gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Consensus Statement Regarding the Application of Biogen to Health Canada for Approval of Aducanumab (2021)

Alzheimer’s disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Currently, there are no disease-modifying pharmacotherapies for this condition. Aducanumab, an amyloid beta-directed monoclonal antibody that targets aggregated forms of amyloid-beta in the brains of people with Alzheimer’s disease, has raised hopes that such a therapy has been discovered, but its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration has engendered a good deal of controversy. A similar application for approval has been submitted to Health Canada. In response to this, a group of Canadian clinical dementia experts representing a number of organizations, including the Canadian Geriatrics Society, was convened by the Canadian Consortium on Neurodegeneration in Aging (CCNA) to discuss the evidence currently available on this agent and seek consensus on what advice they would offer Health Canada on the application. There was wide-spread agreement that it would be premature for aducanumab to receive approval for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. It was also noted that the Canadian health-care system is poorly prepared at this time to deal with a disease-modifying therapeutic with targeting, administration, and monitoring characteristics like aducanumab. In this paper, the consensus reached is presented along with its underlying rationale.
Automated real-time instrument tracking for microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT imaging of ophthalmic surgical maneuvers (2015)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) allows high-resolution imaging of tissue microstructure and is the goldstandard for clinical ophthalmic diagnostics. Recent development of microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT (iOCT) systems has allowed cross-sectional imaging of surgical dynamics, but limitations in real-time visualization of instrument-tissue interactions remain the critical barrier for iOCT-guided ophthalmic surgery. Spatial compounding has been previously presented as a method for acquiring, processing, and visualizing cross-sectional iOCT images of surgical maneuvers. However, spatial compounding trades-off temporal resolution and FOV, which generally limits video-rate visualization to small regions at the tip of surgical instruments. To overcome these limitations, we present methods for automated dynamic surgical instrument tracking iOCT. B-scans are obtained along and orthogonal to the instrument axis and centered at the instrument tip at all times to allow cross-sectional visualization of ophthalmic surgical maneuvers for intraoperative guidance. Surgical instrument tracking has been previously demonstrated using different imaging modalities, including an OCT-integrated scanning probe. However, the latter uses large feature points, which are impractical in a surgical setting. Here, we describe automated stereo-vision instrument tracking, which achieves &lt;250 μm accuracy, using tracking feature points that are easily integrated with ophthalmic surgical instruments. The instrument tracking system was integrated with an iOCT system to provide video-rate instrument tip tracked crosssectional B-scan imaging during ophthalmic surgical maneuvers, allowing visualization of tissue-instrument interactions and providing feedback on positioning, depth of penetration, and tissue compression in cadaveric porcine eyes. Real-time instrument tracked cross-sectional imaging can potentially help guide clinical decision-making during ophthalmic surgery.
Silica nano-ablation using laser plasma soft x-rays (2009)

We have investigated nano-ablation of silica glass and ablation process using focused laser plasma soft Xrays. Laser plasma soft X-rays were generated by irradiation of a Ta target with Nd:YAG laser light. The soft X-rays were focused on silica glass plates using an ellipsoidal mirror at fluences up to 1 J/cm<sup>2</sup>. In order to fabricate nano-trenches, a silica glass plate was irradiated with laser plasma soft X-rays through the windows of a line and space mask. We demonstrated fabrication of nano-trenches with a width of 50 nm. It should be noted that the feature size is more precise than that estimated from the thermal diffusion length for the 10-ns X-rays (i.e. 80 nm). Furthermore, the ablated area has a depth of 470 nm and a roughness of 1 nm after ten shots of irradiation. Thus, the X-ray irradiation technique have a significant feature of direct nanomachining. The ablation occurs at fluences F beyond a ablation threshould F<sub>th</sub> and ablation depth per pulse D obeys the law D = 1/&alpha; ln(F/F<sub>th</sub>), where &alpha; is an effective absorption coefficient. These results suggest that absorbed energy is accumulated in the absorbed region without energy diffusion until ablation occurs. In addition, time-resolved mass spectroscopy revealed that silica glass is broken into atomic ions and atomic neutrals during ablation. Because Si+ and O+ ions have kinetic energies of 10-30 eV, non-thermal process such as Coulomb explosion may be driving force behind the ablation. Such non-thermal process enables us to fabricate nano-structures on silica glass.
Compact lidar for continuous monitoring of atmospheric extinction (2018)

