gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 3773: Tapping CD4 T cells for cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Abstract T-cell based immunotherapy represents an attractive strategy for the treatment of cancer. Whereas cellular anti-tumor immune responses have typically been attributed to CD8 T cells, CD4 T cells play a critical role in tumor elimination and the priming and maintenance of CD8 T-cell responses. Recent findings have highlighted new opportunities for CD4 T cells in cancer immunotherapy. We have isolated CD4+ T cells reactive against tumor antigens from patients who experienced clinical benefit from treatment with cancer vaccines targeting antigens such as hTERT, survivin and frequent neoantigens such as frameshift mutated TGFβRII. Strong T-cell responses against the vaccine or unrelated cancer antigens suggesting epitope spreading correlated with enhanced survival and tumor regression in late stage cancer patients. These HLA class II restricted T-cell clones recognised target cells loaded with long peptides or protein and for some CD4+ T cell clones we could also show direct tumor recognition. TCRs were expressed in expanded third-party T cells by mRNA electroporation or retroviral transduction and tested for functionality. Both CD8+ and CD4+ T cells expressing the TCRs produced TNF-α, IFN-γ and redirected T cells had the capacity to kill following co-incubation with their targets. Selecting highly functional CD4+ T-cell clones reactive against tumor-associated or -specific antigens from patients with clinical responses after treatment with immunotherapy is a successful method for identifying highly functional HLA class II restricted TCRs for adoptive immunotherapy. These HLA class II-restricted TCRs may be of therapeutic value both in haematopoietic malignancies and in melanoma where tumor cells frequently express HLA class II. Furthermore, combining HLA class I- and class II-restricted TCRs for T-cell redirection may provide a more potent therapeutic effect in adoptive T cell therapy. Citation Format: Sébastien Wälchli, Marit R. Myhre, Nadia Mensali, Anne Fåne, Kari Lislerud, Gunnar Kvalheim, Gustav Gaudernack, Else M. Inderberg. Tapping CD4 T cells for cancer immunotherapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3773. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3773
Dynamics of ballistically injected latex particles in living human endothelial cells (2009)

We studied the dynamics of ballistically injected latex particles (BIP) inside endothelial cells, using video particle tracking to measure the mean squared displacement (MSD) as a function of lag time. The MSD shows a plateau at short times and a linear behavior at longer times, indicating that the BIP are trapped into a viscoelastic network. To reveal more about the molecular constituents and the dynamics of this actin network, we added a variety of drugs. Latrunculin and Jasplakinolide aimed at intervening with the actin network caused a strong increase in MSD, whereas Taxol aimed at microtubules gave no measurable change in MSD. Additional corroborating information about these drug effects were obtained from MSD amplitude and exponent distributions and from fluorescent staining images of the actin and microtubule networks. Our evidence strongly suggests that BIP are primarily embedded in the actin network. Additional drug interventions aimed at disabling non-thermal forces could not conclusively resolve the nature of the forces driving BIP dynamics.
Psychophysical discrimination of structured light exhibiting spatially-dependent polarization (2020)

Haidinger’s brush is an entoptic image of a central oblong smudge elicited when the macular pigment preferentially absorbs specific direction of polarized light. Because Haidinger’s brush is dependent on macular pigment, it may have value as a screening tool for macular dysfunction. We examined whether healthy human observers could use Haidinger’s brush to psychophysically discriminate between two beams of structured light exhibiting different patterns of spatially-dependent polarization, called spin-coupled Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) states. Because the direction of polarization changes across the beam, OAM discrimination requires the perception of a spatially-dependent pattern of multiple Haidinger’s brush orientations. This richer stimulus may provide more precise information about macular function than a traditional linearly polarized stimulus. We examined the discriminability of OAM states by monocularly presenting OAM light to the eyes of 12 healthy participants. On each trial, one of two possible OAM states was presented. Participants made self-directed saccades to observe the Haidinger’s brush pattern and verbally indicated the perceived state. Overall, participants successfully performed the discrimination task (68% accuracy, SD = 22%, p = 0.013). This study provides foundational confirmation that humans can discriminate quantized modes of structured light with varying degrees of success. Structured light may therefore serve as a sensitive psychophysical probe of individual differences in macula structure and function in normal and clinical populations.
New Hartmann wavefront sensor for high power CO 2 lasers (2012)

This paper presents the two types of Hartmann wavefront sensors to measure the aberrations of CO<sub>2</sub> laser radiation. One sensor is baser on commercially available IR camera while the second one - on so-called thing film sensors. We discuss both positive and negative attributes of these sensors and the possibility to use them in the real laser systems.
First fully endoscopic metabolic procedure with NOTES gastrojejunostomy, controlled bypass length and duodenal exclusion: a 9-month porcine study (2022)

