gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chapter 3. SGLT2 Inhibitors in Development (2012)

Diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) is a major growing health problem throughout the world. The worldwide incidence of people with T2DM is 366 million, a number projected to soar to more than 552 million by 2030 as the Western diet and lifestyle become more prevalent in China and India.1 In 2011 the num...
4H-1,2-Benzoxazines and Biarylacetone Oximes (1990)

O,O-Diprotonated nitro olefins undergo three alternative electrophilic reactions which yield a-phenylacetones, 4H-1,2-benzoxazines and biphenylacetone oximes depending on the reaction conditions (temperature and time) and aromatic substrates. Although these reactions are seemingly divergent, a common intermediate of a phenylated protonated aci-nitro species, derived from the dication, is postulated to be involved in the reactions. Furthermore, the formation of benzoxazines and biphenylacetone oximes can be interpreted in terms of participation of novel chemical species with phenylethylene dication character derived from the common intermediate.
Carbohydrate Metabolism Is Essential for the Colonization of Streptococcus thermophilus in the Digestive Tract of Gnotobiotic Rats (2011)

Streptococcus thermophilus is the archetype of lactose-adapted bacterium and so far, its sugar metabolism has been mainly investigated in vitro. The objective of this work was to study the impact of lactose and lactose permease on S. thermophilus physiology in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of gnotobiotic rats. We used rats mono-associated with LMD-9 strain and receiving 4.5% lactose. This model allowed the analysis of colonization curves of LMD-9, its metabolic profile, its production of lactate and its interaction with the colon epithelium. Lactose induced a rapid and high level of S. thermophilus in the GIT, where its activity led to 49 mM of intra-luminal L-lactate that was related to the induction of mono-carboxylic transporter mRNAs (SLC16A1 and SLC5A8) and p27(Kip1) cell cycle arrest protein in epithelial cells. In the presence of a continuous lactose supply, S. thermophilus recruited proteins involved in glycolysis and induced the metabolism of alternative sugars as sucrose, galactose, and glycogen. Moreover, inactivation of the lactose transporter, LacS, delayed S. thermophilus colonization. Our results show i/that lactose constitutes a limiting factor for colonization of S. thermophilus, ii/that activation of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism constitutes the metabolic signature of S. thermophilus in the GIT, iii/that the production of lactate settles the dialogue with colon epithelium. We propose a metabolic model of management of carbohydrate resources by S. thermophilus in the GIT. Our results are in accord with the rationale that nutritional allegation via consumption of yogurt alleviates the symptoms of lactose intolerance.
“Never fry carrots without cutting.” Cooking Recipe Generation from Videos Using Deep Learning Considering Previous Process (2019)

Research on captioning that modifies the contents of images and moving images with natural language using deep training has had considerable results and attracted attention in recent years. In this research, we aim to generate recipe sentences from cooking videos acquired from YouTube. We treat this as image captioning and propose methods suitable for the task. We propose a method that adds a vector of a sentence already generated in the same recipe to the input of a captioning model. Then, we compare generated sentences and correct sentences to calculate scores. We also propose a data-processing method to improve accuracy. We employ several widely used metrics to evaluate image-captioning problems. We then train the same data with the simplest encoder-decoder model, compare it with correct recipe sentences, and calculate the metrics. The results indicate that my proposal methods help increase accuracy.
Reconstruction of the gastric cancer microenvironment after neoadjuvant chemotherapy by longitudinal single-cell sequencing (2022)

In conclusion, our study provided transcriptional profiles of TME between pre-treatment and post-treatment for in-depth understanding on the mechanisms of NACT in gastric cancer and empowering the development of potential optimized therapy procedures and novel drugs.
Integrating GMR Field Detectors for High-Bandwidth Current Sensing in Power Electronic Modules (2012)

