gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of absolute latency for video see through augmented reality (2007)

Latency is a key property of video see through AR systems since users' performance is strongly related to it. However, there is no standard way of latency measurement of an AR system in the literature. We have created a stable and comparable way of estimating the latency in a video see through AR system. The latency is estimated by encoding the time in the image and decoding the time after camera feedback. We have encoded the time as a translation of a circle in the image. The cross ratio has been used as an image feature that is preserved in a projective transformation. The encoding allows for a simple but accurate way of decoding. We show that this way of encoding has an adequate accuracy for latency measurements. As the method allows for a series of automatic measurements we propose to visualize the measurements in a histogram. This histogram reveals meaningful information about the system other than the mean value and standard deviation of the latency. The method has been tested on four different AR systems that use different camera technology, resolution and frame rates.
Linear Ring Modulators with DC Kerr Phase Shifters (2018)

We demonstrate a silicon ring modulator with linear phase shift versus voltage, derived from the interplay between plasma dispersion effect and DC Kerr effect. The dynamic range is 103.6 dB. Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> at a 1.2 GHz carrier.
Abdominal Obesity and Physical Inactivity as Risk Factors for NIDDM and Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Indian, Creole, and Chinese Mauritians (1991)

These data indicate that BMI, abdominally distributed fat, and physical inactivity are important independent risk factors for both IGT and NIDDM in diverse ethnic groups. Attributable risk fractions for Mauritius suggest that populationwide modification of levels of these risk factors could potentially result in substantially lower occurrence of NIDDM (and IGT). Such interventions should be attempted in high-risk populations.
Modular Clinical Decision Support Networks (MoDN)—Updatable, interpretable, and portable predictions for evolving clinical environments (2023)

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) have the potential to improve and standardise care with probabilistic guidance. However, many CDSS deploy static, generic rule-based logic, resulting in inequitably distributed accuracy and inconsistent performance in evolving clinical environments. Data-driven models could resolve this issue by updating predictions according to the data collected. However, the size of data required necessitates collaborative learning from analogous CDSS's, which are often imperfectly interoperable (IIO) or unshareable. We propose Modular Clinical Decision Support Networks (MoDN) which allow flexible, privacy-preserving learning across IIO datasets, as well as being robust to the systematic missingness common to CDSS-derived data, while providing interpretable, continuous predictive feedback to the clinician. MoDN is a novel decision tree composed of feature-specific neural network modules that can be combined in any number or combination to make any number or combination of diagnostic predictions, updatable at each step of a consultation. The model is validated on a real-world CDSS-derived dataset, comprising 3,192 paediatric outpatients in Tanzania. MoDN significantly outperforms 'monolithic' baseline models (which take all features at once at the end of a consultation) with a mean macro F1 score across all diagnoses of 0.749 vs 0.651 for logistic regression and 0.620 for multilayer perceptron (p < 0.001). To test collaborative learning between IIO datasets, we create subsets with various percentages of feature overlap and port a MoDN model trained on one subset to another. Even with only 60% common features, fine-tuning a MoDN model on the new dataset or just making a composite model with MoDN modules matched the ideal scenario of sharing data in a perfectly interoperable setting. MoDN integrates into consultation logic by providing interpretable continuous feedback on the predictive potential of each question in a CDSS questionnaire. The modular design allows it to compartmentalise training updates to specific features and collaboratively learn between IIO datasets without sharing any data.
Osteogenic Performance of Donor-Matched Human Adipose and Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Cells Under Dynamic Culture (2015)

Adipose-derived mesenchymal cells (ACs) and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (BMCs) have been widely used for bone regeneration and can be seeded on a variety of rigid scaffolds. However, to date, a direct comparison of mesenchymal cells (MC) harvested from different tissues from the same donor and cultured in identical osteogenic conditions has not been investigated. Indeed, it is unclear whether marrow-derived or fat-derived MC possess intrinsic differences in bone-forming capabilities, since within-patient comparisons have not been previously done. This study aims at comparing ACs and BMCs from three donors ranging in age from neonatal to adult. Matched cells from each donor were studied in three distinct bioreactor settings, to determine the best method to create a viable osseous engineered construct. Human ACs and BMCs were isolated from each donor, cultured, and seeded on decellularized porcine bone (DCB) constructs. The constructs were then subjected to either static or dynamic (stirring or perfusion) bioreactor culture conditions for 7-21 days. Afterward, the constructs were analyzed for cell adhesion and distribution and osteogenic differentiation. ACs demonstrated higher seeding efficiency than BMCs. However, static and dynamic culture significantly increased BMCs proliferation more than ACs. In all conditions, BMCs demonstrated stronger osteogenic activity as compared with ACs, through higher alkaline phosphatase activity and gene expression for various bony markers. Conversely, ACs expressed more collagen I, which is a nonspecific matrix molecule in most connective tissues. Overall, dynamic bioreactor culture conditions enhanced osteogenic gene expression in both ACs and BMCs. Scaffolds seeded with BMCs in dynamic stirring culture conditions exhibit the greatest osteogenic proliferation and function in vitro, proving that marrow-derived MC have superior bone-forming potential as compared with adipose-derived cells.
Compensation Models in Chlorine Doped CdTe Based on Positron Annihilation and Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (1995)

