gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Decomposition of Empirical Distributions with Applications to the Valuation of Derivative Assets (2002)

The selection of an appropriate parameterization of data is a fundamental step in a majority of empirical research effort. Likewise, detecting or estimating features of non-stationarities in data sequences is a critical point in conducting credible research that uses data for inference. In this spirit, this paper presents a simple decomposition of the empirical return distributions of financial assets into the sum of various normal distributions. The decomposition is motivated by the fact that market participants expect distributions to be drawn from two or three possible scenarios. It is also motivated by the recent applications of the EM algorithm to financial data. A parametric and a nonparametric approach are proposed and applied to the empirical distribution of the CAC 40 index traded in the Paris Bourse. We estimate the parameters of the mixture and propose a decomposition into three Gaussian distributions which essentially differ by their variances. The decomposition fits the observed distribution. An alternative approach, which consists in detecting these changes and estimating the distribution of the returns between two changes is developed. The results are obtained using a segmentation method, which is applied to financial data. One of the main findings in this paper is that the two approaches show the same results and give support to the proposed decomposition. There exists three kinds of regimes in the Paris Bourse and the series of the returns jump from a regime to another one at some random instants. This work might be applied to other data sets or other data generating conditions. It can used for the valuation of standard and exotic derivatives.
Stabilization of soluble high‐affinity T‐cell receptor with de novo disulfide bonds (2019)

Soluble T-cell receptors (TCRs) have recently gained visibility as target-recognition units of anticancer immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we improved the thermal stability of the well-expressed high-affinity A6 TCR by introducing pairs of cysteines in the invariable parts of the α- and β-chain. A mutant with a novel intradomain disulfide bond in each chain also tested superior to the wild-type in the accelerated stability assay. Binding of the mutant to the soluble cognate peptide (cp)-MHC and to the peptide-loaded T2 cell line was equal to the wild-type A6 TCR. The same stabilization motif worked efficiently in TCRs with different specificities, such as DMF5 and 1G4. Altogether, the biophysical properties of the soluble TCR molecule could be improved, without affecting its expression level and antigen-binding specificity.
Multiplexed Quantitation of Intraphagocyte Mycobacterium tuberculosis Secreted Protein Effectors (2018)

The pathogenic potential of Mycobacterium tuberculosis largely depends on ESX secretion systems exporting members of the multigenic Esx, Esp, and PE/PPE protein families. To study the secretion and regulation patterns of these proteins while circumventing immune cross-reactions due to their extensive sequence homologies, we developed an approach that relies on the recognition of their MHC class II epitopes by highly discriminative T cell receptors (TCRs) of a panel of T cell hybridomas. The latter were engineered so that each expresses a unique fluorescent reporter linked to specific antigen recognition. The resulting polychromatic and multiplexed imaging assay enabled us to measure the secretion of mycobacterial effectors inside infected host cells. We applied this novel technology to a large panel of mutants, clinical isolates, and host-cell types to explore the host-mycobacteria interplay and its impact on the intracellular bacterial secretome, which also revealed the unexpected capacity of phagocytes from lung granuloma to present mycobacterial antigens via MHC class II.
Few-shot Autoregressive Density Estimation: Towards Learning to Learn\n Distributions (2017)

Deep autoregressive models have shown state-of-the-art performance in density\nestimation for natural images on large-scale datasets such as ImageNet.\nHowever, such models require many thousands of gradient-based weight updates\nand unique image examples for training. Ideally, the models would rapidly learn\nvisual concepts from only a handful of examples, similar to the manner in which\nhumans learns across many vision tasks. In this paper, we show how 1) neural\nattention and 2) meta learning techniques can be used in combination with\nautoregressive models to enable effective few-shot density estimation. Our\nproposed modifications to PixelCNN result in state-of-the art few-shot density\nestimation on the Omniglot dataset. Furthermore, we visualize the learned\nattention policy and find that it learns intuitive algorithms for simple tasks\nsuch as image mirroring on ImageNet and handwriting on Omniglot without\nsupervision. Finally, we extend the model to natural images and demonstrate\nfew-shot image generation on the Stanford Online Products dataset.\n
Abstract 4666: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mTOR inhibitors demonstrate broad efficacy and synergy in head and neck cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts (2016)

