gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light scattering reports early mitochondrial responses to photodynamic therapy (Invited paper) (2005)

Angularly-resolved light scattering is an established method of particle sizing. Scattering from intact cells provides information about the size distributions of intracellular scatterers. Mitochondria are important light scatterers, especially at forward angles. Nuclei play an important part in scattering light at extreme forward angles and in backscattering geometries. Because changes in mitochondrial morphology are among the early responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) using mitochondrial-localizing sensitizers and because these changes may be important in determining the fate of the cell, it is interesting to consider light scattering as a means of assessing the response of cells and tissue to PDT. Simple transmission measurements in an absorption spectrophotometer report a rapid reduction in scattering in cells subjected to aminolevulinic acid (ALA)-PDT. ALA-PDT with a fluence of 5 J cm<sup>-2</sup> induces a change in the angularly-resolved light scattering from EMT6 cells in suspension within approximately 45 minutes of irradiation. At earlier times following this fluence, the scattering differs only slightly from that observed with control cells. Analysis of the post-treatment scattering data at forward angles is consistent with mitochondrial swelling. Qualitatively similar changes in scattering are observed immediately after a fluence of 10 J cm<sup>-2</sup> in cells sensitized with Pc 4.
Power generation performance evaluation of an electromagnetic induction type vibration power generator under white noize vibration environment (2021)

Vibration power generators that generate electricity using environmental vibrations are attracting attention as independent power sources for IoT sensors and the like. We are paying attention to the electromagnetic induction method, which can be composed of general-purpose and easily available materials and is less likely to cause aging deterioration of the members related to power generation. In the past, we reported that the effect of the magnetic parameters of the electromagnetic induction vibration generator on the generated power when the environmental vibration is a sine wave, and validated the model. We also discussed the design guidelines for improving the generated power when the angular frequency of environmental vibration matches the natural angular frequency. It is suggested that this guideline improves the frequency characteristics of generated power. On the other hand, there are many experimental reports in an actual vibration environment as an evaluation example of a vibration power generator, but it is difficult to make a general discussion because the frequency characteristics of environmental vibration differ depending on the application. In addition, although there are experimental reports and theoretical studies when the environmental vibration is white noise, there are no reports that experimentally verified the theory of average generated power for an electromagnetic induction type vibration power generator using a one-degree-of-freedom oscillator as far as we investigated. In the paper, we constructed a mathematical model for the time average of generated power against white noise vibration containing various frequency components and clarified the effect of magnetic parameters on generated power. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the model was verified by comparing the results of evaluating the power generation performance of the prototype using white noise as the excitation signal and the calculations.
Phonon-Induced Enhancement of the Superconducting Energy Gap (1975)

We have observed large increases of the critical current in Josephson junctions under 10-GHz phonon excitation. Eliashberg has predicted that absorption of microwaves in a superconducting film will increase the energy gap by creating a nonthermal quasiparticle distribution. By modifying this theory to account for phonon absorption we obtain a good agreement with our results on the phonon-induced enhancement of the critical current. We conclude that absorption of phonons of frequency $\ensuremath{\omega}&lt;\frac{2\ensuremath{\Delta}(T)}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$ increases the superconducting energy gap.
Relationship between Gene Polymorphism and Plasma Dopanine .BETA.-Hydroxylase Activity in Hypertensive and Normotensive Subjects. (1994)

