gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of tactile sensory deterioration amongst the elderly (2018)

It is known that roughness-smoothness, hardness-softness, stickiness-slipperiness and warm-cold are predominant perceptual dimensions in macro-, micro- and nano- texture perception. However, it is not clear to what extent active tactile texture discrimination remains intact with age. The general decrease in tactile ability induces physical and emotional dysfunction in elderly, and has increasing significance for an aging population. We report a method to quantify tactile acuity based on blinded active exploration of systematically varying micro-textured surfaces and a same-different paradigm. It reveals that elderly participants show significantly reduced fine texture discrimination ability. The elderly group also displays statistically lower finger friction coefficient, moisture and elasticity, suggesting a link. However, a subpopulation of the elderly retains discrimination ability irrespective of cutaneous condition and this can be related to a higher density of somatosensory receptors on the finger pads. Skin tribology is thus not the primary reason for decline of tactile discrimination with age. The remediation of cutaneous properties through rehydration, however leads to a significantly improved tactile acuity. This indicates unambiguously that neurological tactile loss can be temporarily compensated by restoring the cutaneous contact mechanics. Such mechanical restoration of tactile ability has the potential to increase the quality of life in elderly.
Loss Measurements for Optimization of Large-Mode-Area, Helical-Core Fibers (2006)

Helical-core fibers with various values of pitch have been fabricated. Modal loss measurements are presented and compared to our improved bend-loss model for validation in designing large-mode-area, helical-core fibers for high-power lasers and amplifiers.
Bidirectional Converter with Multi-stage FETs Featuring Voltage Balance Control Function Using Variable Capacitors (2020)

This paper presents a bidirectional converter with multi-stage FETs featuring voltage balance control function using variable capacitors. The proposed converter is constructed using low-voltage Si-FETs in a series connection, and it improves the voltage balance between the drain-source voltages of the series connected FETs in the OFF period. Using the converter figure of merit (FOM), which can estimate the converter losses from the specifications of the FETs, the effectiveness of the proposed converter is compared to that of a converter using SiC-FETs. The factors of the voltage unbalance are analytically clarified using the equivalent circuit. The principle of voltage balance control function using the variable capacitor is discussed. The experimental results show that the proposed converter can achieve a maximum power conversion efficiency of 99.2%.
Processed Electroencephalogram-Based Monitoring to Guide Sedation in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review and International Expert Panel-Based Consensus Recommendations (2021)

Abstract Background The literature related to the use of processed EEG (pEEG) for depth of sedation (DOS) monitoring is increasing, however it is unclear how to use this type of monitoring for critical care patients within the intensive care unit (ICU). Methods We performed a systematic review of the literature according to the Grade of Recommendation assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. The modified Delphi method was utilised by a team of experts to produce statements and recommendations derived from study questions. Three separate online rounds discussing 89 statements categorized into four domains were formulated. The panelists rated the appropriateness of each statement and were able to suggest modifications or addition of statements. An analysis of anonymised ratings of the statements by part of the panel followed each Delphi round and previously validated criteria were used to define appropriateness and consensus. Results Level of evidence regarding the four domains was very low. Fourteen panelists participated in the Delphi rounds and consensus was reached for 28 out of 89 statements, from which the reccomendations were created. The main findings were that DOS monitoring should be performed in critically ill patients whenever clinical evaluation is not possible, it should be performed by continuous pEEG techniques and the resulting data depicted with graphical tools to facilitate detection of excessive sedation, a potential cause of burst-suppression, and finally, structured training is suggested to achieve a basic pEEG competency. Conclusions Although evidence on using DOS monitors in ICU is scarce and further research is required in order to better define the benefits of using pEEG, the results of this consensus highlight the general agreement that critically-ill patients would benefit from this type of neuromonitoring.
Low-cost FC Stack Concept with Simplified Configuration Utilizing Advanced MEA and FC Module (2012)

