gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal Response of Porous Glass Electroosmotic Pumps (2002)

Sintered glass electroosmotic pumps have been fabricated that provide maximum flow rates and pressure capacities exceeding 14 ml/min and 1.4 atm, respectively, at 150 V, with an active pumping volume of less than 2 cm3. These compact devices with no moving parts have the potential to impact a variety of applications including microelectronics cooling systems and bioanalytical applications. We present here a preliminary a study of the response of the pumps to changes in fluidic load, including their short-term transient performance. A 0.5 mM borate buffer (pH = 9.2) is used to stabilize pump performance, with nearly optimal flow rate capacity. The experiments are conducted for working electrolytes of varying ion concentration. These performance characteristics are critical to applications that aim to use feedback control of flow rate and pressure over varying conditions.
Nanodisk Codes (2007)

We report a new encoding system based upon dispersible arrays of nanodisks prepared by on-wire lithography and functionalized with Raman active chromophores. These nanodisk arrays are encoded both physically (in a "barcode" pattern) and spectroscopically (Raman) along the array. These structures can be used in covert encoding strategies because of their small size or as biological labels with readout by scanning confocal Raman spectroscopy. As proof-of-concept, we demonstrate their utility in DNA detection in a multiplexed format at target concentrations as low as 100 fM.
Switch in chemokine receptor expression upon TCR stimulation reveals novel homing potential for recently activated T cells (1999)

When naive T lymphocytes are activated and differentiate into memory/effector cells, they down-regulate receptors for constitutive chemokines such as CXCR4 and CCR7 and acquire receptors for inflammatory chemokines such as CCR3, CCR5 and CXCR3, depending on the Th1/Th2 polarization. This switch in chemokine receptor usage leads to the acquisition of the capacity to migrate into inflamed tissues. Using RNase protection assays, staining with specific antibodies, and response to recombinant chemokines, we now show that following TCR stimulation, memory/effector T cells undergo a further and transient switch in receptor expression. CCR1, CCR2, CCR3, CCR5, CCR6 and CXCR3 are down-regulated within 6 h, while CCR7, CCR4, CCR8 and CXCR5 are up-regulated for 2 to 3 days. Up-regulation of CCR7 following TCR stimulation was observed also among resting peripheral blood T cells and required neither co-stimulation nor exogenous IL-2. On the other hand IL-2 down-regulated CXCR5, up-regulated CCR8 and facilitated the recovery of CCR3 and CCR5. Upon TCR stimulation, Th1 and Th2 cells produced comparable sets of chemokines, including RANTES, macrophage inflammatory protein-1beta, I-309, IL-8 and macrophage-derived chemokine, which may modulate surface chemokine receptors and contribute to cell recruitment at sites of antigenic recognition. Altogether these results show that following TCR stimulation effector/memory T cells transiently acquire responsiveness to constitutive chemokines. As a result, T cells that are activated in tissues may either recirculate to draining lymph nodes or migrate to nearby sites of organized ectopic lymphoid tissues.
Experimental demonstration of single photon rangefinding using parametric downconversion (1990)

We exploit the coincidence properties of photon pairs created in spontaneous parametric fluorescence to perform a low light level rangefinding experiment. One photon of each pair is sent to the target, and the small fraction returned is delayed by the return trip time. This delay is measured using a multichannel coincidence counter with gate time down to 10 ns. With a few picowatts output power and a target return of 10(-4)we obtain 1-m resolution range estimates in a few seconds with low levels of background light. We discuss the potential of the technique for millimeter accuracy ranging (or surveying) in high ambient light levels.
Simultaneous quantitation of IC87114, roflumilast and its active metabolite roflumilast N‐oxide in plasma by LC‐MS/MS: application for a pharmacokinetic study (2012)

