gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance of Bt‐susceptible and ‐heterozygous dual‐gene resistant genotypes of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in seed blends of non‐Bt and pyramided Bt maize (2020)

A seed blend refuge has been implemented in the U.S. Corn Belt for Bt maize resistance management. The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith), is a target pest of Bt maize in the Americas. The larvae of this pest are mobile, which may affect the efficacy of seed blend refuges. In this study, field and greenhouse trials were conducted to determine the performance of Bt-susceptible (aabb) and -heterozygous dual-gene-resistant (AaBb) genotypes of S. frugiperda in seed blends of non-Bt and pyramided Bt maize. Three field trials evaluated larval survival, larval growth, and plant injury with aabb in seed blends of Bt maize expressing Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2/Vip3A with 0-30% non-Bt seeds. Greenhouse tests investigated the performance of aabb and AaBb in seed blends of Cry1A.105/Cry2Ab2 with 0-30% non-Bt seeds. In pure non-Bt maize plots, after 9-13 d of neonates being released on the plants, 0.39 and 0.65 larvae/plant survived with leaf injury ratings of 4.7 and 5.9 (Davis's 1-9 scale) in the field and greenhouse, respectively. In contrast, live larvae and plant injury were virtually not observed on Bt plants across all planting patterns. Larval occurrence and plant injury by aabb on non-Bt plants were similar between seed blends and pure non-Bt plantings, suggesting that the blended refuges could provide an equivalent susceptible population as structured refuge under the test conditions. In the greenhouse, the two insect genotypes in seed blends performed similarly, indicating that the seed blends did not provide more favorable conditions for AaBb over aabb. The information generated from this study should be useful in managing S. frugiperda and evaluating if send blends could be suitable refuge options for Bt resistance management in the regions where the insect is a primary target pest.
Antenna Selection in Polarization Reconfigurable MIMO (PR-MIMO) Communication Systems (2021)

Adaptation of a wireless system to the polarization state of the propagation channel can improve reliability and throughput. This paper in particular considers polarization reconfigurable multiple input multiple output (PR-MIMO) systems, where both transmitter and receiver can change the (linear) polarization orientation at each element of their antenna arrays. We first introduce joint polarization pre-post coding to maximize bounds on the capacity and the maximum eigenvalue of the channel matrix. For this we first derive approximate closed form equations of optimal polarization vectors at one link end, and then use iterative joint polarization pre-post coding to pursue joint optimal polarization vectors at both link ends. Next we investigate the combination of PR-MIMO with hybrid antenna selection / maximum ratio transmission (PR-HS/MRT), which can achieve a remarkable improvement of channel capacity and symbol error rate (SER). Further, two novel schemes of element wise and global polarization reconfiguration are presented for PR-HS/MRT. Comprehensive simulation results indicate that the proposed schemes provide 3 to 5 dB SNR gain in PR-MIMO spatial multiplexing and approximately 3 dB SNR gain in PRHS/ MRT, with concomitant improvements of channel capacity and SER.
Novel carbon capture and utilisation technologies: research and climate aspect (2018)

Commissioner Miguel Arias Cañete (Climate Action &amp; Energy) asked Carlos Moedas, Commissioner for Research, Science and Innovation to entrust the new Scientific Advice Mechanism and its scientific and engineering networks of European academies (SAPEA) with the mandate of exploring the potential of Carbon Capture and Utilisation (CCU), and provide a scientific opinion on the challenges and opportunities of related novel technologies, thereby providing a direct link between scientific expertise and policy makers in the European Commission. The European Commission Group of Chief Scientific Advisors provided independent scientific advice to the College of European Commissioners to support their decision-making by producing a scientific opinion based on the scientific expertise provided by SAPEA (an integral part of the Scientific Advice Mechanism) in the form of an evidence review report. This evidence review report assesses the climate change mitigation potential of CCU, which is defined as “those technologies that use CO2 as a feedstock and convert it into value-added products such as fuels, chemicals or building materials”.
A 7.3 THz Cut-Off Frequency, Inline, Chalcogenide Phase-Change RF Switch Using an Independent Resistive Heater for Thermal Actuation (2013)

An inline chalcogenide phase change RF switch utilizing germanium telluride (GeTe) and driven by an integrated, electrically isolated thin film heater for thermal actuation has been fabricated. A voltage or current pulse applied to the heater terminals was used to transition the phase change material between the crystalline and amorphous states. An on-state resistance of 1.2 Ω (0.036 Ω-mm), with an off-state capacitance and resistance of 18.1 fF and 112 kΩ respectively were measured. This results in an RF switch cut-off frequency (F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">co</sub> ) of 7.3 THz, and an off/on DC resistance ratio of 9 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> . The heater pulse power required to switch the GeTe between the two states was as low as 0.5W, with zero power consumption during steady state operation, making it a non-volatile RF switch. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first reported implementation of an RF phase change switch in a 4-terminal, inline configuration.
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in asteroid 2008 TC3: Dispersion of organic compounds inside asteroids (2010)

