gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Strengthened Cutset Upper Bound on the Capacity of the Relay Channel and Applications (2021)

We develop a new upper bound on the capacity of the relay channel that is tighter than previously known upper bounds. This upper bound is proved using traditional weak converse techniques involving mutual information inequalities and Gallager-type explicit identification of auxiliary random variables. We show that the new upper bound is strictly tighter than all previous bounds for the Gaussian relay channel with non-zero channel gains. When specialized to the relay channel with orthogonal receiver components, the bound resolves a conjecture by Kim on a class of deterministic relay channels. When further specialized to the class of product-form relay channels with orthogonal receiver components, the bound resolves a generalized version of Cover's relay channel problem, recovers the recent upper bound for the Gaussian case by Wu et al., and improves upon the recent bounds for the binary symmetric case by Wu et al. and Barnes et al., which were obtained using non-traditional geometric proof techniques. For the special class of a relay channel with orthogonal receiver components, we develop another upper bound on the capacity which utilizes an auxiliary receiver and show that it is strictly tighter than the bound by Tandon and Ulukus. Finally, we show through the Gaussian relay channel with i.i.d. relay output sequence that the bound with the auxiliary receiver can be strictly tighter than our main bound.
Orbital-Angular-Momentum Mode (De)Multiplexer: A Single Optical Element for MIMO-based and non-MIMO-based Multimode Fiber Systems (2014)

A mode (de)multiplexer in a basis of OAM modes for MIMO-based and non-MIMO-based multimode fiber systems is experimentally demonstrated which via a single optical element can (de)multiplex and generate individual modes with potential scalability
Novel duplex vapor-electrochemical method for silicon solar cells. Quarterly progress report No. 10, 1 May 1978--31 July 1978 (1978)

The reactor to produce silicon by the reaction between gaseous SiF/sub 4/ and liquid sodium was scaled up to produce 100 g of silicon per batch. To recover the silicon from the large volume of products of this reaction, the aqueous leaching process was scaled up to treat up to 2-kg batches of reaction product. Rapid leaching was determined to be effective in minimizing loss of silicon due to oxidation. About 95% of the weight of silicon believed to be present in the reaction products was recovered. An alternative approach to recover the silicon from the reaction products is to heat the products above the melting temperature of silicon. Results from preliminary melting experiments are very promising, in that two separate phases of Si and NaF were obtained. Examination of the frozen melt shows that the silicon agglomerated as large globules of greater density than NaF. The NaF prevents the silicon from wetting and reacting with the graphite and permits the granular Si particles to agglomerate when molten.
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase, a Novel Target for Improvement of l -Lysine Production by Corynebacterium glutamicum (2008)

The influence of acetohydroxy acid synthase (AHAS) on L-lysine production by Corynebacterium glutamicum was investigated. An AHAS with a deleted C-terminal domain in the regulatory subunit IlvN was engineered by truncating the ilvN gene. Compared to the wild-type AHAS, the newly constructed enzyme showed altered kinetic properties, i.e., (i) an about twofold-lower K(m) for the substrate pyruvate and an about fourfold-lower V(max); (ii) a slightly increased K(m) for the substrate alpha-ketobutyrate with an about twofold-lower V(max); and (iii) insensitivity against the inhibitors L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine (10 mM each). Introduction of the modified AHAS into the L-lysine producers C. glutamicum DM1729 and DM1933 increased L-lysine formation by 43% (30 mM versus 21 mM) and 36% (51 mM versus 37 mM), respectively, suggesting that decreased AHAS activity is linked to increased L-lysine formation. Complete inactivation of the AHAS in C. glutamicum DM1729 and DM1933 by deletion of the ilvB gene, encoding the catalytic subunit of AHAS, led to L-valine, L-isoleucine, and L-leucine auxotrophy and to further-improved L-lysine production. In batch fermentations, C. glutamicum DM1729 Delta ilvB produced about 85% more L-lysine (70 mM versus 38 mM) and showed an 85%-higher substrate-specific product yield (0.180 versus 0.098 mol C/mol C) than C. glutamicum DM1729. Comparative transcriptome analysis of C. glutamicum DM1729 and C. glutamicum DM1729 Delta ilvB indicated transcriptional differences for about 50 genes, although not for those encoding enzymes involved in the L-lysine biosynthetic pathway.
Channel Bonding for ATSC3.0 (2016)

