gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nickel‐Catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck Reaction of Aryl Sulfonates and Chlorides with Electronically Unbiased Terminal Olefins: High Selectivity for Branched Products (2014)

Abstract Achieving high selectivity in the Heck reaction of electronically unbiased alkenes has been a longstanding challenge. Using a nickel‐catalyzed cationic Heck reaction, we were able to achieve excellent selectivity for branched products (≥19:1 in all cases) over a wide range of aryl electrophiles and aliphatic olefins. A bidentate ligand with a suitable bite angle and steric profile was key to obtaining high branched/linear selectivity, whereas the appropriate base suppressed alkene isomerization of the product. Although aryl triflates are traditionally used to access the cationic Heck pathway, we have shown that, by using triethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, we can effect a counterion exchange of the catalytic nickel complex, such that cheaper and more stable aryl chlorides, mesylates, tosylates, and sulfamates can be used to yield the same branched products with high selectivity.
The Expression of an Aquaporin Promoter from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in Tobacco (1997)

The promoter region of the MipB gene encoding an aquaporin from Mesembryanthemum crystallinum was isolated and used in a transcriptional fusion to control uidA expression in tobacco. The sequence of the promoter was determined for 2 kb upstream of the translation initiation site. Three start sites were utilized with approximately equal frequency, located 176, 170, and 161 bases, respectively, upstream of the translation initiation site. As judged by analysis of GUS expression, promoter MipB retains its specificity in transgenic tobacco. In germinating seedlings, all cells showed GUS expression of different intensities with the strongest signals in root meristems. In older seedlings, GUS staining was observed in rapidly expanding cells--root and apical meristem, and lateral root primordia. In mature plants, strong GUS activity was located to glandular trichomes, subepidermal cells of the stem and petioles, to cells surrounding vascular tissues as well as in xylem parenchyma cells. In immature floral organs, GUS expression was strong in sepals, petals, stamen, and pistil. The intensity declined as they matured. In general, this promoter was active in rapidly expanding cells and cells with high water flux capacity, especially in the xylem parenchyma.
Data from Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Microtubule-Targeted Chemotherapies: Insights into Acute Injury and Long-term Recovery (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a major cause of disability in cancer survivors. CIPN investigations in preclinical model systems have focused on either behaviors or acute changes in nerve conduction velocity (NCV) and amplitude, but greater understanding of the underlying nature of axonal injury and its long-term processes is needed as cancer patients live longer. In this study, we used multiple independent endpoints to systematically characterize CIPN recovery in mice exposed to the antitubulin cancer drugs eribulin, ixabepilone, paclitaxel, or vinorelbine at MTDs. All of the drugs ablated intraepidermal nerve fibers and produced axonopathy, with a secondary disruption in myelin structure within 2 weeks of drug administration. In addition, all of the drugs reduced sensory NCV and amplitude, with greater deficits after paclitaxel and lesser deficits after ixabepilone. These effects correlated with degeneration in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sciatic nerve and abundance of Schwann cells. Although most injuries were fully reversible after 3–6 months after administration of eribulin, vinorelbine, and ixabepilone, we observed delayed recovery after paclitaxel that produced a more severe, pervasive, and prolonged neurotoxicity. Compared with other agents, paclitaxel also displayed a unique prolonged exposure in sciatic nerve and DRG. The most sensitive indicator of toxicity was axonopathy and secondary myelin changes accompanied by a reduction in intraepidermal nerve fiber density. Taken together, our findings suggest that intraepidermal nerve fiber density and changes in NCV and amplitude might provide measures of axonal injury to guide clinical practice.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Significance:&lt;/b&gt; This detailed preclinical study of the long-term effects of widely used antitubulin cancer drugs on the peripheral nervous system may help guide clinical evaluations to improve personalized care in limiting neurotoxicity in cancer survivors. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 78(3); 817–29. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Non‐T cell nature of the naturally occurring, spleen‐associated suppressor cells present in the newborn mouse (1979)

