gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Pyrolysis of Poplar Using a Captive Sample Reactor: Effects of Inorganic Salts on Primary Pyrolysis Products (2012)

We have constructed a captive sample reactor (CSR) to study fast pyrolysis of biomass. The reactor uses a stainless steel wire mesh to surround biomass materials with an isothermal environment by independent controlling of heating rates and pyrolysis temperatures. The vapors produced during pyrolysis are immediately entrained and transported in He carrier gas to a molecular beam mass spectrometer (MBMS). Formation of secondary products is minimized by rapidly quenching the sample support with liquid nitrogen. A range of alkali and alkaline earth metal (AAEM) and transition metal salts were tested to study their effect on composition of primary pyrolysis products. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR) analysis of the MBMS data shows that transition metal salts enhance pyrolysis of carbohydrates and AAEM salts enhances pyrolysis of lignin. This was supported by performing similar separate studies on cellulose, hemicellulose and extracted lignin. The effect of salts on char formation is also discussed.
Deconstructing NLG Evaluation: Evaluation Practices, Assumptions, and Their Implications (2022)

There are many ways to express similar things in text, which makes evaluating natural language generation (NLG) systems difficult. Compounding this difficulty is the need to assess varying quality criteria depending on the deployment setting. While the landscape of NLG evaluation has been well-mapped, practitioners' goals, assumptions, and constraints -- which inform decisions about what, when, and how to evaluate -- are often partially or implicitly stated, or not stated at all. Combining a formative semi-structured interview study of NLG practitioners (N=18) with a survey study of a broader sample of practitioners (N=61), we surface goals, community practices, assumptions, and constraints that shape NLG evaluations, examining their implications and how they embody ethical considerations.
An Investigation into Accuracy, Computation, and Robustness of Stochastic Linearization of Systems with Saturation Nonlinearities (2021)

Quasilinear Control (QLC) is a theory with a set of tools that can be used for the analysis and design of stochastic feedback control systems with nonlinear actuators and sensors. It is based on Stochastic Linearization (SL), a method of linearization that approximates a nonlinearity with an equivalent gain and a bias using statistical properties of its input. While the QLC literature has studied many problems in controls (e.g., performance analysis and controller design), important issues such as accuracy, robustness, and computation of SL have not been fully investigated. This paper fills this gap, with a special focus on feedback systems with saturating actuators, which are commonly encountered in feedback control systems and the QLC literature. Specifically, the accuracy of SL in approximating the saturated response is investigated. A mathematical relationship is established between the saturation authority and the worst-case open-loop accuracy, and the implications on closed-loop accuracy are described. To study the robustness of SL in practical situations, the sensitivities of the equivalent SL gain and bias to system parameters are investigated. Finally, several root-finding algorithms are compared in terms of their computational speed in solving the SL equations, and a novel change of coordinates is presented to improve the performance. The results provide valuable insights into and methods for addressing the computational aspects of SL that are critical for proper design and analysis of nonlinear stochastic feedback control systems.
Signaling pathways for induction of platelet aggregation by SAS tongue cancer cells – a mechanism of hematogenous metastasis (2009)

These results suggest that tongue cancer cells may induce TCIPA and enhance tumor metastasis. SAS-induced TCIPA is related to TF secretion, thrombin generation and associated with Phospholipase C-Inositol triphosphate signaling and ROS production. Betel quid chewing may potentially promote tongue cancer metastasis.
High electrical reliability glass-polymer laminates (2019)

Low-alkali boroaluminosilicate glasses have attracted increasing attention in high temperature dielectric applications due to their excellent dielectric and mechanical properties, and superior thermal stability. Here, we explore an effective approach to greatly improve the electrical reliability of a low-alkali glass by coating a thin polymer layer on top of the glass. In particular, it is shown that the primary breakdown mechanism of the glass is associated with the intensified electric fields in the depletion layers, and the polymer coating can substantially mitigate the local fields in the depleted regions, thus leading to a markedly improved distribution of electrical failures for the glass-polymer laminate. The laminate can exhibit a large breakdown strength of 10.5 MV/cm and a significantly increased Weibull shape parameter of 49.
Advancing Differential Privacy: Where We Are Now and Future Directions for Real-World Deployment (2023)

