gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power consumption analysis of a wireless 1K-pixel visual sensor node (2015)

The applicability of wireless sensor networks is usually limited by the lifetime of sensor nodes having a restricted energy supply. In case of visual sensors, the amount of collected data increases significantly, resulting in a high power consumption by the transmitter. Efficient video compression algorithms reduce the amount of data which has to be sent. On the other hand, video codecs are known to be computationally demanding. It is unclear whether or not spending more power on compression and less on transmission increases battery lifetime, especially if processing is performed on a general-purpose reprogrammable microcontroller. This paper presents the power profile of a very low-resolution wireless visual sensor node. The node executing a predictive video coding engine is compared against the system transmitting raw data. Both setups are examined while capturing static and dynamic video content in strictly controlled environment conditions. Experimental results prove that video compression executed on the microcontroller prior to the wireless transmission reduces the power consumption of the sensor mote.
Microphysical Influences on Electro-Optic Signal Propagation in Complex Areas (2005)

Abstract : This paper presents a finite-difference computer model to predict the microphysical influences on electro-optic signal propagation in complex areas. e.g.. around single and mutltiple building arrays and forests. The model incorporates physics-based algorithms to account for advection. the pressure gradient. eddy diffusion. and drag forces due to vegetation (e.g.. open fields or forests). Note that mechanisms to account for heating, cooling, and moisture flux are not included at this time. Our main concern is to maintain a computationally efficient program code that is also flexible with regard to modifications and debugging. This allows us to apply the computer model to different kinds of tests. Nevertheless, we anticipate that this research will contribute much useful information related to laser optic signal propagation such a the the impact of buildings and forests on future optical turbulence (Cn2) calculations.
Monophosphine Ligands Promote Pd-Catalyzed C–S Cross-Coupling Reactions at Room Temperature with Soluble Bases (2019)

&lt;div&gt; &lt;p&gt;The Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling of thiols with aromatic electrophiles is a reliable method for the synthesis of aryl thioethers, which are important compounds for pharmaceutical and agricultural applications. Since thiols and thiolates strongly bind late transition metals, previous research has focused on catalysts supported by chelating, bisphosphine ligands, which were considered less likely to be displaced during the course of the reaction. We show that by using monophosphine ligands instead, more effective catalysis can be achieved. Notably, compared to previous methods, this increased reactivity allows for the use of much lower reaction temperature, soluble bases, and base-sensitive substrates. In contrast to conventional wisdom, our mechanistic data suggest that the extent of displacement of phosphine ligands by thiols is, firstly, not correlated with the ligand bulk or thiol nucleophilicity, and secondly, not predictive of the effectiveness of a given ligand in combination with palladium.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/div&gt;
Allosteric sodium in class A GPCR signaling (2020)

Despite their functional and structural diversity, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) share a common mechanism of signal transduction via conformational changes in the seven-transmembrane (7TM) helical domain. New major insights into this mechanism come from the recent crystallographic discoveries of a partially hydrated sodium ion that is specifically bound in the middle of the 7TM bundle of multiple class A GPCRs. This review discusses the remarkable structural conservation and distinct features of the Na+ pocket in this most populous GPCR class, as well as the conformational collapse of the pocket on receptor activation. New insights help to explain allosteric effects of sodium on GPCR agonist binding and activation, and sodium’s role as a potential co-factor in class A GPCR function.
Diacid Linkers That Promote Parallel β-Sheet Secondary Structure in Water (2008)

We report the development of diacid units that promote formation of a two-stranded parallel beta-sheet secondary structure between peptide segments attached via their N-termini. These linker units are formed by attaching glycine to one carboxyl group of cis-1,2-cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid (CHDA). Parallel sheet formation in water is observed when l-residue strands are attached to the CHDA-Gly unit with either of the two absolute configurations.
Diagnostic Likelihood Thresholds That Define a Working Diagnosis of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2019)

