gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Five-Aminosalicylic Acid: An Update for the Reappraisal of an Old Drug (2015)

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) comprises several conditions with chronic or recurring immune response and inflammation of the gastrointestinal apparatus, of which ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease are the commonest forms. This disease has a significant prevalence and it is of an unknown aethiology. Five-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) and its derivatives are among the oldest drugs approved for the treatment of the IBD. In this review we reapprise aspects of 5-ASA mechanism of action, safety, and efficacy that in our opinion make it a valuable drug that can be fruitfully tailored in personalised treatments as a therapeutic option alongside other immune-modifying agents.
New Sensitizer-Modified Calix[4]arenes Enabling Near-UV Excitation of Complexed Luminescent Lanthanide Ions (1995)

The synthesis is described of a series of calix [4]arenes with three different sensitizer chromophores ("antenna") attached to the lower rim via a short spacer.In the Eu3+ and Tb3+ complexes of these calixarenes, photoexcitation of the antenna can induce lanthanide emission via intramolecular energy transfer.Although the higher energy of the Tb3+ luminescent state makes it more difficult to sensitize than in the case of Eu3+, especially a triphenylene antenna is found to have strong sensitizing ability toward not only Eu3+ but also Tb3+, allowing excitation of the lanthanide with wavelengths extending to 350 nm.
The conserved arginine 380 of Hsp90 is not a catalytic residue, but stabilizes the closed conformation required for ATP hydrolysis (2012)

Hsp90, a dimeric ATP-dependent molecular chaperone, is required for the folding and activation of numerous essential substrate "client" proteins including nuclear receptors, cell cycle kinases, and telomerase. Fundamental to its mechanism is an ensemble of dramatically different conformational states that result from nucleotide binding and hydrolysis and distinct sets of interdomain interactions. Previous structural and biochemical work identified a conserved arginine residue (R380 in yeast) in the Hsp90 middle domain (MD) that is required for wild type hydrolysis activity in yeast, and hence proposed to be a catalytic residue. As part of our investigations on the origins of species-specific differences in Hsp90 conformational dynamics we probed the role of this MD arginine in bacterial, yeast, and human Hsp90s using a combination of structural and functional approaches. While the R380A mutation compromised ATPase activity in all three homologs, the impact on ATPase activity was both variable and much more modest (2-7 fold) than the mutation of an active site glutamate (40 fold) known to be required for hydrolysis. Single particle electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering revealed that, for all Hsp90s, mutation of this arginine abrogated the ability to form the closed "ATP" conformational state in response to AMPPNP binding. Taken together with previous mutagenesis data exploring intra- and intermonomer interactions, these new data suggest that R380 does not directly participate in the hydrolysis reaction as a catalytic residue, but instead acts as an ATP-sensor to stabilize an NTD-MD conformation required for efficient ATP hydrolysis.
Expression and Function of Toll-Like Receptors in Human Basophils (2006)

We investigated the expression and function of a panel of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in human basophils. Basophil preparations constitutively expressed TLR2, TLR4, TLR9 and TLR10 mRNAs (TLR4 > TLR2 >> TLR9, TLR10). Although TLR mRNA expression in basophils was generally less prominent compared with those in neutrophils and monocytes, basophils expressed significantly higher levels of TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA than eosinophils. Various TLR ligands (Pam3Cys-Ser-Lys4, poly I:C, lipopolysaccharide, R-848, CpG DNA) were tested, but none affected the expression level of adhesion molecule CD11b or the viability of freshly purified basophils. On the other hand, when basophils were pretreated with interferon-gamma before stimulation with TLR ligands, only the TLR4 ligand, lipopolysaccharide, upregulated CD11b expression. However, the surface levels of TLR2 and TLR4 on the interferon-gamma-treated basophils showed no obvious changes. These results suggest that TLR4 on basophils may be involved in the pathogenesis of infection-induced exacerbation of allergic inflammation by modulating basophil functions.
Duty ratio-dependent fluorescence enhancement through surface plasmon resonance in Ag-coated gratings (2009)

