gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of composition and thermal treatment on VOC‐limiting defects in single‐crystalline Cu2ZnSnSe4 solar cells (2021)

Abstract Single‐crystalline Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) solar cells with open circuit voltages reaching 500 mV are achieved through a combination of composition control and a low‐temperature thermal ordering treatment. A comparison of the device results for Cu‐poor CZTSe with Cu/Zn + Sn ratios of 0.77 and 0.86 is presented with and without the implementation of a 130°C absorber annealing treatment. An increase in bandgap energy is observed via external quantum efficiency measurements with both the decrease in Cu content and the implementation of the order anneal, the latter of which also leads to a decrease in Urbach energy. Defect characterization performed with admittance spectroscopy on devices is demonstrated as insufficient because of low‐temperature current barriers. Photoluminescence (PL) on crystal surfaces however enables a qualitative comparison of the defect landscape between crystal compositions and annealing treatments. Both a highly compensated and a lightly doped defect model are used to fit PL as a function of laser fluence to identify defects contributing to each observed recombination channel. The PL signatures attributed to the Zn Sn defect become unresolvable with a decrease in Cu/Zn + Sn ratio from 0.86 to 0.77. Furthermore, a decrease in Cu–Zn disorder is observed upon the implementation of the annealing treatment through both a comparison of potential fluctuation depths and of both PL models.
Short Communication (1997)

Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is a protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that is essential for the unscrambling of nonnative disulfide bonds. Here, we have determined the importance of PDI to both spore germination and vegetative cell division. To vary the concentration of PDI in the ER, we used plasmids that direct the expression of rat PDI fused at its N terminus to either the alpha-factor pre-pro segment or the alpha-factor pre sequence, and fused at its C terminus to either the mammalian (KDEL) or the yeast (HDEL) ER retention signal. Classical yeast genetic (tetrad) analyses, and plasmid loss and plasmid shuffling experiments were used to evaluate the ability of these constructs to complement haploid Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in which the endogenous PDI1 gene had been deleted. We find that basal levels of PDI in the ER are sufficient for vegetative growth. In contrast, high levels of PDI in the ER are required for efficient spore germination. Thus, catalysis of the unscrambling of nonnative disulfide bonds in cellular proteins is more important during spore germination than during vegetative cell division.
New developments for a no-pump-out high-performance thermal grease (2010)

The industry trend toward reduced feature size and faster operating speed has generated demand for higher powered devices. The increased power and reduced overall area creates higher thermal loads for the package. This has led to the need for new thermal materials with high thermal conductivity. High-performance thermal interface greases, gels, and adhesives significantly improve the transmission of the heat generated by the high power densities out of the system. Thermal greases generally have higher thermal conductivity than gels or adhesives with similar fillers. Unfortunately, greases typically pump out and separate during use. Additionally, some applications that require higher thermal conductivity materials cannot go through a cure profile normally used for non-grease thermal interface materials (TIMs). Use of integrated heat spreaders avoids some of the processing restrictions placed on board-level thermal solutions, but many applications - particularly in mobile electronics - have little space or have significant weight constraints that interfere with the use of a built-in heat spreader. A new 4 W/mK silicone thermal grease with dramatic property improvements has been developed with significant resistance to in-package bleed-out or pump-out, eliminating the reliability problem most commonly encountered with traditional thermal greases.
Preface (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVChapterNEXTPrefaceTanju KaranfilTanju Karanfil Department of Environmental Engineering and Earth Sciences Clemson University Anderson, South Carolina 29625 More by Tanju Karanfil, Bill MitchBill Mitch Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Stanford University Stanford, California 94305 More by Bill Mitch, Paul WesterhoffPaul Westerhoff School of Sustainable Engineering and The Built Environment Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona 85287-3005 More by Paul Westerhoff, and Yuefeng XieYuefeng Xie Civil and Environmental Engineering Programs Capital College The Pennsylvania State University Middletown, Pennsylvania 17057 More by Yuefeng XieDOI: 10.1021/bk-2015-1190.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Web):August 24, 2015Publication History Published online24 August 2015Published inprint 1 January 2015Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Productspp xi-xiiACS Symposium SeriesVol. 1190ISBN13: 9780841230767eISBN: 9780841230774Chapter Views301Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (141 KB) Get e-Alerts
Ribosome binding by tRNAs with fluorescent labeled 3′ termini (1980)

