gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Microbial Diversity Retrieved by Autonomous Robotic Exploration of the World's Deepest Vertical Phreatic Sinkhole (2010)

The deep phreatic thermal explorer (DEPTHX) is an autonomous underwater vehicle designed to navigate an unexplored environment, generate high-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) maps, collect biological samples based on an autonomous sampling decision, and return to its origin. In the spring of 2007, DEPTHX was deployed in Zacatón, a deep (approximately 318 m), limestone, phreatic sinkhole (cenote) in northeastern Mexico. As DEPTHX descended, it generated a 3-D map based on the processing of range data from 54 onboard sonars. The vehicle collected water column samples and wall biomat samples throughout the depth profile of the cenote. Post-expedition sample analysis via comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed a wealth of microbial diversity. Traditional Sanger gene sequencing combined with a barcoded-amplicon pyrosequencing approach revealed novel, phylum-level lineages from the domains Bacteria and Archaea; in addition, several novel subphylum lineages were also identified. Overall, DEPTHX successfully navigated and mapped Zacatón, and collected biological samples based on an autonomous decision, which revealed novel microbial diversity in a previously unexplored environment.
Automated File-Based Quality Control: A Machine-Learning Approach (2011)

In recent years, broadcasters successfully introduced file-based workflows to improve production efficiency. However, they are increasingly dealing with a proliferation of file formats, and many of them still have large archives that need to be digitized for reuse. To guarantee trouble-free workflows and long-term preservation in this quickly evolving digital domain, it is essential that media files adhere to well-described, established standards. Furthermore, their audiovisual quality should be up to broadcast level. A variety of content analysis tools checking container and encoding formats, as well as audiovisual quality, are available but often hard to configure, and frequently provide difficult-to-interpret results. In this research, a learning algorithm takes into account the results of several sources of content analysis to perform a reliable automatic interpretation, which is communicated as a traffic light decision to an operator who can then take further action if necessary. Thus, valuable time and money can be saved.
Switchable, broadband, polarization-independent diffractive optical components and systems (2018)

Devices based on diffractive waveplates exhibit diffraction characteristics that are dependent on the polarization and wavelength of light. In applications, switchability, polarization independence, and wavelength independence are often desirable. Here we report on recent developments of diffractive optical elements that have various combinations of switchability, polarization independence, and broad wavelength coverage.
Effects on Fourier Peaks Used for Periodic Pattern Detection (2016)

The detection of quasi-periodic patterns, such as those found in clustered-dot halftones, can be efficiently achieved by searching for strong peaks in the frequency domain. In this paper, we quantify four factors that contribute to the attenuation of those characteristic peaks related to mobile hand-held image capture. These include MTF, halftone cluster size, blur, and contrast. We derive the expected theoretical attenuation for each of these factors, and then compare these with experimentally measured results from mobile captured images of test prints.
Curling Colloidal Photonic Crystals (2006)

Photonic crystals with tunable curvature based on inverse opals are demonstrated (see figure and inside cover). The curvature is tuned through the controlled formation and hydrolysis of an overlayer upon infiltration of templated colloidal crystals using sol–gel precursors. The optical properties of individual curved inverse zirconia opal microstructures are studied by means of micro-optical spectroscopy. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2006/c0763_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Synthesis of Functionalized Aromatic Oligomers from a Versatile Diphenylmethane Template (1997)

An efficient synthesis of the functionalized diphenylmethane system 1 is described. Selective unmasking of the latent phenol groups on 1 allowed the introduction of various appendages onto the diphenylmethane scaffold via simple alkylation, Mitsunobu etherification, and transition-metal-mediated C−C bond formation. Conversion of 1 to iodide 18 and benzylic zinc reagent 28 followed by palladium(0)-mediated coupling of these derivatives provided homologue 29. Repetitive application of this homologation protocol was used to prepare oligomers of chain length up to 16. Several examples of functional group manipulations on these higher order oligomers are presented. Diphenylmethane 1 was also employed as a key building block in the synthesis of the elastase inhibitor 67. The potential application of extended aromatic oligomers to the field of drug discovery is discussed.
High Production Rate of High Purity, High Fidelity Nafion Nanofibers via Needleless Electrospinning (2019)

