gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Liquids as Potential and Synergistic Permeation Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery (2019)

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) show clear advantages over conventional routes of drug administration. Nonetheless, there are limitations to current TDDS which warrant further research to improve current TDD platforms. Spurred by the synthesis of novel biodegradable ionic liquids (ILs) and favorable cytotoxicity studies, ILs were shown to be a possible solution to overcome these challenges. Their favorable application in overcoming challenges ranging from synthesis, manufacture, and even therapeutic benefits were documented. In this review, said ILs are highlighted and their role in TDDS is reviewed in terms of (a) ILs as permeation enhancers (single agents or combined), (b) ILs in drug modification, and (c) ILs as active pharmaceutical ingredients. Furthermore, future combination of ILs with other chemical permeation enhancers (CPEs) is proposed and discussed.
Surface plasmon characteristics of tunable photoluminescence from single gold nanorod (2006)

International audience
‘Ethnic Group’, the State and the Politics of Representation (2013)

The assertion, even if only by implication, that ‘ethnic group’ categories represent ‘real’ tangible entities, indeed identities, is commonplace not only in the realms of political and policy discourse but also amongst contemporary social scientists. This paper, following Brubaker (2002), questions this position in a number of key respects: of these three issues will dominate the discussion that follows.&#13;\nFirst, there is an interrogation of the proposition that those to whom the categories/labels refer constitute sociologically meaningful ‘groups’ as distinct from (mere) human collectivities. Secondly, there is the question of how these categories emerge, i.e. exactly what series of events, negotiations and contestations lie behind their construction and social acceptance. Thirdly, and as a corollary to the latter point, we explore the process of reification that leads to these categories being seen to represent ‘real things in the world’ (ibid.).&#13;\n
Liquid Crystals Spanning the Globe (1996)

Abstract Liquid crystal research is increasingly an international activity, often involving collabrations between groups and laboratories separated by great distances and cultures. Bridging these gaps is an importanta part of scientific activity and below we report the experiences of two young scientists from the UK who travelled to Japan to further their research.
Boosting Higher-Order Correlation Attacks by Dimensionality Reduction. (2014)

Abstract. Multi-variate side-channel attacks allow to break higher-order masking protections by combining several leakage samples. But how to optimally extract all the information contained in all possible d-tuples of points? In this article, we intro-duce preprocessing tools that answer this question. We first show that maximizing the higher-order CPA coefficient is equivalent to finding the maximum of the covariance. We apply this equivalence to the problem of trace dimensionality reduction by linear combination of its samples. Then we establish the link between this problem and the Principal Component Analysis. In a second step we present the optimal solution for the problem of maximizing the covariance. We also theoretically and empirically compare these methods. We finally apply them on real measurements, publicly avail-able under the DPA Contest v4, to evaluate how the proposed techniques improve the second-order CPA (2O-CPA). Keywords:Bi-variate attacks, second-order correlation power analysis (2O-CPA), principal component analysis, interclass variance, covariance vector 1
Purification and characterization of a kallikrein-like T-kininogenase. (1990)

A T-kininogenase has been purified to homogeneity from rat submandibular gland extracts by DEAE-Sepharose chromatography and preparative gel electrophoresis. The purified protein has an apparent Mr of 28,000 on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and splits into heavy and light chains with Mr of 22,000 and 6,000 in the presence of dithiothreitol. It is an acidic glycoprotein with pI of 4.65-4.75. The carbohydrate moiety is located on the light chain and binds concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin. The active site serine residue of the heavy chain is labeled with [14C]diisopropylfluorophosphate and visualized by fluorography. NH2-terminal amino acid sequences of the light and heavy chains reveal 74-84% identity to rat tissue kallikrein, tonin, and other kallikrein-related enzymes. The enzyme cleaves T-kininogen to release T-kinin which was separated by high performance liquid chromatography on a reverse phase C18 column and identified by a kinin radioimmunoassay. Its T-kininogenase but not N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester esterase activity can be enhanced 10-fold in the presence of dithiothreitol. The esterolytic activity of the enzyme is inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, aprotinin, leupeptin, and antipain; whereas lima bean and ovomucoid trypsin inhibitors stimulate its activity. The enzyme is localized at the granular convoluted tubule and striated duct cells in rat submandibular glands by immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that T-kininogenase belongs to the group of structurally similar yet distinct kallikrein-like serine proteases.
A phase 1b study with selinexor, a first in class selective inhibitor of nuclear export (SINE) in patients with advanced sarcomas: An efficacy analysis. (2015)

