gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development and Testing of Steel U-Channel Slip Safe Sign Support (1997)

Researchers at Texas Transportation Institute designed a Slip Safe connection for use with steel U-channel sign-support structures within the highway right-of-way. The Slip Safe connection has two design configurations: a small Slip Safe design for single U-channel posts and a larger Slip Safe for back-to-back U-channel posts. Both configurations utilize Rib-Bak U-channel posts weighing up to 5.9 kg/m manufactured from 552-MPa yield billet steel. The Slip Safe is designed for use in a range of soil types with up to three supports per installation. There are two advantages of this Slip Safe design. First, the Slip Safe eliminates the dependency on material properties to achieve acceptable breakaway performance. In the past, all direct-driven and the majority of current breakaway designs for steel U-channel, square tube, wood, and round pipe sign supports have depended upon this. Second, the Slip Safe is omnidirectional and both hardware and supports are highly reusable due to the low energy required to activate the system. The Slip Safe designs are unlike most types of highway safety appurtenances in which performance is critically dependent on the failure of a bolt or bolts, the support material properties, or a combination of both. The Slip Safe has two advantages over other current U-channel connections. First, activation of the Slip Safe occurs with approximately one-third of the force needed to activate fracture-type connections. Second, the only disposable component in the Slip Safe connection is the keeper plate. All casting, bolts, and U-channel supports were undamaged, yielding economic advantages in high-frequency impact locations.
A Simple and Effective Co‐Catalyst for Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis Using Grubbs I type Catalysts: A Practical Alternative to “Mori’s Conditions” (2010)

“Catch-and-release”: Simple alk-1-enes are effective at liberating buta-1,3-dienes from vinyl alkylidene ruthenium complexes, as well as undergoing alkene–alkylidene exchange with enyne substrates to regenerate the alk-1-ene. This ability to “catch-and-release” ruthenium alkylidenes allows alk-1-enes higher than ethylene (“Mori's conditions”) to be used as a co-catalysts in terminal enyne metathesis with the Grubbs generation I complex (L=PCy3).
Natural Frequency Shift in a Centrifugal Compressor Impeller for High-Density Gas Applications (2012)

In designing an impeller for centrifugal compressors, it is important to predict the natural frequencies accurately in order to avoid resonance caused by pressure fluctuations due to rotor-stator interaction. However, the natural frequencies of an impeller change under high-density fluid conditions. The natural frequencies of pump impellers are lower in water than in air because of the added mass effect of water, and in high-pressure compressors the mass density of the discharge gas can be about one-third that of water. So to predict the natural frequencies of centrifugal compressor impellers, the influence of the gas must be considered. We previously found in the nonrotating case that some natural frequencies of an impeller decreased under high-density gas conditions but others increased and that the increase of natural frequencies is caused by fluid-structure interaction, not only the added mass effect but also effect of the stiffness of the gas. In order to develop a method for predicting natural frequencies of centrifugal compressor impellers for high-density gas applications, this paper presents experimental results obtained using a variable-speed centrifugal compressor with vaned diffusers. The maximum mass density of its discharge gas is approximately 300 kg/m3. The vibration stress on an impeller when the compressor was speeding up or slowing down was measured by strain gauges, and the natural frequencies were determined by resonance frequencies. The results indicate that for high-density centrifugal compressors, some natural frequencies of an impeller increased in high-density gas. To predict this behavior, we developed a calculation method based on the theoretical analysis of a rotating disk. Its predictions are in good agreement with experimental results.
Feasibility of Combined Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty and Minimally Invasive Direct Coronary Artery Bypass in Patients With Multivessel Coronary Artery Disease (1998)

These preliminary results with ICR are encouraging and suggest that a randomized, prospective clinical trial comparing ICR with standard coronary artery bypass surgery for the revascularization of symptomatic patients with multivessel disease involving the LAD is warranted.
3D Printed Fluidic Hardware for DNA Assembly (2015)

