gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High integrity carrier phase navigation for future LAAS using multiple civilian GPS signals (1999)

In near future, there will be two more civilian GPS signals, at 1227.60 MHz and 1176.45 MHz, in addition to the present one at 1575.42 MHz. Of many possible benefits from the three civilian signals, this paper focuses on how to achieve high integrity and continuity in local area differential navigation by using multiple combinations of the carrier wave frequencies of the signals. The carrier frequencies of the three civil signals can be used to form measurements with different wavelengths, both longer and shorter than their own, depending on the specific combination used. By using these combinations in cascade manner, first finding the integer of the signal with the longest wavelength then moving on to a shorter one, the L1 integer can be resolved without using redundant measurements. Since integrity and continuity of differential carrier phase navigation depends on the validity of the integer solution, an integer rounding criterion based on wavelength and measurement noise is developed to verify the solution. Analysis of the integer rounding criterion shows that multiple levels of integrity and continuity for differential carrier phase navigation are possible, depending on the measurement noise level. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to study the effect of receiver noise, multipath delay, ionosphere delay and change in distance between an user and a reference receiver.
Anti-trypanosomal activity of non-peptidic nitrile-based cysteine protease inhibitors (2017)

The cysteine protease cruzipain is considered to be a validated target for therapeutic intervention in the treatment of Chagas disease. Anti-trypanosomal activity against the CL Brener strain of T. cruzi was observed in the 0.1 μM to 1 μM range for three nitrile-based cysteine protease inhibitors based on two scaffolds known to be associated with cathepsin K inhibition. The two compounds showing the greatest potency against the trypanosome were characterized by EC50 values (0.12 μM and 0.25 μM) that were an order of magnitude lower than the corresponding Ki values measured against cruzain, a recombinant form of cruzipain, in an enzyme inhibition assay. This implies that the anti-trypanosomal activity of these two compounds may not be explained only by the inhibition of the cruzain enzyme, thereby triggering a putative polypharmacological profile towards cysteine proteases.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Parathyroid Hormone Effects on the Growth of Fetal Rat Metatarsal Bones Cultured in Serum-Free Medium (1995)

Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) has roles in bone growth, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) is suspected of having effects on bone, perhaps mediated by IGF-1. The purpose of this study was to determine the individual and combined effect of PTH and IGF-1 on fetal long bone metabolism. Three medial metatarsal bones were dissected from Sprague-Dawley rat fetuses harvested at the 19th day of gestation, then grown in serum-free MEM. IGF-1 (group II) or PTH (group PP) were added at the dose of 100 ng/ml for 8 days. In a third group (PI), bones were preincubated for 4 days with PTH followed by a 4-day incubation with IGF-1. Both hormones stimulated endochondral (longitudinal) growth, the highest effect was observed with IGF-1 (II: 3.11 +/- 0.06 vs. 2.16 +/- 0.08 mm in controls). The length elicited by the PI treatment ranged between those measured with IGF-1 (II) and PTH (PP) given alone (PI: 2.80 +/- 0.04 mm; PP: 2.57 +/- 0.06 mm). In addition, both hormones enhanced periosteal growth (endomembranous ossification), as measured by the width of bones (II: 0.39 +/- 0.02 mm; PP: 0.34 +/- 0.02 mm; PI: 0.38 +/- 0.02 vs. 0.29 +/- 0.01 mm in controls). On the other hand, IGF-1 but not PTH caused a significant increase in 35S incorporation (as an indicator of sulfated proteoglycan synthesis in cartilage (percent of incorporating activity; II: 0.18 +/- 0.04%; PI: 0.09 +/- 0.01 vs. 0.03 +/- 0.01% in controls). Nevertheless, both IGF-1 and PTH enhanced osteoblastic activity as shown by increased alkaline phosphatase activity in treated bones (II: 1.18 +/- 0.00 mumol/bone; PP: 0.50 +/- 0.00 vs. 0.28 +/- 0.00 mumol/bone). In conclusion, IGF-1 had the greatest effects on growth in bone length (endochondral osteogenesis) and bone width (intramembranous osteogenesis) and appeared to stimulate both chondrogenesis and osteogenesis. It also increased growth but appeared to have greater effects on osteogenesis than on chondrogenesis. Pretreatment with IGF-1 followed by PTH produced effects that were intermediate between the groups treated with IGF-1 and PTH alone.
The Experimental Compiling System (1980)

