gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chitinolytic Enzymes Produced byTrichoderma harzianum: Antifungal Activity of Purified Endochitinase and Chitobiosidase (1993)

Two chitinolytic enzymes from Trichoderma harzianum strain P1 were tested for their antifungal activity in bioassays against nine different fungal species. Spore germination (or cell replication) and germ tube elongation were inhibited for all chitin-containing fungi except T. harzianum strain P1. The degree of inhibition was proportional to the level of chitin in the cell wall of the target fungi. For most of the fungi tested, the ED50 values for the endochitinase and the chitobiosidase were 35-135 micrograms ml-1 and 62-180 micrograms ml-1, respectively. Complete inhibition occurred at 200-300 micrograms ml-1. Combining the two enzymes resulted in a synergistic increase of antifungal activity. The ED50 values for a 1:1 mixture of endochitinase and chitobiosidase were as low as 10 micrograms ml-1 for Botrytis cinerea, 34 micrograms ml-1 for Ustilago avenae, 13 micrograms ml-1 for Uncinula necator, and 30 micrograms ml-1 for Fusarium solani. T. harzianum strain P1 was resistant to its own chitinolytic enzymes up to 800 micrograms ml-1, with an ED50 value 1,000 micrograms ml-1. The chitinolytic enzymes from T. harzianum appeared to be biologically more active than enzymes from other sources and more effective against a wider range of fungi. The involvement of these chitinolytic enzymes in biocontrol is also discussed
MULTI-TEXTURING 3D MODELS: HOW TO CHOOSE THE BEST TEXTURE? (2012)

International audience
Increased lysosomal biomass is responsible for the resistance of triple-negative breast cancers to CDK4/6 inhibition (2020)

Inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases CDK4 and CDK6 have been approved for treatment of hormone receptor-positive breast cancers. In contrast, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are resistant to CDK4/6 inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that a subset of TNBC critically requires CDK4/6 for proliferation, and yet, these TNBC are resistant to CDK4/6 inhibition due to sequestration of CDK4/6 inhibitors into tumor cell lysosomes. This sequestration is caused by enhanced lysosomal biogenesis and increased lysosomal numbers in TNBC cells. We developed new CDK4/6 inhibitor compounds that evade the lysosomal sequestration and are efficacious against resistant TNBC. We also show that coadministration of lysosomotropic or lysosome-destabilizing compounds (an antibiotic azithromycin, an antidepressant siramesine, an antimalaria compound chloroquine) renders resistant tumor cells sensitive to currently used CDK4/6 inhibitors. Lastly, coinhibition of CDK2 arrested proliferation of CDK4/6 inhibitor-resistant cells. These observations may extend the use of CDK4/6 inhibitors to TNBCs that are refractory to current anti-CDK4/6 therapies.
Vision for the Future (2017)

This chapter identifies key challenges for the future in the intercity transportation realm and also for other types of transportation systems. It offers recommendations on priorities for the future related to intercity transportation. Transportation providers need to find ways to serve people who are dependent on public transportation. One promising approach is cooperative agreements with employers and schools through which the same vehicles can be shared to provide services for commuters and students during peak hours and for recreation, shopping, and health care trips during off-peak hours. Rapid and accepted forms of wheelchair securement are still needed for mainline public transit vehicles. Researchers at the now defunct RERC on Wheelchair Transportation Safety made great strides in this space, but the reality is that many wheelchair users and transit drivers are unhappy with the current methods and opt to ignore securement.
Serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen-Immunoglobulin M complex levels predict survival in patients with cirrhosis (2019)

Complications of chronic liver diseases - particularly hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) - are a major cause of mortality worldwide. Several studies have shown that high or increasing levels of serum Squamous Cell Carcinoma Antigen-Immunoglobulin M complex (SCCA-IgM) are associated with development of HCC in patients with advanced liver disease and worse survival in patients with liver cancer. The aim of the present study was to assess, in patients with advanced liver disease, differences in long-term clinical outcomes in relation to baseline levels of serum SCCA-IgM. Ninety one consecutive outpatients with liver cirrhosis of different etiologies, without hepatocellular carcinoma at presentation, were enrolled from April 2007 to October 2012 in a prospective study. For a median time of 127 months, patients were bi-annually re-evaluated. SCCA-IgM complex levels were determined with a validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results provided evidence that serum SCCA-IgM is a predictor of overall survival. The best cut-off to discriminate both HCC-free and overall survival rates was 120 AU/mL. Patients with baseline values higher than this threshold showed a substantial increase in both HCC incidence rate and all-cause mortality rate. In conclusion, a single measurement of serum SCCA-IgM helps to identify those patients with liver cirrhosis with increased risks of HCC development and mortality.
Long‐term therapeutic effect of cell therapy on improvement in erectile function in a rat model with pelvic neurovascular injury (2018)

