gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Studies on the succession of blue‐green algae, Microcystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria and Phormidium in Lake Kasumigaura (1993)

Abstract This study was conducted to examine and determine the factors affecting dominance of the blue‐green algal species of genus Microcystis, Anabaena, Oscillatoria and Phormidium from 1988 to 1990 in eutrophic Lake Kasumigaura. The algal dominancy of the three Anabaena species, A. affinis,A. flos‐aquae and A. spiroides, took place in early summer, while the dominance of the Microcystis species, M. aeruginosa, M. viridis and M. wesenbergii, took place from summer to fall. Water samples were collected at Tsuchiura Harbour in Lake Kasumigaura. The correlations between cell numbers of blue‐green algal species and water qualities were investigated. The growth rates of algae in situ were determined. Af. aeruginosa showed the highest increasing growth rate, while Af. viridis was the lowest decay rate in the Microcystis species. M. aeruginosa exhibited high single correlations between water temperature, pH, total chemical oxygen demand (T‐COD) and dissolved chemical oxygen demand (D‐COD). The cell numbers of blue‐green algal species were also compared with each other to know any correlation. The high correlations between the three Anabaena species were observed. Keywords: Microcystis Anabaena Oscillatoria Phormidium succession
Supplementary Figure Legend from Superior Efficacy of a Combined Epigenetic Therapy against Human Mantle Cell Lymphoma Cells (2023)

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Von Neumann Computers (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Historical Perspectives Organization and Operation of the Von Neumann Architecture Memory‐Access Bottleneck Alternatives to the Von Neumann Architecture Current Applications of Von Neumann Computers Conclusions
Prospects for Prophylactic and Therapeutic Vaccines Against Hepatitis C Virus (2012)

Natural cross-protective immunity is induced after spontaneous clearance of primary hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Although this suggests that effective prophylactic vaccines against HCV are possible, there are still several areas that require further study. Current data indicate that, at best, vaccine-induced immunity may not completely prevent HCV infection but rather prevent persistence of the virus. However, this may be an acceptable goal, because chronic persistence of the virus is the main cause of pathogenesis and the development of serious liver conditions. Therapeutic vaccine development is also highly challenging; however, strategies have been pursued in combination with current or new treatments in an effort to reduce the costs and adverse effects associated with antiviral therapy. This review summarizes the current state of HCV vaccines and the challenges faced for future development and clinical trial design.
SVHAN: Sequential View Based Hierarchical Attention Network for 3D Shape Recognition (2021)

As an important field of multimedia, 3D shape recognition has attracted much research attention in recent years. A lot of deep learning models have been proposed for effective 3D shape representation. The view-based methods show the superiority due to the comprehensive exploration of the visual characteristics with the help of established 2D CNN architectures. Generally, the current approaches contain the following disadvantages: First, the most majority of methods lack the consideration for sequential information among the multiple views, which can provide descriptive characteristics for shape representation. Second, the incomprehensive exploration for the multi-view correlations directly affects the discrimination of shape descriptors. Finally, roughly aggregating multi-view features leads to the loss of descriptive information, which limits the shape representation effectiveness. To handle these issues, we propose a novel sequential view based hierarchical attention network (SVHAN) for 3D shape recognition. Specifically, we first divide the view sequence into several view blocks. Then, we introduce a novel hierarchical feature aggregation module (HFAM), which hierarchically exploits the view-level, block-level, and shape-level features, the intra- and inter- view-block correlations are also captured to improve the discrimination of learned features. Subsequently, a novel selective fusion module (SFM) is designed for feature aggregation, considering the correlations between different levels and preserving effective information. Finally, discriminative and informative shape descriptors are generated for the recognition task. We validate the effectiveness of our proposed method on two public databases. The experimental results show the superiority of SVHAN against the current state-of-the-art approaches.
H6N8 avian influenza virus in Antarctic seabirds demonstrates connectivity between South America and Antarctica (2022)

