gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Optimization of 3D Meta-Volumes for Complementary Phases Enabling Wide Field of View RCS Reduction (2022)

Conventionally, the design of coding metasurface unit cells focuses on the performance at normal incidence. The traditional design process has been confined to working within the paradigm of two-dimensional planar or multilayer structures which inherently possess a limited field of view (FoV). Here, in a fundamental departure from this paradigm, a pair of three-dimensional unit cells are simultaneously optimized using a multi-objective genetic algorithm in order to firsthand design the unit cells for maximum performance at oblique incidence angles. These unit cells were then configured into a diffuse array for the purpose of RCS reduction. The surface reduces the bistatic, specular RCS (radar cross section) by 90% (10 dB) over a worst-case 63% bandwidth for oblique incidence of 70 degrees at H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> polarization and by 80% (7 dB) over a worst-case 70% bandwidth for oblique incidence of 45 degrees at E <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> polarization.
FZD2 regulates limb development by mediating β-catenin-dependent and -independent Wnt signaling pathways (2023)

Human Robinow syndrome (RS) and dominant omodysplasia type 2 (OMOD2), characterized by skeletal limb and craniofacial defects, are associated with heterozygous mutations in the Wnt receptor FZD2. However, as FZD2 can activate both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways, its precise functions and mechanisms of action in limb development are unclear. To address these questions, we generated mice harboring a single-nucleotide insertion in Fzd2 (Fzd2em1Smill), causing a frameshift mutation in the final Dishevelled-interacting domain. Fzd2em1Smill mutant mice had shortened limbs, resembling those of RS and OMOD2 patients, indicating that FZD2 mutations are causative. Fzd2em1Smill mutant embryos displayed decreased canonical Wnt signaling in developing limb mesenchyme and disruption of digit chondrocyte elongation and orientation, which is controlled by the β-catenin-independent WNT5A/planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. In line with these observations, we found that disruption of FZD function in limb mesenchyme caused formation of shortened bone elements and defects in Wnt/β-catenin and WNT5A/PCP signaling. These findings indicate that FZD2 controls limb development by mediating both canonical and non-canonical Wnt pathways and reveal causality of pathogenic FZD2 mutations in RS and OMOD2 patients.
Multi-Domain VNF Mapping Algorithms (2018)

5G technologies are taking benefit of the Network Function Virtualization to achieve more flexible deployments. This new paradigm allows the resource sharing between operators in federated environments thanks to the decomposition of services into virtual network functions connected together composing a “service function chain”. This work proposes algorithms to solve the placement of such chains in federated multi-domain scenarios satisfying imposed restrictions in terms of resource sharing. Algorithms run on top of an implemented simulator for federated scenarios where multiple operators are involved. Two of our proposed solutions reach O(N) running times in certain scenarios. Our results also show that we achieve acceptance ratios very similar to those obtained using a tabu meta-heuristic implementation.
The future of “Retro” robotic partial nephrectomy (2021)

Partial nephrectomy (PN) is the gold standard treatment for appropriately selected renal masses. Recent surgical advancements and adoption of the robotic technique has led to greater adoption of nephron-sparing surgery. Robotic PN was initially described via the transperitoneal (TP) approach, however, retroperitoneal (RP) access is possible and in some cases more desirable. In the RP approach, the kidney is accessed from its posterior surface and the intraperitoneal space is avoided. The RP approach to PN has the benefit of avoiding intraperitoneal viscera and colonic mobilization in patients with extensive prior abdominal surgery. The technique also eliminates the need for renal unit rotation in patients with posterior tumors and affords access to masses directly posterior to the renal hilum. The RP and TP approach to PN have shown similar oncologic and perioperative outcomes. Several recent studies have reported shorter operative times and lengths of stay (LOS) with comparable warm ischemia times for the RP approach when compared to transperitoneal PN (tPN). Given the indispensable deliverables of this approach in select patients, robotic retroperitoneal PN (rPN) should be in the armamentarium of a versatile urologic kidney surgeon. This review describes the current state of rPN and compares the indications and outcomes of the TP and RP approaches.
3-(Piperazinylpropyl)indoles:  Selective, Orally Bioavailable h5-HT1DReceptor Agonists as Potential Antimigraine Agents (1999)

