gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Catalyzed chain growth (CCG) on a main group metal: an efficient tool to functionalize polyethylene (2010)

The incorporation of functional groups at the end of polyolefin chains offers an opportunity to prepare polyolefin building blocks. The latter can be used to construct polymer architectures based on polyolefins with many desirable properties. For this purpose, the reactivity of the carbon-metal bond formed during a catalytic olefin polymerization process is particularly appealing. The possibility of taking advantage of this reactivity has indeed been enhanced by the discovery of systems in which fast and reversible chain transfer reactions between the active metal center and a main group metal centre are occurring. The recent developments of this catalyzed chain growth (CCG) concept are briefly reviewed. A specific system using a (C5Me5)2NdCl2Li(OEt2)2 complex in conjunction with n-butyloctylmagnesium is then employed to synthesize an array of end functional polyethylene chains. The potential of these building blocks to build up new macromolecular architectures is discussed.
How to apply importance-sampling techniques to simulations of optical systems (2003)

This report contains a tutorial introduction to the method of importance sampling. The use of this method is illustrated for simulations of the noise-induced energy jitter of return-to-zero pulses in optical communication systems.
Heads Up—Flashing Ahead (2018)

A survey of design and construction practices of window and door installations is presented after 17 years of ASTM E2112 Standard Practice for Installation of Exterior Windows, Doors, and Skylights. It has been and continues to be the nationally recognized, consensus reference. Design professionals and construction industry leaders have the opportunity to avoid liability for leaky buildings following sound (but often ignored) drainage principles, avoiding common design mistakes, and including simple but basic specification requirements. This focus on window and door opening head flashing options will illustrate critical conditions and provide examples for detailed solutions to avoid moisture infiltration problems in frame buildings. Examples of various sheet metal head flashings will be used to show design principles, detailing recommendations and specification criteria for fenestration installations with different water resistive barriers and cladding types.
<title>Investigations on excimer-laser-treated Cu/Cr contact materials</title> (1991)

In advanced contact materials one aim in processing is the reduction or even substitution of precious metals. However, newly developed materials have to exhibit excellent corrosion resistance and good electrical conductivity as well as mechanical stability, especially if abrasive wear loaded contacts are concerned. One strategy is the total substitution of precious metals by non-noble metals such as copper and its conventional alloys. Such materials, however, suffer from their poor mechanical properties. Chromium would be a candidate for an unusual alloying element that may help to overcome these weaknesses, but unfortunately Cr does not mix with Cu by standard metallurgy. For low current contacts a surface layer of a mixed material might be sufficient, and powder metallurgical routes are therefore inefficient and hence inadequate. The excimer laser is an excellent tool to produce the required thin films by surface alloying. This is possible due to its short wavelength and short pulse duration. The present investigations were carried out in order to understand the phenomenon of laser surface alloying using excimer laser irradiation. To achieve technical relevance, the system Cu/Cr was chosen. The irradiations were monitored using difference reflectometry, to check whether alloying occurred at all and to what degree. Structural details of the produced layers were investigated using a diffractometer with glazing incidence. To obtain quantitative information about depth and stoichiometry of the alloyed layer, sputtering AES was applied.
MMC01-4: Algorithms for Server Placement in Multiple-Description-Based Media Streaming (2006)

Multiple description coding (MDC) has emerged as a powerful technique for reliable real-time communications over lossy packet networks. In its basic form, it involves encoding media into m substreams that are routed independently towards a given destination. Each substream can be decoded independently and with every successful reception of a substream, the overall quality of the decoded signal is improved. In this paper, we consider the problem of placing a set of servers in the network such that a desired QoS can be provided to a community of clients that request MDC coded traffic. Specifically, we consider the server placement (SP) problem where the goal is to identify the "optimal" server positions and associated set of client-server paths such that if MDC content is placed at these servers a cost function that is a linear combination of average delay and path disjointness is minimized. We propose an MILP formulation and a highly efficient heuristic to solve the SP problem. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed algorithm and compare it with the optimal solution obtained by using the MILP solution.
Using Multiple Input, Multiple Output Formal Control to Maximize Resource Efficiency in Architectures (2016)

