gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HDL Cholesterol Story Is Dead: Long Live HDL! (2016)

It is a great irony that the earliest discovered lipoprotein is also the least well understood. In 1929, Michel Machebouef at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, using salt precipitation techniques, isolated a lipoprotein particle from horse serum composed predominantly of an α-globulin (59%), which we now know to be high-density lipoprotein (HDL) (1). Epidemiological studies in the 1970s, including the Framingham Heart Study, established the strong inverse relationship between HDL cholesterol concentration (HDL-C) and both the incidence and prevalence of coronary artery disease (2,3). The resulting belief about the cardioprotective effects of high HDL-C led to many therapeutic efforts to raise HDL-C using pharmaceutical agents such as niacin, fibrates, and cholesterol ester transfer protein inhibitors that have been largely disappointing (4,5). This has led to a shift in focus from HDL-C to assessment of HDL function, primarily its role in reverse cholesterol transport (4). As many experts have stressed (5), the cholesterol in HDL does not (and cannot) protect, but this does not necessarily reflect on its functional intricacies and importance. Recent evidence does indeed support this greater emphasis on HDL functionality (6) to assess risk for major cardiovascular events, but even this would be a narrow focus. Cholesterol constitutes less than …
DrugCentral 2018: an update (2018)

DrugCentral is a drug information resource (http://drugcentral.org) open to the public since 2016 and previously described in the 2017 Nucleic Acids Research Database issue. Since the 2016 release, 103 new approved drugs were updated. The following new data sources have been included: Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS), FDA Orange Book information, L1000 gene perturbation profile distance/similarity matrices and estimated protonation constants. New and existing entries have been updated with the latest information from scientific literature, drug labels and external databases. The web interface has been updated to display and query new data. The full database dump and data files are available for download from the DrugCentral website.
Influence of disconnecting part on propagation properties of PD-induced electromagnetic wave in model gis (2010)

Partial discharge (PD) detection using a UHF (ultra high frequency) band signal is a well known advanced insulation diagnosis method in gas insulated switchgear (GIS), and has been actively studied. Detailed investigation of electromagnetic (EM) wave propagation inside the GIS tank is required for significant improvement of detecting PD signal by UHF method. When practically applying the UHF method to GIS insulation diagnostics, it is necessary to examine the effects of GIS components such as circuit breakers, isolators and disconnectors on EM wave propagation properties. In this paper, attention is paid to the effects of a disconnecting part of a high voltage (HV) conductor like a circuit breaker or a disconnector in GIS. To examine the effects of disconnecting part, the gap length of the disconnecting part was set as parameter, and waveforms and frequency spectra of the propagation PD-induced EM wave were measured with UHF sensors. For the purpose of discussing the effects of the disconnecting part theoretically, a finite difference time domain (FD-TD) simulation was also carried out. The experimental results show that the PD-induced wave could propagate through the disconnecting part with higher frequency components over the cutoff frequency components of TE11 mode for disconnecting part, i.e. cylindrical shape formed by GIS tank without HV conductor. The propagation of the lower frequency components below the TE11 mode depended on the gap length of the disconnecting part.
Plasma membrane phospholipase A 2 controls hepatocellular fatty acid uptake and is responsive to pharmacological modulation: implications for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2014)

Excess hepatic fat accumulation leads to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), a serious threat to health for which no effective treatment is available. However, the mechanism responsible for fatty acid uptake by hepatocytes remains unclear. Using the human hepatocyte-derived tumor cell line HepG2, we found that fatty acid influx is mediated by a heterotetrameric plasma membrane protein complex consisting of plasma membrane fatty acid-binding protein, caveolin-1, CD36, and calcium-independent membrane phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β). Blocking iPLA2β with the bile acid-phospholipid conjugate ursodeoxycholate-lysophosphatidylethanolamide (UDCA-LPE) caused the dissociation of the complex, thereby inhibiting fatty acid influx (IC50 47 μM), and suppressed the synthesis of all subunits through a reduction in lysophosphatidylcholine from 8.0 to 3.5 μmol/mg of protein and corresponding depletion of phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase. These findings were substantiated by an observed 56.5% decrease in fatty acid influx in isolated hepatocytes derived from iPLA2β-knockout mice. Moreover, steatosis and inflammation were abrogated by UDCA-LPE treatment in a cellular model of NASH. Thus, iPLA2β acts as an upstream checkpoint for mechanisms that regulate fatty acid uptake, and its inhibition by UDCA-LPE qualifies this nontoxic compound as a therapeutic candidate for the treatment of NASH.-Stremmel, W., Staffer, S., Wannhoff, A., Pathil, A., Chamulitrat, W. Plasma membrane phospholipase A2 controls hepatocellular fatty acid uptake and is responsive to pharmacological modulation: implications for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
Capturing the real influencing factors of traffic for accurate traffic identification (2012)