Yeast and E. coli tRNAPhe samples were oxidized and labeled at the 3' end with dansyl hydrazine or fluorescein thiosemicarbazide. These tRNAs can bind to poly(U)-programmed E. coli 70S tight couple ribosomes in 25 mM magnesium at 8 degrees C. Two binding sites with binding constants of about 1 X 10(9) M-1 (P) and 3 X 10(7) M-1 (A) were determined for the yeast tRNAPhe derivatives. With E. coli tRNAPhe the A site affinity is similar to yeast tRNAPhe but the P site affinity is 5-fold weaker. Singlet-singlet energy transfer showd that the distance from the 3' end of tRNAPhe in the P site to a fluorescein derivative of erythromycin is 23 A. This supports in vitro studies suggesting that erythromycin binds near the peptide moiety of peptidyl tRNA. A distance of 34 A between the 3' ends of 2 tRNAs bound simulatneously on the ribosome was also measured. This long distance may mean that the deacylated fluorescent tRNA binds to the A site in an orientation like that in the stringent response rather than in protein synthesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Hydroxy‐Substituted Aza‐Analogues of Antitumor Anthrapyrazoles. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Improved Algebraic Attack on Hamsi-256. (2010)

Abstract. Hamsi is one of the 14 second-stage candidates in NIST’s SHA-3 competition. The only previous attack on this hash function was a very marginal attack on its 256-bit version published by Thomas Fuhr at Asiacrypt 2010, which is better than generic attacks only for very short messages of fewer than 100 32-bit blocks, and is only 26 times faster than a straightforward exhaustive search attack. In this paper we describe a different algebraic attack which is less marginal: It is better than the best known generic attack for all practical message sizes (up to 4 gigabytes), and it outperforms exhaustive search by a factor of at least 512. The attack is based on the observation that in order to discard a possible second preimage, it suffices to show that one of its hashed output bits is wrong. Since the output bits of the compression function of Hamsi-256 can be described by low degree polynomials, it is actually faster to compute a small number of output bits by a fast polynomial evaluation technique rather than via the official algorithm.
Lisää genetiikan osaamista yleislääkäreille (2017)

Arviolta 10 %:lla avoterveydenhuollon potilaista on sairaus, jonka taustalla on geneettisiä tekijöitä. Useissa Euroopan maissa ¬yleislääketieteen erikoislääkärikoulutukseen on lisätty kliinisen genetiikan koulutusta ja näin pitäisi tehdä Suomessakin.
Power-saving Aware Optical Path Assignment for over-Peta-bit-throughput SDM Photonic Node (2021)

We propose a novel optical path assignment algorithm that reduces the power consumption of MC-EDFAs in SDM photonic nodes. We simulate efficient path assignment and experimentally demonstrate its power-saving relative to the conventional algorithm.
Role of conformational dynamics in sequence‐specific autoantibody•ssDNA recognition (2007)

11F8 is a sequence-specific monoclonal anti-ssDNA autoantibody isolated from a lupus prone mouse that forms pathogenic complexes with ssDNA, resulting in kidney damage. Prior studies show that specificity is mediated by a somatic mutation from serine at (31)V(H) to arginine. Reversion back to serine in 11F8 resulted in >30-fold decrease in affinity and altered thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for sequence-specific recognition of its cognate ssDNA ligand. Mutagenesis and structural studies suggest that (R31)V(H) contacts ssDNA via a salt bridge and a bidentate hydrogen bond and may further contribute to specificity by altering binding-site conformation. Fluorescence resonance energy transfer experiments were conducted to assess the kinetics of conformational change during 11F8*ssDNA association. The extent of rearrangement between the six complementary determining regions in the 11F8*ssDNA complex with germline serine or somatically mutated arginine at residue 31 of the heavy chain was examined. Our studies show that greater conformational change occurs in five of six complementarity determining regions after the heavy chain germline J558 sequence undergoes mutation to arginine at (31)V(H).
Expression of Idh1R132H in the Murine Subventricular Zone Stem Cell Niche Recapitulates Features of Early Gliomagenesis (2016)

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutations drive human gliomagenesis, probably through neomorphic enzyme activity that produces D-2-hydroxyglutarate. To model this disease, we conditionally expressed Idh1<sup>R132H</sup> in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the adult mouse brain. The mice developed hydrocephalus and grossly dilated lateral ventricles, with accumulation of 2-hydroxyglutarate and reduced α-ketoglutarate. Stem and transit amplifying/progenitor cell populations were expanded, and proliferation increased. Cells expressing SVZ markers infiltrated surrounding brain regions. SVZ cells also gave rise to proliferative subventricular nodules. DNA methylation was globally increased, while hydroxymethylation was decreased. Mutant SVZ cells overexpressed Wnt, cell-cycle and stem cell genes, and shared an expression signature with human gliomas. Idh1<sup>R132H</sup> mutation in the major adult neurogenic stem cell niche causes a phenotype resembling gliomagenesis.
Full-Scale Tests of Gapped-Inclined Bracing System: Seismic Retrofit for Soft-Story Buildings (2019)

