gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-reversal acoustics (2008)

Time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) refocus an incident acoustic field to the position of the original source regardless of the complexity of the propagation medium. TRM's have now been implemented in a variety of physical scenarios from MHz ultrasonics with order centimeter aperture size to hundreds/thousands of Hz in ocean acoustics with order hundred meter aperture size. Common to this broad range of scales is a remarkable robustness exemplified by observations at all scales that the more complex the medium between the probe source and the TRM, the sharper the focus. The relation between the medium complexity and the size of the focal spot is studied in this paper. It is certainly the most exciting property of TRM compared to standard focusing devices. A TRM acts as an antenna that uses complex environments to appears wider than it is, resulting for a broadband pulse in a refocusing quality that does not depend of the TRM aperture. In this paper, we investigate the time-reversal approach in various media of increasing complexity and we discuss the link existing between time-reversal approach and local helioseismology where Green's functions can be extracted from diffusive noise.
Anion exchange in lithium aluminate hydroxides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnion exchange in lithium aluminate hydroxidesPrabir K. Dutta and Micky PuriCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 1, 376–381Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100338a072https://doi.org/10.1021/j100338a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views659Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Catalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins with New Catalysts:  The First Example of Heterogenization of OsO42- by Ion-Exchange Technique (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCatalytic Asymmetric Dihydroxylation of Olefins with New Catalysts: The First Example of Heterogenization of OsO42- by Ion-Exchange TechniqueBoyapati M. Choudary, Naidu S. Chowdari, Mannepalli L. Kantam, and Kondapuram V. RaghavanView Author Information Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Hyderabad 500 007, India Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 37, 9220–9221Publication Date (Web):August 22, 2001Publication History Received30 April 2001Revised3 August 2001Published online22 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016101uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016101urapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1249Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Inorganic compounds,Ligands,Osmium Get e-Alerts
Devising a test strategy to characterize system reliability of submicron interconnect wiring (2002)

Measuring the distribution of time to failure of faults in metal interconnects is highly analogous to the weakest link problem, i.e. one can measure the strength of the weakest link, but when a chain breaks the characteristic of any remaining weak links cannot be determined. This paper looks for a way to project the characteristics of all weak links given measurements of the weakest of those links. We show that when the form of the distribution is understood, a good estimate can be made, and that error tolerances are not restrictive. Monte Carlo simulation is used to establish these results.
Tunable Mid-Infrared Continuous-Wave Optical Parametric Oscillator Based on Fan-Out Grating PPLN Pumped at 1064 nm (2019)

Summary form only given. Recently, a variety of mid-infrared (mid-IR) light sources have been developed for use in remote sensing applications such as biomedical sensing, optical radiation measurement, gas sensing, planetary monitoring and defense science [1]. In particular, continuous-wave (cw) optical parametric oscillator (OPO), which is capable of wide wavelength-tuning and has a narrow linewidth, are known to useful in the mid-IR applications. For example, to achieve performance evaluation of mid-IR spectrometer, which is indispensable for the success of the remote sensing applications, it is essential to develop a light source with a wide wavelength tuning bandwidth and a narrow linewidth. However, because of the absorptive property of the PPLN medium at mid-IR, the use of cw OPO based on PPLN has been limited to more than 4.7 μm [2]. In this paper, we report on a tunable 2.5 - 5.0 gm continuous -wave optical parametric oscillator based on fan out grating PPLN pumped at 1064 nm. Figure 1(a) represent the experimental schematics for producing tunable mid-IR OPO output. Since the mirror coating is difficult to cover the idler wavelength from 2.5 gm to 5.0 gm, there are OP01, which produces idler outputs from 2500 nm to 3600 nm, and OP02, which produces idler outputs from 3600 nm to 5100 nm, respectively. To reduce the operating threshold for starting OPO oscillation, we install a standing -wave cavity resonating both at the pump and signal wavelengths [3]. By using the modified PoundDrever-Hall (PDH) technique, the cavity length is stabilized to resonance of the pump laser [4]. The idler wavelengths are achievable with changing the grating period of the fan -out PPLN crystal
Abstract B48: PI3Kδ-specific inhibitors may act as adjuvants in the immunotherapy of glioblastoma (2020)

