gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microbiome data analysis with applications to pre-clinical studies using QIIME2: Statistical considerations (2019)

Diversity analysis and taxonomic profiles can be generated from marker-gene sequence data with the help of many available computational tools. The Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology Version 2 (QIIME2) has been widely used for 16S rRNA data analysis. While many articles have demonstrated the use of QIIME2 with suitable datasets, the application to pre-clinical data has rarely been talked about. The issues involved in the pre-clinical data include the low-quality score and small sample size that should be addressed properly during analysis. In addition, there are few articles that discuss the detailed statistical methods behind those alpha and beta diversity significance tests that researchers are eager to find. Running the program without knowing the logic behind it is extremely risky. In this article, we first provide a guideline for analyzing 16S rRNA data using QIIME2. Then we will talk about issues in pre-clinical data, and how they could impact the outcome. Finally, we provide brief explanations of statistical methods such as group significance tests and sample size calculation.
Discrete‐Time Processing of RF Signals (2010)

Signal processing in a radio-frequency (RF) receiver consists of three fundamental elements: frequency translation, filtering, and amplification. These three elements are necessary in order to precondition the RF signal so that efficient analog-to-digital conversion of the signal desired can follow. This chapter argues that metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) switches have benefited significantly from complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) scaling. It examines operation of a single-balanced current-switching mixer with a single-ended output. The chapter reviews the general framework for constructing discrete-time filters using passive switched-capacitor circuits. There are two types of discrete-time filters, infinite impulse response (IIR) and finite impulse response (FIR) filters. Noise in a passive switched-capacitor filter originates from the thermal noise within each of the constituent MOS switches. The chapter focuses on modeling the various nonidealities of the input transconductor and analyzing their impact on the overall filter transfer function. Controlled Vocabulary Terms filtering theory; finite impulse response filters; radio frequency; thermal noise; transistors
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Synthesis Protocol to Prepare Topographically Constrained β‐Substituted Aromatic Amino Acids (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Generation of Monodisperse Particles by Using Microfluidics: Control over Size, Shape, and Composition (2004)

Miniaturisierte Technik: Eine neue Strategie für die größen-, form- und zusammensetzungsspezifische Herstellung monodisperser Kolloidpartikel wird vorgestellt. Hoch monodisperse Flüssigkeitstropfen werden mithilfe einer Mikrofluidikvorrichtung gebildet. Die Tropfen werden in einem Mikrokanal in Form gebracht (Kugeln, Scheiben und Stäbe; siehe Bilder) und in situ entweder durch Polymerisation oder durch Thermofixierung verfestigt.
Generation Expansion Planning in Switzerland Considering Climate Change Scenarios (2022)

In this work a formulation of the generation expansion planning problem is applied to the detailed Swiss power system to study the impacts of possible climate-driven changes in hydro inflows on the country's generation portfolio in 2050. To capture the influence of electricity trade on the investment decisions, we include an aggregated representation of the production capacities of the surrounding countries under a net-zero GHG emission scenario and market-based tie line constraints. Our results show that investing in new generators in Switzerland is more economically viable than relying only on imports regardless of the simulated hydrological conditions. Despite the projected annual decrease in hydro inflows during a typical hydrological year impacted by climate change, the total system costs are lower compared to a typical year under current climate conditions. This is due to the fact that in the future we expect wetter winters and thus more water during months when the system load is higher.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Motuporin (Nodularin‐V). (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ensemble Distribution Distillation (2020)

Ensembles of models often yield improvements in system performance. These ensemble approaches have also been empirically shown to yield robust measures of uncertainty, and are capable of distinguishing between different forms of un- certainty. However, ensembles come at a computational and memory cost which may be prohibitive for many applications. There has been significant work done on the distillation of an ensemble into a single model. Such approaches decrease computational cost and allow a single model to achieve an accuracy comparable to that of an ensemble. However, information about the diversity of the ensemble, which can yield estimates of different forms of uncertainty, is lost. This work considers the novel task of Ensemble Distribution Distillation (EnD2) — distilling the distribution of the predictions from an ensemble, rather than just the average prediction, into a single model. EnD2 enables a single model to retain both the improved classification performance of ensemble distillation as well as information about the diversity of the ensemble, which is useful for uncertainty estimation. A solution for EnD2 based on Prior Networks, a class of models which allow a single neural network to explicitly model a distribution over output distributions, is proposed in this work. The properties of EnD2 are investigated on both an artificial dataset, and on the CIFAR-10, CIFAR-100 and TinyImageNet datasets, where it is shown that EnD2 can approach the classification performance of an ensemble, and outperforms both standard DNNs and Ensemble Distillation on the tasks of misclassification and out-of-distribution input detection.
A Bench-scale Unit for Continuous Extraction of Red Colorant from Sunflower Hulls (1993)

