gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Interconnect Line Patterns using Flat-Surface and Low-Dielectric-Loss Material under High Speed Signal Propagation (2007)

As increasing of requirements such as large number of input/output (I/0) and high operation frequency on semiconductor chips, high density, high speed and low power consumption are required for semiconductor package. [1] In order to meet those requirements, we developed 1) low dielectric and low dielectric loss tangent (tanδ)material (low-κ material), 2) Cu line formation technology on flat surface of insulation layer. [2] Based on those technologies, we have developed new low-κ material and have evaluated its properties. We measured signal propagation delay of test substrate based on new low-κ material with 50Ω microstrip line and confirm it showed half of signal propagation loss and 1/4 of signal propagation variation in those of current materials. We also confirm significant difference in variation of characteristic impedance and signal transmission by time domain reflectometry (TDR) and time domain transmission(TDT). Other than those evaluations, we also measured power consumption and signal transmission property with 1OOΩ microstrip line. We confirm developed low-κ material show lower power consumption and variation than those of current materials and conclude that developed low-κ material can be used for 1OOΩ design providing lower power consumption. Furthermore, in order to evaluate influence by line designs, we made 50Ω microstrip line with bending points and confirm very little influence by those micro line designs. We also confirm that obtained experimental results match with RLGC model considering skin effect and calculate breakdown of signal propagation loss by the RLGC model. This calculation show line formation technology on flat surface significantly reduce signal propagation loss, therefore, we conclude that flat surface of substrate as well as low dielectric constant and loss tangent are important. From this study, we conclude that line formation technology on flat surface, low dielectric and low loss material greatly contribute to high density, high speed and low power consumption of semiconductor package.
Machine-Learning Based Quantum Cascade Laser Design (2021)

Conventional methods for QCL design rely on optimization of the active-core layer thicknesses and compositions to achieve desired electron wavefunctions and associated lifetimes. Device performance metrics, such as threshold-current density and overall efficiency, can then be evaluated. This is an iterative and time-consuming process. Human intervention is required to identify relevant electron states, remove wavefunction hybridization, and impose structural constraints. This process often takes hundreds of iterations, and many weeks, before a reasonable design is achieved. The human intervention aspect of this process can be replaced by a data-driven methodology and deep neural networks, which can ultimately be used for inverse device design. Datasets of existing designs and corresponding performance metrics are needed to train the neural network, so that the network can develop intuitive connections between QCL designs and their performances. After training, the network is expected to accomplish a design goal in hours instead of weeks as in the conventional approach.
Alternative approaches for low temperature front surface passivation of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction solar cell (2010)

In this work, we investigated two alternative approaches for the front surface passivation of interdigitated back contact silicon heterojunction (IBC-SHJ) solar cells: (1) with plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposited (PEVCD) a-Si-based stack structure consisting of a-Si:H/a-SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> :H/a-SiC:H, and (2) with physical vapor deposited (PVD) zinc sulfide (ZnS) film. The processing temperatures for both the approaches are under 300°C. Effective surface recombination velocities (SRV) of <; 6.2cm/s and <; 35cm/s are obtained with stack structure and ZnS respectively on n-type float zone (FZ) crystalline silicon (c-Si) wafers. The anti-reflection (AR) properties of these two passivation approaches are studied and the optimization procedure of the stack structure was discussed and shown to improve the photo-generated current. The IBC-SHJ solar cells were fabricated using both the front surface passivation approaches and a 15% cell efficiency was achieved on 150μm thick FZ c-Si wafer without surface texturing and optical optimization.
Casting a wider net: Immunosurveillance by nonclassical MHC molecules (2019)

Most studies of T lymphocytes focus on recognition of classical major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I or II molecules presenting oligopeptides, yet there are numerous variations and exceptions of biological significance based on recognition of a wide variety of nonclassical MHC molecules. These include αβ and γδ T cells that recognize different class Ib molecules (CD1, MR-1, HLA-E, G, F, et al.) that are nearly monomorphic within a given species. Collectively, these T cells can be considered "unconventional," in part because they recognize lipids, metabolites, and modified peptides. Unlike classical MHC-specific cells, unconventional T cells generally exhibit limited T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) repertoires and often produce innate immune cell-like rapid effector responses. Exploiting this system in new generation vaccines for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis (TB), other infectious agents, and cancer was the focus of a recent workshop, "Immune Surveillance by Non-classical MHC Molecules: Improving Diversity for Antigens," sponsored by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases. Here, we summarize salient points presented regarding the basic immunobiology of unconventional T cells, recent advances in methodologies to measure unconventional T-cell activity in diseases, and approaches to harness their considerable clinical potential.
Understanding the differences between value prediction and instruction reuse (1998)