This study demonstrates the needleless electrospinning of Nafion nanofibers via foam electrospinning. Compared to needle electrospinning, a 2 orders of magnitude higher production rate (9729 vs 14 mg h–1 m–2) was obtained at similar fidelity (233 ± 62 vs 216 ± 69 nm fiber diameters). Additionally, needleless electrospinning produced defect-free high purity Nafion nanofibers (98 wt % Nafion) compared to no fibers (beads) using needle electrospinning at a similar polymer solution concentration. Furthermore, the Young’s modulus and proton conductivity of the fiber mats produced by needleless electrospinning (42.6 MPa and 43.8 mS cm–1, respectively) were higher than those produced by needle electrospinning (20.9 MPa and 18.0 mS cm–1, respectively). Therefore, high fidelity, high purity Nafion nanofibers at higher production rates with improved mechanical properties and proton conductivity were produced with this needleless electrospinning technique.
Local structural connectivity directs seizure spread in focal epilepsy (2018)

Abstract How does the human brain’s structural scaffold give rise to its intricate functional dynamics? This is a central challenge in translational neuroscience, particularly in epilepsy, a disorder that affects over 50 million people worldwide. Treatment for medication-resistant focal epilepsy is often structural – through surgery, devices or focal laser ablation – but structural targets, particularly in patients without clear lesions, are largely based on functional mapping via intracranial EEG (iEEG). Unfortunately, the relationship between structural and functional connectivity in the seizing brain is poorly understood. In this study, we quantify structure-function coupling, specifically between white matter connections and iEEG, across preictal and ictal periods in 45 seizures from 9 patients with unilateral drug-resistant focal epilepsy. We use High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) tractography to construct structural connectivity networks and correlate these networks with time-varying broadband and frequency-specific functional networks derived from coregistered iEEG. Across all frequency bands, we find significant increases in structure-function coupling from preictal to ictal periods. We demonstrate that short-range structural connections are primarily responsible for this increase in coupling. Finally, we find that spatiotemporal patterns of structure-function coupling are stereotyped, and a function of each patient’s individual anatomy. These results suggest that seizures harness the underlying structural connectome as they propagate. Our findings suggest that the relationship between structural and functional connectivity in epilepsy may inform current and new therapies to map and alter seizure spread, and pave the way for better-targeted, patient-specific interventions.
Study into the kinetic properties and surface attachment of a thermostable adenylate kinase (2015)

A thermostable adenylate kinase (tAK) has been used as model protein contaminant on surfaces, so used because residual protein after high temperature wash steps can be detected at extremely low concentrations. This gives the potential for accurate, quantitative measurement of the effectiveness of different wash processes in removing protein contamination. Current methods utilise non-covalent (physisorbtion) of tAK to surfaces, but this can be relatively easily removed. In this study, the covalent binding of tAK to surfaces was studied to provide an alternative model for surface contamination. Kinetic analysis showed that the efficiency of the enzyme expressed as the catalytic rate over the Michaelis constant (<i>k</i><sub>cat</sub>/<i>K</i><sub>M</sub>) increased from <b>8.45</b>±3.04 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> in solution to <b>32.23</b>±3.20 or <b>24.46</b>±4.41 mM<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> when the enzyme was immobilised onto polypropylene or plasma activated polypropylene respectively. Maleic anhydride plasma activated polypropylene showed potential to provide a more robust challenge for washing processes as it retained significantly higher amounts of tAK enzyme than polypropylene in simple washing experiments. Inhibition of the coupled enzyme (luciferase/luciferin) system used for the detection of adenylate kinase activity, was observed for a secondary product of the reaction. This needs to be taken into consideration when using the assay to estimate cleaning efficacy.
Autologous fibrin scaffolds cultured dermal fibroblasts and enriched with encapsulated bFGF for tissue engineering (2011)

