gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionospheric D Region Remote Sensing Using ELF Sferic Group Velocity (2018)

Abstract The lowest region of the ionosphere, the D region, plays an important role in magnetosphere‐ionosphere coupling but is challenging to directly observe. The group velocity of the extremely low frequency (ELF; 3–300 Hz) portion of lightning induced electromagnetic radiation can be used to diagnose the D region electron density profile. Day‐night conditions can be assessed using ELF receivers and lightning detection networks. Analytical formulations and the Long Wave Propagation Capability software package show that ELF group velocity has particular sensitivity to the sharpness of the exponential electron density profile. Applying the technique to sudden ionospheric disturbances shows that the group velocity increases in response to incidence of solar X‐ray flux . A small number of ELF receivers can provide a large‐scale diagnostic of the D region. ELF remote sensing using lightning is complementary to very low frequency remote sensing and can be used to assess the Earth‐ionosphere propagation channel for very low frequency transmitters.
Intrauterine Growth Restriction and the Innate Immune System in Preterm Infants of ≤32 Weeks Gestation (2012)

SGA infants differ remarkably from AGA infants in full blood counts and in their ability to mount an immune response. Whether the quantitative deficiency in innate immunity plays a role for adverse outcomes needs to be investigated in larger future trials.
Measurement of volumetric lesion load in multiple sclerosis: moving from normal- to dirty-appearing white matter. (2004)

It is generally accepted that conventional T2-weighted MR imaging (T2WI) is sensitive in revealing macroscopic multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. Nonetheless, the definitive diagnosis of MS remains clinical ([1][1]). Although MR imaging remains the best diagnostic test for the workup of MS, several
Scalable Variational Inference for Super Resolution Microscopy (2017)

Super-resolution microscopy methods (e.g.
STORM or PALM imaging) have become
essential tools in biology, opening up a va-
riety of new questions that were previously
inaccessible with standard light microscopy
methods. In this paper we develop new
Bayesian image processing methods that
extend the reach of super-resolution mi-
croscopy even further. Our method couples
variational inference techniques with a data
summarization based on Laplace approxi-
mation to ensure computational scalability.
Our formulation makes it straightforward
to incorporate prior information about the
underlying sample to further improve ac-
curacy. The proposed method obtains dra-
matic resolution improvements over previ-
ous methods while retaining computational
tractability.
Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma: a biologically distinct lymphoma with frequent MAPK pathway mutations (2016)

Pediatric-type nodal follicular lymphoma (PTNFL) is a variant of follicular lymphoma (FL) characterized by limited-stage presentation and invariably benign behavior despite often high-grade histological appearance. It is important to distinguish PTNFL from typical FL in order to avoid unnecessary treatment; however, this distinction relies solely on clinical and pathological criteria, which may be variably applied. To define the genetic landscape of PTNFL, we performed copy number analysis and exome and/or targeted sequencing of 26 PTNFLs (16 pediatric and 10 adult). The most commonly mutated gene in PTNFL was MAP2K1, encoding MEK1, with a mutation frequency of 43%. All MAP2K1 mutations were activating missense mutations localized to exons 2 and 3, which encode negative regulatory and catalytic domains, respectively. Missense mutations in MAPK1 (2/22) and RRAS (1/22) were identified in cases that lacked MAP2K1 mutations. The second most commonly mutated gene in PTNFL was TNFRSF14, with a mutation frequency of 29%, similar to that seen in limited-stage typical FL (P = .35). PTNFL was otherwise genomically bland and specifically lacked recurrent mutations in epigenetic modifiers (eg, CREBBP, KMT2D). Copy number aberrations affected a mean of only 0.5% of PTNFL genomes, compared with 10% of limited-stage typical FL genomes (P < .02). Importantly, the mutational profiles of PTNFLs in children and adults were highly similar. Together, these findings define PTNFL as a biologically and clinically distinct indolent lymphoma of children and adults characterized by a high prevalence of MAPK pathway mutations and a near absence of mutations in epigenetic modifiers.
Enantioselective rhodium/ruthenium photoredox catalysis en route to chiral 1,2-aminoalcohols (2016)

