gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applicability and Performance of Standard Compression Methods for Efficient Data Transmission and Storage in Radar Networks (2021)

Modern sensor networks—those used for autonomous driving, security systems, human motion tracking, or smart city/smart factory applications—are shifting to a more centralized data processing approach to enable efficient multimodal sensor fusion for optimal environment perception in complex dynamic situations. Among lidars and cameras, radars are typical for these applications, but they generate huge amounts of data, which cannot be transmitted or stored effectively in current setups. Consequently, manufacturers usually have to process the data “on sensor.” This results in transmitting only a few extracted features as point clouds or object lists to a central processing unit, which usually causes a significant loss of information. With this approach, advanced processing—such as enhancement of resolution by coherent combination of sensors or ghost target removal with advanced algorithms—is hardly possible. To overcome this, we suggest an alternative method by using signal-based compression with defined losses. The following topology will be proposed: the sensors encode raw data without prior radar-specific processing and after transmission, a central unit decodes and processes the radar data, thus benefiting from its more powerful heterogeneous processing system. We will analyze lossless compression algorithms with rate savings of about 30% to 65%, but the focus is on lossy compression algorithms that incorporate higher compression ratios by allowing negligible errors. It is shown that state-of-the-art multimedia compression algorithms can obtain rate savings of 99%, and radar specific algorithms can add a 50-fold gain on top, reaching 99.98%. To assess the distortions of compressed data, we then present different radar-specific evaluation metrics.
Lauréat du Grand Prix Inserm 2011 (2012)

C’est un grand honneur pour notre équipe d’être distinguée cette année par le grand prix de l’INSERM […] Partant d’une observation accidentelle, il aura fallu 20 ans pour convaincre que nous avions bien identifié une nouvelle voie de transduction du signal impliquant quelques 250 protéines. L’avenir précisera l’importance réelle de cette voie. Pour l’heure, nous avons pu lui attribuer un rôle dans le guidage des axones, la migration cellulaire et la plasticité physiologique du cortex. Cette...
Diskussion (1984)

Herr Kollege Sahm, Sie haben eine Graphik gezeigt, auf der die Abhängigkeit der Methanbildung vom Bentonitzusatz zu sehen war. Dieser ist für den Prozeß eigentlich sehr günstig. Sie erklärten das mit der eventuellen Ansiedlung der Organismen auf diesem Bentonitmaterial. Aber ist es vielleicht nicht auch das Puffersystem? Es ist doch an sich so: Die Methanbakterien funktionieren nur in pH-Bereichen, die um den Neutralpunkt herum liegen, aber nicht im sauren Bereich, und es könnte sein, daß der Bentonit H-Ionen bindet und damit auch von der Biochemie her günstigere Voraussetzungen schafft. Das wäre nämlich insofern interessant, weil in der Landwirtschaft auch die Biogasproduktion aus Flüssigmist, also Stallabgängen, diskutiert wird, und wenn der Bentonitzusatz Vorteile brächte, könnte man den Wirkungsfaktor dieser Biogasanlagen erheblich verstärken.
Image Calibration and Correction (2014)

In this chapter, image calibration and correction methods using NI Vision Calibration tools are discussed to increase the accuracy of image processing results. By using the calibration tools, an image is calibrated to obtain conversion information in real-world units as well as corrections for image distortion. Then, the image along with the calibration information is saved to a file. The file with the imbedded calibration information is used to correct newly acquired images. This results in a distortion corrected image and measurements are made in physical measurement units. A method for creating an image correction file is discussed in detail. After saving the calibration image, the information in the image file can be used to correct other images acquired with the same camera setup that produces the observed image distortion.
Efficient Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Tetrahydropyrans by Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Ring‐Opening Metathesis/Cross‐Metathesis (AROM/CM). (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Spin Polyphenoxyl Based on Poly(1,4‐phenyleneethynylene). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
δ-Conotoxin Structure/Function through a Cladistic Analysis (2001)

