gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Memory ordering in modern microprocessors, Part II (2005)

Linux R ○ has supported a large number of SMP systems based on a variety of CPUs since the 2.0 kernel. Linux has done an excellent job of abstracting away differences among these CPUs, even in kernel code. One important difference is how CPUs allow memory accesses to be reordered in SMP systems. SMMP Hardware Memory accesses are among the slowest of a CPU’s operations, due to the fact that Moore’s law has increased CPU instruction performance at a much greater rate than it has increased memory performance. This difference in performance increase means that memory operations have been getting increasingly expensive compared to simple register-to-register instructions. Modern CPUs sport increasingly large caches in order to reduce the overhead of these expensive memory accesses. These caches can be thought of as simple hardware hash table with fixed size buckets and no chaining, as shown in Figure 1. This cache has sixteen “lines ” and two “ways ” for a total of 32 “entries”, each entry containing a single 256-byte “cache line”, which is a 256byte-aligned block of memory. This cache line size is a little on the large size, but makes the hexadecimal arithmetic much simpler. In hardware parlance, this is a two-way set-associative cache, and is analogous to a software hash table with sixteen buckets, where each bucket’s hash chain is limited to at most two elements. Since this cache is implemented in hardware, the hash function is extremely simple: extract four bits from the memory address. In Figure 1, each box corresponds to a cache entry, which can contain a 256-byte cache line. However, a cache entry can be empty, as indicated by the empty boxes in the figure. The rest of the boxes are flagged with the memory address of the cache line that they contain. Since the cache lines must be 256-byte aligned, the low eight bits of each address are zero, and the choice of hardware hash function means that the next-higher four bits match the hash line number. The situation depicted in the figure might arise if the program’s code were located at address 0x43210E00 through 0x43210EFF, and this program accessed data sequentially from 0x12345000 through 0x12345EFF.
queryCategorizr (2015)

Understanding interests expressed through user's search query is a task of critical importance for many internet applications. To help identify user interests, web engines commonly utilize classification of queries into one or more pre-defined interest categories. However, majority of the queries are noisy short texts, making accurate classification a challenging task. In this demonstration, we present queryCategorizr, a novel semi-supervised learning system that embeds queries into low-dimensional vector space using a neural language model applied on search log sessions, and classifies them into general interest categories while relying on a small set of labeled queries. Empirical results on large-scale data show that queryCategorizr outperforms the current state-of-the-art approaches. In addition, we describe a Graphical User Interface (GUI) that allows users to query the system and explore classification results in an interactive manner.
Speech perception performance as a function of stimulus pulse rate and processing strategy preference for the Cochlear™ Nucleus®CI24RE device: Relation to perceptual threshold and loudness comfort profiles (2010)

Current cochlear implants can operate at high pulse rates. The effect of increasing pulse rate on speech performance is not yet clear. Habituation to low rates may affect the outcome. This paper presents the results of three subsequent studies using different experimental paradigms, applying the Nucleus CI24RE device, and conducted by ten European implant teams. Pulse rate per channel varied from 500 to 3500 pulses per second with ACE and from 1200 to 3500 pps with CIS strategy. The results showed that the first rate presented had little effect on the finally preferred rate. Lower rates were preferred. The effect of pulse rate on word scores of post-linguistic implantees was small; high rates tended to give lower scores. However, there were no significant differences between the word scores across subjects if collected at the individually preferred pulse rate. High pulse rates were preferred when the post-implantation threshold was low.
Grid fault and design-basis for wind turbines - Final report (2010)