The association between restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the 3′-untranslated region of the dopamine β-hydroxlase (DBH) gene and essential hypertension, and the relationship between this RFLP and plasma DBH activity were investigated. A 322bp segment of the 3′-untranslated region of the human DBH gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The restriction enzyme SphI cleaved the 322bp PCR product into 201 and 121bp fragments for that allele which contained the SphI cutting site. This allele was designated S. The allele that lacked the SphI restriction site was designated L. Plasma DBH activity was determined by a spectrophotometric method. For this polymorphic restriction site, the frequency of the minor allele of the polymorphism was similar in the hypertensive and normotensive groups (0.39 vs. 0.35, respectively). In the normotensive group, there was a significant (p< 0.01) relationship between plasma DBH activities and genotypes: 65±24, 55±20 and 45± 14IU/I for homozygotes (LL), heterozygotes (LS) and homozygotes (SS), respectively. In the hypertensive group, no significant relationship was observed. These results demonstrate that a SphI RFLP in the 3′-untranslated region of the DBH gene is not associated with essential hypertension in the group studied. However, in only normotensive subjects, this RFLP may be responsible in part for the variance of plasma DBH activity. (Hypertens Res 1994; 17: 49-53)
Human Puf-A, a Novel Component of 90S Pre-ribosome, Links Ribosome Biogenesis to Cancer Progression (2018)

Abstract We describe a novel biogenesis factor of the 90S pre-ribosome, Puf-A, which is a negative transcriptional target of p53. The expression of Puf-A is not only upregulated in advanced human lung cancer and tumors of patients especially with TP53 mutation, but also is highly prognostic for stage I lung cancer. Loss of Puf-A expression prevents Kras G12D /p53 -/- –induced tumor progression in the lungs and induces apoptosis in TP53 – mutated cancers and c-Myc/p53 -/- –transformed cells as well. Overexpression of Puf-A enhances proliferation of normal cells after c-Myc induction and overcomes the cell-cycle checkpoints incurred by p53 expression. Mechanistically, Puf-A interacts with double-stranded structures of the 5.8S sequence within pre-rRNA and maintains the integrity of 90S pre-ribosomes, thereby impacting early ribosome assembly and export of ribosomes from nuclei. Silencing of Puf-A disrupts the assembly of 90S pre-ribosomes and induces the translocation of its associated nucleophosmin (NPM1) from nucleoli to the nucleoplasm, resulting in impairment of ribosome synthesis. Thus, Puf-A is crucial for over-activation of ribosome biogenesis and contributes to tumor progression and cancer growth.
A Faster Cleanup, Produced-Water-Compatible Fracturing Fluid: Fluid Designs and Field Case Studies (2008)

Abstract Natural gas reservoir development continues at a record pace in North America. Additionally, reservoir pressure depletion and declining quality of reserves have resulted in escalating drilling, completion, and workover costs per unit of gas produced. This in turn forced industry to focus on increasing efficiency by refining completion processes and field operations to make wells commercially viable. Strategies such as multiple-zone commingled completions, the selection of fluids and additives to maximize hydraulic fracture effective length and conductivity, and fluid recycling/handling are but a few strategies employed. Additionally, operating companies have been seeking other cost-control measures, including reducing the number of additives in fracture fluids and minimizing disposal costs of produced waters by recycling and by using them as the base for completion and fracturing fluids. Because of the uncertainty of the produced water impurity, composition, and concentration, it is extremely challenging to make a fracturing fluid compatible with produced water. Together with the need to gel produced water, the demand for more conductive fractures, along with the capacity to create sufficient fracture geometry, has led to the development of a unique surfactant-based system relatively insensitive to most produced waters, and even to some high-density brines. Fluid chemistry modifications employed to enhance performance allowed for reductions in mix-water and fluid-handling costs, shortened flowback/cleanup time, and provided equal or improved post-fracture production response. This paper focuses on a description of the fluid chemistry and performance along with numerous fracture treatment applications with a variety of mix-waters.
Adrenergic Receptors: Classification, ligand binding and molecular properties (1982)

The interaction of catecholamines and drugs with adrenergic receptors leads to a set of biochemical reactions which ultimately results in a physiological response. A brief review is given of the classification of adrenergic receptors into subtypes and the use of ligand binding techniques for the identification and characterization of these receptors. Recent advances in the biochemistry of adrenergic receptors are reviewed with special reference to the interaction of the beta and alpha 2-receptors with guanine nucleotide regulatory proteins and adenylate cyclase. The role of calcium and phosphoinositides in the function of the alpha 1-receptor is also discussed.
A multi-scanner neuroimaging data harmonization using RAVEL and ComBat (2021)

