gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal management in a high speed switched reluctance machine for traction applications (2016)

Thermal design of electric traction machines for high performance HEV drivetrains is a challenging task. Unlike conventional HEV traction machines, these machines are subject to continuous operation at or near their thermal limits during race-track driving, and so thermal management is of paramount importance to the mass and size of the machine. This article presents the main challenges related to the thermal management of a novel high speed switched reluctance machine topology for a high performance sport car, as well as the different approaches considered to address them. The article focuses on the stator of the machine, assuming that the rotor will be cooled by convection.
Mesofluidic Devices for DNA-Programmed Combinatorial Chemistry (2012)

Hybrid combinatorial chemistry strategies that use DNA as an information-carrying medium are proving to be powerful tools for molecular discovery. In order to extend these efforts, we present a highly parallel format for DNA-programmed chemical library synthesis. The new format uses a standard microwell plate footprint and is compatible with commercially available automation technology. It can accommodate a wide variety of combinatorial synthetic schemes with up to 384 different building blocks per chemical step. We demonstrate that fluidic routing of DNA populations in the highly parallel format occurs with excellent specificity, and that chemistry on DNA arrayed into 384 well plates proceeds robustly, two requirements for the high-fidelity translation and efficient in vitro evolution of small molecules.
A Study of Heterogeneous Catalysis by Nanoparticle‐Embedded Paper‐Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2016)

We have developed nanoparticle-embedded paper-spray mass spectrometry for studying three types of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions: 1) Palladium-nanoparticle-catalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions, 2) palladium- or silver-nanoparticle-catalyzed 4-nitrophenol reduction, and 3) gold-nanoparticle-catalyzed glucose oxidation. These reactions were almost instantaneous on the nanocatalyst-embedded paper, which subsequently transferred the transient intermediates and products to a mass spectrometer for their detection. This in situ method of capturing transient intermediates and products from heterogeneous catalysis is highly promising for investigating the mechanism of catalysis and rapidly screening catalytic activity under ambient conditions.
Potency and stability of liposomal Amphotericin B formulated for topical management of Aspergillus spp. infections in burn patients (2019)

Background: Systemic fungal infections are an important mortality factor when considering severely burned patients. Preventive topical pharmacotherapeutic management of deep fungal infections remains of secondary concern when initially treating a burn victim, despite high inherent lethal risks. Indeed, the possible subsequent invasions of newly accessible deep tissues and bone by opportunistic fungi often prove fatal. Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent of choice for infections in burn victims. Intravenous administration is limited by drug-related nephrotoxicity. Novel topical Amphotericin B preparations to be applied in burn centers would therefore limit the systemic adverse effects of the active principle while preventing dissemination of sensitive pathogens and thus help reducing infectious and drug-related mortality. Objective: To establish the need for new topical pharmacotherapeutic management options to treat burn wound fungal infections and conceptually determine the applicability of liposomal Amphotericin B for such cases. Methods: Experimental liposomal Amphotericin B was prepared with commercial components and tested in vitro in our mycology laboratory to determine efficacy, stability and potential for topical application on our burn patients. Results: Data showed equivalent or superior in vitro activity of liposomal Amphotericin B versus unbound drug against Aspergillus fumigatus and superior physical and pharmacologic effect stability over time. Conclusion: Topical and relatively inexpensive liposomal Amphotericin B as described in this work is an interesting, potentially mortality-reducing candidate regarding fungal infections in early and severe burn wound management.
Printer Forensics Using SVM Techniques (2005)

In today's digital world securing different forms of content is very important in terms of protecting copyright and verifying authenticity. We have previously described the use of image texture analysis to identify the printer used to print a document. In particular we described a set of features that can be used to provide forensic information describing a document. In this paper we will introduce a printer identification process that uses a support vector machine classifier. We will also examine the effect of font size, font type, paper type, and &#x201C;printer age&#x201D;.
Solvent‐induced isotope effects in NMR spectroscopy. A study of hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl group in chalcone and trifluoracetic acid (TFA‐d or TFA) in chloroform solution (1982)

