gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
10-GHz 32-pixel 2-D photodetector array for advanced optical fiber communications (2017)

We studied a 10-GHz 32-pixel two-dimensional photodetector array for advanced optical fiber communications and LIDAR applications. Electromagnetic field simulation revealed the RF crosstalk problem between pixels. A fabricated high-speed photodetector array will be discussed.
Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of a High-Affinity Trivalent System Derived from Vancomycin and l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala (2000)

A trivalent derivative of vancomycin, tris(vancomycin carboxamide), [C6H3-1,3,5-(CONHC6H4-4-CH2NHCOV)3 (RtV3; V = vancomycin)], binds an analogous trivalent derivative of d-Ala-d-Ala, R‘tL‘3, (C6H3-1,3,5-[CONεH(Nα-Ac)-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala]3) in water with a dissociation constant that is approximately 4 × 10-17 M, as estimated by HPLC using a competitive assay against Nα,ε-diacetyl-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala (L). This binding is one of the tightest known for low molecular weight organic species. The dissociation of RtV3·R‘tL‘3 in the presence of an excess of L could be followed by HPLC. The kinetics of dissociation are quite different from those of monovalent tight-binding systems such as avidin and biotin. In particular, the rate of dissociation of the aggregate RtV3·R‘tL‘3 is rapid in the presence of monovalent L at concentrations greater than the value of the dissociation constant for the complex of L with V; by contrast, the rate of dissociation of biotin·avidin is independent of the concentration of biotin. Two mechanisms by which the dissociation may occur are postulated and discussed. Calorimetric measurements for the trivalent system indicate that the enthalpy of association is ∼−40 kcal/mol, about three times that of V + L, and thus the entropy of association is ∼−18 kcal/mol, approximately 4.5 times that of V + L.
[Patient information: advancements in jurisprudence. The example of silicone]. (1998)

Medical procedures are performed in the context of a contract between the physician and the patient. Failure to comply with this contract may engage the physician's responsibility. For a long time, the physician's responsibility was engaged because of technical errors or, more rarely, lack of information or consent, which had to be proved by the patient. In the case of litigation, a recent decision by the Court of Appeal (25 February 1997) requires physicians to demonstrate that they have effectively and validly informed the patient. This article studies the content of this information. It suggests a method which, set up under the authority of scientific societies, would allow, in our discipline, the proposal of information forms designed to inform our patients and to preserve our responsibility. Finally, this approach is illustrated by the study of tolerability of materials containing silicone.
Statistical Properties of Phase-Decorrelation in Phase-Resolved Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography (2009)

Decorrelation noise limits the ability of phase-resolved Doppler optical coherence tomography systems to detect smaller vessels exhibiting slower flow velocities, which limits the utility of the technique in many clinical and biological settings. An understanding of the statistical properties of decorrelation noise can aid in the optimal design of these systems and guide the development of noise mitigating strategies. In this work, the statistical properties of decorrelation noise are derived from the underlying statistics of the coherent imaging system and validated through comparison with empirical results and Monte Carlo modeling. Expressions for the noise distribution and the noise variance as a function of relevant imaging system parameters are given, and the implications of these results on both system and algorithm design are discussed.
Monitoring of 3H Surface Contamination by Noncontact Radioluminography (2000)

A phosphor screen imaging technique has been developed to detect 3H contamination on floor surfaces. A 3H imaging plate is elevated a maximum of 0.1 cm above the surface being monitored. This technique prevents the imaging plate from being cross-contaminated. Unlike the traditional smear test, this technique can be used to monitor fixed contamination.
Preoperative personalization of atrial fibrillation ablation strategy to prevent esophageal injury: Impact of changes in esophageal position (2022)

The personalization of ablation lines based on a preoperative CT reduced ablation to the AAR despite changes in esophageal position.
Lithium Insertion or Extraction from/into Tavorite-Type LiVPO4F: An In Situ X-ray Diffraction Study (2012)

