gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Search space reduction strategies for unit commitment problem (2016)

In electricity markets, independent system operators solve the unit commitment (UC) problem to determine the on/off status of generating units with respect to the day-ahead load forecast. However, as the size of power systems grows, computational complexity of the UC problem drastically increases. In this paper, based on the greedy adaptive search procedure (GRASP) technique, we propose a novel heuristic algorithm to reduce the number of variables and constraints in the day-ahead unit commitment problem. Once the size of the problem is reduced, we employ a state-of-the-art mixed integer programing method to solve the problem. The numerical results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Linear Approximations for the Influence of Phasor Angle Difference Errors on Line Parameter Calculation (2019)

Phase angle measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs) may have errors that can significantly affect line parameter calculation. In this paper, approximate expressions for the influence of phase angle difference errors on line parameter calculation are derived. Specifically, first the PMU phase angle error at both ends of a line is analyzed and an equivalent synchronization error is defined; second, approximated expressions for the influence of current and voltage phase angle difference error on the line parameters are derived. The voltage amplitude ratio on the relative error of line reactance, resistance, and capacitance measurement through the π-type equivalent model are considered. The influence of voltage and current phase angle difference error on reactance and resistance is shown from the perspective of relative sensitivity. The relative sensitivity expressions in active power form are given and the identifiable conditions of line reactance parameters based on PMU data are given. In addition, this paper presents the influence mechanism of voltage magnitude and discusses the case of synchronization issue. Finally, the accuracy of the sensitivity equations is verified by simulations, and the influence of the voltage amplitude ratio and the line flow on the identification result is quantitatively analyzed.
Synthesis and Conformational Analysis of Heterogeneous Cyclic Oligomers of 6‐Amino‐6‐deoxygalactonic Acid and Phenylalanine (2012)

Abstract A series of heterogeneous oligomers based on the sugar ϵ‐amino acid 6‐amino‐6‐deoxygalactonic acid and D ‐ or L ‐phenylalanine have been synthesised and cyclised. The resulting cyclic heterogeneous oligomers have been analysed by molecular dynamics and NMR spectroscopy to describe their conformational and topological features. These initial studies have provided valuable insight into the structural properties of these cyclopeptides.
Acridinium salts as photoredox organocatalysts for photomediated cationic RAFT and DT polymerizations of vinyl ethers (2021)

A series of acridinium salts with high excited-state oxidative power are employed as photoredox organocatalysts for photomediated cationic RAFT and DT polymerizations under visible light.
Photochemical Lithography:  Creation of Patterned, Acid Chloride Functionalized Surfaces Using UV Light and Gas-Phase Oxalyl Chloride (2003)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPhotochemical Lithography: Creation of Patterned, Acid Chloride Functionalized Surfaces Using UV Light and Gas-Phase Oxalyl ChlorideG. A. Husseini, T. L. Niederhauser, J. G. Peacock, M. R. Vernon, Y.-Y. Lua, M. C. Asplund, E. T. Sevy, and M. R. LinfordView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah 84602 Cite this: Langmuir 2003, 19, 11, 4856–4858Publication Date (Web):April 22, 2003Publication History Received7 November 2002Revised19 February 2003Published online22 April 2003Published inissue 1 May 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la020896ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/la020896gbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Anions,Carbon,Functionalization,Monolayers Get e-Alerts
Antimicrobial dichloroisocyanurate-salts for controlled release of chlorine (2023)

Sodium dichloroisocyanurate (Na-DCC), a disinfectant known for rapid decomposition in water, loses its effectiveness with complete release of free available chlorine (FAC) in under an hour. To overcome this, a series of chlorine rich transition metal complexes/tetrabutylammonium (TBA) salts of DCC, including 2Na[Cu(DCC)<sub>4</sub>], 2Na[Fe(DCC)<sub>4</sub>], 2Na[Co(DCC)<sub>4</sub>]·6H<sub>2</sub>O, 2Na[Ni(DCC)<sub>4</sub>]·6H<sub>2</sub>O, and TBA[DCC]·4H<sub>2</sub>O have been developed for extended chlorine release studies. The DCC-salts are synthesized based on the metathesis reaction process and are characterized using IR, NMR, CHN analyses, TGA,DSC, and Lovi bond colorimeter. The DCC-salts displayed poor water solubility and low decomposition chlorine release profile compared to Na-DCC. The water solubility of DCC-salts was reduced by a factor of 5.37 to 2500 compared to Na-DCC. The decomposition release of FAC from DCC-salts has been studied over time in comparison to Na-DCC in distilled water using a Lovi-bond colorimeter. DCC-salts displayed controlled FAC release profiles that varied from 1-13 days depending on the type of metal/TBA unit in them, whereas the parent Na-DCC displayed complete FAC release in about 0.91 h. For a proof of concept, the controlled release of metal from one of the DCC-metal complex salts, <i>i.e.</i>, copper from the Cu-DCC is also investigated with a function of time in distilled water at RT. The 100% release of copper from Cu-DCC was identified over a period of 10 days. In addition, the applicability of DCC-salts as excellent antiviral agents against the bacteriophage T4 and antibacterial agents against Erwinia, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PA014 (Gram-negative), and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i> (Gram-positive) compared to Na-DCC has been demonstrated.
Synthesis of (-)-Thespesone (2010)

