gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural Characteristics of Some Murine RNA Tumor Viruses Studied by Lactoperoxidase Iodination (1973)

Iodination by the noninvasive enzymatic lactoperoxidase technique has been used to study the enzyme-accessible and enzyme-inaccessible proteins of three oncorna viruses (radiation leukemia virus, Moloney leukemia virus, and mouse mammary tumor virus). The number and relative molecular weight of proteins associated with virion preparations purified on sucrose gradients were characterized by scans of Coomassie blue-stained bands after dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gel scans from the leukemia viruses are similar, each showing six distinct major protein bands on stained gels. The mammary tumor virus proteins by this analysis are not similar to those of the leukemia viruses. Enzymatic iodination of intact virion preparations led to the solitary labeling of one of the major proteins of each virus-the 80,000-dalton protein of the leukemia viruses and the 52,500-dalton protein of the mammary tumor virus. These are tentatively positioned as surface (enzyme-accessible) moieties in the virions. Disruption of each virus with a nonionic nonionic detergent before enzymatic iodination led to the labeling of the remaining stainable bands. The four lower molecular weight bands of the leukemia viruses are tentatively positioned as internal (enzyme-inaccessible) components.
The Virtual Naval Hospital: the digital library as knowledge management tool for nomadic patrons. (2005)

The digital library is dedicated to delivering the right information at the right time to the right person so the right decision can be made, and therefore the Virtual Naval Hospital functions as a knowledge-management system for the US Navy Bureau of Medicine and Surgery.
A case for intelligent RAM (1997)

Two trends call into question the current practice of fabricating microprocessors and DRAMs as different chips on different fabrication lines. The gap between processor and DRAM speed is growing at 50% per year; and the size and organization of memory on a single DRAM chip is becoming awkward to use, yet size is growing at 60% per year. Intelligent RAM, or IRAM, merges processing and memory into a single chip to lower memory latency, increase memory bandwidth, and improve energy efficiency. It also allows more flexible selection of memory size and organization, and promises savings in board area. This article reviews the state of microprocessors and DRAMs today, explores some of the opportunities and challenges for IRAMs, and finally estimates performance and energy efficiency of three IRAM designs.
Cucurbit Seed Production in California (1997)

California is a major world producer of many cucurbit seed crops, including cucumber (Cucumus sativa); cantaloupe and mixed melons (Cucumus melo); squash, pumpkin, and gourds (Cucurbita spp.); and watermelon (Citrullus lanatus). The majority of the production occurs in the lower Sacramento Valley, with Colusa, Sutter, and Glenn Counties producing more than 80 percent of the state total. A limited production also exists in the San Joaquin and Imperial Valleys.
Design, fabrication, and characterization of holey fibers (2003)

Since the beginning of optical fiber communications, many fiber designs, driven by the desire to extend the fiber limited performances, have been proposed. In the last decade, the most innovative concept that came out is probably the HF (Holey Fibre). This new fiber design consist of a pure silica fiber with a periodic array of air holes running along the length of the fiber. Usually, the air holes forming the cladding region are arranged in an hexagonal lattice and the introduction of a defect, absence of a hole, in the center of this periodic structure creates the core of the fiber. Over the past few years, impressive possibilities offered by this new type of fiber have been demonstrated in various fields of optical fiber technology such as single-mode fiber, high optical power guidance, polarization control, dispersion compensation, soliton propagation, continuum generation, fiber lasers and amplifiers, remote sensing, etc. In this paper, we review the technology and present our design, fabrication capability, as well as some results obtained with our HFs.
Tunable Laser Using Silicon MEMS Mirror (2010)

In this paper, a tunable VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) fabricated by high precision bonding of a half VCSEL chip and a Si chip with a concave mirror on a movable membrane is presented. A tuning range of 55nm, a wavelength modulation over 500kHz, a peak power of 3.5mW and a side mode suppression ratio of about 60dB, and the structure and the fabrication process of the MEMS-VCSEL have been presented. Tunable lasers with wide tuning range and fast wavelength modulation with continuous wavelength sweep are suitable for optical measurement applications, such as optical fiber sensing, gas sensors, and OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography).
Synthetic Studies on Echinulin and Related Natural Products. II. : A Total Synthesis of Echinulin (1977)

Total synthesis of optically active echinulin (14) was achieved. N, N-Bis (3, 3-dimethylallyl) aniline (4) was converted into 2, 4-bis (3, 3-dimethylallyl) aniline (6) in one step (23% yield) by the acid-catalyzed amino-Claisen rearrangement. The aniline (6) was transformed into 2-(1, 1-dimethylallyl)-5, 7-bis (3, 3-dimethylallyl) gramine (11) in 5 steps (15% overall yield). The gramine (11) was condensed with diketopiperazine (12) synthesized from L-alanine, to afford the ester (13). Optically active echinulin (14) was obtained from 13 in two-steps. The overall yield of echinulin (14) from 11 was 21%.
Low Insertion Loss, Reflective-Load Switches Operating in D-Band and G-Band (2022)

