gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two states uniform 2D linear cellular automata and some replicating patterns (2020)

This paper has presented theoretical and imaginary investigation of 2D (two-dimensional) additive (linear) and uniform CA (cellular automata). Regarding some important properties, one can consider geometrical models of motifs (image model) generated by CA finite iterations. In the present paper, we study 2D linear CA under null and periodic boundary conditions over the binary or two states field ℤ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> i.e. two spin states case. It is studied the applications of replicating patterns corresponding to the uniform linear rules of 2D CA with these special boundary conditions over ℤ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . All the linear null and periodic rules can be found to be multiple replicating copies of a given image depending on the special types.
Global optimization of somatic variant identification in cancer genomes with a global community challenge (2014)

Global optimization of somatic variant identification in cancer genomes with a global community challenge
Enhancing Edge robotics through the use of context information (2018)

Cloud robotics aims at endowing robot systems with powerful capabilities by leveraging the computing resources available in the Cloud. To that end, the Cloud infrastructure consolidates services and information among the robots, enabling a degree of centralization which has the potential to improve operations. Despite being very promising, Cloud robotics presents two critical issues: (i) it is very hard to control the network between the robots and the Cloud (e.g., long delays, high jitter), and (ii) local context information (e.g., on the access network) is not available in the Cloud. This makes hard to achieve deterministic performance for robotics applications. Over the last few years, Edge computing has emerged as a trend to provide services and computing capabilities directly in the access network. This is so because of the additional benefits enabled by Edge computing: (i) it is easier to control the network end-to-end, and (ii) local context information (e.g., about the wireless channel) can be made available for use by applications. The goal of this paper is to showcase, by means of real-life experimentation, the benefits of residing at the Edge for robotics applications, due to the possibility of consuming context information locally available. In our experimentation, an application running in the Edge controls over a WiFi link the movement of a robot. Information related to the wireless channel is made available via a service at the Edge, which is then consumed by the application.Results show that a smoother driving of the robot can be achieved when wireless quality information is considered as input of the movement control algorithm.
Transformation of metastatic nonfunctioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor into insulinoma—two case reports (2022)

Background: Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (PanNETs) are rare neoplasms that are characterized by hormonal symptoms. While most PanNETs are nonfunctional, there have been a few reported cases of patients with previously nonfunctional PanNETs developing significant hormonal symptoms, indicating transformation into a functional PanNET. Case Description: We describe two rare cases of transformation of metastatic non-functional PanNET into a metastatic functional insulinoma. The clinical presentations were significant for severe symptomatic hypoglycemia with symptoms of seizures and loss of consciousness. The diagnoses of insulinoma were confirmed by inappropriately elevated insulin, pro-insulin, C-peptide levels drawn in the setting of documented hypoglycemia, which improved with dextrose supplementation. Given the highly refractory nature of the disease, a multimodal approach of cytotoxic chemotherapy, metabolic suppression of insulin secretion through somatostatin analogs and diazoxide, and glucose supplementation was utilized to treat the insulinoma. Novel somatostatin analogues with higher binding affinity for multiple somatostatin receptor subtypes such as pasireotide demonstrated some effectiveness as an adjunctive agent after transformation. Conclusions: This report highlights the need for clinicians to be aware of the possibility of transformation of non-functional PanNETs. Additionally, there remains a need for further research to understand the mechanism of transformation in PanNETs and for the development of additional therapies for treatment of metastatic PanNETs.
FK506-binding protein (FKBP) partitions a modified HIV protease inhibitor into blood cells and prolongs its lifetime in vivo (2009)

