gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power estimation for non-standardized multisite studies (2016)

A concern for researchers planning multisite studies is that scanner and T1-weighted sequence-related biases on regional volumes could overshadow true effects, especially for studies with a heterogeneous set of scanners and sequences. Current approaches attempt to harmonize data by standardizing hardware, pulse sequences, and protocols, or by calibrating across sites using phantom-based corrections to ensure the same raw image intensities. We propose to avoid harmonization and phantom-based correction entirely. We hypothesized that the bias of estimated regional volumes is scaled between sites due to the contrast and gradient distortion differences between scanners and sequences. Given this assumption, we provide a new statistical framework and derive a power equation to define inclusion criteria for a set of sites based on the variability of their scaling factors. We estimated the scaling factors of 20 scanners with heterogeneous hardware and sequence parameters by scanning a single set of 12 subjects at sites across the United States and Europe. Regional volumes and their scaling factors were estimated for each site using Freesurfer's segmentation algorithm and ordinary least squares, respectively. The scaling factors were validated by comparing the theoretical and simulated power curves, performing a leave-one-out calibration of regional volumes, and evaluating the absolute agreement of all regional volumes between sites before and after calibration. Using our derived power equation, we were able to define the conditions under which harmonization is not necessary to achieve 80% power. This approach can inform choice of processing pipelines and outcome metrics for multisite studies based on scaling factor variability across sites, enabling collaboration between clinical and research institutions.
In situ observations of phase transitions in Ti–6Al–4V alloy welds using spatially resolved x-ray diffraction (2003)

In situ spatially resolved x-ray diffraction (SRXRD) experiments were used to directly observe the heat-affected zone phases present during gas tungsten arc welding of a Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The experiments were performed at the Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory using a 250 μm diam x-ray beam to gather real-time experimental information about the α−Ti→β−Ti phase transition during weld heating. Six different welding conditions were investigated using SRXRD to experimentally determine the extent of the single phase β-Ti region surrounding the liquid weld pool. These data were compared to predicted locations of the β-Ti phase boundary determined by calculated weld thermal profiles and equilibrium thermodynamic relationships. The comparison shows differences between the experimentally measured and the calculated locations of the β-Ti boundary. The differences are attributed to kinetics of the α−Ti→β−Ti phase transition, which requires superheating above the β-Ti transus temperature to take place during nonisothermal weld heating. Analysis of the results reveal that the transition to β-Ti requires an additional 3.96 s (±0.29 s) of time and 169 °C (±25.7 °C) of superheat above the β-Ti transus temperature to go to completion under an average weld heating rate of 42.7 °C/s.
Ultra-high speed Direct Tunneling Memory (DTM) for embedded RAM applications (2004)

Direct Tunneling Memory (DTM) with ultra-thin tunnel oxide and novel depleted floating gate (FG) has been demonstrated for embedded RAM applications. Fast programming (<10ns) at low voltage, together with its excellent charge retention (>10s) and large threshold voltage difference (>1.3V), has been achieved by utilizing the band bending at the FG/oxide interface in charge retention period. The depleted FG is also effective to suppress the degradation of program/erase speed caused by the gate re-oxidation process. As a consequence, newly proposed DTM is a promising candidate for cost-effective and scalable embedded RAM instead of a conventional embedded DRAM.
Synthesis of bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene-fused 5,15-diazaporphyrin and 10-azacorrole with meso-imine bridges (2022)

Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene(BCOD)-fused 5,15-diazaporphyrins were synthesized via a metal-template aza-annulation of dipyrrin-metal complexes as a soluble precursor of tetrabenzodiazaporphyrin. 10-Azacorrole copper complex with a meso-imine bridge was serendipitously obtained via the same reaction using dimethylBCOD-fused dipyrrin-copper complex.
PALS (PARKING AND LAND USE SYSTEM) - USER FRIENDLY ASSISTANCE FOR INFRASTRUCTURE PLANNERS . 15TH ARRB CONFERENCE, DARWIN, NORTHERN TERRITORY, 26-31 AUGUST 1990; PROCEEDINGS PARTS 1 TO 7 (1990)

The central business districts of many towns and cities are the subject of quite significant development activity. This can result in difficulties for the Council in monitoring and maintaining accurate assessments of parking supply and demand, and in forecasting parking demand as a result of future developments. This paper describes a simple system for monitoring the parking supply and floorspace within a defined area in order that estimates of demand for long and short stay parking can be easily and consistently derived for past, present and future conditions, leading to more efficient and timely infrastructure planning and financing. The system is based on standard Dbase3+ application software and operates on an IBM compatible 80286 PC. It is menu driven and highly user friendly and can be manipulated and edited by persons with low level computer skills. Outputs can be quickly generated on demand. Costs to set up and maintain the PAL System are modest and depend on the level of detail required. (Author/TRRL)
“CAN YOU GIVE ME ANOTHER WORD FOR HYPERBARIC?”: IMPROVING SPEECH TRANSLATION USING TARGETED CLARIFICATION QUESTIONS (2014)

