gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of cell-associated PDGF-AA by a human sarcoma cell line: evidence for a latent autocrine effect (1996)

The alternative splicing of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain is known to result in 2 different protein products. One variant is encoded by transcripts containing the 69 nts representing exon 6 (PDGF-AA(L)), and one variant is encoded by transcripts in which exon 6 is excluded (PDGF-AA(S). Transfection assays have suggested that the long splice variant of the A-chain is mainly associated with membrane- and matrix-associated heparan sulphate proteoglycans, whereas the shorter variant is soluble. We describe a human sarcoma cell line (U-2197) that expresses a high level of PDGF-A transcripts. Immunoprecipitations revealed cell-associated protein products of mainly 24, 28 and 33 kDa and less abundant forms of 40-45 kDa, while no PDGF was found in the medium. Analysis of extracellular medium in a radioreceptor assay confirmed that PDGF was not secreted by the U-2197 cells. The addition to U-2197 cultures of a carboxy terminal peptide that specifically competes with the binding of the long splice variant of PDGF-AA to extracellular matrix and cell membranes resulted in the release of 3 PDGF-AA-specific dimeric proteins with molecular masses of 33, 37 and 45 kDa. Furthermore, polymerase chain reaction studies discriminating between the long and the short splice variants of the PDGF-A transcripts revealed that U-2197 expressed relatively higher amounts of the long splice variant compared with U-343 MGa Cl 2:6, which is known to secrete PDGF-AA. These cell-associated forms of PDGF, released to the medium by adding carboxy terminal peptide, increased the tyrosine kinase activity of the endogenous PDGF alpha-receptor.
Novel Backside Grinding and Laser Dicing Process for Cu Pillar Generated Low-k Wafer (2013)

One of the challenges in using very thin die, which is needed in thin package, is how to dice it cleanly without chipping, delamination of fragile low-k insulation material and contamination of bonding pads. A narrow scribe line is also highly preferable for high wafer area utilization. The authors developed a novel "grooving and stealth laser process" to satisfy all of these criteria. Grooves are formed on test pads in die sawing area by a grooving laser beam, and then a stealth laser beam is focused into the bulk silicon, causing defect regions in the bulk silicon. Dicing tape is expanded so that the wafer breaks into separated dice.
Life Cycle Assessment of Heterojunction Solar Cells and Modules (2011)

Heterojunction solar cells have demonstrated high efficiencies and are also viewed as potentially highly sustainable. A life-cycle assessment (LCA) was performed to compare the sustainability of heterojunction (HJ) solar cells, as developed in the HETSI project (FP7-ENERGY-2007-1-RTD), to conventional mono-crystalline Si solar cells. This calculation resulted in a comparison of the cumulative energy demand (MJ) and the global warming potential (kg- CO2 eq) for HJ cells versus the mono-crystalline cells. The energy payback times (EPBT) of modules of two different HJ cell designs was found to be 1.2 and 1.2 years, while that of a ‘standard’’ mono-crystalline Si module was 1.5 years. The carbon footprint for module fabrication for the mono-crystalline Si module, and the two modules with slightly different HJ cell designs were: 0.9, 0.8 and 0.8 kg CO2 equivalents/ Wp, respectively. Assuming a southern Europe illumination of 1700 kWh/m2yr, a 75% performance ratio and a 30 year lifetime and no performance degradation, these values may also be expressed as 24, 20 and 20 g-CO2 equivalent/kWh. The higher efficiency of the HJ solar cells factors into a more favourable energy payback time, and a lower carbon footprint (per Wp or per kWh). A discussion of the cumulative energy demand and environmental impact of the manufacturing processes, together with an outlook on resource depletion, points out the materials and processes which require further development for future manufacturing requirements of lower energy use and lower costs. This is the first time an LCA of c-Si/ a-Si:H HJ solar cell technology is presented.
Crystal structure of 3,3’-dithio-bis(4-ferrocenylbenzo[4’,5’]- imidazolo[1,2-c]-thiazol-1-thione), C18H26Fe2N4S6 (2002)

Article Crystal structure of 3,3’-dithio-bis(4-ferrocenylbenzo[4’,5’]- imidazolo[1,2-c]-thiazol-1-thione), C18H26Fe2N4S6 was published on December 1, 2002 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - New Crystal Structures (volume 217, issue JG).
Electro-osmotic-based catholyte production by Microbial Fuel Cells for carbon capture (2015)

In Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), the recovery of water can be achieved with the help of both active (electro-osmosis), and passive (osmosis) transport pathways of electrolyte through the semi-permeable selective separator. The electrical current-dependent transport, results in cations and electro-osmotically dragged water molecules reaching the cathode. The present study reports on the production of catholyte on the surface of the cathode, which was achieved as a direct result of electricity generation using MFCs fed with wastewater, and employing Pt-free carbon based cathode electrodes. The highest pH levels (>13) of produced liquid were achieved by the MFCs with the activated carbon cathodes producing the highest power (309 μW). Caustic catholyte formation is presented in the context of beneficial cathode flooding and transport mechanisms, in an attempt to understand the effects of active and passive diffusion. Active transport was dominant under closed circuit conditions and showed a linear correlation with power performance, whereas osmotic (passive) transport was governing the passive flux of liquid in open circuit conditions. Caustic catholyte was mineralised to a mixture of carbonate and bicarbonate salts (trona) thus demonstrating an active carbon capture mechanism as a result of the MFC energy-generating performance. Carbon capture would be valuable for establishing a carbon negative economy and environmental sustainability of the wastewater treatment process.
Hybrid Silicon Laser Technology: A Thermal Perspective (2011)

In this paper, the hybrid silicon laser integration platform is analyzed from a thermal perspective. Key laser performance limitations are identified under high temperature and high electrical power operating conditions. Particular attention is paid to the low thermal conductivity buried oxide layer that is utilized for optical confinement. A novel approach is presented and demonstrated to reduce the effect of the buried oxide and its application to a variety of thermally limited hybrid silicon devices is discussed.
Spontaneously Resolving Hyperreninemic Hypertension Caused by Accessory Renal Artery Stenosis in a 13‐Year‐Old Girl: A Case Report (2016)

The authors describe the clinical investigation and progress of a 13-year-old girl diagnosed with hypertension 4 years prior to her admission. A thorough history was taken and physical examination performed. Laboratory analysis and relevant radiological evaluation were obtained in order to determine the etiology for suspected secondary hypertension, and later to differentiate between the possible causes of hyperreninemic hypertension. The patient had an accessory left renal artery, presumptively leading to renin secretion by the underperfused kidney. The patient was treated medically with spontaneous resolution of her hypertension and near normalization of plasma renin activity. On repeat imaging, the artery was not demonstrated. The authors concluded that the diagnosis of hyperreninemic hypertension in young ages should prompt investigation for the etiology. However, cautious observation is a valid option that might lead to spontaneous resolution.
Induction of Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate-Dependent Protein Kinase Subunits during Adipogenesisin Vitro* (1988)

Fatty acid metabolism in adipocytes is known to be regulated by the intracellular transducer cAMP. This study was undertaken to determine the temporal and hormonal regulation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase during the differentiation of preadipocyte mesenchymal cells to adipocytes. For this we have used a stable cell line (TA1) in which the undifferentiated preadipocyte acquires adipocyte functions and morphology after growth to confluence. We observed that synthesis of type I and II cAMP-dependent protein kinases was induced during the adipogenic conversion of growth-arrested TA1 cells. In preconfluent cells, neither mRNAs encoding regulatory subunits (RI, RII beta) and catalytic subunit (C alpha) nor the peptides themselves were detectable. Within several days of growth arrest at high cell density, mRNAs for RI, RII beta, and C alpha were detectable in total RNA extracted from cell populations. The subunits themselves were detectable in some, but not all, of the cells by indirect immunofluorescence. Immunoblotting of cytosolic extracts indicated that RI and the beta-isoform of RII (mol wt = 52,000) were expressed in these cells. Analysis of subunit presence or absence in single cells by immunofluorescence also indicated that kinase subunit expression preceded the accumulation of lipid droplets within the cells. Further, the subunits were predominantly associated with a reticular cytoplasmic structure (Golgi apparatus?) abutting the nucleus. Conversion of TA1 cells to adipocytes can be accelerated by indomethacin (125 microM) or dexamethasone (1 microM) treatment, compounds that also enhanced the accumulation of RII beta and C alpha mRNAs. Within 2-3 days of addition of indomethacin to confluent cultures, RII beta message content is increased about 20-fold, and protein content is increased about 5-fold relative to those in untreated cultures. C alpha mRNA content is increased about 5-fold relative to that in untreated cells. The response to dexamethasone requires 6-7 days, and changes in RII beta message levels were the most pronounced. We also observed the induction of mRNAs for the functionally relevant mRNA lipoprotein lipase in indomethacin-treated cells. In addition to this apparent transcriptional regulation of kinase subunit expression, we provide evidence for regulation at the posttranscriptional level. Within a differentiated culture, there exist stem cells that can be selected, will repopulate the dish, and will again differentiate into adipocytes upon growth arrest at high cell density. In preconfluent populations of these stems cells, unlike the preconfluent TA1 cells originally plated, both RII beta and C alpha messages were present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Editorial Board Focus – May 2007 (2007)

