gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Privacy-Preserving User-Auditable Pseudonym Systems (2017)

Personal information is often gathered and processed in a decentralized fashion. Examples include health records and governmental data bases. To protect the privacy of individuals, no unique user identifier should be used across the different databases. At the same time, the utility of the distributed information needs to be preserved which requires that it be nevertheless possible to link different records if they relate to the same user. Recently, Camenisch and Lehmann (CCS 15) have proposed a pseudonym scheme that addresses this problem by domain-specific pseudonyms. Although being unlinkable, these pseudonyms can be converted by a central authority (the converter). To protect the users' privacy, conversions are done blindly without the converter learning the pseudonyms or the identity of the user. Unfortunately, their scheme sacrifices a crucial privacy feature: transparency. Users are no longer able to inquire with the converter and audit the flow of their personal data. Indeed, such auditability appears to be diametral to the goal of blind pseudonym conversion. In this paper we address these seemingly conflicting requirements and provide a system where user-centric audits logs are created by the oblivious converter while maintaining all privacy properties. We prove our protocol to be UC-secure and give an efficient instantiation using novel building blocks.
Screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds in a naturally infected zebrafish embryo model (2016)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a deadly human pathogen that latently infects a third of the worlds population, resulting in approximately 1.5 million deaths per year. Due to the difficulties and expense of carrying out animal drug trials using M. tuberculosis and rodents, infections of the zebrafish Danio rerio with M. marinum have been used as a surrogate. However the methods so far described require specialised equipment and a high level of operator expertise. We investigated a natural infection model where zebrafish embryos are infected through incubation in media containing M. marinum . Using bioluminescently labelled M. marinum , we have characterised the nature of infection and established a model for interventional drug therapy. We have used a selection of traditional and experimental compounds to validate this model for anti-mycobacterial drug discovery. We observed that only three of the six treatments tested (Delamonid, SN30527 and rifampicin) retarded the growth of M. marinum in vitro. In contrast, five of the six treatments (Pretomanid, Delamanid, SN30488, SN30527 and rifampicin) retarded the growth of M. tuberculosis in vitro. Importantly, these same five treatments significantly reduced the bioluminescent signal from naturally infected zebrafish embryos. Overall this study has demonstrated that zebrafish embryos naturally infected with bioluminescent M. marinum M can be used for the rapid screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds with readily available equipment and limited expertise. The result is an assay that can be carried out by a wide variety of laboratories for minimal cost and without high levels of zebrafish expertise.
Planning and control of UGV formations in a dynamic environment: a practical framework with experiments (2004)

This paper provides a practical framework for planning and control of formations of multiple unmanned ground vehicles to traverse between goal points in a dynamic environment. This framework allows online planning of the formation paths using a Dijkstra's search algorithm based on the current sensor data. The formation is allowed to dynamically change in order to avoid obstacles in the environment while minimizing a cost function aimed at obtaining collision-free and deadlock-free paths. Based on the feasible path for a virtual leader of the group, the trajectory planner satisfies the kinematic constraints of the individual vehicles while accounting for inter-vehicle collision and path constraints. A Lyapunov based controller is designed to keep the vehicles on their planned trajectories. Illustrative simulations of groups of unmanned ground vehicles and their laboratory implementation with three unmanned ground vehicles are presented.
Launching of american journal of blood research. (2011)

With the publication of the first issue, we are pleased to announce that the American Journal of Blood Research (ISSN: 2160-1992) has been successfully launched: www.ajblood.us. We would like to take this opportunity to thank our Editorial Board Members, Authors and Editorial Staff for their enthusiastic participation and strong support to make this possible.

The American Journal of Blood Research is a peer-reviewed, open-access, online journal that serves as a high quality platform to facilitate rapid publication and circulation of novel discoveries in all aspects of basic and clinical sciences for blood and blood diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma and non-malignant blood diseases (such as anemia and autoimmune disorders), as well as novel and original reports on observations with relevance to bone marrow transplantation and the biology of normal hematopoiesis. To achieve these aims, the journal will publish review articles, original articles, and new techniques in blood research and disease therapy. It will also publish hypotheses, case reports, meeting reports, and Letters to the Editor. Although this open access journal is considered as a quarterly journal at this time, its publication frequency will be increased in the near future.

