gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GPR RESULTS FROM A ROMAN-ERA VILLA SITE IN VACONE, ITALY (2013)

Results are presented from a 500 MHz common-offset ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey of an ongoing excavation of a Roman villa site in Vacone, a village in central Italy. The villa itself dates to the Republican and Imperial periods (ca. 100 BC to AD 100), with some evident later occupation and use (traces of what seems to be viticulture and at least one human burial). The study area consists of a flat ∼50 m2 area bound by two previously excavated criptoportici (underground porticoes built from ancient Roman concrete) which run parallel to each other in roughly northerly and southerly lines. Partial excavation took place in the area between the criptoportici, off the edge of the south criptoportico in July 2012. Several rooms with partly preserved mosaic floors were unearthed, as well as threshold blocks, lower courses of walls for each room, and fragments of painted and sculpted wall plaster. Data were collected over the study area on a 1 m grid prior to excavation. The data depict strong ringing effects that initially limited interpretation of GPR results. However, after appropriate processing, the radargrams reveal strong reflections that correspond well to excavated mosaic floors identified at approximately 1 m depth. Using ground truth information as a starting point, the position of buried features were extrapolated using GPR data. GPR offers unique opportunities in archeological prospection, and can save significant time and cost during excavations. However, GPR is limited in its ability to uniquely identify features of interest, and its success is heavily influenced by site conditions. To increase the utility of the GPR data, future efforts at this site will focus on (1) ground-truthing reflection events, (2) gathering electromagnetic velocity and attenuation information on soil materials, and (3) collecting magnetometry data.
Structural coordination between active sites of a CRISPR reverse transcriptase-integrase complex (2021)

CRISPR-Cas systems provide adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea, beginning with integration of foreign sequences into the host CRISPR genomic locus and followed by transcription and maturation of CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs). In some CRISPR systems, a reverse transcriptase (RT) fusion to the Cas1 integrase and Cas6 maturase creates a single protein that enables concerted sequence integration and crRNA production. To elucidate how the RT-integrase organizes distinct enzymatic activities, we present the cryo-EM structure of a Cas6-RT-Cas1-Cas2 CRISPR integrase complex. The structure reveals a heterohexamer in which the RT directly contacts the integrase and maturase domains, suggesting functional coordination between all three active sites. Together with biochemical experiments, our data support a model of sequential enzymatic activities that enable CRISPR sequence acquisition from RNA and DNA substrates. These findings highlight an expanded capacity of some CRISPR systems to acquire diverse sequences that direct CRISPR-mediated interference.
Children hospitalized with influenza during the 2006-2007 season : a report from the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program, Active (IMPACT) (2016)

Influenza infection is common among children and is associated with significant morbidity. Although the majority of children with influenza infection present with respiratory symptoms and fever, influenza can cause central nervous system (CNS), cardiac, renal or hepatic complications(1-7). During infl uenza season, the rate of hospitalization for cardiorespiratory illness in healthy young children, especially those &lt; 6 months of age, approaches that of high-risk adults(8-10). The burden of influenza infection is greatest in the youngest children; recent studies have reported hospitalization rates attributable to laboratory-confirmed-influenza in healthy children of 2.5 to 4.5 per 1,000 in children &lt; 6 months of age and 0.9 to 1.2 per 1,000 in those aged 6 to 23 months (11-16).
Generating code for a hypothetical computer using a production assembler (1977)

Abstract Production assemblers are often thought of as being useful only for generating machine code from a symbolic assembly language delivered with the system. Most production assemblers that have a macro capability can be used to create an assembler for an arbitrary target machine through the use of the technique discussed in this short communication. This approach has the advantages of quick construction, easy modification and a resulting assembler for the target machine that is nearly as powerful as the original production assembler.
An intelligent facial image coding driven by speech and phoneme (2003)

The authors propose and compare two types of model-based facial motion coding schemes, i.e. synthesis by rules and synthesis by parameters. In synthesis by rules, facial motion images are synthesized on the basis of rules extracted by analysis of training image samples that include all of the phonemes and coarticulation. This system can be utilized as an automatic facial animation synthesizer from text input or as a man-machine interface using the facial motion image. In synthesis by parameters, facial motion images are synthesized on the basis of a code word index of speech parameters. Experimental results indicate good performance for both systems, which can create natural facial-motion images with very low transmission rate. Details of 3-D modeling, algorithm synthesis, and performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Glucocorticosteroids trigger reactivation of human cytomegalovirus from latently infected myeloid cells and increase the risk for HCMV infection in D+R+ liver transplant patients (2014)

Graft rejection in transplant patients is managed clinically by suppressing T-cell function with immunosuppressive drugs such as prednisolone and methylprednisolone. In such immunocompromised hosts, human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important opportunistic pathogen and can cause severe morbidity and mortality. Currently, the effect of glucocorticosteroids (GCSs) on the HCMV life cycle remains unclear. Previous reports showed enhanced lytic replication of HCMV in vitro in the presence of GCSs. In the present study, we explored the implications of steroid exposure on latency and reactivation. We observed a direct effect of several GCSs used in the clinic on the activation of a quiescent viral major immediate-early promoter in stably transfected THP-1 monocytic cells. This activation was prevented by the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) antagonist Ru486 and by shRNA-mediated knockdown of the GR. Consistent with this observation, prednisolone treatment of latently infected primary monocytes resulted in HCMV reactivation. Analysis of the phenotype of these cells showed that treatment with GCSs was correlated with differentiation to an anti-inflammatory macrophage-like cell type. On the basis that these observations may be pertinent to HCMV reactivation in post-transplant settings, we retrospectively evaluated the incidence, viral kinetics and viral load of HCMV in liver transplant patients in the presence or absence of GCS treatment. We observed that combination therapy of baseline prednisolone and augmented methylprednisolone, upon organ rejection, significantly increased the incidence of HCMV infection in the intermediate risk group where donor and recipient are both HCMV seropositive (D+R+) to levels comparable with the high risk D+R- group.
A preliminary study on using reverberant shear wave fields in optical coherence elastography to examine mice brain ex vivo (2019)

A number of approaches employ optical coherence tomography (OCT) to obtain the mechanical properties of biological tissue. These are generally referred to as optical coherence elastography (OCE), and have demonstrated promising applications with studies in cornea, breast, muscle, skin, and other soft tissues. A particular application of interest is the brain, in which changes in local and global elastic properties may correlate with the onset and progression of degenerative brain diseases. In this preliminary study, mice brains are studied ex vivo and in situ with preservation of the brain/skull anatomical architecture. A small 6 mm diameter portion of the skull is replaced with a glass cap to allow for OCT imaging. Various permutations of source placement for generating shear waves and modes of excitation are evaluated to optimize the experimental setup. The use of reverberant shear wave fields, which takes advantage of inevitable reflections from boundaries and tissue inhomogeneities, allow for estimation of the shear wave speed, which is directly related to the elastic modulus of soft tissues. Preliminary estimates for the shear wave speed in brains of recently deceased mice are obtained. This study demonstrates potential applications in brain OCE ex vivo and in vivo.
Polyimides as Promising Cathodes for Metal–Organic Batteries: A Comparison between Divalent (Ca2+, Mg2+) and Monovalent (Li+, Na+) Cations (2023)

Ca- and Mg-based batteries represent a more sustainable alternative to Li-ion batteries. However, multivalent cation technologies suffer from poor cation mass transport. In addition, the development of positive electrodes enabling reversible charge storage currently represents one of the major challenges. Organic positive electrodes, in addition to being the most sustainable and potentially low-cost candidates, compared with their inorganic counterparts, currently present the best electrochemical performances in Ca and Mg cells. Unfortunately, organic positive electrodes suffer from relatively low capacity retention upon cycling, the origin of which is not yet fully understood. Here, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride-derived polyimide was tested in Li, Na, Mg, and Ca cells for the sake of comparison in terms of redox potential, gravimetric capacities, capacity retention, and rate capability. The redox mechanisms were also investigated by means of operando IR experiments, and a parameter affecting most figures of merit has been identified: the presence of contact ion-pairs in the electrolyte.
Semiconducting properties of V2O5 gels (1983)

Abstract Mixed-valence vanadium pentoxide gels have been obtained by polymerization of vanadic acid. They exhibit semiconducting properties which arise from electron hopping between VIV and Vv ions. Such gels can easily be deposited onto a substrate, giving layers of high electrical conductivity (σ =0.l Ω−1 cm−1 at 300 K). Their electrical properties can be described by the small-polaron model, and the main parameters have been determined by conductivity measurements, E.S.B. and optical spectroscopy. The optical and thermal activation energies are found to be E opt = 0.87 eV and Eth = 0.17eV. The transfer integral J = 0 05 eV is quite small, and the electron–phonon coupling parameter γ = 14 is rather high. The structural disorder of this amorphous semiconductor was estimated from electrical and E.S.R. experiments. It leads to a localization of the charge carriers.
Einleitung (2015)

Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit verfassungs- und europarechtlichen Aspekten eines allgemeinen Mindestlohns. Der Ansatz ist interdisziplinär und bezieht auch andere sozialwissenschaftliche, insbesondere ökonomische Erwägungen ein. Neben den Freiheitsrechten des Europarechts und des Grundgesetzes wird der Mindestlohn auch in gleichheitsrechtlicher Perspektive betrachtet. Als „internalisierendes Sozialrecht“ dient er der Existenzsicherung der Arbeitnehmer. Aber belastet werden für dieses gesamtgesellschaftliche Ziel nur die Arbeitgeber. Weil die denkbaren Rechtfertigungen für diese Ungleichbehandlung im Ergebnis nicht überzeugen, ist der Mindestlohn verfassungswidrig. Der Gesetzgeber wäre auf Transferzahlungen zur Aufstockung nicht bedarfssichernder Arbeitsentgelte verwiesen. Den Abschluss bildet ein Blick auf alternative Modelle, insbesondere Kombilöhne nach Muster des US-amerikanischen Earned Income Tax Credit.
Effects of a nutrient-enriched water with and without poultry flavoring on water intake, urine specific gravity, and urine output in healthy domestic cats fed a dry kibble diet (2018)

OBJECTIVE To investigate water intake and urine measures in healthy cats provided free-choice access to a nutrient-enriched water with (NWP) or without (NW) added poultry flavoring offered at 3 different volumes in addition to tap water (TW). ANIMALS 36 domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURES Control group cats (n = 4) received dry food with TW ad libitum throughout the study. Cats of the NW and NWP groups (n = 16/group) received the same food with TW only (period 1; 7 days) followed by TW and the assigned treatment ad libitum at 1X, 1.5X, and 2X the volume of TW consumed in period 1 during periods 2 (17 days), 3 (10 days), and 4 (10 days), respectively. Liquid consumption, food intake, and total water intake (from all sources) were measured; urine collected over 48 hours in each period was measured, and urine specific gravity (USG) was determined. Data were analyzed with mixed-effects models. RESULTS TW and food calorie intake were similar among groups in period 1; TW consumption by control cats did not differ during the study. Liquid consumed by drinking increased 18%, 57%, and 96% for the NWP group in periods 2, 3, and 4, respectively, with increases of 25% and 44% for the NW group in periods 3 and 4, respectively, compared with period 1 values for the same groups. Increased urine output and decreased USG were significantly associated with period and treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Increasing the volumes of NW or NWP offered to healthy cats led to increased free liquid consumption and was associated with greater urine output and dilution as measured by USG. Studies are warranted to determine whether these treatments provide health benefits for cats in need of greater water consumption.
The 3-dimensional structure of a hepatitis C virus p7 ion channel by electron microscopy (2009)

Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) has a huge impact on global health putting more than 170 million people at risk of developing severe liver disease. The HCV encoded p7 ion channel is essential for the production of infectious viruses. Despite a growing body of functional data, little is known about the 3-dimensional (3D) structure of the channel. Here, we present the 3D structure of a full-length viroporin, the detergent-solubilized hexameric 42 kDa form of the HCV p7 ion channel, as determined by single-particle electron microscopy using the random conical tilting approach. The reconstruction of such a small protein complex was made possible by a combination of high-contrast staining, the symmetry, and the distinct structural features of the channel. The orientation of the p7 monomers within the density was established using immunolabeling with N and C termini specific F(ab) fragments. The density map at a resolution of approximately 16 A reveals a flower-shaped protein architecture with protruding petals oriented toward the ER lumen. This broadest part of the channel presents a comparatively large surface area providing potential interaction sites for cellular and virally encoded ER resident proteins.
Expression of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp120 from Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1-Derived Amplicons Results in Potent, Specific, and Durable Cellular and Humoral Immune Responses (2002)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infects a wide range of cells, including dendritic cells. Consequently, HSV-1 vectors may be capable of eliciting strong immune responses to vectored antigens. To test this hypothesis, an HSV-1 amplicon plasmid encoding human immunodeficiency virus type 1 gp120 was constructed, and murine immune responses to helper virus-free amplicon preparations derived from this construct were evaluated. Initial studies revealed that a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of 10(6) infectious units (i.u.) of HSV:gp120 amplicon particles (HSV:gp120) elicited Env-specific cellular and humoral immune responses. A potent, CD8(+)-T-cell-mediated response to an H-2D(d)-restricted peptide from gp120 (RGPGRAFVTI) was measured by a gamma interferon ELISPOT and was confirmed by standard cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte assays. Immunoglobulin G enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis showed the induction of a strong, Env-specific antibody response. An i.m. or an intradermal administration of HSV:gp120 at the tail base elicited a more potent cellular immune response than did an intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation, although an i.p. introduction generated a stronger humoral response. The immune response to HSV:gp120 was durable, with robust cellular and humoral responses persisting at 171 days after a single 10(6)-i.u. inoculation. The immune response to HSV:gp120 was also found to be dose dependent: as few as 10(4) i.u. elicited a strong T-cell response. Finally, HSV:gp120 elicited significant Env-specific cellular immune responses even in animals that had been previously infected with wild-type HSV-1. Taken together, these data strongly support the use of helper-free HSV-1 amplicon particles as vaccine delivery vectors.
Low cost vs. high-end eye tracking for usability testing (2011)

Accuracy of an open source remote eye tracking system and a state-of-the-art commercial eye tracker was measured 4 times during a usability test. Results from 9 participants showed both devices to be fairly stable over time, but the commercial tracker was more accurate with a mean error of 31 pixels against 59 pixels using the low cost system. This suggests that low cost eye tracking can become a viable alternative, when usability studies need not to distinguish between, for instance, particular words or menu items that participants are looking at, but only between larger areas-of-interest they pay attention to.
Applications of ROADMs and Control Planes (2007)

Today's optical networks are static in nature, with quasi-static SONET/SDH TDM and dynamic packet layers as payloads. It is commonly agreed that SONET/SDH will vanish over the next 10-15 years, and that future networks will be exclusively packet-minded. Major intermediate steps include a flexible optical layer using Reconfigurable Optical Add/Drop Multiplexers - ROADMs - together with a control plane. ROADMs can lead to significant operational cost reductions. Their behavior however also differs as compared to electrical cross connects which limits their use in certain applications. In addition, precaution is necessary when considering them in upcoming ultra-broadband networks. This paper discusses relevant ROADM applications and implications.
BLAST Observations of Nearby Galaxies (2009)

The Balloon-born Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) is a 1.8 m mirror that uses focal plane arrays of bolometer detectors at 250, 350 and 500 microns to study the evolutionary history and processes associated with star formation. The most recent long duration balloon flight from Antarctica collected 250 hours of data during a circumpolar flight in December 2006. A large number of observations were conducted including deep and wide surveys to characterize submillimeter galaxies, a galactic plane survey in the Vela region, and a number of pointed observations toward nearby galaxies NGC1097, NGC1291, NGC1365, NGC1512, NGC1566, and NGC1808. In this talk we will focus on these galaxies and combine the BLAST data with Spitzer-MIPS data to uniquely determine dust properties such as temperature and emissivity. The BLAST collaboration acknowledges the support of NASA through grants NAG5 12785, NAG5-13301, and NNGO-6GI11G, the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), the Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), Canada's Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC), the Canada Foundation for Innovation, the Ontario Innovation Trust, the Puerto Rico Space Grant Consortium, the Fondo Institucional para la Investigacion of the University of Puerto Rico, and the National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs.
Comparative Analysis of MTU overhead in the context of SPRING (2019)

This document provides an apples-to-apples comparative analysis of MTU
overhead in the context of SPRING.
Phosphine-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3,3-Spirocyclopenteneoxindoles from γ-Substituted Allenoates: Systematic Studies and Targeted Applications (2013)

The phosphine-promoted [3 + 2] cyclizations between γ-substituted allenoates and arylideneoxindoles have been applied to the stereoselective synthesis of spiro(cyclopentene)oxindoles with trisubstituted cyclopentene units. It has been demonstrated that PPh(3) operates a very efficient control of the relative stereochemistry of the three stereogenic centers of the final spiranic products. Focused experiments have been carried out then so as to access carbocyclic analogues of an important series of anticancer agents inhibiting MDM2-p53 interactions.
Hepatitis C Virus p7 membrane protein quasispecies variability in chronically infected patients treated with interferon and ribavirin, with or without amantadine (2006)

A clinical study was carried out to compare the response rate of two groups of non-responder (NR) hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1 chronically infected patients treated with interferon and ribavirin, with or without amantadine. The viral load decreased more markedly in the group treated by tritherapy including amantadine, but the response rate at the end of treatment was not significantly different between bitherapy and tritherapy. As amantadine could have an antiviral effect on the ion channel activity of the p7 HCV protein, the p7 quasispecies was characterized by cloning and sequencing. Sequence data were analyzed to determine the pattern and significance of p7 genetic heterogeneity and a possible relationship with therapy. Subtype differences were confirmed between p7 HCV genotypes 1a and 1b, and quasispecies analysis showed a reduction of genetic diversity in subtype 1a, but not 1b, during tritherapy. However, the absence of changes at numerous positions, as well as the conservative changes at other positions, indicated the high conservation of the p7 structure. Residue His-17, proposed to interact with amantadine, was fully conserved in both subtypes 1a and 1b, independently of amantadine administration. In conclusion, although the analysis of the p7 sequences revealed a selective pressure during therapy, no specific residues appeared to be linked to the effect of amantadine on viral decline. These results suggest that the potential antiviral effect of amantadine might be non-specific and related to a reduction in endosomal acidification and therefore reduced viral entry of HCV via its pH-dependent pathway.