Abstract Spleens from newborn mice less than 6‐7 days of age contain a “naturally occurring” suppressor cell which possesses the capacity to inhibit not only expression of alloreactivity in the newborn spleen per se , but also T‐dependent and T‐independent immune responses of third‐party adult spleen cells. Similar suppressor activity is not detectable in the newborn thymus. The effector cell of this suppressor activity is not a classical T cell: suppression is resistant to treatment with anti‐T cell reagents, is absent from purified spleen T cell populations, is present in the spleens of T‐deficient (nu/nu) mice, is Helix pomatia A hemagglutinin‐nonbinding. Furthermore, this cell appears to be distinct from classical B cells, natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. Instead, this naturally occurring, newborn spleen‐associated suppressor cell has similar characteristics to the non‐T suppressor cell detectable during old‐age immunological senescence, described by Singhal et al. ( Fed. Proc. 1978. 37 : 1245). When this suppressor cell is removed from newborn spleen cell populations, the resulting T cells exhibit strong alloreactivity. Thus, these data indicate, first, that the nonresponsive state of the newborn spleen is not due to a lack of functional T cells or macrophages, and second, that the suppressor activity in the newborn spleen is not effected by a thymus‐ dependent cell as is currently hypothesized.
A robust fast recursive least squares adaptive algorithm (2002)

Very often, in the context of system identification, the error signal which is by definition the difference between the system and model filter outputs is assumed to be zero-mean, white, and Gaussian. In this case, the least squares estimator is equivalent to the maximum likelihood estimator and hence, it is asymptotically efficient. While this supposition is very convenient and extremely useful in practice, adaptive algorithms optimized on this may be very sensitive to minor deviations from the assumptions. We propose here to model this error with a robust distribution and deduce from it a robust fast recursive least squares adaptive algorithm (least squares is a misnomer here but convenient to use). We then show how to successfully apply this new algorithm to the problem of network echo cancellation combined with a double-talk detector.
Optimal Slip Ratio Estimator for Traction Control System of Electric Vehicle based on Fuzzy Inference (2000)

In this paper, we propose the optimal slip ratio estimation method based on Fuzzy Inference. One of the remarkable advantages of electric vehicle (EV) is the quick and precise torque response of electric motor, which realizes a novel traction control system (TCS). To prevent wheel skid phenomena, the optimal slip ratio control has been successfully developed. It maintains the slip ratio to the optimal value which gives the maximum driving force. The remaining problem is how to generate the optimal slip ratio command to the controller. First, we indicate that the effective estimation of the optimal slip ratio is difficult for a simple gradient method, which is one of the well-known optimization methods. Various knowledge obtained by experiments can be easily installed into Fuzzy Inference. Therefore, its estimation performance can be easily improved by accumulation of human experiences. This is a remarkable advantage in nonlinear estimation of actual road-tire characteristics. The effectiveness of the proposed estimation and control methods is confirmed by numerical simulation.
Characterizing Agosticity Using the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules: Bond Critical Points and Their Local Properties (2012)

In this paper, we extend the work of Popelier and Logothetis [J. Organomet. Chem. 1998, 555, 101] on the characterization of agosticity by considerably enlarging the set of the studied organometallic molecules. To this aim, 23 representative complexes have been considered, including all first line transition metals at various oxidation states and exhibiting four types of agosticity (α, β, γ, and δ). From these examples, the concepts of agostic atom, agostic bond, and agostic interaction are defined and discussed, notably by advocating Bader's analysis of the electron density. The nature and the local properties of the bond critical points are then investigated, and the relationships with the main geometric parameters of the complexes are particularly examined. Moreover, new local descriptors based on kinetic energy densities are developed in order to provide new tools for bond characterization.
Effekt von Growth/Differentiation Factor-5 (GDF-5) auf Genotyp und Phänotyp humaner adulter mesenchymaler Stammzellen (2004)

Increased expression of Col and Runx2 might indicate differentiation towards both osteoblast and fibroblast lineage. However, no Osx expression and no change in ALP support the assumption that rmGDF-5 does not lead to an osteoblast phenotype in hMSC. Our in vitro studies confirm a possible therapeutic benefit of GDF-5 in the treatment of tendon and ligament injuries and tissue engineering approaches. Further research is necessary to prove its clinical value.
Efficient intratracheal delivery of airway epithelial cells in mice and pigs (2014)

