gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro Studies of Poorly Absorbed Drugs Using Porcine Intestine in the Ring Model RIMO (2011)

Two compounds, an aminobisphosphonate (A) and a steroid (B), showing a very large difference in lipophilicity (log PC (A) = O, log PC (B) > 8) but both revealing very poorly absorption in vivo of less than 1% were tested in respect of in vitro absorption and mucoadhesion using a model with porcine intestine named RIMO (ring model). Explanations for the poor absorption of the two compounds were investigated in order to propose methods for absorption enhancement. Moreover, absorption and mucoadhesion were measured for different parts of intestine with radiolabelled substances. Last but not least the inhibiting effect of calcium ions was investigated as well as enhancement by DTT (dithiothreitol), EDTA and bile. Results showed that mucus plays an important role in oral bioavailability. The aminobisphosphonate formed a complex with calcium ions which was insoluble in the mucus and resulted in a smaller amount of substance being absorbed. The very lipophilic steroid was kept back from the mucosa by the hydrophilic mucus, but addition of the solubilizer bile increased the absorption. The results were in good agreement with in vivo bioavailability data. Therefore, simplicity of the model and easy access of porcine intestine by slaughter houses make RIMO a valuable tool for investigations concerning the role of mucus and influences of diverse additives on absorption.
Multipath interference canceller for high-speed packet transmission with adaptive modulation and coding scheme in W-CDMA forward link (2002)

This paper proposes a multipath interference canceller (MPIC) associated with orthogonal code-multiplexing with orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) channelization codes that achieves high throughput performance with adaptive data modulation in multipath fading channels in the W-CDMA forward link, and evaluates its throughput performance by computer simulation. The simulation results elucidate that sufficient multipath interference suppression is achieved by a four-stage MPIC with 6-12 orthogonal code-multiplexing using one iterative channel estimation with pilot and decision feedback data symbols hard-decided after RAKE combining. We show that the maximum peak throughput using MPIC is approximately 2.1 fold that without MPIC in a 2-path Rayleigh fading channel and that the peak throughput of 8.0 Mbps is achieved using 64QAM data modulation within a 5-MHz bandwidth. Furthermore, the required average E/sub b//N/sub 0/ for satisfying the same throughput with MPIC is decreased by more than 2.0 dB.
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is an important link in the apoptotic pathway induced by hyperglycemia in Y79 retinoblastoma cell line (2012)

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) expression was found to be induced in the mammalian CNS, including the retina, by different types of stress leading to cellular apoptosis. Here, we tested possible involvement of AChE in hyperglycemia-induced apoptosis in a retinal cell line. Y79 retinoblastoma cells were incubated in starvation media (1% FBS and 1 mg/ml glucose) for 16-24 h, and then exposed to hyperglycemic environment by raising extracellular glucose concentrations to a final level of 3.5 mg/ml or 6 mg/ml. Similar levels of mannitol were used as control for hyperosmolarity. Cells were harvested at different time intervals for analysis of apoptosis and AChE protein expression. Apoptosis was detected by the cleavage of Poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) using western blot, and by Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end-labeling (TUNEL) assay. AChE protein expression and activity was detected by western blot and by the Karnovsky and Roots method, respectively. Mission(TM) shRNA for AChE was used to inhibit AChE protein expression. Treating Y79 cells with 3.5 mg/ml of glucose, but not with 3.5 mg/ml mannitol, induced apoptosis which was confirmed by TUNEL assay and by cleavage of PARP. A part of the signaling pathway accompanying the apoptotic process involved up-regulation of the AChE-R variant and an N-extended AChE variant as verified at the mRNA and protein level. Inhibition of AChE protein expression by shRNA protected Y79 cell from entering the apoptotic pathway. Our data suggest that expression of an N-extended AChE variant, most probably an R isoform, is involved in the apoptotic pathway caused by hyperglycemia in Y79 cells.
Site-specific genomic strategies for gene therapy. (2003)

