gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Developmental Basis of Skeletal Cell Differentiation and the Molecular Basis of Major Skeletal Defects (2008)

Vertebrate skeletal differentiation retains elements from simpler phyla, and reflects the differentiation of supporting tissues programmed by primary embryonic development. This developmental scheme is driven by homeotic genes expressed in sequence, with subdivision of skeletal primordia driven by a combination of seven transmembrane-pass receptors responding to Wnt-family signals, and by bone morphogenetic family signals that define borders of individual bones. In sea-dwelling vertebrates, an essentially complete form of the skeleton adapted by the land-living vertebrates develops in cartilage, based on type II collagen and hydrophilic proteoglycans. In bony fishes, this skeleton is mineralized to form a solid bony skeleton. In the land-living vertebrates, most of the skeleton is replaced by an advanced vascular mineralized skeleton based on type I collagen, which reduces skeletal mass while facilitating use of skeletal mineral for metabolic homeostasis. Regulation of the mammalian skeleton, in this context, reflects practical adaptations to the needs for life on land that are related to ancestral developmental signals. This regulation includes central nervous system regulation that integrates bone turnover with overall metabolism. Recent work on skeletal development, in addition, demonstrates molecular mechanisms that cause developmental bone diseases.
Supplementary material from "Cross-frequency coupling explains the preference for simple ratios in rhythmic behaviour and the relative stability across non-synchronous patterns" (2021)

Rhythms are important for understanding coordinated behaviours in ecological systems. The repetitive nature of rhythms affords prediction, planning of movements and coordination of processes within and between individuals. A major challenge is to understand complex forms of coordination when they differ from complete synchronization. By expressing phase as ratio of a cycle, we adapted levels of the Farey tree as a metric of complexity mapped to the range between in-phase and anti-phase synchronization. In a bimanual tapping task, this revealed an increase of variability with ratio complexity, a range of hidden and unstable yet measurable modes, and a rank-frequency scaling law across these modes. We use the phase-attractive circle map to propose an interpretation of these findings in terms of hierarchical cross-frequency coupling (CFC). We also consider the tendency for small-integer attractors in the single-hand repeated tapping of 3-interval rhythms reported in the literature. The phase-attractive circle map has wider basins of attractions for such ratios. This work motivates the question of whether CFC intrinsic to neural dynamics implements low-level priors for timing and coordination and thus becomes involved in phenomena as diverse as attractor states in bimanual coordination and the cross-cultural tendency for musical rhythms to have simple interval ratios.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Synchrony and rhythm interaction: from the brain to behavioural ecology’.
<title>Browsing news and talk video on a consumer electronics platform using face detection</title> (2005)

We present a consumer video browsing system that enables use of multiple alternative summaries in a simple and effective user interface suitable for consumer electronics platforms. We present a news and talk video segmentation and summary generation technique for this platform. We use face detection on consumer video, and use simple face features such as face count, size, and x-location to classify video segments. More specifically, we cluster 1-face segments using face sizes and x-locations. We observe that different scenes such as anchorperson, outdoor correspondent, weather report, etc. form separate clusters. We then apply temporal morphological filtering on the label streams to obtain alternative summary streams for smooth summaries and effective browsing through stories. We also apply our technique to talk show video to generate separate summaries of monologue segments and guest interviews.
A clinical decision support tool may help to optimise vedolizumab therapy in Crohn’s disease (2019)

We further extended the clinical utility of a previously validated VDZ CDST, which accurately predicts at baseline exposure-efficacy relationships and rapidity of onset of action and could be used to help identify patients who would most benefit from interval shortening and those most likely to require surgery while on active therapy.
Optimal Pilot Power Allocation for OFDM Systems with Transmitter and Receiver IQ Imbalances (2009)

In this paper, we derive optimal pilot power allocation for OFDM systems suffering from in-phase and quadrature-phase (IQ) imbalances. Existing works in literature on IQ imbalances optimize for pilot spacings and pilot designs. However, in all these works, optimal power allocation between pilot and data symbols has not been considered. Using a lower bound on the average channel capacity as a metric, we optimize for the pilot and data power allocations. Simulations show that the resulting optimal pilot power allocation increases the channel capacity along with lowering the bit error rate (BER). We further show that the power allocation is flexible in the sense that several power allocation choices exist that improve capacity compared to the equal power allocation scenario.
Low-Temperature Synthesis of YVO4:Bi3+, Eu3+Nanoparticle Phosphors Using a Methanol Solution of Trivalent Cations (2016)

