gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Malignant Melanotic Neurocristic Tumors Arising in Neurocristic Hamartomas (1996)

Cutaneous neurocristic hamartomas (CNH) are pigmented lesions of neural crest origin that involve the skin and superficial soft tissue. They consist of a complex proliferation of nevomelanocytes, schwann cells, and pigmented dendritic and spindled cells. Malignancies can arise within the lesions, but few studies have dealt with this issue. We studied seven cases of CNH in which malignancy supervened. They included four congenital and three acquired lesions that involved the head and neck (five cases) or back (two cases) in patients aged from 11 to 67 (mean, 32) years. Malignant tumors developed 15 to 67 (mean, 32) years after identification of the pigmented lesion in the congenital CNH and after 1 to 6 (mean 3.5) years in the acquired CNH. The malignant tumors had a deep intradermal or subcutaneous origin and lacked a junctional component. Most were circumscribed, multinodular, melanin-containing tumors composed of bland, small, rounded to spindled cells, focally displaying a trabecular or nested growth pattern. Nuclear palisading and perivascular pseudorosettes were present in several tumors. In two examples, the neoplasm consisted predominantly of large pleomorphic epithelioid cells. Tumors contained immunoreactive S-100 protein (all of seven cases), a melanoma-associated antigen (HMB-45)( five of six cases, neuron-specific enolase (five of seven cases) and vimentin (six of six cases). The four patients with congenital lesions tended to have multiple recurrences and died of disease after 2 to 20 (mean, 9) years, three with metastases, one with direct invasion of the posterior fossa. The three patients with acquired lesions are alive after 1 to 5 years two with persistent disease. In contrast to common melanomas, these tumors have a propensity to recur as bulky nodules and to metastasize after many years or decades. Because these tumors exhibit melanocytic differentiation and arise in hamartomatous lesions composed of neural crest derivatives, we have designated them cutaneous malignant melanotic neurocristic tumors.
Untersuchungen zum Donator‐Acceptor‐Verhalten von Reaktionskompositen zwischen Polybutadienepoxiden und anorganischen Oberflächen (1989)

Abstract Für die Untersuchungen wurden Reaktionskomposite aus Polybutadienepoxiden mit unterschiedlichem Epoxidierungsgrad und anorganischen SiO 2 ‐ und Al 2 O 3 ‐Oberflächen verwendet. Die Charakterisierung des Donator‐Acceptor‐Verhaltens erfolgte mit Hilfe von Zeta‐Potential‐Messungen in 1,2‐Dichlorethan und Komplexbildung mit Fe(phen) 2 (CN) 2 . Die Charakterisierung der Fe(phen) 2 (CN) 2 ‐Adsorbate erfolgte durch UV‐Reflexionsspektroskopie. Mit zunehmendem Reaktionsgrad der Oberfläche kommt es zu einem linearen Anstieg des Zeta‐Potentials in positive Potentialbereiche gegenüber 1,2‐Dichlorethan. Zwischen den Werten des Zeta‐Potentials der SiO 2 ‐Reaktionskomposite und den UV‐Absorptionsmaxima des Fe(phen) 2 (CN) 2 ‐Adsorbats ergeben sich Beziehungen, die Aussagen zum Acceptorverhalten der Oberflächen gestatten. Die Besonderheiten der Adsorbatbildung von Aluminiumoxidkompositen mit Fe(phen) 2 (CN) 2 werden in bezug auf Zeta‐Potential‐Messungen diskutiert.
Manufacturing: A Strategic Opportunity for Engineering Education (2001)

Abstract This paper examines the importance of the manufacturing enterprise and the need for manufacturing education. The objective is to present a case for the expansion of manufacturing‐related education as a strategic opportunity for engineering education. A brief history of engineering education is presented, as well as an exploration of the current ABET criteria for various engineering disciplines. Approaches for achieving manufacturing‐related education are presented noting that Mechanical Engineering and Industrial Engineering are often most closely associated with manufacturing. Surveys of industry reveal the need for manufacturing education and identify preferred approaches. If manufacturing is to be included as part of a mechanical engineering program, there are a number of possible approaches. Of all the new technologies that will impact engineering education, none is larger than the Internet. The number of manufacturing educational programs in the United States is growing substantially. New manufacturing programs are encouraged along with review of educational content in traditional engineering disciplines‐especially the related discipline of mechanical engineering. Analysis leads us to believe that manufacturing represents a strategic direction and opportunity for engineering education to pursue.
Intradermal vaccination of MUC1 transgenic mice with MUC1/IL-18 plasmid DNA inhibits experimental pulmonary metastases (2004)

