gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IPv6 for Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Cellular Hosts (2013)

As the deployment of third and fourth generation cellular networks progresses, a large number of cellular hosts are being connected to the Internet. Standardization organizations have made the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) mandatory in their specifications. However, the concept of IPv6 covers many aspects and numerous specifications. In addition, the characteristics of cellular links in terms of bandwidth, cost, and delay put special requirements on how IPv6 is used. This document considers IPv6 for cellular hosts that attach to the General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), or Evolved Packet System (EPS) networks (hereafter collectively referred to as Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) networks). This document also lists specific IPv6 functionalities that need to be implemented in addition to what is already prescribed in the IPv6 Node Requirements document (RFC 6434). It also discusses some issues related to the use of these components when operating in these networks.
Long-Range Laser Imaging (1993)

This report summarizes a research program in which we evaluated the use of a Long-Range Laser Imaging (LRLI) system to perform the imaging tasks associated with laser target designation. The motivation for LRLI is to improve crew and aircraft survivability by increasing the standoff range, and reducing the required time interval, for air-based laser target designation. In this program we analyzed the capabilities of LRLI systems. We considered the signal level and its impact on sensor field-of-view. This analysis includes laser selection, atmospheric transmission, target reflectivity and optical system characteristics. It is shown that the laser signal level ultimately limits the number of target pixels. It is also shown that a pulsed system is required for background rejection. The impact of optical turbulence on system performance is also discussed. We evaluated the achievable resolution and considered the use of adaptive optics. It is shown, however, that severe anisoplanatism limits the utility of adaptive optics. We conclude that the most promising sensor design is based on conventional imaging and recommendations for proof-of-concept experiments are given. Active Imaging, Atmosphere, Absorption, Turbulence
Realizing Room‐Temperature Resonant Tunnel Magnetoresistance in Cr/Fe/MgAl2O4 Quasi‐Quantum Well Structures (2019)

In the originally published article, the top layers of the thin films and patterned magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) in Figure The correct Figure The authors apologize for any misunderstanding this may have caused.
3D pose estimation and segmentation using specular cues (2009)

We present a system for fast model-based segmentation and 3D pose estimation of specular objects using appearance based specular features. We use observed (a) specular reflection and (b) specular flow as cues, which are matched against similar cues generated from a CAD model of the object in various poses. We avoid estimating 3D geometry or depths, which is difficult and unreliable for specular scenes. In the first method, the environment map of the scene is utilized to generate a database containing synthesized specular reflections of the object for densely sampled 3D poses. This database is compared with captured images of the scene at run time to locate and estimate the 3D pose of the object. In the second method, specular flows are generated for dense 3D poses as illumination invariant features and are matched to the specular flow of the scene. We incorporate several practical heuristics such as use of saturated/highlight pixels for fast matching and normal selection to minimize the effects of inter-reflections and cluttered backgrounds. Despite its simplicity, our approach is effective in scenes with multiple specular objects, partial occlusions, inter-reflections, cluttered backgrounds and changes in ambient illumination. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method for various synthetic and real objects.
Multipath reflection from surface waves (2008)

A tank experiment was conducted at Scripps Institution of Oceanography to measure reflection of underwater sound from surface waves. Short pulses at a nominal 200 kHz were transmitted beneath surface waves of wavelength 0.7 m to a receiver at 1.2 m range. The surface wave crests act as curved mirrors for underwater sound and lead to focussing and caustics in the surface reflected pulses. The locations of the foci and caustics move steadily as the wave progresses and lead to rapid variation of amplitude, phase and arrival time of the received pulses. Wavefront modeling has been used to calculate theoretical waveforms for the measured surface wave shape. The theory shows there are typically three distinct reflected eigenrays beneath a wave crest and they interfere to give rapid variation of the received signal. The theory gives good agreement with the details of the time dependent interference of the surface reflected pulses. [Work supported by ONR.]
A better insight into the performance of silicon BJTs featuring highly nonuniform collector doping profiles (2000)