Channel bonding is an optional technology in ATSC3.0 that provides increased spectrum flexibility for broadcasters. Channel bonding spreads data of a single physical layer pipe over two different, standard-bandwidth RF channels. Primarily, it enables total service data rates that exceed the net capacity of a single RF channel, but also offers advantages for enhanced statistical multiplexing or scalable video coding services across two RF channels. The channels can be located at any frequency, not necessarily adjacent to each other. Channel bonding receivers require two tuners, but still allow for simple and memory efficient implementations. In particular, channel bonding shares to a best possible extent the architecture of other two tuner operation modes (MIMO and diversity receiver), therefore increasing the market success probability of this enhanced receiver type.
CARBOXYLATED POLYTHIOPHENES: POLYMER BIOSENSORS IN LIQUID AND SOLID STATES* (2002)

ABSTRACT The fluorescence of carboxylated and water-soluble poly(3-thiophene acetic acid) (PTAA) and poly[2,5-(3-carboxymethyl urethanyl ethyl) thiophene] (H-PURET) are quenched by low concentrations of methyl viologen in aqueous solutions. The Stern-Volmer constants (Ksv) for these aqueous solutions of polythiophenes are in the order of 3.5×106. However, in contrast, ionically adsorbed monolayers of these polythiophenes on solid supports show fluorescence quenching that is more than two orders of magnitude smaller. The effects of pH and the concentration of the methyl viologen on fluorescence quenching are reported.
Effects of Prolonged Cultivation in the Presence of Acyclovir on Recovery of Latent Herpes Simplex Virus from Human Trigeminal Ganglia (1983)

The continuous presence of acyclovir prevented the in vitro reactivation of latent herpes simplex virus from cultures of human trigeminal ganglia derived from 23 randomly selected cadavers. When acyclovir was withdrawn after 30 days, herpes simplex virus was recovered from 3 of 18 cases. Herpes simplex virus was recovered in 9 of 20 (45%) control cases.
Direct-Detection OFDM Transmission Using Four-State Chirp Control With a Dual-Electrode MZM for Dispersion Compensation (2018)

We discuss a four-state chirp-control scheme using a dual-electrode Mach-Zehnder modulator to compensate dispersion-induced RF power fading when employing direct-detection-based orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexed (OFDM) signals. We numerically confirm that in contrast to the previously proposed parallel transmitter employing an intensity/phase modulator, four-state chirp control can flatten frequency response and make the total performance uniform even though its structure is significantly simplified. To demonstrate this, we successfully transmitted a 20-GHz OFDM signal over an 80-km single-mode fiber using four-state chirp control, achieving a line bit rate of 78.41 Gb/s even in the presence of chromatic dispersion.
Generation of over 10-W Peak-Power Picosecond Pulses by a Gain-Switched AlGaInN-Based Self-Pulsating Laser Diode (2009)

Optical pulses of over 10-W peak power and 20-ps duration at 410 nm were generated by gain-switching an AlGaInN-based self-pulsating laser diode (LD) with a saturable absorption layer (SAL). The slow tail components of the optical pulses after the first optical peak were considerably suppressed compared with the optical pulses generated by a gain-switched AlGaInN LD without a SAL.
2010 IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium (2010)

Miniature piezoelectric transducers were prepared from millimeter size hollow spheres which have been formed from PZT-SA powder slurries with a coaxial nozzle process. After sintering, the spheres were poled in two ways: radially and tangentially. Principal modes of vibration were found to be a breathing mode near 700 kHz and a thickness mode near 13 MHz for the radially poled spheres, and an ellipsoidal, a circumferential and a breathing mode near 230 kHz, 350 kHz. 700 kHz, respectively for tangentially poled spheres. Coupled modes were also observed at higher frequencies. These same modes with similar frequencies were obtained from finite element analysis using the ATILA FEM code, and experimental results were shown to be consistent with the modeling study. Hydrostatic dh coefficients were found to vary between 700 - 1,800 pCM which are orders of magnitude higher than the dh of bulk PZT. The hydrophone figure of merits (dh*gh) were calculated to be between 68,000 - 325,000 *lO-I5 m2/N for various types of poled spheres. These values are three orders of magnitude higher than the bulk PZT figure of merit. Potential applications include ultrasonic imaging, non-destructive testing and hydrophones.
Organic Electronics on Banknotes (2010)

