gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AIRES: An Airborne Infra-Red Echelle Spectrometer for SOFIA (1999)

SOFIA will enable astronomical observations with unprecedented angular resolution at infrared wavelengths obscured from the ground. To help open this new chapter in the exploration of the infrared universe, we are building AIRES, an Airborne Infra-Red Echelle Spectrometer. AIRES will be operated as a first generation, general purpose facility instrument by USRA, NASA's prime contractor for SOFIA. AIRES is a long slit spectrograph operating from 17 - 210 microns. In high resolution mode the spectral resolving power is approx. 10(exp 6) microns/A or approx. 10(exp 4) at 100 microns. Unfortunately, since the conference, a low resolution mode with resolving power about 100 times lower has been deleted due to budgetary constraints. AIRES includes a slit viewing camera which operates in broad bands at 18 and 25 microns.
De novo design of ligands (1994)

SUMMARY We have developed an integrated, rational drugdesign system consisting of four programs: CAVITY, FOUNDATION, DBMAKER, and SPLICE. The first two programs are utilized to characterize the active site and retrieve complementary molecular frugments. Databases containing 30 structures for searching can be generated using the program DBMAKER along with CONCORD. Finally, the program SPLICE is used to edit and assemble recovered components into complete ligands. To illustrate our approach, novel ligands designed to complement the NADPH-binding site of DHFR were produced. *To whom correspondence should be addressed.
Continuously tunable microdroplet-laser in a microfluidic channel (2011)

This paper describes the generation and optical characterization of a series of dye-doped droplet-based optical microcavities with continuously decreasing radius in a microfluidic channel. A flow-focusing nozzle generated the droplets (~21 μm in radius) using benzyl alcohol as the disperse phase and water as the continuous phase. As these drops moved down the channel, they dissolved, and their size decreased. The emission characteristics from the drops could be matched to the whispering gallery modes from spherical micro-cavities. The wavelength of emission from the drops changed from 700 to 620 nm as the radius of the drops decreased from 21 μm to 7 μm. This range of tunability in wavelengths was larger than that reported in previous work on droplet-based cavities.
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) Recording Call Flows (2017)

Session recording is a critical requirement in many communications
environments, such as call centers and financial trading
organizations. In some of these environments, all calls must be
recorded for regulatory, compliance, and consumer-protection reasons.
The recording of a session is typically performed by sending a copy of
a media stream to a recording device. This document lists call flows
with metadata snapshots sent from a Session Recording Client (SRC) to
a Session Recording Server (SRS).
Cellular Microfabrication: Observing Intercellular Interactions Using Lithographically-Defined DNA Capture Sequences (2012)

Previous reports have shown that synthetic DNA strands can be attached to the plasma membrane of living cells to equip them with artificial adhesion "receptors" that bind to complementary strands extending from material surfaces. This approach is compatible with a wide range of cell types, offers excellent capture efficiency, and can potentially be used to create complex multicellular arrangements through the use of multiple capture sequences. In this work, we apply an aluminum "lift off" lithography method to allow the efficient generation of complex patterns comprising different DNA sequences. The resulting surfaces are then demonstrated to be able to capture up to three distinct types of living cells in specific locations. The utility of this approach is demonstrated through the observation of patterned cells as they communicate by diffusion-based paracrine signaling. It is anticipated that the ability of this technique to create virtually any type of 2D heterogeneous cell pattern should prove highly useful for the examination of key questions in cell signaling, including stem cell differentiation and cancer metastasis.
A transformational approach to case-based synthesis (1991)