10569 Background: Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with diverse genetic abnormalities. Selinexor is a first-in-class, oral, inhibitor of XPO1, (nuclear exportin protein 1) with potent anti-tumor activity in multiple sarcoma cell lines and in murine liposarcoma xenografts. Here we report results from a Phase 1b dose expansion trial of selinexor in sarcoma patients (NCT01896505). Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced, refractory sarcomas with radiographic progression received oral selinexor at 50 mg/m2 twice weekly per 28 day cycle. Pharmacokinetics (PK, n = 12) was assessed in the fasted and fed state. Pharmacodynamic studies were performed on fresh tumor biopsies. Response was evaluated every 2 cycles (RECIST 1.1). Results: 36 pts (14 M / 22 F, ECOG 0/1: 19/17, median age 57.5 years [range 18–86], median lines of previous treatments: 3 [range 1–9]). Disease subtypes include liposarcoma (LPS; N = 12), leiomyosarcoma (LMS; N = 8) and other sarcomas (N = 16). Grade 3 drug related adverse events (AEs) occurring in ≥ 2pts included: fatigue (17%), leucopenia (17%), anemia (11%), hyponatremia (8%) and vomiting (6%). One pt had reversible, grade 3 sensory and autonomic neuropathy and two pts had grade 4 thrombocytopenia (6%). Of the 33 evaluable patients, stable disease was seen in 21/33 (64%) of pts along with decrease of tumor burden (ranging from 5 – 23%) in 7 patients. There were 12 pts (36%) that progressed. In pts with progressive LPS and LMS, the median progression free survival (mPFS) on selinexor was 4.2 months (mo) and 3.7 mo, respectively. PK was similar to previously published results and there was better absorption in the fed state compared to fasting and fat content did not affect bioavailability. Matched pre- and post-tumor biopsies (N = 6) showed target inhibition of XPO1 by nuclear localization of p53, apoptosis by increased cleaved caspase, marked reduction in cellularity and Ki-67 and increase in stroma. Conclusions: Oral selinexor administered twice weekly was well tolerated with manageable toxicities. Selinexor demonstrated durable stable disease in various soft tissue and bone sarcomas. Based on promising results a larger study is planned. Clinical trial information: NCT01896505.
Regiochemical control in dihydrophenanthrene synthesis. A photochemical total synthesis of juncusol (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiochemical control in dihydrophenanthrene synthesis. A photochemical total synthesis of juncusolAndrew S. Kende and Dennis P. CurranCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 7, 1857–1864Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00501a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00501a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views593Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abstract 214: Androgen resistance in prostate cancer is associated with an enrichment of stem-like cells (2014)

Abstract Cancer Stem cells (CSCs) or tumor initiating cells (TICs) have recently been identified in solid tumors; however, the role of CSCs/TICs in metastasis remains poorly understood. In this study, we developed a pre-clinical model to study stem-like cells in prostate cancer metastasis. CS-5 and CS-10 cells were derived by growing parental LNCaP cells in androgen-depleted media for five and ten generations. The growth rate of CS-10 cells was similar to parenteral LNCaP cells while CS-5 cell growth was diminished. Interestingly, CS10 cells were the sole cells observed with CD44 expression, which also had the highest α2β1 expression. In addition, none of the cell lines expressed CD133. In contrast to parenteral LNCaP cells, CD44+ CS-10 cells displayed an increase in 5 min collagen-I attachment, cell migration, invasion, colony formation and sphere formation in an anchorage-independent environment, all attributes of TICs. Additional evidence for “stemness” was that CS-10 cells were capable of self-renewal in the secondary and tertiary spheroid assays. CS-10 cells expressed neuroendocrine and EMT markers and demonstrated resistance to anti-androgen drugs and most chemotherapeutic drugs compared to parenteral LNCaP cells. In summary, the novel findings presented here provide evidence that castrate resistance may result in selection of CD44+/ α2β1+/CD24low/CD133 cells, which possesses stem cell properties. This cell line may serve as a model for evaluation of new targeted treatments in prostate CSCs. Citation Format: Lisa Y. Wu, Nitu Bansal, Tiancheng Liu, Clifford E. Berkman, Joseph R. Bertino. Androgen resistance in prostate cancer is associated with an enrichment of stem-like cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 214. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-214
On biases of attention in scientific discovery (2020)

The data is freely available at https://github.com/urielsinger/PPI-unbias.
Comparisons of the yields and properties of the oil products from direct thermochemical biomass liquefaction processes (1985)

Abstract Several different direct thermochemical biomass conversion processes are compared based on the results of an experimental program using standard wood and peat feedstocks. The program was part of the International Energy Agency, Biomass Liquefaction Test Facility project. The operating conditions of the processes compared differed greatly. General correlations of the properties of the oils produced from these processes are made based on the severity of the operating conditions. Important parameters in considering process severity are temperature, pressure, time at reaction conditions and added reactants or catalysts.
Requirement specifications for communication in distributed real-time systems (2002)

State-based languages have been used to specify, simulate and analyze the requirements of a number of real-time systems. However, because of the limited facilities for specifying the communication requirements of the various components, the analysis of the components and communication interfaces is also restricted. 
In this dissertation we present a new state-based requirements formalism called condition-based state machines. We describe a method for mapping descriptions of a variety of styles of inter-component communication into condition-based state machines that can then be integrated with component descriptions that are also expressed in a state-based requirements language. 
These combined descriptions can then be used for simulation and potentially other state-machine analysis techniques.
Age-specific severity of SARS-CoV-2 in February 2020 – June 2021 in the Netherlands (2023)

Abstract Background Severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection may vary over time. Here, we estimate age-specific risks of hospitalization, ICU admission and death given infection in the Netherlands from February 2020 to June 2021. Methods A nationwide longitudinal serology study was used to estimate numbers of infections in three epidemic periods (February 2020 – June 2020, July 2020 – February 2021, March 2021 – June 2021). We accounted for reinfections and, as vaccination started in January 2021, breakthrough infections among vaccinated persons. Severity estimates were inferred by combining numbers of infections with aligned numbers of hospitalizations and ICU admissions from a national hospital-based registry, and aligned numbers of deaths based on national excess all-cause mortality estimates. Results In each period there was a nearly consistent pattern of accelerating, almost exponential, increase in severity of infection with age. The rate of increase with age was highest for death and lowest for hospitalization. In the first period, the overall risk of hospitalization, ICU admission and death were 1.5% (95%-confidence interval [CI] 1.3-1.8%), 0.36% (95%-CI: 0.31-0.42%) and 1.2% (95%-CI: 1.0-1.4), respectively. The risk of hospitalization was higher in the following periods, while the risk of ICU admission remained stable. The risk of death decreased over time, with a substantial drop among ≥70-years-olds in February 2021 – June 2021. Conclusion The accelerating increase in severity of SARS-CoV-2 with age remained intact during the first three epidemic periods in the Netherlands. The substantial drop in risk of death among elderly in the third period coincided with the introduction of COVID-19 vaccination.
Genotype imputation workflow v3.0 v1 (2018)

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COVID ‐19 vaccination in patients with heart failure: a position paper of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology (2021)

Patients with heart failure (HF) who contract SARS-CoV-2 infection are at a higher risk of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Regardless of therapeutic attempts in COVID-19, vaccination remains the most promising global approach at present for controlling this disease. There are several concerns and misconceptions regarding the clinical indications, optimal mode of delivery, safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines for patients with HF. This document provides guidance to all healthcare professionals regarding the implementation of a COVID-19 vaccination scheme in patients with HF. COVID-19 vaccination is indicated in all patients with HF, including those who are immunocompromised (e.g. after heart transplantation receiving immunosuppressive therapy) and with frailty syndrome. It is preferable to vaccinate against COVID-19 patients with HF in an optimal clinical state, which would include clinical stability, adequate hydration and nutrition, optimized treatment of HF and other comorbidities (including iron deficiency), but corrective measures should not be allowed to delay vaccination. Patients with HF who have been vaccinated against COVID-19 need to continue precautionary measures, including the use of facemasks, hand hygiene and social distancing. Knowledge on strategies preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection (including the COVID-19 vaccination) should be included in the comprehensive educational programmes delivered to patients with HF.
Real-Time Support of Haptic Interaction by Means of Sampling-Based Path Planning (2010)

We have developed SamPP, a generic sampling-based path planning library and successfully applied to a variety of robots and environments. Due to the implementation of RRT and PRM algorithms, SamPP is able to solve low- as well as high-dimensional problems efficiently. The ability to solve a high-dimensional path planning scenarios has been shown by the example of ViSHaRD10, a robot with 10 DOF. Furthermore, we evaluated the performance of SamPP for executing path planning for different car doors with 2 DOF within an (in terms of free configuration space) very demanding environment. For the case of 300 to 400 obstacles, nearly "worst-case" placed in the workspace of these car doors, we found typical mean values for the path planning time in the area of 50 ms for RRTs, 1500 ms for building a PRM and 30 ms for PRM queries. The evaluation results show that the performance of SamPP indeed is sufficient for the haptic real-time assistance of a human in various scenarios with 2 DOF. Independently of the planning algorithm, the path postprocessing seems to work quite well if there are no overly narrow passages in the C-space of the robot. Based on these results, we developed a "real-time" haptic support method and applied it to a virtual car door. An experimental user study revealed that the haptic support is appreciated by the users. Furthermore, we enhanced the path planning performance for unknown or dynamical environments significantly by the OR-Parallelization of different path planning queries. This Generalized OR-Parallelization is a novel concept that to the best knowledge of the authors has not been proposed beforehand. We showed that for the case of dynamic environments the likelihood of a fast path planning result is higher with our approach. Finally, we highlight four promising research directions to exploit the advantages of the concept of Generalized OR-Parallelization: 1) Combination of PRMs and RRTs to achieve synergy of the advantages of both concepts, 2) concurrent use of different parameter sets of
Evaluation of changeover control policies by singular value analysis—Effects of scaling (1985)

