gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accuracy of relative distance measurement with ultra wideband system (2004)

Since very short pulse waves are transmitted, UWB systems have excellent accuracy in terms of distance measurement. In order to measure the distance between the terminals, the transmitted pulses have to be synchronized by a delay-lock-loop (DLL) in the receiver. In this paper the performance of the DLL is evaluated. Its performance depends the timing jitter between the local clocks of the terminals.
Phosphine Oxide Monolayers on SiO2 Surfaces (2008)

Sicherer Halt: Vor allem Wasserstoffbrücken und nur zu einem geringen Maß kovalente Bindungen verankern Phosphanoxid-Monoschichten auf SiO2-Substraten (siehe Bilder). Anders als im Fall der gründlicher untersuchten polaren Phosphonsäuren ist hier die Bildung der Monoschichten selbstlimitierend. Diese Befunde können von großer Bedeutung für Anwendungen sein, bei denen Phosphanoxid-Monoschichten eingesetzt werden.
Supplementary Figure S5 from The Pharmacokinetic–Pharmacodynamic (PKPD) Relationships of AZD3229, a Novel and Selective Inhibitor of KIT, in a Range of Mouse Xenograft Models of GIST (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Fraction Absorbed (Fabs) as a Function of AZD3229 Dose using GI-SIM tool&lt;/p&gt;
Numerical analysis of dynamic out-of-plane loading of nonwovens (2013)

Published under licence in the Journal of Physics: Conference by IOP Publishing Ltd. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.
Emitter Optimization for Interdigitated Back Contact (IBC) Silicon Heterojunction (Si-HJ) Solar Cells (2010)

This study focuses on the optimization of the emitter stack for n-type IBC Si-HJ cells. The influence of the buffer layer (thickness and doping) and the contact materials are investigated. We use Rear Emitter (RE) devices to check the surface passivation (Open Circuit Voltage -VOC- value) and the resistive losses (Fill Factor - FF- value) attributed to the emitter stack. FF values above 80% are obtained through the use of a doped Buffer layer and ZnO contacts. IBC Si-HJ cells are also fabricated with a simple patterning process based on screen-printing steps. An efficiency of 15.7% is reached on 25cm2 IBC Si-HJ structures with a FF value of 71.6%.
A transmitted-reference low-power reconfigurable ultra-wideband transmitter (2010)

This paper presents a reconfigurable 0.18 μm CMOS ultra-wideband transmitter which supports three modulation schemes: transmitted reference binary phase shift keying, binary phase shift keying and on-off keying. The circuit features three controllable glitch generators combined with a digitally reconfigurable pulse adder which provides the desired output modulation. The transmitter achieves data rates of 100 Mbps with a maximum simulated power usage of 672 μW, while respecting the FCC radiated emissions limits. The transmitted reference allows for a detector to use a straightforward self-correlating mechanism, thus simplifying the required receiver architecture.
Energy-efficient hardware acceleration through computing in the memory (2014)

Energy-efficiency has emerged as a major barrier to performance scalability for modern processors. We note that significant part of processor's energy requirement is contributed by processor-memory communication. To address the energy issue in processors, we propose a novel hardware accelerator framework that transforms high-density memory array into a configurable computing resource to accelerate variety of tasks - both compute- and data-intensive. It exploits the block-based architecture of nanoscale memory to create a spatially connected array of lightweight processors, each of which uses a memory block as its local memory. The proposed framework provides some unique advantages for hardware acceleration compared to conventional accelerators: 1) memory array provides large set of parallel resources with high bandwidth, which can be configured to perform computing in spatio/temporal manner leading to dramatic reduction in processor-memory traffic; 2) it brings the computing engine close to the data, thus drastically minimizing the von Neumann bottleneck; 3) finally, it exploits the advances in memory technologies and integration approaches e.g. 3D integration to achieve better technology scalability compared to alternative reconfigurable accelerator platforms. Simulation results for several data-intensive applications show that the proposed computing approach provides significant improvement in energy-efficiency compared to software while achieving significantly lower hardware overhead.
Association between common asthma therapies and recurrent asthma exacerbations in children enrolled in a state Medicaid plan (2007)

Children with asthma and insured by Medicaid were at a high risk of repeat exacerbations leading to increased hospitalizations and ED visits. Treatment with budesonide inhalation suspension in the first 30 days after a hospitalization or ED visit for asthma was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of repeat asthma-related hospitalizations or ED visits during the following year. Children who were adherent to their asthma controller medication had significantly lower odds of having a subsequent asthma exacerbation.
Research highlights: measuring and manipulating cell migration (2014)

