gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deep electrode insertion and sound coding in cochlear implants (2014)

Present-day cochlear implants demonstrate remarkable speech understanding performance despite the use of non-optimized coding strategies concerning the transmission of tonal information. Most systems rely on place pitch information despite possibly large deviations from correct tonotopic placement of stimulation sites. Low frequency information is limited as well because of the constant pulse rate stimulation generally used and, being even more restrictive, of the limited insertion depth of the electrodes. This results in a compromised perception of music and tonal languages. Newly available flexible long straight electrodes permit deep insertion reaching the apical region with little or no insertion trauma. This article discusses the potential benefits of deep insertion which are obtained using pitch-locked temporal stimulation patterns. Besides the access to low frequency information, further advantages of deeply inserted long electrodes are the possibility to better approximate the correct tonotopic location of contacts, the coverage of a wider range of cochlear locations, and the somewhat reduced channel interaction due to the wider contact separation for a given number of channels. A newly developed set of strategies has been shown to improve speech understanding in noise and to enhance sound quality by providing a more "natural" impression, which especially becomes obvious when listening to music. The benefits of deep insertion should not, however, be compromised by structural damage during insertion. The small cross section and the high flexibility of the new electrodes can help to ensure less traumatic insertions as demonstrated by patients' hearing preservation rate. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled <Lasker Award>.
Characterization of the azidopine and vinblastine binding site of P-glycoprotein. (1992)

To determine the number of drug binding sites that exist on the multidrug transporter, P-glycoprotein, we used azidopine, a dihydropyridine photoaffinity compound that reverses multidrug resistance and labels P-glycoprotein. Azidopine labels P-glycoprotein in two distinct locations: one labeled site is within the amino half of P-glycoprotein between amino acid residues 198 and 440, and the other site is within the carboxy half of the protein. Vinblastine is a cytotoxic drug that is used in cancer chemotherapy and is a substrate for transport by P-glycoprotein. We found that vinblastine inhibits azidopine labeling to approximately the same extent at each labeled site on P-glycoprotein. Because several studies have shown that amino acid residue 185 of P-glycoprotein plays a critical role in some aspects of drug binding and transport, we also studied the effect that amino acid residue 185 has on azidopine labeling. These studies show that azidopine labels both sites equivalently in both wild-type (G185) and mutant (V185) P-glycoproteins. We conclude from our results that the two halves of P-glycoprotein approach each other to form a single binding site for these drugs.
4H-SiC Planar MESFETs on High-Purity Semi-Insulating Substrates (2007)

Planar MESFETs were fabricated on high-purity semi-insulating (HPSI) 4H-SiC substrates. The saturation drain current of the fabricated MESFETs with a gate length of 0.5 μm and a gate width of 100 μm was 430 mA/mm, and the transconductance was 25 mS/mm. The maximum oscillation frequency and cut-off frequency were 26.4 GHz and 7.2 GHz, respectively. The power gain was 8.4 dB and the maximum output power density was 2.8 W/mm for operation of class A at CW 2 GHz. MESFETs on HPSI substrates showed no current instability and much higher output power density in comparison to MESFETs on vanadium-doped SI substrates.
Editorial: Insights in autoimmune and autoinflammatory disorders: 2021 (2022)

The Research Topic: Insights in Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Disorders: 2021 was implemented to highlight latest advancements in research across the field of Immunology in Autoimmunity and Autoinflammation by discussing recent advances, current challenges, and future perspectives. Under the Research Topic 13 articles were published, 10 contributions highlight topics relevant to autoimmune diseases and 3 to autoinflammation.
Tumor glucose metabolism imagedin vivoin small animals with whole-body photoacoustic computed tomography (2012)

With the increasing use of small animals for human disease studies, small-animal whole-body molecular imaging plays an important role in biomedical research. Currently, none of the existing imaging modalities can provide both anatomical and glucose molecular information, leading to higher costs of building dual-modality systems. Even with image co-registration, the spatial resolution of the molecular imaging modality is not improved. Utilizing a ring-shaped confocal photoacoustic computed tomography system, we demonstrate, for the first time, that both anatomy and glucose uptake can be imaged in a single modality. Anatomy was imaged with the endogenous hemoglobin contrast, and glucose metabolism was imaged with a near-infrared dye-labeled 2-deoxyglucose.
Femtosecond coherent control of THz spectra driven by free- and coupled electrons in gas plasma (2013)

