gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbohydrate structure and cell differentitation: unique properties of fucosyl-glycopeptides isolated from embryonal carcinoma cells. (1978)

From embryonal carcinoma cells labeled with fucose, two main classes of glycopeptide products of Pronase digestion can be distinguished by Sephadex G-50 column chromatography: one eluted near the excluded volume and a smaller one. The large fucosyl-glycopeptides are scarcely present in differentiated cells derived from embryonal carcinoma cells (i.e., fibroblastlike cells, myoblasts, and parietal yolk-sac carcinoma). During in vitro differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells, these large glycopeptides disappear almost completely. The small glycopeptides were analyzed by paper electrophoresis, concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography, and digestion with an endoglycosidase. The major components of these glycopeptides from embryonal carcinoma cells appear to be different from complex glycopeptides known to occur in adult cells. The glycopeptide pattern of mouse preimplantation embryos resembles that of embryonal carcinoma cells. These results suggest that the carbohydrate profile changes fundamentally during early stages of mammalian development.
Directivity in RF Sensor Networks for Widespread Spectrum Monitoring (2021)

Widespread RF spectrum monitoring could enable data-driven modeling of spectrum usage, enhance spectral utilization, and help automate policy enforcement. Previous works in wireless sensor networks offer design insights for RF sensors, but they assume emitters that radiate omnidirectionally. This paper develops a new framework for directional sensors and emitters, which are increasingly common with the growth of millimeter wave technologies. We focus on two-dimensional random sensor deployments modeled as Poisson point processes. Specifically, we determine the probability that a sensor network detects a single emitter for a channel model including path loss, fading, and the directivity of emitters and sensors with random orientations and locations. Our results suggest that with a path loss exponent of 4, quartering the emitter half-power beamwidth doubles the required average sensor density. We also conclude that omnidirectional sensors optimize detection probability. For multiple emitters, we develop a lower bound on the probability of multi-emitter detection and find the average number of undetected emitters. Finally, assuming higher sensor quality results in higher sensor cost, we consider a fixed-budget deployment and observe that decreasing the individual sensor cost by a decade and therefore increasing the quantity of sensors reduces the missed detection probability by about a decade.
Breaking the absorption limit of Si toward SWIR wavelength range via strain engineering (2020)

Silicon has been widely used in the microelectronics industry. However, its photonic applications are restricted to visible and partial near-infrared spectral range owing to its fundamental optical bandgap (1.12 eV). With recent advances in strain engineering, material properties, including optical bandgap, can be tailored considerably. This paper reports the strain-induced shrinkage in the Si bandgap, providing photosensing well beyond its fundamental absorption limit in Si nanomembrane (NM) photodetectors (PDs). The Si-NM PD pixels were mechanically stretched (biaxially) by a maximum strain of ~3.5% through pneumatic pressure-induced bulging, enhancing photoresponsivity and extending the Si absorption limit up to 1550 nm, which is the essential wavelength range of the lidar sensors for obstacle detection in self-driving vehicles. The development of deformable three-dimensional optoelectronics via gas pressure-induced bulging also facilitated the realization of unique device designs with concave and convex hemispherical architectures, which mimics the electronic prototypes of biological eyes.
Gas Separation Process for CO2 Removal from Natural Gas with DDR-type Zeolite Membrane (2017)

The DDR-type zeolite membrane (DDR Membrane) with an aperture of 0.36 × 0.44 nm was formed on a porous alumina substrate by hydrothermal process. We have succeeded in scaling up the DDR Membrane element into a large monolithic structure with a diameter and length of 180 mm and 1,000 mm, respectively. The CO2/CH4 selectivity exceeded 100 for mixed gas of 70 mol% CO2 at 8.0 MPag, 45 degC. This high selectivity improves hydrocarbon recovery compared to the conventional polymeric membrane. The DDR Membrane is suitable for CO2 separation for high CO2 natural gas fields.
Morphological progression and elasticity development in the single-screw extrusion of rigid PVC (1981)

