gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Controlling exfoliation in order to minimize damage during dispersion of long SWCNTs for advanced composites (2014)

We propose an approach to disperse long single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in a manner that is most suitable for the fabrication of high-performance composites. We compare three general classes of dispersion mechanisms, which encompass 11 different dispersion methods, and we have dispersed long SWCNTs, short multi-wall carbon nanotubes, and short SWCNTs in order to understand the most appropriate dispersion methods for the different types of CNTs. From this study, we have found that the turbulent flow methods, as represented by the Nanomizer and high-pressure jet mill methods, produced unique and superior dispersibility of long SWCNTs, which was advantageous for the fabrication of highly conductive composites. The results were interpreted to imply that the biaxial shearing force caused an exfoliation effect to disperse the long SWCNTs homogeneously while suppressing damage. A conceptual model was developed to explain this dispersion mechanism, which is important for future work on advanced CNT composites.
Pressure dependence of thermopower in YBa2Cu3O6.96and YBa2Cu4O8 (1996)

Measurements of the temperature dependencies of the thermopower $\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$ and the resistivity $\ensuremath{\rho}(T)$ of polycrystalline Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{6.96}$ and Y${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ under different hydrostatic pressures are reported. They are interpreted to reveal an increase with pressure in the superconductive-condensate density ${n}_{s}$ of the chains. A literature report of $\frac{d{T}_{c}}{\mathrm{dP}}=0.25$ K/kbar for optimally doped ${\mathrm{Y}}_{0.9}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.1}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ is argued to be due to an increase in the elastic coupling between the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sheets of the double Cu-O chains as a result of the increase in chain ${n}_{s}$. A $c$-axis in-phase ${A}_{g}$ vibration of the oxygen atoms of the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sheets is identified as a participant in the underlying physical mechanism responsible not only for high-${T}_{c}$ superconductivity, but also for the pressure dependencies of ${T}_{c}$ and $\ensuremath{\alpha}(T)$.
Interaction of Human Lactoferrin with Cell Adhesion Molecules through RGD Motif Elucidated by Lactoferrin-binding Epitopes (2006)

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding secretory protein, which is distributed in the secondary granules of polynuclear lymphocytes as well as in the milk produced by female mammals. Although it has multiple functions, for example antimicrobial, immunomodulatory, antiviral, and anti-tumor metastasis activities, the receptors responsible for these activities are not fully understood. In this study, the binding epitopes for human LF were first isolated from a hexameric random peptide library displayed on T7 phage. Interestingly, two of the four isolated peptides had a representative cell adhesion motif, Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD), implying that human LF interacts with proteins with the RGD motif. We found that human LF bound to the RGD-containing human extracellular matrix proteins, fibronectin and vitronectin. Furthermore, human LF inhibited cell adhesion to these matrix proteins in a concentration-dependent manner but not to the RGD-independent cell adhesion molecule like laminin or collagen. These results indicate that a function of human LF is to block the various interactions between the cell surface and adhesion molecules. This may explain the multifunctionality of LF.
Menin inhibition suppresses castration-resistant prostate cancer and enhances chemosensitivity (2021)

Disease progression and therapeutic resistance of prostate cancer (PC) are linked to multiple molecular events that promote survival and plasticity. We previously showed that heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) acted as a driver of castration-resistant phenotype (CRPC) and developed an oligonucleotides antisense (ASO) against HSP27 with evidence of anti-cancer activity in men with CRPC. Here, we show that the tumor suppressor Menin (MEN1) is highly regulated by HSP27. Menin is overexpressed in high-grade PC and CRPC. High MEN1 mRNA expression is associated with decreased biochemical relapse-free and overall survival. Silencing Menin with ASO technology inhibits CRPC cell proliferation, tumor growth, and restores chemotherapeutic sensitivity. ChIP-seq analysis revealed differential DNA binding sites of Menin in various prostatic cells, suggesting a switch from tumor suppressor to oncogenic functions in CRPC. These data support the evaluation of ASO against Menin for CRPC.
Template-free electrochemical nanofabrication of polyaniline nanobrush and hybrid polyaniline with carbon nanohorns for supercapacitors (2010)

Polyaniline (PANI) nanobrushes were synthesized by template-free electrochemical galvanostatic methods. When the same method was applied to the carbon nanohorn (CNH) solution containing aniline monomers, a hybrid nanostructure containing PANI and CNHs was enabled after electropolymerization. This is the first report on the template-free method to make PANI nanobrushes and homogeneous hybrid soft matter (PANI) with carbon nanoparticles. Raman spectroscopy was used to analyze the interaction between CNH and PANI. Electrochemical nanofabrication offers simplicity and good control when used to make electronic devices. Both of these materials were applied in supercapacitors and an improvement capacitive current by using the hybrid material was observed.
Selective Replay Enhances Learning in Online Continual Analogical Reasoning (2021)

