gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using statistical monitoring to detect failures in internet services (2005)

Since the Internet's popular emergence in the mid-1990's, Internet services such as e-mail and messaging systems, search engines, e-commerce, news and financial sites, have become an important and often mission-critical part of our society. Unfortunately, managing these systems and keeping them running is a significant challenge. Their rapid rate of change as well as their size and complexity mean that the developers and operators of these services usually have only an incomplete idea of how the system works and even what it is supposed to do. This results in poor fault management, as operators have a hard time diagnosing faults and an even harder time detecting them. 
This dissertation argues that statistical monitoring—the use of statistical analysis and machine learning techniques to analyze live observations of a system's behavior—can be an important tool in improving the manageability of Internet services. Statistical monitoring has several important features that are well suited to managing Internet services. First, the dynamic analysis of a system's behavior in statistical monitoring means that there is no dependency on specifications or descriptions that might be stale or incorrect. Second, monitoring a live, deployed system gives insight into system behavior that cannot be achieved in QA or testing environments. Third, automatic analysis through statistical monitoring can better cope with larger and more complex systems, aiding human operators as well as automating parts of the system management process. 
This dissertation presents a statistical monitoring approach to three fault management problems: detecting failures in Internet services without requiring a priori knowledge of correct application behavior; automatically inferring undocumented system structure and invariants; and localizing the potential cause of a failure given its symptoms. We describe our methodology as well as our experiments with prototype implementations. Our experience provides strong support for statistical monitoring, and suggest that it may prove to be an important tool in improving the manageability and reliability of Internet services.
Extending the XNAT archive tool for image and analysis management in ophthalmology research (2013)

In ophthalmology, various modalities and tests are utilized to obtain vital information on the eye’s structure and function. For example, optical coherence tomography (OCT) is utilized to diagnose, screen, and aid treatment of eye diseases like macular degeneration or glaucoma. Such data are complemented by photographic retinal fundus images and functional tests on the visual field. DICOM isn’t widely used yet, though, and frequently images are encoded in proprietary formats. The eXtensible Neuroimaging Archive Tool (XNAT) is an open-source NIH-funded framework for research PACS and is in use at the University of Iowa for neurological research applications. Its use for ophthalmology was hence desirable but posed new challenges due to data types thus far not considered and the lack of standardized formats. We developed custom tools for data types not natively recognized by XNAT itself using XNAT’s low-level REST API. Vendor-provided tools can be included as necessary to convert proprietary data sets into valid DICOM. Clients can access the data in a standardized format while still retaining the original format if needed by specific analysis tools. With respective project-specific permissions, results like segmentations or quantitative evaluations can be stored as additional resources to previously uploaded datasets. Applications can use our abstract-level Python or C/C++ API to communicate with the XNAT instance. This paper describes concepts and details of the designed upload script templates, which can be customized to the needs of specific projects, and the novel client-side communication API which allows integration into new or existing research applications.
Self-Accelerating Self-Trapped Optical Beams (2011)

We present self-accelerating self-trapped beams in nonlinear optical media, exhibiting self-focusing and self-defocusing Kerr and saturable nonlinearities, as well as a quadratic response. In Kerr and saturable media such beams are stable under self-defocusing and weak self-focusing, whereas for strong self-focusing the beams off-shoot solitons while their main lobe continues to accelerate. Self-accelerating self-trapped wave packets are universal, and can also be found in matter waves, plasma, etc.
Synchrotron Infrared Nano-Spectroscopy (2014)

