gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Root Volumes of Avena Species1 (1980)

Volumes of root systems were measured at regular intervals during the growth cycle of one oat cultivar and one ( Avena saliva L.) line and four weedy oat ( A. sterilis L.) lines. The oat plants were grown hydroponically by using modified Hoagland nutrient solution to provide the nutrient source. The experimental design was a randomized block with three replicates, and a plot consisted of two plants imbedded in a 6.3‐cm cork. Root volume was measured on each plot at weekly intervals by water displacement. When mature, the plants in a plot were harvested, separated into roots, straw, and panicles, and dried. Subsequently, dry weights were taken on the three portions The oat lines and cultivars differed significantly in final root volume and weight and in panicle and straw weight. The relationship among genotypes for root volume varied with measurement period. The root volume per plot was quite similar for all genotypes until the 6th week. After 6 weeks the root volumes for five genotypes, CI 9170 and ‘Dal’ ( A. saliva ) and PI 324774, PI 324776, and PI 324780 ( A. sterilis ), did not change much (volumes of 2.5 ml/plot for CI 9170 to 6.5 to 8.0 ml/plot for the other four). But the volume of the A. sterilis line, PI 324748, increased from 10.0 ml/plot at week 6 to 28.0 ml/plot at week 16. PI 324748 also had significantly greater root, straw, and panicle weights at harvest.
MC38 colorectal tumor cell lines from two different sources display substantial differences in transcriptome, mutanome and neoantigen expression (2023)

This strongly indicates that at least two sub-cell lines of MC38 exist in the field and underlines the importance of meticulous tracking of investigated cell lines to obtain reproducible results, and for correct interpretation of the immunological data without artifacts. We present our analyses as a reference for researchers to select the appropriate sub-cell line for their own studies.
THE INFLUENCE OF CHOCOLATE FEEDING OF PREGNANT MICE ON THE IMMUNOLOGICAL RESPONSE OF THEIR PROGENY (2004)

Chocolate which contains flavonoids, a group of compounds which may exhibit biological activity, is made of Theobroma cacao beans. It is strongly suggested that certain dietary flavonoids may have the potential to reduce the risk of many diseases. Flavonoids have strong antioxidant potential, so they may help to maintain the cardiovascular health and can influence immune response. Polyphenols from cacao liquor can inhibit mitogen-induced proliferation of T cells and polyclonal Ig production by B cells in vitro. They also influence IL-2 secretion by T cells. Chocqlate is used by people as a form of self-medication for dietary deficiencies (e.g. magnesium) or to balance low levels of neurotransmitters involved in the regulation of mood, food intake and compulsive behaviours. However, our previous research performed in mice showed that chocolate and substances contained in it have many unfavourable effects on organism during its development, e.g. they lower embryos mass and their tissues angiogenic activity. Moreover, such treatment was found to cause the shortening of the limbs in offspring of mice fed chocolate during pregnancy, and disturbed the process of bone mineralization. The aim of the present paper is to examine the possible influence of chocolate feeding of pregnant and lactating mice on the cellular and humoral immunological response of their six-week old progeny. We have found, that a daily dose of 400 mg of chocolate given to pregnant and lactating mice resulted in the enhancement of humoral immunity and suppression of cell-mediated immunity of their 6 week-old progeny.
AB006. Penile preserving and reconstructive surgery (2016)

Penile preserving and reconstructive surgery is applied in the management of the primary tumor in penile cancer as well as severe genital anomalies or loss. Its indications relate to preserving successful sexual relationships and retaining quality of life. For penile cancer, it is acknowledged that the historical “gold standard” of surgical amputation of the penis that results in penile disfigurement or emasculation should not be uniformly accepted. The option of organ-preserving treatment is possible when oncologically feasible. With penile preservation, the objective is to maintain penile length, appearance and sensation as well as urethral integrity. For the low-risk primary tumor in penile cancer, determinants of the treatment plan involve the pathological definition of the disease and discussion with the patient regarding preference based on informed counseling and understanding of comparative risks (oncologic efficacy versus morbidity). Innovative surgical options for penile preservation include wide local excision, glansectomy, and glans resurfacing. Surgical reconstructive techniques, as dictated by the extent of the penile defect, include primary closure, closure using skins flaps and grafts, penile lengthening and/or enhancement, and neophalloplasty.
Analysis of Age of Information Threshold Violations (2019)

