gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flash-Conscious Cache Population for Enterprise Database Workloads. (2014)

Host-side flash caching has lately emerged as a suitable and e↵ective means of accelerating enterprise workloads. How-ever, cache management for flash-based caching is di↵erent from traditional DRAM-based caching. A flash cache sits underneath the DRAM cache. Its position in the hierarchy combined with the unique characteristics of flash, calls for a di↵erent cache management solution. Specifically, cache population, an aspect of cache management which is not at-tributed much importance in DRAM caches, becomes cru-cial in flash-based caches. In this paper, we first present a performance evaluation of three popular open-source flash cache implementations: flashcache, bcache, and EnhanceIO. We evaluate them un-der an industry-standard database benchmark and identify their limitations. We demonstrate that several shortcom-ings are due to sub-optimal cache population. We propose a novel set of techniques for cache population, and present the design of the Scalable Cache Engine (SCE) – a new flash cache solution that incorporates our cache population tech-niques. We demonstrate that SCE remarkably outperforms the existing open-source solutions: 45 % higher throughput, 55 % lower latency, 12 ⇥ faster cache warm-up than flash-cache, and 95 % less memory usage than EnhanceIO. 1.
Supplementary Legends from A Targeted RNAi Screen of the Breast Cancer Genome Identifies <i>KIF14</i> and <i>TLN1</i> as Genes That Modulate Docetaxel Chemosensitivity in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF File - 49K, Legends for Supplementary Figures and Tables.&lt;/p&gt;
Properties of networks obtained by internal plasticization of epoxy resin with aromatic and aliphatic glycidyl compounds (1989)

Abstract In order to improve the fracture properties of p , p ′‐diaminodiphenylmethane‐cured epoxy resin, various kinds of aromatic and aliphatic glycidyl compounds were investigated as a modifier at an amount of 30 wt %. Several compounds promoted the fracture toughness. In any glycidyl compounds, however, heat resistance was decreased by the modification. The dynamic mechanical properties of the modified epoxy resins were measured. The crosslinking density ρ was calculated from the theory of rubber elasticity, and the mechanical properties of the resins were discussed in regard to the crosslinking density. Tensile strength was scarcely affected by the crosslinking density. Elongation at break and Izod impact strength increased remarkably with decrease in crosslinking density. The fracture toughness K Ic ‐ increased with decrease in crosslinking density except at small ρ.
Potential Game-Based Decision-Making for Autonomous Driving (2023)

Decision-making for autonomous driving is challenging, considering the complex interactions among multiple traffic agents (including autonomous vehicles (AVs), human-driven vehicles, and pedestrians) and the computational load needed to evaluate these interactions. This paper develops two general potential game-based frameworks, namely, finite and continuous potential games, for decision-making in autonomous driving. The two frameworks account for the AVs’ two types of action spaces, i.e., finite and continuous action spaces, respectively. The developed frameworks provide theoretical guarantees for the existence of pure-strategy Nash equilibria and for the convergence of the Nash equilibrium (NE) seeking algorithms. The scalability challenge is also addressed. In addition, we provide cost function shaping approaches such that the agents’ cost functions not only reflect common driving objectives but also yield potential games. The performance of the developed algorithms is demonstrated in diverse traffic scenarios, including intersection-crossing and lane-changing scenarios. Statistical comparative studies, including 1) finite potential game vs. continuous potential game, 2) best response dynamics vs. potential function optimization, and 3) potential game vs. reinforcement learning (RL) vs. control barrier function (CBF), are conducted to compare the robustness against various surrounding vehicles’ strategies and to compare the computational efficiency. It is shown that the developed potential game frameworks have better robustness than RL and than CBF if the surrounding vehicles are not safety-conscious, and are computationally feasible for real-time implementation.
Iron Regulatory Protein 2 is Involved in Brain Copper Homeostasis (2009)

