gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence to Investigate Modulus of Elasticity of Recycled Aggregate Concrete (2018)

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On Cluster-Based Channel Identification (2012)

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in applying cluster analysis to channel identification and signal detection. The basic principle underlying this kind of approach is that the cluster information is directly related to the channel impulse response, and therefore it is possible to learn the channel impulse response through cluster analysis. However, a problem that has been long neglected is whether or not the cluster information is sufficient for uniquely identifying the channel. This paper aims to provide an answer to this question.
Interferometric SAR phase difference calibration: methods and results (2002)

Addresses the steps necessary to determine and maintain the phase calibration of a two-channel interferometric synthetic aperture radar (IFSAR). The method, setup, and accuracy of four different calibration techniques are compared. The most novel technique involves pointing the interferometric baseline at nadir and imaging a lake surface. The other techniques include measuring various flat surfaces in traditional side-looking IFSAR maps, in-flight closed-loop calibration path measurements, and static laboratory measurements. Initial results indicate that, using combinations of these measurements, it is possible to maintain the interferometric phase calibration of Sandia National Laboratories' K/sub u/ Band IFSAR to better than 3 degrees. The time variability of various parts of the calibration and requirements for recalibration are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Kallikrein localization in rodent salivary glands and kidney with the immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge technique. (1979)

Kallikrein has been localized in rodent kidney and salivary glands by means of an immunoglobulin-enzyme bridge technique. In sections of kidney, anti-kallikrein antibodies bound to the apical region of certain distal tubule segments in the cortex, to reabsorption droplets of proximal convoluted tubules, and to certain duct segments in the papilla. In salivary glands of both male and female rats and mice, and apical rim of most striated duct cells of submandibular, parotid and sublingual glands and granular tubules of submandibular glands exhibited immunoreactivity. Granular intercalated duct cells in female submandibular glands also displayed immunostaining for kallikrein. Phenylephrine administration resulted in loss of immunoreactive granules from the granular convoluted tubule cells of male mouse submandibular gland. This response was paralleled by a biochemically demonstrable decrease in kallikrein-like tosylarginine methyl ester (TAME) esterase activity.
Basic Types of Life (1994)

The main conflict In the species discussion may be summarized as follows: the population geneticist is mainly Interested in gene flow and, therefore, has to prefer a biospecies concept. On the other hand, the practicing taxonomist and the palaeontologist are mainly interested in similarity and, hence, have to use a morphological species concept. This conflict is fundamental and cannot easily be resolved. It is often stated that higher levels of classification are even more problematic than the species definition. Using a genetical criterion based on Interspecific hybridization, it is suggested that a systematic category above the genus level may be defined rather objectively: two organisms belong to the same basic type If (I) they are able to hybridize or (ii) they have hybridized with the same third organism. In principle It Is possible to check experimentally by artificial insemination or artificial pollination if two biparental individuals belong to the same basic type. The basic type category thus may prove to be open to empirical validation. Advantages and problems of this basic type criterion are discussed. A general summary follows on a few basic types of the plant and animal kingdom that have been described. Based on rather limited data it appears to emerge that (i) the basic type criterion can be applied successfully in animal as well as plant taxonomy, (Ii) a clear gap of overall similarity Is found between different basic types, (iii) within basic types a variety of mlcroevolutionary processes may help to understand speciation, and (iv) the distribution of characters across different species of the same basic type may be discussed under the hypothetical assumption of a large hidden variation potential harboured by a genetically complex ancestral population. It must be emphasized that only 14 basic types have been described to date. This number is too low to provide for a reliable basis of generalization. Therefore, the basic type concept is only suggested to serve as a preliminary working hypothesis.
ChemInform Abstract: TWO SYNTHESES OF DL‐APLYSISTATIN (1983)

Abstract Der erste Syntheseweg für die Titelverbindung (IIIa) sowie für ihr Epimeres (IIIb) geht von den Dienen (I) (zugänglich aus Homogeraniol) aus und führt über die Stufen (II); die Stereokontrolle hinsichtlich der Chiralität am C‐12 ist jedoch unbefriedigend.
Shared genetic basis for migraine and ischemic stroke: A genome-wide analysis of common variants (2015)

