gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Patients with Premenstrual Syndrome Have a Different Sensitivity to a Neuroactive Steroid during the Menstrual Cycle Compared to Control Subjects (1998)

We have evaluated the functional sensitivity to a neuroactive steroid in 12 women with and 12 women without premenstrual syndrome (PMS) at two stages of the menstrual cycle, by comparing the effects of three increasing doses of intravenous pregnanolone (3alpha-hydroxy-5beta-pregnan-20-one) on saccadic eye velocity (SEV) and self-rated sedation. Control subjects in the follicular and luteal phase showed a significant reduction in SEV after pregnanolone injections compared to vehicle. In PMS patients, pregnanolone injections induced a significant dose-related decrease in SEV compared to vehicle only in the follicular phase, not in the luteal phase. After pregnanolone injections, sedation scores increased significantly from vehicle among control subjects in the luteal phase but not among PMS patients in either cycle phase. High-severity PMS patients responded with less decrease in SEV and less increase in sedation scores following pregnanolone injections compared to low-severity patients. Control subjects increased their SEV response to pregnanolone in the luteal phase compared to the follicular phase, whereas PMS patients did not. These findings are compatible with a decreased GABAA-receptor sensitivity in brain areas controlling saccadic eye movements among PMS patients in the late luteal phase.
Identification of 2‐Acylaminothiophene‐3‐carboxamides as Potent Inhibitors of FLT3. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Combinatorial Approach to Threshold Schemes (1988)

We investigate the combinatorial properties of threshold schemes. Informally, a $( t,w )$-threshold scheme is a way of distributing partial information (shadows) to w participants, so that any t of them can easily calculate a key, but no subset of fewer than t participants can determine the key. Our interest is in perfect threshold schemes: no subset of fewer than t participants can determine any partial information regarding the key. We give a combinatorial characterization of a certain type of perfect threshold scheme. We also investigate the maximum number of keys that a perfect $( t,w )$-threshold scheme can incorporate, as a function of $t,w$, and the total number of possible shadows, $v $. This maximum can be attained when there is a Steiner system $S( t,w,v )$ that can be partitioned into Steiner systems $S ( t - 1,w,v )$. Using known constructions for such Steiner systems, we present two new classes of perfect threshold schemes, and discuss their implementation.
Mimicking of Cerebral Autoregulation by Flow‐Dependent Cerebrovascular Resistance: A Feasibility Study (2012)

Understanding circulatory autoregulation is essential for improving physiological control of rotary blood pumps and support conditions during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Cerebral autoregulation (CAR), arguably the most critical, is the body's intrinsic ability to maintain sufficient cerebral blood flow (CBF) despite changes in aortic perfusion pressure. It is therefore imperative to include this mechanism into computational fluid dynamics (CFD), particle image velocimetry (PIV), or mock circulation loop (MCL) studies. Without such inclusions, potential losses of CBF are overestimated. In this study, a mathematical model to mimic CAR is implemented in a MCL- and PIV-validated CFD model. A three-dimensional model of the human vascular system was created from magnetic resonance imaging records. Numerical flow simulations were performed for physiological conditions and CPB. The inlet flow was varied between 4.5 and 6 L/min. Arterial outlets were modeled using vessel-specific, flow-dependent cerebrovascular resistances (CVRs), resulting in a variation of the pressure drop between 0 and 80mmHg. CBF is highly dependent on the level of CAR during CPB. By varying the CVR parameters up to the beginning of plateau phase, it can be regulated between 0 and 80% of physiological CBF. So while implementing autoregulation, CBF remains unchanged during a simulated native cardiac output of 5L/min or CPB support of 6L/min. Neglecting CAR, constant backflow from the brain occurs for some cannula positions. Using flow-dependent CVR, CBF returns to its baseline at a rate of recovery of 0.25s. Results demonstrate that modeling of CAR by flow-dependent CVR delivers feasible results. The presented method can be used to optimize physiological control of assist devices dependent upon different levels of CAR representing different patients.
Virtual Observation System for Earth System Model: An Application to ACME Land Model Simulations (2017)

