gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mercury capture on a supported chlorocuprate(ii) ionic liquid adsorbent studied using operando synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (2016)

Mercury scrubbing from gas streams using a supported 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorocuprate(ii) ionic liquid ([C<sub>4</sub>mim]<sub>2</sub>[Cu<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>]) has been studied using operando EXAFS. Initial oxidative capture as [HgCl<sub>3</sub>]<sup>-</sup> anions was confirmed, this was then followed by the unanticipated generation of mercury(i) chloride through comproportionation with additional mercury from the gas stream. Combining these two mechanisms leads to net one electron oxidative extraction of mercury from the gas with increased potential capacity and efficiency for supported ionic liquid mercury scrubbers.
Nonlinear pulse compression in a gas-filled multipass cell (2018)

We present an efficient method for compressing sub-picosecond pulses at 200 W average power with 2 mJ pulse energy in a multipass cell filled with different gases. We demonstrate spectral broadening by more than a factor of five using neon, argon, and nitrogen as nonlinear media. The 210 fs input pulses are compressed down to 37 fs and 35 GW peak power with a beam quality factor of 1.3×1.5 at a power throughput of >93%. This concept represents an excellent alternative to hollow-core fiber-based compression schemes and optical parametric amplifiers (OPAs).
The KeyNote Trust-Management System Version 2 (1999)

This memo describes version 2 of the KeyNote trust-management system. It specifies the syntax and semantics of KeyNote `assertions', describes `action attribute' processing, and outlines the application architecture into which a KeyNote implementation can be fit. The KeyNote architecture and language are useful as building blocks for the trust management aspects of a variety of Internet protocols and services.
Phase matching of noncollinear sum and difference frequency high harmonic generation above and below the critical ionization level (2017)

We investigate the macroscopic physics of noncollinear high harmonic generation (HHG) at high pressures. We make the first experimental demonstration of phase matching of noncollinear high-order-difference-frequency generation at ionization fractions above the critical ionization level, which normally sets an upper limit on the achievable cutoff photon energies. Additionally, we show that noncollinear high-order-sum-frequency generation requires much higher pressures for phase matching than single-beam HHG does, which mitigates the short interaction region in this geometry. We also dramatically increase the experimentally realized cutoff energy of noncollinear circularly polarized HHG, reaching photon energies of 90 eV. Finally, we achieve complete angular separation of high harmonic orders without the use of a spectrometer.
Writer's Aid: using a planner in a collaborative interface (2003)

Writer’s Aid is a collaborative system that works simultaneously with an author editing a document providing assistance in identifying and inserting citation keys and autonomously finding and caching potentially relevant papers and associated bibliographic information from various on-line sources. At the core of Writer’s Aid is a domainindependent planning system. The use of a planner in Writer’s Aid enables an efficient division of labor between a human user and the computer system that autonomously creates and executes plans for getting the bibliographic information while the author concentrates on writing. The collaborative model of human-computer interaction implemented in Writer’s Aid places new requirements on the planner, which must posess the expressive power to formulate complex planning goals, efficiently represent and reason about an incompletely specified domain, interleave planning with execution of partial plans, and dynamically re-plan in case of execution failure while avoiding redundant information gathering, all in real time. In the demonstration the participants will be able to use the system and evaluate its unique design in which information integration occurs within a context of a writing task that is the source of the user’s information need.
Formation of giant unilamellar vesicles from spin-coated lipid films by localized IR heating (2012)

We report a novel method for the generation of GUVs (generate unilamellar vesicles) from spin-coated lipid films by means of localized heating. This technique enables GUV formation from both charged and neutral lipid species, as well as from a complex lipid mixture, in various ionic strength conditions. Encapsulation was possible during and after GUV formation.
Routing Single Photons from a Trapped Ion Using a Photonic Integrated Circuit (2022)

Trapped ions are promising candidates for nodes of a scalable quantum network due to their long-lived qubit coherence times and high-fidelity single and two-qubit gates. Future quantum networks based on trapped ions will require a scalable way to route photons between different nodes. Photonic integrated circuits from fabrication foundries provide a compact solution to this problem. However, these circuits typically operate at telecommunication wavelengths which are incompatible with the strong dipole emissions of trapped ions. In this work, we demonstrate the routing of single photons from a trapped ion using a photonic integrated circuit. We employ quantum frequency conversion to match the emission of the ion to the operating wavelength of a foundry-fabricated silicon nitride photonic integrated circuit, achieving a total transmission of 31$\pm$0.9% through the device. Using programmable phase shifters, we switch the single photons between the output channels of the circuit and also demonstrate a 50/50 beam splitting condition. These results constitute an important step towards programmable routing and entanglement distribution in large-scale quantum networks and distributed quantum computers.
Scalable location-based security in wireless networks (2006)

