gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N2O Plasma Treatment Suppressed Temperature-Dependent Point Defects Formation with Amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2012)

The abnormal sub-threshold leakage current is observed at high temperature in amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide Thin Film Transistors (a-IGZO TFTs). To confirm this phenomenon dependence of the defects of a-IGZO active layer, the paper proposes the devices with N2O plasma treatment at a-IGZO film. This phenomenon only appears in the as-fabricated device, but not in the device with N2O plasma treatment, which is experimentally verified. N2O plasma treatment at a-IGZO TFTs enhances the thin film bonding strength which could suppress the formation of temperature-dependent point defects. The point defects could be generated from oxygen atoms have left their original sites above 400K. The N2O plasma treatment devices have better stability performance than as-fabricated devices. The results suggested that the density of point states for a-IGZO TFTs with N2O plasma treatment is much lower than that as-fabricated. The N2O plasma repairs the point defect to suppress temperature-dependent sub-threshold leakage current.
Dynamic Study on the Effect of Nitrogen on the Growth of Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesm us quadricauda (2011)

This paper studied the effects of nitrogen on the growth of Selenastrum capricornutum and Scenedesm us quadricauda,which were used in the treatment of aquaculture wastewater,with bulk culture in the condition of constant phosphrus concentration,and calculated the maximum special growth rate(μmax) and semi-saturation constant(Ks) of them to nitrogen using the Monod Equation.The reasults show that the maximum special growth rate and the semi-saturation constant of Selenastrum capricornutum were 0.410 d-1 and 0.297 mg/L respectively;The maximum special growth rate and the semi-saturation constant of Scenedesm us quadricauda were 0.328 d-1 and 0.471 mg/L respectively.According to these dynamics constants,when the concentration of the phosphrus is constant,it can be expected that Selenastrum capricornutum will be dominant whenever introgen is scarce or abundant.
Room impulse response inference from the coherence properties of speech and music signals (2021)

Analysis of the coherence properties of the harmonic partials of speech and music signals recorded in an acoustic space provides information about the impulse response of the space. When an acoustic signal is filtered by a space, the autocorrelation of individual partials and the cross-correlation between pairs of partials provides information about the frequency-dependent reverberation time of the space. The relationship between the coherence time of the original, dry, signal and the reverberation time of the acoustic space determines the information that is retrievable in this “blind” approach. Recovering information about the acoustic space can be done within bounds, given only minimal assumptions or knowledge of the signal. Specifically, the original signal is assumed to contain a set of harmonically related partials, with mutually correlated amplitude and phase modulations and that the coherence time of the signal is known. These modulations are modelled as a narrow band pseudo random process. This is a reasonable assumption based on the physics of sound generation in classes of realistic sources, such as wind musical instruments or the human vocal tract.
Transcription activator-like effectors (2023)

Provided herein are compositions, kits and methods useful in the construction of designer transcription activator-like effector (dTALE) polypeptides.
Rare schizophrenia risk variants are enriched in genes shared with neurodevelopmental disorders (2016)

Abstract By meta-analyzing rare coding variants in whole-exome sequences of 4,264 schizophrenia cases and 9,343 controls, de novo mutations in 1,077 trios, and array-based copy number variant calls from 6,882 cases and 11,255 controls, we show that individuals with schizophrenia carry a significant burden of rare damaging variants in a subset of 3,230 “highly constrained” genes previously identified as having near-complete depletion of protein truncating variants. Furthermore, rare variant enrichment analyses demonstrate that this burden is concentrated in known autism spectrum disorder risk genes, genes diagnostic of severe developmental disorders, and the autism-implicated sets of promoter targets of CHD8 , and mRNA targets of FMRP . We further show that schizophrenia patients with intellectual disability have a greater enrichment of rare damaging variants in highly constrained genes and developmental disorder genes, but that a weaker but significant enrichment exists throughout the larger schizophrenia population. Combined, our results demonstrate that schizophrenia risk loci of large effect across a range of variant types implicate a common set of genes shared with broader neurodevelopmental disorders, suggesting a path forward in identifying additional risk genes in psychiatric disorders and further supporting a neurodevelopmental etiology to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.
Search for biaxiality in a shape-persistent bent-core nematic liquid crystal (2012)