From our panel of expert Editorial Board members, an update on the developments and activities ongoing in their laboratories and institutions, as well as recommendations of other groups whose work is of considerable interest to the readers of EOBT.
Rifamycin Biosynthetic Congeners: Isolation and Total Synthesis of Rifsaliniketal and Total Synthesis of Salinisporamycin and Saliniketals A and B (2016)

We describe the isolation, structure elucidation, and total synthesis of the novel marine natural product rifsaliniketal and the total synthesis of the structurally related variants salinisporamycin and saliniketals A and B. Rifsaliniketal was previously proposed, but not observed, as a diverted metabolite from a biosynthetic precursor to rifamycin S. Decarboxylation of rifamycin provides salinisporamycin, which upon truncation with loss of the naphthoquinone ring leads to saliniketals. Our synthetic strategy hinged upon a Pt(II)-catalyzed cycloisomerization of an alkynediol to set the dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane ring system and a fragmentation of an intermediate dihydropyranone to forge a stereochemically defined (E,Z)-dienamide unit. Multiple routes were explored to assemble fragments with high stereocontrol, an exercise that provided additional insights into acyclic stereocontrol during stereochemically complex fragment-assembly processes. The resulting 11-14 step synthesis of saliniketals then enabled us to explore strategies for the synthesis and coupling of highly substituted naphthoquinones or the corresponding naphthalene fragments. Whereas direct coupling with naphthoquinone fragments proved unsuccessful, both amidation and C-N bond formation tactics with the more electron-rich naphthalene congeners provided an efficient means to complete the first total synthesis of rifsaliniketal and salinisporamycin.
Generation of optical 8PSK using cascaded IQ modulators and binary electronics (2011)

An eight-ary phase-shift keying (8PSK) transmitter is proposed and experimentally demonstrated using two cascaded in-phase/quadrature (IQ) modulators. Error-free operation was achieved for generated 30-Gb/s optical 8PSK.
Optically functional surface composed of patterned graded-refractive-index coatings to enhance light-extraction of GaInN light-emitting diodes (2011)

Graded-refractive-index (GRIN) coatings, composed of multiple dielectric layers of TiO2 and SiO2 are sputter-deposited on the nitrogen-face of thin-film GaInN/GaN light emitting diodes (LEDs). The thickness and refractive index of each layer in the GRIN stack is designed to minimize light trapping inside the LED caused by total internal reflection at the semiconductor–air interface. Patterning the GRIN stack forms an optically functional surface, which converts trapped modes of light into desirable extracted modes that have preferential directions. Inductively coupled-plasma reactive-ion-etching is used to fabricate various patterns, including arrays of cylindrical pillars and diamond-shaped pillars on the GRIN coatings. In comparison to an uncoated planar reference device, the light-output power is enhanced by 131% and 104% for an array of GRIN diamond-shaped pillars and an array of GRIN cylindrical pillars, respectively. This enhancement in light-output power is comparable to N-face roughened LEDs, which show an enhancement of 124%. In addition, the peak emission intensity of the GRIN LEDs with an array of GRIN pillars is between 25° and 55° off-surface-normal.
Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial of Combined Oral laxatives Medication for BOwel PREParation (COMBO-PREP study) (2016)

