gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accelerated Aging Study of HCFC 141b in Polyurethane Premixes (1989)

Etude comparee de la stabilite au stockage de l'HCFC 141b et du CFC11 seuls en presence de formulations differentes (polyols, agent de surface, eau, octoate de potassium). Seuls, les 2 produits sont stables, mais en presence des formulations, HCFC 141b ne se decompose pas par un mecanisme radicalaire, contrairement a CFC 11
Multilevel Minimally Invasive Lumbar Decompression: Clinical Efficacy and Durability to 2 Years (2021)

2.
A thermionic converter with a planar, macro-grooved emitter and 0.5 mm Gap (1999)

Performance parameters of a thermionic converter with a planar, macro-grooved, Molybdenum emitter and a 0.5 mm gap were compared with those of a smooth electrodes converter. At an emitter temperature of 1573 K and a collector temperature of 1073 K, peak electric power density (0.45 W/cm2) and peak conversion efficiency (5.3%) were higher than those for the smooth electrodes converter (0.35 W/cm2 and 5%, respectively). When the emitter and collector temperatures were increased to 1773 and 1173 K, respectively, the peak electric power density (1.2 W/cm2) and the peak conversion efficiency (∼8% at PCs=400 Pa) of both converters were same. At lower emitter (1673 and 1573 K) and collector (1073 K) temperatures, the electric power density and the conversion efficiency of the grooved emitter converter were 15–20% higher than that for the smooth electrodes converter in the ignited mode. The barrier index (2.15 V) was ∼8% lower than that of the smooth electrodes converter when the emitter and collector temperatures were 1673 and 1073 K, respectively. However, when the emitter and collector temperatures were increased to 1773 K and 1173 K, respectively, the barrier index (2.45 V) in the grooved emitter converter was ∼6.5% higher.
Growth hormone for risk stratification and effects of therapy in acute myocardial infarction (2015)

GH levels post-AMI are prognostic for MACE and may indicate those patients who benefit from beta blocker and ACE/ARB therapy.
Engineering cell sensing and responses using a GPCR-coupled CRISPR-Cas system (2017)

G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse group of membrane receptors in eukaryotes and detect a wide array of cues in the human body. Here we describe a molecular device that couples CRISPR-dCas9 genome regulation to diverse natural and synthetic extracellular signals via GPCRs. We generate alternative architectures for fusing CRISPR to GPCRs utilizing the previously reported design, Tango, and our design, ChaCha. Mathematical modeling suggests that for the CRISPR ChaCha design, multiple dCas9 molecules can be released across the lifetime of a GPCR. The CRISPR ChaCha is dose-dependent, reversible, and can activate multiple endogenous genes simultaneously in response to extracellular ligands. We adopt the design to diverse GPCRs that sense a broad spectrum of ligands, including synthetic compounds, chemokines, mitogens, fatty acids, and hormones. This toolkit of CRISPR-coupled GPCRs provides a modular platform for rewiring diverse ligand sensing to targeted genome regulation for engineering cellular functions.
Comparison between a linear ion trap and a triple quadruple MS in the sensitive detection of large peptides at femtomole amounts on column (2010)

In addition to the importance of sample preparation and extract separation, MS detection is a key factor in the sensitive quantification of large undigested peptides. In this article, a linear ion trap MS (LIT-MS) and a triple quadrupole MS (TQ-MS) have been compared in the detection of large peptides at subnanomolar concentrations. Natural brain natriuretic peptide, C-peptide, substance P and D-Junk-inhibitor peptide, a full D-amino acid therapeutic peptide, were chosen. They were detected by ESI and simultaneous MS(1) and MS(2) acquisitions. With direct peptide infusion, MS(2) spectra revealed that fragmentation was peptide dependent, milder on the LIT-MS and required high collision energies on the TQ-MS to obtain high-intensity product ions. Peptide adsorption on surfaces was overcome and peptide dilutions ranging from 0.1 to 25 nM were injected onto an ultra high-pressure LC system with a 1 mm id analytical column and coupled with the MS instruments. No difference was observed between the two instruments when recording in LC-MS(1) acquisitions. However, in LC-MS(2) acquisitions, a better sensitivity in the detection of large peptides was observed with the LIT-MS. Indeed, with the three longer peptides, the typical fragmentation in the TQ-MS resulted in a dramatic loss of sensitivity (> or = 10x).
Somatostatin‐receptor 2 (sst2)‐mediated effects of endogenous somatostatin on exocrine and endocrine secretion of the rat stomach (2005)

