gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extendibility of x-ray lithography to ⩽130 nm ground rules in complex integrated circuit patterns (1996)

Previous experimental and theoretical evidence indicates that x-ray lithography can be used to pattern ≤180 nm features. In order to be used in manufacturing, x-ray lithography of complex integrated circuit patterns (i.e., dense two-dimensional patterns) needs to be demonstrated with a practical proximity gap. However, no large body of experimental evidence exists for the extendibility of x-ray lithography for complex patterns with ground rules of ≤130 nm at gaps of 10–20 μm. Simulations of image formation and resist dissolution are shown to have good agreement with experimental results. These simulations are then used to predict exposure latitude and gap latitude for printing one-dimensional 75–125 nm patterns at 10–15 μm gaps. Simulations indicate that at least ±10% exposure dose latitude will exist for simple patterns at these gaps, but significant nested-to-isolated linewidth bias will exist. Gaps must be controlled to ±1 μm for ±10% dose latitude. More complex two-dimensional patterns have been shown to exhibit line end shortening [J. Maldonado, R. Dellaguardia, S. Hector, M. McCord, and L. Liebmann, J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B 13, 3094 (1995)] that simulations qualitatively indicate a rise in part due to image formation. Simple serifs on line ends may be needed to reduce line end shortening.
Au-Sn Solid-Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID) bonding for mating surfaces with high roughness (2016)

Au-Sn Solid-Liquid Interdiffusion (SLID) bonding of a standard piezoelectric material (PZT) to tungsten carbide (WC) has been investigated. Both materials have a bare bonding surface with an absolute roughness up to 1.5 μm. Bonded samples were characterized by means of acoustic coupling between the PZT and the WC, through electrical impedance measurements. Furthermore, the electrical impedance measurements were employed as a novel method for non-destructive characterization of voids in bond-lines. The results from the non-destructive impedance measurements were compared with the traditional cross-sectional microscopy to inspect voids in SLID bonds, showing good correspondence. Successful Au-Sn SLID bonding of a PZT to a WC is achieved at a temperature higher than 300 °C and a heating rate as high as 120 °C/minute. The bond-line consists of a layered structure Au / Au-Sn (ζ phase) / Au, in accordance with previous studies. Prior to the cross-sectional microscopy, the difference in the bond-lines is clearly observed by the non-destructive electrical impedance measurements. The present study has demonstrated the feasibility of adopting Au-Sn SLID bonding to samples with a high surface roughness.
Electrochemically mediated multi‐modal detection strategy‐driven sensor platform to detect and quantify pesticides (2021)

Abstract With the emergence of modern agronomy practices and the use of multiple synthetic pesticide agents to keep control over crop and field throughput, there lies a broad requirement for smart, accessible technologies to track pesticide contaminants in food, water, and other environmental matrices. In this work, we report at a proof of feasibility level, a sensor system to perform pesticide detection in aqueous buffers for two pesticides at the opposite ends of polarity (Atrazine and Glyphosate) in a serially combinatorial manner. The sensor construct employs a universal FR‐4 substrate gold interdigitated electrodes with active sensing elements based on selective antibodies (proteins) and polymeric network structures – poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene). Further, to determine metrics of sensor deployment in real‐case scenarios: multi‐modal (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry) and multi‐approach strategies (affinity‐binding and receptor‐free) were used to obtain sensing measurements. Higher specificity repeatable outputs were obtained with the affinity‐based method while greater sensitivity by means of dynamic range (0.5 ng/ml–10 μg/ml for Glyphosate and 10 fg/ml–1 ng/ml for Atrazine) and limit of detection (0.5 ng/ml for Glyphosate and 1 fg/ml for Atrazine) was determined via receptor‐free direct approach for both pesticides. This serves as a first‐step study to perform potential combinatorial assessment and subsequently‐multiplexed analysis of pesticide antigens.
Large Aeff NZ-DSF with dispersion slope of 0.02 ps/nm (2007)

Large Aeff NZ-DSFs with Aeff larger than 65 μm2 and dispersion slope of 0.02 ps/nm2/km were successfully fabricated by utilizing restrict mode excitation method. The pure single mode pulse transmission was experimentally confirmed. (2 pages)
Single Chip Lenses for Ultrasonic Imaging. Effects of Transfer Efficiency on Lens Performance (1978)