Trace metal homeostasis is tightly controlled in the brain, as even a slight dysregulation may severely impact normal brain function. This is especially apparent in Alzheimer's disease, where brain homeostasis of trace metals such as copper and iron is dysregulated. As it is known that iron and copper metabolism are linked, we wanted to investigate if a common mechanism could explain the increase in iron and decrease in copper seen in Alzheimer's disease brain. Amyloid-beta protein precursor (AbetaPP) has been implicated in copper efflux from the brain. Furthermore, it was shown that iron regulatory proteins (IRP), which regulate iron homeostasis, can block AbetaPP mRNA translation. In a correlative study we have therefore compared brain regional copper levels and AbetaPP expression in mice with a targeted deletion of IRP2-/-. Compared with controls, six week old IRP2-/- mice had significantly less brain copper in the parietal cortex, hippocampus, ventral striatum, thalamus, hypothalamus, and whole brain, while AbetaPP was significantly upregulated in the hippocampus (p < 0.05) and showed a trend toward upregulation in the thalamus (p < 0.1). This is the first study to demonstrate that iron regulatory proteins affect brain copper levels, which has significant implications for neurodegenerative diseases.
Sunlight photodepolymerization of transient polymers (2018)

ABSTRACT The study and development of transient devices is an emerging field where the disposal of a device after use is desired to avoid reverse engineering and minimize the environmental impact. Polyaldehydes with phototriggers have been investigated because the radiation wavelength can be adjusted to meet the transient application. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were used as the optical sensitizer for photoacid generators (PAGs). Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) with an iodonium‐based PAG was used to expand the spectral sensitivity range. Anthracene, tetracene, and pentacene derivatives were synthesized with appended phenylethynyl groups to improve the solubility of the sensitizer and adjust the absorption wavelength. Sensitization of the iodonium‐based PAG with the PAH derivatives was found to have thermodynamically favorable PET reactions for depolymerization of poly(propylene carbonate) and poly(phthalaldehyde) (PPHA). The Rehm–Weller equation and Stern–Volmer analysis were used to study the electron transfer and the fluorescence quenching rates of the PAHs with the iodonium salts, respectively. The photosensitivity, efficiency, and byproducts of the PET reactions in the decomposable polymer films are reported. A rapid photoreaction is reported for the depolymerization of PPHA exposed to a sunlight dose of &lt;6 J cm −2 (i.e., 1 min of direct sunlight) with a pentacene‐based sensitizer. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47141.
Prospective Validation of High-Shear Wet Granulation Process by Wet Granule Sieving Method. I. Selection and Characterization of Sieving Parameters for Wet Granules (1997)

To characterize the progression of high-shear wet granulation for various drugs and formulations based on the particle size distribution of wet granules during granulation, a general sieving method for wet granules was investigated. Wet granulation was conducted in a 25-liter high-shear mixer using four model drugs with different solubilities and particle sizes (ethenzamide, unmilled and milled acetaminophen, and antipyrine). Because of its small size and efficient sifting mechanism, a sonic sifter was used to determine the wet granulation particle size distribution. From the good correlation of particle size distribution between wet granules and dry-sized granules, an intensity of 80% of full-scale amplitude and a sieving time of 3 min were selected as wet granule sieving parameters. 7% general sieving method showed good measurement precision as long as the determination was completed within 20 min after sampling, Further, the method was independent of sampling position within the mixer chamber.
Searching for Therapeutics Against Botulinum Neurotoxins: A True Challenge for Drug Discovery (2016)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), the most potent known toxins, cause severe muscle paralysis and death at nanogram exposures and are considered biothreat agents. BoNTs target the neuromuscular junction where they release smaller zinc metalloprotease light chains (LCs) into the neuron cytosol that selectively cleave SNARE proteins and thus block the exocytosis of acetylcholine neurotransmitters necessary for skeletal muscle contraction. The majority of efforts to develop post-symptomatic therapeutics for botulism poisoning have focused on inhibiting the LC and tremendous strides have been made in understanding how the LC binds to the SNARE proteins via X-ray crystallography. Subsequent homology modeling and structure based drug design have led to the discovery of multiple small molecule BoNT/A inhibitors in the 0.05 ~10 μΜ range, but to date none have shown significant post-symptomatic efficacy in an animal model of botulinum intoxication. With the lack of reported pharmacokinetic data, we have analyzed the BoNT/A inhibitor lead chemical matter from a physicochemical property point of view and have attempted to understand if bioavailability of drug at the neuromuscular junction is the root cause of this apparent in vitro/in vivo disconnect in the field.
Laser à semiconducteur à 852 nm bifrequence pompé optiquement pour les horloges atomiques CPT (poster) (2015)