Somatostatin is a potent inhibitor of gastric acid secretion. Its effects are mediated through five specific receptor subtypes (sst(1-5)), of which sst(2) is dominant on the enterochromaffin-like (ECL) cell and the parietal cell. To study the paracrine mechanisms of somatostatin, the sst(2)-specific antagonist PRL-2903 was used. Effects of PRL-2903 on acid secretion and release of histamine were studied in the totally isolated, vascularly perfused rat stomach. Further, the release of histamine and gastrin after bombesin, alone and in combination with PRL-2903, were studied. Results are presented as mean+/-standard error of the mean (s.e.m.). PRL-2903 concentration-dependently increased the venous histamine concentration from basal 55.6+/-7.5 to 367+/-114 nM at 50 microM PRL-2903. With 10 microM PRL-2903, venous histamine output increased from baseline 6.2+/-0.5 to 20.9+/-4.9 nmol h(-1); P=0.008. The combination of 520 pM gastrin and 10 microM PRL-2903 increased venous histamine output from 41.7+/-7.3 nmol h(-1) with gastrin alone to 95.2+/-9.8 nmol h(-1); P=0.016. Further, 10 microM PRL-2903 increased acid output from baseline 8.5+/-1.8 to 37.4+/-11 micromol h(-1); P=0.017. When combined with 10 microM ranitidine, PRL-2903 did not significantly stimulate acid secretion. Bombesin/PRL-2903 increased venous histamine concentration from 50.4+/-14.8 to 292+/-64.2 nM; P=0.008, and gastrin concentration from 38.6+/-13.1 to 95.8+/-20.3 pM; P=0.037. Endogenous somatostatin exerts a continuous restraint on histamine and gastrin release from the gastric mucosa and significantly reduces baseline acid secretion.
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Amino‐N‐hydroxypropanesulfonamide Derivatives as Potential GABAB Agonists and Their Fragmentation to 3‐Aminopropanesulfinic Acid. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comprehensive Comparisons of Uniform Quantization in Deep Image Compression (2023)

In deep image compression, uniform quantization is applied to latent representations obtained by using an auto-encoder architecture for reducing bits and entropy coding. Quantization is a problem encountered in the end-to-end training of deep image compression. Quantization's gradient is zero, and it cannot backpropagate meaningful gradients. Many methods have been proposed to address the approximations of quantization to obtain gradients. However, there have not been equitable comparisons among them. In this study, we comprehensively compare the existing approximations of uniform quantization. Furthermore, we evaluate possible combinations of quantizers for the decoder and the entropy model, as the approximated quantizers can be different for them. We conduct experiments using three network architectures on two test datasets. The experimental results reveal that the best approximated quantization differs by the network architectures, and the best approximations of the three are different from the original ones used for the architectures. We also show that the combination of quantizers that uses universal quantization for the entropy model and differentiable soft quantization for the decoder is a comparatively good choice for different architectures and datasets.
Comparison of superconducting fault limiter concepts in electric utility applications (1995)

A comparison or superconducting fault current limiter concepts is made for a specific transmission voltage, current and limiting level. Conceptual designs are developed and trade-offs are discussed together with electromagnetic transients program modeling results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Iron Ore Reduction in a Laboratory-scale Fluidized Bed Reactor-Effect of Pre-reduction on Final Reduction Degree (2005)

Fluidized bed processes for iron ore reduction (e.g. FIOR®, FINMET®, FINEX®) operate in a continuous multi-staged countercurrent mode. To optimize iron ore reduction, different operating conditions occur in each stage.Significant influence of the first reduction stage on the final reduction degree was observed in industrial plant. The iron ore particles seem to “memorize” the precursor autoclave conditions.To optimize iron ore reduction, as well as to develop new reduction processes, it is necessary to understand this phenomenon. Industrial plants operate on pressures up to 12 bar and temperatures up to 900°C. So a laboratory-scale pressurized fluidized bed reactor was built to perform experiments similar to industrial conditions.Two-stage experiments with Mt. Newman hematite ore from Western Australia at variable operating conditions show significant influences of temperature and residence time of the pre-reduction stage on the final reduction degree. Microscopical analysis showed the influence of mineralogy and texture on the reduction behavior of original respectively partly reduced iron ore. Formed magnetite in the pre-reduction stage causes a degradation of final reduction degree. Additionally the amount of newly formed magnetite depends on pre-reduction temperature, composition of the reducing gas and residence time.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESES OF HETEROCYCLIC FUSED THIAZOLECARBOXYLIC ACIDS. I (1976)