Modern neuroimaging studies frequently combine data collected from multiple scanners and experimental conditions. Such data often contain substantial technical variability associated with image intensity scale (image intensity scales are not the same in different images) and scanner effects (images obtained from different scanners contain substantial technical biases). Here we evaluate and compare results of data analysis methods without any data transformation (RAW), with intensity normalization using RAVEL, with regional harmonization methods using ComBat, and a combination of RAVEL and ComBat. Methods are evaluated on a unique sample of 16 study participants who were scanned on both 1.5T and 3T scanners a few months apart. Neuroradiological evaluation was conducted for 7 different regions of interest (ROI's) pertinent to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Cortical measures and results indicate that: (1) RAVEL substantially improved the reproducibility of image intensities; (2) ComBat is preferred over RAVEL and the RAVEL-ComBat combination in terms of regional level harmonization due to more consistent harmonization across subjects and image-derived measures; (3) RAVEL and ComBat substantially reduced bias compared to analysis of RAW images, but RAVEL also resulted in larger variance; and (4) the larger root mean square deviation (RMSD) of RAVEL compared to ComBat is due mainly to its larger variance.
Progress toward an extremely compact hyperspectral imaging system for environmental characterization (2019)

Here we report progress in the fabrication, calibration, and testing of a compact spectral imaging camera. The camera uses a micro-array of Fabry-Perot etalons bonded directly to a broadband focal plane array sensor. The array of etalons adds negligible size and weight to the system compared to a panchromatic imager. Other recent demonstrations of compact spectral imagers in the visible and near infrared (VNIR) have commonly used arrays of etalons in a single order, thereby reducing the system bandwidth and sensitivity to achieve the required spectral resolution. Here, we demonstrate a camera utilizing multiple etalon orders in a spectral multiplexing scheme known as Multiple Order Staircase Etalon Spectrometry (MOSES). An important characteristic of the MOSES system is that there is a relaxed tradeoff between spectral resolution and sensitivity (or etalon throughput). Unlike single-order etalon techniques, MOSES allows for the reconstruction of the spectrum to the bandwidth limit of the detector and reflecting layers. This is important in coastal environmental sensing, where IR spectral features may be desired at the same time as UV light transmitted through shallow water layers. This VNIR system demonstration indicates the feasibility of MOSES devices in other wavebands.
Cone-beam CT trajectory optimization for metal artifact avoidance using ellipsoidal object parameterizations (2023)

Metal Artifacts remain a problem in Cone-Beam CT (CBCT) imaging, especially reducing clinical value in trauma applications by obscuring the important area around implants. Building on existing Metal Artifact Avoidance (MAA) algorithms, we formulate a metric based on the scatter fraction, introduce a shape model which reduces computational requirements and analyze the feasibility of using only two scout views as prior information. Driven by the observation that orbit optimization requires knowledge of the position, extent, and orientation of metallic objects in the volume of interest (VOI), we devise a shape model in the form of ellipsoids. Reconstructing an ellipsoid from two projection images is not unambiguously possible using analytic methods. By interpreting the problem as probability density estimation, a maximum likelihood fit can be recovered using a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM). This parametric representation of metal objects is used to efficiently calculate metal pathlength maps for candidate projections on tilted circular trajectories through analytic forward projection. The scatter fraction behind the metal object is modelled as a function of metal pathlength to score views and choose artifact minimizing tilted trajectories. Given two projection images of simulated ellipsoidal objects, the GMM accurately estimates the position and longest axis length within millimeter tolerance. Depending on the orientation relative to the two acquired scout views, an estimation error within the scout-view plane is observed. The generalization on measured data and the shape model hypothesis is verified in a phantom study showing a good correspondence of the modelled metric and observed reduction of artifacts in the tilted CBCT scans. The severity of Metal Artifacts can be reduced by optimizing trajectories on low-fidelity shape models. These surrogate representations can be efficiently estimated from two views for most relative object orientations, but a well-defined ‘blind spot’ remains. The reconstruction error was found to have little effect on tilted orbit optimization if the tilt-axis is contained in the scout-view plane.
Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structure of (+)-Tolyporphin AO,O-Diacetate (1999)

