gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of 5- and 6-Formyl-1-ethoxy-1,2,3-benzotriazole (1987)

A b s t r a c t -The bromination o f 5-and Cmethyl-l-ethoxy-l.2.3b e n z o t r i a z o l e w i t h NBS provided 5-and 6-bromomethyl-1-ethoxy-1.2.3-benzotriazole which were. by way o f the Sammelet reaction.converted t o 5and 6-formyl-1-ethoxy-1.2.3-benzotriazole.The 1.2.3-benrotriazole molecule 1 and i t s d e r i v a t i v e s have been shown t o possess a wide range o f b i o l o g i c a l a c t i v i t y .Recently, t h e 1.2.3-benrotriamle d e r i v a t i v e 2 was shown t o possess s i g n i f i c a n t 8-adrenergic receptor b l o c k i n g a c t i v i t y .' Compounds possessing t h e 1-hydroxy-2-aminoethyl group have been shown t o be active i n reducing t h e body's synthesis o f epinephrine and thus a r e e f f e c t i v e i n reducing peripheral blood pressure.2 As p a r t o f our c o n t i n u i n g e f f o r t t o i n v e s t i g a t e new.b i o l o g i c a l l y a c t i v e 1.2.3-benzotriazole systems, we wish t o r e p o r t the synthesis o f the previously unreported 5-formyl-1-ethoxy-1.2.3-benzotriazole(2) and 6-formyl-1-ethoxy-1.2.3-benzotriarole (E),
Traffic engineering and QoS control between wireless diffserv domains using PQ and LLQ (2007)

Numerous recent studies have proven that traffic patterns generated by multimedia services are different from traditional Poisson traffic. It has been shown that multimedia network traffic exhibits long-range dependency (LRD) and self-similar characteristics. The area of wireless IP traffic modeling in terms of providing assured QoS to the end-user is still immature and the majority of existing work is merely based on characterization of the wireless IP traffic without investigating the behavior of queueing systems under such traffic conditions. Work done in this area has been limited to simplified models of FIFO queueing systems which do not accurately reflect likely queueing system implementations or the results have been limited to simplified numerical analysis studies. In this paper, we contribute towards the solution of this problem by focusing on traffic engineering of different UMTS service classes by providing efficient QoS mapping using two common queueing disciplines; Priority Queueing (PQ) and Low Latency Queueing (LLQ), which are likely to be used in future all-IP based packet transport networks.The present study is based on a realistic traffic model which is long-range dependent and self-similar. We consider three different classes of self-similar traffic being fed to a queueing model of three queues based on a G/M/1 queueing system. We first make an analysis on the basis of non-preemptive priority and then on the basis of low-latency queuing and find closed form expressions of expected waiting times and packet loss rates of different traffic classes. In order to validate our models we conduct a series of experiments. We have developed a comprehensive discrete-event simulator for a G/M/1 queueing system in order to understand and evaluate the QoS behavior of self-similar traffic and carry out performance evaluations of multiple classes of input traffic in terms of expected queue length, packet delay and packet loss rate. Furthermore, we have developed a traffic generator to realize our self-similar traffic model and use it to feed traffic through a CISCO router-based test bed. The results obtained from the two different queueing schemes (PQ and LLQ) are then compared with the simulation results to ascertain the accuracy of our model.
Timely multithreat biological, chemical and nuclide detection: a platform, a metric, key results (2008)

Terrorism has been called 'war in the 21st century' (Barnett). Metrics are needed to quantify changes in threat state as well as system design trade-offs that weight the time required for accurate identification against the threat detection sensitivity. We present an adaptable agent-detection-platform capable of sensing multiple threat agents (chemical, biological and nuclear) simultaneously in diverse media and a performance model of this detection platform. A performance metric 'Time-To-Identify' (TTI); the time required to identify the presence of a given target analyte is presented. Experimental results that illustrate the new technologies required by this platform are presented. The model and metric predict the detection platform's sensitivity and speed for several CONcepts of OPeration (CONOP): (1) agent detection (chemical, viral or bacterial) in a 1 ml clinical sample, (2) botulinum toxin detection in milk and (3) pathogen detection in airplane cabin air.
Queuing with adaptive modulation and coding over wireless links: cross-Layer analysis and design (2005)

