gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interfacing broadband photonic qubits to on-chip cavity-protected rare-earth ensembles (2017)

Ensembles of solid-state optical emitters enable broadband quantum storage and transduction of photonic qubits, with applications in high-rate quantum networks for secure communications and interconnecting future quantum computers. To transfer quantum states using ensembles, rephasing techniques are used to mitigate fast decoherence resulting from inhomogeneous broadening, but these techniques generally limit the bandwidth, efficiency and active times of the quantum interface. Here, we use a dense ensemble of neodymium rare-earth ions strongly coupled to a nanophotonic resonator to demonstrate a significant cavity protection effect at the single-photon level-a technique to suppress ensemble decoherence due to inhomogeneous broadening. The protected Rabi oscillations between the cavity field and the atomic super-radiant state enable ultra-fast transfer of photonic frequency qubits to the ions (∼50 GHz bandwidth) followed by retrieval with 98.7% fidelity. With the prospect of coupling to other long-lived rare-earth spin states, this technique opens the possibilities for broadband, always-ready quantum memories and fast optical-to-microwave transducers.
Molecular Analysis of Erection Regulatory Factors in Sickle Cell Disease Associated Priapism in the Human Penis (2012)

Mechanisms of sickle cell disease associated priapism in the human penis may involve dysfunctional nitric oxide synthase and ROCK signaling, and increased oxidative stress associated with NADPH oxidase mediated signaling.
향신료의 유산균 생장 촉진 효과와 홍고추(Capsicum annuum L.) 발효 산물의 HT-29 세포에서의 Tight Junction Protein 유전자 발현 조절 확인 (2021)

본 연구에서는 한식에서 많이 사용되는 마늘, 양파, 생강, 고추, 청양고추 등 향신료에서 한국 사람으로부터 분리된 Lactobacillus 및 Bifidobacterium 등 10종(한국 영유아 분변 유래 4종, 한국 성인 분변 유래 5종, 김치 유래 1종)의 유산균이 높은 생장성을 보이는 것을 확인하였으며, 8개의 유산균이 5가지의 향신료 중 홍고추 수용성 추출물에서 가장 높은 생장성을 나타냈다. 실험 균주의 프로바이오틱스로서의 특성을 파악하기 위해 장 상피세포인 HT-29에 대한 부착능력, 내산성 및 내담성, 젤라틴 분해효소 및 요소 분해효소의 활성을 시험하였다. 또한, 실험 균주를 홍고추 수용성 추출물에서 24시간 배양하여 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 통해 유산균의 항산화 효과를 평가하였다. 그 결과, 향신료에서의 생장성이 높고 프로바이오틱스로서의 우수한 특성을 나타낸 B. bifidum CBT BF3, B. longum CBT BG7, L. acidophilus CBT LA1, L. plantarum CBT LP3 균주 4가지를 선별하고, 향신료 추출물 배양액 중에서 높은 항산화 효과를 보였던 생강과 홍고추를 선정하여 세포실험을 진행하였다. LPS로 염증이 유도된 HT-29 세포에 선별된 균주의 향신료 추출물 배양액을 처리하여 밀착연접 단백질인 ZO-1 및 Occludin의 mRNA 발현량이 증가함을 확인하였다. 이는 홍고추 추출물 배양액이 높은 항산화 기능성을 보일 뿐만 아니라 장벽 기능을 향상시킬 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 시사하고 있다.
Influence of feeding the leucine metaboliteβ-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) on the non-specific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2003)