Investigating and evaluating physical-chemical-biological processes within an Earth system model (EMS) can be very challenging due to the complexity of both model design and software implementation. A virtual observation system (VOS) is presented to enable interactive observation of these processes during system simulation. Based on advance computing technologies, such as compiler-based software analysis, automatic code instrumentation, and high-performance data transport, the VOS provides run-time observation capability, in-situ data analytics for Earth system model simulation, model behavior adjustment opportunities through simulation steering. A VOS for a terrestrial land model simulation within the Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy model is also presented to demonstrate the implementation details and system innovations.
Fiber-Optic Fabry-Perot Interferometer and its Sensor Applications (1982)

Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers using monomode fibers are fabricated and their basic properties of finesse, polarization, and thermal response are studied. Fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometers are applied to the sensors of temperature, mechanical vibration, acoustic wave including human voice, ac voltage, and ac and dc magnetic fields. It has been demonstrated that a fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer can simplify the interferometric fiber sensor sys-tem and that high measurement sensitivity can be obtained by using a high-finesse and/or long-distance fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer.
Mouse femoral intramedullary injection model: Technique and microCT scan validation (2007)

The murine femoral intramedullary injection model is frequently used to examine the in vivo effects of biomaterials or cancer cells. The surgical technique includes a knee arthrotomy with patellar dislocation for intramedullary access. This study examined a less invasive surgical approach of direct injection of particles via the transpatellar tendon without patellar dislocation. By using polymethylmethacrylate injection and microCT scan, we found that, compared with the traditional technique, this new approach was more reproducible, less time consuming, and achieved identical volumes of intramedullary injections. Animal morbidity and the biomechanics of the joints were also improved as a result of the simplified procedure. Furthermore, our study suggested that an intramedullary volume in excess of 10 microL can lead to major vascular filling and so should be avoided.
Topological acoustic polaritons: robust sound manipulation at the subwavelength scale (2017)

Topological insulators, a hallmark of condensed matter physics, have recently reached the classical realm of acoustic waves. A remarkable property of time-reversal invariant topological insulators is the presence of unidirectional spin-polarized propagation along their edges, a property that could lead to a wealth of new opportunities in the ability to guide and manipulate sound. Here, we demonstrate and study the possibility to induce topologically non-trivial acoustic states at the deep subwavelength scale, in a structured two-dimensional metamaterial composed of Helmholtz resonators. Radically different from previous designs based on non- resonant sonic crystals, our proposal enables robust sound manipulation on a surface along predefined, subwavelength pathways of arbitrary shapes.
Identification of druggable inhibitory immune checkpoints on Natural Killer cells in COVID-19 (2020)

International audience
Aqueous cinnamon extract ameliorates bowel dysfunction and enteric 5-HT synthesis in IBS rats (2023)

Cinnamon protects against irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) in humans, but its efficacy and underlying mechanism of action remain poorly understood. Maternally separated (MS) IBS-D rat model and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced post-inflammatory IBS-D rat model are characterized by visceral hyperalgesia and diarrhea. This study used the two models to evaluate the effect of cinnamon extract (CE) on bowel symptoms. The MS rat model was also used to explore its underlying anti-IBS mechanism. cinnamon extract reduced defecation frequency and visceral hyperalgesia in MS rats in a dose-dependent manner and effectively improved visceral hyperalgesia in TNBS rats. The efficacy of cinnamon extract was comparable to the positive drug serotonin receptor 3 (5-HT3) selective antagonist, Ramosetron. Excessive 5-HT, a well-known pathogenic factor for IBS, in the colon and circulation of IBS rats was reduced after cinnamon extract intervention. Both, gene and protein levels of the colonic 5-HT synthetase, Tryptophan Hydroxylase 1 (Tph1), were also decreased in CE-treated IBS rats. In addition, a luciferase assay revealed that cinnamon extract and its major components, catechin, procyanidin B1/2, cinnamic acid, and cinnamyl alcohol, significantly inhibited <i>Tph1</i> transcription activity <i>in vitro</i>. These findings illustrated that aqueous cinnamon extract partially attenuated bowel symptoms in IBS models by directly inhibiting Tph1 expression and controlling 5-HT synthesis. This provides a scientific viewpoint for the use of cinnamon as a folk medication to treat IBS.
ChemInform Abstract: Systematic Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of α‐L‐ Arabinofuranosyl and 2′‐Deoxy‐α‐L‐erythro‐pentofuranosyl Nucleosides of the Five Naturally Occurring Nucleic Acid Bases (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Magnetic Targeted Delivery of Dexamethasone Acetate Across the Round Window Membrane in Guinea Pigs (2012)

