gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shape-Memory Polymeric Artificial Muscles: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges (2020)

Shape-memory materials are smart materials that can remember an original shape and return to their unique state from a deformed secondary shape in the presence of an appropriate stimulus. This property allows these materials to be used as shape-memory artificial muscles, which form a subclass of artificial muscles. The shape-memory artificial muscles are fabricated from shape-memory polymers (SMPs) by twist insertion, shape fixation via T<sub>m</sub> or T<sub>g</sub>, or by liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs). The prepared SMP artificial muscles can be used in a wide range of applications, from biomimetic and soft robotics to actuators, because they can be operated without sophisticated linkage design and can achieve complex final shapes. Recently, significant achievements have been made in fabrication, modelling, and manipulation of SMP-based artificial muscles. This paper presents a review of the recent progress in shape-memory polymer-based artificial muscles. Here we focus on the mechanisms of SMPs, applications of SMPs as artificial muscles, and the challenges they face concerning actuation. While shape-memory behavior has been demonstrated in several stimulated environments, our focus is on thermal-, photo-, and electrical-actuated SMP artificial muscles.
Is breathing in infants chaotic? Dimension estimates for respiratory patterns during quiet sleep (1999)

We describe an analysis of dynamic behavior apparent in times-series recordings of infant breathing during sleep. Three principal techniques were used: estimation of correlation dimension, surrogate data analysis, and reduced linear (autoregressive) modeling (RARM). Correlation dimension can be used to quantify the complexity of time series and has been applied to a variety of physiological and biological measurements. However, the methods most commonly used to estimate correlation dimension suffer from some technical problems that can produce misleading results if not correctly applied. We used a new technique of estimating correlation dimension that has fewer problems. We tested the significance of dimension estimates by comparing estimates with artificial data sets (surrogate data). On the basis of the analysis, we conclude that the dynamics of infant breathing during quiet sleep can best be described as a nonlinear dynamic system with large-scale, low-dimensional and small-scale, high-dimensional behavior; more specifically, a noise-driven nonlinear system with a two-dimensional periodic orbit. Using our RARM technique, we identified the second period as cyclic amplitude modulation of the same period as periodic breathing. We conclude that our data are consistent with respiration being chaotic.
Prostate Clinical Outlook Visualization System for Patients and Clinicians Considering Cyberknife Treatment—A Personalized Approach (2018)

Background: When a patient presents with localized prostate cancer, referral for radiation oncology consultation includes a discussion of likely outcomes of therapy. Among current radiation treatments for prostate cancers, hypo-fractionated stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has gained clinical acceptance based on efficacy, short duration of treatment, and the potential radiobiological advantages. The Prostate Clinical Outlook Visualization System (PCOVS) was developed to provide the patient and the clinician with a tool to visualize probable treatment outcomes using institutional, patient specific data for comparing results of treatment. Methods: We calculated the prostate cancer outcomes—for each prospective patient using the EPIC-26 quality of life parameters based on clinical outcomes data of 580 prostate cancer patients who were treated with SBRT. We applied Kaplan-Meier analysis using the ASTRO definition for biochemical recurrence (BCR) free survival and likely outcome and the PCOVS nomogram to calculate parameters for quality of life. Open-source R, RShiny, and MySQL were used to develop a modularized architecture system. Results: The PCOVS presents patient specific risk scores in a gauge chart style and risk free probability bar plots to compare the treatment data of patients treated with SBRT. The PCOVS generates reports, in PDF, which consists of a comparison charts of risk free probabilities late effects and gauge charts of risk scores. This system is now being expanded as a web-based service to patients. Conclusions: The PCOVS visualized patient specific likely outcomes were compared to treatment data from a single department, helping the patient and the clinician to visualize likely outcomes. The PCOVS approach can be expanded to other specialties of oncology with the flexible, modularized architecture, which can be customized by changing independent modules.
Optimal wire and transistor sizing for circuits with non-tree topology (1997)