This paper investigates the effects of highly nonuniform collector doping profiles on the speed and breakdown performance of silicon bipolar transistors. Monte Carlo and drift diffusion simulation results point out that a thin highly doped layer adjacent to the base collector junction can improve the device cut off frequency without deteriorating significantly the maximum oscillation frequency and the breakdown voltage, provided the voltage drop across this layer is lower than an effective threshold of approximately 1.2 V. Guidelines are given for choosing the doping, position, and thickness of this layer.
High-speed 4×4 SOA switch subsystem for DWDM systems (2011)

We have newly developed a high-speed 4×4 SOA switch subsystem using 4-array monolithically-integrated SOA modules and 100/400-GHz interleavers for DWDM systems. We confirmed high-speed switching performance (&#60; 2.5 ns) with almost no crosstalk for 100 GHz-spaced DWDM signals and an equal optical path latency of less than 1.0 ns deviation.
Figure S3 from Computational Staining of Pathology Images to Study the Tumor Microenvironment in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S3 Confusion matrix between true labels and predicted labels, in 5 major lung adenocarcinoma subtypes respectively.&lt;/p&gt;
Machine learning approaches for large scale classification of produce (2018)

The analysis and identification of different attributes of produce such as taxonomy, vendor, and organic nature is vital to verifying product authenticity in a distribution network. Though a variety of analysis techniques have been studied in the past, we present a novel data-centric approach to classifying produce attributes. We employed visible and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy on over 75,000 samples across several fruit and vegetable varieties. This yielded 0.90-0.98 and 0.98-0.99 classification accuracies for taxonomy and farmer classes, respectively. The most significant factors in the visible spectrum were variations in the produce color due to chlorophyll and anthocyanins. In the infrared spectrum, we observed that the varying water and sugar content levels were critical to obtaining high classification accuracies. High quality spectral data along with an optimal tuning of hyperparameters in the support vector machine (SVM) was also key to achieving high classification accuracies. In addition to demonstrating exceptional accuracies on test data, we explored insights behind the classifications, and identified the highest performing approaches using cross validation. We presented data collection guidelines, experimental design parameters, and machine learning optimization parameters for the replication of studies involving large sample sizes.
EUV Lithography (2021)

Optical lithography in the regime of k<sub>1</sub>=0.28 is very complicated. The image contrast is low and, except for 1D single-pitch patterns with special illuminations, the mask error enhancement factor (MEEF) is high. For contact hole patterning, the MEEF can be more than 4, which negates the gain of a 4X reduction system. Line ends can have MEEF as high as 10. In addition, the shape of patterns at low k<sub>1</sub> is rounded out and requires a significant amount of optical proximity correction to keep the patterns usable. Extreme-UV lithography (EUVL) previously used the 13.4-nm wavelength. Recently, this technology migrated to 13.5 nm. Either wavelength offers an order of magnitude reduction in wavelength from the water-immersion ArF wavelength of 134 nm. This presents an opportunity to bring k<sub>1</sub> back to above 0.5. It is no wonder that EUV lithography has attracted large research and development efforts worldwide. The size of the EUV development effort has dwarfed two other well-known lithography developments, namely, 157-nm lithography and x-ray proximity printing. Take the 32-nm half pitch. At the water-immersion ArF wavelength of 134 nm and sin&theta;=0.95, k<sub>1</sub> is 0.227. Turning to EUV at sinu¼0.25, k1 becomes 0.597. Initially, the term soft x-ray was used to identify this lithography. However, the use of UV light has had an impressive history of success compared to x-ray lithography. It makes sense to associate the technology with the winning wavelength range, thus it is called EUV lithography. Since the publication of Ref. 1 in 1989, more than three decades have passed and many challenges have been met. EUVL for production of the 7-nm node has been demonstrated. High-volume manufacturing is expected to follow. It will be worthwhile to track the number of nodes by which the three decades of development efforts can extend semiconductor scaling.
THE PATHOANATOMY OF OSTEOARTHRITIC AND DYSPLASTIC PATELLOFEMORAL JOINTS (2012)

