gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Membrane‐Intercalating Conjugated Oligoelectrolyte with High‐Efficiency Photodynamic Antimicrobial Activity (2017)

Abstract A membrane‐intercalating conjugated oligoelectrolyte (COE), PTTP , was designed and synthesized with the goal of providing red‐shifted absorption spectra relative to previously synthesized COE analogs. Specifically, electron‐rich and electron‐poor subunits were introduced in the conjugated backbone to modulate the band gap. PTTP exhibits maxima of absorption at 507 nm and of emission at 725 nm. PTTP can also efficiently function to generate singlet oxygen in situ (Φ Δ ≈20 %) and has appropriate topology and dimensions to interact with lipid membranes. The resulting rapid membrane insertion and sensitizing ability provide PTTP with a highly efficient antibacterial capability under a low light dose (0.6 J cm −2 ) toward Gram‐negative bacteria E. coli, making it a remarkably efficient optically mediated antimicrobial agent.
Organic active materials for batteries (2023)

A rechargeable battery includes a compound having at least two active sites, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2; wherein the at least two active sites are interconnected by one or more conjugated moieties; each active site is coordinated to one or more metal ions M.sup.a+ or each active site is configured to coordinate to one or more metal ions; and "a" is 1, 2, or 3.
Telomerase activity as a marker of breast carcinoma in fine‐needle aspirated samples (2000)

BACKGROUND Telomerase activity in breast fine-needle aspiration (FNA) samples may have diagnostic utility. The purpose of this study was to compare in FNA samples of breast tumor the diagnostic accuracy as correlated with histologic final diagnosis. METHODS Fine-needle aspiration samples were obtained from 617 patients with palpable breast tumors. Slide preparation and cytology were performed according to a uniform approach. Extracts derived from 103 cells from the residual cells in the syringe were used for the telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assay. Of the original 617 patients, 220 underwent open biopsy or surgery, and 93 cancers and 127 patients' benign diseases were diagnosed by histologic examination. RESULTS All 62 tumors that were diagnosed as “malignant” or “probably malignant” by FNA cytology were cancerous, and 50 cases (81%) showed detectable telomerase activity. Among 17 “atypical” or “indeterminate” cases, all 10 tumors with detectable telomerase activity subsequently were diagnosed as breast carcinoma whereas 6 of 7 tumors without telomerase activity were diagnosed as benign. Among the 141 “benign” or “unsatisfactory” samples, 12 of 21 cases with detectable telomerase activity subsequently were diagnosed as cancer. CONCLUSIONS The diagnostic accuracy of telomerase activity in FNA samples is considered to be equivalent or slightly higher to that of cytology (86% vs. 70%). Detection of telomerase activity should be considered an alert for false-negative results of FNA cytology and may be useful as a diagnostic marker for breast malignancy, especially in samples cytologically undetermined to be malignant. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2000;90:235–8. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Modelling Solid-state Nanopores with a Combination of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck Equations and Brownian Dynamics (2012)

In principle, different physical models can be applied to simulate ion currents through nanopores. These include the continuum Poisson-Nernst-Planck (PNP) equations, Brownian dynamics (BD) and molecular dynamics (MD). In practice however, it is infeasible to perform molecular dynamics simulations long enough to simulate a sufficient amount of ion translocation events to determine a current, and even Brownian dynamics is often computationally too demanding to model the access resistance of a nanopore in a realistic way. As a consequence, nanopores are generally modeled using the PNP equations, even though this model does not always accurately describe the ionic movement within the nanopore itself, as ions are not treated as discrete entities and water is regarded as a static continuum. The former issue can be solved by both Brownian and molecular dynamics, the latter only by molecular dynamics. Therefore, realistic simulations of ionic currents may be feasible if the PNP equations in the reservoirs are combined with Brownian and/or molecular dynamics within the nanopore. Here, we will focus on the combination of PNP with Brownian dynamics.
SU‐GG‐T‐524: Initialization Strategy and Concurrent Imaging for Single 360 Degree Arc Intensity Modulated Treatment Delivery (2008)