Clinically effective antimigraine drugs such as Sumatriptan have similar affinity at h5-HT1D and h5-HT1B receptors. In the search for a h5-HT1D-selective agonist as an antimigraine agent, a novel series of 3-(propylpiperazinyl)indoles have been synthesized and evaluated at h5-HT1D and h5-HT1B receptors. This class of compounds has provided subnanomolar, fully efficacious h5-HT1D agonists with up to 200-fold selectivity for the h5-HT1D receptor over the h5-HT1B receptor. Unlike other h5-HT1D-selective series, several propylpiperazines demonstrate good oral bioavailability. The optimum compound was 1-(3-[5-(1,2, 4-triazol-4-yl)-1H-indol-3-yl]propyl)-4-(2-(3-fluorophenyl)ethyl)p ipe razine (7f) which has excellent selectivity for h5-HT1D receptors over other 5-HT receptor subtypes and good oral bioavailability in three species. Compound 7f has been selected for further investigation as a potential development candidate in the treatment of migraine.
The HLA Class II Allele DRB1*1501 Is Over-Represented In Patients With Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2011)

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and medically refractory lung disease with a grim prognosis.Although the etiology of IPF remains perplexing, abnormal adaptive immune responses are evident in many afflicted patients.We hypothesized that perturbations of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) allele frequencies, which are often seen among patients with immunologic diseases, may also be present in IPF patients.Methods/Principal Findings: HLA alleles were determined in subpopulations of IPF and normal subjects using molecular typing methods.HLA-DRB1*15 was over-represented in a discovery cohort of 79 Caucasian IPF subjects who had lung transplantations at the University of Pittsburgh (36.7%) compared to normal reference populations.These findings were prospectively replicated in a validation cohort of 196 additional IPF subjects from four other U.S. medical centers that included both ambulatory patients and lung transplantation recipients.High-resolution typing was used to further define specific HLA-DRB1*15 alleles.DRB1*1501 prevalence in IPF subjects was similar among the 143 ambulatory patients and 132 transplant recipients (31.5% and 34.8%, respectively, p = 0.55).The aggregate prevalence of DRB1*1501 in IPF patients was significantly greater than among 285 healthy controls (33.1% vs. 20.0%,respectively, OR 2.0; 95%CI 1.3-2.9,p = 0.0004).IPF patients with DRB1*1501 (n = 91) tended to have decreased diffusing capacities for carbon monoxide (DL CO ) compared to the 184 disease subjects who lacked this allele (37.861.7% vs. 42.861.4%,p = 0.036).Conclusions/Significance: DRB1*1501 is more prevalent among IPF patients than normal subjects, and may be associated with greater impairment of gas exchange.These data are novel evidence that immunogenetic processes can play a role in the susceptibility to and/or manifestations of IPF.Findings here of a disease association at the HLA-DR locus have broad pathogenic implications, illustrate a specific chromosomal area for incremental, targeted genomic study, and may identify a distinct clinical phenotype among patients with this enigmatic, morbid lung disease.
Using models of the passive cardiac conductivity and full heart anisotropic bidomain to study the epicardial potentials in ischemia (2005)

In this paper we present a multi-scale approach for cardiac modeling. Based on the histology of cardiac tissue we created a geometrical model at a cellular scale to compute the effective conductivity of a piece of cardiac tissue. In turn, the conductivity values obtained from this cellular scale model were used in a whole heart model in which we simulated regional, subendocardial ischemia. Histological changes at a cellular level led to changes in the effective conductivity tensor of the tissue, which in turn resulted in changes in the epicardial potential patterns during the ST-interval. Two effects were studied using this multi-scale approach: (1) the influence of a dynamically growing ischemic region on the epicardial potentials, and (2) the influence of a dynamically changing conductivity in the ischemic zone due to changes in the underlying pathology. One specific finding was the presence of epicardial patterns consisting of a central elevation and two opposite depressions at the edges of the ischemic zone which rotated as the ischemia became more transmural. In addition, the epicardial potentials decreased in magnitude with the duration of the ischemia due to changes in the effective conductivity of the ischemic tissue predicted by the cellular level model.
Modeling of Carbohydrate Binding Modules Complexed to Cellulose (2012)

