gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reproductive performance and offspring quality of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii broodstock from different regions. (2012)

2 Abstract: The present study was conducted to compare the reproductive performance and offspring quality of adults of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii broodstock from four different sites (1) Krishna revarine wild breeders (KW) were captured in the Krishna River, Prakasham Barrage andhra Pradesh; (2) Krishna revarine pond-reared breeders (KP) were collected from grow out ponds which had been stocked with postlarvae originating from wild breeders from Krishna revarine hatcheries; (3) Godavari revarine pond-reared breeders (GP); and (4) Penna revarine pond-reared breeders (PP) were grown out in culture ponds in Nellore district andhra Pradesh and collected as broodstock at the end of grow-out culture period. M. rosenbergii females were individually stocked for 120 days in three 1500 L freshwater recirculation system tanks and fed a commercial diet. Ovarian development, moulting and spawning events were checked daily. In addition a number of egg and larval quality parameters were determined. The breeding frequency, fecundity, egg laying success rate, egg dimensions and egg hatchability were not significantly different between animals from the four different sources. However, there were significant differences in terms of offspring quality between the different broodstock sources. Individual dry weight, larval development rate, time to reach the postlarval stage, postlarval survival and tolerance to ammonia toxicity were all better in offspring originating from Krishna revarine wild. Krishna revarine wild, Krishna revarine pond-reared, Godavari revarine pond-reared and Penna revarine pond-reared did not significantly differ in terms of breeding frequency, fecundity and egg dimensions. However, larval quality of Krishna revarine wild and Penna revarine pond-reared breeders was markedly better than that of Krishna revarine pond reared stock and Godavari revarine pond-reared stock in terms of larval development, survival and post larval production. These results indicate that broodstock sourcing deserves proper attention in hatchery operations of M. rosenbergii . It furthermore proves that domesticated (pond-reared) animals are not necessarily inferior as breeders as compared to wild-source d animals. The results may also point out the potential to selectively breed stocks with improved characteristics adapted to the local culture environment.
Tandem Ring-Closing Metathesis/Transfer Hydrogenation: Practical Chemoselective Hydrogenation of Alkenes (2014)

An operationally simple chemoselective transfer hydrogenation of alkenes using ruthenium metathesis catalysts is presented. Of great practicality, the transfer hydrogenation reagents can be added directly to a metathesis reaction and effect hydrogenation of the product alkene in a single pot at ambient temperature without the need to seal the vessel to prevent hydrogen gas escape. The reduction is applicable to a range of alkenes and can be performed in the presence of aryl halides and benzyl groups, a notable weakness of Pd-catalyzed hydrogenations. Scope and mechanistic considerations are presented.
Impact of microstructure on the effective diffusivity in random packings of hard spheres (2014)

We present results of computer simulations of the effective diffusion coefficient in bulk random packings of hard monosized spheres with solid volume fraction between 0.54 (random-loose packing) and 0.634 (maximally random jammed). Six types of sphere packings were generated with different protocols and parameters resulting in a systematically varied degree of microstructural heterogeneity. The packing morphology is qualitatively characterized by statistical analyses of Voronoi cells obtained from spatial tessellation of the packing space. Diffusive transport of point-like tracers in the pore space of the packings was simulated with a random-walking particle-tracking technique. Our results indicate that the effective transport characteristics of the random sphere packings are not fully defined from the solid volume fraction but also depend on the packing microstructure. For the first time, we compared (i) the values of the effective diffusion coefficient Deff simulated in packings with different morphologies, and (ii) the corresponding values of Deff obtained from an approximate analytical formula involving the three-point microstructural parameter ζ2. This analysis reveals that this approximation involving ζ2 clearly reflects key morphological specificity of individual sphere packings and provides a sufficiently accurate estimate of the effective diffusion coefficient.
PRMT1 methylates the single Argonaute of Toxoplasma gondii and is important for the recruitment of Tudor nuclease for target RNA cleavage by antisense guide RNA (2012)

