gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcriptional profiling of lung macrophages identifies a predictive signature for inflammatory lung disease in preterm infants (2020)

Lung macrophages mature after birth, placing newborn infants, particularly those born preterm, within a unique window of susceptibility to disease. We hypothesized that in preterm infants, lung macrophage immaturity contributes to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), the most common serious complication of prematurity. By measuring changes in lung macrophage gene expression in preterm patients at risk of BPD, we show here that patients eventually developing BPD had higher inflammatory mediator expression even on the first day of life. Surprisingly, the ex vivo response to LPS was similar across all samples. Our analysis did however uncover macrophage signature genes whose expression increased in the first week of life specifically in patients resilient to disease. We propose that these changes describe the dynamics of human lung macrophage differentiation. Our study therefore provides new mechanistic insight into both neonatal lung disease and human developmental immunology.
Chemical and chromatographic analysis of lipopolysaccharide from an antibiotic-supersusceptible mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1982)

Lipopolysaccharides extracted from Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain K799 and its antibiotic-supersusceptible derivative Z61 were analyzed chemically and chromatographically. The side-chain polysaccharides purified by gel exclusion chromatography were compositionally identical, being composed of fucosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxygalactose), quinovosamine (2-amino-2,6-dideoxyglucose), and an unidentified amino sugar. In addition, low amounts of the core-specific components (glucose, rhamnose, alanine, and galactosamine) were found associated with the side chains from both strains. An average molecular weight of 38,000 to 50,000 was calculated for this fraction based on the glucose and rhamnose levels. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis indicated that the lipopolysaccharides from these two strains were microheterogeneous. Qualitative analysis of the lipopolysaccharide neutral sugars, using a series of single-step revertants of mutant Z61, demonstrated that full revertants showed patterns indistinguishable from those of the wild-type strain K799, whereas partial revertants had intermediate levels and mutant Z61 low levels of neutral sugars. Quantitative analysis revealed that the core oligosaccharide fraction from the wild-type strain had a glucose/rhamnose/galactosamine ratio of 4:1:1, whereas the core from Z61 exhibited major deficiencies in both glucose and rhamnose. The lipid A from both strains contained five fatty acids, namely, 3-hydroxydecanoate, dodecanoate, 2- and 3-hydroxydodecanoate, and hexadecanoate. Whereas the overall fatty acid content was equal, the mutant strain showed markedly lower levels of dodecanoate and hexadecanoate and increased levels of 2-hydroxydodecanoate. Results of whole-cell fatty acid analyses were consistent with this observation. Evidence for an additional alteration of the lipid A of strain Z61 was obtained from acid hydrolysis studies and infrared spectra of isolated lipid A, although the actual chemical basis could not be determined by a variety of techniques. It is suggested that the state of the lipopolysaccharide is able to influence the number of open functional protein F pores in the outer membrane of P. aeruginosa.
Testing and evaluation aspects of integration of unmanned air systems into the national air space (2010)

Current developments show that the integration of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UAS) into the National Airspace System (NAS) is a process that will inevitably happen. Arguably, it may be viewed as one of the key milestones in the history of aviation. Whereas the majority of research and development efforts are being invested on developing the core technologies and regulations to enable such a leap, there are currently a number of gaps that need to be addressed to transition those new technologies to daily operations with no detriment to performance of the NAS and chiefly, to safety of the NAS. One of those gaps relates to the efficient Testing and Evaluation (T&E) methodologies and procedures that need to be applied to guarantee smooth integration of UAS with varying levels of autonomy. Another main gap relates to the performance metrics that need to be considered to support these new T&E processes. This paper elaborates on those two aspects and it shows examples of how to streamline T&E to accelerate UAS integration.
Diabetic cardiomyopathy: An expression of stage B heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (2015)

Heart failure is now recognized as a progressive disease in which patients transition through the stages of being at risk of heart failure (stage A), to asymptomatic structural heart disease (stage B), to clinical manifestations of heart failure (stage C) and finally end-stage or refractory heart failure (stage D). This review outlines the key role of diabetes mellitus as a stage A risk factor for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and asymptomatic diabetic cardiomyopathy, referring to the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in diabetic patients without coronary artery disease, hypertension or other potential aetiologies, as an expression of stage B heart failure with preserved ejection fraction at high risk of transitioning to symptomatic stage C heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. The data presented call for better recognition of the unique phenotype of diabetic cardiomyopathy with preserved ejection fraction and elevated diastolic stiffness as a manifestation of stage B heart failure with preserved ejection fraction that should be targeted for risk management and preventive strategies.
Efficacy, economics, and sustainability of bio-based insecticides from thermochemical biorefineries (2021)

