gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure/Temperature Sensing Bimodal Electronic Skin with Stimulus Discriminability and Linear Sensitivity (2018)

Human skin imperfectly discriminates between pressure and temperature stimuli under mixed stimulation, and exhibits nonlinear sensitivity to each stimulus. Despite great advances in the field of electronic skin (E-skin), the limitations of human skin have not previously been overcome. For the first time, the development of a stimulus-discriminating and linearly sensitive bimodal E-skin that can simultaneously detect and discriminate pressure and temperature stimuli in real time is reported. By introducing a novel device design and using a temperature-independent material, near-perfect stimulus discriminability is realized. In addition, the hierarchical contact behavior of the surface-wrinkled microstructure and the optimally reduced graphene oxide in the E-skin contribute to linear sensitivity to applied pressure/temperature stimuli over wide intensity range. The E-skin exhibits a linear and high pressure sensitivity of 0.7 kPa<sup>-1</sup> up to 25 kPa. Its operation is also robust and exhibits fast response to pressure stimulus within 50 ms. In the case of temperature stimulus, the E-skin shows a linear and reproducible temperature coefficient of resistance of 0.83% K<sup>-1</sup> in the temperature range 22-70 °C and fast response to temperature change within 100 ms. In addition, two types of stimuli are simultaneously detected and discriminated in real time by only impedance measurements.
Anomalous acute inflammatory response in rabbit corneal stroma. (2000)

The anterior stromal swelling occurs rapidly and near the site of epithelial injury suggesting messenger and/or enzymatic involvement with an effect parallel to apoptosis. Reduction of the swelling response with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) implicates the cyclooxygenase pathway. The swelling is similar to the unexplained acute edema that occurs during inflammation in the rat paw edema model, and may represent a general mechanism for mobilization of inflammatory cells.
Copper iodide semiconductor: a non-hygroscopic, bright red-emitting scintillator for X-ray and gamma-ray detection (2022)

Abstract In this work, the inverse temperature crystallization and scintillation properties of copper iodide (CuI) semiconductors are presented. Single crystal of a γ -CuI is very attractive for X- and gamma-ray detection applications due to its non-hygroscopic and excellent light yield with long-wavelength emission in the red. The grown crystal shows an almost colorless and transparent feature and exhibits a red emission band peaking at 730 nm with a fluorescence quantum efficiency (QE) of 43% under excitation at 416 nm. The photoluminescence (PL) decay time constant was estimated to be approximately 175 ns (20%) and 2507 ns (80%) using an exponential fitting. The X-ray excited scintillation band appeared near the wavelength of 720 nm. The scintillation light yield reached 80000 photons MeV –1 compared with a CsI:Tl commercial scintillator.
Experiments with the Underwater Bubble Low Frequency Sound Resonator (2018)

An infra-sound source with a resonator in the form of an underwater bubble made from an elastic material is a simple engineering solution. The elastic membrane supports high volume displacement and a large radiation aperture. The Rayleigh-Plesset equation defines the dynamics of a spherical bubble including surface tension and viscous effects. The shape of a large bubble deforms due to gravitational effects. Its internal pressure oscillations are comparable with the difference of gravity pressure and these effects are part of its dynamics. The real Q-factor of a practical bubble is smaller than theoretical. The underwater bubble resonator was studied experimentally in the pool and at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution’s dock. The research includes the 3D finite-element analysis and its comparison with the experimental data. The study gave the real values for the Q-factor, resonance frequencies and sound pressure levels. The experimental resonator has good performance with a maximum SPL 190 dB at the resonance frequency 6-12 Hz. It was shown that a cylindrical resonator can be towed with a speed of 8 knots. The research proved that this is a practical approach for a coherent low frequency sound source, which can find applications in a marine seismic survey.
Optimized non-uniform sampling of blood pressure time series from the operating room (2020)

