gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Mounted Vehicle Property Sensing for Cooperative Vehicle Infrastructure Systems (2009)

This paper presents first results for vehicle detection and vehicle property estimation based on the assessment of traffic induced vibrations in the road surface. A surface mounted 3D accelerometer device is used to register the vibrations in the surface. Acquired data from experiments on roads are used to design methods that are able to detect vehicle passages, estimate the number of axles of a vehicle and also deduce the wheel-base for passenger cars. Evaluation of the methods indicate that the accelerometer based approach is feasible and should be further developed in order to deduce vehicle properties like vehicle speed and distance to sensing device from one device. Moreover, results for the vehicle detection on real-life traffic data from the E4 in northern Sweden are summarized.
An essential role for mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase in nitroglycerin bioactivation (2005)

The identity of the cellular mechanisms through which nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) elicits nitric oxide (NO)-based signaling to dilate blood vessels remains one of the longest standing foci of investigation and sources of controversy in cardiovascular biology. Recent evidence suggests an unexpected role for mitochondria. We show here that bioconversion by mitochondria of clinically relevant concentrations of GTN results in activation of guanylate cyclase, production of cGMP, vasodilation in vitro, and lowered blood pressure in vivo, which are eliminated by genetic deletion of the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (mtALDH). In contrast, generation of vasoactivity from alternative nitro(so)-vasodilators is unaffected. In mtALDH(-/-) mice and their isolated vascular tissue, GTN bioactivity can still be generated, but only at substantially higher concentrations of GTN and by a mechanism that does not exhibit tolerance. Thus, mtALDH is necessary and sufficient for vasoactivity derived from therapeutic levels of GTN, and, more generally, mitochondria can serve as a source of NO-based cellular signals that may originate independently of NO synthase activity.
Cover Picture: Spatially Localized Photoluminescence at 1.5 Micrometers Wavelength in Direct Laser Written Optical Nanostructures (Adv. Mater. 21/2008) (2008)

A grand challenge in 3D nanolithography is to place near-IR photoluminescent guests precisely where desired in a high-refractive-index nanostructured host. This objective has now been reduced to practice, as reported by Georg von Freymann, Sean Wong, and coworkers on p. 4097, by using direct laser writing in an As2S3 all-inorganic photoresist doped with Er3+ ions. Such precise placement is considered a key step towards miniaturized optical, electro-optical, and photonic devices. Cover artwork by M.S. Rill.
Interprotein Electron Transfer between FeS‐Protein Nanowires and Oxygen‐Tolerant NiFe Hydrogenase (2017)

Self-assembled redox protein nanowires have been exploited as efficient electron shuttles for an oxygen-tolerant hydrogenase. An intra/inter-protein electron transfer chain has been achieved between the iron-sulfur centers of rubredoxin and the FeS cluster of [NiFe] hydrogenases. [NiFe] Hydrogenases entrapped in the intricated matrix of metalloprotein nanowires achieve a stable, mediated bioelectrocatalytic oxidation of H<sub>2</sub> at low-overpotential.
Applying fuzzy logic for decision-making on Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

We propose a fuzzy-based decision-making mechanism for selecting data dissemination protocols in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Its goal is to select the most efficient protocol considering network performance and application-specific requirements. The mechanism relies on performing simulations and on defining and executing a two-tier fuzzy system. First, well-known WSN protocols are simulated over different scenarios and application requirements to feed a knowledge base. Then, a set of fuzzy systems are built based on the simulation results. A methodology for guiding the building of the knowledge base was developed. A case study is described to validate the mechanism and demonstrate its employment and usefulness.
Detection and classiﬁcation of threat agents via high‐content assays of mammalian cells (2004)

