gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of picosecond terawatt laser pulses for fast ignition of fusion (2013)

Abstract In this research, we presented the application of picosecond terawatt laser pulses for ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks for fast ignition of fusion. Ultrahigh acceleration of plasma blocks after irradiation of picosecond laser pulses of around terawatt power in the range of 10 20 cm/s 2 was discovered by Sauerbrey (1996) as measured by Doppler effect where the laser intensity was up to about 10 18 W/cm 2 . This is several orders of magnitude higher than acceleration by irradiation based on thermal interaction of lasers has produced. This ultrahigh acceleration resulted from hydrodynamic computations at plane target interaction in 1978 at comparable conditions where the interaction was dominated by the nonlinear (generalized ponderomotive) forces where the laser energy was instantly converted into plasma motion in contrast to slow and delayed thermal collision processes. After clarifying this basic result, the application of the plasma blocks for side-on ignition of solid density or modestly compressed fusion fuel following the theory of Chu (1971) is updated in view of later discovered plasma properties and the ignition of deuterium tritium and of proton- 11 B appeared possible for a dozen of PW-PS laser pulses if an extremely high contrast ratio avoided relativistic self-focusing. A re-evaluation of more recent experiment confirms the acceleration by the nonlinear force, and the generation of the fusion flame with properties of Rankine-Hugoniot shocks is reported.
Effects of local mechanical stimulation on coronary artery endothelial function and angiotensin II type 1 receptor in pressure or flow-overload (2013)

Local mechanical stimulation activates the AT1 receptor which likely mediates ROS production and endothelial dysfunction in RCA.
An Experimental Trial of Shopping Assistance Service Based on Ubiquitous Personalize Agent (2003)

This paper describes a “Ubiquitous Personalize Agent” and it’s application: “Shopping assistance service” for ubiquitous environments. Ubiquitous personalize agent is realized based on context reasoning technology. It can determine contexts of users by referring a lot of data which can be retrieved from devices in ubiquitous environments. We also have had an experimental trial of this service. In this paper, we state the technology, service, and evaluation on the experimental trial.
A nematic to nematic transformation exhibited by a rod-like liquid crystal (2017)

A novel, highly polar rod-like liquid crystal was found to exhibit two distinct nematic mesophases (N and N<sub>X</sub>). When studied by microscopy and X-ray scattering experiments, and under applied electric fields, the nematic phases are practically identical. However, calorimetry experiments refute the possibility of an intervening smectic mesophase, and the transformation between the nematic phases was associated with a weak thermal event. Analysis of measured dielectric data, along with molecular properties obtained from DFT calculations, applying the Maier-Meier relationship allowed for the degree of antiparallel pairing of dipoles in both nematic phases to be quantified. Based on the results, we conclude that the onset of the lower temperature phase is driven by the formation of antiparallel molecular associations.
Towards a Survey on Static and Dynamic Hypergraph Visualizations (2021)

Leveraging hypergraph structures to model advanced processes has gained much attention over the last few years in many areas, ranging from protein-interaction in computational biology to image retrieval using machine learning. Hypergraph models can provide a more accurate representation of the underlying processes while reducing the overall number of links compared to regular representations. However, interactive visualization methods for hypergraphs and hypergraph-based models have rarely been explored or systematically analyzed. This paper reviews the existing research landscape for hypergraph and hypergraph model visualizations and assesses the currently employed techniques. We provide an overview and a categorization of proposed approaches, focusing on performance, scalability, interaction support, successful evaluation, and the ability to represent different underlying data structures, including a recent demand for a temporal representation of interaction networks and their improvements beyond graph-based methods. Lastly, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the approaches and give an insight into the future challenges arising in this emerging research field.
<title>Polymer waveguide-based high-speed clock signal distribution system</title> (1997)

The increasing demand for clock speed is rapidly exhausting capabilities of interconnection techniques currently employed for high performance supercomputers. In order to address the bottleneck problem at the board level, we have taken a system's approach in developing optoelectronic interconnection layer for board-level high speed optical clock signal distribution. The reported approach employs polymer optical channel waveguides, waveguide clock signal distribution. The reported approach employs polymer based optical channel waveguides, waveguide splitters, and surface-normal waveguide couplers. This paper describes the system architecture, material choice, and fabrication process of board-level waveguides devices to achieve a synchronous global clock signal distribution.
Gravity oscillations applied in batch mixing (2007)

Abstract This paper discusses the benefits of using gravitational oscillations to achieve good mixing in relatively large vessels. An experimental study was performed on a semicircular‐type tank equipped with a vertical central baffle plate. Liquid oscillations were generated by a rubber plate, placed on the bottom of the tank, which was divided into two separate chambers that were alternately inflated with controlled compressed air. For specific inflation periods, resonance yielding maximal amplitude was achieved in the two tank compartments. While flow visualization showed overall good mixing for different excitation frequencies, measurements of mixing times via a conductivity method revealed fast mixing for a particular frequency close to the natural frequency of an oscillating U‐tube, and for which the maximal oscillation amplitude was recorded. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
An Automated Carotid Pulse Assessment Approach Using Doppler Ultrasound (2008)

During cardiac arrest emergencies, lay rescuers are required to manually check the patient's carotid pulse after the delivery of defibrillation shocks to assess the cardiac resuscitation progress of the patient. As a more automated way of monitoring the resuscitation progress, a new Doppler-ultrasound-based carotid pulse assessment approach is presented in this paper. The method works by analyzing the temporal aperiodicity of Doppler shifts seen in the ultrasound echoes returned from the patient's carotid arteries. As a quantitative investigation with this method, we derived a new measure called the pulselessness indicator to assess whether a carotid pulse is absent based on the given Doppler information. To study the performance of the new carotid pulse checking method, we built a multi-channel CW Doppler prototype device to acquire Doppler data in vivo during cardiac arrest experiments conducted on five different swines and computed pulselessness indicator estimates with these data. Our results indicated that the Doppler-based pulse checking approach has good sensitivity and specificity: it had a pulselessness detection rate greater than 0.9 for a given false alarm rate of 0.05. As a further analysis, the prototype device was applied to other experiments where the swine had suffered cardiac arrest for over five minutes. It showed a consistent assessment performance on the monitoring of the swine's resuscitation progress after defibrillation and chest compressions.
Synthesis and some Physical Properties of 1-Cyclohexyl-2-(4”-Halobiphenyl-4'-yl)Ethanes (1983)

Abstract A series of 1-(trans-4'-n-alkylcyclohexyl)-2-(4”-halobiphenyl-4'-yl)ethanes, which show nematic phases, was prepared. Their transition temperatures, enthalpies and entropies were measured. Their bulk viscosities, birefringences and dielectric constants were determined by extrapolation. 1-(trans-4'-n-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(4”-fluorobiphenyl-4'-yl)ethane has a high clearing of 125° C, a low viscosity of 25 c.p. at 20 °C, a relatively high birefringence of 0.166 at 25 °C, and a positive dielectric anisotropy of 4.9. The transition temperatures, the N-I transition entropies, the bulk viscosities and the birefringences for the 1-(trans-4'-n-alkylcyclohexyl)-2-(4”-fluorobiphenyl-4'-yl)ethanes exhibited odd-even effects in relation to the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl chain. The bulk viscosity as a function of the third power of the van der Waals radius of the halogeno group, the birefringence as a function of the van der Waals radius of the halogeno group, and the dielectric constants as a function of the dipole moment of the halogeno group are discussed for the 1-(trans-4'-n-propylcyclohexyl)-2-(4”-halobiphenyl-4'-yl)ethanes.
Communication-Efficient Distributed Learning via Lazily Aggregated Quantized Gradients (2019)

The present paper develops a novel aggregated gradient approach for distributed machine learning that adaptively compresses the gradient communication. The key idea is to first quantize the computed gradients, and then skip less informative quantized gradient communications by reusing outdated gradients. Quantizing and skipping result in `lazy' worker-server communications, which justifies the term Lazily Aggregated Quantized gradient that is henceforth abbreviated as LAQ. Our LAQ can provably attain the same linear convergence rate as the gradient descent in the strongly convex case, while effecting major savings in the communication overhead both in transmitted bits as well as in communication rounds. Empirically, experiments with real data corroborate a significant communication reduction compared to existing gradient- and stochastic gradient-based algorithms.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Cyclopropanation of Alkenes Using Diazo Compounds Generated in situ. A Novel Route to 2‐Arylcyclopropylamines. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MoBIE: A free and open-source platform for integration and cloud-based sharing of multi-modal correlative big image data (2021)

Recently, we presented the registration of a whole-body cellular expression atlas to a high-resolution electron microscopy (EM) dataset, automatic segmentation of all cell somata and nuclei, and clustering of the cells according to gene expression or morphological parameters This dataset is a valuable resource containing rich biological information. However, the size and complexity of this holistic resource (currently 231 image sources adding up to 2.02 TB lossless compressed image data, including EM, light microscopy, segmentation images and segment feature tables) poses a challenge to its effective interrogation for scientific discovery. To integrate this dataset we developed MoBIE: a free and open-source platform for multi-modal big image data exploration and sharing. MoBIE (https://github.com/mobie/mobie) consists of an object store backend for cloud-based image data sharing, GitHub based storage of tabular data, and an easy to install Fiji [3] plugin for integrated browsing of the whole dataset (Fig. The image data is stored in a compressed, chunked and object store compatible data format (https://github.com/saalfeldlab/n5) where only the chunks needed for the current rendering are downloaded into the Fiji viewer. In addition, the image data is stored as a resolution pyramid enabling exploration at different scales. As a consequence, even TB-sized image data can be smoothly explored at arbitrary orientations and zoom levels on a standard computer. In addition, we provide interactive viewing modalities for image segmentations, including segment feature tables, segment feature scatterplots and segment volume rendering (Fig. All viewers are linked, sharing the same image segments selection and coloring model. It soon became apparent that, in addition to In fact, within few months MoBIE transformed the way we integrate and share multi-modal big image data at our institute. We are therefore excited to present this platform as we hope that it will facilitate multi-modal image data exploration and sharing also at other institutions.
Closest point search in high dimensions (1996)