This paper analyzes the placement of giant magnetoresistive (GMR) field detectors in power electronic modules. GMR field detectors can provide simultaneous high-bandwidth (dc to megahertz) current and temperature measurements in a small area (1.26 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{mm}^{2}$</tex></formula> ). The GMR detects incident magnetic fields, and because the spatial magnetic field from current-carrying conductors is dependent on frequency, a precise 5 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\%$</tex></formula> flat-bandwidth (FBW) metric is used to evaluate the placement of the GMR detectors. One significant contribution of this paper is to identify the effects of a conducting material near a current-carrying conductor on the FBW performance and to propose a methodology to achieve high FBW performance inside a power electronics module where the conducting material is near the current-carrying conductor. This paper also introduces a method using multiple GMR detectors to reduce the placement tolerances of the GMR detectors.
Misalignment-induced nodal aberration fields in two-mirror astronomical telescopes (2010)

We present the effects of misalignments on the field dependence of the third-order aberration fields of traditional, two-mirror astronomical telescopes in the context of nodal aberration theory, which we believe is the most general and extensible framework for describing and improving on-station performance. While many of the advantages of nodal aberration theory, compared to other, often power series expansion-based descriptions of misalignment effects on aberrations, become particularly important when analyzing telescopes with more than two mirrors, or in the presence of figure errors; this paper aims to provide and demonstrate the fundamental concepts needed to fully describe the state of correction of misaligned two-mirror telescopes. Importantly, it is shown that the assumption that perfect performance on axis ensures a fully aligned telescope is false, and we demonstrate that if Ritchey-Chrétien telescopes are aligned for zero coma on axis as the sole criterion, formidable misalignments will likely remain, leading to image quality degradation, particularly beyond midfield caused by astigmatism with binodal field dependence (i.e., astigmatism goes to zero at two points in the field).
Serum ferritin and risk for new-onset heart failure and cardiovascular events in the community (2016)

Increased serum ferritin levels independently amplify the risk for new-onset HF in women in the community.
Overview of magnetostrictive sensor technology (1999)

As sensors become integrated in more applications, interest in magnetostrictive sensor technology has blossomed. Magnetostrictive sensors take advantage of the efficient coupling between the elastic and magnetic states of a material to facilitate sensing a quantity of interest. Magnetic and magnetostrictive theory pertinent to magnetostrictive sensor technology is provided. Sensing configurations are based on the utilization of a magnetostrictive element in a passive, active, or combined mode. Magnetostrictive sensor configurations that measure motion, stress or force, torque, magnetic fields, target characteristics, and miscellaneous effects are discussed. The configurations are compared and contrasted in terms of application, sensitivity, and implementation issues. Comparisons are made to other common sensor configurations as appropriate. Experimental and modeling results are described when available and schematics of the configurations are presented.
Design and characterization of an injectable and porous hydrogel for biomedical applications (2020)

International audience
Use of titanium staples during upper tract laparoscopic reconstructive surgery: initial experience. (2002)

Titanium staples provide rapid, secure closure of the renal pelvis during laparoscopic pyeloplasty. While the risk of stone formation is an ongoing concern, it has yet to materialize.
Vanillin Activates Human Bitter Taste Receptors TAS2R14, TAS2R20, and TAS2R39 (2021)

Vanilla is widely used in food preparation worldwide for its sensory properties, mainly related to its fragrance, being vanillin the major compound present in the processed vanilla. Vanillin is also known to elicit bitterness as a secondary sensory sensation, but the molecular mechanism of its bitterness has never been reported. Assay buffers of vanillin were tested <i>in vitro</i> on all known 25 human bitter taste receptors TAS2Rs. Three receptors, TAS2R14, TAS2R20, and TAS2R39, were activated, showing that these receptors are mediating the bitterness of vanillin. The result could be useful to improve the overall sensory profile of this broadly used food ingredient, but even more could represent the starting point for further studies to investigate the potential of vanillin in sensory nutrition and other pharmaceutical applications.
Synthesis and Structure–Property Correlation in Shape‐Controlled ZnO Nanoparticles Prepared by Chemical Vapor Synthesis and their Application in Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

