gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beyond the Cranium: Ancestry Estimation from the Lower Limb (2014)

Ancestry estimation is oen one of the most challenging aspects of assembling a biological prole. Typically, this task is accomplished by weighing the information obtained from nonmetric skull traits and cranial measurements. Craniometric analysis is usually performed with a soware package such as FORDISC 3.0 (Ousley and Jantz 2005). In some instances, this works out neatly, and the metric and nonmetric traits give the same result. In other instances, however, metric and nonmetric traits give conicting results. In these cases it is useful to look to other areas of the skeleton for clues, and the femur is typically the next logical choice because several studies have documented ancestry dierences in femoral geometry (Stewart 1962; Gilbert 1976; DiBennardo and Taylor 1982; Craig 1995; Trudell 1999; Gill 2001). In addition, limited literature is available on the pelvis (DiBennardo and Taylor 1983; Iscan 1983; Taylor and DiBennardo 1984; eobald et al. 1998) and, to a lesser extent, the tibia (Farrally and Moore 1975). Nonetheless, standards for modern populations are scarce. In light of documented secular increases in stature and long bone lengths (Jantz and Jantz 1999) and the increasing prevalence of mixed-ancestry individuals in the American population, this chapter will explore ancestry dierences in the leg using aIntroduction 133 Materials and Methods 136Data Acquisition 136 Atlas Creation and Validation 136 Morphological Shape Analysis 138 Automated Measurements 139 Distal Femur Measurements 139 Proximal Femur Measurements 142 Tibia Measurements 143 Statistical Analyses: t-Tests, Power Tests, and Linear Discriminant Analysis 144Results 144 Femur 144 Tibia 146 Combined 148Discussion 149 References 151modern skeletal population and innovative three-dimensional (3D) bone modeling from computed tomography (CT) scans of femora and tibiae. One unique aspect of this study is that it combines insight of femoral and tibial geometry from anthropology and biomedical engineering to conduct a comprehensive analysis of lower limb morphology. As a result, some of the measurements may be unfamiliar to the anthropological audience. Nonetheless, many of these measurements provide meaningful information and discriminatory power. In order to render the results useful to forensic anthropologists who do not have access to CT scanners and image soware, several discriminant models are provided using measurements that can be obtained easily with calipers and an osteometric board.
Long-Term Outcome of Fulminant Myocarditis as Compared with Acute (Nonfulminant) Myocarditis (2000)

Fulminant myocarditis is a distinct clinical entity with an excellent long-term prognosis. Aggressive hemodynamic support is warranted for patients with this condition.
Causal Inference When Counterfactuals Depend on the Proportion of All Subjects Exposed (2017)

The assumption that no subject's exposure affects another subject's outcome, known as the no-interference assumption, has long held a foundational position in the study of causal inference. However, this assumption may be violated in many settings, and in recent years has been relaxed considerably. Often this has been achieved with either the aid of a known underlying network, or the assumption that the population can be partitioned into separate groups, between which there is no interference, and within which each subject's outcome may be affected by all the other subjects in the group via the proportion exposed (the stratified interference assumption). In this paper, we instead consider a complete interference setting, in which each subject affects every other subject's outcome. In particular, we make the stratified interference assumption for a single group consisting of the entire sample. This can occur when the exposure is a shared resource whose efficacy is modified by the number of subjects among whom it is shared. We show that a targeted maximum likelihood estimator for the i.i.d.~setting can be used to estimate a class of causal parameters that includes direct effects and overall effects under certain interventions. This estimator remains doubly-robust, semiparametric efficient, and continues to allow for incorporation of machine learning under our model. We conduct a simulation study, and present results from a data application where we study the effect of a nurse-based triage system on the outcomes of patients receiving HIV care in Kenyan health clinics.
Increased Islet Cell Proliferation, Decreased Apoptosis, and Greater Vascularization Leading to β-Cell Hyperplasia in Mutant Mice Lacking Insulin (2002)

