gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of palm oil carotene on breat cancer tumorigenicity in nude mice (2002)

Biological therapies are new additions to breast cancer treatment. Among biological compounds, beta-carotene has been reported to have immune modulatory effects, in particular, enhancement of natural killer cell activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by macrophages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of palm carotene supplementation on the tumorigenicity of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells injected into athymic nude mice and to explore the mechanism by which palm carotenes suppress tumorigenesis. Forty-eight 4-wk-old mice were injected with 1 x 10(6) MCF-7 cells into their mammary fat pad. The experimental group was supplemented with palm carotene whereas the control group was not. Significant differences were observed in tumor incidence (P< 0.001) and tumor surface area and metastasis to lung (P< 0.005) between the two groups. Natural killer (NK) cells and B-lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of carotene-supplemented mice were significantly increased (P < 0.05 and P < 0.001, respectively) compared with controls. These results suggest that palm oil carotene is able to modulate the immune system by increasing peripheral blood NK cells and B-lymphocytes and suppress the growth of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.
Differential Expression of lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA and Their Related Functional Networks in New-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among Chinese Rural Adults (2022)

Increasing evidence suggested that the expression and inter-regulation of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA) were related to the development of diabetes. Based on bioinformatics analysis, this study aimed to comprehensively analyze the dysregulated RNA molecules related to new-onset type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Twenty-four patients with new-onset T2DM were included as cases, and sex- and age-matched participants were included as controls. The differentially expressed lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs between the two groups were screened by RNA sequencing. LncRNA-miRNA-mRNA network and enrichment analysis were used to reveal the RNA molecules that were potentially associated with T2DM and their early changes. A total of 123 lncRNAs, 49 miRNAs, and 312 mRNAs were differentially expressed in the new-onset T2DM (fold change ≥ 1.5 and <i>p</i> value < 0.05). Functional analysis revealed that differentially expressed RNAs were likely to play essential roles in diabetes-related pathways. In addition, the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network screened multiple hub mRNAs, and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA networks showed that a single miRNA could be related to multiple lncRNAs, and then they coregulated more mRNAs. SLC25A4, PLCB1, AGTR2, PRKN, and SCD5 were shown to be important mRNAs in T2DM, and miR-199b-5p, miR-202-5p, miR-548o-3p as well as miR-1255b-5p could be involved in their regulation. In conclusion, several new and previously identified dysregulated lncRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs were found to be vital biomarkers in T2DM. Their alterations and interactions could modulate the pathophysiology of T2DM. Those findings may provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the development of T2DM.
P19-57 LB. Gene-based vaccination protects against mucosal infection by a heterologous highly pathogenic SIV isolate in rhesus monkeys (2009)

Methods Rhesus monkeys were immunized intramuscularly using a plasmid DNA prime/recombinant Ad5 boost regimen. Experimental animals received vectors expressing genes encoding SIVmac239 env and gag/pol, and control animals received empty vectors. Monkeys were challenged 4 months after their final immunization with a series of 12 weekly intra-rectal exposures of SIVsmE660 in one study, and SIVmac251 in a second study. The challenge dose for each virus was titered to achieve ~50% infection per-inoculation for control animals. Time to acquisition of infection was monitored by weekly assessment of plasma SIV RNA levels.
Partial trisomy 8 (trisomy 8q2106 leads to 8qter). (1977)

A case of trisomy for part of the long arm of chromosome 8, confirmed by G-banding analysis, in a white male infant is described. The mother carried a reciprocal translocation between chromosome 8 and chromosome 13 (46,XX,t(8;13),(q21:q34). The patient had inherited the translocated chromosome 13 and was thus trisomic for the distal half of the long arm of chromosome 8. He had many of the clinical features of the full trisomy 8 syndrome. As compared with previously reported cases with trisomy of the distal end of chromosome 8, he was more dysmorphic and showed greater developmental retardation.
Quantum theory of nondegenerate multiwave mixing III Application to single-beam squeezed-state generation (1991)

