gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-time dual-wavelength digital holographic microscopy with a single hologram acquisition (2007)

A technique to perform two-wavelengths digital holographic microscopy (DHM) measurements with a single hologram acquisition is presented. The vertical measurement range without phase ambiguity is extended to the micron-range, thanks to the resulting synthetic wavelength defined by the beating of two wavelengths with a separation of about 80nm. Real-time dual-wavelength imaging is made possible by using two reference waves having different wavelengths and propagation directions for the hologram recording. The principle of the method is exposed and experimental results concerning a 1.2mum m high test sample as well as a moving micro-mirror are presented. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first time that real-time synthetic beat-wavelength digital holography measurements are reported.
Thermodynamics of Macromolecular Systems (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Characteristics of Polymer Solutions Flory–Huggins Theory Dilute Macromolecular Solutions Semi-Dilute Macromolecular Solutions Polymer–Polymer Blends Appendix Literature
IC‐P‐174: In vitro characterization of [3H]‐T808 (tau PET tracer) binding in human brain tissues in Alzheimer's disease (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia. Although the cause and progression of AD are not fully understood, the association of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) in the brain with AD is well documented. NFTs are hyperphosphorylated tau protein and NFT levels are tightly associated with the severity of dementia. Therefore, therapies aimed at reducing brain NFTs may be beneficial to disease modification. Furthermore, development of a specific PET tracer capable of imaging brain NFTs could aid in the development of such therapies. [18 F]-T808 was recently reported as a highly selective tau PET tracer (1). We have used [3 H]-T808 to characterize its binding properties in human brain tissue. Frozen AD and non-AD brains were used in the study. [3 H]-T808 was synthesized in house. Autoradiography (ARG) was performed using frozen brain slices and brain homogenates were used for the filtration binding assays. Both cold Pittsburgh Compound-B (PIB) and cold THK-523 were used as blockers and compared with T-808 self-block. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed with antibodies (6E10; amyloid plaque specific and PHF6; NFT specific) on adjacent brain slices used for the ARG study. We observed displaceable [3 H]-T808 binding in several regions of AD brains slices including the entorhinal cortex, hippocampus and frontal cortex. [3 H]-T808 binding patterns co-localize with the NFT IHC staining pattern, but not with the 6E10 stain pattern. PIB did not show significant inhibition of [3 H]-T808 binding as compared to self-block. In addition, [3 H]-T808 had minimal binding in non-AD brain slices. [3 H]-T808 had good binding affinity (K d = 7.8 ± 3.4 nM) and one binding site in the AD brain homogenates. [3 H]-T808 binding site densities (B max) were variable in different AD brains depending on the NFT levels. PIB was a poor inhibitor of [3 H]-T808 binding (IC 50 = 716 nM) but THK-523 showed moderate inhibition (IC 50 = 76 ± 26 nM) of [3 H]-T808 binding. This study demonstrated [3 H]-T808 binding selectivity and binding potential (B max / K d) in human AD brains. The data are consistent with the previous report by Zhang and colleagues (1), and supports further development of T-808 as a tau-selective PET tracer.
Ionic dissociation of NaCl on frozen water (2000)

Low-energy reactive ion scattering (RIS) experiments show that NaCl dissociates almost completely on condensed ice surfaces prepared on Ru(001) even at 100 K forming solvated ions. NaCl by itself does not dissociate on a Ru(001) substrate; however, submonolayer coverages of water sets-in dissociation. Na+ ions thus created are immobile such that they do not migrate across one water bilayer (BL) over several minutes. Accumulation of positive charge at the ice surface makes Na+ diffuse into the sublayers.
Self-Assembly and Polymerization of Epoxy Resin-Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Nanocomposites (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSelf-Assembly and Polymerization of Epoxy Resin-Amphiphilic Block Copolymer NanocompositesMarc A. Hillmyer, Paul M. Lipic, Damian A. Hajduk, Kristoffer Almdal, and Frank S. BatesView Author Information Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Risø National Laboratory DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 11, 2749–2750Publication Date (Web):March 19, 1997Publication History Received16 October 1996Published online19 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja963622mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja963622mrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4243Altmetric-Citations377LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Materials,Mixtures,Morphology,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Character and Treatment of Organic Colloids in Challenging and Impacted Drinking Water Sources (2011)

