gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual Stimuli-Responsive Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-methacrylic acid) Microgels Based on Photo-Cleavable Cross-Linkers: pH-Dependent Swelling and Light-Induced Degradation (2011)

Dual stimuli-responsive p(HEMA-co-MAA) microgels were prepared in a facile way by inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) with methacrylic acid (MAA) and two kinds of newly synthesized photodegradable cross-linkers. The pH-dependent swelling behavior induced by the protonation/deprotonation of the methacrylic acid groups in the network-forming polymer was investigated by means of the particle volume change as determined by DLS measurements. Photolytic degradation experiments were conducted by irradiation with UV light which led to particle disintegration caused by cleavage of the photolabile cross-linking points. The degradation behavior of the microgels was investigated with respect to degradation rates and changes in the degree of swelling. Those parameters were found to depend on the pH value of the solvent, the light intensities, and the irradiation wavelengths applied. For similar conditions, the degradation profile was demonstrated to strongly depend not only on the molecular structure of the cross-linking molecule but also on the molecular weight of the network-forming copolymers. The particular combination of the stimuli described is designed as a new strategy to two different swelling/degradation profiles. This dual stimuli-responsiveness was shown to enable the efficient loading and subsequent release of myoglobin as a model protein. Here a slow diffusion controlled release (induced by changes of the pH) was combined with a fast degradation controlled (induced by irradiation) on-demand release. This novel two-step release profile is proposed to bear great potential for delivery applications.
36.4: 3D Simulation Tool for RAC Magnetic Deflection Units (2001)

Abstract The trend towards slim CRTs has led to new developments in deflection unit (DU) design such as RAC (RectAngular Cone). We have developed a software tool to support the development of RAC DUs. Additionally, the impact of the properties of the ferrite core on the performance of the DU has been studied.
Improved lower extremity pedaling mechanics in individuals with stroke under maximal workloads (2018)

Background Individuals with stroke present with motor control deficits resulting in the abnormal activation and timing of agonist and antagonist muscles and inefficient movement patterns. The analysis of pedaling biomechanics provides a window into understanding motor control deficits, which vary as a function of workload. Understanding the relationship between workload and motor control is critical when considering exercise prescription during stroke rehabilitation. Objectives To characterize pedaling kinematics and motor control processes under conditions in which workload was systematically increased to an eventual patient-specific maximum. Methods A cohort study was conducted in which 18 individuals with chronic stroke underwent a maximal exertion cardiopulmonary exercise test on a stationary cycle ergometer, during which pedaling torque was continuously recorded. Measures of force production, pedaling symmetry, and pedaling smoothness were obtained. Results Mean Torque increased significantly (p < 0.05) for both legs from initial to terminal workloads. Mean torque Symmetry Index, calculated for down and upstroke portions of the pedaling action, improved from 0.37(0.29) to 0.29(0.35) during downstroke (p = 0.007), and worsened during the upstroke: -0.37(0.38) to -0.62(0.46) (p < 0.001) from initial to terminal workloads. Low Torque Duration improved from initial to terminal workloads, decreasing from 121.1(52.9) to 58.1(39.6) degrees (p < 0.001), respectively. Smoothness of pedaling improved significantly from initial to terminal workloads (p < 0.001). Conclusions Improved pedaling kinematics at terminal workloads indicate that individuals with stroke demonstrate improved motor control with respect to the timing, sequencing, and activation of hemiparetic lower extremity musculature compared to lower workloads. Therapeutic prescription involving higher resistance may be necessary to sufficiently engage and activate the paretic lower extremity.
Rapid separation of protein isoforms by capillary zone electrophoresis with new dynamic coatings (2005)

