gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultra Stable, Industrial Green Tailored Pulse Fiber Laser with Diffraction-limited Beam Quality for Advanced Micromachining (2011)

We report on a novel pulsed fiber laser platform providing pulse shaping agility at high repetition rates and at a wavelength of 532 nm. The oscillator is based on the direct modulation of a seed laser diode followed by a chain of fiber amplifiers. Advanced Large Mode Area (LMA) fiber designs as well as proprietary techniques to mitigate non-linear effects enable output energy per pulse up to 100 μJ at 1064 nm with diffraction-limited beam quality and narrow line widths suitable for efficient frequency conversion. Ultra stable pulses with tailored pulse shapes were demonstrated in the green region of the spectrum at repetition rates higher than 200 kHz. Pulse durations between 2.5 ns and 640 ns are available, as well as pulse to pulse dynamic shape selection at repetition rates up to 1 MHz. The pulse energy stability at 532 nm is better than ± 1.5%, 3σ, over 10 000 pulses. Excellent beam characteristics were obtained. The M2 parameter is lower than 1.05, the beam waist astigmatism and beam waist asymmetry are below 10% and below 8% respectively, with high stability over time. We foresee that the small spot size, high repetition rate and pulse tailoring capability of this platform will provide advantages to practitioners who are developing novel, advanced processes in many industrially important applications.
Osseus metaplasia in kidney allografts as a paradigm of regenerative medicine principles. (2014)

We report the sixth case of osseous metaplasia that has occurred in the last 5 years, after a deceased-donor renal transplant was performed on a young man. While its clinical significance is unclear and probably irrelevant, osseous metaplasia is one of the most relevant principles of regenerative medicine, where every bodily district contains progenitor cells that can generate cells specific to the germ layer from which they come. After the Case Report, we review the literature and speculate on the underlying pathophysiology of osseous metaplasia. Available data seem to support the hypothesis that osteogenic precursor cells, inducing factors, and a suitable environment are key for osseous metaplasia.
Supplementary Figure S4 from E7090, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptors, Displays Potent Antitumor Activity and Prolongs Survival in Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;siRNA knockdown experiment in 4T1 cells indicating that growth of 4T1 breast cancer cells depends on FGFR2 and FGFR3.&lt;/p&gt;
Magnetic core loss of ultrahigh strength FeCo alloys (2003)

Hiperco® 50 alloy heat treated between 450 and 650 °C exhibits superior mechanical properties. We report the measurements of the ac core loss at various frequencies up to 4500 Hz of the Hiperco® 50 alloy samples annealed at 450 and 650 °C. The 650 °C annealed specimens have lower ac core loss than that of the 450 °C annealed ones. The total core loss, consisting of contributions from hysteresis core loss and eddy-current core loss, depends on frequency f as af+bf2. The eddy-current loss of a single laminate is minor compared to the hysteresis loss.
Data from Discovery, Preclinical Characterization, and Early Clinical Activity of JDQ443, a Structurally Novel, Potent, and Selective Covalent Oral Inhibitor of KRAS<sup>G12C</sup> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Covalent inhibitors of KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt; have shown antitumor activity against advanced/metastatic &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;-mutated cancers, though resistance emerges and additional strategies are needed to improve outcomes. JDQ443 is a structurally unique covalent inhibitor of GDP-bound KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt; that forms novel interactions with the switch II pocket. JDQ443 potently inhibits KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;-driven cellular signaling and demonstrates selective antiproliferative activity in &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;-mutated cell lines, including those with G12C/H95 double mutations. &lt;i&gt;In vivo&lt;/i&gt;, JDQ443 induces AUC exposure-driven antitumor efficacy in &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;-mutated cell-derived (CDX) and patient-derived (PDX) tumor xenografts. In PDX models, single-agent JDQ443 activity is enhanced by combination with inhibitors of SHP2, MEK, or CDK4/6. Notably, the benefit of JDQ443 plus the SHP2 inhibitor TNO155 is maintained at reduced doses of either agent in CDX models, consistent with mechanistic synergy. JDQ443 is in clinical development as monotherapy and in combination with TNO155, with both strategies showing antitumor activity in patients with &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;-mutated tumors.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;JDQ443 is a structurally novel covalent KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt; inhibitor with a unique binding mode that demonstrates potent and selective antitumor activity in cell lines and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; models. In preclinical models and patients with &lt;i&gt;KRAS&lt;sup&gt;G12C&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/i&gt;-mutated malignancies, JDQ443 shows potent antitumor activity as monotherapy and in combination with the SHP2 inhibitor TNO155.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related video: &lt;a href="https://vimeo.com/720726054" target="_blank"&gt;https://vimeo.com/720726054&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/cancerdiscovery/article/doi/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-12-6-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1397&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
An Optical Sensor for Volatile Amines Based on an Inkjet‐Printed, Hydrogen‐Bonded, Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Film (2014)

