gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Duality and Capacity Region of AF Relay MAC and BC (2006)

We consider multi-hop multiple access (MAC) and broadcast channels (BC) where communication takes place with the assistance of relays that amplify and forward (AF) their received signals. For a two hop parallel AF relay MAC, assuming a sum power constraint across all relays we characterize optimal relay amplification factors and the resulting capacity regions. We find that the parallel AF relay MAC with total transmit power of the two users $P_1+P_2=P$ and total relay power $P_R$ is the dual of the parallel AF relay BC where the MAC source nodes become the BC destination nodes, the MAC destination node becomes the BC source node, the dual BC source transmit power is $P_R$ and the total transmit power of the AF relays is $P$. The duality means that the capacity region of the AF relay MAC with a sum power constraint $P$ on the transmitters is the same as that of the dual BC. The duality relationship is found to be useful in characterizing the capacity region of the AF relay BC as the union of MAC capacity regions. The duality extends to distributed relays with multiple antennas and more than 2 hops as well.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Targeting Nodal in Conjunction with Dacarbazine Induces Synergistic Anticancer Effects in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Effects of anti-Nodal antibody treatment on SK-MEL-28 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Tricarbonyl(η6‐cyclobutabenzene)chromium Complexes. Diastereoselective Synthesis and Use in Asymmetric Cycloaddition Reactions. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Spaltung einer Metall‐Metall‐Dreifachbindung durch chelatbildende Diazoalkan‐Brücken (1982)

Abstract Das vollständige Manuskript dieser Zuschrift erscheint in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 1575. DOI: 10.1002/ange.198215750
Development and evaluation of gait training cane with link mechanism (2018)

Canes are used by many people. However, most of canes are unstable on uneven ground. We have developed the tripod cane with link mechanism for the safe walk of cane users. In this paper, we improve the developed cane and evaluate the characteristics of the spring force.
Polymer-Based Composite Catholytes for Li Thin-Film Cells (2008)

Polymer-based composite catholyte structures have been investigated in a continuing effort to increase the charge/discharge capacities of solid-state lithium thin-film electrochemical cells.
Refinement of Cementite in High Strength Steel Plates by Rapid Heating and Tempering (2007)

The precipitation behavior of cementite in low carbon steels at various heating rates from 0.3 to 100 K/s has been studied using a high-frequency induction heating apparatus. The materials used in this study were steel platesfor welded structures: 610 and 780 MPa class steel plates with a mixed microstructure of bainite and martensite.Cementite was observed using a carbon extraction replica method and the hardness and toughness were also examined. When heated at the conventional slow rate of 0.3 K/s, relatively large cementite particles with an average diameter of 72 nm precipitated at the lath boundaries, whereas when heated at a rapid rate over 3.0 K/s, cementite precipitated both within the laths and at the lath boundaries, and the cementite was refined down to an average diameter of 54 nm. With such refinement of the cementite, the toughness was improved. On the other hand, the hardness was irrespective of the heating rate and was dependent on the tempering parameter. TEM observations of the cementite precipitation behavior during the rapid heating process revealed that cementite begins to precipitate at the lath boundaries at about 773 K and within the laths at about 873 K. It is concluded that rapid heating especially from 773 to 873 K contributes to the cementite refinement and consequently the improvement in toughness. The effect of alloying elements such as chromium, molybdenum or silicon on the cementite growth during the rapid heating and tempering treatment is also discussed.
CF101, An Agonist to the A3 Adenosine Receptor, Enhances the Chemotherapeutic Effect of 5-Fluorouracil in a Colon Carcinoma Murine Model (2005)