In this article, we present a detailed review of current practices and state-of-the-art methodologies in the field of differential privacy (DP), with a focus of advancing DP's deployment in real-world applications. Key points and high-level contents of the article were originated from the discussions from "Differential Privacy (DP): Challenges Towards the Next Frontier," a workshop held in July 2022 with experts from industry, academia, and the public sector seeking answers to broad questions pertaining to privacy and its implications in the design of industry-grade systems. This article aims to provide a reference point for the algorithmic and design decisions within the realm of privacy, highlighting important challenges and potential research directions. Covering a wide spectrum of topics, this article delves into the infrastructure needs for designing private systems, methods for achieving better privacy/utility trade-offs, performing privacy attacks and auditing, as well as communicating privacy with broader audiences and stakeholders.
Growth of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes with a narrow band-gap distribution (2016)

The growth of high-quality semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes with a narrow band-gap distribution is crucial for the fabrication of high-performance electronic devices. However, the single-wall carbon nanotubes grown from traditional metal catalysts usually have diversified structures and properties. Here we design and prepare an acorn-like, partially carbon-coated cobalt nanoparticle catalyst with a uniform size and structure by the thermal reduction of a [Co(CN)6](3-) precursor adsorbed on a self-assembled block copolymer nanodomain. The inner cobalt nanoparticle functions as active catalytic phase for carbon nanotube growth, whereas the outer carbon layer prevents the aggregation of cobalt nanoparticles and ensures a perpendicular growth mode. The grown single-wall carbon nanotubes have a very narrow diameter distribution centred at 1.7 nm and a high semiconducting content of >95%. These semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes have a very small band-gap difference of ∼0.08 eV and show excellent thin-film transistor performance.
Lithium ion battery chemistries from renewable energy storage to automotive and back-up power applications — An overview (2014)

Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries have been extensively used in consumer electronics because of their characteristics, such as high efficiency, long life, and high gravimetric and volumetric energy. In addition, Li-ion batteries are becoming the most attractive candidate as electrochemical storage systems for stationary applications, as well as power source for sustainable automotive and back-up power supply applications. This paper gives an overview of the Li-ion battery chemistries that are available at present in the market, and describes the three out of four main applications (except the consumers' applications), grid support, automotive, and back-up power, for which the Li-ion batteries are suitable. Each of these applications has its own specifications and thus, the chemistry of the Li-ion battery should be chosen to fulfill the requirements of the corresponding application. Consequently, this paper discusses as well, the suitability of the presented Li-ion battery chemistries for different applications.
Hemodynamic observations in obstetric patients complicated by post partum respiratory failure. (1990)

分娩後に発症した呼吸不全(肺水腫)7例の臨床的検討を行った.発症頻度は0.15%であり,産科合併症として全例に妊娠中毒症が見られたことが特徴的であった.Swan-Ganzカテーテルによる血行動態の観察と膠質浸透圧の測定により,7例の肺水腫は左心不全によるもの(2例)・静水圧-膠質浸透圧差の変化によるもの(2例)・毛細血管透過性の亢進によるもの(3例)に分類された.これらの病態の解明並びに治療を的確に行うために,Swan-Ganzカテーテルを使用したセントラルモニタリングが産科領域での重症患者の管理にも有用であることが改めて認識された.
Neutralizing Antibodies against Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Derived from a Human Survivor (2020)

