gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Single Sludge Deammonification Process for the Treatment of Plant Recycle Streams Containing a High Ammonium Concentration (2007)

Evaluation of the Single Sludge Deammonification Process for the Treatment of Plant Recycle Streams Containing a High Ammonium ConcentrationAn innovative biological process for the treatment of ammonium-rich plant recycle streams from the dewatering of anaerobically digested sludges ("centrate" or "rejection water") is being evaluated in North America in an unprecedented collaborative technology evaluation program between the New York City Department of Environmental Protection, the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority and...Author(s)Gregory BowdenBernhard WettImre TakacsSudhir MurthyAllen DeurMartin MusabyimanaNancy LoveSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 4: Side Stream Treatment: Nutrient RemovalDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Oct, 2007ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20071001)2007:19L.321;1-DOI10.2175/193864707786831426Volume / Issue2007 / 19Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)321 - 343Copyright2007Word count288Subject keywordsANAMMOXDEMON REGCENTRATEAMMONIUMNITRITATIONDEAMMONIFICATION
MIR 19® – world first specific antiviral drug for COVID-19 treatment: development and preclinical studies (2023)

МИР 19 ® -первый в мире специфический противовирусный препарат для лечения COVID-19: разработка и доклинические исследования 1 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Государственный научный центр «Институт иммунологии» Федерального медико-биологического агентства, 115522, г.Москва, Российская Федерация 2 Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учр еждение высшего образования «Российский национальный исследовательский медицинский университет имени Н.И.Пирогова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации, 117997, г.Москва, Российская Федерация 3 Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт вакцин и сывороток им.И.И
Method for separating components of a gas (2023)

A method is disclosed for separating components of a gas. A feed gas stream is cooled in the first vessel. The feed gas stream comprises methane, carbon dioxide, and a secondary component. A first portion of the secondary component condenses, desublimates, or a combination thereof to form a primary stream, resulting in a first depleted gas stream. The first depleted gas stream is cooled in a condensing exchanger such that a first portion of the methane condenses as a first liquid methane stream, resulting in a second depleted gas stream. The second depleted gas stream is cooled in the second vessel such that a first portion of the carbon dioxide desublimates to form a solid product stream, resulting in a third depleted gas stream.
Effects of gain medium on the plasmonic enhancement of Forster resonance energy transfer in the vicinity of a metallic particle or cavity (2014)

We perform theoretical studies on the plasmonic enhancement for the Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between a donor and an acceptor molecule in the vicinity of a metallic particle or cavity, with focus on the possible role of the addition of a clad layer of gain material can play in such a process. The results show that while the plasmonic resonances can be shifted with higher order plasmonic enhancements emerged in the presence of such a layer of gain material, optimal enhancement of the FRET rate can be achieved when gain just balances with the loss in the metal. This then leads to the existence of an optimal thickness for the gain material layer, for both particle and cavity enhancement. In addition, it is observed that the FRET efficiency can always be increased with the coating of the gain material even at the dipole plasmonic resonance when nonradiative transfer from the donor to the metal is high, provided that the gain level is not beyond a certain critical value.
Adsorption of block copolymers in selective solvents (1988)

International audience
Pyrochlore-type catalysts for the reforming of hydrocarbon fuels (2023)

A method of catalytically reforming a reactant gas mixture using a pyrochlore catalyst material comprised of one or more pyrochlores having the composition A.sub.2-w-xA'.sub.wA''.sub.xB.sub.2-y-zB'.sub.yB''.sub.zO.sub.7-.DELTA.. Distribution of catalytically active metals throughout the structure at the B site creates an active and well dispersed metal locked into place in the crystal structure. This greatly reduces the metal sintering that typically occurs on supported catalysts used in reforming reactions, and reduces deactivation by sulfur and carbon. Further, oxygen mobility may also be enhanced by elemental exchange of promoters at sites in the pyrochlore. The pyrochlore catalyst material may be utilized in catalytic reforming reactions for the conversion of hydrocarbon fuels into synthesis gas (H.sub.2+CO) for fuel cells, among other uses.
Front Matter: Volume 7893 (2011)