The targeted disruption of the two nonallelic insulin genes in mouse was reported previously to result in intrauterine growth retardation, severe diabetes immediately after suckling, and death within 48 h of birth. We have further used these animals to investigate the morphology and cell biology of the endocrine pancreas in late gestation and at birth when insulin is absent throughout development. Pancreatic beta-cells were identified by detecting the activity of the LacZ gene inserted at the Ins2 locus. A significant increase in the mean area of the islets was found at embryonic d 18.5 (E18.5) and in the newborn in Ins1-/-, Ins2-/- animals compared with Ins1-/-, Ins2+/- and wild-type controls, whereas the blood glucose levels were unaltered. The individual size of the beta-cells in the insulin-deficient fetuses was similar to controls, suggesting that the relative increase in islet size was due to an increase in cell number. Immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen within the pancreatic ductal epithelium showed no differences in labeling index between insulin-deficient and control mice, and no change in the number of beta-cells associated with ducts, but the relative size distribution of the islets was altered so that fewer islets under 5,000 microm(2) and more islets greater than 10,000 microm(2) were present in Ins1-/-, Ins2-/- animals. This suggests that the greater mean islet size seen in insulin-deficient animals represented an enlargement of formed islets and was not associated with an increase in islet neogenesis. The proportional contribution of alpha- and beta-cells to the islets was not altered. This was supported by an increase in the number of cells containing immunoreactive proliferating cell nuclear antigen in both islet alpha- and beta-cells at E18.5 in insulin-deficient mice, and a significantly lower incidence of apoptotic cells, as determined by molecular histochemistry using the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling reaction. The density of blood vessels within sections of whole pancreas, or within islets, was determined by immunohistochemistry for the endothelial cell marker CD31 and was found to be increased 2-fold in insulin-deficient mice compared with controls at E18.5. However, no changes were found in the steady-state expression of mRNAs encoding vascular endothelial growth factor, its receptor Flk-1, IGF-I or -II, the IGF-I and insulin receptors, or insulin receptor substrates-1 or -2 in pancreata from Ins1-/-, Ins2-/- mice compared with Ins1-/-, Ins2+/- controls. Thus, we conclude that the relative hyperplasia of the islets in late gestation in the insulin-deficient mice was due to an increased islet cell proliferation coupled with a reduced apoptosis, which may be related to an increased vascularization of the pancreas.
Structure of Interfacial Water on Fluorapatite (100) Surface (2008)

The structure relaxation mechanism of the fluorapatite (100) surface under completely hydrated ambient conditions has been investigated with the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) technique. Detailed information on lateral as well as perpendicular ordering corresponding to the water molecules and atomic relaxations of the (100) surface of fluorapatite (FAp) crystal was obtained from the experimental analysis of the CTR intensities. Two laterally ordered water layers are present at the water/mineral interface. The first layer consists of four water molecules located at 1.6(1) A above the relaxed fluorapatite (100) surface while the second shows the presence of only two water molecules at a distance of 3.18(10) A from the mineral surface. Thus, the first layer water molecules complete the truncated coordination sites of the topmost surface Ca atoms, while the second water layer molecules remain bonded by means of H-bonding to the first layer molecules and the surface phosphate groups. Molecular mechanics simulations using force field techniques are in good agreement with this general structural behavior determined from the experiment.
Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of Andrographis Paniculata Extract (HMPL-004) in Patients with Moderately Active Crohnʼs Disease (2010)