In continual learning, a system learns from non-stationary data streams or batches without catastrophic forgetting. While this problem has been heavily studied in supervised image classification and reinforcement learning, continual learning in neural networks designed for abstract reasoning has not yet been studied. Here, we study continual learning of analogical reasoning. Analogical reasoning tests such as Raven's Progressive Matrices (RPMs) are commonly used to measure non-verbal abstract reasoning in humans, and recently offline neural networks for the RPM problem have been proposed. In this paper, we establish experimental baselines, protocols, and forward and backward transfer metrics to evaluate continual learners on RPMs. We employ experience replay to mitigate catastrophic forgetting. Prior work using replay for image classification tasks has found that selectively choosing the samples to replay offers little, if any, benefit over random selection. In contrast, we find that selective replay can significantly outperform random selection for the RPM task.
Ten-Year Experience with the Artificial Urianary Sphincter in Children (1996)

The artificial urinary sphincter is a durable long-term solution for children with intractable incontinence. Long-term surveillance of the urinary tract is mandatory because of the potential for renal failure in patients who have bladder hypertonicity after placement of the device.
Investigation of protein‐protein noncovalent interactions in soybean agglutinin by electrospray ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (1994)

Noncovalent interactions in soybean agglutinin (SBA) were studied on an electrospray ionization (ESI) time-of-flight mass spectrometer constructed recently at the University of Manitoba. The high m/z range and high sensitivity of the instrument together with mild ESI interface conditions turned out to be ideal for detecting this noncovalently bonded tetrameric protein (MW approximately 116,000 Da) in low charge states (z = 23 to 27). By altering the acetonitrile content of the SBA solutions it was shown that the observed SBA tetramers are due to structurally specific noncovalent associations in solution. Octamers and dodecamers (MW approximately 350,000 Da) were also detected. Information on the quaternary structure of the tetramers was obtained by analyzing the fragment-ion spectrum resulting from the collision-induced dissociation of the tetramer ions.
Supplementary Figure S4 from A Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse Modulators that Mediate IRE1α–XBP1 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of the screen hits (continued).&lt;/p&gt;
TiO2 and SnO2@TiO2 hollow spheres assembled from anatase TiO2 nanosheets with enhanced lithium storage properties (2010)

TiO2 and SnO2@TiO2 hollow spheres assembled from anatase TiO2 nanosheets with exposed (001) high-energy facets are constructed via a templating approach, and the as-prepared samples exhibit enhanced lithium storage properties.
Concurrent Exertional Compartment Syndrome and Functional Popliteal Artery Entrapment Syndrome: A Case Report (2019)

Exertional leg pain is a common and disabling condition in athletes with challenging diagnosis and management. We report the case of a 29-year-old rugby player with a history and clinical examination consistent with chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS). Compartment pressure measurement was supportive of the diagnosis. However, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) with provocative maneuvers showed functional popliteal artery entrapment syndrome (PAES). For the treatment of CECS, bilateral fasciotomy of the anterolateral compartments permitted return to full sport participation in 8 weeks. A follow-up MR angiogram at 12 months showed resolution of the popliteal entrapment leading us to hypothesize a possible relationship between CECS and functional PAES.
Vertical Gate-All-Around Nanowire GaSb-InAs Core-Shell n-Type Tunnel FETs (2019)

Tunneling Field-Effect Transistors (TFET) are one of the most promising candidates for future low-power CMOS applications including mobile and Internet of Things (IoT) products. A vertical gate-all-around (VGAA) architecture with a core shell (C-S) structure is the leading contender to meet CMOS footprint requirements while simultaneously delivering high current drive for high performance specifications and subthreshold swing below the Boltzmann limit for low power operation. In this work, VGAA nanowire GaSb/InAs C-S TFETs are demonstrated experimentally for the first time with key device properties of subthreshold swing S = 40 mV/dec (V<sub>d</sub> = 10 mV) and current drive up to 40 μA/wire (V<sub>d</sub> = 0.3 V, diameter d = 50 nm) while dimensions including core diameter d, shell thickness and gate length are scaled towards CMOS requirements. The experimental data in conjunction with TCAD modeling reveal interface trap density requirements to reach industry standard off-current specifications.
Genomics and the Eye (2011)

The eye has figured prominently in the development of methods to better understand risk factors that underlie disease. This article reviews advances in understanding of the pathogenesis of ophthalmic disorders and describes methods being developed to treat them.
Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: multicenter evaluation of a newly developed anti-HIV 1 and 2 enzyme immunoassay (1994)

