gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advanced Casing Design With Finite-Element Model of Effective Dogleg Severity, Radial Displacements, and Bending Loads (2012)

Summary A purpose-built finite-element model (FEM) is applied to simulate radial displacement of a casing string constrained within an outer wellbore. The FEM represents a fully stiff-string model wherein the casing is approximated by general-beam elements with six degrees of freedom at each node to account for all possible physical displacements and rotations. Results predicted include deflection of the casing centerline from the wellbore centerline, effective dogleg curvature, bending deformation, wall-contact forces, and bending-stress magnification. These results will provide for a more-accurate assessment of well integrity in terms of casing-stress safety factors and centralization before cementing, as well as more accurate prediction of running loads during the drilling phase. In critical-well-casing design, accurate assumptions regarding bending stiffness may be necessary to avoid overly conservative as well as nonconservative analysis. Challenging finite high-pressure/ high-temperature (HP/HT) and extreme-temperature wells are opportunities for increased design efficiency by avoiding overly conservative and costly designs, which can be crucial. Alternatively, design for extreme loads such as overpull loads in long deviated wells may be nonconservative if severe bending stresses are not considered. A realistic case study is presented that demonstrates the possibility to achieve cost efficiency by means of optimized casing design. A case study also is presented in which a nonconservative design may result if severe bending loads are not modeled. The purpose-built FEM code is in many ways preferable to the use of commercial finite-element-analysis (FEA) packages because of the time-consuming effort required to build up the detailed model. In typical casing and tubular-stress design, a soft-string model assumes casing strings are coincident with the wellbore centerline. The known or assumed wellbore curvature is applied directly to the casing string. Any effect of casing-string stiffness and allowable radial displacement within the outer wellbore is ignored. In many cases, this results in an overly conservative analysis. Likewise, the impact of bending-stress magnification is typically ignored, along with the effects of centralizer placement. This may also be nonconservative for critical overpull situations, such as in extended-reach-drilling (ERD) and horizontal wells.
Double-crystal spectrometer for laboratory EXAFS spectroscopy (1988)

A double-crystal x-ray spectrometer designed for in-laboratory EXAFS (extended x-ray absorption fine structure) study is described. By the use of two curved crystals with different structure factors such as Ge(220) and Ge(111), reflections other than the desired order are virtually eliminated and monochromatic as well as intense x-ray flux can be obtained by applying higher voltage to the x-ray generator. As a result, data of very high quality can be collected in a short period by measuring the incident and the transmitted beam intensity simultaneously. It can cover a wide spectral range (7–26 keV) and is especially useful in the high-energy region, where the laboratory EXAFS system previously reported has some difficulties.
The Complete Amino Acid Sequence of Rat β2‐Microglobulin (1988)

The primary structure of rat beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2m) was determined. It is a polypeptide of 99 amino acids with the following sequence: IQKTPQIQVY SRHPPENGKP NFLNCYVSQF HPPQIEIELL KNGKKIPNIE MSDLSFSKDW SFYILAHTEF TPTETDVYAC RVKHVTLKEP KTVTWDRDM. The primary structure was determined by NH2-terminal sequence analysis together with sequence determination of one cyanogen bromide fragment and one tryptic peptide. Of other known beta 2m sequences, rat beta 2m is most homologous to mouse beta 2m (83% identity). The rabbit, human, and guinea pig sequences are more distant, with 24, 27, and 31% differences, respectively.
The NF90/NF45 Complex Participates in DNA Break Repair via Nonhomologous End Joining (2011)

Nuclear factor 90 (NF90), an RNA-binding protein implicated in the regulation of gene expression, exists as a heterodimeric complex with NF45. We previously reported that depletion of the NF90/NF45 complex results in a multinucleated phenotype. Time-lapse microscopy revealed that binucleated cells arise by incomplete abscission of progeny cells followed by fusion. Multinucleate cells arose through aberrant division of binucleated cells and displayed abnormal metaphase plates and anaphase chromatin bridges suggestive of DNA repair defects. NF90 and NF45 are known to interact with the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), which is involved in telomere maintenance and DNA repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ). We hypothesized that NF90 modulates the activity of DNA-PK. In an in vitro NHEJ assay system, DNA end joining was reduced by NF90/NF45 immunodepletion or by RNA digestion to an extent similar to that for catalytic subunit DNA-PKcs immunodepletion. In vivo, NF90/NF45-depleted cells displayed increased γ-histone 2A.X foci, indicative of an accumulation of double-strand DNA breaks (DSBs), and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation consistent with decreased DSB repair. Further, NF90/NF45 knockdown reduced end-joining activity in vivo. These results identify the NF90/NF45 complex as a regulator of DNA damage repair mediated by DNA-PK and suggest that structured RNA may modulate this process.
Autonomous Algorithms for Centralized and Distributed Interference\n Coordination: A Virtual Layer Based Approach (2013)

