gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AC Drive Side Ground Fault Location for DC/AC Systems Based on AC Phases and Grounding Resistor Voltages (2022)

Power converters are essential for process optimization and electric drives control. However, the presence of both dc and ac currents in the same circuit makes the diagnosis and protection of this type of systems difficult. For this reason, a new ground fault location method for the controlled ac drive side of a dc–ac system is presented in this article. It is based on a grounding resistor placed at the midpoint of the dc bus, where its voltage is measured simultaneously with the ac drive side phase-neutral voltages.Applying a phasor operated equation, the faulty phase can be detected by angle comparison. Furthermore, an estimation of the fault location can be obtained. To verify the method, numerous simulations have been performed. The results show certain inaccuracies when the fault is close to the neutral of the system, which is inconvenient since the phasor equation requires precise values. In contrast, the ground arc resistance is not needed in the fault location process. The effectiveness of the method has been also corroborated through experimental tests on a 140 kW power converter, making the ground fault diagnosis in dc–ac systems practical and useful.
Impact of the Selective Orexin‐1 Receptor Antagonist ACT‐539313 on the Pharmacokinetics of the CYP3A Probe Drug Midazolam in Healthy Male Subjects (2020)

ACT-539313 is a potent and selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist. CYP3A is the major cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme involved in the metabolism and clearance of ACT-539313 in man. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of ACT-539313 on the pharmacokinetics of orally administered midazolam. Thereby, this single-center, open-label, fixed-sequence study investigated the CYP3A interaction potential of ACT-539313 following single- (on day 2) and repeated-dose (on day 11) twice-daily administration of 200 mg ACT-539313. Exposure to midazolam was higher during concomitant administration of single as well as after repeated doses of ACT-539313 over 10 days compared to midazolam alone (day 1). In the presence of ACT-539313, the geometric mean ratio of the maximum plasma concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 to 24 hours increased by 1.18- and 1.79-fold on day 2, and by 2.13- and 4.54-fold on day 11, respectively. A similar outcome was also shown in the additionally evaluated urinary 6β-hydroxycortisol/cortisol ratio (6β-CR), as the geometric mean ratio of the 6β-CR showed a decrease to 0.78 on day 2 and to 0.61 on day 11. The most commonly reported adverse events (AEs) included somnolence and headache. All AEs were transient and of mild intensity. No treatment-related effects on vital signs, clinical laboratory, and electrocardiogram were observed. In summary, the observed corresponding decrease of both the validated, exogenous (midazolam/1-hydroxymidazolam ratio) and a frequently used endogenous (6β-CR) marker of CYP3A activity is indicative of CYP3A inhibition occurring after ACT-539313 treatment.
Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) equipment: some practical design issues (2002)

Cellular Digital Packet Data (CDPD) is a new wireless packet data communication system which was developed by a consortium of US cellular service providers to augment cellular voice communications. CDPD provides wireless packet data connectivity to mobile data communications customers. This paper presents an introduction to CDPD networks, various hardware interface challenges, and a software approach to implementing the (83,47) Reed-Solomon error correction code.
Autonomous Systems in Intralogistics – State of the Art and Future Research Challenges (2021)

The paper at hand presents a definition of autonomous intralogistics systems and a classification of intralogistics systems with regard to their degree of autonomy. Intralogistics -; a complex interplay of different logistics functions - covers the organization, control, execution and optimization of internal material and information flows. Over the past two decades, numerous authors have observed and proclaimed an increase in complexity in manufacturing and supply chain operations. A key approach to face this challenge is a paradigm shift from centralized, hierarchical organization structures towards, networked and autonomous systems. Autonomous intralogistics systems enable self-contained, decentralized planning, execution, control, and optimization of internal material and information flows through cooperation and interaction with other systems and with humans.Based on the definition of autonomous intralogistics systems, the authors propose a two-dimensional classification framework covering different automation stages for different intralogistics task levels. The developed classification framework is applied to various industry use cases to evaluate and discuss the state of the art regarding the implementation of autonomous intralogistics systems. Finally, the paper provides an outlook on future research and poses key research questions.
VIOLA : A visual programming tool for the development of Web applications (1997)