Introduction The trochlear groove plays a major role in the mechanics and patho-mechanics of the patellofemoral joint. Our primary goal was to compare normal, osteoarthritic and dysplastic PFJs in terms of angles and distances. Method Computed tomography scans of 40 normal knees (>55 years old), 9 knees with patellofemoral osteoarthritis (group A) and 12 knees with trochlear dysplasia (group B) were analysed using 3D software. The femurs were orientated using a robust frame of reference. A circle was fitted to the trochlear groove. The novel trochlear axis was defined as a line joining the centres of two spheres fitted to the trochlear surfaces, lateral and medial to the trochlear groove. The relationship between the femoral trochlea and the tibiofemoral joint was measured in term of angles and distances (offsets).T-test for paired samples was used (p Results The normal trochlear groove closely matched a circle (RMS 0.3mm). It was positioned laterally in relation to the mechanical, anatomical, and trans-condylar axes of the femur. It was not co-planar with any of the three axes. After aligning to the new trochlear axis, the trochlear groove appeared more linear than when other axes were used. In comparison to the normal knees; the medial trochlear was smaller in group A (p=0.0003). The lateral trochlear was smaller in group B (p=0.04). The trochlear groove was smaller in groups B (p=0.0003). Both trochlear centres in groups A+B were more centralised (p=0.00002-0.03). The medial trochlear centre was more distal in group A (p=0.03) and the lateral trochlear centre was more distal in group B (p=0.00009). The trochlear groove started more distal in group B (p=0.0007). Discussion In osteoarthritic and dysplastic patellofemoral joints, the trochlea is both smaller and more distally located in relation to the tibiofemoral joint. These two factors may contribute to excessive loads that lead to early joint wear.
NOx-Reduction with Staged Combustion - Comparison of Experimental and Modelling Results (1996)

The IVD of the University of Stuttgart carries out investigations of in-furnace DeNOx technologies using an electrically heated bench-scale test facility where the different process parameters are evaluated independently. The DeNOx technologies of air and fuel staging have been demonstrated to be effective control techniques to reduce NOx from coal-fired utility boilers. In order to assure a good reduction efficiency the process parameters temperature, sto-
Reversal of Renal Fibrosis, Inflammation, and Glomerular Hypertrophy by Kallikrein Gene Delivery (2006)

Evidence suggests that the progression of renal fibrosis is a reversible process. Because inflammation plays a crucial role in the development of renal injury, we examined the effect of kallikrein and activation of the kinin B2 receptor on the reversal of salt-induced inflammation and renal fibrosis in Dahl salt-sensitive (DSS) rats. Four weeks after high salt loading, when renal injury was apparent, adenovirus harboring the human tissue kallikrein gene was injected into DSS rats. To determine the role of the B2 receptor in mediating the actions of kallikrein, icatibant, a kinin B2 receptor antagonist, was infused with kallikrein gene delivery. Two weeks after adenovirus injection, salt-induced glomerular sclerosis, tubular protein cast formation, and monocyte/ macrophage accumulation in the kidney were notably reversed by kallikrein. Decreased intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression paralleled this observation. Kallikrein gene delivery also dramatically reduced collagens I, III, and IV and reticulin deposition, accompanied by a decline in myofibroblast accumulation and transforming growth factor-beta(1) expression. Moreover, kallikrein reversed salt-induced glomerular hypertrophy and inhibited the increase in levels of the cell cycle-inhibitory proteins p21 and p27. These protective actions of kallikrein were abolished by icatibant, indicating a B2 receptor-mediated event. In addition, kallikrein protected against salt-induced renal injury by diminishing urinary protein and blood urea nitrogen levels. Furthermore, kallikrein gene delivery restored nitric oxide production and suppressed NADH oxidase activity and superoxide generation. These results indicate that tissue kallikrein, through the kinin B2 receptor, reverses salt-induced inflammation, renal fibrosis, and glomerular hypertrophy via suppression of oxidative stress.
Dependence of Thermal Properties on the Copolymer Sequence in Diacetylene-Containing Polycarboranylenesiloxanes (2004)

