gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-chip Fourier transform spectrometer on silicon-on-sapphire (Conference Presentation) (2019)

The temperature of earth depends upon the balance between the energy enterring and leaving the planet. The dynamic balance has been broken by the drastical increase of greenhouse gases generated by human activities during the past 150 years. Thus, monitoring of the global emission of greenhouse gases is urgent for human beings. Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) in infrared wavelength range is an effective measure for this purpose. An infrared spectrum represents a ﬁngerprint of a material with absorption peaks corresponding to the vibration of the bonds of the atoms making up the material. Because each material is a unique combination of atoms, no two compounds produce the exact same infrared spectrum. Therefore, infrared spectroscopy can result in a positive identiﬁcation (qualitative analysis) of every kind of materials. In addition, the size of the peaks in the spectrum is a direct indication of the amount of material present. Compared to dispersive optics or filter based spectroscopy approaches, FTS has a few significant advantages, such as high throughput, high signal-to-noise ratio, and high sensitivity. However, the size, weight and free space optics components make FTS a laboratory only instrument demanding extensive human involvement. In this paper, we report a demonstration of an on-chip Fourier transform spectrometer near 3.3 μm wavelength on silicon-on-sapphire. Propagation loss of 5.2 dB/cm has been experimentally demonstrated for strip waveguides. The on-chip FTS comprises an array of Mach–Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) with linearly increased optical path differences. The recovery of the spectrum of an inter-band cascaded laser has been demonstrated.
Global Transcriptional Effects of a Suppressor tRNA and the Inactivation of the Regulator frmR (2004)

Expression of an amber suppressor tRNA should result in read-through of the 326 open reading frames (ORFs) that terminate with amber stop codons in the Escherichia coli genome, including six pseudogenes. Abnormal extension of an ORF might alter the activities of the protein and have effects on cellular physiology, while suppression of a pseudogene could lead to a gain of function. We used oligonucleotide microarrays to determine if any effects were apparent at the level of transcription in glucose minimal medium. Surprisingly, only eight genes had significantly different expression in the presence of the suppressor. Among these were the genes yaiN, adhC, and yaiM, forming a single putative operon whose likely function is the degradation of formaldehyde. Expression of wild-type yaiN was shown to result in repression of the operon, while a suppression-mimicking allele lacking the amber stop codon and extended 7 amino acids did not. The operon was shown to be induced by formaldehyde, and the genes have been renamed frmR, frmA, and frmB, respectively.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of water on the hydroxylated zinc oxide surface (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFourier transform infrared spectroscopy of water on the hydroxylated zinc oxide surfaceS. Kittaka, T. Sasaki, and N. FukuharaCite this: Langmuir 1992, 8, 11, 2598–2600Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00047a005https://doi.org/10.1021/la00047a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views227Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exploiting sequential relationships for familial classification (2010)

The pervasive nature of the internet has caused a significant transformation in the field of genealogical research. This has impacted not only how research is conducted, but has also dramatically increased the number of people discovering their family history. Recent market research (Maritz Marketing 2000, Harris Interactive 2009) indicates that general interest in the United States has increased from 45% in 1996, to 60% in 2000, and 87% in 2009. Increased popularity has caused a dramatic need for improvements in algorithms related to extracting, accessing, and processing genealogical data for use in building family trees. This paper presents one approach to algorithmic improvement in the family history domain, where we infer the familial relationships of households found in human transcribed United States census data. By applying advances made in natural language processing, exploiting the sequential nature of the census, and using state of the art machine learning algorithms, we were able to decrease the error by 35% over a hand coded baseline system. The resulting system is immediately applicable to hundreds of millions of other genealogical records where families are represented, but the familial relationships are missing.
Change in Frailty for Adults With End Stage Renal Disease After Kidney Transplantation. (2014)

