gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of laser‐based spectrometers for greenhouse gas flux measurements in coastal marshes (2016)

Abstract Precise and rapid analyses of greenhouse gases (GHGs) will advance understanding of the net climatic forcing of coastal marsh ecosystems. We examined the ability of a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) analyzer (Model G2508, Picarro) to measure carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), methane (CH 4 ), and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) fluxes in real‐time from coastal marshes through comparisons with a Shimadzu GC‐2014 (GC) in a marsh mesocosm experiment and with a similar laser‐based N 2 O analyzer (Model N 2 O/CO, Los Gatos Research) in both mesocosm and field experiments. Minimum (analytical) detectable fluxes for all gases were more than one order of magnitude lower for the Picarro than the GC. In mesocosms, the Picarro analyzer detected several CO 2 , CH 4 , and N 2 O fluxes that the GC could not, but larger N 2 O fluxes (218–409 μmol m −2 h −1 ) were similar between analyzers. Minimum detectable fluxes for the Picarro were 1 order of magnitude higher than the Los Gatos analyzer for N 2 O. The Picarro and Los Gatos N 2 O fluxes (3–132 μmol m −2 h −1 ) differed in two mesocosm nitrogen addition experiments, but were similar in a mesocosm with larger N 2 O fluxes (326–491 μmol m −2 h −1 ). In a field comparison, Picarro and Los Gatos N 2 O fluxes (13 ± 2 μmol m −2 h −1 ) differed in plots receiving low nitrogen loads but were similar in plots with higher nitrogen loads and fluxes roughly double in magnitude. Both the Picarro and Los Gatos analyzers offer efficient and precise alternatives to GC‐based methods, but the former uniquely enables simultaneous measurements of three major GHGs in coastal marshes.
Misoprostol regulates Bnip3 repression and alternative splicing to control cellular calcium homeostasis during hypoxic stress (2018)

The cellular response to hypoxia involves the activation of a conserved pathway for gene expression regulated by the transcription factor complex called hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). This pathway has been implicated in both the adaptive response to hypoxia and in several hypoxic-ischemic-related pathologies. Perinatal hypoxic injury, often associated with prematurity, leads to multi-organ dysfunction resulting in significant morbidity and mortality. Using a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia and several representative cell lines, we observed HIF1α activation and down-stream induction of the cell death gene Bnip3 in brain, large intestine, and heart which was mitigated by administration of the prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol. Mechanistically, we determined that misoprostol inhibits full-length Bnip3 (Bnip3-FL) expression through PKA-mediated NF-κB (P65) nuclear retention, and the induction of pro-survival splice variants. We observed that the dominant small pro-survival variant of Bnip3 in mouse cells lacks the third exon (Bnip3ΔExon3), whereas human cells produce a pro-survival BNIP3 variant lacking exon 2 (BNIP3ΔExon2). In addition, these small Bnip3 splice variants prevent mitochondrial dysfunction, permeability transition, and necrosis triggered by Bnip3-FL by blocking calcium transfer from the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum to the mitochondria. Furthermore, misoprostol and Bnip3ΔExon3 promote nuclear calcium accumulation, resulting in HDAC5 nuclear export, NFAT activation, and adaptive changes in cell morphology and gene expression. Collectively, our data suggests that misoprostol can mitigate the potential damaging effects of hypoxia on multiple cell types by activating adaptive cell survival pathways through Bnip3 repression and alternative splicing.
Damage Resistance Characterization of Sandwich Composites Using Response Surfaces (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The coupled influence of material configuration (number of facesheet plies, core density, core thickness) and impact parameters (impact velocity and energy, impactor diameter) on the impact damage resistance characteristics of sandwich composites comprised of carbon-epoxy woven fabric facesheets and Nomex honeycomb cores was investigated using empirically based quadratic response surfaces. The diameter of the planar damage area associated with TTU C-scan measurements and the peak residual facesheet indentation depth were used to describe the extent of internal and detectable surface damage, respectively. Estimates of the size of the planar damage region correlated reasonably well with experimentally determined values. For a fixed set of impact parameters, estimates of the planar damage size and residual facesheet indentation suggest that impact damage development is highly material and lay-up configuration dependent. Moreover, those combinations of material system and impact parameters leading to the maximum estimated internal damage do not correspond to those that result in the greatest facesheet indentation. Hence, blunt object impacts may result in appreciable damage that is not amenable to visual inspection. These efforts may facilitate sandwich panel design by establishing relationships between material configuration and impact parameters that lead to improved damage tolerance/ resistance.&lt;/div&gt;
From S‐band mobile interactive multimedia to fixed satellite interactive multimedia: making satellite interactivity affordable at Ku‐band and Ka‐band (2015)

