gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Column-Generation Approach to the Multiple Knapsack Problem with Color Constraints (2006)

In this paper, we study a new problem that we refer to as the multiple knapsack with color constraints (MKCP). Motivated by a real application from the steel industry, the MKCP can be formulated by generalizing the multiple knapsack problem. A real-life instance (called mkc) of this problem class is available through MIPLIB (Bixby 2004) and a larger instance (mkc7) is downloadable from the COIN site (IBM 2004). The focus of this paper is to present improved computational results for the two mentioned instances of this problem using a column-generation approach. We solve mkc to optimality and use Dantzig-Wolfe decomposition for upper bounding the other instance. Solving mkc to optimality took less time than it takes to solve the LP relaxation of the original formulation. The larger instance is solved to near optimality (within 0.5% of optimality) in a fraction of the time required to solve the original relaxed LP.
How to Use the Modern Operating Room for the Education of Neurosurgeons(<SPECIAL ISSUE>Lifelong Education for Neurosurgeons) (2010)

The foundation of surgical education is learning by participating in surgical procedures. This model of education, which is a form of apprenticeship, effectively transmits the particular skills and knowledge necessary to perform complex operations. However, it has many liabilities, including a limited ability to share such learning beyond the assistant and limited preservation of unique surgical experiences. Furthermore, the surgeon and trainee must be in the same place at the same time. Technology for capturing, recording, transmitting, editing, archiving, and sharing neurosurgical experience is readily available for use in the operating room. This article reviews ways that these technologies can be implemented in the modern operating room to facilitate the education of neurosurgeons and neurosurgical trainees.
Impact of position sensor accuracy on the performance of IPM drives (2013)

In this paper, the influence of rotor position sensor accuracy on the performance of an Interior Permanent Magnet (IPM) motor drive for automotive propulsion is presented. Analytical equations describing the torque production in IPM machines show the need for rotor position feedback with high accuracy and resolution, especially for operation in the flux weakening region. Finite element analysis was performed to substantiate this conclusion and also to estimate the torque and power degradation due to the position sensor error. The dynamic angle error of various high resolution/accuracy sensors was measured on the test bench at various operating speeds and temperatures and the measured data was used for computing the impact of angle error on the torque ripple. The details of these results are presented in the paper.
Multimodal Fusion Interactions: A Study of Human and Automatic Quantification (2023)

In order to perform multimodal fusion of heterogeneous signals, we need to understand their interactions: how each modality individually provides information useful for a task and how this information changes in the presence of other modalities. In this paper, we perform a comparative study of how humans annotate two categorizations of multimodal interactions: (1) partial labels, where different annotators annotate the label given the first, second, and both modalities, and (2) counterfactual labels, where the same annotator annotates the label given the first modality before asking them to explicitly reason about how their answer changes when given the second. We further propose an alternative taxonomy based on (3) information decomposition, where annotators annotate the degrees of redundancy: the extent to which modalities individually and together give the same predictions, uniqueness: the extent to which one modality enables a prediction that the other does not, and synergy: the extent to which both modalities enable one to make a prediction that one would not otherwise make using individual modalities. Through experiments and annotations, we highlight several opportunities and limitations of each approach and propose a method to automatically convert annotations of partial and counterfactual labels to information decomposition, yielding an accurate and efficient method for quantifying multimodal interactions.
Low-Refractive-Index Materials – A New Class of Optical Thin-Film Materials (2009)

The refractive index is the most fundamental quantity in optics. However, no optical thin-film materials have been available in the index range 1.05–1.4. A new class of low-index materials is presented including several applications.
Abstract 2069: A novel berbamine derivative induces apoptosis of chemotherapy-resistant human osteosarcoma cells through activation of ROS/JNK signaling (2012)

