gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Miniature Joint System for Disease Modeling and Drug Testing (2022)

Diseases of the knee joint such as osteoarthritis (OA) affect all joint elements. An in vitro human cell-derived microphysiological system capable of simulating intraarticular tissue crosstalk is desirable for studying etiologies/pathogenesis of joint diseases and testing potential therapeutics. Herein, a human mesenchymal stem cell-derived miniature joint system (miniJoint) is generated, in which engineered osteochondral complex, synovial-like fibrous tissue, and adipose tissue are integrated into a microfluidics-enabled bioreactor. This novel design facilitates different tissues communicating while still maintaining their respective phenotypes. The miniJoint exhibits physiologically relevant changes when exposed to interleukin-1β mediated inflammation, which are similar to observations in joint diseases in humans. The potential of the miniJoint in predicting in vivo efficacy of drug treatment is confirmed by testing the "therapeutic effect" of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, naproxen, as well as four other potential disease-modifying OA drugs. The data demonstrate that the miniJoint recapitulates complex tissue interactions, thus providing a robust organ chip model for the study of joint pathology and the development of novel therapeutic interventions.
Abandonment of infants by HIV-positive women in Russia and prevention measures (2009)

Since 1990, Russia has experienced a dramatic increase in the number of abandoned children, associated with harsh socio-economic conditions, increases in drug and alcohol addiction and HIV infection. Approximately 20% of infants born to HIV-positive mothers are abandoned in Russia. To find out why, we conducted 266 qualitative interviews in 2004-05 in four Russian cities, including HIV-positive women who had abandoned their infants and others who had not, relatives of the women (mostly their mothers), HIV-negative women who had abandoned, and medical experts. Unintended pregnancy was cited as the most important factor influencing the decision to abandon. Other important determinants included lack of partner and family support, drug abuse, fear of birth defects or disabilities, negative attitudes of medical professionals, and marginalized socio-economic status. HIV infection was closely linked to many of these reasons. Important avenues for interventions among HIV-positive women emerged, including improved contraceptive information and provision, education of medical personnel and women on HIV prevention and treatment, enhancement of social support, and strengthening of fostering and adoption programmes for HIV-affected families.
Solid-Supported Copper Catalysts for Atom-Transfer Radical Cyclizations:  Assessment of Support Type and Ligand Structure on Catalyst Performance in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles (2006)

A range of solid supported pyridinemethanimine 9-11 and polyamine 12-15 ligands have been prepared on silica, polystyrene, and JandaJel supports. The CuCl and CuBr complexes of these supported ligands have been used to assess both the effect of the ligand type and the nature of the support upon a representative range of copper-mediated atom transfer 5-exo-trig 6, 24-25, 5-exo-dig 26, 4-exo-trig 28, and 5-endo-trig 27, 38 radical cyclizations to give nitrogen heterocycles. In addition, the effect of the nature of the support on the stereochemical outcome of the 5-exo cyclization of 25 has been probed. Generally, it was found that the type of support (e.g., polystyrene, silica, or JandaJel) had very little effect upon the efficiency and selectivity of the processes but that the nature of the ligand type immobilized was the important factor. Thus, the 5-exo cyclization of 6 and 24-26 proceeded more rapidly with the PMI ligands 9-11, whereas 4-exo cyclizations 28 and 5-endo radical polar crossover reactions 27 and 38 proceeded more efficiently with the JJ-TEDETA ligand 15. The efficiency of the supported ligands was also compared to their solution counterparts 4 and 5. The reusability of P-PMDETA ligand system 13 was assessed in the cyclization of 6.
Low Cost, Enriched Collagenase-Purified Protease Enzyme Mixtures Successfully Used for Human Islet Isolation (2019)

