gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
All-Digital LoS MIMO With Low-Precision Analog-to-Digital Conversion (2022)

Line-of-sight (LoS) multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems exhibit attractive scaling properties with increase in carrier frequency: for a fixed form factor and range, the spatial degrees of freedom increase quadratically for 2D arrays, in addition to the typically linear increase in available bandwidth. In this paper, we investigate whether modern all-digital baseband signal processing architectures can be devised for such regimes, given the difficulty of analog-to-digital conversion for large bandwidths. We propose low-precision quantizer designs and accompanying spatial demultiplexing algorithms, considering <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2 \times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> LoS MIMO with QPSK for analytical insight, and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4 \times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> MIMO with QPSK and 16QAM for performance evaluation. Unlike prior work, channel state information is utilized only at the receiver (i.e., transmit precoding is not employed). We investigate quantizers with regular structure whose high-SNR mutual information approaches that of an unquantized system. We prove that amplitude-phase quantization is necessary to attain this benchmark; phase-only quantization falls short. We show that quantizers based on maximizing per-antenna output entropy perform better than standard Minimum Mean Squared Quantization Error (MMSQE) quantization. For spatial demultiplexing with severely quantized observations, we introduce the novel concept of virtual quantization which, combined with linear detection, provides reliable demodulation at significantly reduced complexity compared to maximum likelihood detection.
A Humanized Mouse Strain That Develops Spontaneously Immune-Mediated Diabetes (2021)

To circumvent the limitations of available preclinical models for the study of type 1 diabetes (T1D), we developed a new humanized model, the YES-RIP-hB7.1 mouse. This mouse is deficient of murine major histocompatibility complex class I and class II, the murine insulin genes, and expresses as transgenes the HLA-A*02:01 allele, the diabetes high-susceptibility HLA-DQ8A and B alleles, the human insulin gene, and the human co-stimulatory molecule B7.1 in insulin-secreting cells. It develops spontaneous T1D along with CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell responses to human preproinsulin epitopes. Most of the responses identified in these mice were validated in T1D patients. This model is amenable to characterization of hPPI-specific epitopes involved in T1D and to the identification of factors that may trigger autoimmune response to insulin-secreting cells in human T1D. It will allow evaluating peptide-based immunotherapy that may directly apply to T1D in human and complete preclinical model availability to address the issue of clinical heterogeneity of human disease.
Numerical estimation on intermodulation distortion of a high-temperature superconducting dual-band bandpass filter (2013)

This paper proposes a method that numerically estimates the intermodulation distortion (IMD) of a high-temperature superconducting (HTS) dual-band bandpass filter (DBPF) when two-tone signals are simultaneously input to each passband of the HTS-DBPF. The numerical estimation method is based on the third-order polynomial approximation of the input-output characteristics of the HTS-DBPF when a two-tone signal is input to each passband. To validate the proposed method, a 2.0-/3.5-GHz band HTS-DBPF is used to measure its IMD characteristics when two tones with a 30-kHz separation are individually and simultaneously input to each passband. The calculated and measured results confirm that the proposed method can be applied to estimate the IMD characteristics.
Tuning Li2O2 Formation Routes by Facet Engineering of MnO2 Cathode Catalysts (2019)

In lithium-oxygen batteries, the solubility of LiO<sub>2</sub> intermediates in the electrolyte regulates the formation routes of the Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> discharge product. High-donor-number electrolytes with a high solubility of LiO<sub>2</sub> tend to promote the formation of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> large particles following the solution route, which eventually benefits the cell capacity and cycle life. Here, we propose that facet engineering of cathode catalysts could be another direction in tuning the formation routes of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. In this work, β-MnO<sub>2</sub> crystals with high occupancies of {111} or {100} facets were adopted as cathode catalysts in Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries with a tetra(ethylene)glycol dimethyl ether electrolyte. The {111}-dominated β-MnO<sub>2</sub> catalyzed the formation of the Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> discharge product into large toroids following the solution routes, while {100}-dominated β-MnO<sub>2</sub> facilitated the formation of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> thin films through the surface routes. Further computational studies indicate that the different formation routes of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> could be related to different adsorption energies of LiO<sub>2</sub> on the two facets of β-MnO<sub>2</sub>. Our results demonstrate that facet engineering of cathode catalysts could be a new way to tune the formation route of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> in a low-donor-number electrolyte. We anticipate that this new finding would offer more choices for the design of lithium-oxygen batteries with high capacities and ultimately a long cycle life.
Oracle's technology for bioinformatics and future directions (2003)