Wild aquatic birds are the natural reservoirs of avian influenza viruses (AIVs). It is estimated that 100 million seabirds live in the Antarctic Peninsula and adjacent islands, regularly encountering migratory birds that use the islands to nest. Between 2010 and 2013, we collected samples from 865 seabirds in Elephant, King George and Livingston islands, around Antarctica Peninsula: chinstrap penguin (n = 143); gentoo penguin (n = 208); Adelie penguin (n = 46); brown skua (n = 90); Cape petrel (n = 115) and southern giant petrel (n = 263). Serum (n = 673) samples were analysed by competitive ELISA and swabs (n = 614) were tested by one step real-time RT-PCR for avian influenza virus (AIV). Sera from 30 chinstrap penguins, 76 brown skuas and a single Adelie penguin were seropositive for AIV. Thirteen swab samples were AIV positive by RT-PCR, and complete genome sequences of H6N8 AIVs isolated from brown skua and chinstrap penguin in 2011 were obtained. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that all gene segments of the H6N8 viruses were closely related to Argentinian and Chilean AIVs. The prevalence with which we identified evidence for AIVs infection in various Antarctic seabirds suggest viral circulation in Antarctic avifauna and interspecies viral transmission in the sub-Antarctic region.
Association Between Early Hyperoxia Exposure After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest and Neurological Disability (2018)

Background: Studies examining the association between hyperoxia exposure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest and clinical outcomes have reported conflicting results. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that early postresuscitation hyperoxia is associated with poor neurological outcome. Methods: This was a multicenter prospective cohort study. We included adult patients with cardiac arrest who were mechanically ventilated and received targeted temperature management after return of spontaneous circulation. We excluded patients with cardiac arrest caused by trauma or sepsis. Per protocol, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pa o 2 ) was measured at 1 and 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation. Hyperoxia was defined as a Pa o 2 &gt;300 mm Hg during the initial 6 hours after return of spontaneous circulation. The primary outcome was poor neurological function at hospital discharge, defined as a modified Rankin Scale score &gt;3. Multivariable generalized linear regression with a log link was used to test the association between Pa o 2 and poor neurological outcome. To assess whether there was an association between other supranormal Pa o 2 levels and poor neurological outcome, we used other Pa o 2 cut points to define hyperoxia (ie, 100, 150, 200, 250, 350, 400 mm Hg). Results: Of the 280 patients included, 105 (38%) had exposure to hyperoxia. Poor neurological function at hospital discharge occurred in 70% of patients in the entire cohort and in 77% versus 65% among patients with versus without exposure to hyperoxia respectively (absolute risk difference, 12%; 95% confidence interval, 1–23). Hyperoxia was independently associated with poor neurological function (relative risk, 1.23; 95% confidence interval, 1.11–1.35). On multivariable analysis, a 1-hour-longer duration of hyperoxia exposure was associated with a 3% increase in risk of poor neurological outcome (relative risk, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.05). We found that the association with poor neurological outcome began at ≥300 mm Hg. Conclusions: Early hyperoxia exposure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest was independently associated with poor neurological function at hospital discharge.
Kinetics of RNA Refolding in Dynamic Equilibrium by 1H-Detected 15N Exchange NMR Spectroscopy (2006)

By implementing new NMR methods that were designed to map very slow exchange processes we have investigated and characterized the refolding kinetics of a thermodynamically stable 34mer RNA sequence in dynamic equilibrium. The RNA sequence was designed to undergo a topologically favored conformational exchange between different hairpin folds, serving as a model to estimate the minimal time required for more complex RNA folding processes. Chemically prepared RNA sequences with sequence-selective (15)N labels provided the required signal separation and allowed a straightforward signal assignment of the imino protons by HNN correlation experiments. The 2D version of the new (1)H-detected (15)N exchange spectroscopy (EXSY) pulse sequence provided cross-peaks for resonances belonging to different folds that interchange on the time scale of longitudinal relaxation of (15)N nuclei bound to imino protons. The 34mer RNA sequence exhibits two folds which exchange on the observable time scale (tau(obs) approximately T(1){(15)Nu} < 5 s) and a third fold which is static on this time scale. A 1D version of the (15)N exchange experiment allowed the measurement of the exchange rates between the two exchanging folds as a function of temperature and the determination of the corresponding activation energies E(a) and frequency factors A. We found that the refolding rates are strongly affected by an entropically favorable preorientation of the replacing strand. The activation energies are comparable to values obtained for the slow refolding of RNA sequences of similar thermodynamic stability but less favorable topology.
Sequential Logic and Pipelining in Chip-Based Electronic-Photonic Digital Computing (2020)

The recent rapid progress in integrated photonics has catalyzed the development of integrated optical computing in this post-Moore's law era. Electronic-photonic digital computing, as a new paradigm to achieve high-speed and power-efficient computation, has begun to attract attention. In this paper, we systematically investigate the optical sequential logic and pipelining in electronic-photonic computing, which together offer a solution to potential problems in latency and power budget as the size of electronic-photonic computing circuits scales up considerably to achieve much more complex functions. Pipelining and sequential logic open up the possibility of high-speed very-large-scale electronic-photonic digital computing.
Two-bandgap semiconductor optical amplifier integrated using quantum well intermixing (2011)

We propose and fabricate a two-bandgap SOA device integrated monolithically using a quantum well intermixing technique on an AlInGaAs-based multiple quantum well structure. With increased current injection into the wide bandgap section, the gain peak wavelength shows a shift to the blue and the gain at shorter wavelengths is significantly enhanced. The 3-dB gain bandwidth is extended with this two-bandgap SOA device, demonstrating the potential for realisation of wide bandwidth SOAs. Moreover, it is found that saturation output power depends on the direction of propagation, which may arise from a lower differential gain and/or a shorter carrier lifetime in the wide bandgap section.
ChemInform Abstract: BIS(1,3‐BUTADIEN)MONOCARBONYLMANGAN ‐ EIN PARAMAGNETISCHER BUTADIEN‐KOMPLEX (1975)

Abstract Durch Photolyse von Mn(NO)(CO) 4 in Gegenwart von Butadien‐(1,3) bildet sich neben dem Komplex (I) nicht das erwartete Bis‐[butadien‐(l,3)]enitrosylmangan sondern der Titelkomplex (II).
A Phase 1 Study of the PARP Inhibitor Veliparib in Combination with Temozolomide in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2016)

Veliparib plus temozolomide is well tolerated, with activity in advanced AML. Further evaluation of this regimen and of treatment-induced phosphorylation of H2AX and MGMT methylation as potential response predictors appears warranted. Clin Cancer Res; 23(3); 697-706. ©2016 AACR.
Universal probe amplification: Multiplex screening technologies for genetic variations (2014)

In order to achieve multiplex screening of genetic variations, multiplex amplification of target genomic DNA is necessary. Universal amplification technology meets this requirement by simultaneously amplifying a number of different regions within the target genomic DNA using a single pair of universal primers and thus eliminating the limitations associated with the use of multiple pairs of primers. We comprehensively review universal probe amplification and its use with multiplex technologies for the identification of the most representative genetic variation, i. e. single nucleotide polymorphisms. The progress and key issues relating to universal probe amplification are discussed and the representative technologies are summarized with an emphasis on their application for the identification of susceptibility to human diseases.
Molecular Bases for Anesthetic Agents: Halothane as a Halogen‐ and Hydrogen‐Bond Donor (2019)

Abstract Although instrumental for optimizing their pharmacological activity, a molecular understanding of the preferential interactions given by volatile anesthetics is quite poor. This paper confirms the ability of halothane to work as a hydrogen‐bond (HB) donor and gives the first experimental proof that halothane also works as a halogen‐bond (HaB) donor in the solid state and in solution. A halothane/hexamethylphosphortriamide co‐crystal is described and its single‐crystal X‐ray structure shows short HaBs between bromine, or chlorine, and the phosphoryl oxygen. New UV/Vis absorption bands appear upon addition of diazabicyclooctane and tetra( n ‐butyl)ammonium iodide to halothane solutions, indicating that nitrogen atoms and anions may mediate the HaB‐driven binding processes involving halothane as well. The ability of halothane to work as a bidentate/tridentate tecton by acting as a HaB and HB donor gives an atomic rationale for the eudismic ratio shown by this agent.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemical and Pulseradiolytic Reduction of (Pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)(polypyridyl)rhodium Complexes. (1990)