Purpose: Single 360 degree arc treatment with variable MU per degree and changing MLC apertures provides an efficient means for delivering highly conformal radiation therapy. Additionally, the treatment geometry is amenable to CT image acquisition during the delivery enabling verification of patient position. The challenge with the technique is finding the optimal set of apertures over the arc. Aperture based optimization (MLC leaf positions) is the natural approach, but suffers for complex targets if the initial starting condition is simply the fields exposing the target around the arc. The problem occurs when the optimal solution would have the MLC closing off a larger portion of the target requiring large positional changes from the initial condition to the optimal position. In this case gradient based optimizations fall short in that the derivative of the dose distribution with respect to the leaf position is flat for locations further from the leaf tip. In order to remedy this problem, improved initialization of the initial MLC positions around the arc based on the target geometry are proposed. Method and Materials: A research version of the Pinnacle3 RTPS was used to plan the single arc delivery. The approach uses 36 equispaced beams over a 360 degree arc, and optimizes the plan using a single MLC aperture for each beam and the direct machine parameter optimization (DMPO) technique in the system. The Elekta Synergy linear accelerator was used to deliver the treatment and for cone beam CT acquisition. Results: Initial results show dose conformality similar to that of traditional intensity modulated radiotherapy with the 360 degree delivery using geometry based pre‐initialization of the apertures. Additionally, kilovolt image acquisition during delivery was possible. Scattered radiation and the interplay between image acquisition frequency and the pulse rate of the treatment beam influence the image quality but not significantly.
A Review of Energy Release Processes from the Failure of Pneumatic Pressure Vessels (1988)

This report presents the results of a review of the currently available methodologies for predicting the characteristics of the blast wave fragments produced by the failure of a pneumatic pressure vessel. Methodologies are presented and evaluated for their usefulness in accurately predicting the hazards presented by a pressure vessel failure. Deficiencies in the current methodologies are identified as well as the areas which require additional testing for verification. Computer codes which predict blast wave overpressure and fragment initial velocity and range are described and their results are compared to experimental data. Finally, a preliminary test program is presented to provide guidance on setting up burst tests to obtain necessary additional data. Keywords: Pressure vessels; Blast wave; Fragmentation; Vessel burst; Burst test; Fragments.
Acoustic Doppler flowmeter for dense slurry flow measurement. Part II. High temperature tests (1981)

It was clearly demonstrated that, without any gases in a liquid-solid slurry line, the high-temperature acoustic Doppler flowmeter measures the flow velocity of such media. This is a major accomplishment in the field of high-temperature solid-liquid flow measurement. The characteristics of its components are not suitable for lengthy operation in pilot plants. It will be essential to design and build a prototype in which pilot-plant conditions are the basis. That is, the transducers, as well as all connections and electronic components, should be protected. The range of operation of the high-temperature acoustic Doppler flowmeter should be examined by considering the effects of temperature, viscosity, concentration, particle size, and particle-size distribution. Sound-attenuation measurements should be made in highly viscous media found in coal-liquefaction plants. The sound-attenuation measurements are very important, because they could lead to a density measurement. This statement is based on the results of measurements at the HYGAS pilot plant in 1978. It was observed there that the sound attenuation is proportional to coal concentration in the line. If this is true, then the high-temperature acoustic Doppler flowmeter, which now measures flow velocity, can be upgraded to a mass flowmeter.
Bacteriolysis – a mere laboratory curiosity? (2018)

The role of bacteriolysis in the pathophysiology of microbial infections dates back to 1893 when Buchner and Pfeiffer reported for the first time the lysis of bacteria by immune serum and related this phenomenon to the immune response. Later on, basic anti-microbial peptides and certain beta-lactam antibiotics have been shown not only to kill microorganisms but also to induce bacteriolysis and the release of cell-wall components. In 2009, a novel paradigm was offered suggesting that the main cause of death in sepsis is due to the exclusive release from activated human phagocytic neutrophils (PMNs) traps adhering upon endothelial cells of highly toxic nuclear histone. Since activated PMNs also release a plethora of pro-inflammatory agonists, it stands to reason that these may act in synergy with histone to damage cells. Since certain beta lactam antibiotics may induce bacteriolysis, it is questioned whether these may aggravate sepsis patient's condition. Enigmatically, since the term bacteriolysis and its possible involvement in sepsis is hardly ever mentioned in the extensive clinical articles and reviews dealing with critical care, we hereby aim to refresh the concept of bacteriolysis and its possible role in the pathogenesis of post infectious sequelae.
Simulation of the Li–CF[sub x] System (2007)

The system has been successfully used in implantable batteries to power medical devices for humans. Amassed data is analyzed to show that the behavior is dominated by the open-circuit potential and Tafel kinetics. Data from several discharge load resistances can be collapsed onto a single curve on this basis. At the low rates of interest, transport limitations can be neglected. Data for open-circuit relaxation show that the potential is a straight line when plotted against the logarithm of time. This is in harmony with the dominance of Tafel kinetics.
LOP39 (2013)

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 132(2):p 509, August 2013. | DOI: 10.1097/01.prs.0000433370.14288.71
The terahertz intensity mapper: a balloon-borne imaging spectrometer for galaxy evolution (2022)

