gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Color FM screen design using DBS algorithm</title> (1998)

When halftoning a color image for a bi-level color printer, one has to obtain the halftones of the cyan, magenta, and yellow planes if the printer is a three color device. For a four-color printer, one has to also obtain the halftone of the black plane. Suppose a source color images is represented by the red, green, and blue components. The simple way of halftoning a color image using a dither matrix is to halftone each color plane independently using the same matrix. This will result in halftone dots of different colors overlapping each other, thus increasing the graininess of an image. Simple schemes such as shifting the matrices have been proposed in the past, but they usually reduce the dot overlap at the cost of increasing other artifacts, such as fuzziness. We propose an algorithm to jointly design a set of dither matrices such that the overall graininess is minimized. We use the direct binary search (DBS) algorithm to design a dither matrix for each of the primary colors of a printer, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black. A color fluctuation function is defined for the halftone patterns of a set of constant tone color patches in a uniform color space such as CIEL*a*b*. The color fluctuation function is then minimized on a level-by-level basis using swap operations. Efficient evaluation of the color fluctuation function allows the optimization to converge at a reasonable speed. We show that we are able to achieve halftone image quality comparable to that of the direct binary search (DBS) algorithm at a significantly lower computational cost. Because the dither matrices are pre-computed, efficient implementation in either hardware or software is possible.
Noncontact Radio Frequency (RF) Induced Ultrasound in the Brain (2022)

A noninvasive pulsed microwave phased array for transcranial thermoacoustic ultrasound wave generation in the brain is explored using a phantom. The microwave antenna consists of a 4-element helical monopole array transmitting at 2 GHz into a cylindrical head phantom with brain tissue equivalent material. With the microwave array transmitting in pulsed mode, the brain phantom surface is heated, and the thermally induced acoustic wave is measured with an ultrasound medical transducer. In principle, this acoustic wave can be detected and the brain tissue imaged with a noninvasive optical imaging system.
Selective Cannabinoid 2 Receptor Agonists as Potential Therapeutic Drugs for the Treatment of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis (2019)

(1) Background: The cannabinoid 2 receptor (CB<sub>2</sub>R) is a promising anti-inflammatory drug target and development of selective CB<sub>2</sub>R ligands may be useful for treating sight-threatening ocular inflammation. (2) Methods: This study examined the pharmacology of three novel chemically-diverse selective CB<sub>2</sub>R ligands: CB<sub>2</sub>R agonists, RO6871304, and RO6871085, as well as a CB<sub>2</sub>R inverse agonist, RO6851228. In silico molecular modelling and <i>in vitro</i> cell-based receptor assays were used to verify CB<sub>2</sub>R interactions, binding, cell signaling (ß-arrestin and cAMP) and early absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicology (ADMET) profiling of these receptor ligands. All ligands were evaluated for their efficacy to modulate leukocyte-neutrophil activity, in comparison to the reported CB<sub>2</sub>R ligand, HU910, using an <i>in vivo</i> mouse model of endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in wild-type (WT) and CB<sub>2</sub>R<sup>-/-</sup> mice. The actions of RO6871304 on neutrophil migration and adhesion were examined <i>in vitro</i> using isolated neutrophils from WT and CB<sub>2</sub>R<sup>-/-</sup> mice, and <i>in vivo</i> in WT mice with EIU using adoptive transfer of WT and CB<sub>2</sub>R<sup>-/-</sup> neutrophils, respectively. (3) Results: Molecular docking studies indicated that RO6871304 and RO6871085 bind to the orthosteric site of CB<sub>2</sub>R. Binding studies and cell signaling assays for RO6871304 and RO6871085 confirmed high-affinity binding to CB<sub>2</sub>R and selectivity for CB<sub>2</sub>R > CB<sub>1</sub>R, with both ligands acting as full agonists in cAMP and ß-arrestin assays (EC<sub>50</sub>s in low nM range). When tested in EIU, topical application of RO6871304 and RO6871085 decreased leukocyte-endothelial adhesion and this effect was antagonized by the inverse agonist, RO6851228. The CB<sub>2</sub>R agonist, RO6871304, decreased <i>in vitro</i> neutrophil migration of WT neutrophils but not neutrophils from CB<sub>2</sub>R<sup>-/-</sup>, and attenuated adhesion of adoptively-transferred leukocytes in EIU. (4) Conclusions: These unique ligands are potent and selective for CB<sub>2</sub>R and have good immunomodulating actions in the eye. RO6871304 and RO6871085, as well as HU910, decreased leukocyte adhesion in EIU through inhibition of resident ocular immune cells. The data generated with these three structurally-diverse and highly-selective CB<sub>2</sub>R agonists support selective targeting of CB<sub>2</sub>R for treating ocular inflammatory diseases.
Enabling large-scale outdoor mixed reality and augmented reality (2011)

