gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimization of Osmotic Dehydration of Seedless Guava ( Psidium guajava L.) in Sucrose Solution using Response Surface Methodology (2014)

Abstract In this study, osmotic dehydration of seedless guava was studied through response surface methodology. Seedless guava cubes were dehydrated in sucrose solution at different concentration (30–50% w/w), temperature (30–50°C) and immersion time (15–240 min) with respect to weight reduction, solid gain and water loss. A Box–Behnken design was used to determine the optimum processing conditions that yield maximum weight reduction, water loss and minimum solid gain. The models developed for all responses were significant (p&lt;0.05). The response surface plots were constructed to show the interaction of process variables. Optimum process conditions were found to be sucrose concentration of 33.79% w/w, temperature of 30.00°C and immersion time of 240 min through desirability function method. At these optimum points, weight reduction, solid gain and water loss were found to be 0.189 (gg −1 ), 0.050 (gg −1 ) and 0.237 (gg −1 ), respectively.
Deferred gratification (2011)

Implementing a new programming language system is a daunting task. A common trap is to punt on the design and engineering of exact garbage collection and instead opt for reference counting or conservative garbage collection (GC). For example, AppleScript™, Perl, Python, and PHP implementers chose reference counting (RC) and Ruby chose conservative GC. Although easier to get working, reference counting has terrible performance and conservative GC is inflexible and performs poorly when allocation rates are high. However, high performance GC is central to performance for managed languages and only becoming more critical due to relatively lower memory bandwidth and higher memory latency of modern architectures. Unfortunately, retrofitting support for high performance collectors later is a formidable software engineering task due to their exact nature. Whether they realize it or not, implementers have three routes: (1) forge ahead with reference counting or conservative GC, and worry about the consequences later; (2) build the language on top of an existing managed runtime with exact GC, and tune the GC to scripting language workloads; or (3) engineer exact GC from the ground up and enjoy the correctness and performance benefits sooner rather than later.
Use of the random amplified polymorphic DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR) to detect DNA polymorphisms in aphids (Homoptera: Aphididae) (1992)

Abstract We have used a new technique to identify discrete genetic markers in aphids, a family in which biochemical and morphological genetic polymorphisms are rare. The new technique uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify random regions of aphid genomes (random amplified polymorphic DNA) and has been termed RAPD-PCR. We demonstrate the use of the technique in revealing genetic variation in four aphid species, the greenbug ( Schizaphis graminum (Rondani)), the Russian wheat aphid ( Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko)), the pea aphid ( Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris)), and the brown ambrosia aphid ( Uroleucon ambrosiae (Thomas)). In contrast with allozyme surveys, RAPD-PCR revealed large amounts of genetic variation among individuals in each of these species. Variation was detected among biotypes, populations, colour morphs and even individuals on a single plant. We also explored the utility of RAPD-PCR in the detection and identification within aphid bodies of two endoparasitic wasps, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) and Lysiphlebus testaceipes (Cresson). The use of RAPD-PCR in species diagnostics, parasitoid detection, and population studies is discussed.
ILC2 memory: Recollection of previous activation (2018)

Immunological memory, traditionally thought to belong to T and B cells, has now been extended to innate lymphocytes, including NK cells and ILC2s, myeloid cells such as macrophages, also termed "trained immunity" and more recently to epithelial stem cells. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms underlying memory generation on ILC2s and speculate about their potential role in human allergic diseases, such as asthma. Moreover, we examine the relevance of the spontaneous ILC2 activation in the lung during the neonatal period in order to efficiently respond to stimuli later in life. These "training" of neonatal ILC2s may have an impact on the generation of memory ILC2s in the adulthood.
Dual-frequency ultrasound-mediated delivery of rapamycin from microbubbles decreases drug dose needed to reduce neointima formation in vivo (2011)