Background: Frailty prevalence is high and predicts mortality and graft loss in adults of all ages undergoing kidney transplantation (KT). The goal of this work was to understand what happens to frailty scores after KT. Methods: 184 KT recipients were enrolled in a prospective cohort study (December 2008 and August 2013) at the time of transplantation and followed after KT. The Fried frailty score was measured at the time of transplantation and during routine clinical follow-up. The predictors of changes in frailty score were identified using modified Poisson regression. Results: At the time of transplantation, 22.3% of all KT recipients were frail. On average, frailty scores got worse at 1 month (mean change=0.27, P=0.06), were no different than pre-transplantation at 2 months (mean change=0.07, P=0.62) and then improved by 3 months post-KT (mean change=-0.33, P=0.02).Figure: No Caption available.The percent of KT recipients who were frail increased from 22.3% at the time of KT to 30.7% at 1 month and subsequently decreased to 12.5% at 3 months. In a multivariate model, patient factors associated with a decrease in frailty score were being frail at the time of KT (HR=3.30, 95% CI: 1.91-5.66, P<0.001) and being a female recipient (HR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.20-3.47, P=0.008). Conclusions: After transplantation, frailty worsens by one month but improves by three months for adults of all ages. Improvement in frailty score may be greater in women and in those who were frail at the time of transplantation.
Supplementary Tables 1-3, 7-9 from A Compendium of Syngeneic, Transplantable Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Models Reveals Subtype-Specific Therapeutic Vulnerabilities (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Tables describing statistical analyses, median survivals, IC50 values calculated from cell viability assays, primer sequences and antibodies.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Polyelectrolyte‐Surfactant Complexes in the Solid State: Facile Building Blocks for Self‐Organizing Materials (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Staphylococcus aureus infection induces protein A–mediated immune evasion in humans (2014)

Staphylococcus aureus bacterial infection commonly results in chronic or recurrent disease, suggesting that humoral memory responses are hampered. Understanding how S. aureus subverts the immune response is critical for the rescue of host natural humoral immunity and vaccine development. S. aureus expresses the virulence factor Protein A (SpA) on all clinical isolates, and SpA has been shown in mice to expand and ablate variable heavy 3 (VH3) idiotype B cells. The effects of SpA during natural infection, however, have not been addressed. Acutely activated B cells, or plasmablasts (PBs), were analyzed to dissect the ongoing immune response to infection through the production of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). The B cells that were activated by infection had a highly limited response. When screened against multiple S. aureus antigens, only high-affinity binding to SpA was observed. Consistently, PBs underwent affinity maturation, but their B cell receptors demonstrated significant bias toward the VH3 idiotype. These data suggest that the superantigenic activity of SpA leads to immunodominance, limiting host responses to other S. aureus virulence factors that would be necessary for protection and memory formation.
Crystal structure of 2-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-6-phenylpentafulvene, C19H14O2 (2009)

Article Crystal structure of 2-benzoyl-6-hydroxy-6-phenylpentafulvene, C19H14O2 was published on April 1, 2009 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 224, issue 1-4).
Is production system matching interesting? (1992)

A panel session in which issues relating to the effects of advances in faster and more parallel hardware, production system match (PSM) algorithms, and application domains for match on PSM as a research area is presented. It is argued that there is no such thing as the optimal matching algorithm, even for the well-defined task of production-system match and that broadening the scope of the matching task beyond forward-chaining production system presents a new set of problems to the artificial intelligence community. Also, even with all the speedups, large production system runs take hours to complete, and a major portion of this time is attributable to PSM. Match technology remains a large and centralized component of system performance. To that extent, providing sufficient speedups in the match in these systems may still be useful. Performance issues of production system execution are discussed, and a common set of benchmarks and test cases is called for. It is argued that parallel algorithms for match, resolve, and fire are all interesting and difficult problems to solve, and should be the focus of research by the PSM community.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Prediction of Optical Sensor Behaviors in a Nuclear Reactor Core using Temporal Convolutional Networks (2021)

Fiber optic sensor inscribed in radiation-harden fibers can withstand high neutron flux in an operating nuclear reactor. Machine-learning algorithm using temporal convolutional networks was used to mitigate sensor drift and abnormal event prediction.
Electron-energy-loss function ofLiTaO3andLiNbO3by x-ray photoemission spectroscopy: Theory and experiment (1998)

We report experimental energy-loss structures in x-ray photoemission spectra of single crystalline ${\mathrm{LiTaO}}_{3}$ and ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$, and then compare these with theoretical electron-energy-loss functions calculated from first principles using the full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave method in the local-density approximation. The energy-loss structure of core electrons can be approximated by a sum of four components: for ${\mathrm{LiTaO}}_{3},$ the peaks positioned at 8.0, 13.4, 15.8, and 22.6 eV; for ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3},$ those positioned at 7.0, 12.0, 14.5, and 21.8 eV. The momentum matrix elements between Bloch functions were evaluated to determine the electron energy-loss functions. The theoretical electron-energy-loss functions agreed fairly well with the experimental one. The experimental peaks positioned at 8.0, 13.4, and 15.8 eV for ${\mathrm{LiTaO}}_{3}$ and those at 7.0, 12.0, and 14.5 eV for ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ were assigned to the interband transitions from the valence band to the conduction bands. The peaks at 22.6 eV for ${\mathrm{LiTaO}}_{3}$ and 21.8 eV for ${\mathrm{LiNbO}}_{3}$ were ascribed to the electron excitation from the $\mathrm{O}2s$ level to the lower conduction band.
TableQnA: Answering List Intent Queries With Web Tables (2020)