HIV protease inhibitors are a key component of anti-retroviral therapy, but their susceptibility to cytochrome P(450) metabolism reduces their systemic availability and necessitates repetitive dosing. Importantly, failure to maintain adequate inhibitor levels is believed to provide an opportunity for resistance to emerge; thus, new strategies to prolong the lifetime of these drugs are needed. Toward this goal, numerous prodrug approaches have been developed, but these methods involve creating inactive precursors that require enzymatic processing. Using an alternative strategy inspired by the natural product FK506, we have synthetically modified an HIV protease inhibitor such that it acquires high affinity for the abundant, cytoplasmic chaperone, FK506-binding protein (FKBP). This modified protease inhibitor maintains activity against HIV-1 protease (IC(50) = 19 nM) and, additionally, it is partitioned into the cellular component of whole blood via binding to FKBP. Interestingly, redistribution into this protected niche reduces metabolism and improves its half-life in mice by almost 20-fold compared with the unmodified compound. Based on these findings, we propose that addition of FKBP-binding groups might partially overcome the poor pharmacokinetic properties of existing HIV protease inhibitors and, potentially, other drug classes.
Molecular cloning of Taenia solium genomic DNA and characterization of taeniid cestodes by DNA analysis (1988)

Total DNAs, isolated from a range of taeniid cestodes (Taenia solium, T. saginata, T. pisiformis, T. crassiceps, T. hydatigena, T. ovis, T. multiceps and T. taeniaeformis), have been subjected to restriction enzyme digestion, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis using cloned fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of Schistosoma mansoni. Substantial inter-specific genetic differences have been revealed on the basis of characteristic hybridization patterns for each of the taeniid cestode species. Furthermore, a random genomic DNA library has been constructed in the vector plasmid pAT153 using DNA extracted from a pig isolate (Indian origin) of T. solium. A panel of taeniid cestode DNAs including DNA from Echinococcus granulosus, has been used in conjunction with hybridization and restriction enzyme analysis to identify in the library a single recombinant plasmid with a T. solium-specific insert (coded pTS10) and two recombinant plasmids with T. solium inserts having selective specificities for T. solium and T. ovis (coded pTS17) and T. solium, T. saginata, T. ovis and T. multiceps (coded pTS28). These recombinant plasmids and the cloned fragments of the ribosomal RNA gene of S. mansoni have been used in restriction endonuclease, Southern transfer and hybridization analysis to detect intra-specific genetic variation in cysticerci of T. solium from India, Mexico and Zimbabwe. In addition, pTS10 and pTS17 have been used in a simple dot-blot assay to distinguish T. solium from T. saginata.
Collecting System Invasion In Renal Cell Carcinoma: Impact on Prognosis And Future Staging Strategies (2003)

Our findings suggest that collecting system invasion in RCC cases is associated with specific clinical findings as well as poor prognostic variables and it has a profound impact on prognosis in low stage tumors.
Synthesis of 4 H -3-aryl-2-cyano-1,4-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxides for antiviral studies (2017)

Abstract 2-Cyano-substituted 1,4-benzothiazine 1,1-dioxides, required for antiviral studies, were prepared by a reductive cyclodehydration of an ortho -nitro sulfone precursor containing a pendant aryl ketone group. The ring-forming reaction also furnishes a non-cyclized benzamide as a major byproduct via an unexpected acyl transfer reaction.
[Cytostatic action of 2-nitronaph-thofurans on L1210 murine leukemia cells in semi-solid médium (author's transl)]. (1981)

The cytostatic effect of various derivatives of 2-nitro-naphthofurans has been determined in vitro on L1210 leukemia cells. A recently described new bio-assay (Discotest) was used, which consists in plating the cells in soft agarose and placing on top of the agarose layer a paper disc soaked with the compound to be tested. The halo of inhibition of colony formation which results from diffusion of the compound is proportional to the logarithm of the compound concentration. The most active derivatives were the 2-nitro-7-methoxy and 2-nitro-8-methoxy-naphtho[2,1-b] furans which are known to be highly bactericidal and protozoocidal.
Integrated PICs based on asymmetric twin waveguide technology (2004)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. R. Forrest and V. Menon, "Integrated PICs based on asymmetric twin waveguide technology," in Frontiers in Optics 2004/Laser Science XXII/Diffractive Optics and Micro-Optics/Optical Fabrication and Testing, OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 2004), paper FMH3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Design for Reliability of Nanometer-Scale Electronics under High Defect Density (2006)

