gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Chemistry and Spectroscopy of UG8 Asphaltene Langmuir Film, Part 1 (2010)

This research focuses on a systematic investigation of UG8 asphaltene Langmuir films at the air-water interface using toluene as the spreading solvent. From the surface pressure-area isotherms, it was concluded that small-sized aggregates are spread on the water surface and the compression of the film leads to formation of large aggregates. Our methods provide a stringent test and confirmation for the formation of corresponding asphaltene nanoaggregates that have recently been proposed for bulk solutions. These results were confirmed by compression-decompression isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, and p-polarized infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy. The transfer of a single layer using both the Langmuir-Schaefer and Langmuir-Blodgett deposition techniques shows different aggregate shapes depending on the technique used as imaged using atomic force microscopy. The films reveal the existence of nanoaggregates spread on the water surface that coexist with large aggregates formed during compression. For the nanoaggregate, the thickness of the Langmuir-Schaefer and Langmuir-Blodgett films determined by AFM is consistent with small aggregation numbers of nanoaggregates determined by Langmuir film compression. In addition to these findings, the spreading solvent, toluene, was found to be trapped within the aggregates as confirmed by in situ UV-vis spectroscopy at the air-water interface. This result was possible only after waiting a time period of 1 h to allow the complete evaporation of the spreading solvent. This is the only study that reveals the presence of the in situ toluene within the UG8 aggregates directly at the air-water interface.
Inverted small molecule organic photovoltaic cells on reflective substrates (2008)

We demonstrate top-illuminated, inverted, small molecule photovoltaic cells grown on reflective substrates employing copper phthalocyanine as the donor and 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic bis-benzimidazole as the acceptor, with a sputter-deposited transparent indium tin oxide top cathode and a metal anode, thereby reversing the conventional charge extraction properties of these contacts. The best device achieved a peak power conversion efficiency of 0.74±0.03%, reasonably consistent with the optical simulations under 1sun AM1.5G illumination giving 0.83±0.02%. This work suggests that inverted organic solar cells grown on reflective substrates have potential uses such as for power-generating coatings on opaque surfaces.
Cytochrome P450 2C8 ω3-Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Metabolites Increase Mouse Retinal Pathologic Neovascularization—Brief Report (2014)

Our results suggest that CYP2C ω3LCPUFA metabolites promote retinal pathological angiogenesis. CYP2C8 is part of a novel lipid metabolic pathway influencing retinal neovascularization.
SharePoint 2007: The Definitive Guide (2007)

For any organization that wants to use Windows SharePoint Services to share and collaborate on Microsoft Office documents, this book shows administrators of all levels how to get up and running with this powerful and popular set of collaboration tools. Microsoft Windows SharePoint Services technology in Office 2007 is an integrated set of services designed to connect people, information, processes, and systems both within and beyond the organizational firewall. SharePoint 2007: The Definitive Guide provides a detailed discussion of all Sharepoint features, applications and extensions. You learn how to build Sharepoint sites and site collections, along with ways to administrate, secure, and extend Sharepoint. This book teaches you how to: Get up to speed on SharePoint, including ways to create lists, libraries, discussions and surveysIntegrate email, use web parts, track changes with RSS, and use database reporting servicesCustomize your personal site, create sites and areas, and organize site collectionsIntegrate with Office applications, including Excel, Word, Outlook, Picture Manager, and InfoPathInstall, deploy, maintain and secure SharePointBrand a portal, using your corporate style sheet, designing templates, and building site definitionsExtend SitePoint, such as creating client side and server side web parts, using the SharePoint class library and SharePoint web services Each chapter starts with a guide that lets you know what it covers before you dive in. The book also features a detailed reference section that includes information on compatibility, command line utilities, services, and CSS styles. Why wait? Get a hold of SharePoint 2007: The Definitive Guide today!
Deficiency of GABARAP but Not Its Paralogs Causes Enhanced EGF-Induced EGFR Degradation (2020)

The γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptor-associated protein (GABARAP) and its close paralogs GABARAPL1 and GABARAPL2 constitute a subfamily of the autophagy-related 8 (Atg8) protein family. Being associated with a variety of dynamic membranous structures of autophagic and non-autophagic origin, Atg8 proteins functionalize membranes by either serving as docking sites for other proteins or by acting as membrane tethers or adhesion factors. In this study, we describe that deficiency for GABARAP alone, but not for its close paralogs, is sufficient for accelerated EGF receptor (EGFR) degradation in response to EGF, which is accompanied by the downregulation of EGFR-mediated MAPK signaling, altered target gene expression, EGF uptake, and EGF vesicle composition over time. We further show that GABARAP and EGFR converge in the same distinct compartments at endogenous GABARAP expression levels in response to EGF stimulation. Furthermore, GABARAP associates with EGFR in living cells and binds to synthetic peptides that are derived from the EGFR cytoplasmic tail in vitro. Thus, our data strongly indicate a unique and novel role for GABARAP during EGFR trafficking.
Targeted Intracellular Delivery of Proteins with Spatial and Temporal Control (2014)