An optimized non-uniform measurement schedule can lead to approximately 50% reduction of reconstruction RMSE for systolic, mean, and diastolic blood pressure time series with respect to uniform sampling, while maintaining the same average sampling rate.
<title>Novel approximate approach for high-quality image reconstruction in helical cone-beam CT at arbitrary pitch</title> (2001)

We present a novel approximate image reconstruction technique for helical cone-beam CT, called the Advanced Multiple Plane Reconstruction (AMPR). The method is an extension of the ASSR algorithm presented in Medical Physics vol. 27, no. 4, 2000 by Kachelriess et al. In the ASSR, the pitch is fixed to a certain value and dose usage is not optimum. These limitations have been overcome in the AMPR algorithm by reconstructing several image planes from any given half scan range of projection angles. The image planes are tilted in two orientations so as to optimally use the data available on the detector. After reconstruction of several sets of tilted images, a subsequent interpolation step reformats the oblique image planes to a set of voxels sampled on a cartesian grid. Using our novel approach on a scanner with 16 slices, we can achieve image quality superior to what is currently a standard for four-slice scanners. Dose usage in the order of 95% for all pitch values can be achieved. We present simulations of semi-antropomorphic phantoms using a standard CT scanner geometry and a 16 slice design.
Optimización farmacocinética y dietoterápica en un paciente pediátrico con síndrome de Dravet (2012)

Dravet Syndrome (DS) is one of the most complex children's neurological syndromes and with worse prognosis. In approaching this syndrome, it is proposed an optimization of the pharmacological therapy through pharmacokinetic monitoring, while the possibility of controlling the disease through the implementation of a ketogenic diet is one more alternative to be taken into account. We discuss the case of a child affected with DS in which we explore all the current treatment possibilities as well as the usefulness of pharmacokinetics, not only for achieving therapeutic levels, but to avoid dose-dependent adverse effects. On the other hand, we show the complexity of managing these patients through dietotherapy and its benefits, highlighting the importance of approaching this type of complex cases from a multidisciplinary point of view, this time with the participation of pharmacists, nutritionists and pediatricians
Leveling of Microvias by Electroplating for Wafer Level Packaging (2007)

The filling of microvias with diameters between 30 and 100 µm and aspect ratios up to 2.5 in silicon wafers, was investigated to determine the performance of copper electroplating. An electrolyte with a low leveler concentration was only suitable for filling microvias with aspect ratios below 1. An increase of the leveler concentration enabled the filling of microvias with higher aspect ratios. The fill-up evolution shows a bottom-up plating behavior. Electrochemical measurements show that for conditions prevailing at the bottom of the via, the electrodeposition rate is enhanced while for conditions prevailing at the top, it is inhibited. This difference originates from a concentration gradient of leveler inside the via and different convection conditions inside and outside the via.
Digital photonic production along the lines of industry 4.0 (2018)

The context of future laser applications in modern manufacturing can be summarized by Digital Photonic Production (DPP). “From Bits to Photons to Atoms” describes the vision of DPP: Designing a component or product in the computer and creating it directly by additive or subtractive photon based processes or production-systems.
Performance study of the implementation of green communications in LTE networks (2012)

The application of green communications to LTE networks is analyzed. An approach to reassign mobile users to different LTE BSs is proposed. The objective is to achieve energy savings by switching off lightly loaded BSs without compromising the tolerable outage rate in the network. The proposed approach takes into account the uplink and downlink directions, intercell interference, and scheduling. The proposed method was studied via simulations under different quality-of-service requirements in the uplink and downlink. The results show that significant savings can be achieved by the proposed approach, without increasing the outage rate in the network.
The Capacity of Memoryless Channels With Sampled Cyclostationary Gaussian Noise (2019)

