gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: An Unexpected Aromatic SN2′ Substitution of a 4‐Bromobenzopyran. (1990)

Abstract The 4‐bromodihydrobenzopyran (I) reacts with the carboxamides (II) in the presence of a base to give the 5‐substituted dihydrobenzopyrans (III).
Server allocation with delayed state observation: Sufficient conditions for the optimality of an index policy (2009)

In this paper we study an optimal server allocation problem, where a single server is shared among multiple queues based on the queue backlog information. Due to the physical nature of the system this information is delayed, in that when the allocation decision is made, the server only has the backlog information from an earlier time. Queues have different arrival processes as well as different buffering/holding costs. The objective is to minimize the expected total discounted holding cost over a finite or infinite horizon. We introduce an index policy where the index of a queue is a function of the state of the queue. Our primary interest is to characterize conditions under which this index policy is optimal. We present a fairly general method bounding the reward of serving one queue instead of another. Using this result, sufficient conditions on the optimality of the index policy can be derived for a variety of arrival processes and packet holding costs. These conditions are in general in the form of sufficient separation among indices, and they characterize the part of the state space where the index policy is optimal. We provide examples and derive the indices and illustrate the region where the index policy is optimal.
Single-Channel Direct Detection Reception beyond 1 Tb/s (2019)

We demonstrate the world-first single-channel direct detection beyond 1-Tb/s with 1.26-Tb/s line rate and 1.02-Tb/s net rate after 100-km SSMF, via an 86-GHz Stokes vector receiver that recovers totally single-polarization-equivalent 252-Gbaud probabilistic-shaped 64-QAM signal.
Sample size requirements for one-year treatment effects using deep gray matter volume from 3T MRI in progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (2017)

DGM atrophy may prove efficient as a short-term outcome for proof-of-concept neurotherapeutic trials in PMS.
Measurement of azimuthal anisotropy of muons from charm and bottom hadrons in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2020)

Azimuthal anisotropies of muons from charm and bottom hadron decays are measured in Pb+Pb collisions at sNN=5.02TeV . The data were collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider in 2015 and 2018 with integrated luminosities of 0.5nb−1 and 1.4nb−1 , respectively. The kinematic selection for heavy-flavor muons requires transverse momentum 4
Air-Bridge Si Thermophotovoltaic Cell with High Photon Utilization (2022)

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) cells convert photons emitted from hot surfaces into electrical power. Unlike solar cells, TPV cells can be placed in close proximity to the heat source, allowing below-bandgap (i.e., out-of-band, OOB) photons to be reflected and reabsorbed by the emitter. As the reflectance of OOB photons approaches unity, the spectral efficiency of the TPV becomes increasingly insensitive to the bandgap of the cell and the source temperature. Here, we employ air-bridge structures with a lateral junction Si TPV cell as a means of increasing OOB reflectivity, which allows for efficient operation at low thermal source temperatures that were long inaccessible to efficient Si TPV power generation. The devices exhibit an OOB reflectance of 98.0 ± 0.1% and an air-bridge scalability to at least 6 cm × 6 cm. Compared to devices with a Au back surface reflector (BSR), devices featuring an air-bridge BSR exhibit a 25% relative increase in power conversion efficiency at a thermal source temperature of 1988 K. Such performance improvements in TPV cells made with scalable and relatively low-cost Si can potentially expedite the widespread use of TPV systems in both energy storage and generation systems.
Extraction Procedures and Analytical Methods for the Determination of Methylene Blue, Rhodamine B and Crystal Violet - An Overview (2020)