Recently two hardware techniques-Value Prediction (VP) and instruction proposed for exploiting the redundancy in programs to collapse data dependences. In this paper we attempt to understand the different ways in which VP and IR interact with other microarchitectural features and the impact of such interactions on net performance. More specifically we perform the following tasks: (i) we identify, the various differences between the two techniques and qualitatively discuss their microarchitectural interactions, (ii) we evaluate the impact on performance of these interactions, and (iii) since IR is more restrictive of the two techniques, we also estimate the amount of total redundancy, present in programs, that can be captured by IR. Our results show that the performance obtained by VP is sensitive to the way branches with value-speculative operands are handled. We also see that, although IR captures less amount of redundancy, it may perform equally well because it validates results early, it is non-speculative, and it reduces branch misprediction penalty. Finally, we show that 84-97% of redundancy in programs can be reused, implying that the approach of detecting redundant instructions non-speculatively, based on their operands, does not significantly restrict W's ability to capture redundancy present in programs.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Impaired IFN-α Production by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Favors Regulatory T-cell Expansion That May Contribute to Breast Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 114K, Overall survival and relapse-free survival of patients according to the presence of CD123+ pDC in primary breast carcinoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Effect of Single and Double Cold-rolling Reductions on the Planar Anisotropy of <I>r</I>-value in Sheet Steels (2000)

(1) 極低炭素鋼は低炭素鋼に比べ高い一次冷延圧下率でイヤリングが小さくなり,この時の平均r値も大きい。これは高一次冷延圧下率となる極薄のぶりき原板の製造に有利である。(2) 二次冷間圧延によりΔrは単調に減少し,その変化率に与える鋼中炭素量の影響は小さい。(3) 二次冷間圧延によるΔrの変化は,集合組織の変化に対応する。特にα-fiberの低角側の発達により,Δrは負値で大きくなる。(4) 高冷間圧下率で一次圧延を行った薄鋼板に二次圧延を施す場合,鋼中炭素量の低減が面内異方性の改善に有効である。
Mal d 2, the Thaumatin-Like Allergen from Apple, Is Highly Resistant to Gastrointestinal Digestion and Thermal Processing (2008)

Our findings suggest that Mal d 2 maintains its structure in the gastrointestinal tract, a feature essential for sensitizing the mucosal immune system and provoking allergic reactions.
Systematically characterizing the roles of E3-ligase family members in inflammatory responses with massively parallel Perturb-seq (2023)

E3 ligases regulate key processes, but many of their roles remain unknown. Using Perturb-seq, we interrogated the function of 1,130 E3 ligases, partners and substrates in the inflammatory response in primary dendritic cells (DCs). Dozens impacted the balance of DC1, DC2, migratory DC and macrophage states and a gradient of DC maturation. Family members grouped into co-functional modules that were enriched for physical interactions and impacted specific programs through substrate transcription factors. E3s and their adaptors co-regulated the same processes, but partnered with different substrate recognition adaptors to impact distinct aspects of the DC life cycle. Genetic interactions were more prevalent within than between modules, and a deep learning model, comβVAE, predicts the outcome of new combinations by leveraging modularity. The E3 regulatory network was associated with heritable variation and aberrant gene expression in immune cells in human inflammatory diseases. Our study provides a general approach to dissect gene function.
Ultrabroadband integrated photonic filters for waveguide-based sensing systems (2019)

We describe the design and characterization of broadband, multi-stage waveguide lattice filters intended for integrated photonic sensing systems. The 8-stage filter provides 20 dB extinction at the filter resonance adjacent to a 190 nm passband.
Progress in growth of high quality amorphous silicon materials (2002)

The band gap of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) can be tuned from 1.5 eV to 2.1 eV by intentionally promoting structural relaxation during film growth by using chemically active species such as hydrogen atom or excited argon. No marked changes were observed in the local silicon-silicon bonds such as bond-length and bond-angle distribution for these films although the band gaps were significantly changed. The dielectric constants (/spl epsi//sub 2/) and weight of the films was markedly reduced in the wide gap a-Si:H materials, implying that the medium range structure of Si-network was significantly altered. The light soaking stability was improved in all cases where relaxation was promoted. The novel technique termed "Chemical Annealing" shows significant potential for fabrication of improved thin film silicon solar cells.
JPH203, a LAT1 inhibitor, alleviates steroid‐resistant murine airway inflammation mediated by Th17 cells (2023)