One property common to all chemical or biological threat agents is that they damage mammalian cells. A threat detection and classification method based on the effects of compounds on cells has been developed. This method employs high-content screening (HCS), a concept in drug discovery that enables those who practice cell-based assays to generate deeper biological information about the compounds they are testing. A commercial image-based cell screening platform comprising fluorescent reagents, automated image acquisition hardware, image analysis algorithms, data management and informatics was used to develop assays and detection/classification methods for threat agents. These assays measure a cell's response to a compound, which may include activation or inhibition of signal transduction pathways, morphological changes or cytotoxic effects. Data on cell responses to a library of compounds was collected and used as a training set. At the EILATox-Oregon Workshop, cellular responses following exposure to unknown samples were measured by conducting assays of p38 MAP kinase, NF-kappaB, extracellular-signal related kinase (ERK) MAP kinase, cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB), cell permeability, lysosomal mass and nuclear morphology. Although the assays appeared to perform well, only four of the nine toxic samples were detected. However the system was specific, because no false positives were detected. Opportunities for improvement to the system were identified during the course of this enlightening workshop. Some of these improvements were applied in subsequent tests in the Cellomics laboratories, resulting in a higher level of detection. Thus, an HCS approach was shown to have potential in detecting threat agents, but additional work is necessary to make this a comprehensive detection and classification system.
A Small Displacement DI Diesel Engine Concept for High Fuel Economy Vehicles (1997)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The small-displacement direct-injection (DI) diesel engine is a prime candidate for future transportation needs because of its high thermal efficiency combined with near term production feasibility. Ford Motor Company and FEV Engine Technology, Inc. are working together with the US Department of Energy to develop a small displacement DI diesel engine that meets the key challenges of emissions, NVH, and power density. The targets for the engine are to meet ULEV emission standards while maintaining a best fuel consumption of 200g/kW-hr. The NVH performance goal is transparency with state-of-the-art, four-cylinder gasoline vehicles.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Advanced features are required to meet the ambitious targets for this engine. Small-bore combustion systems enable the downsizing of the engine required for high fuel economy with the NVH advantages a four- cylinder has over a three-cylinder engine. Initial single cylinder engine testing indicated that a 300cc per cylinder engine concept is capable of meeting the power and torque targets of the vehicle. The enhanced features of this engine concept include a four-valve combustion system, a variable geometry turbocharger with intercooling as well as a high pressure common rail fuel system and electric EGR. These features offer high charge density, the maximum flexibility for injection pressure control, and fast response transient control features necessary to achieve high BMEP and low fuel consumption as well as low emissions in a small-bore DI engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper presents the major features of the design concept and combustion system. Benchmarking with state-of-the-art DI diesel engine technology allows a detailed assessment of the capabilities and development potential for this new engine concept.&lt;/div&gt;
Calculation of molecular parameters for stepwise polyfunctional polymerization (1979)

Abstract Our recursive method is extended to calculate several new parameters for stepwise polyfunctional polymerization. In the pregel region we calculate weight average molecular weight, M w , for polydisperse reactants and effective average functionality, f e , of a reacting mixture. These quantities are useful for systems employing reactive oligomers. We also calculate weight average number of branches per molecule, B w , and the weight average of a longest chain. These should be useful for viscosity relations. In the postgel region we give relations for the extent of reaction in the soluble fraction. This result can be used to calculate sol properties directly from existing pregel relations. We also calculate the weight fraction of pendant chains on the gel, w p , and the average molecular weight of the elastically effective network chains, M c , w .
Broadband mine detection and classification—Preliminary results from a set of low-frequency shallow-water experiments (1996)

Mine counter measures (MCM) sonars have seen accelerated development over the last few years as Navy interests have shifted into shallow-water operations. To find mines, most MCM sonar technologies use relatively high-frequency and narrow-band signals to produce high-resolution images of the seafloor. Even so, the problem of discriminating between proud mines and similarly sized false targets and of detecting buried mines at ranges of several hundred meters remains very difficult. The Applied Physics Laboratory-University of Washington in conjunction with Arete Engineering and Technologies Corporation-San Diego have been conducting shallow-water experiments with a relatively low-frequency and very broadband (2–20 kHz) sonar. The use of low frequencies permits greater penetration into bottom sediments and very broadband signals mitigate the lack of spatial resolution expected from a narrow-band analysis. A description of the sonar and of the experiments conducted in Puget Sound using mines and minelike false targets will be presented, as well as some preliminary results illustrating the kinds of signal processing approaches that have been developed.
Oligonucleotide Tagging for Copper-Free Click Conjugation (2013)

Copper-free click chemistry between cyclooctynes and azide is a mild, fast and selective technology for conjugation of oligonucleotides. However, technology for site-specific introduction of the requisite probes by automated protocols is scarce, while the reported cyclooctynes are large and hydrophobic. In this work, it is demonstrated that the introduction of bicyclo[6.1.0]nonyne (BCN) into synthetic oligonucleotides is feasible by standard solid-phase phosphoramidite chemistry. A range of phosphoramidite building blocks is presented for incoporation of BCN or azide, either on-support or in solution. The usefulness of the approach is demonstrated by the straightforward and high-yielding conjugation of the resulting oligonucleotides, including biotinylation, fluorescent labeling, dimerization and attachment to polymer.
High-brightness InGaAlP green light-emitting diodes (1992)

Candela class InGaAlP surface-emission green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) have been successfully fabricated. The growth of InGaAlP on an intentionally misoriented substrate improved emission properties, as confirmed by a quantitative estimation of the diffusion length in the active material. A Bragg reflector using InGaAlP was realized for the first time. A new device structure, including this Bragg reflector, drastically improved the light extraction efficiency. An external quantum efficiency of 0.7% at 573 nm green light was obtained, corresponding to a luminous intensity of 2 cd.
Manufacturing Neurons from Human Embryonic Stem Cells: Biological and Regulatory Aspects to Develop a Safe Cellular Product for Stroke Cell Therapy (2009)