NF-kappaB and the upstream kinase PKB/Akt are highly expressed in chemoresistance tumor cells and may hamper the apoptotic pathway. CF101, a specific agonist to the A3 adenosine receptor (A3AR), inhibits the development of colon carcinoma growth in cell cultures and xenograft murine models. Because CF101 has been shown to downregulate PKB/Akt and NF-kappaB protein expression level, we presumed that its combination with chemotherapy will enhance the antitumor effect of the cytotoxic drug. In this study, we utilized 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and colony formation assays and a colon carcinoma xenograft model. It has been shown that a combined treatment of CF101 and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) enhanced the cytotoxic effect of the latter on HCT-116 human colon carcinoma cell proliferation and tumor growth. Downregulation of PKB/Akt, NF-kappaB, and cyclin D1, and upregulation of caspase-3 protein expression level were observed in cells and tumor lesions on treatment with a combination of CF101 and 5-FU. Moreover, in mice treated with the combined therapy, myelotoxicity was prevented as was evidenced by normal white blood cell and neutrophil counts. These results show that CF101 potentiates the cytotoxic effect of 5-FU, thus preventing drug resistance. The myeloprotective effect of CF101 suggests its development as an add-on treatment to 5-FU.
Oscillatory Control of Shock-induced Separation (1998)

An experimental investigation, aimed at delaying e ow separation as a result of the occurrence of a shockwave/boundary-layer interaction, is reported. The experiment was performed using a NACA 0015 airfoil at highReynolds-number incompressible and compressible e ow conditions. The effects of Mach and Reynolds numbers were identie ed, using the capabilities of the cryogenic-pressurized facility to maintain one parameter e xed and change the other. The main objectives of the experiment were to study the effects of periodic excitation on airfoil drag divergence and to alleviate the severe unsteadiness associated with shock-induced separation (known as buffeting). Zero-mass-e ux oscillatory blowing was introduced through a downstream directed slot located at 10% chord on the upper surface of the NACA 0015 airfoil. The effective frequencies generated 2 ‐4 vortices over the separated region, regardless of the Mach number. Even though the excitation was introduced upstream of the shock wave, it had pronounced effects downstream of it. Wake dee cit (associated with drag ) and unsteadiness (associated with buffeting ) were reduced. The spectral content of the wake pressure e uctuations indicates steadier e ow throughout the frequency rangewhen excitation isapplied. This is especially evident at low frequencieswhich are more likely to interact with the airframe.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Olefin Polymerization with Chiral Metallocene Catalysts (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of a Preparative-Scale Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)-p-Tolyl Methyl Sulfoxide for Use in a One-Pot Synthesis of a Drug Intermediate Containing a Trifluoromethyl-Substituted Alcohol Functionality (2007)

A one-pot process for the synthesis of (S)-1,1,1-trifluoro-4-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-4-methyl-2-((R)-toluene-4-sulfinylmethyl)pentan-2-ol (3) is described, which was a key intermediate for the preparation of a class of novel glucocorticoid receptor ligands. The chemistry features the preparative-scale synthesis of (R)-p-tolyl methyl sulfoxide [(R)-pTMSO] from (2R,4S,5R)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-3-(tolene-4-sulfonyl)oxathiazolidine-2-oxide (5) and the synthesis of 3 from 5 without isolation of (R)-pTMSO during the process.
Role of the Zebra Finch Auditory Thalamus in Generating Complex Representations for Natural Sounds (2010)

We estimated the spectrotemporal receptive fields of neurons in the songbird auditory thalamus, nucleus ovoidalis, and compared the neural representation of complex sounds in the auditory thalamus to those found in the upstream auditory midbrain nucleus, mesencephalicus lateralis dorsalis (MLd), and the downstream auditory pallial region, field L. Our data refute the idea that the primary sensory thalamus acts as a simple, relay nucleus: we find that the auditory thalamic receptive fields obtained in response to song are more complex than the ones found in the midbrain. Moreover, we find that linear tuning diversity and complexity in ovoidalis (Ov) are closer to those found in field L than in MLd. We also find prevalent tuning to intermediate spectral and temporal modulations, a feature that is unique to Ov. Thus even a feed-forward model of the sensory processing chain, where neural responses in the sensory thalamus reveals intermediate response properties between those in the sensory periphery and those in the primary sensory cortex, is inadequate in describing the tuning found in Ov. Based on these results, we believe that the auditory thalamic circuitry plays an important role in generating novel complex representations for specific features found in natural sounds.
Analytical approach to dynamics of reverse saturable absorbers (2000)

