gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of fixation on CA4+ contrast enhanced microCT of articular cartilage and subsequent feasibility for histological evaluation. (2021)

CA4+ is a novel cationic iodinated contrast agent utilized for contrast-enhanced microCT (CECT). In this study, we compared CA4+ CECT for cartilage quantification of unfixed and neutral buffered formalin (NBF)-fixed rabbit distal femur cartilage after 8-, 24- and 30-hours of contrast agent diffusion. The stability of CA4+ binding to cartilage after PBS soak and decalcification was also investigated by CECT. We further assessed the feasibility of cartilage histology and immunohistochemistry after CA4+ CECT. Contrast-enhanced CA4+ labeled unfixed and NBF-fixed cartilage tissues facilitate articular cartilage quantification and accurate morphological assessment. The NBF fixed tissues demonstrate higher cartilage intensity and imaging characteristics distinct from subchondral bone than unfixed tissues while maintaining stable binding even after decalcification with 10% EDTA. The unfixed tissues labeled with CA4+, after CECT imaging and decalcification, are amenable to H&E, Alcian blue, and Safranin O staining, as well as Col2 immunohistochemistry. In contrast, only H&E and Alcian blue staining can be accomplished with CA4+ labeled NBF fixed cartilage, and CA4+ labeling interferes with downstream immunohistochemistry and Safranin O staining, likely due to its positive charge. In conclusion, CA4+ CECT of NBF fixed tissues provides high quality microCT cartilage images and allows for convenient quantification along with feasible downstream H&E and Alcian blue staining after decalcification. CA4+ CECT of unfixed tissues enables researchers to obtain both quantitative microCT as well as cartilage histology and immunohistochemistry data from one set of animals in a cost-, time-, and labor-efficient manner.
Total energies in Se. I. The trigonal crystal (1983)

The equilibrium crystal structure (lattice constants and chain radius) of trigonal selenium, a molecular crystal, are determined by minimizing the total energy, as calculated in the local-density and frozen-core approximations. The cohesive energy and ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{1}({A}_{1})$ phonon frequency are also computed. Comparison with experiment shows excellent agreement for intrachain properties, and satisfactory agreement for interchain properties. This indicates that ab initio local-density total-energy calculations are viable for the case of molecular crystals.
The Wisconsin Wind Tunnel: virtual prototyping of parallel computers (1995)

We have developed a new technique for evaluating cache coherent, shared-memory computers. The Wisconsin Wind Tunnel (WWT) runs a parallel shared-memory program on a parallel computer (CM-5) and uses execution-driven, distributed, discrete-event simulation to accurately calculate program execution time. WWT is a virtual prototype that exploits similarities between the system under design (the target) and an existing evaluation platform (the host). The host directly executes all target program instructions and memory references that hit in the target cache. WWT's shared memory uses the CM-5 memory's error-correcting code (ECC) as valid bits for a fine-grained extension of shared virtual memory. Only memory references that miss in the target cache trap to WWT, which simulates a cache-coherence protocol. WWT correctly interleaves target machine events and calculates target program execution time. WWT runs on parallel computers with greater speed and memory capacity than uniprocessors. WWT's simulation time decreases as target system size increases for fixed-size problems and holds roughly constant as the target system and problem scale.
SHG properties of K3Li2-xNb5+xO15+2x single crystals grown by the micro-pulling-down method (1996)

Potassium lithium niobate (K3Li2−xNb5+x O15+2x: KLN) has been expected as a hopeful material for SHG blue laser because of its excellent features such as a large nonlinear coefficients, high optical damage resistance, and wide noncritical phase-matching characteristics at room temperature.1,2 Applying rnicro-pulling-down (μ-FD) method to crystal growth of KLN overcame the cracks and compositional fluctuations difficulties.3 We have studied SHG properties of μ-PD-grown KLN single crystals both along and perpendicular to the growth axis.
Enhanced direct modulation efficiency by FM to IM conversion (2002)

Enhanced modulation efficiency of a directly modulated, high speed DBR laser of up to 400% has been demonstrated using FM to IM conversion in optical fiber. The link noise figure is improved by 8 dB and the dynamic range by 3 dB at 10 GHz.
Ultra-wide bandwidth systems for the surveillance of railway crossing Areas (2015)

Level crossings are critical elements of railway networks where a large number of accidents take place every year. With the recent enforcement of new and higher safety standards for railway transportation systems, dedicated and reliable technologies for level crossing surveillance must be introduced in order to comply with the safety requirements. In this survey the worldwide problem of level crossing surveillance is addressed, with particular attention to the recent European safety regulations. In this context, the capability of detecting, localizing, and discriminating the vehicle/obstacle that might be entrapped in a level crossing area is considered of paramount importance to save lives, and at the same time avoid costly false alarms. In this article the main solutions available today are illustrated and their pros and cons discussed. In particular, the recent ultra-wide bandwidth technology, combined with proper signal processing and backhauling over the already deployed optical fiber backbone, is shown to represent a promising solution for safety improvement in level crossings.
MCART1/SLC25A51 is required for mitochondrial NAD transport (2020)

The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>/NADH) pair is a cofactor in redox reactions and is particularly critical in mitochondria as it connects substrate oxidation by the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to adenosine triphosphate generation by the electron transport chain (ETC) and oxidative phosphorylation. While a mitochondrial NAD<sup>+</sup> transporter has been identified in yeast, how NAD enters mitochondria in metazoans is unknown. Here, we mine gene essentiality data from human cell lines to identify <i>MCART1</i> (<i>SLC25A51</i>) as coessential with ETC components. <i>MCART1</i>-null cells have large decreases in TCA cycle flux, mitochondrial respiration, ETC complex I activity, and mitochondrial levels of NAD<sup>+</sup> and NADH. Isolated mitochondria from cells lacking or overexpressing <i>MCART1</i> have greatly decreased or increased NAD uptake in vitro, respectively. Moreover, <i>MCART1</i> and <i>NDT1</i>, a yeast mitochondrial NAD<sup>+</sup> transporter, can functionally complement for each other. Thus, we propose that MCART1 is the long sought mitochondrial transporter for NAD in human cells.
Optimized Self-Localization for SLAM in Dynamic Scenes Using Probability Hypothesis Density Filters (2017)

In many applications, sensors that map the positions of objects in unknown environments are installed on dynamic platforms. As measurements are relative to the observer's sensors, scene mapping requires accurate knowledge of the observer state. However, in practice, observer reports are subject to positioning errors. Simultaneous localization and mapping addresses the joint estimation problem of observer localization and scene mapping. State-of-the-art approaches typically use visual or optical sensors and therefore rely on static beacons in the environment to anchor the observer estimate. However, many applications involving sensors that are not conventionally used for Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) are affected by highly dynamic scenes, such that the static world assumption is invalid. This paper proposes a novel approach for dynamic scenes, called GEneralized Motion (GEM) SLAM. Based on probability hypothesis density filters, the proposed approach probabilistically anchors the observer state by fusing observer information inferred from the scene with reports of the observer motion. This paper derives the general, theoretical framework for GEM-SLAM, and shows that it generalizes existing Probability Hypothesis Density (PHD)-based SLAM algorithms. Simulations for a model-specific realization using range-bearing sensors and multiple moving objects highlight that GEM-SLAM achieves significant improvements over three benchmark algorithms.
Data remapping for design space optimization of embedded memory systems (2003)

In this article, we present a novel linear time algorithm for data remapping , that is, (i) lightweight; (ii) fully automated; and (iii) applicable in the context of pointer-centric programming languages with dynamic memory allocation support. All previous work in this area lacks one or more of these features. We proceed to demonstrate a novel application of this algorithm as a key step in optimizing the design of an embedded memory system. Specifically, we show that by virtue of locality enhancements via data remapping, we may reduce the memory subsystem needs of an application by 50%, and hence concomitantly reduce the associated costs in terms of size, power, and dollar-investment (61%). Such a reduction overcomes key hurdles in designing high-performance embedded computing solutions. Namely, memory subsystems are very desirable from a performance standpoint, but their costs have often limited their use in embedded systems. Thus, our innovative approach offers the intriguing possibility of compilers playing a significant role in exploring and optimizing the design space of a memory subsystem for an embedded design. To this end and in order to properly leverage the improvements afforded by a compiler optimization, we identify a range of measures for quantifying the cost-impact of popular notions of locality, prefetching, regularity of memory access, and others . The proposed methodology will become increasingly important, especially as the needs for application specific embedded architectures become prevalent. In addition, we demonstrate the wide applicability of data remapping using several existing microprocessors, such as the Pentium and UltraSparc. Namely, we show that remapping can achieve a performance improvement of 20% on the average. Similarly, for a parametric research HPL-PD microprocessor, which characterizes the new Itanium machines, we achieve a performance improvement of 28% on average. All of our results are achieved using applications from the DIS, Olden and SPEC2000 suites of integer and floating point benchmarks.
Developing a Linear Impactor Test Method for Ice Hockey (2020)

Ice hockey helmets are certified to standards that include drop tests that limit linear acceleration imparted to a surrogate headform. Historically, this test has been successful as a measure of a helmet's ability to absorb energy and mitigate serious to severe head injury. However, new interest in concussions has demanded new test methods to address these brain injuries. Evolving research shows the importance of rotational kinematics in concussion and hence the desire for a rotational helmet impact test. The standard drop test simulates hard, flat surfaces in hockey such as the ice, boards, and glass. However, open ice collisions involving shoulder and elbow impacts are poorly defined in terms of surface stiffness, impact speed, and responding head kinematics. In this present work, we explore the feasibility of measuring these factors directly in a series of on-ice experiments using a Hybrid III pedestrian crash test dummy setup to resemble a hockey player. The dummy head was instrumented for linear and rotational accelerations. A special test fixture simulated a realistic hockey posture and head elevation. Two experienced adult male hockey players delivered a series of increasingly aggressive shoulder and elbow strikes to the helmeted dummy head at elevated skating speeds. Results showed that elbow strike acceleration and time duration were similar to a standard drop test at a lower drop height. Shoulder impacts were of longer time duration and could be simulated by a padded strike face added to a linear impactor helmet test apparatus. The linear impactor was set up with the same Hybrid III head and helmet from the on-ice experiments. Iterative tests were run to converge on the design of a padded face to match the shoulder response from the on-ice tests. This pilot program was shown to be a feasible approach toward developing a shoulder impact simulator, although limitations are discussed. These on-ice head impact data provide insight into the unique character of shoulder-to-head and elbow-to-head impacts. This new test method may provide a foundation for future ice hockey test standards.
Wide‐range visible luminescence of ZnCdSe/BeZnTe type‐II superlattices grown on InP substrates (2014)

Abstract The photoluminescence (PL) characteristics of ZnCdSe/BeZnTe type‐II superlattices (SLs) with various thickness combinations of ZnCdSe and BeZnTe layers were investigated at room temperature. High PL peak intensities that were comparable to those of other direct‐bandgap materials, such as BeZnSeTe, were obtained. The PL peak wavelength was widely controlled from 508 to 739 nm by changing the layer thickness combination (ZnCdSe/BeZnTe) from 1 monolayer (ML)/5 ML to 6 ML/5 ML. The peak wavelengths were evaluated by comparison with theoretical values. Three‐primary‐color luminescence with PL peaks of 506, 530, and 617 nm was demonstrated for the SL sample with three types of monolithically stacked SLs with different layer thickness combinations (i.e., 1 ML/5 ML, 2 ML/5 ML, and 5 ML/5 ML). (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Constructing elliptic curves with a known number of points over a prime field (2004)

Elliptic curves with a known number of points over a given prime field Fn are often needed for use in cryptography. In the context of primality proving, Atkin and Morain suggested the use of the theory of complex multiplication to construct such curves. One of the steps in this method is the calculation of a root modulo n of the Hilbert class polynomial HD(X) for a fundamental discriminant D. The usual way is to compute HD(X) over the integers and then to find the root modulo n. We present a modified version of the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) to compute HD(X) modulo n directly from the knowledge of HD(X) modulo enough small primes. Our complexity analysis suggests that asymptotically our algorithm is an improvement over previously known methods. In order to use elliptic curves in cryptography, one often needs to construct elliptic curves with a known number of points over a given prime field. One way of doing this is to randomly pick elliptic curves and then to count the number of points on the curve over the prime field, repeating this until the desired number of points is found. Atkin and Morain (AtMor) pointed out that instead, one can use the theory of complex multiplication to construct elliptic curves with a known number of points. Although at present it may still be more efficient to count points on random curves, we hope thatimproving the complex multiplication method will eventually yield a more efficientalgorithm. In some situations, using complex multiplication methods is the only practical possibility (e.g. if the prime is too large for point-counting to be efficient yet the discriminant of the imaginary quadratic field is relatively small). This paper provides a new version of the complex multiplication method. Suppose n is an integer, usually a prime or a pseudo-prime, and one wants to construct an elliptic curve modulo n along with the number of points on that curve modulo n. One of the steps in the complex multiplication method is the calculation of the Hilbert class polynomial HD(X) modulo n for a certain fundamental discriminant D. The usual way to do this is to compute HD(X) over the integers and then to reduce it modulo n. Atkin and Morain proposed computing HD(X) as an integral polynomial by listing all the relevant binary quadratic forms, associating to each form an algebraic integer, evaluating the j-function at each of those as a floating point integer with sufficient precision, and then taking the product and rounding the coefficients to nearest integers. Let d =|D|. If we use the estimate given by formula (3), then in view of (LL, §5.10), the computation of HD(X) by this method takes time O(d 2 (log d) 2 ). In (CNST, §4), the authors suggested computing HD(X) mod p for sufficiently many small primes p and then using the Chinese remainder theorem (CRT) to compute HD(X) as a polynomial with integer coefficients. In this paper we usea modified version of CRT to compute HD(X) modulo n directly (knowing HD(X) mod p for sufficiently many small
Pd-catalysed reactions of alkynes with model distannanes and poly[di-(n-butyl)]stannane (2012)

