gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Layer Time Control for Large Scale Additive Manufacturing Using High Performance Computing (2022)

This work proposes to optimize an additive manufacturing AM process to reduce energy and printing cost. The polymer AM process is inherently dependent on the time-temperature history of each layer to maintain geometric tolerances and mechanical integrity. Our preliminary study shows that regression-based layer time control model using thermal images could result in up to 30% build time reduction for simple geometries. This proposed work would use high-performance computing (HPC) to couple the data-driven model with thermal simulation for better predicting layer temperature profiles, improving throughput of large-scale additive manufacturing, and reducing its energy cost.We have developed a method to optimize a layer deposition time (a.k.a. layer time) for large-scale AM via physics-based simulations. A long layer time leads to an over-cooled surface on which a new layer is deposited, and therefore, it may result in a weak bonding or debonding between layers, cracking, or warping. A short layer time leads to a high temperature of the structure due to insufficient cooling, and therefore, the structure may not be stiff enough and may collapse during manufacturing. Therefore, it is important to estimate the optimal layer time in additive manufacturing for a high-quality product. The temperature of a top layer right before deposition is recommended to be slightly higher than the glass temperature of the material. A temperature cooling was approximated to an exponential function of time, and the optimized layer time was obtained based on a target temperature while maintaining a minimal printing time. The material used is carbon fiber-reinforced polycarbonate (CF/PC), and the large-scale deposition system used is LSAMTM from Thermwood Corporation. Three different layer time cases were used for experiments, and a series of thermal images were obtained via an infra-red (IR) camera during the entire AM processes. AM process simulations were performed using a finite element method and the temperature profiles from the simulation were in good agreements with those from experiments. The layer time optimization was performed based on the temperature profiles from the simulations. A layer temperature with the optimal layer time was confirmed as the target temperature through simulation.In addition to the development of a layer time optimization method, we have developed a numerical framework for AM simulation with element activations in sync with toolpath, based on an open source finite element framework, DEAL.II.A major portion of this work was presented at SAMPE 2022 Conference and Exhibition on May 2022, and published in Proceedings of SAMPE 2022.
An untethered shoe with vibratory feedback for improving gait of Parkinson's Patients: The PDShoe (2012)

Subjects with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have trouble with ambulation. Some research has shown that auxiliary cueing in the form of vision, audio, or vibration can improve the gait of PD patients. We have developed a new vibratory feedback shoe, known as the PDShoe, which builds on existing research. This device can modulate both frequency and amplitude of feedback for the wearer. It is untethered, and thus can be worn during daily activities. Pressure and tactor status data are transmitted wirelessly over a personal area network to a notebook computer. This computer can also control the tactor actuation and stimulation frequency. This paper describes the details of design and construction of the PDShoe. A preliminary evaluation with four Parkinson's disease subjects and two healthy subjects is included to show the usability of the device.
Exploratory and Confirmatory Gene Expression Profiling of mac1Δ (2004)

Exploratory outlier identification methods and confirmatory gene expression studies showed induction of the iron regulon in Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking Mac1p, a copper-responsive transcription factor. The Aft1p/Aft2p binding motif was the most discriminating motif between up- and down-regulated genes, and we identified new genes potentially regulated by Aft1p/Aft2p. In addition, multiple genes encoding proteins containing Fe-S clusters were down-regulated suggesting metabolic reorganization to conserve iron in mac1Delta. Null mutants of each of the differentially expressed genes were characterized for copper- or iron-related phenotypes. New or additional support for a role in copper and iron homeostasis is provided in this study for the gene products of AKR1, MRS4, PCA1, SSU1, TIS11, YBR047W, YHL035C, YHR045W, YLR047C, YLR126C, and YTP1.
Let the sun shine in: mechanisms and potential for therapeutics in skin photodamage. (2007)

Photoaging and photocarcinogenesis are the two Janus faces of skin photodamage. Reactivity-based design of prototype agents that antagonize, modulate and reverse the chemistry of skin photodamage holds promise in delivering unprecedented therapeutic benefit. In contrast to structure-based approaches that use selective ligands to target macromolecules, reactivity-based drug discovery uses chemical reagents as therapeutics to target reactive chemical species as key mediators of skin photo-oxidative stress. The following classes of reactivity-based agents for skin photoprotection can be distinguished based on their mechanism of action: direct antagonists of photo-oxidative stress (sunscreens, quenchers of photo-excited states, antioxidants, redox modulators and glycation inhibitors) and skin photo-adaptation inducers (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2] activators, heat-shock response inducers and metallothionein inducers).
Combined Genome Scans for Body Stature in 6,602 European Twins: Evidence for Common Caucasian Loci (2007)