Abstract Splittings, δ i , were observed for each carbon atom, C i , of chalcone in spectra obtained from coaxial 5 and 10 mm NMR sample tubes containing solutions equimolar in the concentration of the ketone and of TFA or TFA‐ d as hydrogen‐bond donors, respectively. It was found that a linear expression, δ i = ( K –1) x H Δ i +x D δ i (D, H) relates these splittings, δ i , induced by the isotopic substitution in a hydrogen bond, to the parameter Δ i , denoting the change in chemical shift for each carbon site in complexed and free ketone, and δ i (D, H), the solvent‐induced isotope effect in a complex. The origin of the phenomenon is briefly discussed. It is also shown that the secondary deuterium isotope effect can give the same information about the form of the potential energy well in the hydrogen‐bond as the primary H/D isotopte shifts.
Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 inhibitors: a patent review (2006 – 2011) (2012)

Wild-type and mutant forms of LRRK2 are currently being actively pursued as therapeutic targets for the potential treatment of PD. The increasing number of patent applications being filed for inhibitors of LRRK2 is a testament to this activity. Numerous distinct chemo-types have been reported as LRRK2 inhibitors with some demonstrating exceptional potency and selectivity for LRRK2 relative to other kinases. These compounds are being used as pharmacological 'tools' to elucidate the physiological and pathophysiological function of LRRK2 and it appears likely that some will be investigated for their potential therapeutic effects for the treatment of PD.
Highly scalable effective work function engineering approach for multi-V T modulation of planar and FinFET-based RMG high-k last devices for (Sub-)22nm nodes (2013)

We report on a novel EWF engineering approach enabling wide VT modulation in aggressively scaled RMG-HKL planar and multi-gate FinFET-based devices with high aspect-ratio gate trenches. Key features include: 1) Al diffusion control from fill-metal (CoxAly) through an ultra-thin TaN layer on HfO2/TiN and fine-tuned TiN/ TaN thicknesses; 2) optimized TiN films for enhanced (NMOS) or inhibited (PMOS) Al diffusion through it. For a total TiN/TaN thickness of less than 2.5nm, low-VT NMOS planar bulk devices with σ(VT)~14mV at Lgate~30nm and AVT~1.98mV.μm are obtained. By increasing the bi-layer thickness to ~4nm a ~130mV higher VT is achieved with no JG nor EOT impact, and with the use of PDA resulting in an attractive ~10× JG reduction. >500mV ΔVT in narrow fin, triple-gate FinFETs (WFin≥5nm) enable low-VT NMOS with improved mobility and BTI, up to ~6.3× reduced noise, and JG ~0.16/1.9A/cm2 at 1V, 9Å EOT for VTlin=0.29/0.11V, respectively.
Identification and Biochemical Characterization of the Novel α2,3-Sialyltransferase WbwA from Pathogenic Escherichia coli Serotype O104 (2015)

This is the first characterization of a sialyltransferase involved in the synthesis of an O antigen in E. coli. The enzyme contributes to the mimicry of human sialyl-T antigen and has unique substrate specificity but very little sequence identity to other sialyltransferases. Thus, the bacterial sialyltransferase is related to the human counterpart only by the similarity of biochemical activity.
An Investigation of the Compatibility of Nickel-Based Single Crystal Superalloys with Thermal Barrier Coating Systems (2008)

The compatibility of a number of nickel-based single crystal superalloys with a thermal barrier coating (TBC) system is examined. An industry-standard yttria-stabilised zirconia (YSZ)type ceramic was used throughout this work, deposited using electron beam physical vapour deposition at a commercial facility. It is demonstrated that the resistance to spallation during thermal cycling is dependent upon the composition of the superalloy substrate upon which the TBC system is placed – the number of cycles to failure is found to vary by up to a factor of three when identical TBC systems (bond coat, ceramic layer) are employed. Of the three different bond coat systems considered, a platinumdiffused (so-called low-cost bond coat) was found to be consistently better than both low-activity or high-activity platinum aluminide bond coats, but only marginally. The composition of the superalloy substrate is thus shown to be the primary factor in determining TBC life.
Phospho- and sphingolipid metabolism is altered in hereditary hemochromatosis independent of iron content and PNPLA3 polymorphism (2019)

The objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between lipid metabolism including neutral and polar lipids according to iron status and PNPLA3 polymorphism (rs738409/I148 M) in hereditary hemochromatosis (HH).
Supplementary Table S10 from Discovery of Biomarkers Predictive of GSI Response in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Human breast tumor GE Notch Pathway.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from Integrative Analysis of 1q23.3 Copy-Number Gain in Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder is associated with multiple somatic copy-number alterations (SCNAs). We evaluated SCNAs to identify predictors of poor survival in patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma treated with platinum-based chemotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We obtained overall survival (OS) and array DNA copy-number data from patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma in two cohorts. Associations between recurrent SCNAs and OS were determined by a Cox proportional hazard model adjusting for performance status and visceral disease. mRNA expression was evaluated for potential candidate genes by NanoString nCounter to identify transcripts from the region that are associated with copy-number gain. In addition, expression data from an independent cohort were used to identify candidate genes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Multiple areas of recurrent significant gains and losses were identified. Gain of 1q23.3 was independently associated with a shortened OS in both cohorts [adjusted HR, 2.96; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–6.48; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01 and adjusted HR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.43–17.73; &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001]. The &lt;i&gt;F11R&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PFDN2&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;PPOX&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;USP21&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;DEDD&lt;/i&gt; genes, all located on 1q23.3, were closely associated with poor outcome.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; 1q23.3 copy-number gain displayed association with poor survival in two cohorts of metastatic urothelial carcinoma. The identification of the target of this copy-number gain is ongoing, and exploration of this finding in other disease states may be useful for the early identification of patients with poor-risk urothelial carcinoma. Prospective validation of the survival association is necessary to demonstrate clinical relevance. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(7); 1873–83. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Extraction of Total Nucleic Acids From Ticks for the Detection of Bacterial and Viral Pathogens (2010)

Ticks harbor numerous bacterial, protozoal, and viral pathogens that can cause serious infections in humans and domestic animals. Active surveillance of the tick vector can provide insight into the frequency and distribution of important pathogens in the environment. Nucleic-acid based detection of tick-borne bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens requires the extraction of both DNA and RNA (total nucleic acids) from ticks. Traditional methods for nucleic acid extraction are limited to extraction of either DNA or the RNA from a sample. Here we present a simple bead-beating based protocol for extraction of DNA and RNA from a single tick and show detection of Borrelia burgdorferi and Powassan virus from individual, infected Ixodes scapularis ticks. We determined expected yields for total nucleic acids by this protocol for a variety of adult tick species. The method is applicable to a variety of arthropod vectors, including fleas and mosquitoes, and was partially automated on a liquid handling robot.
Fabrication, Modeling, and Characterization of High-Aspect-Ratio Coplanar Waveguide (2010)

A silicon micromachining process has been developed to fabricate high-aspect-ratio coplanar waveguide (hicoplanar). A new closed-form analytical transmission line model that is valid for both conventional coplanar waveguide (CPW) and hicoplanar is introduced and compared with simulations and experimental results. The major novelties of the model are that it includes the effect of the conductor height on the output parameters and combines Wheeler's inductance rule and perturbation theory to predict the line resistance. Transmission lines with characteristic impedances of 18-25 Ω have been fabricated on high-resistivity silicon. Attenuation was measured to be 2.4-3.4 dB/cm at 30 GHz before silicon removal and 1.7-2.4 dB/cm at 30 GHz after silicon removal. The analytical model is compared with Ansoft High Frequency Structure Simulator simulations and experimental data and shows excellent agreement.
Subspace-precoded OFDM with low Out-of-Band Emissions:it will work (2018)

Today’s multicarrier transmitters, deployed in essentially all communications radio equipment we use(phones, TV’s, computers, etc.), contain means to avoid undesired out-of-band power emissions. St ...
Effects of Dual Sofosbuvir/Daclatasvir Therapy on Weight and Linear Growth in Adolescent Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection (2018)

