gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Salmonella Contamination on Chicken Egg Shells by a Peroxidase‐Catalyzed Sanitizer (1997)

ABSTRACT A peroxidase‐catalyzed compound (PCC) sanitizer was tested to determine its bactericidal activity on Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella enteritidis inoculated on egg shell surfaces. Eggs with no treatment were compared to those immersed in either deionized distilled water, PCC or 200 ppm chlorine‐treated water for 1, 3 or 5 min. Eggs immersed in PCC or chlorinated water solutions had lower (P &lt; 0.05) S. typhimurium and S. enteritidis populations than those not exposed to treatments. No differences were detected among PCC and chlorine treatments except the S. typhimurium populations from PCC dipped eggs were significantly higher than those from eggs dipped in the chlorinated water for 1 min. Results indicate that PCC has potential as an effective shell egg sanitizer.
Dynamics of human telomerase recruitment depend on template-telomere base pairing (2018)

The reverse transcriptase telomerase adds telomeric repeats to chromosome ends to counteract telomere shortening and thereby assures genomic stability in dividing human cells. Key parameters in telomere homeostasis are the frequency with which telomerase engages the chromosome end and the number of telomeric repeats it adds during each association event. To study telomere elongation in vivo, we have established a live-cell imaging assay to track individual telomerase ribonucleoproteins in CRISPR-edited HeLa cells. Using this assay and the drug imetelstat, which is a competitive inhibitor of telomeric DNA binding, we demonstrate that stable association of telomerase with the single-stranded overhang of the chromosome end requires telomerase-DNA base pairing. Furthermore, we show that telomerase processivity contributes to telomere elongation in vivo. Together, these findings provide new insight into the dynamics of telomerase recruitment and the importance of processivity in maintaining telomere length in human cancer cells.
Effects of GaAs/AlAs superlattice buffer layers on selective area regrowth for GaAs/AlGaAs self-aligned structure lasers (1985)

The effects of GaAs/AlAs superlattice buffer layers on selective area regrowth by molecular beam epitaxy were investigated for self-aligned structure lasers. It is demonstrated that the superlattice buffer layer is an effective means to obtain a smoother interface with reduced alloy clustering, from which the threshold current was reduced and stable single transverse mode operation was obtained.
Pharmacology of manipulating lean body mass (2014)

Dysfunction and wasting of skeletal muscle as a consequence of illness decreases the length and quality of life. Currently, there are few, if any, effective treatments available to address these conditions. Hence, the existence of this unmet medical need has fuelled large scientific efforts. Fortunately, these efforts have shown many of the underlying mechanisms adversely affecting skeletal muscle health. With increased understanding have come breakthrough disease-specific and broad spectrum interventions, some progressing through clinical development. The present review focuses its attention on the role of the antagonistic process regulating skeletal muscle mass before branching into prospective promising therapeutic targets and interventions. Special attention is given to therapies in development against cancer cachexia and Duchenne muscular dystrophy before closing remarks on design and conceptualization of future therapies are presented to the reader.
Highly efficient IL-21 and feeder cell-driven ex vivo expansion of human NK cells with therapeutic activity in a xenograft mouse model of melanoma (2016)