Superparamagnetic PLGA-magnetite-Dex-Ac nanoparticles under an external magnetic field (0.26 mT) for 1 hour significantly increased Dex-Ac delivery to the inner ear. The RWM was not completely permeated and also became loaded with nanocomposites, indicating that delivery to the cochlea would continue for weeks by PLGA degradation and passive diffusion.
A transformation-associated complex involving tyrosine kinase signal adapter proteins and caldesmon links v-ErbB signaling to actin stress fiber disassembly (1997)

The avian erythroblastosis viral oncogene (v-erbB) encodes a receptor tyrosine kinase that possesses sarcomagenic and leukemogenic potential. We have expressed transforming and nontransforming mutants of v-erbB in fibroblasts to detect transformation-associated signal transduction events. Coimmunoprecipitation and affinity chromatography have been used to identify a transformation-associated, tyrosine phosphorylated, multiprotein complex. This complex consists of Src homologous collagen protein (Shc), growth factor receptor binding protein 2 (Grb2), son of sevenless (Sos), and a novel tyrosine phosphorylated form of the cytoskeletal regulatory protein caldesmon. Immunofluorescence localization studies further reveal that, in contrast to the distribution of caldesmon along actin stress fibers in normal fibroblasts, caldesmon colocalizes with Shc in plasma membrane blebs in transformed fibroblasts. This colocalization of caldesmon and Shc correlates with actin stress fiber disassembly and v-erbB-mediated transformation. The tyrosine phosphorylation of caldesmon, and its association with the Shc-Grb2-Sos signaling complex directly links tyrosine kinase oncogenic signaling events with cytoskeletal regulatory processes, and may define one mechanism regulating actin stress fiber disassembly in transformed cells.
Suppression of YAG phase formation in YAP:Ce pellets (2014)

It is difficult to obtain the pure YAP phase in YAP:Ce pellets synthesized by solid-state reaction at high temperature (up to 1500°C), because a small amount of YAG (Y <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sub> ):Ce tends to form, resulting in additional emission and degrading the scintillation performance. We attempted three methods to suppress the formation of this YAG phase: a) codoping with Ca, B and Ba, b) adding Ba and F compounds as flux, and c) adding excess Y. The presence or absence of a YAG phase in the YAP pellets was determined by photoluminescence (PL), radioluminescence (RL) and reflectivity spectra. The most significant suppression of the YAG phase was achieved by adding 10% excess Y, after which the YAG emission peak was nearly completely suppressed in the RL and PL spectra, and no YAG phase absorbance was found in reflectivity spectra compared to stoichiometric YAP pellets.
Science-Based Advancement of Materials for Hydrogen Technologies (H-Mat: Polymers) . (2022)

Abstract not provided.
Activation of the Mercury Laser: A diode-pumped solid-state laser driver for inertial fusion (2001)

Initial measurements are reported for the Mercury laser system, a scalable driver for rep-rated high energy density physics research. The performance goals include 10% electrical efficiency at 10 Hz and 100 J with a 2-10 ns pulse length. This laser is an angularly multiplexed 4-pass gas-cooled amplifier system based on image relaying to minimize wavefront distortion and optical damage risk at the 10 Hz operating point. The efficiency requirements are fulfilled using diode laser pumping of ytterbium doped strontium fluorapatite crystals.
Pedometers for Measuring Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents (2020)