Abstract Background: There is an urgent need for improved therapeutics in head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) to improve survival and decrease treatment morbidity. The Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is frequently altered in HNSCC, particularly in human papillomavirus (HPV) positive disease. PI3K pathway inhibitors are under active investigation in preclinical models and clinical trials, however it is not clear which patient population will benefit most from these agents. Methods: Thirty unique HNSCC cell lines including five HPV positive lines were characterized with whole exome sequencing and copy number arrays. All lines were treated over a 10-point dose range with a PIK3CA specific inhibitor (BYL719), a pan PI3K inhibitor (GDC-0941), a combined pan-PI3k and mTOR inhibitor (BEZ-235), mTOR inhibitor (everolimus) and a combination of BYL719 and everolimus. Five unique patient derived xenografts (PDX) were treated with BYL719 and everolimus alone and in combination. Results: The selective PIK3CA inhibitor BYL719 was preferentially active in cell lines with PIK3CA activating mutations and amplifications (&amp;gt;100% relative PIK3CA amplification), however HRAS mutant lines were resistant. These genomic markers of sensitivity and resistance did not apply to the pan-PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 or combined PI3K-mTOR inhibitor BEZ-235, however these agents were more active in HPV-positive cell lines (P&amp;lt;0.05). BYL719 and everolimus were individually effective at decreasing tumor growth in four PDX models including a model with an activating PIK3CA mutation, two PIK3CA amplified models and a PIK3CA wild-type model. Combined PIK3CA and mTOR inhibition appeared to be synergistic and evolved resistance never developed to this treatment, however the combination caused significant weight loss in the PDX models. Interpretation: PI3K inhibitors were broadly active in HNSCC cell lines and PDXs and their application should not be solely restricted to tumors with activating PIK3CA mutations or amplifications. Agents with broader isoform activity and combined PI3K and mTOR treatment were more potent, however combined inhibitor treatment appeared toxic in the PDX models. This trade off of toxicity and efficacy needs to balanced in the clinical setting. Citation Format: Anthony C. Nichols, Laurie Ailkes, Ren Sun, Morgan Black, Alessandro Datti, Frederick Vizeacoumar, Nicole Pinto, Kara Ruicci, John Yoo, Kevin Fung, Danielle MacNeil, Joe Mymryk, Paul C. Boutros, John W. Barrett. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) and mTOR inhibitors demonstrate broad efficacy and synergy in head and neck cancer cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4666.
A Novel Tip-Retraction Mechanism for Puncture Devices1 (2014)

Puncture access procedures are frequent in medicine but can lead to complications due to over-puncture. When tissue membranes yield under applied stress, the device suddenly accelerates forward into the patient. Factors contributing to greater acceleration and increased risk of over-puncture are identified. A novel flexure-based tip-retraction mechanism is proposed and relevant analysis presented. A preload feature improves functionality and ease of use, and accompanying modified design equations are presented. Prototypes are tested to validate analysis and reliability. The proposed device has the potential to improve safety during puncture access procedures by actively opposing forward acceleration of the device upon break-through thus reducing over-puncture incidents.
3D shape retrieval using viewpoint information‐theoretic measures (2013)

Abstract In this paper, we present an information‐theoretic framework to compute the shape similarity between 3D polygonal models. Given a 3D model, an information channel between a sphere of viewpoints around the model and its polygonal mesh is defined to compute the specific information associated with each viewpoint. The obtained information sphere can be seen as a shape descriptor of the model. Then, given two models, their similarity is obtained by performing a registration process between the corresponding information spheres. The distance between the information histograms is also defined as a coarse measure of similarity, as well as the scalar value given by the mutual information of the channel. The performance of all these measures is tested using the Princeton Shape Benchmark database. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
InP/ZnSeS/ZnS Quantum Dot-Embedded Alumina Microbeads for Color-by-Blue Displays (2022)

Currently, heavy-shelled and gradient-shelled InP/ZnSeS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) are commercially utilized as green (G) and red (R) color-converting layers in color-by-blue (B) QD-based displays. There is still a lack of systematic approaches to solve optical issues created when transforming QD nanoparticles into QD films. Here, triply protected approaches, such as using an Al dopant to passivate shell defects, Hf-n-butoxide (Hf(OtBu)4)-complex treatment to reduce ligand detachment, and the Al tri-sec-butoxide (Al(OsBu)3) electrospray (E-spray) process to form an outer protecting layer and transform the material into QD-embedded Al2O3 microbeads, are sequentially performed to improve the photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) and environmental stability of QDs. Moreover, QD-embedded microbeads improve QD distribution uniformity inside Al2O3 microbeads for high loading of nonagglomerated QDs and promote a scattering effect of QD green emission and blue excitation light in color-by-blue QD films. Therefore, the luminous efficacy (LE) of a mixed norland optical adhesive (NOA) film of QD@Al&Hf nanoparticles and QD@Al&Hf microbeads reaches ∼145.2 lm/W, which is 2.86 times higher than that of a QD@Al&Hf nanoparticle-only NOA film (50.8 lm/W). This combined approach can provide one example of promising combined approaches to fabrication of QD composite structures and suitable shapes for highly efficient and stable InP/ZnSeS/ZnS QD films in color-by-blue QD displays.
Semantics reinforcement and fusion learning for multimedia streams (2007)

