gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal annealing of thin films using fiber lasers via the spot-beam annealing method (2022)

In this paper, we show via transient thermal analysis that the use of ultra-high-frequency high-power fiber lasers as implemented in the spot-beam annealing method makes it possible to (1) flexibly induce and mimic the overall annealing conditions that were accomplished previously using various other types of lasers, and (2) engineer and leverage the periodic and highly transient thermal spikes that arise due to the individual laser pulses. We point out and discuss how such annealing characteristics may be well-suited for optimally inducing structural/topological relaxation and compositional short-range ordering of amorphous thin films, as for instance are presumably involved in annealing of amorphous IGZO films on high-temperature-processing-intolerant glass/plastic substrates for fabricating stable oxide TFTs for AMOLED displays.
Common genetic variation at the IL1RL1 locus regulates IL-33/ST2 signaling (2020)

The suppression of tumorigenicity 2/IL-33 (ST2/IL-33) pathway has been implicated in several immune and inflammatory diseases. ST2 is produced as 2 isoforms. The membrane-bound isoform (ST2L) induces an immune response when bound to its ligand, IL-33. The other isoform is a soluble protein (sST2) that is thought to be a decoy receptor for IL-33 signaling. Elevated sST2 levels in serum are associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular disease. We investigated the determinants of sST2 plasma concentrations in 2,991 Framingham Offspring Cohort participants. While clinical and environmental factors explained some variation in sST2 levels, much of the variation in sST2 production was driven by genetic factors. In a genome-wide association study (GWAS), multiple SNPs within IL1RL1 (the gene encoding ST2) demonstrated associations with sST2 concentrations. Five missense variants of IL1RL1 correlated with higher sST2 levels in the GWAS and mapped to the intracellular domain of ST2, which is absent in sST2. In a cell culture model, IL1RL1 missense variants increased sST2 expression by inducing IL-33 expression and enhancing IL-33 responsiveness (via ST2L). Our data suggest that genetic variation in IL1RL1 can result in increased levels of sST2 and alter immune and inflammatory signaling through the ST2/IL-33 pathway.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Ethyl (E)‐7‐Acetoxy‐4‐oxo‐2‐octenoate: The Key Synthon of Pyrenophorin. (1987)

Abstract The title compound (V) is synthesized starting from the reaction between furan (I) and the iodide (II).
Enhancement of Photoluminescence by Photonic Crystal Scattering and Nanocrystalline Surface Scattering From Y2O3:Tb3+ Film Phosphors (2011)

Thin film phosphors (TFPs) are generally less efficient than powder phosphors because a large fraction of the light generated within the film is lost by the wave-guiding effect. This study examined the effects of the grain size of sol-gel derived nanocrystalline Y 2 O 3 :Tb 3+ TFPs on the extraction efficiency of emission light and the absorption of UV excitation light caused by Bragg scattering from an over-coated two-dimensional (2D) polystyrene (PS) photonic crystal layer (PCL). The total scattering enhancement of the integrated photoluminescence (PL) efficiency from the 20 mol % Li-doped TFP modified with the 580 nm 2D PS was 9.3 times higher than that of pure flat Y 2 O 3 :Tb 3+ . This was attributed to a combination of increased emission in the anomalous surface scattering enhancement of nanocrystalline films, and both emission and excitation in the Bragg scattering enhancement of 2D PCLs.
Interaction-aware Decision Making with Adaptive Strategies under Merging Scenarios (2019)

In order to drive safely and efficiently under merging scenarios, autonomous vehicles should be aware of their surroundings and make decisions by interacting with other road participants. Moreover, different strategies should be made when the autonomous vehicle is interacting with drivers having different level of cooperativeness. Whether the vehicle is on the merge-lane or main-lane will also influence the driving maneuvers since drivers will behave differently when they have the right-of-way than otherwise. Many traditional methods have been proposed to solve decision making problems under merging scenarios. However, these works either are incapable of modeling complicated interactions or require implementing hand-designed rules which cannot properly handle the uncertainties in real-world scenarios. In this paper, we proposed an interaction-aware decision making with adaptive strategies (IDAS) approach that can let the autonomous vehicle negotiate the road with other drivers by leveraging their cooperativeness under merging scenarios. A single policy is learned under the multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) setting via the curriculum learning strategy, which enables the agent to automatically infer other drivers' various behaviors and make decisions strategically. A masking mechanism is also proposed to prevent the agent from exploring states that violate common sense of human judgment and increase the learning efficiency. An exemplar merging scenario was used to implement and examine the proposed method.
Association of Biomarker Cutoffs and Endoscopic Outcomes in Crohn’s Disease: A Post Hoc Analysis From the CALM Study (2020)

