gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model analysis of the feature profile evolution during Si etching in HBr-containing plasmas (2021)

Feature profiles of Si etched in HBr-containing plasmas have been analyzed through a comparison between experiments and simulations. The emphasis was placed on a mechanistic understanding of the difference in the evolution of profile anomalies (such as tapering, footing, and microtrenching) during Si etching between HBr- and Cl2-based plasmas. Experiments were made with Cl2/O2/HBr chemistry by varying the HBr mixing ratio, using a commercial ultrahigh-frequency electron cyclotron resonance plasma etching reactor, where HCl/O2 chemistry was also employed to compare with that of Cl2/O2 and HBr/O2. Numerical simulations of feature profile evolution were made using a semiempirical atomic-scale cellular model based on the Monte Carlo method that we developed for Si etching in Br2, HBr, and Cl2 plasmas, where surface chemistry and kinetics include the effects of ion reflection from and/or penetration into feature surfaces on incidence. The experiments showed more vertical sidewalls with less footing and microtrenching with HBr; concretely, with increasing HBr mixing ratio in Cl2/O2/HBr plasmas, the tapering is reduced and minimized at 80% HBr where slight lateral or side etching tends to occur, the footing is reduced gradually, and the microtrenching fades away at more than 20% HBr. A comparison with simulations, with the help of separate analyses of ion reflection from surfaces on incidence, indicated that the smaller reflection probability and reflected energy fraction of Br+ on tapered sidewalls (compared to Cl+) are responsible for reduced tapering, footing, and microtrenching in HBr-containing plasmas; moreover, chemical etching effects of neutral H atoms at the feature bottom and sidewalls, arising from the larger reaction probability of H (compared to Cl), are also responsible for reduced microtrenching and for reduced tapering (and the lateral or side etching induced) therein.
Resonant Inverter Topology for All-Metal Domestic Induction Heating (2007)

Nowadays domestic induction cookers usually heat ferromagnetic pans. This technology is well known and it is successfully applied by many manufacturers. However, there are a number of non-ferromagnetic pans (made of aluminium, copper, copper-nickel, or stainless steel) that cannot be properly heated by this technology. In this paper, a modified half-bridge series resonant inverter topology that can heat ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic pans is presented. This inverter topology has two topological configurations with two operation modes: first-harmonic operation mode (FHOM) and third-harmonic operation mode (THOM). This paper presents these two operation modes and the design of the principal parts of the inverter. Finally, the experimental results obtained with a prototype of the resonant inverter are presented.
Adaptive optics for the laser fabrication of 3D graphitic microwires in diamond (2015)

Graphitic wires embedded beneath the surface of single crystal diamond are demonstrated. Through a combination of ultrashort (femtosecond) pulsed fabrication, high numerical aperture focusing and adaptive optics, wires are created with sub micrometre dimensions that can follow any three dimensional path within the diamond. The increased level of focal control available through the use of adaptive optics appears particularly important in the generation of high quality wires, with measured conductivities over an order of magnitude greater than previous laser-induced graphitic wires in diamond. Applications for the embedded wires are discussed.
Field-effect-tuned lateral organic diodes (2010)

The operation of organic diodes in solar cells and light-emitting displays strongly depends on the properties of the interfaces between hole- and electron-carrying organic semiconductors. Such interfaces are difficult to characterize, as they are usually buried under the surface or exist as an irregular "bulk heterojunction." Using a unique fluorinated barrier layer-based lithographic technique, we fabricated a lateral organic p-n junction, allowing the first observation of the potential at an organic p-n interface simultaneously with the charge transport measurements. We find that the diode characteristics of the device (current output and rectification ratio) are consistent with the changes in the surface potentials near the junction, and the current-voltage curves and junction potentials are strongly and self-consistently modulated by a third, gate electrode. The generality of our technique makes this an attractive method to investigate the physics of organic semiconductor junctions. The lithographic technique is applicable to a wide variety of soft material patterns. The observation of built-in potentials makes an important connection between organic junctions and textbook descriptions of inorganic devices. Finally, these kinds of potentials may prove to be controlling factors in charge separation efficiency in organic photovoltaics.
Asymmetric Syntheses via Heterocyclic Intermediates; XV1. Enantioselective Synthesis of (R)-(-)-β-Hydroxyvaline using L,-Valine or (S)-O,O-Dimethyl-α-methyldopa as Chiral Auxiliary Reagents (1982)

published
A Practical Oligomeric [(salen)Co] Catalyst for Asymmetric Epoxide Ring-Opening Reactions (2002)

