gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Borehole NMR Measurements to Well Construction and Development (2012)

In this work we investigate the effect of different well construction methods, and well development activities, on borehole NMR measurements and borehole‐NMR‐derived estimates of hydraulic conductivity. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements provide direct sensitivity to pore fluids enabling estimation of key petrophysical properties including porosity, bound/free fluid content, and permeability. In particular, the observed NMR relaxation time T2 is sensitive to the pore volume to surface ratio. Hence, any differences or changes in the physical pore‐scale properties of a water‐saturated formation due to well construction and/or development should logically be detectable by borehole NMR. To test this hypothesis, we used a variety of small diameter NMR logging tools at a well‐characterized hydrologic test site in Lawrence Kansas. The investigated aquifer is unconsolidated, primarily sand and gravel, with thin discontinuous lenses of silt and clay. A first set of test compared direct push NMR measurements, to NMR measurements performed in PVC‐cased wells that were installed by both direct push and augering methods. The results indicate that the direct push NMR measurements, performed in a somewhat compacted and undeveloped formation, exhibited typically shorter T2 decay rates than NMR measurements performed in nearby auger‐constructed and developed wells. A direct push machine was then used to install two screened 2″ PVC wells. NMR logging measurements in these two wells were conducted prior to development, and after various stages of development. It was observed that at each stage of development, the T2 relaxation rate became significantly longer at certain depth intervals of the aquifer. This effect is apparently due to the removal of fines, which generally increases the volume to surface ratio of the pore space. Thus, NMR logging measurements and derived permeability estimates were shown to be sensitive to both well construction and development. This highlights the need to account for well construction and development in NMR‐based permeability estimation, and also indicates other potential applications of the NMR logging tool for inspection and monitoring of the annular space surrounding a well.
Lateral Overgrowth of Thick GaN on Patterned GaN Substrate by Sublimation Technique (1998)

The lateral overgrowth of thick GaN has been attempted using the sublimation method. The lateral overgrowth of 60 µm on SiO 2 mask, which is about three times larger than the vertical growth, was obtained by one hour of growth at 995°C, with the stripe windows in the &lt;1100&gt; direction of GaN. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) shows that the extension of threading dislocations is terminated at the SiO 2 /GaN interface. The dislocation density is about 10 9 cm -2 above the window areas, and is reduced to 10 6 cm -2 in the lateral overgrowth region on SiO 2 .
Extracellular Ca2+ modulates leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 cell surface distribution on T lymphocytes and consequently affects cell adhesion (1994)

Transition of leukocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1), from an inactive into an activate state depends on the presence of extracellular Mg2+ and/or Ca2+ ions. Although Mg2+ is directly involved in ligand binding, the role of Ca2+ in LFA-1 mediated adhesion remained obscure. We now demonstrate that binding of Ca2+, but not Mg2+, directly correlates with clustering of LFA-1 molecules at the cell surface of T cells, thereby facilitating LFA-1-ligand interaction. Using a reporter antibody (NKI-L16) that recognizes a Ca(2+)-dependent epitope on LFA-1, we found that Ca2+ can be bound by LFA-1 with different strength. We noticed that weak binding of Ca2+ is associated with a dispersed LFA-1 surface distribution on T cells and with non-responsiveness of these cells to stimuli known to activate LFA-1. In contrast, stable binding of Ca2+ by LFA-1 correlates with a patch-like surface distribution and vivid ligand binding after activation of LFA-1. Mg(2+)-dependent ligand binding does not affect binding of Ca2+ by LFA-1 as measured by NKI-L16 expression, suggesting that Mg2+ binds to a distinct site, and that both cations are important to mediate adhesion. Only Sr2+ ions can replace Ca2+ to express the L16 epitope, and to induce clustering of LFA-1 at the cell surface. We conclude that Ca2+ is involved in avidity regulation of LFA-1 by clustering of LFA-1 molecules at the cell surface, whereas Mg2+ is important in regulation of the affinity of LFA-1 for its ligands.
SU11248 (sunitinib) directly inhibits the activity of mammalian 5'-AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (2010)