The Terahertz Intensity Mapper (TIM) is a balloon-borne far-infrared imaging spectrometer designed to characterize the star formation history of the universe. In its Antarctic science flight, TIM will map the redshifted 158um line of ionized carbon over the redshift range 0.5-1.7 (lookback times of 5-10 Gyr). TIM will spectroscopically detect ~100 galaxies, determine the star formation rate history over this time interval through line intensity mapping, and measure the stacked CII emission from galaxies in its well-studied target fields (GOODS-S, SPT Deep Field). TIM consists of a 2-meter telescope feeding two grating spectrometers that that cover 240-420um at R~250 across a 1.3deg field of view, detected with 7200 kinetic inductance detectors and sampled through a novel RF system-on-chip readout. TIM will serve as an important scientific instrument, accessing wavelengths that cannot easily be studied from the ground, and as a testbed for future FIR space technology.
Lessons from hormone replacement therapy trials for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease (2007)

It can be summarized that hormone replacement is not generally recommended in postmenopausal women for primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Although the dietary modification trials did not show any significant reduction in the incidence of coronary heart disease, it is currently recommended to continue using a heart-healthy diet.
A Reduced-Complexity Linear Precoding Strategy for Massive MIMO Base Stations (2018)

Conjugate beamforming (CB) and zero-forcing (ZF) are well-known linear precoders, which have optimized hardware implementations. In this work, a linear precoder is proposed based on switching between CB and ZF for line-of-sight propagation environments. The proposed idea is to predict and use the precoder, which results in the highest sum-rate for a given channel. To this end, three regimes are introduced for the ratio of power per user at the base station (BS) over noise power at a user receiver. For low values of this ratio, CB and for high values, ZF result in the highest sum-rate. For moderate values, a precoding strategy is proposed to switch to the best precoder. The switching mechanism is based on an upper bound for the ZF sum-rate, which we introduced in this work. The proposed precoding strategy achieves a sum-rate higher than both CB and ZF. Simulation results for a massive MIMO system including a 100-antenna BS, show up to 8% improvement on the sum-rate compared to CB and ZF. In addition, the proposed precoder reduces computational complexity up to 16.5% compared to the ZF precoding.
Collisional and intramolecular dynamics of low lying vibrational states of infrared multiphoton excited molecules (1990)

Current models of IR multiphoton excitation of a polyatomic molecule suggest that photon absorption proceeds initially through coherent stepwise excitation of low lying levels of an anharmonic vibrational ladder up to the threshold of the qua sicontinuum.1 The enormous density of states (typically 105/cm-1) and level mixing at this energy provides incoherent excitation and ultimately leads to energy redistribution in the molecule via intramolecular and collisional relaxation processes. Such redistribution creates a broad band of excited vibrational states in spontaneous and anti-Stokes coherent Raman spectra of molecules.2
Challenges and Opportunities in Performance Benchmarking of Service Mesh for the Edge (2021)

As Edge deployments move closer towards the end devices, low latency communication among Edge aware applications is one of the key tenants of Edge service offerings. In order to simplify application development, service mesh architectures have emerged as the evolutionary architectural paradigms for taking care of bulk of application communication logic such as health checks, circuit breaking, secure communication, resiliency (among others), thereby decoupling application logic with communication infrastructure. The latency to throughput ratio needs to be measurable for high performant deployments at the Edge. Providing benchmark data for various edge deployments with Bare Metal and virtual machine-based scenarios, this paper digs into architectural complexities of deploying service mesh at edge environment, performance impact across north-south and east-west communications in and out of a service mesh leveraging popular open-source service mesh Istio/Envoy using a simple on-prem Kubernetes cluster. The performance results shared indicate performance impact of Kubernetes network stack with Envoy data plane. Microarchitecture analyses indicate bottlenecks in Linux based stacks from a CPU micro-architecture perspective and quantify the high impact of Linux's Iptables rule matching at scale. We conclude with the challenges in multiple areas of profiling and benchmarking requirement and a call to action for deploying a service mesh, in latency sensitive environments at Edge.
Synthesizing visible mirrors and multispectral filters using fractal random Cantor superlattices (2015)

A novel nature-inspired technique is introduced and employed to synthesize fractal random superlattices with custom mirror and multispectral filter properties in the visible spectrum. Fractal random Cantor bars are utilized as a representative model of superlattice structures found in nature. An important benefit of the design methodology is a reduction in the number of parameters required for optimization by a genetic algorithm (GA).
Spatial and single-cell transcriptomics reveal neuron-astrocyte interplay in long-term memory (2023)

