gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Status of Technology and Policy of Nuclear Spent Fuel Treatment in Advanced Nuclear Program Countries and Relevant Research Works in Korea (2007)

Status on the spent nuclear fuel management policy and R&D plan of the major countries is surveyed. Also the prospect of the future R&D plan is suggested. Recently so-called fuel cycle nations, which have the reprocess policy of the spent fuel, announced new spent fuel management policy based on the advanced fuel cycle technology. The policy is focused to transmute highly radioactive material and material having a very long half-life, and to recycle the Pu and U contained in the spent fuel. In this way the radio-foxily of the spent fuel as well as the amount of the high level waste to be eventually disposed can greatly be reduced. Most of countries selected the wet process as a primary option for the treatment of the spent fuel since the advanced wet process, which is based on the existing PUREX process, looks more feasible as compared with the dry process. The wet process, however, is much more sensitive in terms of proliferation-resistance compared with the dry process. The pure Pu can easily be obtained by simply modifying the process. On the other hand the pure Pu can not be extracted in the dry process based on the high temperature molten salt process such as a pyroprocess. Even though the pyroprocess technology is very premature, it has a great merit. Thus it is necessary for Korea to have a long term strategy for pursuing a spent fuel treatment technology with a proliferation resistance and a great merit for the GEN-IV fuel cycles. Pyroprocess is one of the best candidates to satisfy these purposes.
Use of rotary fluidized-bed technology for development of sustained-release plant extracts pellets: Potential application for feed additive delivery1 (2006)

The aim of this study was to develop sustained release plant extracts as a potential alternative to antibiotic growth promoters for growing pigs. Pellets with a core based on microcrystalline cellulose and 3 active compounds (eugenol, carvacrol, and thymol) were prepared using rotary fluidized-bed technology. Two particle sizes were produced that had a mean size of approximately 250 and 500 μm. Results show the process was able to produce pellets with a spherical and homogenous form when 10% of the active compounds were incorporated into the core. When active compounds were increased to 20%, the pellet became stickier, and the yield decreased from 90 to 65%. Different amounts of coating in the form of an aqueous-based ethylcellulose (EC) dispersion (Surelease) were applied to the core to modify the release of active compounds. The efficacy of the coating was evaluated in vitro using a flow-through cell apparatus. The time to achieve 50 and 90% dissolution increased with the increase in particle size (P < 0.05) and the increase in EC-coating level from 10 to 20% (wt/wt; P < 0.05), indicating the ability of the process to slow release depending on particle size and the amount of polymer applied. Differences in the release of the active compounds were observed in the same formulation of pellets, except for the formulation with small 10%-EC-coated particles, in which the active compounds were rapidly dissolved (more than 85% in 15 min or less). For all other formulations, the dissolution time for eugenol was always faster than for thymol or carvacrol. The close monitoring of plant extract behavior in the gastrointestinal tract could become a key factor in the continued use of phyto-molecules as alternatives to antibiotic growth promoters and in optimizing the balance between cost and efficacy. Different microencapsulation technologies can be used, of which the rotary fluidized bed warrants consideration because of the quality of the products obtained.
VEGF ‐C is required for intestinal lymphatic vessel maintenance and lipid absorption (2015)

Vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGF-C) binding to its tyrosine kinase receptor VEGFR-3 drives lymphatic vessel growth during development and in pathological processes. Although the VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 pathway provides a target for treatment of cancer and lymphedema, the physiological functions of VEGF-C in adult vasculature are unknown. We show here that VEGF-C is necessary for perinatal lymphangiogenesis, but required for adult lymphatic vessel maintenance only in the intestine. Following Vegfc gene deletion in adult mice, the intestinal lymphatic vessels, including the lacteal vessels, underwent gradual atrophy, which was aggravated when also Vegfd was deleted. VEGF-C was expressed by a subset of smooth muscle cells adjacent to the lacteals in the villus and in the intestinal wall. The Vegfc-deleted mice showed defective lipid absorption and increased fecal excretion of dietary cholesterol and fatty acids. When fed a high-fat diet, the Vegfc-deficient mice were resistant to obesity and had improved glucose metabolism. Our findings indicate that the lymphangiogenic growth factors provide trophic and dynamic regulation of the intestinal lymphatic vasculature, which could be especially important in the dietary regulation of adiposity and cholesterol metabolism.
<title>Setting up a liquid crystal phase screen to simulate atmospheric turbulence</title> (2000)

Phase screens are often used to simulate atmospheric turbulence in systems designed to test adaptive optics techniques. This paper presents the design and implementation of a dynamic phase screen using a simple and inexpensive twisted nematic liquid crystal display taken from a video projector and placed in a pupil plane. The details of the optical system layout, the system alignment procedure, and the operating parameters of the liquid crystal display are discussed. Examples of turbulence (having strength and statistics similar to measured values of atmospheric turbulence in a variety of scenarios) are written to the phase screen, and the effects of the turbulence on image quality are measured and presented.
Severe rhabdomyolysis and renal failure triggered by a sauna visit in sickle cell trait: a case report (2005)

Sickle cell trait (SCT) is an usually asymptomatic hemoglobinopathy. Cases of sudden excertional deaths in individuals with SCT have been described. We here report an exceptional case of excessive rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure triggered by a sauna visit in a 29 year-old African American with SCT.
Development of hybrid scaffolds with natural extracellular matrix deposited within synthetic polymeric fibers (2017)

A major challenge of tissue engineering is to generate materials that combine bioactivity with stability in a form that captures the robust nature of native tissues. Here we describe a procedure to fabricate a novel hybrid extracellular matrix (ECM)-synthetic scaffold biomaterial by cell-mediated deposition of ECM within an electrospun fiber mat. Synthetic polymer fiber mats were fabricated using poly(desamino tyrosyl-tyrosine carbonate) (PDTEC) co-spun with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) used as a sacrificial polymer. PEG removal increased the overall mat porosity and produced a mat with a layered structure that could be peeled into separate sheets of about 50 μm in thickness. Individual layers had pore sizes and wettability that facilitated cell infiltration over the depth of the scaffold. Confocal microscopy showed the formation of a highly interpenetrated network of cells, fibronectin fibrils, and synthetic fibers mimicking a complex ECM as observed within tissues. Decellularization did not perturb the structure of the matrix or the fiber mat. The resulting hybrid ECM-scaffold promoted cell adhesion and spreading and stimulated new ECM assembly by stem cells and tumor cells. These results identify a new technique for fabricating highly porous synthetic fibrous scaffolds and an approach to supplement them with natural biomimetic cues. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 2162-2170, 2017.
A Compliant Capacitive Sensor for Acoustics: Avoiding Electrostatic Forces at High Bias Voltages (2018)

A study is presented of a dynamic capacitive sensor configuration that is intended to impose minimal force and resistance to motion on the moving electrode. The aim is to enable the use of moving electrodes having arbitrary levels of compliance without suffering the adverse effects of large bias voltages such as pull-in instability. This configuration would facilitate the incorporation of highly compliant and thin electrode materials that present the least possible resistance to motion. This type of material is particularly useful for sensing sound. Measured results show that for the highly compliant acoustic sensor design examined here, a large bias voltage of 400 volts can be applied without influencing its motion. The electrical sensitivity to sound is found to be approximately 0.5 V/pascal, two orders of magnitude greater than typical acoustic sensors.
Frequency of Discordance between Facet Joint Activity on Technetium Tc99m Methylene Diphosphonate SPECT/CT and Selection for Percutaneous Treatment at a Large Multispecialty Institution (2013)

Facet joints undergoing targeted percutaneous treatment were frequently discordant with those demonstrating increased technetium Tc99m methylene diphosphonate activity identified by SPECT/CT at our institution, in many cases because the active facet joint(s) did not correlate with clinical findings. Further prospective double-blinded investigations of the clinical significance of facet joint activity by use of technetium Tc99m methylene diphosphonate SPECT/CT and comparative medial branch blocks are needed.
Approximating Free‐form Geometry with Height Fields for Manufacturing (2015)

