gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical methods of analysis and visualization of extracellular microelectrode recordings (2004)

Determining neuronal structures during stereotactic surgery in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients is a prerequisite for optimal placement of deep brain stimulation electrodes and/or neuronal ablation. This study describes statistical signal processing methods that automatically analyze microelectrode recordings and display a neurophysiological brainmap of the stereotactic trajectory. The spontaneous signals along the trajectory were recorded during neurosurgery of PD patients and analyzed post surgery. Our approach applies characterizations and visualization of energy, marginal probability density function, power spectral density, the time-domain signal, the autocorrelation function and partial autocorrelation function of the microelectrode recordings at the different depths along the trajectory. These are novel analysis methods of microelectrode recordings and enable neurosurgeons to easily distinguish adjacent brain structures and characteristics within and between the neuronal structures even when spike detection is impossible.
Transformasomes: specialized membranous structures that protect DNA during Haemophilus transformation. (1983)

The mechanism by which Haemophilus protects donor DNA from cellular restriction and degradative enzymes during transformation is unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that donor DNA enters Haemophilus influenzae through specialized membranous extensions, which we have termed "transformasomes." DNA within transformasomes is in a protected state--resistant to external DNase and cellular restriction enzymes, although remaining unmodified and double-stranded. The ability of donor DNA to exit from transformasomes is dependent on its topological conformation. Circular DNA remains intact within transformasomes, while linear DNA rapidly exits and undergoes homologous recombination. Protected donor DNA can be preferentially removed from the surface of competent cells by extraction with organic solvents. Structurally intact transformasomes containing donor DNA could be partitioned into the organic layer and can be further purified by density centrifugation.
A CMOS-Based Energy Harvesting Approach for Laterally Arrayed Multibandgap Concentrated Photovoltaic Systems (2020)

This article presents an energy harvesting approach for a concentrated photovoltaic (CPV) system based on cell-block-level integrated CMOS converters. The CPV system, built upon the laterally arrayed multibandgap (LAMB) cell structure, is a potentially higher-efficiency and lower-cost alternative to traditional tandem-based systems. The individual cells within a submodule block are connected for approximate voltage matching, and a multi-input single-output (MISO) buck converter harvests and combines the energy while performing maximum power point tracking (MPPT) locally for each cell type. A miniaturized MISO dc-dc prototype converter operating at 10 MHz is developed in a 130 nm CMOS process. For 45-160-mW power levels, the prototype converter achieves >92% nominal and >95% peak efficiency in a small (4.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) form factor designed to fit within available space in a LAMB PV cell block. The results demonstrate the potential of the LAMB CPV architecture for enhanced solar energy capture.
Abstract 15777: Controlling Lesion Size and Incidence of Steam Pop by Controlling Contact Force and Radiofrequency Power in Canine Beating Heart (2010)

Syntheses of a unique set of energy transfer dye labeled nucleoside triphosphates, compounds 1-3, are described. Attempts to prepare these compounds were only successful if the triphosphorylation reaction was performed before coupling the dye to the nucleobase, and not the other way around. Compounds were prepared as both the 2'-deoxy (a) and 2',3'-dideoxy- (b) forms. They feature progressively longer rigid conjugated linkers connecting the nucleobase and the hydroxyxanthone moiety. UV spectra of the parent nucleosides 12-14 show that as the length of the linker increases so does the absorption of the donor in the 320-330 nm region, but with relatively little red-shift of the maxima. Fluorescence spectra of the same compounds show that radiation in the 320-330 nm region results in predominant emission from the fluorescein. When the linker is irradiated at 320 nm, the only significant emission observed corresponds to the hydroxyxanthone part of the molecules at 520 nm; this corresponds to an effective Stokes' shift of 200 nm. As the absorption at 320-330 nm by the linker increases with length, so does the intensity of the fluorescein emission. A gel assay was used to gauge relative incorporation efficiencies of compounds 1-3, dTTP, ddTTP, and 6-TAMRA-ddTTP. Throughout, the thermostable polymerase TaqFS was used, as it is the one most widely applied in high throughput DNA sequencing. This assay showed that only compounds 3 were incorporated efficiently; these have the longest linkers. Of these, the 2'-deoxy nucleoside 3 a was incorporated and did not prevent the polymerase from extending the chain further. The 2',3'-dideoxy nucleoside 3 b was incorporated only about 430 times less efficiently than ddTTP under the same conditions, and caused chain termination. The implications of these studies on modified sequencing protocols are discussed.
Experimental Estimation of Strain Rate during FSW of Al-Alloy Using Plane-Strain Compression (2008)