Previous studies have shown that leucine metabolite β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) increases the immune function in animals as measured by cellular and humoral immune responses. In the present study the influence of feeding HMB on the nonspecific cellular and humoral defence mechanisms and protection against furunculosis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was examined. HMB was fed in a pelleted ration at either 0 (control), 10, 25 or 50 mg kg−1 bw day−1 for 8 weeks. Blood and pronephros cells were taken at random from 10 fish in each group for the analyses. The respiratory burst activity (RBA) and potential killing activity (PKA) of phagocytes, lymphocyte proliferation stimulated by either concanavalin (ConA) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS), lysozyme activities and total immunoglobulin (Ig) levels in plasma were analysed at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 and 8 weeks. After 4 weeks of feeding HMB, a challenge test was performed by injection of Aeromonas salmonicida into the fish. HMB approximately doubled the respiratory burst activity and potential killing activity ability of polymorphonuclear (PMN) and morphonuclear (MN) cells (P < 0.01) and increased the mitogen-stimulated lymphocyte proliferation (P < 0.01) when compared with the control group. HMB feeding also increased (P < 0.01) the lysozyme activity in plasma and total Ig levels in serum. During the 14-day challenge test, mortality was decreased (P < 0.01) by up to 62% in HMB-fed fish compared with the control group mortality. In conclusion, the non-specific immune enhancement by HMB resulted in protection against furunculosis in the rainbow trout.
H-2Db−/−Mice Are Susceptible to Persistent Infection by Theiler's Virus (2000)

H-2(b) mice are resistant to persistent infection of the central nervous system by Theiler's virus. They clear the infection 7 to 10 days after intracranial inoculation. Resistance maps to the H-2D gene and not to the H-2K gene and is associated with a potent antiviral cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) response. We used H-2(b) mice in which the H-2D or the H-2K gene had been inactivated to dissect the respective roles of these genes in resistance. We report that H-2D(-/-) but not H-2K(-/-) mice were susceptible to persistent infection. Furthermore, whereas H-2K(-/-) mice mounted a vigorous virus-specific CTL response, similar to that of control C57BL/6 mice, the CTL response of H-2D(-/-) mice was nil or minimal. Using target cells transfected with the H-2D(b) or the H-2K(b) gene, we showed that the H-2K-restricted CTL response against the virus was minimal in H-2D(-/-) mice. These results demonstrate that the H-2D(b) and H-2K(b) genes play nonredundant roles in the resistance to this persistent infection.
Performance Evaluation of Cleaning Solutions Enhanced with Tetraalkylammonium Hydroxide Substituents for Post-CMP Cleaning on Poly-Si Film (2002)

The cleaning solutions augmented with tetraalkylammonium hydroxides (TAAHs) with various chain-lengths of hydrocarbon substituents were developed for post-poly-Si chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) cleaning. The cleaning performance with respect to particle, organic, and metal removal as well as surface roughness was evaluated for a series of 3% solutions dosed with 0.26 M of a TAAH and 100 ppm of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The experimental results demonstrated that the cleaning solutions enhanced with these surfactants (TAAH) and a chelating agent (EDTA) achieved significantly better removal efficiencies of particle and metal impurities than the control solution containing 3% only. A conceptual model involving surface adsorption and double-layer formation was used to postulate the aqueous-phase surface interactions between the tetraalkylammonium cations and the poly-Si surface, and to explain the removal mechanisms of particle and metal impurities from the surface. The improved electrical properties (current density-electric field and charge-to-breakdown characteristics) of the post-CMP capacitor after cleaning further demonstrated the reliability and feasibility of the proposed cleaning recipes. © 2002 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A New BMS Architecture Based on Cell Redundancy (2010)

Due to their great energy density, high nominal voltage, and lack of memory effect, Li-ion cells play a more crucial role in electric vehicle (EV) applications. Unfortunately, if not correctly handled, this chemistry can quickly bring loss in performance and produce potentially dangerous situations. Battery management systems (BMSs) are a practical way to manage these battery packs and improve their efficiency. In this paper, we propose an original BMS architecture particularly suited for light-EV applications based on the concept of redundant cell, i.e., a technique that dynamically disconnects a cell in the battery pack for optimal balancing purposes. The proposed BMS is very flexible, economical, stable, and space saving.
Biometric Identification of Mice (2007)

The identification of laboratory mice has been an important issue in pharmaceutical applications ever since tests have been performed on animals. As biometric identification has become an increasingly important issue over the past decade, attempts are underway to replace traditional identification methods, which are mostly invasive and limited in code space. This thesis discusses a project that aims at identifying mice by biometrically examining the blood vessel patterns in their ears. In the proposed algorithm, firstly, the blood vessel structure within the obtained images got enhanced before segmenting the image in blood vessel and non-blood vessel portions. In the next step a sufficient amount of unique feature points got extracted from the segmented image. The obtained feature points were afterwards used for the actual identification procedure. Out of 20 mice, 18 could be identified successfully using the proposed algorithm.
A multi-modal prostate segmentation scheme by combining spectral clustering and active shape models (2008)

