gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transparent Wood for Thermal Energy Storage and Reversible Optical Transmittance (2019)

Functional load-bearing materials based on phase-change materials (PCMs) are under rapid development for thermal energy storage (TES) applications. Mesoporous structures are ideal carriers for PCMs and guarantee shape stability during the thermal cycle. In this study, we introduce transparent wood (TW) as a TES system. A shape-stabilized PCM based on polyethylene glycol is encapsulated into a delignified wood substrate, and the TW obtained is fully characterized, also in terms of nano- and mesoscale structures. Transparent wood for thermal energy storage (TW-TES) combines large latent heat (∼76 J g<sup>-1</sup>) with switchable optical transparency. During the heating process, optical transmittance increases by 6% and reaches 68% for 1.5 mm thick TW-TES. Characterization of the thermal energy regulation performance shows that the prepared TW-TES composite is superior to normal glass because of the combination of good heat-storage and thermal insulation properties. This makes TW-TES composites interesting candidates for applications in energy-saving buildings.
Massive MIMO Beamforming in Monostatic Backscatter Multi-Tag Networks (2020)

This letter investigates the role of massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) in improving the spectral and energy efficiency of monostatic backscatter communication systems, where a multiple-antenna reader aims to decode information backscattered from multiple tags. Specifically, we investigate the performance of the two most prominent precoders and combiners, namely, the matched filter and zero forcing. First, we derive capacity lower bounds for the four different underlying transceiver design configurations. Then, asymptotic analysis is conducted and it is shown that with perfect channel state information, the total transmit power can be scaled down by a factor of the square of the number of transmit antennas without loss in the performance. To further corroborate the practical utility of the considered massive MIMO multi-tag setting, the optimization of the backscatter coefficients for sum rate maximization and the effect of imperfect channel state information are also considered.
Suppl. Fig. 5: Assessment of intra-rater reproducibility of the volumetric relation of [<sup>18</sup>F]DPA-714 and [<sup>18</sup>F]FET. from Combined PET Imaging of the Inflammatory Tumor Microenvironment Identifies Margins of Unique Radiotracer Uptake (2023)

&lt;p&gt;An exemplary subset of n=6 mice were randomly assessed for intra-rater reproducibility. (A-E) [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]DPA-714 and [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]FET images were on two consecutive days repeatedly co-registered. Volumetry was performed twice (coreg 2 and coreg 3) and compared to the data reported in the main text (coreg 1). Dotted lines represent the overall mean for all n=20 animals reported in the main text. No significant changes for all parameters, except for the "percentage of [&lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F]DPA-714 only" between coreg 1 and 3, was found over the three different time points of co-registration.&lt;/p&gt;
Estimation of marginal and spectral modes (2002)

Abstract We investigate the asymptotic behaviour of the empirical mode of an i.i.d. sample. We also study the asymptotic properties of the empirical spectral mode of a sample generated by a Gaussian stationary process. The empirical estimators are built using the empirical histogram or the empirical spectrogram, respectively. Under various regularity assumptions, including the case of a singular mode, we compute the optimal window width and study the rate of convergence of our estimates. Keywords: HistogramSpectrogramMode Estimation
Two-dimensional separation of dipolar and scaled isotropic chemical shift interactions in magic angle NMR spectra (1982)

Two-dimensional magic angle NMR methods produce high resolution dipolar-chemical shift spectra of polycrystalline solids which permit determination of the mutual orientation and principle values of the two coupling tensors. This technique is applied to the amide 15N–1H spin pair in the dipeptide GlyGly ⋅ HCl ⋅ H2O, and we find the nearly axially symmetric 15N shift tensor is tilted 25° away from the NH bond. In many situations, however, only the magnitude of the heteronuclear dipolar coupling is required, and simplification of the spectrum would be desirable. An experiment that projects the dipolar information onto a single rotational sideband pattern for each magnetically inequivalent spin is proposed. The approach involves scaling the isotropic chemical shifts with a multiple-pulse train, together with rotationally synchronized sampling. The method is demonstrated with spectra of the above mentioned dipeptide.
Revisiting Horn and Schunck: Interpretation as Gauss-Newton Optimisation (2010)

We revisit the classic Horn and Schunck optical flow method, with focus on its interpretation as a Gauss-Newton (GN) minimisation of a non-linear energy. This is in contrast to the traditional derivation by linearisation of the brightness constancy assumption. The proposed interpretation provides a much simpler derivation and a better theoretical understanding of the method, and allows for its variations, by casting it in the least-squares optimisation framework. An important resulting implication is that ‐ in contrast to popular belief ‐ the incremental version of Horn and Schunck actually minimises a non-linear energy. We emphasise this finding by demonstrating the equivalence of incremental Horn and Schunck to several methods committed to minimising the nonlinearised energy. Furthermore, we analyse the effect of GN for motion estimation in comparison to methods based on gradient descent. Several examples demonstrate the practical applications of the proposed interpretation. We specify the class of difference measures with sparse Jacobians of the error term as the one which can be efficiently treated in the Horn and Schunck framework. For extension to arbitrary difference measures, we propose a modification based on the analysis of GN for motion estimation, and the concept of preconditioning. We further discuss a modification resulting in decoupled linear systems and the use of compositional updates.
MicroRNA profiling from dried blood samples (2019)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) hold great promise as blood-borne and circulating biomarkers for numerous diseases. However, the reliability of such liquid biopsies is particularly impacted by problems associated with the handling of biological liquids in the pre-analytical stage of biomarker processing. Dried blood spots (DBS) and other capillary blood microsampling devices offer a way to circumvent many of these complications. DBS are supposed to be far less sensitive to collection protocols, storage conditions, and transport processes, while offering the possibility for a decentralized sample collection. In addition, DBS are minimally invasive and require very small amounts of blood, thereby facilitating blood collection from small children or patients at risk by blood drawing. Here, we summarize the current state of knowledge about DBS-derived miRNAs. Experimental studies on miRNA from DBS especially emphasize the influence of the adsorptive material and the importance of drying and rehydration protocols. The present studies are, however, difficult to compare as they use different readout-systems, ranging from PCR-based quantification of single miRNAs to next-generation sequencing (NGS) of the entire miRNome. The data underscore the need for procedure standardization and the development of general guidelines on handling and evaluating miRNA biomarkers derived from DBS.
Metabolism of aflatoxin B1, benzo[a]pyrene, and 1,2‐dimethylhydrazine by cultured rat and human colon (1981)

A model system for comparing carcinogen metabolism between human and rat colon has been developed. Tissue explants maintained under chemically defined conditions were treated with radioactively labeled carcinogens. After incubation for 24 hours, the binding of radioactive carcinogen to DNA was quantitated. Further, the carcinogen-DNA adducts and carcinogen metabolites released into the culture media were identified. Both human and rat colon activate benzo[a]pyrene (BP), aflatoxin B1 (AFB), and 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) into chemical species that reacted with cellular macromolecules. When human and rat colons were compared, the metabolism of AFB and DMH was qualitatively similar - the same major carcinogen-DNA adducts and metabolic profile. However, the mean binding levels of DMH and AFB to colonic DNA were higher in rats than in humans. BP-guanine adducts were the major adducts formed by both rat and human colonic DNA. However, BP-adenine adducts were observed in rat colonic DNA but not in human colonic DNA. A positive correlation for the binding of BP and DMH to human DNA of different individuals was observed, but no correlation was found between BP and AFB. The data suggest that similar enzyme systems may be involved in the metabolism of BP and DMH, whereas different enzymes might be involved in the metabolic activation of AFB.
Analysis of Functionally Graded Beam (2018)

In this paper, static analysis of FGM (functionally graded material) beam is carried out under the framework of Euler–Bernoulli beam theory. Axial stress distribution has been determined for a simply supported FGM beam made of Aluminium and Zirconia. The material properties of FGM are assumed to vary through the thickness, whereas Poisson ratio is held constant. Different material gradation approaches are used to achieve smooth variations of material properties in FGMs. Effect of variation in material properties, on position of neutral axis, is also considered, and stress calculations based on shifted position of neutral axis are performed. Axial stress in bi-material beam made of Aluminium and Zirconia is calculated, and it is found that in the absence of FGM layer, the stress distribution is discontinuous. It is shown that the discontinuity can be removed by introducing a thin FGM layer at the junction of both materials (Aluminium and Zirconia). The results are compared with those available in the literature for the validity of the present methodology.
Introduction of High Water-absorbent Starch Graft Resin (2006)

Super absorbent resin was prepared by carrying the crosslinking polymerization moderately of hydrophilic monomer.It can absorb several hundred times to several thousand times water as much as its own weight.This thesis described the absorbing mechanism,polymerization methods,major factor and the properties of the super absorbent resin.The application of this resin in the fields of personal care product,medical treatment,building construction,agriculture and food were also introduced in detail.
Ultrafast lattice-bonding dynamics of tellurium (2003)

Summary form only given. We present a study of the ultrafast bonding dynamics of tellurium in the presence of a symmetry-preserving coherent phonon. The coherent phonon modulates the band structure at THz frequencies. We measure the dielectric function, because it is closely related to the band structure, over a broad frequency range (1.8 eV to 3.4 eV) following excitation by an 800-nm, 50-fs pump pulse. In order to measure the two independent components of the dielectric tensor of a uniaxial material (/spl epsiv//sub ord/(/spl omega/) and /spl epsiv//sub ext/(/spl omega/)), four pump-probe measurements are required. Each component describes the optical properties along certain directions in the crystal: /spl epsiv//sub ord/(/spl omega/) corresponds to the ab-plane and /spl epsiv//sub ext/(/spl omega/) to the c-axis (helical axis). The symmetry-preserving phonon mode excited in Te is confined to the ab-plane, so we expect that the ordinary dielectric function will be most sensitive to these oscillations.
Damage-less stacking technology by impellers for special sheets such as electrodes (2022)

This paper examines the application of the sheet stacking technology by impellers to stack sheets like electrodes at a high speed without damage. We aim to develop a new simulation model for electrodes and to establish a method to design impellers. Stacking method by impellers is a way to stack sheets by inserting sheets in between impeller blades. Three-dimensional model of impellers was created by mechanism analysis software RecurDyn. We have selected an impeller model effective for damage-less stacking by defining damage and considering damage evaluation index. We have also investigated the relation between sheet parameters and impeller parameters by simulations and experiments.
Assignment of the structural gene for human beta glucuronidase to chromosome 7 and tetrameric association of subunits in the enzyme molecule. (1976)

The structural locus for human beta glucuronidase is assigned to chromosome 7, a localization based upon concordant segregation of the expression of the human enzyme and the presence of human chromosome 7 in somatic cell hybrid clones derived independently from fusions of different human and mouse cells. Hybrid clones containing only human chromosome 7 are included in this study. Electrophoresis of beta glucuronidase also has revealed that human beta glucuronidase has a tetrametric structure.
But how do we really debug transactional memory programs (2013)

With recent announcements of hardware transactional memory (HTM) systems from IBM and Intel, HTM will soon be available for widescale adoption. Such platforms, combined with tested and stable software transactional memory systems, are likely to make real transactional memory (TM) systems available for the first time, which promises to be a more attractive alternative than lock-based parallel programming in terms of programmability and performance.With these first-ever real systems come several open questions. Perhaps one of the most obvious is, how does one debug a TM program that uses real hardware? While prior research in this area exists, there are, to the best of our knowledge, no commercially-available TM debuggers and only a handful of research projects exploring such possibilities, many of which use simulated HTMs that may utilize unrealistic hardware. In this paper, we motivate the need for more than traditional and ad hoc debugging support. We then propose a novel record-and-replay system, based on existing research prototypes and demonstrate its usefulness by reviewing several use cases in TM programming, restricting use to real features in IBM and Intel's HTMs.
Predicting Cervical Alignment Required to Maintain Horizontal Gaze Based on Global Spinal Alignment (2016)

Cervical kyphosis may represent normal alignment in a significant number of patients. However, in patients with SVA >50 and greater thoracic kyphosis, cervical lordosis is needed to maintain the gaze. Cervical alignment can be predicted from underlying TK and lumbar lordosis, which may be clinically relevant when considering correction for thoracolumbar or cervical deformityLevel of Evidence: 3.
The Paradox of Hydrogen-Bonded Anion–Anion Aggregates in Oxoanions: A Fundamental Electrostatic Problem Explained in Terms of Electrophilic···Nucleophilic Interactions (2014)

A theoretical study of anionic complexes formed by two partly deprotonated oxoacids joined by hydrogen bonds has been carried out at the MP2 computational level. In spite of the ionic repulsion, local energy minima are found both in the gas phase and in aqueous solution. Electrostatic potential and electron density topologies, and the comparison with neutral complexes formed by oxoacids, reveal that the ionization has no significant effect on the properties of the hydrogen bonds. The stability of the complexes in the gas phase is explained by attractive forces localized in a volume situated in the hydrogen bond and defined as the electrostatic attraction region (EAR) and determined by the topological analyses of the electron density and the electrostatic potential, and by the electric field lines. In solution, the strong anionic repulsion is mostly screened by the effect of the surrounding polar solvent, which only leads to a weak destabilizing interaction in the hydrogen bond region and finally favors the overall stability of the complexes. The anion-anion complexes have been compared with the corresponding neutral ones (as salts or protonated forms), showing that EAR remains unchanged along the series.
Co-simulation of electric ship power and control systems using high performance computing (2017)

In electric ship design the interaction of the physical plant with the power and energy control system is so complex that simulation for design or analysis is time consuming, especially when a range of time steps is required for dynamic simulation. This paper describes a unique solver that captures the power and control blocks of an electric ship power system described in Simulink and then creates simulations in C# ready for solution on a multicore computer. A comprehensive description of the workflow and results of verification testing are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Improving Enantioselectivity by Using a Mono‐Sulfonated Diphosphine as Ligand for Homogeneous Imine Hydrogenation. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dual PI3K and mTOR Inhibition in Waldenstrom Macroglobulinemia (2008)

Abstract Background. We have previously showed that PI3K/Akt is constitutively active in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM) malignancies, mediating growth, survival, cell cycle regulation, and migration in primary tumor cells. Once activated, Akt phosphorylates downstream targets, including mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Both PI3K/Akt and mTOR represent valid targets for antitumor therapeutic strategies. We therefore evaluated the antitumor activity of NVP-BEZ235 (Novartis, MA) in WM. Methods: WM cell lines (BCWM.1) and IgM secreting cell lines (MEK1, Namalwa) were used. Bone marrow primary CD19+ malignant cells and bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) were obtained from WM patients. Cytotoxicity, DNA synthesis, and cell cycle were measured using MTT assay, [3H]-thymidine uptake, PI staining/flow cytometry, respectively. Effects of NVP-BEZ235 on cell signaling cascades were determined using immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. Adhesion on fibronectin has been evaluated in WM cells in the presence of NVP-BEZ235. Results: NVP-BEZ235 induced cytotoxicity and inhibited DNA synthesis with an IC50 of 20–25nM in BCWM.1 at 48 hours. Similar effects were demonstrated in all IgM secreting cell lines and in primary CD19+ WM cells, with an IC50 between 20nM and 50nM. No cytotoxicity was observed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells, indicating selective toxicity of the compound on the malignant lymphoplasmacytic clone. We observed that NVP-BEZ235 inhibited Akt (but not ERK phosphorylation) in a dose-dependent manner in BCWM.1 cells at 6 hours. Phosphorylation of GSK3α/β and ribosomal protein-S6, downstream target proteins of Akt, were also markedly inhibited. NVP-BEZ235-inhibited Akt phosphorylation was further confirmed by immunofluorescence. NVP-BEZ235 induced caspase-9, PARP cleavage and increased the release of Smac/DIABLO from the mitochondria to the cytosol, suggesting an induction of apoptosis in a caspase-dependent and –independent manner. We showed that NVP-BEZ235 inhibited adhesion of BCWM.1 cells to fibronectin in a dose-dependent fashion. Lastly, adherence to BMSCs did not confer protection to WM cells against NVP-BEZ235- induced cytotoxicity. Conclusions. These data indicate that NVP-BEZ235 has significant antitumor activity in WM, thus providing the framework for clinical trials in this disease.
Careers: Mixing academia and industry (2013)

