gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Age-Related Alterations in Pituitary and Testicular Functions in Long-Lived Growth Hormone Receptor Gene-Disrupted Mice (2007)

The somatotropic axis, GH, and IGF-I interact with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in health and disease. GH-resistant GH receptor-disrupted knockout (GHRKO) male mice are fertile but exhibit delayed puberty and decreases in plasma FSH levels, testicular content of LH, and prolactin (PRL) receptors, whereas PRL levels are elevated. Because the lifespan of GHRKO mice is much greater than the lifespan of their normal siblings, it was of interest to compare age-related changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis in GHRKO and normal animals. Plasma IGF-I, insulin, PRL, LH, FSH, androstenedione and testosterone levels, and acute responses to GnRH and LH were measured in young (2-4 and 5-6 months of age) and old (18-19 and 23-26 months of age) male GHRKO mice and their normal siblings. Plasma IGF-I was not detectable in GHRKO mice. Plasma PRL levels increased with age in normal mice but declined in GHRKO males, and did not differ in old GHRKO and normal animals. Plasma LH responses to acute GnRH stimulation were attenuated in GHRKO mice but increased with age only in normal mice. Plasma FSH levels were decreased in GHRKO mice regardless of age. Plasma testosterone responses to LH stimulation were attenuated in old mice regardless of genotype, whereas plasma androstenedione responses were reduced with age only in GHRKO mice. Testicular IGF-I mRNA levels were normal in young and increased in old GHRKO mice, whereas testicular concentrations and total IGF-I levels were decreased in these animals. These findings indicate that GH resistance due to targeted disruption of the GH receptor gene in mice leads to suppression of testicular IGF-I levels, and modifies the effects of aging on plasma PRL levels and responses of the pituitary and testes to GnRH and LH stimulation. Plasma testosterone levels declined during aging in normal but not in GHRKO mice, and the age-related increase in the LH responses to exogenous GnRH was absent in GHRKO mice, perhaps reflecting a delay of aging in these remarkably long-lived animals.
Scale-Up Evaluation of a Composite Tumor Marker Assay for the Early Detection of Renal Cell Carcinoma (2020)

The early detection of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) using tumor markers remains an attractive prospect for the potential to downstage the disease. To validate the scale-up clinical performance of potential tumor markers for RCC (as a single marker and as a composite tumor marker composed of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), L-Plastin (LCP1), and non-metastatic cells 1 protein (NM23A)), the scale-up assay was performed. Patients with RCC from multiple domestic institutes were included in the clinical evaluation for reassessment and improvement of the established triple markers of our product. For the diagnostic performance of the composite markers, the best-split cutoff points of each marker (147 pg/mL for NNMT, 1780 pg/mL for LCP1, and 520 pg/mL for NM23A) were installed. Serum levels of NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A were greatly increased in subjects with RCC (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). In 1042 blind sample tests with control individuals (n = 500) and patients with RCC (n = 542), the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of the composite three-marker assay were 0.871 and 0.894, respectively, and the resulting AUC (Area under Curve) of ROC (Receiver Operating Characteristic) was 0.917. As a single marker, the diagnostic accuracies of NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A, as estimated by ROC, were 0.833, 0.844, and 0.601, respectively. The composite three-marker assay with NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A is a more improved novel serum marker assay for the early detection of RCC in cases of renal mass or unknown condition. The NNMT, LCP1, and NM23A triple marker assay could be a powerful diagnostic tumor marker assay to screen the early stage of RCC.
Structured targets for enhanced absorption and x-ray emission in femtosecond laser-produced plasmas (1990)