Modeling results are presented for the interaction of two carbohydrate binding modules (CBMs) with cellulose. The family 1 CBM from Trichoderma reesei's Cel7A cellulase was modeled using molecular dynamics to confirm that this protein selectively binds to the hydrophobic (100) surface of cellulose fibrils and to determine the energetics and mechanisms for locating this surface. Modeling was also conducted of binding of the family 4 CBM from the CbhA complex from Clostridium thermocellum. There is a cleft in this protein, which may accommodate a cellulose chain that is detached from crystalline cellulose. This possibility is explored using molecular dynamics.
Role of CD25+ CD4+ T cells in acute and persistent coronavirus infection of the central nervous system (2013)

The influence of CD25(+)CD4(+) regulatory T cells (Treg) on acute and chronic viral infection of the central nervous system (CNS) was examined using a glial tropic murine coronavirus. Treg in the CNS were highest during initial T cell mediated virus control, decreased and then remained relatively stable during persistence. Anti-CD25 treatment did not affect CNS recruitment of inflammatory cells. Viral control was initially delayed; however, neither the kinetics of viral control nor viral persistence were affected. By contrast, the absence of Treg during the acute phase resulted in increased demyelination during viral persistence. These data suggest that CNS inflammation, progression of viral control and viral persistence are relatively independent of CD25(+)CD4(+) Treg. However, their absence during acute infection alters the ability of the host to limit tissue damage.
Exercise effect on insulin-dependent and insulin-independent glucose utilization in healthy individuals and individuals with type 1 diabetes: a modeling study (2021)

Exercise effects (EE) on whole body glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) occur through insulin-independent (IIRd) and insulin-dependent (IDRd) mechanisms. Quantifying these processes in vivo would allow a better understanding of the physiology of glucose regulation. This is of particular importance in individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) since such a knowledge may help to improve glucose management. However, such a model is still lacking. Here, we analyzed data from six T1D and six nondiabetic (ND) subjects undergoing a labeled glucose clamp study during, before, and after a 60-min exercise session at 65% V̇o<sub>2max</sub> on three randomized visits: euglycemia-low insulin, euglycemia-high insulin, and hyperglycemia-low insulin. We tested a set of models, all sharing a single-compartment description of glucose kinetics, but differing in how exercise is assumed to modulate glucose disposal. Model selection was based on parsimony criteria. The best model assumed an exercise-induced immediate effect on IIRd and a delayed effect on IDRd. It predicted that exercise increases IIRd, compared with rest, by 66%-82% and 67%-97% in T1D and ND, respectively, not significantly different between the two groups. Conversely, the exercise effect on IDRd ranged between 81% and 155% in T1D and it was significantly higher than ND, which ranged between 10% and 40%. The exaggerated effect observed in IDRd can explain the higher hypoglycemia risk related to individuals with T1D. This novel exercise model could help in informing safe and effective glucose management during and after exercise in individuals with T1D.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Here, we present a new mathematical model describing the effect of moderate physical activity on insulin-mediated and noninsulin-mediated glucose disposal in subjects with and without diabetes. We believe that this represents a step-forward in the knowledge of type 1 diabetes pathophysiology, and an useful tool to design safe and effective insulin-therapies.
A layered lattice coding scheme for a class of three user Gaussian interference channels (2008)

The paper studies a class of three user Gaussian interference channels. A new layered lattice coding scheme is introduced as a transmission strategy. The use of lattice codes allows for an ldquoalignmentrdquo of the interference observed at each receiver. The layered lattice coding is shown to achieve more than one degree of freedom for a class of interference channels and also achieves rates which are better than the rates obtained using the Han-Kobayashi coding scheme.
Listeria monocytogenes TcyKLMN cystine/cysteine transporter facilitates glutathione synthesis and virulence gene expression (2021)