One-dimensional gratings with different duty ratios were designed and implemented for enhanced fluorescence detection and imaging. Verified by finite difference time domain simulations, our results showed that the enhancement strongly depended on the duty ratio of the land width to pitch of the grating structure. The maximum enhancement factor was achieved when the duty ratio was equal to 0.50 in our trapezoidal gratings with pitch=400 nm and depth=20 nm. Such a facile grating mold will exert a considerable influence on microarray biosensors and fluorescence microscopy.
Tolerability of N-Chlorotaurine in the Guinea Pig Middle Ear: A Pilot Study Using an Improved Application System (2004)

The tissue tolerance of N-chlorotaurine (NCT), a mild endogenous antimicrobial oxidant, has been investigated by application to the guinea pig middle ear. The animals were implanted with a novel cannula system that allows chronic external drug delivery to the round window niche. In the first part of the study, 3 animals each received 100 microL of 0.1% NCT (5.5 mmol/L) and 1% NCT, respectively, in aqueous solution twice daily for 8 days. In the second part, NCT was dissolved in phosphate-buffered saline solution to 300 milliosmolar (isotonic), and 27 microL was injected in 3 additional animals twice daily for 7 days. The guinea pigs injected with 100 microL of NCT developed immediate dizziness and nystagmus and did not thrive. Other reactions included mucosal thickening in the middle ear, rupture of the tympanic membrane, and blood and gelatinous material in the cochlea accompanied by hair cell loss and a 10- to 90-dB elevation of the hearing threshold as determined by auditory brain stem responses. The effects seemed to be dose-dependent, but the rate of variability was high across animals. In contrast, the guinea pigs treated with 27 microL of isotonic NCT showed no signs of discomfort, no or only moderate thickening of the middle ear mucosa, no shift of the hearing threshold, and no hair cell loss. Positive control animals injected with 10% neomycin sulfate developed extensive hair cell loss. Provided that the membranes of the inner ear are intact and that low single-dose volumes are used to avoid increased middle ear pressure, isotonic NCT seems to be well tolerated in the tympanic cavity. The new drug delivery system proved to be advantageous for ototoxicity studies.
In Vitro Growth of Cytotoxic Human Lymphocytes (1978)

Abstract Human lymphocytes sensitized to allogeneic determinants in vitro were continuously cultured on medium prepared from phytohemagglutinin- (PHA-P) stimulated human mixed lymphocyte cultures. With such human-conditioned medium (HCM), human peripheral lymphoid cells could be grown in culture for over 90 days with a doubling time of about 54 hr. Cytotoxic lymphocytes could be grown in culture for this time with no loss of cytotoxicity or change in cytotoxic specificity.
Transistor and circuit design for 100-200 GHz ICs (2005)

Compared to SiGe, InP HBTs offer superior electron transport but inferior scaling and parasitic reduction. Figures of merit for mixed-signal ICs are developed and HBT scaling laws for improved circuit speed are introduced. Device and circuit results are summarized, including 390 GHz f/sub /spl tau// / 500 GHz f/sub max/ DHBTs, 174 GHz amplifiers, and 150 GHz static frequency dividers. To compete with 100 nm SiGe processes, InP must be similarly scaled, and high process yields are imperative. We describe several process modules in development, including emitter regrowth, emitter-base dielectric sidewall processes, and a collector pedestal implant process.
Coevolution of the Spexin/Galanin/Kisspeptin Family: Spexin Activates Galanin Receptor Type II and III (2014)

