gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of Heat Transfer Characteristics of Gap Leakage Around a Misaligned Component Interface (1998)

In an attempt to understand the effects of leakage through a component-to-component interface on the turbine end wall heat transfer, this paper describes an experimental efforts on examining the detailed heat transfer characteristics near a leaking gap. Geometric misalignment around the gap is modeled by either a forward-facing step or a backward-facing step. Heat transfer measurement here uses a temperature-sensitive fluorescent imaging of a thermographic phosphor (TGP). The TGP technique reveals detailed distribution of local heat transfer coefficient and adiabatic wall temperature in the vicinity of the leakage. The results suggest that, for a given leakage-to-mainstream mass flow ratio, the adiabatic wall temperature closes to the level of leakage temperature and is relatively insensitive to the nature of misalignment. On the outer hand, however, the value of heat transfer coefficient varies strongly with misalignment and streamwise location relative to the gap. Overall, the leakage thickens the approaching boundary layer and significantly extends the length of reattachment downstream compared to the corresponding cases without leakage. To further qualify the TGP technique, which is relatively new for transient measurement of local heat transfer, an analysis toward its efficacy in resolving complex convective system is developed in this study. One of the main advantages that TGP inherits is its capability of determining both heat transfer coefficient and reference temperature based on a single test. Other methods, such as the transient liquid crystal technique, generally require separate tests each with different thermal conditions.
Deducing the pathogenic contribution of recessive ABCA4 alleles in an outbred population (2010)

Accurate prediction of the pathogenic effects of specific genotypes is important for the design and execution of clinical trials as well as for meaningful counseling of individual patients. However, for many autosomal recessive diseases, it can be difficult to deduce the relative pathogenic contribution of individual alleles because relatively few affected individuals share the same two disease-causing variations. In this study, we used multiple regression analysis to estimate the pathogenicity of specific alleles of ABCA4 in patients with retinal phenotypes ranging from Stargardt disease to retinitis pigmentosa. This analysis revealed quantitative allelic effects on two aspects of the visual phenotype, visual acuity (P < 10(-3)) and visual field (P < 10(-7)). Discordance between visual acuity and visual field in individual patients suggests the existence of at least two non-ABCA4 modifying factors. The findings of this study will facilitate the discovery of factors that modify ABCA4 disease and will also aid in the optimal selection of subjects for clinical trials of new therapies.
Single Bacteria Movement Tracking by Online Microscopy – A Proof of Concept Study (2015)

In this technical report we demonstrate a low-cost online unit allowing movement tracking of flagellated bacteria on a single-cell level during fermentation processes. The system's ability to distinguish different metabolic states (viability) of bacteria by movement velocity was investigated. A flow-through cuvette with automatically adjustable layer thickness was developed. The cuvette can be used with most commercially available laboratory microscopes equipped with 40× amplification and a digital camera. In addition, an automated sample preparation unit and a software module was developed measuring size, moved distance, and speed of bacteria. In a proof of principle study the movement velocities of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB42 during three batch fermentation processes were investigated. In this process the bacteria went through different metabolic states, vegetative growth, diauxic shift, vegetative growth after diauxic shift, and sporulation. It was shown that the movement velocities during the different metabolic states significantly differ from each other. Therefore, the described setup has the potential to be used as a bacteria viability monitoring tool. In contrast to some other techniques, such as electro-optical techniques, this method can even be used in turbid production media.
Mixed Metal Thiophosphate Fe2–xCoxP2S6: Role of Structural Evolution and Anisotropy (2021)

Metal chalcophosphates, M<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>Q<sub>6</sub> (M = transition metals; Q = chalcogen), are notable among the van der Waals materials family for their potential magnetic ordering that can be tuned with an appropriate choice of the metal or chalcogen. However, there has not been a systematic investigation of the basic structural evolution in these systems with alloying of the crystal subunits due to the challenge in the diffusion process of mixing different metal cations in the octahedral sites of M<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>Q<sub>6</sub> materials. In this work, the P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>5</sub> flux method was used to enable the synthesis of a multilayered mixed metal thiophosphate Fe<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0, 0.25, 1, 1.75, and 2) system. Here, we studied the structural, vibrational, and electronic fingerprints of this mixed M<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>Q<sub>6</sub> system. Structural and elemental analyses indicate a homogeneous stoichiometry averaged through the sample over multiple layers of Fe<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> compounds. It was observed that there is a correlation between the intensity of specific phonon modes and the alloying concentration. The increasing Co alloying concentration shows direct relations to the in-plane [P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub>]<sup>4-</sup> and out-of-plane P-P dimer vibrations. Interestingly, an unusual nonlinear electronic structure dependence on the metal alloying ratio is found and confirmed by two distinct work functions within the Fe<sub>2-<i>x</i></sub>Co<sub><i>x</i></sub>P<sub>2</sub>S<sub>6</sub> system. We believe this work provides a fundamental structural framework for mixed metal thiophosphate systems, which may assist in future studies on electronic and magnetic applications of this emerging class of binary cation materials.
Triply convergent synthesis of (-)-prostaglandin E2 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriply convergent synthesis of (-)-prostaglandin E2Carl R. Johnson and Thomas D. PenningCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 18, 5655–5656Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00278a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00278a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views635Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A novel chemogenomics analysis of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and their ligands: a potential strategy for receptor de-orphanization (2010)

We constructed a phylogenetic classification of GPCRs that is solely based on the ligands of these receptors. The similarities and differences with traditional sequence-based classifications were investigated: our ligand-based classification uncovers relationships among GPCRs that are not apparent from the sequence-based classification. This will shed light on potential cross-reactivity of GPCR ligands and will aid the design of new ligands with the desired activity profiles. In addition, we linked the ligand-based classification with a ligand-focused sequence-based classification described in literature and proved the potential of this method for de-orphanization of GPCRs.
Context-modulation of hippocampal dynamics and deep convolutional networks (2017)

Complex architectures of biological neural circuits, such as parallel processing pathways, has been behaviorally implicated in many cognitive studies. However, the theoretical consequences of circuit complexity on neural computation have only been explored in limited cases. Here, we introduce a mechanism by which direct and indirect pathways from cortex to the CA3 region of the hippocampus can balance both contextual gating of memory formation and driving network activity. We implement this concept in a deep artificial neural network by enabling a context-sensitive bias. The motivation for this is to improve performance of a size-constrained network. Using direct knowledge of the superclass information in the CIFAR-100 and Fashion-MNIST datasets, we show a dramatic increase in performance without an increase in network size.
Consistent Change Point Detection for Piecewise Constant Signals With Normalized Fused LASSO (2017)

We consider the problem of offline change point detection from noisy piecewise constant signals. We propose normalized fused LASSO (FL), an extension of the FL, obtained by normalizing the columns of the sensing matrix of the LASSO equivalent. We analyze the performance of the proposed method, and in particular, we show that it is consistent in detecting change points as the noise variance tends to zero. Numerical experiments support our theoretical findings.
Search for new physics in final states with a single photon and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2019)

A bstract A search is conducted for new physics in final states containing a photon and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV, using the data collected in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 . 9 fb −1 . No deviations from the predictions of the standard model are observed. The results are interpreted in the context of dark matter production and models containing extra spatial dimensions, and limits on new physics parameters are calculated at 95% confidence level. For the two simplified dark matter production models considered, the observed (expected) lower limits on the mediator masses are both 950 (1150) GeV for 1 GeV dark matter mass. For an effective electroweak-dark matter contact interaction, the observed (expected) lower limit on the suppression parameter Λ is 850 (950) GeV. Values of the effective Planck scale up to 2.85–2.90 TeV are excluded for between 3 and 6 extra spatial dimensions.
Field Trial With a FTTH/PON Monitoring Technique Based on Unique Wavelength-Selective Mirror Combinations [Invited] (2013)

Passive optical network (PON) monitoring with as many as 1024 subscribers encounters difficulties due to high splitting losses and drop fiber differentiation problems. In this work a novel concept for monitoring PONs for fiber to the home (FTTH) access, which is based on concatenated wavelength-selective mirrors, has been investigated in a field trial. At each subscriber a unique mirror combination is installed. Binomial coefficients guarantee that each mirror combination in a given PON is used only once. The field trial has been performed successfully with a PON consisting of 37&#xA0;km deployed standard single-mode fiber and up to 1&#x2236;32 passive optical power splitting causing a total one-way attenuation of at least 30.7&#xA0;dB. Different subscribers located at equal distances from the optical time domain reflectometry could be distinguished and identified individually. For the measurement setup only low-cost components were used.
The decomposition of methanol on Ru(001) studied using laser induced thermal desorption (1987)

The decomposition reaction of methanol on Ru(001) was studied using laser induced thermal desorption (LITD). The LITD studies, combined with temperature programmed desorption and Auger electron spectroscopy measurements, allowed absolute product yields for the three competing surface pathways to be determined over the entire range of chemisorbed methanol coverages at a heating rate of β=2.6 K/s. At the lowest methanol coverages of θ≤0.07θs, where θs is the surface coverage of a saturated chemisorbed layer, all the methanol reacted between 220–280 K. This methanol decomposition reaction yielded desorption-limited H2 and CO as reaction products. At higher coverages, molecular desorption and the second methanol decomposition reaction involving C–O bond breakage became increasingly important. At θ=θs, 50% of the initial methanol coverage desorbed, 24% produced H2 and CO and 26% left C on the surface. Isothermal LITD kinetic measurements were carried out at low methanol coverages of θ≤0.07θs at various temperatures from 180 to 220 K. The initial decomposition rates obtained from the isothermal LITD studies displayed first order kinetics. The decomposition kinetics at later times could not be fit by first order kinetics and suggested a self-poisoned reaction. Subsequent LITD studies revealed that CO inhibited the decomposition reaction. The product CO inhibition was modeled by first order kinetics with a CO-coverage dependent activation barrier. The observed first order reaction kinetics at low methanol coverage could be expressed by the pre-exponential ν=106 s−1 and the coverage-dependent activation barrier E=7 kcal/mol+αθCO/θCO,s, where α=20 kcal/mol and θCO/θCO,s is the dimensionless CO coverage normalized to the CO saturation coverage θCO,s. Isotopic LITD studies revealed that the decomposition kinetics of CH3OH, CD3OH, and CH3OD were identical. This equivalence suggested that the hindered rotation of the surface methoxy species is the reaction coordinate for the rate-limiting step in the decomposition reaction.
Performance of Coimmobilized Yeast and Amyloglucosidase in a Fluidized Bed Reactor for Fuel Ethanol Production (1997)

The performance of coimmobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae and amyloglucosidase (AG) was evaluated in a fluidized-bed reactor. Soluble starch and yeast extracts were used as feed stocks. Conversion of soluble starch streams to ethanol has potential practical applications in corn dry and wet milling and in developmental lignocellulosic processes. The biocatalyst performed well, and demonstrated no significant loss of activity or physical integrity during 10 wk of continuous operation. The reactor was easily operated and required no pH control. No operational problems were encountered from bacterial contaminants even though the reactor was operated under nonsterile conditions over the entire course of experiments. Productivities ranged between 25 and 44 g ethanol/L/h/. The experiments demonstrated that ethanol inhibition and bed loading had significant effects on reactor performance.
Computer-guided porous materials design: from rationalization to prediction (2017)

Organic molecules will tend to pack in dense crystal structures, avoiding the formation of voids. However, the generally less energetically favourable arrangement of molecules into porous crystal structures show important advantages in applications such as gas storage, separation or catalysis. Weak -electrostatic and dispersive-intermolecular interactions dominate molecular packing and are the origin of the unpredictability that seems to surround their crystallization. Thus, the rational design of new materials for technological applications will be limited by the ability to reliably anticipate: (i) the final crystal structure formed and (ii) the physico-chemical properties of such a material.
pulSED: pulsed sonoelectrodeposition of fractal nanoplatinum for enhancing amperometric biosensor performance (2016)

For the first time, we combine pulsed electrodeposition with out-of-phase pulsed sonication for controlled synthesis of fractal nanoplatinum structures as the transducer layer in electrochemical sensing. We develop and test this technique, called bimodal pulsed sonoelectrodeposition (pulSED), as a simple approach for creating highly conductive transducer nanometals for use in sensing and biosensing. We first compared the efficiency of pulSED nanoplatinum to other pulsed electrodeposition techniques, and then explored the effect of duty cycle and plating time on electroactive surface area and nanoparticle size/morphology. The developed pulSED nanoplatinum displayed fractal features with a relatively homogenous size distribution (26.31 ± 1.3 nm) and extremely high electroactive surface (0.28 ± 0.04 cm(2)) relative to other electroplating techniques (up to one order of magnitude higher). A high duty cycle (900 mHz) promotes formation of stable nanostructures (including fractal nanostructures) and reduces amorphous structure formation due to bubble cavitation and enhanced mass transport of metal ions to the electrode surface. To demonstrate the applicability of the pulSED technique, non-enzymatic and enzymatic sensors were developed for measuring hydrogen peroxide and glucose. The sensitivity for non-enzymatic peroxide sensing (3335 ± 305 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)), non-enzymatic glucose sensing (73 ± 14 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) and enzymatic glucose biosensing (155 ± 25 μA cm(-2) mM(-1)) was higher than, or similar to, other nanomaterial-mediated amperometric sensors reported in the literature. The pulSED technique is a one pot method for tunable synthesis of nanometal structures as a transducer layer in electrochemical sensing and biosensing that requires no precursors or capping agents, and can be carried out at room temperature with inexpensive hardware.
Control of Power in Dynamic Wireless Power Transfer Systems With the use of PWM-Synchronized Sampling Technique (2021)

In this article, with the use of a new technique of sampling, the transmission of power in a wireless power transfer system is controlled. The set-points of power to be controlled can be defined according to predefined tariffs or lookup tables. This technique can pave the way for the future use of the segmented wireless power transfer modules by making them more independent and controllable. In the proposed control technique, power is controlled in a simple feedback loop. The way of sampling, however, is novel, and it is carried out by taking samples synchronized by the power converter PWM signals. Therefore, with the use of this technique, one can control and stabilize the plant by taking the minimum possible samples from the plant. This technique is validated by simulations conducted in MATLAB/Siumulink and ANSYS/Maxwell.
Evaluation of the respiratory route as a viable portal of entry for Salmonella in poultry via intratracheal challenge of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium (2014)

Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that primary infection of Salmonella is by the oral-fecal route for poultry. However, the airborne transmission of Salmonella and similar enteric zoonotic pathogens has been historically neglected. Increasing evidence of Salmonella bioaerosol generation in production facilities and studies suggesting the vulnerabilities of the avian respiratory architecture together have indicated the possibility of the respiratory system being a potential portal of entry for Salmonella in poultry. Presently, we evaluated this hypothesis through intratracheal (IT) administration of Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, as separate challenges, in a total of 4 independent trials, followed by enumeration of cfu recovery in ceca-cecal tonsils and recovery incidence in liver and spleen. In all trials, both Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium, challenged IT colonized cecae to a similar or greater extent than oral administration at identical challenge levels. In most trials, chickens cultured for cfu enumeration from IT-challenged chicks at same dose as orally challenged, resulted in an increase of 1.5 log higher Salmonella Enteritidis from ceca-cecal tonsils and a much lower dose IT of Salmonella Enteritidis could colonize ceca to the same extent than a higher oral challenge. This trend of increased cecal colonization due to IT challenge was observed with all trails involving week-old birds (experiment 2 and 3), which are widely considered to be more difficult to infect via the oral route. Liver-spleen incidence data showed 33% of liver and spleen samples to be positive for Salmonella Enteritidis administered IT (10(6) cfu/chick), compared with 0% when administered orally (experiment 2, trial 1). Collectively, these data suggest that the respiratory tract may be a largely overlooked portal of entry for Salmonella infections in chickens.
A Rapid Reverse Phase Evaporation Method for the Reconstitution of Uncharged Thylakoid Membrane Lipids That Resist Hydration (1984)

Comparison of several lipid reconstitution methods showed that they were not equally efficient at transferring the predominant thylakoid lipid, monogalactosyldiglyceride (MG), to the aqueous phase. We report a reverse phase evaporation method that employs Freon 11 as a lipid solvent and is capable of successfully hydrating MG in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) at room temperature within minutes. Using this method it is possible to force an equal weight mixture of MG and digalactosyldiglyceride into small bilayer vesicles without the formation of inverted micellar ;lipidic particles' in the membranes.
Epitope Enhancement of a CD4 HIV Epitope toward the Development of the Next Generation HIV Vaccine (2006)

Virus-specific CD4+ T cell help and CD8+ cytotoxic T cell responses are critical for maintenance of effective immunity in chronic viral infections. The importance of CD4+ T cells has been documented in HIV infection. To investigate whether a stronger CD4+ T cell response can be induced by modifications to enhance the T1 epitope, the first CD4+ T cell epitope discovered in HIV-1-gp120, we developed a T1-specific CD4+ T cell line from a healthy volunteer immunized with a canarypox vector expressing gp120 and boosted with recombinant gp120. This T1-specific CD4+ T cell line was restricted to DR13, which is common in U.S. Caucasians and African-Americans and very frequent in Africans. Peptides with certain amino acid substitutions in key positions induced enhanced specific CD4+ T cell proliferative responses at lower peptide concentration than the original epitope. This relatively conserved CD4 epitope improved by the epitope enhancement strategy could be a component of a more effective second generation vaccine construct for HIV infection.