gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Capacity-Share Controlled Information-Theoretic Sum Capacity of Reverse Link Single-Cell CDMA Systems (2007)

By controlling the pattern of transmission powers of the stations in a CDMA system, the aggregate capacity of the reverse link can be optimized. To make this problem practically applicable, appropriate constraints should be added to it. In previous research, bounds on transmission power, lower limit on signal to noise ratio, and maximum capacity of single stations plus a maximum bound on the aggregate transmission power of the system were considered. However, none of these constraints directly controls the capacity share of the single stations. Hence, the solution might exhibit a transmission power pattern in which, for example, one third of the whole capacity is given to a single station. This increases the probability of the base station depending massively on one station, resulting in a major loss when that station stops transmitting. In this paper, we introduce another constraint into the available set. This way, we reformulate the available problem by adding a maximum capacity share constraint to it and propose an algorithm for solving it. The paper includes mathematical analysis of the problem and experimental results.
Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation - the second round of challenges (2021)

Abstract Evaluating metagenomic software is key for optimizing metagenome interpretation and focus of the community-driven initiative for the Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation (CAMI). In its second challenge, CAMI engaged the community to assess their methods on realistic and complex metagenomic datasets with long and short reads, created from ∼1,700 novel and known microbial genomes, as well as ∼600 novel plasmids and viruses. Altogether 5,002 results by 76 program versions were analyzed, representing a 22x increase in results. Substantial improvements were seen in metagenome assembly, some due to using long-read data. The presence of related strains still was challenging for assembly and genome binning, as was assembly quality for the latter. Taxon profilers demonstrated a marked maturation, with taxon profilers and binners excelling at higher bacterial taxonomic ranks, but underperforming for viruses and archaea. Assessment of clinical pathogen detection techniques revealed a need to improve reproducibility. Analysis of program runtimes and memory usage identified highly efficient programs, including some top performers with other metrics. The CAMI II results identify current challenges, but also guide researchers in selecting methods for specific analyses.
Using Ranked Nodes to Model Qualitative Judgments in Bayesian Networks (2007)

Although Bayesian Nets (BNs) are increasingly being used to solve real world risk problems, their use is still constrained by the difficulty of constructing the node probability tables (NPTs). A key challenge is to construct relevant NPTs using the minimal amount of expert elicitation, recognising that it is rarely cost-effective to elicit complete sets of probability values. We describe a simple approach to defining NPTs for a large class of commonly occurring nodes (called ranked nodes). The approach is based on the doubly truncated Normal distribution with a central tendency that is invariably a type of weighted function of the parent nodes. In extensive real-world case studies we have found that this approach is sufficient for generating the NPTs of a very large class of nodes. We describe one such case study for validation purposes. The approach has been fully automated in a commercial tool, called AgenaRisk, and is thus accessible to all types of domain experts. We believe this work represents a useful contribution to BN research and technology since its application makes the difference between being able to build realistic BN models and not.
Molecular Vibrational Imaging by Coherent Raman Scattering (2020)

Raman scattering is an inelastic light scattering phenomenon involving the molecular vibration of substances that interact with light, providing the vibrational spectrum of molecules. It has been applied to biological microscopic imaging to acquire the spatial distribution of biomolecules. Coherent Raman scattering microscopy including coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy and stimulated Raman scattering microscopy allows for sensitive detection of molecular-vibrational signature of cells and tissues, and widens its range of applications to label-free imaging, metabolic imaging, and ultramultiplex or supermultiplex imaging. Hyperspectral imaging enables the discrimination of different molecules with a subtle difference in the vibrational spectrum and allows for a detailed analysis of biological samples. Consequently, the imaging speed is decreased by the number of modulation frequencies because the imaging bandwidth is limited by the spacing between neighboring modulation frequencies. For CARS imaging, the focal position with respect to the sample is scanned by laser scanning and/or stage scanning.
A constitutively activated form of the p110β isoform of PI3-kinase induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in mice (2010)

