gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bearing-only acoustic tracking of moving speakers for robot audition (2015)

This paper focuses on speaker tracking in robot audition for human-robot interaction. Using only acoustic signals, speaker tracking in enclosed spaces is subject to missing detections and spurious clutter measurements due to speech inactivity, reverberation and interference. Furthermore, many acoustic localization approaches estimate speaker direction, hence providing bearing-only measurements without range information. This paper presents a probability hypothesis density (PHD) tracker that augments the bearing-only speaker directions of arrival with a cloud of range hypotheses at speaker initiation and propagates the random variates through time. Furthermore, due to their formulation PHD filters explicitly model, and hence provide robustness against, clutter and missing detections. The approach is verified using experimental results.
Clinical results of stereotactic heavy-charged-particles radiosurgery for intracranial arteriovenous malformations (1989)

At Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory, we have developed the method of stereotactic heavy-charged-particle (helium-ion) Bragg peak radiosurgery for treatment of surgically-inaccessible intracranial arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). This report describes patient selection, treatment method, clinical and neuroradiologic results and complications encountered in 322 patients since 1980. 7 refs., 3 figs.
Illumination change robustness in direct visual SLAM (2017)

Direct visual odometry and Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) methods determine camera poses by means of direct image alignment. This optimizes a photometric cost term based on the Lucas-Kanade method. Many recent works use the brightness constancy assumption in the alignment cost formulation and therefore cannot cope with significant illumination changes. Such changes are especially likely to occur for loop closures in SLAM. Alternatives exist which attempt to match images more robustly. In our paper, we perform a systematic evaluation of real-time capable methods. We determine their accuracy and robustness in the context of odometry and of loop closures, both on real images as well as synthetic datasets with simulated lighting changes. We find that for real images, a Census-based method outperforms the others. We make our new datasets available online.
T-regulatory cells and vaccination “pay attention and do not neglect them”: Lessons from HIV and cancer vaccine trials (2020)

Efficient vaccines are characterized by the establishment of long-lived memory T cells, including T-helper (effectors and follicular) and T-regulatory cells (Tregs). While the former induces cytotoxic or antibody responses, the latter regulates immune responses by maintaining homeostasis. The role of Tregs in inflammatory conditions is ambiguous and their systematic monitoring in vaccination along with effector T-cells is not instinctive. Recent studies from the cancer field clearly showed that Tregs suppress vaccine-induced immune responses and correlate with poor clinical benefit. In HIV infection, Tregs are needed during acute infection to preserve tissue integrity from an overwhelmed activation, but are not beneficial in chronic infection as they suppress anti-HIV responses. Current assays used to evaluate vaccine-induced specific responses are limited as they do not take into account antigen-specific Tregs. However, new assays, such as the OX40 assay, which allow for the simultaneous detection of a full range of Th-responses including antigen-specific Tregs responses, can overcome these issues. In this review article we will revise the role of Tregs in vaccination and review the recent work performed in the field, including the available tools to monitor them, from novel assays to humanized mouse models.
Device-dependent image construction for computer graphics (1989)

