gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methods for Assessing Quantity and Quality of Illumination (2019)

Human vision provides useful information about the shape and color of the objects around us. It works well in many, but not all, lighting conditions. Since the advent of human-made light sources, it has been important to understand how illumination affects vision quality, but this has been surprisingly difficult. The widespread introduction of solid-state light emitters has increased the urgency of this problem. Experts still debate how lighting can best enable high-quality vision-a key issue since about one-fifth of global electrical power production is used to make light. Photometry, the measurement of the visual quantity of light, is well established, yet significant uncertainties remain. Colorimetry, the measurement of color, has achieved good reproducibility, but researchers still struggle to understand how illumination can best enable high-quality color vision. Fortunately, in recent years, considerable progress has been made. Here, we summarize the current understanding and discuss key areas for future study.
Abstract 233: Novel Roles of Notch2 and Notch3 in Differential Regulation of Cardiovascular Calcification (2009)

Background: We previously demonstrated that Notch receptors contribute to aortic valve calcification, however the underlying mechanisms, particularly relative contributions of each receptor remain ...
Prenatal exposure of mice to the human liver carcinogen aflatoxin B 1 reveals a critical window of susceptibility to genetic change (2014)

It has become axiomatic that critical windows of susceptibility to genotoxins exist and that genetic damage in utero may be a trigger for later life cancers. Data supporting this critical window hypothesis are remarkably few. This study provides a quantitative bridge between DNA damage by the liver carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1 ) during prenatal development and the risk of later life genetic disease. AFB1 was given to pregnant C57BL/6J mice, carrying F1 gestation day 14 (GD14) embryos of the B6C3F1 genotype. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) using aflatoxin-(15) N5 -guanine adduct standards afforded measurement of the AFB1 -N(7) -Gua and AFB1 -FAPY adducts 6-hr post dosing in liver DNA of mothers and embryos. A parallel cohort gave birth and the livers of the F1 were analyzed for mutations in the gpt gene at 3 and 10 weeks of age. The data revealed mutational spectra dominated by G:C to T:A mutations in both the mother and offspring that are characteristic of AFB1 and distinct from background. It was shown that adducts in GD14 embryos were 20-fold more potent inducers of mutagenesis than adducts in parallel-dosed adults. This sensitivity enhancement correlated with Ki67 staining of the liver, reflecting the proliferative potential of the tissue. Taken together, these data provide insight into the relative genetic risks of prenatal and adult exposures to AFB1 . Early life exposure, especially during the embryonic period, is strikingly more mutagenic than treatment later in life. Moreover the data provide a baseline against which risk prevention strategies can be evaluated.
Self-assembly of one-dimensional nanomaterials for cost-effective photovoltaics (2011)

As the demand for sustainable energy resources has grown rapidly in recent years, enormous effort is invested on cost-effective photovoltaic technologies. Nanomaterials are one class of candidate materials being explored for next generation photovoltaics while significant progress has been obtained currently. In this review article, we summarise the recent progress in this field and identify the key issues related to nanostructured solar cells. In particular, we highlight the technology which is based on self-assembly of synthetic nanopillars for photovoltaics. These research has casted a solid ground for future exploration using nanomaterials for cost-effective solar cells.
Neo-Virology: the raison d'etre of viruses (2016)

An ecosystem is a complex network of interactions among living organisms and the nonliving components of their environment. Generally, a living organism is defined as belonging to one of three domains of life: the archaea, bacteria, and eukaryote domains. Therefore, viruses are not considered living components of the global ecosystem. Given that approximately 10<sup>31</sup> viruses exist on Earth and all of them are parasitic in living organisms, it is not hard to imagine how virus infection might affect the physiological functions of both hosts and the ecosystem. However, since traditional virology research tends to focus on viral pathogenicity, the significance of viruses and viral-mediated processes in the global ecosystem are poorly understood. To identify previously unrecognized roles of the virus per se in nature, here we propose to establish a new academic field designated as 'Neo-virology'. In this research field, we define a virus as a component of the global ecosystem and aim to elucidate its key roles in host organisms as a part of the global ecosystem.
Constitutively active SARM1 variants that induce neuropathy are enriched in ALS patients (2022)

