gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of articular cartilage homeostasis and the mechanism of superior cartilage regeneration of MRL/MpJ mice (2019)

This study investigated articular cartilage (AC) homeostasis and different signaling pathways involved in the superior cartilage regeneration of Murphy Roths large (MRL/MpJ) mice previously reported. We collected uninjured and destabilized medial meniscus (DMM)-injured knees from 8-wk-old C57BL/6J and MRL/MpJ mice. We used micro-computed tomography (microCT), histology, and immunohistochemistry to evaluate AC homeostasis and repair. We used the ear punch model to investigate the role of angiogenesis and inflammation in the superior healing of MRL/MpJ mice. We found fewer β-catenin and more pSMAD5 positive cells in the uninjured AC of MRL/MpJ mice than that from C57BL/6J mice. MRL/MpJ mice exhibited better AC repair in DMM-induced OA, as indicated by microCT results, Alcian blue, and Safranin O staining. Mechanistically, fewer β-catenin, pSMAD2-, pSMAD3-, a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4-, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 9-, and MMP13-positive cells and more proliferating cell nuclear antigen- and pSMAD5-positive cells were found in the DMM-injured AC in MRL/MpJ mice than in normal mice. The accelerated ear wound healing of MRL/MpJ mice correlated with enhanced angiogenesis and macrophage polarization toward the M2a phenotype through elevated IL-10 and IL-4 expressing cells. Collectively, our study revealed that down-regulation of pSMAD2/3, β-catenin, and MMPs and up-regulation of pSMAD5 and M2a macrophage polarization contribute to the enhanced cartilage repair observed in MRL/MpJ mice.-Deng, Z., Gao, X., Sun, X., Amra, S., Lu, A., Cui, Y., Eltzschig, H. K., Lei, G., Huard, J. Characterization of articular cartilage homeostasis and the mechanism of superior cartilage regeneration of MRL/MpJ mice.
Testing of the assumptions made in estimating the extent of futile cycling (1989)

In estimating glucose and fructose 6-phosphate futile cycling in vivo, complete detritiation of [2-3H]glucose is assumed at the glucose 6-phosphate level, [3-3H]glucose at triose phosphate formation, and [6-3H]glucose in its conversion to glucose via pyruvate. [3-3H]glucose detritiation via the pentose cycle is assumed to be negligible. Normal and non-insulin-dependent diabetic subjects, in the basal state and infused with glucose, were given [2-3H,2-14C]galactose, and 3H-to-14C ratios in blood glucose were determined. [2-3H,2-14C]glucose was given with acetaminophen, and 3H/14C in urinary glucuronide was determined. Detritiation at glucose 6-phosphate was approximately 80%. [3-3H,1-14C]fructose was infused, and 3H/14C was determined in blood glucose and urinary glucuronide. At triose phosphate, 75-90% of the 3H was removed. The pentose cycle contribution was only a few percent. [6-3H,6-14C]glucose was infused, and 3H/14C in blood lactate was determined. [3-3H,3-14C]lactate was infused, and ratios in blood glucose were determined. Maximally, 10% of 3H from [6-3H]glucose was retained. If glucose and galactose are metabolized in the same hepatic site(s), glucose conversion to three-carbon intermediates in the indirect pathway of glycogen formation occurs in extrahepatic tissue(s). Reported estimates of futile cycling, although qualitatively correct, quantitatively require correction.
Vaccines for conformational disorders (2004)

