gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
T-705 (Favipiravir) Induces Lethal Mutagenesis in Influenza A H1N1 Viruses In Vitro (2013)

Several novel anti-influenza compounds are in various phases of clinical development. One of these, T-705 (favipiravir), has a mechanism of action that is not fully understood but is suggested to target influenza virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. We investigated the mechanism of T-705 activity against influenza A (H1N1) viruses by applying selective drug pressure over multiple sequential passages in MDCK cells. We found that T-705 treatment did not select specific mutations in potential target proteins, including PB1, PB2, PA, and NP. Phenotypic assays based on cell viability confirmed that no T-705-resistant variants were selected. In the presence of T-705, titers of infectious virus decreased significantly (P < 0.0001) during serial passage in MDCK cells inoculated with seasonal influenza A (H1N1) viruses at a low multiplicity of infection (MOI; 0.0001 PFU/cell) or with 2009 pandemic H1N1 viruses at a high MOI (10 PFU/cell). There was no corresponding decrease in the number of viral RNA copies; therefore, specific virus infectivity (the ratio of infectious virus yield to viral RNA copy number) was reduced. Sequence analysis showed enrichment of G→A and C→T transversion mutations, increased mutation frequency, and a shift of the nucleotide profiles of individual NP gene clones under drug selection pressure. Our results demonstrate that T-705 induces a high rate of mutation that generates a nonviable viral phenotype and that lethal mutagenesis is a key antiviral mechanism of T-705. Our findings also explain the broad spectrum of activity of T-705 against viruses of multiple families.
Monocular 3D Human Pose Estimation In The Wild Using Improved CNN\n Supervision (2016)

We propose a CNN-based approach for 3D human body pose estimation from single\nRGB images that addresses the issue of limited generalizability of models\ntrained solely on the starkly limited publicly available 3D pose data. Using\nonly the existing 3D pose data and 2D pose data, we show state-of-the-art\nperformance on established benchmarks through transfer of learned features,\nwhile also generalizing to in-the-wild scenes. We further introduce a new\ntraining set for human body pose estimation from monocular images of real\nhumans that has the ground truth captured with a multi-camera marker-less\nmotion capture system. It complements existing corpora with greater diversity\nin pose, human appearance, clothing, occlusion, and viewpoints, and enables an\nincreased scope of augmentation. We also contribute a new benchmark that covers\noutdoor and indoor scenes, and demonstrate that our 3D pose dataset shows\nbetter in-the-wild performance than existing annotated data, which is further\nimproved in conjunction with transfer learning from 2D pose data. All in all,\nwe argue that the use of transfer learning of representations in tandem with\nalgorithmic and data contributions is crucial for general 3D body pose\nestimation.\n
A Dual-polarization Rayleigh Backscatter Model for Phasesensitive OTDR Applications (2019)

A dual-polarization model of Rayleigh backscattering for telecom fibers is developed. The noise standard deviation over distance estimated from phase-OTDR simulation matches experimental results when accounting for the laser source phase noise.
Blinatumomab exposure and pharmacodynamic response in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). (2013)

3051 Background: Blinatumomab (AMG 103) is an investigational, bispecific, T cell engaging (BiTE) antibody targeting CD19-expressing B cells. We describe the exposure-pharmacodynamic (PD) response of blinatumomab in patients with NHL, using a quantitative pharmacology approach. Methods: In a phase 1 study, 76 patients with NHL received blinatumomab by continuous intravenous infusion (cIV) at doses of 0.5 to 90 μg/m 2 /d in 4- or 8-week cycles. Pharmacokinetics (PK) was determined. PD responses evaluated included lymphocytes and cytokines measured during treatment, and sum of the products of the greatest diameters of tumor size in lymph nodes (SPD) at the end of treatment. Blinatumomab concentration at steady state (C ss ) and the cumulative area under the concentration (AUC cum )–time curve over the period before the evaluation of SPD were used to evaluate the exposure-SPD relationship. Results: Blinatumomab showed linear PK. Early PD responses were characterized by B cell depletion, T cell redistribution, and transient cytokine release. Following cIV at doses from 0.5 to 90 μg/m 2 /d, B cells declined at a first-order rate with a dose-dependent rate constant, ranging from 0.16 to 1.0 h -1 . Complete B cell depletion was achieved within 48 hours at doses ≥5 μg/m 2 /d. A dose-independent decrease in T cell counts was observed within 24 hours after dosing, and T cells returned to baseline within 2 weeks of treatment. Cytokine elevation occurred in some patients and was dose-dependent. Blinatumomab exposure-SPD relationship was best described by an inhibitory E max model (E = E 0 -(I max *C)/(IC 50 +C)). According to the model estimation, a 50% reduction in SPD would be achieved when C ss is 2141 pg/mL and AUC cum is 1381 h*μg/L, equivalent to a blinatumomab dose of 54 µg/m 2 /d given over 27 days. Conclusions: B lymphocytes were completely depleted from the circulation at blinatumomab doses ≥5 μg/m 2 /d. Depletion was faster at higher doses. Higher blinatumomab C ss and AUC cum were associated with better tumor reduction. Tissue accessibility may explain the higher dose requirement for SPD reduction versus peripheral B cell depletion. The PK/PD model has utility for the design of future studies of blinatumomab in NHL. Clinical trial information: NCT00274742.
Improved Subset Difference Method with Ternary Tree (2010)