Abstract– Ureilites are carbon‐bearing ultramafic rocks characterized by partial melt depletion and a violent disruption resulting in graphitic carbon and diamonds. Among the predominantly polymict ureilite meteorites collected from the impact of asteroid 2008 TC 3 on October 7, 2008—the first time an asteroid was spotted in space and subsequently recovered in the form of meteorites—were many fresh‐looking chondrites. Four were classified as EH6 (#16), H5 (sample #25), EL6 (#41), and L4 (#A100) chondrites. All are called “Almahata Sitta,” named after the nearby inhabited outpost of Station 6. Six hundred meteorites were collected, which show a wide range of densities, textures, reflection properties, and elemental compositions. In this study, we employ laser desorption laser ionization mass spectrometry to analyze the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contents of six meteorites from 2008 TC 3 that are ureilites (sample #1, #4, #7, #15, #27, and #47) and three anomalous fragments (sample #25, #16, and #41). Numerous organic compounds were detected with a PAH signature that has not been observed in the carbonaceous chondrites previously studied by our experimental apparatus. Specifically, the Almahata Sitta spectra lack the diversity of alkylation series of parent PAHs commonly observed in Murchison and other carbonaceous chondrites. Spatial mappings of aromatic species across the surface of a fragment of sample #4 are presented including detection of what appears to be the aromatic amino acid tyrosine. Potential sources of terrestrial organic contamination are discussed and ruled out as a source of our observations. Meteorites #25 and #16 are found to have the same distribution of PAHs as the Almahata Sitta meteorites. Other chondrites have much different organic fingerprints. We conclude that both an H5 and E chondrite were included in asteroid 2008 TC 3 as foreign clasts and that organic compounds contained in ureilites can spread into other parts of an asteroid.
Reduction of ureteral stent encrustation by modulating the urine pH and inhibiting the crystal film with a new oral composition: a m ulticenter, placebo controlled, double blind, randomized clinical trial (2020)

Abstract Background: Encrustation of ureteral double J stents is a common complication that may affect its removal. The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new oral composition to prevent double J stent encrustation in indwelling times up to 8 weeks. Methods: A double-blinded, multicenter, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 105 patients with indwelling double J stents enrolled across 9 public hospitals in Spain. The patients were randomly assigned (1:1) into intervention (53 patients) or placebo (52 patients) groups for 3 to 8 weeks and both groups self-monitored daily their morning urine pH levels. The primary outcome of analysis was the degree of stent ends encrustation, defined by a 4-point score (0 – none; 3 – global encrustation) using macroscopic and electron microscopy analysis of crystals, after 3 to 8-w indwelling period. Score was exponentially transformed according to calcium levels. Secondary endpoints included urine pH decrease, stent removal, and incidence of adverse events. Results: The intervention group benefits from a lower global encrustation rate of stent ends than placebo group (1% vs 8.2%; p &lt; 0.018). Mean encrustation score was 85.12 (274.5) in the placebo group and 18.91 (102.27) in the intervention group (p &lt; 0.025). Considering the secondary end points, treated patients reported greater urine pH decreases (p = 0.002). No differences in the incidence of adverse events were identified between the groups. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the use of this new oral composition is beneficial in the context of ureteral double J indwelling by decreasing mean, as well as global encrustation. Trial registration: This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov under the name “Combined Use of a Medical Device and a Dietary Complement in Patient Urinary pH Control in Patients With an Implanted Double J Stent” with date 2nd November 2017, code NCT03343275, and URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/record/NCT03343275?term=NCT03343275&amp;draw=2&amp;rank=1 Keywords: double J stent; encrustation; nutraceutical; L-methionine; phytin; pH.
Synthesis of 5-Methylbenzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines and5-Methylbenzo[b]seleno[2,3-c]isoquinolines (2000)

5-Methylbenzo[b]thieno[2,3-c]isoquinolines and 5-methylbenzo[b]seleno[2,3-c]isoquinolines 11b,c have been prepared by Bischler-Napieralski cyclization of 2-acetamido-3-phenylbenzo[b]heteroarenes.
Studies of reactions of atomic and diatomic chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc with molecular water at 15 K (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies of reactions of atomic and diatomic chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and zinc with molecular water at 15 KJ. W. Kauffman, Robert H. Hauge, and J. L. MargraveCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1985, 89, 16, 3541–3547Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100262a023https://doi.org/10.1021/j100262a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
BTBT Transistor Scaling: Can they be Competitive with MOSFETs? (2008)