By combining scattering-scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) with mid-infrared synchrotron radiation, synchrotron infrared nano-spectroscopy (SINS) enables molecular and phonon vibrational spectroscopic imaging, with rapid spectral acquisition, spanning the full mid-infrared (500-5000 cm) region with nanoscale spatial resolution. This highly powerful combination provides access to a qualitatively new form of nano-chemometric analysis with the investigation of nanoscale, mesoscale, and surface phenomena that were previously impossible to study with IR techniques. We have installed a SINS end-station at Beamline 5.4 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, making the s-SNOM technique widely available to non-experts, such that it can be broadly applied to biological, surface chemistry, materials, or environmental science problems. Here, we demonstrate the performance of SINS on semiconductor, biomineral, and protein nanostructures, providing vibrational chemical imaging with sub-zeptomole sensitivity.
Molecular characteristics of a pancreatic adenocarcinoma associated with Shwachman‐Diamond syndrome (2013)

Our case raises the possibility that solid tumors are associated with SDS, thereby broadening the clinical phenotype of the disease. The relatively young age at cancer diagnosis and the specific involvement of the pancreas make the possibility of an association with SDS likely. Similar to leukemia in SDS, the pancreatic cancer developed in hypoplastic tissues. This observation and the relative genomic stability of the tumor strengthen the hypothesis of improved adaptation of malignant clones among a population of disadvantaged cells as a mechanism for tumor expansion in SDS.
Alteration in Starch Microsphere Degradation Following Contrast Angiography in the Dog Kidney (1984)

Six adult mongrel dogs received bilateral sequential renal arterial injections of degradable starch microspheres following preadministration arteriograms. Renal arterial flow was measured using electromagnetic flow probes, and microspheres were administered until flow was blocked completely. One kidney in each dog was subjected to immediate postembolization arteriography, while the contralateral kidney served as a control. In the control kidneys, arterial flow returned to 90-95% of baseline within 30 minutes of embolization, and angiography at this time revealed a normal nephrogram. Blood flow in the kidneys that received postembolization arteriography returned to only 60-65% of baseline, even when followed up to 1 hour. Angiography at this time revealed persistent defects in the nephrogram. The effect of heparin, Renografin-60, and distilled deionized water on amylase activity was evaluated in vitro. No change in enzyme activity was noted.
Effects of neutron irradiation of ultra-thin HfO2 films (2014)

Neutron irradiation at low fluence decreases the Pb-type and E′ defect levels in ultra-thin hafnium dioxide films because electrons can fill existing states. These electrons come from electron-hole pairs generated by neutron interactions with silicon and oxygen. Thus, a low fluence of neutrons “anneals” the sample. However, when neutron fluence increases, more neutrons collide with oxygen atoms and cause them to leave the lattice or to transmute into different atoms. This causes the E′ states to increase. As defect-state concentrations increase, leakage currents increase, but since the E′ is much lower than the Pb concentration, this is not a dominant factor.
Environmental resource deficit may drive the evolution of intraspecific trait variation in invasive plant populations (2018)

Intraspecific trait variation within natural populations (i.e. intra‐population trait variation, IPTV) is the basic source for selection and can have significant ecological consequences. Higher IPTV may increase a population's niche breath and benefit interspecies competition under a resource‐limited environment, thus affecting the ability of a species to move into novel habitats. However, the reciprocal influences of variation in environmental conditions and phenotypic trait expression in spreading plant populations are not clearly defined. We propose that during invasion, IPTV and its relative change in response to key resource enrichment may increase with the resource deficit of invaded sites, and that this relationship may facilitate plant invasions into resource‐limited environments. We analyzed the invasion trend, IPTV and its response to water enrichment, and moisture variability among populations of an annual grass Brachypodium hybridum in California, United States. We incorporated a genotyping‐by‐sequencing approach, a common garden experiment that had two water level treatments, and public plant and climate databases. Our hypothesis was supported by the observation that for populations that invaded sites with higher spring moisture deficit, both their seed biomass IPTV (for the water‐enriched treatment only) and relative change of the IPTV across water treatments were larger when examined in the common garden experiment. A generally north to south spreading direction was found in these B. hybridum populations, towards a drier and warmer climate exhibiting higher moisture deficit for plant growth. Our results suggest a role for interactions between IPTV (rather than trait means) and environmental resource availability in promoting plant invasions, providing new insights into the significance of IPTV in shaping plant geographic distributions.
N2 Product Internal-State Distributions for the Steady-State Reactions of NO with H2 and NH3 on the Pt(100) Surface (2001)