Aquatic colloids are ubiquitous in nature and are composed of inorganic and organic material. During treatment of drinking water they foul granular filters, membranes, and granular activated carbon and are likely to hinder oxidation processes. The organic fraction of aquatic colloids was isolated from 14 samples (three wastewaters, five reservoirs, three rivers, two biological laboratory reactors, and one treated reservoir water). Transmission electron microscopy revealed nanoscale cellular debris and fibrous material. On the basis of advanced spectroscopic techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, C13 nuclear magnetic resonance, and transmission electron microscopy) organic colloids were found to contain peptidoglycan, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. Saccharides and hydrolysable amino acids accounted for 44 to 81% of organic carbon. The reactivity of these colloids toward chlorine was also evaluated. Disinfection by-product yields were comparable to other organic matter fractions. During simulation of conventional water treatment, organic colloids were well-removed (42% or 0.41 mg-C/L), and the organic colloid disinfection by-product yield was reduced by 32% for trihalomethanes and 25% for haloacetic acids, illustrating that conventional treatment was highly effective at physical removal. The composition of organic colloids relates to aquatic biological activity and is likely to pose treatment challenges when biologically active waters (e.g., wastewater reuse, algae-impacted surface water) enter drinking water treatment plants.
Understanding Location-Based User Experience (2014)

As location-based applications increase in scope and variety, engineering them to deliver a high-quality user experience becomes increasingly important. The authors describe how user experience criteria map to location-based applications, the special demands these criteria place on modeling, and how to realize such applications to obtain high-quality user experience.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Senescence Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells Is Defined by Positive Feedback Loop between CIP2A and E2F1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 PDF file - 48K, CIP2A expression and correlation with clinicopathological markers of advanced disease in unselected human breast cancer material&lt;/p&gt;
Novel Tone Reservation Method for DFT-s-OFDM (2021)

In this letter, a novel guard-tone reservation (GTR) method is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of discrete Fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform. Unlike existing PAPR reduction methods, the proposed GTR operates directly in the data symbol domain, estimating the peaks through the relations between the data symbols, while the corresponding peak-cancellation signal (PCS) is efficiently embedded into the waveform processing. Furthermore, the PCS is generated by exploiting only the guard-band tones, leaving thus the inband data tones undistorted. The performance of the method is evaluated in 5G New Radio (NR) uplink context including also realistic measured power amplifier (PA) characteristics. The obtained results show that significant PAPR reduction and corresponding PA output power gains can be obtained while the computational complexity is shown to be low.
Correction: Dependency on the TYK2/STAT1/MCL1 axis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (2020)

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Direct Transformation of Tetrafluoroethylene to Trifluorovinylzinc via sp2 C–F Bond Activation (2020)

Trifluorovinylzinc is a common synthetic intermediate for trifluorovinyl derivatives, including α,β,β-trifluorostyrenes and hexafluorobutadiene. Here, we report a novel synthetic approach for the formation of trifluorovinylzinc chloride via a C-F bond activation of tetrafluoroethylene (TFE), which is an industrially cost-effective bulk feedstock with a negligible GWP. The present system provides a practical synthetic route to various trifluorovinyl derivatives with very low energy consumption.
Rational Design of Inverted Nanopencil Arrays for Cost-Effective, Broadband, and Omnidirectional Light Harvesting (2014)

Due to the unique optical properties, three-dimensional arrays of silicon nanostructures have attracted increasing attention as the efficient photon harvesters for various technological applications. In this work, instead of dry etching, we have utilized our newly developed wet anisotropic etching to fabricate silicon nanostructured arrays with different well-controlled geometrical morphologies, ranging from nanopillars, nanorods, and inverted nanopencils to nanocones, followed by systematic investigations of their photon-capturing properties combining experiments and simulations. It is revealed that optical properties of these nanoarrays are predominantly dictated by their geometrical factors including the structural pitch, material filling ratio, and aspect ratio. Surprisingly, along with the proper geometrical design, the inverted nanopencil arrays can couple incident photons into optical modes in the pencil base efficiently in order to achieve excellent broadband and omnidirectional light-harvesting performances even with the substrate thickness down to 10 μm, which are comparable to the costly and technically difficult to achieve nanocone counterparts. Notably, the fabricated nanopencils with both 800 and 380 nm base diameters can suppress the optical reflection well below 5% over a broad wavelength of 400-1000 nm and a wide angle of incidence between 0 and 60°. All these findings not only offer additional insight into the light-trapping mechanism in these complex 3D nanophotonic structures but also provide efficient broadband and omnidirectional photon harvesters for next-generation cost-effective ultrathin nanostructured photovoltaics.
Improving the efficiency of upconversion by light concentration using nanoparticle design (2019)