While a host of methods exist to deliver genetic materials or small molecules to cells, very few are available for protein delivery to the cytosol. We describe a modular, light-activated nanocarrier that transports proteins into cells by receptor-mediated endocytosis and delivers the cargo to the cytosol by light triggered endosomal escape. The platform is based on hollow gold nanoshells (HGN) with polyhistidine tagged proteins attached through an avidity-enhanced, nickel chelation linking layer; here, we used green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model deliverable cargo. Endosomal uptake of the GFP loaded nanocarrier was mediated by a C-end Rule (CendR) internalizing peptide fused to the GFP. Focused femtosecond pulsed-laser excitation triggered protein release from the nanocarrier and endosome disruption, and the released protein was capable of targeting the nucleoli, a model intracellular organelle. We further demonstrate the generality of the approach by loading and releasing Sox2 and p53. This method for targeting of individual cells, with resolution similar to microinjection, provides spatial and temporal control over protein delivery.
Erratum: Mating dynamics in a nematode with three sexes and its evolutionary implications (2016)

Scientific Reports 5: Article number: 17676; Published online: 03 December 2015; Updated: 07 April 2016 This Article contains an error in Supplementary Figure 1 where the value of the male chemotaxis index towards ascr#9 ‘0.26 ± 0.07’ was incorrectly depicted as ‘0.38 ± 0.07’. The correct Supplementary Figure 1 appears below as Figure 1.
Differential response of PCNA and Cdk-A proteins and associated kinase activities to benzyladenine and abscisic acid during maize seed germination (2004)

The proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a protein factor required for processive DNA synthesis that is associated with G(1) cell cycle proteins. It has been demonstrated previously that, in germinating maize (Zea mays) embryonic axes, PCNA forms protein complexes with two Cdk-A proteins (32 and 36 kDa) and with a putative D-type cyclin. These complexes exhibit protein kinase activity on histone H1 and on the maize homologue of the pRB (retinoblastoma) protein. Flow cytometry has been used to study the influence of the phytohormones benzyladenine (BA) and abscisic acid (ABA) on cell cycle advancement during maize germination. It was found that, while BA accelerates the passage of cells from G(1) to G(2), ABA delays cell cycle events so that most cells seem to remain in G(1). The amounts of PCNA and Cdk-A proteins also vary according to the hormone treatment. In embryonic axes, PCNA increases rapidly during early germination in BA, compared with a gradual increase in water, while ABA treatment had only a marginal effect. However, of the two Cdk-A proteins, the 32 kDa protein is strongly reduced after 15 h of imbibition in water while this occurs later when axes are imbibed in BA or ABA. The PCNA-associated protein kinase activity in the BA and ABA treatments falls after 3 h of imbibition compared with activity in the control; however, while kinase activity in the BA treatment continues to decline during imbibition, it remains relatively constant until 24 h of imbibition in the ABA treatment. By contrast, a p13(Suc1)-associated Cdk-A kinase is activated after 15 h of imbibition under all treatments, particularly in ABA. These results suggest that, in maize, ABA delays the germination process by affecting cell cycle advancement, stopping cells mostly in a G(1) state.
Edg-2 in myelin-forming cells: Isoforms, genomic mapping, and exclusion in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (1999)

Edg-2 is an heptahelical receptor whose spatio-temporal distribution during rat brain development is consistent with a role in the control of myelination. We have now identified two splice variants of Edg-2 mRNA in rat brain that encode two receptor isoforms differing by a stretch of 18 amino acids in the NH2-terminal extracellular tail of the receptor. Prenatally (i.e., before oligodendrocyte myelination), the two variants detected by selective in situ hybridization are equally abundant, vary in parallel, and remain restricted to proliferative zones in the brain. Postnatally, the long isoform becomes predominant in myelinating structures, where its abundance increases sharply during the period of myelination. In the adult human brain, only the long variant was detected, while in situ hybridization showed it selectively expressed in the white matter and in clusters of cells showing features of oligodendrocytes of the temporal cerebral cortex. Consequently, the human Edg-2 gene was studied to assess its possible contribution in inherited neuropathies. The coding sequence was found to be contained in three exons and to map to chromosome 9q31.3-32 by using radiation hybrid panel and Yeast-Artificial Chromosomes. Two intragenic bi-allelic polymorphisms and a rare mutation were identified. As a first application to molecular genetic studies, they were used to exclude the Edg-2 gene in six families with phenotype of demyelinating Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease of unknown origin.
Influence of Supramolecular Organization on Energy Transfer Properties in Chiral Oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) Porphyrin Assemblies (2007)

