gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Additive value of [18F]PI-2620 perfusion imaging in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal syndrome (2022)

[<sup>18</sup>F]PI-2620 perfusion imaging mirrors known topology of regional hypoperfusion in 4RTs. Single region hypoperfusion is not specific for 4RTs, but perfusion pattern expression may provide an additive value for the discrimination of 4RTs from other neurodegenerative diseases and correlates closer with clinical severity than tau pattern expression.
The Light–Tissue Interaction of Pulse Oximetry (2007)

The underlying science of pulse oximetry is based on a simple manipulation of the Lambert-Beer law, which describes the attenuation of light traveling through a mixture of absorbers. Signals from detected red and infrared light that has traveled through blood-perfused tissues are used to estimate the underlying arterial hemoglobin oxygen saturation. However, light scatters in tissue and influences some of the simplifications made in determining this relationship. Under most clinical circumstances, the empirical process that manufacturers use to calibrate the system during its design readily accommodates this and results in accurate readings. The same tissue light scattering properties allow sensors to be configured for use on opposing or adjacent surfaces, provided that the placement sites offer sufficient signal strength and are absent factors known to influence accuracy. In this paper I review the light-tissue interaction in pulse oximetry and describe some of the assumptions made and their implications. Certain deviations from the nominal conditions, whether clinical in nature or misuse of the product, can affect system performance. Consequently, users should be cautious in modifying sensors and/or using them on tissue sites not intended by the manufacturer (off-label use). While perhaps helpful for obtaining pulsatile signals or extending the lifetime of a sensor, some practices can disrupt the optical integrity of the measurement and negatively impact the oxygen saturation reading accuracy.
THISL progress report (1999)

Progress report summarizing work on the Thematic Indexing of Spoken Language (THISL) project, including the integration of the Thomson NLP parser into the GUI and the application of an MSG acoustic model to BBC data.
Lateral spatial effects of feedback in gain-guided and broad-area semiconductor lasers (1996)

Starting from Fresnel diffraction theory, we derive analytic expressions for the lateral spatial dependence of feedback fields for the cases of conventional and phase-conjugate optical feedback. By using numerical simulations we show that for narrow-stripe gain-guided lasers, both types of optical feedback from an external cavity can convert the twin-lobed far fields into a nearly single-lobed far field. We also find that conventional and phase-conjugate feedbacks in broad-area lasers induce a spatial modulation of the lateral field that increases the tendency for filamentation at moderate (-30 dB) feedback levels.
BIQUADRATIC EXCHANGE ENERGY IN RUBY-0.5% Cr2O3 (1963)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. Kisliuk, W. F. Krupke; BIQUADRATIC EXCHANGE ENERGY IN RUBY‐0.5% Cr2O3. Appl. Phys. Lett. 15 December 1963; 3 (12): 215–217. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1753854 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
XACML profile and implementation for authorization interoperability between OSG and EGEE (2009)

The Open Science Grid (OSG) and the Enabling Grids for E-sciencE (EGEE) have a common security model, based on Public Key Infrastructure. Grid resources grant access to users because of their membership in a Virtual Organization (VO), rather than on personal identity. Users push VO membership information to resources in the form of identity attributes, thus declaring that resources will be consumed on behalf of a specific group inside the organizational structure of the VO. Resources contact an access policies repository, centralized at each site, to grant the appropriate privileges for that VO group. Before the work in this paper, despite the commonality of the model, OSG and EGEE used different protocols for the communication between resources and the policy repositories. Hence, middleware developed for one Grid could not naturally be deployed on the other Grid, since the authorization module of the middleware would have to be enhanced to support the other Grid's communication protocol. In addition, maintenance and support for different authorization call-out protocols represents a duplication of effort for our relatively small community. To address these issues, OSG and EGEE initiated a joint project on authorization interoperability. The project defined a common communication protocol and attribute identity profile for authorization call-out and provided implementation and integration with major Grid middleware. The activity had resonance with middleware development communities, such as the Globus Toolkit and Condor, who decided to join the collaboration and contribute requirements and software. In this paper, we discuss the main elements of the profile, its implementation, and deployment in EGEE and OSG. We focus in particular on the operations of the authorization infrastructures of both Grids.
Intermetallic ZrPd3-Embedded Nanoporous ZrC as an Efficient and Stable Catalyst of the Suzuki Cross-Coupling Reaction (2020)