Prepared by a high yield, chromatography-free route, “oligosalen” exists as a mixture of dimer, trimer, and tetramer (see picture). Derived catalyst systems display remarkable activity and selectivity in the asymmetric ring-opening of epoxides, with turnover numbers exceeding 100 000 in some cases.
6.3 A 10-to-112Gb/s DSP-DAC-Based Transmitter with 1.2Vppd Output Swing in 7nm FinFET (2020)

Internet of things (IoT) devices such as self-driven cars and home appliances are creating massive amounts of data traffic. Obviously, such demand trickles down to every electrical interface in a network. Therefore, next-generation data centers need to evolve accordingly to accommodate the bandwidth demand of a rapidly changing world of technology. Since the channel loss is not improving at the same rate, most of the standards are adopting multilevel signaling to make more efficient use of the frequency spectrum. A 4×112Gb/s PAM-4 transmitter presented in this work is leading this trend to keep electrical signaling viable and relevant for future data centers. It introduces three techniques to enable flexibility over different protocols and achieves 1.56pJ/b (175mW at 112Gb/s data rate including clocking) energy efficiency. First, improving signal-to-noise ratio is key to achieve lower BER in multilevel signaling. This work introduces a `soft-switching' H-bridge output driver to enable a 1.2V peak-to-peak differential output swing without exposing devices beyond breakdown voltage. Second, `flex clocking' is achieved by combining a central LC-PLL with a per-lane sub-sampling ring PLL. This combination enables flexible clock generation to seamlessly support data rates between 10Gb/s NRZ and 112Gb/s PAM-4. This clocking architecture enables low-frequency clock distribution for power saving and is easily scalable to more lanes. Third, a DSP-DAC-based transmitter is used to support an arbitrary number of equalization taps and different modulation schemes [1]. A segmented lookup-table-based (LUP-based) implementation further reduces the DSP power.
Atomic Moments and Magnetic Coupling in Cation Excess-Nickel Arsenides (1963)

The concept of a critical cation-cation separation Rc, such that 3d electrons are collective if R&amp;lt;Rc, are localized if R&amp;gt;Rc, and the assumption that there is no discontinuity through Rc in the interatomic electron correlations, which are known for R&amp;gt;Rc from superexchange theory, permits interpretation of both the sign of the magnetic coupling and the magnitude of the observed magnetic moments in several cation-excess-nickel arsenides. It is necessary, however, to guess at the relative stabilities of a localized 3d level and the collective 3d states. This guess is qualitatively reasonable and consistent with the idea that half-filled shells should be more stable than partially filled shells. Since the same physical arguments were used to account for the magnitudes of the atomic moments and the sign of the magnetic coupling in cubic transition elements and binary alloys, this exercise suggests that these physical ideas, though qualitative, have power to give considerable insight into the essential features of quite complex problems.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Robust Antitumor Immunity in a Patient with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Treated with Cytotoxic Regimens (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Expression levels of genes involved in the MHC class I pathway in the primary tumor and CRLM of patient CRI 3280&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Use of Enzyme‐Catalyzed Reactions in Organic Research: The Synthesis of Biologically Active Natural Products and Analogs (1988)

Abstract Review: (144 refs.
IFITM3 blocks influenza virus entry by sorting lipids and stabilizing hemifusion (2022)