All computer-generated images are displayed by intensifying pixels on a display. Each pixel, which extends spatially and temporally, has two relevant properties: its position and its intensity profile. The interaction between position and image quality, which can produce the aliasing of high frequencies onto low ones, has been extensively explored and very successful treatments for the resulting artifacts are well known. There is little practical understanding of the interaction between intensity profile and image quality.
This thesis examines the interaction between pixel intensity profiles and image quality, taking into account the spatiotemporal characteristics of the human visual system. The interaction is examined by considering the general problem; given a device with given pixel locations and intensity profiles, what is the set of intensity values that best represents a given spatiotemporal image. Within the restricted but practical case in which pixel locations are periodic in space and time and pixel intensity profiles are identical, two solution techniques are explored. One directly minimizes discrepancies between the desired image and an image generated by a display device. The other chooses pixel intensities to minimize differences in the Fourier domain, with the differences weighted by the corresponding sensitivities of the human visual system.
These two techniques are explored in detail for pixels with an exponential temporal intensity profile and a Gaussian spatial profile. Each method is examined in several different norms with pixel intensities constrained and unconstrained. (Constraints are relevant because the contrast possible using unconstrained fitting is very restricted for some devices.) These results are calculated assuming temporal degrees of freedom independent of the spatial ones. Under the same assumption, the spatial intensity profiles were examined. Throughout these calculations, algorithms that manipulate circulant matrices provide a computationally effective means for determining pixel intensities. When spatial and temporal degrees of freedom are taken together these algorithms can no longer be used because the spatial and temporal responses of the human visual system are not separable. Since solutions require use of less efficient numerical methods, the emphasis in that part of the thesis is on differences between the unseparated solutions and those that are produced using separable approximations.
High performance and low level of image sticking fringe field switching mode liquid crystal display with photo-alignment layers (2019)

A novel photo-alignment fringe field switching mode liquid crystal display (PA-FFS-LCD) with a wide nematic temperature range from −40 °C to 95 °C was developed. The new developed PA-FFS-LCD shows fast gray-to-gray response time (<20 ms at 25 °C and < 300 ms at −30 °C), wide viewing angle, and high contrast ratio about 1600 owing to use an isomerization-type photo-alignment material. Image sticking was not recognized owing to a suitable arrangement of pixel and common electrodes.
Consent as a Foundation for Responsible Autonomy (2022)

This paper focuses on a dynamic aspect of responsible autonomy, namely, to make intelligent agents be responsible at run time. That is, it considers settings where decision making by agents impinges upon the outcomes perceived by other agents. For an agent to act responsibly, it must accommodate the desires and other attitudes of its users and, through other agents, of their users. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, it provides a conceptual analysis of consent, its benefits and misuses, and how understanding consent can help achieve responsible autonomy. Second, it outlines challenges for AI (in particular, for agents and multiagent systems) that merit investigation to form as a basis for modeling consent in multiagent systems and applying consent to achieve responsible autonomy.
THERMOREVERSIBLE CROSS-LINKING OF RUBBER COMPOUNDS: FROM PROOF-OF-CONCEPT TOWARD AN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS (2018)

ABSTRACT It is demonstrated that the concept of thermoreversible cross-linking of functionalized maleic anhydride grafted ethylene–propylene (EPM-g-MA) rubber using Diels–Alder chemistry is limited neither to laboratory scale using a solvent route nor to gum rubber. The use of an internal mixer is the first step toward an industrial process, since it greatly reduces the processing time and allows for a solventless process for the furan-functionalization and subsequent bismaleimide cross-linking of EPM rubber. Practical rubber compounds were prepared by mixing thermoreversibly cross-linked EPM with carbon black and mineral oil in the same batch mixer. This resulted in reinforcement of the rubber without affecting the thermoreversible character of the cross-linking. The pendant furan groups of the (non)cross-linked EPM-g-furan interact with the carbon black filler. Finally, crystalline EPM rubber compounds were prepared, which show excellent material properties and property retention over multiple reprocessing cycles.
Hosting Various Guests Including Fullerenes and Free Radicals in Versatile Organic Paramagnetic bTbk Open Frameworks (2013)

The dinitroxide bis(TEMPO) bisketal (bTbk) was shown to crystallize into open frameworks whose structures were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. We show that bTbk can be used as a supramolecular building block for the hosting of a plethora of guests inside the 1D channels of its paramagnetic framework, including other radicals such as TEMPO or 2-azaadamantane-N-oxyl. C60 and C70 were also found to be easily included in this open framework during its crystallization. This resulted in well-defined, nanostructured assemblies of composite radical crystals (bTbk/toluene/C60 or C70) or (bTbk/toluene/TEMPO) by a very simple dissolution/crystallization process with tunable guest content. Selective C60 extraction was also demonstrated directly from fullerene soot.
Mechanical Engineering in Stimulating Well Production in the Oilfield (2013)