Negative effects on growth indices had been reported in children treated with interferon for chronic viral hepatitis. Forty chronic hepatitis C virus-infected adolescents, 12-17 years of age, were treated with sofosbuvir/daclatasvir therapy for 12 weeks. The intent-to-treat sustained virologic response rate at 12 weeks after end of treatment was 39/40 (97.5%). Unlike interferon-based therapy, we did not detect significant negative effects on linear growth or weight. Contrarily, a trend to increased appetite and insignificant weight gain was observed, but further larger studies are needed to confirm. See Video-Abstract, http://links.lww.com/ASAIO/A381.
Regional dynamics of N-isopropyl-(123I)p-iodoamphetamine in human brain. (1989)

Regional cerebral dynamics of N-isopropyl-(123I)p-iodoamphetamine (IMP) in the human brain were studied using a multi-detector single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) scanner in 35 subjects both normal and with a variety of neurological conditions. Distribution of IMP in the brain was also compared with regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured by positron emission tomography (PET) in 15 of these 35 cases. A significant regional difference in temporal changes of radioactivity was observed among normal brain structures. A rapid increase with early washout of the tracer was shown in the cerebellum and the occipital cortex, while the basal ganglia revealed a relatively slow increase and prolonged retention, indicating the regional difference in extraction and/or retention of IMP among the cerebral tissues. In cases with unilateral hypoperfusion, the percentage of the activity in the lesion to that in the contralateral normal cortex on the early SPECT was correlated well with that on CBF measured by PET (r = 0.870, p less than 0.001). However, the contrast on the SPECT image decreased with time after injection; 84.0 +/- 7.4% on the SPECT at 5-20 min scan, 87.6 +/- 7.6% at 35-50 min scan and 96.2 +/- 6.3% at 5 hr scan. In a case with a brain tumor having high blood flow documented by PET, increased accumulation of IMP was observed in the tumor on the early images obtained within 20 min followed by a rapid washout. These findings suggested altered extraction and/or retention of IMP in normal and diseased tissues, and these factors should be considered for the assessment of distribution and redistribution of IMP.
Drug Delivery Using Antibody-Liposome Conjugates (1993)

Liposomes bearing surface-attached antibody (L-Ab) were prepared to deliver dideoxyinosine triphosphate (ddITP) to human monocyte/macrophages. A mouse monoclonal antibody (IgG2a) was modified using succinimidyl pyridyl dithiopropionate (SPDP) as a heterobifunctional reagent in order to conjugate the Ab to liposomes through a covalent (thioether) bond. SPDP-modified antibody was incubated with liposomes containing 5 mol% of maleimido phenyl butyrate phosphatidyl ethanolamine (MPB-PE) at room temperature for 8 hr. L-Ab was separated from free and aggregated antibodies by density gradient technique using metrizamide. Uptake of L-Ab by human monocyte/macrophages was measured as a function of time and compared to liposomes prepared with and without MPB-PE and free ddITP. The uptake increased with time with all samples except for free ddITP after 4 hr. This could be explained by dephosphorylation of ddITP. Uptake of MPB-PE liposomes was 2.7 times higher than those without MPB-PE after 48 hr. However, the uptake of L-Ab was 7 times higher than MPB-PE liposomes, 19 times higher than liposomes without MPB-PE, and 80 times higher than free ddITP after 48 hr. It can be concluded that the delivery of ddITP can be increased by surface attached antibody.
Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids: Mononucleotides (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access the actual ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fluorescent detection of nucleosomes using functionalized magnetic beads on a digital microfluidic device (2021)