Twin cohorts provide a unique advantage for investigations of the role of genetics and environment in the etiology of variation in common complex traits by reducing the variance due to environment, age, and cohort differences. The GenomEUtwin (http://www.genomeutwin.org) consortium consists of eight twin cohorts (Australian, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish, and United Kingdom) with the total resource of hundreds of thousands of twin pairs. We performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of one of the most heritable human complex traits, adult stature (body height) using genome-wide scans performed for 3,817 families (8,450 individuals) derived from twin cohorts from Australia, Denmark, Finland, Netherlands, Sweden, and United Kingdom with an approximate ten-centimorgan microsatellite marker map. The marker maps for different studies differed and they were combined and related to the sequence positions using software developed by us, which is publicly available (https://apps.bioinfo.helsinki.fi/software/cartographer.aspx). Variance component linkage analysis was performed with age, sex, and country of origin as covariates. The covariate adjusted heritability was 81% for stature in the pooled dataset. We found evidence for a major QTL for human stature on 8q21.3 (multipoint logarithm of the odds 3.28), and suggestive evidence for loci on Chromosomes X, 7, and 20. Some evidence of sex heterogeneity was found, however, no obvious female-specific QTLs emerged. Several cohorts contributed to the identified loci, suggesting an evolutionarily old genetic variant having effects on stature in European-based populations. To facilitate the genetic studies of stature we have also set up a website that lists all stature genome scans published and their most significant loci (http://www.genomeutwin.org/stature_gene_map.htm).
Gamma-ray compton light source development at LLNL (2007)

A new class of tunable, monochromatic λ-ray sources capable of operating at high peak and average brightness is currently being developed at LLNL for nuclear photo-science and applications. These novel systems are based on Compton scattering of laser photons by a high brightness relativistic electron beam produced by an rf photoinjector. A prototype, capable of producing ≫ 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">8</sup> 0.7 MeV photons in a single shot, with a fractional bandwidth of 1%, and a repetition rate of 10 Hz, is currently under construction at LLNL; this system will be used to perform nuclear resonance fluorescence experiments. A new symmetrized S-band rf gun, using a Mg photocathode, will produce up to 1 nC of charge in an 8 ps bunch, with a normalized emittance modeled at 0.8 mm.mrad; electrons are subsequently accelerated up to 120 MeV to interact with a 500 mJ, 10 ps, 355 nm laser pulse and generate γ-rays. The laser front end is a fiber-based system, using corrugated-fiber Bragg gratings for stretching, and drives both the frequency-quadrupled photocathode illumination laser and the Nd:YAG interaction laser. Two new technologies are used in the laser: a hyper-Michelson temporal pulse stacker capable of producing 8 ps square UV pulses, and a hyper-dispersion compressor for the interaction laser. Other key technologies, basic scaling laws, and recent experimental results will also be presented, along with an overview of future research and development directions.
Low‐Temperature Solution‐Processed Memory Transistors Based on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (2009)

We report on thin!film transistors based on ZnO nanoparticles processed from solution and with a maximum temperature of 100 °C. Electron mobilities up to 2.5 cm2V−1s−1 are obtained, and top-gate TFTs show non-volatile memory properties with a large, stable hysteresis and a memory ratio of 105. Memory TFTs operate in ambient, have good shelf-life (>6 months), and useful endurance properties.
Structure of the Chlamydia Protein CADD Reveals a Redox Enzyme That Modulates Host Cell Apoptosis (2004)

The Chlamydia protein CADD (Chlamydia protein associating with death domains) has been implicated in the modulation of host cell apoptosis via binding to the death domains of tumor necrosis factor family receptors. Transfection of CADD into mammalian cells induces apoptosis. Here we present the CADD crystal structure, which reveals a dimer of seven-helix bundles. Each bundle contains a di-iron center adjacent to an internal cavity, forming an active site similar to that of methane mono-oxygenase hydrolase. We further show that CADD mutants lacking critical metal-coordinating residues are substantially less effective in inducing apoptosis but retain their ability to bind to death domains. We conclude that CADD is a novel redox protein toxin unique to Chlamydia species and propose that both its redox activity and death domain binding ability are required for its biological activity.
Millimeter-Wave Channel Measurements and Analysis for Statistical Spatial Channel Model in In-Building and Urban Environments at 28 GHz (2017)