A homogeneous solution of Y3+, Bi3+, and Eu3+ in methanol was used for low-temperature (70°C) synthesis of YVO4:Bi3+, Eu3+ nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction and fluorescence analyses revealed phase-pure tetragonal YVO4:Bi3+, Eu3+. Transparent colloidal solutions were prepared having well-dispersed ∼8-nm YVO4:Bi3+, Eu3+ nanoparticles. Increases in elemental Bi content at the constant Eu content increased the lattice spacing linearly. This reveals that Bi3+, which is larger than Y3+ and Eu3+, substitutionally incorporated in YVO4:Eu3+. The absorption edges and photoluminescence excitation edges were red-shifted by doping Bi3+ in YVO4:Eu3+, and red emission from Eu3+ was observed under near-ultraviolet excitation. These results indicate that Bi3+ and Eu3+ were successfully co-doped into the YVO4 host crystal. Concentration quenching was not observed with increasing Bi-doping even until 6.5 at%, although the quenching of bulk YVO4:Bi3+, Eu3+ prepared by solid-state reaction was observed with >3 at% in a previous report. This implies a better chemical homogeneity of Bi in the host crystal or a structural disorder which prevents the energy migration between Bi3+.
Photochemistry of aromatic compounds. Fragmentation reactions originating in a photo-induced electron transfer in solution (1970)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Schemes for generation of isolated attosecond pulses of pure circular polarization (2016)

Recently, different proposals for generating isolated attosecond pulses with elliptical polarization have emerged. In this comprehensive study, two schemes based on the noncollinear interaction of two counter-rotating circularly polarized lasers beams are analyzed, showing a mechanism to produce isolated pulses of pure circular polarization.
Photochemistry of threeN-acetoacetyl amino acid methyl esters: structure elucidation of the radiation products by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (1998)

The photochemistry of three N-acetoacetyl α-amino acid (valine, tert-leucine, isoleucine) methyl esters was investigated. The products after UV irradiation in acetonitrile at 300 nm (direct excitation) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with chemical ionization mass spectrometry. In all cases a complex product mixture was found as the result of the nπ* excitation of the substrates. The major reaction paths were Norrish type I reactions and hydrogen atom abstractions with concomitant radical cleavage and radical recombination steps. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stability and Robustness of Human Metabolic Phenotypes in Response to Sequential Food Challenges (2011)

High-resolution spectroscopic profiles of biofluids can define metabolic phenotypes, providing a window onto the impact of diet on health to reflect gene-environment interactions. (1)H NMR spectroscopic profiling was used to characterize the effect of nutritional intervention on the stability of the metabolic phenotype of 7 individuals following a controlled 7 day dietary protocol. Inter-individual metabolic differences influenced proportionally more of the spectrum than dietary modulation, with certain individuals displaying a greater stability of metabolic phenotypes than others. Correlation structures between urinary metabolites were identified and used to map inter-individual pathway differences. Choline degradation was the pathway most affected by the individual, suggesting that the gut microbiota influence host metabolic phenotypes. This influence was further emphasized by the highly correlated excretion of the microbial-mammalian co-metabolites phenylacetylglutamine, 4-cresylsulfate (r = 0.87), and indoxylsulfate (r = 0.67) across all individuals. Above the background of inter-individual differences, clear biochemical effects of single type dietary interventions, animal protein, fruit and wine intake, were observed; for example, the spectral variance introduced by fruit ingestion was attributed to the metabolites tartrate, proline betaine, hippurate, and 4-hydroxyhippurate. This differential metabolic baseline and response to selected dietary challenges highlights the importance of understanding individual differences in metabolism and provides a rationale for evaluating dietary interventions and stratification of individuals with respect to guiding nutrition and health programmes.
Photogenerated Acid-Catalyzed Formation of Phosphonic/Phosphoric Acids by Deprotection of Esters in Polymer Films (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotogenerated Acid-Catalyzed Formation of Phosphonic/Phosphoric Acids by Deprotection of Esters in Polymer FilmsMarcia L. Schilling, Howard E. Katz, Francis M. Houlihan, Janet M. Kometani, Susan M. Stein, and Omkaram NalamasuCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 1, 110–115Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00105a014RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views226Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Dynamical organisation of the human visual system revealed by lifetimes of activation traces (1996)

Magnetic source imaging reveals a dynamical organisation of visual cortical areas suggesting that the participation of local memories is an essential component of visual information processing. Response recovery studies provide evidence that each responding cortical area supports a memory function with a well-defined lifetime. The areas fell into two groups, the earliest in occipital lobes with lifetimes ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 s, and the later ones in temporal, parietal, and frontal areas with lifetimes ranging from 7 to 30 s. Also, within each group the areas responding later tended to have longer lifetimes.
Comparison of new photorefractive composites based on a poly(phenylene vinylene) derivative with traditional poly(n-vinylcarbazole) composites (1999)