We demonstrate in the experiment and simulations that interference between two contributions into the terahertz wave generation in a femtosecond filament, namely, the free electron photocurrent and the nonlinear polarization of neutrals, can be used for the femtosecond coherent control of the THz spectra.
Remote Chemical Sensing by SERS with Self-Assembly Plasmonic Nanoparticle Arrays on a Fiber (2022)

An optical fiber was modified at the tip with a self-assembled plasmonic metamaterial that acts as a miniature surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. This optical fiber-based device co-localizes the laser probe signal and the chemical analyte at a distance remote from the spectrometer, and returns the scattered light signal to the spectrometer for analysis. Remote SERS chemical detection is possible in liquids and in dried samples. Under laboratory conditions, the analyte SERS signal can be separated from the background signal of the fiber itself and the solvent. An enhancement factor greater than 35,000 is achieved with a monolayer of the SERS marker 4-aminothiophenol.
Assessment of stored red blood cells through lab-on-a-chip technologies for precision transfusion medicine (2023)

Transfusion of red blood cells (RBCs) is one of the most valuable and widespread treatments in modern medicine. Lifesaving RBC transfusions are facilitated by the cold storage of RBC units in blood banks worldwide. Currently, RBC storage and subsequent transfusion practices are performed using simplistic workflows. More specifically, most blood banks follow the "first-in-first-out" principle to avoid wastage, whereas most healthcare providers prefer the "last-in-first-out" approach simply favoring chronologically younger RBCs. Neither approach addresses recent advances through -omics showing that stored RBC quality is highly variable depending on donor-, time-, and processing-specific factors. Thus, it is time to rethink our workflows in transfusion medicine taking advantage of novel technologies to perform RBC quality assessment. We imagine a future where lab-on-a-chip technologies utilize novel predictive markers of RBC quality identified by -omics and machine learning to usher in a new era of safer and precise transfusion medicine.
Sucrose pretreatment increases desiccation tolerance in wampee ( Clausena lansium ) axes. (2003)

A study was conducted to facilitate increased dehydration of excised wampee (cv. Jixin) axes by manipulating culture conditions leading to increased possibilities of successful cryopreservation. Silica gel-dried axes had decreased water content (49.3-31.1%). Plumules were damaged but hypocotyls and radicles still grew well. After preculturing with a sucrose gradient, axes were cultured on woody plant medium (WPM) for 30 days. Increasing sucrose concentration recorded heavier plumule damage and decreased water content and plantlet formation. Upon raising sucrose concentration to 35%, water content decreased to 47.8% and all axes lost plantlet formation ability, i.e. they had only hypocotyls and radicles, but not plumules and could not form normal seedlings. Preculturing axes on WPM for 3 weeks produced seedlings with 10-mm-long hypocotyls and roots. Using silica gel to dry sprouting axes to 46.9% water content resulted in loss of viability (30%), withered roots (60%) or normal appearance (10%). Sprouting axes precultured for 7 days on WPM containing 27% sucrose prior to dehydration with silica gel all survived and appeared normal at 46%. Monitoring water content for root tissue separately from surviving hypocotyls and shoot portions of dehydrated sprouting axes revealed serious dehydration in roots. The drying rate of radicles was faster than that of hypocotyls and shoots. Sprouting axes grew well after drying to 37% moisture content (60% sucrose concentration); however, continued drying (65% sucrose) gave fewer normal seedlings. Gradient-sucrose preculture and silica gel treatment lowered the axes water content to 25.3% (55% sucrose) or 17.6% (60% sucrose), and 64 or 51% of seedlings, respectively, survived with withered roots. Sprouting axes with a living plumule but withered root retained the capacity for new root formation, when cultured on WPM with the appropriate combination and concentration of NAA and IBA.
Abstract 1595: Small molecule inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase CBL-B results in potent T and NK cell mediated anti-tumor response (2021)

