gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of β-C-Glycosides of N-Acetylglucosamine via Keck Allylation Directed by Neighboring Phthalimide Groups (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSynthesis of β-C-Glycosides of N-Acetylglucosamine via Keck Allylation Directed by Neighboring Phthalimide GroupsBarbara A. Roe, Constantine G. Boojamra, Jennifer L. Griggs, and Carolyn R. BertozziView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 18, 6442–6445Publication Date (Web):September 6, 1996Publication History Received6 May 1996Published online6 September 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960819ohttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960819obrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2138Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Carbohydrates,Oligosaccharides,Reaction products,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Chemistry of 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazoles. Part V. A simple synthe of ellipticines (1976)

A new versatile synthesis of 6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazoles (ellipticines) is described which requires mild conditions and utilises easily accessible starting materials [indoles and 3-(1-chloroalkyl)pyridines]. It is illustrate the synthesis of 11-demethylellipticine, ellipticine, and 8,9-methylenedioxyellipticine. Overall yields comfavourably with those of previous syntheses.
Model-Based Iterative Restoration for Binary Document Image Compression with Dictionary Learning (2017)

The inherent noise in the observed (e.g., scanned) binary document image degrades the image quality and harms the compression ratio through breaking the pattern repentance and adding entropy to the document images. In this paper, we design a cost function in Bayesian framework with dictionary learning. Minimizing our cost function produces a restored image which has better quality than that of the observed noisy image, and a dictionary for representing and encoding the image. After the restoration, we use this dictionary (from the same cost function) to encode the restored image following the symbol-dictionary framework by JBIG2 standard with the lossless mode. Experimental results with a variety of document images demonstrate that our method improves the image quality compared with the observed image, and simultaneously improves the compression ratio. For the test images with synthetic noise, our method reduces the number of flipped pixels by 48.2% and improves the compression ratio by 36.36% as compared with the best encoding methods. For the test images with real noise, our method visually improves the image quality, and outperforms the cutting-edge method by 28.27% in terms of the compression ratio.
Formation Kinetics of Niobium and Molybdenum Silicides Induced by Ion Bombardment (1984)

Kinetics of silicide formation induced by ion bombardment was investigated in Nb-deposited-on-Si (Nb/Si) and Mo/Si systems by using a backscattering technique in order to elucidate formation mechanisms. The kinetics was observed to be different in these systems. In Mo/Si, the amount of Si atoms intermixed into the silicide is proportional to (dose) 1/2 and independent of the properties of the Si substrate; in Nb/Si, it is proportional to the nuclear energy deposition by the ion at the silicide/Si interface and is affected depending on whether the substrate is amorphous or crystalline. From these results and the temperature dependence observed, it is concluded that defects produced by the ion cause the silicide growth by inducing the reaction at the silicide/Si interface and atomic diffusion in the silicide layer; in Nb/Si the former process is rate limited and in Mo/Si it is the latter.
Performance of CT Compared with 18F-FDG PET in Predicting the Efficacy of Nivolumab in Relapsed or Refractory Hodgkin Lymphoma (2020)

Background CT and fluorine 18 (<sup>18</sup>F) fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET/CT performances following immune therapy are not well known in patients with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma (RRHL). Purpose To compare CT and PET/CT for prognostic value of early response evaluation following nivolumab therapy. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included patients from 34 institutions who underwent early imaging response evaluation from July 2013 to April 2017. Three experienced readers classified imaging response by using Cheson et al and 2016 Lymphoma Response to Immunomodulatory Therapy Criteria as follows: complete (metabolic) response, partial (metabolic) response, stable disease or no metabolic response, or progressive (metabolic) disease. Primary CT and PET assessments were performed at a median of 2.0 months (interquartile range, 1.7-3.7 months) after nivolumab initiation. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to determine the relationship of primary CT and PET assessment response categories to overall survival (OS). Agreements between primary and secondary imaging assessments were assessed by using κ analysis. Results A total of 45 patients (median age, 37 years; range, 18-77 years; 25 men) underwent a primary assessment using CT and PET/CT; 36 patients also underwent a subsequent assessment. Eleven patients (24%) died after a median follow-up of 21.2 months. CT and PET response categories were associated with OS (<i>P</i> = .03 for primary CT assessment; <i>P</i> = .02 for primary PET assessment). There was no pseudoprogression at primary CT and PET assessments. At the primary assessment, response categories by using CT were reclassified by using PET in 44% (20 of 45) of patients. Among these, 55% (11 of 20) were reclassified to complete metabolic response (complete metabolic response rate: 29% [13 of 45 patients] vs complete response rate: 4% [two of 45 patients]), with a 2-year OS probability of 100%. At the secondary assessment, complete response rate using CT increased to 17% (six of 36 patients), hence a better agreement with PET (κ = 0.78; <i>P</i> < .001). Conclusion Early CT and PET/CT at a median of 2 months after initiation of nivolumab predicted overall survival in relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma. Early PET detected additional patients with complete metabolic response. © RSNA, 2020 <i>Online supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Scott and Wang in this issue.
RADIOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF A NON-MODULAR ACETABULAR CUP (2008)