A rhodium-based chiral Lewis acid catalyst combined with [Ru(bpy)3](PF6)2 as a photoredox sensitizer allows for the visible-light-activated redox coupling of α-silylamines with 2-acyl imidazoles to afford, after desilylation, 1,2-amino-alcohols in yields of 69-88% and with high enantioselectivity (54-99% ee). The reaction is proposed to proceed via an electron exchange between the α-silylamine (electron donor) and the rhodium-chelated 2-acyl imidazole (electron acceptor), followed by a stereocontrolled radical-radical reaction. Substrate scope and control experiments reveal that the trimethylsilyl group plays a crucial role in this reductive umpolung of the carbonyl group.
Time-reversal of ultrasonic fields. III. Theory of the closed time-reversal cavity (1992)

For pt.II see ibid., vol.39, no.5, p.567-78 (1992). A theoretical model for time-reversal cavities to optimize focusing in homogeneous and inhomogeneous media is described. The concept of the cavity can be understood as the most realistic approximation to an exact three-dimensional (3-D) time-reversal of ultrasonic fields; it is also a generalization of the time-reversal mirrors realized experimentally in the laboratory. The proposed method is based on an approach in the transient regime that is more general than the monochromatic formalism used in optics to analyze the phase conjugation mirrors efficiency. This method uses impulse diffraction theory to obtain the impulse response of the cavity in any inhomogeneous medium. An original interpretation of the limitations due to diffraction observed in wave field propagation in terms of the different waves generated inside the cavity is also proposed. The time-reversal focusing process using a closed cavity in a weakly inhomogeneous medium is compared with more classical techniques to compensate wavefront distortions, thus illustrating the focusing improvement due to the time-reversal method.
Selective reduction of afterload in right heart assist therapy: a mock loop study (2014)

The feasibility of RV unloading by a selective decrease in RV afterload was proved in principle. By alternation of the pump speed, gradual reloading in sense of a myocardial training may be achieved. The results will be validated by future animal trials where the relationship between the level of support and pulmonary vascular pressure can be investigated in vivo. Further device design concerning foldable impeller leaflets will be carried out. At a final stage, the crimped version is supposed to reach a size below 1 cm to facilitate minimally invasive insertion.
Oestrogen receptor status of breast cancers from related patients. (1986)

Breast tumours from nine pairs of related women have been studied with respect to their oestrogen receptor (ER) concentrations and histological appearance and grade. 72% of these tumours were oestrogen receptor positive in both soluble and nuclear fractions. in eight of the nine pairs, the tumours were of the same ER status. Apart from a suggestion of a similar host response to the tumours in two related pairs, the histological appearance of the tumours showed no striking similarities. This small study suggests that familial breast cancers are more likely to be hormone dependent.
Feature Improvement and Cost Reduction of Baitcasting Fishing Reels for Emerging Markets (2015)

Baitcasting fishing reels are a challenging product to sell to new users in emerging markets. Their complex and less-than-intuitive design make them poor candidates for a novice fisherman selecting his or her first fishing reel. Based upon manufacturer constraints and design requirements, our team lowered the price point and improved the usability of the Okuma Cerros baitcasting fishing reel to make it more appealing to a wider range of consumers, especially in emerging markets. This project resulted in a three-phase redesign: reducing cost via alternative materials and replacing bearings with bushings; prototyping a simplified cast control system; and proposing an improved user interface.
Interstitial oxygen molecules in amorphous SiO2. I. Quantitative concentration analysis by thermal desorption, infrared photoluminescence, and vacuum-ultraviolet optical absorption (2005)

