gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron beam defined delamination and ablation of carbon-diamond thin films on silicon (1990)

Defined delamination of thin carbon-diamond films on Si using a focused electron beam of 0.5 kW/cm2 power density is reported. The films were deposited form a CH4/Ar rf plasma and were less than 1 μm thick with residual compressive stress of 1.0–0.5 GPa. At higher electron beam power densities ablation and crystallization of the films are observed. Analysis of buckling patterns in spontaneously delaminated films give estimates of 128 J m2, 91 GPa and 0.5 for the intrinsic interface toughness, Young’s modulus and Poissons ratio of the films.
A small integrated lateral wedge does not alter knee joint moments during walking (2012)

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common degenerative disorders. Recently, it has been proposed that lateral wedged footwear could play a preventative role by reducing the frontal plane knee joint moments during walking. However, these interventions can be uncomfortable, so it is important to determine whether minimal wedging can still have a positive influence. The aim of this study was to test the influence of a 2° full-length lateral wedge on frontal plane knee joint internal moments during walking. It was hypothesized that the lateral wedge would shift the centre of pressure (COP) laterally and decrease the knee abduction moment. Joint kinematics, joint kinetics and the COP trajectory of 15 healthy subjects (seven males and eight females) were obtained when the subjects walked at 1.4 m s−1 with a Control shoe and a Lateral Wedge shoe (2° wedge). The results of this study showed no difference between the Lateral Wedge and the Control shoe condition in the internal peak knee abduction moment and the position of the COP. This suggests that a 2° wedge is not sufficient to influence the position of the COP nor to decrease the internal knee abduction moment.
Toward the feasible direct air capture of carbon dioxide with molecular sieves by water management (2023)

Engineered systems for the direct air capture (DAC) of carbon dioxide (CO2) are being investigated worldwide. Here, we demonstrate a technology for DAC that uses molecular sieves and, in some cases, H2O harvesting. A combination of a commercially available desiccant, AQSOA-Z02A, and a mordenite-type zeolite (MOR) enables continuous operation of a designed DAC system comprised of two parallel units with a regeneration temperature of 100°C. The system using pure zeolite alone requires regeneration at temperatures between 200°C and 300°C. Techno-economic analyses of 12 process scenarios reveal that the energy requirement of the best scenario investigated is 71 GJ/tCO2, while the conventional pure zeolite-based system requires 200 GJ/tCO2. The optimized system gives a cost between $246 and $568 per ton CO2 captured, depending on the energy costs. The price can be dramatically lowered or profitable when the system operates at sub-0°C temperatures or with integration of water harvesting, respectively.
Very Low-Dose Mirtazapine (7.5 mg) in Treatment of Acute Antipsychotic-Associated Akathisia (2018)

A large-scale controlled evaluation is warranted to substantiate clinical utility of off-label use of mirtazapine (7.5 mg) for patients with AAA.
T Lymphocytes Promote the Development of Bone Marrow-Derived APC in the Central Nervous System (2001)

Certain cells within the CNS, microglial cells and perivascular macrophages, develop from hemopoietic myelomonocytic lineage progenitors in the bone marrow (BM). Such BM-derived cells function as CNS APC during the development of T cell-mediated paralytic inflammation in diseases such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. We used a novel, interspecies, rat-into-mouse T cell and/or BM cell-transfer method to examine the development and function of BM-derived APC in the CNS. Activated rat T cells, specific for either myelin or nonmyelin Ag, entered the SCID mouse CNS within 3-5 days of cell transfer and caused an accelerated recruitment of BM-derived APC into the CNS. Rat APC in the mouse CNS developed from transferred rat BM within an 8-day period and were entirely sufficient for induction of CNS inflammation and paralysis mediated by myelin-specific rat T cells. The results demonstrate that T cells modulate the development of BM-derived CNS APC in an Ag-independent fashion. This previously unrecognized regulatory pathway, governing the presence of functional APC in the CNS, may be relevant to pathogenesis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, and/or other CNS diseases involving myelomonocytic lineage cells.
Molybdenum Carbide Coatings Electrodeposited from Molten Fluoride Bath: Preparation of a Coherent Coating (1988)