Abstract : DNA assembly is a foundational technology for synthetic biology. Microfluidics presentan attractive solution for miniaturizing assembly reagent volumes, enabling multiplexedreactions, and interfacing with laboratory automation. However, microfluidicsfabrication and operation can be expensive and require expertise, limiting access to anenabling technology. With advances in commodity digital fabrication tools, it is nowpossible to directly print not only fluidic devices, but supporting hardware as well. 3Dprinted micro- and millifluidics are easy to make, are low cost, and can be rapidlyproduced. Here, we demonstrate Golden Gate DNA assembly in 3D printed fluidics withreaction volumes as small as 500 nL, channel widths as fine as 300 micrometers, anddevice cost ranging from $0.61 to $4.50 per unit. An open-source 3D-printed syringepump with an accompanying programmable software interface was designed andfabricated to operate the devices. Quick turnaround and inexpensive material costsallowed for rapid exploration of device parameters and offers a potentially disruptivemanufacturing paradigm for synthetic biology hardware design and fabrication.
Spatio-temporal processing with ground-based rotating radar systems (2006)

This paper considers spatio-temporal filtering in ground-based rotating radar systems. After the drawbacks of the standard spatio-temporal processing in this context are underlined, an hybrid spatio-temporal scheme is proposed to overcome them. Finally, this introduced processing is compared to standard ones through Monte Carlo simulations
CD4(+) T-lymphocytes mediate ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammatory responses in mouse liver. (1997)

The success of orthotopic liver transplantation is dependent on multiple factors including MHC tissue compatibility and ischemic/reperfusion injury. Ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in the liver occurs in a biphasic pattern consisting of both acute phase (oxygen free radical mediated) and subacute phase (neutrophil-mediated) damage. Although numerous studies have given insights into the process of neutrophil recruitment after I/R injury to the liver, the exact mechanism that initiates this subacute response remains undefined. Using a T cell-deficient mouse model, we present data that suggests that T-lymphocytes are key mediators of subacute neutrophil inflammatory responses in the liver after ischemia and reperfusion. To this end, using a partial lobar liver ischemia model, we compared the extent of reperfusion injury between immune competent BALB/c and athymic nu/nu mice. Studies evaluating the extent of liver damage as measured by serum transaminases (GPT) demonstrate similar acute (3-6 h) post-I/R responses in these two mouse models. In contrast, the subacute phase (16-20 h) of liver injury, as measured by both serum GPT levels and percent hepatocellular necrosis, was dramatically reduced in T cell-deficient mice as compared with those with an intact immune system. This reduction in liver injury seen in nu/nu mice was associated with a 10-fold reduction in hepatic neutrophil infiltration. Adoptive transfer of T cell-enriched splenocytes from immune competent mice was capable of reconstituting the neutrophil-mediated subacute inflammatory response within T cell-deficient nu/nu mice. Furthermore, in vivo antibody depletion of CD4(+) T-lymphocytes in immune competent mice resulted in a reduction of subacute phase injury and inflammation as measured by serum GPT levels and neutrophil infiltration. In contrast, depletion of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes had no effect on these indexes of subacute inflammation. Kinetic analysis of T cell infiltration in the livers of BALB/c mice demonstrated a fivefold increase in the number of hepatic CD4(+) T-lymphocytes within the first hour of reperfusion with no significant change in the number of CD8(+) T-lymphocytes. In summary, these results implicate CD4(+) T-lymphocytes as key regulators in initiating I/R-induced inflammatory responses in the liver. Such findings have implications for therapy directed at the early events in this inflammatory cascade that may prove useful in liver transplantation.
Investigation of Wet Clean Induced Dielectric Surface Static Charge and its Impact on Gate Oxide Integrity (2012)

The static electricity of wet clean was characterized by contactless surface voltage measurement on silicon oxide dielectric in this study. The paper shows surface static charge at wafer center caused by a single wafer spin cleaning tool. Deionized water (DIW) rinse was verified as the critical step of inducing static charge. It was demonstrated by metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) capacitor that such serious dielectric static charge would degrade gate oxide integrity (GOI). With dissolved CO 2 to lower DIW resistance, surface static charge at wafer center is reduced and degraded GOI is restored as a result.
Making Fusion Toxins to Target Leukemia and Lymphoma (2003)