Organic transistors and circuits are fabricated directly on the surface of banknotes. The transistors operate with voltages of 3 V and have a field-effect mobility of about 0.2 cm2 V−1s−1. For an array of 100 transistors a yield of 92% is obtained.
ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems — Software Defined Radio and Cognitive Radio standards (2009)

This paper details the current work status of the ETSI Reconfigurable Radio Systems (RRS) Technical Committee (TC) and gives an outlook on the future evolution. In particular, Software Defined Radio (SDR) related study results are presented with a focus on SDR architectures for Mobile Devices (MD), such as mobile phones, etc., as well as for Reconfigurable Base Stations (RBS). For MDs, a novel architecture is presented enabling the usage of SDR principles in a mass market context. Cognitive Radio (CR) principles within ETSI RRS are concentrated on two topics, a Cognitive Pilot Channel (CPC) proposal and a Functional Architecture (FA) for Management and Control of Reconfigurable Radio Systems, including Dynamic Self-Organising Planning and Management, Dynamic Spectrum Management, Joint Radio Resource Management, etc. Finally, study results are indicated which are targeting a SDR/CR security framework
Condor grid computing from mobile handheld devices (2003)

In this paper, we propose a hierarchical design methodology for grid access from handheld devices. After determining all user interactions required and technologies available, they are arranged in layers. All functions in a layer are also supported by all underlying layers. By doing so, the designer is less conditioned by the constraints of a specific, out-of-context platform. Additionally, in a stratified modular design, many software components can be re-used. We present a prototype to access Condor from two neighbor layers: PDAs and cell phones.
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends from The Master Neural Transcription Factor BRN2 Is an Androgen Receptor–Suppressed Driver of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary methods, figure legends, and primer lists.&lt;/p&gt;
Alcohol-Assisted Water Condensation and Stabilization into Hydrophobic Mesoporosity (2014)

In this work, we report the condensation and stabilization of water vapors into water-repellent, methyl-functionalized, mesoporous, silica-based films at room temperature and atmospheric pressure using a soft alcohol-assisted method. The capillary pore fillings due to water adsorption were ensured by a fine control of partial vapor pressures of alcohol and water. A synergic coadsorption of alcohol and water was observed due to a reversible surface energy switching from hydrophobic to hydrophilic induced by the preferential interaction of the alkyl side of the surfactant alcohol molecules with the hydrophobic walls. The influences of the film mesoprosity as well as the type of the alcoholic coadsorbate (methanol, ethanol, and 1-propanol) were investigated, revealing various Kelvin’s law-like adsorption behaviors, depending on the alcohol carbon chain length. Interestingly, the stabilization of condensed domains of quasi-pure water phases was obtained in confined hydrophobic spaces by a presumed selective alcohol desorption. It was demonstrated that a small quantity of remaining Si–OH groups at the pore surface was sufficient to stabilize water nanodomains in hydrophobic pores. These results were based on in situ ellipsometric investigations, that further allowed measuring the wetting angle of water droplets trapped within the porous network, from which we could evaluate the quantity of polar −OH groups remaining in the methyl-functionalized, mesoporous, silica-based films. This first insight in alcohol/water coadsorption may open the door toward new generation of alcohol sensors.
Definitions and treatment of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer according to multidisciplinary tumour boards in Europe (2022)

A broad consensus on definitions of oligometastatic oesophagogastric cancer was found among MDTs of oesophagogastric cancer expert centres in Europe. However, high practice variability in treatment strategies exists.
The CNS/PNS Extracellular Matrix Provides Instructive Guidance Cues to Neural Cells and Neuroregulatory Proteins in Neural Development and Repair (2021)

This review provides examples of the sophistication of the CNS/PNS extracellular matrix, showing how it maintains homeostasis and regulates neural repair and regeneration.
53.2: 30″ AMOLED Based on Sequential Lateral Solidification Process (2010)

