gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Associations of clinical and inflammatory biomarker clusters with juvenile idiopathic arthritis categories (2019)

Applying unsupervised data mining to clinical and inflammatory biomarker data discerns discrete clusters that intersect multiple JIA categories. Results suggest that certain groups of patients within different JIA categories are more aligned pathobiologically than their separate clinical categorizations suggest. Applying data mining analyses to complex datasets can generate insights into JIA pathogenesis and could contribute to biologically based refinements in JIA classification.
Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control (2009)

State-of-the-Art Coverage of the Most Widely Used Acceptance Sampling TechniquesCohesively Incorporates Theory and PracticeReflecting the recent resurgence of interest in this field, Acceptance Sampling in Quality Control, Second Edition presents the state of the art in the methodology of sampling and explores its advantages and limitations. The bo
Extending a GTD-based image formation technique to EUV lithography (2003)

An image formation technique based on the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction was presented last conference. The technique is a scalar technique and is applicable to infinitely thin and perfectly conducting mask. We explore in this paper the extension of the technique to 1D Extreme Ultra-Violet(EUV) Lithography mask, taking into consideration both the material property and the topography of the mask. Vectorial nature of light is incorporated in the treatment. Results obtained are promising and encouraging. Computation time is relatively much shorter and the technique could simulate irradiance profile for any illumination angle. The technique is simple and elegant and lends understanding to image formation. We conclude that the asymmetry-through-focus characteristic usually found in EUV and Phase Mask imaging is an imaging phenomenon. We also conclude that corrections for proximity effect and pattern infidelity will be needed when EUV Lithography is introduced at the 32 nm node, assuming a system NA of 0.25. Lastly, for a partially coherent illumination, it appears necessary to compute the irradiance corresponding to each illumination point individually.
Volatilization of the Heavy Metals during Circulating Fluidized Bed Combustion of Forest Residue (1998)

The environmental impact of the heavy metals contained in the combustion product ash depends on the speciation of the heavy metals and the size distributions of the heavy metals in the ash. Therefore, the behavior of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc was studied experimentally during circulating fluidized bed combustion (CFBC) of Swedish forest residue. The size distributions and concentrations of the heavy metals in the fly ash particles and in the gas phase were determined by low-pressure impactors and filters upstream of the convective back pass at 830 °C. Downstream of the convective back pass at T = 150 °C, the size distributions were determined. The fly ash from CFBC was found to contain two separate particle classes. Fine particles (Dp < 0.5 μm) consisted mainly of KCl, and coarse particles (Dp > 0.5 μm) contained as major elements Ca and Si. Major fraction of all the studied heavy metals were found in the coarse fly ash particles at location 1 at 830 °C; 7−26% of Pb, 24−27% of Cu, 1−8% of Cd, and less than 1% of Zn were found in the gas phase. The gas-to-particle conversion route for Cd, Pb, and Cu was found by chemical surface reaction, probably with silicates. None of the studied heavy metals were enriched in the fine particles at the inlet of the electrostatic precipitator.
Opinion column (2018)

This quarter, our Community column is dedicated to the review process of ACM Multimedia (MM). We report the summary of discussions arisen at various points in time, after the first round of reviews were returned to authors.
Reconstruction of myocardial tissue motion and strain fields from displacement-encoded MR imaging (2009)

A quantitative analysis of myocardial mechanics is fundamental to understanding cardiac function, diagnosis of heart disease, and assessment of therapeutic intervention. Displacement encoding with stimulated-echo (DENSE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique was developed to track the three-dimensional (3D) displacement vector of discrete material grid points in the myocardial tissue. Despite the wealth of information gained from DENSE images, the current software only provides two-dimensional in-plane deformation. The objective of this study is to introduce a postprocessing method to reconstruct and visualize continuous dynamic 3D displacement and strain fields in the ventricular wall from DENSE data. An anatomically accurate hexagonal finite-element model of the left ventricle (LV) is reconstructed by fitting a prolate spheroidal primitive to contour points of the epi- and endocardial surfaces. The continuous displacement field in the model is described mathematically based on the discrete DENSE vectors using a minimization method with smoothness regularization. Based on the displacement, heart motion and myocardial stretch (or strain) are analyzed. Illustratory computations were conducted with DENSE data of three infarcted and one normal sheep ventricles. The full 3D results show stronger overall axial shortening, wall thickening, and twisting of the normal LV compared with the infarcted hearts. Local myocardial stretches show a dyskinetic LV in the apical region, dilation of apex in systole, and a compensatory increase in strain in the healthy basal region as a compensatory mechanism. We conclude that the proposed postprocessing method significantly extends the utility of DENSE MRI, which may provide a patient-specific 3D model of cardiac mechanics.
The temperature-dependent in- and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies in superlattices (1997)

superlattices grown on MgO(001) are studied by ferromagnetic resonance (FMR). The temperature dependence of the second- and fourth-order in- and out-of-plane magnetic anisotropies were determined from azimuthal and polar angular-dependent FMR for an sample. A very small step-induced in-plane uniaxial anisotropy indicates the existence of very large atomically flat terraces resulting in a perfect structural quality, in agreement with x-ray diffraction studies. The competition between surface and volume anisotropic components results in an unusual temperature dependence of the total in-plane fourfold anisotropy possibly changing the easy axis from the [100] to [110] in-plane directions at temperatures higher than room temperature. Finally, the FMR-linewidth values are typical for samples with a very high degree of homogeneity, comparable to that of Fe whiskers.
Structural basis for controlling the dimerization and stability of the WW domains of an atypical subfamily (2008)

The second WW domain in mammalian Salvador protein (SAV1 WW2) is quite atypical, as it forms a beta-clam-like homodimer. The second WW domain in human MAGI1 (membrane associated guanylate kinase, WW and PDZ domain containing 1) (MAGI1 WW2) shares high sequence similarity with SAV1 WW2, suggesting comparable dimerization. However, an analytical ultracentrifugation study revealed that MAGI1 WW2 (Leu355-Pro390) chiefly exists as a monomer at low protein concentrations, with an association constant of 1.3 x 10(2) M(-1). We determined its solution structure, and a structural comparison with the dimeric SAV1 WW2 suggested that an Asp residue is crucial for the inhibition of the dimerization. The substitution of this acidic residue with Ser resulted in the dimerization of MAGI1 WW2. The spin-relaxation data suggested that the MAGI1 WW2 undergoes a dynamic process of transient dimerization that is limited by the charge repulsion. Additionally, we characterized a longer construct of this WW domain with a C-terminal extension (Leu355-Glu401), as the formation of an extra alpha-helix was predicted. An NMR structural determination confirmed the formation of an alpha-helix in the extended C-terminal region, which appears to be independent from the dimerization regulation. A thermal denaturation study revealed that the dimerized MAGI1 WW2 with the Asp-to-Ser mutation gained apparent stability in a protein concentration-dependent manner. A structural comparison between the two constructs with different lengths suggested that the formation of the C-terminal alpha-helix stabilized the global fold by facilitating contacts between the N-terminal linker region and the main body of the WW domain.
Correction for AbuHammad et al., Regulation of PRMT5–MDM4 axis is critical in the response to CDK4/6 inhibitors in melanoma (2020)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
EDPF: A REAL-TIME PARAMETER-FREE EDGE SEGMENT DETECTOR WITH A FALSE DETECTION CONTROL (2012)

We propose a real-time, parameter-free edge/edge segment detection algorithm based on our novel edge/edge segment detector, the edge drawing (ED) algorithm; hence the name edge drawing parameter free (EDPF). EDPF works by running ED with ED's parameters set at their extremes. This produces all edge segments in a given image with numerous false detections. The detected edge segments are then validated by an "a contrario" validation step due to the Helmholtz principle, which eliminates invalid detections leaving only "meaningful" edge segments.
Making the Most of a Scarce Metal (2009)