In this investigatioii positron annihilation, photoluminescence and electroii paramagnetic resonance techniques are employed to gain insight in the compensation of CdTe doped with the halogen Cl. We will demonstrate that the high resistivity of CdTe:Cl cannot be explained by the interaction between the shallow effective mass type donor Cl on Te site and the doping induced shallow acceptor complex, a Cd vacancy paired off with a nearest-neighbour Cl atom (A centre). From electroii paramagnetic resonance investigations we conclude that the mid gap trap, often detected by electrical methods in CdTe, is not the isolated Cd vacancy.
Adherent and InvasiveEscherichia coliIs Associated with Granulomatous Colitis in Boxer Dogs (2006)

The mucosa-associated microflora is increasingly considered to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. This study explored the possibility that an abnormal mucosal flora is involved in the etiopathogenesis of granulomatous colitis of Boxer dogs (GCB). Colonic biopsy samples from affected dogs (n = 13) and controls (n = 38) were examined by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with a eubacterial 16S rRNA probe. Culture, 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing, and histochemistry were used to guide subsequent FISH. GCB-associated Escherichia coli isolates were evaluated for their ability to invade and persist in cultured epithelial cells and macrophages as well as for serotype, phylogenetic group, genome size, overall genotype, and presence of virulence genes. Intramucosal gram-negative coccobacilli were present in 100% of GCB samples but not controls. Invasive bacteria hybridized with FISH probes to E. coli. Three of four GCB-associated E. coli isolates adhered to, invaded, and replicated within cultured epithelial cells. Invasion triggered a "splash"-type response, was decreased by cytochalasin D, genistein, colchicine, and wortmannin, and paralleled the behavior of the Crohn's disease-associated strain E. coli LF 82. GCB E. coli and LF 82 were diverse in serotype and overall genotype but similar in phylogeny (B2 and D), in virulence gene profiles (fyuA, irp1, irp2, chuA, fepC, ibeA, kpsMII, iss), in having a larger genome size than commensal E. coli, and in the presence of novel multilocus sequence types. We conclude that GCB is associated with selective intramucosal colonization by E. coli. E. coli strains associated with GCB and Crohn's disease have an adherent and invasive phenotype and novel multilocus sequence types and resemble E. coli associated with extraintestinal disease in phylogeny and virulence gene profile.
Epidural Hematoma Causing Dense Paralysis After Anterior Cervical Corpectomy: A Report of Two Cases (2006)

P aralysis after anterior cervical spine surgery is an uncommon, albeit devastating, complication. Flynn analyzed data from 36,657 anterior cervical interbody arthrodeses performed by 704 neurosurgeons and noted that only 100 patients (0.3%) had a permanent neurologic deficit1. Seventy-five percent of these patients exhibited symptoms of a neurologic deficit immediately on emergence from anesthesia, whereas 25% exhibited symptoms early in the postoperative recovery period. The most common causes of spinal cord injury during cervical spine surgery include surgical trauma, vascular compromise, graft impingement, instrument misplacement, and spinal manipulation.

One of the less common complications that can cause major neurologic morbidity is an expanding epidural hematoma at the surgical site. A hematoma can develop slowly in the corpectomy or discectomy site and may cause compression of the spinal cord. Unfortunately, there is a dearth of literature addressing this issue2,3. This scarcity may be due not only to the exceptionally low prevalence of a compressive hematoma but also to the difficulty in defining the exact cause of paralysis after surgery1.

Multimodality neurophysiological monitoring has proven to be highly beneficial in minimizing spinal cord injury during spine surgery4-10. Recent evidence has shown marked improvement in the sensitivity to injury detection during cervical spine surgery with transcranial electric motor evoked potential (tceMEP) monitoring compared with somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) monitoring alone7,8. We present the cases of two patients to highlight the role of tceMEP monitoring in the early detection and intervention of an expanding epidural hematoma. Our patients were informed that data from the cases would be submitted for publication.

