gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intervention strategies for increasing engagement in crowdsourcing: platform, predictions, and experiments (2016)

Volunteer-based crowdsourcing depend critically on maintaining the engagement of participants. We explore a methodology for extending engagement in citizen science by combining machine learning with intervention design. We first present a platform for using real-time predictions about forthcoming disengagement to guide interventions. Then we discuss a set of experiments with delivering different messages to users based on the proximity to the predicted time of disengagement. The messages address motivational factors that were found in prior studies to influence users' engagements. We evaluate this approach on Galaxy Zoo, one of the largest citizen science application on the web, where we traced the behavior and contributions of thousands of users who received intervention messages over a period of a few months. We found sensitivity of the amount of user contributions to both the timing and nature of the message. Specifically, we found that a message emphasizing the helpfulness of individual users significantly increased users' contributions when delivered according to predicted times of disengagement, but not when delivered at random times. The influence of the message on users' contributions was more pronounced as additional user data was collected and made available to the classifier.
Multi-Level Group Testing with Application to One-Shot Pooled COVID-19 Tests (2021)

One of the main challenges in containing the Coronoavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic stems from the difficulty in carrying out efficient mass diagnosis over large populations. The leading method to test for COVID-19 infection utilizes qualitative polymerase chain reaction, implemented using dedicated machinery which can simultaneously process a limited amount of samples. A candidate method to increase the test throughput is to examine pooled samples comprised of a mixture of samples from different patients. In this work we study pooling-based COVID-19 tests. We identify the specific requirements of COVID-19 testing, including the need to characterize the infection level and to operate in a one-shot fashion, which limit the application of traditional group-testing (GT) methods. We then propose a multi-level GT scheme, designed specifically to meet the unique requirements of COVID-19 tests, while exploiting the strength of GT theory to enable accurate recovery using much fewer tests than patients. Our numerical results demonstrate that multi-level GT reliably and efficiently detects the infection levels, while achieving improved accuracy over previously proposed one-shot COVID-19 pooled-testing methods.
All-polarization maintaining mode-locked fiber laser based on carbon NanoWalls saturable absorber (2016)

We report a soliton mode-locked oscillation with all-polarization maintaining fiber laser based on Carbon NanoWalls saturable absorber. Kelly sideband which is characteristic spectrum pattern of a soliton mode-locked oscillation was measured and the bandwidth was 5.7nm. High intensity and high damage threshold was also measured.
Covalent structure of mutacin 1140 and a novel method for the rapid identification of lantibiotics (2000)

The primary structure of the Streptococcus mutans lantibiotic mutacin 1140 was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and chemical sequencing. The structure is in agreement with other closely related lantibiotics, such as epidermin. A novel method was developed in which mutacin 1140 was chemically modified with sodium borohydride followed by ethanethiol, allowing the differentiation of the thioether-containing residues from the dehydrated residues. This double-labeling strategy provides a simple method to reliably identify all modified lantibiotic residues with a minimal amount of material. While NMR spectroscopy is still required to obtain thioether bridging patterns and thus the complete covalent structure, the double-labeling technique, along with mass spectrometry, provides most of the information in a fraction of the time required for a complete NMR analysis. Thus, with these new techniques lantibiotics can be rapidly characterized.
Bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of sulfamethazine in the pony (1989)

Sulfamethazine has been used in therapy of equine disease for over 40 years (Welsh et al, 1946). Although sulfamethazine appears to be well absorbed when fed mixed with grain and is reported to reach its peak concentration 8 h after administration, its oral bioavailability and pharmacokinetics have not been reported (Schroeder et al., 1948; Meier et al, 1980). The purpose of the present study was to determine the major pharmacokinetic values and the oral bioavailability of sulfamethazine at a dosage predicted to produce therapeutic blood concentrations in the pony.
Double layer supercapacitors for HEV applications (2009)

This contribution deals with the results on asymmetric double-layer carbon supercapacitors obtained in the frame of an EU Project (the ILHYPOS Project) which involving four research groups (University of Bologna in Italy, the Universities Paul Sabatier and CNAM in France and ENEA which coordinated the Project ) and four Companies (Evonic and Leclanchè lithium in Germany and Arcotronic and Microvett in Italy). The target of the ILHYPOS project was the increase of the specific energy of the supercapacitors over the commercial ones still maintaining high specific power and long cycle life, for HEV applications and the core of this project is the use of solvent free- IL electrolyte.&#13;\nThe strategies we pursued have been: i) the increase of maximum cell voltage over 3.5V by the use of solvent free ionic liquids, which are room temperature molten salts of low vapor pressure, no flammable, of high thermal and chemical stability, and wide electrochemical stability matched with high ionic conductivity; &#13;\nii) the development of an asymmetric cell configuration with carbon electrodes of different weight for high maximum cell voltage;&#13;\niii) the increase of supercapacitor specific capacitance by the use of capacitive carbons of optimized porosity and surface chemistry for high wettability by IL.&#13;\nThe use of PYR1(2O1)TFSI IL in AEDLC is a powerful strategy to develop safe, high-voltage supercapacitors both for 10s and 2s applications in HEVs. For their very high specific energy, these supercapacitors may be even used for new applications requiring high energy storage capability. Novel carbon electrode materials tailored for IL already under study will further improve the performance of these IL-based AEDLCs.
Effects of Water Desorption from SiO2 Substrates on the Thickness of Manganese Oxide Diffusion Barrier Layer Formed by Chemical Vapor Deposition (2010)

A manganese oxide (MnO x ) diffusion barrier layer was formed by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on SiO 2 substrates with or without preannealing. The thickness dependence of the MnO x layer was investigated in relation to the desorption behavior of water vapor from the substrates. A good correlation was found between MnO x thickness and the amount of desorbed water vapor. It is necessary to control the amount of absorbed water in the substrate to form a thin MnO x barrier layer with good thickness reproducibility.
The p85α Regulatory Subunit of Class IA Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Regulates β-Selection in Thymocyte Development (2007)

We examined the role of class IA PI3K in pre-TCR controlled beta-selection and TCR-controlled positive/negative selection in thymic development. Using mice deficient for p85alpha, a major regulatory subunit of the class IA PI3K family, the role of class IA PI3K in beta-selection was examined by injection of anti-CD3epsilon mAb into p85alpha(-/-)Rag-2(-/-) mice, which mimics pre-TCR signals. Transition of CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative (DN) to CD4(+)CD8(+) double-positive (DP) thymocytes triggered by anti-CD3epsilon mAb was significantly impaired in p85alpha(-/-)Rag-2(-/-) compared with p85alpha(+/-)Rag-2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, DP cell numbers were lower in p85alpha(-/-)DO11.10/Rag-2(-/-) TCR-transgenic mice than in DO11.10/Rag-2(-/-) mice. In addition, inhibition by IC87114 of the major class IA PI3K catalytic subunit expressed in lymphocytes, p110delta, blocked transition of DN to DP cells in embryonic day 14.5 fetal thymic organ culture without affecting cell viability. In the absence of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10, where class IA PI3K signals would be amplified, the DN to DP transition was accelerated. In contrast, neither positive nor negative selection in Rag-2(-/-)TCR-transgenic mice was perturbed by the lack of p85alpha. These findings establish an important function of class IA PI3K in the pre-TCR-controlled developmental transition of DN to DP thymocytes.
Elaborate expansion of syntenic V1R hotspots correlates with high species diversity in nocturnal mouse and dwarf lemurs (2019)

Abstract Sensory gene families are of special interest, both for what they can tell us about molecular evolution, and for what they imply as mediators of social communication. The vomeronasal type-1 receptors (V1Rs) have often been hypothesized as playing a fundamental role in driving or maintaining species boundaries given their likely function as mediators of intraspecific mate choice, particularly in nocturnal mammals. Here, we employ a comparative genomic approach for revealing patterns of V1R evolution within primates, with a special focus on the small-bodied nocturnal mouse and dwarf lemurs of Madagascar (genera Microcebus and Cheirogaleus , respectively). By doubling the existing genomic resources for strepsirrhine primates (i.e., the lemurs and lorises), we find that the highly-speciose and morphologically-cryptic mouse lemurs have experienced an elaborate proliferation of V1Rs that we argue is functionally related to their capacity for rapid lineage diversification. Contrary to a previous study that found equivalent degrees of V1R diversity in diurnal and nocturnal lemurs, our study finds a strong correlation between nocturnality and V1R elaboration, with nocturnal lemurs showing elaborate V1R repertoires and diurnal lemurs showing less diverse repertoires. Recognized subfamilies among V1Rs show unique signatures of diversifying positive selection, as might be expected if they have each evolved to respond to specific stimuli. Further, a detailed syntenic comparison of mouse lemurs with mouse (genus Mus ) and other mammalian outgroups shows that orthologous mammalian subfamilies, predicted to be of ancient origin, tend to cluster in a densely populated region across syntenic chromosomes that we refer to as V1R “hotspots.”
E-cadherin gene re-expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by HDAC inhibitors (2013)

The E-cadherin gene is epigenetically modified and hypoacetylated in CLL leukemic cells. Treatment of CLL specimens with HDACi MS-275 activates transcription from this silent gene with expression of more correctly spliced E-cadherin transcripts as compared to the aberrant exon11 skipped transcripts that in turn inhibits the wnt signaling pathway. The data highlights the role of epigenetic modifications in altering gene splicing patterns.
A new species of Albugo parasitic to Arabidopsis thaliana reveals new evolutionary patterns in white blister rusts (Albuginaceae) (2009)

The obligate biotrophic lineages of the white blister rusts (Albuginales, Oomycota) are of ancient origin compared to the rather recently evolved downy mildews, and sophisticated mechanisms of biotrophy and a high degree of adaptation diversity are to be expected in these organisms. Speciation in the biotrophic Oomycetes is usually thought to be the consequence of host adaptation or geographic isolation. Here we report the presence of two distinct species of Albugo on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, Albugo candida and Albugo laibachii, the latter being formally described in this manuscript. Both species may occupy the same host within the same environment, but are nevertheless phylogenetically distinct, as inferred from analyses of both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences. Different ways of adapting to their host physiology might constitute an important factor of their different niches. Evidence for this can be gained from the completely different host range of the two pathogens. While Albugo candida is a generalist species, consisting of several physiological varieties, which is able to parasitize a great variety of Brassicaceae, Albugo laibachii has not been found on any host other than Arabidopsis thaliana. Therefore, Albugo laibachii belongs to a group of highly specialised species, like the other known specialist species in Albugo s.s., Albugo koreana, Albugo lepidii and Albugo voglmayrii. The comparative investigation of the effector genes and host targets in the generalist and the specialist species may constitute a model system for elucidating the fundamental processes involved in plant pathogen co-adaptation and speciation.
Analyzing Learned Molecular Representations for Property Prediction (2019)

Advancements in neural machinery have led to a wide range of algorithmic solutions for molecular property prediction. Two classes of models in particular have yielded promising results: neural networks applied to computed molecular fingerprints or expert-crafted descriptors and graph convolutional neural networks that construct a learned molecular representation by operating on the graph structure of the molecule. However, recent literature has yet to clearly determine which of these two methods is superior when generalizing to new chemical space. Furthermore, prior research has rarely examined these new models in industry research settings in comparison to existing employed models. In this paper, we benchmark models extensively on 19 public and 16 proprietary industrial data sets spanning a wide variety of chemical end points. In addition, we introduce a graph convolutional model that consistently matches or outperforms models using fixed molecular descriptors as well as previous graph neural architectures on both public and proprietary data sets. Our empirical findings indicate that while approaches based on these representations have yet to reach the level of experimental reproducibility, our proposed model nevertheless offers significant improvements over models currently used in industrial workflows.
Power-transfer effects in monomode optical nonlinear waveguiding structures (1987)