Ultrasound-mediated drug delivery from microbubbles has been investigated as an alternative therapy for hyper-proliferation of cells connected to the process of restenosis (re-occlusion of blood vessels). In this study, rats underwent arterial balloon injury to induce neointima formation - a hyper-proliferation of smooth muscle cells. High (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> ) or low (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> ) doses of microbubbles carrying rapamycin (anti-proliferative drug) were injected via the jugular vein. Acoustic radiation force (1.2 MHz, 65kPa, 100% duty cycle) and contrast-destruction pulses (5MHz, 1.5 MPa, 0.5% duty cycle) were applied focally to enhance drug delivery to the arteries. The addition of acoustic radiation force enhanced drug-mimicking DiI delivery by 90% compared to burst ultrasound alone. Applying both modes of ultrasound using a low dose of microbubbles resulted in a 35.9% reduction in neointima formation, compared to a 34.9% reduction from a high dose of microbubbles without ultrasound. These results validate the ability of ultrasound to provide equivalent drug delivery at 10% of the original dose, and thereby enhancing the “therapeutic window” of targeted drug therapy.
Comité Scientifique Avis en réponse à la saisine HCB – dossier BE-2015-1251. Paris, le 18 décembre 2015 (2015)

Le Haut Conseil des biotechnologies (HCB) a été saisi le 7 octobre 2015 par les autorités compétentes françaises (le ministère de l’Agriculture, de l’Agroalimentaire et de la Forêt) d’une demande d’avis relative au dossier EFSA-GMO-BE-2015-125 de demande d’autorisation de mise sur le marché du maïs génétiquement modifié MON 87403 à des fins d’importation, transformation, alimentation humaine et animale. Ce dossier a été déposé par la société Monsanto auprès des autorités compétentes belges sur le fondement du règlement (CE) n° 1829/2003. Dans le cadre de ce règlement, l’évaluation des dossiers de demande de mise sur le marché est confiée à l’Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments (EFSA). Les Etats membres disposent de trois mois pour envoyer leurs commentaires à l’EFSA en contribution à l’évaluation du dossier. Dans ce contexte, le HCB est invité à proposer des commentaires à destination de l’EFSA au plus tard le 28 décembre 2015. Le Comité scientifique (CS)2 du HCB a examiné le dossier en séance du 16 décembre 2015 sous la présidence de Jean-Christophe Pagès. Le présent avis a été adopté par voie électronique le 18 décembre 2015 et publié le 28 décembre 2015.
Su Arıtımı İçin Etkili Bir Yöntem Olarak Kapasitif Deiyonizasyon Teknolojisinin Geliştirilmesi (2017)

zet: Son yllarda, kapasitif deiyonizasyon (KDI) ad verilen ve kapasitrler aracl ile sudan iyonlarn giderilmesi amacyla gelitirilen bu teknoloji su artm iin kullanlan yeni teknolojiler arasnda ne
Relay Node Security (2012)

Relay nodes (RNs) are base stations that are connected to the core network via a wireless link. This chapter briefly introduces the basic architecture selected by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for the deployment of RNs in long term evolution (LTE). It discusses the security solution for RNs in detail. In the process of selecting an architecture for RNs in LTE, an important goal was maximizing the commonality between the Uu interface and the Un interface. The selection of a security solution for RNs by 3GPP was a very complex task, and more than a dozen different proposals were put forward. The chapter gives a description of the security procedures for phases I and II, which include communication with the network. Controlled Vocabulary Terms base stations; long term evolution; relays; security
Interference management and capacity analysis for mm-wave picocells in\n urban canyons (2019)

Millimeter (mm) wave picocellular networks are a promising approach for\ndelivering the 1000-fold capacity increase required to keep up with projected\ndemand for wireless data: the available bandwidth is orders of magnitude larger\nthan that in existing cellular systems, and the small carrier wavelength\nenables the realization of highly directive antenna arrays in compact form\nfactor, thus drastically increasing spatial reuse. In this paper, we carry out\nan interference analysis for mm-wave picocells in an urban canyon with a dense\ndeployment of base stations. Each base station sector can serve multiple\nsimultaneous users, which implies that both intra- and inter-cell interference\nmust be managed. We propose a \\textit{cross-layer} approach to interference\nmanagement based on (i) suppressing interference at the physical layer and (ii)\nmanaging the residual interference at the medium access control layer. We\nprovide an estimate of network capacity and establish that 1000-fold increase\nrelative to conventional LTE cellular networks is indeed feasible.\n
Ectopic Expression of Col2.3 and Col3.6 Promoters in the Brain and Association with Leptin Signaling (2011)

