gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Cell Nonautonomous DNA Damage Responses in the Tumor Microenvironment that Contribute to Cancer Therapy Resistance (2013)

Abstract : A major impediment to effective prostate cancer treatment involves the acquired resistance to cytotoxic therapies. Components of the tissue microenvironment are increasingly recognized to profoundly influence tumor cell phenotypes that include susceptibilities to toxic insults. Using a genome-wide analysis of transcriptional responses to genotoxic stress induced by cancer therapeutics, we have identified a spectrum of secreted proteins derived from the tumor microenvironment (TME) that have the potential to modify tumor growth and enhance resistance to DNA-damaging cancer therapeutics. These results suggest a mechanism by which genotoxic therapies given in a cyclical fashion can enhance subsequent treatment resistance through cell non-autonomous effects contributed by the TME. To date, the contributions of individual members of this DNA Damage-associated Secretory Program (DDSP) have not been defined, nor have the signaling mechanisms responsible for propagating the DNA-damage signal(s) been determined. Our objective during this grant period is to test whether treatment-associated DNA damage responses in cells comprising the prostate TME promote tumor growth and subsequent therapy resistance. During this funding period we have: (1) Generated a prostate fibroblast cell line stably expressing SPINK1; (2) Evaluated the impact which SPINK1 activation has upon the growth characteristics of prostate cancer cells lines; (3) Examined how SPINK1 secretion from the microenvironment modulates the response of prostate cancer cells to chemotherapeutics: (4) Begun the evaluation of SPINK1 regulatory pathway; (5) Evaluated the impact of SPINK1 overexpression on tumor growth in-vivo.
Stepped-Carrier OFDM With a Nonlinear Hopping Pattern for Joint Radar and Communications (2022)

In this article, a stepped-carrier orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) system with a nonlinear hopping pattern is developed for joint radar and communication (RadCom). In the proposed OFDM-based RadCom system, the carrier frequencies of OFDM symbols for multiple RadCom nodes are orthogonally switched to avoid interference while also maximizing the signal-to-radar interference ratio (SRIR). Differently from conventional linear stepped-carrier OFDM radar that does not consider the communication performance, we first develop a subband allocation method that considers both the radar and the communication performance for multiple RadCom nodes. Channel state information (CSI) of multiple nodes is shared with a centralized server, which then computes the subband allocation strategy that gives the maximum SRIR. Furthermore, a distributed subband allocation strategy based on stateless Q-learning is also proposed, which is suitable when the RadCom nodes do not share their CSI. We also develop the radar signal processing algorithm for range and velocity estimation when the stepped-carrier OFDM waveforms are transmitted through multiple subbands with a nonlinear hopping pattern. Through computer simulations, we confirm that the proposed stepped-carrier OFDM with the nonlinear hopping pattern exhibits a higher achievable sum rate than conventional linear stepped OFDM while not sacrificing the radar performance of target parameter estimation.
SpikeGrad: An ANN-equivalent Computation Model for Implementing\n Backpropagation with Spikes (2019)

Event-based neuromorphic systems promise to reduce the energy consumption of\ndeep learning tasks by replacing expensive floating point operations on dense\nmatrices by low power sparse and asynchronous operations on spike events. While\nthese systems can be trained increasingly well using approximations of the\nback-propagation algorithm, these implementations usually require high\nprecision errors for training and are therefore incompatible with the typical\ncommunication infrastructure of neuromorphic circuits. In this work, we analyze\nhow the gradient can be discretized into spike events when training a spiking\nneural network. To accelerate our simulation, we show that using a special\nimplementation of the integrate-and-fire neuron allows us to describe the\naccumulated activations and errors of the spiking neural network in terms of an\nequivalent artificial neural network, allowing us to largely speed up training\ncompared to an explicit simulation of all spike events. This way we are able to\ndemonstrate that even for deep networks, the gradients can be discretized\nsufficiently well with spikes if the gradient is properly rescaled. This form\nof spike-based backpropagation enables us to achieve equivalent or better\naccuracies on the MNIST and CIFAR10 dataset than comparable state-of-the-art\nspiking neural networks trained with full precision gradients. The algorithm,\nwhich we call SpikeGrad, is based on accumulation and comparison operations and\ncan naturally exploit sparsity in the gradient computation, which makes it an\ninteresting choice for a spiking neuromorphic systems with on-chip learning\ncapacities.\n
Genital Tract Sequestration of SIV following Acute Infection (2011)