Recombinant toxins are cytotoxic proteins that are encoded by DNA sequences that can be expressed in prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells. The proteins contain both a ligand, for binding to cells, and a toxin, for killing the cells. In recombinant toxins the connection between the toxin and ligand is encoded by the DNA and not produced by chemical conjugation. Since recombinant toxins must bind specifically to cell surface molecules to kill cells, the number of possible recombinant toxin molecules that can bind to a cell is in the hundreds or thousands; hence, the toxins must be very potent.
Monitoring of the Biological Response to Murine Hindlimb Ischemia With 64 Cu-Labeled Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-121 Positron Emission Tomography (2008)

64Cu-VEGF121 positron emission tomography allows longitudinal spatial and quantitative monitoring of VEGFR2 expression in murine hindlimb ischemia and indirectly visualizes enhanced angiogenesis stimulated by treadmill exercise training.
A Low-Noise X-ray Astronomical Silicon-On-Insulator Pixel Detector Using a Pinned Depleted Diode Structure (2017)

This paper presents a novel full-depletion Si X-ray detector based on silicon-on-insulator pixel (SOIPIX) technology using a pinned depleted diode structure, named the SOIPIX-PDD. The SOIPIX-PDD greatly reduces stray capacitance at the charge sensing node, the dark current of the detector, and capacitive coupling between the sensing node and SOI circuits. These features of the SOIPIX-PDD lead to low read noise, resulting high X-ray energy resolution and stable operation of the pixel. The back-gate surface pinning structure using neutralized p-well at the back-gate surface and depleted n-well underneath the p-well for all the pixel area other than the charge sensing node is also essential for preventing hole injection from the p-well by making the potential barrier to hole, reducing dark current from the Si-SiO₂ interface and creating lateral drift field to gather signal electrons in the pixel area into the small charge sensing node. A prototype chip using 0.2 μm SOI technology shows very low readout noise of 11.0 e<sup>-</sup><sub>rms</sub>, low dark current density of 56 pA/cm² at -35 °C and the energy resolution of 200 eV(FWHM) at 5.9 keV and 280 eV (FWHM) at 13.95 keV.
Novel trench-etched double-diffused SiC MOS (TED MOS) for overcoming tradeoff between R<inf>on</inf>A and Q<inf>gd</inf> (2015)

To improve both conduction loss and switching loss, trench-etched double-diffused MOS (TED MOS) is proposed and fabricated. The trench side channels of TED MOS can provide both high channel mobility and wide channel width to decrease on-resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> A). Moreover, TED MOS also achieves low gate-to-drain capacitance because its gates and trenches are completely covered with a P-body. Our results show that the figure of merit (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> A×Q <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">gd</sub> ) of TED MOS can be reduced by 70% compared to that of a conventional double-diffused MOS.
A global proteomics approach identifies novel phosphorylated signaling proteins in GPVI‐activated platelets: Involvement of G6f, a novel platelet Grb2‐binding membrane adapter (2006)

Collagen-related peptide (CRP) stimulates powerful activation of platelets through the glycoprotein VI (GPVI)-FcR gamma-chain complex. We have combined proteomics and traditional biochemistry approaches to study the proteome of CRP-activated platelets, focusing in detail on tyrosine phosphorylation. In two separate approaches, phosphotyrosine immunoprecipitations followed by 1-D-PAGE, and 2-DE, were used for protein separation. Proteins were identified by MS. By following these approaches, 96 proteins were found to undergo PTM in response to CRP in human platelets, including 11 novel platelet proteins such as Dok-1, SPIN90, osteoclast stimulating factor 1, and beta-Pix. Interestingly, the type I transmembrane protein G6f was found to be specifically phosphorylated on Tyr-281 in response to platelet activation by CRP, providing a docking site for the adapter Grb2. G6f tyrosine phoshporylation was also found to take place in response to collagen, although not in response to the G protein-coupled receptor agonists, thrombin and ADP. Further, we also demonstrate for the first time that Grb2 and its homolog Gads are tyrosine-phosphorylated in CRP-stimulated platelets. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of platelet activation through the GPVI collagen receptor, helping to build the basis for the development of new drug targets for thrombotic disease.
Real-time 3G UMTS terminal detection (2002)