ABSTRACT Interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3) inhibits the entry of numerous viruses through undefined molecular mechanisms. IFITM3 localizes in the endosomal-lysosomal system and specifically impacts virus fusion with target cell membranes. We found that IFITM3 induces local lipid sorting, resulting in an increased concentration of lipids disfavoring viral fusion at the hemifusion site. This increases the energy barrier for fusion pore formation and the hemifusion dwell time, promoting viral degradation in lysosomes. In situ cryo-electron tomography captured IFITM3-mediated arrest of influenza A virus membrane fusion. Observation of hemifusion diaphragms between viral particles and late endosomal membranes confirmed hemifusion stabilization as a molecular mechanism of IFITM3. The presence of the influenza fusion protein hemagglutinin in post-fusion conformation close to hemifusion sites further indicated that IFITM3 does not interfere with the viral fusion machinery. Collectively, these findings show that IFITM3 induces lipid sorting to stabilize hemifusion and prevent virus entry into target cells.
Experimental study of the performance of handset adaptive array antennas in the vicinity of a human operator (2005)

The purpose of this study is to investigate experimentally the performance of adaptive array antennas in mobile handset terminals using the RLS algorithm as the minimum mean square error (MMSE) in the 2 GHz band. Particular emphasis is placed on how well handset AAA works in a practical environment, where the user's body has an influence on performance. In this paper, two types of dual-element AAA model have been derived, Model A which is a simple model, and Model B which is a more realistic model. In Model A, for the basic study, the array is comprised of two dipole antennas placed close to a cylinder shape phantom. In Model B, for the more practical study, the array is comprised of quarter-wavelength monopole antenna and a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), and is placed close to a realistically shaped human phantom. By estimating the correlation between the bit error rate (BER) and the received pattern of the antenna, we describe how a significant enhancement in the ability to reduce interference signals can be achieved, even when the handset is used in proximity to a human operator in a talk situation
Regulation of the Anaphase-promoting Complex–Separase Cascade by Transforming Growth Factor-β Modulates Mitotic Progression in Bone Marrow Stromal Cells (2008)

Alteration of the tumor microenvironment by aberrant stromal cells influences many aspects of cell biology, including differentiation of stem cells and tumor metastasis. The role of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta signaling in stromal cells of the tissue microenvironment is critical to both pathways. We examined murine marrow stromal cells with deletion of Smad3 and found that they have an altered cell cycle profile, with a higher fraction of cells in G2/M phase. Deletion of Smad3 significantly abrogates TGF-beta signaling and suppresses phosphorylation of CDC27-anaphase-promoting complex (APC) during mitosis, thereby resulting in elevated cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK)1 activity via increased levels of cyclin B. Enhanced CDK1 activity due to deregulation of APC leads in turn to hyperphosphorylation of separase, impeding chromatid separation. A residue Ser1126Ala mutation in separase specifically abolished separase hyperphosphorylation in Smad3-deficient cells. The present results unveil a new function for the TGF-beta pathway in the regulation of APC to mediate chromatid separation during mitosis.
Computing systems: research challenges ahead: the HiPEAC Vision 2011/ 2012 (2011)

Computing Systems have a tremendous impact on everyday life in all domains, from the Internet to consumer electronics, transportation to manufacturing, medicine, energy, and scientific computing. In the future, computing systems will continue to be one of our most powerful tools for taking on the societal challenges shaping Europe, its values, and its global competitiveness. The FP7 HiPEAC network of excellence is Europe’s premier organization for coordinating research, improving mobility, and enhancing visibility in the computing system field. HiPEAC covers all computing market segments: embedded systems, general purpose computing systems, data centers and high performance computing. Created in 2004, HiPEAC today gathers over 250 leading European academic and industrial computing system research- ers from about 100 universities and 50 companies in one virtual centre of excellence. To encourage computing systems innovation in Europe, HiPEAC provides collaboration grants, internships, sabbaticals, and improves networking through the yearly HiPEAC conference, ACACES summer school, and the semiannual computing systems week. In this roadmap document, HiPEAC leverages the broad expertise of its members to identify and analyze the key challenges for computing systems in Europe over the next decade. While advances in computing systems have been consistent and dra- matic over the past fifty years, its future today is not as certain. To continue to be a tool for providing new and innovative solu- tions, the computing systems community must face serious challenges in efficiency, complexity, and dependability.
High temperature self-sustained pulsation in AlGaInP visible laser diodes with real refractive index guided self-aligned structure (2003)