High defect density exhibited by nanoelectronic technologies, and parameter variability already affecting the operation of very-deep submicron CMOS systems demand for a combination of specific solutions, focusing at each various levels of abstraction in the development design-flow. Where traditionally applied methods fail under massive defect densities, we propose a top-down development strategy where the hardware overhead is adapted to the desired level of reliability. A CAD software tool supporting the methodology has been developed (Fig. 1(a)), with the intension to make the reliability enhancement process transparent to the designer, who is only expected to provide high-level specifications, and technology-related information as issued by foundries. The impact of sixteen mostly encountered circuit failures are evaluated using Monte Carlo SPICE simulations, and based on a replacement transistor macro-model. A fault-absorbing four-layer architecture composed of an input layer, a second layer with very limited redundant digital units (as few as one redundant unit), an analog averaging unit as third layer, and a thresholding decision unit form the architectural abstraction level [1]. After selection of the appropriate redundancy factor, the software tool partitions the initial netlist, and inserts redundant units and output layers three and four, according to a selected granularity level, which has been observed to be optimally chosen in the order of eight gate-equivalents [2]. Circuits have been developed in 180 and 90nm technologies, thus implementing all four layers at circuit abstraction level. Software simulations have been carried out validating the method on small-size circuits, in the range of Boolean gates, or a full-adder, and using single-ended and differential design styles. Monte Carlo simulations are conveniently replacing exhaustive simulation and help limit the computational burden. Comparative results are shown on Fig. 1(b), where the advantage of differential cascode switch logic (DCVS) over single-ended CMOS is evidenced. A large-scale AES crypto-chip based on the proposed method is currently in fabrication; the proposed method and software tool have been applied in the development of robust standard cells.
Cloning and sequence analysis of homeobox transcription factor cDNAs with an inosine-containing probe. (1994)

Much effort has been directed toward the isolation and characterization of homeobox cDNAs from numerous cell types because they encode transcription factors important to many cellular processes, including pattern formation in the embryo, cell growth and cell differentiation. Many novel homeobox cDNAs have been isolated by screening libraries by hybridization with degenerate oligonucleotides designed from conserved amino acid sequences in the third helix of the homeodomain. However, the degeneracy of the genetic code necessitates that these oligonucleotides be highly degenerate, often precluding their use as sequencing primers to rapidly determine clone identity. Here we describe a screening protocol for homeobox cDNAs that utilizes a short oligonucleotide probe with inosine residues incorporated at positions of maximum codon degeneracy. This probe specifically hybridizes to many classes of homeobox transcription factor cDNAs, but its primary advantage is that it also serves as an effective sequencing primer, which allows the investigator to rapidly determine whether the clones encode a protein of interest. In a screen of 500,000 plaques of a rat aorta cDNA library by this method, we identified 13 positive plaques of which 12 were found to contain homeobox cDNAs representing 5 distinct genes, and, using this probe, it was possible to obtain initial high-quality sequence information from every clone isolated that contained a homeodomain.
Whole-body inhalation exposure to 2-ethyltoluene for two weeks produced nasal lesions in rats and mice (2021)

Nasal lesions were observed in all animals after whole-body exposure up to 600 ppm 2-ET for 2 weeks. Future studies should focus on 2-ET metabolism and distribution to better understand species differences and refine hazard characterization of this understudied environmental contaminant.
Supplementary Figure 4 from <i>TMPRSS2-ERG</i> Status Is Not Prognostic Following Prostate Cancer Radiotherapy: Implications for Fusion Status and DSB Repair (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4 - PDF file 122K, Univariate Kaplan-Meier plots of biochemical relapse-free survival in a subgroup of patients treated with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) in the (A) aCGH- and (B) IHC-cohorts&lt;/p&gt;
REAP: recycled erbium amplifier pump (1994)