Physical Sciences Inc. is developing an advanced, compact LIDAR capable of continuous mapping of atmospheric extinction to provide environmental situational awareness for high energy laser weapon operations by the Navy. The LIDAR uses a MicroPulse LIDAR architecture and combines a solid state Nd:YLF laser operating at 1 micron with photon counting detectors and advanced aerosol retrieval algorithms. We report on the design of the engineering prototype and provide a summary of the system performance demonstrated during the Comprehensive Atmospheric Boundary Layer Extinction / Turbulence Refinement eXperiment conducted at the Shuttle Landing Facility at Kennedy Space Center in June, 2017.
On Accommodating Inter Service Dependencies in Web Process Flow Composition (2004)

Current business process flow representation languages such as BPEL4WS are prescriptive and operate at the execution level. They do not accommodate abstract specifications of business activities and dynamic binding of Web Services at run time. Moreover, dynamic selection of Web services for a process is, often, not a stand-alone operation. There may be many inter-service dependencies and domain constraints that need consideration in selecting legal and meaningful services for realizing an abstract flow. In this paper, we present a prototype for dynamic binding of Web Services for abstract specifications of business integration flows using a constraint-based semantic-discovery mechanism. Building on prior work in this area (Mandel and McIlraith 2002), we provide a way of modeling and accommodating scoped constraints and inter-service dependencies within a process flow while dynamically binding services. The result is a system that allows people to focus on creating appropriate high-level flows, while providing a robust and adaptable runtime.
Protection and Delivery of Anthelmintic Protein Cry5B to Nematodes Using Mesoporous Silicon Particles (2015)

The ability of nano- and microparticles of partially oxidized mesoporous silicon (pSi) to sequester, protect, and deliver the anthelmintic pore-forming protein Cry5B to nematodes is assessed in vitro and in vivo. Thermally oxidized pSi particles are stable under gastric conditions and show relatively low toxicity to nematodes. Fluorescence images of rhodamine-labeled pSi particles within the nematodes Caenorhabditis elegans and Ancylostoma ceylanicum show that ingestion is dependent on particle size: particles of a 0.4 ± 0.2 μm size are noticeably ingested by both species within 2 h of introduction in vitro, whereas 5 ± 2 μm particles are excluded from C. elegans but enter the pharynx region of A. ceylanicum after 24 h. The anthelmintic protein Cry5B, a pore-forming crystal (Cry) protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis, is incorporated into the pSi particles by aqueous infiltration. Feeding of Cry5B-loaded pSi particles to C. elegans leads to significant intoxication of the nematode. Protein-loaded particles of size 0.4 μm display the highest level of in vitro toxicity toward C. elegans on a drug-mass basis. The porous nanostructure protects Cry5B from hydrolytic and enzymatic (pepsin) degradation in simulated gastric fluid (pH 1.2) for time periods up to 2 h. In vivo experiments with hookworm-infected hamsters show no significant reduction in worm burden with the Cry5B-loaded particles, which is attributed to slow release of the protein from the particles and/or short residence time of the particles in the duodenum of the animal.
Changes in the morphology of Ehrlich ascites tumour cells caused by hyperosmotic media. (1988)

It was found that Ehrlich ascites tumour cells undergo significant morphology changes in media in which osmolarity is increased by NaCl or Hanks' balanced salt solution. The morphology changes include formation of filopodia- and lamellipodia-like cell surface protrusions. Their formation is enhanced by an addition of cytochalasin B. The data obtained suggest that both changes in plasma membrane properties and changes in activity of contractile apparatus participate in the formation of cell surface protrusions.
LIGNITE FUEL ENHANCEMENT (2004)