Assuming there are always sufficient data waiting to be transmitted, adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) schemes at the physical layer have been traditionally designed separately from higher layers. However, this assumption is not always valid when queuing effects are taken into account at the data link layer. In this paper, we analyze the joint effects of finite-length queuing and AMC for transmissions over wireless links. We present a general analytical procedure, and derive the packet loss rate, the average throughput, and the average spectral efficiency (ASE) of AMC. Guided by our performance analysis, we introduce a cross-layer design, which optimizes the target packet error rate of AMC at the physical layer, to minimize thpacket loss rate and maximize the average throughput, when combined with a finite-length queue at the data link layer. Numerical results illustrate the dependence of system performance on various parameters, and quantify the performance gain due to cross-layer optimization. Our focus is on the single user case, but we also discuss briefly possible applications to multiuser scenarios.
Adaptive channel estimation for OFDM systems in time-varying non-stationary wireless channels (2007)

This paper addresses adaptive channel estimation for time-varying mobile wireless channels with nonstationary statistics. We presents a reduced complexity adaptive channel estimator based on a set membership filtering approach known as the Optimal Bounding Ellipsoid (OBE) algorithm. To exploit time and frequency domain correlation properties of the channel in an efficient low-complexity way, we allow only a certain number of most significant channel impulse response taps to pass through time-domain adaptive filters while nulling the remaining taps. We obtain further complexity reduction by means of selective updating of the adaptive filters. Our proposed method overcomes the existing methodspsila drawbacks namely slow convergence, high sensitivity to channel statistics mismatch, and very high complexity. Comparisons with the existing methods (Robust MMSE estimator, adaptive NLMS and RLS estimators) corroborate advantages of our method in non-stationary time-varying wireless channels.
Sleep Deprivation Increases A1Adenosine Receptor Binding in the Human Brain: A Positron Emission Tomography Study (2007)

It is currently hypothesized that adenosine is involved in the induction of sleep after prolonged wakefulness. This effect is partially reversed by the application of caffeine, which is a nonselective blocker of adenosine receptors. Here, we report that the most abundant and highly concentrated A1 subtype of cerebral adenosine receptors is upregulated after 24 h of sleep deprivation. We used the highly selective A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) radioligand [18F]CPFPX ([18F]8-cyclopentyl-3-(3-fluoropropyl)-1-propylxanthine) and quantitative positron emission tomography to assess cerebral A1ARs before and after sleep deprivation in 12 healthy volunteers and a control group (n = 10) with regular sleep. In sleep deprived subjects, we found an increase of the apparent equilibrium total distribution volume in a region-specific pattern in all examined brain regions with a maximum increase in the orbitofrontal cortex (15.3%; p = 0.014). There were no changes in the control group with regular sleep. This is the first molecular imaging study that provides in vivo evidence for an A1AR upregulation in cortical and subcortical brain regions after prolonged wakefulness, indicating that A1AR expression is contributing to the homeostatic sleep regulation.
Effect of an optical negative index thin film on optical bistability (2006)

We investigate nonlinear transmission in a layered structure consisting of a slab of positive index material with Kerr-type nonlinearity and a subwavelength layer of linear negative index material (NIM) sandwiched between semi-infinite linear dielectrics. We find that a thin layer of NIM leads to significant changes in the hysteresis width when the nonlinear slab is illuminated at an angle near that of total internal reflection. Unidirectional diodelike transmission with enhanced operational range is demonstrated. These results may be useful for NIMs characterization and for designing novel NIMs-based devices.
Asymptotic oscillator tracking performance analysis for distributed massive MIMO systems (2014)

This paper considers the problem of estimating and tracking channels in a distributed transmission system with N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> transmit nodes and N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> receive nodes. Since each node in the distributed transmission system has an independent local oscillator, the effective channel between each transmit node and each receive node has time-varying phase and frequency offsets which much be tracked and predicted to facilitate coherent transmission. This paper presents a unified state-space model in which a single node aggregates all of the observations and tracks all of the channel states in the system. To quantify the performance of this tracking system, the steady-state prediction covariance is analyzed. Since the dimension of the prediction covariance matrix grows proportionally to the product N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> , the resulting discrete-time algebraic Riccati equation is difficult to solve for large systems, e.g., distributed massive MIMO systems. It is shown, however, that the structure of the dynamic model allows the steady-state prediction covariance to be efficiently calculated irrespective of the number of transmit and receive nodes. An asymptotic analysis is also presented for systems with a large number of transmit and receive nodes with closed-from results for all of the elements in the asymptotic prediction covariance as a function of the carrier frequency, oscillator parameters, and channel measurement period. Numeric results confirm the analysis and demonstrate the effect of the oscillator parameters on the ability of the distributed transmission system to achieve coherent transmission.
Fracture of Subthalamic Nucleus Deep Brain Stimulation Hardware as a Result of Compulsive Manipulation: Case Report (2005)