This PDF file contains the Front Matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7893, including the Title page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Conference Committee listing, and introduction.
2‐Pyridinylpiperazine Carboxamide Class and Related TRPV1 Antagonists (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Conclusion References
Towards Large-Scale Photonic Neural-Network Accelerators (2019)

Optical approaches to AI acceleration have gained intense interest recently due to the potentially breakthrough advantages of photonics: high bandwidth, low power consumption, and efficient data movement. We overview leading photonic AI platforms based on beamsplitter mesh networks, weight banks, and photoelectric multiplication. While the theoretical performance can be orders of magnitude beyond current state of the art, practical issues of chip area, input / output, and crosstalk paint a more nuanced near-term picture of photonic AI acceleration. Both fundamental and near-term limitations to energy efficiency are addressed, and bandwidth limitations due to temporal crosstalk are analyzed.
Phase II Nuclide Partition Laboratory Study Influence of Cellulose Degradation Products on the Transport of Nuclides from SRS Shallow Land Burial Facilities (1999)

Degradation products of cellulosic materials (e.g., paper and wood products) can significantly influence the subsurface transport of metals and radionuclides. Codisposal of radionuclides with cellulosic materials in the E-Area slit trenches at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is, therefore, expected to influence nuclide fate and transport in the subsurface. Due to the complexities of these systems and the scarcity of site-specific data, the effects of cellulose waste loading and its subsequent influence on nuclide transport are not well established.
Nanoscale Aggregation Properties of Neuroprotective Carboxyfullerene (C3) in Aqueous Solution (2004)

Water-soluble malonic acid derivatives of C60 are known to have potent antioxidant activity with potential medical applications as neuroprotective agents. It is commonly assumed that e,e,e tris-malonic acid-C60 (or C3) exists as discrete molecules solubilized in aqueous solution. In this work, C3 is revealed to aggregate in water. The aggregation properties have been studied as a function of concentration, temperature, and pH by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The C3 aggregates are polydisperse under physiological conditions, do not vary much in size as a function of concentration or temperature, and tend to larger sizes at low pH values. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and cryo-TEM have been used to visualize the morphology of the nanocrystalline aggregates. The results suggest that 40−80 nm aggregates of C3, not individual C3 molecules, are responsible for their neuroprotective action in cells.
Performance analysis of d-dimensional quantum cryptography with mode-dependent diffraction (2018)

We analyze the degraded performance of QKD that results from mode-dependent diffraction in spatial-mode-encoded QKD systems. A pre-compensation method is proposed to solve this problem without sacrificing the security.
Gallbladder Wall Thickening and Periportal Tracking on CT in Patients with Acute Pyelonephritis (2012)

Poster: ECR 2010 / C-0005 / Gallbladder wall thickening and periportal tracking at CT in patients with acute pyelonephritis by: J. S. Shin , D. J. Sung, B. J. Park, M. J. Kim, S. B. Cho, Y. W. Oh, Y. H. Kim, K. B. Chung; Seoul/KR
Computationally efficient equalization of room impulse responses robust to system estimation errors (2008)

Equalization techniques for room impulse responses (RIRs) are important in acoustic signal processing applications such as speech dereverberation. In practice, only approximate estimates of the RIRs are available and the inverse filters designed from these estimates may cause significant distortion in the equalized signal. A second issue is that existing equalizer design algorithms are computationally expensive. We here propose regularized subband equalizer design algorithm. Both the computational complexity and the robustness of the equalizer design to system estimation errors are improved. An analysis of the computational complexity and simulation examples are provided to support our study.
Evaluation of Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Repeatability and Reproducibility for Preclinical MRIs Using Standardized Procedures and a Diffusion-Weighted Imaging Phantom (2023)

