gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lymphovascular Infiltration, Not Depth of Invasion, is the Critical Risk Factor of Metastases in Early Colorectal Cancer (2020)

Objective: To identify clinical and histopathological risk factors of LNM in T1 CRC. Summary of Background Data: The requisite of additional surgery after locally resected T1 CRC is dependent on the risk of LNM. Depth of submucosal invasion is used as a key predictor of lymphatic metastases although data are conflicting on its actual impact. Methods: Retrospective population-based cohort study on prospectively collected data on all patients with T1 CRC undergoing surgical resection in Sweden, 2009–2017 and Denmark 2016–2018. The Danish cohort was used for validation. Potential risk factors of LNM investigated were; age, sex, tumor location, submucosal invasion, grade of differentiation, mucinous subtype, lymphovascular, and perineural invasion. Results: One hundred fifty out of the 1439 included patients (10%) had LNM. LVI ( P &lt; 0.001), perineural invasion ( P &lt; 0.001), mucinous subtype ( P = 0.006), and age &lt;60 years ( P &lt; 0.001) were identified as independent risk factors whereas deep submucosal invasion was only a dependent ( P = 0.025) risk factor and not significant in multivariate analysis ( P = 0.075). The incidence of LNM was 51/882 (6%) in absence of the independent risk factors. The Danish validation cohort, confirmed our findings regarding the role of submucosal invasion, LVI, and age. Conclusions: This is a large study on LNM in T1 CRC, including validation, showing that LVI and perineural invasion, mucinous subtype, and low age constitute independent risk factors, whereas depth of submucosal invasion is not an independent risk factor of LNM. Thus, our findings provide a useful basis for management of patients after local excision of early CRC.
Impaired osteoblastic differentiation, reduced bone formation, and severe osteoporosis in noggin-overexpressing mice (2003)

onic lethality BMP-2 and BMP-4 have several other functions, including hair follicle growth, neuronal differentiation, cardiomyogenesis, thymocyte differentiation, and fusion of cranial sutures (5-9). All these effects are inhibited by the 60-kDa homodimeric protein called noggin (10), as well as by other molecules, including chordin, gremlin, cerberus, and DAN (11). None of these inhibitors except noggin and chordin are expressed in bone cells of any lineage. Noggin binds with equal avidity to BMP-2 and BMP-4 and competitively inhibits their interaction with the BMP receptor type 1A, ALK-3 (12, 13). In the embryo, noggin is expressed in the dorsal embryonic region where it regulates neural development (6); deletion of noggin thus results in postnatal mortality (14).
High‐Temperature Stable, Iron‐Based Core–Shell Catalysts for Ammonia Decomposition (2010)

High-temperature, stable core-shell catalysts for ammonia decomposition have been synthesized. The highly active catalysts, which were found to be also excellent model systems for fundamental studies, are based on α-Fe(2)O(3) nanoparticles coated by porous silica shells. In a bottom-up approach, hematite nanoparticles were firstly obtained from the hydrothermal reaction of ferric chlorides, L-lysine, and water with adjustable average sizes of 35, 47, and 75 nm. Secondly, particles of each size could be coated by a porous silica shell by means of the base-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) with cetyltetramethylammonium bromide (CTABr) as porogen. After calcination, TEM, high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), XRD, and nitrogen sorption studies confirmed the successful encapsulation of hematite nanoparticles inside porous silica shells with a thickness of 20 nm, thereby leading to composites with surface areas of approximately 380 m(2) g(-1) and iron contents between 10.5 and 12.2 wt %. The obtained catalysts were tested in ammonia decomposition. The influence of temperature, iron oxide core size, possible diffusion limitations, and dilution effects of the reagent gas stream with noble gases were studied. The catalysts are highly stable at 750 °C with a space velocity of 120,000 cm(3) g(cat)(-1) h(-1) and maintained conversions of around 80 % for the testing period time of 33 h. On the basis of the excellent stability under reaction conditions up to 800 °C, the system was investigated by in situ XRD, in which body-centered iron was determined, in addition to FeN(x), as the crystalline phase under reaction conditions above 650 °C.
123 I Radiolabeling of Monoclonal Antibodies for In Vivo Procedures (1986)

