gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Counterflow flame extinction of ammonia and its blends with hydrogen and C1-C3 hydrocarbons (2022)

Ammonia as a fuel offers the potential to avoid carbon emissions, but its combustion is hindered by low reactivity. Here, the extinction limits of NH3 and NH3 plus reactivity enhancers were measured in the counterflow laminar non-premixed flames. A stable NH3-N2 flame was established with an oxygen-enriched oxidizer stream, and when the fuel was blended with CH4, C2H6, C3H8, and H2. For blended mixtures, results showed that CH4 has the least potential to enhance the stability of NH3 flames compared to the other additives. The extinction limits of C2H6 and C3H8 blended NH3 flames are nearly identical. At low percentage addition, H2-blended flames extinguish earlier than those blended with C1-C3 hydrocarbons, but this trend is reversed at higher H2 blends. Experimental conditions were simulated using Okafor et al. 2018 model and an extended Zhang et al 2021 model developed here. The models captured the measured trends, including the crossover between NH3-H2 and NH3-C2/C3 hydrocarbon fuels. Quantitatively, both models under-predicted the extinction limits of NH3-N2/enriched oxidizer flame. Better quantitative agreement is observed for the blended fuels using the model developed here. Discrepancies have been observed in the reported rates for reactions involving HNO (+OH, H), and if addressed, could improve models' capability in predicting extinction behavior in non-premixed flames. Numerical analyses were carried out to understand the kinetic coupling between NH3 and H2/C2-C3 in counter-flow flames. Extinction limits of NH3-C2-C3/H2 flames are shown to be affected by H abstraction and NH3 related chain termination reactions, heat producing reactions, and chain branching reactions. It has also been observed that at high blending ratios, C2H6/C3H8 addition in NH3 flames reduced the peak H and OH concentration via recombination and termination reactions, which compete with branching pathways. H2-blended flames are mostly influenced by reactions producing active radicals.
The potential of antisense oligonucleotide therapies for inherited childhood lung diseases (2018)

Antisense oligonucleotides are an emerging therapeutic option to treat diseases with known genetic origin. In the age of personalised medicines, antisense oligonucleotides can sometimes be designed to target and bypass or overcome a patient's genetic mutation, in particular those lesions that compromise normal pre-mRNA processing. Antisense oligonucleotides can alter gene expression through a variety of mechanisms as determined by the chemistry and antisense oligomer design. Through targeting the pre-mRNA, antisense oligonucleotides can alter splicing and induce a specific spliceoform or disrupt the reading frame, target an RNA transcript for degradation through RNaseH activation, block ribosome initiation of protein translation or disrupt miRNA function. The recent accelerated approval of eteplirsen (renamed Exondys 51™) by the Food and Drug Administration, for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, and nusinersen, for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy, herald a new and exciting era in splice-switching antisense oligonucleotide applications to treat inherited diseases. This review considers the potential of antisense oligonucleotides to treat inherited lung diseases of childhood with a focus on cystic fibrosis and disorders of surfactant protein metabolism.
JS1.4 Neurological follow-up of neurotoxicity after CAR T cell therapy in lymphoma patients: A French neurological multi-center survey (2019)