A new anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and 2 (anti-HIV 1 and 2) test is described. It uses recombinant p24 and peptides covering gp32, gp41, and gp120 to identify HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections. This test has been shown to be specific (99.5%) and sensitive (99.8%). In this respect, the assay was equal or superior to anti-HIV 1 and 2 tests run as references. The test was able to discriminate sera from patients with HIV infections from those from uninfected individuals with excellence; it also exerted high intra- and interassay precisions. The "modular" concept of the test allows the use of single components (gp32 or gp41) to separate between HIV-2 and HIV-1 infections, respectively.
SoK: Hate, Harassment, and the Changing Landscape of Online Abuse (2021)

We argue that existing security, privacy, and antiabuse protections fail to address the growing threat of online hate and harassment. In order for our community to understand and address this gap, we propose a taxonomy for reasoning about online hate and harassment. Our taxonomy draws on over 150 interdisciplinary research papers that cover disparate threats ranging from intimate partner violence to coordinated mobs. In the process, we identify seven classes of attacks—such as toxic content and surveillance—that each stem from different attacker capabilities and intents. We also provide longitudinal evidence from a three-year survey that hate and harassment is a pervasive, growing experience for online users, particularly for at-risk communities like young adults and people who identify as LGBTQ+. Responding to each class of hate and harassment requires a unique strategy and we highlight five such potential research directions that ultimately empower individuals, communities, and platforms to do so.
Unfavorable Coordination of Copper with Methyl Vinyl Ketone in Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTUnfavorable Coordination of Copper with Methyl Vinyl Ketone in Atom Transfer Radical PolymerizationA. Mittal, S. Sivaram, and D. BaskaranView Author Information Division of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Chemical Laboratory, Pune 411008, India Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 16, 5555–5558Publication Date (Web):July 6, 2006Publication History Received18 February 2006Revised25 May 2006Published online6 July 2006Published inissue 1 August 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma060365phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma060365pbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views884Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copper,Ketones,Polymers,Radical polymerization,Vinyl Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of an Application of Adjoint Methods to Yellow Sea Modeling (2001)

Abstract : In the application of adjoint methods, adjoint model equations are used to compute the directions in which unknown model parameters should be adjusted to achieve an optimal fit between modeled dynamics and observations. Many researchers have successfully applied an incremental adjoint modeling approach to infer open ocean boundary forcing that accounts for available observations. In this study, an adjoint model system, comprising a simple model and its inverse in conjuction with a more complex forward model, is applied in the Yellow Sea to predict tidal elevations and currents throughout the region using the incremental approach. The nonlinear finite element model ADCIRC-2DDI is used as the complex forward model with the linear finite difference adjoint model of Thompson in the inverse assimilative loop. Field measurements include sea surface elevations derived from altimeter data and tidal stations, and currents from three ADCP locations. Various implementations of the feedback between the linear inverse model and the nonlinear forward model are examined. Comparisons between large domain solutions without data assimilation and limited area domains forced with adjoint model predictions on the open boundary form the basis for evaluation of the approach. Incompatibilities in model discretization, resolution, and boundary condition formulation severely limit the advantages of the application of the incremental approach using the finite difference adjoint model of Thompson as implemented here.
Microcirculatory actions and uses of naturally-occurring (magnesium) and novel synthetic calcium channel blockers. (1984)

Synthetic calcium channel blockers (Ca2+ entry blockers or antagonists) have been reported to induce relaxation of smooth muscle which is not thought to be mediated by any specific action(s) on receptor sites. In addition, it has been suggested that Ca2+ channel blockers increases blood flow in a number of organ regions, including mesenteric, femoral, renal, cerebral and coronary vasculatures, via a direct action on vascular tone by inhibiting Ca2+ influx across the vascular smooth muscle membranes. Such information has prompted clinical studies with the use of Ca2+ channel blockers in the treatment of a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders. The questions, to be answered, however, are whether any of the newly-designed channel blockers can actively produce vasodilatation of arterioles and venules in regional microvasculatures, and these synthetic agents are safe and therapeutically effective. In addition, can one design site-specific (e.g., cerebral vs. coronary vasodilator) Ca2+ channel blockers. But, since the body has a natural Ca2+ antagonist, viz., magnesium ions (Mg2+), one must ask whether such divalent cations act as peripheral vasodilators and are effective as therapeutic agents. The studies reviewed herein: compare the effects of several different Ca2+ channel blockers on resistance and capacitance vessels in different regional microvasculatures (i.e., mesenteric, skeletal muscle, pial) within a single species, namely the rat, by high-resolution TV microscopy, and demonstrate the rationale, effects and mechanisms of action of Mg2+ on regional blood vessels. These data show some of the new, novel synthetic Ca2+ channel blockers (i.e., nisoldipine, nitrendipine, nimodipine) can: exert effects on both arterioles and venules in certain vasculatures; be designed to exert a wide range of potencies; and be designed to act selectively at regional microvasculatures. In addition, the data presented are consistent with the hypothesis that Mg2+ exerts a regulatory role in vascular tone, vascular reactivity and vascular resistance. Certain vascular diseases associated with a Mg2+-deficiency appear to be amenable to treatment with Mg2+.
Magnetic positioner having a single moving part (2023)

A magnetic positioner is provided which is capable of providing long travel in two dimension and short travel in the remaining four dimensions. The positioner has a movable stage and a stator oriented adjacent and substantially parallel to this stage. At least three sets of first magnetic elements, which for preferred embodiments are winding sets capable of generating forces in two directions, are on the portion of the stator adjacent to the stage at any given time, and at least two second magnetic elements, which are magnet arrays for the preferred embodiment, are on the stage adjacent to the stator. At least one of the second magnetic elements overlaps multiple first magnetic elements for all positions of the stage relative to the stator, with one magnet overlapping multiple windings for one preferred embodiment of the invention and two magnets on the stage overlapping multiple windings on the stator for a second embodiment. The windings form a linear motor providing forces in both a corresponding long travel dimension and in a dimension perpendicular to both long travel dimensions.
PPT1 Promotes Tumor Growth and Is the Molecular Target of Chloroquine Derivatives in Cancer (2018)

Clinical trials repurposing lysosomotropic chloroquine (CQ) derivatives as autophagy inhibitors in cancer demonstrate encouraging results, but the underlying mechanism of action remains unknown. Here, we report a novel dimeric CQ (DC661) capable of deacidifying the lysosome and inhibiting autophagy significantly better than hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). Using an <i>in situ</i> photoaffinity pulldown strategy, we identified palmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 (PPT1) as a molecular target shared across monomeric and dimeric CQ derivatives. HCQ and Lys05 also bound to and inhibited PPT1 activity, but only DC661 maintained activity in acidic media. Knockout of PPT1 in cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 editing abrogates autophagy modulation and cytotoxicity of CQ derivatives, and results in significant impairment of tumor growth similar to that observed with DC661. Elevated expression of PPT1 in tumors correlates with poor survival in patients in a variety of cancers. Thus, PPT1 represents a new target in cancer that can be inhibited with CQ derivatives. SIGNIFICANCE: This study identifies PPT1 as the previously unknown lysosomal molecular target of monomeric and dimeric CQ derivatives. Genetic suppression of PPT1 impairs tumor growth, and PPT1 levels are elevated in cancer and associated with poor survival. These findings provide a strong rationale for targeting PPT1 in cancer. <i>This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 151</i>.
Independently Tuning Elastomer Softness and Firmness by Incorporating Side Chain Mixtures into Bottlebrush Network Strands (2020)

Softness and firmness are opposing traits that synergistically define the elastic response of biological systems. Currently, no single class of synthetic materials including elastomers and gels provides independent control of these mechanical characteristics, particularly without altering chemical composition. To address this challenge, we explore a hierarchical bottom-up approach via architectural modulation of bottlebrush mesoblocks followed by their self-assembly into linear–brush–linear triblock copolymer networks. By judiciously incorporating side chains of different lengths, we seamlessly demonstrate full control over elastomer firmness at a fixed Young’s modulus, thus bypassing the infinitely laborious synthesis of targeted side chain lengths. This industrially scalable iteration upon the design-by-architecture approach to network construction delivers thermoplastic elastomers with unprecedented softness–firmness combinations desired in soft robotics, flexible electronics, and biomedical devices.
Direct Demodulation and Channel Filtering of Phase-Modulated Signals Using an Injection-Locked VCSEL (2010)

Detection of phase-modulated optical signals without the use of an externally generated local oscillator is demonstrated using an injection-locked vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser. When it is used in a multichannel system, this technique is also capable of actively filtering out one of the phase-modulated optical carriers. The experimental results of the proposed receiver performance in a three-channel optical system are presented here. A signal-to-noise ratio of 75 dBc/Hz is obtained.
Cryptographic multilinear maps using pro-<i>p</i> groups (2021)

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>In [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b18">18</xref>], the authors show how, to any nilpotent group of class <inline-formula><tex-math id="M2">\begin{document}$ n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula>, one can associate a non-interactive key exchange protocol between <inline-formula><tex-math id="M3">\begin{document}$ n+1 $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> users. The <i>multilinear</i> commutator maps associated to nilpotent groups play a key role in this protocol. In the present paper, we explore some alternative platforms, such as pro-<inline-formula><tex-math id="M4">\begin{document}$ p $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> groups.