This 1st quarterly Technical Progress Report for the Lignite Fuel Enhancement Project explains what has transpired since Great River Energy was selected to negotiate the Cooperative agreement in February of 2003. The report will summarize Pre-award activities and any other activity since signature of the contract on July 9th of this year. It also summarizes the subsequent purchasing activity and final dryer/process design up to September 30th of 2004.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ and gastric cancer (Review) (2009)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily which form heterodimers with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) in nucleus and bind to the PPAR response elements (PPREs) of target genes, leading to a wide spectrum of physiological functions. With an improved understanding of its physiological role, PPARdelta and its agonist have been gaining attention in cancer research in recent years. Despite the paucity of research concerning the direct relationship between PPARdelta and gastric cancer, there is substantial evidence that PPARdelta may play a role in the development of gastric cancer. This review focuses on recent literature describing the role of PPARdelta, especially in its association with nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB), interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and Wnt-beta-catenin/TCF-4 pathways on gastric tumorigenesis and highlights critical discrepancies that need to be resolved for a more comprehensive understanding of how this receptor modulates gastric tumorigenesis. The potential role of PPARdelta as a therapeutic target in the treatment of gastric cancer deserves further research focus.
Using execution trace data to improve distributed systems (2002)

Abstract One of the most challenging problems facing today's software engineer is to understand and modify distributed systems. One reason is that in actual use systems frequently behave differently than the developer intended. In order to cope with this challenge, we have developed a three‐step method to study the run‐time behavior of a distributed system. First, remote procedure calls are traced using CORBA interceptors. Next, the trace data is parsed to construct RPC call‐return sequences, and summary statistics are generated. Finally, a visualization tool is used to study the statistics and look for anomalous behavior. We have been using this method on a large distributed system (more than 500000 lines of code) with data collected during both system testing and operation at a customer's site. Despite the fact that the distributed system had been in operation for over three years, the method has uncovered system configuration and efficiency problems. Using these discoveries, the system support group has been able to improve product performance and their own product maintenance procedures. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Provable Hierarchical Lifelong Learning with a Sketch-based Modular Architecture (2021)

We propose a modular architecture for the lifelong learning of hierarchically structured tasks. Specifically, we prove that our architecture is theoretically able to learn tasks that can be solved by functions that are learnable given access to functions for other, previously learned tasks as subroutines. We empirically show that some tasks that we can learn in this way are not learned by standard training methods in practice; indeed, prior work suggests that some such tasks cannot be learned by any efficient method without the aid of the simpler tasks. We also consider methods for identifying the tasks automatically, without relying on explicitly given indicators.
Emission-photoactivity cross-processing of mesoporous interfacial charge transfer in Eu3+ doped titania (2011)

Periodic mesoporous Eu(3+) doped titania materials were obtained through the EISA (Evaporation Induced Self Assembly) process. Eu(3+) ions, entrapped within the semi-crystalline walls of the highly porous framework, appear to be advantageous during the probing of surface photochemical reactions. Its emission intensity is very sensitive to the presence of physisorbed molecules, in gas or liquid phase, that reside within the pores. In particular, strong fluctuations in intensity of the (5)D(0)→(7)F(2) transition were observed under UV light exposure on the time scale of tens of seconds. The emission modulation dynamics show a strong correlation with the crystallinity of the titania matrix. Correlation of the emission with the photocatalytic activity of the semiconductor for photodegradation of an organic molecule is observed. A model is proposed to describe the involved mechanisms.
Sub-ppm Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Sensor Based on Inkjet Printed CuO on Microhotplate with a Pulsed Temperature Modulation (2018)

International audience
The Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR) (2002)