Abstract The morphological progression of rigid PVC compounds during single-screw extrusion is examined in relation to the melting mechanism and elasticity development. It is shown that no grain destruction occurs in the solid bed. 100-μm domains persist in the solid bed after extensive intergrain fusion has occurred. The melt pool is composed of clusters of primary particles in the early screw flights, but shows no evidence of particulate structure of this size in later flights. A capillary rheometer entrance pressure test is used to demonstrate the development of elasticity in both the solid bed and melt pool. Development of elastic response progresses at a higher rate in the solid bed of mass resin-based compounds. Elasticity of the melt pool is high at all stages of extrusion, but also shows a progression.
Two members of the thioredoxin-h family interact with the kinase domain of a Brassica S locus receptor kinase. (1996)

To determine potential targets of the S locus receptor kinase (SRK) during the Brassica self-incompatibility response, a yeast two-hybrid library was screened with the SRK-910 protein kinase domain. Two thioredoxin-h-like clones, THL-1 and THL-2, were found to interact specifically with the SRK-910 protein kinase domain and not to interact with the protein kinase domains from the Arabidopsis receptor-like protein kinases (RLK) RLK4 and RLK5. The interaction between THL-1 and the SRK-910 protein kinase domain was confirmed using coimmunoprecipitation experiments with fusion proteins produced in Escherichia coli. THL-1 has thioredoxin activity based on an insulin reduction assay, and THL-1 is weakly phosphorylated by the SRK-910 protein kinase domain. THL-1 and THL-2 are both expressed in a variety of tissues but show some differences in steady state mRNA levels, with THL-2 being preferentially expressed in floral tissues. This indicates a more general biological function for these thioredoxins in addition to a potential role as effector molecules in the self-incompatibility signal cascade.
Facile and Reliable Synthesis of Tetraphenoxyborates and Their Properties (2006)

Abstract Tetraphenoxyborates are reliably prepared in a two‐step sequence, exploiting less corrosive reagents like boric acid and the corresponding phenols. The broad scope of this transformation is demonstrated in 22 examples. Several solid‐state structures reveal the preferential conformation of the phenoxy moieties allowing cation interaction. Furthermore, a novel architecture of a phenoxy‐substituted tetraborate was found. Surprisingly, the tetraphenoxyborates exhibit a good stability in neutral and basic media. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Advocado/soybean unsaponifiables decrease the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in human chondrocytes (2003)

peer reviewed
Analysis of scattering by essentially convex bodies using the directive source integral equation (2015)

The directive source integral equation (DSIE) approach is optimized for the analysis of scattering from essentially convex impenetrable objects. The DSIE augments the conventional equivalent sources located on the surface with fictitious electric and magnetic currents placed inside the volume originally occupied by the scatterer. These electric and magnetic currents are designed to absorb and suppress the radiation of the on-surface equivalent sources towards the interior of the scatterer. Introduction of such artificial absorbing shields is advocated to confine the field interactions to the scatterer surface and reduce the coupling between the distant parts of the object, thus facilitating development of fast solvers. The DSIE also resolves the non-uniqueness problem of the electric field integral equation by eliminating the internal resonances.
Glial degeneration with oxidative damage drives neuronal demise in MPSII disease (2016)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPSII) is a lysosomal storage disorder due to the deficit of the iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS) enzyme, causing progressive neurodegeneration in patients. Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from the IDS-ko mouse can recapitulate MPSII pathogenesis in vitro. In differentiating IDS-ko NSCs and in the aging IDS-ko mouse brain, glial degeneration precedes neuronal degeneration. Here we show that pure IDS-ko NSC-derived astrocytes are selectively able to drive neuronal degeneration when cocultured with healthy neurons. This phenotype suggests concurrent oxidative damage with metabolic dysfunction. Similar patterns were observed in murine IDS-ko animals and in human MPSII brains. Most importantly, the mutant phenotype of IDS-ko astrocytes was reversed by low oxygen conditions and treatment with vitamin E, which also reversed the toxic effect on cocultured neurons. Moreover, at very early stages of disease we detected in vivo the development of a neuroinflammatory background that precedes astroglial degeneration, thus suggesting a novel model of MPSII pathogenesis, with neuroinflammation preceding glial degeneration, which is finally followed by neuronal death. This hypothesis is also consistent with the progression of white matter abnormalities in MPSII patients. Our study represents a novel breakthrough in the elucidation of MPSII brain pathogenesis and suggests the antioxidant molecules as potential therapeutic tools to delay MPSII onset and progression.
Hip Mobility and Flexibility for Track and Field Athletes (2021)

