gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Absolute Quantification Method for Protein Concentration (2014)

A fast and accurate assay to determine the absolute concentration of proteins is described based on direct measurement of droplet entrapped oligomer formation in electrospray. Here we demonstrate the approach using electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), which can distinguish monomers and dimers from higher order oligomers. A key feature of the method is that it allows determination of the absolute number concentration of proteins eliminating the need for protein-specific calibration. The method was demonstrated by measuring the concentration of a NIST Standard Reference Material 927e (bovine serum albumin), a high-purity immunoglobulin G 1κ, and a formulated Rituximab. The method may be applied to any electrospray source, regardless of diagnostic tool (e.g., MS or ion-mobility, etc.), provided the electrospray is operated in a droplet-fission mode.
146-nm Light Induced Crosslinking of Poly(vinylphenol) and Its Silylation. (2001)

146-nm Light induced photolysis of poly(vinylphenol) (PVP) thin film (50-60nm) and vapor phase silylation of the irradiated PVP film were studied. On irradiation at 146nm under nitrogen atmosphere, insolubilization of PVP film was observed and the efficiency increased with molecular weight of PVP. A crosslinking mechanism was proposed based on the FT-IR spectroscopy which showed the decrease of the peaks due to O-H (3360cm-1), C=C (1515cm-1) and C-O (1242cm-1) bonds on irradiation. Vapor phase silylation of PVP thin film was carried out using dimethylsilyldimethylamine (DMSDMA) as a silylatiog reagent. The silylation of PVP was inhibited on irradiation at 146nm. The inhibition was enhanced when molecular weight of PVP increased.
Ion chromatography with low-capacity resins and low-conductivity eluents (1980)

Strong-base anion exchangers with capacities ranging from 0.04 to 1.46 mequiv./g and from 0.0016 to 0.024 mequiv./g are prepared from Amberlite XAD resins. Distribution ratios of common inorganic and organic anions decrease with decreasing resin capacity, but selectivity coefficients are essentially constant for most of the anions studied;The effect of resin capacity on the distribution ratios for some of the metals that form anionic chloro complexes is also studied. The low-capacity resins are shown to be useful for practical chromatographic separations of mixtures containing palladium(II), platinum(IV), gold(III), bismuth(III) and mercury(II);A new and simple system of anion chromatography is described for the separation and determination of inorganic and organic anions. The anions are separated on a column containing a macroporous anion-exchange resin of a low capacity (0.007-0.07 mequiv./g). Only a dilute solution of an aromatic organic acid salt is needed as the eluent. The eluent conductance is sufficiently low so that a suppressor column is not needed and the separated anions can be detected with a simple conductance detector. Numerous examples of actual separations are shown. In some cases, concentrations of anions below 1 ppm could be detected. Equations are developed to help separate difficult mixtures of anions;A system of cation chromatography is described in which metal and ammonium ions are separated on a cation-exchange column of low capacity and are detected with a conductivity detector. No suppressor column is needed. A nitric acid eluent is used to separate mixtures of alkali metal and ammonium ions, and an eluent containing an ethylenediammonium salt is used for the separation of alkaline earth metal ions. The new method is used to determine sodium, potassium, ammonium, magnesium and calcium in drinking water;('1)DOE Reports IS-T-916. This work was performed under contract W-7405-Eng-82 with the U.S. Department of Energy.
Genomic variation in C. albicans. (1996)

Candida albicans displays many types of variation which affect a broad spectrum of phenotypes. Among them are antigenic, chromosomal, morphologic, and biochemical variation. The ability to modulate many phenotypes is clearly an important factor in the success of this fungus as a pathogen and variation at the genomic level may be the common denominator among the different systems. Genomic variation in C. albicans has been studied by many researchers and a number of different mechanisms have been identified. Among them are ploidy fluctuations, which allow the organism to cycle from 2n chromosome number to 4n or higher; translocation, which has been demonstrated to involve many different chromosomes and affects many phenotypes including virulence; mitotic recombination, which has been demonstrated to increase resistance to certain drugs; and nondisjunction, which has been shown to have morphological consequences. The number and diversity of these mechanisms combine to make C. albicans a highly successful organism. Although normally a commensal of humans, when invasive, C. albicans can inhabit almost any site in the body. It is not known what governs the transition of C. albicans from a commensal to pathogenic invader, however, variation at the genomic level likely plays a role. One possible consequence of variation is the generation of atypical strains, further expanding the documented phenotypic plasticity of this organism. The exposure of patients to cytotoxic drugs during treatment of such diseases as AIDS or cancer increases the selective pressure and has exacerbated both the frequency and degree of variability observed in C. albicans. The molecular analysis of genomic variation in C. albicans is proving to be a fertile area of research and future investigations can only be expected to add to the mechanisms documented in this review.
LOS MIMO Design based on Multiple Optimum Antenna Separations (2018)