This article presents the analysis and design of a reflective-switch topology for frequency bands above 100 GHz. The switches employ a 90° hybrid coupler with independent reflective loads to break tradeoffs in conventional switches design in terms of insertion loss (IL) and isolation (ISO). Prototypes of a single-pole–single-throw (SPST) and single-pole–double-throw (SPDT) at the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band are demonstrated in a 250-nm indium phosphide (InP) heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) process. The InP HBT-based switch provides low insertion loss (IL) and high ISO through independent tuning on the switches. Measurement results of the implemented <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band SPST show the IL of 0.77–2.7 dB and ISO of 22.5–40 dB in 110–140 GHz. Measured results of the proposed <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$D$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band SPDT show 1.4–3.8-dB IL and ISO of 33.8–53 dB in 110–132 GHz. Implemented <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$G$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band SPST shows the measured IL of 1.7–3.1 dB and the ISO of 27.4–42 dB in 190–220 GHz. The proposed SPDT offers 2.3–5.8-dB IL and ISO of 25.3–31 dB in 190–220 GHz.
Static Fourier transform mid-infrared spectrometer with increased spectral resolution using a stepped mirror (2020)

Due to their high light throughput, static single-mirror Fourier transform spectrometers (sSMFTS) are well suited for spectral analysis in the mid-infrared range, and at the same time feature a more robust and compact design than conventional scanning instruments. One major drawback, however, is the comparably low spectral resolution, which is mainly limited by the number of detector pixels. Therefore, in this article, we propose a cost-effective design that almost doubles the spectral resolution of an sSMFTS by integrating a stepped mirror in one of the interferometer arms. The calibration process is described and a proof of principle is given by measuring a CO2 laser. The design works in a spectral range from about 2800 cm −1 to 600 cm −1 at a spectral resolution of 7 cm −1 and offers the potential to improve resolution even further.
Signature Patterns of MHC Diversity in Three Gombe Communities of Wild Chimpanzees Reflect Fitness in Reproduction and Immune Defense against SIVcpz (2015)

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules determine immune responses to viral infections. These polymorphic cell-surface glycoproteins bind peptide antigens, forming ligands for cytotoxic T and natural killer cell receptors. Under pressure from rapidly evolving viruses, hominoid MHC class I molecules also evolve rapidly, becoming diverse and species-specific. Little is known of the impact of infectious disease epidemics on MHC class I variant distributions in human populations, a context in which the chimpanzee is the superior animal model. Population dynamics of the chimpanzees inhabiting Gombe National Park, Tanzania have been studied for over 50 years. This population is infected with SIVcpz, the precursor of human HIV-1. Because HLA-B is the most polymorphic human MHC class I molecule and correlates strongly with HIV-1 progression, we determined sequences for its ortholog, Patr-B, in 125 Gombe chimpanzees. Eleven Patr-B variants were defined, as were their frequencies in Gombe's three communities, changes in frequency with time, and effect of SIVcpz infection. The growing populations of the northern and central communities, where SIVcpz is less prevalent, have stable distributions comprising a majority of low-frequency Patr-B variants and a few high-frequency variants. Driving the latter to high frequency has been the fecundity of immigrants to the northern community, whereas in the central community, it has been the fecundity of socially dominant individuals. In the declining population of the southern community, where greater SIVcpz prevalence is associated with mortality and emigration, Patr-B variant distributions have been changing. Enriched in this community are Patr-B variants that engage with natural killer cell receptors. Elevated among SIVcpz-infected chimpanzees, the Patr-B*06:03 variant has striking structural and functional similarities to HLA-B*57, the human allotype most strongly associated with delayed HIV-1 progression. Like HLA-B*57, Patr-B*06:03 correlates with reduced viral load, as assessed by detection of SIVcpz RNA in feces.
Harnessing donor unrestricted T-cells for new vaccines against tuberculosis (2019)

Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) prevents extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB) and death among infants but fails to consistently and sufficiently prevent pulmonary TB in adults. Thus, TB remains the leading infectious cause of death worldwide, and new vaccine approaches are urgently needed. T-cells are important for protective immunity to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), but the optimal T-cell antigens to be included in new vaccines are not established. T-cells are often thought of as responding mainly to peptide antigens presented by polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) I and II molecules. Over the past two decades, the number of non-peptidic Mtb derived antigens for αβ and γδ T-cells has expanded rapidly, creating broader perspectives about the types of molecules that could be targeted by T-cell-based vaccines against TB. Many of these non-peptide responsive T-cell subsets in humans are activated in a manner that is unrestricted by classical MHC-dependent antigen-presenting systems, but instead require essentially nonpolymorphic presentation systems. These systems are Cluster of differentiation 1 (CD1), MHC related protein 1 (MR1), butyrophilin 3A1, as well as the nonclassical MHC class Ib family member HLA-E. Thus, the resulting T-cell responses can be shared among a genetically diverse population, creating the concept of donor-unrestricted T-cells (DURTs). Here, we review evidence that DURTs are an abundant component of the human immune system and recognize many antigens expressed by Mtb, including antigens that are expressed in BCG and other candidate whole cell vaccines. Further, DURTs exhibit functional diversity and demonstrate the ability to control microbial infection in small animal models. Finally, we outline specific knowledge gaps and research priorities that must be addressed to realize the full potential of DURTs as part of new TB vaccines approaches.
Propagation measurements for device-to-device communication in forest terrain (2018)

In this paper, we present a measurement campaign conducted in forest terrain with focus on path-loss. The aim of the measurement campaign is to study the coverage in a Device-to-Device (D2D) communication scenario. The measurement campaign was conducted in the LTE band 8 at 917.5 MHz with measurement ranges extending to more than 2.5 km. The measurements have been conducted using a purpose-developed measurement system with a dynamic range of 180 dB. The measurements showed that a D2D system with transmit and receive antenna at heights of 1.5 m could achieve a range of approximately 2 km using the 164 dB path-loss limit specified for Narrow Band Internet-of-Things (NB-IoT).
Supplementary Methods from Short- and Long-Term Effects of CDK4/6 Inhibition on Early-Stage Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Methods: Supplementary Table 1 and 2&lt;/p&gt;
X-ray scattering from crystalline SiO2in the thermal oxide layers on vicinal Si(111) surfaces (1996)

Shimura, T., Misaki, H. &amp; Umeno, M. (1996). Acta Cryst. A52, C465, https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108767396080932.
Cardiac Catheterization and Postoperative Acute Kidney Failure in Congenital Heart Pediatric Patients (2014)

Bianchi, Paolo*; Carboni, Giovanni*; Pesce, Giorgia*; Isgrò, Giuseppe*; Carlucci, Concetta*; Frigiola, Alessandro†; Giamberti, Alessandro†; Ranucci, Marco* Author Information
A theory of selection for gamut mapping colour constancy (2002)

Gamut mapping colour constancy attempts to determine the set of diagonal matrices taking the gamut of image colours under an unknown illuminant into the gamut of colours observed under a standard illuminant. Forsyth (1990) developed such an algorithm in rgb sensor space which Finlayson (1996) later modified to work in a 2-d chromaticity space. In this paper we prove that Forsyth's 3-d solution gamut is, when projected to 2-d, identical to the gamut recovered by the 2-d algorithm. Whilst this implies that there is no inherent disadvantage in working in chromaticity space, this algorithm has a number of problems; the 2-d solution set is distorted and contains practically non-feasible illuminants. These problems have been addressed separately in previous works; we address them together in this paper. Non-feasible illuminants are discarded by intersecting the solution gamut with a non-convex gamut of common illuminants. In 2-d this intersection is relatively simple, but to remove the distortion, both these sets should be represented as 3-d cones of mappings, and the intersection is more difficult. We present an algorithm which avoids performing this intersection explicitly and which is simple to implement. Tests of this algorithm on both real and synthetic images show that it performs significantly better than the best current algorithms.
원저 ( Original Articles ) : 분화된 HL60 세포에서 Granulocyte - Macrophage Colony - Stimulating Factor 에 의한 95kDa 단백질의 Tyrosine 잔기 인산화 (1994)

Human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a multipotent cytokine which stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of various lineage of hematopoietic cells. We examined whether GM-CSF stimulates protein phosphorylation in HL60 cells pretreated with differentiation-inducing factors such as PMA, 1,25-(OH)₂VD₃ and DMSO. GM-CSF induced tyrosine phosphorylation of 95 kDa protein in PMA- or 1,25-(OH)₂VD₃ but not in DMSO-pretreated cells. Tyrosine phosphorylation of 95 kDa was detected at 1 min and 2 min after stimulation of GM-CSF in PMA- and 1,25-(OH)₂VD₃-pretreated cells, respectively. Kinase activity which phosphorylates tyrosine residues) of the 95 kDa protein appeared to increase in a time dependent manner in PMA-pretreated cells, whereas the expression level of 95 kDa protein was not changed. We also observed that 95 kDa protein was autophosphorylated in immunecomplex kinase assay, suggesting that this 95 kDa protein may be tyrosine kinase which is activated in lineage specific manner. These results suggest that 95 kDa protein may be involved in an early signal transduction pathway of GM-CSF.
Retinal Vascular Fractals and Cognitive Impairment (2014)