Abstract Glioblastoma is the most devastating form of primary brain tumor. Despite surgery, radiotherapy, and concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy, the survival rate remains disappointing. Multiple factors including a diverse array of signaling pathways play significant roles in glioblastoma pathogenesis. Of note, the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway is often aberrant in glioblastoma, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation, migration, and invasion into nearby normal brain tissues. The PI3Kδ isoform, predominantly found in leukocytes, is expressed in a number of tumors including glioblastoma. We had previously shown that PI3Kδ is also expressed in glioma cells such as the U87-MG cell line. Using siRNA knockdown technique, we demonstrated that it is important in glioma cell migration and invasion. Interestingly, its expression has been reported to associate with glioma cell resistance to erlotinib. To further study the mechanistic role of PI3Kδ in glioma pathogenesis, we created two knockout cell strains of U87-MG by CRISPR-Cas9 technology. We performed global transcriptome and pathway analysis comparing the parent cell line U87-MG with these knockout cell strains. Our results showed that the mRNA expression of Pleckstrin 2 (PLEK2) is dramatically reduced in PI3Kδ knockout cells. This is confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR. Western blot analysis showed that PLEK2 protein level is reduced by more than 90% and the phosphorylation of Akt at 308, but not 473, is also reduced. PLEK2 contributes to lamellipodia formation and cell spreading via actin cytoskeleton rearrangement, ultimately affecting cell migration and invasion. Our recent findings further strengthen the important role of PI3Kδ in glioma cell motility. It has been shown recently that inhibition of PI3Kα/δ directly enhances effector CD8+ T-cell activity. Thus, use of PI3Kδ-specific inhibitors may reduce expression of PLEK2 thereby reduces glioma cell migration and at the same time promotes antitumor immunity. PI3Kδ inhibitors may also be used as adjuvants together with immune checkpoint inhibitors such as pembrolizumab to prolong the survival of glioblastoma patients. Citation Format: Zulfikar Azam, Shao Wei, Tony To. PI3Kδ-specific inhibitors may act as adjuvants in the immunotherapy of glioblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy; 2019 Nov 17-20; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2020;8(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B48.
Discovery and SAR of Halauxifen Methyl: A Novel Auxin Herbicide (2015)

The most recent discovery in the area of auxin herbicides was the identification of novel 6-aryl-picolinate herbicides that exhibit post-emergent control of key dicot weeds at low application rates. Research of the SAR associated with this compound class led to the identification and field testing of a highly active analog. While the herbicidal activity of this analog was compelling, the soil half-life was too long to support advancement toward registration. To address this long soil half-life, additional research focused on the incorporation of a methoxy group on the 6-phenyl tail. A novel 6-aryl-picolinate analog was subsequently discovered that exhibited potent dicot weed control and a soil half-life between 10-25 days. This compound advanced into the development process and received the common name of halauxifen methyl. This report describes the discovery process that led from the first picolinate herbicide picloram to halauxifen methyl.
All-optical XOR using 1550-nm high-speed S-SEEDs and integrated micro-optics (2008)

We demonstrate a compact, all-optical XOR gate at 1550nm by integrating three symmetric self-electooptic effect devices (S-SEEDs) with micro-optics. Each S-SEED operates as a NAND or NOR gate and can switch faster than 10ps.
Sonic well logging—acoustic propagation and signal processing (1980)

Oil and gas wells are logged for mechanical properties with acoustic tools that excite elastic waves in the rock formation. Wide-band signals (5 to 20 kHz) are generated near the axis of a fluid-filled borehole. These signals propagate a few feet through the fluid and rock where they are detected by hydrophones also located near the axis of the borehole. The excited wave field consists of compressional and shear head waves, trapped fluid modes and a surface wave or Stoneley mode. The frequency dependence of the head waves and the Stoneley mode are strongly influenced by the formation surrounding the borehole. The higher order trapped modes are dispersive with phase speeds between the shear and fluid speeds. Because the borehole penetrates a complicated geometry of rock layers, the waves traveling in the formation undergo reflections and mode conversions at the bed boundaries. We shall show how the elastic parameters of the rock formation can be extracted from these complex waveforms. Implications of borehole acoustics for the analysis of waveforms will be discussed with emphasis on theoretical and experimental comparisons for both head waves and trapped fluid modes. We will describe coherent signal processing techniques based on many downhole receivers and describe the performance of various spectral estimators and beamformers.
Synthesis and Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles: From Transformers to Cancer Detection. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Conformation of Azobenzene‐Modified Poly(α‐L‐Glutamate) (AZOPLGA) in Thin Films: Solid State NMR Studies (2004)

