gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The age-hardening characteristics of an Al-6061/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} metal matrix composite (1995)

Experiments were conducted to determine the age-hardening behavior of an Al-6061 metal matrix composite reinforced with {approximately}20 vol pct of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} microspheres and prepared using liquid metallurgy processing. The presence of alumina microspheres increases the dislocation density in the matrix of the composite in the as-quenched state and, by comparison with the monolithic alloy, this leads to a significant increase in the yield stress in the as-quenched and unaged condition. From measurements of the 0.2 pct proof stress, there is no evidence for any significant acceleration in the aging process in the composite material: both materials attain similar peak-aged conditions after essentially the same aging times. The microstructures of the composite and the monolithic alloy are similar in the peak-aged condition, with a high density of fine needlelike {beta}{double_prime} precipitates and, in the over-aged condition, with a reasonably homogeneous distribution of the rod-shaped {beta}{prime} phase. It is proposed that the aging behavior is better quantified by determining the yield stress rather than by taking hardness measurements.
Design, Simulation and Synthesis of an ASIC for Fractal Image Compression (1999)

In recent years, fractal encoding of image (using Iterated Function Systems) has emerged as a potent technique in the field of image compression. This method has comparable or sometimes better performance as compared to most others, specially, with respect to quality of reconstructed image and compression ratio. But most fractal encoding methods are very slow that prevent them from realtime processing of images. Since fractal encoding methods have ample data parallelism and spatial/temporal recurrence, there is lot of scope for designing efficient VLSI architectures for them. In this paper, we have selected a suitable encoding scheme and designed the VLSI architecture for it. The proposed architecture has been simulated and synthesized, using Verilog and Synergy of Cadence Design Tools. The architecture employs principles of pipelining and parellelism to enhance performance with respect to speed of compression. Simulation and synthesis results show good time performance for the proposed chip.
Dynamically reconfigurable system for LVQ-based on-chip learning and recognition (2016)

Artificial neural networks implement a simplified model of the human brain and thus specialize on pattern recognition. As an alternative to conventional single-instruction-multiple-data (SIMD) solutions with massive parallelism for self-organizing-map (SOM) neural network models, we report resource-efficient hardware architecture for 1-chip implementation of the learning vector quantization (LVQ) neural network algorithm, which is a variant of SOM. Dynamic configurability for two operation modes is realized through the same circuitry for recognition based on nearest-neighbor matching and on-chip learning based on error back-propagation. Switching between learning and recognition modes is carried out by a pipeline with multiplexers and parallel p-word input (P-MPPI). The multiplexers enable data-flow-path reconfiguration, resulting in a significant reduction of area and power consumption. Thus, the P-MPPI architecture achieves time-domain multiplexing between operation modes as well as area/energy-efficiency by reusing both memory arrays and arithmetic or logic units. Additionally, high flexibility for feature-vector dimension and reference-vector number allows the implementation of many different applications, including continuously adaptive neural systems, on the same hardware platform. A test chip in TSMC 65 nm CMOS has parallel 32-word inputs, 585 K-bit on-chip memory, and achieves high processing throughput of 76.8 Gbps and low power consumption of 27.92 mW (at 150 MHz, 1.0 V supply voltage).
Antibody Conjugation Technologies (2021)

A key quality attribute of any ADC is the mode of attachment of the linker-drug to the monoclonal antibody. Early generation technologies were based exclusively on one of two approaches, i.e. covalent bond formation with – abundantly available – lysine or cysteine sidechains. However, the need to develop ADCs with increased therapeutic index, and the insight that homogeneity, proper site selection, and stability all play a key role in this matter, has served as an inspiration for the development of a contemporary conjugation toolbox filled with alternative conjugation approaches. This chapter discusses in depth the state of the art in antibody conjugation, providing a comprehensive overview of technologies currently employed in clinical and late-stage preclinical ADC programs. The pros and cons of each technology are also discussed. Besides, a range of promising emerging technologies is highlighted, judged on their potential for application in next-generation ADCs.
Towards autonomous synthesis of building substation control loops (2016)