The collagen 2.3 and 3.6 promoters have been used to drive Cre expression for generation of conditional transgenic mutant mice. Within the bone, Col3.6 is expressed by mesenchymal precursor cells and their downstream progeny, while Col2.3 is more osteoblast specific. Our generation of transgenic mice with Col2.3-Cre- and Col3.6-Cre-driven deletion of the long-form leptin receptor (ObRb) necessitated a thorough analysis of the nonspecific expression of these promoters in the central nervous system. Both Col2.3 and Col3.6 were capable of forcing loxP recombination in the brain as demonstrated by EGFP expression in ROSA reporter mice. Expression of Col2.3 was limited to the central base of the brain near the third ventricle. In contrast, robust expression of Col3.6 was noted throughout the brain, centering near the distal third ventricle, third ventricle, and aqueduct. We subsequently analyzed the colocalization of leptin-responsive P-Stat3 neurons with Col3.6-expressing neurons. Approximately 5-10% colocalization was noted in leptin-responsive brain areas such as the arcuate nucleus, dorsal medial hypothalamus, ventral premammillary nucleus, and lateral hypothalamus. Injection of 3.6(Cre+F/F) ObRb knockout mice with leptin confirmed the presence of an intact P-Stat3 response that was dampened in the lateral hypothalamus (p < 0.050). This test was done to explore the contribution of neural leptin signaling to the bone phenotype of the 3.6(Cre+F/F) mice. Our analysis indicates that neural ObRb deletion, while present, is likely not the sole driver of femoral changes through traditional sympathetic circuits.
Gruppstorlekens effekt på människans vaksamhet vid förtäring (2009)

Vid förtäring tenderar både människa och djur att göra små pauser för att läsa av sin närmiljö. Dessa pauser har visat sig ha en negativ korrelation till hur många individer som finns i en grupp. För att fastställa resultat från tidigare forskning på människor och möjligtvis utreda fenomenet genomfördes en observationsstudie på olika platser i södra Sverige där matservering förekom. Sammanlagt 48 individer ingick i studien, deras tid och frekvens av avläsning i närmiljö registrerades för att sedan sammanställas med information om gruppstorlek och könstillhörighet. Studien hade inte för avsikt att finna orsaker till fenomenet men förklaringsmodeller tas upp och redovisas för ökad förståelse av forskningsområdet. Resultatet av observationerna kunde visa på ett signifikant samband mellan gruppstorlek och tid/frekvens av vaksamhet. Inga signifikanta skillnader mellan män och kvinnor kunde påvisas.
Comparison of Vibrating Mesh and Jet Nebulizers During Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2021)

Background: Advances in aerosol technology have improved drug delivery efficiency during noninvasive ventilation (NIV). Clinical evaluation of the efficacy of aerosol therapy during NIV in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is very limited. The aim of our study was to compare the efficacy of bronchodilators administered through a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) and jet nebulizer (JN) during NIV in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD. Methods: Prospective randomized cross-over study included 30 patients treated with NIV for acute exacerbation of COPD in an acute care hospital. Patients were consented and enrolled after stabilization of acute exacerbation (3–5 days after admission). Subjects were randomly assigned into two treatment arms receiving salbutamol (2.5 mg): with VMN (Aerogen Solo) and JN (Sidestream) positioned between the leak port and the nonvented oronasal mask during bilevel ventilation with a single-limb circuit. Measurements (clinical data, pulmonary function tests [PFTs], and arterial blood gases) were performed at baseline, 1, and 2 hours after treatment. Results: All measured PFT parameters significantly increased in both groups, but numerically results were better after inhalation with VMN than with JN: for forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) (mean increase from baseline to 120 minutes—165 ± 64 mL vs. 116 ± 46 mL, p = 0.001) and for forced vital capacity (FVC) (mean increase—394 ± 154 mL vs. 123 ± 57 mL, p < 0.001). There was also a statistically significant reduction in respiratory rate and in Borg dyspnea score after therapy with VMN in comparison with the conventional JN. In both groups, there were improvements in PaCO2, but with VMN these changes were significantly higher. Conclusion: Bronchodilator administration in patients with acute exacerbation of COPD during NIV with VMN resulted in clinically significant improvements in FVC and in Borg dyspnea score. Additional studies required to determine the impact on clinical outcomes.
Annealing effect on spin-dependent transport phenomena in Co-Al-O granular thin films (1999)