The Experimental Compiling System (ECS) described here represents a new compiler construction methodology that uses a compiler base which can be augmented to create a compiler for any one of a wide class of source languages. The resulting compiler permits the user to select code quality ranging from highly optimized to interpretive. The investigation is concentrating on easy expression and efficient implementation of language semantics; syntax analysis is ignored.
Influence of Nonplanarity and Extended Conjugation on Porphyrin Basicity (2002)

Thermodynamic basicities of several new nonplanar water soluble tetraaryltetracyclohexano- (Ar(4)TCHP) and tetraaryltetrabenzoporphyrins (Ar(4)TBP) have been measured and correlated with their structural parameters. While the degrees of nonplanarity in these porphyrins are similar, Ar(4)TCHPs exhibit significantly higher basicities than Ar(4)TBPs and than planar tetraarylporphyrins. Low basicities of distorted Ar(4)TBPs are believed to be due to extended pi-conjugation, which causes delocalization of the core electron density in these porphyrins and reduces negative charges at the protonation site.
Electrochemical and Ferromagnetic Couplings in 4,4‘,4‘ ‘-(1,3,5-Benzenetriyl)tris(phenoxyl) Radical Formation (2001)

4,4',4' '-(1,3,5-Benzenetriyl)tris(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol) was prepared by the cross-coupling of 1,3,5-tribromobenzene and [4-(trimethylsiloxy)phenyl]magnesium bromide. X-ray analysis of the single crystal showed a propeller-like structure with a mean dihedral angle of 39 degrees between the hydroxyphenyl and the core benzene. The phenoxyl mono-, di-, and triradicals were generated by the electrochemical oxidation of the trianion. A stepwise radical formation was revealed by a differential pulse voltammogram, electrolytic ESR spectroscopy, and a comproportionation reaction between the radicals, which was discussed as an effect of the pi-conjugated but non-Kekulé-type coupler. The quartet and triplet ground state for the tri- and diradical, respectively, were confirmed by a SQUID measurement.
Erectile Function Recovery after Radical Prostatectomy in Men with High Risk Features (2016)

High risk features should not be considered an indication for complete bilateral neurovascular bundle resection. Some degree of neurovascular bundle preservation can be done safely by high volume surgeons in the majority of these patients with an acceptable rate of positive surgical margins. Nearly half of high risk patients with functional erections preoperatively recover erectile function after radical prostatectomy.
Humulus japonicus attenuates LPS-and scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in mice (2022)

These findings revealed that HJ has a beneficial effect on cognitive impairment and neuroinflammation induced by systemic inflammation and on amnesia induced by scopolamine in mice.
Deep Learning Based Successive Interference Cancellation for the Non-Orthogonal Downlink (2022)

Non-orthogonal communications are expected to play a key role in future wireless systems. In downlink transmissions, the data symbols are broadcast from a base station to different users, which are superimposed with different power to facilitate high-integrity detection using successive interference cancellation (SIC). However, SIC requires accurate knowledge of both the channel model and channel state information (CSI), which may be difficult to acquire. We propose a deep learningaided SIC detector termed SICNet, which replaces the interference cancellation blocks of SIC by deep neural networks (DNNs). Explicitly, SICNet jointly trains its internal DNN-aided blocks for inferring the soft information representing the interfering symbols in a data-driven fashion, rather than using hard-decision decoders as in classical SIC. As a result, SICNet reliably detects the superimposed symbols in the downlink of non-orthogonal systems without requiring any prior knowledge of the channel model, while being less sensitive to CSI uncertainty than its model-based counterpart. SICNet is also robust to changes in the number of users and to their power allocation. Furthermore, SICNet learns to produce accurate soft outputs, which facilitates improved soft-input error correction decoding compared to model-based SIC. Finally, we propose an online training method for SICNet under block fading, which exploits the channel decoding for accurately recovering online data labels for retraining, hence, allowing it to smoothly track the fading envelope without requiring dedicated pilots. Our numerical results show that SICNet approaches the performance of classical SIC under perfect CSI, while outperforming it under realistic CSI uncertainty.
A Kalman Filter Based Approach to De-noise the Stereo Vision Based Pedestrian Position Estimation (2011)

