gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strangers in strange lands: mitochondrial proteins found at extra-mitochondrial locations (2019)

The mitochondrial proteome is estimated to contain ∼1100 proteins, the vast majority of which are nuclear-encoded, with only 13 proteins encoded by the mitochondrial genome. The import of these nuclear-encoded proteins into mitochondria was widely believed to be unidirectional, but recent discoveries have revealed that many these 'mitochondrial' proteins are exported, and have extra-mitochondrial activities divergent from their mitochondrial function. Surprisingly, three of the exported proteins discovered thus far are mitochondrially encoded and have significantly different extra-mitochondrial roles than those performed within the mitochondrion. In this review, we will detail the wide variety of proteins once thought to only reside within mitochondria, but now known to 'emigrate' from mitochondria in order to attain 'dual citizenship', present both within mitochondria and elsewhere.
Supplementary Table 1 from Immunotherapy Targeting HPV16/18 Generates Potent Immune Responses in HPV-Associated Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1: Adverse Events Amongst All Patients Treated on Trial (n=22)&lt;/p&gt;
Equivalencing the Collector System of a Large Wind Power Plant: Preprint (2006)

This paper focuses on our effort to develop an equivalent representation of a wind power plant collector system for power system planning studies.
Influence of sulfate supply on selenium uptake dynamics and expression of sulfate/selenate transporters in selenium hyperaccumulator and nonhyperaccumulator Brassicaceae (2017)

Stanleya pinnata not only hyperaccumulates selenium (Se) to 0.5% of its dry weight, but also exhibits higher tissue Se-to-sulfur (S) ratios than other species and its surroundings. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this Se enrichment, we compared S. pinnata with the nonhyperaccumulators S. elata and Brassica juncea for selenate uptake in long- (9 d) and short-term (1 h) assays, using different concentrations of selenate and competitor sulfate. Different sulfate pre-treatments (0, 0.5, 5 mM, 3 d) were also tested for effects on selenate uptake and sulfate transporters' expression. Relative to nonhyperaccumulators, S. pinnata showed higher rates of root and shoot Se accumulation and less competitive inhibition by sulfate or by high-S pretreatment. The selenate uptake rate for S. pinnata (1 h) was three- to four-fold higher than for nonhyperaccumulators, and not significantly affected by 100-fold excess sulfate, which reduced selenate uptake by 100% in S. elata and 40% in B. juncea. Real-time reverse transcription PCR indicated constitutive upregulation in S. pinnata of sulfate transporters SULTR1;2 (root influx) and SULTR2;1 (translocation), but reduced SULTR1;1 expression (root influx). In S. pinnata, selenate uptake and translocation rates are constitutively elevated and relatively sulfate-independent. Underlying mechanisms likely include overexpression of SULTR1;2 and SULTR2;1, which may additionally have evolved enhanced specificity for selenate over sulfate.
Neutron detection apparatus and method (2023)

An apparatus for neutron detection is provided. The apparatus comprises a sensor medium in electrical contact with an electrode arrangement conformed to collect radiation-generated charge from the sensor medium. The sensor medium comprises a borazine and/or a borazine-based polymer.
Supplementary Figure Legends and Data Tables from Transient Sox9 Expression Facilitates Resistance to Androgen-Targeted Therapy in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends and Data Table containing developmental reprogramming 59-Gene commonly regulated gene list.&lt;/p&gt;
A Bit Stream Feature-Based Energy Estimator for HEVC Software Encoding (2022)

The total energy consumption of today’s video coding systems is globally significant and emphasizes the need for sustainable video coder applications. To develop such sustainable video coders, the knowledge of the energy consumption of state-of-the-art video coders is necessary. For that purpose, we need a dedicated setup that measures the energy of the encoding and decoding system. However, such measurements are costly and laborious. To this end, this paper presents an energy estimator that uses a subset of bit stream features to accurately estimate the energy consumption of the HEVC software encoding process. The proposed model reaches a mean estimation error of 4.88% when averaged over presets of the x265 encoder implementation. The results from this work help to identify properties of encoding energy-saving bit streams and, in turn, are useful for developing new energy-efficient video coding algorithms.
Implementing Innovative Approaches to Healthcare in a Lower-Middle Income Country: Perspectives from Malawi (2020)