Abstract We consider the problem of manufacturing free‐form geometry with classical manufacturing techniques, such as mold casting or 3‐axis milling. We determine a set of constraints that are necessary for manufacturability and then decompose and, if necessary, deform the shape to satisfy the constraints per segment. We show that many objects can be generated from a small number of (mold‐)pieces if slight deformations are acceptable. We provide examples of actual molds and the resulting manufactured objects.
Characterization of New Structural Ion Sensor for Sodium Ion (2013)

We developed a new structural ion sensor for measuring sodium ions without using a reference electrode. The ion sensor, which is all solid state, has a structure of double electrodes, which are integrated on the base plate, inside the sodium ion sensitive membrane. The ion sensitivity of the sensor was 41.4 mV/decade in the range of 10-1 to 10-4M. To investigate the response mechanism of the potential between two electrodes, the impedance characteristic was measured using the electrochemical impedance method. The impedance of the ion sensitive membrane changed by changing the sodium ion concentration in solution. These results suggest a correlation between the membrane potential and the membrane impedance. In conclusion, the potential difference between the electrodes is caused by the difference in ion concentration of the electrodes.
Luminescence of mesoporous silicon powders treated by high-pressure water vapor annealing (2012)

We have studied the photoluminescence of nanocrystalline silicon microparticle powders fabricated by fragmentation of PSi membranes. Several porosities were studied. Some powders have been subjected to further chemical etching in HF in order to reduce the size of the silicon skeleton and reach quantum sizes. High-pressure water vapor annealing was then used to enhance both the luminescence efficiency and stability. Two visible emission bands were observed. A red band characteristic of the emission of Si nanocrystals and a blue band related to localized centers in oxidized powders. The blue band included a long-lived component, with a lifetime exceeding 1 sec. Both emission bands depended strongly on the PSi initial porosity. The colors of the processed powders were tunable from brown to off-white, depending on the level of oxidation. The surface area and pore volume of some powders were also measured and discussed. The targeted applications are in cosmetics and medicine.
<title>Distributed fiber optic chemical sensors for detection of corrosion in pipelines and structural components</title> (1998)

Distributed fiber optic sensors for use in the prevention of catastrophic corrosion failure when embedded in key structures such as high pressure gas and hazardous fluid pipeline delivery systems, potable water distribution piping, steel reinforced concrete structures, and steel and aluminum access structures are reported here. Its principle of operation is based on the intrinsic optical properties of a distributed fiber optic corrosion sensor (DIFOCS) whose entire length is sensitive to corrosion progression indicators, such as moisture and pH. The sensors can be used to locate precisely with a 10-cm spatial resolution where the moisture infiltration or corrosions damage has occurred. A low-cost, light weight, optoelectronics package can be used to provide timely warnings of corrosion induced moisture and pH changes into these 'smart' structures, significantly reducing the cost and complexity of periodic inspections. Optical transmission through the fibers can be monitored either periodically or continuously to determine the extent of corrosion.
Honecker’s Germany (1987)

AS HE SALUTED THE GRIM FORMATIONS OF 10,000 ‘FIGHTING groups of the working class’ and thousands of other soldiers and paramilitary police in Berlin's Karl-Marx-Allee on 13 August, Erich Honecker looked quite relaxed. He knew that his colleagues Egon Krenz (crown prince and security overlord) and Erich Mielke (Minister for State Security) had taken every precaution to ensure that there would be no counter-demonstrations to mar this celebration of 25 years of the ‘anti-fascist defensive (Berlin) wall’. In this, his fifteenth year as leader of the Socialist Unity Party (SED), the 74-year-old Honecker could compliment himself on a successful party congress followed by successfully staged elections. He could also look back to a number of successful initiatives in the GDR's external relations.
First results of laboratory tests of a three-sided pyramid wavefront sensor (2020)