When labeled to monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) or their fragments, 123I can be used for imaging or for predicting the treatment potential and radiation dosimetry of 131I labeled to the same molecular species. Because 123I (p,5n) from the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory is in dilute solution, when compared with commercial 125I of labeling grade, we have evaluated labeling parameters using Chloramine-T as the oxidant and derived an optimum set of labeling conditions that provide a 60-80% radiochemical yield of highly immunoreactive antibody. When Lym-1, an IgG-2a murine antibody against human lymphoma, was used, yields of labeled immunoglobulin were decreased by protein or Chloramine-T concentrations less than 0.4 microgram/microliter and 0.8 microgram/microliter, respectively; denaturation of the immunoglobulin occurred when the Chloramine-T concentration was greater than 1.0 microgram/microliter. Optimum labeling occurred at pH 7-8 with deleterious effects when the pH was below 5 or above 10. An optimum method for labeling antibodies with multimillicurie amounts of 123I (less than one iodine atom per 100 antibody molecules) is described. Some of the observations derived from this study are also applicable to the preparation of treatment doses of 131I-labeled antibodies, wherein the amount of antibody can be a restrictive factor.
An architecture for rapid decoding of large vocabulary conversational speech (2003)

This paper addresses the question of how to design a large vocabulary recognition system so that it can simultaneously handle a sophisticated language model, perform state-ofthe-art speaker adaptation, and run in one times real time1 (1 RT). The architecture we propose is based on classical HMM Viterbi decoding, but uses an extremely fast initial speaker-independent decoding to estimate VTL warp factors, feature-space and model-space MLLR transformations that are used in a final speaker-adapted decoding. We present results on past Switchboard evaluation data that indicate that this strategy compares favorably to published unlimited-time systems (running in several hundred times real-time). Coincidentally, this is the system that IBM fielded in the 2003 EARS Rich Transcription evaluation.
Triangle-lattice InGaN/GaN nanocolumn arrays exhibiting photonic crystal effect (Conference Presentation) (2017)

GaN nanocolumns are extensively studied as promising nano-materials for high-performance visible emitters because of their dislocation filtering and strain relaxation effects. The size and position of nanocolumns were precisely controlled using Ti-mask selective-area growth (SAG) by RF-MBE, fabricating uniform arrays of pn-junction InGaN/GaN nanocolumns. The periodic arrangement in the nanocolumn arrays led to nanocolumn photonic crystal (PhC) effect. It is however, necessary to integrate a wave-guiding scheme in the nanocolumn system to activate efficiently the PhCs. In the experiment, triangle-lattice GaN nanocolumn arrays with the lattice constant from 280 to 350 nm were grown, followed by the growth of InGaN/GaN superlattice buffer, MQW, and p-type GaN cladding layers. In the upper region of pn-junction nanocolumns from SL to p-GaN, the nanocolumn diameter increased and introduced the increase in the equivalent refractive index, which acts to confine the optical field there. Thus, the optical mode propagated laterally, interacting with the nanocolumn PhC. The diffraction at the photonic band edge resulted in high-directional beam radiations from the nanocolumn system. The photonic band edge was systematically investigated for various nanocolumn arrays with L=280–250 nm. The experimental photonic band diagram for the triangular-lattice pn-junction InGaN/GaN nanocolumn array exhibited a clear photonic band edge.
Development of an Efficient MRE/MRI Protocol for Multiparametric Assessment of Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys to Diagnose Hepatorenal Syndrome (2023)

