gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Type 1 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Mediates Glucocorticoid Activation and Insulin Release in Pancreatic Islets (2000)

Metabolic transformation of glucocorticoid hormones constitutes a determinant of their cell-specific effects. The most important reaction for this class of steroids is the reversible C11 keto/beta-hydroxyl conversion between receptor-binding 11beta-OH steroids and the nonbinding 11-oxo compounds, carried out by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (11beta-HSDs). In this study, we determined the role of glucocorticoid conversion by 11beta-HSD in pancreatic islets and its function in the regulation of insulin release. Pancreatic islets isolated from ob/ob mice display type 1 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity, i.e. in intact cells the reductive reaction prevails, leading from dehydrocorticosterone to corticosterone. Expression of type 1 11beta-HSD mRNA was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction in islets isolated from ob/ob mice and also from human tissue. Incubation of beta-cells in the presence of 11-dehydrocorticosterone leads to a dose-dependent inhibition of insulin release, indicating cellular activation of 11-dehydrocorticosterone to the receptor ligand, further confirmed by reporter gene assays. Inhibition of 11beta-HSD activity by carbenoxolone reverses inhibition of insulin release. The presence of 11beta-HSD in islets supports the concept that reactivation of inert circulating hormone precursors in a cell-specific manner plays a major role in glucocorticoid physiology in rodents and man.
Effect modification of kitchen ventilation on the associations of solid fuel use and long‐duration cooking with the increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms: The Henan Rural Cohort Study (2022)

Although solid fuel use for cooking is linked to an increased risk for depression, there is limited evidence on the effects of cooking duration and kitchen ventilation on these associations in rural areas. Among 29 903 participants from the Henan Rural Cohort, the independent and combined associations of cooking fuel type, cooking duration, and kitchen ventilation with depressive and anxiety symptoms were examined by logistic regression models and restricted cubic spline. The adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of solid fuel use for depressive and anxiety symptoms were 1.237 (1.041, 1.469) and 1.384 (1.153, 1.662), respectively. Increased cooking duration was associated with an increased prevalence of depressive symptoms (aOR: 1.098, 95% CI: 1.033, 1.166) and anxiety symptoms (aOR: 1.074, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.144). Solid fuel use and long-duration cooking associated with increased prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms were only observed in individuals without kitchen ventilation. Kitchen ventilation may attenuate the positive associations of solid fuel use and long-duration cooking with the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms, which suggested popularizing clean fuel and promoting kitchen ventilation may be effective strategies to improve mental health related to household air pollution sourced from solid fuel use and long-duration cooking.
Low noise and stabilized mode-locked diode lasers for arbitrary waveform generation (2008)

Two types of low noise, stabilized mode-locked diode lasers will be discussed, as they pertain to arbitrary waveform generation. The lasers are optimized for either a time-domain or frequency domain architecture for waveform synthesis.
Z-Selective Ethenolysis with a Ruthenium Metathesis Catalyst: Experiment and Theory (2013)

The Z-selective ethenolysis activity of chelated ruthenium metathesis catalysts was investigated with experiment and theory. A five-membered chelated catalyst that was successfully employed in Z-selective cross metathesis reactions has now been found to be highly active for Z-selective ethenolysis at low ethylene pressures, while tolerating a wide variety of functional groups. This phenomenon also affects its activity in cross metathesis reactions and prohibits crossover reactions of internal olefins via trisubstituted ruthenacyclobutane intermediates. In contrast, a related catalyst containing a six-membered chelated architecture is not active for ethenolysis and seems to react through different pathways more reminiscent of previous generations of ruthenium catalysts. Computational investigations of the effects of substitution on relevant transition states and ruthenacyclobutane intermediates revealed that the differences of activities are attributed to the steric repulsions of the anionic ligand with the chelating groups.
Microfluidics in structured multimaterial fibers (2018)