These results implicate rare hypermorphic SARM1 alleles as candidate genetic risk factors for ALS and other neurodegenerative conditions.
A CARMEN mesh experience: deployment and results (2009)

When there is no wired connectivity, wireless mesh networks (WMNs) can provide Internet access with lower cost and greater flexibility than traditional approaches. This has motivated the design of new protocols and algorithms for WMNs, and recently the deployment of experimental prototypes. In this paper we add to these previous works with the performance evaluation of a first CARMEN deployment, with the following distinguishing features: i) it is an indoor deployment, ii) it is used by real users to connect to the Internet, and iii) it is built using off-the-shelf hardware. The results show that mesh technology can provide users with a satisfactory Internet experience, and motives further research along this line.
Human type II phospholipase A2-induced Mac-1 expression on human neutrophils (1996)

Abstract To investigate the effect of type II phospholipase A2 (PLA2-H) on neutrophil function, we assessed the Mac-1 (CD11b/CD18) expression on human neutrophils by flow cytometry after incubation of the cells with human PLA2-IL PLA2-II at a concentration of 10μg/mL increased the Mac-1 expression by 150% compared with unstimulated cells at 30 min and after. Under these conditions PLA2-II increased the exocytosis from secretory vesicles but not from azurophilic, specific, or gelatinase granules. The results suggest that PLA2-II induces translocation of Mac-1 from the secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. The Mac-1 induction mediated by PLA2-II was inhibited by an anti-PLA2-II antibody, which was able to inhibit the catalytic activity. However, the Mac-1 induction by PLA2-II was not inhibited by a 5-lipoxygenase, cyclooxygenase inhibitor, or a platelet-activating factor antagonist. Thus, we examined the effects of fatty acids and lysophospholipids on Mac-1 expression. Only arachidonic acid induced Mac-1 expression. These results imply that PLA2-II induces Mac-1 expression on neutrophils via production of arachidonic acid.
Tracheobronchial Cytologic Changes during Prolonged Cannulation (1980)

The tracheobronchial cytology of eighteen patients undergoing prolonged mechanical ventilation were examined for the type of cell population present, together with the morphologic integrity of the ciliated epithelial cells 1, 3, 5, 10, and 20 days after tracheal cannulation. Smears obtained from patients recovering from cardiac surgery were different from all others in that: (1) they contained fewer epithelial cells (ciliated and squamous) which disappeared earlier; (2) they initially had more pus cells which appeared earlier; (3) they originally contained more histiocytes but these were not found after the 5th day after cannulation; and (4) their ciliated epithelial cells displayed more cytomorphologic changes. Differences in cytology were attributed to impaired cardiac output in these patients. The reduced perfusion pressure of the vasculature of their tracheobronchial tree was presumably unable to sustain the lateral wall pressure of tube cuffs pressure, which further impaired tracheal perfusion. Less reparative processes (squamous metaplasia and early appearance of histiocytes) were also found in patients following cardiac surgery, together with early invasion of smears by pus cells indicating premature lowered resistance to bacterial infection.
Photocurrent spectroscopy analysis of widely tunable negative-chirp quantum-well intermixed laser-modulator transmitters (2005)

High-speed laser-modulator transmitters fabricated using InGaAsP quantum-well intermixing exhibit negative chirp over a wavelength range of more than 30nm. Photocurrent spectroscopy is used to examine the multiple band edges in these devices. An exciton peak is found in the photocurrent data, and the evolution of the band edge as a function of quantum-well intermixing and applied bias voltage is revealed. The photocurrent data are then exploited to verify and explain the negative chirp characteristics of the wavelength-agile transmitters.
Objective video quality assessment methods: Video encoders comparison (2015)

