gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polythiophenylene synthesis through multi‐electron transfer process (2003)

Abstract Superacidification of aromatic sulfoxides effects the electrophilic substitution reaction of the resulting hydroxysulfonium ions onto aromatic rings with the elimination of H 2 O at room temperature. The product, the alkyldiarylsulfonium ion, allows the synthesis of alkylsulfonio‐bridged (λ 4 ‐alkylsulfanyliumdiyl) aromatic polymers. High molecular‐weight poly(alkylsulfonioarylene) salts have been made accessible by the regioselective condensation of aryl sulfoxides. Polymers having a wide variety of structural dimensionalities such as linear, hyper‐branched and ladder‐type structures can be prepared by this method, which possess interesting properties such as good solubility in polar organic solvents and sometimes even in H 2 O, susceptibility to nucleophiles to provide thioarylene derivatives, photo‐degradability, and electric semiconductivity based on a 3d‐2p interaction in aryl sulfonium ion.
Incidence Analysis of Recurrent Milk Fever in Korean Domestic Dairy Cattle (2019)

Milk fever is a metabolic disease with manifestation of clinical signs due to hypocalcemia, which usually occurs within 48-72 h after delivery. However, even after a successful treatment of milk fever, recurrence of milk fever may occur, and studies on recurrent milk fever are still lacking. Accordingly, the present study was conducted for the purpose of identifying the characteristics of recurrent milk fever according to farm, season, parity, and dystocia that can cause physiological changes in the mother during peri-and postpartum periods. The analysis results showed that the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever according to breeding farm was 5.7%-14.1% and 3.1%-7.2%, respectively, demonstrating a positive correlation between the initial and recurrent milk fever (r = 0.613, p < 0.01). With respect to season, the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever during summer was 12.3% and 7.5%, respectively, which were significantly higher than that of other seasons (p < 0.05). In addition, the recurrence rate, the ratio of recurrence relative to initial milk fever, was highest during summer with 62.7%. Regarding parity, the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever in 3rd parity was 11.1% and 5.8%, respectively, which was significantly higher than in 1st and 2nd parity (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the recurrence rate in 4th parity was 64.1%, showing a pattern of increase in incidence rate with increase in parity. Finally, there were no differences in the incidence rate of initial and recurrent milk fever according to eutocia and dystocia. The findings indicated that the incidence rate of initial milk fever should be reduced to effectively prevent the recurrent milk fever, while animals with 3rd parity or higher should be expected to occur high rate of recurrent milk fever, especially during summer, and the necessary preparations should be made for intensive treatment of such individuals.
Low power penalty 80 to 10 Gbit/s OTDM demultiplexer using standing-wave enhanced electroabsorption modulator with reduced driving voltage (2003)

Low power penalty 80 to 10 Gbit/s demultiplexing using a novel standing-wave enhanced electroabsorption modulator is reported. In this new design, an electrical standing-wave pattern is formed deliberately along the travelling-wave electrodes, reducing the driving voltage required for high-speed demultiplexing.
Naloxone-Induced Non-Cardiogenic Pulmonary Edema: A Case Report (2018)

A 22-year-old man was admitted for an elective right-shoulder open subacromial decompression and distal clavicle excision. He received a single intravenous dose of fentanyl 50 μg for anesthesia. His procedure was completed without intra-operative complications; however, he developed post-operative respiratory depression in the setting of narcotic administration. He was given naloxone 0.2 mg intravenously once to reverse this effect, which subsequently led to acute hypoxic respiratory failure secondary to pulmonary edema shortly after administration of naloxone. His oxygen saturation was noted to be 50% on room air, he was tachypneic with a respiratory rate of 22, and his heart rate ranged from 89 to 104 beats per minute. His blood pressure remained within normal limits at 128/62. His chest X-ray was notable for patchy bilateral perihilar infiltrates and the patient was intubated postoperatively. An EKG revealed normal sinus rhythm, and cardiac enzymes were negative. He was diagnosed with naloxone-induced non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema supported by the temporal relationship of the causal drug and no other identifiable cause of his clinical picture. He received furosemide and underwent diuresis while intubated, with subsequent improvement in his oxygen requirements. His vitals remained stable and he was extubated 6 h later. A Naranjo assessment score of 6 was obtained, indicating a probable relationship between the patient’s symptoms and the suspect drug.
Infection of primary cultures of murine splenic and thymic cells with coxsackievirus B4 (2008)