Abstract The conformations of azobenzene‐modified poly(α‐L‐glutamate)s (AZOPLGA) with a different degree of functionalization were examined by solid state 13C NMR. The polymer main chain conformations in AZOPLGA powders (precipitated from reaction system) changes from α‐helix to β‐sheet when the degree of functionalization increases from 12% to 56%. In addition, the solvent used for fabricating films plays an important role in organizing AZOPLGA backbones into characteristic conformation. For AZOPLGA56 (AZOPLGA with 56% of functionalization) cast films, the polymer backbones can assume conformations ranging from order state (β‐sheet) to random coil by changing the solvent for fabrication. In contrast, the effect of solvent on the conformation of AZOPLGA23 (AZOPLGA with 23% of functionalization) is not so significant. When compared with AZOPLGA23 powder (precipitated from reaction system), the helical conformation increases for AZOPLGA23 film cast from TFA. However, the fractions of α‐helix and β‐sheet conformation in AZOPLGA23 films (cast from DMF or pyridine) are nearly identical to that of AZOPLGA23 power. Moreover, even though the polymer backbones are random coil in AZOPLGA56 films when cast from TFA, some locally ordered domain can be observed. Lastly, the effect of the azo content appears to play a dominant role over the effect of solvents in directing the conformation of these polymers.
Reactions of [Cp(CO)2Fe:CHAr]+ (Ar = p-C6H4OMe) with O:N-Ar'(Ar' = C6H5, p-C6H4NMe2) and PhN:NPh (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of [Cp(CO)2Fe:CHAr]+ (Ar = p-C6H4OMe) with O:N-Ar'(Ar' = C6H5, p-C6H4NMe2) and PhN:NPhWei Jun Peng, A. S. Gamble, Joseph L. Templeton, and M. BrookhartCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 3, 463–467Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00328a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00328a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Nonneoplastic Intramedullary Spinal Cord Lesions Mimicking Tumors (1998)

Although it was difficult to antecedently distinguish these lesions from neoplastic spinal cord tumors by case history and physical examination, the most consistent clue was absent or minimal spinal cord expansion on the preoperative magnetic resonance images.
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and Other Anti- Inflammatory Agents in the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disease (2005)

Inflammation is characteristic of a broad spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. These include Alzheimer's (AD), Parkinson's (PD), and Huntington's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, all of the tauopathies, multiple sclerosis and many other less common conditions. Morphologically, the level of inflammation is determined by the concentration and degree of activation of microglial cells. Biochemically, it is judged by the presence of a spectrum of inflammatory mediators. Epidemiological evidence indicates that anti-inflammatory agents such as non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have a sparing effect on AD and PD indicating that inflammation exacerbates the pathology in these diseases. NSAIDs are protective in transgenic animal models of AD, providing further evidence of the negative consequences of inflammation. Here we describe an in vitro model, which was used to study the protective effects of NSAIDs in AD. This model is based on neuronal cell killing by stimulated microglia or microglia-like cells. In this model NSAIDs show protective effects at a therapeutically relevant level, which is in the low micromolar range. There are reports suggesting that NSAIDs act independently of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition, but only at higher doses. Classical NSAIDs are still the most logical choice for agents that will slow the progression or delay the onset of AD and other neurodegenerative diseases despite failures of naproxen, celecoxib and rofecoxib in AD clinical trials. Several other classes of anti-inflammatory drugs have been identified as potentially beneficial in this and similar assay systems. Therefore combination therapy with other anti-inflammatory agents that work through different mechanisms of action might prove to be a superior therapeutic strategy.
The influence of the number of satellites on the accuracy of RTK GPS positions (1999)

The aim of this paper is to analyse the effect of the number of satellites on the accuracy of RTK positions. Testing was undertaken on a ten kilometre baseline with measurements collected under varying satellite configurations over a four day period. Approximately three thousand positions were recorded. The results indicate that an increase in the number of satellites has a limited influence on position accuracy in an urban environment.
APPLICATION NOTE Strategies for the Analysis of Poly(Methacrylic Acid) by Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/ Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (2007)

We evaluated several aqueous-based sample preparation protocols for the analysis of poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS). The sample contained a pentaerythritol tetra(3mercaptopropionate) end-group, and was characterized in positive and negative ion modes using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP) matrices. The major series observed were the [M Na] species, in positive ion mode, and the [M H] species, in negative ion mode. The performance of DHB and THAP matrices was comparable in positive ion mode, but THAP outperformed DHB in negative ion mode. The use of ion-exchange beads (IXB) benefited the analysis, while the addition of sodium acetate (NaOAc) or trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) proved disadvantageous in positive ion mode. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2007, 18, 1507–1510) © 2007 American Society for Mass Spectrometry
Sub-modular Power Optimizers Based on Partial Power Converters for Utility Scale PV Plants (2019)

Increasing the amount of energy extracted from a large-scale photovoltaic (PV) plant directly impacts its profitability. Obtaining higher energy yields depends heavily on the efficiency of the power conversion stages, but also on the configuration of the PV plant. More distributed maximum power point tracking (MPPT) among PV modules, allows maximizing the amount of energy extracted, especially under non-uniform conditions. To deal with partial shading conditions at module level, a sub-module power optimizer based on partial power converters is proposed. The configuration employs an isolated partial DC-DC power converters allowing to decouple the shaded parts from the unshaded at PV module level, maximizing the energy extracted. The behavior of the proposed configuration is verified through simulation, which is compared with a classic string configuration through analysis based on performance, improvements, and drawbacks of the proposed structure under mismatching scenarios.
Multivalent meningococcal serogroup B vaccines: challenges in predicting protection and measuring effectiveness (2015)

Vaccines targeting Neisseria meningitidis serogroup B (MenB) have been attempted for 40 years. Monovalent outer membrane vesicle vaccines targeted at epidemic outbreaks have been successfully developed. Newer vaccines aim to induce antibodies to cross-reactive antigens, such as factor H binding protein (rLP2086) or a mix of outer membrane vesicle, factor H binding protein and other minor antigens (4CMenB). The true protective coverage among circulating MenB isolates afforded by these vaccines is unknown. Carefully conducted Phase IV post-implementation evaluations designed to measure specific effectiveness against major circulating MenB clonal lineages are needed to address the critical question of which antigens are linked to protection. Progress with whole-genome sequencing and bio-informatics may allow the composition of antigen mozaics based on two major outer membrane proteins: PorA and FetA.
[Neurogenesis in the adult brain: hope for brain repair?]. (2000)

It has been known for many years now that the vocal centers in the hyperstriatum (cortex) of birds with seasonal song behaviour are the site of neuronal generation and, thus, that stem cells capable of giving rise to real neurons exist in the adult. Since then, the notion that neuronal progenitors exist in the adult has been extended to mammals. It seems that the number of brain regions in which neuronal generation is taking place is limited. In addition to the olfactory epithelium where olfactory receptors are under constant renewal, the sites of neuronal regeneration are the olfactory bulb, the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, the associative cortex--in the macaque--and the cerebellum. Although this represents only a limited number of regions and neuronal types (primarily GABAergic interneurons), the observation that new neurons can be created throughout life raises the possibility to use them in replacement therapy in the human.
Mac Cheever (1944–2021): a tribute to a life of achievement and service (2022)

Mac Cheever left this world way too soon on September 23, 2021, and, while he will be greatly missed both personally and professionally, his contributions and imprint, especially in the field of immunotherapy of cancer, will certainly be enduring. He was also a devoted and loving friend, husband,