Abstract Many cellular functions are regulated through protein isoforms. Changes in the expression level or regulatory dysfunctions of isoforms often lead to developmental or pathological disorders. Isoforms are traditionally analyzed using techniques such as gel‐ or capillary‐based isoelectric focusing. However, with proper electroosmotic flow (EOF) control, isoforms with small p I differences can also be analyzed using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). Here we demonstrate the ability to quickly resolve isoforms of three model proteins (bovine serum albumin, transferrin, α 1 ‐antitrypsin) in capillaries coated with novel dynamic coatings. The coatings allow reproducible EOF modulation in the cathodal direction to a level of 10 ‐9 m 2 V ‐1 s ‐1 . They also appear to inhibit protein adsorption to the capillary wall, making the isoform separations highly reproducible both in peak areas and apparent mobility. Isoforms of transferrin and α 1 ‐antitrypsin have been implicated in several human diseases. By coupling the CZE isoform separation with standard affinity capture assays, it may be possible to develop a cost‐effective analytical platform for clinical diagnostics.
RF-interrogatable hydrogel-actuated biosensor (2000)

The authors present a novel micromachined sensor that couples a swellable hydrogel with capacitive detection. The hydrogel swells in response to analyte concentration, exerting contact pressure on a deformable conducting membrane. Results are presented for characterization of a PHEMA hydrogel swelling in response to a calcium nitrate solution. Pressure-deflection measurements are performed on NiTi-based membranes. Hydrogel-actuated deflections of the membranes are measured. These measurements are correlated to determine the pressure generating characteristics of the hydrogel. Membrane deflection techniques have not previously been employed for hydrogel characterization. The PHEMA sample exhibited greatest sensitivity in the pH range of 6.0--6.5 and performed an average of 2.8 Joules of work per m{sup 3} per pH unit in response to ambient conditions over the pH range 3.5--6.5. The membrane deflections correspond to capacitive shifts of about 4 pF per pH unit for a capacitive transducer with initial gap of 100 {micro}m, capacitor plate area of 18.5 mm{sup 2} , and initial hydrogel volume of 11 {micro}L.
3D Human Big Data Exchange Between the Healthcare and Garment Sectors (2022)

Abstract 3D personal data is a type of data that contains useful information for product design, online sale services, medical research and patient follow-up. Currently, hospitals store and grow massive collections of 3D data that are not accessible by researchers, professionals or companies. About 2.7 petabytes a year are stored in the EU26. In parallel to the advances made in the healthcare sector, a new, low-cost 3D body-surface scanning technology has been developed for the goods consumer sector, namely, apparel, animation and art. It is estimated that currently one person is scanned every 15 min in the USA and Europe. And increasing. The 3D data of the healthcare sector can be used by designers and manufacturers of the consumer goods sector. At the same time, although 3D body-surface scanners have been developed primarily for the garment industry, 3D scanners’ low cost, non-invasive character and ease of use make them appealing for widespread clinical applications and large-scale epidemiological surveys. However, companies and professionals of the consumer goods sector cannot easily access the 3D data of the healthcare sector. And vice versa. Even exchanging information between data owners in the same sector is a big problem today. It is necessary to overcome problems related to data privacy and the processing of huge 3D datasets. To break these silos and foster the exchange of data between the two sectors, the BodyPass project has developed: (1) processes to harmonize 3D databases; (2) tools able to aggregate 3D data from different huge datasets; (3) tools for exchanging data and to assure anonymization and data protection (based on blockchain technology and distributed query engines); (4) services and visualization tools adapted to the necessities of the healthcare sector and the garment sector. These developments have been applied in practical cases by hospitals and companies of in the garment sector.
Coherent beam combining with high-power slab-coupled optical waveguide amplifiers (2012)

SCOWAs have produced 1.5 W of output power with a 44 mW seed. Arrays of 47 SCOWA elements have demonstrated a raw power of 57 W. Coherent beam combining of these arrays will be discussed.
Neural-specific expression, genomic structure, and chromosomal localization of the gene encoding the zinc-finger transcription factor NGFI-C. (1992)

