gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain Targeting of anti-HIV Nucleosides: Ether Prodrugs of 3′-Azido-2′,3′-Dideoxyuridine (AZdU) and 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) (1993)

In an effort to increase the brain delivery of anti-HIV nucleosides, 5-0-benzyl and glucose derivatives of 3′-azido-2′,3′-dideoxyuridine (AZdU or CS-87) and 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT) were synthesized. In vitro stability and pharmacokinetic studies in mice were conducted with benzyl AZdU (BzlAZdU), benzyl AZT (BzlAZT), and glucose AZdU (GAZdU) prodrugs. In vitro studies indicated that the prodrugs were stable in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), human serum and mouse serum. In mouse brain homogenate, the degradation half-lives for BzlAZdU, BzlAZT, and GAZdU were 1.66, 2.06, and 0.98 h, respectively, and in liver homogenate the degradation half-lives were 0.49, 0.29, and 1.97h, respectively. Following intravenous administration of BzlAZdU, BzlAZT, or GAZdU to mice, prodrug and parent drug concentrations were measured in serum and brain by HPLC, and pharmacokinetic parameters determined. The brain:serum area under the concentration time-curve (AUC) ratio, a parameter indicative of prodrug uptake into brain, was 0.55 for BzlAZdU and 0.56 for BzlAZT, compared to 0.05–0.08 when the parent drugs AZdU and AZT were administered intravenously. GAZdU had poor brain penetration, achieving brain concentrations of only 5% of the serum concentrations. Parent drug concentrations in brain were, for the most part, not detected after administration of any of the prodrugs. Consistent with in vitro data, it is apparent that the prodrugs were converted to metabolites other than the parent drug species.
ChemInform Abstract: s‐Triazolo[3,4‐a]phthalazines from 1‐Phthalazinylhydrazones by Thianthrene Cation Radical Perchlorate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ultra-low k 1 oxide contact hole formation and metal filling using resist contact hole pattern by double L&S formation method (2007)

It was shown previously that the Double Line and Space (L&S) Formation Method (DLFM) is superior to other methods for forming a dense contact hole (C/H) resist pattern by simulation and 0.30 <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> 1:1 C/H resist pattern was formed experimentally. In this paper, a through process of C/H formation from resist patterning to metal filling is presented. The square C/Hs transferred to an oxide film from the resist pattern formed by the DLFM could be filled with metal, although the transferred C/Hs had square corners in comparison with the conventional C/H resist patterning. On the other hand, the combination of the DLFM and the 'Pack and Cover Process' makes it possible to form resist random C/Hs on grids. So, the possibility of forming random C/Hs filled with metal is shown. Moreover, the resolution limit of the DLFM is discussed. 0.29 <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> (half pitch 65 nm) and 0.27 <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> (half pitch 56 nm) 1:1 C/H resist pattern could be formed with optimized dipole illumination. So, random C/Hs with <i>k</i><sub>1</sub> below 0.30 are expected to be formed.
Ab initio calculations on hydrogen bonding in alcohols: dimers of CH/sub 3/OH, CH/sub 3/CH/sub 2/OH, and CF/sub 3/CH/sub 2/OH (1977)

Ab initio calculations on a series of alcohol dimers including (CH/sub 3/OH)/sub 2/, (CH/sub 3/CH/sub 2/OH)/sub 2/, and (CF/sub 3/CH/sub 2/OH)/sub 2/ have been carried out to compare the effects of various substituents on the hydrogen bond energies and structures and to correlate the results with the wealth of new experimental data on them. Calculations were done with the minimal STO-3G basis set. The methanol and ethanol dimers both have nearly linear hydrogen bonds. The ethanol dimer is also similar in energy to the methanol dimer. Dimers involving both the g-staggered and t-staggered isomers of 2,2,2 trifluoroethanol were considered. The g-staggered isomer is more stable than the t-staggered isomer by 0.7 kcal/mole and has an intramolecular bond. The dimer of the t-staggered isomer was found to have a linear hydrogen bond as in the methanol and ethanol dimers with a similar hydrogen bond energy. In contrast, the dimer of the g-staggered isomer has a cyclic structure which is more stable by about 0.5 kcal/mole. The results are consistent with experimental measurements of the gas phase enthalpies of association of alcohols.
Further characterization of the lipoprotein ice nucleator from freeze tolerant larvae of the cranefly Tipula trivittata (1991)