The development of fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) at Nissan proceeded to the level of limited customer leasing with the X-TRAIL FCV equipped with an in-house FC stack (2005- model). Subsequently, a further improved 2008-model FC stack was developed with double the power density and using only half the amount of precious-metal catalysts, thus giving the vehicle subzero startability at -20°C. For the coming stage of FCV commercialization, we have proposed the concept of a compact and low-cost FC stack (2011 model) that increases the maximum power density to 2.5 kW/L and reduces the estimated production cost to a level that comes very close to meeting the target of the DOE Hydrogen Program for the adoption of 2010 technologies. These advances were achieved mainly by improving membrane electrode assembly (MEA) performance and simplifying the FC stack structure. This paper presents an overview of the simplified structure of the new FC stack incorporating various new features: a shell-enclosed FC module and simplified configuration. This remarkable evolution of the FC stack structure was brought about by the development of various technologies: an advanced MEA, an adhesive seal, and a fastening enclosure. The advanced MEA has an integrated molded frame around it to reduce the production cost. Another benefit of the advanced MEA is the ability to build a stiff insulating shell around a FC module when the frames are bonded together with adhesive seals to form the module. As a result, the FC module can be fastened directly using steel plates uniquely shaped in both the stacking direction and the direction perpendicular to it, thereby maintaining proper compression to prevent the stacked FC modules from sliding. These improvements reduce the variety of components of the new FC stack by an estimated 75%, thus increasing the maximum power density by 30%, compared with the 2008-model FC stack.
CME Helping patients meet the challenge of complex regional pain syndrome (2012)

No conclusive test rules out or confirms the presence of CRPS, but greater awareness of the signs and symptoms of this disorder could result in earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Cost minimization in treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis (2015)

Minimally invasive surgery demonstrated reduced costs, blood loss, and hospital stays, whereas open surgery exhibited greater improvement in VAS scores, deformity correction, and sagittal balance. Additional studies with more patients and longer follow-up will determine if MIS provides cost-minimization opportunities for treatment of adult degenerative scoliosis.
Three dimensional SMA microelectrodes with clipping structure for insect neural recording (1999)

A microelectrode, with clipping structure for insect neural recording, was designed and fabricated by using a Shape Memory Alloy (SMA) thin film. The SMA thin films (TiNi: Titanium Nickel) are deposited by using RF magnetron sputtering, and patterned by HF-HNO/sub 3/ wet etching. The transformation temperatures of the SMA thin films measured 54/spl deg/C(A*) and 50/spl deg/C(M*). The SMA micro-electrode consists of one clipping structure (720 /spl mu/m/spl times/480 /spl mu/m) and two probes(600 /spl mu/m/spl times/70 /spl mu/m). The desired three-dimensional shape is given to the electrode by bonded wire while annealing. The SMA microelectrode can clip a nerve cord tightly, and neural activity from a living insect has been successfully recorded with this SMA microelectrode.
Veranos literarios: entre el idilio y la tragedia (2002)

How the brain generates visual percepts is a central problem in neuroscience. We propose a detailed neural model of how lateral geniculate nuclei and the interblob cortical stream through V1 and V2 generate context-sensitive perceptual groupings from visual inputs. The model suggests a functional role for cortical layers, columns, maps and networks, and proposes homologous circuits for V1 and V2 with larger-scale processing in V2. An integrated treatment of interlaminar, horizontal, orientational and endstopping cortical interactions and a role for corticogeniculate feedback in grouping are proposed. Modeled circuits simulate parametric psychophysical data about boundary grouping and illusory contour formation.
The effect of endosymbiotic methanogens on the growth and metabolic profile of the anaerobic free-living ciliate Trimyema compressum (2006)

We examined the influence of endosymbiotic methanogens on the growth and metabolic profile of the anaerobic ciliate Trimyema compressum. When we isolated the ciliate, it possessed a large number of endosymbiotic Methanobacterium-like methanogens inside the cell. The culture was transferred to fresh medium with Lactobacillus sp. cells as food bacteria. T. compressum grew to give a maximum cell number of 3300 cells/ml without loss of the endosymbionts over 30 passages of transfer. Acetate and methane were major end products with smaller amounts of propionate and butyrate. However, after further continued cultivation, the number of endosymbiotic methanogens started to decrease and they eventually disappeared. The growth and metabolic profile of the ciliate were changed significantly as the symbiotic association deteriorated. The major fermentation products were shifted to butyrate. These results suggest that the endosymbiotic methanogens which function as hydrogen scavengers are not indispensable for the growth and survival of T. compressum, although the growth yield decreased slightly in the absence of methanogens, and the ciliate is capable of fermenting food bacteria without endosymbiotic methanogens by changing its metabolic pathway.
Selfish Distributed Compression Over Networks: Correlation Induces Anarchy (2012)

We consider the min-cost multicast problem (under network coding) with multiple correlated sources where each terminal wants to losslessly reconstruct all the sources. We study the inefficiency brought forth by the selfish behavior of the terminals in this scenario by modeling it as a noncooperative game among the terminals. The degradation in performance due to the lack of regulation is measured by the Price of Anarchy (POA), which is defined as the ratio between the cost of the worst possible Wardrop equilibrium and the socially optimum cost. Our main result is that in contrast with the case of independent sources, the presence of source correlations can significantly increase the price of anarchy. Toward establishing this result, we first characterize the socially optimal flow and rate allocation in terms of four intuitive conditions. Next, we show that the Wardrop equilibrium is a socially optimal solution for a different set of (related) cost functions. Using this, we construct explicit examples that demonstrate that the POA >; 1 and determine near-tight upper bounds on the POA as well. The main techniques in our analysis are Lagrangian duality theory and the usage of the supermodularity of conditional entropy.
Coordinated Multicell Beamforming for Massive MIMO: A Random Matrix Approach (2015)

We consider the problem of coordinated multicell downlink beamforming in massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems consisting of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cells, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N_{t}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> antennas per base station (BS) and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$K$ </tex-math></inline-formula> user terminals (UTs) per cell. In particular, we formulate a multicell beamforming algorithm for massive MIMO systems that requires limited amount of information exchange between the BSs. The design objective is to minimize the aggregate transmit power across all the BSs subject to satisfying the user signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) constraints. The algorithm requires the BSs to exchange parameters which can be computed solely based on the channel statistics rather than the instantaneous channel state information (CSI). We make use of tools from random matrix theory to formulate the decentralized algorithm. We also characterize a lower bound on the set of target SINR values for which the decentralized multicell beamforming algorithm is feasible. We further show that the performance of our algorithm asymptotically matches the performance of the centralized algorithm with full CSI sharing. While the original result focuses on minimizing the aggregate transmit power across all the BSs, we formulate a heuristic extension of this algorithm to incorporate a practical constraint in multicell systems, namely the individual BS transmit power constraints. Finally, we investigate the impact of imperfect CSI and pilot contamination effect on the performance of the decentralized algorithm, and propose a heuristic extension of the algorithm to accommodate these issues. Simulation results illustrate that our algorithm closely satisfies the target SINR constraints and achieves minimum power in the regime of massive MIMO systems. In addition, it also provides substantial power savings as compared with zero-forcing beamforming when the number of antennas per BS is of the same orders of magnitude as the number of UTs per cell.
Phosphorylation of the Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 by Cyclin-dependent Kinase 5 affects Chemo-nociception (2018)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a key neuronal kinase that is upregulated during inflammation, and can subsequently modulate sensitivity to nociceptive stimuli. We conducted an in silico screen for Cdk5 phosphorylation sites within proteins whose expression was enriched in nociceptors and identified the chemo-responsive ion channel Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) as a possible Cdk5 substrate. Immunoprecipitated full length TRPA1 was shown to be phosphorylated by Cdk5 and this interaction was blocked by TFP5, an inhibitor that prevents activation of Cdk5. In vitro peptide-based kinase assay revealed that four of six TRPA1 Cdk5 consensus sites acted as substrates for Cdk5, and modeling of the ankyrin repeats disclosed that phosphorylation would occur at characteristic pockets within the (T/S)PLH motifs. Calcium imaging of trigeminal ganglion neurons from genetically engineered mice overexpressing or lacking the Cdk5 activator p35 displayed increased or decreased responsiveness, respectively, to stimulation with the TRPA1 agonist allylisothiocyanate (AITC). AITC-induced chemo-nociceptive behavior was also heightened in vivo in mice overexpressing p35 while being reduced in p35 knockout mice. Our findings demonstrate that TRPA1 is a substrate of Cdk5 and that Cdk5 activity is also able to modulate TRPA1 agonist-induced calcium influx and chemo-nociceptive behavioral responses.
Molecular Imaging of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α and von Hippel-Lindau Interaction in Mice (2008)

Tumor hypoxia plays a crucial role in tumorigenesis. Under hypoxia, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) regulates activation of genes promoting malignant progression. Under normoxia, HIF-1 alpha is hydroxylated on prolines 402 and 564 and is targeted for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by interacting with the von Hippel-Lindau protein complex (pVHL). We have developed a novel method of studying the interaction between HIF-1 alpha and pVHL using the split firefly luciferase complementation-based bioluminescence system in which HIF-1 alpha and pVHL are fused to amino-terminal and carboxy-terminal fragments of the luciferase, respectively. We demonstrate that hydroxylation-dependent interaction between the HIF-1 alpha and pVHL leads to complementation of the two luciferase fragments, resulting in bioluminescence in vitro and in vivo. Complementation-based bioluminescence is diminished when mutant pVHLs with decreased affinity for binding HIF-1 alpha are used. This method represents a new approach for studying interaction of proteins involved in the regulation of protein degradation.
Difference frequency mixing in LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides using an adiabatically tapered periodically-segmented coupling region (1996)

Summary form only given. We optimized waveguide designs for mixing 755-785 nm with 1064 nm to generate 2.6-3.0 /spl mu/m based on previously developed models of the linear and nonlinear properties of annealed proton exchanged (APE) LiNbO/sub 3/ waveguides. To solve the mode-coupling problem we developed a hybrid waveguide structure. The input region is single moded at both near-IR input wavelengths, the connecting segment is adiabatically tapered to effect mode conversion to the fundamental mode of the difference frequency generation (DFG) waveguide, and the mixing region is optimized for DFG of the idler wavelength.
SPEECH CODING USING lSI CODED QUANTIZATION (1995)

We describe a speech coder based on the intersymbol interference coded quantizer (IGQ). The IGQ is a struc­ tured vector quantizer that can realize both boundary and granular gains for sources with memory. It is the quantization dual of the intersymbol interference coder - a transmission scheme for channels with memory. We have studied two different suboptimal IGQ code­ book search algorithms for speech coding and find that the performance of the IGQ based speech coder is very good at rates over 13 kbps but degrades rapidly at lower rates.
Implantable Biosensor Arrays Based On Smart Hydrogels And Piezoresistive Sensors For Continuous Metabolic Monitoring (2011)

In this paper, we present the results of continuous monitoring metabolic sensor arrays capable of monitoring changes in glucose, ionic strength and pH in the surrounding analyte continuously. Piezoresistive pressure sensors containing KOH etched cavities and pressure sensing membranes with and without perforations were fabricated in different sizes (1.5×1.5 mm2, 1.25×1.25 mm2, 1×1 mm2 and 0.5×0.5 mm2) to account for the sensitivities of the different types of hydrogels that were investigated. Figure 1 shows the schematic and the image of the sensors. Stimuli responsive hydrogels were used as the sensing elements to detect glucose and ionic strength in phosphate buffered saline at pH 7.4 and at room temperature. Response times of ∼10 and ∼6 minutes during swelling cycle and ∼5 and ∼4 minutes for the shrinking cycle were measured for glucose and ionic strength responsive hydrogels respectively.
Up- and downwards motions in 3D pointing (2013)