Natural killer (NK) cells are promising antitumor effector cells, but the generation of sufficient NK cell numbers for adoptive immunotherapy remains challenging. Therefore, we developed a method for highly efficient <i>ex vivo</i> expansion of human NK cells. <i>Ex vivo</i> expansion of NK cells in medium containing IL-2 and irradiated clinical-grade feeder cells (EBV-LCL) induced a 22-fold NK cell expansion after one week that was significantly increased to 53-fold by IL-21. Repeated stimulation with irradiated EBV-LCL and IL-2 and addition of IL-21 at the initiation of the culture allowed sustained NK cell proliferation with 10<sup>11</sup>-fold NK cell expansion after 6 weeks. Compared to naive NK cells, expanded NK cells upregulated TRAIL, NKG2D, and DNAM-1, had superior cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines <i>in vitro</i> and produced more IFNγ and TNF-α upon PMA/Iono stimulation. Most importantly, adoptive transfer of NK cells expanded using feeder cells, IL-2 and IL-21 led to significant inhibition of tumor growth in a melanoma xenograft mouse model, which was greater than with NK cells activated with IL-2 alone. Intriguingly, adoptively transferred NK cells maintained their enhanced production of IFNγ and TNF-α upon <i>ex vivo</i> restimulation, although they rapidly lost their capacity to degranulate and mediate tumor cytotoxicity after the <i>in vivo</i> transfer. In conclusion, we developed a protocol for <i>ex vivo</i> NK cell expansion that results in outstanding cell yields. The expanded NK cells possess potent antitumor activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> and could be utilized at high numbers for adoptive immunotherapy in the clinic.
Decomposition of the time-reversal operator in the Rayleigh limit (2007)

Acoustic scattering analysis is an important tool in acoustic imaging and characterization with applications in non-destructive testing, medical imaging or underwater acoustics. The DORT method consists of the study of the time-reversal invariants which correspond, for a given transducers array, to the eigenvectors of the time-reversal operator or to the singular vectors of the array response matrix K. The decomposition of the scattered pressure in normal modes of vibrations allows the determination of the theoretical time-reversal invariants for different two-dimensional elastic objects such as cylinders or tubes. The N dimension problem, where N is the number of transducers, is reduced to a problem which dimension is about 2ka+1, where a is the scatterer radius and k the wave number in the surrounding fluid. This approach provides analytical expressions of the two first singular values and vectors in the Rayleigh limit, i.e. 2a smaller than the resolution cell. These results are verified experimentally and in good agreement with the original point of view: for a small scatterer, there is one dominant singular value associated with the singular vector which focuses isotropicaly on the scatterer. Some of these results can be generalized to 3-D objects such as spheres.
Channel capacity under general nonuniform sampling (2012)

This paper develops the fundamental capacity limits of a sampled analog channel under a sub-Nyquist sampling rate constraint. In particular, we derive the capacity of sampled analog channels over a general class of time-preserving sampling methods including irregular nonuniform sampling. Our results indicate that the optimal sampling structures extract out the set of frequencies that exhibits the highest SNR among all spectral sets of support size equal to the sampling rate. The capacity under sub-Nyquist sampling can be attained through filter-bank sampling, or through a single branch of modulation and filtering followed by uniform sampling. The capacity under sub-Nyquist sampling is a monotone function of the sampling rate. These results indicate that the optimal sampling schemes suppress aliasing, and that employing irregular nonuniform sampling does not provide capacity gain over uniform sampling sets with appropriate preprocessing for a large class of channels.
Growth Retardation and Death of Rice Plants Irradiated with Carbon Ion Beams Is Preceded by Very Early Dose- and Time-dependent Gene Expression Changes (2008)

The carbon-ion beam (CIB) generated by the heavy-ion medical accelerator in Chiba (HIMAC) was targeted to 7-day-old rice. Physiological parameters such as growth, and gene expression profiles were examined immediately after CIB irradiation. Dose-dependent growth suppression was seen three days post-irradiation (PI), and all the irradiated plants died by 15 days PI. Microarray (Agilent rice 22K) analysis of the plants immediately after irradiation (iai) revealed effects on gene expression at 270 Gy; 353 genes were up-regulated and 87 down-regulated. Exactly the same set of genes was affected at 90 Gy. Among the highly induced genes were genes involved in information storage and processing, cellular processes and signaling, and metabolism. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the microarray data.
Prostate Cancer Topography and Patterns of Lymph Node Metastasis (2010)

Thirty percent to 40% of LN metastases occurred contralateral to the dominant tumor. LN metastasis is overwhelmingly associated with high-grade, high-stage, and large volume disease. LN positivity is rarely associated with anterior dominant tumors.
Search for time-dependent CP violation in D0→K+K− and D0→π+π− decays (2021)