Traditional fabrication techniques for microfluidic devices utilize a planar chip format that possesses limited control over the geometry of and materials placement around microchannel cross-sections. This imposes restrictions on the design of flow fields and external forces (electric, magnetic, piezoelectric, etc.) that can be imposed onto fluids and particles. Here we report a method of fabricating microfluidic channels with complex cross-sections. A scaled-up version of a microchannel is dimensionally reduced through a thermal drawing process, enabling the fabrication of meters-long microfluidic fibers with nonrectangular cross-sectional shapes, such as crosses, five-pointed stars, and crescents. In addition, by codrawing compatible materials, conductive domains can be integrated at arbitrary locations along channel walls. We validate this technology by studying unexplored regimes in hydrodynamic flow and by designing a high-throughput cell separation device. By enabling these degrees of freedom in microfluidic device design, fiber microfluidics provides a method to create microchannel designs that are inaccessible using planar techniques.
Use of ALD thin film Bragg mirror stacks in tuneable visible light MEMS Fabry-Perot interferometers (2012)

This paper discusses the use of ALD thin films as Bragg mirror structure materials in MEMS Fabry-Perot interferometers in the visible spectral range. Utilizing polyimide sacrificial layer in the FPI fabrication process is also presented as an alternative method to allow higher temperature (T= 300 &deg;C) ALD FPI processing. ALD Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> thin films grown at T= 110 &deg;C are optically characterized to determine their performance in the UV - visible range (&lambda;&gt;200nm) and effects of the ALD temperature on the thin film stacks and the FPI process is discussed. Optically simulated 5-layer Bragg mirror stacks consisting of ALD Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> for wavelengths between 420 nm and 1000 nm are presented and corresponding MEMS mirror membrane structures are fabricated at T= 110 &deg;C and tested for their release yield properties. As a result, the applicable wavelength range of the low-temperature ALD FPI technology can be defined.
Application of liquid crystal on silicon spatial light modulator (2015)

A high performance 2D Spatial Light Phase Modulator named LCOS-SLM has been developed for wide range usefulness from basic researches to practical applications. We show the fundamental characteristics of LCOS-SLM device we developed, and introduce the activity examples such as the scientific researches of singular optics, fluorescence microscopy and adaptive optics. We have also applied the device for industrial applications in laser processing and machining, and medical application using adaptive optics system in scanning laser opthalmoscope.
Potentiation of Temozolomide Cytotoxicity by Poly(ADP)Ribose Polymerase Inhibitor ABT-888 Requires a Conversion of Single-Stranded DNA Damages to Double-Stranded DNA Breaks (2008)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) senses DNA breaks and facilitates DNA repair via the polyADP-ribosylation of various DNA binding and repair proteins. We explored the mechanism of potentiation of temozolomide cytotoxicity by the PARP inhibitor ABT-888. We showed that cells treated with temozolomide need to be exposed to ABT-888 for at least 17 to 24 hours to achieve maximal cytotoxicity. The extent of cytotoxicity correlates with the level of double-stranded DNA breaks as indicated by gammaH2AX levels. In synchronized cells, damaging DNA with temozolomide in the presence of ABT-888 during the S phase generated high levels of double-stranded breaks, presumably because the single-stranded DNA breaks resulting from the cleavage of the methylated nucleotides were converted into double-stranded breaks through DNA replication. As a result, treatment of temozolomide and ABT-888 during the S phase leads to higher levels of cytotoxicity. ABT-888 inhibits poly(ADP-ribose) formation in vivo and enhances tumor growth inhibition by temozolomide in multiple models. ABT-888 is well tolerated in animal models. ABT-888 is currently in clinical trials in combination with temozolomide.
Subterahertz Generation by Strong Langmuir Turbulence at Two-Stream Instability of High Current 1-MeV REBs (2010)

The results of investigation for subterahertz radiation emission induced by strong Langmuir turbulence driven by a microsecond relativistic electron beam are presented. The radiation is associated with a plasmon-plasmon merging process, which generates photons at a double plasma frequency in the range of few hundreds GHz
The T-Box Riboswitch: tRNA as an Effector to Modulate Gene Regulation (2018)