We present an experiment that examines 3D pointing in fish tank VR using the ISO 9241-9 standard. The experiment used three pointing techniques: mouse, ray, and touch using a stylus. It evaluated user pointing performance with stereoscopically displayed varying height targets above an upward-facing display. Results show differences in upwards and downwards motions for the 3D touch technique.
Impact of design-manufacturing interface on SoC design methodologies (2004)

Today's semiconductor manufacturing trends are increasingly influencing hardware design techniques, tools, and methodologies. We analyze these trends and describe their effects on design methodologies. These effects clearly include impacts on yield optimization resolution enhancement.
Elevated Expression of the Apoptotic Regulator Mcl-1 at the Time of Leukemic Relapse (1998)

Abstract Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1 are three related intracellular polypeptides that have been implicated as negative regulators of apoptosis. In contrast, the partner protein Bax acts as a positive regulator of apoptosis. Based on the observation that all four of these polypeptides are expressed in a variety of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) cell lines, cellular levels of these polypeptides were examined by immunoblotting in bone marrow samples harvested from 123 adult AML patients and 36 adult ALL patients before initial antileukemic therapy. Levels of Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-xL, and Bax each varied over a more than 10-fold range in different pretreatment leukemia specimens. When the 54 AML and 23 ALL samples that contained greater than 80% malignant cells were examined in greater detail, it was observed that pretreatment levels of Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 correlated with each other (R = .44,P &lt; .001 for AML and R = .79,P &lt; .0001 for ALL). In addition, a weak negative correlation between Bax expression and age was observed in AML samples (R = −0.35, P &lt; .02) but not ALL samples. There was no relationship between pretreatment levels of these polypeptides and response to initial therapy. However, examination of 19 paired samples (the first harvested before chemotherapy and the second harvested 23 to 290 days later at the time of leukemic recurrence) revealed a greater than or equal to twofold increase in Mcl-1 levels in 10 of 19 pairs (7 of 15 AML and 3 of 4 ALL) at recurrence. In contrast, 2 of 19 pairs contained twofold less Mcl-1 at the time of recurrence. Approximately equal numbers of samples showed twofold increases and decreases in Bcl-2 (5 increases, 3 decreases) and Bcl-xL (1 increase, 4 decreases) at recurrence. Bax levels did not show a twofold decrease in any patient. These results, coupled with recent observations that cells overexpressing Mcl-1 are resistant to a variety of chemotherapeutic agents, raise the possibility that some chemotherapeutic regimens might select for leukemia cells with elevated levels of this particular apoptosis inhibitor.
Clinical and immunological effects of single bolus administration of recombinant interleukin-2 in cattle. (1992)

Recombinant bovine interleukin-2 (rBoIL-2) was administered as a single intramuscular bolus to healthy calves to determine the minimal dose capable of exerting a biological response. Doses ranging from 2.5 to 0.05 micrograms rBoIL-2/kg did not induce pyrexia, diarrhea, or depression, nor did they alter any blood chemistry or hematological parameters commonly associated with IL-2 toxicity. Moreover, the only significant immunological change observed was a reduction in the number of peripheral blood lymphocytes identified with the monoclonal antibodies B7A, BAQ4A (WC1+ cells), CACTB6A (WC2+ cells) and DH59B (monocytes). The decrease in cells associated with these markers did not influence non-MHC restricted cytotoxicity or in vitro lymphocyte proliferative responses to mitogens and IL-2. The treatments had no effect on delayed type hypersensitivity responses to phytohemagglutinin. These results indicate that IL-2 may be involved in the regulation of trafficking patterns of a unique subpopulation of lymphocytes in cattle.
Full-Field Hard X-Ray Microscope Designed for Materials Science Applications (2018)

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