The amount of oxygen molecules (O2) in amorphous SiO2(a-SiO2), also called interstitial O2, was quantitatively measured by combining thermal-desorption spectroscopy (TDS) with infrared photoluminescence (PL) measurements of interstitial O2 at 1272 nm while exciting with 1064-nm Nd: yttrium aluminum garnet laser light. It was found that the amount of O2 released by the TDS measurement is proportional to the intensity decrease of the PL band, demonstrating that a-SiO2 easily emits interstitial O2 during thermal annealing in vacuum. This correlation yielded the proportionality coefficient between the absolute concentration of interstitial O2 and its PL intensity normalized against the intensity of the fundamental Raman bands of a-SiO2. This relationship was further used to determine the optical-absorption cross section of the Schumann–Runge band of the interstitial O2 located at photon energies ≳6.5eV. This band is significantly redshifted and has a larger cross section compared to that of O2 in the gas phase.
Abstract 15643: Loss of IKr in LQT2 Patient iPS-derived Cardiomyocytes : Nonsense Mediated Decay as a Potential Mechanism? (2011)

Type 2 long QT syndrome (LQT2) is caused by mutations in KCNH2-encoded Kv11.1 K+ channels that underlie the rapidly activating delayed rectifier K+ current (IKr). Most LQT2 mutations are missense a...
Selecting the most appropriate time points to profile in high-throughput studies (2017)

Biological systems are increasingly being studied by high throughput profiling of molecular data over time. Determining the set of time points to sample in studies that profile several different types of molecular data is still challenging. Here we present the Time Point Selection (<i>TPS</i>) method that solves this combinatorial problem in a principled and practical way. <i>TPS</i> utilizes expression data from a small set of genes sampled at a high rate. As we show by applying <i>TPS</i> to study mouse lung development, the points selected by <i>TPS</i> can be used to reconstruct an accurate representation for the expression values of the non selected points. Further, even though the selection is only based on gene expression, these points are also appropriate for representing a much larger set of protein, miRNA and DNA methylation changes over time. TPS can thus serve as a key design strategy for high throughput time series experiments. Supporting Website: www.sb.cs.cmu.edu/TPS.
Influence of 4-tert-Butylpyridine in DSCs with CoII/III Redox Mediator (2013)

The effect of TBP on Co(II/III) redox electrolyte was examined. Photocurrent of the device can be limited in electrolyte with high TBP concentration due to its viscous nature. The higher amount of TBP in electrolyte increases the viscosity of electrolyte and consequently slows down the diffusion of CoIII species. This is a unique observation for Co(II/III) electrolyte which is not observed in I–/I3– electrolyte. An increase in TBP concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 M in a cobalt electrolyte containing 0.1 M Co(bpy)3(TFSI)2 and 0.033 M Co(bpy)3(TFSI)3 produced a 90 mV improvement in open-circuit potential (Voc). Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), this enhancement could be attributed to the reduced interfacial recombination (33%) as well as a negative shift in the conduction band level of TiO2 (67%). Although the influence of TBP in iodide/triiodide and cobalt-complex electrolytes is similar, the increase of viscosity at relatively high concentration of TBP in Co electrolyte should be taken into consideration in order to accomplish high efficiency DSCs based on Co-complex electrolytes.
Enhancement of the activity of the complement inhibitor CDX‐1135 by a monoclonal antibody (2013)

CDX‐1135 (sCR1) is a soluble recombinant glycoprotein derived from the human complement regulatory protein Complement Receptor Type 1 (CR1, CD35, C3b/C4b receptor). CDX‐1135 inhibits the classical, alternative and lectin pathways of the complement cascade, and is being evaluated for use in certain rare renal diseases involving dysregulated complement. A monoclonal antibody specific for CR1, designated 6B1.H12, appeared to enhance the inhibitory activity of CDX‐1135 in an assay developed to detect anti‐sCR1 antibodies with neutralizing activity in the alternative pathway. The 6B1.H12 antibody has been shown to bind a region of CR1 called long homologous repeat D (LHR‐D). Because LHR‐D does not contain a C3b or C4b binding site, it was expected that 6B1.H12 would have no neutralizing effect on CDX‐1135 in an AP neutralization bioassay. We speculate that the enhancement of CDX‐1135 activity at higher concentrations of 6B1.H12 may be due to the oligomerization of the CDX‐1135, increasing the multivalency of binding to C3b and/or C3b‐dimers, activated components of the alternative complement pathway.
Cloning and characterization of a female genital complex cDNA from the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica. (1987)