The Tavorite-type composition LiVPO4F undergoes a complex series of phase transformations upon Li+ electrochemical extraction or insertion at ∼4.25 V (V4+/V3+ redox couple) and 1.8 V vs. Li (V3+/V2+ redox couple), respectively. In all the reactions involved, followed by in-house in situ X-Ray diffraction, two-phase topotactic mechanisms are systematically encountered, without noticeable modification of the [VPO4F] framework besides significant unit-cell contractions/expansions and overall shifts in symmetry from triclinic P-1 to monoclinic C2/c. Two electrochemical oxidation reactions occur at 4.24 V and 4.28 V vs. Li due to the formation of the intermediate phase Li0.67VPO4F, isolated for the first time. Noticeably, this peculiar composition is not encountered upon reduction from VPO4F to LiVPO4F.
Coronary balloon angioplasty (1994)

Part 1: Technology 1. Evolution of balloon angioplasty technology 2. Guide catheters 3. Guidewires 4. Perfusion balloons 5. Heated balloon 6. Balloon drug delivery 7. Novel balloon designs 8. Support systems 9. Drug adjuncts 10. Temporary stents 11. Vascular plugs 12. Balloon engineering and materials 13. Device/vessel interactions. Part 2: Techniques 14. Evolution of the general techniques 15. Managing complex lesions 16. Complications: How to predict them and how to handle them 17. Impact of new imaging technologies 18. Future ideas.
Elektrochemische Verfahren – Neuentwicklungen und Tendenzen (2005)

Abstract Elektrochemische Verfahren sind für viele Großprodukte unverzichtbar, wie z. B. für Chlor und Natronlauge sowie für Aluminium und etliche andere Metalle. Die erfolgreiche Optimierung dieser Verfahren hat große wirtschaftliche Bedeutung, insbesondere unter dem Gesichtspunkt des Energieverbrauchs. Darüber hinaus soll gezeigt werden, dass elektrochemische Verfahren an einer Fülle von Innovationen beteiligt sind. Gasdiffusionselektroden kommen erstmals in industriellen Elektrolysen zum Einsatz und führen zu erheblichen Energieeinsparungen. Industriell erfolgreich sind auch neue Verfahren der organischen Elektrochemie, die einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Green Chemistry leisten. Neue Elektrodenmaterialien eröffnen interessante Anwendungsmöglichkeiten. In einer zukünftigen nachhaltigen Energieversorgung wird die Elektrochemie eine wesentliche Rolle spielen.
Vaccination with poly(IC:LC) and peptide-pulsed autologous dendritic cells in patients with pancreatic cancer (2017)

NCT01410968 ; Name of registry: clinicaltrials.gov; Date of registration: 08/04/2011).
The rearrangement of isothiochroman sulphonium ylides via a thermal ylide exchange reaction (1977)

The copper-bronze-catalysed decomposition of ethyl diazoacetate in isothiochroman (1) yields mainly ethyl isothiochroman-1-ylacetate (2). The formation of the ester (2) is rationalized in terms of a thermal ylide exchange reaction of the unstable sulphonium ylide initially formed, prior to a Stevens-type rearrangement. Thermal decomposition of the stable bis(ethoxycarbonyl)(isothiochroman-2-io)methanide (6) yields diethyl isothiochroman-1-ylmalonate (8), in support of the above mechanism.
Combination Mitigators, GS-Nitroxide JP4-039 and water Soluble Oxetanyl Sulfoxide MMS350 Improve Survival of Lethally Irradiated Mice (2014)

Abstract New small molecule radiation mitigator drugs are needed to administer 24 hr or later after a mass casualty radiation event. We have developed two small molecule mitigators with applicability as clinical radiation protectors. The mitochondrial targeted GS-nitroxide, JP4-039, acts as a superoxide dismutase mimic. A novel oxetanyl sulfoxide, MMS350, acts as a hydroxyl radical scavenger and mitigates both acute total body irradiation damage and prevents late radiation pulmonary fibrosis (Kalash, Epperly, Cao et. al., Radiation Research 180:474-490, 2013). We tested the effect of both compounds together in the C57BL/6NTac mouse TBI irradiation model. Each drug was a radiation protector and mitigator with murine hematopoietic progenitor cell line 32D cl3 in vitro. JP4-039 (10 μM) or MMS350 (100 μM) were incubated with the cells one hour before irradiation or added 30 min following irradiation. The irradiated cells were plated in methylcellulose, incubated for 7 days at 37oC, and colonies of greater than 50 cells counted. The data was analyzed using linear quadratic or single hit, multi-target models. In vivo total body irradiated C57BL/6NTac mice received 9.25 Gy and were injected intravenously 24 hr later with JP4-039 (20 mg/kg) in F14 emulsion, MMS350 (20 mg/kg) or both JP4-039 (20 mg/kg) + MMS350 (20 mg/kg). Mice were followed for development of the hematopoietic syndrome (irradiation induced bone marrow failure). In vitro radiation survival curves demonstrated that both JP4-039 and MMS350 protected and mitigated 32D cl 3 cells by increasing the shoulder on the clonagenic survival curves. The shoulder on survival curve for 32D cl 3 cells was 2.0 ± 0.3 compared to 3.8 ± 0.5 when JP4-039 was administered pre irradiation (p = 0.0092), 5.4 ± 0.5 when JP4-039 was administered post irradiation (p = 0.0002), 3.5 ± 0.3 for cells incubated with MMS350 pre irradiation (p = 0.0104) or 5.3 ± 1.5 when MMS350 is administered post irradiation (p = 0.0096). Mice treated with JP4-039 had increased survival at 60 days following 9.25 Gy from 20% to 65% (p = 0.0092). Mice treated with MMS350 showed an increased survival of 55% (p = 0.0097). The combination of JP4-039 and MMS350 was additive and increased survival to 95% (p &lt; 0.0001). The combination of JP4-039 and MMS350 increased mitigation of irradiation damage better than one drug alone. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Effector‐dependent activation and oligomerization of plant NRC class helper NLRs by sensor NLR immune receptors Rpi‐amr3 and Rpi‐amr1 (2023)

Plant pathogens compromise crop yields. Plants have evolved robust innate immunity that depends in part on intracellular Nucleotide-binding, Leucine rich-Repeat (NLR) immune receptors that activate defense responses upon detection of pathogen-derived effectors. Most "sensor" NLRs that detect effectors require the activity of "helper" NLRs, but how helper NLRs support sensor NLR function is poorly understood. Many Solanaceae NLRs require NRC (NLR-Required for Cell death) class of helper NLRs. We show here that Rpi-amr3, a sensor NLR from Solanum americanum, detects AVRamr3 from the potato late blight pathogen, Phytophthora infestans, and activates oligomerization of helper NLRs NRC2 and NRC4 into high-molecular-weight resistosomes. In contrast, recognition of P. infestans effector AVRamr1 by another sensor NLR Rpi-amr1 induces formation of only the NRC2 resistosome. The activated NRC2 oligomer becomes enriched in membrane fractions. ATP-binding motifs of both Rpi-amr3 and NRC2 are required for NRC2 resistosome formation, but not for the interaction of Rpi-amr3 with its cognate effector. NRC2 resistosome can be activated by Rpi-amr3 upon detection of AVRamr3 homologs from other Phytophthora species. Mechanistic understanding of NRC resistosome formation will underpin engineering crops with durable disease resistance.
Transport Network Design for FrontHaul (2017)

The evolution of LTE and advent of 5G networks increases further the bandwidth requirements for RAN. In parallel, the deployment of Centralized RAN architecture raises new challenges on the FrontHaul network. The inflexibility of the legacy CPRI is the primary challenge to Virtualized RAN deployments, and there is currently a strong trend towards the use of packetized transport methods, together with flexible split RAN based architectures. Functional splits within the real-time functions of the RAN have very stringent requirements on latency and jitter. This paper analyzes the jitter produced in the switching nodes of the FrontHaul network, and proposes dimensioning rules.
USING AGGREGATION METHODS TO ASSESS TOXICANT EFFECTS ON POPULATION DYNAMICS IN SPATIAL SYSTEMS (2002)