Malaŵi is an under-doctored and resource-poor country. North-South partnerships in Malaŵi should be strengthened with particular emphasis on healthcare innovations, such as eHealth, which allow healthcare problems to be highlighted early while preventative measures are still possible.
A Zero‐Dimensional Organic Seesaw‐Shaped Tin Bromide with Highly Efficient Strongly Stokes‐Shifted Deep‐Red Emission (2017)

The synthesis and characterization is reported of (C<sub>9</sub> NH<sub>20</sub> )<sub>2</sub> SnBr<sub>4</sub> , a novel organic metal halide hybrid with a zero-dimensional (0D) structure, in which individual seesaw-shaped tin (II) bromide anions (SnBr<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> ) are co-crystallized with 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cations (C<sub>9</sub> NH<sub>20</sub><sup>+</sup> ). Upon photoexcitation, the bulk crystals exhibit a highly efficient broadband deep-red emission peaked at 695 nm, with a large Stokes shift of 332 nm and a high quantum efficiency of around 46 %. The unique photophysical properties of this hybrid material are attributed to two major factors: 1) the 0D structure allowing the bulk crystals to exhibit the intrinsic properties of individual SnBr<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup> species, and 2) the seesaw structure enabling a pronounced excited state structural deformation as confirmed by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.
Preparation of polybenzoxazole nanofibers by a downsizing process (2015)

Poly(<italic>p</italic>-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) nanofibers were prepared from commercially available PBO fiber by a simple downsizing process for the first time.
Advances in low bitrate time-frequency coding (2015)

In this paper a novel technique is presented to efficiently mix traditional ACELP time domain coding with a frequency domain coding model to improve the quality of generic audio signals coded at low bitrates without additional delay. The paper discusses how to integrate parts of a traditional Algebraic Code Excited Linear Prediction (ACELP) speech codec to create a time-domain contribution which coexists with a frequency based coding model. A mechanism to determine the value of the time-domain contribution is proposed and a method is described how the frequency-domain contribution might be added without increasing the overall delay of the codec. The proposed method forms part of the recently standardised 3GPP EVS codec.
Low-driving-current InGaAsP Photonic-wire Optical Switches using III-V CMOS Photonics Platform (2012)

Electrically-driven Mach-Zehnder interferometer type InGaAsP photonic-wire optical switches using III-V CMOS photonics platform have been demonstrated. Optical switching with 10 dB extinction ratio was achieved with driving current of 200 µA.
Hexagonal wavelet decomposition for texture characterization (1998)

This paper demonstrates new possibilities in texture characterization. offered by hexagonal spectral decomposition schemes. We have described, theoretically analyzed and compared image decompositions based on separable and hexagonal sampling. For both decompositions, feature extraction is performed with the fillers derived troni the same 1D wavelet family, and textures are characterized by a set at channel variances calculated at the output at the corresponding filter bank. Experiments with a large number of textures have shown that in standard working conditions both decompositions perform equally, but that hexagonal transform is optimal for line structural analysis and performs well in the presence of noise. Finally, hexagonal decomposition was incorporated in a simple region growing technique, showing its use in a texture segmentation.
Coupling, Q-factor, and Integration Aspects of Microsphere Applications (1999)

With suggested applications varying fiom microlaser and cavity QED through optical locking of diode lasers to modulators and sensors [l-3], high-Q silica microspheres with whqering-gallery (WG) modes so far remain the subject of tabletop feasibility demonstrations. Despite the uniquely high quality-factor and submillimeter dimensions suitable for tight packaging, this novel type of high-finesse cavity still has to be adapted to fiber- and integrated-optic hardware.
Effect of Molecular Orbital Angular Momentum on the Spatial Distribution of Fluorescence during Femtosecond Laser Filamentation in Air (2020)

Nonuniform azimuthal distribution of N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> fluorescence emitted from the femtosecond laser filament in air was discovered. The fluorescence is stronger when the detector is placed perpendicular or parallel to the laser polarization. The experimental results have been confirmed by the theoretical calculation that the azimuthal distribution of fluorescence is reproduced by the convolution of the transition of the dipole and the molecular alignment in the strong laser field. The results would provide new insight into laser-molecule interactions during filamentation, which are important in practice for remote sensing using filamentation.
Solution Synthesis and Assembly of Wurtzite-Derived Cu–In–Zn–S Nanorods with Tunable Composition and Band Gap (2015)

We report a low-energy colloidal synthesis route to homogeneously alloyed Cu–In–Zn–S nanorods that have the wurtzite crystal structure and demonstrate that the optical band gap of these nanorods is compositionally tunable through direct control of the zinc precursor molar ratio. The as-synthesized nanorods are highly monodisperse and can be assembled in both lateral and perpendicular arrays at the liquid–air interface.
Parameter estimation for von Mises-Fisher mixture model via Gaussian distribution (2014)

Directional statistics deal with direction, such as angles and phases. A well-known distribution in directional statistics is von Mises-Fisher (vMF) distribution, which is Gaussian distribution on a unit hypersphere. For a vMF mixture model, a maximum likelihood estimator and a variational Bayes estimator have already been derived. However, an iterative algorithm for finding the maximum likelihood estimator may accumulate approximation error. Besides, the variational Bayes estimator cannot estimate some parameters. This paper derives an estimator of the parameters in the vMF mixture model via the Gaussian distribution to solve these problems. We focus on the fact that the vMF distribution is derived from the Gaussian distribution. At first, we apply the estimation for the Gaussian mixture model to observed samples. Then, we convert the estimated Gaussian mixture distribution to a vMF mixture distribution. Experimental results support the analysis.
Colloidal and physicochemical characterization of proteincontaining poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres before and after drying (2009)

Abstract In the present work, the double emulsion (W/O/W) method was used to microencapsulate a protein model (Bovine Serum Albumin) in a biodegradable polymer poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (50:50) (PLGA). Colloidal and physicochemical characterization of PLGA based microspheres was investigated after their “crude” preparation and after drying and redispersion processes. Particle morphology and size were studied by scanning electron microscopy and by laser diffraction analysis. Electrokinetic study and colloidal stability were also studied as a function of pH and salinity of the medium. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to study the surface properties. It was found that smooth microspheres were obtained after the drying process. The Atomic force microscopy results of microspheres stored for one month in water show softness and surface irregularity caused by the microspheres degradation. The colloidal stability of theses microspheres is mainly governed by repulsive electrostatic interaction due to the PLGA charge. The used amount of stabilizing agent poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is low enough to ensure the sterical stabilization. Drying process has no effect on the surface properties and colloidal stability of the prepared microspheres.
Current transmission prevention methods: reducing disease spread from infected individuals (2014)

Summary Mycobacterium tuberculosis is readily transmitted in microscopic airborne particles called ‘droplet nuclei’. The extent to which the infection spreads to others is influenced by the infectiousness of the TB patient, local environmental conditions and the susceptibility of exposed individuals. Institutional strategies to prevent transmission should integrate the use of managerial processes, administrative guidelines, environmental protections and personal protective devices. In some settings, such as households and prisons, screening high-risk individuals may reduce transmission. Controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant TB and extensively drug-resistant TB is a critical challenge, which relies upon promptly making the diagnosis and initiating appropriate treatment. Local infection control policies must be adapted according to the epidemiological circumstances and availability of resources.
Therapeutic Potential of Anterior Cruciate Ligament-Derived Stem Cells for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2012)

We recently reported that the ruptured regions of the human anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) contained vascular-derived stem cells, which showed the potential for high expansion and multilineage differentiation. In this study, we performed experiments to test the hypothesis that ACL-derived CD34(+) cells could contribute to tendon-bone healing. ACL-derived cells were isolated from the rupture site of human ACL by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Following ACL reconstruction, immunodeficient rats received intracapsular administration of either ACL-derived CD34(+) cells, nonsorted (NS) cells, CD34(+) cells, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). We also performed in vitro cell proliferation assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion. We confirmed the recruitment of the transplanted cells into the perigraft site after intracapuslar injection by immunohistochemical staining at week 1. Histological evaluation showed a greater area of collagen fiber formation and more collagen type II expression in the CD34(+) group than the other groups at the week 2 time point. Immunostaining with isolectin B4 and rat osteocalcin demonstrated enhanced angiogenesis and osteogenesis in the CD34(+) group at week 2. Moreover, double immunohistochemical staining for human-specific endothelial cell (EC) and osteoblast (OB) markers at week 2 demonstrated a greater ability of differentiation into ECs and OBs in the CD34(+) group. Microcomputerized tomography showed the greatest healing of perigraft bone at week 4 in the CD34(+) cell group, and the failure load of tensile test at week 8 demonstrated the greatest biomechanical strength in the CD34(+) group. Furthermore, the in vitro studies indicated that the CD34(+) group was superior to the other groups in their cell proliferation and VEGF secretion capacities. We demonstrated that ACL-derived CD34(+) cells contributed to the tendon-bone healing after ACL reconstruction via the enhancement of angiogenesis and osteogenesis, which also contributed to an increase in biomechanical strength.
Retinal Parameters as Compared with Head Circumference, Height, Weight, and Body Mass Index in Children in Kenya and Bhutan (2018)

The retina shares embryological derivation with the brain and may provide a new measurement of overall growth status, especially useful in resource-limited settings. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides detailed quantification of retinal structures. We enrolled community-dwelling children ages 3-11 years old in Siaya, Kenya and Thimphu, Bhutan in 2016. We measured head circumference (age < 5 years only), height, and weight, and standardized these by age and gender. Research staff performed OCT (<i>iScan</i>; Optovue, Inc., Fremont, CA), measuring the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell complex (GCC) thicknesses. A neuro-ophthalmologist performed quality control for centration, motion artifact, and algorithm-derived quality scores. Generalized estimating equations were used to determine the relationship between anthropometric and retinal measurements. Two hundred and fifty-eight children (139 females, average age 6.4 years) successfully completed at least one retinal scan, totaling 1,048 scans. Nine hundred and twenty-two scans (88.0%) were deemed usable. Fifty-three of the 258 children (20.5%) were able to complete all six scans. Kenyan children had a thinner average GCC (<i>P</i> < 0.001) than Bhutanese children after adjustment for age and gender, but not RNFL (<i>P</i> = 0.70). In models adjusting for age, gender, and study location, none of standardized height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were statistically significantly associated with RNFL or GCC. We determined that OCT is feasible in some children in resource-limited settings, particularly those > 4 years old, using the <i>iScan</i> device. We found no evidence for GCC or RNFL as a proxy for height-, weight-, or BMI-for-age. The variation in mean GCC thickness in Asian versus African children warrants further investigation.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Interleukin-10 by TGFβ1 in Melanoma Enhances Tumor Infiltration and Immunosuppression (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 and Interleukin-10 by TGFβ1 in Melanoma Enhances Tumor Infiltration and Immunosuppression
Unrepeated 100 km SMF transmission of 110.3 Gbps/lambda DMT signal (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate 110.3 Gbps/lambda DMT transmission over 100 km SMF without chromatic dispersion compensation. Transmission reach extension is achieved by suppression of power fading of chromatic dispersion and nonlinearities using combination of VSB and NLC.
Estimation of optimum coding redundancy and frequency domain analysis of attacks for YASS - a randomized block based hiding scheme (2008)

Our recently introduced JPEG steganographic method called yet another steganographic scheme (YASS) can resist blind steganalysis by embedding data in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain in randomly chosen image blocks. To maximize the embedding rate for a given image and a specified attack channel, the redundancy factor used by the repeat- accumulate (RA) code based error correction framework in YASS is optimally chosen by the encoder. An efficient method is suggested for the decoder to accurately compute this redundancy factor. We also show experimentally which DCT coefficients are better suited for hiding and detection under various attacks. The effectiveness of YASS for robust steganography is demonstrated for certain attacks.
Inhibition of Immune Synapse by Altered Dendritic Cell Actin Distribution: A New Pathway of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Immune Regulation (2010)