Abstract Here, the large scale synthesis of nanocrystalline ZnO spheres and tetrapods in the size range of 8–40 nm by chemical vapor synthesis using zinc metal as precursor is described. A detailed study of the effect of experimental parameters on the morphology and yield is presented. High‐resolution transmission electron microscopy images of the tetrapods show that they are formed by the self assembly of four nanorods in the vapor phase. The tetrapods have optical absorption coefficients that are one order of magnitude greater than the spheres and show intense UV luminescence whereas the spheres show only the green emission. The observed differences in the optical properties are related to the presence of surface defects present in the nanospheres. The tetrapods have increased efficiencies for application in dye sensitized solar cells when compared to spheres.
A very low-complexity space-time block decoder (STBD) ASIC for wireless systems (2006)

This paper presents a computationally efficient application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) implementation for the decoding of space-time block codes (STBCs) . Alternative methods of evaluating the originally proposed maximum-likelihood decision metrics are explored at the algorithm and architectural level. At the algorithm level, unique decoding techniques are developed that result in computation savings of as much as 65%. At the architectural level, a low-computation symmetrical approach for the implementation of the proposed algorithm is presented. The proposed ASIC architecture offers considerable computation reductions leading to substantial power and area savings compared to a direct implementation of the original algorithm. The proposed architecture was realized in an ASIC referred to as the ST block decoder ASIC. The chip was fabricated using 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS technology and occupies a core area of 0.25 mm/sup 2/. The ASIC architecture is highly scalable and can implement 2 /spl times/ 2, 8 /spl times/ 3, and 8 /spl times/ 4 STBCs with modulation formats ranging from binary-phase shift keying (BPSK) to 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM), and can operate at any symbol rate up to 20 Mbaud. Depending on the mode of operation, the decoder power consumption ranges from 0.54 mW for 2 /spl times/ 2 BPSK systems to 1.89 mW for 8 /spl times/ 4 16-QAM systems.
Visualizing the results of multimedia Web search engines (2002)

Search engines are very useful because they allow the user to retrieve documents of interest from the World-Wide Web. However, if the user's query results in lots of records to be retrieved, just listing the results is not very user-friendly. We are developing a system that allows the visualization of the results. Visualizations of both text and image search are generated on the fly based on the search results.
Insertional Activation of MDS1/EVI1, PRDM16 and SETBP1 in a Successful Chronic Granulomatous Disease (CGD) Gene Therapy Trial. (2006)