An efficient imaging protocol was developed to facilitate diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Multiparametric MRI for quantifying perfusion, diffusion, and blood oxygenation, as well as multiparametric MRE for quantifying viscoelasticity and tissue pressure were optimized in preparation for the pilot study predicting hepatorenal syndrome. Results demonstrate the feasibility of the multiparametric protocol and provide motivation for commencing clinical testing.
The lincRNAHOTAIRM1, located in theHOXAgenomic region, is expressed in acute myeloid leukemia, impacts prognosis in patients in the intermediate-risk cytogenetic category, and is associated with a distinctive microRNA signature (2015)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are deregulated in several tumors, although their role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is mostly unknown.We have examined the expression of the lncRNA HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1) in 241 AML patients. We have correlated HOTAIRM1 expression with a miRNA expression profile. We have also analyzed the prognostic value of HOTAIRM1 expression in 215 intermediate-risk AML (IR-AML) patients.The lowest expression level was observed in acute promyelocytic leukemia (P < 0.001) and the highest in t(6;9) AML (P = 0.005). In 215 IR-AML patients, high HOTAIRM1 expression was independently associated with shorter overall survival (OR:2.04;P = 0.001), shorter leukemia-free survival (OR:2.56; P < 0.001) and a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (OR:1.67; P = 0.046). Moreover, HOTAIRM1 maintained its independent prognostic value within the favorable molecular subgroup (OR: 3.43; P = 0.009). Interestingly, HOTAIRM1 was overexpressed in NPM1-mutated AML (P < 0.001) and within this group retained its prognostic value (OR: 2.21; P = 0.01). Moreover, HOTAIRM1 expression was associated with a specific 33-microRNA signature that included miR-196b (P < 0.001). miR-196b is located in the HOX genomic region and has previously been reported to have an independent prognostic value in AML. miR-196b and HOTAIRM1 in combination as a prognostic factor can classify patients as high-, intermediate-, or low-risk (5-year OS: 24% vs 42% vs 70%; P = 0.004).Determination of HOTAIRM1 level at diagnosis provided relevant prognostic information in IR-AML and allowed refinement of risk stratification based on common molecular markers. The prognostic information provided by HOTAIRM1 was strengthened when combined with miR-196b expression. Furthermore, HOTAIRM1 correlated with a 33-miRNA signature.
A MICROMACHINED CHEMICAL SENSOR FOR SEA FLOOR ENVIRONMENTS: INITIAL RESULTS (2012)

This paper reports a micromachined chemical sensor intended for harsh environments such as those near hydrothermal vents at the sea floor. The sensor is intended to measure the pH, dissolved H 2 and H 2 S, and temperature. The device is 12 mm in diameter and 6 mm in effective length, including packaging.
Application of high-intensity sub-MMW to the signal enhancement of nuclear magnetic resonance for biological solids (2009)

Instrumentation for high-field dynamic-nuclear polarization (DNP) was developed to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance of biological solids at high magnetic fields. A newly designed gyrotron generated 394.5-GHz submillimeter wave with 40 W at the second harmonics operation. The DNP at 14.1 T was confirmed by the field dependence of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> C-NMR signal amplitudes of samples at 100 K.
Immunohistochemical evidence of a reduced vasodilatory capacity in vertebrobasilar arteries in pre‐hypertensive spontaneous hypertensive rats (1183.9) (2014)

Our earlier work has shown that vertebrobasilar artery remodelling causing high vascular resistance occurs in SHR prior to the development of hypertension. We hypothesise that a component of this remodelling results from reduced capacity of the vasodilatory parasympathetic innervation and that this contributes to the etiology of neurogenic hypertension via Cushing’s mechanism. Whole mounts of brainstem ventral brain vessels from hypertensive SHR (&lt;12weeks), PH‐SHR (P28‐35) and age‐matched Wistars were immunostained for dopamine‐β hydroxylase (DBH), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP); the latter is co‐expressed in parasympathetic fibres. We found an age dependent reduction in the parasympathetic (~60‐85%) and sympathetic (10‐40%) innervation density of vertebrobasilar arteries in SHRs compared to Wistar rats (p&lt;0.001). VAChT positive fibre densities were ~30‐50% lower than VIP‐ in all rat groups. In conclusion, SHRs have fewer parasympathetic fibres innervating the vertebrobasilar arteries than Wistars. Given the higher prevalence of both VAChT and VIP in Wistar rats, we speculate that the vasodilatory capacity of these cerebral vessels in SHR will be compromised. Grant Funding Source : Supported by BHF, NIH
Comparison of images on the basis of structural features (1991)

