gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Acyl-CoA: Cholesterol Acyltransferase Inhibitory Activities of Aliphatic Acid Amides from Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. (2007)

Acyl-CoA: cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) plays an important role in the esterification of cholesterol with its substrates, cholesterol and fatty acyl coenzyme A, to facilitate both intracellular storage and intercellular transport. ACAT-1 is more involved in macrophage foam cell formation and ACAT-2 plays a critical role in the cholesterol absorption process in intestinal enterocytes. Three aliphatic acid amides, beta-sanshool (1), gamma-sanshool (2), and hydroxy-beta-sanshool (3), were isolated by bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic extracts of Zanthoxylum piperitum DC. Compounds 1 and 2 inhibited human ACAT-1 and -2 activities with IC50 values of 39.0 and 79.7 microM for 1 and of 12.0 and 82.6 microM for 2, respectively. However, the hACAT-1 and -2 inhibitory activities of compound 3 having hydroxyl group were relatively less than those of compounds 1 and 2. A semi-synthetic compound 4, which has acetyl residue at 2'-OH of compound 3, exhibited the increased hACAT-1 and -2 inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 28.1 and 87.5 microM, respectively.
Excess hydrogen sulfide and polysulfides production underlies a schizophrenia pathophysiology (2019)

Mice with the C3H background show greater behavioral propensity for schizophrenia, including lower prepulse inhibition (PPI), than C57BL/6 (B6) mice. To characterize as-yet-unknown pathophysiologies of schizophrenia, we undertook proteomics analysis of the brain in these strains, and detected elevated levels of Mpst, a hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub> S)/polysulfide-producing enzyme, and greater sulfide deposition in C3H than B6 mice. Mpst-deficient mice exhibited improved PPI with reduced storage sulfide levels, while Mpst-transgenic (Tg) mice showed deteriorated PPI, suggesting that "sulfide stress" may be linked to PPI impairment. Analysis of human samples demonstrated that the H<sub>2</sub> S/polysulfides production system is upregulated in schizophrenia. Mechanistically, the Mpst-Tg brain revealed dampened energy metabolism, while maternal immune activation model mice showed upregulation of genes for H<sub>2</sub> S/polysulfides production along with typical antioxidative genes, partly via epigenetic modifications. These results suggest that inflammatory/oxidative insults in early brain development result in upregulated H<sub>2</sub> S/polysulfides production as an antioxidative response, which in turn cause deficits in bioenergetic processes. Collectively, this study presents a novel aspect of the neurodevelopmental theory for schizophrenia, unraveling a role of excess H<sub>2</sub> S/polysulfides production.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Safety and Tolerability of Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Cancer. (2019)

Antibody-drug conjugates are monoclonal antibodies attached to biologically active drugs through chemical linkers that deliver and release cytotoxic agents at the tumor site, reducing the likelihood of systemic exposure and therefore toxicity. Currently, there are about 110 ongoing studies implementing antibody-drug conjugates in the treatment of multiple human malignancies. Antibody-drug conjugates carry a feature of the specificity of a monoclonal antibody and the anti-neoplastic potential of a cytotoxin. The first antibody-drug conjugate was approved in 2001, and the field of antibody-drug conjugates has expanded since then with three more antibody-drug conjugates being added to the market. The complex structure of the antibody-drug conjugate poses a challenge in designing a clinically adequate molecule. Antibody-drug conjugates are usually well tolerated with some predictable adverse reactions, as well as new medical issues, that need careful approach. This review provides an outline of the current status of the efficacy and safety of antibody-drug conjugates in malignant diseases.
Strong Thermochromic Hydrogel from Wood Derived Highly Mesoporous Cellulose Network and PNIPAM (2021)