Argonaute (Ago) plays a central role in RNA interference in metazoans, but its status in lower organisms remains ill-defined. We report on the Ago complex of the unicellular protozoan, Toxoplasma gondii (Tg), an obligatory pathogen of mammalian hosts. The PIWI-like domain of TgAgo lacked the canonical DDE/H catalytic triad, explaining its weak target RNA cleavage activity. However, TgAgo associated with a stronger RNA slicer, a Tudor staphylococcal nuclease (TSN), and with a protein Arg methyl transferase, PRMT1. Mutational analysis suggested that the N-terminal RGG-repeat domain of TgAgo was methylated by PRMT1, correlating with the recruitment of TSN. The slicer activity of TgAgo was Mg2+-dependent and required perfect complementarity between the guide RNA and the target. In contrast, the TSN activity was Ca2+-dependent and required an imperfectly paired guide RNA. Ago knockout parasites showed essentially normal growth, but in contrast, the PRMT1 knockouts grew abnormally. Chemical inhibition of Arg-methylation also had an anti-parasitic effect. These results suggest that the parasitic PRMT1 plays multiple roles, and its loss affects the recruitment of a more potent second slicer to the parasitic RNA silencing complex, the exact mechanism of which remains to be determined.
A high-efficiency SiGe BiCMOS WCDMA power amplifier with dynamic current biasing for improved average efficiency (2004)

This paper demonstrates a WCDMA single-stage power amplifier, fabricated in a 0.25 /spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process. With dynamic biasing of the collector current, the average power efficiency is improved by more than a factor of two compared to a typical class AB power amplifier. The power amplifier satisfies the 3GPP class-III WCDMA adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) specifications (ACPR_5M= -33 dBc and ACPR_10M = -58.8 dBc) with 23.9 dBm average channel output power. The measured output power at the 1 dB compression point is 25.9 dBm.
A Study of Measurement Technology for Ultra-Precision Freeform Surfaces (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
P4‐708: CLINICAL BIOMARKER EVIDENCE FOR TARGET ENGAGEMENT, REDUCTION OF SYNAPTIC DAMAGE AND DISEASE MODIFICATION IN ALZHEIMER'S PATIENTS TREATED WITH CT1812 (2019)

CT1812 is a novel, clinical stage, experimental Alzheimer's therapeutic that displaces Abeta oligomers from their receptors to protect and restore synapses. By binding to the sigma-2 receptor complex, CT1812 allosterically modulates the oligomer receptor complex, destabilizing its binding site and increasing the off-rate of oligomers from neurons. Displaced oligomers are measured in interstitial and cerebrospinal fluid. This displacement reduces the oligomer-induced toxic effects and results in normalized synapse function and improved cognitive deficits in transgenic mouse AD models. CT1812 demonstrated a favorable clinical safety profile in healthy volunteers. A 28 day, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was performed with once daily CT1812 (90, 280 or 560 mg) or placebo (N = 4 or 5 group) p.o.to AD patients (MMSE 18-26). Patients were followed for safety. Plasma and CSF protein, lipid and metabolite values were measured at baseline and 28 days via ELISA or tandem mass spectroscopy. CSF Abeta oligomer concentrations were increased at day 28 relative to baseline in CT1812-treated compared with placebo-treated patients. Concentrations of 30 CSF proteins and 91 plasma proteins and lipids known to be dysregulated in AD changed in a therapeutic direction in CT1812-treated vs. placebo-treated patients. Synaptic protein fragments neurogranin and synaptotagmin were decreased in CSF at day 28 relative to baseline in CT1812-treated compared to the placebo group. AEs were similar between placebo and CT1812 in the 90 and 280mg dose groups. Sporadic elevations in liver enzymes and lymphopenia were observed at 560mg. These clinical data support CT1812’s mechanism of action of displacing Abeta oligomers, and provide evidence of target engagement, reduction of synaptic damage, and disease-modification. Ongoing trials include PET assessment of synaptic density, measures of synapse damage markers, and cognitive assessments.
ChemInform Abstract: Photodecomposition of H2S in Aqueous Alkaline Media Catalyzed by RuO2‐loaded Alumina in the Presence of Cadmium Sulfide. (1986)