Background: Dyes have been a blessing to the mankind owing to its numerous applications in several industries ranging from the textile, food, pharmaceuticals, paper, leather and many more. Al the same time these dye poses a problem for mankind if they exceed their limit. This review is all about the determination and extraction of dyes in different matrices. Introduction: Methylene blue, rhodamine B and crystal violet are the three dyes discussed in this review article. All the three discussed dyes are cationic in nature and poses a threat to the human health if not detected and proper remediation step be taken if exceeding the limit. Methods: The review article mentioned different analytical methods and different extraction techniques involved in the determination of dyes. Results: Almost all the analytical methods reported involve proper extraction of the analyte which too finds a place in this review article. Spectrophotometric and electrochemical methods are cost effective method although the former is less sensitive than the later. LC method and LC MS method are capable of simultaneously determining a number of dyes Conclusion: This review article also offers a compilation of different mobile phase combinations that has been used for the quantitative analysis of these three dyes. The article also contains listing of different solvents for the liquid-liquid extraction and different types of the sorbent materials used during solid phase extraction of the reviewed dyes.
Effect of Water Vapor on Electrical Properties of Individual Reduced Graphene Oxide Sheets (2008)

The electrical conductivity and gas-sensing characteristics of individual sheets of partially reduced graphene oxide are studied, and the results display a strong dependence on the chosen reduction method. Three reduction procedures are considered here: thermal, chemical, and a combined chemical/thermal approach. Samples treated by chemical/thermal reduction display the highest conductivity whereas thermally reduced samples display the fastest gas-sensing response times. The chemo-resistive response to water vapor adsorption is well fit by a linear driving force model. The conductivity upon exposure to water vapor and measured as a function of the gated electric field displays significant hysteresis. These results illustrate how the chemical structure of graphene oxide may be tailored to optimize specific properties for applications such as field effect devices and gas sensors.
BMX inhibition and HSD3B1-driven resistance in prostate cancer in the Maverick trial. (2023)

144 Background: Kinase inhibitors have been ineffective in prostate cancer and have no known role in androgen biosynthesis. Inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) allele encodes a 3βHSD1 enzyme missense that up-regulates the rate-limiting step of androgen biosynthesis from non-gonadal precursor steroids and confers poor clinical outcomes in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). About half of all men with prostate cancer inherit the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 allele. Multiple clinical studies demonstrate that adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 allele inheritance confers more rapid progression on ADT and others also suggest worse CRPC outcomes even after treatment with abiraterone or enzalutamide. However, there is no known method to clinically block 3βHSD1. Furthermore, 3βHSD1 is not known to be phosphorylated. Methods: Mass spectrometry was used to identify protein phosphorylation sites and steroid metabolites, genetic and pharmacologic methods were used to identify the kinase required for 3βHSD1 phosphorylation and mouse xenograft studies were performed with BMX inhibition. The identified mechanism was used to design and launch a multicenter phase 2 study of the BMX inhibitor abivertinib in combination with abiraterone in men with metastatic CRPC. Results: 3βHSD1 enzyme activity requires tyrosine phosphorylation at Y344 by the BMX kinase. Androgen biosynthesis is blocked by a phosphorylation-defective 3βHSD1 344F, or BMX genetic knockdown, or BMX pharmacologic inhibition. BMX inhibition using zanubrutinib suppresses CRPC growth in the C4-2 and VCaP xenograft models by blocking intratumoral androgen synthesis and tumor androgen receptor (AR) signaling. Discovery of this mechanism provides the rationale for the phase 2 Maverick trial of abivertinib, a BMX inhibitor, combined with abiraterone, in men with CRPC with adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 allele inheritance (NCT05361915). Eligibility includes 1) presence of metastatic CRPC, 2) measurable and/or non-measurable disease, and 3) confirmed positivity of adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) allele inheritance via central testing (cap heterozygosity at 50%). Patients will be enrolled in 2 arms: 1) abiraterone naïve (n=45) and 2) abiraterone progressing (n=55). All patients will receive treatment with abivertinib 200mg twice daily with abiraterone 1000mg daily and prednisone 5mg by mouth twice daily. The primary outcome is 6-month radiographic progression-free survival. On-treatment biopsies will be used to inform mechanisms of response and resistance in patients. Conclusions: BMX is required for 3βHSD1 phosphorylation, androgen biosynthesis and CRPC progression with the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) allele. The Maverick trial will test clinical proof-of-concept of BMX inhibition in men with adrenal-permissive HSD3B1(1245C) inheritance. Clinical trial information: NCT05361915 .
Denitration of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Aqueous Solutions Using Small-Molecular-Weight Catalyst(s) Secreted by Pseudomonas aeruginosa ESA-5 (2009)