Abstract : Precious indeed are the platinum-group metals (PGMs): ruthenium, Ru; rhodium, Rh; palladium, Pd; osmium, Os; iridium, Ir; and platinum, Pt. The earthly scarcity and concomitant cost of PGMs have always tempered their adoption in the vast array of strategic and commercial technologies in which their inclusion would yield improved performance. We can now attain the impressive electronic and electrochemical properties of ruthenium oxide -- high electronic conductivity, high capacitive charge storage for pulse power, and fast electron transfer for catalysis, analysis, or sensing -- by distributing modest amounts of the material onto dirt-cheap, insulating substrates, namely paper made of silica fibers. In the pursuit of a robust, flexible, and inexpensive electronic and catalytic substrate, we adapted our prior protocol for depositing 4-nanometer-high webs of ruthenium dioxide (RuO2) throughout the interior of silica (SiO2) nanoarchitectures. Now, in place of specialty porous silica, commercially available silica filter paper is soaked in chilled solutions of RuO4 in petroleum ether; the RuO4 decomposes to RuO2 as the solution warms to room temperature.
Deformed and Touched Characters Recognition (2013)

In this demonstration, we will show our Optical Character Recognition(OCR) technique. Character deformation and touching problems often occur during high-speed printing process in the machine vision industry. As a result, it is difficult for OCR system to segment and recognize characters properly. To solve these problems, we propose a novel OCR technique which is robust against deformation and touching. It splits regions of characters simply and excessively, recognizes all segments and merged regions, and obtains optimal segments using graph theory.
Polyrotaxane (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Highly Efficient Phosphorescent Organic Light Emitting Diodes Based on Iridium(III) Complex with Bulky Substituent Spacers (2012)

We developed highly efficient phosphorescent organic light emitting diodes (PHOLEDs) using iridium(III) complex, fac-tris[4-methyl-2-2(4'-trimethylsilylphenyl)pyridine] [Ir(msippy)3]. PHOLEDs based on Ir(msippy)3 complex exhibit the yellowish-green emission with CIE color coordinates of (0.31,0.64). These device performances were compared with those of the green emitting Ir(ppy)3-based devices. The higher external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 25.6% and the current efficiency of 84.4 cd/A were achieved for Ir(msippy)3-based device. The results show that the complete energy and/or charge transfer from the host to Ir(msippy)3 dopant in the emitting layer (EML) of the device resulted in the higher device efficiencies compared with those of Ir(ppy)3-based devices.
Parameter study of image recovery based on MPEG-4 (2006)

MPEG-4 has been the most popular image compression standard.The process of I frame、P frame and B frames' coding based on MPEG-4 standard was presented.Some factors that affect the compressed quality were described,DCT transform,quantity parameter,searching range and half-pixel searching in the motion estimation.Many experiment data including compression ratio,PSNR and codec time etc were compared for the influence of these parameters,in which QP is the most significant parameter and the others have certain effect.
Risk stratification by pre-operative cardiopulmonary exercise testing improves outcomes following elective abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery: a cohort study (2013)

In this retrospective cohort study, a pre-operative AT > 11 ml/kg/min was associated with reduced perioperative mortality (open cases only), LOS, survival and inpatient costs (open and endovascular repair) for elective infra-renal AAA surgery.
Biomedical Optics Scientific Community (2018)

The new Editor-in-Chief, Brian Pogue, gives an overview of the biomedical optics community.
High payload six-axis load sensor (2023)

A repairable high-payload six-axis load sensor includes a table, a base, and at least three shear-pin load transducers removably mounted between the table and the base. Removable mounting permits easy replacement of damaged shear pins. Preferably, the shear-pin load transducers are responsive to shear forces imparted along the two axes perpendicular to an axis of minimum sensitivity characteristic of the transducer. Responsive to an applied shear force, each shear-pin load transducer can produce an electrical signal proportional to the reaction force. The load sensor can further include a structure for receiving the proportional electrical signals and computing the applied load corresponding to the proportional electrical signals. The computed load can be expressed in terms of a three-dimensional XYZ Cartesian coordinate system.
Rectangular Photonic Crystal Nanobeam Cavities in Bulk Diamond (2017)

We demonstrate the fabrication of photonic crystal nanobeam cavities with rectangular cross section into bulk diamond. In simulation, these cavities have an unloaded quality factor (Q) of over 1 million. Measured cavity resonances show fundamental modes with spectrometer-limited quality factors larger than 14,000 within 1nm of the NV center's zero phonon line at 637nm. We find high cavity yield across the full diamond chip with deterministic resonance trends across the fabricated parameter sweeps.
Self-Assembled Ferrimagnet−Polymer Composites for Magnetic Recording Media (2010)

A self-assembled magnetic recording medium was created using colloidal ferrimagnetic building blocks. Monodisperse cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (CoFe(2)O(4)) were synthesized using solution-based methods and then stabilized in solution using the amphiphilic diblock copolymer, poly(acrylic acid)-b-poly(styrene) (PAA-PS). The acid groups of the acrylate block bound the polymer to the nanoparticle surface via multivalent interactions, while the styrene block afforded the magnetic nanoparticle--polymer complex solubility in organic solvents. Moreover, the diblock copolymer improved the colloidal stability of the ferrimagnetic CoFe(2)O(4) nanoparticles by reducing the strong interparticle magnetic interactions, which typically caused the ferrimagnetic nanoparticles to irreversibly aggregate. The nanoparticle--polymer complex was spin-coated onto a silicon substrate to afford self-organized thin film arrays, with the interparticle spacing determined by the molecular weight of the diblock copolymer. The thin film composite was also exposed to an external magnetic field while simultaneously heated above the glass transition temperature of poly(styrene) to allow the nanoparticles to physically rotate to align their easy axes with the direction of the magnetic field. In order to demonstrate that this self-assembled ferrimagnet--polymer composite was suitable as a magnetic recording media, read/write cycles were demonstrated using a contact magnetic tester. This work provides a simple route to synthesizing stabilized ferrimagnetic nanocrystals that are suitable for developing magnetic recording media.
Symbol Nomenclature for Graphical Representations of Glycans (2015)

Author(s): Varki, Ajit; Cummings, Richard D; Aebi, Markus; Packer, Nicole H; Seeberger, Peter H; Esko, Jeffrey D; Stanley, Pamela; Hart, Gerald; Darvill, Alan; Kinoshita, Taroh; Prestegard, James J; Schnaar, Ronald L; Freeze, Hudson H; Marth, Jamey D; Bertozzi, Carolyn R; Etzler, Marilynn E; Frank, Martin; Vliegenthart, Johannes Fg; Lütteke, Thomas; Perez, Serge; Bolton, Evan; Rudd, Pauline; Paulson, James; Kanehisa, Minoru; Toukach, Philip; Aoki-Kinoshita, Kiyoko F; Dell, Anne; Narimatsu, Hisashi; York, William; Taniguchi, Naoyuki; Kornfeld, Stuart
Data from Distinct Subtypes of Gastric Cancer Defined by Molecular Characterization Include Novel Mutational Signatures with Prognostic Capability (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Gastric cancer is not a single disease, and its subtype classification is still evolving. Next-generation sequencing studies have identified novel genetic drivers of gastric cancer, but their use as molecular classifiers or prognostic markers of disease outcome has yet to be established. In this study, we integrated somatic mutational profiles and clinicopathologic information from 544 gastric cancer patients from previous genomic studies to identify significantly mutated genes (SMG) with prognostic relevance. Gastric cancer patients were classified into regular (86.8%) and hypermutated (13.2%) subtypes based on mutation burden. Notably, TpCpW mutations occurred significantly more frequently in regular, but not hypermutated, gastric cancers, where they were associated with APOBEC expression. In the former group, six previously unreported (&lt;i&gt;XIRP2, NBEA&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;COL14A1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CNBD1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;ITGAV&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;AKAP6&lt;/i&gt;) and 12 recurrent mutated genes exhibited high mutation prevalence (≥3.0%) and an unexpectedly higher incidence of nonsynonymous mutations. We also identified two molecular subtypes of regular-mutated gastric cancer that were associated with distinct prognostic outcomes, independently of disease staging, as confirmed in a distinct patient cohort by targeted capture sequencing. Finally, in diffuse-type gastric cancer, &lt;i&gt;CDH1&lt;/i&gt; mutation was found to be associated with shortened patient survival, independently of disease staging. Overall, our work identified previously unreported SMGs and a mutation signature predictive of patient survival in newly classified subtypes of gastric cancer, offering opportunities to stratify patients into optimal treatment plans based on molecular subtyping. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(7); 1724–32. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Antiviral and Anticancer Optimization Studies of the DNA‐binding Marine Natural Product Aaptamine (2008)

