gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer-in-Layer Hierarchical Nanostructures Fabricated by Combining Holographic Polymerization and Block Copolymer Self-Assembly (2007)

We report the combination of top-down and bottom-up nanomanufacturing techniques to fabricate active, hierarchically structured volume reflection gratings. Holographic polymerization (H-P) formed lamellar structures of approximately 200 nm in thickness, confining a block copolymer (BCP) to approximately 100 nm domains. Subsequently, the BCP self-assembles into nanolayers with a period of approximately 21 nm. We envisage that this approach opens a gateway to fabricating hierarchical nanostructures at different length scales.
Parathyroid Hormone–Related Protein Upregulates Interleukin-1β–Induced Nitric Oxide Synthesis (1997)

The effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein on interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide production was studied in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Interleukin-1beta time- and dose-dependently enhanced the production of nitrite, a stable metabolite of nitric oxide. Parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) alone up to 10(-7) mol/L had no obvious effect, but significantly increased the cytokine-induced nitrite production. RNA analysis revealed that the synergistic effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) resulted from a potentiation of the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and GTP-cyclohydrolase I, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin, which is a cofactor of nitric oxide synthase. The increased nitric oxide release induced by interleukin-1beta or interleukin-1beta with parathyroid hormone-related protein(1-34) was completely inhibited by coincubation with 3x10(-3) mol/L N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine, a competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, or with 10(-3) mol/L 2,4-diamino-6-hydroxypyrimidine, an inhibitor of GTP-cyclohydrolase I. Endothelin-1 potentiated interleukin-1beta induction of nitric oxide, which might be mediated by endogenous parathyroid hormone-related protein. Neutralization of exogenous or endogenous parathyroid hormone-related protein with antibody attenuated the synergistic effect of parathyroid hormone-related protein, but did not affect interleukin-1beta induction of nitric oxide. These results suggest that locally produced parathyroid hormone-related protein acts as a synergistic regulator upregulating interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide synthesis in the cardiovascular system, and thereby may affect vascular tone and/or vascular remodeling after vascular injury in some pathological processes such as atherosclerosis and hypertension.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of the Latrunculins. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feasibility of a hybrid elastographic-microfluidic device to rapidly process and assess pancreatic cancer biopsies for pathologists (2014)

In this study, our collaborative research group explored the possibility of incorporating ultrasound elastography technology with a microfluidic device that is designed to prepare fine needle core biopsies (CBs; L=0.5-2.0 cm, D=0.4-1.2 mm) for pancreatic cancer diagnosis. For the first time, elastographic techniques were employed to measure shear wave velocity in fresh (3.7 m/s) and formalin-fixed (14.7 m/s) pancreatic CBs. Shear wave velocity did not vary whether fixed specimens were free on a microscope slide, or constrained within glass microfluidic channels: 11.5±1.9 v. 11.8±2.1 m/s. 4% agarose inclusions were also embedded within 1% agarose hydrogels to simulate cysts, neoplastic, or necrotic tissue within CBs. Inclusions were successfully visualized and measured using optical coherence elastography. These preliminary experiments demonstrate in a rudimentary fashion that elastographic measurements of pancreatic CBs may be incorporated with our microfluidic device. The rapid mapping of CB stiffness may provide qualitative spatial information for pathologists to determine a more accurate diagnosis for patients.
Strain Hardening of Polyethylene/Polypropylene Blends via Interfacial Reinforcement with Poly(ethylene-cb-propylene) Comb Block Copolymers (2017)

