gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fecal Calprotectin Concentration and Clinical Remission in Patients with Active Crohnʼs Disease Treated with Certolizumab Pegol: Results from PRECiSE 1 (2011)

Purpose: Greater treatment effects with anti-TNF agents1 have been reported in patients with higher baseline inflammatory marker concentrations. In the pivotal phase III trial PRECiSE 1 (P1),2 maintenance therapy with the anti-TNF certolizumab pegol (CZP) was similarly effective in patients (pts) with active Crohn's disease (CD) who had high (≥10 mg/L) baseline plasma C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and in the overall patient population enrolled in the study. Calprotectin, a protein mainly contained in neutrophils, is a marker of intestinal inflammation; fecal calprotectin (FC) concentration quantitatively relates to neutrophil migration toward the gastrointestinal tract.3,4 The aim of this post hoc analysis of P1 data was to determine the relationship between concentrations of FC and clinical outcome in pts with active CD. Methods: In P1 (NCT00152490), adult pts (N=662) with active CD (CD Activity Index [CDAI] 220-450) were randomized to CZP 400 mg or placebo induction at Wks 0, 2, and 4 and then every 4 wks during Wks 6-26. Remission rates (absolute CDAI score ≤150) were determined in subgroups of pts stratified by FC concentrations at baseline and Wk 26. Results: The overall mean baseline FC concentrations were high (>200 μg/g) or very high (>250 μg/g). Baseline FC concentrations were numerically higher among remitters vs nonremitters for both placebo and CZP groups (Table). The largest decrease in FC concentration at Wk 26 from the baseline level was observed among remitters in the CZP group. No difference in the baseline vs Wk 26 FC concentration was observed among nonremitters in the placebo group. The difference between baseline vs Wk 26 FC concentration for the CZP nonremitter and placebo remitter groups was generally similar and intermediate between the placebo nonremitter and CZP remitter groups.Table: No Caption available.Conclusion: High baseline FC concentrations suggest that patients in P1 carried a high inflammatory burden. Correlating inflammatory biomarkers and response to treatment may enhance the understanding of how biomarkers can guide therapy.
Investigation of the effect of signal amplitude on twinkling artifact. (2011)

Twinkling artifact on color Doppler ultrasound is the color labeling of hard objects, such as kidney stones, in the image. The origin of the artifact is unknown, but clinical studies have shown that twinkling artifact can improve the sensitivity of detection of stones by ultrasound. Although Doppler detection normally correlates changes in phase with moving blood, here the effect of amplitude on the artifact is investigated. Radio-frequency and in-phase and quadrature (IQ) data were recorded by pulse-echo ensembles using a software-programmable ultrasound system. Various hard targets in water and in tissue were insonified with a linear probe, and rectilinear pixel-based imaging was used to minimize beam-forming complexity. In addition, synthesized radio-frequency signals were sent directly into the ultrasound system to separate acoustic and signal processing effects. Artifact was observed both in onscreen and post-processed images, and as high statistical variance within the ensemble IQ data. Results showed that twinkling artifact could be obtained from most solid objects by changing the Doppler gain, yet signal amplitude did not have to be sufficiently high to saturate the receive circuits. In addition, low signal but high time gain compensation created the largest variance. [Work supported by NIH DK43881, DK086371, and NSBRI through NASA NCC 9-58.]
Size Evolution of Luminescent Lactoferrin Protected Gold Clusters (2011)

Earlier, we have reported the synthesis and thorough physicochemical characterization of Au(QC)@NLf, where NLf refers to native lactoferrin. In this paper, we show how the clusters are formed in the protein cavity as a function of time. MALDI MS of the protein samples measured as a function of time of incubation show the evolution of the clusters. The mechanism of cluster growth suggests metal ion transfer across molecules which require further study.
Cell Growth Inhibition by Okadaic Acid Involves Gut-Enriched Kruppel-like Factor–Mediated Enhanced Expression of c-Myc (2007)