In this paper we introduce a novel framework for traffic identification that employs machine learning techniques focusing on the estimation of multiple traffic influencing factors. The effect of these factors is handled with the training of several machine learning models. We utilize the outcome of the multiple models via a recombination algorithm to achieve high overall true positive and true negative and low overall false positive and false negative classification ratio. The proposed method can improve the performance of every kind of machine learning based traffic identification engine making them capable of efficient operation in changing network environment i.e., when the probing node is trained and tested in different sites.
Spatial frequency based motion estimation for image sequence compression (2002)

The interest in low bitrate video coding has increased considerably with the creation of new applications and services requiring this class of bitrate in their function. In this paper we explore techniques for compression of image sequences in a manner that optimizes the results for the human receiver. We propose a new motion estimator using two novel block match algorithms which are based on human perception. Simulations with image sequences have shown an improved bitrate while maintaining "image quality" when compared to conventional motion estimation techniques using the MAD block match criteria.
Simulation of Acousto-Optical Modulation of Fiber Bragg Gratings in Suspended Core Fibers (2013)

The interaction between acoustic waves and Bragg gratings is numerically investigated for suspended core fibers. A side lobe reflectivity increase of 28% compared to standard fibers is obtained, indicating possibilities for more efficient optical modulators.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies of the Detoxin Complex. Part 1. Total Synthesis of (‐) Detoxinine. (1986)

Abstract Compound (III) is synthesized by a known procedure from butadiene (I) and nitromethane (II).
Monomer reactivity ratios for acrylonitrile–methyl acrylate free‐radical copolymerization (2004)

Abstract Nonlinear monomer reactivity ratios for the homogeneous free‐radical copolymerization of acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate were determined from 1 H NMR and real‐time Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. All 1 H NMR data were obtained on polymers isolated at low conversions (&lt;10%), whereas the FTIR data were collected in situ . The copolymerizations were conducted in N , N ‐dimethylformamide at 62 °C and were initiated with azobisisobutyronitrile. The real‐time FTIR technique allowed for many data points to be collected for each feed composition, which enabled the calculation of copolymer compositions ( d M 1 / d M 2 ) with better accuracy. Monomer reactivity ratios were estimated with the Mayo–Lewis method and then were refined via a nonlinear least‐squares analysis first suggested by Mortimer and Tidwell. Thus, monomer reactivity ratios at the 95% confidence level were determined to be 1.29 ± 0.2 and 0.96 ± 0.2 for acrylonitrile and methyl acrylate, respectively, which were valid under the specific system conditions (i.e., solvent and temperature) studied. The results are useful for the development of acrylonitrile (&lt;90%) and methyl acrylate, melt‐processable copolymer fibers and films, including precursors for carbon fibers. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2994–3001, 2004
A phase I/II trial of nimodipine for HIV-related neurologic complications (1998)

Nimodipine and other similar nonantiretroviral agents may provide a safe and promising avenue of treatment for neurologic disorders associated with HIV infection. The results of this study indicate that further clinical trials are warranted.
Sodium Heat Engine Development Program. Phase 1, Final report (1992)