The novel neuropeptide spexin (SPX) was discovered using bioinformatics. The function of this peptide is currently under investigation. Here, we identified SPX along with a second SPX gene (SPX2) in vertebrate genomes. Syntenic analysis and relocating SPXs and their neighbor genes on reconstructed vertebrate ancestral chromosomes revealed that SPXs reside in the near vicinity of the kisspeptin (KISS) and galanin (GAL) family genes on the chromosomes. Alignment of mature peptide sequences showed some extent of sequence similarity among the 3 peptide groups. Gene structure analysis indicated that SPX is more closely related to GAL than KISS. These results suggest that the SPX, GAL, and KISS genes arose through local duplications before 2 rounds (2R) of whole-genome duplication. Receptors of KISS and GAL (GAL receptor [GALR]) are phylogenetically closest among rhodopsin-like G protein-coupled receptors, and synteny revealed the presence of 3 distinct receptor families KISS receptor, GALR1, and GALR2/3 before 2R. A ligand-receptor interaction study showed that SPXs activate human, Xenopus, and zebrafish GALR2/3 family receptors but not GALR1, suggesting that SPXs are natural ligands for GALR2/3. Particularly, SPXs exhibited much higher potency toward GALR3 than GAL. Together, these results identify the coevolution of SPX/GAL/KISS ligand genes with their receptor genes. This study demonstrates the advantage of evolutionary genomics to explore the evolutionary relationship of a peptide gene family that arose before 2R by local duplications.
Ana o 3 sIgE testing increases the accuracy of cashew allergy diagnosis using a two‐step model (2021)

Ana o 3 sIgE testing provides higher diagnostic accuracy than cashew sIgE. Sequential measurement of cashew sIgE followed by Ana o 3 removed the need for a food challenge from 66% down to 12.8% (5-fold) of children compared with cashew sIgE testing alone.
Hemoglobin vesicles reduce hypoxia-related inflammation in critically ischemic hamster flap tissue (2007)

Our study suggests that in critically ischemic, hypoxic peripheral tissue, hypoxia-related inflammation may be reduced by a top-load infusion of HbV solutions. We attributed this effect to a restoration of tissue oxygenation and an increase in plasma viscosity, both of which may have resulted in attenuation of secondary microcirculatory impairments.
Two‐Dimensional Protein Crystals for Solar Energy Conversion (2014)

Two-dimensional photosynthetic protein crystals provide a high density of aligned reaction centers. We reconstitute the robust light harvesting protein Photosystem I into a 2D crystal with lipids and integrate the crystals into a photo-electrochemical device. A 4-fold photocurrent enhancement is measured by incorporating conjugated oligoelectrolytes to form a supporting conductive bilayer in the device which produces a high photocurrent of ∼600 μA per mg PSI deposited.
Abstract 1348: Optimizing experimental design for high-parameter protein analysis using BD AbSeq technology (2020)

Abstract High-throughput single cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) has recently emerged as a powerful tool for profiling complex cell populations. While traditional single cell RNA-seq captures information about transcript expression, recent technological advances using oligo-conjugated antibodies enable simultaneous detection of proteins alongside mRNA in high-throughput sequencing. This multiomic technology enables high parameter protein analysis that can simultaneously discriminate 100 protein markers. However, experiment workflow time and cost can escalate quickly with high plexy assays. To address these issues we investigated a number of methods to decrease cost and assay time while maintaining data quality using the BD® AbSeq on the BD Rhapsody™ Single-Cell Analysis sequencing system. To begin, we investigated the performance of 20 core proteins when used in a 20plex, 40plex, 60plex, 80plex, or 100plex in model cells. Results from 3 experiments showed that performance was maintained as plexy increased, however rigorous experimental approaches must be followed to minimize impact on specificity or sensitivity. After establishing performance of this 20plex we investigated pre-cocktailing of antibodies as a method to shorten the day-of-experiment workflow, and mixing of oligo-labeled and unlabeled antibodies to high-expressing proteins (“signal muting”) as a way to decrease sequencing costs. Results showed a decrease in specificity as soon as 24 hours after the cocktailing of antibodies and increasing non-specific binding with longer cocktail storage times. On the other hand, signal muting was effective at decreasing sequencing requirements by up to 70%, without impacting data for high expressors. Together these results can be used to aid in optimizing experimental design when working with high-plex AbSeq protein panels, to better harness the information gained from multiomic single cell sequencing data. For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.BD, the BD Logo, and Rhapsody are trademarks of Becton, Dickinson and Company or its affiliates. © 2019 BD. All rights reserved. Citation Format: Punya Narayan, Hye-Won Song, Margaret Nakamoto, Elisabeth Walczak, Katherine Lazaruk, Stefanie Mortimer. Optimizing experimental design for high-parameter protein analysis using BD AbSeq technology [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1348.
The synthesis of aromatic leukotriene analogues; regioselective trapping of 2,4′-dilithiophenylethyne (1987)