The T-box riboswitch is a unique, RNA-based regulatory mechanism that modulates expression of a wide variety of amino acid-related genes, predominantly in <i>Firmicutes</i>. RNAs of this class selectively bind a specific cognate tRNA, utilizing recognition of the tRNA anticodon and other tRNA features. The riboswitch monitors the aminoacylation status of the tRNA to induce expression of the regulated downstream gene(s) at the level of transcription antitermination or derepression of translation initiation in response to reduced tRNA charging via stabilization of an antiterminator or antisequestrator. Recent biochemical and structural studies have revealed new features of tRNA recognition that extend beyond the initially identified Watson-Crick base-pairing of a codon-like sequence in the riboswitch with the tRNA anticodon, and residues in the antiterminator or antisequestrator with the tRNA acceptor end. These studies have revealed new tRNA contacts and new modes of riboswitch function and ligand recognition that expand our understanding of RNA-RNA recognition and the biological roles of tRNA.
Role of transthyretin in the transport of thyroxine from the blood to the choroid plexus, the cerebrospinal fluid, and the brain. (1992)

T4 is bound to transthyretin (TTR; 75%) and albumin (Alb; 25%) in rat serum and only to TTR in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). In addition to the liver, TTR is synthesized in large amounts in the choroid plexus and then secreted into the CSF, suggesting that serum T4 could be transported to the CSF and brain via the choroid plexus. We determined whether serum T4 bound to TTR is transported into the choroid plexus and CSF. N-Bromoacetyl-L-[125I]T4, a derivative of T4 that binds covalently to TTR, was used as the affinity label for the T4-binding site on TTR. Rats were injected with [125I]T4, acetyl-[125I]T4 covalently bound to human TTR ([125I]T4Ac.human hTTR), or acetyl-[125I]T4 covalently bound to human Alb ([125I]T4Ac.hAlb). The quantities of [125I]T4Ac.hTTR and [125I]T4Ac.hAlb present in the choroid plexus, CSF, and brain 90 min later were barely detectable. In contrast, [125I]T4 injected as the unbound form accumulated in the choroid plexus and CSF to levels 6-11 times higher than with [125I]T4Ac.hTTR (P less than 0.005). We then used a synthetic flavonoid (EMD) that competitively inhibits binding of T4 to serum TTR and transiently increases serum free T4 to determine the role of choroid plexus TTR and CSF TTR in the transport of T4 from serum to brain. Rats were given 110 microCi [125I]T4 15 min after the injection of vehicle, a low (0.3 mumol/100 g BW) or high dose of EMD (2.0 mumol/100 g BW). Rats were killed 60 min later. In serum, the percentage of [125I]T4 bound to TTR decreased and free T4 increased similarly in the low and high dose EMD-treated rats. In contrast, the percentage of [125I]T4 bound to TTR in choroid plexus and, subsequently, CSF was significantly decreased in rats given the high dose of EMD, but was not affected by the low dose of EMD, suggesting that in high doses, EMD crossed from serum to choroid plexus and CSF and occupied TTR-binding sites for T4. There was a significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in the percentage of injected [125I]T4 in the high dose vs. the low dose EMD-treated rats in total choroid plexus (61%), 1 ml CSF (94%), and 1 g cerebral cortex (46%) and cerebellum (46%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Utility of VasoCT in the treatment of intracranial aneurysm with flow-diverter stents (2012)

The authors found that VasoCT provides clear visualization of flow-diverter stents. The images obtained both intraarterially and intravenously are very promising. The initial results provide a high confidence and reproducibility rate for further utilization of this new technique.
A mm-Scale Aeroelastic Oscillation-Based Anemometer (2012)