Non-orthogonal communications play an important role in future digital communication architectures. In such scenarios, the received signal is corrupted by an interfering communications signal, which is much stronger than the thermal noise, and is often modeled as a cyclostationary process in continuous-time. To facilitate digital processing, the receiver typically samples the received signal synchronously with the symbol rate of the information signal. If the period of the statistics of the interference is synchronized with that of the information signal, then the sampled interference is modeled as a discrete-time (DT) cyclostationary random process. However, in the common interference scenario, the period of the statistics of the interference is not necessarily synchronized with that of the information signal. In such cases, the DT interference may be modeled as an almost cyclostationary random process. In this work we characterize the capacity of DT memoryless additive noise channels in which the noise arises from a sampled cyclostationary Gaussian process. For the case of synchronous sampling, capacity can be obtained in closed form. When sampling is not synchronized with the symbol rate of the interference, the resulting channel is not information stable, thus classic information-theoretic tools are not applicable. Using information spectrum methods, we prove that capacity can be obtained as the limit of a sequence of capacities of channels with additive cyclostationary Gaussian noise. Our results allow to characterize the effects of changes in the sampling rate and sampling time offset on the capacity of the resulting DT channel. In particular, it is demonstrated that minor variations in the sampling period, such that the resulting noise switches from being synchronously-sampled to being asynchronously-sampled, can substantially change the capacity.
Electro-optic intensity modulators at <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><mi>λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mn>5</mn><mo> </mo><mi>μ</mi><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mtext>m</mtext></mstyle></math></inline-formula> utilizing strain-optic effects in <inline-formula><math display="inline" overflow="scroll"><msub><mi>LiNbO</mi><mrow><mstyle mathvariant="normal"><mtext>3</mtext></mstyle></mrow></msub></math></inline-formula> (2001)

Electro-optic intensity modulators at ? = 1.55 ?m are produced in LiNbO3 substrates using strain-induced channel waveguides formed by magnetron deposition of a surface metal film and lift-off technology. The static strain resulting from thermal expansion mismatch between the substrate and the metal film that is caused by the plasma temperature during deposition induces a localized increase in the refractive index via the strain-optic effect. Modulation depth of 100% at a ?-rad voltage of 16.1 V is demonstrated. Electro-optic modulation behaviors in channel waveguides fabricated using strain inducing surface metal film are compared to ones formed by thick SiO2 surface film.
Mechanistic Analysis of Photopolymerization Reactions in the Presence of HABI/Hydrogen Donor Photoinitiating System (2004)

The comparative efficiency of two multi-component photoinitiating systems (PIS) : EAB/Cl-HABI/NPG and C1/Cl-HABI/NPG (where Cl-HABI is a bisimidazole derivative, EAB an aminobenzophenone, NPG N-phenylglycine, C1 coumarin 1) are investigated through real time FT-IR, time-resolved laser spectroscopy and steady state analytical techniques. The investigation of the excited state processes in these multi-component photoinitiating systems, the elaboration of a general picture for the mechanisms encountered in the different PIS and a discussion on the relative efficiency of these PIS are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 1‐Deazaadenosine. (1988)

Abstract 1‐Deazaadenosine (VI) is prepared from the N‐oxide (I) as shown in the reaction scheme.
Expression of pregnancy-associated glycoprotein 1 and 2 genes in in vivo, in vitro and parthenogenetically derived preimplantation pig embryos (2001)

The objective of this study was to determine whether porcine PAG (poPAG) genes are expressed in embryos as they develop from the 1-cell stage to expanded blastocysts, and whether expression differed according to how embryos had been derived. Embryos at various preimplantation stages were assayed after in vivo fertilisation, after in vitro fertilisation of in vitro -matured oocytes, or following parthenogenetic activation of in vitro -matured oocytes. The presence of PAG transcripts was determined at the1-, 2-, and 4-cell, compact morula and blastocyst stages by reverse transcription-PCR procedures with PAG 1- and PAG 2-specific primers, followed by Southern blotting. The mRNAs for poPAG 1 and 2 were detected in in vitro -derived, in vivo -derived and parthenogenetically derived blastocyst stage embryos. In some replications poPAG 1 could be detected as early as the compact morula stage and poPAG 2 could be detected as early as the 4-cell stage. Our study revealed that poPAG 1 and 2 genes are expressed as early as the compact morula stage and 4-cell stage, respectively, in normal embryos and in parthenogenetically derived blastocysts. Thus it appears that the poPAGs are not maternally imprinted and they may be useful as potential candidates for markers of developmental competence.
Incorporation of mRNA in Lamellar Lipid Matrices for Parenteral Administration (2017)