The 8,11 -bridged aromatic leukotriene B4 analogues (3), (4), and (5), in which conformational freedom is restricted, have been prepared by extremely short synthetic routes. Conditions are described which allow the regioselective electrophililic trapping of 2,4′-dilithiophenylethyne at the 4′-site. The application of this methodology to the preparation of LTB4 analogues (3) and (4) is discussed.
Matrix effects during analysis of plasma samples by electrospray and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry: practical approaches to their elimination (2003)

Some cases of occurrence of matrix effects (mostly ion suppression) in protein-precipitated plasma samples, and their influence on the validity of plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic parameters, are discussed. The comparison of matrix effects using either electrospray (TurboIonspray, TISP) or atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) indicated that APCI is less prone to matrix effects. Nevertheless, TISP is usually the first choice of ionization technique since unknown thermally labile metabolites might be present in the plasma samples causing erroneous results. A high impact of ion suppression on the plasma concentrations after intravenous (i.v.) administration was found, depending on the drug formulation (vehicle). Since ion suppression caused significantly lower plasma concentrations (by a factor of up to 5.5) after i.v. dosing, the area under the curve (AUC) was underestimated and the plasma clearance was consequently erroneously high, with an impact on drug candidate selection. By simple stepwise dilution (e.g. 10-fold and 50-fold) of the supernatant of protein-precipitated plasma samples, including all calibration and quality control samples, the matrix effects were recognized and eliminated.
Atmospheric and Sea Ice Conditions During the Sheba Year: Historical and Spatial Assessment (2003)

The Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) field project from 1997 to 1998 collected a suite of atmosphere, sea ice, and ocean data in order to improve our understanding of the surface energy and ice mass balances. Given the importance of the SHEBA field data, an assessment of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the SHEBA year is needed. Were atmospheric and sea ice conditions during SHEBA similar to climatology? Were data collected at or near the SHEBA field site representative of a larger spatial domain? The objectives of this paper are to examine the SHEBA year in regard to its historical and spatial context. Results show that atmospheric and sea ice conditions near the SHEBA field site were representative of a large spatial area, but not particularly representative of climatological values with the exception of sea level pressure.
STEADY STATE MULTIPLICITY ANALYSIS OF LUMPED-PARAMETER SYSTEMS DESCRIBED BY A SET OF ALGEBRAIC EQUATIONS (1985)

The mathematical models of many lumped-parameter chemically reacting systems consist of a set of algebraic equations which cannot be reduced explicitly to a single equation. We describe here the Liapunov-Schmidt procedure which reduces the prediction of the local multiplicity features of a system of algebraic equations to the analysis of the features of a single equation, even though the original set of equations cannot be reduced to a single equation. This reduction enables the systematic analysis of a class of problems which could not be handled previously. Several examples illustrate the application of this procedure. A special reduction procedure is presented for systems described by a set of polynomial equations. The reduction in these cases is easier to carry out and enables prediction of the global multiplicity features of the system.
Cross‐over: A generalizable phenomenon necessary for secondary intraneural ganglion cyst formation (2008)