The authors analysis shows the significant challenges facing the development of TFETs. Our simulation results show that it is unlikely that Si TFETs will be able to achieve the necessary ON-current to compete with MOSFETs. The exponential drain characteristic is a problem fundamental to TFET structures demonstrated so far. Overcoming this problem will require device improvements and more efficient tunneling materials to achieve higher ON-currents. It may also be possible to engineer novel BTBT based devices without exponential drain voltage characteristics, but doing so while also achieving steeper than 'kT/q' subthreshold slope will be difficult.
Commercialization of fiber-optic current and voltage sensors at NxtPhase (2003)

In this paper, we review the electric power industry trends and discuss the market for fiber-optic current and voltage sensors in that industry. We also discuss the products which NxtPhase has developed and the qualifying tests and installations completed to date.
Fast Functional Imaging of Single Neurons Using Random-Access Multiphoton (RAMP) Microscopy (2005)

The successful study of dendritic signaling and computation requires the ability to simultaneously monitor neuronal activity at multiple cellular sites. While the difficulties of accessing dendritic submicron structures with conventional micropipette approaches are generally overcome by optical recording techniques, their spatio-temporal resolution has limited such studies to few sites or slow signals. Here we present a novel approach to functional imaging, termed random-access multiphoton (RAMP) microscopy, which combines multiphoton excitation with an inertia-free scanning mechanism. RAMP microscopy employs two-dimensional acousto-optic deflection to rapidly position a focused near-infrared ultrafast laser beam between dwell periods at multiple user-selected sites. Because neuronal structures are generally sparse, activity located throughout various compartments, including thin dendritic branches and spines, can be mapped at high frame rates while maintaining the signal-to-noise ratio of conventional scanning microscopy. Moreover, RAMP microscopy maintains the excellent structural imaging capability of multiphoton excitation, i.e., intrinsic optical sectioning and high lateral resolution from within highly light-scattering brain tissue. RAMP microscopy thus comprises a versatile tool for investigating correlations of dendritic structure and function with significantly enhanced experimental throughput.
Adaptive feedforward control for active noise cancellation in-ear headphones (2012)

Noise can be disturbing, stressful or even harmful. Headphones with active noise cancellation (ANC) can enhance the user’s comfort, especially when travelling. On a plane or a train, in the street or at work, these headphones give the possibility to reduce unwanted noise. The range of ANC headphones on the market is constantly increasing. Circumaural and supra-aural headphones with different control strategies have been available for a long time; over the last few years the product lines have been expanded to in-ear headphones. These headphones already have quite a good passive attenuation and are equipped with feedforward control for active noise cancellation. The best results in attenuation are achieved by semi-adaptive digital controls, which choose the best filter depending on the noise spectrum and can be manually adapted to the user. A fully adaptive control has already been proven to be very effective in aviation headsets and other ANC applications. Besides the market analysis of ANC headphones we would like to present an adaptive feedforward control for in-ear headphones and highlight the advantages compared to a static feedforward control.
Initial rotor position detection for delta-connected synchronous reluctance motor (2013)

In this paper, an initial rotor position detection approach for the delta-connected synchronous reluctance motor is proposed. This method estimates the rotor angular position by applying voltage pulses to the stator windings with appropriate switching sequences of a PWM inverter at standstill condition. It only needs the 3-phase motor line currents measurement to determine the initial position of the rotor and thus does not require any knowledge of machine parameters. This technique is based on the theory that the stator self and mutual inductances are functions of rotor positions, and the relationship between the currents and the rotor position is presented with equations. The equivalent circuits of the different conduction modes are analyzed and the experimental results have been verified, demonstrating that the technique can provide an accurate initial rotor position which can be further used in the sensorless control.
Supramolecular Materials: Aligned Macroscopic Domains of Optoelectronic Nanostructures Prepared via Shear‐Flow Assembly of Peptide Hydrogels (Adv. Mater. 43/2011) (2011)

An assembly process whereby solutions of π-conjugated peptide molecules are fashioned into macroscale hydrogel noodles through a simple solution dispensing technique is reported by John D. Tovar and co-workers on page 5009. This method allows one-step manipulation of molecular species into 1D nanostructures that are themselves globally aligned within the noodle architecture. Art-work by Shawna Garcia.
Non-invasive imaging of endogenous neural stem cell mobilization in vivo using Positron Emission Tomography (2012)