A cDNA clone whose RNA is abundant in the female genital complex of the liver fluke Fasciola hepatica has been isolated from a cDNA library in lambda gt10 by differential screening. The pattern of expression in different fluke tissues and at different stages of miracidium formation suggests that this gene is expressed in the F. hepatica vitelleria. The nucleotide sequence of the cloned cDNA was determined and the primary structure of the putative protein was deduced. The proposed protein is rich in glycine, lysine, and tyrosine and its overall amino acid composition agrees with that reported for the F. hepatica egg shell. The clone has homology with DNA from other trematodes; this homology is higher in organisms in which egg development is similar to that of F. hepatica and suggests that the protein is conserved in organisms in which miracidium formation occurs in fresh water.
(Invited) Preparation of Ordered Anodic Porous Alumina Through-Hole Membrane and Its Applications (2016)

The preparation of highly ordered anodic porous alumina through-hole membranes by two-layer anodization using concentrated sulfuric acid solution is described in detail. After the formation of a porous alumina layer in an oxalic acid solution, a highly soluble alumina layer was formed at the lower part of the first alumina layer by second anodization in a concentrated sulfuric acid solution. A porous alumina through-hole membrane was then obtained by selective dissolution of the second alumina layer in an appropriate etchant. The residual Al could be reused for the preparation of the ordered anodic porous alumina because an ordered concave array corresponding to the hole arrangement of the detached porous alumina membrane was maintained at the surface of the residual Al even after the etching treatment. The present process allows the high-throughput preparation of ordered anodic porous alumina through-hole membranes.
Synthesis of [3H]fenobam, a radioligand for the mGlu5 receptor (2008)

Abstract Fenobam is a clinically efficacious anxiolytic that acts as metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) antagonist by binding to an allosteric site. Other mGlu5 receptor antagonists such as MPEP and MTEP bind to the same allosteric site and are efficacious in preclinical models of anxiety and depression. Consequently, the allosteric‐binding site of the mGlu5 receptor is an attractive target for the discovery of novel psychiatric therapies. Radioligands of this binding site can be used for in vitro and in vivo pharmacodynamic studies. We report here a short synthesis of such a radioligand for the allosteric mGlu5 receptor‐binding site, [ 3 H]fenobam. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Numerical Integration of Rolling Equations with the Use of Control Theory (2021)

In this paper, an approach to numerical integration of equations governing motion of constrained mechanical systems is suggested. In this approach, unknown reaction forces acting on the system are treated as controls, and the algebraic equations that these reactions satisfy, as control goals. Based on the suggested approach, an algorithm for numerical solving rolling equations is developed. The discussion is illustrated by the example of application of the algorithm to solve the problem of a heavy wheel rolling along a curvilinear profile without slippage.
FTO, RNA epigenetics and epilepsy (2012)

Several recent landmark papers describing N(6) -methyladenosine (m(6) A) RNA modifications have provided valuable new insights as to the importance of m(6) A in the RNA transcriptome and in furthering the understanding of RNA epigenetics. One endogenous enzyme responsible for demethylating RNA m(6) A, FTO, is highly expressed in the CNS and is likely involved in mRNA metabolism, splicing or other nuclear RNA processing events. microRNAs (miRNAs), a family of small, non-coding transcripts that bind to target mRNAs and inhibit subsequent translation, are highly expressed in the CNS and are associated with several neurological disorders, including epilepsy. miRNAs frequently bind to recognition sequences in the 3'UTR, a region that is also enriched for m(6) A. Certain specific miRNAs are upregulated by neuronal activity and are coupled to epileptogenesis; these miRNAs contain a consensus m(6) A site that if methylated could possibly regulate miRNA processing or function. This commentary highlights aspects from recent papers to propose a functional association between FTO, RNA epigenetics and epilepsy.
High-energy and durable lithium metal batteries using garnet-type solid electrolytes with tailored lithium-metal compatibility (2022)