Summary This paper describes the evolution of the ETSI S‐band mobile interactive multimedia protocol to support fixed satellite interactive multimedia (F‐SIM) services exploiting existing Ku‐band and Ka‐band satellites. The key F‐SIM protocol differences for both physical and upper layers are described and justified. The F‐SIM protocol has been adopted by the recently deployed Eutelsat Broadcast Interactive System whose architecture, key system parameters, link budget examples and key composing elements are also described. Finally, a summary of laboratory and field trials results over the Eutelsat KA‐SAT multibeam satellite are illustrated. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Expression of Integrin β3 Is Correlated to the Properties of Quiescent Hemopoietic Stem Cells Possessing the Side Population Phenotype (2006)

With significant attention paid to the field of tissue-specific stem cells, the identification of stem cell-specific markers is of considerable importance. Previously, the side population (SP) phenotype, with the capacity to efflux the DNA-binding dye Hoechst 33342, has been recognized as a common feature of adult tissue-specific stem cells. In this study, we show that high expression of integrin beta(3) (CD61) is an attribute of SP cells isolated from mouse bone marrow. Additionally, we confirmed that the expression of integrin beta(3) is correlated with properties of quiescent hemopoietic stem cells (HSCs) including the strength of the SP phenotype, cell cycle arrest, expression of HSC markers, and long-term hemopoiesis. Importantly, Lineage(-) (Lin(-))/integrin beta(3)(high) (beta(3)(high)) SP cells have as strong a capacity for long-term hemopoiesis as c-Kit(+)/Sca-1(+)/Lin(-) SP cells, which are regarded as one of the most highly enriched HSC populations. Finally, the integrin beta(3) subunit that is present in SP cells having the properties of HSCs, is associated with integrin alpha(v) (CD51). Therefore, our results demonstrate that high expression of integrin beta(3) is correlated to the properties of quiescent HSCs and suggest that the integrin beta(3) subunit is available as a common surface marker of tissue-specific stem cells.
Errors in the determination of left ventricular functional parameters. (1989)

Gated blood-pool scans of the left ventricle are routinely employed for determination of the left ventricular ejection fraction. Recently, attempts have been made to evaluate other left ventricular functional parameters. These values include peak emptying rate (PER), time to peak emptying rate (TPER), peak filling rate (PFR), and time to peak filling rate (TPFR). In studying these parameters clinically, we identified many software errors and assumptions that impact on these values. These errors may also affect the determination of left ventricular ejection fraction (EF). We conclude that before any serious investigation of left ventricular functional parameters is undertaken, a detailed evaluation and standardization of the acquisition and edge detection algorithms must be performed.
Structure and basicity of silyl ethers: a crystallographic and ab initio inquiry into the nature of silicon-oxygen interactions (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure and basicity of silyl ethers: a crystallographic and ab initio inquiry into the nature of silicon-oxygen interactionsSoroosh Shambayati, Stuart L. Schreiber, James F. Blake, Scott G. Wierschke, and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 2, 697–703Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00158a031RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views915Altmetric-Citations165LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Integration of pseudorange measurements from multiple base stations for asset mapping (1995)

Abstract Differential GPS surveys can routinely yield position accuracy of better than five metres. There are a significant number of applications requiring such an accuracy level, one of which is the collection of assets such as fire hydrants, telecommunications utilities, light poles and street furniture. Processing of the double difference pseudorange observable provides an effective solution for achieving the accuracy required for asset mapping. One potential weakness of differential GPS techniques is the requirement for a continuously tracking base station. Greater survey insurance and integrity can be achieved by collecting data using multiple base sites established at different locations. This paper introduces a technique for merging the measurements acquired at roving sites and multiple base sites in a single estimation process. Double differences are generated between each rover-base station combination and are combined to yield a least squares position estimate of the rover station. Results of a field test highlight the ability of the procedure to increase survey integrity by effectively reducing errors caused by data collected at noisy base station sites.
Space-efficient scheduling of multithreaded computations (1993)

Article Free Access Share on Space-efficient scheduling of multithreaded computations Authors: Robert D. Blumofe View Profile , Charles E. Leiserson View Profile Authors Info & Claims STOC '93: Proceedings of the twenty-fifth annual ACM symposium on Theory of ComputingJune 1993 Pages 362–371https://doi.org/10.1145/167088.167196Published:01 June 1993Publication History 40citation647DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations40Total Downloads647Last 12 Months41Last 6 weeks9 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Low Frequency Plasma Oscillations in a 6-kW Magnetically Shielded Hall Thruster (2013)