The performances of two classes of photorefractive polymer composites with low glass-transition temperatures (about 10–5°C) are compared. One is based on the commonly used photoconductor poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK), i.e., containing isolated charge-transport moieties for hopping. The other is based on the π-conjugated poly[1,4-phenylene-1,2-di(4-benzyloxyphenyl)vinylene] (DBOP-PPV), promising faster response times. The steady-state performance of the DBOP-PPV-based composites was found to be superior owing to (i) the larger internal free volume, allowing more efficient poling of the chromophores, and (ii) the slightly stronger space-charge field as a result of an increased trap density. By contrast, the dynamic response in a four-wave mixing experiment was similar to that of PVK-based composites despite the higher hole-drift mobility in conjugated PPV homopolymers than PVK. It was demonstrated that this is mainly a result of the poor charge-carrier generation efficiency.
Aligning database columns using mutual information (2005)

As with many large organizations, the Government's data is split in many different ways and is collected at different times by different people. The resulting massive data heterogeneity means government staff cannot effectively locate, share, or compare data across sources, let alone achieve computational data interoperability. A case in point is the California Air Resources Board (CARB), which is faced with the challenge of integrating the emissions inventory databases belonging to California's 35 air quality management districts to create a state inventory. This inventory must be submitted annually to the US EPA which, in turn, must perform quality assurance tests on these inventories and integrate them into a national emissions inventory for use in tracking the effects of national air quality policies. The premise of our research is that it is possible to significantly reduce the amount of manual labor required in database wrapping and integration by automatically learning mappings in the data. In this research, we applied statistical algorithms to discover correspondences across comparable datasets. We have seen particular success in an information theoretic model, called SIfT (Significance Information for Translation), that performs data-driven column alignments. We have applied SIfT to mapping the Santa Barbara County Air Pollution Control District's 2001 emissions inventory database with the California Air Resources Board statewide inventory database. A fully customizable interface to the SIfT toolkit is available at http://sift.isi.edu/, allowing users to create new alignments, navigate the information theoretic model, and inspect alignment decisions. On a broader scale, this work makes strides toward appeasing a central problem in data management of integrating legacy data.
Succinct synthesis of saturated hydroxy fatty acids andin vitroevaluation of all hydroxylauric acids on FFA1, FFA4 and GPR84 (2017)

Saturated hydroxy fatty acids make up a class of underexplored lipids with potentially interesting biological activities. We report a succinct and general synthetic route to saturated hydroxy fatty acids hydroxylated at position 6 or higher, and exemplify this with the synthesis of hydroxylauric acids. All regioisomers of hydroxylauric acids were tested on free fatty acid receptors FFA1, FFA4 and GPR84. The results show that the introduction of a hydroxy group and its position have a high impact on receptor activity.
Reduced fixation stability induced by peripheral viewing does not contribute to crowding (2020)

Attending to peripheral visual targets while maintaining central fixation, a process that involves covert attention, reduces fixation stability. Here, we tested the hypothesis that changes in fixation stability induced by peripheral viewing contribute to crowding in peripheral vision by increasing positional uncertainty. We first assessed whether fixation was less stable during peripheral versus central (foveal) viewing for both crowded and uncrowded stimuli. We then tested whether fixation stability during peripheral viewing was associated with the extent of crowding. Fourteen participants performed a tumbling E orientation discrimination task at three different eccentricities (0°, 5°, 10°). The target was presented with or without flankers. Fixational eye movements were measured using an infrared video-based eyetracker. A central fixation cross was provided for the two peripheral viewing conditions, and optotype size was scaled for each eccentricity. Discrimination of appropriately scaled uncrowded stimuli was unaffected by eccentricity, whereas discrimination of crowded stimuli deteriorated dramatically with eccentricity, despite scaling. Both crowded and uncrowded peripheral stimuli were associated with reduced fixation stability, increased microsaccadic amplitude, and a greater proportion of horizontal microsaccades relative to centrally presented stimuli. However, these effects were not associated with the magnitude of crowding. This suggests that reduced fixation stability due to peripheral viewing does not contribute to crowding in peripheral vision.
Enantioselective Intramolecular CH-Insertions upon Cu-Catalyzed Decomposition of Phenyliodonium Ylides (2001)

The Cu-catalyzed intramolecular CH insertion of phenyliodonium ylide 5b has been investigated at 0° C in the presence of several chiral ligands. Enantioselectivities vary in the range of 38–72 %, and are higher than those resulting from reaction of the diazo compound 5c at 65° C. The results are consistent with a carbenoid mechanism for Cu-catalyzed decomposition of phenyliodonium ylides.
Role of energy dependence of intrinsic electron relaxation time in semiconductors (2015)