Recent work has shown that ablation of p110beta, but not p110alpha, markedly impairs tumorigenesis driven by loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) in the mouse prostate. Other laboratories have reported complementary data in human prostate tumor lines, suggesting that p110beta activation is necessary for tumorigenesis driven by PTEN loss. Given the multiple functions of PTEN, we wondered if p110beta activation also is sufficient for tumorigenesis. Here, we report that transgenic expression of a constitutively activated p110beta allele in the prostate drives prostate intraepithelial neoplasia formation. The resulting lesions are similar to, but are clearly distinct from, the ones arising from PTEN loss or Akt activation. Array analyses of transcription in multiple murine prostate tumor models featuring PI3K/AKT pathway activation allowed construction of a pathway signature that may be useful in predicting the prognosis of human prostate tumors.
<title>Real-time infrared test set: system design and development</title> (1997)

During the past several years, the technology for designing and fabricating thermal pixel arrays (TPAs) using silicon micromachined CMOS devices has been developed adequately to support the development of a real-time infrared test set (RTIR) for sensors and seekers. The TPA is a custom application-specific integrated circuit device that is fabricated using a low-cost commercial CMOS process. The system architecture and development of the initial RTIR Test Set is described. The RTIR is a compact, self-contained test instrument that is intended for test and evaluation of infrared systems in the field. In addition to the TPA, the RTIR contains projection optics and electronics which drive the TPA, provide TPA nonuniformity compensation, data translation, data transformation, and user interface. The RTIR can display internal test patterns (static and dynamic), external digital video data, and NTSC video. The initial RTIR unit incorporates a 64 X 64 TPA to provide flickerless infrared scenes at 30 frames per second. Additional TPAs are under development with formats of 128 X 128, 256 X 256, and 512 X 512 pixels.
Efficiently Creating 3D Training Data for Fine Hand Pose Estimation (2016)

While many recent hand pose estimation methods critically rely on a training set of labelled frames, the creation of such a dataset is a challenging task that has been overlooked so far. As a result, existing datasets are limited to a few sequences and individuals, with limited accuracy, and this prevents these methods from delivering their full potential. We propose a semi-automated method for efficiently and accurately labeling each frame of a hand depth video with the corresponding 3D locations of the joints: The user is asked to provide only an estimate of the 2D reprojections of the visible joints in some reference frames, which are automatically selected to minimize the labeling work by efficiently optimizing a sub-modular loss function. We then exploit spatial, temporal, and appearance constraints to retrieve the full 3D poses of the hand over the complete sequence. We show that this data can be used to train a recent state-of-the-art hand pose estimation method, leading to increased accuracy.
Flow and force inducement using micron size dielectric barrier discharge actuators (2012)

Micron size dielectric barrier discharge actuators, designed for minimal footprint area and weight penalty, show a wall jet up to 2.0 m/s consuming 15 W/m of electrode. A torsional balance measures force up to 3 mN/m of electrode and demonstrates equivalent “thrust effectiveness” (induced force/power) to macroscale actuators. Compared with reported macroscale data, the microscale actuator shows a 31% increase in energy conversion efficiency. Per unit actuator mass, both the force and the velocity induced by microscale actuators show an order of magnitude (22.1 and 18.5 times, respectively) increase over macroscale actuators, making them suitable for distributed flow control applications.
Control of Micro‐Particles with Liquid Crystals (2021)

This chapter deals with the dynamics of living and inanimate micro-particles controlled by a liquid crystal (LC) environment. It discusses the broad theme of electrically controlled dynamics of fluids and particles at microscales, covering the subjects of nonlinear LC-enabled electrophoresis (LCEP) and LC-enabled electro-osmosis (LCEO) driven by a uniform electric field. The chapter discusses various potential applications of liquid crystal-enabled electrokinetics, such as microscale sorting and guided transport. Electrokinetic phenomena are typically explored when the carrier medium represents an isotropic aqueous electrolyte. The LCEO flows can be triggered without involvement of any colloidal particles. The LCEP mechanism can be combined with other effects to impact dynamics of colloidal particles. As a result, LCEP and LCEO impose little limitations on the properties of the particles and interfaces. Since the velocities grow as the square of the electric field, both LCEP and LCEO can be driven by an AC electric field.
Isolated Fe(III)–O Sites Catalyze the Hydrogenation of Acetylene in Ethylene Flows under Front-End Industrial Conditions (2018)