Delta-conotoxins are Conus peptides that inhibit inactivation of voltage-gated sodium channels. The suggestion that delta-conotoxins might be an essential component of the venoms of fish-hunting cone snails which rapidly immobilize their prey [Terlau, H., Shon, K., Grilley, M., Stocker, M., Stühmer, W., and Olivera, B. M. (1996) Nature 381, 148-151] has not been tested. On the basis of cDNA cloning, all of the fish-hunting Conus analyzed yielded at least one delta-conotoxin sequence. In addition, one delta-conotoxin isolated from the venom of Conus striatus had an amino acid sequence identical to that predicted from cDNA cloning. This new peptide exhibited properties of delta-conotoxins: it targeted sodium channels and potentiated action potentials by slowing channel inactivation. Homologous sequences of delta-conotoxins from two groups (clades) of related fish-hunting Conus species share consensus features but differ significantly from the two known delta-conotoxins from mollusc-hunting Conus venoms. Three large hydrophobic amino acids were conserved; analogues of the previously described delta-conotoxin PVIA with alanine substituted for the conserved amino acids F9 and I12 lost substantial biological activity. In contrast, both the T8A and K13A delta-conotoxin PVIA analogues, where substitutions were at nonconserved loci, proved to be biologically active. Taken together, our results indicate that a cladistic approach can identify amino acids critical for the activity of conotoxins and provide extensive information as to which amino acid substitutions can be made without significant functional consequences.
Synthesis and characterization of new phosphorus and other heteroatom containing aryl cyanate ester monomers and networks (1997)

Several aromatic dicyanate monomers have been synthesized bearing para-linked strong electron withdrawing groups, such as phenylphosphine oxide, sulfone, and carbonyl. These groups increased the reactivity of the cyanate functional groups and eliminated the need for curing catalysts. However, an undesirable decrease in the processing window between the monomer melting point and the onset of cure was also generally observed. An arylene ether phenyl phosphine oxide system was designed that displayed several attractive characteristics such as a low softening point, a wide processing window, cure with no catalyst, high Tg and high char yield in air, suggesting that these new thermosets might show good fire resistance. The dicyanate ester monomers were synthesized in high yield by reacting various bisphenols with cyanogen bromide in the presence of triethylamine. The high reactivity of the cyanate functional groups required that the cyanation reaction be conducted at temperature below 0°C in order to prevent imidocarbonate side reactions. Proton NMR and FT-IR were used to characterize these monomers. The cyclotrimerization curing process was monitored by the disappearance of the carbon-nitrogen triple bond stretch (2270 cm−1). An optimal cure schedule was determined and the cured polycyanurate networks were characterized by DSC, DMTA, and TGA. Tg values were typically > 250°C and 5% weight loss values were observed by TGA in air above 400°C. Several of the dicyanate monomers with sufficiently large processing windows were cured into single lap shear adhesive bonds onto titanium 6/4 and the measurements are reported herein. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 977–987, 1997
Design and Demonstration of a Bulk Micromachined Fabry–PÉrot $\mu$g-Resolution Accelerometer (2007)

A high resolution, passive, bulk-micromachined accelerometer based on the transmission-type intrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer has been designed, fabricated and, for the first time, experimentally evaluated via direct inertial characterization. The device characterization includes frequency- and time-domain evaluation. The sensor characteristics of bandwidth, range, sensitivity, and resolution are obtained experimentally and the tradeoffs between these performance parameters are examined. Also, presented is the evaluation of the effects of the excitation of multiple vibration modes in such a sensor. The sensor performance is observed to have a resolution limits below a mug with a demonstrated 30 mug resolution over a sensing bandwidth greater than 2 kHz and better than 1 dynamic range.
Electro-optic polarization tuning of microcavities with a single quantum dot (2018)