The preparation of molybdenum carbide coating was carried out by electrochemical deposition from a molten salt bath containing FLINAK and sodium carbonate with additions of potassium molybdate. For current densities in the range of 60ndash;150 mA/cm2 the coating morphology is determined principally by the deposition temperature (800°ndash;900°C). The thickness over an irregular substrate profile was uniform and the coating obtained was dense and pore free.
Low-Temperature Chemical Growth of ZnO Nanorods with Enhanced UV Emission on Plastic Substrates (2010)

In this paper we report ZnO nanorods (NRs) grown by a two step chemical bath deposition method at temperature down to 50 degrees C. The structural and optical properties of the as deposited ZnO NRs ...
Encoder logic for reducing serial I/O power in sensors and sensor hubs (2016)

Communicating data from sensors such as gyroscopes and accelerometers, to processors, typically occurs over printed circuit board traces. This communication can cost up to 40 μW at data rates of 1 Mb/s.
Analytical models for the performance analysis of banyan networks (1991)

Banyan networks are an important class of multistage interconnection networks that have been used for connecting processors with memories in parallel machines. This dissertation presents two models that can be used for the performance evaluation of such networks.
The first model uses Markov chains to approximate the flow processes in the network. We provide accurate methods for predicting the delay and throughput for packets in non-combining and combining Banyan networks with uniform traffic and non-uniform traffic, with fixed service times and varying service times, and with finite buffers and infinite buffers. Using this approximation, we also present a method based on the technique of coupling to estimate a bound on the time for a Banyan network starting empty to approach steady state.
The second model approximates the flow processes with Brownian motions and yields good estimates for delay and queue lengths under heavy traffic.
MCPIP‐1 deficiency induces hepatic inflammation and impairs insulin signaling in mice (2013)

Emerging evidence suggests that elevated inflammatory/immune events are associated with pathogenesis of diabetes. MCPIP1 (monocyte chemotactic protein [MCP]–induced protein 1; also known as ZC3H12A ), an immune response modifier expressed in mice macrophage in response to LPS and MCP‐1 stimulation, plays a negative role in the process of inflammation. Our current study was designed to test if MCPIP‐1 deficiency induced metabolic dysfunction by affecting the insulin signaling transduction pathway. Wild‐type C57/BL6 mice and MCPIP‐1 knockout mice with the C57/BL6 background were used. We found that MCPIP‐1‐deficient mice showed severe hepatic inflammation and remodeling, lower fasting plasma insulin levels (p&lt;0.05), delayed response to the glucose challenge (p&lt;0.05), and reduced insulin tolerance (p&lt;0.05). Our results also revealed that insulin‐induced phosphorylation of insulin receptor (IR), insulin receptor substrate 1(IRS‐1), and AKT were substantially decreased in the liver from MCPIP1‐deficient mice. In conclusion, MCPIP‐1 deficiency impairs insulin production, insulin signaling transduction, and the ability of enduring metabolic challenges by inducing hepatic inflammation. Funded by Warner's grant, A.T. Still University of Health Sciences.
Thermal Laser Separation (TLS) Dicing Process Study – a New Technology for Cutting Silicon Solar Cells for High-Efficiency Half-Cell Modules (2015)

Half-cell modules are a relatively simple way to reach very good module efficiencies due to the reduction of ohmic losses. A standard manufacturing method is scribe and break cleaving of full-sized wafers into two halves. In this paper, the alternative approach of the new method of Thermal Laser Separation (TLS) is investigated. TLS is a kerf-less non-ablative method, which first heats up the wafer by a laser beam along a cutting line to generate compressive stress, and immediately afterwards cools it down quickly by a fluid or aerosol jet, generating tensile stress which finally separates the wafer without material loss. Cut edges appear optically superior to any competing method. Before the separation cut, an initial small diamond or laser scribe is needed. We investigate the influence of cutting parameters, as laser power, cutting speed, cooling and others, on the process result, which is characterized by geometrical dimensions like crack deviations and the bending strength.
Potassium-channel blockers inhibit inositol trisphosphate-induced calcium release in the microsomal fractions isolated from the rat brain (1988)

