gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safety and Efficacy of a Genetic Vaccine Targeting Telomerase Plus Chemotherapy for the Therapy of Canine B-Cell Lymphoma (2013)

Client-owned pet dogs represent exceptional translational models for advancement of cancer research because they reflect the complex heterogeneity observed in human cancer. We have recently shown that a genetic vaccine targeting dog telomerase reverse transcriptase (dTERT) and based on adenovirus DNA electro-gene-transfer (Ad/DNA-EGT) technology can induce strong cell-mediated immune responses against this tumor antigen and increase overall survival of dogs affected by B-cell lymphosarcoma (LSA) in comparison with historical controls when combined with a cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisone (COP) chemotherapy regimen. Here, we have conducted a double-arm clinical trial with an extended number of LSA patients, measured the antigen-specific immune response, and evaluated potential toxic effects of the immunotherapy along with a follow-up of patients survival for 3.5 years. The immune response was measured by enzyme-linked immunospot assay. The expression of dTERT was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Changes in hematological parameters, local/systemic toxicity or organic dysfunction and fever were monitored over time during the treatment. dTERT-specific cell-mediated immune responses were induced in almost all treated animals. No adverse effects were observed in any dog patient that underwent treatment. The overall survival time of vaccine/COP-treated dogs was significantly increased over the COP-only cohort (>76.1 vs. 29.3 weeks, respectively, p<0.0001). There was a significant association between dTERT expression levels in LSA cells and overall survival among vaccinated patients. In conclusion, Ad/DNA-EGT-based cancer vaccine against dTERT in combination with COP chemotherapy is safe and significantly prolongs the survival of LSA canine patients. These data confirm the therapeutic efficacy of dTERT vaccine and support the evaluation of this approach for other cancer types as well as the translation of this approach to human clinical trials.
Securing Information Technology in Healthcare (2013)

Dartmouth College's Institute for Security, Technology, and Society conducted three workshops on securing information technology in healthcare, attended by a diverse range of experts in the field. This article summarizes the three workshops.
Inferring user interests from tweet times (2013)

We propose and demonstrate the feasibility of a probabilistic framework for mining user interests from their tweet times alone, by exploiting the known timing of external events associated with these interests. This approach allows for making inferences on the interests of a large number of users for which text-based mining may become cumbersome, and also sidesteps the difficult problem of semantic/contextual analysis required for such text-based inferences. The statistic that we propose for gauging the user's interest level is the probability that he/she tweets more frequently at certain times when this topic is in the ``public eye'' than at other times. We report on promising experimental results using Twitter data on detecting whether or not a user is a fan of a given baseball team, leveraging the known timing of games played by the team. Since people often interact with others who share similar interests, we extend our probabilistic framework to use the interest level estimates for other users with whom a person interacts (by referring to them in his/her tweets). We demonstrate that it is possible to significantly improve the detection probability (for a given false alarm rate) by such information pooling on the social graph.
Probing Nanoparticle/Membrane Interactions by Combining Amphiphilic Diblock Copolymer Assembly and Plasmonics (2020)

Understanding the interactions between nanoparticles (NPs) and boundaries of cells is crucial both for their toxicity and therapeutic applications. Besides specific receptor-mediated endocytosis of surface-functionalized NPs, passive internalization is prompted by relatively unspecific parameters, such as particle size and charge. Based on theoretical treatments, adhesion to and bending of the cell membrane can induce NP wrapping. Experimentally, powerful tools are needed to selectively probe possible membrane-NP motifs at very dilute conditions and avoid dye labeling. In this work, we employ surface resonance-enhanced dynamic light scattering, surface plasmon resonance, electron microscopy, and simulations for sensing interactions between plasmonic AuNPs and polymersomes. We distinguish three different interaction scenarios at nanomolar concentrations by tuning the surface charge of AuNPs and rationalize these events by balancing vesicle bending and electrostatic/van der Waals AuNP and vesicle adhesion. The clarification of the physical conditions under which nanoparticles passively translocate across membranes can aid in the rational design of drugs that cannot exploit specific modes of cellular uptake and also elucidates physical properties that render nanoparticles in the environment particularly toxic.
Isolation and characterization of two cDNA clones encoding ATP‐sulfurylases from potato by complementation of a yeast mutant (1994)