C ase 1. A seventy-four-year-old man with symptoms of progressive cervical myelopathy underwent an anterior cervical corpectomy and arthrodesis for decompression of the spinal cord. The spinal cord …
Immunohistochemical observation of indole-3-acetic acid at the IAA synthetic maize coleoptile tips (2011)

To investigate the distribution of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) and the IAA synthetic cells in maize coleoptiles, we established immunohistochemistry of IAA using an anti-IAA-C-monoclonal antibody. We first confirmed the specificity of the antibody by comparing the amounts of endogenous free and conjugated IAA to the IAA signal obtained from the IAA antibody. Depletion of endogenous IAA showed a corresponding decrease in immuno-signal intensity and negligible cross-reactivity against IAA-related compounds, including tryptophan, indole-3-acetamide, and conjugated-IAA was observed. Immunolocalization showed that the IAA signal was intense in the approximately 1 mm region and the outer epidermis at the approximately 0.5 mm region from the top of coleoptiles treated with 1-N-naphthylphthalamic acid. By contrast, the IAA immuno-signal in the outer epidermis almost disappeared after 5-methyl-tryptophan treatment. Immunogold labeling of IAA with an anti-IAA-N-polyclonal antibody in the outer-epidermal cells showed cytoplasmic localization of free-IAA, but none in cell walls or vacuoles. These findings indicated that IAA is synthesized in the 0–2.0 mm region of maize coleoptile tips from Trp, in which the outer-epidermal cells of the 0.5 mm tip are the most active IAA synthetic cells.
Too much, too little, or just right? Ways explanations impact end users' mental models (2013)

Research is emerging on how end users can correct mistakes their intelligent agents make, but before users can correctly “debug” an intelligent agent, they need some degree of understanding of how it works. In this paper we consider ways intelligent agents should explain themselves to end users, especially focusing on how the soundness and completeness of the explanations impacts the fidelity of end users' mental models. Our findings suggest that completeness is more important than soundness: increasing completeness via certain information types helped participants' mental models and, surprisingly, their perception of the cost/benefit tradeoff of attending to the explanations. We also found that oversimplification, as per many commercial agents, can be a problem: when soundness was very low, participants experienced more mental demand and lost trust in the explanations, thereby reducing the likelihood that users will pay attention to such explanations at all.
Stereoselective synthesis and peptide incorporation of (S)-.alpha.-amino-(2,2'-bipyridine)-6-propanoic acid (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereoselective synthesis and peptide incorporation of (S)-.alpha.-amino-(2,2'-bipyridine)-6-propanoic acidBarbara Imperiali and Stewart L. FisherCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 2, 757–759Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00028a068https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00028a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views464Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Securing information flows: A quantitative risk analysis approach (2008)

Risk-based information trading systems have recently emerged as a new paradigm for enabling information sharing in dynamic environments. Such systems build an information trading market whose commodity is information (quantized into objects) and whose currency is monetized evaluated risk. In these trading systems, risk is calculated by the information seller (and consequently charged to the information buyer) as a function of the value of the object and an information buyerpsilas propensity to divulge shared information (based on observed past behavior). Whilst standard techniques exist for evaluating the value of an object, determining the propensity of a buyer to leak information is somewhat more problematic. Ostensibly, a seller could rely on static pre-assigned credentials of the buyer, however, such credentials only provide a clue as to the buyerpsilas ldquotrustworthinessrdquo at the time of credential issuance and gives no indication of post-issuance behavior. In this paper, we propose the use of a information leakage monitoring subsystem as part of a larger risk trading system to detect information leakage. We propose a framework for the design of such a subsystem and identify the fundamental tradeoffs between maximum information leakage rates, delays in leakage detection, buyer budgetary constraints and inherent errors in the monitoring subsystem.
International Pig‐a gene mutation assay trial: Evaluation of transferability across 14 laboratories (2011)

A collaborative international trial was conducted to evaluate the reproducibility and transferability of an in vivo mutation assay based on the enumeration of CD59-negative rat erythrocytes, a phenotype that is indicative of Pig-a gene mutation. Fourteen laboratories participated in this study, where anti-CD59-PE, SYTO 13 dye, and flow cytometry were used to determine the frequency of CD59-negative erythrocytes (RBC(CD59-)) and CD59-negative reticulocytes (RET(CD59-)). To provide samples with a range of mutant phenotype cell frequencies, male rats were exposed to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU) via oral gavage for three consecutive days (Days 1-3). Each laboratory studied 0, 20, and 40 mg ENU/kg/day (n = 5 per group). Three sites also evaluated 4 mg/kg/day. At a minimum, blood samples were collected three times: predosing and on Days 15 and 30. Blood samples were processed according to a standardized sample processing and data acquisition protocol, and three endpoints were measured: %reticulocytes, frequency of RET(CD59-) , and frequency of RBC(CD59-) . The methodology was found to be reproducible, as the analysis of technical replicates resulted in experimental coefficients of variation that approached theoretical values. Good transferability was evident from the similar kinetics and magnitude of the dose-related responses that were observed among different laboratories. Concordance correlation coefficients showed a high level of agreement between the reference site and the test sites (range: 0.87-0.99). Collectively, these data demonstrate that with adequate training of personnel, flow cytometric analysis is capable of reliably enumerating mutant phenotype erythrocytes, thereby providing a robust in vivo mutation assay that is readily transferable across laboratories.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Membered Ring Systems (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Pierre Auger Observatory II: Studies of Cosmic Ray Composition and Hadronic Interaction models (2011)

Studies of the composition of the highest energy cosmic rays with the Pierre Auger Observatory, including examination of hadronic physics effects on the structure of extensive air showers.
A new way to reduce candidate blocks for block matching motion estimation (2003)

A new way to reduce candidate blocks for the block matching algorithm is proposed. It consists of three steps: (1) compute the average luminance of all the concerned blocks by a fast iterative algorithm; (2) calculate the absolute error between the average luminance of the currently concerned block and that of the candidate block within the search window in the previous frame; and (3) remove those candidate blocks with large difference. Then the most similar block will be found by searching the remaining candidate blocks. The complexity of reducing the search space is very small, but it can remove candidate blocks from the search window efficiently and effectively. The simulation results are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of this new algorithm.
Evaluation of Heavy Metals in Drinking Water of Tribal Districts Ex-FATA Pakistan (2022)

This study was conducted to evaluate the six heavy metals zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), and cadmium (Cd) in seven water samples collected from seven tribal districts (Bajaur, Mohmand, Khyber, Orakzai, Kurram, South Waziristan and North Waziristan) from Ex-FATA Pakistan. All samples were digested using the wet digestion method and the digested samples were analyzed for heavy metals using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results from water samples from seven districts were compared to the recommended standard value from the World Health Organization and the Environmental Protection Agency. The results obtained from the analysis for nickel (Ni) showed that the highest concentration (0.093 mg/l) was reported in the water of Khyber district, while the lowest concentration (0.011 mg/l) was found in the water of South Orakzai district. Iron (Fe) had the highest concentration (0.32 mg/l) in the water of Orakzai district. The highest concentration (0.19 mg/L) of chromium (Cr) was reported in the water of Orakzai district. In addition, the result showed that the highest concentration (0.87 mg/l) of zinc (Zn) was in Orakzai district, the highest concentration (1.92 mg/l) of copper (Cu) in Khyber and Mohmand districts ( 1.92 mg/l), while the highest concentration (0.0029 mg/l) of cadmium (Cd) was measured in the water of Orakzai district. Therefore, based on comparison to WHO and EPA standard values, this study shows that the water of all tribal districts is safe for drinking water purposes
Fluorescent Nanorods and Nanospheres for Real‐Time In Vivo Probing of Nanoparticle Shape‐Dependent Tumor Penetration (2011)

Shape dependent: Fluorescent quantum-dot-based nanospheres and nanorods with identical hydrodynamic size and surface properties but different aspect ratios were developed for real-time in vivo tumor imaging. The nanorods exhibited superior transport and distribution into mammary tumors in vivo versus nanospheres of similar plasma half-life. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Deep Neural Network Classification of Tactile Materials Explored by Tactile Sensor Array With Various Active-Cell Formations (2020)

Reducing the input data of tactile sensory systems brings a large degree of freedom to real-world implementations from the perspectives of bandwidth and computational complexity. For this, in this letter, we suggest efficient active-cell formations with a high classification accuracy of tactile materials. By revealing that averaged Kullback-Leibler-divergence and common frequency component power to variance ratio are proportional to the classification accuracy, we showed that those methods can be useful in estimating valid active-cell formations.
Structural Aspects of 5‐Methylthio‐1‐oxa‐6,6aλIV‐dithia‐2‐azapentalenes. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.