The search for simple, earth-abundant, cheap, and nontoxic metal catalysts able to perform industrial hydrogenations is a topic of interest, transversal to many catalytic processes. Here, we show that isolated Fe<sup>III</sup>-O sites on solids are able to dissociate and chemoselectively transfer H<sub>2</sub> to acetylene in an industrial process. For that, a novel, robust, and highly crystalline metal-organic framework (MOF), embedding Fe<sup>III</sup>-OH<sub>2</sub> single sites within its pores, was prepared in multigram scale and used as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogenation of 1% acetylene in ethylene streams under front-end conditions. Cutting-edge X-ray crystallography allowed the resolution of the crystal structure and snapshotted the single-atom nature of the catalytic Fe<sup>III</sup>-O site. Translation of the active site concept to even more robust and inexpensive titania and zirconia supports enabled the industrially relevant hydrogenation of acetylene with similar activity to the Pd-catalyzed process.
Line-Tension-Based Modification of Young's Equation for Rock/Oil/Brine Systems (2009)

Summary The two-century-old Young's equation has been widely used in petroleum engineering to depict the reservoir wettability in terms of contact angle, which is a function of surface free energies of the system. For solid/liquid/vapor (S/L/V) systems, Young's equation has been modified in the recent literature to include a line-tension term. This modification was sought to accommodate the imbalance of intermolecular forces experienced by the three-phase confluence zone. Also, Young's equation does not account for the vertical component of liquid/vapor surface tension. The present study aims to experimentally investigate the applicability of the line-tension-based modification of Young's equation to solid/liquid/liquid (rock/ oil/brine) (S/L/L) systems of interest to the petroleum industry. Both the ambient- and reservoir-condition optical cells were used, with stock-tank and live oil, respectively, to determine the drop-size dependence of dynamic contact angle subtended by the oil/brine interface with the rock surface. The experimental data were correlated with the modified Young's equation to determine the magnitude of line tension for different rock/oil/brine systems. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to apply the modified Young's equation to rock/oil/brine systems and to measure line tension for a rock/live-crude-oil/brine system at reservoir conditions of pressure and temperature. The measured line tension for S/L/L systems, while being positive and of the same order of magnitude as in S/L/V systems, correlates well with the water-advancing contact angle and the adhesion number, a ratio of adhesion force to capillary force. This experimental study indicates that the extent of deviation from Young's equation exhibited by rock/oil/brine systems may be directly related to the rock/oil adhesion interaction. This study reinforces the need to include the rock/oil adhesion force in our consideration of rock/fluid interactions, wettability, and their impact on enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR)/improved-oil-recovery (IOR) processes.
Histone deacetylase 11 is an epigenetic regulator of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte effector function and memory formation (P1404) (2013)