Aaptamine has potent cytotoxicity that may be explained by its ability to intercalate DNA. Aaptamine was evaluated for its ability to bind to DNA to validate DNA binding as the primary mechanism of cytotoxicity. Based on UV-vis absorbance titration data, the K(obs) for aaptamine was 4.0 (+/-0.2) x 10(3) which was essentially equivalent to the known DNA intercalator N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl]-9-aminoacridine-4-carboxamide. Semi-synthetic core modifications were performed to improve the general structural diversity of known aaptamine analogs and vary its absorption characteristics. Overall, 26 aaptamine derivatives were synthesized which consisted of a simple homologous range of mono and di-N-alkylations as well as some 9-O-sulfonylation and bis-O-isoaaptamine dimer products. Each product was evaluated for activity in a variety of whole cell and viral assays including a unique solid tumor disk diffusion assay. Details of aaptamine's DNA-binding activity and its derivatives' whole cell and viral assay results are discussed.
Genetic analysis of D-xylose metabolism by endophytic yeast strains of Rhodotorula graminis and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (2011)

Two novel endophytic yeast strains, WP1 and PTD3, isolated from within the stems of poplar (Populus) trees, were genetically characterized with respect to their xylose metabolism genes. These two strains, belonging to the species Rhodotorula graminis and R. mucilaginosa, respectively, utilize both hexose and pentose sugars, including the common plant pentose sugar, D-xylose. The xylose reductase (XYL1) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XYL2) genes were cloned and characterized. The derived amino acid sequences of xylose reductase (XR) and xylose dehydrogenase (XDH) were 32%∼41% homologous to those of Pichia stipitis and Candida. spp., two species known to utilize xylose. The derived XR and XDH sequences of WP1 and PTD3 had higher homology (73% and 69% identity) with each other. WP1 and PTD3 were grown in single sugar and mixed sugar media to analyze the XYL1 and XYL2 gene regulation mechanisms. Our results revealed that for both strains, the gene expression is induced by D-xylose, and that in PTD3 the expression was not repressed by glucose in the presence of xylose.
Sidelobe-Free Beam-Steering using Optical Phased Arrays for Neural Probes (2021)

We demonstrate implantable neural probes with integrated silicon nitride optical phased arrays (OPAs) fabricated on 200mm wafers for wavelengths near 480nm. A free-propagation slab enables the emission of a single steerable beam from an OPA.
A Case Against Currently Used Hash Functions in RFID Protocols (2006)

Designers of RFID security protocols can choose between a wide variety of cryptographic algorithms However, when implementing these algorithms on RFID tags fierce constraints have to be considered Looking at the common assumption in the literature that hash functions are implementable in a manner suitable for RFID tags and thus heavily used by RFID security protocol designers we claim the following Current standards and state-of-the-art low-power implementation techniques favor the use of block ciphers like the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) instead of hash functions from the SHA family as building blocks for RFID security protocols In turn, we present a low-power architecture for the widely recommended hash function SHA-256 which is the basis for the smallest and most energy-efficient ASIC implementation published so far To back up our claim we compare the achieved results with the smallest available AES implementation The AES module requires only a third of the chip area and half of the mean power Our conclusions are even stronger since we can show that smaller hash functions like SHA-1, MD5 and MD4 are also less suitable for RFID tags than the AES Our analysis of the reasons of this result gives some input for future hash function designs.