Cell therapy enhanced erectile function and ameliorated the histological changes 12 weeks after pelvic neurovascular injury in vivo, indicating that cell therapy may improve the long-term outcomes in neurogenic, myogenic and vascular tissue regeneration in the treatment of NVED.
Statistical spectrogram modeling and analysis for blind estimation of room acoustics from musical recordings. (2009)

An algorithm employing Markov random field modeling has been applied to spectrographic representations of musical recordings to uncover acoustical features of the recording environment. For recorded music, the reverberation pattern is most visible at the onset/offset edges of harmonic components in the spectrogram. Edge features extracted through image analysis algorithms can be mapped to the acoustical features of the recording space, but the correspondence is complicated by the inherent randomness of the musical “test signal.” This is exacerbated in the media production process because a final mix can be generated from separate recordings from multiple acoustic spaces. The Markov random field modeling algorithm utilizes data-modeling techniques to estimate the probabilistic links between edge analysis results and room acoustical features and further to identify the probabilistic nature of any time-variation in latent room acoustics. Our algorithm obtained enhanced room acoustics feature extraction performance by allowing a gradual refinement of the room acoustics feature vectors through dynamic fusion of prior estimates and knowledge from current musical segments. This on-line approach is also more computationally efficient compared to batch processing. Multiple variants of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated and compared to existing blind room acoustics parameter estimation methods.
Hierarchical Scheduling for Symmetric Multiprocessors (2008)

Hierarchical scheduling has been proposed as a scheduling technique to achieve aggregate resource partitioning among related groups of threads and applications in uniprocessor and packet scheduling environments. Existing hierarchical schedulers are not easily extensible to multiprocessor environments because 1) they do not incorporate the inherent parallelism of a multiprocessor system while resource partitioning and 2) they can result in unbounded unfairness or starvation if applied to a multiprocessor system in a naive manner. In this paper, we present hierarchical multiprocessor scheduling (H-SMP), a novel hierarchical CPU scheduling algorithm designed for a symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) platform. The novelty of this algorithm lies in its combination of space and time multiplexing to achieve the desired bandwidth partition among the nodes of the hierarchical scheduling tree. This algorithm is also characterized by its ability to incorporate existing proportional-share algorithms as auxiliary schedulers to achieve efficient hierarchical CPU partitioning. In addition, we present a generalized weight feasibility constraint that specifies the limit on the achievable CPU bandwidth partitioning in a multiprocessor hierarchical framework and propose a hierarchical weight readjustment algorithm designed to transparently satisfy this feasibility constraint. We evaluate the properties of H-SMP using hierarchical surplus fair scheduling (H-SFS), an instantiation of H-SMP that employs surplus fair scheduling (SFS) as an auxiliary algorithm. This evaluation is carried out through a simulation study that shows that H-SFS provides better fairness properties in multiprocessor environments as compared to existing algorithms and their naive extensions.
The targeting of β ‐cells by T lymphocytes in human type 1 diabetes: clinical perspectives (2013)

This review focuses on genes that control β‐cell targeting in autoimmune, type 1‐dependent, diabetes ( T1D ) and on insulin as the major autoantigen recognized by T lymphocytes throughout the disease process. T1D associates with multiple gene variants. Beyond genes that predispose to general failure of immune tolerance to self, loci identified by the analysis of crosses between non‐obese diabetic ( NOD ) and conventional mouse strains harbour genes that control β‐cell targeting or the deviation of autoimmunity towards other tissues. We report here the role of genes encoding co‐activation molecules involved in the activation of T lymphocytes, ICOS and ICOS ligand ( B7RP1 ). NOD mice which are deficient in either of these two molecules are protected from diabetes, but instead develop a neuromuscular autoimmune disease. We also report the characterization in humans of T lymphocytes that are specific for major β‐cell autoantigens, especially insulin. This opens the way towards new bioassays in the diagnosis of autoimmunity and towards autoantigen‐specific immunotherapy in T1D . In order to develop a new preclinical model of T1D that would allow testing insulin epitopes to induce immune tolerance in vivo , we developed a mouse that is deficient in endogenous major histocompatibility complex class I and class II genes and deficient for the two murine insulin genes and that express human class I, class II and insulin genes.
Crowdsourced mapping extends the target space of kinase inhibitors (2020)

Abstract Despite decades of intensive search for compounds that modulate the activity of particular targets, there are currently small-molecules available only for a small proportion of the human proteome. Effective approaches are therefore required to map the massive space of unexplored compound-target interactions for novel and potent activities. Here, we carried out a crowdsourced benchmarking of predictive models for kinase inhibitor potencies across multiple kinase families using unpublished bioactivity data. The top-performing predictions were based on kernel learning, gradient boosting and deep learning, and their ensemble resulted in predictive accuracy exceeding that of kinase activity assays. We then made new experiments based on the model predictions, which further improved the accuracy of experimental mapping efforts and identified unexpected potencies even for under-studied kinases. The open-source algorithms together with the novel bioactivities between 95 compounds and 295 kinases provide a resource for benchmarking new prediction algorithms and for extending the druggable kinome.
Multi-Microphone Noise Reduction Based on Orthogonal Noise Signal Decompositions (2013)