Human breast cancer (HBC) cell growth suppression by okadaic acid (OA) was previously found to involve elevated expression of oncogenes c-myc and c-fos and apoptosis. Since, c-Myc influences diverse pathways of cell growth, we hypothesized that elevated levels of c-Myc are involved in HBC growth suppression. Here, we investigated whether induction of c-Myc by OA or protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide contributed to HBC growth inhibition and the mechanisms involved. OA, cycloheximide, or the chemotherapeutic drug Taxol suppressed HBC cell growth. However, OA or cycloheximide treatments over 6 or 10 h, respectively, induced c-Myc expression. Depletion of c-Myc, on the other hand, resulted in enhanced HBC cell viabilities when exposed to OA or cycloheximide, but not by Taxol. OA induced c-myc transcription by targeting an 80-bp region from positions -11 to +70, relative to the P1 transcription start of mouse c-myc promoter. Gel mobility shift assays revealed binding of HBC cell nuclear proteins to the OA-responsive c-myc promoter fragment, whereas binding of one complex was elevated in the case of the OA-treated or cycloheximide-treated HBC cell nuclear extracts. Database search revealed presence of a consensus sequence for zinc finger protein gut-enriched Kruppel-like factor (GKLF) in OA-responsive region of the c-myc promoter. Mutation of GKLF consensus sequences abrogated OA responsiveness of the c-myc promoter, and OA treatments caused enhanced expression of GKLF in HBC cells. Thus, OA-dependent attenuation of HBC growth is accomplished, in part, by zinc finger transcription factor GKLF-mediated enhanced transcription of c-myc.
Dissecting limiting factors of the Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements (PURE) system (2017)

ABSTRACT Reconstituted cell-free protein synthesis systems such as the Protein synthesis Using Recombinant Elements (PURE) system give high-throughput and controlled access to in vitro protein synthesis. Here we show that compared to the commercial S30 crude extract based RTS 100 E. coli HY system, the PURE system has less mRNA degradation and produces ~4-fold more total protein. However the majority of these polypeptides are partially translated or inactive since the signal from firefly luciferase (Fluc) translated in PURE is only ~2/3 rd of that measured using the S30 crude extract system. Both of the two systems suffer from low ribosome recycling efficiency when translating proteins from 90 kD to 220 kD. A systematic fed-batch analysis of PURE shows replenishment of 6 small molecule substrates individually or in combination prior to energy depletion increased Fluc protein yield by ~1.5 to ~2-fold, while accumulation of inorganic phosphate contributes to reaction termination. Additionally, while adding EF-P to PURE reduced total protein translated, it also increased the fraction of active product and reduced partial translated product probably by slowing down the translation process. Finally, ArfA, rather than YaeJ or PrfH, helped reduce ribosome stalling when translating Fluc and improved system productivity in a template-dependent fashion.
Catalytic fast pyrolysis of biomass: superior selectivity of hierarchical zeolites to aromatics (2017)

Mesopores are “highways” for mass transfer inside zeolite crystals and enhance the formation of mono-aromatic hydrocarbons from biomass pyrolysis.
Actinide-to-transition metal bonds. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of metal-metal bonded systems having the tris(cyclopentadienyl)actinide fragment (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTActinide-to-transition metal bonds. Synthesis, characterization, and properties of metal-metal bonded systems having the tris(cyclopentadienyl)actinide fragmentRichard S. Sternal and Tobin J. MarksCite this: Organometallics 1987, 6, 12, 2621–2623Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00155a036https://doi.org/10.1021/om00155a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views542Altmetric-Citations82LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Entanglement properties of the doping-driven Mott transition in the two-dimensional Hubbard model (2020)