Segmentation of the prostate boundary on clinical images is useful in a large number of applications including calculating prostate volume during biopsy, tumor estimation, and treatment planning. Manual segmentation of the prostate boundary is, however, time consuming and subject to inter- and intra-reader variability. Magnetic Resonance (MR) imaging (MRI) and MR Spectroscopy (MRS) have recently emerged as promising modalities for detection of prostate cancer in vivo. In this paper we present a novel scheme for accurate and automated prostate segmentation on in vivo 1.5 Tesla multi-modal MRI studies. The segmentation algorithm comprises two steps: (1) A hierarchical unsupervised spectral clustering scheme using MRS data to isolate the region of interest (ROI) corresponding to the prostate, and (2) an Active Shape Model (ASM) segmentation scheme where the ASM is initialized within the ROI obtained in the previous step. The hierarchical MRS clustering scheme in step 1 identifies spectra corresponding to locations within the prostate in an iterative fashion by discriminating between potential prostate and non-prostate spectra in a lower dimensional embedding space. The spatial locations of the prostate spectra so identified are used as the initial ROI for the ASM. The ASM is trained by identifying user-selected landmarks on the prostate boundary on T2 MRI images. Boundary points on the prostate are identified using mutual information (MI) as opposed to the traditional Mahalanobis distance, and the trained ASM is deformed to fit the boundary points so identified. Cross validation on 150 prostate MRI slices yields an average segmentation sensitivity, specificity, overlap, and positive predictive value of 89, 86, 83, and 93&percent; respectively. We demonstrate that the accurate initialization of the ASM via the spectral clustering scheme is necessary for automated boundary extraction. Our method is fully automated, robust to system parameters, and computationally efficient.
Peptides of Presenilin-1 Bind the Amyloid Precursor Protein Ectodomain and Offer a Novel and Specific Therapeutic Approach to Reduce ß-Amyloid in Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

β-Amyloid (Aβ) accumulation in the brain is widely accepted to be critical to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Current efforts at reducing toxic Aβ40 or 42 have largely focused on modulating γ-secretase activity to produce shorter, less toxic Aβ, while attempting to spare other secretase functions. In this paper we provide data that offer the potential for a new approach for the treatment of AD. The method is based on our previous findings that the production of Aβ from the interaction between the β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) and Presenilin (PS), as part of the γ-secretase complex, in cell culture is largely inhibited if the entire water-soluble NH2-terminal domain of PS is first added to the culture. Here we demonstrate that two small, non-overlapping water-soluble peptides from the PS-1 NH2-terminal domain can substantially and specifically inhibit the production of total Aβ as well as Aβ40 and 42 in vitro and in vivo in the brains of APP transgenic mice. These results suggest that the inhibitory activity of the entire amino terminal domain of PS-1 on Aβ production is largely focused in a few smaller sequences within that domain. Using biolayer interferometry and confocal microscopy we provide evidence that peptides effective in reducing Aβ give a strong, specific and biologically relevant binding with the purified ectodomain of APP 695. Finally, we demonstrate that the reduction of Aβ by the peptides does not affect the catalytic activities of β- or γ-secretase, or the level of APP. P4 and P8 are the first reported protein site-specific small peptides to reduce Aβ production in model systems of AD. These peptides and their derivatives offer new potential drug candidates for the treatment of AD.
Merging Preparation Behavior of Drivers: How They Choose and Approach Their Merge Positions at a Congested Weaving Area (2016)

