gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Benchmarking optimal utilisation of residential distributed generation with load control (2013)

In this paper we develop a mathematical model of the power usage of a community of 7 typical New Zealand houses with realistic demand profiles. Using mixed-integer programming (MIP) we apply load shifting and energy management techniques to minimise the overall cost of power. The loads are controlled based on their energy and state of charge, and a meaningful representation of energy has been ascribed to loads that do not intuitively have `energy'. It is proposed that modeling the loads in this fashion can provide guarantees to the consumer that their consumption habits will be uninfluenced by load control. Within these energy bounds, the MIP finds the optimal allocation of a set of loads for two scenarios: maximising utilization of a local wind resource in a fixed electricity price environment, and in an hourly time-of-use (ToU) price environment. The MIP provides two key insights useful in the development of real-time load control methodologies: firstly it highlights the optimal utilization of wind for certain time periods in a given day; and secondly it quantifies the maximum value that can actually be extracted by time-shifting all of the loads within a specific system. The MIP henceforth serves as a benchmark against which near-optimal load control algorithms can be compared in simulation and validated in practice.
Normal cell phenotypes of breast epithelial cells provide the foundation of a breast cancer taxonomy (2014)

The current classification system for breast cancer is based on expression of empirical prognostic and predictive biomarkers. As an alternative, we propose a hypothesis-based ontological breast cancer classification modeled after the taxonomy of species in evolutionary biology. This approach uses normal breast epithelial cell types and differentiation lineages as the gold standard to classify tumors. We show that there are at least eleven previously undefined normal cell types in human breast epithelium and that each breast carcinoma is related to one of these normal cell types. We find that triple negative breast cancers do not have a 'basal-like' phenotype. Normal breast epithelial cells conform to four novel hormonal differentiation states and almost all human breast tumors duplicate one of these hormonal differentiation states which have significant survival differences. This ontological classification scheme provides actionable treatment strategies and provides an alternative approach for understanding tumor biology with wide-ranging implications for tumor taxonomy.
Identification of the most active interleukin‐32 isoform (2008)

Cytokines are crucial in host defence against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. A newly described cytokine, interleukin-32 (IL-32), induces various proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6) and chemokines in both human and mouse cells through the nuclear factor-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inflammatory signal pathway. The IL-32 primarily acts on monocytic cells rather than T cells. In an attempt to isolate the IL-32 soluble receptor, we used an IL-32 ligand-affinity column to purify neutrophil proteinase 3, which is a serine proteinase involved in many inflammatory diseases. IL-32 has biological activity associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and chronic proinflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. IL-32 is transcribed as six alternative splice variants and the biological activity of each individual isoform remains unknown. Here, we cloned the complementary DNA of the four IL-32 isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma and delta) that are the most representative IL-32 transcripts. To produce recombinant protein with a high yield, the amino acids of two cysteine residues were mutated to serine residues, because serine residues are not conserved among different species. The multi-step purified recombinant IL-32 isoform proteins were assessed for their biological activities with different cytokine assays. The gamma isoform of IL-32 was the most active, although all isoforms were biologically active. The present study will provide a specific target to neutralize endogenous IL-32, which may contribute to basic and clinical immunology.
Resistance torque control for steer-by-wire system to improve human–machine interface (2010)

A steer-by-wire system, which has no mechanical constraints between steering wheel and front wheel, is expected to improve steering performance. The mechanical resistance torque is not transmitted from the front wheel to the steering wheel, and it is essential to simulate the torque around the steering wheel for better human-machine interface. Previous studies investigated resistance torque control originating from vehicle behaviour variables such as yaw rate and lateral acceleration. However, other variables such as steering wheel angle and front wheel actuation force are also good candidate sources to generate resistance torque. In this paper, first, four general guidelines are introduced to evaluate three types of resistance torques, i.e., the steering wheel angle origin, the steering force origin and the vehicle behaviour origin. First two guidelines are for ‘driver-made’ phase to make a turn, while the third guideline is for ‘vehicle-made’ phase to return to straight driving and the fourth one is the applicability guideline. Satisfaction of these guidelines by each of the three resistance torques is examined by the actual vehicle experiment. A necessity of combining these three types of resistance torques is indicated as a future subject.
Evaluation of seven drug metabolisms and clearances by cryopreserved human primary hepatocytes cultivated in microfluidic biochips (2012)