High temperature self-sustained pulsation has been realized with a real refractive index guided self-aligned (RISA) structure which has a compressively strained-MQW for the active region. Self-sustained pulsation is maintained up to 75/spl deg/C at an average power of 7 mW CW and the maximum operating current is as low as 60 mA. The maximum operating temperature for self-sustained pulsation is the highest ever reported.
Characterizing Usage of a Campus-wide Wireless Network (2002)

Wireless local-area networks (WLANs) are increasingly common, but little is known about how they are used. A clear understanding of usage patterns in real WLANs is critical information to those who develop, deploy, and manage WLAN technology, as well as those who develop systems and application software for wireless networks. This paper presents results from the largest and most comprehensive trace of network activity in a large, production wireless LAN. For eleven weeks we traced the activity of nearly two thousand users drawn from a general campus population, using a campus-wide network of 476 access points spread over 161 buildings. Our study expands on those done by Tang and Baker, with a significantly larger and broader population. We found that residential traffic dominated all other traffic, particularly in residences populated by newer students; students are increasingly choosing a wireless laptop as their primary computer. Although web protocols were the single largest component of traffic volume, network backup and file sharing contributed an unexpectedly large amount to the traffic. Although there was some roaming within a network session, we were surprised by the number of situations in which cards roamed excessively, unable to settle on one access point. Cross-subnet roams were an especial problem, because they broke IP connections, indicating the need for solutions that avoid or accommodate such roams. 1
Pediatric age-adjusted shock index as a tool for predicting outcomes in children with or without traumatic brain injury (2021)

Prognostic, level III.
A Rationally Designed Universal Catalyst for Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Processes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Arrayed architectures for multi-stage Si-micromachined high-flow Knudsen pumps (2015)

This paper reports an evaluation and a comparison of two architectures for implementing Si-micromachined high-flow Knudsen pumps. Knudsen pumps, which operate on the principle of thermal transpiration, have been shown to have great promise for micro-scale gas phase fluidic systems such as micro gas chromatographs. Simultaneously achieving both a high flow rate and adequate blocking pressure has been a persistent challenge, which is addressed in this work by combining multiple pumps in series and addressing the resulting challenges in thermal management. The basic building block is a Si-micromachined pump with ≈100 000 parallel channels in a 4 mm × 6 mm footprint. In the primary approach, multiple pump stages are stacked vertically with interleaved Si-micromachined spacers. A stacked 4-stage Knudsen pump has a form factor of 10 mm × 8 mm × 6 mm. In an alternate approach, multiple stages are arranged in a planar array. The experimental results demonstrate multiplication of the output pressure head with the number of stages, while the flow rate is maintained. For example, a stacked 4-stage Knudsen pump with 8 W power operated at atmospheric pressure provided a blocking pressure of 0.255 kPa, which was 3.6 × of that provided by a single-stage pump with 2 W power; while both provided a ≈ 30 sccm maximum flow rate. The performance can be customized for practical applications such as micro gas chromatography.
Garbled EDA (2022)

The complexity of modern integrated circuits (ICs) necessitates collaboration between multiple distrusting parties, including third-party intellectual property (3PIP) vendors, design houses, CAD/EDA tool vendors, and foundries, which jeopardizes confidentiality and integrity of each party's IP. IP protection standards and the existing techniques proposed by researchers are ad hoc and vulnerable to numerous structural, functional, and/or side-channel attacks. Our framework, Garbled EDA, proposes an alternative direction through formulating the problem in a secure multi-party computation setting, where the privacy of IPs, CAD tools, and process design kits (PDKs) is maintained. As a proof-of-concept, Garbled EDA is evaluated in the context of simulation, where multiple IP description formats (Verilog, C, S) are supported. Our results demonstrate a reasonable logical-resource cost and negligible memory overhead. To further reduce the overhead, we present another efficient implementation methodology, feasible when the resource utilization is a bottleneck, but the communication between two parties is not restricted. Interestingly, this implementation is private and secure even in the presence of malicious adversaries attempting to, e.g., gain access to PDKs or in-house IPs of the CAD tool providers.
Prognostic significance of MCM2, Ki-67 and gelsolin in non-small cell lung cancer (2006)