Neurodegenerative disorders are becoming increasingly common and an ever greater healthcare burden, as the average age in Western populations rises. Many of these are conformational disorders, which are characterized by the accumulation of a host protein that undergoes a structural change increasing its β-sheet content, rendering it toxic. The most common of these illnesses is Alzheimer's disease. Prion diseases are also conformational disorders, which are currently less common than Alzheimer's disease, however, these illnesses have no treatment and are universally rapidly fatal. The emergence of new variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease has raised the possibility of a large population at risk for this illness, as well as causing great concern regarding the safety of blood bank supplies. Recently, immune modulation has emerged as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for both Alzheimer's and prion diseases. We and others have demonstrated in both Alzheimer's and prion disease animal models that vaccination can dramatically improve the course of the illness. A human trial of an Alzheimer's disease vaccine using Aβ1-42 was halted due to toxicity in a minority of patients (6%). However, recent data suggests that patients with a humoral response to Aβ benefited cognitively from the vaccine. Toxicity in this human trial has been linked to excessive cell-mediated immunity. Novel vaccine strategies are under development for both Alzheimer's disease and prionoses which are predicted to have few or no significant side effects, while being efficacious.
Layered OFDMA and Its Radio Access Techniques for LTE-Advanced (2009)

This paper proposes applying the Layered Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) radio access scheme and its radio access techniques to LTE (Long-Term Evolution)-Advanced to satisfy its system requirements, which are much stricter than those of the Evolved Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) and UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). Layered OFDMA comprises layered transmission bandwidth assignment (bandwidth is assigned to match the required data rate), a layered control signaling structure, and support for layered environments for both the downlink and uplink. Especially in the uplink, an adaptive multi-access scheme with hybrid single-carrier and multicarrier based radio access is applied. Layered OFDMA radio access will support all the functionalities specified in Release 8 LTE and later enhancements. Key radio access techniques such as fast inter-cell radio resource management that takes advantage of remote radio equipment (RRE) so as to realize inter-cell orthogonality, multi-antenna transmission with more antennas, and coverage enhancing techniques are used to achieve a high level of capacity and cell-edge spectrum efficiency.
Two-dimensional electrophoresis used to differentiate the causal agents of American tegumentary leishmaniasis. (1984)

American tegumentary leishmaniasis is caused by a diverse group of Leishmania classified within two species complexes: L. mexicana and L. braziliensis. Because distinct disease forms are associated with certain species or subspecies, prognosis requires taxonomic identification of the pathogen. Biological criteria allow identification only to the species level; thus, biochemical and immunological markers are eagerly sought. We have used two-dimensional electrophoresis to examine the relationships among reference strains of New World Leishmania and stocks isolated from Colombian patients. The L. mexicana and L. braziliensis species complexes are shown to be extremely disparate, and the relative affinities of the subspecies reference strains and Colombian Leishmania stocks are documented. The latter displayed a variety of patterns--some clearly identifiable with a particular L. braziliensis subspecies reference strain, others intermediate between those of L.b. panamensis and L.b. guyanensis. Such comparisons are useful both in establishing relatedness and identifying subspecies and variant marker proteins, which may have biological significance.
Mechanistic Studies of Chemically Amplified Resists (1998)

Chemically amplified resists are now finding widespread use for the fabrication of advanced integrated circuits. A fundamental understanding of the chemistry and physics of chemically amplified resist processing enables the rational design of improved materials and process protocols. We describe here studies aimed at improving our understanding of the chemical and physical processes that influence the performance of advanced resist materials based on acid-catalyzed imaging chemistry.
Self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery systems: an update of the biopharmaceutical aspects (2015)

The utilization of SNEDDS to augment the oral bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs goes beyond improvement in drug's solubility, as was initially presumed. In fact, SNEDDS have a potential to increase oral bioavailability by multi-concerted mechanisms such as reduced intra-enterocyte metabolism by CYP P450 enzymes, reduced P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux activity and hepatic first-pass metabolism bypass via lymphatic absorption. This unique biopharmaceutical point of view, presented in this review, contributes to the understanding of proper drug candidate selection and of the approach in SNEDDS formulation design.
Enzyme Control Over Ferric Iron Magnetostructural Properties (2021)