Diacetylene-containing polycarboranylenesiloxane copolymers were prepared by two different methods to yield either alternating or block copolymers with respect to the diacetylene distribution along the backbone. With each method, a set of copolymers was prepared with trisiloxane:carborane:diacetylene molar ratios of 10:9:1, 5:4:1, and 3:2:1. Both sets of copolymers yielded networks upon thermal curing. Even though the two methods produced materials of comparable molecular weights and overall compositions, the variation in the copolymer sequence caused noticeable differences in the calorimetric glass transitions for the copolymers in which the diacetylene group was most concentrated (i.e., the 3:2:1 and 5:4:1 copolymers). The copolymers were characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and 1H solid-state NMR spectroscopy.
Production of superconducting Y1Ba2Cu3Ox thin films by d.c. diode sputtering and annealing (1988)

Thin films of Y1Ba2Cu3Ox have been produced on sapphire substrates by d.c. diode sputtering in Ar atmosphere followed by annealing O2 at 850 C. X‐ray diffraction and resistivity show the films are amorphous and insulating as sputtered but become polycrystalline and conductive upon annealing, whereupon resistance begins to fall at 98 K, becoming fully superconductive at 69 K with a mid‐point at 86 K. Four‐point resistance measurements are made using low frequency phase sensitive detection. Electron microprobe analysis indicates that the 1‐2‐3 composition of this oxide can be obtained in the film by using a Y1Ba3.2Cu3.9Ox target, suggesting that resputtering of Ba and Cu occurs during the deposition. A strong interaction (most likely diffusive) can occur with the sapphire substrate which degrades the superconducting transition, necessitating shorter annealing times and lower temperatures than used for bulk powders.
Lifetimes and Reactivities of Some 1,2-Didehydroazepines Commonly Used in Photoaffinity Labeling Experiments in Aqueous Solutions (2005)

The reactive 1,2-didehydroazepine (cyclic ketenimine) intermediates produced upon photolysis of phenyl azide, 3-hydroxyphenyl azide, 3-methoxyphenyl azide, and 3-nitrophenyl azide in water and in HEPES buffer were studied by laser flash photolysis techniques with UV-vis detection of the transient intermediates. The lifetimes of the 1,2-didehydroazepines were obtained along with the absolute rate constants of their reactions with typical amino acids, nucleosides, and other simple reagents present in a biochemical milieu. The nitro substituent greatly accelerates the bimolecular reactions of the cyclic ketenimines, and the 3-methoxy group greatly decelerates the absolute reactivity of 1,2-didehydroazepines. The intermediate produced by photolysis of 3-hydroxyphenyl azide is much more reactive than the intermediate produced by photolysis of 3-methoxyphenyl azide. We propose that the hydroxyl-substituted 1,2-didehydoazepines rapidly (<10 micros) tautomerize in water to form azepinones and much more rapidly than the corresponding 3-methoxy-substituted cyclic ketenimines undergo hydrolysis. Azepinones react more rapidly with nucleophiles than do methoxy-substituted 1,2-didehydroazepines and are the active species present upon the photolysis of 3-hydroxyphenyl azide in aqueous solution.
Spectrum Splitting Micro-Concentrator Assembly for Laterally-arrayed Multi-Junction Photovoltaic Module (2018)

We demonstrate a novel spectrum-splitting module for integration with laterally-arrayed multi-bandgap micro-scale solar cells. The high-efficiency, low-cost, and low-profile design potentially enables significant improvement on solar module performance and reduction of energy production costs.
Minimal and Maximal Models to Quantitate Glucose Metabolism: Tools to Measure, to Simulate and to Run in Silico Clinical Trials (2021)