Infection of primary cultures of total splenic and thymic cells from BALB/c and C3H/HeN mice with CVB4 E2 and JVB strains has been investigated. The presence of positive-strand viral RNA within cells was determined by semi-nested RT-PCR, and viral replication was attested by detection of intracellular negative-strand viral RNA and by release of infectious particles in culture supernatants. Viral replication occurred with both CVB4 strains to an extent dependent on the genetic background of the host. No interferon-alpha production was detected in the supernatants of CVB4-infected cultures using biological titration. Together these results suggest that infection of splenic and thymic cells can play a role in virus dissemination, and therefore in the pathophysiology of CVB4 infections.
Integration of costing, yield and performance metrics into the TCAD environment through the combination of DOE and RSM (2002)

This paper details a procedure that uses a Total TCAD framework for producing costing and yield response surfaces in addition to the normal performance related information. It uses CALPHURNIA to integrate the simulation and experimental design software into the same environment. In addition to the transfer of data between the two packages, CALPHURNIA also automates the fitting of response surfaces and the creation of response distribution information for the design of robust processes. CAESAR is used to manage the process, device and circuit simulators while RS/1 performs the experimental design role. The costing and yield information is held as formulas within RS/1 which, when combined with the process details, can produce response surfaces of cost information that can be used to help the process designer select the most appropriate operating region.
Evaluation of parallel reduction strategies for fusion of sensory information from a robot team (2015)

The advantage of using a team of robots to search or to map an area is that by navigating the robots to different parts of the area, searching or mapping can be completed more quickly. A crucial aspect of the problem is the combination, or fusion, of data from team members to generate an integrated model of the search/mapping area. In prior work we looked at the issue of removing mutual robots views from an integrated point cloud model built from laser and stereo sensors, leading to a cleaner and more accurate model. This paper addresses a further challenge: Even with mutual views removed, the stereo data from a team of robots can quickly swamp a WiFi connection. This paper proposes and evaluates a communication and fusion approach based on the parallel reduction operation, where data is combined in a series of steps of increasing subsets of the team. Eight different strategies for selecting the subsets are evaluated for bandwidth requirements using three robot missions, each carried out with teams of four Pioneer 3-AT robots. Our results indicate that selecting groups to combine based on similar pose but distant location yields the best results.
Construction by Contour Crafting using sulfur concrete with planetary applications (2016)

Purpose This paper aims to report on the experiments with the Contour Crafting Automated Construction process using sulfur concrete as the choice of construction material. Design/methodology/approach Several experiments have been performed at centimeter and meter scales. A finite element analysis simulation model for the behavior of sulfur concrete-based structures has been developed. Experimental results were compared with the results of simulation. Findings Sulfur concrete has numerous terrestrial applications and is potentially an ideal construction material for planetary construction. Originality/value Experimental samples of sulfur concrete were fabricated using a novel mixer/extrusion system. The mechanism was proven to be durable and stable after more than 500 h of work.
The Zip4 protein directly couples meiotic crossover formation to synaptonemal complex assembly (2021)

Summary Meiotic recombination is triggered by programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs), a subset of these being repaired as crossovers, promoted by eight evolutionarily conserved proteins, named ZMM. Crossover formation is functionally linked to synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly between homologous chromosomes, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that Ecm11, a SC central element protein, localizes on both DSB sites and sites that attach chromatin loops to the chromosome axis, which are the starting points of SC formation, in a way that strictly requires the ZMM protein Zip4. Furthermore, Zip4 directly interacts with Ecm11 and point mutants that specifically abolish this interaction lose Ecm11 binding to chromosomes and exhibit defective SC assembly. This can be partially rescued by artificially tethering interaction-defective Ecm11 to Zip4. Mechanistically, this direct connection ensuring SC assembly from CO sites could be a way for the meiotic cell to shut down further DSB formation once enough recombination sites have been selected for crossovers, thereby preventing excess crossovers. Finally, the mammalian ortholog of Zip4, TEX11, also interacts with the SC central element TEX12, suggesting a general mechanism.
High-throughput screening of monoclonal antibodies against plant cell wall glycans by hierarchical clustering of their carbohydrate microarray binding profiles (2007)

Antibody-producing hybridoma cell lines were created following immunisation with a crude extract of cell wall polymers from the plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In order to rapidly screen the specificities of individual monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), their binding to microarrays containing 50 cell wall glycans immobilized on nitrocellulose was assessed. Hierarchical clustering of microarray binding profiles from newly produced mAbs, together with the profiles for mAbs with previously defined specificities allowed the rapid assignments of mAb binding to antigen classes. mAb specificities were further investigated using subsequent immunochemical and biochemical analyses and two novel mAbs are described in detail. mAb LM13 binds to an arabinanase-sensitive pectic epitope and mAb LM14, binds to an epitope occurring on arabinogalactan-proteins. Both mAbs display novel patterns of recognition of cell walls in plant materials.
Regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by human chorionic gonadotropin, androgens, and anti-androgens in cultured testicular cells. (1983)