As processors seek more resource efficiency, they increasingly need to target multiple goals at the same time, such as a level of performance, power consumption, and average utilization. Robust control solutions cannot come from heuristic-based controllers or even from formal approaches that combine multiple single-parameter controllers. Such controllers may end-up working against each other. What is needed is control-theoretical MIMO (multiple input, multiple output) controllers, which actuate on multiple inputs and control multiple outputs in a coordinated manner. In this paper, we use MIMO control-theory techniques to develop controllers to dynamically tune architectural parameters in processors. To our knowledge, this is the first work in this area. We discuss three ways in which a MIMO controller can be used. We develop an example of MIMO controller and show that it is substantially more effective than controllers based on heuristics or built by combining single-parameter formal controllers. The general approach discussed here is likely to be increasingly relevant as future processors become more resource-constrained and adaptive.
Demo (2016)

Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) embedded in commercial mobile devices are a good choice for continuous monitoring in healthcare domain due to their attractive form factor and low power consumption. We present improved and accurate sensing algorithms to sense basic events like step count, stride length, fall, and calorie, with accuracies better than those of existing arts. The events can be directed to a server running event analytics, yielding important cues about subject's health. One of the important spheres is elderly health- care where such a system might promote a better insight to the subject's health parameters.
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF POLYMERS AS PROTECTING GROUPS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS, PREPARATION OF PARTIALLY SUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF D‐GLUCOSE (1975)

Abstract Methyl‐a‐D‐glucopyranosid (II) kondensiert mit dem Harz (I), das Vinylbenzaldehydeinheiten enthält, in siedendem Dioxan in Gegenwart von p‐Toluolsulfonsäure zur polymeren Verbindung (III).
Activating mTOR Mutations in a Patient with an Extraordinary Response on a Phase I Trial of Everolimus and Pazopanib (2014)

Understanding the genetic mechanisms of sensitivity to targeted anticancer therapies may improve patient selection, response to therapy, and rational treatment designs. One approach to increase this understanding involves detailed studies of exceptional responders: rare patients with unexpected exquisite sensitivity or durable responses to therapy. We identified an exceptional responder in a phase I study of pazopanib and everolimus in advanced solid tumors. Whole-exome sequencing of a patient with a 14-month complete response on this trial revealed two concurrent mutations in mTOR, the target of everolimus. In vitro experiments demonstrate that both mutations are activating, suggesting a biologic mechanism for exquisite sensitivity to everolimus in this patient. The use of precision (or "personalized") medicine approaches to screen patients with cancer for alterations in the mTOR pathway may help to identify subsets of patients who may benefit from targeted therapies directed against mTOR.
New symmetrical quinazoline derivatives selectively induce apoptosis in human cancer cells (2006)

In the search of new symmetrical derivatives with anticancer activity, we have looked for novel compounds able to induce a selective proapoptotic mechanism in cancer cells. The potential antitumoral activity of several quinazoline derivatives was evaluated in vitro examining their cytotoxic effects against human breast, colon and bladder cancer cell lines. The IC(50) value of the compounds that showed cytotoxic activity was calculated. These compounds were tested for their ability to induce caspase-3 activation and nuclear chromatin degradation. Non-tumoral human cell lines were used to test the selectivity of the cytotoxic compounds against cancer cells. Several compounds showed no cytotoxicity in these cell lines. Finally, JRF12 (2,4-dibenzylaminoquinazoline) was chosen as the best candidate and its mechanism of action was studied in more detail. A time dependent evaluation of apoptosis was performed in the three cancer cell lines, followed by an evaluation of the cell cycle regulation involvement that showed a decrease of cells in G(1) phase and increase of cells in G(2) phase before cell death. 2,4-dibenzylaminoquinazoline treatment produces few changes in the expression of genes as evaluated by using oligonucleotide microarrays and Q-RT-PCR assays. In conclusion, 2,4-dibenzylaminoquinazoline is a promising anticancer drug showing cytostatic and apoptotic effects mainly in a transcription independent manner.
Presence of capsular locus genes in immunochemically identified encapsulated and unencapsulated Streptococcus pneumoniae sputum isolates obtained from elderly patients with acute lower respiratory tract infection (2010)