Abstract Fe 3+ complexes in aqueous solution can exist as discrete mononuclear species or multinuclear magnetically coupled species. Stimuli‐driven change to Fe 3+ speciation represents a powerful mechanistic basis for magnetic resonance sensor technology, but ligand design strategies to exert precision control of aqueous Fe 3+ magnetostructural properties are entirely underexplored. In pursuit of this objective, we rationally designed a ligand to strongly favor a dinuclear μ‐oxo‐bridged and antiferromagnetically coupled complex, but which undergoes carboxylesterase mediated transformation to a mononuclear high‐spin Fe 3+ chelate resulting in substantial T 1 ‐relaxivity increase. The data communicated demonstrate proof of concept for a novel and effective strategy to exert biochemical control over aqueous Fe 3+ magnetic, structural, and relaxometric properties.
RD-optimized competition scheme for efficient motion prediction (2007)

H.264/MPEG4-AVC is the latest video codec provided by the Joint Video Team, gathering ITU-T and ISO/IEC experts. Technically there are no drastic changes compared to its predecessors H.263 and MPEG-4 part 2. It however significantly reduces the bitrate and seems to be progressively adopted by the market. The gain mainly results from the addition of efficient motion compensation tools, variable block sizes, multiple reference frames, 1/4-pel motion accuracy and powerful Skip and Direct modes. A close study of the bits repartition in the bitstream reveals that motion information can represent up to 40% of the total bitstream. As a consequence reduction of motion cost is a priority for future enhancements. This paper proposes a competition-based scheme for the prediction of the motion. It impacts the selection of the motion vectors, based on a modified rate-distortion criterion, for the Inter modes and for the Skip mode. Combined spatial and temporal predictors take benefit of temporal redundancies, where the spatial median usually fails. An average 7% bitrate saving compared to a standard H.264/MPEG4-AVC codec is reported. In addition, on the fly adaptation of the set of predictors is proposed and preliminary results are provided.
Investigation of femtosecond electronic dephasing in CdSe nanocrystals using quantum-beat-suppressed photon echoes (1993)

We report the first direct measurements of femtosecond electronic dephasing in CdSe nanocrystals using three-pulse photon echoes and a novel mode-suppression technique. We are able to separate the dynamics of the coherently excited LO phonons from the underlying electron-hole dephasing by suppressing the quantum beats. The homogeneous linewidth of these materials at 15 K results from electronic dephasing in \ensuremath{\sim}85 fs, approximately half of which is due to acoustic phonon modes. Contributions from acoustic phonons dominate the homogeneous linewidth at room temperature.
The Effect of an Active Travelling Wave Wall Motion on the Structure of a Turbulent Boundary Layer (2006)

The topic of drag reduction (DR) in wall-bounded turbulent flows has received great attention over the past thirty years. This effort is motivated by the notion that the internal near wall structure of a turbulent flow can be substantially affected if a force is exerted on the fluid by a traveling wave propagating transversely on an active compliant surface. The work presented here supports this notion by demonstrating that the active skin results in organizing the structures that populate the near wall flow. For the first time, this mechanism is shown to significantly reduce the contribution of the Reynolds stresses to the viscous drag. The modification of the turbulent near wall flow as a function of actuation frequency is investigated and the persistence of the flow control is explored. In addition, the performance of the mechanical active skin actuator is characterized and a first order estimate of its energetics is achieved.
One Dimensional D.C. Resistivity Due to Strong Low Frequency Turbulence. (1978)

A theoretical model is presented showing the effects of finite amplitude ion cavities on the d.c. conductivity of a collisionless one-dimensional plasma. A 20% ion cavity is shown to prevent the acceleration of 50% of the plasma electrons. The effect is independent of cavity width and spacing so that in the case of localized, spiky turbulence, rms ion density fluctuations of a few percent can significantly modify the d.c. response. The theoretical predictions are compared with both particle and Vlasov computer simulations. (Author)
Single-Photon Emitters in Boron Nitride Nanococoons (2018)

Quantum emitters in two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are attractive for a variety of quantum and photonic technologies because they combine ultra-bright, room-temperature single-photon emission with an atomically thin crystal. However, the emitter's prominence is hindered by large, strain-induced wavelength shifts. We report the discovery of a visible-wavelength, single-photon emitter (SPE) in a zero-dimensional boron nitride allotrope (the boron nitride nanococoon, BNNC) that retains the excellent optical characteristics of few-layer hBN while possessing an emission line variation that is lower by a factor of 5 than the hBN emitter. We determined the emission source to be the nanometer-size BNNC through the cross-correlation of optical confocal microscopy with high-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Altogether, this discovery enlivens color centers in BN materials and, because of the BN nanococoon's size, opens new and exciting opportunities in nanophotonics, quantum information, biological imaging, and nanoscale sensing.
Hierarchical, Grid-Aware, and Economically Optimal Coordination of Distributed Energy Resources in Realistic Distribution Systems (2020)