A sensitive and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and validated for simultaneous quantification IC87114, roflumilast (RFM), and its active metabolite roflumilast N-oxide (RFN) using tolbutamide as an internal standard. The analytes were extracted by using liquid-liquid extraction and separated on a reverse phase C(18) column (50 mm × 3 mm i.d., 4.6 µ) using methanol: 2 mM ammonium acetate buffer, pH 4.0 as mobile phase at a flow rate 1 mL/min in gradient mode. Selective reaction monitoring was performed using the transitions m/z 398.3 > 145.9, 403.1 >186.9, 419.1 > 187.0 and 271.1 > 155.0 to quantify quantification IC87114, RFM, RFN and tolbutamide, respectively. The method was validated over the concentration range of 0.1-60 ng.mL(-1) for RFM and RFN and 6 to 2980 ng.mL(-1) for IC87114. Intra- and inter-day accuracy and precision of validated method were within the acceptable limits of <15% at all concentrations. Coefficients of correlation (r(2) ) for the calibration curves were >0.99 for all analytes. The quantitation method was successfully applied for simultaneous estimation of IC87114, RFM and RFN in a pharmacokinetic drug-drug interaction study in Wistar rats.
Blocking Probability for M/G/1 Vacation Systems with Occupancy Level Dependent Schedules (1989)

An M/G/1 queue with finite buffer capacity and server vacation schedules dependent on occupancy level is studied. The blocking probability is expressed simply in terms of the ergodic queue length probabilities for the infinite buffer case.
Benchmarking bucky gel actuators: Chemically modified commercial carbon nanotubes versus super‐growth carbon nanotubes (2010)

Abstract Bucky gels are considered novel electro active polymers based on carbon nanotubes (CNTs). They are used to make electrochemical actuators that operate with a solid polymer electrolyte and so can work in air at low voltage (2–4 V) for long time with a maximum strain of approximately 1% and operating frequencies of a few tens of Hertz. It is reported in literature that the use of super‐growth carbon nanotubes (SG‐CNTs) affords the preparation of a composite with increased actuation performance that may considered the ‘benchmark’ material. We have recently shown a chemical route to modify single walled carbon nanotubes (SW‐CNTs) with aromatic diamines (SW‐amide) that significantly enhances the performance of bucky gel actuators through increasing the binding between CNTs. In this paper we compare the actuation performance of bucky gels made using chemically modified SW‐CNTs with the one achieved using pristine SG‐CNTs. The unique properties of SG‐CNTs allow the preparation of actuators that outperform the ones made from pristine commercial CNTs in strain‐charge and strain‐frequency response but when SW‐amide based actuators are compared with those made from SG‐CNTs they show similar performances that stem from the increased binding between CNTs induced by the chemical modification.
Multiportal Robotic Access to the Anterior Cranial Fossa: A Surgical and Engineering Feasibility Study (2013)

Technical feasibility of robotic transorbital and transnasal approaches to access sella and parasellar target locations was demonstrated. This technique addresses the 2 major drawbacks of (1) the narrow funnel effect generated from portals in close proximity and (2) the steep angle of approach to the skull base, as observed in previous studies analyzing transoral, transcervical, transmaxillary, and transhyoid portals.
<title>Monolithic active pixel InGaAs focal plane arrays for near-infrared imaging</title> (1997)

We present the preliminary results of our investigation into the demonstration of a 16 X 16 element 'active-pixel sensor' array for imaging in the 0.5-2.5 micrometers wavelength spectrum. Each pixel consists of an InGaAs photodiode integrated with InP JFET-based signal processing electronics. An InP-based reset switch in each pixel is addressable using peripheral row and column select switches. The pixel architecture is based on a source-follower circuit. Each pixel has only four devices - three JFETs and a photodetector. This architecture can potentially lead to pixel fill factors in excess of 60 percent. The InP-based JFETs have extremely low leakage currents and high ON/OFF switching ratios. Each photodiode is independently addressed by applying a voltage to the reset terminal. Once the reset transistor Qa is switched ON, the photocurrent drives the output terminal using the source-follower circuit. The Sorce Follower Array architecture facilitates monolithic integration of the InP JFETs and InGaAs photodetectors with up to 2.5micrometers -wavelength cut-off. One important aspect of the JFET design is the p-type InP epilayer under the channel region of the JFET. This grown in p-n junction isolates the channel from the substrate thereby reducing the leakage current of the JFET.
Phenanthrenes isolated from diocorea batatas Decne peel with anti-platelet aggregation activity via direct factor Xa inhibitory activity (2020)