The continuous, countercurrent solvent extraction of anthocyanin pigment from purple-hulled sunflower was investigated with the object of developing a simple, inexpensive process which could be easily scaled to larger capacities. The pigment is believed to have commercial potential as a natural red food colorant. A bench-scale screw-type extractor was developed and evaluated, using distilled water as the solvent and ground hulls from the Neagra de Cluj cultivar of purple-hulled sunflower. The extractor unit allowed for the evaluation of effects of solvent temperature and solvent:hulls ratio on the pigment yield, chemical stability, and dry weight content of pigment in extracts under approximately continuous, steady-state conditions.
A fast, linear Boltzmann transport equation solver for computed tomography dose calculation (Acuros CTD) (2018)

In this digital phantom study, a deterministic LBTE solver was capable of fast and accurate organ dose estimates.
MRI using a concentric rings trajectory (2007)

The concentric rings two-dimensional (2D) k-space trajectory provides an alternative way to sample polar data. By collecting 2D k-space data in a series of rings, many unique properties are observed. The concentric rings are inherently centric-ordered, provide a smooth weighting in k-space, and enable shorter total scan times. Due to these properties, the concentric rings are well-suited as a readout trajectory for magnetization-prepared studies. When non-Cartesian trajectories are used for MRI, off-resonance effects can cause blurring and degrade the image quality. For the concentric rings, off-resonance blur can be corrected by retracing rings near the center of k-space to obtain a field map with no extra excitations, and then employing multifrequency reconstruction. Simulations show that the concentric rings exhibit minimal effects due to T(2) (*) modulation, enable shorter scan times for a Nyquist-sampled dataset than projection-reconstruction imaging or Cartesian 2D Fourier transform (2DFT) imaging, and have more spatially distributed flow and motion properties than Cartesian sampling. Experimental results show that off-resonance blurring can be successfully corrected to obtain high-resolution images. Results also show that concentric rings effectively capture the intended contrast in a magnetization-prepared sequence.
Tritium Assay by Liquid Scintillation Spectrometry (1960)

Data have been presented which indicate that the liquid scintillation spectrometer provides a convenient and accurate method for the assay of tritium in body fluids. By means of arterial disappearance curves and comparative measurements of concentrations in plasma, transudates, and cerebrospinal fluid from 1 to 6 hours after simultaneous injection, the distribution rates of tritiated water were compared to those of deuterium oxide. No significant difference was found in the behavior of these tracers under the conditions of this study. It is concluded, therefore, that THO and D 2 O are equally reliable for studies on the kinetics of water distribution and for the measurement of total body water.
Strain and process development for the production of human cytokines in (2002)

The early status of strain development for the production of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-10, and interferon (IFN) gamma is described. The general approach to generating such strains was to amplify gene sequences encoding the mature forms of the various cytokines by PCR from commercially available cDNA sources. The design of the amplificates allowed an in-frame fusion to an MFalpha1 leader segment contained in two basic expression vectors, pFPMT121-MFalpha1 and pTPSMT-MFalpha1. The two vectors differ in that one harbors the methanol-inducible FMD promoter and the other the constitutive TPS1 promoter as control elements for heterologous gene expression. The most advanced process development example is that of IFNalpha-2a. Here, the MOX promoter derived from another key gene of methanol metabolism is used for expression control. The successful development of a production process for Hansenula polymorpha-derived IFNalpha-2a is summarized. This was achieved by combining genetic engineering of suitable production strains with improved processing capabilities for the secreted cytokine, and by purification procedures from cultures grown in yeast extract-peptone-glycerol-based media.
Diagnosis and drug treatment of extraoesophageal reflux (2008)

Abstract Gastric reflux is not only associated with heartburn and dyspepsia but can also cause a wide range of extraoesophageal conditions. Here the authors describe the recommended management of extraoesophageal reflex. Copyright © 2008 Wiley Interface Ltd
Protein classification using neural networks. (1993)

We have recently described a method based on Artificial Neural Networks to cluster protein sequences into families. The network was trained with Kohonen's unsupervised-learning algorithm using, as inputs, matrix patterns derived from the bipeptide composition of the proteins. We show here the application of that method to classify 1758 protein sequences, using as inputs a limited number of principal components of the bipeptidic matrices. As a result of training, the network self-organized the activation of its neurons into a topologically ordered map, in which proteins belonging to a known family (immunoglobulins, actins, interferons, myosins, HLA histocompatibility antigens, hemoglobins, etc.) were usually associated with the same neuron or with neighboring ones. Once the topological map has been obtained, the classification of new sequences is very fast.
Unsupervised Deep Haar Scattering on Graphs (2014)

