gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OS0117 In-situ ellipsometry of Cu surfaces immersed in BTA-H_2O_2 solutions (2016)

During Cu CMP, Cu surface is oxidized by an oxidizer or a complexiation reagent. To inhibit oxidation, a corrosion inhibitor is co-added in the slurry. Balancing oxidation and surface passivation is of importance in advanced Cu CMP. Layer formation onto clean Cu surfaces in BTA (C_6H_5N_3)-H_2O_2 aqueous solutions was studied by using in-situ spectroscopic ellipsometry. Time changes in an ellipsometric parameter, Δ, which corresponds to the layer thickening, were discussed with respect to BTA and H_2O_2 concentrations. BTA forms a passivation layer and the oxidation from H_2O_2 precedes that. Too high addition of BTA accelerates the layer formation. Competition between oxidation and passivation is discussed.
Role for VGLUT2 in selective vulnerability of midbrain dopamine neurons (2018)

Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area are more resistant to this degeneration than those in the SNc, though the mechanisms for selective resistance or vulnerability remain poorly understood. A key to elucidating these processes may lie within the subset of DA neurons that corelease glutamate and express the vesicular glutamate transporter VGLUT2. Here, we addressed the potential relationship between VGLUT expression and DA neuronal vulnerability by overexpressing VGLUT in DA neurons of flies and mice. In Drosophila, VGLUT overexpression led to loss of select DA neuron populations. Similarly, expression of VGLUT2 specifically in murine SNc DA neurons led to neuronal loss and Parkinsonian behaviors. Other neuronal cell types showed no such sensitivity, suggesting that DA neurons are distinctively vulnerable to VGLUT2 expression. Additionally, most DA neurons expressed VGLUT2 during development, and coexpression of VGLUT2 with DA markers increased following injury in the adult. Finally, conditional deletion of VGLUT2 made DA neurons more susceptible to Parkinsonian neurotoxins. These data suggest that the balance of VGLUT2 expression is a crucial determinant of DA neuron survival. Ultimately, manipulation of this VGLUT2-dependent process may represent an avenue for therapeutic development.
Chronic treatment with rabbit anti-mouse mu-chain antibody alters the characteristic immunoglobulin heavy-chain restriction of murine suppressor T-cell factors. (1984)

Prolonged treatment of mice, starting at birth, with rabbit anti-mouse mu-chain antibodies resulted in the elimination of immunoglobulin-bearing B cells in these animals. The ability of these animals to elicit antigen-specific delayed-type hypersensitivity or cytotoxic T-cell responses to azobenzenearsonate-coupled spleen cells was not impaired. The effect of anti-mu treatment on the restriction by immunoglobulin heavy-chain genes (Igh) of suppressor T cells was investigated. We found that first-order suppressor T-cell factor ( TsF1 ) obtained from anti-mu treated animals expresses an Igh restriction pattern distinct from that observed with TsF1 from normal untreated mice. Furthermore, TsF1 prepared from anti-mu treated animals did not express the major crossreactive idiotypic determinants normally present in TsF1 . The significance of these findings in relation to the role of immunoglobulin on the T-cell repertoire is discussed.
Interfacial Enzymology:  The Secreted Phospholipase A2-Paradigm (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInterfacial Enzymology: The Secreted Phospholipase A2-ParadigmOtto G. Berg, Michael H. Gelb, Ming-Daw Tsai, and Mahendra Kumar JainView Author Information Evolutionary Biology Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195 Department of Chemistry, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware 19716 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 9, 2613–2654Publication Date (Web):September 12, 2001Publication History Received12 March 2001Published online12 September 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr990139whttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr990139wresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2070Altmetric-Citations299LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Interfaces,Lipids,Molecules,Peptides and proteins,Vesicles Get e-Alerts
MEMS-Based Wavelength-Selective Bolometers (2019)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a compact design for membrane-supported wavelength-selective infrared (IR) bolometers. The proposed bolometer device is composed of wavelength-selective absorbers functioning as the efficient spectroscopic IR light-to-heat transducers that make the amorphous silicon (a-Si) bolometers respond at the desired resonance wavelengths. The proposed devices with specific resonances are first numerically simulated to obtain the optimal geometrical parameters and then experimentally realized. The fabricated devices exhibit a wide resonance tunability in the mid-wavelength IR atmospheric window by changing the size of the resonator of the devices. The measured spectral response of the fabricated device wholly follows the pre-designed resonance, which obviously evidences that the concept of the proposed wavelength-selective IR bolometers is realizable. The results obtained in this work provide a new solution for on-chip MEMS-based wavelength-selective a-Si bolometers for practical applications in IR spectroscopic devices.
Performance of swirl tube oil-water separator for downhole applications (2009)

