gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Independent Instrumental Case Studies: Allowing for the Autonomy of Cultural, Social and Business Networks in Tanzania (2012)

Tourism is being utilized as a key economic development tool of the 21st century. Serious concern over the benefit of tourism for the poor has contributed to discussion on community involvement and community participation in contemporary literature. In particular, sustainable development has become a way to address the long-term viability of income and employment in least-developed countries while attempting to preserve traditional customs and culture in the face of globalization. Sustainability refers to finding solutions to poverty without compromising the natural and cultural resource base needed by future generations to pursue their own economic goals. This task requires attention to the economic, cultural and social needs of all groups while focusing on solutions that are also viable for the long term (Bramwell, 2001; Davidson, 2007; Mfaume &amp; Leonard, 2004). It is also important to note that social structures and cultural references vary noticeably within countries and regions. Therefore, three separate, independent instrumental case studies (also known as collective case studies) were conducted in three distinct Tanzanian communities in or around tourism destinations. The objective was to allow for the autonomy of specific cultural, social and business networks to be reflected in the research methodology.Case studies allow for the investigation of constraints to economic participation within real-life experiences, as there is no clear distinction between the phenomenon and the context. Instrumental case studies strive to develop theory, or in this case, facilitate understanding of pervasive problems and do not require typical study populations (Stake, 1995). An instrumental case study is utilized where a ‘particular case is examined mainly to provide insight’ into a phenomenon and the case supports understanding of the phenomenon (Denzin &amp; Lincoln, 2005). The emphasis is placed on specific issues rather than on the case itself. The case in then used as a vehicle to develop a better understanding of the situation or problem (Stake, 2003). Single case studies are ideal for investigating a phenomenon that has not been previously studied and can make a significant contribution to knowledge (Yin, 2003). Since constraints to economic participation within Tanzania have not yet been empirically studied, each individual case study is exploratory in nature.Once the specific case studies were independently derived and themes developed, a cross-case comparison offered insight into reoccurring themes or case-specific constraints. Using an iterative process, the strength of this methodology lies in the inductive approach that provides suggestive rather than definitive analysis (Welch, 1994). The first phase of analysis results in ‘within’ themes specific to a particular region. Using cross-case comparisons, emergent patterns provide similarities and differences between the three communities.
Identification of Heme Oxygenase-1 As a Novel BCR/ABL-Dependent Survival Factor in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2004)

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a stem cell disease in which BCR/ABL promotes the survival of leukemic cells. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is an inducible stress protein that catalyzes the degradation of heme and has recently been implicated in the regulation of growth and survival of various neoplastic cells. In the present study, we analyzed the expression and role of HO-1 in CML cells. As assessed by Northern and Western blot analysis as well as immunostaining, primary CML cells were found to express HO-1 mRNA and the HO-1 protein in a constitutive manner. Exposure of these cells to the BCR/ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor STI571 resulted in decreased expression of HO-1 mRNA and protein. In addition, BCR/ABL was found to up-regulate HO-1 promoter activity, mRNA levels, and protein levels in Ba/F3 cells. To investigate the role of HO-1 for survival of primary CML cells, the HO-1 inducer hemin was used. Hemin-induced expression of HO-1 was found to protect CML cells from STI571-induced cell death. In addition, inhibition of HO-1 by zinc-(II)-deuteroporphyrin-IX-2,4-bisethyleneglycol resulted in a substantial decrease of cell viability. Furthermore, overexpression of HO-1 in the CML-derived cell line K562 was found to counteract STI571-induced apoptosis. Together, our data identify HO-1 as a novel BCR/ABL-driven survival molecule and potential target in leukemic cells in patients with CML. The pathogenetic and clinical implications of this observation remain to be elucidated.
Nanocopying of Individual DNA Strands and Formation of the Corresponding Surface Pattern of Titania Nanotube (2005)

