gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of Terpene Metabolism (2004)

OAK-B135 Research over the last four years has progressed fairly closely along the lines initially proposed, with progress-driven expansion of Objectives 1, 2 and 3. Recent advances have developed from three research thrusts: 1. Random sequencing of an enriched peppermint oil gland cDNA library has given access to a large number of potential pathway and regulatory genes for test of function; 2. The availability of new DNA probes and antibodies has permitted investigation of developmental regulation and organization of terpenoid metabolism; and 3. The development of a transformation system for peppermint by colleagues at Purdue University has allowed direct transgenic testing of gene function and added a biotechnological component to the project. The current status of each of the original research objectives is outlined below.
Three-axis attitude control using combined gravity-gradient and solar pressure (2007)

An attitude satellite controller that combines passive gravity-gradient torque with solar pressure torque is proposed for three-axis stabilization of a micro-satellite. A dumbbell satellite configuration is chosen to increase the gravity-gradient torque and a three-axis stabilization is pursued with the help of small solar sails. Solar pressure task is to help the gravity-gradient torque and not to oppose it. The proposed controller is applied to different test cases: first, for satellite stabilization during the tumble motion, due to a nonperfect separation manoeuvre from the launcher last stage; second, the attitude control performances are studied for different eccentric orbits. The results are given in terms of settling time and maximum amplitude oscillations.
Alternating Copolymerization of Ethylene and Propylene:  Evidence for Selective Chain Transfer to Ethylene (2001)

C1-symmetric ansa-metallocenes Me2E(Ind)(Flu)ZrCl2 (E = Si (1) and C (2)), upon activation with methylaluminoxane (MAO), produce atactic alternating ethylene−propylene copolymers (up to 92% EP dyads) with low molecular weight (less than 20K). Quantitative 13C NMR analysis of copolymer chain ends produced with 2/MAO indicates that the chain initiation/termination process is highly selective to generate a vinylidene as the unsaturated end group (terminating end) and an ethyl group as the saturated end group (initiating end). The high selectivity for sec-butyl end groups reveals a highly selective chain-initiation process where ethylene insertion is followed by propylene insertion at the initiating end. Chain transfer from a propylene-terminated polymer chain to a coordinated ethylene monomer is proposed to explain this selectivity. The facile cross-monomer chain-transfer process explains the much lower molecular weights obtained for the EP copolymers relative to the ethylene or propylene homopolymers.
Human mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase mediates the stress-induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase cascades (1998)

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades represent one of the important signalling mechanisms in response to environmental stimuli. We report the identification of a human MAPK kinase kinase, MAPKKK4, via sequence similarity with other MAPKKKs. When truncated MAPKKK4 (DeltaMAPKKK4) was overexpressed in HEK293 cells, it was constitutively active and induced the activation of endogenous p38alpha, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)1/2 and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)2 in vivo. Kinase-inactive DeltaMAPKKK4 partly inhibited the activation of p38alpha, JNK1/2 and ERK2 induced by stress, tumour necrosis factor alpha or epidermal growth factor, suggesting that MAPKKK4 might be physiologically involved in all three MAPK cascades. Co-expressed MAP kinase kinase (MKK)-1, MKK-4, MKK-3 and MKK-6 were activated in vivo by DeltaMAPKKK4. All of the above MKKs purified from Escherichia coli were phosphorylated and activated by DeltaMAPKKK4 immunoprecipitates in vitro. When expressed by lower plasmid doses, DeltaMAPKKK4 preferentially activated MKK-3 and p38alpha in vivo. Overexpression of DeltaMAPKKK4 did not activate the NF-kappaB pathway. Immunoprecipitation of endogenous MAPKKK4 by specific antibodies showed that MAPKKK4 was activated after the treatment of K562 cells with various stress conditions. As a broadly distributed kinase, MAPKKK4 might serve as a stress responder. MAPKKK4 is 91% identical with the recently described murine MEKK-4beta and might be its human homologue. It is also identical with the recently cloned human MAP three kinase 1 except for the lack of an internal sequence homologous to the murine MEKK-4alpha isoform. Differences in the reported functional activities of the three kinases are discussed.
Systematic Study of Antibonding Modes in Gold Nanorod Dimers and Trimers (2014)