Before surgery, this patient's TTM was right-sided, but after subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation, her wound picking was only left-sided. This case suggests that subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation may have a role in unleashing the symptomatology of TTM through an as yet poorly understood mechanism. Furthermore, there is also an implication that the pathophysiology of PD and TTM may be intertwined.
Development and validation of a questionnaire assessing volitional competencies to enhance the performance of physical activities in chronic low back pain patients (2011)

Developing a questionnaire to assess implementation intentions would allow investigating the role of these intentions in the transition from acute to chronic LBP. The results of this study should contribute to the understanding of the psychological processes at stake in the development of chronic LBP, and in particular to the identification of factors eventually favouring patients' participation in and adherence to active physical treatments.
Mitochondria regulate the unfolded protein response leading to cancer cell survival under glucose deprivation conditions (2010)

Cancer cells consume large amounts of glucose because of their specific metabolic pathway. However, cancer cells exist in tumor tissue where glucose is insufficient. To survive, cancer cells likely have the mechanism to elude their glucose addiction. Here we show that functional mitochondria are essential if cancer cells are to avoid glucose addiction. Cancer cells with dysfunctional mitochondria, such as mitochondrial DNA-deficient rho(0) cells and electron transport chain blocker-treated cells, were highly sensitive to glucose deprivation. Our data demonstrated that this sensitization was associated with failure of the unfolded protein response (UPR), an adaptive response mediated by the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This study suggests a link between mitochondria and the ER during the UPR under glucose deprivation conditions and that mitochondria govern cell fate, not only through ATP production and apoptosis regulation, but also through modulating the UPR for cell survival.
From novel discovery tools and biomarkers to precision medicine—basic cardiovascular science highlights of 2021/22 (2022)

Here, we review the highlights of cardiovascular basic science published in 2021 and early 2022 on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology Council for Basic Cardiovascular Science. We begin with non-coding RNAs which have emerged as central regulators cardiovascular biology, and then discuss how technological developments in single-cell 'omics are providing new insights into cardiovascular development, inflammation, and disease. We also review recent discoveries on the biology of extracellular vesicles in driving either protective or pathogenic responses. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2021 recognized the importance of the molecular basis of mechanosensing and here we review breakthroughs in cardiovascular sensing of mechanical force. We also summarize discoveries in the field of atherosclerosis including the role of clonal haematopoiesis of indeterminate potential, and new mechanisms of crosstalk between hyperglycaemia, lipid mediators, and inflammation. The past 12 months also witnessed major advances in the field of cardiac arrhythmia including new mechanisms of fibrillation. We also focus on inducible pluripotent stem cell technology which has demonstrated disease causality for several genetic polymorphisms in long-QT syndrome and aortic valve disease, paving the way for personalized medicine approaches. Finally, the cardiovascular community has continued to better understand COVID-19 with significant advancement in our knowledge of cardiovascular tropism, molecular markers, the mechanism of vaccine-induced thrombotic complications and new anti-viral therapies that protect the cardiovascular system.
Thermal Fatigue Life of Sn-2Ag Solder Bump with Small Al Addition (2006)

Recently, in accordance with environmental demands, Pb-free solders are being widely used. Our research was done to further promote the use of Pb-free solders. We tried to improve the thermal fatigue life by adding a small amount of Al to conventional Sn-Ag Pb-free solders. Ceramic ball grid arrays (C-BGAs), whose uses will increase in the future, were selected as the most crucial issue in thermal fatigue. Moreover, we used Sn-Ag solder as the mother solder alloy, to which we added a 0.1 and 0.05% wt. of Al. There were two kinds of fatigue fracture. In the first, the crack propagates inside the solder bump, and in the second, the crack propagates near the jointed solder and substrate interface. The fatigue life showed considerable improvement for the first mode, but no improvement for the second.
Fragilités londoniennes et pouvoir métropolitain (2008)