Autologous fibrin scaffolds (AFSs) enriched with cells and specific growth factors represent a promising biocompatible scaffold for tissue engineering. Here, we analyzed the in vitro behavior of dermal fibroblasts (DFs) (cellular attachment, distribution, viability and proliferation, histological and immunohistochemical changes), comparing AFS with and without alginate microcapsules loaded with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), to validate our scaffold in a future animal model in vivo. In all cases, DFs showed good adhesion and normal distribution, while in scaffolds with bFGF at 14 days, the cell counts detected in proliferation and viability assays were greatly improved, as was the proliferative state, and there was a decrease in muscle specific actin expression and collagen synthesis in comparison with the scaffolds without bFGF. In addition, the use of plasma without fibrinogen concentration methods, together with the maximum controlled release of bFGF at 14 days, favored cell proliferation. To conclude, we have been able to create an AFS enriched with fully functional DFs and release-controlled bFGF that could be used in multiple applications for tissue engineering.
Characterization of a Hybrid Silicon-InP Laser Tapered Mode Converter (2013)

The performance of a tapered mode converter inside a hybrid silicon laser was measured to determine loss. Several taper lengths were investigated, and the best performing device had a taper loss of 2.7dB.
Effect of atropine on the biomechanical properties of the oesophageal wall in humans (2003)

Recently, we reported a novel ultrasound technique to assess biomechanical properties of the oesophagus in human subjects. In the present study, we use the technique, in combination with atropine, to determine the active and passive biomechanical properties of the oesophagus in normal healthy humans. A manometric catheter equipped with a high-compliance bag and a high-frequency intraluminal ultrasonography probe was used to record pressure and oesophageal geometry. Oesophageal distensions with either isovolumic (5-20 ml water) or with isobaric (10-60 mmHg) technique were performed. Intra-bag pressure and ultrasound images of the oesophagus were recorded simultaneously. Following injection of atropine (15 microg kg-1, I.V.), the oesophageal distensions were repeated. The oesophageal wall compliance, circumferential wall tension, stress, strain and elastic modulus were calculated. Atropine resulted in an increase in the oesophageal wall compliance during isobaric distension, but no change in compliance was observed during isovolumic distension. The stress-strain relationship was found to be linear during both types of distension, before as well as after atropine. The Young's modulus, which is the slope of a linear stress-strain relationship, was significantly higher after atropine in the isovolumic study but not in the isobaric study. The stress-strain relationship of the active component (muscle contraction) was different during isovolumic and isobaric distensions but the passive components were similar. The passive and active stress-strain relationships of the human oesophagus resemble those of other soft biological tissues. Furthermore, the method of oesophageal distension has significant influence on the active but not the passive biomechanical properties due to a strain-rate effect.
Method and solvent composition for regenerating an ion exchange resin (2023)

A method and composition for removing perchlorate from a highly selective ion exchange resin is disclosed. The disclosed approach comprises treating the resin in a solution of super critical or liquid carbon dioxide and one or more quaternary ammonium chloride surfactant compounds.
Polariton-based band gap and generation of surface acoustic waves in acoustic superlattice lithium niobate (2013)

We report the presence of surface acoustic wave (SAW) band gap on acoustic superlattice (ASL) in a single-crystal lithium niobate structure. The band gap behavior is determined by calculating the SAW band structure and also by simulating the transmission of an acoustic wave through a finite length section of ASL using finite element analysis. The calculated band gap appears at a frequency twice the value expected from purely acoustic Bragg scattering. We have identified the band gap as originating from a polariton-based mechanism due to the coupling between the electromagnetic wave and the surface vibrations. We have examined the influence of the band gap on SAW generation with the ASL and have shown that the calculated frequency resonance of the SAW lies in the vicinity of the upper stop-band edges. This results in the localization of the SAW in the ASL. Experimental confirmation is achieved through direct measurement of the SAW displacement by laser vibrometry on an actual ASL SAW transducer. The localization of generated SAW to the ASL transducer is observed confirming the prediction of the existence of a band gap.
The Palladium Catalyzed Coupling of β-Trifuoromethanesulfonyl α,β-Unsaturated Esters and Ketones with β-Stannyl Enoates: Synthesis of Electron Deficient Dienes (1993)