AMPK has been termed the fuel sensor of mammalian cells because it directly responds to the depletion of the fuel molecule ATP. In previous work, we found that AMPK is strongly activated by tumor-like hypoxia and glucose deprivation, independently of the oxygen response system associated with HIF-1. We also observed high levels of AMPK activity in tumor cells in vivo, using different model tumors. These findings suggested the hypothesis that modulation of AMPK activity could have therapeutic value for the treatment of solid tumors. To investigate this hypothesis, we have been conducting a SAR study of potential small-molecule modulators of AMPK activity. Here we report that the chemotherapeutic drug SU11248 (sunitinib) is at least as potent an inhibitor of AMPK as compound C, which is a commonly used experimental direct inhibitor of the enzyme. We also provide a computational model of the binding pose of SU11248 to an AMPKα subunit, which suggests a structural basis for the affinity of the drug for the ATP site of the catalytic domain. The ability of SU11248 to inhibit AMPK has potential clinical significance--there may be populations of SU11248-treated patients in which AMPK activity is inhibited in normal as well as in tumor tissue.
THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE AND HYPERACTIVITY IN DIAGNOSIS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS (1997)

Article THE ROLE OF INTELLIGENCE AND HYPERACTIVITY IN DIAGNOSIS OF ATTENTION DEFICIT DISORDER IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS was published on July 1, 1997 in the journal International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health (volume 9, issue 3).
Rotor and flux position estimation in delta-connected AC Machines using the zero-sequence carrier-signal current (2006)

This paper analyzes carrier-signal voltage injection zero-sequence current-based sensorless control techniques for delta-connected three-phase ac machines. The analysis will focus on rotor position estimation (tracking of rotor-position-dependent saliencies), but the method applies equally well to flux position estimation (tracking of flux-dependent saliencies). The paper first develops a theoretical model and then provides analysis of relevant implementation aspects, such as selection of carrier-signal frequency and voltage magnitude, measurement of the zero-sequence carrier-signal current, measurement and compensation of saturation-induced saliencies, and the signal processing needed for position/flux angle estimation. A similar implementation to that proposed in this paper, and with practically the same performance in terms of accuracy and estimation bandwidth, can be obtained for the case of wye-connected machines using the zero-sequence carrier-signal voltage, as shown in IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 41, no. 6 pp. 1637-1646, Nov./Dec. 2005.
A secure, constraint-aware role-based access control interoperation framework (2011)

With the growing needs for and the benefits of sharing resources and information among different organizations, an interoperation framework that automatically integrates policies to facilitate such cross-domain sharing in a secure way is becoming increasingly important. To avoid security breaches, such policies must enforce the policy constraints of the individual domains. Such constraints may include temporal constraints that limit the times when the users can access the resources, and separation of duty (SoD) constraints. Existing interoperation solutions do not address such cross-domain temporal access control and SoDs requirements. In this paper, we propose a role-based framework to facilitate secure interoperation among multiple domains by ensuring the enforcement of temporal and SoD constraints of individual domains. To support interoperation, we do not modify the internal policies, as most of the current approaches do. We present experimental results to demonstrate our proposed framework is effective and easily realizable.
Fluid Optical Waveguides for on-Chip Manipulation and Generation of Light (2006)

Application of liquid-core liquid-cladding waveguides in several dynamic photonic systems. These optical components could be reconfigured in terms of their geometry, refractive index, or chemical composition
Thermodynamic limits for optomechanical systems with conservative potentials (2017)

The mechanical force from light---radiation pressure---provides an intrinsically nonlinear interaction. Consequently, optomechanical systems near their steady state, such as the canonical optical spring, can display nonanalytic behavior as a function of external parameters. This nonanalyticity, a key feature of thermodynamic phase transitions, suggests that there could be an effective thermodynamic description of optomechanical systems. Here we explicitly define the thermodynamic limit for optomechanical systems and derive a set of sufficient constraints on the system parameters as the mechanical system grows large. As an example, we show how these constraints can be satisfied in a system with ${\mathbb{Z}}_{2}$ symmetry and derive a free energy, allowing us to characterize this as an equilibrium phase transition.
Lewis Acid Catalyzed Borotropic Shifts in the Design of Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective γ‐Additions of Allylboron Moieties to Aldimines (2016)