Tools of quantum information theory offer a new perspective to characterize phases and phase transitions in interacting many-body quantum systems. The Hubbard model is the archetypal model of such systems and can explain rich phenomena of quantum matter with minimal assumptions. Recent measurements of entanglement properties of this model using ultracold atoms in optical lattices hint that entanglement could provide the key to understanding open questions of the doped Hubbard model, including the remarkable properties of the pseudogap phase. These experimental findings call for a theoretical framework and new predictions. Here we approach the doped Hubbard model in two dimensions from the perspective of quantum information theory. We study the entanglement entropy and the total mutual information across the doping-driven Mott transition within plaquette cellular dynamical mean-field theory. We find that upon varying doping these two entanglement-related properties detect the Mott insulating phase, the strongly correlated pseudogap phase, and the metallic phase. Imprinted in the entanglement properties we also find the pseudogap to correlated metal first-order transition, its finite temperature critical endpoint, and its supercritical crossovers. Through this footprint we reveal an unexpected interplay of quantum and classical correlations. Our work shows that sharp variation in the entanglement properties and not broken symmetry phases characterizes the onset of the pseudogap phase at finite temperature.
Photoresponse and nonequilibrium properties of a superconductor–normal-metal point contact (1999)

We report measurements of the photoresponse of superconductor--normal-metal point contacts (SNPC's) between electrochemically etched W whiskers (tip radius 10--200 nm) and bulk superconducting Ta immersed in superfluid He at 1.8 K. These observations are shown to be well described by a model in which the incident light induces an increase in the effective electron temperature of the irradiated W tip, and a nonequilibrium quasiparticle density in the Ta resulting in a decrease in the superconducting gap. The resulting optically induced current increment through the contact manifests itself as a photoresponse voltage across the contact, and can be computed from the BTK conductance theory of ballistic low-barrier SNPC's. The effect is used in this work to probe the increase in effective electron temperature of the nanoscale metal tip induced by the incident light; this temperature is shown to vary with laser power as ${T}_{\mathrm{eff}}^{3}\ensuremath{-}{T}_{\mathrm{He}}^{3}{=aI}_{\mathrm{laser}},$ an effect that follows from a previously unobserved heat conduction mechanism in which the nanoscale dimension of the tip plays an important role. The photoresponse also provides a direct observation of destruction of superconductivity in the vicinity of the contact at sufficiently large currents through the contact.
Reaction of a Rhodium−MiniPHOS Complex with Dihydrogen:  NMR and Computational Study (2001)

The rhodium−MiniPHOS complex [Rh((R,R)-MeButPCH2PMeBut)2]+BF4- (1) is reversibly and stereoselectively hydrogenated at low temperatures to give one isomer of cis-dihydride 2a. The second possible diastereomer, 2b, is not observed experimentally. DFT calculations suggest that 2b is 3.5 kcal mol-1 less stable than 2a. The parameters of the equilibrium between 2a, 1, and H2 determined by NMR are ΔH = −7.7 ± 0.1 kcal mol-1 and ΔS = −25 ± 1 cal mol-1 K-1. Formation of the trans-dihydride 3 is observed at around −20 °C. Most probably 3 is formed by isomerization of 2a or 2b. This isomerization involves reversible dissociation of the Rh−P bond. Similar dissociation of the Rh−P bond in 2a might make possible the substrate binding when 1 is used as a catalyst for asymmetric hydrogenation.
An integrative approach of digital image analysis and transcriptome profiling to explore potential predictive biomarkers for TGFβ blockade therapy (2022)

Increasing evidence suggests that the presence and spatial localization and distribution pattern of tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) is associate with response to immunotherapies. Recent studies have identified TGF<i>β</i> activity and signaling as a determinant of T cell exclusion in the tumor microenvironment and poor response to PD-1/PD-L1 blockade. Here we coupled the artificial intelligence (AI)-powered digital image analysis and gene expression profiling as an integrative approach to quantify distribution of TILs and characterize the associated TGF<i>β</i> pathway activity. Analysis of T cell spatial distribution in the solid tumor biopsies revealed substantial differences in the distribution patterns. The digital image analysis approach achieves 74% concordance with the pathologist assessment for tumor-immune phenotypes. The transcriptomic profiling suggests that the TIL score was negatively correlated with TGF<i>β</i> pathway activation, together with elevated TGF<i>β</i> signaling activity observed in excluded and desert tumor phenotypes. The present results demonstrate that the automated digital pathology algorithm for quantitative analysis of CD8 immunohistochemistry image can successfully assign the tumor into one of three infiltration phenotypes: immune desert, immune excluded or immune inflamed. The association between "cold" tumor-immune phenotypes and TGF<i>β</i> signature further demonstrates their potential as predictive biomarkers to identify appropriate patients that may benefit from TGF<i>β</i> blockade.
Power Capability of Hybrid Excited Synchronous Motors in Variable Speed Drives Applications (2019)