(-)-Thespesone was isolated in 1983, but the structure was not elucidated until 2004. Both (-)-thespesone and the unnatural (+)-enantiomer were synthesized, but the naturally occurring isomer was more active against six ­cancer cell lines.
24. Widespread and Efficient Gene Delivery to the Heart and Liver Using AAV Serotype 9: Implications for Cardiovascular Disease and Hemophilia (2006)

Heart disease remains one of the most prominent health challenges. Gene therapy may provide an alternative treatment to attain functional correction of the damaged heart. However, gene delivery into the heart has been particularly challenging which was least partly due to the inability to achieve widespread gene transfer following localized intra-cardiac delivery of gene transfer vectors, which typically remain confined to the injection site. The present study shows that a single intravenous injection of an adeno-associated viral vector derived from the human serotype 9 (AAV9) resulted in unprecedented and widespread transduction of the heart in adult mice. Almost the entire heart was GFP positive as up to 90% of the cardiomyocytes were predominantely transduced. Transduction efficiency was far greater than with any other gene delivery system described so far, including lentiviral and HC-Ad vectors, and obviated the use of neonatal recipients or the need for pharmacologic intervention to enhance vector penetration into the heart tissue. The use of AAV9 was not associated with any apparent side-effects, consistent with the lack of immune complications or pro- inflammatory cytokine induction (IL-6, TNF) following gene delivery. Moreover, AAV9 also resulted in highly efficient gene transfer into the liver paving the way towards improved gene therapeutics for liver disease and for production of therapeutically relevant proteins that are secreted into the circulation. As proof-of- concept, an AAV9 vector encoding human clotting factor IX (FIX) was generated and injected into hemophilia B mice. This resulted in stable therapeutic levels of factor IX (100 μg/ml, i.e. 20-fold higher than normal levels) which far exceeded levels obtained using the prototypical AAV2 serotype that has been used previously in clinical trials. No neutralizing antibodies against transgene-endoded FIX could be detected. Hepatic FIX expression may provide an attractive alternative to ectopic FIX expression (e.g. in muscle), which we showed resulted in abnormal post-translational glycosylations and impaired propeptide cleavage of the transgene-encoded FIX protein . The present study identifies a highly efficient and safe means to deliver genes to the heart and liver using AAV9, which may overcome the current challenges that hamper progress to treat genetic or acquired heart disease and bleeding disorders. Moreover, the use of AAV9 opens up a new platform technology for screening or validating promising new therapeutic leads or for the rapid generation of animal models of human heart disorders that could be used to validate new pharmacologic agents.
Optical and Structural Characterization of Ga(In)N Three-Dimensional Nanostructures Grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (1999)

We report on structural and optical properties of self-assembling GaN and InN three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures grown by a vapor–liquid–solid mechanism on GaAs(311) and Al2O3(0001) substrates. Characterization was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) and cathodoluminescence (CL). SEM analysis has shown that the GaN 3D nanostructures grow up in the shape of nano-columns regularly distributed on the planar GaN layer surface, while the 3D InN nanostructures form more complex inverted cones. Luminescence spectra of the GaN 3D nano-columns are dominated by the emissions at 3.46 and 3.26 eV related to donor-bound-exciton and donor–acceptor pair recombination, respectively. CL measurements have revealed two emission lines at 2.4 and 2.2 eV originated from the InN 3D nanostructures.
Development of a Highly Selective Fluorescence Probe for Hydrogen Sulfide (2011)

Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) has recently been identified as a biological response modifier. Here, we report the design and synthesis of a novel fluorescence probe for H(2)S, HSip-1, utilizing azamacrocyclic copper(II) ion complex chemistry to control the fluorescence. HSip-1 showed high selectivity and high sensitivity for H(2)S, and its potential for biological applications was confirmed by employing it for fluorescence imaging of H(2)S in live cells.
Integrated multi-omics analysis reveals common and distinct dysregulated pathways for genetic subtypes of Frontotemporal Dementia (2021)

<title>Abstract</title> Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is essential for the development of successful therapies. Here we integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analyses of postmortem human brains of FTD patients with mutations in MAPT, GRN and C9orf72 and detected common and distinct dysregulated cellular pathways between patient groups. Our results highlight that excitatory neurons are the most vulnerable neuronal cell type and that vascular aberrations are a common hallmark in FTD. Via integration of multi-omics data, we detected several transcription factors and pathways which regulate the strong neuroinflammation observed in FTD-GRN. Small RNA-seq data and verification experiments in cellular models identified up-regulated miRNAs that inhibit cellular trafficking pathways in FTD and lead to microglial activation. These findings shed light on novel mechanistic and pathophysiological hallmarks of FTD. The data represent the 1st phase of a multi-omics, multi-model data resource for FTD research which allows in-depth molecular research into disease mechanisms that will further mechanistic FTD research.
Substrate Inhibition Kinetics of Phenol Biodegradation (2000)

Phenol biodegradation was studied in batch experiments using an acclimated inoculum and initial phenol concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.3 g/L. Phenol depletion and associated microbial growth were monitored over time to provide information that was used to estimate the kinetics of phenol biodegradation. Phenol inhibited biodegradation at high concentrations, and a generalized substrate inhibition model based on statistical thermodynamics was used to describe the dynamics of microbial growth in phenol. For experimental data obtained in this study, the generalized substrate inhibition model reduced to a form that is analogous to the Andrews equation, and the biokinetic parameters max , maximum specific growth; K s' , saturation constant; and K i' , inhibition constant were estimated as 0.251 h 2 1 , 0.011 g/L, and 0.348 g/L, respectively, using a nonlinear least squares technique. Given the wide variability in substrate inhibition models used to describe phenol biodegradation, an attempt was made to justify selection of a particular model based on theoretical considerations. Phenol biodegradation data from nine previously published studies were used in the generalized substrate inhibition model to determine the appropriate form of the substrate inhibition model. In all nine cases, the generalized substrate inhibition model reduced to a form analogous to the Andrews equation suggesting the suitability of the Andrews equation to describe phenol biodegradation data.
ENCAPSULATION OF VEGETABLE OILS BY MINIEMULSION POLYMERIZATION: MATHEMATICAL MODELING (2015)

Miniemulsion polymerization reactions of MMA were conducted with encapsulation of vegetable oils, using different types (linseed and andiroba oil) and amounts of oils. It was observed a decrease in the reaction rate that was proportional to the number of double bonds present in the oil. Polymers with lower molecular weights were obtained when oils with higher number of double bonds were used. A mathematical model was developed to represent the kinetics of these reactions, including all the other kinetic mechanisms associated to free radical miniemulsion polymerization. The model was able to predict the variation in the polymerization reaction rate depending on the type and amount of the vegetable oil.
Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I-Deficient NOD-B2mnull Mice are Diabetes and Insulitis Resistant (1994)

Specific allelic combinations within the class II region of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) represent a major genetic component for susceptibility to autoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) in humans. We produced and used a stock of NOD/Lt mice congenic for a functionally inactivated β2-microglobulin (B2mnull) locus to assess whether there was an absolute requirement for MHC class I expression and/or CD8+ T-cells in diabetogenesis. These NOD-B2mnull mice do not express cell surface MHC class I molecules or produce detectable levels of CD8+ T-cells and are diabetes and insulitis resistant. Previous results from transgenic mouse models indicated that intracellular accumulation of MHC class I molecules negatively affects pancreatic β-cell function and can result in the development of nonautoimmune insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). MHC class I molecules have been shown to accumulate intracellularly in the presence of a disrupted B2m locus, but this mutation does not negatively affect plasma insulin levels in either NOD/Lt mice or in those of a mixed 129 and C57BL/6 genetic background. Interestingly, 14% of the male mice in this mixed background did develop hyperinsulinemia (&amp;gt; 1,500 pM) independent of the disrupted B2m locus, suggesting that these mice could conceivably develop insulin-resistant diabetes. However, none of these mice became diabetic at up to 22 months of age. Thus, elimination of cell surface MHC class I expression with a disrupted B2m gene blocks autoimmune diabetes in NOD/Lt mice, without engendering a separate, distinct form of glucose intolerance.
General Method for the Expedient Synthesis of Salt-Free Diorganozinc Reagents Using Zinc Methoxide (2008)