Relevant to co-clinical trials, the goal of this work was to assess repeatability, reproducibility, and bias of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) for preclinical MRIs using standardized procedures for comparison to performance of clinical MRIs. A temperature-controlled phantom provided an absolute reference standard to measure spatial uniformity of these performance metrics. Seven institutions participated in the study, wherein diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data were acquired over multiple days on 10 preclinical scanners, from 3 vendors, at 6 field strengths. Centralized versus site-based analysis was compared to illustrate incremental variance due to processing workflow. At magnet isocenter, short-term (intra-exam) and long-term (multiday) repeatability were excellent at within-system coefficient of variance, wCV [±CI] = 0.73% [0.54%, 1.12%] and 1.26% [0.94%, 1.89%], respectively. The cross-system reproducibility coefficient, RDC [±CI] = 0.188 [0.129, 0.343] µm<sup>2</sup>/ms, corresponded to 17% [12%, 31%] relative to the reference standard. Absolute bias at isocenter was low (within 4%) for 8 of 10 systems, whereas two high-bias (>10%) scanners were primary contributors to the relatively high RDC. Significant additional variance (>2%) due to site-specific analysis was observed for 2 of 10 systems. Base-level technical bias, repeatability, reproducibility, and spatial uniformity patterns were consistent with human MRIs (scaled for bore size). Well-calibrated preclinical MRI systems are capable of highly repeatable and reproducible ADC measurements.
Targeted delivery of TLR ligands to human and mouse dendritic cells strongly enhances adjuvanticity (2011)

Effective vaccines consist of 2 components: immunodominant antigens and effective adjuvants. Whereas it has been demonstrated that targeted delivery of antigens to dendritic cells (DCs) improves vaccine efficacy, we report here that co-targeting of TLR ligands (TLRLs) to DCs strongly enhances adjuvanticity and immunity. We encapsulated ligands for intracellular TLRs within biodegradable nanoparticles coated with Abs recognizing DC-specific receptors. Targeted delivery of TLRLs to human DCs enhanced the maturation and production of immune stimulatory cytokines and the Ag-specific activation of naive CD8(+) T cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that nanoparticles carrying Ag induced cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses at 100-fold lower adjuvant dose when TLRLs were co-encapsulated instead of administered in soluble form. Moreover, the efficacy of these targeted TLRLs reduced the serum cytokine storm and related toxicity that is associated with administration of soluble TLRLs. We conclude that the targeted delivery of adjuvants may improve the efficacy and safety of DC-based vaccines.
The Apocalypse as a Rhetorical Device in the Influenza Virus Gain-of-Function Debate (2014)

The views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect the views of the journal or of ASM. 

> Abuse of words has been the great instrument of sophistry and chicanery, of party, faction, and division of society.
> 
> -John AdamsHumans are notoriously poor at assessing future benefits and risks. Consider nuclear power, which was born from a program to develop a weapon of mass destruction. When nuclear power was developed for commercial purposes, the risk was thought to be minimal and no one anticipated the disasters at Three Mile Island, Chernobyl, and Fukushima. On the other hand, no one initially anticipated the benefits of radioactive nucleotides and radiation in medicine, archeological dating, smoke detectors, and sterilization of food and medical devices. In the mid-1970s, scientists fretted that recombinant DNA technology would unleash a plague of new infectious diseases and convened a conference at Asilomar that put in place a self-enforced moratorium until the process was better understood (1). Four decades later, no superbugs have appeared from recombinant DNA technology, and society is reaping the rewards of the molecular biology revolution in new drugs, DNA identification, personal genomics, and pest-resistant plants. In the late 1990s, many worried about the Y2K computer bug, which it was feared would cripple computer systems and associated infrastructure such as banking, but the new millennium came and went without a ripple. Today we have falling rates of vaccine acceptance because of widely believed yet discredited associations between …
Human monoclonal antibodies that recognize conserved epitopes in the core-lipid A region of lipopolysaccharides. (1987)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-transformed human B lymphocytes were fused with a murine-human heteromyeloma to produce stable hybrid cell lines that secreted human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) of the IgM class that recognized conserved epitopes in the core-lipid A region of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). Three of the mAbs reacted with epitopes on the lipid A moiety, while a fourth recognized a determinant in the core oligosaccharide. The lipid A-specific mAbs cross-reacted with heterologous rough LPS and with lipid As released by acid hydrolysis of different intact (smooth) LPS. Carbohydrate groups in the O-side chain and core oligosaccharide of isolated, smooth LPS restricted antibody access to antigenic sites on lipid A. Yet, one lipid A-reactive mAb recognized its epitope on the surfaces of a variety of intact bacteria. These findings confirm the presence of highly conserved epitopes in the core-lipid A complex and prove the existence of human B cell clones with the potential for secreting high avidity IgM antibodies that react with these widely shared determinants. Such human mAbs might provide protective activity against disease caused by diverse gram-negative bacteria.
New Generation Amphoteric Comb-like Copolymer Superplasticizer and Its Properties (2011)