We present a novel approach for improving communication success between users of speech-to-speech translation systems by automatically detecting errors in the output of automatic speech recognition (ASR) and statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. Our approach initiates system-driven targeted clarification about errorful regions in user input and repairs them given user responses. Our system has been evaluated by unbiased subjects in live mode, and results show improved success of communication between users of the system. Index Terms — Speech translation, error detection, error correction, spoken dialog systems. 1.
SU‐E‐E‐03: Ethics and Professionalism Education in Medical Physics: A Needs Assessment Study (2012)

Data gathered through the survey is guiding our efforts to develop a case-based ethics curriculum and instructional materials for medical physics trainees at our institution. This effort may be useful to other medical physics programs which offer ethics training/education. This work has been funded in part by a grant from the National Institutes of Health, T32 EB002103-22S1.
Dielectric relaxation spectroscopy of reactive network-forming polymers (1998)

Dipole dynamics in network-forming epoxy-amine formulations were investigated by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The unreacted liquid monomer mixture was characterized by a single αβ process at high frequencies. The αβ relaxation peak broadens with the progress of chemical reactions and separates into two peaks: α which shifts to lower frequencies and longer relaxation times, and a second peak at high frequency (megahertz range) of diminishing intensity, but essentially unchanging relaxation time. The most probable relaxation times were calculated and plotted as a function of reciprocal temperature resulting in activation energy plots. It was shown that the splitting of the αβ process into α and β processes can be brought about by either cooling a liquid without changing its structure, or continuing chemical reactions (i.e. changing the structure) while maintaining a constant temperature. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis and Binding Affinities of Novel Spirocyclic Lactam Peptidomimetics of Somatostatin (1998)

Abstract Synthesis of novel spirocyclic lactam peptidomimetics of the binding domain of somatostatin from commercially available D, L-methionine is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Copper(II) Acetate on Ni/AcOH‐Promoted 5‐endo and 5‐exo Radical Cyclizations of Trichloroacetamides. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High-resolution and reliable automatic target recognition based on photonic ISAR imaging system with explainable deep learning (2022)

Automatic target recognition (ATR) based on inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images, which is extensively utilized to surveil environment in military and civil fields, must be high-precision and reliable. Photonic technologies' advantage of broad bandwidth enables ISAR systems to realize high-resolution imaging, which is in favor of achieving high-performance ATR. Deep learning (DL) algorithms have achieved excellent recognition accuracies. However, the lack of interpretability of DL algorithms causes the head-scratching problem of credibility. In this paper, we exploit the inner relationship between a photonic ISAR imaging system and behaviors of a convolutional neural network (CNN) to deeply comprehend the intelligent recognition. Specifically, we manipulate imaging physical process and analyze network outputs, the relevance between the ISAR image and network output, and the visualization of features in the network output layer. Consequently, the broader imaging bandwidths and appropriate imaging angles lead to more detailed structural and contour features and the bigger discrepancy among ISAR images of different targets, which contributes to the CNN recognizing and distinguishing objects according to physical laws. Then, based on the photonic ISAR imaging system and the explainable CNN, we accomplish a high-accuracy and reliable ATR. To the best of our knowledge, there is no precedent of explaining the DL algorithms by exploring the influence of the physical process of data generation on network behaviors. It is anticipated that this work can not only inspire the accomplishment of a high-performance ATR but also bring new insights to explore network behaviors and thus achieve better intelligent abilities.
Cell Therapy for Prophylactic Tolerance in Immunoglobulin E-mediated Allergy (2016)

This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that allergen-specific immunological tolerance preventing occurrence of allergy can be established through a cell-based therapy employing allergen-expressing leukocytes.
3D Object Retrieval with Multimodal Views (2015)

This paper reports the results of the SHREC'15 track: 3D Object Retrieval with Multimodal Views, which goal is to evaluate the performance of retrieval algorithms when multimodal views are employed for 3D object representation. In this task, a collection of 505 objects is generated and both the color images and the depth images are provided for each object. 311 objects are selected as the queries and average retrieval performance is measured. The track attracted six participants and the submission of 26 runs, to two tasks. The evaluation results show a promising scenario about multimodal view-based 3D retrieval methods, and reveal interesting insights in dealing with multimodal data.
Ultralow-Power High-Performance Si Photonic Transmitter (2010)