Purpose: HMPL-004 is an extract of the herb Andrographis Paniculata, which inhibits pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB. We evaluated HMPL-004 for Crohn's Disease (CD). Methods: Patients with moderate CD (CDAI 220-400 + CRP > upper limit of normal) despite stable doses of concomitant medications were randomized to oral HMPL-004, 1200 mg/day or placebo for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was clinical response-100 (CDAI reduction of 100 points) at 8 weeks. Secondary endpoints included response- 70 and remission (CDAI <150 points). Missing data were handled by worst observation carried forward. Results: One hundred and one patients were enrolled at 26 sites in the US and Ukraine (HMPL-004 n=51 and placebo n=50). At week 8 the clinical response-100 rates in the HMPL-004 and placebo groups were 37.3% and 22% (p=0.087), respectively. The corresponding response-70 and remission rates were 49% and 32% (p=0.061) and 29.4% and 14% (p=0.069), respectively. The mean baseline CRP was 23.5 mg/L in the HMPL-004 group and decreased 11.8 mg/L at week 8 (p=0.004). The mean baseline CRP was 14.2 mg/L in the placebo group and decreased to 10.0 mg/L at week 8 (p=0.008). The mean change in CRP from baseline to week 8 was 11.7 mg/L in the HMPL-004 group and 4.2 mg/L in the placebo group (p=0.068). Thirty-three of 51 (64%) patients in the HMPL-004 group and 28 of 50 (56%) patients in the placebo group reported adverse events (AEs), of which none were considered probably or definitely related to study medication. There was an increase in skin rash and slight increase in bronchitis and urinary tract infections in the HMPL-004 group. Two of 51 (4%) patients in the HMPL-004 group developed serious AEs (SAEs), both were related to CD exacerbation. Four of 50 (8%) patients in the placebo group developed SAEs, 3 were related to CD exacerbation and 1 patient developed lung cancer. Conclusion: Patients with moderately active CD treated with Andrographis Paniculata extract (HMPL-004) 1200 mg/day had numerically greater rates of clinical response -100, response-70 and remission and a numerically greater reduction from baseline in mean CRP concentration as compared with placebo, but these numeric trends did not reach statistical significance. A dose ranging study of HMPL-004 for active ulcerative colitis demonstrated significant efficacy for induction of response, remission, and mucosal healing for an 1800 mg/day dose but not a 1200 mg/day dose. An additional trial to investigate the safety and efficacy of higher doses of HMPL-004 in CD is planned. Disclosure: Dr Sandborn - Consultant: Hutchison MediPharma, Ltd. Dr Targan - Consultant: Hutchison MediPharma, Ltd. Dr Byers - Consultant: Hutchison MediPharma Ltd. Dr Tang - Employee: Hutchison MediPharma Ltd. This research was supported by an industry grant from Hutchison MediPharma Ltd.
Influence of excitation waveform and oscillator geometry on the resonant pull-in of capacitive MEMS oscillators (2013)

International audience
Glial and endothelial blood-retinal barrier responses to amyloid-&beta; in the neural retina of the rat (2008)

The effects of an intravitreal or subretinal injection of soluble or aggregated forms of Abeta(1-42) on retinal nestin-immunoreactivity (-IR) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-IR in astrocytes and Müller glial cells and the integrity of the blood-retinal barrier (BRB) were tested in the in vivo rat vitreal-retinal model. Retinas were exposed for 1, 2, 3, 5 or 30 days. We present novel data demonstrating that aggregated Abeta(1-42) up-regulates nestin-IR in astrocytes and Müller cells, with a graded response directly related to the length of pre-injection aggregation time. Similar results were obtained with GFAP-IR, but the signal was weaker. An intravitreal injection of aggregated Abeta(1-42) led to VEGF-IR up-regulation, particularly in the GCL and to a lesser extent in the INL. VEGFR1-IR (Flt1) was also increased, particularly in Müller cells and this was accompanied by marked leakage of albumin into the retinal parenchyma of the injected eye, but not in the contralateral eye.
Space-time block coded-transmit/receive diversity (2006)

Antenna diversity is an effective technique for improving the transmission performance in a multi-path fading channel. Recently, transmit diversity has been attracting much attention since it can alleviate the complexity problem of the mobile terminal. However, by distributing antennas between the transmitter and receiver, similar performance improvement can be achieved to the case of implementing all antennas only at the transmitter or receiver side. In this paper, we propose a spacetime block coded-transmit/receive diversity (STBC-TRD), which requires the channel state information (CSI) only at the transmitter side. Unlike STTD, STBC-TRD can use arbitrary number of transmit antennas, while the number of receive antennas is limited to 4. STBC-TRD achieves a larger diversity gain than joint STTD and receive antenna diversity. The performance improvement of STBC-TRD is confirmed by computer simulation. Keywords-component;Antenna diversity, space-time block coding, time-division duplex
Wall-dependent etching characteristics of organic antireflection coating in O2+halogen/hydrogen halide plasma (2001)