We deducted the practical informativeness of STR chimerism, identified the major influencing factors on the practical informativeness of each STR locus, and successfully simulated the efficient STR combination for reliable chimerism analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mercury‐Catalyzed Transetherification Cyclization Leading to Fused Cyclic Polyethers. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EssH Peptidoglycan Hydrolase Enables Staphylococcus aureus Type VII Secretion across the Bacterial Cell Wall Envelope (2018)

The ESAT-6-like secretion system (ESS) of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is assembled in the bacterial membrane from core components that promote the secretion of WXG-like proteins (EsxA, EsxB, EsxC, and EsxD) and the EssD effector. Genes encoding the ESS secretion machinery components, effector, and WXG-like proteins are located in the <i>ess</i> locus. Here, we identify <i>essH</i>, a heretofore uncharacterized gene of the <i>ess</i> locus, whose product is secreted via an N-terminal signal peptide into the extracellular medium of staphylococcal cultures. EssH exhibits two peptidoglycan hydrolase activities, cleaving the pentaglycine cross bridge and the amide bond of <i>N</i>-acetylmuramyl-l-alanine, thereby separating glycan chains and wall peptides with cleaved cross bridges. Unlike other peptidoglycan hydrolases, EssH does not promote the lysis of staphylococci. EssH residues Cys<sup>199</sup> and His<sup>254</sup>, which are conserved in other CHAP domain enzymes, are required for peptidoglycan hydrolase activity and for <i>S. aureus</i> ESS secretion. These data suggest that EssH and its murein hydrolase activity are required for protein secretion by the ESS pathway.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Gene clusters encoding WXG-like proteins and FtsK/SpoIIIE-like P loop ATPases in <i>Firmicutes</i> encode type 7b secretion systems (T7bSS) for the transport of select protein substrates. The <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> T7bSS assembles in the bacterial membrane and promotes the secretion of WXG-like proteins and effectors. The mechanisms whereby staphylococci extend the T7SS across the bacterial cell wall envelope are not known. Here, we show that staphylococci secrete EssH to cleave their peptidoglycan, thereby enabling T7bSS transport of proteins across the bacterial cell wall envelope.
Design, layout and verification of an FPGA using automated tools (2005)

Creating a new FPGA is a challenging undertaking because of the significant effort that must be spent on circuit design, layout and verification. It currently takes approximately 50 to 200 person years from architecture definition to tape-out for a new FPGA family. Such a lengthy development time is necessary because the process is primarily done manually. Simplifying and shortening the design process would be advantageous since it could reduce the time to market for new FPGAs while also enhancing architecture explorations. One way to accomplish this is through automation and, in this paper, we describe our efforts to automate the entire process by making use of a previously developed set of tools that assist in the creation of the repeatable FPGA tile [25]. Our aim is to demonstrate the feasibility of a CAD flow that uses an input FPGA architecture description to generate a layout that can be sent for fabrication. We prove the feasibility of this proposition by actually designing and fabricating a complete FPGA. Initial functional testing of the FPGA appears promising but is inconclusive at this time. Through this architecture to layout process, we investigate the issues that are faced in the architecture selection, circuit design, layout and verification of such an automatically produced FPGA. We found that there are significant savings in design time. As well, we demonstrate that we can produce a layout using automated tools that is only 36% larger than a commercial FPGA device layout. Given the significant time savings and the relatively minor area penalty, we feel that this work demonstrates that automated layout of FPGAs is practical and advantageous.
Abstract 12126: Myocardial Extracellular Volume Imaging by MRI Quantitatively Characterizes Myocardial Infarction and Subclinical Myocardial Fibrosis (2010)

Background: Imaging of fibrosis by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is routinely performed using late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). However, LGE imaging only visualizes relative differences ...
CRISPR's unwanted anniversary (2019)