The main contribution of this paper is to study the feasibility of an automated approach to the assessment and synthesis of control loops in substations of a district heating and cooling system. The low-level controllers in substation are usually PID-type controllers and can not easily be changed. Moreover, the tuning of these controllers is often done in an ad-hoc manner and remains in the initial tuning despite changes in the substation over their operational life. Consequently, insufficient control performance due to false tuning can be misinterpreted as a hardware issue and lead to unnecessary replacement of parts.
“I don’t know what you mean by `I am anxious'”: A New Method for Evaluating Conversational Agent Responses to Standardized Mental Health Inputs for Anxiety and Depression (2022)

Conversational agents (CAs) are increasingly ubiquitous and are now commonly used to access medical information. However, we lack systematic data about the quality of advice such agents provide. This paper evaluates CA advice for mental health (MH) questions, a pressing issue given that we are undergoing a mental health crisis. Building on prior work, we define a new method to systematically evaluate mental health responses from CAs. We develop multi-utterance conversational probes derived from two widely used mental health diagnostic surveys, the PHQ-9 (Depression) and the GAD-7 (Anxiety). We evaluate the responses of two text-based chatbots and four voice assistants to determine whether CAs provide relevant responses and treatments. Evaluations were conducted both by clinicians and immersively by trained raters, yielding consistent results across all raters. Although advice and recommendations were generally low quality, they were better for Crisis probes and for probes concerning symptoms of Anxiety rather than Depression. Responses were slightly improved for text versus speech-based agents, and when CAs had access to extended dialogue context. Design implications include suggestions for improved responses through clarification sub-dialogues. Responses may also be improved by the incorporation of empathy although this needs to be combined with effective treatments or advice.
Antinociceptive activity of [beta-methyl-2', 6'-dimethyltyrosine(1)]-substituted cyclic [D-Pen(2), D-Pen(5)]Enkephalin and [D-Ala(2),Asp(4)]Deltorphin analogs. (2000)

Research in our laboratories involves the development of selective opioid agonists and antagonists as: 1) pharmacological tools to elucidate the mechanisms of opioid antinociception, and 2) potential analgesics that possess therapeutic advantages over currently available drugs. We hypothesized that the selectivity of peptide agonists toward the opioid receptor types and subtypes is topographically dependent. The current results assess the antinociceptive activity and opioid receptor selectivity of a series of beta-methyl-2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (TMT)-substituted cyclic [D-Pen(2),D-Pen(5)]enkephalin (DPDPE) and [D-Ala(2), Asp(4)]deltorphin (DELT I) analogs. Compounds were injected via the intracerebroventricular route into male ICR mice, and antinociception was assessed using the 55 degrees C warm water tail-flick test. Antinociceptive A(50) values ranged from 0.35 to 17 nmol for the DELT I analogs and from 7.05 to >100 nmol for the DPDPE analogs. To test for receptor selectivity, mice were treated with selective mu- and delta-opioid antagonists. In general, mu [beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA)]- and delta(1) ([D-Ala(2),Leu(5), Cys(6)] enkephalin)-antagonists blocked the antinociceptive actions of [TMT(1)]DPDPE analogs, whereas the antinociceptive actions of [TMT(1)]DELT I analogs were more sensitive to antagonism by the delta(2)-selective antagonist [Cys(4)]deltorphin and the mu-antagonist beta-FNA. The antinociceptive actions of the [(2R, 3S)-TMT(1)]DELT I analog was suppressed by both [D-Ala(2),Leu(5), Cys(6)]enkephalin and beta-FNA. These results are in contrast to those found with the parent molecules DPDPE (primarily a delta(1) agonist) and DELT I (a mixed delta(1)/delta(2) agonist). These results demonstrate that topographical modification in position 1 of the DPDPE and DELT I peptides affects antinociceptive potency and opioid receptor selectivity.
Physics and Optimization of Pasotron Microwave Sources (2005)