Cellular therapy via direct intratracheal delivery has gained interest as a novel therapeutic strategy for treating various pulmonary diseases including cystic fibrosis lung disease. However, concerns such as insufficient cell engraftment in lungs and lack of large animal model data remain to be resolved. This study aimed to establish a simple method for evaluating cell retention in lungs and to develop reproducible approaches for efficient cell delivery into mouse and pig lungs. Human lung epithelial cells including normal human bronchial/tracheal epithelial (NHBE) cells and human lung epithelial cell line A549 were infected with pSicoR-green fluorescent protein (GFP) lentivirus. GFP-labeled NHBE cells were delivered via a modified intratracheal cell instillation method into the lungs of C57BL/6J mice. Two days following cell delivery, GFP ELISA-based assay revealed a substantial cell-retention efficiency (10.48 ± 2.86%, n = 7) in mouse lungs preinjured with 2% polidocanol. When GFP-labeled A549 cells were transplanted into Yorkshire pig lungs with a tracheal intubation fiberscope, a robust initial cell attachment (22.32% efficiency) was observed at 24 h. In addition, a lentiviral vector was developed to induce the overexpression and apical localization of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-GFP fusion proteins in NHBE cells as a means of ex vivo CFTR gene transfer in nonprogenitor (relatively differentiated) lung epithelial cells. These results have demonstrated the convenience and efficiency of direct delivery of exogenous epithelial cells to lungs in mouse and pig models and provided important background for future preclinical evaluation of intratracheal cell transplantation to treat lung diseases.
External Magnetic Field‐Induced Mesoscopic Organization of Fe3O4 Pyramids and Carbon Sheets. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Growth of a Novel Nanostructured ZnO Urchin: Control of Cytotoxicity and Dissolution of the ZnO Urchin (2015)

The applications of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NWs) in implantable wireless devices, such as diagnostic nanobiosensors and nanobiogenerators, have recently attracted enormous attention due to their unique properties. However, for these implantable nanodevices, the biocompatibility and the ability to control the behaviour of cells in contact with ZnO NWs are demanded for the success of these implantable devices, but to date, only a few contrasting results from their biocompatibility can be found. There is a need for more research about the biocompatibility of ZnO nanostructures and the adhesion and viability of cells on the surface of ZnO nanostructures. Here, we introduce synthesis of a new nature-inspired nanostructured ZnO urchin, with the dimensions of the ZnO urchin’s acicula being controllable. To examine the biocompatibility and behaviour of cells in contact with the ZnO urchin, the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) epithelial cell line was chosen as an in vitro experimental model. The results of the viability assay indicated that, compared to control, the number of viable cells attached to the surface of the ZnO urchin and its surrounding area were reduced. The measurements of the Zn contents of cell media confirmed ZnO dissolution, which suggests that the ZnO dissolution in cell culture medium could lead to cytotoxicity. A purposeful reduction of ZnO cytotoxicity was achieved by surface coating of the ZnO urchin with poly(vinylidene fluorid-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP), which changed the material matrix to slow the Zn ion release and consequently reduce the cytotoxicity of the ZnO urchin without reducing its functionality.
Zirconium oxide-aluminum oxide nanolaminate gate dielectrics for amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (2011)

The dielectric properties of ZrO2–Al2O3 nanolaminates, deposited via atomic layer deposition, and their impact on the performance and stability of indium gallium zinc oxide and zinc tin oxide amorphous oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) are investigated. It is found that nanolaminate dielectrics can combine the advantages of constituent dielectrics and produce TFTs with improved performance and stability compared to single layer gate dielectrics. It is also found that TFT performance and stability are influenced not only by the chemical composition of the gate dielectric/channel interface but also by the thickness and composition of the laminate layers in the dielectric near the interface.
3D Human Limb Detection using Space Carving and Multi-View Eigen Models (2005)

In this paper, we integrate space carving and eigen detection methods to develop a bottom-up 3D human limb detector. We model the body in terms of its constituent body parts; here we focus on the head, lower arms, upper arms and calves. For each body part, we build a multi-view eigen model that combines image views from multiple calibrated cameras. This approach is much more constraining than the conventional multiple single-view eigen models and provides coarse 3D pose information. We use ideas from space carving using multiple silhouette images to constrain the volume of our search for the body part locations. We have applied the method to detect the body parts of a subject in long test sequences. The approach provides bottom-up in-formation that supports the automatic initialization of a full 3D human body model.
Nonlinear Dimensionality Reduction on Graphs (2018)

In this era of data deluge, many signal processing and machine learning tasks are faced with high-dimensional datasets, including images, videos, as well as time series generated from social, commercial and brain network interactions. Their efficient processing calls for dimensionality reduction techniques capable of properly compressing the data while preserving task-related characteristics, going beyond pairwise data correlations. The present paper puts forth a nonlinear dimensionality reduction framework that accounts for data lying on known graphs. The novel framework encompasses most of the existing dimensionality reduction methods, but it is also capable of capturing and preserving possibly nonlinear correlations that are ignored by linear methods. Furthermore, it can take into account information from multiple graphs. The proposed algorithms were tested on synthetic as well as real datasets to corroborate their effectiveness.
MetAdapt: Meta-Learned Task-Adaptive Architecture for Few-Shot\n Classification (2019)

Few-Shot Learning (FSL) is a topic of rapidly growing interest. Typically, in\nFSL a model is trained on a dataset consisting of many small tasks (meta-tasks)\nand learns to adapt to novel tasks that it will encounter during test time.\nThis is also referred to as meta-learning. Another topic closely related to\nmeta-learning with a lot of interest in the community is Neural Architecture\nSearch (NAS), automatically finding optimal architecture instead of engineering\nit manually. In this work, we combine these two aspects of meta-learning. So\nfar, meta-learning FSL methods have focused on optimizing parameters of\npre-defined network architectures, in order to make them easily adaptable to\nnovel tasks. Moreover, it was observed that, in general, larger architectures\nperform better than smaller ones up to a certain saturation point (where they\nstart to degrade due to over-fitting). However, little attention has been given\nto explicitly optimizing the architectures for FSL, nor to an adaptation of the\narchitecture at test time to particular novel tasks. In this work, we propose\nto employ tools inspired by the Differentiable Neural Architecture Search\n(D-NAS) literature in order to optimize the architecture for FSL without\nover-fitting. Additionally, to make the architecture task adaptive, we propose\nthe concept of `MetAdapt Controller' modules. These modules are added to the\nmodel and are meta-trained to predict the optimal network connections for a\ngiven novel task. Using the proposed approach we observe state-of-the-art\nresults on two popular few-shot benchmarks: miniImageNet and FC100.\n
CONTINUOUS SPINAL ANESTHESIA (1989)

From the Department of Anaesthesia, Harvard Medical School, and Department of Anesthesia, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA.
Induction of ductal morphogenesis and lobular hyperplasia by amphiregulin in the mouse mammary gland. (1996)

As the juvenile mouse mammary gland matures, it undergoes extensive epithelial proliferation, leading to a network of ductal branching that transverses the organ. Recent evidence suggests that the epidermal growth factor-related peptide amphiregulin (AR) may play multiple roles in the proliferation, differentiation, and neoplastic conversion of the mouse mammary gland. Using a dual approach of recombinant AR in slow-release pellets and retroviral expression of AR, we explored the roles of this growth factor in the mouse mammary gland in vivo. We first noted that recombinant AR can reestablish longitudinal ductal proliferation in growth quiescent mammary glands of ovariectomized mice. Furthermore, retrovirally transduced mammary transplants overexpressing AR developed into hyperplastic tertiary ducts and hyperplastic lobules with increased lateral branching, apparent 9 weeks after transplantation into cleared mammary fat pads. This is the first study to demonstrate that AR can reestablish the early developmental activity of ductal mammary epithelium and induce hyperplasia in vivo. These data, coupled with previous findings that demonstrated nearly universal overexpression of AR in human breast cancer and rodent mammary tumorigenesis, suggest that AR may be an important intermediary in glandular maturation and early malignant progression.
A Spectrum Sharing Paradigm for GSO Satellite System and Radio Astronomy System (2019)