This paper presents a methodology of using Kalman filter to minimize the error in stereo vision based distance measurement data (3D position of pedestrians). In stereo vision, little point mis-correspondence leads to a very bad estimate of depth during triangulation. There are robust correspondence algorithms but all of them suffer from algorithm complexity affecting the time performance. If simple correspondence algorithms are used that gave good real time performance, then the results suffer from erroneous depth measurement. In this paper, we have applied a predictive-corrective model using Kalman filter on the erroneous depth measurement. Being applied in time domain as compared to stereo image domain, the proposed approach has much less algorithm complexity and hence gives good real-time performance. The results also show that the proposed algorithm is able to significantly reduce the measurement noise without affecting the pedestrian tracking ability.
Superconducting energy gap inBi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+δstudied by photoemission spectroscopy (1995)

We report photoemission measurements on highly textured polycrystalline samples of ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{1.8}$${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.4}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{10+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ (Bi-2223, ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$=104 K). High-resolution data show a superconducting gap opening below ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$. The gap-spectrum line shape suggests an anisotropic gap structure in the Brillouin zone. The maximum gap in Bi-2223 is estimated to be 29 meV so that 2\ensuremath{\Delta}/${\mathit{kT}}_{\mathit{c}}$\ensuremath{\sim}6.5, somewhat larger than the reduced gap in ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}$${\mathrm{CaCu}}_{2}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ (Bi-2212). A spectral dip feature is observed at 72 meV in the superconducting state. The results are compared with angle-resolved experiments on Bi-2212 single crystals.
Hexabundles: imaging fiber arrays for low-light astronomical applications (2011)

We demonstrate a novel imaging fiber bundle ("hexabundle") that is suitable for low-light applications in astronomy. The most successful survey instruments at optical-infrared wavelengths use hundreds to thousands of multimode fibers fed to one or more spectrographs. Since most celestial sources are spatially extended on the celestial sphere, a hexabundle provides spectroscopic information at many distinct locations across the source. We discuss two varieties of hexabundles: (i) lightly fused, closely packed, circular cores; (ii) heavily fused non-circular cores with higher fill fractions. In both cases, we find the important result that the cladding can be reduced to ~2 μm over the short fuse length, well below the conventional ~10λ thickness employed more generally, with a consequent gain in fill factor. Over the coming decade, it is to be expected that fiber-based instruments will be upgraded with hexabundles in order to increase the spatial multiplex capability by two or more orders of magnitude.
Brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) in patients with transplant-naive relapsed/refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (2013)

Only limited data are available on the role of brentuximab vedotin (SGN-35) in transplant-naive relapsed or refractory patients with Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). We thus retrospectively analyzed 14 patients with primary refractory or relapsed HL who were treated with brentuximab vedotin as single agent in a named patient program, who had not received prior high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) and autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) due to refractory disease (n = 9), comorbidity (n = 4) and unknown reasons (n = 1). Brentuximab vedotin resulted in an overall response rate of 71% (10/14) with five complete responses (CRs). Five of those patients with refractory disease and four patients with relevant comorbidity responded. Consolidating ASCT (n = 4) or allogeneic SCT (n = 1) was performed in five patients. Median progression-free survival (PFS) was 9 months and the median overall survival (OS) was not reached. These data indicate the therapeutic efficacy of brentuximab vedotin in chemotherapy-refractory transplant-naive patients with HL.
Figure S4 from Paternally Expressed Gene 10 (PEG10) Promotes Growth, Invasion, and Survival of Bladder Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PEG10 promotes proliferation of bladder cancer cells when tRb protein is absent.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship of Aminobenzophenones. A Novel Class of p38 MAP Kinase Inhibitors with High Antiinflammatory Activity (2003)