A poly(ethylene-cb-propylene) comb block copolymer (P(E-cb-P)), prepared by copolymerization of vinyl-terminated atactic polypropylene and ethylene, was used to compatibilize immiscible blends of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and isotactic polypropylene (iPP). Addition of 5 wt % P(E-cb-P) resulted in 5-fold microdomain size reductions and the concomitant increase in the elastic modulus, as typically observed in immiscible blends compatibilized with linear block copolymers. We report an unexpected phenomenon, namely, the development of extensional flow hardening by the addition of P(E-cb-P) to the HDPE/iPP blends. This unprecedented effect is stronger in blends with cocontinuous morphology (50/50 HDPE/iPP) than in blends with matrix-droplet morphology (75/25 or 25/75 HDPE/iPP). We postulate that the melt strength enhancement and extensional strain hardening observed in the compatibilized blends may arise from the interfacial stiffening as a result of the interfacial stitching by the P(E-cb-P) comb block copolymer. This interfacial stitched network acts as an elastic membrane that resists interfacial deformations. Entanglements of the PP comb arms with iPP generates interfacial stitches which, in turn, could lead to the stretching of the PE backbone of the P(E-cb-P) comb block at large interfacial deformations and, hence, extensional flow hardening.
An Approximate Solution for Symbol-Level Multiuser Precoding Using\n Support Recovery (2019)

In this paper, we propose a low-complexity method to approximately solve the\nSINR-constrained optimization problem of symbol-level precoding (SLP). First,\nassuming a generic modulation scheme, the precoding optimization problem is\nrecast as a standard non-negative least squares (NNLS). Then, we improve an\nexisting closed-form SLP (CF-SLP) scheme using the conditions for nearly\nperfect recovery of the optimal solution support, followed by solving a reduced\nsystem of linear equations. We show through simulation results that in\ncomparison with the CF-SLP method, the improved approximate solution of this\npaper, referred to as ICF-SLP, significantly enhances the performance with a\nnegligible increase in complexity. We also provide comparisons with a\nfast-converging iterative NNLS algorithm, where it is shown that the ICF-SLP\nmethod is comparable in performance to the iterative algorithm with a limited\nmaximum number of iterations. Analytic discussions on the complexities of\ndifferent methods are provided, verifying the computational efficiency of the\nproposed method. Our results further indicate that the ICF-SLP scheme performs\nquite close to the optimal SLP, particularly in the large system regime.\n
Spin-Peierls transitions in Heisenberg antiferromagnetic linear chain systems (1976)

First Page
Applications of crotyldiisopinocampheylboranes in synthesis: a formal total synthesis of (+)-calyculin A (2001)

The formal total synthesis of the marine metabolite (+)-calyculin A is reported. The key steps involve (i) the use of Brown allylboration chemistry to control the relative and absolute stereochemistry of homoallylic alcohol arrays, thus setting eight of the desired stereocenters; (ii) Stille coupling methodology in the construction of the cyano tetraene unit of the natural product; and (iii) a modified CornforthMeyers approach to the synthesis of the oxazole fragment.Key words: calyculin, marine natural product, phosphatase inhibitor, total synthesis, palladium catalyzed coupling reactions, allylboration reactions, aldol reactions, spiroketal, CornforthMeyers oxazole reaction.
Application of Bis-acetylenic Ketones in Synthesis:  One-Pot Preparation of the 1,2,4-Triazepine and Oxatriazaindenone Cores (2005)

Bis-acetylenic ketones were used to generate two heterocyclic templates. Two efficient one-pot procedures for the preparation of the triazepine and oxa-triazaindenone cores are described.
Spreading and solidification of liquid metal droplets on a substrate : Experiment, analytical model and numerical simulation (1999)

The comprehensive investigation that includes the experimental study, analytical modeling and numerical simulations of the fluid dynamics and heat transfer phenomena during the impingement of a liquid solder droplet upon a substrate was presented. The main motivation for this work was in the connection with the novel micromanufactacturing process called solder-drop-printing technology. It was shown that the features of the shape of solidified droplets deposited at conditions corresponding to the moderate Weber numbers is determined by the ratio of the time of droplet's solidification and period of oscillations for a liquid part of droplet. The analytical model ofliquid metal droplet's solidification was developed. The formulas for estimation of the characteristic time of droplet solidification and base geometrical parameters characterizing the shape of solidified droplets was offered. The theoretical study was based on the numerical solution of the Navier-Stokes equations describing the liquid droplet deformation process together with the relevant energy conservation equations that determine the heat transfer process and the moving of the solidification front. The numerical simulation data agreed well with the experimental results at all stages of the droplet spreading and solidification processes.
Validation of models for Laser Ultrasonic spectra as a function of the grain size in steel (2018)

To reduce costs of production and increase economic sustainability it is necessary to introduce quality assessment in an early stage in the manufacturing process. In an ongoing European project (Product Uniformity Control – PUC), the intention is to use ultrasonic information to assess microstructure parameters that are related to macroscale qualities such as mechanical properties. Laser induced ultrasonic technique (LUS) requires no media and can generate and detect ultrasonic information at some distance from the component. This technique is therefore addressed within this project as a solution to measure ultrasonic properties in an industrial environment. Mathematical modelling of the ultrasonic wave propagation problem has been used in order to get a deeper understanding of the physics and to identify ultrasonic properties that can be used as an indirect measurement of grain size. The use of both analytical and numerical models enabled extensive parametric studies together with investigation of ultrasonic interactions with well-defined individual microstructures. The LUS technique has previously been applied to e.g. monitor grain growth during thermomechanical processing of metals. These applications identified and used a correlation with the frequency content of the attenuation. This have been investigated as a possible indirect measurement of grain size, also in this project. The models have been used to verify the correlations and to evaluate different procedures that could be applied as an industrial solution. The suggested procedure is based on deconvolving two successive echoes and has been experimentally validated by two different LUS systems. The reference samples used in the validation were produced by changing the annealing temperature and time to obtain a variation in grain sizes. These grain sizes were then identified by EBSD and the samples were examined in terms of grain size influence on spectral attenuation
In-vitro evaluation of multi-objective hemodynamic control of heart-assist pump (2004)

Ventricular assist devices (VADs) now clinically used for treatment of end-stage heart failure require responsive and reliable control to accommodate the continually changing demands of the body. This is an essential ingredient to maintaining a high quality of life. To satisfy this need, a control algorithm involving a tradeoff between optimal perfusion and avoidance of suction is developed. An optimal control strategy has been implemented in-vitro that combines two competing indices: representing venous return and prevalence of suction. The former is derived from the first derivative of diastolic flow with speed, and the latter derived from the harmonic spectra of the flow signal. The responsiveness of the controller to change in preload and afterload were evaluated in a mock circulatory simulator using a maglev centrifugal blood pump (CF4b, MedQuest Products). To avoid the need for flow sensors, an estimator is utilized, based on the back-EMF of the actuator. The multi-objective controller has demonstrated more robust performance as compared to controllers relying on individual indices.
Suppression of acoustic effects in lithium niobate integrated-optical modulators (1990)

Acoustic effects can degrade the performance of LiNbO 3 integrated-optical modulators at frequencies below a few hundred MHz. Acoustic problems have been reported in traveling-wave modulators 1 and in lumped-element modulators using both baseband 2 and resonant 3 drive circuits. The most serious problem is the appearance of ripples in the frequency response owing to acoustic resonances, as shown in Fig. 1. These are typically sharp (as little as 100 kHz wide) and are polarization dependent. Acoustic interactions also cause frequency-dependent changes in the modulator electrode impedance; this causes problems primarily in resonant-matched devices. Finally, acoustic waves can cause cross talk between modulators on the same substrate. We report here the characterization of acoustic effects and methods for their reduction.
Stable donor engraftment following reduced intensity hematopoietic cell transplantation for sickle cell disease (2006)