Microfabricated systems and microfluidic tools are well-suited to interface with cells because of the matching length scales. In this issue, we highlight three recent papers in which unique tools were used to control or measure cell migration. Cell migration is a key biological process involved in normal physiology (e.g. in embryonic development, immune response, and wound healing) which can go awry in diseases such as cancer. We highlight work applying electric fields and surface patterning to direct the collective migration of epithelial cells using galvanotaxis, in which surprisingly larger patches of cells respond more uniformly to electric fields. Such a platform may yield insights into or be co-opted to control tissue formation. We also describe recent results on developing a simple system to measure the migration of neutrophils in response to chemoattractants and on using this system to discriminate between neutrophils from asthmatic and non-asthmatic patients. Finally, a micropillar system is highlighted in which the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition is quantified at the single-cell level, and may aid in our understanding of the plastic process of progression to a malignant phenotype. Cell migration is a wonderfully complex process in which microscale systems can not only contribute to a better understanding, but might also improve its recording and manipulation for practical applications.
An improved multilevel successive elimination algorithm for fast full-search motion estimation (2004)

It is well known that a lot of computations are required for motion estimation in video encoding. Recently, the multilevel successive elimination algorithm (MSEA) has been proposed to reduce the computational complexity of block matching for motion estimation without degradation of estimation accuracy. In the MSEA, the block matching is hierarchically carried out and the invalid candidate block is successively eliminated. In this paper, we propose an improved MSEA based on a new efficient decision condition. The number of the calculations to eliminate the invalid block can be reduced by the new efficient decision condition in the proposed algorithm. The simulation results show that the proposed algorithm achieves about 30-40% computational saving as compared with the MSEA.
InP-Based Single-Photon Detectors and Geiger-Mode APD Arrays for Quantum Communications Applications (2014)

To meet the increasing demand from quantum communications and other photon starved applications, we have developed various InP-based single-photon detectors, including discrete single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs), negative feedback avalanche diodes (NFADs), and Geiger-mode avalanche photodiode (GmAPD) arrays. A large quantity of InP SPADs have been fabricated. Out of 1000 devices with a 25-μm active area diameter, operated under gated mode at temperature of 233 K, with a pulse repetition rate of 1 MHz and pulse width of 1 ns, the average dark count rate and afterpulsing probability are 30 kHz and 8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> , respectively. Smaller (16-μm active area diameter) and larger (40-μm active area diameter) discrete devices have been fabricated as well, and their performances are presented along with the 25-μm diameter devices. NFAD devices can operate in free running mode and photon detection efficiency of 10-15% can be achieved without applying any hold-off time externally. When the temperature decreases from 240 to 160 K, the noise equivalent power (NEP) decreasesfrom1.9 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-16</sup> to 1.8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> WHz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1/2</sup> , with the activation energy being 0.2 eV. The very low NEP at 160 K makes NFAD devices an ideal choice for long distance, entanglement-based quantum key distributions. GmAPD arrays provide an enabling technology for many active optical applications, such as 3-D laser detection and ranging (LADAR) and photon starved optical communications. Both 32 × 32 and 128 × 32 GmAPD arrays have been fabricated with high performance and good uniformity. GmAPD focal plane arrays (FPAs) with framed readout mode have enabled very high-performance flash LADAR systems. GmAPD FPAs with asynchronous readout mode will enable high rate quantum key distributions and other quantum communications applications.
Mechanism-Based Epigenetic Chemosensitization Therapy of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma (2013)

The problem of chemoresistant DLBCL remains the most urgent challenge in the clinical management of patients with this disease. We describe a mechanism-based approach toward the rational translation of DNMTIs for the treatment of high-risk DLBCL.
Neural model robustness for skill routing in large-scale conversational AI systems: A design choice exploration (2021)

Current state-of-the-art large-scale conversational AI or intelligent digital assistant systems in industry comprises a set of components such as Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Natural Language Understanding (NLU). For some of these systems that leverage a shared NLU ontology (e.g., a centralized intent/slot schema), there exists a separate skill routing component to correctly route a request to an appropriate skill, which is either a first-party or third-party application that actually executes on a user request. The skill routing component is needed as there are thousands of skills that can either subscribe to the same intent and/or subscribe to an intent under specific contextual conditions (e.g., device has a screen). Ensuring model robustness or resilience in the skill routing component is an important problem since skills may dynamically change their subscription in the ontology after the skill routing model has been deployed to production. We show how different modeling design choices impact the model robustness in the context of skill routing on a state-of-the-art commercial conversational AI system, specifically on the choices around data augmentation, model architecture, and optimization method. We show that applying data augmentation can be a very effective and practical way to drastically improve model robustness.
Experimental Evaluations on 4-By-2 MU-MIMO Achieving 1 Gbps Throughput Using AMC with Outer-Loop Threshold Control for LTE-Advanced Downlink (2012)