Pedometers are commonly used for measuring physical activity in child and adolescent populations because they are relatively robust, easy to use, require no initialization prior to use, and provide an easily interpretable measure in a standard metric. Over the last 20 years, objective monitoring technology has rapidly advanced, leading to an abundance of activity monitors. Although pedometers have commonly been used to objectively measure youth, there are no standardized protocols for using pedometers in child and adolescent populations. Since 2010, there has also been the development of commercially available pedometers some of which provide instant digital feedback of step counts via a small screen on the monitor, a computer program, or a smartphone application. Pedometer-determined step counts represent a fundamental unit of human activity. Pedometers have emerged as a popular and convenient tool for measuring physical activity in youth due to their feasibility, reliability, and validity.
Effect of process parameters on the weld quality in laser welding of AZ31B magnesium alloy in lap joint configuration (2013)

Magnesium is the lightest structural metal; therefore it has been used in a variety of industries such as automotive, aerospace, electronics and defense. Among different joining processes, laser welding is advantageous due to its low heat input, high depth-to-width weld ratio and good mechanical properties. In this study, a fiber laser is used to weld AZ31B magnesium alloy in a lap joint configuration. Pores were formed in the weld bead that are caused by a thick oxide layer existing on the surface of as-received AZ31B samples. Process parameters including laser power and welding speed are studied to determine their effects on pore formation and maximum lap-shear load of the weld bead. Hardness and tensile tests are carried out to reveal the mechanical properties of the weld bead. A regression analysis is performed that establishes a mathematical relation between the process parameters and the weld maximum lap-shear load. Three regression models are compared in order to determine their accuracy in prediction of the maximum lap-shear load and results revealed that the linear model could best predict the maximum lap-shear load by process parameters.
Minimally Invasive Thyroid Surgery for Single Nodules: An Evidence‐based Review of the Lateral Mini‐incision Technique (2008)

MITS has demonstrated advantages over conventional open approaches for both hemi- and total thyroidectomy and the benefits do not depend on the open or video-assisted approach. For thyroid lobectomies, the lateral mini-incision approach can be performed with an operative time and postoperative complication profile equivalent to conventional hemi-thyroidectomy while providing excellent cosmesis with a 2-3 cm scar.
Development of a Miniaturized Heart-Lung Machine for Neonates With Congenital Heart Defect (2008)

Predominantly, standard adult heart lung machines are used for pediatric cardiac surgery, only with individually downsized components. Downsizing is limited, e.g., by the required gas exchange surface. To diminish complications, we developed a new miniaturized heart lung machine (MiniHLM) for neonates, with significantly reduced priming volume and blood contact surface by integration of all major system components in one single device. In particular, a rotary blood pump is centrically integrated into the oxygenator and the cardiotomy reservoir with integrated heat exchanger is directly connected. Thus, tubing is only necessary between patient and MiniHLM. A total priming volume of 102 ml could be achieved for the entire extracorporeal circuit (including arterial/venous line), in contrast to the currently smallest device on the market with 213 ml. In first animal experiments with female New Zealand rabbits, the MiniHLM guaranteed both a sufficient gas exchange and an adequate blood flow; 12 rabbits could successfully be weaned off after 1 hour of aortic clamp time. The first in vitro and in vivo tests confirm the concept of the MiniHLM. Its low priming volume and blood contact surface may significantly reduce complications during heart surgery in neonates.
Improved MPEG-2 Audio Multi-Channel Encoding (1994)

The MPEG-2 Audio standard defines multi-channel extensions to the MPEG-1 standard. Up to five full audio band width channels plus sub woofer channel and up to seven additional multi lingual channels are defined in the transmission format. However, due to the backward compatibility to MPEG-1, the overall bit rate which is available for all these channels is limited. On simpler systems a tradeoff between the number of channels and the audio quality is necessary. This paper describes an advanced MPEG-2 multi-channel system based on MPEG Audio Layer III.
π- and σ-Diazo Radical Cations:  Electronic and Molecular Structure of a Chemical Chameleon (1999)

Diphenyldiazomethane (2) and its 15N2, 13C, and D10 isotopomers, as well as the C(Me)2 and CH2CH2 bridged derivatives, 9-diazo-9,10-dihydro-10,10-dimethylanthracene (3) and 5-diazo-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cycloheptene (4), are ionized by electrolytic and chemical oxidation in fluid solution and by γ-irradiation in Freon matrices. Depending on the experimental conditions of these reactions, two distinct species which correspond to π- and σ-radical states of the diazo radical cations are observed by optical and ESR spectroscopy. They drastically differ in their color, hyperfine pattern, and photostability. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the experimentally found energetic proximity of the two states is not an intrinsic property of the diaryldiazo radical cations, but it must be due to some unidentified solvent (and/or counterion) effects acting to preferentially stabilize the σ-states by about 1 eV.
Optical self-oscillatory medium based on a Fabry–Perot interferometer (1992)