We conducted a pilot study of a potential endoscopic alternative to bariatric surgery. We developed a Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES) gastric bypass with controlled bypass limb length using four new devices including a dedicated lumen-apposing metal stent (GJ-LAMS) and pyloric duodenal exclusion device (DED). We evaluated procedural technical success, weight change from baseline, and adverse events in growing Landrace/Large-White pigs through 38 weeks after GJ-LAMS placement. Six pigs (age 2.5 months, mean baseline weight 26.1 ± 2.7 kg) had initial GJ-LAMS placement with controlled bypass limb length, followed by DED placement at 2 weeks. Technical success was 100%. GJ-LAMS migrated in 3 of 6, and DED migrated in 3 of 5 surviving pigs after mucosal abrasion. One pig died by Day 94. At 38 weeks, necropsy showed 100-240 cm limb length except for one at 760 cm. Weight gain was significantly lower in the pigs that underwent endoscopic bypass procedures compared to expected weight for age. This first survival study of a fully endoscopic controlled bypass length gastrojejunostomy with duodenal exclusion in a growing porcine model showed high technical success but significant adverse events. Future studies will include procedural and device optimizations and comparison to a control group.
Pattern of monosynaptic Ia connections in the cat forelimb. (1989)

1. In anaesthetized cats intracellular records were obtained from antidromically identified motoneurones. The motor nuclei to the elbow extensor and flexor muscles and to the muscles innervated by the deep radial, ulnar and median nerves were investigated. The maximum Ia EPSPs from electrical stimulation of various peripheral nerves were measured. The characteristic convergence and projection patterns to each motor nucleus were established from pooled data. 2. The total aggregates of the Ia EPSPs between the different motor nuclei ranged from 3.5 to 11.7 mV. The smallest aggregates were found in the nuclei to the digit muscles. The ratio of the heteronymous versus homonymous EPSP amplitudes varied between 3.9 and 0.5. A general rule which would govern the distribution of the EPSP aggregates, such as a proximo-distal gradient, was not observed. 3. The Ia connections followed a complex but highly organized pattern. Bidirectional and unidirectional pathways were present. In many cases the convergence pattern of a motor nucleus included muscles acting at different joints. The connections of one nucleus were not necessarily restricted to one side of the limb, but could cross the radio-ulnar plane. 4. Muscles with similar actions onto the same joint were interconnected with bidirectional, rather balanced Ia pathways. Such relations were also present between close functional synergists and then often extended across several joints. The relations between the anatomical extensors of wrist and digits were graded according to the neighbourhood of these muscles. It is suggested that this reflects the graded mechanical synergism in the wrist action of these muscles. 5. A large number of unidirectional or strongly skewed bidirectional Ia pathways project from proximal to distal muscles. It is suggested that they may serve a readjustment of distal joints during changes in the position of proximal ones (e.g. stabilization of the position of the radio-ulnar plane during elbow extension in case of the undirectional projections onto supinator and abductor pollicis longus motoneurones). 6. The motor nuclei to some multifunctional muscles display a negative correlation between different heteronymous Ia inputs: motoneurones with a large input from one muscle show a significant tendency to receive a smaller input from another muscle and vice versa. This organization leads to subpopulations of neurones with different convergence patterns within the same motor nucleus. 7. Motor nuclei with bidirectional Ia relations between each other displayed similar convergence and projection patterns. They were combined into 'Ia synergistic groups.' One motor nucleus may belong to several groups.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Unsupervised Doodling and Painting with Improved SPIRAL (2019)

We investigate using reinforcement learning agents as generative models of images (extending arXiv:1804.01118). A generative agent controls a simulated painting environment, and is trained with rewards provided by a discriminator network simultaneously trained to assess the realism of the agent's samples, either unconditional or reconstructions. Compared to prior work, we make a number of improvements to the architectures of the agents and discriminators that lead to intriguing and at times surprising results. We find that when sufficiently constrained, generative agents can learn to produce images with a degree of visual abstraction, despite having only ever seen real photographs (no human brush strokes). And given enough time with the painting environment, they can produce images with considerable realism. These results show that, under the right circumstances, some aspects of human drawing can emerge from simulated embodiment, without the need for external supervision, imitation or social cues. Finally, we note the framework's potential for use in creative applications.
A 2.125-Gb/s BiCMOS fiber channel transmitter for serial data communications (1999)