Abstract Aus dem 2‐Amino‐benzolsulfonamid (I) und Thiophosgen (II) entsteht das Benzothiadiazin = dioxid (III), das mit α‐Chlor‐acetoacetat (IV) zu (V) kondensiert wird.
Risk Factors and Consequences of Cortical Thickness in an Asian Population (2015)

Cortical thickness has been suggested to be one of the most important markers of cortical atrophy. In this study, we examined potential risk factors of cortical thickness and its association with cognition in an elderly Asian population from Singapore. This is a cross-sectional study among 572 Chinese and Malay patients from the ongoing Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore (EDIS) Study, who underwent comprehensive examinations including neuropsychological testing and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Cortical thickness (in micrometers) was measured using a model-based automated procedure. Cognitive function was expressed as composite and domain-specific Z-scores. Cognitive impairment was categorized into cognitive impairment no dementia (CIND)-mild, CIND-moderate, and dementia in accordance with accepted criteria. Linear regression models were used to examine the association between various risk factors and cortical thickness. With respect to cognition as outcome, both linear (for Z-scores) and logistic (for CIND/dementia) regression models were constructed. Initial adjustments were made for age, sex, and education, and subsequently for other cardiovascular risk factors and MRI markers. Out of 572 included patients, 171 (29.9%) were diagnosed with CIND-mild, 197 (34.4%) with CIND-moderate, and 28 (4.9%) with dementia. Risk factors related to a smaller cortical thickness were increased age, male sex, Malay ethnicity, higher blood glucose, and body mass index levels and presence of lacunar infarcts on MRI. Smaller cortical thickness was associated with CIND moderate/dementia [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) decrease: 1.70; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19-2.44, P = 0.004] and with composite Z-score reflecting global cognitive functioning [mean difference per SD decrease: -0.094; 95% CI: -0.159; -0.030, P = 0.004]. In particular, smaller cortical thicknesses in the occipital and temporal lobes were related to cognitive impairment. Finally, in terms of specific cognitive domains, the most significant associations were found for executive function, visuoconstruction, and visual memory. Smaller cortical thickness is significantly associated with cognitive impairment, suggesting a contribution of diffuse cortical atrophy beyond the medial temporal lobe to cognitive function. These findings suggest that cortical thinning is a biomarker of neurodegenerative changes in the brain not only in dementia, but also in its preclinical stages.
Theoretrical derivation of mutual coupling and radiation properties of loop antenna arrays valid from rf to optical (2017)

Circular loop antenna arrays are extremely useful for a wide variety of applications, including geophysical sensing and communications. In the optical regime, these structures are especially useful for solar energy harvesting. One of the most difficult to achieve enabling technologies for these applications is superdirectivity. Rapid design and analysis of these devices requires accurate and efficient calculations for the mutual coupling and radiation properties. Due to the complexity of the integrals involved in the calculations, numerical full-wave solvers are often employed. Unfortunately, these are often time-consuming and memory-intensive. Closed-form analytical solutions would allow the designer to rapidly analyze the radiation characteristics of an array and lead to extremely efficient optimizations. This paper presents straightforward analytical expressions for computing the radiation properties of arrays including the effects of mutual coupling. The theory is general enough to take into account dispersion and loss of materials at optical frequencies. It will be shown that full-wave simulations for a simple 2×1 array of nanoloops can take up to six hours, while the analytical implementations take less than a minute. As an illustrative example, a broadband highly directive array will be optimized and the resulting design will be validated with full-wave simulations.
The Origin of Tumor DNA in Urine of Urogenital Cancer Patients: Local Shedding and Transrenal Excretion (2021)

