gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Efficient Top‐Emitting Infrared‐to‐Visible Up‐Conversion Device Enabled by Microcavity Effect (2023)

Abstract Infrared (IR)‐to‐visible up‐conversion device allows a low‐cost, pixel‐free IR imaging over the conventional expensive compound semiconductor‐based IR image sensors. However, the external quantum efficiency has been low due to the integration of an IR photodetector and a light‐emitting diode (LED). Herein, by inducing a strong micro‐cavity effect, a highly efficient top‐emitting IR‐to‐visible up‐conversion device is demonstrated where PbS quantum dots IR‐absorbing layer is integrated with a phosphorescent organic LED. By optimizing the optical cavity length between indium tin oxide (ITO)/thin Ag/ITO anode and semi‐transparent Mg:Ag top cathode, the up‐conversion device yields 15.7% of photon‐to‐photon conversion efficiency from the top‐emission. The high efficiency can be achieved under a low IR transmission through the semi‐reflective anode. Finally, pixel‐free IR imaging is demonstrated using the up‐conversion device, boosting the effect of micro‐cavity on the brightness and the contrast of an IR image.
Abstract PR-3: Antitumor efficacy on glioma models of the dual CDK/TRKA inhibitor PHA-848125, able to cross the blood brain barrier (2009)

Abstract Malignant gliomas, the most common primary brain tumors, are highly invasive and neurologically destructive tumors with very poor prognosis due to the impossibility of removing tumor tissue completely by surgery and the limited activity of therapeutic agents. PHA-848125 is a dual CDKs and TRKA inhibitor and is therefore potentially active against two major pathways involved in glioma pathogenesis: signaling mediated by tyrosine kinase growth factor receptors and control of G1-S phase progression of the cell cycle. PHA-848125 has demonstrated good antitumor activity in many preclinical tumor models, good tolerability in Phase 1 studies and it is currently undergoing Phase 2 clinical trials. To explore the rationale for pursuing brain tumors as a clinical indication for PHA-848125, we firstly analyzed distribution of the 14C-labeled compound, demonstrating that it is able to efficiently cross the blood brain barrier. Next, we tested in vitro activity of the compound on a panel of glioma cell lines showing that it was able to inhibit cell proliferation (IC50: 1.4–2.5 µM), DNA synthesis (inhibition of BrdU incorporation ranging from 39 to 92 %), cell cycle markers (inhibition of Phospho-pRb, cdc6, cyclin A and cyclin B1 expression) and signal transduction markers (inhibition of Phospho-TRKA, Phospho-MAPK and Phospho-AKT). Significantly, it was also able to induce cell death through autophagy (mainly in cells with functional Retinoblastoma protein) or apoptosis (in cells with disrupted Retinoblastoma pathway). Antitumor efficacy in vivo was evaluated both in subcutaneous and intracranially implanted tumors. PHA-848125 showed significant antitumor efficacy by oral route: tumor growth inhibition of 71% and 80% on U87MG and U251 subcutaneous xenograft models, respectively and a 30% increase in survival time in the intracranial U251 model. Finally, in the U87MG xenograft model, the combination of PHA-848125 with temozolomide resulted in a synergistic effect and a clear therapeutic gain was also observed with a triple treatment adding PHA-848125 to radiotherapy and temozolomide. In conclusion, preclinical data obtained to date suggest that PHA-848125 may become a useful agent in chemotherapy regimens for glioma patients and support its evaluation in Phase 2 trials for this indication. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):PR-3.
Co-design for tunability of a Bulk Acoustic Wave filters with 65nm CMOS switch (2011)

This paper presents a method to reconfigure Bulk Acoustic Wave-Solidly Mounted Resonator (BAW-SMR) filters. It shows the effect of the gate voltage which controls the filter bandwidth with MOS transistors. This method is applied to filters operating in the W-CDMA (2.11-2.17 GHz) communication standard. Experimental results show a tuning range of 9MHz, whereas 12MHz of tuning range was achieved in the simulation.
Optimising the management of allergic rhinitis: an Australian perspective (2005)