Conventional methods for optimal sizing of wires and transistors use linear RC circuit models and the Elmore delay as a measure of signal delay. If the RC circuit has a tree topology the sizing problem reduces to a convex optimization problem which can be solved using geometric programming. The tree topology restriction precludes the use of these methods in several sizing problems of significant importance to high-performance deep submicron design including, for example, circuits with loops of resistors, e.g., clock distribution meshes, and circuits with coupling capacitors, e.g., buses with crosstalk between the lines. The paper proposes a new optimization method which can be used to address these problems. The method uses the dominant time constant as a measure of signal propagation delay in an RC circuit, instead of Elmore delay. Using this measure, sizing of any RC circuit can be cast as a convex optimization problem which can be solved using the recently developed efficient interior-point methods for semidefinite programming. The method is applied to two important sizing problems --- sizing of clock meshes, and sizing of buses in the presence of crosstalk.
AFRİKA’DA E-SAĞLIĞIN GELİŞİMİ VE FIRSATLAR: GABON ÖRNEĞİ (2017)

E-Health is a modern tool that permits to collect, analyzes, manage and share health information in better way in order of healthcare services improvement. The fact that e-Health is attracted and widely used in developed countries showing that it is offering suitable, sustainable and challenging solutions to health system by ensuring the benefits of using ICT technologies. From this point of view, it now appears that African countries may also fruitful experience e-Health in the goal to improve the quality of their health services. This paper discusses the main opportunities and development of e-Health for African countries based on its components and strategies. Gabon, a central African country, was chosen as a sample country where the main challenges of e-Health were investigated. Considering the whole health issues in Gabon these innovative health solutions can also be profitable by establishing legal frameworks and functional strategies in the purpose of providing financially affordable, reliable and more effective healthcare services. From this regards, because much endeavors remain to be done in the field of healthcare provisions, government as policy maker should be more active in taking actions for use of these IT technologies.
Shoot growth in aseptically cultivated daylily and haplopappus plantlets after a 5‐day spaceflight (1992)

Plantlets of daylily (Hemerocallis cv. Autumn Blaze) regenerated from cell suspensions, and 4 clonal populations of Haplopappus gracilis were aseptically cultivated aboard the Shuttle "Discovery" during a 5-day mission within NASA's Plant Growth Unit (PGU) apparatus. Daylily was selected as a representative herbaceous perennial monocotyledon and the haplopappus clones represented an annual dicotyledon. The latter included 4 strains with different physiological and morphological characteristics: two aseptic seedling clones (each generated from a single seedling) and two tissue culture-derived lines. Mean daily growth rates for the primary shoots of all plantlets averaged 4.13 mm day-1 (SD = 2.20) for the flight experiment and 4.68 mm day-1 (SD = 2.59) for the ground control. Comparable growth rates calculated by summing both the primary and secondary shoots for all plantlets were 5.94 mm day-1 (SD = 2.89) for the flight experiment and 6.38 mm day-1 (SD = 3.71) for the control. Statistically significant differences existed between: (1) flight vs control primary shoot growth (the controls growing more than plantlets subjected to spaceflight conditions), (2) the different populations (the daylily gaining more shoot material than any of the haplopappus populations and the haplopappus seedling clones outperforming the tissue culture-derived haplopappus lines), and (3) the individual Plant Growth Chambers contained within the PGU. The data suggest that some spaceflight-associated factor(s) increased the tendency for primary shoot apices to degrade or senesce, resulting in the release of apical dominance and permitting the emergence of axillary branches, which subsequently partially compensated for the reduced primary axis growth. In addition to spaceflight-associated factors, the physiologically diverse nature of the experimental material as well as environmental heterogeneities within the culture apparatus contributed to the variation in growth results. The findings could explain some discrepancies reported from various plant culture experiments conducted in space.
Isolation of ras GTP-binding mutants using an in situ colony-binding assay. (1986)

We have developed a strategy to isolate mutant ras genes encoding proteins defective in GTP binding. Random in vitro mutagenesis of a v-Harvey (Ha)-ras expression vector was followed by an in situ GTP-binding assay on lysed bacterial colonies. Single amino acid substitutions at ras codon 83, 119, or 144 decreased the affinity of p21 for GTP by a factor of 25-100 primarily as a consequence of increased rates of dissociation of GTP from p21. Nevertheless, these mutant genes induced transformation of NIH 3T3 cells with efficiencies comparable to wild-type v-Ha-ras. In transformed cells, mutant p21s were phosphorylated to a degree similar to that of wild-type v-Ha-ras p21, suggesting that a decrease in affinity by a factor of 100 did not prevent the mutant ras protein from binding GTP in vivo. These results are discussed with respect to the role of GTP in the regulation of p21 function.
Modeling particle formation during low-pressure silane oxidation: Detailed chemical kinetics and aerosol dynamics (2001)

A detailed chemical kinetic model is presented for silicon oxide clustering that leads to particle nucleation during low-pressure silane oxidation. Quantum Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel theory was applied to an existing high-pressure silane oxidation mechanism to obtain estimates for the pressure dependence of rate parameters. Four classes of clustering pathways were considered based on current knowledge of reaction kinetics and cluster properties in the Si–H–O system. The species conservation equations and a moment-type aerosol dynamics model were formulated for a batch reactor undergoing homogeneous nucleation and particle growth by surface reactions and coagulation. The chemical kinetics model was coupled to the aerosol dynamics model, and time-dependent zero-dimensional simulations were conducted. The effects of pressure and temperature were examined, and the main contributing processes to particle formation and growth were assessed, for conditions around 0.8 Torr, 773 K, and an initial oxygen-to-silane ratio of 15.
RE: STRATEGIES FOR TRANSPLANTATION OF CADAVERIC KIDNEYS WITH CONGENITAL FUSION ANOMALIES (2002)

No AccessJournal of UrologyCLINICAL UROLOGY: Letters to the Editor1 Mar 2002RE: STRATEGIES FOR TRANSPLANTATION OF CADAVERIC KIDNEYS WITH CONGENITAL FUSION ANOMALIES R.G. Uzzo, T.H.S. Hsu, D.A. Goldfarb, R.J. Taylor, A.C. Novick, and I.S. Gill R.G. UzzoR.G. Uzzo More articles by this author , T.H.S. HsuT.H.S. Hsu More articles by this author , D.A. GoldfarbD.A. Goldfarb More articles by this author , R.J. TaylorR.J. Taylor More articles by this author , A.C. NovickA.C. Novick More articles by this author , and I.S. GillI.S. Gill More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)65321-9AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "RE: STRATEGIES FOR TRANSPLANTATION OF CADAVERIC KIDNEYS WITH CONGENITAL FUSION ANOMALIES." The Journal of Urology, 167(3), p. 1405 References 1 : Anomalies of the kidney and ureteropelvic junction. In: Campbell’s Urology. Edited by . Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.1998: 1708. chapt. 58. Google Scholar 2 : Horseshoe kidney transplantation: an overview. Clin Transplant2000; 14: 515. Google Scholar 3 : Strategies for the successful transplantation of the horseshoe kidney.. J Urol1993; 150: 958. Abstract, Google Scholar © 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 167Issue 3March 2002Page: 1405 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2002 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information R.G. Uzzo More articles by this author T.H.S. Hsu More articles by this author D.A. Goldfarb More articles by this author R.J. Taylor More articles by this author A.C. Novick More articles by this author I.S. Gill More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Robust Transmission of 29-Gb/s OFDM Signal Over 1-km OM1 MMF Under Center Launching (2012)