We describe the Arcminute Cosmology Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR) which is a 16 pixel, 240mK multifrequency bolometer array for measuring primary and secondary anisotropies in the CMB at millimeter wavelengths. ACBAR observes from the 2m Viper telescope at the South Pole and has just concluded its second year of CMB mapping observations. In this talk we will discuss the instrument design and performance as well as preliminary results from a blind survey for massive clusters of galaxies using the SZ effect. ACBAR is funded by the Center for Astrophysical Research in Antarctica (CARA), an NSF Science and Technology Center.
Static, multimodal, multiplex spectrometer design for weak, incoherent sources (2004)

We present a flexible design for a static, multimodal, multiplex spectrometer which is optimized for the weak incoherent sources that are common in biomedical applications. Simultaneous high throughput and resolution are achieved in a single-shot measurement via 2-D aperture encoding. The resulting computational problem is well-conditioned and easily invertible.
Distribution of voriconazole in seven body fluids of adult horses after repeated oral dosing (2009)

The purpose of this study was to assess safety and alterations in body fluid concentrations of voriconazole in normal horses on days 7 and 14 following once daily dose of 4 mg/kg of voriconazole orally for 14 days. Body fluid drug concentrations were determined by the use of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). On day 7, mean voriconazole concentrations of plasma, peritoneal, synovial and cerebrospinal fluids, aqueous humor, epithelial lining fluid (ELF), and urine were 1.47 +/- 0.63, 0.61 +/- 0.22, 0.70 +/- 0.20, 0.62 +/- 0.26, 0.55 +/- 0.32, 79.45 +/- 69.4, and 1.83 +/- 0.44 microg/mL respectively. Mean voriconazole concentrations in the plasma, peritoneal, synovial and cerebrospinal fluids, aqueous humor, ELF and urine on day 14 were 1.60 +/- 0.37, 1.02 +/- 0.27, 0.86 +/- 0.25, 0.64 +/- 0.21, 0.68 +/- 0.13, 47.76 +/- 45.4 and 3.34 +/- 2.17 respectively. Voriconazole concentrations in the bronchoalveolar cell pellet were below the limit of detection. There was no statistically significant difference between voriconazole concentrations of body fluids when comparing days 7 and 14. Results indicated that voriconazole distributes widely into body fluids.
A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF 4-VINYLPHENYLACETIC ACID AND ITS METHYL ESTER (1994)

(1994). A CONVENIENT PREPARATION OF 4-VINYLPHENYLACETIC ACID AND ITS METHYL ESTER. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 26, No. 5, pp. 602-605.
31.4: Properties of Nano‐Phase‐Separated Liquid Crystals (NPS LCs) with Fast Response (2015)

A Nano‐Phase Separated LCs, which is one of polymer/liquid crystal composite, realizes faster response than polymer sustained vertical aligned liquid crystals (PSA). In further improvement, the decay time less than 1 ms is achieved by 22 volts of driving voltage (V90).
Solvatochromic properties of Schiff bases derived from 5-aminobarbituric acid: chromophores with hydrogen bonding patterns as components for coupled structures (2007)

A switchable and chromophoric Schiff base, containing an enolizable barbiturtic acid moiety as a novel UV/vis probe, is presented that can synergistically measure both polarity effects and hydrogen bonding patterns.
Modeling and Analyses of Multi-Session Search Tasks (2011)

The information needs of search engine users vary in complexity, depending on the task they are trying to accomplish. Some simple needs can be satisfied with a single query, whereas others require a series of queries over a longer period of time. While search engines effectively satisfy many simple needs, searchers receive little support when their information needs span sessions. In this work, we propose methods for modeling and analyzing user search behavior that extends over multiple search sessions. We focus on two problems: (i) given a user query, identify all related queries from previous sessions that the user has issued, and (ii) given a multi-query task for a user, predict whether the user will return to this task in the future. We model both problems within a classification framework that uses features of individual queries and long-term user search behavior at different granularity. Experimental evaluation of the proposed models for both tasks indicates that it is possible to effectively model and analyze cross-session search behavior. Our findings have implications for improving search for complex information needs and designing search engine features to support cross-session search tasks.
Particle protection capability of extreme ultraviolet lithography mask carriers based on the gap effect and filter effect (2012)