Objective: Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) from sibling donors has been demonstrated to cure hemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease (SCD) and thalassemia. Concerns about high regimen related toxicity (RRT) have prevented the use of HCT in older patients, those with advanced organ damage or those without a HLA matched related donor. Also, potential for late sequelae such as chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infertility have limited the acceptance of this treatment even by eligible patients. HCT following a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen has the potential for reducing toxicity and potentially making this curative therapy more acceptable and applicable to this group of patients. Method: We initiated a pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HCT following a RIC regimen for patients with high risk hemoglobinopathies. We report stable long term engraftment with amelioration of clinical phenotype in the first five patients with SCD receiving unmodified bone marrow from a matched sibling donor, on this study. The conditioning regimen consisted of busulfan 2 mg/kg orally q12 hr × 2 days (0.8 mg/kg IV q 6 hr × 2 days for patient #3), fludarabine 35 mg/m2/dose IV daily × 5 days, antithymocyte globulin 30 mg/kg/dose IV daily × 5 days and total lymphoid irradiation administered as a single fraction of 500 cGy with shielding of the liver, lungs, heart, and gonads. Prophylaxis for GVHD consisted of cyclosporine A and mycophenolate mofetil. Results: Clinical characteristics and outcomes of subjects are summarized in Table 1. The preparative regimen was well tolerated with no serious infections or mucositis in any patient. All patients are free of sickle cell disease and have normal hemoglobin levels. No patient has had recurrence of previous sickle cell related symptoms. Lineage-specific chimerism analysis (patients #3, 4, 5) revealed predominance of donor erythropoiesis even in the setting of residual recipient cellular engraftment. These findings indicate that HCT for sickle cell disease following a RIC regimen is well tolerated and can lead to stable long term engraftment (Table 1).Table 1Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Patients with Sickle Cell Disease Undergoing BMTEngraftment Status % Donor (Mononuclear Cells/CD3+/Erythroid)PIN; Age (y) Indications for BMTFollow-up (d)Organ ToxicityANC <500 (d)GVHDD + 100D + 180D + 3601. 8 yrs. stroke, allosensitization2200None7None891001002. 8 yrs. repeated ACS1800None8Grade II Skin7581813. 6 yrs. repeated ACS, silent infarct800None9None75/30/10085/35/10081/45/1004. 8 years repeated ACS350None14None79/30/10071/58/100—5. 18 yrs stroke, allosensitization,345Mild13None100/100/100100/100/100— Open table in a new tab
Examining High Speed Data during Engine Transients (1985)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Transient tests, both on the testbed and in the vehicle, are an important part of modern engine test procedures. The tools to monitor and control engines over transients are discussed and some of the pertinent details of the Microprocessor Engine Controller and the High Speed Data Acquisition system are described, Application of these techniques are outlined and examples in the testing of both gasoline and diesel engines are discussed.&lt;/div&gt;
Harvesting piezoelectric potential from zinc oxide nanoflowers grown on textile fabric substrate (2013)

Abstract ZnO nanoflowers were synthesized on conductive flexible textile fabric substrate by using the simple low‐temperature aqueous chemical growth method and were used for piezoelectric energy harvesting source. Structural characterization of ZnO nanoflowers was carried out by using surface scanning electron microscopy and X‐ray diffraction. The ZnO nanoflowers are uniformly grown over the entire sample. They are composed of needle‐like nanorods, which have hexagonal wurtzite structure with good crystalline quality. The current–voltage characteristics showed good rectifying Schottky behaviour. Contact‐mode atomic force microscopy was used for measuring the piezoelectric output potential. The maximum output potential was found to be more than 600 mV and the corresponding current also recorded was near ∼650 nA. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
8×450-Gb/s, 50-GHz-Spaced, PDM-32QAM transmission over 400km and one 50GHz-grid ROADM (2011)

Employing Nyquist-pulse-shaped PDM-32QAM modulation and both pre- and post-transmission digital equalization, we demonstrate 50GHz-spaced, 8×450Gbits/s DWDM transmission over 4×100km of ultra-large-area fiber and one 50GHz-grid WSS-based ROADM at 8.37b/s/Hz spectral efficiency.
Redundancy and Analog Slicing for Precise In-Memory Machine Learning—Part I: Programming Techniques (2021)