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most prevalent medical conditions. It has significant effects on quality of life and can have considerable socioeconomic effects. The traditional classification of perennial and seasonal rhinitis does not distinguish between provoking factors, nor does it indicate the most appropriate treatment. A more useful classification is based on symptoms, which may be intermittent or persistent, and vary widely in severity. The goal of management is to achieve optimal symptom control. Therapeutic options include allergen avoidance, pharmacotherapy and immunotherapy. Antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids (INCS) have become the cornerstones of therapy. A variety of effective treatments are available for consumers to self-select, without the advice of a doctor or pharmacist. INCS are widely recognised as the most effective pharmacotherapy for AR, in both adults and children. The efficacy of various preparations is similar, but those with low systemic bioavailability are preferred for children and for patients who are also receiving inhaled, topical or systemic corticosteroids.
Deep Learning for RNA Synthetic Biology (2019)

Abstract Engineered RNA elements are programmable tools capable of detecting small molecules, proteins, and nucleic acids. Predicting the behavior of these tools remains a challenge, a situation that could be addressed through enhanced pattern recognition from deep learning. Thus, we investigate Deep Neural Networks (DNN) to predict toehold switch function as a canonical riboswitch model in synthetic biology. To facilitate DNN training, we synthesized and characterized in vivo a dataset of 91,534 toehold switches spanning 23 viral genomes and 906 human transcription factors. DNNs trained on nucleotide sequences outperformed (R 2 =0.43-0.70) previous state-of-the-art thermodynamic and kinetic models (R 2 =0.04-0.15) and allowed for human-understandable attention-visualizations (VIS4Map) to identify success and failure modes. This deep learning approach constitutes a major step forward in engineering and understanding of RNA synthetic biology. One Sentence Summary Deep neural networks are used to improve functionality prediction and provide insights on toehold switches as a model for RNA synthetic biology tools.
Electrochemical Reduction of CO2 Catalyzed by Fe-N-C Materials: A Structure–Selectivity Study (2017)

Selective electrochemical reduction of CO2 into energy-dense organic compounds is a promising strategy for using CO2 as a carbon source. Herein, we investigate a series of iron-based catalysts synthesized by pyrolysis of Fe-, N-, and C-containing precursors for the electroreduction of CO2 to CO under aqueous conditions and demonstrate that the selectivity of these materials for CO2 reduction over proton reduction is governed by the ratio of isolated FeN4 sites vs Fe-based nanoparticles. This ratio can be synthetically tuned to generate electrocatalysts producing controlled CO/H2 ratios. It notably allows preparing materials containing only FeN4 sites, which are able to selectively reduce CO2 to CO in aqueous solution with Faradaic yields of over 90% and at low overpotential.
Synthetic osteochondral replacement of the femoral articular surface (1997)

We have studied damage to the tibial articular surface after replacement of the femoral surface in dogs. We inserted pairs of implants made of alumina, titanium and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel on titanium fibre mesh into the femoral condyles. The two hard materials caused marked pathological changes in the articular cartilage and menisci, but the hydrogel composite replacement caused minimal damage. The composite osteochondral device became rapidly attached to host bone by ingrowth into the supporting mesh. We discuss the clinical implications of the possible use of this material in articular resurfacing and joint replacement.
SOI-Supported Microdevice for Hydrogen Purification Using Palladium–Silver Membranes (2010)

High-purity hydrogen continues to receive attention as a promising energy source for fuel cells in portable power applications. On-demand hydrogen generation via fuel reforming offers a convenient alternative to hydrogen storage, but the concomitant CO generation is deleterious to the fuel cell catalyst. Of the possible hydrogen purification options, palladium membranes allow a compact design suitable for portable applications. We present a micromembrane device built in silicon-on-insulator wafers for hydrogen purification. The design imparts structural stability to a submicrometer-thick palladium-silver membrane, enabling hydrogen purification at higher pressures than were tolerated by previous devices with supported thin palladium membranes. The devices are manufactured using bulk micromachining techniques including photolithography, plasma, and wet etching. They are operated at pressures up to 2 atm with a correspondingly enhanced hydrogen flux. In particular, thin (200 nm) palladium-silver membrane yield high permeation rates of up to 50 mol/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /s at 350°C . The different transport resistances controlling hydrogen permeation in the micromembrane system are evaluated.
Deeply-Etched MEMS Slotted Micromirrors With Controlled Transmittance (2017)