Sulfur plays an important role in plants, being used for the biosynthesis of amino acids, sulfolipids and secondary metabolites. After uptake sulfate is activated and subsequently reduced to sulfide or serves as donor for sulfurylation reactions. The first step in the activation of sulfate in all cases studied so far is catalyzed by the enzyme ATP-sulfurylase (E.C. 2.7.7.4.) which catalyzes the formation of adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (APS). Two cDNA clones from potato encoding ATP-sulfurylases were identified following transformation of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant deficient in ATP-sulfurylase activity with a cDNA library from potato source leaf poly(A)+ RNA cloned in a yeast expression vector. Several transformants were able to grow on a medium with sulfate as the only sulfur source, this ability being strictly linked to the presence of two classes of cDNAs. The clones StMet3-1 and StMet3-2 were further analyzed. DNA analysis revealed an open reading frame encoding a protein with a molecular mass of 48 kDa in the case of StMet3-1 and 52 kDa for StMet3-2. The deduced polypeptides are 88% identical at the amino acid level. The clone StMet3-2 has a 48 amino acid N-terminal extension which shows common features of a chloroplast transit peptide. Sequence comparison of the ATP-sulfurylase Met3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae with the cDNA StMet3-1 (StMet3-2) reveals 31% (30%) identity at the amino acid level. Protein extracts from the yeast mutant transformed with the clone StMet3-1 displayed ATP-sulfurylase activity. RNA blot analysis demonstrated the expression of both genes in potato leaves, root and stem, but not in tubers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Influence of Visual Perspective on Body Size Estimation in Immersive Virtual Reality (2019)

The creation of realistic self-avatars that users identify with is important for many virtual reality applications. However, current approaches for creating biometrically plausible avatars that represent a particular individual require expertise and are time-consuming. We investigated the visual perception of an avatar’s body dimensions by asking males and females to estimate their own body weight and shape on a virtual body using a virtual reality avatar creation tool. In a method of adjustment task, the virtual body was presented in an HTC Vive head-mounted display either co-located with (first-person perspective) or facing (third-person perspective) the participants. Participants adjusted the body weight and dimensions of various body parts to match their own body shape and size. Both males and females underestimated their weight by 10-20% in the virtual body, but the estimates of the other body dimensions were relatively accurate and within a range of ± 6%. There was a stronger influence of visual perspective on the estimates for males, but this effect was dependent on the amount of control over the shape of the virtual body, indicating that the results might be caused by where in the body the weight changes expressed themselves. These results suggest that this avatar creation tool could be used to allow participants to make a relatively accurate self-avatar in terms of adjusting body part dimensions, but not weight, and that the influence of visual perspective and amount of control needed over the body shape are likely gender-specific.
Enhanced rotary mechanical splice for rectangular polarization-maintaining fibers (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. M. SEARS, C. M. MILLER, W. A. VICORY, and D. N. RIDGWAY, "Enhanced rotary mechanical splice for rectangular polarization-maintaining fibers," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optical Society of America, 1989), paper THJ1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Broad and potent neutralization of HIV-1 by human-llama fusion antibodies derived from immunized llamas (2012)

Results Newly isolated VHH from multiple immunized llamas also have broad and potent HIV-1 neutralization activity. J3 targets HIV-1 via the CD4-binding site and neutralization is seen when J3 is used in combination with VHH targeting other Env epitopes. VHH-human FC fusion heavychain only antibodies (VHH-FC) have been constructed and J3 activity is not only preserved in this context but enhanced.
Noise post-processing for low bit-rate CELP coders (2004)