Demographic trends, particularly those related to longer life expectancy, suggest that the demand for tissue and organ transplants will further increase since many disorders result from degeneration, injury or organ failure. The most urgent problem in transplantation medicine is the shortage or lack of suitable donor organs and tissue, leading to ethical and societal problems such as organ trafficking. The discovery of stem cells in the inner cell mass of developing embryos and in adult tissue has revolutionized the medical field by introducing new therapeutic dimensions to consider for previously untreatable diseases and injuries. The unlimited self-renewal ability and pluripotent capacity to become any cell type of the organism make human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) a compelling source of cells to study tissue histogenesis and to apply in a wide array of tissue engineering, cell transplantation therapy and drug discovery applications. In this article, we will focus on hESCs and address the derivation of therapeutic neural stem cell lines from hESCs, as well as the biological and regulatory aspects to developing a safe cellular product for stroke cell therapy.
Directed Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Microglia (2020)

Microglia, the immune cells of the brain, are crucial to proper development and maintenance of the CNS, and their involvement in numerous neurological disorders is increasingly being recognized. To improve our understanding of human microglial biology, we devised a chemically defined protocol to generate human microglia from pluripotent stem cells. Myeloid progenitors expressing CD14/CX3CR1 were generated within 30 days of differentiation from both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Further differentiation of the progenitors resulted in ramified microglia with highly motile processes, expressing typical microglial markers. Analyses of gene expression and cytokine release showed close similarities between iPSC-derived (iPSC-MG) and human primary microglia as well as clear distinctions from macrophages. iPSC-MG were able to phagocytose and responded to ADP by producing intracellular Ca 2+ transients, whereas macrophages lacked such response. The differentiation protocol was highly reproducible across several pluripotent stem cell lines.
Plasmonics—turning loss into gain (2016)

The optical losses usually associated with plasmonic materials could be used in applications
Regional Extent of Peripheral Suppression in Amblyopia (2017)

In amblyopia, suppression is present beyond the central 10° in patients with strabismus. Suppression becomes weaker at greater eccentricities and this may enable peripheral fusion that could be used by binocular treatment methods.
Grundlagen der Modellbildung (2017)

No AccessElektrifizierung in der FahrzeugtechnikOct 2017Grundlagen der ModellbildungOliver ZirnOliver Zirnhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446453647.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2017Pages: 121-144Print ISBN: 978-3-446-45094-3eISBN: 978-3-446-45364-7 Copyright & Permissions© 2017 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Cascading of χ(2) for χ(3) Nonlinearities (1992)

The cascading of second order nonlinearities (χ (2) : χ (2) to induce a nonlinear phase distortion on the input beam has recently received considerable attention[1,2] We estimate that materials with large second order nonlinearities (≃10 2 pm/V) will give rise to effective nonlinear refractive indices, <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="eq1" display="inline"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mtext>n</mml:mtext> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>eff</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , of 10 –12 to 10 –10 esu. These nonlinearities are truly nonresonant and can be in a lossless spectral region (i.e. loss determined by impurities and defects). An important difference between this nonlinearity and a true χ (3) nonlinearity is that the sign is readily changed by, for example, changing the phase matching condition.
Online User Location Inference Exploiting Spatiotemporal Correlations in Social Streams (2014)

The location profiles of social media users are valuable for various applications, such as marketing and real-world analysis. As most users do not disclose their home locations, the problem of inferring home locations has been well studied in recent years. In fact, most existing methods perform batch inference using static (i.e., pre-stored) social media contents. However, social media contents are generated and delivered in real-time as social streams. In this situation, it is important to continuously update current inference results based on the newly arriving contents to improve the results over time. Moreover, it is effective for location inference to use the spatiotemporal correlation between contents and locations. The main idea of this paper is that we can infer the locations of users who simultaneously post about a local event (e.g., earthquakes). Hence, in this paper, we propose an online location inference method over social streams that exploits the spatiotemporal correlation, achieving 1) continuous updates with low computational and storage costs, and 2) better inference accuracy than that of existing methods. The experimental results using a Twitter dataset show that our method reduces the inference error to less than 68% of existing methods. The results also show that the proposed method can update inference results in constant time regardless of the amount of accumulated contents.
Electrothermally actuated free space board-to-board optical interconnect with zero power hold (2009)

We present an electrothermally actuated MEMS lens scanner for board-to-board free-space optical interconnect systems capable of zero standby power. U-shaped thermal brakes, and lens frames are designed, fabricated, and characterized with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSELs) for dynamic beam steering. We demonstrate up to 170 mum displacement, at a maximum speed of 350 mum/s. The mechanical brakes have a holding force of 1.6 mN with switching speeds of up to 100 Hz. A telecentric (4-f) optical interconnect operating at 1.25 Gb/s is demonstrated. The microlens scanner increases the tilt tolerance of the board by 2.5deg.
Preparation of (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Thin Films by the Mist Microwave-Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition Method (1993)