This paper presents the results of full-scale experimental validations of the gapped-inclined bracing (GIB) system, a novel structural device for the seismic retrofit of soft-story buildings. The experiment consisted of three phases. Phase I tested a single brace to investigate its constructability and characterize its component-level performance. The second and third phases compared the reversed-cyclic response of two full-scale RC single-bay, single-story frames representing the soft story of a six-story RC frame: a conventional frame and the same frame retrofitted with GIBs. With the results observed from Phase I, the design considerations and constructability of the GIB system were improved for Phase III. The results of Phases II and III demonstrate that the GIB system significantly increases the lateral drift capacity of the RC frame, shifting strength degradation from ±1.5% for the original frame to more than ±4.0% drift for the retrofitted frame. In addition, even after considerable damage to the columns, the retrofitted frame was able to undergo repeated cycles of up to 7.0% drift without compromising its gravity load-bearing capacity, revealing that the damaged frame develops a stable GIB-only rocking response for large drifts.
Selective Enrichment of a Methanol-Utilizing Consortium Using Pulp and Paper Mill Waste Streams (2007)

Efficient utilization of carbon inputs is critical to the economic viability of the current forest products sector. Input carbon losses occur in various locations within a pulp mill, including losses as volatile organics and wastewater. Opportunities exist to capture this carbon in the form of value-added products such as biodegradable polymers. Wasteactivated sludge from a pulp mill wastewater facility was enriched for 80 days for a methanol-utilizing consortium with the goal of using this consortium to produce biopolymers from methanol-rich pulp mill waste streams. Five enrichment conditions were utilized: three high-methanol streams from the kraft mill foul condensate system, one methanol-amended stream from the mill wastewater plant, and one methanol-only enrichment. Enrichment reactors were operated aerobically in sequencing batch mode at neutral pH and 25°C with a hydraulic residence time and a solids retention time of 4 days. Non-enriched waste activated sludge did not consume methanol or reduce chemical oxygen demand. With enrichment, however, the chemical oxygen demand reduction over 24-h feed/ decant cycles ranged from 79 to 89%, and methanol concentrations dropped below method detection limits. Neither the non-enriched waste-activated sludge nor any of the enrichment cultures accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency. Similarly, the non-enriched waste activated sludge did not accumulate PHAs under nitrogen-limited conditions. By contrast, enriched cultures accumulated PHAs to nearly 14% on a dry weight basis under nitrogen-limited conditions. This indicates that selectively enriched pulp mill waste activated sludge can serve as an inoculum for PHA production from methanol-rich pulp mill effluents.
RIS-Enabled Smart Wireless Environments: Deployment Scenarios, Network Architecture, Bandwidth and Area of Influence (2023)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RISs) constitute the key enabler for programmable electromagnetic propagation environments, and are lately being considered as a candidate physical-layer technology for the demanding connectivity, reliability, localization, and sustainability requirements of next generation wireless networks. In this paper, we first present the deployment scenarios for RIS-enabled smart wireless environments that have been recently designed within the ongoing European Union Horizon 2020 RISE-6G project, as well as a network architecture integrating RISs with existing standardized interfaces. We identify various RIS deployment strategies and sketch the core architectural requirements in terms of RIS control and signaling, depending on the RIS hardware architectures and respective capabilities. Furthermore, we introduce and discuss, with the aid of simulations and reflectarray measurements, two novel metrics that emerge in the context of RIS-empowered wireless systems: the RIS bandwidth and area of influence. Their extensive investigation corroborates the need for careful deployment and planning of the RIS technology in future networks.
Spatial Conditioning of Transfer Functions Using Local Material Distributions (2010)

In many applications of Direct Volume Rendering (DVR) the importance of a certain material or feature is highly dependent on its relative spatial location. For instance, in the medical diagnostic procedure, the patient's symptoms often lead to specification of features, tissues and organs of particular interest. One such example is pockets of gas which, if found inside the body at abnormal locations, are a crucial part of a diagnostic visualization. This paper presents an approach that enhances DVR transfer function design with spatial localization based on user specified material dependencies. Semantic expressions are used to define conditions based on relations between different materials, such as only render iodine uptake when close to liver. The underlying methods rely on estimations of material distributions which are acquired by weighing local neighborhoods of the data against approximations of material likelihood functions. This information is encoded and used to influence rendering according to the user's specifications. The result is improved focus on important features by allowing the user to suppress spatially less-important data. In line with requirements from actual clinical DVR practice, the methods do not require explicit material segmentation that would be impossible or prohibitively time-consuming to achieve in most real cases. The scheme scales well to higher dimensions which accounts for multi-dimensional transfer functions and multivariate data. Dual-Energy Computed Tomography, an important new modality in radiology, is used to demonstrate this scalability. In several examples we show significantly improved focus on clinically important aspects in the rendered images.
Carbamate Derivatives of Indolines as Cholinesterase Inhibitors and Antioxidants for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (2012)

The cascade of events that occurs in Alzheimer's disease involving oxidative stress and the reduction in cholinergic transmission can be better addressed by multifunctional drugs than cholinesterase inhibitors alone. For this purpose, we prepared a large number of derivatives of indoline-3-propionic acids and esters. They showed scavenging activity against different radicals in solution and significant protection against cytotoxicity in cardiomyocytes and primary cultures of neuronal cells exposed to H2O2 species and serum deprivation at concentrations ranging from 1 nM to 10 μM depending on the compound. For most of the indoline-3-propionic acid derivatives, introduction of N-methyl-N-ethyl or N-methyl-N-(4-methoxyphenyl) carbamate moieties at positions 4, 6, or 7 conferred both acetyl (AChE) and butyryl (BuChE) cholinesterase inhibitory activities at similar concentrations to those that showed antioxidant activity. The most potent AChE inhibitors were 120 (3-(2-aminoethyl) indolin-4-yl ethyl(methyl)carbamate dihydrochloride) and 94 (3-(3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl)-4-(((4-methoxyphenyl)(methyl) carbamoyl)oxy)indolin-1-ium hydrochloride) with IC50s of 0.4 and 1.2 μM, respectively.
Localization of methanol dehydrogenase in two strains of methylotrophic bacteria detected by immunogold labeling (1992)

Antibodies to methanol dehydrogenase purified from Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1 and Methylomonas sp. strain A4 were raised. The antibody preparations were used in indirect immunogold labeling studies. With this approach, methanol dehydrogenase was found to be preferentially localized to the periplasmic region of the methylotroph Methylobacterium sp. strain AM1 and to the intracytoplasmic membrane of the methanotroph Methylomonas sp. strain A4. Antibody cross-reactivity to other methylotrophic bacteria was detected.
Three-dimensional polarization ray-tracing calculus I: definition and diattenuation (2011)

A three-by-three polarization ray-tracing matrix method for polarization ray tracing in optical systems is presented for calculating the polarization transformations associated with ray paths through optical systems. The method is a three-dimensional generalization of the Jones calculus. Reflection and refraction algorithms are provided. Diattenuation of the optical system is calculated via singular value decomposition. Two numerical examples, a three fold-mirror system and a hollow corner cube, demonstrate the method.
Illuminating Metal-Ion Sensors: Benzimidazolesulfonamide Metal Complexes (2010)

The synthesis, structure, and solution spectroscopy of several (2-sulfonamidophenyl)benzimidazole metal complexes are reported. These ligands, which have been reported as selective molecular sensors for Zn(2+), readily form complexes with Co(2+), Ni(2+), Cu(2+), and Zn(2+). Surprisingly, the ligand adopts different binding modes depending on the metal ion. The work here provides insight into the coordination chemistry of these ligands, which may allow for the development of improved metal-ion sensors and metalloprotein inhibitors.
Cover Image (2020)

The cover image is based on the RESEARCH ARTICLE Saccharomyces cerevisiae and pastorianus Species and Strain Differentiation by Direct Analysis in Real Time Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry by Robert B. Cody https://doi.org/10.1002/rcm.8835.
Plasma Wave Generation in a Self-Focused Channel of a Relativistically Intense Laser Pulse (1998)

Evidence for self-channeling of a relativistically intense laser pulse in an underdense plasma is presented through Schlieren and $90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ Thomson sidescatter images. Using collective Thomson scattering of a probe beam, we observe that relativistically propagating plasma waves are excited over the entire length of the channel, up to 12 Rayleigh lengths $(\ensuremath{\approx}4\mathrm{mm})$. From the wave amplitude, the intensity inside the channel is estimated to be $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{18}\mathrm{W}/\mathrm{cm}{}^{2}$.
Joint Topic Modeling and Factor Analysis of Textual Information and Graded Response Data (2013)

Modern machine learning methods are critical to the development of large-scale personalized learning systems that cater directly to the needs of individual learners. The recently developed SPARse Factor Analysis (SPARFA) framework provides a new statistical model and algorithms for machine learning-based learning analytics, which estimate a learner's knowledge of the latent concepts underlying a domain, and content analytics, which estimate the relationships among a collection of questions and the latent concepts. SPARFA estimates these quantities given only the binary-valued graded responses to a collection of questions. In order to better interpret the estimated latent concepts, SPARFA relies on a post-processing step that utilizes user-defined tags (e.g., topics or keywords) available for each question. In this paper, we relax the need for user-defined tags by extending SPARFA to jointly process both graded learner responses and the text of each question and its associated answer(s) or other feedback. Our purely data-driven approach (i) enhances the interpretability of the estimated latent concepts without the need of explicitly generating a set of tags or performing a post-processing step, (ii) improves the prediction performance of SPARFA, and (iii) scales to large test/assessments where human annotation would prove burdensome. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach on two real educational datasets.