&lt;bold&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Background&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/bold&gt;: Purified bacterial collagenase and protease enzymes are commonly used to recover human islets from clinical grade pancreata for subsequent clinical islet transplantation. The high cost of purified enzymes can be prohibitive for recovering human islets from research pancreata used for translational research or pre-clinical studies. In this study, we successfully isolated islets from human research pancreata using enriched collagenase products supplemented with BP Protease (DE Collagenase 800 or Collagenase Gold-BP Protease mixtures) that cost significantly less than purified collagenase-protease enzymes used for clinical islet isolation. &lt;bold&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Methods&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/bold&gt;: Defined, enriched collagenase products (DE Collagenase 800 and Collagenase Gold) with a purity comparable to purified clinical collagenase blends (&amp;#x003E; 85% purity) were prepared from &lt;italic&gt;Clostridium histolyticum&lt;/italic&gt; culture supernatants. These products contained primarily intact class I (C1) and class II (C2) at about a 75:25 C1:C2 ratio as determined by analytical anion exchange chromotography. Enriched collagenase-BP Protease mixtures were used at either 19,000-48,000 or 32,500-78,800 neutral protease U (NP U) per g pancreas, and hereafter referred to as low or high protease enzyme mixtures. Each enzyme mixture was diluted up to 350 mL of HBSS and used in a modified Ricordi procedure with isolations performed at three different islet processing centers. &lt;bold&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Results&lt;/italic&gt;&lt;/bold&gt;: Comparison of the biochemical characteristics of enriched collagenase to the purified collagenase products showed the enriched product is comparable and in some cases superior to those higher priced purified collagenase products. The mean post-purification islet yields from three different centers were 4444 and 4261 IEQ/g pancreas when using the high and low protease enzyme mixtures, respectively. The mean stimulation indices calculated after analysis of glucose-stimulated insulin release were 2.68 and 2.11 when using the high and low protease enzyme mixtures, respectively. &lt;bold&gt;&lt;italic&gt;Conclusions&lt;/italic&gt;:&lt;/bold&gt; The use of a low cost enriched collagenase products with biochemical characteristics comparable to purified collagenase enzymes were shown to be as effective in human islet isolation as higher priced products. These data indicate that using enzyme mixtures with high Wunsch activity (measurement of C2 collagenase) may not be required for successful human islet isolation. The amount of Wunsch activity/g tissue can be reduced to 25-50% of the amount currently used by some islet transplant centers for isolating human islets. Further studies are needed to validate enzyme compositions required for successful human islet isolation.
Improvement of 4H-SiC Epitaxial Layers Grown on 2<sup>o</sup> Offcut Si-Face Substrates (2016)

The surface quality of epitaxial layers grown on 2° offcut substrates was improved. These substrates require a lower growth temperature and a lower C/Si ratio than their 4° offcut counterparts to suppress macro step bunching. Surface morphology, triangular defect density, and doping uniformity presented a trade-off relationship with respect to growth parameters. The implementation of a low C/Si ratio buffer layer led to a balance between surface defect density, which reached a minimum of 0.2 cm −2 , and good doping uniformity on an equivalent wafer size (150 mm). An evaluation of metal–oxide–semiconductor capacitors and Schottky barrier diodes fabricated on 2° offcut epitaxial layers showed that the quality of these epitaxial layers was satisfactory for application in devices.
The FIGO Ovulatory Disorders Classification System (2023)

