gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparative magnitude and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination responses on a population level in Germany (2021)

Abstract Background While SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations were successful in decreasing COVID-19 caseloads, recent increases in SARS-CoV-2 infections have led to questions about duration and quality of the subsequent immune response. While numerous studies have been published on immune responses triggered by vaccination, these often focused on the initial peak response generated in specific population subgroups (e.g. healthcare workers or immunocompromised individuals) and have often only examined the effects of one or two different immunisation schemes. Methods and Findings We analysed serum samples from participants of a large German seroprevalence study (MuSPAD) who had received all available vaccines and dose schedules (mRNA-1273, BNT162b2, AZD1222, Ad26.CoV2S.2 or a combination of AZD1222 plus either mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2). Antibody titers against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens and ACE2 binding inhibition against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type and the Alpha, Beta, Gamma and Delta variants of concern were analysed using a previously published multiplex immunoassay MULTICOV-AB and an ACE2-RBD competition assay. Among the different vaccines and their dosing regimens, homologous mRNA-based or heterologous prime-boost vaccination produced significantly higher antibody responses than vector-based homologous vaccination. Ad26.CoV2S.2 performance was significantly reduced, even compared to AZD1222, with 91.67% of samples being considered non-responsive forACE2 binding inhibition. mRNA-based vaccination induced a higher ratio of RBD- and S1-targeting antibodies than vector-based vaccination, which resulted in an increased proportion of S2-targeting antibodies. Previously infected individuals had a robust immune response once vaccinated, regardless of which vaccine they received. When examining antibody kinetics post-vaccination after homologous immunisation regimens, both titers and ACE2 binding inhibition peaked approximately 28 days post-vaccination and then decreased as time increased. Conclusions As one of the first and largest population-based studies to examine vaccine responses for all currently available immunisation schemes in Germany, we found that homologous mRNA or heterologous vaccination elicited the highest immune responses. The high percentage of non-responders for Ad26.CoV2.S requires further investigation and suggests that a booster dose with an mRNA-based vaccine may be necessary. The high responses seen in recovered and vaccinated individuals could aid future dose allocation, should shortages arise for certain manufacturers. Given the role of RBD- and S1-specific antibodies in neutralising SARS-CoV-2, their relative over-representation after mRNA vaccination may explain why mRNA vaccines have an increased efficacy compared to vector-based formulations. Further investigation on these differences will be of particular interest for vaccine development and efficacy, especially for the next-generation of vector-based vaccines.
Single-mode waveguide microcavity for fast optical switching (1996)

We investigate the properties of a tunable single-mode waveguide microcavity that is well suited for frequency modulation and switching. The cavity mode has a volume of less than one cubic half-wavelength, and the resonant frequency is tuned by refractive-index modulation. We suggest using a photorefractive effect to drive the device, based on the photoionization of deep donor levels known as DX centers in compound semiconductors. Picosecond on-off switching times are achievable when two of these cavities are placed in series. The resulting switch has the advantages of being compact and requiring as little as 10 pJ of energy of operate.
In situ formation of magnesium chloride support and internal donor during preparation of propylene polymerization catalysts (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn situ formation of magnesium chloride support and internal donor during preparation of propylene polymerization catalystsDong Ho Lee, Young Tae Jeong, and Kazuo SogaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 12, 2642–2647Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00012a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00012a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views174Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Large-Scale Uniform Optical Focus Array Generation with a Phase Spatial Light Modulator (2019)

We report a new method to generate uniform large-scale optical focus arrays (LOFAs). By identifying and removing undesired phase rotation in the iterative Fourier-transform algorithm (IFTA), our approach rapidly produces computer-generated holograms of highly uniform LOFAs. The new algorithm also shows faster compensation of system-induced LOFA intensity inhomogeneity than the conventional IFTA. After just three adaptive correction steps, we demonstrate LOFAs consisting of $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ optical foci with $&gt; 98\ \%$ intensity uniformity.
On the use of directional antennas for sensor networks (2004)

