gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoporous, Metal Carbide, Surface Diffusion Membranes for High Temperature Hydrogen Separations (2013)

Colorado School of Mines (CSM) developed high temperature, hydrogen permeable membranes that contain no platinum group metals with the goal of separating hydrogen from gas mixtures representative of gasification of carbon feedstocks such as coal or biomass in order to meet DOE NETL 2015 hydrogen membrane performance targets. We employed a dual synthesis strategy centered on transition metal carbides. In the first approach, novel, high temperature, surface diffusion membranes based on nanoporous Mo2C were fabricated on ceramic supports. These were produced in a two step process that consisted of molybdenum oxide deposition followed by thermal carburization. Our best Mo2C surface diffusion membrane achieved a pure hydrogen flux of 367 SCFH/ft2 at a feed pressure of only 20 psig. The highest H2/N2 selectivity obtained with this approach was 4.9. A transport model using “dusty gas” theory was derived to describe the hydrogen transport in the Mo2C coated, surface diffusion membranes. The second class of membranes developed were dense metal foils of BCC metals such as vanadium coated with thin (< 60 nm) Mo2C catalyst layers. We have fabricated a Mo2C/V composite membrane that in pure gas testing delivered a H2 flux of 238 SCFH/ft2 at 600 °C and 100 psig, with no detectable He permeance. This exceeds the 2010 DOE Target flux. This flux is 2.8 times that of pure Pd at the same membrane thickness and test conditions and over 79% of the 2015 flux target. In mixed gas testing we achieved a permeate purity of ≥99.99%, satisfying the permeate purity milestone, but the hydrogen permeance was low, ~0.2 SCFH/ft2.psi. However, during testing of a Mo2C coated Pd alloy membrane with DOE 1 feed gas mixture a hydrogen permeance of >2 SCFH/ft2.psi was obtained which was stable during the entire test, meeting the permeance associated with the 2010 DOE target flux. Lastly, the Mo2C/V composite membranes were shown to be stable for at least 168 hours = one week, including cycling at high temperature and alternating He/H2 exposure.
ChemInform Abstract: NUCLEOPHILIC CHARACTER OF ALKYL RADICALS PART 9, THE BENZYL RADICAL (1973)

Abstract Benzylradikale, die aus den entsprechenden Phenylessigsäuren wie z.B. (I) mit Peroxydisulfat in Gegenwart von Ag‐Ionen erzeugt werden, reagieren mit Pyridinen wie z.B. (II) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III) und Diphenyläthan.
Epitaxial Growth and Processing of Compound Semiconductors (1997)

Contains an introduction and reports on six research projects.
Dynamic and Flexible Photonic Node Architecture with Shared Universal Transceivers Supporting Hitless Defragmentation (2012)

A dynamic and flexible network node architecture using modulation-flexible universal transceivers is proposed for beyond 100G transport and in-service network optimization. By sharing universal transceivers through a crossconnect switch, 20% reduction of universal transceivers is realized under dynamic traffic condition.
Outcome of combined unicompartmental knee replacement and combined or sequential anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2012)

The Oxford unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) is an established treatment option in the management of symptomatic end-stage medial compartmental osteoarthritis (MCOA), which works well in the young and active patient. However, previous studies have shown that it is reliable only in the presence of a functionally intact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). This review reports the outcomes, at a mean of five years and a maximum of ten years, of 52 consecutive patients with a mean age of 51 years (36 to 57) who underwent staged or simultaneous ACL reconstruction and Oxford UKR. At the last follow-up (with one patient lost to follow-up), the mean Oxford knee score was 41 (sd 6.3; 17 to 48). Two patients required conversion to TKR: one for progression of lateral compartment osteoarthritis and one for infection. Implant survival at five years was 93% (95% CI 83 to 100). All but one patient reported being satisfied with the procedure. The outcome was not significantly influenced by age, gender, femoral or tibial tunnel placement, or whether the procedure was undertaken at one- or two-stages. In summary, ACL reconstruction and Oxford UKR gives good results in patients with end-stage MCOA secondary to ACL deficiency.
Multi‐moded high‐index contrast optical waveguide for super‐contrast high‐resolution label‐free microscopy (2022)