Abstract : The thrust of this research program was to improve the understanding of physics issues in the operation of the Pasotron, and to exploit this knowledge for improving the Pasotron's performance. Substantial improvement was demonstrated in all aspects of Pasotron performance. It is important to note that the Pasotron does not use guiding magnetic field, magnetic field power supply, filament or modulator that makes this device lightweight and, hence, suitable for airborne applications. The key to high power, high efficiency, pure spectrum operation is a controlled amount of plasma at the right location in the tube.
Correlations Analysis of Different Pelvic Tilt Definitions: A Preliminary Study (2022)

<i>Background:</i> Pelvic tilt (PT) is described as the pelvic orientation along the transverse axis, yet 4 PT definitions were established based on radiographic landmarks: anterior pelvic plane (PT<sub>a</sub>), the center of femoral heads to sacral plate (PT<sub>m</sub>), pelvic outlet (PT<sub>h</sub>), and sacral slope (SS). These landmarks quantify a similar concept, yet understanding of their relationships is lacking, and their differences are sometimes ignored. <i>Purpose</i>: This study aimed to examine the correlations and differences of PT definitions for education and research purposes. <i>Methods</i>: This study reviewed 105 sagittal pelvic radiographs of patients (68 men and 37 women) awaiting hip surgery at a single clinic. Hip hardware and spine pathologies were examined for subgroup analysis. Two observers annotated 4 PTs in a gender-dependent manner and repeated it after 6 months. The linear regression model and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) were applied with a 95% confidence interval. <i>Results</i>: The SS showed no correlation to the other 3 PT definitions, except for females in the hip hardware subgroup (n = 17). PT<sub>m</sub> demonstrated very strong linear correlation to PT<sub>h</sub> (<i>r</i> > 0.9) under the linear model PT<sub>m</sub> = 0.951 × PT<sub>h</sub> - 68.284. <i>Conclusion</i>: The PT<sub>m</sub> and PT<sub>h</sub> can be calculated from each other under a simple linear regression equation, which enables comparisons between them. SS presented poor correlations to the other PT parameters, except for the female subgroup with hip implant that required further analysis; PT<sub>a</sub>-related comparisons showed high anatomical variations between patients.
Combined In-Situ Sum Frequency Generation Vibrational Spectroscopy and Electrical Characterization of Organic Field Effect Devices (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Regulation of 130kDa smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase expression by an intronic CArG element (2013)

The mylk1 gene encodes a 220-kDa nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK), a 130-kDa smooth muscle MLCK (smMLCK), as well as the non-catalytic product telokin. Together, these proteins play critical roles in regulating smooth muscle contractility. Changes in their expression are associated with many pathological conditions; thus, it is important to understand the mechanisms regulating expression of mylk1 gene transcripts. Previously, we reported a highly conserved CArG box, which binds serum response factor, in intron 15 of mylk1. Because this CArG element is near the promoter that drives transcription of the 130-kDa smMLCK, we examined its role in regulating expression of this transcript. Results show that deletion of the intronic CArG region from a β-galactosidase reporter gene abolished transgene expression in mice in vivo. Deletion of the CArG region from the endogenous mylk1 gene, specifically in smooth muscle cells, decreased expression of the 130-kDa smMLCK by 40% without affecting expression of the 220-kDa MLCK or telokin. This reduction in 130-kDa smMLCK expression resulted in decreased phosphorylation of myosin light chains, attenuated smooth muscle contractility, and a 24% decrease in small intestine length that was associated with a significant reduction of Ki67-positive smooth muscle cells. Overall, these data show that the CArG element in intron 15 of the mylk1 gene is necessary for maximal expression of the 130-kDa smMLCK and that the 130-kDa smMLCK isoform is specifically required to regulate smooth muscle contractility and small intestine smooth muscle cell proliferation.
Evaluating the practical low speed limits for back-EMF tracking-based sensorless speed control using drive stiffness as a key metric (2009)

