gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radiation Efficiency-Improvement Using a Via-Less, Planar ZOR Antenna for Wireless ECG Sensors on a Lossy Medium (2014)

The critical issues involving severe radiation efficiency degradations during wireless electrocardiogram (ECG) health monitoring sessions are addressed by devising a monolithic zeroth-order resonance (ZOR) antenna. The presented antenna consists of a composite right/left-handed (CRLH) structure that is realized on a single, planar surface of the flexible printed circuit board (PCB) without the use of any via-holes. This significantly alleviates the complexity and fabrication cost involved with vertically polarized antennas with monopole-like radiation patterns, which are important factors in consumer electronics. Moreover, this letter investigates the practical issues associated with effects of the in-house designed ECG device circuit board, feeding mechanism with the RFIC, as well as the polycarbonate chassis. The finalized antenna is less than <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$0.12\lambda \times 0.08\lambda $</tex></formula> in total horizontal dimension with zero height profile. Measurement confirms the presented antenna features more than 30% radiation efficiency across 80 MHz bandwidth when completely integrated within the ECG sensor device and placed on the human body phantom.
Mixture analysis using factor analysis I: Calibration and quantitation (1989)

Abstract One of the major application areas of factor analysis, multivariate calibration and quantitation, is covered in this review. The algorithms, methodologies and applications covered include principal component regression, target transformation factor analysis, singular value decomposition and rank annihilation factor analysis. Many important areas of research having relevance to multivariate calibration and quantitation problems are also covered in this review, including background correction, measurement error, rank determination, cross‐validation, figures of merit, detection of invalid samples, experimental design, sample selection, statistical inference and wavelength selection.
Conditions for perfect focusing multiple point sources with the SMS design method (2014)

In this work, we demonstrate how it is possible to sharply image multiple object points. The Simultaneous Multiple Surface (SMS) design method has usually been presented as a method to couple N wave-front pairs with N surfaces, but recent findings show that when using N surfaces, we can obtain M image points when N&lt;M under certain conditions. We present the evolution of SMS method, from its basics, to imaging two object points through one surface, the transition from two to three objet points obtained by increasing the parallelism, and getting to the designs of six surfaces imaging up to eight object points. These designs are limited with the condition that the surfaces cannot be placed at the aperture stop. In the process of maximizing the object points to sharp image, we try to exhaust the degrees of freedom of aspherics and free-forms. We conjecture that maximal SMS designs are very close to a good solution, hence using them as a starting point for the optimization will lead us faster to a final optical system. We suggest here different optimization strategies which combined with the SMS method are proven to give the best solution. Through the example of imaging with the high aspect ratio, we compare the results obtained optimizing the rotational lens and using a combination of SMS method and optimization, showing that the second approach is giving significantly smaller value of overall RMS spot diameter.
Minimally invasive microendoscopy-assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion with instrumentation (2005)

The METLIF technique provided an option for percutaneous interbody fusion similar to that in open surgery while minimizing destruction to adjacent tissues. This technique was safe and exhibited a trend toward decreased intraoperative blood loss, postoperative pain, total narcotic use, and the risk of transfusion.
The ePrep‐System: A new electrophoretic approach for DNA isolation from biological samples (2017)

We present a new free-flow electrophoretic separation system that extends the established concepts of nucleic acid migration in an electric field to a broadly applicable preparative scale. The system comprises a disposable flow tube in which the target nucleic acids are separated from impurities by a balanced combination of electrophoretic migration and counter-streaming electroosmotic flow under the influence of an applied external electric field. Despite the complex theoretical background the introduced electrophoretic technology offers simple hardware setup and handling protocols. A variable number of small and disposable flow tubes can be processed in parallel, which largely eliminates the cumulative increase in extraction times inherent to batch processing methods and allows faster throughput of intermediate sample numbers. We demonstrate easy isolation of nucleic acids without user interaction during the run by using existing and well established lysis chemistries. Sample loading is realized by concentrated transfer of DNA-loaded magnetic beads from a lysis reaction into the extraction flow tube. The present study centers on the development of a functional model for the device and the flow tube as well as a preliminary standard extraction protocol. The system is compatible with a broad range of sample types and we present proof of principle data demonstrating its suitability for biomarker detection in translational research applications.
Search for strong production of supersymmetric particles in final states with missing transverse momentum and at least three b-jets at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s} = 8 $$ TeV proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector (2014)

This paper reports the results of a search for strong production of supersymmetric particles in 20.1 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The search is performed separately in events with either zero or at least one high-p T lepton (electron or muon), large missing transverse momentum, high jet multiplicity and at least three jets identified as originated from the fragmentation of a b-quark. No excess is observed with respect to the Standard Model predictions. The results are interpreted in the context of several supersymmetric models involving gluinos and scalar top and bottom quarks, as well as a mSUGRA/CMSSM model. Gluino masses up to 1340 GeV are excluded, depending on the model, significantly extending the previous ATLAS limits.
Graphene nanoplatelet and graphene oxide functionalization of face mask materials inhibits infectivity of trapped SARS-CoV-2 (2021)

Recent advancements in bidimensional nanoparticles production such as graphene (G) and graphene oxide (GO) have the potential to meet the need for highly functional personal protective equipment (PPE) against SARS-CoV-2 infection. The ability of G and GO to interact with microorganisms provides an opportunity to develop engineered textiles for use in PPE and limit the spread of COVID-19. PPE in current use in high-risk settings for COVID transmission provides only a physical barrier that decreases infection likelihood and does not inactivate the virus. Here, we show that virus pre-incubation with soluble GO inhibits SARS-CoV-2 infection of VERO cells. Furthermore, when G/GO-functionalized polyurethane or cotton was in contact SARS-CoV-2, the infectivity of the fabric was nearly completely inhibited. The findings presented here constitute an important innovative nanomaterial-based strategy to significantly increase PPE efficacy in protection against the SARS-CoV-2 virus that may implement water filtration, air purification, and diagnostics methods.
High luminous efficacy green light-emitting diodes with AlGaN cap layer (2016)

We demonstrate very high luminous efficacy green light-emitting diodes employing Al<sub>0.30</sub>Ga<sub>0.70</sub>N cap layer grown on patterned sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition. The peak external quantum efficiency and luminous efficacies were 44.3% and 239 lm/w, respectively. At 20 mA (20 A/cm<sup>2</sup>) the light output power was 14.3 mW, the forward voltage was 3.5 V, the emission wavelength was 526.6 nm, and the external quantum efficiency was 30.2%. These results are among the highest reported luminous efficacy values for InGaN based green light-emitting diodes.
Thermal excitations within and among mesospins in artificial spin ice (2023)

We provide experimental and numerical evidence for thermal excitations within and among magnetic mesospins, forming artificial spin ice structures. At low temperatures, a decrease in magnetization and increase in susceptibility is observed with increasing temperature, interpreted as an onset of thermal fluctuations of the magnetic texture within the mesospins. At elevated temperatures a pronounced susceptibility peak is observed, related to thermally induced flipping of the mesospins and a collapse of the remanent state. The fluctuations, while occurring at distinct length and energyscales, are shown to be tunable by the interaction strength of the mesospins.
Modifications of boronic ester pro-chelators triggered by hydrogen peroxide tune reactivity to inhibit metal-promoted oxidative stress (2007)

Several new analogs of salicylaldehyde isonicotinoyl hydrazone (SIH) and salicylaldehyde benzoyl hydrazone (SBH) that contain an aryl boronic ester (BSIH, BSBH) or acid (BASIH) in place of an aryl hydroxide have been synthesized and characterized as masked metal ion chelators. These pro-chelators show negligible interaction with iron(III), although the boronic acid versions exhibit some interaction with copper(II), zinc(II) and nickel(II). Hydrogen peroxide oxidizes the aryl boronate to phenol, thus converting the pro-chelators to tridentate ligands with high affinity metal binding properties. An X-ray crystal structure of a bis-ligated iron(III) complex, [Fe(SBH(m-OMe)(3))(2)]NO(3), confirms the meridonal binding mode of these ligands. Modifications of the aroyl ring of the chelators tune their iron affinity, whereas modifications on the boron-containing ring of the pro-chelators attenuate their reaction rates with hydrogen peroxide. Thus, the methoxy derivative pro-chelator (p-OMe)BASIH reacts with hydrogen peroxide nearly 5 times faster than the chloro derivative (m-Cl)BASIH. Both the rate of pro-chelator to chelator conversion as well as the metal binding affinity of the chelator influence the overall ability of these molecules to inhibit hydroxyl radical formation catalyzed by iron or copper in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and ascorbic acid. This pro-chelator strategy has the potential to improve the efficacy of medicinal chelators for inhibiting metal-promoted oxidative stress.
Dietary flavonoids may promote health, prevent heart disease (2000)

Nutrients exert measurable effects on biological processes and are among many factors that optimize health by helping to prevent, cure, treat or slow the progression of chronic diseases. Certain plant components (i.e., phytochemicals) may not be considered essential by traditional measures, but are increasingly recognized for their beneficial health effects. In particular, dietary flavonoids may make an important contribution to cardiovascular health. Epidemiological studies have shown that intake of flavonoids may be inversely associated with long-term mortality from coronary heart disease in epidemiological studies. Research with flavonoid-rich foods such as red wine, tea, blueberries and chocolate has demonstrated their antioxidant capacity. However, different flavonoids appear to have varying degrees of effect (e.g., inhibiting the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and most of the flavonoid research has been limited to a few simple flavonoids, rather than a comprehensive investigation of all flavonoids present in the diet or a particular foodstuff. Well-controlled clinical studies are needed to determine whether flavonoids offer true benefits to cardiovascular health and to understand other potential mechanisms, in addition to antioxidant activity, which may be responsible for their protective action.
Centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the charged-particle multiplicity density in Xe–Xe collisions at sNN=5.44TeV (2018)

In this Letter, the ALICE Collaboration presents the first measurements of the charged-particle multiplicity density, dN ch /d, and total charged-particle multiplicity, N tot ch , in Xe-Xe collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon-nucleon pair of s NN = 5.44 TeV. The measurements are performed as a function of collision centrality over a wide pseudorapidity range of -3.5 < < 5. The values of dN ch /d at mid-rapidity and N tot ch for central collisions, normalised to the number of nucleons participating in the collision (N part ) as a function of s NN follow the trends established in previous heavy-ion measurements.
To AND or To OR: On Energy-Efficient Distributed Spectrum Sensing With Combined Censoring and Sleeping (2015)

Distributed spectrum sensing improves the detection reliability of a cognitive radio network but generally comes at the price of a large power consumption. Since cognitive radios are generally low-power sensors with limited batteries, a combined censoring and sleeping scheme is considered as an energy-efficient algorithm for distributed spectrum sensing. Each sensor switches off its sensing module with a specific sleeping rate. When the sensor is on, a censoring policy is employed to send the sensing result to the fusion center. The result is only transmitted, if it is deemed to be informative. Hence, the energy consumption of each sensor, including the sensing and transmission energies, is reduced. The underlying sensing parameters are derived by minimizing the maximum average energy consumption per sensor subject to a lower-bound on the global probability of detection and an upper-bound on the global probability of false alarm. We analyze the problem for the OR and the AND rule and provide a performance analysis for a case study based on the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee standard. It is shown that the combined censoring and sleeping scheme achieves a significant energy saving compared to the case where no censoring or sleeping is taken into account.
LiDAR and UAV SfM-MVS of Merapi Volcanic Dome And Crater Rim Change from 2012 to 2014 (2022)

Spatial approach based on the deformation measurement of volcanic dome and crater rim is key to evaluate the activity of a volcano, such as Merapi volcano where associated disaster risk is regularly taking lives. Within this framework, this study aime to detect localized deformation and change in the summit area that has occurred concomitantly with the dome growth and explosion reported. The methodology was focused on two sets of data, one LiDAR-based dataset of 2012 and one UAV-dataset of 2014. The results show that during the period 2012-2014, the crater walls are 100 m to 120 m high above the crater floor at its maximum (North to East-South-East sector), while the West and North sector presents a topographic range of 40 to 80 m. During the period 2012 &amp;ndash; 2014, the evolution of the crater rim around the dome is generally stable (no large collapse). The opening of a new vent on the surface of the dome has displaced an equivalent volume of 2.04 E+04 m3 corresponding to a maximum -9 m (+/- 0.9 m) vertically. This concludes that during the period 2012 &amp;ndash; 2014 when the dome of Merapi experienced phreatic or phreatomagmatic explosions, the topography around the dome rose. This rise does not seem to be related to large wall collapses, and it is likely that modification in the subsurface have triggered those changes.
Normalization of Autonomic Function in Children With Coarctation of the Aorta After Surgical Correction in Infancy (2009)

No abstract available. Letter to the Editor.
Precision Measurement of CP Violation in B[0 over s] → J/ΨK[superscript +]K[superscript −] Decays (2015)

The time-dependent CP asymmetry in B[0 over s] → J/ψK[superscript +]K[superscript -] decays is measured using pp collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb[superscript -1], collected with the LHCb detector at center-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. In a sample of 96 000 B[0 over s] → J/ψK[superscript +]K[superscript -] decays, the CP-violating phase ϕ[subscript s] is measured, as well as the decay widths Γ[subscript L] and Γ[subscript H] of the light and heavy mass eigenstates of the B[0 over s]–[bar over B][0 over s] system. The values obtained are ϕ[subscript s] = -0.058 ± 0.049 ± 0.006 rad, Γ[subscript s] ≡ (Γ[subscript L] + Γ[subscript H])/2 = 0.6603 ± 0.0027 ± 0.0015 ps[superscript -1], and ΔΓ[subscript s] ≡ Γ[subscript L] - Γ[subscript H] = 0.0805 ± 0.0091 ± 0.0032 ps[superscript -1], where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second, systematic. These are the most precise single measurements of those quantities to date. A combined analysis with B[0 over s] → J/ψπ[superscript +]π[superscript -] decays gives ϕ[subscript s] = -0.010 ± 0.039 rad. All measurements are in agreement with the standard model predictions. For the first time, the phase ϕ[subscript s] is measured independently for each polarization state of the K[superscript +]K[superscript -] system and shows no evidence for polarization dependence.
Thermal mismatch strains in sidewall functionalized carbon nanotube/polystyrene nanocomposites (2005)

We present an unusual temperature dependence of thermal strains in 4-(10-hydroxy)decyl benzoate (HDB) modified SWNTPS (SWNT-single wall carbon nanotube, PS-polystyrene) nanocomposites. The strain transfer from the matrix to nanotubes in these nanocomposites, inferred from the frequency change of the Raman active tangential modes of the nanotubes, is enhanced strongly below 300 K, whereas it is vanishingly small at higher temperatures. The increased strain transfer is suggestive of reinforcement of the HDB-SWNTPS nanocomposites at low temperatures. On the other hand, the pristine SWNTs couple weakly to the PS matrix over the entire temperature range of 4.5-410 K. We argue that the strain transfer in HDB-SWNTPS is determined by the thermomechanical properties of the interface region composed of polystyrene plasticized by the tethered alkanelike modifier.
Adenovirus-mediated manganese superoxide dismutase gene transfer to hamster cheek pouch carcinoma cells. (1997)

As a first step in evaluating the tumor suppressor activity of the manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) gene on established tumors in vivo, we used adenovirus-mediated gene transfer as a means of delivering the MnSOD cDNA to hamster cheek pouch carcinoma (HCPC-1) cells in vitro. HCPC-1 cells were transduced with the adenovirus-MnSOD construct (AdMnSOD) at multiplicities of infectivity (MOI) of 0, 10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 MOI or with the adenovirus-LacZ reporter gene construct (AdLacZ) at 100 MOI. Dose-dependent increases in MnSOD immunoreactivity were seen on Western blotting and indirect immunofluorescence microscopy with increasing AdMnSOD titers. Maximal immunoreactivity was observed at 100 MOI AdMnSOD with both techniques. Moreover, we observed a concomitant 6-7-fold increase in MnSOD activity compared with parental cell levels that also peaked at 100 MOI AdMnSOD. To determine the effect of transgene-expressed MnSOD on tumor cell behavior, we examined cell growth, plating efficiency, and anchorage-dependent growth in soft agar. Cell number measured on day 13 decreased approximately 50% with 100 MOI AdMnSOD (P < 0.05) compared with parental cells. Moreover, cell doubling time increased from 38 to 44 h with 100 MOI AdMnSOD. Plating efficiency and cell growth in soft agar decreased approximately two-thirds with 100 MOI AdMnSOD (P < 0.001). These assays of the transformed phenotype in vitro all appeared to show maximal effect with 100 MOI AdMnSOD. As tumor growth in vivo is most predictable by a combination of these in vitro data, our results suggest that if MnSOD can be effectively delivered to a tumor in vivo using the adenovirus paradigm, effective tumor growth suppression can be observed.
Moment Arms Of Shoulder Muscles During Movement (2005)

Accurate prediction of muscle forces with a musculoskeletal model requires reasonable reproduction of the moment arms of the muscles. Moment arm (MA) affects muscle force prediction in two ways: The MA of a muscle about a particular joint affects the torque that muscle can produce and is related to the length of that muscle as the joint moves through a range of motion. PURPOSE The in vitro studies of Kuechle et al. (1997, 2000) determined the MA of many of the muscles spanning the shoulder using a tendon excursion method. Our purpose was to verify the MA calculations of a detailed model of the upper extremity developed by Garner and Pandy (2000, 2001). METHODS An upper extremity computer model was used to calculate the MA of the muscles spanning the shoulder during movements of the glenohumeral joint described by Kuechle et al. (1997, 2000). The upper extremity model was based on the Visible Human Male (VHM) and equipped with obstacle sets to represent bony structures along its muscle paths (Garner and Pandy, 2000). Similar to the in vitro experiments, MA was computed using the tendon excursion method. The scapula was fixed and the humerus was guided to move with respect to scapula in the same way as in the in vitro experiments. A total of eight different shoulder movements were simulated. RESULTS Overall, the MAs matched well with in vitro studies (Figure 1). However, the magnitudes of the MAs in the upper extremity model tended to be higher than those reported by Kuechle et al. (1997, 2000).FigureCONCLUSIONS The MAs predicted by the model reasonably match the results of Kuechle et al. (1997, 2000). Some differences in magnitudes may be due to the size of the specimen on which the model is based (VHM). This MA validation study supports the prediction of muscle and joint reaction force using the upper extremity model. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Support was provided in part by the NFL Charities Foundation, The Steadman-Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, and the University of Texas at Austin.
Theory of electroluminescence intensity and insights into recombination in thin film solar cells (2010)

Equations describing the electroluminescence (EL) intensity as a function of material properties are derived for thin film solar cells and experimentally validated using Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells. EL intensity at constant voltage is controlled by the electronic properties of the neutral bulk even when the diode current is controlled by recombination in the space charge region. Using a combination of techniques, it is found that recombination in the quasineutral bulk does not correlate with recombination in the space charge region. Differences between EL measurements on thin film cells and crystalline silicon cells are discussed including the effects of secondary barriers.
MICA: a mapped interconnection-cached architecture (2002)

MICA (Mapped Interconnection-Cached Architecture) is a novel architecture combining large reconfigurable networks and small, fast on-line routing, crossbar switches. It offers a good match for parallel applications exhibiting switching locality. Switching locality means that the need to "switch" or route the information to or from each PE is limited to a small set of sources or destinations. A parallel programming paradigm to attempt and minimize the movement of information by reconfiguring the relative proximity of the PEs is introduced. We aim to complete most communication requests with only two levels of routing decisions among a small set of channels. Multi-hop routing is not used as often, resulting in better performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>