gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the Accuracy Improvement of Advanced Dominant Eigenvalue Estimation Method for Electric Power Systems (2008)

The authors have been developing an estimation method of a dominant eigenvalue in large scale power systems using the measured data of the power system. A dominant eigenvalue means the eigenvalue due to long cycle oscillation mode between large scale power systems and has an important information on stability. This paper describes the basic principle of eigenvalue estimation method, the analysis of factors giving influence to accuracy and the accuracy improvement method. The result from the basic principle of eigenvalue estimation method shows that the estimated eigenvalue fluctuates in certain time domains and the accuracy is not satisfactory. The studies were made and it was clarified that frequencies lower than the frequency of the dominant eigenvalue are major sources for fluctuation and noise. In order to improve accuracy, a new method was proposed by applying maximum entropy method (MEM) to obtain power spectrum of maseaued data and by introducing new argorithm for descriminating signal from noise using MEM results. Results of applying the proposed method to dominant eigenvalue estimation show the accuracy was improved and the validity of the proposed method was verified.
Evaluation of Cardiac Valvular Disease with MR Imaging: Qualitative and Quantitative Techniques (2003)

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is almost never performed as the initial imaging test in cardiac valvular disease; that role is dominated by echocardiography. Nevertheless, MR imaging has much to offer in selected patients. Quantitative information regarding the severity of regurgitant or stenotic lesions can be obtained by using a combination of cine gradient-echo or steady-state free precession and cine phase-contrast sequences. In addition to providing measurements of peak velocity and flow, MR imaging is the standard of reference for evaluation of ventricular function, which can be a critical factor in determining when surgical intervention is indicated. Improvements in cardiac MR imaging technology have been particularly striking in the past few years, and these developments can easily be applied to the examination of cardiac valves. The authors briefly describe the pathophysiology of valvular disease, discuss standard MR techniques for qualitative and quantitative evaluation of valvular lesions, and illustrate these concepts with several case studies.
Regional brain atrophy in MND as a diagnostic marker derived by routine high resolution MRI. (P6.023) (2015)

Background: MND has been identified as a degenerative axonal brain disease with focus on upper and lower motor neurons. A high amount of neurons have to be affected before clinical symptoms occur. Our hypothesis is that regional spots of subclinical atrophy can be identified with quantitative routine MRI. Materials/methods: The design of this pilot study is controlled, prospective and blinded. 5 consecutive patients with a proved diagnosis of MND were enrolled. 3 had bulbar symptoms. 27 healthy subjects served as a normative database. The clinical assessment was paralleled with a 3T MRI examination, including a high resolution T1 sequence (MPRAGE). All MRI data were normalized to a stereotactical space followed by a segmentation algorythm and a voxel wise two sample T test checking each patient and the normative database for any volume deviations. The 3D atrophy maps were analysed for each patient and detected for MND specific patterns. Results: All patients revealed spots of regional White matter (WM) atrophy mainly in the Corpus callosum, cerebellum, pyramidal tract, especially in the brainstem. Single spots of regional brain atrophy were found in the gray matter (GM) of the occipital and temporal lobe and Hippocampus. The brain parenchym fraction, GM and WM volumes were normal. Conclusions: Our data confirms findings suggesting MND not only restricted to a motor neuron degeneration. Furthermore the presented method is applicable as a surrogate marker for axonal degeneration in MND, supporting diagnosis and monitoring. We suggest to take this quantitative tool into account for treatment studies.
Biodegradable polymers in clinical use and clinical development (2011)