The oscillations from 0-100 kHz in a 6-kW magnetically shielded thruster are experimen- tally characterized. Changes in plasma parameters that result from the magnetic shielding of Hall thrusters have the potential to significantly alter thruster transients. A detailed investigation of the resulting oscillations is necessary both for the purpose of determin- ing the underlying physical processes governing time-dependent behavior in magnetically shielded thrusters as well as for improving thruster models. In this investigation, a high speed camera and a translating ion saturation probe are employed to examine the spatial extent and nature of oscillations from 0-100 kHz in the H6MS thruster. Two modes are identified at 8 kHz and 75-90 kHz. The low frequency mode is azimuthally uniform across the thruster face while the high frequency oscillation is concentrated close to the thruster centerline with an m = 1 azimuthal dependence. These experimental results are discussed in the context of wave theory as well as published observations from an unshielded variant of the H6MS thruster.
10606 Flow Field Measurement in a Concentric Rotating Cylinders Type Photosynthetic Bio-reactor using UVP (2009)

This paper describes a biocatalyst culture environment in a photosynthetic bioreactor. Generally, in the cultivation of the biocatalysts, stirring is important factor for the uniform nutrient supply. A screw propeller is used for a simple agitation, however, the problem is that there exists a very high shearing flow region just near the propeller and the biocatalysts can be destructed by the shearing force. Therefore, we have attention to TVF stirring, because this means is expected to reduce such a local and random shearing force. In this study, for the investigating of the relationship between the photosynthetic biocatalysts growth rate and the flow structures in a concentric rotating cylinders type cultivation container, the flow structures in the container were measured by an ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP).
DT‐03–02: Viewing neurodegeneration beyond the tangle: The role of RNA binding proteins in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

The aggregation of proteins, such as tau, that occurs in neurodegenerative diseases is classically thought to occur as an undesirable, nonfunctional byproduct of protein misfolding. In contrast, RNA binding proteins use protein aggregation as part of a normal regulated, physiological mechanism that consolidates RNA-protein complexes. RNA binding proteins play fundamental roles in managing RNA splicing, transport and translation. The complexes of RNA-protein aggregates have many different functions, but play a particularly prominent role during conditions of stress, where they form complexes termed stress granules. Using biochemical and immunochemical approaches, we investigated the process of aggregation of tau and TDP-43, which are two proteins that form intracellular aggregates. Studies were done using a range of systems, including neuronal cell culture, transgenic mice and human post-mortem specimens. We observe that intracellular aggregates of tau and TDP-43 co-localize with numerous RNA binding proteins, including TIA-1, TTP and eIF3. The RNA binding protein complexes fulfilled criteria of stress granules, suggesting that they are linked to known physiological processes regulating RNA binding protein aggregation. The degree of co-localization varies with disease state and the type of RNA binding protein examined. Mice expressing APP alone (5xFAD) do not exhibit strong formation of stress granules. In contrast mice expressing APP and tau (3xTgAD) exhibit particularly strong co-localization between tau and RNA binding proteins. Our studies of tau protein indicate that some RNA binding proteins directly interact with tau in a manner that reflects tau phosphorylation. The interaction between tau and TIA-1 might have important effects on the tendency of tau to aggregate, because co-transfecting tau with TIA-1 induces hyper-phosphorylated tau inclusions. We hypothesize that aggregation of RNA binding proteins contributes to the pathophysiology of tau in Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies. RNA granules, such as stress granules, protect against stress, but under conditions of chronic stress the process might become overactive producing pathological stress granules that persist and interfere with neuronal functions. RNA binding proteins might represent a previously “hidden” component of intracellular aggregates that can be utilized as diagnostic and/or therapeutic targets.
Age‐related morphology trends of cortical sulci (2005)

The age-related trends of the width and the depth of major cortical sulci were studied in normal adults. Ninety healthy subjects (47 males, 43 females) age 20-82 years were evaluated. Measurements of average sulcal width and depth in 14 prominent sulcal structures per hemisphere were performed with high-resolution anatomical MRI. The average sulcal width increased at a rate of about 0.7 mm/decade, while the average sulcal depth decreased at a rate of about 0.4 mm/decade. Sulcal age-related trends were found to be highly influenced by gender in the superior temporal, collateral, and cingulate sulci (P < 0.05), with males showing more pronounced age-related change in sulcal width than females. Sulcal structures located in multimodal cortical areas showed more profound age-related changes than sulcal structures in unimodal cortical areas (P < 0.05).
Design and construction of aeration systems for optimum operation of large wastewater treatment plants (1996)