When studying the structural features of images composed of a finite set of concrete objects one often faces the necessity to extract and analyse the information concerning their mutual position. A similar task must be tackled in pattern recognition using spatial features, i.e. in the cases of congruent images with coinciding component location even those images are different. An example of an input image compared might be one group of A's and one group of B's which shall be considered congruent only if the respective location of the letters are identical. In cases like that the direct measurement and the comparison of the obtained results appear to be complicated because, with different objects, it's hard to conclusive determine zero points (bench-marks). Holographic correlator would also be of little use even though the objects are similar since the contribution of decisive features to correlation response is too small compared to other features. The present paper is a systematic approach to the solution of the task: analysts and comparison of the images on the bases of structural features.
Supplementary Table 4 from Cross-Species Functional Analysis of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Identifies a Critical Role for CLCF1 and IL-6 in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 53K, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for human-mouse orthologues&lt;/p&gt;
Direct Ammonia Borane Alkaline Fuel Cell With In-Situ Electrolyte Replacement (2008)

An alkaline fuel cell power supply using ammonia borane as fuel was investigated. Ammonia borane was found to have a high energy density when compared to other common fuels, making it an ideal fuel for portable fuel cell technology. Performance of a 10-cell AFC stack operating on ammonia borane was demonstrated with a power density of 315 mW/cm2 achieved at ambient pressure and near ambient temperature. Operating lifetime and fuel utilization were also explored.
Can Randall’s plug composed of calcium oxalate form via the free particle mechanism? (2017)

The free particle mechanism may be responsible for the formation of a Randall's plug composed by COM only in specific infrequent cases such as an abnormal structure of kidney. Majority of incidences of Randall's plug development by COM are caused by mechanism different from the free particle mechanism.
Rational Approximation of Noisy Frequency Responses (2007)

Abstract. Vector Fitting is a robust technique for transfer function synthesis in the frequency domain. This method combines the use of a Sanathanan-Koerner iteration and a well-chosen partial fraction basis. It is known that its convergence properties become impaired if the data is contaminated with noise, which results in poor fitting models. In this paper, an alternative approach is presented, and its performance is compared to the classical formulation. 1.
CD20 Expression as a Possible Novel Prognostic Marker in CLL: Application of EuroFlow Standardization Technique and Normalization Procedures in Flow Cytometric Expression Analysis (2022)

Standardized staining and instrument monitoring enable a robust assessment of longitudinal biological variations of marker expression based on MFI values. Obinutuzumab showed a higher proportion of patients with a strong MRD response independent from initial CD20 expression, whereas high pre-therapeutic CD20 expression levels seem to correlate with a profound response to Ofatumumab.
Rigid bifunctional chelating agents (2023)

Bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3 diamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acids (BODTA) and bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,3 diamine-N,N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (BHDTA) are chelating agents useful in forming detectably labeled bioconjugate compounds for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. New compounds and processes of forming BODTA and BHDTA are disclosed. Radioimmunoconjugates of the present invention show high and prolonged tumor uptake with low normal tissue uptakes.
Effect of defect length on rolling contact fatigue crack propagation in high strength steel (2015)

The objective of the present paper is to clarify the effect of defect length in depth direction on rolling contact fatigue (RCF) crack propagation in high strength steel. RCF test and synchrotron radiation micro computed tomography (SR micro CT) imaging were conducted. In the case of the defect with the 15 ?m diameter, flaking life decreased with increasing defect length. In a comparison of the CT image and the SEM view, the shapes of defects and the locations of the horizontal cracks were almost the same respectively. The mechanism of RCF crack propagation was discussed by finite element (FE) analysis. Defects led to higher tensile residual stress than that without defects in the region where the defect exists. The shear stress range at 0.1 mm in depth on the middle line of the defect and the range of mode II stress intensity factor at the bottom of a vertical crack increased with increasing defect length.
Selection of a Relevant In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier Model to Investigate Pro-Metastatic Features of Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines (2016)