We apply our quantum theory of nondegenerate multiwave mixing [ Phys. Rev. A37, 2017 ( 1988)] to squeezed-state generation experiments with two-level atoms. Our main interest is to predict the amount of squeezing achievable with a Doppler-broadened two-level medium. We are particularly interested in the single-beam configuration, in which all four interacting beams are spatially degenerate. We analytically solve the coupled-mode quantum Langevin equations for nondegenerate four-wave mixing. The solutions are used to compute the amount of squeezing. In the computation the effects of pump–probe phase mismatch, collisions, Doppler broadening, and Gaussian-intensity variation are comprehensively taken into account for the first time to our knowledge. Simple rules of thumb as to where one can see squeezing in both degenerate- and nondegenerate-frequency cases are derived by examining the limit of a short medium. We then present the case of an infinitely long medium, in which maximum squeezing is achieved when there is no pump–probe phase mismatch. With the inclusion of pump–probe phase mismatch, however, the maximum amount of squeezing is obtained with a finite-length medium instead. This prompts us to investigate in detail the finite-length medium case. Our results show that the effects of Doppler broadening and Gaussian-intensity variation can be largely circumvented by detuning the pump frequency more than three Doppler half-widths from resonance and that good broadband squeezing can be achieved even with a Doppler-broadened medium that has a moderate amount of collision broadening. Under these circumstances it is found that the effect of pump self-focusing or defocusing will be the major factor that limits the amount of achievable squeezing. In particular, the spatially varying nonlinear refractive indices seen by the pump and the probe modes are quite different, which causes the former to become spatially mismatched with the latter in the region in which strong squeezing is otherwise expected.
Chinese Thought in a Multi-cultural World (2022)

Reflecting on the “clash of civilizations” as its point of departure, this book is based on a series of sixteen of the author’s interconnected, thematically focused lectures and calls for new perspectives to resist imperialistic homogeneity. Situated within a neo-humanist context, the book applies interactive cognition from an Asian perspective within which China can be perceived as an essential “other,” making it highly relevant in the quest for global solutions to the many grave issues facing mankind today. The author critiques American, European, and Chinese points of view; highlighting the significance of difference and the necessity of dialogue; before ultimately, rethinking the nature of world literature and putting forward interactive cognition as a means of “reconciliation” between cultures. Chinese culture, as a frame of reference endowed with traditions of “harmony without homogeneity”, may help to alleviate global cultural confrontation and even reconstruct the understanding of human civilization. The book will be essential reading for scholars and students of Comparative Literature, Chinese Studies, and all those who are interested in cross-cultural communication and Chinese culture in general.
Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Antagonists and Agonists (2003)

Interest in the development of specific antagonists of the protease-activated receptors are significant, however, achieving such goals remain extremely challenging. Considerable efforts have been directed at developing specific antagonists of the first elucidated member of this receptor family, namely the thrombin receptor, PAR-1. However, significantly less effort has been directed at the second member of the family, PAR-2 due in part to lack of clarity concerning its activating protease(s), and uncertainty concerning its physiological and pathophysiological roles in disease pathways. This review will briefly summarize what is known about the activating protease(s), the potential (patho)physiological roles for PAR-2 and structure-activity relationships that have been developed for PAR-2 agonists and antagonists in relationship to agonists and antagonists developed for the other protease-activated receptors.
Silencing c-Myc Using Myc Inhibitor JQ1 and EZH2 Inhibitor DZNep Blocks Converging Survival Signals in Aggressive B-Cell Lymphomas (2012)