We study a scenario where a monitor is interested in the freshest possible update from a remote sensor. The monitor also seeks to minimize the number of updates that exceed a certain freshness threshold, beyond which, the information is deemed to be too old. Previous work has presented results for First Come First Served (FCFS) systems. However, it has been shown that Last Come First Served (LCFS) with preemption is more effective in terms of average Age of Information (AoI); we therefore study an M/G/1 LCFS system with preemption. The generality of the busy time distribution gives the advantage of applicability on any distribution inside the model. For example, one can use a deterministic distribution to study a TDMA system, a gamma distribution to model a routing network, or a more complicated distribution to study a CSMA access scheme. We find a general procedure to derive the exact expression of the outage update probability -- i.e. the portion of time updates have information older than a certain threshold. We compare different busy time distributions to the ones already present in literature for equivalent FCFS systems, showing the benefit of using the former discipline. We further study how the variance of the busy time distribution affects the update outage probability. We compare the M/D/1 LCFS with preemption against the M/Γ/1 LCFS with preemption and let the variance of the busy time of the latter vary, while maintaining the same average busy time for both systems. We find that at low thresholds and low loads, higher variance gives an advantage in terms of update outage probability.
In-Situ Real Time Monitoring of the Polymerization in Gel-Cast Ceramic Processes (2008)

The method of gelcasting requires making a mixture of a slurry of ceramic powder in a solution of organic monomers and casting it in a mold. Gelcasting is different from injection molding in that it separates mold filling from setting during conversion of the ceramic slurry to a formed green part. In this work, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and imaging has been used for in-situ monitoring of the gelation process and gelcasting of alumina. 1H NMR spectra and images are obtained during polymerization of a mixture of soluble reactive acrylamide monomers. Polymerization was initiated by adding an initiator and an accelerator to form long-chain, cross-linked polymers. Multidimensional NMR imaging was utilized for in-situ monitoring of the process and for verification of homogeneous polymerization. Comparison of the modeled intensities with acquired images shows a direct extraction of T1 data from the images.
Nonabsorbable Rabbit Anti- Salmonella typhimurium Antibody as Detected by the Complement-Mediated Bactericidal Reaction (1966)

Herzberg, Mendel (University of Florida, Gainesville), Kathryn V. Kenny, and John B. Robbins. Nonabsorbable rabbit anti-Salmonella typhimurium antibody as detected by the complement-mediated bactericidal reaction. J. Bacteriol. 91:1548-1555. 1966.-A portion of antibody active in the complement-mediated bactericidal reaction against Salmonella typhimurium from hyperimmune rabbit serum has been shown to be nonabsorbable by repeated serial absorptions with whole heat-killed or living bacteria. The first two absorptions remove 90 to 95% of the activity, but 1 to 5% cannot be removed by subsequent absorptions. The nonabsorbable antibody appears to be a macroglobulin by density-gradient centrifugation and by comparison of activity and absorbability of purified gamma-M and gamma-G immune globulins. Alternative hypotheses involving low avidity antibody or antibody to minor cell antigenic components are offered in explanation of the phenomenon.
How is the perception of shape from shading affected by revealing the lighting properties? (2010)

Recovering 3D shape from shading is ill-posed, so to solve the problem the visual system must use assumptions or additional information about the surface material, surface shape, and lighting. We examined whether viewers can infer the lighting properties from the shaded surface of a familiar object and then use that information while judging the shape of an unfamiliar and irregular object in the same scene. Subjects estimated local orientation for points on the unfamiliar test surface by adjusting a gauge figure until it appeared normal to the surface [Koenderink et al. 1992]. We revealed the lighting direction and ratio of directional vs ambient lighting in the scene by rendering a nearby sphere. We manipulated the reliability of this information by varying the reflectance of the sphere. The reference sphere and test surface were rendered as Lambertian surfaces with attached shadows. Observer settings were more accurate when the lighting properties were reliably revealed by the reference sphere, demonstrating that subjects are able to infer the lighting direction and the ratio of directional vs ambient lighting, and then make use of that information. The increase in accuracy was greatest when the light was coming from below and when the reliability of the reference stimulus was high. These data show that observers can use information from the lighting of a familiar object to interpret the shape of an unfamiliar object in the same scene, and that they use a light-from-above prior when lighting information is unreliable.
Gram Typing: Gram‐Typing Using Conjugated Oligoelectrolytes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 42/2020) (2020)

