gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CAR T-cell Therapy Meets Clonal Hematopoiesis (2022)

Clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) is common in patients with hematologic malignancies. Recent publications provide evidence that CHIP may affect chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy efficacy and that the incidence of treatment-related toxicities such as cytokine release syndrome and immune effector-cell associated neurotoxicity syndrome may be affected. See related article by Saini et al., p. 385 (8).
Friction reducing ability of a poly‐l‐lysine and dopamine modified hyaluronan coating for polycaprolactone cartilage resurfacing implants (2023)

Frictional properties of cartilage resurfacing implants should be sufficiently low to limit damaging of the opposing cartilage during articulation. The present study determines if native lubricious molecule proteoglycan 4 (PRG4) can adsorb onto a layer-by-layer bioinspired coating composed of poly-l-lysine (PLL) and dopamine modified hyaluronic acid (HADN) and thereby can reduce the friction between implant and articular cartilage. An ELISA was developed to quantify the amount of immobilized human recombinant (rh)PRG4 after exposure to the PLL-HADN coating. The effect on lubrication was evaluated by comparing the coefficient of friction (CoF) of bare polycaprolactone (PCL) disks to that of PLL-HADN coated PCL disks while articulated against cartilage using a ring-on-disk geometry and a lubricant solution consisting of native synovial fluid components including rhPRG4. The PLL-HADN coating effectively immobilized rhPRG4. The surface roughness of PCL disks significantly increased while the water contact angle significantly decreased after application of the coating. The average CoF measured during the first minute of bare PCL against cartilage exceeded twice the CoF of the PLL-HADN coated PCL against cartilage. After 60 min, the CoF reached equilibrium values which were still significantly higher for bare PCL compared to coated PCL. The present study demonstrated that PCL can effectively be coated with PLL-HADN. Additionally, this coating reduces the friction between PCL and cartilage when a PRG4-rich lubricant is used, similar to the lubricating surface of native cartilage. This makes PLL-HADN coating a promising application to improve the clinical success of PCL-based cartilage resurfacing implants.
Phenomenological Theory of Electro‐osmotic Effect and Water Management in Polymer Electrolyte Proton‐Conducting Membranes (1998)

Partial dehydration of the proton‐conducting membrane under working conditions is one of the major problems in low‐temperature fuel cell technology. In this paper a model, which accounts for the electro‐osmotically induced drag of water from anode to cathode and the counterflow in a hydraulic pressure gradient is proposed. A balance of these flows determines a gradient of water content across the membrane, which causes a decline of the current‐voltage performance. Phenomenological transport equations coupled with the capillary pressure isotherm are used, involving the conductivity, permeability, and electro‐osmotic drag coefficients dependent on the local water content. The effects of membrane parameters on current‐voltage performance are investigated. A universal feature of the obtained current‐voltage plots is the existence of a critical current at which the potential drop across the membrane increases dramatically due to the dehydration of membrane layers close to the anode. For a membrane with zero residual conductivity in its dry parts, the critical current is a limiting current. Well below the critical current the effect of dehydration is negligible and the current‐voltage plot obeys Ohm's law. The shape of the capillary pressure isotherm determines the nonohmic corrections. A comparison of the results of this study to those of the pertinent diffusion‐type models reveals qualitatively different features, the convection model is found to be closer to experimental observations.
Routes for the Synthesis of (2S)-2-Methyltetrahydropyran-4-one from Simple Optically Pure Building Blocks (2009)

Routes to (2S)-2-methyltetrahydropyran-4-one of high optical purity starting from readily available chiral pool precursors and suitable for large-scale manufacture are described. In one approach, the key step is cyclisation of (S)-5-hydroxyhex-1-en-3-one, derived either from an alkyl (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate or (S)-propylene oxide. Formation of the tetrahydropyran ring directly via an intramolecular oxy-Michael reaction under acid-catalysed conditions resulted in loss of optical purity, whereas proceeding through the intermediate (2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one, via an oxidative Pd-catalysed ring closure, followed by hydrogenation of the alkenyl bond, preserved the optical purity. An alternative approach to (2S)-2-methyl-2,3-dihydropyran-4-one is also reported, again starting from an alkyl (S)-3-hydroxybutyrate by elaboration to a carbonyl-protected (6S)-6-methyl-5,6-dihydropyran-2,4-dione derivative, followed by partial reduction and dehydration. Alternatively, the carbonyl group can be reduced out completely in one step to furnish (2S)-2-methyltetrahydropyran-4-one directly after deprotection.
Non-invasive brain stimulation interventions for management of chronic central neuropathic pain: a scoping review protocol (2017)