Abstract Abstract 4618 c-Myc (hereafter Myc) overexpression has been recognized in aggressive B-cell lymphomas and linked to adverse prognosis. Myc activation results in widespread repression of miRNA expression and lymphoma aggressive progression. Our recent study identified a Myc-miRNAs-EZH2 feed-forward loop linking over-expression of Myc, EZH2, and miRNA repression. Here, using a novel small-molecule bromodomain inhibitor, JQ1, to silence Myc and the EZH2 inhibitor DZNep, we demonstrated that combined inhibition of Myc and EZH2 cooperatively disrupted Myc activation, resulting in restoration of miR-26a expression, which subsequently suppressed lymphoma growth and clonogenicity in aggressive lymphoma cells. Furthermore, Myc and EZH2 cooperatively regulated miR-26a expression in aggressive lymphoma cells. MiR-26a functioned as a tumor suppressor miRNA and mediated the combinatorial effect of JQ1 and DZNep. These findings represent a promising, novel approach for silencing Myc with JQ1 for combinatorial therapy of aggressive B-cell lymphomas. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
User influence on the mean effective gain for data mode operation of mobile handsets (2012)

The current paper presents statistics on the mean effective gain (MEG) for mobile handsets. The results are based on a large measurement campaign in an urban environment where the propagation channel from two different base stations to seven different handsets were measured in two bands (776 MHz and 2300 MHz). The handsets were of different types (bar, clamshell, smartphone), all had two antennas and were used in data (browsing) mode. All handsets were measured with twelve different users with both one-hand and two-hand grips. The body loss, the mean difference between the MEG in free space and with a user, was found to be up to about 15 dB with typical values below 6 dB. Further results are given in terms of mean values, standard deviations, and analyses for differences due to antenna location and user grip style. Finally, the body loss distribution is modeled and used for estimation of confidence intervals.
A simple and rapid method for identifying and semi‐quantifying peptide hormones in isolated pancreatic islets by direct‐tissue matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (2011)

We describe a new, simple, robust and efficient method based on direct-tissue matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry that enables consistent semi-quantitation of peptide hormones in isolated pancreatic islets from normal and diabetic rodents. Prominent signals were measured that corresponded to all the main peptide hormones present in islet-endocrine cells: (α-cells) glucagon, glicentin-related polypeptide/GRPP; (β-cells) insulin I, insulin II, C-peptide I, C-peptide II, amylin; (δ-cells) somatostatin-14; and (PP-cells), and pancreatic polypeptide. The signal ratios coincided with known relative hormone abundances. The method demonstrated that severe insulin deficiency is accompanied by elevated levels of all non-β-cell-hormones in diabetic rat islets, consistent with alleviation of paracrine suppression of hormone production by non-β-cells. It was also effective in characterizing hormonal phenotype in hemizygous human-amylin transgenic mice that express human and mouse amylin in approx. equimolar quantities. Finally, the method demonstrated utility in basic peptide-hormone discovery by identifying a prominent new Gcg-gene-derived peptide (theoretical monoisotopic molecular weight 3263.5 Da), closely related to but distinct from GRPP, in diabetic islets. This peptide, whose sequence is HAPQDTEENARSFPASQTEPLEDPNQINE in Rattus norvegicus, could be a peptide hormone whose roles in physiology and metabolic disease warrant further investigation. This method provides a powerful new approach that could provide important new insights into the physiology and regulation of peptide hormones in islets and other endocrine tissues. It has potentially wide-ranging applications that encompass endocrinology, pharmacology, phenotypic analysis in genetic models of metabolic disease, and hormone discovery, and could also effectively limit the numbers of animals required for such studies.
Doping and Quantum Confinement Effects in Single Si Nanocrystals Observed by Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy (2013)

We have applied scanning tunneling spectroscopy in studies of the electronic level structure of surface-functionalized colloidal Si nanocrystals (Si-NCs) as a function of their size for various capping ligands. The energy gaps extracted from the tunneling spectra increase with decreasing NC size, manifesting the effect of quantum confinement. This is consistent with the blueshift revealed by photoluminescence (PL) from dodecene functionalized Si-NCs. The tunneling spectra measured on NCs functionalized with NH4Br or allylamine show band-edge shifts toward higher energies, akin to p-type doping. This behavior can be accounted for by the combined contributions of the ligands' dipole moments and charge transfer between a Si-NC and its surface groups. Concomitantly, size-independent PL spectra, which cannot be associated with NC band gap variations, were observed for the latter Si-NCs.
Ultrasonic backscatter imaging by shear-wave-induced echo phase encoding of target locations (2011)

We present a novel method for ultrasound backscatter image formation wherein lateral resolution of the target is obtained by using traveling shear waves to encode the lateral position of targets in the phase of the received echo. We demonstrate that the phase modulation as a function of shear wavenumber can be expressed in terms of a Fourier transform of the lateral component of the target echogenicity. The inverse transform, obtained by measurements of the phase modulation over a range of shear wave spatial frequencies, yields the lateral scatterer distribution. Range data are recovered from time of flight as in conventional ultrasound, yielding a B-mode-like image. In contrast to conventional ultrasound imaging, where mechanical or electronic focusing is used and lateral resolution is determined by aperture size and wavelength, we demonstrate that lateral resolution using the proposed method is independent of the properties of the aperture. Lateral resolution of the target is achieved using a stationary, unfocused, single-element transducer. We present simulated images of targets of uniform and non-uniform shear modulus. Compounding for speckle reduction is demonstrated. Finally, we demonstrate image formation with an unfocused transducer in gelatin phantoms of uniform shear modulus.
Surface Normal 1-to-27 Optical Fan-out Using Substrate Guided Waves in Conjunction With Two Dimensional Waveguide Hologram Array (1994)

Optical interconnect has been widely agreed as a better choice for interconnecting different processors and memories whenever the conventional electrical interconnect can not fulfill the system requirements[1-4]. Among the optical interconnect architectures demonstrated thus far, global interconnects based on two-dimensional waveguide array and surface normal free-space interconnections represent current technology trends. Waveguide-based optical interconnects[5] are suitable for intra-board and module-to-module bus connections, while free-space interconnects[6] are suitable for board-to-board interconnections.
Best basis search in lapped dictionaries (2006)

This paper proposes, analyzes, and illustrates several best basis search algorithms for dictionaries consisting of lapped orthogonal bases. It improves upon the best local cosine basis selection based on a dyadic tree , by considering larger dictionaries of bases. It is shown that this can result in sparser representations and approximate shift invariance. An algorithm that is strictly shift invariant is also provided. The experiments in this paper suggest that the new dictionaries can be advantageous for time-frequency analysis, compression, and noise removal. Accelerated versions of the basic algorithm are provided that explore various tradeoffs between computational efficiency and adaptability. It is shown that the proposed algorithms are in fact applicable to any finite dictionary comprised of lapped orthogonal bases. One such novel dictionary is proposed that constructs the best local cosine representation in the frequency domain, and it is shown that the new dictionary is better suited for representing certain types of signals.
Pd-Nanoparticles Embedded Metal–Organic Framework-Derived Hierarchical Porous Carbon Nanosheets as Efficient Electrocatalysts for Carbon Monoxide Oxidation in Different Electrolytes (2022)

Rational synthesis of Co-ZIF-67 metal-organic framework (MOF)-derived carbon-supported metal nanoparticles is essential for various energy and environmental applications; however, their catalytic activity toward carbon monoxide (CO) oxidation in various electrolytes is not yet emphasized. Co-ZIF-67-derived hierarchical porous carbon nanosheet-supported Pd nanocrystals (Pd/ZIF-67/C) were prepared using a simple microwave-irradiation approach followed by carbonization and etching. Mechanistically, during microwave irradiation, triethyleneamine provides abundant reducing gases that promote the formation of Pd nanoparticles/Co-N<sub>x</sub> in porous carbon nanosheets with the assistance of ethylene glycol and also form a multimodal pore size. The electrocatalytic CO oxidation activity and stability of Pd/ZIF-67/C outperformed those of commercial Pd/C and Pt/C catalysts by (4.2 and 4.4, 4.0 and 2.7, 3.59 and 2.7) times in 0.1 M HClO<sub>4</sub>, 0.1 M KOH, and 0.1 M NaHCO<sub>3</sub>, respectively, due to the catalytic properties of Pd besides the conductivity of Co-N<sub>x</sub> active sites and delicate porous structures of ZIF-67. Notably, using Pd/ZIF-67/C results in a higher CO oxidation activity than Pd/C and Pt/C. This study may pave the way for using MOF-supported multi-metallic nanoparticles for CO oxidation electrocatalysis.
Towards Energy Efficient Mobile Wireless Receivers Above 100 GHz (2020)

Wireless communication above 100 GHz offers the potential for massive data rates and has attracted considerable attention for Beyond 5G and 6G systems. A key challenge in the receiver design in these bands is power consumption, particularly for mobile and portable devices. This paper provides a general methodology for understanding the trade-offs of power consumption and end-to-end performance of a large class of potential receivers for these frequencies. The framework is applied to the design of a fully digital 140 GHz receiver with a 2 GHz sample rate, targeted for likely 6G cellular applications. Design options are developed for key RF components including the low noise amplifier (LNA), mixer, local oscillator (LO) and analog-digital converter (ADC) in 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS. The proposed framework, combined with detailed circuit and system simulations, is then used to select among the design options for the overall optimal end-to-end performance and power tradeoff. The analysis reveals critical design choices and bottlenecks. It is shown that optimizing these critical components can enable a dramatic 70 to 80% power reduction relative to a standard baseline design enabling fully-digital 140 GHz receivers with RF power consumption less than 2 W.
Reconfigurable optical generation of nine Nyquist WDM channels with sinc-shaped temporal pulse trains using a single microresonator-based Kerr frequency comb (2019)

Sinc-shaped temporal pulse trains have a spectrally efficient, rectangular Nyquist spectrum. We demonstrate the simultaneous and reconfigurable optical generation of multiple Nyquist-shaped wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) channels having temporal sinc-shaped pulse trains as data carriers. The channels are generated through the insertion of coherent lines using cascaded continuous-wave amplitude modulation around the spectral lines of a microresonator-based Kerr optical frequency comb. For each of nine Kerr frequency comb lines, we insert sub-groups of uniform and coherent lines to generate nine WDM channels. The deviations from ideal Nyquist pulses for the nine channels at repetition rates of 6 and 2 GHz are between 4.2%-6.1% and 2%-4.5%, respectively. Each WDM channel is modulated with on-off keying (OOK) at 6 Gbit/s. In addition, we show the reconfigurability of this method by varying the number of WDM channels, the generated sinc-shaped pulse train repetition rates, the duration, and the number of zero-crossings.
A SAW contiguous filter bank with an m derived ladder (2003)

An m-derived ladder for combining SAW (surface acoustic wave) filters in a contiguous filter bank is proposed. The series element in each m-derived ladder section is composed of a parallel resonant circuit. The input transducer of a SAW filter is used as the shunt element in each section. A pole of attenuation is produced at the resonant frequency of the series element. Thus, the third-harmonic spurious response of the SAW filter is greatly suppressed by setting the pole of attenuation in the vicinity of the third harmonic. A ten-channel version of the filter bank was constructed, operating in the frequency range from 110 to 200 MHz. The insertion loss was 10+or-1.7 dB, which was as low as that of a constant k ladder filter bank, and the attenuation was greater than 42 dB in the third harmonics from 330 to 600 MHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Distributed Convergence Verification for Gaussian Belief Propagation (2017)

Gaussian belief propagation (BP) is a computationally efficient method to approximate the marginal distribution and has been widely used for inference with high dimensional data as well as distributed estimation in large-scale networks. However, the convergence of Gaussian BP is still an open issue. Though sufficient convergence conditions have been studied in the literature, verifying these conditions requires gathering all the information over the whole network, which defeats the main advantage of distributed computing by using Gaussian BP. In this paper, we propose a novel sufficient convergence condition for Gaussian BP that applies to both the pairwise linear Gaussian model and to Gaussian Markov random fields. We show analytically that this sufficient convergence condition can be easily verified in a distributed way that satisfies the network topology constraint.