Abstract The potential of gene therapy to correct genetic diseases of the lymphoid compartment has been demonstrated in ADA-SCID and X-linked SCID clinical gene therapy trials. The first successful correction of the myeloid compartment could be achieved in the latest chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) gene therapy trial. CD34+ bone marrow derived cells of 2 patients were transduced using a SFFV based retroviral vector encoding the therapeutic transgene gp91phox. After non-myeloablative conditioning the autologous cells were reinfused. 3 months post therapy the proportion of marked granulocytes was 20% in patient 1 and 10% in patient 2. 5 to 9 months after treatment the proportion of gp91phox expressing granulocytes expanded 4-fold in both patients. Until the latest time points analyzed, (P1: d820; P2: d560) the marking efficiency persisted at that level. In order to define the clonality of the corrected hematopoietic repopulation we accomplished linear amplification mediated PCR (LAM-PCR) on peripheral blood and bone marrow samples as well as sorted lymphoid and myeloid fractions derived from successive time points after therapy. To characterize the retroviral insertion site distribution, we carried out high throughput sequencing and mapping of the vector genome junctions. The hematopoietic repopulation in patient 1 was polyclonal up to day 542 after therapy. Subsequently the number of corrected cell clones and the activity of a predominant clone decreased up to 820 days post transplantation, when the patient succumbed to infectious complications. In this time frame, a different predominant clone appeared. The repopulation in patient 2 has been polyclonal until the latest time point analyzed. Identification of 435 integration sites from patient 1 and 330 insertion sites from patient 2 revealed the gene coding region of the zinc finger transcription factor homologues MDS1/EVI1 and PRDM16 as common integration sites (CIS) in both patients and the SETBP1 locus as a third CIS in patient 1. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated an activating influence of vector LTR on individual CIS genes. Our data show that prospectively studying insertions and stem cell contributions is feasible and that retroviral vector insertion may lead to an upregulation of genes causing an in vivo expansion of the affected cell clones, which can augment gene-corrected hematopoietic repopulation as an unexpected, thus far non-adverse side effect.
Susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm to Alpha-Helical Peptides: D-enantiomer of LL-37 (2011)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a highly versatile opportunistic pathogen and its ability to produce biofilms is a direct impediment to the healing of wounds and recovery from infection. Interest in anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) has grown due to their potential therapeutic applications and their possible use against antibiotic resistant bacteria. LL-37 is the only cathelicidin expressed by humans. In this study, we tested LL-37 and the effect of a protease-resistant LL-37 peptide mimetic, the peptide enantiomer D-LL-37, for anti-microbial and anti-biofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. Both forms of the peptide were equally effective as AMPs with similar killing kinetics. Circular dichroism spectra were obtained to demonstrate the chirality of D- and L-LL-37, and the trypsin resistance of D-LL-37 was confirmed. The helical cathelicidin from the cobra Naja atra (NA-CATH), and synthetic peptide variations (ATRA-1, ATRA-2, NA-CATH:ATRA1-ATRA1) were also tested. Although the cobra cathelicidin and related peptides had strong anti-microbial activity, those tested did not inhibit Pseudomonas biofilm formation, neither did control peptides. Both D- and L-LL-37 inhibited the attachment of Pseudomonas to a 96-well plate and decreased the amount of pre-formed (established) biofilm. D-LL-37 is able to promote Pseudomonas motility and decrease biofilm formation by altering the rate of twitching as well as by downregulating the expression of the biofilm-related genes, rhlA and rhlB, similar to L-LL-37. Both L- and D-LL-37 protected Galleria mellonella in vivo against Pseudomonas infection, while NA-CATH:ATRA1-ATRA1 peptide did not. This study demonstrates the ability and equivalence of D-LL-37 compared to L-LL-37 to promote bacterial twitching motility and inhibit biofilm formation, and protect against in vivo infection, and suggests that this peptide could be a critical advancement in the development of new treatments for P. aeruginosa infection.
ENDOSCOPIC IMPLANTATION OF ENTERYX® FOR THE TREATMENT OF GERD (2004)

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the Enteryx® procedure for the treatment of GERD symptoms in a randomized, controlled study of patients responding to and requiring daily PPIs. Methods: Multi-center, randomized, controlled trial of Enteryx with “crossover” option starting at 3 months post procedure. Sixty-four proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-dependent patients with well established GERD symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation were randomized using individually sealed envelopes into 2 groups of 32 patients. Control patients received an esopha-gogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) only. The primary endpoint was PPI usage at 3 months. Secondary endpoints included GERD health-related quality of life (GERD-HRQL) symptom score, 24 hr pH-metry, and manometry. PPI washout occurred prior to randomization and at the 3 month unblinding point. “Cross-over” qualification at 3 months was GERD-HRQL >15 off-PPIs. Results: Interim 3-month data were available for 84% (54/64) of randomized patients. Twenty-seven patients were randomly assigned to undergo the Enteryx procedure; 27 patients were randomly assigned to the control group. At 3 months, 17 (63%) patients in the Enteryx group demonstrated GERD symptom relief, as measured by a GERD-HRQL score <15 off-PPIs, compared to 22% in control arm. The median improvement in GERD symptom scores from baseline was 15 (range 7 to 23) in the Enteryx group compared to 4 (range-4 to 13) in the control group. Seventeen (63%) Enteryx patients had completely eliminated daily use of PPIs compared to 33% in the control group. Conclusions: At 3 months, patients in the Enteryx group appear more likely to achieve GERD symptom relief and completely eliminate daily PPI use compared to patients in the control group. These data are strongly supportive that the effectiveness of Enteryx in the unblinded prospective trials reported to date is not a “placebo response” at 3 months follow-up.
Seven Steps to an Accurate Worst-Case Power Analysis Using Xilinx Power Estimator (XPE) (2008)