The efficacy, economics, and sustainability of a bio-based insecticide produced from the catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass is reported. This synergistic approach to fuels and agrochemical production can improve both energy and food sectors.
A Scheduling Discipline for Latency and Bandwidth Guarantees in Asynchronous Network-on-Chip (2005)

Guaranteed services (GS) are important in that they provide predictability in the complex dynamics of shared communication structures. This paper discusses the implementation of GS in an asynchronous network-on-chip. We present a novel scheduling discipline called asynchronous latency guarantee (ALG) scheduling, which provides latency and bandwidth guarantees in accessing a shared media, e.g. a physical link shared between a number of virtual channels. ALG overcomes the drawbacks of existing scheduling disciplines, in particular, the coupling between latency and bandwidth guarantees. A 0.12 /spl mu/m CMOS standard cell implementation of an ALG link has been simulated. The operation speed of the design was 702 MDI/s.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHYSIOLOGIC CONTROLLER BASED ON VENOUS RETURN INDEX AND HARMONIC INDEX TO TIME-VARYING DEMAND ON MOCK CIRCULATORY LOOP EXPERIMENTS (2004)

Physiological controller that autonomously changes its operating point (speed) to meet drastically changing metabolic demand is critical for the successful long-term use of LVAD. Time varying body demand can be reflected as changes in preload and after load and if the controller fails to respond to the changed condition, dangerous situations such as ventricular collapse and regurgitation as well as inadequate perfusion could happen. However, it is known that Venous Return Index (VRI) and Harmonic Index (HI) show specific patterns when the suction is to happen. Hence, using this feature, a physiological controller was proposed such that both indices are maintained at a certain value not to make suction and regurgitation to happen while maintaining adequate perfusion. In this research we implement the proposed controller in the mock loop to show the effectiveness of the proposed controller to the varying preload and afterload while avoiding ventricular collapse and regurgitation. Collapsible tube was inserted in the mock loop as a suction element. Two PI controllers were used to maintain VRI and HI at the prescribed level. It was observed that the pump reacted to the changes in preload/afterload successfully and at the same time avoided suction, while suction was observed when constant speed was maintained (i.e. no physiologic control in action). MedQuest CH4b pump was used as LVAD in the experiments, and pressure rise across pump and pump flow were estimated from the motor current and pump speed.
Growth response of four hard red spring wheat cultivars to date of seeding (1995)

An increasing number of spring wheat cultivars released for production in western Canada are daylength insensitive. In contrast, until a decade ago virtually all Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) wheat cultivars were daylength sensitive. The impact of photoperiod response on CWRS wheat growth and yield has not been studied to date. A growth analysis study was conducted in each of 3 yr at Saskatoon. Growth and yield traits of the photoperiod-sensitive cultivars Conway and Katepwa and photoperiod-insensitive cultivars Laura and Leader were compared in early versus late plantings. Laura had the highest leaf area index at anthesis and produced more spikelets and kernels per spike than the other cultivars. Laura, however, had a higher tiller mortality, producing fewer spikes per square metre. The cultivars did not respond uniformly to delayed seeding from one year to the next. Significant crossover cultivar × seeding date interaction was detected in each of the 3 yr. The cultivar × seeding-date interactions did not appear to follow a pattern that might be ascribed to differing cultivar photoperiod sensitivity. Conway was involved in one case of significant (P = 0.10) cultivar × seeding cross-over interaction for grain yield, while Katepwa and Leader were each involved in two cases and Laura in three cases. This study failed to determine whether differing photoperiod responses would translate into gross differences in cultivar growth and yield. Thus, there is a need to develop near-isogenic lines to determine whether photoperiod insensitivity is detrimental to yield stability in CWRS wheats. Key words: Canada Western Red Spring wheat, growth analysis, seeding date, genotype × environment interaction
Multirésolution adaptative pour un système de vision ultra faible consommation avec détection de mouvement et suivi intégrés Integrated Motion Detection and Tracking for Ultra Low Power Vision Chip with Adaptive Acuity (2009)

and key words Abstract - An ultra low power vision chip dedicated to video surveillance is presented. Based on a multiresolution acquisition scheme, this CMOS image sensor (CIS) performs integrated adaptive motion detection and tracking by focusing on targets with high resolution while keeping background in low resolution. In a context of embedded steady camera, this sensor's acuity adaptation to the scene activity by waking up on region of interest leads to a reduced amount of processed and memorized data. Drastic power consumption reduction is so achieved. Processing steps are exposed as well as simulations results obtained from a high level modeling of our image sensor taking into account process parameters.
Morphological, Material, and Optical Properties of ZnO/ZnS/CNTs Nanocomposites on SiO2 Substrate (2020)