Introduction: The objective of this paper is to demonstrate techniques on how to improve hip flexibility and mobility, especially for track and field athletes. It also seeks to explain the underlying importance of hip flexibility and mobility. When athlete’s hips are stiff and inflexible, muscle imbalance may occur and increase the risk of injury. Muscle imbalance in the hip often causes knee and hip pain, due to the hip flexors and quadriceps overworking in order to compensate for weaker muscles. The hip mobility and flexibility exercises illustrated here are designed to significantly improve the range of motion (ROM) of the hips. Enhanced ROM can improve motor performance, skill execution, and even prevent injury. Excellent hip extension improves the ability to assist the hip in developing power. Methods: 9 Hip Mobility and 6 Hip Flexibility exercises are described in this paper. The exercises are to be performed 3× per week with at least 24 hours break in-between to achieve optimum results. Conclusion: This paper sought to outline the importance of hip mobility and flexibility, in particular for non-contact-sport athletes (such as those in track and field), and their effects on athletic performance and injury prevention. After proximately 6 weeks, the ROM of the hip will be expected to improve significantly.
Molecular weight control of linear polyethylenes prepared in gas phase with Ziegler catalysts (1991)

Abstract Linear polyethylenes covering the range from high to low density were prepared in gas phase using an MgCl 2 ‐supported Ziegler catalyst deposited on silica (bisupported catalyst). The comonomer used was 1‐butene. Molecular weights are dependent both on 1‐butene concentration and hydrogen pressure. The interaction of these two factors can be interpreted by the enhancement of the transfer reactions after 1‐butene insertion.
Estimation of Product Reliability using TDDB Simulation and Statistical EM Method (2020)

We use aging simulation platform to assess TDDB risk and allow rule violations that do not affect product reliability. Statistical EM budgeting (SEB) method combined with advanced thermal flow is applied to handle rule violations of ΔT. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the risk of package bump EM with redundancy. Careful estimation of Joule heating and electrical performance is needed to justify better lifetime with redundant bumps.
Moving from 2D to 3D: volumetric medical image classification for rectal cancer staging (2022)

Volumetric images from Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provide invaluable information in preoperative staging of rectal cancer. Above all, accurate preoperative discrimination between T2 and T3 stages is arguably both the most challenging and clinically significant task for rectal cancer treatment, as chemo-radiotherapy is usually recommended to patients with T3 (or greater) stage cancer. In this study, we present a volumetric convolutional neural network to accurately discriminate T2 from T3 stage rectal cancer with rectal MR volumes. Specifically, we propose 1) a custom ResNet-based volume encoder that models the inter-slice relationship with late fusion (i.e., 3D convolution at the last layer), 2) a bilinear computation that aggregates the resulting features from the encoder to create a volume-wise feature, and 3) a joint minimization of triplet loss and focal loss. With MR volumes of pathologically confirmed T2/T3 rectal cancer, we perform extensive experiments to compare various designs within the framework of residual learning. As a result, our network achieves an AUC of 0.831, which is higher than the reported accuracy of the professional radiologist groups. We believe this method can be extended to other volume analysis tasks
A Nucleocapsid Functionality Contained within the Amino Terminus of the Ty1 Protease That Is Distinct and Separable from Proteolytic Activity (2002)

Ty1 is the most successful of the five endogenous yeast retrotransposons. The life cycle of Ty1 dictates that a number of nucleocapsid (NC)-facilitated events occur although the protein(s) responsible for these events has not been identified. The positioning of the NC peptide is conserved at the carboxy terminus of the Gag protein among most long terminal repeat (LTR)-containing retroelements. An analogous region of Ty1 that simultaneously encodes part of Gag, protease (PR), and the C-terminal p4 peptide was mutagenized. Some of these mutations result in smaller-than-normal virus-like particles (VLPs). The mutants were also found to impair an NC-like functionality contained within the amino terminus of the protease that is distinct and separable from its proteolytic activity. Remarkably, these mutants have distinct defects in reverse transcription.
Surface‐modified silicone T‐tubes for prevention of tracheal stenosis in a rabbit model (2014)

NA
Inflation and deflation at the steep-sided Llaima stratovolcano (Chile) detected by using InSAR (2011)

Llaima volcano, Chile, is a typical basaltic-to-andesitic stratovolcano in the southcentral Andes.Llaima had at least four explosive eruptions in the decade 2000 -2010, however little is known about the physical processes and magma storage at this volcano.In this study we present an InSAR deformation field at Llaima from 2003 -2008, covering both the post-eruptive and syn-eruptive periods.The satellite InSAR data are significantly affected by environmental decorrelation due to steep topography, snow and vegetation; because of this, we applied a model-assisted phase unwrapping approach.The analysis of these data suggests two main deformation episodes: subsidence associated with the posteruptive period, and uplift associated with the syn-eruptive period.Maximum summit subsidence and uplift are ∼10 cm and ∼8 cm, respectively.Through inverse modeling of both periods, a deflating and inflating magma body can be inferred, located at a depth of 4 -12 km, subject to a volume decrease of 10 -46 × 10 6 m 3 during the subsidence period, followed by a volume increase of 6 -20 × 10 6 m 3 during the uplift period.Therefore, this study presents the first evidence of magma-driven deformation at Llaima volcano, and suggests that eruption periods are associated with the inflation and deflation of a deep magma body that can be monitored by using space geodesy.
Adiponectin Modulates the Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway and Attenuates Mammary Tumorigenesis of MDA-MB-231 Cells in Nude Mice (2006)

Adiponectin is an adipokine that has pleiotropic beneficial roles in systemic insulin resistance and inflammation. Several recent clinical studies suggest that low serum levels of adiponectin are associated with increased risks of breast cancer. Here, we investigated the direct effects of adiponectin on breast cancer development in vitro and in vivo. Our results showed that adiponectin significantly attenuated the proliferations of two typical human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and T47D, in a cell type-specific manner. Further analysis revealed that adiponectin could induce apoptosis and arrest the cell cycle progression at G(0)-G(1) phase in MDA-MB-231 cells. Prolonged treatment with adiponectin in this cell line blocked serum-induced phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase-3beta (GSK-3beta), suppressed intracellular accumulation of beta-catenin and its nuclear activities, and consequently reduced expression of cyclin D1. Adiponectin-mediated suppression of cyclin D1 expression and attenuation of cell proliferation was abrogated by the GSK-3beta inhibitor lithium chloride. These results suggest that the inhibitory role of adiponectin on MDA-MB-231 cell growth might be attributed to its suppressive effects on the GSK-3beta/beta-catenin signaling pathway. Furthermore, our in vivo study showed that both supplementation of recombinant adiponectin and adenovirus-mediated overexpression of this adipokine substantially reduced the mammary tumorigenesis of MDA-MB-231 cells in female nude mice. Taken together, these data support the role of adiponectin as a negative regulator of breast cancer development and also suggest that adiponectin might represent a novel therapeutic target for this disease.
Trimethylchlorosilane modified Clemmensen reduction of metallocenyl ketones: Trapping of aliphatic, olefinic, and pinacolic products (1995)

The Clemmensen reduction of a carbonyl group to give, in the simplest cases, a methylene unit, is one of the more familiar reactions in organic chemistry. Trimethyl-chlorosilane as a replacement for the proton allows controlled reductive deoxygenation of carbonyl compounds under anhydrous reaction conditions as an alternative to the McMurry dicarbonyl coupling reaction. Aromatic carbonyl compounds with electron-donor substituents are preferred substrates for this reaction to yield symmetrical olefins in good yield. The high donor capacity of metallocenyl groups should especially favor the clean formation of olefins; from the corresponding metallocenyl ketones. In this study, a number of ferrocenyl and ruthenocenyl aldehydes and ketones were treated with Zn and trimethylchlorosilane under controlled reaction conditions. The observed main products include alkanes, alkenes, and silylated pinacols, which have been characterized by spectroscopic methods and by X-ray analyses. The diverse outcome in these reactions, starting from different metallocenyl ketones, is difficult to explain by electronic and steric considerations and indicates a reaction mechanism with different energetically similar pathways.
Current research into brain barriers and the delivery of therapeutics for neurological diseases: a report on CNS barrier congress London, UK, 2017 (2017)

After publication of the article [1], it has been brought to our attention that there are some errors in the formatting of names in the final version of the article.
Investigations on Catalyst Stability and Product Isolation in the Extractive Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels Using Polyoxometalates and Molecular Oxygen (2018)

Abstract Our contribution adds important new insight to the recent finding that polyoxometalate catalysts, such as H 8 PV 5 Mo 7 O 40 (HPA‐5), are very effective catalysts in the extractive oxidative desulfurization of fuels using molecular oxygen. Our contribution focuses on aspects of catalyst stability and deactivation caused by the accumulation of acidic products and intermediates, i. e. sulfuric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, sulfoacetic acid or 2‐sulfobenzoic acid. These compounds reduce the pH value of the aqueous catalyst phase during the course of the desulfurization reaction. At lower pH values, the higher V‐substituted species rearrange to lower V‐substituted species and VO 2 + . This rearrangement is responsible for a decreasing activity in extractive oxidative desulfurization. We show that formic acid, acetic acid, sulfoacetic acid and 2‐sulfobenzoic acid block active sites of the catalyst. Oxalic acid, in contrast, has been found to exert a remarkable positive effect on catalyst activity. The feasibility of catalyst recycling and efficient isolation of the decomposition products is demonstrated using four commercially available organic solvent nanofiltration membranes.
High capacity terahertz communication systems based on multiple orbital-angular-momentum beams (2022)

Abstract Structured electromagnetic waves carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have been explored in various frequency regimes to enhance the data capacity of communication systems by multiplexing multiple co-propagating orthogonal OAM beams (i.e. mode-division multiplexing (MDM)). Terahertz (THz) communications in free space have gained interest as THz waves tend to have: (a) larger bandwidth and lower beam divergence than millimeter-waves, and (b) lower interaction with matter conditions than optical waves. In this paper, we review recent experimental demonstrations of OAM-based THz MDM communication systems, including (a) THz MDM system with two multiplexed OAM beams; (b) THz OAM multiplexing together with frequency-division-multiplexing and polarization-division-multiplexing; (c) multiplexing a full set of two-dimensional Laguerre–Gaussian ( <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>L</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>G</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>ℓ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>p</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> ) beams; and (d) THz integrated OAM emitter for OAM mode generation and multiplexing. System performance of THz OAM links with the effect of turbulence, divergence, and multipath is also simulated and analyzed.
Multifunctional Drug Delivery System Using Starch-Alginate Beads for Controlled Release (2005)

Utilizing starch-containing alginate beads, a novel drug delivery system (DDS) was developed. With the starch inside, the composite bead could be dried in its original bead shape and handled in the dried state. By employing alginate multi-coating strategy on the starch-alginate beads, detained or controlled release was efficiently achieved and successfully demonstrated for a model peptide drug, L-phenylalanine. The initial latent time and release rate of the drug inside the beads were able to be controlled simply by varying the number of multi-coatings. While the latent time for the initial release was negligible for non-coated starch-alginate beads, the latent times of beads coated one, two, and four times increased to 15, 30, and 70 min, respectively. Furthermore, the alginate component of the composite beads could adsorb and remove heavy metals such as lead from the body. These multifunctional beads combined with the novel coating process will greatly benefit alginate gel-based DDS.