Strong Thermochromic Hydrogel from Wood Derived Highly Mesoporous Cellulose Network and PNIPAM
Dose Delivery Characteristics of the AIR ® Pulmonary Delivery System Over a Range of Inspiratory Flow Rates (2005)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo dose delivery characteristics of the AIR pulmonary delivery system over a range of flow rates. A 5-mg placebo powder of engineered particles with low densities (<0.4 g/cc) and large geometric diameters (>5 microm) was delivered via a simple, capsule based, passive dry powder inhaler. The emitted dose, geometric and aerodynamic particle size distributions (aPSDs) were obtained over a range of flow rates (15-60 LPM). The in vitro results demonstrated improved powder dispersion with increasing flow rate through the inhaler. The in vivo dose delivery characteristics were obtained by gamma scintigraphy. Twelve healthy subjects performed the following three inhalation maneuvers: (i) a targeted peak inspiratory flow rate (PIFR) of 20 +/- 10 LPM, (ii) a deep comfortable inhalation, and (iii) a deep forced inhalation. PIFR and inhaled volume were obtained during the inhalation of the dose using a spirometer. In vivo dose delivery was characterized by high and reproducible emitted doses (mean = 87%; inter and intra-subject CV = 5%) and high lung deposition (mean = 51% of the total dose), with low inter and intra-subject CVs (18% and 13%, respectively) across a range of PIFRs (12-86 LPM). Lung deposition of the total dose was shown not to be dependent on PIFR by analysis of variance across the range of inspiratory flow rates (p = 0.29). This was due to the competing effects of smaller aPSDs, increased extrathoracic deposition and higher emitted doses with increasing PIFR. Fully characterizing the effect of inspiratory flow rate requires analysis of the therapeutic response, as well as in vitro dose delivery and lung deposition.
Synthesis of Medium-Sized Bicyclic Compounds by Intramolecular Cyclization of Cyclic β-Keto Radicals Generated from Cyclopropanols Using Manganese(III) Tris(2-pyridinecarboxylate) (1993)

Abstract Bicyclic cyclopropanols having olefinic side chain are oxidized with Mn(pic)3 to generate cyclic β-keto radicals with ring-expansion, which cyclize intramolecularly affording bicyclic radical intermediates. The cyclized radicals are trapped with various radical-trapping reagents such as electron-rich or -deficient olefins, tributyltin hydride and diphenyl diselenide to give the corresponding functionalized products.
Test of CP-invariance of the Higgs boson in vector-boson fusion production and in its decay into four leptons (2024)

A bstract A search for CP violation in the decay kinematics and vector-boson fusion production of the Higgs boson is performed in the H → ZZ * → 4 ℓ ( ℓ = e, μ ) decay channel. The results are based on proton-proton collision data produced at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector from 2015 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 . Matrix element-based optimal observables are used to constrain CP-odd couplings beyond the Standard Model in the framework of Standard Model effective field theory expressed in the Warsaw and Higgs bases. Differential fiducial cross-section measurements of the optimal observables are also performed, and a new fiducial cross-section measurement for vector-boson-fusion production is provided. All measurements are in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of a CP-even Higgs boson.
Cancellation of normal parasitic forces in coreless linear motors (2015)

An ideal coreless linear motor produces no forces in non-driving directions. However, in practice, the translator can be misaligned with the center of the stator due to manufacturing tolerances, which causes undesired normal parasitic forces. This misalignment on the other hand provides the ability to generate force in the normal direction. This paper proposes a novel commutation method which utilizes this ability to compensate for normal parasitic forces caused by the misalignment of the translator as well as other manufacturing tolerances. The proposed commutation algorithm is fully analytical and hence requires low computational power. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed commutation algorithm.
Electrically Scaled Hafnium Oxide Based Ge Devices (2016)

Hf x Zr 1-x O 2 (0≤x≤1) films with different Hf/(Hf+Zr) ratios were deposited on Al 2 O 3 passivated Ge by atomic layer deposition (ALD) combined with a cyclical deposition and annealing scheme (termed DADA) in which an annealing was performed after every 20 ALD cycles. A post microwave plasma treatment was conducted after the high-k deposition. Metal oxide semiconductor capacitors (MOSCAPs) using ALD TiN metal gates were fabricated to investigate the electrical properties of the ALD Hf x Zr 1-x O 2 thin films. The electrical measurements show significant electrical benefits compared to samples that were not deposited using method described above. The electrical results were corroborated by synchrotron X-ray diffraction measurement
Immunocytochemical detection of the growth‐associated protein B‐50 by newly characterized monoclonal antibodies in human brain and muscle (1992)