Four monocyclic precursors were assembled in the total synthesis of the proposed structure 1-A of (+)-tolyporphin A O,O-diacetate (X=Ac). Comparison of the spectroscopic data demonstrated that synthetic tolyporphin O,O-diacetate did not match the O,O-diacetate prepared from natural (+)-tolyporphin A (X=H), calling for a structural revision of this class of natural products. On the basis of a series of NMR experiments including synthetic intermediates, the structure of tolyporphin A is concluded to be 1-B, in which the configurations of quaternary centers C7 and C17 are opposite to those in the originally proposed structure.
Patterning Porous Oxides within Microchannel Networks (2001)

A continuing challenge for materials chemists and engineers is the ability to create multifunctional composite structures with well-defined superimposed structural order from nanometer to micrometer length scales. Materials with three-dimensional structures ordered over multiple length scales can be prepared by carrying out colloidal crystallization and inorganic/organic cooperative self-assembly within microchannel networks. The resulting materials show hierarchical ordering over several discrete and tunable length scales ranging from several nanometers to micrometers. These patterned porous materials hold promise for use as advanced catalysts, sensors, low-k dielectrics, optoelectronic and integrated photonic crystal devices.
Crystal structure of 1,3-bis[N,N'-(3,5-di-tert-butyl)salicylideneimine]-2,2- dimethylpropane, C35H54O2N2 (1997)

Article Crystal structure of 1,3-bis[N,N'-(3,5-di-tert-butyl)salicylideneimine]-2,2- dimethylpropane, C35H54O2N2 was published on December 1, 1997 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 212, issue 1).
Reduced Steroid Usage in Ulcerative Colitis Patients With Week 8 Response to Adalimumab: Subanalysis of ULTRA 2 (2012)

Patients entering the extension on OL weekly ADA dosing continued on same. Patients entering the extension study from any blinded cohort (ADA or placebo [PBO]) or an OL cohort receiving ADA 40 mg every other week (eow) received OL ADA 40 mg eow. For patients entering from a blinded cohort, increase to 40 mg weekly for flare or non-response was allowed at or after week 12. For patients entering from an OL cohort, increase to 40 mg weekly for flare or non-response was allowed at or after week 12 for patients in clinical response at entry, or week 2 for patients with inadequate response at entry. Adjustments to concomitant medications including corticosteroids were allowed per protocol specifications. Partial Mayo score (PMS, Mayo score without endoscopy subscore) was collected at every study visit during the lead-in trials and the OL extension. Mean PMS over time through 2 years (112 weeks) from first dose of ADA was assessed using observed case method in the ' 'any ADA' ' population (patients who received at least one dose of ADA in the lead-in or extension trials,) using a data cut off of 31 July 2011. The proportion of patients in clinical remission per PMS (PMS 2 with no subscore >1) at week 60 of the OL extension was assessed in the intentto-treat (ITT) population (patients enrolled in the extension, excluding patients from sites non-compliant with good clinical practices), using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method to handle missing data. RESULTS: The observed mean PMS at day of first dose of ADA was 5.9 (n 992), and decreased over time through 112 weeks of treatment to 1.8 (N 444, Table ). Of the 588 ITT patients from the lead-in studies who enrolled into the OL extension, 351 (59.7%, LOCF) achieved clinical remission per PMS at week 60 of the OL extension. No new safety signals were observed. CONCLUSION(S): The results of the ongoing extension trial support clinically meaningful efficacy of adalimumab for the treatment of moderately to severely active UC, sustained for up to 2 years. 1.
Optimal power control in MIMO systems with quantized feedback - [transactions papers] (2008)