The results suggest that higher tumor proliferation and motility may be important in the prognosis of NSCLC, and composite application of biomarkers might be of greater value than single marker application in assessing tumor prognosis.
Effects of thiophene and sulfur dioxide on CO adsorption on cobalt/silica catalysts (1997)

FTIR spectra are reported showing the effects of thiophene on CO adsorption on Co 3 O 4 /SiO 2 and Co/SiO 2 catalysts and of SO 2 on CO adsorption on Co/SiO 2 . Six types of cobalt adsorption site were present on reduced Co/SiO 2 and all could be poisoned by thiophene or SO 2 at 295 K. SO 2 was a stronger poison than thiophene and was more resistant than thiophene to desorption at elevated temperature. Chemisorption of SO 2 poisoned low-coordination Co0 sites more readily than Co0 sites in low-index surface planes. Non-dissociative adsorption of thiophene blocked CO adsorption at 295 K but the thiophene was largely desorbed by evacuation at 473 K. Exposure of Co/SiO 2 to thiophene at 373 K caused dissociative chemisorption and complete poisoning of all cobalt sites.
Effect of Crystallizing the Grain‐Boundary Glass Phase on the High‐Temperature Strength of Hot‐Pressed Si 3 N 4 Containing Y 2 O 3 (1975)

The effects of fabrication variables on the high‐temperature strength of hot‐pressed Si 3 N 4 containing 5 wt% Y 2 O 3 were studied. Materials containing a crystalline grain‐boundary phase, formed as a consequence of a high‐temperature presintering heat treatment and identified as Si 3 N 4 ·Y 2 O 3 , had high‐temperature strengths significantly superior to those observed for materials containing a glass phase.
Hole-Transport Layer Molecular Weight and Doping Effects on Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency and Mechanical Behavior (2019)

The effect of tuning molecular weight ( M<sub>n</sub>) in poly[bis(4-phenyl)(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)amine] (PTAA) to increase both mechanical properties of the film and electrical properties of perovskite solar cells is reported. Perovskite solar cell devices are fabricated to investigate the effect of M<sub>n</sub> on power conversion efficiency. Moisture stability for various M<sub>n</sub> is also studied in PTAA films exposed to mechanical loads in humid environments. Furthermore, cohesion and tensile tests are employed to determine the mechanical properties of PTAA, where higher M<sub>n</sub> leads to more robust films. To elucidate the effect of M<sub>n</sub> on the debonding kinetics, a viscoelastic fracture kinetic model is proposed as a function of M<sub>n</sub>, and the debonding mechanism is found to be dependent on M<sub>n</sub>. Finally, the effect of small-molecule-based dopants on the mechanical stability of PTAA is investigated.
Crystallization Optimum Solubility Screening: using crystallization results to identify the optimal buffer for protein crystal formation (2005)

An optimal solubility screen is described that uses the results of crystallization trials to identify buffers that improve protein solubility and, in turn, crystallization success. This screen is useful not only for standard crystallization experiments, but also can easily be implemented into any high-throughput structure-determination pipeline. As a proof of principle, the predicted novel-fold protein AF2059 from Archaeoglobus fulgidus, which was known to precipitate in most buffers and particularly during concentration experiments, was selected. Using the crystallization results of 192 independent crystallization trials, it was possible to identify a buffer containing 100 mM CHES pH 9.25 that significantly improves its solubility. After transferring AF2059 into this ;optimum-solubility' buffer, the protein was rescreened for crystal formation against these same 192 conditions. Instead of extensive precipitation, as observed initially, it was found that 24 separate conditions produced crystals and the exchange of AF2059 into CHES buffer significantly improved crystallization success. Fine-screen optimization of these conditions led to the production of a crystal suitable for high-resolution (2.2 A) structure determination.