Superconducting thin films of (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O were prepared on single-crystal MgO(100) substrates by the mist microwave-plasma chemical vapor deposition method. The prepared films constituted of the 2212 and 2201 phases with c -axis orientation perpendicular to the substrates. The dependence of critical temperature of films on the input mole ratio of oxygen O R =F O 2 /(F O 2 +total F Ar ) was investigated. The maximum critical temperature (78 K) of as-deposited films was obtained at the input molar ratio of oxygen about of 0.60 and the microwave power of 300 W.
The efficacy, safety and immunogenicity Nanocovax: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 3 trial (2022)

Summary Background Nanocovax is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 subunit vaccine composed of full-length prefusion stabilized recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins (S-2P) and aluminum hydroxide adjuvant. In a Phase 1 and 2 studies, ( NCT04683484 ) the vaccine was found to be safe and induce a robust immune response in healthy adult participants. Methods We conducted a multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy of the Nanocovax vaccine against Covid-19 in approximately 13,007 volunteers aged 18 years and over. The immunogenicity was assessed based on Anti-S IgG antibody response, surrogate virus neutralization, wild-type SARS-CoV-2 neutralization and the types of helper T-cell response by intracellular staining (ICS) for interferon gamma (IFNg) and interleukin-4 (IL-4). The vaccine efficacy (VE) was calculated basing on serologically confirmed cases of Covid-19. Findings Up to day 180, incidences of solicited and unsolicited adverse events (AE) were similar between vaccine and placebo groups. 100 serious adverse events (SAE) were observed in both vaccine and placebo groups (out of total 13007 participants). 96 out of these 100 SAEs were determined to be unrelated to the investigational products. 4 SAEs were possibly related, as determined by the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) and investigators. Reactogenicity was absent or mild in the majority of participants and of short duration. These findings highlight the excellent safety profile of Nanocovax. Regarding immunogenicity, Nanocovax induced robust IgG and neutralizing antibody responses. Importantly, Anti S-IgG levels and neutralizing antibody titers on day 42 were higher than those of natural infected cases. Nanocovax was found to induce Th2 polarization rather than Th1. Post-hoc analysis showed that the VE against symptomatic disease was 51.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] was [34.4%-64.1%]. VE against severe illness and death were 93.3% [62.2-98.1]. Notably, the dominant strain during the period of this study was Delta variant. Interpretation Nanocovax 25 microgram (mcg) was found to be safe with the efficacy against symptomatic infection of Delta variant of 51.5%. Funding Research was funded by Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC., and the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04922788 .
Porous Rare-Earth Aluminate Fiber Coatings for Oxide-Oxide Composites (2008)

A porous-oxide fiber coating concept was investigated for oxide matrices reinforced with Nextel™ 610 fibers. Polymeric-solution-derived lanthanum hexaluminate (LaMnAl11O19) with a fugitive carbon phase and yttrium-aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) with a fugitive carbon phase were chosen as porous fiber coatings. Matrices of Blackglas™ or alumina were used to form minicomposites. Ultimate tensile strengths were used to evaluate the effect of the porous coatings on tow and minicomposite strengths. The porous lanthanum hexaluminate coating resulted in tow strength degradation of ∼40%. The porous YAG coatings did not reduce the strength of the tow when heated in argon and degraded the tow strength by only ∼15% after heating in air to 1200°C for 2 h. Both rare-earth aluminate porous coatings greatly increased the strengths of minicomposites over control minicomposites with no fiber coating.
Experiments on coherent adaptive antenna array diversity for wideband DS-CDMA mobile radio (2000)

In wideband direct sequence code division multiple access (W-CDMA), employing an adaptive antenna array is a very promising technique to reduce severe multiple access interference (MAI) from high rate users. A four-antenna pilot symbol-assisted coherent adaptive antenna array diversity (PSA-CAAAD) receiver comprising an adaptive antenna array based on a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion and a RAKE combiner is implemented in preliminary laboratory and field experiments. There are two important design concepts of the PSA-CAAAD receiver. The first is that the adaptive antenna array forms an antenna beam for each resolved propagation path and tracks only slow changes in the directions of arrival (DOAs) and average powers of the desired and interfering user signals. The second is that the RAKE combiner tracks the instantaneous changes in channel conditions and coherently combines the signals of the desired user propagating along the resolved paths to maximize the instantaneous signal-to-interference plus background noise power ratio (SINR). This paper presents, both by laboratory and field experiments, the effectiveness of PSA-CAAAD receiver as a powerful means to reduce severe MAI from high rate users, and that it is more effective than using a space diversity receiver with the same number of antennas in the W-CDMA reverse link.