A 2.125-Gb/s transmitter meeting the specifications of the emerging ANSI Fiber Channel standard has been developed using BiCMOS technology. This transmitter features (1) a fully bipolar 10:1 multiplexer (MUX) and a 2.125-GHz retimer for high-accuracy transmission of data, (2) an emitter-coupled logic (ECL) CMOS analog phase-locked loop, (3) pure ECL-level output for direct connection to the currently available optical modules, and (4) BiCMOS process technology that includes 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS devices and 20-GHz bipolar devices. The LSI serializes 32-bit-wide, 53.125-Mb/s data into 2.125-Gb/s data through a CMOS 8B10B encoder. The chip area is 3/spl times/2 mm/sup 2/, and the power dissipation is 860 mW.
Cyclic Sulfamidates as Vehicles for the Synthesis of Substituted Lactams. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Comparison of Energy Conversion Systems for Meeting the Power Requirements of Manned Rover for Mars Missions (2005)

Minimizing system mass for interplanetary missions is of utmost importance in order to keep launch cost within reasonable bounds. For a manned Mars rover, powered by a nuclear reactor power system, the choice of the energy conversion system can play a significant role in lowering the overall system mass. Not only is the mass of the conversion unit affected by the choice, but also the masses of the reactor core, waste heat rejection system, and the radiation shield which are strongly influenced by the system conversion efficiency and operating condition. Several types of conversion systems are of interest for a nuclear reactor Mars Manned application. These conversion systems include: Free Piston Stirling Engines, He/Xe Closed Brayton Cycle (CBC), CO/sub 2/ Open Brayton, and SiGe/GaP Thermoelectric. Optimization studies are conducted to determine the impact of the conversion system on the overall mass of the Nuclear Power system as well as the mobility power requirement of the Rover vehicle.
Measurements and Analysis of Propagation Channels in High-Speed Railway Viaducts (2012)

This paper reports (i) a set of measurements of the wireless propagation channel at 930 MHz, conducted along the "Zhengzhou-Xian" high-speed railway of China in various railway viaduct scenarios, and (ii) an analysis and modeling of the small-scale and large-scale channel parameters based on those measurements. The environment can be categorized into four cases, covering viaducts with different heights and in different suburban environments. Small values of fade depth, level crossing rates, and average fade duration are observed. Akaike's Information Criterion (AIC)-based evaluation indicates that the Ricean distribution is the best to describe small-scale amplitude fading. An analysis of the envelope autocovariance function shows that the coherence distance is less than 10 cm. The Ricean K-factor is modeled as a piecewise-linear function of distance. Moreover, a breakpoint path loss model is developed and shadow fading is investigated using the same break point as for the distance-dependent K-factor model. The Suzuki distribution is found to offer a good fit for the composite multipath/shadowing channels. We find that the viaduct height H, together with the number of surrounding scatterers, significantly affects the small- and large-scale channel parameters. These results are applicable to both normal-speed and high-speed railways, and will be useful in the modeling of railway viaduct channels and the design of railway wireless communication systems.
ChemInform Abstract: BILE PIGMENT STUDIES ‐ VII. NEW SYNTHESES OF BILIVERDIN‐IXα DIMETHYL ESTER AND TWO RELATED MONOVINYL‐MONOETHYL ISOMERS (1984)

Abstract Aus den Pyrrol‐Komponenten (I), (II), (IV), (V) bzw. (VII) (Darstellung beschrieben) werden die Pyrromethane (III) und (VI) dargestellt; Kondensation von (IIIa)+(VIa), (IIIb)+(VIa) bzw. (IIIa)+(VIb) liefert die b‐Bilene (VIII), die in die Biliverdin‐Derivate (IXa)‐(IXc) übergeführt werden.
CATT AS A SUSTAINABLE METHOD FOR DISINFESTATION OF STRAWBERRY MOTHER PLANTING STOCK (2014)

From 2009 Controlled Atmosphere Temperature Treatment (CATT) is scaled up to a commercial level and widely applied by Dutch producers of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) mother planting stock. CATT is a non-chemical and sustainable method to disinfest plant material from insect pests. Frigo plants are treated after storage and before planting during 48 h at a temperature of 35°C and 50% CO2. This results in an excellent disinfestation and a mortality of 99.8% of the strawberry tarsonemid mite (Phytonemus pallidus). As a side effect, the two spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) was killed as well. This method provides a healthy production of highly qualified strawberry runners in the field. Recently it was found that also the plant parasitic nematodes Meloidogyne hapla and Pratylenchus penetrans can be considerably reduced by application of CATT. For an effective killing of these nematodes however, temperature must be raised to at least 40°C. In several experiments the optimum for a high mortality of both tarsonemids and nematodes has been studied. This leads to an adapted CATT of 20 h at a temperature of 35°C and 50% CO2 followed by 20 h at a temperature of 40°C. Application of these optimized CATT can prevent further dispersion of Meloidogyne hapla nematodes in the strawberry chain. Until now no harmful irreversible results of this adapted CATT on vitality of mother plants are found but will be checked thoroughly in the field on runner production in further experiments.
Gemcitabine and doxorubicin in immunostimulatory monophosphoryl lipid A liposomes for treating breast cancer (2020)