Laser-produced plasmas created by intense femtosecond laser pulses have been demonstrated to be subpicosecond soft-x-ray sources. 1 The use of terawatt femtosecond lasers will permit the generation of more intense x-ray sources; however, increased target reflectivity at high fluence will result in less efficient coupling of laser energy into the plasma. We demonstrate experimentally that structured targets can dramatically increase this coupling. Our targets were lithographically produced SiO diffraction gratings with a 150 nm depth and a 300 nm period. An incident laser pulse of 3 mJ in 150 fs at 620 nm was focused to 10 16 W/cm 2 on the target. For polarization perpendicular to the groove structure, an effective-index approximation shows that the laser light penetrates the grooves; a reflectivity of only 8% was observed experimentally. The x-ray yield for 30 eV to &gt;1 keV increased by &gt;11 times. This increased absorption is a result of the enhanced electric field in the voids between the grooves, resulting in an enhanced energy deposition, a hotter plasma, and a more intense x-ray emission.
<title>Micromirrors and micromirror arrays for scanning applications</title> (2000)

The main focus of this contribution will be the description of already realized applications of micromirrors and micromirror arrays and future opportunities. As an example image projection and environmental monitoring will be discussed. The micro scanning elements where fabricated by using monocrystalline silicon and are convenient for continuous scanning with working frequencies between several 100 Hz up to 100 kHz.
Pure Positive Allosteric Modulators (PAMs) of mGlu5 with Competitive MPEP-Site Interaction (2013)

A series of acetylenic biaryl mGlu5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) have been optimized as pure potentiators in low receptor expressing mGlu5 cell lines. ML254 was identified and shown to competitively interact with the MPEP allosteric binding site. Preliminary data from electrophysiological recordings in native tissues measuring long-term depression (LTD) of transmission at the hippocampal Schaffer collateral synapse (SC-CA1) further establish a pure potentiator mode of action for ML254. ML254 is highly selective for mGlu5 versus other mGlu receptors, has a clean ancillary Ricerca profile, and suitable dystrophia myotonica protein kinase (DMPK) properties for systemic dosing in rodents. Preliminary experiments at a single dose in an in vivo model of psychosis using ML254 demonstrates a robust reversal of amphetamine induced hyperlocomotion. ML254 will serve as a significant pure-PAM tool compound for the field with potential for studies within in vivo paradigms. Structure activity relationship (SAR) and characterization of ML254 are described.
Collagen XII Interacts with Avian Tenascin-X through Its NC3 Domain (2006)

Large oligomeric proteins often contain several binding sites for different molecules and can therefore induce formation of larger protein complexes. Collagen XII, a multidomain protein with a small collagenous region, interacts with fibrillar collagens through its C-terminal region. However, no interactions to other extracellular proteins have been identified involving the non-collagenous N-terminal NC3 domain. To further elucidate the components of protein complexes present close to collagen fibrils, different extracellular matrix proteins were tested for interaction in a solid phase assay. Binding to the NC3 domain of collagen XII was found for the avian homologue of tenascin-X that in humans is linked to Ehlers-Danlos disease. The binding was further characterized by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy and supported by immunohistochemical co-localization in chick and mouse tissue. On the ultrastructural level, detection of collagen XII and tenascin-X by immunogold labeling confirmed this finding.
A web based energy cloud platform for campus smart grid for understanding energy consumption profile and predicting future energy demand (2014)

This paper proposes a web based energy cloud platform framework for analyzing energy consumption behavior of campus environment, forecasting future energy demand and controlling some power hungry appliances when electricity demand overpasses generation. In addition to that, one of the key objectives of our work is to incorporate a rule based data filtering logic with this web based energy cloud platform; so that, data associated with energy consumption behavior analysis could be reduced. This work is mainly based on our previously developed ThingsGate platform, which facilitates IoT (Internet of Thing) management on wireless Access Point (AP) and its execution. This paper also provides some insightful discussion on some technical aspects of access networks which should be taken into consideration for ensuring Quality of Service (QoS) of smart grid traffic (e.g. control messages). Our discussion would be useful for successfully deployment of smart grid in a campus environment.
Electrode dependence of filament formation in HfO2 resistive-switching memory (2011)