In extreme ultraviolet lithography, particle-free mask handling is a critical issue because the use of pellicles is impractical. We measured the long-term change in the number of particle adders on a mask blank during transfer processes using a reticle SMIF pod (RSP) and a dual pod, which consists of an outer pod and an inner pod that holds the mask. In the RSP, the number of particle adders during the transfer test of a load port in air to an electrostatic chuck chamber in vacuum decreased from 0.053/cycle to 0.032/cycle because of a clean-up during the pumping down and purging operations. However, the number of particle adders during vacuum transfer did not change with long-term use. Moreover, we found that particles were added by mask blank sliding on a robot hand during vacuum transfer. In contrast, for the dual pod, no accident was observed during the 2000-cycle transfer test, and the number of particle adders was 0.004/cycle. We confirmed that the filter effect and gap effect for protecting the mask from particles were effective. We concluded that the dual pod was a reliable mask carrier for vacuum transfer.
Second-harmonic generation of thermally poled silver doped sodo-borophosphate glasses (2009)

Sodium niobium borophosphate glass, with a composition of 0.58(0.95NaPO3+0.05Na2B4O7)+0.42Nb2O5, has been doped with monovalent silver ions. Second harmonic generation (SHG) has been obtained from the poling treatment of this sample. The second order nonlinearity from the anode side was estimated from an analysis of transmitted polarized Maker-fringe patterns. Thanks to the original Maker fringe simulations, a value of 3 pm/V is obtained with the silver doped glass that unambiguously scales an enhancement of ∼35% with respect to the nondoped glass susceptibility. For both glasses, the nonlinear layer is found to be sodium-depleted up to 4 μm inside the anode, in accordance with quantitative energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy characterizations. This comparative study indicates complex space-charge-migration processes during the poling treatment. The relative enhancement of the SHG signal of the silver doped glass is correlated with the increase in its linear susceptibility.
Review of Advances in Engineering Nanomaterial Adsorbents for Metal Removal and Recovery from Water: Synthesis and Microstructure Impacts (2021)

Adsorption is widely applied in both potable and municipal or industrial wastewater treatments process. Nanomaterial adsorbents (NAs) have emerged as efficient candidates to remove toxic metals from water. However, scalable application of NAs beyond bench-scale material discovery and translation to full scale deployment has been limited but essential to realize the potential NAs offer for environmental remediation. In this critical review, we summarize, discuss, and compare various NA synthesis methods and assess their scalability to supply materials for full-scale applications. Moreover, as the importance of the microstructure of nanomaterial itself has been recognized in recent years, we also scrutinize the effect of NAs structures including crystal facets, phases, and tunability of active sites (e.g., functional groups) on metal adsorption. The review concludes with prioritizing research needs that balance large-scale production costs and feasibility to produce desired properties of NAs at commercial scale quantities. Meanwhile, an NAs evaluation protocol (e.g., life cycle costing (LCC) and life cycle assessment (LCA)) should be established to test NAs at the material discovery stage that considers both adsorption capacity and mass transfer kinetics and perform long-term testing (e.g., recovery) of NA real applications.
Introducing regulated bias into co‐citation ranking schemes on the Web (2002)

Abstract Link structure analysis is widely recognized as an important tool in WWW information retrieval and is extensively used in the retrieval and ranking algorithms of major WWW search engines. Common extensions of link analyses involve changing the Web subgraphs that are analyzed. In this work, we present two techniques which bias co‐citation based link analyses towards favorable pages and away from undesired pages. Both techniques are integrated seamlessly into existing link‐analyzing algorithms. Our first technique extends the notion of hubs by introducing pseudo hubs , which represent any trait of Web pages that is desirable to users. Pseudo hubs are added as pseudo nodes to the Web‐graph and are linked to those pages which exhibit the desirable traits. The ensuing co‐citation analysis then treats these pseudo nodes as if they were regular pages. This results in the rankings of pages with favorable traits being boosted. The second technique incorporates negative relevance judgments into the analysis, causing the results to shift away from the surroundings of undesired pages.