A search for time-dependent violation of the charge-parity symmetry in ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ and ${D}^{0}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decays is performed at the LHCb experiment using proton-proton collision data recorded from 2015 to 2018 at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $6\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The ${D}^{0}$ meson is required to originate from a ${D}^{*}(2010{)}^{+}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{D}^{0}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}$ decay, such that its flavor at production is identified by the charge of the accompanying pion. The slope of the time-dependent asymmetry of the decay rates of ${D}^{0}$ and ${\overline{D}}^{0}$ mesons into the final states under consideration is measured to be $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{Y}_{{K}^{+}{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}}=(\ensuremath{-}2.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1.5\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, $\mathrm{\ensuremath{\Delta}}{Y}_{{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{+}{\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}}=(\ensuremath{-}4.0\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2.8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. These results are compatible with the conservation of the charge-parity symmetry at the level of 2 standard deviations and improve the precision by nearly a factor of 2.
2-Mercaptomethyl Thiazolidines (MMTZs) Inhibit All Metallo-β-Lactamase Classes by Maintaining a Conserved Binding Mode (2021)

Metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production in Gram-negative bacteria is an important contributor to β-lactam antibiotic resistance. Combining β-lactams with β-lactamase inhibitors (BLIs) is a validated route to overcoming resistance, but MBL inhibitors are not available in the clinic. On the basis of zinc utilization and sequence, MBLs are divided into three subclasses, B1, B2, and B3, whose differing active-site architectures hinder development of BLIs capable of "cross-class" MBL inhibition. We previously described 2-mercaptomethyl thiazolidines (MMTZs) as B1 MBL inhibitors (e.g., NDM-1) and here show that inhibition extends to the clinically relevant B2 (Sfh-I) and B3 (L1) enzymes. MMTZs inhibit purified MBLs <i>in vitro</i> (e.g., Sfh-I, <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> 0.16 μM) and potentiate β-lactam activity against producer strains. X-ray crystallography reveals that inhibition involves direct interaction of the MMTZ thiol with the mono- or dizinc centers of Sfh-I/L1, respectively. This is further enhanced by sulfur-π interactions with a conserved active site tryptophan. Computational studies reveal that the stereochemistry at chiral centers is critical, showing less potent MMTZ stereoisomers (up to 800-fold) as unable to replicate sulfur-π interactions in Sfh-I, largely through steric constraints in a compact active site. Furthermore, <i>in silico</i> replacement of the thiazolidine sulfur with oxygen (forming an oxazolidine) resulted in less favorable aromatic interactions with B2 MBLs, though the effect is less than that previously observed for the subclass B1 enzyme NDM-1. In the B3 enzyme L1, these effects are offset by additional MMTZ interactions with the protein main chain. MMTZs can therefore inhibit all MBL classes by maintaining conserved binding modes through different routes.
Visual Utility Evaluation of Differentially Private Scatterplots (2022)

Differentially private scatterplots enable the plotting of two attributes while guaranteeing a specified level of privacy. What a user sees from the scatterplot can be affected by which privacy algorithm is used and how it adds noise to the data. However, there is no existing work that quantifies this effect. We present the results of a pilot data study that compares the visual utility of algorithms that create differentially private scatterplots. We compare five popular algorithms across a range of parameters. The results indicate that DAWA and Geometric Truncated are the best algorithms for visual utility. Future research could focus on optimizing the different parameters to maximize utility of the visual representations.
Fabrication of Polymer-based Flexible Tactile Sensing Module with Metal Strain Gauges and Interconnecter (2006)

We present fabrication of flexible tactile sensing module with NiCr strain gauge as sensing element and interconnecter for signal treatment by polymer MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) technologies using polyimide materials. The tactile sensor array is composed of 16 times 16 sensing elements with 2 mm times 2 mm cell size and its overall size is 4 cm times 5 cm. Both the tactile sensor array and interconnecter are placed in the sensing module during the fabrication process. The fabricated tactile sensing module is measured continuously in the normal force range of 0~1 N with tactile sensor evaluation system. The variation of resistance is relatively increased linearly in the range of 0~0.6 N and saturated after 0.6 N. The variation rate of resistance is approximately 3%/N in the linear range. In addition, the flexibility of the sensing module is adequate to be placed on any curved surface like cylinder because the matrix consists of polymer and metal thin film.
Bax ablation protects against hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in transgenic mice (2007)