No primary data will be collected and hence formal ethics review is not required. The results of the scoping review will be presented at relevant national and international conferences, published in a peer-reviewed journal and provided to the stakeholders with plain language to be posted on their websites. This scoping review will provide a foundation to guide the development of future primary research on non-invasive brain stimulation and CCNP.
Data Parallel Address Architecture (2006)

Data parallel memory systems must maintain a large number of outstanding memory references to fully use increasing DRAM bandwidth in the presence of increasing latency. At the same time, the throughput of modern DRAMs is very sensitive to access pattern's due to the time required to precharge and activate banks and to switch between read and write access. To achieve memory reference parallelism a system may simultaneously issue references from multiple reference threads. Alternatively multiple references from a single thread can be issued in parallel. In this paper, we examine this tradeoff and show that allowing only a single thread to access DRAM at any given time significantly improves performance by increasing the locality of the reference stream and hence reducing precharge/activate operations and read/write turnaround. Simulations of scientific and multimedia applications show that generating multiple references from a single thread gives, on average, 17% better performance than generating references from two parallel threads.
tert-ButylN-(phosphinoyloxy)carbamate (2006)

The title compound, C17H20NO4P, contains pyramidal N atoms and adopts similar conformations in its three independent mol­ecules (A, B and C). Mol­ecules A and B form a dimer in the crystal structure by way of a pair of N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, as does C with its inversion-generated partner.
TAPP adaptors control Akt-dependent metabolic activation of germinal center B cells and suppress autoimmunity via binding to the SHIP product PI(3,4)P2 (2016)

Abstract The phosphoinositide phosphatase SHIP regulates B cell activation by converting the PI 3-kinase product PI(3,4,5)P3 to PI(3,4)P2. While this activity of SHIP appears critical for generation of effective adaptive immunity while avoiding autoimmunity, the function of PI(3,4)P2 in B cells remains relatively unexplored. Tandem PH domain containing proteins (TAPPs) are adaptor proteins that specifically bind to PI(3,4)P2 via their C-terminal PH domains, targeting them to the plasma membrane. Mice bearing inactivating mutations in the PH domains of both TAPP1 and TAPP2, uncoupling them from PI(3,4)P2, exhibit hypergammaglobulinemia and develop lupus-like characteristics including anti-DNA antibodies and deposition of immune complexes in kidneys. Here we find that TAPP KI mice develop chronic germinal centres (GCs) and age-associated increases in B cell expression of activation, exhaustion and memory markers, all of which are B cell intrinsic and dependent on the co-stimulatory molecule ICOS. TAPP KI B cells exhibit elevated phosphorylation of Akt and its target GSK3, and increased survival. Strikingly, TAPP KI B cells exhibit increased metabolic activity associated with elevated oxygen consumption rate, increased extracellular acidification rate, increased expression of glucose transporter Glut1 and increased glucose transport rate. Together our findings suggest that TAPP-PI(3,4)P2 interaction is important for regulating signalling via Akt, B cell metabolism and development of autoimmunity.
Deux discomycètes intéressants récoltés à La Martinique (2002)

Deux espèces du genre Cookeina récoltées à La Martinique sont décrites et commentées.
Suicide Enzyme Inactivators (1980)