Ovulatory disorders are common causes of amenorrhea, abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility and are frequent manifestations of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). There are many potential causes and contributors to ovulatory dysfunction that challenge clinicians, trainees, educators, and those who perform basic, translational, clinical and epidemiological research. Similarly, therapeutic approaches to ovulatory dysfunction potentially involve a spectrum of lifestyle, psychological, medical and procedural interventions. Collaborative research, effective education and consistent clinical care remain challenged by the absence of a consensus comprehensive system for classification of these disorders. The existing and complex system, attributed to the World Health Organization (WHO), was developed more than three decades ago and did not consider more than 30 years of research into these disorders in addition to technical advances in imaging and endocrinology. This article describes the development of a new classification of ovulatory disorders performed under the aegis of the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) and conducted using a rigorously applied Delphi process. The stakeholder organizations and individuals who participated in this process comprised specialty journals, experts at large, national, specialty obstetrical and gynecological societies, and informed lay representatives. After two face-to-face meetings and five Delphi rounds, the result is a three-level multi-tiered system. The system is applied after a preliminary assessment identifies the presence of an ovulatory disorder. The primary level of the system is based on an anatomic model (Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Ovary) that is completed with a separate category for PCOS. This core component of the system is easily remembered using the acronym HyPO-P. Each anatomic category is stratified in the second layer of the system to provide granularity for investigators, clinicians and trainees using the ‘GAIN-FIT-PIE’ mnemonic (Genetic, Autoimmune, Iatrogenic, Neoplasm; Functional, Infectious and Inflammatory, Trauma and Vascular; Physiological, Idiopathic, Endocrine). The tertiary level allows for specific diagnostic entities. It is anticipated that, if widely adopted, this system will facilitate education, clinical care and the design and interpretation of research in a fashion that better informs progress in this field. Integral to the deployment of this system is a periodic process of reevaluation and appropriate revision, reflecting an improved understanding of this collection of disorders.
Measurement of Emission Lifetime Dynamics and Biexciton Emission Quantum Yield of Individual InAs Colloidal Nanocrystals (2014)

The understanding of the photophysics of visible-emitting colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) has long been aided by single-molecule studies of their emission. Until recently, no suitable detection technologies have existed for corresponding studies of shortwave-infrared (SWIR) emitters. Now, the use of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) enables the detailed study of SWIR NC emission dynamics at the single-emitter level. Here, we report a detailed analysis of the emission dynamics of individual InAs/CdZnS NCs emitting in the SWIR region. We observe blinking akin to the type A and type B blinking previously observed in visible-emitting CdSe NCs. We determine the intrinsic radiative lifetime of several InAs/CdZnS NCs and find examples ranging from 50–200 ns, indicative of a quasi-type-II electronic structure. We also measure g0(2) for several of these NCs and find that their biexciton emission quantum yields vary from <1% up to 43%.
Potassium iodide potentiates antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation mediated by Rose Bengal: in vitro and in vivo studies (2018)

Rose Bengal (RB) is a halogenated xanthene dye that has been used to mediate antimicrobial photodynamic inactivation. While highly active against Gram-positive bacteria, RB is largely inactive in killing Gram-negative bacteria. We have discovered that addition of the non-toxic salt potassium iodide (100mM) potentiates green light (540nm)-mediated killing by up to six extra logs with Gramnegative bacteria Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Gram-positive methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and fungal yeast Candida albicans. The mechanism is proposed to be singlet oxygen addition to iodide anion to form peroxyiodide, which decomposes into radicals, finally forms hydrogen peroxide and molecular iodine. The effects of these different bactericidal species can be teased apart by comparing killing in three different scenarios: (1) cells+RB+KI are mixed together then illuminated with green light; (2) cells+RB are centrifuged then KI added then green light; (3) RB+KI+green light then cells added after light. We showed that KI could potentiate RBPDT in a mouse model of skin abrasions infected with bioluminescent P.aeruginosa.
pH optimization of gut cellulase and xylanase activities from the eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae). (2009)