Abstract BACKGROUND Chimeric antigen receptor-modified T (CAR T) cell therapy is a highly promising treatment for haematological malignancies but is frequently associated with cytokine-release syndrome (CRS) and neurotoxicity. The physiopathological mechanisms of neurological complications and their links with CRS remain largely unknown. The aims of this study are: a) to follow-up longitudinally patients treated with CAR-T cell therapy; b) to exhaustively identify neurological signs and symptoms and; c) to describe their occurrence over time. MATERIAL AND METHODS Since September 2018, all patients treated with CD19-targeted CAR T cell therapy for relapsing lymphoma were systematically followed-up and monitored for signs of neurotoxicity by a neurologist. Five different centres (Paris-Saint-Louis, Nantes, Lyon, Montpellier, and Rennes) participated in this study. RESULTS As of April 1st 2019, 57 patients, mean age 49 years (range from 22 to 72 years, median age 50 years), 22 females / 35 males, all treated for lymphoma, were included in this study Neurotoxicity, defined as the presence of at least one neurological sign or symptoms appearing after treatment infusion, was present in 33 % of patients. The median time to onset was 7.5 days after infusion with a median duration of symptoms of 5 days. Neurological symptoms were: Encephalopathy (52%), cerebellar syndrome (26%), aphasia (15%), agraphia (15%), executive syndrome (10%), myoclonus (10%), dysarthria (10%), meningismus (5%), transverse myelitis (5%), seizure (5%), neuralgia (5%), and dysesthesia (5%). The severity grade of neurotoxicity was grade 4: 2 patients, Grade 3: 7 patients, grade 2: 5 patients and grade 1: 5 patients (CTCAE grading). CRS was observed in 75% of patients. All patients who developed neurological disorders also had CRS (grade 1: 68%, grade 2: 10%, grade 3: 15%, grade 4: 5%) that preceded neurotoxicity. As the study is still ongoing, updated results will be presented at the EANO meeting. CONCLUSION Neurotoxicity associated with CAR-T therapies occurs in one third of patients. This high frequency underlines the need: 1 - to neurologically assess all patients before and repeatedly after therapy infusions; 2 - to provide guidelines for neurological assessment and relevant investigations to improve early recognition of neurotoxicity and its management
Impulse response of the switching charge-density-wave conductorNbSe3 (1993)

When a switching charge-density-wave (CDW) conductor is driven with a rectangular voltage pulse, the CDW begins to slide only after a delay \ensuremath{\tau}. We present detailed measurements of the impulse response of the charge-density-wave conductor ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ as a function of the pulse height, temperature, and initial configuration. We find that the average conduction delay \ensuremath{\tau}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{} has an activated temperature dependence for pulse heights sufficiently far above threshold: \ensuremath{\tau}\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}\ensuremath{\propto}exp(${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{a}}$/${\mathit{k}}_{\mathit{B}}$T), where ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{a}}$=24.1\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.2 meV, comparable to the CDW gap. We have also performed numerical experiments based on a model which includes the interaction of the CDW with uncondensed electrons. Within this model, we can account for the polarization dependence of the threshold for sliding and the dependence of the conduction delay on the pulse height. If we assume that the ungapped carriers in ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{3}$ do not screen the motion of the CDW, then the Arrhenius temperature dependence of the delayed conduction can also be explained. The excellent qualitative agreement between theory and experiment provides a compelling argument that switching behavior arises from the interaction of the CDW with uncondensed carriers.
Spatial separation of sensitizer and fluorescent emitter for high quantum efficiency in hyperfluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (2018)

A quantum efficiency improving device approach to harvest singlet excitons of fluorescent emitters was developed by sequential deposition of sensitizer-doped emitting layer and fluorescent emitter doped emitting layer.
Polymers and Environment II. Metathesis Degradation of Partially Hydrogenated cis-1,4-Polybutadiene with Ethylene. (1993)

三塩化ネオジム・テトラヒドロフラン錯体とトリエチルアルミニウムからなる触媒系を用いて得られた高シス1, 4-ポリブタジエンをウィルキンソン触媒を用いて部分水素化し, 主鎖に二重結合を有するポリエチレン類似体を合成した. このポリマーを大過剰のエチレン存在下で六塩化タングステン/テトラメチルスズ/n-プロピルアセテート系触媒を用いてメタセシス分解し, α, ω-ジビニルポリエチレン類似オリゴマーを得た. 水素化ポリブタジェンとその分解オリゴマーを1H NMR, 13C NMR, DSC, GPCなどにより詳細に解析した. 得られた結果をもとに, 部分水素化およびメタセシス分解の機構について検討した.
TLR8 activation shifts neutrophils from phagocytosis to NETosis through furin-dependent shedding of FcgRIIA (2016)