Abstract The roles of individual histone deacetylases in the regulation of T-cell development and function remain largely unknown. Here we provide evidence for HDAC11 as an epigenetic regulator of T-cell inflammatory response as well as CTL central memory formation. To investigate the role of HDAC11 in T-cells, an HDAC11 knockout (HDAC11KO) mouse model was utilized. HDAC11KO mice display no gross phenotypic abnormalities and no alterations in T-cell development or CD4+/CD8+ population distributions. However, HDAC11KO CTLs are hyper-proliferative and secrete significantly higher levels of IL-2, TNF, and IFN-γ upon activation, and HDAC11KO mice accumulate higher percentages of central memory CTLs. In an allogeneic bone marrow transfer model, HDAC11KO T-cells mediate more potent and robust graft vs host disease associated with increased inflammatory cytokines. Mechanistically, we provide evidence that in CTLs HDAC11 interacts with the Eomes gene promoter, a known regulator of IFN-γ production and memory formation. HDAC11KO CTLs, at both basal state and post stimulation, display higher levels of acetylation at the Eomes promoter, indicative of a permissive transcriptional state. Correspondingly, eomes mRNA levels in HDAC11KO cells are elevated. Finally, chromatin immunoprecipitation of HDAC11 reveals interaction between HDAC11 and the Eomes promoter in CTLs. These results support HDAC11 as an epigenetic regulator of CTL function and memory formation through epigenetic regulation of Eomes.
High-Performance Triangular Miniaturized-LEDs for High Current and Power Density Applications (2021)

This work proposes an effective electrode length model and reveals for the first time the relationship between this model and the mesa shape effect. On the basis of this model, we demonstrate high-performance triangular miniaturized-LEDs (mini-LEDs) and benchmark to the conventional square, and circular shapes of the same mesa area. Here, we systematically study the impact of shaping in mini-LEDs both theoretically and experimentally, which is fundamentally different than that of the conventional regular-sized LEDs. We find that, at the current level of 200 mA, the triangular mini-LEDs deliver an enhancement of 36.4% in the optical output power and a decrease of 9.6% for the forward voltage compared to the commonly used square ones, and also an enhancement of 24.6% in the optical output power and a decrease of 14.3% for the forward voltage compared to the circular ones. The superior optical performance is proved to result from longer effective n-electrode length in the case of the triangular mini-LEDs, which suppresses the self-heating effect and thus well preserves the internal quantum efficiency, whereas the light extraction efficiency and the heat dissipation for the triangular shape are not significantly increased for such small mesa sizes, unlike conventional broad-area LEDs. Meanwhile, the reduced voltage is revealed to stem from the decreased n-GaN resistance. Different than conventional LEDs, these findings therefore indicate that the effective n-electrode length matters substantially for the miniaturized-LEDs.
Chaos in a good-cavity single-mode dye laser due to turbulent dye flow (1987)

Experimental results are presented that demonstrate that the light intensity of a good-cavity single-mode standing-wave dye laser can exhibit chaotic behavior. The governing attractor is of dimensionality 6.5 and entropy 50 kbits/sec. An examination of the pump-laser beam before and after its interaction with the dye indicates that the chaos is probably due to the turbulent flow of dye within the dye cell. This interpretation is confirmed by the absence of chaos in two similar dye lasers that use a dye jet rather than a dye cell.
Resonant frequency variations in a piezoelectric microcantilever sensor under varying operational conditions (2012)

The dependence of the resonant frequency of a piezoelectric microcantilever sensor (PEMS) on electrostatic discharge (ESD), oscillating voltage, dc bias and time was measured from its electrical response. Linear and nonlinear characteristics of the PEMS were analyzed using a lumped parameter model. In particular, the Duffing model-a nonlinear phenomenological model-was adopted to analyze the effects of varying oscillating voltage. The results showed that the ESD can produce a variation in resonant frequency, but can be prevented by earth grounding. In addition, an increase in the oscillating voltage led to a decrease in the resonant frequency owing to the nonlinear spring effect. The resonant frequency exhibited hysteretic behavior with varying dc bias and increased with time. The resonant frequency changed by approximately 18.5 kHz when the oscillating voltage was increased from 0.05 V to 1 V, approximately 9 kHz when the dc bias voltage was increased from 0 V to 20 V and approximately 3.062 kHz over 12 h owing to time drift. The time drift over a period of 30 min remarkably reduced from approximately 0.09% to 0.0049% after a stabilizing time period of approximately 6 h.
Piecewise digital control method for DC-DC converter (2005)