max. 2000 char.): This is the final report of a Danish research project “Grid fault and design-basis for wind turbines”. The objective of this project has been to assess and analyze the consequences of the new grid connection requirements for the fatigue and ultimate structural loads of wind turbines. The fulfillment of the grid connection requirements poses challenges for the design of both the electrical system and the mechanical structure of wind turbines. The development of wind turbine models and novel control strategies to fulfill the TSO’s requirements are of vital importance in this design. Dynamic models and different fault ride-through control strategies have been developed and assessed in this project for three different wind turbine concepts (active stall wind turbine, variable speed doublyfed induction generator wind turbine, variable speed multipole permanent magnet wind turbine). A computer approach for the quantification of the wind turbines structural loads caused by the fault ride-through grid requirement, has been proposed and exemplified for the case of an active stall wind turbine. This approach relies on the combination of knowledge from complimentary simulation tools, which have expertise in different specialized design areas for wind turbines. In order to quantify the impact of the grid faults and grid requirements fulfillment on wind turbines structural loads and thus on their lifetime, a rainflow and a statistical analysis for fatigue and ultimate structural loads, respectively, have been performed and compared for two cases, i.e. one when the turbine is immediately disconnected from the grid when a grid fault occurs and one when the turbine is equipped with a fault ride-through controller and therefore it is able to remain connected to the grid during the grid fault. Different storm control strategies, that enable variable speed wind turbines to produce power at wind speeds higher than 25m/s and up to 50m/s without substantially increasing the structural loads, have also been proposed and investigated during the project. Statistics in terms of mean value and standard deviation have been analysed and rainflow calculations have been performed to estimate the impact over the lifetime of a variable speed wind turbine. ISSN 0106-2840 ISBN 978-87-550-3789-2 Contract no.: Energinet.dk 2006 1 6319 Group's own reg. no.: 1115058-01
Surface Normal Electro-Absorption Modulators as Colorless Upstream Transmitters in a WDM Passive Optical Network (2022)

We demonstrate a WDM passive optical network that uses high-speed, polarization-independent surface normal modulators as upstream 25-Gb/s transmitters. A band of CW wavelengths, sourced at the optical line terminal, establishes the upstream channels. System performance in our single-fiber architecture is limited by Rayleigh backscattering, but is below the FEC threshold.
Quantum-information processing with ferroelectrically coupled quantum dots (2001)

A proposal is described to construct a quantum-information processor using ferroelectrically coupled Ge/Si quantum dots. The spin of single electrons form the fundamental qubits. Small-diameter (10 nm) Ge quantum dots are optically excited to create spin-polarized electrons in Si. The static polarization of an epitaxial ferroelectric thin film confines electrons laterally in the semiconductor; spin interactions between nearest-neighbor electrons are mediated by the nonlinear process of optical rectification. Single-qubit operations are achieved through ``g-factor engineering'' in the Ge/Si structures; spin-spin interactions occur through Heisenberg exchange, controlled by ferroelectric gates. A method for reading out the final state, while required for quantum computing, is not described; approaches involving single-electron transistors may prove fruitful in satisfying this requirement.
Variable frequency microwave curing of photosensitive polyimides (2001)

Variable frequency microwave (VFM) curing was investigated as a means of rapid curing of two photosensitive polyimides. The properties of two polymers, PI 2734 and Ultradel 7501, cured by convective heating and VFM curing were compared. The results of this study indicate that rapid VFM curing of these polymers is feasible. Complete imidization was possible. The most significant differences in properties between VFM and thermally cured films were in the electrical properties due to the slow evolution of chemical products.
Recent Reviews. 39 (1996)

Reviews are listed in order of appearance in the sources indicated. In multidisciplinary review journals, only those reviews which fall within the scope of this Journal are included. Sources are listed alphabetically in three categories: regularly issued review journals and series volumes, contributed volumes, and other monographs. Titles are numbered serially, and these numbers are used for reference in the index. Major English-language sources of critical reviews are covered. Encyclopedic treatises, annual surveys such as Specialist Periodical Reports, and compilations of symposia proceedings are omitted. This installment of Recent Reviews covers principally the middle part of the 1995 literature. Previous installment: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60(20), 6642−50. These Recent Review articles are now also available in a database form on the ACS Organic Division WWW site http://www.organic.emory.edu/acsorg/.
Interleukin-33 deficiency resulted in severe neuroretinal degeneration in retinal detachment (2018)