The nerve growth factor-induced clone C (NGFI-C) gene encodes a zinc-finger transcription factor that is rapidly induced by nerve growth factor in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells and by seizure in brain. NGFI-C is closely related to the previously described early response genes, nerve growth factor-induced clone A (NGFI-A or EGR1), EGR2, and EGR3. These four early response (immediate early) proteins all contain very similar zinc-finger DNA binding domains; in addition, analysis of the non-zinc-finger region revealed that they share an additional five highly homologous subdomains, four of which are within the amino terminus. The 5' flanking region of NGFI-C contains several cAMP response elements but does not contain any serum-response elements or CArG boxes [CC(A/T)6GG], cis-acting elements commonly involved in early response gene regulation. NGFI-C mRNA was detected in neural tissues of postnatal animals, but no expression was found in rat embryos. In situ hybridization demonstrated that NGFI-C is rapidly induced in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus after seizure, but in contrast to NGFI-A, increases in NGFI-C mRNA were not detected in the overlying cortex. By using fluorescence in situ hybridization, NGFI-C was localized to human chromosome 2p13. This region contains a constitutive fragile site that is associated with chromosomal breakpoints and translocations characteristic of some chronic lymphocytic leukemias.
High responsivity A-plane GaN-based metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors for polarization-sensitive applications (2009)

The fabrication and characterization of metal-semiconductor-metal polarization-sensitive photodetectors based on A-plane GaN grown on R-plane sapphire substrates is reported. These photodetectors take advantage of the in-plane crystal anisotropy, which results in linear dichroism near the band gap energy. The high resistivity of the A-plane GaN material leads to extremely low dark currents. For an optimized finger spacing of 1 μm, dark current density and responsivity at 30 V are 0.3 nA/mm2 and 2 A/W, respectively. A maximum polarization sensitivity ratio of 1.8 was determined. In a differential configuration, the full width at half maximum of the polarization-sensitive region is 8.5 nm.
Folding of Thick Origami Through Regionally Sandwiched Compliant Sheets (2019)

Abstract The regional sandwiching of compliant sheets (ReCS) technique presented in this work creates flat-foldable, rigid-foldable, and self-deploying thick origami-based mechanisms. Regional sandwiching of the compliant sheet is used to create mountain-valley assignments for each fold about a vertex, constraining motion to a single branch of folding. Strain energy in deflected flexible members is used to enable self-deployment. This work presents the methods to design origami-based mechanisms using the ReCS technique, including volume trimming at the vertex of the compliant sheet and of the panels used in the sandwich. Three physical models, a simple single fold mechanism, a degree-four vertex mechanism, and a full tessellation, are presented to demonstrate the ReCS technique using acrylic panels with spring and low-carbon steels. Consideration is given to the risk of yielding of the compliant sheet due to parasitic motion with possible mitigation of yielding by decreasing the thickness of the sheet.
Novel Field-Induced Gray-Level Selective Patterning of Self-Assembled Aminosilane Monolayer on the SiO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces by using Scanning Probe Bond Breaking Lithography (2008)

2008 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Novel Field-Induced Gray-Level Selective Patterning of Self-Assembled Aminosilane Monolayer on the SiO<sub>2</sub> Surfaces by using Scanning Probe Bond Breaking Lithography
Dimeric 2G12 as a Potent Protection against HIV-1 (2010)

We previously showed that broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibody 2G12 (human IgG1) naturally forms dimers that are more potent than monomeric 2G12 in in vitro neutralization of various strains of HIV-1. In this study, we have investigated the protective effects of monomeric versus dimeric 2G12 against HIV-1 infection in vivo using a humanized mouse model. Our results showed that passively transferred, purified 2G12 dimer is more potent than 2G12 monomer at preventing CD4 T cell loss and suppressing the increase of viral load following HIV-1 infection of humanized mice. Using humanized mice bearing IgG "backpack" tumors that provided 2G12 antibodies continuously, we found that a sustained dimer concentration of 5-25 µg/ml during the course of infection provides effective protection against HIV-1. Importantly, 2G12 dimer at this concentration does not favor mutations of the HIV-1 envelope that would cause the virus to completely escape 2G12 neutralization. We have therefore identified dimeric 2G12 as a potent prophylactic reagent against HIV-1 in vivo, which could be used as part of an antibody cocktail to prevent HIV-1 infection.
TGF‐β‐induced protein βig‐h3 is upregulated by high glucose in vascular smooth muscle cells (2002)