Abstract Memory encodes past experiences, thereby enabling future plans. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) is a center of salience networks that underlie emotional experience and thus plays a key role in long-term fear memory formation 1, 2 . Here we used spatial and single-cell transcriptomics to illuminate the cellular and molecular architecture of the role of the basolateral amygdala in long-term memory. We identified transcriptional signatures in subpopulations of neurons and astrocytes that were memory-specific and persisted for weeks. These transcriptional signatures implicate neuropeptide signaling, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), ubiquitination pathways, and synaptic connectivity in long-term memory. We also discovered that a neuronal sub-population, defined by increased Penk expression and decreased Tac expression, constitutes the most prominent component of the BLA’s memory engram. These transcriptional changes were observed both with single-cell RNAseq and with single-molecule spatial transcriptomics in intact slices, thereby providing a rich spatial map of a memory engram. The spatial data enabled us to show that this neuronal subpopulation further interacts with spatially related astrocytes that are essential for memory consolidation, indicating that neurons require interactions with astrocytes to encode long term memory.
Rapid Fading Due to Human Blockage in Pedestrian Crowds at 5G Millimeter-Wave Frequencies (2017)

Rapidly fading channels caused by pedestrians in dense urban environments will have a significant impact on millimeter-wave (mmWave) communications systems that employ electrically-steerable and narrow beamwidth antenna arrays. A peer- to-peer (P2P) measurement campaign was conducted with 7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> , 15 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> , and 60 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> half- power beamwidth (HPBW) antenna pairs at 73.5 GHz and with 1 GHz of RF null-to-null bandwidth in a heavily populated open square scenario in Brooklyn, New York, to study blockage events caused by typical pedestrian traffic. Antenna beamwidths that range approximately an order of magnitude were selected to gain knowledge of fading events for antennas with different beamwidths since antenna patterns for mmWave systems will be electronically-adjustable. Two simple modeling approaches in the literature are introduced to characterize the blockage events by either a two-state Markov model or a four-state piecewise linear modeling approach. Transition probability rates are determined from the measurements and it is shown that average fade durations with a -5 dB threshold are 299.0 ms for 7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> HPBW antennas and 260.2 ms for 60 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> HPBW antennas. The four-state piecewise linear modeling approach shows that signal strength decay and rise times are asymmetric for blockage events and that mean signal attenuations (average fade depths) are inversely proportional to antenna HPBW, where 7 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> and 60 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> HPBW antennas resulted in mean signal fades of 15.8 dB and 11.5 dB, respectively. The models presented herein are valuable for extending statistical channel models at mmWave to accurately simulate real- world pedestrian blockage events when designing fifth-generation (5G) wireless systems.
Functional Hydrogel-Biomineral Composites Inspired by Natural Bone (2005)

A urea-mediated mineralization technique was developed to enable the formation of pHEMA-based hydrogel-calcium phosphate composites with excellent polymer-mineral interfacial adhesion strength that is desirable for bone mimics. This mineralization method was also applied to generate more sophisticated composites containing functional hydrogels that possess anionic groups mimicking the extracellular matrix proteins in bone.
Application of the Level-2 Quantum Lasserre Hierarchy in Quantum Approximation Algorithms. (2021)

Abstract not provided.
Understanding Lignin Aggregation Processes. A Case Study: Budesonide Entrapment and Stimuli Controlled Release from Lignin Nanoparticles (2018)

The mechanism of lignin nanoprecipitation and subsequent self-assembly was elucidated by studying generation of lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) from aqueous ethanol. LNP formation was found to follow a kinetically controlled nucleation-growth mechanism in which large lignin molecules formed the initial critical nuclei. Using this information, we demonstrate entrapment of budesonide in LNPs and subsequent pH-triggered and surfactant-responsive release of this synthetic anti-inflammatory corticosteroid. Overall, our results not only provide a promising intestinal delivery system for budesonide but also deliver fundamental mechanistic understanding for the entrapment of actives in LNPs with controlled size and release properties.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Cabozantinib Eradicates Advanced Murine Prostate Cancer by Activating Antitumor Innate Immunity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cabozantinib and PF-04217903 both abolish c-MET phosphorylation in vivo.&lt;/p&gt;
Development and Testing of Soft Magnetic Rotor for a Switched Reluctance Motor Built Through Additive Manufacturing Technology (2020)

Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is an emerging technology that is gaining considerable research interest in recent years. In particular, metal printing methodologies might be successfully employed in developing lightweight and complex geometry components for electrical machines. In this paper, a soft magnetic material with a high content of silicon (i.e. ≈5%w.t.) has been characterized and its properties have been determined. The obtained material has been then used for 3D printing a salient, 8 pole rotor through selective laser melting. Finally, the manufactured rotor has been placed inside the laminated stator of a switched reluctance machine and its performance has been assessed through comprehensive experimental tests. The collected results confirmed the viability of additive manufacturing technology in the electrical machine field.