A mechanical oil field engineer could very well be the most diverse position within the industry. Various tasks, such as entering a wellbore to a depth of 25,000 ft to deliver equipment capable of pumping sand slurries at pressures greater than 15,000 psi and temperatures often higher than 350°F, are unique to the job. Yet, there are even more areas where the mechanical engineer could excel, to include stimulation (including fracturing/fracking), rock mechanics (static or dynamic), or even geomechanics. This paper discusses examples of mechanical engineering improving traditional approaches to well stimulation technologies. In one example, the commonly known Bernoulli equations were used to formulate a unique formation fracturing technique. Using this technique, fracturing fluid zonal distribution, which traditionally has been performed using mechanical wellbore sealing devices, was diverted using dynamic isolation of a high-pressure wellbore operation (i.e., sealing using fluid velocity). The effectiveness of such a process was demonstrated by completing the task in less than one tenth of the time required when using conventional (mechanical) techniques. In another example, fluid rheology parameters were applied to formation rock response, simulating the formation movements as if they were a very viscous, non-Newtonian fluid. The rock could hence be modeled as if it were plastic, using the Kelvin-Voigt relationship. The primary intent of this exercise was to provide an improved stimulation technique to the oil industry, thus providing much better producing wells in the future.
The Microendoscopic Decompression of Lumbar Stenosis: A Review of the Current Literature and Clinical Results (2012)

Lumbar stenosis is a well-defined pathologic condition with excellent surgical outcomes. Empiric evidence as well as randomized, prospective trials has demonstrated the superior efficacy of surgery compared to medical management for lumbar stenosis. Traditionally, lumbar stenosis is decompressed with open laminectomies. This involves removal of the spinous process, lamina, and the posterior musculoligamentous complex (posterior tension band). This approach provides excellent improvement in symptoms, but is also associated with potential postoperative spinal instability. This may result in subsequent need for spinal fusion. Advances in technology have enabled the application of minimally invasive spine surgery (MISS) as an acceptable alternative to open lumbar decompression. Recent studies have shown similar to improved perioperative outcomes when comparing MISS to open decompression for lumbar stenosis. A literature review of MISS for decompression of lumbar stenosis with tubular retractors was performed to evaluate the outcomes of this modern surgical technique. In addition, a discussion of the advantages and limitations of this technique is provided.
Programming by Rewards (2020)

We formalize and study ``programming by rewards'' (PBR), a new approach for specifying and synthesizing subroutines for optimizing some quantitative metric such as performance, resource utilization, or correctness over a benchmark. A PBR specification consists of (1) input features $x$, and (2) a reward function $r$, modeled as a black-box component (which we can only run), that assigns a reward for each execution. The goal of the synthesizer is to synthesize a "decision function" $f$ which transforms the features to a decision value for the black-box component so as to maximize the expected reward $E[r \circ f (x)]$ for executing decisions $f(x)$ for various values of $x$. We consider a space of decision functions in a DSL of loop-free if-then-else programs, which can branch on linear functions of the input features in a tree-structure and compute a linear function of the inputs in the leaves of the tree. We find that this DSL captures decision functions that are manually written in practice by programmers. Our technical contribution is the use of continuous-optimization techniques to perform synthesis of such decision functions as if-then-else programs. We also show that the framework is theoretically-founded ---in cases when the rewards satisfy nice properties, the synthesized code is optimal in a precise sense. We have leveraged PBR to synthesize non-trivial decision functions related to search and ranking heuristics in the PROSE codebase (an industrial strength program synthesis framework) and achieve competitive results to manually written procedures over multiple man years of tuning. We present empirical evaluation against other baseline techniques over real-world case studies (including PROSE) as well on simple synthetic benchmarks.
Dynamic Behaviour and Piezoresistive Analysis of a Single Mass 3-Axis Polymer MEMS Accelerometer (2019)