We present an oxide aperture microcavity with embedded quantum dots which utilizes a three-contact design to independently tune the quantum dot wavelength and birefringence of the cavity modes. A polarization splitting tuning of ∼5 GHz is observed. For a typical microcavity polarization splitting, the method can be used to achieve perfect polarization degeneracy that is required for many polarization-based implementations of photonic quantum gates. The embedded quantum dot wavelength can be tuned into resonance with the cavity, independent of the polarization tuning.
On the Concavity of Rate Regions for Lossless Source Coding in Networks (2006)

For a family of network source coding problems, we prove that the lossless rate region is concave in the distribution of sources. While the proof of concavity is straightforward for the few examples where a single-letter characterization of the lossless source coding region is known, it is more difficult for the vast majority of networks where the lossless source coding region remains unsolved. The class of networks that we investigate includes both solved and unsolved examples. We further conjecture that the same property applies more widely and sketch an avenue for investigating that conjecture
Regulation of Heat-Shock Response in Bacteria (1998)

Stress response in bacteria is essential for effective adaptation to changes in the environment, as well as to the changes in the physiological state of the bacterial culture itself. This response is mediated by global regulatory mechanisms affecting several pathways. It now appears that these regulatory mechanisms operate by transcriptional control, translational control, and proteolysis. One example to be discussed extensively is the heat-shock response. In Escherichia coli, where it has been studied initially and most extensively, the expression of the heat-shock operon is transcriptionally controlled by the employment of the heat-shock transcription factor sigma 32, that recognizes specific heat-shock promoters. Later studies indicated that in most bacteria the control of the major heat-shock genes is much more complicated, and involves additional--or alternative--control channels. These regulatory elements will be reviewed looking at the groE and dnaK operons. These operons, coding for the bacterial equivalent of Hsp10+60 and Hsp70, respectively, contain in many bacteria a conserved regulatory inverted repeat (IR = CIRCE), and are transcribed either by the vegetative sigma factor--sigma 70--or by a sigma 32-like factor. The IR functions at the DNA level as a repressor binding site and also controls the half life of the transcript. In addition, in Agrobacterium tumefaciens there also exists a system for mRNA processing that involves a temperature-controlled cleavage of the groE transcript.
Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Data and Knowledge Bases, Improving Usability and Responsiveness, June 28-30, 1988, Jerusalem, Israel (1988)

Proceedings of the meeting held in Jerusalem, Israel, June, 1988. Thirty papers represent a cross ssection of the many facets of contemporary database research and provide an up-to-date account of activities of some of the leading companies in the database field. Covers: knowledge-based application
A Phase II, Randomized, Open-Label Study of Neoadjuvant Degarelix versus LHRH Agonist in Prostate Cancer Patients Prior to Radical Prostatectomy (2016)

<b>Purpose:</b> Degarelix, a new gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist with demonstrated efficacy as first-line treatment in the management of high-risk prostate cancer, possesses some theoretical advantages over luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) analogues in terms of avoiding "testosterone flare" and lower follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. We set out to determine whether preoperative degarelix influenced surrogates of disease control in a randomized phase II study.<b>Experimental Design:</b> Thirty-nine patients were randomly assigned to one of three different neoadjuvant arms: degarelix only, degarelix/bicalutamide, or LHRH agonist/bicalutamide. Treatments were given for 3 months before prostatectomy. Patients had localized prostate cancer and had chosen radical prostatectomy as primary treatment. The primary end point was treatment effect on intratumoral dihydrotestosterone levels.<b>Results:</b> Intratumoral DHT levels were higher in the degarelix arm than both the degarelix/bicalutamide and LHRH agonist/bicalutamide arms (0.87 ng/g vs. 0.26 ng/g and 0.23 ng/g, <i>P</i> < 0.01). No significant differences existed for other intratumoral androgens, such as testosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone. Patients in the degarelix-only arm had higher AMACR levels on immunohistochemical analysis (<i>P</i> = 0.01). Serum FSH levels were lower after 12 weeks of therapy in both degarelix arms than the LHRH agonist/bicalutamide arm (0.55 and 0.65 vs. 3.65, <i>P</i> < 0.01), and inhibin B levels were lower in the degarelix/bicalutamide arm than the LHRH agonist/bicalutamide arm (82.14 vs. 126.67, <i>P</i> = 0.02).<b>Conclusions:</b> Neoadjuvant degarelix alone, compared with use of LHRH agonist and bicalutamide, is associated with higher levels of intratumoral dihydrotestosterone, despite similar testosterone levels. Further studies that evaluate the mechanisms behind these results are needed. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(8); 1974-80. ©2016 AACR</i>.
Automated Analysis of Radionuclides in Nuclear Waste:  Rapid Determination of 90Sr by Sequential Injection Analysis (1996)

A rapid, automated, microanalytical procedure for the determination of 90Sr in aged nuclear waste has been developed. It is based on a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system which rapidly separates 90Sr from 90Y, 137Cs, and other radionuclides. The isolated 90Sr is then detected on-line with a flow-through liquid scintillation counter. The separation is achieved using a sorbent extraction minicolumn containing a resin (EIChrom, Sr-Spec) that selectively binds 90Sr as a crown ether complex under acidic conditions. The 90Sr is eluted with water, mixed with liquid scintillation cocktail, and detected in the flow cell of the counter. Sample 90Sr activity can be quantified from peak areas, giving linear calibration curves. The instrument can also be operated in a stopped-flow mode for longer counting times. Analyses of aged nuclear waste samples from the Hanford site by the SIA method and a manual method were in excellent agreement: correlation coefficient R = 0.994. Sample analysis by the SIA method is complete in less than 40 min. The advantages of the new 90Sr analyzer include faster analysis, greater precision, reduced labor costs, and reduced secondary waste. Worker safety is improved because solution handling operations are fully automated and contained.
A New Semiconductor Microwave Modulator (1960)

A new semiconductor device is proposed for use as an amplitude modulator for microwave transmission. The principle of action depends upon the increase of absorption with an increase of conductivity caused by the injection of excess minority carriers. Experiments conducted at 9600 Mc indicate little or no phase and frequency modulation. The mechanism of the modulation action and the device design are discussed here.
Plate vs. intramedullary screw fixation of chevron olecranon osteotomies: a biomechanical study (2023)

While there was no statistically significant difference in the load to failure between the two groups, IMSF repair resulted in significantly greater displacement of the medial osteotomy site during cyclic loading and greater amplitude of displacement dorsally with loading force. Decreased bone mineral density was associated with an increased displacement of the medial repair site. These results suggest that IMSF of olecranon osteotomies may result in increased fracture site displacement when compared to PF; this displacement may be greater in patients with poor bone quality.
Pretreatment Diffusion-Weighted and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MRI for Prediction of Local Treatment Response in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Head and Neck (2012)

The combined use of DWI and DCE-MRI parameters from both primary tumors and nodal masses may aid in prediction of response to chemoradiation therapy in patients with HNSCC.
Fairness via Representation Neutralization (2021)

Existing bias mitigation methods for DNN models primarily work on learning debiased encoders. This process not only requires a lot of instance-level annotations for sensitive attributes, it also does not guarantee that all fairness sensitive information has been removed from the encoder. To address these limitations, we explore the following research question: Can we reduce the discrimination of DNN models by only debiasing the classification head, even with biased representations as inputs? To this end, we propose a new mitigation technique, namely, Representation Neutralization for Fairness (RNF) that achieves fairness by debiasing only the task-specific classification head of DNN models. To this end, we leverage samples with the same ground-truth label but different sensitive attributes, and use their neutralized representations to train the classification head of the DNN model. The key idea of RNF is to discourage the classification head from capturing spurious correlation between fairness sensitive information in encoder representations with specific class labels. To address low-resource settings with no access to sensitive attribute annotations, we leverage a bias-amplified model to generate proxy annotations for sensitive attributes. Experimental results over several benchmark datasets demonstrate our RNF framework to effectively reduce discrimination of DNN models with minimal degradation in task-specific performance.
Conformational constraints of conserved neutralizing epitopes from a major antigenic area of human respiratory syncytial virus fusion glycoprotein (1993)