Purpose : Müller cells are the principal glia in the retina and plays an essential role in maintaining retinal homeostasis and neuron cell functions. Interleukin 33 (IL-33), a member of the IL1 family, is exclusively expressed in the nuclei of Müller cells in the neural retina. IL-33 has diverse roles in immunity and inflammation although its role in Müller cell patho-physiology remains largely unknown. This study investigated the role of endogenous IL-33 to Müller glial function using a mouse model of retinal detachment (RD).<br/><br/><br/>Methods : RD was induced in adult C57BL/6J (WT) and IL-33-/- mice by subretinal injection of sodium hyaluronate (2 μl/eye). Eyes were collected at different days after RD induction for immunohistochemistry (IHC) and RT-PCR. Scotopic ERG was performed at D28 post RD. Primary Müller cells from WT and IL-33-/- mice were cultured and exposed to normoxic or hypoxic conditions. Expression of neurotrophic factors were examined by RT-PCR. 661W Photoreceptors were treated with Müller cell conditioned medium and cell viability was examined using AlamarBlue viability assay.<br/><br/><br/>Results : Following RD, in WT mice, the expression of inflammatory cytokines including IL-1b, IL-6, CCL2, IL-33 was significant increased at Day 1; and then reduced gradually and returned to basal level by D28. IHC showed that IL-33 was exclusively located in the nuclei of Müller cells in both normal and RD retina. In IL-33-/- mice, RD induced acute inflammation; CCL2 and GFAP expression and immune cells infiltration was sustained for at least 28 days. The numbers of cone arrestin+ photoreceptors, GABAergic amacrine cells and ganglion cells were significantly lower in IL33-/- RD mice compared to WT RD mice. ERG revealed lower a- and b-wave amplitudes at D28 post-RD in IL-33-/- mice compared to WT RD mice. Primary Müller cells from IL-33-/- mice expressed significantly less neurotrophic factors including nerve growth factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor compared to WT Müller cells. IL-33-/- Müller cells failed to upregulate GS under hypoxia conditions.<br/><br/><br/>Conclusions : IL-33-/- mice developed more severe retinal pathology following Retinal Detachment, and this is accompanied by sustained inflammation and reduced neurotrophic factor expression. Our data suggest that IL33 may have multiple roles in Müller cell function: (1) it may negatively control Müller cell activation, but (2) positively regulate neurotrophic factor expression.
NANOSCALE DISPENSING OF LIQUIDS WITH AFM-CANTILEVER (2006)

The demand for tools suitable for deposition of small amount of material is continuously increasing. A standard SiN cantilever was modified in order to dispense single droplets of femto- and ato-liter (NAnoscale DISpensing (NADIS)). In order to open a nano fluid channel, holes down to 100 nm were milled in the apex of the cantilever using FIB. The liquid to dispense is loaded on the top-side of the cantilever extremity.
ChemInform Abstract: SELENIUM‐SULFUR ANALOGS. 1. SYNTHESIS AND BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF SELENOTETRAMISOLE (1978)

Abstract Phenacylbromid (I) reagiert mit 2‐Amino‐selenazolin (II) zum Substitutionsprodukt (III), das nach Reduktion zum Carbinol (IV) mit konz. Schwefelsäure zu (V) cyclisiert wird.
[Antihypertensive treatment guideline for elderly hypertension]. (2001)

Recently published Hypertension Treatment Guideline by Japanese Society of Hypertension (JSH2000) contains several unique suggestions for treatment of elderly hypertension in particular. In general, the therapeutic goal of blood pressure in the elderly is set at a higher level than that in the young. For the patients of age 70 and over blood pressure should be controlled less than 150-160 mmHg. The following drugs are recommended as the first line drug in the elderly hypertension: 1. long-acting Ca antagonists, 2. ACE inhibitors (or angiotensin II antagonists) and 3. small dose of diuretics. Combination therapy should be considered when monotherapy of more than 2 to 3 months is not successful to reduce blood pressure below 150/90 mmHg.
Path Computation Element Communication Protocol (PCEP) Extension for Label Switched Path (LSP) Diversity Constraint Signaling (2020)

This document introduces a simple mechanism to associate a group of
Label Switched Paths (LSPs) via an extension to the Path Computation
Element (PCE) communication Protocol (PCEP) with the purpose of
computing diverse (disjointed) paths for those LSPs. The proposed
extension allows a Path Computation Client (PCC) to advertise to a PCE
that a particular LSP belongs to a particular disjoint-group, thus the
PCE knows that the LSPs in the same group need to be disjoint from
each other.
QUALITY OF LIFE OUTCOMES AFTER BRACHYTHERAPY FOR EARLY STAGE PROSTATE CANCER (2000)