Power and cooling specifications for an FPGA design have to be determined early in the product’s design cycle, often even before the logic within the FPGA has been designed. An accurate worst-case power analysis early on helps you avoid the pitfalls of overdesigning or underdesigning your product’s power or cooling system.
Supplementary Data from A DNA-Launched Nanoparticle Vaccine Elicits CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Immunity to Promote <i>In Vivo</i> Tumor Control (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary figures 1-4 and Supplementary Table 1&lt;/p&gt;
End-Expiratory Lung Volume during Arm and Leg Exercise in Normal Subjects and Patients with Cystic Fibrosis (1998)

There are no reports concerning the regulation of end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) and flow-volume relationships during upper limb exercise in health and disease. We studied EELV during such exercise in 22 adults with cystic fibrosis (CF) and nine age-matched healthy control subjects. Subjects with CF were grouped according to the severity of their lung disease, as follows: mild = FEV1 > 80% predicted; moderate = FEV1 40 to 80% predicted, and severe = FEV1 < 40% predicted. EELV was calculated from measurements of inspiratory capacity (IC) made at each workload during an incremental arm and leg ergometer test to peak work capacity. In the control group, the decrease in EELV was significantly smaller for arm than for leg exercise at peak work (-0.13 L versus -0.53 L, p < 0.001) and for arm than for leg exercise at an equivalent submaximal ventilation (-0.13 L versus -0.46 L, p < 0.01). In the groups with moderate and severe CF, arm exercise resulted in an increase in EELV from resting levels (dynamic hyperinflation) that was not significantly different from the increase observed for leg exercise. For CF subjects there was a significant inverse relationship between FEV1 and changes in EELV from rest to peak arm exercise (r = -0.46, p < 0.05). In normal subjects, there was a difference in the EELV response for arm versus leg exercise. In CF subjects with airflow limitation, dynamic hyperinflation occurred with both forms of exercise.
A Physical Layer for Low Power Optical Wireless Communications (2020)

Energy consumption is one of the critical issues in optical wireless communications transmitter design and a limiting factor to miniaturization and deployment in mobile devices. In order to reduce energy requirements, we assess a physical layer based on high-bandwidth on-off keying modulation. The use of on-off keying allows for highly efficient transmitter frontend designs that avoid operation of amplifier stages in a resistive mode, which has the potential of reducing their energy usage by an order of magnitude. Link-level simulations show that this physical layer can deal with typical frontend limitations and can operate in challenging non-line-of-sight channels. For these reasons, we believe that the solution evaluated here can deliver a significant contribution to optical wireless communications technology in a wide range of use cases.
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in its 60s: A platform for cellular therapies (2018)

Over the last 60 years, more than a million patients received hematopoietic cell transplantation. Having incorporated multiple changes in clinical practices, it remains a complex procedure facing a dual challenge: cure of the underlying disease and prevention of relapse while controlling potentially severe complications. Improved understanding of underlying biological processes resulted in the design of innovative therapies engineered from defined cell populations and testing of these therapies as addition or substitution at virtually every step of the procedure. This review provides an overview of these developments, many of them now applied outside the historical field of hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Low-Energy Electron Diffraction during Pulsed Laser Annealing: A Time- Resolved Surface Structural Study (1984)

Nanosecond structural changes in a crystal lattice during pulsed laser annealing have been measured by use of time-resolved low-energy electron diffraction. Low-energy electron diffraction is both structure and surface (\ensuremath{\sim} 10 \AA{}) sensitive and can yield lattice temperatures from Debye-Waller-like extinction coefficients. Combining these with nanosecond time resolution provides a surface probe for short-time dynamical processes. The results demonstrate rapid formation of a liquid layer and subsequent surface recrystallization and cooling on (111) Ge.
ChemInform Abstract: “EVEN” REGIOSELECTIVITY IN (6 + 4) CYCLOADDITIONS OF UNSYMMETRICAL TROPONES WITH DIENES (1984)

Abstract Die Tropone (I) addieren die Diene (II)‐(IV) unter Bildung der im Formelschema aufgeführten Cycloaddukte.