Using on-wire lithography to synthesize well-defined nanorod dimers and trimers, we report a systematic study of the plasmon coupling properties of such materials. By comparing the dimer/trimer structures to discrete nanorods of the same overall length, we demonstrate many similarities between antibonding coupled modes in the dimers/trimers and higher-order resonances in the discrete nanorods. These conclusions are validated with a combination of discrete dipole approximation and finite-difference time-domain calculations and lead to the observation of antibonding modes in symmetric structures by measuring their solution-dispersed extinction spectra. Finally, we probe the effects of asymmetry and gap size on the occurrence of these modes and demonstrate that the delocalized nature of the antibonding modes lead to longer-range coupling compared to the stronger bonding modes.
High temporal resolution transparent thermoelectric temperature sensors for photothermal effect sensing (2022)

We propose inkjet-printed high-speed and transparent temperature sensors based on the thermoelectric effect for direct monitoring of the photothermal effect. They consist of highly transparent organic thermoelectric materials that allow excellent biocompatibility and sub-ms temporal resolution, simultaneously. Our transparent thermoelectric temperature sensors can be used to advance various photothermal biomedical applications.
Feasibility of Intermediate Fluid Vaporizer with Spiral Wound Tubes (2013)

A novel intermediate fluid vaporization (IFV) technology for LNG re-gasification process with spiral-wound heat exchanging tubes is proposed. The new IFV project combines the advantage of running the shell and tube heat exchangers at high pressure with the advantage of compact space of heat exchangers. Thermal analysis on the two processes of forced convection and vaporization type heat transfer in the spiral wound tubes and vapor condensation /re-boiling type of heat transfer via intermediate fluid in shell side shows the feasibility of this promising technology .
Error Rate for PSK and QAM Modulations for Non-Ideal OFDM Systems with Noisy Channel Estimates and Receive Diversity (2011)

This paper characterizes the SER for a non-ideal OFDM system with either M-PSK or M-QAM constellations operating over a frequency-selective, time-varying, Rayleigh fading channel. The imperfections that we consider are inter-carrier interference (ICI) and/or inter-symbol interference (ISI), imperfect time and frequency synchronization, and noisy channel estimates. We consider an MRC receiver with L diversity branches. We present SER characterizations with and without ISI, and show that the effect of ISI, especially for higher order modulation schemes, e.g., 8PSK and above, can be very severe, irrespective of the number of diversity branches.
<title>Ultrahigh resolution OCT using continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure optical fiber</title> (2001)

We demonstrate ultrahigh resolution optical coherence tomography using the continuum generation in an air-silica microstructure fiber. A broadband OCT system was developed, supporting a bandwidth of 370 nm at 1.3 micrometers center wavelength. We achieved longitudinal resolutions of 2.5 micrometers in air, or approximately 2 micrometers in tissue. This is to our knowledge the highest longitudinal OCT resolution demonstrated at this wavelength range and the first application of this new light source for OCT. We will also describe the application of this technique for imaging biological tissue in vivo.
FP523EFFECTS OF ULTRAFILTRATION ON VASCULAR REFILLING (2019)

