gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memory Effect and Negative Differential Resistance by Electrode‐ Induced Two‐Dimensional Single‐ Electron Tunneling in Molecular and Organic Electronic Devices (2005)

Mysterious negative differential resistances and memory effects are commonly observed in molecular electronic thin-film devices such as organic light-emitting diodes. The authors describe how this may result from the formation of metallic nanospheres (see Figure) inside crevices resulting from defects, such as dust particles. Single-electron tunneling between the nanospheres, which are formed by nucleation and growth processes at the defect sites, results in the observed anomalous effects.
Abstract B43: Reversible linkage of two distinct small molecule inhibitors of MYC generates a more potent and selective dimeric inhibitor that is active in cancer cell lines over-expressing MYC (2015)

Abstract Up to 70% of all human cancers have deregulated or elevated levels of MYC, making MYC a high profile cancer drug target. The disordered structure of the MYC protein has made identifying small molecule inhibitors of this target very challenging, however recent reports have identified molecules that bind to MYC and block its function. Here we describe the successful application of a novel approach for generating selective dimeric MYC inhibitors by modifying and reversibly linking two previously described small molecule inhibitors of MYC (10058-F4 and 10074-G5) that bind to distinct sites in the bHLHZip domain of the protein. We synthesized two directed libraries of monomers based on each of these molecules to identify the optimal dimer configuration required to inhibit MYC activity. Each monomer contains one of the respective ligands, a connector of varying length, and a bioorthogonal linker element that allows reversible dimerization. We identified specific combinations of monomers (termed active dimers), which displayed synergistic inhibition of MYC in biochemical and cellular assays. Through SPR, ELISA and EMSA we demonstrate that these dimers directly bind to MYC, block its interaction with Max and thus its binding to DNA, respectively. These dimeric inhibitors have superior anti-proliferative activity in MYC over-expressing cell lines compared to their monomeric components, and this activity is correlated with a decrease in MYC protein levels and an inhibition of MYC-dependent gene expression. Control combinations that lack a linker element, and thus are unable to form a dimer, do not show any synergistic effects in these assay systems. Collectively, these data validate our new approach to generate selective inhibitors of MYC assembled from smaller, lower affinity components. This approach provides an opportunity for developing novel therapeutics against MYC and other challenging intracellular drug target classes. Citation Format: Jutta Wanner, Darlene Romashko, Douglas S. Werner, Earl W. May, Yue Peng, Ryan Schulz, Kenneth W. Foreman, Suzanne Russo, Lee D. Arnold, Maneesh Pingle, Donald E. Bergstrom, Francis Barany, Stuart Thomson. Reversible linkage of two distinct small molecule inhibitors of MYC generates a more potent and selective dimeric inhibitor that is active in cancer cell lines over-expressing MYC. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B43.
A Transcriptional Switch Mediated by Cofactor Methylation (2001)

We describe a molecular switch based on the controlled methylation of nucleosome and the transcriptional cofactors, the CREB-binding proteins (CBP)/p300. The CBP/p300 methylation site is localized to an arginine residue that is essential for stabilizing the structure of the KIX domain, which mediates CREB recruitment. Methylation of KIX by coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1 (CARM1) blocks CREB activation by disabling the interaction between KIX and the kinase inducible domain (KID) of CREB. Thus, CARM1 functions as a corepressor in cyclic adenosine monophosphate signaling pathway via its methyltransferase activity while acting as a coactivator for nuclear hormones. These results provide strong in vivo and in vitro evidence that histone methylation plays a key role in hormone-induced gene activation and define cofactor methylation as a new regulatory mechanism in hormone signaling.
Carrier scattering induced linewidth broadening in in situ P-doped Ge layers on Si (2018)

Highly P doped Ge layers are proposed as a material to realize an on-chip laser for optical interconnect applications. In this work, we demonstrate that these donor impurities have a dramatic impact on the excess carrier lifetime and introduce detrimental many-body effects such as linewidth broadening in the gain medium. Linewidth broadening Γopt = 10 meV for undoped Ge and Γopt ≥ 45 meV for Ge with a doping level up to 5.4 × 1019 cm−3 were extracted using photoluminescence spectroscopy and pump-probe spectroscopy. In addition, we observed that the excess carrier lifetime (τc) drops by more than an order of magnitude from 3 ns in undoped Ge to &amp;lt;0.3 ns in doped Ge.
A Genetic Association Study of Heart Failure: More Evidence for the Role of BAG3 in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy (2020)

Our findings provide independent replication for the association between a common coding variant (rs2234962) in BAG3 and the risk of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Practical considerations of retroreflector choice in modulating retroreflector systems (2005)

Optical modulating retroreflectors (MRRs) were demonstrated before the invention of the laser, but were restricted to short distances and low data rates. Recent advances in optoelectronic devices and free space optics have greatly increased the capabilities of MRR systems. Several modulator technologies have been used in MRR systems and compared elsewhere. In this discussion, practical considerations of the two types of bulk optic retroreflectors used in km-range MRRs were compared: corner cube retroreflectors and cat's eye retroreflectors. Examples of MRR systems using each type are given.
A Review of Resolution Losses for AR/VR Foveated Imaging Applications (2018)

Foveated imaging is of great interest for Augmented and Virtual Reality applications. The resolution losses off-axis simulated in foveated imaging are modelled using cone density on the retina. This article reviews the other factors limiting the resolution off-axis in AR/VR, in particular the impact of the eye lens. Several off-axis resolution simulations are proposed and compared in order to provide some theoretical compression ratios for 4K and 8K display systems. A model taking into account both the cone density across the retina and the optical performance of the eye lens is proposed and evaluated. The variability and challenges of modelling the human eye resolution losses are also discussed in particular in the case of age-dependence.
Liquid to Hexatic to Crystalline Order in Langmuir-Blodgett Films (1995)

Atomic force microscope images of zinc arachidate (ZnA2) Langmuir-Blodgett films show that three- and five-layer films are "hexatic," with long-range bond-orientational order and short-range positional correlations of three to five lattice repeats. The monolayer in contact with the substrate is disordered. Films of seven or more layers of ZnA2 are crystalline. A population of dislocations, most likely originating at the substrate, disrupts the positional but not the orientational order of the lattice, leading to hexatic layers intermediate between crystal and liquid. The influence of the substrate propagates farther into ZnA2 films than into cadmium arachidate films because the molecular cohesion is much weaker in ZnA2 than in cadmium arachidate, as evidenced by a less dense molecular packing.
An Impaired Natriuretic Peptide Hormone System May Play a Role in COVID-19 Severity in Vulnerable Populations (2020)

Advanced age, underlying cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), and obesity are associated with a higher risk of progression to severe hypoxemia, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and death in COVID-19-infected patients. African Americans have a higher degree of COVID-19 mortality. The incidence of salt-sensitive hypertension is higher in older individuals and African Americans. Lower circulating levels of natriuretic peptides, key regulators of vascular tone and kidney function, have been associated with salt-sensitive hypertension and obesity. Evidence has accumulated that ANP administered to pulmonary endothelial cells, isolated lungs, and patients suffering from ARDS reduces endothelial damage and preserves the endothelial barrier, thereby reducing pulmonary edema and inflammation. Epidemiologic and pharmacologic data suggest that deficiencies in the natriuretic peptide hormone system may contribute to the development of severe lung pathology in COVID-19 patients, and treatments that augment natriuretic peptide signaling may have potential to limit progression to ARDS.
Biomechanical investigation of a novel ratcheting arthrodesis nail (2010)

With significantly increase of compressive load while decreasing stress-shielding at 6-mm of dynamic displacement, the ratcheting mechanism in IM nails may clinically improve rates of fusion.
Tumoral Distribution of Long-circulating Dextran-coated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles in a Rodent Model (2000)

Tumoral LCDIO accumulation was not negligible and helped explain MR imaging signal intensity changes observed in clinical trials. Microscopically, LCDIO accumulated predominantly in tumor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Uptake into tumor cells appeared to be directly proportional to cellular proliferation rates.
Predicting Tumor Outcome following Cancer Vaccination by Monitoring Quantitative and Qualitative CD8+ T Cell Parameters (2006)

Identification of reliable surrogate predictors for evaluation of cancer vaccine efficacy is a critical issue in immunotherapy. We analyzed quantitative and qualitative CD8+ T cell parameters in a large pool of BALB/c mice that were DNA-vaccinated against P1A self tumor-specific Ag. After immunization, mice were splenectomized and kept alive for a subsequent tumor challenge to correlate results of immune monitoring assays with tumor regression or progression in each individual animal, and to assess the prognostic value of the assays. The parameters tested were 1) percentage of in vivo vaccine-induced tumor-specific CD8+ T cells; 2) results of ELISPOT tests from fresh splenocytes; 3) percentage of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells in culture after in vitro restimulation; 4) in vitro increase of tumor-specific CD8+ T cell population expressed as fold of expansion; and 5) antitumor lytic activity of restimulated cultures. Except for the ELISPOT assay, each parameter tested was shown by univariate statistical analysis to correlate with tumor regression. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only in vitro percentage of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells was an independent prognostic factor that predicted tumor outcome. These findings should be considered in the design of new immune monitoring systems used in cancer immunotherapy studies.
Double-wavelength metasurface objective lens for two-photon microscopy (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Two-photon microscopy is a key imaging technique in biological sciences because of its superior deep tissue imaging capabilities in addition to high transverse and axial resolution. In recent years, development of low-weight miniature two-photon microscopes has been of great interest for in vivo imaging of brain activity. Limited by these mechanical constraints, most of the developed miniature two-photon microscopes utilize graded index objective lenses that usually have inferior optical characteristics compared to conventional refractive objective lenses. Dielectric metasurfaces, a recent category of diffractive optical elements with enhanced capabilities, have proven versatile in various applications ranging from lensing to holography and polarization control. Their ultrathin form factor and potentially extremely low-weight make them very attractive for applications with stringent size and weight constraints. However, despite their success in various types of microscopy and imaging applications, they have not been previously utilized for multi-photon fluorescence microscopy. The main barrier for using metasurface lenses in multi-photon microscopy arises from their large chromatic dispersion that effectively makes them single-wavelength. Here we will present a double-wavelength metasurface lens especially designed to have the same focal length at 820 and 605 nm, corresponding to the excitation and emission wavelengths of a certain fluorophore. After characterizing the poly-silicon metasurface lens at both wavelengths, we used it in a two-photon microscopy setup and demonstrated its capability to capture two-photon images qualitatively similar to images taken with a conventional objective lens. We will also discuss the effects of chromatic dispersion of the metasurface lens on its two-photon imaging performance.
O,O′-Di(2-pyridyl) Thiocarbonate as an Efficient Reagent for the Preparation of Carboxylic Esters from Highly Hindered Alcohols (1998)

Abstract Various carboxylic esters were obtained in high yields from free carboxylic acids and several alcohols including bulky ones by using O,O′-di(2-pyridyl) thiocarbonate and a catalytic amount of DMAP.
VLSI scaling trends and challenges (2002)

This article discusses trends in VLSI technology evolution. It concentrates on challenges to VLSI scaling, including transistor scaling, interconnect scaling, leakage currents and silicon-on-insulator technology. It concludes that we still have not found a fundamental barrier to extending Moore's law and that the major challenge to scaling in the future will be power and efficiency.
Development of computational fluid dynamics methodology for characterization of exhalation delivery system performance in a nasal airway with Draf-III surgery (2022)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been used to investigate the intranasal deposition of corticosteroid sprays. CFD Lagrangian tracking models terminate particle motion once particles come into contact with a surface (“trap” boundary condition) and disregard the liquid film buildup on the mucosal surfaces of the sinonasal cavity walls. However, the interaction between spray droplets and the mucosal surface is critical for corticosteroid delivery using the exhalation delivery system (EDS) nasal spray device. Droplets coalesce on sinonasal walls, forming a thin “wall-film” on which droplets spread along the surface, splash, and/or break into secondary particles, depending on impact energy. To advance nasal drug delivery modeling, three CFD models of fluticasone propionate deposition using the EDS device in a Draf III post-surgical geometry were developed: (1) using traditional “trap” boundary conditions; (2) using “wall-film” boundary conditions and one-way coupling; and (3) using “wall-film” boundary conditions with two-way coupling (to account for the high-mass loading in the near-nozzle spray field). Contour plots and data sets for each CFD model were qualitatively compared with physical models in the same geometry (visualized in a 3D-printed sinonasal cast). The CFD simulations showed that EDS delivers fluticasone to all sinonasal regions, including areas superiorly and posteriorly in the sinonasal cavity. In addition, deposition improved and more closely correlated with physical experiments as the CFD model complexity evolved. “Wall-film” modeling of EDS delivery demonstrated increased surface coverage compared to the “trap” model. The “wall-film/two-way coupling” model demonstrated substantially higher deposition in the remote frontal and maxillary sinuses, agreeing with physical cast experiments. In conclusion, CFD simulation of EDS delivery using the “wall-film” boundary/two-way coupling model appears to most accurately represent observations from physical model experiments in the same geometry.
Nonlinear exceptional-point lasing with ab initio Maxwell–Bloch theory (2022)

We present a general analysis for finding and characterizing nonlinear exceptional point (EP) lasers above threshold using steady-state ab initio Maxwell–Bloch equations. For a system of coupled slabs, we show that a nonlinear EP is obtained for a given ratio between the external pumps in each resonator and that it is associated with a kink in the output power and lasing frequency, confirming coupled-mode theory predictions. Through numerical linear stability analysis, we confirm that the EP laser can be stable for a large enough inversion relaxation rate. We further show that the EP laser can be characterized by scattering a weak signal off the lasing cavity so that the scattering frequency spectrum exhibits a quartic divergence. Our approach can be applied to arbitrary scatterers with multi-level gain media.
In vivo fluorescence of medullary carcinoma of the thyroid: a technology with potential to improve visualization of malignant tissue at surgical resection. (2008)

Medullary carcinoma of the thyroid requires aggressive treatment because of its potential to metastasize and because of the current limitations of preoperative localization and systemic therapy. If these tumors could be made to fluoresce in vivo with tagged fluorophore antibodies against tumor antigens, surgeons would be able to obtain additional information in the operating room to facilitate a more complete resection. Based on the success of our previous work in breast and colon cancer models, we conducted an animal study of in vivo tumor fluorescence of a human medullary thyroid cell line in which bright tumor fluorescence is visible during dissection. To accomplish this, we used an inexpensive and commercially available handheld, blue (470 nm), light-emitting diode flashlight and filtered goggles (520 nm). This procedure, which we call the fluorescent antibody-assisted surgical technique (FAAST), is easy to perform, requires no complex or expensive technical equipment, and has the potential to be applied to a wide variety of tumors. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first experiment of its kind to be reported in the literature.
Investigation of coded source neutron imaging at the north carolina state university PULSTAR reactor (2009)

A neutron imaging facility is located on beam-tube #5 of the 1-MWth PULSTAR reactor at the North Carolina State University. An investigation has been initiated to explore the application of coded imaging techniques at the facility. Coded imaging uses a mosaic of pinholes to encode an aperture, thus generating an encoded image of the object at the detector. To reconstruct the image recorded by the detector, corresponding decoding patterns are used. The optimized design of coded masks is critical for the performance of this technique and will depend on the characteristics of the imaging beam. In this work, Monte Carlo (MCNP) simulations were utilized to explore the needed modifications to the PULSTAR thermal neutron beam to support coded imaging techniques. In addition, an assessment of coded mask design has been performed. The simulations indicated that a 12 inch single crystal sapphire filter is suited for such an application at the PULSTAR beam in terms of maximizing flux with good neutron-to-gamma ratio. Computational simulations demonstrate the feasibility of correlation reconstruction methods on neutron transmission imaging. A gadolinium aperture with thickness of 500 ¿m was used to construct the mask using a 38 × 34 URA pattern. A test experiment using such a URA design has been conducted and the point spread function of the system has been measured.
Precoder Design Algorithm for Hybrid MIMO System with Discrete Phase Shifters and D/A Converters (2018)

In this paper, a precoder design algorithm using Gibbs sampling for hybrid multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems is proposed. The hybrid MIMO systems are expected to be implemented in high frequency bands. To reduce power consumption and increase the bandwidth of a transmit signal, the number of phase shifters and the number of quatntization levels in digital-analog (D/A) converters have to be limited. A baseband precoder needs to take the effect of quantization into account. Owing to the quantization, it is difficult for a conventional precoder design algorithm with orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) to reach the optimal solution. On the other hand, the proposed precoder design algorithm using Gibbs sampling is robust to quantization errors. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the proposed algorithm achieves spectral efficiency of 50 bit/s/Hz at a signal-to-noise ration of 20 dB for a quantization level of 24 on an independent Rayleigh fading channel.
Permutation-Based Signature Generation for Spread-Spectrum Video Watermarking (2018)

Generation of secure signatures suitable for spread-spectrum video watermarking is proposed. The method embeds a message, which is a two-dimensional binary pattern, into a three-dimensional volume, such as video, by addition of a signature. The message can be a mark or a logo indicating the copyright information. The signature is generated by shuffling or permuting random matrices along the third or time axis so that the message is extracted when they are accumulated after demodulation by the correct key. In this way, a message is hidden in the signature having equal probability of decoding any variation of the message, where the key is used to determine which one to extract. Security of the proposed method, stemming from the permutation, is evaluated as resistance to blind estimation of secret information. The matrix-based permutation allows the message to survive the spatial down-sampling without sacrificing the security. The downside of the proposed method is that it needs more data or frames to decode a reliable information compared to the conventional spread-spectrum modulation. However this is minimized by segmenting the matrices and applying permutation to sub-matrices independently. Message detectability is theoretically analyzed. Superiority of our method in terms of robustness to blind message estimation and down-sampling is verified experimentally.
High-pressure multimode resonator system for high microwave frequencies up to 215 GHz (1984)

A high-pressure (P&amp;lt;3.6 kbar) multimode resonator system suitable for low-temperature (4.2 K) microwave measurements over a wide range of frequencies (21–215 GHz) is described. A simple reflection spectrometer is used for low frequencies (&amp;lt;50 GHz). At higher frequencies, an unusual transmission resonator scheme is used which requires only one microwave window.
Controlling phase formation in solids: rational synthesis of phase separated Co@Fe2O3 heteroparticles and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles (2011)

A wet chemical approach from organometallic reactants allowed the targeted synthesis of Co@Fe(2)O(3) heterodimer and CoFe(2)O(4) ferrite nanoparticles. They display magnetic properties that are useful for magnetic MRI detection.