We characterized the evolution of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in the male genital tract by examining blood- and semen-associated virus from experimentally and sham vaccinated rhesus monkeys during primary infection. At the time of peak virus replication, SIV sequences were intermixed between the blood and semen supporting a scenario of high-level virus "spillover" into the male genital tract. However, at the time of virus set point, compartmentalization was apparent in 4 of 7 evaluated monkeys, likely as a consequence of restricted virus gene flow between anatomic compartments after the resolution of primary viremia. These findings suggest that SIV replication in the male genital tract evolves to compartmentalization after peak viremia resolves.
Home-based Senior Fitness Test measurement system using collaborative inertial and depth sensors (2014)

This paper presents a home-based Senior Fitness Test (SFT) measurement system by using an inertial sensor and a depth camera in a collaborative way. The depth camera is used to monitor the correct pose of a subject for a fitness test and any deviation from the correct pose while the inertial sensor is used to measure the number of a fitness test action performed by the subject within the time duration specified by the fitness protocol. The results indicate that this collaborative approach leads to high success rates in providing the SFT measurements under realistic conditions.
Erfolgsorientiertes Kundenbeziehungsmanagement (2004)

In diesem Kapitel werden aufbauend auf den Ergebnissen aus den Literaturrecherchen und der empirischen Erhebungen Handlungsempfehlungen für die Kontrolle und Steuerung des Kundenbeziehungsmanagements gegeben. Dabei soll versucht werden, das Kundenbeziehungsmanagement in die bereits bestehenden Managementansätze der Unternehmung zu integrieren. Der Aufbau dieses Kapitels richtet sich dabei nach der Unterteilung von Horvath, wonach Controllingziele, Controllinginstrumente und die Controllingorganisation unterschieden werden können (vgl. Horvath, 2002, S. 117).
New Acenaphthene‐1,2‐diimine and Its Reduction to the Tetraanion. Molecular Structures of 1,2‐Bis[(trimethylsilyl)imino]acenaphthene and Its Lithium Derivatives. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Escherichia coli –Specific CXCL13-Producing TFH Are Associated with Clinical Efficacy of Neoadjuvant PD-1 Blockade against Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (2022)

In patients with bladder cancer treated with neoadjuvant pembrolizumab, E. coli-specific CXCL13 producing TFH and IgG constitute biomarkers that predict clinical benefit. Beyond its role as a biomarker, such immune responses against E. coli might be harnessed for future therapeutic strategies. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2221.
Fluctuating dental asymmetry: A measure of developmental instability in Down syndrome (1980)

Subjects with Down syndrome provide a useful model for investigating the effect of chromosomal aneuploidy on developmental pathways. Studies suggest that a major effect of trisomy is a decrease in developmental stability. The present study examines fluctuating dental asymmetry in Down syndrome. Mesiodistal crown diameters were measured from dental casts of 114 Down syndrome subjects. Correlation coefficients for antimeric permanent teeth served as an index of dental asymmetry. These values were compared with normal values obtained from the literature. Fluctuating dental asymmetry is thought to reflect the relative success of developmental homeostasis in countering developmental disturbances. Down syndrome subjects have significantly increased dental asymmetry. In addition, they show a disproportionate increase in dental asymmetry for those teeth reported to have the least developmental stability. These results support the contention that the chromosomal imbalance in Down syndrome results in amplified developmental instability.
Chromatin bridges, not micronuclei, activate cGAS after drug-induced mitotic errors in human cells (2021)