Objective: To quantify genetic overlap between migraine and ischemic stroke (IS) with respect to common genetic variation. Methods: We applied 4 different approaches to large-scale meta-analyses of genome-wide data on migraine (23,285 cases and 95,425 controls) and IS (12,389 cases and 62,004 controls). First, we queried known genome-wide significant loci for both disorders, looking for potential overlap of signals. We then analyzed the overall shared genetic load using polygenic scores and estimated the genetic correlation between disease subtypes using data derived from these models. We further interrogated genomic regions of shared risk using analysis of covariance patterns between the 2 phenotypes using cross-phenotype spatial mapping. Results: We found substantial genetic overlap between migraine and IS using all 4 approaches. Migraine without aura (MO) showed much stronger overlap with IS and its subtypes than migraine with aura (MA). The strongest overlap existed between MO and large artery stroke (LAS; p 6.4 × 10-28 for the LAS polygenic score in MO) and between MO and cardioembolic stroke (CE; p 2.7 × 10-20 for the CE score in MO). Conclusions: Our findings indicate shared genetic susceptibility to migraine and IS, with a particularly strong overlap between MO and both LAS and CE pointing towards shared mechanisms. Our observations on MA are consistent with a limited role of common genetic variants in this subtype.
The Collagen-Binding Adhesin Is a Virulence Factor in Staphylococcus aureus Keratitis (2000)

A collagen-binding strain of Staphylococcus aureus produced suppurative inflammation in a rabbit model of soft contact lens-associated bacterial keratitis more often than its collagen-binding-negative isogenic mutant. Reintroduction of the cna gene on a multicopy plasmid into the mutant helped it regain its corneal adherence and infectivity. The topical application of a collagen-binding peptide before bacterial challenge decreased S. aureus adherence to deepithelialized corneas. These data suggest that the collagen-binding adhesin is involved in the pathogenesis of S. aureus infection of the cornea.
Studies on Hepatitis B Surface Antigen and Antibody in Nauru (1978)

The age-specific prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody was studied in a random sample of Gilbert and Ellice islanders over the age of 10 years living in Nauru. While approximately 82% of each group showed evidence of past infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) the carriage rate of HBsAg was significantly lower in the Polynesian Ellice islanders (7.5%) than in the Micronesian Gilbertese (26.3%) and indigenous Nauruans (14.7%). These findings suggest that Micronesian and Polynesian populations may differ in the response to infection with HBV.
Dragotcytosis: Elucidation of the Mechanism for Cryptococcus neoformans Macrophage-to-Macrophage Transfer (2019)

<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is a pathogenic yeast capable of a unique and intriguing form of cell-to-cell transfer between macrophage cells. The mechanism for cell-to-cell transfer is not understood. In this study, we imaged mouse macrophages with CellTracker Green 5-chloromethylfluorescein diacetate-labeled cytosol to ascertain whether cytosol was shared between donor and acceptor macrophages. Analysis of several transfer events detected no transfer of cytosol from donor-to-acceptor mouse macrophages. However, blocking Fc and complement receptors resulted in a major diminution of cell-to-cell transfer events. The timing of cell-to-cell transfer (11.17 min) closely approximated the sum of phagocytosis (4.18 min) and exocytosis (6.71 min) times. We propose that macrophage cell-to-cell transfer represents a nonlytic exocytosis event, followed by phagocytosis into a macrophage that is in close proximity, and name this process Dragotcytosis ("Dragot" is a Greek surname meaning "sentinel"), as it represents sharing of a microbe between two sentinel cells of the innate immune system.
A Mucosal Irritancy Test Device for Intraoral Use in Dogs (1997)

The objective of this investigation was to conduct, in dogs, a 6-hour acute mucosal irritation study of a new bioerodible treatment. The main problem was to retain the test drug in situ without extraneous irritation from the retention device. A buccal cup was machined from acrylic with a chamber capacity of 0.025 ml and a flange that could be ligated to a tooth. Ten female retired breeder beagles, 7 to 8 years old, with naturally occurring moderate periodontitis were examined and the upper canine teeth scaled to remove plaque and calculus. One week later the buccal cups were placed at the gingival margin of the upper canine teeth and fixed in place with wire ligature passing through holes in the flange and around the tooth, engaging shallow nicks made in the enamel near the gingival margin so the wire would not slide up and down. The buccal cup was further stabilized with glass ionomer cement placed on the crown and over the outer surface of the cup. Buccal cups were loaded with test, placebo, or no ointment by technicians in a scheme to which examiners were blind. Hourly examinations were made, and after 6 hours the cups were removed and gingival mucosa scored for irritation by a previously described method. All dogs tolerated the test and retained the cups for 6 hours. There was no mucosal irritation from the empty cups. We conclude that this new device can be used successfully for testing new agents for short-term mucosal irritancy.
Supervised learning with word embeddings derived from PubMed captures latent knowledge about protein kinases and cancer (2021)