The authors study the feasibility of a real-time 3G UMTS terminal detector to be located in a restricted area. All idle terminals entering the restricted area are forced to emit signaling information which can be captured. The authors analyze the detector protocol settings and response time. They also determine the conditions it would impose on UMTS operators.
Microcirculation and Insulin Resistance (2009)

Insulin resistance is the main factor involved in the occurrence of the metabolic syndrome and later development of type2 diabetes. Despite decades of research on hormone's target tissues and the identification of most diverse candidates, the factors responsible for insulin resistance are still largely undefined. There is also a large discrepancy between in vitro and in vivo insulin sensitivity. Finally it is increasingly demonstrated that insulin resistance is found very early in life, long before metabolic syndrome is established. In search for commonalities, this book deals therefore with a new hypothesis considering microcirculation as one prime, possibly causal effector of insulin resistance. To present this novel hypothesis, the specificities of microvascular physiological mechanisms and the limits of interpretations of data according to the measurement techniques used are first thoroughly described. Several chapters deal with experimental and clinical investigations showing the involvement of microcirculation in insulin resistance. This book provides sound support for microcirculation being linked to insulin resistance at least in a bidirectional way. Supportive evidence suggests that microvascular dysfunction may lie upstream of insulin resistance in many of them. While this is still a hypothesis, the authors believe that there is enough data supporting it and hope that this book will stimulate researchers to provide the necessary final proofs.
Antigen-induced T cell-replacing factor (TRF). III. Establishment of T cell hybrid clone continuously producing TRF and functional analysis of released TRF. (1980)

Abstract With the fusion of the AKR-derived T lymphoma cell line BW 5147 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis-primed and boosted BALB/c T cells, a T cell hybrid clone (B151K12) with the ability to continuously produce T cell-replacing factor (TRF) was established. Analysis of cell surface markers on the B151K12 hybrid cells revealed expression of both H-2D and H-2K region products as well as Thy-1 antigens derived from both parental cells. The mean number of chromosomes of the hybrid was 58, which was less than the sum of that of the 2 parental cells. The culture supernatant from the B151K12 clone induced an anti-DNP IgG-PFC response in T cell-depleted DNP-primed B cells. The T cell-replacing character of the supernatant was substantiated by its ability to induce anti-DNP IgG-PFC responses in DNP-primed B cells using hapten coupled to heterologous carrier, i.e., T cell-independent antigen (DNP-dextran) and a nonimmunogenic synthetic copolymer (DNP-D-GL). Anti-SRBC IgM-PFC responses in nu/nu spleen cells were also enhanced by the presence of the B151K12 culture supernatant. Both the secondary anti-BPO and anti-SRBC IgG-PFC responses in B cells primed with the respective antigens were strikingly enhanced by the addition of the B151K12 culture supernatant, indicating that the TRF from the monoclonal B151K12 hybrid could stimulate B cell responses in a totally antigen nonspecific manner. The supernatant from the B151K12 culture did not trigger anti-DNP IgG-PFC responses in DNP-primed B cells from DBA/2Ha and (DBA/2Ha × BALB/c)F1 male mice, which were defective in the acceptor site(s) for Tbc-TRF. This indicates that the TRF from the B151K12 clone acts on TRF-acceptor site(s) on B cells according to the same mechanism as seen with PPD-stimulated Tbc-primed T cells. This fact was further substantiated by means of experiments that blocked the activity on B cells of TRF from the B151K12 clone utilizing (DBA/2Ha × BALB/c)F1 male anti-BALB/c alloantiserum containing anti-TRF-acceptor site antibody.
miFRame: analysis and visualization of miRNA sequencing data in neurological disorders (2015)

We demonstrate the capabilities of miFRame, which is freely available at http://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/miframe on two studies, circulating biomarker screening for Multiple Sclerosis (cohort includes clinically isolated syndrome, relapse remitting MS, matched controls) as well as Alzheimer Disease (cohort includes Alzheimer Disease, Mild Cognitive Impairment, matched controls). Here, our tool allowed for an improved biomarker discovery by identifying likely false positive marker candidates.
hyp: A Toolkit for Representing, Manipulating, and Optimizing Hypergraphs (2015)

