gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New GaN HEMT Equivalent Circuit Modeling Technique Based on X-Parameters (2016)

In this paper, a new accurate small-and large-signal equivalent-circuit-based modeling technique for gallium nitride (GaN) HEMT transistors grown on silicon substrate is presented. Despite X-parameters are developed as tools for the development of black-box modeling, they are used for equivalent-circuit-based model extraction. Unlike traditional modeling that uses the small-signal data to build with an indirect manner a nonlinear model, the proposed model is extracted from X-parameter measurements directly. However, similar to the equivalent-circuit-based models discussed in the literature, the new model is subdivided into extrinsic and intrinsic parts. The extrinsic part consists of linear elements and is related to the physical layout of the transistor. The intrinsic part can be extracted with the proposed analytical de-embedding technique. The nonlinear intrinsic elements are represented by new nonlinear lumped impedances and admittances whose extraction is carried out using a newly proposed technique. This new technique uses nonlinear network parameters, various X-parameter conversion rules, and basic analysis techniques of interconnected nonlinear networks. It is accurate and more advantageous than traditional transistor modeling techniques. The modeling procedure was applied to a 10 μm × 200 μm GaN HEMT with a gate length of 0.25 μm. A very good accordance between model simulations and measurements was obtained, validating the modeling approach.
A SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus nucleocapsid protein antigen-detecting lateral flow assay (2021)

Inexpensive, simple, rapid diagnostics are necessary for efficient detection, treatment, and mitigation of COVID-19. Assays for SARS-CoV2 using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) offer good sensitivity and excellent specificity, but are expensive, slowed by transport to centralized testing laboratories, and often unavailable. Antigen-based assays are inexpensive and can be rapidly mass-produced and deployed at point-of-care, with lateral flow assays (LFAs) being the most common format. While various manufacturers have produced commercially available SARS-Cov2 antigen LFAs, access to validated tests remains difficult or cost prohibitive in low-and middle-income countries. Herein, we present a visually read open-access LFA (OA-LFA) using commercially-available antibodies and materials for the detection of SARS-CoV-2. The LFA yielded a Limit of Detection (LOD) of 4 TCID50/swab of gamma irradiated SARS-CoV-2 virus, meeting the acceptable analytical sensitivity outlined by in World Health Organization target product profile. The open-source architecture presented in this manuscript provides a template for manufacturers around the globe to rapidly design a SARS-CoV2 antigen test.
Novel stacked capacitor technology for 1‐Gbit DRAMs with (Ba,Sr)TiO3 thin films (1997)

Novel stacked cell capacitors with (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) films were prepared as dielectrics for Gbit-scale DRAMs. The BST films were deposited by the liquid source chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, and Ru was used as an electrode material for storage nodes and cell plates. For BST films on Ru electrodes, a two-step film deposition process by repetition of low-temperature deposition and subsequent-high temperature annealing was shown to result in smooth surface morphology and conformal step coverage; in addition, no residues were formed on the mask side walls during Ru etching in oxygen-containing plasmas. The surfaces of the Ru electrodes were not oxidized during the BST deposition and annealing process, and these results indicate that Ru is a most possible material for capacitor electrodes. The electrical properties obtained for the 25-nm-thick BST films on Ru electrodes are: leak current density 2 × 10−8 A/cm2, silicon dioxide equivalent thickness 0.5 nm. Using these techniques, minute stacked capacitors were fabricated with storage nodes 0.24 μm wide, 0.60 μm deep, and 0.2 μm high (spaced 0.14 mm apart), and their applicability for 1-Gbit DRAM memory cells was examined. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc., Electron Comm Jpn Pt 2, 80(5): 70–78, 1997
Optical waveguide fabrication inside transparent materials by use of plasma channeling induced by tailored femtosecond laser (2003)

With a loosely focused femtosecond laser, refractive index change is induced in silica glass without any scanning process. By decrease numerical aperture of the incident laser, the induction of irregular structure can be avoided such as clacks and spatial splitting of the induced refractive index change region. We demonstrate controlling of the refractive index change by optimizing the numerical aperture and input energy and input pulsewidth and laser shot number. A new method of fabrication of photonic devices in silica glass is proposed.
Neural Correlates of Enhanced Visual Attentional Control in Action Video Game Players: An Event-Related Potential Study (2018)

Action video game players (AVGPs) outperform non-action video game players (NAVGPs) on a range of perceptual and attentional tasks. Although several studies have reported neuroplastic changes within the frontoparietal networks of attention in AVGPs, little is known about possible changes in attentional modulation in low-level visual areas. To assess the contribution of these different levels of neural processing to the perceptual and attentional enhancements noted in AVGPs, visual event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 14 AVGPs and 14 NAVGPs during a target discrimination task that required participants to attend to rapid sequences of Gabor patches under either focused or divided attention conditions. AVGPs responded faster to target Gabors in the focused attention condition compared with the NAVGPs. Correspondingly, ERPs to standard Gabors revealed a more pronounced negativity in the time range of the parietally generated anterior N1 component in AVGPs compared with NAVGPs during focused attention. In addition, the P2 component of the visual ERP was more pronounced in AVGPs than in NAVGPs over the hemisphere contralateral to the stimulus position in response to standard Gabors. Contrary to predictions, however, attention-modulated occipital components generated in the low-level extrastriate visual pathways, including the P1 and posterior N1, showed no significant group differences. Thus, the main neural signature of enhanced perceptual and attentional control functions in AVGPs appears linked to an attention-dependent parietal process, indexed by the anterior N1 component, and possibly to more efficient higher-order perceptual processing, indexed by the P2 component.
Comparative Functional Genomic Analysis ofSolanumGlandular Trichome Types (2010)

Glandular trichomes play important roles in protecting plants from biotic attack by producing defensive compounds. We investigated the metabolic profiles and transcriptomes to characterize the differences between different glandular trichome types in several domesticated and wild Solanum species: Solanum lycopersicum (glandular trichome types 1, 6, and 7), Solanum habrochaites (types 1, 4, and 6), Solanum pennellii (types 4 and 6), Solanum arcanum (type 6), and Solanum pimpinellifolium (type 6). Substantial chemical differences in and between Solanum species and glandular trichome types are likely determined by the regulation of metabolism at several levels. Comparison of S. habrochaites type 1 and 4 glandular trichomes revealed few differences in chemical content or transcript abundance, leading to the conclusion that these two glandular trichome types are the same and differ perhaps only in stalk length. The observation that all of the other species examined here contain either type 1 or 4 trichomes (not both) supports the conclusion that these two trichome types are the same. Most differences in metabolites between type 1 and 4 glands on the one hand and type 6 glands on the other hand are quantitative but not qualitative. Several glandular trichome types express genes associated with photosynthesis and carbon fixation, indicating that some carbon destined for specialized metabolism is likely fixed within the trichome secretory cells. Finally, Solanum type 7 glandular trichomes do not appear to be involved in the biosynthesis and storage of specialized metabolites and thus likely serve another unknown function, perhaps as the site of the synthesis of protease inhibitors.
The Effects of Helmet Therapy Relative to the Size of the Anterior Fontanelle in Nonsynostotic Plagiocephaly: A Retrospective Study (2019)

Helmet therapy is an important nonsurgical approach for patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly, but its effectiveness may depend on certain anatomical features. We retrospectively examined the effects of helmet therapy according to the size of the anterior fontanelle. Two hundred patients with nonsynostotic plagiocephaly who underwent helmet therapy between 2016 and 2018 were included. Data regarding age at treatment onset and treatment duration were collected. Patients were divided into two groups depending on the age at treatment initiation: the 12-23 weeks group and the >23 weeks group. Patients were also divided based on the anterior fontanelle size to analyze the effects of helmet therapy according to the severity of plagiocephaly in each group as the change in the cranial vault asymmetry index (CVAI). Therapeutic effects were evaluated using the cranial vault asymmetry (CVA), CVAI, anterior symmetry ratio, posterior symmetry ratio (PSR), and overall symmetry ratio at baseline and treatment completion. Treatment initiation at age 12-23 weeks resulted in better effects than that after age 24 weeks. There were no sex-dependent differences in therapeutic effects. Greater changes in the CVA, CVAI, and PSR were associated with larger anterior fontanelles. Therefore, the anterior fontanelle size could be a prognostic factor for estimating helmet therapy outcomes.
High heat flux two-phase cooling of electronics with integrated diamond/porous copper heat sinks and microfluidic coolant supply (2016)

We here present an approach to cooling of electronics requiring dissipation of extreme heat fluxes exceeding 1 kW/cm2 over ∼1 cm2 areas. The approach applies a combination of heat spreading using laser micromachined diamond heat sinks; evaporation/boiling in fine featured (5 µm) conformal porous copper coatings; microfluidic liquid routing for uniform coolant supply over the surface of the heat sink; and phase separation to control distribution of liquid and vapor phases. We characterize the performance of these technologies independently and integrated into functional devices. We report two-phase heat transfer performance of diamond/porous copper heat sinks with microfluidic manifolding at full device scales (0.7 cm2) with heat fluxes exceeding 1300 W/cm2 using water working fluid. We further show application of hydrophobic phase separation membranes for phase management with heat dissipation exceeding 450 W/cm2 at the scale of a single extended surface (∼300 µm).
The Synthesis and Characterization of Dendritic Molecules (1998)

The prelims comprise: Introduction Methodologies in Dendrimer Synthesis New Developments in the Chemistry of Dendritic Molecules Conclusions References
The B-cells that express anti-MAG antibodies in neuropathy and non-malignant IgM monoclonal gammopathy belong to the CD5 subpopulation. (1991)

B-cells that express monoclonal IgM anti-MAG antibodies (M-protein) in a patient with neuropathy and non-malignant IgM monoclonal gammopathy were studied by flow cytometry to determine if they bear the CD5 cell surface antigen. The CD5+ antigen is expressed on a subpopulation of B-cells which has been implicated in the secretion of autoantibodies and development of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL). The monoclonal anti-MAG antibodies secreting B-cells were identified by a mouse monoclonal antibody to M-protein idiotype. Cytofluorometric analysis revealed that approximately 62% of the idiotype-positive B-lymphocytes expressed the CD5 antigen. The result of this study indicate that monoclonal anti-MAG antibodies may be secreted by CD5+ B-cells, and that B-cells in some cases of non-malignant IgM monoclonal gammopathy may be phenotypically similar to B-CLL cells.
Carbonated water injection for oil recovery and CO2 storage (2008)

CO2 injection is increasingly considered as having potential applications as a possible enhanced oil recovery (EOR) process for oil reservoirs. Storage potential of these reservoirs to store CO2 for a long period of time also provides an opportunity to develop sustainable solutions in response to the challenge of continued use of fossil fuels, climate-change and compliance with national and international commitments to reduce CO2 emissions. Poor sweep efficiency has been a problem in CO2-floods of many oil reservoirs and hence, injection strategies like WAG (water-alternating-gas) injection have been proposed and applied as a way to mitigate the problem. An alternative injection strategy is carbonated water injection (CWI). This paper describes some of the results of an ongoing research project to investigate both experimentally and theoretically the process of CWI. The results of our flow visualization experiments using high-pressure transparent micromodels, reveal the underlying physical processes and the pore-scale mechanisms of fluid-fluid and fluidsolid interactions during CWI. The results show that CWI, compared to unadulterated water injection, improves oil recovery as both secondary (before water flooding) and tertiary (after water flooding) recovery methods. The improvement is, however, higher when carbonated water is injected in the secondary recovery mode. The main mechanisms of oil recovery by CWI are swelling and coalescence of the isolated oil ganglia and the resultant fluid redistribution as a result of CO2 diffusion. A favourable increase in water viscosity and decrease in oil viscosity also contribute to this promising enhanced oil recovery method. A one-dimensional mathematical model is also presented which honours the experimental observations and simulates the dynamic process of oil swelling due to CO2 dissolution with and without water layers separating the oil from the source of CO2.
SARS-CoV-2 Convalescent Sera Binding and Neutralizing Antibody Concentrations Compared with COVID-19 Vaccine Efficacy Estimates against Symptomatic Infection (2022)

Previous COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) studies have estimated neutralizing and binding antibody concentrations that correlate with protection from symptomatic infection; how these estimates compare to those generated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. Here, we assessed quantitative neutralizing and binding antibody concentrations using standardized SARS-CoV-2 assays on 3,067 serum specimens collected during 27 July 2020 to 27 August 2020 from COVID-19-unvaccinated persons with detectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Neutralizing and binding antibody concentrations were severalfold lower in the unvaccinated study population compared to published concentrations at 28 days postvaccination. In this convenience sample, ~88% of neutralizing and ~63 to 86% of binding antibody concentrations met or exceeded concentrations associated with 70% COVID-19 VE against symptomatic infection; ~30% of neutralizing and 1 to 14% of binding antibody concentrations met or exceeded concentrations associated with 90% COVID-19 VE. Our study not only supports observations of infection-induced immunity and current recommendations for vaccination postinfection to maximize protection against COVID-19, but also provides a large data set of pre-COVID-19 vaccination anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody concentrations that will serve as an important comparator in the current setting of vaccine-induced and hybrid immunity. As new SARS-CoV-2 variants emerge and displace circulating virus strains, we recommend that standardized binding antibody assays that include spike protein-based antigens be utilized to estimate antibody concentrations correlated with protection from COVID-19. These estimates will be helpful in informing public health guidance, such as the need for additional COVID-19 vaccine booster doses to prevent symptomatic infection. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Although COVID-19 vaccine efficacy (VE) studies have estimated antibody concentrations that correlate with protection from COVID-19, how these estimates compare to those generated in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is unclear. We assessed quantitative neutralizing and binding antibody concentrations using standardized assays on serum specimens collected from COVID-19-unvaccinated persons with detectable antibodies. We found that most unvaccinated persons with qualitative antibody evidence of prior infection had quantitative antibody concentrations that met or exceeded concentrations associated with 70% VE against COVID-19. However, only a small proportion had antibody concentrations that met or exceeded concentrations associated with 90% VE, suggesting that persons with prior COVID-19 would benefit from vaccination to maximize protective antibody concentrations against COVID-19.
Playing video games enhances visual attention in children (2004)

Previous research has documented specific changes in visual attention as a result of playing action-based video games (Green and Bavelier, 2003). Typically, these games require players to make responses to selected stimuli, distribute their attention across the visual field, and orient to multiple moving targets. We sought to extend these findings by examining whether children who play these types of video games display changes in visual spatial attention relative to non-action game playing children. A total of 114 children between the ages of 7 and 17 years were tested. Children were classified post-hoc as ‘action game players’ if they reported playing first-person perspective action video games or ball-based sports video games in the 12 months prior to testing. Other children, were classified as non-action gamers, even though they may have played other kinds of video game. The effect of age on the measures tested was first assessed by comparing 7–10, 11–13 and 14–17 years old. The impact of action games was then evaluated by comparing players and non-players across these age ranges. Consistent with previous findings, game players exhibited larger flanker compatibility effects (using the ANT — Fan et al., 2002) and better performance on a child-friendly Useful Field of View task (Ball et al., 1993). These findings indicate enhanced visuo-spatial attention in young action gamers compared to non-action gamers, as observed in adults. Furthermore, action gamers could apprehend more objects as measured by a ball tracking task (Pylyshyn and Storm, 1988). Thus, playing video games enhances specific aspects of visual spatial attention in children, as in adults. These results indicate that the normal developmental time course of visual spatial attention is determined by maturational factors, but also plastic in the face of action gaming. This opens the possibility of using video gaming to potentiate visual attention skills in patients, young or old, with visual deficits.
Silicon Interposers Enable High Performance Capacitors (2011)

Thin film capacitors without TSVs have been used previously. However, with the interconnect inductance being high, benefits of thin film capacitors have not been fully realized. TSV interposers with embedded capacitors provide the shortest electrical path between devices and power supply decoupling capacitors. TSVs with their very low inductance interconnects thus will enable very high electrical performance when integrated with embedded thin film capacitors. ALLVIA, on behalf of it's foundry customers, has been conducting studies of various capacitors on silicon interposers. The data presented in this paper shows after several thermal cycles that planar capacitors on silicon results in stable, reliable capacitors operating at very high frequencies. Unlike an issue of parallel resonance seen with chip capacitors, planar capacitors in interposers don't exhibit this property.
Laboratory on legs: an architecture for adjustable morphology with legged robots (2012)

For mobile robots, the essential units of actuation, computation, and sensing must be designed to fit within the body of the robot. Additional capabilities will largely depend upon a given activity, and should be easily reconfigurable to maximize the diversity of applications and experiments. To address this issue, we introduce a modular architecture originally developed and tested in the design and implementation of the X-RHex hexapod that allows the robot to operate as a mobile laboratory on legs. In the present paper we will introduce the specification, design and very earliest operational data of Canid, an actively driven compliant-spined quadruped whose completely different morphology and intended dynamical operating point are nevertheless built around exactly the same "Lab on Legs" actuation, computation, and sensing infrastructure. We will review as well, more briefly a second RHex variation, the XRL platform, built using the same components.
Task-driven acquisition in anisotropic x-ray dark-field tomography (2019)

Anisotropic X-ray Dark-field Tomography (AXDT) is a novel imaging modality aimed at the reconstruction of spherical scattering functions in every three-dimensional volume element, based on the directional X-ray dark-field contrast as measured by an X-ray grating interferometer. In this work, we re-derive a detectability index for the AXDT forward model directly using the spherical function formulation, and use it to compute optimized acquisition trajectories using a greedy algorithm. The results demonstrate that the optimized trajectories can represent task-specific features in AXDT accurately using only a fraction of the data.
Preparation and Loading of Gelatin Nanoparticles (2008)

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes the synthesis of nanoparticles using the biopolymer gelatin and its derivatives, the loading of DNA to the nanoparticles by encapsulation and adsorption, and the estimation of entrapment efficiency. The steps involved in the preparation of nanoparticles by desolvation using ethanol are presented, as are the precautions to be taken during the encapsulation or adsorption of the payload.
Novel contrast agents for contrast-enhanced computed tomography that allow 3D visualization of the blood vessel network and fat cell distribution in bone marrow (2015)

status: Accepted
The Effect of Ticlopidine on the Release of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor from Platelets (1989)

The effect of ticlopidine, an anti-coagulant drug, on the release of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) from circulating platelets was examined. Five hundred mg ticlopidine were administered to 5 healthy male volunteers (mean±SD age of 30.0±3.2 years old, range 26 to 34 years old) for seven days. Just before and after administration of the drug, platelet rich plasma (4×108 platelets/ml) was obtained and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was used to stimulate the release of PDGF. The quantity of PDGF released from the platelets was measured by radioimmunoassay. The administration of the ticlopidine significantly (p<0.05) suppressed the release of PDGF induced by 4μM ADP from 4.0±1.3ng/4×108 platelets to 0.8±0.2ng/4×108 platelets. These results suggest that ticlopidine may suppress the development of atherosclerosis by inhibiting the release of PDGF from platelets.