A sparser retinal microvascular network, represented by reduced arteriolar and venular fractal dimensions, was associated with cognitive impairment, suggesting that early microvascular damage may be present in preclinical stages of dementia.
Accelerating Potential (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Hitless Low-Power All-Optical Absorption Based Switching with Organics on Silicon (2011)

We demonstrate all-optical switching of a silicon ring-resonator using two photon absorption of engineered organic materials. We show hitless switching of 7dB change in extinction with power dissipation of 400 fJ/op.
High-rate Fermentation of Acetate to Methane under Saline Condition by Aceticlastic Methanogens Immobilized in Marine Sediment (2016)

High-rate production of methane from acetate using a fixed-bed reactor filled with marine sediment containing halotolerant aceticlastic methanogens and 3 % NaCl was investigated. In continuous culture, the methane production rate increased with increasing dilution rate. The maximum methane production rate of 750 mM d−1 was observed at a dilution rate of 16.2 d−1, which is impossible without immobilization of the cells in the sediment. Using scanning electron microscopy, we observed Methanosaeta-like filamentous microorganisms and Methanosarcina-like coccoid microorganisms in granule-like structures. The results demonstrated that marine sediment is not only a promising microbial resource of halophilic aceticlastic methanogens, but also a supporting material to fix aceticlastic methanogens in a fixed-bed reactor.
Application of TSA formulation for inversion of a metallic object's electromagnetic properties from EMI data (2004)

Estimating electric conductivity /spl sigma/ (S/m) and magnetic permeability /spl mu/ (F/m) is of great interest both for industry, mineral exploration, and for geophysical discrimination of buried objects such as unexploded ordnance (UXO). We present here a technique for inferring physical parameters of a metallic object in the EMI frequency range (from tens of Hz to several hundred kHz). Electric conductivity and magnetic permeability are inferred by an inversion algorithm operating on inphase and quadrature received components. The forward model is based on the BIE-TSA formulation, which works well over the majority of the EMI frequency range, especially for magnetic material. The formulation is organized so that most matrices related to object geometry need only be calculated once and the Jacobian matrix can be constructed easily from these matrices. Therefore, both forward solution and Jacobian matrix can be calculated quickly. For material with high magnetic permeability, forward solutions indicate that the scattered field is mostly only sensitive to the ratio of /spl sigma/ and /spl mu/. In this case the inversion algorithm becomes ill conditioned and some kind of regularization is needed. The performance of the inversion algorithm was studied under different kinds of regularization, via both theoretical analysis and numerical experiments. An optimized method for choosing regularization is suggested which may also benefit more general inverse problems.
Heart Transplantation, Either Alone or Combined With Liver and Kidney, a Viable Treatment Option for Selected Patients With Severe Cardiac Amyloidosis (2022)

After heart transplantation, French CA and nonamyloid patients have similar survival outcomes. Among CA patients, ATTRv patients have better prognosis than those with AL, possibly due to the combined heart-liver transplantation. Selected CA patients should be considered for heart transplantations.
Rescuing CFTR function caused by mutation specific polymorphisms in cystic fibrosis patients (2018)

Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene mutations result in cystic fibrosis (CF) disease and a broad spectrum of clinical phenotypes are observed in CF patients. One mutation, Arg117His affects the conductivity of the CFTR channel and can result in a mild or severe phenotype, influenced by co‐location of the mutation and an intron 9 polymorphism: a poly T tract varying from 5 to 9 nucleotid. The shorter ‘5T’ allele weakens the intron 9 acceptor site and promotes exclusion of exon 10 from the mature CFTR transcript, resulting in a non‐functional CFTR channel, and a more severe disease phenotyp. Manipulation of CFTR pre‐RNA splicing using antisense oligonucleotides (AOs) is a potential therapy for those CF patients with this particular mutation. This study explores antisense therapy to correct abnormal splicing of CFTR RNA and improve CFTR function. AOs targeting CFTR intron 9, around the specific 5T polymorphism, were designed and transfected into monolayer primary airway epithelial cells from a CF patient harbouring this disease‐associated polymorphism. AOs that decrease the levels of CFTR transcript missing exon 10 will then be assessed for CFTR function using an Ussing Chamber and CF patient primary epithelial cells grown at the Air‐liquid interface. We propose that corrected splicing of the CFTR 5T allele will improve function in CF patients carrying selected mutations, either alone or in combination with current therapeutics.
A33scFv–cytosine deaminase: a recombinant protein construct for antibody-directed enzyme-prodrug therapy (2003)

A recombinant fusion protein of colon carcinoma binding A33 single chain antibody with cytosine deaminase displayed specific antigen binding and enzyme activity in surface plasmon resonance and is catalytic activity assay. In vitro, it selectively increased the toxicity of 5-FC to A33 antigen-positive cells by 300-fold, demonstrating the potency of this ADEPT strategy.