The principal virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae is capsular polysaccharide, and encapsulated pneumococci are more common causes of disease than unencapsulated strains. This study analysed the presence of capsular genes in 59 pneumococcal isolates using two PCR methods targeted at the cpsA and cpsB genes of the capsular biosynthesis locus. The PCR method targeted at the cpsB gene, reported to be essential for encapsulation, was developed in this study. Of 59 pneumococcal isolates, 49 (83 %) were obtained from the sputum samples of elderly patients (≥65 years) with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and 10 (17 %) were from those with other acute lower respiratory tract infections (ARIs). Forty (82 %) of the CAP isolates and two (20 %) of the ARI isolates were encapsulated, as assessed by conventional immunochemical methods. Forty-one (98 %) of the 42 encapsulated strains had the cpsB gene present, and in 38 strains the cpsA gene was also detected. One of the unencapsulated isolates gave a positive result for the cpsB gene, and neither of the capsular locus genes were present in all the other unencapsulated strains. The distribution of encapsulated and unencapsulated isolates differed significantly between the two patient groups regardless of whether the presence of capsule was determined immunochemically (P<0.001) or by cpsB PCR (P=0.002). The cpsB PCR developed here was found to be a rapid and reliable method to detect the pneumococcal capsule locus and may have potential in sputum diagnostics when investigating the pneumococcal aetiology of CAP.
Regulation of tumor immunity: the role of NKT cells (2008)

Manipulation of the balance among those subsets may provide new modes of intervention for tumor immunotherapy.
Synchronization of Electro-Optically Modulated Kerr Soliton to a Chip-Scale Mode-Locked Laser PIC via Regenerative Harmonic Injection Locking (2021)

An InP-based mode-locked laser photonic integrated circuit with a repetition rate of 10 GHz is optically synchronized to a SiN microresonator-based dissipative Kerr soliton with a repetition rate of 305 GHz. The synchronization is achieved through regenerative harmonic injection locking assisted with electro-optic division which results in an optical frequency division factor of 18. The repetition rate of the dissipative Kerr soliton is stabilized through electro-optic division and transferred to the mode-locked laser, where we measure a fractional frequency instability in the repetition rate of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-10}$</tex-math></inline-formula> at 1 s with a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1/\tau$</tex-math></inline-formula> trend. Furthermore, we also stabilize the repetition rate of the dissipative Kerr soliton using the mode-locked laser’s repetition rate beat as a feedback point.
Negative curvature-promoting lipids instruct nuclear ingression of low autophagic potential vacuoles (2021)

Abstract Membrane contact sites are functional nodes at which organelles exchange information through moving ions, proteins and lipids, thus driving the reorganization of metabolic pathways and the adaptation to changing cues. The nuclear-vacuole junction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is among the most extensive and better-known organelle contact sites, described to expand in response to various metabolic stresses. While using genotoxins with unrelated purposes, we serendipitously discovered a phenomenon that we describe as the most extreme and intimate contact ever reported between nuclei and vacuoles: the vacuole becomes completely internalized in the nucleus. We define lipids supporting negative curvature, such as phosphatidic acid and sterols, as bona-fide drivers of this event. Functionally, we purport that internalized vacuoles are low efficiency ones whose removal from the cytoplasm optimizes cargo interaction with functional vacuoles. Thus, our findings also point to nucleus-vacuole interactions as important for metabolic adaptation. Yet, rather than by inter-organelle exchanges, the underlying mechanism literally concurs with vacuolar sequestration.
Monolithic InP Multiwavelength Coherent Receiver Using a Chirped Arrayed Waveguide Grating (2010)