The problem of finding the closest point in high-dimensional spaces is common in computational vision. Unfortunately, the complexity of most existing search algorithms, such as k-d tree and R-tree, grows exponentially with dimension, making them impractical for dimensionality above 15. In nearly all applications, the closest point is of interest only if it lies within a user specified distance /spl epsiv/. We present a simple and practical algorithm to efficiently search for the nearest neighbor within Euclidean distance /spl epsiv/. Our algorithm uses a projection search technique along with a novel data structure to dramatically improve performance in high dimensions. A complexity analysis is presented which can help determine /spl epsiv/ in structured problems. Benchmarks clearly show the superiority of the proposed algorithm for high dimensional search problems frequently encountered in machine vision, such as real-time object recognition.
Three types of nonlinearity in physics of radiation force and acoustical streaming. (2010)

Thousands of papers on radiation force (RF) and acoustical streaming (AS) have been published since Faraday, Rayleigh, and Langevin. There have been more papers on RF in biomedicine published in the last decade than were written in the entire 20th century. Nevertheless, some nonlinear acoustic phenomena significant for engineering and biomedical applications are still misunderstood. The presentation contains discussions regarding frequently occurring inaccuracies and contradictions. In particular, it features three types of nonlinearities which can appear independently. First, equations for RF, which are nonlinear by themselves, can contain the nonlinear modulus of a medium. Second, the nonlinear distortion of the acoustic field, depending on sound intensity and geometric and physical nonlinearities, can govern the RF and AS. Third, hydrodynamic nonlinearity often appears at the development stage of streaming. The latter nonlinearity may be observed in weak acoustic fields if RF acts for a long period of time on a low-viscosity fluid. Evaluations and formulas are given, indicating conditions for separate observation of each type of nonlinearity. Some contradictions existing in the literature are resolved. Experimental data illustrating developed theory are shown.
Evidence for the involvement of cyclic GMP in adenosine‐induced, age‐dependent vasodilatation (1990)

1. Adenosine-induced dilatation of rat aorta was present in aorta taken from 4 week-old rats, attenuated with increase in age of rats to 8 weeks, and was virtually absent in the aorta from 12 week-old rats. 2. Removal of the endothelium by mechanical rubbing attenuated adenosine-induced dilatation. 3. Haemoglobin and methylene blue partly reversed the adenosine-induced endothelium-dependent dilatation. 4. The order of potency of adenosine derivatives was 5'-(N-ethylcarboxamido)adenosine (NECA) greater than 2-phenylaminoadenosine (CV-1808) greater than 2-chloroadenosine greater than N6-([R]-[-]-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (R-PIA) greater than adenosine greater than N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA) greater than N6-([S]-[+]-phenylisopropyl)adenosine (S-PIA), indicating that adenosine receptors mediating the dilatation are of the A2 subtype. 5. [3H]-NECA bound to preparations of membranes from rats of 4 weeks old; it was displaced more effectively by NECA and the A2 ligand CV-1808 than by the A1 ligands CHA and S-PIA. ligands CHA and S-PIA. 6. The number but not affinity of specific binding sites for NECA decreased considerably with increase in age of rats to 8 weeks, and binding sites for [3H]-NECA were hardly detected in membrane preparations from rats of 20 weeks old. 7. Adenosine caused a marked increase in cyclic GMP production, but did not induce an increase in the cyclic AMP level. 8. This increase in cyclic GMP production induced by adenosine was abolished by methylene blue or 8-phenyltheophylline, or by removal of the endothelium. 9. The age-associated decrease in adenosine-induced dilatation was found to be associated with a reduction in the formation of cyclic GMP, but not of cyclic AMP. 10. These results suggest that adenosine causes dilatation via A2 receptors by inducing production of an endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF), which in turn stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase, and so increases production of cyclic GMP. It is also suggested that the main reason for the age-associated decrease in adenosine-induced dilatation is a decrease in the number of A2-receptors or the ability of the endothelium to produce EDRF, leading to decreased production of cyclic GMP.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Epigenetic Silencing of miR-490-3p Reactivates the Chromatin Remodeler SMARCD1 to Promote <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>–Induced Gastric Carcinogenesis (2023)