Insertion of high molecular weight messenger RNA (mRNA) into lyotropic lipid phases as model systems for controlled release formulations for the mRNA was investigated. Low fractions of 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP) were used as an anchor to load the mRNA into a lamellar lipid matrix. Dispersions of zwitterionic lipid in the aqueous phase in the presence of increasing fractions of mRNA and cationic lipid were prepared, and the molecular organization was investigated as a function of mRNA and cationic lipid fraction. Insertion of both cationic lipid and mRNA was clearly proven from the physicochemical characteristics. The d-spacing of the lipid bilayers, as determined by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements, responded sensitively to the amount of inserted DOTAP and mRNA. A concise model of the insertion of the mRNA in the lipid matrices was derived, indicating that the mRNA was accommodated in the aqueous slab between lipid bilayers. Depending on the DOTAP and mRNA fraction, a different excess of water was present in this slab. Results from further physicochemical characterization, including determination of free and bound mRNA, zeta potential, and calorimetry data, were in line with this assumption. The structure of these concentrated lipid/mRNA preparations was maintained upon dilution. The functionality of the inserted mRNA was proven by cell culture experiments using C2C12 murine myoblast cells with the luciferase-encoding mRNA. The described lipid phases as carriers for the mRNA may be applicable for different routes of local administration, where control of the release kinetics and the form of the released mRNA (bound or free) is required.
New Concepts In 100 GHz High-efficiency Photodetectors (1993)

Passive components have been integrated with high-speed (>100 GHz), high-efficiency (>30%) photodiodes to enhance their usable frequency response. Travelling-wave photodetectors capable of> 100 GHz bandwidth with nearly 100% internal quantum efficiency have been proposed and analyzed using a distributed model.
Suppression of indium clustering and quantum confined stark effect of InGaN LED on silicon (111) (2019)

Optical properties of InGaN/GaN multi-quantum-well (MQWs) grown on sapphire and on Si(111) are reported. The tensile strain in the MQW on Si is shown to be beneficial for indium incorporation and Quantum-confined Stark Effect reduction in the multi-quantum wells. Raman spectroscopy reveals compressive strains of -0.107% in MQW on sapphire and tensile strain of +0.088% in MQW on Si. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence shows in MQW on sapphire a strong (30 meV peak-to-peak) S-shaped wavelength shift with decreasing temperature (6 K to 300K), whereas MQW on Si luminescence wavelength is stable and red-shifts monotonically. Micro-photoluminescence mapping over 200 by 200 &mu;m<sup>2</sup> shows the emission wavelength spatial uniformity of MQW on Si is 2.6 times higher than MQW on sapphire, possibly due to a more uniform indium incorporation in the multi-quantum-wells as a result of the tensile strain in MQW on Si. A positive correlation between emission energy and intensity is observed in MQW on sapphire but not in those on Si. Despite the lower crystal quality of MQW on Si revealed by atomic force microscopy, it exhibits a higher internal quantum efficiency (IQE) than MQW on sapphire from 6 K to 250 K, and equalizes at 300 K. Overall, MQW on Si exhibits a high IQE, higher wavelength spatial uniformity and temperature stability, while providing a much more scalable platform than MQW on sapphire for next generation integrated photonics.
ChemInform Abstract: Rearrangement of exo‐Methylenecephams to Homocephams. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reliable Location-Based Services from Radio Navigation Systems (2010)