The denitration of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) can produce mono- or dinitro aromatic compounds susceptible to microbial mineralization. In the present study, denitration of TNT and other nitro aromatic compounds was investigated with a solid-phase extract obtained from the culture supernatant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ESA-5 grown on a chemically defined aerobic medium. When the C18 solid-phase extract containing extracellular catalysts (EC) was incubated with TNT and NAD(P)H, we observed a significant release of nitrite. The concentration of nitrite released in the reaction medium was strongly dependent on the concentration of NAD(P)H and EC. Denitration also occurred with two TNT-related molecules, 2,4,6-trinitrobenzaldehyde, and 2,4,6-trinitrobenzyl alcohol. The release of nitrite was coupled with the formation of two polar metabolites, and mass spectrometry analyses indicated that each of these compounds had lost two nitro groups from the trinitro aromatic parent molecule. During this process, the production of toxic reduced TNT metabolites was minimal. The incubation of EC with TNT, NAD(P)H, and specific scavengers of reactive oxygen species suggested the involvement of superoxide radicals (O2*-) and hydrogen peroxide in the denitration process. Results obtained in this study reveal for the first time that extracellular small-molecular-weight substance(s) of bacterial origin can serve as green catalyst(s) to initiate TNT denitration. In addition, this study gives clear evidence for the production of a TNT metabolite bearing a single nitro groupfollowing a denitration reaction with catalyst(s) of biotic origin.
Effect of D158A mutation in human pancreatic GLK on regulation by liver GKRP and fructose phosphates (2000)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 Effect of D158A mutation in human pancreatic GLK on regulation by liver GKRP and fructose phosphates K. J. Brocklehurst; K. J. Brocklehurst 1Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Discovery Dept., Astrazeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. L. Vertigan; H. L. Vertigan 1Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Discovery Dept., Astrazeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar I. K. Gurrell; I. K. Gurrell 1Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Discovery Dept., Astrazeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. A. Davies; R. A. Davies 1Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Discovery Dept., Astrazeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar I. D. Waddell I. D. Waddell 1Cardiovascular and Gastrointestinal Discovery Dept., Astrazeneca, Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TG Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd Online ISSN: 1470-8752 Print ISSN: 0300-5127 © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A192. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a192a Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation K. J. Brocklehurst, H. L. Vertigan, I. K. Gurrell, R. A. Davies, I. D. Waddell; Effect of D158A mutation in human pancreatic GLK on regulation by liver GKRP and fructose phosphates. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A192. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a192a Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Air-Heating Solar Collectors for Humidification-Dehumidification Desalination Systems (2011)

Relative to solar water heaters, solar air heaters have received relatively little investigation and have resulted in few commercial products. However, in the context of a humidification-dehumidification (HDH) desalination cycle, air heating accounts for advantages in cycle performance. Solar collectors can be over 40% of an air-heated HDH system’s cost; thus, design optimization is crucial. Best design practices and sensitivity to material properties for solar air heaters are investigated, and absorber solar absorptivity and glazing transmissivity are found to have the strongest effect on performance. Wind speed is also found to have an impact on performance. Additionally a well designed, and likely low cost, collector includes a double glazing and roughened absorber plates for superior heat transfer to the airstream. A collector in this configuration performs better than current collectors with an efficiency of 58% at a normalized gain of 0.06 K m2/W.
Follow-up of Coll2-1, Coll2-1 NO2 and myeloperoxidase in dog after transection of the cruciate ligament of the knee (2008)

peer reviewed
A factor which influences of after operation in esotropia. (2001)