Abstract Catalytic allylboron additions to aldimines are presented for which small amounts of Zn(OMe) 2 serve as the co‐catalyst to accelerate allyl exchange and 1,3‐borotropic shift processes. Low‐yielding and moderately α‐ and diastereoselective reactions are thus turned into highly efficient γ‐, diastereo‐, and enantioselective transformations that exhibit considerable scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Stereo‐ and Enantiocontrolled Synthesis of Vicinal Stereogenic Quaternary Carbon Centers. Total Syntheses of meso‐ and (‐)‐Chimonanthine and (+)‐Calycanthine. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Nano-Confined Adsorbed and Free Gas in Shale Reservoirs: A Molecular Dynamic Study (2015)

Abstract Gas production from shale reservoirs is expected to last for hundred years by some estimates. However, the phase behavior of gas in shale reservoirs is inherently more complex compared to the conventional ones. In shale reservoirs, a large amount of gas is stored in nano-size pores which are an integral part of kerogen structure. The phase behavior of this fluid is significantly different from those in the bulk and is still far from being fully investigated. Better understanding of the influence of nano-confinement on the fluid phase behavior should help in estimating the amount of gas in place and to develop an optimum production plan to maximize the recovery. Using molecular dynamics simulations, we modeled methane's phase behavior in shale gas reservoirs wherein the nano-pores in the kerogen play a major role in adsorption of the gas molecules. A fully atomistic model was used for methane and the pore walls; the pore walls were represented by graphite sheets. Eight pores of width ranging from 0.7 nm up to 4.0 nm were considered; the pores were connected to a bulk volume (reservoir). The amount of free and adsorbed gas in the pores was calculated in the pressure range from 6000 to 100 psi. The results demonstrate the influence of pore size on the mechanism of gas release and its dynamics. The gas production rate from pores is a result of the interplay between the rate of transport of a free gas molecule out of the pore, and the rate of desorption of the adsorbed gas from the pore wall. For the smallest pores, adsorption plays the main role in controlling the dynamics as compared with the large ones. Our data can be utilized for predicting the rate of gas production from shale gas based on the pore size distribution and fluid composition.
RF MEMS switches for leakage control in wireless handheld devices (2007)

A new methods for controlling leakage power in handheld device was proposed. This paper presents the use of a MEMS switch as a replacement for the sleep transistor method to reduce leakage current allowing for significant improvement in the battery life of portable electronic systems.
NK Cells in Hodgkin Lymphoma Are Impaired but Can Be Activated (2011)

Abstract Abstract 2182 Introduction: NK cells represent the key component of the innate immune system to recognize and eliminate cancer cells. Defects in NK cell function including impaired cytotoxicity/cytokine secretion, aberrant receptor expression profile, NK cell number and NK cell anergy are reported in non Hodgkin lymphoma and correlate with a bad prognosis. So far, nothing is known about the phenotype of peripheral NK cells and serum levels of ligands for NK cell receptors in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) patients. Here, cytotoxicity, expression pattern of activating NK cell receptors and the serum levels of several ligands for the key cytotoxic receptors NKG2D and NKp30 are determined. Methods: The cytotoxicity of NK cells isolated from HL patients was analysed by europium release assay using the HL cell line L428 as target cells. The serum level of the NKp30-ligand BAT3 and ligands for NKG2D (MICA, MICB and ULBP1,2,3) was estimated in sera of 117 HL patients and 40 healthy donors by ELISA. The expression pattern of NKp30, NKp44, NKp46, CD16 and the activation markers CD25, CD69 and CD71 was determined by 4-colour FACS analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Results: The cytotoxicity assays reveal a significantly reduced killing efficacy of NK cells from HL patients against the Hodgkin cell line L428 in comparison to NK cells from healthy donors. Correlating with the impaired NK cell function, we observed that the serum level for BAT3 and MICA was significantly elevated in HL patients, whereas other ligands (MICB and ULBP1,2,3) remained unchanged. NKG2D showed a significantly decreased expression on NK cells of HL patients. No significant difference was observed for all other receptors and activation markers tested. Conclusion: Our results suggest that soluble BAT3 and MICA, ligands for NKp30 and NKG2D, contribute to the NK cell inhibition in HL patients. Since soluble ligands for NK cell receptors are known to inhibit NK cell-cytotoxicity, the release of these ligands might represent an immune escape mechanism of HL tumors to avoid detection and killing by the innate immune system. To overcome NK cell inhibition in HL patients we design, express and purify bispecific proteins (immunoligands) that target NKG2D and a HL-specific tumorantigen. Work to activate HL-derived NK cells with immunoligands ex vivo will be discussed. Disclosures: Engert: Affimed Therapeutics AG: Honoraria, Research Funding.
How to construct random functions (2019)