Abstract : Several theoretical fundamental limits of single chip lenses using charge coupled device technology have been analyzed at Stanford University. This report concentrates the effects of incomplete transfer on lens performance. It is the conclusion of this report that while transfer efficiency may have a pronounced effect on system performance in other applications for the lens being considered: (1) the attenuation effects of transfer efficiency are deterministic and insignificant, (2) the lateral resolution and sidelobe response are to first order not modified, and (3) for moderate values of charge-transfer inefficiency the spatial shifting of the beamsteering angle is minor. Thus the Cascade Charged Coupled device lens is largely insensitive to the major limitation commonly encountered (transfer inefficiency) in charge coupled device applications today.
Resilient Design of 5G Mobile-Edge Computing Over Intermittent mmWave\n Links (2019)

Two enablers of the 5th Generation (5G) of mobile communication systems are\nthe high data rates achievable with millimeter-wave radio signals and the\ncloudification of the network's mobile edge, made possible also by Multi-access\nEdge Computing (MEC). In 5G networks, user devices may exploit the high\ncapacity of their mobile connection and the computing capabilities of the edge\ncloud to offload computational tasks to MEC servers, which run applications on\ndevices' behalf. This paper investigates new methods to perform power- and\nlatency-constrained offloading. First, aiming to minimize user devices'\ntransmit power, the opportunity to exploit concurrent communication links\nbetween the device and the edge cloud is studied. The optimal number of\nchannels for simultaneous transmission is characterized in a deterministic and\na probabilistic scenario. Subsequently, blocking events that obstruct\nmillimeter-wave channels making them `intermittent' are considered. Resource\noverprovisioning and error-correcting codes against asymmetric block erasures\nare proposed to jointly contrast blocking and exploit multi-link\ncommunications' diversity. The asymmetric block-erasure channel is\ncharacterized by a study of its outage probability. The analysis is performed\nin a framework that yields closed-form expressions. These, together with\ncorroborating numerical results, are intended to provide reference points and\nbounds to optimal performance in practical applications.\n
Effects of an antagonist of neurokinin receptors 1, 2 and 3 on reproductive hormones in male beagle dogs (2010)

SCH 206272-dosed dogs exhibited rapid decreases in reproductive hormones and subsequent testicular pathology. Collectively, these changes in hormone levels suggest that the observed SCH 206272-related reproductive tract findings are the result of alterations in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function. However, a direct effect on the testes cannot be definitively ruled out.
Novel lipid biomarkers for algal resistance to viral infection in the ocean (2022)

Abstract Marine viruses play a key role in regulating phytoplankton populations, greatly affecting the biogeochemical cycling of major nutrients in the ocean. Resistance to viral infection has been reported for various phytoplankton species under laboratory conditions. Nevertheless, the occurrence of resistant cells in natural populations is underexplored due to the lack of sensitive tools to detect these rare phenotypes. Consequently, our current understanding of the ecological importance of resistance and its underlying mechanisms is limited. Here, we sought to discover lipid biomarkers for the resistance of the bloom-forming alga Emiliania huxleyi to its specific virus, E. huxleyi virus (EhV). We identified novel glycosphingolipids (GSLs) that characterize resistant E. huxleyi strains by applying an untargeted lipidomics approach. Further, we detected these lipid biomarkers in E. huxleyi isolates that were recently collected from E. huxleyi blooms and used them to detect resistant cells in the demise phase of an open ocean E. huxleyi bloom. Lastly, we show that the GSL composition of E. huxleyi cultures that recover following infection and gain resistance to the virus resembles that of resistant strains. These findings highlight the metabolic plasticity and co-evolution of the GSL biosynthetic pathway and underscore its central part in this host-virus arms race.
Size Distribution and Anisotropy Effects on the Switching Field Distribution of Co/Pd Multilayered Nanostructure Arrays (2009)

We use ion beam proximity lithography (IBPL) to produce 4 mm times 4 mm arrays of 220-nm dots in perpendicularly oriented Co/Pd multilayered media. A novel technique of overlapping neighbors is used with IBPL to generate samples with controllable size distribution sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> of the nanoarrays. The switching field distribution sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hcr</sub> /H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cr</sub> is measured for each sample before and after irradiation, and a linear relationship is experimentally found between sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Hcr</sub> /H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Cr</sub> and sigma <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">D</sub> . Empirical calculations support our determination that self-demagnetization fields are responsible for a portion of the switching field distribution. Using the zero intercept of the experimental data, we find the inherent anisotropy distribution in the Co/Pd samples is on the order of 10%. We further irradiate the samples with He+ ions to alter the anisotropy and better understand the role of shape anisotropy. As interface anisotropy is reduced in the Co/Pd bit-patterned medium (BPM) samples, shape anisotropy has a much greater contribution on the switching field distribution of the BPM samples.
Nanocomposite Hydrogels as Functional Extracellular Matrices (2023)

Over recent years, nano-engineered materials have become an important component of artificial extracellular matrices. On one hand, these materials enable static enhancement of the bulk properties of cell scaffolds, for instance, they can alter mechanical properties or electrical conductivity, in order to better mimic the in vivo cell environment. Yet, many nanomaterials also exhibit dynamic, remotely tunable optical, electrical, magnetic, or acoustic properties, and therefore, can be used to non-invasively deliver localized, dynamic stimuli to cells cultured in artificial ECMs in three dimensions. Vice versa, the same, functional nanomaterials, can also report changing environmental conditions-whether or not, as a result of a dynamically applied stimulus-and as such provide means for wireless, long-term monitoring of the cell status inside the culture. In this review article, we present an overview of the technological advances regarding the incorporation of functional nanomaterials in artificial extracellular matrices, highlighting both passive and dynamically tunable nano-engineered components.
WATER AND SALT ABSORPTION IN THE HUMAN COLON*† (1962)

Most knowledge about absorptive colonic func- tion in man is derived from the study of patients with ileostomies (1, 2) and the comparison of results with the composition of stools of normal subjects. To obtain more direct and quantitative information concerning water and salt absorption from the intact and healthy human colon, the fol- lowing studies were performed.
Probing Molecular Dynamics with Non-linear Optical Techniques (2011)

Thesis (Ph.D, Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy) -- Queen's University, 2011-08-31 14:55:11.636
Ion Association in [bmim][PF6]/Naphthalene Mixtures: An Experimental and Computational Study (2008)

Mixtures of room temperature ionic liquids (IL) with neutral organic molecules provide a valuable testing ground to investigate the interplay of the ionic and molecular-dipolar state in dense Coulomb systems at near ambient conditions. In the present study, the viscosity eta and the ionic conductivity sigma of 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6])/naphthalene mixtures at T = 80 degrees C have been measured at 10 stoichiometries spanning the composition range from pure naphthalene to pure [bmim][PF6]. The viscosity grows nearly monotonically with increasing IL mole fraction ( x), whereas the conductivity per ion displays a clear peak at x approximately 15%. The origin of this maximum has been investigated using molecular dynamics simulations based on a classical force field. Snapshots of the simulated samples show that the conductivity maximum is due to the gradual transition in the IL component from an ionic state at high x to a dipolar fluid made of neutral ion pairs at low x. At concentrations x < 0.20 the ion pairs condense into molecular-thin filaments bound by dipolar forces and extending in between nanometric droplets of IL. These results are confirmed and complemented by the computation of dynamic and transport properties in [bmim][PF6]/naphthalene mixtures at low IL concentration.
1.8 Å bright-state structure of the reversibly switchable fluorescent protein Dronpa guides the generation of fast switching variants (2007)

RSFPs (reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins) may be repeatedly converted between a fluorescent and a non-fluorescent state by irradiation and have attracted widespread interest for many new applications. The RSFP Dronpa may be switched with blue light from a fluorescent state into a non-fluorescent state, and back again with UV light. To obtain insight into the underlying molecular mechanism of this switching, we have determined the crystal structure of the fluorescent equilibrium state of Dronpa. Its bicyclic chromophore is formed spontaneously from the Cys62-Tyr63-Gly64 tripeptide. In the fluorescent state, it adopts a slightly non-coplanar cis conformation within the interior of a typical GFP (green fluorescent protein) b-can fold. Dronpa shares some structural features with asFP595, another RSFP whose chromophore has previously been demonstrated to undergo a cis-trans isomerization upon photoswitching. Based on the structural comparison with asFP595, we have generated new Dronpa variants with an up to more than 1000-fold accelerated switching behaviour. The mutations which were introduced at position Val157 or Met159 apparently reduce the steric hindrance for a cis-trans isomerization of the chromophore, thus lowering the energy barrier for the blue light-driven on-to-off transition. The findings reported in the present study support the view that a cis-trans isomerization is one of the key events common to the switching mechanism in RSFPs.
Ethyl 2(R)-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-pyridyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoate. A new selective postemergent herbicide (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEthyl 2(R)-[4-[[3-chloro-5-(difluoromethoxy)-2-pyridyl]oxy]phenoxy]propanoate. A new selective postemergent herbicideKlaus Bauer, Hermann Bieringer, Erwin Hacker, Volker Koch, and Lothar WillmsCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1990, 38, 4, 1071–1073Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00094a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00094a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views76Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Reactions of Optically Pure Menthyloxymethylphenylphosphine-Borane with Organolithium Reagents (1990)

Abstract The reactions of (Rp)-menthyloxymethyl-phenylphosphine-borane with several organolithium reagents are described. Less sterically hindered reagents such as m-anisyllithium and p-anisyllithium react with the phosphine-borane to afford the corresponding substitution products with high stereochemical integrity with inversion of configuration. On the other hand, o-substituted phenyllithiums lead to products possessing very low optical purities.
Particle – Wafer Interactions in Semiaqueous Silicon Cleaning Systems (2009)