Research data are not shared. Figure S1–S9. Appendix S1. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Supplemental Figure 4 from The Novel Glutamine Antagonist Prodrug JHU395 Has Antitumor Activity in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 4: Weight changes in non-tumored NPcis mice over one month of daily JHU395 dosing.&lt;/p&gt;
System-level process variability compensation on memory organizations: on the scalability of multi-mode memories (2009)

Process variation and the dynamism of modern applications can degrade the expected performance of a system. Execution time can be severely affected by both factors, resulting in deadline violations and energy consumption overheads. Memory organizations, which account for a large part of the system energy and the time budgets, are especially vulnerable to process variation. Configurable - multimode - memories are a promising technology to deal with these problems, but they also introduce new issues that need to be solved. Essentially, adding configuration capabilities to the memories comes with a cost, both in memory area and control complexity; hence, we need to evaluate what is the minimum amount of re-configurability to satisfy system's constraints. In this paper, we analyze the scalability of configurable memories and highlight the relationship among mode allocation, memory mapping and data allocation.
Empirical investigation on spatial templates for a diagonal spatial term (2013)

The meaning of spatial relations have been intensively studied in cognitive science research.A spatial template is one of the typical representations of spatial relations, which maps a position of a located object to its acceptability for the corresponding spatial term.Spatial templates have been investigated for several orthogonal spatial relations.However, diagonal spatial relations have attracted less attention.The present study aims at empirically determining the spatial template for a Japanese diagonal spatial term, "migiue (upper right)".The data was collected with various geometrical conditions changing the size of objects and the aspect ratio of the background.The analysis of the data revealed that the reference axis for "migiue (upper right)" was the direction of 45 , and the acceptability of the diagonal relation could be affected by the acceptable regions of the adjacent orthogonal relations.
Time delay estimation and signal reconstruction using multi-rate measurements (2003)

This paper considers the problem of fusing two low-rate sensors (e.g., microphones) for reconstructing one high-resolution signal when time delay of arrival (TDOA) is present as well. We show that under certain conditions the phase of the cross-spectrum-density of low-rate measurements becomes independent of the signal in the high-rate front end of the system. We then utilize this fact to demonstrate that it is possible to extend a class of TDOA estimation techniques known as the generalized cross correlation technique to linear-phase multi-rate sensor systems. Finally, we illustrate how the combination of the theory of linear-phase multi-rate filter banks and TDOA estimation can result in a practical, multi-sensor signal reconstruction system.
Exploring drug-induced alterations in gene expression in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by microarray hybridization (1999)

Tuberculosis is a chronic infectious disease that is transmitted by cough-propelled droplets that carry the etiologic bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Although currently available drugs kill most isolates of M. tuberculosis, strains resistant to each of these have emerged, and multiply resistant strains are increasingly widespread. The growing problem of drug resistance combined with a global incidence of seven million new cases per year underscore the urgent need for new antituberculosis therapies. The recent publication of the complete sequence of the M. tuberculosis genome has made possible, for the first time, a comprehensive genomic approach to the biology of this organism and to the drug discovery process. We used a DNA microarray containing 97% of the ORFs predicted from this sequence to monitor changes in M. tuberculosis gene expression in response to the antituberculous drug isoniazid. Here we show that isoniazid induced several genes that encode proteins physiologically relevant to the drug's mode of action, including an operonic cluster of five genes encoding type II fatty acid synthase enzymes and fbpC, which encodes trehalose dimycolyl transferase. Other genes, not apparently within directly affected biosynthetic pathways, also were induced. These genes, efpA, fadE23, fadE24, and ahpC, likely mediate processes that are linked to the toxic consequences of the drug. Insights gained from this approach may define new drug targets and suggest new methods for identifying compounds that inhibit those targets.
Association of angiotensin‐I converting enzyme DD genotype with influenza pneumonia in the elderly (2002)

