gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allopregnanolone involvement in feeding regulation, overeating and obesity (2017)

Obesity is strongly associated with ill health, primarily caused by consumption of excessive calories, and promoted (inter alia) by gamma-amino-butyric-acid (GABA) stimulating food intake by activating GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors (primarily with α3 and α2 subunits) in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. Allopregnanolone is a potent positive GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor modulating steroid (GAMS). As reviewed here, elevated allopregnanolone levels are associated with increases in food intake, preferences for energy-rich food, and obesity in humans and other mammals. In women with polycystic ovarian disease, high serum allopregnanolone concentrations are linked to uncontrolled eating, and perturbed sensitivity to allopregnanolone. Increases in weight during pregnancy also correlate with increases in allopregnanolone levels. Moreover, Prader-Willis syndrome is associated with massive overeating, absence of a GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor (with compensatory >12-, >5- and >1.5-fold increases in α4, γ2, and α1, α3 subunits), and increases in the α4, βx, δ receptor subtype, which is highly sensitive to allopregnanolone. GABA and positive GABA-A receptor modulating steroids like allopregnanolone stimulates food intake and weight gain.
Ras CAAX Peptidomimetic FTI-277 Selectively Blocks Oncogenic Ras Signaling by Inducing Cytoplasmic Accumulation of Inactive Ras-Raf Complexes (1995)

Ras-induced malignant transformation requires Ras farnesylation, a lipid posttranslational modification catalyzed by farnesyltransferase (FTase). Inhibitors of this enzyme have been shown to block Ras-dependent transformation, but the mechanism by which this occurs remains largely unknown. We have designed FTI-276, a peptide mimetic of the COOH-terminal Cys-Val-Ile-Met of K-Ras4B that inhibited potently FTase in vitro (IC50 = 500 pM) and was highly selective for FTase over geranylgeranyltransferase I (GGTase I) (IC50 = 50 nM). FTI-277, the methyl ester derivative of FTI-276, was extremely potent (IC50 = 100 nM) at inhibiting H-Ras, but not the geranylgeranylated Rap1A processing in whole cells. Treatment of H-Ras oncogene-transformed NIH 3T3 cells with FTI-277 blocked recruitment to the plasma membrane and subsequent activation of the serine/threonine kinase c-Raf-1 in cells transformed by farnesylated Ras (H-RasF), but not geranylgeranylated, Ras (H-RasGG). FTI-277 induced accumulation of cytoplasmic non-farnesylated H-Ras that was able to bind Raf and form cytoplasmic Ras/Raf complexes in which Raf kinase was not activated. Furthermore, FTI-277 blocked constitutive activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in H-RasF, but not H-RasGG, or Raf-transformed cells. FTI-277 also inhibited oncogenic K-Ras4B processing and constitutive activation of MAPK, but the concentrations required were 100-fold higher than those needed for H-Ras inhibition. The results demonstrate that FTI-277 blocks Ras oncogenic signaling by accumulating inactive Ras/Raf complexes in the cytoplasm, hence preventing constitutive activation of the MAPK cascade.
PMSM optimal parameters for a specification sheet including motor and generator operation (2010)

The aim of this paper is to find the optimal circuit parameters of a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) for an electric or hybrid traction application. The problematic is first introduced. The PMSM model is presented. A discussion about the optimization objectives is presented in order to withdraw the most relevant ones. A multi-objectives and multi-constraints optimization using a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is eventually implemented in order to find the parameters values that optimize the selected criteria while respecting the specification sheet constraints.
Myocardial Steatosis and Left Ventricular Contractile Dysfunction in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis (2013)

Pronounced myocardial steatosis is present in severe AS, regardless of symptoms, and is independently associated with the degree of LV strain impairment. Myocardial triglyceride content measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy correlates with histological quantification. Steatosis and strain impairment are reversible after aortic valve replacement. Our findings suggest a novel pathophysiological mechanism in AS, myocardial steatosis, which may be amenable to treatment, thus potentially delaying onset of LV dysfunction.
Fabrication of Human-Friendly Liquid Crystal Materials with α-Ionone (2019)