This paper mainly deals with an evaluation of video codecs used in todays applications. The paper begins with a short introduction to video quality evaluation methods. It is focuses on the objective measurement methods including Peak to Signal Noise Ratio (PSNR), Structural Similarity (SSIM), and Mean-Singular Value Decomposition (M-SVD). Then, four different video sequences are chosen to evaluate four video codecs, concretely H.264, VP8 concretely Dirac, Flash, VP8 and H.264. These codecs were tested on application developed in C++ wit FFmpeg implementation. The graphs at the end of this paper show the results of the tests in detail.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS. VI. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐METHYLSPIRO(6‐FLUOROINDAN‐1,3′‐PYRROLIDIN)‐3‐ONE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS (1980)

Abstract Durch eine Grignard‐Reaktion der 1‐substituierten 4‐Piperidone (I) erhält man die Aryl‐piperidinole (II), die zu den Tetrahydropyridinen (III) mit Salzsäure dehydratisiert werden.
Localization of the human complement component C3 binding site on the IgG heavy chain. (1991)

The location of the covalent binding site of the third component of complement (C3) on the IgG heavy chain was determined by sequence analysis of peptides generated by cyanogen bromide digestion of C3-IgG adducts. Activation of the alternative pathway by incubation of heat-aggregated human IgG1 with fresh normal human plasma formed covalent adducts of C3b-IgG. CNBr peptides of these adducts were transferred to a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane, and amino-terminal sequences were determined. A 40-kDa dipeptide containing the covalent bond was identified by labeling the free thiol group (generated during activation of the internal thioester of C3b) with iodo[1-14C]acetamide and analyzed by amino acid sequencing. The resulting double sequence suggested an adduct with NH2 termini at residue 938 (pro-C3 numbering) of C3 (75 residues NH2-terminal to the thioester) and residue 84 in the variable region of the IgG heavy chain. These results combined with results from hydroxylamine treatment (splits ester linkage between C3b and IgG) imply that this adduct peptide consists of a 22-kDa C3 fragment and an 18-kDa IgG fragment. Therefore, C3 binds covalently within the region extending from the last 20 residues of the variable region through the first 20 residues of CH2.
GRAIN BOUNDARIES AND SOLID ELECTROLYTE DEGRADATION (1984)

The initiation and propagation of electrochemical degradation in sodium-..beta..-alumina type solid electrolytes have been found to involve grain boundaries. Degradation is preferentially initiated at (00.1) facets of large grains, lowering the critical current density threshold for coarse-grained electrolytes. The critical current densities were determined by monitoring acoustic emissions during current flow. Direct indications of the implication of grain boundaries in degradation has been obtained from transmission and optical microscopy of degraded electrolytes.
Intravesical Recurrence after Radical Nephroureterectomy in Patients with Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma Is Associated with Flexible Diagnostic Ureteroscopy, but Not with Rigid Diagnostic Ureteroscopy (2022)

(1) Background: We assessed the impact of diagnostic ureteroscopy (URS) on intravesical recurrence (IVR) following radical nephroureterectomy (RNU) for upper tract urothelial carcinoma according to the type of URS. (2) Methods: Data on 491 consecutive patients who underwent RNU at two institutions between 2016 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. The study population was classified according to the type of URS performed before RNU as follows: non-URS, rigid URS, and flexible URS. The study outcome was IVR occurring within 1 year of RNU. Univariable and multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate the risk of IVR. (3) Results: Altogether, 396 patients were included for analysis. Rigid and flexible URS were performed in 178 (45%) and 111 (28%) patients, respectively, while 107 (27%) patients did not undergo URS. IVR was identified in 99 (25%) patients. Multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed that the flexible URS group was significantly associated with increased IVR, compared to the non-URS group (HR = 1.807, <i>p</i> = 0.0416). No significant difference in IVR was observed between the non-URS and rigid URS groups (HR = 1.301, <i>p</i> = 0.3388). (4) Conclusions: In patients with UTUC undergoing RNU, rigid URS may not increase the risk of IVR, whereas flexible URS appears to be associated with a higher risk of IVR.
An HPSG parser with CFG filtering (2000)