The construction and operation of large wastewater treatment plants are very important tasks today. Choosing the optimum process design can help to keep initial costs low. Careful operation and modern equipment reduces the operational costs. Taking into account the huge demand (Anonymous EEC-Report 1990) for new wastewater treatment plants or plants which need to be upgraded after the new EEC legislation concerning sewage treatment came into force in May, 1991 (Anonymous EEC-Guideline 1991) it is quite clear that only cost-effective processes supported by energy-efficient equipment are the answer to economical wastewater treatment. Regarding the operational costs for biological treatment, approximately 70% of the total energy consumption is used for the activated sludge part of the treatment plant, i.e. for the stirring and aeration systems (Hofken et al. 1992). That shows how important the proper design of such systems is and implies that only innovative and energy-efficient equipment should be used. This paper presents theoretical considerations for the design of aeration systems for aerobic processes. These considerations lead to recommendations for the construction and the operation of aeration systems.
Incoherent 3D k-space synthesis with volumetric optical coherence refraction tomography (2021)

We present 3D optical coherence refraction tomography (OCRT), which incoherently synthesizes an extended 3D transfer function using multi-view OCT volumes spanning two angular dimensions. Our setup features a novel use of parabolic mirrors, achieving millimetric fields of view over ± 75 ◦ without rotation stages.
Brønsted-Basen-katalysierte Synthese von Glycerincarbonat aus Glycerin und Kohlenstoffdioxid (2018)

The utilisation of carbon dioxide and renewable resources as feedstocks for the chemical industry is highly desirable due to fossil fuel depletion and climate change. Chemicals directly produced from these substrates could lead to a circular economy. In this regard, the synthesis of organic carbonates directly from an alcohol and CO2 is a sustainable target transformation since alcohols are readily available from renewable resources. Organic carbonates then can be used as greener alternatives for existing high-boiling polar solvents, carbonation sources or monomers for polycarbonates. The present thesis investigated the direct synthesis of cyclic carbonates and, in particular, glycerol carbonate from glycerol and carbon dioxide by Brønstedt base catalysis. Glycerol is a trivalent alcohol that is a by-product from different biomass conversion processes especially of the biodiesel production and is currently considered as a waste product. The synthesis of the corresponding five-membered cyclic carbonate leads to a value-added compound as it possesses two different functional groups, a hydroxyl group and a 2-oxa-1,3-dioxolane group, leading to a wide reactivity and a broad range of industrial applications. The aim of this thesis is to provide a better understanding of the direct synthesis of glycerol carbonate from glycerol and CO2. The reaction produces water as by-product which should be removed to shift the equilibrium towards the product side. Two different approaches to remove H2O were investigated: I) the reactive dehydration by acetonitrile, and II) the water extraction by a continuous carbon dioxide flow. For both water removal methods, the influence of reaction parameters such as temperature, catalyst, CO2 pressure or additives on the product yield was studied. Furthermore, the reaction mechanism and the formation of side products were investigated. In the case of reactive water removal with acetonitrile as dehydration agent, glycerol carbonate was synthesised in 17 % yield from glycerol and carbon dioxide with potassium carbonate as catalyst. It was found that the glycerol carbonate yield reaches a maximum depending on the reaction conditions due to a complex reaction network leading to side and decomposition reactions. For the non-reactive water removal in the synthesis of glycerol carbonate, a new semi-continuous process was developed with CO2 acting both as reagent and stripping gas. Glycerol carbonate was synthesised in 13 % yield. Investigations on the reaction mechanism identified glycerol hemi-carbonate as intermediate and the subsequent cyclisation to the cyclic carbonate as rate-determining step.
Achievable Rates for Joint Communication and Channel Estimation (2007)

A formulation for a joint communication and estimation problem is proposed: simultaneous communication over a noisy channel and estimation of certain channel parameters are desired. We are interested in quantifying the tradeoff between the achievable rate and distortion in estimating the channel parameters. Two particular sample channels are considered and achievable rates for these channels are determined. First, the binary symmetric channel is examined; an achievable capacity-distortion tradeoff is derived for both joint and time-orthogonal protocols. For the flat fading, additive, white, Gaussian noise channel, a novel joint communication and estimation scheme using low correlation sequences is presented. It is observed that in most situations, joint communication and estimation performs better than a scheme where communication and estimation are performed individually, furthermore, the gains of joint communication and estimation over individual communication and estimation can be significant as the distortion tolerance increases. Finally, it is observed that even a slight tolerance to errors in the channel parameters close to the theoretical lower bounds yield significant improvements in the rate at which reliable communication is achievable.