The millimeter-wave (mm-wave) band will be a key component of fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication systems. This paper presents radio propagation measurements and analysis investigating the wideband directional channel characteristics of the mm-wave transmission for in-building and urban cellular communication systems in the 28-GHz band. Based on the measurements, we analyze and model the spatio-temporal channel characteristics such as multipath delay, angular statistics, and path loss. In particular we investigate the clustering of the multipath components, and investigate both the intra-cluster and inter-cluster distributions. Based on these investigations, we present a complete channel model suitable for system simulations in the in-building and urban environments.
State dependence and temporal evolution of resistance in projected phase change memory (2020)

Phase change memory (PCM) is being actively explored for in-memory computing and neuromorphic systems. The ability of a PCM device to store a continuum of resistance values can be exploited to realize arithmetic operations such as matrix-vector multiplications or to realize the synaptic efficacy in neural networks. However, the resistance variations arising from structural relaxation, 1/f noise, and changes in ambient temperature pose a key challenge. The recently proposed projected PCM concept helps to mitigate these resistance variations by decoupling the physical mechanism of resistance storage from the information-retrieval process. Even though the device concept has been proven successfully, a comprehensive understanding of the device behavior is still lacking. Here, we develop a device model that captures two key attributes, namely, resistance drift and the state dependence of resistance. The former refers to the temporal evolution of resistance, while the latter refers to the dependence of the device resistance on the phase configuration of the phase change material. The study provides significant insights into the role of interfacial resistance in these devices. The model is experimentally validated on projected PCM devices based on antimony and a metal nitride fabricated in a lateral device geometry and is also used to provide guidelines for material selection and device engineering.
Detection of Prion Protein in Urine-Derived Injectable Fertility Products by a Targeted Proteomic Approach (2011)

The presence of protease-sensitive prion protein in urinary-derived injectable fertility products containing hCG, hMG, and hMG-HP suggests that prions may co-purify in these products. Intramuscular injection is a relatively efficient route of transmission of human prion disease, and young women exposed to prions can be expected to survive an incubation period associated with a minimal inoculum. The risks of urine-derived fertility products could now outweigh their benefits, particularly considering the availability of recombinant products.
Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains isolated in Argentina (South America) are different from those recovered in North America and present a higher risk for humans (2016)

Close contact with pigs/pork products, a good surveillance system, and the presence of potentially virulent Eurasian-like serotype 2 strains in Argentina may be an important factor contributing to the higher number of human cases observed. In fact, Argentina is now fifth among Western countries regarding the number of reported human cases after the Netherlands, France, the UK and Poland.
The Colorectal Cancer Gene Hunt: Current Findings (1992)

Identification of four genes, each with its own clinical significance, promises probes for early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in the near future. It also suggests possibilities for new forms of chemotherapy to offset the effects of mutated or lost genes. Given the "moving target" of metastasis, this is likely to be a more fruitful approach than gene replacement--and a more immediate one.
Deep Autoregressive Models for the Efficient Variational Simulation of Many-Body Quantum Systems (2020)

Artificial neural networks were recently shown to be an efficient representation of highly entangled many-body quantum states. In practical applications, neural-network states inherit numerical schemes used in variational Monte Carlo method, most notably the use of Markov-chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling to estimate quantum expectations. The local stochastic sampling in MCMC caps the potential advantages of neural networks in two ways: (i) Its intrinsic computational cost sets stringent practical limits on the width and depth of the networks, and therefore limits their expressive capacity; (ii) its difficulty in generating precise and uncorrelated samples can result in estimations of observables that are very far from their true value. Inspired by the state-of-the-art generative models used in machine learning, we propose a specialized neural-network architecture that supports efficient and exact sampling, completely circumventing the need for Markov-chain sampling. We demonstrate our approach for two-dimensional interacting spin models, showcasing the ability to obtain accurate results on larger system sizes than those currently accessible to neural-network quantum states.
T-cell receptor affinity and avidity defines antitumor response and autoimmunity in T-cell immunotherapy (2013)

T cells expressing antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) can mediate effective tumor regression, but they often also are accompanied by autoimmune responses. To determine the TCR affinity threshold defining the optimal balance between effective antitumor activity and autoimmunity in vivo, we used a unique self-antigen system comprising seven human melanoma gp100(209-217)-specific TCRs spanning physiological affinities (1-100 μM). We found that in vitro and in vivo T-cell responses are determined by TCR affinity, except in one case that was compensated by substantial CD8 involvement. Strikingly, we found that T-cell antitumor activity and autoimmunity are closely coupled but plateau at a defined TCR affinity of 10 µM, likely due to diminished contribution of TCR affinity to avidity above the threshold. Together, these results suggest that a relatively low-affinity threshold is necessary for the immune system to avoid self-damage, given the close relationship between antitumor activity and autoimmunity. The low threshold, in turn, indicates that adoptive T-cell therapy treatment strategies using in vitro-generated high-affinity TCRs do not necessarily improve efficacy.
ARRY-502, a potent, selective, oral CRTh2 antagonist reduces Th2 mediators in patients with mild to moderate Th2-driven asthma (2014)