At this exciting time, we would like to extend our cordial invitation to all of our colleagues to consider the American Journal of Blood Research as a future venue for the best of your work.
Adaptive scanning for > 5x speedup in volumetric frame rate with point-scan optical coherence tomography (2022)

Point-scan swept-source optical coherence tomography systems (SS-OCTs) are subject to volumetric framerate limits governed by source sweep rate and scanner dynamics. For scenes with dynamic features on static backgrounds, adaptive scanning escapes these limits by visiting scan positions only as needed. We implemented adaptive scanning using a probabilistic approach that balanced re-imaging of known dynamic positions with exploration for undiscovered ones. We evaluated our approach in model systems that simulated ophthalmic surgery and multi-target tracking using a 200 kHz SS-OCT system. We demonstrated framerate speedups of 6.7x and 8.0x, respectively, performance that would have otherwise required a significantly faster source.
Decentralized Aggregation for Energy-Efficient Federated Learning via Overlapped Clustering and D2D Communications (2022)

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a distributed machine learning (ML) technique to train models without sharing users' private data. In this paper, we propose a decentralized FL scheme that is called \underline{f}ederated \underline{l}earning \underline{e}mpowered \underline{o}verlapped \underline{c}lustering for \underline{d}ecentralized aggregation (FL-EOCD). The introduced FL-EOCD leverages device-to-device (D2D) communications and overlapped clustering to enable decentralized aggregation, where a cluster is defined as a coverage zone of a typical device. The devices located on the overlapped clusters are called bridge devices (BDs). In the proposed FL-EOCD scheme, a clustering topology is envisioned where clusters are connected through BDs, so as the aggregated models of each cluster is disseminated to the other clusters in a decentralized manner without the need for a global aggregator or an additional hop of transmission. Unlike the star-based FL, the proposed FL-EOCD scheme involves a large number of local devices by reusing the RRBs in different non-adjacent clusters. To evaluate our proposed FL-EOCD scheme as opposed to baseline FL schemes, we consider minimizing the overall energy-consumption of devices while maintaining the convergence rate of FL subject to its time constraint. To this end, a joint optimization problem, considering scheduling the local devices/BDs to the CHs and computation frequency allocation, is formulated, where an iterative solution to this joint problem is devised. Extensive simulations are conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed FL-EOCD algorithm over FL conventional schemes in terms of energy consumption, latency, and convergence rate.
Distributed lossy averaging (2009)

An information theoretic formulation of distributed averaging is presented. We assume a network with m nodes each observing an i.i.d. source; the nodes communicate and perform local processing with the goal of computing the average of the sources to within a prescribed mean squared error distortion. The network rate distortion function R* (D) for a 2-node network with correlated Gaussian sources is established. A general cutset lower bound on R* (D) with independent Gaussian sources is established and shown to be achievable to within a factor of 2 via a centralized protocol. A lower bound on the network rate distortion function for distributed weighted-sum protocols that is larger than the cutset bound by a factor of log m is established. An upper bound on the expected network rate distortion function for gossip-based weighted-sum protocols that is only a factor of log log m larger than this lower bound is established. The results suggest that using distributed protocols results in a factor of log m increase in communication relative to centralized protocols.
Synthetic Biology Toolkits for Metabolic Engineering of Cyanobacteria (2019)

Cyanobacteria are of great importance to Earth's ecology. Due to their capability in photosynthesis and C1 metabolism, they are ideal microbial chassis that can be engineered for direct conversion of carbon dioxide and solar energy into biofuels and biochemicals. Facilitated by the elucidation of the basic biology of the photoautotrophic microbes and rapid advances in synthetic biology, genetic toolkits have been developed to enable implementation of nonnatural functionalities in engineered cyanobacteria. Hence, cyanobacteria are fast becoming an emerging platform in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering. Herein, the progress made in the synthetic biology toolkits for cyanobacteria and their utilization for transforming cyanobacteria into microbial cell factories for sustainable production of biofuels and biochemicals is outlined. Current techniques in heterologous gene expression, strategies in genome editing, and development of programmable regulatory parts and modules for engineering cyanobacteria towards biochemical production are discussed and prospected. As cyanobacteria synthetic biology is still in its infancy, apart from the achievements made, the difficulties and challenges in applying and developing genetic toolkits in cyanobacteria for biochemical production are also evaluated.
The enthesis: a review of the tendon-to-bone insertion (2019)

The integration of tendon into bone occurs at a specialized interface known as the enthesis. The fibrous tendon to bone enthesis is established through a structurally continuous gradient from uncalcified tendon to calcified bone. The enthesis exhibits gradients in tissue organization classified into four distinct zones with varying cellular compositions, mechanical properties, and functions in order to facilitate joint movement. Damage to tendinous insertions is common in the field of orthopaedic medicine and often involves surgical intervention that requires the attempted recreation of the natural organization of tendon into bone. The difficulty associated with recreating the distinct organization may account for the surgical challenges associated with reconstruction of damaged insertion sites. These procedures are often associated with high failure rates and consequently require revision procedures. Management of tendinous injuries and recon-struction of the insertion site is becoming a popular topic in the field of orthopaedic medicine.
Mechanisms of Androgen Receptor Activation in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2013)

