gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2-Haloacrylate Reductase, a Novel Enzyme of the Medium Chain Dehydrogenase/Reductase Superfamily That Catalyzes the Reduction of a Carbon-Carbon Double Bond of Unsaturated Organohalogen Compounds (2005)

A soil bacterium, Burkholderia sp. WS, grows on 2-chloroacrylate as the sole carbon source. To identify the enzymes metabolizing 2-chloroacrylate, we carried out comparative two-dimensional gel electrophoresis of the proteins from 2-chloroacrylate- and lactate-grown bacterial cells. As a result, we found that a protein named CAA43 was inducibly synthesized when the cells were grown on 2-chloroacrylate. The CAA43 gene was cloned and shown to encode a protein of 333 amino acid residues (M(r) 35,788) that shared a significant sequence similarity with NADPH-dependent quinone oxidoreductase from Escherichia coli (38.2% identity). CAA43 was overproduced in E. coli and purified to homogeneity. The purified protein catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of the carbon-carbon double bond of 2-chloroacrylate to produce (S)-2-chloropropionate, which is probably further metabolized to (R)-lactate by (S)-2-haloacid dehalogenase in Burkholderia sp. WS. NADH did not serve as a reductant. Despite the sequence similarity to quinone oxidoreductases, CAA43 did not act on 1,4-benzoquinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone. 2-Chloroacrylate analogs, such as acrylate and methacrylate, were also inert as the substrates. In contrast, 2-bromoacrylate served as the substrate. Thus, we named this novel enzyme 2-haloacrylate reductase. This study revealed a new pathway for the degradation of unsaturated organohalogen compounds. It is also notable that the enzyme is useful for the production of (S)-2-chloropropionate, which is used for the industrial production of aryloxyphenoxypropionic acid herbicides.
Motor activity of pregnant tethered sows. (1984)

Continuous recording of body postures (standing or lying) using photocells connected to an event recorder was carried out on 125 pregnant sows tethered either by a thoracic girth or by a neck harness in six different farms, at different times of the year. Standing activity occupied an average of 250 min per day. This position occurred mainly during daytime, with amount of standing during the night (10 p.m. to 6 p.m.) averaging less than 2% of the total time. This mean value was found in 4 farms out of 6. However, on one farm, standing postures lasted 390 min and this hyperactivity was associated with stereotypes. In another farm, time spent standing did not exceed 180 min. In all cases, multiparous sows spent about 60% more time standing than first or second litter sows. Time spent standing was dependent on other animal characteristics such as physical condition and foot condition, and also on environmental factors. Activity rhythms were synchronized by food distribution. These results are discussed together with the potential of using motor activity to characterize adaptability of sows to tethering.
Noncanonical sortase‐mediated assembly of pilus type 2b in group B Streptococcus (2015)