A comparative study on oligo(p-phenylene vinylene) (OPV)-appended porphyrins containing all trans-vinylene (either hydrophilic or lipophilic) or amide linkages (lipophilic) is presented. The type of supramolecular arrangement obtained in organic solvents proves to be strongly dependent on the nature of the covalent connection. In the case of all trans-vinylene linkages, a J-type intermolecular packing is obtained and the assemblies are only of moderate stability. Conversely, the supramolecular structures obtained from the amide-linked system display an H-type stacking arrangement of enhanced stability and chirality as a consequence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding along the stack direction, favorably interlocking the stacked building blocks. Interestingly, the observed differences in stability and organization are qualitatively illustrated by monitoring the sequential energy transfer process in both types of assemblies. Efficient intramolecular energy transfer from the OPVs (donors) to the respective porphyrin cores is followed by energy transfer from Zn-porphyrin (donor) to free-base porphyrin (acceptor) in both systems. However, the improved intermolecular organization for the amide-linked system increases the energy transfer efficiency along the stack direction. In addition, the water-soluble (OPV)-appended porphyrin system forms highly stable assemblies in an aqueous environment. Nevertheless, the poor energy transfer efficiency along the stack direction reveals a relative lack of organization in these assemblies.
Novel control method for multiphase low-voltage high-current fast-transient VRMs (2003)

High-current high-density multiphase DC-DC converters controllers require high performance current sharing functionality in order to keep almost equal division of the load current between the phases at all load conditions while retaining voltage regulation. Usually, this functionality adds complexity to the closed loop controller design and it is only accurate at full load condition. Moreover, the available current sharing methods regulate the current in each phase by controlling the ON time of the switches, which forces the current sharing functionality to be dependent on the control method being used. In this paper, a simple and effective current sharing method that is independent of the regulation control method being used is presented. The presented method is applied to a voltage-mode hysteretic-controlled multiphase DC-DC converter for the next generation of microprocessors and communication devices that requires high-density high-current fast transient and low output voltage deviation converters. Simulation and experimental results verified the proposes current sharing method.
Magnetic Resonance Image Segmentation by Contextual Fuzzy Clustering (1993)

This article presents a fuzzy c-mean clustering algorithm, named contextual thresholded fuzzy c-mean, for the segmentation of magnetic resonance brain images. This algorithm incorporates contextual information into the thresholded fuzzy c-mean algorithm. This is done by adjusting the membership of voxels adaptively based upon the membership context of the surrounding voxels. The performance of this algorithm was compared both to crisp and to fuzzy clustering algorithms using “phantom” data and a set of clinical examples. The contextual fuzzy c-mean algorithm gave the best results of those tested when the criteria were accuracy of volume measurements and homogeneity of brain tissue types. A graphical user interface was developed for these methods to provide an easy-to-use software tool for clinical environments.
Impaired Activation of NFκB in T Cells From a Subset of Renal Cell Carcinoma Patients Is Mediated by Inhibition of Phosphorylation and Degradation of the Inhibitor, IκB (1998)

Activation of the transcription factor NFκB in peripheral blood T cells from patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is compromised. This impaired signaling function results from a failure of RelA and c-Rel to translocate to the nucleus though normal levels of Rel proteins are present in the cytoplasm. We demonstrate here in a subset of RCC patients that the defect in NFκB activation is attributable to the absence of phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor IκB. In patient T cells there was no stimulus dependent decrease in the cytoplasmic level of IκB. Coimmunoprecipitation studies showed that RelA was in complex with IκB and was not released after stimulation. Moreover, the phosphorylated form of IκB detected in normal T cells after activation is absent in patient T cells. Additional experiments showed that soluble products from RCCs (RCC-S) can reproduce the same phenotype in T cells from healthy individuals. Supernatant fluid from cultured explants of RCC, but not normal kidney, inhibited the stimulus dependent nuclear translocation of NFκB without altering the cytoplasmic levels of RelA, c-Rel, and NFκB1. Phosphorylation and degradation of IκB was also blocked by RCC-S. The mechanistic similarities between patient-derived T cells and normal T cells cultured with RCC-S suggest that the tumor-derived products may be the primary mediators of impaired T-cell function in this tumor system. © 1998 by The American Society of Hematology.
Intervalley scattering and field screening in germanium/silicon-germanium quantum wells (2010)

The scattering time of electrons from the direct Γ to the indirect L valley in the conduction band of germanium/silicon-germanium quantum wells is measured to be ∼250 fs. Carrier field screening is also observed and modeled.
<title>IC yield prediction and analysis using semi-empirical yield models and test data</title> (2002)