The article elucidates the physical mechanism behind the generation of superior-contrast and high-resolution label-free images using an optical waveguide. Imaging is realized by employing a high index contrast multi-moded waveguide as a partially coherent light source. The modes provide near-field illumination of unlabeled samples, thereby repositioning the higher spatial frequencies of the sample into the far-field. These modes coherently scatter off the sample with different phases and are engineered to have random spatial distributions within the integration time of the camera. This mitigates the coherent speckle noise and enhances the contrast (2-10) × as opposed to other imaging techniques. Besides, the coherent scattering of the different modes gives rise to fluctuations in intensity. The technique demonstrated here is named chip-based Evanescent Light Scattering (cELS). The concepts introduced through this work are described mathematically and the high-contrast image generation process using a multi-moded waveguide as the light source is explained. The article then explores the feasibility of utilizing fluctuations in the captured images along with fluorescence-based techniques, like intensity-fluctuation algorithms, to mitigate poor-contrast and diffraction-limited resolution in the coherent imaging regime. Furthermore, a straight waveguide is demonstrated to have limited angular diversity between its multiple modes and therefore, for isotropic sample illumination, a multiple-arms waveguide geometry is used. The concepts introduced are validated experimentally via high-contrast label-free imaging of weakly scattering nanosized specimens such as extra-cellular vesicles (EVs), liposomes, nanobeads and biological cells such as fixed and live HeLa cells.
Automatic cascade training with perturbation bias (2004)

Face detection methods based on cascade architecture have demonstrated fast and robust performance. Cascade learning is aided by the modularity of the architecture in which nodes are chained together to form a cascade. In this paper we present two new cascade learning results which address the decoupled nature of the cascade learning task. First, we introduce a cascade indifference curve framework, which connects the learning objectives for a node to the overall cascade performance. We derive a new cost function for node learning, which yields fully-automatic stopping conditions and improved detection performance. Second, we introduce the concept of perturbation bias, which leverages the statistical differences between target and non-target classes in a detection problem to obtain improved performance and robustness. We derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the success of the method and present experimental results.
Megaco Protocol version 0.8 (2000)

This document defines the protocol used between elements of a physically decomposed multimedia gateway, i.e. a Media Gateway and a Media Gateway Controller. The document is common text with ITU-T Recommendation H.248 and is a result of applying the changes in RFC 2886 to the text of RFC 2885.
Mechanical Heterogeneities in Model Polymer Glasses at Small Length Scales (2004)

Molecular simulations of a model, deeply quenched polymeric glass show that the elastic moduli become strongly inhomogeneous at length scales comprising several tens of monomers; these calculations reveal a broad distribution of local moduli, with regions of negative moduli coexisting within a matrix of positive moduli. It is shown that local moduli have the same physical meaning as that traditionally ascribed to moduli obtained from direct measurements of local constitutive behaviors of macroscopic samples.
Preparation of Bacterial Magnetite Particles for DNA Carriers. (1991)

磁気利用による回収など磁気誘導可能なDNAキャリヤーとして磁性細菌の合成する磁気微粒子 (磁性細菌粒子) をマイクロプロジェクタイル法に応用するために, 効率よい分離条件とDNAの吸着について検討した. 生育も速く菌体収率の高い磁性細菌Aquaspirillum sp. AMB-1を菌形がらせん状を呈する対数増殖期後期まで培養し, 超音波破砕を用いて磁性細菌粒子を分離することによって, 高効率で有機薄膜の損傷のない磁性細菌粒子が調製可能であった. クロロホルム-メタノール処理により膜を除いた磁性細菌粒子を比較対象として分散性について評価したところ, 超音波処理のみで分離された有機薄膜の存在する磁性細菌粒子の方が分散性が高いことが示された. この有機薄膜を持つ磁性細菌粒子にグルタルアルデヒド～トリアミン処理を行い, より多くのアミノ基を導入し, DNAの吸着量を他のDNAキャリアー粒子と比較したところ, 高いDNAの吸着量 (磁性細菌粒子1mg当たり最高5μg) が得られ, DNAキャリアーとしての有用性が示唆された.
Identification of idiotypic receptors on reovirus-specific cytolytic T cells. (1982)