The Sodium Heat Engine (SHE) is an efficient thermoelectric conversion device which directly generates electricity from a thermally regenerative electrochemical cell that relies on the unique conduction properties of {beta}{double_prime}-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE). Laboratory models of a variety of SHE devices have demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of the system, engineering development of large prototype devices has been slowed by a series of materials and fabrication problems. Failure of the electrolyte tubes has been a recurring problem and a number of possible causes have been postulated. To address these issues, a two-phase engineering development program was undertaken. This report summarizes the final results of the first phase of the program, which included extensive materials characterization activities, a study of applicable nondestructive evaluation methods, an investigation of possible stress states that would contribute to fracture, and certain operational issues associated with the electromagnetic pumps used in the SHE prototype. Mechanical and microstructural evaluation of commercially obtained BASE tubes revealed that they should be adequate for SHE applications and that sodium exposure produced no appreciable deleterious strength effects. Processing activities to produce a more uniform and smaller grain size for the BASE tubes were completed using isostatic pressing, extrusion, and slip casting. Green tubes were sintered by conventional and microwave plasma methods. Of particular interest is the residual stress state in the BASE tubes, and both analysis and nondestructive evaluation methods were employed to evaluate these stresses. X-ray and neutron diffraction experiments were performed to determine the bulk residual stresses in commercially fabricated BASE tubes; however, tube-to-tube variations and variations among the various methods employed did not allow formulation of a definitive definition of the as-fabricated stress state.
Behaviorally Conditioned Immunosuppression: Replication of a Recent Study (1976)

Rogers, Malcolm P. MD; Reich, Peter MD; Strom, Terry B. MD; Carpenter, Charles B. MD Author Information
Indexing uncertainty for spoken document search (2005)

The paper presents the Position Specific Posterior Lattice, a novel lossy representation of automatic speech recognition lattices that naturally lends itself to efficient indexing and subsequent relevance ranking of spoken documents. Albeit lossy, the PSPL lattice is much more compact than the ASR 3-gram lattice from which it is computed, at virtually no degradation in word-error-rate performance. Since new paths are introduced in the lattice, the “oracle” accuracy increases over the original ASR lattice. In experiments performed on a collection of lecture recordings — MIT iCampus database — the spoken document ranking accuracy was improved by 20% relative over the commonly used baseline of indexing the 1-best output from an automatic speech recognizer. The Mean Average Precision (MAP) increased from 0.53 when using 1-best output to 0.62 when using the new lattice representation. The reference used for evaluation is the output of a standard retrieval engine working on the manual transcription of the speech collection.
Inhibition of the Dissolution of Fe from Fe-Pt Nano Particles by a Structural Phase Transitions (2010)

Fe–Pt nanoparticles fabricated by the polyol process have been reported as a possible alternative material for use in catalytic electrodes for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs). Catalytic Fe–Pt alloys suffer from a problem where Fe dissolves from the alloy. Here, we examined the dissolution of Fe into the electrolyte for various composition ratios of Fe to Pt. We have also described the characteristics of Fe–Pt nanoparticles on the basis of XRD, XRF, TEM-EDX and electrochemical measurements and have discussed the rinse effect of Fe–Pt nanoparticles in acid solutions and the annealing effect of Fe–Pt caused by structural phase transitions from disordered fcc to ordered fct phase structures.
Initial Clinical Evaluation of New Vaccine Candidates: Investigators' Perspective of Phase I and Phase II Clinical Trials of Safety, Immunogenicity, and Preliminary Efficacy (2004)

Among the tools available to control infectious diseases, vaccines rank high in effectiveness and economic feasibility. Vaccines once consisted of either live whole virus analogs or killed virus preparations. Now new viral, bacterial, and parasitic vaccines are frequently defined by gene sequences or amino acid epitopes. Likewise, vaccine testing has progressed to become a discipline of its own, which includes scientific, epidemiological, ethical, and feasibility aspects. This chapter deals with some of these issues related to Phases I and II vaccine testing.
VRK1 is required in VRK2-methylated cancers of the nervous system (2021)