Design is not done in a vacuum. Engineers often rely on prior designs to make new design decisions instead of solving every new problem from scratch. Prior designs that represent good solutions to the tightly coupled nature of mechanical devices are used as guides. Moreover, prior failures are used to avoid repeating old mistakes. In this paper we present a computer-based approach to exploiting the knowledge embodied in prior designs. Reasoning from design cases requires the ability to use cases, or pieces of cases that realize subfunctions of the device being designed. It is, however, difficult to recognize and retrieve relevant cases or case pieces using a given design specification. Because there is no one-to-one correspondence between the desired behavior of a device and the individual component behaviors, it is often not possible to find relevant design cases by using the given overall behavioral specification as an index into case memory. We approach this problem by elaborating the given behavior specification into a description that gives rise to indices with which relevant components can be retrieved. The elaborations are carried out in a behavior-preserving manner using two transformation operators that (a) rely on physical laws if it is known which ones are relevant, or (b) hypothesize behaviors and then search the case memory for ways in which the required behaviors may be achieved. These two approaches are used opportunistically in CADET, a case-based mechanical design system.
Growing Tiny Publics (2018)

Drawing from fieldwork of 14 small food farms in the Midwest, we describe the on-the-ground, practical challenges of doing and communicating sustainability when local food production is not well-supported. We illustrate how farmers enact learned and honed tactics of sustainability at key sites such as farmers' markets and the Internet with consumers. These tactics reveal tensions with dominant discourse from government, Big Ag, and popular culture. The success of these tactics depends on farmers having fortitude--control, resilience, and the wherewithal to be exemplars of sustainability. In our discussion, we highlight how the local farmers' social movement work constitutes loosely organized small groups connecting others to an amorphous idea of a sustainable society--one that sustains an environmental, economic, local, cultural, and physical way of life. Using Fine's concept of tiny publics, we identify design opportunities for supporting this less directed kind of social movement.
Intercell Interference Coordination Without Base Station Cooperation for Wireless Cellular Networks (2022)

We consider the downlink of a wireless cellular network where the base stations are equipped with multiple antennas and operate in the same frequency band. Due to temporal multi-user scheduling, the spatial transmit signal processing changes with each time slot and base stations require non-causal information about future scheduling and precoding decisions of neighboring base stations in order to encode their data accurately. This can, in theory, be accomplished by a high-capacity backhaul network through which the base stations can exchange channel state information (CSI) and other control signaling. In reality, the temporal granularity of the scheduler does not allow for timely distribution of CSI among base stations. We propose a two-phase scheduler which optimizes the precoding in the first phase and allows the users to feed back their instantaneous interference power in the second phase. If the scheduling is synchronized among base stations, additional infrastructure is not required and base stations operate independently. For single-user transmissions we propose a proportional-fair two-phase scheduler and compare its performance to multi-user two-phase scheduling with dirty paper coding and to algorithms that share CSI among base stations. Simulation results unveil that two-phase scheduling is a viable and technically feasible solution to deal with non-stationary intercell interference. We propose a precoding scheme that explicitly makes use of two-phase scheduling by maximizing the signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio in the first phase. It can be implemented for both instantaneous and average CSI and works with and without coordination among base stations. Lastly, we analyze the impact of non-stationary intercell interference on heterogeneous cellular architectures where traditional networks are overlaid with additional low-power base stations. We show that open-access picocells can be deployed as is whereas closed-access femtocells require coordination between the legacy macro-layer and the novel femto-layer. We propose a probabilistic power control algorithm that computes the femto-layer transmit power for a given cell at the corresponding macro base station which distributes it to the femto base stations. The algorithm is solely based on measurements readily available and no additional information exchange from the femto-layer to the macro-layer is required.
Robust Beamformer Design Against Mismatch in Microphone Characteristics and Acoustic Environment (2018)

Broadband beamformers are known to be sensitive not only to mismatches in microphone characteristics but also in the acoustic environment. In this work, we propose a robust broadband beamformer design using weighted least square optimization technique, which takes into account the room reverberation as well as the mismatches in microphone gain and phase characteristics. The robust design procedure optimize the mean performance of the beamformer with the room impulse response estimated using the image source method. Design examples demonstrate performance improvement in terms of significant reduction in error sensitivity for the robust design formulation.
The effect of dose, route and virulence of bovine herpesvirus 1 vaccine on experimental respiratory disease in cattle. (1983)