今回我々は内斜視術後1年以上経過した術後眼位の安定性に影響する因子として手術時年齢、斜視のタイプ、手術方法、融像の成立に注目し検討をおこなった。手術は、両眼内直筋後転術もしくは片眼の外直筋切短+内直筋後転術(前後転術)を施行した。融像は、New 4灯 Test(N4D)視角10°を用いて判定した。術後眼位の安定性には、手術時年齢、斜視のタイプ、手術方法によって影響はなかった。しかし、最終経過観察時に、16Δ以上の外斜傾向を示した例では、前後転術を行っている例が多い傾向がみられた。眼位の良好な例では、融像能力も高く眼位の維持に影響していると考えられた。
Inverted Bilingual Topic Models for Lexicon Extraction from Non-parallel Data (2017)

Topic models have been successfully applied in lexicon extraction. However, most previous methods are limited to document-aligned data. In this paper, we try to address two challenges of applying topic models to lexicon extraction in non-parallel data: 1) hard to model the word relationship and 2) noisy seed dictionary. To solve these two challenges, we propose two new bilingual topic models to better capture the semantic information of each word while discriminating the multiple translations in a noisy seed dictionary. We extend the scope of topic models by inverting the roles of "word" and "document". In addition, to solve the problem of noise in seed dictionary, we incorporate the probability of translation selection in our models. Moreover, we also propose an effective measure to evaluate the similarity of words in different languages and select the optimal translation pairs. Experimental results using real world data demonstrate the utility and efficacy of the proposed models.
Hardware Trojan Detection Using Graph Neural Networks (2022)

The globalization of the Integrated Circuit (IC) supply chain has moved most of the design, fabrication, and testing process from a single trusted entity to various untrusted third party entities around the world. The risk of using untrusted third-Party Intellectual Property (3PIP) is the possibility for adversaries to insert malicious modifications known as Hardware Trojans (HTs). These HTs can compromise the integrity, deteriorate the performance, and deny the functionality of the intended design. Various HT detection methods have been proposed in the literature; however, many fall short due to their reliance on a golden reference circuit, a limited detection scope, the need for manual code review, or the inability to scale with large modern designs. We propose a novel golden reference-free HT detection method for both Register Transfer Level (RTL) and gate-level netlists by leveraging Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to learn the behavior of the circuit through a Data Flow Graph (DFG) representation of the hardware design. We evaluate our model on a custom dataset by expanding the Trusthub HT benchmarks trusthub1. The results demonstrate that our approach detects unknown HTs with 97% recall (true positive rate) very fast in 21.1ms for RTL and 84% recall in 13.42s for Gate-Level Netlist.
Tuning Molecular Inhibitors and Aluminum Precursors for the Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3 (2022)

Using both experiment and density functional theory (DFT), we study a group of small molecule inhibitors (SMIs) and aluminum precursors to determine how the interplay between the inhibitor and precursor can affect the selectivity of atomic layer deposition (ALD) on different materials. We compare several polyfunctional alkoxysilanes as the SMIs and trimethylaluminum and triethylaluminum as the ALD precursors. Spectroscopic ellipsometry shows a direct correlation between blocking performance and the number of hydrolysable alkoxy groups on the SMI. DFT results suggest that SMI polymerization at the surface may play an important role in producing a saturated passivation layer, while also indicating that defects in this layer develop primarily due to interactions with the co-reactant rather than with the aluminum ALD precursors. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger electron spectroscopy reveal that alkoxysilane SMIs can support the selective growth of up to 4 nm of Al2O3 on copper substrates when the optimal ALD precursor/SMI pair is selected: triethylaluminum as the ALD precursor, water as the co-reactant, and trimethoxypropylsilane as the inhibitor for SiO2 substrates. The blocking performance is much poorer with trimethylaluminum as the precursor, an effect further confirmed by in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. These differences suggest a strong effect of precursor ligand size in achieving AS-ALD with SMIs. In addition, we show that tuning both inhibitor and precursor functionality for the system of interest is required to optimize selective growth.
Superoxide (O2·‐) but not hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) signaling in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contributes to declining cardiac performance following myocardial infarction (MI) (2009)