A new and elegant approach to specific irreversible enzyme inactivation is the use of inhibitors possessing latent reactive functionalities which are unmasked at the enzyme's active site as a result of the normal catalytic turnover. Such an inhibitory process is described by the following equation: A these inhibitors owe their activity to the kcat term (i.e., the enzyme's usual mode of action) they have been designated "kcat inhibitors" by Rando (1), while Abeles and Maycock (2) have used the term "Suicide Enzyme Inactivators" because the enzyme, in accepting such a "booby-trapped" substrate commits suicide by its own mechanism of action. An early example of the concept was described by Wood and Ingraham who reported that the product of oxidation of phenol or pyrocatechol by tyrosinase inactivates that enzyme irreversibly(3). It was speculated that the quinonoid products of oxidation react in Michael fashion with nucleophilic residues on the enzyme, leading to
A three‐dimensional analysis of bilateral directional asymmetry in the human clavicle (2012)

This study presents a novel three-dimensional analysis using statistical atlases and automated measurements to assess diaphyseal morphology of the clavicle and its relationship to muscle asymmetry. A sample of 505 individuals (285 males, 220 females) from the William McCormick Clavicle Collection was CT scanned, segmented, and added to a statistical bone atlas that captures correspondence between homologous points on the bone surfaces. Muscle attachment sites were localized on the atlas and then propagated across the entire population. Cross-sectional contours were extracted at 5% increments along the entire bone, as well as at muscle attachment sites and the clavicle waist; maximum and minimum dimensions of each cross-sectional contour were calculated. In addition, the entire three-dimensional surface was examined for asymmetry by analyzing the magnitude and directional differences between homologous points across all bone surfaces in the dataset. The results confirm the existing studies on clavicle asymmetry, namely that the left clavicle is longer than the right, but the right is more robust than the left. However, the patterns of asymmetry are sexually dimorphic. Males are significantly asymmetric in all dimensions and at muscle and ligament attachment sites (P < 0.05), whereas female asymmetry is more variable. We hypothesize that this is related to absolute and relative differences in male muscle strength compared to females. However, an area with no muscle attachments on the posterior midshaft was significantly asymmetric in both sexes. We suggest that this is a curvature difference caused by opposing muscle actions at the medial and lateral ends of the bone.
Hardware and Software Support for NUMA Computing on Configurable Emulated Shared Memory Architectures (2013)

The emulated shared memory (ESM) architectures are good candidates for future general purpose parallel computers due to their ability to provide easy-to-use explicitly parallel synchronous model of computation to programmers as well as avoid most performance bottlenecks present in current multicore architectures. In order to achieve full performance the applications must, however, have enough thread-level parallelism (TLP). To solve this problem, in our earlier work we have introduced a class of configurable emulated shared memory (CESM) machines that provides a special non-uniform memory access (NUMA) mode for situations where TLP is limited or for direct compatibility for legacy code sequential computing or NUMA mechanism. Unfortunately the earlier proposed CESM architecture does not integrate the different modes of the architecture well together e.g. by leaving the memories for different modes isolated and therefore the programming interface is non-integrated. In this paper we propose a number of hardware and software techniques to support NUMA computing in CESM architectures in a seamless way. The hardware techniques include three different NUMA-shared memory access mechanisms and the software ones provide a mechanism to integrate NUMA computation into the standard parallel random access machine (PRAM) operation of the CESM. The hardware techniques are evaluated on our REPLICA CESM architecture and compared to an ideal CESM machine making use of the proposed software techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: General Approach for the Synthesis of Polyquinanes. (1986)

Abstract Die polycyclischen Polyketone (I), (IV) und (IX) werden über die Stufen der Alkohole und der Cycloole‐ ?ne in die Kohlenwasserstoffe (III), (VIII) und (X) übergeführt.
Apoptosis of astrocyte mediated by toll‐like receptor 4 and apoptosis signal‐regulating 1 (ASK1) in cardiovascular center causes excessive sympathoexcitation in hypertensive rats (2010)