In article number 2004068, Jamie Hinks, Guillermo C. Bazan, and co-workers develop a membrane-specific fluorescent dye that selectively stains Gram-positive bacteria based on a conjugated oligoelectrolyte molecular structure. The conjugated oligoelectrolyte does not exhibit antimicrobial characteristics and enables in-situ visualization of individual Gram types in bacterial mixtures, including polymicrobial biofilms. The characterization methods are simple to implement and may be used in different formats, including confocal microscopy and visual inspection.
Miniaturization of Stochastic Linear Phased Arrays via Orthogonal Design Initialization and a Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimizer (2006)

This paper introduces a powerful technique that uses a hybrid PSO for the design optimization of aperiodic linear arrays of tightly packed miniature stochastic dipole elements. The self impedance of the stochastic dipole elements can be widely varied by changing their shape. A hybrid PSO is used to determine the optimal shape of each stochastic dipole array element as well as to perturb the spacing between these elements in order to control the mutual coupling. This method is capable of evolving compact array configurations with stochastic dipole elements that have well-behaved driving point impedances and low side lobe levels over a prescribed scan range. Orthogonal design with quantization (OD/Q) is used for this real-valued optimization problem to generate relatively fit particles at the initialization stage
Supplementary Figures S1-S15 from Aurora A Kinase Inhibition Is Synthetic Lethal with Loss of the <i>RB1</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene (2023)

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Adaptive thresholding for scene change detection (2013)

Increasing the demands of digital video by developing the Internet market and the multimedia technologies, video indexing technique such as scene change detection is required to manage the data efficiently. In conventional methods, scene change is detected by comparing the value of current detected measure with the fixed threshold induced from preceding experiments. However, this can not guarantee the best performances on all various video sequences, due to their own specific characteristics. To solve this problem, a novel adaptive threshold decision method is proposed. First, histogram of scene change detection measure induced from preceding experiments is derived. Then this is modeled with log-normal distributed pdf and the model parameters are estimated. Consequently, experimental results obtained from this pdf model and estimated parameters demonstrate better performance of the proposed method comparing with conventional methods.
Reduction in ignition energy for single-shot microthrusters using pulsedlaser excitation (2002)

An experiment has been conducted to compare the ignition energy of an existing digital thruster design between a pulsed electrical and laser excitations. A 355nm Nd-YAG pulsed laser is used to ignite the stored lead styphnate propellant charge. Given the device design, roughly 800 &mu;J is necessary to ignite a 180 &#956;g charge volume with a 90% probability of ignition. This energy value is considered an upper limit. Under equivalent conditions, roughly 2.4mJ of electrical energy is required to ignite the same volume. The digital thruster concept is one approach to provide a valveless, slap-on propulsion capability for small (1kg mass class) and large satellites (1000kg mass class) to help maintain attitude or control the damping of low frequency oscillations in extended surfaces.
OUTCOMES OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR THORACOLUMBAR AND LUMBAR MAJOR ADULT DEFORMITY: A REVIEW OF 339 CASES. (2008)

Precis: A recently developed Classification of adult scoliosis was utilised to study surgical treatment in 339 patients. At 12 month follow up after surgery for thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis greatest improvement in outcome scores were noted in the following patients: lost lumbar lordosis, treatment with osteotomies, fusion to the sacrum for marked sagittal imbalance. Complication rates were greatest for: fusion to the sacrum, sagittal imbalance greater than 4cm. Introduction: A recently proposed radiographic Classification of adult scoliosis offers a useful system with high clinical impact and reliability. Continued work is required to apply this system in the development of treatment guidelines. The purpose of this study was to anal surgical treatment outcomes, and complications, by Classification subtype at 12 months post-operative follow up. Material and Method: This study included 339 patients: Type IV (thoracolumbar major) and Type V (lumbar major) adult scoliosis (Spinal Deformity Study Group). All patients had complete full-length spine radiographs and outcomes questionnaires (SRS, ODI and SF-12). An analysis of classification subtypes (modifiers) included outcome scores by surgical treatment. The latter included approach (anterior, posterior, both), use of osteotomies, and extension to the sacrum (or not). Results: Lordosis modifier was strongly correlated with baseline disability and post-operative improvement. Type C (loss of lordosis) patients had the lowest baseline outcome but also greatest improvement with surgery (p Conclusion: At 12 month follow up for surgical treatment of adult thoracolumbar/lumbar scoliosis greatest improvement in outcome scores were noted in the following patients: lost lumbar lordosis, treatment with osteotomies, fusion to the sacrum for marked sagittal imbalance. Complication rates were greatest for: fusion to the sacrum, sagittal imbalance greater than 4cm. Further longitudinal follow up will permit validation of optimal treatment by Classification type of adult spinal deformity and refine patient and surgeon expectations of operative care.
A novel 64-point FF/IFFT processor for IEEE 802.11(a) standard (2003)

