gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Promote Neural Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells (2022)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been adopted in various preclinical and clinical studies because of their multipotency and low immunogenicity. However, numerous obstacles relating to safety issues remain. Therefore, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been recently employed. EVs are nano-sized endoplasmic reticulum particles generated and released in cells that have similar biological functions to their origin cells. EVs act as cargo for bioactive molecules such as proteins and genetic materials and facilitate tissue regeneration. EVs obtained from adipose-derived MSC (ADMSC) also have neuroprotective and neurogenesis effects. On the basis of the versatile effects of EVs, we aimed to enhance the neural differentiation ability of ADMSC-derived EVs by elucidating the neurogenic-differentiation process. ADMSC-derived EVs isolated from neurogenesis conditioned media (differentiated EVs, dEVs) increased neurogenic ability by altering innate microRNA expression and cytokine composition. Consequently, dEVs promoted neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells in vitro, suggesting that dEVs are a prospective candidate for EV-based neurological disorder regeneration therapy.
Motor impairment in Wilson's disease, I: slowness of voluntary limb movements (2009)

Twenty-three patients with Wilson's disease (WD) treated with D-penicillamine underwent clinical examination, as well as laboratory and motor testing. The clinical findings were scored. Laboratory tests included determination of the caeruloplasmin level, the free serum copper level, 24 h urinary copper excretion, liver enzymes and in 10 patients liver copper content of a liver biopsy. Laboratory tests and clinical scores were correlated. To quantify impairment of voluntary movements in WD fastest possible isometric index finger extensions and fastest alternating finger movements were analysed. Eleven patients presented with abnormally slow and 15 with abnormally irregular voluntary movements. Slowness of alternating movements correlated with the clinical score. The clinical score also correlated with the duration of symptoms prior to onset of therapy. Motor testing turned out to be sensitive enough to monitor improvement of neurological symptoms after onset of therapy. Comparison with motor testing in other basal ganglia diseases and cerebellar patients showed differences to patients with Parkinson's and Huntington's disease and similarities to patients suffering from AIDS-related dementia. In a small number of WD-patients similar results as in patients with a degenerative cerebellar disease were found.
A Generic Framework for Multiscale Simulation of High and Low Enthalpy Fractured Geothermal Reservoirs under Varying Thermodynamic Conditions (2023)

We develop a multiscale simulation strategy, namely, algebraic dynamic multilevel (ADM) method, for simulation of fluid flow and heat transfer in fractured geothermal reservoirs under varying thermodynamic conditions. Fractures with varying conductivities are modeled using the projection-based embedded discrete fracture model (pEDFM) in an explicit manner. The developed ADM method allows the fine-scale system to be mapped to a discrete domain with an adaptive grid resolution via the use of the restriction and prolongation operators. The developed framework is used (a) to investigate the impacts of formulations with different primary variables on the simulation results, and (b) to assess the performance of ADM in a high-enthalpy reservoir by comparing the simulation results against those obtained from fine-scale grids. Results show that the two formulations produce similar results in the case of single-phase flow, which indicates that the molar formulation is a favorable option that can be applied to varying thermodynamic conditions. Moreover, the ADM can provide accurate solutions with only a fraction of fine-scale grids, e.g., for the studied case, the maximum error is by average 1.3 with only 42% of active cells, thereby improving the computational efficiency. This is promising for applying the developed method to field-scale geothermal systems.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Autotaxin and LPA<sub>1</sub> and LPA<sub>5</sub> Receptors Exert Disparate Functions in Tumor Cells versus the Host Tissue Microenvironment in Melanoma Invasion and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1. Time course of ATX activity measured in the conditioned media (CM) of (A) MM1 rat hepatocarcinoma, (B) HUVEC, (C) RLMVEC, and (D) isolated murine mesothelial cells. Control represents media that were not exposed to cells. Data are expressed as mean {plus minus} SD of an experiment performed three times in triplicates.&lt;/p&gt;
Full-duplex amplify-and-forward relays with optimized transmission power under imperfect transceiver electronics (2017)