This article presents an HPSG parser using a technique called CFG filtering . The parser predicts possible parse trees using a CFG generated automatically from a given HPSG -based grammar. Parsing costs are reduced because unification is applied only to the predicted parse trees. In other words, parsing is speeded up because the parser avoids unnecessary unification by eliminating impossible parse trees. We show the method for generating a CFG from an HPSG -based grammar and outline a parsing scheme using the CFG. The effectiveness of the parsing scheme is shown through experimental results obtained by using several HPSG -based grammars, including the LinGO grammar.
ChemInform Abstract: η5‐CYCLOHEXADIENYLTRICARBONYLCHROMIUM(0) COMPLEXES FROM ADDITION OF CARBON NUCLEOPHILES TO η6‐BENZENETRICARBONYLCHROMIUM(0). FORMATION, CHEMICAL AND SPECTROSCOPIC FEATURES, AND X‐RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS (1979)

Abstract Die Addition von reaktiven Carbanionen in Form ihrer Li‐Salze an Benzolchromtricarbonyl (I) führt zu den stabilen n5 ‐Cyclohexadienyl‐Titelkomplexen (II), die als Li‐Salze isoliert und IR‐ und NMR‐spektroskopisch charakterisiert wurden.
Biocompatible and bioreducible micelles fabricated from novel α-amino acid-based poly(disulfide urethane)s: design, synthesis and triggered doxorubicin release (2015)

Novel α-amino acid-based poly(disulfide urethane)s have been developed for the construction of smart triblock copolymer micelles that show good biocompatibility, fast reductive degradation, and triggered intracellular drug release behavior.
Variable block size motion estimation algorithm and its hardware architecture for H.264/AVC (2004)

This paper presents a variable block size motion estimation (ME) algorithm and its hardware architectures dedicated to H.264/AVC. Proposed ME architecture can achieve real-time processing for 720/spl times/480@30Hz with search range of [-64, +63] in the horizontal and [-32, +31] in the vertical direction at integer-pel accuracy and upto 7 reference frames at the operating frequency of 54MHz.
Video Compressive Sensing for Dynamic MRI (2014)

We present a video compressive sensing framework, termed kt-CSLDS, to accelerate the image acquisition process of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We are inspired by a state-of-the-art model for video compressive sensing that utilizes a linear dynamical system (LDS) to model the motion manifold. Given compressive measurements, the state sequence of an LDS can be first estimated using system identification techniques. We then reconstruct the observation matrix using a joint structured sparsity assumption. In particular, we minimize an objective function with a mixture of wavelet sparsity and joint sparsity within the observation matrix. We derive an efficient convex optimization algorithm through alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM), and provide a theoretical guarantee for global convergence. We demonstrate the performance of our approach for video compressive sensing, in terms of reconstruction accuracy. We also investigate the impact of various sampling strategies. We apply this framework to accelerate the acquisition process of dynamic MRI and show it achieves the best reconstruction accuracy with the least computational time compared with existing algorithms in the literature.
Synthesis and Characterization of Novel ZnO/Whey Protein Nanocomposite (2008)

Nanocrystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) particles coated with whey protein (WP) were synthesized in the weak basic aqueous solution condition at room temperature. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements confirmed the ZnO/WP nanoscaled composite structure. The average composite granules size was about 300 nm and the embedded ZnO nanoparticles were uniform and monodisperse with an average diameter of 65 nm
Model Based Frequency Response Analysis for Characterization of Transformer Insulation (2005)

This paper presents investigations on the possibility of\ncharacterizing the transformer insulation by frequency\nresponse analysis (FRA) technique. A lumped parameter circuit model was built for a single winding and for a model transformer. The proposed model was used to predict the effects of different characteristics of insulation on the frequency response of winding impedance. The simulated and measured responses of the model transformer are presented and discussed.
Morphic Images of Gauss Codes. (1993)

In order to investigate the effect of saline loading on the atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the central nervous system (CNS), time course measurements of the ANP content in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), blood pressure, water and electrolyte balances were carried out after saline loading in rats. Cisternal saline loading (120 ml/day) was found to induce a significant increase in urinary volume and electrolyte excretion, and to cause an initial rise in mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) in WKY rats. The ANP content in the CSF was significantly increased after saline loading, as compared to that in the control period. The ANP in both the plasma and CSF revealed a significant increase over the control values following chronic saline loading. Based on these results, it is suggested that the ANP in the CSF could exert a regulatory effect on the blood pressure and water balance, either by a direct action on the kidney or indirectly via an action on the CNS.
DFT for Low Cost SOC Test (2005)