Vehicle merging is a tactical process. In the existing merging models, drivers need to select a target gap and adjust their speed to reach a comfortable merge position to execute lane changing. However, such sequential premerging preparation process has not yet been well-captured on the basis of the field trajectory data. In this study, the authors will focus on analyzing the lane-changing behavior as drivers choose and approach their merge positions at congested merging areas. This study is based on noise-filtered computer-based trajectory data. The authors classify the observed merging vehicles in a congested weaving section into original-gap-targeting (OGT) and forward-gap-targeting (FGT) vehicles. The analysis of the merge-position selection indicates different selection behavior between OGT and FGT merging vehicles. The length of target gap, the speed, and the route plan of vehicles surrounding the merging vehicles have an influence on their merge-position selection. To investigate merge tactics of merging vehicles, their speed synchronization and acceleration behaviors when approaching their merge positions were analyzed. The results illustrate that the acceleration and deceleration behaviors of the FGT merging vehicles in the approaching process should be split into two distinct stages: acceleration to overtake the rejected gap and deceleration to execute speed synchronization. The findings from this study shed light on the complex lane-changing process at merging areas.
Iron supplementation in young iron-deficient females causes gastrointestinal redox imbalance: protective effect of a fermented nutraceutical. (2014)

The aim of this study was to assess whether the concomitant supplementation of certified fermented papaya preparation (FPP, ORI, Gifu, Japan) together with iron supplementation could beneficially affect lipid peroxidation either systemically and at a intraluminal gut level in women with low iron stores. Treatment compliance and iron absorption was assessed as well. Fifty-two non-pregnant, fertile, non-smokers, healthy women with iron deficiency were recruited. The women were given iron supplements (100 mg Fe/d as ferrous sulfate) to be taken daily for 12 weeks (group A). Group B patients were also supplemented with 6g/day of a FPP. A detailed life style questionnaire was administered to all subjects. Iron, ferritin, transferrin receptors (Tf R) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma were measured. The RBCs lysate was used for the estimation of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). The total and free iron concentration as well as analysis of oxidative stress in the feces was measured. FPP-supplemented subjects showed a significantly lower degree of gastrointestinal discomfort (p less than 0.05) and abolished the iron supplementation-induced increase of MDA (p less than 0.001) and the depletion of SOD and GPx (p less than 0.01). Moreover, the nutraceutical co-administration brought about a significant reduction of gut oxidative damage and lower fecal content of either total and free iron (p less than 0.05 vs group A). Overall, group B showed a better TfR/ferritin ratio response (p less than 0.05 vs group A). While iron supplementation maintains its clinical relevance considering the prevalence of iron deficiency among females, a careful clinical evaluation and a protective nutraceutical co-administration, as our data suggest with FPP, should be considered.
T3SS- and BFP-dependent generation of epithelial microcolonies <i>in vivo</i>. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt; Immunostaining and electron microscopy of small intestinal tissue sections collected 8 days p.i. from mice orally infected on the day of birth with WT EPEC. &lt;b&gt;(Ai;vi-vii)&lt;/b&gt; 2d representation of microcolonies attached to the small intestinal epithelium. &lt;b&gt;(Aii)&lt;/b&gt; enlarged 3d representation of the insert marked in &lt;b&gt;(Ai)&lt;/b&gt; (EPEC, red; E-cadherin, white; wheat germ agglutinin (mucus), green; DAPI, blue, bar = 5μm). &lt;b&gt;(Aiii)&lt;/b&gt; SEM of EPEC forming a microcolony (bar = 1 μm). &lt;b&gt;(Aiv-v)&lt;/b&gt; TEM of EPEC attached to the epithelial plasma membrane (bar = 0.5 μm). &lt;b&gt;(B)&lt;/b&gt; Number of microcolonies per small intestinal tissue section at defined time points p.i. (n = 9 from 3 mice per time point, mean ± SD). &lt;b&gt;(C)&lt;/b&gt; 1-day-old mice were orally exposed to WT EPEC, &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; single mutants, a &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; double mutant or two commensal &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;coli&lt;/i&gt; strains (#1, a murine commensal &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;coli&lt;/i&gt; isolate; #2, &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;coli&lt;/i&gt; Nissle). Small intestinal tissues were collected 4 days p.i., homogenized and plated on LB agar plates supplemented with streptomycin (WT), kanamycin (&lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; mutants) or ampicillin (commensal &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;coli strains&lt;/i&gt;) (n = 7–13 from at least 2 litters; median). &lt;b&gt;(D)&lt;/b&gt; 1-day-old mice were orally co-infected with WT EPEC and either &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; mutants at a 1:1 ratio (total: 1–2×10&lt;sup&gt;5&lt;/sup&gt; CFU). Total small intestinal tissues were collected 8 days p.i., homogenized and plated on different LB agar plates supplemented with the appropriate antibiotic to discriminate WT EPEC from &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; mutants (n = 15–24 from at least 2 litters; data are represented in box and whisker plot format). &lt;b&gt;(E)&lt;/b&gt; Immunostaining of small intestinal tissue sections collected 8 days p.i. from mice orally infected at birth with &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt; &lt;b&gt;(i)&lt;/b&gt; or &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; mutants &lt;b&gt;(ii)&lt;/b&gt; (EPEC, red; E-cadherin, white; wheat germ agglutinin (mucus), green; DAPI, blue; bar = 5μm). &lt;b&gt;(F)&lt;/b&gt; Number of microcolonies observed per small intestinal tissue section in animals infected with WT EPEC or with &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; mutants at 8 days p.i. (n = 9 from 3 mice per time point, mean ± SD). ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-test (C and F). ns, p&gt;0.05; *, p&lt;0.05; **, p&lt;0.01; ***, p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
Acute Myocardial Infarction Caused by Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm (2010)