Interference mitigation techniques are essential for improving the\nperformance of interference limited wireless networks. In this paper, we\nintroduce novel interference mitigation schemes for wireless cellular networks\nwith space division multiple access (SDMA). The schemes are based on a virtual\nlayer that captures and simplifies the complicated interference situation in\nthe network and that is used for power control. We show how optimization in\nthis virtual layer generates gradually adapting power control settings that\nlead to autonomous interference minimization. Thereby, the granularity of\ncontrol ranges from controlling frequency sub-band power via controlling the\npower on a per-beam basis, to a granularity of only enforcing average power\nconstraints per beam. In conjunction with suitable short-term scheduling, our\nalgorithms gradually steer the network towards a higher utility. We use\nextensive system-level simulations to compare three distributed algorithms and\nevaluate their applicability for different user mobility assumptions. In\nparticular, it turns out that larger gains can be achieved by imposing average\npower constraints and allowing opportunistic scheduling instantaneously, rather\nthan controlling the power in a strict way. Furthermore, we introduce a\ncentralized algorithm, which directly solves the underlying optimization and\nshows fast convergence, as a performance benchmark for the distributed\nsolutions. Moreover, we investigate the deviation from global optimality by\ncomparing to a branch-and-bound-based solution.\n
Predictors of Acquired Lipodystrophy in Juvenile-Onset Dermatomyositis and a Gradient of Severity (2008)

We describe the clinical features of 28 patients with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) and 1 patient with adult-onset dermatomyositis (DM), all of whom developed lipodystrophy (LD) that could be categorized into 1 of 3 phenotypes, generalized, partial, or focal, based on the pattern of fat loss distribution. LD onset was often delayed, beginning a median of 4.6 years after diagnosis of DM. Calcinosis, muscle atrophy, joint contractures, and facial rash were DM disease features found to be associated with LD. Panniculitis was associated with focal lipoatrophy while the anti-p155 autoantibody, a newly described myositis-associated autoantibody, was more associated with generalized LD. Specific LD features such as acanthosis nigricans, hirsutism, fat redistribution, and steatosis/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis were frequent in patients with LD, in a gradient of frequency and severity among the 3 sub-phenotypes. Metabolic studies frequently revealed insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia in patients with generalized and partial LD. Regional fat loss from the thighs, with relative sparing of fat loss from the medial thighs, was more frequent in generalized than in partial LD and absent from DM patients without LD. Cytokine polymorphisms, the C3 nephritic factor, insulin receptor antibodies, and lamin mutations did not appear to play a pathogenic role in the development of LD in our patients. LD is an under-recognized sequela of JDM, and certain DM patients with a severe, prolonged clinical course and a high frequency of calcinosis appear to be at greater risk for the development of this complication. High-risk JDM patients should be screened for metabolic abnormalities, which are common in generalized and partial LD and result in much of the LD-associated morbidity. Further study is warranted to investigate the pathogenesis of acquired LD in patients with DM.
Festphasen‐basierte Synthese sequenzdefinierter T‐, i‐ und U‐Form‐Polymere für den pDNA‐ und siRNA‐Transfer (2011)

Künstliche Oligoethylenaminosäuren wurden zusammen mit natürlichen Aminosäuren und optional Fettsäuren zur Festphasen-basierten Synthese von Polymeren mit präziser Sequenz, Topologie und Modifikation eingesetzt. Erste Konzeptstudien demonstrieren das große Potenzial solcher Polymere in der Transfektion von pDNA und siRNA. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Insertion site of the locus of enterocyte effacement in enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli differs in relation to the clonal phylogeny of the strains (2006)

The locus of enterocyte effacement pathogenicity island confers the attaching and effacing histopathology on epithelial cells infected with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli. We investigated the site of insertion of the locus of enterocyte effacement in E. coli strains in relation to their evolution based on conservation of housekeeping proteins in these strains. The results indicate that the insertion site of the locus of enterocyte effacement varies according to the evolutionary lineage, suggesting that it has inserted at multiple times and sites during the evolution of these pathogens.
Analysis of a microelectromechanical system testing stage for tensile loading of nanostructures (2006)