Abstract Rh(III) complexes such as (I) on reduction give the corresponding neutral Rh(I) compounds.
Mechanisms of Plasmin-Catalyzed Inactivation of the Factor VIII. (2005)

Abstract Factor VIII (FVIII) functions as a cofactor for factor IXa in the intrinsic tenase complex. This tenase activity is down-regulated by activated protein C (APC) or factor Xa (FXa). Plasmin, the most potent fibrinolytic protease, inactivates FVIII as well as other clotting factors. However, the mechanism of FVIII inactivation by plasmin is poorly understood. FVIII activity reached to the peak value of ~2-fold increase at 3 min after the addition of plasmin in a one-stage clotting assay. Then, the activity was decreased rapidly and was undetectable within 30 min. This time-dependent reaction was not affected in the presence of von Willebrand factor and phospholipid. The activation of FVIII by plasmin was an ~50% level of that by FXa. The rate constant (min-1) of inactivation of FVIIIa by plasmin possessed ~11.3- and ~2.5-folds greater than those by FXa and APC in the presence of protein S, respectively. SDS-PAGE analysis showed that plasmin cleaved the 90~210-kDa heavy chain of FVIII to 50, 48,45, 40, and 38-kDa fragments via 90-kDa fragment. Using western blot and N-terminal sequence analyses, these fragments derived from the heavy chain were identified as A11-372, A1337-372-A2, A11-336, A2, and A137-336, respectively, by cleavages at Arg372, Arg740, Lys36 and Arg336 in the A1 domain. On the other hand, the 80-kDa light chain was cleaved to 67-kDa fragment via 70-kDa fragment by cleavages at Arg1721 and Arg1689, respectively, consistent with the pattern of cleavage by FXa. However, the cleavage at Arg336 by plasmin was much quicker than that at Arg372, contrast with that by FXa. Furthermore, this cleavage was faster than that by APC, consistent with rapid inactivation of FVIII. In addition, the cleavage at Arg336 of FVIIIa by plasmin was faster than that of isolated A1 or A1/A3-C1–C2 dimer, different with that by FXa. These results demonstrate the importance of cleavage at Arg336 for the mechanism of plasmin-catalyzed FVIII inactivation. Furthermore, this cleavage appears to be selectively modulated by the A2 domain that may interact with plasmin.
Automatic synthesis of fine-motion strategies for robots (1991)

The use of active compliance enables robots to carry out tasks in the presence of significant sensing and control errors. Compliant motions are quite difficult for humans to specify, however. Furthermore, robot programs are quite sensitive to details of geometry and to error characteristics and must, therefore, be constructed anew for each task. These factors motivate the need for automatic synthesis tools for robot programming, especially for compliant motion. This paper describes a formal approach to the synthesis of compliant motion strategies from geometric descriptions of assembly operations and explicit estimates of errors in sensing and control. A key aspect of the approach is that it provides correctness criteria for compliant motion strategies.
Quality-energy aware adaptation for mobile streaming clients (2016)

Energy saving is an important requirement for any mobile devices. Meanwhile, streaming is one of the most popular services via mobile devices now. In this paper, we study the dependence of consumed power on adapted video bitrates. A novel adaptation method is then presented to balance the requirements for high video quality and low power consumption.
Automobile emissions in Mexico City (1996)

In order to determine the exhaust characteristics of the Mexico City vehicle fleet, a Fuel Efficiency Automotive Test (FEAT) unit was placed at 5 different sites over a 10 day period from 11 February 1991 through 21 February 1991. Valid data for the percent of carbon Monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), and carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) were obtained on 31 838 vehicles. This represents approximately 1 % of the entire Mexico City fleet.
Void formation by thermal stress concentration at twin interfaces in Cu thin films (2001)