The growth-associated protein B-50 also termed GAP-43, F1, pp46, P-57 and neuromodulin is a nervous tissue-specific protein kinase C (PKC) substrate that is considered to play a major role in neurite formation, regeneration, and neuroplasticity. We describe the isolation of seven mouse monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) directed against B-50. The Mabs are produced against the bovine B-50, selected by ELISA for cross-reactivity with its human counterpart, and evaluated on Western blots in comparison with the well-characterized affinity-purified rabbit polyclonal antibodies to rat-B-50. The Western blots show that the Mabs NM1, NM4, and NM6 recognize specifically the B-50 of bovine, human, and rat brain extract and the purified PKC phosphorylated and unphosphorylated rat B-50 isoforms. The Mabs NM2 and NM3 cross-react with bovine B-50 immunoreactive c-kinase substrate (BICKS), a protein sharing a 17 amino acid sequence homology with B-50. Two Mabs are useful for the detection of B-50 immunoreactivity in formalin-fixed human and rat brain tissues. In human specimen of the hippocampus, a characteristic neuropil distribution of B-50 is detected by the Mabs. In human muscle, Mabs reveal B-50 in nerve bundles and in axons at motor end plates. Thus, these Mabs are useful in investigating the function and localization of the B-50 protein.
Introduction to the special issue on diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound in bone - Part I (2008)

The 13 papers and one item of correspondence in this special issue focus on diagnostic and therapeutic applications of ultrasound in bone. In Part I manuscripts discuss instrumentation, numerical modeling, applications, and guided waves.
Intracavity difference frequency generation (1994)

Experiments in which infrared input mixed with a neodymium laser intracavity field yielding difference frequency generation (DFG) in the mid infrared region were discussed. The different parameters in the experiment included KTP, bulk crystals and AGS. Results showed that DFG in KTP was limited to wavelengths between 2.5 and 2.95 μm. On the other hand, DFG in bulk crystals proved to be futile outside of the research laboratory due to drawbacks in this system. However, intracavity mixing using AGS seemed to have a more favorable outcome. Although there were minor disadvantages, DFG in AGS provided extremely high nonlinearity and broad propagation and phasematching windows.
Molecular Alignment Control in Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Cells by Combined Effects of Oblique Deposition and Electric Field Application in the Cooling Process (1988)

酸化イットリウムや酸化サマリウムなどの斜方蒸着膜上で強誘電性液晶 (FLC) は垂直配向するが, 光学応答は得られない.ただし, 常誘電異方性が負で, コレステリックやスメクチックA相を経てカイラル・スメクチック相に転移するFLCであれば, 冷却中に一定の電界を加えると液晶分子が平行配向に近づくと期待される.そこで, 斜方蒸着と電界印加冷却を組合せれば, 電極外部が垂直配向を保ち光学応答を示すセルができると考えた.実験では液晶にCS-1011を使い, 基板には酸化イットリウムを40°～80°蒸着した, 冷却中に最大強度20MV/mの直流電界または0.1Hz～1kHzの対称方形波電界を加えた.さらに, 顕微鏡観察と静電容量および自発分極の測定によって冷却中の配向変化や電界による配向効果を調べた.これらの結果, 電極上の液晶分子は最大で約50°傾斜し, スメクチック層が電極面に対して40°～50°まで傾いたことがわかった.また, セルの電気光学応答も得られた.
Cell‐Based Drug Delivery Devices Using Phagocytosis‐Resistant Backpacks (2011)

Macrophages are recruited at the diseased site in several pathological conditions. Here, we describe a novel method of utilizing their unique properties for targeted drug delivery. Cellular backpacks are designed that ride on macrophage surfaces without affecting cell functions or getting internalized. These backpacks can be used as multimodal therapeutic and diagnostic agents.
SYK, A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC TARGET FOR PTLD, DRIVES EPSTEIN BARR VIRUS (EBV)+ B CELL LYMPHOMA GROWTH AND SURVIVAL THROUGH ACTIVATION OF THE PI3K/AKT PATHWAY (2008)

Hatton, O; Lambert, S; Vaysberg, M; Sharman, J; Krams, S M.; Esquivel, C O.; Martinez, O M. Author Information
Increased speed and image quality in single‐shot fast spin echo imaging via variable refocusing flip angles (2015)

vrfSSFSE increases speed at 3T over conventional SSFSE via reduced SAR, and when combined with full-Fourier acquisition can improve image quality, although with some increased sensitivity to cardiac motion-related signal loss.
Preparation and Mechanism of Formation of Spherical Submicrometer Zinc Sulfide Powders (1990)