We develop an analytical approach to the dynamics of band populations of reverse saturable absorbers modeled by the three-level approximation of the five-level rate equations. We find high-accuracy approximate solutions to these rate equations, taking into account the temporal shape of the incident laser pulse for different regimes of excitation. The results obtained are confirmed by direct numerical integration of the rate equations and are verified by solution of the full system of the rate and the propagation equations. The validity ranges of the approximations are determined. We also prove that for input pulses that are much longer than the lifetime of the first excited state the ground-state depletion obeys the same functional dependence on the input fluence as in the case of rectangular input pulses. The dynamics of the excited states, however, explicitly depends on the pulse shape. We quantitatively estimate the effect of various parameters on the nonlinear absorption coefficient and discuss implementation of the approach by a beam propagation method to reduce the computational time.
High quantum efficiency InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells with spectral response extending out to 520 nm (2011)

We demonstrate high quantum efficiency InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (QW) solar cells with spectral response extending out to 520 nm. Increasing the number of QWs in the active region did not reduce the carrier collection efficiency for devices with 10, 20, and 30 QWs. Solar cells with 30 QWs and an intentionally roughened p-GaN surface exhibited a peak external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 70.9% at 390 nm, an EQE of 39.0% at 450 nm, an open circuit voltage of 1.93 V, and a short circuit current density of 2.53 mA/cm2 under 1.2 suns AM1.5G equivalent illumination.
Figure S5 from Spatial Mapping and Immunomodulatory Role of the OX40/OX40L Pathway in Human Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Antitumor Evaluation of Bis Aza-anthracene-9,10-diones and Bis Aza-anthrapyrazole-6-ones (2008)

The good results obtained as potential antitumor drugs with aza-anthracenediones and aza-anthrapyrazoles, e.g. pixantrone, 1a, and 1b (Chart 1), prompted us to design and synthesize a series of symmetrical bis derivatives, compounds 7-10 (Chart 1). These compounds are dimers of different aza-anthracenedione and aza-anthrapyrazolone monomers connected by the linker found to be the most appropriate among potential bis intercalators synthesized by us. The DNA-binding properties of bis derivatives 7 and 8 have been examined using fluorometric techniques: these target compounds are excellent DNA ligands, with a clear binding site preference for AT-rich duplexes. In vitro cytotoxic activity of all target compounds 7-10 and of reference compound pixantrone toward human cancer adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 is also described. Two selected compounds have been investigated for their capacity of inducing early apoptosis.
Metabolomics in Systems Toxicology: Towards Personalized Medicine (2009)

Abstract Metabolomics along with systems biology technologies such as transcriptomics and proteomics has the capability of providing translational diagnostic, prognostic and mechanistic biomarkers of drug‐induced injury. Metabolomics has several advantages over the other omics platforms, such as ease of sample preparation, data acquisition and use of biofluids collected through minimally invasive procedures in pre‐clinical and clinical studies. The role of metabolomics in systems toxicology is reviewed and examples of metabolomics in pre‐clinical and clinical studies are provided. The role of metabolomics in personalized medicine is provided with special sections focusing on drug–drug and drug–nutrient interactions, metabolic fluxes and challenge tests.
Source coding for dependent sources (2012)

In this work, we address the capacity region of multi-source multi-terminal network communication problems, and study the change in capacity when one moves form independent to dependent source information. Specifically, we ask whether the trade off between capacity and source independence is of continuous nature. We tie the question at hand to that of edge removal which has seen recent interest.
Retraction (2012)

The article entitled, "Mn-porphyrins as novel molecular MRI contrast agents" by Mouraviev et al., published online ahead of print on November 3, 2011 (DOI: 10.1089/end.2011.0133), in its unedited, uncorrected format, is being officially withdrawn from Journal of Endourology. This early version of the manuscript was not in its final form. A further revision has since submitted for re-review and has been accepted for publication. It is currently published in its Instant Online format (the raw, unedited manuscript) and carries a DOI of 10.1089/end.2012.0171. It will be included in the November 2012 issue of Journal of Endourology.
Distributed Robust Power System State Estimation (2012)