This paper presents the result of an extension to the concept of Micro-Yield modeling. We have developed a design attribute extraction and yield prediction software system that - given the characterization of a semiconductor process via complex test chips that we call Characterization Vehicle test chips and IC product layout and a set of proprietary yield models - computes detailed contributions of different yield models, of geometrical chip regions and of parts of the chip circuitry to the overall chip yield. The organization of the computed output allows easy comparison of predicted yields to inspection and electrical test measurements, where the electrical tests can include failure bit maps for memories and scan tests results for logic circuits. After we review the concept of the Yield Impact Matrix, we define a more general Micro-Event paradigm and introduce the Extended YIMP. We discuss its application to yield loss root-cause analysis, review related work and present example applications of the overall system built around this concepts.
Modeling of a membrane reactor system for crude palm oil transesterification. Part I: Chemical and phase equilibrium (2015)

Using a membrane reactor for reversible transesterification reaction involves reaction and product separation within a single unit. However, a pseudohomogeneous reaction and heterogeneous separation must be maintained for successful membrane reactor operation. Present research is aimed to develop an integrated model of chemical and phase equilibrium (CPE) and modified Maxwell–Stefan equation that describes the simultaneous CPE and mass transport phenomena of biodiesel production from crude palm oil (CPO) using a membrane reactor. In the first part of this work, a systematic approach describing simultaneous CPE of CPO transesterification in the membrane reactor was developed with the reconciliation of transesterification reaction and phase equilibrium that involves six‐component. The results revealed that regressed apparent equilibrium constant, value of 17.557 1.51% were higher than the literatures. This indicates that forward reaction of the reversible CPO transesterification is much favored in the membrane reactor than the conventional reactor. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J , 61: 1968–1980, 2015
Relation between zero-stress state and branching order of porcine left coronary arterial tree (1998)

The left common coronary arterial trees of eight pig hearts were dissected. The zero-stress state (the state of the organ when the external loads are removed) of the coronary arteries was determined by first cutting the arteries into short, ring-shaped segments perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the blood vessel and then making a radial cut. This procedure caused the ring to open into a sector whose opening angle (theta), internal and external lengths (circumferences), and wall thickness were measured. Morphometric and theta data were organized in the framework of a diameter-defined Strahler system. We investigated 4 rings from the left common coronary artery (LCCA), 185 from the left anterior descending artery (LAD) and its branches, and 159 from the left circumflex artery (LCX) and its branches. The inner circumferences of the rings ranged over six orders for the LAD arterial tree and five orders for the LCX arterial tree, corresponding to a diameter range of about one order of magnitude for both arteries. theta demonstrates viscoelastic behavior and was measured 30 min after cutting. Our results show that the inner and outer circumference and the wall thickness increase as geometric sequences with the order number. theta is found to decrease linearly toward the smaller orders with a slope of 7.3 degrees/order in the range of the six largest orders. Strain calculations showed that the inner part of the arterial wall is in compression, whereas the outer part of the wall is in tension in the no-load (zero transmural pressure) state. This study provides basic data on the zero-stress state that are necessary for understanding the mechanics of the coronary artery.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of the Tetranuclear Mixed‐Metal Carbido Clusters (WRu3L(CO) 11(μ4‐C)(μ‐H)) via Methoxymethylidyne Clusters (WRu3L(CO)11(μ 3‐COMe)) (L: η‐C5H5 or η‐C5Me5). Crystal Structures of (WRu3(. eta.‐C5Me5)(CO)11(μ3‐COMe)) and (WRu3(η‐C5H5)(CO)11(μ4‐C)(. mu.‐H)). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selection Criteria of Spring Stiffness for Nozzle Type Check Valves in Compressor Station Applications (2011)

Nozzle type check valves are often employed in compressor stations in three locations: compressor outlet, station discharge and station by-pass. The fundamental design concept of these valves is based on creating a converging diverging flow through the valve internal geometry such that a minimum area is achieved at a location corresponding to the back of the check valve disc at fully open position. This will ensure maximum hydrodynamic force coefficient which allows the valve to be fully open with minimum flow. Spring forces and stiffness determine the performance of this type of check valves and impact the overall operation and integrity of compressor station. This paper examines the effects of various spring characteristics and stiffness in relation to the compressor and station flow characteristics. The results show that when the spring forces are higher than the maximum hydrodynamic force at minimum flow, the disc will not be at fully open position, which will give rise to disc fluttering and potential for cyclic high velocity impact between components of the internal valve assembly. This could lead to self destruction of the check valve and subsequent risk of damage to the compressor unit itself. The paper also points to the fact that the spring selection criteria for a unit check valve are different than that for station and bypass check valves. An example of a case study with actual field data from a high pressure ratio compressor station employing this type of check valves is presented to illustrate the associated dynamic phenomena and fluid-structure interaction within the internal assembly of the check valve.