We present characterization of the metabolic performance of human cryopreserved hepatocytes cultivated in a platform of parallelized microfluidic biochips. The RTqPCR analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of the cytochromes P450 (CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C8, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 2E1, 3A4) were reduced after the adhesion period (when compared to the post-thawing step). The microfluidic perfusion played a part in stabilizing and partially recovering the levels of the HNF4α, PXR, OAPT2, CYP 1A2, 2B6, 2C19 and 3A4 mRNA on contrary to non-perfused cultures. Fluorescein diacetate staining and P-gp mRNA level illustrated the hepatocytes' polarity in the biochips. Drug metabolism was assessed using midazolam, tolbutamide, caffeine, omeprazole, dextromethorphan, acetaminophen and repaglinide as probes. Metabolite detection and quantification revealed that CYP1A2 (via the detection of paraxanthine), CYP3A4 (via 1-OH-midazolam, and omeprazole sulfone detection), CYP2C8 (via hydroxyl-repaglinide detection), CYP2C19 (via hydroxy-omeprazole detection) and CYP2D6 (via dextrorphan detection) were functional in our microfluidic configurations. Furthermore, the RTqPCR analysis showed that the drugs acted as inductors leading to overexpression of mRNA levels when compared to post-thawing values (such as for HNF4α, PXR and CYP3A4 by dextromethorpahn and omeprazole). Finally, intrinsic in vitro biochip clearances were extracted using a PBPK model for predictions. The biochip predictions were compared to literature in vitro data and in vivo situations.
Aftertreatment of 1:2 metal complex acid dyes on conventional and microtibre nylon 6. 6 with a commercial syntan/cation system (1998)

Dyeings (2% owf) were produced on conventional and microfibre nylon 6. 6 fabrics using unsulphonated, monosulphonated and disulphonated 1:2 metal complex acid dyes. When subjected to the ISO 105:C06/C2 wash test, the wash fastness behaviour of the dyeings was related to the degree of sulphonation of the dyes. Aftertreatment of the dyeings using a commercial syntan improved the wash fastness of the dyeings whereas the sequential application of a cationic compound to the syntanned dyeings caused a further improvement in wash fastness.
Materials development for flexible displays (2012)

In this paper we report on the TFT performance of new organic n-channel semiconductors exhibiting very large carrier mobilities (2–3 cm2/Vs for injket-printed TFTs, >10 cm2/Vs for single crystals), exceptional bias tress and thermal stress stability. Finally, flexible EPDs were fabricated using these materials.
Short and Simple Preparation of N‐Boc‐Protected Anthranilic Acid tert‐Butyl Esters from 2‐Bromo‐Anilines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Using Software Repositories to Investigate Socio-technical Congruence in Development Projects (2007)

We propose a quantitative measure of socio- technical congruence as an indicator of the performance of an organization in carrying out a software development project. We show how the information necessary to implement that measure can be mined from commonly used software repositories, and we describe how socio-technical congruence can be computed based on that information.
Reactivity of a Carbon-Supported Single-Site Molybdenum Dioxo Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis (2016)

A single-site molybdenum dioxo catalyst, (Oc)2Mo(═O)2@C, was prepared via direct grafting of MoO2Cl2(dme) (dme = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) on high-surface-area activated carbon. The physicochemical and chemical properties of this catalyst were fully characterized by N2 physisorption, ICP-AES/OES, PXRD, STEM, XPS, XAS, temperature-programmed reduction with H2 (TPR-H2), and temperature-programmed NH3 desorption (TPD-NH3). The single-site nature of the Mo species is corroborated by XPS and TPR-H2 data, and it exhibits the lowest reported MoOx Tmax of reduction reported to date, suggesting a highly reactive MoVI center. (Oc)2Mo(═O)2@C catalyzes the transesterification of a variety of esters and triglycerides with ethanol, exhibiting high activity at moderate temperatures (60–90 °C) and with negligible deactivation. (Oc)2Mo(═O)2@C is resistant to water and can be recycled at least three times with no loss of activity. The transesterification reaction is determined experimentally to be first order in [ethanol] and first order in [Mo] with ΔH⧧ = 10.5(8) kcal mol–1 and ΔS⧧ = −32(2) eu. The low energy of activation is consistent with the moderate conditions needed to achieve rapid turnover. This highly active carbon-supported single-site molybdenum dioxo species is thus an efficient, robust, and low-cost catalyst with significant potential for transesterification processes.
Cation‐Directed Dimeric versus Tetrameric Assemblies of Lanthanide‐Stabilized Dilacunary Keggin Tungstogermanates (2014)