Abstract Background Immune complex (IC)-mediated formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) has emerged as a mechanism to increase the autoantigenic burden as well as promote the prominent type I interferon (IFN) signature seen in patients with the autoimmune disease systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the current study was to explore properties of ICs regulating their ability to induce phagocytosis and NETosis. Results Whereas immobilized IgG, mimicking tissue-deposited ICs, induced NETs in a TLR-independent manner, both FcgR- and TLR-engagement were required for induction of NETosis by soluble RNA-ICs, as demonstrated by FcgR blocking antibodies as well as RNase-treatment. Despite that degradation of RNA inhibited NETosis, removal of the TLR ligand by RNase markedly increased the phagocytosis of RNA-ICs by neutrophils suggesting that TLR activation suppressed phagocytosis. Consistent with this hypothesis, addition of a TLR8 agonist (R848) inhibited phagocytosis of ICs, but not beads, in neutrophils. Mechanistically, we observed that TLR8 induced ROS-dependent activation of the serine protease furin, participating in shedding of cell surface FcgRIIA reducing the phagocytic capacity but promoting progression into NETosis. Conclusions i) In the fluid phase, both FcgRIIA and TLR8 ligation are necessary for IC-mediated NETosis; ii) TLR8 activation induces furin-mediated shedding of FcgRIIA, thereby inhibiting further phagocytosis of ICs but enabling NETosis. Therapeutic approaches aimed at degrading the TLR8 ligand, such as RNases, would be predicted to increase uptake of circulating ICs, while disarming their inflammatory potential and ability to induce NETs.
Constructive Interference in Linear Precoding Systems: Power Allocation\n and User Selection (2013)

The exploitation of interference in a constructive manner has recently been\nproposed for the downlink of multiuser, multi-antenna transmitters. This novel\nlinear precoding technique, herein referred to as constructive interference\nzero forcing (CIZF) precoding, has exhibited substantial gains over\nconventional approaches; the concept is to cancel, on a symbol-by-symbol basis,\nonly the interfering users that do not add to the intended signal power. In\nthis paper, the power allocation problem towards maximizing the performance of\na CIZF system with respect to some metric (throughput or fairness) is\ninvestigated. What is more, it is shown that the performance of the novel\nprecoding scheme can be further boosted by choosing some of the constructive\nmultiuser interference terms in the precoder design. Finally, motivated by the\nsignificant effect of user selection on conventional, zero forcing (ZF)\nprecoding, the problem of user selection for the novel precoding method is\ntackled. A new iterative, low complexity algorithm for user selection in CIZF\nis developed. Simulation results are provided to display the gains of the\nalgorithm compared to known user selection approaches.\n
Type 2 Diabetes and Obesity (2001)

The association between obesity and Type 2 diabetes has been observed in both cross-sectional and prospective studies. While there is a continuous increase in risk of Type 2 diabetes with rising body mass, the relationship is complicated by the effects of duration of obesity, distribution of body fat, physical activity, ethnicity, family history, and possible fetal and early infant growth rate. This chapter reviews these confounding factors and considers how they might modify the obesity-Type 2 diabetes relation.
ChemInform Abstract: SPIRO(4,4)NONATETRAENE AND SPIRO(4,4)NONA‐1,3,7‐TRIENE (1974)

Abstract 1. Das aus Malonester (I) und Allylbromid (II) erhältliche Malonat (IIa) wird über die freie Disäure (IIb) und das Dichlorid (IIc) in das Spiroketon (III) übergeführt, dessen Reduktion das Diol (IV) liefert.
Targeted In Vivo Labeling of Receptors for Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2003)

Identification of the ischemic state via targeted radiolabeling of hypoxia-induced angiogenic receptors is possible. This approach could be useful for monitoring the efficacy of revascularization strategies such as therapeutic angiogenesis.
Structural and Molecular Basis of the Role of Starch and Sucrose in Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Development (2008)

The interaction of sucrose and starch with bacterial glucosyltransferases and human salivary amylase may enhance the pathogenic potential of Streptococcus mutans within biofilms by influencing the structural organization of the extracellular matrix and modulating the expression of genes involved in exopolysaccharide synthesis and specific sugar transport and two-component systems.
Supplementary figures and tables from Follicular B Lymphomas Generate Regulatory T Cells via the ICOS/ICOSL Pathway and Are Susceptible to Treatment by Anti-ICOS/ICOSL Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;This file contains 3 Supplementary Figures and 1 supplementary table Supplementary Figure S1:ICOSL expression on immune cells in lymphoma and on cell line by flow cytometry Supplementary Figure S2: Antagonist anti-ICOS Abs favor upregulation of ICOSL on FL B cells and on murine B cells Supplementary Figure S3: Inhibition of FL B cells proliferation by Tregs Supplemntary Table S1: Monoclonal antibodies used for flow cytometry&lt;/p&gt;
Sarcoma L-1 in mice as a model for the study of experimental angiogenesis (2007)