This report describes the preparation of lyotropic cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) with visible reflection by using two kinds of human-friendly materials. We adopted a cellulosic derivative as the main CLC component and α-ionone as the additive liquid. A cellulosic derivative possessing propionyl side chains was dissolved in α-ionone at the concentration between 66 wt% and 86 wt% for the formation of lyotropic CLCs. We confirmed that the visual appearance of lyotropic CLC phase shows iridescent feature such as visible Bragg reflection. The reflection peak wavelengths could be easily tuned not only by controlling the concentration of cellulosic derivative, but also by temperature. Moreover, it turned out that the refection wavelength is influenced by weight average molecular weights of the cellulosic derivatives used in lyotropic CLC mixtures. This report provides promising clues to fabricate environment- and human-friendly photonic devices by using cellulose and ionone.
Enhanced Magnetoresistance in Insulating Granular Systems: Evidence for Higher-Order Tunneling (1998)

We study the temperature and bias-voltage dependence of the magnetoresistance (MR) in insulating Co-Al-O granular films. The MR exhibits strong temperature dependence and is enhanced more than 20% at low temperatures, while it has no appreciable change in the bias-voltage dependence. The results provide clear evidence for the successive onset of higher-order processes of spin-dependent tunneling between large granules through intervening small ones with strong Coulomb blockade. The remarkable contrast between the temperature and bias-voltage dependence of the MR is consistently explained.
234 Effect of hydrogen and inclusions on the reliability of squeeze castings (2001)

Aluminum squeeze castings have been used as automobile or other machine parts. Because their defects were lower than the conventional die castings. Effect of hydrogen and inclusions in cast AC4CH alloy on the reliability of mechanical properties were investigated. After controlling the hydrogen content or the inclusion size, the molten alloy was cast into a cavity with 90 MPa. The hydrogen content increased by the addition of potetos into the molten alloy. The inclusion size was controlled by a stainless steel mesh, which was set at the gate in the cavity. In the as-cast material, the fracture elongation increased with the addition of hydrogen. Because the bubbles, which broke out when potatos added into the molten alloy, removed the inclusions from the molten alloy. The fracture elongation increased with a decrease in the inclusion size. But the reliability of fracture elongation, the shape parameter 'm' of Weibull distribusion, was hardly affected by the inclusion size.
High mobility high efficiency organic films based on pure organic materials (2023)

A method of purifying small molecule organic material, performed as a series of operations beginning with a first sample of the organic small molecule material. The first step is to purify the organic small molecule material by thermal gradient sublimation. The second step is to test the purity of at least one sample from the purified organic small molecule material by spectroscopy. The third step is to repeat the first through third steps on the purified small molecule material if the spectroscopic testing reveals any peaks exceeding a threshold percentage of a magnitude of a characteristic peak of a target organic small molecule. The steps are performed at least twice. The threshold percentage is at most 10%. Preferably the threshold percentage is 5% and more preferably 2%. The threshold percentage may be selected based on the spectra of past samples that achieved target performance characteristics in finished devices.
Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a novel biomarker for the prediction of autoimmune diabetes (2017)

Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed in peri-islet Schwann cells, as well as in glia cells, and has been reported to be an autoantigen candidate for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We confirmed that the production of the autoantibodies GFAP and glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) was increased and inversely correlated with the concentration of secreted C peptide in female nonobese diabetic mice (T1DM model). Importantly, the development of T1DM in female nonobese diabetic mice at 30 wk of age was predicted by the positive GFAP autoantibody titer at 17 wk. The production of GFAP and GAD65 autoantibodies was also increased in KK-A<sup>y</sup> mice [type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model]. In patients with diabetes mellitus, GFAP autoantibody levels were increased in patients with either T1DM or T2DM, and were significantly associated with GAD65 autoantibodies but not zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies. Furthermore, we identified a B-cell epitope of GFAP corresponding to the GFAP autoantibody in both mice and patients with diabetes. Thus, these results indicate that autoantibodies against GFAP could serve as a predictive marker for the development of overt autoimmune diabetes.-Pang, Z., Kushiyama, A., Sun, J., Kikuchi, T., Yamazaki, H., Iwamoto, Y., Koriyama, H., Yoshida, S., Shimamura, M., Higuchi, M., Kawano, T., Takami, Y., Rakugi, H., Morishita, R., Nakagumi, H. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is a novel biomarker for the prediction of autoimmune diabetes.
Enhanced High Harmonic Generation from Ions using a Capillary Discharge (2006)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text T. Popmintchev, B. Reagan, D. M. Gaudiosi, M. Grisham, M. Berrill, O. Cohen, B. C. Walker, M. M. Murnane, H. C. Kapteyn, and J. J. Rocca, "Enhanced High Harmonic Generation from Ions using a Capillary Discharge," in 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper MD5. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Stimulation of rat B‐lymphocyte proliferation by corticotropin‐releasing factor (1989)