A new analytical model is developed for interpreting tensile loading data on “templated carbon nanotubes” (T-CNTs, amorphous carbon nanotubes made by pyrolysis with the channels of nanopores in anodized alumina nanopore arrays) obtained with a microelectromechanical-system (MEMS)-based mechanical testing stage. It is found that the force output from the actuation unit of the testing stage depends on the stiffness of the force sensing beam and the nanostructure being loaded, as well as the power input. A superposition method is used to treat the mechanics of the device structure in the linear elasticity response regime. To our knowledge this is a new approach for solving the mechanical response of MEMS structures with variable force output and of the configuration described herein. An in situ mechanical testing of individual T-CNTs was undertaken in a scanning electron microscope (LEO1525) using a new device fabricated with integrated electrodes for controlled deposition of T-CNTs by electric-field guided assembly in a liquid. The T-CNT was subsequently tensile loaded to the point of fracture. The calculated modulus of the T-CNT using the new model based on the experimentally measured displacement of the moving platform with and without the T-CNT attached falls within the range expected for amorphous carbon. The new model corrects the treatment in a previously presented model [S. Lu et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 75, 2154 (2004)].
The physics of powder flow : Applied to pharmaceutical solids (2000)

Pharmaceutical scientists working in powder processing can benefit from the physics literature on studies of granular materials. This article summarizes some important findings relevant to vibration, mixing, milling, and characterization of pharmaceutical powders.
Long-Term Survivors of Early Breast Cancer Treated with Chemotherapy are Characterized by a Pro-Inflammatory Biomarker Profile Compared to Matched Controls (2020)

Breast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy ± radiotherapy show a distinct biomarker profile associated with mild cardiac dysfunction even 10 years after treatment. These results suggest that an ongoing pro-inflammatory state and activation of matrix metalloproteinases following initial treatment with chemotherapy might play a role in the observed cardiac dysfunction in late BC survivors.
Domain-inverted electro-optic polymeric waveguide beam deflector (1998)

A beam deflector has been designed and fabricated that uses a nonlinear-optical polymer. The device is composed of a cascade of polymeric electro-optic prisms formed within a planar waveguide of the same polymer system. A laser beam, to be deflected, is coupled into and out of the planar waveguide by cylindrical lenses. The light path of the laser beam within the planar waveguide is adjusted to pass through the successive prisms of the cascade, where the Gaussian transverse-mode profile is centered (initially) within each of the prisms. The index of refraction of each prism in the cascade, but not of the surrounding polymer, is modified by the electro-optic effect when a drive voltage is then applied. The application of a drive voltage thus causes the planar waveguide to function as a sequence of prisms that change the path of propagation of the beam through the planar waveguide. The collimated beam formed by the output cylindrical lens deflects. The extent of deflection is proportional to the amount of refractive-index change induced in the prism cascade. A uniform electrode structure can drive the electro- optic prism cascade, which should enable the device to operate at high speeds when traveling-wave driven.
Physicochemical Properties (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids: Melting Points and Phase Diagrams Viscosity and Density of Ionic Liquids Solubility and Solvation in Ionic Liquids Gas Solubilities in Ionic Liquids Polarity Electrochemical Properties of Ionic Liquids
Challenges and Issues Facing Lithium Metal for Solid State Rechargeable Batteries (2016)

Research on lithium metal combined with polymer electrolyte in lithium rechargeable batteries was started in 1979. Since that time, lithium battery research has expanded worldwide. Several new polymers, solid electrolytes and ionic liquids with improved conductivity were identified. These advances resulted from a better understanding of the major parameters controlling ion migration, such as favorable polymer structure, phase diagrams between solvating polymers and lithium salts, and the development of new lithium counter-anions. In spite of the progress so far, the quest for a highly conductive dry polymer at room temperature is still not available. However, effort is continuing, and all-lithium polymer battery (LPB) developers presently face the challenge of whether to heat the polymer electrolyte to enable high-power performance, as required for electric vehicles and energy storage. LPB developers have explored both the high-temperature and low-temperature options. The commercial use of lithium metal/polymer batteries has been delayed because of the adverse effects of dendrites on the surface of the lithium electrodes, and the difficulty in finding a polymer that has both the mechanical strength and ionic conductivity required in a solid electrolyte. However, recent strategies have emerged to overcome these difficulties, and now these batteries are currently an option for different applications, including electric cars. In this presentation, we review these strategies and discuss the different promising routes that should result in further progress on lithium metal/polymer batteries in the near future. This presentation also discusses the challenges and opportunities in developing thin lithium negative electrodes with stable SEI layers for three battery technologies using: All solid-state Li-sulfur batteries Rechargeable lithium batteries containing dry polymer and ionic liquid-polymer electrolytes 3. Li-air batteries. In addition, we will discuss the safety of lithium, dendrite mechanism, interface phenomena, side reactions, protection of lithium metal, and lithium alloys that are relevant to lithium batteries. Acknowledgement: The author thanks the SCE IREQ and LTE Shawinigan teams for helpful discussion.
Hydrodynamic benefit of impulsive bursting in a self-propelled flexible plate (2021)