A piecewise digital control method is presented in this paper to improve the converter characteristics especially the efficiency. By combining more than one control method or/and compensators in a single converter controller, improved performance may be achieved. Piecewise control opens the possibility of combining advantages of different control schemes and preventing or minimizing their disadvantages. In this paper, by combining the asymmetric control and the duty-cycle-shifted control in a new piecewise control scheme, the performance and efficiency of half-bridge DC-DC converter with high switching frequency and wide input voltage range can be improved, without adding additional components. The proposed control is theoretically analyzed and its implementation considerations are discussed. Experimental results are also presented.
Estimating data-dependent jitter of a general LTI system from step response (2005)

We present a method for estimating data dependent jitter (DDJ) introduced by a general LTI system, based on the system's step response. A perturbation technique is used to generalize the analytical expression for DDJ. Different scales of DDJ are defined that characterize the probability distribution of jitter. In particular, we identify a dominant prior bit that signifies the well-known distribution of DDJ, the two impulse functions. We also highlight that system bandwidth is not a complete measure for predicting DDJ. We verify our generalized analytical expression of DDJ experimentally and show that estimation errors are less than 7.5%.
The red DRAGON: a multi-modality system for simulation and training in minimally invasive surgery. (2007)

With the development of new technologies in surgery, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has drastically improved the way conventional medical procedures are performed. However, a new learning curve has resulted requiring an expertise in integrating visual information with the kinematics and dynamics of the surgical tools. The Red DRAGON is a multi-modal simulator for teaching and training MIS procedures allowing one to use it with several modalities including: simulator (physical objects and virtual objects) and an animal model. The Red DRAGON system is based on a serial spherical mechanism in which all the rotation axes intersect at a single point (remote center) allowing the endoscopic tools to pivot around the MIS port. The system includes two mechanisms that incorporate two interchangeable MIS tools. Sensors are incorporated into the mechanism and the tools measure the positions and orientations of the surgical tools as well as forces and torques applied on the tools by the surgeon. The design is based on a mechanism optimization to maximize the manipulability of the mechanism in the MIS workspace. As part of a preliminary experimental protocol, five expert level surgeons performed three laparoscopic tasks--a subset of the Fundamental Laparoscopic Skill (FLS) set as a baseline for skill assessment protocols. The results provide an insight into the kinematics and dynamics of the endoscopic tools, as the underlying measures for objectively assessing MIS skills.
Known plaintext attack on double random phase encoding using fingerprint as key and a method for avoiding the attack (2010)

We have shown that the application of double random phase encoding (DRPE) to biometrics enables the use of biometrics as cipher keys for binary data encryption. However, DRPE is reported to be vulnerable to known-plaintext attacks (KPAs) using a phase recovery algorithm. In this study, we investigated the vulnerability of DRPE using fingerprints as cipher keys to the KPAs. By means of computational experiments, we estimated the encryption key and restored the fingerprint image using the estimated key. Further, we propose a method for avoiding the KPA on the DRPE that employs the phase retrieval algorithm. The proposed method makes the amplitude component of the encrypted image constant in order to prevent the amplitude component of the encrypted image from being used as a clue for phase retrieval. Computational experiments showed that the proposed method not only avoids revealing the cipher key and the fingerprint but also serves as a sufficiently accurate verification system.
Capillary interconnect device (2023)

A manifold for connecting external capillaries to the inlet and/or outlet ports of a microfluidic device for high pressure applications is provided. The fluid connector for coupling at least one fluid conduit to a corresponding port of a substrate that includes: (i) a manifold comprising one or more channels extending therethrough wherein each channel is at least partially threaded, (ii) one or more threaded ferrules each defining a bore extending therethrough with each ferrule supporting a fluid conduit wherein each ferrule is threaded into a channel of the manifold, (iii) a substrate having one or more ports on its upper surface wherein the substrate is positioned below the manifold so that the one or more ports is aligned with the one or more channels of the manifold, and (iv) means for applying an axial compressive force to the substrate to couple the one or more ports of the substrate to a corresponding proximal end of a fluid conduit.