The mitogenic effect of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) on rat lymphocytes was investigated. When rat splenocytes were cultured for 48 hr with CFR, a dose-dependent increase in incorporation of 3H-thymidine (3H-Tdr) was observed, with a maximal response at 10 nM CRF. Comparison of the proliferative effect of CRF on enriched populations of B lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, or macrophages revealed that only B lymphocytes responded following treatment with CRF. When lymphocytes derived from different lymphoid tissues were compared, CRF had a greater proliferative effect on lymphocytes derived from gut-associated lymphoid tissue (mesenteric lymph nodes and Peyer's patches) than on lymphocytes from spleen or inguinal lymph nodes; CRF had no effect on thymocytes. Synthetic fragments of CRF were used to determine which portions of the peptide are recognized by lymphocytes. The C-terminal fragments alpha-helical CRF9-41 and CRF21-41 were as potent as native CRF in stimulating B-lymphocyte proliferation, whereas CRF1-20 did not stimulate proliferation. The activity of these peptides suggests that CRF stimulates lymphocyte proliferation by cellular recognition of structural determinants in the C-terminal one-half of the peptide.
VISUALIZATION FROM INTRAOPERATIVE SWEPT-SOURCE MICROSCOPE-INTEGRATED OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN VITRECTOMY FOR COMPLICATIONS OF PROLIFERATIVE DIABETIC RETINOPATHY (2018)

Swept-source microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography can provide important guidance during surgery for proliferative diabetic retinopathy complications through intraoperative identification of different complications and facilitation of intraoperative decision making.
Minimum Cost Constrained Input-Output and Control Configuration Co-Design Problem: A Structural Systems Approach (2015)

In this paper, we study the minimal cost constrained input-output (I/O) and control configuration co-design problem. Given a linear time-invariant plant, where a collection of possible inputs and outputs is known a priori, we aim to determine the collection of inputs, outputs and communication among them incurring in the minimum cost, such that desired control performance, measured in terms of arbitrary pole-placement capability of the closed-loop system, is ensured. We show that this problem is NP-hard in general (in the size of the state space). However, the subclass of problems, in which the dynamic matrix is irreducible, is shown to be polynomially solvable and the corresponding algorithm is presented. In addition, under the same assumption, the same algorithm can be used to solve the minimal cost constrained I/O selection problem, and the minimal cost control configuration selection problem, individually. In order to illustrate the main results of this paper, some simulations are also provided.
Accelerating Computational Fluid Dynamics on the IBM Blue Gene/P Supercomputer (2010)

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an increasingly important application domain for computational scientists. In this paper, we propose and analyze optimizations necessary to run CFD simulations consisting of multi-billion-cell mesh models on large processor systems. Our investigation leverages the general industrial Navier-Stokes open-source CFD application, Code_Saturne, developed by Electricité de France (EDF). Our work considers emerging processor features such as many-core, Symmetric Multi-threading (SMT), Single Instruction Multiple Data (SIMD), Transactional Memory, and Thread Level Speculation. Initially, we have targeted per-node performance improvements by reconstructing the code and data layouts to optimally use multiple threads. We present a general loop transformation that will enable the compiler to generate OpenMP threads effectively with minimal impact to overall code structure. A renumbering scheme for mesh faces is proposed to enhance thread-level parallelism and generally improve data locality. Performance results on IBM Blue Gene/P supercomputer and Intel Xeon Westmere cluster are included.
Characterization of the transient behavior of a MESFET (1994)

