gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and processing of lithium-loaded plastic scintillators on the kilogram scale (2023)

Plastic scintillators that can discriminate between gamma rays, fast neutrons, and thermal neutrons were synthesized and characterized while considering the balance between processing and performance at the kilogram scale. These trade-offs were necessitated by the inclusion of 0.1 wt. % lithium-6 to enable detection of thermal neutrons. The synthesis and processing of these plastic scintillators on the kilogram scale required consideration of many factors. First, a comonomer (methacrylic acid) was used to solubilize salts of lithium-6, which allow for a thermal-neutron capture reaction that produces scintillation light following energy transfer. Second, scintillation performance and processability were considered because the increasing content of the comonomer resulted in a sharp decrease in the light output. The use of small amounts of comonomer (less than or equal to 3 wt. %) resulted in better performance but required high processing temperatures. At large scales, these high temperatures could initiate an exothermic polymerization that results in premature curing and/or defects. The deleterious effects of the comonomer may be mitigated by using m-terphenyl as a primary dye rather than 2,5-diphenyloxazole (PPO), which has been traditionally used in organic scintillators. Finally, the curing environment was controlled to avoid defects like cracking and discoloration while maintaining solubility of dopants during curing. For scintillators that were produced from kilogram-scale batches of precursors, the effective attenuation of scintillation light was characterized.
Bone tissue response to BMP‐2 adsorbed on amorphous microporous silica implants (2012)

BMP-2 functionalized implant surfaces failed to stimulate bone regeneration and osseointegration.
Laser Beam Based ESD Defect Localization in ICs (2002)

Abstract The application of laser beam based techniques for ESD defect localization in silicon and gallium arsenide integrated circuits is studied. The Thermal Laser Stimulation technique (OBIRCH, TIVA) is shown to precisely localize electrostatic discharge (ESD) defects under low voltage and current consumption, thus avoiding device or defect degradation upon testing. It is also shown that nonbiased Thermal Laser Stimulation (SEI) tests can localize ESD defects in the silicon substrate. Physical analysis revealed that a thermocouple composed of molten silicon with crystalline silicon generated a Seebeck voltage sufficiently large to be detected. Finally, the pulsed Optical Beam Induced Current technique (OBIC) under no bias condition was evaluated and compared to both biased and nonbiased Thermal Laser Stimulation techniques. It proved to be complementary as it offers a different insight into the ESD induced degradation.
Engrailed homeoprotein secretion is a regulated process (2002)

Chicken Engrailed 2 homeoprotein is transported between cells in culture. This intercellular transfer is based on unconventional secretion and internalisation mechanisms: Engrailed 2 has access to vesicles but lacks a signal sequence for secretion and is internalised by a non-endocytic process. We show that phosphorylation of a serine-rich domain within Engrailed 2 by the protein kinase CK2 specifically inhibits Engrailed 2 secretion. The availability of the serine-rich domain to CK2 is highly increased when it is displaced from its normal position to the C terminus of Engrailed 2, leading to a constitutive blockage of Engrailed 2 intercellular transfer. This indicates that intercellular transfer of Engrailed 2 is a highly regulated process.
Sol–gel-derived transparent silica–(Gd,Pr)PO4 glass-ceramic narrow-band UVB phosphors (2018)

Silica-based monolithic transparent glass-ceramics containing (Gd,Pr)PO4 orthophosphate nanocrystals, prepared by a cosolvent-free sol-gel method, efficiently emit narrow-band ultraviolet B (UVB) photoluminescence (PL) at ∼313 nm from the 6P7/2 → 8S7/2 transition of Gd3+ ions upon excitation into the 4f-5d transition of Pr3+ ions. The formation of (Gd,Pr)PO4 nanocrystals as small as ∼5-10 nm facilitates energy transfer between rare-earth (RE) ions while avoiding optical loss by Rayleigh scattering. Unlike conventional phosphors, the aggregation of Gd3+ ions causes no concentration quenching, and the incorporation of inert RE ions to block energy transfer, such as La3+ and Y3+ ions, is unnecessary. A glass-ceramic with a Pr3+ ion fraction of 0.02 exhibited the maximum internal and external PL quantum efficiencies of ∼0.98 and ∼0.91, respectively, under excitation at 220 nm.
Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Promotes Growth in Zebrafish Larvae by Inducing IGF-1 Expression via GABAA and GABAB Receptors (2021)