The classification of high-dimensional data defined on graphs is particularly difficult when the graph geometry is unknown. We introduce a Haar scattering transform on graphs, which computes invariant signal descriptors. It is implemented with a deep cascade of additions, subtractions and absolute values, which iteratively compute orthogonal Haar wavelet transforms. Multiscale neighborhoods of unknown graphs are estimated by minimizing an average total variation, with a pair matching algorithm of polynomial complexity. Supervised classification with dimension reduction is tested on data bases of scrambled images, and for signals sampled on unknown irregular grids on a sphere.
Self-Limiting Aggregation By Controlled Ligand-Receptor Stoicfflometry and Its Use For a Novel Drug Delivery System (1999)

Abstract Lipid vesicles are used as drug delivery vehicles for the slow sustained release of a drug compound to a specific site in the body. This translates to more efficient medication with limited side effects. Although unilamellar drug delivery vesicles have progressed greatly, they are still limited in there applications. Our group has designed a second generation drug release system, the “vesosome“ which incorporates an aggregate of lipid vesicles encapsulated in a second lipid membrane. The two separate membranes can be specialized to allow for increased drug encapsulation and better control over drug release rate, which leads to a more general drug delivery system. Lipid vesicle aggregates were formed by using a ligand-receptor system (biotinated lipids protruding from the vesicle surface crosslinked with streptavidin). The streptavidin/biotin system is one of the strongest in nature, providing specific binding.
Influence of uncemented humeral stem proximal geometry on stress distributions and torsional stability following total shoulder arthroplasty (2019)

The semi-angular stem granted an adequate compromise between physiologic stress distributed by the oval stem and torsional stability of the angular stem. Surgeons should be aware of the various benefits and drawbacks of the different humeral stem designs to ensure adequate torsional stability and physiologic loading.
Erythrocyte Coupled tPA Improves Outcomes of Percussion Brain Trauma in Rats. (2006)

Abstract Coupling tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) to carrier red blood cells (RBC): i) restricts tPA’s permeation into tissues and pre-existing hemostatic clots, minimizing hemorrhage; ii) protects it from plasma inhibitors; and iii) prolongs its circulation, permitting incorporation into nascent clots and their lysis from within. These features support the thromboprophylactic utility of RBC coupled tPA (RBC/tPA). In this study we explored the utility of RBC/tPA in traumatic brain injury (TBI), a disorder in which both cerebral thrombosis leading to cerebral ischemia and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) have been implicated. Eleven male, Sprague-Dawley rats (340–400g) were subjected to a moderate (avg. peak pressure 2.6atm) lateral fluid percussion injury to the left hemisphere. Rats were given a single intravenous dose of RBC/tPA (0.05mg/Kg, n=5) or vehicle (n=4), 15 min post-injury. Animals were sacrificed 48h later for histopathology and staining for fibrin. The lesions in control animals occupied 8.3 ± 2.8% (mean±SD) of the hemispheric volume. Animals treated with RBC/tPA had a significant decrease in mean lesion volume (1.4±0.7%; p&amp;lt;0.001). Thrombotic burden was reduced from a mean of 10 clots in vehicle-treated to 1 per RBC/tPA-treated rats p&amp;lt;0.001). These data indicate that RBC/tPA attenuates post-traumatic thrombosis without aggravating hemorrhage induced by TBI. These observations support the safety of RBC/tPA in thromboprophylaxis even in the context of brain trauma, due to intravascular containment of RBC/tPA, among other factors. Durable lysis of post-traumatic thrombi by long-circulating RBC/tPA may alleviate secondary brain ischemia and resultant ICH. Correlation between reduction of thrombotic burden and lesion size implicate thrombosis in the pathophysiology of parenchymal brain damage after head trauma. Supported by PENN Research Foundation, HL66442, HL60169 and in part by NS38104.
Moderate Ethanol Ingestion and Plasma Triglyceride Levels (1974)