Renewable portfolio standards are targeting high levels of variable solar photovoltaics (PV) in electric distribution systems, which makes reliability more challenging to maintain for distribution system operators (DSOs). Distributed energy resources (DERs), including smart, connected appliances and PV inverters, represent responsive grid resources that can provide flexibility to support the DSO in actively managing their networks to facilitate reliability under extreme levels of solar PV. This flexibility can also be used to optimize system operations with respect to economic signals from wholesale energy and ancillary service markets. Here, we present a novel hierarchical scheme that actively controls behind-the-meter DERs to reliably manage each unbalanced distribution feeder and exploits the available flexibility to ensure reliable operation and economically optimizes the entire distribution network. Each layer of the scheme employs advanced optimization methods at different timescales to ensure that the system operates within both grid and device limits. The hierarchy is validated in a large-scale realistic simulation based on data from the industry. Simulation results show that coordination of flexibility improves both system reliability and economics, and enables greater penetration of solar PV. Discussion is also provided on the practical viability of the required communications and controls to implement the presented scheme within a large DSO.
Preparation and characterization of cryogenic adhesives. I. Glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane resins (1994)

Abstract Glycidol has been introduced into isocyanate‐terminated polyurethane to form glycidyl‐terminated polyurethane resin. A series of glycidyl‐terminated polyurethanes, based on PTMEG, PPG, and polyester soft segments, having different molecular weights were synthesized and their adhesion properties on aluminum were evaluated. The effect of the soft‐segment structure, soft‐segment length, and temperature on adhesion were examined. It was found that the resin showed superior adhesion at cryogenic temperatures. The results coincide with the phenomenon observed in dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the modified system also offered some distinct advantages over the commercial polyurethane adhesives, e.g., good storage stability and room‐temperature curing. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Infectious complications associated with interleukin-2 administration: a retrospective review of 935 treatment courses. (1993)

Although treatment with IL-2 may be associated with a slightly increased incidence of bacterial infections, these infections can be successfully managed in the great majority of cases.
High Field-Effect Hole Mobility in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Thin Films Prepared by Vacuum Vapor Deposition Technique (2004)

Organic-inorganic layered perovskite films, (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 SnI 4 , were grown on 60°C substrates at a growth rate of 0.0005 nm/s by a vacuum vapor deposition technique, and field-effect transistors with a hybrid semiconductor were fabricated. From measurements of ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS) absorption spectra and X-ray diffraction profiles, the vacuum-deposited films contained a well-developed layered perovskite structure, where inorganic sheets alternate with organic layers in the direction perpendicular to the substrate surface. In the field-effect transistors, the vacuum-deposited hybrid films acted as p-channel semiconductors and exhibited a hole mobility of 0.78 cm 2 /Vs in the saturation regime, a threshold voltage of -1.7 V, and a drain current on/off ratio of 4.2 ×10 5 .
Calculated structural-dependent optical properties of alloys TiNi, TiPd, and TiPt (1998)

Electronic structures and optical properties of martensitic alloys TiNi, TiPd, and TiPt in both the low-temperature B19 ${(B19}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ in the case of TiNi) and the high-temperature B2 phases are systematically calculated using the flat-principles local density functional approach. Our results on TiNi B2 and B${19}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ phases agree well with the existing experimental data where drastic changes of optical conductivity in the infrared region from B2 to B${19}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ phase were observed. Our results show that optical matrix elements are important in understanding the optical properties of these alloys, especially in obtaining the correct peak intensities. Because of the different crystalline symmetry between the low-temperature B19 (B${19}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ in the case of TiNi) phase and the high-temperature B2 phase, different polarization dependence in the optical conductivity of the two phases is expected. We present the polarization-dependent optical conductivities in these martensitic alloys.
Enhancement of Extraction Efficiency and Reduction of Boundary Layer Effects in Pulse Introduction Membrane Extraction (1999)

Membrane separation has emerged as an attractive alternative for interfacing an extraction step directly to a gas chromatograph or to a mass spectrometer. In pulse introduction (or flow injection type) membrane extraction, a sample pulse is introduced onto an eluent stream that transports it onto the membrane. Since a fixed sample volume is injected, the detector response is directly proportional to the extraction efficiency. This in turn depends on membrane module design, flow conditions, etc. Also, when water contacts a membrane, a static boundary layer is formed at the membrane surface that serves as an additional diffusional barrier to the permeation process. Consequently, permeation slows down, which lowers the speed of analysis. In this paper, methods of increasing the extraction efficiency and decreasing boundary layer effects are presented. The goal is to have higher sensitivity at a shorter analysis time. A stream of nitrogen is introduced into the membrane after sample elution to eliminate the aqueous boundary layer. This technique is found to be effective not only for faster analysis, but also for increasing extraction efficiency.
The In Vitro and In Vivo Effects of Anti-Galactose Antibodies on Endothelial Cell Activation and Xenograft Rejection (2003)

We have previously produced a series of antigalactose (anti-Gal) hybridomas and characterized their heavy chain gene usage. Here we have quantified the affinity of these Abs for the alpha-Gal epitope and characterized their in vitro effects on endothelial cell activation and apoptosis. We report that anti-Gal mAbs derived from Gal(-/-) mice show a range of affinity for the alpha-Gal epitope, and that affinity was generally increased as the V(H) gene usage transitioned from germline sequences to sequences exhibiting somatic maturation. Despite an 85-fold range in affinity, all the anti-Gal mAbs examined induced alpha-Gal-specific endothelial cell activation, and after prolonged exposure induced endothelial cell apoptosis in a complement-independent manner. Only murine anti-Gal mAbs of the IgM or IgG3 subclass, but not IgG1, were effective at initiating complement-dependent cell lysis. Using a novel rat to mouse xenograft model, we examined the in vivo ability of these mAbs to induce xenograft rejection and characterized the rejection using histology and immunohistochemistry. Infusion of complement-fixing IgG3 mAbs resulted in either hyperacute rejection or acute vascular rejection of the xenograft. Surprisingly, infusion of an equal amount of a high affinity anti-Gal IgG1 mAb, that fixed complement poorly also induced a rapid xenograft rejection, which we have labeled very acute rejection. These studies emphasize the importance of in vivo assays, in addition to in vitro assays, in understanding the role of anti-Gal IgG-mediated tissue injury and xenograft rejection.
A General Synthesis of 1‐Aryl Carbamoyl‐2‐alkyl‐4‐aryl Substituted Semicarbazides as Nonbasic Factor Xa Inhibitors. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Declipse 2: multi-layer image and depth with transparency made practical (2009)

To be able to accommodate different viewing conditions (e.g. different display sizes, display types, viewing distance), a 3D format is required where the depth effect can be adjusted. Within MPEG, the image-and-depth format has been standardized. This format is bandwidth efficient, highly flexible and therefore well suited to introduce 3D content into for example the home environment. Extensions to this format have been proposed to enable occlusion handling, by introducing more image-and-depth layers, containing image data located behind the foreground objects, to enable looking around such foreground objects. In the presence of such a multi-layer representation, a next extension is to add transparency information to the layers, allowing for alpha matting (offering significant gains in rendering quality) and inclusion of semi-transparent objects in the scene. Due to the multi-layer nature, it is then still possible to tune the amount of depth. In this paper, we report on our design choices to arrive at the Declipse 2 format, by going through the whole video chain, from content creation, to looking at the effects of video compression and finally real-time 3D rendering and display of such multi-layer content with transparency information, showing the feasibility of the approach under practical conditions.