1278 MUC1 (mucin 1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein normally expressed on the ductal epithelia of the pancreas, breast, prostate, colon, and lung. However, in adenocarcinomas of these organs, this self-antigen is over-expressed and aberrantly glycosylated, thereby making it a promising tumor-associated antigen. Immunotherapy targeting tumor cells expressing this form of MUC1 could have great therapeutic value. Towards this end, we developed a DNA vaccine comprised of two plasmids encoding MUC1 (pMUC1) and interleukin-18 (pIL-18), and found that it protects MUC1 transgenic mice from subcutaneous tumor challenge by inducing MUC1-specific cellular immunity. We have now examined the possibility of targeting pulmonary metastases with pMUC1/pIL-18 DNA immunization in both preventive and therapeutic settings in MUC1 transgenic mice. We found that intradermal vaccination of pMUC1 DNA alone was insufficient to elicit anti-tumor effects, as measured by incidence of lung metastasis and number of tumor nodules. However, co-administration of pMUC1 with an adjuvant plasmid encoding IL-18 (pIL-18) prior to tumor challenge dramatically reduced the incidence of experimental tumor metastases in the lung. Mice immunized with pMUC1/pIL-18 also showed a prolonged survival compared to control mice. Furthermore, mice immunized with pMUC1/pIL-18 were protected from challenge with MUC1+ tumor cells, but not from MUC1- tumors, indicating that the anti-tumor effect is antigen-specific. Finally, pMUC1/pIL-18 DNA vaccination was effective in treating pre-established pulmonary metastases. Collectively, these results demonstrate that vaccination with pMUC1/pIL-18 breaks tolerance to MUC1 and induces antigen-specific immunity with protective and therapeutic benefit. This suggests that pMUC1/pIL-18 DNA vaccination may provide clinical benefit for cancer patients with MUC1+ tumors.
Using cerium chloride to control soluble orthophosphate concentration and improve the dewaterability of sludge: Part I. Mechanistic understanding (2019)

Cerium chloride (CeCl<sub>3</sub> ), being a superior orthophosphate (OP) precipitant, was found to be able to significantly improve sludge dewaterability in terms of sludge cake dryness and capillary suction time. In order to offer insights into the mechanism behind OP removal associated dewaterability improvement, the change in sludge specific resistance to filtration (SRF), compressibility (K), and bound water contents (U<sub>b</sub> ) in response to CeCl<sub>3</sub> and CePO<sub>4</sub> addition at the two cationic polymer doses was mathematically simulated. Results showed that 29.8 g/kg dry solid CePO<sub>4</sub> addition was able to decrease the SRF by 52%, decrease the U<sub>b</sub> by 42%, and reduce the K by 18%. Importantly, CeCl<sub>3</sub> addition of equal cerium molarity showed even higher SRF and U<sub>b</sub> reductions by 67% and 54%, respectively, but the same K reduction. A new theory depicting how the OP has outcompeted negatively charged sludge particles for cationic polymers is put forward in this study to interpret the effect of OP removal on sludge dewaterability improvement. PRACTITIONER POINTS: Efficient orthophosphate (OP) removal and sludge dewaterability improvement were achieved with CeCl<sub>3</sub> addition. Both CePO<sub>4</sub> precipitate and OP removal contributed to the improved dewaterability. Competition between OP and sludge particles for cationic polymers was explained.
Ectopic induction of tendon and ligament in rats by growth and differentiation factors 5, 6, and 7, members of the TGF-beta gene family. (1997)