Background Long considered merely a mechanical support to neurons, astrocyte has been shown to protect and mediate neural function. We previously demonstrated that oxidative stress and apoptosis in the rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of brainstem increase sympathetic nerve activity (SNA). ASK1 plays a key role in the stress‐induced apoptosis. TLR4, known to regulate inflammatory reactions, activates ASK1. We hypothesized that apoptosis of astrocyte in the RVLM mediated by ASK1/TLR4 results in sympathoexcitation in hypertension. Methods and Results We used 16–18 weeks old stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) as a hypertensive model with increased SNA and Wister‐Kyoto rats (WKY) as control. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that the number of astrocyte in the RVLM was significantly lower in SHRSP than in WKY. The expression of TLR4 and ASK1 in the RVLM was significantly higher in SHRSP than in WKY (TLR4; 23±2%, ASK1; 44±5%, n=5 for each, p&lt;0.01). Infusions of TLR4 antagonist (intracerebroventricularly, for 14 weeks) significantly reduced SNA only in SHRSP (−38±2%, n=5, p&lt;0.01), not in WKY. The number of astrocyte and the expression of ASK1 in the RVLM were significantly higher in TLR4 antagonist‐treated SHRSP than in vehicle‐treated SHRSP. Conclusion Apoptosis of astrocyte in the RVLM mediated by TLR4/ASK1 plays a key role for sympathoexcitation in hypertensive rats.
Engineering functional bladder tissues (2012)

Tissue engineering of a construct that will support the contractile properties that allow physiologic voiding is a complex process. The combination of smart scaffolds with controlled topography, the ability to deliver multiple trophic factors and an optimal cell source will allow for the engineering of functional bladder tissues in the near future.
MXene//MnO2 Asymmetric Supercapacitors with High Voltages and High Energy Densities (2022)

Abstract Aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors (AASCs) can have high voltages and high energy densities. However, the rational design of AASCs with proper negative and positive electrodes remains a challenge. Herein, we report on an AASC using Mo 1.33 CT z MXene films as the negative electrode, and tetramethylammonium cation intercalated birnessite (TMA + ‐MnO 2 ) films as the positive electrode in a 21 mol kg −1 lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulphonyl)imide (LiTFSI) electrolyte. Benefiting from a high, stable voltage of 2.5 V, an energy density of 86.5 Wh L −1 at 2 mV s −1 and a power density of 10.3 kW L −1 at 1 V s −1 were achieved. The cells also exhibit excellent cycling stability (&gt;98 % after 1,0000 cycles at 100 mV s −1 ) and a 51.1 % voltage retention after 10 h. This good performance is attributed to the high stable potential window and high volumetric capacitances of both Mo 1.33 CT z and TMA + ‐MnO 2 electrodes in highly concentrated electrolytes. This work provides a roadmap for developing high performance AASCs with high voltages and high energy/power densities, with relatively slow self‐discharge rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiopure trans‐3,4‐Disubstituted Piperidines. An Enantiodivergent Synthesis of (+)‐ and (‐)‐Paroxetine. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deep learning assisted photonics (2020)

The recent development of fabrication techniques and material platforms allows addressing various multi-constrained problems in many areas including on-chip circuitry, imaging, sensing, energy, and quantum information technology. However, these require advanced design development methods, which can go beyond conventional optimization. We will discuss recent and promising advances in the development of photonic components based on topology optimization. One of the main aspects of current work is expanding and streamlining a conventional meta-device design methodology to a global optimization space. Specifically, we will cover our recent efforts on coupling topology optimization techniques with deep generative algorithms for dielectric/plasmonic metastructure design development.
An Integrated Laser Driver Array for Analogue Data Transmission in the LHC Experiments (1998)

An ASIC consisting of an array of four Linear LaserDrivers has been designed, fabricated and tested. The IC is dedicated to the transmission of analogue data from the CMS gas and silicon microstrip central tracker detectors to the front-end digitizer cards. The IC drives four laser-diodes converting the analogue data produced by the front-end ICs into amplitude modulated optical signals. Each driver in the IC contains a programmable current source allowing independent biasing of any of the four laser-diodes in its linear region of operation. The ASIC was designed in a 0.8μm BiCMOS process and it was successfully tested both electrically and in combination with a laser-diode. The measured integral nonlinearity of the transfer characteristic is better than 0.42% for input voltages less than ±400 mV – the specified operating range. Pulse response tests show that the crosstalk between two channels is less than 0.27% for input signals with transition times up to 5 ns. The measured equivalent input noise is 1.8 mV and 4.4 mV for minimum and maximum laser-diode bias current respectively.
A Human IgG Receptor of Group A Streptococci Is Associated with Tissue Site of Infection and Streptococcal Class (1990)