The synthesis of electron deficient dienes has been accomplished by the palladium catalyzed coupling of β-stannyl-α,β-unsaturated esters with β-trifluoro-methanesulfonyl-α,β-unsaturated esters and ketones and is efficient only in tetrahydrofuran and a palladium to phosphine ratio of 1:2.
Problems (1982)

Mihaly Bencze, Joe Dan Austin, Jeremy D. Primer, Thomas Hand, L. Kuipers, Robert Clark, Chico Problem Group, Roger L. Creech, Roger B. Nelsen, Problems, Mathematics Magazine, Vol. 55, No. 2 (Mar., 1982), pp. 114-116
An Acoustothermal Heater for Paper Microfluidics towards Point-of-care Glucose Detection (2015)

We report the first observation of acoustothermal heating of wet papers under high frequency vibrations. The proposed heating method utilizes acoustic absorption of cellulose fiber, which exhibits viscoelastic properties. The surface acoustic waves propagate on the piezoelectric substrate and refract into a wet paper strip on the substrate. The refracted longitudinal waves deliver acoustic energy into the wet paper by vibration damping in the form of heat. Acoustothermal heating was discovered to be frequency-dependent and to reach local maxima at certain frequencies. Based on this finding, we developed a paper-based microfluidic heating system for point-of-care glucose detection.
Spectrum sensing methods for detection of DVB-T signals in AWGN and fading channels (2010)

In this paper, we consider spectrum sensing of DVB-T signals in different fading environments. We compare state-of-the-art detectors including detectors based on pilot subcarriers, as well as detectors for general OFDM signals that exploit the correlation structure incurred by the cyclic prefix. Energy detection is also included for comparison. We show numerically that the choice of detector depends on the scenario, the detector requirements, and on the available prior knowledge. We also show that it is possible to obtain good detection performance by exploiting the correlation, even in a frequency selective channel.
Slot Filling through Statistical Processing and Inference Rules. (2010)

Information extraction is one of the fundamentally important tasks in Natural Language Processing, and as such it has been the subject of many evaluations and competitions. The latest such evaluation, the Knowledge Base Population (KBP) part of the Text Analysis Conference 2010, is focusing on two aspects: entity linking and slot filling. This paper presents the design and implementation of the hybrid statistical/rule-based IBM system that performs the two tasks. The system presented here is an extension of the system participating in last year’s evaluation. 1
Synthesis of Tungsten Imido Alkylidene Complexes that Contain an Electron-Withdrawing Imido Ligand (2014)

Tungsten NAr<sup>R</sup> alkylidene complexes have been prepared that contain the electron-withdrawing Ar<sup>R</sup> groups 2,4,6-X<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (Ar<sup>X3</sup>, X = Cl, Br), 2,6-Cl<sub>2</sub>-4-CF<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub> (Ar<sup>Cl2CF3</sup>), and 3,5-(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub> (Ar<sup>(CF3)2</sup>). Reported complexes include W(NAr<sup>R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>(dme) (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane), W(NAr<sup>R</sup>)<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>2</sub>CMe<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, W(NAr<sup>R</sup>)(CHCMe<sub>3</sub>)(OTf)<sub>2</sub>(dme), and W(NAr<sup>R</sup>)(CHCMe<sub>3</sub>)(ODBMP)<sub>2</sub> (DBMP = 4-Me-2,6-(CHPh<sub>2</sub>)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>). The W(NAr<sup>R</sup>)(CHCMe<sub>3</sub>)(ODBMP)<sub>2</sub> complexes were explored as initiators for the polymerization of 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene (DCMNBD).
Stability, control, and power flow in ad hoc DC microgrids (2016)