Cytolytic T lymphocytes (Tc) specific for cells infected with reovirus type 3 were shown to lyse an uninfected B-cell hybridoma line (designated 87.92.6). This hybridoma expresses and secretes an anti-idiotypic antibody that reacts with a monoclonal antibody (termed G-5). G-5 recognizes a domain on the hemagglutinin of the reovirus that is relevant to virus tropism. The Tc cell response was H-2 restricted and could be inhibited by G-5. As shown by limiting dilution analysis, identical clones lysed reovirus-infected and anti-idiotype-bearing target cells. Tc cells induced by a variant of wild-type reovirus type 3 (immunologically selected by resistance to neutralization by G-5) were unable to recognize the anti-idiotype-bearing cells although they lysed reovirus type 3-infected tumor cells. We conclude that Tc cells must bear determinants that bind anti-idiotype molecules and, furthermore, that B cells and cytolytic T cells can share these idiotypic determinants.
Floating-point buffer compression in a unified codec architecture (2008)

This paper presents what we believe are the first (public) algorithms for floating-point (fp) color and fp depth buffer compression. The depth codec is also available in an integer version. The codecs are harmonized, meaning that they share basic technology, making it easier to use the same hardware unit for both types of compression. We further suggest to use these codecs in a unified codec architecture, meaning that compression/decompression units previously only used for color-and depth buffer compression can be used also during texture accesses. Finally, we investigate the bandwidth implication of using this in a unified cache architecture. The proposed fp16 color buffer codec compresses data down to 40% of the original, and the fp16 depth codec allows compression down to 4.5 bpp, compared to 5.3 for the state-of-the-art int24 depth compression method. If used in a unified codec and cache architecture, bandwidth reductions of about 50% are possible, which is significant.
Characterization of the temperature sensitive phenotype of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted virus and its recombinants (1981)

The A/Ann Arbor/6/60 cold-adapted (ca) donor virus had a 38 degrees C shutoff temperature when tested in MDCK tissue culture. ca recombinant viruses bearing all six "internal genes" of the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 ca donor virus and the surface antigens of wild-type virus can manifest a 1,000-fold difference in plaquing efficiency at 38 degrees C. These observations suggest that the A/Ann Arbor/6/60 ca donor genes that specify the temperature sensitive phenotype of the ca recombinants can undergo genetic modification during the production and passage of the recombinants. The NS gene in the ca recombinant virus could be inherited from either parent without influencing the level of temperature sensitivity of the ca recombinant.
Hormonal regulation of protein dephosphorylation. Identification and hormonal regulation of protein phosphatase inhibitor-1 in rat adipose tissue. (1983)

An inhibitor (inhibitor-1) of phosphorylase a phosphatase has been identified in rat epididymal fat pads. This heat-stable, acid-soluble protein only exhibits phosphatase inhibitory activity when it itself is phosphorylated. Inhibitor-1 in rat adipose tissue migrates at 32,000 Da on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels, and at 64,000 Da on gel filtration. Exposure of fat pads to insulin (1 milliunit/ml) resulted in a 50% decrease in inhibitor-1 activity, compared to control (p less than 0.001). Isoproterenol (10(-6) M) caused a 25% increase in inhibitor-1 activity (p less than 0.05). Electrophoresis of heat-stable proteins prepared from hormone-treated 32P-labeled fat cells showed that insulin caused a dephosphorylation of the 32,000 Da phosphoprotein by 30% (p less than 0.01), whereas isoproterenol stimulated 32P incorporation in this protein by 35% compared to control (p less than 0.05). Thus, insulin appears to dephosphorylate and inactivate inhibitor-1, and might thereby result in an increase of protein phosphatase activity. Insulin regulation of inhibitor-1 is a mechanism which may underlie other of insulin's effects in adipose tissue, such as the activation of glycogen synthase.
Cavity spatial mode-locking and high controllability of radial output coupling for circular/square plasmonic nano-resonator lasers (2015)

