gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of the Gas-Phase Catalytic Isomerization of Xylenes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of the Gas-Phase Catalytic Isomerization of XylenesAvelino Corma and Antonio CortésCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1980, 19, 2, 263–267Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260074a011https://doi.org/10.1021/i260074a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views238Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Zero wear concept using bionotox and polymer‐free engine oils with triboactive materials (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to underline the future need for OEMs to receive lowSAP, polymer‐ and metal‐free engine oils with high‐viscosity indices and to illuminate for other OEMs the technical feasibility for application of alternative engine oils based on esters or blends of hydrocarbons with esters or polyglycols. Design/methodology/approach The strategic goal depends technically on the use of intrinsic properties of alternative base fluids, thus substituing some additives, like anti‐wear, extreme pressure and viscosity index improvers. The prone wear resistance of novel triboactive/‐reactive materials enables higher portions of mixed/boundary lubrication generated by oils with a lower viscosity. Findings Overall, the different bionotox and low‐ash prototype engine oils with reduced additive contents displayed isoperformance regarding the tribological behaviour against cast iron and triboreactive materials. APS‐Ti n −2 Cr 2 O 2 n −1 displayed an overall wear resistance comparable with grey cast iron with high‐carbon content and liner wear reduction of one order of magnitude when mated with Mo‐based rings. Both tests confirmed the potential for substituing molybdenum‐based rings by APS‐Ti n −2 Cr 2 O 2 n −1 . The most significant reduction in “system wear” down to “zero wear” was demonstrated by mating the APS‐Ti n −2 Cr 2 O 2 n −1 coated piston rings with smooth machined HVOF‐(Ti,Mo)(C,N) liner coatings. Research limitations/implications As lubricants are today not part of the core business of automotive OEMs, the next steps have to be proposed by the petrochemical suppliers. It is recalled here that some OEMs in their history developed and produced lubricants. Practical implications The customer will appreciate any increase in longevity resulting in reduced maintenance. The OEM now owns, under increased solicitations, now a future‐oriented tool box in order to respond to environmental and CAFÉ demands with reasonable cost management. Originality/value This OEM report displays the complete methodology in order to adopt alternative engine oils in existing engine architectures.
Effect of nozzle orientation on the gas dynamics of inert-gas laser cutting of mild steel (1997)

This investigation applies sonic and supersonic coaxial and off-axis nozzles to the cutting of mild steel sheet of 1–4 mm thickness. A 1.5 kW CW CO2 laser is used with nitrogen as the assist gas. Sonic coaxial cutting is compared to that of off-axis nozzles, which vary in orientation from 20–60° behind the laser axis and in exit Mach number from 1 to 2.4. Results show a 50% increase in maximum cutting speed at approximately a 40° off-axis nozzle angle. In comparison, variations in off-axis nozzle exit Mach number have little effect. A scale-model kerf was used to visualize the kerf gas dynamics, revealing that nozzle angles of 0–20° cause a shock wave/boundary layer interaction with flow separation inside the kerf. Angles of 20–45° alleviate this interaction, producing a uniform supersonic flow throughout the kerf, which yields high cutting speeds due to uniformly high shear forces. For nozzle angles greater than 45°, the assist gas is diverted away from the kerf, reducing cutting speed. Cut edge quality observations were also conducted to verify the results of the model tests.
Grant-Free Access with Multipacket Reception: Analysis and Reinforcement Learning Optimization (2019)

Grant-free access has been identified by 3GPP as a potential solution for Industrial Internet-of-Things applications in 5G networks. It allows to decrease overhead and delay, but it is also prone to collisions in the high-load regime. To reduce the effects of collisions, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access or other Successive Interference Cancellation (SIC) protocols can be applied, allowing to partially recover collisions. In this paper, we abstract the grant-free access protocols with SIC with a K-Multipacket Reception ( K-MPR) model. Based on this abstraction, we analyze its one-frame and steady-state throughput, delay and failure probability under different backoff schemes. Furthermore, we propose a reinforcement learning approach to allocate grant-free resources dynamically in order to maximize the normalized throughput of the protocol. Monte-Carlo simulations are employed to confirm the accuracy of analytical results and to evaluate the throughput, delay, and reliability of the proposed resource allocation approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Extension of the Eschenmoser Sulfide Contraction/Iminoester Cyclization Method to the Synthesis of Tolyporphin Chromophore. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Study on cavitation behavior during high-intensity focused ultrasound exposure by using optical and ultrasonic imaging (2016)