At an average of 7.5 months after treatment the general health related quality of life of patients undergoing brachytherapy with and without pretreatment external beam radiation was similar to age matched controls, although urinary, bowel and sexual problems were reported. These problems appeared to improve during the first year after treatment. Much of the impairment in disease specific health related quality of life among patients undergoing brachytherapy may be attributed to pretreatment radiation.
37‐3: Power consumption of OLED and μLED displays (2020)

High optical efficiency and low power consumption are critical for display devices. We have analyzed and compared the power consumption of AMOLED and AM‐μLED displays for smartphones, notebooks and TVs under the same ambient contrast ratio. OLED exhibits a lower power consumption than μLED at low luminance, but μLED takes over at high luminance.
Photophysics And Spectroscopy Of Surface Adlayers: Pyrene On Al 2 O 3 (1120) (1989)

Electronic absorption and laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy were used to examine pyrene adsorbed on Al203(1120) in UHV as a function of surface coverage and adlayer order. The absorption maximum of the So-&gt;S2 transition shifted from &lambda; = 337 nm at &theta; = 0.13 ML to &lambda; = 349 nm at &theta; &ge; 3.0 ML. The observed frequency shifts were explained in terms of dispersion interactions that stabilize the energy of the excited state due to the polarization of the surrounding dielectric. The fluorescence spectrum at 21 K exhibited both monomer and excimer emission. The relative amount of excimer emission increased as the coverage was increased from &theta; = 0.30 ML to &theta; = 4.5 ML. Likewise, the fluorescence spectrum was temperature-dependent between 21 and 150 K. As the temperature was increased, the monomer fluorescence intensity decreased while the excimer fluorescence intensity increased. This temperature dependence, together with xenon overlayer studies, suggested that the excimer formation was dependent on pyrene surface mobility. Absorption and fluorescence measurements also indicated that the pyrene adlayer crystallized on the Al203(1120) surface when the adlayer was annealed above 230 K.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF 2‐ACYLOXY‐3‐CHLORO‐2‐CHLOROMETHYLPROPANAMIDES WITH POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE OR CESIUM FLUORIDE IN A HETEROGENEOUS MEDIUM: SYNTHESIS OF SPIRO β‐LACTAMS (1985)

Abstract Die gewünschten Spirolactame des Typs (IV) lassen sich, wie im Formelschema gezeigt, ausgehend von den Amiden (I) sowohl über die Stufe der Epoxide (II) als auch über die Stufe der β‐Lactame (III) (Ausb. sehr unterschiedlich‐ Tab.) synthetisieren.
Evaluating the Mean Completion Time of a Fork-Join Barrier Synchronization (1993)

In this paper we analyze the mean completion time of a fork-join barrier synchronization for a parallel program model proposed in previous literature. The task service times in the model are derived from the total job demand by ratios of uniform random variables. We first compute an analytic expression for the mean time to barrier completion, S(n), for jobs that have n tasks. This expression is an alternating series of combinatorial terms that is numerically unstable for large values of n if summed in straightforward manner. We next derive an alternate method of computing S(n) that consists of an infinite series of positive terms that sums to less than 1. We obtain error estimates for truncated sums of this series and using the error estimates compute S(n) to a desired level of accuracy. Finally, we compare estimates of the mean time to barrier completion with other common models of parallel program task execution times. The main emphasis of this paper is on the techniques used to de...
Assembly and Electronic Applications of Colloidal Nanomaterials (2016)

Artificial solids and thin films assembled from colloidal nanomaterials give rise to versatile properties that can be exploited in a range of technologies. In particular, solution-based processes allow for the large-scale and low-cost production of nanoelectronics on rigid or mechanically flexible substrates. To achieve this goal, several processing steps require careful consideration, including nanomaterial synthesis or exfoliation, purification, separation, assembly, hybrid integration, and device testing. Using a ubiquitous electronic device - the field-effect transistor - as a platform, colloidal nanomaterials in three electronic material categories are reviewed systematically: semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics. The resulting comparative analysis reveals promising opportunities and remaining challenges for colloidal nanomaterials in electronic applications, thereby providing a roadmap for future research and development.
Cognitive Radio Protocols Based on Exploiting Hybrid ARQ Retransmissions (2010)

