gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Statistical Analysis of Precipitation Chemistry Measurements over the Eastern United States. Part I: Seasonal and Regional Patterns and Correlations (1988)

This paper describes the behavior of the chemical constituents in precipitation, including their typical concentrations and ranges, regional patterns, and seasonal changes. Daily precipitation measurements for the period 1978 through 1983 over the eastern United States were examined for 34 sites. The sites were operated by the Electric Power Research Institute and Utility Acid Precipitation Study Program (known as EPRI-UAPSP), the Multistate Atmospheric Power Production Pollution Study (MAP3S), and the Wisconsin Acid Deposition Monitoring Program (WADMP). Data from these three networks were combined into a single, uniform archive of daily rainfall records containing precipitation amounts, pH, and constituent concentrations. Various statistical analyses were made to determine the predominant characteristics of the data. In Part I of this series of papers, a seasonal analysis is made of the concentrations of hydrogen ion, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium, and regional differences are described. Also, the statistical relationships of hydrogen ion concentrations to the other principal constituents are discussed. Other aspects of the study are given in Parts II through IV of the series. Part II uses an objective statistical interpolation method (Kriging) to evaluate the spatial patterns of constituents and their trends during the period of record. Part III discusses the ionic balance among the constituents, and Part IV describes the variations in concentrations that are attributable to meteorological factors.
Behavior of Alkaline Lipase on Detergency (1990)

The effects of Aspergillus oryzae lipase on the removal of triolein from fabric were determined from the results of the hydrolysis of triolein.Aspergillus oryzae lipase was stable in alkaline solutions and in anionic surfactant solutions and particularly so in an α-olefinsulfonate (AOS) solution. The removal of triolein from fabric was significantly improved by the addition of Aspergillus oryzae lipase. Aspergillus oryzae lipase hydrolyzed triolein into oleic acid without the accumulation of diolein or monoolein. Results of SEM, EPMA and BSE measurement showed the presence of triolein on the lumen of single cotton fibers. The triolein in these fibers can be removed by Aspergillus oryzae lipase.
Polyisoprene-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymer Phase Diagram near the Order-Disorder Transition (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyisoprene-Polystyrene Diblock Copolymer Phase Diagram near the Order-Disorder TransitionAshish K. Khandpur, Stephan Foerster, Frank S. Bates, Ian W. Hamley, Anthony J. Ryan, Wim Bras, Kristoffer Almdal, and Kell MortensenCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 26, 8796–8806Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00130a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views9315Altmetric-Citations871LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Effect of C-xyloside on morphogenesis of the dermal epidermal junction in aged female skin. An unltrastuctural pilot study (2011)

A placebo-controlled randomized pilot study was performed on five postmenopausal women aged from 60 to 75 years. The women applied 320 mg (2 mg/cm(2)) of either placebo or 10% C-β-D-xylopyranoside-2-hydroxy-propane (C-xyloside) cream to each outer forearm twice daily for 3 months. At the end of the treatment, skin biopsies were collected from application areas on both forearms. Transmission electron microscope examinations revealed skin ultrastructural changes at the dermal epidermal junction (DEJ) after 10% C-xyloside application for 3 months. The morphological appearance of the DEJ showed strong improvements, with more homogeneous and regular lamina densa in the C-xyloside-treated compared to the placebo treated skin areas. The number of zones showing basement membrane re-duplication was indeed strikingly reduced on C-xyloside-treated skin. These ultrastructural results were further confirmed by a statistically significant increase in the expression levels of α6-integrin the and laminin-332, as estimated by immunohistochemistry. Altogether, these data suggest that topical C-xyloside application in vivo may be efficient in inducing a better dermal-epidermal cohesion when such a junction is deficient, as is the case in photo-aged or chronologically aged skin. Moreover, a statistically significant increase in CD44 expression was noted in the epidermis of C-xyloside-treated compared to the placebo treated skin areas.
Towards A Clinical Prostate MR Fingerprinting Protocol (2023)

We present an efficient MR Fingerprinting (MRF) protocol for prostate imaging at 3T. Full prostate coverage is achieved in 04:20 min with no considerable reconstruction latency. Dixon-MRF has been implemented in the scanner software and combined with a B 1 + DREAM scan in a fully-integrated B1-corrected MRF reconstruction. Furthermore, flow compensation is included to suppress artifacts caused by blood flow in large vessels. The proposed prostate MRF protocol has been evaluated in six healthy volunteers.
Gear Hobbing: a Contribution to Analogy Testing and its Wear Mechanisms (2012)