The Suzuki cross-coupling reaction, which is generally catalyzed by Pd-based materials, is a practical approach to create C–C bonds. Although heterogeneous catalysts, including metal-loaded and intermetallic catalysts, afford simple reaction conditions and catalyst reusability, it is challenging to achieve high catalytic activity, durability, and Pd-atom economy together in a single catalyst. Herein, we report the successful preparation of Pd–ZrC, a Pd-based catalyst with the described desirable features. In it, a-few-nanometer-sized nanoparticles of intermetallic ZrPd3 are uniformly dispersed on the surface of nanoporous ZrC with a surface area of 340–450 m2 g–1. As a result of the presence of electron-rich Pd sites and the material’s strong electron-donating ability, Pd–ZrC achieved high catalytic performance in Suzuki cross-coupling reactions at room temperature. Because a low Pd content (1 wt %) is sufficient to produce highly catalytically active Pd–ZrC, this material represents a great improvement in terms of Pd-atom economy over previously reported catalysts. Moreover, no catalytic degradation was noted over up to the presented 15 reaction cycles as the active Pd sites were stabilized in the ZrPd3 lattice. These results indicate that Pd–ZrC has the advantages of both metal-loaded and intermetallic catalysts, providing an approach to enhance the degree of freedom for designing heterogeneous catalysts.
Cellular-V2X QoS Adaptive Distributed Congestion Control: A Deep Q Network Approach (2023)

Distributed congestion control (DCC) is a representative algorithm for improving the performance of Cellular-V2X (C-V2X) in dense vehicle scenarios. Since the existing DCC algorithms are not designed to respond to the target value of the Quality of Service (QoS) parameter adaptively, they can improve communication performance to some extent but do not guarantee the achievement of the target value. To solve this problem, we propose a deep Q network (DQN)-based QoS adaptive DCC algorithm in C-V2X Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) communication. In particular, considering the limitations of the V2V network, where the exchange of state and reward information between vehicles is limited, we adopt a central controller (single agent) to train the congestion control policy and then distribute the completed policy to each vehicle for distributed execution. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm satisfies the target QoS more effectively than the standardized ETSI DCC algorithm.
Crystalline Li(sub 3)PO(sub 4)/SiO(sub 4) solid solutions as an electrolyte for film batteries using sputtered cathode layers (2003)

Crystalline solid solutions of 1:1 Li3PO4/SiO4 were synthesized and tested electrochemically using thin film, physical vapor deposited electrodes. After cathode deposition, the electrolyte/cathode structures were annealed at 700 degrees Celsius for 2 hours, a process that resulted in cathode crystallization without encouraging deleterious interfacial reactions. Results indicate that the electrolyte functioned well in this configuration.
Urokinase mediates fibrinolysis in the pulmonary microvasculature (2000)

Abstract The role of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and its receptor (uPAR) in fibrinolysis remains unsettled. The contribution of uPA may depend on the vascular location, the physical properties of the clot, and its impact on tissue function. To study the contribution of urokinase within the pulmonary microvasculature, a model of pulmonary microembolism in the mouse was developed. Iodine 125 (125I)–labeled fibrin microparticles injected intravenously through the tail vein lodged preferentially in the lung, distributing homogeneously throughout the lobes. Clearance of125I-microemboli in wild type mice was rapid and essentially complete by 5 hours. In contrast, uPA−/− and tissue-type plasminogen activator tPA−/− mice, but not uPAR−/− mice, showed a marked impairment in pulmonary fibrinolysis throughout the experimental period. The phenotype in the uPA−/− mouse was rescued completely by infusion of single chain uPA (scuPA). The increment in clot lysis was 4-fold greater in uPA−/− mice infused with the same concentration of scuPA complexed with soluble recombinant uPAR. These data indicate that uPA contributes to endogenous fibrinolysis in the pulmonary vasculature to the same extent as tPA in this model system. Binding of scuPA to its receptor promotes fibrinolytic activity in vivo as well as in vitro. The physical properties of fibrin clots, including size, age, and cellular composition, as well as heterogeneity in endothelial cell function, may modify the participation of uPA in endogenous fibrinolysis.
A rapid paper-based blood typing method from droplet wicking (2020)