Abstract Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children and adolescence. There is a critical need to find more potent drugs for patients with metastatic or recurrent disease. Berbamine (BBM) is a natural compound derived from the Berberis amurensis plants. BBM and its derivatives have been shown to have anti-tumor effects in several cancers. Here, we report that a new berbamine derivative, BBMD3 (5 µM), induces apoptosis of human osteosarcoma cells, which are resistant or insensitive to conventional chemotherapy including cisplatin, doxorubicin and methotrexate. BBMD3 inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of G292, KHOS and MG-63 human osteosarcoma cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. BBMD3 activated caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Caspase inhibitor (Z-VAD-FMK) could rescue tumor cells from the cytotoxic effects of BBMD3 on cell survival. Importantly, BBMD3 increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) in these tumor cells, resulting in activation of its substrates, c-Jun and c-Fos. Moreover, reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), blocked the phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun induced by BBMD3. However, Z-VAD-FMK treatment did not inhibit the induction of phosphorylated JNK and c-Jun by BBMD3, suggesting that phosphorylation of JNK and c-Jun occurred before activation of caspases. BBMD3 increased the expression of the pro-apototic gene Bad, associated with apoptosis induction. Finally, BBMD3 also decreased the expression of cyclin D1, a positive cell cycle regulator, which is correlated with growth suppression in osteosarcoma cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that BBMD3 is a potentially promising drug for the treatment of chemotherapy-resistant osteosarcomas. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2069. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2069
Application of Adaptive Kalman Filter for Estimation of Power Train Variables (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The paper presents the estimator design procedures for automotive power train systems based on the adaptive Kalman filter. The Kalman filter adaptation is based on a simple and robust algorithm that detects sudden changes of power train variables. The adaptive Kalman filter has been used to estimate the SI engine load torque and air mass flow, and also the tire traction force and road condition. The presented experimental results indicate that proposed estimators are characterized by favorable response speeds and good noise suppression abilities.&lt;/div&gt;
Single cell enzyme diagnosis on the chip (2013)

Conventional diagnosis based on ensemble measurements often overlooks the variation among cells. Here, we present a droplet-microfluidics based platform to investigate single cell activities. Adopting a previously developed isothermal rolling circle amplification-based assay, we demonstrate detection of enzymatic activities down to the single cell level with small quantities of biological samples, which outcompetes existing techniques. Such a system, capable of resolving single cell activities, will ultimately have clinical applications in diagnosis, prediction of drug response and treatment evaluation, as well as fundamental impact on the understanding of disease mechanisms.
Straggler-Resistant Distributed Matrix Computation via Coding Theory: Removing a Bottleneck in Large-Scale Data Processing (2020)

The current big data era routinely requires the processing of large-scale data on massive distributed computing clusters. In these applications, data sets are often so large that they cannot be housed in the memory and/or the disk of any one computer. Thus, the data and the processing are typically distributed across multiple nodes. Distributed computation is thus a necessity rather than a luxury. The widespread use of such clusters presents several opportunities and advantages over traditional computing paradigms. However, it also presents newer challenges where coding-theoretic ideas have recently had a significant impact. Large-scale clusters (which can be heterogeneous in nature) suffer from the problem of stragglers, which are slow or failed worker nodes in the system. Thus, the overall speed of a computation is typically dominated by the slowest node in the absence of a sophisticated assignment of tasks to the worker nodes.
Antagonism between splicing and microprocessor complex dictates the serum-induced processing of lnc-MIRHG for efficient cell cycle reentry (2020)

