gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validation and diagnostic performance of a fast on-site deep learning-based CT-FFR algorithm (2022)

Abstract Background/Introduction CT-based fractional flow reserve (CT-FFR) has been extensively studied and established as a valuable tool for clinical decision making over the past decade. Nevertheless, clinical implementation has not been systematically adopted due to economic and technical reasons. Among the latter, the turn-around time for the computation and analysis' results potentially plays an important role. Purpose To evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic accuracy of CT-FFR computed on-site with a novel, deep learning-based algorithm using invasive hemodynamic indices as the reference standard. Methods Sixty-one patients who underwent clinically indicated coronary computed tomography angiography and invasive FFR (iFFR) and/or instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) measurements were retrospectively included. CT-FFR analysis was performed in 77 arteries using an on-site prototype software based on deep learning algorithms for coronary anatomy segmentation and prediction of the pressure drop under rest and hyperemia. The diagnostic performance of CT-FFR to detect hemodynamic significant lesions was assessed using iFFR (≤0.8) and/or iFR (≤0.89) as the standard of reference (60 patients with iFFR, 11 patients with iFR, and 3 patients with both) and the receiver operating characteristic area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Furthermore, correlation analysis and Bland-Altman (BA) analysis was performed. Time for analysis including processing and manual edits to the lumen segmentation was recorded. Results CT-FFR analysis was successful in 59 (97%) patients and 74 (96%) arteries. In 74 arteries, 31 of 74 coronary lesions were invasively found to be hemodynamically significant. Total mean time for per patient CT-FFR analysis was 7 minutes and 55 seconds. Compared with invasive indices, per-lesion sensitivity and specificity of CT-FFR were 90%, and 98%, respectively. The AUC of CT-FFR vs. invasive indices for hemodynamic significance was 0.94, (95% confidence interval: 0.86–0.98). Compared to iFFR, CT-FFR correlated well (r=0.77) with only a very small bias (0.02) and narrow BA limits of agreement (−0.14 to 0.17). The per-lesion accuracy, sensitivity and specificity vs. iFFR were 96%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. Conclusion A novel deep learning-based CT-FFR algorithm yields excellent diagnostic accuracy compared to invasive hemodynamic indices to detect lesion-specific ischemia and offers the potential to be readily implemented into clinical practice given that it can be performed fast and on-site. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.
Toward Incorporation of Relevant Documents in word2vec (2017)

Recent advances in neural word embedding provide significant benefit to various information retrieval tasks. However as shown by recent studies, adapting the embedding models for the needs of IR tasks can bring considerable further improvements. The embedding models in general define the term relatedness by exploiting the terms' co-occurrences in short-window contexts. An alternative (and well-studied) approach in IR for related terms to a query is using local information i.e. a set of top-retrieved documents. In view of these two methods of term relatedness, in this work, we report our study on incorporating the local information of the query in the word embeddings. One main challenge in this direction is that the dense vectors of word embeddings and their estimation of term-to-term relatedness remain difficult to interpret and hard to analyze. As an alternative, explicit word representations propose vectors whose dimensions are easily interpretable, and recent methods show competitive performance to the dense vectors. We introduce a neural-based explicit representation, rooted in the conceptual ideas of the word2vec Skip-Gram model. The method provides interpretable explicit vectors while keeping the effectiveness of the Skip-Gram model. The evaluation of various explicit representations on word association collections shows that the newly proposed method out- performs the state-of-the-art explicit representations when tasked with ranking highly similar terms. Based on the introduced ex- plicit representation, we discuss our approaches on integrating local documents in globally-trained embedding models and discuss the preliminary results.
Supplementary Figure S4 from Enhanced Delivery of SN-38 to Human Tumor Xenografts with an Anti-Trop-2–SN-38 Antibody Conjugate (Sacituzumab Govitecan) (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S4. Concentrations of products in the liver of mice (N = 3) given irinotecan or IMMU-132 determined in 2 separate studies.&lt;/p&gt;
In vitro delivery of calcium ions by nanogated mesoporous silica nanoparticles to induce cancer cellular apoptosis (2017)

Calcium ions released by mesoporous silica nanoparticles taken up by cancer cells cause apoptosis.
Entecavir combined with interferon‐α Is superior to entecavir monotherapy in reducing hepatic and extrahepatic cancer in patients with chronic hepatitis B (2021)

ETV combined with IFN-α therapy is superior to ETV monotherapy in reducing the risk of HCC and EHCs for patients with CHB. People who can tolerate and benefit from IFN-α therapy could consider combination therapy.
Identification of Inhibitors of MicroRNA Function from Small Molecule Screens (2013)

Aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been linked to many human diseases including cancer, immune disorders, heart disease, and viral infections. Thus, small molecule inhibitors of miRNAs have potential as new therapeutic agents, as probes for the elucidation of detailed mechanisms of miRNA function, and as tools for the discovery of new targets for the treatment of human diseases. In order to identify small molecule inhibitors of specific miRNAs, functional assays have been developed and applied to the screening of small molecule libraries. Here, we report the application of a luciferase-based reporter assay of miRNA miR-122 function to the discovery of small molecule miR-122 inhibitors.
Electro-optical efficiency and slow axis far-field improvement of high power laser diode bars using epitaxy structure optimization (2017)

The rapid growth of industrial laser market is driven by the advance of high power laser technology. These high power laser systems require ever more reliable laser sources with higher brightness and higher efficiency. In this report, experimental and simulation data for pump laser diode bars show that improvements in epitaxial design can result in an increase of peak wall plug efficiency from 56% to 59% whilst maintaining slow axis divergence <8.5° at currents up to 300 A.
Modeling and estimation of massive MIMO channel non-reciprocity: Sparsity-aided approach (2017)

In this paper, we study the estimation of channel non-reciprocity in precoded time division duplexing based massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. The considered channel non-reciprocity model covers both the frequency-response and the mutual coupling mismatches between the transmitter and the receiver chains of a massive MIMO basestation (BS). Based on the assumed non-reciprocity model, it is shown that the effective downlink channel can be decomposed as a product of the uplink channel and another sparse matrix, referred to as the BS transceiver non-reciprocity matrix. Stemming from such modeling, we then propose an efficient estimator of the BS transceiver non-reciprocity matrix exploiting its sparse nature, combined with an appropriate formulation of the associated over-the-air pilot-signaling. The mean-squared error performance of the overall corresponding estimation method is finally evaluated using extensive computer simulations which indicate that the non-reciprocity characteristics can be estimated efficiently and accurately, thus potentially facilitating large system-level performance gains in multi-user massive MIMO systems.
The mapping of chromosome 4q markers in relation to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). (1992)

Four DNA markers on the distal long arm of chromosome 4 have been analyzed for their linkage relationship to facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) in a series of 23 families with this disease. Two hypervariable markers, pH30 (D4S139) and EFD 139.1 (D4S184), both show close linkage with the disorder, with a maximum recombination fraction (theta max) of .02 and a maximum lod score (Zmax) of 36.77 and 34.50, respectively; two other markers, the locus for factor XI (F11) and the microsatellite marker Mfd22 (D4S171), both show less close linkage, with respective theta max of .16 (Zmax = 3.40) for F11 and .24 (Zmax = 1.61) for D4S171. While the relative ordering and orientation of the loci on the chromosome remain provisional, analysis of 15 individual recombination events in seven families supports the order D4S171-F11-D4S184-D4S139-FSHD, with the disease locus telomeric to all four markers.
WATER BALANCE IN ANOMURAN LAND CRABS ON A DRY ATOLL (1964)

1. Water balance in the anomuran crabs, Birgus latro, Coenobita perlatus and Coenobita brevimanus, was studied in the field at Eniwetok Atoll during the dry season.2. Birgus and C. brevimanus usually are found in wooded areas in or near piles of rotten cocoanuts which are damp in their interiors. The osmotic concentration of the serum of Birgus and C. brevimanus from such conditions was relatively constant, averaging 74.7 and 80.3% sea water, respectively. Such animals do not depend on the sea for their source of water.3. The osmotic concentration of serum from Birgus captured on the exposed dry islet of Jieroru averaged 91.6% sea water. Evidence suggests that these animals were either using the sea as their source of water or were tolerating slow desiccation in well-sealed burrows.4. Coenobita perlatus is more common and less discriminating than the other two species in its choice of habitat. It is found in such extremes as exposed positions at the edge of the lagoon and protected conditions, such as the interior of piles of cocoanuts in wooded areas.5. Serum osmotic concentrations for C. perlatus taken in the field were usually hypertonic to the available sea water and ranged from 102% sea water (cocoanut piles) to 150% sea water (active at night in forest).6. Coenobita perlatus was observed to enter sea water and brackish water at night; this resulted in filling their adopted shells with water.7. Neither Birgus nor C. brevimanus was observed in sea water in nature although both species will use sea water under laboratory conditions.8. Shell water found in C. brevimanus taken from cocoanut piles was always hypotonic to sea water, but essentially isotonic to the serum. The source of shell water in this species was not found, but experiments demonstrated that such large volumes are not secreted.9. C. brevimanus can thrive on a damp substrate in the absence of surface water for more than two weeks. The serum concentration following this treatment remains relatively low (mean: 86.4% sea water), but abnormal quantities of fresh water and sea water are used by the animal following treatment. This suggests that dehydration occurred and that salts also were lost to the damp substrate.10. The osmotic concentration of urine in all three species is close to that of the blood, although it tends to be slightly hypotonic to the blood in C. brevimanus and Birgus. Therefore, there is no evidence that the antennary glands of these crabs are especially adaptive for terrestrial life.11. Evidence presented suggests that the three subject species represent three steps from a marine life toward a terrestrial existence, Birgus being considered the most terrestrial and C. perlatus the closest to the sea.12. Birgus, probably the most terrestrial of the anomuran crabs, is physiologically more marine in the adult stages than Gecarcinus lateralis, one of the most terrestrial brachyuran crabs.
Encapsulation of glutamine synthetase in mouse erythrocytes: a new procedure for ammonia detoxification (2008)