The tunnel-type giant magnetoresistance(GMR) in insulating granular systems, e.g. CO-AI-0 sputtered films, have attracted much attention from fundamental points of view.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Species That Can React with Benzene Are Dicationic (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis, Derivatization and Photochemical Control of an ortho‐Functionalized Tetrafluorinated Azobenzene‐Modified siRNA (2022)

We report the synthesis of an ortho-functionalized tetrafluorinated azobenzene phosphoramidite for its site-specific incorporation into RNA. The tetrafluorinated azobenzene is embedded within the antisense strand of an siRNA duplex to form an ortho-functionalized tetrafluorinated azobenzene-containing siRNA (F-siRNAzo). The F-siRNAzo is inactivated via trans to cis conversion with green light (530 nm), and reactivated with blue light (470 nm) via cis to trans conversion in cell culture. The long half-life and stability of the tetrafluorinated azobenzene unit allows for reversible control of the F-siRNAzo in cell culture for up 72 hours.
Characterization of anti-DNA B cells that escape negative selection (1999)

One of the challenges in the study of autoimmunity is to understand which autoreactive cells are subject to regulation and what mechanisms of regulation are operative. In mice transgenic for the R4A-gamma2b heavy chain of an anti-double stranded (ds) DNA antibody, the gamma2b heavy chain can pair with the full spectrum of endogenous light chains to produce a multitude of antibodies, including anti-dsDNA antibodies of different affinities and fine specificities. We have previously demonstrated the existence of two populations of anti-DNA B cells in non-autoimmune hosts: a high-affinity population which is rendered anergic in vivo, and a second high-affinity population which is deleted. We have now identified a third population of dsDNA-binding B cells. These cells produce germ-line-encoded antibodies with an apparent affinity for dsDNA that is 1 to 4 logs lower than the apparent affinities of antibodies made by anergic or deleted B cells, and represent a non-tolerized population which escapes regulation. Based on its characterization, we can define a molecular threshold for tolerance induction, and can speculate on the fate of these B cells when they are recruited to an immune response and undergo somatic mutation to become high-affinity anti-DNA B cells.
Self-organizing networks in 3GPP: standardization and future trends (2014)

Self-Organizing Networks (SON) is a common term for mobile network automation, critical to the cost-efficient deployment, operation and maintenance of mobile networks. This article provides an overview of SON standardization in 3GPP, including both existing and planned functionalities. It also provides an operator perspective on the relevance and use of 3GPP SON functionalities at different stages of the network design-and-operations cycle. In the long-term it is envisaged that automation will become a natural component in network operations, although the success of SON will depend on automation’s benefits in relation to its cost.
Willgerodt‐Kindler′s Microwave‐Enhanced Synthesis of Thioamide Derivatives. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
On the Limits of Communication Performance with One-Bit Analog-To-Digital Conversion (2006)

As communication systems scale up in speed and bandwidth, the power consumption and cost of high-precision (e.g., 6-12 bits) analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) becomes the limiting factor in modern receiver architectures based on digital signal processing. In this paper, we consider the effects of lowering the precision of the ADC on the performance of the communication link. We focus on the most extreme scenario, in which the receiver employs one-bit ADC at baseband. While this constraint impacts every aspect of design ranging from synchronization and channel estimation to demodulation and decoding, in this initial exposition, we focus on the Shannon-theoretic limits imposed by one-bit ADC for an ideal discrete-time real baseband additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Results are obtained both for non-spread and spread spectrum systems. While binary phase shift keying (BPSK) is optimal in a non-spread system, we obtain less predictable results for spread spectrum system, including the sub-optimality of BPSK and non-monotonicity of mutual information with signal-to-noise ratio for a fixed constellation
Reprogramming NK cells and macrophages via combined antibody and cytokine therapy primes tumors for elimination by checkpoint blockade (2021)