We report a 320fJ/bit transmitter made of a Si microring modulator flip-chip bonded to a CMOS driver. The transmitter consumes only 1.6mW power, and exhibits a wide open eye with extinction ratio &gt;7dB at 5Gb/s.
The virtual write queue (2010)

In computer architecture, caches have primarily been viewed as a means to hide memory latency from the CPU. Cache policies have focused on anticipating the CPU's data needs, and are mostly oblivious to the main memory. In this paper, we demonstrate that the era of many-core architectures has created new main memory bottlenecks, and mandates a new approach: coordination of cache policy with main memory characteristics. Using the cache for memory optimization purposes, we propose a Virtual Write Queue which dramatically expands the memory controller's visibility of processor behavior, at low implementation overhead. Through memory-centric modification of existing policies, such as scheduled writebacks, this paper demonstrates that performance limiting effects of highly-threaded architectures can be overcome. We show that through awareness of the physical main memory layout and by focusing on writes, both read and write average latency can be shortened, memory power reduced, and overall system performance improved. Through full-system cycle-accurate simulations of SPEC cpu2006, we demonstrate that the proposed Virtual Write Queue achieves an average 10.9% system-level throughput improvement on memory-intensive workloads, along with an overall reduction of 8.7% in memory power across the whole suite.
ICEPIC study of metamaterial-like rodded cathode in a relativistic A6 magnetron (2014)

A metamaterial-like rodded cathode in a relativistic A6 magnetron was simulated using ICEPIC [1] to study the effect that a grid of fine rods have on increasing space-charge-limited current emission from the cathode, on affecting the microwave power, and on encouraging a beneficial interaction with the RF mode.
Self-Imaging Chirped Holographic Optical Waveguides (1997)

To manipulate light propagation in optical waveguides, we have studied holographic, chirped structures within the waveguide's core. The holographic structures were embedded along the wave propagation direction and extended throughout the entire guide. Various self-imaging guides have been analyzed and realized to demonstrate the effect of different structures.
A Genome-Wide Association Study of Monozygotic Twin-Pairs Suggests a Locus Related to Variability of Serum High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (2012)

Genome-wide association analysis on monozygotic twin-pairs offers a route to discovery of gene environment interactions through testing for variability loci associated with sensitivity to individual environment/lifestyle. We present a genome-wide scan of loci associated with intra-pair differences in serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels. We report data for 1,720 monozygotic female twin-pairs from GenomEUtwin project with 2.5 million SNPs, imputed or genotyped, and measured serum lipid fractions for both twins. We found one locus associated with intra-pair differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, rs2483058 in an intron of SRGAP2, where twins carrying the C allele are more sensitive to environmental factors(P=3.98 x 10-8). We followed up the association in further genotyped monozygotic twins (N= 1,261),which showed a moderate association for the variant (P= 0.200, same direction of an effect). In addition,we report a new association on the level of apolipoprotein A-ll (P= 4.03 x 1 o-8).
A model-based, Bayesian approach to the CF4/Ar etch of SiO2 (2018)

The design and optimization of highly nonlinear and complex processes like plasma etching is challenging and timeconsuming. Significant effort has been devoted to creating plasma profile simulators to facilitate the development of etch recipes. Nevertheless, these simulators are often difficult to use in practice due to the large number of unknown parameters in the plasma discharge and surface kinetics of the etch material, the dependency of the etch rate on the evolving front profile, and the disparate length scales of the system. Here, we expand on the development of a previously published, data informed, Bayesian approach embodied in the platform RODEo (<strong>R</strong>ecipe <strong>O</strong>ptimization for <strong>D</strong>eposition and <strong>E</strong>tching). RODEo is used to predict etch rates and etch profiles over a range of powers, pressures, gas flow rates, and gas mixing ratios of an CF4/Ar gas chemistry. Three examples are shown: (1) etch rate predictions of an unknown material “X” using simulated experiments for a CF<sub>4</sub>/Ar chemistry, (2) etch rate predictions of SiO<sub>2</sub> in a Plasma-Therm 790 RIE reactor for a CF<sub>4</sub>/Ar chemistry, and (3) profile prediction using level set methods.
Purification, Characterization, and Preliminary Crystallographic Study of Copper-Containing Nitrous Oxide Reductase fromPseudomonas nautica617 (2000)

