gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigation of Acrylamide in Potato Chips by Pre-drying and Pulsed Electric Field Treatment (2022)

The object of this work was to study the effects of preliminary vacuum drying (VD), pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment, frying temperature on color, oil uptake, and acrylamide (AA) content in fried potato chips. The results of this study indicated that an increase of frying temperature from 120 to 180°C led to a decrease of frying time of around 70% for untreated and PEF pre-treated samples. The color value of <i>L</i>* and <i>a</i>* decreased with the increase of frying temperature, and those values of the sample pre-treated by PEF were significantly higher compared to those obtained from untreated samples. The PEF pre-treatment promoted the reduction of oil content of fried samples by up to 17.6, 14.2, and 16% compared with untreated samples at the frying temperatures of 120, 150, and 180°C, respectively. Higher efficiency was observed by applying the preliminary VD in the case of the frying temperature of 150°C. Furthermore, it was revealed that PEF pre-treatment and preliminary VD application lead to a synergetic effect on the reduction of AA content in potato chips. For example, with the initial moisture ratio of 0.5, pre-dried by VD and pre-treated by PEF, the AA content was noticeably decreased from 2,220 to 311 μg/kg compared to untreated and undehydrated samples at the frying temperature of 150°C. Our findings provide reference for a new pre-treatment to mitigate AA formation and to improve the quality of potato chips.
BigDetection: A Large-scale Benchmark for Improved Object Detector Pre-training (2022)

Multiple datasets and open challenges for object detection have been introduced in recent years. To build more general and powerful object detection systems, in this paper, we construct a new large-scale benchmark termed BigDetection. Our goal is to simply leverage the training data from existing datasets (LVIS, OpenImages and Object365) with carefully designed principles, and curate a larger dataset for improved detector pre-training. Specifically, we generate a new taxonomy which unifies the heterogeneous label spaces from different sources. Our BigDetection dataset has 600 object categories and contains over 3.4M training images with 36M bounding boxes. It is much larger in multiple dimensions than previous benchmarks, which offers both opportunities and challenges. Extensive experiments demonstrate its validity as a new benchmark for evaluating different object detection methods, and its effectiveness as a pre-training dataset.
Design and Biomechanics of the Oxford Knee (2015)

The description of the Oxford Knee starts with an explanation of the function of mobile bearings in knee prostheses. An obvious advantage is that the areas of contact between the joint surfaces are maximised. In this chapter, we shall show that wear at the polyethylene surfaces is thereby minimised and that optimal kinematics can be achieved with minimal risk of loosening. We will discuss the biomechanics of the cementless components and problems that may occur with the tibia. &#x0D;
1315 Mechanical Properties of Fullerene Thin Films (2012)

Fullerenes are allotropes of carbon with a spherical structure. Fullerene as an additive it is possible to increase the performance of the material. And recently, the devices have been progress miniaturization and ultra thin in kinds of fields, especially microelectronic devices and information storage media. Therefore, the fullerene films are going to be used in the semiconductor. This study investigated the mechanical properties such as hardness and wettability of fullerene films.
An Efficient, Scalable Synthesis of the Molecular Transporter Octaarginine via a Segment Doubling Strategy (2001)

[reaction: see text]. Short oligomers of arginine function as remarkably efficient molecular transporters of drugs and probe molecules into cells and tissue. Currently, these compounds are prepared on resin through a unidirectional solid-phase synthesis. To extend the utility of these compounds for therapeutic and research applications, a scalable solution-phase synthesis of Arg8 (1) has been developed on the basis of a segment doubling strategy that proceeds in 13 steps and 28% overall yield from 4, including a novel one-step perdeprotection-perguanidinylation reaction.
A High Performance Computing Network and System Simulator for the Power Grid: NGNS^2 (2012)

Designing and planing next generation power grid systems composed of large power distribution networks, monitoring and control networks, autonomous generators and consumers of power requires advanced simulation infrastructures. The objective is to predict and analyze in time the behavior of networks of systems for unexpected events such as loss of connectivity, malicious attacks and power loss scenarios. This ultimately allows one to answer questions such as: “What could happen to the power grid if ...”. We want to be able to answer as many questions as possible in the shortest possible time for the largest possible systems. In this paper we present a new High Performance Computing (HPC) oriented simulation infrastructure named Next Generation Network and System Simulator (NGNS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). NGNS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> allows for the distribution of a single simulation among multiple computing elements by using MPI and OpenMP threads. NGNS <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> provides extensive configuration, fault tolerant and load balancing capabilities needed to simulate large and dynamic systems for long periods of time. We show the preliminary results of the simulator running approximately two million simulated entities both on a 64-node commodity Infiniband cluster and a 48-core SMP workstation.
A magnetically driven PDMS peristaltic micropump (2005)