Titania nanotube was prepared by nanocopying of the individual DNA double strand as template. DNA was first spread on a solid substrate, and its molecular surface was coated with an ultrathin titania layer by 3 cycles of the surface sol-gel process. Fluorescence microscopic images before and after titania coating of the DNA/YOYO-1 complex were essentially identical, showing that the titania coating did not change the chemical properties of the complex. Titania coating effectively prohibited chemical degradation of titania-coated DNA with DNase I and physically separated the DNA strand from the surrounding environment with an ultrathin titania barrier. The morphology of the DNA strand was preserved, as confirmed by microscopic and spectroscopic observations. The presence of the hollow (tubular) structure was confirmed by a silver staining experiment coupled with scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (STEM-EDX) analysis. The present finding shows the effectiveness of nanocopying of the individual DNA strand.
The internet of things : lesson from other SDOs (2011)

The internet of things : lesson from other SDOs
Synthesis of Aminooxy‐Functionalized Lanthanide(III) Chelates for Carbonyl‐Group Conjugation (2006)

The syntheses of three new aminooxy-tethered lanthanide(III) chelates, compounds 1-3, incorporating DOTA (= 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid), DTPA (= diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), or a substituted terpyridine (2,2',2'',2'''-[2,2': 6',2''-terpyridine-6,6''-diylbis(methylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid), respectively, are described. Reagents 1-3 can be used for carbonyl 'labeling', as shown by the formation of the corresponding oxime-ether bioconjugates of naltrexone (16) and 2-deoxy-beta-D-glucose (17) (Scheme 4).
LDPUF: Exploiting DRAM Latency Variations to Generate Robust Device Signatures. (2018)

Physically Unclonable Functions (PUFs) are potential security blocks to generate unique and more secure keys in low-cost cryptographic applications. Memories have been popular candidates for PUFs because of their prevalence in the modern electronic systems. However, the existing techniques of generating device signatures from DRAM is very slow, destructive (destroy the current data), and disruptive to system operation. In this paper, we propose latency-based (precharge) PUF which exploits DRAM precharge latency to generate signatures. Our proposed methodology for key generation is fast, robust, least disruptive, and non-destructive. The silicon results from DDR3 chips show that the proposed key generation technique is at least ~4,300X faster than the existing approaches, while reliably reproducing the key in extreme operating conditions.
Supercapacitori: Materiali e configurazioni innovative (2008)

Per le esclusive caratteristiche di elevata potenza specifica e lunga vita di ciclo dell’ordine di 105 cicli i supercapacitori rappresentano un’importante risorsa tecnologica per un’efficiente distribuzione e utilizzo dell’energia. I supercapacitori possono diventare sistemi di scelta per garantire continuità di fornitura, affidabilità e qualità di rete, particolarmente in vista di una larga integrazione nelle reti di generatori di energia elettrica da fonti rinnovabili intermittenti quali eolico e solare. Nell’ambito del trasporto energia e potenza specifiche, vita di ciclo, sicurezza, e temperature operative sono parametri guida per la selezione del sistema elettrochimico di accumulo/conversione per lo sviluppo di veicoli ibridi e/o elettrici, e i supercapacitori sono considerati particolarmente promettenti per un trasporto pesante, soggetto a ripetute e frequenti fermate e partenze come nel caso delle linee di trasporto pubblico urbano. I supercapacitori inoltre possono essere abbinati in veicoli ibridi e/o elettrici a batterie o celle a combustibile nell’ottica di permettere a questi ultimi sistemi elettrochimici un’operatività in regimi ottimali e di ottenere una riduzione dei consumi ed emissioni inquinanti. Pertanto la ricerca è indirizzata allo sviluppo di materiali elettrodici ed elettrolitici e di configurazioni innovative per supercapacitori di prestazioni in termini energetici sempre crescenti con attenzione al costo e alla sicurezza dei materiali, soprattutto in relazione alle temperature di utilizzo. Questa presentazione intende presentare gli avanzamenti raggiunti in tale ambito ponendo particolare enfasi su materiali elettrodici carboniosi ed elettroliti a base di liquidi ionici.
A Therapeutic Wireless Capsule for Treatment of Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage by Balloon Tamponade Effect (2016)

To our best knowledge, this is the first study that demonstrated the potential to treat GI haemorrhage by an inflatable WCE. The proposed capsule enables the development of a closed-loop system based on a body sensor network to provide early treatment of GI bleeding for p-medicine.
Machine Learning Applied to Zeolite Synthesis: The Missing Link for Realizing High-Throughput Discovery (2019)

Zeolites are microporous crystalline materials with well-defined cavities and pores, which can be prepared under different pore topologies and chemical compositions. Their preparation is typically defined by multiple interconnected variables (e.g., reagent sources, molar ratios, aging treatments, reaction time and temperature, among others), but unfortunately their distinctive influence, particularly on the nucleation and crystallization processes, is still far from being understood. Thus, the discovery and/or optimization of specific zeolites is closely related to the exploration of the parametric space through trial-and-error methods, generally by studying the influence of each parameter individually. In the past decade, machine learning (ML) methods have rapidly evolved to address complex problems involving highly nonlinear or massively combinatorial processes that conventional approaches cannot solve. Considering the vast and interconnected multiparametric space in zeolite synthesis, coupled with our poor understanding of the mechanisms involved in their nucleation and crystallization, the use of ML is especially timely for improving zeolite synthesis. Indeed, the complex space of zeolite synthesis requires drawing inferences from incomplete and imperfect information, for which ML methods are very well-suited to replace the intuition-based approaches traditionally used to guide experimentation. In this Account, we contend that both existing and new ML approaches can provide the "missing link" needed to complete the traditional zeolite synthesis workflow used in our quest to rationalize zeolite synthesis. Within this context, we have made important efforts on developing ML tools in different critical areas, such as (1) data-mining tools to process the large amount of data generated using high-throughput platforms; (2) novel complex algorithms to predict the formation of energetically stable hypothetical zeolites and guide the synthesis of new zeolite structures; (3) new "ab initio" organic structure directing agent predictions to direct the synthesis of hypothetical or known zeolites; (4) an automated tool for nonsupervised data extraction and classification from published research articles. ML has already revolutionized many areas in materials science by enhancing our ability to map intricate behavior to process variables, especially in the absence of well-understood mechanisms. Undoubtedly, ML is a burgeoning field with many future opportunities for further breakthroughs to advance the design of molecular sieves. For this reason, this Account includes an outlook of future research directions based on current challenges and opportunities. We envision this Account will become a hallmark reference for both well-established and new researchers in the field of zeolite synthesis.
Plasma Levels of Mitochondrial DNA in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department With Sepsis (2012)

Elevated levels of plasma mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) have been reported in trauma patients and may contribute to the systemic immune response. We sought to determine the plasma levels of mtDNA in emergency department (ED) patients with and without sepsis and evaluate their association with severity of illness. This was a prospective observational study of patients presenting to one of three large, urban, tertiary care EDs. Patients were enrolled into one of three cohorts: (i) sepsis defined as suspected infection and two or more systemic inflammatory response criteria without hypotension, (ii) septic shock defined as sepsis plus hypotension despite an adequate fluid challenge, and (iii) control defined as noninfected ED patients without systemic inflammatory response/hypotension. Plasma levels of three mtDNAs were measured using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Levels of mtDNAs were compared among the three cohorts, and linear regression was used to assess the association between mtDNAs, interleukin 6, interleukin 10, and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores in patients with sepsis. We enrolled 93 patients: 24 control subjects, 29 patients with sepsis, and 40 patients with septic shock. As expected, comorbidities and SOFA score increased across categories. We found no difference in mtDNA levels between the three groups (P = 0.14-0.30). Among patients with sepsis, we found a small but significant negative association between mtDNA level and SOFA score, most clearly with cytochrome b (P = 0.03). We found no difference in mtDNA levels between control subjects and patients with sepsis. Mitochondrial DNA levels were negatively associated with organ dysfunction, suggesting that plasma mtDNA does not significantly contribute to the pathophysiology of sepsis.
Piezoelectric Hydraulic Pump System Dynamic Model (2001)

A system dynamic model was developed for use in the design of piezohydraulic pumps. The model was implemented in MATLAB to predict the electrical/mechanical/fluid coupled behavior of the piezoelectric pump system. Model results were used in a performance assessment of a pumping system that was comprised of a stack actuator driven pump, accumulator, power supply, four-way valve, and hydraulic actuator. The model provided reasonable predictions of performance. Rate effects at higher voltage and frequency reduced pressure and flow rate performance. The heat generation of the piezoelectric stack actuator, flow resistance of the check valves, and compressibility of the fluid contributed to bandwidth limitations.
Self-Assembly of Polyisoprenoyl Gemcitabine Conjugates: Influence of Supramolecular Organization on Their Biological Activity (2014)

An amphiphilic prodrug of gemcitabine, a cytidine analogue used clinically against various tumors, had been previously synthesized by covalent coupling to squalene, a natural isoprenoid chain. The resulting bioconjugate self-assembled spontaneously in water as nanoparticles, displaying an impressive activity both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the length of the isoprene moiety on the structure of the nanoparticles, in an attempt to establish a relationship between the chemical structure of the prodrug, its supramolecular organization, and its pharmacological activity. Remarkably, gemcitabine-squalene and gemcitabine-5-isoprenes, which differ only in the position of two methyl groups on the hydrophobic chain, displayed different supramolecular organizations and different anticancer activities on some cell lines. This difference in activity was related to the ability of nanoparticles to be internalized by cells.
SIP5: Understanding and Controlling Instrumented Physical Systems:Modeling is Complex, but Optimization is Easy (2005)

We address two of the canonical problems in sensor networks: data integrity and computational sensing. Due to the large scale and distributed nature of sensor networks, their heterogeneous node structure, cost and power constraints, operation in unpredictable and unconditioned (and often harsh) environmental surroundings and inherent unreliability of sensors sensor networks often collect data with errors, faults and missing samples. We have developed a generic approach for both tasks that has three phase: (i) statistical modeling, (ii) prediction, and (iii) fusion and analysis.
Hydrochemical processes in lowland rivers: insights from in situ, high-resolution monitoring (2012)

Abstract. This paper introduces new insights into the hydrochemical functioning of lowland river systems using field-based spectrophotometric and electrode technologies. The streamwater concentrations of nitrogen species and phosphorus fractions were measured at hourly intervals on a continuous basis at two contrasting sites on tributaries of the River Thames – one draining a rural catchment, the River Enborne, and one draining a more urban system, The Cut. The measurements complement those from an existing network of multi-parameter water quality sondes maintained across the Thames catchment and weekly monitoring based on grab samples. The results of the sub-daily monitoring show that streamwater phosphorus concentrations display highly complex dynamics under storm conditions dependent on the antecedent catchment wetness, and that diurnal phosphorus and nitrogen cycles occur under low flow conditions. The diurnal patterns highlight the dominance of sewage inputs in controlling the streamwater phosphorus and nitrogen concentrations at low flows, even at a distance of 7 km from the nearest sewage treatment works in the rural River Enborne. The time of sample collection is important when judging water quality against ecological thresholds or standards. An exhaustion of the supply of phosphorus from diffuse and multiple septic tank sources during storm events was evident and load estimation was not improved by sub-daily monitoring beyond that achieved by daily sampling because of the eventual reduction in the phosphorus mass entering the stream during events. The results highlight the utility of sub-daily water quality measurements and the discussion considers the practicalities and challenges of in situ, sub-daily monitoring.
Binding events through the mutual synchronization of spintronic nano-neurons (2020)

The brain naturally binds events from different sources in unique concepts. It is hypothesized that this process occurs through the transient mutual synchronization of neurons located in different regions of the brain when the stimulus is presented. This mechanism of binding through synchronization can be directly implemented in neural networks composed of coupled oscillators. To do so, the oscillators must be able to mutually synchronize for the range of inputs corresponding to a single class, and otherwise remain desynchronized. Here we show that the outstanding ability of spintronic nano-oscillators to mutually synchronize and the possibility to precisely control the occurrence of mutual synchronization by tuning the oscillator frequencies over wide ranges allows pattern recognition. We demonstrate experimentally on a simple task that three spintronic nano-oscillators can bind consecutive events and thus recognize and distinguish temporal sequences. This work is a step forward in the construction of neural networks that exploit the non-linear dynamic properties of their components to perform brain-inspired computations.
Application of laser shock peening for spinal implant rods (2011)

Purpose The current industry standard rigid spinal implants suffer fatigue failures due to bending and torsion loads. The purpose of this program was to design novel prototype flexible titanium alloy spinal implant rod with machined features, and then apply the laser shock peening (LSP) process to restore the fatigue strength debit due to these features. Design/methodology/approach A flexible prototype rod was designed with flat section at the center of the rod. The flat section was laser shock peened. Static compression tests were conducted as per American Society of Testing Materials standards for three‐ and four‐point bending tests and “vertebrectomy” constructs. Finite element models were developed to aid in the design of LSP and also to guide the experiments. Findings The test results indicated a ∼3X improvement in flexibility and a reduction in fatigue load ratio, defined as applied load divided by the yield load; from 72 to 68 percent. This rod was LSP's on the flat sections, and tested again. The results indicated an increase in the fatigue load ratio from 68 to 75 percent without any further change in flexibility. Originality/value It has been demonstrated successfully that the current industry rigid spinal implant rod can be modified for flexibility and laser shock peened to increase fatigue strength. This enhancement will enable the use of the implant for longer periods and higher loads; and for surgical processes with and without fusion. This technology can be readily applied to all metals that are certified for human implant applications; thus can be implemented with minimal clinical trials.
Application of spatial filtering technique to automatic optical card inspection (1990)

For the total system of optical cards defects on cards deteriorate their performance. We have developed an automatic inspection system of optical cards where we have applied spatial filtering technique to eliminate the periodic background pattern.
Signal Processing Circuits and Systems for Smart Sensing Applications (2023)

The rising demand for reliable, real-time, low-maintenance, cost-efficient monitoring systems with a high accuracy is becoming increasingly more notable in everyday life [...].
Ionization electron signal processing in single phase LArTPCs. Part I. Algorithm Description and quantitative evaluation with MicroBooNE simulation (2018)

© 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd and Sissa Medialab. We describe the concept and procedure of drifted-charge extraction developed in the MicroBooNE experiment, a single-phase liquid argon time projection chamber (LArTPC). This technique converts the raw digitized TPC waveform to the number of ionization electrons passing through a wire plane at a given time. A robust recovery of the number of ionization electrons from both induction and collection anode wire planes will augment the 3D reconstruction, and is particularly important for tomographic reconstruction algorithms. A number of building blocks of the overall procedure are described. The performance of the signal processing is quantitatively evaluated by comparing extracted charge with the true charge through a detailed TPC detector simulation taking into account position-dependent induced current inside a single wire region and across multiple wires. Some areas for further improvement of the performance of the charge extraction procedure are also discussed.
FGFR3 Is Overexpressed Waldenström Macroglobulinemia and Its Inhibition by Dovitinib Induces Apoptosis and Overcomes Stroma-Induced Proliferation (2011)

We report that FGFR3 is a novel therapeutic target in WM, and suggest dovitinib for future clinical trial the treatment of patients with WM.