Fusion of multimedia streams for enhanced performance is a critical problem for retrieval. However, fusion performance tends to easily overfit the hillclimb set used to learn fusion rules. In this paper, we perform fusion learning for multimedia streams using a greedy performance driven algorithm. In our fusion learning paradigm, fused output is a linear combination of multiple classifiers or ranked streams. The algorithm is inspired from Ensemble Learning [2] but takes that idea further for improving generalization capability. A key application of our fusion learning algorithm, described in this work, is semantics reinforcement using an ensemble of classifiers built using the same training dataset but groundtruth corresponding to different concepts. We expect that classifiers built for semantically close concepts should reinforce each other's performance and fusion learning is an excellent post-classification way to reinforce semantics and performance. Fusion learning experiments have been performed on TRECVID 2005 test set. Experiments using the well established retrieval effectiveness measure of mean average precision reveal that our proposed algorithm improves over the best classifier (oracle) by 3.8%. We also present and discuss some interesting and intuitive semantic reinforcement trends observed during fusion learning.
<title>Analysis of a millimeter-wave integrated electro-optic modulator with a periodic electrode</title> (1990)

A millimeter wave integrated lithium niobate modulator, consisting of a titanium diffused optical waveguide Mach-Zender interferometer and a traveling wave coplanar waveguide electrode with periodic series stubs, is analyzed through the application of Floquet's theorem. First, a design equation for the modulator is derived by expanding the RF signal along the optical waveguide into space harmonics and then matching the velocity of the dominant space harmonic to the velocity of the optical signal. Then, the frequency response of the modulator is found by integrating, over the modulator's length, the local optical phase shifts that are electro-optically induced by all of the RF space harmonics. Finally, it is shown how the concepts developed here for an ideal (no reflections) periodic structure can be applied to the experimental determination of the modulator response by characterizing isolated unit sections of a real electrode. This approach has the added advantage of facilitating RF inmpedance matching to the modulator.
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance using T1-mapping, T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhancement imaging provides a high diagnostic yield in patients presenting with acute chest pain, positive troponin and non-obstructive coronary arteries (2014)

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance using T1-mapping, T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhancement imaging provides a high diagnostic yield in patients presenting with acute chest pain, positive troponin and non-obstructive coronary arteries Vanessa M Ferreira, Erica Dall’Armellina, Stefan K Piechnik, Theodoros D Karamitsos, Jane M Francis, Robin Choudhury, Keith Channon, Rajesh Kharbanda, Colin Forfar, Oliver Ormerod, Bernard D Prendergast, Attila Kardos, Jim Newton, Matthias G Friedrich, Matthew D Robson, Stefan Neubauer
An Antioxidant Capacity Assay Using a Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based DPPH Pellet (2010)

To assay for antioxidant capacity of natural products considered important in producing human health benefits, a practical and economical method using pellet techniques was developed. A standard visualizing reagent, 1,1diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), was mixed with a water-miscible polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), serving as a solid phase support for the DPPH reagent. A DPPH pellet was prepared by dropping a small volume of the DPPH solution onto PET film, and drying in an oven. The PVA-based DPPH pellet was dissolved into water, in which the water-miscible PVA plays as a non-ionic surfactant to help the DPPH reagent to be dissolved into the solvent. Using the DPPH assay, the antioxidant capacity of water-soluble extracts of black soybean, barley, green tea, and green gram was examined. Among the natural products tested, green tea showed the highest antioxidant capacity. This PVA-based DPPH antioxidant assay can be further applied in the natural food, raw plant material, and health product inspection field.
Nouvelle methode de preparation diastereoselective de piperidines 2,6-disubstituees. Application a la synthese totale de produits naturels (2000)

Ce travail decrit une nouvelle voie de synthese asymetrique et diastereoselective de piperidines polysubstituees. Elle est basee sur la preparation de 4-piperidones protegees sous forme d'un acetal a partir d'un aldehyde et d'une aminobutanone. Une reaction intramoleculaire de type mannich permet la formation du cycle piperidinique. La chiralite est, dans un premier temps, apportee par des complexes arene chrome-tricarbonyle puis par une amine -substituee homochirale. Cette seconde methode conduit au cycle piperidinique 2,6-cis-disubstitue de maniere hautement diastereoselective. Elle a ete appliquee a la preparation de divers produits naturels tel que la (+)- et (-)-dihydropinidine, le (+)- et (-)-alcaloide 241d, la (+)-isosolenopsine a. Elle a egalement permis d'effectuer la premiere synthese totale de l'epimere en 4 de l'alcaloide 241d, de la (+)-isosolenopsine, des (+)-isosolenopsines b et c et d'un derive de l'adamantane possedant des proprietes antivirales. L'utilisation d'aldehydes fonctionnalises et tout particulierement -hydroxyles a permis la mise au point d'une voie de synthese rapide et efficace a des derives quinolizidiniques et indolizidiniques. Cette voie a ete illustree par la preparation de la (+)-epimyrtine et de son analogue indolizidinique. Enfin, la methode a ete appliquee a la preparation de derives du type 2-spiropiperidines, par utilisation d'une cetone cyclique lors de l'etape de cyclisation. Cette formation efficace de spiropiperidines a egalement permis la preparation d'un derive de l'adamantane possedant des proprietes antivirales importantes. Cette nouvelle voie de synthese permet donc de preparer des piperidines disubstituees en position 2 et 6, ainsi que des piperidines trisubtituees en position 2,4 et 6 enantiopures.
Chemical Shift MRI Monitoring of Chemoembolization Delivery for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Multicenter Feasibility of Initial Clinical Translation (2023)

Purpose To demonstrate the feasibility of using chemical shift fat-water MRI methods to visualize and measure intrahepatic delivery of ethiodized oil to liver tumors following conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE). Materials and Methods Twenty-eight participants (mean age, 66 years ± 8 [SD]; 22 men) with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treated with cTACE were evaluated with follow-up chemical shift MRI in this Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act-compliant prospective, institutional review board-approved study. Uptake of ethiodized oil was evaluated at 1-month follow-up chemical shift MRI. Measurements of tumor size (MRI and CT), attenuation and enhancement (CT), fat content percentage, and tumor:normal ratio (MRI) were compared by lesion for responders versus nonresponders, as assessed with modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and European Association for the Study of the Liver (EASL) criteria. Adverse events and overall survival by the Kaplan-Meier method were secondary end points. Results Focal tumor ethiodized oil retention was 46% (12 of 26 tumors) at 24 hours and 47% (18 of 38 tumors) at 1 month after cTACE. Tumor volume at CT did not differ between EASL-defined responders and nonresponders (<i>P</i> = .06). Tumor ethiodized oil volume measured with chemical shift MRI was statistically significantly higher for EASL-defined nonresponders (<i>P</i> = .02). Doxorubicin dosing (<i>P</i> = .53), presence of focal fat (<i>P</i> = .83), and a combined end point of focal fat and low doxorubicin dosing (<i>P</i> = .97) did not stratify overall survival after cTACE. Conclusion Chemical shift MRI allowed for assessment of tumor delivery of ethiodized oil out to 1 month after cTACE in participants with HCC and demonstrated tumor ethiodized oil volume as a potential tool for stratification of tumor response by EASL criteria. <b>Keywords:</b> MRI, Chemical Shift Imaging, CT, Hepatic Chemoembolization, Ethiodized Oil Clinicaltrials.gov registration no.: NCT02173119 <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> © RSNA, 2023.
The Existence of a Putative Regulatory Element in 3'-Untranslated Region of Proto-oncogene HOX11's mRNA (2005)

HOX11 encodes a homeodomain-containing transcription factor which directs the development of the spleen during embryogenesis. While HOX11 expression is normally silenced through an unknown mechanism in all tissues by adulthood, the deregulation of HOX11 expression is associated with leukemia, such as T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The elucidation of regulatory elements contributing to the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of HOX11 gene expression is of great importance. Previous reports of HOX11 regulatory elements mainly focused on the 5\'-flanking region of HOX11 on the chromosome related to transcriptional control. To expand the search of putative cis-elements involved in HOX11 regulation at the post-transcriptional level, we analyzed HOX11 mRNA 3\'-untranslated region (3\'UTR) and found an AU-rich region. To characterize this AU-rich region, in vitro analysis of HOX11 mRNA 3\'UTR was performed with human RNAbinding protein HuR, which interacts with AU-rich element (ARE) existing in the 3\'UTR of many growth factors' and cytokines' mRNAs. Our results showed that the HOX11 mRNA 3\'UTR can specifically bind with human HuR protein in vitro. This specific binding could be competed effectively by typical ARE containing RNA. After the deletion of the AU-rich region present in the HOX11 mRNA 3\'UTR, the interaction of HOX11 mRNA 3\'UTR with HuR protein was abolished. These findings suggest that HOX11 mRNA 3\'UTR contains cis-acting element which shares similarity in the action pattern with ARE-HuR interactions and may involve in the posttranscriptional regulation of the HOX11 gene.
Nonaqueous heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonaqueous heterogeneous oxidation of sulfur dioxideJudith Ann. Halstead, Roger. Armstrong, Bruce. Pohlman, Scott. Sibley, and Robert. MaierCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 8, 3261–3265Publication Date (Print):April 19, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100371a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100371a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views124Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts