gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benzimidazole Nitrogen-Directed, Regiocontrolled, Lithiation of Ferrocenyl- and Phenyl-N-n-butylbenzimidazoles (2006)

2-Ferrocenyl- and 2-phenyl-N-n-butylbenzimidazoles were synthesized to evaluate the influence of the benzimidazole functional group upon their directed lithiation. The regiochemistry of lithiation was studied, as well as the effect of stabilization of the lithiated species by diamine coordination using tetramethyl- ethylenediamine and (-)-sparteine. The lithiations were followed by reaction with a variety of electrophiles to give the disubstituted 2-ferrocenyl- and 2-phenyl-N-n-butylbenzimidazoles compounds. This study showed that despite a simple n-butyl function on the benzimidazole, directed lithiation was readily achieved with high regiocontrol on the ferrocenyl and phenyl groups. (-)-Sparteine failed to provide asymmetric induction in the ferrocene system, and its inefficiency is explained by intramolecular coordination of the lithiated species by the benzimidazole nitrogen, which is preferred over sparteine coordination.
Wavelength selective switch for multi-core fiber based space division multiplexed network with core-by-core switching capability (2016)

We demonstrate a 7-core-MCF 1×4 wavelength selective switch (WSS) for a space division multiplexed network with core-by-core switching capability by a WSS multiplexing technique using spatial and planar optical circuit platform with a laser-inscribed fan-in/fan-out.
Student Activities, Research and Development in High-power Rocket Propulsion and Systems Engineering (2020)

He is currently the structures co-lead within Rocket Propulsion Lab were he has fabricated and assembled the structural components of their teams rockets. As a first year co-lead his team's rocket placed 5th in their division. Growing up in Dubuque
Shiga toxin (Stx) type 2‐induced increase in O‐linked N‐acetyl glucosamine protein modification: a new therapeutic target? (2021)

Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) causes bloody diarrhea, which may progress to the potentially fatal hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). Development of HUS after STEC infection is dependent on Stx, and is particularly linked to Stx type 2a, Stx2a (Melton-Celsa, 2014; Scheutz, 2014). In this issue of EMBO Molecular Medicine, Lee et al report that O-linked N-acetyl glucosamine protein modification (O-GlcNAcylation) is increased in host cells after Stx exposure and the subsequent endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response. The elevated O-GlcNAcylation resulted in elevated inflammatory and apoptotic processes. Inhibition of O-GlcNAcylation with OSMI-1 protected cells from the Stx2a-induced damage. In mice intoxicated with Stx2a, OSMI-1 treatment reduced kidney damage and increased mouse survival.
Stresses in lipid membranes and interactions between inclusions (1995)

This study is devoted to a theoretical model of the membrane-mediated interactions between inclusions (proteins) incorporated into lipid bilayers. The interactions are due to the overlap of the bilayer deformations around each of two approaching inclusions. To determine the resulting stresses in the membrane we have developed an appropriate model of the lipid bilayer, which has been described as an elastic layer (the hydrocarbon-chain region) sandwiched between two Gibbs dividing surfaces (the two headgroup regions). Expressions for the membrane stretching and bending elastic moduli have been derived in terms of the lipid monolayer tension and elastic constants. The interaction between two cylindrical inclusions have been calculated by using both force and energy approaches. The range of this interaction turns out to be of the order of several inclusion radii. The results, which are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations, can be applied to the interpretation of membrane processes and mechanisms, such as protein aggregation in lipid membranes, as well as to any process affected by the membrane stretching and bending elastic properties.
Carbohydrate Molecular Weight Profiling, Sequence, Linkage, and Branching Data: ES-MS and CID (1995)

This section summarizes several strategies for a more complete understanding of carbohydrate structure with a focus on glycolipids and glycoprotein glycans. The techniques include periodate oxidation to impart greater molecular specificity to isomeric glycans, methylation to improve sensitivity and the information content within CID spectra, electrospray for "soft" and efficient ionization, and CID to obtain structural detail. The lipophilicity of the products following derivatization contributes to product cleanup by solvent extraction and enhances sensitivity during ES. When combined with CID information, this yields sequence, linkage, and branching information. Oxidation and reduction preceding methylation augments CID analysis with an altered structure that can be profiled at the same sensitivity. Within the context of established motifs, these contrasting profiles corroborate glycan structure and specifically identify isobaric elements transparent in the initial profile. An earlier report indicating ring-opening fragments were essentially absent in low-energy collisions of methylated and natriated oligosaccharides contrasts our observations. However, as this report used a methylated oligomer containing an internal N-acetylhexose as an illustration, the conclusion is plausible (cf., Figure 9). The poor ionization efficiency of FAB and the high matrix background limit the dynamic range in the CID spectrum and, thereby, the ability to unambiguously identify weaker peaks. It would be expected that high-energy CID affords a broader range of fragment types, including ring-opening fragments. In terms of a structural methodology, this is ambivalent since the increase in fragmentation pathways also applies to small molecule eliminations which are usually less informative. In ES-CID-MS, the carbohydrate chemist has a powerful new tool in hand for structural elucidations that can be conducted at the low-picomole level. Parallel developments can be expected to continue for other ionization methods, in particular matrix-assisted desorption/ionization on linear and reflectron time of flight mass spectrometers, and improvement in the performance and sensitivity of high-resolution mass analyzers through the use of focal plane detectors and more sophisticated hardware and software for Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass measurements. These have, as yet, only begun to be applied to carbohydrate structural analysis but should add still more versatility to experimental design in the future.
Serialization Management for Best-Effort Hardware Transactional Memory (2015)

Most studies of Best-Effort HTM (BE-HTM) performance use a single serialization manager and a single parameter value across all benchmarks, inputs and thread counts. The experimental study in this paper indicates that the values chosen for serialization-manager parameters have a significant effect on performance in the Blue Gene/Q's (BG/Q) BE-HTM system. Moreover, for a given serialization manager, different benchmarks typically require different parameter values to achieve the best performance. BG/Q features two TM settings that represent two different HTM designs. A study of these two settings indicate that serialization-management decisions are also sensitive to changes in the HTM design. Therefore the choice of serialization management, including the tuning parameters, should be reevaluated for each new platform because effectiveness is affected even by relatively small changes to the HTM design.
An area and phase noise improved 19-GHz down-converter VCO for 77-GHz automotive radar frontends in a SiGe Bipolar Production Technology (2008)

A down-converter including a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), buffer, mixer, and prescaler is presented. The fully differential circuit configuration of the down-converter operates in a frequency range from 17.7 GHz to 19.4 GHz at a 5.5 V supply. The overall current consumption at room-temperature is 186 mA. The VCO has been improved in terms of area consumption and phase noise.
Front Matter: Volume 9395 (2015)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 9395, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Emergence and Evolution of H10 Subtype Influenza Viruses in Poultry in China (2015)

After the outbreak of avian-origin H7N9 influenza viruses in China, fatal human infections with a novel H10N8 virus were reported. Utilizing data from 12 years of influenza surveillance in southern China, we showed that H10 viruses were regularly introduced by migratory ducks to domestic ducks on Poyang Lake, a major aggregative site of migratory birds in Asia. The H10 viruses were maintained and amplified in domestic ducks and then transmitted to chickens and reassorted with enzootic H9N2 viruses, leading to an outbreak and human infections at live-poultry markets. The emergence of the H10N8 virus, following a pathway similar to that of the recent H7N9 virus, highlights the role of domestic ducks and the current influenza ecosystem in China that facilitates influenza viruses moving from their reservoir hosts through the live-poultry system to cause severe consequences for public health.
Substrate Affinity of Photosensitizers Derived from Chlorophyll-a: The ABCG2 Transporter Affects the Phototoxic Response of Side Population Stem Cell-like Cancer Cells to Photodynamic Therapy (2010)

Photosensitizers (PS) synthesized with the aim of optimizing photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors do not always fulfill their potential when tested in vitro and in vivo in different tumor models. The ATP-dependent transporter ABCG2, a multidrug resistant pump expressed at variable levels in cancerous cells, can bind and efflux a wide range of structurally different classes of compounds including several PS used preclinically and clinically such as porphyrins and chlorins. ABCG2 may lower intracellular levels of substrate PS below the threshold for cell death in tumors treated by PDT, leaving resistant cells to repopulate the tumor. To determine some of the structural factors that affect substrate affinity of PS for ABCG2, we used an ABCG2-expressing cell line (HEK 293 482R) and its nonexpressing counterpart, and tyrosine kinase ABCG2 inhibitors in a simple flow cytometric assay to identify PS effluxed by the ABCG2 pump. We tested a series of conjugates of substrate PS with different groups attached at different positions on the tetrapyrrole macrocycle to examine whether a change in affinity for the pump occurred and whether such changes depended on the position or the structure/type of the attached group. PS without substitutions including pyropheophorbides and purpurinimides were generally substrates for ABCG2, but carbohydrate groups conjugated at positions 8, 12, 13, and 17 but not at position 3 abrogated ABCG2 affinity regardless of structure or linking moiety. At position 3, affinity was retained with the addition of iodobenzene, alkyl chains and monosaccharides, but not with disaccharides. This suggests that structural characteristics at position 3 may offer important contributions to requirements for binding to ABCG2. We examined several tumor cell lines for ABCG2 activity, and found that although some cell lines had negligible ABCG2 activity in bulk, they contained a small ABCG2-expressing side population (SP) thought to contain cells which are responsible for initiating tumor regrowth. We examined the relevance of the SP to PDT resistance with ABCG2 substrates in vitro and in vivo in the murine mammary tumor 4T1. We show for the first time in vivo that the substrate PS HPPH (2-[1-hexyloxyethyl]-2-devinyl pyropheophorbide-a) but not the nonsubstrate PS HPPH-Gal (a galactose conjugate of HPPH) selectively preserved the SP which was primarily responsible for regrowth in vitro. The SP could be targeted by addition of imatinib mesylate, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor which inhibits the ATPase activity of ABCG2, and prevents efflux of substrates. A PDT resistant SP may be responsible for recurrences observed both preclinically and clinically. To prevent ABCG2 mediated resistance, choosing nonsubstrate PS or administering an ABCG2 inhibitor alongside a substrate PS might be advantageous when treating ABCG2-expressing tumors with PDT.
Development of a drug–disease simulation model for rituximab in follicular non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (2009)

Our model provides a satisfactory prediction of PFS at 24 months. It can be used to simulate new dosing regimens of rituximab in populations of FL patients and should improve the design of future clinical trials.
A Decision Support System for mitigating the seismic risk of electric distribution networks: learnings from the Central Italy earthquake sequence 2016–2017 (2019)

Electrical distribution networks (EDN) are still very vulnerable to natural hazards, including earthquakes. Tools and methods are needed to support and demonstrate the business case to invest in resilience when designing new networks or retrofitting existing ones. EISAC.it, the Italian node of EISAC, Europe Infrastructure Simulation and Analysis Centre, is working towards that. In particular, the paper presents the on-going activities to support the vulnerability assessment and the estimation of earthquake-induced damages and impacts to EDNs via a web-GIS Decision Support System, named CIPCast DSS. Information available on the damage and impacts that the August 24th, 2016, “Amatrice” earthquake caused on the local EDN have been used to advance the taxonomy used to identify possible seismic vulnerable components of EDN and to show how the estimations of the earthquake-induced physical damages provided by CIPcast DSS are consistent with the observed ones. The possibility to define a DSS that can support reliable estimations of damages and impacts strongly rely on the availability of data and information, and therefore on the availability of EDN operators to provide them and to collaborate closely with researchers. This paper would like also to be a call for action towards that.
Effect of Obesity on the Expression of Nutrient Receptors and Satiety Hormones in the Human Colon (2021)

While expression of medium/long chain fatty acid receptor GPR40 was increased in the sigmoid colon of the high BMI group, expression of other nutrient sensing GPCRs, and expression profiles of EECs involved in peripheral mechanisms of appetite regulation were unchanged. Collectively, these data suggest that in human colonic tissue, EEC and nutrient-sensing receptor expression profiles are not affected despite changes to BMI.
Advanced rinse process alternatives for reduction of photolithography development cycle defects (2005)

As linewidths continue to decrease in size, preventing smaller defects is becoming critical to maintaining yield. Defects that are caused during the development cycle and attach themselves to the BARC surface, such as water spots or photoresist residues, have always been a concern and have been usually removed at the expense of throughput. Various options are available to reduce these types of defects but each has disadvantages. One such example is a double puddle develop process. The disadvantage of this process is that the exposure dose may have to be changed. Another example is increasing the rinse time to several minutes with an associated reduction in throughput. This paper will discuss rinse alternatives that have been able to reduce develop type defects by up to 70% while also reducing the wafer-to-wafer variation by up to 80%. This process may have a dramatic increase in throughput by keeping the total rinse time under 20 seconds and may have minimal (less than 2% change) impact on measured linewidth. These rinse processes utilize a quick succession of changing spin speeds and accelerations that are acceptable for 300-mm wafer processing. Surfactant-containing rinse solutions designed to reduce line collapse in 193-nm photoresists were also investigated to determine their effectiveness in reducing post-develop defects in concert with the newly developed water rinse process. The rinse processes that will be discussed will have the flexibility of integrating the surfactant-containing rinse solution while maintaining the shortest possible cycle time. At the same time these processes will reduce defects and pattern collapse.
ChemInform Abstract: Extended Stereocontrol in Silyl Group‐Transfer Cyclizations: Control of Four Contiguous Chiral Centers. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Properties of referral networks: emergence of authority and trust (2003)

