gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graphene: Chemistry and Applications for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2022)

In the present era, different allotropes of carbon have been discovered, and graphene is the one among them that has contributed to many breakthroughs in research. It has been considered a promising candidate in the research and academic fields, as well as in industries, over the last decade. It has many properties to be explored, such as an enhanced specific surface area and beneficial thermal and electrical conductivities. Graphene is arranged as a 2D structure by organizing sp2 hybridized C with alternative single and double bonds, providing an extended conjugation combining hexagonal ring structures to form a honeycomb structure. The precious structure and outstanding characteristics are the major reason that modern industry relies heavily on graphene, and it is predominantly applied in electronic devices. Nowadays, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) foremostly utilize graphene as an anode or a cathode, and are combined with polymers to use them as polymer electrolytes. After three decades of commercialization of the lithium-ion battery, it still leads in consumer electronic society due to its higher energy density, wider operating voltages, low self-discharge, noble high-temperature performance, and fewer maintenance requirements. In this review, we aim to give a brief review of the domination of graphene and its applications in LIBs.
Structure-Function of Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Inhibitors Derived From Natural Toxins (2020)

Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) are prototypical cation-selective, ligand-gated ion channels that mediate fast neurotransmission in the central and peripheral nervous systems. nAChRs are involved in a range of physiological and pathological functions and hence are important therapeutic targets. Their subunit homology and diverse pentameric assembly contribute to their challenging pharmacology and limit their drug development potential. Toxins produced by an extensive range of algae, plants and animals target nAChRs, with many proving pivotal in elucidating receptor pharmacology and biochemistry, as well as providing templates for structure-based drug design. The crystal structures of these toxins with diverse chemical profiles in complex with acetylcholine binding protein (AChBP), a soluble homolog of the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the nAChRs and more recently the extracellular domain of human α9 nAChRs, have been reported. These studies have shed light on the diverse molecular mechanisms of ligand-binding at neuronal nAChR subtypes and uncovered critical insights useful for rational drug design. This review provides a comprehensive overview and perspectives obtained from structure and function studies of diverse plant and animal toxins and their associated inhibitory mechanisms at neuronal nAChRs.
Succinic Acid Based Particles as Carriers of Volatile Substances (2022)

Volatile substances are in high demand, especially in cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. To prolong their shelf-life and prevent their degradation if exposed to air, these volatile substances are often encapsulated. Most frequently, matrix materials are composed of high-molecular-weight polymers because some of them can efficiently retain volatiles and meet the safety requirements these applications impose. However, these substances must be processed at high concentrations, resulting in viscous solutions that are difficult to spray or emulsify. To address this shortcoming, we employed a low-molecular-weight substance, succinic acid, as a matrix material to encapsulate a model volatile, vanillin. To facilitate the encapsulation of low-molecular-weight substances, such as volatiles, we produce these particles through surface acoustic wave (SAW)-based microfluidic spray-drying. This technique forms drops with diameters as small as 1–10 μm that dry within a few hundred ms. Thereby, we can kinetically arrest or even suppress phase separations. We demonstrate that vanillin is most efficiently encapsulated and retained over a prolonged time if succinic acid is formulated from solutions initially containing succinic acid concentrations exceeding 10% of its saturation concentration. If appropriately formulated, these succinic acid based particles retain volatiles longer than the much more commonly employed high-molecular-weight dextrin. These results open up a new avenue to encapsulate volatiles in low-molecular-weight compounds that pack more densely than high-molecular-weight counterparts and therefore can retain volatiles for a prolonged time.
A minimum Bayes Factor based threshold for activation likelihood estimation (2022)

