gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Storage in Graphite Nanofibers:  Effect of Synthesis Catalyst and Pretreatment Conditions (2003)

A series of graphite nanofibers (GNFs) that were subjected to various pretreatments were used to determine how modifications in the carbon structure formed during either synthesis or pretreatment steps results in active or inactive materials for hydrogen storage. The nanofibers possessing a herringbone structure and a high degree of defects were found to exhibit the best performance for hydrogen storage. These materials were exposed to several pretreatment procedures, including oxidative, reductive, and inert environments. Significant hydrogen storage levels were found for several in situ pretreatments. Examination of the nanofibers by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) after pretreatment and subsequent hydrogen storage revealed the existence of edge attack and an enhancement in the generation of structural defects. These findings suggest that pretreatment in certain environments results in the creation of catalytic sites that are favorable toward hydrogen storage. The best pretreatment resulted in a 3.8% hydrogen release after exposure at 69 bar and room temperature.
Artificial Protein−Protein Complexation between a Reconstituted Myoglobin and Cytochrome c (1998)

Artificial prosthetic porphyrins, 1·Fe and 1·Zn, in which two isophthalamide units having four carboxylates were bound to the terminal of each peripheral propionate side chain in protoporphyrin IX, were inserted into horse heart apomyoglobin to give novel myoglobins, rMb(1·Fe) and rMb(1·Zn), respectively. The resultant reconstituted myoglobins were designed to bind cationic cytochrome c on the protein surface via electrostatic interaction. The isoelectric point for rMb(1·Fe) was determined to be 5.5, which is about 2 pH units lower than that of native myoglobin. The pI value suggests that eight carboxylates of prosthetic group are located on the surface of the myoglobin. A construction of a myoglobin−cytochrome c complex was probed by paramagnetic 1H NMR and flash photolysis studies. The behavior of 1H NMR paramagnetic shifts in the rMb(1·FeCN)cytochrome c complex is comparable with that in the native pairing of cytochrome ccytochrome c peroxidase. Laser flash photolysis shows that a long-range ET from photoexcited rMb(1·Zn) to cytochrome c occurs within the protein−protein complex. The time-dependence of the transient spectra at 460 nm identified as the triplet excited state of rMb(1·Zn) leads to rate constant of forward ET and affinity of the protein−protein complex; kintra = (2.2 ± 0.1) × 103 s-1 and Ka = (6.5 ± 3.0) × 104 M-1 at 10 mM ionic strength and kintra = (2.3 ± 0.2) × 103 s-1 and Ka = (1.5 ± 0.6) × 104 M-1 at 20 mM ionic strength and pH 7.0. The binding affinity for cytochrome c decreases with increasing the ionic strength, indicating that the protein−protein complex is formed by electrostatic interaction. This work demonstrates that the artificial functional groups bound to the terminal of porphyrin in the reconstituted myoglobin can act as an effective recognition domain for a protein at the surface of the myoglobin.
PneuPrint: 3D printing on inflatables (2023)

Abstract This research investigated the feasibility of thermoplastic 3D printing on inflatable membranes. Five experiments were performed in an iterative process through design and manufacture (1), computational simulation and 3D scanning (2), and robotic fabrication on the pneumatic formwork (3). These experiments ranged from small to large-scale 3D printing. Experiment 1 demonstrated the small-scale feasibility of the process and the need to integrate an air-pressure control loop. Experiment 2 investigated the technique transfer from small to large-scale. Experiment 3 analyzed the deviation and shape accuracy of the inflatable membrane. Experiment 4 identified the required fabrication settings and compatibility between the membrane and the 3D printing material. Finally, Experiment 5 demonstrated the design and fabrication potential of large-scale 3D printed elements on pneumatic formworks. The results proved high potential for building freeform design elements for architectural applications on pneumatic formworks.
Dry actuation testing of viscous drag micropumping systems for determination of optimal drive waveforms (2004)

This paper presents the dry actuation testing procedures and results for novel viscous drag micropumping systems. To overcome the limitations of previously developed mechanical pumps, we have developed pumps that are surface micromachined for efficient mass production which utilize viscous drag (dominant at low Reynolds numbers typical of microfluidics) to move fluid. The SUMMiT (www.sandia.gov/micromachine) fabricated pumps, presented first by Kilani et al., are being experimentally and computationally analyzed. In this paper we will describe the development of optimal waveforms to drive the electrostatic pumping mechanism while dry. While wet actuation will be significantly different, dry testing provides insight into how to optimally move the mechanism and differences between dry and wet actuation can be used to isolate fluid effects. Characterization began with an analysis of the driving voltage waveforms for the torsional ratcheting actuator (TRA), a micro-motor that drove the gear transmission for the pump, actuated with SAMA (Sandia’s Arbitrary waveform MEMS Actuator), a new waveform generating computer program with the ability to generate and output arbitrary voltage signals. Based upon previous research, a 50% duty cycle half-sine wave was initially selected for actuation of the TRA. However, due to the geometry of the half-sine waveform, the loaded micromotor could not transmit the motion required to pump the tested liquids. Six waveforms were then conceived, constructed, and selected for device actuation testing. Dry actuation tests included high voltage, low voltage, high frequency, and endurance/reliability testing of the TRA, gear transmission and pump assembly. In the SUMMiT process, all of the components of the system are fabricated together on one silicon chip already assembled in a monolithic microfabrication process. A 40% duty cycle quarter-sine waveform with a 20% DC at 60V has currently proved to be the most reliable, allowing for an 825Hz continuous TRA operating frequency for the micropumps. This novel waveform allowed for higher TRA actuation frequencies than those obtained in prior research of the pumps.
Metrology of 3D freeform spherical gradient index preforms (2015)

We present an angular-scan swept-source optical coherence tomography system for 3D imaging and concentricity characterization of two generations of spherical gradient index preforms with a method to decouple the physical thickness and the index measurements.
Experimental Right Ventricular Hypertension Induces Regional β1‐Integrin–Mediated Transduction of Hypertrophic and Profibrotic Right and Left Ventricular Signaling (2018)

Experimentally induced RV hypertension triggers regional RV, hinge-point, and LV integrin β1-dependent mechanotransduction signaling pathways that eventually trigger myocardial fibrosis via transforming growth factor-β1 signaling. Reduced LV fibrosis and preserved global function, despite geometrical and pressure aberrations, suggest a possible elastin-mediated protective mechanism at the septal hinge points.
Endothelial Overexpression of Fas Ligand Decreases Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Deficient Mice (2004)

Overexpression of endothelial FasL is antiinflammatory and inhibits atherosclerosis under hypercholesterolemic conditions.
Color enhancement in multispectral image of human skin (2003)

Multispectral imaging is receiving attention in medical color imaging, as high-fidelity color information can be acquired by the multispectral image capturing. On the other hand, as color enhancement in medical color image is effective for distinguishing lesion from normal part, we apply a new technique for color enhancement using multispectral image to enhance the features contained in a certain spectral band, without changing the average color distribution of original image. In this method, to keep the average color distribution, KL transform is applied to spectral data, and only high-order KL coefficients are amplified in the enhancement. Multispectral images of human skin of bruised arm are captured by 16-band multispectral camera, and the proposed color enhancement is applied. The resultant images are compared with the color images reproduced assuming CIE D65 illuminant (obtained by natural color reproduction technique). As a result, the proposed technique successfully visualizes unclear bruised lesions, which are almost invisible in natural color images. The proposed technique will provide support tool for the diagnosis in dermatology, visual examination in internal medicine, nursing care for preventing bedsore, and so on.
5GFIVer: Functional Integrity Verification for 5G Cloud-Native Network Functions (2022)

5G networks attain a better performance along with a reduction in cost by cloudifying its network functions as Cloud+native Network Functions (CNFs). However, CNF may introduce new security concerns (e.g., data exfiltration and ransomware) due to potential code injection attacks against network functions at runtime. This will potentially result in a breach of functional integrity of these network functions. Towards verifying such functional integrity breaches of CNFs at the 5G-operator-level, existing approaches fell short, as most of them either (i) perform pre-deployment verification (i.e., verifying the CNF image before the deployment) and hence fail to verify integrity breaches occurring after the deployment, or (ii) perform post-deployment verification (i.e., verifying against attack signatures or normal behavior patterns) approaches that require provider-level data (e.g., system calls) which is usually inaccessible to 5G operators. In this paper, we propose 5GFIVer, a new operator-oriented approach for functional integrity verification of CNFs that overcomes the above-mentioned limitations. First, our approach utilizes the side-channel information such as performance metrics (which are already available at the operator level) so that no provider-level data is needed. Second, our approach implements unsupervised machine learning algorithms to detect outliers through time-series analysis of those available performance metrics, and hence no instrumentation for the data collection as well as no training data is required. Third, we leverage the correlation between multiple CNFs to improve the accuracy and minimize false positives (e.g., caused by cloud dynamics). Our experimental results under an open source 5G testbed demonstrate the effectiveness and negligible overhead of our solution.
Enhanced intrusive Voice Quality Estimation (EVQE) (2010)

A well known and used method of intrusive objective quality assessment is ITU-T P.862 - “Perceptual Evaluation of Speech Quality (PESQ) suffers from certain weaknesses. The standard is falling behind the latest coding technologies and as some papers have shown lacks the sufficient accuracy in performing reliable and accurate estimation. The proposed method of Enhanced Voice Quality Estimation (EVQE) utilizes a combination of several effective approaches from the field of speech signal analysis and voice quality estimation. Each approach presents its own perspective to assemble a comprehensive model of the human auditory system and perception. We found a considerable improvement in performance both in terms of the correlation and the absolute estimation error, by adapting these perceptual models to fit the requirements of intrusive speech quality evaluation algorithm, and combining them with PESQ.
High Performance Ge/Si Avalanche Photodiodes Development in Intel (2011)

Ge/Si avalanche photodiodes with record high gain-bandwidth and sensitivity for communication wavelength and high data rate, 10Gbps and 40Gbps, is demonstrated. These devices can be monolithically integrated with other silicon photonics components using CMOS technology.
INCITS W1.1 development update: appearance-based image quality standards for printers (2007)

In September 2000, INCITS W1 (the U.S. representative of ISO/IEC JTC1/SC28, the standardization committee for office equipment) was chartered to develop an appearance-based image quality standard.<sup>(1),(2)</sup> The resulting W1.1 project is based on a proposal<sup>(3)</sup> that perceived image quality can be described by a small set of broad-based attributes. There are currently six <i>ad hoc</i> teams, each working towards the development of standards for evaluation of perceptual image quality of color printers for one or more of these image quality attributes. This paper summarizes the work in progress of the teams addressing the attributes of Macro-Uniformity, Colour Rendition, Gloss &amp; Gloss Uniformity, Text &amp; Line Quality and Effective Resolution.
Dimethyl ether production from methanol and/or syngas (2023)

Disclosed are methods for producing dimethyl ether (DME) from methanol and for producing DME directly from syngas, such as syngas from biomass. Also disclosed are apparatus for DME production. The disclosed processes generally function at higher temperatures with lower contact times and at lower pressures than conventional processes so as to produce higher DME yields than do conventional processes. Certain embodiments of the processes are carried out in reactors providing greater surface to volume ratios than the presently used DME reactors. Certain embodiments of the processes are carried out in systems comprising multiple microchannel reactors.
CIS: The Crypto Intelligence System for automatic detection and localization of cryptographic functions in current malware (2012)

Finding and extracting crypto algorithms in binary code is often a tedious reverse engineering task. A significant amount of manual work is required when unknown implementations are used. This is especially true for malware that contains variants of existing or even completely new algorithms. So far, no flexible and generic crypto detection framework exists that can support analysts in this task. The framework must be able to handle various heuristics that each are ideal to detect specific types of cryptographic algorithms. In addition, a suitable set of heuristics must be selected that can identify a wide range of crypto algorithms from various classes since the type of crypto implemented in a binary is not always known. In this paper, we present the architecture of CIS, the Crypto Intelligence System, that fulfills the requirements for such a framework. Furthermore, we evaluate different heuristics for the real-world usage in the framework. The overall evaluation, using real programs, shows that CIS simplifies the job of an analysts significantly with a high detection and low false positive ratio.
Production of Procalcitonin (PCT) in Non-Thyroidal Tissue after LPS Injection (2003)

Procalcitonin (PCT) is one of the precursors in the synthesis of calcitonin in thyroidal C-cells and other neuroendocrine cells. PCT, among other calcitonin precursors, is elevated in the serum of many conditions associated with a systemic inflammatory response syndrome, even in the absence of the thyroid gland. The aim of our study was to identify PCT-producing extrathyroidal tissues in primate sepsis. In order to induce PCT production, we treated four olive baboons ( papio cynocephalus anubis) with the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from s. typhimurium. We found an increase in serum PCT 3 to 5 hours after LPS injection to levels of 0.2 ng/ml, attaining a peak above 4 ng/ml PCT at 10 hours. In contrast, the untreated baboon had no detectable circulating PCT in the serum. In one animal, additional LPS boosting after 24 hours did not increase serum PCT further. Soluble proteins were extracted from different organs, fractionated by C18 extraction, and PCT was measured in an immunoluminometric assay (ILMA), which was specifically developed for this study. PCT concentrations above 0.2 ng/g of wet tissue were found in a variety of organs in LPS treated baboons, but not in the control baboon. Organs and tissues with the highest PCT concentration included liver, kidney, aorta, fat, ovaries, bladder and adrenal gland. RT-PCR confirmed an extrathyroidal origin of PCT. Importantly, CT-mRNA expression was found in liver, lung, kidney, adrenal, colon, skin, spleen, brain and pancreas. In conclusion, our data confirm previous findings in hamsters, indicating an extrathyroidal origin for PCT in sepsis. Our primate model offers a valuable tool for further investigation of PCT's pathophysiological role and its immunoneutralization as a therapy for sepsis.
Reconfigurable State Machine Replication from Non-Reconfigurable Building Blocks (2015)

Reconfigurable state machine replication is an important enabler of elasticity for replicated cloud services, which must be able to dynamically adjust their size as a function of changing load and resource availability. We introduce a new generic framework to allow the reconfigurable state machine implementation to be derived from a collection of arbitrary non-reconfigurable state machines. Our reduction framework follows the black box approach, and does not make any assumptions with respect to its execution environment apart from reliable channels. It allows higher-level services to leverage speculative command execution to ensure uninterrupted progress during the reconfiguration periods as well as in situations where failures prevent the reconfiguration agreement from being reached in a timely fashion. We apply our framework to obtain a reconfigurable speculative state machine from the non-reconfigurable Paxos implementation, and analyze its performance on a realistic distributed testbed. Our results show that our framework incurs negligible overheads in the absence of reconfiguration, and allows steady throughput to be maintained throughout the reconfiguration periods.
Low-loss short-wavelength optical waveguides using ZnSe-ZnS strained-layer superlattices (1988)

Low-loss short-wavelength optical ridge waveguides using ZnSe-ZnS strained-layer superlattices (SLS’s) were successfully fabricated on GaAs substrates by low-pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. A propagation loss α as low as 0.71 cm−1 was obtained for the SLS waveguide composed of 80 periods of ZnSe(50 Å)-ZnS(50 Å) at the 0.633-μm wavelength TE fundamental mode. Therefore, this waveguide may be suited for optoelectronic integrated circuits composed of II-VI and III-V compound semiconductor devices. Furthermore, these waveguides exhibited a large difference in the propagation loss between TE and TM polarizations which may be related to the birefringence for TE and TM polarizations due to the slight anisotropy of the refractive index in the ZnSe-ZnS superlattice structure. This birefringence effect will be very useful for a polarizing optical device.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2‐Dihalovinylcyclopropanes as Highly Diastereoselective Three‐Atom Addends in Phenylthio Radical Mediated Vinylcyclopentane Synthesis. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Numerical Investigation of Diffuser Rotating Stall and System Instability in a Centrifugal Compressor With Vaned Diffuser (2018)

The operating range of a centrifugal compressor is often limited by the occurrence of the flow instability, such as diffuser rotating stall or system surge. In the paper, the unsteady numerical simulations are performed on a low-speed centrifugal compressor to investigate the characteristic of the rotating stall in the vaned diffuser. And also, the developed model of lumped parameter is used to predict the system instability. The flow field in the diffuser is firstly investigated at near stall condition. It is found that the leading-edge vortex and the secondary flow induce the hub-corner separation at the suction side of the diffuser blade. When the mass flow rate is reduced gradually, the fore part of the volute turns to act as a diffuser from a nozzle. Under the influence of the asymmetry induced by the volute, the hub-corner separation firstly develops into rotating stall in the passage with the lowest mass flow rate when at critical stall point. And then the diffuser rotating stall propagates along the circumferential direction at about 7% of the impeller speed. And also, the model of lumped parameter considering the effect of rotating stall is developed to analyze the system instability of mild surge. The predicted vibration frequency is within 5.8% of the measurement and the predicted transient process in mild surge matches well with the measurement. With different volume of the compressed air, the transient compressor characteristic tends to be stabilized or oscillates in a cycle along the counter-clockwise with different magnitude.
SCALE: Modeling Clothed Humans with a Surface Codec of Articulated Local Elements (2021)

Learning to model and reconstruct humans in clothing is challenging due to articulation, non-rigid deformation, and varying clothing types and topologies. To enable learning, the choice of representation is the key. Recent work uses neural networks to parameterize local surface elements. This approach captures locally coherent geometry and non-planar details, can deal with varying topology, and does not require registered training data. However, naively using such methods to model 3D clothed humans fails to capture fine-grained local deformations and generalizes poorly. To address this, we present three key innovations: First, we deform surface elements based on a human body model such that large-scale deformations caused by articulation are explicitly separated from topological changes and local clothing deformations. Second, we address the limitations of existing neural surface elements by regressing local geometry from local features, significantly improving the expressiveness. Third, we learn a pose embedding on a 2D parameterization space that encodes posed body geometry, improving generalization to unseen poses by reducing non-local spurious correlations. We demonstrate the efficacy of our surface representation by learning models of complex clothing from point clouds. The clothing can change topology and deviate from the topology of the body. Once learned, we can animate previously unseen motions, producing high-quality point clouds, from which we generate realistic images with neural rendering. We assess the importance of each technical contribution and show that our approach outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of reconstruction accuracy and inference time. The code is available for research purposes at https://qianlim.github.io/SCALE .