We propose and demonstrate a novel four-channel monolithic polarization-diversity dual-quadrature coherent receiver with balanced detection in InP. It uses an interleave-chirped arrayed waveguide grating that acts simultaneously as a demultiplexer, four polarization splitters, and four 90° hybrids. There are no waveguide crossings, and the polarization extinction ratio is >;21 dB and the hybrid phase error magnitude is <; 1° without any post-fabrication adjustments. We demonstrate 4×43-Gb/s reception.
Identification of novel bovine RPE and retinal genes by subtractive hybridization. (2002)

Genes that are specifically or predominantly expressed in the RPE/retina are likely to be important for retinal function. We have identified novel cDNAs from bovine RPE and retina by subtractive hybridization. These cDNAs can be used as starting material for the identification of corresponding human genes expressed in the RPE and retina. The human genes thus identified are likely to contain good candidate genes for retinal disease.
Supporting HPC Analytics Applications with Access Patterns Using Data Restructuring and Data-Centric Scheduling Techniques in MapReduce (2012)

Current High Performance Computing (HPC) applications have seen an explosive growth in the size of data in recent years. Many application scientists have initiated efforts to integrate data-intensive computing into computational-intensive HPC facilities, particularly for data analytics. We have observed several scientific applications which must migrate their data from an HPC storage system to a data-intensive one for analytics. There is a gap between the data semantics of HPC storage and data-intensive system, hence, once migrated, the data must be further refined and reorganized. This reorganization must be performed before existing data-intensive tools such as MapReduce can be used to analyze data. This reorganization requires at least two complete scans through the data set and then at least one MapReduce program to prepare the data before analyzing it. Running multiple MapReduce phases causes significant overhead for the application, in the form of excessive I/O operations. That is for every MapReduce phase, a distributed read and write operation on the file system must be performed. Our contribution is to develop a MapReduce-based framework for HPC analytics to eliminate the multiple scans and also reduce the number of data preprocessing MapReduce programs. We also implement a data-centric scheduler to further improve the performance of HPC analytics MapReduce programs by maintaining the data locality. We have added additional expressiveness to the MapReduce language to allow application scientists to specify the logical semantics of their data such that 1) the data can be analyzed without running multiple data preprocessing MapReduce programs, and 2) the data can be simultaneously reorganized as it is migrated to the data-intensive file system. Using our augmented Map-Reduce system, MapReduce with Access Patterns (MRAP), we have demonstrated up to 33 percent throughput improvement in one real application, and up to 70 percent in an I/O kernel of another application. Our results for scheduling show up to 49 percent improvement for an I/O kernel of a prevalent HPC analysis application.
The selective poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1(2) inhibitor, CEP-8983, increases the sensitivity of chemoresistant tumor cells to temozolomide and irinotecan but does not potentiate myelotoxicity (2007)