CONTRIBUTORS. PREFACE. PART I GENERAL. 1 Biodegradable Polymers in Drug Delivery (Jay Prakash Jain, Wubante Yenet, Abraham J. Domb, and Neeraj Kumar). PART II BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF NATURAL ORIGIN: PROTEIN-BASED POLYMERS. 2 Collagen (Wahid Khan, Deepak Yadav, Abraham J. Domb, and Neeraj Kumar). 3 Properties and Hemostatic Application of Gelatin (Jalindar Totre, Diana Ickowicz, and Abraham J. Domb). PART III BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF NATURAL ORIGIN: POLYSACCHARIDES. 4 Chitosan and Its Derivatives in Clinical Use and Applications (Anuradha Subramanian, Kirthanashri Srinivasan Vasanthan, Uma Maheswari Krishnan, and Swaminathan Sethuraman). 5 Clinical Uses of Alginate (Udi Nussinovitch and Amos Nussinovitch). 6 Dextran and Pentosan Sulfate - Clinical Applications (Ramu Parthasarathi and Athipettah Jayakrishnan). 7 Arabinogalactan in Clinical Use (Rajendra P. Pawar, Babasaheb A. Kushekar, Bhaskar S. Jadhav, Kiran R. Kharat, Ravikumar M. Borade, and Abraham J. Domb). PART IV BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS OF NATURAL ORIGIN: POLYESTERS. 8 Polyhydroxyalkanoate (Kesaven Bhubalan, Wing-Hin Lee, and Kumar Sudesh). PART V SYNTHETIC BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS. 9 Lactide and Glycolide Polymers (Kevin Letchford, Anders Sodergard, David Plackett, Samuel Gilchrist, and Helen Burt). 10 Polyanhydrides Poly(CPP-SA), Fatty-Acid-Based Polyanhydrides (Ravikumar M. Borade, Abraham J. Domb, Archana A. Sawale, Rajendra P. Pawar, and Kiran R. Kharat). 11 Poly(e-Caprolactone-co-Glycolide): Biomedical Applications of a Unique Elastomer (Kevin Cooper, Aruna Nathan, and Murty Vyakarnam). 12 Medicinal Applications of Cyanoacrylate (Rajendra P. Pawar, Ashok E. Jadhav, Sumangala B. Tathe, Bhimrao C. Khade, and Abraham J. Domb). 13 Polyethylene Glycol in Clinical Application and PEGylated Drugs (Teerapol Srichana, and Tan Suwandecha). PART VI INORGANIC POLYMERS. 14 Calcium-Phosphate-Based Ceramics for Biomedical Applications (Qing Lv, Kevin W.-H. Lo, Lakshmi S. Nair, and Cato T. Laurencin). PART VII BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS FOR EMERGING CLINICAL USES. 15 Biocompatible Polymers for Nucleic Acid Delivery (Jeff Sparks, and Khursheed Anwer). 16 Biodegradable Polymers for Emerging Clinical Use in Tissue Engineering (Shalini Verma, Kalpna Garkhal, Anupama Mittal, and Neeraj Kumar). 17 Injectable Polymers (Shimon A. Unterman, Norman A. Marcus, and Jennifer H. Elisseeff). PART VIII IPR ASPECTS OF BIODEGRADABLE POLYMERS. 18 Global Patent and Technological Status of Biodegradable Polymers in Drug Delivery and Tissue Engineering (Parikshit Bansal, Shalini Verma, Wahid Khan, and Neeraj Kumar). Index.
A fusion protein comprising pneumococcal surface protein A and a pneumolysin derivate confers protection in a murine model of pneumococcal pneumonia (2022)

PspA and pneumolysin are two important vaccine candidates, able to elicit protection in different models of pneumococcal infection. The high immunogenic potential of PspA, combined with a possible adjuvant effect of pneumolysin derivatives (due to their ability to interact with TLR-4) could greatly improve the immunogenicity and coverage of a protein-based pneumococcal vaccine. A chimeric protein including the N-terminal region of PspA in fusion with the pneumolysin derivative, PlD1, has been shown to induce high antibody levels against each protein, and protect mice against invasive challenge. The aim of the present study was to investigate the cellular response induced by such vaccine, and to evaluate protection in a murine model of lobar pneumococcal pneumonia. Pneumococcal pneumonia was induced in BALB/c mice by nasal instillation of a high dose of a serotype 14 strain with low virulence. Airway inflammation was confirmed by total and differential cell counts in BAL and by histological analysis of the lungs, and bacterial loads were measured 7 days after challenge. Cytokine levels were determined in the bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF) of mice immunized with rPspA-PlD1 fusion after challenge, by flow cytometry and ELISA. After challenge, the mice developed lung inflammation with no invasion of other sites, as demonstrated by histological analysis. We detected significant production of TNF-α and IL-6 in the BALF, which correlated with protection against pneumonia in the group immunized with rPspA-PlD1. In conclusion, we found that the rPspA-PlD1fusion is protective against pneumococcal pneumonia in mice, and protection is correlated with an early and controlled local inflammatory response. These results are in agreement with previous data demonstrating the efficacy of the fusion protein against pneumococcal sepsis and reinforce the potential of the rPspA-PlD1 protein chimera as a promising vaccine strategy to prevent pneumococcal disease.
A W-Geometry Ortho-TOF MS with High Resolution and Up to 100% Duty Cycle for MS/MS (2017)