National audience
Photoluminescence investigation of InAs quantum dots incorporating DWELL structures on patterned and planar GaAs (100) substrate (2009)

InAs quantum dots embedded in InGaAs quantum well (DWELL) structures grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition on nano-patterned GaAs pyramids and planar GaAs (001) substrate are comparatively investigated. Photoluminescence (PL), PL excitation, and time-resolved PL measurements demonstrate that the DWELL grown on the GaAs pyramids has a broad QW PL band (FWHM ~ 90 meV) and a better QD emission efficiency than the DWELL structure grown on the planar GaAs (001) substrate. These properties are attributed to the InGaAs QW with distributed thickness profile on the faceted GaAs pyramid, which introduces tapered energy band structure and assists the carrier capture into the QDs. This research provides useful data for further improving the performance of DWELL structures for device applications.
Efficacy, safety and clinical pharmacology of macitentan in comparison to other endothelin receptor antagonists in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (2013)

The large Phase III study (SERAPHIN) tested macitentan in more than 700 PAH patients and has provided unique long-term outcome data for this ERA, not available for other members of this class. The effect on a composite clinically relevant morbidity/mortality end point was highly significant at a 10 mg/day dose. The safety profile of macitentan appears to be superior with respect to hepatic safety and edema/fluid retention than bosentan and ambrisentan, respectively, and is similar when considering decrease in hemoglobin concentration. The drug has a low propensity for drug-drug interactions and has one circulating pharmacologically active metabolite. The pharmacokinetics of macitentan in patients with renal or hepatic impairment does not require dose adjustments. Based on its characteristics, macitentan is an important addition to the therapeutic armamentarium in the long-term treatment of PAH. Its potential use in other disorders is under investigation.
Depletion of Human Regulatory T Cells (2011)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) have become increasingly relevant in the study of human disease including cancer. Treg cells have been shown to inhibit anti-tumor immune responses, and elevated Treg levels have been associated with certain types of cancer. Similarly, depletion of Tregs by various methods can also enhance anti-tumor immune responses. We have found a prevalence of Treg in cancer patients when compared to normal volunteers. In addition, we have shown that the depletion of Treg using the IL-2 fusion protein denileukin diftitox decreased Treg function and increased antigen-specific T cell response to a cancer vaccine. These results indicate the potential for combining Treg depletion with anti-cancer vaccines to enhance tumor antigen-specific immune responses and the need to explore the dose and schedule of Treg depletion strategies in optimizing vaccine efforts.
Screening accuracy of percentage predicted gait speed for prefrailty/frailty in community‐dwelling older adults (2022)

Defining a "slow" gait speed by a GS%predicted value of <0.93 provided greater screening accuracy than the traditional 1.0 m/s threshold for gait speed. Our results also support the use of GS%predicted-derived PFP to identify older adults at risk of prefrailty/frailty. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2022; 22: 575-580.
Wetting Characteristics of Carbonate Melts under MCFC Operating Conditions (2003)