Cellular quiescence and cell cycle reentry regulate vital biological processes such as cellular development and tissue homeostasis and are controlled by precise regulation of gene expression. The roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) during these processes remain to be elucidated. By performing genome-wide transcriptome analyses, we identify differential expression of several hundreds of lncRNAs, including a significant number of the less-characterized class of microRNA-host-gene (<i>MIRHG</i>) lncRNAs or lnc-<i>MIRHGs</i>, during cellular quiescence and cell cycle reentry in human diploid fibroblasts. We observe that <i>MIR222HG</i> lncRNA displays serum-stimulated RNA processing due to enhanced splicing of the host nascent pri-<i>MIR222HG</i> transcript. The pre-mRNA splicing factor SRSF1 negatively regulates the microprocessor-catalyzed cleavage of pri-miR-222, thereby increasing the cellular pool of the mature <i>MIR222HG</i> Association of SRSF1 to pri-<i>MIR222HG</i>, including to a mini-exon, which partially overlaps with the primary miR-222 precursor, promotes serum-stimulated splicing over microRNA processing of <i>MIR222HG</i> Further, we observe that the increased levels of spliced <i>MIR222HG</i> in serum-stimulated cells promote the cell cycle reentry post quiescence in a microRNA-independent manner. <i>MIR222HG</i> interacts with <i>DNM3OS</i>, another lncRNA whose expression is elevated upon serum-stimulation, and promotes cell cycle reentry. The double-stranded RNA binding protein ILF3/2 complex facilitates <i>MIR222HG</i>:<i>DNM3OS</i> RNP complex assembly, thereby promoting <i>DNM3OS</i> RNA stability. Our study identifies a novel mechanism whereby competition between the splicing and microprocessor machinery modulates the serum-induced RNA processing of <i>MIR222HG</i>, which dictates cell cycle reentry.
Efficient Techniques for Broadcast of System Information in mmWave Communication Systems (2018)

In this paper we consider Millimeter wave (mmWave) Massive MIMO systems where a large antenna array at the base station (BS) serves a few scheduled terminals. The high dimensional null space of the channel matrix to the scheduled terminals is utilized to broadcast system information to the non-scheduled terminals on the same time-frequency resource. Our analysis reveals the interesting result that with a sufficiently large antenna array this non-orthogonal broadcast strategy requires significantly less total transmit power when compared to the traditional orthogonal strategy where a fraction of the total resource is reserved for broadcast of system information.
Catalytic Asymmetric C−H Functionalization under Photoredox Conditions by Radical Translocation and Stereocontrolled Alkene Addition (2016)

This work demonstrates how photoredox-mediated C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H activation through radical translocation can be combined with asymmetric catalysis. Upon irradiation with visible light, α,β-unsaturated N-acylpyrazoles react with N-alkoxyphthalimides in the presence of a rhodium-based chiral Lewis acid catalyst and the photosensitizer fac-[Ir(ppy)<sub>3</sub> ] to provide a C-C bond-formation product with high enantioselectivity (up to 97 % ee) and, where applicable, with some diastereoselectivity (3.0:1 d.r.). Mechanistically, the synthetic strategy exploits a radical translocation (1,5-hydrogen transfer) from an oxygen-centered to a carbon-centered radical with a subsequent stereocontrolled radical alkene addition.
Zinc Mediated Alkylation of Cyclic Secondary Amines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Memristor for energy efficient wireless sensor node (2013)

Wireless sensor nodes (WSN) are used extensively to monitor a wide range of physical and environmental parameters. Data acquisition, processing, storage and transmission are mandatory requirements for different applications. These nodes are expected to generate a correct representation of the sensed quantities, which is then used to make various decisions and control actions. This means that the node requires more memory capabilities to store data either temporary or permanently. The collected data can then be used. As the monitoring device of WSN is increasingly mobile, the need for efficient power management (PM) techniques is becoming crucial in order to extend the lifetime of the battery-powered device. Energy is a critical performance metric in WSNs. Challenges facing WSN designers range from computational energy, energy consumption, energy source, communication channels, etc. A new emerging memory technology like memristor provides a good candidate for WSN PM. Memristor non-volatility features coupled with small size and low energy operation provide a normally-off instant-on mode of operation for the WSN; this will minimize the loss of energy to leakage power. The paper gives an insight about using memristor in a PM scheme at the system level.
A triplet biradical organocalcium species derived from partial oxygen quenching of a substituted cyclopentadienyl calcium compound (1992)