A novel 64-point FFT/IFFT processor is presented in this article, named TURB064, developed primarily for the application for the IEEE 802.11 (a) standard. The processor does not use any digital multiplier or RAM. It has been fabricated and tested successfully. Its core area is 6.8 mm/sup 2/ and the average power consumption is 41 mW at 1.8 V @ 20 MHz frequency. Compared to some other existing IP cores and ASIC chips TURB064 needs a smaller number of clock cycles and consumes less power.
Struktur, Erkennungsspezifität und Regulationsmechanismus des Resistenzproteins Bs4 aus Tomate (2006)

Das Resistenz (R)-Gen Bs4 aus Tomate (Lycopersicon esculentum) vermittelt Resistenz gegen Stämme des Erregers der Bakteriellen Fleckenkrankheit Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv), die das Avirulenz (Avr)-Protein AvrBs4 exprimieren. Bs4 ist konstitutiv schwach exprimiert und kodiert für ein cytoplasmatisches Protein mit einer aminoterminalen Toll/Interleukin1-Rezeptor-ähnlichen (TIR)-Domäne, einer Nukleotidbindedomäne (NB) und carboxyterminalen Leucin-reichen Wiederholungen (LRR). Bs4 induziert in mehreren Pflanzenarten bei gemeinsamer Agrobacterium-vermittelter transienter Expression mit kern- bzw. cytoplasmatisch lokalisierten AvrBs4-Derivaten eine hypersensitive Reaktion (HR), die unabhängig von Kernlokalisierungssequenzen in AvrBs4 ist. Für die HR sind die Signalkomponenten EDS1, SGT1 und Hsp90 notwendig. Bs4 vermittelt auch die Erkennung von Hax3 und Hax4, zwei AvrBs3-ähnlichen Proteinen, sowohl bei Xcv-vermittelter Translokation, als auch bei niedriger Expression unter Bs4-Promotor-Kontrolle. Dagegen erfolgt AvrBs3-Erkennung nur bei Überexpression. Um zu testen, ob Bs4-Domänen intramolekulare Interaktionen eingehen können, wurden die Bs4-Domänen-Derivate in planta exprimiert. Durch Expression von TIR und NB-LRR in trans wurde eine AvrBs4-spezifische HR induziert. Außerdem interagierten TIR- und NB-LRR-Domäne bzw. TIR-NB- und LRR-Domäne miteinander, was auf intramolekulare Interaktionen in Bs4 hindeutet. Diese Domänen-Interaktionen sind in Gegenwart von AvrBs4 nicht mehr nachweisbar. Außerdem werden die Protein-Mengen von Bs4 und Bs4-Domänen, die allein keine HR auslösen, stark reduziert. Diese AvrBs4-induzierten Effekte weisen auf eine Zustandsänderung des Bs4-Proteins hin. Um die Rolle von Hsp90 bei der Bs4-vermittelten Resistenz zu analysieren, wurden Überexpressions- und Silencing-Experimente gekoppelt mit phänotypischen und biochemischen Analysen durchgeführt. Hsp90 interagiert mit Bs4 und Hsp90 ist notwendig für detektierbare Bs4-Mengen. Sowohl Silencing als auch Überexpression von Hsp90 hemmt die Bs4-HR und die HRs anderer NB-LRR-Proteine. Hsp90-Überexpression führt zu mehr Bs4 und bremst den AvrBs4-induzierten Abbau von Bs4. Dieser Abbau erfolgt nicht über Polyubiquitinierung, da deren Inhibierung durch Expression der Ubiquitin-Mutante ubR48 den Bs4-Abbau nicht stoppt. Vielmehr sind die Bs4-Mengen dann bereits ohne AvrBs4 stark reduziert. Die Expression von ubR48 beeinträchtigt auch die HRs anderer NB-LRR-Proteine.
CloseTalker (2019)