In this paper, we report the analysis, fabrication, and characterization of metallized slotted micromirrors for optical MEMS applications. A scalar model for the transmittance of the micromirror with a vertical slit using Gaussian beam analysis is developed and a closed-form expression is obtained. Detailed finite difference time domain simulation is carried out for the micromirror transmittance to understand the effect of polarization and bench mark the developed model for slit width-to-wavelength ratios in the range 0 to 8. A MEMS chip is designed comprising fiber grooves and variable slit micromirror controlled by a comb-drive actuator. The chip is fabricated using deep reactive ion etching of silicon-on-insulator substrate with 100-μm device layer height. The motion of the actuator is characterized using an opto-mechanical technique and the transmittance of the micromirror for different incident polarizations is extracted versus the slit width and compared with the theoretical predictions showing good agreement.
Clinical Outcomes of Cervical Spinal Surgery for Cervical Myelopathic Patients With Coexisting Lumbar Spinal Canal Stenosis (Tandem Spinal Stenosis) (2017)

4.
Polyamide Nanofiber-Based Air Filters for Transparent Face Masks (2021)

Transparent face masks are the ultimate solution for improving communication during pandemic times while at the same time slowing the spread of pathogens. Here, we demonstrate an easily scalable process consisting of directly electrospinning polyamide nanofibers onto a mechanical stable substrate made of poly(lactic acid) by a needleless setup for the production of transparent filter material. Filtration tests against NaCl and fructose aerosols and pressure drop tests were performed and compared with the European standard for medical face masks (EN 14683:2019) and the Swiss rule for community masks (SNR 30000:2021). The filter showed outstanding transparency (∼70% transmittance in the visible-light range), 89% filtration efficiency against PM1.0, and a pressure drop of 6.5 Pa/cm2.
Determining Electromagnetic Exposure Compliance of Multi-Antenna Devices in Linear Time (2019)

Electromagnetic exposure metrics such as specific absorption rate (SAR) are used to assess the user safety of portable wireless devices under all transmitting conditions. When there are multiple transmitter chains operating at a single frequency, the process of determining compliance is complicated by the fact that testing needs to cover all possible combinations of transmissions from all antennas. For N antennas, the number of possible distinct transmitted signals can grow quickly with N. We propose a compliance test whose measurement time burden is linear in N, independently of the number or type of transmitted signals. For N ≥ 3 antennas, the proposed test requires 7N - 12 excitations and corresponding measurements per probe location. Using analysis, simulations, and measurements with SAR compliance tools, we establish the accuracy of the method as compared with exhaustive measurements over all possible transmitted signals. The method is useful in evaluating the compliance of portable devices that use codebooks or beamforming as part of their transmission capabilities.
Tetracyanoresorcin[4]arene selectively recognises trimethyllysine and inhibits its enzyme-catalysed demethylation (2016)

Nε-methylation of lysine within proteins is a critical biological process that, among other roles, is involved in the control of gene expression. Compounds that recognise Nε-methylated lysine may therefore be useful probes for the study of the associated biological mechanisms and have therapeutic potential. Here, we show that tetracyanoresorcin[4]arene (1) selectively recognises Nε-trimethyllysine and binds to Nε-trimethyllysine within the context of a short peptide. Its binding properties compare favourably to a previously characterised Nε-trimethyllysine binder, p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene (2). We also show that both 1 and 2 inhibit the demethylation of Nε-trimethyllysine within a histone-derived peptide by the histone demethylase KDM4A.
ChemInform Abstract: PIPERSCHES MODELL DER OPTISCHEN AKTIVITAET, STRUKTUR UND ABSOLUTE KONFIG. VON (+)(5461)‐BIS‐(TRIBENZO(B,F,J)(1,5,9)TRIAZACYCLODODECIN)‐KOBALT(III)‐JODID (1970)

Abstract Die Selbstkondensation des Aldehyds (I) in Gegenwart von Co‐Ionen führt zur Bildung des Co‐Komplexes (IIa) (Ausbeute 50%), von dem zwei geometrische Isomere isoliert werden, die durch fraktionierte Kristallisation getrennt werden können.
Paracrine factors produced by bone marrow stromal cells induce apoptosis in LNCaP and C4-2B prostate cancer cells (2007)