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Supplementary Figure 3 from <i>De novo</i> Lipogenesis Protects Cancer Cells from Free Radicals and Chemotherapeutics by Promoting Membrane Lipid Saturation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from &lt;i&gt;De novo&lt;/i&gt; Lipogenesis Protects Cancer Cells from Free Radicals and Chemotherapeutics by Promoting Membrane Lipid Saturation
Evaluation of Microwave‐Sintered Titanium and Titanium Alloy Powder Compacts (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Setup and Procedure Result Conclusions Acknowledgement
Mechanism and Engineering of Polyketide Chain Initiation in Fredericamycin Biosynthesis (2010)

The ability to incorporate atypical primer units through the use of dedicated initiation polyketide synthase (PKS) modules offers opportunities to expand the molecular diversity of polyketide natural products. Here we identify the initiation PKS module responsible for hexadienyl priming of the antibiotic fredericamycin and investigate its biochemical properties. We also exploit this PKS module for the design and in vivo biosynthesis of unusually primed analogues of a representative polyketide product, thereby emphasizing its utility to the metabolic engineer.
Case 20 (2013)

Case presentations focus on mapping techniques, diagnosis, and proper catheter placement for successful ablation of arrhythmias. This case focuses on “the difficult case.” Difficulties in diagnosis and treatment can arise when there are uncommon manifestations of common arrhythmias, through strict adherence to the “rules” of electrophysiology when exceptions are present, with atypical anatomy, and when 2 or more conditions are present.
Histaminase (diamine oxidase) activity in human tumors: an expression of a mature genome. (1977)

High histaminase [amine:oxygen oxidoreductase (deaminating) (pyridoxal-containing), EC 1.4.3.6] activity is found in certain human tumors and in the placenta of most mammals. The present study explores the relationship of tumor histaminase to histaminases found in placenta and other human, pig, and rat tissues. The electrophoretic mobility and Michaelis constants for the deamination of histimine and putrescine were identical for histaminases from human placenta and from medullary thyroid carcinoma. An antibody was raised in rabbits against human placental histaminase that was highly purified by a new affinity procedure. In separate studies, using inhibitory concentrations of antibody and a second antibody precipitation technique, identical patterns of immunoreactivity were found for histaminases from human placenta, kidney, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and small cell lung carcinoma; human intestinal histaminase crossreacted well but less strongly than did enzymes from these other tissues. Histaminases from pig kidney, pig intestine, and rat intestine showed no crossreaction; histaminases from rat thymus and adrenal gland showed minimal crossreactivity. The findings suggest that placental histaminase activity is not a unique product of a fetal or trophoblastic genome. The presence of histaminase in malignancies does not appear to be an example of ectopic tumor production of a placental trophoblastic protein.
Inertial Force SensingSystemforPartner Robots (2006)

An inertial force sensing systemforpartner robot control hasbeendeveloped. We namedthissystemMOST (MOtionSensing Technology). The MOST consists of3 angular ratesensors, 3acceleration sensors, andaDSP(Digital Signal Processor). Theacceleration sensor isasemiconductor typeandtheangular ratesensor isaquartz type. Thesensors havebeenmade by MEMS (MicroElectro Mechanical Systems) technology formass-produced cars.Theyaregood forminiaturization ofthesensing unit. Postureangleis generally obtained byintegrating theangular rateovertime. However, there wasthedivergence oftheposture angle dueto theoffset output integration. Newalgorithm wasproposed to suppress thedivergence oftheposture angle withtheDSPin real-time. Theperformance ofthesensing system, MOST,was demonstrated ontheTOYOTA partner robots intheEXPO 2005Aichi, Japan.
Pulmono-atrial shunt and lung assist to treat right ventricular failure (2011)

In right ventricular failure (RVF) a decrease of right ventricular afterload and improvement of left atrial filling could be achieved by a pulmonary artery-left atrial (PA)-shunt. To avoid cyanosis, artificial oxygenation is necessary. In 11 pigs a PA-shunt was created. An interventional lung assist device (ILA) was installed from the femoral artery to vein in 5 pigs (serial in relation to native lung: Group I) and into the PA-shunt in 6 pigs (parallel: Group II). RVF was induced by pulmonary artery banding. Right ventricular performance was determined by pulse contour analysis, pressure - and flow measurements. In both groups a stable RVF was generated. In Group I cardiac output trended to increase but neither right ventricular filling pressures nor arterial pressure changed significantly. The PaO2 decreased significantly. In Group II cardiac output and arterial pressure increased significantly under a shunt flow of 2.3- 2.6 l/min and the animals recovered from cardiogenic shock. In conclusion a PA-shunt with a parallel lung assist can effectively reverse the deleterious effects of RVF.