The combination of different laxatives at reduced volumes may benefit patients by enhancing efficacy for bowel cleansing and increasing tolerability. However, evidence regarding combined preparations is scarce. This study evaluated whether the combined preparations are associated with enhanced efficacy and tolerability. This randomized phase II study had a single-blind, parallel-arm design. Between December 2013 and September 2014, consecutive patients aged between 20 and 65 years and who required diagnostic colonoscopies were considered for inclusion. Patients were randomly allocated into 4 arms: sodium picosulfate and magnesium citrate (PMC) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) with ascorbic acid in a day-prior (PMC-PEG-DP), PMC and oral sodium phosphate (NaP) in a day-prior (PMC-NaP-DP), PMC and PEG with ascorbic acid in a split-dose (PMC-PEG-SD), and PMC and oral NaP in a split-dose (PMC-NaP-SD). Primary endpoint was the Aronchick scale, and Ottawa scale results by colon segment, patients' adverse gastrointestinal symptoms, and willingness to reuse the same agents were also recorded. Successful bowel preparation was defined as an "excellent" or "good" score on the Aronchick scale. A total of 236 patients were randomized and 229 patients received the planned colonoscopy. The rates of successful bowel preparation in the PMC-PEG-DP, PMC-NaP-DP, PMC-PEG-SD, and PMC-NaP-SD were 82.5%, 64.4%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. Excluding the failed PMC-NaP-DP group, all groups showed satisfactory rates of successful bowel preparation, and the mean Ottawa scores were significantly better in the PMC-PEG-SD and PMC-NaP-SD groups than in the PMC-PEG-DP group (P < 0.0001). The PMC-PEG-DP, PMC-NaP-DP, PMC-PEG-SD, and PMC-NaP-SD groups were similar in terms of rates of adverse gastrointestinal symptoms reported on a 5-point scale (P = 0.40) and willingness to reuse the same combined preparations (P = 0.55). PMC-PEG in a day-prior or split-dose and PMC-NaP in a split-dose were efficient and tolerable bowel preparations for colonoscopy.
Genome‐wide association study and meta‐analysis in Northern European populations replicate multiple colorectal cancer risk loci (2017)

Genome-wide association studies have been successful in elucidating the genetic basis of colorectal cancer (CRC), but there remains unexplained variability in genetic risk. To identify new risk variants and to confirm reported associations, we conducted a genome-wide association study in 1,701 CRC cases and 14,082 cancer-free controls from the Finnish population. A total of 9,068,015 genetic variants were imputed and tested, and 30 promising variants were studied in additional 11,647 cases and 12,356 controls of European ancestry. The previously reported association between the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs992157 (2q35) and CRC was independently replicated (p = 2.08 × 10<sup>-4</sup> ; OR, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.06-1.23), and it was genome-wide significant in combined analysis (p = 1.50 × 10<sup>-9</sup> ; OR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.08-1.16). Variants at 2q35, 6p21.2, 8q23.3, 8q24.21, 10q22.3, 10q24.2, 11q13.4, 11q23.1, 14q22.2, 15q13.3, 18q21.1, 20p12.3 and 20q13.33 were associated with CRC in the Finnish population (false discovery rate < 0.1), but new risk loci were not found. These results replicate the effects of multiple loci on the risk of CRC and identify shared risk alleles between the Finnish population isolate and outbred populations.
First Results from Car-to-Car and Car-to-Infrastructure Radio Channel Measurements at 5.2GHZ (2007)

Car-to-car and car-to-infrastructure (henceforth called C2X) communications are constantly gaining importance for road- safety and other applications. In order to design efficient C2X systems, an understanding of realistic C2X propagation channels is required, but currently, only few measurements have been published. This paper presents a description of an extensive measurement campaign recently conducted in an urban scenario, a rural scenario, and on a highway. We focused on 4 x 4 multiple-input multiple-output (MHVIO) measurements at a center frequency of 5.2 GHz with high Doppler resolution. As first results from evaluating the measurement data we present the power-delay profile and the delay-Doppler spectrum from a selected, especially interesting measurement run from an urban measurement route. We observe dispersed Doppler contributions between zero and the Doppler shift corresponding to the relative speed of the cars, and very concentrated (in the Doppler domain), contributions from double reflections. Surprisingly, we also found paths with larger delays and zero Doppler shifts.
Energy Absorber Using a Magnetorheological Bypass Valve Filled With Ferromagnetic Beads (2007)