The web contains a vast corpus of HTML tables. They can be used to provide direct answers to many web queries. We focus on answering two classes of queries with those tables: those seeking lists of entities (e.g., `cities in california') and those seeking superlative entities (e.g., `largest city in california'). The main challenge is to achieve high precision with significant coverage. Existing approaches train machine learning models to select the answer from the candidates; they rely on textual match features between the query and the content of the table along with features capturing table quality/importance. These features alone are inadequate for achieving the above goals. Our main insight is that we can improve precision by (i) first extracting intent (structured information) from the query for the above query classes and (ii) then performing structure-aware matching (instead of just textual matching) between the extracted intent and the candidates to select the answer. We model (i) as a sequence tagging task. We leverage state-of-the-art deep neural network models with word embeddings. The model requires large scale training data which is expensive to obtain via manual labeling; we therefore develop a novel method to automatically generate the training data. For (ii), we develop novel features to compute structure-aware match and train a machine learning model. Our experiments on real-life web search queries show that (i) our intent extractor for list and superlative intent queries has significantly higher precision and coverage compared with baseline approaches and (ii) our table answer selector significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art baseline approach. This technology has been used in production by Microsoft's Bing search engine since 2016.
A comparison of fractal dimension algorithms using synthetic and experimental data (2003)

The fractal dimension (FD) of a waveform represents a powerful tool for transient detection. In particular, in analysis of electroencephalograms (EEG) and electrocardiograms (EGG), this feature has been used to identify and distinguish specific states of physiologic function. A variety of algorithms are available for the computation of FD. In this study, the most common methods of estimating the FD of biomedical signals are analyzed and compared. The analysis is performed over both synthetic data and intracranial EEG (IEEG) data recorded during pre-surgical evaluation of individuals with epileptic seizures. The advantages and drawbacks of each technique are highlighted. The effects of window size, number of overlapping points, and signal to noise ratio (SNR) are evaluated for each method. This study demonstrates that a careful selection of FD algorithm is required for specific applications.
Methoxy-Monobenzoylmethane Protects Human Skin against UV-Induced Damage by Conversion to Avobenzone and Radical Scavenging (2021)

Avobenzone, one of the most commonly used UV filters in topical sunscreens, is susceptible to photodegradation with a consequential reduction of its UV absorbing properties. This loss of function may lead to skin irritation, photodermatosis, and photoallergic reactions caused by photodegradation byproducts. In this work, we aim to address this issue with a substance named methoxy-monobenzoylmethane (MeO-MBM), which is neither a UVB nor a UVA filter, but which converts to avobenzone, a known and approved UVA filter, under mainly UVB light irradiation. The antioxidant and intracellular radical formation properties of MeO-MBM were compared to the ones of avobenzone. The UV irradiation of MeO-MBM led to an increase in UV absorption primarily in the UVA range after conversion, both in vitro and in vivo. HPTLC and UHPLC studies illustrate the conversion of MeO-MBM to avobenzone in vitro after irradiation at 250 kJ/m<sup>2</sup>, reaching a conversion rate of 48.8%. A stable molecular antioxidant activity was observed, since 100-µM MeO-MBM was measured to be 11.2% in the DPPH assay, with a decrease to 9.7% after irradiation. In comparison, the molecular antioxidant activity of 100-µM avobenzone was determined to be 0.8%. In keratinocytes, MeO-MBM reduces the intracellular ROS by 90% and avobenzone by 75% with tBHP as the inducer and by 53% and 57%, respectively, when induced by pyocyanin, indicating the redox scavenging capacity of both these molecules. These results indicate that MeO-MBM functions initially as an antioxidant material and as a photoantioxidant during its conversion process to avobenzone. This research provides insight into the development of active ingredients for topical applications with dynamic functionalities. Using this approach, we demonstrate the possibility to extend the UV protection offered to skin cells while combating cellular stress in parallel.
Vibration analysis via neural network inverse models to determine aircraft engine unbalance condition (2004)

