gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ginsenoside Rg1 Nanophytosome synthesis and their characterization: An initiative towards the treatment of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2021)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a devastating neurodegenerative disease that affects the brain and spinal cord of healthy adults. The disease progresses rapidly and is fatal, leaving patients paralyzed and unable to breathe. The cause of the disease and its progression remains poorly understood. Currently, there are no known cure or effective treatment available for ALS. But with the advances in medicine and technology, there has been a huge rise in data produced. The present study is focused on synthesis and characterization of Nanophytosomes (NP) to improve the bioavailability and efficacy of Ginsenoside Rg1 compound. The nanoparticles were visualized by SEM and analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy for the type of interactions holding the components together in the NP. The size of the NP was in the range of 180 to 195nm. A comparative antimicrobial assay against strains of E.coli for NP and Ginsenoside Rg1 showed positive results for NP with increasing CFUs of E.coli while Ginsenoside Rg1 showed results only at lower CFUs of the Bacteria. Dispersion studies suggested that the NP had a maximum release rate of the drug at about 4 hours. This suggests the stability and sustained release property of the NP as compared to Ginsenoside Rgl which acts immediately on the target. Antioxidant's property of the NP was compared with Ginsenoside Rg1 by testing scavenging potential through assays such as SOD, NO and DPPH. The antioxidant activity was concentration dependent and the anti-oxidative properties of NP was found in the close range with that of Ginsenoside Rg1 compound. NP could possess antioxidative properties which could last longer than the compound alone when compared. The current technology thus could be a boon to the treatment of chronic diseases like ALS, Parkinson's Disease, AD as it improves the bioavailability and efficacy of the drug it encapsulates.
Accurate Vegetation Models with Low Computational Complexity for Ray Tracing (2023)

The frequency bands for communication standards are continuously increasing, as it can be seen from fifth generation (5G) and beyond 5G communications. This is done, to increase the capabilities of communication systems and enable new technologies, e.g. autonomous driving and wireless sensor networks. Therefore, reliable channel characterization methods, such as ray tracing, are needed to implement and guarantee the functionality of these new technologies. The effects of vegetation on ray tracing simulations are often times dismissed, due to their modeling challenges and high resulting computational overhead for simulations, as well as their generally small influence on the communication channel. However, with increasing frequencies for 5G, these effects cannot be dismissed anymore. So despite the modeling challenges, vegetation effects have to be included in ray tracing simulations for an accurate channel characterization. This paper aims to create a vegetation model with low computational complexity for ray tracing simulations, while depicting the effects of real vegetation as close as possible. It is shown, that even simple approaches to model vegetation with low computational overhead are often times sufficient to capture significant effects on the communication channel.
Synthesis, Molecular Structure and DFT Study of [(dpp‐bian)GaM(Et2O)3] (M=Li, Na; dpp‐bian=1,2‐bis[(2,6‐diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) (2008)

Bonding direct! The compounds [(dpp-bian)GaM(Et2O)3] (M=Li, and Na; dpp-bian=1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) featuring direct metal–gallium bonds, have been prepared by the reduction of [(dpp-bian)GaGa(dpp-bian)] with two equivalents of Li or Na, respectively. The calculated GaLi distance of 2.726 Å for the Li complex is in good agreement with the crystal data (structure shown here).
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolites and Molecular Sieves (Characterization as Catalysts) (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Akutní emfyzematózní pyelonefritida (2006)

Akutni emfyzematozni pyelonefritida je vzacne ale zavažne a život ohrožujici onemocněni, charakterizovane hnisavým zanětem ledviny s tvorbou plynu v renalni a perirenalni tkani. Přinasime kratký přehled o tomto onemocněni a kazuistiky dvou nasich nemocných.
Replacement solvents for use in chemical synthesis (2023)