There are key moments in the history of every disruptive technology that can make or break its public perception and acceptance. For CRISPR-based genome editing, such a moment occurred 1 year ago—an unsettling push into an era that will test how society decides to use this revolutionary technology.
2,5-Dihexylthiophene 1,1-dioxide (2012)

In the title mol-ecule, C16H28O2S, the two n-hexyl groups are in all-trans conformations. Their C atoms are situated close to the plane of the thio-phene ring with a maximum deviation of 0.718 (6) Å for one of the terminal methyl groups. In the crystal, a short C-H⋯O contact is observed between thio-phene 1,1-dioxide groups.
Hypoxia-Selective Antitumor Agents. 15. Modification of Rate of Nitroreduction and Extent of Lysosomal Uptake by Polysubstitution of 4-(Alkylamino)-5-nitroquinoline Bioreductive Drugs (1997)

Studies have shown that 4-(alkylamino)-5-nitroquinolines possess high selectivity (20-60-fold) for hypoxic tumor cells in vitro, but are not active as hypoxia-selective cytotoxins (HSCs) in vivo. The compounds show inadequate rates of extravascular diffusion, likely due both to sequestration of the bisbasic compounds into lysosomes and rapid nitroreduction. A further series of analogues, designed to counteract these limitations, has been synthesized and evaluated. Analogues bearing one to three electron-donating substituents on the quinoline have one-electron reduction potentials up to 100 mV lower than that of the unsubstituted compound (5), but do not have improved biological activity. The relationship between hypoxic selectivity and rates of metabolic reduction suggests at least two mechanisms of cytotoxicity for this series of 5-nitroquinolines. Compounds with high rates of reduction are toxic via oxygen-sensitive net bioreduction, while compounds which are poor substrates for nitroreduction are toxic through an oxygen-insensitive non-bioreductive mechanism. As rates of metabolic reduction are lowered, the non-bioreductive mechanism of toxicity becomes dominant and hypoxic selectivity is lost. A small series of analogues bearing hydrophilic but neutral side chains were also prepared. Compounds with a dihydroxypropyl side chain retained cytotoxic potency and hypoxic cell selectivity in cell culture assays, and had lowered uptake into lysosomes, but none of three analogues evaluated against KHT tumors in mice showed activity as an HSC in vivo.
Targeted Deletion of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 Ameliorates Myocardial Remodeling in Mice With Chronic Pressure Overload (2006)

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play an important role in the extracellular matrix remodeling. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated that MMP 2 and 9 are upregulated in the dilated failing hearts and involved in the development and progression of myocardial remodeling. However, little is known about the role of MMPs in mediating adverse myocardial remodeling in response to chronic pressure overload (PO). We, thus, hypothesized that selective disruption of the MMP 2 gene could ameliorate PO-induced cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction in mice. PO hypertrophy was induced by transverse aortic constriction (TAC) in male MMP 2 knockout (KO) mice (n=10) and sibling wild-type (WT) mice (n=9). At 6 weeks, myocardial MMP 2 zymographic activity was 2.4-fold increased in WT+TAC, and this increase was not observed in KO+TAC, with no significant alterations in other MMPs (MMP 1, 3, 8, and 9) or tissue inhibitors of MMPs (1, 2, 3, and 4). TAC resulted in a significant increase in left ventricular (LV) weight and LV end-diastolic pressure (EDP) with preserved systolic function. KO+TAC mice exerted significantly lower LV weight/body weight (4.2+/-0.2 versus 5.0+/-0.2 mg/g; P<0.01), lung weight/body weight (4.9+/-0.2 versus 6.2+/-0.4 mg/g; P<0.01), and LV end-diastolic pressure (4+/-1 versus 10+/-2 mm Hg; P<0.05) than WT+TAC mice despite comparable aortic pressure. KO+TAC mice had less myocyte hypertrophy (cross-sectional area; 322+/-14 versus 392+/-14 microm2; P<0.01) and interstitial fibrosis (collagen volume fraction; 3.3+/-0.5 versus 8.2+/-1.0%; P<0.01) than WT+TAC mice. MMP 2 plays an important role in PO-induced LV hypertrophy and dysfunction. The inhibition of MMP 2 activation may, therefore, be a useful therapeutic strategy to manage hypertensive heart disease.
Fluorescence Excitation Spectroscopy for Phytoplankton Species Classification Using an All-Pairs Method: Characterization of a System with Unexpectedly Low Rank (2017)

An all-pairs method is used to analyze phytoplankton fluorescence excitation spectra. An initial set of nine phytoplankton species is analyzed in pairwise fashion to select two optical filter sets, and then the two filter sets are used to explore variations among a total of 31 species in a single-cell fluorescence imaging photometer. Results are presented in terms of pair analyses; we report that 411 of the 465 possible pairings of the larger group of 31 species can be distinguished using the initial nine-species-based selection of optical filters. A bootstrap analysis based on the larger data set shows that the distribution of possible pair separation results based on a randomly selected nine-species initial calibration set is strongly peaked in the 410-415 pair separation range, consistent with our experimental result. Further, the result for filter selection using all 31 species is also 411 pair separations; The set of phytoplankton fluorescence excitation spectra is intuitively high in rank due to the number and variety of pigments that contribute to the spectrum. However, the results in this report are consistent with an effective rank as determined by a variety of heuristic and statistical methods in the range of 2-3. These results are reviewed in consideration of how consistent the filter selections are from model to model for the data presented here. We discuss the common observation that rank is generally found to be relatively low even in many seemingly complex circumstances, so that it may be productive to assume a low rank from the beginning. If a low-rank hypothesis is valid, then relatively few samples are needed to explore an experimental space. Under very restricted circumstances for uniformly distributed samples, the minimum number for an initial analysis might be as low as 8-11 random samples for 1-3 factors.
SNEED: Enhancing Network Security Services Using Network Coding and\n Joint Capacity (2010)

Traditional network security protocols depend mainly on developing\ncryptographic schemes and on using biometric methods. These have led to several\nnetwork security protocols that are unbreakable based on difficulty of solving\nuntractable mathematical problems such as factoring large integers.\n In this paper, Security of Networks Employing Encoding and Decoding (SNEED)\nis developed to mitigate single and multiple link attacks. Network coding and\nshared capacity among the working paths are used to provide data protection and\ndata integrity against network attackers and eavesdroppers.\n SNEED can be incorporated into various applications in on-demand TV,\nsatellite communications and multimedia security. Finally, It is shown that\nSNEED can be implemented easily where there are k edge disjoint paths between\ntwo core nodes (routers or switches) in an enterprize network.\n
Hyperspectral imaging of an inter-coastal waterway (2005)

This paper demonstrates the characterization of the water properties, bathymetry, and bottom type of the Indian River Lagoon (IRL) on the eastern coast of Florida using hyperspectral imagery. Images of this region were collected from an aircraft in July 2004 using the Portable Hyperspectral Imager for Low Light Spectroscopy (PHILLS). PHILLS is a Visible Near InfraRed (VNIR) spectrometer that was operated at an altitude of 3000 m providing 4 m resolution with 128 bands from 400 to 1000 nm. The IRL is a well studied water body that receives fresh water drainage from the Florida Everglades and also tidal driven flushing of ocean water through several outlets in the barrier islands. Ground truth measurements of the bathymetry of IRL were acquired from recent sonar and LIDAR bathymetry maps as well as water quality studies concurrent to the hyperspectral data collections. From these measurements, bottom types are known to include sea grass, various algae, and a gray mud with water depths less than 6 m over most of the lagoon. Suspended sediments are significant (~35 mg/m<sup>3</sup>) with chlorophyll levels less than 10 mg/m<sup>3</sup> while the absorption due to Colored Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) is less than 1 m<sup>-1</sup> at 440 nm. Hyperspectral data were atmospherically corrected using an NRL software package called Tafkaa and then subjected to a Look-Up Table (LUT) approach which matches hyperspectral data to calculated spectra with known values for bathymetry, suspended sediments, chlorophyll, CDOM, and bottom type.
Finite element model based temperature consensus control for material microstructure (2015)

This paper considers the active control of the microstructure evolution in a thin film of copper by regulating the temperature distribution using a heater array. A nonlinear finite element model based on heat conduction is used to analyze the system dynamics. As in traditional heat treatment of metal, the control objective is specified as a desired temperature profile. In addition, to avoid excessive temperature gradient which could cause microstructure defects, the temperature gradient in the transient phase should also be minimized. The overall system is a multi-input/multi-output control system. We verify numerically that the system is open loop stable and locally strictly passive. Hence a passive feedback control law would ensure local closed loop stability. The feedback gain is motivated from consensus control, with a graph structure chosen to restrict the temperature spread in the transient phase. With the selected feedback structure, repeated simulation is needed to optimize the feedback gain. To reduce the computation time, we apply the proper orthogonal decomposition technique to obtain a reduced order model, which is then used for the gain optimization process. We demonstrated about 30% computation time reduction in each iteration. We present simulation results comparing fully decentralized independent proportional-integral control, decentralized control augmented by consensus feedback, and consensus feedback together with inverse problem feedforward control. In all cases, close setpoint regulation is achieved, with the consensus control resulting in much smaller temperature gradients in the transient phase.
Interlaboratory Evaluation of in Vitro Cytotoxicity and Inflammatory Responses to Engineered Nanomaterials: The NIEHS Nano GO Consortium (2013)

The results provide justification for the inclusion of mechanism-linked bioactivity assays along with traditional cytotoxicity assays for in vitro screening. In addition, the results suggest that conducting studies with multiple relevant cell types to avoid false-negative outcomes is critical for accurate evaluation of ENM bioactivity.
EFFICACY OF A NEW DEVICE FOR A SUBTROCHANTERIC OSTEOTOMY COMBINED WITH TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (2010)

In the case of a complete dislocated hip or a severe deformity of the proximal femur, total hip arthroplasty (THA) can still be combined with a proximal femoral osteotomy for shortening femur or correcting the deformity if needed. Subtrochanteric femoral shortening and a corrective osteotomy are considered to be an integral part of THA for such cases. A precise osteotomy is mandatory to achieve good results. Although, the freehand excision of V-shaped subtrochanteric osteotomy used to be performed frequently, this procedure was also subject to some pitfalls, such as poor coaptation of the osteotomy surface. A new device was thus developed to perform a V-shaped osteotomy in an identical central axis between the distal and proximal femur. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the device by comparing the perioperative results with those of a free-hand subtrochanteric osteotomy. From 1999 to 2002, THA combined with a double-chevron subtrochanteric osteotomy was performed by free hand (free hand group). From 2003 to 2007, THA combined with a double-chevron subtrochanteric osteotomy was performed using a new device (device group). The free hand group included 27 hips in 21 patients. The mean age of the patients (23 females and 3 males) at the time of the operation was 58 years. Fourteen were completely dislocated hips and 13 followed various proximal femoral osteotomies. The device group included 102 hips in 79 patients. The mean age of thepatients (70 females and 9 males) at the time of the operation was 62 years. Seventy two were completely dislocated hips and 26 followed various proximal femoral osteotomies. Four parameters were used to evaluate the efficacy of the device: operation time, total blood loss, C-reactive protein at postoperative 1 day and early complications at the osteotomy site. The mean operation time, total blood loss, and C-reactive protein in the device group all significantly decreased in comparison to the free hand group. The decreases ranged from; 132 to 96 minutes (p The above described new device allowed for the easy and accurate performance of a subtrochanteric V-shaped osteotomy with THA for either a completely dislocated hip or a severely deformed proximal femur.