A simultaneous multi-channel absolute position alignment system is investigated to determine the absolute position of a grating mark. By employing a multi-order grating interferometer and a multi-channel phase extraction method, many equivalent measurement results are generated simultaneously for stable and consistent measurement. By combining measurement results of different orders, low-order signals enabled large unambiguous measurement ranges, and high-order signals enhanced the measurement accuracy. Comparison experiments performed using an incremental HeNe reference interferometer yielded the standard deviations of smaller than 11.48nm under laboratory conditions. The proposed scheme will enable a new class of absolute position alignment system for industrial applications.
135. Optimization of Dual-gRNA Lentiviral Vectors for Targeted Genomic Deletions (2016)

CRISPR-Cas9 technology is a powerful tool for genome editing based therapeutic approaches. Despite its potential, the delivery of Cas9 components into primary cells, such as hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPC), is still a major challenge. In addition, several applications - e.g. the use of Cas9-nickase and the generation of genomic deletions/inversions - require the delivery and expression of two different gRNA. Lentiviral vectors (LV) can efficiently transduce HSPC, but the presence and the orientation of direct repeated elements in the gRNA expression cassettes can potentially trigger recombination events that affect vector stability. To address this issue, we designed different LV encoding for two gRNA pairs, which generate deletions of different size (3 and 13 kb) in the beta-globin gene cluster. gRNA expression was driven by murine and human U6 promoters, having little sequence similarity, to avoid potential recombination events of the LV genome. To further reduce LV rearrangements and optimize expression levels, gRNA cassettes were positioned in different orientations with respect to each other (LV Inward, Tandem and Outward). We compared LV from different vector batches in HCT116 cells and we observed that Tandem configuration resulted in higher viral titers and infectivity, although this difference was not statistically significant. Analysis of proviral integrity on genomic DNA of transduced cells showed the intact dual-gRNA cassette and no sign of recombination for all the LV configurations. To understand if different orientations could affect gRNA expression (measured by RT-qPCR) and consequently deletion/inversion efficiency, we co-transduced erythroleukemic K562 cells with LV-Cas9-Blast and the three different LV. Surprisingly, LV Inward showed poor gRNA expression, negligible deletion and inversion frequency and low efficiency of InDel formation at each gRNA target site (2.4 % and 6.8%). Conversely, LV Tandem and Outward configurations allowed efficient cell transduction and significant and comparable levels of gRNA expression. As a results, we observed a good deletion frequency (11.0% ±1.8 of total alleles for LV Tandem and 12.3 % ± 2.5 for LV Outward), a lower proportion of inversions events (5.4% ±1.3 for LV Tandem and 3.8 % ± 0.4 for LV Outward) and up to 58% of InDels events at each gRNA target sites. Comparable results were also obtained in adult HSPC-derived erythroid cell line (HUDEP-2). Overall, our study indicates LV Tandem and LV Outward as promising tools for genome editing of primary cells; both vectors are now being evaluated in primary HSPC.
Improved Electromagnetics Optimization: The covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (2015)

The covariance matrix adaptation evolutionary strategy (CMA-ES) is explored here as an improved alternative to well-established algorithms used in electromagnetic (EM) optimization. In the past, methods such as the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), and differential evolution (DE) have commonly been used for EM design. In this article, we examine and compare the performance of CMA-ES, PSO, and DE when applied to test functions and several challenging EM design problems. Of particular interest is demonstrating the ability of the relatively new CMA-ES to more quickly and more reliably find acceptable solutions compared with those of the more classical optimization strategies. In addition, it will be shown that due to its self-adaptive scheme, CMA-ES is a more user-friendly algorithm that requires less knowledge of the problem for preoptimization configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: A GENERAL ROUTE TO HOMOPHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVES ‐ VALUABLE PRECURSORS TO ISOQUINOLINONES, DIHYDRONAPHTHOLS AND ISOCOUMARINS (1978)