The wetting behavior of the Au electrode under molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) operating conditions was investigated using a lab-scale cell with optical instrumentation. The general trends which were found were smaller contact angles, (i) under polarization than at open circuit, (ii) under an oxidizing atmosphere than under a reducing atmosphere, (iii) at high temperature rather than at lower temperature, and in Li-K carbonate than in Li-Na. Contact angles as a function of potential exhibit a dependence which resembles electrocapillary curves in aqueous solution, with the zero-charge (minimum wetting) potential and the open-circuit potential (OCP) being different, especially under a reducing atmosphere. The effect of electrolyte composition on the contact angle is interpreted in terms of activity and surface adsorption of oxides. The effect of polarization on wetting is analyzed from two different viewpoints, near OCP the electrocapillary theory is applied, while at high polarization the effect of migration is invoked. The inferior performance of Li/Na cells, compared to Li/K cells, at temperatures below 600°C, is analyzed from the viewpoint of capillary effects, and it is shown that these effects may explain the observed anode behavior and, at least in part, cathode behavior as well. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Uses of Ontologies in Open Source Blog Mining. (2007)

The blogosphere provides a novel window into public opinion, but its dynamic nature makes it an elusive medium to analyze and interpret in the aggregate, where it is most informative. We are developing new technology employing ontologies to solve this problem by fusing the signals of the blogosphere and zeroing in on issues that are most likely to migrate offline, enabling analysts to anticipate the threats or opportunities they represent. There are nearly 16 million active blogs on the Internet with more launched every day. Although much of what’s discussed in the blogosphere is of little consequence, increasingly, blogs are emerging as powerful organizing mechanisms, giving momentum to ideas that shape public opinion and influence behavior. For example, Malaysian bloggers have recently become quite effective in confronting perceived corruption in their national government despite governmental control of the major media [4]. The blogosphere is thus a great bellwether of changing attitudes and new schools of thought, but only if analysts know which issues to pay attention to and how to identify those issues early in their lifecycle.
AES implementation on a grain of sand (2005)

The authors present a hardware implementation of the advanced encryption standard (AES) which is optimised for low-resource requirements. The standard-cell implementation on a 0.35 µm CMOS process from Philips Semiconductors occupies an area of only 0.25 mm2. This compares roughly to 3400 gate equivalents or to the size of a small grain of sand. The authors believe that this size will serve for a long time as a reference for AES-128 implementations that support encryption and decryption including key setup. Their manufactured silicon implementation is fully operational. Measurements verified the excellent performance predicted by simulation. The maximum clock frequency of 80 MHz allows a data throughput rate of 9.9 Mbps. Besides low-resource optimisation, the circuit is optimised for low-power operation. For use in low-throughput applications, the AES module draws only a current of 3.0 µA when operated at 100 kHz and 1.5 V. This nearly ignorable power consumption in combination with the extreme area efficiency allows new fields of applications for AES which were beyond imagination before.
Sealing Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Tracts With Gelatin Matrix Hemostatic Sealant: Initial Clinical Use (2004)

Injection of gelatin matrix hemostatic sealant into the nephrostomy tract may be of value in preventing bleeding after PCNL. In this pilot experience it provided immediate and effective hemostasis.
Characterization of the Action of Drug-Induced Stress Responses on the Immune System: Evaluation of Biomarkers for Drug-Induced Stress in Rats (2007)

Toxicological testing of compounds often is conducted at the maximum tolerated dose to identify potential target organs. Toxicities observed at these high doses may result in decreased body weight gain, food consumption and activity. These clinical signs are often associated with a generalized stress response. It has been known that stress may cause increased levels of corticosterone, which causes changes in circulating leukocyte profiles, decreases in thymus and spleen weights and changes in the microscopic structure of lymphoid organs. This makes it difficult to differentiate between stress-related changes and direct toxicity to the immune system in standard non-clinical toxicity testing in rats. In mice, MHC Class II expression was found to be a very sensitive biomarker of stress and maybe useful for the rat. Therefore, the objective of studies presented was to further characterize the effects of corticosterone and stressors on the immune system and identify potential biomarkers of stress in rats. Rats were treated with exogenous corticosterone (20 or 30 mg/kg BID) or ethanol (5 g/kg) for either 1 or 4 days. Restraint stress was also evaluated for a 3-day period. Blood and urine samples were collected during the treatment period for corticosterone measurements. At necropsy, blood samples for leukocyte differentials were collected. Spleen and thymus weights, cellularity, lymphocyte subpopulations and histopathology were also evaluated. Urine corticosterone levels were also investigated as a surrogate to measuring serum corticosterone. The results demonstrate that the pattern of responses to corticosterone or the stressors is different in mice and rats. Although, decreases in MHC Class II were found to be a sensitive indicator of stress in mice, only slight decreases were observed in rats with similar serum corticosterone AUC levels. Decreases in thymus weight were greater than spleen weight with corticosterone or ethanol or restraint stressor. No other single parameter or combination of parameters tested were obvious candidates as sensitive biomarkers of stress in rats. However, the good correlation between urine and serum corticosterone levels suggest that urine corticosterone may be a potential biomarker of stress induced changes to the immune response.
Coatings Based on Side-chain Ether-linked Poly(ethylene glycol) and Fluorocarbon Polymers for the Control of Marine Biofouling (2003)