Neural stem cells reside in two major niches in the adult brain, i.e. the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Insults to the brain such as cerebral ischemia result in a physiological mobilization of endogenous neural stem cells. Since recent studies showed that pharmacological stimulation can be used to expand the endogenous neural stem cell niche, hope has been raised to enhance the brain’s own regenerative capacity. For the evaluation of such novel therapeutic approaches, longitudinal and intraindividual monitoring of the endogenous neural stem cell niche is required. We established a non-invasive imaging assay using Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and the radiotracer 3’-deoxy–3’-[18F]fluoro-L-thymidine ([18F]FLT) that enables imaging and measuring of proliferation, in order to non-invasively detect endogenous neural stem cells in the normal and diseased adult rat brain in vivo. This method indeed visualized neural stem cell niches in the living rat brain, identified as increased [18F]FLT-binding in the SVZ and the hippocampus. Focal cerebral ischemia and subsequent damage of the blood-brain barrier did not interfere with the capability of [18F]FLT-PET to visualize neural stem cell mobilization. Moreover, [18F]FLT-PET allowed for an in vivo quantification of increased neural stem cell mobilization caused by pharmacological stimulation or by focal cerebral ischemia. We suggest that non-invasive, longitudinal monitoring and quantification of endogenous neural stem cell activation in the brain is feasible, and that [18F]FLT-PET can be used to monitor the effects of drugs aimed at expanding the neural stem cell niche.
IRC011, a New Synthetic Chelator With Selective Interaction With Catabolic Red Blood Cell Iron: Evaluation in Hypertransfused Rats With Hepatocellular and Reticuloendothelial Radioiron Probes and in Iron-Loaded Rat Heart Cells in Culture (1997)

A major consideration in the selection of new and improved iron chelators for clinical use is preferential interaction with the most toxic iron compartment. We describe the biologic properties of a new synthetic hexadentate iron chelator (IRC011) that is a substituted polyaza compound. Unlike deferoxamine (DF ), the polyaza structure of IRC011 does not contain any readily hydrolyzable covalent bonds and is anticipated to resist in vivo biotransformation. In the present studies, the ability of IRC011 to remove radioiron from iron-loaded heart cells in vitro was similar to DF, with a decrease to 20.0 +/- 0.4% and 19.7 +/- 0.5% of initial values after 24 hours of incubation with 0.3 mmol/L of DF or IRC011, respectively. The in vivo interaction of IRC011 with specific iron stores was studied in hypertransfused rats using selective labeling of reticuloendothelial (RE) iron stores with 59Fe-heat-denatured red blood cells (DRBCs) and of hepatocellular stores with 59Fe-ferritin. The pattern of radioiron excretion with IRC011 was quite different from that with DF. Although with both compounds, hepatocellular iron excretion was through the bile, whereas RE iron excretion was mainly in the urine, the magnitude of these effects was quite different. After the administration of a single parenteral dose of 200 mg/kg representing a 53% higher iron-binding capacity for IRC011 compared with DF, 48-hour urinary excretion of RE iron with IRC011 was 22.8% +/- 1.1% (% of total body 59Fe), but only 6.0% +/- 3.6% with DF. By contrast, the corresponding biliary excretion of hepatocellular radioiron was 14.2% +/- 3.2% with DF, but only 0.7% +/- 0.3% with IRC011. Thus, the new iron chelator IRC011 is distinguished from DF by the following features: (1) a higher affinity to Fe(III), (2) anticipated resistance to in vivo catabolism, (3) preferential interaction with RE iron derived from RBC breakdown, and (4) selective renal excretion. Because RBC breakdown is the most likely source of the toxic nontranferrin plasma iron, IRC011 may be a useful iron chelator for protecting vital organs from peroxidative damage.
AnAluelement retroposition in two families with Huntington disease defines a new activeAlusubfamily (1993)

Alu repetitive elements represent the most common short interspersed elements (SINEs) found in primates, with an estimated 500,000 members in the haploid human genome. Considerable evidence has accumulated that these elements have dispersed in the genome by active transcription followed by retroposition, and that this process is ongoing. Sequence variation between the individual elements has lead to the hierarchical classification of Alu repeats into families and subfamilies. Young subfamilies that are still being actively transposed are of considerable interest, and the identification of one such subfamily (designated 'PV') has lead to the hypothesis that the most recent retroposition events are due to a single master Alu source gene. In the course of our search for the gene causing Huntington disease, we have detected an Alu retroposition event in two families. Sequence analysis demonstrates that this Alu element is not a member of the PV subfamily, but is similar to 5 other Alu elements in the GenBank database. Together, these Alu elements, all of which contain a 7 base-pair internal duplication, define a distinct subfamily, designated as the Sb2 subfamily, providing evidence for a second actively retroposing Alu source gene. These data provide support for multiple source genes for Alu retroposition in the human genome.