gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Angle Measurement Reproducibility Using EOSThree-Dimensional Reconstructions in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Treated by Posterior Instrumentation (2011)

In Brief Study Design. A reproducibility study was conducted in preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional (3D) measurements for patients operated for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Objective. To assess the reliability of preoperative and postoperative 3D reconstructions using EOS in patients operated for AIS. Summary of Background Data. No prior reliability study of 3D measurements has been performed in the literature for severe scoliosis and for operated patients. Methods. This series included 24 patients (62° ± 11) operated for Lenke 1 or 2 AIS, using either all-pedicle screw constructs (group 1) or hybrid constructs, with universal clamps at thoracic levels (group 2). All patients underwent low-dose standing biplanar radiographs, pre- and postoperatively. Three operators performed the 3D reconstruction process two times preoperatively and two times postoperatively (total 288 reconstructions). Intraoperator repeatability and interoperator reproducibility were calculated and compared between groups. Results. The preoperative reproducibility was between 4° and 6.5° for parameters dedicated to scoliosis (Cobb and apical vertebral rotation), between 4° and 7° for kyphosis and lordosis values, and between 1° and 5° for pelvic measurements. The postoperative reproducibility was between 5° and 8° for values of kyphosis and lordosis, between 1° and 5.5° for pelvic parameters, and between 6.5° and 10.5° for the scoliotic parameters. The reproducibility of the scoliotic parameters was slightly better in the hybrid construct group, but the difference was not significant (P = 0.8). No difference was found between groups for the other parameters. Conclusion. 3D postoperative reconstructions are as reproducible as preoperative ones. The reproducibility is not influenced by the type of implant used for correction. Mean difference between operator was higher than previously reported for the apical rotation measurement, but this difference can be explained by the severity of the curves and the lower visibility of the anatomical landmarks due to the implants. The reliability of preoperative and postoperative three-dimensional reconstructions using the low dose biplanar X-ray system was assessed in 24 patients operated for AIS, using either all-pedicle screw or hybrid constructs. Postoperative reconstructions were as reproducible as preoperative ones, and reproducibility was not influenced by the implant type used for correction.
Fast Switching of STT-MRAM to Realize High Speed Applications (2020)

We demonstrate less than 10 ns write speed and read access for 40Mb embedded MRAM (eMRAM) macro covering high temperature up to 125°C. The macro shows un-powered data retention of 10 second at 125°C and the capability of achieving 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> cycles endurance and 5 ns read time. Our study indicates that MTJ stack engineering and MTJ CD optimization are the two critical factors to achieve the suppression of bit error rate (BER) ballooning and 0.5× Ic scaling for fast switching.
Oxygen-crosslinked polysilane: the new class of Si-related material for electroluminescent devices (1997)

The preparation and optical properties of the novel silicon-related material named oxygen-crosslinked polysilane were investigated. The oxygen-crosslinked polysilane was prepared by the thermal annealing of the precursor polysilane bearing alkoxyl groups. The photoluminescence consisting of a broad visible band at about 440 nm and a relatively sharp band at about 360 nm was observed at room temperature. The relative intensities of the visible emission were changed during the crosslinking. The visible emission was greatly affected by the steric hindrance of the alkoxyl groups of the precursor. The visible electroluminescene (EL) was also observed uniformly from the EL cell consisting of the oxygen-crosslinked polysilane film sandwiched between A1 electrode and indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode. The current densities of the EL cell increased with an increase in the oxygen-crosslinking. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ES Cell-derived Neuroepithelial Cell Cultures (2006)