Abstract Upconversion of sunlight with energy below the band gap of a solar cell is a promising technique for enhancing the cell efficiency, simply by utilizing a larger part of the solar spectrum. The present topical review addresses this concept and discusses the material properties needed for an efficient upconversion process with focus on both silicon and organic solar cells. To design efficient upconverters, insight into topics such as quantum-optics, nano-optics, numerical modeling, optimization, material fabrication, and material characterization is paramount, and the necessary concepts are introduced throughout the review. Upconversion modeling is done using rate equations, while optical modeling is done by solving Maxwell’s equations using the finite element method. Topology optimization is introduced and used to generate geometries of gold nanoparticles capable of greatly enhancing the upconversion yield. Fabrication and experimental characterization methods are discussed. Some recent results are presented and finally the possibility of designing upconverting materials capable of increasing the short-circuit current in a solar cell is discussed.
Study on Fatigue Mechanism of Mg‐0.6at%Y Alloy by Cyclic Tensile Test. (2016)

In this investigation, the fatigue mechanisms of Mg-0.6at%Y dilute alloy were studied by cyclic tensile tests. After annealing at 723 K for 8 h, average grain size of 180 μm was obtained. Yield stress and ultimate tensile strength were 65 and 140 MPa, respectively. Cyclic tensile tests were carried out at room temperature for 10 cycles. Stress was continuously cycled from nil to peak value and subsequently unloading back to nil. Peak stress was controlled according to yield stress: below yield stress, near yield stress and above yield stress. The results showed that basal slip and prismatic slip are the main fatigue mechanisms of Mg-Y alloy. {10-12} tension twinning only occurs when peak stress is above yield stress. Furthermore, compared with previous work on AZ31 Mg alloy, prismatic dislocation slip promotes cyclic strain hardening more obvious than {10-12} tension twinning does.
Increased field-of-view full-field OCT for 3D high-resolution retinal imaging (Conference Presentation) (2020)

To achieve 3D high-cellular resolution, a great effort, in the past years, was made to develop Adaptive Optics (AO)-OCT systems. However, such systems require quite complex, expensive and cumbersome hardware, making clinical transfer challenging. Moreover, conventional AO correction is limited to the retina isoplanatic patch (about 1deg), reducing the useful field of view (FOV). Recently, we showed the potential of Time Domain Full-Field-OCT (FF-OCT) to achieve 2deg FOV high-cellular-resolution in-vivo retinal imaging without using AO. Nevertheless, the technique was still facing some challenges in providing consistent and reproducible images (mainly due to axial eye motion), and it presented a reduced signal and FOV. Here, we present the new generation of FF-OCT system with axial eye motion tracking. We show new results and methods to minimize dispersion and coherence gate curvature enabling achieving 4deg (potentially 8deg) FOV high-cellular-resolution retinal images.
1fNoise and Grain-Boundary Diffusion in Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (1985)

We have measured the $\frac{1}{f}$ noise in polycrystalline films of Al, Al-Si(1%), and Al-Cu(4%) in the temperature range of 300 to 600 K. The temperature dependence indicated activation energies of 0.69, 0.80, and 0.89 eV, respectively. These energies are similar to the activation energies found for Al diffusion along grain boundaries for films of the same size and composition measured in the same temperature range. Measurements of samples with identical compositions but differing widths and thicknesses revealed significant departures from the usual inverse volume dependence of the $\frac{1}{f}$ noise.
[Custom-made artificial bones fabricated by an inkjet printing technology]. (2008)

Although current treatment modalities for bone defects include autograft, allograft, and artificial bone substitutes, they have problems concerning invasiveness, safety, and performance, respectively, calling for development of innovative artificial bones with better handling and mechanical strength, better control of external and internal structures, and better biodegradability and osteo-inductive ability. We propose to fabricate novel high performance artificial bones using 3D inkjet printer based on the image data of bone deformity. Shape precisely fitting to the deformity, internal structure facilitating cell invasion, and good biodegradability are achieved. Bioactive substances can be incorporated by printing in combination with drug delivery system to induce bone regeneration at desired locations. These osteo-inductive artificial bones will help efficiently treat various types of bone deformity in a less invasive and safe manner.
Characterizing diabetic wound metabolism and microstructure using multi-photon microscopy (2014)

Through two-photon excited fluorescence and second harmonic generation imaging, quantitative optical biomarkers based on endogenous sources of contrast reveal differences in the structure and metabolic function of diabetic and non-diabetic wounds.
Streptococcus suis in employees and the environment of swine slaughterhouses in São Paulo, Brazil: Occurrence, risk factors, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility. (2015)

