gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Naphthalene Diimide Covalent Organic Framework: Comparison of Cathode Performance in Lithium-Ion Batteries with Amorphous Cross-linked and Linear Analogues, and Its Use in Aqueous Lithium-Ion Batteries (2021)

We report a two-dimensional (2D) imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) containing naphthalene diimide (NDI) redox groups, TAPB-NDI COF. Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with TAPB-NDI COF-based electrodes exhibited >95% of their theoretical capacity at a C/20 charge/discharge rate, among the highest faradaic efficiency of a NDI-COF electrode. The pores of TAPB-NDI COF are among the largest reported and presumably facilitate efficient Li+ ion transport. An amorphous cross-linked network (TAPB-NDI Amp) and a linear polymer (PD-NDI Lp) with similar chemical structures demonstrated lower capacities than the COF at C/20 current rate. However, PD-NDI Lp exhibited an overall higher gravimetric capacity and superior specific capacity retention at higher discharge rates compared to the TAPB-NDI COF. The COF is stable in neutral aqueous solutions, allowing its use as an electrode in neutral aqueous LIBs, which exhibited better rate performances than those in coin-cell set ups. Importantly, the cathodes did not suffer from a competitive hydrogen evolution reaction in aqueous LIBs. This opens up opportunities for using NDI moieties in neutral aqueous batteries and other energy-storage devices. Aqueous devices have been largely limited to “quinone–hydroquinone”-based redox couples, which are, however, operable only in acidic media.
Repeat-Associated Fission Yeast-Like Regional Centromeres in the Ascomycetous Budding Yeast Candida tropicalis (2016)

The centromere, on which kinetochore proteins assemble, ensures precise chromosome segregation. Centromeres are largely specified by the histone H3 variant CENP-A (also known as Cse4 in yeasts). Structurally, centromere DNA sequences are highly diverse in nature. However, the evolutionary consequence of these structural diversities on de novo CENP-A chromatin formation remains elusive. Here, we report the identification of centromeres, as the binding sites of four evolutionarily conserved kinetochore proteins, in the human pathogenic budding yeast Candida tropicalis. Each of the seven centromeres comprises a 2 to 5 kb non-repetitive mid core flanked by 2 to 5 kb inverted repeats. The repeat-associated centromeres of C. tropicalis all share a high degree of sequence conservation with each other and are strikingly diverged from the unique and mostly non-repetitive centromeres of related Candida species--Candida albicans, Candida dubliniensis, and Candida lusitaniae. Using a plasmid-based assay, we further demonstrate that pericentric inverted repeats and the underlying DNA sequence provide a structural determinant in CENP-A recruitment in C. tropicalis, as opposed to epigenetically regulated CENP-A loading at centromeres in C. albicans. Thus, the centromere structure and its influence on de novo CENP-A recruitment has been significantly rewired in closely related Candida species. Strikingly, the centromere structural properties along with role of pericentric repeats in de novo CENP-A loading in C. tropicalis are more reminiscent to those of the distantly related fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Taken together, we demonstrate, for the first time, fission yeast-like repeat-associated centromeres in an ascomycetous budding yeast.
Product-level reliability estimator with budget-based reliability management in 16nm technology (2017)

We have developed Product-Level Reliability Estimator (PLRE) with budget-based reliability management in 16nm technology. Using EDA tools, the risk of TDDB and EM are estimated from design stage for each design block. They are used to estimate Cumulative Failure Rate (CFR) of the product on various use conditions. Local thermal effects are considered from the design stage for the impact on TDDB and EM. Temperature gradient was considered to correctly estimate block-level reliability risk. EM is the most critical mechanism with thermal effects and thus careful estimation of EM risk is an important task for product reliability.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Salicylihalamide (I). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Software Framework for Automated Behavioral Modeling of Electronic Devices [Application Notes] (2012)