We treat the problem of outage minimization via power control in MIMO systems with quantized feedback. We formulate the optimal quantized power control design for a general MIMO system and provide the numerical procedure for finding the optimal solution. Our results not only extend but also show the deficiency of the existing quantized power control schemes for MISO systems. We further propose a design based on the pre-evaluation of the packet error rate performance of practical MIMO systems employing short-length LDPC codes and QAM modulations and with possibly unreliable feedback links. It is demonstrated that with only a few bits of feedback, the resulting quantized power control strategy achieves considerable gain over a system without power control.
The Influenza Virus–Specific CTL Immunodominance Hierarchy in Mice Is Determined by the Relative Frequency of High-Avidity T Cells (2014)

Virus-specific CTL responses typically fall into reproducible hierarchies with particular epitopes eliciting either immunodominant or subdominant responses after viral challenge. The recently acquired capacity to directly enumerate naive CTL precursors (CTLps) in both mice and humans has implicated CTLp frequency as a key predictor of immune response magnitude after Ag challenge. However, recent studies have indicated that naive CTLp frequencies do not necessarily predict the size of the Ag-driven response, indicating an important role for differential CTLp recruitment and/or expansion. This study characterizes the early emergence of various influenza epitope-specific CTL responses at multiple sites in C57BL/6 mice, and probes the role of Ag dose and TCR avidity in dictating immune response hierarchies. Despite large naive CTLp numbers, subdominance was found to arise largely as a consequence of the abrupt and premature cessation of CTL proliferation, at least for one epitope specificity. Investigation into the possible drivers of the poor proliferation observed for subdominant specificities showed that the immunodominance hierarchy endured irrespective of epitope abundance, and correlated with the prevalence of high-avidity T cells in both the naive and immune compartments. Our study strongly indicates that the quality, and not simply the quantity, of antiviral CTLs dictate response magnitude.
Expression of the nerve growth factor-regulated NGFI-A and NGFI-B genes in the developing rat (1990)

NGFI-A and NGFI-B are two genes that are induced in PC12 cells treated with nerve growth factor and encode zinc-finger proteins that may act as transcription factors. To study the function of these genes in vivo, their expression in rat embryos and postnatally developing tissues was examined. Both genes are expressed during embryogenesis from E12 to E18. In postnatally developing animals, these genes are induced in cortex, midbrain and cerebellum, suggesting that they may function in one or many of the changes that occur during postnatal maturation of the brain. Both genes are expressed at a low, constitutive level in a subset of other non-neuronal tissues, but also demonstrate developmental changes in expression in many other organs. To examine expression of these genes in ganglia of the peripheral nervous system, a sensitive and quantitative assay employing reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction was developed. Results obtained with this assay demonstrated that expression of both NGFI-A and NGFI-B is modulated in the peripheral nervous system during postnatal maturation, but not in a pattern concordant with previously characterized NGF receptor expression. These studies suggest that NGFI-A and NGFI-B serve multiple, tissue-specific functions and are under complex regulation in vivo.
Experimental evaluation of neutron induced noise on gated x-ray framing cameras (2010)

A micro-channel plate based temporally-gated x-ray camera (framing camera) is one of the most versatile diagnostic tools of inertial confinement fusion experiments; particularly for observation of the shape of x-ray self emission from compressed core of imploded capsules. However, components used in an x-ray framing camera have sensitivity to neutrons induced secondary radiations. On early low-yield capsule implosions at the National Ignition Facility (NIF), the expected neutron production is about 5 x 10{sup 14}. Therefore, the expected neutron fluence at a framing camera located {approx} 150 cm from the object is 2 x 10{sup 9} neutrons/cm{sup 2}. To obtain gated x-ray images in such harsh neutron environments, quantitative understanding of neutron-induced backgrounds is crucial.