gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomic Analysis of Membrane Blebs of Brucella abortus 2308 and RB51 and Their Evaluation as an Acellular Vaccine (2019)

Membrane blebs are released from Gram-negative bacteria, however, little is known about <i>Brucella</i> blebs. This work pursued two objectives, the first was to determine and identify the proteins in the membrane blebs by proteomics and <i>in silico</i> analysis. The second aim was to evaluate the use of membrane blebs of <i>Brucella abortus</i> 2308 and <i>B. abortus</i> RB51 as an acellular vaccine <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. To achieve these aims, membrane blebs from <i>B. abortus</i> 2308 and RB51 were obtained and then analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. <i>Brucella</i> membrane blebs were used as a "vaccine" to induce an immune response in BALB/c mice, using the strain <i>B. abortus</i> RB51 as a positive vaccine control. After subsequent challenge with <i>B. abortus</i> 2308, CFUs in spleens were determined; and immunoglobulins IgG1 and IgG2a were measured in murine serum by ELISA. Also, activation and costimulatory molecules induced by membrane blebs were analyzed in splenocytes by flow cytometry. Two hundred and twenty eight proteins were identified in 2308 membrane blebs and 171 in RB51 blebs, some of them are well-known <i>Brucella</i> immunogens such as SodC, Omp2b, Omp2a, Omp10, Omp16, and Omp19. Mice immunized with membrane blebs from rough or smooth <i>B. abortus</i> induced similar protective immune responses as well as the vaccine <i>B. abortus</i> RB51 after the challenge with virulent strain <i>B. abortus</i> 2308 (<i>P</i> < 0.05). The levels of IgG2a in mice vaccinated with 2308 membrane blebs were higher than those vaccinated with RB51 membrane blebs or <i>B. abortus</i> RB51 post-boosting. Moreover, mice immunized with 2308 blebs increased the percentage of activated B cells (CD19<sup>+</sup>CD69<sup>+</sup>) <i>in vitro.</i> Therefore, membrane blebs are potential candidates for the development of an acellular vaccine against brucellosis, especially those derived from the rough strains so that serological diagnostic is not affected.
Diagnosis and Prognosis of Fuel Injectors based on Control Adaptation (2017)

Spark Ignition Direct Injection (SIDI) technology enables better fuel economy and tail pipe emissions in vehicles equipped with gasoline engines. The SIDI technology depends on the ability of the system to deliver fuel at high pressure directly into the combustion chamber, hence making thefuel injectors key subcomponents. Reliable performance of fuel injectors is vital as it directly relates to the operability of the vehicle, and hence customer satisfaction in case of failure. It, therefore, becomes very important to devise a scheme that can effectively diagnose and prognose such a component. In this article, algorithm development for diagnosis and a pathway to prognosis of fuel injectors is presented. We do not propose any additional sensing capability, and make use of what is available in most of the production vehicles today across the industry. In particular, the control adaptation of fuel control and the associated diagnostics that are mandated by regulators are employed to generate schemes for fault detection, fault isolation, and fault prediction. Results are presented from vehicle test data that allow development of such a scheme for fuel injectors.
Correlated 1-1000 Hz magnetic field fluctuations from lightning over earth-scale distances and their impact on gravitational wave searches (2022)

We report Earth-scale distance magnetic correlations from lightning strokes in the frequency range 1-1000 Hz at several distances ranging from 1100 to 9000 km. Noise sources which are correlated on Earth-scale distances can affect future searches for gravitational-wave signals with ground-based gravitational-wave interferometric detectors. We consider the impact of correlations from magnetic field fluctuations on gravitational-wave searches due to Schumann resonances ($&lt;$50 Hz) as well as higher frequencies ($&gt;$100 Hz). We demonstrate that individual lightning strokes are a likely source for the observed correlations in the magnetic field fluctuations at gravitational-wave observatories and discuss some of their characteristics. Furthermore, we predict their impact on searches for an isotropic gravitational-wave background, as well as for searches looking for short-duration transient gravitational waves, both unmodeled signals (bursts) as well as modeled signals (compact binary coalescence). Whereas the recent third observing run by LIGO and Virgo was free of an impact from correlated magnetic field fluctuations, future runs could be affected. For example, at current magnetic coupling levels, neutron star inspirals in third generation detectors are likely to be contaminated by multiple correlated lightning glitches. We suggest that future detector design should consider reducing lightning coupling by, for example, reducing the lightning-induced beam tube currents that pass through sensitive magnetic coupling regions in current detectors. We also suggest that the diurnal and seasonal variation in lightning activity may be useful in discriminating between detector correlations that are produced by gravitational waves and those produced by lightning.
Shapeshifting: Reversible Shape Memory in Semicrystalline Elastomers (2014)

We present a general strategy for enabling reversible shape transformation in semicrystalline shape memory (SM) materials, which integrates three different SM behaviors: conventional one-way SM, two-way reversible SM, and one-way reversible SM. While two-way reversible shape memory (RSM) is observed upon heating and cooling cycles, the one-way RSM occurs upon heating only. Shape reversibility is achieved through partial melting of a crystalline scaffold which secures memory of a temporary shape by leaving a latent template for recrystallization. This behavior is neither mechanically nor structurally constrained, thereby allowing for multiple switching between encoded shapes without applying any external force, which was demonstrated for different shapes including hairpin, coil, origami, and a robotic gripper. Fraction of reversible strain increases with cross-linking density, reaching a maximum of ca. 70%, and then decreases at higher cross-linking densities. This behavior has been shown to correlate with efficiency of securing the temporary shape.
Development of Textured Au Layer on Ni Substrate for YBCO Coated Conductors (2005)

Much effort has been made to develop new metallic buffers to explore the possibility of designing YBCO coated conductors (CC's) with a simple architecture. We selected Au because of its small lattice mismatch to Ni and chemical novelty, and plated it on a biaxially textured Ni substrate by the electroless-plating method. The texture of Au/Ni template was evaluated by X-ray pole-figure and orientation distribution function (ODF) analysis. The surface roughness and grain boundary morphology were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). We fabricated the cube textured Au/Ni template for the CC and evaluated its texture formation and microstructural evolution. Texture analysis indicated that the Au layer was epitaxially deposited on the Ni substrate and formed a strong cube texture when the processing variables were optimized. The full-width at half-maximum (FWHM) was 8.4/spl deg/ for out-of-plane and 9.98/spl deg/ for in-plane texture when the plating time was 30 min. In addition, the root-mean-square (RMS) and the depth of the grain boundary for the Au layer were 14.6 nm and 160 /spl Aring/, respectively, which are significantly smaller than the corresponding values for the Ni substrate (27.0 nm and 800 /spl Aring/), indicating that the electroless-plated Au layer had a relatively smooth surface and effectively mollified grain grooves.
Ditch‐Structured Sulfur Cathode: Enhancing the Uniformity of Sulfur Redox Reaction in a Thick Sulfur Electrode (2021)

Abstract Increasing of sulfur loading in a sulfur cathode is a direct approach to improve the energy density of lithium sulfur (Li−S) batteries. However, the inhomogeneous redox reaction in high‐sulfur loaded, thick electrodes presents a challenge. Here, we report that the sulfur utilization in thick sulfur cathodes can be enhanced by simply making ditches on the electrodes. A nanosecond‐pulse laser is used to carve the line‐ditch pattern on the surface of the sulfur cathode, without damaging the surface pore structure. The ditch structure can promote the transport of lithium ion into the deep interior of sulfur cathode, resulting in more uniform sulfur redox reaction. A ditch‐structured sulfur cathode with a sulfur loading of 7 mg ⋅ cm −2 shows seven times higher sulfur utilization at a high current of 5.2 mA ⋅ cm −2 compared with an unpatterned sulfur electrode. Simple laser patterning technology provides a platform to engineer a thick cathode of high performance.
Ruthenium-mediated protein cross-linking and stabilization (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRuthenium-mediated protein cross-linking and stabilizationAndreas Muheim, Robert J. Todd, Danilo R. Casimiro, Harry B. Gray, and Frances H. ArnoldCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 12, 5312–5313Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00065a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00065a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views371Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cover Picture: Massively Parallel Dip‐Pen Nanolithography of Heterogeneous Supported Phospholipid Multilayer Patterns (Small 1/2007) (2006)

The cover picture illustrates the use of self‐organizing phospholipids as an ink for massively parallel dip‐pen nanolithography. With this constructive lithographic technique it is possible to build model lipid‐membrane patterns with sub‐micrometer line widths over square‐centimeter surface areas. The ability to pattern and integrate different membrane components opens many new possibilities in the fabrication of model systems that seek to simulate the chemical and structural complexity of biological membranes. For more information, please read the Communication “Massively Parallel Dip‐Pen Nanolithography of Heterogeneous Supported Phospholipid Multilayer Patterns” by S. Lenhert, C. A. Mirkin, and co‐workers on page 71. (Jacob Ciszek and Matthew Banholzer are gratefully acknowledged for the three‐dimensional schematic in the cover picture.)
Dynamic SLA-based QoS control for third generation wireless networks: the CADENUS extension (2004)

With the evolution of the QoS-capable third generation wireless networks, the wireless community has been increasingly looking for a framework that can provide an effective, network independent, end-to-end QoS control. In this paper, we first construct such a framework and then describe how dynamic SLA-based control can be used to achieve end-to-end QoS in a wired and wireless (UMTS) environment. The proposed framework, which is an extension of the IST CADENUS project, offers an effective wired-wireless QoS translation, an efficient QoS control and management, and a dynamic SLA policy-based QoS provisioning.
Preexisting antibodies can protect against congenital cytomegalovirus infection in monkeys (2017)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is the most common congenital infection and a known cause of microcephaly, sensorineural hearing loss, and cognitive impairment among newborns worldwide. Natural maternal HCMV immunity reduces the incidence of congenital infection, but does not prevent the disease altogether. We employed a nonhuman primate model of congenital CMV infection to investigate the ability of preexisting antibodies to protect against placental CMV transmission in the setting of primary maternal infection and subsequent viremia, which is required for placental virus exposure. Pregnant, CD4+ T cell-depleted, rhesus CMV-seronegative (RhCMV-seronegative) rhesus monkeys were treated with either standardly produced hyperimmune globulin (HIG) from RhCMV-seropositive macaques or dose-optimized, potently RhCMV-neutralizing HIG prior to intravenous challenge with an RhCMV mixture. HIG passive infusion provided complete protection against fetal loss in both groups. The dose-optimized, RhCMV-neutralizing HIG additionally inhibited placental transmission of RhCMV and reduced viral replication and diversity. Our findings suggest that the presence of durable and potently neutralizing antibodies at the time of primary infection can prevent transmission of systemically replicating maternal RhCMV to the developing fetus, and therefore should be a primary target of vaccines to eliminate this neonatal infection.
Leveraging FlexGrid and Advanced Modulations in a Multi-Layer, Inter-Datacenter Network (2017)

The inter-DC network is unlike a traditional transport network due to fewer locations, significant capacity requirements, dynamic traffic and topology, and a large, shared pool of client capacity. FlexGrid increases spectrum per channel, while advanced modulations increase capacity per spectrum. The technologies combine to maximize transponder capacity and spectral efficiency, but may require changes to system architecture to maintain high scale, low cost, and operational simplicity.
Evaluation of Maximum Velocity Limit Criteria in High Pressure Natural Gas Systems (2014)

In the gas transmission industry, standards such as API 14E, IGEM/TD/1 and IGEM/TD/13 limit the maximum velocity through existing pipeline and measurement facilities. However, in these standards it is unclear what the consequences of exceeding the velocity limits are. In this paper, six potential velocity limiting factors were identified: pressure loss, flow generated pulsations, pipe-wall erosion, audible noise, acoustic-noise-induced fatigue and filtration/separation equipment. These six factors were evaluated in the context of velocity increases through a case study meter station on the TransCanada pipeline in Ontario. It is found that, generally, side-branch generated pulsations and audible noise are the most limiting factors to increases in velocity, while the pressure loss across the meter station and filtration/separation equipment compatibility should be considered when increasing gas velocity. Pipe-wall erosion and acoustic-noise-induced fatigue should not be a concern when increasing the gas velocity, particularly for typical natural gas that complies with applicable pipeline specifications. For the case study meter station in its normal operating configuration, increases up to two times the current highest flow rate through the meter station show no major concerns, even though the gas velocity exceeds the limits imposed by the above-mentioned standards at most locations throughout the meter station.
Acoustic fields of concave cylindrical transducers (1990)

The calculation of ultrasonic beam profiles from concave cylindrical sources is carried out, using the diffraction impulse response approach. Both transient and continuous wave radiation and receiving patterns can be derived with this method. Analytic expressions are given for the impulse response, in certain conditions, and numerical integration methods are applied for solving the problem at points of divergence. Experimental results obtained in water are presented for comparison.
Direct Synthesis of a Photoactive Inorganic-Organic Mesostructured Hybrid Material and its Application as a Photocatalyst (2009)

International audience
Can a Partially Injured Donor Nerve Restore Elbow Flexion in an Acute Brachial Plexus Injury in Rats? (2019)

Although relatively weak compared with the 100 percent intact donor lower trunk group, the partially injured donor nerve was still functional; even though the nerve sustained a partial injury, the residual axons reinnervated the target muscles. The power of the muscles following either 25 percent or 75 percent injuries was equal after the recovery. Resorting to this approach may be useful in cases in which no alternatives are available.
Understanding Melanocyte Transformation – A Work in Progress (2011)

Malignant melanoma, the most deadly form of skin cancer poses a substantial clinical burden with ~68,000 Americans diagnosed in 2010 and ~8,700 succumbing to the disease (American Cancer Society. 2010). Melanoma is also the fifth most common cancer in men and the sixth most common cancer in women (American Cancer Society. 2010). The incidence of melanoma has been increasing annually at an alarming rate worldwide. In the United States of America, the incidence of melanoma increased by 270% between 1973 and 2002 (Ries, Wingo et al. 2000). In parallel to the increase in melanoma incidence, the mortality rate increased annually by 1.4% between 1970 and 1990 with a slight decrease of 0.3% between 1990 and 2002 (Ries, Wingo et al. 2000). Despite aggressive research towards finding treatments, the prognosis for patients with late stage melanoma remains poor with median survival rates of 9 months with less than 5% probability of surviving 5 years after a diagnosis with disseminated melanoma (Balch, Sober et al. 2003; Balch, Soong et al. 2004). Treatment of the disease is still mainly defined by primary surgical intervention in patients with localized disease or early regional spread (Markovic, Erickson et al. 2007). Surgical resection is only partially effective in extending disease free survival in patients with regional metastases and therefore adjuvant therapies have been used in an attempt to improve patient outcomes. However, only high-dose therapy is applied either by radiotherapy (Geara and Ang 1996; Ballo, Strom et al. 2002) or with interferon α-2b, a FDA approved regiment, has been shown to increase disease free progression and only by 8 months (Kirkwood, Ibrahim et al. 2001). Adjuvant radio-therapy has been shown to control local disease in selected patients but has not had a significant impact on survival in patient with locally or regionally advanced melanoma (Geara and Ang 1996; Ballo, Strom et al. 2002). In patients who develop distant metastatic disease, systemic therapy with dacarbazine provides a modest 22% response rate but no meaningful increase in overall survival (Bellett, Mastrangelo et al. 1976) while immunotherapy with interleukin 2 (IL-2) has proven toxic and only offers a modest survival advantage (White, Schwartzentruber et al. 1994). The, prompting the need for compounds with greater anti-melanoma activity is obvious and has spurred new research into the genetics and pathogenesis of this disease.
ChemInform Abstract: A M‐XYLYLENE BY BAMFORD‐STEVENS REACTION OF A FULVENE‐KETENE ADDUCT (1984)

Abstract Das aus (I) und Dimethylketen (III) (in situ erzeugt) erhaltene Addukt (IV) [verunreinigt mit (V)] wird zu einem Tosylhydrazon‐Isomeren (VII) umgesetzt, das sich leicht in das entsprechende Stereoisomere umwandelt (1 25; keine Zuordnung der , Konfiguration).
Correction for Cannon et al., Legume genome evolution viewed through the Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus genomes (2006)

Mutations are important because they provide raw material for evolution. Some types of mutations occur more often than others, and the strength of such mutational bias varies across species. It is not clear how this variation arises. We ...Biased mutation spectra are pervasive, with wide variation in the magnitude of mutational biases that influence genome evolution and adaptation. How do such diverse biases evolve? Our experiments show that changing the mutation spectrum allows populations ...
A Review of Incoherent Digital Fresnel Holography (2009)

We review three different methods of generating digital Fresnel holograms of 3-D real-existing objects illuminated by incoherent light.In the first method, a scanning hologram is generated by a unique scanning system in which Fresnel zone plates (FZP) are created by a homodyne rather than the common heterodyne interferometer.During the scanning, the FZP projected on the observed object is frozen rather than varied as previously.In each scanning period, the system produces an on-axis Fresnel hologram.The twin image problem is solved by a linear combination of at least three holograms taken with three FZPs with different phase values.The second hologram reviewed here is the digital incoherent modified Fresnel hologram.To calculate this hologram, multiple-viewpoint projections of the 3-D scene are acquired, and a Fresnel hologram of the 3-D scene is directly computed from these projections.This method enables to obtain digital holograms by using a simple digital camera, which operates under regular light conditions.The last digital hologram reviewed here is the Fresnel incoherent correlation hologram.In this motionless holographic technique, light is reflected from the 3-D scene, propagates through a diffractive optical element (DOE), and is recorded by a digital camera.Three holograms are recorded sequentially, each for a different phase factor of the DOE.The three holograms are superposed in the computer, such that the result is a complex-valued Fresnel hologram that does not contain a twin image.
Off-topic Response Detection for Spontaneous Spoken English Assessment (2016)

Automatic spoken language assessment systems are becoming increasingly important to meet the demand for English second language learning. This is a challenging task due to the high error rates of, even state-of-the-art, non-native speech recognition. Consequently current systems primarily assess fluency and pronunciation. However, content assessment is essential for full automation. As a first stage it is important to judge whether the speaker responds on topic to test questions designed to elicit spontaneous speech. Standard approaches to off-topic response detection assess similarity between the response and question based on bag-of-words representations. An alternative framework based on Recurrent Neural Network Language Models (RNNLM) is proposed in this paper. The RNNLM is adapted to the topic of each test question. It learns to associate example responses to questions with points in a topic space constructed using these example responses. Classification is done by ranking the topic-conditional posterior probabilities of a response. The RNNLMs associate a broad range of responses with each topic, incorporate sequence information and scale better with additional training data, unlike standard methods. On experiments conducted on data from the Business Language Testing Service (BULATS) this approach outperforms standard approaches.