TGF-beta-induced gene-h3 (beta ig-h3) is an adhesive molecule that interacts with integrins. Because TGF-beta plays an important role in diabetic complications and beta ig-h3 serves as a cell substrate, we hypothesized that diabetic conditions might increase beta ig-h3 synthesis in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which may subsequently contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic angiopathy. The concentrations of beta ig-h3 and TGF-beta were measured in conditioned media using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An immunohistochemical study showed that beta ig-h3 was expressed in the VSMCs and the matrix of rat aortas. TGF-beta stimulated beta ig-h3 production, and high glucose induced beta ig-h3 as well as TGF-beta production in the VSMCs. The high glucose-induced beta ig-h3 expression was almost entirely blocked by an anti-TGF-beta antibody. beta ig-h3 protein mediated the adhesion, spreading, migration, and proliferation of rat VSMCs. These results suggest that the high glucose-induced beta ig-h3 in VSMCs regulates VSMC functions and may play an important role in diabetic angiopathy.
Removal of Mitochondria-Generated Reactive Oxygen Species Delays Age-Associated Disk Degeneration (2012)

Introduction Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free radicals are byproducts of oxidative metabolism that cause cellular damage and are implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases. Mitochondria are the main cellular sites of ROS production. Recent studies reported a positive correlation between mitochondria dysfunction and age-associated disk cellular senescence and apoptosis. Hence, we hypothesize that reducing mitochondria-generated ROS would slow the onset of age-related intervertebral disk degeneration (IDD). We tested this hypothesis by chronically treating the Errc1 -/D mouse model of accelerated aging with XJB-5-131, a mitochondria-targeted free radical scavenger previously demonstrated to be therapeutic in rodent models of hemorrhagic shock and sepsis. Materials and Methods Pairs of 5-week-old siblings of Ercc1 -/▵ mice were treated with XJB-5-131 or oil carrier control (intraperitoneal injections, 2 mg/Kg, 3×/week, 15 weeks). Total proteoglycan content (safranin-O histology, DMMB assay) and synthesis ( 35 S-sulfate incorporation) were measured. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was performed to assess disk mitochondria number and morphology in Ercc1 -/▵ mice and wild-type littermates. Results TEM showed greater mitochondrial death in discs of Ercc1 -/▵ mice compared to their wild-type littermates. Compared to oil-treated Ercc1 -/▵ controls, disks from XJB-5-131 treated Ercc1 -/▵ mice showed greater (1.3×) proteoglycan matrix content and higher (1.9×) rate of proteoglycan synthesis. Conclusion Errc1 -/Dmouse model of a human progeria had previously established as an accurate model of spine aging. Treatment of Errc1 -/Dmice with a mitochondria-targeted ROS scavenger decreased disk proteoglycan loss. This result is consistent with our in vitro studies which showed XJB-5-131 is able to rescue reduced proteoglycan synthesis mediated by oxidative stress in human disk cells grown at high oxygen (20 vs. 5% oxygen). The findings in this study suggest that oxidative damage originating from mitochondria dysfunction plays an important role in disk health. The mitochondrial-targeted ROS free radical scavenger XJB-5-131 is potentially therapeutic in delaying the onset of age-related IDD. I confirm having declared any potential conflict of interest for all authors listed on this abstract Yes Disclosure of Interest None declared
Barrier-metal-free (BMF), Cu dual-damascene interconnects with Cu-epi-contacts buried in anti-diffusive, low-k organic film (2002)

Barrier-metal-free (BMF) Cu dual-damascene interconnects (DDI) are fabricated in the plasma-polymerized, divinyl siloxane bis-benzocyclobutene (p-BCB: k=2.6) polymer film, which is characterised by anti-diffusive characteristics for the Cu. The BMF-structure has inter-line leakage current as low as that of a conventional barrier-inserted structure and is estimated to retain the high insulating properties for over 10 years under 1 MV/cm stress. The BMF-structure also derives Cu-epi-contacts, reducing the via-resistance to 50% of that of the conventional Cu/barrier/Cu contacts. The effective dielectric constant was k/sub eff/=3.1, including very thin SiN etch-stop-layers, accomplishing 20% faster CMOS device operation compared to that of the conventional Cu-DDI in the SiO/sub 2/ with Ta-TaN barriers. The BMF Cu-DDIs buried directly in the p-BCB film is one of the ultimate structures for high performance, 0.1 /spl mu/m-CMOS devices and beyond.
Spatial autocorrelation functions for calculations of effective propagation constants in polycrystalline materials (1986)