The steady-state reaction of NO with H2 and NH3 on Pt(100) is investigated over a temperature range of 340−570 K, and the rotational and vibrational states of the N2 product are probed by resonance enhanced multiphoton ionization. For NO + NH3 the N2 reaction product leaves the surface rotationally and vibrationally excited, whereas for NO + H2 the desorbing N2 is rotationally equilibrated with the surface and no vibrational excitation can be detected. We conclude that although these two surface reactions both yield N2, the actual reaction mechanisms must be different.
Photonic Data Recording Systems (1989)

Steady advancement has been made in bringing photonic recorder technologies from a pure research and development stage to the practical laboratory and fielding environment. Streak camera-based systems have been incorporated into large data recording systems and have shown significant improvement in channel density and single-shot bandwidth. In particular, remote photonic sensing using fiber optic cables to transmit the information to the recorder has shown advantages over conventional coax cable methods. One streak camera-based recorder system has been designed into the underground test (UGT) data acquisition system. The design allowed for video rate readout, redundant digitized image storage, UGT system compatibility, and full real time system diagnostics. Another stand-alone streak camera-based recorder has been designed that incorporates an IEEE-488 interface and a unique software package. Operation of this photonic recorder system (PRS-1000), as either a streak imaging recorder or as a high-speed multi-channel data recorder (HSMCDR), has been greatly simplified through use of the icon-driven, window-based custom software. An overview of photonic recording methods will be presented along with the details of the PRS-1000 and the associated system software.
Expression of a NK cell-restricted epitope on decidual large granular lymphocytes (1996)

Decidual large granular lymphocytes (DLGL) are the most abundant lymphoid cell type found in the first trimester maternal decidua. The function of DLGL remains controversial, although freshly isolated DLGL have been shown to exert a weak NK activity. We report here the phenotypic characterization of two DLGL subpopulations by immunofluorescence, using mAb against CD56, PEN5 as well as adhesion molecules potentially involved in cell-cell contact between DLGL and trophoblasts. DLGL are CD56bright and express the CD2, CD11a, CD18, CD38 and CD50 molecules, dimly the CD54 molecule, and poorly the CD102 and CD69 molecules. A strong expression of the polysialylated form of N-CAM (or CD56) was also observed on the surface of DLGL. Finally, 40% of CD56bright DLGL cells express the PEN5 epitope, which is selectively expressed on CD56dim cells NK in the peripheral blood. No other phenotypic difference was detected between the CD56brightPEN5+ and the CD56brightPEN5- DLGL populations. Our results show that DLGL are heterogeneous and suggest that the CD56brightPEN5+ DLGL subset belongs to the classical NK cell lineage.
EXPERIENCES WITH LEFLUNOMIDE IN SOLID ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION (2002)

Leflunomide seems to possess substantial immune suppressive potency in renal and liver transplant recipients and may be safely dosed for more than 300 days. The data suggest that calcineurin phosphatase inhibitors and prednisone can be safely reduced in patients with serum levels of active drug above 50 microg/mL. Because of a wide inter-patient range of active metabolite terminal half-life (>300%), monitoring of serum levels would seem to be an important part of its evaluation.
The reference model of the impact of cavitation erosion on materials (2009)

This investigation is devoted to the problems concerning the reliability of units subjected to an erosion attack of heterogeneous liquid mediums containing gas vapor and denser fine-dispersed substances. The results of the simulation of an ambient dynamic action on solid barrier surfaces, and the response of the materials with heterogeneous structures and protecting covers to repeated external pulse attacks with different intensities are presented. The structural-energetic model of the materials’ cavitation and erosion wear is given. The physical-mechanical criteria and time wearing parameters are also presented.
A 7.5Gb/s 10-Tap DFE Receiver with First Tap Partial Response, Spectrally Gated Adaptation, and 2nd-Order Data-Filtered CDR (2007)