Around 7-17% of metastatic breast cancer patients will develop brain metastases, associated with a poor prognosis. To reach the brain parenchyma, cancer cells need to cross the highly restrictive endothelium of the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). As treatments for brain metastases are mostly inefficient, preventing cancer cells to reach the brain could provide a relevant and important strategy. For that purpose an in vitro approach is required to identify cellular and molecular interaction mechanisms between breast cancer cells and BBB endothelium, notably at the early steps of the interaction. However, while numerous studies are performed with in vitro models, the heterogeneity and the quality of BBB models used is a limitation to the extrapolation of the obtained results to in vivo context, showing that the choice of a model that fulfills the biological BBB characteristics is essential. Therefore, we compared pre-established and currently used in vitro models from different origins (bovine, mice, human) in order to define the most appropriate tool to study interactions between breast cancer cells and the BBB. On each model, the BBB properties and the adhesion capacities of breast cancer cell lines were evaluated. As endothelial cells represent the physical restriction site of the BBB, all the models consisted of endothelial cells from animal or human origins. Among these models, only the in vitro BBB model derived from human stem cells both displayed BBB properties and allowed measurement of meaningful different interaction capacities of the cancer cell lines. Importantly, the measured adhesion and transmigration were found to be in accordance with the cancer cell lines molecular subtypes. In addition, at a molecular level, the inhibition of ganglioside biosynthesis highlights the potential role of glycosylation in breast cancer cells adhesion capacities.
Mesenchymal stem cells respond to TNF but do not produce TNF (2009)

Previously, we demonstrated that several TLRs are expressed on cord blood-derived USSC. Stimulation of USSC with TLR agonists resulted in a marked increase of IL-6 and IL-8 production. Interestingly, TNF was undetectable after TLR stimulation, which appeared to be a result of an inactivated TNF promoter in USSC. Here, we elaborate this study by demonstrating that although USSC do not produce TNF, they are susceptible to TNF stimulation, resulting in NF-kappaB translocation and cytokine production. Additionally, we compared different stem cell sources for their ability to produce TNF. Interestingly, we found that the TNF promoter in BM-MSC is inactivated as well. Like USSC, they are able to respond to TNF stimulation, but they are not able to produce TNF, even not after LPS stimulation. This limited cytokine response in combination with the well-studied immunosuppressive properties of MSC makes these cells ideal for immune-suppressive treatment modalities such as graft-versus-host disease.
Photochemistry of Triarylmethane Dye Leuconitriles (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Formation of color Other reactions Conclusions
Comparative Analyses of Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) − PEF − and Poly(ethylene terephthalate) − PET − Resins and Production Processes (2018)

The increasing interest in environment friendly products and processes has encouraged studies on the production of polymers from renewable sources. In this context, poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) − PEF − is regarded as a potential alternative for poly(ethylene terephthalate) − PET − resins. However, despite the increasing number of studies on PEF synthesis and characterization, there is still room for comparisons between processes used to produce PEF and PET and between some characteristics of the produced resins. For this reason, in the present work PEF was produced through direct esterification and through transesterification, whilst PET was synthesized through transesterification, to allow comparative analyses of the respective process performances. Results indicate that PEF can be produced at milder and simpler operation conditions, although PEF processing is much more difficult, since PEF is less stable to heat, melts at lower temperatures, is more crystalline and is much more rigid than PET, indicating that appropriate modification of PEF resins is needed for the effective replacement of PET in real industrial applications.
Iron Nanocubes: Gas Phase Synthesis of Multifunctional Fe‐Based Nanocubes (Adv. Funct. Mater. 11/2017) (2017)

In article number 1605328 Mukhles Sowwan and co-workers synthesize multi-functional hybrid Fe nanocubes via a flexible gas phase method providing morphological control during formation. This approach enabled tailoring the magneto-plasmonic properties of Fe nanocubes by Au doping and realizing Fe-based gas sensors with remarkable performance for NO2 detection down to concentrations as low as 3 ppb.