Press-fit acetabular reconstructions have become the standard THA; however, controversies remain. The purpose of this study was to critically evaluate serial radiographs for initial cup stability, i.e. gaps and signs of periacetabular interface changes for a porous tantalum monoblock socket. A multicenter study evaluating 574 primary THRs (542 patients) performed by 9 surgeons at 7 hospitals, all with a monoblock cup without screws. Analyses included clinical outcomes and detailed 2-year minimum radiographic evaluation by one independent observer (mean follow-up, 33 months). Complications included 9 intra-operative acetabular fractures. Among the 123 cases excluded from radiographic evaluations: deceased (19), lost-to-follow-up (8), 7 early revisions (recurrent dislocations (6) and one trauma-related loosening), and sepsis (3). Patient demographics (414 hips): mean age 65 years (19–93); 58 percent females. Baseline radiographs revealed 113 zones in 85 hips (21 percent) with acetabular gaps; 36 in zone I, 72 in zone II, and 5 in zone III. Of these radiolucencies, 57 zones were 1 mm or less and 56 zones ranged from 2 to 5 mm. At last follow-up, 64 hips (75 percent) had complete gap fill-in, including 100 percent of gaps greater than 3 mm. There were no socket migrations, no evidence of lysis, no revisions for loosening, and no complete periacetabular interface radiolucencies. The fill-in of preexisting OA cysts and gaps is attributed to adequate initial stability and osteointegration into the porous tantalum. These results suggest that a monoblock cup without screws is an attractive option in THA.
Open WiFi networks: Lethal weapons for botnets? (2012)

This paper assesses the potential for highly mobile botnets to communicate and perform nefarious actions using only open WiFi networks, which we term mobile WiFi botnets. We design and evaluate a proof-of-concept mobile WiFi botnet using real-world mobility traces and actual open WiFi network locations for the urban environment of San Francisco. Our extensive simulation results demonstrate that mobile WiFi botnets can support rapid command propagation, with commands typically reaching over 75% of the botnet only 2 hours after injection-sometimes, within as little as 30 minutes. Moreover, those bots able to receive commands usually have ≈40-50% probability of being able to do so within a minute of the command being issued. Our evaluation results also indicate that even a small mobile WiFi botnet of only 536 bots can launch an effective DDoS attack against poorly protected systems. Furthermore, mobile WiFi botnet traffic is sufficiently distributed across multiple open WiFi networks-with no single network being over-utilized at any given moment-to make detection difficult.
Ultrafast manipulation of the NiO antiferromagnetic order via sub-gap optical excitation (2022)

Wide-band-gap insulators such as NiO offer the exciting prospect of coherently manipulating electronic correlations with strong optical fields. Contrary to metals where rapid dephasing of optical excitation via electronic processes occurs, the sub-gap excitation in charge-transfer insulators has been shown to couple to low-energy bosonic excitations. However, it is currently unknown if the bosonic dressing field is composed of phonons or magnons. Here we use the prototypical charge-transfer insulator NiO to demonstrate that 1.5 eV sub-gap optical excitation leads to a renormalised NiO band-gap in combination with a significant reduction of the antiferromagnetic order. We employ element-specific X-ray reflectivity at the FLASH free-electron laser to demonstrate the reduction of the upper band-edge at the O 1s-2p core-valence resonance (K-edge) whereas the antiferromagnetic order is probed via X-ray magnetic linear dichroism (XMLD) at the Ni 2p-3d resonance (L2-edge). Comparing the transient XMLD spectral line shape to ground-state measurements allows us to extract a spin temperature rise of 65 +/- 5 K for time delays longer than 400 fs while at earlier times a non-equilibrium spin state is formed. We identify transient mid-gap states being formed during the first 200 fs accompanied by a band-gap reduction lasting at least up to the maximum measured time delay of 2.4 ps. Electronic structure calculations indicate that magnon excitations significantly contribute to the reduction of the NiO band gap.
Mortality, All-Cause and Cardiovascular Disease, Over 15 Years in Multiethnic Mauritius (2010)