The effect of counterions has a great impact on the solubility of magnesium salts in Et2O. By reacting Zn(OMe)2 with readily available Grignard reagents, it was possible to induce the complete precipitation of magnesium salts and then obtain salt-free diorganozinc reagents after centrifugation/filtration. This practical method to generate dialkylzinc reagents as well as mixed diorganozinc reagents was successfully tested in various catalytic enantioselective reactions, proving the purity of the product and its synthetic usefulness.
Data from Low-Calcium Serum-Free Defined Medium Selects for Growth of Normal Prostatic Epithelial Stem Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Stage-specific differentiation markers were used to evaluate the cellular composition and the origin of nonimmortalized (PrEC) and immortalized (PZ-HPV7, CA-HPV10, RWPE-1, and 957E/hTERT) human prostate cell lines. These studies documented that immortalized and nonimmortalized prostate epithelial cells established and maintained in low (i.e., &lt;300 μmol/L) Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; serum-free defined (SFD) medium were all derived from normal nonmalignant prostate tissues and contain CD133&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/ABCG2&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Hi&lt;/sup&gt;/p63&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/PSCA&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/AR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/PSA&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; prostate stem cells. In these cultures, prostate stem cells are able to self-renew and generate two distinct cell lineages: the minor proliferatively quiescent neuroendocrine lineage and the major transit-amplifying cell lineage. Subsequently, CD133&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/ABCG2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Hi&lt;/sup&gt;/p63&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/PSCA&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/AR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/PSA&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; transit-amplifying cells proliferate frequently and eventually mature into proliferatively quiescent CD133&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/ABCG2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Lo&lt;/sup&gt;/p63&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/PSCA&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/AR&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/PSA&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; intermediate cells. Such proliferatively quiescent intermediate cells, however, do not complete their full maturation into CD133&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/ABCG2&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/α&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;β&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;Lo&lt;/sup&gt;/p63&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/PSCA&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/AR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/PSA&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; luminal-secretory cells in low Ca&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; SFD medium. Addition of universal type I IFN and synthetic androgen (R1881) to culture medium resulted in up-regulation of androgen receptor protein expression. However, it failed to induce full differentiation of intermediate cells into AR&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/PSA&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; luminal-secretory cells. Our results indicate that such inability of prostate epithelial cells to complete their differentiation is due to continuous expression of Notch-1 receptor and its downstream effector, Hey-1 protein, which actively suppresses differentiation via its ability to transcriptionally repress a series of genes, including the GATA family of transcription factors. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(17): 8598-607)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Maximum Safe Concentration (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
A 12b 61dB SNDR 300MS/s SAR ADC with inverter-based preamplifier and common-mode-regulation DAC in 14nm CMOS FinFET (2017)

A 300MS/s 12b SAR ADC achieving 61.6dB peak SNDR is presented. It reaches 60.5dB SNDR and 78.7dB SFDR with 0.8V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</inf> , <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">diff</inf> input amplitude at Nyquist. The key elements are a comparator with inverter-based preamplifier and a SAR-based common-mode regulation. The regulation adjusts the common mode on a sample-by-sample basis to improve common-mode rejection. The ADC consumes 7.0mW from a single 0.85V supply, where 3.7mW is contributed by the reference buffer.
A first demonstration and analysis of the biprimary color system for reflective displays (2014)

Abstract A new biprimary color system is demonstrated for single‐layer reflective displays, capturing much of the improved color performance of multilayer displays while potentially maintaining single‐layer display advantages in high resolution and faster switching. Electrophoretic pixels were operated with dual‐particle complementary‐colored dispersions such as green/magenta (G/M). Using simple interdigitated three‐electrode architecture, four colored states (KWGM) were achieved with a preliminary contrast ratio of 10 : 1. Furthermore, biprimary ink dispersions were shown to be functional in a more advanced electrokinetic pixel structure. A full‐color biprimary pixel contains three complementary subpixels (G/M, B/Y, R/C), and the requisite electrophoretic ink dispersions were also formulated and spectrally characterized in this work. Lastly, theoretical color space mapping confirms that the biprimary concept provides twice the brightness and twice the color fraction compared with the conventional RGBW subpixel approach, and that the biprimary concept can approach performance close to that of magazine print (Specifications for Web‐Offset Print).