gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis and Modeling of Geometry Dependent Thermal Resistance in Silicon-on-Insulator Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors (2013)

It is demonstrated that the self-heating effect easily causes elevated thermal equilibrium condition within the active device for thin substrate MOSFETs. This leads to a non-linearity of the thermal resistance, which originally is a material specific constant. A compact model for describing the observed effective nonlinear thermal resistance has been developed which captures the device geometry effects as well as the bias condition dependences.
Binding of Monoclonal Anti-DNA and Anti-TB Glycolipids to Brain Tissue (1989)

The binding of human lupus anti-DNA antibodies and murine anti-mycobacterial antibodies to human cortical brain tissue sections was assessed by the indirect immunofluorescent technique. Prior adsorption of the reactive monoclonal antibodies on nuclear extracts, ss-DNA, synthetic polynucleotide polymers, histones, mycobacterial glycolipids, and bovine brain extracts abrogated the monoclonal antibodies' binding to the brain. Intermediate blocking activity was conferred also by ribonucleic components as RNP, Ro(SSA), and La(SSB). Specificity to neuronal tissue was demonstrated by failure of non-neuronal tissue extracts to abolish antibodies' reaction to the cortical tissue sections in competition assays. The anti-TB and anti-DNA antibodies seemed to compete on their binding to a common neuronal membranal epitope. These results indicate that mycobacteria share antigens with DNA and human brain tissue. Furthermore, these data support the concept that anti-DNA antibodies may play a pathogenetic role in SLE patients with neuropsychiatric involvement via crossing of a "leaky" blood brain barrier and attachment to brain tissue components.
Association between renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system blockade and future osteoporotic fracture risk in hypertensive population (2017)

Tissue renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) activation in sites of osteoporosis had been demonstrated in animal studies; however, the possibility of RAAS blockade to prevent future osteoporotic fracture had rarely been verified in clinical studies. We Used the Taiwan Longitudinal Health insurance database 2000 to 2008, the cohort study comprised patients age over 40 with a recorded new diagnosis of hypertension between January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2008, in addition, patients who had diagnosis of osteoporosis before the date of cohort enter were excluded. After the definite diagnosis of hypertension, each patient was followed until osteoporotic fracture happened or the end of 2008. The occurrence of osteoporotic fracture was evaluated in patients who either were or without taking RAAS blockade agents. Cox proportional hazard regressions were used to evaluate the osteoporotic fracture incidence after adjusting for known confounding factors. In total, 57,132 hypertensive patients comprised the study cohort. Our study results showed that the incidence of osteoporosis fracture in the whole cohort was significantly higher in the RAAS blockade non-user group than the user group. This phenomenon was observed in both sex and all age categories. Sensitivity analysis further showed the concordant lower osteoporosis fracture risk in patients with various RAAS blockers usage durations; the risk of osteoporosis fracture was the lowest in those drug use >365 days when compared with the non-user cohort. In conclusion, our study result demonstrated the lower future osteoporotic fracture risk in hypertensive subjects who received long term RAAS blocker treatment.
Genetics of symptom remission in outpatients with COVID-19 (2021)

ABSTRACT We conducted a genome-wide association study of time to remission of COVID-19 symptoms in 1723 outpatients with at least one risk factor for disease severity from the COLCORONA clinical trial. We found a significant association at 5p13.3 (rs1173773; P = 4.94 × 10 −8 ) near the natriuretic peptide receptor 3 gene ( NPR3 ). By day 15 of the study, 44%, 54% and 59% of participants with 0, 1, or 2 copies of the effect allele respectively, had symptom remission. In 851 participants not treated with colchicine (placebo), there was a significant association at 9q33.1 (rs62575331; P = 2.95 × 10 −8 ) in interaction with colchicine ( P = 1.19 × 10 −5 ) without impact on risk of hospitalisations, highlighting a possibly shared mechanistic pathway. By day 15 of the study, 46%, 62% and 64% of those with 0, 1, or 2 copies of the effect allele respectively, had symptom remission. The findings need to be replicated and could contribute to the biological understanding of COVID-19 symptom remission.
Progress of Gene Therapy in Cardiovascular Disease (2020)

Gene therapy has been extensively studied in peripheral and cardiac ischemia, heart and vein graft failure, and dyslipidemia, but most clinical trials failed to show their efficacies despite good outcomes in preclinical studies. So far, 2 gene therapies for dyslipidemia and one for critical limb ischemia in peripheral artery disease have been approved. In critical limb ischemia, gene therapy using proangiogenic factors has emerged as a novel therapeutic modality for promoting angiogenesis. Initial researches mainly focused on vascular endothelial growth factor, fibroblast growth factor, or hepatocyte growth factor. After the favorable results of basic research, several phase I and II clinical trials of these proangiogenic factors have shown promising results. However, only a phase III clinical trial of the intramuscular injection of hepatocyte growth factor plasmid DNA has shown successful outcomes, and it was recently approved in Japan for treating patients with critical limb ischemia who have ulcers and for whom no alternative therapeutic options are available. DNA vaccine is another promising modality of gene therapy. An antitumor vaccine suppressing angiogenesis through the inhibition of proangiogenic factors and an antihypertensive vaccine inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system are representative DNA vaccines. The advantage of DNA vaccine is its long-term effectiveness with a few vaccinations; however, the benefits and risks, such as adverse T-cell reaction against self-antigen or long-term side effects, of DNA vaccines should be carefully evaluated. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in proangiogenic gene therapy for critical limb ischemia and DNA vaccine for hypertension.
Time-Domain Chatter Simulation in Transient State Milling (2021)

Chatter between the end mill and thin aircraft components reduces tool life and surface quality. This paper presents a time-domain chatter analysis that simulates the peripheral milling of thin aluminum plates. Peak forces and tool deformations were predicted in the time domain by simulation software written in C++. The maximum forces at various cutting depths and spindle speeds were predicted, and the stability lobe diagram was drawn in the frequency domain. The software was validated in comparison with the results of Professor Y. C. Shin’s experiments and was used to analyze the relationship between chatter and runout, number of teeth, and feed rate in virtual space. The chatter in transient state was simulated to predict the side effect of feed rate control.
Development of a microdevice for facile analysis of theophylline in whole blood by a cloned enzyme donor immunoassay (2018)

We have developed a microdevice for therapeutic drug monitoring. In this device, dispensing of sample and reagent was accomplished by simple manual operation of a syringe. Moreover, for a simple and rapid measurement, we used cloned enzyme donor immunoassay as a detection principle. These features and the reagent that is enclosed in microdevice beforehand make it possible to complete the facile analysis. In this paper, our model analyte was 1,3-dimethylxanthine (theophylline), a kind of bronchodilator. The fluorescence measurement of theophylline in whole blood was achieved with the limit of detection of 0.73 μg mL-1. This microdevice provides rapid analysis (4 min), requires only a small volume of sample (2 μL) and features simple operation; hence, it is readily applicable to point of care testing.
System-on-a-chip global interconnect optimization (2003)

The width of global interconnects is optimized to have a large bisectional bandwidth along with a small latency, power dissipation, repeater area and via blockage. The optimal wire width, which maximizes the product of data flux density OD and reciprocal delay 1//spl tau/, is independent of the interconnect length and can be used for all global interconnects. Data flux density OD (per unit width) determines the bisectional bandwidth and therefore, the total number of bits per second that global interconnect levels can potentially transfer. Using optimal wire width decreases the latency, energy dissipation, and repeater area by 42%, 30%, and 84%, respectively compared to using half the optimal wire width at the price of 14% smaller bisectional bandwidth.
Second-order receptive fields reveal multidigit interactions in area 3b of the macaque monkey (2012)

Linear receptive field (RF) models of area 3b neurons reveal a three-component structure: a central excitatory region flanked by two inhibitory regions that are spatially and temporally nonoverlapping with the excitation. Previous studies also report that there is an "infield" inhibitory region throughout the neuronal RF, which is a nonlinear interactive (second order) effect whereby stimuli lagging an input to the excitatory region are suppressed. Thus linear models may be inaccurate approximations of the neurons' true RFs. In this study, we characterize the RFs of area 3b neurons, using a second-order quadratic model. Data were collected from 80 neurons of two awake, behaving macaque monkeys while a random dot pattern was scanned simultaneously across the distal pads of digits D2, 3, and 4. We used an iterative method derived from matching pursuit to identify a set of linear and nonlinear terms with significant effects on the neuronal response. For most neurons (65/80), the linear component of the quadratic RF was characterized by a single excitatory region on the dominant digit. Interactions within the dominant digit were characterized by two quadratic filters that capture the spatial aspects of the interactive infield inhibition. Interactions between the dominant (most responsive) digit and its adjacent digit(s) formed the largest class of cross-digit interactions. The results demonstrate that a significant part of area 3b responses is due to nonlinear mechanisms, and furthermore, the data support the notion that area 3b neurons have "nonclassical RF"-like input from adjacent fingers, indicating that area 3b plays a role in integrating shape inputs across digits.
Causal and Teleological Reasoning In Circuit Recognition (1979)

This thesis presents a theory of human-like reasoning in the general domain of designed physical systems, and in particular, electronic circuits. One aspect of the theory, causal analysis, describes how the behavior of individual components can be combined to explain the behavior of composite systems. Another aspect of the theory, teleological analysis, describes how the notion that the system has a purpose can be used to aid this causal analysis. The theory is implemented as a computer program, which, given a circuit topology, can construct by qualitative causal analysis a mechanism graph describing the functional topology of the system. This functional topology is then parsed by a grammar for common circuit functions. Ambiguities are introduced into the analysis by the often several possible mechanisms which might describe the circuit's function. These are disambiguated by teleological analysis. The requirement that each component be assigned an appropriate purpose in the functional topology imposes a severe constraint which eliminates all of the ambiguities. Since both analyses are based on heuristics, the chosen mechanism is a rationalization of how the circuit functions, and does not guarantee that the circuit actually does function. This type of coarse understanding of circuits is useful for analysis, design and troubleshooting. (Author)
Simultaneous fabrication of optical channel waveguides and out-of-plane branching mirrors from a polymeric slab structure (1997)

Recently, polymeric multimode optical waveguides have been widely studied for low-cost interconnection use. We describe fabrication processes for a low-loss poly(methyl methacrylate) (less than 0.1 dB/cm at 675 nm) waveguide based on the reactive-ion-etching technique and for a slope (45 degrees mirror face) formed on the waveguide. To obtain a ridge core with a crack-free and extremely smooth surface, we applied a heating process at a temperature greater than the glass transition point and a smoothening process by solvent. Furthermore, to fabricate simultaneously both vertical and sloped sidewalls, we applied a unique phenomenon in the process that decreases the etching rate directly under a narrow opening of etching mask. By using the above fabrication techniques, we demonstrated an out-of-plane branching mirror.
Augmentation of in vitro interleukin 10 production after in vivo administration of interleukin 18 is activated macrophage-dependent and is probably not involved in the antitumor effects of interleukin 18. (1999)

We have previously shown that interleukin (IL)-18 protects mice from intraperitoneal transplantation with syngeneic Meth A sarcoma, and in the process induces the production of large amounts of IL-10 from mitogen-stimulated treated mouse spleen cells, with a simultaneous augmentation of natural killer (NK) cell activity. Using in vivo and in vitro cell depletion methods, we now show that the cells producing IL-10 are neither NK cells nor macrophages (M phi), but that the IL-10 production is dependent on the presence of treated mouse M phi. Anti-IL-12 and anti-CD40L neutralizing antibodies could not inhibit the production of IL-10. Although IL-18-treated normal mouse enriched T cells stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies failed to produce IL-10, the cytokine was also undetectable in culture supernatants of IL-18-treated nude mouse spleen cells, indicating that T cells were directly involved in the induced production of IL-10. Flow cytometry for intracellular IL-10 confirmed that CD8+ T cells and other, as yet unidentified spleen cell sub-sets were secreting IL-10, but only a small percentage of CD4+ cells produced IL-10. In vivo experiments using anti-IL-10 antibody indicated that IL-10 may not be directly involved in the antitumor effects of IL-18.
Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and glucocorticoids modulate the expression of type 1 CRF receptor messenger ribonucleic acid in rat anterior pituitary cell cultures. (1996)

Previous studies involving radioreceptor and functional assays have shown that CRF and glucocorticoids are able to modulate CRF receptors of the brain and anterior pituitary. In this study, we analyzed the effects of CRF, vasopressin (AVP), dexamethasone (DEX), and corticosterone on the regulation of CRF receptor (CRF-R1) messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. CRF decreased CRF-R1 mRNA levels in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In the presence of 10 nM CRF, CRF-R1 mRNA levels decreased within 1 h (to 65 +/- 3% of the control value; P < 0.01) with a maximal effect after 3 h (to 28 +/- 1% of the control value; P < 0.001). The concentration dependence of the inhibitory effect of CRF at 3 h correlated with that required for ACTH secretion (half-maximal at approximately 0.03 nM). Treatment with a maximal (100 nM) dose of AVP or a submaximal (0.1 nM) dose of CRF for 3 h reduced CRF-R1 mRNA levels to 66 +/- 3% and 53 +/- 6% of the control value, respectively. In the presence of both AVP and CRF, CRF-R1 mRNA levels were 32 +/- 3% of the control value. The incubation of cells for 3 h with 10 microM forskolin to activate adenylate cyclase or with 20 nM 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate to activate protein kinase C resulted in a decrease in receptor mRNA levels to 40 +/- 9% (P < 0.01) and 28 +/- 8% (P < 0.001) of the control value, respectively, suggesting that the effects of CRF and AVP may be mediated by these pathways. DEX (20 nM) also caused a dose- and time-dependent decrease in mRNA levels. Maximal inhibition was observed after 3 h (to 31 +/- 6% of the control value; P < 0.001), with a partial recovery of mRNA levels at 24 or 48 h. Corticosterone similarly inhibited the accumulation of CRF-R1 mRNA in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but, in contrast to DEX, CRF-R1 mRNA levels returned almost to control levels after 24 h. These results indicate that the ability of CRF, AVP, and glucocorticoids to modulate the responses of corticotropes to CRF may be due in part to the actions of these agents on CRF-R1 mRNA accumulation.
RSD based Karatsuba multiplier for ECC processors (2013)

This paper proposes a 256 Redundant Signed Digits hardware multiplier based on Karatsuba that is suitable for prime field ECC processors. Redundant representation is essential for prime field ECC processors as the basis for carry free arithmetic. The proposed multiplier works by applying Karatsuba method at two levels where three recursively constructed blocks are used to perform large integer multiplication iteratively. Different design alternatives are presented and implemented in Xilinx Virtex-5 FPGA. A pipelined multiplier with a recursive blocks of size 64 digits can perform one full 256 RSD digits multiplication within 1.08μs, operating at maximum frequency of 61.91 MHz.
Sum Frequency Spectroscopy of Langmuir−Blodgett Fatty Acid Films on Hydrophobic Gold (2004)

Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) multilayer films of the cadmium salts of five long chain fatty acids (CnCOOH, n = 14, 16, 18, 20, and 22) deposited onto hydrophobic gold have been investigated in the C−H stretching region by sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFS). The highly ordered multilayer films were found to be strongly SF active, although the spectra were complicated by the presence of an interference effect dependent upon the number of layers deposited. This interference effect was evident in the phase of the measured asymmetric methyl stretching mode (r-). Conversely, the phases of the symmetric stretching modes (r+ and ) were largely unaffected. The measured SF spectra were shown to arise from the summation of spectra from the uppermost and lowermost fatty acid layers. The SF spectrum of the uppermost fatty acid layer has a characteristic interference behavior arising from interaction of its resonant signal with the nonresonant signal from the substrate. Quantification of the periodicity of this interference effect gives a value in satisfactory agreement with previous theoretical predictions. The SF spectrum of the lowermost fatty acid is, as expected, independent of the multilayer thickness. Summation of individual SF spectra of the uppermost and lowermost fatty acid layers of multilayer films (achieved via selective deuteration) has been shown to accurately reproduce experimental spectra of fully monoisotopic multilayers. These findings imply that interpretation of SF spectra of LB multilayer films deposited on metal substrates must be performed with care and that deconvolution of spectra in terms of contributing layers is imperative.
Electrochromic and liquid crystalline polycarbonates based on telechelic oligothiophenes (2015)

The triphosgene carbonate synthesis is adapted towards an alternating main-chain rod/coil polycarbonate based on a telechelic sexithiophene oligomer, yielding an electrochromic material displaying morphological behaviour typical of a liquid-crystalline polymer.
Abstract 3011: The role of peroxidasin in human prostate cancer. (2013)

Abstract Peroxidasin is a peroxidase associated with kidney disease and its function is not totally known. Peroxidasin was identified first in the common fruit fly, or Drosophilia, where its function has not been identified, but is expressed in different stages of development. When peroxidasin was identified in the human system, it was found in colon cancer cell lines as the product of a p-53 response gene. It was originally called melanoma gene 50 because it was speculated to be a potent-melanoma associated antigen. In previous studies, we have found using real-time PCR array, that peroxidasin is up regulated 300-fold in ARCaP prostate cancer cell line overexpressing Snail transcription factor. Snail is the transcriptional factor that is involved in Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, or EMT, which is associated with increased migration and metastasis. Snail down-regulates cell-cell association genes like E-cadherin and up-regulates mesenchymal genes like vimentin. We hypothesized that the enzyme, peroxidasin, will be one of the causes for increased cellular migration and increased tumor progression in aggressive prostate cancer. By using Western Blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical analyses, peroxidasin presence was examined in normal prostate epithelial tissue, prostate cancer patient tissue, non-metastatic and metastatic prostate cancer cell lines. We also utilized LNCaP and ARCaP prostate cancer cell lines that were modified to over-express Snail to better ascertain the regulation of peroxidasin by Snail in these cell lines. So far, we have found that peroxidasin is increased in prostate cancer patient tissue as compared to normal epithelial tissue. Peroxidasin is also expressed at varying levels in prostate cancer cell lines. LNCaP and ARCaP Snail-transfected cells also expressed more peroxidasin as compared to empty vector Neo control cells. Migration, invasion, and adhesion assays will be performed to examine the role of peroxidasin in these biological pathways. Based on the results, future studies will focus on the migration of prostate cancer cells towards nerve cells and if peroxidasin presence is significant to this process. Overall, we have shown that peroxidasin is highly expressed in prostate cancer and its expression is mediated by Snail transcription factor. Supported by grants P20MD002285-01 &amp; G12RR003062-22. Citation Format: Keith Woods. The role of peroxidasin in human prostate cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3011. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3011
Highly Site-SpecificH2Adsorption on VicinalSi(001)Surfaces (1998)

Experimental and theoretical results for the dissociative adsorption of ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ on vicinal Si(001) surfaces are presented. Using optical second-harmonic generation, sticking probabilities at the step sites are found to exceed those on the terraces by up to 6 orders of magnitude. Density functional theory calculations indicate the presence of direct adsorption pathways for monohydride formation but with a dramatically lowered barrier for step adsorption due to an efficient rehybridization of dangling orbitals.
5G New Radio UL Coverage with Peak Clipping (2017)

For the 5G new radio physical layer the CP-OFDM waveform has been chosen as the baseline for communications below 40 GHz. The requirement for multicarrier waveforms used for uplink is to achieve similar coverage as achieved by SC-FDMA in LTE uplink. In this paper, multiple candidate waveforms with enhanced CP-OFDM processing proposed for 5G incorporating realistic 3GPP compliant power amplifier model and peak clipping are evaluated in uplink transmission, and compared against SC-FDMA in terms of maximum average power amplifier output power and coded block error rate. It is shown that multicarrier waveforms have minor disadvantage in single-PRB transmission, but as the allocation size increases to encounter frequency selective fading the multicarrier waveforms provide similar or even improved link budget compared to SC-FDMA uplink. This implies that given the expected cell edge throughput requirements for 5G mobile broadband services and expected power amplifier development, enhanced CP-OFDM waveforms can achieve the uplink coverage requirement.