Multi-microphone noise reduction plays an increasing and important role in acoustic communication systems. Existing multichannel noise reduction filters are commonly computed based on a single noise covariance matrix. Recently, an orthogonal noise signal decomposition was proposed that uses a single noise signal as a reference. Using this decomposition, it was possible to reformulate the noise reduction problem and derived a multichannel noise reduction filter that allows a tradeoff between the noise that is coherent and incoherent with respect to the reference signal. In this contribution, we analyze the previously proposed decomposition and propose an orthogonal decomposition that is based on a rank-one projection of all noise signals. The projection is chosen such that the total variance of the coherent noise component is maximized. To further improve the separation between coherent noise and incoherent noise, a rank- <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</i> projection of the observed noise signals is proposed. The decomposed noise covariance matrix is then used to derive a minimum variance distortionless response beamformer that allows a tradeoff between coherent and incoherent noise reduction, and to form a constraint matrix for a linearly constrained minimum variance beamformer. The results of the performance evaluation demonstrate the advantage of the proposed decompositions over the previously proposed decomposition.
ChemInform Abstract: Triterpenes from Mimusops elengi. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast and Robust Discrete Computational Imaging (2017)

Computational imaging problems are of increasing importance in domains ranging from security to biology and medicine. In these problems computational techniques based on an imaging model are coupled with data inversion to create useful images. When the underlying desired property field itself is discrete, the corresponding discrete-valued inverse problems are extremely challenging and computationally expensive to solve because of their non-convex, enumerative nature. In this work we demonstrate a fast and robust solution approach based on a new variable splitting coupled with the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) technique. This approach exploits sub-problems that can be solved using existing and fast techniques, such as graph-cut methods, and results in overall solutions of excellent quality. The method can exploit both Gaussian and Poisson noise models. We exercise the method on both binary and multi-label phantoms for challenging limited data tomographic reconstruction problems.
Iterative interference cancellation and decoding for a coded UWB-TH-CDMA system in multipath channels using MMSE filters (2004)

In this paper, we consider a low-complexity iterative receiver for decoding multi-user information data for the bandwidth efficient convolutionally coded UWB TH-CDMA system, in a multipath channel. The proposed receiver structure consists of a bank of soft interference cancellers (SIC), followed by a block of MMSE filters. The outputs of these filters, are fed to a bank of likelihood calculators (LC), each followed by a soft-input soft-output (SISO) convolutional decoder. Information is fed back from SISO decoders to SICs for interference cancellation. This receiver requires the knowledge of the attenuation and delay of the strongest path of each active user. We evaluate the performance of the proposed receiver in multipath channels. Our numerical results show that the new receiver significantly improves the system performance.
Precipitation and Deposition of Aluminum Containing Species in Tank Wastes (2003)

Aluminum-containing phases represent the most prevalent solids that can appear or disappear during the processing of radioactive tank wastes. Processes such as sludge washing and leaching are designed to dissolve Al-containing phases and, thereby, minimize the volume of high-level waste glass required to encapsulate radioactive sludges. Unfortunately, waste-processing steps that include evaporation can involve solutions that are supersaturated with respect to cementitious aluminosilicates that result in unwanted precipitation and scale formation. Of all the constituents of tank waste, limited solubility cementitious aluminosilicates have the greatest potential for clogging pipes and transfer lines, fouling highly radioactive components such as ion exchangers, and completely shutting down processing operations. For instance, deposit buildup and clogged drain lines experienced during the tank waste volume-reduction process at Savannah River Site (SRS) required an evaporator to b e shut down in October 1999. The Waste Processing Technology Section (WPTS) of Westinghouse Savannah River Company (WSRC) at SRS is now collaborating with team members from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to verify the thermodynamic stability of aluminosilicate compounds under waste tank conditions in an attempt to solve the deposition and clogging problems. The primary goals of this study are to understand the (1) the major factors controlling precipitation, heterogeneous nucleation and growth phenomena, of relatively insoluble aluminosilicates, (2) role of organics for inhibiting aluminosilicate formation, and (3) to develop a predictive tool to control precipitation, scale formation, and cementation under tank waste processing conditions. The results obtained from this will provide crucial information for (1) avoiding problematical sludge processing steps, and (2) identifying and developing effective technologies to process retrieved sludges and supernatants before ultimate vitrification of wastes.
Disrupting USP5/Cav3.2 interactions protects female mice from mechanical hypersensitivity during peripheral inflammation (2018)