Deregulation of energy markets, penetration of renewables, advanced metering capabilities, and the urge for situational awareness, all call for system-wide power system state estimation (PSSE). Implementing a centralized estimator though is practically infeasible due to the complexity scale of an interconnection, the communication bottleneck in real-time monitoring, regional disclosure policies, and reliability issues. In this context, distributed PSSE methods are treated here under a unified and systematic framework. A novel algorithm is developed based on the alternating direction method of multipliers. It leverages existing PSSE solvers, respects privacy policies, exhibits low communication load, and its convergence to the centralized estimates is guaranteed even in the absence of local observability. Beyond the conventional least-squares based PSSE, the decentralized framework accommodates a robust state estimator. By exploiting interesting links to the compressive sampling advances, the latter jointly estimates the state and identifies corrupted measurements. The novel algorithms are numerically evaluated using the IEEE 14-, 118-bus, and a 4,200-bus benchmarks. Simulations demonstrate that the attainable accuracy can be reached within a few inter-area exchanges, while largest residual tests are outperformed.
Online adaptive decoding of intended movements with a hybrid kinetic and kinematic brain machine interface (2013)

Traditional brain machine interfaces for control of a prosthesis have typically focused on the kinematics of movement, rather than the dynamics. BMI decoders that extract the forces and/or torques to be applied by a prosthesis have the potential for giving the patient a much richer level of control across different dynamic scenarios or even scenarios in which the dynamics of the limb/environment are changing. However, it is a challenge to train a decoder that is able to capture this richness given the small amount of calibration data that is usually feasible to collect a priori. In this work, we propose that kinetic decoders should be continuously calibrated based on how they are used by the subject. Both intended hand position and joint torques are decoded simultaneously as a monkey performs a random target pursuit task. The deviation between intended and actual hand position is used as an estimate of error in the recently decoded joint torques. In turn, these errors are used to drive a gradient descent algorithm for improving the torque decoder parameters. We show that this approach is able to quickly restore the functionality of a torque decoder following substantial corruption with Gaussian noise.
The Prevalence of Adverse Ocular Hemorrhagic Events in Patients Utilizing Oral Anticoagulant and Antiplatelet Therapy in Routine Clinical Practice (2018)

Prevalence of spontaneous ocular hemorrhage with use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents is higher in routine clinical practice as compared to previously reported literature. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2018;49:27-34.].
The Allison Transmission Hybrid Electric Drive Simulation Development (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;As regulations continue to require low and ultra-low vehicle emissions, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) are becoming an increasingly popular and attractive alternative to conventionally powered vehicles in the light, medium and heavy-duty markets. Computer modeling and simulations are used to develop HEV control algorithms and to investigate various system configurations. The use of simulations significantly reduces development time and expense. Additionally, the HEV designer is afforded a level of freedom to experiment with various algorithms and configurations without the expense of building prototypes for each new idea. This paper examines the modeling and simulation efforts currently being applied to hybrid electric vehicle development at Allison Transmission.&lt;/div&gt;
Electrical transport, thermal transport, and elastic properties ofM2AlC(M=Ti, Cr, Nb, and V) (2005)

In this paper we report on a systematic investigation, in the $5\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\text{to}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}300\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ temperature regime, of the electronic, magnetotransport, thermoelectric, thermal, and elastic properties of four ${M}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$ phases: ${\mathrm{Ti}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, ${\mathrm{Cr}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$, and ${\mathrm{Nb}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$. The electrical conductivity, Hall coefficient, and magnetoresistances are analyzed within a two-band framework assuming a temperature-independent charge carrier concentration. As with other $MAX$-phase materials, these ternaries are nearly compensated, viz. the densities and mobilities of electrons and holes are almost equal. There is little correlation between the Seebeck and Hall coefficients. With Young's and shear moduli in the $270\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ and $120\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{GPa}$ range, respectively, the phases studied herein are reasonably stiff. With room temperature thermal conductivities in the $25\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ range ($45\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{W}∕\mathrm{m}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ for ${\mathrm{V}}_{2}\mathrm{Al}\mathrm{C}$) they are also good thermal conductors.
Optical patterning of features with spacing below the far-field diffraction limit using absorbance modulation (2013)