Using a range of optical techniques, we have probed the nature of orientational order in a thermotropic bent-core liquid crystal, which features a shape-persistent molecular architecture designed to promote a biaxial nematic phase. In the upper range of the nematic phase (enantiotropic regime), dynamic light scattering reveals strong fluctuations attributable to the biaxial order parameter, in addition to the usual uniaxial director modes. Assuming a Landau-type expansion of the orientational free energy, we estimate the correlation length associated with these fluctuations to be ∼100 nm. At lower temperatures, and mainly in the monotropic regime of the nematic, we observe by optical conoscopy an apparently biaxial texture, which develops when the sample temperature is changed but then relaxes back to a uniaxial state over time scales much longer than observed in the light scattering measurements. A combination of fluorescence confocal polarizing microscopy and coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering confirms that the conoscopic texture arises from a flow-induced reorientation of the molecules, associated with a large thermal expansion coefficient of the material, rather than from the spontaneous development of a macroscopic secondary optical axis. We discuss a model to account for the observed behavior at both high and low temperatures based on the temperature-dependent formation of nanoscale, biaxially ordered complexes among the bent-core molecules within a macroscopically uniaxial phase.
JNK phosphorylates β‐catenin and regulates adherens junctions (2009)

The c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) is an important player in inflammation, proliferation, and apoptosis. More recently, JNK was found to regulate cell migration by phosphorylating paxillin. Here, we report a novel role of JNK in cell adhesion. Specifically, we provide evidence that JNK binds to E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex and phosphorylates beta-catenin at serine 37 and threonine 41, the sites also phosphorylated by GSK-3beta. Inhibition of JNK kinase activity using dominant-negative constructs reduces phosphorylation of beta-catenin and promotes localization of E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex to cell-cell contact sites. Conversely, activation of JNK induces beta-catenin phosphorylation and disruption of cell contacts, which are prevented by JNK siRNA. We propose that JNK binds to beta-catenin and regulates formation of adherens junctions, ultimately controlling cell-to-cell adhesion.
Guia de manejo clínico em dermatogeriatria para a atenção primária à saúde (2021)

Guia simplificado de manejo clínico das principais alterações dermatológicas geriátricas, voltado para médicos atuantes na atenção primária à saúde, contendo orientações para a condução diagnóstica e a proposta terapêutica de cada dermatose
Hypoexponential Power—Delay Profile and Performance of Multihop OFDM Relay Links (2010)

We study the physical-layer performance of a wideband multihop system in which a chain of amplify-and-forward relays is deployed for routing data from a source to a destination. The novelty of the system model w.r.t. prior work is in assuming frequency-selective multipath channels for all hops. We propose a new approach in which the channels are specified in terms of clustered exponentially decaying power-delay profiles (PDPs). Focusing on relays that apply time-domain signal processing, the distinctive form of the end-to-end source-destination PDP motivates us to introduce a new hypoexponential PDP and study it in detail. Then, we analyze the performance of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission over the multihop relay link. The type of the adopted analysis is suitable mainly for investigating the typical time-domain issues of OFDM transmission such as excessive multipath delay spread, non-ideal time syncronization, and interference due to insufficient cyclic prefix duration. In particular, we derive new closed-form expressions for evaluating the signal-to-interference and noise ratio. Our analysis confirms that multihopping increases considerably the delay spread of the end-to-end PDP and makes the channel more frequency selective. This imposes significant effect on the design of receiver time synchronization and pilot structures, and on the choice of OFDM physical layer parameters.
Ultrathin Silicon-on-Insulator Grating Couplers (2012)

We demonstrate a novel grating coupler fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer operating at 1550 nm, based on an ultrathin 50-nm silicon geometry. The devices are fabricated in a CMOS-compatible process with a single etch step. A low insertion loss of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}{\rm 3.7}~{\rm dB}$</tex></formula> is achieved. We also calculate the backreflection loss to be <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}{\rm 14}~{\rm dB}$</tex></formula> . The devices are likely to be useful in terms of light coupling between optical fibers and ultrathin silicon waveguides.
On-Chip Synchronization of Kerr Frequency Combs (2020)

We demonstrate synchronization of two coupled soliton Kerr frequency combs on a single silicon nitride chip. We observe frequency-locking between the two solitons over a large range of comb spacing mismatches up to 2 MHz.
Enhancement and Analysis of Human Antiaflatoxin B1 (AFB1) scFv Antibody–Ligand Interaction Using Chain Shuffling (2018)