Throughout his unusual career, Avi Domb has pursued chemistry from research into the marketplace.
Instrument to detect syncope and the onset of shock (2016)

Currently the diagnosis of hemorrhagic shock is essentially clinical, relying on the expertise of nurses and doctors. One of the first measurable physiological changes that marks the onset of hemorrhagic shock is a decrease in capillary blood flow. Diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) quantifies this decrease. DCS collects and analyzes multiply scattered, coherent, near infrared light to assess relative blood flow. This work presents a preliminary study using a DCS instrument with human subjects undergoing a lower body negative pressure (LBNP) protocol. This work builds on previous successful DCS instrumentation development and we believe it represents progress toward understanding how DCS can be used in a clinical setting.
Lipoprotein I, a TLR2/4 Ligand Modulates Th2-Driven Allergic Immune Responses (2005)

Asthma is an inflammatory lung disease that is initiated and directed by Th2 and inhibited by Th1 cytokines. Microbial infections have been shown to prevent allergic responses by inducing the secretion of the Th1 cytokines IL-12 and IFN-gamma. In this study, we examined whether administration of lipoprotein I (OprI) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa could prevent the inflammatory and physiological manifestations of asthma in a murine model of OVA-induced allergic asthma. OprI triggered dendritic cells to make IL-12 and TNF-alpha, with subsequent IFN-gamma production from T cells. OprI stimulation of dendritic cells involved both TLR2 and TLR4. Intranasal coadministration of OprI with OVA allergen resulted in a significant decrease in airway eosinophilia and Th2 (IL-4 and IL-13) cytokines and this effect was sustained after repeated allergen challenge. The immediate suppressive effect of OprI (within 2 days of administration) was accompanied by an increase in Th1 cytokine IFN-gamma production and a significant, but transient infiltration of neutrophils. OprI did not redirect the immune system toward a Th1 response since no increased activation of locally recruited Th1 cells could be observed upon repeated challenge with allergen. Our data show for the first time that a bacterial lipoprotein can modulate allergen-specific Th2 effector cells in an allergic response in vivo for a prolonged period via stimulation of the TLR2/4 signaling pathway.
Synthesis, structure and properties of ethyl naphth[2,3-f]isoindole-1-carboxylate (2012)

Ethyl 12-oxo-4,11-dihydro-4,11-ethanonaphth[2,3-f]isoindole-1-carboxylate (2) was prepared from 7-tert-butoxynorbornadiene and quantitatively converted to ethyl naphth[2,3-f]isoindole-1-carboxylate (3) by the thermal or photochemical cheletropic reaction. Ethyl naphth[2,3-f]isoindole-1-carboxylate (3) existed in a 2H-form both in solution and as a solid, and gradually dimerized to give a dianthradiazafulvalene derivative under aerobic conditions.