Abstract Cavitation bubbles are known to enhance the heating effect of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). In our previous study, the use of a “triggered HIFU” sequence consisting of a high-intensity pulse and a relatively low-intensity burst was proposed as an effective method to utilize the effect of cavitation bubbles. However, the duration of each component in the sequence has not been optimized. In this study, optical imaging was carried out to observe the behavior of cavitation bubbles in a gel phantom during the triggered HIFU exposure. Ultrasound imaging using the pulse inversion method was also conducted to detect the behavior of the bubbles. The results suggest that the oscillation of cavitation bubbles become inactive as the duration of HIFU burst exposure increases to the order of 10 ms. It was also suggested that ultrasonic imaging has potential use for detecting a change in the oscillation of cavitation bubbles for optimizing a triggered HIFU sequence.
Low incidence ofBRCA1 mutations among Italian families with breast and ovarian cancer (1998)

Most familial breast or ovarian cancers are thought to be due to highly penetrant mutations in the predisposing genes BRCA1 and BRCA2. The cloning of these genes has opened a new era for the genetic counseling of women with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer. To estimate the incidence of detectable BRCA1 mutations and to define the eligibility criteria for genetic testing in the Italian population, a total of 53 patients belonging to 46 families clustering multiple cases of breast and/or ovarian cancer were investigated. Seven families presented with ovarian cancer only, 16 had both ovarian and breast cancers, and 23 were characterized by breast cancer only. Using a combination of protein truncation test (PTT) and single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis followed, when necessary, by direct sequencing, we found 8 distinct mutations, 2 of these not reported before. Five frameshift and 2 nonsense mutations led to a truncated protein. One mutation was a missense substitution involving a cysteine in the zinc finger domain. One variant creating an ETS binding site in intron I was found but its role was not defined. The percentage of families carrying mutations was 17%. Among the families characterized by ovarian cancer only and by breast and ovarian cancer, the percentage of BRCA1 mutations was 57% and 12.5%, respectively. In contrast, the percentage of altered BRCA1 in families with only breast cancers was 9%. In the 46 Italian families studied, BRCA1 mutations were detected in fewer kindreds than those previously hypothesized based on linkage analysis, especially when these were characterized by breast cancers only. Our results indicate that families with a low number of cancer patients should be referred for BRCA1 genetic testing mainly when ovarian cancer is present.
Selectin Inhibitors (2003)

This chapter contains sections titled: Inflammatory Processes Inhibitor Design Sialyl LewisX Mimetics Concept of Multivalency/Polyvalent Mimetics Conclusion
Retrieval of atmospheric methane from high spectral resolution satellite measurements: a correction for cirrus cloud effects (2009)

We assessed the accuracy of methane (CH(4)) retrievals from synthetic radiance spectra particular to Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite observations. We focused on estimating the CH(4) vertical column amount from an atmosphere that includes thin cirrus clouds, taking into account uncertain meteorological conditions. A photon path-length probability density function (PPDF)-based method was adapted to correct for atmospheric scattering effects in CH(4) retrievals. This method was shown to provide similar retrieval accuracy as compared to a carbon dioxide (CO(2))-proxy-based correction approach. It infers some advantages of PPDF-based method for methane retrievals under high variability of CO(2) abundance.
Recent Advances in Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Science (2003)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family of nuclear receptors, a set of three receptor sub-types encoded by distinct genes, function as lipid sensors to regulate a broad range of genes in many metabolically active tissues. Synthetic PPAR agonists have exhibited therapeutic benefits in treating diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. The discovery of PPAR-specific ligands has led to significant advancement in our understanding of the structure of these receptor proteins and the molecular mechanism of their ligand-dependent activation. Herein, we present both recent progress in the functional analysis of these orphan receptors and the confirmation of the PPARs as molecular targets for the development of new medicines to treat human metabolic disease.
CATT maakt aardbeimijt en aaltjes het leven zuur (2011)

Een aangepaste CATT van aardbeiplanten tegen aardbeimijt blijkt ook werkzaam te zijn tegen de plantparasitaire aaltjes Pratylenchus penetrans en Meloidogyne hapla. Een mooie meevaller voor gezond uitgangsmateriaal.
Effect of temperature on the structure and dynamics of triblock polyelectrolyte gels (2018)