While there is significant recent progress in technologies supporting augmented reality for small indoor environments, there is still much work to be done for large outdoor environments. This workshop focuses primarily on research that enables high-quality outdoor Mixed Reality (MR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications. These research topics include, but are not restricted to: — 3D geo-referenced data (images, point clouds, and models) — Algorithms for object recognition from large databases of geo-referenced data — Algorithms for object tracking in outdoor environment — Multi-cue fusion to achieve improved performance of object detection and tracking — Novel representation schemes to facilitate large-scale content distribution — 3D reasoning to support intelligent augmentation — Novel and improved mobile capabilities for data capture (device sensors), processing, and display — Applications, experiences, and user interface techniques. The workshop will also showcase existing prototypes of applications enabled by these technologies: mirror worlds, high-fidelity virtual environments, applications of panoramic imagery, and user studies relating to these media types. This workshop aims to bring together academic and industrial researchers and to foster discussion amongst participants on the current state of the art and future directions for technologies that enable large-scale outdoor MR and AR applications. The workshop will start with a session in which position statements and overviews of the state of the art are presented. In the afternoon, we will follow up with discussion sessions and a short closing session.
Immunohistologic Identification and Quantification of Human Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Stem Cells. (2005)

Abstract A recent experimental and clinical observation on the use of bone marrow-derived stem/progenitor cells (BM-SC) to treat non-hematologic degenerative diseases has renovated the long-standing knowledge of their biology and function. However, the paradoxical lack of histological studies limits the identification of SC within the human BM, constraining their purification and further obscuring the sites where SC fate is decided. In an attempt to identify human hematopoietic BM-SC and their relationships with the tissue environment, bone marrow biopsies from 31 subjects without BM involvement by hemo-lymphoproliferative diseases were analysed with stringent morphometric criteria for the quantification of cells expressing CD117 (c-kit) and CD34, as candidate SC markers, and/or CD45, CD3, CD20, myeloperoxidase (MPOX), CD68, Glycophorin A (GlyA) and Factor VIII (vWF), as lineage commitment. Immunofluorescence combined with confocal examination was also performed to allow the simultaneous detection of multiple surface/cytoplasmic antigens together with transcription factors. Hematopoietic cells constituted 54% of the tissue among which MPOX, GlyA and vWF positive cells represented 43.8%, 13.5% and 0.06% of marrow cells, respectively. The frequency of CD34pos cells was 93.5±43.6 each 105 total nucleated cells; c-kit involved 2.7±2.6/105 cells and c-kit-CD34 co-expression was present in 1.14±0.98/105cells. When the incidence of CD45 was evaluated among these two cell populations only 15% of c-kitpos and 49% of CD34pos cells showed hematopoietic lineage commitment, indicating the presence in the human bone marrow of undifferentiated SC. The analysis of the expression of Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase (TdT) in hematopoietic cells demonstrated that 10% of c-kitpos, 20% of CD34pos and 0.62% of CD45pos cells possessed the nuclear transcription factor. The distribution of BM-SC was predominantly scattered throughout the tissue although interstitial and paratrabecular clusters were detected and are currently under intense scrutiny in search of BM-SC sites of activation. In a subset of patients, the histological analysis was complemented by the cytofluorimetric estimation of the same BM cells populations. The results of this study may contribute to the improvement in the isolation and characterization of BM-SC aimed to the identification of their niches and to an appropriate clinical application in the field of regenerative medicine.
Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of a Prostaglandin D 2 Receptor (2007)