The appearances of intraneural ganglion cysts are being elucidated. We previously introduced the cross-over phenomenon to explain how a fibular (peroneal) or tibial intraneural ganglion cyst arising from the superior tibiofibular joint could give rise to multiple cysts: cyst fluid ascending up the primarily affected nerve could reach the level of the sciatic nerve, fill its common epineurial sheath and spread circumferentially (cross over), at which time pressure fluxes could result in further ascent up the sciatic or descent down the same parent nerve or the opposite, previously unaffected fibular or tibial nerves. In this study, we hypothesized that cross-over could occur in other nerves, potentially leading to the formation of more than one intraneural ganglion cyst in such situations. We analyzed the literature and identified a single case that we could review where proximal extension of an intraneural ganglion cyst involving a nerve at a different site could theoretically undergo cross-over in another major nerve large enough for available magnetic resonance images to resolve this finding. A case of a suprascapular intraneural ganglion cyst previously reported by our group that arose from the glenohumeral joint and extended to the neck was reanalyzed for the presence or absence of cross-over. An injection of dye into the outer epineurium of the suprascapular nerve in a fresh cadaveric specimen was performed to test for cross-over experimentally. Retrospective review of this case of suprascapular intraneural ganglion cyst demonstrated evidence to support previously unrecognized cross-over at the level of the upper trunk, with predominant ascent up the C5 and the C6 nerve roots and subtle descent down the anterior and posterior divisions of the upper trunk as well as the proximal portion of the suprascapular nerve. This appearance gave rise to multiple interconnected intraneural ganglion cysts arising from a single distant connection to the glenohumeral joint. The injection study also demonstrated the cross-over phenomenon and produced a similar pattern as the cyst dissection. This article illustrates that cross-over can occur in another nerve (apart from the prototype fibular nerve). Furthermore, understanding the more complex anatomic nature of the upper trunk cross-over model provides insight into important mechanistic information regarding the bidirectional propagation patterns and formation of primary and secondary intraneural ganglion cysts not afforded by the previously described sciatic nerve cross-over model.
Expanding the genetic code of the human hematopoietic system (2020)

The genetic incorporation of noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) into proteins has been realized in bacteria, yeast, and mammalian cells, and recently, in multicellular organisms including plants and animals. However, the addition of new building blocks to the genetic code of tissues from human origin has not yet been achieved. To this end, we report a self-replicating Epstein-Barr virus-based episomal vector for the long-term encoding of ncAAs in human hematopoietic stem cells and reconstitution of this genetically engineered hematopoietic system in mice.
ChemInform Abstract: Radical C‐C Bond Formation by Photoinduced Electron Transfer Addition of α‐Silyl Carbamates to Acceptor‐Substituted Alkenes. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inter‐donor variability in deformability of red blood cells in blood units (2020)

Packed RBCs are generally supplied for transfusion by the FIFO criterion based on the assumption that the storage duration is a key factor of RBC quality. This study demonstrates that the deformability of red blood cells is significantly different in donors, and substantial variability persists throughout the entire process of their storage. Therefore, the FIFO criterion is not sufficient for assessing the RBC deformability, which should, therefore, be specifically characterised for each unit.
Role of Peroxisome Proliferator‐Activated Receptor Gamma and Its Ligands in the Treatment of Hematological Malignancies (2008)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a multifunctional transcription factor with important regulatory roles in inflammation, cellular growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. PPARgamma is expressed in a variety of immune cells as well as in numerous leukemias and lymphomas. Here, we review recent studies that provide new insights into the mechanisms by which PPARgamma ligands influence hematological malignant cell growth, differentiation, and survival. Understanding the diverse properties of PPARgamma ligands is crucial for the development of new therapeutic approaches for hematological malignancies.
Ionic liquid salt-induced inactivation and unfolding of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei (2003)

The potential for performing cellulase-catalyzed reactions on cellulose dissolved in 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([bmim]Cl) has been investigated. We have carried out a systematic study on the irreversible solvent and ionic strength-induced inactivation and unfolding of cellulase from Trichoderma reesei (E.C. #3.2.1.4). Experiments, varying both cellulase and IL solvent concentrations, have indicated that [bmim]Cl, and several other ILs, as well as dimethylacetamide–LiCl (a well-known solvent system for cellulose), inactivate cellulase under these conditions. Despite cellulase inactivity, results obtained from this study led to valuable insights into the requirements necessary for enzyme activity in IL systems. Enzyme stability was determined during urea, NaCl, and [bmim]Cl-induced denaturation observed through fluorescence spectroscopy. Protein stability of a PEG-supported cellulase in [bmim]Cl solution was investigated and increased stability/activity of the PEG-supported cellulase in both the [bmim]Cl and citrate buffer solutions were detected.