Replacement solvents for use in chemical synthesis include polymer-immobilized solvents having a flexible polymer backbone and a plurality of pendant groups attached onto the polymer backbone, the pendant groups comprising a flexible linking unit bound to the polymer backbone and to a terminal solvating moiety. The polymer-immobilized solvent may be dissolved in a benign medium. Replacement solvents for chemical reactions for which tetrahydrofuran or diethyl may be a solvent include substituted tetrahydrofurfuryl ethers and substituted tetrahydro-3-furan ethers. The replacement solvents may be readily recovered from the reaction train using conventional methods.
MODELING GLUTAMATERGIC SYNAPSES: INSIGHTS INTO MECHANISMS REGULATING SYNAPTIC EFFICACY (2008)

The hippocampal formation is critically involved for the long-term storage of various forms of information, and it is widely believed that the phenomenon of long-term potentiation (LTP) of synaptic transmission is a molecular/cellular mechanism participating in memory formation. Although several high level models of hippocampal function have been developed, they do not incorporate detailed molecular information of the type necessary to understand the contribution of individual molecular events to the mechanisms underlying LTP and learning and memory. We are therefore developing new technological tools based on mathematical modeling and computer simulation of the molecular processes taking place in realistic biological networks to reach such an understanding. This article briefly summarizes the approach we are using and illustrates it by presenting data regarding the effects of changing the number of AMPA receptors on various features of glutamatergic transmission, including NMDA receptor-mediated responses and paired-pulse facilitation. We conclude by discussing the significance of these results and providing some ideas for future directions with this approach.
MP56-10 RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE PERFORMANCE OF MIPS IN PATIENTS HAVING HAD MULTI-PARAMETRIC MRI (2020)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Current prostate cancer detection methods are limited by their ability to predict disease progression, hence; new biomarker tests are of clinical utility. Tools to enhance clinical decision-making for patients with elevated PSA are limited. Multi-parametric MRI (mpMRI) has become a mainstay in diagnostic clinical decision making. This study investigates the efficacy of a urine biomarker in conjunction with mpMRI. Urine provides an excellent source to non-invasively detect biomarkers. We have developed a urine detection assay, quantitating the RNA-expression levels of the T2-ERG fusion and the lncRNA PCA3 in post-DRE urine samples. This test has potential to significantly enhance prognostication of patient outcomes for those with elevated PSA (particularly for identifying Gleason 7+ disease). We developed a large retrospective cohort of post-DRE urine collected from 743 patients at time of fusion guided prostate biopsy at the University of Michigan. MiPS was run on all samples and the diagnostic performance of MiPS in conjunction with mpMRI was assessed. METHODS: Urine was collected at time of biopsy for 511 undergoing MRI-guided fusion biopsy. Levels of urine PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG fusion were retrospectively quantitated in these urine samples. The MiPS risk score was calculated using a logistic regression model including urine PCA3, urine TMPRSS2:ERG, and serum PSA. Performance of MiPS in this population was assessed. RESULTS: MiPS shows improved diagnostic potential when paired with multi-parametric MRI. MiPS exhibited ability to further risk stratify patients following MRI and classification of PIRADS score, differentiating samples from patients who were found to have Gleason 7+ lesions on biopsy versus those with Gleason 6 or negative biopsy. The MiPS score was significantly elevated in high-grade samples with PIRADS 4 and PIRADS 5 lesions identified on MRI. A striking separation of the high-grade population was observed for samples with PIRADS 2 and PIRADS 3 lesions, with 50% of the high-grade tumors identified with almost no false negatives CONCLUSIONS: The strong negative predictive value of MiPS suggests clinical utility in enhancing decision to perform MRI or biopsy in patients with elevated PSA. Additionally, MiPS has the potential to provide substantial clinical insight in risk stratifying patients with PIRADS <4 lesions. Overall this test is capable of preventing many unnecessary biopsies, which benefits both patient morbidity and clinical cost. Source of Funding: Prostate Cancer Foundation, NIH, University of Michigan Precision Health
Discovery of Novel Thiophene-Based, Thumb Pocket 2 Allosteric Inhibitors of the Hepatitis C NS5B Polymerase with Improved Potency and Physicochemical Profiles (2016)

The hepatitis C viral proteins NS3/4A protease, NS5B polymerase, and NS5A are clinically validated targets for direct-acting antiviral therapies. The NS5B polymerase may be inhibited directly through the action of nucleosides or nucleotide analogues or allosterically at a number of well-defined sites. Herein we describe the further development of a series of thiophene carboxylate allosteric inhibitors of NS5B polymerase that act at the thumb pocket 2 site. Lomibuvir (1) is an allosteric HCV NS5B inhibitor that has demonstrated excellent antiviral activity and potential clinical utility in combination with other direct acting antiviral agents. Efforts to further explore and develop this series led to compound 23, a compound with comparable potency and improved physicochemical properties.
Synthesis of A-B-A Type Block Copolymer of Methyl Methacrylate and Styrene by Living Free-Radical Polymerization† (1994)

Abstract A newly synthesized iniferter, N,N′-dimethyl-N,N′-bis(phenethyl)-thiuram disulfide, has been used in the free-radical living polymerization of styrene by a photochemical method. The low molecular weight (M w = 6000) difunctionalized polystyrene was used as a macroiniferter to photopolymerize methyl methacrylate, and was fractionated to obtain an A-B-A type block copolymer containing two poly(methyl methacrylate) units and one polystyrene unit in each block. The glass transition temperature, thermal stability, and 13C NMR of the block copolymer are discussed.
Characterization of the Indoor Multiantenna Body-to-Body Radio Channel (2009)

In this paper, we investigate the wideband body-to-body radio channel with multiple antennas at both ends based on a time-domain radio channel measurement campaign. Four single-element transmitters and eight quad-element receivers were mounted on three test people. Both directional and omnidirectional antennas have been investigated. A comparison between electromagnetic antenna simulations and the measurements shows that the multipath environment reduces the body losses effectively. Channel characterizations in terms of path loss, body shadowing, small-scale fading, and spatial correlation have been derived. Small path-loss exponents (< 2.0) are observed in the investigated environments. Considerable power loss due to body blockage makes the body shadowing a prominent factor in the short-range body-to-body communications. Distributed antenna selection diversity is presented to mitigate the body shadowing. A 5-dB diversity gain in the average received power at the mean and 10% outage levels have been identified based on the measurements with two distributed antennas mounted on the transmitter and receiver person and without channel-state information feedback to the transmitter.
The Upgrading of Bio-Oil from the Intermediate Pyrolysis of Waste Biomass Using Steel Slag as a Catalyst (2020)

Catalytic pyrolysis is a complex system where the selection of an efficient, cheap, abundant, and stable catalyst is vital to upgrade pyrolysis products to biofuels. Steel slag (SS) can be considered as an inexpensive catalyst, making it a very economical option. SS has a high content of calcium, iron, and magnesium, making this solid compound catalytically active. This study investigated the utilization of SS as a sacrificial catalyst in pyrolysis experiments using a thermocatalytic reforming (TCR) process to produce an upgraded bio-oil and syngas. In the first part of this work, SS was mixed with sugarcane bagasse (SB) and oat hulls (OH) biochar (in different trials) in the postreformer at different ratios (0, 30, 70, and 100 wt % of SS). In the second part, SS (powder) was pelletized directly with raw OH at different ratios (0, 10, 20, and 30 wt % of SS in the feed composition) and introduced into a pyrolysis reactor. The introduction of SS into SB in the reformer improved the higher heating value (HHV) from 29.1 MJ/kg (0 wt % of SS) to 35.5 MJ/kg (100 wt % of SS). Introducing 30 wt % of SS into OH in the feed showed a higher calorific value and lower acidity, viscosity, and density in comparison with using SS with different ratios in the reformer. The use of SS as a catalyst was found to significantly improve the quality and the properties of bio-oil and syngas, revealing an innovative pathway for its use as an inexpensive sacrificial catalyst for biofuel production via the TCR process.
Nanostructured Polymeric Materials with Protein-Repellent and Anti-Caries Properties for Dental Applications (2018)

Dental caries is prevalent worldwide. Tooth cavity restorations cost more than $46 billion annually in the United States alone. The current generation of esthetic polymeric restorations have unsatisfactory failure rates. Replacing the failed restorations accounts for 50⁻70% of all the restorations. This article reviewed developments in producing a new generation of bioactive and therapeutic restorations. This includes: Protein-repellent and anti-caries polymeric dental composites, especially the use of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) and dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM); protein-repellent adhesives to greatly reduce biofilm acids; bioactive cements to inhibit tooth lesions; combining protein-repellency with antibacterial nanoparticles of silver; tooth surface coatings containing calcium phosphate nanoparticles for remineralization; therapeutic restorations to suppress periodontal pathogens; and long-term durability of bioactive and therapeutic dental polymers. MPC was chosen due to its strong ability to repel proteins. DMAHDM was selected because it had the most potent antibacterial activity when compared to a series of antibacterial monomers. The new generation of materials possessed potent antibacterial functions against cariogenic and periodontal pathogens, and reduced biofilm colony-forming units by up to 4 logs, provided calcium phosphate ions for remineralization and strengthening of tooth structures, and raised biofilm pH from a cariogenic pH 4.5 to a safe pH 6.5. The new materials achieved a long-term durability that was significantly beyond current commercial control materials. This new generation of bioactive and nanostructured polymers is promising for wide applications to provide therapeutic healing effects and greater longevity for dental restorations.
Computational Assessment of Gaseous Reacting Flows in Single Element Injector (2009)

The injector flow is challenging to predict due to the complex physics involving recirculation, turbulence, mixing between multiple species and chemical reactions. This work is aimed at assessing the capability of a RANS-based computational modeling tool for gaseous injector flows. Both combustion effectiveness and chamber wall heat transfer profiles are examined to shed light on issues most pertinent to injector design. Two injector flow experiments by different researchers have been adopted to facilitate a direct comparison of the wall heat transfer data. For mixing-dominated cases studied in these experiments, without detailed account for turbulence-chemistry interactions, particular choice of the chemical kinetics scheme is shown to be of minor importance. The near wall treatment of the turbulence model can noticeably impact the outcome of the simulation. While the results reported by various researchers for the same experiment vary noticeably, it seems that refinements of turbulence-chemistry interactions and the near wall treatment are needed. Copyright © 2009 by Emre Sozer.
Impact of System Design Parameters on Image Figures of Merit for a Mouse PET Scanner (2004)

In this study, an analytical simulation model was developed to investigate how system design parameters affect image figures of merit and task performance for small animal positron emission tomography (PET) scanners designed to image mice. For a very high resolution imaging system, important physical effects that may impact image quality are positron range, annihilation photon acollinearity, detector point-spread function (PSF) and coincident photon count levels (i.e., statistical noise). Modeling of these effects was included in an analytical simulation that generated multiple realizations of sinograms with varying levels of each effect. To evaluate image quality with respect to quantitation and detection task performance, four different figures of merit were measured: 1) root mean square error (RMSE); 2) a region of interest SNR (SNR/sub ROI/); 3) nonprewhitening matched filter SNR (SNR/sub NPW/); and 4) recovery coefficient. The results indicate that for very high resolution imaging systems, the increase in positron range of C-11 compared to F-18 radiolabeling causes a significant reduction of quantitation (SNR/sub ROI/) and detection (SNR/sub NPW/) accuracy for small regions. In addition, changing the shape of the detector PSF, which depends on crystal thickness, causes significant variations in quantitation and detection performance. However, while increasing noise levels significantly increase RMSE and decrease detectability (SNR/sub NPW/), the quantitation task performance (SNR/sub ROI/), is less sensitive to noise levels. These results imply that resolution is more important than sensitivity for quantitation task performance, while sensitivity is a more significant issue for detection. The analytical simulation model can be used for estimating task performance of small animal PET systems more rapidly than existing full Monte Carlo methods, although Monte Carlo methods are needed to estimate system parameters.
The embedded triangles algorithm for distributed estimation in sensor networks (2004)

We propose a new iterative distributed estimation algorithm for Gaussian hidden Markov graphical models with loops. We decompose a loopy graph into a number of linked embedded triangles and then apply a parallel block-Jacobi iteration comprising local linear minimum mean-square-error estimation on each triangle (involving a simple 3x3 matrix inverse computation) followed by an information exchange between neighboring nodes and triangles. A simulation study demonstrates that the algorithm converges extremely rapidly, outperforming a number of existing algorithms. Embedded triangles are simple, local, scalable, fault-tolerant, and energy-efficient, and thus ideally suited for wireless sensor networks.
Design of SMS commanded-and-controlled and P2P-structured mobile botnets (2012)

Botnets are one of the most serious security threats to the Internet and personal computer (PC) users. Although botnets have not yet caused major outbreaks in the mobile world, with the rapidly-growing popularity of smartphones such as Apple's iPhone and Android-based phones that store more personal data and gain more capabilities than earlier generation handsets, botnets are expected to become a severe threat to smartphones soon. In this paper, we propose the design of a mobile botnet that makes the most of mobile services and is resilient to disruption. The mobile botnet utilizes SMS messages for C&C and a P2P structure as its topology. Our simulation results demonstrate that a modified Kademlia---a structured architecture---is a better choice for the mobile botnet's topology. In addition, we discuss potential countermeasures to defend against this mobile botnet threat.
An interactive support tool to convey the intended message in asynchronous presentations (2009)

In this paper we introduce an interactive wall-mounted display tool that supports conveying the intended message or ideas in asynchronous presentations. The tool allows to easily record presentations while capturing the richness of the presenter's individual presentation skills and style. The tool records the presentation and organizes it into three information layers (i.e. gesture, sound and visuals), which are first used to segment the presentation into meaningful parts, and later to control the playback of audiovisual presentations. Once recorded, the presentation can be played back, explored and commented using a flexible and intuitive interaction based on hand movements and body position (i.e. proximity). We focus our work on a case study where designers present their mood boards (i.e. collages) to their clients. Evaluations with professional designers show that they are able to use the tool with no prior training, see a practical use of the proposed tool in their design studios, and see gesture trails as a creative tool for expression and aesthetics.
A Scalable, Distributed Monitoring Framework for HPC Clusters Using Redfish-Nagios Integration (2023)

Abstract Current monitoring tools for high-performance computing (HPC) systems are often inefficient in terms of scalability and interfacing with modern data center management APIs. This inefficiency leads to a lack of effective management of the infrastructure of modern data centers. Nagios is one of the widely used industry-standard tools for data center infrastructure monitoring, which mainly includes monitoring of nodes and associated hardware and software components. However, current Nagios monitoring has special requirements that introduce several limitations. First, significant human effort is needed for the configuration of monitored nodes in the Nagios server. Second, the Nagios Remote Plugin Executor and the Nagios Service Check Acceptor are required on the Nagios server and each monitored node for active and passive monitoring, respectively. Third, Nagios monitoring also requires monitoring-specific agents on each monitored node. These shortcomings are inherently due to Nagios’ in-band implementation nature. To overcome these limitations, we introduced Redfish-Nagios, a scalable out-of-band monitoring tool for modern HPC systems. It integrates the Nagios server with the out-of-band Distributed Management Task Force’s Redfish telemetry model, which is implemented in the baseboard management controller of the nodes. This integration eliminates the requirements of any agent, plugin, hardware component, or configuration on the monitored nodes. It is potentially a paradigm shift in Nagios-based monitoring for two reasons. First, it simplifies communication between the Nagios server and monitored nodes. Second, it saves computational costs by removing the requirements of running complex Nagios-native protocols and agents on the monitored nodes. The Redfish-Nagios integration methodology enables the monitoring of next-generation HPC systems using the scalable and modern Redfish telemetry model and interface.