Laropiprant is a selective antagonist of the prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) receptor subtype 1 (DP1). Three double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of single and multiple oral doses of laropiprant in healthy male volunteers. Single doses up to 900 mg and multiple doses up to 450 mg were generally well tolerated. Laropiprant exhibited dose-proportional pharmacokinetics. Oral absorption is rapid (Tmax ¼ 0.8–2.0 h) and the terminal half-life is approximately 12–18 h. The pharmacokinetics of laropiprant was not affected by food. Single doses of 6 mg and higher were effective in suppressing PGD2-induced cyclic AMP accumulation in platelets, demonstrating laropiprant target engagement with DP1. Laropiprant has detectable offtarget antagonist effects at the thromboxane A2 receptor but no clinically significant effect on collagen-induced platelet aggregation or bleeding times with multiple doses up to 200 mg.
Modeling of aging effect for advanced MOSFETs (2014)

This paper proposes dynamic and long-term negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) model for predicting circuit degradation. The real-time dynamic simulation is carried out by implementing the NBTI model into the compact MOSFET model HiSIM. Since this simulation approach is time consuming, a long-term model is developed, which enables to predict the device degradation after 10 years' usage. The aged device characteristics are able to be directly calculated from determined operation time, frequency and duty cycle.
A Calibration Technique for Simultaneous Estimation of Actual Sensing Matrix Coefficients on Modulated Wideband Converters (2020)

The Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC) is one of the promising sub-Nyquist sampling architectures for sparse wideband signal sensing applications. Its frequency support detection and the reconstruction ability is well-defined through compressed sensing theory. However, the reconstruction performance of the MWC is strictly limited by the non-ideal components in practical implementations. Previous calibration methods exploit sequential single-tone signals to estimate the actual transfer function of the MWC, which is fairly time-consuming. We propose a new calibration method that estimates the actual sensing matrix coefficients of the MWC only with a single measurement based on a pilot multi-tone signal. The feasibility of the proposed calibration method is demonstrated in terms of normalized mean square error (NMSE) and image rejection ratio (IRR) of the reconstructed original signal.
Security in Intra‐LTE State Transitions and Mobility (2010)

This chapter describes security for state transitions and mobility inside LTE. These include registering to the network, moving to ECM-CONNECTED state, intra-LTE handovers, moving to idle state, idle state mobility, and de-registering from the network. The two layers of LTE security and the key management requirements are reflected in the security of state transitions and mobility scenarios. The MME runs the NAS level Security Mode Command procedure to activate the NAS keys and security algorithms. A section explains security context management on transitions to and from ECM-CONNECTED and RRC_CONNECTED state. A section describes idle state mobility inside LTE and there are many security and mobility related procedures that both the base station and the MME. Controlled Vocabulary Terms cryptographic protocols; handover; long term evolution; mobility management (mobile radio)
Examining microstructural composition of hardened cement paste cured under high temperature and pressure using nanoindentation and 29Si MAS NMR (2012)

Microstructural composition of the hardened cement pastes are analyzed using nanoindentation and 29Si MAS NMR after curing time periods of 7 and 28 days. Two curing conditions, room condition (20°C with 0.1 MPa pressure) and an elevated condition (80°C with 10 MPa pressure) are prepared to hydrate cement pastes [water to cement (w/c) ratio of 0.45]. The degree of hydration of the cement paste quantified using nanoindentation was compared with that from 29Si MAS NMR. From nanoindentation of the hardened cement pastes, microstructural hydration products are characterized with respect to the corresponding modulus of elasticity. A hydration product, which has a relatively high modulus of elasticity over other known hydration products, was found in the hardened cement paste cured in elevated temperature and pressure. The effect of high pressure on the composition of the hydration product is discussed and it is hypothesized that the packing density of calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) might increase when a cement paste is hydrated under high temperature and pressure.
Coherent Manipulation of Atomic Wave Packets by Adiabatic Transfer (1997)