Little is known about the regulatory signals involved in tendon and ligament formation, and this lack of understanding has hindered attempts to develop biologically based therapies for tendon and ligament repair. Here we report that growth and differentiation factors (GDFs) 5, 6, and 7, members of the TGF-beta gene superfamily that are most related to the bone morphogenetic proteins, induce neotendon/ligament formation when implanted at ectopic sites in vivo. Analysis of tissue induced by GDF-5, 6, or 7, containing implants by currently available morphological and molecular criteria used to characterize tendon and ligament, adds further evidence to the idea that these GDFs act as signaling molecules during embryonic tendon/ligament formation. In addition, comparative in situ localizations of the GDF-5, 6, and 7 mRNAs suggest that these molecules are important regulatory components of synovial joint morphogenesis.
Unsupported Metal Chain Complex:  Synthesis, Characterization, and EHMO Study Involving the Tetraosmium Complex [Os2(CO)5(thd)2]2 (2000)

Metal carbonyl complex Os3(CO)12 reacts with a hexane solution of (thd)H, thd = 2,2-dimethyl-3,5-heptanedionate, in a sealed autoclave at 190 °C to afford the Os4 metal chain complex [Os2(CO)5(thd)2]2 (1), isolated from repeated recrystallization in air. Treatment of 1 with CO at room temperature gives the Os2 metal complex [Os2(CO)6(thd)2] (2) through reversible cleavage of the central Os−Os bond. EHMO calculation has been carried out to explain the involvement of a short−long−short Os−Os···Os−Os array.
Integration of Internet and telecommunications: an architecture for hybrid services (1999)

We propose an architecture for hybrid services, i.e., services that span many network technologies, such as the public switched telephone network (PSTN), cellular networks, and networks based on IP. These services will play an important role in the future because they leverage on the existing infrastructures rather than requiring new and sophisticated mechanisms to be deployed. We explore a few issues related to hybrid services and propose a platform as well as a set of components to facilitate their creation and deployment. The existing infrastructure is only required to generate specific events when requests for hybrid services are detected. We present the design of a service layer, based on Java, that handles the treatment of these special requests. Our service layer is provided with a set of generic components realized according to the JavaBeans model. We illustrate the strength of our architecture by discussing two hybrid-service examples: a calendar service and a call forwarding service.
Elimination of large particulate units from silk fibroin PLD films by post-treatments (2007)

After depositing silk fibroin (SF) thin films by pulsed IR-laser deposition, extraordinarily large particulate units up to several micrometers were observed. They include debris from the target and severely agglomerated protein units. Occurrence of those large particles was found to be minimum on the vertical substrate. We tried to eliminate large particulate units by two post-treatment operations, i.e. dry gaseous blow-off (GBO) and rinsing in water under simultaneous ultrasonication (WSU). Change in the surface structure by these post-treatments was observed by optical and electron microscopes with varying area from 1mm square down to 1μm square. GBO turned out to be suitable to eliminate the lightly attached particulates of 1-10μm, mostly those pulled out from the target while preserving morphological and chemical properties of smallest units underneath. WSU, on the other hand, pelt off more strongly attached surface irregularities. However, morphological change with an increase in the surface roughness in the range of 1nm was also observed after WSU. The latter might be associated with possible sonochemical effects.
Infantile spasms in down syndrome: Rescue by knockdown of the GIRK2 channel (2016)

The GABAB R-coupled GIRK2 channel is necessary for the GABAB R agonist-induced infantile spasms phenotype in the Ts mouse and may represent a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of infantile spasms in DS. Ann Neurol 2016;80:511-521.
Identification of HBV DNA sequences that are predictive of response to lamivudine therapy (2004)

Numerous studies have shown that resistance to long-term lamivudine therapy occurs in as many as (2/3) of hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronic carriers. Additional studies have shown that reversion of HBV mutations in the precore/core promoter region conferring an HBeAg-negative phenotype/genotype can occur in up to 30% of lamivudine-treated patients. In this study, sequences of the HBV polymerase and precore/core coding regions in 26 HBV-infected patients (24 with HBeAg-negative virus infection, 25 genotype D, 1 genotype A) treated for 27 to 53 months with lamivudine were analyzed to determine the relationship between pretreatment HBV DNA sequence patterns and long-term treatment response, and the effect of therapy on the status of HBV precore mutations. Reversions of precore mutations A1762T/G1764A and G1896A were observed in 29% and 25% of patients, respectively, but none became HBeAg-positive. These data are consistent with previously published reversion frequencies for 2 other groups of lamivudine-treated patients. Two naturally-occurring DNA polymorphisms at aa91 and aa256 of the HBV polymerase were observed in the pretreatment serum samples, which correlated with extended treatment failure. In conclusion, reversion of mutations conferring an HBeAg-negative phenotype occur relatively frequently under lamivudine therapy. Furthermore, at least in HBeAg-negative patients infected predominantly with HBV genotype D, specific viral DNA sequences which are present before therapy appear to be useful as predictors of long-term response to lamivudine treatment.
P3–354: Post–translational modifications in Aβ and non–Aβ cerebral amyloidosis (2006)