In this work, for the first-time dynamic behavior of an SU-8 polymer based single proof mass, 3-axis MEMS piezoresistive accelerometer is presented. The beams dimensions were optimized to induce the maximum stress with an applied acceleration of 100g. Polysilicon is used as a piezoresistive material to understand the sensitivity and deduce the gauge factor of the device. Finite Element Modeling analysis is used to simulate the dynamic behavior, frequency response and effects of squeeze-film damping. Frequency response and dynamic analysis are then validated. The Eigen frequencies for the first three modes were found to be 1.0847 kHz, 1.5067 kHz and 1.5073 kHz, respectively. The quality factor deduced from the frequency response is approximately 15. The maximum gauge factor is found to be 11.2.
Phylogenetic Analysis in Genus Euchresta Based on Secondary Metabolites. (1995)

Abstract Two different phylogenetic relationships among Euchresta species have been proposed on the basis of general morphology. To confirm the relationships, we applied a cladistic analysis based on the secondary metabolites in the genus. Our accumulated data on the structures of prenylflavonoid compounds in the stems and the roots of all Euchresta species revealed the presence of presumed enzymes which contribute to their formation. The enzymes were used as characters in the phylogenetic analysis of Euchresta plants and a relative, Sophora tonkinensis. The cladistic analysis and the results of relative ratios of O- or C-apigenin glycosides in the leaves led us to propose new evolutionary trends in Euchresta.
Cytotoxic activity of leukotoxin, a neutrophil-derived fatty acid epoxide, on cultured human cells. (1988)

Leukotoxin (LX: 9,10-epoxy-12-octadecenoate) which was previously found to be biosynthesized by neutrophils, exhibited a dominant cytotoxic activity toward human tumor cells as well as toward normal cells. At the concentration of 50-100 micrograms LX/ml cell culture medium, LX completely blocked the growth of the cells of several transformed cell lines (HeLa, Hep-2, MG-63, Chang liver, Wish, FL-Amnion) as well as the normal (Flow 2000 and Flow 13000). From the results, a part of inhibition of tumor growth by neutrophils can be attributed to LX.
Growth and Transfer of Seamless 3D Graphene–Nanotube Hybrids (2016)

Seamlessly connected graphene and carbon nanotube hybrids (GCNTs) have great potential as carbon platform structures in electronics due to their high conductivity and high surface area. Here, we introduce a facile method for making patterned GCNTs and their intact transfer onto other substrates. The mechanism for selective growth of vertically aligned CNTs (VA-CNTs) on the patterned graphene is discussed. The complete transfer of the GCNT pattern onto other substrates is possible because of the mechanical strength of the GCNT hybrids. Electrical conductivity measurements of the transferred GCNT structures show Ohmic contact through the VA-CNTs to graphene--evidence of its integrity after the transfer process.
ChemInform Abstract: Potentially General Synthesis of Polyhydroxyindolizidines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
[no title] (1964)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Isolation and characterization of overlapping genomic clones covering the chicken alpha 2 (type I) collagen gene. (1980)