Phenanthrene is a class of phenolic metabolites present in Dioscorea batatas which has bioactivities such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory and antioxidative activities. Two phenanthrenes isolated from D. batatas Decne peel, exhibited inhibition against factor Xa and platelet aggregation. They were evaluated for their anti-FXa and anti-platelet aggregation properties by monitoring clotting time, platelet aggregation, FXa activity, and thrombus formation. They exhibited inhibition of the catalysis of FXa and inhibition of adenosine diphosphate- and U46619- induced platelet aggregation. They also inhibited phosphorylation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate induced by ADP- and U46619 and the expression of P-selectin, while activating GP IIb/IIIa 1 in platelets. Improved production of nitric oxide and inhibition of endothelin-1 oversecretion were observed. In vivo studies demonstrated the enhanced antithrombotic effects and elicited anticoagulant effects of the compounds. Their anti-thrombotic efficacy were equivalent to rivaroxaban.
2-Pyrazolyl-N6-Substituted Adenosine Derivatives as High Affinity and Selective Adenosine A3Receptor Agonists (2004)

We describe the synthesis of new high affinity and selective A(3)-adenosine receptor (A(3)-AdoR) agonists. Introduction of a methyl group at the N(6)-position of the A(2A)-AdoR selective 2-pyrazolyl-adenosine analogues (Figure 2) brought about a substantial increase in the A(3)-AdoR binding affinity and selectivity. While the N(6)-desmethyl analogues 3a and 4 were inactive at the A(3)-AdoR (K(i) > 10 microM), the corresponding N(6)-methyl analogues 5 and 22 showed good binding affinity at the A(3)-AdoR (K(i) = 73 and 97 nM, respectively). Replacement of the carboxamide group in 5 with different heteroaryl groups resulted in analogues with high affinities and selectivity for the A(3)-AdoR. (2R,3S,4R)-tetrahydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-5-(6-(methylamino)-2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-9H-purin-9-yl)furan-3,4-diol (15, K(i) = 2 nM) displayed high selectivity for the A(3)-AdoR versus A(1)- and A(2A)-AdoRs (selectivity ratios of 1900 and >2000, respectively).
High temporal resolution sensing of atmospheric turbulence refractive index structure parameter (C_n^2) based on embedded edge AI-processing of scintillation images (2022)

A deep machine learning-based electro-optics system (TurbNet sensor) was developed to measure atmospheric turbulence refractive index structure parameter (C<sup>2</sup><sub>n</sub>) at a high temporal resolution by processing short-exposure intensity scintillation patterns. The TurbNet sensor was composed of a remotely located LED beacon, an optical receiver telescope with a CCD camera for capturing short exposure pupil-plane intensity scintillation patterns, and a Jetson Xavier Nx embedded AIcomputing platform to implement the deep neural network (DNN)-based processing of LED beam scintillation images. Performance of the TurbNet sensor was evaluated over a 7 km atmospheric propagation path.
Free Electrons Can Induce Quantum Correlations Between Two Separate Photonic Cavities (2021)

We find that free electrons passing through two independent photonic cavities induce quantum correlations between them, creating nonzero quantum mutual information and second-order coherence. The concept is general and applicable for example in electron-phonon interactions.
Targeted Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Serum Acylcarnitines in Acetaminophen Toxicity in Children (2014)

Perturbations in long-chain acylcarnitines in children with APAP toxicity suggest that mitochrondrial injury and associated impairment in the β-oxidation of fatty acids are clinically relevant as biomarkers of APAP toxicity.
A 4.9Mpixel Programmable-Resolution Multi-Purpose CMOS Image Sensor for Computer Vision (2022)

Today's mobile devices are capable of multiple tasks, including viewing and computer vision. However, these tasks are often implemented using multiple cameras due to divergent requirements, resulting in increases in form factor. Higher resolutions and frame rates are required to take pictures and video, while lower resolutions and frame rates are preferred especially for always-on computer vision to save power. To reduce the form factor, this paper presents a single-chip solution where both high-resolution viewing images and lower-resolution computer vision images are generated from one CMOS Image sensor (CIS). Full field-of-view programmable image resolutions are made possible with floating-diffusion (FD) binning through serial switches. In-frame dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) is applied to minimize power at lower pixel resolutions and frame rates. 1/2, 1/4, 1/8, 1/16 and 1/192 binning modes are demonstrated using a <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$2560(\mathsf{H})\times 1920(\mathsf{V})$</tex> pixel array that, at 1fps, consumes <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$790\mu\mathsf{W}$</tex> for full-color VGA and 120µW for motion-detection (MD) mode.
Synthesis of Azabicycloalkane Amino Acid Scaffolds as Reverse-Turn Inducer Dipeptide Mimics (2000)