We report a novel erbium doped fiber preamplifier design with a combination of high gain (>40 dB) and low noise figure (3 dB) at 1556 nm for 80 mW of 980 nm pump power. The co-directional single pumped amplifier employs a composite two stage arrangement in which the second stage is pumped with recycled pump not used in the first stage. In addition, we contrast the amplifier performance trade-offs with the insertions of an isolator or a band pass filter or both in between the two amplifier sections. Finally, we demonstrate a receiver sensitivity of /spl minus/37 dBm (156 photons/bit) with a 10 Gb/s optical preamplifier regenerator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Data from Targeting Notch Inhibitors to the Myeloma Bone Marrow Niche Decreases Tumor Growth and Bone Destruction without Gut Toxicity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Systemic inhibition of Notch with γ-secretase inhibitors (GSI) decreases multiple myeloma tumor growth, but the clinical use of GSI is limited due to its severe gastrointestinal toxicity. In this study, we generated a GSI Notch inhibitor specifically directed to the bone (BT-GSI). BT-GSI administration decreased Notch target gene expression in the bone marrow, but it did not alter Notch signaling in intestinal tissue or induce gut toxicity. In mice with established human or murine multiple myeloma, treatment with BT-GSI decreased tumor burden and prevented the progression of multiple myeloma-induced osteolytic disease by inhibiting bone resorption more effectively than unconjugated GSI at equimolar doses. These findings show that BT-GSI has dual anti-myeloma and anti-resorptive properties, supporting the therapeutic approach of bone-targeted Notch inhibition for the treatment of multiple myeloma and associated bone disease.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Development of a bone-targeted Notch inhibitor reduces multiple myeloma growth and mitigates cancer-induced bone destruction without inducing the gastrointestinal toxicity typically associated with inhibition of Notch.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Shell-Sheddable Micelles Based on Dextran-SS-Poly(ε-caprolactone) Diblock Copolymer for Efficient Intracellular Release of Doxorubicin (2010)

Reduction-responsive biodegradable micelles were developed from disulfide-linked dextran-b-poly(ε-caprolactone) diblock copolymer (Dex-SS-PCL) and applied for triggered release of doxorubicin (DOX) in vitro and inside cells. Dex-SS-PCL was readily synthesized by thiol-disulfide exchange reaction between dextran orthopyridyl disulfide (Dex-SS-py, 6000 Da) and mercapto PCL (PCL-SH, 3100 Da). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements showed that Dex-SS-PCL yielded micelles with an average size of about 60 nm and a low polydispersity index (PDI 0.1−0.2) in PB (50 mM, pH 7.4). Interestingly, these micelles formed large aggregates rapidly in response to 10 mM dithiothreitol (DTT), most likely due to shedding of the dextran shells through reductive cleavage of the intermediate disulfide bonds. DOX could be efficiently loaded into the micelles with a drug loading efficiency of about 70%. Notably, the in vitro release studies revealed that Dex-SS-PCL micelles released DOX quantitatively in 10 h under a reductive environment, mimicking that of the intracellular compartments such as cytosol and the cell nucleus, whereas only about 27% DOX was released from reduction insensitive Dex-PCL micelles in 11.5 h under otherwise the same conditions and about 20% DOX released from Dex-SS-PCL micelles in 20 h under the nonreductive conditions. The cell experiments using fluorescence microscopy and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) showed clearly that DOX was rapidly released to the cytoplasm as well as to the cell nucleus. MTT studies revealed a markedly enhanced drug efficacy of DOX-loaded Dex-SS-PCL micelles as compared to DOX-loaded reduction-insensitive Dex-PCL micelles. These reduction-responsive biodegradable micelles have appeared highly promising for the targeted intracellular delivery of hydrophobic chemotherapeutics in cancer therapy.
Integrated lossy, near-lossless, and lossless compression of medical volumetric data (2005)