We present a robust low-cost PDMS peristaltic micropump with magnetic drive. The fabrication process is based on the soft molding and bonding of three PDMS layers. A base layer incorporates the microchannel while a middle layer contains the actuation membrane. The top layer encapsulates three small permanent magnetic rods (Ni-plated-NdFeB) in three small chambers. A small DC motor (6 mm in diameter and 15 mm in length) with three permanent magnets stagger-mounted on its shaft is used to pull down and actuate the membrane-mounted magnets to generate a peristaltic waveform. A maximum pumping rate of about 24 /spl mu/L/min at the speed of 1700 rpm with power consumption of 11 mW was demonstrated. A preliminary numerical analysis of the peristaltic pump was performed, which showed the characteristic membrane deflection and fluid flow of pumping.
Linking genotype to phenotype on beads: high throughput selection of peptides with biological function (2013)

Although peptides are well recognised biological molecules in vivo, their selection from libraries is challenging because of relative low affinity whilst in linear conformation. We hypothesized that multiplexed peptides and DNA on the surface of beads would provide a platform for enhanced avidity and the selection of relevant peptides from a library (ORBIT bead display). Using human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) gp120 as a target, we identify peptides that inhibit HIV-1 replication in vitro through blocking of protein:protein interaction with the co-receptor CCR5. The bead display approach has many potential applications for probing biological systems and for drug lead development.
Research on cross‐well pseudorandom electromagnetic detection method and extraction of response characteristics (2020)

Abstract A method is proposed that uses the metal casing of an oil and gas production well to construct a long dipole emission line source and applies pseudorandom multifrequency excitation signals to it to identify reservoir characteristics of interwell reservoirs. This method can significantly improve the work efficiency and precision of electrical prospecting. The cross‐well pseudorandom response signal contains multiple main frequency components, as well as various measuring frequency points. Targeting the frequency components with different amplitudes and initial phases in the pseudorandom signal, the digital coherent detection method and its noise resistance are studied. Using this method can effectively extract the amplitude and phase information of each frequency component in different noise environments and has a strong ability to suppress signals of other frequencies. In the heterogeneous interwell reservoir detection model, the amplitude characteristics of each frequency component of the pseudorandom electromagnetic response at the measuring line with different well spacings are extracted. Numerical results show that the curve of equal‐frequency measurement appears downwardly "concave" at the interface of the low‐resistivity interlayer, and upwardly "convex" at the interface of the high‐resistivity interlayer. With the increase in the resistivity of the low‐resistivity interlayer, the dynamic range of the extraction component of the same frequency decreases gradually, and the family of equal‐frequency response curves overlap with each other. By contrast, for the high‐resistivity interlayer, as its resistivity gradually increases, the dynamic range of the extraction component of same frequency also increases gradually. Moreover, as well spacing varies, the response characteristics of the equal‐frequency curve family on different measuring lines are also obviously different. The digital coherent detection method significantly simplifies the receiving circuit system. In practical application, response information of different discrete frequency components can be extracted according to requirements. This thus provides a theoretical basis for the extraction of resistivity and characteristic identification of interwell heterogeneous oil and gas reservoirs.
Unique DNA Binding Specificity of the Binuclear Zinc AlcR Activator of the Ethanol Utilization Pathway in Aspergillus nidulans (1999)

AlcR is the transcriptional activator in Aspergillus nidulans, necessary for the induction of the alc gene cluster. It belongs to the Zn2Cys6 zinc cluster protein family, but contains some striking differences compared with other proteins of this group. In this report, we show that no dimerization element is present in the entire AlcR protein which occurs in solution as a monomer and binds also to its cognate sites as a monomer. Another important feature of AlcR is its unique specificity for single sites occurring naturally as inverted or direct repeats and sharing a common motif, 5'-(T/A)GCGG-3'. Like most other Zn2Cys6 proteins, AlcR contacts directly with the CGG triplet and, in addition, the upstream adjacent guanine is required for high affinity binding. We also establish that the flanking regions outside the core play an essential role in tight binding. From our in vitro analysis, we propose an optimal AlcR-binding site which is 5'-PuNGCGG-AT rich 3'.
Bringing Security Testing to Development: How to Enable Developers to Act as Security Experts (2015)

