gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance nanocomposite thin film transistors with bilayer carbon nanotube-polythiophene active channel by ink-jet printing (2009)

Nanocomposite thin film transistors (TFTs) based on nonpercolating networks of single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polythiophene semiconductor [poly[5,5′-bis(3-dodecyl-2-thienyl)-2,2′-bithiophene] (PQT-12)] thin film hosts are demonstrated by ink-jet printing. A systematic study on the effect of CNT loading on the transistor performance and channel morphology is conducted. With an appropriate loading of CNTs into the active channel, ink-jet printed composite transistors show an effective hole mobility of 0.23 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is an enhancement of more than a factor of 7 over ink-jet printed pristine PQT-12 TFTs. In addition, these devices display reasonable on/off current ratio of 105–106, low off currents of the order of 10 pA, and a sharp subthreshold slope (&amp;lt;0.8 V dec−1). The work presented here furthers our understanding of the interaction between polythiophene polymers and nonpercolating CNTs, where the CNT density in the bilayer structure substantially influences the morphology and transistor performance of polythiophene. Therefore, optimized loading of ink-jet printed CNTs is crucial to achieve device performance enhancement. High performance ink-jet printed nanocomposite TFTs can present a promising alternative to organic TFTs in printed electronic applications, including displays, sensors, radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags, and disposable electronics.
Explaining microphones and loudspeakers in a musical acoustics course for non-scientists (2016)

Contemporary courses in the field of musical acoustics rely upon basic audio engineering components such as acoustical transducers: microphones, accelerometers, and loudspeakers. Most students are very aware of the practical use and behavior of such devices, but they seldom have a useful understanding of the physical and engineering principles behind the design of these essential components. This paper presents a lesson example explaining microphones and loudspeakers for a general-interest undergraduate college course entitled “The Science of Sound.” The lesson includes a descriptive lecture component, examples and discussion, and a hands-on demonstration.
Green Chemistry to Modify Functional Properties of Crambe Protein Isolate-Based Thermally Formed Films (2023)

Proteins are promising precursors to be used in production of sustainable materials with properties resembling plastics, although protein modification or functionalization is often required to obtain suitable product characteristics. Here, effects of protein modification were evaluated by crosslinking behavior using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), secondary structure using infrared spectroscopy (IR), liquid imbibition and uptake, and tensile properties of six crambe protein isolates modified in solution before thermal pressing. The results showed that a basic pH (10), especially when combined with the commonly used, although moderately toxic, crosslinking agent glutaraldehyde (GA), resulted in a decrease in crosslinking in unpressed samples, as compared to acidic pH (4) samples. After pressing, a more crosslinked protein matrix with an increase in β-sheets was obtained in basic samples compared to acidic samples, mainly due to the formation of disulfide bonds, which led to an increase in tensile strength, and liquid uptake with less material resolved. A treatment of pH 10 + GA, combined either with a heat or citric acid treatment, did not increase crosslinking or improve the properties in pressed samples, as compared to pH 4 samples. Fenton treatment at pH 7.5 resulted in a similar amount of crosslinking as the pH 10 + GA treatment, although with a higher degree of peptide/irreversible bonds. The strong bond formation resulted in lack of opportunities to disintegrate the protein network by all extraction solutions tested (even for 6 M urea + 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate + 1% dithiothreitol). Thus, the highest crosslinking and best properties of the material produced from crambe protein isolates were obtained by pH 10 + GA and pH 7.5 + Fenton, where Fenton is a greener and more sustainable solution than GA. Therefore, chemical modification of crambe protein isolates is effecting both sustainability and crosslinking behavior, which might have an effect on product suitability.
Atomic layer epitaxy of AlGaN (2010)

Abstract Atomic layer epitaxy of AlGaN with an average growth rate of as high as 4.5 mm/h has been achieved by the high‐speed switching‐valves (HSSVs) technique in a raised‐pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy system. Regarding the duration of group III metalorganics and NH 3 gases input, 0.1 second for each injection time is found to be sufficient to realize AlGaN growth of one monolayer per cycle over a 2‐inch wafer with hydrogen and nitrogen carrier gases at a raised pressure. Low‐temperature growth of high‐quality AlGaN has been achieved using HSSVs. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Reduced complexity optical duobinary 10-Gb/s transmitter setup resulting in an increased transmission distance (2001)

We present a transmitter setup for optical duobinary transmission with reduced complexity resulting from a simple precoder and from using a standard single-arm Mach-Zehnder modulator. With this setup, data transmission at 10 Gb/s over a record length of 252-km uncompensated standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) is demonstrated.
Experiences and intentions of Ugandan household tuberculosis contacts receiving test results via text message: an exploratory study (2020)

Household contacts experienced relief when they received results. However, they were less confident about results delivered via SMS than results delivered by LHWs. Delivery of results by SMS should complement continued interaction with LHWs, not replace them.
Electrocardiogram-Independent Image Reconstruction in Cardiac Multidetector Computed Tomography Using Retrospective Motion Synchronization (2006)

In the currently implemented form the motion-gated algorithm is inferior to ECG-gated image reconstruction but can be used in patients with an incomplete or corrupt ECG-signal.
Effects of spiroglumide, a gastrin receptor antagonist, on acid secretion in humans (1999)

Gastrin receptor blockade with CR2194 alters gastric acid secretion in response to food ingestion or to sham feeding. The results support a physiological role for gastrin in regulating acid secretion in humans.
Twists and turns of determining amyloid type and amyloid-related organ damage: discordance and clinical skepticism in the era of proteomic typing (2013)

Systemic immunoglobulin light-chain primary amyloidosis (AL) is the most common type of systemic amyloidosis. Recent advances in AL amyloidosis include the use of definitive proteomic typing, confirming the type of amyloid in patients with two possible amyloid-forming proteins. Laser microdissection followed by mass spectrometry (LMD/MS) can correctly identify the amyloid type with over 95% sensitivity and specificity. We report the case of a 68-year-old man with a history of IgA lambda monoclonal gammopathy and peripheral neuropathy who was diagnosed with pelvic nodal and psoas amyloidosis. The amyloid was found to be AL kappa type by LMD/MS. While LMD/MS has been effective in distinguishing among AL, secondary amyloidosis and hereditary forms of amyloidosis, our case demonstrates that typing can also identify unusual instances of discordance between light chain isotypes associated with clonal processes.
WT1 modulates apoptosis by transcriptionally upregulating the bcl-2 proto-oncogene (2020)

The Wilms' tumor suppressor gene, WT1, encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that has been demonstrated to negatively regulate several growth factor and cognate receptor genes. However, inconsistent with its tumor suppressor function, WT1 has also been demonstrated to be required to inhibit programmed cell death in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, anaplastic Wilms' tumors, which typically express wild-type WT1, display extreme resistance to chemotherapeutic agents that kill tumor cells through the induction of apoptosis. Although p53 mutations in anaplastic Wilms' tumors have been associated with chemoresistance, this event is believed to occur late during tumor progression. Therefore, since dysregulated WT1 expression occurs relatively early in Wilms' tumors, we hypothesized that WT1 was required to transcriptionally upregulate genes that provide a cell survival advantage to tumor cells. Here we demonstrate that sporadic Wilms' tumors coexpress WT1 and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein. Using rhabdoid cell lines overexpressing WT1, we show that WT1 activates the endogenous bcl-2 gene through a transcriptional mechanism. Transient transfections and electromobility shift assays demonstrate that WT1 positively stimulates the bcl-2 promoter through a direct interaction. Moreover, WT1 expressing cells displaying upregulated Bcl-2 were found to be resistant to apoptosis induced by staurosporine, vincristine and doxorubicine. These data suggest that in certain cellular contexts, WT1 exhibits oncogenic potential through the transcriptional upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes such as bcl-2.
Multiphysics simulation of super-resolution BD ROM optical disk readout (2006)

In this paper we propose a multiphysics simulation of Super-Resolution BD ROM disk readout. Local metallization of the thin semiconductive layer deposited on a ROM substrate comprising a monotone sequence of 100 <i>nm</i> pits has been modelized by applying a Drude nonlinearity to the optical properties of the material. The photo-induced creation of free carriers lifted to the conduction band is assumed to be responsible for a local change in the optical properties of the active layer, making possible the detection of a far-field signal corresponding to pits smaller than the diffraction limit at a high readout power.
Morphology and micromechanical deformation behavior of styrene–butadiene block copolymers. IV. Structure–property correlation in binary block copolymer blends (2004)

Abstract The structure–property correlation in blends consisting of styrene/butadiene block copolymers forming alternating polystyrene (PS) and polybutadiene (PB) lamellae, and PS domains in rubbery matrix was investigated by different microscopic techniques (transmission electron microscopy, scanning force microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy), uniaxial tensile testing, and dynamic mechanical analysis. Unlike the pure lamellar block copolymer, the blends showed predominantly disordered wormlike morphology formed by the intermolecular mixing. These structures allowed a precise control of stiffness/toughness ratio of the blends over a wide range. The blends showed a gradual transition from predominantly viscoplastic to elastomeric behavior with increasing triblock copolymer content. The results demonstrated that the binary block copolymer blends provide the unique possibility of tailoring mechanical properties on the basis of nanostructured polymeric materials. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 92: 1219–1230, 2004
Novel hafnium oxide memristor device: Switching behaviour and size effect (2017)

Unipolar RRAM devices are of high interest due to their high resistance ratio and simple selector circuit. In this paper, we report on a measurements from nano-thick memristor featuring a novel Pd/Hf/HfO2/Pd stack. The fabricated device exhibits a unipolar switching behavior, due to the asymmetric device structure and the existence of the Pd metal as a bottom electrode. The forming voltage of the proposed memristive stack (Hf-10nm/HfO2-10nm) is found to be size dependent at the microscale and its average forming voltage decreases by 20% when the active area increases from 30×30 to 1000×1000 μm2. The findings presented in this work highlight the impact of device geometry on its electrical performance and power, which provide guidance to the design tradeoffs (size, power, resistance ratio) and fabrication process of memristor devices.
Growth dynamics of single-wall carbon nanotubes synthesized by laser ablation (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. To study the Nd:YAG laser ablation of graphite-Co/Ni and the growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in an Ar atmosphere at 1200°C, we applied in situ time-resolved imaging and spectroscopic techniques. We discuss the growth dynamics of the particles and SWNTs through the interaction of the ambient Ar with the carbon and metal species released from the target by the laser pulse.
How fluorine minimizes density fluctuations of silica glass: Molecular dynamics study with machine-learning assisted force-matching potential (2020)

Transparent silica glass is an indispensable material for today's information technology society as an ultra-low loss optical fiber. Recently, further low-loss optical fibers are demanded due to rapidly expanding information. A small amount of fluorine doping is known to reduce the Rayleigh scattering further by reducing the density fluctuations of silica glass, even though the fluorine is an impurity for the pristine silica glass. This study devoted to answer the riddle of F-doping and an accurate force-matching potential optimized by machine-learning enables us to understand how fluorine remedies the disorders in silica glass. It was found that fluorine mainly replaces an oxygen in tetrahedral SiO4 unit, but also forms five-fold Si, such as SiO4F and SiO3F2 units. The former disrupts silica network, while the latter attenuates the network rigidity by loosening the five Si-O(F) bonds. Since the two local effects of fluorine spreads through the glass network, F-doping prompts silica glass to relax further even at temperature lower than the glass transition (fictive) temperature. Consequently, fluorine minimizes the density fluctuation (thus, Rayleigh scattering) of silica glass at around 1 wt%, although fluorine itself is an impurity for silica glass.
Synthesis, structures, photophysical properties, and catalytic characteristics of 2,9‐dimesityl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (dmesp) transition metal complexes (2020)