Streptococcus suis is an important pathogen in the swine industry. This article is the first to report the occurrence, risk factors, serotype distribution, and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. suis recovered from employees and environmental samples of swine slaughterhouses in Brazil. Tonsillar swabs from all 139 pig-slaughtering employees and 261 environmental swabs were collected for detection of S. suis and serotyping by monoplex and multiplex polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the disk-diffusion method. Although S. suis was not detected in any of the tested employees, it was isolated from 25% of the environmental samples. Significant differences (P < 0.05) in the occurrence of S. suis were observed between slaughterhouses and between areas of low, medium, and high risk. The most frequent serotypes were 4 and 29, each accounting for 12% of the isolates, followed by 5, 12, 21, and 31, each accounting for 6%. High rates of susceptibility to the antimicrobials doxycycline (100%), ceftiofur (94%), ampicillin (81%), and cephalexin (75%) were observed. However, multidrug resistance was observed in all the isolates. Because S. suis is present in the environment of swine slaughterhouses, on carcasses and knives, as well as on the hands of employees in all areas, all employees are at risk of infection.
Optimizing Startshot Lightsail Design: A Generative Network-Based Approach (2021)

The Starshot lightsail project aims to build an ultralight spacecraft (“nanocraft”) that can reach Proxima Centauri b in approximately 20 years, requiring propulsion with a relativistic velocity of ∼60 000 km/s. The spacecraft’s acceleration approach currently under investigation is based on applying the radiation pressure from a high-power laser array located on Earth to the spacecraft lightsail. However, the practical realization of such a spacecraft imposes extreme requirements on the lightsail’s optical, mechanical, thermal properties. Within this work, we apply adjoint topology optimization and a variational autoencoder-assisted inverse design algorithm to develop and optimize a silicon-based lightsail design. We demonstrate that the developed framework can provide optimized optical and opto-kinematic properties of the lightsail. Furthermore, the framework opens up the pathways to realizing a multi-objective optimization of the entire lightsail propulsion system, leveraging the previously demonstrated concept of physics-driven compressed space engineering.
HJ16 induced resistant virus displays rare natural mutation highlighting the conserved nature of this new CD4bs epitope (2011)

Background Immunogen development for HIV-1 vaccines can be based on epitope identification of naturally occurring neutralizing antibodies in HIV-1 infected patients. A neutralizing monoclonal antibody, HJ16, was obtained at IRB from a patient recruited at ITM which recognized a new epitope in the CD4bs and neutralized mostly tier 2 strains that were not neutralized by b12[1]. This new CD4bs epitope is not fully characterized yet but could be important for immunogen design. We therefore used a neutralization sensitive virus and after resistance induction compared the resistant and sensitive strains to map important regions for the HJ16 neutralizing activity.
Interaction of Primary Amphipathic Cell-Penetrating Peptides with Phospholipid-Supported Monolayers (2004)

The mesoscopic organization adopted by two primary amphipathic peptides, P(beta) and P(alpha), in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films made of either the pure peptide or peptide-phospholipid mixtures was examined by atomic force microscopy. P(beta), a potent cell-penetrating peptide (CPP), and P(alpha) mainly differ by their conformational states, predominantly a beta-sheet for P(beta) and an alpha-helix for P(alpha), as determined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. LB films of pure peptide, transferred significantly below their collapse pressure, were characterized by the presence of supramolecular structures, globular aggregates for P(beta) and filaments for P(alpha), inserted into the monomolecular film. In mixed peptide-phospholipid films, similar structures could be observed, as a function of the phospholipid headgroup and acyl chain saturation. They often coexisted with a liquid-expanded phase composed of miscible peptide-lipid. These data strongly suggest that primary amphipathic CPP and antimicrobial peptides may share, to some extent, common mechanisms of interaction with membranes.
Analysis of the Baseband Termination of High Power RF Transistors (2019)

RF Pre-Matching of High Power Transistors involves considerations of impedance matching, RF Bandwidth, phase characteristics as well as physical realization. Due to the increase in signal bandwidth requirements of next generation applications, it has become necessary to incorporate baseband impedance circuits to ensure the power transistor is capable of amplifying these signals with minimum distortion as well as correct within specifications using digital predistortion systems. In this paper we analyze the baseband response of a widely used pre matching topology for RF Power Transistors as well as propose and analyze modifications that allow for improved large signal bandwidth operation. The results show than an ACLR improvement of approximately 10dB resulted from the addition of an integrated bias network with damping resistance using the same DPD complexity.
SAR Dependence on Phantom Dimensions in WPT Exposure Assessment (2020)

The concept of wireless power transfer (WPT) for distant powering of various electronic devices has received much attention of the research community [1]. Recently, WPT technology has been actively developed for the electric vehicle charge applications [2]. According to the ICNIRP guidelines, the human exposure limits above 100 kHz using the specific absorption rate (SAR) as the assessment criteria are defined [3]. In human safety assessment of inductive coupling WPT systems, phantom of different shapes and dimensions can be used [4]. It is therefore important to consider the effect of phantom size variation on the SAR values obtained in the assessment of WPT systems. This work reports the results of EM simulation of a simple inductive coupling WPT coils operating close to the elliptical phantoms of varying dimensions.