Asthma and other allergic diseases are associated with mast cell activation and prostaglandin D 2 (PGD 2 ) generation. PGD 2 exerts pro-inflammatory activity via chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTh2). The safety and efficacy of CRTh2 antagonist ARRY-502 was studied in mild atopic asthmatic adults in a double-blind, placebo-controlled 4 week phase 2a study. Enrolled patients were free of inhaled corticosteroids with an FEV1% predicted of 60-85%. Potential participants were screened and randomized to receive 200 mg BID ARRY-502 (n = 93) or matching placebo (n = 91). In patients with elevated Th2 associated biomarkers at baseline there were significant improvements in spirometric outcomes, measures of asthma control and quality of life. In addition, there was a significant reduction in markers of Th2 driven inflammation in these patients. For example, patients that exhibited FENO levels at or above the median value of 48 ppb at baseline experienced a reduction in FENO of 27.0 ppb (p&amp;lt;0.0001) at week 4 in the ARRY-502 group versus placebo group. This indicates significant anti-inflammatory activity of ARRY-502 via CRTh2 antagonism. Other markers of Th2 inflammation were also reduced including serum periostin, serum squamous cell carcinoma antigens 1 &amp; 2, serum TARC (CCL17), and blood CRTh2 + eosinophils. These results imply that ARRY-502 controls multiple Th2 inflammatory pathways and could be beneficial in patients that suffer from other Th2-driven allergic diseases like atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis.
Validation and benchmarking of two particle-in-cell codes for a glow discharge (2016)

The two particle-in-cell codes EDIPIC and LSP are benchmarked and validated for a parallel-plate glow discharge in helium, in which the axial electric field had been carefully measured, primarily to investigate and improve the fidelity of their collision models. The scattering anisotropy of electron-impact ionization, as well as the value of the secondary-electron emission yield, are not well known in this case. The experimental uncertainty for the emission yield corresponds to a factor of two variation in the cathode current. If the emission yield is tuned to make the cathode current computed by each code match the experiment, the computed electric fields are in excellent agreement with each other, and within about 10\% of the experimental value. The non-monotonic variation of the width of the cathode fall with the applied voltage seen in the experiment is reproduced by both codes. The electron temperature in the negative glow is within experimental error bars for both codes, but the density of slow trapped electrons is underestimated. A more detailed code comparison done for several synthetic cases of electron-beam injection into helium gas shows that the codes are in excellent agreement for ionization rate, as well as for elastic and excitation collisions with isotropic scattering pattern. The remaining significant discrepancies between the two codes are due to differences in their electron binary-collision models, and for anisotropic scattering due to elastic and excitation collisions.
The structure of 3,5-di-O-benzoyl-1,2-dideoxy-1-phenyl-β-D-ribofuranose, C25H22O5 (1985)

Mr=402.4, orthorhombic, P212~2 l, a=
4-946 (1), b= 15.887 (2), c=26.555 (2)A, V=
2086.7 (5) A 3, Z = 4, D x = 1.28 gcm -a, Cu Ka, 2 =
1.5418/k, B = 6.868 cm -1, F(000) = 848, T= 293 K,
final R =0.054 for 648 observed reflections. The
molecule is propeller shaped. The benzoyl groups act as
protecting groups and the phenyl group is a base
substitute. The crystal structure does not involve any
intermolecular stacking interactions between the phenyl
groups. The molecules pack in typical herring-bone-like
arrays. The sugar has a fl-D configuration with
C(2')-endo-C(3')-exo pucker (2T3), pseudorotation
angle P = 172 (2) °, degree of pucker r m = 39 (2) °.
Evaluating and Improving a Self-Help Technical Support Web Site: Use of Focus Group Interviews (2006)

It is critical to understand user requirements in Web site development. As a method of user requirements analysis for a self-help technical support Web site, focus group interviews can be a very efficient and effective approach both before the interface has been designed and after it has been in use for some time. This article shows how focus group interviews were used to develop a self-help technical support Web site for print quality troubleshooting. It also shows how focus group interviews led to improvements in the efficiency and effectiveness of the Web site. In addition, the article classifies the critical usability issues identified and shows how the feedback from focus group interviews is reflected in the Web site development. Finally, experimental results demonstrate that the use of focus group interviews significantly improved user performance and preference.