Amyloid deposits, irrespective of their location and the amyloid subunit involved, are poorly soluble and highly heterogeneous, containing a variety of post–translational modifications that include, among others, N– and C–terminal degradation, isomerization, racemization, deamination, cyclation, oxidation, cross–linking and hyperphosphorylation. Although the importance of these modifications in the process of amyloidogenesis is under increased scrutiny, the mechanisms that drive these enzymatic and non–enzymatic modifications are largely unknown. To study the post–translational modifications in Aβ and non–Aβ cerebral amyloidosis and assess common mechanistic patterns. Immunohistochemistry, immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry and sequence analysis were used to identify various modifications in autopsy cases of sporadic and familial Alzheimer's disease as well as in familial British (FBD) and Danish (FDD) dementias. Proteolytic resistance and aggregation kinetics and fibrillization analysis were conducted with synthetic homologues. N–terminal pyroglutamate (pE) was identified in truncated forms of Aβ (Aβ3–X and Aβ11–X) and in intact ABri and ADan. Antibodies specific for pE3 and pE11 stained amyloid and pre–amyloid deposits in AD cases, vascular and perivascular lesions in FDD and non–fibrillar cotton–wool lesions in the PS1ΔI83–M84 FAD. Extracted material from FBD and FDD contained >95% N–terminal pE in amyloid deposits and ∼80% in pre–amyloid lesions. Soluble circulating ABri and ADan lack the pE modification; therefore, cyclation likely occurs in situ at the sites of deposition. The process was not restricted to the brain since a similar conversion was identified in peripheral organs affected with ABri amyloid deposition in FBD. Whereas the majority of mammalian molecules containing pE derived from the deamination of an N–terminal glutamine, in cerebral Aβ and non–Aβ amyloid lesions the deposited pE species originate from the same dehydration mechanism at the N–terminal glutamic acid. Whether the process reflects a more general imbalance on the water homeostasis and has more profound effects in the pathogenesis of cerebral amyloidosis is an attractive hypothesis that is being investigated.
Ultrafast and Robust UV Luminescence from Cu‐Doped ZnO Nanowires Mediated by Plasmonic Hot Electrons (2016)

Leveraging on plasmonic hot electrons is regarded as an emerging strategy for electron–hole separation toward efficient photovoltaics and photocatalysis, but its application in electron–hole recombination for illumination is rarely explored. Herein, a significantly improved ultraviolet luminescence is reported from Cu‐doped ZnO nanowires (NWs) through dopant mediated generation and transfer of plasmonic hot electrons. Through coupling the Cu dopants‐correlated green luminescence in Cu‐doped ZnO NWs with the localized surface plasmon resonance of Au nanoparticles (NPs), UV emission from the NWs is enhanced by a factor of ≈280 and its lifetime drops from 2.45 ns to about 18 ps after covering the NWs with Au NPs. Moreover, robust UV emission sustains from room temperature to low temperature. This work extends the applications of plasmonic hot electrons and provides an appealing route toward achieving intense, ultrafast, and temperature‐robust luminescence, which holds great potential in light‐emitting diode and laser diodes for illumination, optical communication, and biomedical applications.
Tailored Patient Information: Some Issues and Questions (1997)

