gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Upregulation of Interferon-γ Binding by Tumor Necrosis Factor and Lymphotoxin: Disparate Potencies of the Cytokines and Modulation of Their Effects by Phorbol Ester (1991)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) are immune-modulating cytokines that exert synergistic cytotoxic effects in several types of tumor cells, including ASPC-1 human pancreatic carcinoma cells. Lymphotoxin (LT), is a cytokine that binds to the TNF receptor and mimicks most of the biological actions of TNF. In the present study, we examined ASPC-1 cells for cytokine-mediated modulation of TNF and IFN-gamma receptors. Treatment of ASPC-1 cells with recombinant human IFN-gamma (rhIFN-gamma) did not significantly alter 125I-rhTNF binding. In contrast, treatment with rhTNF led to a dose- and time-dependent increase in 125I-rhIFN-gamma binding and internalization. Scatchard analysis revealed that rhTNF increased the number of 125I-rhIFN-gamma binding sites from 11,000 sites/cell to 23,000 sites/cell without altering receptor affinity. Although rhLT also increased 125I-rhIFN-gamma binding, it was 100-fold less potent than rhTNF. In contrast, rhLT was only 10-fold less potent than rhTNF in displacing 125I-rhTNF from its receptor. The phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) blocked the rhLT- and rhTNF-mediated increase in 125I-rhIFN-gamma binding and markedly decreased 125I-rhTNF binding. These data suggest that both TNF and LT upregulate IFN-gamma receptors in ASPC-1 cells, but that LT is much less efficient than TNF. Further, the TPA-induced attenuation of IFN-gamma receptor upregulation suggests that protein kinase C activation can regulate the TNF/LT-mediated pathways involved in IFN-gamma receptor upregulation.
Hidden Markov Models for the Stimulus-Response Relationships of Multistate Neural Systems (2011)

Given recent experimental results suggesting that neural circuits may evolve through multiple firing states, we develop a framework for estimating state-dependent neural response properties from spike train data. We modify the traditional hidden Markov model (HMM) framework to incorporate stimulus-driven, non-Poisson point-process observations. For maximal flexibility, we allow external, time-varying stimuli and the neurons' own spike histories to drive both the spiking behavior in each state and the transitioning behavior between states. We employ an appropriately modified expectation-maximization algorithm to estimate the model parameters. The expectation step is solved by the standard forward-backward algorithm for HMMs. The maximization step reduces to a set of separable concave optimization problems if the model is restricted slightly. We first test our algorithm on simulated data and are able to fully recover the parameters used to generate the data and accurately recapitulate the sequence of hidden states. We then apply our algorithm to a recently published data set in which the observed neuronal ensembles displayed multistate behavior and show that inclusion of spike history information significantly improves the fit of the model. Additionally, we show that a simple reformulation of the state space of the underlying Markov chain allows us to implement a hybrid half-multistate, half-histogram model that may be more appropriate for capturing the complexity of certain data sets than either a simple HMM or a simple peristimulus time histogram model alone.
Solid-State X-Band Power Limiter (1961)

An X-band solid-state power limiter has been designed and built to protect receiver crystals from high-power microwave pulses in the kilowatt region. This passive and reliable crystal protection has been achieved by utilizing the nonlinear properties of both ferrites and semiconductor diodes. An understanding of the ferrite nonlinear mechanism, which gives rise to the characteristically large leakage spike, has been achieved and quantitatively described. This formulation resulted in an essentially optimized high-power ferrite limiter, whose mode of operation is qualitatively understood. Use of this ferrite limiter for crystal protection requires a fast response, lower threshold secondary-limiting unit, which was developed by using semiconductor diodes for power limiting in a reactive mode of operation. The ferrite and diode limiters were combined in a single device with an over-all insertion loss of 2.0 db and a 200-Mc operating "bandwidth."
Étude diélectrique de matériaux composites pour batteries lithium-ion, des basses fréquences aux micro-ondes (2014)