Abstract An excimer‐laser‐based two‐shot sequential lateral solidification (TS‐SLS) process has been developed to fabricate 30” FHD (1920×RGB×1080) AMOLED TVs using both 2D projection and line‐scan SLS systems. We have optimized (1) the microstructure of TS‐SLS processed polycrystalline materials, (2) the geometry of driving TFTs to minimize non‐uniformity of the pixel brightness and (3) the off‐bias TFT aging process to reduce the leakage current. This result verifies that the TS‐SLS process can be utilized to make large area AMOLED TVs without any laser related mura.
Effect of using a nitrogen atmosphere on enzyme hydrolysis at high corn stover loadings in an agitated reactor (2020)

Abstract A comprehensive review of the literature shows that enzyme hydrolysis efficiency decreases with increased solids loadings at constant enzyme:cellulose ratios for pretreated lignocellulosic substrates. In seeking a mechanistic explanation for this phenomenon, we found that a nitrogen atmosphere enhances enzyme hydrolysis and minimizes the decrease in glucose yields as solids loadings are increased in an agitated bioreactor. For liquid hot water pretreated corn stover, at solids loadings of both 100 and 200 g/L and hydrolyzed for 72 hr in a 1 L bioreactor at pH 5.0 with 3.6 mg protein per g biomass, glucose yields were 55% in a nitrogen atmosphere versus 45% in air with agitation and about 34% without agitation. While mixing promotes biomass/enzyme contact and disperses sugars released during hydrolysis that would otherwise cause product inhibition, nitrogen gas displaces air, avoiding deactivation of cellulases by oxygen. The nitrogen effect points to a facile approach of enhancing hydrolysis at high solids loadings.
Increased Prevalence of Subcutaneous Lipomas in Patients With Wilson Disease (2014)

Subcutaneous lipoma formation is more common in patients with Wilson disease than in the general population. We suggest that the presence of lipomas contributes to the differential diagnosis of Wilson disease.
Impact of Cyanobacteria Inoculation on Rice (Orize sativa) Yield Cultivated in Saline Soil (2015)

A Field experiment was conducted in the clayey soil of the farm at Sahl El-Hossynia Agric. Res. Station in EL-Sharkia - Governorate, Egypt. The institute farm is located at 31 o 8' 12.461 N latitude and 31 o 52' 15.496 E longitude. Rice crop (Oryzae sativa) was planted during the summer season of 2009 to study the effect of cyanobacterial inoculation (Cyano.) under different levels of mineral nitrogen fertilization under saline soil condition on rice yield components and some soil biological activity. Results indicated that, in general, applying cyanobacteria inoculation to rice plant enhanced the growth of rice plant resulting in significant increases in rice straw and grains yields compared to uninoculated treatments. The treatment of 75% N + Cyano recorded significantly the highest rice straw and grains yields compared to the other tested treatments (50, 75 and 100% N and 50% N + Cyano). Also the treatment of 75% N + Cyno. increased significantly the total contents of N, P & K in rice plants. On the contrary, inoculation with cyanobacteria decreased significantly Na + content of rice plants. Inoculation with cyanobacteria increased total proline content of rice plants compared to the other examined treatments. Inoculation with cyanobacteria had positively affected the soil fertility through enhancing rice rhizosphere soil biological activity in terms of total count bacteria, carbon dioxide evolution, dehydrogenase activity and nitrogenase activity. Generally, the inoculation with cyanobacteria along with reduced mineral nitrogen amount can help in growing rice under saline soil condition. (H. H. Abbas, M. E. Ali 1, F. M. Ghazal and N. M. El-Gaml. Impact of Cyanobacteria Inoculation on Rice (Orize
Preferential oxidation of carbon monoxide in hydrogen over gold based catalysts (2006)

international
QUANTUM HALL EFFECT IN A MULTI-VALLEY TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTRON SYSTEM (2007)

Two-dimensional electrons in an AlAs quantum well occupy multiple conduction-band minima at the X-points of the Brillouin zone. These valleys have large effective mass and g-factor compared to the standard GaAs electrons, and are highly anisotropic. With proper choice of well width and by applying symmetry-breaking strain in the plane, one can control the occupation of different valleys thus rendering a system with tuneable effective mass, g-factor, Fermi contour anisotropy, and valley degeneracy. Here we review some of the rich physics that this system has allowed us to explore.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regio‐ and Enantio‐Selective Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydroformylation Without Organic Solvents. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A model of navigation for very large data views (2013)

Existing user performance models of navigation for very large documents describe trends in movement time over the entire navigation task. However, these navigation tasks are in fact a combination of many sub-tasks, the details of which are lost when aggregated. Thus, existing models do not provide insight into the navigation choices implicit in a navigation task, nor into how strategy ultimately affects user performance. Focusing on the domain of data visualizations, the very large documents we investigate are very large data views. We present an algorithmic decision process and descriptive performance model of zooming and panning navigation strategy, parameterized to account for speedaccuracy trade-offs, using common mouse-based interaction techniques. Our model is fitted and validated against empirical data, and used to evaluate proposed optimal strategies. Further, we use our model to provide support for interaction design considerations for achieving performant interaction techniques for navigation of very large data views.
Fragmentation of a novel marine peptide, plicatamide, involves an unusual gas-phase intramolecular rearrangement (2001)

During our characterization of plicatamide 1, a modified octapeptide: Phe-Phe-His-Leu-His-Phe-His-dc deltaDOPA (where dc deltaDOPA = decarboxy-(E)-alpha,beta-dehydro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) from the blood cells of the ascidian Styela plicata, we noted a series of fragment ions from the [M + H]+ ion which could not be assigned. There was no evidence in the 1H NMR spectrum to support an alternative molecular structure and the series of fragment ions were not present in the tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the [M + Na]+ ion. In addition, there was no evidence that the sample was a mixture of isobaric compounds. We propose that an unusual C-terminal to N-terminal rearrangement is responsible for the series of fragment ions from the [M + H]+ ion. This rearrangement was not observed in peptide analogs of plicatamide which did not contain the dc deltaDOPA at the C-terminus suggesting that this moiety is critical for the rearrangement. The proposed reaction is analogous to that recently reported by Vachet et al. involving a fragment ion formed from leucine enkephalin.
Polymer Waveguide-coupled Co-packaged Silicon Photonics-die Embedded Package Substrate (2021)

We propose a next generation co-packaged substrate using Si photonics dies, a polymer optical waveguide, and a optical connector to achieve beyond 10 Tb/s and WDM optical links. The two micro-mirrors and polymer waveguides were integrated, and their optical characteristics were evaluated.
Abstract 19114: Ultrasound-targeted Destruction of Nucleic-acid Loaded Microbubbles Enhances Payload Delivery at the Treatment Site: A Quantitative Comparison of Delivery Strategies (2014)

Background: Custom designed microbubbles (MB) can carry therapeutic agents to target tissues. It has been posited, but not proven, that when MB are exposed to ultrasound (US) directed at the target, therapeutic agents are locally released and concentrated at the target site. Accordingly, we studied local delivery using MB and US, utilizing STAT3 transcription factor decoy as a model therapeutic, which has previously been shown to suppress tumor growth by inhibiting STAT3 signaling. Methods: Cationic MB loaded with P 32 labeled STAT3 decoy (8 μg per 1х10 9 MBs) were intravenously infused into mice bearing squamous cell carcinoma (n=6). US was delivered to the tumor with a clinical scanner (MI setting 1.6; 4 frames/burst, burst interval 2 s, f=1.3MHz) during a 20 min MB infusion and 5 min thereafter. Tumors were harvested at 5 min or 8 hrs after therapy and analyzed for decoy content. Intact decoy was isolated by ethanol precipitation, quantified by scintillation counting, and expressed as percent input signal/gram tissue. Controls (no US) received decoy alone or decoy-loaded MB (decoy-MB). Results: 5 min after treatment, total decoy in the tumor was higher in the decoy-only group (0.74±0.20%/g) compared to decoy-MB (0.24±0.08%/g) or decoy-MB+US groups (0.46±0.15%/g; p intact decoy were 2-3 fold higher in decoy-MB+US treated mice (0.26±0.16%/g) compared to decoy-MB (0.09±0.08%/g) or decoy alone (0.09±0.02%/g). Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first comparative quantification of molecular therapeutic delivery to target tissue resulting from directed US-induced destruction of circulating MBs. Decoy-MB + US treatment enhanced transcription factor decoy deposition in target tissue at 8 hours compared to control groups subjected to non-US targeted delivery strategies. These data substantiate the rationale for targeted therapeutics using US and loaded MBs.