<b>Rationale:</b> The level of diagnostic likelihood at which physicians prescribe antifibrotic therapy without requesting surgical lung biopsy (SLB) in patients suspected of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is unknown.<b>Objectives:</b> To determine how often physicians advocate SLB in patient subgroups defined by IPF likelihood and risk associated with SLB, and to identify the level of diagnostic likelihood at which physicians prescribe antifibrotic therapy with requesting SLB.<b>Methods:</b> An international cohort of respiratory physicians evaluated 60 cases of interstitial lung disease, giving: <i>1</i>) differential diagnoses with diagnostic likelihood; <i>2</i>) a decision on the need for SLB; and <i>3</i>) initial management. Diagnoses were stratified according to diagnostic likelihood bands described by Ryerson and colleagues.<b>Measurements and Main Results:</b> A total of 404 physicians evaluated the 60 cases (24,240 physician-patient evaluations). IPF was part of the differential diagnosis in 9,958/24,240 (41.1%) of all physician-patient evaluations. SLB was requested in 8.1%, 29.6%, and 48.4% of definite, provisional high-confidence and provisional low-confidence diagnoses of IPF, respectively. In 63.0% of provisional high-confidence IPF diagnoses, antifibrotic therapy was prescribed without requesting SLB. No significant mortality difference was observed between cases given a definite diagnosis of IPF (90-100% diagnostic likelihood) and cases given a provisional high-confidence IPF diagnosis (hazard ratio, 0.97; <i>P</i> = 0.65; 95% confidence interval, 0.90-1.04).<b>Conclusions:</b> Most respiratory physicians prescribe antifibrotic therapy without requesting an SLB if a provisional high-confidence diagnosis or "working diagnosis" of IPF can be made (likelihood ≥ 70%). SLB is recommended in only a minority of patients with suspected, but not definite, IPF.
Data-Driven Adjustable Robust Unit Commitment of Integrated Electric-Heat Systems (2020)

This paper proposes a data-driven adjustable robust unit commitment (UC) model for integrated electric-heat systems (IEHSs), where the data-driven, and robustness adjustable features are endowed by the novel uncertainty modeling method. The devised uncertainty set is the intersections of a series of hyperplanes. It combines the merits of the traditional box-like uncertainty set, whose underlying computation burden is moderate, and the convex hull formed by historical data, which would lead to less conservative operation strategies. The boundaries of the bounding high-dimensional rectangle of the uncertainty set are set as decision variables to achieve the balance between the operation costs, and risk. The two-stage decision-making framework is employed in the robust UC model of IEHSs, in which the district heating networks are operated at the variable-flow-variable-temperature mode. The modified column-and-constraint generation (C, and CG) algorithm is employed to solve the proposed robust program, where an additional feasible region reduction step is embedded to decrease the computation burden of the worst case identification. Simulation results on two test systems verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
An Approach to Ad hoc Cloud Computing (2010)

We consider how underused computing resources within an enterprise may be harnessed to improve utilization and create an elastic computing infrastructure. Most current cloud provision involves a data center model, in which clusters of machines are dedicated to running cloud infrastructure software. We propose an additional model, the ad hoc cloud, in which infrastructure software is distributed over resources harvested from machines already in existence within an enterprise. In contrast to the data center cloud model, resource levels are not established a priori, nor are resources dedicated exclusively to the cloud while in use. A participating machine is not dedicated to the cloud, but has some other primary purpose such as running interactive processes for a particular user. We outline the major implementation challenges and one approach to tackling them.
Localization of Nitric Oxide Synthase in Spinal Nuclei Innervating Pelvic Ganglia (1995)

We employed retrograde axonal tracing techniques and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) immunohistochemistry to identify NOS-containing neuronal populations within the lumbosacral spinal cord and determine whether these project to the major pelvic ganglion in the adult male Sprague-Dawley rat. Immunohistochemical localizations of NOS included neurons situated at the L5 to S2 segments of the spinal cord, which corresponded to the sacral parasympathetic nucleus. Another prominent locus for NOS was a group of neurons identified in the L1 segment corresponding to the dorsal commissural nucleus. These regions correlated directly with preganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic neuronal origins, respectively, which were established with ChAT colocalizations. Retrograde tracing verified the projection of these neurons to the pelvis. Additional neuronal localizations of NOS were observed throughout the intermediolateral cell column, involving the superficial laminae of the dorsal horn, in the region surrounding the central canal and occasionally in the medial area of the ventral horn. These results indicate that the regulation of pelvic visceral activity may involve NO-based neuronal mechanisms operating at the level of the lumbosarcal spinal cord.
The novel variable function laser surgical system using mid-IR cascade oscillation fiber laser with Ho/sup 3+/ ion: tissue interaction and system construction (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. We demonstrated function variability to living soft tissue of the mid-IR cascade oscillation Ho/sup 3+/ fiber laser at 3 μm and 2 μm operation of continuous wave radiation for surgical applications. Our study was both experimental and theoretical.
Decreased Insulin Binding to Lymphocytes from Diabetic Subjects (1974)

(a) lymphocytes from nonobese, untreated, adult diabetic patients with fasting hyperglycemia demonstrate a decreased ability to bind insulin; (b) this decreased insulin binding to lymphocytes obtained from diabetic patients can be accounted for primarily by an absolute decrease in the number of available receptor sites per cell; and (c) these data suggest that this defect in insulin binding is a primary phenomenon.
Affinity, cross-reactivity and biological effectiveness of rabbit antibodies against a synthetic 37 amino acid C-terminal peptide of human chorionic gonadotrophin. (1980)