The use of multiple antennas in a transmit and receive antenna array for MIMO wireless communication allows the spatial degrees of freedom in rich scattering environments to be exploited. However, for line-of-sight (LOS) MIMO channels with uniform linear arrays (ULAs) at the transmitter and receiver, the antenna separations at the transmit and receive array need to be optimized to maximize the spatial degrees of freedom and the channel capacity. In this paper, we first revisit the derivation of the optimum antenna separation at the transmit and receive ULAs in a LOS MIMO system, and provide the general expression for the optimum antenna separation product, which consists of multiple solutions. Although only the solution corresponding to the smallest antenna separation product is usually considered in the literature, we exploit the multiple solutions for a LOS MIMO design over a range of distances between the transmitter and receiver. In particular, we consider the LOS MIMO design in a vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication scenario, over a range of distances between the transmit and receive vehicle.
Burkitt’s Lymphoma of the Ovary in Pregnancy (2006)

The finding of an adnexal mass in conjunction with head and neck symptoms led to consideration of Burkitt's lymphoma. Prompt treatment with multiagent chemotherapy should be considered for pregnant patients with Burkitt's lymphoma.
Role of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase in the metabolism of fairy chemicals in rice (2023)

We have revealed the function of HGPRT and the existence of novel purine metabolism associated with the biosynthesis and metabolism of AHX and AOH in rice.
Ultrasound to facilitate passage of distal ureteral stones (2021)

Feasibility of ultrasonic propulsion and burst wave lithotripsy (BWL) to noninvasively reposition distal ureteral stones to facilitate passage and relieve pain was tested. Patients presenting to the clinic or emergency department were recruited. Thirteen subjects underwent ultrasonic propulsion (lower amplitude, longer duration pulses) alone, and 10 subjects also received intermittent BWL (higher amplitude, shorter duration pulses). All participants were awake and underwent a pain assessment pre- and post-procedure. For analysis, subjects were sub-categorized based on whether their stone was acute or chronic (present for ≤10 days or &amp;gt;10 days from their initial ED or symptomatic presentation, respectively). Seventeen subjects were enrolled in the acute study population and 6 subjects were enrolled in the chronic population. Overall, 94% of acute stones passed in an average of 3.4 days post-procedure relative to 54% in 7.5 days in the American Urological Association guidelines. 67% of chronic cases passed stones or fragments, and two surgeries were cancelled. Pain reduction was statistically significant (p = 0.0215). Adverse events were limited to hematuria on initial urination post-procedure (BWL only, n = 3) and a mild sensation, akin to a pinprick, associated with fewer than 10 of 620 propulsion bursts (n = 3). [Work supported by NIH-P01-DK04331.]
Development of an optical instrument transformer for DC voltage measurement (1993)

This paper deals with the principles, design, assembly, testing results and practical application of a new type of optical voltage instrument transformer based on the Pockels effect, developed for the measurement of DC voltage, with a view to the protection and control of DC power transmission systems including frequency changer power equipment. In order to develop more accurate devices, the authors conceived a new scheme capable of overcoming the particular problems of DC voltage measurement which cause measurement errors. In this scheme, the DC voltage to be measured is chopped and applied to the Pockels crystal. An optical DC voltage instrument transformer was developed and tested using this scheme. The results of the factory tests showed that the characteristics of the new device conform with the required specifications of DC voltage instrument transformers for the protection and control of frequency changer power equipment. The results of field tests conducted for 1 year at an operating frequency conversion substation confirmed that the device is of adequate reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Augmenting the analyst via situation-dependent reasoning with trust-annotated facts (2011)

We say that a computer program augments the analyst if it can infer facts that are implicit in existing information, but that may be relatively difficult for a human to infer. Among a multitude of reasons, the analyst's task is difficult because (1) reported information to be analyzed and reasoned about often cannot be completely trusted (requiring verification attempts via further collection of information, corroboration where verification is not possible, and/or assumption-based reasoning) and (2) evaluation of trust (reliability, credibility) is context (or situation) dependent. These two sources of difficulty, and the possibility of augmentation-generated false alarms, imply that if one wants to employ the capabilities of an automatic reasoner, the reasoner must be able to deal with these kinds of complexities.
Are You Well Connected? Socializing and Well-being in Europe (2016)