Abstract The syntheses of the 2,9‐dimesityl‐1,10‐phenanthroline ( dmesp ) metal complexes, [Cu(dmesp)(MeCN)]PF 6 ( 1 ), [Cu(dmesp) 2 ]PF 6 ( 2 ), Fe(dmesp)Cl 2 ( 3 ), Co(dmesp)Cl 2 ( 4 ), Ni(dmesp)Cl 2 ( 5 ), Zn(dmesp)Cl 2 ( 6 ), Pd(dmesp)MeCl ( 7 ), Cu(dmesp)Cl ( 8 ), and Pd(dmesp) 2 Cl 2 ( 9 ), in good to high yields are described. These complexes were characterized by 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy, HR–MS (ESI and/or APPI), and elemental analysis (CHN). The solid‐state structures of complexes 1 – 8 were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray analysis and their photophysical properties were also characterized. To demonstrate the versatility of this new platform, complexes 3 – 5 , 8 , and 9 were employed in the catalytic oligomerization of ethylene using modified methyl aluminoxane (MMAO) as the cocatalyst, where Co(II) and Ni(II) complexes ( 4 and 5 , respectively) were found to exhibit moderate selectivity for catalytic dimerization of ethylene to butenes over tri‐ or tetramerization. Complex 8 is an effective catalyst of both the commonly encountered “click” reaction and amine arylation chemistries. Complexes 6 and 9 were found to be excellent catalysts for Friedel‐Crafts alkylation and Suzuki‐Miyaura coupling, respectively.
Dual-Mode Reltron (2012)

We propose exciting two modes concurrently inside a reltron's modulating cavity to increase the microwave power generated. From the harmonic components of the beam, we demonstrate that a multiharmonic beam has a higher peak and steeper gradient compared to a single-harmonic beam. We design a modulating cavity and an extraction cavity that are able to excite the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> mode (2.395 GHz) and TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">110</sub> (3.579 GHz) modes separately or concurrently. Particle-in-cell simulations show that the total microwave generated for the single TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">010</sub> mode is 81 MW (efficiency of 23%) and the single TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">110</sub> mode is 40.5 MW (efficiency of 17%). The total microwave power generated by exciting both modes is 128 MW (efficiency of 35%) and is higher than the power generated by individual modes.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5-positive Allosteric Modulators for the Treatment of Schizophrenia (2004–2012) (2012)

The mGlu5, a class C G-protein-coupled receptor and member of the group I mGlu receptor family, has been demonstrated to play a role in a number of therapeutic areas within the CNS, including schizophrenia, dementia, epilepsy, cognition, drug abuse, and fragile X syndrome. Small-molecule modulation of mGlu5 via positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) is being pursued as a promising approach for the treatment of schizophrenia and has been validated preclinically in a number of animal models. This article provides a brief historical overview of mGlu5 PAMs in the primary literature followed by a comprehensive overview of the patent literature since 2004. Schizophrenia is a complex disorder and although no mGlu5 PAMs have progressed into clinical trials in patients, the target continues to show promise as an attractive non-dopaminergic therapy. The successful development of mGlu5 PAMs for clinical testing must address several issues, including challenges associated with 'molecular switches', allosteric-agonist activity and stimulus bias.
AN EFFICIENT OXYGEN INDEPENDENT TWO‐PHOTON PHOTOSENSITIZATION MECHANISM (1994)

A novel oxygen-independent photosensitization mechanism from the upper triplet state (Tn) of rose bengal has been demonstrated by selectively populating Tn by sequential two-color laser excitation. Products formed from Tn inhibit red blood cell acetylcholinesterase and decrease viability of P388D1 mouse macrophage monocyte cells as measured by trypan blue exclusion assay. Laser flash photolysis studies indicate that Tn reacts efficiently, as evidenced by permanent photobleaching of T1 absorption, with chemical yields approaching unit efficiency. This mechanism may have application for oxygen deficient photosensitization under high intensity, pulsed laser irradiation.
Cover Picture (2001)