As a part of a programme to develop a fertility regulating vaccine, antibodies specific for human chorionic gonadotrophin were raised by immunizing rabbits with a synthetic 37 amino acid C-terminal peptide of beta hCG conjugated to tetanus toxoid as carrier, and using Bordetella pertussis or Freund's complete adjuvant as adjuvants. Lack of cross-reactivity of the antibodies with human luteinizing hormone was determined by direct binding in a radioimmunoassay and by immunofluorescence on adult human pituitary sections. Not only did the antibodies bind to native hormone in a radioimmunoassay but they also neutralized the biological activity of hCG as measured by an in vivo bioassay. Rabbits which had been injected with the conjugate with B. pertussis as adjuvant made antibodies of comparable affinity to those animals which had been immunized with the antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant, though the latter group did produce more antibodies.
1159BanLec, a banana lectin, is a potent inhibitor of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in in vitro assays (2014)

in in vitro assays Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan1,2,*, Kwok-Hung Chan1,2, Dan M. Boudreaux3, Michael D. Swanson4, David M. Markovitz3, Kwok-Yung Yuen1,2 1State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, 2Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, HKSAR, China; 3Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; and 4Division of Infectious Diseases, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA. (*Correspondence: Jasper F. W. Chan. Email: jfwchan@hku.hk. Tel: (852) 22554892. Fax: (852) 28551241.)
Investigation of a Sic Module with a High Operating Temperature for Power Applications (2007)

A silicon carbide (SiC) module with a high operating temperature has been designed, fabricated and tested at a device temperature of 200degC. The module has a multi- layered structure consisting of a SiC chip, a direct bond copper (DBC) SiN ceramic substrate, a copper-based plate, and water-cooled heatsink. The module was designed to have a temperature distribution of 200degC at the chip joint, 150degC at the DBC substrate joint and 65degC at the heatsink. A lead-free high temperature solder made of Au-Sn alloy was chosen to connect the SiC chip/DBC substrate joint in order to withstand the device temperature of 200degC. The joint of the DBC substrate/copper based plate was completed with Sn-Ag-Cu lead-free solder. The module was assembled by using a two- step reflow process for the above joints. The reflow conditions were optimized to reduce the void-area ratio to less than 5% for both solder junctions. High temperature aging tests were carried out for 1000 h at 150degC and 200degC, and for 600 h at 250degC. No significant cracks were observed in the Au-Sn solder joint after the 250degC test. A crack appeared in the Sn-Ag-Cu solder joint after 600 h in the 200degC test. The module was operated by feeding a 100 A DC current into the SiC device to maintain the device temperature at 200degC. A high operating temperature test was performed on the module for 12 h to confirm its reliability, and no significant degradation was observed. The temperature distribution was also measured in this test and compared with simulation results. The two temperature distributions were in good agreement. The results confirmed the possibility of applying this mounting technology to a SiC module for use at a high operating temperature of 200degC.
Interaction of Calcineurin and Type-A GABA Receptor γ2Subunits Produces Long-Term Depression at CA1 Inhibitory Synapses (2003)

Long-term depression (LTD) is an activity-dependent weakening of synaptic efficacy at individual inhibitory synapses, a possible cellular model of learning and memory. Here, we show that the induction of LTD of inhibitory transmission recruits activated calcineurin (CaN) to dephosphorylate type-A GABA receptor (GABA(A)Rs) via the direct binding of CaN catalytic domain to the second intracellular domain of the GABA(A)R-gamma(2) subunits. Prevention of the CaN-GABA(A) receptor complex formation by expression of an autoinhibitory domain of CaN in the hippocampus of transgenic mice blocks the induction of LTD. Conversely, genetic expression of the CaN catalytic domain in the hippocampus depresses inhibitory synaptic responses, occluding LTD. Thus, an activity-dependent physical and functional interaction between CaN and GABA(A) receptors is both necessary and sufficient for inducing LTD at CA1 individual inhibitory synapses.
Multichannel Analysis of EEG Signal Applied to Sleep Stage Classification (2009)

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Effects of adrenergic agonists and antagonists on tetrodotoxin-induced nerve block (2001)

TTX block can be prolonged by alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-, but not beta-adrenergic agonists via locally mediated events of relatively brief duration. Delayed injection of adrenergic antagonists does not interrupt the prolonged blocks produced by coinjection of TTX and adrenergic agonists unless administered soon after block is established. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2001;26:239-245.
Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor Induction of Granulosa Cell Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Expression and Oocyte Maturation: Potential Role as a Paracrine Ovarian Hormone* (1990)