By combining the aeroelastic and vortex-forced flutter modes of a thin plastic strip, its oscillation frequency can be confined to scale monotonically with fluid velocity. This principle has been used to produce a low-cost, mm-scale anemometer that measures air speed to ±(5% + 0.5m/s) from 1–18m/s. The device uses a 2mm slot-type photointerrupt detector to monitor the fundamental frequency of a 7μm thick Kapton strip suspended parallel to air flow. This paper describes the prototype and three of the experiments that informed its design. These investigated the effect of a bluff body on flutter onset velocity, the effect of filament geometry on bending position, and the effect of the superposition of the vortex-forced and aeroelastic flutter modes on discretely-measured flutter frequency. The experiments demonstrate that a trapezoidal filament in the wake of a similarly-sized bluff body is well-suited for this novel flow measurement strategy.
A new nuclear magnetic resonance property of lung (1985)

Inflated lung has a nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) free-induction decay (FID) which is short compared with that of collapsed lung and those of other body tissues. An almost identically short FID is obtained from a slurry of 5-micron alumina particles in water. Interfaces between air and water in lung and between alumina and water in the slurry appear to be the source of spatial internal magnetic inhomogeneities which produce NMR line broadening and the short FID. Paired images that included lung, taken with paired symmetric and asymmetric NMR spin-echo sequences, permit the generation of an image, by subtraction, of the lung isolated from surrounding tissue. These new lung images are neither proton density, T1 (spin-lattice relaxation time), nor T2 (spin-spin relaxation time) images. They complement current NMR images and provide information about regional lung inflation. This previously unrecognized NMR property of lung tissue has potential application in NMR imaging, in quantitative determination of lung water and its distribution, and in the quantitation of regional lung inflation.
Effects of path-length errors on external-cavity semiconductor laser arrays (1992)

The frequency locking range of a laser diode array was experimentally determined. A one-dimensional array of seven lasers was phase-locked by placing it in an external optical cavity to establish coupling between the lasers. It was found that the experimental frequency locking range was four times greater than the theoretical locking range. The large experimental locking range demonstrates that there appears to be a greater tolerance of path-length errors in phase-locked laser arrays than the theory had earlier implied.
A New Synthesis of Alkyl-N,N-dinitramines by Direct Nitration of Isocyanates (1991)

Abstract A facile conversion of aliphatic isocyanates to N,N-dinitramines has been developed. An aliphatic isocyanate is treated with a mixture of nitronium fluoroborate and nitric acid in acetonitrile giving fair yields and simplifing the existing synthesis.
Components of a successful community-based exercise program for individuals with Parkinson’s disease: Results from a participant survey (2022)

Regardless of demographic variables and disease severity, PwPD who attended a PFP program enjoyed the class, felt that their PD symptoms benefited from exercise, and were motivated to exercise by their PD diagnosis. Factors such as location of the gym, cost, and transportation were important. With the growing body of PD literature supporting the role of exercise in potentially altering the disease trajectory, it is critical that communities adopt and implement exercise programs that meet the needs of PwPD and facilitate compliance.
Generation of Spatially Coherent Light at Extreme Ultraviolet Wavelengths (2002)

We present spatial coherence measurements of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light generated through the process of high-harmonic up-conversion of a femtosecond laser. With a phase-matched hollow-fiber geometry, the generated beam was found to exhibit essentially full spatial coherence. The coherence of this laser-like EUV source was shown by recording Gabor holograms of small objects. This work demonstrates the capability to perform EUV holography with a tabletop experimental setup. Such an EUV source, with low divergence and high spatial coherence, can be used for experiments involving high-precision metrology, inspection of optical components for EUV lithography, and microscopy and holography with nanometer resolution. Furthermore, the short time duration of the EUV radiation (a few femtoseconds) will enable EUV microscopy and holography to be performed with ultrahigh time resolution.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Combining Oncolytic HSV-1 with Immunogenic Cell Death-Inducing Drug Mitoxantrone Breaks Cancer Immune Tolerance and Improves Therapeutic Efficacy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 463K, Supplementary figure 2. Percent survival and fold changes in tumor volume after treatment with KM100 and/or 1 microM MTX&lt;/p&gt;
Boosting Power‐Generating Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators via Artificial Control of Ferroelectric Polarization and Dielectric Properties (2016)