The effect of the potent and selective poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymerase-1 [and PAR polymerase-2] inhibitor CEP-8983 on the ability to sensitize chemoresistant glioblastoma (RG2), rhabdomyosarcoma (RH18), neuroblastoma (NB1691), and colon carcinoma (HT29) tumor cells to temozolomide- and camptothecin-induced cytotoxicity, DNA damage, and G(2)-M arrest and on the potentiation of chemotherapy-induced myelotoxicity was evaluated using in vitro assays. In addition, the effect of the prodrug CEP-9722 in combination with temozolomide and/or irinotecan on PAR accumulation and tumor growth was also determined using glioblastoma and/or colon carcinoma xenografts relative to chemotherapy alone. CEP-8983 sensitized carcinoma cells to the growth-inhibitory effects of temozolomide and/or SN38 increased the fraction of and/or lengthened duration of time tumor cells accumulated in chemotherapy-induced G(2)-M arrest and sensitized tumor cells to chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. A granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming unit colony formation assay showed that coincubation of CEP-8983 with temozolomide or topotecan did not potentiate chemotherapy-associated myelotoxicity. CEP-9722 (136 mg/kg) administered with temozolomide (68 mg/kg for 5 days) or irinotecan (10 mg/kg for 5 days) inhibited significantly the growth of RG2 tumors (60%) or HT29 tumors (80%) compared with temozolomide or irinotecan monotherapy, respectively. In addition, CEP-9722 showed "stand alone" antitumor efficacy in these preclinical xenografts. In vivo biochemical efficacy studies showed that CEP-9722 attenuated PAR accumulation in glioma xenografts in a dose- and time-related manner. These data indicate that CEP-8983 and its prodrug are effective chemosensitizing agents when administered in combination with select chemotherapeutic agents against chemoresistant tumors.
Recombinant CD4- Pseudomonas Exotoxin Hybrid Protein Displays HIV-Specific Cytotoxicity without Affecting MHC Class II-Dependent Functions (1990)

The present study describes several in vitro activities of CD4(178)-PE40, a recombinant protein containing a portion of human CD4 linked to active regions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A. Using assays for cell viability, we demonstrate that the hybrid toxin displays highly selective cytotoxicity for HIV-infected T lymphocytes. In a latently infected human T-cell line which is inducible for HIV expression, toxin sensitivity is observed only upon virus induction. At concentrations which readily kill HIV-infected T cells, CD4(178)-PE40 has no observable cytotoxic effects on uninfected human cell lines expressing surface major histocompatibility complex (MHC) Class II molecules, and does not interfere with cellular responses known to be dependent on functional association between CD4 and MHC Class II molecules.
Inhibition of Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphatase Reduces Excessive Endogenous Glucose Production and Attenuates Hyperglycemia in Zucker Diabetic Fatty Rats (2006)

Gluconeogenesis is increased in type 2 diabetes and contributes significantly to fasting and postprandial hyperglycemia. We recently reported the discovery of the first potent and selective inhibitors of fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase), a rate-controlling enzyme of gluconeogenesis. Herein we describe acute and chronic effects of the lead inhibitor, MB06322 (CS-917), in rodent models of type 2 diabetes. In fasting male ZDF rats with overt diabetes, a single dose of MB06322 inhibited gluconeogenesis by 70% and overall endogenous glucose production by 46%, leading to a reduction in blood glucose of >200 mg/dl. Chronic treatment of freely feeding 6-week-old male Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats delayed the development of hyperglycemia and preserved pancreatic function. Elevation of lactate ( approximately 1.5-fold) occurred after 4 weeks of treatment, as did the apparent shunting of precursors into triglycerides. Profound glucose lowering ( approximately 44%) and similar metabolic ramifications were associated with 2-week intervention therapy of 10-week-old male ZDF rats. In high-fat diet-fed female ZDF rats, MB06322 treatment for 2 weeks fully attenuated hyperglycemia without evidence of metabolic perturbation other than a modest reduction in glycogen stores ( approximately 20%). The studies confirm that excessive gluconeogenesis plays an integral role in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and suggest that FBPase inhibitors may provide a future treatment option.
Influence of Age, Race, Sex, and Body Mass Index on Interpretation of Midregional Pro Atrial Natriuretic Peptide for the Diagnosis of Acute Heart Failure: Results from the BACH Multinational Study (2011)

Age, race, sex, and BMI affect MR-proANP levels to various degrees. However, the diagnostic performance of the recommended cut-off point of 120 pmol/L to rule out acute HF was robust across most subgroups. Although both sex and BMI affected MR-proANP levels, they did not alter its overall diagnostic performance. Lower cut-off points for MR-proANP could be considered in younger patients and in patients with a higher BMI, to optimize diagnostic sensitivity.