Behavioral models such as macromodels, surrogate models, metamodels, and response surface models have many applications in diverse research domains such as aerodynamics [1], hydrology [2], mechanical engineering [3], and many more. When considering the design flow of electronic devices, these models are often used to characterize the time- or frequency- dependent behavior of an electronic component while taking all electromagnetic (EM) phenomena into account: crosstalk, attenuation, dispersion, and coupling effects for example [4]. Such models are of crucial importance for efficient design space exploration, design optimization, and sensitivity analysis [5], [6]. A key advantage is that they are calculated independently of the device's physics and that they are valid for over a wide range of design variables, taking into account multiple geometrical layout or substrate features. Additionally, the models can easily be linked together in a model cascade.
Split-Treatment Analysis to Rank Heterogeneous Causal Effects for Prospective Interventions (2021)

For many kinds of interventions, such as a new advertisement, marketing intervention, or feature recommendation, it is important to target a specific subset of people for maximizing its benefits at minimum cost or potential harm. However, a key challenge is that no data is available about the effect of such a prospective intervention since it has not been deployed yet. In this work, we propose a split-treatment analysis that ranks the individuals most likely to be positively affected by a prospective intervention using past observational data. Unlike standard causal inference methods, the split-treatment method does not need any observations of the target treatments themselves. Instead it relies on observations of a proxy treatment that is caused by the target treatment. Under reasonable assumptions, we show that the ranking of heterogeneous causal effect based on the proxy treatment is the same as the ranking based on the target treatment's effect. In the absence of any interventional data for cross-validation, Split-Treatment uses sensitivity analyses for unobserved confounding to eliminate unreliable models. We apply Split-Treatment to simulated data and a large-scale, real-world targeting task and validate our discovered rankings via a randomized experiment for the latter.
Development of a pharmaceutical cocrystal of a monophosphate salt with phosphoric acid (2006)

We report the first case of a pharmaceutical cocrystal formed between an inorganic acid and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API), which enabled us to develop a stable crystalline and bioavailable solid dosage form for pharmaceutical development where otherwise only unstable amorphous free form or salts could have been used.
Arachidonic Acid Release from Mammalian Cells Transfected with Human Groups IIA and X Secreted Phospholipase A 2 Occurs Predominantly during the Secretory Process and with the (2004)

Stable expression of human groups IIA and X secreted phospholipases A2 (hGIIA and hGX) in CHO-K1 and HEK293 cells leads to serum- and interleukin-1-promoted arachidonate release. Using mutant CHO-K1 cell lines, it is shown that this arachidonate release does not require heparan sulfate proteoglycan- or glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. It is shown that the potent secreted phospholipase A2 inhibitor Me-Indoxam is cell-impermeable. By use of Me-Indoxam and the cellimpermeable, secreted phospholipase A2 trapping agent heparin, it is shown that hGIIA liberates free arachidonate prior to secretion from the cell. With hGX-transfected CHO-K1 cells, arachidonate release occurs before and after enzyme secretion, whereas all of the arachidonate release from HEK293 cells occurs prior to enzyme secretion. Immunocytochemical studies by confocal laser and electron microscopies show localization of hGIIA to the cell surface and Golgi compartment. Additional results show that the interleukin-1-dependent release of arachidonate is promoted by secreted phospholipase A2 expression and is completely dependent on cytosolic (group IVA) phospholipase A2. These results along with additional data resolve the paradox that efficient arachidonic acid release occurs with hGIIAtransfected cells, and yet exogenously added hGIIA is poorly able to liberate arachidonic acid from mammalian cells.
Synthesis of emotional expressions specific to facial structure (2012)

Imposing expressions on expression-neutral human face images is an interesting application of human-computer-interaction, animation, entertainment and other such fields. The objective of this paper is to impose one of the six prototypic emotional expressions i.e., Joy, Surprise, Disgust, Fear, Anger and Sorrow to a given expression-neutral face image. For this, we first establish individual models for each of the six prototypic expressions. This model is independent of the shape and texture i.e., identity of the subjects in the training video sequences. Given an intensity of a particular expression, we find the changes in the shape and texture due to a particular expression from the derived models. These changes are added to the automatically annotated test image on which the expression is to be imposed. The major contributions of the paper are: (1) Developing a method for finding facial structure specific changes of a subject for imposing a particular expression and (2) Establishing a nonlinear relationship between the expression intensity and the corresponding facial changes. The experimental results show that the proposed method is better compared to another related method. The proposal is also good at preserving the identity of the subject while imposing a given expression on the expression-neutral face image.
64QAM modulator with a hybrid configuration of silica PLCs and LiNbO 3 phase modulators for 100-Gb/s applications (2009)

We demonstrate an optical 64QAM modulator operating at 60 Gb/s (with single polarization). Asymmetric couplers and an array of 12 high-speed phase modulators are integrated with a hybrid configuration of silica PLCs and LiNbO 3 phase modulators.
AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (2011)

Abstract We demonstrate AlGaN/GaN heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (NH 3 MBE). The several benefits offered by NH 3 MBE for the growth of GaN based vertical electronic devices are discussed. To obtain good ohmic contacts to the base layer, devices were fabricated with two different processes involving regrowths – regrown base contact (Wafer A) and regrown emitter (Wafer B). Devices on Wafers A and B had similar DC performance. Common emitter (CE) operation with a peak collector current density, J C &gt; 1 kA/cm 2 was obtained from devices on both wafers. In CE operation, a current gain ( β ) of 1.5–3 is observed in devices on both wafers. High base resistance is found to limit the current gain in CE operation, by limiting the base‐emitter bias voltage in the active region of the device. Maximum β values observed from Gummel plots at a fixed base‐collector (BC) bias of zero volts, are β ∼ 15 at J C = 0.88 kA/cm 2 for Wafer A and β ∼13.5 at J C = 3 kA/cm 2 for Wafer B. In devices on both wafers, variation is observed in the plots of β versus I C (collector current) for devices with the same emitter dimensions and geometry but with different lateral spacing between emitter mesa and base contacts ( W EB ). Peak β obtained is also observed to vary with W EB . An explanation is provided for the observed behaviour. This work demonstrates the potential of NH 3 MBE for the growth of GaN HBTs.
Measurement of jet fragmentation into charged particles in pp and PbPb collisions at $ \sqrt{{{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}}} = 2.76 $ TeV (2012)

A bstract Jet fragmentation in pp and PbPb collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 2.76 TeV per nucleon pair was studied using data collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. Fragmentation functions are constructed using charged-particle tracks with transverse momenta p T &gt; 4 GeV/ c for dijet events with a leading jet of p T &gt; 100 GeV/ c . The fragmentation functions in PbPb events are compared to those in pp data as a function of collision centrality, as well as dijet- p T imbalance. Special emphasis is placed on the most central PbPb events including dijets with unbalanced momentum, indicative of energy loss of the hard scattered parent partons. The fragmentation patterns for both the leading and subleading jets in PbPb collisions agree with those seen in pp data at 2.76 TeV. The results provide evidence that, despite the large parton energy loss observed in PbPb collisions, the partition of the remaining momentum within the jet cone into high- p T particles is not strongly modified in comparison to that observed for jets in vacuum.
The Breadth of the Neutralizing Antibody Response to Original SARS-CoV-2 Infection is Linked to the Presence of Long COVID Symptoms (2023)