Like any disease treatment, gene therapy should be safe and efficacious. Safety can be addressed by directly correcting the defective gene itself or by ensuring that genomic integration of a transgene is site-specific. Unfortunately, it has proven difficult to achieve this level of safety without a concomitant loss in efficiency of gene correction or insertion. In this review, recent research attempts to achieve efficient site-specific gene therapy, including strategies using targeted gene conversion, adeno-associated virus vectors and site-specific bacteriophage recombinases are discussed. We believe that these approaches hold promise for site-specific, safe and efficient gene therapy.
Characteristics of Extracellular Vesicles in Red Blood Concentrates Change with Storage Time and Blood Manufacturing Method (2018)

The dynamic shift in the size and concentration of the EV subpopulations is dependent on the blood manufacturing method and length of storage. Better understanding of the potential clinical implications of these heterogeneous populations of EVs are needed.
Follow-up of Lesions with Equivocal Radiotracer Uptake on PSMA-Targeted PET in Patients with Prostate Cancer: Predictive Values of the PSMA-RADS-3A and PSMA-RADS-3B Categories (2018)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted PET imaging has become commonly used in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). The PSMA reporting and data system version 1.0 (PSMA-RADS version 1.0) categorizes lesions on the basis of the likelihood of PCa involvement, with PSMA-RADS-3A (soft-tissue) and PSMA-RADS-3B (bone) lesions being indeterminate for the presence of disease. We retrospectively reviewed the imaging follow-up of such lesions to determine the rate at which they underwent changes suggestive of underlying PCa. <b>Methods:</b> PET/CT imaging with <sup>18</sup>F-DCFPyL was performed in 110 patients with PCa, and lesions were categorized according to PSMA-RADS version 1.0. The study reported herein is a retrospective analysis of those patients. Fifty-six of 110 (50.9%) patients were determined to have indeterminate PSMA-RADS-3A or PSMA-RADS-3B lesions, and 22 of 56 (39.3%) patients had adequate follow-up to be included in the analysis (median follow-up time was 10 mo [range, 3-22 mo]). The SUV<sub>max</sub> of the lesions was obtained, and the ratios of SUV<sub>max</sub> of the lesions to SUV<sub>mean</sub> of blood pool (SUV<sub>max-lesion</sub>/SUV<sub>mean-bloodpool</sub>) were calculated. Predetermined criteria were used to evaluate the PSMA-RADS-3A and PSMA-RADS-3B lesions on follow-up imaging to determine whether they demonstrated evidence of underlying malignancy. <b>Results:</b> A total of 46 lesions in 22 patients were considered indeterminate for PCa (i.e., PSMA-RADS-3A [32 lesions] or PSMA-RADS-3B [14 lesions]) and were evaluable on follow-up imaging. Twenty-seven of 46 (58.7%) lesions demonstrated changes suggesting they were true-positive for PCa. These lesions included 24 of 32 (75.0%) PSMA-RADS-3A lesions and 3 of 14 (21.4%) lesions categorized as PSMA-RADS-3B. The ranges of SUV<sub>max</sub> and SUV<sub>max-lesion</sub>/SUV<sub>mean-bloodpool</sub> overlapped between those lesions demonstrating changes consistent with malignancy on follow-up imaging and those lesions that remained unchanged on follow-up. The presence of additional definitive sites of PCa (PSMA-RADS-4 and PSMA-RADS-5) increases the likelihood that indeterminate lesions will manifest as true-positive on follow-up imaging. <b>Conclusion:</b> PSMA-RADS-3A and PSMA-RADS-3B lesions are truly indeterminate in that proportions of findings in both categories demonstrate evidence of malignancy on follow-up imaging. Overall, PSMA-RADS-3A lesions are more likely than PSMA-RADS-3B lesions to represent sites of PCa, and this information should be considered when guiding patient therapy.
In Situ X-ray Fluorescence Measurements During Atomic Layer Deposition: Nucleation and Growth of TiO2 on Planar Substrates and in Nanoporous Films (2011)

Synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence (XRF) is introduced as a promising in situ technique to monitor atomic layer deposition cycle-per-cycle. It is shown that the technique is greatly suitable to study initial nucleation on planar substrates. The initial growth of TiO2 from tetrakis(dimethylamino)titanium (TDMAT) and H2O is found to be linear on thermally grown SiO2, substrate-inhibited on H-terminated Si and substrateenhanced on atomic layer deposited Al2O3. Furthermore, in situ XRF is employed to monitor the Ti uptake during deposition of TiO2 in nanoporous silica films. In mesoporous films, the Ti content varied quadratically with the number of cycles, a behavior that is attributed to a decreasing surface area with progressing deposition. In microporous films, the XRF data suggest that 1−3 ALD cycles shrunk the pore diameters below the kinetic diameter of the TDMAT molecule.
Forecast-Aware Model Driven LSTM (2023)

Poor air quality can have a significant impact on human health. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) air quality forecasting guidance is challenged by the increasing presence of extreme air quality events due to extreme weather events such as wild fires and heatwaves. These extreme air quality events further affect human health. Traditional methods used to correct model bias make assumptions about linearity and the underlying distribution. Extreme air quality events tend to occur without a strong signal leading up to the event and this behavior tends to cause existing methods to either under or over compensate for the bias. Deep learning holds promise for air quality forecasting in the presence of extreme air quality events due to its ability to generalize and learn nonlinear problems. However, in the presence of these anomalous air quality events, standard deep network approaches that use a single network for generalizing to future forecasts, may not always provide the best performance even with a full feature-set including geography and meteorology. In this work we describe a method that combines unsupervised learning and a forecast-aware bi-directional LSTM network to perform bias correction for operational air quality forecasting using AirNow station data for ozone and PM2.5 in the continental US. Using an unsupervised clustering method trained on station geographical features such as latitude and longitude, urbanization, and elevation, the learned clusters direct training by partitioning the training data for the LSTM networks. LSTMs are forecast-aware and implemented using a unique way to perform learning forward and backwards in time across forecasting days. When comparing the RMSE of the forecast model to the RMSE of the bias corrected model, the bias corrected model shows significant improvement (27\% lower RMSE for ozone) over the base forecast.
Device-to-device relay selection based on effective path throughput to fill coverage hole in public safety LTE (2016)

There is desire for public safety networks to meet the increasing demands for sharing images or videos among first responders and incident commanders more effectively. Long term evolution (LTE) is considered to be a candidate for achieving such broadband services. However, out-of-coverage areas tend to happen at the cell edge areas or inside buildings because the cell areas of each base station for public safety networks is larger than those of commercial one. This paper proposes a relay selection scheme for the relay communication using device-to-device (D2D) communication as a means to fill coverage holes in public safety LTE (PS-LTE). The scheme, based on effective path throughput from an out-of-coverage terminal to a base station via an in-coverage relay terminal, enables the optimal relay terminal to be selected. System level simulation results reveal that the proposed scheme can increase the user ratio, satisfying the throughput requirement for video transmission. Additionally, an evaluation intended for actual parties of firefighters shows that the proposed scheme enables 99% of out-of-coverage users to achieve the requirement throughput for transmitting video images.
Ethics and extinction: Micro versus macro appropriate technology (2015)

Ethical theory and technology practice raise two primary questions. First, what are the ethical principles driving sustainable appropriate technology? Second, what are the viable applications of those principles with respect to alternative appropriate technologies? The hypothesis of this study is that the earth is experiencing the current and sixth mass extinction. Our methodology is first to review ethical principles that address this problem and then to examine their consequences in the field of renewable energy technologies. A primary engine driving mass extinction is current modes of energy production. Unless energy is readily and cheaply available, humans will struggle to form a single economic community that can guarantee the universal rights embodied in the United Nations Declarations of Universal Human Rights. Unfortunately, Micro-Appropriate Technology (AT) applications cannot presently replace the current carbon-based global energy system. This paper analyzes the ethical potential of Macro Photo-Voltaic and Concentrating Solar Power AT systems. Our conclusion argues that the world's collective nations must undertake a global solar “Manhattan Project” to arrest the sixth mass extinction and overcome the misery of billions in the Global South through ethical sustainable development.
Characterization of interface topography of the buried Si-SiO2 interface in silicon-on-insulator material by atomic force microscopy (1994)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been used to characterize the topography of the buried Si-SiO2 interface in Bonded, single-implant Separation by IMplantation of OXygen (SIMOX), and multiple-implant SIMOX silicon-on-insulator material. The properties of this interface have important implications for processing and for device performance. The root-mean-square surface roughness was found to be 11.4 nm for single-implant material, 2.9 nm for multiple-implant material, and less than 1.5 nm for bonded material.
Future Translational Applications From the Contemporary Genomics Era (2015)