Paper-based diagnostics are leading the field of low-cost, point of care analytical techniques. However, large scale testing facilities such as hospitals are still primarily using the gel column agglutination technique. This is because paper-based systems are single use tests that are generally more time consuming and less automatable than traditional methods. Here, we present a novel, rapid and scalable, paper-based blood typing method that can produce test results in under ten seconds. We believe this is the fastest blood typing test that is appropriate for large scale automation. The test consists of placing a drop of antibody solution on paper, followed by a drop of blood on the same locus, and measuring the evolution of blood stain area as a function of time. Positive reactions for both forward and reverse tests have significantly slower growth rates and smaller final stain sizes when compared to negatives. We analyse the effect paper type, red blood cell concentration, antibody specificity (A, B and D) and antibody dilution have on the sensitivity and reproducibility of the technique. A high sensitivity is found in papers with a low density and thickness. The optimum red blood cell concentration is determined from a balance between wicking rate, strength of reaction and optical contrast. A and B antibodies give more sensitive results than D; however, the D antigen can still be successfully identified. This technique has the potential to significantly cut down the time and cost of blood typing tests and enable design of a new high throughput and fully automatable system.
MP13-02 IN MEN WITH PROSTATE MRI LESIONS, WHEN CAN WE FORGO SYSTEMATIC BIOPSIES? (2020)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Multiple recent studies have suggested combined MRI-targeted and 12-core systematic biopsies lead to improved clinically significant cancer detection. However, increasing the number of prostate biopsy cores can increase urinary and infectious complications. We sought to determine if systematic biopsy could be safely forgone in some patients based on pre-biopsy PIRADS score. METHODS: Between April 2015 and January 2019, patients enrolled in a prospective nationally registered clinical trial evaluating the use of MRI-targeted fusion biopsy(NCT00102544). All patients with MRI visible lesions underwent MRI-targeted and systematic biopsies during the same setting for prostate cancer diagnosis. The highest Gleason Grade(GG) cancer detected by each biopsy method was recorded and stratified by MRI PIRADS v2 score. Additional clinically significant cancer(GG 4+3=7) detected by MRI targeted or systematic biopsy were calculated. RESULTS: In total, 723 men with PIRADS≥2 lesions underwent prostate biopsy. PIRADS score of 2, 3, 4, and 5 lesions were detected in 51(7.1%), 87(12.0%), 346(47.9%), and 239(33.1%) biopsied men, respectively. Among PIRADS 5 (n=239) patients, cancer was diagnosed in 226(94.6%). If MRI targeted biopsies were performed, the addition of systematic biopsies only led to 0.8% (n=2) more detection of GG≥3 patients. In both of these patients, the MRI targeted biopsy alone characterized these patients as GG=2 cancer whereas systematic biopsy diagnosed them as GG=3 cancer. Men with PIRADS scores of 4, 3, and 2 had greater rates of additional GG≥3 cancer detection by systematic biopsy compared to PIRADS 5 lesions (See Table). Of men with PIRADS 4, 3, and 2 scores, 12(3.5%), 3(3.5%), and 1(2%) patients were diagnosed with GG≥3 cancer by systematic biopsy alone, respectively, and 26(7.5%), 2(2.3%), and 1(2%) patients were diagnosed by MRI-targeted biopsy only, respectively. Combination biopsy of these patients had a greater likelihood of detecting clinically significant cancer than either targeted or systematic biopsy alone. CONCLUSIONS: For men with PIRADS 5 lesions on prostate MRI, omission of systematic biopsies in favor of targeted biopsy alone leads to a marginal decline in cancer diagnosis. However, for PIRADS 2-4 lesions, systematic biopsy adds significant diagnostic value and should be considered in combination with MRI-targeted biopsy.Source of Funding: This research was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH.
Carbonyl(chloro)bis(triphenylphosphine)rhodium(I) (2006)