This is the first study in a developing country of the impact of glucose intolerance on mortality in an African population, and one of the first studies of a South Asian population. It shows that the impact on mortality in these populations in Mauritius is comparable to that seen in developed countries. These results are important in a global context for future health policy in light of the impact of the rapid increase in prevalence of diabetes, especially in developing nations.
Genetic determinants facilitating the evolution of resistance to carbapenem antibiotics (2021)

In this era of rising antibiotic resistance, in contrast to our increasing understanding of mechanisms that cause resistance, our understanding of mechanisms that influence the propensity to evolve resistance remains limited. Here, we identified genetic factors that facilitate the evolution of resistance to carbapenems, the antibiotic of 'last resort', in <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>, the major carbapenem-resistant species. In clinical isolates, we found that high-level transposon insertional mutagenesis plays an important role in contributing to high-level resistance frequencies in several major and emerging carbapenem-resistant lineages. A broader spectrum of resistance-conferring mutations for select carbapenems such as ertapenem also enables higher resistance frequencies and, importantly, creates stepping-stones to achieve high-level resistance to all carbapenems. These mutational mechanisms can contribute to the evolution of resistance, in conjunction with the loss of systems that restrict horizontal resistance gene uptake, such as the CRISPR-Cas system. Given the need for greater antibiotic stewardship, these findings argue that in addition to considering the current efficacy of an antibiotic for a clinical isolate in antibiotic selection, considerations of future efficacy are also important. The genetic background of a clinical isolate and the exact antibiotic identity can and should also be considered as they are determinants of a strain's propensity to become resistant. Together, these findings thus provide a molecular framework for understanding acquisition of carbapenem resistance in <i>K. pneumoniae</i> with important implications for diagnosing and treating this important class of pathogens.
Analytics for Noisy Unstructured Text A Data II (2011)

The importance of text mining applications is growing proportionally with the exponential growth of electronic text. Along with the growth of internet many other sources of electronic text have become really popular. With increasing penetration of internet, many forms of communication and interaction such as email, chat, newsgroups, blogs, discussion groups, scraps etc. have become increasingly popular. These generate huge amount of noisy text data everyday. Apart from these the other big contributors in the pool of electronic text documents are call centres and customer relationship management organizations in the form of call logs, call transcriptions, problem tickets, complaint emails etc., electronic text generated by Optical Character Recognition (OCR) process from hand written and printed documents and mobile text such as Short Message Service (SMS). Though the nature of each of these documents is different but there is a common thread between all of these—presence of noise. An example of information extraction is the extraction of instances of corporate mergers, more formally MergerBetween(company1,company2,date), from an online news sentence such as: “Yesterday, New-York based Foo Inc. announced their acquisition of Bar Corp.” Opinion(product1,good), from a blog post such as: “I absolutely liked the texture of SheetK quilts.” At superficial level, there are two ways for information extraction from noisy text. The first one is cleaning text by removing noise and then applying existing state of the art techniques for information extraction. There in lies the importance of techniques for automatically correcting noisy text. In this chapter, first we will review some work in the area of noisy text correction. The second approach is to devise extraction techniques which are robust with respect to noise. Later in this chapter, we will see how the task of information extraction is affected by noise.
Stress Intensity Factors for Anisotropic Fracture Test Specimens of Several Geometries (1974)

Stress intensity factors have been obtained for single-edge-notched, double-edge-notched, and double cantilever beam fracture toughness test specimens using a two-dimensional hybrid stress model finite element analysis. The degree of anisotropy is shown to have a significant effect on the stress intensity factor in some cases, with differing effects for different specimen shapes; however, effects of anisotropy are relatively constant for varying crack lengths of a given shape. An experimental K-calilbration for the double cantilever beam specimen is in good agreement with the analytical prediction, and the effect of geometry on the applied load to cause crack propagation is accurately predicted by the analysis.
Phase Synchronous Distributed Microwave Power Transmission System using Distributed PLL (2022)

In a microwave power transmission (MPT) system, distributed MPT (DMPT) is researched that achieve efficient power supply by performing precise beamforming using distributed transmitters installed in a wide range and simultaneously transmitting at the optimum phase. This study proposes a phase synchronizing method that provides a PLL in each transmitter and cascades the transmitters with low-frequency synchronous wiring. In addition, a transmitter configuration that generates a baseband signal using a low-cost DAC and realizes precise phase control is described. The manufactured transmitter had a phase setting accuracy of 0.5 degrees RMSE and an amplitude variation of 0.062 dB RMSE. Furthermore, in an experiment using eight transmitters, the phase noise was reduced by about 9 dB due to the distributed PLL configuration.
Electrical-thermal-optical equivalent circuit modeling of vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers for package-level simulation (2002)