The ionic mechanism of inositol trisphosphate (InsP3)-induced Ca2+ release was investigated in microsomes (microsomal fractions) isolated from rat brain. InsP3 stimulated Ca2+ release from microsomes incubated in media containing 100 mM-KCl. The InsP3-induced Ca2+ release was insensitive to a variety of Ca2+-channel blockers; however, the K+-channel blockers tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA; 1 mM) and 9-tetraethylammonium chloride (9-TEA; 1 mM) blocked InsP3-induced Ca2+ release. Moreover, addition of InsP3 increased 86Rb+ influx into the microsomes. The influx of 86Rb+ also was sensitive to TEA and 9-TEA. The above results suggest that InsP3-induced Ca2+ release requires an opposite flow of K+ ions, and modulation of K+ channels by TEA and 9-TEA may underlie the inhibition of InsP3-induced Ca2+ release from brain microsomes by these agents.
Rectilinear approximation and volume estimates for hereditary bodies via [0,1]-decorated containers (2021)

We use the hypergraph container theory of Balogh--Morris--Samotij and Saxton--Thomason to obtain general rectilinear approximations and volume estimates for sequences of bodies closed under certain families of projections. We give a number of applications of our results, including a multicolour generalisation of a theorem of Hatami, Janson and Szegedy on the entropy of graph limits. Finally, we raise a number of questions on geometric and analytic approaches to containers.
Toward a Rational Design of Surface Textures Promoting Endothelialization (2014)

The safe integration of cardiovascular devices requires the sustainable coverage of their luminal surface by endothelial cells (ECs). The engineering of active surface textures has the potential to coordinate cellular adhesion and migration under the action of hemodynamic forces. We define a paradigm to rationally design textures maximizing EC activities as a function of the applied stresses. This is based on harnessing the adhesions established by ECs through fine-tuning of the vertical extend of the underlying surface nanotopography.
Regulation of Trypanosoma cruzi infection in mice by gamma interferon and interleukin 10: role of NK cells (1996)

Gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) plays an important role in experimental Trypanosoma cruzi infections, presumably by controlling the early replication of parasites in host macrophages. In this work, we show that NK cells represent an important cell type responsible for the production of most of the IFN-gamma in the early stage of T. cruzi infection and that the in vivo treatment of mice with anti-NK1.1 monoclonal antibody made resistant animals susceptible to the infection. Through in vitro experiments, we demonstrate that normal splenocytes from euthymic or athymic nude mice cultivated for 48 h with live T. cruzi trypomastigotes produced elevated levels of IFN-gamma. In addition, NK-depleted splenocytes show a drastic reduction of IFN-gamma production in response to live T. cruzi trypomastigotes. We also demonstrated that IFN-gamma production is dependent on a factor secreted by adherent cells. Supernatants of spleen cells from athymic nude mice are able to induce IFN-gamma production by normal splenocytes when cultured with trypomastigotes. The addition of anti-interleukin-10 to these cultures resulted in a marked increase in IFN-gamma production. On the other hand, the absence of NK cells led to an increased secretion of interleukin-10 upon in vitro stimulation with T. cruzi. Taken together, these results suggest that NK cells are the major source of IFN-gamma that could be involved in limiting the replication of T. cruzi in host macrophages during the early acute phase of the infection.
Mapping the Spread of Epidural Phenol in Cancer Pain Patients by Radionuclide Admixture and Epidural Scintigraphy (1992)