A human antiaflatoxin B1 (AFB1) scFv antibody (yAFB1-c3), selected from a naı̈ve human phage-displayed scFv library, was used as a template for improving and analysis of antibody-ligand interactions using the chain-shuffling technique. The variable-heavy and variable-light (VH/VL)-shuffled library was constructed from the VH of 25 preselected clones recombined with the VL of yAFB1-c3 and vice versa. Affinity selection from these libraries demonstrated that the VH domain played an important role in the binding of scFv to free AFB1. Therefore, in the next step, VH-shuffled scFv library was constructed from variable-heavy (VH) chain repertoires, amplified from the naı̈ve library, recombined with the variable-light (VL) chain of the clone yAFB1-c3. This library was then used to select a specific scFv antibody against soluble AFB1 by a standard biopanning method. Three clones that showed improved binding properties were isolated. Amino acid sequence analysis indicated that the improved clones have amino acid mutations in framework 1 (FR1) and the complementarity determining region (CDR1) of the VH chain. One clone, designated sAFH-3e3, showed 7.5-fold improvement in sensitivity over the original scFv clone and was selected for molecular binding studies with AFB1. Homology modeling and molecular docking were used to compare the binding of this and the original clones. The results confirmed that VH is more important than VL for AFB1 binding.
Mycoplasma Infections of Man (1965)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae. History. In the late 1930's and early 1940's a broad group of nonbacterial pneumonias was first recognized and given the name of primary atypical pneumonia.83 , 84 The name was applied to pneumonia that was unlike the typical lobar disease caused by Diplococcus pneumoniae. A description of primary atypical pneumonia as a clinical syndrome was necessary at the time since the etiologic agents involved were not known. In 1943 it was first noted that in many patients with the atypical pneumonia syndrome cold agglutinins developed during the course of illness.85 Since that time a test for such antibody has been . . .
SP09. Allogeneic Adipose Tissue-derived Matrix Mitigate Radiation-induced Fibrosis (2023)

PURPOSE: Radiation-induced fibrosis (RIF) is a complex tissue response characterized by massive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) and excessive fibroblast proliferation resulting in loss of tissue function and quality of life. This study tested the efficacy of an allograft adipose tissue-derived matrix (AATM) to mitigate RIF. METHODS: We used 40 Gy hind limb irradiated C57BL/6 mice as a skin fibrosis model and injected 200 μl AATM on the 14th post-irradiation day to investigate the inhibition of fibrosis on day 40. PBS and adipose stem cell (ASC) injections were negative and positive controls, respectively. The degree of limb excursion, skin epithelium thickness, and collagen deposition was measured as a marker of fibrosis. Molecular changes in treated and control skin were measured using real-time PCR and Luminex assay. In vitro, trans-well studies were performed to analyze the effect of direct coculture of irradiated cells with AATM on pro-fibrotic gene expressions. RESULTS: AATM treatment was as successful as ASC in diminishing fibrosis; decreased epithelial thickness, collagen deposition, and significantly improved limb excursion achieved compared to the negative control. In AATM-treated mice, real-time PCR analysis revealed the down-regulation of expression of pro-fibrotic genes TGF-β, CTGF, Col1, Col2, and TNF-alpha; similar down-regulation was observed in direct coculture studies in irradiated fibroblasts. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that allogeneic adipose tissue-derived matrix (AATM) can be an effective therapeutic option to mitigate fibrosis. Further studies to optimize the time and dose of the therapy will be a significant step toward clinical adaptation as a RIF treatment.
Inhibition of a NEDD8 Cascade Restores Restriction of HIV by APOBEC3G (2012)

Cellular restriction factors help to defend humans against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV accessory proteins hijack at least three different Cullin-RING ubiquitin ligases, which must be activated by the small ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8, in order to counteract host cellular restriction factors. We found that conjugation of NEDD8 to Cullin-5 by the NEDD8-conjugating enzyme UBE2F is required for HIV Vif-mediated degradation of the host restriction factor APOBEC3G (A3G). Pharmacological inhibition of the NEDD8 E1 by MLN4924 or knockdown of either UBE2F or its RING-protein binding partner RBX2 bypasses the effect of Vif, restoring the restriction of HIV by A3G. NMR mapping and mutational analyses define specificity determinants of the UBE2F NEDD8 cascade. These studies demonstrate that disrupting host NEDD8 cascades presents a novel antiretroviral therapeutic approach enhancing the ability of the immune system to combat HIV.
Controlling Electron and Hole Charge Injection in Ambipolar Organic Field‐Effect Transistors by Self‐Assembled Monolayers (2009)

Abstract Controlling contact resistance in organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs) is one of the major hurdles to achieve transistor scaling and dimensional reduction. In particular in the context of ambipolar and/or light‐emitting OFETs it is a difficult challenge to obtain efficient injection of both electrons and holes from one injecting electrode such as gold since organic semiconductors have intrinsically large band gaps resulting in significant injection barrier heights for at least one type of carrier. Here, systematic control of electron and hole contact resistance in poly(9,9‐di‐ n ‐octylfluorene‐ alt ‐benzothiadiazole) ambipolar OFETs using thiol‐based self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) is demonstrated. In contrast to common believe, it is found that for a certain SAM the injection of both electrons and holes can be improved. This simultaneous enhancement of electron and hole injection cannot be explained by SAM‐induced work‐function modifications because the surface dipole induced by the SAM on the metal surface lowers the injection barrier only for one type of carrier, but increases it for the other. These investigations reveal that other key factors also affect contact resistance, including i) interfacial tunneling through the SAM, ii) SAM‐induced modifications of interface morphology, and iii) the interface electronic structure. Of particular importance for top‐gate OFET geometry is iv) the active polymer layer thickness that dominates the electrode/polymer contact resistance. Therefore, a consistent explanation of how SAM electrode modification is able to improve both electron and hole injection in ambipolar OFETs requires considering all mentioned factors.
Aromatic Polyimides Containing Meta-Biphenoxy Moieties (1994)