Systemic treatment of advanced prostate cancer is initiated with androgen deprivation therapy by gonadal testosterone depletion. Response durations are variable and tumors nearly always become resistant as castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), which is driven, at least in part, by a continued dependence on the androgen receptor (AR). The proposed mechanisms that underlie AR function in this clinical setting are quite varied. These include intratumoral synthesis of androgens from inactive precursors, increased AR expression, AR activation through tyrosine kinase-dependent signaling, alterations in steroid receptor coactivators, and expression of a truncated AR with constitutive activity. Various pharmacologic interventions have clinically validated some of these mechanisms, such as those that require the AR ligand-binding domain. Clinical studies have failed to validate other mechanisms, and additional mechanisms have yet to be tested in patients with CRPC. Here, we review the mechanisms that elicit AR activity in CRPC, with a particular focus on recent developments.
Direct optical lithography of functional inorganic nanomaterials (2017)

Photolithography is an important manufacturing process that relies on using photoresists, typically polymer formulations, that change solubility when illuminated with ultraviolet light. Here, we introduce a general chemical approach for photoresist-free, direct optical lithography of functional inorganic nanomaterials. The patterned materials can be metals, semiconductors, oxides, magnetic, or rare earth compositions. No organic impurities are present in the patterned layers, which helps achieve good electronic and optical properties. The conductivity, carrier mobility, dielectric, and luminescence properties of optically patterned layers are on par with the properties of state-of-the-art solution-processed materials. The ability to directly pattern all-inorganic layers by using a light exposure dose comparable with that of organic photoresists provides an alternate route for thin-film device manufacturing.
A Novel Bispecific Antibody against Human CD3 and Ephrin Receptor A10 for Breast Cancer Therapy (2015)

Ephrin receptor A10 (EphA10), a transmembrane receptor that binds to ephrin, is a newly identified breast cancer marker protein that has also been detected in HER2-negative tissue. In this study, we report creation of a novel bispecific antibody (BsAb) binding both EphA10 and CD3, thereby forming a bridge between antigens expressed on both tumor and immune cells and promoting recognition of tumor cells by immune cells and redirection of cytotoxic T cells (CTL). This BsAb (EphA10/CD3) was expressed in supernatants of BsAb gene-transfected cells as monomeric and dimeric molecules. Redirected T-cell lysis was observed when monomeric and dimeric BsAb were added to EphA10-overexpressing tumor cells in vitro. Furthermore, dimeric BsAb (EphA10/CD3) was more cytotoxic than monomeric BsAb, with efficient tumor cell lysis elicited by lower concentrations ( 10 -1 g/mL) and a lower effector to target (E/T) cell ratio (E/T = 2.5). Dimeric BsAb (EphA10/CD3) also showed significant antitumor effects in human xenograft mouse models. Together, these results revealed opportunities to redirect the activity of CTL towards tumor cells that express EphA10 using the BsAb (EphA10/CD3), which could be tested in future clinical trials as a novel and potent therapeutic for breast cancer tumors.
Immune assay using a micro-flow channels detected by a terahertz chemical microscopy (2018)

We have developed a terahertz chemical microscopy (TCM) to visualize various types of chemical reactions. Here, a micro-flow channels were fabricated on a sensing plate, and measured time evolution of immune reactions using the TCM.
Basic Examination for Three-dimensional Phase-sensitive Inversion Recovery (3D PSIR) Method by Late Gadolinium Enhancement of Non-breath-hold Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Image (2011)

In the 3D PSIR method, we recognized the signal intensity to make the width of step, maximum, and we recognized that the TI range, to keep the effective signal intensity difference constant, was limited on each phantom. The more this TI range decreased the bigger the difference in the FA and signal intensity. The set-up range of TI for the segment number remained the same. In the clinical setting, we recognized a good correlation between the 3D PSIR method (TI 300 ms, FA 20°) and the IR method (r=0.905, p<0.001). The imaging parameter that can be used in the clinical setting with the 3D PSIR method is FA 20° TI 200-300 ms, with the segment number adjusted by the cardiac cycle.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Isomeric Dideoxydidehydronucleosides (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Inhibition of Autophagy by Mevalonate Pathway Inhibitors, a New Therapeutic Approach to sensitize Glioblastoma Cells to Temozolomide Induced Apoptosis (2018)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor with an approximate 20 month survival rate after diagnosis and treatment. Temozolomide (TMZ), the chemotherapeutic drug of choice for GBM, is an alkylating agent that causes DNA damage. TMZ treatment results in the induction of apoptosis in GBM cells, however, it induces autophagy and consequently chemoresistance. Statins are mevalonate (MEV) cascade inhibitors with beneficial effects on the enhancement of the survival rate of patients with different types of cancer, particulary if consumed long term before diagnosis of cancer. Here, we determined the effect of simvastatin (Simva), a blood brain barrier permeable statin, on the sensitization of GBM cells to TMZ induced apoptosis through inhibition of autophagy flux. We pretreated two GMB cell lines, U251 and U87 cells, with low doses of Simva (1 and 2.5 μM, respectively) with or without different intermediates of the mevalonate cascade: MEV (2.5 mM), Farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) (15 μM), Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) (15 μM) and cholesterol (50 μM) for 4 h and then treated cells with TMZ (100 μM) for 48–96 h. A signficiantly reduced viability and increase in the population of apoptotic dead cells were observed in GBM cells treated with the combination of Simva‐TMZ compared to cells treated with TMZ alone. Addition of MEV, FPP, GGPP and cholesterol did not attenuate these effects significantly. Sima‐TMZ treatment did not alter the total cholesterol pool in U87 and U251 cells compared to controls. Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the combination of Simva with TMZ inhibited autophagic flux. Overall, the results suggest that sensitization of GBM cells to TMZ‐induced apoptosis by Simva is independent on the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway but may involve inhibition of autophagy flux. Support or Funding Information Supported by funding from a Mitacs Accelerate PDF Award &amp; a Health Science Center Foundation Operating Grant. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Formation Pathway for LTA Zeolite Crystals Synthesized via a Charge Density Mismatch Approach (2012)