Power capability of synchronous machines, when operating in motoring mode, is discussed in this contribution. Maximum power limits and partial loads operations are both examined in the case of variable speed drives applications when the synchronous motors are driven with idealized inverters with limited volt-ampere ratings. This study is based on a per-unit d-q model normalized according to the base speed operation quantities. Different control strategies are thoroughly analyzed for different motors parameters. The use of per-unit quantities will help to draw some general conclusions regarding the effect of motors parameters on the drives performance. Since wound field (WF) excited and permanent magnet (PM) excited synchronous motors could be considered as particular cases of hybrid excited synchronous motors, the findings of this contribution would be applicable to all synchronous motors with a magnetic excitation source.
Prediction of motion induced magnetic fields for human brain MRI at 3T (2022)

Objective Maps of B0 field inhomogeneities are often used to improve MRI image quality, even in a retrospective fashion. These field inhomogeneities depend on the exact head position within the static field but acquiring field maps (FM) at every position is time consuming. Here we explore different ways to obtain B0 predictions at different head positions. Methods FM were predicted from iterative simulations with four field factors: 1) sample induced B0 field, 2) system's spherical harmonic shim field, 3) perturbing field originating outside the field of view, 4) sequence phase errors. The simulation was improved by including local susceptibility sources estimated from UTE scans and position-specific masks. The estimation performance of the simulated FMs and a transformed FM, obtained from the measured reference FM, were compared with the actual FM at different head positions. Results The transformed FM provided inconsistent results for large head movements (&gt;5 degree rotation), while the simulation strategy had a superior prediction accuracy for all positions. The simulated FM was used to optimize B0 shims with up to 22.2% improvement with respect to the transformed FM approach. Conclusion The proposed simulation strategy is able to predict movement induced B0 field inhomogeneities yielding more precise estimates of the ground truth field homogeneity than the transformed FM.
Criteria for Performing Multiple Dosimetry (1995)

When radiation fields vary spatially as a result of job- or location-specific conditions, the use of more than one dosimeter may be necessary for a variety of radiation protection purposes. This paper contains a methodology for when and how to use multiple dosimeters under conditions incident to routine activities in the presence of ionizing radiation. It also describes a methodology for determining the effective dose equivalent when the use of multiple dosimeters has been deemed necessary by radiation protection professionals. The methodology is based upon application of compartments and compartment factors. Included herein are examples demonstrating when multiple dosimeters should be used and how effective dose equivalent should be calculated using the compartment factors.
Molecular Mimics of Classic P-Glycoprotein Inhibitors as Multidrug Resistance Suppressors and Their Synergistic Effect on Paclitaxel (2017)