An experimental comparison is made between a 2 inch (50.8 mm internal diameter) liquid-liquid cylindrical cyclone (LLCC©) and a 2 inch CSIRO-patented liquid-liquid separator (CS-T). Flow visualisation by long-time exposure photography of the LLCC revealed a steady vortex core with a fixed orientation that is independent of the inlet watercut percentage. Visualisation of the CS-T revealed an inverted cone that varied with length at decreasing watercut at the inlet stream. Volume fraction studies showed that the CS-T separation characteristic is similar to the LLCC at the 50% split ratio, but this characteristic departs markedly at higher split ratios. For a watercut of 94%, the optimum split ratio for the present LLCC and CS-T are 55% and 58% respectively.
Understanding Selectivity of Carbon Dioxide Reduction to Carbon Monoxide and Formic Acid on Sn Electrodes (2016)

Increases in energy demand and chemical production, together with the rise in CO 2 levels in the atmosphere require new, renewable energy sources to be developed. Electrochemical CO 2 reduction to fuels and chemicals is an appealing alternative to traditional methods of producing energy and chemicals due to its simplicity and ability to implement with solar and wind energy sources. Sn has been identified as a promising catalyst for the CO 2 reduction reaction (CO 2 RR) to formate (HCOO - ), a key chemical for many industries; however, there is a lack of experimental data to corroborate the prevailing theories of the mechanism and key intermediates for HCOO - production. This work reports a joint experimental and theoretical investigation of the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 on polycrystalline Sn surfaces. Our results show that Sn electrodes produce HCOO - , carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) across a range of potentials, and that HCOO - production becomes favored after -0.8V vs. RHE, reaching a maximum faradaic efficiency of 70%. Scaling relations for Sn and other transition metals are examined using experimental current densities and density functional theory (DFT) binding energies. While *COOH was determined to be the key intermediate for CO production on metal surfaces, we suggest that it is unlikely to be the primary intermediate for HCOO - production. Instead, a strong correlation between *OCHO and HCOO - production is observed, suggesting that the key intermediate for the CO 2 RR to HCOO - . Sn’s optimal *OCHO binding energy explains its high selectivity for HCOO - . These results suggest that oxygen bound intermediates are critical to understand the mechanism of CO 2 reduction to HCOO - on metal surfaces.
Microindentation – a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness? (2017)

Microindentation has been used in various studies to assess bone stiffness, but only two studies with conflicting results compared microindentation with traditional mechanical testing techniques. Further research, including more studies comparing microindentation with other mechanical testing methods, is needed before microindentation can be used reliably to calculate cortical bone stiffness.<b>Cite this article</b>: M. Arnold, S. Zhao, S. Ma, F. Giuliani, U. Hansen, J. P. Cobb, R. L. Abel, O. Boughton. Microindentation - a tool for measuring cortical bone stiffness? A systematic review. <i>Bone Joint Res</i> 2017;6:542-549. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.69.BJR-2016-0317.R2.
System and method for recovering waste heat (2023)

A power generation system having a combustion engine with a Rankine bottoming cycle, the system including a first flow path for a process fluid and a second flow path for a working fluid, and a heat exchanger arranged along both the first and the second flow paths to transfer waste heat from the process fluid to the working fluid. The heat exchanger includes a first flow conduit being bounded by a first wall section and configured to convey the process fluid, a second flow conduit to convey the working fluid, the second flow conduit being bounded by a second wall section spaced apart from the first wall section to define a gap therebetween, and a thermally conductive structure arranged within the gap and joined to the first and second wall sections to transfer heat therebetween, the gap being fluidly isolated from both the process fluid and the working fluid.
In vivo delivery and long-term tissue retention of nano-encapsulated sirolimus using a novel porous balloon angioplasty system (2016)

Local coronary delivery of sirolimus nanoparticles in the porcine model using a novel porous balloon delivery system achieved therapeutic long-term intra-arterial drug levels without significant systemic residual exposure.
Application of tartrate ester modified allylic boronates in organic synthesis: an efficient, highly stereoselective synthesis of the carbon(19)-carbon(29) segment of rifamycin S (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTApplication of tartrate ester modified allylic boronates in organic synthesis: an efficient, highly stereoselective synthesis of the carbon(19)-carbon(29) segment of rifamycin SWilliam R. Roush and Alan D. PalkowitzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3, 953–955Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00237a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00237a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Coordinating heterogeneous autonomous agents (1997)