Abstract Activation likelihood estimation (ALE) is among the most used algorithms to perform neuroimaging meta-analysis. Since its first implementation, several thresholding procedures had been proposed, all referred to the frequentist framework, returning a rejection criterion for the null hypothesis according to the critical p-value selected. However, this is not informative in terms of probabilities of the validity of the hypotheses. Here, we describe an innovative thresholding procedure based on the concept of minimum Bayes factor (mBF). The use of the Bayesian framework allows to consider different levels of probability, each of these being equally significant. In order to simplify the translation between the common ALE practice and the proposed approach, we analised six task-fMRI/VBM datasets and determined the mBF values equivalent to the currently recommended frequentist thresholds based on Family Wise Error (FWE). Sensitivity and robustness toward spurious findings were also analyzed. Results showed that the cutoff log 10 (mBF)=5 is equivalent to the FWE threshold, often referred as voxel-level threshold, while the cutoff log 10 (mBF)=2 is equivalent to the cluster-level FWE (c-FWE) threshold. However, only in the latter case voxels spatially far from the blobs of effect in the c-FWE ALE map survived. Therefore, when using the Bayesian thresholding the cutoff log 10 (mBF)=5 should be preferred. However, being in the Bayesian framework, lower values are all equally significant, while suggesting weaker level of force for that hypothesis. Hence, results obtained through less conservative thresholds can be legitimately discussed without losing statistical rigor. The proposed technique adds therefore a powerful tool to the human-brain-mapping field.
Development and validation of a point-of-care breath test for octane detection (2021)

This is the first study to show that a POC breath test can rapidly and reliably detect octane, with excellent repeatability, at clinically relevant levels of low ppb in exhaled breath of ventilated ICU patients. This opens possibilities for targeted exhaled breath analysis to be used as a bedside test and makes it a potential diagnostic tool for the early detection of ARDS.
Design and validation of a toroidal-based ophthalmic adaptive optics system (2013)

Performance of ophthalmic adaptive optics systems is often degraded by the need to use spherical mirrors off axis. We investigate toroidal mirrors as a possible solution. Measured improvement in performance is consistent with theoretical predictions.
High B3GALT5 expression confers poor clinical outcome and contributes to tumor progression and metastasis in breast cancer (2021)

Our results demonstrated the value of B3GALT5 as a prognostic marker of breast cancer, especially among the early stage patients, and its crucial roles in regulating EMT, cell migration, and stemness thereby promoting breast cancer progression.
The effect of NKISK on tendon in an in vivo model (2001)

The mechanism through which ligaments and tendons change length during growth and contracture is unclear. It has been hypothesized that there is a reversible "interfibrillar bond" that, when broken, allows the sliding of collagen fibrils past one another during length changes. The pentapeptide NKISK has been reported to inhibit the binding of decorin to fibronectin. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of NKISK in an in vivo model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups (n = 9, 9 and 14, respectively). The left patellar tendon was injected with 1.0 ml of NKISK (Group 1 = 1.0 mM, Groups 2 and 3 = 5.0 mM). The contralateral/control limb was injected with carrier. Group 1 was sacrificed after three, Group 2 after four and Group 3 after seven daily injections. The patellar tendon lengths were measured in all groups with comparisons made to the contralateral control limb. NKISK injection resulted in a significant increase in length in Group 2 (3.14% +/- 2.04, P = 0.002) and in Group 3 (6.12% +/- 3.84, P < 0.001). Biomechanical testing of Group 3 showed no differences in maximum load, ultimate strength, structural stiffness, or elastic modulus of the treated tendons but did demonstrate a statistically significant decrease in the displacement and strain at maximum load in the NKISK-treated tendons. This study demonstrates that inhibition of decorin/fibronectin binding by NKISK results in tendon lengthening in an in vivo setting as noted by a progressive increase in the length of the patellar tendon.
Ultrawide band ladder filter using SH<inf>0</inf> plate wave in thin LiNbO<inf>3</inf> plate and its application (2014)