The field of genetics and genomics has advanced considerably with the achievement of recent milestones encompassing the identification of many loci for cardiovascular disease and variable drug responses. Despite this achievement, a gap exists in the understanding and advancement to meaningful translation that directly affects disease prevention and clinical care. The purpose of this scientific statement is to address the gap between genetic discoveries and their practical application to cardiovascular clinical care. In brief, this scientific statement assesses the current timeline for effective translation of basic discoveries to clinical advances, highlighting past successes. Current discoveries in the area of genetics and genomics are covered next, followed by future expectations, tools, and competencies for achieving the goal of improving clinical care.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF A STABLE ANALOG OF THROMBOXANE A1. (.+‐.)‐9A‐HOMO‐(11,12)‐DEOXA‐(11,12)‐METHYLENE THROMBOXANE A1 (1981)

Abstract Aus dem Keton (II) erhält man ein Enamin (III), das zu den Alkylierungsprodukten (IV) führt.
Alkyl‐ und Arylrheniumtrioxide (1991)

Thermisch überraschend beständig sind die Ethyl‐, Isobutyl‐, Silaneopentyl‐ und Phenylkomplexe 1‐4 . Die bei Raumtemperatur farblosen, sehr flüchtigen Flüssigkeiten und Feststoffe bilden sich in einem verallgemeinerungsfähigen Verfahren nach Gleichung (a). magnified image
Metrology and Characterization for Extending Silicon CMOS (2007)

For further miniaturization and performance enhancement of CMOS transistors, new materials and structures are now being introduced. The implementation of these new technologies while minimizing unwanted variations requires tremendous challenges in metrology and characterization techniques. This article deals with measurement techniques for the three major causes of random variation of device performance, i.e., line width and line edge roughness measurement, dopant profiling and mechanical stress monitoring. It is emphasized that the scanning probe microscopy is an indispensable technique for further extension of Si CMOS because of its ability to measure various quantities with nanometer spatial resolution. Examples are the atomic force microscopy for metrology of critical dimensions and three dimensional features, UV Raman spectroscopy with scanning near‐field optics for stress monitoring, and scanning tunneling microscopy for potential and dopant profiling.
2,2-Diethoxy-N,N-diethylacetamide (2016)

[16695-60-6] C10H21NO3 (MW 203.28) InChI = 1S/C10H21NO3/c1-5-11(6-2)9(12)10(13-7-3)14-8-4/h10H,5-8H2,1-4H3 InChIKey = XQXUACBOGVLERQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (the title compound has mostly been used in acylation reaction with organometallic species to generate a masked α-keto aldehyde) Alternate Name: N,N-diethyl diethylacetal glyoxamide. Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Purification: usually no purification needed. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: reacts with strong acids. Store in a cool, dry, and well-ventilated place.
Creating a human brain proteome atlas – 14th HUPO BPP workshop September 20–21, 2010, Sydney, Australia (2011)

The HUPO Brain Proteome Project (HUPO BPP) held its 14th workshop during the HUPO 9th Annual World Congress in Sydney, Australia. The principal aim of this project is to discover prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers associated with neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging, with the ultimate objective of obtaining a better understanding of these conditions and creating roads for the development of novel diagnostic techniques and effective treatments. The attendees came together to discuss progress in the human clinical neuroproteomics and to define the needs and guidelines required for more advanced proteomics approaches.
ATM as a memory interconnect in a Desk Area Network (1995)