In order to evaluate performance and wear of gear cutters and coatings, various analogy cutting tests are nowadays used. Since these state-of-the-art tests significantly differ in complexity and comparability to real dry hobbing applications, this work presents a critical literature comparison highlighting the different characteristics, and further introduces a new approach to adjust the appearing wear characteristics by a simple analogy testing method. Moreover, substrate softening of PM-HSS during the cutting process has been analyzed and related to the relevance of the thermal barrier effect of coatings. The results are confirmed by calculations of the temperature evolution within the coating-substrate compound at constant contact temperature.
Porcine parvovirus infection in a commercial piggery (1986)

Abstract Extract Madam:– We have recently been involved in a consultative role with a 60-sow commercial piggery. Over the year preceding the incident recorded here, this unit had approximately doubled in size by the purchase of improved large white gilts. An infertility problem involving irregular returns to service and small litter sizes was first noted around Christmas 1984. In early January 1985 all the adult stock were bled and serological tests undertaken. There was no evidence of infection with Aujeszky's disease virus or leptospires, but 42 sows had haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres(Citation2) of >320 against porcine parvovirus (PP), and were considered to have been actively infected. (Citation1) Seventeen other gilts and sows in their second pregnancy had titres ⩽320 and were considered to be still susceptible to infection. These animals were bled again 75 days later and HI tests on the paired sera showed that 15 of the 17 had now scroconverted (minimum titre 1,280). Eleven of these animals were in early to mid-pregnancy during the period of seroconversion. Five of these animals subsequently failed to farrow, and the remaining six produced a mean of only 6.5 (S.D. 2.8) live piglets at birth. In contrast the two animals which did not seroconvert, and four other previously infected gilts with HI titre of >10,240 at the first bleeding, produced a mean of 9.8 (S.D. 1.7) live piglets. This was considered a satisfactory live birth rate for this age group, and was significantly higher (Student's t-test; P<0.05) than for the six sows which seroconverted and produced live pigs.
CRIB (2011)

Conventional high-performance processors utilize register renaming and complex broadcast-based scheduling logic to steer instructions into a small number of heavily-pipelined execution lanes. This requires multiple complex structures and repeated dependency resolution, imposing a significant dynamic power overhead. This paper advocates in-place execution of instructions, a power-saving, pipeline-free approach that consolidates rename, issue, and bypass logic into one structure---the CRIB---while simultaneously eliminating the need for a multiported register file, instead storing architected state in a simple rank of latches. CRIB achieves the high IPC of an out-of-order machine while keeping the execution core clean, simple, and low power. The datapath within a CRIB structure is purely combinational, eliminating most of the clocked elements in the core while keeping a fully synchronous yet high-frequency design. Experimental results match the IPC and cycle time of a baseline out-of-order design while reducing dynamic energy consumption by more than 60% in affected structures.
Simultaneous measurement of 13C‐ and 15N‐isotopic enrichments of threonine by mass spectrometry (2009)

Under conditions of high isotopic dilution, e.g. in a tracer study, the ability to determine accurately and quantitatively small variations in isotopic enrichments of differently labelled chemical compounds (e.g. (13)C and (15)N in threonine) in a single run by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) is desirable but remains a technological challenge. Here, we report a new, rapid and simple GC/MS method for simultaneously measuring the isotopic enrichments of doubly labelled threonine ([U(13)C] and (15)N) with isotopic enrichment lower than 1.5 Molar Percent Excess (MPE). The long-term reproducibility measured was around 0.09 MPE for both tracers (throughout a 6 week period). The intra-day repeatability was lower than 0.05 and 0.06 MPE for [U(13)C]-Thr and (15)N-Thr, respectively. To calculate both isotopic enrichments, two modes of calculations were used: one based on work by Rosenblatt et al. in 1992 and the other one using a matrix approach. Both methods gave similar results (ANOVA, P >0.05) with close precision for each mode of calculation. The GC/MS method was then used to investigate the differential utilization of threonine in different organs according to its route of administration in minipigs after administration of both tracers. In plasma samples, the lowest isotopic enrichment measured between two successive time points was at 0.01 and 0.02 MPE for [U(13)C]-Thr and (15)N-Thr, respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of GC/MS (13)C-isotopic enrichment measured was validated by analyzing the same plasma samples by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC/C/IRMS). Statistical analysis showed that both techniques gave the same results (ANOVA, P >0.05). This new GC/MS method offers the possibility to measure (13)C- and (15)N-isotopic enrichments with higher throughput, and using a lower amount of sample, than using GC/C/IRMS.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocyclic π‐Donors, Macrocycles and Cage Molecules (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
PCS based on DCS1800 (2002)

The third generation systems (e.g. FPLMTS) are aiming at fulfilling high requirements on flexibility, capacity, quality, coverage and cost. Long before the introduction of the third generation systems they will be challenged by an evolution of the existing cellular systems. This paper describes an evolution of the DCS1800 radio network towards a concept built on hierarchical cell structures with high capacity and simple or no frequency planning needed. It is a concept which conforms to the GSM900/DCS1800 recommendation and uses random frequency hopping together with adaptive frequency planning. We present solutions for the DCS1800 radio network including control channels as well as the traffic channels. The concept has been verified by system simulations. Problems related to handover and frequency planning are presented and possible approaches are discussed.
Synthese von 2,2‐(Dimethyl)thiochroman‐4‐onen aus Thiophenolen und 3,3‐Dimethylacrylsäureestern (1977)

Abstract Unter Piperidin‐Katalyse addieren sich die Thiophenole 1a‐d an die Acrylsäureester 2a und b zu den 3‐(Phenylthio)isovaleriansäureestern 3a‐d. Unter hohen Druck (ca. 12000 at) erfolgt diese Addition nahezu quantitativ. Nach Verseifung von 3a‐d zu den 3‐(Phenylthio)‐isovaleriansäuren 4a‐d werden diese mit Polyphosphorsäure zu den isomeren Thiochromanonen 5a‐d und 6a‐c cyclisiert, deren 1 H‐NMR‐Spektren eine eindeutige Zuordnung ermöglichen.
A Combined Routing Method for Wireless Ad Hoc Networks (2007)

Abstract — To make ad hoc wireless networks adaptive to different mobility and traffic patterns, this paper proposes an approach to swap from one protocol to another protocol dynamically, while routing continues. By the insertion of a thin new layer, we were able to make each node in the ad hoc wireless network notify each other about the protocol swap. To ensure that routing works efficiently after the protocol swap, we initialized the destination routing protocol’s data structures and reused the previous routing information to build the new routing table. We also tested our approach under different network topologies and traffic patterns in static networks to learn whether the swap was fast and whether the swap incurred too much overhead. We found that the swap latency was related to the nature of the destination protocol and the topology of the network. We also found that the control packet ratio after swap was close to that of the protocol running without swap, which indicates that our method does not incur too much overhead for the swap. I.
<title>High Speed Motion Neutron Radiography Of Dynamic Events</title> (1983)

This paper describes the development of a technique that enables the neutron radiographic analysis of dynamic processes over a period lasting from one to ten milliseconds. The key to the technique is the use of a neutron pulse that is broad enough to span the duration of the brief event of interest and intense enough to permit recording of the results on a high-speed movie film at frame rates up to 10,000 frames/second. A system has been developed which utilizes the pulsing capability of the OSU TRIGA reactor. The system consists of the Oregon State University TRIGA reactor (pulsing to 3000 MW peak power), a neutron beam collimator, a scintillator neutron conversion screen coupled to an image intensifier, and a 16 mm high speed movie camera. The peak neutron flux incident at the object position is approximately 4 x 1011 n/cm2s with a pulse, full width at half maximum, of 9 ms. The system has been operated in the range of 2000 to 10,000 frames/second and has provided high-speed-motion neutron radiographs for evaluation of the firing cycle of 7.62 mm munition rounds within a steel rifle barrel. The system has also been used to demonstrate the ability to produce neutron radiographic movies of two-phase flow.
U.S. Navy sources and receivers for studying acoustic propagation and climate change in the ocean (L) (2003)

Sounds from a U.S. Navy SSQ-110A source are received at high signal-to-noise ratios at ocean-basin scales at two Sound Surveillance Systems in the Pacific. The sounds have sufficient pulse resolution to study climatic variations of temperature. The acoustic data can be understood using ray and parabolic approximations to the wave equation. Modeled internal waves decrease pulse resolution from 0.01 to 0.1 s, consistent with observations.
Monoisotopic Mass Spectrum (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
From amino acids polymers, antimicrobial peptides, and histones, to their possible role in the pathogenesis of septic shock: a historical perspective (2017)

This paper describes the evolution of our understanding of the biological role played by synthetic and natural antimicrobial cationic peptides and by the highly basic nuclear histones as modulators of infection, postinfectious sequelae, trauma, and coagulation phenomena. The authors discuss the effects of the synthetic polymers of basic poly α amino acids, poly l-lysine, and poly l-arginine on blood coagulation, fibrinolysis, bacterial killing, and blood vessels; the properties of natural and synthetic antimicrobial cationic peptides as potential replacements or adjuncts to antibiotics; polycations as opsonizing agents promoting endocytosis/phagocytosis; polycations and muramidases as activators of autolytic wall enzymes in bacteria, causing bacteriolysis and tissue damage; and polycations and nuclear histones as potential virulence factors and as markers of sepsis, septic shock, disseminated intravasclar coagulopathy, acute lung injury, pancreatitis, trauma, and other additional clinical disorders.
15 minutes of chaos (1995)

Apparatus (both mechanical and electrical) will be presented to illustrate the complexities of a certain nonlinear behavior termed as chaos. In this demonstration, you will see a ‘‘chaos man’’ (a store bought sticklike compound pendulum) oscillate with a very complex motion. A simple pendulum will be made to oscillate (inverted) with the pivot at the bottom and the mass at the top. An electric circuit (modeling a nonlinear mechanical system) will be used to demonstrate chaotic behavior—which occurs when the system is driven with sufficient amplitude at certain frequencies.
A Proposed Extendable Classification Scheme for Compliant Mechanisms (2009)

Limited resources are currently available to assist engineers in implementing compliant members into mechanical designs. As a result, engineers often have little to no direction incorporating compliance, though compliant mechanisms have characteristics that prove to be more advantageous in some circumstances. This paper proposes a classification scheme for compliant elements and mechanisms that can be used to compose a reference source intended to help engineers find existing compliant designs they can incorporate in their own designs. The classification scheme decomposes compliant mechanisms and elements of compliant mechanisms according to their respective functions.
AIEOP‐BFMConsensus Guidelines 2016 for Flow Cytometric Immunophenotyping of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (2017)

Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry (FCM) is a worldwide mainstay in leukemia diagnostics. For concordant multicentric application, however, a gap exists between available classification systems, technologic standardization, and clinical needs. The AIEOP-BFM consortium induced an extensive standardization and validation effort between its nine national reference laboratories collaborating in immunophenotyping of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We elaborated common guidelines which take advantage of the possibilities of multi-color FCM: marker panel requirements, immunological blast gating, in-sample controls, tri-partite antigen expression rating (negative vs. weak or strong positive) with capturing of blast cell heterogeneities and subclone formation, refined ALL subclassification, and a dominant lineage assignment algorithm able to distinguish "simple" from bilineal/"complex" mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) cases, which is essential for choice of treatment. These guidelines are a first step toward necessary inter-laboratory standardization of pediatric leukemia immunophenotyping for a concordant multicentric application. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Direct fabrication of surface architectures on polymers and copolymers using laser interference patterning (2009)

Surface pattering engineering techniques are essential to fabricate advanced topographies that can be use to modulate cell and tissue response in bio-materials. Particularly, direct laser interference patterning permits fabrication of repetitive arrays and microstructures by irradiation of the sample surface with coherent beams of light. In this study, we explore the possibilities of this technique to produce advanced architectures on several polymeric substrates. The previously calculated interference patterns using the well known interference theory could be directly reproduced on the polymeric surfaces. Moreover, the cross-section of the structured polymers changes depending on the intensity of the laser beams and number of laser pulses, and photomachinability of polymers is highly influenced by laser wavelength. High absorbance of the polymeric materials at specific wavelengths allows the reduction of the laser intensity required to achieve a determined structure depth. In addition, copolymers of methylmetacrylate-styrene were also studied showing that different types of periodic structures could be obtained depending on laser intensity. The obtained results were compared with thermal simulations by finite element methods as well as classical models.
Exploring the limitations of x-ray reflectivity as a critical dimension pattern shape metrology (2008)

Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) can be used, in the limit of the effective medium approximation (EMA), as a highresolution shape metrology for periodic and irregular patterns on a smooth substrate. The EMA defines as that the density of the solid pattern and the space separating the patterns are averaged together. In this limit the density profile as a function of pattern height obtained by SXR can be used to extract quantitative information on the cross-sectional pattern profile. Here we explore the limitations of SXR as a pattern shape metrology by studying diblock copolymer films with irregularly shaped bicontinuous terraces on quantized flat layers alternating with two polymer blocks. We conclude that SXR can be extended to irregular shaped patterns encountered in current electronic devices as long as average lateral length scale is smaller than coherence length of X-ray source. The detailed cross-sectional profiles of irregular patterns are discussed along with atomic force microscope results.