gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stem Cutoff Enhances Selection for Improved Iron Efficiency of Soybean1 (1986)

Five cycles of recurrent selection for iron (Fe) efficiency resulted in a soybean [ Glycine mar (L.) Merr.] population with a high percentage of segregates that showed little or no yellowing when grown on calcareous soil in the field. Further improvement for Fe efficiency in the population is not possible unless a method is available to enhance the expression of genetic variability. This study was conducted to evaluate stem cutoff as a method for enhancing the expression of genetic variability for Fe efficiency in a population with a high proportion of Fe‐efficient segregates. The parents of Cycles 0 through 5 and 100 S 0 ‐derived lines from the Cycle 5 population of AP9 were grown on calcareous soil. At stage V3, when the second trifoliolate leaf was fully developed, the entries were scored for chlorosis (1 = no yellowing to 5 = severe yellowing); then the main stem was cut off above the unifoliolate node. The new leaves produced were evaluated for chlorosis 2 weeks after treatment. Stem cutoff significantly increased the chlorosis of the parents and S 0 ‐derived lines by an average score of 1.4. The rate of genetic improvement from Cycle 0 to Cycle 5 was the same before and after treatment, with an average decrease in chlorosis score of −0.16 per cycle before treatment and −0.15 per cycle after treatment. Genetic variability among the 100 random lines was significantly increased by stem cutoff. The genotypic variance component estimate was 0.02 ± 0.01 before treatment and 0.10 ± 0.02 after treatment. The results indicated that stem cutoff is an effective method of increasing chlorosis in a population with a high level of Fe efficiency, permitting selection for further improvement of the character.
A NN/HMM hybrid for continuous speech recognition with a discriminant nonlinear feature extraction (2002)

This paper deals with a hybrid NN/HMM architecture for continuous speech recognition. We present a novel approach to set up a neural linear or nonlinear feature transformation that is used as a preprocessor on top of the HMM system's RBF-network to produce discriminative feature vectors that are well suited for being modeled by mixtures of Gaussian distributions. In order to omit the computational cost of discriminative training of a context-dependent system, we propose to train a discriminant neural feature transformation on a system of low complexity and reuse this transformation in the context-dependent system to output improved feature vectors. The resulting hybrid system is an extension of a state-of-the-art continuous HMM system, and in fact, it is the first hybrid system that really is capable of outperforming these standard systems with respect to the recognition accuracy, without the need for discriminative training of the entire system. In experiments carried out on the Resource Management 1000-word continuous speech recognition task we achieved a relative error reduction of about 10% with a recognition system that, even before, was among the best ever observed on this task.
Association of Chronic Active Multiple Sclerosis Lesions With Disability In Vivo (2019)

Chronic active lesions are common, are associated with more aggressive disease, exert ongoing tissue damage, and occur even in individuals treated with effective disease-modifying therapies. These results prompt the planning of MRI-based clinical trials aimed at treating perilesional chronic inflammation in MS.
Proenkephalin and risk of developing chronic kidney disease: the Prevention of Renal and Vascular End-stage Disease study (2018)

High pro-ENK is associated with increased risk of CKD<sub>eGFR</sub> in men, but not in women. No association of pro-ENK with CKD<sub>UAE</sub> was observed. These results should be interpreted with caution, since residual confounding and potential overfitting of models could have influenced the results.
Tracking extracellular vesicle phenotypic changes enables treatment monitoring in melanoma (2020)

Monitoring targeted therapy in real time for cancer patients could provide vital information about the development of drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have recently emerged as a promising cancer biomarker, and EV phenotyping shows high potential for monitoring treatment responses. Here, we demonstrate the feasibility of monitoring patient treatment responses based on the plasma EV phenotypic evolution using a multiplex EV phenotype analyzer chip (EPAC). EPAC incorporates the nanomixing-enhanced microchip and the multiplex surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanotag system for direct EV phenotyping without EV enrichment. In a preclinical model, we observe the EV phenotypic heterogeneity and different phenotypic responses to the treatment. Furthermore, we successfully detect cancer-specific EV phenotypes from melanoma patient plasma. We longitudinally monitor the EV phenotypic evolution of eight melanoma patients receiving targeted therapy and find specific EV profiles involved in the development of drug resistance, reflecting the potential of EV phenotyping for monitoring treatment responses.
On Stuttering and Global Ischemia (1993)