This paper proposes a ternary subset difference method (SD method) that is resistant to coalition attacks. In order to realize a secure ternary SD method, we design a new cover-finding algorithm, label assignment algorithm and encryption algorithm. These algorithms are required to revoke one or two subtrees simultaneously while maintaining resistance against coalition attacks. We realize this two-way revocation mechanism by creatively using labels and hashed labels. Then, we evaluate the efficiency and security of the ternary SD method. We show that the number of labels on each client device can be reduced by about 20.4 percent. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme reduces the average header length by up to 15.0 percent in case where the total number of devices is 65, 536. On the other hand, the computational cost imposed on a client device stays within O(log n). Finally, we prove that the ternary SD method is secure against coalition attacks.
A56 CONSTITUTIVE RET RECEPTOR TYROSINE KINASE ACTIVITY LEADS TO INCREASED CEREBRAL CONCENTRATION OF DOPAMINE AND TO ENHANCEMENT OF COCAINE-INDUCED LOCOMOTOR ACTIVITY IN TRANSGENIC MEN2B MICE (2005)

Mijatovic, J.; Airavaara, M.A.; Piepponen, T.P.; Saarma, M.; Ahtee, L. Author Information
Particle Tracking Techniques for Electrokinetic Microchannel Flows (2002)

We have applied particle tracking techniques to obtain spatially resolved velocity measurements in electrokinetic flow devices. Both micrometer-resolution particle image velocimetry (micro-PMV) and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV) techniques have been used to quantify and study flow phenomena in electrokinetic systems applicable to microfluidic bioanalytical devices. To make the flow measurements quantitative, we performed a series of seed particle calibration experiments. First, we measure the electroosmotic wall mobility of a borosilicate rectangular capillary (40 by 400 microm) using current monitoring. In addition to this wall mobility characterization, we apply PTV to determine the electrophoretic mobilities of more than 1,000 fluorescent microsphere particles in aqueous buffer solutions. Particles from this calibrated particle/ buffer mixture are then introduced into two electrokinetic flow systems for particle tracking flow experiments. In these experiments, we use micro-PIV, together with an electric field prediction, to obtain electroosmotic flow bulk fluid velocity measurements. The first example flow system is a microchannel intersection where we demonstrate a detailed documentation of the similitude between the electrical fields and the velocity fields in an electrokinetic system with uniform zeta potential, zeta. In the second system, we apply micro-PIV to a microchannel system with nonuniform zeta. The latter experiment provides a simultaneous measurement of two distinct wall mobilities within the microchannel.
Light-induced self-written waveguide for optoelectronic integration devices (2012)

We show the feasibility of optical interconnection waveguides formed by self-trapping effect with 0.85μm light irradiation into photopolymer. Self-written waveguides as extensions of both a single-mode fiber and a VCSEL chip were demonstrated. These technologies are useful for integration of chip-scale photonic device.
Numerical Simulation of the Crystallographic Texture Evolution during Hot Extrusion of Oxides Dispersed Strengthened Steels (2014)