Friction stir welding (FSW) makes the stir zone with fine recrystallized grain structure. The recrystallized grains would be formed through dynamic recrystallization at high temperatures and high strain-rate. The present study experimentally simulated the dynamically recrystallized microstructure of a friction stir welded Al alloy 1050 produced at 600 rpm rotation and 100 mm/min travel speed, using combination of the plane-strain compression at various strain rates and the subsequent cooling along the cooling cycle of FSW. The equiaxed grain structures similar to the microstructure of the stir zone were produced at strain rates between 0.1 and 32 s-1; the grain size decreased with increasing strain rate. Strain rate during the FSW could be estimated to be about 1.8 s-1. The present study suggests that plane-strain compression test can simulate the recrystallized grain structure of the friction stir welds.
Preparation of Poly(p-phenylene) by Electrooxidative Polymerization in Acidic Media (1988)

Abstract The electro-oxidative polymerization of benzene in the presence of strong acids yields poly(p-phenylene) efficiently. A strong protonic acid such as trifluoromethanesulfonic acid or Lewis acid such as an aluminum trichloride forms a complex with benzene and reduces the oxidation potential of benzene to 1.7 V, which brings about the high current efficiency. The acids act both as an electrolyte and as a catalyst in this polymerization of benzene.
Propylene polymerization with catalysts containing divalent titanium (1997)

The behavior in propylene polymerization of divalent titanium compounds of type [η6-areneTiAl2Cl8], both as such and supported on activated MgCl2, has been studied and compared to that of the simple catalyst MgCl2/TiCl4. Triethylaluminium was used as cocatalyst. The Ti–arene complexes were active both in the presence and in the absence of hydrogen, in contrast to earlier reports that divalent titanium species are active for ethylene but not for propylene polymerization. 13C-NMR analysis of low molecular weight polymer fractions indicated that the hydrogen activation effect observed for the MgCl2-supported catalysts should be ascribed to reactivation of 2,1-inserted (“dormant”) sites via chain transfer, rather than to (re)generation of active trivalent Ti via oxidative addition of hydrogen to divalent species. Decay in activity during polymerization was observed with both catalysts, indicating that for MgCl2/TiCl4 catalysts decay is not necessarily due to overreduction of Ti to the divalent state during polymerization. In ethylene polymerization both catalysts exhibited an acceleration rather than a decay profile. It is suggested that the observed decay in activity during propylene polymerization may be due to the formation of clustered species that are too hindered for propylene but that allow ethylene polymerization. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 2645–2652, 1997
Abstract 3778: In vitro and in vivo characterization of E7090, a novel and selective FGFR inhibitor, for the treatment of endometrial cancer (2016)