Mitotic errors can activate cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and induce type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Current models propose that chromosome segregation errors generate micronuclei whose rupture activates cGAS. We used a panel of antimitotic drugs to perturb mitosis in human fibroblasts and measured abnormal nuclear morphologies, cGAS localization, and IFN signaling in the subsequent interphase. Micronuclei consistently recruited cGAS without activating it. Instead, IFN signaling correlated with formation of cGAS-coated chromatin bridges that were selectively generated by microtubule stabilizers and MPS1 inhibitors. cGAS activation by chromatin bridges was suppressed by drugs that prevented cytokinesis. We confirmed cGAS activation by chromatin bridges in cancer lines that are unable to secrete IFN by measuring paracrine transfer of 2'3'-cGAMP to fibroblasts, and in mouse cells. We propose that cGAS is selectively activated by self-chromatin when it is stretched in chromatin bridges. Immunosurveillance of cells that fail mitosis, and antitumor actions of taxanes and MPS1 inhibitors, may depend on this effect.
Elasticity and Viscosity of a Lyotropic Chromonic Nematic Studied with Dynamic Light Scattering (2008)

Using dynamic light scattering, we measure for the first time the temperature-dependent elastic moduli and associated orientational viscosity coefficients of the nematic phase in a self-assembled lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal. The bend K3 and splay K1 moduli are an order of magnitude higher than the twist K2 constant. The ratio K3/K1 shows an anomalous increase with temperature; we attribute this to the shortening of the aggregates as temperature increases. The viscosity coefficients also show a significant anisotropy, as well as a strong temperature dependence; in particular, the bend viscosity is three orders of magnitude smaller than the splay and twist viscosities.
Minimizating Pulsating Torque in PMSM Drives by using Feedforward-based Compensation and Flux-harmonic Estimation (2020)

Acoustic noise and vibration are one of the main issues concerning permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. The issue occurs because PMSMs generate pulsating torque and self-excite mechanical resonance of their drive systems. To produce smooth torque, a novel control scheme using (i) feedforward-based compensation to achieve an actively oscillating current precisely and (ii) estimation of spatial harmonics included in the permanent magnet flux distribution is proposed. These functions can produce smooth torque without pre-measurement and tuning of parameters related to occurrence of pulsating torque and its compensation. Moreover, they use simpler algorithms than existing ones. It is therefore possible to implement them on a drive platform for mass-produced products such as fans and pumps. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme was verified by simulation and experimental tests on a PMSM for an air-conditioning fan.
Mapping of B-Cell Epitopes in a Trypanosoma cruzi Immunodominant Antigen Expressed in Natural Infections (2005)

Tc40 is an immunodominant antigen present in natural Trypanosoma cruzi infections. This immunogen was thoroughly mapped by using overlapping amino acid sequences identified by gene cloning and chemical peptide synthesis. To map continuous epitopes of the Tc40 antigen, an epitope expression library was constructed and screened with sera from human chagasic patients. A major, linear B-cell epitope spanning residues 403 to 426 (PAKAAAPPAA) was identified in the central domain of Tc40. A synthetic peptide spanning this region reacted strongly with 89.8% of the serum samples from T. cruzi-infected individuals. This indicates that the main antigenic site is defined by the linear sequence of the peptide rather than a conformation-dependent structure. The major B-cell epitope of Tc40 shares a high degree of sequence identity with T. cruzi ribosomal and RNA binding proteins, suggesting the existence of cross-reactivity among these molecules.
ENCORE: TOWARDS A HOLISTIC APPROACH TO PRIVACY (2010)

We make the case for an integrated approach to privacy management within organisations. Current approaches to privacy management are either too high-level, enforcing privacy of personal data using legal compliance, risk and impact assessments, or too low-level, focusing only on the technical implementation of access controls to personal data held by an enterprise. High-level approaches tend to address privacy as an afterthought in ordinary business practice, and involve ad hoc enforcement practices; low-level approaches often leave out important legal and business considerations. As part of the EnCoRe project we are developing a methodology which tries to bridge the gap between privacy risk and impact assessment with the technical management of privacy policies. We are working to define a conceptual model as a means of expressing policy requirements as well as users' privacy preferences and as a way to bridge the gap described above. We aim to show the value of this approach in collaborative case studies (including corporate personnel management, biobanks and assisted living) in the context of the EnCoRe project.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Swollen Membrane of Perfluorinated Ionomer (2005)