P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is a membrane bound efflux pump spread in a variety of tumor cells and considered as a main component of multidrug resistance (MDR) to chemotherapies. In this work, three groups of compounds (imidazolone, oxazolone and vinyl dipeptide derivatives) were synthesized aiming to develop a molecular framework that effectively suppresses MDR. When tested for their influence on Pgp activity, four compounds coded Cur1-01, Cur1-12V, Curox-1 and Curox-3 significantly decreased remaining ATP concentration indicating Pgp substrate site blocking. On the other hand, Cur-3 and Cur-10 significantly increased remaining ATP concentration, which is indicative of Pgp ATPase inhibition. The cytotoxicity of synthesized compounds was examined against Pgp expressing/highly resistant colorectal cancer cell lines (LS-174T). Compounds Cur-1 and Cur-3 showed considerable cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 7.6 and 8.9 μM, respectively. Equitoxic combination (at IC50 concentrations) of PTX and Cur-3 greatly diminished resistant cell clone from 45.7% to 2.5%, albeit with some drop in potency from IC50 of 7.9 nM to IC50 of 23.8 nM. On the other hand, combination of PTX and the non-cytotoxic Cur1-12V (10 μM) significantly decreased the IC50 of PTX to 3.8 nM as well as the resistant fraction to 16.2%. The combination test was confirmed using the same protocol but on another resistant CRC cell line (HCT-116) as we obtained similar results. Both Cur-3 and Cur1-12V (10 μM) significantly increased the cellular entrapment of Pgp probe (doxorubicin) elevating its intracellular concentration from 1.9 pmole/cell to 3.0 and 2.9 pmole/cell, respectively.
Web access over a multiple access channel: evaluations and improvements (2004)

We evaluate Web browsing performance over a multiple access satellite channel for three different MAC layer protocols. A Web user behavior model is used to generate realistic source traffic. A new transport layer protocol called RWBP is proposed to solve the TCP problems inside satellite networks. RWBP uses per-flow queuing, round robin scheduling and receiver window backpressure for congestion control. We compare its performance with TCP over the three multiple access protocols. Our simulation results show that RWBP can reduce the multiple access channel load and at the same time improve the Web page response time when driven by realistic Web traffic. For the MAC layer protocols, combined free demand assignment multiple access (CFDAMA) always performs better than the other two protocols.
Gender‐related differential effect of tachykinin NK2 receptor‐mediated visceral hyperalgesia in guinea pig colon (2016)

Ibodutant prevented abdominal nociception in a model of visceral hypersensitivity in guinea pigs with a greater efficacy in females than in males. Our results highlight a gender-related difference in colonic visceral hypersensitivity and mucosal nerve activation.
Disease expression of RP1 mutations causing autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa. (2000)

Earliest disease expression of RP1 gene mutations causing adRP involves primarily rod photoreceptors, and there is a gradient of vulnerability of retinopathy with more pronounced effects in the inferonasal peripheral retina. At other disease stages, cone function is also affected, and severe retina-wide degeneration can occur. The nonpenetrance or minimal disease expression in some Arg677ter mutation-positive heterozygotes suggests important roles for modifier genes or environmental factors in RP1-related disease.
Nanodentures and Mechanical Electrodynamics: Three-Dimensional Relative Orientation of Plasmonic Nanoarches from Absorption Spectra (2013)

We propose a general theme, labeled mechanical electrodynamics, where the relative three-dimensional (3-D) orientation of particles with nontrivial geometries is tracked based on the details of the absorption spectrum beyond a one-dimensional (1-D) distance dependence. Specifically, we simulate absorption spectra of a subwavelength denture-like nanostructure with freely moving parts. The nanodentures are made of two gold nanoarches that either open and close or rotate about a single arch base (hinge rotation). We show how the absorption spectrum for the nanodentures changes depending on orientation and position. There is a ∼0.1–0.2 eV shift in absorbance peak frequencies as the denture closes, corresponding to an increased coupling between the two gold arches, while a hinge rotation results in a depletion of one absorbance peak (1.48 eV) with the simultaneous emergence of a new absorbance peak at lower frequencies (0.88 eV). The unique spectral signature of each position and orientation of the nanodentures points to a variety of applications. One will be experimentally tracking and measuring orientation and position of plasmonic-coupled nanoparticles using simple methods such as UV–vis or IR spectral analysis. Additionally, the denture structure will tune in and out of different plasmon resonance frequencies, or turn “on and off,” depending on its orientation. The simulations were performed efficiently by the recent near-field (NF) approach, which is a time-dependent Poisson algorithm that shares a lot of the machinery of full-fledged Maxwell equations but allows for much larger time steps and therefore can treat large systems.