Abstract Genetic abnormalities (gene fusion, mutation and amplification) of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) family members are known to cause constitutive activation of their signaling pathways, which play an important role in proliferation, survival and migration of cancer cells, tumor angiogenesis, and drug resistance. FGFR2 is mutated in about 10% of endometrial cancer patients and is associated with a higher risk of recurrence. E7090, an oral available FGFR1, 2, and 3 inhibitor that the chemical-structure and basic kinase inhibitory activity of this compound have been presented at AACR2015, is currently under a first-in-human study (NCT02275910) in Japan. In this presentation, the efficacy of E7090 against human endometrial cancer was examined. E7090 exhibited selective potent antiproliferative activity against 3 human endometrial cancer cell lines harboring FGFR2 mutation with IC50 values of approximately 10 nM among 8 endometrial cancer cell lines. These cell lines harbor S252W mutation (extracellular domain mutation; MFE280) or N549K mutation (kinase domain mutation; AN3CA and MFE296), that are the most common mutations of FGFR2 in endometrial cancer. E7090 also showed antiproliferative activity against Ba/F3 cells expressing mutated type of FGFR2, confirming the inhibitory activity of E7090 against mutated FGFR2. The antiproliferative activity of E7090 against these cell lines was based on inhibition of phosphorylated FRS2α and ERK1/2 as downstream molecules of FGF/FGFR signaling. Especially, the antiproliferative activities of E7090 against AN3CA and MFE296 harboring N550K mutation were more potent compared to these of other FGFR specific inhibitors. In addition, oral administration of E7090 resulted in significant tumor growth inhibition in MFE280, AN3CA and MFE296 xenograft models in mice. Especially, E7090 showed tumor regression in AN3CA xenograft model with a delta T/C value of -66% at a dose of 50 mg/kg. These results indicated that E7090 showed potent inhibitory activity against mutated type of FGFR2 both in vitro and in vivo, and suggest that E7090 may provide therapeutic opportunities for endometrial cancer harboring FGFR2 mutations. Citation Format: Saori Watanabe Miyano, Yuji Yamamoto, Kotaro Kodama, Naoko Hata Sugi, Yukinori Minoshima, Junji Matsui, Masao Iwata. In vitro and in vivo characterization of E7090, a novel and selective FGFR inhibitor, for the treatment of endometrial cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3778.
Vascular wall elasticity measurement by magnetic resonance imaging (2006)

The goal of this current study was to determine whether an MRI-based elastography (MRE) method can visualize and assess propagating mechanical waves within fluid-filled vessels and to investigate the feasibility of measuring the elastic properties of vessel walls and quantitatively assessing stenotic lesions by using MRE. The ability to measure the Young's modulus-wall thickness product was tested using a thin-walled latex vessel model. Also tested in vessel models was the ability to quantitate the degree of stenosis by measuring transmitted and reflected mechanical waves. This method was then applied to ex vivo porcine models and in vivo human arteries to further test its feasibility. The results provide preliminary evidence that MRE can be used to quantitatively assess the stiffness of blood vessels, and provide a non-morphologic method to measure stenosis. With further development, it is possible that the method can be implemented in vivo.
Why Artificial Intelligence Needs a Task Theory --- And What It Might Look Like (2016)

The concept of "task" is at the core of artificial intelligence (AI): Tasks are used for training and evaluating AI systems, which are built in order to perform and automatize tasks we deem useful. In other fields of engineering theoretical foundations allow thorough evaluation of designs by methodical manipulation of well understood parameters with a known role and importance; this allows an aeronautics engineer, for instance, to systematically assess the effects of wind speed on an airplane's performance and stability. No framework exists in AI that allows this kind of methodical manipulation: Performance results on the few tasks in current use (cf. board games, question-answering) cannot be easily compared, however similar or different. The issue is even more acute with respect to artificial *general* intelligence systems, which must handle unanticipated tasks whose specifics cannot be known beforehand. A *task theory* would enable addressing tasks at the *class* level, bypassing their specifics, providing the appropriate formalization and classification of tasks, environments, and their parameters, resulting in more rigorous ways of measuring, comparing, and evaluating intelligent behavior. Even modest improvements in this direction would surpass the current ad-hoc nature of machine learning and AI evaluation. Here we discuss the main elements of the argument for a task theory and present an outline of what it might look like for physical tasks.
603: In Vivo Engineering of Tissues Using Parthenogenesis-Derived Stem Cells for Urologic Reconstruction (2006)

