gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benefit of Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf>/HfO<inf>2</inf> bilayer for BEOL RRAM integration through 16kb memory cut characterization (2015)

In this paper, for the first time, the reliability of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -based RRAM devices integrated in an advanced 28nm CMOS 16kbit demonstrator is presented. The effect of the introduction of a thin Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> layer in TiN/Ti/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /TiN is explored to improve the memory performances. Thanks to the in-depth electrical characterization of both HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> stacks at device level and in the 16×1kbit demonstrator the interest of the bilayer is put forward (endurance: 1 decade after 1M cycles and retention: 6 hours at 200°C). Finally, thanks to our 3D model based on calculation of the Conductive Filament resistance using trap assisted tunneling (TAT) the role of Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> as tunneling layer is highlighted.
miRNAs in enterovirus infection (2018)

During the last years, it has become evident that miRNAs are important players in almost all physiological and pathological processes, including viral infections. Enterovirus infections range from mild to severe acute infections concerning several organ systems and are also associated with chronic diseases. In this review, we summarize the findings on the impact of acute and persistent enterovirus infection on the expression of cellular miRNAs. Furthermore, the currently available data on the regulation of cellular or viral targets by the dysregulated miRNAs are reviewed. Finally, a translational perspective, namely the use of miRNAs as biomarkers of enterovirus infection and as antiviral strategy is discussed.
Molecular heterogeneity in breast cancer: State of the science and implications for patient care (2016)

The identification of extensive genetic heterogeneity in human breast carcinomas poses a significant challenge for designing effective treatment regimens. Significant genomic evolution often occurs during breast cancer progression, creating variability within primary tumors as well as between the primary carcinoma and metastases. Current risk allocations and treatment recommendations for breast cancer patients are based largely on characteristics of the primary tumor; however, genetic differences between disseminated tumor cells and the primary carcinoma may negatively impact treatment efficacy and survival. In this review we (1) present current information about genomic variability within primary breast carcinomas, between primary tumors and regional/distant metastases, among circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and disseminated tumor cells (DTCs), and in cell-free nucleic acids in circulation, and (2) describe how this heterogeneity affects clinical care and outcomes such as recurrence and therapeutic resistance. Understanding the evolution and functional significance of the composite breast cancer genome within each patient is critical for developing effective therapies that can overcome obstacles presented by molecular heterogeneity.
Sizable electromagnetic forces in parallel-plate metallic cavity (2011)

Using a boundary element method to calculate electromagnetic fields and the Maxwell stress tensor method to compute electromagnetic forces, we investigate electromagnetic wave induced forces acting on a pair of identical metal plates that form an electromagnetic resonance cavity. Different frequency regimes are considered, from infrared frequencies with micron-scale structures down to the microwave regime, which involves millimeter-scale structures. We found that at both length scales, electromagnetic-wave-induced forces can be significantly stronger than the usual photon pressure exerted by a laser beam if the cavity is excited at resonance, although the mechanisms that underlie the strong force are different at different length scales. In the infrared frequency regime, the strong force is induced by field penetration into the metal, whereas in the microwave regime, the electromagnetic force is induced by the leakage of electric field at the edges. At both frequency scales, we compare the results we obtained for Au metal plates with fictitious perfect electric conductor plates, so as to understand the effect of field penetration. We also showed that a transmission line model can give simple expressions that can capture the essence of the physics. The effects of surface corrugation and surface roughness are also investigated, and we find that corrugation/roughness generally induces attraction between the plates.
Electrically Pumped Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers With Patterned Tunnel Junction for Single Transversal-Mode Emission (2015)

This paper reports on a numerical analysis of methods for current injection into AlInGaAs/InP tunnel-junction electrically pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers. The tunnel junction is patterned to minimize the current crowding effect and support the fundamental transverse modes. Optimization of the tunnel junction radius predicts 9-mW emission and 4% wall-plug efficiency in the single-mode regime. Additional patterning of the tunnel junction in the form of a coaxial ring, without modifying its total radius but reducing its area, maintains or improves the emitted power and in addition enhances wall-plug efficiency by around 60%. A design of E-VECSEL is proposed which offers five times larger emitted power and wall-plug efficiency in the single-mode regime in comparison to recently reported experimental devices.
193-nm single-layer photoresists based on alternating copolymers of cycloolefins: the use of photogenerators of sulfamic acids (1998)