We use laser induced adiabatic passage to coherently manipulate the atomic wave packets resulting from subrecoil laser cooling in one, two, and three dimensions by velocity selective coherent population trapping. Using metastable helium atoms, we demonstrate adiabatic transfer into a single wave packet or into two coherent wave packets, while retaining the subrecoil momentum dispersion of the initial wave packets. The efficiency of the transfer is nearly perfect in one and two dimensions, and of the order of 75% in three dimensions. To a large extent, the direction of the momentum and the internal state of the atoms described by each of the final wave packets can be chosen at will.
First international SDN-based Network Orchestration of Variable-capacity OPS over Programmable Flexi-grid EON (2014)

The first experimental demonstrator of 46–108Gb/s discrete-multi-tone (DMT) fixed-length variable capacity OPS over programmable, flexi-grid elastic optical path network (EON), orchestrated via multiple OpenFlow controllers in the framework of SDN is presented.
Discovery and Preclinical Evaluation of BMS-711939, an Oxybenzylglycine Based PPARα Selective Agonist (2016)

BMS-711939 (3) is a potent and selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α agonist, with an EC50 of 4 nM for human PPARα and >1000-fold selectivity vs human PPARγ (EC50 = 4.5 μM) and PPARδ (EC50 > 100 μM) in PPAR-GAL4 transactivation assays. Compound 3 also demonstrated excellent in vivo efficacy and safety profiles in preclinical studies and thus was chosen for further preclinical evaluation. The synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies, and in vivo pharmacology of 3 in preclinical animal models as well as its ADME profile are described.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Enhanced Effector Responses in Activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Deficient in Diacylglycerol Kinases (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 103K, Enhanced expression of FasL and TRAIL in dgk-deficient mesoCAR T cells&lt;/p&gt;
Hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer agents: Data mining of the public version of the FDA adverse event reporting system, AERS (2011)

The FDA's adverse event reporting system, AERS, and the data mining methods used herein are useful for confirming drug-associated adverse events, but the number of co-occurrences is an important factor in signal detection.
Unique Electronic Structure in a Porous Ga‐In Bimetallic Oxide Nano‐Photocatalyst with Atomically Thin Pore Walls (2016)

A facile synthetic route is presented that produces a porous Ga-In bimetallic oxide nanophotocatalyst with atomically thin pore walls. The material has an unprecedented electronic structure arising from its ultrathin walls. The bottom of the conduction band and the top of the valence band of the material are distributed on two opposite surfaces separated with a small electrostatic potential difference. This not only shortens the distance by which the photogenerated charges travel from the sites where they are generated to the sites where they catalyze the reactions, but also facilitates charge separations in the material. The porous structure within the walls results in a large density of exposed surface reactive/catalytic sites. Because of these optimized electronic and surface structures, the material exhibits superior photocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Same-Day Discharge Compared with Inpatient Hospitalization Following Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (2017)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Improving the affinity of antigens for mutated antibodies by use of statistical molecular design (2008)

We demonstrate the use of statistical molecular design (SMD) in the selection of peptide libraries aimed to systematically investigate antigen-antibody binding spaces. Earlier, we derived two novel antibodies by mutating the complementarity-determining region of the anti-p24 (HIV-1) single chain Fv antibody, CB4-1 that had lost their affinity for a p24 epitope-homologous peptide by 8- and 60-fold. The present study was devoted to explore how peptide libraries can be designed under experimental design criteria for effective screening of peptide antigens. Several small peptide-antigen libraries were selected using SMD principles and their activities were evaluated by their binding to SPOT-synthesized peptide membranes and by fluorescence polarization (FP). The approach was able to reveal the most critical residues required for antigen binding, and finally to increase the binding activity by proper modifications of amino acids in the peptide antigen. A model of the active peptide binding pocket formed by the mutated scFv and the antigen was compatible with the information gained from the experimental data. Our results suggest that SMD approaches can be used to explore peptide antigen features essential for their interactions with antibodies.
Preparation and Properties Nanomaterials via a Mechanochemical Route with Possible Application to All-solid-state Li-ion Battery (2018)