Tailored patient information (TPI) systems are computer programs which produce personalised heath-information material for patients. TPI systems are of growing interest to the natural-language generation (NLG) community; many TPI systems have also been developed in the medical community, usually with mail-merge technology. No matter what technology is used, experience shows that it is not easy to field a TPI system, even if it is shown to be effective in clinical trials. In this paper we discuss some of the difficulties in fielding TPI systems. This is based on our experiences with 2 TPI systems, one for generating asthmainformation booklets and one for generating smoking-cessation letters. 1 Introduction Tailored patient information systems are computer programs which generate personalised medical information or advice. There are a growing number of natural-language generation (NLG) projects which fall into this category, such as (Buchanan et al., 1995; Cawsey et al., 1995). There h...
The Ratio of Nasal Cannula Gas Flow to Patient Inspiratory Flow on Trans-nasal Pulmonary Aerosol Delivery for Adults: An in Vitro Study (2019)

Trans-nasal aerosol deposition during distressed breathing is higher than quiet breathing, and decreases as administered gas flow increases. We hypothesize that inhaled dose is related to the ratio of gas flow to patient inspiratory flow (GF:IF). An adult manikin (Laerdal) with a collecting filter placed at trachea was connected to a dual-chamber model lung, which was driven by a ventilator to simulate quiet and distressed breathing with different inspiratory flows. Gas flow was set at 5, 10, 20, 40 and 60 L/min. Albuterol (2.5mg in 1 mL) was nebulized by vibrating mesh nebulizer at the inlet of humidifier at 37 °C for each condition (<i>n</i> = 3). Drug was eluted from the filter and assayed with UV spectrophotometry (276 nm). GF:IF was the primary predictor of inhaled dose (<i>p</i> < 0.001). When the ratio was < 1.0, the inhaled dose was higher than ratio > 1.0 (21.8 ± 3.8% vs. 9.0 ± 3.7%, <i>p</i> < 0.001), and the inhaled dose was similar between quiet and distressed breathing (22.3 ± 5.0% vs. 21.3 ± 2.7%, <i>p</i> = 0.379). During trans-nasal aerosol delivery, GF:IF primarily affected the inhaled dose. Compared to the ratio above 1.0, the ratio below 1.0 produced a higher and more-consistent inhaled dose.
Asymptotic performance of transmit diversity via OFDM for multipath channels (2003)

Many wireless systems exploit transmit diversity for more reliable detection of signals at the receiver. To accomplish this, coding is spread across multiple transmit antennas. An example of this is the well known "Alamouti transmit diversity", where a very simple coding scheme across multiple transmit antennas allows systems to attain performance similar to systems with multiple receive antennas. The major drawback is that this system only works when a "flat-fading" model for the channel is assumed; when used in a multipath environment, the system breaks down. Here we show that when the Alamouti code is placed within an OFDM structure, using adjacent frequency bands rather than consecutive symbol intervals, it can asymptotically achieve the same performance in multipath fading as the Alamouti code in flat-fading.
Mechanism and Stereochemistry of the Zirconocene-Catalyzed Cyclomagnesiation of Dienes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism and Stereochemistry of the Zirconocene-Catalyzed Cyclomagnesiation of DienesKyle S. Knight, David Wang, Robert M. Waymouth, and Joseph ZillerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 5, 1845–1854Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00084a028RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of human pleura reveals stromal heterogeneity and informs in vitro models of mesothelioma (2022)

ABSTRACT The pleural lining of the thorax regulates local immunity, inflammation and repair. A variety of conditions, both benign and malignant including pleural mesothelioma, can affect this tissue. A lack of knowledge concerning the mesothelial and stromal cells comprising the pleura has hampered the development of targeted therapies. Here we present the first comprehensive single cell transcriptomic atlas of the human parietal pleura and demonstrate its utility in elucidating pleural biology. We confirm the presence of known universal fibroblasts and describe novel, potentially pleural-specific, fibroblast subtypes. We also present transcriptomic characterisation of multiple in vitro models of benign and malignant mesothelial cells, and characterise these through comparison with in vivo transcriptomic data. While bulk pleural transcriptomes have been reported previously, this is the first study to provide resolution at single cell level. We expect our pleural cell atlas will prove invaluable to those studying pleural biology and disease. For example, it has already enabled us to shed light on the transdifferentiation of mesothelial cells allowing us to develop a simple method for prolonging mesothelial cell differentiation in vitro.