Spherical, submicrometer particles of zinc sulfide were homogeneously precipitated by thermal decomposition of thioacetamide in acidic aqueous solutions. The rate of sulfide ion generation, determined by various combinations of temperature, PH, and initial concentrations of zinc ions and of thioacetamide, as related to particle growth rate, had the paramount effect on the particle size distribution. Monosized, bimodal, or narrow size distribution powders were obtained under certain combinations of experimental variables. Particles were porous agglomerates of ∼13‐nm sphalerite crystallites. Particle growth proceeded through diffusion‐controlled aggregation of crystallites.
Synthesis of dense polymer monolayers through chain transfer to a surface. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Nanoimprint Mold for 2.5 Tbit/in.2Directed Self-Assembly Bit Patterned Media with Phase Servo Pattern (2012)

We demonstrate the mold fabrication and replication process for the production of 0.8 and 2.5 Tbit/in.2 directed self-assembly bit patterned media (DSA-BPM). These devices are fabricated with 33 and 17 nm dot pitch patterns using the microphase segregation structure of polystyrene–poly(dimethylsiloxane) as an etching mask template. The self-assembled dot arrays are simultaneously ordered on both the circular tracks for the data area and the arbitrary marks for the servo area by DSA using groove guides. We fabricated the Si mold with dot pillars of 19.3 nm height for the 2.5 Tbit/in.2 DSA-BPM from the poly(dimethylsiloxane) dot mask. We also demonstrated the nickel mold replication of the 0.8 Tbit/in.2 DSA-BPM by electroforming from the Si mold.
Colorectal cancer, Vitamin D and microbiota: A double-blind Phase II randomized trial (ColoViD) in colorectal cancer patients (2022)

VitD supplementation may contribute shaping the gut microbiota and the microbiota may partially mediate the effect of supplementation on 25(OH)D. The observed sex-specific differences highlight the necessity of including sex/gender as a variable in microbiome studies.
Ketones from Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative, Non-Symmetric Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Carboxylic Acid Esters (2019)

A new strategy for the synthesis of ketones is presented based upon the decarboxylative coupling of N-hydroxyphthalimide (NHP) esters with S-2-pyridyl thioesters. The reactions are selective for the cross-coupled product because NHP esters act as radical donors and the thioesters act as acyl donors. The reaction conditions are general and mild, with over 40 examples presented, including larger fragments and the 20-mer peptide Exendin(9-39) on solid support.
Supplementary Methods and Data from Intratumoral Genetic and Functional Heterogeneity in Pediatric Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figures S1-S7, Supplemental Tables S1-S7. Methods and Figures S1-S8; Tables S1-S7. SF1: Heterozygous TP53 deletion in the germline and tumor of patient 1 and expression timelines of DSE. SF2: Mutational signatures in pGBM samples. SF3: Deletions at immune-modulatory loci and their effect on gene expression. SF4: Dynamics of germlines SVs during tumor evolution. SF5: Copy number assays using TaqMan probes confirm the deletion at the ATRX locus. SF6: Genetic heterogeneity at the ATRX locus. SF7: Distribution of allelic frequencies and clonal sizes in pGBM samples. ST1: Calgary pediatric GBM cohort. ST2: Therapeutic approach taken for each pediatric GBM patient in the Calgary cohort. ST3: Toronto pediatric GBM cohort used for WGS with linked reads and bulk RNA-seq. ST4: Features of each sample analyzed by whole-genome sequencing with linked reads. ST5: Genes mutated in diagnostic pGBM samples in more than one patient. ST6: Genes mutated in follow-up resections in more than one patient. ST7: Results of the fits of the first incomplete moment and the negative binomial like distribution to the samples.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Data from <i>TET2</i> and <i>DNMT3A</i> Mutations Exert Divergent Effects on DNA Repair and Sensitivity of Leukemia Cells to PARP Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods and Results&lt;/p&gt;
Eavesdropping at the Speed of Light: Distributed Acoustic Sensing of Baleen Whales in the Arctic (2022)

In a post-industrial whaling world, flagship and charismatic baleen whale species are indicators of the health of our oceans. However, traditional monitoring methods provide spatially and temporally undersampled data to evaluate and mitigate the impacts of increasing climatic and anthropogenic pressures for conservation. Here we present the first case of wildlife monitoring using distributed acoustic sensing (DAS). By repurposing the globally-available infrastructure of sub-sea telecommunication fiber optic (FO) cables, DAS can (1) record vocalizing baleen whales along a 120 km FO cable with a sensing point every 4 m, from a protected fjord area out to the open ocean; (2) estimate the 3D position of a vocalizing whale for animal density estimation; and (3) exploit whale non-stereotyped vocalizations to provide fully-passive conventional seismic records for subsurface exploration. This first example’s success in the Arctic suggests DAS’s potential for real-time and low-cost monitoring of whales worldwide with unprecedented coverage and spatial resolution.
Targeting Adenosine with Adenosine Deaminase 2 to Inhibit Growth of Solid Tumors (2021)

