gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryptographic multilinear maps using pro-p groups (2021)

To any nilpotent group of class n, one can associate a non-interactive key exchange protocol between n+1 users. The multilinear commutator maps associated to nilpotent groups play a key role in this protocol. In the present paper, we discuss the security of this key exchange when applied to finite p-groups and explore some alternative platforms, such as pro-p groups.
Efficient Bound Tightening Techniques for Convex Relaxations of AC Optimal Power Flow (2019)

Convex relaxations of the ac optimal power flow problem in certain cases can recover a globally optimal point of the original problem. However, in general their solutions are not guaranteed to be physically meaningful. While the relaxation quality can be improved by enforcing tighter bounds on variables, existing bound tightening methods do not scale well with grid size. This paper presents three methods for tightening bounds on branch angle differences that complement each other and are highly parallelizable. The proposed methods are computationally efficient even for large-scale grids and thus can be used as a preprocessing step before solving the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow problem. Numerical experiments demonstrate that these methods can significantly tighten most of the bounds in a fraction of the time required to solve the convex relaxation. In addition, the experimental results show that tighter bounds improve the relaxation quality and reduce the optimality gap for large-scale instances.
Soybean Meal Carbohydrates Wasted and the Microbial Role for Improved Digestibility (2023)

This chapter discusses the role of nonstarch polysaccharide (NSP) and other indigestible carbohydrates on nutrient utilization, particularly those found in soybean meal. The NSPs are mainly concentrated in the cell walls of the endosperm, but are also found in the bran. They can be divided into two categories, the water-soluble beta-glucans and pectins and water-insoluble cellulose fractions. Indigestible components in poultry feeds include the fractions that are either totally undigested or incompletely digested. These include substrates for which poultry do not produce suitable enzymes, or that are inaccessible to enzymes because they are encapsulated or bound to other compounds. Increased levels of NSP in poultry diets, particularly the soluble fraction, lead to decreased nutrient digestion and absorption. Soybeans contain a number of ANFs that can result in a reduction in nutrient utilization, including oligosaccharides, NSPs, phytate, lectins, and trypsin inhibitors.
Optimizing computer imagery for more effective visual communication (2005)

Computers are becoming faster, smaller, and more interconnected, creating a shift in their primary function from computation to communication. This trend is exemplified by ubiquitous devices such as cellular phones with cameras, personal digital assistants with video, information displays in automobiles, and computer screens in elevators and refrigerators. At the same time, progress in networking and storage technologies allows large quantities of image and video data to be provided whenever desired. Rapid advances in technology allow computer screens to be filled with complex information at real-time rates. Simulations that once required supercomputers are commonly run on desktop applications. While the computer industry has produced faster processors, larger disk drives, and higher memory capacity, these advances do little to help people understand the meaning and representation of data. This lack of understanding stems from the fact machines process data in numerical form, while humans comprehend visual data more easily. As communication infrastructure and viewing situations become more plentiful, we need imagery that facilitates visual communication across a wide range of display devices. In addition, producing effective and expressive visual content currently requires considerable artistic skill and can consume days. The goal of my research is to develop new algorithms and user interfaces that enhance visual communication, while making it fast and easy to generate compelling content. My research combines concepts and methods from visual art, perceptual psychology, information processing and cognitive science to facilitate users in creating, understanding, and interpreting computer imagery. In conformance to these goals, my research includes retargeting large images for smaller displays by maximizing the recognizability of more important features in the retargeted images, and generating new file icons that better reveal the files' intent or purpose. 
This dissertation presents three techniques for automatically retargeting imagery to smaller displays and desktop interfaces: (1) An image retargeting method for adapting photographs to smaller display sizes. (2) A technique for generating more meaningful desktop file icons. (3) A vector graphics approach for retargeting animation and informational images to smaller display sizes.
Gas-Sensing Properties of Tin Oxide-Based Volatile Organic Compound Sensors for Total Volatile Organic Compound Gases (2009)

Key words: gas sensor, tin oxide, volatile organic compound (VOC), total volatile organic compound (T-VOC), T-VOC test gas
Recombinant outer membrane vesicles carrying Chlamydia muridarum HtrA induce antibodies that neutralize chlamydial infection in vitro (2013)

When expressed in OMVs HtrA appears to assume a conformation similar to the native one and this results in the elicitation of functional immune responses. These data further support the potentiality of OMVs as vaccine platform.
Peri-implant bone innervation: histological findings in humans. (2014)

This study shows the presence of nerve fibres in human peri-implant bone. Previous studies in animals showed that those fibres participate in the process of bone modelling and remodelling. Yet, the role of peri-implant bone innervation in the osseoperception phenomenon cannot be ruled out since the mechanism of mechanoreception in bone is not fully understood.
Patterning of porous SiOCH using an organic mask: Comparison with a metallic masking strategy (2010)