Lack of access to electricity continues to plague more than one billion people. Microgrids which could be set up with limited planning would allow underserved communities to participate in energy markets without central oversight, but preexisting stability criteria and control techniques are ill-suited to this kind of network. We focus on the stability and control of networks formed by the ad hoc interconnection of modular power sources and loads. Equilibrium point feasibility — a minimum node voltage and minimum distribution efficiency — can be guaranteed by placing upper bounds on the droop and line resistances. Small-signal stability of the equilibrium point can be guaranteed by including a minimum capacitance (often already present) at the input of each load converter. We derive closed-form expressions for each of these bounds. Additionally, we present experimental validation of a new, multipurpose, secondary microgrid control scheme. The proposed method improves voltage regulation and power sharing — eliminating the steady-state power sharing error inherent to previous methods.
5‐Amino‐1‐(2,6‐dichloro‐4‐trifluoromethyl‐phenyl)‐3‐ [3H3]‐methylsulfanyl‐1H‐pyrazole‐4‐carbonitrile (CTOM): Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel and Selective Insect GABA Receptor Radioligand. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Answering Questions about Data Visualizations using Efficient Bimodal Fusion (2020)

Chart question answering (CQA) is a newly proposed visual question answering (VQA) task where an algorithm must answer questions about data visualizations, e.g. bar charts, pie charts, and line graphs. CQA requires capabilities that natural-image VQA algorithms lack: fine-grained measurements, optical character recognition, and handling out-of-vocabulary words in both questions and answers. Without modifications, state-of-the-art VQA algorithms perform poorly on this task. Here, we propose a novel CQA algorithm called parallel recurrent fusion of image and language (PReFIL). PReFIL first learns bimodal embeddings by fusing question and image features and then intelligently aggregates these learned embeddings to answer the given question. Despite its simplicity, PReFIL greatly surpasses state-of-the art systems and human baselines on both the FigureQA and DVQA datasets. Additionally, we demonstrate that PReFIL can be used to reconstruct tables by asking a series of questions about a chart.
Meeting American Diabetes Association diabetes management targets: trends in Mauritius (2017)

In certain subgroups, namely women, those with poorer education and those of South Asian ethnicity, whose target achievement was the poorest in 2009, control of glycaemia and blood pressure was better in 2015 as compared with 2009. While these findings are encouraging, further work is required to improve outcomes.
Use of dicationic ionic liquids as a novel liquid platform for dielectrophoretic cell manipulation (2016)

Separation, characterization and analysis of target cells demonstrate critical cues for diagnosis and monitoring of chronic diseases.
Millimeter wave sensor for far-field standoff vibrometry (2023)

A millimeter wavelength (MMW) measurement system for remote detection of object characteristics and methods for detecting such characteristics. The MMW measurement system comprises a front-end and an optional signal conditioning component. The MMW front-end includes an oscillator, a transceiver portion, and an antenna for focusing a detection component comprising micrometer level wavelength electromagnetic radiation onto the object. A portion of the electromagnetic radiation reflected by the object is received by the MMW measurement system, which is indicative of a displacement of the object. The MMW system may be configured to detect micrometer level displacement of the object disposed tens of meters from the MMW measurement system. In various embodiments the object may be a natural object, including a human, and the displacement may be indicative of a heart rate and/or a respiratory function.
Growth Hormone and Translational Research: From the 'Bench' to the 'Bedside' (2011)

Growth Hormone and Translational Research: From the ‘Bench’ to the ‘Bedside’ John J. Kopchick, Darlene E. Berryman, Elahu Gosney, Edward O. List Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, Athens; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens; School of Applied Health Sciences and Wellness, College of Health Sciences and Professions, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
Immunogenicity and contraceptive efficacy of recombinant fusion protein encompassing Sp17 spermatozoa‐specific protein and GnRH: Relevance of adjuvants and microparticles based delivery to minimize number of injections (2019)

Single-dose immunization with PLA-MPs entrapping Sp17<sub>C</sub> -GnRH<sub>2</sub> along with soluble recombinant protein in alum generated long-lasting infertility in female mice.