Center launching is a simple and straightforward method to couple optical signals to a multimode fiber (MMF), and able to preferentially excite a few lower-order modes with reduced modal dispersion. However, system imperfections and mechanical perturbations will excite undesired higher order modes, leading to a selectively faded channel frequency response. For this reason, center launching is conventionally less favorable than offset launching when on-off keying is used. This problem can be circumvented by leveraging on the fine frequency granularity of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signal, which is inherently less sensitive to the frequency fading. We have experimentally demonstrated the transmission of a 40-Gb/s OFDM signal (net data rate of 29.48 Gb/s) over 1-km G62.5/125 MMF without using complicated bit-and-power loading. The channel bandwidth is less than 9.1 GHz. We also demonstrate the robustness of the system against fiber bending, polarization variation, unmatched launch beam spot size, as well as its long-term stability.
Impact of Epithelial–Stromal Interactions on Peritumoral Fibroblasts in Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (2018)

A PDGFRα(low)/PDGFRβ(high) fibroblast subset was identified as a marker for high-risk DCIS. The Jagged-1/Notch2/PDGFR stroma-epithelial pathway was described as a novel signaling mechanism regulating this poor prognosis-associated fibroblast subset. In general terms, the study highlights epithelial-stromal crosstalk in DCIS and contributes to ongoing efforts to define clinically relevant fibroblast subsets and their etiology.
Wavelet Conditional Renormalization Group (2022)

We develop a multiscale approach to estimate high-dimensional probability distributions from a dataset of physical fields or configurations observed in experiments or simulations. In this way we can estimate energy functions (or Hamiltonians) and efficiently generate new samples of many-body systems in various domains, from statistical physics to cosmology. Our method -- the Wavelet Conditional Renormalization Group (WC-RG) -- proceeds scale by scale, estimating models for the conditional probabilities of "fast degrees of freedom" conditioned by coarse-grained fields. These probability distributions are modeled by energy functions associated with scale interactions, and are represented in an orthogonal wavelet basis. WC-RG decomposes the microscopic energy function as a sum of interaction energies at all scales and can efficiently generate new samples by going from coarse to fine scales. Near phase transitions, it avoids the "critical slowing down" of direct estimation and sampling algorithms. This is explained theoretically by combining results from RG and wavelet theories, and verified numerically for the Gaussian and $φ^4$ field theories. We show that multiscale WC-RG energy-based models are more general than local potential models and can capture the physics of complex many-body interacting systems at all length scales. This is demonstrated for weak-gravitational-lensing fields reflecting dark matter distributions in cosmology, which include long-range interactions with long-tail probability distributions. WC-RG has a large number of potential applications in non-equilibrium systems, where the underlying distribution is not known {\it a priori}. Finally, we discuss the connection between WC-RG and deep network architectures.
Automated Cell Segmentation for Quantitative Phase Microscopy (2017)

Automated cell segmentation and tracking is essential for dynamic studies of cellular morphology, movement, and interactions as well as other cellular behaviors. However, accurate, automated, and easy-to-use cell segmentation remains a challenge, especially in cases of high cell densities, where discrete boundaries are not easily discernable. Here, we present a fully automated segmentation algorithm that iteratively segments cells based on the observed distribution of optical cell volumes measured by quantitative phase microscopy. By fitting these distributions to known probability density functions, we are able to converge on volumetric thresholds that enable valid segmentation cuts. Since each threshold is determined from the observed data itself, virtually no input is needed from the user. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach over time using six cell types that display a range of morphologies, and evaluate these cultures over a range of confluencies. Facile dynamic measures of cell mobility and function revealed unique cellular behaviors that relate to tissue origins, state of differentiation, and real-time signaling. These will improve our understanding of multicellular communication and organization.
Transglutaminase 2 in pulmonary and cardiac tissue remodeling in experimental pulmonary hypertension (2017)