Process instability in plasma etching of organic bottom-antireflection coating (BARC) using the plasma of O2 mixed with halogen (Cl2) or hydrogen halide (HBr, HCl) has been studied. From a series of process tests performed on a high density plasma etcher, the process instability has been found to be chamber-wall related as the BARC etch rate and critical-dimension bias shift when chamber coating changes. The process sensitivity to the chamber wall condition depends on the type of halogen-containing additive used and the O2 percentage in the total gas feed. Through plasma diagnostics, the root cause of the process shift has been identified as the variation in the surface recombination rate of reactive free radicals with chamber wall condition. The recombination of O radicals to form O2 is faster on alumina/anodized aluminum than on silicon oxide so that the O radical density becomes lower in the bulk plasma. The enhanced competing surface recombination of O and H radicals when HBr or HCl is used further lowers the O density, leading to a more significant process shift. Approaches to improve the process stability and performance consistency have been discussed.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Tetraphenylborate Doped Polypyrrole and Its Applications in Designing a Novel Zinc and Potassium Ion Sensor (2002)

The electrochemical synthesis of tetraphenylborate (TPB) ion doped polypyrrole is reported. The electrochemical polymerization of ion exchanger doped polypyrrole is carried out in dry acetonitrile. The polypyrrole synthesized under present conditions is characterized by scanning electron microscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The applications of new ion exchanger doped polypyrrole in the development of solid-state ion sensors are reported. The ion sensing properties and construction of new conducting polymer based Zn++ ion and potassium ion sensors are described. The Zn++ ion sensor is developed by TPB doped polymer modified electrode itself whereas K+ ion sensor is developed by laying down of another layer of dibenzo-18-crown-6 impregnated plasticized Polyvinylchloride (PVC) matrix membrane. The response curve on Zn++ ion sensing with and without polymer layer is also studied and reported. An effort on selective sensing of Zn++ ion is also made and the data on Ni++, Co++, Pb++, and Mg++ ions are reported using polymer modified electrode. Similarly the effect of Na+ and NH ions on the response of K+ ion sensing is also reported. The contribution of tetraphenylborate in designing these ions sensors are discussed.
Preparation of STM tips for in‐situ characterization of electrode surfaces (1988)

SUMMARY The total current between the tip and the sample in a scanning tunnelling microscopy study of a solid/liquid interface can be dominated by Faradaic charge transfer currents. In such a situation, feedback control of the tunnelling gap, and imaging, is precluded. In this contribution we describe the preparation of glass and polymer coated STM tips that possess &lt; 100 Å 2 of exposed metal. These tips effectively discriminate against Faradaic current and enable STM imaging in the presence of reversible electroactive solution species at appreciable tip/sample biases.
Synthesis and characterization of new cardo polyesters (1997)

New phthalide-containing bisphenols, phenolphthalein-N-(3-methylanilide) (3-PMA), and phenolphthalein-N-(4-methylanilide) (4-PMA), were synthesized from phenolphthalein and m- and p-toluidines. These bisphenols were polycondensed with terephthaloyl chloride (TPC) using an interfacial or solution polymerization technique to yield new polyesters. Copolymers were also obtained by utilizing different molar proportion of phenolphthalein (PPH) and 3-PMA or 4-PMA with TPC. The polymers prepared by solution polymerization were obtained in 93–99% yields and showed reduced viscosities in the range 0.37–0.83 dL/g. They were readily soluble in chlorinated hydrocarbons and aprotic polar solvents. The polyesters showed glass transition temperatures in the range 261–300°C as measured by DSC. Thermogravimetric analysis of the polyesters indicated no weight loss below 408°C under N2 atmosphere. Structure–property correlations among these cardo polyesters have been discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 3227–3234, 1997
Development of the Distal Femoral Epiphysis: A Microscopic Morphological Investigation of the Zone of Ranvier (1984)