Reaction of mid- to late lanthanide ions with GeO2 and Na2WO4 in NaOAc buffer results in a library of [Ln2 (GeW10O38)](6-) clusters (Ln2), which consist of dilacunary Keggin fragments stabilized by the insertion of 4f atoms in the vacant sites and show the ability to undergo cation-directed self-assembly processes. In the presence of Na(+), two β-Ln2 subunits assemble by means of Ln-O(WO5)-Ln bridges to form the chiral [Ln4(H2O)6(β-GeW10O38)2](12-) dimeric anions (ββ-Ln4, Ln = Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). When Cs(+) is present, two Ln4-like dimers further assemble into the [{Ln4(H2O)5(GeW10O38)2}2](24-) species (Ln8, Ln = Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu). Two types of tetramers coexist in the solid state: One shows a full ββ-Ln8 architecture, whereas the other one is a mixed αβ-Ln8 assembly in which each β-subunit is linked to its corresponding α-Ln2 derivative. Regardless of differences in isomeric forms and the relative arrangement of Ln2 subunits, all anions display virtually identical {Ln4} cores as a common structural feature. A combination of ESI mass spectrometry and (183)W NMR spectroscopy experiments indicates that Ln8 tetramers fragment into Ln4 dimers upon dissolution, which undergo partial dissociation into Ln2 monomers and slow dimer/monomer equilibration. This is most likely followed by β-to-α isomerization of Ln2 clusters with consequent reassembly, as indicated by isolation of three additional αα-Ln4 derivatives. Magnetic and photoluminescence properties in the Na-ββ-Ln4 series are also discussed.
Organocations in Zeolite Synthesis:  Fused Bicyclo [l.m.0] Cations and the Discovery of Zeolite SSZ-48 (2002)

A set of zeolite synthesis experiments is described where lattice substitution is varied in the context of the structure of particular structure-directing organocations (at times referred to as templates). In this particular series, the organocations are constructed as members of a fused bicyclo organonitrogen class of compounds, described as having ring construction [l.m.n], where n = 0. We show that these compounds can best be achieved from starting cyclic ketones that are converted to imines via a Beckman rearrangement reaction. A particular approach to the Beckmann reaction works best in our hands. In some instances isomeric organocations are made and separated. Often their use in zeolite synthesis led to different products. There is a high correlation for the space-filling details of the guest organocations and the type of crystalline host lattice developed in the synthesis. In one instance involving isomers of a decahydroquinoline derivative, a new zeolite, SSZ-48, is discovered and contains only one of the isomers. Characterization of the isomers and their use in the zeolites is followed by (13)C MAS NMR analyses. Some details of the new zeolite are given and it is shown that a reasonable symmetry operation predicting a 14-ring zeolite could be generated under similar conditions to SSZ-48 (a 12-ring zeolite).
Towards automated performance diagnosis in a large IPTV network (2009)