There are a number of pathological situations in which ammonia levels increase leading to hyperammonemia, which may cause neurological alterations and can lead to coma and death. Currently, there are no efficient treatments allowing rapid and sustained decrease of ammonia levels in these situations. A way to increase ammonia detoxification would be to increase its incorporation in glutamine by glutamine synthetase. The aim of this work was to develop a procedure to encapsulate glutamine synthetase in mouse erythrocytes and to assess whether administration of these erythrocytes containing glutamine synthetase (GS) reduce ammonia levels in hyperammonemic mice. The procedure developed allowed the encapsulation of 3 +/- 0.25 IU of GS / mL of erythrocytes with a 70% cell recovery. Most metabolites, including ATP, remained unaltered in glutamine synthetase-loaded erythrocytes (named ammocytes by us) compared with native erythrocytes. The glutamine synthetase-loaded ammocytes injected in mice survived and retained essentially all of their glutamine synthetase activity for at least 48 h in vivo. Injection of these ammocytes into hyperammonemic mice reduced ammonia levels in the blood by about 50%. The results reported indicate that ammocytes are able to keep their integrity, normal energy metabolism, the inserted glutamine synthetase activity, and can be useful to reduce ammonia levels in hyperammonemic situations.
Photoselection studies of cis/trans isomers of [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2 (L)2]2+: evidence for exciton interactions in singlet metal-ligand charge-transfer states (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoselection studies of cis/trans isomers of [Ru(2,2'-bipyridine)2 (L)2]2+: evidence for exciton interactions in singlet metal-ligand charge-transfer statesM. L. Myrick, R. L. Blakley, and M. K. De ArmondCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 10, 3936–3940Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100347a015https://doi.org/10.1021/j100347a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Beryllium-sensitive nuclear protein kinases (1987)

Much effort has been spent over the last decade in producing so called "Machine Vision" systems for use in robotics, automated inspection, assembly and numerous other fields. Because of the large amount of data involved in an image (typically ¼ MByte) and the complexity of many algorithms used, the processing times required have been far in excess of real time on a VAX-class serial processor. We review a number of image understanding algorithms that compute a globally defined "state", and show that they may be computed using simple local operations that are suited to parallel implementation. In recent years, many massively parallel machines have been designed to apply local operations rapidly across an image. We review several vision machines. We develop an algebraic analysis of the performance of a vision machine and show that, contrary to the commonly-held belief, the time taken to relay images between serial streams can exceed by far the time spent processing. We proceed to investigate the roles that a variety of pipelining techniques might play. We then present three pipelined designs for vision, one of which has been built. This is a parallel pipelined bit slice convolution processor, capable of operating at video rates. This design is examined in detail, and its performance analysed in relation to the theoretical framework of the preceeding chapters. The construction and debugging of the device, which is now operational in its hardware is detailed.
Versuchsdurchführung (1980)

Die Versuche wurden an Materialien unterschiedlicher Herkunft, soweit erhältlich in chemisch reiner Form durchgeführt. Die eingesetzten Waschmittel waren handelsüblich, bzw. Wurden aus handelsüblichen Komponenten z. T. im Auftrag nach dem Heißsprühverfahren, z. T, in einem im Institut vorhandenen Nebelmischer hergestellt.
Energetics of Displacing Water Molecules from Protein Binding Sites: Consequences for Ligand Optimization (2009)

A strategy in drug design is to consider enhancing the affinity of lead molecules with structural modifications that displace water molecules from a protein binding site. Because success of the approach is uncertain, clarification of the associated energetics was sought in cases where similar structural modifications yield qualitatively different outcomes. Specifically, free-energy perturbation calculations were carried out in the context of Monte Carlo statistical mechanics simulations to investigate ligand series that feature displacement of ordered water molecules in the binding sites of scytalone dehydratase, p38-alphaMAP kinase, and EGFR kinase. The change in affinity for a ligand modification is found to correlate with the ease of displacement of the ordered water molecule. However, as in the EGFR example, the binding affinity may diminish if the free-energy increase due to the removal of the bound water molecule is not more than compensated by the additional interactions of the water-displacing moiety. For accurate computation of the effects of ligand modifications, a complete thermodynamic analysis is shown to be needed. It requires identification of the location of water molecules in the protein-ligand interface and evaluation of the free-energy changes associated with their removal and with the introduction of the ligand modification. Direct modification of the ligand in free-energy calculations is likely to trap the ordered molecule and provide misleading guidance for lead optimization.
Electrophysiologic properties of intercostal muscle fibers in human neuromuscular diseases (1979)

Electrophysiologic properties of biopsied normal and diseased intercostal muscle fibers were examined using intracellular microelectrode techniques. The resting potentials of all diseased muscle fibers were found to be depolarized. Those from Duchenne dystrophy patients showed the largest depolarization, followed by those from patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy, myotonia congenita, and motor neuron disease. All of the diseased fibers except those from myotonia congenita patients demonstrated an imparied ability to generate action potentials. In the latter fibers, the higher-than-normal membrane resistance was associated with hyperexcitability. When the membrane was hyperpolarized to the normal range, however, action potential characteristics in all fibers were near normal, except in motor neuron disease. All action potentials were blocked by tetrodotoxin. These findings--i.e., that all fibers were capable of generating action potentials when hyperpolarized, and that all action potentials were blocked by tetrodotoxin--suggest the relative intactness, in the disease studied here of the regenerative sodium conductance mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: New Route to 4‐Aminocyclopent‐2‐en‐1‐ols: Synthesis and Enantioselective Rearrangement of 4‐Amino‐substituted Cyclopentene Oxides. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermodynamic analysis of the gas phase reaction of Mg-doped GaN growth by HVPE using MgO (2020)

Abstract The halide vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) of Mg-doped GaN using solid MgO is investigated. Thermodynamic analysis of the reactions amongst MgO, HCl and N 2 is performed based on first-principles calculations. It is found that the equilibrium partial pressure of MgCl 2 is the highest amongst magnesium related molecules at 900 °C. By increasing the input partial pressure of HCl, the pressure of MgCl 2 is increased, which agrees well with recently reported experiments. From these results, it is concluded that MgCl 2 is the key molecule which plays the most important role for Mg-doping in fabricating p-type GaN using HVPE with MgO.
11 The Dog Genome: Sequence, Evolution, and Haplotype Structure (2006)

Man’s best animal friend occupies a very special niche in genomics. Canis familiaris is just the third fully sequenced mammalian genome and the first representative of a new major mammalian clade, Laurasiatheria. (Fig. 1) As is eloquently shown elsewhere in this book, dogs share many common genetic and acquired diseases with their human owners and also much of their environment. In addition, the unique breeding history of the domestic dog makes this species ideally suited for genetic studies. In 2001, an international consortium wrote a white paper and successfully petitioned the National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI) for the creation of a high-quality canine sequence to enhance canine disease-gene mapping and mammalian comparative genomics. Large-scale sequencing began in 2003, and, within a year, a high-quality draft sequence of the dog genome was made publicly available. The assembled dog sequence covers ~99% of the 2.4-Gb genome of a single female boxer. The remarkably high quality of the genome sequence, and the speed at which it was produced, reflected continuing improvements in sequencing and assembly technology since the initiation of the human genome sequence project, which took approximately 10 years to complete. In conjunction with the sequencing, approximately 2.1 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in the boxer, 10 additional breeds, and 5 other canids, forming the dense, genome-wide marker set necessary for disease-gene mapping and phylogenetic analyses. Both the genome and the extensive SNP set complement existing genetic resources in the dog community. The dog’s 38 chromosomes, most of which are...
Direct optimization of femtosecond laser ablation using adaptive wavefront shaping (2007)

We introduce an approach based on using an iterative simulated annealing algorithm to drive the outcome of femtosecond laser ablation towards a specific target shape by using a two-dimensional deformable mirror. Unlike previous work combining adaptive optics and laser machining we use the machining outcome itself as the fitness parameter for the optimization procedure. Single-pulse ablation features with programmable aspect ratios and dimensions as small as 2.5 µm are faithfully reproduced by the technique in a chromium-on-glass test sample.