The distal femoral epiphysis, physis, and contiguous metaphysis were examined radiographically, morphologically, and histologically in 97 human specimens ranging in age from 9 prenatal weeks to 16 postnatal years. The earliest development of the femoral anlage was characterized by patterns of appositional and interstitial chondrogenesis throughout its entire structure. Once central endochondral ossification began, chondrogenic interstitial and appositional growth became regionally restricted to the femoral epiphyses. Interstitial chondrogenesis became limited to the germinal region of the developing physis, and appositional chondrogenesis was restricted to the region of loosely packed cells of the perichondrial ossification zone of Ranvier. Appositional chondrogenesis within the perichondrium appears to make its greatest contribution to transverse expansion of the distal femoral epiphysis during the first 5 months of gestation. After the sixth month of gestation, the perichondrial appositional growth contribution appears to decline steadily.
Aberration sensitivity control for the isolation layer in low-k1 DRAM process (2002)

One of the crucial factors to take mostly into account the development and production of 130 nm node in low k1 DRAM process is the lens aberration sensitivity control of optical lithographic tools. To meet the required specification these impact of lens aberration resulting from reducing process window caused by pattern deformation, CD uniformity, CD asymmetry, and pattern shift etc. should be understood and considered. In this study, we mainly focused on the aberration sensitivity control for the DRAM isolation layer that is very sensitive to odd components such as coma and three-foil etc. There are a few methods to do this, but the application of extreme sigma setting that is the powerful manner to improvement of asymmetric pattern and layout rotation were examined. It was confirmed that the simulated image and real patterning results for left-right CD difference came from aberrated lens are well matched. In addition, why is the extreme sigma setting more effective than standard settings was investigated with analysis of diffraction patterns on pupil filling of projection lens optics combined with Zernike coefficients phase map.
Westmere: A family of 32nm IA processors (2010)

Westmere is a family of next-generation IA processors for mobile, desktop and server segments on a second-generation high-¿ metalgate 32 nm process offering increased core count, cache size, and frequency within same power envelope as the previous generation with further improvements in power efficiency, rich set of new features, and support for low-voltage DDR3.
<title>High-finesse holographic Fabry-Perot filters</title> (1995)

We report the results of the experimental studies on the fabrication of Fabry-Perot filters using holographic methods. High finesse holographic Fabry-Perot (HFP) filters can be fabricated using low quality substrates and commercially available volume holographic recording materials. Several large aperture samples of HFP filters were successfully fabricated using glass and plastic (mylar) spacers of thickness ranging from 5 micrometers to 6.6 cm. The finesse of these HFP samples was sufficiently high (approximately equals 30) and limited only by the absorption of the presently available holographic materials.
Unattended Trapping of Whiteflies Driven out of Tomato Plants onto a Yellow-Colored Double-Charged Dipolar Electric Field Screen (2022)

An unattended pest control system was developed to eliminate whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci) that settled on greenhouse tomato plants. The system exploited the whitefly’s habit of flying up from a plant that was mechanically tapped and then heading toward yellow objects. Remote-controlled dollies with arms that tapped plants and yellow-colored double-charged dipolar electric field screens (YDD-EFSs) (oppositely electrified transparent insulator tubes filled with yellow-colored water) attracted and trapped the whiteflies. The whiteflies flew up when the plants were mechanically tapped with the dolly’s arms during reciprocating movements and were subsequently trapped by YDD-EFSs that were automatically translocated to the target plants. The system was applied to rows of whitefly-infested tomato plants. Almost all whiteflies transferred to plants were successfully recovered by two dollies moving on either side of the plants, approaching all plants individually (via programmed movement). In summary, we present an efficient unattended method for controlling whiteflies on tomato plants in greenhouses.
Supplementary Materials, Figures 1-7, Tables 1-2 from High-Throughput Screen Identifies Novel Inhibitors of Cancer Biomarker α-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase (AMACR/P504S) (2023)

Supplementary Materials, Figures 1-7, Tables 1-2 from High-Throughput Screen Identifies Novel Inhibitors of Cancer Biomarker α-Methylacyl Coenzyme A Racemase (AMACR/P504S)