Geostationary orbit (GSO) satellite communication systems (SCSs) play an important role in nowadays satellite communication. Orbiting in the Clarke Belt, the GSO satellites provide voice, video, Internet access, and other data services to the users all over the world. The GSO SCSs are seeking for more spectrum resource to satisfy the growing demand of high downlink data rate, while the radio astronomy system (RAS) is suffering the inevitable radio-frequency interference (RFI) from the downlink of these GSO satellites. To solve the conflict between the GSO SCSs and the RAS in the spectrum allocation, we propose a spectrum sharing paradigm for the GSO SCS and the RAS with three potential RFI reduction methods. Depending on the radio astronomical observation (RAO) tasks of different observatories, the corresponding appropriate RFI reduction method combination can be chosen. Our analyses show that the proposed paradigm can guarantee most of the telescopes with the sample loss rate lower than 2% in both protected and unprotected RAS bands, while the SCS can obtain up to 13.88% extra average downlink throughput.
Sequential signal encoding from noisy measurements using quantizers with dynamic bias control (2001)

Signal estimation from a sequential encoding in the form of quantized noisy measurements is considered. As an example context, this problem arises in a number of remote sensing applications, where a central site estimates an information-bearing signal from low-bandwidth digitized information received from remote sensors, and may or may not broadcast feedback information to the sensors. We demonstrate that the use of an appropriately designed and often easily implemented additive control input before signal quantization at the sensor can significantly enhance overall system performance. In particular, we develop efficient estimators in conjunction with optimized random, deterministic, and feedback-based control inputs, resulting in a hierarchy of systems that trade performance for complexity.
Homicidio por pacientes esquizofrénicos en Israel (1999)

Resumen Se comparó a 33 pacientes esquizofrénicos hospitalizados de 45,3 ± 13,5 años de edad que fueron encontrados no culpables de homicidio en virtud de enajenación mental con 28 pacientes esquizofrénicos emparejados en cuanto a la edad, el sexo y la duración de la enfermedad, que no habían cometido ningún delito. El análisis estadístico reveló en el grupo estudiado una tasa alta de factores individuales asociados con la agresión, tales como el abuso de alcohol, el contacto previo con la policía, la conducta agresiva y amenazas ( P &lt; 0,05). Un número significativamente mayor de ellos eran también inmigrantes ( P &lt; 0,05). No hubo diferencias entre grupos en los factores familiares. Estos resultados apoyan estudios anteriores que indicaban que los pacientes esquizofrénicos con perfil de alcoholismo, agresividad y otro país de origen corren un riesgo alto de conducta homicida.
Cancer du sein : rôle du statut nutritionnel (2001)

On explique mal pourquoi l'incidence du cancer du sein est plus forte chez les femmes vivant dans les pays industrialises. Il semble toutefois que l'apport energetique et son influence sur la fonction ovarienne jouent un role essentiel. Jasienska et al. ont preleve des echantillons de salive de femmes âgees de 25 a 35 ans de cinq pays differents afin d'y mesurer le taux de progesterone. Les taux de cancers du sein, ainsi que l'apport energetique etaient tous deux positivement et independamment correles a ces taux de progesterone. Au Congo, par exemple, ou les taux de progesterone salivaire varient autour de 5,3 pmol/l, l'incidence du cancer du sein est de 10,7/100 000 femmes alors qu'aux Etats-Unis, ou le taux de progesterone moyen est de 5,8 pmol/l, l'incidence est au moins huit fois plus elevee. Les auteurs suggerent que puisque la fonction ovarienne est sensible au statut nutritionnel, le risque d'une femme de developper un cancer du sein pourrait etre modifie par le fait de manger moins et de faire plus d'exercice.Jasienska G., et al. 2001. Lifestyle, hormones and risk of breast cancer. BMJ 322 : 586-587.