(Echocardiography 2011;28:E19-E20) Movie clip 1 for Figure 2. Please note: Wiley-Blackwell are not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting materials supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing material) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Electrical machine cooling structure (2023)

A stator assembly that includes a graphite sheet-like element that has fold(s) so as to define at least two planar sections. The face of one of the planar section abuts a surface of a heat generating location(s) of the stator assembly and a face of another planar section abuts one the tooth or the slot bottom of the stator assembly. Also, a subassembly that includes an electrical machine stator assembly that includes a sheet-like element of a material having high thermal conductivity, wherein a portion of the element abuts the end winding(s) such that the sheet-like element conducts heat to the magnetic core, the stator housing, and/or a winding heat conduction element.
Matched-field processing in a randomly time-variant propagation environment (1992)

Uncertainty in the characteristics of the propagation environment and the resulting processor mismatch can lead to a significant degradation in the performance of adaptive matched-field processors. Most previously proposed techniques for dealing with environmental uncertainty model the environment as being underspread (i.e., the environment can be assumed to be constant over the observation interval of the processor). However, in some scenarios there are both underspread and overspread components to the environmental fluctuations. An adaptive matched-field processor is proposed that separates the environmental fluctuations into overspread and underspread components and handles the two types of variability in fundamentally different ways. The processor simultaneously optimizes its worse-case performance evaluated over the range of underspread environmental conditions and its average performance evaluated over the range of overspread environmental conditions.
Adaptive fuzzy control for motion of submarine in fixed depth (2004)

During the course of the movement of the submarine in the fixed depth, there are some characteristics of nonlinearity, time-varying parameters and influence of complex disturbance. A kind of fuzzy adaptive controller based on neural networks is proposed. This fuzzy controller is adjusted on-line by EBP algorithm whose learning algorithm is adjusted by itself. The simulation results show that the controller can recognize the equilibrium rudder angle of the submarine and has the advantages of strong ability of anti-interference, quick response speed and high accuracy, while compared with the PID controller.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Retinoic Acid—Rich Tumor Microenvironment Provides Clonal Survival Cues for Tumor-Specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 328K, Deficient CD8+ T cell expansion in response to OVA, alpha-CD40 and pI:C immunization in dnRARalphaCD4Cre mice is independent of CD4+ T cells&lt;/p&gt;
High efficiency c-Si solar cells utilizing light-trapping phenomenon (2015)

Crystalline Silicon (c-Si) solar cell has presented itself as the ultimate solution for solving the cost and efficiency dilemma for the solar industry. We at Banpil have been working on the development of novel solar cells based on nanostructures to increase the conversion efficiency significantly over standard solar cells. These nanostructure based c-Si solar cells could potentially break the cost barrier that has thwarted the photovoltaic industry. In this work, we have designed ultrathin c-Si solar cells based on nanostructures, enabling a light trapping phenomenon to achieve a power density ranging from 0.91 W/g to 3.5 W/g, which is from 3.5 to more than 10 times over available standard c-Si solar cells.
Mannose-targeted mesoporous silica nanoparticles for photodynamic therapy (2009)

Functionalisation of MSN with mannose for PDT applications dramatically improved the efficiency of PDT on breast cancer cells.