A series of overlapping recombinant clones, which cover the alpha 2 (type I) collagen gene, have been isolated by stepwise screening of two libraries of chicken genomic DNA fragments. The first genomic clone was isolated by using a cloned cDNA containing alpha 2 collagen DNA sequences as hybridization probe. The other clones were obtained by a sequence of screenings using defined fragments of the successive genomic clones as hybridization probes. Several types of experiments indicated that the DNA of these clones are truly overlapping and span 55 kilobase pairs of contiguous DNA sequences in the chicken genome. Sequence analysis of small DNA segments of some of these clones confirm that they contain coding sequences which specify alpha 2 collagen. Electron microscopic analysis of hybrids between type I alpha 2 collagen mRNA and the overlapping genomic clones indicates that the chicken alpha 2 collagen gene has a length of at least 37 kilobases, about 7.4 times longer than the corresponding translatable cytoplasmic mRNA. The coding information for alpha 2 collagen is distributed in more than 50 coding sequences which are interrupted by intervening sequences of various sizes. The structure of the gene implies that the conversion of precursor RNA to mature mRNA for alpha 2 collagen includes at least 50 splicing events.
Antimicrobial Copper Surfaces: Increasing Antibacterial Efficiency of Cu Surfaces by targeted Surface Functionalization via Ultrashort Pulsed Direct Laser Interference Patterning (Adv. Mater. Interfaces 5/2021) (2021)

In article 2001656, Daniel W. Müller and co-workers were able to significally enhance antibacterial efficiency of Cu surfaces against Escherichia coli by ultrashort pulsed laser interference patterning in the scale of single bacteria cells. Improved bacterial killing could mainly be attributed to increased Cu sensitivity due to altered contact situations involving both available contact area and surface wettability.
The Misuse of IEEE Device 52- Medium Voltage Contactors and Breakers Are Not the Same! (2016)

Many standards and specifications, related to medium voltage (MV) motor and feeder circuits, continue to center around the generic use of the IEEE Device 52 as a circuit identifier for the switching device used within those power systems. IEEE Device 52 is defined as a device that is used to close and interrupt an ac power circuit under normal conditions or to interrupt this circuit under fault or emergency conditions. Many of the current standards include detailed protection and coordination recommendations that are centered on circuit breaker protective settings. Some of these recommended protective settings can be detrimental when MV vacuum contactors are used instead of ac circuit breakers to interrupt the circuit under fault conditions such as in motor and feeder applications. This paper will outline MV contactor and breaker rating differences, compare the appropriate protection variations and requirements between the two, and highlight the dangers to personnel and equipment when assuming that a MV vacuum contactor can provide the same performance and require the same protective settings as a MV circuit breaker.
3D stacking for multi-core architectures: From WIDEIO to distributed caches (2013)

3D stacking has been viewed as a breakthrough solution for increasing performance in multi-core architectures. The hope is to solve some of the main issues in current multi-core architectures: external memory pressure and latency; I/O bottleneck; communication power consumption. In this paper, some advances of this field of research are shown, starting with a WIDEIO experience on a real chip for solving DRAM accesses issue. The integration of a 512 bit-width bus is demonstrated in a Network-on-Chip (NoC) multi-core framework and the resulting performance based on a 65nm prototype with 10μm diameter Through Silicon Vias (TSV). The potentiality of 3D scaling thanks to 3D asynchronous Network-on-Chip implementation is then shown. Finally, an innovative 3D stacked distributed cache strategy aimed at lowering memory latency and external memory bandwidth requirements is presented. This new memory partitioning demonstrates the efficiency of 3D stacking to rethink architectures for addressing multi-core scaling challenges.
Exposure Characteristics of Photoresist Illuminated by Near-field Light (2000)

We show an application of a scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) to nanofabrication. SNOM can obtain a resolution beyond the diffraction limit by placing a subwavelength aperture in close proximity to a sample. A sharpened and bent optical fiber with a small aperture is used as a near-field optical probe as well as a cantilever of an atomic force microscope (AFM). To improve the optical resolution, the aperture should be placed as close to the sample as possible. In order to decrease the distance between the aperture and the sample, a thin optical fiber probe with low spring constant (-10N/m) is operated in contact mode. Positive photoresist film for g-line (λ=436nm) is exposed by the near-field light from the thin optical fiber probe coupled by a He-Cd laser (λ=442nm) and developed normally. Groove pattern as narrow as 80nm in full width is produced in the photoresist film on a Si wafer. The exposure characteristics of the photoresist illuminated by the near-field light are discussed.