ES cells have the potential to differentiate into cells from all germ layers, which makes them an attractive tool for the development of new therapies. In general, the differentiation of ES cells follows the concept to first generate immature progenitor cells, which then can be propagated and differentiated into mature cellular phenotypes. This also applies for ES cell-derived neurogenesis, in which the development of neural cells follows two major steps: First, the derivation and expansion of immature neuroepithelial precursors and second, their differentiation into mature neural cells. A common method to produce neural progenitors from ES cells is based on embryoid body (EB) formation, which reveals the differentiation of cells from all germ layers including neuroectoderm. An alternative and more efficient method to induce neuroepithelial cell development uses stromal cell-derived inducing activity (SDIA), which can be achieved by co-culturing ES cells with skull bone marrow-derived stromal cells (1). Both, EB formation and SDIA, reveal the development of rosette-like structures, which are thought to resemble neural tube- and/or neural crest-like progenitors. The neural precursors can be isolated, expanded and further differentiated into specific neurons and glia cells using defined culture conditions. Here, we describe the generation and isolation of such rosettes in co-culture experiments with the stromal cell line MS5 (2-5).
Microfluidic Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cell Clusters by Size and Asymmetry (2017)

Circulating tumor cell clusters (CTC clusters) are potent initiators of metastasis and potentially useful clinical markers for patients with cancer. Although there are numerous devices developed to isolate individual circulating tumor cells from blood, these devices are ineffective at capturing CTC clusters, incapable of separating clusters from single cells and/or cause cluster damage or dissociation during processing. The only device currently able to specifically isolate CTC clusters from single CTCs and blood cells relies on the batch immobilization of clusters onto micropillars which necessitates long residence times and causes damage to clusters during release. Here, we present a two-stage continuous microfluidic chip that isolates and recovers viable CTC clusters from blood. This approach uses deterministic lateral displacement to sort clusters by capitalizing on two geometric properties: size and asymmetry. Cultured breast cancer CTC clusters containing between 2-100 + cells were recovered from whole blood using this integrated two-stage device with minimal cluster dissociation, 99% recovery of large clusters, cell viabilities over 87% and greater than five-log depletion of red blood cells. This continuous-flow cluster chip will enable further studies examining CTC clusters in research and clinical applications.
1C24 Distribution of Elastic Modulus at Osteon Scale in Cortical Bone of Bovine Femurs (2016)

The relationship between the mechanical properties and hierarchical structure in the bone tissue is essential to understand the factors determining the bone strength during aging and/or osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the distribution of elastic modulus at the microstructural level, i.e., osteon scale, in the cortical bone. In the experiments, block-like specimens were taken from the ocrtex in a bovine femoral diaphysis and the transverse cross-section of the diaphysis was polished. The microindentation tests were conducted by using a spherical shape head indentor at four kinds of microstructure from the outer to the inner surface: osteon and interstitial region in the osteonal bone and lamellar and interstitial regions in the plexiform bone. To evaluate the distribution of elasticic modulus, the contact stiffness was calculated from the force-depth relationship during unloading. As a result, in the posterior specimen, the contact stiffness of plexiform bone obserbed in the outer region was larger than that of osteonal bone in the inner rregion. In the anterior specimen, the valiation of contact stiffness was larger than that of the posterior specimen and there was no significant difference among the four kinds of microstructure. A further study of the radial distribution of the microstructure in the diaphysis and the effects on the elastic modulus is needed for further elucidating the difference of elastic modulus at those microstructures.
Spotted leaf11, a Negative Regulator of Plant Cell Death and Defense, Encodes a U-Box/Armadillo Repeat Protein Endowed with E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Activityw (2004)

The rice (Oryza sativa) spotted leaf11 (spl11) mutant was identified from an ethyl methanesulfonate-mutagenized indica cultivar IR68 population and was previously shown to display a spontaneous cell death phenotype and enhanced resistance to rice fungal and bacterial pathogens. Here, we have isolated Spl11 via a map-based cloning strategy. The isolation of the Spl11 gene was facilitated by the identification of three additional spl11 alleles from an IR64 mutant collection. The predicted SPL11 protein contains both a U-box domain and an armadillo (ARM) repeat domain, which were demonstrated in yeast and mammalian systems to be involved in ubiquitination and protein-protein interactions, respectively. Amino acid sequence comparison indicated that the similarity between SPL11 and other plant U-box-ARM proteins is mostly restricted to the U-box and ARM repeat regions. A single base substitution was detected in spl11, which results in a premature stop codon in the SPL11 protein. Expression analysis indicated that Spl11 is induced in both incompatible and compatible rice-blast interactions. In vitro ubiquitination assay indicated that the SPL11 protein possesses E3 ubiquitin ligase activity that is dependent on an intact U-box domain, suggesting a role of the ubiquitination system in the control of plant cell death and defense.
PtyNAMi: ptychographic nano-analytical microscope (2020)

Ptychographic X-ray imaging at the highest spatial resolution requires an optimal experimental environment, providing a high coherent flux, excellent mechanical stability and a low background in the measured data. This requires, for example, a stable performance of all optical components along the entire beam path, high temperature stability, a robust sample and optics tracking system, and a scatter-free environment. This contribution summarizes the efforts along these lines to transform the nanoprobe station on beamline P06 (PETRA III) into the ptychographic nano-analytical microscope (PtyNAMi).
Long-term outcome of the argon plasma coagulator in the management of watermelon stomach (2001)

Production of porous and lightweight clay bricks with enhanced thermal conductivity is studied. Pumice was used as an additive to an earthenware brick to produce the pores. SEM-EDS, XRD, XRF and TG-DTA analysis of the raw materials was initially performed. Mixtures containing brick raw materials and pumice were prepared at different proportions (up to 40 wt.%). The semi-dry mixtures were compressed by a hydraulic press under 20 MPa pressure into the mold, and the green bodies were dried, and then fired at 900 °C and 1000 °C for 2 h. The loss on ignition values of fired samples was investigated, as well as, the bulk density, apparent porosity and water absorption measurements by Archimedes method. Thermal conductivities and mechanical strengths of the fired samples were also measured. Results showed that the use of pumice decreased the fired density of the bricks. Thermal conductivity of the brick with added 40% pumice produced (<0.65 W/m K) showed more than 30% reduction compared to the reference brick without additive (0.96 W/m K). Their compressive strengths were highly higher than that required by the standard.
Contributions to deep learning methodologies (2018)

In recent years the Deep Neural Networks (DNN) has been using widely in a big range of machine learning and data-mining purposes. This pattern recognition approach can handle highly nonlinear problems. In this work, three main contributions to DNN are presented. 1- A method called Semi Parallel Deep Neural Networks (SPDNN) is introduced wherein several deep architectures are mixed and merged using graph contraction technique to take advantage of all the parent networks. 2- The importance of data is investigated in several attempts and an augmentation technique know as Smart Augmentation is presented. 3- To extract more information from a database, multiple works on Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) are given wherein the joint distribution of data and its ground truth is approximated and in other projects conditional generators for classification and regression problems are trained and tested.
Immunoneutralization of Endogenous Glucagon Reduces Hepatic Glucose Output and Improves Long-Term Glycemic Control in Diabetic ob/ob Mice (2006)

In type 2 diabetes, glucagon levels are elevated in relation to the prevailing insulin and glucose levels. The relative hyperglucagonemia is linked to increased hepatic glucose output (HGO) and hyperglycemia. Antagonizing the effects of glucagon is therefore considered an attractive target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. In the current study, effects of eliminating glucagon signaling with a glucagon monoclonal antibody (mAb) were investigated in the diabetic ob/ob mouse. Acute effects of inhibiting glucagon action were studied by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and by measurement of HGO. In addition, the effects of subchronic (5 and 14 days) glucagon mAb treatment on plasma glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and HbA1c (A1C) levels were investigated. Glucagon mAb treatment reduced the area under the curve for glucose after an OGTT, reduced HGO, and increased the rate of hepatic glycogen synthesis. Glucagon mAb treatment for 5 days lowered plasma glucose and triglyceride levels, whereas 14 days of glucagon mAb treatment reduced A1C. In conclusion, acute and subchronic neutralization of endogenous glucagon improves glycemic control, thus supporting the contention that glucagon antagonism may represent a beneficial treatment of diabetes.
Convection in vibrated annular granular beds (2005)

The response to vibration of a granular bed, consisting of a standard cylindrical geometry but with the addition of a dissipative cylindrical inner wall, has been investigated both experimentally (using positron emission particle tracking) and numerically (using hard sphere molecular dynamics simulation). The packing fraction profiles and granular temperature distributions (in both vertical and horizontal directions) were determined as a function of height and distance from the axis. The two sets of results were in reasonable agreement. The molecular dynamics simulations were used to explore the behavior of the granular bed in the inner wall-outer wall coefficient of restitution phase space. It was observed that one could control the direction of the toroidal convection rolls by manipulating the relative dissipation at the inner and outer walls via the coefficients of restitution, and with several layers of grains it was seen that double convection rolls could also be formed, a result that was subsequently confirmed experimentally.
Vulnerability, Resilience and Pain associated Symptoms in two Groups of Patients with Chronic Pain- a Pilot Study (2019)

Objective. To compare pain and pain associated symptoms, vulnerability factors and factors of resilience in two groups with chronic pain.
Design. An explorative and hypothesis generating pilot study. 
Setting. Consulting psychiatry and occupational health care 
Participants. 30 consecutive patients in consulting psychiatry with chronic pain, who had not responded to conventional pain treatment, and 42 consecutive patients with chronic pain in occupational health care.
Interventions. All patients referred to consulting psychiatry were offered treatment with cognitive therapy (CT). The patients in occupational health care were offered patient-centered treatment and follow-up.
Main otutcome measures. Patient reported outcome measures (PROM) were administered at baseline and at follow-up after 8-11 months. PROM included Relationship Scales Questionnaire (RSQ ) for attachment pattern, Sense of coherence (SOC), Multidimensional Pain Inventory (MPI) for pain and dysfunction, Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Pines´scale for burnout and Short-Form 36 (SF-36). Statistical tests were conducted at a 5% significance level. Subgroup identification was accomplished by means of Multivariate data analysis (MVDA). 
Results. Both patient groups had vulnerability factors in terms of insecure attachment (RSQ), a low SOC and dysfunctional subgroups according to MPI. The occupational health care group reported higher SOC (p=0.02) and less anxiety (p=0.002), depression (p=0.01) and burnout (p<0.001) than the psychiatry group. These findings were further interpreted by using multivariate analyses. Hereby an overlapping between the two patient groups was obtained, indicating that there were patients within the occupational health care group with higher vulnerability than expected. The results of this study also indicated that a strong SOC per se did not seem to protect against chronic pain but may have a positive impact on HRQoL and the ability to handle pain. 
Conclusion. The impact of vulnerability factors on pain management and rehabilitation in patients with chronic pain in primary care might be underestimated. Thus SOC as well as MPI and RSQ could be important tools for assessing vulnerability and resilience in chronic pain. The role of SOC as well as attachment pattern. in chronic pain could be an aim of further research 
Strengths and limitations of the study
* This study is a small hypothesis generating pilot study and the results need to be validated in further studies of vulnerability and resilience in new groups of patients with chronic pain
* In order to compensate for many variables and a limited number of observations explorative modellings with MVDA were performed.
* The same therapist/physician (BP) treated both patient groups.
Cholesterol Levels of Six Fractionated Serum Lipoproteins and its Relevance to Coronary Heart Disease Risk Scores (2016)

These results suggested that VLDL-C concentration contributes to an increased risk at early stages of renal dysfunction, and CM-C may serve as a marker for estimating CHD risk in Japanese healthy men.
Phase retrieval using a conjugate symmetric reference (2017)