The hydrodynamic benefit of impulsive bursting in a self-propelled flexible plate was explored using the penalty immersed boundary method. A self-propelled flexible plate was realized by enforcing a prescribed harmonic oscillation in the vertical direction but allowing the plate to move freely in the horizontal direction. In impulsive bursting, the motion trajectory in the first half of one locomotion period was not symmetric with that in the second half. Simulations with symmetric bursting were also performed for comparison, where the motion trajectory was symmetric in the first and second halves of one period. The underlying propulsion mechanism for impulsive bursting was analyzed by examining the phase of the heaving stroke. The elastic energy (Eb), x-direction kinetic energy (Ekx), and y-direction kinetic energy (Eky) were determined to characterize the energy transformation of the self-propelled flexible plate. Vortical structures and pressure distributions were visualized to elucidate the hydrodynamic benefit of impulsive bursting. The phenomenon of impulsive bursting suppressed plate deformation, and Eb was transferred to Ekx and Eky. A strong negative vortex was formed via impulsive bursting, which was beneficial to the enhancement of cruising speed. The effect of bending rigidity (ζ) on impulsive bursting was examined. The cruising speed of the plate with impulsive bursting was 10.7% greater than that with symmetric bursting.
Off-line monitoring of OSNR/CD/PMD degradation effects using neural-network-based training sequences (2008)

A technique using artificial neural networks to simultaneously identify OSNR, CD, and PMD from eye-diagram parameters is demonstrated both via simulation and experimentally in 40 Gb/s OOK and DPSK systems. A correlation coefficient of 0.99 is obtained for the testing data of both systems.
Photobiomodulation Therapy for Dementia: A Systematic Review of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Studies (2021)

The preliminary evidence of clinical benefit, the lack of any adverse effects, and the remarkable ease of use, suggest larger clinical trials should be conducted as soon as possible.
An exploration of large vocabulary tools for small vocabulary phonetic recognition (2009)

While research in large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) has sparked the development of many state of the art research ideas, research in this domain suffers from two main drawbacks. First, because of the large number of parameters and poorly labeled transcriptions, gaining insight into further improvements based on error analysis is very difficult. Second, LVCSR systems often take a significantly longer time to train and test new research ideas compared to small vocabulary tasks. A small vocabulary task like TIMIT provides a phonetically rich and hand-labeled corpus and offers a good test bed to study algorithmic improvements. However, oftentimes research ideas explored for small vocabulary tasks do not always provide gains on LVCSR systems. In this paper, we address these issues by taking the standard "recipe" used in typical LVCSR systems and applying it to the TIMIT phonetic recognition corpus, which provides a standard benchmark to compare methods. We find that at the speaker-independent (SI) level, our results offer comparable performance to other SI HMM systems. By taking advantage of speaker adaptation and discriminative training techniques commonly used in LVCSR systems, we achieve an error rate of 20%, the best results reported on the TIMIT task to date, moving us closer to the human reported phonetic recognition error rate of 15%. We propose the use of this system as the baseline for future research and believe that it will serve as a good framework to explore ideas that will carry over to LVCSR systems.
Eco-friendly Flame-Retardant Cellulose Nanofibril Aerogels by Incorporating Sodium Bicarbonate (2018)

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) aerogels offer excellent thermal insulation properties, but high flammability restricts their application. In this study, CNF aerogels were prepared by incorporating sodium bicarbonate (SBC), which effectively improved the fire retardancy without compromising the thermal conductivity of the aerogels, which was only 28 mW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup>. The minimum burning velocity of flame-retardant aerogels was 0.20 cm s<sup>-1</sup> at 40 wt % of SBC, which is significantly lower compared to 5.84 cm s<sup>-1</sup> of pure CNF aerogels. At the threshold concentration of 20 wt % SBC, the flame-retardant aerogel demonstrated flameless pyrolysis along with enhanced char formation. SBC additionally provides control over the microporosity and morphology, due to the concentration-dependent formation of lamellar layers during the preparation of aerogels. Overall, this work describes an efficient method for preparing flame-retardant CNF aerogels that could lay the foundation for next-generation bio-based insulation materials.
Properties of the Mengovirus and Poliovirus RNA Polymerases (1963)

The enzymatic machinery for the manufacture of the genetic material of virus particles has been partially characterized for DNA bacteriophages (Cohen, 1961), but the catalysts necessary for the replication of the nucleic acid of RNA viruses are less well understood. Until recently, it was postulated that the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase might serve this function via an intermediate DNA strand which carried the specificity of the viral RNA. As a corollary, the synthesis of the RNA of mammalian RNA viruses was thought to be nuclear. With the discovery that almost all RNA synthesis is cytoplasmic in cells infected with Mengovirus (Franklin and Rosner, 1962) and the further demonstration that this synthesis is not sensitive to actinomycin (Reich et al., 1962; Franklin and Baltimore, 1962), it became likely that a polymerization reaction independent of DNA was involved, namely, a cytoplasmic RNA-dependent RNA polymerization. Since all cellular RNA synthesis appears to be nuclear...