In this paper, we report development of an equivalent-circuit electrical-thermal-optical (ETO) model for VCSELs suitable for coupling to package-level thermo-mechanical CAD software using Analogy's Saber state-of-the-art circuit simulator platform as an interface. The model treats the rate equations for the photon number S and the carrier number N combined with the thermal rate equation. The temperature dependence of the threshold current is partitioned into a constant value of threshold current under low-duty-cycle pulsed conditions and an empirical thermal offset current I/sub off/(T). For simplicity, I/sub off/(T) is modeled using a polynomial function of temperature.
Polysaccharide-Based Adhesive for Biomedical Applications: Correlation between Rheological Behavior and Adhesion (2011)

Adhesion to biological tissues is a challenge especially when the adhesive is in contact with physiological fluids. Abdominal hernia is a disease that often requires the implantation of a mesh within the abdominal wall. To minimize pain and postsurgical complications, gluing the mesh appears to be a convenient method. For this purpose, a bioadhesive system based on solutions of chitosan and modified starch (oxidized maltodextrin) has been developed. Mixtures of these polysaccharides form either viscoelastic solutions or hydrogels, depending on various experimental parameters (chitosan concentration, starch degree of oxidation, molar ratio between amine and aldehyde functions, pH, etc.). An adhesion test was developed to assess the adherence of such systems under conditions similar to the intended use. The rheological behavior of each formulation was correlated to its adherence, and it was found that optimum adhesion is obtained for systems exhibiting an intermediate behavior between the viscoelastic solution and the gel.
Material‐Efficient Microfluidic Platform for Exploratory Studies of Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis (2017)

Abstract We present an automated microfluidic platform for in‐flow studies of visible‐light photoredox catalysis in liquid or gas–liquid reactions at the 15 μL scale. An oscillatory flow strategy enables a flexible residence time while preserving the mixing and heat transfer advantages of flow systems. The adjustable photon flux made possible with the platform is characterized using actinometry. Case studies of oxidative hydroxylation of phenylboronic acids and dimerization of thiophenol demonstrate the capabilities and advantages of the system. Reaction conditions identified through droplet screening translate directly to continuous synthesis with minor platform modifications.
Effects of Calcium-Channel Blocker Benidipine-Based Combination Therapy on Cardiac Events　― Subanalysis of the COPE Trial ― (2017)

This subanalysis of the COPE trial demonstrated that blood pressure-lowering regimens combining benidipine with an ARB, β-blocker or thiazide diuretic were similarly effective for the prevention of cardiac events in Japanese hypertensive outpatients.
Low-leakage SRAM Design with Dual V_t Transistors (2006)

This paper presents a method based on dual threshold voltage assignment to reduce the leakage power dissipation of SRAMs while maintaining their performance. The proposed method is based on the observation that the read and write delays of a memory cell in an SRAM block depend on the physical distance of the cell from the sense amplifier and the decoder. The key idea is thus to realize and deploy different types of six-transistor SRAM cells corresponding to different threshold voltage assignments for individual transistors in the cell. Unlike other techniques for low-leakage SRAM design, the proposed technique incurs no area or delay overhead. In addition, it results only in a slight change in the SRAM design flow. Finally, it improves the static noise margin under process variations. Experimental results show that this technique can reduce the leakage-power dissipation of a 64Kb SRAM by more than 35%
Comparison of photorefractive damage effects in LiNbO3, LiTaO3, and Ba1−xSrxTiyNb2−yO6 optical waveguides at 488 nm wavelength (1997)

Photorefractive-induced damage effects at 488 nm wavelength in LiNbO3, LiTaO3, and Ba1−xSrxTiyNb2−yO6 (BSTN) optical waveguides are compared for the extraordinary mode of polarization. The damage effects are strongest in LiNbO3 and weakest in BSTN. At an input power density of 3000 W/cm2, the output power from passive channel waveguide in LiNbO3 is more than 12 dB lower than in BSTN. Optically induced index changes measured using a Fabry–Perot interferometric method show a nonlinear behavior with increasing input intensity for all these materials. For incident power densities greater than 200 W/cm2 on the waveguides, the optically induced index-change damage increases at a rate of 2.8×10−3 cm2/μW in LiNbO3, 4.9×10−4 cm2/μW in LiTaO3, and 3.1×10−4 cm2/μW in BSTN.