Absorbance modulation is an approach that enables the localization of light to deep sub-wavelength dimensions by the use of photochromic materials. In this article, we demonstrate the application of absorbance modulation on a transparent (quartz) substrate, which enables patterning of isolated lines of width 60 nm for an exposure wavelength of 325 nm. Furthermore, by moving the optical pattern relative to the sample, we demonstrate patterning of closely spaced lines, whose spacing is as small as 119 nm.
Photoacoustic microscopy using Evans Blue dye as a contrast agent (2010)

Complete and continuous imaging of microvascular networks is crucial for a wide variety of biomedical applications. Photoacoustic tomography can provide high resolution microvascular imaging using hemoglobin within red blood cells (RBC) as an endogenous contrast agent. However, intermittent RBC flow in capillaries results in discontinuous and fragmentary capillary images. To overcome this problem, we used Evans Blue (EB) dye as a contrast agent for in vivo photoacoustic imaging. EB has strong optical absorption at 610 nm and distributes uniformly in the blood stream by chemically binding to albumin. By intravenous injection of EB (6%, 200 &mu;L), complete and continuous microvascular networks-especially capillaries-of the ears of nude mice were imaged. The diffusion of EB (3%, 100 &mu;L) leaving the blood stream was monitored for 2 hours. At lower administration dose of EB (3%, 50 &mu;L), the clearance of the EB-albumin complex was imaged for 10 days and quantitatively investigated using a two-compartment model.
Combination cytokine immunotherapy with tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 2, and alpha-interferon and its synergistic antitumor effects in mice. (1989)

The antitumor activity of combination therapy with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor alpha (rhTNF-alpha), recombinant human interleukin 2 (rhIL-2), and recombinant hybrid alpha-interferon A/D (rhIFN-alpha A/D) was assessed against established weakly immunogenic (MCA-106) and nonimmunogenic (MCA-102) sarcomas at both s.c. and visceral (hepatic) sites. C57BL/6 mice were treated with a single i.v. dose of rhTNF-alpha followed by rhIL-2 (75,000 units) and rhIFN-alpha A/D (75,000 units) i.p. twice daily for 5 consecutive days. Substantial improvements were observed when the combination of rhTNF-alpha, rhIL-2, and rhIFN-alpha A/D was administered, as measured by regression of tumor, prolongation of survival, and improved cure rates, compared with any combination of two cytokines or any cytokine alone against the MCA-106 sarcoma. These findings were consistent in both the s.c. and single hepatic tumor models. For example, treatment of the MCA-106 s.c. tumor bearers with the triple cytokine combination resulted in cures of 16 of 18, 17 of 18, and 12 of 18 mice receiving rhTNF-alpha dosages of 2, 4, and 6 micrograms, respectively, compared with 2 of 18, 7 of 18, and 9 of 18 at 2, 4, and 6 micrograms of rhTNF-alpha plus rhIL-2 without rhIFN-alpha A/D. Established 10-day single liver tumor weights when treated with the triple combination therapy were 54 and 25 mg in treatment groups receiving 2 and 4 micrograms of rhTNF-alpha, compared with 376 and 302 mg with the same amounts of rhTNF-alpha alone (P less than 0.004). Mice bearing hepatic sarcomas treated with triple cytokine combination therapy had cure rates of 50% and 67% at rhTNF-alpha doses of 2 and 4 micrograms, compared with no survivors with rhTNF-alpha alone. No improved antitumor effects resulted from therapy with any cytokine alone or in combination against the nonimmunogenic MCA-102 sarcoma. Possible in vivo mechanisms by which these three cytokines synergize are discussed.