We describe power-transfer effects, over a certain threshold, among constituents of planar waveguiding structures consisting of an optical linear layer deposited onto a nonlinear substrate (CdS(x)Se(1-x)-doped glass). Proper selection of the thickness of the linear waveguiding film and the refractive index of the linear cladding allows one to obtain optical transistor action and to construct all-optical AND, OR, NOT, and XOR logic gates. The effects appear for the TE(0) guided mode.
Robust Multichannel Encoding for Highly Multiplexed Quantitative PCR (2021)

The gold standard of molecular pathogen detection is the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Modern qPCR instruments are capable of detecting 4-6 analytes in a single sample: one per optical detection channel. However, many clinical applications require multiplexing beyond this traditional single-well capacity, including the task of simultaneously testing for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory pathogens. This can be addressed by dividing a sample across multiple wells, or using technologies such as genomic sequencing and spatial arrays, but at the expense of significantly higher cost and lower throughput compared with single-well qPCR. These trade-offs represent unacceptable compromises in high-throughput screening scenarios such as SARS-CoV-2 testing. We demonstrate a novel method of detecting up to 20 targets per well with standard qPCR instrumentation: high-definition PCR (HDPCR). HDPCR combines TaqMan chemistry and familiar workflows with robust encoding to enable far higher levels of multiplexing on a traditional qPCR system without an increase in cost or reduction in throughput. We utilize HDPCR with a custom 20-Plex assay, an 8-Plex assay using unmodified predesigned single-plex assays from Integrated DNA Technologies and a 9-Plex pathogen panel inclusive of SARS-CoV-2 and other common respiratory viruses. All three assays were successful when tested on a variety of samples, with overall sample accuracies of 98.8, 98.3, and 100%, respectively. The HDPCR technology enables the large install base of qPCR instrumentation to perform mid-density multiplex diagnostics without modification to instrumentation or workflow, meeting the urgent need for increased diagnostic yield at an affordable price without sacrificing assay performance.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,4,5,6-Pentafluoroheptanes (2009)

A stereocontrolled synthesis of alkanes containing five contiguous fluorine atoms is presented. The compounds were prepared by sequential fluorination of diastereoisomeric alcohol-diepoxides. The chemistry involved epoxide ring-opening with HF.NEt(3) and deshydroxyfluorination reactions of free alcohols with Deoxo-Fluor. The fluorination reactions were all highly stereospecific, with all five fluorines being incorporated in three sequential steps. Three different diastereoisomers of the 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluoroheptyl motif were prepared as heptane-1,7-diol derivatives, a structural format amenable for incorporation of the vicinal pentafluoro scaffold into larger molecular architectures.
Energy-Constrained Optimal Quantization for Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

As low power, low cost, and longevity of transceivers are major requirements in wireless sensor networks, optimizing their design under energy constraints is of paramount importance. To this end, we develop quantizers under strict energy constraints to effect optimal reconstruction at the fusion center. Propagation, modulation, as well as transmitter and receiver structures are jointly accounted for using a binary symmetric channel model. We first optimize quantization for reconstructing a single sensor's measurement, and deriving the optimal number of quantization levels as well as the optimal energy allocation across bits. The constraints take into account not only the transmission energy but also the energy consumed by the transceiver's circuitry. Furthermore, we consider multiple sensors collaborating to estimate a deterministic parameter in noise. Similarly, optimum energy allocation and optimum number of quantization bits are derived and tested with simulated examples. Finally, we study the effect of channel coding on the reconstruction performance under strict energy constraints and jointly optimize the number of quantization levels as well as the number of channel uses.
Monopoles in Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensates (2014)

We describe the creation and observation of Dirac monopoles in a synthetic magnetic field, and also provide evidence of isolated topological point defects in the order parameter of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate.
Prototype design method of weft knitted seamless underwear (2013)