Secure communication is difficult to arrange between devices that have not previously shared a secret. Previous solutions to the problem are susceptible to man-in-the-middle attacks, require additional hardware for out-of-band communication, or require an extensive public-key infrastructure. Furthermore, as the number of wireless devices explodes with the advent of the Internet of Things, it will be impractical to manually configure each device to communicate with its neighbors. Our system, CloseTalker, allows simple, secure, ad hoc communication between devices in close physical proximity, while jamming the signal so it is unintelligible to any receivers more than a few centimeters away. CloseTalker does not require any specialized hardware or sensors in the devices, does not require complex algorithms or cryptography libraries, occurs only when intended by the user, and can transmit a short burst of data or an address and key that can be used to establish long-term or long-range communications at full bandwidth. In this paper we present a theoretical and practical evaluation of CloseTalker, which exploits Wi-Fi MIMO antennas and the fundamental physics of radio to establish secure communication between devices that have never previously met. We demonstrate that CloseTalker is able to facilitate secure in-band communication between devices in close physical proximity (about 5~cm), even though they have never met nor shared a key.
Integrated waveguide-DBR microcavity opto-mechanical system (2011)

Cavity opto-mechanics exploits optical forces acting on mechanical structures. Many opto-mechanics demonstrations either require extensive alignment of optical components for probing and measurement, which limits the number of opto-mechanical devices on-chip; or the approaches limit the ability to control the opto-mechanical parameters independently. In this work, we propose an opto-mechanical architecture incorporating a waveguide-DBR microcavity coupled to an in-plane micro-bridge resonator, enabling large-scale integration on-chip with the ability to individually tune the optical and mechanical designs. We experimentally characterize our device and demonstrate mechanical resonance damping and amplification, including the onset of coherent oscillations. The resulting collapse of the resonance linewidth implies a strong increase in effective mechanical quality-factor, which is of interest for high-resolution sensing.
Redox modulation of NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ flux in mammalian central neurons (1990)

NMDA receptor-mediated Ca2+ flux was studied in cultured rat retinal ganglion cells and neocortical neurons. Intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]i was measured with fura-2 fluorescence imaging. Baseline [Ca2+]i was 59 +/- 5 nM. In low [Mg2+]o, 200 microM NMDA reversibly increased [Ca2+]i to 421 +/- 70 nM. This rise in [Ca2+]i was blocked by the NMDA antagonists APV (200 microM) or [Mg2+]o (1 mM), but only slightly inhibited by the non-NMDA antagonist CNQX (10 microM). Chemical reduction with dithiothreitol (DTT) had no effect on resting [Ca2+]i. However, DTT increased the NMDA-induced rise in [Ca2+]i approximately 1.6-fold; the oxidizing agent dithiobisnitrobenzoic acid (DTNB) reversed this effect. In patch-clamp experiments, DTT increased NMDA-activated whole-cell conductance approximately 1.7-fold in low and high [Ca2+]o. The Ca2+/Na+ permeability ratio of approximately 7 for NMDA channels remained unaltered by chemical reduction. Thus, redox modulation of the NMDA receptor/channel complex results in a dramatic alteration in current magnitude but no change in ionic permeabilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Thioether Derivatives of Ethidium Bromide. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inside Back Cover: Highly Luminescent π‐Conjugated Terpyridine Derivatives Exhibiting Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence (Chem. Eur. J. 1/2017) (2016)

A series of terpyridine/acridine conjugates exhibits strong blue-to-green emission and thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) character in the solid state. An organic light-emitting device with a green emissive terpyridine/acridine conjugate showed an external quantum efficiency of approximately 25%, a power efficiency of over 80 lm W−1, and an exceptionally low-efficiency roll-off. More information can be found in the Full Paper by H. Sasabe and J. Kido et al. on page 114 ff.