Pool et al 1 recently reported on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) data from single-photon emission computed tomography conducted with 20 adult stutterers and 78 age-matched control subjects. From their analyses of rCBF values in 20 regions of interest (ROIs), using one tomographic section per subject, these researchers concluded that they had obtained preliminary evidence for cortical dysfunction in stutterers related to reduced and asymmetric left frontal and temporal perfusion. These are very provocative findings with respect to the diagnosis and, perhaps, treatment of this disorder; they have already prompted one derivative investigation 2 and an inquiry about the researchers' methodology. 3 We also have some inquiries; they concern interpretation and validity of the findings of Pool and colleagues. We believe that their response might also help clarify the importance of their findings. By far, the most significant finding of the study by Pool et al is that brain blood
α‐Helix‐Mimetic Foldamers for Targeting HIV‐1 TAR RNA (2019)

An oligopyridylamide-based foldamer approach has been employed to target HIV TAR RNA-TAT assembly as a model system to study RNA-protein interactions. The oligopyridylamide scaffold adopts a constrained conformation which presents surface functionalities at distinct spatial locations and mimic the chemical features of the secondary structure of proteins. We have designed a library of oligopyridylamides containing diverse surface functionalities which mimic the side chain residues of the TAT protein domain. The interaction of TAR RNA and TAT plays a pivotal role in facilitating HIV replication. The library was screened using various fluorescent based assays to identify antagonists of the TAR RNA-TAT complex. A tricationic oligopyridylamide ADH-19, possessed the highest affinity towards TAR and efficiently inhibited the TAR RNA-TAT interaction with apparent K<sub>d</sub> of 4.1±1.0 μm. Spectroscopic studies demonstrated that ADH-19 interacts with the bulge and the lower bulge regions of TAR RNA, the domains important for TAT interaction. ADH-19 demonstrated appreciable in vivo efficacy (IC<sub>50</sub> =25±1 μm) by rescuing TZM-bl cells infected with the pseudovirus HIV-1HXB-2.
The preprophase band is a localized center of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis in late prophase cells of the onion cotyledon epidermis (2008)

The preprophase band (PPB) marks the site on the plant cell cortex where the cell plate will fuse during the final stage of cytokinesis. Recent studies have shown that several cytoskeletal proteins are depleted at the PPB site, but the processes that bring about these changes are still unknown. We have investigated the membrane systems associated with the PPB regions of epidermal cells of onion cotyledons by means of serial thin sections and electron tomograms. In contrast with specimens preserved by chemical fixatives, our high-pressure frozen cells demonstrated the presence of large numbers of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles in the PPB regions. The vesicles were of two types: clathrin-coated and structurally related, non-coated vesicles. Quantitative analysis of the data revealed that the number of clathrin-coated pits and vesicles is higher in the PPB regions than outside of these regions. Immunofluorescent microscopy using anti-plant clathrin-antibody confirmed this result. In contrast, no differences in secretory activities were observed. We postulate that the removal of membrane proteins by endocytosis plays a role in the formation of PPB 'memory' structures.
A study on the inverse analysis of body force dipole (A proposal of shear type body force dipole for more accurate description of residual stress) (2016)

The present work proposes the shear type body force dipole (BFD) in addition to the normal type to simulate residual stress fields more properly. Expressions for the displacements and stresses induced by the BFD are derived and formulated in the boundary integral equations which govern the elastic field. In the first step of the numerical approach, the sensitivity matrix is constructed to correlate the BFD distributions with the boundary stresses, and is transformed into the generalized inverse matrix by the singular value decomposition technique. Then the generalized inverse matrix is operated on the boundary stresses so that the unknown BFD distributions are evaluated. Based on the study for the effect of the shear type BFD on stress and displacement, discussions are focused to the accuracy of the inverse analysis and the influencing factors such as the number of stress data. The use of the boundary displacement besides the stress data is not important to improve the accuracy in the present problem. It is also suggested that the accuracy of the evaluated BFD distribution can be improved by the following iteration of forward stress analysis so as to minimize the stress error norm at the boundary.
Clostridium tepidiprofundi sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent (2008)