We use first-principles calculations of the electron-phonon interaction to investigate the dependence of the electron relaxation time in doped semiconductors on the electron energy and carrier concentration. Using a novel simplified approach for computing electronic transport properties starting from the scattering tensor, we demonstrate the importance of the energy dependence of the relaxation time for quantitative prediction of electronic conductivity, Seebeck coefficient and the Lorenz number. We find significant deviations from results of the commonly used constant relaxation time approximation in technologically relevant regimes and discuss the implications for the interpretation of transport measurements of thermoelectric properties.
Prognostic significance of GP88 for breast cancer recurrence (2008)

22064 Background: Our laboratory focuses on the development of novel breast cancer biomarker with diagnostic or prognostic significance. We have identified a growth factor GP88 that plays a critical role in breast tumorigenesis. Pathological study have indicated that GP88 was highly expressed in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC), in correlation with poor prognosis parameters whereas it was negative in normal mammary tissues and benign lesions. Here we present the results of a retrospective study to investigate whether high GP88 expression in IDC is associated with increased recurrence and decreased overall survival. Methods: This IRB approved study used 389 archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded IDC cases with a minimum of 4 years follow-up, obtained from three tumor banks The clinical data included patients demographics such as age and race, tumor characteristics including tumor size, tumor grade, nodal status, disease stage and receptor status, time and type of first recurrence, time and status of last follow-up. GP88 expression was determined by immunohistochistry on five- micrometer sections. Cytoplasmic GP88 expression was scored as: <10% of cells staining - negative, >10% of cells staining - positive with positive staining graded from weak/focal (1+) to moderate/focal or diffuse (2+) to strong/diffuse (3+). The statistical analysis was based on evaluating the test performance for its ability to predict disease-free (DFS) and/or overall survivals (OS) using Kaplan Meier curves and the Cox proportional hazards models for quantification of risk. Results: The data show that ER+ cases with GP88 3+ had a HR of 2.29 (95% CI, 1.38–3.78; p<0.0013 for OS and a HR of 2.88 (95% CI 1.59–5.24; p<0.0005) for DFS. GP88 3+ remains highly significant for OS and DFS even when the data are adjusted for each of the covariates such as nodal status, disease stage, tumor grade, tumor size, supporting the findings that GP88 brings independent information on the recurrence risk and overall survival. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that high GP88 expression (3+) is associated with a higher risk of recurrence and increased mortality in ER+ IDC and provides a novel biomarker with prognostic significance in breast cancer. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration A&G Pharmaceutical A&G Pharmaceutical
Discrete polynomial transform representation using binary matrices and flow diagrams (2002)

This paper presents a new method for computing discrete polynomial transforms. The method is shown for the Hermite, binomial, and Laguerre transforms. The new method factors Pascal's matrix into binary matrices. Constructing the flow diagrams for the transform matrices requires only additions and N-2 multipliers for N-point Hermite and binomial transforms, and 2N multipliers for an N-point Laguerre transform. The method involves a three-stage process where stages 1 and 3 are identical for all three transforms.
A Surgical Model of Posttraumatic Osteoarthritis With Histological and Gait Validation (2016)

Intra-articular fracture represents severe joint injury and associates with a high rate of PTOA. This animal model, with histologic and gait validations, can be useful for future studies of PTOA prevention and early diagnosis.
Simultaneous capturing of RGB and additional band images using hybrid color filter array (2014)

Extra band information in addition to the RGB, such as the near-infrared (NIR) and the ultra-violet, is valuable for many applications. In this paper, we propose a novel color filter array (CFA), which we call “hybrid CFA," and a demosaicking algorithm for the simultaneous capturing of the RGB and the additional band images. Our proposed hybrid CFA and demosaicking algorithm do not rely on any specific correlation between the RGB and the additional band. Therefore, the additional band can be arbitrarily decided by users. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed demosaicking algorithm with the proposed hybrid CFA can provide the additional band image while keeping the RGB image almost the same quality as the image acquired by using the standard Bayer CFA.
Blind prediction of broadband coherence time at basin scales (2003)

A blind comparison with data is made with a model for the coherence time of broadband sound (133 Hz, 17-Hz bandwidth) at 3709 km. Coherence time is limited by changes in the ocean because the acoustic instruments are fixed to the Earth on the bottom of the sea with time bases maintained by atomic clocks. Although the modeled coherence time depends a bit on the difficult problem of correctly modeling relative signal-to-noise ratios, normalized correlation coefficients of the broadband signals for the data (model) are 0.90 (0.83), 0.72 (0.59), and 0.51 (0.36) at lags of 2, 4.1, and 6.2 min, respectively. In all these cases, observed coherence times are a bit longer than modeled. The temporal evolution of the model is based on the linear dispersion relation for internal waves. Acoustic propagation is modeled with the parabolic approximation and the sound-speed insensitive operator.
Table S6 from Chemogenomic Landscape of <i>RUNX1</i>-mutated AML Reveals Importance of <i>RUNX1</i> Allele Dosage in Genetics and Glucocorticoid Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S6&lt;/p&gt;