Moderate amounts of ethanol were given three times daily for 7 days to nonalcoholic normal persons and hypertriglyceridemic persons, and plasma lipid, glucose, and insulin levels were measured. In the hypertriglyceridemic subjects, ethanol ingestion caused fasting plasma triglyceride levels to rise, from a control value of 338 ± 71 mg/100 ml to 498 ± 117 mg/100 ml (P < 0.05). There was no significant change in the fasting plasma triglyceride levels of the normal persons. The postprandial triglyceride response to ethanol rose 37% in the normal group and 44% in the hypertriglyceridemic group (P < 0.05 for both groups). There were no changes in the fasting or postprandial glucose and insulin levels during ethanol ingestion. The daily use of moderate amounts of alcohol seems to [1] significantly exacerbate preexisting hypertriglyceridemia, which should be considered when treating patients with this disorder, but [2] does not alter plasma glucose or insulin levels in the fasting or postprandial state.
Thymidine phosphorylase and prostrate cancer cell proliferation inhibitory activities of synthetic 4-hydroxybenzohydrazides: In vitro, kinetic, and in silico studies (2020)

Over-expression of thymidine phosphorylase (TP) plays a key role in many pathological complications, including angiogenesis which leads to cancer cells proliferation. Thus in search of new anticancer agents, a series of 4-hydroxybenzohydrazides (1-29) was synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro thymidine phosphorylase inhibitory activity. Twenty compounds 1-3, 6-14, 16, 19, 22-24, and 27-29 showed potent to weak TP inhibitory activities with IC50 values in the range of 6.8 to 229.5 μM, in comparison to the standards i.e. tipiracil (IC50 = 0.014 ± 0.002 μM) and 7-deazaxanthine (IC50 = 41.0 ± 1.63 μM). Kinetic studies on selected inhibitors 3, 9, 14, 22, 27, and 29 revealed uncompetitive and non-competitive modes of inhibition. Molecular docking studies of these inhibitors indicated that they were able to interact with the amino acid residues present in allosteric site of TP, including Asp391, Arg388, and Leu389. Antiproliferative (cytotoxic) activities of active compounds were also evaluated against mouse fibroblast (3T3) and prostate cancer (PC3) cell lines. Compounds 1, 2, 19, and 22-24 exhibited anti-proliferative activities against PC3 cells with IC50 values between 6.5 to 10.5 μM, while they were largely non-cytotoxic to 3T3 (mouse fibroblast) cells proliferation. Present study thus identifies a new class of dual inhibitors of TP and cancer cell proliferation, which deserves to be further investigated for anti-cancer drug development.
Analysis and design methodology for system cost reduction in distributed power systems (2016)

This paper focuses on analyzing system-level cost and efficiency trade-offs in designing power converters for low-voltage dc power systems. We address the optimization of power converters to meet system-level goals of microgrids for rural electrification and propose a weighted efficiency criteria, derived from the percentages of energy processed by the converter at different power levels in this application. We also propose a method to trade-off efficiency and cost of converters to decrease overall system cost and demonstrate this proposed methodology with the development and comparison of two types of dc-dc converters.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Reactions of Amidines: Selective Formation of Iminopyrimidine Regioisomers. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solid‐Liquid Phase Transfer Catalyzed Novel Glycosylation Reaction of Phenols. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Statistical resource decoupling in random access interference channel (2010)

We study how the presence of stochastic fading channels can create statistical decoupling between two interfering flows in a basic interference network. We show that under some conditions of interference and power allocations, the sum throughput of the network with fading channels is higher than the sum throughput for Gaussian collision channel with identical average channel conditions. This higher throughput is a result of fading channels, which sometimes decouples the two flows allowing them to receive successfully even if the interfering flow is simultaneously active.
Additional file 2: Figure S1. of Placental growth factor inhibition modulates the interplay between hypoxia and unfolded protein response in hepatocellular carcinoma (2016)

Densitometry analysis of the phosphorylation of eIf2α in isolated HCC. (A) Densitometry analysis of the ratio of phosphorylated eIf2α to total eIf2α bands normalized to tubulin and relative to the corresponding control. Quantitative results of phosphorylation of eIf2α are presented as the mean ± SD. *p
Miniaturized antenna integrated receiving front-end (2017)

An antenna integrated receiving front-end is presented in this work. The antenna is miniaturized from its natural operating frequency of 3.2 GHz (0.08λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) to 1.85 GHz (0.03λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) which is more than 60% of size reduction. The high selectivity nature of the miniaturized antenna is utilized in receiving front-end design to achieve out-of-band attenuation more than 20 dB which is highly desirable. Moreover, the low noise amplifier (LNA) is designed for noise matching considering the antenna impedance characteristics which ensures optimum noise performance of the overall system. The in-band noise figure and small signal transducer gain of the system is less than 2 dB and more than 10 dB, respectively. The output power and third- order output intercept point (OIP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) of the receiving front-end are found to be more than 20 dBm and 30 dBm, respectively. Such compact radio frequency (RF) front-end with multiple functions like antenna miniaturization, filtering and noise matching is highly appreciated.