The etching of sub-100-nm porous dielectric trenches has been investigated using an organic mask. The etching process that is performed in an oxide etcher is composed of three steps: a thin dielectric antireflective coating (DARC) layer (silicon containing layer) is etched in the first step, the organic mask [carbon-based layer (CL)] is opened in the second step, and the dielectric layer is etched in the last step. The DARC layer is open in a fluorocarbon-based plasma (CF4∕Ar∕CH2F2) and the main critical dimension issue is the critical dimension control of the trench, which can be adjusted by controlling the amount of polymer generated by the etching chemistry (% of CH2F2). The CL is etched using NH3 based plasmas, leading to straight trench profiles. For dielectric patterning, the etch process results from a delicate trade-off between passivation layer thickness and mask faceting. This is driven by the polymerizing rate of the plasma (% of CH2F2) which controls the trench width. Using an optimized etching process (CF4∕Ar∕2%CH2F2), p-SiOCH trenches can be patterned with straight etch profiles down to 75nm trench width. In this article, the authors have also compared the organic mask and TiN metal hard mask strategies in terms of patterning performances (profile control, porous SiOCH modification, and reactor wall cleaning processes).
Nitridation Mechanisms of Silicon Powder Compacts (2008)

The nitridation of Si powder compacts was examined by measuring the flow rate dependence of nitrogen and N2/H2 gas mixtures during slow heating of the compacts while simultaneously monitoring the oxygen partial pressure of the exiting gas. The reaction was found to occur in two stages: an initial stage, the temperature (1215°C) of which was found to be independent of oxygen partial pressure and gas composition, and a second higher temperature stage. Small (4%) additions of hydrogen gas greatly enhanced the extent of reaction at lower temperature. It is believed that the first stage is initiated as a result of devitrification of the native SiO2 layer, catalyzed by Fe impurities, and the exposure of the underlying Si. The reaction sequence at that point has been unequivocally shown to be: [equations] as evidenced by a large increase in the oxygen partial pressure simultaneously with the onset of the initial stage. In the absence of hydrogen, both reactions are rapidly suppressed as the liberated oxygen competes with the nitrogen for the exposed Si surface and reoxidizes it. In the presence of hydrogen, however, this stage is quite pronounced and the role of hydrogen appears to be, in addition to aiding in the formation of SiO, to react with the oxygen and prevent reoxidation of the Si allowing for more extensive nitridation at lower temperatures. The main nitridation reaction at 1300°–1400°C appears to be a time dependent diffusion controlled process that depends on the nature of the passivating layer that forms during the initial stage, which in turn depends on gas composition, i.e., vol% H2.
A Modest Increase in 11C-PK11195-Positron Emission Tomography TSPO Binding in Depression Is Not Associated With Serum C-Reactive Protein or Body Mass Index (2021)

Consistent with previous findings, there is a modest increase in TSPO binding in depressed patients compared with healthy control subjects. The lack of a significant correlation between brain TSPO binding and blood CRP concentration or body mass index poses questions about the interactions between central and peripheral immune responses in the pathogenesis of depression.
Carbon‐Based Metal‐Free Catalysts for Energy Storage and Environmental Remediation (2019)

Owing to their high earth-abundance, eco-friendliness, high electrical conductivity, large surface area, structure tunability at the atomic/morphological levels, and excellent stability in harsh conditions, carbon-based metal-free materials have become promising advanced electrode materials for high-performance pseudocapacitors and metal-air batteries. Furthermore, carbon-based nanomaterials with well-defined structures can function as green catalysts because of their efficiency in advanced oxidation processes to remove organics in air or from water, which reduces the cost for air/water purification and avoids cross-contamination by eliminating the release of heavy metals/metal ions. Here, the research and development of carbon-based catalysts in supercapacitors and batteries for clean energy storage as well as in air/water treatments for environmental remediation are reviewed. The related mechanistic understanding and design principles of carbon-based metal-free catalysts are illustrated, along with the challenges and perspectives in this emerging field.
215 Study of Characteristics of Light-Weight Product Conveyor System by Using Linear Stepping Motor (2001)

Recently, manufacturing industry uses a vibrating feeder that applied resonance phenomenon. However, there is a possibility of shattering delicate objects since the vibrating feeder contains multidimensional vibration. In this study, a new conveying system using Linear Stepping(Pulse) Motor(LPM) is proposed. This new conveying apparatus system contains only horizontal vibration. Controllability for LPM is much better than conventional vibrating feeder, as we can easily order a new feeder to appointed feeder velocity directly. On the other hand, the conveying motion of specimen is calculated analytically. By linking the LPM drive simulation with conveying simulation, the coupled system simulation is constructed. When a command for velocity is given to LPM, the coupled simulation of this system is able to solve a conveying motion of specimen in the block. The usability of coupled conveying simulation in determining feeder velocity for desired conveying velocity was confirmed.
Endoscopic duodenal mucosal resurfacing for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus: one year results from the first international, open-label, prospective, multicentre study (2019)