2780 Preferential metastasis of human prostate cancer cells to bone marrow contributes to disease mortality and morbidity. Local factors present in the bone stromal extracellular matrix microenvironment affect tumor growth through paracrine interactions between tumor and stromal cells. We studied the interactions between prostate cancer and bone stromal cells using three prostate cancer cell lines: PC3, LNCaP, and the LNCaP derivative subline, C4-2B. Co-culture of LNCaP and C4-2B cells with the bone marrow stromal cell lines, HS27a and HS5, decreased cell number, as did culture with conditioned medium (CM) harvested from these two bone stromal cell lines suggesting a soluble paracrine factor was responsible. PC3 cell growth was not affected. Interestingly, CM harvested from bone stromal cell lines triggered apoptosis in LNCaP and C4-2B cell lines, but not in PC3 cells. Surviving prostate cancer cells grown in bone stromal cell CM over several days were growth arrested, suggesting the presence of a growth inhibitor. Apoptosis induced by CM was dose dependent. Flow cytometry demonstrated that over a five day culture period in stromal cell CM, LNCaP and C4-2B cell lines, but not PC3, underwent considerably more apoptosis compared to parallel cultures grown in serum free medium. The LNCaP and C42B cells also showed morphology changes after exposure to stromal cell CM. These results suggest that the bone stromal microenvironment is initially hostile to prostate cancer cells resulting in cancer cell apoptosis. Activation of survival pathways in a subset of apoptotic resistant cells may support phenotypic adaptation during disease progression in bone, eventually favoring the osteoblastic transformation characteristic of prostate cancer. Supported by NIH/ NCI (P01 CA098912) and DOD (W81XWH-04-1-0919).
Unitizations of double-ring structure and Erbium-doped waveguide amplifier for stable and tunable fiber laser (2007)

We propose and demonstrate experimentally a single-longitudinal-mode (SLM) fiber double-ring laser using an Erbium-doped waveguide amplifier (EDWA), polarization controller (PC), and a fiber Fabry-Perot tunable filter (FFP-TF) into the ring cavity. In addition, the output power, side-mode suppression ratio (SMSR), and the stabilities of power and wavelength of the laser also are investigated.
InGaAs/InP negative-feedback avalanche diodes (NFADs) and solid state photomultipliers (SSPMs) (2012)

Due to the inherent positive feedback mechanism involved in the impact ionization avalanche process, InGaAs/InP single photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs) have historically exhibited certain shortcomings such as low counting rate and inability to resolve photon number. To overcome some of the performance limitations of regular SPADs, we have developed negative feedback avalanche diodes (NFADs) which employ a negative feedback mechanism to regulate the avalanche process. The fabrication process of NFADs is flexible and is based on our design platform used to provide industry-leading SPAD performance. The operation of NFAD devices is also very simple, with only a DC bias is required. Various discrete devices and matrices composed of different elements have been designed, fabricated and characterized. For discrete devices, ~10% photon detection efficiency has been realized consistent with acceptable afterpulsing probability, providing a convenient photon-counting solution for certain applications. The negative feedback mechanism significantly improves the uniformity of the output pulse heights and avalanche charge per detection event, resulting in a low "charge excess noise" factor. We demonstrate that when NFAD devices are configured in a matrix format, they have the ability to resolve photon number and work effectively as solid state photomultipliers (SSPMs) in the short wave infrared (SWIR) region. The InGaAs/InP NFAD SSPMs will have the potential to replace photomultiplier tubes and silicon photomultiplier (SiPMs) in applications where single photon sensitivity in the SWIR region beyond ~0.9 &mu;m is critical.
<title>Performance evaluation of a holographic optical neural network system</title> (1993)

One of the most outstanding properties of artificial neural networks is their capability for massive interconnection and parallel processing. Recently, specialized electronic neural network processors and VLSI neural chips have been introduced to the commercial market. The number of parallel channels they can handle is limited because of the limited parallel interconnections number with one-dimensional (1-D) electronic wires. High resolution pattern recognition problems may require a large number of neurons for parallel processing of the image. The holographic optical neural network (HONN) based on high resolution volume holographic materials is capable of providing 3-D massive parallel interconnection of tens of thousand of neurons. A HONN with 3600 neurons, contained in a portable briefcase, has been developed. Rotation-shift-scale invariant pattern recognition operations have been demonstrated with this system. System parameters, such as signal-to-noise ratio, dynamic range, and processing speed, will be discussed.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
ChemInform Abstract: Imidazole Derivatives. Part 18. 1,3,4,5‐Tetramethyl‐2‐ methylenimidazoline ‐ An Olefin with Ylidic Properties. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A System with Intelligent Editing for Extracting Ridge and Ravine Terrain Features (2005)