Currently, a cognitive radio using vacant frequency band of digital TV (DTV) channels (TV white space: 470 to 710 MHz in Japan) is receiving a lot of attention. The cognitive radio strongly requires a tunable filter covering a wide frequency range of DTV band and bandwidth tunability. Authors previously fabricated ultra-wide band 0-th mode shear horizontal (SH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> ) plate wave resonators for the DTV band. A T type ladder filter, which has a low minimum insertion loss and an ultra-wide bandwidth covering the DTV channels, was numerically synthesized from the measured characteristics of the resonators. Combining the wideband filter and a band rejection filter composed of several resonators with different frequency, the band pass filters with center frequencies of 530 and 660 MHz, which are corresponding with lowest and highest frequencies in DTV band, were obtained. This paper shows that the combination of the wideband filter and both type band rejection filters connected with variable capacitors enables a tunable filter with large tunable range of frequency and bandwidth, and a large rejection of the outside of DTV band.
Figure 2 from A Comparative Study of Neuroendocrine Heterogeneity in Small Cell Lung Cancer and Neuroblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Inter- and intra-cell line NE heterogeneity. &lt;b&gt;A,&lt;/b&gt; Inter-cell line NE heterogeneity. NE scores for CCLE pan-cancer cell lines were ranked from high to low. SCLC and neuroblastoma lines were highlighted by colors. Although most of the SCLC and neuroblastoma lines have high NE scores, a few of them also have low NE scores. &lt;b&gt;B,&lt;/b&gt; Consistent gene expression pattern for SCLC NE signature genes observed for SCLC and neuroblastoma cell lines. Cell lines are in columns. Red/blue column left to the heat map annotates the correlation between the gene expression and NE score; the expression of SCLC driver TFs and NE scores was annotated above the heat map. SCLC lines were further classified into four TF classes. &lt;b&gt;C,&lt;/b&gt; Average NE scores from scRNA-seq data align well with NE scores from bulk RNA-seq data for pan-cancer cell lines. &lt;b&gt;D,&lt;/b&gt; Distribution of NE scores for lung cancer and neuroblastoma cell line–based scRNA-seq data. Intra-cell line NE heterogeneity. High- and low-NE score cells are found to coexist within the same SCLC cell line NCI-H1048 (&lt;b&gt;E&lt;/b&gt;) or neuroblastoma cell line SKNAS (&lt;b&gt;F&lt;/b&gt;). Single cells are in columns. Because of the high dropout rate of scRNA-seq data, only the top abundantly expressed genes are visualized.&lt;/p&gt;
Sub-Optical-Cycle Coherent Control In Nonlinear Optics (2000)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Randy Bartels, Sterling Backus, Gleb Vdovin, Ivan P. Christov, Margaret M. Murnane, and Henry C. Kapteyn, "Sub-Optical-Cycle Coherent Control In Nonlinear Optics," Optics & Photonics News 11(12), 23-24 (2000) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Silicon VLSI-compatible ferroelectric liquid crystal light modulator process (1988)

The development of optically interconnected VLSI and wafer-scale systems has as a prerequisite the existence of a light modulator technology compatible with logic circuit technology that will enable the unconstrained placement of a large number of logic-driven light sources on a die or wafer. Integrated lasers, multiple-quantum-well electroabsorption modulators, and organic electrooptic materials exhibit high speed but are sufficiently mature to permit system prototyping, especially in silicon. Ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLCs) possess low switching energies and driving voltages in the surface-stabilized cell configuration 1 and are, therefore, well matched to the output characteristics of silicon CMOS logic gates. Rapid development of faster materials is under way with switching times of 3 μ s at 15 V/ μ m available now. We present a procedure that incorporates fabrication of most components of a reflective surface-stabilized FLC light modulator cell into an unmodified bulk CMOS process flow. The reflective electrode and 1-1.5- μ m thick spacer can be obtained by specifying features in the mask description of the die. Light sources can thus be placed in the same manner as transistors. The only postprocessing steps that need be applied to the silicon die are the application of an aligning layer to ensure proper smectic layer orientation and assembly of the cells with a common transparent cover electrode.
Stability of access resistance during haemodialysis (1998)

BACKGROUND: Access blood flow (Qac) is considered a useful indicator in the surveillance of haemodialysis access function. However, changes in Qac may be due to changes in blood pressure and/or to changes in access resistance (AR). METHODS: Weekly readings of Qac, cardiac output, and arterial blood pressure measured early and late during haemodialysis were obtained in 11 patients for a period of 3 weeks. Qac was determined from thermodilution of extracorporeal blood returning to the patient with reversed placement of blood lines and by measurement of arterial and venous blood temperatures in the extracorporeal circulation. Data are given as mean +/- SE. RESULTS: Qac dropped as mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) decreased, but increased when MAP and TPR increased. Linear regressions between the change in access flow and the change in MAP (deltaQac%=0.80*deltaMAP%-1.6, r2=0.39), and the change in TPR (deltaQac%= 0.54*deltaTPR%-9.2, r2=0.35) respectively, were significant (P<0.001). Whereas Qac significantly decreased (-8.4+/-3.3%, P<0.01) during the same treatment, AR remained unchanged (4.7+/-3.2%; P=NS). AR for all studies was 16.5+/-1.0 peripheral resistance units (1 PRU=2.226 kPa min l(-1)). There was a trend for resistance to increase (5.1+/-2.6%, P=NS) and for flow to decrease (-6.1+/-2.3%, P=NS) during the 3 weeks of the study. CONCLUSION: Qac measured during haemodialysis is variable and depends on haemodynamics, but AR is constant. AR is related to the physical structure of the peripheral access. Because of its intradialytic stability AR may be better suited as an indicator of access function.
Functional similarities between retroviruses and the IS3 family of bacterial insertion sequences? (1990)

Members of the IS3 family of insertion sequences are found in a wide range of bacteria. At least 10 members of this family carry two major open reading frames: a small upstream frame (0 phase), and a longer downstream frame in the -1 phase. The downstream frame shows significant similarity at the amino acid level. A highly conserved region of this frame also exhibits notable similarity with a region of the integrase (endonuclease) domain of retroviruses. Although the overall transposition mechanism of the insertion sequence and retroviral elements is certainly different, the two groups may share additional common features, including a -1 frameshift resulting in the production of a fusion protein.
Supplementary Table from Neoantigen Identification and Response to Adoptive Cell Transfer in Anti–PD-1 Naïve and Experienced Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

Supplementary Table from Neoantigen Identification and Response to Adoptive Cell Transfer in Anti–PD-1 Naïve and Experienced Patients with Metastatic Melanoma
Inhibition of Biventricular Pacemakers by Oversensing of Far‐Field Atrial Depolarization (2002)

This report describes two patients who exhibited far-field oversensing of the P wave by the ventricular channel of a DDD biventricular pacemaker implanted for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Oversensing probably occurred secondary to slight displacement of the left ventricular lead in the coronary venous system. Long-term reliable pacing was restored by decreasing the sensitivity of the ventricular channel.
Synthesis of Indanones via Solid-Supported [2+2+2] Cyclotrimerization (2007)

A new facile approach toward natural and unnatural indanones has been developed, featuring a solid-supported [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization as the key step. This strategy has been applied to the chemo- and regioselective assembly of indanone arrays and to the total synthesis of a recently isolated indanone marine natural product.
Noisy Annotation Refinement for Object Detection (2021)

Supervised training of object detectors requires well-annotated large-scale datasets, whose production is costly. Therefore, some efforts have been made to obtain annotations in economical ways, such as cloud sourcing. However, datasets obtained by these methods tend to contain noisy annotations such as inaccurate bounding boxes and incorrect class labels. In this study, we propose a new problem setting of training object detectors on datasets with entangled noises of annotations of class labels and bounding boxes. Our proposed method efficiently decouples the entangled noises, corrects the noisy annotations, and subsequently trains the detector using the corrected annotations. We verified the effectiveness of our proposed method and compared it with the baseline on noisy datasets with different noise levels. The experimental results show that our proposed method significantly outperforms the baseline.
Epsilon 4 allele of apolipoprotein E gene associates with lower blood pressure in young Japanese subjects: The Suita Study (2002)