Molecular dynamics simulations of the swollen membrane of perfluorinated ionomer, which is composed of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) backbones and perfluosulfonic pendant side chains, have been undertaken to analyze the static and dynamic properties of the water and the side chain in the membrane. The calculations were carried out for four different water contents, 5, 10, 20 and 40 wt %, at 358.15 K and 0.1 MPa. The results are summarized as follows: (1) The sulfonic acid is the unique site to which water molecules can bind, and the other sites in the pendant side chain have no bound water even at high water concentration. (2) Sulfonic acids aggregate in the short range within 4.6-7.7 A despite the electrostatic repulsion between them. In such aggregates, a water molecule bridges two sulfonic acids. (3) Pendant side chains prefer to orient perpendicular to the hydrophilic/hydrophobic interface, and long-range correlation of side chain orientations is observed at 20 and 40 wt % water uptake membranes. (4) In a low water uptake membrane, the dynamics of water is substantially restricted due to strong attractive interactions with acidic sites. In contrast, at high water content, even the water locating near the sulfonic acid is relatively mobile. The short residence time of the bound water reveals that such water can frequently exchange position with relatively free water, which locates in the center of water cluster, in highly swollen membranes.
Power Assist System Using Functional Fluid Actuator (2002)

超高齢社会を目前にして, 介護の重労働から介護者を解放するためのロボットの開発が期待されている。本稿では, 著者らが開発した機能性流体アクチュエータ(ERアクチュエータ, MRアクチュエータ)をパワーアシスト装置に導入することを提案する。この装置は, 人力側を低速に抑えておくことによって, システムが暴走したときも危険回避までの時間を稼ぐことができる。このアクチュエータを用いることによって, 機構およびアクチュエータの面からの安全性を確保したパワーアシストシステムを構築できると考えられる。
Highly Efficient Red Phosphorescent OLEDs Fabricated Using Extremely Low Doping Technology (2010)

Highly efficient red phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) were fabricated using extremely low doping technology in a simple device configuration. They were developed by making use of the narrow-bandgap fluorescent host material bis(10-hydroxybenzo[h] quinolinato)beryllium complex (Bebq2) and red dopant tris(1-phenylisoquinoline)iridium (Ir(piq)3). Maximum current and power efficiencies of 11.60 cd/A and 13.02 lm/W, respectively, are demonstrated with an extremely low doping level of 1 wt%. These results reveal a practical way to make highly efficient PHOLEDs by reducing dopant self quenching.
Advanced wafer bonding solutions for TSV integration with thin wafers (2009)

Due mainly to the thermal budget of CMOS devices, bonding techniques compatible with CMOS processing are limited to direct oxide bonding, metal bonding, adhesive bonding, and various hybrids of those methods. In order to facilitate thin wafer processing with existing fab equipment, we developed total solutions for temporary bonding and debonding of carrier wafers. When it comes to TSV integration, the temporary bonding process based on a spin-on adhesive is becoming the industry standard over that with a lamination tape due to better edge protection, compatibility with topographic surfaces, and better stability at higher process temperatures. The benefits with a newly developed spin-on process include temperature stability over 250degC, compatibility with bumped surfaces, short debonding time, easy thermal release, slide-off debonding, and easy cleanup with polar solvents. It is being proven that our temporary bonding and debonding techniques offer time and cost efficiency for TSV integration processes utilizing existing and established equipment and technologies. For aligned wafer-to-wafer (W2W) bonding, we developed multiple direct and indirect bond alignment methods to stack various types of substrates as well as improve alignment accuracy with minimal z-axis movement. SmartView <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> alignment enables the use of any unique features on the front-side of non-IR transparent wafers for face-to-face bonding while maintaining sub-micron post-bond alignment accuracy. EVG's unique bonding processes and equipment are being widely evaluated and adopted for various TSV applications. For instance, blanket CuCu bonding performed at 415degC and 25 kN for 40 min showed neither bond interface nor voids with the quantitative post-bond adhesion energy of 10.4 J/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The post-bond alignment accuracy of less than 1 mum (3sigma) was also achieved with Cu patterned wafers. Chip-to-wafer (C2W) bonding, based on the thermocompression bonding mechanisms such as Cu-polymer hybrid or Cu-Sn intermetallic compounds (IMC), is needed for future heterogeneous stacking. We developed a new advanced chip-to-wafer (AC2W) bonding concept for higher throughput and lower cost-of-ownership (CoO). The temporary pre-bonding is performed on a pick-and-place machine, followed by the permanent bonding of dies to a device wafer as a batch process in a specially designed bond chamber. A true known-good-die (KGD) stacking can be achieved through the control of the center position, the absolute value and the direction of the applied force. The average displacement with Cu-Sn-Cu bonding was 1.5 mum with the chip-to-chip deviation of 2.7 mum (3sigma).
The lithographic lens: its history and evolution (2006)