IPTV is increasingly being deployed and offered as a commercial service to residential broadband customers. Compared with traditional ISP networks, an IPTV distribution network (i) typically adopts a hierarchical instead of mesh-like structure, (ii) imposes more stringent requirements on both reliability and performance, (iii) has different distribution protocols (which make heavy use of IP multicast) and traffic patterns, and (iv) faces more serious scalability challenges in managing millions of network elements. These unique characteristics impose tremendous challenges in the effective management of IPTV network and service.In this paper, we focus on characterizing and troubleshooting performance issues in one of the largest IPTV networks in North America. We collect a large amount of measurement data from a wide range of sources, including device usage and error logs, user activity logs, video quality alarms, and customer trouble tickets. We develop a novel diagnosis tool called Giza that is specifically tailored to the enormous scale and hierarchical structure of the IPTV network. Giza applies multi-resolution data analysis to quickly detect and localize regions in the IPTV distribution hierarchy that are experiencing serious performance problems. Giza then uses several statistical data mining techniques to troubleshoot the identified problems and diagnose their root causes. Validation against operational experiences demonstrates the effectiveness of Giza in detecting important performance issues and identifying interesting dependencies. The methodology and algorithms in Giza promise to be of great use in IPTV network operations.
Effects of axial stretching on the resistivity of carbon black filled silicone rubber (1983)

Abstract The resistance and resistivity of Ketjenblack EC/silicone rubber compounds were studied as function of strain in constant strain rate experiments. Both strain and rate of strain affect the electrical resistivity of the compounds. Such effects are carbon black concentration dependent. Ketjenblack EC, a low structure black, is shown to behave differently than other blacks of high structure in the electrical resistivity‐strain experiments. The resistivity in the straining experiments is determined by the transient distribution of the conductive particle array.
Energy-efficient joint unicast and multicast beamforming with multi-antenna user terminals (2017)

This paper studies energy-efficient joint transmit and receive beamforming in multi-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output systems. We consider conventional network energy efficiency metric where the users can receive unicasting streams in addition to the group-specific common multicasting streams which have certain rate constraints. The goal is to use the transmission resources more efficiently to improve the energy efficiency, when the users are equipped with multiple antennas. Numerical results show the achieved energy efficiency gains by using the additional degrees of freedom of the multicasting transmission to private message unicasting.
Decay of201–203Raand200–202Fr (2014)

Decay properties of the neutron-deficient nuclides ${}^{201--203}\mathrm{Ra}$ and ${}^{200--202}\mathrm{Fr}$ were investigated using $\ensuremath{\alpha}$- and $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-decay spectroscopy. The nuclei were produced in fusion-evaporation reactions of ${}^{56}$Fe projectiles with enriched ${}^{147}$Sm and ${}^{149}$Sm targets at the velocity filter SHIP at GSI in Darmstadt (Germany). The $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decay from the (3/2${}^{\ensuremath{-}}$) state in ${}^{201}$Ra was identified with an energy ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=7842(12)$ keV and half-life ${T}_{1/2}={8}_{\ensuremath{-}4}^{+40}$ ms. Ambiguous decay properties for ${}^{202}$Ra from previous measurements were clarified by remeasuring with significantly improved precision, resulting in values of ${E}_{\ensuremath{\alpha}}=7722(7)$ keV and ${T}_{1/2}=3.{8}_{\ensuremath{-}0.8}^{+1.3}$ ms. New short-lived isomeric states were identified in ${}^{200}$Fr and ${}^{201}$Fr with half-lives of 0.6${}_{\ensuremath{-}0.2}^{+0.5}$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$s and 0.7${}_{\ensuremath{-}0.2}^{+0.5}$ $\ensuremath{\mu}$s, respectively. A tentative spin and parity of 13/2${}^{+}$ were assigned to the latter. One event attributed to $\ensuremath{\beta}$-delayed fission of ${}^{200}$Fr was observed.
Function of the SNARE Ykt6 on autophagosomes requires the Dsl1 complex and the Atg1 kinase complex (2020)

The mechanism and regulation of fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes/vacuoles are still only partially understood in both yeast and mammals. In yeast, this fusion step requires SNARE proteins, the homotypic vacuole fusion and protein sorting (HOPS) tethering complex, the RAB7 GTPase Ypt7, and its guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Mon1-Ccz1. We and others recently identified Ykt6 as the autophagosomal SNARE protein. However, it has not been resolved when and how lipid-anchored Ykt6 is recruited onto autophagosomes. Here, we show that Ykt6 is recruited at an early stage of the formation of these carriers through a mechanism that depends on endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident Dsl1 complex and COPII-coated vesicles. Importantly, Ykt6 activity on autophagosomes is regulated by the Atg1 kinase complex, which inhibits Ykt6 through direct phosphorylation. Thus, our findings indicate that the Ykt6 pool on autophagosomal membranes is kept inactive by Atg1 phosphorylation, and once an autophagosome is ready to fuse with vacuole, Ykt6 dephosphorylation allows its engagement in the fusion event.
13C, 25Mg and 11B solid‐state NMR study of a fire retarded ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (1997)