Background: Although angiotensin‐I converting enzyme (ACE) is known to associate with cough reflex and inflammatory conditions, and both may participate in influenza pneumonia in the elderly, no study has been carried out on the association between influenza pneumonia and the insertion/deletion ( I/D ) polymorphism of the ACE gene ( ACE ). Methods: The subjects were 934 elderly inpatients (mean ± SD age of 82 ± 8 years) in a long‐term care hospital. The association between ACE I/D and the incidence of influenza‐pneumonia events was assessed over a winter season. Data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis, with adjustment for age, gender, already known clinical risk factors, and ACE‐inhibitor use. Results: During the follow‐up period, 330 patients developed influenza (Directigen FLU‐A) and 89 developed influenza pneumonia (Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria with chest X‐ray required), 16 fatal and 73 non‐fatal. Compared to non‐influenza subjects ( n = 604) and influenza patients without pneumonia ( n = 241), ACE DD genotype ( vs ID + II ) resulted in a significant risk for all pneumonia (relative risk 2.32 [95% CI: 1.30–4.14] and 2.76 [1.39–4.04]), non‐fatal pneumonia (1.91 [1.01–3.63] and 2.57 [1.23–5.39]) and fatal pneumonia (6.27 [1.68–23.3] and 5.15 [1.29–20.5]). Conclusion: ACE I/D polymorphism is a strong and independent risk indicator of influenza pneumonia events in elderly inpatients.
FLASSH 1.0: Full Law Analysis Scattering System Hub (2022)

Nuclear technologies, such as thermal reactors and critical systems, are driven by reaction rates which are directly dependent on thermal neutrons. The ability to calculate reaction rates is directly linked to the capability to predict and understand the cross sections. For atoms bound within a material structure, the available modes of energy exchange are captured in the Thermal Scattering Law (TSL, i.e. S(α,β)). The TSL is fundamentally a material property and can be defined explicitly to account for the excitation and deexcitation of the lattice energy states. This work describes the development of the Full Law Analysis Scattering System Hub (FLASSH) which calculates the TSL and cross sections. FLASSH is a modern code which has been designed to produce accurate TSL evaluations, remove historical approximations, and improve formulations while making advance physics accessible and simple to use.
Dispersion of titania nanoparticles in polydimethylsiloxane fluids using grafted low molecular weight polymers. (2008)

Nanoparticle interactions and their impact on particle dispersion and rheology are well known to be functions of the interfacial structure between the particle and the fluid phase. The dispersion and flow properties of a titania nanopowder were evaluated in polydimethylsiloxane fluid using ''grafted to'' surface modification of the titania with short molecular weight PDMS polymers. The interaction energy between particles was modeled using analytical expressions as well as dynamic functional theory for polymer surface chains. Particle dynamics as a function of volume fraction were characterized using light scattering, acoustic spectroscopy, and shear and oscillatory measurements. Autophobic dewetting is a novel short range interaction in this system that may be impacting the maximum packing fraction of particles in a suspension.
Integration of Adenylate Kinase and Glycolytic and Glycogenolytic Circuits in Cellular Energetics (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Abstract Introduction The Adenylate Kinase Phosphotransfer System in Cell Energetics and AMP Metabolic Signaling The Biological Role of Adenylate Kinase Adenylate Kinase Isoform-based Metabolic Network Adenylate Kinase Catalyzed β-phosphoryl Transfer and Energy Economy Adenylate Kinase–instigated AMP Metabolic Signaling and Energy Sensing Glycolysis as a Network of Phosphotransfer Circuits and Metabolite Shuttles Glycolytic Phosphotransfer Circuits Glycolytic Pi Shuttle Glycolytic Lactate Shuttle Neural Glycolytic Network: Role in Energetics and Information Processing Glycogen Energy Transfer Network: Adding a Spatial Dimension to Glycogenolysis Concluding Remarks: Integration of Phosphotransfer Pathways References
On incremental sigma-delta modulation with optimal filtering (2006)

The paper presents a quantization-theoretic framework for studying incremental sigma-delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) data conversion systems. The framework makes it possible to efficiently compute the quantization intervals and hence the transfer function of the quantizer, and to determine the mean square error (MSE) and maximum error for the optimal and conventional linear filters for first and second order incremental /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators. The results show that the optimal filter can significantly outperform conventional linear filters in terms of both MSE and maximum error. The performance of conventional /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ data converters is then compared to that of incremental /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ with optimal filtering for bandlimited signals. It is shown that incremental /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ can outperform the conventional approach in terms of signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio. The framework is also used to provide a simpler and more intuitive derivation of the Zoomer algorithm.
A multi-spark electrohydraulic shock wave generator with adjustable pressure field distribution and beam steering capability (2023)

We have demonstrated that the SAFE shock wave generator can produce an elongated non-axisymmetric pressure field with higher stone comminution efficiency. The SAFE shock wave generator may provide a flexible and versatile design to achieve accurate, stable, and safe lithotripsy for kidney stone treatment.