This paper presents laboratory experimental results on 4-by-2 multi-user (MU)-MIMO that achieves up to 1 Gbps throughput using carrier aggregation with a 100-MHz bandwidth in the LTE-Advanced downlink. The achievable throughput performance employing adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) with outer-loop threshold control based on acknowledgement (ACK) / negative ACK (NACK) feedback signaling in order to compensate for the fluctuation in the measured signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) value due to MU-MIMO multiplexing is evaluated using the implemented LTE-Advanced transceivers. Additionally, we evaluate the influence of the angle between spatially multiplexed users and the user combination in MU-MIMO operation with different received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions. Laboratory experimental results show that by performing AMC with outer-loop threshold control, the throughput of approximately 1 Gbps is achieved at the average received SNR of 30 dB. Furthermore, based on the experimental results, we confirm that angles narrower or wider than approximately 60 degrees between spatially multiplexed mobile stations (MSs) yield a lower ability to decrease the mutual interference using minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based precoding in 4-by-2 MU-MIMO. We also show that especially when the angle between spatially multiplexed MSs is narrower or wider than approximately 60 degrees, selecting the user pairs with a large difference in the average received SNR is effective in improving the total throughput.
Transcriptomic profile of the mice aging lung is associated with inflammation and apoptosis as important pathways (2021)

Aging is a universal biological process characterized by a progressive deterioration in functional capacity and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality over time. In the lungs, there are considerable changes in lung structure and function with advancing age; however, research on the transcriptomic profile implicated in this process is scanty. In this study, we addressed the lung transcriptome changes during aging, through a global gene expression analysis of normal lungs of mice aged 4- and 18-months old. Functional pathway enrichment analysis by Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) revealed that the most enriched signaling pathways in aged mice lungs are involved in the regulation of cell apoptosis, senescence, development, oxidative stress, and inflammation. We also found 25 miRNAs significantly different in the lungs of old mice compared with their younger littermates, eight of them upregulated and 17 downregulated. Using the miRNet database we identified TNFα, mTOR, TGFβ, WNT, FoxO, Apoptosis, Cell cycle, and p53 signaling pathways as the potential targets of several of the dysregulated miRNAs supporting that old lungs have increased susceptibility for apoptosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. These findings reveal differential expression profiles of genes and miRNAs affecting cell survival and the inflammatory response during lung aging.
Cross-layer Energy and Performance Evaluation of a Nanophotonic Manycore Processor System Using Real Application Workloads (2012)

Recent advances in nanophotonic device research have led to a proliferation of proposals for new architectures that employ optics for on-chip communication. However, since standard simulation tools have not yet caught up with these advances, the quality and thoroughness of the evaluations of these architectures have varied widely. This paper provides the first complete end-to-end analysis of an architecture using on-chip optical interconnect. This analysis incorporates realistic performance and energy models for both electrical and optical devices and circuits into a full-fledged functional simulator, thus enabling detailed analyses when running actual applications. Since on-chip optics is not yet mature and unlikely to see widespread use for several more years, we perform our analysis on a future 1000-core processor implemented in an 11nm technology node. We find that the proposed optical interconnect can provide between 1.8x and 4.8x better energy-delay product than conventional electrical-only interconnects. In addition, based on a detailed energy breakdown of all processor components, we conclude that a thermal ring resonators and on-chip lasers that allow rapid power gating are key areas worthy of additional nanophotonic research. This will help guide future optical device research to the areas likely to provide the best payoff.
Octave-spanning Infrared Supercontinuum Generation in Robust Chalcogenide Nano-tapers (2012)

We fabricate robust step-index chalcogenide nano-tapers. Using picosecond pulses at 1.55 µm, we generate octave-spanning low-power-threshold near-infrared and mid-infrared supercontinuum (0.85-2.35 μm).
Reduced Rare-Earth Flux-Switching Machines for Traction Applications (2015)

There has been growing interest in electrical machines that reduce or eliminate rare-earth material content. Traction applications are among the key applications where reducing cost and, hence, reduction of rare-earth materials are key requirements. This paper will assess the potential of different variants of flux-switching machines (FSMs) that either reduce or eliminate rare-earth materials in the context of traction applications. Two designs use different grades of dysprosium-free permanent magnets (PMs), and the third design is a wound-field variant that does not include PMs at all. A detailed analysis of all three designs in comparison to the required set of specifications will be presented. The key opportunities and challenges will be highlighted. The impact of the high pole-count/frequency of the FSMs will also be evaluated. Experimental results for one of the designs with dysprosium-free PMs will also be presented.
Coherence controller architectures for SMP-based CC-NUMA multiprocessors (1997)

Scalable distributed shared-memory architectures rely on coherence controllers on each processing node to synthesize cache-coherent shared memory across the entire machine. The coherence controllers execute coherence protocol handlers that may be hardwired in custom hardware or programmed in a protocol processor within each coherence controller. Although custom hardware runs faster, a protocol processor allows the coherence protocol to be tailored to specific application needs and may shorten hardware development time. Previous research show that the increase in application execution time due to protocol processors over custom hardware is minimal.With the advent of SMP nodes and faster processors and networks, the tradeoff between custom hardware and protocol processors needs to be reexamined. This paper studies the performance of custom-hardware and protocol-processor-based coherence controllers in SMP-node-based CC-NUMA systems on applications from the SPLASH-2 suite. Using realistic parameters and detailed models of existing state-of-the-art system components, it shows that the occupancy of coherence controllers can limit the performance of applications with high communication requirements, where the execution time using protocol processors can be twice as long as using custom hardware.To gain a deeper understanding of the tradeoff, we investigate the effect of varying several architectural parameters that influence the communication characteristics of the applications and the underlying system on coherence controller performance. We identify measures of applications' communication requirements and their impact on the performance penalty of protocol processors, which can help system designers predict performance penalties for other applications. We also study the potential of improving the performance of hardware-based and protocol-processor-based coherence controllers by separating or duplicating critical components.
13.1: Invited Paper: Single‐Photon‐Capable Detector Arrays in CMOS—Exploring a New Tool for Display Metrology (2018)

The technology of CMOS‐compatible Single Photon Avalanche Diodes is evolving rapidly and has matured to the point at which it can address the requirements of a range of imaging applications. In this report we consider the current suitability and future potential of CMOS‐compatible Single Photon Avalanche Diodes to address the particular application of display metrology.
An Over 20-W/mm S-Band InAlGaN/GaN HEMT With SiC/Diamond-Bonded Heat Spreader (2018)

This letter reports on an InAlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) employing a SiC/diamond-bonded heat spreader with a record high output power density of 22.3 W/mm. A quaternary In-added InAlGaN barrier enabled both the large current of over 1 A/mm and the high breakdown voltage of 257 V. The drain bias was increased as high as 100 V for the S-band load-pull measurement, leading to high power operation. Furthermore, the thermal resistance was reduced by 60%, from 18.8 to 7.2°C/W, by employing the SiC/diamond heat spreader. This large heat dissipation effect was clearly observed in the output power density for the load-pull measurement. Our results demonstrate that the GaN HEMT with an In-added barrier layer is promising not only for millimeter-wave applications but also for high output power microwave amplifiers.
An architecture supporting the collection and monitoring of data openly contributed over the World Wide Web (2002)

Open data collection over the World Wide Web-in which any Web user can contribute to large databases of informal data-presents several challenges that require novel approaches in human interface design, algorithmic machine learning and collaborative infrastructure. Foremost among these challenges is the need to ensure data integrity and quality, by automatically or semiautomatically identifying unreliable or hostile contributors and rejecting their contributed data. Other, traditional requirements include security, scalability and the need to support collaboration between separate but dated data collection projects. Further, for the open software/data model, the system must permit users to freely browse, navigate and download the contributed data. This paper presents a collaborative architecture for a set of such data collection projects that addresses these challenges and requirements. Key components of this architecture have been implemented and tested as part of the Open Mind Initiative.
Association between Elevated C-Reactive Protein and Manic Polarity in Acute Psychiatric Inpatients with Affective Symptomatology (2017)

The interplay between the immune system and behaviour is of increasing interest in psychiatry research. Specifically, accumulating data points to a link between inflammation and psychopathology, including affective symptomatology. We investigated the association between inflammation and affective polarity in psychiatric inpatients who were hospitalized due to an affective exacerbation. Data was collected retrospectively and comparisons were made between manic and depressed patients. C-reactive protein (CRP), a general laboratory marker of immune activation and inflammation, was used as a non-specific inflammatory biomarker. Age, smoking and body mass index were considered covariates. Manic polarity (n = 89) was associated with statistically significant elevated CRP levels compared to depressed polarity (n = 44, 56%; p = 0.036), after controlling for covariates. No differences were observed in CRP levels across Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV Edition-Text Revised psychiatric diagnoses. These findings suggest a transdiagnostic association between inflammation and manic polarity in affective inpatients.