In hemodialysis (HD) patients, hemodynamic stability is of great concern for patient well-being. Intradialytic hypotensive episodes are common and might be caused by rapid changes or severe reductions in blood volume caused by ultrafiltration. Vascular refilling from the interstitium, which partially counterbalances ultrafiltration, is believed to be an important mechanism enhancing hemodynamic stability. Here we use quantitative analysis of the blood volume dynamics in a cohort of patients with changing ultrafiltration rates to assess the effects of ultrafiltration on vascular refilling. METHODS: In 13 patients prior to HD treatment, the absolute blood volume was determined using 131I-labeled albumin dilution; changes in blood volume during HD were monitored using Crit-LineV R , a non-invasive device to measure hematocrit. In our patients the ultrafiltration volume ranged from 1000--4200 ml, the treatment time was 3-4 hours. Jumps in the ultrafiltration rate were introduced in a range of 0-21 ml/min for 5-24 min. A quantitative comparison of the blood volume changes with the timedependent ultrafiltration rates permitted us to quantitate the dynamic response of vascular refilling to changes in ultrafiltration rate. RESULTS: Our analysis showed that-in contrast to its effect on the total blood volume-ultrafiltration jumps had little to no detectable systematic effect on the rate of vascular refilling, neither instantaneously nor with a delay. After an initial transient characterized by a negative refill rate due to priming fluid being infused into the vascular compartment, the refill rate seemed to follow largely autonomous, often linear, dynamics. This behavior was observed across the entire patient population with singular exceptions in individual patients. Moreover, the quantitative analysis also revealed patient-specific long-term trends in the refill rate. CONCLUSIONS: The minor effects of changes in the ultrafiltration rate on vascular refilling are an unexpected outcome, raising questions about the use of ultrafiltration profiles as a means of promoting vascular refill. Clearly, a study in a larger patient population is needed to corroborate this result. Our approach highlights the utility of time series analysis in evaluating the presence of physiological responses to treatments of HD patients.
Binding Kinetics of Engineered Mutants Provide Insight about the Pathway for Entering and Exiting the Intestinal Fatty Acid Binding Protein (1999)

To better understand the mechanism by which fatty acids bind to and dissociate from the binding cavities of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs), we constructed 31 single amino acid mutants of the intestinal FABP (I-FABP) and determined the rate constants for binding and dissociation, primarily for long-chain fatty acids (FA). FA dissociation from these proteins was measured both by the ADIFAB method and by the change in tryptophan fluorescence of the FABPs. Rate constants for binding (kon) were calculated from the rate constants for dissociation (koff) and the equilibrium binding affinities. Amino acid substitutions were made at locations within the binding cavity, in the region of the gap between the betaD- and betaE-strands, and within the "portal" region of the protein. The koff values for the mutant proteins ranged from about 20-fold slower to 4-fold faster than the wild-type (WT) protein. Values for kon were as much as 20-fold slower than the WT protein, but in no case was kon significantly faster than the WT. Mutants with slower and faster koff values were generally those involving sites within the binding cavity and, relative to the WT protein, revealed higher and lower affinities, respectively. Reduced rates of binding were generally, but not exclusively, associated with sites within the portal region. For example, for F68A which is located closer to the opposite end of the protein from the portal region, the kon is more than 10-fold slower than WT. Even for these distal sites, however, the evidence is consistent with reductions in kon being due to alterations of the portal region. Binding affinities and rate constants measured as a function of ionic strength also suggest that the FA initially binds, through an electrostatic interaction, to Arg-56 on the surface of the protein, before inserting into the binding cavity. Thus, the results of this study are consistent with FA binding to I-FABP involving an initial interaction with Arg-56 followed by insertion of the FA, through the portal region, into the binding cavity and with a reversal of these steps for the dissociation reaction.
Similar Mechanisms Underlie the Detection of Horizontal and Vertical Disparity Corrugations (2014)

Our aim was to compare sensitivity for horizontal and vertical disparity corrugations and to resolve whether these stimuli are processed by similar or radically different underlying mechanisms. We measure global disparity sensitivity as a function of carrier spatial frequency for equi-detectable carriers and found a similar optimal carrier relationship for vertical and horizontal stimuli. Sensitivity as a function of corrugation spatial frequency for stimuli of comparable spatial summation and composed of optimal, equi-detectable narrowband carriers did not significantly differ for vertical and horizontal stimuli. A small anisotropy was revealed when fixed, high contrast broadband carriers were used. In a separate discrimination-at-threshold experiment, multiple mechanisms of similar tuning were revealed to underlie the detection of both vertical and horizontal disparity corrugations. We conclude that the processing of the horizontal and vertical disparity corrugations occurs along similar lines.
Characterization of Electrocoagulation for Removal of Chromium and Arsenic (2005)