Orthogonal injection time-of-flight (orthoTOF) mass spectrometry (MS) is the most prevalent form of TOFMS, owing to its greater control over incoming ion energy, the ability to correct for aberrations in incoming ion velocity and position, and its ability to provide an entire mass spectrum within a single scan. However, the duty cycle of orthoTOFMS is low compared with scanning analyzers, which can have 100% duty cycle when measuring a single type of ion. Typical duty cycles for orthoTOFMS range from 1% to 30%, depending on instrument geometry. Generally, as instrument resolution increases, duty cycle decreases. Additionally, the greatest duty cycle is achieved for the highest m/z ion recorded in the spectrum, and decreases for all other ions as a function of m/z. In a prior publication [Loboda, A.V.; Chernushevich, I.V. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 20, 1342-1348 (20)], a novel trapping/release method for restoring the duty cycle of a V-geometry orthoTOFMS to near 100% (referred to as "Zeno pulsing") was presented. Here, we apply that method to a W-TOF geometry analyzer with analog detection. Across a m/z range of 100-2000, sensitivity gains of ~5-20 are observed, for total ion currents approaching ~10<sup>7</sup> ions·s<sup>-1</sup>. Zeno pulsing, or similar strategies for restoring duty cycle, will continue to be important as instrument resolution in orthoTOFMS is increased through the use of ion mirrors. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
Novel Vertical Polysilicon Thin-Film Transistor with Excimer-Laser Annealing (2002)

In this paper, we propose a novel self-alignment vertical thin-film transistor (VTFT) structure with excimer laser annealing (ELA). The ELA on source and drain decreases the process temperature, suppresses the lateral diffusion of dopants in short channel devices and increases the driving current. Furthermore, the VTFTs have high carrier mobility, compared to conventional polysilicon thin film transistors (TFTs).
Octave tunable lumped-element notch filter with resonator-Q-independent zero reflection coefficient (2014)

A bandstop filter architecture with small form factor and very large attenuation over an octave frequency tuning range is demonstrated. The architecture provides a benefit of resonator-Q-independent zero reflection coefficient at the center frequency, and is demonstrated with a tuning range of 55.04 to 133.34 MHz varactor-tuned two-resonator notch filter with minimum notch attenuation of 64 dB, 3-dB fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 10.86% to 3.22% over the tunable frequency range and passband up to 356.5 MHz, resulting in a 6.48-to-1 upper passband, in a footprint of 2.27×1.65 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The unloaded quality factor (Q-factor) was extracted to be 62 at 133.34 MHz.
Molecular Design and Function of Photo-acid Generators Utilized for Advanced Industries (2020)

Photopolymer materials have been widely used in some advanced industries owing to their practicability, low-cost and ecological advantage. One of the key components of these photopolymer materials is a molecule that releases acidic species upon a photon trigger (known as photo-acid generators, PAGs). Recently, PAGs have attracted much attention with the advent of novel technologies such as near-infrared CTP imaging, 3D printing and EUV lithography, and are required to have various functions and sophisticated features.
Cardiac Adaptation to Prolonged High Altitude Migration Assessed by Speckle Tracking Echocardiography (2022)

Right ventricular systolic function is impaired in recent (<1 year) migrants to high altitudes but improved during the long-term dwelling. LV remodeling persists in long-term migrants (>5 years) but without impairment of LV systolic or diastolic function. In contrast, cardiac size, structure, and function of native Tibetans are more similar to those of lowland dwelling Hans.
Hydrogen Bonds and Self-Assembly to Direct Reactivity in the Solid State (2014)

In this presentation, we will describe our efforts to develop a general method to control chemical reactivity in the organic solid state. We use the method to provide access to complex organic molecules such as ladderanes and cyclophanes. In our method, we exploit hydrogen-bond-directed self-assembly with the use of small-molecule templates to assemble and preorganize olefins for intermolecular [2+2] photodimerizations. The templates assemble the olefins within discrete supramolecular assemblies for single and multiple photoreactions. By assembling the olefins within discrete assemblies, we overcome problems of long-range packing that have frustrated previous attempts to control the dimerization. We will also demonstrate how the approach provides a unique form of supamolecular catalysis that exploits fundamentals of mechanochemistry.
Low complexity path search and tracking in UMTS (2005)

In this paper, we consider various path delay estimation techniques which incorporate usage of pilots and non-pilots front the control channel. We focus on deriving low complexity estimators which avoid decision-directed strategies.
Distinct genomic and immunophenotypic features of solid-predominant versus nonsolid-predominant stage I lung adenocarcinomas and association with disease recurrence after surgical resection. (2022)

8514 Background: Compared to lung adenocarcinomas (LUAD) with nonsolid-predominant histology (lepidic, acinar, papillary, micropapillary), those with predominantly solid features have a higher risk of disease recurrence after surgical resection. However, little is known about the genomic landscape and immunophenotype of solid vs nonsolid stage I LUAD. Methods: We collected clinicopathologic data from patients with resected stage I NSCLC (AJCC 8th Edition), which underwent next-generation sequencing to identify genomic alterations and tumor mutational burden (TMB). A subset of these samples also had multiplexed immunofluorescence for CD8+, FOXP3+, PD-1+, and PD-L1 to determine differences in tumor immune cells subsets according to histologic subtype. Disease free-survival (DFS) was compared in patients based on their predominant histologic subtype (solid vs nonsolid). Results: Among 658 LUADs, 11.4% (N = 75) had solid-predominant and 88.6% (N = 583) nonsolid-predominant histology. After a median follow-up of 50 months from the time of surgery, 145 patients (22.0%) experienced recurrence. Compared to nonsolid-predominant LUAD, those with solid predominance had a significantly lower prevalence of activating EGFR, BRAF V600E , and METex14 mutations as well as ALK/ RET/ ROS1 rearrangements (9.3% versus 31.6%, P &lt; 0.001), no difference in KRAS G12C frequency (24% versus 16.8%, P = 0.14), a higher TMB (median 12.2 versus 7.2 mutations/megabase; P &lt; 0.001), and a shorter median DFS from the time of surgical resection (43.2 months versus not reached, HR: 3.3 [95% CI: 2.2-4.9], P &lt; 0.001). The detrimental effect of solid-predominant LUAD in DFS remained significant after adjusting for other factors such as tumor stage, surgery type, smoking status, and TMB (HR: 2.66 [95% CI: 1.71-4.11], P &lt; 0.001]. Among LUADs profiled by multiplex immunofluorescence, compared to tumors with nonsolid-predominant subtype (N = 197), those with solid predominance (N = 23) had significantly higher numbers of CD8+, FOXP3+, PD-1+ immune cells, and PD-1+ CD8+ T cells, both intratumorally (P &lt; 0.001) and at the tumor-stroma interface (P &lt; 0.001). Solid-predominant subtype was also associated with a higher median PD-L1 expression level on tumor (5% versus 1%; P = 0.01) and immune cells (16% versus 7%, P = 0.02). Conclusions: Among patients with surgically-resected stage I LUAD, solid-predominant histology was associated with distinct genotypic and immunologic characteristics. These findings may aid in identifying patients at greater risk of recurrence after surgery.
Pepsin A in Tracheal Secretions From Patients Receiving Mechanical Ventilation (2021)

Microaspiration of gastric contents occurred in nearly half of patients and was associated with a longer duration of mechanical ventilation and a longer stay in the ICU. Additional preventative interventions beyond backrest elevation, oropharyngeal suctioning, and management of endotracheal tube cuff pressure may be needed. Also, the timing of pepsin measurements to capture all microaspiration events requires additional exploration.
GaAs, AlGaAs and InGaP Tunnel Junctions for Multi-Junction Solar Cells Under Concentration: Resistance Study (2010)

The following four TJ designs, AlGaAs/AlGaAs, GaAs/GaAs, AlGaAs/InGaP and AlGaAs/GaAs are studied to determine minimum doping concentration to achieve a resistance of 5×10−4 ωcm2.
Tribological Testing and Presentation of Data (2017)

Abstract The influence of friction and wear on the function and structure of tribological systems is determined by various types of tribological tests. This article introduces the general categories of tribological testing and describes the basic objectives of testing. It reviews the results of tribological tests, where the system-dependent characteristics of friction and wear data can be expressed in different forms, such as tribographs, transition diagrams, and tribomaps. A summary of various methods of surface analysis is presented in a table. The article discusses the relationship between wear and reliability in terms of exponential distribution, Weibull distribution, and gamma distribution. It concludes with information on the effects of interaction on failure probability.
Drug-S-Acyl-Glutathione Thioesters: Synthesis, Bioanalytical Properties, Chemical Reactivity, Biological Formation and Degradation (2011)

Carboxylic acid-containing drugs can be metabolized to chemically-reactive acyl glucuronide, S-acyl-CoA thioester, and/or intermediate acyl-adenylate metabolites that are capable of transacylating the cysteinyl-thiol of glutathione (GSH) resulting in the formation of drug-S-acyl-GSH thioesters detected in-vivo in bile and in-vitro in hepatocytes. Authentic S-acyl-GSH thioesters of carboxylic acids can be readily synthesized by modifying the cysteinyl-thiol group of GSH with an applicable acylating reagent. Bionanalytical characterization of S-acyl-GSH derivatives has demonstrated enhanced extraction efficiency from biological samples when formic acid is included in appropriate extraction solvents, and that tandem mass spectrometry of S-acyl-GSH conjugates results in fragmentation producing a common MH+-147 Da product ion. Chemical reactivity comparisons have shown that S-acyl-CoA thioester and acyl-adenylate conjugates are more reactive than their corresponding 1-β-O-acyl glucuronides toward the transacylation of GSH forming S-acyl-GSH thioesters. S-Acyl-GSH thioester derivatives are also chemically-reactive electrophiles capable of transacylating biological nucleophiles. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) weakly catalyze S-acyl-GSH conjugate formation from S-acyl-CoA, acyl-adenylate, and 1-β-O-acyl glucuronide substrates; however purified-GSTs have also been shown to hydrolyze S-acyl-GSH thioesters. Mechanistic in vitro studies in hepatocytes have revealed the primary importance of the S-acyl-CoA formation pathway leading to S-acyl-GSH-adduct formation. In addition to being hydrolytically-unstable in hepatocytes and plasma, S-acyl-GSH thioesters undergo γ-glutamyltranspeptidase-mediated cleavage of the γ-glutamyl-group leading to N-acyl-cysteinylglycine amide-linked products. In summary, S-acyl GSH thioesters are indicators of reactive transacylating metabolite formation produced from the biotransformation of carboxylic acids, but since they are also chemically-reactive, perhaps these derivatives can contribute to covalent binding to tissue proteins and potential toxicity.
Delayed Reversal of Shape Change in Cells Expressing FPB Prostanoid Receptors (2000)

Prostaglandin F(2 alpha) (PGF(2 alpha)) receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors consisting of two alternative mRNA splice variants, named FP(A) and FP(B). As compared with the FP(A) isoform, the FP(B) isoform lacks the last 46 amino acids of the carboxyl terminus and, therefore, represents a truncated version of the FP(A). We recently found (Pierce, K. L., Fujino, H., Srinivasan, D., and Regan, J. W. (1999) J. Biol. Chem. 274, 35944-35949) that stimulation of both isoforms with PGF(2 alpha) leads to activation of a Rho signaling pathway, resulting in tyrosine phosphorylation of p125 focal adhesion kinase, formation of actin stress fibers, and cell rounding. Although the activation of Rho and subsequent cell rounding occur at a similar rate for both isoforms, we now report that following the removal of PGF(2 alpha) the reversal of cell rounding is much slower for cells expressing the FP(B) isoform as compared with the FP(A) isoform. Thus, in HEK-293 cells that stably express the FP(A) isoform, the reversal of cell rounding appears to be complete after 1 h, whereas for FP(B)-expressing cells there is essentially no reversal even after 2 h. Similarly, the disappearance of stress fibers and dephosphorylation of p125 focal adhesion kinase following removal of agonist are much slower in FP(B)-expressing cells than in FP(A)-expressing cells. The mechanism of this differential reversal appears to involve a difference in receptor resensitization following the removal of agonist. Based upon whole cell radioligand binding, agonist-induced stimulation of inositol phosphate formation, and mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+), the FP(B) isoform resensitizes more slowly than the FP(A) isoform. These findings suggest that the carboxyl terminus of the FP(A) is critical for resensitization and that the slower resensitization of the FP(B) isoform leads to prolonged signaling. This differential signaling distinguishes the FP(A) and FP(B) receptor isoforms and could be important toward understanding the physiological actions of PGF(2 alpha).