gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Messenger Ribonucleic Acid for the Antiapoptosis Gene P11 in the Rat Ovary: Gonadotropin Stimulation in Granulosa Cells of Preovulatory Follicles* (2001)

P11, a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins, has been shown to interact with BAD (Bcl-xL/Bcl-2-associated death promoter) in the yeast two-hybrid protein-protein interaction assay. Because overexpression of P11 dampens the proapoptotic activity of BAD in transfected cells, we tested the possibility that the expression of this antiapoptotic protein may be regulated by gonadotropins and other survival factors in the ovary. Northern blot analysis of ovaries obtained from prepubertal rats revealed an increased expression of P11 messenger RNA (mRNA) during prepubertal development in the theca cells of preantral and early antral follicles. Treatment of immature rats with PMSG did not affect P11 expression, whereas treatment of PMSG-primed rats with an ovulatory dose of human (h)CG stimulated ovarian P11 mRNA within 6-9 h in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles. Treatment of cultured preovulatory follicles in vitro with LH further confirmed the time-dependent stimulation of P11 by gonadotropins. In addition, treatment of cultured preovulatory follicles with MDL-12,330A, an inhibitor of adenylate cyclase, inhibited LH-stimulated P11 mRNA, whereas treatment with forskolin, an adenylate cyclase activator, but not the protein kinase C activator, 2-O-tetradecanol-phorbal-13-acetate, mimicked the LH action, suggesting the role of adenylate cyclase activation in P11 expression. Treatment with other follicle survival factors, including the epidermal growth factor, the basic fibroblast growth factor, and interleukin-1beta, could also stimulate P11 expression in cultured preovulatory follicles. These results demonstrate the expression of P11 mRNA in theca cells of different-sized follicles and in granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles following gonadotropin stimulation, and suggest that P11 may mediate, at least partially, the survival action of gonadotropins during the ovulatory process.
Apoptotic markers in the mitochondria, cytosol, and nuclei of brain cells during ammonia toxicity (2007)

The effects of toxic doses of ammonia on the induction of pro-apoptotic markers in rat brain cells were studied. It was found that neither induction of caspase-9 and caspase-3, nor changes in the membrane potential in nonsynaptic brain mitochondria, release of cytochrome c from mitochondria to cytosol, or apoptosis-inducing signals in the cell nuclei, were responsible for the ammonia toxicity in vivo. Thus, no evidence was found for any functional significance of mitochondria in cell death associated with acute hyperammonemia. The resistance of cell nuclei to ammonia-induced apoptosis could be caused either by a disordered translocation of the p53 protein from the cytosol into the nucleus or by translocation of its inactive form. The nonsynaptic brain mitochondria were also shown to be more resistant to the formation of nonspecific permeability pores and to Ca2+-induced swelling than cardiac and hepatic mitochondria and, as well, supported their membrane potential even under conditions of ammonia-stimulated production of active oxygen metabolites, excessive accumulation of Ca2+, oxidative stress, and impaired energy metabolism.
Properties of bis(trifluoroacetoxy)borane as a reducing agent of organic compounds (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProperties of bis(trifluoroacetoxy)borane as a reducing agent of organic compoundsBruce E. Maryanoff, David F. McComsey, and Samuel O. NorteyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 2, 355–360Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00315a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00315a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views950Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relativistic ultrafast rendering using time-of-flight imaging (2012)

We capture ultrafast movies of light in motion and synthesize physically valid visualizations. The effective exposure time for each frame is under two picoseconds (ps). Capturing a 2D video with this time resolution is highly challenging, given the low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) associated with ultrafast exposures, as well as the absence of 2D cameras that operate at this time scale. We re-purpose modern imaging hardware to record an average of ultrafast repeatable events that are synchronized to a streak tube, and we introduce reconstruction methods to visualize propagation of light pulses through macroscopic scenes.
Postural-Stability Tests That Identify Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability (2013)

Clinicians can use any of the 10 significant measures with their associated cutoff scores to identify those who could benefit from rehabilitation that reestablishes postural stability.
Mast Cell Isolation from the Immature Rat Brain (2013)