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) expresses 3 structurally distinct pilus types (1, 2a, and 2b) identified as important virulence factors and vaccine targets. These pili are heterotrimeric polymers, covalently assembled on the cell wall by sortase (Srt) enzymes. We investigated the pilus-2b biogenesis mechanism by using a multidisciplinary approach integrating genetic, biochemical, and structural studies to dissect the role of the 2 pilus-2b-associated Srts. We show that only 1 sortase (SrtC1-2b) is responsible for pilus protein polymerization, whereas the second one (Srt2-2b) does not act as a pilin polymerase, but similarly to the housekeeping class A Srt (SrtA), it is involved in cell-wall pilus anchoring by targeting the minor ancillary subunit. Based on its function and sequence features, Srt2-2b does not belong to class C Srts (SrtCs), nor is it a canonical member of any other known family of Srts. We also report the crystal structure of SrtC1-2b at 1.9 Å resolution. The overall fold resembles the typical structure of SrtCs except for the N-terminal lid region that appears in an open conformation displaced from the active site. Our findings reveal that GBS pilus type 2b biogenesis differs significantly from the current model of pilus assembly in gram-positive pathogens.
Rechargeable Lithium-Ion Based Batteries and Thermal Management for Airborne High Energy Electric Lasers (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Advances in the past decade of the energy and power densities of lithium-ion based batteries for hybrid electric vehicles and various consumer applications have been substantial. Rechargeable high rate lithium-ion batteries are now exceeding 6 kW/kg for short discharge times (&amp;lt;15 seconds). Rechargeable lithium-ion polymer batteries, for applications such as remote-control aircraft, are achieving simultaneously high energy density and high power density (&amp;gt;160 Whr/kg at &amp;gt;1.0 kW/kg). Some preliminary test data on a rechargeable lithium-ion polymer battery is presented. The use of high rate rechargeable lithium-ion batteries as a function of onboard power, electric laser power level, laser duty cycle, and total mission time is presented. A number of thermal management system configurations were examined to determine system level weight impacts. Lightweight configurations would need a regenerative thermal energy storage subsystem.&lt;/div&gt;
Genetic, biochemical, and crystallographic characterization of Fhit–substrate complexes as the active signaling form of Fhit (1998)

Alterations in the FHIT gene at 3p14.2 occur as early and frequent events in the development of several common human cancers. The ability of human Fhit-negative cells to form tumors in nude mice is suppressed by stable reexpression of Fhit protein. Fhit protein is a diadenosine P1,P3-triphosphate (ApppA) hydrolase whose fungal and animal homologs form a branch of the histidine triad (HIT) superfamily of nucleotide-binding proteins. Because the His-96 --> Asn substitution of Fhit, which retards ApppA hydrolase activity by seven orders of magnitude, did not block tumor-suppressor activity in vivo, we determined whether this mutation affected ApppA binding or particular steps in the ApppA catalytic cycle. Evidence is presented that His-96 --> Asn protein binds ApppA well and forms an enzyme-AMP intermediate extremely poorly, suggesting that Fhit-substrate complexes are the likely signaling form of the enzyme. The cocrystal structure of Fhit bound to Ado-p-CH2-p-ps-Ado (IB2), a nonhydrolyzable ApppA analog, was refined to 3.1 A, and the structure of His-96 --> Asn Fhit with IB2 was refined to 2.6 A, revealing that two ApppA molecules bind per Fhit dimer; identifying two additional adenosine-binding sites on the dimer surface; and illustrating that His-98 is positioned to donate a hydrogen bond to the scissile bridging oxygen of ApppA substrates. The form of Fhit bound to two ApppA substrates would present to the cell a dramatically phosphorylated surface, prominently displaying six phosphate groups and two adenosine moieties in place of a deep cavity lined with histidines, arginines, and glutamines.
Why a middle aged general practitioner sat the MRCP (2004)

They say that there is no fool like an old fool. So you might think that a 49 year old general practitioner (GP) taking the exam for membership of the Royal College of Physicians (MRCP) either has delusions of grandeur or has something missing. Having lived through the adventure and survived, I would disagree.

As a rural GP with an interest in education and assessment, I found myself questioning the ways we teach clinical skills and decision making. I was also becoming increasingly disillusioned about the lack of communication and understanding between primary and secondary care. Was I becoming pompous as well as old? To justify my scepticism, I decided that the first thing I had to do was to make sure I was up to scratch myself.