Abstract Collateral lethality occurs when loss of one paralog renders cancer cells dependent on the remaining paralog. Combining genome scale CRISPR/Cas9 screens coupled with RNA-sequencing in over 900 cancer cell lines, we found that cancers of nervous system lineage, including adult and pediatric gliomas and neuroblastomas, required the nuclear kinase Vaccinia-Related Kinase 1 (VRK1) for their survival. VRK1 dependency was inversely correlated with expression of its paralog VRK2. VRK2 knockout (KO) sensitized cells to VRK1 suppression, and conversely, VRK2 overexpression increased cell fitness in the setting of VRK1 suppression. DNA methylation of the VRK2 promoter was associated with low VRK2 expression in human neuroblastomas, and adult and pediatric gliomas. Mechanistically, depletion of VRK1 reduced Barrier-to-Autointegration Factor (BAF) phosphorylation during mitosis, resulting in DNA damage and apoptosis. Together, these studies identify VRK1 as a synthetic lethal target in VRK2 promoter-methylated adult and pediatric gliomas and neuroblastomas. Statement of Significance We credential VRK1 as a target in adult and pediatric gliomas, and neuroblastomas with VRK2 promoter methylation. This demonstrates the utility of paralog-driven synthetic lethal interactions for biomarker-linked, targeted therapeutics.
ITO/metal/ITO anode for efficient transparent white organic light-emitting diodes (2015)

We report on the characteristics of enhanced and balanced white-light emission of transparent organic light emitting diodes (TOLEDs) by introducing anode that has a stack structure of ITO/metal/ITO (IMI). We have investigated an anode that has a stack structure of IMI. IMI anodes are typically composed of a thin Ag layer (∼15 nm) sandwiched between two ITO layers (∼50 nm). By inserting an Ag layer it was possible to achieve sheet resistance lower than 3 Ω/sq. and transmittance of 86% at a wavelength of 550 nm. The Ag insert can act as a reflective component. With its counterpart, a transparent cathode made of a thin Ag layer (∼15 nm), micro-cavities (MC) can be effectively induced in the OLED, leading to improved performance. Using an IMI anode, it was possible to significantly increase the current efficiencies. The current efficiencies of the top and the bottom of the IMI TOLED increased to 23.0 and 15.6 cd/A, respectively, while those of the white TOLED with the ITO anode were 20.7 and 5.1 cd/A, respectively. A 30% enhancement in the overall current efficiency was achieved by taking advantage of the MC effect and the low sheet resistance.
Laryngeal mucosa: Its susceptibility to damage by acid and pepsin (2010)

The subglottic mucosa was the most susceptible to damage and the posterior commissure the least. Laryngeal tissues are essentially resistant to damage at pH 4.0, but are damaged when pepsin is present. This suggests that in LPR, pH 4.0 or above refluxate would only be damaging if it contains pepsin.
New Protocol to Optimize iPS Cells for Genome Analysis of Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (2015)

Successful in vitro disease-recapitulation using patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) requires two fundamental technical issues: appropriate control cells and robust differentiation protocols. To investigate fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP), a rare genetic disease leading to extraskeletal bone formation through endochondral ossification, gene-corrected (rescued) iPSC clones (resFOP-iPSC) were generated from patient-derived iPSC (FOP-iPSC) as genetically matched controls, and the stepwise induction method of mesenchymal stromal cells (iMSCs) through neural crest cell (NCC) lineage was used to recapitulate the disease phenotype. FOP-iMSCs possessing enhanced chondrogenic ability were transcriptionally distinguishable from resFOP-iMSCs and activated the SMAD1/5/8 and SMAD2/3 pathways at steady state. Using this method, we identified MMP1 and PAI1 as genes responsible for accelerating the chondrogenesis of FOP-iMSCs. These data indicate that iMSCs through NCC lineage are useful for investigating the molecular mechanism of FOP and corresponding drug discovery.
Recirculating cryogenic hydrogen maser (1986)

We report on the design and initial testing of a new type of hydrogen maser, operated at dilution refrigerator temperatures, in which H atoms circulate back and forth between a microwave-pumped state selector and the maser cavity. Other novel design features include liquid${\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}^{4}$He-coated walls, He-cooled electronics, and the use of microscopic magnetic particles to relax the two lowest hyperfine levels in the state selector. Stabilities at least as good as that of a Rb clock and a high-stability quartz oscillator are observed for measuring times between 1 and 300 s.
Joint metal artifact reduction and segmentation of CT images using dictionary-based image prior and continuous-relaxed potts model (2015)

Segmenting interesting objects from CT images has a wide range of applications. However, to achieve good results, it is often necessary to apply metal artifact reduction to raw CT images before segmentation. While there has been a great deal of research focusing on metal artifact reduction and segmentation as individual tasks, there have been very few attempts to solve the two problems jointly. We present a novel approach to solve the problem of segmenting raw CT images with metal artifacts, without the access to the raw CT data. Given an approximate metal artifact mask, the problem is formulated as a joint optimization over the restored image and the segmentation label, and the cost function includes a dictionary-based image prior to regularize the restored image and a continuous-relaxed Potts model for multi-class segmentation. An effective alternating method is used to solve the resulting optimization problem. The algorithm is applied to both simulated and real datasets and results show that it is effective in reducing metal artifacts and generating better segmentations simultaneously.
COMPARISON OF PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF NEUTRALIZING ANTIBODY IN SERUM AND NASAL SECRETIONS IN EXPERIMENTAL RHINOVIRUS TYPE 13 ILLNESS (1969)

Perkins, J. C. (NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Md. 20014), D. N. Tucker, H.L.S. Knopf, R. P. Wenzel, A. Z. Kapikian and R. M. Chanock. Comparison of protective effect of neutralizing antibody in serum and nasal secretions in experimental rhinovirus type 13 illness. Amer. J. Epid., 1969, 90: 519–526.—An inactivated rhinovirus type 13 vaccine was administered to adult male volunteers by the intramuscular (IM) or intranasal (IN) route. When the men were challenged with approximately 100 TCD50 of type 13 virus, a significant protective effect was seen in individuals given vaccine IN, whereas the frequency with which illness developed in IM vaccinees did not differ from that of the seronegative controls. The volunteers who received the vaccine IN developed both serum and nasal secretory antibodies, while the volunteers who were vaccinated IM developed primarily a serum antibody response. When the response to challenge of the vaccinees was evaluated according to level of serum or nasal antibody, only nasal secretory antibody was associated with resistance to infection and illness.
Identification and Characterization of EST‐SSR Markers in Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis spp.) (2014)

ABSTRACT Cluster bean, or guar, [ Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub] is an important industrial crop. At present there are no marker resources or linkage maps available for this crop. Development of molecular markers is essential for accelerating genetic studies and breeding in guar. In the present study, mining of simple sequence repeat (SSR) sequences from 16,476 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) of guar was done using the microsatellite (MISA) identification tool. A total of 907 SSR‐containing sequences were identified. Flanking primers were designed for SSR‐containing sequences. Primers were selected on the basis of Tm, guanine‐cytosine (GC) content, and product length. A total of 362 pairs of primers were designed, out of which 224 were synthesized and used for assessment of amplification and polymorphism in five accessions of three Cyamopsis species. Out of 224 primer pairs, 187, 184, and 121 resulted in the amplification of SSR‐containing sequences producing reliable and reproducible DNA bands in C. tetragonoloba, C. serrata , and C. senegalensis , respectively. The analysis of the DNA bands revealed that 44 SSR markers were monomorphic in all the five accessions. Four SSR markers showed polymorphism in all three tested varieties of C. tetragonoloba . Our study gives the preliminary information on types, distribution, and frequencies of various SSRs present in the EST database of guar. The results provide the first set of 187 SSR markers for the guar research community.
Sample Ripening through Nanophase Separation Influences the Performance of Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2018)

Mixtures of water and glycerol provide popular matrices for low-temperature spectroscopy of vitrified samples. However, they involve counterintuitive physicochemical properties, such as spontaneous nanoscopic phase separations (NPS) in solutions that appear macroscopically homogeneous. We demonstrate that such phenomena can substantially influence the efficiency of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) by factors up to 20 % by causing fluctuations in local concentrations of polarization agents (radicals). Thus, a spontaneous NPS of water/glycerol mixtures that takes place on time scales on the order of 30-60 min results in a confinement of polarization agents in nanoscopic water-rich vesicles, which in return affects the DNP. Such effects were found for three common polarization agents, TEMPOL, AMUPol and Trityl.