We concluded that APOE/epsilon 4 was associated with an increase of plasma lipid levels and with a decrease of systolic blood pressure. The final conclusion on whether APOE/epsilon 4 contributes to the risk for cardiovascular disease will be clarified by analysis of the cumulative incidence, which will be obtained in the future Suita Study.
Multilink Solution for 5G: Efficiency Experimental Studies (2019)

5G-Xcast is a project focused on Broadcast and Multicast Communication Enablers For the Fifth Generation of Wireless Systems. Within the project for the most number of defined use cases it is necessary to provide adequate throughput, delay, reliability, seamless handover etc. For this purpose, multilink approach can be used. This paper describes multilink benefits, its high-level description and implementation to the 5G core architecture for better user experience. Also was described the methodology of the experimental studies to estimate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions. The experiments were conducted in the IRT testbed (Munich) and have shown great increase of the overall QoE.
Real-time process control to prevent CD variation induced by postexposure delay (2000)

One of the major problems for DUV resists is linewidth change owing to Post Exposure Delay (PED). Linewidth is mainly induced by acid diffusion during exposure and baking. Based on the mechanism of the neutralization of organic base and photo generated acid, a model had been generate din our previous study to describe the linewidth variation for different PED times. The derived equation can calculate the minimum elapse time, which will cause linewidth variation to exceed the specification of a specific CD. This work concludes that the smaller CD received a higher percentage of CD variation under PED for an isolated line pattern. Therefore, the minimum acceptable time for the smallest CD can be obtained based on +/- 10 percent of the nominal CD.
A Panel of Regulated Proteins in Serum from Patients with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Cervical Cancer (2014)

We developed a discovery-validation mass-spectrometry-based pipeline to identify a set of proteins that are regulated in serum of patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell cervical cancer using iTRAQ, label-free shotgun, and targeted mass-spectrometric quantification. In the discovery stage we used a "pooling" strategy for the comparative analysis of immunodepleted serum and revealed 15 up- and 26 down-regulated proteins in patients with early- (CES) and late-stage (CLS) cervical cancer. The analysis of nondepleted serum samples from patients with CIN, CES, an CLS and healthy controls showed significant changes in abundance of alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1, alpha-1-antitrypsin, serotransferrin, haptoglobin, alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, and vitamin D-binding protein. We validated our findings using a fast UHPLC/MRM method in an independent set of serum samples from patients with cervical cancer or CIN and healthy controls as well as serum samples from patients with ovarian cancer (more than 400 samples in total). The panel of six proteins showed 67% sensitivity and 88% specificity for discrimination of patients with CIN from healthy controls, a stage of the disease where current protein-based biomarkers, for example, squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA), fail to show any discrimination. Additionally, combining the six-protein panel with SCCA improves the discrimination of patients with CES and CLS from healthy controls.
Mitigating age-related somatic mutation burden (2023)

Genomes are inherently unstable and require constant DNA repair to maintain their genetic information. However, selective pressure has optimized repair mechanisms in somatic cells only to allow transmitting genetic information to the next generation, not to maximize sequence integrity long beyond the reproductive age. Recent studies have confirmed that somatic mutations, due to errors during genome repair and replication, accumulate in tissues and organs of humans and model organisms. Here, we describe recent advances in the quantitative analysis of somatic mutations in vivo. We also review evidence for or against a possible causal role of somatic mutations in aging. Finally, we discuss options to prevent, delay or eliminate de novo, random somatic mutations as a cause of aging.