En contrepoint de l’analyse de Charles Ambrosino, nous avons demandé à Patrick Le Galès (directeur de recherches au CNRS, CEVIPOF Sciences Po), spécialiste des politiques publiques et auteur d’un livre de référence sur Tony Blair *, son opinion sur les récentes évolutions politiques londoniennes. En effet, à la surprise générale, les dernières élections locales de mai 2008 ont vu la défaite du charismatique maire travailliste du Grand Londres, Ken Livingstone, et la victoire de Boris Johnson, candidat conservateur au profil atypique
Threshold Tuning of III-V Nanowire Transistors via Metal Clusters Decoration (2013)

Recently, III-V semiconductor nanowires are widely explored as field effect transistor (FET) materials for the next generation high speed electronics. Further tuning the working mode of the nanowire FET is essential in the large scale device design and fabrication, which is still a significant challenging in the current moment. In this study, decoration of metal nanoparticles with different work functions can effectively tune the threshold (V TH ) of III-V nanowire FETs. Specifically, high work function metals such as Au and Pt can shift V TH to the positive side while low work function metals such as Al can tune V TH to the negative side, for the typical InAs, InP and InGaAs NWFETs, by depleting electrons from and donating electrons to the III-V nanowire channels. Furthermore, the fabrication of inverters using the depletion and enhancement mode InAs NWFETs show the great potency of the metal decoration method in low-power and high performance electronic devices.
Representation Learning via Invariant Causal Mechanisms (2020)

Self-supervised learning has emerged as a strategy to reduce the reliance on costly supervised signal by pretraining representations only using unlabeled data. These methods combine heuristic proxy classification tasks with data augmentations and have achieved significant success, but our theoretical understanding of this success remains limited. In this paper we analyze self-supervised representation learning using a causal framework. We show how data augmentations can be more effectively utilized through explicit invariance constraints on the proxy classifiers employed during pretraining. Based on this, we propose a novel self-supervised objective, Representation Learning via Invariant Causal Mechanisms (ReLIC), that enforces invariant prediction of proxy targets across augmentations through an invariance regularizer which yields improved generalization guarantees. Further, using causality we generalize contrastive learning, a particular kind of self-supervised method, and provide an alternative theoretical explanation for the success of these methods. Empirically, ReLIC significantly outperforms competing methods in terms of robustness and out-of-distribution generalization on ImageNet, while also significantly outperforming these methods on Atari achieving above human-level performance on $51$ out of $57$ games.
Convenient method for the recovery of eicosapentaenoic acid from cod liver oil (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConvenient method for the recovery of eicosapentaenoic acid from cod liver oilE. J. Corey and Stephen W. WrightCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 25, 5980–5981Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00260a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00260a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Novel Approach to Measuring Doping in SiC by Micro Spot Corona-Kelvin Method (2015)

In this work we propose a novel approach to measuring doping concentration in SiC based on a micro-scale time-resolved corona-Kelvin technique. In this method corona charging of SiC surface into depletion is done within a micro size corona spot and a Kelvin-force micro-probe is used to measure surface voltage decay in the center of the spot. The voltage decay is due to charge decay due to surface diffusion producing analogy of voltage-charge scanning under the probe. We use 2D charge diffusion analysis to extract two parameters – 1) doping concentration in the SiC epitaxial layer and 2) diffusion coefficient of corona ions on the SiC surface. The micro-spot corona-Kelvin method demonstrated in this work shall prove of importance for testing of doping uniformity on micro scale and measurements on a small area in SiC production wafers.
Supplementary Figures 5-7 from Dysfunctional Microvasculature as a Consequence of <i>Shb</i> Gene Inactivation Causes Impaired Tumor Growth (2023)

Supplementary Figures 5-7 from Dysfunctional Microvasculature as a Consequence of &lt;i&gt;Shb&lt;/i&gt; Gene Inactivation Causes Impaired Tumor Growth
Nonlinearity mitigation of a 40-Watt 1.55-micron uplink transmitter for lunar laser communications (2013)

Improvements to a ground-based 40W 1.55 micron uplink transmitter for the Lunar Laser Communications Demonstration (LLCD) are described. The transmitter utilizes four 10 W spatial-diversity channels to broadcast 19.4 - 38.9 Mbit/s rates using a variable-duty cycle 4-ary pulse position modulation. At the lowest rate, with a 32-to-1 duty cycle, this leads to 320 W peak power per transmitter channel. This paper discusses a simplification of the transmitter that uses super-large-area single mode fiber and polarization control to mitigate high peak power nonlinear impairments.