Crimean&ndash;Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is an arbovirus belonging to the Nairoviridae family. The virus, as well as ticks of the Hyalomma genus, which serve as its reservoir host, are found in parts of Africa, western Asia, and southern Europe. Following sporadic zoonotic or human-to-human transmission, infection is characterized by fever, fatigue, vomiting, diarrhea, and in fatal cases, often hemorrhagic symptoms. There are currently no vaccines or targeted treatments available against CCHFV, leading the WHO to declare it a Blueprint priority pathogen in 2017. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a panel of human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against CCHFV. Using a novel soluble Gn/Gc sorting antigen, we were able to isolate memory B cells specific for CCHFV from four convalescent donors. From each patient sample, we were able to derive several potently neutralizing antibodies with IC50 in the nanomolar range as determined by neutralization of CCHFV virus-like particles. Neutralization by candidate hits was also confirmed using authentic CCHFV. We further show that several of the most potently neutralizing mAbs possess a breadth of neutralization spanning three clades of CCHFV strains. These broadly neutralizing mAbs are currently being tested in a mouse model of CCHFV infection, with preliminary results indicating that they have protective potential.
Opioids: 3.2 Opioid Pepties (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Discovery of Endogenous Opioids Synthetic Peptidic Tool Compounds
Measurement of Activity Coefficients at Infinite Dilution Using Gas−Liquid Chromatography. 13. Results for Various Solutes with the Stationary Phases 1-Ethylpyrrolidin-2-one and 1,5-Dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one (2002)

Using gas−liquid chromatography, activity coefficients at infinite dilution ( ) have been measured for 23 solutes (i) (alkanes, alkenes, cyclic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, ethers, aldehydes, esters, and halocarbons) in the solvents (3) 1-ethylpyrrolidin-2-one and 1,5-dimethylpyrrolidin-2-one. The measurements were carried out at three temperatures (298.15 K, 308.15 K, and 318.15 K). The obtained values are compared with data for 1,3-dimethylimidazolidin-2-one, 1-octylpyrrolidin-2-one, pyrrolidin-2-one, and 1-methylpyrrolidin-2-one. The selectivities for benzene and the other organic solutes are presented at three temperatures (298.15 K, 308.15 K, 318.15 K), and the efficacy of the two entrainers for separating benzene from other organic substances is discussed. Furthermore, the experimental data are compared with the results of the modified UNIFAC equation (Dortmund).
Electronic structure studies of carbon nanostructures using electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission (1999)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. Pichler, R. Friedlein, M. Knupfer, M. S. Golden, J. Fink, K. Mukhopadhyay, T. Sugai, H. Shinohara, Th. Cabioch́; Electronic structure studies of carbon nanostructures using electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission. AIP Conf. Proc. 30 September 1999; 486 (1): 346–350. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.59807 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Benchmark Evaluation of TREAT Reactor M2 and M3 Transient Experiments (2019)

The objective of this project is to evaluate and produce TREAT reactor benchmarks under steady state and transient conditions. The benchmarks support the TREAT restart effort and are to be contributed to the International Reactor Physics Experiment Evaluation Project (IRPhEP) for inclusion in the International Handbook of Evaluated Reactor Physics Benchmark Experiments. The benchmark evaluation is performed using data generated during the “Power Calibration Experiment for test M2” and “IFR Safety Tests M2 and M3”. The evaluations are conducted using the high fidelity Serpent-OpenFOAM code system. Both the steady state and transient conditions of the M2 and M3 tests were investigated. Furthermore, TREAT has a graphitic core. Historical work has shown that the predictions of the outcomes of TREAT tests are highly sensitive to the graphite thermal neutron scattering cross sections. Therefore, in this project, thermal neutron scattering (i.e., S(α,β)) libraries of graphite, tailored to the specifics of the TREAT core, were generated and utilized in the evaluation
Metallocene Polymerization Catalyst Ion-Pair Aggregation by Cryoscopy and Pulsed Field Gradient Spin−Echo NMR Diffusion Measurements (2003)

Pulsed field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR and cryoscopic measurements have been performed on a series of homogeneous metallocene polymerization catalyst ion-pairs to determine if aggregation is a significant phenomenon under typical polymerization conditions. Cryoscopic measurements on [(Me5Cp)2ZrMe]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (1), [rac-Et(Indenyl)2ZrMe]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (2), [(1,2-Me2Cp)2ZrCHTMS2]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (3), [Me2Si(Me4Cp)(t-BuN)TiMe]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (4), [Me2Si(Me4Cp)(t-BuN)ZrMe]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (5), and [Me2C(Fluorenyl)(Cp)ZrMe]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (6) were carried out in benzene in the 10-18 millimolal concentration range. PGSE measurements, using (p-tolyl)4Si as an internal standard, were also performed on catalyst ion-pairs 1, 4, 6, [(Me5Cp)2ThMe]+[B(C6F5)4]- (7), [(Me2SiCp2)ZrMe]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (8), and [Cp2ZrMe]+[MeB(C6F5)3]- (9) in the 0.8-10.0 millimolar range. All results are consistent with a 1:1 ion-pair structural model and show little evidence for ion-quadruples or higher-order aggregates.
William Robinson (1915)