Lithium metal batteries using solid electrolytes are considered to be the next-generation lithium batteries due to their enhanced energy density and safety. However, interfacial instabilities between Li-metal and solid electrolytes limit their implementation in practical batteries. Herein, Li-metal batteries using tailored garnet-type Li<sub>7-x</sub>La<sub>3-a</sub>Zr<sub>2-b</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO) solid electrolytes is reported, which shows remarkable stability and energy density, meeting the lifespan requirements of commercial applications. We demonstrate that the compatibility between LLZO and lithium metal is crucial for long-term stability, which is accomplished by bulk dopant regulating and dopant-specific interfacial treatment using protonation/etching. An all-solid-state with 5 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> cathode delivers a cumulative capacity of over 4000 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> at 3 mA cm<sup>-2</sup>, which to the best of our knowledge, is the highest cycling parameter reported for Li-metal batteries with LLZOs. These findings are expected to promote the development of solid-state Li-metal batteries by highlighting the efficacy of the coupled bulk and interface doping of solid electrolytes.
Direct analysis of enzymic reactions of oligosaccharides in human serum using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (1995)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry has been developed for direct mass analysis of enzymatic reaction products of oligosaccharides in human blood serum without the use of extraction or chromatographic separation. Molecular labeling of the substrate is used to achieve both the detection sensitivity and selectivity required in rapid analysis of reaction products in serum. It is found that tetramethylrhodamine (TMR)-labeled oligosaccharides provide 100-fold sensitivity enhancement over the corresponding underivatized oligosaccharides. In order to selectively retain the TMR-labeled molecules on the sample probe while washing away contaminants in a serum sample, a sample/matrix preparation method is developed. This technique provides detection sensitivity of labeled oligosaccharides in the range of hundreds of femtomoles per microliter. The mass measurement accuracy is better than 0.01% when a linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer is used. The application of the technique is illustrated for the subpicomole detection and quantitation of the conversion of the disaccharide alpha Fuc(1-->2)beta Gal-TMR to the blood group B active trisaccharide alpha Fuc(1-->2)[alpha Gal(1-->3)]beta Gal-TMR, catalyzed by the blood group B galactosyltransferase present in human serum.
An LPV Approach to Autonomous Vehicle Path Tracking in the Presence of Steering Actuation Nonlinearities (2020)

This article deals with trajectory tracking for autonomous cars during evasive maneuvers and in the presence of steering actuator nonlinearities. This article develops an LPV MISO H-infinity controller based on the feedback of the lateral error at the center of gravity and the look-ahead distance. The controller architecture offers a way to cope with the effect of the steering nonlinearities, by scheduling one of the control weighting functions. A detailed experimental validation on three different maneuvers (straight driving, wide bend, and a double-lane change) shows the effectiveness of the proposed LPV solution.
Experimental violation of Bell’s inequality based on phase and momentum (1990)

Two-color photon pairs are selected by two double apertures placed to satisfy the phase-matching conditions at a down-conversion crystal. The different wavelengths are superposed at spatially separated points on a beamsplitter and coincident two-photon detections are measured. On adjusting phase plates in the beams before the beamsplitter an apparent nonlocal fourth-order interference effect is seen which violates Bell's inequality by several standard deviations.
Supplementary document for Adiabatic frequency conversion in epsilon near zero materials – it is all about group velocity - 4423966.pdf (2020)

Supplementary Document
Supplementary Document 3 from Integrative Analysis of DCE-MRI and Gene Expression Profiles in Construction of a Gene Classifier for Assessment of Hypoxia-Related Risk of Chemoradiotherapy Failure in Cervical Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Comparing our 6 classifier genes with published hypoxia gene signatures.&lt;/p&gt;