CONCLUSIONS: According to our results, the main indication for (18)F-FDG PET in the primary staging or follow-up of penile cancer patients may be the prognostically crucial search for lymph node metastases. With the use of a PET/CT unit, the additional information provided by CT may be especially useful for planning surgery. Implementing (18)F-FDG PET and PET/CT in future staging algorithms may lead to a more precise and stage-appropriate therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, invasive procedures with a high morbidity rate, such as general bilateral lymphadenectomy, may be avoided.
An estimator correlator receiver for frequency selective multipath fading channels (1987)

An estimator-correlator receiver structure using wideband signaling using PN sequences is developed for multipath frequency selective fading channels. Expressions for the error performance of the receiver for binary and M-ary FSK signaling schemes, for equal and unequal average SNR per path, are presented. Results of analytical performance evaluation of the receiver are presented and a comparison with a square law Rake correlator receiver is made.
A spontaneous lactate dehydrogenase deficient mutant ofStreptococcus rattusfor use as a probiotic in the prevention of dental caries (2009)

S. rattus JH145 has potential as a probiotic for use in the prevention of dental caries.
Screening of food-derived opioid peptides on mucin production by human intestinal cells (2012)

Resumen del póster presentado al 3rd Management Committee &amp; Working Groups Meeting of COST Action FA 1005 celebrado en Leatherhead (UK) del 2 al 4 de octubre de 2012.
Metal Organic Cluster Photoresists for EUV Lithography (2019)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography is a prominent candidate for printing under 10nm half pitch patterns. Recently, we have developed metal organic cluster resists possessing higher EUV absorbing elements and controlled molecular size and distribution. Here, we report lithographic performance of zirconium organic cluster and zinc organic luster resists. EUV exposure results for the zinc organic cluster resists on different underlayers are also discussed.
Phase-shifting cell loaded with variable capacitances for dual linearly polarized reflectarrays (2012)

International audience
Differential Frequency Dependence of P2Y1- and P2Y2- Mediated Ca2+Signaling in Astrocytes (2003)

ATP is a key extracellular messenger that mediates the propagation of Ca 2+ waves in astrocyte networks in various regions of the CNS. ATP-mediated Ca 2+ signals play critical roles in astrocyte proliferation and differentiation and in modulating neuronal activity. The actions of ATP on astrocytes are via two distinct subtypes of P2Y purinoceptors, P2Y1 and P2Y2 receptors (P2Y1Rs and P2Y2Rs), G-protein coupled receptors that stimulate mobilization of intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+]i) via the phospholipase Cbeta-IP3 pathway. We report here that P2Y1R-mediated and P2Y2R-mediated Ca 2+ responses differentially show two forms of activity-dependent negative feedback. First, Ca 2+ responses mediated by either receptor exhibit slow depression that is independent of stimulation frequency. Second, responses mediated by P2Y1Rs, but not those mediated by P2Y2Rs, show rapid oscillations after high-frequency stimulation. We demonstrate that the oscillations are mediated by recruiting negative feedback by protein kinase C, and we map the site responsible for the effect of protein kinase C to Thr339 in the C terminus of P2Y1R. We propose that frequency-dependent changes in ATP-mediated Ca 2+ signaling pathways may modulate astrocyte function and astrocyte-neuron signaling in the CNS.
Immune system versus tumor: shifting the balance in favor of DCs and effective immunity (2004)

Despite the initial excitement over cancer vaccines, the clinical effectiveness of immunotherapy has been disappointing. The suppressive milieu present within established tumors inhibits effective immune responses, although new strategies are emerging to manipulate the local tumor microenvironment and shift the balance back to a proinflammatory environment, promote DC activation, and enhance tumor immunity.
Praxiteles: a miniature bone-mounted robot for minimal access total knee arthroplasty (2005)

We have been working to develop a compact, accurate, safe, and easy-to-use surgical robot for minimally invasive total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The goal of our bone-mounted robot, named Praxiteles, is to precisely position a surgical bone-cutting guide in the appropriate planes surrounding the knee, so that the surgeon can perform the planar cuts manually using the guide. The robot architecture is comprised of 2 motorized degrees of freedom (DoF) whose axes of rotation are arranged in parallel, and are precisely aligned to the implant cutting planes with a 2 DoF adjustment mechanism. Two prototypes have been developed and tested on saw bones and cadavers--an initial one for open TKA surgery and a new version for MIS TKA, which mounts on the side of the knee. A novel bone-milling technique is also presented that uses passive guide and a side milling tool.
A humanized mouse model to study asthmatic airway inflammation via the human IL-33/IL-13 axis (2018)

Asthma is one of the most common immunological diseases and is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), mucus overproduction, and airway eosinophilia. Although mouse models have provided insight into the mechanisms by which type-2 cytokines induce asthmatic airway inflammation, differences between the rodent and human immune systems hamper efforts to improve understanding of human allergic diseases. In this study, we aim to establish a preclinical animal model of asthmatic airway inflammation using humanized IL-3/GM-CSF or IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 Tg NOD/Shi-scid-IL2rγnull (NOG) mice and investigate the roles of human type-2 immune responses in the asthmatic mice. Several important characteristics of asthma - such as AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, T cell infiltration, IL-13 production, and periostin secretion - were induced in IL-3/GM-CSF Tg mice by intratracheally administered human IL-33. In addition to these characteristics, human eosinophilic inflammation was observed in IL-3/GM-CSF/IL-5 Tg mice. The asthmatic mechanisms of the humanized mice were driven by activation of human Th2 and mast cells by IL-33 stimulation. Furthermore, treatment of the humanized mice with an anti-human IL-13 antibody significantly suppressed these characteristics. Therefore, the humanized mice may enhance our understanding of the pathophysiology of allergic disorders and facilitate the preclinical development of new therapeutics for IL-33-mediated type-2 inflammation in asthma.
Schottky barrier height of Ni toβ-(AlxGa1−x)2O3with different compositions grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (2017)

Coherent β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films (x = 0, 0.038, 0.084, 0.164) were grown successfully on a Sn-doped β-Ga2O3 (010) substrate using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Atom probe tomography, transmission electron microscopy, and high resolution x-ray diffraction were used to verify the alloy composition and high quality of the films. Schottky diodes were then fabricated using Ni as the Schottky metal. Capacitance–voltage measurements revealed a very low (<7 × 1015 cm−3) free charge density in the nominally undoped films. The barrier height and ideality factor were estimated by current–voltage (I–V) measurements performed at temperatures varying from 300 K to 500 K on the Schottky diodes. These measurements revealed that the apparent Schottky barrier height could have similar values for different compositions of β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3. We believe this is attributed to the lateral fluctuation in the alloy's composition. This results in a lateral variation in the barrier height. Therefore, the average Schottky barrier height extracted from I–V measurements could be similar for β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3 films with different compositions.
The Importance of Public Transportation (2017)

Public transportation plays an important role in creating an accessible society because it is critical for ensuring employment, completing activities of daily living, engaging in citizenship, and participating in social roles and social interaction. Accessible public transportation in the community allows individuals with disabilities, especially those with severe disabilities, to have independent access to work sites, educational programs, health facilities, and social and recreational activities. However, the current state of accessible public transportation is a barrier to social participation and, particularly, employment. The challenges of public transportation in general, combined with the critical importance of local transportation for people with disabilities and older adults in terms of social participation and employment, proves that there is a real need for innovation and knowledge that can help transportation providers serve all citizens more effectively and efficiently. The delivery of public transportation service is a development activity supported by many sources of information.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Modified Proteins. Reactions of cis‐(Ru(NH3)4(OH2)2)2+ and cis‐(Ru(en)2(OH2)2)2+ with Azurin, Myoglobin and Cytochrome c. (1987)

Abstract Reactions of the Ru title complexes generated by Zn(Hg) reduction of cis‐(RuL4Cl2)+ (L: NH 3 or 2 L: en), with Pseudomonas aeruginosa azurin (Az), horse heart myoglobin (Mbh), and horse heart cytochrome c (cyt c) give Ru‐labelled proteins.