Reaction of [Ca{C5H3-1,3-(SiMe3)2}2]1, in toluene with oxygen yields the stable, rigid biradical [Ca{η-C5H3-1,3-(SiMe3)2}{µ-OC5H2-2,4-(SiMe3)2}]22, characterised by an X-ray structure determination [Ca–O 2.298(3), 2.210(3)Å; Ca–centroid 2.374(–)°; Ca–O–Ca 105.4(1)°; O–Ca–centroid 149.4(–)°] and EPR spectroscopy (resonance at g= 9.01, 4.21, 3.87 result from a super-exchange interaction between two unpaired electrons in the biradical).
Analysis on two dimensional block interleaver for the cloud transmission system (2014)

This paper analyzes a interleaver size and its complexity of 2D block code, which consists of vertical raptor-like rate-compatible LDPC code and horizontal Reed Solomon (RS) code. An adequate size of 2D interleaver should be reasonably chosen by considering not only the performance and user satisfaction, but also the required memory size at a receiver side.
Albumin nanostructures as advanced drug delivery systems (2016)

One of the biggest impacts that the nanotechnology has made on medicine and biology, has been in the area of drug delivery systems (DDSs). Many drugs suffer from serious problems concerning insolubility, instability in biological environments, poor uptake into cells and tissues, sub-optimal selectivity for targets and unwanted side effects. Nanocarriers can be designed as DDSs to overcome many of these drawbacks. One of the most versatile building blocks to prepare these nanocarriers is the ubiquitous, readily available and inexpensive protein, serum albumin. Areas covered: This review covers the use of different types of albumin (human, bovine, rat, and chicken egg) to prepare nanoparticle and microparticle-based structures to bind drugs. Various methods have been used to modify the albumin structure. A range of targeting ligands can be attached to the albumin that can be recognized by specific cell receptors that are expressed on target cells or tissues. Expert opinion: The particular advantages of albumin used in DDSs include ready availability, ease of chemical modification, good biocompatibility, and low immunogenicity. The regulatory approvals that have been received for several albumin-based therapeutic agents suggest that this approach will continue to be successfully explored.
The Giessen-Bad Oeynhausen family study: Improved prediction of type I diabetes in a low incidence population of relatives using combinations of islet autoantibodies in a dual step model (2009)

To determine the value of a combined antibody screening for prediction of type I diabetes in a low incidence cohort, we prospectively studied 882 first-degree relatives (485 parents, 382 siblings and 15 offsprings) for up to 11 years who were not preselected for islet cell antibody (ICA) status. During the observation period, 16 individuals developed diabetes. The first serum sample obtained at study entry was analyzed for ICA and antibodies to insulin (IAA), glutamic acid decarboxylase (GADA) and anti-IA-2ic. A multivariate analysis, according to the Cox proportional hazard model considering the joint effects of all baseline variables, selected the four antibodies and the specific family history as significant risk confounding factors (p < 0.05). Further analysis by Kaplan-Meier Life-table methods confirmed a significantly increasing risk of diabetes with the number of autoantibodies present (p < 0.001). In accordance with the Cox model, relatives with more than one affected family member (a multiplex pedigree) and siblings and offsprings vs. parents were at increased risk of IDDM (p < 0.05). In addition to technical problems, a screening strategy based on initial ICA testing has the potential of missing ICA negative subjects among future cases of type I diabetes (19% were ICA negative in the present study) and we therefore set out to evaluate an alternative approach using a dual step strategy with a combination of GADA and anti-IA-2ic for initial screening followed by retesting of positive individuals for ICA and IAA. The combination of GADA and anti-IA-2ic for primary screening (step 1) proved to be more sensitive, identifying 94% of future cases of type I diabetes compared to 81% using ICA as initial test and this antibody combination identified 93% of those individuals with ICA of 20 JDF or more. Retesting of positive individuals for ICA and IAA (step 2) significantly improved the positive predictive value confering a risk of diabetes for siblings and offsprings with more than 2 antibodies within 5 years of 67% (95%CI: 39-90). We conclude that the prognosis of contracting IDDM in relatives is strongly related to the number of autoantibodies present, but the family history should be additionally considered for individual risk assessment. The proposed screening strategy could overcome the inherent problems of the ICA and IAA assays for large-scale screening. In the present study it allows 5-year risk estimates of up to 67% identifying 94% of future cases of type I diabetes.
Message Type 28 (2001)