Abstract The E3 ubiquitin ligase Casitas B-lineage lymphoma b (CBL-B) is expressed in T cells where it functions as an important negative regulator of immune activation. CBL-B d attenuates T-cell activation initiated by TCR engagement in part by mediating the requirement for CD28 co-stimulation, thus setting the threshold for T cell activation. CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from mice deficient in cbl-b have 5 to 10-fold enhanced secretion of IL-2 and IFN-γ when stimulated ex vivo with anti-CD3. Cbl-b deficient mice also demonstrate enhanced NK cell function. Here we describe NX-1607, an investigational, orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of CBL-B. NX-1607 demonstrates potent biochemical inhibition of CBL-B leading to stimulatory effects on human immune cells at low nanomolar concentrations. NX-1607 induction of IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion occurs in primary human T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 antibodies, in both the presence and absence of CD28 co-stimulation, although to a lesser degree in the absence of co-stimulation. In vivo, oral administration of NX-1607 in mice demonstrated significant tumor growth inhibition in two colon carcinoma tumor models, CT26 and MC38, as well as a triple negative breast tumor model, 4T1. The change in tumor microenvironment caused by NX-1607 treatment leads to rapid NK cell infiltration followed by infiltration of activated CD8+ T cells. Depletion of CD8+ T cells or NK cells completely abrogated NX-1607 antitumor activity. Importantly, the combination of NX-1607 and anti-PD-1 can substantially increase the median overall survival and the frequency of complete tumor rejections in all three tumor models. These studies provide significant insights into the antitumor activity of this novel, small molecule E3 ligase inhibitor and deliver experimental support for clinical development of NX-1607 given as monotherapy or in combination with PD-1 blockade. Citation Format: Ryan Rountree, Frederick Cohen, Austin Tenn-McClellan, Alexandra Borodovsky, Marilena Gallotta, Jennifer Stokes, Jose Gomez Romo, Chris Karim, Gwenn M. Hansen, Cristiana Guiducci, Arthur Sands, Jennifa Gosling. Small molecule inhibition of the ubiquitin ligase CBL-B results in potent T and NK cell mediated anti-tumor response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1595.
Extreme Temperature Coatings for Future Gas Turbine Engines (2014)

The National Energy Technology Laboratory-Regional University Alliance (NETL-RUA) has been developing extreme temperature coating systems that consist of a diffusion barrier coating (DBC), a low-cost wet slurry bond coat, a commercial yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coating (TBC), and an extreme temperature external coating that are deposited along the surface of nickel-based superalloys and single crystal metal substrates. Thermal cyclic testing of these multilayer coatings was conducted in steam-containing environments at temperatures ranging between 1100 and 1550 °C. This paper discusses the response of these materials during bench-scale testing, and their potential use in advanced H- and J-class land-based gas turbine engines.
Practical Synthesis of Di‐tert‐Butyl‐Phosphinoferrocene (2014)

Abstract Ferrocene Tetrahydrofuran Potassium tert ‐butoxide tert ‐Butyllithium Di‐ tert ‐butylchlorophosphine Tetrafluoroboric acid Di‐ tert ‐butylphosphinoferrocene
<title>Picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman spectroscopy of bacteriorhodopsin: structure and kinetics of the J, K, and KL intermediates</title> (1991)

Picosecond resonance Raman spectroscopy has been used to obtain structural information on the primary photointermediates of bacteriorhodopsin. A synchronously pumped dye laser was amplified at 50 Hz to produce a probe pulse at 589 nm. A second, spectrally distinct, pump pulse at 550 nm was generated by amplification of a 10 nm portion of a continuum produced from the probe pulse. This apparatus was used to record spectra of the J, K, and KL intermediates. The J spectrum exhibits strong hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) intensity and the fingerprint region consists of a broad series of lines centered at 1180 cm-1. By 3 ps, K has formed and the relative HOOP intensity decreases while the fingerprint collapses to a single mode at 1190 cm-1, characteristic of a 13-cis chromophore. These results argue that J contains a highly twisted chromophore which relaxes upon conversion to K and that isomerization is complete within 3 ps. Between 3 ps and 3.7 ns there is a resurgence in HOOP intensity and the ethylenic frequency rises from 1518 to 1521 cm-1 indicating the conversion of K to KL.
Le virus myxomateux vecteur vaccinal : application à la vaccination contre la bluetongue (2006)