The Oracle relational database management system, with object-oriented extensions and numerous application-driven enhancements, plays a critical role worldwide in managing the exploding volumes of bioinformatics data. There are many features of the Oracle product which support the bioinformatics community directly already and there are several features that could be exploited more thoroughly by users, service vendors, and Oracle itself to extend that level of support. This paper will present an overview of Oracle features that support storage of bioinformatics data and will discuss extensibility features that give the product room to grow. Some attention will be given to Oracle's own efforts to use that extensibility to make commodities of many of the complex data and computation requirements of the life sciences.
Spectroscopy of jet-cooled metal–monocyclopentadienyl complexes: Laser excitation spectra of calcium and cadmium cyclopentadienides (1991)

A laser vaporization/photolysis technique for obtaining spectra of jet-cooled organometallic molecules is reported. It makes use of an excimer laser which vaporizes a metal sample and simultaneously photolyzes an organic precursor passing over the surface of the metal. The metal atoms and organic fragments then react to yield the organometallic species. In principle, this approach could be used to prepare a wide variety of gas-phase compounds of any metal for spectroscopic study. To illustrate its capabilities, laser excitation spectra of the monocyclopentadienide and monomethyl derivatives of Ca and Cd are presented. In the case of cadmium cyclopentadienide, this report constitutes the first spectroscopic observation of this molecule.
Screening of Molecular Repertoires by Microbial Surface Display (2005)

A multitude of systems for the presentation of foreign peptides or proteins on the surface of microorganisms has been developed within the past two decades. However, the majority of the bacterial surface display systems are devoted to the presentation of heterologous antigens to the immune system (vaccine generation). Bacteria are the preferable hosts for the generation of vast genetic repertoires, and their genetic manipulation and cultivation is easy. As a consequence, they provide promising systems for large-scale functional screenings, e.g. for enzyme activity or protein-protein interactions. This review will focus on examples of microbial surface display used for the screening of combinatorial repertoires. Further, we discuss future opportunities and promising candidate proteins not yet employed for that task. Keywords: epitope mapping, surface display, peptide libraries, combinatorial libraries, antibody selection, mutant selection, gram-positive, gram-negative
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Stille Cross‐Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides Using a Pre‐Milled Palladium Acetate and XPhos Catalyst System. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>Design and analysis of physical phantom experiments for serial SPECT brain tumor imaging</title> (1992)

The purpose of this paper is to identify several important issues in the statistical analysis of serial images of active brain tumors and to offer some approaches and methods to help resolve them. Current serial brain tumor imaging is very strong on data acquisition and display yet appears weak on data analysis and inference. To help bridge the gap between certain theoretical mathematical methods for medical imaging developed over the past several decades and actual clinical practice, we describe a new physical phantom that we have designed and built for our research. We also offer some extensions of several relevant tools and principles from statistical science to the analysis of our serial medical images. Among the tools we discuss are the physical phantom itself, a simple experimental design, methods that help to separate image registration and object deformation effects, and some simple paired t-test ideas for comparison of differences in spatial point processes generated from pixelwise events in serial images. We identify several sources of extraneous variation between paired images and propose a few simple methods to control or eliminate them. Replicated experiments with our physical phantom can be used to study the properties of these methods under controlled and known conditions. Several actual patient and simulated serial SPECT images help to motivate and illustrate our techniques.
Complete Deficiency of the Low-Density Lipoprotein Receptor Is Associated With Increased Apolipoprotein B-100 Production (2005)

This first study of apoB metabolism in homozygous FH using endogenous labeling with stable isotopes demonstrates that the LDL receptor contributes significantly to the clearance of LDL from plasma but plays a lesser role in the clearance of larger apoB-containing lipoproteins. Furthermore, these data also indicate that absence of a LDL receptor in humans substantially influences the apoB PR in vivo.
N-Phenylacetanoyl-l-Homoserine Lactones Can Strongly Antagonize or Superagonize Quorum Sensing in Vibrio fischeri (2007)

Bacteria monitor their population densities using low-molecular-weight ligands in a process known as quorum sensing. At sufficient cell densities, bacteria can change their mode of growth and behave as multicellular communities that play critical roles in both beneficial symbioses and the pathogenesis of infectious disease. The development of non-native ligands that can block quorum-sensing signals has emerged as a promising new strategy to attenuate these divergent outcomes. Here, we report that N-phenylacetanoyl-L-homoserine lactones are capable of either inhibiting or, in some cases, strongly inducing quorum sensing in the bacterial symbiont Vibrio fischeri. Moreover, simple structural modifications to these ligands have remarkable effects on activity. These studies have revealed one of the first synthetic superagonists of quorum sensing, N-(3-nitro-phenylacetanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone. Together, these ligands represent a powerful new class of chemical probes with the potential to significantly expand the current understanding of quorum sensing and its role in host/bacteria interactions.
Attitude control of a quad-rotor system using an acceleration-based disturbance observer: An empirical approach (2012)