Low output current represents a critical challenge that has interrupted the use of triboelectric nanogenerators (TNGs) in a wide range of applications as sustainable power sources. Many approaches (e.g., operation at high frequency, parallel stacks of individual devices, and hybridization with other energy harvesters) remain limited in solving the challenge of low output current from TNGs. Here, a nanocomposite material system having a superior surface charge density as a triboelectric active material is reported. The nanocomposite material consists of a high dielectric ceramic material, barium titanate, showing great charge‐trapping capability, together with a ferroelectric copolymer matrix, Poly(vinylidenefluoride‐co‐trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF‐TrFE)), with electrically manipulated polarization with strong triboelectric charge transfer characteristics. Based on a contact potential difference study showing that poled P(VDF‐TrFE) has 18 times higher charge attracting properties, a fraction between two components is optimized. Boosting power‐generating performance is achieved for 1130 V of output voltage and 1.5 mA of output current with this ferroelectric composite‐based TNG, under 6 kgf of pushing force at 5 Hz. An enormously faster charging property than traditional polymer film‐based TNGs is demonstrated in this study. Finally, the charging of a self‐powering smartwatch with a charging management circuit system with no external power sources is demonstrated successfully.
Aflatoxin B1 formamidopyrimidine adducts are preferentially repaired by the nucleotide excision repair pathway in vivo (2004)

Aflatoxin B(1) (AFB(1)), the most potent member of the aflatoxin family of hepatocarcinogens, upon metabolic activation reacts with DNA and forms a population of covalent adducts. The most prevalent adduct, 8,9-dihydro-8-(N(7)-guanyl-)-9-hydroxyaflatoxin (AFB(1)-N(7)-dG), as well as the AFB(1) formamidopyrimidine adduct (AFB(1)-FAPY), resulting from imidazole ring opening of the major adduct, are thought to be responsible for mutations caused by AFB(1). The AFB(1)-N(7)-dG lesions are rapidly removed in Escherichia coli and mammals, whereas the AFB(1)-FAPY lesions persist in mammalian cells, which along with the higher stability of this lesion suggests that AFB(1)-FAPY might significantly contribute to the observed toxicity and carcinogenicity of AFB(1) in higher organisms. Other workers have shown in vitro evidence that AFB(1)-FAPY lesions are substrates for both nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER). The present study, done in vivo, utilized a modified host cell reactivation assay and showed that AFB(1)-FAPY lesions are preferentially repaired in E.coli by NER. Comparisons of repair in wild-type, NER-deficient (uvrA), BER-deficient (mutM) and NER/BER double mutant E.coli strains transformed with plasmids enriched for AFB(1)-N(7)-dG or AFB(1)-FAPY lesions indicate that both lesions are efficiently repaired by NER-proficient cells (both wild-type and BER-deficient strains). We have found that the level of activity of the reporter gene is significantly affected by the presence of either lesion in NER-deficient strains due to the lack of repair. This effect is similar in NER-deficient and NER/BER-deficient strains indicating that BER (specifically in the strains we investigated) does not contribute significantly to the repair of these lesions in vivo. Consistent with this finding, in vitro analysis of AFB(1)-FAPY adduct excision by purified MutM and its functional analog human 8-oxoguanine DNA glycosylase using site-specifically modified oligonucleotides indicates that this lesion is a poor substrate for both proteins compared with canonical substrates for these enzymes, such as 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine and methylformamidopyrimidine.
On the use of morphological analysis for dialectal Arabic speech recognition (2006)

Arabic has a large number of affixes that can modify a stem to form words. In automatic speech recognition (ASR) this leads to a high out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rate for typical lexicon size, and hence a potential increase in WER. This is even more pronounced for dialects of Arabic where additional affixes are often introduced and the available data is typically sparse. To address this problem we introduce a simple word decomposition algorithm which only requires a text corpus and a predefined list of affixes. Using this algorithm to create the lexicon for Iraqi Arabic ASR results in about 10% relative improvement in word error rate (WER). Also using the union of the segmented and unsegmented vocabularies and interpolating the corresponding language models results in further WER reduction. The net WER improvement is about 13%.