Spatial autocorrelation functions effect the scattering processes and the effective propagation constants of elastodynamic waves in single-phase, polycrystalline media. The spatial autocorrelation function W(r1,r2) is the probability that the two points r1 and r2 are in the same grain. A ‘‘grain’’ is a discrete, homogeneous domain within an inhomogeneous medium which is composed completely of such domains. One way to calculate W(r1,r2) is empirically. It employs cord lengths measured on a micrograph, and thus provides a means of determining the autocorrelation function for real materials. A second way to calculate W(r1,r2) is analytically, and employs expressions for the probability density of the cord lengths. Analytical calculation allows the use of assumptions about the geometrical nature of the grains in a material to be incorporated into theoretical expressions for effective propagation constants, and gives measures of effective ‘‘grain size.’’ Two specific assumptions have been important for such calculations, and so serve as examples in the present paper: that the cord lengths have Poisson statistics, and that the grains are spherical. Analytical calculation is also useful for the prediction of errors caused by empirically calculating W(r1,r2) from a finite data set of measured cord lengths.
Seed germination studies in Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex Benth., a high value endangered medicinal species (2007)

Treating seeds of Picrorhiza kurroa, an important endangered temperate medicinal plant, with 150 ppm GA3 for 24 hrs. resulted in maximum germination percentage of 68%. Seedlings should be allowed to remain in the nursery beds for at least one season by which they develop enough rootstock to withstand transplantation shock. Approximately 40-50 g seed is required for raising nursery for one hectare area.
Marginal Mean Models for Dynamic Regimes (2001)

A dynamic treatment regime is a list of rules for how the level of treatment will be tailored through time to an individual's changing severity. In general, individuals who receive the highest level of treatment are the individuals with the greatest severity and need for treatment. Thus there is planned selection of the treatment dose. In addition to the planned selection mandated by the treatment rules, the use of staff judgment results in unplanned selection of the treatment level. Given observational longitudinal data or data in which there is unplanned selection, of the treatment level, the methodology proposed here allows the estimation of a mean response to a dynamic treatment regime under the assumption of sequential randomization.
Therapeutic Effects of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Mouse Model of Cerebellar Ataxia with Neuroinflammation (2020)

Cerebellar ataxias (CAs) are neurological diseases characterized by loss of muscle coordination that is a result of damage and inflammation to the cerebellum. Despite considerable efforts in basic and clinical research, most CAs are currently incurable. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) against CAs associated with neuroinflammation. We observed that hMSC treatment significantly inhibited the symptoms of ataxia in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory CA (ICA) mice, which were recently reported as a potential animal model of ICA, through the anti-inflammatory effect of hMSC-derived TNFα-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6), the protection of Purkinje cells by inhibition of apoptosis, and the modulatory effect for microglial M2 polarization. Thus, our results suggest that hMSC treatment may be an effective therapeutic approach for preventing or improving ataxia symptoms.
SERoCS: Safe and Efficient Robot Collaborative Systems for Next Generation Intelligent Industrial Co-Robots (2018)

Human-robot collaborations have been recognized as an essential component for future factories. It remains challenging to properly design the behavior of those co-robots. Those robots operate in dynamic uncertain environment with limited computation capacity. The design objective is to maximize their task efficiency while guaranteeing safety. This paper discusses a set of design principles of a safe and efficient robot collaboration system (SERoCS) for the next generation co-robots, which consists of robust cognition algorithms for environment monitoring, efficient task planning algorithms for reference generations, and safe motion planning and control algorithms for safe human-robot interactions. The proposed SERoCS will address the design challenges and significantly expand the skill sets of the co-robots to allow them to work safely and efficiently with their human counterparts. The development of SERoCS will create a significant advancement toward adoption of co-robots in various industries. The experiments validate the effectiveness of SERoCS.