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) primarily increases the release of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in neurons; moreover, it is responsible for the promotion of longitudinal growth in children and adolescents. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether exogenous GABA supplementation activates IGF-mediated growth performance. Zebrafish larvae treated with GABA at three days post fertilization (dpf) showed a significant increase in the total body length from 6 to 12 dpf through upregulation of growth-stimulating genes, including <i>IGF-1</i>, <i>growth hormone-1</i> (<i>GH-1</i>), <i>growth hormone receptor-1</i> (<i>GHR-1</i>), and <i>cholecystokinin A</i> (<i>CCKA</i>). In particular, at 9 dpf, GABA increased total body length from 3.60 ± 0.02 to 3.79 ± 0.03, 3.89 ± 0.02, and 3.92 ± 0.04 mm at concentrations of 6.25, 12.5, and 25 mM, and the effect of GABA at 25 mM was comparable to 4 mM β-glycerophosphate (GP)-treated larvae (3.98 ± 0.02 mm). Additionally, the highest concentration of GABA (50 mM) -induced death in 50% zebrafish larvae at 12 dpf. GABA also enhanced IGF-1 expression and secretion in preosteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells, concomitant with high levels of the <i>IGF-1 receptor</i> gene (<i>IGF-1R</i>). In zebrafish larvae, the GABA-induced growth rate was remarkably decreased in the presence of an IGF-1R inhibitor, picropodophyllin (PPP), which indicates that GABA-induced IGF-1 enhances growth rate via IGF-1R. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of GABA receptors on growth performance along with IGF-1 activation. Inhibitors of GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors, namely bicuculline and CGP 46381, respectively, considerably inhibited GABA-induced growth rate in zebrafish larvae accompanied by a marked decrease in the expression of growth-stimulating genes, including <i>IGF-1</i>, <i>GH-1</i>, <i>GHR-1</i>, and <i>CCKA</i>, but not with an inhibitor of GABA<sub>C</sub> receptor, TPMPA. Additionally, <i>IGF-1</i> and <i>IGF-1R</i> expression was impaired in bicuculline and CGP 46381-treated MC3T3-E1 cells, but not in the cells treated with TPMPA. Furthermore, treatment with bicuculline and CGP 46381 significantly downregulated GABA-induced IGF-1 release in MC3T3-E1 cells. These data indicate that GABA stimulates IGF-1 release via GABA<sub>A</sub> and GABA<sub>B</sub> receptors and leads to growth promotion performance via IGF-1R.
Convergence Analysis Of A Mixed Controlled $L_2-L_P$ Adaptive Algorithm (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Botulinum Toxin A Ameliorates Neuroinflammation in the MPTP and 6-OHDA-Induced Parkinson's Disease Models (2021)

Recently, increasing evidence suggests that neuroinflammation may be a critical factor in the development of Parkinson's disease (PD) in addition to the ratio of acetylcholine/dopamine because dopaminergic neurons are particularly vulnerable to inflammatory attack. In this study, we investigated whether botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT-A) was effective for the treatment of PD through its anti-neuroinflammatory effects and the modulation of acetylcholine and dopamine release. We found that BoNT-A ameliorated MPTP and 6-OHDA-induced PD progression, reduced acetylcholine release, levels of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α as well as GFAP expression, but enhanced dopamine release and tyrosine hydroxylase expression. These results indicated that BoNT-A had beneficial effects on MPTP or 6-OHDA-induced PD-like behavior impairments via its anti-neuroinflammation properties, recovering dopamine, and reducing acetylcholine release.
Polyelectrolytes self-assembly: versatile membrane fabrication strategy (2020)

Polyelectrolytes self-assembly is developing rapidly as a fascinating family of functional membrane fabrication strategies with the ability to modulate the architectures and physical–chemical characteristics of membranes at the molecular level.
Extinction ratio regeneration, signal re-amplification (2R), and broadband wavelength switching using a monolithically integrated photocurrent driven wavelength converter (2006)

Detailed wavelength conversion, extinction ratio regeneration, and signal re-amplification experiments are performed using a monolithically integrated, widely tunable photocurrent driven wavelength converter. A -3.5 dB power penalty is observed in bit error rate measurements at 2.5 Gb/s when the extinction ratio of an incoming signal is regenerated from 4 dB to 11 dB, and the input signal wavelength is switched from 1548 nm to an output wavelength range between 1533 nm and 1553 nm. When the input signal extinction ratio is regenerated from 4 to 11 dB, the wavelength converter provides facet to facet conversion gain of 5 dB, 7.7 dB, and 7.6 dB for conversion from 1548 nm to output wavelengths of 1533, 1545 nm, and 1553 nm.
Personal, closed-cycle cooling and protective apparatus and thermal battery therefor (2023)

A closed-cycle apparatus for cooling a living body includes a heat pickup body or garment which permits evaporation of an evaporating fluid, transmission of the vapor to a condenser, and return of the condensate to the heat pickup body. A thermal battery cooling source is provided for removing heat from the condenser. The apparatus requires no external power and provides a cooling system for soldiers, race car drivers, police officers, firefighters, bomb squad technicians, and other personnel who may utilize protective clothing to work in hostile environments. An additional shield layer may simultaneously provide protection from discomfort, illness or injury due to harmful atmospheres, projectiles, edged weapons, impacts, explosions, heat, poisons, microbes, corrosive agents, or radiation, while simultaneously removing body heat from the wearer.
Minimum Miscibility Pressure in Conventional and Unconventional Reservoirs (2013)

URTeC 1589572 Hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon gas injection are generally effective means to enhance oil recovery in conventional reservoirs. In unconventional oil reservoirs gas injection could also improve oil recovery, but it is not proven yet. A key design parameter in any gas injection project is the minimum miscibility pressure (MMP), which is the lowest pressure at which miscibility between the injected gas and reservoir oil is achieved when the interfacial tension between oil and gas vanishes. MMP is generally measured in the laboratory in sand-packed slim-tube flooding equipment, or in a rising bubble apparatus (RBA). In these experimental methods the gas and oil come in contact in a space sufficiently large enough to resemble the large pores in conventional reservoirs; and, such space confinement does not affect the conventional phase behavior. However, in unconventional oil reservoirs the small size of the pore space could significantly affect the thermodynamic phase behavior of contacted fluids because of capillary force and confinement effect on molecules. Hence, the slim tube and RBA measurements may not represent the in-situ MMP and, thus, may require correction. In this paper, we review experimental and numerical modeling methods of MMP determination and utilized the Multiple Mixing Cell (MMC) algorithm in our assessment. To account for the effect of capillary pressure and thermodynamic equilibrium in nanopores (hereafter, confined space), a critical property shift correlation was implemented in the conventional MMC algorithm for MMP determination. Two reservoir oil compositions (synthetic oil and Bakken oil) were used to determine their MMP with CO2 and a mixture of CO2 and CH4. Our results indicate that the MMP can be reduced by up to 600 psi for pore diameters less than 3 nm because of the critical property shift. On the other hand, capillary pressure does not significantly affect the MMP.
Building Storage Appliances for the Grid and Beyond (2001)

Current storage appliances have been traditionally designed to meet either the storage demands of a local or a wide area network. The grid is unique in that it escapes this limitation and allows users to share resources both within and between local area networks. However, this freedom creates many new challenges to storage appliances that would be used on the grid.
Supplementary Figure 6 from R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 6 from R428, a Selective Small Molecule Inhibitor of Axl Kinase, Blocks Tumor Spread and Prolongs Survival in Models of Metastatic Breast Cancer
Highly Enantioselective Co‐Catalytic Direct Aldol Reactions by Combination of Hydrogen‐Bond Donating and Acyclic Amino Acid Catalysts (2011)

Abstract Highly enantioselective co‐catalytic direct aldol reactions by a combination of simple hydrophobic acyclic amino acid and hydrogen‐bond donating catalysts are presented. The corresponding aldol products are formed in high yields with high regio‐, diastereo‐ ( anti or syn ) and enantioselectivity (up to 99.5:0.5 er ). The catalyst loadings can be decreased to as little as 2 mol%.
Contact residues and predicted structure of the reovirus type 3-receptor interaction (1991)

Sequence similarity between the reovirus type 3 hemagglutinin (HA3) and a anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody (87.92.6) has been shown to define the site of interaction with a neutralizing (idiotypic) monoclonal antibody (9B.G5) and the cellular receptor for the virus. A synthetic peptide (VL peptide) derived from the anti-idiotypic sequence inhibits viral binding to the receptor. In this study, variants of the VL peptide were utilized to probe specific amino acid residues involved in binding the neutralizing antibody and the receptor. These studies indicate that the--OH groups of several residues are involved in contacting the reovirus type 3 receptor, including Tyr49, Ser50, Ser52, and Thr53 in the anti-idiotypic sequence, corresponding to Tyr326, Ser327, Ser329, and Ser325 in HA3, respectively. In contrast, only Ser50 of the anti-idiotypic sequence, corresponding to Ser327 of HA3, significantly altered neutralizing antibody binding. Additional studies implicate sialic acid as a potential reovirus type 3 receptor on some cells. This includes inhibition of binding of reovirus type 3 and 87.92.6 to L cells by heavily sialylated glycoproteins. Sialic acid was therefore utilized as a candidate receptor to analyze potential interaction schemes with HA3/87.92.6. Sequence similarity to other immunoglobulin structures with similar sequences allowed modeling of the three-dimensional structure of these epitopes. These structures, in combination with peptide studies, allow the development of a model of the interaction of these epitopes with sialic acid, which serves as a reovirus type 3 receptor. These models reveal that similar amino acid residues and side-chain geometries may be utilized by the reovirus type 3 and influenza hemagglutinins in their interactions with cell-surface receptors.
<title>Advances in solid-state modelocked lasers: generation and amplification of sub-20-femtosecond pulses</title> (1993)

By optimizing the intracavity dispersion compensation in a self mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser, we have generated pulses of less than 11 fs in duration. Dispersion within the laser cavity can be reduced by using a short highly-doped Ti:sapphire crystal and a prism glass which reduces third-order dispersion. Amplifier design which reduce third order dispersion have also been tested, and we have demonstrated stretching an 11 fs pulse by a factor of 1000, followed by recompression of 20 fs pulse duration. Our results demonstrate that the exceptionally broad bandwidth of Ti:sapphire can be utilized to generate pulses shorter than has been possible with any other type of laser material to date.
Targeting BET Proteins BRD2 and BRD3 in Combination with PI3K-AKT Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Ovarian Clear Cell Carcinoma (2021)

Ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) is a rare, chemo-resistant subtype of ovarian cancer. To identify novel therapeutic targets and combination therapies for OCCC, we subjected a set of patient-derived ovarian cancer cell lines to arrayed high-throughput siRNA and drug screening. The results indicated OCCC cells are vulnerable to knockdown of epigenetic gene targets such as bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) proteins BRD2 and BRD3. Subsequent RNA interference assays, as well as BET inhibitor treatments, validated these BET proteins as potential therapeutic targets. Because development of resistance to single targeted agents is common, we next performed sensitizer drug screens to identify potential combination therapies with the BET inhibitor CPI0610. Several PI3K or AKT inhibitors were among the top drug combinations identified and subsequent work showed CPI0610 synergized with alpelisib or MK2206 by inducing p53-independent apoptosis. We further verified synergy between CPI0610 and PI3K-AKT pathway inhibitors alpelisib, MK2206, or ipatasertib in tumor organoids obtained directly from patients with OCCC. These findings indicate further preclinical evaluation of BET inhibitors, alone or in combination with PI3K-AKT inhibitors for OCCC, is warranted.
An Overview of the IEEE Standard C37.118.2—Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems (2014)

Synchrophasor Standards have evolved since the introduction of the first one, IEEE Standard 1344, in 1995. IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 introduced measurement accuracy under steady state conditions as well as interference rejection. In 2009, the IEEE started a joint project with IEC to harmonize real time communications in IEEE Standard C37.118-2005 with the IEC 61850 communication standard. These efforts led to the need to split the C37.118 into 2 different standards: IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011 that now includes performance of synchrophasors under dynamic systems conditions; and IEEE Standard C37.118.2-2011 Synchrophasor Data Transfer for Power Systems, the object of this paper.
Composite Cold Ceramic Geopolymer in a Refractory Application (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Geopolymer Chemistry Experimental Procedures Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgements
Analysis of the contact resistance in staggered, top-gate organic field-effect transistors (2007)

Contact resistance effects are significant in many organic field-effect transistors. Here, we present a detailed analysis of the contact resistance in staggered, top-gate conjugated polymer field-effect transistors. A compact physical model based on the current crowding formalism has been developed. It includes gate modulation of the bulk resistivity of the semiconductor to explain the experimentally observed gate voltage dependence of the contact resistance for different thicknesses of the semiconducting film. The contact resistance is found to be Ohmic. For thick semiconducting films, we have observed a significant asymmetry between source and drain contact resistances with the drain resistances increasing more rapidly with thickness than the source resistance, reflecting the importance of diffusion at the drain contact.
A repository of assays to quantify 10,000 human proteins by SWATH-MS (2014)

Mass spectrometry is the method of choice for deep and reliable exploration of the (human) proteome. Targeted mass spectrometry reliably detects and quantifies pre-determined sets of proteins in a complex biological matrix and is used in studies that rely on the quantitatively accurate and reproducible measurement of proteins across multiple samples. It requires the one-time, a priori generation of a specific measurement assay for each targeted protein. SWATH-MS is a mass spectrometric method that combines data-independent acquisition (DIA) and targeted data analysis and vastly extends the throughput of proteins that can be targeted in a sample compared to selected reaction monitoring (SRM). Here we present a compendium of highly specific assays covering more than 10,000 human proteins and enabling their targeted analysis in SWATH-MS datasets acquired from research or clinical specimens. This resource supports the confident detection and quantification of 50.9% of all human proteins annotated by UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot and is therefore expected to find wide application in basic and clinical research. Data are available via ProteomeXchange (PXD000953-954) and SWATHAtlas (SAL00016-35).
Mass spectrometry of fluorocarbon‐labeled glycosphingolipids (2010)

A method for generation of novel fluorocarbon derivatives of glycosphingolipids (GSLs) with high affinity for fluorocarbon phases has been developed, and their potential applications to mass spectrometry (MS)-based methodologies for glycosphingolipidomics have been investigated. Sphingolipid ceramide N-deacylase (SCDase) is used to remove the fatty acid from the ceramide moiety, after which a fluorocarbon-rich substituent (F-Tag) is incorporated at the free amine of the sphingoid. In initial trials, a neutral GSL, globotriaosylceramide (Gb(3)Cer), three purified bovine brain gangliosides, and four fungal glycosylinositol phosphorylceramides (GIPCs) were de-N-acylated, derivatized by prototype F-Tags, and recovered by solid phase extraction on fluorocarbon-derivatized silica (F-SPE). The efficacy of SCDase treatment of GIPCs was here demonstrated for the first time. Compatibility with subsequent per-N,O-methylation was established for the F-tagged Gb(3) Cer and purified gangliosides, and extensive mass spectra (MS(1) and MS(2)) consistent with all of the expected products were acquired. The potential use of F-tagged derivatives for a comprehensive MS based profiling application was then demonstrated on a crude ganglioside mixture extracted from bovine brain. Finally, a simple trial in microarray format demonstrated fixation of F-tagged G(M1) ganglioside to a fluorous glass surface, with the glycan intact and available for interaction with a fluorescent derivative of cholera toxin B chain. The methods described thus provide a new avenue for rapid GSL recovery or cleanup, potentially compatible with a variety of platforms for mass spectrometric profiling and structure analysis, as well as parallel analysis of functional interactions.
Electron Dose Measurement with Polycarbonate Film Dosimeter (1976)

Dosimetrical properties of polycarbonate film for high-level dosimetry of electrons have been examined. Polycartonate film of 0.1mm in thickness was chosen for this purpose. It can cover the dose range of 1.0-130 Mrad and the measurable range can be extended up to 200 Mrad by using calibration curve. The measurement error was within 3.5%. The radiation induced optical density at 330nm shows rapid initial fading of 7-l3n for one day after irradiation at room temperature and subsequent fading rate is very small, about 0.6% per day. The fading depends on the absorbed dose, storage temperature, and wavelengths. The effects of storage time and temperature during and after irradiation of this film are presented. For practical dosimetry, it is necessary to stabilize the induced optical density by storing the irradiated film for a day or by heat treatment at 10 for an hour.