A 7.5Gb/s receiver has a 3-level DFE architecture to satisfy feedback timing requirements for 10 post-cursor taps. The receiver includes a second-order CDR with partial-response transition data filtering as well as a spectrally gated adaptation engine to prevent equalization updates during poor data patterns. The receiver consumes 136mW in a 90nm CMOS process
Time Reversal for 6G Spatiotemporal Focusing: Recent Experiments, Opportunities, and Challenges (2022)

Late visions and trends for the future sixth Generation (6G) of wireless communications advocate, among other technologies, towards the deployment of network nodes with extreme numbers of antennas and up to terahertz frequencies, as means to enable various immersive applications. However, these technologies impose several challenges in the design of radio-frequency front-ends and beamforming architectures, as well as of ultra-wideband waveforms and computationally efficient transceiver signal processing. In this article, we revisit the Time Reversal (TR) technique, which was initially experimented in acoustics, in the context of large-bandwidth 6G wireless communications, capitalizing on its high resolution spatiotemporal focusing realized with low complexity transceivers. We first overview representative state-of-the-art in TR-based wireless communications, identifying the key competencies and requirements of TR for efficient operation. Recent and novel experimental setups and results for the spatiotemporal focusing capability of TR at the carrier frequencies $2.5$, $36$, and $273$ GHz are then presented, demonstrating in quantitative ways the technique's effectiveness in these very different frequency bands, as well as the roles of the available bandwidth and the number of transmit antennas. We also showcase the TR potential for realizing low complexity multi-user communications. The opportunities arising from TR-based wireless communications as well as the challenges for finding their place in 6G networks, also in conjunction with other complementary candidate technologies, are highlighted.
Critical role for prokineticin 2 in CNS autoimmunity (2015)

These data suggest that PK2 is a critical immune regulator in CNS autoimmune demyelination and may represent a new target for therapy.
Reprogrammed quiescent B cells provide an effective cellular therapy against chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2011)

Activated B cells can regulate immunity and have been envisaged as a potential cell-based therapy for treating autoimmune diseases. However, activated human B cells can also propagate immune responses, and the effects resulting from their infusion into patients cannot be predicted. This led us to consider resting B cells, which in contrast are poorly immunogenic, as an alternative cellular platform for the suppression of unwanted immunity. Here, we report that resting B cells can be directly engineered with lentiviral vectors to express antigens in a remarkably simple, rapid, and effective way. Notably, this neither required nor induced activation of the B cells. With this approach we were able to produce reprogrammed resting B cells that inhibited antigen-specific CD4(+) T cells, CD8(+) T cells, and B cells upon adoptive transfer in mice. Furthermore, resting B cells engineered to ectopically express myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antigen protected recipient mice from severe disability and demyelination in EAE, and even induced complete remission from disease in mice lacking functional natural Tregs, which otherwise developed chronic paralysis. In conclusion, our study introduces reprogrammed quiescent B cells as a novel tool for suppressing undesirable immunity.
Sulfur-bridged iron-polyphthalocyanine on CuxO/copper foam: efficient and durable electrocatalyst for overall water splitting (2021)

Sulfur-bridged iron polyphthalocyanine (FeSPPc) is grown in situ on Cu x O-coated Cu foam and then shown to serve as an efficient non-noble electrocatalyst for alkaline overall water splitting to produce green hydrogen.
Modulation of P2X3 and P2X2/3 Receptors by Monoclonal Antibodies (2016)