Three experiments were conducted with calves in which, following intramuscular or intranasal vaccination with virulent or attenuated bovine herpesvirus 1, calves were protected against bovine herpesvirus 1 -- Pasteurella haemolytica challenge. Calves receiving low doses of vaccine had lower levels of antibody and greater evidence of virus replication upon challenge than those receiving higher doses. In contrast 11/13 unvaccinated controls had fibrino-purulent pneumonia following challenge. The immune response developed later in younger calves and those given low doses of vaccine. Neutralizing antibodies to bovine herpes-virus 1 were not found in nasal secretions, but were present in serum seven days after vaccination. Bovine herpesvirus 1 was isolated before challenge from nasal secretions of calves vaccinated intranasally or intramuscularly with virulent virus but not those vaccinated intramuscularly with vaccine virus. It was concluded that both routes of vaccination with either virulent or attenuated bovine herpesvirus 1 provided protection from challenge with homologous or heterologous bovine herpesvirus 1 and that live vaccines should contain at least 10(3) plaque forming units/dose for effective immunization.
Study of high throughput EUV mask pattern inspection technologies using multi e-Beam optics (2021)

High volume manufacturing of semiconductors using extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is off to a good start, and development of high-NA EUVL tool has started; however, EUV mask pattern inspection, one key technology supporting EUVL, is still not ready in terms of fully satisfying customers' major requirements, such as 1) defect sensitivity, 2) throughput, and 3) cost of ownership (CoO). There are three tool candidates that have the potential of meeting these requirements: optical inspection, actinic inspection, and e-beam inspection. The resolution of the optical inspection tool has almost reached its limit. The actinic inspection tool satisfies both defect sensitivity and throughput requirements, but the cost is high and it needs to support D2DB inspection capability. The e-beam tool has high resolution and sensitivity, but its low throughput which is a key issue. With this background, NuFlare has optimized its multi e-beam optics system to inspect EUV masks, and has made progress in verifying a POC tool as well as develop new image processing technology. From these verifications, the development has moved on to the feasibility study of inspecting EUV mask pattern defects with D2D and D2DB for the 5nm node and beyond. In this paper, we will present our technology for EUV mask inspection as well as our latest results.
Structures of 1-(3,3-dimethylamino)propyl naphtho[2,1-b]thiophene-4-carboxylate and N-(3,3-dimethylamino)propyl-8-methoxynaphtho[2,1-b]thiophene-4-carboxamide, intercalators into double-helical DNA (1991)

(1) C18H19NO2S, Mr = 313.42, monoclinic, P2(1)/c, a = 11.503 (3), b = 15.932 (2), c = 9.133 (2) A, beta = 102.17 (2) degrees, V = 1636.1 A3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.54178 A, mu = 1.762 mm-1, F(000) = 664, T = 293 (1) K, R = 0.047 for 2044 significant reflections. (2) C19H21NO3S, Mr = 343.45, triclinic, Pl, a = 9.873 (2), b = 13.163 (3), c = 14.065 (3) A, alpha = 101.33, beta = 94.30 (3), gamma = 91.35 (3) degrees, V = 1785.8 A3, Z = 4, Dx = 1.28 Mg m-3, lambda(Cu K alpha) = 1.54178 A, mu = 1.699 mm-1, F(000) = 728, T = 293 (1) K, R = 0.052 for 1787 significant reflections. The torsion angle between the naphthothiophene ring and the carbonyl O atom of the side chain is 5.5 (4) degrees in structure (1) and 25 (2) and -32 (2) degrees in the two independent molecules of (2). This difference is due to out-of-plane distortions in (2) that arise from steric hindrance between H atoms on the amide and the ring system, at position 2.
Ionization Potential of cis-1,3-Butadiene (1968)

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Genetics of inflammatory bowel disease in Asia: Systematic review and meta-analysis (2011)

Genetic mutations of IBD in Asians differ from Caucasians. New mutations and susceptibility genes identified in Asian IBD patients provide an opportunity to explore new disease-associated mechanisms in this population of rising incidence.
Dietary Protein Distribution Positively Influences 24-h Muscle Protein Synthesis in (2014)

