gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An RF Voltage Detector with Low Harmonic Feedback for Antenna Tuning Switches (2019)

A voltage detector with reduced harmonic feedback into the sensed RF path for the use in highly-linear, high-voltage antenna tuning switches is demonstrated. The reduction of harmonic content is achieved by adding linearization elements to the charge-pump-based rectifier, which are activated at large input RF voltage amplitudes. The detector has been implemented and tested in hardware with two high-voltage switches. The ICs were manufactured in Infineon 130nm RF switch process. The measured voltage detector exhibits a linear transfer characteristic and generates feedback harmonics level, which is below the nonlinearities of the intrinsic RF switch. The proposed detector targets voltage monitoring function, particularly in the RF switches for antenna tuning applications.
Cytochrome P450-Mediated Metabolism and CYP Inhibition for the Synthetic Peroxide Antimalarial OZ439 (2021)

OZ439 is a potent synthetic ozonide evaluated for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. The metabolite profile of OZ439 was characterized <i>in vitro</i> using human liver microsomes combined with LC/MS-MS, chemical derivatization, and metabolite synthesis. The primary biotransformations were monohydroxylation at the three distal carbon atoms of the spiroadamantane substructure, with minor contributions from <i>N</i>-oxidation of the morpholine nitrogen and deethylation cleavage of the morpholine ring. Secondary transformations resulted in the formation of dihydroxylation metabolites and metabolites containing both monohydroxylation and morpholine <i>N</i>-oxidation. With the exception of two minor metabolites, none of the other metabolites had appreciable antimalarial activity. Reaction phenotyping indicated that CYP3A4 is the enzyme responsible for the metabolism of OZ439, and it was found to inhibit CYP3A via both direct and mechanism-based inhibition. Elucidation of the metabolic pathways and kinetics will assist with efforts to predict potential metabolic drug-drug interactions and support physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling.
Screening of children with Down syndrome for atlantoaxial (C1‐2) instability: another contentious health question (1996)

Screening for atlantoaxial (C1-2) instability in children with Down syndrome before their participation in sport is called into serious question. Despite the lack of clear supporting data to justify screening, it has been widely recommended and enforced by some sporting organisations for several decades. Experience in New South Wales during the past 25 years strongly suggests that routine screening should be discontinued, and the existing literature supports this move.
Fusion Based Approach for Distributed Alarm Correlation in Computer Networks (2010)

We propose a new distributed alarm correlation and fault identification in computer networks. The managed network is divided into a disjoint management domains and each management domain is assigned a dedicated intelligent agent. The intelligent agent is responsible for collecting, analyzing, and correlating alarms emitted form emitted from its constituent entities in its domain. In the framework of Dempster-Shafer evidence theory, each agent perceives each alarm as a piece of evidence in the occurrence of a certain fault hypothesis and correlates the received alarms into a single alarm called local composite alarm, which encapsulates the agent's partial view of the current status of the managed system. While the alarm correlation process is performed locally, each intelligent agent is able to correlate its alarms globally. These local composite alarms are, in turn, sent to a higher agent whose task is to fuse these alarms and form a global view of operation status of the running network. Extensive experimentations have demonstrated that the proposed approach is more alarm loss tolerant than the codebook based approaches and hence shown its effectiveness in a usually noisy network environment.
Semi-Supervised Learning with the Deep Rendering Mixture Model (2016)

Semi-supervised learning algorithms reduce the high cost of acquiring labeled training data by using both labeled and unlabeled data during learning. Deep Convolutional Networks (DCNs) have achieved great success in supervised tasks and as such have been widely employed in the semi-supervised learning. In this paper we leverage the recently developed Deep Rendering Mixture Model (DRMM), a probabilistic generative model that models latent nuisance variation, and whose inference algorithm yields DCNs. We develop an EM algorithm for the DRMM to learn from both labeled and unlabeled data. Guided by the theory of the DRMM, we introduce a novel non-negativity constraint and a variational inference term. We report state-of-the-art performance on MNIST and SVHN and competitive results on CIFAR10. We also probe deeper into how a DRMM trained in a semi-supervised setting represents latent nuisance variation using synthetically rendered images. Taken together, our work provides a unified framework for supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning.
Antennas for RF plasma heating and the electromagnetic field analysis. (1987)

The models and the methods to analize the electromagnetic field radiated mainly from the ICRF antennas are reviewed. The features of some typical antennas currently used and proposed for the ICRF plasma heating are also illustrated. The impedance characteristics of basic antennas obtained by the 2-dimensional finite element method analysis are shown and compared each other. The Faraday shield effects on the half turn loop antenna and the cutoff waveguide aperture antenna are discussed to indicate that the near field distribution and aperture field distribution are significantly altered by the presence of the Faraday shield.
Kinetics of formation of alkyl Grignard reagents. Evidence for rate-determining electron transfer (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of formation of alkyl Grignard reagents. Evidence for rate-determining electron transferRandall J. Rogers, H. Lee Mitchell, Yuzo Fujiwara, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 6, 857–858Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00920a031https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00920a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Raman-induced slow-light on a silicon photonic chip (2006)

We demonstrate all-optical tunable delays as long as 4 ps in a silicon-on-insulator waveguide using stimulated Raman scattering, which represents an important step towards implementing optically tunable dispersion in small-scale photonic devices.
Spalling-induced liftoff and transfer of electronic films using a van\n der Waals release layer (2021)

Heterogeneous integration strategies are increasingly being employed to\nachieve more compact and capable electronics systems for multiple applications\nincluding space, electric vehicles, and wearable and medical devices. To enable\nnew integration strategies, the growth and transfer of thin electronic films\nand devices, including III-nitrides, metal oxides, and two-dimensional (2D)\nmaterials, using 2D boron nitride (BN)-on-sapphire templates is demonstrated.\nThe van der Waals BN layer, in this case, acts as a preferred mechanical\nrelease layer for precise separation at the substrate-film interface and leaves\na smooth surface suitable for van der Waals bonding. A tensilely-stressed Ni\nlayer sputtered on top of the film induces controlled spalling fracture which\npropagates at the BN/sapphire interface. By incorporating controlled spalling,\nthe process yield and sensitivity is greatly improved, owed to the greater\nfracture energy provided by the stressed metal layer relative to a soft tape or\nrubber stamp. With stress playing a critical role in this process, the\ninfluence of residual stress on detrimental cracking and bowing is\ninvestigated. Additionally, a selected area lift-off technique is developed\nwhich allows for isolation and transfer of individual devices while maximizing\nwafer area use and minimizing extra alignment steps in the integration process.\n
GDNF â a stranger in the TGFâÎ² superfamily? (2000)

Glial cell lineâderived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family, consisting of GDNF, neurturin, artemin and persephin are distant members of the transforming growth factorâI² (TGFâI²) superfamily. Unlike other members of the TGFâI² superfamily, which signal through the receptor serineâthreonine kinases, GDNF family ligands activate intracellular signalling cascades via the receptor tyrosine kinase Ret. GDNF family ligands first bind to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)âanchored GDNF family receptor I± (GFRI±) and then the GDNF family ligandâGFRI± complex binds to and stimulates autophosphorylation of Ret. Alternatively, a preassociated complex between GFRI± and Ret could form the binding site for the GDNF family ligand. GFRI±1, GFRI±2, GFRI±3 and GFRI±4 are the physiological coreceptors for GDNF, neurturin, artemin and persephin, respectively. Although all GDNF family ligands signal via activated Ret, GDNF can signal also via GFRI±1 in the absence of Ret. GPIâanchored GFRI± receptors are localized in plasma membrane to lipid rafts. GDNF binding to GFRI±1 also recruits Ret to the lipid rafts and triggers association with Src, which is required for effective downstream signalling, leading to differentiation and neuronal survival. GDNF family ligands are potent survival factors for midbrain dopamine neurons, motoneurons, noradrenergic neurons, as well as for sympathetic, parasympathetic and sensory neurons. However, for most neuronal populations, except for motoneurons, TGFâI² is required as a cofactor for GDNF family ligand signalling. Because GDNF and neurturin can rescue dopamine neurons in the animal models of Parkinson disease, as well as motoneurons in vivo, hopes have been raised that GDNF family ligands may be new drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. GDNF also has distinct functions outside the nervous system, promoting ureteric branching in kidney development and regulating spermatogenesis.
First Experimental Demonstration of 5G Mobile Fronthaul Consisting of Cascaded IF-Over-Fiber Links, Frequency Converters and a Channel Selector (2018)

In this paper, 5G mobile fronthaul consisting of cascaded IF-over-Fiber links, frequency converters and a channel selector are experimentally demonstrated for the first time. It is confirmed that the system performance satisfies the requirements for 5G MFH.
Dendritic‐Like Molecules Built on a Pillar[5]arene Core as Hole Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells (2021)

Multi-branched molecules have recently demonstrated interesting behaviour as charge-transporting materials within the fields of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). For this reason, extended triarylamine dendrons have been grafted onto a pillar[5]arene core to generate dendrimer-like compounds, which have been used as hole-transporting materials (HTMs) for PSCs. The performances of the solar cells containing these novel compounds have been extensively investigated. Interestingly, a positive dendritic effect has been evidenced as the hole transporting properties are improved when going from the first to the second-generation compound. The stability of the devices based on the best performing pillar[5]arene material has been also evaluated in a high-throughput ageing setup for 500 h at high temperature. When compared to reference devices prepared from spiro-OMeTAD, the behaviour is similar. An analysis of the economic advantages arising from the use of the pillar[5]arene-based material revealed however that our pillar[5]arene-based material is cheaper than the reference.
The Amyloid-β Rise and γ-Secretase Inhibitor Potency Depend on the Level of Substrate Expression (2008)

The amyloid-beta (Abeta) peptide, which likely plays a key role in Alzheimer disease, is derived from the amyloid-beta precursor protein (APP) through consecutive proteolytic cleavages by beta-site APP-cleaving enzyme and gamma-secretase. Unexpectedly gamma-secretase inhibitors can increase the secretion of Abeta peptides under some circumstances. This "Abeta rise" phenomenon, the same inhibitor causing an increase in Abeta at low concentrations but inhibition at higher concentrations, has been widely observed. Here we show that the Abeta rise depends on the beta-secretase-derived C-terminal fragment of APP (betaCTF) or C99 levels with low levels causing rises. In contrast, the N-terminally truncated form of Abeta, known as "p3," formed by alpha-secretase cleavage, did not exhibit a rise. In addition to the Abeta rise, low betaCTF or C99 expression decreased gamma-secretase inhibitor potency. This "potency shift" may be explained by the relatively high enzyme to substrate ratio under conditions of low substrate because increased concentrations of inhibitor would be necessary to affect substrate turnover. Consistent with this hypothesis, gamma-secretase inhibitor radioligand occupancy studies showed that a high level of occupancy was correlated with inhibition of Abeta under conditions of low substrate expression. The Abeta rise was also observed in rat brain after dosing with the gamma-secretase inhibitor BMS-299897. The Abeta rise and potency shift are therefore relevant factors in the development of gamma-secretase inhibitors and can be evaluated using appropriate choices of animal and cell culture models. Hypothetical mechanisms for the Abeta rise, including the "incomplete processing" and endocytic models, are discussed.
Gene organization of DC and DX si histocompatibility complex (gene sequences/promoters/DNA-DNA hybridization/HLA antigens (2016)

The DC and DX subregions of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) have been cloned from a cosmid library made from a human B-cell line, Priess. The DC subregion, 48 kilobases, includes the DCa and DCfi genes. A second DC-like region, the DX subregion, 35 kilobases, contains the DXa gene and a newly found 13 gene termed DXf3. Since the DC and DX genes are highly homolo- gous in nucleotide sequence, gene size, exon-intron organiza- tion, and direction of transcription, the DC and DX subregions were presumably generated by duplication of an ancestral a-fi gene pair. Nucleotide sequencing indicates that all four genes have intact coding sequences and promoter regions. Homology between the upstream promoter sequences of these four genes and seven other class II genes at nucleotides -69 to -78 and -98 to -110 highlights these previously described conserved elements. Moreover, a striking conservation of flanking a- gene-specific and 13-gene-specific sequences has been observed. Comparison of Southern blots of Priess DNA with DCa and DCfi cDNA probes with isolated cosmid clones showed that (i) the human chromosome encodes only two DCa-related and two DC,3-related genes, namely, DCa, DXa, DC(3, and DXBf, and (ii) the DC and DX subregions are homozygous in Priess cells.
A dynamic model of colonic concentrations of delayed‐release 5‐aminosalicylic acid (Asacol) (2009)

This computer model suggests that Asacol can be administered as a single daily dose. The model supports experimental and clinical observations that alternate dose or route of administration may be necessary to achieve adequate 5-ASA amounts in the distal colon during acute exacerbations of ulcerative colitis. This simulation cannot account for all sources of variability in the clinical setting, but provides a rationale for further investigation.
Feedback‐based self‐learning in large‐scale conversational AI agents (2021)

Abstract Today, most of the large‐scale conversational AI agents such as Alexa, Siri, or Google Assistant are built using manually annotated data to train the different components of the system including automatic speech recognition (ASR), natural language understanding (NLU), and entity resolution (ER). Typically, the accuracy of the machine learning models in these components are improved by manually transcribing and annotating data. As the scope of these systems increase to cover more scenarios and domains, manual annotation to improve the accuracy of these components becomes prohibitively costly and time consuming. In this paper, we propose a system that leverages customer/system interaction feedback signals to automate learning without any manual annotation. Users of these systems tend to modify a previous query in hopes of fixing an error in the previous turn to get the right results. These reformulations, which are often preceded by defective experiences caused by either errors in ASR, NLU, ER, or the application. In some cases, users may not properly formulate their requests (e.g., providing partial title of a song), but gleaning across a wider pool of users and sessions reveals the underlying recurrent patterns. Our proposed self‐learning system automatically detects the errors, generates reformulations, and deploys fixes to the runtime system to correct different types of errors occurring in different components of the system. In particular, we propose leveraging an absorbing Markov Chain model as a collaborative filtering mechanism in a novel attempt to mine these patterns, and coupling it with a guardrail rewrite selection mechanism that reactively evaluates these fixes using feedback friction data. We show that our approach is highly scalable, and able to learn reformulations that reduce Alexa‐user errors by pooling anonymized data across millions of customers. The proposed self‐learning system achieves a win‐loss ratio of 11.8 and effectively reduces the defect rate by more than 30 percent on utterance level reformulations in our production A/B tests. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first self‐learning large‐scale conversational AI system in production.
Matrix Acid Stimulation - A Review of the State-Of-The-Art (2003)

Abstract Acid stimulation of oil and gas reservoirs, with a view to increasing well productivity, has been applied since the late- 19th century. Initially applied in carbonate reservoirs, the technique was extended to more complex mineralogies, over a number of years. However, it's fair to say that acid stimulation of wells is the exception rather than the rule. This probably stems from the complex, heterogeneous nature of formation minerals and the unpredictability of their response to conventional oilfield acid formulations. With inappropriate acid designs, or poor job procedures, even the best candidate wells can be damaged, sometimes irreversibly. This paper discusses the current state-of-the art in matrix acidising and makes the case for the wider implementation of acidising, as a cost-effective method for production enhancement. It reviews the many rules used today in the design of acid treatments and how these rules have evolved with improvements in our understanding of the interactions between acids, formation constituents and well tubulars. The paper also reviews the rationale behind the use of additives such as corrosion inhibitors, iron control agents, clay control additives, surfactants, solvents, anti-sludges and diverting agents, etc. and makes general recommendations on appropriate loadings, where applicable. Finally, the latest developments in acidising are considered, including the use of novel acid systems, to overcome many of the problems inherent in earlier formulations. Innovative equipment design, coupled with real-time monitoring capabilities, improved placement techniques and environmentally-friendly materials, are helping to transform acidising into a valuable asset in the quest for optimum performance from every oil and gas well. The paper references many key publications and provides the engineer with an up-to-date overview of the state-of-the-art in this very important discipline.
Photoneuromodulation makes a difficult cognitive task less arduous (2021)

A positive effect of photoneuromodulation (PNM) has been found on cognitive and emotional functions in healthy populations. However, the hemodynamic changes associated with improved cognitive functions (i.e., memory and executive functions) are unexplored. Therefore, the present study investigated the hemodynamic changes associated with PNM using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). In this experiment, 33 young healthy adults were recruited and randomly assigned to control and experimental groups. A single PNM stimulation was applied to the forehead in the experimental group, while a sham stimulation (same procedure without machine activation) was performed for the control group. Before and after the stimulation, all participants performed an n-back task with 0-and 3-back conditions to assess their working memory function, and their hemodynamic responses during the tasks were measured by fNIRS. A significant group (experimental vs. control) × time (before vs. after PNM) interaction in memory-related frontal activation was found. Specifically, only the experimental group had a significant reduction in frontal hemodynamic levels during the difficult task. Additionally, the memory-related frontal activation was significantly correlated with the immediate and delayed recall of the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test assessed at baseline. Therefore, PNM may reduce the cognitive efforts needed to complete tasks with high memory loads.
Transparente leitfähige Elektroden (2012)

Abstract Organische photoaktive Bauelemente wie organische Solarzellen oder OLEDs benötigen mindestens eine transparente leitfähige Elektrodenschicht. Auf Glassubstraten und für erste Produkte werden dazu überwiegend IndiumZinn‐Oxid (ITO) Dünnschichten eingesetzt. ITO hat hervorragende Eigenschaften und ist seit Jahren in der Industrie erprobt. Für den Einsatz in kostengünstigen, leichten und flexiblen Produkten ist das spröde und relativ teure Material aber nicht optimal, so dass neue Marktchancen für alternative Elektrodenmaterialien bestehen. Kandidaten dafür sind alternative transparente Oxide, netzwerkbasierte Elektroden aus Metallnanodrähten oder Carbon Nanotubes, leitfähige Polymere, Metalldünnschichten oder Graphene. Transparente Elektrodenschichten aus diesen Materialien sind teilweise noch im experimentellen Stadium, können aber in Zukunft ITO in ausgewählten Applikationen ersetzen.