The distribution of receptors for immunoglobulins of several different isotypes was examined for group A streptococcal isolates derived from skin and nasopharyngeal sites. Although human IgG-Fc receptor activity was a variable property of group A streptococci, found among 61% of all isolates tested, it was largely restricted to well-defined subpopulations. Human IgG-binding activity was observed among nearly all impetigo isolates examined. In addition, the expression of the class II M protein molecule (one of two broad antigenic classes of the major virulence factor) and opacity factor (a lipoproteinase) was almost invariably accompanied by human IgG binding, regardless of tissue site of infection. In contrast to class I impetigo isolates, class I nasopharyngeal isolates were relatively devoid of human IgG-binding activity. The data suggest that the presence or absence of human IgG-binding activity correlates with certain diseases caused by group A streptococci.
User-Generated Content in Social Media (Dagstuhl Seminar 17301) (2018)

This report documents the program and the outcomes of Dagstuhl Seminar 17301 "User-Generated Content in Social Media". Social media have a profound impact on individuals, businesses, and society. As users post vast amounts of text and multimedia content every minute, the analysis of this user generated content (UGC) can offer insights to individual and societal concerns and could be beneficial to a wide range of applications. In this seminar, we brought together researchers from different subfields of computer science, such as information retrieval, multimedia, natural language processing, machine learning and social media analytics. We discussed the specific properties of UGC, the general research tasks currently operating on this type of content, identifying their limitations, and imagining new types of applications. We formed two working groups, WG1 "Fake News and Credibility", WG2 "Summarizing and Story Telling from UGC". WG1 invented an "Information Nutrition Label" that characterizes a document by different features such as e.g. emotion, opinion, controversy, and topicality; For computing these feature values, available methods and open research issues were identified. WG2 developed a framework for summarizing heterogeneous, multilingual and multimodal data, discussed key challenges and applications of this framework.
His···Asp Catalytic Dyad of Ribonuclease A:  Conformational Stability of the Wild-Type, D121N, D121A, and H119A Enzymes (1998)

Residue His119 acts as an acid/base during the cleavage/hydrolysis reactions catalyzed by bovine pancreatic ribonuclease A (RNase A). In the native enzyme, His119 forms a hydrogen bond with Asp121. This His...Asp dyad is conserved in all homologous pancreatic ribonucleases of known sequence. Yet, replacing Asp121 with an asparagine or alanine residue does not have a substantial effect on either structure or function [Schultz, L. W., Quirk, D. J., and Raines, R. T. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 8886-8898]. Here, the pH dependencies of the conformational stabilities of wild-type RNase A and the D121N, D121A, and H119A variants were determined by monitoring thermal stability over the pH range 1.2-6.0. Replacing Asp121 with an asparagine or alanine residue results in a loss of conformational stability at pH 6.0 of deltadeltaG(o) = 2.0 kcal/mol, from a total of 9.0 kcal/mol. The magnitude of this loss is similar to that to transition-state binding during catalysis. As the pH decreases, the aspartate residue becomes protonated and deltadeltaG(o) decreases. D121N RNase A and D121A RNase A are approximately equivalent in conformational stability. This equivalence arises from compensating changes to enthalpy and entropy. A general analytical method was developed to determine the value of the pKa of a residue in the native and denatured states of a protein by comparing the pH-stability profile of the wild-type protein with that of a variant in which the ionizable residue is replaced with a nonionizable one. Accordingly, Asp121 was found to have pKa values of approximately 2.4 and 3.4 in the native and denatured states, respectively, of wild-type RNase A. This change in pKa can account fully for the differential effects of pH on the conformational stabilities of the wild-type and variant proteins. We conclude that the His...Asp catalytic dyad in pancreatic ribonucleases has two significant roles: (1) to position the proper tautomer of His119 for catalysis and (2) to enhance the conformational stability of the native enzyme. Most enzymic residues contribute to catalysis or stability (or neither). Asp121 of RNase A is a rare example of a residue that contributes equally to both.
Impact of baroreflex on venous return surface (2011)

Baroreflex parallel shifts the VR surface, thereby stressed volume, without changing its slopes.