The RDA for protein describes the quantity that should be consumed daily to meet population needs and to prevent deficiency. Proteinconsumption in manycountriesexceedsthe RDA; however, intake is oftenskewed toward the evening meal, whereas breakfast is typically carbohydrate rich and low in protein. We examined the effects of protein distribution on 24-h skeletal muscle protein synthesis in healthy adult men and women (n= 8; age: 36.963.1 y; BMI: 25.760.8 kg/ m 2 ). By using a 7-d crossover feeding design with a 30-d washout period, we measured changes in muscle protein synthesis in response to isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets with protein at breakfast, lunch, and dinner distributed evenly (EVEN; 31.561.3, 29.961.6, and 32.761.6 g protein, respectively) or skewed (SKEW; 10.760.8, 16.060.5, and 63.463.7 g protein, respectively). Over 24-h periods on days 1 and 7, venous blood samples and vastus lateralis muscle biopsy samples were obtained during primed (2.0mmol/kg) constant infusion [0.06mmol/(kg!min)] ofL-[ring- 13 C 6 ] phenylalanine. The 24-h mixed muscle protein fractional synthesis rate was 25% higher in the EVEN (0.07560.006%/h) vs. the SKEW (0.05660.006%/h) protein distribution groups (P= 0.003). This pattern was maintained after 7 d of habituation to each diet (EVEN vs. SKEW: 0.07760.006 vs. 0.05660.006%/h;P= 0.001). The consumption of a moderate amount of protein at each meal stimulated 24-h muscle protein synthesis more effectively than skewing protein intake toward the evening meal. J. Nutr. doi: 10.3945/jn.113.185280.
A Self‐Assembled Tetracopper Triple‐Stranded Helicate: Towards the Controlled Synthesis of Finite One‐Dimensional Magnetic Chains (2003)

Etui für eine Kupferkette: Eine Tripel-Helix aus drei octadentaten Liganden (siehe Bild) stabilisiert eine lineare Anordnung aus vier magnetisch gekoppelten Cu2+-Ionen in ihrem Inneren. Mithilfe dieser Selbstorganisations-Strategie wird der Aufbau eindimensionaler magnetischer Ketten von definierter Länge möglich. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2003/z51634_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Detection of Rare-Earth Elements Enhanced by Bio-Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Using UV LED (2019)

Spectral characteristics of BioMOF-sensitized trace rare-earth elements dissolved in water are studied at room temperature by laser-induced fluorescence method using a 280-nm LED. This paper presents a low-cost detection scheme toward extraction of rare-earth materials in liquid phase.
Unidentified Factors in Jojoba Meal Prevent Oviduct Development in Broiler Breeder Females (1998)

Supplementation of feed with jojoba meal, as a means for autonomous feed restriction, was successful in depressing feed intake and controlling body weight of broiler breeder pullets to the extent recommended by the breeder company. However, these broiler breeders never produced eggs. At the level of ovary, normal follicle development and maturation did occur. A considerable number of ovulations occurred which were not followed by oviposition. After ovulation, the ova could not be captured by the oviduct, because of the small size of the oviduct, resulting in "internal laying". The virtual absence of oviduct development cannot be explained presently but it must be due to some yet unidentified factor(s) in jojoba meal which prevent(s) the normal development of the oviduct. These factors may be acting by abnormally increasing plasma progesterone or triiodothyronin levels and/or directly by themselves interfering with oviduct development. The nature of these factors requires further investigations.
Broadband Continuous Wavelength Conversion of 10-Gb/s Data in Silicon Waveguides Spanning S-, C-, and L-Bands (2010)

We demonstrate broadband continuous wavelength conversion of 10-Gb/s data across 100 nm using four-wave mixing in dispersion-engineered silicon waveguides. Error-free operation and constant 2-dB power penalties are experimentally obtained for all examined probe-idler separations.
In-vivo pilot study at 3 Tesla: Feasibility of Electric Properties Tomography in a rat model of stroke (2020)