Cav3.2 T-type calcium channels are important for the signaling of nociceptive information in the primary afferent pain pathway. During neuropathy and peripheral inflammation, Cav3.2 channels are upregulated due to an increased association with the deubiquitinase USP5. Disrupting these interactions in male mice by the use of cell permeant peptides reverses mechanical and thermal hypersensitivity. Here we explore the effects of interfering with USP5 binding to the channel in female mice with synchronized estrous cycle. We show that intrathecal delivery of a cell-penetrating TAT peptide corresponding to the UBPc domain of USP5 fully reverses mechanical hypersensitivity in mice intraplantarly injected with Complete Freund's Adjuvant. Hence, the USP5 mediated dysregulation of Cav3.2 channel activity does not exhibit sex differences, and potential therapeutics targeting this interaction should be effective in both male and female subjects.
Interesting Behavior of α,β-Unsaturated Oximes in Intramolecular [4 + 2] Cycloaddition Reactions (2004)

[structure: see text] Intramolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition using alpha,beta-unsaturated oximes was explored. The reactions proceeded under unusually facile conditions to furnish the nitrones. The latter were subsequently reacted with DMAD to afford [3 + 2] cycloaddition products.
Fast Spiking of a Mott VO2–Carbon Nanotube Composite Device (2019)

The recent surge of interest in brain-inspired computing and power-efficient electronics has dramatically bolstered development of computation and communication using neuron-like spiking signals. Devices that can produce rapid and energy-efficient spiking could significantly advance these applications. Here we demonstrate direct current or voltage-driven periodic spiking with sub-20 ns pulse widths from a single device composed of a thin VO<sub>2</sub> film with a metallic carbon nanotube as a nanoscale heater, without using an external capacitor. Compared with VO<sub>2</sub>-only devices, adding the nanotube heater dramatically decreases the transient duration and pulse energy, and increases the spiking frequency, by up to 3 orders of magnitude. This is caused by heating and cooling of the VO<sub>2</sub> across its insulator-metal transition being localized to a nanoscale conduction channel in an otherwise bulk medium. This result provides an important component of energy-efficient neuromorphic computing systems and a lithography-free technique for energy-scaling of electronic devices that operate via bulk mechanisms.
Two Exemplified Combinatorial Approaches for Catalytic Liquid–Solid and Gas–Solid Processes in Oil Refining and Fine Chemicals (2004)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Aim of the Work Search for New Catalytic Materials for the Epoxidation of Olefins Epoxidation on Ti-based Materials Experimental Design using Softcomputing Techniques Definition of the Catalytic Space to be Explored Experimental Catalyst Preparation Catalytic Testing Results of the Optimization Process Search for New Catalytic Materials for Isomerization of Light Paraffin Isomerization of Light Paraffins Search Methodology Definition of Variables Structure of the Optimization Algorithm Experimental Catalyst Preparation Catalytic Testing Results of the Optimization Process Validation of the Best Catalytic System Poisoning Resistance Isomerization of a Simulated Industrial Stream Study of WOx/ZrO2 System Employing a Factorial Design Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Aberrant protein S-nitrosylation contributes to hyperexcitability-induced synaptic damage in Alzheimer’s disease: Mechanistic insights and potential therapies (2023)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is arguably the most common cause of dementia in the elderly and is marked by progressive synaptic degeneration, which in turn leads to cognitive decline. Studies in patients and in various AD models have shown that one of the early signatures of AD is neuronal hyperactivity. This excessive electrical activity contributes to dysregulated neural network function and synaptic damage. Mechanistically, evidence suggests that hyperexcitability accelerates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that contribute to neural network impairment and synapse loss. This review focuses on the pathways and molecular changes that cause hyperexcitability and how RNS-dependent posttranslational modifications, represented predominantly by protein S-nitrosylation, mediate, at least in part, the deleterious effects of hyperexcitability on single neurons and the neural network, resulting in synaptic loss in AD.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropyl Building Blocks for Organic Synthesis. Part 15. Optically Active Oxazolidinones as Michael Donors: Synthesis of Novel Enantiopure α,β‐Diamino Acids and 2‐Substituted 1‐ Aminocyclopropanecarboxylic Acids. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ammonium 1,3,4,6-tetranitro-2,5-diazapentalene (2003)

The structure of the ammonium salt of the dianion of 1,3,4,6-tetra­nitro-2,5-di­aza­pentalene is reported, viz. 2NH4+·C6N6O82−. Only three atoms of the central 2,5-di­aza­pentalene skeleton are unique, as the anion possesses 2/m symmetry. The ammonium cation forms strong hydrogen bonds to the aza N and nitro O atoms, forming a sheet in the ac plane.