Several models have been proposed to describe the glucose system at whole-body, organ/tissue and cellular level, designed to measure non-accessible parameters (minimal models), to simulate system behavior and run in silico clinical trials (maximal models). Here, we will review the authors' work, by putting it into a concise historical background. We will discuss first the parametric portrait provided by the <i>oral minimal models</i>-building on the classical intravenous glucose tolerance test minimal models-to measure otherwise non-accessible key parameters like insulin sensitivity and beta-cell responsivity from a physiological oral test, the mixed meal or the oral glucose tolerance tests, and what can be gained by adding a tracer to the oral glucose dose. These models were used in various pathophysiological studies, which we will briefly review. A deeper understanding of insulin sensitivity can be gained by measuring insulin action in the skeletal muscle. This requires the use of isotopic tracers: both the classical multiple-tracer dilution and the positron emission tomography techniques are discussed, which quantitate the effect of insulin on the individual steps of glucose metabolism, that is, bidirectional transport plasma-interstitium, and phosphorylation. Finally, we will present a cellular model of insulin secretion that, using a multiscale modeling approach, highlights the relations between minimal model indices and subcellular secretory events. In terms of <i>maximal models</i>, we will move from a parametric to a flux portrait of the system by discussing the triple tracer meal protocol implemented with the tracer-to-tracee clamp technique. This allows to arrive at quasi-model independent measurement of glucose rate of appearance (Ra), endogenous glucose production (EGP), and glucose rate of disappearance (Rd). Both the fast absorbing simple carbs and the slow absorbing complex carbs are discussed. This rich data base has allowed us to build the UVA/Padova Type 1 diabetes and the Padova Type 2 diabetes large scale simulators. In particular, the UVA/Padova Type 1 simulator proved to be a very useful tool to safely and effectively test in silico closed-loop control algorithms for an artificial pancreas (AP). This was the first and unique simulator of the glucose system accepted by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as a substitute to animal trials for in silico testing AP algorithms. Recent uses of the simulator have looked at glucose sensors for non-adjunctive use and new insulin molecules.
Multistage waveform coding for voice communication over Zigbee networks (2009)

Zigbee standard includes no technical references for voice communication. Since the Zigbee standard has very limited size of data payload, high compression with good waveform recovery capability is essential to realize voice communication. This paper presents a voice coding scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT) for Zigbee. Theoretical analysis and simulation verify that 2-stage DWT-based scheme is considered as a feasible method for voice communication over Zigbee networks.
Tracking characteristics of the constrained IIR adaptive notch filter (1987)

In this paper, we study the tracking behavior of a constrained IIR notch filter whose coefficients are estimated using a constant step size Gauss-Newton algorithm. Using weak convergence theory and the concept of prescaling, it is shown that the mean behavior of the adaptive filter coefficients can be studied by using an ordinary differential equation (ODE). Approximate and simple closed form results are derived for the tracking behavior of a second order notch filter. Computer simulations are presented to substantiate the analysis.
Temporally Consistent Reconstruction from Multiple Video Streams Using Enhanced Belief Propagation (2007)

We present an approach for 3D reconstruction from multiple video streams taken by static, synchronized and calibrated cameras that is capable of enforcing temporal consistency on the reconstruction of successive frames. Our goal is to improve the quality of the reconstruction by finding corresponding pixels in subsequent frames of the same camera using optical flow, and also to at least maintain the quality of the single time-frame reconstruction when these correspondences are wrong or cannot be found. This allows us to process scenes with fast motion, occlusions and self- occlusions where optical flow fails for large numbers of pixels. To this end, we modify the belief propagation algorithm to operate on a 3D graph that includes both spatial and temporal neighbors and to be able to discard messages from outlying neighbors. We also propose methods for introducing a bias and for suppressing noise typically observed in uniform regions. The bias encapsulates information about the background and aids in achieving a temporally consistent reconstruction and in the mitigation of occlusion related errors. We present results on publicly available real video sequences. We also present quantitative comparisons with results obtained by other researchers.