Security testing is an important part of any security development life-cycle (SDLC) and, thus, should be a part of any software development life-cycle.We will present SAP's Security Testing Strategy that enables developers to find security vulnerabilities early by applying a variety of different security testing methods and tools. We explain the motivation behind it, how we enable global development teams to implement the strategy, across different SDLCs and report on our experiences.
Methodological aspects of minimal residual disease assessment by flow cytometry in acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A French multicenter study (2014)

Background: Minimal residual disease (MRD) assessment provides a powerful prognostic factor for therapeutic stratification in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has the potential for a rapid and sensitive identification of high risk patients. Our group has previously published that MRD levels analyzed by clone specific Ig/TcR-QPCR and MFC were concordant at a sensitivity of 10<sup>-4</sup> . Here we report the MFC methodological aspects from this multi-center experience. Methods: MRD was assessed by MFC in 1030 follow-up samples from 265 pediatric and adult patients with de novo ALL treated in the FRALLE, EORTC or GRALL clinical trials. MRD assessment as applied by the eight participating MFC laboratories is described in detail regarding cell preparation, leukemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP) markers and data analysis. Samples were obtained from bone marrow (BM) and peripheral blood (PB). Immunostaining was performed after erythrocyte lysis or Ficoll enrichment. Results: This study confirms the applicability of MFC-based MRD assessment in 97% of patients with ALL at the 10<sup>-4</sup> cut-off. MRD values after Ficoll enrichment and erythrocyte lysis were found comparable. Higher MRD values were obtained in BM than in PB, especially for B-lineage ALL. Conclusions: Measurement of MRD by MFC at the 10<sup>-4</sup> cut-off is applicable within a few hours for almost all patients and using a comparable analytical strategy allows for multicenter collaborative studies. The method can be introduced in a strategy aimed at defining the risk of failure of patients with childhood or adult ALL. © 2014 Clinical Cytometry Society.
Tunable light source using a liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer (1991)

A tunable light source with a liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer (LC-FPI) tuning element that emits a laser beam with a tuning range of 41 nm has been constructed. Incorporating a multiple quantum well (MQW) laser diode with a phase control (PC) section enables the selection of almost all external modes. Stable single-mode emission is obtained for the region, except where the slope of the lasing wavelength versus applied voltage to the liquid crystal is quite large.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The 15-Year Evolution of the Thoracoscopic Anterior Release: Does It Still Have a Role? (2015)

The indications for a thoracoscopic anterior release/fusion has evolved with our increased understanding of this procedure and improved posterior fixation with pedicle screw instrumentation. Thoracoscopy in select spinal deformity patients still has an important role despite its less frequent use, as compared to the past decade.
Dual layer matching (20 MHz) piezoelectric transducers with glass and parylene (1997)

This study describes a method of applying very thin broadband matching layers to 2 mm diameter 20 MHz transducers. Dual layer acoustic matching between the ceramic and the medium at the front face of the transducer was accomplished by selecting 1/4 wavelength glass layers from a commercial source, epoxying them to the ceramic, and vapor depositing parylene to 1/4 wavelength thickness on the glass. A 8 dB fractional bandwidth of 0.75 and insertion loss of -10 dB was found on the average for these transducers. This method allowed fabricating probes that performed well, were reproducible, provided both a matching and protection coating, and could be fabricated in a practical manner.
Molecular Identification by Time-Resolved Interferometry in a Porous Silicon Film (2001)

Porous silicon is becoming increasingly important for the sensitive detection of liquid and gaseous analytes due to its high surface area and tunable porosity and functionality. These authors report the first use of porous silicon for the analysis of mixtures of chemical compounds. Using time-resolved reflectivity measurements to analyze ethanol and acetone mixtures, they found that the components could be separated temporally in the porous Si film in a process that is analogous to gas chromatography, the porous Si film playing the dual role of separation column and detector.
Current Recommendations for Delaying Renal Transplantation after Localized Prostate Cancer Treatment: Are They Still Appropriate? (2004)

PSA-based screening of the dialysis population has ensured earlier detection of PC. Given that nomograms will accurately predict the risk of PC recurrence, the time a patient must wait for a transplant should be based on this individualized risk assessment rather than on a general rule.
Backbone amide linker (BAL) strategy forNα-9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase synthesis of peptide aldehydes (2005)