In this paper animal model for in vivo study of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors is described. The L-1 sarcoma, tumor which spontaneously arose in the lung of Balb/c mouse is maintained in vivo and was adapted to the growth in vitro. The L-1 cells from in vitro culture after injection under the Balb/c mice skin form tumors which then could be further transplanted, and used in the experiments in which we can observed vascularization, tumor growth and hemoglobin content in the tumors. The attitude of this model is that we used the same L-1 sarcoma cells in consecutive experiments from the stock L-1 cells obtained from in vitro culture, and saved in LN2. The paper describes some parameters of activity of L-1 sarcoma cells taken from LN2 collection, after various in vivo passages. Angiogenic activity of tumor cells was comparable in all studied passages except that it is a little higher during the third passage. The highest blood supply was present in the tumors during the second and fifth passages. The highest growth L-1 tumors during 14-days was observed in the third passage. For TIA tests cell suspensions from the passage 2 nd to the passage 6 th may be used interchangeably. However, use of the tumors of similar mass (about 300 mg) is recommended what should assure better standardization of the method. L-1 sarcoma cells from 4 th passage were used for estimation of the effect of two low-molecular weight heparins, enoxaparine and nadroparine, on tumor growth after subcutaneous grafting and on neovascular reaction after intradermal injection of these cells. Nadroparine significantly increased, and enoxaparine significantly decreased neovascular reaction and tumor growth.
Fabrication of aluminum borate whisker reinforced AZ91D magnesium alloy composites by semi-solid process and their mechanical properties (2001)

Abstract In order to develop a light weight piston for an automobile engine, aluminum borate whisker reinforced AZ91D magnesium alloy composites were fabricated by a semi-solid material process using squeeze casting. By controlling the solid fraction, f s, and the rate of the infiltration into the preform, we succeeded in reinforcing a part of the cast alloy without deformation of the preform. The tensile strength of the alloy/composites interface fabricated by semi-solid (50% f s, solid fraction in the semi-solid slurry) process was 120 MPa, and it was equal to the strength by conventional 0% f s process. However, the flexural strength of the composite by the 50% f s process was about 10% lower than the strength of that from the 0% f s process, 498 MPa. After solid solution and aging treatment, the bending strength of the composites in both 0% and 50% f s process was decreased. This might be caused by the notch effect of Mg2Si compound produced between SiO2 binder of the preform and magnesium during heat treatment. Keywords: METAL MATRIX COMPOSITESSEMI-SOLIDSQUEEZE CASTING
Supplementary Figure S4 from Reduced Proteolytic Shedding of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Is a Post-Translational Mechanism of Kinase Inhibitor Resistance (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4. Corresponding to Ab-microarray results (Fig. 4A), the enrichment score trace for the bottom-ranked gene-set in the GSEA shows an increase in secreted (not shed) cytokines with MEKi.&lt;/p&gt;
History and Fundamentals of Lasers and Light Sources in Photomedicine (2013)

The race to create the laser is full of intrigue, and several books have addressed the topic. In short, Charles Townes created the MASER (microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation), which was a nonvisible light predecessor for the LASER (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Townes and Arthur Schawlow at Bell Labs published their ideas in a scientific journal (Schawlow 1965) about the same time that Gordon Gould (who had coined the term “laser”) filed a patent application (Hecht 1992). There is still debate about the real inventor of the laser. Townes and Schawlow, along with Soviet pioneers, received the Nobel Prize for their work with masers and lasers. Gould, after many legal struggles, was recognized for his four patents in 1988. Theodore Maiman was the eventual winner of the great laser race (at least in terms of building the first working device) when, on May 16, 1960, despite being discouraged by his employer (Hughes Labs), he was able to put mirrors at the end of a ruby rod and create the first working laser. The rod was surrounded by a helical flash lamp (Figure 2.1). Javan later produced the first gas laser (Helium neon). In 1962, the first semiconductor laser was created. Q-switched lasers were first introduced in 1962 and mode-locking lasers in 1964 (vide infra).
Write-error-rate of Spin-Transfer-Torque MRAM (Invited) (2023)