In urogenital cancers, urine as a liquid biopsy for non-invasive cancer detection holds great promise for future clinical application. Their anatomical position allows for the local shedding of tumor DNA, but recent data indicate that tumor DNA in urine might also result from transrenal excretion. This study aims to assess the origin of tumor-associated DNA in the urine of 5 bladder and 25 cervical cancer patients. Besides natural voided urine, paired urine samples were collected in which contact with the local tumor was circumvented to bypass local shedding. The latter concerned nephrostomy urine in bladder cancer patients, and catheter urine in cervical cancer patients. Methylation levels of <i>GHSR</i>, <i>SST,</i> and <i>ZIC1</i> were determined using paired bladder tumor tissues and cervical scrapes as a reference. Urinary methylation levels were compared to natural voided urine of matched controls. To support methylation results, mutation analysis was performed in urine and tissue samples of bladder cancer patients. Increased methylation levels were not only found in natural voided urine from bladder and cervical cancer patients, but also in the corresponding nephrostomy and catheter urine. DNA mutations detected in bladder tumor tissues were also detectable in all paired natural voided urine as well as in a subset of nephrostomy urine. These results provide the first evidence that the suitability of urine as a liquid biopsy for urogenital cancers relies both on the local shedding of tumor cells and cell fragments, as well as the transrenal excretion of tumor DNA into the urine.
Validity of a New Computer-Aided Diagnosis Imaging Program to Quantify Nuclear Cataract from Slit-lamp Photographs (2010)

This new CAD imaging program assesses nuclear lens opacity with results comparable to the manual grading using the Wisconsin System. This study shows that an automated, precise, and quantitative assessment of nuclear cataract is possible.
Vitamin D supplementation of initially vitamin D-deficient mice diminishes lung inflammation with limited effects on pulmonary epithelial integrity (2017)

In disease settings, vitamin D may be important for maintaining optimal lung epithelial integrity and suppressing inflammation, but less is known of its effects prior to disease onset. Female BALB/c dams were fed a vitamin D<sub>3</sub>-supplemented (2280 IU/kg, VitD<sup>+</sup>) or nonsupplemented (0 IU/kg, VitD<sup>-</sup>) diet from 3 weeks of age, and mated at 8 weeks of age. Male offspring were fed the same diet as their mother. Some offspring initially fed the VitD<sup>-</sup> diet were switched to a VitD<sup>+</sup> diet from 8 weeks of age (VitD<sup>-/+</sup>). At 12 weeks of age, signs of low-level inflammation were observed in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of VitD<sup>-</sup> mice (more macrophages and neutrophils), which were suppressed by subsequent supplementation with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> There was no difference in the level of expression of the tight junction proteins occludin or claudin-1 in lung epithelial cells of VitD<sup>+</sup> mice compared to VitD<sup>-</sup> mice; however, claudin-1 levels were reduced when initially vitamin D-deficient mice were fed the vitamin D<sub>3</sub>-containing diet (VitD<sup>-/+</sup>). Reduced total IgM levels were detected in BALF and serum of VitD<sup>-/+</sup> mice compared to VitD<sup>+</sup> mice. Lung mRNA levels of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were greatest in VitD<sup>-/+</sup> mice. Total IgG levels in BALF were greater in mice fed the vitamin D<sub>3</sub>-containing diet, which may be explained by increased activation of B cells in airway-draining lymph nodes. These findings suggest that supplementation of initially vitamin D-deficient mice with vitamin D<sub>3</sub> suppresses signs of lung inflammation but has limited effects on the epithelial integrity of the lungs.
Genetically engineered calmodulins differentially activate target enzymes. (1986)