A reinvestigation of Pd-catalysed alkyne (R'-C≡CH; R' = H, Ph) insertion chemistry involving R(3)SnSnR(3) (3a: R = Me; 3b: R = n-Bu) was undertaken. Model distannyl ethylenes 4a-b (Me(3)SnCH=CR'SnMe(3)) and 5a-b ((n-Bu)(3)SnCH=CR'Sn(n-Bu)(3)) were reproduced and further characterized by NMR ((119)Sn, (13)C, (1)H) and UV-Vis spectroscopy. In the presence of an excess of phenylacetylene, dimerization-carbostannylation of compound 4b yielded the new conjugated butadiene, (Z,Z)-1,4-bis(trimethylstannyl)-1,4-diphenyl-buta-1,3-diene (9). An X-ray structure determination of 9 reveals a symmetrical double-bond Z confirmation. Compound 9 was further characterized by NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and MS. A DFT analysis of model compounds (4a-b, 5a-b, 9) and the experimental and theoretical λ(max) values from the UV-Vis spectra were also compared. Acetylene and phenylacetylene Pd-catalysed insertion into the backbone of poly[di-(n-butyl)]stannane 12 resulted in new, modest molecular weight, partially inserted alkene tin polymers (13a-b) that were also characterized by GPC, NMR, UV-Vis spectroscopy and elemental analysis.
Magnetoresistance of a ferromagnetic multiple-wire system (1999)

The magnetoresistance of a multiple micro-wire system consisting of an Fe-Ni wire and a crossing Cu wire was investigated. In this system, the magnetic field produced by the electric current flowing in the Cu wire acts locally on a part of the Fe-Ni wire. The magnetization reversal of the Fe-Ni wire can be controlled by adjusting the strength and the sense of the local field. Reversed magnetic domain nucleates at the position under the Cu wire when the local field is parallel to the external magnetic field, but the propagation of the magnetic domain wall is obstructed at this position by the application of the local field antiparallel to the external field.
A multimodality vascular imaging phantom of an abdominal aortic aneurysm with a visible thrombus (2013)

The mimicked abdominal tissues, AAA wall, and surrounding thrombus were developed to match imaging features of in vivo MR, CT, and ultrasound examinations. This phantom should be of value for image calibration, segmentation, and testing of endovascular devices for AAA endovascular repair.
Preparation of Hyperbranched and Star Polymers by a "Living", Self-Condensing Free Radical Polymerization (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of Hyperbranched and Star Polymers by a "Living", Self-Condensing Free Radical PolymerizationCraig J. Hawker, Jean M. J. Frechet, Robert B. Grubbs, and Julian DaoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 43, 10763–10764Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00148a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00148a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2563Altmetric-Citations520LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Radiation Tolerance of High-Density FPGAs (1998)

Introduction Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided fine-needle aspiration and biopsy (FNA/FNB) to obtain cytological aspirates and histological core samples, respectively, are the standard of care for diagnosing lesions in/adjacent to the upper/lower gastrointestinal tract. Due to the lack of standardization of tissue processing, it is unclear whether core samples should be sent only for histology (formalin) or cytology (CytoLyt), or both. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic concordance rates between cytology and histology on EUS-FNB core samples. Methods A total of 227 patients underwent EUS-FNB between October-2017 and February-2019 by a single therapeutic endoscopist; 44 core-tissue samples (41 patients) were placed alternately in CytoLyt (cytology) and formalin (histology), with equal passes into each, to best achieve a proportionate sample amount. The patient's demographics, medical history, pertinent imaging, EUS indication/findings were reviewed. Main outcomes included concordance rates between cytology-histology and diagnostic accuracy for malignancy. Results Cytology and histology were discordant in five cases (11.5%); four with negative cytology but a definite diagnosis of malignancy achieved with histology. One case was suspected as neoplasm on cytology but further characterized as benign on histology. Cytology failed to sub-characterize an additional four mass-like pancreatic benign entities, due to inadequate tissue architecture assessment in the CytoLyt sample. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of cytology for diagnosis of malignancy were 87.88% (95%CI: 71.8-96.6), 90.91% (95%CI: 58.7-99.7), 96.67% (95%CI: 81.6-99.4), and 71.43% (95%CI: 49.4-86.4). Discussion We observed 11.5% diagnostic discordance between cytology and histology on EUS-FNB core samples, with histology being superior. Future multicenter prospective randomized studies are needed to establish an accurate and cost-effective diagnostic process.