gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Khuff Gas Condensate Development (2005)

Summary This paper addresses some key reservoir and production issues related to gas and condensate recovery from Khuff reservoirs in the Middle East – namely Ghawar Khuff, North Field and South Pars. These fields represent somewhere between 1,000 and 2,000 Tcf initial gas in place, with 30 to 70 billion barrels of condensate in place. We apply engineering methods and reservoir simulation to quantify the expected performance of Khuff gas condensate fields for a realistic range of geologic description, petrophysical and fluid properties, and production facilities based on published information. We review key data for reservoir and production design, summarizing the impact of geologic zonation, areal and vertical communication, mean permeability and its variation, relative permeability, water encroachment, and fluid composition on field performance. Because most commercial development projects involving gas sales export are based on delivery contract quotas (DCQs) of 1–1.5 bcf/D for up to 25 years, well-average plateau length and rate-time is used as a primary measure of performance. We try to describe the interplay of reservoir and production-facilities performance on overall design of field deliverability and total well requirements. Other production issues not considered in our work but with significant impact on Khuff development strategy include gathering system design, rate metering, platform vs. onshore processing, and single-phase vs two-phase pipeline flow. Economics are not considered in our evaluation. We estimate deliverability impairment from condensate blockage using relative permeability models that reflect the impact of velocity (capillary number improvement and inertial effect). The velocity effect is particularly important in Khuff wells because of the high-k, low-h layers with unusually-high flow velocities and convergent flow. Layer vertical and areal connectivity can have a profound effect on water encroachment. When sufficient lateral continuity exists, even small aquifers can result in rapid water encroachment through thin, high-permeability zones. This has been studied and is shown to have a lesser effect in Khuff reservoirs.
Efficient Statistical Separation of Primary Dark Counts and Afterpulses in Free-Running SPADs (2020)

We describe a binning-free method to quantify primary dark counts and after pulses in free-running SPADs, requiring fewer samples than histogramming. This technique can enhance TCSPCs such as ToF LiDARs and fluorescence lifetime instruments.
Lipid droplet degradation by autophagy connects mitochondria metabolism to Prox1-driven expression of lymphatic genes and lymphangiogenesis (2022)

Autophagy has vasculoprotective roles, but whether and how it regulates lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC) homeostasis and lymphangiogenesis is unknown. Here, we show that genetic deficiency of autophagy in LEC impairs responses to VEGF-C and injury-driven corneal lymphangiogenesis. Autophagy loss in LEC compromises the expression of main effectors of LEC identity, like VEGFR3, affects mitochondrial dynamics and causes an accumulation of lipid droplets (LDs) in vitro and in vivo. When lipophagy is impaired, mitochondrial ATP production, fatty acid oxidation, acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio and expression of lymphangiogenic PROX1 target genes are dwindled. Enforcing mitochondria fusion by silencing dynamin-related-protein 1 (DRP1) in autophagy-deficient LEC fails to restore LDs turnover and lymphatic gene expression, whereas supplementing the fatty acid precursor acetate rescues VEGFR3 levels and signaling, and lymphangiogenesis in LEC-Atg5<sup>-/-</sup> mice. Our findings reveal that lipophagy in LEC by supporting FAO, preserves a mitochondrial-PROX1 gene expression circuit that safeguards LEC responsiveness to lymphangiogenic mediators and lymphangiogenesis.
EVALUATION OF DESIGN AND RETROFIT CONCEPTS FOR SLIP-BASE SIGN SUPPORT SYSTEMS (2001)