National audience
Li+−Diglyme Complexes:  Barriers to Lithium Cation Migration (1998)

The potential energy surfaces of Li+−diglyme and Li+−triglyme complexes, which are models for poly(ethylene oxide) electrolytes, have been investigated at the HF/6-31G(d) and MP2/6-31+G(d) levels of theory. Eighteen local minima were located that correspond to coordination of Li+ with one to four oxygens. The binding energies of the complexes increase with coordination of Li+ by oxygen, although the binding per Li−O bond decreases. The potential energy surfaces for lithium cation migration between one- and two-coordination sites and two- and three-coordination sites in the Li+−diglyme complexes were investigated, and five transition states were located. While the barriers are small (less than 2 kcal/mol) for lithium cation migration from lower to higher coordination, the barriers are large (20−30 kcal/mol) for higher to lower coordination. The latter corresponds to the barrier for transfer of Li+ from one end of diglyme to the other and is approximately the difference in binding energy of the higher and lower coordination structures. The implications for Li+ migration along a single polymer chain in lithium−poly(ethylene oxide) are discussed.
CYTOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF NITRITE DURING ISCHEMIA-REPERFUSION OF THE LIVER (2004)

Purpose: Nitrite (NO2−) has been identified as an important circulating storage form of nitric oxide (NO) and is bioactivated by deoxyhemoglobin and other deoxygenated tissue heme proteins in ischemic tissues. We hypothesized that conversion of nitrite to NO during ischemia would protect against hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Methods: Using C57BL6 mice, sodium nitrite, and saline were injected in-traperitoneally following hepatic ischemia. This was followed by reperfusion for 5 hours for analysis of liver enzymes and 24 hrs for pathological analysis. The NO scavenger Carboxy-PTIO and the heme-oxygenase-1 inhibitor, ZnDBG were used to study the intracellular effects of nitrite therapy. Measurements of liver nitrite levels and NO metabolites were performed using tri-iodide-based reductive chemiluminescence. Results: Nitrite administration re sulted in adose dependent reduction in AST levels, and necrosis equal to sham controls, with peakeffect at a concentration of 24 μM (Figure). [figure 1] * p <0.05 vs 0μ.M and ** p,0.01 vs 0μ.M. Consistent with hypoxia dependent nitrite bioactivation, nitrite was reduced to NO, S- and N-nitrosated proteins within 30 mins of reperfusion. The NO scavenger, PTIO, completely inhibited the effects of nitrite. eNOS deficiency or heme-oxygenase-1 inhibition did not attenuate the cytoprotective effects of nitrite therapy. In contrast, sodium nitrate(24 μM) did not protect the ischemic liver.FigureConclusions: These data demonstrate a remarkable function for the relatively simple inorganic anion nitrite as a potent inhibitor of liver I/R injury. Cytoprotection conferred by nitrite treatment appears to be mediated through NO and formation of other nitrosylated compounds. Nitrite could be used as a novel therapeutic agent in treatment of ischemic liver, shock, liver surgery and transplantation.
The Wandering Logic of Intelligence - Or Yet Another View o Nomadic Communications (1999)

Whatever is flexible and flowing will tend to grow... (Dao De Jing) This paper presents a third generation (UMTS/IMT2000) integrated network architecture among Flexible Intelligent Network Elements (FINEs) based on the multimedia multimode (client, server and agent) IN Service Node concept ([1],[2]), to perform a crafty Unified Media Communications Service (UMCS) across heterogeneous networks. The FINE architecture represents a network of configurable elements allowing user access to a Unified Message Store (UMS) and Universal Communications Channel (UCC) via traditional PSTNIISDN/PLMN equipment such as telephones, pagers and fax machines on the one side and networked computers and mobile terminals equipped with mail readers, web browsers and video codecs to enable both on-line and off­ line interactions. A virtual cluster of FINEs within an integrated personal communications network is dynamically configured in a distributed or centralised manner according to user profile requirements, network size and performance to provide artful messaging and conferencing services in a changing environment. Each FINEC can be deployed in some of the three modes --- independent (server), dependent (client) and autonomous (agent) --­with respect to the user/network configuration, thus allowing a dynamically configurable (per user/ per node/ per service) centralised or distributed service architecture. The FINE itself is organised along with other nodes by a Network Operation Support Environment (NOSE), a service oriented and TMN compliant Operation, Administration & Maintenance Center. Service logic can be transferred, installed and mounted on demand among the FINE Controllers and the terminal equipment to provide optimal QoS.
Method of manufacturing a large-area segmented photovoltaic module (2023)