It seemed logical to use my prolonged study leave to spend a few months in secondary care—so I …
Catalytic Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes with Optically Active Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes Containing either Identical or Different Ligands (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic Enantioselective Hydrogenation of 1,1-Disubstituted Alkenes with Optically Active Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes Containing either Identical or Different LigandsLeo A. Paquette, Mark R. Sivik, Eugene I. Bzowej, and Kenetha J. StantonCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 10, 4865–4878Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00010a057https://doi.org/10.1021/om00010a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views317Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Torsion Balance for Measurement of Capillary Immersion Forces (1996)

Particle−particle and particle−wall capillary interactions were measured as a function of the separation distance. The “particles” were vertical thin glass cylinders and/or small glass spheres, protruding from an air/liquid interface. The particles attract each other due to the overlapping of the menisci formed around each of them. The force of interaction is detected by a sensitive torsion microbalance. It is based on counterbalancing the moment of a couple of forces, acting between two pairs of particles, by the torsion moment of a thin platinum wire. By varying the wire diameter, we accessed forces differing by several orders of magnitude, from about 5 dyn at small separation between the particles down to 0.001 dyn at large separation. The smallest force was measured with two cylinders of diameters about 300 μm. For two spheres (diameters 1.2 mm) we obtained difference in the forces corresponding to different heights of protrusion from the liquid surface. For interacting sphere and glass cylinder the force follows similar trends as the forces between two spheres or two cylinders. In the case of sphere and glass wall, however, the force first increases with decreasing the distance and then decreases close to the wall passing through a maximum. The predictions of the theory of capillary immersion forces are in quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
Gossip Algorithms for Distributed Signal Processing Gossiping allows sensors in a network to ignore routing and just exchange data with their nearest neighbors; this paper explores the effects of gossiping on convergence rates, quantization, and channel coding, and surveys recent results. (2010)

Gossip algorithms are attractive for in-network processing in sensor networks because they do not require any specialized routing, there is no bottleneck or single point of failure, and they are robust to unreliable wireless network conditions. Recently, there has been a surge of activity in the computer science, control, signal processing, and information theory communities, developing faster and more robust gossip algorithms and deriving theoretical performance guarantees. This paper presents an overview of recent work in the area. We describe convergence rate results, which are related to the numberoftransmittedmessagesandthustheamountofenergy consumed in the network for gossiping. We discuss issues related to gossiping over wireless links, including the effects of quantization and noise, and we illustrate the use of gossip algorithms for canonical signal processing tasks including distributed estimation, source localization, and compression.
Phylogenetic Analysis of Culturable Dimethyl Sulfide-Producing Bacteria from a Spartina -Dominated Salt Marsh and Estuarine Water (2001)

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP), an abundant osmoprotectant found in marine algae and salt marsh cordgrass, can be metabolized to dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylate by microbes having the enzyme DMSP lyase. A suite of DMS-producing bacteria isolated from a salt marsh and adjacent estuarine water on DMSP agar plates differed markedly from the pelagic strains currently in culture. While many of the salt marsh and estuarine isolates produced DMS and methanethiol from methionine and dimethyl sulfoxide, none appeared to be capable of producing both methanethiol and DMS from DMSP. DMSP, and its degradation products acrylate and beta-hydroxypropionate but not methyl-3-mecaptopropionate or 3-mercaptopropionate, served as a carbon source for the growth of all the alpha- and beta- but only some of the gamma-proteobacterium isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that all of the isolates were in the group Proteobacteria, with most of them belonging to the alpha and gamma subclasses. Only one isolate was identified as a beta-proteobacterium, and it had >98% 16S rRNA sequence homology with a terrestrial species of Alcaligenes faecalis. Although bacterial population analysis based on culturability has its limitations, bacteria from the alpha and gamma subclasses of the Proteobacteria were the dominant DMS producers isolated from salt marsh sediments and estuaries, with the gamma subclass representing 80% of the isolates. The alpha-proteobacterium isolates were all in the Roseobacter subgroup, while many of the gamma-proteobacteria were closely related to the pseudomonads; others were phylogenetically related to Marinomonas, Psychrobacter, or Vibrio species. These data suggest that DMSP cleavage to DMS and acrylate is a characteristic widely distributed among different phylotypes in the salt marsh-estuarine ecosystem.
741 Trajectory Generation for Digging Operation with Hydraulic Excavator Using Simulation Based on Inverse Dynamics and Distinct Element Method (2012)