We proposed and investigated a novel output coupling scheme for a circular and a square plasmonic nano-ring laser based on a T-shaped radial coupler that is easier to realize than a tangential coupler. The amount of coupling efficiency is shown to be highly controllable from a few percent to tens of percents. This is due to the fact that the standing-wave lasing mode pattern will rotate to give the minimal cavity loss at the T-coupler's location, making the amount of output coupling surprisingly low and hence, controllable. For a non-circular cavity, other symmetry-breaking and geometry-induced scattering could result in separate mode-pattern locking. These give a few main ways to control and optimize the coupling efficiency: via widening/narrowing or rotating the T-coupler's waveguide, or, for the case of a non-circular cavity, via shifting the location of the T-coupler. We observed increased unidirectional lasing induced by either rotating the waveguide or shifting it (for non-circular cases). We simulated the coupling using Maxwell's equations based on the multi-level multi-electron FDTD (MLME-FDTD) method to realistically model the lasing and output coupling behaviors of such plasmonic semiconductor lasers.
Measurement Of Erosion Rates Of A Relativistic Electron Beam (1991)

Erosion rates have been measured for a 2.5 MeV, 0.5 μsec electron beam propagating on a laser-formed plasma channel in the ion-focused regime. Various values of transverse magnetic field were also applied. The erosion rate is defined as the speed at which the beam front recedes from the beam head. The ejection of plasma electrons by the space-charge of the electron beam as it propagates induces a longitudinal electric field that in turn slows the beam electrons. When the beam electrons lose sufficient energy, they are lost to the wall. This loss process is termed inductive erosion. If there is an external transverse magnetic field present, electrons in the unneutralized head of the beam are swept away. This process is termed magnetic erosion. The plasma channel was formed using an electron beam pumped KrF laser in low density fill (3 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> Torr) trimethylamine (TMA). The electron beam propagated 91 meters on this channel and the time-resolved total current was monitored at B-dot stations every 14 meters. Beam currents ranged from 0.3 kA to 0.75 kA The channel plasma densities ranged from 2 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">9</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> to 1.5 x 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and transverse magnetic fields of Oto 4 G. The total erosion rate was determined by measuring the change in the pulse width as the beam propagated along the channel. Good agreement was obtained between the data and erosion formulae obtained from numeric fit to numerous simulations.
Functional Antibody CDR3 Fusion Proteins with Enhanced Pharmacological Properties (2013)

Herausragendes Merkmal: Ein Teilsatz von Rinder-Antikörpern (blau, siehe Schema) trägt eine ultralange CDR3-Schleife, die einen antiparallelen β-Faltblatt-„Stiel“ bildet, der in einer gefalteten, disulfidvernetzten „Knopf“-Domäne endet. Fusion eines Polypeptids (rot) mit diesem einzigartigen CDR3-Motiv liefert eine neue Strategie zur Herstellung von Polypeptidtherapeutika mit verbesserter Pharmakokinetik und -dynamik.
Fullerene derivative induced morphology of bulk heterojunction blends: PIPCP:PC61BM (2019)

The performance of organic solar cells (OSCs) depends crucially on the morphology in bulk heterojunctions (BHJs), including the degree of crystallinity of the polymer and the amount of each material phase: aggregated donor, aggregated acceptor, and molecular mixed donor : acceptor phase. In this paper, we report the BHJ morphology of as-cast blend films incorporating the polymer PIPCP as the donor and [6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub>-butyric acid methyl ester (PC<sub>61</sub>BM) as the acceptor. Tracking the scattering intensity of PC<sub>61</sub>BM as a function of PC<sub>61</sub>BM concentration shows that PC<sub>61</sub>BM aggregates into donor-rich domains and there is little to no phase where the PC<sub>61</sub>BM and PIPCP are intimately mixed. We further find that on blending the scattering peak due to PIPCP ordering along the backbone increases with decreasing PIPCP fraction, which is attributed to improved ordering of PIPCP due to the presence of PC<sub>61</sub>BM. Our results suggest that the improved ordering of PIPCP along the backbone (consistent with an increased conjugation length) with blending contributes to the observed low open-circuit voltage energy loss.
One-dimensional modeling of transport in small stellarators (1988)