Embedded Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetoresistive Random Access Memory (STT-MRAM) is now a standard foundry offering for embedded non-volatile memory applications at the 28 nm node and below, where it replaces embedded Flash, due to lower development costs. The switch from in-plane to perpendicularly magnetized magnetic materials enabled reliable operation and a scaling path. Write-error-rate is the key reliability challenge for STT-MRAM. While due to fundamental physics, write-error-rate of STT-MRAM can be engineered to meet even aggressive product specifications.
Mechanisms and Targets Involved in Dissemination of Ovarian Cancer (2016)

Ovarian carcinoma is associated with the highest death rate of all gynecological tumors. On one hand, its aggressiveness is based on the rapid dissemination of ovarian cancer cells to the peritoneum, the omentum, and organs located in the peritoneal cavity, and on the other hand, on the rapid development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, we focus on the metastatic process of ovarian cancer, which involves dissemination of, homing to and growth of tumor cells in distant organs, and describe promising molecular targets for possible therapeutic intervention. We provide an outline of the interaction of ovarian cancer cells with the microenvironment such as mesothelial cells, adipocytes, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and other stromal components in the context of approaches for therapeutic interference with dissemination. The targets described in this review are discussed with respect to their validity as drivers of metastasis and to the availability of suitable efficient agents for their blockage, such as small molecules, monoclonal antibodies or antibody conjugates as emerging tools to manage this disease.
Effective all-optical polarization control induced by Raman nonlinear amplification (2010)

An effective all-optical Raman-based stabilization of any input polarization into a single state is experimentally proved exploiting an optimal combination of pump power, fibre PMD and fibre length, identified through systematic numerical simulations.
Novel, isoform-selective, cholecystokinin A receptor antagonist inhibits colon and pancreatic cancers in preclinical models through novel mechanism of action (2016)

Colon and pancreatic cancers contribute to 90,000 deaths each year in the USA. These cancers lack targeted therapeutics due to heterogeneity of the disease and multiple causative factors. One important factor that contributes to increased colon and pancreatic cancer risk is gastrin. Gastrin mediates its actions through two G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs): cholecystokinin receptor A (CCK-A) and CCK-B/gastrin receptor. Previous studies have indicated that colon cancer predominantly expresses CCK-A and responds to CCK-A isoform antagonists. However, many CCK-A antagonists have failed in the clinic due to poor pharmacokinetic properties or lack of efficacy. In the present study, we synthesized a library of CCK-A isoform-selective antagonists and tested them in various colon and pancreatic cancer preclinical models. The lead CCK-A isoform, selective antagonist PNB-028, bound to CCK-A at 12 nM with a 60-fold selectivity towards CCK-A over CCK-B. Furthermore, it inhibited the proliferation of CCK-A-expressing colon and pancreatic cancer cells without affecting the proliferation of non-cancerous cells. PNB-028 was also extremely effective in inhibiting the growth of MAC-16 and LoVo colon cancer and MIA PaCa pancreatic cancer xenografts in immune-compromised mice. Genome‑wide microarray and kinase-array studies indicate that PNB-028 inhibited oncogenic kinases and angiogenic factors to inhibit the growth of colon cancer xenografts. Safety pharmacology and toxicology studies have indicated that PNB-028 is extremely safe and has a wide safety margin. These studies suggest that targeting CCK-A selectively renders promise to treat colon and pancreatic cancers and that PNB-028 could become the next-generation treatment option.
Novel Cu–Cu Bonding Technique: The Insertion Bonding Approach (2011)

A novel low-temperature Cu-Cu bonding approach called the insertion bonding technique has been developed. This technique hinges on the introduction of a tangential pressure at the metal-metal interface, which leads to a high localized plastic deformation that is essential for bond formation. Through finite element modeling studies, it is observed that the insertion bonding technique results in a significantly larger plastic deformation in comparison to the conventional bonding technique under the same bonding conditions. First experimental studies of the insertion bonding technique were performed and it is observed that an electrically yielding Cu-Cu joint is achieved at a low bonding temperature of 100 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> C. This shows that the insertion bonding technique holds much promise for low-temperature Cu-Cu bonding.