Journal Article William Robinson Get access Luke N. Robinson Luke N. Robinson 1The Small House, Sunbury-on-Thames Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-XI, Issue 270, 27 February 1915, Page 171, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-XI.270.171a Published: 27 February 1915
Nanoparticles of SnO Produced by Sonochemistry as Anode Materials for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (2002)

Nanoparticles of SnO were synthesized sonochemically in mildly basic SnCl2 solutions. The amorphous product thus obtained could be transformed to a nanocrystalline phase by heating to 200 °C. Composite electrodes comprised (by weight) of 80% SnO, 10% graphite flakes (conductive additive), and 10% polymeric binder (an optimal composition) were tested as anodes for rechargeable Li batteries. The nanocrystalline SnO was found to be much more effective as an active material for electrodes than the initial amorphous phase. These electrodes could reach nearly their theoretical capacity (≃790 mAh/g, SnO) in electrochemical lithiation−delithiation processes versus a Li counter electrode in nonaqueous Li salt solutions. However, there is still a long way to go to the possible use of SnO as an anode material in practical batteries. This is due to its high irreversible capacity (Li2O formation and surface film precipitation due to reactions of lithium−tin compounds with solution species) and gradual capacity decrease during repeated charge−discharge cycling. Possible reasons for this capacity fading are discussed. The tools for this study included electron microscopy (both TEM and SEM), thermal analysis (DSC), XRD, FTIR and impedance spectroscopies, and standard electrochemical techniques.
Extracellular matrix structure governs invasion resistance in bacterial biofilms (2015)

Many bacteria are highly adapted for life in communities, or biofilms. A defining feature of biofilms is the production of extracellular matrix that binds cells together. The biofilm matrix provides numerous fitness benefits, including protection from environmental stresses and enhanced nutrient availability. Here we investigate defense against biofilm invasion using the model bacterium Vibrio cholerae. We demonstrate that immotile cells, including those identical to the biofilm resident strain, are completely excluded from entry into resident biofilms. Motile cells can colonize and grow on the biofilm exterior, but are readily removed by shear forces. Protection from invasion into the biofilm interior is mediated by the secreted protein RbmA, which binds mother-daughter cell pairs to each other and to polysaccharide components of the matrix. RbmA, and the invasion protection it confers, strongly localize to the cell lineages that produce it.
A method for distinguishing ionized, complexed and protein-bound Mg in normal and diseased subjects (1994)

Since 1932, it has been known that Mg exists in blood in several forms: protein-bound, complexed to certain anions, and ionized. However, there is discrepancy and debate on what these fractions are, how to accurately assess them, and whether they are important in diagnosis and prognosis of disease syndromes. Using the NOVA ISE for IMg2+, a controlled method for ultrafiltration of Mg and atomic absorption spectrophotometry, we have found four distinct fractions of Mg in healthy normal plasma and serum: 1. ultrafilterable Mg (81%) (made up of ionized and complexed); 2. ionized Mg (67%); 3. protein-bound Mg (19%); and 4. complexed Mg (14%). The amount of each fraction appears to depend upon the pathophysiologic state of the patients. Previous observations on the amount of complexed and ionized Mg are at best, only approximations, due to the absence of a device (i.e., ISE) to measure accurately IMg2+.
In vivo evaluation of an injectable premixed radiopaque calcium phosphate cement International Journal of Biomaterials (2010)

In vivo evaluation of an injectable premixed radiopaque calcium phosphate cement International Journal of Biomaterials
Characterization of an insulin receptor mutant lacking the subunit processing site. (1990)