We present hyp, an open-source toolkit for the representation, manipulation, and optimization of weighted directed hypergraphs. hyp provides compose, project, invert functionality, k-best path algorithms, the inside and outside algorithms, and more. Finite-state machines are modeled as a special case of directed hypergraphs. hyp consists of a C++ API, as well as a command line tool, and is available for download at github.com/sdl-research/hyp.
500 The effect of comorbidity and gender on in-hospital mortality in patients with falls: results from a large asian tertiary care hospital (2016)

<h3>Background</h3> Falls and fall-related injuries are a major public health issue among older adults worldwide. Causes and prognostic indicators of death in older patients with fall are lacking in Asian countries, especially in local older population. We aimed to assess the disease burden of fall and the usefulness of Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) and male sex as risk adjusted hospital mortality predictors in older Asian patients with fall using hospital administrative database. Methods: Historical cohort study of hospital discharge database from 1 January 2004 to 30 June 2015 to identify cases with fall and comorbidity using International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 9<sup>th</sup> Revision, Australian Modification (ICD-9/10-AM) codes. <h3>Results</h3> Over the study period, 16346 patients met the criteria of fall with hospital mortality rate of 4.3%. The hospital mortality rates (2.3%, 4.9%, 6.5%, and 10.9% respectively, P &lt; 0.001) and hospital length of stay (geometric mean, 5.3, 6.1, 7.3, and 6.7 days, respectively, P &lt; 0.001) increased consistently for patients with CCI ranging from none, low, moderate to high grade, respectively. Logistic regression model analysis showed that CCI (odds ratio, OR 5.7 high vs. none, p &lt; 0.001) and male sex (OR 2.1, p &lt; 0.001) were significant and independent predictors of hospital mortality. Similar results were also seen with hospital length of stay by zero-truncated negative binomial regression model analysis. Conclusion: The burden of fall is high in this older Asian population. Comorbidities and male sex were some of the most important contributors to hospital mortality and resource utilisation.
Cost-Effectiveness of Total Disc Replacement Versus Multidisciplinary Rehabilitation in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain (2013)

2.
Spin Torque Diode Spectroscopy of Quantized Spin Wave Excited in a Magnetic Tunnel Junction (2012)

We systematically measured the spin torque diode spectra of a magnetic tunnel junction nanoelement as a function of external magnetic field and field angle using a homemade quasi-omnidirectional broadband electrical spectrometer. The electrical spectroscopies reveal a significant higher-order spin wave modes excited in the free layer, which is substantiated by an analytical model.
Investigating characteristics of a concentrated-winding interior permanent magnet synchronous machine for sensorless direct torque control (2013)

This paper investigates characteristics of a fractional-slot, concentrated-winding (FSCW) Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines (IPMSM) under sensorless Direct Torque Control (DTC). The FSCW IPMSM is being developed vigorously in recent years because of its high-power density, high efficiency, wide field-weakening capability, and high fault tolerance compared to the distributed-wound IPMSMs. The major disadvantage of concentrated winding is often cited to be its non-sinusoidal stator MMF. However, using appropriate combination of slots and poles, nearly sinusoidal EMF and very low cogging torque can be achieved. Although steady-state performance such as efficiency and constant power speed range of this type of PM machines have recently been published, dynamic performances have yet not been reported. The sensorless DTC schemes, which rely on the machine model, were applied to a prototype a 14-pole/ 18-slot, double layer concentrated-wound IPM machine. The model for distributed wound IPMSM was used for the control. This paper investigates the appropriate stationary reference frame of the FSCW IPMSM motors which should be appropriately shifted because of the harmonic and sub-harmonic components in the stator mmf of the concentrated winding machine compared with the distributed windings (DW) machine. The experimental results on the concentrated winding IPM machine confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed adjustment of the stationary reference frame according to the investigation of the difference between concentrated and distributed windings of an IPMSM.