Recently we reported that increased O2·‐scavenging in PVN using an adenovirus encoding O2·‐ dismutase (AdSOD) ameliorates MI‐induced decline in cardiac performance. However, because dismutation of O2·‐ with SOD also leads to H2O2 formation, the relative contribution of O2·‐ scavenging and H2O2 production were not known. Here, using genetic approaches to selectively scavenge either O2·‐ (AdSOD) or H2O2 (Ad‐Cat), we tested the hypothesis that interruption of O2·‐ signaling in PVN mediates the effects of AdSOD on cardiac function. C57 mice received bilateral PVN injections of titer matched AdLacZ or AdSOD alone or in combination with AdCat and underwent MI (LAD ligation) or sham surgery 3d post injections. Ejection fraction (EF) 2 wks post MI was decreased in MI mice (AdLacZ 25 ± 4% vs sham 60 ± 3%, n=5‐10, p&lt;.05) and AdCat did not improve EF (AdCat 27 ± 4%, n=5, p&lt;.05). However, AdSOD significantly improved EF in MI mice (47 ± 5%, n=5, p&lt;.05) which was unaltered with additional H2O2 scavenging (AdSOD+AdCat 45 ± 6%, n=5, p&gt;.05). O2·‐ levels measured by DHE were significantly higher in MI mice (AdLacZ 1.9±0.2 fold sham, n=6, p&lt;.05) which were normalized with AdSOD (0.9±0.1 fold sham, n=5, p&lt;0.05) but not by AdCat (1.8±0.2). These studies suggest that O2·‐ is the key oxidant species in PVN which contributes to declining cardiac function following MI, and that interruption of this signaling pathway ameliorates the post‐MI decline.
A reliable multicast webcast protocol for multimedia collaboration and caching (2000)

Large-scale, multi-point, multimedia conferencing applications designed to facilitate long-distance collaboration are enjoying growing popularity. Usually composed of real-time audio, video and shared-drawing applications, these collaborative environments help render the geographical location of collaborators irrelevant. To complement these existing collaborative applications, it would be useful to have the ability to distribute documents synchronously over the World Wide Web (WWW). One model for synchronized information dissemination within the Web is webcasting in which data are simultaneously distributed to multiple destinations. The WWW's traditional unicast client/server communication model suffers, however, when applied to webcasting; solutions which require many clients to simultaneously fetch data from the origin server using the client/server model will likely cause server and link overload.
A BioBrick compatible strategy for genetic modification of plants (2012)

Our work is intended to encourage future iGEM teams and other synthetic biologists to use plants as a genetic chassis. Our workflow simplifies the use of standardized parts in plant systems, allowing the construction and expression of heterologous genes in plants within the timeframe allotted for typical iGEM projects.
Role of Serum Biomarkers in Cancer Patients Receiving Cardiotoxic Cancer Therapies: A Position Statement from the Cardio-Oncology Study Group of the Heart Failure Association and the Cardio-Oncology Council of the European Society of Cardiology (2020)

Serum biomarkers are an important tool in the baseline risk assessment and diagnosis of cardiovascular disease in cancer patients receiving cardiotoxic cancer treatments. Increases in cardiac biomarkers including cardiac troponin and natriuretic peptides can be used to guide initiation of cardioprotective treatments for cancer patients during treatment and to monitor the response to cardioprotective treatments, and they also offer prognostic value. This position statement examines the role of cardiac biomarkers in the management of cancer patients. The Cardio-Oncology Study Group of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) in collaboration with the Cardio-Oncology Council of the ESC have evaluated the current evidence for the role of cardiovascular biomarkers in cancer patients before, during and after cardiotoxic cancer therapies. The characteristics of the main two biomarkers troponin and natriuretic peptides are discussed, the link to the mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity, and the evidence for their clinical use in surveillance during and after anthracycline chemotherapy, trastuzumab and HER2-targeted therapies, vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, proteasome inhibitors, immune checkpoint inhibitors, cyclophosphamide and radiotherapy. Novel surveillance clinical pathways integrating cardiac biomarkers for cancer patients receiving anthracycline chemotherapy or trastuzumab biomarkers are presented and future direction in cardio-oncology biomarker research is discussed.