Directional antennas have been shown to have the potential to provide dramatic increases in throughput and reduction in delay, while simultaneously requiring lower transmit power and increasing LPI/LPD and A/J qualities. Among military systems, sensor systems have a strong need for such characteristics due to their inability to move, length of deployment time, as well as a need for stealth operation. In this paper we describe and analyze significant issues for contention-based MACs for directional antennas which are of particular interest to sensor systems. We also provide a MAC design that overcomes these difficulties.
Auxiliary Inverter Charger (AIC) &#x2014; Concept &amp; Experimental results (2013)

Electric Vehicle (EV) and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) have been globally developed to realize sustainable world. An on board charger is required for charging at home, but it is not necessary to bring the charger while driving. The on-board-charger becomes only `weight' while driving vehicles. A newly developed Auxiliary Inverter Charger (AIC) eliminates a stand-alone on-board charger. AIC integrates an on board charger with an existing on board auxiliary inverter. AIC works as a charger while parking and exclusively AIC works as an inverter while driving the vehicles. This means that AIC offers time-sharing function of charger and auxiliary inverter. AIC offers three benefits. 1) 30% smaller in volume and 35% lighter in weight compared with a stand alone conventional charger and an auxiliary inverter. 2) No additional cooling parts in vehicle is required for charger function, with more than 96% efficiency of power conversion from commercial AC line to battery DC line. 3) Bidirectional 3.3kW charging for smart grid, home energy management system (HEMS) and building energy management (BEMS) is easily realized. Concept, Design and Experimental results of AIC are shown in this paper.
Inhomogeneous magnon scattering during ultrafast demagnetization (2018)

Ni$_{0.8}$Fe$_{0.2}$ (Py) and Py alloyed with Cu exhibit intriguing ultrafast demagnetization behavior, where the Ni magnetic moment shows a delayed response relative to the Fe, an effect which is strongly enhanced by Cu alloying. We have studied a broad range of Cu concentrations to elucidate the effects of Cu alloying in Py. The orbital/spin magnetic moment ratios are largely unaffected by Cu alloying, signifying that Cu-induced changes in the ultrafast demagnetization are not related to spin-orbit interactions. We show that magnon diffusion can explain the delayed Ni response, which we attribute to an enhanced magnon generation rate in the Fe sublattice relative to the Ni sublattice. Furthermore, Py exhibits prominent RKKY-like exchange interactions, which are strongly enhanced between Fe atoms and diminished between Ni atoms by Cu alloying. An increased Fe magnon scattering rate is expected to occur concurrently with this increased Fe-Fe exchange interaction, supporting the results obtained from the magnon diffusion model.
AMPK activation by a novel small molecule of mitochondrial regulation enhances fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis and branched chain amino acid catabolism in vivo (2013)

The 5′‐AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a key regulator of energy homeostasis. Pharmacologic activation of AMPK is beneficial in treating metabolic disorders and improving exercise endurance. We previously identified small molecule AMPK activators that improved glucose tolerance and running endurance. These compounds reduced cellular oxygen consumption and increased AMP/ATP and ADP/ATP ratios, demonstrating that AMPK activation is due to a change in energy status which results from altered mitochondrial respiration. Further biochemical studies showed that the target appeared to be mitochondrial complex I. In vivo metabolite profiling indicated that there was an up‐regulation of fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis and catabolism of branched chain amino acids in the compound‐treated mice. The up‐regulation in fatty acid catabolism was supported by a clear reduction of fat pads in treated mice. Furthermore, UCP1 protein expression was increased in the white adipose tissues. Taken together, our results demonstrate beneficial outcomes by AMPK activation through mitochondrial regulation. These studies should help to provide a molecular understanding for the physiological effects of AMPK activation and for the therapeutic applications of AMPK activators.
MOLECULAR MODELING OF THE COMPLEX OF 1-PHENOXY-2-BUTANOL WITH ACETYL -PSEUDOMONAS CEPACIA LIPASE (PCL), AND ITS P-TRANSITION STATE ANALOG IN COMPARISON WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS (2001)