Abstract A method for assessing control performance at different operating conditions in a chemical process is developed using singular value analysis. The control potential of the system is established by analyzing the singular values of the steady‐state system matrix. Dynamic considerations and interaction analysis can be included in the framework of the method described. The approach enables the process engineer to consider controllability of the process as well as economics in synthesizing a changeover control policy. Singular values depend on the scaling of the system, i.e., the definition of the physical dimensions of the system. The effects of scaling on the analysis are first investigated by scaling the steady‐state system matrix with empirical methods, equilibration, and geometric scaling. Using the insights gained from these studies a scaling method, variable normalization and equation equilibration, which is intuitively appealing and suited for the purpose, is devised. Two typical systems, continuous stirred tank reactor and a polymerization reaction system, demonstrate the usefulness of this method.
Max-Min Optimal Beamforming for Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2020)

This letter develops an optimum beamforming method for downlink transmissions in cell-free massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, which employ a massive number of distributed access points to provide concurrent services to multiple users. The optimum design is formulated as a max-min problem that maximizes the minimum signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio of all users. It is shown analytically that the problem is quasi-concave, and the optimum solution is obtained with the second-order cone programming. The proposed method identifies the best achievable beamforming performance in cell-free massive MIMO systems. The results can be used as benchmarks for the design of practical low complexity beamformers.
Itraconazole resistance of Trichophyton rubrum mediated by the ABC transporter TruMDR2 (2021)

Our study highlights the possible role of the ABC transporter TruMDR2 in ITC resistance of T. rubrum.
First report of Hirschmanniella gracilis in the UK causing necrosis to roots of tall fescue (2010)

In July 2009, the obligate migratory endoparasitic nematode Hirschmanniella gracilis (de Man, 1880) Luc & Goodey, 1964 was found parasitising roots of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) collected from a riverbank, in the grounds of Castle Howard, York, UK (54.1236°N 0.9165°W). Symptoms of infestation included large necrotic lesions and stunting of roots. This is a new UK record for this genus, in which 37 of the 38 valid species (Sturhan & Hallmann, 2010) are listed in Annex IAI of Council Directive 2000/29/EC. This population has regularly areolated outer bands of the lateral field with occasional commissures present between inner incisures. The subventral pharyngeal glands end in a narrow extension. The shape of tail terminus and length of post anal intestinal sac were variable. Morphometrics of adult females were within reported ranges and are summarised thus (n = 9): L = 2.2 ± 0.1 (2.1-2.3) mm, a = 67.0 ± 5.2 (54.6-74.0), c = 17.8 ± 1.1 (15.6-19.0), c' = 5.4 ± 0.5 (4.8-6.7), V = 52.5 ± 1.7 (49.8-54.8), stylet = 22.5 ± 0.3 (22.1-22.8) μm, tail = 123 ± 12.1 (108-146) μm. Specimens were preserved in TAF, processed to glycerol (Hooper, 1986) and deposited as voucher specimens in The Food and Environment Research Agency nematode collection.
General recipe for designing photonic crystal cavities (2005)

We describe a general recipe for designing high-quality factor (Q) photonic crystal cavities with small mode volumes. We first derive a simple expression for out-of-plane losses in terms of the k-space distribution of the cavity mode. Using this, we select a field that will result in a high Q. We then derive an analytical relation between the cavity field and the dielectric constant along a high symmetry direction, and use it to confine our desired mode. By employing this inverse problem approach, we are able to design photonic crystal cavities with Q > 4 ? 10(6) and mode volumes V ~ (lambda/n)(3). Our approach completely eliminates parameter space searches in photonic crystal cavity design, and allows rapid optimization of a large range of photonic crystal cavities. Finally, we study the limit of the out-of-plane cavity Q and mode volume ratio.
Lumpectomy Plus Tamoxifen With or Without Irradiation in Women Age 70 Years or Older With Early Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of CALGB 9343 (2013)

With long-term follow-up, the previously observed small improvement in locoregional recurrence with the addition of radiation therapy remains. However, this does not translate into an advantage in OS, distant disease-free survival, or breast preservation. Depending on the value placed on local recurrence, Tam remains a reasonable option for women age ≥ 70 years with ER-positive early-stage breast cancer.
PAPR and SFDR of an OFDM-RoF link (2008)

This paper presents design tradeoffs between PAPR and SFDR using an RF amplifier in an OFDM-RoF link, depending on number of subcarriers. PAPR degradation of 2 dB for 512 subcarriers showed SFDR gain of 25 dB.Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> .