The preparation of side group modified polystyrene-based surface-active block copolymers (SABC) for use as marine fouling resistance/release applications is described. Modifying moieties such as poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and semifluorinated segments were used. A novel bilayer methodology has been employed that provides both suitable mechanical properties through the use of an elastomeric primer layer of styrene-ethylene/butylene-styrene (SEBS) and control of surface-chemistry through use of the SABCs. This approach has potential as a cost-effective technology for environmentally benign coatings that resist and release marine biofouling. Initial testing of these materials included determination of captive bubble contact angles and protein adsorption. Testing against marine fouling organisms was performed using settlement and adhesion bioassays with zoospores of the green alga Enteromorpha. The results showed that all surfaces had markedly reduced levels of zoospore settlement compared with glass controls and that adhesion strength was strongly affected by the semifluorinated SABC. The results are discussed in terms of surface properties.
MagneLayer: Force Field Fabrication for Rapid Prototyping of Haptic Interactions (2020)

Magnets are very useful for the rapid prototyping of haptic interactions. However, it is difficult to arrange fine and complex magnetic fields rapidly. This project presents a method for fabricating complex geometric magnetic patterns by overlaying magnetic rubber sheets. By layering multiple magnetic sheets that have proper thicknesses and simple magnetic patterns, various types of magnetic lattice patterns can be generated on the top surface. Furthermore, the superposed magnetic fields can be changed dynamically by rotating the layered magnetic sheets. We demonstrate several tactile interactions by applying the superposed magnetic fields.
Differential RAID: Rethinking RAID for SSD Reliability (2009)

Deployment of SSDs in enterprise settings is limited by the low erase cycles available on commodity devices. Redun-dancy solutions such as RAID can potentially be used to pro-tect against the high Bit Error Rate (BER) of aging SSDs. Unfortunately, such solutions wear out redundant devices at similar rates, inducing correlated failures as arrays age in unison. We present Diff-RAID, a new RAID variant that distributes parity unevenly across SSDs to create age dispari-ties within arrays. By doing so, Diff-RAID balances the high BER of old SSDs against the low BER of young SSDs. Diff-RAID provides much greater reliability for SSDs compared to RAID-4 and RAID-5 for the same space overhead, and offers a trade-off curve between throughput and reliability. 1.
Crystal Structure Built from a GeO6–GeO5 Polyhedra Network with High Thermal Stability: β–SrGe2O5 (2019)

By tackling the challenge of extending transparent oxide semiconductors to Ge-based oxides, we have found a not-yet-reported crystal structure, named β-SrGe2O5, which is composed of edge-sharing GeO6 octahedra interconnected by GeO5 bipyramids. Single crystals were successfully grown by the high-pressure flux method. β-SrGe2O5 has a band gap of 5.2 eV and a dispersive conduction band with an effective mass as small as 0.34 times the electron rest mass, which originates from the edge-sharing GeO6 octahedra network. Although known compounds with octahedral GeO6 coordination are commonly unstable at atmospheric pressure and elevated temperatures, β-SrGe2O5 exhibits thermal stability up to 700 °C.