ABSTRACT: Modeling and parameter extraction -- Characterization of the MESFET -- Dc measurements -- Pulsed I-V measurements -- Pulsed RF measurements.
Corneal Cryopreservation Using Glycerylphosphorylcholine-Enriched Medium (2019)

This study demonstrates a cryoprotective effect of corneas preserved in K-Sol containing the phosphodiester GPC at subzero-degree temperatures. In corneas immersed in preservation medium containing GPC, a higher degree of transparency is maintained and a lesser degree of histopathologic changes is observed with storage at both -8°C and in liquid nitrogen.
Differential ex vivo activity of bortezomib in newly diagnosed paediatric acute lymphoblastic and myeloblastic leukaemia. (2010)

The proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, is known to be effective in the therapy of various neoplasms. The objective of this study was the analysis of the ex vivo activity of bortezomib in paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL), in comparison to paediatric acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). A total of 159 patients entered the study, including 106 ALL (including 86 precursor-B-cell ALL, and 20 T-cell ALL) and 53 AML children. The ex vivo sensitivity to bortezomib and 16 other drugs was studied by MTT assay. Paediatric AML samples were more resistant than paediatric ALL samples to most of the tested drugs, except for cytarabine and thioguanine. With respect to immunophenotype, ex vivo drug resistance in T-cell ALL (T-ALL) was higher for most of the drugs. No differences in drug resistance between T-ALL and common/pre-B-cell-ALL were found for daunorubicin, mitoxantrone and 6-thioguanine. Bortezomib was the only compound which was more active in T-ALL than in common/pre-B-ALL paediatric samples. In conclusion, bortezomib had good ex vivo activity in paediatric T-ALL samples.
Abstract B2: Delineating the metabolic pathway to DHT in castration-resistant prostate cancer (2012)

Abstract After an initial response to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) by depletion of gonadal testosterone, re-fueling androgen receptor in metastatic tumors is a critical mechanism required to drive castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) progression. Testosterone (T) is generally regarded as an obligate precursor for dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis from adrenal precursors in CRPC and the up-regulation of steroid-5α-reductase isoenzyme-1 (SRD5A1) over SRD5A2 in CRPC is thought to convert T to DHT. Our recent findings demonstrated that an alternative pathway, namely androstenedione (AD) → 5α-androstanedione (5α-dione) → DHT, is dominant in CRPC. In this alternative pathway, AD prevails over T as a preferred substrate for 5α-reduction in CPRC. In particular, SRD5A1-mediated conversion of AD to 5α-dione is a prerequisite for converting adrenal steroids to DHT and for CRPC growth in mouse xenograft models. How 5α-dione is processed in CRPC is unknown. There are two possible routes from 5α-dione to DHT in the alternative pathway. The first route is direct 17-ketoreduction of 5α-dione by 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-3 (17βHSD3) or 17βHSD5 (also known as aldo-keto reductase family 1, member C3, AKR1C3), both of which are up-regulated in CRPC progression. The second route is through a circuitous pathway, which requires 3-keto-reduction to 3α-hydroxyl, prior to 17-keto-reduction, namely 5α-dione → androsterone (AST) → 5α-androstane- 3α,17β-diol (Adiol) → DHT. Here, we show that ectopic expression of HSD17B5 in 293T cells efficiently converts 5α-dione to DHT, whereas AKR1C2 robustly catalyzes 5α-dione to AST and ultimately to DHT. This suggests that metabolism of 5α-dione may be determined by the relative expression and enzymatic activities of AKR1C3 and AKR1C2. These findings offer insights into the synthesis of DHT in CRPC and for the development of new therapeutic strategies. Citation Format: Kai-Hsiung Chang, Amy Li, Nima Sharifi. Delineating the metabolic pathway to DHT in castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Prostate Cancer Research; 2012 Feb 6-9; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(4 Suppl):Abstract nr B2.
Discovering the hidden structure of complex dynamic systems (1999)

Dynamic Bayesian networks provide a compact and natural representation for complex dynamic systems. However, in many cases, there is no expert available from whom a model can be elicited. Learning provides an alternative approach for constructing models of dynamic systems. In this paper, we address some of the crucial computational aspects of learning the structure of dynamic systems, particularly those where some relevant variables are partially observed or even entirely unknown. Our approach is based on the Structural Expectation Maximization (SEM) algorithm. The main computational cost of the SEM algorithm is the gathering of expected sufficient statistics. We propose a novel approximation scheme that allows these sufficient statistics to be computed efficiently. We also investigate the fundamental problem of discovering the existence of hidden variables without exhaustive and expensive search. Our approach is based on the observation that, in dynamic systems, ignoring a hidden var...
Experimental Demonstration of a 400-Gbit/s Free Space Optical Link Using Multiple Orbital-Angular-Momentum Beams with Higher Order Radial Indices (2015)

We report a transmission of 400 Gbit/s signal over a four channels, 1-meter mode-division-multiplexed free space optical communication link using multiple orbital-angular-momentum beams with non-zero radial indices, achieving a power penalty less than 6 dB.
Effects of hyperthermia on survival and progression of Chinese hamster ovary cells. (1978)

Abstract In general, the survival of Chinese hamster ovary cells exposed to hyperthermic temperatures of 42.5–46.0° decreases exponentially as a function of duration of heat exposure in a manner quite similar to survival as a function of radiation dose. The data indicate that above 43° a 1° change in temperature requires a 2-fold change in time to achieve the same degree of killing, whereas below 43° the same 2-fold change in time requires only a 0.5° change in temperature for the same effect. An Arrhenius-type plot of the logarithm of the rate of killing as a function of reciprocal temperature exhibits linearity with a change in slope at 43°. This change in slope suggests either a change in the mechanism of cell killing below this temperature or a manifestation of thermal tolerance that is readily observed when the duration of heating exceeds 4 to 5 hr. Thermotolerance to 45.5°, as evidenced by a 3- to 4-fold increase in D0, is observed in synchronous G1 cells exposed to heat 20 hr after an initial heat dose. This thermotolerance develops, although no progression of cells into S phase occurs during this period. In addition, thermotolerance develops in both asynchronous and synchronous G1 cells exposed to single heat doses between 41.5 and 42.5° for periods exceeding 4 to 5 hr, i.e., survival decreases exponentially as a function of duration of heating up to 4 to 5 hr, after which survival decreases very little. At 42.0–42.5°, survival is extremely sensitive to changes in temperature, with as much as a 10-fold difference in survival for a 0.1° difference in temperature with heat exposures greater than 4 hr. The above data indicate the importance of careful treatment design and precise temperature control if hyperthermia is to be used for cancer therapy. No progression of synchronous G1 cells into S phase is observed for cells continuously exposed to temperatures of 42.0° and above. However, computer simulation of sequential DNA histograms from flow cytometry of synchronous cells continuously exposed to 41.5° indicates that cell cycle delays of 5.4 and 2.4 hr for G1 and S, respectively, occurred for cells for which exposure began in G1, and delays of 0.5 and 5.4 hr for S and G2 plus mitosis, respectively, occurred for cells for which exposure began in late S. Normal cell cycle phase transit times for G1, S, and G2 plus mitosis are 4.3, 7.1, and 2.4 hr, respectively. In addition, mitotic indices and increases in cell number of asynchronous populations of cells continuously exposed to 41.5° indicate that entry into mitosis is delayed for approximately 2 hr. Following this delay, cells begin to enter mitosis and accumulate from 2 to 6 hr in metaphase; after about 6 hr, they begin to progress into G1. However, comparison of flow cytometry data and mitotic index data suggests that during the initial 6 hr of heating, the majority of cells accumulating in G2 plus mitosis are actually delayed in G2.
Air Pressure–Induced Iridocornea Contact in a Patient With Primary Angle Closure Observed With a Dynamic Scheimpflug Analyzer (2015)

Although we observed only 1 case and there could be limitations in its interpretation, IOP measurements using a noncontact tonometer may create mechanical stress on the corneal endothelium in eyes with PAC with a very shallow anterior chamber.