In an effort to design dipeptide structural mimics of protein and peptide reverse-turns, a series of 5,5-, 6,5-, and 7,5-fused 2-oxo-1-azabicycloalkane amino acids has been synthesized. A new and convenient synthetic route utilizing a Horner−Emmons reaction followed by double-bond reduction has been used to prepare the bicyclic lactams in high yields.
Dominguinhos e a “invenção” do Nordeste cosmopolita (2018)

Através da biografia do acordeonista Dominguinhos, a partir do início dos anos 1970, há dados musicais e biográficos que sinalizam uma transformação estético-musical em sua trajetória. Esta seria levada a cabo por interesses musicais do acordeonista e pelo contato com os tropicalistas, sobretudo ao participar do disco e da turnê do disco “Índia”(1973) de Gal Costa. Tais mudanças apontam para outra representação da ideia de Nordeste que parece emergir em sua obra. Essa região deixa, ainda que parcialmente e com tensões, de ser um local mítico, rural e herdeiro de valores do catolicismo popular, consagrada na obra de Luiz Gonzaga, para tornar-se um Nordeste urbano e cosmopolita.
Detection and parameter estimation of multiple nonGaussian sources via higher order statistics (1994)

Simultaneous detection of signal arriving at a sensor array and estimation of their parameters is carried out using higher than second-order statistics. Information theoretic criteria which are (at least theoretically) insensitive to additive Gaussian noise are developed to estimate consistently the parameters as well as the number of non-Gaussian but unknown sources. The novel cumulant based algorithms can estimate parameters of more sources with fewer sensors. Simulations confirm superior resolution capability of the proposed methods for both narrow-band and wideband sources in the presence of low SNR additive correlated Gaussian noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Geiger-mode APD single-photon cameras for 3D laser radar imaging (2014)

We describe the design and performance of short-wave infrared 3D imaging cameras with focal plane arrays (FPAs) based on Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes (GmAPDs) with single photon sensitivity for laser radar imaging applications. The FPA pixels incorporate InP/InGaAs(P) GmAPDs for the detection of single photons with high efficiency and low dark count rates. Based on the design of the GmAPD detectors, FPAs have been optimized for source wavelengths near either 1.0 μm or 1.5 μm. We present results and attributes of fully integrated camera sub-systems with 32 × 32 and 128 × 32 formats, which have 100 μm pitch and 50 μm pitch, respectively. We also address the sensitivity of the fundamental GmAPD detectors to radiation exposure, including recent results that correlate detector active region volume to sustainable radiation tolerance levels. For GmAPD detector designs that are compatible with our existing FPA platform, these discrete device results indicate that sensors with our current level of performance can be designed to tolerate radiation exposure of at least 8 krad with acceptable levels of dark count rate elevation.
Passive photometric stereo from motion (2005)

We introduce an iterative algorithm for shape reconstruction from multiple images of a moving (Lambertian) object illuminated by distant (and possibly time varying) lighting. Starting with an initial piecewise linear surface, the algorithm iteratively estimates a new surface based on the previous surface estimate and the photometric information available from the input image sequence. During each iteration, standard photometric stereo techniques are applied to estimate the surface normals up to an unknown generalized bas-relief transform, and a new surface is computed by integrating the estimated normals. The algorithm essentially consists of a sequence of matrix factorizations (of intensity values) followed by minimization using gradient descent (integration of the normals). Conceptually, the algorithm admits a clear geometric interpretation, which is used to provide a qualitative analysis of the algorithm's convergence. Implementation-wise, it is straightforward being based on several established photometric stereo and structure from motion algorithms. We demonstrate experimentally the effectiveness of our algorithm using several videos of hand-held objects moving in front of a fixed light and camera.
Intermittent polaron dynamics: Born-Oppenheimer approximation out of equilibrium (2006)

We consider a model of a molecular switch that consists of an electronic orbital strongly interacting with a local vibrational mode. The strong polaronic interaction prevents perturbative treatment of the problem. Instead, we find that in an adiabatic regime when the electronic dynamics is faster than the vibrational frequency, it is possible to provide a fully nonperturbative treatment of the nonequilibrium properties of the system. The results shows intermittent switching between bistable states of the oscillator with an effective random telegraph noise.
Dual Morphology of Islands and Fractal Holes in Block Copolymer Thin Films (2001)