Apoptosis appears to be a central mechanism of cell death following reperfusion of the ischemic liver. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of decreased expression of the proapoptotic Bax gene on hepatic apoptotic warm ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Three groups of mice were studied: homozygotic knockout mice (Bax-/-); heterozygotic (Bax+/-); and wild type (Bax+/+). Isolated mouse livers were subjected to 90 minutes of ischemia (37 degrees C) followed by 15 minutes of reperfusion. Bax and Bcl-2 expression in liver tissue homogenates was measured by Western blot. Serum liver enzyme levels were measured and intrahepatic caspase-3 activity was determined by fluorimetric assay. Oil red O (ORO) staining was performed for fat detection. Apoptotic cells were identified by morphological criteria, immunohistochemistry for caspase-3, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated 2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay. At 1 minute of reperfusion, the ischemic (Bax-/-) livers were characterized by statistically significantly lower liver enzyme levels and lower caspase-3 activity than the ischemic (Bax+/+) livers (P<0.05 for both). The reduction in postischemic apoptotic hepatic injury in the ischemic Bax-/- livers group was confirmed morphologically, by the significantly reduced microvesicular steatosis as determined by ORO staining, fewer apoptotic hepatocyte cells detected (P<0.05); immunohistochemically, by the significantly weaker activation of caspase-3 compared to the ischemic group (P<0.05); and by TUNEL assay (P<0.05). Similar levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein expression were detected in all 3 groups of ischemic livers on Western blots. Bax protein was not expressed in Bax-deficient livers and was detected in Bax+/+ normal livers. In the Bax+/- livers, levels of the damage markers were moderate. In conclusion, The better tolerance of Bax knockout livers to I/R injury suggests that the Bax gene may serve as a potential target for therapeutic intervention in hepatic I/R injury.
Kappa opioid receptor antagonists: A possible new class of therapeutics for migraine prevention (2017)

Background Stress is the most commonly reported migraine trigger. Dynorphin, an endogenous opioid peptide acting preferentially at kappa opioid receptors (KORs), is a key mediator of stress responses. The aim of this study was to use an injury-free rat model of functional cephalic pain with features of migraine and medication overuse headache (MOH) to test the possible preventive benefit of KOR blockade on stress-induced cephalic pain. Methods Following sumatriptan priming to model MOH, rats were hyper-responsive to environmental stress, demonstrating delayed cephalic and extracephalic allodynia and increased levels of CGRP in the jugular blood, consistent with commonly observed clinical outcomes during migraine. Nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), a long-acting KOR antagonist or CYM51317, a novel short-acting KOR antagonist, were given systemically either during sumatriptan priming or immediately before environmental stress challenge. The effects of KOR blockade in the amygdala on stress-induced allodynia was determined by administration of nor-BNI into the right or left central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Results KOR blockade prevented both stress-induced allodynia and increased plasma CGRP. Stress increased dynorphin content and phosphorylated KOR in both the left and right CeA in sumatriptan-primed rats. However, KOR blockade only in the right CeA prevented stress-induced cephalic allodynia as well as extracephalic allodynia, measured in either the right or left hindpaws. U69,593, a KOR agonist, given into the right, but not the left, CeA, produced allodynia selectively in sumatriptan-primed rats. Both stress and U69,593-induced allodynia were prevented by right CeA U0126, a mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, presumably acting downstream of KOR. Conclusions Our data reveal a novel lateralized KOR circuit that mediated stress-induced cutaneous allodynia and increased plasma CGRP in an injury-free model of functional cephalic pain with features of migraine and medication overuse headache. Selective, small molecule, orally available, and reversible KOR antagonists are currently in development and may represent a novel class of preventive therapeutics for migraine.
Color Display Technology: From Pixels to Perception (2005)