Abstract Background CALM was a randomized phase 3 trial in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) that demonstrated improved endoscopic outcomes when treatment was escalated based on cutoffs for inflammatory biomarkers, fecal calprotectin (FC), C-reactive protein (CRP), and CD Activity Index (CDAI) remission vs CDAI response alone. The purpose of this post hoc analysis of CALM was to identify drivers of treatment escalation and evaluate the association between biomarker cutoff concentrations and endoscopic end points. Methods The proportion of patients achieving CD Endoscopic Index of Severity (CDEIS) &amp;lt;4 and no deep ulcers 48 weeks after randomization was evaluated according to CRP &amp;lt;5 mg/L or ≥5 mg/L and FC &amp;lt;250 μg/g or ≥250 μg/g. Subgroup analyses were performed according to disease location, and sensitivity analyses were conducted in patients with elevated CRP and/or FC at baseline. The association between endoscopic end points and biomarker cutoffs was performed using χ 2 test. Results The proportion of patients who achieved the primary end point CDEIS &amp;lt;4 and no deep ulcers was significantly greater for those with FC &amp;lt;250 µg/g (74%; P &amp;lt; 0.001), with an additive effect for CRP &amp;lt;5 mg/L. The association of FC &amp;lt;250 µg/g with improved endoscopic outcomes was independent of disease location, although the greatest association was observed for ileocolonic disease. Fecal calprotectin &amp;lt;250 µg/g, CRP &amp;lt;5 mg/L, and CDAI &amp;lt;150 gave a sensitivity/specificity of 72%/63% and positive/negative predictive values of 86%/42% for CDEIS &amp;lt;4 and no deep ulcers 48 weeks after randomization. Conclusion This post hoc analysis of CALM demonstrated that a cutoff of FC &amp;lt;250 µg/g is a useful surrogate marker for mucosal healing in CD.
18‐Crown‐6 Additive to Enhance Performance and Durability in Solution‐Processed Halide Perovskite Electronics (2022)

Recently, an "interlayer" has been often adopted in organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs). The term "interlayer" infers that the layer function is not clear, but it improves electroluminescence (EL) performance. In this respect, it is of interest to determine the exact role of the interlayer and how it works in PeLEDs. In this study, the interlayer is determined to play a crucial role in suppressing the chemical reaction between the metal oxide and hybrid perovskite layers. Nevertheless, the use of an interlayer, a wide gap insulator, does not guarantee the best PeLED performance because it hinders charge injection into the emission layer. Here, a method is proposed that does not apply an "interlayer" but enables simultaneous attainment of high EL performance and outstanding device stability. 18-crown 6-ether (18C6) additive (2.5 mg mL<sup>-1</sup> ) is found to fully suppress the chemical reaction between the metal oxide and hybrid perovskite layers. With the 18C6 additive, an 82-fold longer device lifetime and very low operating voltage (3.2 V at 10 000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> ) are demonstrated in a PeLED.
ChemInform Abstract: Layered Compounds BaM2Ge4Ch6 (M: Rh, Ir and Ch: S, Se) with Pyrite‐Type Building Blocks and Ge—Ch Heteromolecule‐Like Anions. (2014)

Abstract The title compounds are prepared from mixtures of Rh or Ir, BaS or BaSe, Ge, and S or Se (h‐BN capsule, 5 GPa, 1473 K, 2 h).
Dysfunctional Light-Evoked Regulation of cAMP in Photoreceptors and Abnormal Retinal Adaptation in Mice Lacking Dopamine D4 Receptors (2002)