Gonadotropin-induced ovulation is associated with oocyte maturation and preovulatory increases of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) expression. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), an angiogenic factor found in many organs including the ovary, modulates steroidogenesis in granulosa cells and increases PA activity in endothelial cells. Here studies were performed to examine the possible roles of bFGF as an intragonadal regulator of tPA expression and oocyte maturation. In cultured granulosa cells, bFGF caused a time-dependent (onset at 24 h) and dose-dependent (ED50 = 0.6 nM) increase (up to 5-fold) in tPA enzyme activity as measured by the fibrin overlay technique. Northern blot hybridization also revealed that treatment of cells with bFGF (2 nM) increased the level of the 22S tPA messenger RNA. Slot blot analysis indicated that the effects of bFGF were time dependent and dose dependent; tPA message levels increase before tPA activity levels. bFGF (0.6 nM) also significantly increased granulosa cell cAMP production in both the absence and presence of a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. In follicle-enclosed oocytes incubated for 24 h in media with or without increasing concentrations of LH or bFGF, germinal vesicle breakdown was observed in only 1.6% of controls, but 85% of LH (1 microgram/ml)-treated oocytes underwent maturation. Likewise, bFGF induced germinal vesicle breakdown (10-80%) over a dose range of 0.6 to 333 nM. In the same follicles, bFGF, like LH, also stimulated prostaglandin E production. These results, coupled with the identification of bFGF in growing follicles, suggest that bFGF acts as an intraovarian inducer of granulosa cell tPA gene expression and oocyte maturation.
On-chip testing techniques for RF wireless transceiver systems and components (2008)

The combination of a switched loop-back architecture with the use of the recently developed on-chip testing devices demonstrated in integrated implementations significantly enhances the testability of an RF transceiver. The on-chip testing devices show that the direct, on-chip observation of analogue and RF building blocks at megahertz and gigahertz frequencies can be performed in a CMOS process, and with a minimum area and parasitic loading overhead. The presented strategy enables the test of the entire wireless system and its individual building blocks at the wafer level through digital information. The use of external analogue/RF equipment or components is avoided, allowing the implementation of a practical and cost-effective test solution. Extending the proposed concepts to implementations in current deep submicron technologies opens significant opportunities for improved performance as well as the solution to new challenges.
Size Evolution of Protein-Protected Gold Clusters in Solution: A Combined SAXS–MS Investigation (2014)

We report a combined small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and mass spectrometric (MS) study of the growth of gold clusters within proteins, in the solution state. Two different proteins, namely, lysozyme (Lyz) and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were used for this study. SAXS study of clusters grown in Lyz shows the presence of a 0.8 nm gold core, which is in agreement with the Au10 cluster observed in MS. Dynamic light scattering suggests the size of the cluster core to be 1.2 nm. For BSA, however, a bigger core size was observed, comparable to the Au33 core obtained in MS. Concentration- and time-dependent data do not show much change in the core size in both SAXS and MS investigations. When metal–protein adducts were incubated for longer time in solution, nanoparticles were formed and protein size decreased, possibly due to the fragmentation of the latter during nanoparticle formation. The data are in agreement with dynamic light scattering studies. This work helps to directly visualize cluster growth within protein templates in solution.
Molecular analysis of isolates of Streptoccocus suis capsular type 2 by restriction-endonuclease-digested DNA separated on SDS-PAGE and by hybridization with an rDNA probe (1992)

This study was undertaken to assess the discriminatory value of restriction endonuclease (RE) digestion patterns of Streptococcus suis chromosomal DNA using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and DNA-rDNA hybridization. For the RE digestion patterns, DNAs were digested separately with the enzymes BamHI and BglII and the resultant fragments were separated by SDS-PAGE. An Escherichia coli rDNA probe derived from pKK3535 was used for the hybridization. Twenty-three S. suis capsular type 2 isolates recovered from diseased and clinically healthy pigs, from a human case, and from a cow were compared in this study. The majority of isolates associated with septicaemia belonged to one restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) profile group. Isolates associated with pneumonia belonged either to the REA profile group of isolates associated with septicaemia or to a second REA profile group. The REA profiles of isolates from clinically healthy animals were more heterogeneous. The REA profile of the type 2 reference strain, S735, which was originally isolated from a pig, was very different from those of the porcine and bovine isolates but similar to the profile of the human isolate. The profiles obtained after rDNA hybridization were more homogeneous. Although different patterns were detected in the 23 isolates, there was no correlation between the source of the isolate and the patterns observed with this technique.
Pseudo-Molecular Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.