MOLECULAR MODELING OF THE COMPLEX OF 1-PHENOXY-2-BUTANOL WITH ACETYL -PSEUDOMONAS CEPACIA LIPASE (PCL), AND ITS P-TRANSITION STATE ANALOG IN COMPARISON WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Differential Level in Co‐Down‐Modulation of CD4 and CXCR4 Primed by HIV‐1 gp120 in Response to Phorbol Ester, PMA, among HIV‐1 Isolates (2000)

HIV-1 enters cells through interacting with cell surface molecules such as CD4 and chemokine receptors. We generated recombinant soluble gp120s derived from T-cell line-tropic (T-tropic) and macrophage-tropic (M-tropic) HIV-1 strains using a baculovirus expression system and investigated the association of CD4-gp120 complex with the chemokine receptor and/or other surface molecule(s). For monitoring the co-down-modulations of the CD4-gp120 complex, a cytoplasmic domain deletion mutant (tailless CD4), which is not capable of undergoing down-modulation by itself in response to phorbol ester PMA, was used. Our studies revealed both cell-type and HIV-1 strain-specific differences. We found that T-tropic gp120s were capable of priming co-down-modulation with tailless CD4 by interacting with CXCR4, whereas M-tropic SF162 gp120 could not after PMA treatment even in the presence of CCR5. Among the T-tropic HIV-1 envelopes, IIIB gp120 was the most potent. Furthermore, the ability of gp120 to prime the PMA induced co-down-modulation of tailless CD4 appeared to be dependent on the concentration of the principal coreceptor CXCR4. Nevertheless, the observation that IIIB gp120 strongly primed tailless CD4 co-down-modulation on human osteosarcoma HOS cells that express undetectable levels of surface CXCR4 raised the possibility that membrane component(s) other than those recently identified can be involved in down-modulation of the CD4/gp120 complexes.
Reduced-complexity serial min-sum decoding (2008)

We propose a complexity-reducing method for serial min-sum decoding that reduces the number of check nodes to process during an iteration. The check nodes to skip are chosen based on the reliability, a syndrome and a log-likelihood-ratio (LLR) value, of the incoming messages. The proposed method is evaluated by computer simulations and shown to reduce the decoding complexity up to 70 % compared with conventional serial min-sum decoding with small fractional decibel degradation in error correction performance.
Effects of the partial agonist antipsychotic drug aripiprazole on dopamine synthesis in humans measured by PET with [C-11]DOPA (2012)

2024 Objectives The partial agonist antipsychotic drugs of dopamine D2 receptors can modulate the dopaminergic neurotransmission as functional agonists or functional antagonists. Effects of antipsychotics on the presynaptic functions of dopaminergic neurotransmission might also be related to therapeutic effects of them. In the present study, changes in dopamine synthesis capacity by partial agonist antipsychotic drug aripiprazole were measured by PET. Methods PET studies were performed on 12 healthy men under resting condition (baseline study) and oral administration of single dose of aripiprazole of 3-9 mg, (drug challenge study) on separate days. In each study, both PET scans with [C-11]raclopride and [C-11]DOPA were performed sequentially. The occupancy of dopamine D2 receptors by aripiprazole was calculated from binding potential values in the striatum for baseline and drug challenge studies with [C-11]raclopride determined by the SRTM method. The uptake rate constant, Ki, for [C-11]DOPA in the striatum indicating the dopamine synthesis capacity was estimated by the graphical analysis. Results The occupancies of dopamine D2 receptors were 53%-77%. The dopamine synthesis capacity Ki were 0.0128±0.0016 and 0.0128±0.0014 (1/min) for the baseline and drug challenge studies, respectively, and no significant change in Ki by aripiprazole was observed. A significant negative correlation was observed between the baseline Ki and the change in Ki by aripiprazole (r=-0.65). Conclusions The negative correlation between the baseline Ki and the change in Ki by aripiprazole, and smaller coefficient of variation of Ki in drug challenge studies than in baseline studies indicate that aripiprazole can be assumed to stabilize the level of dopamine synthesis capacity. Therapeutic effects of aripiprazole on schizophrenia might be related to stabilizing effects on dopaminergic neurotransmission responsivity in dopamine release
Comparison of impedance measurements near the skin of newborns and adults (2016)

Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) is a non-invasive imaging technology that has been extensively studied for monitoring lung function of neonatal and adult subjects, especially in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and intensive care unit (ICU) environments. The sources of the total impedance in these applications include internal organs, near-boundary tissues, electrode-skin impedance, electrodes and conducting wires. This total impedance must be considered for system design and setting voltage gain since it will contribute to the measured voltage. To adapt a single instrument for use on infants and adults, we studied the difference between the impedance near the skin in both classes of patients. We used a simultaneous multi-source EIT (SMS-EIT) system to make impedance measurements. Characteristic resistance was calculated for two different current patterns: one that is more sensitive to boundary region impedance and another that is more sensitive to interior changes. We present ratios of these resistances to assess the relative contribution of near-skin effects to the overall impedance. Twenty adult ICU subjects (10 male, 10 female, age: 49.05 ± 16.32 years (mean ± standard deviation)) and 45 neonates (23 male, 22 female, gestational age: 37.67 ± 2.11 weeks, postnatal age, 2.56 ± 2.67 d) were studied at Columbia University Medical Center. Impedance measurements at 10 kHz were collected for approximately one hour from each subject. The characteristic resistance ratio for each subject was computed and analyzed. The result shows the impedance at or near the skin of newborns is significantly higher than in adult subjects.
The NANCI–Nkx2.1 gene duplex buffers Nkx2.1 expression to maintain lung development and homeostasis (2017)

A subset of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) is spatially correlated with transcription factors (TFs) across the genome, but how these lncRNA-TF gene duplexes regulate tissue development and homeostasis is unclear. We identified a feedback loop within the NANCI (Nkx2.1-associated noncoding intergenic RNA)-Nkx2.1 gene duplex that is essential for buffering Nkx2.1 expression, lung epithelial cell identity, and tissue homeostasis. Within this locus, Nkx2.1 directly inhibits NANCI, while NANCI acts in <i>cis</i> to promote Nkx2.1 transcription. Although loss of NANCI alone does not adversely affect lung development, concurrent heterozygous mutations in both NANCI and Nkx2.1 leads to persistent Nkx2.1 deficiency and reprogramming of lung epithelial cells to a posterior endoderm fate. This disruption in the NANCI-Nkx2.1 gene duplex results in a defective perinatal innate immune response, tissue damage, and progressive degeneration of the adult lung. These data point to a mechanism in which lncRNAs act as rheostats within lncRNA-TF gene duplex loci that buffer TF expression, thereby maintaining tissue-specific cellular identity during development and postnatal homeostasis.
Notice of two directories of philosophy (1971)

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Disentangled Latent Speech Representation for Automatic Pathological Intelligibility Assessment (2022)

Speech intelligibility assessment plays an important role in the therapy of patients suffering from pathological speech disorders. Automatic and objective measures are desirable to assist therapists in their traditionally subjective and labor-intensive assessments. In this work, we investigate a novel approach for obtaining such a measure using the divergence in disentangled latent speech representations of a parallel utterance pair, obtained from a healthy reference and a pathological speaker. Experiments on an English database of Cerebral Palsy patients, using all available utterances per speaker, show high and significant correlation values (R = -0.9) with subjective intelligibility measures, while having only minimal deviation (+-0.01) across four different reference speaker pairs. We also demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method (R = -0.89 deviating +-0.02 over 1000 iterations) by considering a significantly smaller amount of utterances per speaker. Our results are among the first to show that disentangled speech representations can be used for automatic pathological speech intelligibility assessment, resulting in a reference speaker pair invariant method, applicable in scenarios with only few utterances available.
Comparison between steepest descent and LMS algorithms in adaptive filters (1987)