This paper presents the disturbance observer design for attitude control of a quad-rotor system. The quad-rotor system is approximated by an inertial system of which an acceleration term is dominant in dynamic behaviors. Acceleration-based disturbance observer (AbDOB) is designed to reject any disturbances for robust attitude control of the system. Acceleration is measured by a gyro sensor and used to estimate control input to estimate the disturbance. Then disturbance is cancelled with the estimated disturbance. Experimental studies are demonstrated to confirm the proposed control scheme.
Transit tomography using probabilistic time geography: planning routes without a road map (2014)

Vehicle routing usually depends on a road map, and road maps are expensive to create and maintain. While crowdsourcing road maps from logged GPS data has proven effective, the limited availability of GPS data limits their coverage area. To overcome this limitation, we show how to use location data from geotagged tweets, which cover much of the world, to compute routes directly without making a road map. We compensate for the wide spacing of tweets' latitude/longitude points by using probabilistic time geography, which explicitly models the uncertain location of someone traveling between measured locations. In our formulation, each pair of temporally adjacent tweets contributes an estimate of the driving time along hypothesised roads in a regular grid. We show how to compute these estimates as expected values based on probabilistic Brownian bridges. We can compute routes on this regular grid using traditional A* search. Our experiments demonstrate that our computed routes match well with routes computed on the actual road network using a commercial router. Furthermore, we show that our computed routes vary sensibly with changes in traffic between rush hour and weekends. We also apply the same technique to compute reasonable airplane routes.
Novel methods for the remote investigation of emerging substances: Application to kratom. (2023)

The botanical product commonly called "kratom" is still relatively novel to the United States. Like other natural products marketed as supplements, kratom is highly variable, both in terms of the alkaloids naturally occurring in kratom leaves and in terms of processing and formulation. Kratom products sold in the United States are not well-characterized, nor are daily use patterns among regular users. Surveys and case reports have comprised most of the literature on kratom use among humans. To advance our understanding of real-world kratom use, we developed a protocol for the remote study of regular kratom-using adults in the United States. Our study had three aspects implemented in one pool of participants nationwide: an in-depth online survey, 15 days of ecological momentary assessment (EMA) via smartphone app, and the collection and assay of the kratom products used by participants during EMA. Here, we describe these methods, which can be used to investigate myriad drugs or supplements. Recruiting, screening, and data collection occurred between July 20, 2022 and October 18, 2022. During this time, we demonstrated that these methods, while challenging from a logistical and staffing standpoint, are feasible and can produce high-quality data. The study achieved high rates of enrollment, compliance, and completion. Substances that are emerging or novel, but still largely legal, can be productively studied via nationwide EMA combined with assays of shipped product samples from participants. We discuss challenges and lessons learned so other investigators can adapt these methods. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
Nanocrystalline, mesoporous NiO/Ce0.9Gd0.1O2−δ thin films with tuned microstructures and electrical properties: in situ characterization of electrical responses during the reduction of NiO (2013)

Crystalline, mesoporous NiO/GDC thin films with thicknesses ranging from 50 nm to 250 nm were synthesized through templated sol–gel chemistry coupled with the dip-coating process and heat-treatment in air. The thin films' microstructure is composed of two interpenetrated networks made of mesopores and inorganic components. Efficient coupling between the temperature and the NiO volume fraction (vol%) allows tuning of both the pore size with dimensions ranging from macro- to meso-size and the NiO or GDC crystallite size with a diameter below 10 nm. X-ray diffraction and impedance spectroscopy performed in 10% H2 in Ar allowed the in situ study of the reduction process of NiO to metallic Ni. Coalescence of Ni particles generated by the reduction step and percolation phenomena controls the resulting conductivity of the final materials. Thin films with an initial content of 50 vol% of NiO exhibit lower electrical properties compared to those with an initial content of 70 vol% NiO. Electrical properties in a reducing atmosphere were also studied as a function of microstructure such as the pore dimension and the thickness of the pore wall. Excellent electrical properties are obtained for Ni70/GDC30-porous thin films synthesized with the block-co-polymer PS40-PEO36 that have a final conductivity of 9 x 104 S m−1 at 500 °C. These mesostructured nanocomposite thin films exhibit a connected pore network that ensures good gas diffusion and good particle–particle contact for GDC and Ni, which gives satisfactory electrical properties. These films have all the attributes to be used as anodes in micro-SOFCs.
Current status of university-based energy institutes in the United States and a pathway to forming a national organization (2022)