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes ( Lm ) is a saprophyte and a human intracellular pathogen. Upon invasion into mammalian cells, it senses multiple metabolic and environmental signals that collectively trigger its transition to the pathogenic state. One of these signals is the tripeptide glutathione, which acts as an allosteric activator of Lm ’s master virulence regulator, PrfA. While glutathione synthesis by Lm was shown to be critical for PrfA activation and virulence gene expression, it remains unclear how this tripeptide is synthesized under changing environments, especially in light of the observation that Lm is auxotrophic to one of its precursors, cysteine. Here, we show that the ABC transporter TcyKLMN is a cystine/cysteine importer that supplies cysteine for glutathione synthesis, hence mediating the induction of the virulence genes. Further, we demonstrate that this transporter is negatively regulated by three metabolic regulators: CodY, CymR and CysK, which sense and respond to changing concentrations of branched chain amino acids (BCAA) and cysteine. The data indicate that under low concentrations of BCAA, TcyKLMN is up-regulated, driving the production of glutathione by supplying cysteine, thereby facilitating PrfA activation. These findings provide molecular insight into the coupling of Lm metabolism and virulence, connecting BCAA sensing to cysteine uptake and glutathione biosynthesis, as a mechanism that controls virulence gene expression. This study exemplifies how bacterial pathogens sense their intracellular environment and exploit essential metabolites as effectors of virulence. Importance Bacterial pathogens sense the repertoire of metabolites in the mammalian niche and use this information to shift into a pathogenic state to accomplish successful infection. Glutathione is a virulence-activating signal that is synthesized by L. monocytogenes during infection of mammalian cells. In this study, we show that cysteine uptake via TcyKLMN drives glutathione synthesis and virulence gene expression. The data emphasize the intimate cross-regulation between metabolism and virulence in bacterial pathogens.
Synthesis of New Anionic and Cationic Polymerizable Surfactants for Emulsion Polymerization of Styrene (2010)

Abstract New anionic and cationic maleic surfmers containing a benzyl or p‐vinylbenzyl hydrophobic tail were prepared and characterized. The behaviour of benzyl maleate hemiester in the emulsion polymerization process of styrene has been studied in the presence of potassium persulfate as initiator. The effect of surfmer concentration on particle diameter was particularly investigated.
Evidence for altered insulin signalling in the brains of genetic absence epilepsy rats from Strasbourg (2020)

Abstract Insulin‐mediated signalling in the brain is critical for neuronal functioning. Insulin resistance is implicated in the development of some neurological diseases, although changes associated with absence epilepsy have not been established yet. Therefore, we examined the major components of PI3K/Akt‐mediated insulin signalling in cortical, thalamic, and hippocampal tissues collected from Genetic Absence Epilepsy Rats from Strasbourg (GAERS) and Non‐Epileptic Control (NEC) rats. Insulin levels were also measured in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). For the brain samples, the nuclear fraction (NF) and total homogenate (TH) were isolated and investigated for insulin signalling markers including insulin receptor beta (IRβ), IR substrate‐1 and 2 (IRS1 &amp; 2), phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN), phosphoinositide 3‐kinase phospho‐85 alpha (PI3K p85α), phosphatidylinositol 4,5‐bisphosphate, phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)‐trisphosphate, protein kinase B (PKB/Akt1/2/3), glucose transporter‐1 and 4 (GLUT1 &amp; 4) and glycogen synthase kinase‐3β (GSK3β) using western blotting. A significant increase in PTEN and GSK3β levels and decreased PI3K p85α and pAkt1/2/3 levels were observed in NF of GAERS cortical and hippocampal tissues. IRβ, IRS1, GLUT1, and GLUT4 levels were significantly decreased in hippocampal TH of GAERS compared to NEC. A non‐significant increase in insulin levels was observed in plasma and CSF of GAERS rats. An insulin sensitivity assay showed decreased p‐Akt level in cortical and hippocampal tissues. Together, altered hippocampal insulin signalling was more prominent in NF and TH compared to cortical and thalamic regions in GAERS. Restoring insulin signalling may improve the pathophysiology displayed by GAERS, including the spike‐and‐wave discharges that relate to absence seizures in patients.
DSA patterning options for FinFET formation at 7nm node (2016)