Purinergic homomeric P2X3 and heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors are ligand-gated cation channels activated by ATP. Both receptors are predominantly expressed in nociceptive sensory neurons, and an increase in extracellular ATP concentration under pathological conditions, such as tissue damage or visceral distension, induces channel opening, membrane depolarization, and initiation of pain signaling. Hence, these receptors are considered important therapeutic targets for pain management, and development of selective antagonists is currently progressing. To advance the search for novel analgesics, we have generated a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against human P2X3 (hP2X3). We have found that these antibodies produce distinct functional effects, depending on the homomeric or heteromeric composition of the target, its kinetic state, and the duration of antibody exposure. The most potent antibody, 12D4, showed an estimated IC50 of 16 nm on hP2X3 after short term exposure (up to 18 min), binding to the inactivated state of the channel to inhibit activity. By contrast, with the same short term application, 12D4 potentiated the slow inactivating current mediated by the heteromeric hP2X2/3 channel. Extending the duration of exposure to ∼20 h resulted in a profound inhibition of both homomeric hP2X3 and heteromeric hP2X2/3 receptors, an effect mediated by efficient antibody-induced internalization of the channel from the plasma membrane. The therapeutic potential of mAb12D4 was assessed in the formalin, complete Freund's adjuvant, and visceral pain models. The efficacy of 12D4 in the visceral hypersensitivity model indicates that antibodies against P2X3 may have therapeutic potential in visceral pain indications.
Laccase Affects the Rate of Cryptococcus neoformans Nonlytic Exocytosis from Macrophages (2020)

Nonlytic exocytosis is a process in which previously ingested microbes are expelled from host phagocytes with the concomitant survival of both cell types. This process has been observed in the interaction of <i>Cryptococcus</i> spp. and other fungal cells with phagocytes as distant as mammalian, bird, and fish macrophages and ameboid predators. Despite a great amount of research dedicated to unraveling this process, there are still many questions about its regulation and its final benefits for host or fungal cells. During a study to characterize the virulence attributes of Brazilian clinical isolates of <i>C. neoformans</i>, we observed great variability in their rates of nonlytic exocytosis and noted a correlation between this process and fungal melanin production/laccase activity. Flow cytometry experiments using melanized cells, nonmelanized cells, and <i>lac1</i>Δ mutants revealed that laccase has a role in the process of nonlytic exocytosis that seems to be independent of melanin production. These results identify a role for laccase in virulence, independent of its role in pigment production, that represents a new variable in the regulation of nonlytic exocytosis.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> is a yeast that causes severe disease, primarily in immunosuppressed people. It has many attributes that allow it to survive and cause disease, such as a polysaccharide capsule and the dark pigment melanin produced by the laccase enzyme. Upon infection, the yeast is ingested by cells called macrophages, whose function is to kill them. Instead, these fungal cells can exit from macrophages in a process called nonlytic exocytosis. We know that this process is controlled by both host and fungal factors, only some of which are known. As part of an ongoing study, we observed that <i>C. neoformans</i> isolates that produce melanin faster are more-frequent targets of nonlytic exocytosis. Further experiments showed that this is probably due to higher production of laccase, because fungi lacking this enzyme are nonlytically exocytosed less often. This shows that laccase is an important signal/regulator of nonlytic exocytosis of <i>C. neoformans</i> from macrophages.
Non-Isothermal Creep Behavior of a Second Generation Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy: Experimental Characterization and Modeling (2008)

In order to simulate emergency regimes possibly encountered by turboshaft engines for helicopter, non-isothermal creep behavior of the second generation single crystal Ni-Based superalloy MC2 was investigated. These tests were performed with one short overheating at 1200C during the isothermal creep life of the material at 1050C. Overheatings were carried out using a burner rig designed to achieve temperature jumps as fast as 60C/s in the range 1050C-1200C. Both the overheating duration and its position during the isothermal creep life at 1050C of the material have a great effect on the non-isothermal creep behavior. The modifications in creep behavior were clearly linked with microstructural evolutions occurring during temperature changes, e.g: the dissolution of the ' phase on heating the material and the dislocation recovery processes.