A solid understanding of the molecular-level mechanisms responsible for zeolite crystallization remains one of the most challenging issues in modern zeolite science. Here we investigated the formation pathway for high-silica LTA zeolite crystals in the simultaneous presence of tetraethylammonium (TEA(+)), tetramethylammonium (TMA(+)), and Na(+) ions as structure-directing agents (SDAs) with the goal of better understanding the charge density mismatch synthesis approach, which was designed to foster cooperation between two or more different SDAs. Nucleation was found to begin with the formation of lta-cages rather than the notably smaller sod and d4r-cages, with concomitant incorporation of TMA(+) and Na(+) into a very small amount of the solid phase with a low Si/Al ratio (ca. 2.5). The overall characterization results of our work demonstrate that sod-cages are first built around the preorganized lta-cages and that d4r-cages are in turn constructed by the progressive addition of low-molecular-weight (alumino)silicate species, which promotes the formation and growth of embryonic LTA zeolite crystals. We also show that the crystal growth may take place by a similar process in which TEA(+) is also incorporated, forming a single LTA zeolite phase with a higher Si/Al ratio (ca. 3.3).
Cataloging in the "Paperless Information" Age (1991)

It has been several years since the revised edition of Chapter 9 of AACR2 has been in effect. Catalogers have experienced a number of problems as they have attempted to work within these rules. This paper reviews some of these problems and examines the adequacy of Chapter 9 for providing current and future access to information in electronically readable form. As we move toward a non-print environment, the role of cataloging will need to adjust in recognition of the unique features of computer media.
Background Optimization in Full System Binary Translation (2011)

Binary translation and dynamic optimization are widely used to provide compatibility between legacy and promising upcoming architectures on the level of executable binary codes. Dynamic optimization is one of the key contributors to dynamic binary translation system performance. At the same time it can be a major source of overhead, both in terms of CPU cycles and whole system latency, as long as optimization time is included in the execution time of the application under translation. One of the solutions that allow to eliminate dynamic optimization overhead is to perform optimization simultaneously with the execution, in a separate thread. In the paper we present implementation of this technique in full system dynamic binary translator. For this purpose, an infrastructure for multithreaded execution was implemented in binary translation system. This allowed running dynamic optimization in a separate thread independently of and concurrently with the main thread of execution of binary codes under translation. Depending on the computational resources available, this is achieved whether by interleaving the two threads on a single processor core or by moving optimization thread to an underutilized processor core. In the first case the latency introduced to the system by a computational intensive dynamic optimization is reduced. In the second case overlapping of execution and optimization threads also results in elimination of optimization time from the total execution time of original binary codes.
Measurement of angularly dependent spectra of betatron gamma-rays from a laser plasma accelerator with quadrant-sectored range filters (2016)

Measurement of angularly dependent spectra of betatron gamma-rays radiated by GeV electron beams from laser wakefield accelerators (LWFAs) are presented. The angle-resolved spectrum of betatron radiation was deconvolved from the position dependent data measured for a single laser shot with a broadband gamma-ray spectrometer comprising four-quadrant sectored range filters and an unfolding algorithm, based on the Monte Carlo code GEANT4. The unfolded gamma-ray spectra in the photon energy range of 0.1–10 MeV revealed an approximately isotropic angular dependence of the peak photon energy and photon energy-integrated fluence. As expected by the analysis of betatron radiation from LWFAs, the results indicate that unpolarized gamma-rays are emitted by electrons undergoing betatron motion in isotropically distributed orbit planes.