Abstract Through the coupling of excited CdS and the redox catalyst Al 2 O 3 /RuO2, a 5‐fold increase in H 2 evolution rate is obtained.
CMB-S4 Technology Book, First Edition (2017)

CMB-S4 is a proposed experiment to map the polarization of the Cosmic\nMicrowave Background (CMB) to nearly the cosmic variance limit for angular\nscales that are accessible from the ground. The science goals and capabilities\nof CMB-S4 in illuminating cosmic inflation, measuring the sum of neutrino\nmasses, searching for relativistic relics in the early universe, characterizing\ndark energy and dark matter, and mapping the matter distribution in the\nuniverse have been described in the CMB-S4 Science Book. This Technology Book\nis a companion volume to the Science Book. The ambitious science goals of\nCMB-S4, a "Stage-4" experiment, require a step forward in experimental\ncapability from the current Stage=II experiments. To guide this process, we\nsummarize the current state of CMB instrumentation technology, and identify R&amp;D\nefforts necessary to advance it for use in CMB-S4. The book focuses on\ntechnical challenges in four broad areas: Telescope Design; Receiver Optics;\nFocal-Plane Optical Coupling; and Focal-Plane Sensor and Readout.\n
Development of a nonlinear fiber-optic spectrometer for human lung tissue exploration (2012)

Several major lung pathologies are characterized by early modifications of the extracellular matrix (ECM) fibrillar collagen and elastin network. We report here the development of a nonlinear fiber-optic spectrometer, compatible with an endoscopic use, primarily intended for the recording of second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal of collagen and two-photon excited fluorescence (2PEF) of both collagen and elastin. Fiber dispersion is accurately compensated by the use of a specific grism-pair stretcher, allowing laser pulse temporal width around 70 fs and excitation wavelength tunability from 790 to 900 nm. This spectrometer was used to investigate the excitation wavelength dependence (from 800 to 870 nm) of SHG and 2PEF spectra originating from ex vivo human lung tissue samples. The results were compared with spectral responses of collagen gel and elastin powder reference samples and also with data obtained using standard nonlinear microspectroscopy. The excitation-wavelength-tunable nonlinear fiber-optic spectrometer presented in this study allows performing nonlinear spectroscopy of human lung tissue ECM through the elastin 2PEF and the collagen SHG signals. This work opens the way to tunable excitation nonlinear endomicroscopy based on both distal scanning of a single optical fiber and proximal scanning of a fiber-optic bundle.
Comparison of a Rat Primary Cell-Based Blood-Brain Barrier Model With Epithelial and Brain Endothelial Cell Lines: Gene Expression and Drug Transport (2018)