Treatments aiming to augment immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer often focus on T cell immunity, but innate immune cells may have important roles to play. Here, we demonstrate a single-dose combination treatment (termed AIP) using a pan-tumor-targeting antibody surrogate, half-life-extended interleukin-2 (IL-2), and anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), which primes tumors to respond to subsequent ICB and promotes rejection of large established tumors in mice. Natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages activated by AIP treatment underwent transcriptional reprogramming; rapidly killed cancer cells; governed the recruitment of cross-presenting dendritic cells (DCs) and other leukocytes; and induced normalization of the tumor vasculature, facilitating further immune infiltration. Thus, innate cell-activating therapies can initiate critical steps leading to a self-sustaining cycle of T cell priming driven by ICB.
Endosonografie des Colons zur Differenzierung von Morbus Crohn und Colitis ulcerosa im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen – eine prospektive, verblindete, vergleichende Studie (2011)

Einleitung: Bei einigen Patienten mit chronisch entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen (CED) kann eine Differenzierung zwischen Morbus Crohn (MC) und Colitis ulcerosa (CU) schwierig sein. Neue Echoendoskope liefern hochauflösende Bilder der Wandung des Gastrointestinaltraktes (GIT), wobei bisher bei fehlender Zulassung nur wenig Erfahrung in der Beurteilung des Kolons besteht. Ziel dieser prospektiv, verblindeten Studie war es, erstmals die Wandschichtung im unteren GIT Σ bei Patienten mit CED im Vergleich zu gesunden Kontrollen (HC) zu prüfen und eine Differenzierbarkeit von MC und UC zu evaluieren.
Fully Reconfigurable Silicon Photonic Lattice Filters with Four Cascaded Unit Cells (2010)

We present a fully-reconfigurable CMOS-compatible silicon-photonic lattice-filter with four cascaded unit cells consisting of resonant rings and Mach-Zehnder interferometers. The measurements show high-quality filter responses including IIR and FIR filter characteristics matching theoretical predictions.
The Paradox of TiCl4 Reducing Power: Pinacol Coupling and Two‐Carbon Homologation of Carbonyl Compounds. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Contribution of the C-terminal region within the catalytic core domain of HIV-1 integrase to yeast lethality, chromatin binding and viral replication (2008)

Overall, this study demonstrates that three mutations located in the C-terminal region of the catalytic core domain of HIV-1 IN inhibit the IN-induced lethal phenotype in yeast by inhibiting the binding of IN to the host chromatin. These results demonstrate that the C-terminal region of the catalytic core domain of HIV-1 IN is important for binding to host chromatin and is crucial for both viral replication and the promotion of the IN-induced lethal phenotype in yeast.
Design of the APIC: A high performance ATM host-network interface chip (2002)

We present the design of a high performance ATM host-network interface for multimedia workstations and servers. At Washington University, as part of an ARPA-sponsored gigabit local ATM testbed, we are building a prototype of this interface that can support a sustained aggregate bidirectional data rate of 2.4 Gbps. The centerpiece of our interface design is a custom chip called the APIC (ATM port interconnect controller). Multiple such chips can be interconnected to yield a desk-area network (DAN) which would serve as a high speed I/O interconnect for the host computer. This paper details the internal design of the APIC chip, and outlines some of its key features. Noteworthy among these are: connection caching, transmit pacing, cell batching, remote control, and support for AAL-0, AAL-5, multipoint, and loopback connections. We have chosen to defer to a later paper the details pertaining to several other features which provide support for zero-copy, improved interrupt handling, direct control of the chip from user-space, and efficient buffering and demultiplexing.