Our findings suggest that relationships between various immune responses and LC are likely complex but may involve the breadth of antibody neutralization responses.
Evidence for an Additive Neurorestorative Effect of Simultaneously Administered CDNF and GDNF in Hemiparkinsonian Rats: Implications for Different Mechanism of Action (2017)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with a progressive loss of dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) and the accumulation of intracellular inclusions containing α-synuclein. Current therapies do not stop the progression of the disease, and the efficacy of these treatments wanes over time. Neurotrophic factors (NTFs) are naturally occurring proteins promoting the survival and differentiation of neurons and the maintenance of neuronal contacts. CDNF (cerebral dopamine NTF) and GDNF (glial cell line-derived NTF) are able to protect DAergic neurons against toxin-induced degeneration in experimental models of PD. Here, we report an additive neurorestorative effect of coadministration of CDNF and GDNF in the unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesion model of PD in rats. NTFs were given into the striatum four weeks after unilateral intrastriatal injection of 6-OHDA (20 µg). Amphetamine-induced (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) rotational behavior was measured every two weeks. Number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cells from SN pars compacta (SNpc) and density of TH-positive fibers in the striatum were analyzed at 12 weeks after lesion. CDNF and GDNF alone restored the DAergic function, and one specific dose combination had an additive effect: CDNF (2.5µg) and GDNF (1µg) coadministration led to a stronger trophic effect relative to either of the single treatments alone. The additive effect may indicate different mechanism of action for the NTFs. Indeed, both NTFs activated the survival promoting PI3 kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway, but only CDNF decreased the expression level of tested endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress markers ATF6, glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), and phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α subunit (eIF2α).
IL-8 Reduced Tumorigenicity of Human Ovarian Cancer In Vivo Due to Neutrophil Infiltration (2000)

Paclitaxel is a frontline therapy for ovarian cancer. Our laboratory has shown that paclitaxel induces IL-8, a member of the C-X-C family of chemokines, in subsets of human ovarian cancer cells. However, the critical issue concerns the biological significance of this chemokine in human ovarian cancer. To study the influence of IL-8 on tumor growth, human ovarian cancer cell lines were transfected with an expression vector for human IL-8 and tested for their ability to form tumors in nude mice. IL-8 expression by the transfected cells did not alter their growth properties in vitro. In contrast, tumor growth in vivo was significantly attenuated in animals receiving IL-8-expressing cells when compared with mice injected with control cells. As additional evidence that IL-8 is a crucial factor in tumor growth, it was noted that ovarian cell lines in which constitutive IL-8 expression is elevated did not form tumors. Injection of neutralizing Ab to IL-8 reverted the phenotype and caused tumor growth in vivo. Examination of tissue from the inoculation site revealed a dramatically elevated cellularity, containing neutrophils and macrophages, in mice receiving IL-8-expressing tumor cells. These results suggest that IL-8 production by human ovarian tumor cells can play a role in reducing the rate of tumor growth; this effect may be mediated by the increased targeting of neutrophil and other mononuclear cells to the tumor injection site. These studies indicate a role for IL-8 in ovarian cancer control and suggest that chemotherapy-induced IL-8 may have a positive role in controlling tumor growth.
Evolving Markov chain models of driving conditions using onboard learning (2013)

This paper describes simple and suitable for real-time implementation algorithms for on-board learning of Markov Chain models of driving conditions (e.g., driver wheel torque request, vehicle speed, surrounding traffic speed, road grade, road curvature etc.). The use of Kullback-Liebler (KL) divergence is proposed as a stopping and re-initialization criterion for learning, permitting an evolving set of Markov Chain models to be generated for different route segments. Examples based on learning models of road grade and vehicle speed are reported. Assuming that a set of learned Markov Chain models and of associated control policies is available onboard of the vehicle, the use of KL divergence is also advocated for selecting the control policy that matches the current driving conditions. Potential applications of this approach include optimal energy management in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) and fuel efficient Adaptive Cruise Control.
Detecting tremors in microelectrode recordings without using a spike detector (2005)

Tremor detection in extracellular neuronal recordings has required spike detection because tremors in extracellular neuronal recordings are caused by the fluctuation of action potential's firing rate. This work describes an automatic tremor detection algorithm of extracellular neuronal recordings without using a spike detector. The new algorithm is robust to noise and its performance is not affected by various morphologies of action potentials.
Effect of silane-functionalized TiO2 on the optical properties and moisture barrier of silicone resin nanocomposites (2014)

An effective approach for fabricating silane-functionalized TiO<sub>2</sub> nanoparticles/silicone resin (SR) composites that exhibit high transparency, high refractive indexes (RIs), high UV aging resistance, and high moisture barrier.
CMOS compatible shorted anode auxiliary cathode lateral insulated gate bipolar transistors (1993)

The performance of CMOS-compatible, shorted-anode, auxiliary-cathode lateral insulated gate bipolar transistors (SA-ACLIGBT), fabricated using a standard 2.5- mu m high-voltage integrated circuit process, is investigated. Typical on-state current densities of more than 240 A/cm/sup 2/ at a gate voltage of 10 V and a forward voltage of 5 V have been obtained. These devices show a latchup-free, current saturation behavior when compared to equivalent shorted-anode LIGBTs. Measured high-voltage turnoff characteristics of the SA-ACLIGBT are superior to those of the conventional SA-LIGBT. These results confirm that by including an auxiliary cathode and extending a p/sup +/ buried layer from under the p well into the drift region of the SA-LIGBT structure, the holes flowing into the p well can be diverted to improve device performance. The auxiliary cathode plays a vital role in preventing the triggering of the parasitic thyristor; it also plays an important role in extracting minority carriers during the turnoff transient.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Next Generation Wireless LANs (2008)

If you've been searching for a way to get up to speed quickly on IEEE 802.11n without having to wade through the entire standard, then look no further. This comprehensive overview describes the underlying principles, implementation details, and key enhancing features of 802.11n. A detailed discussion of the key throughput, robustness, and reliability enhancing features (such as MIMO, 40 MHz channels, and packet aggregation) is given, in addition to a clear summary of the issues surrounding legacy interoperability and coexistence. Advanced topics such as beamforming and fast link adaption are also covered. With numerous MAC and physical layer examples and simulation results included to highlight the benefits of the new features, this is an ideal reference for designers of WLAN equipment, and network managers whose systems adopt the new standard. It is also a useful distillation of 802.11n technology for graduate students and researchers in the field of wireless communication.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Cycloisodityrosine, RA‐VII, Deoxybouvardin, and N29‐ Desmethyl‐RA‐VII: Identification of the Pharmacophore and Reversal of the Subunit Functional Roles. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance estimation for SWIR cameras under OH night airglow illumination (2017)

The authors estimate signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) and contrasts for both InGaAs SWIR camera (cut-off wavelength &lambda;<sub>co</sub>~1.7 &mu;m) and type II superlattice (T2SL) SWIR camera (&lambda;<sub>co</sub>~2.3 &mu;m), under such situations as human skin as an object and vegetation as surroundings which are illuminated only by OH night airglow. In estimating the number of signal electrons, the measured spectral properties of quantum efficiencies for both InGaAs and T2SL detectors are used along with reflectance spectra of human skin and materials, while atmospheric transmission spectra are calculated with MODTRAN. As to noise electrons, shot noise resulting from dark current of InGaAs or T2SL detector is added to photon noise and ROIC (Read-Out Integrated Circuit) noise. The SNR values for the T2SL camera are found larger than those for the InGaAs camera. The contrasts of human skin vs surroundings are positive for the T2SL camera, while those for the InGaAs camera are negative.
Properties of Biopolymers from Cross‐linking Whey Protein Isolate and Soybean 11S Globulin (1996)

ABSTRACT Biopolymers were prepared by cross‐linking whey protein isolate (WPI) and soybean 11S using transglutaminase. Electrophoretic pattern, solubility, emulsification, hydrophobicity and foaming properties of the biopolymers were determined. SDS‐PAGE showed bands corresponding to high‐molecular‐weight components (MW&gt;200 kDa). Biopolymer solubility was &gt; 90% at pH 3 and below, and at pH 7 and above. Emulsifying properties of biopolymers were lower than those of WPI. The foaming capacity of the biopolymers (23.6 mL) and WPI/11S mixture (22.7 mL) were similar to that of egg albumin (20.3 mL). The foaming stability of the biopolymers (122 min) was higher than that of WPI/11S mixture (33.7 min), and was similar to that of egg albumin (132 min).