Abstract Das Allen (I) reagiert mit den Dienen (II) zu den Cycloaddukten (III) und (IV), die mit Schwefel in Decalin in die Homophthalsäureester (V) bzw. (VI) übergeführt werden.
Sonographic depiction of changes of tumor vascularity in response to various therapies. (2005)

Power Doppler sonography was accurate and reliable in measuring tumor vascularity changes in this model. These results were independently confirmed by a quantitative method relying on direct visualization of the microvasculature. Because it is rapid and non-invasive, sonographic quantification is beneficial in assessing the anti-angiogenic effects of various treatment strategies for cancer.
High‐Efficiency All‐Polymer Solar Cells Based on a Pair of Crystalline Low‐Bandgap Polymers (2014)

All-polymer solar cells based on a pair of crystalline low-bandgap polymers (NT and N2200) are demonstrated to achieve a high short-circuit current density of 11.5 mA cm-2 and a power conversion efficiency of up to 5.0% under the standard AM1.5G spectrum with one sun intensity. The high performance of these NT:N2200-based cells can be attributed to the low optical bandgaps of the polymers and the reasonably high and balanced electron and hole mobilities of the NT:N2200 blends due to the crystalline nature of the two polymers.
Calcium measurement method by fluorescent analyses using a glass micro injector (2004)

We propose a calcium measurement using a glass micro injector. A fluorescent dye is injected into a small area through the injector. Since a light fiber probe is placed closely at the injector tip, fluorescence depending on calcium concentration is locally detected through the probe. This method is minimally invasive for living preparations because a calcium indicator is injected only for a short time. Also this measurement avoids the photo-bleaching effect by injecting fresh dye. The relationship between calcium concentration and fluorescence was confirmed in experiment. The dose of dye is controlled by the current applied to the injector. We also obtained the relationship between the amount of the injected dye and the current. Calcium can be measured only in several micrometers when the current is limited up to 7.67 nA. Finally, a prototype device has been fabricated using MEMS technology. A photo-diode and an electrode of the injector were built together in this device.
Antimetabolic effects of plant lectins and plant and fungal enzymes on the nymphal stages of two important rice pests, Nilaparvata lugens and Nephotettix cinciteps (1993)

Abstract Insect feeding trials were carried out to determine the effects of incorporating a range of plant derived proteins into artificial diets fed to leafhopper and planthopper pests of rice. The lectins Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), and the enzyme soy bean lipoxygenase (LPO) were shown to exhibit significant antimetabolic effects towards first and third instar nymphs of rice brown planthopper ( Nilaparvata lugens Stål) when incorporated into artificial diet at 0.1% (w/v), 0.1% (w/v) and 0.08% (w/v) levels respectively. The lectin GNA was also shown to exhibit a significant antimetabolic effect towards third instar nymphs of the rice green leafhopper ( Nephotettix cinciteps Uhler). A number of inert proteins, lectins, protein inhibitors and enzymes also tested showed relatively little or no effect towards both insects.
Wavelet De-noising with Independent Component Analysis for Segmentation of Dolphin Whistles in a Noisy Underwater Environment (2006)

Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are the most widely studied species of dolphin and are known to produce a complex mixture of different types of sounds. They are believed to communicate through frequency-modulated pure tones (whistles), and produce broadband clicks or click trains for echolocation while investigating their environment. They also produce a large range of other types of sounds variously described as barks, grunts, groans, etc. To further our aim of 2-way acoustically mediated communication with dolphins to study dolphin cognition, we need to separate Bottlenose dolphin whistles from noisy underwater recordings, which not only consist of whistles, but also broadband echolocation clicks, water splashes and other sources of ambient noise. Independent Component Analysis (ICA) has been successfully used for the separation of independent sound sources in many applications. In this paper we will discuss the use of ICA to separate dolphin whistles from other underwater sound sources.
Laser processing and electrical analysis of embedded graphitic wires in diamond (2023)

Ultrafast laser writing enables fabrication of three-dimensional structures (sub-micron scale) inside the bulk of diamond. High intensities in the focal volume of the laser cause lattice breakdown; as a result, diamond is transformed into a graphitic phase. Laser written graphitic wires embedded in the single crystal diamond find an application for electrodes in diamond detectors. Laser processing of graphitic columns requires a combination of certain parameters, including power, repetition rate, translation speed. Here, we explore the effect of the laser pulse energy on the electrical resistance of laser written graphitic columns that pass through the thickness of a CVD single crystal slab. We introduce a scheme that allows straightforward electrical analysis of the columns in an all-carbon device, without additional processing of the diamond, that allows for rapid optimisation of the laser parameters.
L Particles Transmit Viral Proteins from Herpes Simplex Virus 1-Infected Mature Dendritic Cells to Uninfected Bystander Cells, Inducing CD83 Downmodulation (2015)

HSV-1 has evolved a number of strategies to evade the host's immune system. Among others, HSV-1 infection of mDCs results in an inhibited T cell activation caused by degradation of CD83. Interestingly, CD83 is lost not only from HSV-1-infected mDCs but also from uninfected bystander cells. The release of so-called L particles, which contain several viral proteins but lack capsid and DNA, during infection is a common phenomenon observed among several viruses, such as human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus, and HSV-1. However, the detailed function of these particles is poorly understood. Here, we provide for the first time evidence that functional viral proteins can be transferred to uninfected bystander mDCs via L particles, revealing important biological functions of these particles during lytic replication. Therefore, the transfer of viral proteins by L particles to modulate uninfected bystander cells may represent an additional strategy for viral immune escape.
Improvement of TDDB reliability in Cu damascene interconnect by using united hard-mask and Cap (UHC) structure (2004)

Reliably of Cu damascene interconnects (DDIs) using United Hard-mask and Cap (UHC) structure, which involves the same material for both Hard-mask and Cap layers is investigated. Line-to-line insulating reliabilities such as a leakage current, TZDB and TDDB are greatly improved by using the UHC structure even without any barrier metal layers, indicating that the interline leakage path is not in a bulk of the low-k dielectric but the interface between the Cap and the CMP-damaged Hard-mask. This new Cu dual damascene interconnect with UHC provides the interconnect reliability of future ULSIs with ultra-thin barrier metals toward a barrier-metal-free structure.
Topographical and Microstructural Effects of Laser Surface Texturing on Tin-Coated Copper Electrical Connectors Under Load Cycling (2017)

Increasing demands on modern connector materials for automotive applications, driven by the trends in miniaturization and electrification, require higher operating temperatures and lower contact normal loads. These lead to increased wear, begging the need for upgraded connector materials. In order to improve the electrical and wear behavior of an existing surface finish, the use of direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) on tin-plated copper contacts is explored. The focus of this paper lies on the evolution of the electrical resistance between textured contacts and a probe with an inert coating under normal loading. The microstructural and topographical changes due to DLIP as well as indentation during the contact resistance measurement are investigated by white light interferometry, scanning electron microscopy, and focused ion beam. The patterns change the primary deformation mechanism of the connector surface, which facilitates the fracture of electrically insulating oxide layers. This in turn leads to a decreased contact resistance in the considered load range, compared to the nontextured samples.
Cobalt—Phosphite‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Pauson—Khand Reaction. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Consensus-based distributed linear support vector machines (2010)

This paper develops algorithms to train linear support vector machines (SVMs) when training data are distributed across different nodes and their communication to a centralized node is prohibited due to, for example, communication overhead or privacy reasons. To accomplish this goal, the centralized linear SVM problem is cast as the solution of coupled decentralized convex optimization subproblems with consensus constraints on the parameters defining the classifier. Using the method of multipliers, distributed training algorithms are derived that do not exchange elements from the training set among nodes. The communications overhead of the novel approach is fixed and fully determined by the topology of the network instead of being determined by the size of the training sets as it is the case for existing incremental approaches. An online algorithm where data arrive sequentially to the nodes is also developed. Simulated tests illustrate the performance of the algorithms.