Mast cells are immune cells of hematopoietic origin that circulate as precursor cells prior to migration into vascularized tissues where they mature and undergo terminal differentiation in response to different cytokines within the local environment. Mast cells are well known as important regulators of inflammatory processes in peripheral tissues and recent studies support the involvement of mast cells in mediating the inflammatory response to cerebral hypoxia-ischemia in both the neonatal and adult brain. To better study mast cell function in vivo, it is important to be able to identify their environment-specific phenotype, as well as to study their interaction with other neural cells in vitro. Previous such studies of mast cells have relied on mast cells isolated from gut or bone marrow, or on a number of mast cell lines, all of which may behave differently from brain mast cells. The purpose of this study was to develop a technique for the isolation of mast cells from neonatal rat brain and to characterize these cells following hypoxia and hypoxia-ischemia. We adapted a previously described technique of coupling an antibody to the mast cell-specific FcεR1 receptor to a MACS microbead for the selective removal of intact mast cells from a neonatal brain preparation. We have isolated toluidine blue-positive brain mast cells that provide substrate for both protein analysis and in vitro studies. These cells express proteins previously used to specifically identify microglia in the brain, Iba-1 and coronin-1a. A subpopulation of mast cells in vivo also expresses Iba-1. Thus, we report a novel method for isolation of brain mast cells suitable for the study of mast cell phenotype under a variety of conditions. Further, we suggest that the use of proteins such as Iba-1 for the identification of microglia in the brain includes the caveat that mast cells may also be detected.
Photonic superdiffusive motion in resonance line radiation trapping Partial frequency redistribution effects (2007)

The relation between the jump length probability distribution function and the spectral line profile in resonance atomic radiation trapping is considered for partial frequency redistribution (PFR) between absorbed and reemitted radiation. The single line opacity distribution function [M. N. Berberan-Santos et al., J. Chem. Phys. 125, 174308 (2006)] is generalized for PFR and used to discuss several possible redistribution mechanisms (pure Doppler broadening; combined natural and Doppler broadening; and combined Doppler, natural, and collisional broadening). It is shown that there are two coexisting scales with a different behavior: the small scale is controlled by the intricate PFR details while the large scale is essentially given by the atom rest frame redistribution asymptotic. The pure Doppler and combined natural, Doppler, and collisional broadening are characterized by both small- and large-scale superdiffusive Levy flight behaviors while the combined natural and Doppler case has an anomalous small-scale behavior but a diffusive large-scale asymptotic. The common practice of assuming complete redistribution in core radiation and frequency coherence in the wings of the spectral distribution is incompatible with the breakdown of superdiffusion in combined natural and Doppler broadening conditions.
Design of Optical Receiver for 28 GHz RF Transmission over Multi-mode Fiber (2019)

We have evaluated effect of the length of the wire bond to the 28 GHz radio frequency signal transmission characteristics and frequency response of the radio over multi-mode fiber.
Infrared Microspectroscopic Imaging Using a Large Radius Germanium Internal Reflection Element and a Focal Plane Array Detector (2007)

Previously, we established the ability to collect infrared microspectroscopic images of large areas using a large radius hemisphere internal reflection element (IRE) with both a single point and a linear array detector. In this paper, preliminary work in applying this same method to a focal plane array (FPA) infrared imaging system is demonstrated. Mosaic tile imaging using a large radius germanium hemispherical IRE on a FPA Fourier transform infrared microscope imaging system can be used to image samples nearly 1.5 mm x 2 mm in size. A polymer film with a metal mask is imaged using this method for comparison to previous work. Images of hair and skin samples are presented, highlighting the complexity of this method. Comparisons are made between the linear array and FPA methods.
The application of polarization microscopy to the development of a non-staining technique for measuring the divergence angle of myocardial collagen cleavage planes (2004)

Myocardial infarction and congestive heart failure posse a serious health threat to the population. The current methods of studying the biomechanics responsible for the underlying remodeling processes that lead to these conditions, utilize stained tissue histological techniques. These techniques possess some undesirable effects, therefore, other alternatives are being investigated. For this paper, we investigate an alternative by utilizing polarization imaging to image non-stained rat myocardium for the purpose of quantifying the collagen sheet angles, beta, of cardiac cleavage planes from the epicardial wall.
Mediator coordinates PIC assembly with recruitment of CHD1 (2011)

Murine Chd1 (chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 1), a chromodomain-containing chromatin remodeling protein, is necessary for embryonic stem (ES) cell pluripotency. Chd1 binds to nucleosomes trimethylated at histone 3 Lys 4 (H3K4me3) near the beginning of active genes but not to bivalent domains also containing H3K27me3. To address the mechanism of this specificity, we reproduced H3K4me3- and CHD1-stimulated gene activation in HeLa extracts. Multidimensional protein identification technology (MuDPIT) and immunoblot analyses of purified preinitiation complexes (PICs) revealed the recruitment of CHD1 to naive chromatin but enhancement on H3K4me3 chromatin. Studies in depleted extracts showed that the Mediator coactivator complex, which controls PIC assembly, is also necessary for CHD1 recruitment. MuDPIT analyses of CHD1-associated proteins support the recruitment data and reveal numerous components of the PIC, including Mediator. In vivo, CHD1 and Mediator are recruited to an inducible gene, and genome-wide binding of the two proteins correlates well with active gene transcription in mouse ES cells. Finally, coimmunoprecipitation of CHD1 and Mediator from cell extracts can be ablated by shRNA knockdown of a specific Mediator subunit. Our data support a model in which the Mediator coordinates PIC assembly along with the recruitment of CHD1. The combined action of the PIC and H3K4me3 provides specificity in targeting CHD1 to active genes.
Properties and Characterization of Bioconjugates (2014)