Although it is widely known that back-EMF tracking has a low speed limit, there is very little published literature evaluating this limit. This paper shows that the low speed limit is mainly a function of the amplitude of the inverter harmonics, which means that theory and simulation will provide erroneous results when inverter harmonics are not incorporated. This paper will also provide a method for evaluating this low speed limit using drive stiffness as the metric. The experimental results shows quantitatively how the drive stiffness suffers as speed decreases, which ultimately sets the practical low speed limit.
Robust real-time audiovisual face detection (2004)

This paper presents a face detection system that synergizes audio localization and visual face detection. This audiovisual face detection system is based on microphone sound localization, and image processing algorithms. The system integrates the application of sound localization by Time Delay of Arrival and the iterative application of Adaptive Background Segmentation, to robustly perform real-time face detection on a stream of webcam images. Experimental results using an array of 24 microphones and a fixed-view webcam, show that the audiovisual face detection system is able to perform face detection of success rate 97.5% at 0.82 seconds of convergence time, and 5.8Hz display frame rate, on a Pentium IV 2.5GHz.
Correction: Antioxidant properties of ALD grown nanoceria films with tunable valency (2019)

Correction for 'Antioxidant properties of ALD grown nanoceria films with tunable valency' by Ankur Gupta et al., Biomater. Sci., 2019, DOI: 10.1039/c9bm00397e.
Feasibility of Nerve-Sparing Prostate Cryosurgery: Applications and Limitations in a Canine Model (2005)

This is the first study investigating the feasibility of NVB preservation under controlled experimental conditions. In our canine model, NVB preservation with active warming was possible but not consistently reproducible. In some cases, NVB preservation with active warming may result in incomplete peripheral tissue ablation. A double, but not a single, freeze-thaw cycle induces complete and effective necrosis of prostatic tissue. These results have significant clinical applications when attempting nerve-sparing cryosurgical ablation of the prostate.
Adalimumab Therapy Reduces Hospitalization Rates in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis Among Initial Responders (2012)

Two double-blind, placebo-controlled trials (ULTRA 1 and 2) revealed that adalimumab (ADA) therapy significantly reduces hospitalization and non-significantly decreases colectomy rates in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC).1We assessed the effect of an ADA 160/80/40 mg treatment regimen on rate reduction of all-cause and UC-related hospitalization and colectomy in these 2 trials among initial ADA responders. The pooled dataset included 963 patients (480 ADA, 483 placebo [PBO]). Hospitalization and colectomy events were based on safety reports reviewed by 2 gastroenterologists who were blinded to treatment. Conservatively, hospitalizations from initial ADA non-responders (per Mayo score at Week 8) through Week 8 were counted, but were censored after Week 8 to reflect the clinical practice pattern of continuing treatment in initial ADA-responders. Rate and number of hospitalizations were compared between groups using personyear (PY)-based incidence rates (IRs) and Poisson regression, respectively; Z-tests were used to assess statistical differences.2 32% and 34% reductions in the number of patients hospitalized and number of hospitalizations for any reason, respectively, were observed with ADA therapy vs. PBO (Table, P < 0.05 for both comparisons). When UC-related hospitalizations were compared, reductions for rate (50%) and number (54%) of hospitalizations were both statistically significant. Initial ADA responders had a significantly lower rate of UC-related and all-cause hospitalization compared with PBO. Reduction of all-cause hospitalization is unique for ADA compared to any other anti-tumor necrosis factor agent. A lower, but non-significant colectomy rate was observed in patients receiving ADA vs. placebo.
FS/DS: A Theoretical Framework for the Dual Analysis of Feature Space and Data Space (2023)