Within the next decade the Extremely Large Telescopes [ELTs] with diameters up to 40m will see first light. To optimize a high contrast pyramid wavefront sensor for an ELT extreme adaptive optics system, we are developing the theoretical framework of a three-sided pyramid wavefront sensor (3PWFS). The 3PWFS should have a higher photon efficiency and therefore be more sensitive to wavefront aberrations than the traditional four-sided pyramid wavefront sensor (4PWFS) in the presence of noise. In this paper we present results from end-to-end simulations, and from test benches at the Laboratoire d’Astrophysique de Marseille, and the University of Arizona.
A conserved influenza A virus nucleoprotein code controls specific viral genome packaging (2016)

Packaging of the eight genomic RNA segments of influenza A viruses (IAV) into viral particles is coordinated by segment-specific packaging sequences. How the packaging signals regulate the specific incorporation of each RNA segment into virions and whether other viral or host factors are involved in this process is unknown. Here, we show that distinct amino acids of the viral nucleoprotein (NP) are required for packaging of specific RNA segments. This was determined by studying the NP of a bat influenza A-like virus, HL17NL10, in the context of a conventional IAV (SC35M). Replacement of conserved SC35M NP residues by those of HL17NL10 NP resulted in RNA packaging defective IAV. Surprisingly, substitution of these conserved SC35M amino acids with HL17NL10 NP residues led to IAV with altered packaging efficiencies for specific subsets of RNA segments. This suggests that NP harbours an amino acid code that dictates genome packaging into infectious virions.
Intramolecular 4 + 3 Cycloadditions. Cycloaddition Reactions of Cyclic Alkoxyallylic and Oxyallylic Cations (1996)

The intramolecular 4 + 3 cycloaddition of oxyallylic and alkoxyallylic cations has been studied. Cyclopentenyl oxyallylic cations tethered to a furan by a three or four carbon chain react with high stereoselectivity via a compact (endo) transition state analogous to that seen in intermolecular cycloadditions. Six- through eight-membered oxyallylic cations react differently and give increasingly larger amounts of cycloadduct derived from extended (exo) transition states. This has been rationalized on the basis of ring strain in the endo transition states in this series. Cyclodecenyl oxyallylic cations are sickle-shaped and stereoselectively undergo cycloaddition via extended transition states to a furan diene tethered by three carbons. Cyclododecenyl oxyallylic cations behave similarly, although the evidence suggests that a small amount of W-shaped cation also is formed. Cyclic alkoxyallylic sulfones give rise to the corresponding cations upon treatment with TiCl4, and the latter give rise to cycloadducts via apparent intramolecular 4 + 3 cycloadditions in variable yields. Side product formation in certain cases provides evidence for the intermediacy of cationic species which may also be important in the formation of the cycloadducts themselves.
Techniques for Supporting Wide Area Distributed Applications (1991)

In this paper we present a number of techniques for supporting distributed applications that span many nodes across administrative boundaries in wide area internetworks. The techniques derive from experiences with research prototypes we have built in a variety of application areas. Several of the prototypes have achieved exceptionally far reaching distribution, operating in conjunction with machines in thousands of sites around the world. The techniques are applicable to a broad range of distributed applications. They concern problems with fault tolerance, administrative decentralization, scalability of operational semantics, organizing decentralized information, controlling the spread of distributed operations, and user interfaces. 1. Introduction As wide area internetworks achieve increasingly far reaching deployment, opportunities arise for building many new types of applications that can make effective use of these networks. We focus here on the class of wide area distributed ap...
Recursive SDN for Carrier Networks (2016)

Control planes for global carrier networks should be programmable (so that new functionality can be easily introduced) and scalable (so they can handle the numerical scale and geographic scope of these networks). Neither traditional control planes nor new SDN-based control planes meet both of these goals. In this paper, we propose a framework for recursive routing computations that combines the best of SDN (programmability) and traditional networks (scalability through hierarchy) to achieve these two desired properties. Through simulation on graphs of up to 10,000 nodes, we evaluate our design's ability to support a variety of routing and traffic engineering solutions, while incorporating a fast failure recovery mechanism.
Vanadyl-TrBR4-Catalyzed Oxidative Polymerization of Diphenyl Disulfide (2015)