This study investigates bipolar and nonpolar resistive-switching of HfO2 with various metal electrodes. Supported by convincing physical and electrical evidence, it is our contention that the composition of conducting filaments in HfO2 strongly depends upon the metal electrodes. Nonpolar resistive-switching with the Ni electrode is attributed to the migration of metal cations and the corresponding electrochemical metallization. Conversely, oxygen-deficient filaments induced by anion migration are responsible for bipolar resistive-switching. It was also found that the characteristic nature of the conducting filaments influences many aspects of switching characteristics, including the switching power, cycling variations, and retention at elevated temperatures.
Pulse characteristics of Q-switched fiber lasers (1987)

A theoretical investigation of the anticipated properties of optically end-pumped <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -switched fiber lasers is reported. This analysis stresses the effect of the transverse structure of the interacting pump and signal (guided) waves, in particular of the fiber <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</tex> number, on the device performance. In Nd : YAG single crystal fibers thresholds as low as a fraction of a milliwatt may be achieved; pulses with peak powers of hundreds of watts and subnanosecond widths may be generated under laser diode pumping conditions.
Dehydrogenation of Propane over Platinum Containing CIT-6 (2003)

The catalytic dehydrogenation of propane is carried out on platinum-impregnated CIT-6 catalysts. Prior to loading platinum, numerous postsynthesis treatments of the as-made CIT-6 are investigated, e.g., calcination, structure directing agent (SDA) extraction, ion exchange, etc., to observe the effects of catalyst preparation on the dehydrogenation of propane. The catalytic behavior depends strongly on the method of postsynthesis treatment. When the as-made CIT-6 is contacted with NH4NO3 to remove the SDA prior to platinum loading, an active, selective, and stable catalyst is obtained. 29Si NMR studies show that, after this postsynthesis treatment, some of the zinc remains within the CIT-6 framework. Contacting as-made CIT-6 with Zn(NO3)2 to remove the SDA prior to platinum loading gives a solid with a higher level of extraframework zinc. This additional amount of extraframework zinc does not lead to a more stable catalyst. When as-made CIT-6 is contacted with acetic acid at 60 °C, the SDA and also the zinc are extracted to give pure-silica CIT-6. Platinum loading into this material gives a catalyst that deactivates very rapidly. Thus, framework zinc appears to be essential for the creation of a stable platinum-impregnated CIT-6 catalyst for propane dehydrogenation.
StatCast Dashboard: Exploration of Spatiotemporal Baseball Data (2016)

Major League Baseball (MLB) has a long history of providing detailed, high-quality data, leading to a tremendous surge in sports analytics research in recent years. In 2015, MLB.com released the StatCast spatiotemporal data-tracking system, which has been used in approximately 2,500 games since its inception to capture player and ball locations as well as semantically meaningful game events. This article presents a visualization and analytics infrastructure to help query and facilitate the analysis of this new tracking data. The goal is to go beyond descriptive statistics of individual plays, allowing analysts to study diverse collections of games and game events. The proposed system enables the exploration of the data using a simple querying interface and a set of flexible interactive visualization tools.
AIDS Vaccines (1994)

Worldwide, the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has already infected 10 million to 15 million people. With an estimated 5000 to 10 000 new infections occurring each day, 30 million to 40 million people will be infected by the year 2000. 1 In developing countries, where more than 80% of new infections are occurring, the virus is predominantly transmitted heterosexually and is broadly dispersed in general populations. Vaccines that will prevent HIV-1 disease and abrogate virus transmission must be viewed as critical components of a comprehensive public health strategy designed to combat the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and slow the global spread of HIV-1 infection. See also p 475. Although most effective viral vaccines are based on either live attenuated (eg, measles) or inactivated (eg, influenza) virus products, research strategies for HIV-1 vaccine development have focused primarily on the viral envelope glycoproteins gp 120 and gp 160. This focus
Oxygenation behaviour of the porphine-porphinatoiron complex. (1985)

3,8,13,18-テトラメチル-2,12-ジエチルポルフィン-7,17-二酢酸から対面型ポルフィンーポルフィナト鉄[1]を合成した。この化合物はポルフィンキャップの効果により,[1]のイミダゾール錯体の中心鉄は 5 配位高スピン型となる。[1] は 0℃ 以下で酸素錯体を生成するが,その寿命は対応するボルフイナト鉄錯体に比較して長くなった。
110 Broadly neutralizing antibodies for serotherapy and vaccine design (2014)

Memory B lymphocytes and long-lived plasma cells represent a repository of the antigenic experience of an individual. By analyzing the specificity and function of these cells we can gain insights into the human immune response to pathogens and vaccines, identify correlates of protection, and isolate neutralizing antibodies and protective T cells. To interrogate human memory B cell and plasma cell repertoires we developed 2 culture-based high-throughput methods that are used to isolate, with high efficiency, human monoclonal antibodies of distinctive specificities. Unusually potent neutralizing antibodies against human cytomegalovirus were isolated from infected donors and used to identify the viral ligands and to design an experimental vaccine. We also isolated antibodies of exceptional breadth, such as a pan-influenza A neutralizing antibody and an antibody that neutralizes both respiratory syncytial virus and metapneumovirus. By targeting conserved structures, these broadly neutralizing antibodies are less prone to select escape mutants and are therefore promising candidates for prophylaxis and therapy of infections as well as tools for the design of improved subunit vaccines.
Epithelial Stress and Apoptosis Underlie Hermansky-Pudlak Syndrome–associated Interstitial Pneumonia (2010)

Extensively impaired surfactant trafficking and secretion underlie lysosomal and endoplasmic reticulum stress with apoptosis of AECII in HPSIP, thereby causing the development of HPSIP.
Photobiomodulation and Coenzyme Q10 Treatments Attenuate Cognitive Impairment Associated With Model of Transient Global Brain Ischemia in Artificially Aged Mice (2019)

Disturbances in mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics, combined with neuroinflammation, play cardinal roles in the cognitive impairment during aging that is further exacerbated by transient cerebral ischemia. Both near-infrared (NIR) photobiomodulation (PBM) and Coenzyme Q<sub>10</sub> (CoQ<sub>10</sub>) administration are known to stimulate mitochondrial electron transport that potentially may reverse the effects of cerebral ischemia in aged animals. We tested the hypothesis that the effects of PBM and CoQ<sub>10</sub>, separately or in combination, improve cognition in a mouse model of transient cerebral ischemia superimposed on a model of aging. We modeled aging by 6-week administration of D-galactose (500 mg/kg subcutaneous) to mice. We subsequently induced transient cerebral ischemia by bilateral occlusion of the common carotid artery (BCCAO). We treated the mice with PBM (810 nm transcranial laser) or CoQ<sub>10</sub> (500 mg/kg by gavage), or both, for 2 weeks after surgery. We assessed cognitive function by the Barnes and Lashley III mazes and the What-Where-Which (WWWhich) task. PBM or CoQ<sub>10</sub>, and both, improved spatial and episodic memory in the mice. Separately and together, the treatments lowered reactive oxygen species and raised ATP and general mitochondrial activity as well as biomarkers of mitochondrial biogenesis, including SIRT1, PGC-1α, NRF1, and TFAM. Neuroinflammatory responsiveness declined, as indicated by decreased iNOS, TNF-α, and IL-1β levels with the PBM and CoQ<sub>10</sub> treatments. Collectively, the findings of this preclinical study imply that the procognitive effects of NIR PBM and CoQ<sub>10</sub> treatments, separately or in combination, are beneficial in a model of transient global brain ischemia superimposed on a model of aging in mice.
The Synthesis and Evaluation of Quaternary Pyridinium Bisphosphonates as Potent Anti-Resorptives (1996)

Abstract Several novel quaternary pyridinium bisphosphonates have been synthesised and their efficacy as potential anti-resorptive bone agents have been tested in Dictyostelium discoideum. This assay has been shown to accurately reflect the potency of a bisphosphonic acid as an anti-resorptive compound. All the quaternary bisphosphonates are very potent growth inhibitors but results indicate that the more potent compounds are those containing hydrophobic, bulky groups.
Generating Pairing-friendly Parameters for the CM Construction of Genus 2 Curves over Prime Fields. (2010)