We address the problem of constructing multiagent systems by coordinating heterogeneous, autonomous agents, whose internal designs may not be fully known. We develop a customizable coordination service that (a) takes declarative specifications of the desired interactions, and (b) automatically enacts them. Our approach is based on temporal logic, and has a rigorous semantics and a naturally distributed implementation. We show how this approach provides a general unifying framework in which to formalize the coordination components of some recent approaches to multiagent system construction. Munindar Singh is supported by the NCSU College of Engineering, the National Science Foundation under grants IRI-9529179 and IRI-9624425, and IBM corporation. 1 Introduction Modern applications of computing arise most frequently in environments that are open, heterogeneous, distributed, dynamic, large, and with autonomous components. For these reasons, they require solutions that marry artificia...
Modeling, Design, and Simulation (2017)

Infrared antennas and resonant structures take advantage of the successful designs in the radioelectric and microwave spectra. A quite simple and naïve approach would be to consider the geometry and shape of those designs and transfer them into the optical regime with simple wavelength structure size scaling. However, this translation misses the specific behavior of metals and dielectrics at optical frequencies, and how these characteristics can strongly change the geometries and arrangements of a working antenna in the infrared. Fabrication of optical antennas and resonant structures has been possible only since technology has provided tools and processes able to produce smooth metallic surfaces with sizes ranging in the subwavelength scale for the optical domain. This means that resonant elements are nanophotonic devices and systems. This tiny size also needs an appropriate approach for the design of working elements. The first constraint is related to the physical substrate that the antennas are placed on or embedded in. Most of the antenna-coupled detectors and resonant structures are written on a dielectric substrate or on a dielectric stand-off layer deposited on top of a metallic surface that typically has been evaporated on a dielectric substrate. The thicknesses of these layers are a fraction of a wavelength, and the substrates are dielectric wafers, or plastic flexible substrates. When the device is illuminated from the substrate side, the substrate has to be transparent enough for the given wavelength of operation. In any case, the optical properties of every material involved in the proposed design have to be properly included in the design and modeling of the device. But not only optical properties are important. When thermal effects are at play, thermal conductivity and electrothermal coefficients are also of interest and need to be considered.
Viewing optics for immersive near-eye displays: pupil swim/size and weight/stray light (2018)

Near-eye display performance is usually summarized with a few simple metrics such as field of view, resolution, brightness, size, and weight, which are derived from the display industry. In practice, near-eye displays often suffer from image artifacts not captured in traditional display metrics. This work defines several immersive near-eye display metrics such as gaze resolution, pupil swim, image contrast, and stray light. We will discuss these metrics and their trade-offs through review of a few families of viewing optics. Fresnel lenses are used in most commercial virtual reality near-eye displays in part due to their light weight, low volume and acceptable pupil swim performance. However, Fresnel lenses can suffer from significant stray light artifacts. We will share our measurements of several lenses and demonstrate ways to improve performance. Smooth refractive lens systems offer the option for lower stray-light viewing but usually at the cost of a much larger size and weight in order to get to the same pupil swim performance. This can be addressed by using a curved image plane but requires new display technology. Polarization-based pancake optics is promising and can provide excellent image resolution and pupil swim performance within an attractive form-factor. This approach, however, generally results in low light efficiency and poor image contrast due to severe ghosting. We will discuss some of the main limitations of that technology.
Variations in serum IL-7 and 90K/Mac-2 binding protein (Mac−2 BP) levels analysed in cohorts of HIV-1 patients and correlated with clinical changes following antiretroviral therapy (2001)

Serum levels of interleukin-7 (IL-7), a non-redundant cytokine that plays a crucial role in lymphopoiesis, are known to be elevated in HIV-1-infected subjects. To examine further the association between levels of IL-7, CD4+ cell counts and viraemia, we analysed these parameters in a large cohort of HIV-1 patients along with serum levels of 90K, a marker of disease severity but with no established involvement in lymphopoiesis. While IL-7 levels were only found to correlate with CD4+ cell counts, 90K levels presented strong correlations with both CD4+ cell numbers and with plasma viral loads (VLs). These correlations were maintained in patients naive to treatment with antiretrovirals (n = 38) but were abolished when the analysis was restricted to the group receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART, n = 82). Moreover, although 90K levels were significantly reduced in patients on HAART, IL-7 levels continued to be elevated despite successful treatment. The influence of HAART on the variations in these serum parameters was further assessed in a longitudinal study on 32 subjects. The HAART-induced decrease in VLs and increase in CD4+ counts were found to correlate with a reduced serum level of 90K and IL-7, respectively. Nevertheless, following a median period of 33 months of immunological and virological successful HAART, serum levels of IL-7 continued to be significantly elevated compared with those detected in healthy controls. These findings suggest that immunotherapy with IL-7, aimed to replenish T-cell stock in HAART-treated subjects, may have a limited impact on the process of immune reconstitution.
Reed vibration and sound generation in lingual organ pipes (1998)