ATM has been successfully used in Wide Area Networks (WAN) and Local Area Networks (LAN). A possible next step in this evolution is to use ATM for memory interconnect. This paper discusses how ATM can fulfill the functional and performance requirements in a memory interconnect, and the implications this will have for external ATM communication. We conclude that ATM can be used as a memory interconnect. It can meet the throughput requirements but will have problems with the latency requirements for the transfer of small cache lines. The fixed 48 byte payload in ATM results in inefficient use of bandwidth and increased latency. The ATM and the ATM Adaptation Layers do not have sufficient functionality and must be extended to meet memory interconnect requirements. Using ATM internally in the memory interconnect has a limited synergy effect when the system is connected to an ATM based LAN or WAN.
RCRT: rate-controlled reliable transport for wireless sensor networks (2007)

Emerging high-rate applications (imaging, structural monitoring, acoustic localization) will need to transport large volumes of data concurrently from several sensors. These applications are also loss-intolerant. A key requirement for such applications, then, is a protocol that reliably transport sensor data from many sources to one or more sinks without incurring congestion collapse. In this paper, we discuss RCRT, a rate-controlled reliable transport protocol suitable for constrained sensor nodes. RCRT uses end-to-end explicit loss recovery, but places all the congestion detection and rate adaptation functionality in the sinks. This has two important advantages: efficiency and flexibility. Because sinks make rate allocation decisions, they are able to achieve greater efficiency since they have a more comprehensive view of network behavior. For the same reason, it is possible to alter the rate allocation decisions (for example, from one that ensures that all nodes get the same rate, to one that ensures that nodes get rates in proportion to their demands), without modifying sensor code at all. We evaluate RCRT extensively on a 40-node wireless sensor network testbed and show that RCRT achieves more than twice the rate achieved by a recently proposed interference-aware distributed rate-control protocol, IFRC [23].
Sodium chloride inhibits the suppressive function of FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (2015)

FOXP3+ Tregs are central for the maintenance of self-tolerance and can be defective in autoimmunity. In multiple sclerosis and type-1 diabetes, dysfunctional self-tolerance is partially mediated by a population of IFNγ-secreting Tregs. It was previously reported that increased NaCl concentrations promote the induction of proinflammatory Th17 cells and that high-salt diets exacerbate experimental models of autoimmunity. Here, we have shown that increasing NaCl, either in vitro or in murine models via diet, markedly impairs Treg function. NaCl increased IFNγ secretion in Tregs, and reducing IFNγ - either by neutralization with anti-IFNγ antibodies or shRNA-mediated knockdown - restored suppressive activity in Tregs. The heightened IFNγ secretion and loss of Treg function were mediated by the serum/glucocorticoid-regulated kinase (SGK1). A high-salt diet also impaired human Treg function and was associated with the induction of IFNγ-secreting Tregs in a xenogeneic graft-versus-host disease model and in adoptive transfer models of experimental colitis. Our results demonstrate a putative role for an environmental factor that promotes autoimmunity by inducing proinflammatory responses in CD4 effector cells and Treg pathways.
Blueness compensation in deconvolution for the reflectivity sequence (1988)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988Blueness compensation in deconvolution for the reflectivity sequenceAuthors: O. G. JensenT. J. UlrychU. P. TodoeschuckW. S. LeaneyE. P. SchlumbergerC. WalkerO. G. JensenMcGill University, T. J. UlrychUniversity of British Columbia and PPPG/UFBa, Brazil, U. P. TodoeschuckCanadian Defense Research Establishment‐Pacific, W. S. LeaneyFrance, E. P. SchlumbergerFrance, and C. WalkerUniversity of British Columbia, Canadahttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892400 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892400FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited By10. Deconvolution21 March 2012The whiteness hypothesis: Reflectivity, inversion, chaos, and EndersTadeusz J. Ulrych7 February 2012 | GEOPHYSICS, Vol. 64, No. 5Fractal modeling techniques for spatial dataIEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Vol. 31, No. 5 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1988ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1988 Pages: 1359 publication data© 1988 Copyright © 1988 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION O. G. Jensen, T. J. Ulrych, U. P. Todoeschuck, W. S. Leaney, E. P. Schlumberger, and C. Walker, (1988), "Blueness compensation in deconvolution for the reflectivity sequence," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 939-942. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1892400 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...