The cover picture shows a 22-nucleotide hairpin RNA, the structure of which has been recently been determined by NMR by Rüdisser and Tinoco (J. Mol. Biol. 2000, 295, 1211–1223). The dynamics of the hydrogen bonds (N−H⋅⋅⋅N) that hold the Watson–Crick base pairs together have been investigated by Chiarparin et al. using multiple-quantum NMR spectroscopy. The existence of scalar couplings across the hydrogen bond between the donor and acceptor nitrogen atoms, discovered by Dingley and Grzesiek (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 8293–8297), makes it possible to excite zero-, double- and triple-quantum coherences involving the two nitrogen-15 nuclei and the proton that is responsible for the hydrogen bond. These coherences can be represented by suitable density operator terms such as 4NHN that can be converted into characteristic signatures in NMR spectra. Multiple-quantum coherences are exquisitely sensitive to correlated fluctuations of the N−H and H⋅⋅⋅N dipole–dipole interactions (yellow ellipsoids) and to modulations of the chemical shifts (purple ellipsoids), all of which reflect subtle dynamic effects. Further details are given in the communication by Bodenhausen et al. on pages 41–45.
Leveraging reliable bits: ECC design considerations for practical secure biometric systems (2009)

It is well-known that a biometric fuzzy vault can be constructed by applying an error correcting code (ECC) to a biometric signal. This is attractive because authentication only requires the check bits of the ECC to be stored on the access control device, whereas the personal biometric traits need not be stored. For a given coding rate, the ECC attempts to correct the errors between an enrollment biometric and the provided probe, and authenticates if it is successful in doing so. Unfortunately, most implementations of biometric fuzzy vaults have very poor robustness to the inherent noisiness of biometric measurements. In this paper, we provide ECC design considerations for secure biometric systems, which provide both better robustness and greater security. In particular, for any feature extraction algorithm, we propose to reorder the feature bits according to their reliability, and associate the reliable bits with high-degree variable nodes in the graph of the ECC. Further, the reliability of a bit is measured at enrollment and used to initialize the ECC decoding. Experiments on an extensive database show considerable reduction in the false reject rate, while restricting the successful attack rate to a very low value.
Valence and conduction band alignment at ScN interfaces with 3C-SiC (111) and 2H-GaN (0001) (2014)

In order to understand and predict the behavior of future scandium nitride (ScN) semiconductor heterostructure devices, we have utilized in situ x-ray and ultra-violet photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the valence band offset (VBO) present at ScN/3C-SiC (111) and 2H-GaN (0001)/ScN (111) interfaces formed by ammonia gas source molecular beam epitaxy. The ScN/3C-SiC (111) VBO was dependent on the ScN growth temperature and resistivity. VBOs of 0.4 ± 0.1 and 0.1 ± 0.1 eV were, respectively, determined for ScN grown at 925 °C (low resistivity) and 800 °C (high resistivity). Using the band-gaps of 1.6 ± 0.2 and 1.4 ± 0.2 eV previously determined by reflection electron energy loss spectroscopy for the 925 and 800 °C ScN films, the respective conduction band offsets (CBO) for these interfaces were 0.4 ± 0.2 and 0.9 ± 0.2 eV. For a GaN (0001) interface with 925 °C ScN (111), the VBO and CBO were similarly determined to be 0.9 ± 0.1 and 0.9 ± 0.2 eV, respectively.
Identification of somatostatin receptors in human small cell lung carcinoma (1990)

Biopsy specimens obtained from eight patients with lung cancer were tested for content of somatostatin receptors by autoradiography. Somatostatin receptors were detected in two of three patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC) but in none of five patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) including adenocarcinoma (two), squamous cell carcinoma (two), and bronchoalveolar carcinoma (one). In those with SCLC, specific somatostatin receptor binding was evidenced only in tumor foci and not in surrounding stroma or normal lung parenchyma. Further tissue characterization by immunoperoxidase staining with the pancytokeratin monoclonal antibody, mAB-lu-5, revealed labeling to all of the NSCLC but to none of the SCLC specimen. Selective immunoreactivity was detected in both the SCLC and the NSCLC specimen to chromogranin and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) whereas none of the specimen had detectable immunostaining to somatostatin, bombesin, serotonin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, neurofilament, calcitonin, and synaptophysin. The identification of somatostatin receptors in primary human lung cancer may have a bearing on the biology of this disease and perhaps on the clinical application of somatostatin analogues in patients with SCLC.
Croyances et pratiques en évaluation des apprentissages : étude des croyances et des pratiques des enseignants des cégeps à l'égard de l'évaluation des apprentissages / (1993)

Comprend des références bibliographiques