LGEP 2014 ID = 1615
The trimeric serine protease HtrA1 forms a cage-like inhibition complex with an anti-HtrA1 antibody (2015)

High temperature requirement A1 (HtrA1) is a trypsin-fold serine protease implicated in the progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Our interest in an antibody therapy to neutralize HtrA1 faces the complication that the target adopts a trimeric arrangement, with three active sites in close proximity. In the present study, we describe antibody 94, obtained from a human antibody phage display library, which forms a distinct macromolecular complex with HtrA1 and inhibits the enzymatic activity of recombinant and native HtrA1 forms. Using biochemical methods and negative-staining EM we were able to elucidate the molecular composition of the IgG94 and Fab94 complexes and the associated inhibition mechanism. The 246-kDa complex between the HtrA1 catalytic domain trimer (HtrA1_Cat) and Fab94 had a propeller-like organization with one Fab bound peripherally to each protomer. Low-resolution EM structures and epitope mapping indicated that the antibody binds to the surface-exposed loops B and C of the catalytic domain, suggesting an allosteric inhibition mechanism. The HtrA1_Cat-IgG94 complex (636 kDa) is a cage-like structure with three centrally located IgG94 molecules co-ordinating two HtrA1_Cat trimers and the six active sites pointing into the cavity of the cage. In both complexes, all antigen-recognition regions (paratopes) are found to bind one HtrA1 protomer and all protomers are bound by a paratope, consistent with the complete inhibition of enzyme activity. Therefore, in addition to its potential therapeutic usefulness, antibody 94 establishes a new paradigm of multimeric serine protease inhibition.
Graphene-based electronics for ubiquitous RF communications and sensing (2011)

Since the first isolation of graphene in 2004, graphene research has generated great excitement among device engineers due to the outstanding material properties of this single layer of sp <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> -bonded carbon atoms. Mobilities in excess of 100,000 cm2/Vs, perfect carrier confinement within one monolayer, and ballistic transport over unprecedented distances make graphene an almost ideal candidate for the next generation of electronic circuits and systems. In addition to being quantitatively better than conventional semiconductors, graphene is qualitatively different. Its one monolayer thickness confers to this material unique structural and optical properties that allows its use in flexible electronics, and ease its integration with arbitrary substrates and materials, including kapton, plastic and fabrics. In this talk, we will discuss some of the opportunities that graphene technology offers for a new class of electronic systems, flexible, transparent and, potentially, cheap enough to become ubiquitous.
Experimental review: chemical reduction of graphene oxide (GO) to reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by aqueous chemistry (2017)

The electrical conductivity of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) obtained from graphene oxide (GO) using sodium borohydride (NaBH<sub>4</sub>) as a reducing agent has been investigated as a function of time (2 min to 24 h) and temperature (20 °C to 80 °C). Using a 300 mM aqueous NaBH<sub>4</sub> solution at 80 °C, reduction of GO occurred to a large extent during the first 10 min, which yielded a conductivity increase of 5 orders of magnitude to 10 S m<sup>-1</sup>. During the residual 1400 min of reaction, the reduction rate decreased significantly, eventually resulting in a rGO conductivity of 1500 S m<sup>-1</sup>. High resolution XPS measurements showed that C/O increased from 2.2 for the GO to 6.9 for the rGO at the longest reaction times, due to the elimination of oxygen. The steep increase in conductivity recorded during the first 8-12 min of reaction was mainly due to the reduction of C-O (e.g., hydroxyl and epoxy) groups, suggesting the preferential attack of the reducing agent on C-O rather than C[double bond, length as m-dash]O groups. In addition, the specular variation of the percentage content of C-O bond functionalities with the sum of Csp<sup>2</sup> and Csp<sup>3</sup> indicated that the reduction of epoxy or hydroxyl groups had a greater impact on the restoration of the conductive nature of the graphite structure in rGO. These findings were reflected in the dramatic change in the structural stability of the rGO nanofoams produced by freeze-drying. The reduction protocol in this study allowed to achieve the highest conductivity values reported so far for the aqueous reduction of graphene oxide mediated by sodium borohydride. The 4-probe sheet resistivity approach used to measure the electrical conductivity is also, for the first time, presented in detail for filtrate sheet assemblies' of stacked GO/rGO sheets.
A compound that directly and selectively stalls PCSK9 translation (2016)