A printable hydrogen‐bonded cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) polymer film is described, which can be used as a sensor for detection of gaseous trimethylamine (TMA). In this optical sensor the virgin CLC polymer network reflects green light. When anhydrous TMA gas penetrates the film, disruption of the hydrogen bonds occurs, with the simultaneous formation of carboxylate salts. The consequent reduction of the molecular order causes the green reflecting CLC film to become colorless. However, exposure to TMA in water‐saturated nitrogen gas results in a red reflecting film. Due to the hygroscopic nature of the polymer salt that is formed by TMA, water vapor which is present in the environment is absorbed by the films. This leads to swelling of the film, resulting in an increase in pitch size and therefore a red shift of the reflection band. Interestingly, after exposure to ambient conditions, restoration of the green reflecting film takes place, showing that the sensor can be used multiple times. In a proof of principle experiment, it was shown that these CLC films can be used as optical sensors to detect volatile amines, that are produced by decaying fish.
Superlattice MAX Phases with A-Layers Reconstructed into 0D-Clusters, 1D-Chains, and 2D-Lattices (2023)

MAX phases are layered non-van der Waals materials made by stacking hexagonal layers of transition metal (M), a group III–VI element (A), and carbon or nitrogen (X) with the conventional chemical formula Mn+1 AXn (n = 1–3). According to our recent high-throughput calculations, 761 dynamically stable MAX phases have been found, among which 466 structures are likely to be synthesized. To find completely new structural phases, we focus on the 361 MAX systems with dynamical instabilities. A series of novel superlattices are discovered for MAX phases by reconstructing the triangular lattice of A-atoms into 0D-clusters, quasi-1D-chain, or the creation of 2D Haeckelite or Kagome-like lattices. This work opens a new avenue for discovering novel MAX phases from conventional structures without any element alloying.
"Stump the Panel" Answer (2010)

There are two switches controlling the firing of the canopy and the ejector seat of a jet-fighter. Obviously, the sequence in which these switches are activated is critical to the pilot's well-being! However, given the tense situations under which these switches need to be thrown, the possibility of pilot error is very real. So the question is: how could the switches be wired to prevent mistakes? One answer is to have DPST (double-pole single throw) switches wired to implement a logic OR function that fires the canopy, this then powers a logic AND function that then fires the ejection seat.
Physico‐chemical characterization of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes and their potential application to the manufacture of new types of phosphate‐based fertilizers (2013)

Abstract The aim of this review is to describe the main physicochemical characteristics of diverse types of humic‐metal‐phosphate acid complexes. The effects of these complexes on phosphorus (P) fixation in soils with different pH values and physicochemical features and on plant phosphorus uptake are also discussed. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes have apparent stability constants in the same range as those of metal‐humic complexes, in solutions with diverse pH and ionic‐strength values. Likewise, the molecular‐size distribution of humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes as a function of pH is similar to that of potassium or sodium humates and metal‐humic complexes. Humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes are able to decrease phosphate fixation in soils and increase plant growth and phosphate uptake. Phosphorus fertilizers containing humic‐metal‐phosphate complexes proved to be efficient to improve plant growth and P uptake with respect to conventional fertilizers such as single superphosphate. The values of parameters related to plant phosphorus‐utilization efficiency (PUt E) suggest that the regulation of root acquisition of phosphate from these complexes could involve the interregulation of a system for the optimization of metabolic P utilization in the shoot and another system involving stress responses of roots under phosphorus deficiency.
HIF-1-dependent regulation of hypoxic induction of the cell death factors BNIP3 and NIX in human tumors. (2001)

Solid tumors contain regions of hypoxia, a physiological stress that can activate cell death pathways and, thus, result in the selection of cells resistant to death signals and anticancer therapy. Bcl2/adenovirus EIB 19kD-interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) is a cell death factor that is a member of the Bcl-2 proapoptotic family recently shown to induce necrosis rather than apoptosis. Using cDNA arrays and serial analysis of gene expression, we found that hypoxia induces up-regulation of BNIP3 and its homologue, Nip3-like protein X. Analysis of human carcinoma cell lines showed that they are hypoxically regulated in many tumor types, as well as in endothelial cells and macrophages. Regulation was hypoxia inducible factor-1-dependent, and hypoxia inducible factor-1 expression was suppressed by von Hippel-Lindau protein in normoxic cells. Northern blotting and in situ hybridization analysis has revealed that these factors are highly expressed in human tumors compared with normal tissue and that BNIP3 is up-regulated in perinecrotic regions of the tumor. This study shows that genes regulating cell death can be hypoxically induced and are overexpressed in clinical tumors.
Microelectromechanical (MEMS) manipulators for control of nanoparticle coupling interactions (2023)