Cell culture-based blood-brain barrier (BBB) models are useful tools for screening of CNS drug candidates. Cell sources for BBB models include primary brain endothelial cells or immortalized brain endothelial cell lines. Despite their well-known differences, epithelial cell lines are also used as surrogate models for testing neuropharmaceuticals. The aim of the present study was to compare the expression of selected BBB related genes including tight junction proteins, solute carriers (SLC), ABC transporters, metabolic enzymes and to describe the paracellular properties of nine different culture models. To establish a primary BBB model rat brain capillary endothelial cells were co-cultured with rat pericytes and astrocytes (EPA). As other BBB and surrogate models four brain endothelial cells lines, rat GP8 and RBE4 cells, and human hCMEC/D3 cells with or without lithium treatment (D3 and D3L), and four epithelial cell lines, native human intestinal Caco-2 and high P-glycoprotein expressing vinblastine-selected VB-Caco-2 cells, native MDCK and MDR1 transfected MDCK canine kidney cells were used. To test transporter functionality, the permeability of 12 molecules, glucopyranose, valproate, baclofen, gabapentin, probenecid, salicylate, rosuvastatin, pravastatin, atorvastatin, tacrine, donepezil, was also measured in the EPA and epithelial models. Among the junctional protein genes, the expression level of occludin was high in all models except the GP8 and RBE4 cells, and each model expressed a unique claudin pattern. Major BBB efflux (P-glycoprotein or ABCB1) and influx transporters (GLUT-1, LAT-1) were present in all models at mRNA levels. The transcript of BCRP (ABCG2) was not expressed in MDCK, GP8 and RBE4 cells. The absence of gene expression of important BBB efflux and influx transporters BCRP, MRP6, -9, MCT6, -8, PHT2, OATPs in one or both types of epithelial models suggests that Caco-2 or MDCK models are not suitable to test drug candidates which are substrates of these transporters. Brain endothelial cell lines GP8, RBE4, D3 and D3L did not form a restrictive paracellular barrier necessary for screening small molecular weight pharmacons. Therefore, among the tested culture models, the primary cell-based EPA model is suitable for the functional analysis of the BBB.
ChemInform Abstract: Influence of Nd2O3 Doping on the Reaction Process and Sintering Behavior of BaCeO3 Ceramics. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dressmakers show enhanced stereoscopic vision (2017)

The ability to estimate the distance of objects from one's self and from each other is fundamental to a variety of behaviours from grasping objects to navigating. The main cue to distance, stereopsis, relies on the slight offsets between the images derived from our left and right eyes, also termed disparities. Here we ask whether the precision of stereopsis varies with professional experience with precise manual tasks. We measured stereo-acuities of dressmakers and non-dressmakers for both absolute and relative disparities. We used a stereoscope and a computerized test removing monocular cues. We also measured vergence noise and bias using the Nonius line technique. We demonstrate that dressmakers' stereoscopic acuities are better than those of non-dressmakers, for both absolute and relative disparities. In contrast, vergence noise and bias were comparable in the two groups. Two non-exclusive mechanisms may be at the source of the group difference we document: (i) self-selection or the fact that stereo-vision is functionally important to become a dressmaker, and (ii) plasticity, or the fact that training on demanding stereovision tasks improves stereo-acuity.
Machine Learning on Signal-to-Noise Ratios Improves Peptide Array Design in SAMDI Mass Spectrometry (2017)

Emerging peptide array technologies are able to profile molecular activities within cell lysates. However, the structural diversity of peptides leads to inherent differences in peptide signal-to-noise ratios (S/N). These complex effects can lead to potentially unrepresentative signal intensities and can bias subsequent analyses. Within mass spectrometry-based peptide technologies, the relation between a peptide's amino acid sequence and S/N remains largely nonquantitative. To address this challenge, we present a method to quantify and analyze mass spectrometry S/N of two peptide arrays, and we use this analysis to portray quality of data and to design future arrays for SAMDI mass spectrometry. Our study demonstrates that S/N varies significantly across peptides within peptide arrays, and variation in S/N is attributable to differences of single amino acids. We apply supervised machine learning to predict peptide S/N based on amino acid sequence, and identify specific physical properties of the amino acids that govern variation of this metric. We find low peptide-S/N concordance between arrays, demonstrating that different arrays require individual characterization and that global peptide-S/N relationships are difficult to identify. However, with proper peptide sampling, this study illustrates how machine learning can accurately predict the S/N of a peptide in an array, allowing for the efficient design of arrays through selection of high S/N peptides.
Gigantic hydrogen-induced expansion of ultra-thin V layers (2003)

The role of the dimensionality and strain state of metallic lattices on the phase behavior of dissolved hydrogen was explored. Metallic superlattices with well defined hydrogen absorption potential on the nm scale, were utilized as test systems. The solubility isotherms of hydrogen in Fe/V(001), MoV/V(001), and Nb/W(110) superlattices were measured by a resistometric method, and the hydrogen-induced changes of the structures were measured by in-situ X-ray diffraction. In the V based superlattices, the long-ranged ordered bulk V hydride phase β-V2H is absent, which is attributed to the finite-size of V lattice. The intrinsic strain-state of the hydrogen dissolving layers was found to have a strong effect on the interaction between metal and hydrogen as well as on the hydrogen-hydrogen (H-H) interaction. For low hydrogen content in the V layers, the compressive strain resulted in a strong enhancement of the H-H interaction, while a tensile strain appeared to diminish the H-H interaction. This is due to different site occupancy of hydrogen for different strain states, which depending on the relation between the symmetries of hydrogen induced global and local strain fields, gives rise to different elastic H-H interaction. Moderately strained V layers exhibited a strong attractive H-H interaction over a broad concentration range. In the concentration ranges where attractive H-H interaction was established, the hydrogen atoms appeared to be strongly correlated on a microscopic length scale. In the Nb based superlattices, the critical temperature for the α–α’ transition was found to be suppressed as a result of the clamping of the film plane by the film-substrate coupling. An exception from this could be noticed when the intrinsic compressive strain were reduced.
Virology under the Microscope—a Call for Rational Discourse (2023)

Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
Evaluation of Several Molybdenum and Ruthenium Catalysts for the Metathesis Homocoupling of 3‐Methyl‐1‐Butene (2017)

We synthesized Mo( NC 6 F 5 )( CHCM e 2 Ph)( TPPO )( PP hMe 2 )Cl ( TPPO = 2,3,5,6‐tetraphenylphenoxide), Mo( NC 6 F 5 )( CHCM e 2 Ph)( TTBTO )( PP hMe 2 )Cl ( TTBTO = 2,6‐di(3′,5′‐di‐ tert ‐butylphenyl)phenoxide), and Mo( NC 6 F 5 )( CHCM e 2 Ph)( TPPO )( PP hMe 2 )( CF 3 Pyr) ( CF 3 Pyr = 3,4‐bistrifluoromethylpyrrolide), in order to evaluate them as catalysts for the homocoupling of 3‐methyl‐1‐butene. They were compared with Mo( NC 6 F 5 )( CHCM e 2 Ph)( HMTO )( PP hMe 2 )Cl ( HMTO = 2,6‐dimesitylphenoxide), Mo( NC 6 F 5 )( CHCM e 2 Ph)( HIPTO )( PP hMe 2 )Cl ( HIPTO = 2,6‐di(2′,4′,6′‐triisopropylphenyl)phenoxide), and several other Mo and Ru catalysts. In the best cases turnover numbers ( TON s) of 400 – 700 were observed for the homocoupling of 3‐methyl‐1‐butene in a closed vessel (ethylene not removed).
Sonochemical synthesis, structural and magnetic properties of air-stable Fe/Co alloy nanoparticles (2003)

Nanoparticles of the Fe/Co alloy have been prepared by sonolysis of a Fe(CO)5 and Co(NO)(CO)3 mixture in diphenylmethane solution under argon. The as-prepared product is an amorphous material having 10 nm diameter particles. Upon annealing in argon at 600 °C for 5 h, an air-stable Fe/Co alloy is formed with an increased particle size to ∼40 nm. The Fe/Co alloy nanoparticles have been characterized by XRD, TEM, TGA, DSC, XPS, EPR, MES and magnetic susceptibility measurements. Materials obtained under appropriate conditions possess a very high saturation magnetization of about 150–238 emu g−1 and good, soft magnetic properties (Hc = 70 − 30 G). The nanocrystalline particles have a core-shell structure in which the iron–cobalt core is surrounded by a carbon surface layer. The stability of the nanocrystalline particle has been discussed, based on the core-shell structure.
Direct Determination of Transport Rates in Li-Ion Battery Electrodes (2009)

Abstract not Available.