Cancer therapy is increasingly shifting toward targeting the tumor immune microenvironment and influencing populations of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Breast cancer presents a unique challenge as tumors of the triple-negative breast cancer subtype employ a multitude of immunosilencing mechanisms that promote immune evasion and rapid growth. Treatment of breast cancer with chemotherapeutics has been shown to induce underlying immunostimulatory responses that can be further amplified with the addition of immune-modulating agents. Here, we investigate the effects of combining doxorubicin (DOX) and gemcitabine (GEM), two commonly used chemotherapeutics, with monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA), a clinically used TLR4 adjuvant derived from liposaccharides. MPLA was incorporated into the lipid bilayer of liposomes loaded with a 1:1 molar ratio of DOX and GEM to create an intravenously administered treatment. In vivo studies indicated excellent efficacy of both GEM-DOX liposomes and GEM-DOX-MPLA liposomes against 4T1 tumors. In vitro and in vivo results showed increased dendritic cell expression of CD86 in the presence of liposomes containing chemotherapeutics and MPLA. Despite this, a tumor rechallenge study indicated little effect on tumor growth upon rechallenge, indicating the lack of a long-term immune response. GEM/DOX/MPLA-L displayed remarkable control of the primary tumor growth and can be further explored for the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer with other forms of immunotherapy.
Making Materials That Hate Water to Love Water: The Transformative Power of Chemistry (2017)

A simple nonaqueous reaction scheme for transforming the surface of plastics from hydrophobic to hydrophilic is presented. The chemical modification is achieved by the base-catalyzed trans-esterification of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is a commonly used plastic. Its use in blood collection tubes is discussed. The surface modification is permanent, inexpensive, rapid, and does not release contaminants. It also causes no optical or mechanical distortion of the plastic. This work demonstrates the power of chemistry to transform common materials.
Identifying Subphthalocyanine Molecule Isomers by Using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (2003)

Structural isomers of chloro[tri-tert-butyl-subphthalocyaninato]boron(III) (TBSubPc) molecules on the Au(111) surface were identified by using the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). A TBSubPc is a corn-shaped and triangular molecule with a chloride atom at the top and three tert-butyl groups on its periphery. The molecule has four kinds of structural isomers depending on the binding sites of the tert-butyl groups. It can have two different adsorbed configurations on the surface, Cl-up and Cl-down. The STM image shows three spots that correspond to the three tert-butyl groups and one central spot that reflects the Cl atom. Analyzing the relative distances between the spots enables us to identify the isomers and the adsorbed configurations.
Stereoselective Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Methyl-SubstitutedcycloSal-Pronucleotides (2012)

Methyl-substituted cycloSal-pronucleotides of d4TMP were synthesized with high diastereoselectivities in satisfying chemical yields. The individual diastereomers were tested against HIV-1 and HIV-2 infected wild-type CEM/0 and HIV-2 infected thymidine kinase deficient CEM cells. All diastereomers tested showed significant antiviral activity in CEM/0 and strong activity in CEM/TK(-) cell cultures. The antiviral activities were strongly dependent on the chirality at the phosphate group and the position of the methyl-group(s) in the cycloSal moiety. In CEM/TK(-) cell cultures the difference in antiviral potency was found to be 7- to 20-fold. The stability of each diastereomer was studied in aqueous phosphate buffer and in CEM/0 cell extracts. Large differences in the half-lives were found. A comparison of the relative lipophilicity of the methyl-substituted cycloSal triesters was performed based on the retention times obtained by reversed phase HPLC. The results obtained clearly confirm the importance of a diastereoselective synthesis of cycloSal-pronucleotides.
Novel analogs of enkephalin: identification of functional groups required for biological activity (1980)

Novel tri- and tetrapeptide analogues of enkephalin, in conjunction with earlier structure-activity data, confirm that chemical substitutents present in the first and fourth residues of enkephalin are required for in vitro biological activity. A class of arylamino and alkylamino derivatized tripeptides also were found to have significant in vitro opioid-like activity indistinguishable from [D-Ala2,D-Leu5]enkephalin and morphine.
Beam-energy and system-size dependence of dynamical net charge fluctuations (2009)

We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, Cu + Cu collisions at s NN = 62.4 and 200 GeV, and p + p collisions at s = 200 GeV using the dynamical net charge fluctuations measure +-,dyn . We observe that the dynamical fluctuations are nonzero at all energies and exhibit a modest dependence on beam energy. A weak system size dependence is also observed. We examine the collision centrality dependence of the net charge fluctuations and find that dynamical net charge fluctuations violate 1/N ch scaling but display approximate 1/N part scaling. We also study the azimuthal and rapidity dependence of the net charge correlation strength and observe strong dependence on the azimuthal angular range and pseudorapidity