Extracellular adenosine in tumors can suppress immune responses and promote tumor growth. Adenosine deaminase 2 (ADA2) converts adenosine into inosine. The role of ADA2 in cancer and whether it can target adenosine for cancer therapy has not been investigated. Here we show that increased ADA2 expression is associated with increased patient survival and enrichment of adaptive immune response pathways in several solid tumor types. Several ADA2 variants were created to improve catalytic efficiency, and PEGylation was used to prolong systemic exposure. In mice, PEGylated ADA2 (PEGADA2) inhibited tumor growth by targeting adenosine in an enzyme activity-dependent manner and thereby modulating immune responses. These findings introduce endogenous ADA2 expression as a prognostic factor and PEGADA2 as a novel immunotherapy for cancer. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies ADA2 as a prognostic factor associated with prolonged cancer patient survival and introduces the potential of enzymatic removal of adenosine with engineered ADA2 for cancer immunotherapy.
Influence of Co Addition on the Properties of Doped Tungsten (Part I) (1970)

In an attempt to improve the ductility of doped tungsten, effects of Co addition on some properties of powder and sintered bar have been studied.Simultaneous adding Co together with the common doping agents, Al2O3, SiO2 and K2O affected the average particle size of the reduced powder. Cc reduced the average particle size. Additions of 0.01-0.06 weight % of Co emphasized the restraining effect of Al2O3-doping on grain growth. Fractographs of sintered bars by means of a scanning electron microscope were characteristic and showed many small spherical pores and large tubelar pores. But fra-ctographs of sintered bars containing 0.3% Cc showed straight crystal boundaries and large spherical pores. The high concentration of these pores is attributed primarily to vaporization of doping additives or their products, and it is considered that these pores are closely related to the doping effect on the recrystallization of wires.
Investigation of supersonic-wave treatment effect on LiNi<sub>0.60</sub>Co<sub>0.22</sub>Mn<sub>0.18</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as a cathode material of Li ion battery (2012)

The electrochemical properties and crystal structure of LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2 treated by supersonic-waves in a Zn-containing solution were investigated by performing charge–discharge tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) and synchrotron powder XRD. Furthermore, the supersonic-wave bath solution was characterized by pH measurements. The electrochemical properties and crystal structure of LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2 treated with supersonic-waves in a Zn-containing C2H5OH solution did not change from pristine. On the other hand, Zn2+ was partially substituted in the LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2 treated with supersonic-waves in a Zn-containing aqueous solution. As a result of the ICP analysis of the supersonic-wave-treated samples and pH measurement of the supersonic-wave bath, the Li was dissolved in the supersonic-wave bath which contained H2O from the LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2. This suggests that Li defects are the initial points of Zn substitution by the supersonic-wave treatment.
DNA functional groups required for formation of open complexes between Escherichia coli RNA polymerase and the lambda PR promoter. Identification via base analog substitutions. (1987)

Synthetic 75-base pair promoters bearing base changes and/or base analog substitutions at selected positions were constructed. Using both abortive initiation and run-off transcription assays, the interaction of these altered promoters with Escherichia coli RNA polymerase was studied in order to determine the involvement of DNA functional groups in promoter recognition. Two adjacent thymines in the -35 region were identified whose 5-methyl groups play a crucial role. Additionally, the combined results from several substitution experiments showed that functional groups in the major groove of the strongly conserved T-A base pair at the -7 position are probable sites of direct interaction with RNA polymerase.
Probability of Detection applied to X-ray inspection using numerical simulations (2022)

In this work, we apply and adapt established Probability of Detection (POD) methods on inline inspection of aluminium cylinder heads using X-ray computed tomography. The CT simulation tool SimCT [4] is used to acquire virtual images of the specimens including artificial defects, which avoids the manufacturing of calibrated defects of known type (e.g., pore, inclusion, crack etc.), size and location. One of the exemplary defects is discussed as representative result together with the generated POD curves as well as its characteristics (i.e., the minimum detected defect, the maximum missed defect, POD(a90) =0.90 and a90/95).