research-article Share on How to construct random functions Authors: Oded Goldreich Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Shafi Goldwasser Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile , Silvio Micali Massachusetts Institute of Technology Massachusetts Institute of TechnologyView Profile Authors Info & Claims Providing Sound Foundations for Cryptography: On the Work of Shafi Goldwasser and Silvio MicaliOctober 2019 Pages 241–264https://doi.org/10.1145/3335741.3335752Published:04 October 2019Publication History 4citation283DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations4Total Downloads283Last 12 Months6Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Electrochemical reduction of molybdenum(II) and tungsten(II) halide cluster ions. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tetradecachlorohexamolybdate(2-) ion (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical reduction of molybdenum(II) and tungsten(II) halide cluster ions. Electrogenerated chemiluminescence of tetradecachlorohexamolybdate(2-) ionDaniel G. Nocera and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 3, 824–825Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00315a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00315a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views415Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselectivity in the Hydroboration of C4‐C‐Methylene Groups. (1988)

Abstract The 4‐methylenepyranosides (IV) are prepared by consecutive Swern oxidation and Wittig olefination of the alcohols (I).
Influence of Temperature and Humidity on Partial Pressure Measurement using Dual Pressure Gauges (2005)

Taking into account the utilization of partial pressure measurement under various temperatures and humidity, their influence on this measurement with a capacitance manometer and a quartz friction pressure gauge (Q-gauge) is studied. With increasing humidity, a Q-gauge pressure reading, calibrated by air gas, decreases as well as when the hydrogen leakage is detected. To avoid this error by humidity for the hydrogen sensing, we tried to compensate influence of humidity using a humidity coefficient which is calculated from the humidity dependence of the Q-gauge pressure reading at constant temperature, and suppressed to one-fifth of the fluctuation of the Q-gauge pressure reading background due to humidity change. Regarding to influence of temperature on the Q-gauge pressure reading, it is calibrated by the temperature dependence at low humidity. Finally, influences of temperature and humidity on the hydrogen sensing can be reduced by the calculation below the reading by 0.6 at.% of hydrogen gas.
Fluorescent Carrier Ampholytes Assay for Portable, Label-Free Detection of Chemical Toxins in Tap Water (2010)

We present a novel method for fluorescence-based indirect detection of analytes and demonstrate its use for label-free detection of chemical toxins in a hand-held device. We fluorescently label a mixture of low-concentration carrier ampholytes and introduce it into an isotachophoresis (ITP) separation. The carrier ampholytes provide a large number of fluorescent species with a wide range of closely spaced effective electrophoretic mobilities. Analytes focus under ITP and displace subsets of these carrier ampholytes. The analytes are detected indirectly and quantified by analyzing the gaps in the fluorescent ampholyte signal. The large number (on the order of 1000) of carrier ampholytes enables detection of a wide range of analytes, requiring little a priori knowledge of their electrophoretic properties. We discuss the principles of the technique and demonstrate its use in the detection of various analytes using a standard microscope system. We then present the integration of the technique into a self-contained hand-held device and demonstrate detection of chemical toxins (2-nitrophenol and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol) in tap water, with no sample preparation steps.
Cell Cycle Phase-Specific CHemotherapy: Computation Methods for Guiding Treatment (2002)

Computational models of cancer chemotherapy enhance the understanding of in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial data and have the potential to contribute to the design of rational treatment regimens. In particular, mechanistic, predictive models are superior to statistical, phenomenological descriptions of data. Mechanistic models based on functional data from tumor biopsies will enable the response to treatment to be predicted for a specific patient, in contrast to statistical models in which the probability of response for a given patient may differ substantially from the population average. This review summarizes mathematical models developed to improve the design of treatment regimens using cell-cycle phase-specific chemotherapy. It starts with simple models of dose response, then moves to more complex models of scheduling cell-cycle phase-specific drugs, and finally discusses mechanistic models that incorporate both genetic drug resistance and cell cycle-mediated drug resistance. This last class of models will be most useful in designing treatment regimens tailored for individual patients.