Ultraviolet A light (UV-A, 320-400 nm), which is unblockable by sunscreen, requires careful detection for disease avoidance. In this study, we propose a novel photosensing device capable of detecting UV-A. Cancer-causing UV light can be simultaneously monitored with tiny rapid response sensors for a high carrier transition speed. In our research, a multifunctional ZnO/ZnS nanomaterial hybrid-sprinkled carbon nanotube (CNT) was created for the purpose of fabricating a multipurpose, semiconductorbased application. For our research, ZnO nanorods (NRs) were grown by using a facile hydrothermal method on SiO<sub>2</sub> substrate, then vulcanized to form ZnO/ZnS coreshell nanorods, which were sprinkled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Results indicate that SiO2/ZnO/ZnS/CNT structures exhibited a stronger conducting current with and without light than those samples without CNTs. Multiple material characterizations of the nanostructures, including of atomic force microscopy (AFM) surface morphology evaluation, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) indicate that CNTs could be successfully spread on top of the ZnO/ZnS coreshell structures. Furthermore, chemical binding properties, material crystallinity, and optical properties were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and photoluminescence (PL). Owing to their compact size, simple fabrication, and low cost, ZnO/ZnS coreshell NRs/CNT/SiO<sub>2</sub>-based nanocomposites are promising for future industrial optoelectronic applications.
Measurements of ultrasonic backscatter coefficients in human liver and kidney in vivo (1995)

Ultrasonic backscatter coefficients, in the range of 2.0-4.0 MHz, were measured in normal human livers and kidneys in vivo. In liver, data were acquired and analyzed from 15 normal volunteers and 19 patients with hepatitis. No significant difference between normal and chronic hepatitis was found. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal liver as a function of frequency was eta(f) = 4.5 x 10(-5) f1.6 cm-1 Str-1. This is comparable to that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal liver and to that measured by two other teams of investigators in in vivo human liver. In kidney, data were acquired from 11 normal volunteers. The power-law fit to the backscatter coefficient in normal kidney was eta (f) = 2.3 x 10(-5) f2.1 cm-1 Str-1. This is in the range of that measured by other investigators in in vitro preparations of human and animal kidney. In order to assess the system dependence of in vivo abdominal organ backscatter coefficients, measurements were performed using two different ultrasonic data-acquisition systems. The two systems exhibited close agreement.
Characterisation of multiple carrier transport in indium nitride grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2007)

Abstract Quantitative mobility spectrum analysis (QMSA) was performed on multiple magnetic field Hall effect measurements of indium nitride grown by molecular beam epitaxy. This enables two clearly distinct electron species to be identified, which are attributed to the bulk and a surface accumulation layer. In this material, single magnetic field data corresponds to neither electron species, as both contribute significantly to the total conduction. The bulk electron distribution has an extracted average Hall mobility of 3570 cm 2 /(Vs) at 300 K with a concentration of 1.5 × 10 17 cm –3 , while the surface electrons have sheet charge density that is an order of magnitude higher than previously reported surface concentrations. The high quality bulk characteristics revealed emphasise the importance of using multi‐carrier analysis when performing transport measurements on InN.
A Tracking System For Baseball Game Reconstruction (2020)

The baseball game is often seen as many contests that are performed between individuals. The duel between the pitcher and the batter, for example, is considered the engine that drives the sport. The pitchers use a variety of strategies to gain competitive advantage against the batter, who does his best to figure out the ball trajectory and react in time for a hit. In this work, we propose a system that captures the movements of the pitcher, the batter, and the ball in a high level of detail, and discuss several ways how this information may be processed to compute interesting statistics. We demonstrate on a large database of videos that our methods achieve comparable results as previous systems, while operating solely on video material. In addition, state-of-the-art AI techniques are incorporated to augment the amount of information that is made available for players, coaches, teams, and fans.
Muscle Injuries and Repair: What's New on the Horizon! (2016)

Although we recognize the many advantages of improved musculoskeletal health, we also note that our ability to sustain this health and to maintain quality of life in an aging population is currently deficient. However, global efforts have produced numerous advances in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine that will collectively serve to fill this deficiency in the near future. The purpose of this review is to highlight our current knowledge, to outline our recent advances, and to discuss the evolving paradigms in skeletal muscle injury and repair.
Monoclonal antibodies recognizing normal human T lymphocytes and malignant human B lymphocytes: a comparative study. (1981)

We have undertaken a direct comparison of 8 different murine monoclonal antibodies that recognize antigens shared by human T cells and certain malignant B cells. Immune precipitation, lysostripping, and competitive binding experiments indicate that the antigenic determinants detected by antibodies Leu 1, T101, 17F12, SC1, A50, OKT1, and 10.2 are closely associated on the same molecular species and may in fact be identical. The antigenic determinant recognized by antibody 12.1, which has properties similar to the 1 detected by other antibodies, is present on a distinct cell-surface molecule. Our results emphasize the importance of a quantitative direct comparison of different monoclonal antibodies in distinguishing newly reported antibodies from those already described. Such a comparison can resolve apparent discrepancies that arise either from methodologic variations or from differences in antibody avidity.
In Vivo Efficacy of Laparoscopic Assisted Percutaneous Renal Cryotherapy: Evidence Based Guidelines for the Practicing Urologist (2007)