This study used a radionuclide imaging technique to map the spread and density contours of phenol in glycerin injected into the epidural space of cancer patients. Correlations were made between phenol injectate volume, sequence of injection, position of patient, and resultant epidural spread and analgesic outcome. Fifteen patients with cancer pain (average age of 61 years) were treated with serial epidural phenol in glycerin injections. Phenol in glycerin is miscible with [99mTc]sulfur colloid. An assumption was made that the admixture injected epidurally was inseparable prior to absorption and the spread was recorded by continuous gamma camera observations with computer collection for 30 min postinjection. The spread of injectate volumes of 2, 3, and 4 ml were compared and further correlations made between observed spread and sequence of injections (first to fifth in series within each patient) and position of patient. Small volumes of phenol may spread extensively in the epidural space (3 ml spreads a mean 13.6 segments) with wide variation among patients. Initial phenol injections spread further than subsequent injections. Maximum spread is achieved by 15 min postinjection and epidural distribution is mostly uniform, independent of patient position. Good analgesia was obtained in 14 patients (93%). Epidural neurolysis using serial injections of small volumes of phenol in glycerin is an effective, safe technique for cancer pain relief. Injectate volumes larger than 3 ml may be unnecessary and potentially dangerous.
Controlled transport of superparamagnetic beads with spin-valves (2011)

Trapping, release, and transport of individual, or ensembles of, 2.8 μm superparamagnetic beads (SPB) functionalized with streptavidin were demonstrated with an addressable array of spin-valve (SV) traps integrated into a microfluidic channel. The linear array consists of two staggered lines of 1 μm × 8 μm SVs toggled “on” or “off” with 10 ms and 150 mA or −100 mA current pulses, respectively. The SPB is trapped when the SV is “on” and released or ignored when the SV is “off”. This “switchable permanent magnet” offers a low power alternative to other precision microfluidic transport devices.
Evaluation of mobile digital light-emitting diode fluorescence microscopy in Hanoi, Viet Nam (2015)

CellScopeTB performed similarly to conventional microscopy techniques in the hands of experienced TB microscopists. However, the sensitivity of all sputum microscopy techniques was low. Options enabled by digital microscopy, such as automated imaging with real-time computerized analysis, should be explored to increase sensitivity.
RANS-VOF Modelling of Wave Energy Converters (2015)

This cross-industry/academic project aims to develop a computational tool capable of predicting the\nbehavior of Wave Energy Converter (WEC) and mooring coupled systems in extreme waves. The\nNumerical Wave Tank (NWT) created employs a fully nonlinear Computational Fluid Dynamics\napproach to solve the incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations for air and water\nusing a Volume of Fluid treatment of the free surface.\nThe study compares simulations of two existing WEC designs (Figure 1) with scale-model tank tests.\nFor the Wavestar machine, a point-absorber constrained to pitch motion only [1], results show good\nagreement with physical measurements of pressure, force and float motion in regular waves. However,\nthe solution in the wake region requires improvement. For the Seabased device, a point-absorber\nconsisting of a moored float and Power Take-Off with limited stroke length, translator and endstop\n[2], bespoke functionality has been added to the NWT. The 6 Degrees of Freedom float motion and\nload in the mooring compare well with experiments in large regular waves.\nIn conclusion, the computational tool developed here is capable of reliably predicting the behaviour of\nWEC systems and, with some additional parameterisation, could be used to assess the survivability of\nWEC systems at full-scale before going to the expense of deployment at sea.
An in vitro study on the effect of bevacizumab on endothelial cell proliferation and VEGF concentration level in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (2022)

Previous studies have demonstrated that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is upregulated in patients with hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT). The use of Bevacizumab as an anti-angiogenic treatment agent seems promising. The purpose of the present <i>in vitro</i> study was to determine the efficacy and potential toxicity levels of bevacizumab on cell proliferation and VEGF concentrations in endothelial cells of HHT patients. In this <i>in vitro</i> study, endothelial cells from patients with HHT and HUVECs (control) were incubated with different concentration levels of bevacizumab (2, 4, 6, 8 or 10 mg/ml). After 24, 48 or 72 h, the cell proliferation was assessed by Alamar Blue<sup>®</sup> Assay and the VEGF levels in the cell culture supernatants were measured by VEGF-ELISA. All endothelial cells incubated with bevacizumab showed an initial decrease in cell proliferation. Cell proliferation recovered within 72 h in cell cultures incubated with concentration levels of up to 4 mg/ml bevacizumab, whereas those incubated with higher concentration levels showed a continuous decline in cell proliferation. VEGF expression decreased after 24 h in cell cultures incubated with bevacizumab concentration levels of 2 and 4 mg/ml but increased again after 48 h. Cell cultures incubated with bevacizumab concentration levels of 10 mg/ml showed a constant decline in VEGF expression without any tendency for recovery. Translating these results into daily clinical practice, the present study suggests that the intranasal submucosal injection of bevacizumab in HHT patients should not exceed a concentration level of 4 mg/ml. Overall, higher bevacizumab concentration levels not only reduce VEGF expression but pose a higher risk of toxic effects on endothelial cells as they jeopardize cell proliferation.
Reversible, Selective Trapping of Perchlorate from Water in Record Capacity by a Cationic Metal–Organic Framework (2016)