Triblock polyelectrolyte gels were characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The oppositely charged end blocks self-assemble into polyelectrolyte complex cores, while the neutral poly(ethylene oxide) middle block bridges adjacent cores. The size of the polyelectrolyte complex core does not change with temperature. However, the neutral middle block displays a temperature-dependent conformation. The liquid-like order of the complex core within the gel phase leads to stretched bridging chains that approach their unperturbed dimensions with increasing concentration. A stretch ratio for bridging chains was defined as the ratio between stretched and unperturbed dimensions. A further reduction in the chain stretching occurs with increasing temperature due to solvent quality. DLS observes multiple modes consistent with a collective diffusion (fast mode) and diffusion of clusters (slow mode). The dynamics of these clusters are at length scales associated with the SANS excess scattering, but with relaxation time near the crossover frequency observed by mechanical spectroscopy.
<title>Three-dimensional organization of chromosomes studied by in-situ hybridization and optical-sectioning microscopy</title> (1990)

We have examined the three-dimensional arrangement of chromosomes in embryos of <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> at the syncytial blastoderm stage using three-dimensional optical sectioning microscopy. High-resolution optical sectioning in fixed embryos, in conjunction with in situ hybridization, has revealed the location of specific chromosomal regions within diploid interphase nuclei, as well as the spatial arrangement of mitotic chromosomes. Time-lapse in vivo optical sectioning has revealed the dynamic behavior of chromosomes throughout the mitotic cycle. Combination of these observations has provided insights into the dynamic aspects of three-dimensional chromosome behavior.
Abstract 60: Inducible Arrythmogenicity of Direct Current Electroporation Ablation: Insight from a Series of Acute Canine Studies (2017)

Background: The use of direct current electroporation has the potential for significant utility because of its non-thermal approach to tissue destruction. However, the fear of inducibility of cardiac arrhythmias (particular ventricular fibrillation) when using electroporation remains of concern due to membrane poration and ion flux during periods of vulnerability occurring in ventricular repolarization. Objectives: Critically examine the incidence of arrhythmias in a series of acute canine studies to retrospectively determine cause and safe electoporative dosing margins. Methods: We performed electroporation ablation in 6 acute canine studies. These were experimental studies performed at sites critical in arrhytmogenesis. Sites included the pulmonary veins, left atrial appendage, superior vena cavae, right atrium and ventricle. Electroporation was delivered using an ECG gating algorithm so that QRS complexes are tagged and direct current energy is not delivered during the vulnerable portion of the T wave. Results: In 6 acute canine experiments, we delivered a total of 62 electroporation applications for ablation purposes. The average electroporation dosage delivered involved an average of 1427 Volts (range 750-3000 V), Pulse length of 100 ms, and number of pulses of 20.2 (range 10-100). AF was induced in 27.4% of electroporiatve applications. Atrial flutter/tachycardia occurred in 8.1%. VF occurred in only one application at a location of the left superior pulmonary vein. Conclusion: These data suggest that induction of VF is relatively uncommon with ECG gating and highlight its importance when using this modality. However, the induction of AF occurs with higher frequency. The actual mechanism as to why this occurs requires further systematic study.
Inversion of configuration in the bromination of vinylic mercurials (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInversion of configuration in the bromination of vinylic mercurialsCharles P. Casey, George M. Whitesides, and Jean KurthCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 19, 3406–3410Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00959a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00959a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evidence for Extracellular Processing of Pro-von Willebrand Factor After Infusion in Animals With and Without Severe von Willebrand Disease (1999)

Although proteolytic processing of pro-von Willebrand factor (pro-vWF) resulting in free propeptide and mature vWF is known to be initiated intracellularly, vWF released from endothelial cells may contain a high proportion of incompletely processed pro-vWF. Because pro-vWF is only rarely detectable in normal human plasma, we investigated whether extracellular processing of pro-vWF is possible. A recombinant preparation (rpvWF) containing both pro-vWF and mature vWF subunits was infused into 2 pigs and 1 dog with severe von Willebrand disease, 2 mice with a targeted disruption of the vWF gene, and 2 healthy baboons. Total vWF antigen (vWF:Ag), free propeptide, and pro-vWF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay techniques in blood samples drawn before and after infusion. vWF:Ag increased promptly. No pro-vWF could be detected when the first postinfusion sample was drawn after 30 minutes (pigs) or 60 minutes (mice), but pro-vWF was detectable for short periods when postinfusion samples were drawn after 15 minutes (dog) or 5 minutes (baboons). In contrast, free propeptide was increased at the first timepoint measured, suggesting that it was generated from the pro-vWF in the rpvWF preparation. vWF multimers were analyzed in the rpvWF preparation and in plasma samples drawn before and after infusion of rpvWF using ultra-high resolution 3% agarose gels to allow separation of homo- and hetero-forms of the vWF polymers. Within 30 minutes after infusion in the pigs, 1 hour in the dog and the mice, and within 2 hours in the baboons, the multimer pattern had changed to that typically seen in mature vWF. These data indicate that propeptide cleavage from unprocessed vWF can occur extracellularly in the circulation. The enzyme or enzymes responsible for this cleavage in plasma remain to be identified.
A loadless 4T SRAM powered by gate leakage current with a high tolerance for fluctuations in device parameters (2021)

Abstract A novel loadless four-transistor static random access memory (4T SRAM) cell is proposed that consists of two N-type driver MOSFETs and two P-type access ones whose gate leakage currents from word-line are used for holding data in the cell. It is shown that the proposed cell has a higher tolerance for manufacturing device fluctuations compared with the conventional loadless 4T SRAM. Furthermore, it is free from bit-line disturb in contrast to the conventional cell. It is confirmed by simulation in 32 nm technology node that the read static noise margin (SNM) of the proposed cell reaches 138.7% of the six-transistor SRAM cell and that the hold SNM can be acceptable when the gate insulator thickness of the P-type access MOSFETs is made thinner than the N-type driver MOSFETs. The retention current for the proposed cell decreases to 66.7% of the 6TSRAM and the data rate in read increases to 125%.
Functionally Competent Cardiac Stem Cells Can Be Isolated From Endomyocardial Biopsies of Patients With Advanced Cardiomyopathies (2011)

The growth properties of mCSCs and vCSCs isolated from endomyocardial biopsies from patients with advanced heart failure were comparable to those obtained previously from larger myocardial samples of patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery.
Contribution à l'étude du système quinaire Ca++ NH H+ NO PO H2O. XVII. Le système quaternaire NH H+ NO PO H2O à 500 (1956)

Abstract 1° L'étude du système ternaire NH4 +  H +  NO 3 −  H 2 Oa conduit àl'établissement du diagramme de solubilité à 50°. A cetter température, le nitrate d'ammonium NH 4 NO 3 est la seule phase solide. A 50°, 100 g d'acide nitrique anhydre dissolvent 157,7 g NH 4 NO 3 .
In vitro and in vivo effects of tPA and PAI-1 on blood vessel tone (2003)

Tissue type plasminogen activator (tPA) is a key enzyme in the fibrinolytic cascade. In this paper we report that tPA contains 2 independent epitopes that exert opposite effects on blood vessel tone. Low concentrations of tPA (1 nM) inhibit the phenylephrine (PE)-induced contraction of isolated aorta rings. In contrast, higher concentrations (20 nM) stimulate the contractile effect of PE. The 2 putative vasoactive epitopes of tPA are regulated by the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and by a PAI-1-derived hexapeptide that binds tPA. TNK-tPA, a tPA variant in which the PAI-1 docking site has been mutated, stimulates PE-induced vasoconstriction at all concentrations used. The stimulatory, but not the inhibitory, effect of tPA on the contraction of isolated aorta rings was abolished by anti-low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein/alpha(2)-macroglobulin receptor (LRP) antibodies. Administering tPA or TNK-tPA to rats regulates blood pressure and cerebral vascular resistance in a dose-dependent mode. In other in vivo experiments we found that the vasopressor effect of PE is more pronounced in tPA knockout than in wild-type mice. Our findings draw attention to a novel role of tPA and PAI-1 in the regulation of blood vessel tone that may affect the course of ischemic diseases.
Calculation of the H-Plane Aperture Distribution and Far Field Pattern for a Metal Plate Loaded Horn (1988)

Abstract : This note describes the results of a mathematical analysis of the aperture distribution of a horn which has been loaded with a conducting plate. The purpose of the plate is to improve the H-plane far field pattern of the horn and hence the angular resolution of a passive millimetre wave imager which uses a horn fed antenna. The calculation is based on the Fresnel-Kirchoff diffraction formula and account is taken of multiple reflections within the horn and from the plate. The resulting H-plane aperture distribution is far from uniform but has a sharp far field pattern. The E-plane distribution remains unchanged by the presence of the plate. Great Britain.
High-gain and very sensitive photonic switching device by integration of heterojunction phototransistor and laser diode (1992)

A photonic switching device with very large gain and high sensitivity has been developed by the vertical and direct integration of a heterojunction phototransistor and a laser diode. The device switches on with very low input power of approximately 10 nW and emits output power of approximately 4 mW under continuous-wave conditions at room temperature. The minimum energy for switching on is estimated to be as low as 80 fJ. The internal optical feedback of the device is quantitatively discussed to interpret the low-power operation for the switch-on.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>