A newly established catalyst system for oxygen-oxidative polymerization of diphenyl disulfide is reported. Combination of vanadyl compounds (e.g., VO(acac)2) and triphenylmethylium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate (TrB(C6F5)4) proceeds the polymerization to give poly(1,4-phenylene sulfide) (PPS) at 100 °C. When triphenylmethylium tetrafluoroborate (TrBF4) is applied with vanadyl tetraphenylporphyrin (VO(TPP)) or N,N′-(ethylenebis(salicylideneaminato))oxovanadium (VO(salen)), PPS is also given via polymerization under conditions near 160 °C. Combination of the vanadyl complex and the borate affords the first protic-acid-free catalytic system for the polymerization of the disulfide, suggesting the overall reaction to produce PPS and H2O from O2 and protons that are eliminated from the monomer.
Performance of a Filament Wound Graphite/Thermoplastic Composite Ring-Stiffened Pressure Hull Model (1995)

The design, analysis, manufacture, and hydrostatic testing results of a 24- inchdiameter ringstiffened pressurehull model are presented. The AS-4 graphite/PEEK cylinder is manufactured using a nonautoclave insitu filament winding and tape laydown process. The cylinder incorporates 5 hoopwound rings and a shell (hoop/axial construction) that are integrally wound during manufacture. Ultrasonic inspection in conjunction with optical microscopy of end rings indicates that high quality is achieved with a void content of less than 1%. Translation of coupon data into the structure is quantified by subcomponent tests that measure insitu properties (A and Bbasis allowables) including shell axial compressive stiffness and strength and interlaminar shear strength. Analysis of the structure indicates that high interlaminar shear stress exists in the ring fillet areas. Subcomponent tests with supporting analysis to design the test method indicated that this failure mode was not critical. Design and analysis efforts focused on midbay and endbay performance. Axial compressive stress concentrations in the endbay were reduced by incorporating local increases in shell thickness and a steel insert ring that provided radial constraint of the shell to reduce the probability of an endbrooming failure mode. Steel hemispherical heads were designed and manufactured to further reduce axial compressive stress concentrations in the endbay. The test model was instrumented with strain gages and acoustic emission sensors and tested at Carderock Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center (CD-NSWC). Increments in pressure were followed by a 5-minute dwell time. Acoustic emission ceased for all pressures except the last two increments at 5250 and 5500 psi. The collapse pressure of 5500 psi was within 3% of our Bbasis prediction. The cylinder weight-to-displacement ratio, W/D, was 0.212 (unitless). Axial compression failure occurred in the cylinder midbay in agreement with our analysis.
Recognition of 2018 <sc>Transactions</sc> and <italic>Magazine</italic> Papers Reviewers (2019)

The publication offers a note of thanks and lists its reviewers.
Applying Participatory Design Mixed-Methods Approaches to Refine Twitter-Based Social Support Interventions for African Americans and Hispanic Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia (2022)

We applied mixed-methods to refine our first version of the Twitter message library (English 400, translated into Spanish 400) for African Americans and Hispanic family caregivers for a person with dementia. We conducted a series of expert panels to collect quantitative and qualitative data using surveys and in-depth interviews. Using mixed methods to ensure unbiased results, the panelists first independently scored them (1 message/5 panelist) on a scale of 1 to 4 (1: lowest, 4: highest), followed by in-depth interviews and group discussions. Survey results showed that the average score was 3.47, indicating good to excellent (SD 0.35, ranges from 1.8 to 4). Quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews showed different results in emotional support messages.
Glass‐Ceramic Technology (2012)

Glass-ceramic materials share many properties with both glass and more traditional crystalline ceramics. This new edition examines the various types of glass-ceramic materials, the methods of their development, and their countless applications. With expanded sections on biomaterials and highly bioactive products (i.e., Bioglass and related glass ceramics), as well as the newest mechanisms for the development of dental ceramics and theories on the development of nano-scaled glass-ceramics, here is a must-have guide for ceramic and materials engineers, managers, and designers in the ceramic and glass industry.