In-band full-duplex (FD) relays are useful for extending coverage areas and increasing overall throughput in wireless networks. The main technical difficulty hindering their implementation and use is their inherent self-interference (SI), generated due to simultaneous in-band reception and forwarding. Efficient SI mitigation is a practical necessity, and the imperfections in transceiver electronics, from which power amplifier (PA) non-linearity is one of the most serious phenomena, have to be taken into account in order to not limit the performance of such techniques. The magnitude of the distortion introduced by the PA depends on the relay input back-off (IBO) whose optimization for alleviating the effect of PA non-linearity is the main research objective in this paper. In particular, although plain signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination obviously increases when the IBO decreases, increased transmit power also strengthens the non-linear distortion leading to decreasing overall signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). We develop expressions for bounding the optimal IBO setting that maximizes the SINR at the destination, considering all relevant hardware impairments and SI cancellation with I/Q imbalance compensation. We provide closed-form solutions for the soft-limiter PA model and numerical results for more general PA models. Finally, the derived IBO bounds are compared with the numerical maximization of the SINR and the minimization of the bit-error rate (BER) to demonstrate that the theoretical bound settings provide good approximations to the optimal one.
Aβ and tau prions feature in the neuropathogenesis of Down syndrome (2022)

Down syndrome (DS) is caused by the triplication of chromosome 21 and is the most common chromosomal disorder in humans. Those individuals with DS who live beyond age 40 y develop a progressive dementia that is similar to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Both DS and AD brains exhibit numerous extracellular amyloid plaques composed of Aβ and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau. Since AD is a double-prion disorder, we asked if both Aβ and tau prions feature in DS. Frozen brains from people with DS, familial AD (fAD), sporadic AD (sAD), and age-matched controls were procured from brain biorepositories. We selectively precipitated Aβ and tau prions from DS brain homogenates and measured the number of prions using cellular bioassays. In brain extracts from 28 deceased donors with DS, ranging in age from 19 to 65 y, we found nearly all DS brains had readily measurable levels of Aβ and tau prions. In a cross-sectional analysis of DS donor age at death, we found that the levels of Aβ and tau prions increased with age. In contrast to DS brains, the levels of Aβ and tau prions in the brains of 37 fAD and sAD donors decreased as a function of age at death. Whether DS is an ideal model for assessing the efficacy of putative AD therapeutics remains to be determined.
Characterization of New Virulence Factors Involved in the Intracellular Growth and Survival of Burkholderia pseudomallei (2015)

Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis, has complex and poorly understood extracellular and intracellular lifestyles. We used transposon-directed insertion site sequencing (TraDIS) to retrospectively analyze a transposon library that had previously been screened through a BALB/c mouse model to identify genes important for growth and survival in vivo. This allowed us to identify the insertion sites and phenotypes of negatively selected mutants that were previously overlooked due to technical constraints. All 23 unique genes identified in the original screen were confirmed by TraDIS, and an additional 105 mutants with various degrees of attenuation in vivo were identified. Five of the newly identified genes were chosen for further characterization, and clean, unmarked bpsl2248, tex, rpiR, bpsl1728, and bpss1528 deletion mutants were constructed from the wild-type strain K96243. Each of these mutants was tested in vitro and in vivo to confirm their attenuated phenotypes and investigate the nature of the attenuation. Our results confirm that we have identified new genes important to in vivo virulence with roles in different stages of B. pseudomallei pathogenesis, including extracellular and intracellular survival. Of particular interest, deletion of the transcription accessory protein Tex was shown to be highly attenuating, and the tex mutant was capable of providing protective immunity against challenge with wild-type B. pseudomallei, suggesting that the genes identified in our TraDIS screen have the potential to be investigated as live vaccine candidates.
Compact Narrow-Linewidth 589 nm Laser Source (2009)

2 W of single-frequency output at 589 nm was demonstrated using second-harmonic generation of a highly-strained InGaAs quantum well optically-pumped semiconductor laser. The linewidth measurement was limited by the 5-MHz resolution of the equipment.
Highly Efficient Broadband Pyramidal Horn Antenna With Integrated H-Plane Power Division (2021)

The concept and development of a highly efficient pyramidal horn is described. The radiating element comprises a rectangular radiating aperture fed by two smaller flared square waveguide sections via a bifurcated H-plane surface discontinuity. For the simultaneous feeding of the two-port radiating element, the total antenna includes a compact H-plane power divider. Properly weighted TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{n0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> modes ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n\in N^{\ast }$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) are excited at the output of the two flared waveguide sections. The bifurcation is responsible for the recombination of the incoming fields. The low-dispersive modal coupling coefficients (or transmission coefficients of the bifurcation’s generalized scattering matrix) between the excitation and the aperture modes enable the broadband realization of the targeted aperture modal content. The common waveguide section is responsible for the phase alignment of the aperture modes. The design method targets a preoptimized model, which approximates the amplitude of the aperture modes TE <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{m0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m = 1, 3, 5, \ldots $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) in the order of 1/ <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$m$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and minimizes their relative phase difference. Finally, maximum aperture efficiency can be achieved by fine tuning and with low computational complexity. Design principles are given and illustrated by means of an example involving an antenna with aperture size of about <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2.8\lambda _{0} \times 1.4\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at the central frequency of operation). The antenna exhibits aperture efficiency levels above 95% over the entire Ku-Tx-band (10.7–12.75 GHz), as well as a compact profile ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4.1\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ). The measured results of a prototype manufactured through milling verify experimentally the numerically predicted performance.
Osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p inhibits osteoblastic bone formation (2016)

Emerging evidence indicates that osteoclasts direct osteoblastic bone formation. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a crucial role in regulating osteoclast and osteoblast function. However, whether miRNAs mediate osteoclast-directed osteoblastic bone formation is mostly unknown. Here, we show that increased osteoclastic miR-214-3p associates with both elevated serum exosomal miR-214-3p and reduced bone formation in elderly women with fractures and in ovariectomized (OVX) mice. Osteoclast-specific miR-214-3p knock-in mice have elevated serum exosomal miR-214-3p and reduced bone formation that is rescued by osteoclast-targeted antagomir-214-3p treatment. We further demonstrate that osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p is transferred to osteoblasts to inhibit osteoblast activity in vitro and reduce bone formation in vivo. Moreover, osteoclast-targeted miR-214-3p inhibition promotes bone formation in ageing OVX mice. Collectively, our results suggest that osteoclast-derived exosomal miR-214-3p transfers to osteoblasts to inhibit bone formation. Inhibition of miR-214-3p in osteoclasts may be a strategy for treating skeletal disorders involving a reduction in bone formation.
Estimation of the Coherence Function with the MVDR Approach (2006)

The minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR), originally developed by Capon for frequency-wavenumber analysis, is a very well established method in array processing. It is also used in spectral estimation. The aim of this paper is to show how the MVDR method can be used to estimate the magnitude squared coherence (MSC) function, which is very useful in so many applications but so few methods exist to estimate it. Simulations show that our algorithm gives much more reliable results than the one based on the popular Welch's method.
Evaluation of Nitrous Oxide Emitted from Diesel/Biodiesel Blends during Combustion in a Diesel Engine at Laboratory Scale by a Photoacoustic Spectroscopy Technique (2014)

The aim of this work was to evaluate the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O) using a diesel engine at laboratory scale without a catalytic converter with diesel/biodiesel blends (%) of 95:5 (B5), 90:10 (B10), 85:15 (B15), 80:20 (B20), 75:25 (B25), and 50:50 (B50). Measurements of N2O in the exhaust gas were made using an experimental setup based on photoacoustic spectroscopy using a quantum cascade laser that was validated to be selective and sensitive in the range from 1.7 to 2.72 ppmv. According to the experimental results, the lowest N2O concentration was found to be in the B5 diesel/biodiesel blend. Also, formaldehyde and methane compounds were detected qualitatively, indicating the possible presence of these chemicals in the combustion of diesel/biodiesel blends.
Effect of increasing age on cataract surgery outcomes in very elderly patients (2001)

The safety and effectiveness of cataract surgery are generally well established.1 About 90% of eyes achieve a visual acuity of 6/12 or better after cataract surgery.2 In eyes with no pre-existing comorbidity, more than 95% can be expected to achieve this outcome. Many other studies have documented substantial improvement not only in visual acuity but also in quality of life after cataract surgery.3–5

In the very elderly population (say, those aged over 85 years), however, these issues are not entirely clear. In the 1997-8 UK national cataract surgery survey, more than a third of participants aged 85 years and older did not achieve visual acuities of 6/12 or better after cataract surgery.5 These people were also two to three times more likely to have severe impairment in one eye (visual acuity of 6/60 or worse) than younger people. With greater life expectancies and increasing demand for improved quality of life, the number of very elderly people receiving cataract surgery has been projected to grow substantially in the coming years. Among people aged 85 and older in England and Wales, about 500 000 people are estimated to have cataracts with some degree of visual impairment, with 100 000 new cases of cataract every five years.6

Among these very elderly people, are some more likely to benefit than others? Conversely, which patients are at risk of developing adverse events? How does old age affect outcomes of cataract surgery? The answers to these questions are important not only to the elderly patient contemplating cataract surgery and the doctor deciding if cataract surgery is indicated, but also to the government, insurers, and other healthcare payers, as cataract surgery delivery is increasingly under pressure from cost containment …
Thin film stress control of absorber stack materials for EUVL reticles (2002)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the leading candidate for next generation lithography with the potential for extendibility beyond the 50-nm node. The three-layer absorber stack for EUVL reticles consists of an absorber, repair buffer and etch-stop layers, while a two-layer absorber stack eliminates the etch-stop layer. A portion of the mask pattern distortion can be assigned to the absorber stack's film stress. Ideally, the absorber stack films would have zero stress uniformly across the mask, which would produce zero pattern distortion when the films were removed during the pattern transfer processes. Maintaining adequate thin film stress control and uniformity relies on accurate thin film thickness measurements. The thin film deposition parameters can have a significant influence on the metrology technique's ability to measure the thin film's thickness. We have studied resistive and photonic metrology techniques for absorber stack thin film thickness measurement and stress control.
An important role for A20-binding inhibitor of nuclear factor-kB-1 (ABIN1) in inflammation-mediated endothelial dysfunction: an in vivo study in ABIN1 (D485N) mice (2015)

The ABIN(D485N) mice display endothelial dysfunction and cardiac hypertrophy, which is possibly mediated through IL-6 and, to a lesser degree, IL-1α. These results suggest that the ABIN1-mediated hyperactivation of IKKs and MAPKs might mediate chronic inflammation and CVD development.
Casein Kinase 2 Mediates HIV- and Opioid-Induced Pathologic Phosphorylation of TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 in the Basal Ganglia (2023)

HIV/HIV-1 Tat and morphine independently increase pathologic phosphorylation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 in the striatum. HIV- and opioid-induced pathologic phosphorylation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 may involve enhanced CK2 activity and protein levels.
Anaerobic Photocatalytic Oxidation of Carbohydrates in Aqueous Pt/TiO2 Suspensions with Simultaneous Production of Hydrogen (2010)

Abstract The photocatalytic degradation of a variety of carbohydrates in solution, including mono-, di-, and poly-saccharides, has been investigated under unaerated conditions with the use of a Pt/TiO2 catalyst and a solar light simulating source. It has been found that, even in the absence of oxygen, complete oxidation of carbohydrates toward CO
Mao's Road to Power (2023)

The series, Mao’s Road to Power, consisting of translations of Mao Zedong’s writings from 1912 to 1949, provides abundant documentation in his own words on his life and thought as well as on developments in China during the pre-1949 period. This penultimate volume in the series, Volume 9, covers the period from the Japanese Surrender through the Chinese Communist Party’s Strategic Defense during the Civil War, August 1945 to June 1947.
Redundant MEMS resonators for precise reference oscillators (2005)

The paper describes a new approach for the monolithic integration of precise, temperature-stable reference oscillators for wireless communications. SiGe integrated MEMS technology enables fabrication of an array of resonators, which is key to digital strategies for temperature compensation and trimming of the oscillator's absolute frequency.
Summary Abstract: Surface chemical reactions in the metal–organic chemical vapor deposition of aluminum films (1988)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation B. E. Bent, R. G. Nuzzo, L. H. Dubois; Summary Abstract: Surface chemical reactions in the metal–organic chemical vapor deposition of aluminum films. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A 1 May 1988; 6 (3): 1920–1922. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.575248 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
6‐31G* basis set for third‐row atoms (2001)

Abstract Medium basis sets based upon contractions of Gaussian primitives are developed for the third‐row elements Ga through Kr. The basis functions generalize the 6‐31G and 6‐31G* sets commonly used for atoms up to Ar. A reexamination of the 6‐31G* basis set for K and Ca developed earlier leads to the inclusion of 3d orbitals into the valence space for these atoms. Now the 6‐31G basis for the whole third‐row K through Kr has six primitive Gaussians for 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, and 3p orbitals, and a split‐valence pair of three and one primitives for valence orbitals, which are 4s, 4p, and 3d. The nature of the polarization functions for third‐row atoms is reexamined as well. The polarization functions for K, Ca, and Ga through Kr are single set of Cartesian d‐type primitives. The polarization functions for transition metals are defined to be a single 7f set of uncontracted primitives. Comparison with experimental data shows good agreement with bond lengths and angles for representative vapor‐phase metal complexes. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Comput Chem 22: 976–984, 2001
Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Pyrvinium Targets CD133 in Human Glioblastoma Brain Tumor–Initiating Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-6. Supplementary Figure 1: CD133 correlates patient outcome with GIC selfrenewal and proliferative capacities in human GBM; Supplementary Figure 2: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results for embryonic stem cell gene sets in CD133high- and CD133low-signature REMBRANDT samples; Supplementary Figure 3: CD133+ GICs are resistant to most compounds selected from CD133 connectivity mapping; Supplementary Figure 4: Pyrvinium specifically targets CD133+ GICs; Supplementary Figure 5: Overexpression of CD133; Supplementary Figure 6: Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) results of Pyrvinium or DMSO control treated GICs&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on Quassinoids: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Chaparrinone ( VIII), (‐)‐Glaucarubolone (X), (+)‐Glaucarubinone (XII). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.