A short overview is given on the rationalization of preparative processes of complex oxide nanoparticles. After a brief introduction associated with mechanochemical effects as a background, merits of combining mechanical activation and subsequent chemical treatments for the synthesis of complex oxide nanoparticles are emphasized. Mechanical stressing on the stoichiometric mixture of all the ingredients at an appropriate stage significantly reduces the subsequent calcination temperature. It is necessary for attaining high crystallinity and phase purity, while suppressing grain growth. A precursor with preformed embryos or nuclei is appropriate for subsequent low temperature solid-state synthesis. This is realized by careful choice of the starting ingredients and sparing mechanical stressing, usually exerted by a grinding mill. The procedure leads to complex oxide materials with high crystallinity and small particle size, simultaneously. A case study is given on the preparation of garnet type cubic Li7La3Zr2O12 (c-LLZO), A possibility of application to all solid Li ion battery is also refeered.
ChemInform Abstract: Some Further Novel Transformations of Geminal (Pyridine‐2‐thiyl) Phenyl Sulfones. (1990)

Abstract The activated N‐acyloxypyridinethiones (III), prepared from the acids (II) and the N‐hydroxy compound (I), react with phenyl vinyl sulfone (IV) under irradiation to form the 1‐(pyridylthio)alkyl sulfones (V) which are desulfurized with disodium telluride, yielding the sulfones (VI).
Continuous flow Fischer esterifications harnessing vibrational-coupled thin film fluidics (2014)

Organic synthesis under shear: high yielding, acid catalysed, continuous flow synthesis of esters involves coupling of vibrations in thin film fluidics, as rapid environmentally friendly organic methodology.
A Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation Mediated by Argentophilic Forces Converts a Finite Metal Complex into an Infinite Coordination Network (2005)

Reaktionen in Kristallen: Wechselwirkungen zwischen AgI-Ionen dienen dazu, Olefine für eine regiokontrollierte Einkristall-Einkristall(SCSC)-[2+2]-Photodimerisierung vorzuorientieren, bei der ein endlicher zweikerniger Komplex quantitativ in ein eindimensionales Koordinationsnetzwerk überführt wird (siehe Schema). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500400_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Braided bronchus: A previously undescribed airway anomaly (1998)

Infants with congenital heart disease frequently experience recurrent atelectasis, in many cases associated with anomalous branching of the bronchial tree. The bridging bronchus has been well described and has been associated with both left-sided obstructive lesions and a sling-like left pulmonary artery. We describe a similar, though distinct airway anomaly, the "braided bronchus," associated with a bridging bronchus in a child with coarctation of the aorta and recurrent atelectasis. Methods used to delineate the "braided bronchus" are described.
Detection and control of lithotripsy-induced cavitation in blood (1998)

Monitoring and controlling cavitation offer ways of isolating the role of cavitation in lithotripsy-induced cell damage. Finger cots containing 7 ml of PBS-diluted blood (3% hematocrit) were treated by 100 lithotripter pulses focused by either a conventional rigid reflector or a pressure-release reflector. The rigid reflector produced 7% hemolysis at 18 kV. The pressure-release reflector, which produces an equally strong acoustic pulse but less intense cavitation, produced 1% hemolysis which was indistinguishable from control levels. A passive cavitation detector consisting of two confocal focused transducers operating in coincidence was used to monitor cavitation within each blood sample. With the rigid reflector, each transducer recorded a spike when pre-existing bubbles were collapsed by the positive portion of the lithotripter pulse and a second spike when the bubbles, caused to grow by the negative portion of the pulse, underwent inertial collapse. The time between spikes was 1.25–1.5 times longer in blood than in water. The results appear to indicate that transient cavitation is an important mechanism in lithotripsy-induced hemolysis, that lithotripter-induced cavitation can be monitored in cell samples, and that bubble dynamics in blood and water are not identical. [Work supported by NIH PO1 DK43881, UW STAR, and DARPA/ONR.]