Abstract Protection of the global environment and, in particular, providing a sustainable source of clean water is a necessity for human survival. The wide use of heavy metals by modern industries has generated by‐products containing heavy metals. Specifically, large quantities of chromium and arsenic containing compounds are being discharged into the environment. This study has been conducted to determine the feasibility of an electrocoagulation (EC) process using air injection to remove these inorganic elements with iron electrodes. Powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission Mössbauer spectroscopy were used to characterize the solid products formed at iron electrodes during EC. The results of this study suggest that magnetite particles and amorphous iron oxyhydroxides are present in the examined EC products. The field pilot‐scale study demonstrated the removal of Cr(VI)/Cr(III) and As(III)/As(V) with an efficiency of more than 99 % from both wastewater and wells.
MON-190 Telomere Length as a Novel Prognostic Marker of Cushing Complications (2020)

Abstract Telomeres are small sequences at the end of chromosomes, protecting them from abnormal degradation. Certain conditions, like cancer, have been associated with changes in telomere length (TL), which, in turn, may predict outcomes of the disease. Studies on the effect of cortisol on TL have not led to conclusive results or are limited in stress induced hypercortisolemia. Moreover, no study has focused on effects of persistent endogenous hypercortisolemia during childhood, a known important period for telomere modifications. We hypothesized that TL is affected in pediatric patients with endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) and it correlates with markers and complications of hypercortisolemia. We studied 10 pediatric patients (mean age: 13.3 years, 7 females), diagnosed and treated successfully for Cushing disease. TL of total lymphocytes and their subtypes (Naïve T-cells, Memory T-cells, B-cells and NK-cells) were measured before and 1 year after treatment. TL was compared to age-matched control samples (6-8 per age group) and was correlated with clinical and biochemical characteristics. Paired or two-sample parametric or non-parametric statistical tests were performed, as appropriate. Lymphocyte TL of patients with active CS did not differ from controls (p=.43). B-cell and NK-cell TLs were shorter after cure compared to active CS [mean B-cell TL difference: -1.44 Kb (-15%), p=.001; mean NK-cell difference: -0.51 Kb (-7%), p=.10] and controls [mean B-cell TL difference: -0.98 (-11%), p=.039; mean NK-cell difference: -1.3 Kb (-16%), p=.005]. Lymphocyte TL in active CS and the change of TL before and after cure did not correlate with measured markers of hypercortisolemia (morning and midnight cortisol, urinary free cortisol or ACTH levels). However, there was a strong inverse correlation between the difference of TL in active disease compared to controls and triglyceride level for all lymphocyte subtypes (range r= -0.74 to -0.86, range p= .003 to p=.022), suggesting that the higher the triglyceride levels, the shorter the TL in patients with CS. Additionally, inverse correlation was observed for weight and BMI SDS and B-cell TL, specifically (r= -0.76, p= .019 and r= -0.76, p= .018, respectively). Furthermore, there appeared to be an implication for shorter TL in CS patients with dyslipidemia compared to those without (mean TL difference from controls: -1.1 Kb in patients with dyslipidemia vs 0.53 Kb in those without, p= .067). We conclude that although TL in active CS does not seem to differ from controls, B-cell and NK-cell TLs are affected after cure, and this may be related to acute changes that occur in the immune system peri- and post-operatively. Interestingly, the level of TL shortening correlates strongly with several complications of CS, including weight, BMI and dyslipidemia. This suggests that TL may be used as a surrogate prognostic marker of hypercortisolemia-related complications.
PEGylated Dendrimers with Core Functionality for Biological Applications (2008)