In response to feedback obtained from field crews, the Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) routinely assesses the performance of its breakaway sign support systems and identifies areas in which design improvements can result in reduced installation and maintenance costs or improved impact behavior. This project investigated several independent issues related to the performance of small sign supports. These issues include: the effect of keeper plate thickness on the impact performance of slip-base sign supports, an evaluation of methods for retrofitting slip-base stubs which incorporate a lifting ramp or cone, and investigation of a bolt-down anchor design for direct attachment of small signs to concrete pavement or median islands. Tests determined that a 26-gauge keeper plate can be used in place of the standard 30-gauge keeper plate to help alleviate reported field problems with slip-base sign supports. Use of a 26-gauge keeper plate in a triangular slip-base small sign support system did not impede the breakaway performance and was determined to comply with National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 350 performance criteria. A plastic spacer ring was determined to be the most cost-effective alternative for retrofitting existing slip-base foundations to permit their use with the new TxDOT slip-base system. The plastic spacer ring provides the required separation between the slip plates to accommodate an existing lifting cone and does not impede the breakaway performance of the small sign support. Various configurations of a bolt-down base for small sign supports were tested in an attempt to achieve an anchor system that would accommodate design wind loads, be crashworthy in a vehicular collision, and have a high degree of reusability after an impact. Although the system met all NCHRP Report 350 performance criteria, further strengthening is needed to increase reusability and decrease maintenance after an impact.
3DCoB: A new design approach for Monolithic 3D Integrated circuits (2014)

3D Monolithic Integration (3DMI) technology provides very high dense vertical interconnects with low parasitics. Previous 3DMI design approaches provide either cell-on-cell or transistor-on-transistor integration. In this paper we present 3D Cell-on-Buffer (3DCoB) as a novel design approach for 3DMI. Our approach provides a fully compatible sign-off physical implementation flow with the conventional 2D tools. We implement our approach on a set of benchmark circuits using 28nm-FDSOI technology. The sign-off performance results show 35% improvement compared to the same 2D design.
Micro-Optical Platform for All-Optical Demultiplexing Switch Array (2000)

As it is free from electrical parasitics, the use of the all-optical switch array is an attractive approach for achieving very high-speed signal processing for optical communication and interconnection beyond the Gbit/s range. However, two incident beams and one outgoing beam for each switch may require a complex geometry, thus the module assembly procedure remains a serious obstacle for its realization. The present work reports the design, test fabrication, and characterization of an optical platform dedicated to all-optical demultiplexing at 1.55 µm, using asymmetric Fabry-Perot saturable absorber switches as active devices, and off-axis binary Fresnel zone lenses as the focusing optics. Two different platform configurations were fabricated by a substrate stacking technique achieving spot sizes of 13 µm and 22.5 µm at the switch plane, with reasonable overlap between the pump and signal beams. The influence of wavelength variation, fabrication tolerance and throughput are discussed.
Crystallization of the Aα subunit of protein phosphatase 2A (1996)

The A alpha subunit of human protein phosphatase 2A forms crystals in space group P2(1) with cell dimensions a = 104.0, b = 174.9, c = 168.2 A, and beta angle = 90.2 degrees. At cryogenic temperatures, the crystals diffracted to a resolution limit of approximately 3.0 A. Based on the unit cell dimensions and a calculated molecular mass of 65,277 Da, the Matthews coefficient suggests eight molecules per asymmetric unit. Two native data sets were collected to a nominal resolution of 3.0 A and merged to provide a set that is 93% complete, with Rsym of 9.9%.
Viscosity–molecular weight relationship for fractionated poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1974)

Abstract Poly(ethylene terephthalate) was separated into 12 fractions of equal size by a stepwise increase in the amount of solvent in the two‐phase liquid fractionation system of phenol‐tetrachloroethane (PTCE) (1:1) and n ‐heptane. Various molecular weight parameters of the fractions were measured by osmotic pressure and gel‐permeation chromatography. Intrinsic viscosity‐molecular weight plots were made for three different solvents at 25°C. Mark‐Houwink constants for viscosity‐average molecular weight were measured and gave values of K of 2.50, 2.37, and 2.25 × 10 −4 dl/g and values of a of 0.73 for 1:1 PTCE, 3:2 PTCE, and o ‐chlorophenol, respectively. A comparison with the literature values for this polyester was made, and application of the Mark‐Houwink equation to the determination of number‐average ( M n ) and weight‐average ( M w ) molecular weight of whole polymers is considered.
A 1-W/mm2, 140-GHz SiGe HBT Power Amplifier using Optimized Embedding Techniques (2022)

We present a design technique for high-power density with stacked devices in power amplifiers at 140-GHz. A theory of embedding networks that simultaneously match multiple stacked transistors subject to loadline constraints is demonstrated using two prototype networks. A 90-nm silicon-germanium power amplifier is presented at D-band (140 GHz) using a single stage PA and a two-stage, power-combined PA. The PAs demonstrate peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 10.8% and a power density of 990mW/mm<sup>2</sup>. To our knowledge, this is the highest D-band power density for a silicon process.
Concentration and temperature dependence on diffusivities of CO2 and N2 for poly(dimethyl, methylphenyl siloxane) (2007)

Abstract Experimental determination of solubility and diffusion coefficients of CO 2 and N 2 in poly(dimethyl, methylphenyl siloxane) (PMPS) for the pressure range 0–150 kPa and the temperature range of −10°C to 45°C is discussed. The absorption isotherms were measured by pressure decay equilibrium. Diffusion coefficients were determined by modeling the transient absorption data by Fickian diffusion. The value of solubility coefficient for CO 2 at 35°C was 1.21 ± 0.02 cm 3 CO 2 (STP)/(cm 3 polymer.atm) and it increased to 2.07 ± 0.01 cm 3 CO 2 (STP)/(cm 3 polymer.atm) at 1°C. The absorption isotherms of CO 2 obtained were linear for the pressure range 0–200 kPa and the enthalpy of sorption value was −10.82 kJ/mole for CO 2 . However, the diffusion coefficients of CO 2 changed with feed pressure. The diffusion coefficient of CO 2 in PMPS at 22°C and 128.6 kPa equilibrium pressure was 7.22 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s and thus the permeability value at these conditions was 1392 Barrers. The diffusion coefficients of CO 2 at 0°C and equilibrium pressures of 125.8 kPa and 10.5 kPa were 5.72 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s and 4.31 × 10 −6 cm 2 /s, respectively. Consequently, the CO 2 permeability in PMPS decreases by about 20% when the pressure is reduced from 125.8 to 10.5 kPa at 0°C. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
Molecular cloning of a differentiation-related mRNA in the adipogenic cell line 1246. (1992)

The 1246 cell line is a C3H mouse teratoma-derived adipogenic cell line that can proliferate and differentiate in defined medium. We have constructed a recombinant phage library containing complementary DNAs (cDNAs) prepared from mRNA of differentiated 1246 cells. This library was screened using a differential hybridization technique. We have isolated five different cDNA clones corresponding to mRNAs that are induced during adipogenesis of 1246 cells and one cDNA clone corresponding to mRNA that is decreased during adipogenesis. Among the mRNAs expressed during adipose differentiation, some are not expressed in undifferentiated cells, whereas some are expressed at very low levels under these conditions. Moreover, the level of induction during differentiation and the temporal expression of the mRNAs corresponding to these cDNAs varied. Our results indicate that one of the cDNA clones isolated, called 154, which selects a 2.2-kilobase mRNA, was induced 100-fold at a very early time during the onset of the differentiation program in 1246 cells and also in adipocyte precursors in primary culture. Direct sequencing of 154 cDNA insert revealed no homology with sequences in GenBank and PIR protein databases. The expression of 154 mRNA was stimulated by accelerators of differentiation such as dexamethasone and isobutylmethylxanthine and inhibited by tumor necrosis factor alpha, transforming growth factor beta, and epidermal growth factor, which are known inhibitors of 1246 cell differentiation. In addition, 154 mRNA level in adipocytes was down-regulated by tumor necrosis factor alpha, but not by transforming growth factor beta or epidermal growth factor. These results suggest that the increase in 154 mRNA expression is related to the onset of adipose differentiation. Further analysis of this clone should allow characterization of a novel protein induced early during the process of differentiation.
Photometric Stereo Using Constrained Bivariate Regression for General Isotropic Surfaces (2014)

This paper presents a photometric stereo method that is purely pixelwise and handles general isotropic surfaces in a stable manner. Following the recently proposed sum-of-lobes representation of the isotropic reflectance function, we constructed a constrained bivariate regression problem where the regression function is approximated by smooth, bivariate Bernstein polynomials. The unknown normal vector was separated from the unknown reflectance function by considering the inverse representation of the image formation process, and then we could accurately compute the unknown surface normals by solving a simple and efficient quadratic programming problem. Extensive evaluations that showed the state-of-the-art performance using both synthetic and real-world images were performed.
In vitro system for detecting nongenotoxic carcinogens (1993)

Chemical risk assessment has been limited by the inability of in vitro short-term assays to identify the true carcinogenic potential of many substances. Numerous methods exist for identifying mutagenic and clastogenic agents, but a practical means of identifying non-genotoxic carcinogens has remained elusive. Experiments described here suggest that some chemicals may participate in carcinogenesis by modulating the enzymatic processes of drug metabolism. The tumor promoters butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, deoxycholic acid, reserpine, trypan blue, and 12,-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate were chosen as model non-genotoxic carcinogens. The enzyme-modulating action of these chemicals was measured using a modified Ames plate incorporation assay whereby the known tumor promoters were plated with a promutagen in the presence of a mammalian metabolic activation system (S9). Each of the non-genotoxic carcinogens significantly increased the mutagenic response of metabolically activated promutagen(s). These experiments suggest that the carcinogenic role of some chemicals may be attributed to their ability to modify the biochemical pathways of drug metabolism. By enhancing or inhibiting the activity of various enzymes, some tumor promoters may create an environment that increases a cell's mutational burden, thereby contributing to neoplastic transformation.
Supplementary Figures 1-12 from CHK1 Inhibition Is Synthetically Lethal with Loss of B-Family DNA Polymerase Function in Human Lung and Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures - SF1: GI50 determinations for CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 in A549 and SW620 cells. SF2: Knockdown of POLA1, POLE or POLE2 sensitises A549 and SW620 cells to the CHK1 inhibitor MK-8776. SF3: Knockdown of CHK1 sensitises A549 cells to the DNA polymerase inhibitor aphidicolin. SF4: POLA1, POLE or POLE2 knockdown is synthetically lethal with the CHK1 inhibitor SRA737 in additional NSCLC and colorectal cancer cell lines. SF5: Western blot analysis of POLA1, POLE and POLE2 knockdown in additional NSCLC cell lines. Western blot analysis of POLA1, POLE and POLE2 knockdown in additional colorectal cancer cell lines. SF7: SRA737 and gemcitabine synergistically inhibit the proliferation of 4 NSCLC cell lines. SF8: An additive interaction between SRA737 and aphidicolin in the HBEC3-KT cell line. SF9: Effect of CHK1 or B-family DNA polymerase pharmacological inhibition alone or in combination on RPA32 phosphorylation in A549 cells. SF10: Effect of CHK1 or B-family DNA polymerase pharmacological inhibition alone or in combination on ï�§H2AX foci in A549 cells. SF 11: Correlation between POLA1, POLE and POLE2 basal protein expression in NSCLC and colorectal cancer cell lines. SF12: Lack of correlation between POLA, POLE and POLE2 basal protein expression and SRA737 or aphidicolin combination indices in NSCLC and colorectal cancer cell lines.&lt;/p&gt;
P‐176: HYPOLED ‐ High‐Performance OLED Microdisplays for Mobile Multimedia HMD and Projection Applications (2010)

Abstract The HYPOLED project, partly funded by the European Commission, started in 2008. Its goal is to develop OLED Microdisplays for Mobile Multimedia HMD and Projection Applications. This contribution describes the objectives and present specifications for devices, the personal display and micro‐ projection unit as well as intermediate results.
Editor's notice (1970)

Summary form only given, as follows. This special issue on Technology for Integrated-Circuit Design serves to emphasize the growing interest of this JOURNAL in the process technology that inexorably determines the practical capabilities and limitations of integrated circuits. In their Preface, our Guest Editor, Clarence Thornton, and Assistant Guest Editor, George Schnable, provide a most interesting perspective of the impact of technology on integrated-circuit design. In behalf of the readers of this JOURNAL, I would like to thank Clarence Thornton and George Schnable most sincerely for their successful efforts in assembling and editing this issue.
Study of the Coadsorption of an Anionic Surfactant and an Uncharged Polymer at the Aqueous Solution/Hydrophobic Surface Interface by Sum Frequency Spectroscopy (2003)

The polar orientation and degree of conformational order of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) adsorbed at the hydrophobic octadecane thiol/aqueous solution interface has been investigated as a function of the surfactant concentration in the presence and absence of a fixed concentration of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). Sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy, based on the nonlinear optical phenomenon of sum frequency generation, was employed to obtain spectra of the interfacial surfactant; weak signals from PEO at the interface were also obtained. The phase of the spectra indicated that both the surfactant and the polymer had a net orientation of their CH2 and/or CH3 groups toward the hydrophobic surface. Spectra of SDS in the presence of mixed polymer/surfactant solutions showed increasing conformational order as the surfactant concentration was raised. At the lowest surfactant concentration, the spectra of SDS were weaker in the presence of the polymer than in its absence. Probing interfacial PEO specifically through the use of per-deuterated SDS revealed that the polymer spectral intensity decreased as the surfactant concentration was increased above a threshold concentration. These findings are interpreted in terms of competitive polymer/surfactant adsorption at low SDS concentrations. In both the presence and the absence of added electrolyte, the sum frequency signal attributable to the polymer disappeared as the surfactant concentration approached the critical aggregation concentration. This finding may potentially be attributed to continued PEO desorption, to the formation of surface-bound SDS/PEO complexes, or to a combination of the two processes.
Surge-front propagation and velocities during the early-1993–95 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., from sequential SAR imagery (2003)

Abstract The initiation and propagation of the 1993–95 surge of Bering Glacier, Alaska, U.S.A., was observed using ERS-1 synthetic aperture radar(SAR) imagery. Images were acquired before and during the surge, between November 1992 and October 1993. Terrain-corrected and co-registered imagery was used to measure the propagation of the surge front. Surface undulations interpreted to be evidence of accelerated flow, indicating surge initiation in late winter, were observed in the 26 March 1993 image. From 19 May to 25 August 1993, the mean propagation velocity of the surge front was 90 m d −1 . The surge reached the terminus shortly after 25 August 1993. The central area of the calving terminus then advanced into proglacial Vitus Lake at a mean rate of 19 md −1 between 9 August and 18 October 1993. Feature matching was used to measure discrete velocity vectors between 9 August and 13 September; the vectors were kriged onto a uniform grid and used to compute the principal strain rates. Shattering of the calving front and dramatically increased iceberg calving were accompanied by high compressive strain rates immediately up-glacier from the calving front.
Elastic-Plastic Analysis of Porous Metal in terms of Anisotropic Gurson’s Yield Function (2016)

It is important to formulate a constitutive equation which represents the growth of voids during plastic deformation in order to predict ductile fracture of metallic materials. For this purpose, we proposed an anisotropic Gurson’s yield function with the damage tensor, which represents the anisotropy due to the void distribution. In this study the void distribution of porous metal ADC12 was obtained 3-dimensionally using X-ray CT method and the corresponding damage distribution was also calculated from the obtained void distribution in terms of voronoi tessellation method. Then we carried out the finite element analysis for the uniaxial tensile test of porous metal using both the anisotropic Gurson and von Mises type constitutive equations and compared the calculated results of the anisotropic Gurson model to those of usual von Mises model. It was seen that the plastic strain concentrated area of the anisotropic Gurson model is corresponds to those of von Mises model.
Electrophoresis in nanochannels: brief review and speculation. (2006)

The relevant physical phenomena that dominate electrophoretic transport of ions and macromolecules within long, thin nanochannels are reviewed, and a few papers relevant to the discussion are cited. Sample ion transport through nanochannels is largely a function of their interaction with electric double layer. For small ions, this coupling includes the net effect of the external applied field, the internal field of the double layer, and the non-uniform velocity of the liquid. Adsorption/desorption kinetics and the effects of surface roughness may also be important in nanochannel electrophoresis. For macromolecules, the resulting motion is more complex as there is further coupling via steric interactions and perhaps polarization effects. These complex interactions and coupled physics represent a valuable opportunity for novel electrophoretic and chromatographic separations.