Dopamine is a retinal neuromodulator that has been implicated in many aspects of retinal physiology. Photoreceptor cells express dopamine D4 receptors that regulate cAMP metabolism. To assess the effects of dopamine on photoreceptor physiology, we examined the morphology, electrophysiology, and regulation of cAMP metabolism in mice with targeted disruption of the dopamine D4 receptor gene. Photoreceptor morphology and outer segment disc shedding after light onset were normal in D4 knock-out (D4KO) mice. Quinpirole, a dopamine D2/D3/D4 receptor agonist, decreased cAMP synthesis in retinas of wild-type (WT) mice but not in retinas of D4KO mice. In WT retinas, the photoreceptors of which were functionally isolated by incubation in the presence of exogenous glutamate, light also suppressed cAMP synthesis. Despite the similar inhibition of cAMP synthesis, the effect of light is directly on the photoreceptors and independent of dopamine modulation, because it was unaffected by application of the D4 receptor antagonist l-745,870. Nevertheless, compared with WT retinas, basal cAMP formation was reduced in the photoreceptors of D4KO retinas, and light had no additional inhibitory effect. The results suggest that dopamine, via D4 receptors, normally modulates the cascade that couples light responses to adenylyl cyclase activity in photoreceptor cells, and the absence of this modulation results in dysfunction of the cascade. Dark-adapted electroretinogram (ERG) responses were normal in D4KO mice. However, ERG b-wave responses were greatly suppressed during both light adaptation and early stages of dark adaptation. Thus, the absence of D4 receptors affects adaptation, altering transmission of light responses from photoreceptors to inner retinal neurons. These findings indicate that dopamine D4 receptors normally play a major role in regulating photoreceptor cAMP metabolism and adaptive retinal responses to changing environmental illumination.
Representation, simplification and display of fractional powers of\n rational numbers in computer algebra (2013)

Simplification of fractional powers of positive rational numbers and of sums,\nproducts and powers of such numbers is taught in beginning algebra. Such\nnumbers can often be expressed in many ways, as this article discusses in some\ndetail. Since they are such a restricted subset of algebraic numbers, it might\nseem that good simplification of them must already be implemented in all widely\nused computer algebra systems. However, the algorithm taught in beginning\nalgebra uses integer factorization, which can consume unacceptable time for the\nlarge numbers that often arise within computer algebra. Therefore some systems\napparently use various ad hoc techniques that can return an incorrect result\nbecause of not simplifying to 0 the difference between two equivalent such\nexpressions. Even systems that avoid this flaw often do not return the same\nresult for all equivalent such input forms, or return an unnecessarily bulky\nresult that does not have any other compensating useful property. This article\nidentifies some of these deficiencies, then describes the advantages and\ndisadvantages of various alternative forms and how to overcome the deficiencies\nwithout costly integer factorization.\n
Evaluation of Extended Infusion Set Performance in Adults with Type 1 Diabetes: Infusion Set Survival Rate and Glycemic Outcomes from a Pivotal Trial (2022)

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Standard insulin infusion sets (IISs) are to be replaced every 2 to 3 days to avoid complications and diabetic ketosis due to set failure. This pivotal trial evaluated the safety and performance of a new extended-wear infusion set (EIS) when used for 7 days by adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This single-arm, nonrandomized trial enrolled adults (18-80 years of age) with T1D, who used their own MiniMed™ 670G system with insulin lispro or insulin aspart and the EIS for up to 7 days, across 12 consecutive wears. Safety endpoints included incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs), serious adverse device effects (SADEs), unanticipated adverse device effects (UADEs), severe hypoglycemia (SevHypo), severe hyperglycemia (SevHyper), diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), and skin infection. The EIS failure rate due to unexplained hyperglycemia (i.e., suspected occlusion), the overall EIS survival rate, glycemic control outcomes (i.e., A1C, mean sensor glucose and time spent in established glucose ranges), total daily insulin delivered, and satisfaction with the EIS were determined. <b><i>Results:</i></b> The intention to treat population (<i>n</i> = 259, 48% men, 45.0 ± 14.1 years) wore a total of 3041 EIS devices. No SADE, UADE, or DKA events was reported. Overall rates of SAEs, SevHypo, SevHyper, and skin infection were 3.8, 2.5, 104.1, and 20.1 events per 100 participant-years. The rate of EIS failure due to unexplained hyperglycemia at the end of day 7 was 0.1% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.03-0.51) and 0.4% (95% CI: 0.16-1.00) for insulin lispro and aspart use, respectively. Overall EIS survival rate at the end of day 7 was 77.8% (95% CI: 76.2-79.3), glycemic control did not change, and participants reported greater satisfaction with the EIS compared with standard IISs worn before the study (<i>P</i> < 0.001). <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> This investigation demonstrates that the EIS, when worn for up to 7 days, was safe and rated with high satisfaction, without adversely affecting glycemic control in adults with T1D. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04113694 (https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04113694).
Low-Temperature Oxidation-Sintering Behaviors of Cu Fine Particles (2023)

Cu fine-particle paste is a promising material to form a low-cost interconnect for flexible electronics devices. It has been reported that Cu particles can be sintered at low temperature (well below the half of the melting point) through two-step heat treatment processes of oxidation and reduction. However, the mechanism of the low temperature sintering is not clear yet. In this study, we investigated the oxidation sintering process of Cu fine particles by thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) in the temperature range of 200°C∼300°C, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and microstructural observation. It was found from TGA that the oxidation process was initially rate-controlled by surface reaction and then by Cu diffusion at grain boundaries of Cu2O. Transmission electron microscopy observation revealed the formation of a core (Cu)-shell (Cu2O) structure during the oxidation process. The adjacent Cu2O shells were bonded to each other resulting in a cross-linked structure. The subsequent reduction process led to the formation of a porous structure by oxygen removal, but the cross-linked structure was maintained, which would make the low-temperature sintered Cu body as robust as solidified solder and sintered Ag paste.
Olivine‐Type Cathodes for Lithium Batteries (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction Methodology Results and Discussions
Inter-channel rate control method for H.264/AVC multi-channel video encoder (2012)

This paper describes an inter-channel rate control method for an H.264/AVC multi-channel video encoder. The proposed method makes it possible to encode each video to the same subjective image quality by adaptively changing the encoders' target bit rates in accordance with the characteristics of each video. At BD-bitrate it improves the coding efficiency obtained with constant bit rate coding by about 7.04 %.
On Improved Commutation for Moving-Magnet Planar Actuators (2023)

The demand for high-precision and high-throughput motion control systems has increased significantly in recent years. The use of moving-magnet planar actuators (MMPAs) is gaining popularity due to their advantageous characteristics, such as complete environmental decoupling and reduction of stage mass. Nonetheless, model-based commutation techniques for MMPAs are compromised by misalignment between the mover and coil array and mismatch between the ideal electromagnetic model and the physical system, often leading to decreased system performance. To address this issue, a novel improved commutation approach is proposed in this paper\YB{, which is applicable for general planar motor applications,} by means of dynamic regulation of the position dependence of the ideal model-based commutation algorithm, which allows for attenuation of magnetic misalignment, manufacturing inaccuracies and other unmodelled phenomena. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated through experiments using a state-of-the-art moving-magnet planar actuator prototype.
Indium(III) Chloride Promoted Highly Efficient Tandem Rearrangement–α-Addition Strategy towards the Synthesis of α-Hydroxyamides (2016)

A new tandem process is reported that provides access to α-hydroxyamides from epoxides for the first time. Herein, we explore ­InCl<sub>3</sub>-mediated tandem rearrangement of epoxides to aldehydes and α-addition of TosMIC to in situ derived aldehydes. An unprecedented C–C bond-forming reaction is disclosed that features mild conditions, high yields, and shorter reaction times.
Reading similarity measure based on comparison of fixation sequences (2015)

The eye movement is an important source of information for the reading analysis. We propose a method for computing a similarity measure between two fixation sequences. In order to estimate the effectiveness of the similarity measure, we investigate whether a high similarity is obtained when two subjects read the same document. A F1score of 0.92 is obtained for retrieving the same document based on the reading similarity.
Coil Embolization of a Giant Renal Artery Aneurysm (2013)

Renal artery aneurysms (RAAs) are rare but harbor serious consequences if they rupture. When determining if a RAA should be treated, physicians consider aneurysm size as it pertains to the likelihood of rupture. Giant RAAs have rarely been reported in the literature and have usually been managed by open aneurysmectomy and nephrectomy. In the present case, we report a 63-year-old male incidentally found to have a giant aneurysm of his right segmental and interlobar arteries on computed tomography (CT). The patient underwent successful uncomplicated transcatheter coil embolization of his aneurysm and maintained no flow into the aneurysm with normal renal function seven years following the procedure.
Hierarchical simulation-based verification of Anton, a special-purpose parallel machine (2008)

One of the major design verification challenges in the development of Anton, a massively parallel special-purpose machine for molecular dynamics, was to provide evidence that computations spanning more than a quadrillion clock cycles will produce valid scientific results. Our verification methodology addressed this problem by using a hierarchy of RTL, architectural, and numerical simulations. Block- and chip-level RTL models were verified by means of extensive co-simulation with a detailed C++ architectural simulator, ensuring that the RTL models could perform the same molecular dynamics computations as the architectural simulator. The output of the architectural simulator was compared to a parallelized numerical simulator that produces bitwise identical results to Anton, and is fast enough to verify the long-term numerical stability of computations on Anton. These explicit couplings between adjacent levels of the simulation hierarchy created a continuous verification chain from molecular dynamics to individual logic gates.
Rationally designed inhibitors of the Musashi protein-RNA interaction by hotspot mimicry (2023)

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) are key post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and thus underlie many important biological processes. Here, we developed a strategy that entails extracting a "hotspot pharmacophore" from the structure of a protein-RNA complex, to create a template for designing small-molecule inhibitors and for exploring the selectivity of the resulting inhibitors. We demonstrate this approach by designing inhibitors of Musashi proteins MSI1 and MSI2, key regulators of mRNA stability and translation that are upregulated in many cancers. We report this novel series of MSI1/MSI2 inhibitors is specific and active in biochemical, biophysical, and cellular assays. This study extends the paradigm of "hotspots" from protein-protein complexes to protein-RNA complexes, supports the "druggability" of RNA-binding protein surfaces, and represents one of the first rationally-designed inhibitors of non-enzymatic RNA-binding proteins. Owing to its simplicity and generality, we anticipate that this approach may also be used to develop inhibitors of many other RNA-binding proteins; we also consider the prospects of identifying potential off-target interactions by searching for other RBPs that recognize their cognate RNAs using similar interaction geometries. Beyond inhibitors, we also expect that compounds designed using this approach can serve as warheads for new PROTACs that selectively degrade RNA-binding proteins.
Cholinergic Augmentation of Lymphocyte-Mediated Cytotoxicity. A Study of the Cholinergic Receptor of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (1974)

Cholinergic agonists have previously been shown to augment the ability of sensitized lymphocytes to injure cells bearing the sensitizing alleantigens. The cholinergic receptor of the attacking lymphocyte population has been studied with pharmacological manipulation of an in vitro system that quantitates the injury mediated by sensitized attacking cells upon target cells. The data reveal that muscarinic ligands are several orders of magnitude more potent than nicotinic agents in altering cytotoxicity.
A Simple DoF-Achievable Scheme for the Gaussian Interference Channel with Delayed CSIT (2014)

We consider the two-user Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Interference Channel (MIMO-IC) with outdated channel state information at the transmitters (CSIT). For a fast- fading scenario, the degrees-of-freedom (DoF) region for this channel has been characterized by Vaze and Varanasi in [1]. We devise a simple achievable scheme, which has a unified structure for different antenna configurations. In the proposed scheme, matrices with random entries chosen from a continuous probability distribution are used in the process of designing the precoders. The unified structure of the precoders involving random matrices makes our scheme suitable for generalization to other networks.