This dissertation presents a location-based approach to wireless security. It differs from current solutions in that it uses information about the physical location of clients to leverage physical security measures instead of relying on long-term secrets such as passwords and private keys. Our approach adapts to the wireless scenario an intuitive security model that is effective and already commonplace in wired LANs. We show that it addresses three problems with current solutions. 
First is the inability of network administrators to define geographical boundaries for wireless coverage. While access to Ethernet ports can be controlled by locking them inside buildings, wireless links extend connectivity beyond physical boundaries, making networks reachable to users across the street or in nearby buildings, therefore more vulnerable to attacks. We show that our services allow networks to provide connectivity to clients located within the intended service area (SA). Moreover, we show that malicious devices located outside the SA either need to get physically close to it---running afoul of physical security measures---or are faced with impractical hardware demands.
The second problem is the lack of proper accountability. Without additional mechanisms, wireless networks are unable to accurately locate and securely identify traffic sources because clients are no longer physically connected to network ports. Even with user authentication and cryptographic packet protection, some link-layer services still rely on MAC addresses to identify clients, making networks vulnerable to denial-of-service attacks that are both effective and easy to implement. We show that our services allow wireless devices to be distinguished and located accurately, making misbehaving clients again physically exposed and accountable for their acts.
Finally, most solutions that increase security to acceptable levels incur substantial management costs. Unlike these, our approach is to improve security in a cost-effective manner. Our architecture takes advantage of higher numbers of access points not only to improve accuracy but also to configure itself autonomously, with minimal operator participation. We use extensive measurements in a real setting to show that such automatic calibration provides for accurate services while also allowing networks to scale to large numbers of access points.
Nitrite Electrochemical Sensor Based on Prussian Blue /Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified Pyrolytic Graphite Electrode (2011)

Nitrite, NO2- (in neutral), and NO (in acidic media) were used as analytical probe to investigate the electrocatalytic properties of Prussian blue nanoparticles (PB) modified edge plane pyrolytic graphite (EPPG) electrode. Results indicate that single-walled carbon nanotubes-Prussian blue hybrid (SWCNT-PB) modified electrode demonstrated greater sensitivity and catalysis towards nitrite compared to PB or a SWCNT modified electrode. The current response of the electrode was reduced in the presence of cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) which was used as a stabilising agent. Electrocatalytic oxidation of nitrite occurred through a simple adsorption controlled electrode reaction. The adsorption equilibrium constant β and the standard free energy change ΔG0 due to adsorption were 4.35 x 103 M-1s-1 (-20.76 kJmol-1) and 15.0 x 104 M-1s-1 (-29.53 kJmol-1) for nitrite and nitric oxide respectively. Despite the adsorption, the EPPGE-SWCNT-PB electrode showed good stability of greater than 80% in the analytes. The electrode’s limit of detection and catalytic rate constant were 6.26 µM (4.37 x 106 cm3 mol-1 s-1) and 4.9 µM (6.35 x 105 cm3mol-1s-1) for nitrite and nitric oxide respectively. The fabricated electrode is not difficult to prepare and could serve as a potential sensor for nitrite determination in food and environmental samples.
Optimal design of BLDC multi-phase reluctance machines (MRM) for variable speed drives (2017)

BLDC-MRM is a brushless salient rotor multiple phase (m) stator reluctance machine fed with bipolar two-level-flat-top electronic controlled phase currents where m <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</inf> phases play as “field” phases and m <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> =m−m <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</inf> phases play as “torque” phases, like in a dc brush machine with brushes off the neutral axis and without dc excitation.
A stable and active nickel-based catalyst for carbon dioxide reforming of methane to synthesis gas (1995)

Z. Zhang and X. E. Verykios, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1995, 71 DOI: 10.1039/C39950000071
Highly directional spaser array for the red wavelength region (2014)

Abstract The spaser offers an opportunity to achieve coherent optical sources at nanometer scales due to the extreme confinement of optical fields. However, achievement of spasers with directional propagation in the visible wavelength region remains a challenge thus far, owing to the unique optical feedback mechanism and large dissipative losses of the metal cavity. Here, we experimentally demonstrate for the first time a spaser showing highly directional emission in the visible by using a periodic subwavelength hole array perforated in a metal film, which function as plasmonic nanocavities, along with an organic laser dye to supply gain. The lasing occurs in the red wavelength region and shows a single mode. It is suggested that the optical feedback for spasing is provided by the SPP–Bloch wave, which is supported by the fact that no spasing was attained in aperiodic holes as well as in periodic holes that do not support the SPP–Bloch wave at the spasing wavelength.
Food Systems and Environment: Building Positive Rural-Urban Linkages (2005)

Urbanization increases the physical and mental distances between urban and rural residents and separates city people from knowledge about where and how their food is grown. We recognize an increasing interest in diet and health, as well as the environment, yet at the same time most urban consumers focus only on product quality and price in the supermarket. Broader issues of environmental health and the economies of families where their food originates are external to most food buying decisions. In most industrialized countries, less than 5% of the population produces food, and there is a relatively secure food supply. When consumers are distant from where food is produced, many lose any appreciation of food systems, become indifferent about agricultural landscapes, and are unaware of the multiple ecosystem services provided by rural areas. This is part of a general de-contextualization of the modern market and monetary focused societies. Contextualization and positive linkages between urban and rural people can be built, however, by promoting local food systems and establishing connections to the rural landscape. Viable examples of positive linkages include on-farm direct sales, community supported agriculture and farmers’ markets, locally grown food in supermarkets, and ecobelts that help to link rural and urban areas with activities of common interest. Urban people who are closer to their food supply can become more engaged and informed consumers who will support an ecologically-sound food production system, as well as appreciate a healthy multifunctional rural landscape.
Mouse Adipose-Derived Stem Cells Undergo Multilineage Differentiation in Vitro but Primarily Osteogenic and Chondrogenic Differentiation in Vivo (2006)

Human, rat, and mouse studies have demonstrated the existence of a population of adipose-derived adult stem (ADAS) cells that can undergo multilineage differentiation in vitro. However, it remains unclear whether these cells maintain their multilineage potential in vivo. The aim of this study was to examine the in vitro and in vivo characteristics and behavior of a potential population of murine ADAS (muADAS) cells isolated from the visceral fat of the abdominal cavity of C57BL/10J mice. We used flow cytometry to examine the cells' expression of CD29, CD31, CD45, CD34, CD44, CD144, CD146, Flk1, and Sca-1. The isolated cell population was CD45 negative, which precludes contamination by hematopoietic cells, but was partially positive for Sca-1 and CD34: 2 stem-cell markers. After induction in conditioned medium, the muADAS cells gained the ability to undergo adipogenic, osteogenic, chondrogenic, myogenic, and hematopoietic differentiation in vitro. The muADAS cells readily differentiated to form bone and cartilage in vivo for up to 24 weeks, but their ability to regenerate muscle or reconstitute bone marrow was found to be limited.
Mixed Digital–Analog Associative Memory Enabling Fully-Parallel Nearest Euclidean Distance Search (2007)

In this paper, an associative memory architecture with mixed digital–analog search circuitry is proposed, which enables a fully-parallel nearest match-data search based on the Euclidean distance between input pattern and stored reference patterns. A test chip, implementing the proposed architecture, was designed in 0.35 µm complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) technology with two-poly and three-metal layers. The nearest-match unit consumes only 0.64 mm2 (12.5% of the total design area), while the whole chip area is 5.12 mm2. The layout-based simulated winner-search time, the time to determine the best-matching reference-data word for an input-data word among a database of 64 reference patterns (5-bit, 16 units), is lower than 160 ns. This corresponds to a performance requirement of 27 giga operations per second (GOPS)/mm2, if a general purpose computer with the same chip area would have to run the same workload. Furthermore, the power dissipation of the designed test chip is only about 38 mW/mm2 at this high processing performance.
Spatial Geographic Mosaic in an Aquatic Predator-Prey Network (2011)

The geographic mosaic theory of coevolution predicts 1) spatial variation in predatory structures as well as prey defensive traits, and 2) trait matching in some areas and trait mismatching in others mediated by gene flow. We examined gene flow and documented spatial variation in crushing resistance in the freshwater snails Mexipyrgus churinceanus, Mexithauma quadripaludium, Nymphophilus minckleyi, and its relationship to the relative frequency of the crushing morphotype in the trophically polymorphic fish Herichthys minckleyi. Crushing resistance and the frequency of the crushing morphotype did show spatial variation among 11 naturally replicated communities in the Cuatro Ciénegas valley in Mexico where these species are all endemic. The variation in crushing resistance among populations was not explained by geographic proximity or by genetic similarity in any species. We detected clear phylogeographic patterns and limited gene flow for the snails but not for the fish. Gene flow among snail populations in Cuatro Ciénegas could explain the mosaic of local divergence in shell strength and be preventing the fixation of the crushing morphotype in Herichthys minckleyi. Finally, consistent with trait matching across the mosaic, the frequency of the fish morphotype was negatively correlated with shell crushing resistance likely reflecting the relative disadvantage of the crushing morphotype in communities where the snails exhibit relatively high crushing resistance.
Glaucoma Disease Detection Using Deep Learning (2023)

Glaucoma is an eye condition that causes the retina to slowly deteriorate over time. If the disease is detected early enough, its progression can be stopped. Unfortunately, early diagnosis is rare because there are usually no obvious signs in the early stages. Early glaucoma detection is essential because glaucoma with a delayed diagnosis can cause permanent vision loss. It has been demonstrated that computer vision systems can detect glaucoma efficiently and accurately. There are some existing methodologies SVM, KNN, and Random Forest using text datasets and with a low accuracy rate. In this project, we apply deep learning models that can recognize the complex features needed for classification tasks, including microaneurysms, exudate, and retinal hemorrhagic. The project's goal is to suggest a hybrid or innovative method employing CNN that overcomes the limitations of competing techniques and yields more accurate results.
Connective tissue accumulation in the left coronary artery of young SHR. (1984)

The left coronary artery of 21-, 28-, and 45-day-old spontaneously hypertensive rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats was analyzed morphometrically to evaluate the structural alterations of the vessel wall during the development of genetically determined hypertension. In 45-day-old rats, hypertension was associated with a significant expansion of the partial volume of collagen and ground substance (119%) within the arterial wall. This change exceeded the concurrent accumulation of elastin (77%) and smooth muscle cell mass (34%). The growth of the muscle compartment was also characterized by a marked increment of rough endoplasmic reticulum (103%). The increase in the mural concentration of fibrous proteins at this early age may be viewed as the initial adverse effect of hypertension on muscular arteries.
Optical properties and colorimetric evaluation of resin cements formulated with thio‐urethane oligomers (2018)

The use of thio-urethanes to formulate resin cements can ensure a luting material with improved potential to mask colored substrates due to the higher contrast ratio and lower translucency obtained. A final higher fluorescence of restoration is also expected with the use of specific oligomer.
Cover Picture (2001)

The cover picture shows a Hg-SAM1//SAM2-Ag nanojunction, which allows the rapid screening of various self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) for their electronic properties. The setup of this molecular junction, which consists of a mercury electrode with SAM1 (top) and a silver-coated silicon wafer with SAM2 (bottom), is simple and allows the rapid screening of various functionalized monolayers. In the picture an interfacial reflection (mirror image) of the mercury drop in the lower silver surface is observed. In this test-bed the electronic properties of various aromatic and terminally functionalized SAMs were determined and correlated with the molecular structure of the respective SAM. Further details on this nanojunction are reported by M. A. Rampi, G. M. Whitesides et al. on p. 2316 ff.
A Tutorial for Inverse Design in Photonics by Topology Optimization (2020)

Topology optimization methods for inverse design of nano-photonic systems have recently become extremely popular and are presented in various forms and under various names. Approaches comprise gradient and non-gradient based algorithms combined with more or less systematic ways to improve convergence, discreteness of solutions and satisfaction of manufacturing constraints. We here provide a tutorial with associated software and examples for the systematic and efficient design of nano-photonic structures by Topology Optimization (TO). The implementation is based on the advanced and systematic approaches developed in TO for structural optimization during the last three decades. The tutorial presents a step-by-step guide for deriving the continuous constrained optimization problem forming the foundation of the Topology Optimization method, using a cylindrical metalens design problem as an example. It demonstrates the effect and necessity of applying a number of auxiliary tools in the design process in order to ensure good numerical modelling practice and to achieve physically realisable designs. Application examples also include an optical demultiplexer.
The Effect of Carbon Source, Temperature and Aeration on the Production of Ascosteroside, a Novel Antifungal Agent, by Ascotricha amphitricha. (1997)

This paper describes the optimization of production of ascosteroside, a novel antifungal agent with an alpha-linked glycoside of a lanosterone-type triterpenoid structure. Glucose, sorbose and inositol were determined to be the best carbon sources for the production of ascosteroside. Temperature affected levels of ascosteroside, with production being highest at 16 degrees C with 1% glucose, and lowest at 32 degrees C. Dissolved oxygen levels were found to be critical in the production of ascosteroside in fermenter cultures. In order for production of ascosteroside to occur in fermenter cultures, the threshold level of dissolved oxygen was found to be above 26%.
LG-covid19-HOTP: Literature Graph of Scholarly Articles Relevant to COVID-19 Study (2020)

Following and in parallel to the recently released dataset CORD-19 of scholarly articles, we provide the literature graph LG-covid19-HOTP composed of not only articles (graph nodes) that are relevant to the study of coronavirus, but also citation links (graph edges) for facilitating navigation and search among the articles. The article records are related and connected, not isolated, in the same spirit of other existing literature graphs, and focused around the particular theme of covid-19 study. The graph nodes include 2,754 hot-off-the-press (HOTP) articles since January 2020. The graph contains about one hundred thousand articles and nearly one million links. In addition to the dataset, we provide basic meta-data analysis and visualization in terms of publication growth over time, ranking by citation, similarity in co-citation, and similarity in co-reference, available at lg-covid-19-hotp.cs.duke.edu.