The history of Nikon's projection lens development for optical microlithography started with the first "Ultra Micro-Nikkor" in 1962, which was used for making photo-masks. Nikon's first wafer stepper "NSR-1010G" was developed with a g-line projection lens in 1980. Since then, many kinds of projection lenses have been developed for each generation of stepper or scanner. In addition to increasing numerical aperture (NA) and field size, there have been many technical transitions for the projection lens, such as shortening the wavelength, controlling Zernike aberrations with phase measurement interferometry (PMI) for low k1 lithography, using aspherical lenses, applying kinematic optomechanical mounts, and utilizing free asphere re-polishing steps in the lens manufacturing process. The most recent advancement in projection lens technology is liquid immersion and polarization control for high NA imaging. NA now exceeds 1.0, which is the theoretical limit for dry (in air) imaging. At each transition, the amount of information that goes through the projection lens has been increased. In this paper, the history of the microlithographic lens is reviewed from several different points of view, such as specification, optical design, lens manufacturing, etc. In addition, future options of the projection lens are discussed briefly.
Fabrication control of the resonance frequencies of high- index-contrast microphotonic cavities (2006)

Microphotonic filters require precise control of the relative resonance frequencies of integrated dielectric micro-cavities. Using high-index-contrast microring resonators, we present, demonstrate, and analyze techniques allowing small and accurate corrections of resonance frequencies at fabrication.
The β-Secretase-Derived C-Terminal Fragment of βAPP, C99, But Not Aβ, Is a Key Contributor to Early Intraneuronal Lesions in Triple-Transgenic Mouse Hippocampus (2012)

Triple-transgenic mice (3xTgAD) overexpressing Swedish-mutated β-amyloid precursor protein (βAPP(swe)), P310L-Tau (Tau(P301L)), and physiological levels of M146V-presenilin-1 (PS1(M146V)) display extracellular amyloid-β peptides (Aβ) deposits and Tau tangles. More disputed is the observation that these mice accumulate intraneuronal Aβ that has been linked to synaptic dysfunction and cognitive deficits. Here, we provide immunohistological, genetic, and pharmacological evidences for early, age-dependent, and hippocampus-specific accumulation of the β-secretase-derived βAPP fragment C99 that is observed from 3 months of age and enhanced by pharmacological blockade of γ-secretase. Notably, intracellular Aβ is only detectable several months later and appears, as is the case of C99, in enlarged cathepsin B-positive structures, while extracellular Aβ deposits are detected ~12 months of age and beyond. Early C99 production occurs mainly in the CA1/subicular interchange area of the hippocampus corresponding to the first region exhibiting plaques and tangles in old mice. Furthermore, the comparison of 3xTgAD mice with double-transgenic mice bearing the βAPP(swe) and Tau(P301L) mutations but expressing endogenous PS1 (2xTgAD) demonstrate that C99 accumulation is not accounted for by a loss of function triggered by PS1 mutation that would have prevented C99 secondary cleavage by γ-secretase. Together, our work identifies C99 as the earliest βAPP catabolite and main contributor to the intracellular βAPP-related immunoreactivity in 3xTgAD mice, suggesting its implication as an initiator of the neurodegenerative process and cognitive alterations taking place in this mouse model.
Endocrine regulation of bone metabolism in very old ovariectomized rats (1994)

Supplement 1