To study the conformational requirements of epitopes from a conserved antigenic area (area II) of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus fusion (F) glycoprotein, peptides of increasing length containing amino acids essential for these epitopes were synthesized. The synthetic peptides were tested for binding to a panel of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) for this area as well as to rabbit hyperimmune and human convalescent antisera. Antibody binding was dependent on peptide length; thus, a 61-residue peptide spanning amino acids 215 to 275 of the F1 subunit (peptide F215-275) reacted with more antibodies than a shorter (41-residue) peptide F235-275, and this one with more than the (21-residue) peptide F255-275. Most human convalescent sera contained antibodies that reacted with peptides F215-275 and F235-275 but failed to react with F255-275. The results of antibody binding could be related to the structure adopted by the peptides in solution, as determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy and susceptibility of peptides to trypsin digestion. Pretreatment of peptide F215-275 with SDS abolished reactivity with certain MAbs, supporting the notion that higher order structures were needed for antibody binding. High titre anti-peptide antisera were induced in rabbits inoculated with the peptides; however, these sera failed to react with the native F molecule. In mice, only the largest F215-275 peptide induced an anti-peptide response, but their sera reacted poorly with the native F protein and the animals were not protected against an RS virus challenge. These results illustrate the potential use of synthetic peptides in studies of the F protein physical and antigenic structures as well as the problems in designing synthetic RS virus vaccines.
Synthesis and reactions of lithio derivatives of 1‐allenylbenzotriazole (1995)

Abstract 1‐(2‐Chloropropen‐2‐yl)benzotriazole ( 6 ) is converted by heating with sodium hydroxide or by lithium diisopropylamide at ‐78° into 1‐allenylbenzotriazole ( 1 ) in high yield. Allene 1 undergoes in situ lithiation at the α‐carbon and subsequent reactions with iodomethane or carbonyl compounds to produce 1‐(1‐substituted allenyl)benzotriazoles 9 and 2a‐c , respectively. Three equivalents of lithium diisopropylamide dilithiated 1 and afforded symmetrical 1‐(1,3‐disubstituted allenyl)benzotriazoles 11a,b upon reaction with ketones. The unsymmetrical 1‐(1,3‐disubstituted allenyl)benzotriazole 5 was obtained via a stepwise addition of benzophenone to the lithio derivative of 1 followed by a second lithiation and quenching with acetone. Monosubstituted allenes 2a and 8 were cyclized into the benzotriazolyl substituted dihydrofuran 3 and dihydropyrrole 4 respectively.
Organized order in ornamentation (2017)

Decorative ornamentation involves a careful balance between accent and order. Existing techniques leave artists either with tedious manual processes or the uncontrolled automatic generation of rather homogeneous patterns that lack creatively-placed visual highlights. We present a method to close this gap, offering the control and quality of manual creation, and the efficiency and accuracy of computation. At the core of our system, customizable and modularly combinable element placement functions fill a space automatically under global design constraints. We provide a set of example placement functions that implement order based on design principles for ornamentation such as balanced element distribution and symmetry. To create structural hierarchies and to guide an ornament to the space it fills, we allow artists to direct the connectivity of elements with drawn strokes. Artists can also draw guides to create vector fields, which organize the ornament along streamlines. Path planning automatically routes around obstacles while aligning the ornament to their borders. Our method combines high-level control mechanisms like taking guidance from example images to low-level control like placing single elements as visual accents and making local edits within the computed ornament. By automating tedious tasks and offering familiar input mechanisms like drawing, we enable artists to focus on the creative intent.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation with Cheap Ligands (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.