The Wide Area Augmentations Syste (WAAS)and similar Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBASs) broadcast differential Global Positioning System (GPS) corrections and confidences.From this information a user
can ore accurately determine position.Even ore i portantly,the users can determine the confidence they have in that position solution.The format of the messages containing these corrections is described in the
WAAS Minimum Operational Performance Standards (MOPS)[1 ].A new message type is described that contains a relative clock and ephemeris covariance atrix for individual satellites.From this matrix users can
reconstruct their location specific error bound rather than applying the largest bound in the service volume.By transmitting this information to the user,we can achieve two benefits:i proved availability within the service volume and improved integrity in the region outside.Message Type 28 contains matrices for two satellites per
message,and each message is broadcast at the same rate as the long-ter corrections (Message Type 25).Message Type 28 is in the process of being incorporated into the WAAS and has been presented to RTCA and to the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO)for inclusion in the MOPS and the international Standards And Recommended Procedures (SARPS).Two issues have been identified with its implementation.
Complexity is added t o t he syst e i n generating and monitoring the contents of the message.Additionally,the discretization error incurred when fitting the essage into the li ited bandwidth of the correction channel reduces some of the provided benefit.Nevertheless,we will show
that application of this message achieves its goals.Clock and ephemeris errors are ore accurately bounded outside the service volume,and projected confidence factors inside the service volume are reduce by more than 25%.
Secure information transmission based on physical principles (2013)

Abstract. We employ physical properties of the real world to design a protocol for secure information transmission where one of the parties is able to transmit secret information to another party over an insecure channel, without any prior secret arrangements between the parties. The distinctive feature of this protocol, compared to all known public-key cryptographic protocols, is that neither party uses a one-way function. In particular, our protocol is secure against (passive) computationally unbounded adversary. 1
Laparoendoscopic Transgastric Resection of Prepyloric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor (2019)

This case report describes an 83-year-old woman with multiple comorbidities who presented with melena and coffee-ground emesis with diagnostic studies evident for a large prepyloric gastrointestinal stromal tumor. She underwent combined laparoendoscopic transgastric resection surgery for the tumor, performed by a team of gastroenterologist and thoracic surgeon with a successful outcome. The case and videos in this report provide a descriptive demonstration of the steps leading up to the surgical intervention followed by a step-by-step illustration of the combined surgical technique, thus highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary approach for optimal treatment of prepyloric gastrointestinal stromal tumor.
A Quantitative Analysis of Word-Definition in a Machine-Readable Dictionary (1995)

This paper investigates some of the distributional properties of word definitions in a machinereadable dictionary which • was obtained from the Oxford Text Archive. Three types of distributions were examined: (1) frequency-ranked distribution of words in the definitions, (2) the length distribution of word definitions and (3) the frequency distribution of the number of unique tags of an entry. In addition, the coverage characteristics of headwords over word definitions are also explored. A rough-and-ready comparison of distributional properties between tokens and their morphologically decomposed ones are made. Our result shows that morphological dcomposition does not change the length distribution of the word definitions nor the ranked-frequency distribution of words, significantly. However, it increases the coverage of word definitions dramatically compared with no decompositions. Furthermore, the frequency distribution of the number of unique tags per entry is approximately linear when the data is suitablely scaled (i.e. linear or logarithmic).