This work was funded in part by the National Research Laboratory program. Financial supports from the Korean Ministry of Education&#13;\nthrough the Brain Korea 21 Program and from the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) under Grant 99-07 as well as through the National Program for Tera-level Nano-devices as one of the 21 century Frontier Programs are also greatly appreciated.&#13;\nSAXS experiments performed at PLS were supported in part by MOST and POSCO. We thank Dr. S.-H. Chu for helping us with the ellipsometry.
Descriptive Analysis of Associated Factors for Urgent Versus Nonurgent Inpatient Spine Transfers to a Tertiary Care Hospital (2018)

Patients with spine-associated symptoms are transferred regularly to higher levels of care for operative intervention. It is unclear what factors lead to the transfer of patients with spine pathology to level I care facilities, and which transfers are indicated. All patients with isolated spinal pathology who were transferred from 2011 to 2015 were reviewed. Patients were divided into urgent transfers, defined as anyone who required operative intervention, and nonurgent transfers. Two hundred twenty-seven patients were transferred for isolated spinal pathology over 51 months; 109 (48.0%) patients required urgent intervention and 118 (52.0%) patients required nonurgent care. No significant differences were found between groups in terms of private insurance, age, sex, race, or Charlson comorbidity index. The urgent group was less likely to have a traumatic chief complaint (57.8% vs 78.0%, P = .001). More than half of all spine patients who were transferred to a tertiary care center required minimal intervention.
Synthesis and properties of a bisphenol A based phthalonitrile resin (2005)

Abstract A multiple aromatic ether linked phthalonitrile was synthesized and characterized. The oligomeric phthalonitrile monomer was prepared from the reaction of an excess amount of bisphenol A with 4,4′‐difluorobenzophenone in the presence of K 2 CO 3 as the base in an N,N ‐dimethylformamide/toluene solvent mixture, followed by end capping with 4‐nitrophthalonitrile in a two‐step, one‐pot reaction. The monomer properties were compared to those of the known resin 2,2‐bis[4‐(3,4‐dicyanophenoxy)phenyl]propane after being cured in the presence of bis[4‐(4‐aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone. Rheometric measurements and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the oligomeric phthalonitrile resin maintained good structural integrity upon heating to elevated temperatures and exhibited excellent thermal properties along with long‐term oxidative stability. The ether‐linked phthalonitrile resin absorbed less than 2.5% water by weight after exposure to an aqueous environment for extended periods. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 43: 4136–4143, 2005
In Vivo Assessment of a Rotary Left Ventricular Assist Device‐induced Artificial Pulse in the Proximal and Distal Aorta (2006)

The increasing clinical use of rotary left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) suggests that chronic attenuation of arterial pulse pressure has no clinically significant detrimental effects. However, it remains possible that modulating LVAD rotor speed to produce an artificial pulse may be of temporary or occasional benefit. We sought to evaluate a pulse produced by a continuous-flow, centrifugal pump in an ovine thoracic and abdominal aorta. Both ventricles of an adult sheep were resected to eliminate all native cardiac contributions to pulsatility, each replaced by a continuous-flow Thoratec HeartMate III blood pump (Burlington, MA, USA). An LVAD-induced pulsatile flow was achieved by sharply alternating the speed of the magnetically levitated rotor of the left pump between 1,500 rpm (artificial diastole) and 5,500 rpm (artificial systole) at a rate of 60 bpm at a "systolic" interval of 30%. A catheter was advanced from the ascending aorta to the iliac bifurcation via the ventricular assist device outflow graft for pressure measurement and data acquisition. The mean LVAD-induced pulse pressures were 34, 29, 27, and 26 mm Hg in the ascending, thoracic, and abdominal aorta, and the iliac bifurcation, respectively. The maximum rate of pressure rise (deltap/deltat) was between 189 and 238 mm Hg/s, approaching that of the native pulse, although the energy equivalent pressure did not exceed the mean arterial pressure. The HeartMate III's relatively stiff speed control, low rotor mass, and robust magnetic rotor suspension result in a responsive system, enabling very rapid speed changes that can be used to simulate physiologic pulse pressure and deltap/deltat.