A digging trajectory which is improved energy efficiency for automated hydraulic excavator is generated using a developed simulation model. An efficiently digging operation is achieved by using optimal trajectories because energy efficiency of the operation depends on geometric shape of the trajectory. A simulation mode which is used to optimize digging trajectory in this study reproduces soil model and a front linkage model of excavator. By modeling soil with distinct element method (DEM), the simulation is able to analyze soil behavior during digging operation and to estimate digging soil volume quantitatively. On the other hand, generative force and energy consumption of hydraulic cylinders are calculated by the solving inverse dynamics of front linkage of hydraulic excavator. Combining two models, the developed simulation analyzes energy efficiency of digging trajectory. In this study, geometric shape of the trajectory is determined some trajectory parameters. Simulation model fines that the generated trajectories provide more effective operation than skilled operator by setting optimal parameters. Generated trajectory is shallower than the operator's one, and reduce cylinder force. Moreover, the cycle time per digging operation is shortened by applying generated trajectory.
Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty Combined with a Modified Latissimus Dorsi and Teres Major Tendon Transfer for Shoulder Pseudoparalysis Associated with Dropping Arm (2008)

Although a reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) can restore active elevation in the cuff deficient shoulder, it cannot restore active external rotation when both the infraspinatus and teres minor muscles are absent or atrophied. We hypothesized that a latissimus dorsi and teres major (LD/TM) transfer with a concomitant RSA would restore shoulder function and activities of daily living (ADLs). We prospectively followed 11 consecutive patients (mean age, 70 years) with a combined loss of active elevation and external rotation (shoulder pseudoparalysis and dropping arm) who underwent this procedure. All had severe cuff tear arthropathy (Hamada Stage 3, 4, or 5) and severe atrophy or fatty infiltration of infraspinatus and teres minor on preoperative MRI or CT-scan. The combined procedure was performed through a single deltopectoral approach in the same session. Postoperatively, mean active elevation increased from 70 degrees to 148 degrees (+78 degrees ) and external rotation from -18 degrees to 18 degrees (+36 degrees ). The Constant score, subjective assessment and ADLs improved. The combination of a RSA and LD/TM transfer restored both active elevation and external rotation in this selected subgroup of patients with a cuff deficient shoulder and absent or atrophied infraspinatus and teres minor.
Epidemiology and O-Serotypes of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Disease in Patients Undergoing Transrectal Ultrasound Prostate Biopsy: A Prospective Multicenter Study (2020)

This study provides an estimate of microbiologically confirmed invasive ExPEC disease incidence following TRUS-PNB. Information on <i>E. coli</i> O-serotype distribution and associated antibiotic resistance profiles from invasive ExPEC disease cases in the first 30 days following TRUS-PNB may help guiding antibiotic use and inform development of a prophylactic ExPEC vaccine.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON 3‐SUBSTITUTED 1,2‐BENZISOXAZOLE DERIVATIVES. III. MANNICH REACTION N OF 1,2‐BENZISOXAZOLE‐3‐ACETIC ACID (1978)

Abstract Aus den subst. Essigsäuren (I) erhält man mit überschüssigem Amin und Formalin die Methylen‐amine (III).
The Contributions of the Steroid Receptor Superfamily to Development, Physiology and Medicine (1989)

Steroid, retinoid and thyroid hormones regulate development and homeostasis in complex eukaryotes. The discovery of a common structure for these receptors and by inference, a common mechanism for the action of their hormones, has far-reaching consequences for genetic theories of both development and physiology, especially in relation to the discovery of additional principles. With regard to the products of this supergene family, one challenge is to understand the molecular properties of each receptor that determine its interactions with the transcriptional machinery regulating gene expression. Second, and perhaps a more daunting challenge, is to understand the contribution of individual regulatory systems to the integrated and complex biologic responses inherent in development in homeostasis. Through the cloning of these hormone receptor genes, molecular techniques can be employed to characterize individual receptor systems functionally as the essential first step towards an understanding of higher levels of control. Since it is impossible to be comprehensive, I shall first describe some of the recent studies on the glucocorticoid receptor as a prototypic molecule for all other members of this family. I will then describe a collection of data on the evolving understanding of the thyroid and retinoic acid receptors both as transcription factors as well as mediators of tumor progression and embryonic pattern formation.
EMT and EndMT: Emerging Roles in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2020)