This paper investigates the relationship between social interactions between individuals and their subjective well-being, in European countries. The dataset at use is the European Social Survey (ESS), which includes a rich set of proxies characterizing social interaction intensity and social capital level of individuals in general, as well as other socio-demographic and household characteristics. Estimating several well-being regressions, which controls for established determinants, very strong relationships between social interactions and well-being are found. The result is robust with respect to several checks, including estimators, measures, weights and controlling for potential personality indicators to capture unobserved influences on well-being. The paper also discusses potential channels explaining the relationship. Social capital levels, interaction-related time-use, dispositions and beliefs, and culture are all found to play important roles in the relationship between social interactions and well-being.
The plasma protein scolexin from Manduca sexta is induced by baculovirus infection and other immune challenges (1997)

Manduca sexta larvae infected per os with a sublethal dose of Erinnyis ello granulosis virus (EeGV) contain an induced plasma protein of ca 33-36 kDa [Finnerty et al. (1994) J. Invertebr. Pathol. 63, 140-144]. This virus-induced protein shares characteristics with scolexin, a bacteria-induced plasma protein from M. sexta, so in this study we compared the two proteins. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis reveals the induction of polypeptides corresponding to the subunits of scolexin in the plasma from EeGV-infected, as well as bacteria-injected, larvae. Immunoblots of these two-dimensional polyacrylamide gels show that antiserum against the virus-induced protein cross-reacts with the putative scolexin polypeptides induced by either EeGV infection or bacteria injection. Amino acid analysis of the virus-induced protein shows it to be very similar to scolexin, and the N-terminal sequences of the two proteins are nearly identical. From these data, we conclude that the virus-induced protein and scolexin are identical, or at least isoforms of the same protein. Using immunoblot, we also demonstrate that scolexin is induced in M. sexta plasma by injection with yeast or lipopolysaccharide from Serratia marcescens.
Influence of Binders, Carbons, and Solvents on the Stability of Phosphorus Anodes for Li-ion Batteries (2016)

Phosphorus (P) is an abundant element that exhibits one of the highest gravimetric and volumetric capacities for Li storage, making it a potentially attractive anode material for high capacity Li-ion batteries. However, while phosphorus carbon composite anodes have been previously explored, the influence of the inactive materials on electrode cycle performance is still poorly understood. Here, we report and explain the significant impacts of polymer binder chemistry, carbon conductive additives, and an under-layer between the Al current collector and ball milled P electrodes on cell stability. We focused our study on the commonly used polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) binders as well as exfoliated graphite (ExG) and carbon nanotube (CNT) additives. The mechanical properties of the binders were found to change drastically because of interactions with both the slurry and electrolyte solvents, significantly effecting the electrochemical cycle stability of the electrodes. Binder adhesion was also found to be critical in achieving stable electrochemical cycling. The best anodes demonstrated ∼1400 mAh/g-P gravimetric capacity after 200 cycles at C/2 rates in Li half cells.
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers Specifically Designed for Integration with Electronic Circuits (2000)

Several of the authors of this chapter have worked, at various times, on developing what is called “optoelectronic-VLSI” (OE-VLSI) technology, the intimate integration of photonic devices with VLSI electronics. The general purpose is to give the electronics the option of communicating through optical interconnects. Most of that work, thus far, has focused on using the multiple quantum well electro- absorption (MQWEA) diode as the photonic device, primarily because the MQWEA diode can serve both as a detector and as a modulator, for data reception and for data transmission, respectively. In a monolithic integration approach, the MQWEA diodes were cofabricated with GaAs field-effect transistors (FETs) to produce optoelectronic circuits. This technology produced several system demonstrators and was the basis of a multiproject foundry shuttle of optoelectronic chips to research groups around the world. It was obvious from the start that this monolithic approach would have needed a huge development effort to become a VLSI technology, on the scale of the one that produced the silicon CMOS VLSI technology. Funds for such a large effort could not be justified. However, since the system demonstrators produced encouraging results, attention turned to a hybrid approach, whereby arrays of MQWEA diodes are flip-chip solder-bump bonded to CMOS chips, arguably the most advanced electronic VLSI technology. Soon thereafter, this hybrid technology produced many more system demonstrators and was the basis of several multiproject foundry shuttles of optoelectronic chips to research groups around the world. A true OE-VLSI technology was emerging, just as strong arguments developed for the advantages of OE-VLSI technology in general; these were summarized in.
Meso-scale defect evaluation of selective laser melting using spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy (2017)