Interfacial interaction forces between particulate contaminants and semiconductor wafer surfaces play a key role in the understanding of post-CMP and post-lapping cleaning processes. In order to facilitate removal and prevent re-deposition of submicron particles on wafer surface, understanding, measurement, and manipulation of these forces is required. The theory of interaction forces in liquids that includes DLVO forces (van der Waals, electrical double layer) and non-DLVO (solvation, hydration, hydrophobic, steric and bridging forces) is well established and is studied elsewhere.1-4 Short range interaction forces between silica surfaces in alcohols have been successfully measured before using AFM.5-7
Modification and restriction of T-even bacteriophages. In vitro degradation of deoxyribonucleic acid containing 5-hydroxymethylctosine. (1976)

Using the single-stranded circular DNA of bacteriophage fd as template, double-stranded circular DNA has been prepared in vitro with either 5-hydroxymethylcytosine ([hmdC]DNA) or cytosine ([dC]DNA) in the product strand. Extracts prepared from Escherichia coli cells restrictive to T-even phage containing nonglucosylated DNA degrade [hmdC]DNA to acid-soluble material in vitro, but do not degrade [dC]dna. In contrast, extracts prepared from E. coli K12 rglA- rglB-, a strain permissive to T-even phage containing nonglucosylated DNA, do not degrade [hmdC]DNA or [dC]DNA. In addition, glucosylation of the [hmdC]DNA renders it resistant to degradation by extracts from restrictive strains. The conversion of [hmdC]DNA to acid-soluble material in vitro consists of an HmCyt-specific endonucleolytic cleavage requiring the presence of the RglB gene product to form a linear molecule, followed by a non-HmCyt-specific hydrolysis of the linear DNA to acid-soluble fragments, catalyzed in part by exonuclease V. The RglB protein present in extracts of E. coli K12 rglA- rglB+ has been purified 200-fold by complementation with extracts from E. coli K12 rglA- rglB-. The purified RglB protein does not contain detectable HmCyt-specific endonuclease or exonuclease activity. In vitro endonucleolytic cleavage of [hmdC]DNA thus requires additional factors present in cell extracts.
New luminescent ruthenium complexes with extended π systems (1999)

G. Albano, P. Belser, L. De Cola and M. T. Gandolfi, Chem. Commun., 1999, 1171 DOI: 10.1039/A900911F
BLOOD LOSS AND THE NEED FOR TRANSFUSION IN PATIENTS WHO UNDERGO PARTIAL OR RADICAL NEPHRECTOMY FOR RENAL CELL CARCINOMA (2000)

Radical or partial nephrectomy for localized renal cell carcinoma leads to consistent and well tolerated operative blood loss that rarely results in the need for substantial transfusion. In contrast, nephrectomy for advanced disease may cause a risk of greater blood loss and subsequent need for the transfusion of multiple units of blood. While preoperative autologous blood donation may have limited value in this regard due to the high cost and number of units needed, preoperative erythropoietin administration may be a viable option. Prospective randomized studies are currently planned.
Multi-User Transmission Exploiting Multiple Dual-Polarized Antennas (2014)

In this paper, we propose a multiple dual-polarized antenna system for multi-user transmission in line-of-sight (LoS) dominant channel environments. By exploiting space and polarization resources efficiently, the proposed system achieves a higher sum rate than the existing multi-user multiple input multiple output (MU-MIMO) system with uni-polarized antennas.
Monitoring of Diffraction Efficiency, During Replication Process of a Diffraction Grating on Convex Substrate by Solvent Vapor Assisted Imprinting Lithography (2019)

For several reasons and in many fields, the replication of structures or nanostructures is realized. Actually, a lot of techniques exist, and the quality evaluation of the replication process is generally realized after replication process. In such conditions, the determination of adequate duration is a challenge. Diffraction grating replication realized by solvent vapor assisted imprinting lithography (SVAIL) process, on convex substrate, is here reported. Photoresist coating on convex substrate is also a challenge. It is treated in this paper before going on with replication and experimental measurement. Next, with that coated convex substrate, diffraction grating replication is realized. And the diffraction efficiency is monitored in real time during the replication process. The monitoring indicates the variation of diffraction efficiency during the evolution of SVAIL process. The comparison of monitored diffraction efficiency to theoretical simulations of diffraction efficiency for various steps of SVAIL process, allows to deduce the value of diffraction efficiency for optimal replication; and finally, the required duration of the replication process for optimal result is deduced.