The incorporation of high performance superplasticizers in concrete is one of the most effective and economic technological methods for achieving sustainable development in the concrete industry. Conventional polyelectrolyte-type superplasticizers have some defects, e.g. poor dispersibility, large slump loss, increasing the shrinkage of concrete and pollution when being manufactured. Although the new generation of comb-like polycarboxylate superplasticizers has remarkable benefits in practice, it also has the shortcoming of low saturation dosage. In this study, based on adsorption-dispersion mechanism of dispersant and polyampholyte solution theory, a new class of amphoteric comb-like copolymer superplasticizer (PACP) was designed and synthesized. The effects of PACP on water reduction, setting, compressive strength, hydration and pore structure were investigated systematically. Results show that PACP can be dosed in small amounts to obtain a water reduction up to 45%. The addition of PACP also does not retard cement hydration and significantly increases the compressive strength of hardened concrete at early and ultimate stages. Moreover, PACP can further improve the rate of heat evolution, delays the time to reach the highest hydration temperature and refines the pore structure of hardened cement paste markedly, leading to decreases of porosity and average pore size.
MIMO multi-user secrecy rate analysis (2014)

In this paper, we consider the broadcast channel with confidential messages and eavesdroppers (BCCE), where a multi-antenna base station simultaneously communicates to multiple potentially malicious users, in the presence of external eavesdroppers randomly located according to a Poisson point process (PPP). By using techniques from stochastic geometry and random matrix theory, we obtain explicit expressions for the secrecy outage probability and mean secrecy rate achievable with regularized channel inversion precoding. We show that both these metrics scale as -4fe, where N is the number of transmit antennas and A <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> is the density of external eavesdroppers.
Thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cells with low intragrain defect density made via laser crystallization and epitaxial growth (2010)

The case for thin-film polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) solar cells is strong as it combines the cost benefit of thin-films and the quality potential of crystalline Si technology. The challenge is in making high-quality pc-Si layers on non-Si substrates. By studying layers based on aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) we previously showed that electrically active intragrain defects are a major limiting factor for thin-film polycrystalline silicon solar cells. This paper investigates the use of a recently proposed novel scanning-laser based mixed-phase solidification (MPS) process which results in large grains with a low intragrain defect density, as well as a narrow grain size distribution and strong surface crystallographic texture. Through subsequent epitaxial growth, absorber layers with the desired doping and thickness can be obtained. Defect etching and TEM measurements demonstrate the drastically decreased intragrain defect density compared to the AIC-based samples. The most efficient solar cell so far has an energy conversion efficiency of 5.4% and open circuit voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> ) of around 500mV. From the preliminary results obtained, we conclude that mixed phase solidification is an attractive technique to crystallize seed layers for thin-film silicon solar cells.
Scene Graph Modification Based on Natural Language Commands (2020)

Structured representations like graphs and parse trees play a crucial role in many Natural Language Processing systems. In recent years, the advancements in multi-turn user interfaces necessitate the need for controlling and updating these structured representations given new sources of information. Although there have been many efforts focusing on improving the performance of the parsers that map text to graphs or parse trees, very few have explored the problem of directly manipulating these representations. In this paper, we explore the novel problem of graph modification, where the systems need to learn how to update an existing scene graph given a new user's command. Our novel models based on graph-based sparse transformer and cross attention information fusion outperform previous systems adapted from the machine translation and graph generation literature. We further contribute our large graph modification datasets to the research community to encourage future research for this new problem.
Low-voltage differentially-signaled modulators (2023)

Photonic modulators and methods of modulating an input optical signal are provided. A photonic modulator includes at least one modulator section and differential drive circuitry. The at least one modulator section includes a P-type layer and an N-type layer forming a PN junction in the modulator section. The differential drive circuitry is electrically coupled to the P-type layer and the N-type layer of the at least one modulator section.
Altered MicroRNA Expression Profile in Human Pituitary GH Adenomas: Down-Regulation of miRNA Targeting HMGA1, HMGA2, and E2F1 (2012)

Our study identifies a specific subset of miRNA, whose down-regulation might contribute to pituitary tumorigenesis.
Preliminary studies on development of a novel subunit vaccine targeting Clostridium perfringens mucolytic enzymes for the control of necrotic enteritis in broilers (2019)

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a pervasive enteric disease responsible for large scale economic losses within the global poultry industry. The etiologic agent of NE is Clostridium perfringens (CP), an opportunistic pathogen that utilizes numerous extracellular toxins and glycoside hydrolases (GH) as key virulence and nutrient acquisition factors. Notably, some GH, mucinases, degrade components of mucin in the gastrointestinal tract as an energy source. Targeting this mechanism may serve to reduce the incidence of disease associated with CP. Two experiments were completed that evaluated mucinase vaccine targets sourced from conserved peptide sequences of carbohydrate binding module 32 of CP mucinases. In experiment 1, 37 antigen peptides were synthetically generated and used to produce hyper-immune sera, which was then evaluated for ability to obstruct CP growth in vitro. Total CFU of CP were measured at 4, 6, and 8 h incubation to determine growth rate. Peptides 4, 5, 22, 24, and 30 were selected for further in vivo testing based on conservation or the ability to inhibit CP growth by over 50% at 6 and 8 h. In experiment 2, the aforementioned peptides were conjugated to an agonistic, CD40-targetting antibody and evaluated in vivo. Broilers were given an Eimeria maxima and CP in order to induce NE and assess vaccine efficacy. Treatments included a non-vaccinated non-inoculated control, non-vaccinated inoculated control (NVIC), vaccination with peptide 4, 5, 22, 24, or 30 (VP4-VP30), or a combination of all 5 peptides (MC). There was a significant increase (P < 0.05) in the percent change in BWG relative to NVIC for vaccination with peptide 22 and MC of 18.54 and 17.43%, respectively. MC vaccinated group had the lowest lesions with a mean score of 0.63 ± 0.18. These results suggest the MC combination was the most successful in alleviating overall performance losses associated with NE-infected broilers and encourage future testing of MC in the development of an NE vaccine.
First Synthesis of Continuous Mesoporous Copper Films with Uniformly Sized Pores by Electrochemical Soft Templating (2016)

Although mesoporous metals have been synthesized by electrochemical methods, the possible compositions have been limited to noble metals (e.g., palladium, platinum, gold) and their alloys. Herein we describe the first fabrication of continuously mesoporous Cu films using polymeric micelles as soft templates to control the growth of Cu under sophisticated electrochemical conditions. Uniformly sized mesopores are evenly distributed over the entire film, and the pore walls are composed of highly crystalized Cu.