We describe a system for extracting ridges and ravines from elevation data. The application context is a map-based military planning tool which allows users to select ridges and ravines by simple mouse clicks. The extracted terrain features are complete in the application-specific sense that they conform to what our users expect a single ridge or ravine to look like. Supervision is supported by a graphical user interface, which allows an analyst to modify algorithm parameters as well as perform intelligent mouse-based editing operations. Among similar existing systems, ours is unique in that it focuses on the three classically difficult operations of (1) combining partial features, (2) splitting multiply-connected features, and (3) removing micro-terrain features for extracting high-level structure from classified pixels.
Modeling and Design of BAW Resonators and Filters for Integration in a UMTS Transmitter (2013)

© 2013 Chatras et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Modeling and Design of BAW Resonators and Filters for Integration in a UMTS Transmitter
A clinicopathological correlation study of cognitive status and senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in clinically well‐characterized individuals of extreme old age (2008)

We describe the distribution of senile plaques (SP) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) in a series of 34 brain specimens derived from 90+ year‐old individuals (see table below) who had been systematically evaluated for cognitive function with the final assessments expressed using the Clinical Dementia Rating score (CDR; mean 2.62, SD ±1.27, range 0–5). We determined the extent of SP as a mean density of 5 neocortical areas and of NFT using aggregate density assessments in neocortex, hippocampus and entorhinal cortex. Due to the relatively small sample, we grouped the cases into normal to mild/moderate dementia and severe dementia as follows, and used the Wilcoxon Two‐Sample Test to compare the two groups. Although our sample size is relatively small, there was a statistically significant positive correlation between the extent of dementia (in CDR scores) and SP density score (one sided p=0.011), but not for the NFT density score (one sided p=0.076). This study is ongoing with the hope providing further insights on correlates for both normal cognitive function and dementia in additional prospectively evaluated subjects of extreme old age. Supported by NIH grants PO1 AG‐02219 and P50 AG‐05138
An Implementation of QR Code based On-line Mobile Augmented Reality System (2012)

본 논문에서는 제품에 삽입된 QR코드를 사용해 제품의 상세한 정보를 제공해주는 모바일 증강현실 시스템을 제안한다. 본 시스템에서는 마커기반의 자세 추정 기법과 마커리스 기반의 기법을 함께 적용하여 보다 강인한 카메라 자세 추정을 수행한다. QR코드가 근거리에 있거나, QR코드 전체가 영상 내에 들어올 경우에는 QR코드 내/외부의 사각형 집합을 추적하여 카메라 자세를 추정한다. 하지만, 영상 내에서 마커가 사라지거나, 모바일 기기가 QR코드 식별이 힘든 먼 거리에 위치할 경우 프레임간의 호모그래피에 기반을 둔 카메라 자세 보정을 수행한다. 또한 제안된 시스템은 증강현실 콘텐츠 제작을 위해서 메타데이터를 사용함으로서 사용자가 프로그램 수정 없이 메타데이터 파일을 작성하는 것만으로 다양한 시나리오의 콘텐츠를 제작 및 수정하는 것이 가능하다. 특히 증강현실 콘텐츠 가시화를 위한 메타데이터와 미디어 파일을 온라인 서버를 통해 항상 최신의 상태로 전송받을 수 있기 때문에 프로그램 업데이트와 같은 불필요한 작업을 최소화할 수 있다. This paper proposes a mobile augmented reality system to provide detail information of the products using QR code included in them. In the proposed system, we perform the estimation of the camera pose using both of marker-based and markerless-based methods. If the camera can see the QR code, we perform the estimation of the camera pose using the set of rectangles in the QR code. However, if the QR code is out of sight, we perform the estimation of the camera pose based homography between consecutive frames. Moreover, the content of the augmented reality in the proposed system is made by using meta-data. Therefore, the user can make contents of various scenario using only meta-data file without modification of our system. Especially, our system maintains the contents as newly updated state by the on-line server. Thus, it can reduce the unnecessary update of the program.