NCT02413567.
Fatty acid conjugation enhances potency of antisense oligonucleotides in muscle (2019)

Enhancing the functional uptake of antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) in the muscle will be beneficial for developing ASO therapeutics targeting genes expressed in the muscle. We hypothesized that improving albumin binding will facilitate traversal of ASO from the blood compartment to the interstitium of the muscle tissues to enhance ASO functional uptake. We synthesized structurally diverse saturated and unsaturated fatty acid conjugated ASOs with a range of hydrophobicity. The binding affinity of ASO fatty acid conjugates to plasma proteins improved with fatty acid chain length and highest binding affinity was observed with ASO conjugates containing fatty acid chain length from 16 to 22 carbons. The degree of unsaturation or conformation of double bond appears to have no influence on protein binding or activity of ASO fatty acid conjugates. Activity of fatty acid ASO conjugates correlated with the affinity to albumin and the tightest albumin binder exhibited the highest activity improvement in muscle. Palmitic acid conjugation increases ASO plasma Cmax and improved delivery of ASO to interstitial space of mouse muscle. Conjugation of palmitic acid improved potency of DMPK, Cav3, CD36 and Malat-1 ASOs (3- to 7-fold) in mouse muscle. Our approach provides a foundation for developing more effective therapeutic ASOs for muscle disorders.
Age‐Dependent Changes in the Ultrastructure and in the Molecular Composition of Rat Brain Microtubules (1992)

An age-dependent increase of a cathepsin D-like protease activity that preferentially degrades high molecular weight microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) has been previously described. Microtubules (MT) purified from rat brain of different ages in the presence of several protease inhibitors retained undegraded MAPs through cycles of polymerization, and revealed several age-dependent changes in the relative amounts of MAPs and MT-associated kinases. MAP2 immunoreactivity was found significantly lower in MT preparations from aged animals in contrast with a relative increase of tau molecules. In addition, the phosphorylation of MAP2 by its associated cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase was also altered, consecutively to the partial loss of the enzyme during polymerization cycles and an age-dependent decrease in the ability of the cyclic nucleotide to stimulate MAP2-bound kinase activity. The evidence of an unusually high packing density of sedimented MT from old rat brains further suggested the modification with aging of the physical structure of the arm-like projections of MAPs, in addition to a lower amount in high molecular weight MAPs. These results support the hypothesis of a selective alteration with aging of the mechanical and regulatory properties of brain MT, consecutive to a change in the composition and/or the structure of MAPs.
89. Topical Mineralocorticoid Inhibition Improves Epithelization in Full-thickness Healing Wounds (2023)

BACKGROUND: There is a delicate balance between physiologic healing and formation of unfavorable scars. Homeostasis between extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and remodeling is maintained by an array of inter-connected signaling networks with situationally-dependent functions. We previously demonstrated that systemic mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) inhibition improves epithelialization and diminishes collagen deposition without eroding scar strength. MR-inhibition, however, has a range of off-target effects when applied systemically. Consequently, herein we evaluated the role of local MR-inhibition in wound healing and hypothesize that signaling through the MR on macrophages contributes to a pro-fibrotic phenotype in wound healing. METHODS: Female C57Bl/6 mice sustained bilateral 6 mm full-thickness biopsies with stenting and were stratified into either a) vehicle control, b) 5% topical spironolactone, or c) systemic spironolactone. Systemic spironolactone was delivered intraperitoneally every three days, and topical cream formulations of spironolactone and vehicle control were reapplied every three days. Tegaderm was placed over the mice to allow topical cream to remain over wound. Mice were followed photographically for 6 weeks for time to re-epithelialization and terminal scar area. Wound biopsies were collected for gross architectural analysis and assess collagen, fibrin, and elastic fibers with Movat’s pentachrome. RESULTS: By day 5, both spironolactone groups demonstrated epithelization with minimal contracture. Scar area was noted to be diminished in both the spironolactone groups versus the control group. In mice receiving systemic spironolactone, all wounds had epithelialized by day 14, while wounds with topical application continued to remain open. All wounds had epithelialized by day 17 in mice receiving topical spironolactone and by day 21 receiving the topical control agent. Skin elasticity was improved with topical spironolactone application as compared to topical control. As opposed to human wounds, murine injures begin to contract immediately post-epithelialization. This was not impaired by MR-inhibition and consequently we noted a significant reduction in scar area in both spironolactone treatment groups. Histologic evaluation demonstrated persistence of inflammation, wound edema, and immature ECM. CONCLUSION: These results corroborate our prior findings of the efficacy of MR-inhibition in improving scar resolution with a systemic delivery. Mice receiving systemic and topical spironolactone healed their wounds quicker than mice receiving a topical control agent. Topical application further highlighted the promising role of ECM-modifying mechanism involved with MR manipulation, with the benefit to minimize side effects and maximize the treatment efficacy. Given that wounds in the systemic spironolactone group healed the earliest, next steps would be to test different concentrations of topical Spironolactone to determine how this enhances wound healing.
Photorealistic rendering of rain streaks (2006)