We wish to report the synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a series of 4-aminobenzophenones, as a novel compound class with high antiinflammatory activity. Our initial lead, (4-[(2-aminophenyl)amino]phenyl)(phenyl)methanone (3), was systematically optimized and resulted in compounds that potently inhibited the release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1beta and TNF-alpha in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by LPS. One of the most potent compounds, among others, was (4-[(2-aminophenyl)amino]-2-chlorophenyl)(2-methylphenyl)methanone (45) with IC(50) values of 14 and 6 nM for the inhibition of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha, respectively. Furthermore, we found these types of compounds to be potent and selective p38 MAP kinase inhibitors, e.g. 45 had an IC(50) value of 10 nM. Molecular modeling was used to rationalize our SAR data and to propose a model for the interaction of compound 45 with the p38 MAP kinase. The model involved a favorable hydrogen bond between the carbonyl group of the benzophenone and the NH of Met-109, positioning ring A in the hydrophobic pocket I of the enzyme. Good antiinflammatory effects were demonstrated in two murine models of dermatitis after topical application (oxazolone and TPA model).
Kidney injury: the case of elderly patients (2011)

There is a high risk of acute kidney injury (AKI) in the elderly population. The demand for intensive care unit (ICU) admission from older patients is rising, and with it community and hospital acquired AKI are becoming more frequent. Several age-related changes render elderly patients prone to AKI development. The most frequent aetiologies for renal impairment in these patients are recent surgery, sepsis and dehydration. It is sometimes difficult to achieve an early diagnosis in the elderly ICU patient, and new biomarkers such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin may offer a new approach. AKI treatment in this age group may be even more complex than in the general population. There are data on differences in renal recovery and mortality between the young and the old with renal injury which indicate a higher risk in fragile elderly individuals. Furthermore, it is crucial to establish all possible measures for AKI prevention in the elderly critically ill patient, since once AKI is established, mortality increases significantly.
Associations Between Accelerometer-derived Daily Physical Activity Patterns And Frailty Among Older Adults At Elevated Risk For Falls (2020)

BACKGROUND: With aging, the degradation of free-living physical activity patterns may indicate phenotypic frailty. PURPOSE: To determine the baseline, cross-sectional association between accelerometer-derived physical activity patterns and frailty in participants of Study to Understand Fall Reduction and Vitamin D in You (STURDY) trial METHODS: Baseline wrist-worn accelerometer and frailty data were collected from 505 STURDY participants (mean age 77 (SD=5.5) years; 43% women). Accelerometer data collected over 24-hour, 7-day periods were used to derive continuous physical activity metrics, including mean activity minutes/day and activity fragmentation (reciprocal of the average length of activity bouts). Robust, pre-frail and frail statuses were identified using a modified version of the physical frailty phenotype defined as having 0, 1, or ≥2 (of 4) phenotypes, respectively: weight loss, exhaustion, slowness, and weakness. Using multiple logistic regression models, the interaction between age and each accelerometer metric was examined to estimate an odds ratio between frailty and pre-frailty/robustness. RESULTS: Robust (30%) and pre-frail participants (48%) had similar physical activity patterns, spending approximately 6.5 hours/day in activity with a 25% level of activity fragmentation, while frail participants (28%) appeared to accumulate less activity in a more fragmented manner (5.8 hours/day and 29% activity fragmentation). The odds of frailty (versus pre-frailty/robustness) was lower by a factor of 3% with each higher year of age by higher hour of activity (OR:0.97, 95% CI:0.94-0.99, age x activity interaction p=0.01). The interaction between age and fragmentation was not significant (p=0.39) but higher fragmentation was associated with a higher likelihood of frailty (OR:1.04, 95% CI:1.01-1.07, p=0.02). CONCLUSION: Our results show an inverse relationship between objectively-measured physical activity and frailty that becomes stronger with age among at-risk older adults. More daily activity breaks (activity fragmentation) was associated with higher frailty odds; an association that remained stable across age. Our findings warrant further investigation into whether longitudinal declines in objectively-measured physical activity patterns precede frailty onset.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Synthesis of Rigid 2‐Alkylthio‐2,2‐diaryl Substituted Acetic Acids. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Field Effect of a Chemically Assembled Fe3O4 Nanocrystal Film Single‐Electron Transistor (2017)