Several 27nm-pitch directed self-assembly (DSA) processes targeting fin formation for FinFET device fabrication are studied in a 300mm pilot line environment, including chemoepitaxy for a conventional Fin arrays, graphoepitaxy for a customization approach and a hybrid approach for self-aligned Fin cut. The trade-off between each DSA flow is discussed in terms of placement error, Fin CD/profile uniformity, and restricted design. Challenges in pattern transfer are observed and process optimization are discussed. Finally, silicon Fins with 100nm depth and on-target CD using different DSA options with either lithographic or self-aligned customization approach are demonstrated.
The Total Synthesis of (±)‐Fortucine and a Revision of the Structure of Kirkine (2008)

A molecular zipper: The total synthesis of the natural product fortucine relies on a radical cascade process initiated by the generation of a nitrogen-centered (amidyl) radical (see picture). The procedure is concise, and tin-free, as well as stereo- and regioselective. This synthesis has enabled the correction of the structure of kirkine, and the strategy represents a general and rapid entry into the galanthan framework.
Characterization of photocurable coatings using fluorescence probes (1996)

Abstract In this paper, we describe a novel method for monitoring the degree of cure and coating thickness of photocurable resins using intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) fluorescence probes such as 5‐dimethylaminonaphthalene‐1‐sulfonyl‐n‐butylamide (DASB) and 6‐propionyl‐2‐(dimethylamino)‐naphthalene (PRODAN). As the curing reaction proceeded, the fluorescence emission spectra of the ICT probes were found to exhibit hypsochromic spectral shifts because of the increase in matrix microviscosity, which made it more difficult for the excited molecule to relax to its twisted charge transfer state. The spectral changes of the probes as a function of the degree of the cure were monitored using a fluorescence intensity ratio method, which enabled an internal calibration of fluctuations in lamp intensity and sample thickness. It was found that the ratios of the fluorescence emission intensities at two different wavelengths were correlated linearly with the degree of polymerization for different types of acrylic or unsaturated polyester resins using either UV or visible (VIS) initiators. The coating thickness of photopolymers was measured based upon the nascent fluorescence from the coating substrate by virtue of an emission (from the substrate) and adsorption (by the coating) mechanism. The thicker the coating, the less the nascent fluorescence emission that can be observed. So the intensity of the nascent fluorescence from the substrate can be correlated to the coating thickness.
Imaging by Integrating Stitched Spectrograms (2013)

A new diffractive imaging technique named Imaging By Integrating Stitched Spectrograms (IBISS) is presented. The technique is successfully demonstrated using a Helium Neon laser to image a 350-µm wide sample with 12µm resolution.
Introducing Glycolinkers for the Functionalization of Cytotoxic Drugs and Applications in Antibody–Drug Conjugation Chemistry (2016)

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) are promising alternatives to naked antibodies for selective drug-delivery applications and treatment of diseases such as cancer. Construction of ADCs relies upon site-selective, efficient and mild conjugation technologies. The choice of a chemical linker is especially important, as it affects the overall properties of the ADC. We envisioned that hydrophilic bifunctional chemical linkers based on carbohydrates would be a useful class of derivatization agents for the construction of linker-drug conjugates and ADCs. Herein we describe the synthesis of carbohydrate-based derivatization agents, glycolinker-drug conjugates featuring the tubulin inhibitor monomethyl auristatin E and an ADC based on an anti-EGFR antibody. In addition, an initial in vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of the individual components and the ADC is provided against EGFR-positive cancer cells.
Optical metro-access ring featuring a flexible color management (2004)

http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1359620
Metal-binding chimeric antibodies expressed in Escherichia coli. (1992)

Metallothionein, a well-characterized biological chelator of metals, has been genetically fused to the binding domain of an antibody and expressed in the periplasm of Escherichia coli. Specific delivery of 109Cd to immobilized hapten or to haptenated cells was demonstrated directly in periplasmic extracts. This approach is potentially useful for targeted radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging. We find six to seven atoms of metal per active antigen-combining site. Absence of the Fc portion of the immunoglobulin along with low immunogenicity of metallothionein-metal complexes should reduce immunologic reactions.