Using a single 17 gauge cryoneedle is inadequate for treating most small renal tumors. Cryoneedles with an elliptical ice ball are most effective for achieving consistent and reliable tissue destruction. The 1.5 cm template configuration generated the largest area of necrosis. Our data suggest that with the current technology renal cryoablation should be limited to lesions not greater than 4 cm.
A Dual Reporter Mouse Model of the Human β-Globin Locus: Applications and Limitations (2012)

The human β-globin locus contains the β-like globin genes (i.e. fetal γ-globin and adult β-globin), which heterotetramerize with α-globin subunits to form fetal or adult hemoglobin. Thalassemia is one of the commonest inherited disorders in the world, which results in quantitative defects of the globins, based on a number of genome variations found in the globin gene clusters. Hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) also caused by similar types of genomic alterations can compensate for the loss of adult hemoglobin. Understanding the regulation of the human γ-globin gene expression is a challenge for the treatment of thalassemia. A mouse model that facilitates high-throughput assays would simplify such studies. We have generated a transgenic dual reporter mouse model by tagging the γ- and β-globin genes with GFP and DsRed fluorescent proteins respectively in the endogenous human β-globin locus. Erythroid cell lines derived from this mouse model were tested for their capacity to reactivate the γ-globin gene. Here, we discuss the applications and limitations of this fluorescent reporter model to study the genetic basis of red blood cell disorders and the potential use of such model systems in high-throughput screens for hemoglobinopathies therapeutics.
Volatile organic compound signature from co-culture of lung epithelial cell line withPseudomonas aeruginosa (2018)

Bacteria are found ubiquitously within and on nearly every site within humans, including the airways. Microbes interact with airway epithelial cells in lung infections such as ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Development of infection results in the production of oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide that may further damage the epithelium. VAP is difficult to diagnose and associated with significant mortality. Current methods are invasive and time consuming impacting on appropriate therapy, antimicrobial resistance and financial costs. Volatile organic compound (VOC) analysis in exhaled breath is proposed as a tool for early detection due to its non-invasive property and potential to facilitate timely diagnosis. To investigate potential early VOC markers, A549 epithelial cells that were originally isolated from human alveoli were cultured with and without Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the headspace of the culture vessel analysed using sorbent-based capture of VOCs followed by thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (TD-GC-MS) in order to identify potential discriminatory VOCs. A549 cells were also cultured with hydrogen peroxide to induce oxidative stress in order to investigate potential biomarkers of epithelial cell damage. Previously reported VOCs including acetone and ethanol were observed from the infection experiment along with novel bacterial markers, which we identified as mostly ether based compounds. Alkanes such as decane and octane were also found to be elevated after hydrogen peroxide treatment of A549 cells, likely as a result of peroxidation of oleic acids.
Effects of High-Energy Irradiation on Silicon Oxynitride and Silicon Photonic Waveguides (2016)

We investigate the effects of high-energy radiation (in the MeV-energy-range), such as alpha and gamma rays, on the optical properties of silicon oxynitride and silicon photonic waveguides and microring resonators.
The invention of new radical chain reactions. Part 9. Further radical chemistry of thiohydroxamic esters; formation of carbon–carbon bonds (1986)

Carbon radicals derived from the esters of several types of thiohydroxamic acids have been trapped in a number of different ways. Particular attention has been paid to carbon–carbon bond formation by addition to suitably activated ethylenic linkages. Carboxylic acids can be conveniently converted into homo- and bishomo-acids by free radical chemistry based on thiohydroxamic esters. In a coda the tautomerism of the thiohydroxamic acids have been examined by physical methods. It is confirmed that the esters used are derivatives of the thione tautomer.
Reduced interface roughness scattering in InGaAs/InAlAs quantum cascade lasers grown on (411)A InP substrates (2018)

Lattice-matched InGaAs-InAlAs quantum cascade lasers were prepared to compare differences between using a (411)A InP substrate and a (100) InP substrate. The lasers grown on the (411)A substrate showed higher gain, lower threshold current density, higher slope efficiency, and twice the power efficiency compared to the otherwise-identical structure on the (100) substrate. This performance improvement is attributed to less interface roughness scattering at the heterointerfaces in the (411)A structure. The lower interface roughness scattering appears to result from the high-spatial frequency steps on the (411)A surface.