Single layer resists for 193 nm based upon resins derived from alternating copolymers of cycloolefins and maleic anhydride will be discussed. Our past work has examined the effect of polymer structure and composition, dissolution inhibitor structure and loading as well as the effect of the photoacid generator on the resist dissolution properties. In this paper, we will report upon on some of our recent investigations aimed at improving performance by use of a new class of photoreactive additives, photogenerators of aminosulfonic acids. One example of these, bis(t- butylphenyl)iodonium cyclamate, will be shown in our high activation 193 nm single layer resist system as being a useful photodecomposable base additive capable of limiting acid diffusion and alleviating post exposure bake delay effects. Finally, we will describe the utility of these materials in low activation energy (acetal based) resist systems.
Charge-transfer-based Gas Sensing Using Atomic-layer MoS2 (2015)

Two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) atomic layers have a strong potential to be used as 2D electronic sensor components. However, intrinsic synthesis challenges have made this task difficult. In addition, the detection mechanisms for gas molecules are not fully understood. Here, we report a high-performance gas sensor constructed using atomic-layered MoS2 synthesised by chemical vapour deposition (CVD). A highly sensitive and selective gas sensor based on the CVD-synthesised MoS2 was developed. In situ photoluminescence characterisation revealed the charge transfer mechanism between the gas molecules and MoS2, which was validated by theoretical calculations. First-principles density functional theory calculations indicated that NO2 and NH3 molecules have negative adsorption energies (i.e., the adsorption processes are exothermic). Thus, NO2 and NH3 molecules are likely to adsorb onto the surface of the MoS2. The in situ PL characterisation of the changes in the peaks corresponding to charged trions and neutral excitons via gas adsorption processes was used to elucidate the mechanisms of charge transfer between the MoS2 and the gas molecules.
Performance-Aware Cross-Layer Design in Wireless Multihop Networks Via a Weighted Backpressure Approach (2014)

In this paper, we study, analyze, and evaluate a performance-aware cross-layer design approach for wireless multihop networks. Through network utility maximization (NUM) and weighted network graph modeling, a cross-layer algorithm for performing jointly routing, scheduling, and congestion control is introduced. The performance awareness is achieved by both the appropriate definition of the link weights for the corresponding application's requirements and the introduction of a weighted backpressure (BP) routing/scheduling. Contrary to the conventional BP, the proposed algorithm scales the congestion gradients with the appropriately defined per-pair (link, destination) weights. We analytically prove the queue stability achieved by the proposed cross-layer scheme, while its convergence to a close neighborhood of the optimal source rates' values is proven via an ε-subgradient approach. The issue of the weights' assignment based on various quality-of-service (QoS) metrics is also investigated. Through modeling and simulation, we demonstrate the performance improvements that can be achieved by the proposed approach-when compared against existing methodologies in the literature-for two different examples with diverse application requirements, emphasizing respectively on delay and trustworthiness.
Technology of EB Lithography System for 65-nm Node Mask Writing (2005)

OVERVIEW: Semiconductor manufacturing equipment requires both high accuracy and high productivity at the same time. The same can be said for mask writing technology used in KrF or ArF UV (ultraviolet) lithography. A new series of the EB (electron beam) mask lithography system developed by Hitachi Group has high-accuracy CD (critical dimension) controllability obtained with a new electron optical system, new compensation technology, higher precision stage and temperature control technology, as well as high positioning controllability, thus achieving a higher degree of accuracy. In addition, to cope with the huge, terabyte-order data volume that comes with miniaturization, a SAN (storage area network) system was adopted to unify management of previously localized data and to expedite data management and conversion processing to reduce the burden on the system user. Furthermore, higher current density and faster deflection calculation technology can be applied to realize high system throughput for the current generation of mask production lines which are the bulk of existing products, as well as to production systems in the 65-nm node generation.
Live nephron imaging by MRI (2014)

The local sensitivity of MRI can be improved with small MR detectors placed close to regions of interest. However, to maintain such sensitivity advantage, local detectors normally need to communicate with the external amplifier through cable connections, which prevent the use of local detectors as implantable devices. Recently, an integrated wireless amplifier was developed that can efficiently amplify and broadcast locally detected signals, so that the local sensitivity was enhanced without the need for cable connections. This integrated detector enabled the live imaging of individual glomeruli using negative contrast introduced by cationized ferritin, and the live imaging of renal tubules using positive contrast introduced by gadopentetate dimeglumine. Here, we utilized the high blood flow to image individual glomeruli as hyperintense regions without any contrast agent. These hyperintense regions were identified for pixels with signal intensities higher than the local average. Addition of Mn(2+) allowed the simultaneous detection of both glomeruli and renal tubules: Mn(2+) was primarily reabsorbed by renal tubules, which would be distinguished from glomeruli due to higher enhancement in T1-weighted MRI. Dynamic studies of Mn(2+) absorption confirmed the differential absorption affinity of glomeruli and renal tubules, potentially enabling the in vivo observation of nephron function.
Integrative multi-region molecular profiling of primary prostate cancer with synchronous lymph node metastasis to characterize the biologically dominant clone (2023)