Oxides Dispersed Strengthened (ODS) stainless steels are foreseen for fuel cladding tubes in the coming generation of fission nuclear reactors. In spite of a bcc matrix, those steels present a convenient creep behavior thanks to very fine oxides dispersion. Those grades are currently obtained by Powder Metallurgy (PM). After mechanical alloying with the oxide, the powder is commonly consolidated as seamless tube. On CEA facilities, new ferritic ODS stainless steels are produced by Hot Extrusion (HE). The control of the microstructure after extrusion is a key issue for this grade regarding service conditions. In order to explain the microstructure induced by hot processing, the thermo-mechanical history applied to the material must be taken into account. In this study, the strain and thermal histories are obtained from Finite Element Method simulation. Thus, crystallographic texture development during hot extrusion of ODS ferritic steels is simulated using a Visco-Plastic Self-Consistent (VPSC) model. By comparing the texture predictions with the experimental observations, it is shown that self-consistent model reproduces the extrusion texture, α-fiber, very well in the case of monotonic loading. However, for complexes strain path observed during HE, VPSC results differ from the experimental deformation texture.
Synthesis of Platinum Nanoparticles by Plasma Sputtering onto Glycerol: Effect of Argon Pressure on Their Physicochemical Properties (2021)

Platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs) were synthesized in glycerol as a liquid substrate via a magnetron sputtering method at different argon pressures (1.0, 4.0, and 9.0 Pa). Then, Pt NPs were deposited onto a Vulcan XC-72 powder to form carbon-supported Pt NPs catalysts. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were carried out using parameters mimicking the deposition conditions of Pt in plasma sputtering experiments to determine key parameters for the growth of Pt NPs and to understand the growth mechanism at the atomic scale. MD simulations showed that Pt NPs growth depended on the kinetic energy of Pt atoms arriving onto the liquid substrate, which is related to the argon (Ar) pressure. The Pt NPs obtained for different Ar pressures and dispersed in glycerol were characterized by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to investigate the Ar pressure effect on Pt NPs size. Independently on the Ar pressure, SAXS results revealed the presence of two NPs populations. The first population is composed of isolated small NPs with an average diameter increasing from 1.8 to 3.2 nm with the pressure. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis performed on carbon-supported Pt NPs (Pt NPs/C) displayed the same diameter evolution, but the Pt NPs diameters were found to be slightly larger (from 2.5 to 3.7 nm) than those obtained by SAXS in glycerol. Both SAXS and TEM measurement revealed a second population of larger nano-objects that could correspond to agglomerates of individual small NPs from the first population formed either during the deposition in the liquid bulk or more probably at the liquid surface. The electrochemical behavior of the Pt NPs/C catalysts was studied in a conventional three-electrode electrochemical cell at room temperature in a N2-saturated 0.50 mol L–1 H2SO4 electrolyte. It was shown that the Pt NPs size increased with argon pressure, which further led to a decrease of the Pt electrochemical surface area.
(Invited) Synthesis and Properties of Fluorinated Cubanes (2022)

Electron acceptor molecules play an important role in the design of organic functional materials. The electron acceptor molecules reported so far are limited to π-conjugated molecules, which stabilize the accepted electrons by delocalizing them in the extended π-orbitals. In contrast, in perfluorocubane, in which eight carbons of the box-shaped molecule are fluorinated, the eight σ* orbitals of the C-F bonds overlap inside the box and are expected to accept and stabilize electrons there.[1] Since perfluorocubane is expected to accept electrons by overlapping σ* orbitals, it will probably show different physical properties from those of π-conjugated electron acceptor molecules. In the present study, we have succeeded in introducing multiple fluorine atoms into the carbon of cubane derivatives by using an original synthetic technique using fluorine gas,[2] which cannot be used in conventional synthetic organic chemistry. Using this key reaction, perfluorocubane ( 1 ), heptafluorocubane ( 2 ), and hexafluorocubane ( 3 ) were synthesized. Electrochemical and spectroscopic measurements demonstrated that the electron affinity increased with increasing the number of fluorine atoms. Furthermore, the successful observation of perfluorocubane radical anion by ESR measurement will be reported. [1] Irikura, K. K. J. Phys. Chem. A 2008 , 112 , 983–988. [2] Okazoe, T. J. Fluorine Chem. 2015 , 174 , 120–131. Figure 1
Multilayer appearance on contrast‐enhanced susceptibility‐weighted images on patients with brain abscesses: Possible origins and effects of postprocessing (2012)

CE-SWI shows the multilayer appearance of the capsule in pyogenic brain abscesses, which may arise from postprocessing procedures originally designed to enhance susceptibility contrast. Although SWI may provide additional information valuable in the diagnosis of pyogenic brain abscesses, image interpretation should be exercised with caution, particularly for CE-SWI.
Relative Clinical Utility of Quantitative MRI Measures in the Spinal Cord in Multiple Sclerosis Patients (PD6.006) (2013)

OBJECTIVE: To determine which combination of quantitative MRI measures in the spinal cord(SC) is best able to discriminate between multiple sclerosis(MS) patients of differing disability levels.
Constitutive activation of Jak-2 and Tyk-2 in a v-Src-transformed human gallbladder adenocarcinoma cell line (1998)

It is well known that v-Src phosphorylates various substrates on tyrosine residue and associates with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins as well as proline-rich ligands through its SH2 and SH3 domains, respectively, thereby inducing oncogenic transformation. A signal pathway from the cell surface to genes in the nucleus, the Jak/STAT (signal transducers and activators of transcription) pathway, has been shown to be involved in the signal transduction mechanism mediated by many cytokines and growth factors. Although a member of the STAT family, STAT3 has been reported to be constitutively activated in several v-Src-transformed cells, and it still remains unknown whether Jak molecules, which act upstream of STATs, are involved in the v-Src-induced activation mechanism of STAT3. In this study, we analyzed activations of both Jak and STAT molecules using v-Src-transformed HAG-1 cells derived from a human gallbladder adenocarcinoma. STAT3 was found to be constitutively activated in v-Src-transformed HAG-1 cells, but not in either non-transformed mock-transfected or activated c-H-ras-transfected HAG-1 cells, even though the other known STAT molecules are expressed. Furthermore, both Jak-2 and Tyk-2 were constitutively activated only in v-Src-transformed HAG-1 cells. Association of v-Src with either STAT3 or the Jak molecules was not observed. No change of this activation was detected by either interferon (IFN)-alpha2a or IFN-gamma, which had shown inhibitory effects on the growth of v-Src-transformed HAG-1 cells. These results raise the possibility that Jak-2 and Tyk-2 are both activated by v-Src, thereby contributing to the constitutive activation of STAT3 in the v-Src-transformed cells.
Exploring Links Between Psychosis and Frontotemporal Dementia Using Multimodal Machine Learning (2022)

Neurobiological links may exist between bvFTD and psychosis focusing on prefrontal and salience system alterations. Further transdiagnostic investigations are needed to identify shared pathophysiological processes underlying the neuroanatomical interface between the 2 disease spectra.
Combined Effect of Temperature and Humidity on Distorted Currents Measured by Rogowski Coils (2022)

The necessity of accelerating towards carbon neutrality has been further pushed in recent times. Therefore, with the aim of developing smart grids, new Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) are being widely installed. In this regard, Low Power Current Transformers (LPCTs) are replacing traditional inductive current transformers (CTs). Among these, Rogowski coils feature high linearity, reduced dimensions, and wide bandwidth in comparison to CTs. Hence, this work presents a study on a particular type of LPCT, the Rogowski coil, which is extensively used nowadays. In detail, temperature and humidity are simultaneously applied to three commercial Rogowski coils when measuring off-nominal, hence distorted, currents. The LPCTs performances are evaluated in terms of power quality indexes, Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and single harmonic evaluation. From the results, THD is not significantly affected by the combined temperature/humidity presence. However, a deep analysis on the single harmonic demonstrated how they are strongly correlated to such influence quantities. It is interesting to highlight that each of the three devices under test present different behaviors. It is then crucial to in deep the investigation on the influence quantities affecting LPCTs. Furthermore, International Standards should include new details and test procedures to assess the effect on the LPCTs accuracy due to such quantities.
Export and one-step purification from Escherichia coli of a MalE-CD4 hybrid protein that neutralizes HIV in vitro. (1990)

The 177 N-terminal amino acids of CD4, the receptor of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), have been expressed in Escherichia coli as genetic fusions to the periplasmic maltose-binding protein (MalE) from this organism. A large fraction of the hybrid proteins can be released from the periplasm by osmotic shock and purified in one step on a cross-linked amylose column eluted with maltose under mild conditions. One hybrid protein binds HIV envelope protein gp160 and neutralizes the virus in vitro. This provides the first example of the production and one-step purification of an active form of an eukaryotic protein by fusion to MalE. The use of this system for mass screening of CD4 mutants, high-scale production of the hybrid protein for structural studies on CD4, testing antiviral compounds, and therapeutic assays is discussed.
Materials Research of Perovskite Thin Films for Uncooled Infrared (IR) Detectors (2011)

Abstract : This report describes the highlights and summary of the year two, quarters two and three progress for the 6.2 project Improved Sensitivity Low-Cost Uncooled IR Detector Focal-Plane Arrays. This work occurred during the August 2009 January 2010 time period. The program goals for year 2-quarters 2&3 corresponded to the continued expansion of our BaTiO3 nanomaterial synthesis capabilities and deposition methods, laser-induced pyroelectric phase conversion studies and nanoscale characterization of the pyroelectric activation process, and fabrication of IR test heterostructures for pyroelectrical analysis, along with the development of a technique for generating the requisite IR absorbing layer.
Os democratas insatisfeitos são críticos? Reavaliando o conceito de cidadão crítico (2017)

Vários estudos utilizam os termos “cidadão crítico” e “democrata insatisfeito” de forma intercambiável, assumindo que ambos abordam o mesmo perfil de cidadão. No entanto, estudos recentes conduzidos em novas democracias questionaram essa suposição, argumentando que aqueles que estão insatisfeitos nem sempre são críticos. Este artigo investiga essa questão com base numa comparação entre os Estados Unidos e o Brasil. A partir da criação de dois tipos de cidadãos, o democrata insatisfeito e o democrata crítico, nós avaliamos se os democratas insatisfeitos são também críticos. Em seguida, testamos qual dos dois tipos de cidadão é mais engajado e tem atitudes mais democráticas. Os resultados mostram que os democratas insatisfeitos não são necessariamente críticos e que os democratas críticos estão mais engajados na política e mais comprometidos com a democracia do que os democratas não críticos.
Cloning, Expression, and Mapping of Allergenic Determinants of αS1-Casein, a Major Cow’s Milk Allergen (2009)

Milk is one of the first components introduced into human diet. It also represents one of the first allergen sources, which induces IgE-mediated allergies in childhood ranging from gastrointestinal, skin, and respiratory manifestations to severe life-threatening manifestations, such as anaphylaxis. Here we isolated a cDNA coding for a major cow's milk allergen, alphaS1-casein, from a bovine mammary gland cDNA library with allergic patients' IgE Abs. Recombinant alphaS1-casein was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and characterized by circular dichroism as a folded protein. IgE epitopes of alphaS1-casein were determined with recombinant fragments and synthetic peptides spanning the alphaS1-casein sequence using microarrayed components and sera from 66 cow's milk-sensitized patients. The allergenic activity of ralphaS1-casein and the alphaS1-casein-derived peptides was determined using rat basophil leukemia cells transfected with human FcepsilonRI, which had been loaded with the patients' serum IgE. Our results demonstrate that ralphaS1-casein as well as alphaS1-casein-derived peptides exhibit IgE reactivity, but mainly the intact ralphaS1-casein induced strong basophil degranulation. These results suggest that primarily intact alphaS1-casein or larger IgE-reactive portions thereof are responsible for IgE-mediated symptoms of food allergy. Recombinant alphaS1-casein as well as alphaS1-casein-derived peptides may be used in clinical studies to further explore pathomechanisms of food allergy as well as for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for milk allergy.
A 24–72-GS/s 8-b Time-Interleaved SAR ADC With 2.0–3.3-pJ/Conversion and >30 dB SNDR at Nyquist in 14-nm CMOS FinFET (2018)

A 24-72-GS/s 8-b time-interleaved analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is presented which exceeds 39-dB SNDR at low input frequency and 30-dB SNDR at Nyquist. High SNDR at Nyquist is achieved by 16 parallel sampling switches driven by short clock pulses. Clock-pulse edges can be shifted digitally to reduce the impact of timing mismatch. A total of 64 asynchronous 8-b successive approximation (SAR) ADCs at low supply voltage convert sampled voltages. The SAR ADCs use a differential capacitive DAC, one comparator per decision, and include a reference voltage DAC and buffer. The ADC consumes 2.0 pJ/conversion at 48 GS/s and 3.3 pJ/conversion at 72 GS/s and is implemented in 14-nm CMOS FinFET on 0.15 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .