gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug stability analyzer for long duration spaceflights (2014)

Crewmembers of current and future long duration spaceflights require drugs to overcome the deleterious effects of weightlessness, sickness and injuries. Unfortunately, recent studies have shown that some of the drugs currently used may degrade more rapidly in space, losing their potency well before their expiration dates. To complicate matters, the degradation products of some drugs can be toxic. Consequently there is a need for an analyzer that can determine if a drug is safe at the time of use, as well as to monitor and understand space-induced degradation, so that drug types, formulations, and packaging can be improved. Towards this goal we have been investigating the ability of Raman spectroscopy to monitor and quantify drug degradation. Here we present preliminary data by measuring acetaminophen, and its degradation product, p-aminophenol, as pure samples, and during forced degradation reactions.
Head-to-Head Comparison of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 in Dynamic PET/CT Evaluation of the Same Group of Recurrent Prostate Cancer Patients (2021)

Abstract Purpose: This study was prospectively designed to evaluate the early dynamic organ distribution and tumor detection ability of [ 68 Ga]Ga-P16-093, which was compared with [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 in the same group of recurrent prostate cancer patients. Methods: Twenty patients with recurrent prostate cancer were enrolled. In two consecutive days, each patient underwent a 60-min dynamic PET/CT scan after intravenous administration of 148–185 MBq (4–5 mCi) [ 68 Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, respectively. Following a low-dose CT scan, serial dynamic PET scans were performed from head to proximate thigh at 9 time points (30 sec/bed at 4, 7, 10, 13 and 16 min, 1 min/bed at 20, 30 and 45 min, and 2 min/bed at 60 min). Standardized uptake values were measured for semi-quantitative comparison. Results: [ 68 Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT revealed a significantly higher tumor uptake at 4 min (SUVmax 7.88 ± 5.26 vs . 6.01 ± 3.88, P &lt; 0.001), less blood pool retention at 4 min (SUVmean 5.12 ± 1.16 vs . 6.14 ± 0.98, P &lt; 0.001) and lower bladder accumulation at 60 min (SUVmean 31.33 ± 27.47 vs . 48.74 ± 34.01, P = 0.042) than [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 scan. Significantly higher [ 68 Ga]Ga-P16-093 uptakes were also observed in the parotid gland, liver, spleen and kidney. Besides, [ 68 Ga]Ga-P16-093 exhibited a better detection ability than [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 (366 vs . 321, P = 0.009). Conclusions: [ 68 Ga]Ga-P16-093 showed advantages over [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 with higher tumor uptakes, tumor-to-blood pool ratio and detection ability, less blood pool and bladder accumulation in recurrent prostate cancer patients. Trial registration [ 68 Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [ 68 Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 PET/CT Imaging in the Same Group of Prostate Cancer Patients (NCT04796467, Registered 12 March 2021, retrospectively registered) URL of registry https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04796467
Car Sensing Method Using Amorphous Wire CMOS MI Sensor built into a Disk Installed on a Road. (2000)

We propose a new car sensing system using an amorphous wire CMOS magneto-impedance (MI) sensor and a microcomputer buill into a disk installed on the road. When a car passes above the disk, the MI sensor detects stray fields from the car body. The speed and length of a car can be estimated using the signals from two MI sensors. The estimated value of car length, L’, is about 20% longer than the catalog value, L. Remote sensing of car traffic was carried out using an optical fiber transmission system. The proposed sensing system is useful not only for a traffic control but also for a traffic census.
Outcomes of child psychiatric treatment (2012)

Whereas the functional impairment and the level of improvement in mood disorder corresponded to previous efficacy studies, the ADHD patients were more impaired and improved less after treatment. This should prompt a critical discussion as to whether ADHD patients receive the best available treatment in CAMHS in Stockholm and elsewhere.
On-Demand Continuous Manufacturing of Ciprofloxacin in Portable Plug-and-Play Factories: Development of a Highly Efficient Synthesis for Ciprofloxacin (2021)

The experimental approach taken and challenges overcome in developing a high-purity production (>100 g) scale process for the telescoped synthesis of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin is outlined. The process was first optimized for each step sequentially with regard to purity and yield, with necessary process changes identified and implemented before scaling for longer runs. These changes included implementing a continuous liquid–liquid extraction (CLLE) step and eliminating and replacing the base 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) initially used in the ring-closure step due to DBU plausibly forming a decomposition side product that negatively impacted the final product purity. Process conditions were scaled 1.5–2-fold in order to enable the ultimate project goal of producing enough crude ciprofloxacin within 24 h to manufacture 1000 250 mg tablets. Working toward this goal, several production-scale runs were carried out to assess the reproducibility and robustness of the finalized process conditions, with the first three steps being run continuously up to 22 h and the last two steps being run continuously up to 10 h. The end result is a process with a throughput of ∼29 g/h (∼700 g/24 h) with a crude product stream profile of 94 ± 2% and 34 ± 3 mg/mL after five chemical transformations across four reactors and one continuous CLLE unit operation with each intermediate step maintaining a purity >95% by HPLC.
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasensitive Chemical Analysis by Raman Spectroscopy (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Active Control of Machine Tool Chatter for a Boring Bar: Experimental Results (1993)

Abstract A typical boring bar is a metal cutting tool with large overhang ratio, due to which it is characterized by low dynamic stiffness. Therefore, during cutting process, it is susceptible to cutting instability, known as machine tool chatter. In this paper, the use of an active dynamic absorber to actively control machine tool chatter in a boring bar is studied. An active dynamic absorber is designed such that it can be easily assembled with a commercially available steel boring bar. A piezoelectric pusher is used as the actuator for the active dynamic absorber. The dynamic equations of the boring bar with active dynamic absorber are calculated from experimentally obtained frequency response functions of the system. Optimal control theory is applied to the dynamic equations to calculate state variable feedback parameters. The state variable feedback is implemented using a Digital Signal Processing (DSP) chip. Cutting tests were performed with this setup for different cutting conditions, and for different overhangs of the boring bar. Stable cutting operations were performed using the boring bar with active dynamic absorber, for length to diameter (L/D) ratio upto 9.
Association d'un récepteur d'acide et d'un récepteur d'amine en vue de catalyser la réaction d'amidification (2001)

Ce travail decrit l'etude de la catalyse de la reaction d'amidification de la benzylamine avec l'acide benzoique a l'aide d'un catalyseur supramoleculaire de structure heterocyclique. Nous avons montre que le catalyseur accelere la reaction d'amidification d'un coefficient de 5,5 par un effet de reconnaissance moleculaire. Une etude RMN approfondie (NOESY, ROESY) nous a permis de conclure que l'acide et l'amine etaient a proximite du catalyseur. Ces informations tendent a prouver que la reconnaissance moleculaire par le catalyseur est responsable de la reaction d'amidification. Tout en conservant le concept de reconnaissance de l'etat intermediaire de la reaction d'amidification, nous avons cherche a ameliorer le recepteur dit rigide en utilisant differentes voies qui sont restees sans succes. Nous nous sommes alors tournes vers un autre concept visant a etudier de facon separee le recepteur de fonction acide et le recepteur de fonction amine, dans le but de les rassembler pour en faire un catalyseur de la reaction d'amidification. Cette approche a l'avantage de simplifier la synthese du catalyseur, d'optimiser independamment chacun des recepteurs, et le bras espaceur. Un recepteur d'acide, comportant deux points d'ancrage fournis par une fonction lactame et assiste par un troisieme point d'ancrage dit mobile a ete synthetise. L'assistance du troisieme point d'ancrage a ete demontree par des mesures de constantes d'association en comparant le meme recepteur ne disposant que les deux points d'ancrage de la fonction lactame. Des recepteurs de fonction amine ont ete synthetises facilement et ont donne de bons resultats dans les mesures de constantes d'association avec la benzylamine.
Multi-System Integration Scheme for Intelligence Transportation System Applications (2015)

With more and more devices being introduced into vehicles to provide additional driving functionality, driving experience is seemingly getting more complex and frustrated due to an influx of individual messages. To help manage the information, individuals need a mechanism to orchestrate the operations of the in-vehicle devices so that such frustration can be eased. In this study, the authors propose an in-vehicle communication scheme for multi-system integration, where an effective system service discovery protocol is used. This proposed design also contains mutual communication methods and the data exchange methodologies for system integration. Experimental results with performance evaluation demonstrate the success of the proposed design.
Neuroprotection in rabbit retina with N-acetyl-aspartylglutamate and 2-phosphonyl-methyl pentanedioic acid (1999)

Retinal tissue is subject to ischemia from diabetic retinopathy and other conditions that affect the retinal vasculature such as lupus erythematosus and temporal arteritis. There is evidence in animal models of reversible ischemia that a therapeutic window exists during early recovery when agents that reduce glutamate activity at its receptor sites can rescue neurons from injury. To model ischemia, we used sodium cyanide (NaCN), to inhibit oxidative metabolism, and 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) to inhibit glycolysis. Dissociated rabbit retina cells were studied to evaluate the potential neuroprotective effects of N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate (MAAG), which competes with glutamate as a low-potency agonist at the NMDA receptor complex. N-acetylated &#945;-linked acidic dipeptidase (NAALADase; the NAAG-hydrolyzing enzyme) is responsible for the hydrolysis of NAAG into glutamate, a neurotransmitter and potent excitotoxin, and N-acetylaspartate. 2-Phosphonyl-methyl pentanedioic acid (PMPA) and &#946;-linked NAAG (&#946;-NAAG), inhibitors of NAALADase, were also tested, since inhibition of NAALADase could reduce synaptic glutamate and increase the concentration of NAAG. We found that metabolic inhibition with NaCN/2-DG for 1 hour caused 50% toxicity as assessed with the MTT assay. Co-treatment with NAAG resulted in dose-dependent protection of up to 55% (p<0.005). When the non-hydrolyzable, NAALADase inhibitor &#946;-NAAG was employed dose-dependent protection of up to 37% was observed (p<0.001). PMPA also showed 48% protection (p<.05-.001) against these insults. These data suggest that NAAG may antagonize the effect of glutamate at the NMDA receptor complex in retina. Inhibition of NAALADase by PMPA and &#946;-NAAG may increase the activity of endogenous NAAG.
MMSE interference rejection followed by joint maximum likelihood detection for distributed antenna network (2017)

In this research minimum mean square error (MMSE) interference rejection is applied to a receiver in a distributed antenna networks (DAN). In the DAN, not only the desired signals, but also the interference signals may reach from nearby antennas. For the overloaded signal situation, non-linear detection schemes such as joint maximum likelihood detection can be applied to the received signals. However, the amount of metric calculations in the joint maximum likelihood detection (MLD) increases exponentially with the number of signal streams. Therefore, MMSE interference rejection followed by a MLD detection is proposed. The effect of residual interference after the MMSE interference rejection is evaluated. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the performance of the proposed scheme is about 2.5 dB worse at a bit error rate (BER) of 10~ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> as compared with that of the joint MLD while the complexity reduces by a factor of 4 for QPSK signal streams. The BER performance degradation can be suppressed to about 1.0 dB by adjusting the value of the coefficient in the MMSE matrix.
ChemInform Abstract: Titanium Chelation in Regioselective Michael Additions to Conjugated Dienones and Trienones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Des nanostructures d'or pour exalter ou inhiber la luminescence de boîtes quantiques (2006)

International audience
<title>Contrast enhancement for Rayleigh scatter radiography</title> (1995)

While Raleigh scatter radiography can result in image contrast far higher than conventional transmission methods for the detection of low-Z inclusions in light element matrices a means of separating the scattering from each of the individual components is desirable. This would then produce images of each material alone, if effect stripping away the scatter due to the other elements. This has been done by collecting image data at a series of scattering angles each corresponding to a maximum in the diffraction pattern of each constituent in the sample. The data at such angles is then due to the scatter from the material of interest plus a fraction of the scattering from each of the other components. This fraction is measurable from standard scatter patterns. By measuring at several angles a series of simultaneous equations can be obtained and solved to determine the scatter from each component alone. This technique is demonstrated using Rayleigh scatter image data from a typical industrial phantom. Both normal scatter images and individual component images are presented and the very large contrasts in the latter demonstrated. The statistical noise in the individual component images is greater than that for the total scatter images due to accumulating errors arising when solving the simultaneous equations. However the greatly increased contrast enables components to be distinguished more sensitively resulting in shorter run times.
Prion protein (PrP c ) positively regulates neural precursor proliferation during developmental and adult mammalian neurogenesis (2006)

The misfolding of the prion protein (PrP(c)) is a central event in prion diseases, yet the normal function of PrP(c) remains unknown. PrP(c) has putative roles in many cellular processes including signaling, survival, adhesion, and differentiation. Given the abundance of PrP(c) in the developing and mature mammalian CNS, we investigated the role of PrP(c) in neural development and in adult neurogenesis, which occurs constitutively in the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus and in the olfactory bulb from precursors in the subventricular zone (SVZ)/rostral migratory stream. In vivo, we find that PrP(c) is expressed immediately adjacent to the proliferative region of the SVZ but not in mitotic cells. In vivo and in vitro studies further find that PrP(c) is expressed in multipotent neural precursors and mature neurons but is not detectable in glia. Loss- and gain-of-function experiments demonstrate that PrP(c) levels correlate with differentiation of multipotent neural precursors into mature neurons in vitro and that PrP(c) levels positively influence neuronal differentiation in a dose-dependent manner. PrP(c) also increases cellular proliferation in vivo; in the SVZ, PrP(c) overexpresser (OE) mice have more proliferating cells compared with wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) mice; in the DG, PrP(c) OE and WT mice have more proliferating cells compared with KO mice. Our results demonstrate that PrP(c) plays an important role in neurogenesis and differentiation. Because the final number of neurons produced in the DG is unchanged by PrP(c) expression, other factors must control the ultimate fate of new neurons.
Genomic Methods for Improving Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Crops (2021)

A tremendous progress towards meeting food security, commonly known as “green revolution”, was gained in the twentieth century by utilizing conventional plant breeding methods. However, in the twenty-first century we collectively face numerous challenges including alleviating hunger, a nutritious diet for the poorer populations, quality food for all, and the sustainable management of natural resources such as land and water. Additionally, natural climatic changes leading to extreme weather patterns and human-influenced changes world over, which include the ever-growing population, have been blamed for adversely affecting the agricultural environment, causing an enormous strain on the food production chains. In particular, the crops that feed and sustain human health and development are being hampered by the increasing incidences of diverse environmental stresses (abiotic and biotic). This warrants urgent and speedy actions from the plant scientific community to devise rational strategies and minimize the impact of these stresses on crop yields. In this chapter, authors have provided an update on the approaches, especially the genomic methods that are useful to researchers to improve field crops under diverse abiotic environmental stresses.
Figure S4 from Folate Receptor Beta Designates Immunosuppressive Tumor-Associated Myeloid Cells That Can Be Reprogrammed with Folate-Targeted Drugs (2023)

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The Neurovascular Protection Afforded by Delayed Local Hypothermia after Transient Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion (2013)

Therapeutic hypothermia is a robust therapeutic tool in experimental stroke models but its clinical applications are limited. Furthermore, optimal conditions for therapeutic hypothermia, such as, temperature and the initiation and duration of cooling must be individualized. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of delayed local hypothermia, administered for 44 hr after 4 hr of reperfusion in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (tMCAo), using a cooling device that allowed controlled local hypothermia (31 °C) in brain. Histological data revealed that local hypothermia significantly reduced infarct volumes and glial hypertrophic activation. Brain water contents, IgG leakage, and Evans Blue extravasation were notably reduced by local hypothermia. Furthermore, local hypothermia had strong vasculoprotective effects, as determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot analyses for endothelial barrier antigen (EBA), laminin, aquaporin-4, and tight junction proteins in brain. Our data indicate that delayed/prolonged local hypothermia confers neurovascular protection, reduces brain edema, and inhibits inflammatory glial activation, and suggest that hypothermic conservation of vascular structures and functions account for the therapeutic effects of local hypothermia observed in this model of experimental stroke.
Cloning and Expression of a Chloride-dependent Na+-H+ Exchanger (2002)

Electroneutral Na(+)-H(+) exchange is present in virtually all cells, mediating the exchange of extracellular Na(+) for intracellular H(+) and, thus, plays an important role in the regulation of intracellular pH, cell volume, and transepithelial Na(+) absorption. Recent transport studies demonstrated the presence of a novel chloride-dependent Na(+)-H(+) exchange in the apical membrane of crypt cells of rat distal colon. We describe the cloning of a 2.5-kb full-length cDNA from rat distal colon that encodes 438 amino acids and has six putative transmembrane spanning domains. Of the 438 amino acids 375 amino acids at the N-terminal region are identical to Na(+)-H(+) exchange (NHE)-1 isoform with the remaining 63 amino acids comprising a completely novel C terminus. In situ hybridization revealed that this transcript is expressed in colonic crypt cells, whereas Northern blot analysis established the presence of its 2.5-kb mRNA in multiple tissues. Despite its much smaller size compared with all other known Na(+)-H(+) exchange isoforms, NHE-deficient PS120 fibroblasts stably transfected with this cDNA exhibited Na(+)-dependent intracellular pH recovery to an acid load that was chloride-dependent and inhibited both by 5-ethylisopropylamiloride, an amiloride analogue, and by 5'-nitro-2-(3-phenylproplyamino)benzoic acid, a Cl(-) channel blocker, but only minimally affected by 25 microm 3-methylsulfonyl-4piperidonbenzoylguanidine, an NHE-1 and NHE-2 isoform inhibitor. In contrast to other Na(+)-H(+) exchange isoforms in colonic epithelial cells, chloride-dependent Na(+)-H(+) exchange mRNA abundance was increased by dietary sodium depletion. Based on these results we predict that chloride-dependent Na(+)-H(+) exchange represents a new class of Na(+)-H(+) exchangers that may regulate ion transport in several organs.
Ethanol conversion into butadiene over Zr-containing molecular sieves doped with silver (2015)

The synthesis of butadiene-1,3 from ethanol over silver doped (1 wt%) Zr-containing molecular sieves ZrBEA, ZrMCM-41 and ZrO<sub>2</sub> supported on silica has been studied.
Transient current circuit for switching loss reduction in buck converters (2009)

In this paper, a transient current circuit is introduced. The circuit evidently reduces switching loss of buck converter main switch dramatically. This topology enables to operate high-frequency. The validity of the transient current circuit is verified through simulations and experiments.
Patients with patellofemoral pain exhibit elevated bone metabolic activity at the patellofemoral joint (2011)

Patellofemoral pain is characterized by pain behind the kneecap and is often thought to be due to high stress at the patellofemoral joint. While we cannot measure bone stress in vivo, we can visualize bone metabolic activity using (18) F NaF PET/CT, which may be related to bone stress. Our goals were to use (18) F NaF PET/CT to evaluate whether subjects with patellofemoral pain exhibit elevated bone metabolic activity and to determine whether bone metabolic activity correlates with pain intensity. We examined 20 subjects diagnosed with patellofemoral pain. All subjects received an (18) F NaF PET/CT scan of their knees. Uptake of (18) F NaF in the patella and trochlea was quantified by computing the standardized uptake value and normalizing by the background tracer uptake in bone. We detected increased tracer uptake in 85% of the painful knees examined. We found that the painful knees exhibited increased tracer uptake compared to the pain-free knees of four subjects with unilateral pain (P = 0.0006). We also found a correlation between increasing tracer uptake and increasing pain intensity (r(2) = 0.55; P = 0.0005). The implication of these results is that patellofemoral pain may be related to bone metabolic activity at the patellofemoral joint.