An insulin receptor mutant was constructed utilizing site-directed mutagenesis to delete the Arg-Lys-Arg-Arg basic amino acid cleavage site (positions 720-723) from the cDNA encoding the human insulin proreceptor. This mutant was transfected into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Immunoprecipitation of metabolically labeled cells revealed a 205-kDa proreceptor which bound to wheat germ agglutinin. Processed 130-kDa alpha and 95-kDa beta subunits were also observed and contained approximately 20% as much protein as the proreceptor on a molar basis. Trypsin digestion of intact metabolically labeled cells decreased the proreceptor band by 80%. Pulse-chase studies revealed a half-life of 28 h for the proreceptor. When cells were photolabeled with 125I-B2(2-nitro-4-azidophenylacetyl)-des-PheB1 (NAPA)-insulin, the proreceptor incorporated 10% as much label as the 130-kDa alpha subunit in spite of a 5-fold molar excess. Incubation of NAPA-labeled cells at 37 degrees C for 20 min resulted in 60% of the labeled subunits, but little labeled proreceptor, becoming resistant to trypsin degradation. Immunoprecipitation of NAPA-insulin-stimulated cells with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies revealed that 62% of the processed labeled receptors, but very little proreceptor, contained phosphotyrosine. Thus, this mutant receptor is synthesized, glycosylated, and expressed on the cell surface as uncleaved proreceptor, although some processing to alpha and beta subunits still occurs. It exhibits a markedly decreased affinity for insulin, and when insulin is bound to, demonstrates defective internalization, down-regulation, and autophosphorylation. These data suggest that cleavage of the mutant proreceptor into subunits is required not only for the development of high affinity binding sites, but also for normal transduction of the signal which activates the beta subunit tyrosine kinase.
Centrifugal Shape Sorting of Faceted Gold Nanoparticles Using an Atomic Plane-Selective Surfactant (2012)

Highly refined shape populations of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are important for emerging applications in catalysis, plasmonics, and nanomaterials growth. To date, research efforts have focused on achieving monodisperse shape by synthetic control or postsynthetic processing that relies on centrifugal sedimentation-based sorting schemes where differences in the particle mass and aspect ratios (e.g., rods and spheres) provide a driving force for separation. Here, we present a technique to reversibly modify the sedimentation coefficients of AuNPs possessing different shapes that would otherwise be virtually indistinguishable during centrifugal sedimentation due to their similar densities, masses, and aspect ratios by exploiting the preferential affinity of the surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for the Au(100) facet. The resulting tailored sedimentation coefficients enable AuNP shape sorting via density gradient centrifugation (DGC). DGC-refined populations of faceted AuNPs are shown to significantly enhance the growth rate of InAs nanowires when used as seed particles, emphasizing the importance of shape control for nanomaterials growth applications.
Under ice positioning and communications for unmanned vehicles (2013)

Unmanned “gliders” have demonstrated long endurance operations and are the platform of choice for broad scale meteorology and oceanography (METOC). With buoyancy engines, gliders can operate for months and have demonstrated success with common oceanographic sensors. Likewise low frequency acoustics have been used for basin scale tomography for many years. Together these technologies present a comprehensive tool for under-ice operations. Low frequency acoustics show promise as a method to locate undersea vehicles. This is especially valuable in the arctic environment where ice cover prohibits routine surfacing for GPS fixes. The overall capabilities of this combined system are presented in this paper. This paper builds upon demonstrated results in under-ice and open water environments to present a systematic vision of future capabilities. While the entire system, as discussed, has not been fielded under-ice, the component capabilities have been proven in field programs. Emerging technologies will improve the concept. The primary application will be navigation and telemetry for unmanned vehicles operating in ice covered waters. With effective navigation and telemetry, the demonstrated long endurance of unmanned gliders can be applied to regional environmental monitoring and offshore operational needs in the arctic and Antarctic. Underwater acoustic systems can provide geo-location and telemetry in ice-covered regions. Broadband sound sources with precision clocks can provide underwater navigation in the Arctic, with frequency and signals selected for the ranges of interest, which span tens to thousands of kilometres. Initial experiments in the Fram Strait in 2010 have shown the utility of the single-tube source for transmitting long-range communications and navigation signals. This paper presents results from these trials, and others, and assess the potential performance of a combined glider/acoustic system for under ice environmental monitoring.