We present two contributions in this paper. First, we give a quantitative analysis of the scarcity of pairing-friendly genus 2 curves. This result is an improvement relative to prior work which estimated the density of pairing-friendly genus 2 curves heuristically. Second, we present a method for generating pairing-friendly parameters for which ρ ≈ 8, where ρ is a measure of efficiency in pairing-based cryptography. This method works by solving a system of equations given in terms of coefficients of the Frobenius element. The algorithm is easy to understand and implement.
Controlling Aggregation in Highly Emissive Pt(II) Complexes Bearing Tridentate Dianionic N∧N∧N Ligands. Synthesis, Photophysics, and Electroluminescence (2011)

Neutral Pt(II) complexes bearing tridentate dianionic 2,6-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-5-yl)pyridine and ancillary alkyl-substituted pyridine ligands have been synthesized and characterized. They show bright green emission, reaching 73% photoluminescence quantum yield in deareated chloroform solution, which can be assigned to a predominantly metal-perturbed ligand-centered phosphorescence. We have followed two strategies to preserve the spectral purity of the monomeric species by varying the substituents on the chromophoric or on the ancillary ligands. However, variations in the substitution patterns only modestly affected the radiative and radiationless deactivation rate constants of the monomers. Photophysical and electrochemical properties have been measured for all the complexes and correlated with calculations using time-dependent density functional theory. The electroluminescence spectra of the brightest, nonaggregating derivative showed a better color purity than that of iridium(III) tris(phenylpyridine), thus proving that aggregation was hindered in a running electroluminescent device.
Preparation of Slides and Coverslips for Microscopy (2008)

INTRODUCTIONIt is imperative that the slides and coverslips used in fluorescence microscopy procedures be extremely clean. Although coverslips look clean, especially when a new box is first opened, they may have a thin film of grease on them that will not allow tissue culture cells to adhere well and that may interfere with some processing steps in certain protocols. Therefore, coverslips should routinely be washed with acid or base solutions to rid them of this film. Commercial precleaned slides are also likely to be dirty and must be washed prior to use. This protocol describes various approaches for cleaning slides and coverslips and sterilizing them for cell culture, as well as methods for subbing slides. In the subbing procedure, slides are coated with gelatin, aminoalkylsilane, or poly-L-lysine solution to promote the adhesion of cells or tissues to the glass surface. Gelatin or aminoalkylsilane is usually used for tissue sections or small organisms, whereas poly-L-lysine is routinely used for cultured cells.
Efficient Computation of Small-Molecule Configurational Binding Entropy and Free Energy Changes by Ensemble Enumeration (2013)

Here we present a novel, end-point method using the dead-end-elimination and A* algorithms to efficiently and accurately calculate the change in free energy, enthalpy, and configurational entropy of binding for ligand-receptor association reactions. We apply the new approach to the binding of a series of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) protease inhibitors to examine the effect ensemble reranking has on relative accuracy as well as to evaluate the role of the absolute and relative ligand configurational entropy losses upon binding in affinity differences for structurally related inhibitors. Our results suggest that most thermodynamic parameters can be estimated using only a small fraction of the full configurational space, and we see significant improvement in relative accuracy when using an ensemble versus single-conformer approach to ligand ranking. We also find that using approximate metrics based on the single-conformation enthalpy differences between the global minimum energy configuration in the bound as well as unbound states also correlates well with experiment. Using a novel, additive entropy expansion based on conditional mutual information, we also analyze the source of ligand configurational entropy loss upon binding in terms of both uncoupled per degree of freedom losses as well as changes in coupling between inhibitor degrees of freedom. We estimate entropic free energy losses of approximately +24 kcal/mol, 12 kcal/mol of which stems from loss of translational and rotational entropy. Coupling effects contribute only a small fraction to the overall entropy change (1-2 kcal/mol) but suggest differences in how inhibitor dihedral angles couple to each other in the bound versus unbound states. The importance of accounting for flexibility in drug optimization and design is also discussed.