The reed velocity and the sound pressure inside the shallot have been recorded in lingual organ pipes as the vibrating reed length is varied by means of the tuning wire (Stimmkrücke) (in an F3 trompette pipe, for example, the sounding frequency was varied from 157 to 325 Hz). Without the resonator, the frequency is a continuous function of the reed vibrating length, but when the conical resonator is added, the pipe frequency jumps abruptly from below to above each resonance frequency of the sonator. When the natural frequency of the reed (excited by plucking) was varied from 138 to 316 Hz by changing its vibrating length, the pipe frequency changed from 170 to 340 Hz. Reed closure may induce a strong acoustical oscillation in the shallot at a high frequency (approximately 1700 Hz in the F3 trompette pipe) which strengthens a certain range of harmonics and gives rise to a formant in the pipe sound. The oscillation frequency in the shallot rises rapidly as the reed closes it, and reaches a frequency near the resonance frequency of a tube of comparable length with one closed end. When the resonator is attached, the shallot oscillations are strongly damped. a)Permanent address: Physics Dept., Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL 60115.
Multiformat T‐Cell‐Engaging Bispecific Antibodies Targeting Human Breast Cancers (2015)

Abstract Four different formats of bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) were generated that consist of anti‐Her2 IgG or Fab site‐specifically conjugated to anti‐CD3 Fab using the genetically encoded noncanonical amino acid. These bsAbs varied in valency or in the presence or absence of an Fc domain. Different valencies did not significantly affect antitumor efficacy, whereas the presence of an Fc domain enhanced cytotoxic activity, but triggered antigen‐independent T‐cell activation. We show that the bsAbs can efficiently redirect T cells to kill all Her2 expressing cancer cells, including Her2 1+ cancers, both in vitro and in rodent xenograft models. This work increases our understanding of the structural features that affect bsAb activity, and underscores the potential of bsAbs as a promising therapeutic option for breast cancer patients with low or heterogeneous Her2 expression.
ARX788, a Site-specific Anti-HER2 Antibody–Drug Conjugate, Demonstrates Potent and Selective Activity in HER2-low and T-DM1–resistant Breast and Gastric Cancers (2020)

First-generation antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) are heterogeneous mixtures that have shown clinical benefit, but generally exhibited safety issues and a narrow therapeutic window due, in part, to off-target toxicity caused by ADC instability. ARX788 is a next-generation, site-specific anti-HER2 ADC that utilizes a unique nonnatural amino acid-enabled conjugation technology and a noncleavable Amberstatin (AS269) drug-linker to generate a homogeneous ADC with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 1.9. ARX788 exhibits high serum stability in mice and a relatively long ADC half-life of 12.5 days. When compared <i>in vitro</i> against T-DM1 across a panel of cancer cell lines, ARX788 showed superior activity in the lower HER2-expressing cell lines and no activity in normal cardiomyocyte cells. Similarly, ARX788 significantly inhibited tumor growth, and generally outperformed T-DM1 in HER2-high and HER2-low expression xenograft models. Breast and gastric cancer patient-derived xenograft studies confirmed strong antitumor activity of ARX788 in HER2-positive and HER2-low expression tumors, as well as in a T-DM1-resistant model. The encouraging preclinical data support the further development of ARX788 for treatment of patients with HER2-positive breast and gastric cancer, including those who have developed T-DM1 resistance, and patients with HER2-low expression tumors who are currently ineligible to receive HER2-targeted therapy.
A novel approach to providing on route power supplies to rural and urban communities in close proximity to the extra high voltage DC transmission line (2007)

Article on a novel approach to providing on route power supplies to rural and urban communities in close proximity to the extra high voltage DC transmission line; in addition to on route country bulk transfers and country point to point bulk transfers.
Laparoscopic closure of the pouch of Douglas by a peritoneal running suture. A minimally invasive and prosthetic-free technique to prevent excessive dose delivery to the small bowel during pelvic irradiation for prostate cancer (2020)

Laparoscopic closure of the Douglas' pouch by a peritoneal suture is an efficient technique to cordon off inconvenient ectopic small bowel loops. It prevents excessive bowel irradiation and hence facilitates curative prostate radiotherapy. The technique could be applied to other pelvic malignancies.