Abstract Flame retardance of ethylene‐vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) can be achieved using magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH) 2 ) incorporated in the polymeric matrix. The adduct of small amount of zinc borate as synergistic agent in the formulation increases the fire‐proofing properties. Multinuclei solid‐state NMR appears as a powerful means to characterise materials before and after combustion. We show that endothermic dehydration, water vapour evolved and formation of a glassy coating provide the flame retardancy of interest to the polymeric matrix.
Isomeric Quinoxalinedicarbonitrile as Color-Managing Acceptors of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters (2019)

Highly efficient yellow and red thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) organic light-emitting diodes were developed using two quinoxalinedicarbonitrile units, quinoxaline-6,7-dicarbonitrile (6,7-DCQx) and quinoxaline-5,8-dicarbonitrile (5,8-DCQx) as electron acceptors, and t-butylcarbazole or 9,9-dimethylacridan as electron donors. The strong electron-withdrawing capability of the 5,8-DCQx and 6,7-DCQx acceptors enabled from yellow to red emission in the TADF emitters. Comparing 5,8-DCQx and 6,7-DCQx, a red-shifted emission by about 40 nm was observed in the 5,8-DCQx acceptor-based emitters, but the external quantum efficiency of the TADF devices was over 20% irrespective of the acceptor, proving the usefulness of the two acceptor moieties as the building blocks of the TADF emitters. Therefore, the quinoxalinedicarbonitrile acceptors are promising as the acceptor moiety for designing yellow or red TADF emitters.
Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics, ICINCO 2011, Noordwijkerhout, The Netherlands, 28 - 31 July, 2011 Revised Selected Papers (2011)

International audience
Physical Insights Into the ESD Behavior of Drain Extended FinFETs (DeFinFETs) and Unique Current Filament Dynamics (2020)

Single and multi-Fin behavior of drain-extended FinFET (DeFinFET) devices under low and high current injection conditions is studied using detailed 3-D TCAD simulations. For completeness, electrostatic discharge (ESD) behavior of both shallow trench isolation (STI)-type and non-STI-type DeFinFET devices is studied. Under low current injection, junction breakdown, parasitic bipolar turn-on, as well as the onset of space charge modulation and its implications on high current behavior are explored. Under high current injection, the role of space charge modulation in electrothermal instability and filament formation is discussed. Unique filament spreading behavior has been discovered in DeFinFETs. Fin-based construction was found responsible for filament spreading. The interplay among bipolar turn-on, bipolar efficiency, filament density, and nature of filament spreading is explained.
Vulcanithermus mediatlanticus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Thermaceae from a deep-sea hot vent (2003)

A novel thermophilic, microaerophilic, facultatively chemolithoheterotrophic bacterium designated strain TR(T) was isolated from a sample of a deep-sea hydrothermal chimney collected at the Rainbow vent field on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge (36 degrees 14'N). Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods occurred singly or in pairs. The organism grew in the temperature range 37-80 degrees C with an optimum at 70 degrees C and at pH 5.5-8.4 with an optimum around 6.7. The NaCl range for growth was 10-50 g l(-1) with an optimum of 30 g l(-1). Strain TR(T) grew chemoorganoheterotrophically with carbohydrates, proteinaceous substrates, organic acids and alcohols using oxygen or nitrate as electron acceptors. The isolate was able to grow at oxygen concentrations from 0.5 to 21%. Oxygen concentrations that promoted fastest growth ranged from 4 to 8% under agitation. The novel isolate was able to grow lithoheterotrophically with molecular hydrogen as the energy source. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 68.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequence placed strain TR(T) within the phylum Deinococcus-Thermus of the Bacteria. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that this isolate should be described as a member of a novel species of a new genus as Vulcanithermus mediatlanticus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is TR(T) (= DSM 14978T = VKM B-2292T = JCM 11956T).