Over the past twenty-five years a diversity of color display technologies has evolved to support a wide range of applications including television receivers, computer monitors, cell phones, PDAs, automobile dashboards, aircraft instruments, and even in-car and in-flight entertainment systems. In all product categories consumer's expectations for color display performance have grown at a rapid pace, driving the accelerated development of core display technologies along with supporting color control algorithms and image processing methodology. In this keynote address I review the latest advances in color displays in major application markets and focus on those developments which result in enhanced functional color performance and improved image quality.
Evolutionary Computation and Explainable AI Towards ECXAI 2023: A Year in Review (2023)

At GECCO 2022, we organized the first Workshop on Evolutionary Computation and Explainable AI (ECXAI). With no pretence at completeness, this paper briefly comments on its outcome, what has happened recently in the field, and our expectations for the near future and, in particular, for the upcoming second edition of EXCAI, at GECCO 2023.
Detail operating characteristics of Bi-directional LLC resonant converter (2012)

In renewable energy systems such as the PV system, the batteries are connected to ensure a stable supply of energy. Therefore, the bi-directional power conditioners have a key role in renewable power systems. In this paper, bi-directional LLC resonant converter as the power conditioner is proposed. The ac analysis and operating characteristics of bi-directional LLC resonant converter are investigated.
Immunoblockade by a specific tachykinin antiserum of the non‐cholinergic contractile responses in the guinea‐pig isolated bronchus (1990)

1. In the guinea-pig isolated bronchus, capsaicin produced a concentration-dependent contraction which was tetrodotoxin- (1 microM) resistant but abolished by previous exposure to capsaicin. 2. Previous incubation with E7 antiserum (which crossreacts with neurokinin A but not with substance P), but not with control rabbit serum, strongly inhibited the contractile response to capsaicin. 3. The E7 antiserum shifted to the right the concentration-response curve to exogenous neurokinin A but not that to substance P. 4. The E7 antiserum also inhibited the non-cholinergic, slowly developing contraction produced by electrical field stimulation (1-5 Hz). 5. These findings provide additional evidence that tachykinin-like peptides play a major role in the bronchoconstrictor response produced by transmitter secretion from peripheral endings of capsaicin-sensitive afferents in guinea-pig bronchi evoked either by capsaicin or by electrical field stimulation.
Diameter-Selective Removal of SWNTs by Light-Assisted Oxidation (2004)

We have reported that light irradiation can enhance the oxidation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with hydrogen peroxide. Our experiment results showed that when the SWNTs were treated with hydrogen peroxide and irradiated by light of 488-nm or 514-nm wavelength, those with diameters of about 1.2 and 1.33 nm could be selectively removed [1]. In this report, several different wavelengths of light were used to further study the effect of light on oxidation of SWNTs. UV-vis-NIR absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra and Raman spectra have confirmed that SWNTs of certain diameter could be selectively removed by carefully selecting a light wavelength corresponding to the gap energy of the SWNTs. This discovery should contribute to the separation or extraction of SWNTs with certain structure.
Quantum Simulation of Helium Hydride Cation in a Solid-State Spin Register (2015)

Ab initio computation of molecular properties is one of the most promising applications of quantum computing. While this problem is widely believed to be intractable for classical computers, efficient quantum algorithms exist which have the potential to vastly accelerate research throughput in fields ranging from material science to drug discovery. Using a solid-state quantum register realized in a nitrogen-vacancy (NV) defect in diamond, we compute the bond dissociation curve of the minimal basis helium hydride cation, HeH(+). Moreover, we report an energy uncertainty (given our model basis) of the order of 10(-14) hartree, which is 10 orders of magnitude below the desired chemical precision. As NV centers in diamond provide a robust and straightforward platform for quantum information processing, our work provides an important step toward a fully scalable solid-state implementation of a quantum chemistry simulator.