We propose an integrated, wavelet based, two-stage coding scheme for lossy, near-lossless and lossless compression of medical volumetric data. The method presented determines the bit-rate while encoding for the lossy layer and without any iteration. It is in the spirit of "lossy plus residual coding" and consists of a wavelet-based lossy layer followed by an arithmetic coding of the quantized residual to guarantee a given pixel-wise maximum error bound. We focus on the selection of the optimum bit rate for the lossy coder to achieve the minimum total (lossy plus residual) bit rate in the near-lossless and the lossless cases. We propose a simple and practical method to estimate online the optimal bit rate and provide a theoretical justification for it. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme provides improved, embedded lossy, and lossless performance competitive with the best results published so far in the literature, with an added feature of near-lossless coding.
Novel on-product focus metrology for EUV, enabling direct focus monitoring and control for EUV systems (2020)

In order to meet the tightened lithography performance requirement for EUV systems, a good on-product focus control with accurate metrology is essential. In this manuscript we report on a novel metrology solution for the EUV on-product focus measurement using YieldStar. The new metrology has been qualified on the Logic product wafers and when combined with the advanced techniques and algorithm shows a performance that is accurate and precise enough to meet EUV requirements. Furthermore, the new methodology provides the opportunity for on-product focus monitoring and control through different scanner interfaces. Here we present a case in which the Imaging Optimizer using the EUV metrology data shows an improvement of over 20% on the focus uniformity.
High-power monolithic fiber amplifiers based on advanced photonic crystal fiber designs (2014)

We report on the development and performance of a fully monolithic PCF amplifier that has achieved over 400 W with near diffraction limited beam quality with an approximately 1GHz phase modulated input. The key components for these amplifiers are an advanced PCF fiber design that combines segmented acoustically tailored (SAT) fiber that is gain tailored, a novel multi fiber-coupled laser diode stack and a monolithic 6+1x1 large fiber pump/signal multiplexer. The precisely aligned 2-D laser diode emitter array found in laser diode stacks is utilized by way of a simple in-line imaging process with no mirror reflections to process a 2-D array of 380-450 elements into 3 400/440μm 0.22NA pump delivery fibers. The fiber combiner is an etched air taper design that transforms low numerical aperture (NA), large diameter pump radiation into a high NA, small diameter format for pump injection into an air-clad large mode area PCF, while maintaining a constant core size through the taper for efficient signal coupling and throughput. The fiber combiner has 6 400/440/0.22 core/clad/NA pump delivery fibers and a 25/440 PM step-index signal delivery fiber on the input side and a 40/525 PM undoped PCF on the output side. The etched air taper transforms the six 400/440 μm 0.22 NA pump fibers to the 525 μm 0.55 NA core of the PCF fiber with a measured pump combining efficiency of over 95% with a low brightness drop. The combiner also operates as a stepwise mode converter via a 30 μm intermediate core region in the combiner between the 20 μm core of the input fiber and the 40 μm fiber core of the PCF with a measured signal efficiency of 60% to 70% while maintaining polarization with a measured PER of 20 dB. These devices were integrated in to a monolithic fiber amplifier with high efficiency and near diffraction limited beam quality.
Incorporation of Functional Guest Molecules into an Internally Functionalizable Dendrimer through Olefin Metathesis (2005)

A poly(aryl ether) dendrimer bearing 22 allyl groups throughout the interior of the molecule has been prepared using a convergent synthetic approach. The internal functionalities of this dendrimer can be used to attach small molecule guests to the interior of the dendrimer using olefin metathesis. A ruthenium-based Grubbs catalyst was used to covalently attach an allylated pyrene and imidazolidinone via cross-metathesis. The extent of coupling was estimated by UV, NMR, and elemental analysis data. The high tolerance of cross-metathesis to a range of functional groups enables the incorporation of a wide range of molecules and provides access to different inner environments in one step from a single source of dendrimer.