(trans/cis) [13938-94-8] C37H30ClOP2Rh (MW 690.96)

InChI = 1S/2C18H15P.CO.ClH.Rh/c2*1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-2;;/h2*1-15H;;1H;/q;;;;+1/p-1

InChIKey = SGULOPRLUCGLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-M


(trans) [15318-33-9]

InChI = 1S/2C18H15P.CO.ClH.Rh/c2*1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-2;;/h2*1-15H;;1H;/q;;;;+1/p-1

InChIKey = SGULOPRLUCGLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-M


(cis) [16353-77-8]

InChI = 1S/2C18H15P.CO.ClH.Rh/c2*1-4-10-16(11-5-1)19(17-12-6-2-7-13-17)18-14-8-3-9-15-18;1-2;;/h2*1-15H;;1H;/q;;;;+1/p-1

InChIKey = SGULOPRLUCGLSH-UHFFFAOYSA-M







(catalyst for carbonylation,2 decarbonylation,3 carbonyl exchange,4 reduction,5 hydrometalation,6 and CH activation reactions;7 reagent for alkylation of acid chlorides8)



Physical Data: mp 209–210 °C (trans isomer), 204–205 °C (cis isomer), 195–197 °C (trans/cis mixture); IR carbonyl stretching 1970 cm−1 (nujol mull), 1977 cm−1 (CHCl3).



Solubility: sol chloroform and dichloromethane; moderately sol aromatic hydrocarbons and CCl4; insol ether, alcohols, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.



Form Supplied in: bright yellow crystalline solid, widely available.



Preparative Method: to a solution of RhCl3ċ3H2O (2 g, 7.6 mmol) in 70 mL of absolute ethanol is slowly added triphenylphosphine (7.2 g, 2.75 mmol) in 300 mL of boiling absolute ethanol. The solution becomes clear within 5 min, at which point sufficient (10–20 mL) 37% formaldehyde solution is added, causing the red solution to become pale yellow. After several minutes, yellow microcrystals precipitate. Upon cooling, the resulting crystals are washed with ethanol and diethyl ether, dried (4.5 g, 85%) and recrystallized from hot toluene.1c



Handling, Storage, and Precautions: the complex is air-stable as a crystalline solid and can be stored without special precautions. In solution it readily reacts with oxygen, which therefore must be excluded during preparation and use of this reagent.
Two Subgroups within the GH43_36 α-l-Arabinofuranosidase Subfamily Hydrolyze Arabinosyl from Either Mono-or Disubstituted Xylosyl Units in Wheat Arabinoxylan (2022)

Fungal arabinofuranosidases (ABFs) catalyze the hydrolysis of arabinosyl substituents (Ara) and are key in the interplay with other glycosyl hydrolases to saccharify arabinoxylans (AXs). Most characterized ABFs belong to GH51 and GH62 and are known to hydrolyze the linkage of α-(1→2)-Ara and α-(1→3)-Ara in monosubstituted xylosyl residues (Xyl) (ABF-m2,3). Nevertheless, in AX a substantial number of Xyls have two Aras (i.e., disubstituted), which are unaffected by ABFs from GH51 and GH62. To date, only two fungal enzymes have been identified (in GH43_36) that specifically release the α-(1→3)-Ara from disubstituted Xyls (ABF-d3). In our research, phylogenetic analysis of available GH43_36 sequences revealed two major clades (GH43_36a and GH43_36b) with an expected substrate specificity difference. The characterized fungal ABF-d3 enzymes aligned with GH43_36a, including the GH43_36 from <i>Humicola insolens</i> (<i>Hi</i>ABF43_36a). Hereto, the first fungal GH43_36b (from <i>Talaromyces pinophilus</i>) was cloned, purified, and characterized (<i>Tp</i>ABF43_36b). Surprisingly, <i>Tp</i>ABF43_36b was found to be active as ABF-m2,3, albeit with a relatively low rate compared to other ABFs tested, and showed minor xylanase activity. Novel specificities were also discovered for the <i>Hi</i>ABF43_36a, as it also released α-(1→2)-Ara from a disubstitution on the non-reducing end of an arabinoxylooligosaccharide (AXOS), and it was active to a lesser extent as an ABF-m2,3 towards AXOS when the Ara was on the second xylosyl from the non-reducing end. In essence, this work adds new insights into the biorefinery of agricultural residues.
Cell type-specific upregulation of myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate and protein kinase C-α, -β I, -β II, and -δ in microglia following kainic acid-induced seizures (2006)

Myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate (MARCKS) is a widely distributed protein kinase C (PKC) substrate and has been implicated in actin cytoskeletal rearrangement in response to extracellular stimuli. Although MARCKS was extensively examined in various cell culture systems, the physiological function of MARCKS in the central nervous system has not been clearly understood. We investigated alterations of cellular distribution and phosphorylation of MARCKS in the hippocampus following kainic acid (KA)-induced seizures. KA (25 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to eight to nine week-old C57BL/6 mice. Behavioral seizure activity was observed for 2 h after the onset of seizures and was terminated with diazepam (8 mg/kg, i.p.). The animals were sacrificed and analyzed at various points in time after the initiation of seizure activity. Using double-labeling immunofluorescence analysis, we demonstrated that the expression and phosphorylation of MARCKS was dramatically upregulated specifically in microglial cells after KA-induced seizures, but not in other types of glial cells. PKC alpha, beta I, beta II and delta, from various PKC isoforms examined, also were markedly upregulated, specifically in microglial cells. Moreover, immunoreactivities of phosphorylated MARCKS were co-localized in the activated microglia with those of the above isoforms of PKC. Taken together, our in vivo data suggest that MARCKS is closely linked to microglial activation processes, which are important in pathological conditions, such as neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
Improved GaN materials and devices through confined epitaxy (2007)

An approach to reduce vertical threading dislocations in the active regions of III-nitride devices is described. The approach involves confined homo- or heteroepitaxy of GaN materials using sputtered oxide masks to delineate growth regions and conventional metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The resulting confined epitaxial material is terminated with equilibrium crystal facets, which form hexagonal mesas, and contains a reduced dislocation density and reduced strain compared to the underlying template layer for homoepitaxial growth. Characterization of pn junction diodes grown with this approach reveals significantly reduced leakage currents in as-grown, unpassivated structures (as low as 1×10−7Acm−2).
Obscuration-free pupil-plane phase locking of a coherent array of fiber collimators (2010)

Control methods and system architectures that can be used for locking in phase of multiple laser beams that are generated at the transmitter aperture plane of a coherent fiber-collimator array system (pupil-plane phase locking) are considered. In the proposed and analyzed phase-locking techniques, sensing of the piston phase differences is performed using interference of periphery (tail) sections of the laser beams prior to their clipping by the fiber-collimator transmitter apertures. This obscuration-free sensing technique eliminates the need for a beam splitter being directly located inside the optical train of the transmitted beams--one of the major drawbacks of large-aperture and/or high-power fiber-array systems. Numerical simulation results demonstrate efficiency of the proposed phase-locking methods.
A parallel wire robot for epicardial interventions (2014)

This paper describes the design and preliminary testing of a planar parallel wire robot that adheres to the surface of the beating heart and provides a stable platform for minimally invasive epicardial therapies. The device is deployed through a small subxiphoid skin incision and attaches to the heart using suction. This methodology obviates mechanical stabilization and lung deflation, which are typically required during minimally invasive beating-heart surgery. The prototype design involves three vacuum chambers connected by two flexible arms. The chambers adhere to the epicardium, forming the vertices of a triangular base structure. Three cables connect a movable end-effector head to the three bases; the cables then pass out of the body to external actuators. The surgical tool moves within the triangular workspace to perform injections, ablation, or other tasks on the beating heart. Tests in vitro and in vivo were conducted to demonstrate the capabilities of the system. Tests in vivo successfully demonstrated the ability to deploy through a subxiphoid incision, adhere to the surface of the beating heart, move the surgical tool head within the robot's workspace, and perform injections into the myocardium.