A void formation mechanism was investigated in an electroplated copper thin film on Ta/SiO2/Si. Microstructural observation after thermal cycling indicated that void formation occurred at intersecting points or terminating corners of annealing twins. The calculated stress distribution was compared with experimental results of the void formation tendency. An excellent correlation was found between void formation sites and stress concentration sites. Electron diffraction analysis revealed that most twin interfaces in Cu thin films are incoherent {322} planes. The stress concentration drives diffusion along incoherent twin interfaces of {322} and leads to void formation at twin interfaces and corners.
Measuring Renyi Entanglement Entropy in Quantum Monte Carlo Simulations (2010)

We develop a quantum Monte Carlo procedure, in the valence bond basis, to measure the Renyi entanglement entropy of a many-body ground state as the expectation value of a unitary Swap operator acting on two copies of the system. An improved estimator involving the ratio of Swap operators for different subregions enables convergence of the entropy in a simulation time polynomial in the system size. We demonstrate convergence of the Renyi entropy to exact results for a Heisenberg chain. Finally, we calculate the scaling of the Renyi entropy in the two-dimensional Heisenberg model and confirm that the Néel ground state obeys the expected area law for systems up to linear size L=32.
Radiation Hardness of ${\rm TiO}_{2}$ Memristive Junctions (2010)

Semiconducting TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> displays non-volatile multi-state, hysteretic behavior in its I-V characteristics that can be exploited as a memory material in a memristive device. We exposed memristive TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> devices in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</i> resistance states to 45 Mrad(Si) of ~1-MeV gamma radiation and 23 Mrad(Si) of 941-MeV Bi-ions under zero bias conditions and none of the devices were degraded. These results suggest that TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> memristive devices are good candidates for radiation hard electronics for aerospace.
Protein Arginine Methyltransferase Prmt5-Mep50 Methylates Histones H2A and H4 and the Histone Chaperone Nucleoplasmin in Xenopus laevis Eggs (2011)

Histone proteins carry information contained in post-translational modifications. Eukaryotic cells utilize this histone code to regulate the usage of the underlying DNA. In the maturing oocytes and eggs of the frog Xenopus laevis, histones are synthesized in bulk in preparation for deposition during the rapid early developmental cell cycles. During this key developmental time frame, embryonic pluripotent chromatin is established. In the egg, non-chromatin-bound histones are complexed with storage chaperone proteins, including nucleoplasmin. Here we describe the identification and characterization of a complex of the protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (Prmt5) and the methylosome protein 50 (Mep50) isolated from Xenopus eggs that specifically methylates predeposition histones H2A/H2A.X-F and H4 and the histone chaperone nucleoplasmin on a conserved motif (GRGXK). We demonstrate that nucleoplasmin (Npm), an exceedingly abundant maternally deposited protein, is a potent substrate for Prmt5-Mep50 and is monomethylated and symmetrically dimethylated at Arg-187. Furthermore, Npm modulates Prmt5-Mep50 activity directed toward histones, consistent with a regulatory role for Npm in vivo. We show that H2A and nucleoplasmin methylation appears late in oogenesis and is most abundant in the laid egg. We hypothesize that these very abundant arginine methylations are constrained to pre-mid blastula transition events in the embryo and therefore may be involved in the global transcriptional repression found in this developmental time frame.
High-Efficiency Broad-Band Transmission Through a Double-60&lt;tex&gt;$^circ$&lt;/tex&gt;Bend in a Planar Photonic Crystal Single-Line Defect Waveguide (2004)

We present two designs to improve the transmission of a conventional double-60/spl deg/ bend in a single-line defect planar photonic crystal waveguide by locally optimizing the shape and the size of air holes of a photonic crystal lattice at the corners. We fabricate these devices on a silicon-on-insulator substrate and characterized them using tunable laser sources over a wavelength range from /spl lambda/=1.259 μm to /spl lambda/=1.641 μm. As we show, over a 9% bandwidth, less than 1-dB loss/bend was observed. In order to theoretically validate these experimental results, the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain simulations are performed and found to agree with the experimental results.