Synthesis of two novel monomers and subsequent incorporation into aromatic polyimides yields polyimides containing meta-biphenoxy moieties exhibiting stability at high temperatures and having glass-transition temperatures lower than state-of-the-art polyimides containing para-biphenoxy moieties. Because of outstanding thermal stability, low density, resistance to radiation, electrical-insulating capability, toughness, and flexibility, linear aromatic polyimides used increasingly for applications in aerospace and electronics industries and possibly in others.
Manipulating the Flow over Spherical Protuberance in a Turbulent Boundary Layer (2009)

Means of controlling the flow over a large spherical protuberance were examined. The role of suction around the base of the protuberance in reducing or even eliminating the necklace vortex created by the protuberance was considered. In the absence of suction, this vortex was lifted by the low base pressure existing behind the protuberance into the wake, thus affecting the turbulence level along its path. Large vortex generators placed upstream of the protuberance were able to delay local separation of the flow over the protuberance, thus affecting the symmetry of the wake and the level of turbulence on one side or the other. Observations made using flow visualization were supplemented by hot-wire measurements. The experiments were carried out at low speed at Reynolds numbers that did not exceed 3 x 105.
SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and ACE2 gene variations within diverse ethnic backgrounds (2021)

ABSTRACT Background Host genetics play a major role in COVID-19 susceptibility and severity. Here, we analyse an ethnically diverse cohort of National Health Service (NHS) patients in the United Kingdom (UK) to assess the association between variants in the ACE2 locus and COVID-19 risk. Methods We analysed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data of 6,274 participants who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 from the UK’s 100,000 Genomes Project (100KGP) for the presence of ACE2 coding variants and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTLs). Findings We identified a splice site variant (rs2285666) associated with increased ACE2 expression with an overrepresentation in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients relative to 100KGP controls (p = .015), and in hospitalised European patients relative to outpatients in intra-ethnic comparisons (p = .029). We also compared the prevalence of 288 eQTLs, of which 23 were enriched in SARS-CoV-2 positive patients. The eQTL rs12006793 had the largest effect size (d = 0.91), which decreases ACE2 expression and is more prevalent in controls, thus potentially reducing risk of COVID-19. We identified three novel nonsynonymous variants predicted to alter ACE2 function, and showed that three variants (p.K26R, p.H378R, p.Y515N) alter receptor affinity for the viral Spike (S) protein. Variants p.K26R and p.N720D are more prevalent in the European population (p &lt; .001), but Y497H is less prevalent compared to East Asians (p = .020). Interpretation Our results demonstrate that the spectrum of genetic variants in ACE2 may inform risk stratification of COVID-19 patients and could partially explain the differences in disease susceptibility and severity among different ethnic groups. Funding The 100KGP is funded by the National Institute for Health Research and NHS England. Funding was also obtained from Stanford University, Palo Alto.
Effects of hydraulically disconnecting consumer pumps in an intermittent water supply (2021)

We estimate 250 million people receive water using private pumps connected directly to intermittently pressurized distribution networks. Yet no previous studies have quantified the presumed effects of these pumps. In this paper, we investigate the effects of installing pressure-sustaining valves at consumer connections. These valves mimic pump disconnection by restricting flow. Installing these valves during the dry season at 94% of connections in an affluent neighborhood in Delhi, India, cut the prevalence of samples with turbidity > 4 NTU by two thirds. But considering the poor reputation of pumps, installed valves had surprisingly small average effects on turbidity (-8%; <i>p</i><0.01) and free chlorine (+0.05 mg/L; <i>p</i><0.001; <i>N</i> = 1,031). These effects were much smaller than the high variability in water quality supplied to both control and valve-installed neighborhoods. Site-specific responses to this variability could have confounded our results. At the study site, installed valves increased network pressure during 88% of the typical supply window; valves had a maximum pressure effect of +0.62 m (95% CI [0.54, 0.71]; a 40% increase vs. control). Further research is needed to generalize beyond our study site. Nevertheless, this paper provides unique evidence showing how the deployed valves mitigated pump effects, increased network pressure and improved water safety.