The synthesis of a variety of core functionalized PEGylated polyester dendrimers and their in vitro and in vivo properties are described in this report. These water-soluble dendrimers have been designed to carry eight functional groups on their dendritic core for a variety of biological applications such as drug delivery and in vivo imaging as well as eight solubilizing groups. Using a common symmetrical aliphatic ester dendritic core and trifunctional amino acid moieties, a library of dendrimers with phenols, alkyl alcohols, alkynes, ketones, and carboxylic acid functionalities has been synthesized without the need for column chromatography. The amines were PEGylated, leaving the other functionality of the amino acid available for further manipulation such as the attachment of drugs and/or labels. Radiolabeling experiments with the PEGylated dendrimers showed that they had a long circulation half-life in mice, confirming the potential of this class of dendrimers for therapeutic and/or diagnostic applications. A carboxylic acid functionalized dendrimer was elaborated to carry doxorubicin bound via a hydrazone bond. The drug-loaded carrier accumulated more in tumors and less in healthy organs than the clinically used PEGylated liposomal formulation Doxil. The efficient synthesis, high versatility, and favorable biological properties make these PEGylated polyester dendrimers promising structures for therapeutic and/or imaging applications.
High Performance Messaging Technology for Dual Controller Storage Systems (2014)

We propose a technique called the Command Casting method to achieve high performance messaging technology for dual controller storage systems. A controller has a feature to cast commands to the other controller which has LU ownerships for the commands. We establish mathematical evaluation models for each proposed and conventional methods. We estimate each method's performance such as CPU overhead and message transmission time. Our findings show that the proposed method improves CPU overhead by a factor of between 1/5 and 1/10, and message transmission time by a factor of between 61% and 89% relative to the conventional methods. Our evaluation of the proposed method suggests that proposed method provides homogenous LU sharing access performance during actual operation regardless of LU ownership.
Antenna Booster Technology: From R&D to Ignion [Industry Activities] (2021)

The purpose of this article is to illustrate how research ignites big assets; from products, patents, technology, and even the creation of new companies. Using authors' experiences, it will be shown how an antenna engineering challenge was addressed and how it ended up with a new antenna technology to bring new solutions to the Internet of Things (IoT) space. The different milestones discussed in the article will also inspire and encourage young researchers to pursue R&D career paths. The paths include plenty of hard work and ups and downs but also a very rewarding experience that, in the end, enables stunning advances in technology for humanity.
Increase in Core Body Temperature of Alzheimer’s Disease Patients as a Possible Indicator of Chronic Neuroinflammation: A Meta-Analysis (2006)

The significant increase in core body temperature in AD patients could be a direct consequence of local inflammatory reactions in the brain. Although the changes observed are probably too small to be of any diagnostic value, these observations lend further support to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis of AD pathology.
The cell surface proteoglycan from mouse mammary epithelial cells bears chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. (1985)

The cell surface proteoglycan fraction isolated by mild trypsin treatment of NMuMG mouse mammary epithelial cells contains largely heparan sulfate, but also 15-24% chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans. We conclude that this fraction contains a unique hybrid proteoglycan bearing both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans because (i) the proteoglycan behaves as a single species by sizing, ion exchange and collagen affinity chromatography, and by isopycnic centrifugation, even in the presence of 8 M urea or 4 M guanidine hydrochloride, (ii) the behavior of the chondroitin sulfate in these separation techniques is affected by heparan sulfate-specific probes and vice versa, and (iii) proteoglycan core protein bearing both heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate is recognized by a single monoclonal antibody. Removal of both types of glycosaminoglycan reduces the proteoglycan to a core protein of approximately 53 kDa. The proteoglycan fraction is heterogeneous in size, largely due to a variable number and/or length of the glycosaminoglycan chains. We estimate that one or two chondroitin sulfate chains (modal Mr of 17,000) exist on the proteoglycan for every four heparan sulfate chains (modal Mr of 36,000). Synthesis of these chains is reportedly initiated on an identical trisaccharide that links the chains to the same amino acid residues on the core protein. Therefore, some regulatory information, perhaps residing in the amino acid sequence of the core protein, must determine the type of chain synthesized at any given linkage site. Post-translational addition of these glycosaminoglycans to the protein may provide information affecting its ultimate localization. It is likely that the protein is directed to specific sites on the cell surface because of the ability of the glycosaminoglycans to recognize and bind extracellular components.