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) are physiological processes required for normal embryogenesis. However, these processes can be hijacked in pathological conditions to facilitate tissue fibrosis and cancer metastasis. In the eye, EMT and EndMT play key roles in the pathogenesis of subretinal fibrosis, the end-stage of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) that leads to profound and permanent vision loss. Predominant in subretinal fibrotic lesions are matrix-producing mesenchymal cells believed to originate from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and/or choroidal endothelial cells (CECs) through EMT and EndMT, respectively. Recent evidence suggests that EMT of RPE may also be implicated during the early stages of AMD. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) is a key cytokine orchestrating both EMT and EndMT. Investigations in the molecular mechanisms underpinning EMT and EndMT in AMD have implicated a myriad of contributing factors including signaling pathways, extracellular matrix remodelling, oxidative stress, inflammation, autophagy, metabolism and mitochondrial dysfunction. Questions arise as to differences in the mesenchymal cells derived from these two processes and their distinct mechanistic contributions to the pathogenesis of AMD. Detailed discussion on the AMD microenvironment highlights the synergistic interactions between RPE and CECs that may augment the EMT and EndMT processes in vivo. Understanding the differential regulatory networks of EMT and EndMT and their contributions to both the dry and wet forms of AMD can aid the development of therapeutic strategies targeting both RPE and CECs to potentially reverse the aberrant cellular transdifferentiation processes, regenerate the retina and thus restore vision.
Interleukin 2 receptor targeted fusion toxin (DAB486‐IL‐2) treatment blocks diabetogenic autoimmunity in non‐obese diabetic mice (1992)

Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) is strikingly similar in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse and humans. In IDDM, the systematic autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta cells within the pancreas is dependent on autoreactive T cells. This autoimmune process can be accelerated by transferring spleen cells from diabetic donors into irradiated syngeneic NOD mice. In a previous study we established that interleukin 2 receptor (IL 2R)-bearing cells propagated from pre-diabetic NOD mice promote IDDM. Therefore, we reasoned that specific elimination of IL 2R+ T cells should abort the diabetogenic process. T cell expressing IL 2R can be selectively destroyed with a diphtheria toxin-related IL 2 fusion protein (DAB486-IL-2). We set DAB486-IL-2 the challenging task of preventing fulminant IDDM accelerated by the adoptive transfer of diabetic spleen cells. Eight weeks after the adoptive transfer only 10% and 20% of NOD mice treated with 10 and 5 micrograms/day of DAB486-IL-2, respectively, became diabetic while 100% control mice (vehicle buffer) became diabetic within 5 weeks. A dose of 1 microgram/day of DAB486-IL-2 had no protective effect. Although the protection conferred by DAB486-IL-2 is not permanent, it is maintained for at least 4 weeks following cessation of treatment. Furthermore, even though these NOD mice do eventually become diabetic, the tempo of expression and severity of diabetes, as assessed by the level of hyperglycemia, is dramatically reduced. Although histologic examination of pancreas revealed minimal degree of mononuclear infiltrate within the islets in both groups, the vehicle control mice had fewer islets per section indicating many islets had already been destroyed. In addition, spleen cells from diabetic NOD mice which were pre-treated with DAB486-IL-2 (10 micrograms/day) for 1 week lost their ability to transfer disease. Taken together, these studies strongly support the concept that IL 2R-bearing T cells are essential for the induction of IDDM and suggest that DAB486-IL-2 would be a promising therapeutic approach in the treatment of human IDDM.