Loran is a radio-based navigation system originally designed for naval applications. We show that Loran-C's high-power and high repeatable accuracy are fantastic for security applications. First, we show how to derive a precise location tag--with a sensitivity of about 20 meters--that is difficult to project to an exact location. A device can use our location tag to block or allow certain actions, without knowing its precise location. To ensure that our tag is reproducible we make use of fuzzy extractors, a mechanism originally designed for biometric authentication. We build a fuzzy extractor specifically designed for radio-type errors and give experimental evidence to show its effectiveness. Second, we show that our location tag is difficult to predict from a distance. For example, an observer cannot predict the location tag inside a guarded data center from a few hundreds of meters away. As an application, consider a location-aware disk drive that will only work inside the data center. An attacker who steals the device and is capable of spoofing Loran-C signals, still cannot make the device work since he does not know what location tag to spoof. We provide experimental data supporting our unpredictability claim.
The role of HIF prolyl hydroxylases in tumour growth (2010)

Tumour hypoxia is a well-known microenvironmental factor that causes cancer progression and resistance to cancer treatment. This involves multiple mechanisms of which the best-understood ones are mediated through transcriptional gene activation by the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). HIFs in turn are regulated in response to oxygen availability by a family of iron- and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenases, the HIF prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs). PHDs inactivate HIFs in normoxia by activating degradation of the HIF-alpha subunit but release HIF activation in poorly oxygenated conditions. The function of HIF in tumours is fairly well characterized but our understanding on the outcome of PHDs in tumours is much more limited. Here we review the function of PHDs on the HIF system, the expression of PHDs in human tumours as well as their putative function in cancer. The PHDs may have either tumour promoting or suppressing activity. Their outcome in cancer depends on the cell and cancer type-specific expression and on the availability of diverse natural PHD inhibitors in tumours. Moreover, besides the action of PHDs on HIF, recent data suggest PHD function in non-HIF signalling. Together the data illustrate a complex operation of the oxygen sensors in cancer.
A large language model for electronic health records (2022)

There is an increasing interest in developing artificial intelligence (AI) systems to process and interpret electronic health records (EHRs). Natural language processing (NLP) powered by pretrained language models is the key technology for medical AI systems utilizing clinical narratives. However, there are few clinical language models, the largest of which trained in the clinical domain is comparatively small at 110 million parameters (compared with billions of parameters in the general domain). It is not clear how large clinical language models with billions of parameters can help medical AI systems utilize unstructured EHRs. In this study, we develop from scratch a large clinical language model-GatorTron-using >90 billion words of text (including >82 billion words of de-identified clinical text) and systematically evaluate it on five clinical NLP tasks including clinical concept extraction, medical relation extraction, semantic textual similarity, natural language inference (NLI), and medical question answering (MQA). We examine how (1) scaling up the number of parameters and (2) scaling up the size of the training data could benefit these NLP tasks. GatorTron models scale up the clinical language model from 110 million to 8.9 billion parameters and improve five clinical NLP tasks (e.g., 9.6% and 9.5% improvement in accuracy for NLI and MQA), which can be applied to medical AI systems to improve healthcare delivery. The GatorTron models are publicly available at: https://catalog.ngc.nvidia.com/orgs/nvidia/teams/clara/models/gatortron_og .
Efficient calculation of the acoustic radiation from transiently excited uniform and apodised rectangular apertures (1993)

An efficient technique for calculating the pressure at arbitrary points in the field of a transiently excited rectangular piston is presented. Emphasis is placed on efficiency and clarity. These properties make it particularly attractive for evaluating the field characteristics of phased array systems comprising a large number of rectangular elements. It is well known that sidelobe levels in the field of an acoustic transducer can be reduced by applying an apodisation function to the source. With this in mind, an extremely efficient extension to the basic technique is presented for determining the diffracted response of a rectangular source possessing an apodisation profile composed of one or more linear apodisation segments. The technique exploits an analytic integral in place of the computationally intensive numerical integral normally employed. Finally, the algorithm has been incorporated into an array model and both theoretical and experimental results for steered phased arrays are presented
SINGLE PEPTIDE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN γ-GLOBULINS OF DIFFERENT GENETIC (Gm) TYPES (1964)

Note added in proof: