gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic properties of radiative recombination inp-typeδ-doped layers in GaAs (2001)

We present an optical study of thin Zn-doped GaAs layers embedded in bulk GaAs, grown by metal-organic vapor-phase-epitaxy by means of stationary and time-resolved optical spectroscopy. The concentration of the Zn acceptors was aimed at $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{3}$ in 4-nm-wide doping regions. The intensity of the optical radiative transition (so called the F emission) appearing in photoluminescence spectra was found to be related to holes confined at doping regions. The F emission shows a strong dependence on excitation intensity and temperature. The energy position varies from 1.46 to 1.49 eV as the excitation density changes from about 40 $\mathrm{mW}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ to 23 $\mathrm{W}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2}.$ The dynamic properties of the F-emission band have been studied by time-resolved spectroscopy. The F emission shows a nonexponential decay character. The decay time of the F emission exhibits a strong dependence on the detection energy within the F-emission band. The decay time becomes longer as the detection energy is redshifted.
Extending the operation frequencies of standard coaxial‐to‐microstrip connectors (2012)

Abstract A new connector for coaxial‐to‐microstrip transitions is proposed. The structure designed for the transformation of the electromagnetic field distributions of a coaxial line and a microstrip line consists of two blocks split from a metallic ring and two parallel arrays of via holes embedded in the substrate of the microstrip line. Insertion loss caused by a field discontinuity at their transition is reduced, particularly at higher frequencies. Thus, the transmission passband of the transition is extended. A prototype of the new connector is prepared and its transition to a microstrip line with two embedded via arrays is simulated and measured for a design example. The results indicate that the proposed design can improve the 1‐dB passband of the transition by more than 60% compared to the conventional design. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:2716–2719, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.27165
Hybrid non-silica mesoporous thin films (2004)

Large-pore TiO2 and ZrO2 mesoporous films with 2D-Hex or cubic mesostructures were prepared by dip-coating. Organic bifunctional molecules presenting an organic function and a complexing grafting group (phosphate, carboxylate) were explored as surface modifiers. The incorporation of these functions into the mesoporous network was monitored by crossed FT-IR and EDS techniques. Leaching experiments in different conditions were performed to assess the anchoring of the grafted groups. While phosphate or phosphonate groups are strongly grafted, carboxylate functions can be released in a pH-dependent way.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Ketones with Modified Grubbs′ Metathesis Catalysts: On the Way to a Tandem Process. (2016)

Abstract Upon addition of a chiral amine ligand, an alcohol and a base, the 1st generation Hoveyda—Grubbs catalyst is in situ transformed into an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation catalyst, promoting the enantioselective reduction of acetophenone to 1‐phenylethanol.
Draft whole‐genome sequence of the antibiotic‐producing soil isolate P seudomonas sp. strain 250 J (2014)

Bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas are becoming increasing well known for their ability to produce a wide range of antimicrobial compounds. In a large-scale screening for antibiotic producers, we identified a soil isolate that uses 4-hydroxyphenylacetate as the sole carbon source, Pseudomonas sp. strain 250J, which produces cyclic lipodepsipeptides of the xantholysin family during the stationary phase of growth. The closest relatives of this strain are Pseudomonas mosselii, Pseudomonas soli and Pseudomonas entomophila. Sequencing of the 250J genome allowed us to find the genes relevant to antibiotic production, those which allow utilization of 4-hydroxyphenylacetate as a sole carbon source and a set of genes potentially involved in biocontrol.
Energy Storage and Distributed Energy Generation Project, Final Project Report (2008)

This report serves as a Final Report under the “Energy Storage and Distribution Energy Generation Project” carried out by the Transportation Energy Center (TEC) at the University of Michigan (UM). An interdisciplinary research team has been working on fundamental and applied research on: -distributed power generation and microgrids, -power electronics, and -advanced energy storage. The long-term objective of the project was to provide a framework for identifying fundamental research solutions to technology challenges of transmission and distribution, with special emphasis on distributed power generation, energy storage, control methodologies, and power electronics for microgrids, and to develop enabling technologies for novel energy storage and harvesting concepts that can be simulated, tested, and scaled up to provide relief for both underserved and overstressed portions of the Nation’s grid. TEC’s research is closely associated with Sections 5.0 and 6.0 of the DOE "Five-year Program Plan for FY2008 to FY2012 for Electric Transmission and Distribution Programs, August 2006.”
Base composition of intact nucleic acid oligomers (1966)

Abstract The base composition of intact, purified, oligonucleotides has been determined by comparing the absorption spectrum of each oligomer with calculated curves. The spectral curve of each oligomer was measured in 7 M urea at three pH values and digitized at 1‐mμ intervals. The calculated curves consisted of the sums of the absorption spectra of mononucleotides in 7 M urea at the same pH's. A computer was used to make the comparisons and establish the best fit. Results are presented for nine of the ten possible dimer composition isomers; trimers from pancreatic and T 1 ribonuclease hydrolyzates of TMV‐RNA; poly‐A, poly‐C, and poly‐U; and intact tobacco mosaic virus‐RNA.
Hepatoprotective effects of dual-coated and uncoated mixture of probiotics in rats (2015)

Probiotics have been used for the treatment of various disorders or as alternative therapies. The stability of dual-coated probiotics is increased in the gastrointestinal environment. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of dual-coated and uncoated probiotic supplements, following liver injury. Albino Wistar rats were orally treated with probiotics daily and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) was administered on the seventh and eighth days to induce acute liver damage. Hepatoprotective effects were determined by assessment of serum glutamic–oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and serum glutamic–pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) activities, as well as by histopathological examination. The CCl4-treated control group showed increased SGOT and SGPT activities as compared with the normal control group. However, treatment with probiotics reduced SGOT and SGPT activities, following CCl4 administration. Animals treated with probiotics showed reduced liver weight than that in the standard CCl4 group which did not receive probiotics. Histopathological analysis showed that administration of probiotics minimized liver damage by reducing the level of morphological changes and necrosis. Therefore, probiotics may be effective hepatoprotective agents and should be considered useful for the treatment and prevention of hepatic disorders.
Case Studies of Parallel Anode CP Systems for Pipelines Using Two-and Three-dimensional B.E.M. Computer Simulations (1995)

Abstract This paper presents the effects of changing physical parameters on the performance of parallel ribbon, sacrificial anode cathodic protection systems for coated pipelines. The mathematical model accounts for the current and potential distributions associated with discrete holidays on coated pipelines that expose bare steel to the environment. Case studies have been selected to show conditions under which a given CP system will and will not protect the pipe. An evaluation of remedial CP system upgrades to enhance the performance of a given system will also be discussed.
Synthesis, homopolymerization, and block copolymerization ofN-ethyl-2-ethynyl-pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate with styrene and butadiene (1998)

A novel acetylenic monomer 2-N-ethyl pyridinium trifluoromethane sulfonate (2EPyEtTf) was synthesized and polymerized. Diblock copolymers of 2EPyEtTf with styrene and with butadiene were prepared. Initiation of the polymerization by living anionic polystyryl−-Li+ and polybutadienyl−-Li+ (Scheme 1) resulted in polystyrene-block-poly(N-ethyl-2-ethynylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate) (PS57PA8), and polybutadiene -block-poly(N-ethyl-2-ethynylpyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate) (PB30PA8). These amphiphilic block molecules contain rigid, conjugated, and strongly hydrophilic polyacetylene chain fragments attached to hydrophobic polystyrene or flexible polybutadiene chain fragments. The structure of these copolymers was studied by FTIR, UV-visible, and NMR spectroscopy. GPC and viscometry were also used to obtain information on the molecular mass and the molecular mass distribution. Thermal behavior was investigated by means of TGA and DSC. Both block copolymers were shown to form stable monolayers at the air–water interface. The positively charged rigid polyacetylene portion of the copolymer is believed to be partially submerged, while the more flexible hydrophobic chains are forced out of the water. Multilayers of PB30PA8 deposited using the Langmuir–Blodgett technique were found to be less uniform than in the case of the previously reported polystyrene-block-poly(2EPyMeTf) (PS12PA4) copolymer (Balogh et al., Macromolecules, 29, 1996). Polycation–polyanion self-assembly deposition was also investigated, using polystyrenesulfonate (PSS) as polyanion. While PS57PA8/PSS layer-by-layer deposition was not uniform, it was found that PB30PA8/PSS gave homogenous and stable films on hydrophilic glass substrates. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 703–712, 1998
Medium density polyethylene composites with functionalized carbon nanotubes (2009)

A strong interface between the single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and polymer matrix is necessary to achieve enhanced mechanical properties of composites. In this work a series of sidewall-functionalized SWNTs have been investigated in order to evaluate the effect of functionalization on SWNT aspect ratio and composite interfacial chemistry and their role on mechanical properties of a medium density polyethylene (MDPE) matrix. Fluorinated nanotubes (F-SWNTs) were used as precursors for subsequent sidewall functionalization with long chain alkyl groups to produce an F-SWNT- C(11)H(23) derivative. The latter was refluorinated to yield a new perfluorinated derivative, F-SWNT- C(11)F(x)H(y). The functionalized SWNTs as well as the pristine SWNTs were integrated into an MDPE matrix at a 1 wt% loading. The nanotubes and composite materials were characterized with FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, NMR, XPS, AFM, SEM, TGA, DSC and tensile tests. When incorporated into polyethylene, the new perfluorinated derivative, F-SWNT- C(11)F(x)H(y), yielded the highest tensile strength value among all nanotube/MDPE composite samples, showing a 52% enhancement in comparison with the neat MDPE. The 1 wt% SWNT/MDPE composite contained nanotubes with a larger aspect ratio but, due to a lack of interfacial chemistry, it resulted in less improvement in mechanical properties compared to the composites made with the fluorinated SWNT derivatives.
Internet Search on TV (2008)

In today's content-rich homes, people use the television as a primary interface to enjoy various kinds of media, partly due to the screen size of today's TVs and partly due to its central placement in many homes. On the other hand, the Internet has become an immense source of information and entertainment content. A traditional TV viewer's experience can be greatly enhanced by enabling seamless search and access for relevant Internet content on the TV. In this demo, we illustrate a novel system and methodology that enables TV users to access relevant Internet content while watching TV.
Calibration of Magnetometers with GNSS Receivers and Magnetometer-Aided GNSS Ambiguity Fixing (2017)

Magnetometers provide compass information, and are widely used for navigation, orientation and alignment of objects. As magnetometers are affected by sensor biases and eventually by systematic distortions of the Earth magnetic field, a calibration is needed. In this paper, a method for calibration of magnetometers with three Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers is presented. We perform a least-squares estimation of the magnetic flux and sensor biases using GNSS-based attitude information. The attitude is obtained from the relative positions between the GNSS receivers in the North-East-Down coordinate frame and prior knowledge of these relative positions in the platform's coordinate frame. The relative positions and integer ambiguities of the periodic carrier phase measurements are determined with an integer least-squares estimation using an integer decorrelation and sequential tree search. Prior knowledge on the relative positions is used to increase the success rate of ambiguity fixing. We have validated the proposed method with low-cost magnetometers and GNSS receivers on a vehicle in a test drive. The calibration enabled a consistent heading determination with an accuracy of five degrees. This precise magnetometer-based attitude information allows an instantaneous GNSS integer ambiguity fixing.
Towards Better Phosphor Design: Effect of SiO2Nanoparticles on Photoluminescence Enhancement of YAG:Ce (2013)

Rare-earth-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:RE) phosphors have good photoluminescence (PL) properties and are widely used in light-emitting diodes. However, the RE elements used in these phosphors are expensive and in short supply. It is therefore important to develop phosphors that contain smaller amounts of RE materials. One strategy is to produce nanocomposite phosphors in which a cheaper and more readily available material is used as a matrix for an RE oxide. In this study, we produced a YAG:Ce/SiO2 nanocomposite using a sol–gel method; poly(ethylene glycol) and urea were added to promote micelle formation and agglomeration, respectively. The nanocomposites were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopies (TEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. We determined the concentration of SiO2 that provided maximum PL enhancement, and used geometrical models as well as the characterization results to propose an explanation for this enhancement. Our results showed that an SiO2 concentration of 10 vol% provided a PL intensity 120% that of pure YAG:Ce. TEM analysis showed that SiO2 nanoparticles covered the voids between the single grain boundaries of the YAG:Ce crystals, thereby inhibiting light scattering, resulting in enhanced PL. This method will be useful for large-scale synthesis of low-RE, high-PL phosphors.
Analysis of edge effects for deformable mirrors (1992)

Edge effects for small deformable mirrors (DMs) with few actuators are analyzed by a matrix perturbation approach. An approximate transfer-function model is developed for spatial-frequency analysis of DMs, which includes edge effects.
Structure-Function Relationships Affecting the Insecticidal and Miticidal Activity of Sugar Esters (2003)

Journal Article Structure-Function Relationships Affecting the Insecticidal and Miticidal Activity of Sugar Esters Get access Gary J. Puterka, Gary J. Puterka 1 USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 1E-mail: gputerka@afrs.ars.usda.gov. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar William Farone, William Farone 2 USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 2Applied Power Concepts, Inc., 411 East Julianna Street, Anaheim, CA 92865. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tracy Palmer, Tracy Palmer 2 USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 2Applied Power Concepts, Inc., 411 East Julianna Street, Anaheim, CA 92865. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Anthony Barrington Anthony Barrington 3 USDA-ARS, Appalachian Fruit Research Station, 45 Wiltshire Road, Kearneysville, WV 25430 3AVA Chemical Ventures, L.L.C., 80 Rochester Ave., Suite 24, Portsmouth, NH 03801. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 96, Issue 3, 1 June 2003, Pages 636–644, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/96.3.636 Published: 01 June 2003
Development of ramp-edge SNS junctions using highly stable normal-metal barrier materials (1999)

By using a cation-modified and corrosion-resistant compound of (Pr/sub y/Gd/sub 0.6-y/)Ca/sub 0.4/Ba/sub 1.6/La/sub 0.4/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (y=0.4, 0.5, and 0.6) as normal-metal barrier materials, high-temperature superconducting Josephson junctions have been fabricated in a ramp-edge superconductor/normal-metal/superconductor (SNS) configuration. We have tuned the Pr substitution level in order to achieve the optimal electrical resistivity of the barrier layer for high-performance SNS junctions. The junctions fabricated with these normal-metal barriers show well-defined RSJ-like current vs voltage characteristics at liquid-nitrogen temperature. The junction performance is mainly controlled by the N-layer instead of the interface. We have also fabricated dc superconducting quantum interference devices based on ramp-edge SNS technology with these normal-metal barriers. The ratio of peak-to-peak voltage modulation of the superconducting quantum interference devices to the I/sub c/R/sub n/ product is more than 30%.
Landmark-based robot self-localization: a case study for the RoboCup goal-keeper (2003)

Robot soccer competitions provide an interesting opportunity for robotics and artificial intelligence research. In particular, robot soccer players must navigate in a dynamic, partially unknown environment, co-operate with team-mates and compete with opponents, track moving objects to protect the goal and to kick the ball in the right direction, while performing real time visual perception tasks. Furthermore, all these capabilities must be integrated into a single and complete autonomous system. The paper describes our experience in building one of the players of ART (Azzurra Robot Team), designed to participate in the RoboCup competition. Such a player, the goal-keeper, is based on a Pioneer 1 robot controlled by means of a binocular vision system able to perform its tasks in real time.
Control of Charge-Carrier Mobility via In-Chain Spacer Length Variation in Sequenced Triarylamine Functionalized Polyolefins (2012)

A set of six perfectly regioregular pendant 2,7-bis(phenyl-<i>m</i>-toluylamino)fluorene (TPF) functionalized polyolefins for use as charge transporting materials in polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs) were prepared and characterized. Synthesis of these materials is straightforward, requiring only three or four steps, depending on the polymer, and final isolated yields over all steps combined were greater than 40% in all but one case. Most notably, these materials exhibit charge-carrier mobilities that can be controlled over 3 orders of magnitude by variation of the number of intermediary carbons (spacer length) between the pendant TPF groups. The range of hole mobilities encompasses the electron mobilities of common electron transport materials/emitters such as Alq<sub>3</sub> and PBD, thus, affording the opportunity to fabricate electroactive polyolefin based PLEDs with well matched charge-carrier mobilities and improved performance. We believe this approach to charge-carrier mobility control in electroactive materials could be easily extended to other aryl systems with different HOMO-LUMO levels for energy level and mobility matching with various emitters.
Purification and properties of a dehyrodicaffeic acid dilactoneforming enzyme from a mushroom, Inonotus sp. K-1410. (1977)

A dehydrodicaffeic acid dilactone-forming enzyme was purified from the mycelia of a mushroom, Inonotus sp. K-1410 by calcium acetate treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and caffeic acid-bound AH-Sepharose 4 B. The enzyme was purified about 1200-fold from a crude extract and shown to be almost completely homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 to be approximately 39, 000. The optimal pH for the enzymic conversion of caffeic acid to deydrodicaffeic acid dilactone is around 6.0. The enzyme is stable up to 60°C and preincubation of the enzyme at 40°C for 10min gives 1.5-fold activation compared with preincubation at 0°C. The optimal temperature for the enzyme reaction is 40°C.
Evidence of hydrolytic route for anaerobic cyanide degradation (1992)

Products observed during anaerobic cyanide transformation are consistent with a hydrolytic pathway (HCN + H2O <--> HCONH2 + H2O <--> HCOOH + NH3). Formate, the most frequently observed product, was generally converted to bicarbonate. Formamide was rapidly hydrolyzed to formate upon exposure to the anaerobic consortium but was not detected as an intermediate of cyanide transformation.
In this issue - Technically (2007)

In the above titled article (ibid., vol. 17, no. 9 pp. 1194-1203, Sep 07), Fig. 6 was printed incorrectly. The correct figure is presented here.