Photorealistic rendering of rain streaks with lighting and viewpoint effects is a challenging problem. Raindrops undergo rapid shape distortions as they fall, a phenomenon referred to as oscillations. Due to these oscillations, the reflection of light by, and the refraction of light through, a falling raindrop produce complex brightness patterns within a single motion-blurred rain streak captured by a camera or observed by a human. The brightness pattern of a rain streak typically includes speckles, multiple smeared highlights and curved brightness contours. In this work, we propose a new model for rain streak appearance that captures the complex interactions between the lighting direction, the viewing direction and the oscillating shape of the drop. Our model builds upon a raindrop oscillation model that has been developed in atmospheric sciences. We have measured rain streak appearances under a wide range of lighting and viewing conditions and empirically determined the oscillation parameters that are dominant in raindrops. Using these parameters, we have rendered thousands of rain streaks to create a database that captures the variations in streak appearance with respect to lighting and viewing directions. We have developed an efficient image-based rendering algorithm that uses our streak database to add rain to a single image or a captured video with moving objects and sources. The rendering algorithm is very simple to use as it only requires a coarse depth map of the scene and the locations and properties of the light sources. We have rendered rain in a wide range of scenarios and the results show that our physically-based rain streak model greatly enhances the visual realism of rendered rain.
A Sustainable Graphene Aerogel Capable of the Adsorptive Elimination of Biogenic Amines and Bacteria from Soy Sauce and Highly Efficient Cell Proliferation (2019)

A graphene aerogel (GA) with a three-dimensional (3D) structure, ultra-lightweight nature, and high hydrophobicity was simply fabricated by the one-step pyrolysis of glucose and ammonium chloride. The as-synthesized GA exhibited a 3D interconnected microporous architecture with a high surface area of ∼2860 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> and pore volume of 2.24 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup>. The hydrophobic GA (10 mg 100 mL<sup>-1</sup>) demonstrated rapid and excellent adsorption performance for the removal of food toxins such as various biogenic amines (histamine, cadaverine, and spermine) and the hazardous bacterium <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (a food contaminant and a cause of poor wound healing) from a liquid matrix with a maximum simultaneous adsorption capacity for multiple biogenic amines of >85.19% (histamine), 74.1% (cadaverine), and 70.11% (spermidine) and a 100% reduction in the viable cell count of <i>S. aureus</i> within 80 min of interaction. The outstanding adsorption capacity can be attributed to a highly interconnected porous network in the 3D architecture and a high surface-to-volume ratio. A case study using soy sauce spiked with multiple biogenic amines showed successful removal of toxins with excellent recyclability without any loss in absorption performance. Biocompatibility of the GA in terms of cell viability was observed even at high concentrations (83.46% and 75.28% at 25 and 50 mg mL<sup>-1</sup>, respectively). Confirmatory biocompatibility testing was conducted via live/dead cell evaluation, and the morphology of normal lung epithelial cells was examined via scanning electron microscopy showed no cellular shrinkage. Moreover, GA showed excellent removal of live colonies of <i>S. aureus</i> from the food matrix and immunoblotting analysis showed elevated protein expression levels of β-catenin and α-SMA (α-smooth muscle actin). The biocompatible sugar-based GA could simultaneously adsorb multiple biogenic amines and live bacteria and was easy to regenerate via simple separation due to its high floatability, hydrophobicity, surface area, and porosity without any structural and functional loss, making it especially relevant for food safety and biomedical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Method for Cross‐Metathesis of Terminal Olefins. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Color of Shock Waves in Photonic Crystals (2003)

Unexpected and stunning new physical phenomena result when light interacts with a shock wave or shocklike dielectric modulation propagating through a photonic crystal. These new phenomena include the capture of light at the shock wave front and reemission at a tunable pulse rate and carrier frequency across the band gap, and bandwidth narrowing as opposed to the ubiquitous bandwidth broadening. To our knowledge, these effects do not occur in any other physical system and are all realizable under experimentally accessible conditions. Furthermore, their generality make them amenable to observation in a variety of time-dependent photonic crystal systems, which has significant technological implications.
Conjugated porous polymers as precursors for electrocatalysts and storage electrode materials (2015)

Conjugated porous polymers were used as precursors to prepare nitrogen and sulphur doped carbon atoms, which were then used for oxygen reduction and energy storage.