Three mutant calmodulin (CaM) genes together with the normal chicken CaM cDNA have been expressed in bacteria for the purpose of determining structure/function relationships in CaM. The mutant CaM genes were generated by in vitro recombination between a chicken CaM cDNA and a processed pseudogene that encodes a full-length CaM but with 19 amino acid substitutions as compared to authentic vertebrate CaM. The calmodulin-like (CaML) proteins derived from the pseudogene are called CaML19, CaML16, and CaML3 and contain 19, 16, and 3 amino acid substitutions, respectively. CaML3 is functionally identical to CaM by all criteria tested. The functional characteristics of CaML16 and CaML19 are also indistinguishable yet quite different from normal CaM. CaML19 and CaML16 will maximally activate myosin light chain kinase but will only half-maximally activate calcineurin and CaM-dependent multiprotein kinase. In addition, CaML16 and CaML19 do not activate phosphorylase kinase. The differential activation of these enzymes does not result from the loss of Ca2+-binding sites, since CaML16 binds four Ca2+ with affinity similar to CaM or CaM23. It is more likely that the functional characteristics of the mutant proteins result from an altered tertiary structure, since the Ca2+-dependent enhancement of tyrosine fluorescence and limited proteolysis pattern of CaML16 are different from that of CaM. The data demonstrate that the nature of the interaction of CaM with myosin light chain kinase is different from its interaction with calcineurin, CaM-dependent multiprotein kinase, and phosphorylase kinase and may involve different functional domains in CaM.
Forgetting Outside the Box: Scrubbing Deep Networks of Information\n Accessible from Input-Output Observations (2020)

We describe a procedure for removing dependency on a cohort of training data\nfrom a trained deep network that improves upon and generalizes previous methods\nto different readout functions and can be extended to ensure forgetting in the\nactivations of the network. We introduce a new bound on how much information\ncan be extracted per query about the forgotten cohort from a black-box network\nfor which only the input-output behavior is observed. The proposed forgetting\nprocedure has a deterministic part derived from the differential equations of a\nlinearized version of the model, and a stochastic part that ensures information\ndestruction by adding noise tailored to the geometry of the loss landscape. We\nexploit the connections between the activation and weight dynamics of a DNN\ninspired by Neural Tangent Kernels to compute the information in the\nactivations.\n
Antiferromagnetic Pairing in Polyaniline Salt−Zeolite Nanocomposites (2001)

Polyaniline (PANI) zeolite composites have been prepared by oxidative polymerization of anilinein the presence of zeolite 13X, producing composite materials with PANI/zeolite weight ratios from about 0.5 to 55. The DC conductivity of the composite materials decreased exponentially with zeolite weight fraction. Pure PANI was paramagnetic while the PANI/zeolite complexes with weight ratios larger than 20 showed an appreciable antiferromagnetic component as indicated by temperature dependence of their electron spin resonance spectra. This novel antiferromagnetism is speculated to arise from π-dimer pairing of PANI chain layers stacking on the zeolite particle surface.
Sensitivity Analysis of a Large Scale Integrated Land Use and Transportation System (2012)

International audience
Protein stabilization utilizing a redefined codon (2015)

Recent advances have fundamentally changed the ways in which synthetic amino acids are incorporated into proteins, enabling their efficient and multiple-site incorporation, in addition to the 20 canonical amino acids. This development provides opportunities for fresh approaches toward addressing fundamental problems in bioengineering. In the present study, we showed that the structural stability of proteins can be enhanced by integrating bulky halogenated amino acids at multiple selected sites. Glutathione S-transferase was thus stabilized significantly (by 5.2 and 5.6 kcal/mol) with 3-chloro- and 3-bromo-l-tyrosines, respectively, incorporated at seven selected sites. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that the bulky halogen moieties filled internal spaces within the molecules, and formed non-canonical stabilizing interactions with the neighboring residues. This new mechanism for protein stabilization is quite simple and applicable to a wide range of proteins, as demonstrated by the rapid stabilization of the industrially relevant azoreductase.
Novel therapeutic strategies targeting liver cancer stem cells (2016)

Novel strategies against treatment-resistant tumor cells remain a major challenge but a promising therapeutic method. Over the past decade, despite accumulated evidence suggesting the presence of highly malignant cell populations within tumors, the issues such as in vivo targeting and clinical relevance remain unsolved. In liver cancer, which is the 5th most common cancer in worldwide, several hepatic stem/progenitor markers are found for isolating a subset of liver cells with stem cell features, such as cancer stem cells (CSCs) which are responsible for tumor drug resistance, relapse, and metastasis (1). Currently, Yamashita’s group focused on chromodomain helicase DNA binding protein 4 (CHD 4), a component of the histone deacetylase NuRD complex which participates in the remodeling of chromatin by deacetylating histones (2). They found that CHD4, which is specifically expressed in CSC fractions with [epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM)] + , could be a therapeutic approach against liver CSCs.