An energy absorber using a magnetorheological (MR) bypass valve filled with ferromagnetic beads was designed, fabricated, and its performance evaluated empirically. Spherical ferromagnetic beads were randomly packed inside a hollow nonmagnetic stainless steel tube comprising the bypass valve body. A key objective was to understand the interaction of magnetic and fluidic mechanisms as the MR fluid flows through a cylinder of randomly packed ferromagnetic beads. Behavior of the energy absorber using different diameters of ferromagnetic beads was measured using a servo-hydraulic testing machine. The relationship between the damping performance of the energy absorber and the ferromagnetic bead diameter was evaluated in terms of maximum controllable damping force, damping control range, and frequency bandwidth
P1-07-06: High Concordance of Protein (by IHC), Gene (by FISH; HER-2 Only) and Microarray Readout (by TargetPrint) of ER/PR/HER2: Results from the MINDACT Trial. (2011)

Abstract Background Previously, the micro-array readout of ER, PR and HER2 by TargetPrint was shown to be strongly correlated with high quality immunohistochemistry (IHC)/FISH assessment, especially for ER and HER2. Concordance rates were 93% (k=0.79) for ER; 83% (k=0.65) for PR and 96% for HER2 (k=0.88) in 636 patients (Roepman et al., Clin Cancer Res, 2009). This study analysis was undertaken to further determine the correlation of microarray readout with IHC/FISH assessment both locally and centrally determined in the 1st 800 pts enrolled in the MINDACT trial. This work is essential to determine the quality of biological data in the two risk assessment methods used in MINDACT based upon which adjuvant chemotherapy decision is made, in order to exclude bias. Methods: ER/PR/HER2 IHC assessment was performed on the 1st 800 primary breast cancers (BC) of pts enrolled in the MINDACT study. The assessment was performed locally at each center (n=800) and by central review at the laboratory of the European Institute of Oncology (n=626). A tumor was classified positive for ER and PR when 1% of tumor cells showed positive staining. HER2 IHC status was scored as 0, 1+, 2+ or 3+; a score of 3+ was considered positive. In 2+ cases FISH was performed to assess final HER2 status. Gene expression data for ER, PR and HER2 were obtained by TargetPrint stratified as receptor positive or negative using previously determined and validated thresholds for ER, PR and HER2 mRNA levels (n=800). Results: Comparison of local assessment (IHC &amp; FISH for HER2) with central review indicated highly similar results for receptor readout with a concordance of 98% (k=0.90) for ER; and 96% for HER2 (k=0.80) and slightly lower for PR (90% (k=0.72)). Comparison of central assessment (IHC &amp; FISH for HER2) with micro array readout by TargetPrint indicated highly similar results for receptor readout with a concordance of 97% (k=0.88) for ER and 95% for HER2 (k=0.76). For PR the concordance was lower but still quite acceptable (85% (k=0.62)). Conclusion: Local and centrally assessed ER, PR and HER2 status in the first 800 MINDACT patient samples indicate a high level of quality for pathology in the local participating hospitals. These results exclude any bias induced by a lower quality of “traditional” pathology results as compared to the centrally assessed MammaPrint, both used for risk assessment and adjuvant chemotherapy decision in the MINDACT trial. The microarray-based assessment of ER, PR and HER2 gives results comparable to IHC &amp; FISH and provides an objective and quantitative assessment of tumor receptor status. These results indicate that TargetPrint can serve as a second pathology assessment for locally assessed parameters, especially since TargetPrint is part of a multi-profile platform for breast cancer treatment management. This work was funded by the Breast Cancer Research Foundation and the EU Framework Program VI. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2011;71(24 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-07-06.
Application of HFO1234ZEE in MV switchgear AS SF6 alternative gas (2017)

This study presents the application of HFO1234zeE as SF6 alternative gas in medium-voltage (MV) equipment. It shows the main characteristics of this gas demonstrating that it can be used as dielectric medium as SF6 alternative gas for MV switchgear in association with vacuum interrupters for current breaking.