1. Using Western blots, immunological similarities were found between the hemolymph lipoprotein ice nucleator (LPIN) from freeze tolerant larvae of the cranefly Tipula trivittata and the ice nucleator protein from the bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens, indicating the presence of some amount of the well known repeat structure of the bacterial protein in the LPIN. 2. Delipidated LPIN apoproteins are inactive, but activity can be regained by reconstitution of the two apoprotein components of the LPIN with phosphatidylinositol (PI) in proteoliposomes. Substitution of PI-4,5-diphosphate or PI-4-monophosphate for PI in reconstitutions resulted in greatly reduced activity. 3. Treatment of the LPIN with periodate eliminated activity. 4. Thus, the presence of both apoproteins plus the integrity of the hydroxyls of the inositol head group of PI seem to be essential for ice nucleator activity of the LPIN.
High‐Throughput Magnetic Actuation Platform for Evaluating the Effect of Mechanical Force on 3D Tumor Microenvironment (2020)

Accurately replicating and analyzing cellular responses to mechanical cues is vital for exploring metastatic disease progression. However, many of the existing <i>in vitro</i> platforms for applying mechanical stimulation seed cells on synthetic substrates. To better recapitulate physiological conditions, a novel actuating platform is developed with the ability to apply tensile strain on cells at various amplitudes and frequencies in a high-throughput multi-well culture plate using a physiologically-relevant substrate. Suspending fibrillar fibronectin across the body of the magnetic actuator provides a matrix representative of early metastasis for 3D cell culture that is not reliant on a synthetic substrate. This platform enables the culturing and analysis of various cell types in an environment that mimics the dynamic stretching of lung tissue during normal respiration. Metabolic activity, YAP activation, and morphology of breast cancer cells are analyzed within one week of cyclic stretching or static culture. Further, matrix degradation is significantly reduced in breast cancer cell lines with metastatic potential after actuation. These new findings demonstrate a clear suppressive cellular response due to cyclic stretching that has implications for a mechanical role in the dormancy and reactivation of disseminated breast cancer cells to macrometastases.
Correction: β-Agonists Selectively Modulate Proinflammatory Gene Expression in Skeletal Muscle Cells via Non-Canonical Nuclear Crosstalk Mechanisms (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090649.].
Hot topics in physical acoustics (1993)

Because of the technical area of physical acoustics represents the center of Lindsay’s Wheel of Acoustics, this area is often the origin of many research topics that eventually find application in other committees, and even other disciplines. Thus, ‘‘hot’’ topics in physical acoustics can be defined as anything done by physical acousticians, especially if they involve bubbles! However, for the benefit of those from outside this area who want to learn something about this exciting committee, a number of topics that are currently of major interest will be discussed briefly and a few selected topics of particular interest to the presenter will be discussed in more detail. In particular, it will be shown how a few specific topics being developed by physical acousticians have direct relevance to problems of more general interest to our society. For example, advances in the important new area of sonochemistry await progress in the fundamental understanding of sonoluminescence; advances in the new ventures of medical ultrasound, such as extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and ultrasonic surgery, await a more complete understanding of acoustic cavitation and nonlinear acoustics; the utilization of containerless processing of exotic materials in space awaits developments in acoustic levitation and an understanding of the surface-oscillation characteristics of liquid drops. These and similar topics will be discussed in some detail.
Local Oscillator Concept for the Event Horizon Imager (2022)

The Event Horizon Imager (EHI) is a mission concept conceived to provide a radio image of the surroundings of the event horizons of SgrA* and M87* supermassive black holes with an angular resolution at least an order of magnitude better than that achievable by radio telescopes on ground. The concept is based on performing space-to-space very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) using two satellites in medium Earth orbit at slightly different altitudes. Projected baselines up to about 26,000[Formula: see text]km and down to a few tens of kilometers can be realized. Free of atmospheric perturbations, EHI is observed in three channels: 557[Formula: see text]GHz, the main frequency to achieve the finest angular resolution by minimizing the scattering of the inter-stellar medium towards our galactic center; 230[Formula: see text]GHz, inherited from the event horizon telescope (EHT); finally, 43[Formula: see text]GHz in support of the relative delay determination. The whole EHI concept relies on very precise relative positioning between the two satellites including wavelength bootstrapping and a novel local oscillator concept that is the topic of this paper. It is shown that atomic clocks cannot provide sufficient coherence over the needed integration time. Instead, a system consisting of conventional crystal oscillators and an inter-satellite link (ISL) that can work coherently for extended periods of time, longer than required, and is therefore better suited for EHI is demonstrated.
Simplification of transfer function in switching converter with general load impedance (2002)

Conventionally the small-signal characteristics of switching DC-DC converters have usually been analyzed on the assumption that the load is a pure resistance mainly for analytical simplicity. However, in many cases an actual load is not necessarily a pure resistance. This paper presents a simplified transfer function of duty ratio to output voltage of the forward switching converter with a general load impedance by introducing some assumptions which are usually satisfied. The validity of the simplified transfer function is confirmed by comparing computer-calculated results with experimental data. This approach is applied to some other switching converter topologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
What does ultra low power requirements mean for side-channel secure cryptography? (2016)

The design of low power and side-channel-attack resistant encryption engine is a key challenge to enhance security of resource-constrained platforms. This paper present case studies to show that the low-power requirement is a challenge as well as an opportunity for improving side-channel resistance. On one hand, low-power encryption architecture can be more vulnerable to power-attack; and the countermeasures comes with significant overhead. However, on the other hand, low-power circuit techniques such as integrated voltage regulation or adaptive clocking can also be exploited to improve power-attack resistance. The analysis shows the need for future research on low-power and side-channel secure cryptography.
A 7-Tap transverse analog-FIR filter in 0.13μm CMOS for equalization of 10Gb/s fiber-optic data systems (2005)

A 130mA 2.5V 7-tap analog FIR equalizer for 10Gb/s fiber-optic links is implemented in a 0.12 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The filter precedes the receiver CDR and recovers data signals distorted by multi-mode fiber dispersion over a 600m link to a BER <10/sup -12/. Tap delays are implemented by a combination of passive and buffered LC transmission lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Solution‐ and Solid‐State Structural Studies of (Halomethyl)zinc Reagents. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Charge storage model for hysteretic negative-differential resistance in metal-molecule-metal junctions (2006)

Experimental results on the electrical characteristics of Hg-alkanethiol∕arenethiol-Au molecular junctions are used to develop a physical model for the hysteretic negative-differential resistance (NDR) for these, and possibly other, metal-molecule-metal junctions. The dependence of the room-temperature current-voltage characteristic on sweep direction and sweep rate is examined. Based on several specific electronic behaviors, it is concluded that the NDR is caused by slow charge capture (reduction or oxidation) during the forward sweep and the resultant effect on tunneling. The implications of this model on potential electronic applications are discussed.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Wacker Cyclizations in Nonpolar Organic Solvents with Molecular Oxygen: A Stepping Stone to Asymmetric Aerobic Cyclizations (2003)

Der Ring schließt sich: Eine Vielzahl oxidativer Nucleophil-Alken-Cyclisierungen verläuft in unpolaren Lösungsmitteln unter einfachen aeroben Bedingungen mit ausgezeichneten Ausbeuten. Als Nucleophile können Carbonsäuren, Amide, primäre Alkohole und Phenole eingesetzt werden. Mit einem Pd-Spartein-Katalysatorsystem (siehe Bild) gelingen einfache Phenol-Alken-Cyclisierungen mit Enantioselektivitäten bis zu 90 % ee. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51196_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of Substituted Benzenes from 1,3‐Dienes or 1,4‐Cyclohexadienes with KMnO4 under Mild Conditions. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
All three J‐domain proteins of the Escherichia coli DnaK chaperone machinery are DNA binding proteins (2005)

DnaJ, DjlA and CbpA are the J-domain proteins of DnaK, the major Hsp70 of Escherichia coli. CbpA was originally discovered as a DNA binding protein. Here, we show that DNA binding is a property of DnaJ and DjlA as well. Of special interest in this respect is DjlA, as this cytoplasmic protein is membrane bound and, as shown here, its affinity for DNA is extremely high. The finding that all the three J-proteins of DnaK are DNA binding proteins sheds new light on the cellular activity of these proteins.
Corrugated waveguide and directional coupler for CW 250-GHz gyrotron DNP experiments (2005)

A 250-GHz corrugated transmission line with a directional coupler for forward and backward power monitoring has been constructed and tested for use with a 25-W continuous-wave gyrotron for dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) experiments. The main corrugated line (22-mm internal diameter, 2.4-m long) connects the gyrotron output to the DNP probe input. The directional coupler, inserted approximately midway, is a four-port crossed waveguide beamsplitter design. Two beamsplitters, a quartz plate and ten-wire array, were tested with output coupling of 2.5% (-16 dB) at 250.6 GHz and 1.6% (-18 dB), respectively. A pair of mirrors in the DNP probe transferred the gyrotron beam from the 22-mm waveguide to an 8-mm helically corrugated waveguide for transmission through the final 0.58-m distance inside the NMR magnet to the sample. The transmission-line components were all cold tested with a 248 ± 4-GHz radiometer. A total insertion loss of 0.8 dB was achieved for HE(11) -mode propagation from the gyrotron to the sample with only 1% insertion loss for the 22-mm-diameter waveguide. A clean Gaussian gyrotron beam at the waveguide output and reliable forward power monitoring were achieved for many hours of continuous operation.
Nanotechnology and Active Thin Films for Compact RF Components and Agile Systems (2006)

The development of compact sensor and agile communications equipment together with electronically steerable antenna arrays for high mobility, on-the-move networking can be enhanced by use of nanoscale active thin film resonators, high stability frequency sources, integrated on-chip filters and complementary radiating structures supported by agile frequency selective surfaces. For mobile uses such as cell phones and highly mobile tactical communications, size and cost are severe additional constraints. Such systems also require miniaturized, high-Q passive components and interconnects which allow for high performance, including low noise, reduced coupling and reduced out-of-band interference, small volume and high-density. Active thin films can also be used to implement high quality resonators and tunable filters for use in high-density chip-based RFICs. Advanced filter technology using active thin films will enable a high level of integration. Such components would enable a system-on-a-chip architecture. Use of metamaterial frequency selective surfaces formed by fractal-space-filling-curve inclusions, together with non-linear thin-film elements or photonically-activated thin-film elements at a certain point(s) of each inclusion can be used to realize surface characteristics that can be potentially changed by an external field or an external optical signal. Finally, dense networks of carbon nanotube resonators offer the possibility of realizing CMOS-compatible reconfigurable systems and architectures. Keywords: Sensorsagile communicationsantennasactive thin films Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the generous support for a portion of this work by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory under Contract DAAD-19-01-2-0008, internal CERDEC R&D and DARPA investment.
Effect of deuterium substitution on thermodynamic interactions in polymer blends (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of deuterium substitution on thermodynamic interactions in polymer blendsWilliam W. Graessley, Ramanan Krishnamoorti, Nitash P. Balsara, Lewis J. Fetters, David J. Lohse, Donald N. Schulz, and J. A. SissanoCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 5, 1137–1143Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00057a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00057a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Through-silicon via and die stacking technologies for microsystems-integration (2008)

The highest integration density of microsystems can be obtained using a 3D-stacking approach, where each layer of the stack is realized using a different technology, which may include sensors, imagers, rf and MEMS technologies. A key challenge is however to perform such stacking in a cost-effective manner. In this paper, a novel 3D TSV and 3D stacking technologies will be presented. Application examples are MEMS packaging and heterogeneous integration of imaging devices.
Fabrication of Nanoparticles by Electric Discharge Plasma in Liquid (2013)

The electric plasma discharge method involves the application of a voltage between a cathode and anode in a conductive electrolytic solution to create a discharge plasma at the cathode. When certain material is used as the cathode, small droplets are emitted with the plasma discharge, and the melted droplets are rapidly cooled in the solution to form nanoscale particles of the material. In this work, nanoparticles of Al, Au, Si, and various alloys of between 100 nm and less than 10 nm in size were produced and characterized. Characterization of Si nanoparticles is especially important because their use in lithium batteries greatly influences battery performance. It was found by high resolution electron microscopy and microstructural surface analysis that oxidation layers of a few nm in thickness were formed on the surface of the Si nanoparticles.