It is commonly stated that the least-mean-square (LMS) algorithm for adaptive filters is a stochastic version of the steepest descent (SD) optimisation technique, although little work on comparative studies has been reported. The present paper sets out a detailed theoretical and experimental comparison. Equations are derived for the directional variance of the estimated gradient, and these are then experimentally verified by means of a constrained LMS simulation—an ensemble of LMS gradients is computed for a set of points determined by advancing an adaptive system according to the SD gradient. Particular attention is focused on the convergence process, since the LMS algorithm has been criticised for being too slow.
Artroplastia Total do Joelho após a Redução Aberta e a Fixação Interna de Fraturas do Platô Tibial (2001)

JBJS was founded by the American Orthopaedic Association in 1903 and is the Official Journal of the American Orthopaedic Association. EXCELLENCE THROUGH PEER REVIEW The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery (JBJS) has been the most valued source of information for orthopaedic surgeons and researchers for over 125 years and is the gold standard in peer-reviewed scientific information in the field. A core journal and essential reading for general as well as specialist orthopaedic surgeons worldwide, JBJS publishes evidence-based research to enhance the quality of care for orthopaedic patients. Standards of excellence and high quality are maintained in everything we do, from the science of the content published to the customer service we provide. JBJS is an independent, non-profit journal. JBJS.org is the version of record of The Journal of Bone & Joint Surgery. JBJS is published twice a month on the first and third Wednesday of each month, each time adding to a comprehensive PDF archive dating back to 1889. Additional features online include: article commenting, social sharing links, instructional videos, podcasts, and continuing medical education activities. Contributions from anywhere in the world are welcome and considered on their merits. The manuscript must be written in English and should be submitted as outlined in the Instructions for Authors. Manuscripts are subject to blinded peer review by experts and a final decision by the editor. Papers are judged by the quality and relevance of the work. Our aim is to publish the best material available from anywhere in the world.
A Package for Extensible Object-Oriented Data Models with an Application to IMP++ (2006)

We present a datatype package that enables the use of shallow embedding technique to object-oriented specification and programming languages. The package incrementally compiles an object-oriented data model to a theory containing object-universes, constructors, and accessor functions, coercions between dynamic and static types, characteristic sets, their relations reflecting inheritance, and the necessary class invariants. The package is conservative, i.e., all properties are derived entirely from axiomatic definitions. As an application, we use the package for an object-oriented core-language called IMP++, for which correctness of a Hoare logic with respect to an operational semantics is proven. 1
6-DoF Contrastive Grasp Proposal Network (2021)

Proposing grasp poses for novel objects is an essential component for any robot manipulation task. Planning six degrees of freedom (DoF) grasps with a single camera, however, is challenging due to the complex object shape, incomplete object information, and sensor noise. In this paper, we present a 6-DoF contrastive grasp proposal network (CGPN) to infer 6-DoF grasps from a single-view depth image. First, an image encoder is used to extract the feature map from the input depth image, after which 3-DoF grasp regions are proposed from the feature map with a rotated region proposal network. Feature vectors that within the proposed grasp regions are then extracted and refined to 6-DoF grasps. The proposed model is trained offline with synthetic grasp data. To improve the robustness in reality and bridge the simulation-to-real gap, we further introduce a contrastive learning module and variant image processing techniques during the training. CGPN can locate collision-free grasps of an object using a single-view depth image within 0.5 second. Experiments on a physical robot further demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm. The experimental videos are available at [1].