A moderately thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium (strain SG 508T) was isolated from a hydrothermal vent chimney located at 1 degrees N on the East Pacific Rise at a depth of 2650 m. Cells of strain SG 508T were straight to slightly curved rods, 0.4-0.6 microm in diameter and 2.0-3.0 microm in length. Spore formation was observed only below pH 5.5. The temperature range for growth was 22-60 degrees C, with optimum growth at 50 degrees C. The pH range for growth was 4.0-8.5, with optimum growth at pH 6.0-6.8. Growth of strain SG 508T was observed at NaCl concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 6.0 % (w/v), with optimum growth at 2.5 % (w/v). Substrates utilized by strain SG 508T included casein, peptone, tryptone, yeast extract, beef extract, starch, maltose and glucose. The products of glucose fermentation were ethanol, acetate, H2, formate and CO2. Strain SG 508T was able to reduce elemental sulfur to hydrogen sulfide. The DNA G+C content of strain SG 508T was 30.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolated organism belonged to cluster I of the genus Clostridium. On the basis of its physiological properties and data from phylogenetic analyses, strain SG 508T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium tepidiprofundi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SG 508T (=DSM 19306T =VKM B-2459T).
Aggregation of Amphiphilic Molecules in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Small Angle X-ray Scattering Study (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAggregation of Amphiphilic Molecules in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: A Small Angle X-ray Scattering StudyJohn L. Fulton, David M. Pfund, J. B. McClain, T. J. Romack, E. E. Maury, J. R. Combes, E. T. Samulski, J. M. DeSimone, and Malcolm CapelCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 11, 4241–4249Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00011a014https://doi.org/10.1021/la00011a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views579Altmetric-Citations135LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Frühzeitige prognostische Aussage mittels evozierter Potentiale beim schweren Schädel-Hirn-Trauma (1987)

103 patients in acute posttraumatic coma were assessed during 72 hours following severe head injury by clinical examinations (documented with a modified Glasgow-Coma-Score and a brain-stem-score and brainstem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP) as well as short latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP). Patient outcomes were classified at 6 months or more, according to the following categories: good recovery, severely disabled or vegetative, and brain dead. Patients who had died by systemic complications were excluded from the study. The Glasgow-Coma-Score was reliable in forecasting a favorable outcome, but tended to produce false-pessimistic predictions. The brainstemscore and the BAEPs were reliable predictors of an unfavorable but not a favorable outcome. SEP data however, performed well as a prognostic indicant in predicting an unfavorable as well as a favorable outcome. Using the BAEP, the amplitude ratio Wave V/Wave I is more sensitive to detect a lesion than the interpeak-latency Wave I-Wave V, and--using the SEP--the amplitude ratio N20/N13b (over C2) is more sensitive than the central conduction time (N13a (over C7)--N20).
Cyclic analogues of bradykinin (1985)

Cyclopeptides containing the complete bradykinin sequence have been synthesized using the pentafluorophenyl esters procedure. Cyclization was performed either by directly connecting the terminal amino acids or via one or two ω‐aminododecanoic acid residues. Preparative liquid chromatography with an axial adsorbent compression system was employed for purification of intermediates. Cyclo‐bradykinin and cyclo‐(ω‐aminododecanoyl‐bradykinin) exhibit prolonged hypotensive activity, whereas cyclo‐(ω‐aminododecanoyl‐ω‐aminododecanoyl‐bradykinin) appeared inactive in our experiments.
Bibliography of Heat Transfer in Electronic Equipment (1985)

A bibliography of 237 publications dealing with heat transfer in electronic equipment is presented. The papers are arranged in twelve categories, and cover the period from 1970-1984, although a majority of the papers listed were published in the last three years.
Chemically amplified negative-tone resist using novel acryl polymer for 193-nm lithography (1999)

We report the development of a novel acryl polymer with an (alpha) -hydroxymethyl acrylate in the application to 193nm chemically amplified negative-tone resist. This new polymer structure consists of ((alpha) -hydroxymethyl)acrylate and MAA. The ester and alcohol group in the polymer contribute to an intramolecule and/or intermolecular hybrid crosslinking reactions without crosslinker and in the presence of a photo generated acid as a catalysis. In an intramolecular crosslink reaction, the ester group reacts to a neighboring hydroxymethyl group within the polymer chain. As a result, a lactone group is made in the main polymer chain. On the other hand, in an intermolecular crosslink reaction, the ester group reacts to a hydroxymethyl group of another polymer chain to make an ester chain. In this reaction, the new polymer is densely crosslinked and fine resist pattern is obtained without having any swelling problem. Consequently, the resist is optimized and contains the new polymer, photoacid generator and a small amount of crosslinker. Under conventional illumination condition, 180nm line and space pattern are achieved without any kind of swelling problem. The sensitivity is 40 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> with the standard developer, NMD-3 2.38 percent.
Copy number and transcriptome alterations associated with metastatic lesion response to treatment in colorectal cancer (2021)

This investigation of genomic-phenotype associations in a large colorectal cancer liver metastases cohort identified novel molecular features associated with treatment response, supporting the clinical importance of collecting metastatic samples in a defined clinical setting.
Identification of the ornithine decarboxylase gene in the putrescine-producerOenococcus oeniBIFI-83 (2004)