A rapid and efficient strategy has been developed for the general synthesis of complex peptide aldehydes. Nα-Benzyloxycarbonylamino acids were converted to protected aldehyde building blocks for solid-phase synthesis in four steps and moderate overall yields. The aldehydes were protected as 1,3-dioxolanes except for one case where a dimethyl acetal was used. These protected amino aldehyde monomers were then incorporated onto 5-[(2 or 4)-formyl-3,5-dimethoxyphenoxy]butyryl-resin (BAL-PEG-PS) by reductive amination, following which the penultimate residue was introduced by HATU-mediated acylation. The resultant resin-bound dipeptide unit, anchored by a backbone amide linkage (BAL), was extended further by routine Fmoc chemistry procedures. Several model peptide aldehydes were prepared in good yields and purities. Some epimerization of the C-terminal residue occurred (10% to 25%), due to the intrinsic stereolability conferred by the aldehyde functional group, rather than any drawbacks to the synthesis procedure. Copyright © 2005 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
OC-056 Viral warfare: front line defence and arming the immune system: the use of an oncolytic virus as a vaccine against colorectal liver metastases (2012)

Introduction Liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) from colorectal cancer (CRC) has a 50% 5-year survival rate. However, recurrence rates are reported as 50% within 2 years. Thus, there is a need for a further treatment modality that may induce long-lasting anti-tumoural activity. Virotherapeutics provides this by directly infecting and lysing tumour cells and inducing immune-mediated tumour cytotoxicity. Methods Using a double-stranded enveloped pox virus backbone, a Vaccinia virus (VV), termed JX-594, has been genetically manipulated to encode for granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) was used to confirm production of GMCSF when CRC cell lines and primary CRLM tissue were infected with this VV. ELISA was also used to measure pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Viral replication was investigated using a plaque assay technique and by directly infecting CRLM tissue with a related GFP-encoding VV. To demonstrate induction of the innate immune response we infected PBMCs with the virus and measured levels of degranulation of Natural Killer (NK) cells, and the cytotoxic ability when activated PBMCs were exposed to CRC targets. Results JX-594 treatment results in up to 75% lysis of CRC cell lines in 96 h. VV can replicate in CRC cells (250-fold replication in 72 h), thus potentially spreading through a tumour cell population, magnifying its anti-tumour effect. VV is able to produce large quantities of GMSCF. This is a cytokine that can stimulate a variety of immune effector cells including dendritic cells, which can be recruited to the tumour environment. In our study, more than 50% of the NK cells become “armed” in response the viral treatment, with the release of granyzmes that can induce apoptosis of target tumour cells. These activated NK cells when exposed to CRC targets, result in a 40%–50% lysis of the tumour cells in 24 h. VV treatment can also cause the up-regulation pro-inflammatory cytokines around the tumour environment, and potentially suppress new vessel formation by inhibiting VEGF. Conclusion Viral therapeutics holds promise as a novel treatment modality for treatment of disseminated malignancy, providing direct tumour-specific lysis and the induction of tumour-specific innate immunity. It has been shown to be safe for intravenous delivery and early studies show promising results. We propose that VV may provide an adjunct to liver resection for treatment of liver cancer, and we will soon embark on a multi-centre early phase trial, whereby VV will be administered intravenously pre-operatively. Competing interests None declared.
Population characteristics of yellow catfish (Peltobagrus fluvidraco) along the longitudinal profile of Three Gorges Reservoir, China (2013)

The length–frequency and age distributions, condition factor (K), gonadosomatic index (GSI) and gastrosomatic index (GaSI) of yellow catfish (Peltobagrus fluvidraco) were studied at three sites along the 500-km longitudinal profile of Three Gorges Reservoir. Across all three sites (dam, mid-reservoir and upper reservoir), GSI increased from April through June, with peak values observed in May and June. Mean K and GSI for fish captured near the dam were significantly higher compared to mid-reservoir or upper-reservoir areas. The GaSI index showed no significant variations across sites. However, the length-frequency histogram of yellow catfish in the more riverine upper reservoir was log-normal and skewed towards larger (total length) fish, a pattern that was significantly different from mid-reservoir or near-dam habitats, where fish length data were normally distributed but at a smaller length mode. Age estimations using otolith sagittae revealed that the spawning population was dominated by fish from only two age-classes (1 and 2). This study provides novel insight into population characteristics of fish along the substantial spatial scale of Three Gorges Reservoir. Given the irregular population size- and age-structure and the fact that the species is currently commercially exploited, this population is believed to be susceptible to overfishing. Restricted harvesting during peak reproductive months is recommended and suggested that additional research is needed on recruitment and harvest dynamics of this species throughout Three Gorges Reservoir. Additional research is also required to determine whether the spike in K and GSI at lentic sites is a transient product of recent impoundment or an indicator of optimal hydrologic habitat for the species.