Abstract Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9 (PCSK9) plays a key role in regulating the levels of plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Here we demonstrate that the compound PF-06446846 inhibits translation of PCSK9 by inducing the ribosome to stall around codon 34, mediated by the sequence of the nascent chain within the exit tunnel. We further show that PF-06446846 reduces plasma PCSK9 and total cholesterol levels in rats following oral dosing. Using ribosome profiling, we demonstrate that PF-06446846 is highly selective for the inhibition of PCSK9 translation. The mechanism of action employed by PF-06446846 reveals a previously unexpected tunability of the human ribosome, which allows small molecules to specifically block translation of individual transcripts. One Sentence Summary A small-molecule PCSK9 inhibitor targets the human ribosome and selectively prevents PCSK9 synthesis.
Cylindrical gate approach for signal and noise modeling of striped channel field‐effect transistors (invited article) (1993)

Abstract The two‐dimensional charge‐control effect to dc and rf performances is studied for striped‐channel field‐effect transistors based on the cylindrical gate approximation. The present theory explains the transconductance enhancements as well as a flat noise figure dependence on the drain current, which have been experimentally observed for striped‐channel devices. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons. Inc.
Decrease in in vivo coagulant potential of emicizumab in a patient with hemophilia A and inhibitor complicated with infectious mononucleosis (2022)

Emicizumab prophylaxis significantly reduces bleeding episodes in patients with hemophilia A (PwHA). There is little information on coagulant potentials in emicizumab-treated PwHA with infection, however. We encountered an emicizumab-treated PwHA with inhibitor, complicated with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis (IM) in phase 1/2 study (ACE001JP/ACE002JP). Although it was a typical clinical course of IM, activated partial thromboplastin time was mildly prolonged but rotational thromboelastometry revealed severely impaired coagulant potential. The blood concentration of emicizumab decreased moderately in the low concentration range, resulting in an increased risk of bleeding and possibly leading to severe ileocecal bleeds requiring coil embolization. The blood concentrations of factors IX/X little decreased and antiemicizumab antibodies did not develop, however. After the influence by IM resolved, his coagulant potentials gradually recovered with the recovery of emicizumab concentration, and parameters by global coagulation assays improved. An IM case for emicizumab-treated PwHA may need to monitor using global coagulation assays.
Thermoplastic Curable Formulations (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Typical Preparation of Thermoplastic Curable Formulations Rheological Behavior of Blends of Block Copolymer and Thermoset Precursors Choice of the Hardener Processing and Properties Conclusions Acknowledgments References
IDDF2020-ABS-0200 Impact of rising prevalence of metabolic comorbidities on accuracy of hepatocellular carcinoma risk score in chronic hepatitis B patients receiving antiviral therapy: A territory-wide cohort of 31,953 treated patients (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) are getting older with the rising prevalence of metabolic comorbidities. We examined its impact on the performance of PAGE-B score among treated CHB patients. <h3>Methods</h3> Adult CHB patients who had received entecavir or tenofovir for at least 6 months in 2005–2018 were identified in Hong Kong. Diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension and dyslipidaemia were identified based on diagnosis codes, laboratory measurements, and medication uses. Performance of PAGE-B score on 5-year HCC prediction was assessed by area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and the score’s cut-off values were evaluated by survival analysis. <h3>Results</h3> Of 31,953 identified CHB patients, there was a trend of rising prevalence of metabolic comorbidities over the three periods (2005–2009, 2010–2014, and 2015-June 2018): hypertension 34.2%, 40.3%, and 43.0%; DM 15.2%, 20.0%, and 21.6%; and dyslipidaemia 46.6%, 55.7%, and 62.5%, respectively (all <i>P</i>&lt;0.001). The AUROC (95% CI) of PAGE-B score to predict HCC at 5 years was comparable across the three periods: 0.78 (0.75–0.80), 0.77 (0.76–0.79), and 0.75 (0.72–0.78), respectively (<i>P</i>=0.334). Overall, 6,373 (19.9%) patients had DM. At a median (interquartile range) follow-up of 5.0 (3.5–5.0) years, 543 (8.5%) and 1270 (5.0%) patients with and without DM developed HCC. The AUROC (95% CI) of PAGE-B score to predict HCC at 5 years was lower in DM patients (0.68 [0.66–0.70]) than in non-DM patients (0.79 [0.78–0.80]) (<i>P</i>&lt;0.001). 651 (10.2%) DM patients were classified as low risk; their 5-year HCC cumulative incidence (95% CI) was 2.1% (1.1%-3.6%), which is higher than the threshold of cost-effective HCC surveillance suggested by international clinical guideline, <i>i.e.</i> 0.2% annually. 6,536 (25.6%) non-DM patients were classified as low risk; their 5-year HCC cumulative incidence (95% CI) was 0.5% (0.4%-0.7%) (figure 1). <h3>Conclusions</h3> PAGE-B score is accurate across the years to predict HCC, yet has a lower performance in DM patients. HCC risk persists and HCC surveillance is still cost-effective in DM patients classified as low risk by PAGE-B score.
Cluster matching in time resolved imaging for VLSI analysis (2014)

If scaling has the benefit of enabling manufacturers to design tomorrow's integrated circuits, from the failure analyst point of view it also has the drawback of making devices more complex. The test sequence for modern VLSI can be quite long, with thousands of vector. Dynamic photon emission databases can contain millions of photons representing thousands of state changes in the region of interest. Finding a candidate location where to perform physical analysis is quite challenging, especially if the fault occurs on a single vector. In this paper, we suggest a new methodology to find single vector fault in dynamic photon emission database. The process is applied at the post-acquisition level and is based on clustering algorithm and nearest neighbor research.
UV Emission Microscopy Development for High Band Gap Components (2009)

Abstract HEMT (High Electron Mobility Transistor) are playing a key role for power and RF low noise applications. As well as the improvement of the MMIC performances, the localization of the defects linked with hot electron and the failure analysis of these devices are very challenging. To face these challenges, we have developed a complete approach, without degrading the component, based on front side failure analysis by UV electroluminescence or UV light emission. Its feasibility and efficiency have been demonstrated through two case studies. So, a specific UV microscopy technique has been developed and is presented in this paper.
Growth Mechanism of Nonpolar and Semipolar GaN Layers from Sapphire Sidewalls on Various Maskless Patterned Sapphire Substrates (2011)

Nonpolar and semipolar GaN layers can be selectively grown from sapphire sidewalls of maskless patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) by selective-area growth using a low-temperature (LT) GaN buffer layer. Various PSSs, such as a -PSS for m -GaN, r -PSS for (1122) GaN, c -PSS for m -GaN, and m -PSS for a -GaN, were prepared to investigate the growth mechanisms. It was revealed that the growth windows of various PSSs to achieve nonpolar or semipolar GaN grown from only the sapphire sidewall by changing the growth conditions are different. To determine the cause of selective-area growth in each PSS, GaN nucleation after annealing of the LT-GaN buffer layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. Consequently, GaN was predominantly grown on a region with higher quality and better crystallo-ordered c -oriented GaN nucleation. When such nucleation of GaN occurs on the sapphire sidewall, it proceeds to grow selectively from the sapphire sidewall, and nonpolar or semipolar GaN can be obtained using maskless PSS.
Electrical properties of low-temperature-grown CaF2 on Si(111) (1992)