We report the capture of ppm-level aqueous perchlorate in record capacity and kinetics via the complete anion exchange of a cationic metal-organic framework. Ambient conditions were used for both the synthesis of silver 4,4'-bipyridine nitrate (SBN) and the exchange, forming silver 4,4'-bipyridine perchlorate (SBP). The exchange was complete within 90 min, and the capacity was 354 mg/g, representing 99% removal. These values are greater than current anion exchangers such as the resins Amberlite IRA-400 (249 mg/g), Purolite A530E (104 mg/g), and layered double hydroxides (28 mg/g). Moreover, unlike resins and layered double hydroxides, SBN is fully reusable and displays 96% regeneration to SBN in nitrate solution, with new crystal formation allowing the indefinite cycling for perchlorate. We show seven cycles as proof of concept. Perchlorate contamination of water represents a serious health threat because it is a thyroid endocrine disruptor. This noncomplexing anionic pollutant is significantly mobile and environmentally persistent. Removal of other anionic pollutants from water such as chromate, pertechnetate, or arsenate may be possible by this methodology.
The Genesis Process/sup TM/: a new SOI wafer fabrication method (2002)

The Genesis Process includes a new cost-effective method to fabricate high-quality SOI wafers. The process comprises steps of implanting a donor wafer with hydrogen ions using plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII). The implantation generates an embrittled hydrogen-rich layer within the donor wafer. This donor wafer is then bonded to a handle substrate using a special plasma-activated bonding process. Unlike conventional high-temperature thermally-activated hydrogen splitting processes, the wafers are separated along and guided by the hydrogen embrittled layer through a room-temperature controlled cleave process (rT-CCP). This cleaving process transfers a single-crystal silicon layer from the donor wafer to the handle wafer. The rT-CCP process improves layer transfer quality over the conventional high-temperature thermal layer transfer method.
A Model of Titan-like Chemistry to Connect Experiments and Cassini Observations (2018)

Abstract A numerical model is presented for interpreting the chemical pathways that lead to the experimental mass spectra acquired in the Titan Haze Simulation (THS) laboratory experiments and for comparing the electron density and temperature of the THS plasma to observations made at Titan by the Cassini spacecraft. The THS plasma is a pulsed glow-discharge experiment designed to simulate the reaction of N 2 /CH 4 -dominated gas in Titan's upper atmosphere. The transient, one-dimensional model of THS chemistry tracks the evolution of more than 120 species in the direction of the plasma flow. As the minor species C 2 H 2 and C 2 H 4 are added to the N 2 /CH 4 -based mixture, the model correctly predicts the emergence of reaction products with up to five carbon atoms in relative abundances that agree well with measured mass spectra. Chemical growth in Titan's upper atmosphere transpires through ion–neutral and neutral–neutral chemistry, and the main reactions involving a series of known atmospheric species are retrieved from the calculation. The model indicates that the electron density and chemistry are steady during more than 99% of the 300 μ s long discharge pulse. The model also suggests that the THS ionization fraction and electron temperature are comparable to those measured in Titan's upper atmosphere. These findings reaffirm that the THS plasma is a controlled analog environment for studying the first and intermediate steps of chemistry in Titan's upper atmosphere.