We report here the identification of an ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) gene in the putrescine-producer Oenococcus oeni BIFI-83 strain. The gene contains a 2,235-nucleotide open reading frame encoding a 745-amino acid residues protein with a deduced molecular mass of 81 kDa. The primary structure of the ODC deduced from the nucleotide sequence has a consensus sequence containing the pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) binding domain, and the critical amino acids residues involved in enzymatic activity are also conserved. As determined by BLAST analysis, the deduced amino acid sequence of the odc gene shares a 67% identity with the ODC protein from Lactobacillus 30a. The odc gene appears to be rarely present in the genome of O. oeni, since in a screening for the presence of this gene in 42 oenococcal strains none of the strains possessed an odc gene copy.
Densitometry of the Peripheral Skeleton to Detect Osteopenia-Reply (1986)

<h3>In Reply.—</h3> Dr Bilbrey alleges that there is evidence that the distal radius provides an early indication of osteopenia useful for diagnosis of osteoporosis. He presumes that this is due to a higher trabecular content at a "5-mm" radius site used in the Beta Diagnostics clinics. The 5-mm site is located at from 5% to 10% of theforearm length, where there is only 35% trabecular bone, not more than 50% as claimed.<sup>1</sup>The trabecular content is immaterial however, since even purely trabecular bone of the distal radius (1) is poorly correlated with that of the axial skeleton,<sup>2,3</sup>(2) has an onset of bone loss a decade after that in the spine and the femur, (3) has a low rate of aging bone loss,<sup>3,4</sup>and (4) does not respond to various therapies used for osteoporosis.<sup>5,6</sup> Peripheral measurements could be clinically useful if they predicted bone density
Causes for the Persistence of Impact Factor Mania (2014)

ABSTRACT Numerous essays have addressed the misuse of the journal impact factor for judging the value of science, but the practice continues, primarily as a result of the actions of scientists themselves. This seemingly irrational behavior is referred to as "impact factor mania." Although the literature on the impact factor is extensive, little has been written on the underlying causes of impact factor mania. In this perspective, we consider the reasons for the persistence of impact factor mania and its pernicious effects on science. We conclude that impact factor mania persists because it confers significant benefits to individual scientists and journals. Impact factor mania is a variation of the economic theory known as the "tragedy of the commons," in which scientists act rationally in their own self-interests despite the detrimental consequences of their actions on the overall scientific enterprise. Various measures to reduce the influence of the impact factor are considered. IMPORTANCE Science and scientists are currently afflicted by an epidemic of mania manifested by associating the value of research with the journal where the work is published rather than the content of the work itself. The mania is causing profound distortions in the way science is done that are deleterious to the overall scientific enterprise. In this essay, we consider the forces responsible for the persistence of the mania and conclude that it is maintained because it disproportionately benefits elements of the scientific enterprise, including certain well-established scientists, journals, and administrative interests. Our essay suggests steps that can be taken to deal with this debilitating and destructive epidemic.
You Name It – How Memory and Delay Govern First Name Dynamics (2012)

The adoption and abandonment of first names through time is a fascinating phenomenon that may shed light on social dynamics and the forces that determine cultural taste in general. Here we show that baby name dynamics is governed almost solely by deterministic forces, even though the emerging abundance statistics resembles the one obtained from a pure drift model. Exogenous events are shown to affect the name dynamics very rarely, and most of the year-to-year fluctuations around the deterministic trend may be attributed solely to demographic noise. We suggest that the rise and fall of a name reflect an "infection" process with delay and memory. The symmetry between adoption and abandonment speed emerges from our model without further assumptions.
Photothermal effect for localized desorption of primary lymphocytes arrayed on an antibody/DNA-based biochip (2014)

This work proposes a miniaturized system able to perform multiple cell capture followed by cell-type selective release from a biochip surface. Unlabelled lymphocytes were first specifically captured onto a DNA array by antibody-DNA conjugates. The immobilized cells were subsequently released under spatiotemporal control within local heating generated by intense Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) produced by laser illumination.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF THE FIRST MOLECULAR MOEBIUS STRIP (1982)

Abstract Cyclisierung des ausgehend von den Komponenten (I) und (II) über die Stufen (IIIa)‐(IIIc) zugänglichen Ditosylats (IV) (THYME) führt zur Bildung der (chiralen) Titelverbindung (V) und des (achiralen) zylindrisch gebauten Isomeren (VI).