This paper describes the use of artificial neural networks (ANNs) with the vibration data from real flight tests for detecting engine health condition - mass imbalance herein. Order-tracking data, calculated from time series is used as the input to the neural networks to determine the amount and location of mass imbalance on aircraft engines. Several neural network methods, including multilayer perceptron (MLP), extended Kalman filter (EKF) and support vector machines (SVMs) are used in the neural network inverse model for the performance comparison. The promising performances are presented at the end.
Photonic processing of ultra-wideband signals (2015)

We examine how and where nonlinear optical phenomena has and could have impact on wideband signal processing. The emphasis here is on analog microwave signals within antenna systems and suitable for over-air transmission.
A flexible transmission scheme for 4G wireless systems (2005)

info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
157 nm resist materials: Progress report (2000)

Many semiconductor device manufacturers plan to make products with 157 nm lithography beginning in 2004. There is, at this time, no functional photoresist suitable for 157 nm exposure. Developing resist materials for 157 nm lithography is particularly challenging since water, oxygen, and even polyethylene are strongly absorbing at this wavelength. A modular approach to the design of a single layer resist for 157 nm has been undertaken. In this approach, the resist has been conceptually segmented into four functional modules: an acidic group, an acid labile protecting group, an etch resistant moiety, and a polymer backbone. Each of these modules has an assigned function and each must be transparent at 157 nm. Progress has been made toward finding candidate structures for each of these modules. We have demonstrated that acidic bistrifluoromethylcarbinols are very transparent at 157 nm and function efficiently in chemically amplified resists with both high and low activation energy protecting groups. Judicious incorporation of fluorine in acrylates and alicyclics has provided etch resistant polymers with greatly improved transparency at 157 nm. In particular, esters of poly(α-trifluromethylacrylic acid) are far more transparent than their protio analogs. The Diels–Alder adducts derived from reaction of these and other fluorinated alkenes with cyclopentadiene offer a route to a wide range of alicyclic monomers that show great promise as transparent, etch resistant platforms for the design of 157 nm resists. Polymers of this sort with absorbance below 2 per micrometer are reported.
Thermoluminescence of BaSO4 : Eu irradiated with 48 MeV Li3+and 150 MeV Ag12+ions (2008)

The effects of irradiation by 48 MeV Li3+ and 150 MeV Ag12+ ion beams on the thermoluminescence (TL) of BaSO4 : Eu phosphor are studied. Samples in the form of pellets were exposed to different fluences in the range 1 × 109–5 × 1011 ions cm−2. The modifications in TL glow curves of the materials irradiated by lithium (Li) and silver (Ag) beams are essentially similar to those induced by γ-ray irradiation. There is a significant variation in the relative intensity between the main glow peak at 497 K and the small shoulder at 465 K. This variation is more dominant in the samples irradiated by Ag ions. This has been attributed to the change in the population of the luminescent/trapping centres (LCs/TCs) during the bombardment by high-energy heavy ions. The relative TL efficiency values of BaSO4 : Eu to 48 MeV Li and 150 MeV Ag ion beams have been measured relative to 0.662 MeV γ-rays of 137Cs and are found to be 0.374 and 0.0017, respectively. It is found that BaSO4 : Eu phosphor is suitable for recording irradiation from light ions (Li) as well as heavy ions (Ag) as it shows linearity in its TL responses over wide ranges of fluences of ion beams. It is linear in the ranges 1 × 109–1 × 1011 and 1 × 109–1 × 1010 ions cm−2 for Li and Ag ion beams, respectively. This property along with its low fading make BaSO4 : Eu phosphor a good candidate to be used as a dosimeter for cosmic rays and medical applications.
Low-latency fiber-millimeter-wave system for future mobile fronthauling (2016)

A seamless combination of fiber and millimeter-wave (MMW) systems can be very attractive for future heterogeneous mobile networks such as 5G because of its flexibility and high bandwidth. Analog mobile signal transmission over seamless fiber-MMW systems is very promising to reduce the latency and the required band-width, and to simplify the systems. However, stable and high-performance seamless systems are indispensable to conserve the quality of the analog signal transmission. In this paper, we present several technologies to develop such seamless fiber-MMW systems. In the downlink direction, a high-performance system can be realized using a high-quality optical MMW signal generator and a self-homodyne MMW signal detector. In the uplink direction, a cascade of radio-on-radio and radio-over-fiber systems using a burst-mode optical amplifier can support bursty radio signal transmission. A full-duplex transmission with negligible interference effects can be realized using frequency multiplexing in the radio link and wavelength-division multiplexing in the optical link. A high-spectral efficiency MMW-over-fiber system using an intermediate frequency-over-fiber system and a high-quality remote delivery of a local oscillator signal is highly desirable to reduce the costs.