Electrical Properties Tomography (EPT) is a new sequence which delivers information on tissue electrical conductivity. It has been mostly used for tumor imaging. Ischemic stroke is another promising application. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility of EPT in a rodent model of stroke. Wistar rats with and without temporary middle cerebral occlusion (MCAo) were examined in a 3T scanner. EPT was performed using a Steady-State Free-Precession (SSFP) sequence. From the transceive phase ɸ of these SSFP scans, conductivity σ was estimated by the equation σ = Δɸ/(2μ0ω) with Δ the Laplacian operator, μ0 the magnetic permeability, and ω the Larmor frequency. Subsequently, a median filter was applied. Healthy cortical grey matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid showed significantly different conductivity (0.83 ± 0.14 S/m, 0.63 ± 0.06 S/m, 2.33 ± 0.49 S/m, p < 0.05). Infarcted tissue exhibited increased conductivity (1.937 ± 1.347 vs. 0.782 ± 0.429 S/m, p < 0.05). EPT is feasible in a rodent model of stroke. Infarcted tissue after MCAo exhibited increased conductivity. Further in-vivo experiments with examination of the influence of reperfusion status and temporal evolution of the infarcted areas should be conducted.
Mechanical restitution of isolated perfused canine left ventricles (1984)

We measured cardiac mechanical restitution curves, which describe the time course of recovery of ventricular contractile strength following a steady-state beat. In the first series of experiments, we studied left ventricles that beat isovolumically throughout the experiment, allowing use of dP/dtmax as a reliable index of contractile strength independent of the influence of changing ventricular pre- and afterload. The commencement of mechanical restitution was found to be associated with the onset of electrical diastole; thereafter, contractile strength rose monoexponentially to a plateau that was maintained for test pulse intervals as long as 15 s. The time constant of restitution (typically 245 ms) was independent of priming frequency and ventricular volume. These findings were interpreted in terms of a model of intracellular calcium fluxes within the myocardial cells. In a second series of experiments, we measured mechanical restitution curves from isolated ventricles that ejected against a simulated arterial impedance system. Under this condition, we did not observe the monoexponential time course of mechanical restitution as was measured under isovolumic conditions. The differences between the mechanical restitution curves measured under isovolumic and ejecting conditions were attributed to the influences of changing hemodynamic conditions on dP/dtmax that caused it to be an unreliable index of contractile strength.
The effect of methylphenidate on n-back task performance in boys with epilepsy and or ADHD : a behavioral and functional MRI study (2010)

Purpose: Approximately 1/3 of children with epilepsy also suffer from attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which often includes deficits in working memory. Methylphenidate (MPH) can improve the behavioral difficulties in children with ADHD. However, it is not yet clear whether there are specific neurobehavioral differences between children with combined epilepsy/ADHD and children with developmental ADHD and whether MPH shows comparable neurofunctional effects in working memory task-induced brain activation in both patient groups. Method: Eleven boys with diagnosed epilepsy/ADHD, 14 boys with behavioral ADHD and 12 healthy controls (aged 9–14 years) were investigated using fMRI; once with medication and once without. In order to measure working memory performance, the popular N-back paradigm was used and scans were recorded on a 3T human head scanner. Results: Healthy controls performed significantly better than both patient groups without medication, whereas patients’ performance improved to normal after the intake of MPH. On the functional level healthy controls showed more activation in frontal, parietal and cerebellar regions than both patient groups. Within the patient groups there was no enhanced activation detectable due to medication. Conclusion: These data indicate a clear effect of MPH on a behavioral level. However, this effect is not reflected by changes in functional brain organization. In contrast to healthy controls, patients showed decreased activation during N-back tasks in both conditions. Due to the behavioral and functional similarities of the two patient groups, data indicate that the neurobehavioral dysfunctions of working memory are comparable in children with epilepsy and/or ADHD.