Developments in additive manufacturing technology are serving to expand the potential applications. Critical developments are required in the supporting areas of measurement and in process inspection to achieve this. CM247LC is a nickel superalloy that is of interest for use in aerospace and civil power plants. However, it is difficult to process via selective laser melting (SLM) as it suffers from cracking during rapid cooling and solidification. This limits the viability of CM247LC parts created using SLM. To quantify part integrity, spatially resolved acoustic spectroscopy (SRAS) has been identified as a viable non-destructive evaluation technique. In this study, a combination of optical microscopy and SRAS was used to identify and classify the surface defects present in SLM-produced parts. By analysing the datasets and scan trajectories, it is possible to correlate morphological information with process parameters. Image processing was used to quantify porosity and cracking for bulk density measurement. Analysis of surface acoustic wave data showed that an error in manufacture in the form of an overscan occurred. Comparing areas affected by overscan with a bulk material, a change in defect density from 1.17% in the bulk material to 5.32% in the overscan regions was observed, highlighting the need to reduce overscan areas in manufacture.
Mitotic Index of Invasive Breast Carcinoma (2009)

Standard errors for MI based on a single count of 10 HPFs are too broad and coefficients of variation too large to be acceptable for clinical use. This is explained as a binomial probability effect, possibly with a contribution from tumor heterogeneity. Errors can be reduced in proportion to the square root of the number of sets of 10 HPFs counted. Tertial cutoffs of MI of the Nottingham system currently used in breast carcinoma grading are too high to be applicable to the population we studied. We recommend validation of cutoffs before they are applied to a particular population of breast carcinomas. Counting 5 sets of 10 HPFs is necessary to accurately rank carcinomas with low MIs.
Structure-directing effect of single crystal graphene film on polymer carbonization and graphitization (2019)

We report the effect of single crystal graphene on carbonization and graphitization of thin film polymers.
Facile synthesis of an effective g-C3N4-based catalyst for advanced oxidation processes and degradation of organic compounds (2021)

The synthesis of FeMn–C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> with a facile and green synthetic route is demonstrated. The material exhibited a high catalytic activity and an excellent reusability in Fenton-like reactions, activation of persulfate and visible-light photocatalysis.
Spin transport properties in silicon in a nonlocal geometry (2011)

A systematic investigation of spin transport properties in silicon at 8 K by using a nonlocal geometry is presented. The spin injection signal in the nonlocal scheme is found to increase in proportion to the evolution of bias electric currents. Theoretical fittings using the Hanle-type spin precession signals reveal that the spin polarization of the transported spins in the Si is much less affected by the change in the bias electric current compared with the cases in the other spin devices. It is also revealed that the bias current dependence of the spin accumulation voltages exhibits good accordance with that of the spin polarization.
Structure-activity studies on the CNS-penetrating oxime LLNL-02 (2020)

Neutral oximes have been targeted as potentially useful small molecules for providing protection to the central nervous system from the effect of nerve agents. It is their neutral nature, though zwitterionic under physiological conditions, that allows them to navigate through the blood brain barrier (BBB) and eventually cross it. After a number of years of synthesis and
Three-dimensional solitary waves with electrically tunable direction of propagation in nematics (2019)

Abstract Production of stable multidimensional solitary waves is a grand challenge in modern science. Steering their propagation is an even harder problem. Here we demonstrate three-dimensional solitary waves in a nematic, trajectories of which can be steered by the electric field in a plane perpendicular to the field. The steering does not modify the properties of the background that remains uniform. These localized waves, called director bullets, are topologically unprotected multidimensional solitons of (3 + 2)D type that show fore-aft and right-left asymmetry with respect to the background molecular director; the symmetry is controlled by the field. Besides adding a whole dimension to the propagation direction and enabling controlled steering, the solitons can lead to applications such as targeted delivery of information and micro-cargo.
Ocular parameters of biological ageing in HIV-infected individuals in South Africa: Relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers of ageing (2013)

HIV-infected individuals have an increased risk of age-related morbidity despite antiretroviral treatment (ART). Several anatomic and functional ophthalmological parameters are associated with increasing chronological age. These may, therefore, potentially serve as biomarkers of ageing. We investigated associations between ocular parameters (lens density, retinal vessel calibre, corneal endothelium and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness) and two 'cellular' biomarkers of ageing (leukocyte telomere length and CDKN2A expression) and with frailty in a cross-sectional study of 216 HIV-infected individuals. All ocular parameters, telomere length and frailty were associated with chronological age, whereas CDKN2A expression was not. Retinal venular calibre and lens density were associated with shorter telomere length (p-trend=0.04, and 0.08, respectively), whereas CDKN2A expression and frailty status were not associated with ocular parameters. Longitudinal studies are warranted to assess the integration of retinal vascular calibre and lens density with systemic markers to develop an overall index of biological ageing in HIV infection.