Inhibiting protein kinases (PKs) that cause cancers has been an important topic in cancer therapy for years. So far, almost 8% of >530 PKs have been targeted by FDA-approved medications, and around 150 protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) have been tested in clinical trials. We present an approach based on natural language processing and machine learning to investigate the relations between PKs and cancers, predicting PKs whose inhibition would be efficacious to treat a certain cancer. Our approach represents PKs and cancers as semantically meaningful 100-dimensional vectors based on word and concept neighborhoods in PubMed abstracts. We use information about phase I-IV trials in ClinicalTrials.gov to construct a training set for random forest classification. Our results with historical data show that associations between PKs and specific cancers can be predicted years in advance with good accuracy. Our tool can be used to predict the relevance of inhibiting PKs for specific cancers and to support the design of well-focused clinical trials to discover novel PKIs for cancer therapy.
Carbon-sulfur bond cleavage at an electrophilic zirconium center: synthesis, structure, and thermal decomposition of [Cp2Zr(S-tert-C4H9)(THF)][BPh4] (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon-sulfur bond cleavage at an electrophilic zirconium center: synthesis, structure, and thermal decomposition of [Cp2Zr(S-tert-C4H9)(THF)][BPh4]Warren E. Piers, Linda Koch, Diane S. Ridge, Leonard R. MacGillivray, and Michael ZaworotkoCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 9, 3148–3152Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00045a036https://doi.org/10.1021/om00045a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Excision of mutagenic replication-blocking lesions suppresses cancer but promotes cytotoxicity and lethality in nitrosamine-exposed mice (2021)

Summary N -nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is a DNA methylating agent that has been discovered to contaminate water, food and drugs. The alkyladenine glycosylase (AAG) removes methylated bases to initiate the base excision repair (BER) pathway. To understand how gene-environment interactions impact disease susceptibility, we studied Aag −/− and Aag -overexpressing mice that harbor increased levels of either replication-blocking lesions (3-methyladenine, or 3MeA) or strand breaks (BER intermediates), respectively. Remarkably, the disease outcome switched from cancer to lethality simply by changing AAG levels. To understand the underlying basis for this observation, we integrated a suite of molecular, cellular and physiological analyses. We found that unrepaired 3MeA is somewhat toxic but highly mutagenic (promoting cancer), whereas excess strand breaks are poorly mutagenic and highly toxic (suppressing cancer and promoting lethality). We demonstrate that the levels of a single DNA repair protein tips the balance between blocks and breaks, and thus dictates the disease consequences of DNA damage.
Efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner subspecies kurstaki and aizawai against the bagworm, Metisa plana walker on oil palm (2008)

The efficacy of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki (Btk) and aizawai (Bta) against the third and fifth instar larvae of Metisa plana on oil palm was studied. The objective of the study was to determine the level of kill achievable with six selected Bt products on M. plana. Laboratory bioassays were performed on formulations containing Btk: Dipel® ES, Dipel® DF, Dipel® WP and ABG-6429 FC® (research formulation), and Bta: Florbac® SC and Xentari® WG at temperatures of 24°C–29°C and 55%–80% relative humidity (RH) by using leaf dipping method. Both subspecies were shown to be effective on the bagworms. In most cases, the third instar larvae required lesser amount of Bt and shorter time for a satisfactory kill compared to the fifth instar larvae.
Characterization of a Disordered above Room Temperature Skyrmion Material Co8Zn8Mn4 (2021)

Topologically nontrivial spin textures host great promise for future spintronic applications. Skyrmions in particular are of burgeoning interest owing to their nanometric size, topological protection, and high mobility via ultra-low current densities. It has been previously reported through magnetic susceptibility, microscopy, and scattering techniques that Co8Zn8Mn4 forms an above room temperature triangular skyrmion lattice. Here, we report the synthesis procedure and characterization of a polycrystalline Co8Zn8Mn4 disordered bulk sample. We employ powder X-ray diffraction and backscatter Laue diffraction as characterization tools of the crystallinity of the samples, while magnetic susceptibility and Small Angle Neutron Scattering (SANS) measurements are performed to study the skyrmion phase. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show a dip anomaly in the magnetization curves, which persists over a range of approximately 305 K–315 K. SANS measurements reveal a rotationally disordered polydomain skyrmion lattice. Applying a symmetry-breaking magnetic field sequence, we were able to orient and order the previously jammed state to yield the prototypical hexagonal diffraction patterns with secondary diffraction rings. This emergence of the skyrmion order serves as a unique demonstration of the fundamental interplay of structural disorder and anisotropy in stabilizing the thermal equilibrium phase.
Securing Memory Encryption and Authentication Against Side-Channel Attacks Using Unprotected Primitives. (2017)