An experimental demonstration is reported of the feasibility of using an MIS–liquid crystal cell inside a Fabry–Perot interferometer as a self-oscillatory medium for the transmission of excitations in the form of traveling pulses. It is shown that the processes in such an active medium are similar to self-oscillatory processes in the Belousov–Zhabotinskii reaction.
p -channel thin-film transistor using p-type oxide semiconductor, SnO (2008)

This paper reports that among known p-type oxide semiconductors, tin monoxide (SnO) has a high hole mobility and produces good p-type oxide thin-film transistors (TFTs). Device-quality SnO films were grown epitaxially on (001) yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates at 575°C by pulsed laser deposition. These exhibited a Hall mobility of 2.4cm2V−1s−1 at room temperature. Top-gated TFTs, using epitaxial SnO channels, exhibited field-effect mobilities of 1.3cm2V−1s−1, on/off current ratios of ∼102, and threshold voltages of 4.8V.
Rational Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Benzoxazinones as Novel Factor Xa Inhibitors (2000)

Inappropriate thrombus formation within blood vessels is the leading cause of mortality in the industrialized world. Factor Xa (FXa) is a trypsin-like serine protease that plays a key role in the blood coagulation cascade and represents an attractive target for anticoagulant drug development. From a high-throughput in vitro mass screen of our chemical library, we identified 4-[5-[(2R,6S)-2, 6-dimethyltetrahydro-1(2H)-pyridinyl]pentyl]-2-phenyl-2H-1, 4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (1a) as an inhibitor of FXa with an IC(50) of 27 microM. Through a combination of SAR studies and molecular modeling, we synthesized 3-(4-[5-[(2R,6S)-2, 6-dimethyltetrahydro-1(2H)-pyridinyl]pentyl]-3-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H- 1,4-benzoxazin-2-yl)-1-benzenecarboximidamide (1n) which was a potent FXa inhibitor with an IC(50) of 3 nM. This compound exhibited high selectivity for FXa over other related serine proteases and was efficacious when dosed intravenously in rabbit and dog antithrombotic models.
Characterization of the effects of the novel non‐steroidal antiestrogen EM‐800 on basal and estrogen‐induced proliferation of T‐47D, ZR‐75‐1 and MCF‐7 human breast cancer cells in vitro (1997)

Since estrogens play a predominant role in the development and growth of human breast cancer, antiestrogens represent a logical approach to the treatment of this disease. The present study compares the effects of the novel non-steroidal anti-estrogen EM-800 and related compounds with those of a series of anti-estrogens on basal and 17β-estradiol (E2)-induced cell proliferation in human breast cancer cell lines. In the absence of added E2, EM-800 and related compounds failed to change basal cell proliferation, thus showing the absence of intrinsic estrogenic activity in the ER-positive T-47D, ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 cell lines. The stimulation of T-47D cell proliferation induced by 0.1 nM E2 was competitively blocked by a simultaneous incubation with EM-652, EM-800, OH-tamoxifen, OH-toremifene, ICI 182780, ICI 164384, droloxifene, tamoxifen and toremifene at apparent Ki values of 0.015, 0.011–0.017, 0.040–0.054, 0.043, 0.044, 0.243 and 0.735 nM, approx. 10 nM and >10 nM, respectively. Similar data were obtained in ZR-75-1 and/or MCF-7 cells. Moreover, EM-652 was 6-fold more potent than OH-Tamoxifen in inhibiting the proportion of cycling MCF-7 cells. Our data show that EM-800 and EM-652 are the most potent known antiestrogens in human breast cancer cells in vitro and that they are devoid of the estrogenic activity of OH-tamoxifen and droloxifene suggested by stimulation of cell growth in the absence of estrogens in ZR-75-1 and MCF-7 cells. Int. J. Cancer 73:104–112, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.