Cellulolytic and xylanolytic termite gut carbohydrolases were assayed in buffers at pH 4.0 to 7.5 for eastern subterranean termite workers, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar). The buffer/pH combinations that maximized activity within a gut region were 0.1 M pH 5.5 sodium acetate for endoglucanase and xylanase assays and 0.1M pH 6.5 sodium phosphate for exoglucanase and β-glucosidase assays. Endoglucanase activity increased in all gut regions as pH increased from 4 to 5.0-5.5. Highest endoglucanase activity in the foregut was achieved at a pH of 6.5, and foregut activity remained stable as pH increased to 7.5. However, both midgut and hindgut activities were greatest at a pH of 5.5. β-glucosidase activities in hindgut extract showed the most dramatic increase in activities across pH, increasing about 7 fold between pH 5 and 7. β-glucosidase activities were negligible at or below pH 5.5. Hindgut exoglucanase activities were consistentlygreaterwith increasingpH, following a sigmoid curve with the greatest differences in activity between pH 5.5 and 7 and negligible activity below a pH of 6. Hindgut xylanase activity followed a reverse trend with greatest activity at pH 4.5 and the greatest downward trend from pH 5.5 to 7.5. It appears that crystalline cellulose is more easily digested at elevated pHs, and that the higher pH found in localized areas of higher termites may actually have evolved to enhance the activity of exoglucanases ; whereas xylan digestion is optimal in acid environments and could be sacrificed in order to more efficiently digest cellulose.
High efficiency direct liquid jet impingement cooling of high power devices using a 3D-shaped polymer cooler (2017)

A novel 3D-shaped polymer multi-jet impingement cooler based on low cost fabrication techniques is introduced for high performance applications. This paper presents the modeling study, design, fabrication, experimental characterization and benchmarking of this cooling concept, showing a very good thermal performance with low required pumping power.
Fosfomycin vs Ertapenem for Outpatient Treatment of Complicated Urinary Tract Infections: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study (2021)

These results would support the conduct of a randomized controlled trial to verify efficacy. In the meantime, they suggest that fosfomycin may be a reasonable stepdown from IV antibiotics for cUTI.
Ultra-wideband tapered slot antenna with band cutoff characteristic (2005)

A novel ultra-wideband (UWB) tapered slot antenna (TSA) is proposed that has both enhanced impedance bandwidth enough to cover UWB systems and band cutoff characteristic of 5 GHz WLAN band limited by IEEE802.11a and HIPERLAN/2. To achieve these two characteristics of wide bandwidth and partial band cutoff at the TSA, a broadband microstrip–slotline transition with multi-arm stubs and λ/4 short stubs, respectively, is used. From measured results, it is observed that wide bandwidth of about 2 octaves from 2.8 to 11.09 GHz for the VSWR&lt;2 is achieved, while 5.05–5.93 GHz is cutoff with the radiated power of this cutoff band effectively suppressed as about −9 dB for the peak power level of other bands.
Distributed Probabilistic Scheduling in OFDMA Uplink using Subcarrier Sensing (2009)

Distributed uplink scheduling in OFDMA systems is considered. In the proposed scenario, mobile users have the responsibility of making their own transmission decisions. Users are grouped into categories according to their channel state on each subcarrier. Users from each category decide on their own transmission by waiting for a random delay then transmitting with a certain probability. The proposed algorithm is completely distributed and does not require scheduling effort from the base station. Although no centralized control is present in the proposed approach, promising results are achieved in terms of throughput and fairness.
Omics Technologies to Understand Activation of a Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Micromonospora sp. WMMB235: Deciphering Keyicin Biosynthesis (2019)

DNA sequencing of a large collection of bacterial genomes reveals a wealth of orphan biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) with no identifiable products. BGC silencing, for those orphan clusters that are truly silent, rather than those whose products have simply evaded detection and cluster correlation, is postulated to result from transcriptional inactivation of these clusters under standard laboratory conditions. Here, we employ a multi-omics approach to demonstrate how interspecies interactions modulate the keyicin producing kyc cluster at the transcriptome level in cocultures of kyc-bearing Micromonospora sp. and a Rhodococcus sp. We further correlate coculture dependent changes in keyicin production to changes in transcriptomic and proteomic profiles and show that these changes are attributable to small molecule signaling consistent with a quorum sensing pathway. In piecing together the various elements underlying keyicin production in coculture, this study highlights how omics technologies can expedite future efforts to understand and exploit silent BGCs.
Activatable Water-Soluble Probes Enhance Tumor Imaging by Responding to Dysregulated pH and Exhibiting High Tumor-to-Liver Fluorescence Emission Contrast (2016)