Memory encryption is used in many devices to protect memory content from attackers with physical access to a device. However, many current memory encryption schemes can be broken using Differential Power Analysis (DPA). In this work, we present MEAS---the first Memory Encryption and Authentication Scheme providing security against DPA attacks. The scheme combines ideas from fresh re-keying and authentication trees by storing encryption keys in a tree structure to thwart first-order DPA without the need for DPA-protected cryptographic primitives. Therefore, the design strictly limits the use of every key to encrypt at most two different plaintext values. MEAS prevents higher-order DPA without changes to the cipher implementation by using masking of the plaintext values. MEAS is applicable to all kinds of memory, e.g., NVM and RAM, and has memory overhead comparable to existing memory authentication techniques without DPA protection, e.g., 7.3% for a block size fitting standard disk sectors.
Two-year efficacy after first transscleral controlled cyclophotocoagulation in patients with and without pseudoexfoliation (2021)

The present study demonstrates a midterm IOP-lowering effect after COCO while reducing the burden for topical and systemic IOP-lowering medications. Patients without PEX and IOP < 30 mmHg have a lower risk of SSI. The procedure per se cannot be excluded as causative for the decreased postoperative BCVA. Further prospective investigations are suggested.
Patient-specific Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells as a Platform for Disease Modeling, Drug Discovery and Precision Personalized Medicine (2012)

The breakthrough development of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology is not only revolutionizing basic stem cell science but is also spurring efforts to reprogram one somatic cell type directly into another. Induced pluripotent stem cells provide scientists with a self-renewing and, thus, unlimited, source of pluripotent cells for targeted differentiation, in principle, into the entire range of cell types found in the body. Therefore, iPSC technology and the increasingly refined abilities to differentiate iPSCs into disease-relevant mature cells has far reaching implications for understanding disease etiology and promoting drug discovery and other advances in regenerative medicine. In this review, we summarize the latest progress in the application of patient-specific iPSCs for disease modeling, drug screening and cell replacement therapy, and discuss their impact on precision personalized medicine.
Interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α promote the transformation of human immortalised mesothelial cells by erionite (2004)

Asbestos fails to induce the transformation of human mesothelial cells in vitro although it has been known as a potential carcinogen to human mesothelial cells. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) are major cytokines released by macrophages after inhalation of asbestos. These cytokines can regulate mesothelial cell proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. In the present study, we used the growth in soft agar as an index of transformation and investigated the role of IL-1beta and TNF-alpha during the process of human mesothelial cell carcinogenesis. Both IL-1beta and TNF-alpha were demonstrated to enhance erionite-induced transformation of the immortalised, non-tumorigenic human mesothelial cell line (MeT-5A) in vitro. The MeT-5A cells could only be transformed when the cells were exposed to a combination of cytokines and erionite, or at least two cytokines together without erionite, for at least 4 months in vitro. The findings presented here suggest that IL-1beta and TNF-alpha play a significant role in the pathogenesis of mesothelioma, and that it might be desirable to block or inhibit cytokine secretion in high risk populations to prevent mesothelioma.
Peripheral nerve stimulation limits of a high amplitude and slew rate magnetic field gradient coil for neuroimaging (2019)

The PNS threshold of MAGNUS is significantly higher than that for whole-body gradients, which allows for diffusion gradients with short rise times (under 1 msec), important for interrogating brain microstructure length scales.
Nitric oxide synthase in macula densa regulates glomerular capillary pressure. (1992)

Tubular-fluid reabsorption by specialized cells of the nephron at the junction of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and the distal convoluted tubule, termed the macula densa, releases compounds causing vasoconstriction of the adjacent afferent arteriole. Activation of this tubuloglomerular feedback response reduces glomerular capillary pressure of the nephron and, hence, the glomerular filtration rate. The tubuloglomerular feedback response functions in a negative-feedback mode to relate glomerular capillary pressure to tubular-fluid delivery and reabsorption. This system has been implicated in renal autoregulation, renin release, and longterm body fluid and blood-pressure homeostasis. Here we report that arginine-derived nitric oxide, generated in the macula densa, is an additional intercellular signaling molecule that is released during tubular-fluid reabsorption and counters the vasoconstriction of the afferent arteriole. Antibody to rat cerebellar constitutive nitric oxide synthase stained rat macula densa cells specifically. Microperfusion of the macula densa segment of single nephrons with N omega-methyl-L-arginine (an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase) or with pyocyanin (a lipid-soluble inhibitor of endothelium-derived relaxation factor) showed that generation of nitric oxide can vasodilate the afferent arteriole and increase glomerular capillary pressure; this effect was blocked by drugs that prevent tubular-fluid reabsorption. We conclude that nitric oxide synthase in macula densa cells is activated by tubular-fluid reabsorption and mediates a vasodilating component to the tubuloglomerular feedback response. These findings imply a role for arginine-derived nitric oxide in body fluid-volume and blood-pressure homeostasis, in addition to its established roles in modulation of vascular tone by the endothelium and in neurotransmission.