A nanopositioning system for producing a coupling interaction between a first nanoparticle and a second nanoparticle. A first MEMS positioning assembly includes an electro-static comb drive actuator configured to selectively displace a first nanoparticle in a first dimension and an electrode configured to selectively displace the first nanoparticle in a second dimensions. Accordingly, the first nanoparticle may be selectively positioned in two dimensions to modulate the distance between the first nanoparticle and a second nanoparticle that may be coupled to a second MEMS positioning assembly. Modulating the distance between the first and second nanoparticles obtains a coupling interaction between the nanoparticles that alters at least one material property of the nanoparticles applicable to a variety of sensing and control applications.
Molecular characterization of avian influenza H5N1 virus in Egypt and the emergence of a novel endemic subclade (2014)

Clade 2.2 highly pathogenic H5N1 viruses have been in continuous circulation in Egyptian poultry since 2006. Their persistence caused significant genetic drift that led to the reclassification of these viruses into subclades 2.2.1 and 2.2.1.1. Here, we conducted full-genome sequence and phylogenetic analyses of 45 H5N1 isolated during 2006-2013 through systematic surveillance in Egypt, and 53 viruses that were sequenced previously and available in the public domain. Results indicated that H5N1 viruses in Egypt continue to evolve and a new distinct cluster has emerged. Mutations affecting viral virulence, pathogenicity, transmission, receptor-binding preference and drug resistance were studied. In light of our findings that H5N1 in Egypt continues to evolve, surveillance and molecular studies need to be sustained.
Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Right Pulmonary Artery Presenting Following Relief of Left Heart Obstruction: A Distinct and Predictable Clinico-Pathological Syndrome (2010)

Definitive imaging of coronary artery anatomy by echocardiography or other modalities should form a routine part of diagnostic assessment in all congenital heart disease patients but particularly those with left heart obstruction.
Optimization of G-quadruplex binding and telomerase inhibition for telomere targeting agents (2005)

601 We have previously reported (Read et al, PNAS 2001, 98, 4844-4849) on the rational design of a new class of 3,6,9-trisubstituted acridine molecules that inhibit the ability of the telomerase enzyme from maintaining telomere length and viability in cancer cells, by stabilising the single-stranded telomeric overhang as G-quadruplex-ligand complexes. Furthermore, the identification of a 9-anilino derivative (BRACO-19) as a potent G-quadruplex binding agent and telomerase inhibitor has prompted us to undertake a systematic study of the various structural features in these molecules that maximise target affinity and biological activity, using a combined structural, medicinal chemistry and biophysical approach. Detailed molecular modelling studies have been used to provide the structural basis for these studies. We report now on a number of 9-anilino ring derivatives, where we have been able to differentiate which structural features enhance telomeric G-quadruplex selectivity from those exhibiting generalised nucleic acid binding and acute cytotoxicity. We shall also describe the effects of changes made at the 3- and 6- positions, which have enabled us to fine-tune the optimal length of side-chain and size of end groups in these structures. A detailed structure activity relationship will be presented and discussed based on a range of techniques including a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay, the TRAP assay, and selectivity assays such as Taq polymerase and PCR stop assays. This overall strategy is facilitating the optimisation and selection of the first telomere targeting agent candidate for clinical development.
Cumulative and after-effects of short and weak coordinated reset stimulation: a modeling study (2009)

We show that the dynamical multistability of a network of bursting subthalamic neurons, caused by synaptic plasticity has a strong impact on the stimulus-response properties when exposed to weak and short desynchronizing stimuli. Intriguingly, such stimuli can reliably shift the network from a stable state with pathological synchrony and connectivity to a stable desynchronized state with down-regulated connectivity. However, unlike in the case of stronger coordinated reset stimulation, after termination of weaker stimulation the network may undergo a transient rebound of synchrony. When the coordinated reset stimulation is even weaker and/or shorter, so that a single stimulation epoch is not effective, the network dynamics and connectivity can still be reshaped in a cumulative manner by repetitive stimulation delivery.
Velocimetry for MEMS Applications (1998)

Abstract Particle image velocimetry (PIV), a technique commonly used at macroscopic length scales to measure velocity fields of particle-seeded flows, is adapted to measure velocity fields in microfluidic MEMS devices, where micron-scale spatial resolution is critical. Adapting PIV to the microscopic level presents a number of challenges, including visualizing tracer particles that are smaller than the wavelength of light and minimizing errors due to the Brownian motion of the tracer particles. High numerical aperture video microscopy is used to record the faint signals from fluorescent 300 nm particles. Innovative ensemble averaging and adaptive spatial shifting algorithms are used to extract maximal information from the recorded images. The PIV technique is used to measure a low Reynolds number Hele-Shaw flow around an 8 μm human red blood cell. The velocity vector field presented has a maximal spatial resolution of 3.2 × 3.2 × 1.5 μm.
Nanosession: Electrochemical Metallization Memories (2012)

This chapter discusses the present status of the development of atom transistor as well as its future. The switching kinetics of silver iodide (AgI) based electrochemical metallization (ECM) cells show a high nonlinearity feasible for memory applications. The chapter presents an effective approach to capture the microstructure changes of Cu (or Ag)/ZrO2/Pt systems at atomic resolutions when adding electrical signals on the device by using in-situ transmission electron microscope (TEM) technology. To understand much complex situations with low electric conductance of oxide system, an in-situ polarization experiments by hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (HX-PES) using synchrotron radiation as a light source has been made on the metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitor type cell. The conformal deposition of the germanium sulfide SE backbone is demonstrated using hot wire metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD). Controlled Vocabulary Terms germanium compounds; silver alloys; transmission electron microscopes; wiring; X-ray spectroscopy
ChemInform Abstract: UEBERGANGSMETALL‐PHOSPHIN‐KOMPLEXE 9. MITT. AEQ‐PHOSPHIN‐NONACARBONYL‐DIMANGAN(0) (1972)

Abstract Es wird über Darstellungsmethoden, Eigenschaften und das 1 H‐NMR‐Spektrum der neuen Komplexverbindung äq‐Phosphin‐nonacarbonyl‐dimangan(0), (CO)9Mn,PH3, berichtet.
Comparison of calcium oxide, zinc oxide, and iron(III) oxide hydrogen sulfide adsorbents at high temperatures (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparison of calcium oxide, zinc oxide, and iron(III) oxide hydrogen sulfide adsorbents at high temperaturesMotoo Yumura and Edward FurimskyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1985, 24, 4, 1165–1168Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200031a045https://doi.org/10.1021/i200031a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views642Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Dendrimer-Based Self-Assembled Monolayers as Resists for Scanning Probe Lithography (1999)

Ultra-thin dendrimer films are effective resists for high-resolution lithography using a scanning probe. The authors describe dendritic monolayer formation via covalent attachment to a silicon wafer surface and the field-enhanced oxidation of the dendrimer monolayers using scanning probe lithography to create features with dimensions less than 60 nm. Poly-(benzyl ether) dendrimers, terminated with either benzyl or tert-butyldiphenylsilyl ether groups, were used because of their relative ease of preparation and derivatization.
A 0.45–1 V Fully-Integrated Distributed Switched Capacitor DC-DC Converter With High Density MIM Capacitor in 22 nm Tri-Gate CMOS (2014)

A fully integrated switched capacitor voltage regulator (SCVR) with on-die high density MIM capacitor, distributed across a 14 KB register file (RF) load is demonstrated in 22 nm tri-gate CMOS. The multi-conversion-ratio SCVR provides a wide output voltage range of 0.45-1 V from a fixed input voltage of 1.225 V. It achieves 63-84% conversion efficiency and supports a maximum load current density of 0.88 A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The area overhead of the dedicated SCVR on the load is 3.6%. Measured data is presented on various performance indices in detail. Subsequent learning on tradeoffs between various factors like capacitance characteristics, conversion efficiency and current density are delineated and, correlated with theoretical estimates. Performance of RF array shows comparable results when powered with the SCVR and the external rail. The all-digital, modular design allows efficient spatial distribution across the load and hence robust power delivery. The extremely fast response times in the order of few nanoseconds is targeted to benefit agile power management. This work evinces voltage regulator technology as a standard homogenous CMOS component, which can proliferate DVFS domains for maximum energy and area benefits.
Optimal Reliability in Energy Harvesting Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks (2016)

For Industrial Wireless Sensor Networks, it is essential to reliably sense and deliver the environmental data on time to avoid system malfunction. While energy harvesting is a promising technique to extend the lifetime of sensor nodes, it also brings new challenges for system reliability due to the stochastic nature of the harvested energy. In this paper, we investigate the optimal energy management policy to minimize the weighted packet loss rate under delay constraint, where the packet loss rate considers the lost packets both during the sensing and delivering processes. We show that the above energy management problem can be modeled as an infinite horizon average reward constraint Markov decision problem. In order to address the well-known curse of dimensionality problem and facilitate distributed implementation, we utilize the linear value approximation technique. Moreover, we apply stochastic online learning with post-decision state to deal with the lack of knowledge of the underlying stochastic processes. A distributed energy allocation algorithm with water-filling structure and a scheduling algorithm by auction mechanism are obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm achieves nearly the same performance as the optimal offline value iteration algorithm while requiring much less computation complexity and signaling overhead, and outperforms various existing baseline algorithms.
Erratum: “High-refractive-index TiO2-nanoparticle-loaded encapsulants for light-emitting diodes” [J. Appl. Phys. 103, 083120 (2008)] (2010)

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