Bioconjugates can be made with biomaterials such as amino acids, nucleotides, sugars, or complex moieties such as proteins, enzymes, and cells, and/or other organic materials such as polymers, nanoparticles, fullerenes, dendrimers, liposomes, microgels and hydrogels. This chapter reviews different bioconjugate systems followed by a brief description of intermolecular forces in biological systems. By combining diverse materials, bioconjugate research not only discovers new materials, but also invents new biochemical communications. The fundamental understanding of the molecular and surface interactions of bioconjugate systems enhances the development of more advanced and functionalized bioconjugates. These inspiring results suggest that research of bioconjugates will lead to a new era of human life.
Protocol Considerations for In Vitro Metabolic Glycoengineering of Non‐Natural Glycans (2023)

Metabolic glycoengineering (MGE) refers to a technique where non-natural monosaccharide analogs are introduced into living biological systems. Once inside a cell, these compounds intercept a targeted biosynthetic glycosylation pathway and in turn are metabolically incorporated into cell-surface-displayed oligosaccharides, where they can modulate a host of biological activities or be exploited as tags for bioorthogonal and chemoselective ligation reactions. Over the past decade, azido-modified monosaccharides have become the go-to analogs for MGE; at the same time, analogs with novel chemical functionalities continue to be developed. Therefore, one emphasis of this article is to describe a general approach for analog selection and then provide protocols to ensure safe and efficacious analog usage by cells. Once cell-surface glycans have been successfully remodeled by MGE methodology, the stage is set for probing changes to the myriad cellular responses modulated by these versatile molecules. This manuscript concludes by detailing how one of these detection methods-flow cytometry-can be successfully utilized to quantify MGE analog incorporation and set the stage for numerous follow-up applications. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: Incubation of cells with sugar analogs Support Protocol: Routine growth and maintenance of Jurkat cells Basic Protocol 2: Cell viability assays Basic Protocol 3: Periodate-resorcinol assay to measure analog uptake and incorporation into metabolic pathways Basic Protocol 4: Quantitation of cell-surface glycoconjugates.
Synthesis, Stability Range, and Fundamental Properties of Si−Ge−Sn Semiconductors Grown Directly on Si(100) and Ge(100) Platforms (2010)

This paper reports a comprehensive experimental and theoretical account of synthesis, optical response, transport properties, and thermodynamic stability for a new family of Ge1−x−ySixSny semiconductor alloys based entirely on group IV elements. Device quality layers are grown directly on both Ge(100) and Si(100) wafers using low-temperature chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of commercially available sources such as trisilane, digermane, and stannane, thereby making the process suitable for direct industrial scale up and applications. This soft chemistry process is extended to demonstrate fabrication of p- and n-type layers on Si and determine their transport properties by both contactless optical methods and conventional Hall experiments. Spectroscopic analyses by UV-IR ellipsometry and Raman scattering show that the alloys possess fundamental optical and bonding properties identical to those of the materials previously grown on Ge−Sn buffers. Transmission electron microscopy (XTEM), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD) characterizations demonstrated that precise tuning of the composition to achieve a Si/Sn ratio of ∼3.7 yields strain-free films with Ge-like unit cell dimensions. In the case of growth on Ge(100) the films exhibit the expected flawless registry afforded by the perfect chemical and structural matching with the underlying platform. When grown on Si(100) the lattice misfit with the substrate is compensated by periodic edge-type dislocations at the interface. Independent variation of the Si/Sn ratio from ∼1.5−4 produces a range of tetragonally distorted films on Si(100) with significant compressive strains (<0.60%) and in-plane lattice constants that are found to be “pinned” near the Ge value of 5.658 Å. The composition/temperature phase diagrams for SiGeSn and GeSn systems are obtained from first principles by calculating the Gibbs free energy via density functional theory. The stability fields of the alloys are used to predict accessible compositions, and these are compared in detail with the results from experimental studies. The principle outcome is that the mixing entropy stabilizes the ternary alloys with respect to the binaries at the same Sn content, in agreement with experimental observations.
SU‐F‐J‐60: Impact of DIR Method On Treatment Dose Wrapping (2016)