<title>Abstract</title> Localized prostate cancer is composed of multiple spatially distinct tumors with significant inter- and intra-tumoral molecular heterogeneity. This genomic diversity gives rise to many competing subclones that may drive the biological trajectory of the disease. Previous large scale sequencing efforts have focused on the evolutionary process of metastatic prostate cancer, revealing a potential clonal progression to castration resistance. However, the clonal origin of synchronous lymph node (LN) metastases in primary disease is still unknown. Here, we performed multi-region, targeted DNA/RNA next generation sequencing (NGS) and constructed phylogenetic trees from 14 patients with LN metastasis (88 primary prostate cancer foci with 23 synchronous LN metastases) to better define the molecular features of primary disease most likely to spread to the LNs. Of eight primary prostate cancer cases with evidence of extra-prostatic extension (EPE), phylogenetic analysis supported this region as the likely source of LN metastasis in four cases. In two patients with organ-confined disease and LN metastasis, sub-clonal seeding and clonal evolution was observed, with LN metastasis likely arising from a Gleason Grade Group 5 focus. Cribriform pattern was observed in seven patients in both LNs and the primary tumor foci most clonally related. Driver alterations, either oncogenic gene fusions or somatic mutations (e.g., <italic>CDK12</italic>, <italic>FOXA1</italic>), were shared among primary tumor and LN metastatic foci. Collectively, we found that a combination of histopathologic and molecular factors, including tumor grade, EPE, cellular morphology (e.g., cribriform pattern), and oncogenic genomic alterations were associated with synchronous LN metastasis. More work is needed to better define the molecular features of primary prostate cancer foci most likely to give rise to metastasis to improve risk stratification, guide treatment allocation, and inform novel therapeutic strategies.
<title>Performance enhancement in future communications satellites with MMIC technology insertion</title> (1991)

Progress in communications satellites and projection of a future satellite system architecture are presented. The advantages of microwave/millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) technology as applied to present and future systems are discussed. Examples of MMICs that have been developed for various satellite applications from C- to V-band are also presented.
Clinical Significance of the Prognostic Nutritional Index for Predicting Short- and Long-Term Surgical Outcomes After Gastrectomy (2016)

To evaluate the predictive and prognostic significance of the prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in a large cohort of gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy.Assessing a patient's immune and nutritional status, PNI has been reported as a predictive marker for surgical outcomes in various types of cancer.We retrospectively reviewed data from a prospectively maintained database of 7781 gastric cancer patients who underwent gastrectomy from January 2001 to December 2010 at a single center. From this data, we analyzed clinicopathologic characteristics, PNI, and short- and long-term surgical outcomes for each patient. We used the PNI value for the 10th percentile (46.70) of the study cohort as a cut-off for dividing patients into low and high PNI groups.Regarding short-term outcomes, multivariate analysis showed a low PNI (odds ratio [OR] = 1.505, 95% CI = 1.212-1.869, P <0.001), old age, male sex, high body mass index, medical comorbidity, total gastrectomy, and combined resection to be independent predictors of postoperative complications. Among these, only low PNI (OR = 4.279, 95% CI = 1.760-10.404, P = 0.001) and medical comorbidity were independent predictors of postoperative mortality. For long-term outcomes, low PNI was a poor prognostic factor for overall survival, but not recurrence (overall survival: hazard ratio [HR] = 1.383, 95% CI = 1.221-1.568, P < 0.001; recurrence-free survival: HR = 1.142, 95% CI = 0.985-1.325, P = 0.078).PNI can be used to predict patients at increased risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality. Although PNI was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival, the index was not associated with cancer recurrence.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Regulates Tumor Invasion by Coupling Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling to Extracellular Matrix Degradation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 4 Regulates Tumor Invasion by Coupling Fibroblast Growth Factor Signaling to Extracellular Matrix Degradation
Single cell transcriptome identifies molecular subtype of autism spectrum disorder impacted by de novo loss of function mutation genes regulating glial cells (2021)

Abstract Background In recent years, several hundred autism spectrum disorder (ASD) implicated genes have been discovered impacting a wide range of molecular pathways. However, the molecular underpinning of ASD, particularly from the point of view of ‘brain to behaviour’ pathogenic mechanisms, remains largely unknown. Methods We undertook a study to investigate patterns of spatiotemporal and cell type expression of ASD-implicated genes by integrating large-scale brain single cell transcriptomes (&gt; million cells) and de novo loss of function (LOF) ASD mutations (impacting 852 genes from 40122 cases). Results We identified multiple single cell clusters from three distinct developmental human brain regions (anterior cingulate cortex, middle temporal gyrus and primary visual cortex) that evidenced high evolutionary constraint through enrichment for brain critical exons and high PLi genes. These clusters also showed significant enrichment with ASD loss of function mutation genes (p &lt; 5.23 x 10 − 11 ) that are transcriptionally highly active in prenatal brain regions (visual cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). Mapping ASD de novo LOF mutated genes into large scale human and mouse brain single cell transcriptome analysis demonstrate enrichment of such genes into neuronal subtypes and are also enriched for subtype of non-neuronal glial cell types (astrocyte, p &lt; 6.40 x 10 − 11 ; oligodendrocyte, p &lt; 1.31 x 10 − 09 ). Conclusion Among the ASD genes enriched with pathogenic de novo LOF mutations (i.e., KANK1, PLXNB1), a subgroup has restricted transcriptional regulation in non-neuronal cell types that are evolutionarily conserved. This association strongly suggests the involvement of subtype of non-neuronal glial cells in the pathogenesis of ASD, and the need to explore other biological pathways for this disorder.
Cost effectiveness of computer tailored and non-tailored smoking cessation letters in general practice: randomised controlled trial (2001)

In a large general practice, a brief non-tailored letter effectively increased cessation rates among smokers. A tailored letter was not effective in increasing cessation rates but promoted shift in movement towards cessation ("stage of change") in heavy smokers. As a pragmatic tool to encourage cessation of smoking, a mass mailing of non-tailored letters from general practices is more cost effective than computer tailored letters or no letters.
X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy to Probe Interfacial Issues in Photolithography (2003)

We utilize near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXASFS) to provide detailed chemical insight into two interfacial problems facing sub-100 nm patterning. First, chemically amplified photo-resists are sensitive to surface phenomenon, which causes deviations in the pattern profile near the interface. Striking examples include T-topping, closure, footing, and undercutting. NEXAFS was used to examine surface segregation of a photo-acid generator at the resist/air interface and to illustrate that the surface extent of deprotection in a model resist film can be different than the bulk extent of deprotection. Second, line edge roughness becomes increasingly critical with shrinking patterns, and may be intimately related to the line edge deprotection profile. A NEXAFS technique to surface depth profile for compositional gradients is described with the potential to provide chemical information about the resist line edge.
Expression of T‐type calcium channel splice variants in human glioma (2004)

In humans, three isoforms of the T-type (Ca(v)3.1) calcium-channel alpha(1) subunit have been reported as a result of alternate splicing of exons 25 and 26 in the III-IV linker region (Ca(v)3.1a, Ca(v)3.1b or Ca(v)3.1bc). In the present study, we report that human glioma express Ca(v)3.1 channels in situ, that splicing of these exons is uniquely regulated and that there is expression of a glioma-specific novel T-type variant (Ca(v)3.1ac). Seven human glioma samples were collected at surgery, RNA was extracted, and cDNA was produced for RT-PCR analysis. In addition, three glioma cell lines (U87, U563, and U251N), primary cultures of human fetal astrocytes, as well as adult and fetal human brain cDNA were used. Previously described Ca(v)3.1 splice variants were present in glioma samples, cultured cells and whole brain. Consistent with the literature, our results reveal that in the normal adult brain, Ca(v)3.1a transcripts predominate, while Ca(v)3.1b is mostly fetal-specific. RT-PCR results on glioma and glioma cell lines showed that Ca(v)3.1 expression in tumor cells resemble fetal brain expression pattern as Ca(v)3.1bc is predominantly expressed. In addition, we identified a novel splice variant, Ca(v)3.1ac, expressed in three glioma biopsies and one glioma cell line, but not in normal brain or fetal astrocytes. Transient expression of this variant demonstrates that Ca(v)3.1ac displays similar current-voltage and steady-state inactivation properties compared with Ca(v)3.1b, but a slower recovery from inactivation. Taken together, our data suggest glioma-specific Ca(v)3.1 gene regulation, which could possibly contribute to tumor pathogenesis.
Flow-controlled thermosyphon using multi-stacked radiator cores (2000)

We have been developing a more compact cooling unit compared with the conventional cooling aluminum fin and the heat pipe-type cooling unit. The aim of this paper is to examine the cooling performance of the cooling unit using multi-stacked radiator cores and a new flow controller. We propose a new simple structure for the refrigerant circulation flow using multi-stacked radiator cores with holes at both ends. Further we clarified that the cooling performance is greatly improved by the new refrigerant flow controller if the cooling unit is inclined. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 29(8): 648–659, 2000