delta 5-3 beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase is a key enzyme for testicular androgen biosynthesis and a marker for the Leydig cells. The hormonal regulation of this enzyme was studied in cultured rat testicular cells. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) increased testosterone production in vitro while time course studies indicated a biphasic action of the gonadotropin on 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity. An initial stimulation (51%) of the enzyme was detected between 3 and 12 h of culture when medium testosterone was low. This is followed by an inhibition of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity on days 2 and 3 of culture when medium testosterone was elevated. Concomitant treatment with a synthetic androgen (R1881) inhibited 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and testosterone production in hCG-treated cultures while an anti-androgen (cyproterone acetate) increased 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and testosterone biosynthesis. Addition of 10(-5) M spironolactone, an inhibitor of 17 alpha-hydroxylase, blocked the hCG stimulation of testosterone production but increased medium progesterone. In the absence of the secreted androgen, hCG stimulated 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in a time- and dose-related manner. Furthermore, hCG stimulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity and progesterone accumulation in spironolactone-supplemented cultures was decreased by concomitant treatment with R1881 but was not affected by cyproterone acetate. The inhibitory effect of R1881 was blocked by the anti-androgen. In the absence of hCG, treatment with testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or R1881, but not promegestone, alone also inhibited 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity while the inhibitory effect of testosterone was blocked by cyproterone acetate. Thus, hCG stimulates 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in cultured testicular cells. The androgenic steroidogenic end products, in turn, inhibit this enzyme. The hormonal regulation of 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity may be important in the ultrashort loop autoregulation of androgen biosynthesis.
Amplification and overexpresssion of IKBKE activates NF-kB pathway in breast cancers. (2007)

5261 Since the successful use of kinase inhibitors in the clinical setting (e.g., Gleevec and Iressa), kinases have become an area of intense focus in the search for oncogene candidates. Based on our array CGH (Comparative Genomic Hybridization) and SAGE (Serial Analysis of Gene Expression) data on breast tumors, we selected 22 kinases that were both amplified and overexpressed in breast tumors as candidate oncogenic kinases. Quantitative PCR (QPCR) was performed to verify amplification and overexpression of these kinases in 30 breast tumors using genomic DNA and cDNAs, respectively. The result was further confirmed using additional samples from 13 breast tumors which had not been analyzed by array CGH. This lead us to find 9 kinases that were amplified to different degrees in breast tumors and had concomitant overexpression when compared to normal breast tissues. Among these putative oncogenes we focused on IKBKE, which encode IkB kinase epsilon (IKKe), a kinase involved in NF-kB and interferon activation. Array CGH analysis and QPCR demonstrated that IKBKE was gained or amplified in at 10 of 30 breast tumors, which is accompanied by overexpression in at least 8 tumors. It is also amplified/gained and overexpressed in three breast cancer cell lines (ZR75-1, UACC812, and MCF-7). QPCR also detected overexpression of IKKe in non-amplified tumors and cell lines, suggesting other mechanisms are involved in IKKe upregulation. We demonstrated that overexpression of IKKe lead to transformation of kidney embryonic cells, while downregulation of IKKe by RNAi inhibited growth of ZR75-1 and MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Thus, IKBKE represents a promising oncogene candidate that function through activation of NF-kB in breast cancers and a promising therapeutic target.
Flip-chip bonding alignment accuracy enhancement using self-aligned interconnection elements to realize low-temperature construction of ultrafine-pitch copper bump interconnections (2014)

In this paper, the integration accuracy of conventional flipchip bonding is effectively enhanced by means of automatically maintaining the alignment between the chip and substrate during the time that offsets may take place, i.e., bonding conditions applying period. The conventional bonding bump and pad elements have been appropriately modified to construct a concave-convex pair, i.e., self-aligned interconnection elements (SIEs). By this way, the post-bond offsets are determined by the SIEs, aiming at highly reproducible sub-micron range bonding precision. Moreover, because the post-bond offsets are guaranteed by the SIEs, ultrasonic assisted technique can be applied to make reliable bonds at acceptably low temperatures, while still maintaining the integration accuracy. Ultrafine-pitch (i.e. down to 10 μm) copper bump interconnections were realized using the proposed integration approach.
A convex programming approach to the multiobjective H/sup 2//H/sup /spl infin// problem (2002)

In this paper, Banach space duality theory for the multiobjective H/sup 2//H/sup /spl infin// problem developed recently by the authors, is used to develop algorithms to solve this problem by approximately reducing the dual and predual representations to finite variable convex optimizations. The Ellipsoid algorithm is then applied to these problems to obtain polynomial-time, nonheuristic programs which find "nearly" optimal control laws. These algorithms have been implemented numerically to compute an example.
Clustering identifies endotypes of traumatic brain injury in an intensive care cohort: a CENTER-TBI study (2022)

Six stable and clinically distinct TBI endotypes were identified by probabilistic unsupervised clustering. In addition to presenting neurology, a profile of biochemical derangement was found to be an important distinguishing feature that was both biologically plausible and associated with outcome. Our work motivates refining current TBI classifications with factors describing metabolic stress. Such data-driven clusters suggest TBI endotypes that merit investigation to identify bespoke treatment strategies to improve care. Trial registration The core study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02210221 , registered on August 06, 2014, with Resource Identification Portal (RRID: SCR_015582).
Gene Therapy for Rare Diseases: Summary of a National Institutes of Health Workshop, September 13, 2012 (2013)

Gene therapy has shown clinical efficacy for several rare diseases, using different approaches and vectors. The Gene Therapy for Rare Diseases workshop, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Biotechnology Activities and Office of Rare Diseases Research, brought together investigators from different disciplines to discuss the challenges and opportunities for advancing the field including means for enhancing data sharing for preclinical and clinical studies, development and utilization of available NIH resources, and interactions with the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
Supplementary Table S2 from Safety, Outcomes, and T-Cell Characteristics in Patients with Relapsed or Refractory MDS or CMML Treated with Atezolizumab in Combination with Guadecitabine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Grade 3 or Higher Toxicities or Toxicities Observed in 10% or More Patients – Excluding Those Defined as Unrelated or Unlikely Related to Protocol Treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
CT Radiomics–Based Preoperative Survival Prediction in Patients With Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2021)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often a lethal malignancy with limited preoperative predictors of long-term survival. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognostic utility of preoperative CT radiomics features in predicting postoperative survival of patients with PDAC. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</b> A total of 153 patients with surgically resected PDAC who underwent preoperative CT between 2011 and 2017 were retrospectively identified. Demographic, clinical, and survival information was collected from the medical records. Survival time after the surgical resection was used to stratify patients into a low-risk group (survival time > 3 years) and a high-risk group (survival time < 1 year). The 3D volume of the whole pancreatic tumor and background pancreas were manually segmented. A total of 478 radiomics features were extracted from tumors and 11 extra features were computed from pancreas boundaries. The 10 most relevant features were selected by feature reduction. Survival analysis was performed on the basis of clinical parameters both with and without the addition of the selected features. Survival status and time were estimated by a random survival forest algorithm. Concordance index (C-index) was used to evaluate performance of the survival prediction model. <b>RESULTS.</b> The mean age of patients with PDAC was 67 ± 11 (SD) years. The mean tumor size was 3.31 ± 2.55 cm. The 10 most relevant radiomics features showed 82.2% accuracy in the classification of high-risk versus low-risk groups. The C-index of survival prediction with clinical parameters alone was 0.6785. The addition of CT radiomics features improved the C-index to 0.7414. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> Addition of CT radiomics features to standard clinical factors improves survival prediction in patients with PDAC.
Efficient Photon Collection from a Nitrogen Vacancy Center in a Circular Bullseye Grating (2015)

Efficient collection of the broadband fluorescence from the diamond nitrogen vacancy (NV) center is essential for a range of applications in sensing, on-demand single photon generation, and quantum information processing. Here, we introduce a circular "bullseye" diamond grating which enables a collected photon rate of (2.7 ± 0.09) × 10(6) counts per second from a single NV with a spin coherence time of 1.7 ± 0.1 ms. Back-focal-plane studies indicate efficient redistribution of the NV photoluminescence into low-NA modes by the bullseye grating.
Inhomogeneous broadening of an emission line of a semiconductor laser (1987)

A phenomenological model is proposed for the recombination process in semiconductor lasers utilizing an electron transition from the conduction band to a shallow impurity level near the valence band. It is shown that the distribution function of electrons at this level may not be of quasiequilibrium nature, so that the emission line is inhomogeneously broadened.
Normal and shear interface stresses in lower-limb prosthetics (2003)

Instrumentation for measuring normal stresses and biaxial shear stresses at the residual-limb/prosthetic-socket interface during ambulation is presented. Three-directional force transducers were designed using strain-gage technology. With an amplifier gain of 4000, shear and normal sensitivities are 0.132 V/kPa and 0.0259 V/kPa, respectively. Nonlinearity, crosstalk, noise, and drift are reported to be within acceptable levels. Transducers were calibrated in the shear direction by static loading in the sensing surface plane. At a gain of 4000, the sensitivity was 0.132 V/kPa. Nonlinearity was less than the quantization error of the data acquisition system. Crosstalk between shear directions was measured to be less than 1% full-scale. Normal direction calibration with or without a 2.38-mm-thick silicone rubber sheet between a metal loading plate and the Pelite surface showed a sensitivity of 0.0259 V/kPa at a gain of 4000. Nonlinearity was less than 2% full-scale. The principal source of noise was from cable motion during ambulation. The estimated error introduction was 5%. Drift and electronic noise were minimal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>