Over the past twenty years, the number of university-based energy institutes (UBEI) that focus on supporting energy-related research has increased substantially. A recent set of surveys, the results of which we share here, show that there are over 150 active energy institutes at Ph.D.-granting universities in the United States, many of which have a significant level of internal or external financial support (and there are likely many more at 4-year colleges and other institutions of higher learning). While most of these institutes have formal or informal collaborative interactions with other institutes, there is no existing nation-wide network or organization that all institutes can interact with. As such, we have endeavored to investigate and classify the current landscape of UBEIs, with the intent of enabling the formation of a centralized organization to further support the evolution of the academic energy research movement in the U.S. After an initial review, we convened a summit-style retreat in the fall of 2019 in Pittsburgh PA that was attended by over 100 individuals representing 67 UBEIs. Multiple surveys and elicitations were conducted before, during, and after this meeting, and we present here an overview of our findings, and a summary of our proposed path forward.
The Growing Application Field of Laser Debonding: From Advanced Packaging to Future Nanoelectronics (2019)

Thin substrate handling has become one of the cornerstone technologies that enabled the development of 3D stacked ICs over the past years. Temporary wafer bonding has continuously improved and reached the maturity level required by volume manufacturing of first-generation devices. Yet the need remains for further development and performance increases. Indeed, the continuous push for denser interconnects has brought new requirements for a through-silicon-via technology on one side but also pushed temporary adhesive and carrier technology into the space of wafer reconstruction and fan-out WLP. On the opposite side of the semiconductor spectrum, at the early steps of the front-end-of-line processing, transistor scaling becomes more and more challenging, including demanding the integration of higher numbers of novel materials. To further increase the options of materials, a growing number of exploratory devices are considering using a layer transfer approach. The advances in temporary bonding and debonding technology is bringing the packaging and nanoscale world together.
Laser Surface Patterning Pretreatment before Thermal Spraying—A Way to Adapt and Control the Surface Topography to the Considered Materials and the Stresses Imposed (2015)

Abstract Coating characteristics are very dependent on the substrate preparation and spray parameters. That’s why the surface must be adapted mechanically and physico-chemically to favor coating/substrate adhesion. Conventional surface preparation method as Grit-Blasting is limited by surface embrittlement and produces large plastic deformations throughout the surface resulting compressive stresses. Among all, Laser Surface Patterning is suitable to prepare the surface of sensitive material. It leads to several benefits such as surface free of Grit-Particle inclusions and improves directly the quality of coating bond strength so life-span. Finally, Laser Surface Patterning adapts impacted surface creating a large anchoring area. The essential idea here is to compare adhesion for two surface preparation methods Grit-Blasting and Laser Surface Patterning for two couples of materials used in aeronautic: Ni- Al and YSZ powder sprayed on 2017 aluminum alloy and AISI 304L stainless steel respectively. Optimized surface topographies can then be designed according to the materials as well as their applications.
First Synthesis of Caerulomycin B. A New Synthesis of Caerulomycin C. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Autocrine negative feedback regulation of lipolysis through sensing of NEFAs by FFAR4/GPR120 in WAT (2020)

In white adipocytes, FFAR4 functions as an NEFA-activated, autocrine, negative feedback regulator of lipolysis by decreasing cAMP though Gi-mediated signaling.
T-TER: Defeating A2 Trojans with Targeted Tamper-Evident Routing (2023)

Since the inception of the Integrated Circuit (IC), the size of the transistors used to construct them has continually shrunk. While this advancement significantly improves computing capability, fabrication costs have skyrocketed. As a result, most IC designers must now outsource fabrication. Outsourcing, however, presents a security threat: comprehensive post-fabrication inspection is infeasible given the size of modern ICs, so it is nearly impossible to know if the foundry has altered the original design during fabrication (i.e., inserted a hardware Trojan). Defending against a foundry-side adversary is challenging because—even with as few as two gates—hardware Trojans can completely undermine software security. Researchers have attempted to both detect and prevent foundry-side attacks, but all existing defenses are ineffective against additive Trojans with footprints of a few gates or less.