To realize the standardization and efficiencies of the weft knitte seamless underwear design as well as based on an in-depth study of weft knitting principles,combined with the body′s structural characteristics and the movement of the functional requirement of clothing,the prototype pattern of weft knitted seamless underwear is established by a method combining the 2-D and 3-D design technologies and applied to the manufacture.It not only meets the functional requirements of the human body,but also guarantees the rationality and aesthetics of the style.Through the application example of the weft knitted seamless underwear prototype used in the conventional style and the structure change of corset,proved that the weft knitting seamless underwear prototype is suitable for the design of weft knitted seamless underwear,it can be used in various types of weft knitted seamless underwear design pattern.To some extent,it standardizes the pattern design of weft knitted seamless underwear product,besides,it provides an effective way for new product′s development of weft knitted seamless garment.
Immune Adjuvant Efficacy of CpG Oligonucleotide in Cancer Treatment Is Founded Specifically upon TLR9 Function in Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2011)

The differences in function, location, and migratory pattern of conventional dendritic cells (cDC) and plasmacytoid DCs (pDC) not only point to specialized roles in immune responses but also signify additive and interdependent relationships required to clear pathogens. We studied the in vivo requirement of cross-talk between cDCs and pDCs for eliciting antitumor immunity against in situ released tumor antigens in the absence or presence of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 agonist CpG. Previous data indicated that CpG boosted tumor-specific T-cell responses after in vivo tumor destruction and increased survival after tumor rechallenges. The present study shows that cDCs are indispensable for cross-presentation of ablation-released tumor antigens and for the induction of long-term antitumor immunity. Depletion of pDCs or applying this model in type I IFN receptor-deficient mice abrogated CpG-mediated responses. CD8α(+) cDCs and the recently identified merocytic cDCs were dependent on pDCs for CpG-induced upregulation of CD80. Moreover, DC transfer studies revealed that merocytic cDCs and CD8α(+) cDCs were most susceptible to pDC help and subsequently promoted tumor-free survival in a therapeutic setting. By transferring wild-type pDCs into TLR9-deficient mice, we finally showed that TLR9 expression in pDCs is sufficient to benefit from CpG as an adjuvant. These studies indicate that the efficacy of CpG in cancer immunotherapy is dependent on cross-talk between pDCs and specific subsets of cDCs.
Phase‐correction method for reduction of B0 instability artifacts (1993)

View-to-view phase shifts due to B0 instability are corrected by applying a phase correction to the low-spatial-frequency views. The algorithm described herein assumes that the signal intensity in the space outside of an object represents only noise. A set of phases for the low-spatial-frequency views are calculated by minimizing, in the image, the intensity of the induced artifacts in the space outside of the object.
Absolute Stereochemistry of Immunosuppressive Macrolide Brasilinolide A and Its New Congener Brasilinolide C (2004)

Brasilinolide A (2) is a 32-membered polyhydroxyl macrolide with immunosuppressive activity isolated from a pathogenic actinomycete, Nocardia brasiliensis IFM0406. The absolute configurations at 26 chiral centers of 2 and its new congener, brasilinolide C (1), were determined on the basis of the spectral data of 1 and degradation products derived from 1 and 2.
Multi-Path Interferometric Josephson Directional Amplifier for Qubit\n Readout (2017)

We realize and characterize a quantum-limited, directional Josephson\namplifier suitable for qubit readout. The device consists of two nondegenerate,\nthree-wave-mixing amplifiers that are coupled together in an interferometric\nscheme, embedded in a printed circuit board. Nonreciprocity is generated by\napplying a phase gradient between the same-frequency pumps feeding the device,\nwhich plays the role of the magnetic field in a Faraday medium. Directional\namplification and reflection-gain elimination are induced via wave interference\nbetween multiple paths in the system. We measure and discuss the main figures\nof merit of the device and show that the experimental results are in good\nagreement with theory. An improved version of this directional amplifier is\nexpected to eliminate the need for bulky, off-chip isolation stages that\ngenerally separate quantum systems and preamplifiers in high-fidelity,\nquantum-nondemolition measurement setups.\n