Dysregulated pH has been recognized as a universal tumor microenvironment signature that can delineate tumors from normal tissues. Existing fluorescent probes that activate in response to pH are hindered by either fast clearance (in the case of small molecules) or high liver background emission (in the case of large particles). There remains a need to design water-soluble, long circulating, pH-responsive nanoprobes with high tumor-to-liver contrast. Herein, we report a modular chemical strategy to create acidic pH-sensitive and water-soluble fluorescent probes for high in vivo tumor detection and minimal liver activation. A combination of a modified Knoevenagel reaction and PEGylation yielded a series of NIR BODIPY fluorophores with tunable pKas, high quantum yield, and optimal orbital energies to enable photoinduced electron transfer (PeT) activation in response to pH. After intravenous administration, Probe 5c localized to tumors and provided excellent tumor-to-liver contrast (apparent T/L = 3) because it minimally activates in the liver. This phenomenon was further confirmed by direct ex vivo imaging experiments on harvested organs. Because no targeting ligands were required, we believe that this report introduces a versatile strategy to directly synthesize soluble probes with broad potential utility including fluorescence-based image-guided surgery, cancer diagnosis, and theranostic nanomedicine.
A functional assessment of insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I hybrid receptors. (1995)

Insulin/insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) hybrid receptors are composed of an alpha beta-heterodimer from an insulin receptor and an alpha beta-heterodimer from an IGF-I receptor. In this study, we evaluate the effect of insulin receptor overexpression on hybrid formation. The more human insulin receptors expressed in rodent fibroblasts, the greater the percentage of endogenous rat IGF-I receptors that form hybrid receptors. The IGF-I receptor in rodent fibroblasts has two receptor isoforms, one with a 95-kilodalton (kDa) beta-subunit and one with an 105 kDa beta-subunit. A truncated mutant insulin receptor was used to demonstrate that only activated IGF-I receptors with the 105-kDa beta-subunit form hybrid receptors with the insulin receptor. Insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptors with a kinase-defective insulin heterodimer undergo trans and a small amount of cis autophosphorylation, but overall autophosphorylation is markedly decreased from that seen in hybrids with a kinase-competent insulin receptor. The kinase-defective insulin receptor heterodimer functions as a dominant-negative, inhibiting phosphorylation by the kinase-competent IGF-I receptor heterodimer. The kinase-defective hybrid receptors are, however, able to undergo internalization. Despite an increasing percentage of insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptors in the three cell lines studied, the rates of IGF-I internalization and degradation remain similar to those mediated by the IGF-I receptor and distinct from those of insulin receptor heterotetramers. In conclusion, IGF-I-stimulated insulin/IGF-I hybrid receptors function like IGF-I receptors, rather than like insulin receptors.
3.4: Flexible Active‐Matrix Displays (2005)

Abstract Plastic Logic has developed a process for organic TFT backplane deposition that is fully compatible with low glass transition temperature, inexpensive plastic substrates. We have combined backplanes made with this process with microencapsulated electrophoretic imaging films to make 50 and 100PPI displays that are flexible down to a radius of curvature of 5mm. This process is scalable and is being implemented in a pilot line for substrate sizes up to 350mm × 350mm.
Toward low-cost biological and hybrid biological/catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass to fuels (2022)

Hybrid processes, featuring biological conversion of lignocellulose to small molecules followed by chemo-catalytic conversion to larger molecules suitable for difficult-to-electrify transport modes, are a promising route to biomass-derived fuels in demand for climate stabilization.
Measurement of Long-Range Near-Side Two-Particle Angular Correlations in p p Collisions at √s = 13 TeV (2016)

Artículo escrito por un elevado número de autores, solo se referencian el que aparece en primer lugar, el nombre del grupo de colaboración, si le hubiere, y los autores pertenecientes a la UAM