Epigenetics, the study of inheritable mechanisms that regulate gene expression, has clinical ramifications from cancer to autoimmune disorders to psychiatric pathologies. The main tool to study epigenetics is chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), which probes the relationship between DNA and its structural nucleosome-forming histone proteins. Standard benchtop ChIP has three major drawbacks: (1) it requires a large input volume of cells, (2) it is very time consuming and work intensive, and (3) it is low throughput. Digital microfluidic biochips (DMFB) have proven to be successful at utilizing small volumes of reagents and samples to perform high throughput bioanalyses and assays of macromolecules. Their ease of configurability, automation, and high sensitivity make them an ideal platform for ChIP adaptation, addressing the three biggest issues facing epigenetic study and workflow. Herein, we demonstrate the first step towards ChIP implementation on a DMFB by detecting specifically modified nucleosomes, the building blocks of chromatin, in a nucleosome immunoprecipitation assay. Using magnetic beads to capture the nucleosomes with magnetic fields generated by embedded current wires and fluorescent conjugated antibodies for detection, this DMFB system allows complete on-chip isolation and detection without the need for external magnets or specialized fluoroscopy equipment. This assay design can be adapted to probe for multiple specific nucleosome modifications, thus establishing a rapid screening method for antibody specificity and sensitivity. Most importantly, this novel confirmatory checkpoint, currently unavailable when running ChIP, ensures that the target analyte has been isolated prior to intensive downstream analyses such as PCR and sequencing.
Do angiotensin receptor blockers prevent Alzheimer's disease? (2013)

To date, no robust clinical trial of ARBs in Alzheimer's disease has been performed. All things being equal, it is reasonable to consider ARBs in those with cognitive risks.
Spectroscopic measurements with a new method: The projectile-fragments isotopic separation (1987)

A new method for the isotopic separation of projectile fragments is exposed. The application to the LISE spectrometer at GANIL provided radioactivity data on light neutron‐rich nuclei (mass range 14–40). The observation on 17B of the beta‐delayed four neutron decay mode is reported for the first time.
Anatase TiO2 Confined in Carbon Nanopores for High‐Energy Li‐Ion Hybrid Supercapacitors Operating at High Rates and Subzero Temperatures (2019)

Abstract Li‐ion hybrid supercapacitors (Li‐HSCs) hold great promise in future electrical energy storage due to their relatively high power and energy density. However, a major challenge lies in the slow kinetics of Li‐ion intercalation/extraction within metal‐oxide electrodes. Here, it is shown that ultrafast charge storage is realized by confining anatase TiO 2 nanoparticles in carbon nanopores to enable a high‐rate anode for Li‐HSCs. The porous carbon with interconnected pore walls and open channels not only works as a conductive host to protect TiO 2 from structural degradation but also provides fast pathways for ion/electron transport. As a result, the assembled cells exhibit remarkable rate capabilities with a specific capacity of ≈140 mAh g −1 at a slow charge and ≈60 mAh g −1 at a 3.5 s fast charge. While the charge/discharge process can be completed as fast as that of state‐of‐the‐art electrical double‐layer capacitors (EDLCs), the produced nanocomposites show three to seven times higher volumetric capacitance than activated carbons used in commercial EDLCs with acetonitrile‐based electrolytes. Equally important for some applications in cold climates or the space, the Li‐HSCs can operate at subzero temperatures as low as −40 °C, which is likely only limited by thermal properties of the acetonitrile (melting point of −45 °C).
High Power Silicon-Germanium Photodiodes for (2010)

We demonstrate high current operation of an evanes- cently coupled Gewaveguide n-i-p photodetector grownon top of a Siribwaveguide.A7.4 m 500 mdevicewasfoundtodissipate 1.003 W of power (125.49 mA at V). 2-D thermal simulations of the device show that the relatively high thermal conductivities of the intrinsic Ge region and the doped Si layer result in effi- cient heat transfer and hence, lower absorber temperatures when compared to a similar InP based waveguide photodiode. Addition- ally,todeterminethefeasibilityofthesedevicesforanalogphotonic applications, we performed large signal and small signal radio fre- quency (RF) measurements as well as linearity measurements. At 1 GHz and 40 mA of photocurrent, a third order output intercept point (OIP3) of 36.49 dBm is measured. The maximum RF power extracted at 1 GHz is 14.17 dBm at 60 mA of photocurrent and 7 V reverse bias.
Figures S5-S6 from Silencing the Snail-Dependent RNA Splice Regulator ESRP1 Drives Malignant Transformation of Human Pulmonary Epithelial Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figures S5-S6 provide additional evidence that Snail malignantly transforms epithelial cells in vitro. Information on the mutational background and stem phenotype of the cells transformed by Snail is provided.&lt;/p&gt;