Growing test costs impact the design and implementation of large and complex IP (intellectual property) modules, (often reused as embedded cores), as well as the construction of SOCs (systems-on-chip) using them. The modules must be designed for re-use in different devices, and the SOCs using them too must be designed to support various end applications, with diverse requirements of performance, power, reliability and cost, within the constraints of the budgetted design and test costs and product development cycle times. These constraints often make the DFT (design for testability) process a very critical and differentiating component of the overall design cycle, as well as a key enabler for robust designs.
Structural basis for potent antibody neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 variants including B.1.1.529 (2022)

The rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) B.1.1.529 (Omicron) variant and its resistance to neutralization by vaccinee and convalescent sera are driving a search for monoclonal antibodies with potent neutralization. To provide insight into effective neutralization, we determined cryo-electron microscopy structures and evaluated receptor binding domain (RBD) antibodies for their ability to bind and neutralize B.1.1.529. Mutations altered 16% of the B.1.1.529 RBD surface, clustered on an RBD ridge overlapping the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2)-binding surface and reduced binding of most antibodies. Substantial inhibitory activity was retained by select monoclonal antibodies-including A23-58.1, B1-182.1, COV2-2196, S2E12, A19-46.1, S309, and LY-CoV1404-that accommodated these changes and neutralized B.1.1.529. We identified combinations of antibodies with synergistic neutralization. The analysis revealed structural mechanisms for maintenance of potent neutralization against emerging variants.
Four-Arm Sinuous Antenna With Low Input Impedance for Wide Gain Bandwidth (2022)

An improved method of reducing the input impedance of a four-arm sinuous antenna is demonstrated for a wide gain bandwidth. The proposed antenna has a dual-linear polarized response for electronic support measures (ESM) systems and is designed with a planar substrate. The structure for reducing the input impedance is developed based on the transmission and coupled line theory and is shown to be in excellent agreement with theoretical predictions. The proposed antenna achieves an impedance bandwidth in the range of 0.45–6 GHz with a reference impedance of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100 ~\Omega $ </tex-math></inline-formula> . Simulations for comparison according to the difference in input impedance of designed antennas with feeding structures are also presented. Finally, the performance of the fabricated antenna with wideband balun is verified by measuring co- and cross-polarization radiation patterns. As a result, the proposed antenna achieves a wide gain bandwidth (>2.5 dBi) and a cross-polarization isolation (>−13 dB) of more than 12:1 in the frequency range over 0.6 GHz, which can be used in ESM systems.
Classification ascendante hiérarchique à noyaux et une application aux données textuelles (2017)

National audience
Development of epitaxial AlxSc1−xN for artificially structured metal/semiconductor superlattice metamaterials (2014)

Epitaxial nitride rocksalt metal/semiconductor superlattices are emerging as a novel class of artificially structured materials that have generated significant interest in recent years for their potential application in plasmonic and thermoelectric devices. Though most nitride metals are rocksalt, nitride semiconductors in general have hexagonal crystal structure. We report rocksalt aluminum scandium nitride (Al,Sc)N alloys as the semiconducting component in epitaxial rocksalt metal/semiconductor superlattices. The Al x Sc 1x N alloys when deposited directly on MgO substrates are stabilized in a homogeneous rocksalt (single) phase when x < 0.51. Employing 20 nm TiN as a seed layer on MgO substrates, the homogeneity range for stabilizing the rocksalt phase has been extended to x < 0.82 for a 120 nm film. The rocksalt Al x Sc 1x N alloys show moderate direct bandgap bowing with a bowing parameter, B 1.41 AE 0.19 eV. The direct bandgap of metastable rocksalt-AlN is extrapolated to be 4.70 AE 0.20 eV. The tunable lattice parameter, bandgap, dielectric permittivity, and electronic properties of rocksalt Al x Sc 1x N alloys enable high quality epitaxial rocksalt metal/Al x Sc 1x N superlattices with a wide range of accessible metamaterials properties.