The aerobic purification of Pseudomonas nautica 617 nitrous oxide reductase yielded two forms of the enzyme exhibiting different chromatographic behaviors. The protein contains six copper atoms per monomer, arranged in two centers named CuA and CuZ. CuZ could be neither oxidized nor further reduced under our experimental conditions, and exhibits a 4-line EPR spectrum (gx = 2.015, Ax = 1.5 mT, gy = 2.071, Ay = 2 mT, gz = 2.138, Az = 7 mT) and a strong absorption at ∼640 nm. CuA can be stabilized in a reduced EPR-silent state and in an oxidized state with a typical 7-line EPR spectrum (gx = gy = 2.021, Ax = Ay = 0 mT, gz = 2.178, Az = 4 mT) and absorption bands at 480, 540, and ∼800 nm. The difference between the two purified forms of nitrous oxide reductase is interpreted as a difference in the oxidation state of the CuA center. In form A, CuA is predominantly oxidized (S = 1/2, Cu1.5+−Cu1.5+), while in form B it is mostly in the one-electron reduced state (S = 0, Cu1+−Cu1+). In both forms, CuZ remains reduced (S = 1/2). Complete crystallographic data at 2.4 Å indicate that CuA is a binuclear site (similar to the site found in cytochrome c oxidase) and CuZ is a novel tetracopper cluster [Brown, K., et al. (2000) Nat. Struct. Biol. (in press)]. The complete amino acid sequence of the enzyme was determined and comparisons made with sequences of other nitrous oxide reductases, emphasizing the coordination of the centers. A 10.3 kDa peptide copurified with both forms of nitrous oxide reductase shows strong homology with proteins of the heat-shock GroES chaperonin family.
Modified-layer formation mechanism into silicon with permeable nanosecond laser (2007)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the formation mechanism of modified layer. A coupling problem composed of focused laser propagation in a silicon single crystal is examined, considering laser absorption, temperature rise and heat conduction, with particular attention to an experimental result that the absorption coefficient varies with temperature. Simple thermal stress analysis was also conducted based on those results. As a result, the formation mechanism of the modified layer could be explained clearly. It was seen that the temperature dependence of absorption coefficient is the most important factor of the modified layer formation. This present analysis can be applied to find the optimum laser irradiation condition for Stealth Dicing (SD) method, and it is a future subject to confirm it experimentally. It was supported by this present analysis that the problem of thermal effect on the device region can be solved by the SD method. [Received 7 May 2006; Accepted 2 February 2007]
Quasicyclic codes from a finite affine plane (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the properties of the point-line incidence matrix of a finite affine plane and present a construction of quasicyclic LDPC codes based on submatrices of the incidence matrix. The codes from the point-line incidence matrices of the affine and projective geometries perform very well with iterative decoding algorithms for low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes.
A method for surveying and classifying Leuconostoc spp. glucansucrases according to strain-dependent acceptor product patterns (2005)

A number of Leuconostoc spp. strains were screened for their ability to produce glucansucrases and carry out acceptor reactions with maltose. Acceptor products were analyzed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and it was discovered that they could be grouped into four distinct categories based on oligosaccharide product patterns. These patterns corresponded with structural features of the dextrans each strain is reported to produce. Strains that produced a typical dextran-characterized by a predominantly linear alpha(1-->6)-linked D: -glucan chain with a low to moderate degree of branching-produced a homologous series of isomaltooligosaccharides via acceptor reactions. Strains that produced dextrans with moderate to high levels of alpha(1-->2) branch points, exemplified by NRRL B-1299, synthesized the same isomaltodextrins as well as another series of oligosaccharides migrating slightly faster in our TLC system. Strains that produced dextrans with higher levels of alpha(1-->3)-branches, such as NRRL B-742, synthesized isomaltodextrins plus a series of oligosaccharides that migrated slightly more slowly on TLC. And finally, strains known to produce alternansucrase produced isomaltodextrins plus oligoalternans. Within a given type, variability exists in the relative proportions of each product. The data presented here may be useful in selecting strains for the production of specific types of oligosaccharides, for example as prebiotics.
12 and 18 μm Images of Dust Surrounding HD 32297 (2007)

We present the first subarcsecond-resolution images at multiple mid-IR wavelengths of the thermally-emitting dust around the A0 star HD 32297. Our observations with T-ReCS at Gemini South reveal a nearly edge-on resolved disk at both 11.7 microns and 18.3 microns that extends ~150 AU in radius. The mid-IR is the third wavelength region in which this disk has been resolved, following coronagraphic observations by others of the source at optical and near-IR wavelengths. The global mid-IR colors and detailed consideration of the radial color-temperature distribution imply that the central part of the disk out to ~80 AU is relatively deficient in dust.