Purpose: To investigate clinical relevant discrepancy between doses wrapped by pure image and biomechanical model based deformable registration (DIR). Methods: 12 patients, each with a CT pair, were included (5 H&amp;N, 5 Prostate and 2 Lung). A research DIR tool (ADMRIE) was utilized for image based DIR (IMG‐DIR). To assure organ matching, contour constrain was applied for prostate patients. Tetrahedron meshes were generated for organs (parotid, bladder, rectum and lung). Deformable vector fields (DVF) from IMG‐DIR were interpolated to the surface node of meshes as boundary condition. Biomechanical models using finite element modeling (FEM) were generated by assigning organ specific material properties. The models were then input into a FEM tool (ABAQUS) to calculate internal deformation (FEM‐DIR). The output volume node displacements were then interpolated to image grids to get refined DVF. The IMRT treatment doses were wrapped by both DVFs to pre‐treatment CTs. DVF vector distance (DVF‐VD) was calculated on each organ. Dose parameters were calculated for wrapped doses and normalized to pretreatment plan. Gamma passing rate (GPR) was calculated with IMG‐DIR dose as reference. Correlation was evaluated between parotid shrinkage and DVF‐VD /dose‐discrepancy. Results: H&amp;N:parotid volume with DVF‐VD (&gt;1.5mm) was 6.5±4.7%. The normalized mean dose difference (NMDD) of IMG‐DIR and FEM‐DIR was −0.8±1.5%, with range (−4.7% to 1.5%). 2mm/2% GPR was 99.0±1.4%. Moderate correlation was found between parotid shrinkage and DVF‐VD (R=0.61)/NMDD (R=0.68). Prostate:bladder had a NMDD of −9.9±9.7%, with FEM‐DIR wrapped dose systematically higher. Only minor deviation was observed for rectum NMDD (0.5±1.1%). 3mm/3% GPR of bladder and rectum were 81.9±12.0% and 93.1±4.3%, respectively. One of lung patients had 3.9%NMDD and 3mm/3%GPR of 95.2% inside lung. Conclusion: Impact of DIR methods on treatment dose wrapping is patient and organ specific. Generally, bigger organ with larger volume variation leads to greater dose wrapping uncertainty.Acknowledgement:Elekta research grant support. This work was supported by research funding from Elekta
Attenuation of Platelet-Induced Vasorelaxation by Pretreatment of Platelets with Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins: Important Role of Serotonin (1996)

Aggregating platelets cause relaxation of precontracted vascular tissues with intact endothelium. To determine the modulation of vasorelaxation by lipoprotein-rich platelets, rat platelets were preincubated with buffer, native low density lipoprotein (n-LDL, 100 μg protein/ml), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL, 100 μg protein/ml) or high density lipoprotein (HDL, 100 μg protein/ml) at 37°C for 1 hour, washed twice, and then suspended into organ baths containing precontracted endothelium-intact rat aortic rings. While all platelet preparations caused relaxation of rat aortic rings, the magnitude of relaxation induced by ox-LDL-treated platelets was less than that by buffer-treated platelets (p < 0.05). Pretreatment of platelets with native LDL or HDL did not affect the magnitude of vasorelaxation. Treatment of platelets with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor indomethacin (5 × 10−5 M) did not affect the attenuated vasorelaxation in response to ox-LDL-treated platelets. Pretreatment of aortic rings with the thromboxane (TX) A2/endoperoxide receptor antagonist SQ29,548 (5 × 10−6 M) also had no effect on the attenuated relaxation. However, pretreatment of aortic rings with the serotonin2 receptor antagonist LY53,857 (5 × 10−5 M) totally reversed the attenuated vasorelaxation. Ox-LDL-treated platelets were also found to exhibit greater thrombin-induced aggregation and 14C-serotonin release (p < 0.05 vs. buffer treated platelets). These observations indicate that rat aortic rings exhibit diminished relaxation when exposed to ox-LDL-treated platelets, and this effect is mediated primarily via enhanced serotonin release from ox-LDL-treated platelets.
Normalized characteristics of AC processing pickups (2011)

Recently, an AC processing pickup has been proposed and used in range of applications from stage lighting to EV charging. This new pickup has the advantage of producing high efficiency AC output while retaining a simple circuit topology. However, the exactly analysis of these pickups has been rather difficult and time domain solutions in the form of transcendental equations are required to numerically solve for the steady state operation. This paper produces a set of normalized tables for all the dependent variable for this type of pickup, hence aiding engineers in the design process.
Noise Exposure of the Inner Ear During Drilling a Cochleostomy for Cochlear Implantation (2007)

In the drilling procedure for a cochleostomy, the inner ear may be affected by very high SPLs, particularly if the endosteal membrane is left intact and comes into contact with the running burr. Of course, the resulting SPLs depend on the drilling speed and the size and characteristics of the burr (larger burrs cause higher SPLs); however, we are of the opinion that the cochlear function is at risk, anyway, if special precaution is not exercised. Even when working with reduced drilling speed, the surgeon should be aware of the high risk in the form of an acoustic trauma, which may endanger residual hearing. Recommendations in terms of "soft surgery" are given in the paper (e.g., the use of microhooks instead of a drill to remove the very last shell of bone covering the cochlea).