With the surge of data-driven analysis techniques, there is a rising demand for enhancing the exploration of large high-dimensional data by enabling interactions for the joint analysis of features (i.e., dimensions). Such a dual analysis of the feature space and data space is characterized by three components, 1) a view visualizing feature summaries, 2) a view that visualizes the data records, and 3) a bidirectional linking of both plots triggered by human interaction in one of both visualizations, e.g., Linking & Brushing. Dual analysis approaches span many domains, e.g., medicine, crime analysis, and biology. The proposed solutions encapsulate various techniques, such as feature selection or statistical analysis. However, each approach establishes a new definition of dual analysis. To address this gap, we systematically reviewed published dual analysis methods to investigate and formalize the key elements, such as the techniques used to visualize the feature space and data space, as well as the interaction between both spaces. From the information elicited during our review, we propose a unified theoretical framework for dual analysis, encompassing all existing approaches extending the field. We apply our proposed formalization describing the interactions between each component and relate them to the addressed tasks. Additionally, we categorize the existing approaches using our framework and derive future research directions to advance dual analysis by including state-of-the-art visual analysis techniques to improve data exploration.
Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Results in Cytoplasmic Sequestration of p27 (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2, Table 1 from AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Results in Cytoplasmic Sequestration of p27
Crizotinib-induced osteitis mimicking bone metastasis in a stage IV ALK-rearranged NSCLC patient: a case report (2020)

This is the first report of crizotinib-induced osteitis. Crizotinib differs from other ALK inhibitors as it targets other kinases as well, which may have been responsible for the osteitis. Crizotinib can induce rapidly extensive osteitis, which can mimic tumor progression.
Capacitively Coupled Plasma With an Asymmetric Dielectric Plate (2011)

A 3-D plasma model is used to investigate the impact of an azimuthally asymmetric quartz plate on a capacitively coupled discharge in an otherwise symmetric chamber. Large azimuthal nonuniformity in electron density arises due to electrical asymmetry. In addition, ion angular distributions show a linkage between azimuthal and radial angles in regions away from the symmetry plane.
Near-surface seismic properties for elastic wavefield decomposition: Estimates based on multicomponent land and seabed recordings (2003)

Abstract Accurate knowledge of the seismic material properties in the immediate vicinity of the receivers represents a prerequisite for elastic wavefield decomposition. We present strategies for estimating the elastic material properties for both land and seabed multicomponent seismic data. The proposed scheme for land data requires dense multicomponent geophone configurations, which allow spatial wavefield derivatives to be explicitly calculated. The required information can be obtained with four three-component surface geophones positioned at the corners of a square, and a fifth geophone buried at a shallow depth below the center of the square. The technique yields local estimates of the near-surface P- and S-wave velocities, but the density cannot be constrained. Using a similar approach for four-component (three orthogonal components of particle velocity plus pressure) seabed recordings allows the P- and S-wave velocities as well as the density of the seafloor to be estimated. In this case, the proposed scheme does not require buried geophones, and it is applicable to multicomponent data recorded in routine seabed surveys. Compared to existing techniques, the new method allows the elastic sea-floor properties to be more accurately determined, and it does not rely critically on the inclusion of large-offset data. Numerical tests indicate that the proposed schemes are robust and yield accurate results, provided that the signal used for the inversion contains sufficient horizontal energy and can be clearly identified and separated from other signals. Although the schemes are designed for application on the first arrivals, they are, in principle, applicable to any data window containing isolated P- or S-arrivals. The proposed scheme is successfully applied to a seabed data set acquired in the North Sea. In contrast, the application on a multicomponent land data set was unsuccessful, because of strong receiver-to-receiver variations in amplitude and phase, probably caused by differences in coupling and instrument response.
Issues in Multiple Database Environmemnts (Panel). (1983)

Prevalences for different criteria vary between and within the settings which might be explained by varying functional status. The criteria used strongly affect prevalence and it may be preferable to look at each criterion separately as each may indicate a nutritional problem.