While epitaxial CaF2 films grown on Si(111) at temperatures above 550 °C exhibited flat capacitance-voltage (C-V) curves, suggesting a pinned CaF2/Si(111) interface, we have observed unpinned C-V curves from as-deposited epitaxial CaF2 grown at 300 °C. Our results demonstrate that C-V characteristics of CaF2/Si(111) are determined by the thermal history, rather than the crystalline quality, of the CaF2 film. Correlations among CaF2/Si interface state density, thermal stress, and atomic bonding at the interface are discussed.
Creativity and conducting (2011)

After providing some context via (i) earlier work on literary creativity carried out by Bringsjord et al., and (ii) an account of creativity espoused by Cope, which stands in rather direct opposition to Bringsjord's account, we summarize our nascent attempt to engineer an artificial conductor: Handle. Handle is a microcosmic version of part of a larger, much more ambitious system: CAIRA. Both are under development courtesy of a three-year CreativeIT grant from the National Science Foundation (PI Braasch, Co-PIs Oliveros & Bringsjord).
Distributed Simulation of Continuous Random Variables (2016)

We establish the first known upper bound on the exact and Wyner's common information of n continuous random variables in terms of the dual total correlation between them (which is a generalization of mutual information). In particular, we show that when the pdf of the random variables is log-concave, there is a constant gap of n2 loge + 9n log n between this upper bound and the dual total correlation lower bound that does not depend on the distribution. The upper bound is obtained using a computationally efficient dyadic decomposition scheme for constructing a discrete common randomness variable W from which the n random variables can be simulated in a distributed manner. We then bound the entropy of W using a new measure, which we refer to as the erosion entropy.
Efficacy and Safety of the Selective Aldosterone Blocker Eplerenone in Japanese Patients With Hypertension: A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled, Dose‐Ranging Study (2004)

Approximately 40% of Japanese patients with essential hypertension, including low-renin hypertension, are inadequately managed. Low-renin hypertension generally responds poorly to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers, but may respond more optimally to diuretics, calcium channel blockers, and aldosterone blockers. This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-ranging study evaluated the efficacy and safety of the selective aldosterone blocker eplerenone in 193 Japanese patients with essential hypertension. Although not a study inclusion criterion, baseline active plasma renin levels were consistently low (5.7-10.1 mU/L); most patients met the criteria for low-renin hypertension (< or =42.5 mU/L; normal range, 7-76 mU/L). Patients received placebo or eplerenone 50, 100, or 200 mg once daily for 8 weeks. Systolic blood pressure decreased significantly (-6.8 to -10.6 mm Hg vs. -2.1 mm Hg; p< or =0.0022 vs. placebo). Eplerenone offers significant blood pressure reduction with good tolerability in Japanese patients with hypertension, including those with low-renin hypertension.
Eye movement in response to single and multiple targets. (1985)

Abstract : Two major studies were pursued under this research program: one was devoted to eye-movement responses in multi-target situations, and the other to smooth scanning behavior when viewing eye-slaved targets. For multiple targets, a computer-controlled arc perimeter display comprised of 21 LED point targets (5 arc-minutes) placed 5 degrees apart was utilized. Results showed that oculomotor reaction time increased from 200 ms for single targets to 240 ms for multiple targets (20% to 25% increase). Furthermore, delaying the appearance of one of the targets by 10 ms increased the reaction time even further, to about 300 ms. Further increases in second target delay produced a monotonically decreasing function of response time versus delay, until at delays of 100 ms, the reaction times were normal. For the experiments on eye-slaved target scanning behavior, the subject was presented with a target controlled by that person's own eye position. This eye-slaved target was then delayed 1 to 200 ms before being presented to the subject. With no delay, subjects were able to move their eyes smoothly across the screen and back; i.e., self-initiated smooth pursuit. Small delays (40 to 60 ms) tended to increase the smooth pursuit oscillations in both velocity and amplitude. The results suggest that smooth pursuit is facilitated by small delays in the eye-position feedback signal. At larger delays (100-200 ms), smooth pursuit was not obtained. The implications of these results for eye- slaved, area-of-interest displays are discussed. Originator-supplied keywords include: eye movement; multiple targets; oculomotor control; reaction time; saccadic latency; saccades; smooth pursuit; visual scanning.