Risk assessment in ecotoxicology currently requires extrapolating laboratory results (e.g., bioassays) to populations living in fragmented heterogeneous environments. To date, metapopulation modeling has been able to contribute little to pollutant management for environment preservation and conservation biology. This situation results from the more general issue of the spatial dimension of ecological systems. We have used aggregation methods to build an ecotoxicological population model for a river network. Our model described a brown trout population exposed to chronic cadmium pollution. Age structure, spatial distribution, and demographic and migration processes were taken into account to estimate population response to different scenarios of pollutant discharge. For this purpose a multi-region Leslie matrix model was coupled with dose–response curves. Endpoints were features of population dynamics: the asymptotic population growth rate, the stable age structure, and the reproductive values. Thus, different pollution scenarios were compared in terms of subsequent reduction in the population growth rate or in terms of stable age-structure changes.
Piezoelectric nonlinear nanomechanical temperature and acceleration insensitive clocks (2012)

This work presents the development of high frequency mechanical oscillators based on non-linear laterally vibrating aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric resonators. Our efforts are focused on harnessing non-linear dynamics in resonant mechanical devices to devise frequency sources operating around 1 GHz and capable of outperforming state-of-the-art oscillators in terms of phase noise and size. To this extent, we have identified the thermal and mechanical origin of non-linearities in micro and nanomechanical AlN resonators and developed a theory that describes the optimal operating point for non-linear oscillators. Based on these considerations, we have devised 1 GHz oscillators that exhibit phase noise of &lt; -90 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset and &lt; -160 dBc/Hz at 10 MHz offset. In order to attain thermally stable oscillators showing few ppm shifts from - 40 to + 85 °C, we have implemented an embedded ovenization technique that consumes only few mW of power. By means of simple microfabrication techniques, we have included a serpentine heater in the body of the resonator and exploited it to heat it and monitor its temperature without degrading its electromechanical performance. The ovenized devices have resulted in high frequency stability with just few ppm of shift over the temperature range of interest. Finally, few of these oscillators were tested according to military standards for acceleration sensitivity and exhibited a frequency sensitivity lower than 30 ppb/G. These ultra stable oscillators with low jitter and phase noise will ultimately benefit military as well as commercial communication systems.
Analysis of variability in speech with applications to speech and speaker recognition (2002)

The speech signal has variability due to language, speakers, and communication channels. In this work, variability due to language is referred to as variability due to different phones in the language. It is also referred to as (inter-phone or) phone variability. Variability due to speakers is referred to as speaker variability, and variability due to different communication channels is referred as channel variability. The remaining variability in the signal is referred to as residual variability. 
The total variability in speech is decomposed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). Here variability in speech refers to variability in the set of features extracted from speech signal, and variability refers to covariance of features due to different phones, different speakers, and different channels. In this work, MANOVA is performed using three databases—HTIMIT, OGI Stories and OGI Numbers. Variability in the commonly used features is measured in spectral and temporal domains. The results are shown to be consistent across different databases and datasets. The results are also shown to be consistent with the previous studies. 
The results of MANOVA are applied in two ways. First, we show that contribution of the variabilities in features is related to their performance on speech and speaker recognition tasks. Second, we show that results of MANOVA can be used for deriving discriminant features for a given task. 
Relationship between results of MANOVA and speech and speaker recognition results is illustrated using several examples. We show that the change in the contribution of phone variability is related to change in the performance of the features on speech recognition task. 
Using MANOVA, we had observed that the variability due to phones spreads for approximately 250 ms around the current frame. We include this variability in the design of features using Linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The results show that features from joint analysis perform worse than combined analysis because joint analysis over-fits the training data and does not generalize on the test data. Specifically, we show that combination of spectral and temporal discriminants yields to the best joint time-frequency discriminants. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Multiple classes of heparan sulfate proteoglycans from fibroblast substratum adhesion sites. Affinity fractionation on columns of platelet factor 4, plasma fibronectin, and octyl-sepharose. (1984)

Both newly formed and long-term culture-generated substratum adhesion sites, generated by EGTA-mediated detachment of Balb/c SVT2 cells, were extracted with an eta-octyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside buffer containing salt and several protease inhibitors under conditions which result in maximal solubilization of the sulfate-radiolabeled proteoglycans. Because of the functional importance of heparan sulfate proteoglycans in the fibronectin-dependent cell-substratum adhesion processes of these cells, these proteoglycans were fractionated on affinity columns of octyl-Sepharose or of the heparan sulfate-binding proteins platelet factor 4 or plasma fibronectin. These affinity matrices resolved a number of both binding and nonbinding classes of heparan sulfate proteoglycan from both types of adhesion sites. In particular, the platelet factor 4 column could resolve several proteoglycans with differing binding affinities. Approximately twice as much heparan sulfate proteoglycan from newly formed sites bound to all three matrices as proteoglycan from longterm sites. The proteoglycan which bound to one matrix was then tested for binding to a second matrix; this approach resolved a number of biochemically distinct species. For example, one-half of the fibronectin-Sepharose-binding fraction from the long-term sites could also bind to platelet factor 4-Sepharose; however, over 90% of the fibronectin-binding fraction from newly formed sites could bind to platelet factor 4. A major portion of the octyl-Sepharose-binding fractions of the original extracts could bind to fibronectin-Sepharose. These studies indicate that some of these proteoglycans have overlapping affinities for fibronectin, platelet factor 4, and octyl-Sepharose and that a portion of the heparan sulfate proteoglycan from these adhesion sites cannot bind to any of these affinity matrices. These results are discussed with regard to the functional significance of these various heparan sulfate proteoglycans in mediating adhesion to extracellular matrices containing fibronectin or platelet factor 4.
The Rise and Fall of Antithrombin Supplementation in Cardiac Surgery (2022)

Various cohort studies, both retrospective and prospective, showed that low antithrombin levels after cardiac surgery (at the arrival in the intensive care unit and during the next days) were associated with a number of adverse outcomes, including surgical reexploration and thromboembolic events, eventually leading to prolonged stay in the intensive care. Values lower than 58% to 64% of antithrombin activity were indicative of this higher morbidity with good sensitivity and specificity. The scenario generated the hypothesis that low antithrombin levels needed to be corrected by supplementation to improve postoperative outcome. However, randomized controlled studies run to test this idea failed to demonstrate any benefit of antithrombin supplementation, showing no effects on outcome, neither as preemptive preoperative strategy nor for treating postoperative low antithrombin values. In addition, randomized trials highlighted that those patients who received antithrombin experienced significantly higher incidence of acute kidney injury with a pooled odds ratio of 4.41 (95% CI, 1.90-10.23; P = .001). A strongly decreased thrombin activity after antithrombin correction may eventually affect the efficiency of the glomerular filtration and cause the deterioration of kidney function, but underlying biological mechanisms remain unclear. In conclusion, low levels of antithrombin activity after cardiac surgery should be considered as a marker of greater severity of the patient's conditions and/or of the complexity of the surgical procedure. There are no indications for antithrombin supplementation in cardiac surgery unless for correcting heparin resistance.
Preclinical immunogenicity testing using anti-drug antibody analysis of GX-G3, Fc-fused recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, in rat and monkey models (2021)

Human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF, this study used Fc-fused recombinant G-CSF; GX-G3) is an important glycoprotein that stimulates the proliferation of granulocytes and white blood cells. Thus, G-CSF treatment has been considered as a crucial regimen to accelerate recovery from chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in cancer patients suffering from non-myeloid malignancy or acute myeloid leukemia. Despite the therapeutic advantages of G-CSF treatment, an assessment of its immunogenicity must be performed to determine whether the production of anti-G-CSF antibodies causes immune-related disorders. We optimized and validated analytical tools by adopting validation parameters for immunogenicity assessment. Using these validated tools, we analyzed serum samples from rats and monkeys injected subcutaneously with GX-G3 (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg once a week for 4 weeks followed by a 4-week recovery period) to determine immunogenicity response and toxicokinetic parameters with serum concentration of GX-G3. Several rats and monkeys were determined to be positive for anti-GX-G3 antibodies. Moreover, the immunogenicity response of GX-G3 was lower in monkeys than in rats, which was relevant to show less inhibition of toxicokinetic profiles in monkeys, at least 1 mg/kg administrated group, compared to rats. These results suggested the establishment and validation for analyzing anti-GX-G3 antibodies and measurement of serum levels of GX-G3 and anti-GX-G3 antibodies, which was related with toxicokinetic profiles. Taken together, this study provides immunogenicity assessment which is closely implicated with toxicokinetic study of GX-G3 in 4-week repeated administrated toxicological studies.