The gate voltage dependence of the source‐drain current of a chemically assembled Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystal film single‐electron transistor reflects the energy level splitting of the minority spin 3d band due to two‐electron Coulomb repulsion in each nanocrystal. Using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique, a Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystal self‐assembled film was deposited on a quartz substrate where a three‐terminal electrode made of Au was prefabricated. At 300 K in a magnetic field of 0.2 T, the source‐drain current peaked near the source‐drain bias voltage of 100 V at a gate voltage of +1 to +3 V. At a bias voltage of 100 V, a gate voltage of +1 V amplified the current 13 times more than at a gate voltage of 0 V. Upon increasing the gate voltage to +5 V, the amplification of the current declined to less than three times more than at 0 V. At the optimized gate voltage, by adjusting the empty upper band energy of each Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystal over the gate electrode to match the filled lower band energy outside of the gate electrode, the tunneling current can be greatly increased, because electron transport via the empty state of each nanocrystal over the gate electrode requires no extra energy cost.
46‐3: High Contrast Ratio Electrochromic Light Shutter Device for Optical See‐through Type Head Mounted Display (2017)

Transmittance adjustable new electrochromic device (ECD) for optical see‐through type head mounted display is reported to provide good visibility by reducing external light intensity in the bright environment. Significantly improved ambient contrast ratio of 7.4 times under 400 lux bright condition is observed by this ECD.
Nonuniform and multidimensional Shinnar‐Le Roux RF pulse design method (2011)

The Shinnar-Le Roux (SLR) radiofrequency (RF) pulse design algorithm is widely used for designing slice-selective RF pulses due to its intuitiveness, optimality, and speed. SLR is limited, however, in that it is only capable of designing one-dimensional pulses played along constant gradients. We present a nonuniform SLR RF pulse design framework that extends most of the capabilities of classical SLR to nonuniform gradient trajectories and multiple dimensions. Specifically, like classical SLR, the new method is a hard pulse approximation-based technique that uses filter design relationships to produce the lowest power RF pulse that satisfies target magnetization ripple levels. The new method is validated and compared with methods conventionally used for nonuniform and multidimensional large-tip-angle RF pulse design.
High-efficiency reflector-less dual-level silicon photonic grating coupler (2023)

We present the design and experimentally demonstrate a dual-level grating coupler with subdecibel efficiency for a 220 nm thick silicon photonics waveguide which was fabricated starting from a 340 nm silicon-on-insulator wafer. The proposed device consists of two grating levels designed with two different linear apodizations, with opposite chirping signs, and whose period is varied for each scattering unit. A coupling efficiency of −0.8 dB at 1550 nm is experimentally demonstrated, which represents the highest efficiency ever reported in the telecommunications C-band in a single-layer silicon grating structure without the use of any backreflector or index-matching material between the fiber and the grating.
Further Insight into Carbohydrate Degradation and Dissolution Behavior during Kraft Cooking under Elevated Alkalinity without and in the Presence of Anthraquinone (2013)

The polysaccharide degradation and dissolution behavior during high liquor-to-wood ratio (200:1) kraft cooking of Scots pine wood meal was studied at high (1.55 M) and moderate (0.50 M) hydroxide ion concentrations at a constant sulfidity of 33%. Both alkalinity levels were studied in and without the presence of anthraquinone (AQ) (0.05, 0.15, and 0.25 g AQ/L). High alkalinity experiments without AQ at 130–160 °C clearly confirmed significant galactoglucomannan stabilization (in respect to lignin content) throughout initial and bulk delignification phases. Additionally, at high alkali compared to moderate alkali concentration, lower amounts of low molecular weight carboxylic acids originating from the degradation of carbohydrates were detected in spent black liquor. The presence of AQ provided significant hemicellulose stabilization against endwise degradation reactions, being more pronounced at moderate 0.50 M concentration than at 1.55 M hydroxyl ion concentration. In all cases, higher alkalinity promoted carbohydrate removal via dissolution, and the addition of AQ reduced the degradation of the dissolved carbohydrate fraction, thus further increasing the amount of dissolved polysaccharides found in black liquor.