One embodiment of the invention relates to a segmented photovoltaic (PV) module which is manufactured from laminate segments. The segmented PV module includes rectangular-shaped laminate segments formed from rectangular-shaped PV laminates and further includes non-rectangular-shaped laminate segments formed from rectangular-shaped and approximately-triangular-shaped PV laminates. The laminate segments are mechanically joined and electrically interconnected to form the segmented module. Another embodiment relates to a method of manufacturing a large-area segmented photovoltaic module from laminate segments of various shapes. Other embodiments relate to processes for providing a photovoltaic array for installation at a site. Other embodiments and features are also disclosed.
Quantitative imaging of cis-regulatory reporters in living embryos (2002)

A confocal laser scanning microscopy method has been developed for the quantitation of green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a reporter of gene activity in living three-dimensional structures such as sea urchin and starfish embryos. This method is between 2 and 50 times more accurate than conventional confocal microscopy procedures depending on the localization of GFP within an embryo. By using coinjected Texas red dextran as an internal fluorescent standard, the observed GFP intensity is corrected for variations in laser excitation and fluorescence collection efficiency. To relate the recorded image intensity to the number of GFP molecules, the embryos were lysed gently, and a fluorometric analysis of their contents was performed. Confocal laser scanning microscopy data collection from a single sea urchin blastula required less than 2 min, thereby allowing gene expression in dozens of embryos to be monitored in parallel with high spatial and temporal resolution.
Megabase-scale deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a fully haploid human cell line (2014)

Near-haploid human cell lines are instrumental for genetic screens and genome engineering as gene inactivation is greatly facilitated by the absence of a second gene copy. However, no completely haploid human cell line has been described, hampering the genetic accessibility of a subset of genes. The near-haploid human cell line HAP1 contains a single copy of all chromosomes except for a heterozygous 30-megabase fragment of Chromosome 15. This large fragment encompasses 330 genes and is integrated on the long arm of Chromosome 19. Here, we employ a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering strategy to excise this sizeable chromosomal fragment and to efficiently and reproducibly derive clones that retain their haploid state. Importantly, spectral karyotyping and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping revealed that engineered-HAPloid (eHAP) cells are fully haploid with no gross chromosomal aberrations induced by Cas9. Furthermore, whole-genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of the parental HAP1 and an eHAP cell line showed that transcriptional changes are limited to the excised Chromosome 15 fragment. Together, we demonstrate the feasibility of efficiently engineering megabase deletions with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and report the first fully haploid human cell line.
Adaptive optics for optical microscopy [Invited] (2023)

Optical microscopy is widely used to visualize fine structures. When applied to bioimaging, its performance is often degraded by sample-induced aberrations. In recent years, adaptive optics (AO), originally developed to correct for atmosphere-associated aberrations, has been applied to a wide range of microscopy modalities, enabling high- or super-resolution imaging of biological structure and function in complex tissues. Here, we review classic and recently developed AO techniques and their applications in optical microscopy.
Analysis of a vibrotactile actuator for bicycle handlebars (2017)

Vibrotactile systems are convenient solutions for managing interaction between automatic control systems and humans. This paper develops a vibrotactile assistance system (VAS) for high performance bicycles. The system is designed to assist the rider during braking in order to minimize the time to stop, increasing performances and safety. The proposed control architecture is the result of the low cost system requirement and the need to minimize the response time from wheel slip to vibrotactile feedback. A cascade control architecture guarantees the precise control of the excitation frequency and short delays between the front wheel slip and the stimulus to the rider. The controllers are tested on a test bed bike.