In-memory computing (IMC) is receiving considerable interest for accelerating artificial intelligence (AI) tasks, such as neural network training and inference. However, IMC can also accelerate other machine learning (ML) and scientific computing problems, such as recommendation systems, regression, and PageRank, which are ubiquitous in datacenters. These applications typically have higher precision requirements than neural networks, which can challenge analog-based IMC and sacrifice some of the expected energy efficiency benefits. In this article, we address these challenges experimentally, presenting new techniques improving the accuracy of the solution of linear algebra problems, such as eigenvector extraction for PageRank, in a fully integrated circuit (IC) with analog resistive random access memory (RRAM) devices. Our custom redundancy algorithm can improve the programming accuracy by using multiple memory devices for representing a single matrix entry. Accuracy is further improved by error compensation with analog slicing, which allows an ever more precise value representation.
Influence of increment thickness on radiant energy and microhardness of bulk-fill resin composites (2017)

Determining the energy transferred at the bottom of eleven bulk-fill resin composites, comparing top and bottom microhardness's and evaluating the correlation between microhardness and radiant energy were aimed. Samples were placed over the bottom sensor of a visible light transmission spectrophotometer and polymerized for 20 s. The bottom and top Knoop microhardness were measured. Paired t-test and correlation analysis were used for statistics (p≤0.05). In all groups, the bottom radiant energy decreased significantly with increasing thickness. For groups of Aura 2 mm, X-tra Fil 2 and 4 mm, SDR 2 and 4 mm, X-tra Base 2 mm no significant difference was found between top and bottom microhardness. For the bottom levels of Aura, X-tra Fil, Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior, SDR, X-tra Base groups no significant difference was found between the microhardness's of 2 and 4 mm thicknesses. For X-tra Fil, Tetric Evo Ceram Bulk-Fill, Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable and Z100 groups radiant energy affected positively the microhardness.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Behavior of 3,4:10,11‐Bis(2′,3′‐quinolino)tricyclo(6.3.0.02,6)undecane Upon Attempted Monoprotonation with Triflic Acid. (1990)

Abstract The title compound (IIIa) (space group P1 with Z=4) and its methoxy derivative (IIIb) are prepared by Friedlaender condensation.
A deep learning approach for predicting severity of COVID-19 patients using a parsimonious set of laboratory markers (2021)

The SARS-CoV-2 virus has caused tremendous healthcare burden worldwide. Our focus was to develop a practical and easy-to-deploy system to predict the severe manifestation of disease in patients with COVID-19 with an aim to assist clinicians in triage and treatment decisions. Our proposed predictive algorithm is a trained artificial intelligence-based network using 8,427 COVID-19 patient records from four healthcare systems. The model provides a severity risk score along with likelihoods of various clinical outcomes, namely ventilator use and mortality. The trained model using patient age and nine laboratory markers has the prediction accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.78, 95% CI: 0.77-0.82, and the negative predictive value NPV of 0.86, 95% CI: 0.84-0.88 for the need to use a ventilator and has an accuracy with AUC of 0.85, 95% CI: 0.84-0.86, and the NPV of 0.94, 95% CI: 0.92-0.96 for predicting in-hospital 30-day mortality.
Concussion in Professional Football: Reconstruction of Game Impacts and Injuries (2003)

Concussion occurs with considerable head impact velocity and velocity changes in professional football. Current National Operating Committee on Standards for Athletic Equipment standards primarily address impacts to the periphery and crown of the helmet, whereas players are experiencing injuries in impacts to the facemask, side, and back of the helmet. New tests are needed to assess the performance of helmets in reducing concussion risks involving high-velocity and long-duration injury biomechanics.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis Towards Microcystins and Related Toxins. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Breast US Computer-aided Diagnosis System: Robustness across Urban Populations in South Korea and the United States (2009)

The few observed statistically significant differences in performance indicated that while the US features used by the system were useful across the databases, their relative importance differed. In practice, this means that a CAD system may need to be adjusted when applied to a different population.