Immune synapse formation between dendritic cells (DCs) and T cells is one of the key events in immune reaction. In immunogenic synapses, the presence of fully mature DCs is mandatory; consequently, the modulation of DC maturation may promote tolerance and represents a valuable therapeutic approach in autoimmune diseases. In the field of cell therapy, bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their immunoregulatory properties, such as inhibiting DC immunogenicity during in vitro differentiation and ameliorating in vivo models of autoimmune diseases (e.g., experimental allergic encephalomyelitis). MSCs seem to play different roles with regard to DCs, depending on cell concentration, mechanism of stimulation, and accompanying immune cells. The aim of this work was to elucidate the immunogenic effects of MSC/DC interactions during DC activation (LPS stimulation or Ag loading). Human monocyte-derived DCs, bone marrow-derived MSCs, and circulating lymphocytes obtained from healthy donors, as well as the laboratory-generated influenza virus hemagglutinin-derived peptide, aa 306-318 peptide-specific T cell line were used for this study. We demonstrate that MSCs mediate inhibition of DC function only upon cell-cell contact. Despite no modification observed in cell phenotype or cytokine production, MSC-treated DCs were unable to form active immune synapses; they retained endocytic activity and podosome-like structures, typical of immature DCs. The transcriptional program induced by MSC-DC direct interaction supports at the molecular pathway level the phenotypical features observed, indicating the genes involved into contact-induced rearrangement of DC cytoskeleton.
Linear Viscoelasticity and Flow of Self-Assembled Vitrimers: The Case of a Polyethylene/Dioxaborolane System (2020)

For vitrimer systems obtained by dynamic cross-linking of polymer chains, incompatibility effects between the cross-links and polymer backbone can lead to microphase separation, resulting in a network made of cross-linked aggregates. Additionally, when there is a wide distribution of the number of cross-links per chain, macrophase separation can occur, mostly due to entropic effects. Here, we investigate the linear viscoelasticity and flow of a polyethylene (PE) vitrimer that has cross-linkable dioxaborolane maleimide grafts, which self-assemble into a hierarchical nanostructure. To elucidate the role of self-assembly, we first studied dioxaborolane graft functionalized PE that was non-cross-linked. It had a terminal relaxation time that was orders of magnitude larger than both neat PE and partially peroxide cross-linked PE. When dioxaborolane cross-linker was added to form the vitrimer, the resulting material could not achieve terminal relaxation within 8 h. The soluble and insoluble portions of the PE vitrimer were then isolated and characterized. The soluble portion, which was graft-poor, expressed similar flow behavior as neat PE, while the insoluble portion—which was a graft-rich network of cross-linked aggregates—relaxed very little over 8 h. When the insoluble and soluble portions were blended, the rheological behavior of the original vitrimer was basically recovered, showing that the soluble portion acts as a lubricant. When the insoluble portion was blended with neat PE, the material relaxed much more stress but still did not reach steady-state flow within 8 h. When high stresses were applied, however, PE vitrimer flowed. Nonlinear rheology experiments revealed melt fracture at high strains and suggested that flow is enabled by rapid healing, which follows fracture events. The presence of macroscopic phase separation facilitated flow.
Dependence of Load Capacitance for a Coupling Quartz Crystal Resonator (1987)

This paper describes the dependence of load capacitance for a coupling quartz crystal resonator, in particular, a GT cut quartz crystal resonator. The coupling resonator causes a frequency variation by a change of coupling between each vibration. In this paper, it has been theoretically analyzed how the frequency characteristics vary when the coupling intensity is changed, and the results are compared with the experimental values. The coupling intensity between both vibrations is practically performed by the load capacitance CL . This influences frequency temperature characteristics, when discussing ±± ppm in frequency deviation over a wide temperature range of -30°C to +70°C.