This paper addresses user coexistence in cognitive radio systems by taking advantage of opportunities that arise during ARQ retransmission. It is shown that if these opportunities are properly exploited, nontrivial rates can be made available to a secondary (cognitive) pair while impinging little or no interference on the primary pair. This can be accomplished with an oblivious primary system and without assuming any non-causal information at the secondary about the primary data. Several protocols are devised that work with varying amounts of channel state information about the cognitive and primary links. The protocols are further extended to the scenario where multiple cognitive receivers exist. Performance analysis of the protocols is presented and their effectiveness is verified via simulations.
A memory of eS25 loss drives resistance phenotypes (2020)

In order to maintain cellular protein homeostasis, ribosomes are safeguarded against dysregulation by myriad processes. Remarkably, many cell types can withstand genetic lesions of certain ribosomal protein genes, some of which are linked to diverse cellular phenotypes and human disease. Yet the direct and indirect consequences from these lesions are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we studied in vitro and cellular consequences that follow genetic knockout of the ribosomal proteins RPS25 or RACK1 in a human cell line, as both proteins are implicated in direct translational control. Prompted by the unexpected detection of an off-target ribosome alteration in the RPS25 knockout, we closely interrogated cellular phenotypes. We found that multiple RPS25 knockout clones display viral- and toxin-resistance phenotypes that cannot be rescued by functional cDNA expression, suggesting that RPS25 loss elicits a cell state transition. We characterized this state and found that it underlies pleiotropic phenotypes and has a common rewiring of gene expression. Rescuing RPS25 expression by genomic locus repair failed to correct for the phenotypic and expression hysteresis. Our findings illustrate how the elasticity of cells to a ribosome perturbation can drive specific phenotypic outcomes that are indirectly linked to translation and suggests caution in the interpretation of ribosomal protein gene mutation data.
Lid-wiper epitheliopathy and dry-eye symptoms in contact lens wearers. (2002)

This study describes a new clinical condition, lid-wiper epitheliopathy, an alteration of the epithelium of that portion of the marginal conjunctiva of the upper eyelid that wipes the ocular surface, diagnosed by staining with fluorescein and rose bengal dyes.
Synthesizing a Multiband LTCC Bandpass Filter With Specified Transmission- and Reflection-Zero Frequencies (2014)

This paper presents a vertically expandable low-temperature cofired ceramic (LTCC) bandpass filter (BPF) structure to increase the number of operating bands of the BPF without changing the area of the footprint. To design efficiently the proposed LTCC BPFs with highly configurable passbands and stopbands, a new method of synthesizing multiband BPF prototypes with specified transmission- and reflection-zero frequencies is developed. A dual-band BPF and a triple-band BPF were designed and implemented in LTCC. Both BPFs have the same area of 1.25×2.0 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Comparisons of the S-parameters among the synthesized prototypes, postlayout simulations and measurements exhibit a strong correlation.
Search for Baryon-Number Violating Ξb0 Oscillations (2017)

A search for baryon-number violating Ξ_{b}^{0} oscillations is performed with a sample of pp collision data recorded by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb^{-1}. The baryon number at the moment of production is identified by requiring that the Ξ_{b}^{0} come from the decay of a resonance Ξ_{b}^{*-}→Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{-} or Ξ_{b}^{'-}→Ξ_{b}^{0}π^{-}, and the baryon number at the moment of decay is identified from the final state using the decays Ξ_{b}^{0}→Ξ_{c}^{+}π^{-},Ξ_{c}^{+}→pK^{-}π^{+}. No evidence of baryon-number violation is found, and an upper limit at the 95% confidence level is set on the oscillation rate of ω<0.08 ps^{-1}, where ω is the associated angular frequency.
A multi-regression framework to improve diagnostic ability of optical coherence tomography retinal biomarkers to discriminate mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Accounting for interindividual variations of ocular anatomical features in cpRNFL measurements and incorporating macular information may improve the identification of high-risk individuals with early cognitive impairment.