Tissue matrix remodeling and fibrosis leading to loss of pulmonary arterial and right ventricular compliance are important features of both experimental and clinical pulmonary hypertension (PH). We have previously reported that transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is involved in PH development while others have shown it to be a cross-linking enzyme that participates in remodeling of extracellular matrix in fibrotic diseases in general. In the present studies, we used a mouse model of experimental PH (Sugen 5416 and hypoxia; SuHypoxia) and cultured primary human cardiac and pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts to evaluate the relationship of TG2 to the processes of fibrosis, protein cross-linking, extracellular matrix collagen accumulation, and fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transformation. We report here that TG2 expression and activity as measured by serotonylated fibronectin and protein cross-linking activity along with fibrogenic markers are significantly elevated in lungs and right ventricles of SuHypoxic mice with PH. Similarly, TG2 expression and activity, protein cross-linking activity, and fibrogenic markers are significantly increased in cultured cardiac and pulmonary artery adventitial fibroblasts in response to hypoxia exposure. Pharmacological inhibition of TG2 activity with ERW1041E significantly reduced hypoxia-induced cross-linking activity and synthesis of collagen 1 and α-smooth muscle actin in both the in vivo and in vitro studies. TG2 short interfering RNA had a similar effect in vitro. Our results suggest that TG2 plays an important role in hypoxia-induced pulmonary and right ventricular tissue matrix remodeling in the development of PH.
A cytotoxic T lymphocyte inhibits acquired immunodeficiency syndrome virus replication in peripheral blood lymphocytes. (1989)

CD8+ (suppressor/cytotoxic) lymphocytes block replication of HIV-1 or the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac) in PBL of infected individuals. We now show that these CD8+ lymphocytes undergo clonal expansion in vivo after AIDS virus infection of the individual, suggesting they may be antigen-specific T cells. These CD8+ cells block replication of virus in autologous but not MHC class I-mismatched PBL. The inhibitory lymphocytes express the integrin family molecule 4B4 and the CTL-associated S6F1 epitope of LFA-1. Finally, physical contact is required for the CD8+ lymphocyte-mediated inhibition of AIDS virus replication, since this inhibitory function is blocked by anti-LFA-1 and anti-CD8 mAbs. These studies suggest that the cell that inhibits AIDS virus replication in PBL of infected individuals is a CTL.
Fluorescein-Based Type I Supramolecular Photosensitizer via Induction of Charge Separation by Self-Assembly (2022)

Photosensitizers (PSs) are critical substances with considerable potential for use in non-invasive photomedicine. Type I PSs, which generate reactive radical species by electron transfer from the excited state induced via photoirradiation, attracted much attention because of their suitability for photodynamic therapy (PDT) irrespective of the oxygen concentration. However, most organic PSs are type II, which activates only oxygen, generating singlet oxygen (<sup>1</sup>O<sub>2</sub>) via energy transfer from the triplet state. Here, we proposed a strategy to form type I supramolecular PSs (SPSs) utilizing the charge-separated state induced by self-assembly. This was demonstrated using a supramolecular assembly of fluorescein, which is a type II PS in the monomeric state; however, it changes to a type I SPS via self-assembly. The switching mechanism from type II to I via self-assembly was clarified using photophysical and electrochemical analyses, with the type I SPS exhibiting significant PDT effects on cancer cells. This study provides a promising approach for the development of type I PSs based on supramolecular assemblies.
Dipole-Aligned Energy Transfer between Excitons in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenide and Organic Semiconductor (2017)

Efficient Förster resonant energy transfer is observed between excitons in a two-dimensional (2D) monolayer of the transition metal dichalcogenide, MoSe2, and an 2 nm thick layer of the organic material, 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). The exciton transition dipoles are horizontally aligned, enabling efficient energy transfer between these dissimilar materials. Energy transfer is observed using time-resolved and steady state photoluminescence and photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy. Time-resolved measurements show a reduction in the donor (PTCDA) lifetime, and steady state emission experiments show a decrease in donor and an increase in acceptor (MoSe2) emission. Photoluminescence excitation spectra show a spectral dependence of the energy transfer process, with a maximum efficiency at the absorption maximum of the donor. The planar dipole orientation is determined using Fourier space imaging. The efficient energy transfer from low mobility organic materials to higher mobility 2D semiconductors along with their extremely large oscillator strengths presents an attractive platform for developing high efficiency energy harvesting systems that cover a wide spectral range.