Developing, maintaining, and disseminating trust in open environments is crucial. We develop a decentralized approach to trust in the context of service location. Service providers and consumers are modeled as autonomous agents participating in a multiagent system that functions as a referral network. When a service is requested, an agent may provide the requested service or give a referral to another agent. The agents can judge the quality of service obtained. Importantly the agents can adaptively select their neighbors, decide with whom to interact, and choose how to give referrals. \n\nThe agents' actions lead to the evolution of the referral network. We study the emergent properties of referral networks, especially those dealing with their quality, efficiency, and structure. We first show how the exchange of referrals affect locating service providers, then identify undesirable network structures and show under which conditions these network structures emerge.\n\nA referral corresponds to a customized link generated on demand by one agent for another. Referrals thus yield a basis for studying the processes underlying trust and authority, especially as they affect the structure of the evolving social network of agents. Whereas existing work takes an after-the-fact look at Web structure, we can study the emergence of structure as it relates to the policies of the members.\n\nFurther, we propose a graph-based representation of services that can be applied in conjunction with our referrals-based approach. This representation captures natural relationships among service domains and provides a simple means to accommodate the accrual of trust placed in a given party. Using this representation we study how number of interactions and ease at which agents try new providers affect locating trustworthy providers.\n\nThe properties uncovered through this dissertation can serve as guidelines to develop robust referral systems that are both efficient and effective.
Survey of Automotive Privacy Regulations and Privacy-Related Attacks (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Privacy has been a rising concern. The European Union has established a privacy standard called &lt;i&gt;General Data Protection Regulation&lt;/i&gt; (GDPR) in May 2018. Furthermore, the Facebook-Cambridge Analytica data incident made headlines in March 2018. Data collection from vehicles by OEM platforms is increasingly popular and may offer OEMs new business models but it comes with the risk of privacy leakages. Vehicular sensor data shared with third-parties can lead to misuse of the requested data for other purposes than stated/intended. There exists a relevant regulation document introduced by the Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers (“Auto Alliance”), which classifies the vehicular sensors used for data collection as covered and non-sensitive parameters.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper reviews existing privacy standards as well as ongoing efforts in the automotive domain, and surveys the landscape of automotive privacy-related attacks which can be classified into three categories: &lt;i&gt;driver fingerprinting&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;location inferencing&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;driving-behavior analysis&lt;/i&gt;. These three categories are derived from the aforementioned guidelines of covered information. Based on this survey, we define a &lt;i&gt;Privacy Score&lt;/i&gt; (PS), quantifying the risk associated with each vehicular sensor. Sensors contributing to multiple privacy attacks will be assigned a higher PS. Furthermore, combinations of sensors used in privacy attacks must be considered and assessed in the PS metric as some attacks cannot be mounted using a single independent sensor alone.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hierarchical discrete-event simulation on hypercube architectures (1990)

The simulation of systems that include components at varying levels of abstraction is addressed. A performance model of a hierarchical discrete-event simulation algorithm running on a hypercube architecture is presented. The model allows the performance impact of decisions made in the design of the parallel processor as well as in the design of the simulation algorithm to be examined. Three static component partitioning strategies are considered: random partitioning, heuristic partitioning, and simulated annealing. The performance model is applied to digital system simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
System Level Performance Evaluation of LTE-V2X Network (2016)

Vehicles are among the fastest growing type of connected devices. Therefore, there is a need for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication i.e. passing of information from a Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) or Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) and vice versa. In this paper, the main focus is on the communication between vehicles and road side units (RSUs) commonly referred to as V2I communication in a multi-lane freeway scenario. Moreover, we analyze network related bottlenecks such as the maximum number of vehicles that can be supported when coverage is provided by the Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) network. The performance evaluation is assessed through extensive system-level simulations. Results show that new resource allocation and interference mitigation techniques are needed in order to achieve the required high reliability requirements, especially when network load is high.
On Distributed Routing in Underwater Optical Wireless Sensor Networks (2018)

Underwater optical wireless communication (UOWC) is becoming an attractive technology for underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) since it offers high-speed communication links. Although UOWC overcomes the drawbacks of acoustic and radio frequency communication channels such as high latency and low data rate, yet, it has its own limitations. One of the major limitations of UOWC is its limited transmission range which demands to develop a multi-hop network with efficient routing protocols. Currently, the routing protocols for UOWSNs are centralized having high complexity and large end-to-end delay. In this article, first, we present the existing routing protocols for UOWSNs. Based on the existing protocols, we then propose distributed routing protocols to address the problems of high complexity and large end-to-end delay. Numerical results have been provided to show that the proposed routing protocol is superior to the existing protocols in terms of complexity and end-to-end delay. Finally, we have presented open research directions in UOWSNs.
Skin Tensile Properties in Patients Treated for Acromegaly (2002)

The skin in acromegaly appears to be functionally more redundant and elastic than normal skin. The biomechanical changes appear quite different from those observed in other diseases with collagen deposition such as diabetes mellitus and scleroderma.