It was recently shown that finding a compactly supported vector that solves the 1D Fourier phase retrieval problem in the least-squares sense can be computed in polynomial-time, although the solution is not unique. To resolve identifiability, we previously proposed adding a Kronecker delta reference with sufficiently large intensity to the signal before measuring its Fourier magnitude. In practice, however, it is difficult to add a reference that is both strong enough to meet the intensity requirement, and narrow enough to be considered a Kronecker delta after sampling. In this paper we propose a physically more accessible approach to correctly recover a signal from Fourier magnitude measurements, assuming we can (1) generate a reference that is conjugate symmetric (no specific requirement on the power), and (2) measure the Fourier intensity of both the desired signal alone and the signal plus the reference. Numerical simulations showcase the effectiveness of the proposed method in exact signal recovery, as well as noise robustness for certain choices of the references, which cannot be achieved by other methods under the same measuring settings.
On-the-spot trace lactose test for flavored and unflavored lactose-free dairy beverages (2023)

We previously reported a novel Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET)-based biosensing construct able to estimate trace levels of lactose (>0.01% (w/v)), directly in lactose-modified white milk, without the need for sample pre-treatment. In that study, the method was performed by highly trained researchers using a BRET-capable microplate reader in a research laboratory. It is desirable for the method to be adapted for on-the-spot use by production staff in a very different setting, the quality control lab of a milk processing factory. In such a setting, there is a growing requirement to produce and quality-control lactose-modified milks that are colored and flavored. Measurement of trace lactose in these matrices presents additional challenges over white milk because colors, flavors and added sugars potentially interfere with existing electrochemical or colorimetric biosensors. In the current work we therefore describe the development and validation of a method that uses the aforementioned BRET-based lactose biosensing construct to measure trace lactose in white, colored and flavored milks using a dedicated user-friendly device. Milk specific calibrations allowed the estimation of lactose at concentrations ranging from ≈ 7% (w/v) “full-lactose” to 0.01% (w/v), which is the most stringent quantified “lactose-free” level currently mandated globally. Limits of detection were 0.004% (w/v) for white milk and 0.003% (w/v) for both strawberry- and coffee-flavored milks. The assay could be performed in less than 5 min. We demonstrated the use of this assay to follow, effectively in real-time, simulated commercial lactase hydrolyses in white, strawberry- and coffee-flavored milks where the milk was aseptically incubated with food-grade lactase enzyme at 4 °C. These experiments highlighted the potential value of such a point-of-need lactose test for monitoring production, expediting release of finished product and accelerating new product development of a range of lactose-modified beverages.
HiP: Hierarchical Perceiver (2022)

General perception systems such as Perceivers can process arbitrary modalities in any combination and are able to handle up to a few hundred thousand inputs. They achieve this generality by using exclusively global attention operations. This however hinders them from scaling up to the inputs sizes required to process raw high-resolution images or video. In this paper, we show that some degree of locality can be introduced back into these models, greatly improving their efficiency while preserving their generality. To scale them further, we introduce a self-supervised approach that enables learning dense low-dimensional positional embeddings for very large signals. We call the resulting model a Hierarchical Perceiver (HiP). In sum our contributions are: 1) scaling Perceiver-type models to raw high-resolution images and audio+video, 2) showing the feasibility of learning 1M+ positional embeddings from scratch using masked auto-encoding, 3) demonstrating competitive performance on raw data from ImageNet, AudioSet, PASCAL VOC, ModelNet40 and Kinetics datasets with the same exact, unchanged model and without specialized preprocessing or any tokenization.
Design techniques for immunity to electromagnetic interference and electrostatic discharge in digital fiber-optic repeaters (1982)

FD-2 is a DS-2 rate optical fiber transmission system for interoffice trunking which meets rigorous requirements for immunity to electrostatic discharge (ESD), electromagnetic interference (EMI), and adjacent channel module insertion in the transmit- receive terminal electronics. The receiver module is shown in Fig. 1 and the transmitter in Fig. 2. Ironically, with true EMI immunity in the fiber component of optical transmission systems, repeater modules require increasingly careful design to match the environmental immunity of the fiber and achieve an EMI-proof system. This can be especially difficult with high receiver sensitivity in a nonintegrated transimpedance preamplifier and a centralized high voltage (HV) supply for avalanche photodiode gain control.