An existing stellarator reactor transport code was modified to model small stellarator experiments. Changes were made in the treatment of neutrals, the atomic physics process, and the transport models. The authors investigated the extent to which the hollow density profiles experimentally detected during electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) experiments in the interchangeable module stellarator (IMS), a small modular stellarator, can be modeled. In this they were guided by the experimental observation of large variations in potential around the magnetic surfaces, which can give rise to radially directed E*B convective flow. A diffusion model based on small-scale convective cell structures cannot simulate the experimental profiles. Including a purely convective term in the particle balance equation allows for a much-more-accurate modeling of the profiles. A comparison between numerical and experimental results is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
How to Measure Network Flexibility? A Proposal for Evaluating Softwarized Networks (2018)

The emerging trend to softwarize networks based on concepts such as Network Virtualization, Software Defined Networking and Network Functions Virtualization promises to increase flexibility in networking. So far, flexibility is used rather as a qualitative argument for a network design choice. Furthermore, the meaning of flexibility behind such qualitative arguments is highly varying in the state of the art as a common understanding of flexibility is missing. In this article, we present an approach toward evaluating network flexibility through a definition of a flexibility measure, which provides a quantitative analysis and a comparison of different network designs. For us, network flexibility refers to the ability to support new requests that can be, for example, changes in the requirements or new traffic distributions. We show with two case studies, how an application of such measure could lead to a better understanding of different network designs with respect to flexibility. We also illustrate the trade-off between flexibility and cost needed to provide flexibility. With our proposed flexibility measure, we would like to stimulate the discussion toward a more quantitative analysis of softwarized networks and beyond.
Self-aligned selective-epitaxial-growth Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ HBT technology featuring 170-GHz f/sub max/ (2002)

Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ selective epitaxial growth (SEG) was performed by cold-wall ultra-high-vacuum chemical vapor deposition (UHV/CVD), and a Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ layer with good crystallinity was produced by optimizing the growth conditions. As a result of applying Si/sub 1-x-y/Ge/sub x/C/sub y/ SEG to form the base of a self-aligned heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT), device performance was significantly improved by suppression of B outdiffusion; namely, a maximum oscillation frequency of 174 GHz was obtained.
Quantitative single and multi-surface clinical corneal topography utilizing optical coherence tomography (2013)

Successful surgical treatment of ocular astigmatism requires accurate characterization of both magnitude and axis of the astigmatism. Keratometry and topography are clinically widely used for this measurement; however, their analysis is limited to the anterior corneal surface. Unlike these techniques, optical coherence tomography (OCT) offers the advantage of measuring both the anterior and posterior corneal surface contributions. We present a technique to combine the local curvatures of both surfaces into a single pseudosurface suitable for clinical application. Building on prior work in distributed scanning OCT (DSOCT) to remove corrupting patient motion artifacts, we present the results of a pilot patient study where extracted values of clinical corneal astigmatic power magnitude and direction from DSOCT corneal volumes were comparable to standard clinical measures of corneal astigmatism.
Controlling etch properties of silicon-based antireflective spin-on hardmask materials (2009)

In the recent semiconductor mass production, the tri-layer hardmask system has become crucial for successful patterning in many applications. Silicon-based anti-reflective spin-on hardmask (Si-SOH), which can be built by spin-on coating, is desirable in terms of mass production throughput and the overall cost of ownership. As the pattern size shrinks, the thickness of photoresist also becomes thinner, which forces the thickness of Si-SOH to be thinner resulting in a tighter thickness margin. In this case, controlling optical properties of Si-SOH becomes important in order to achieve low reflectivity in the exposure process. In addition, the tri-layer system can be set up more easily when the etch properties of Si-SOH can be controlled. Previously, we reported papers on silicon-based anti-reflective spin-on hardmask materials for 193 nm lithography, immersion ArF lithography, and optimization of optical properties of Si-SOH. In this paper, the technique for controlling etch properties of Si-SOH by a different type of monomer is described. To control etch properties in the same resin platform, the synthesis method was modified. Characterization of the Si-SOH synthesized by the new technique and the lithographic performance using this material are described in detail.