gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of New 1,3,8-Trisubstituted Purine-2,6-diones and 1,3,6-Trisubstituted Thiazolo[2,3-f]purine-2,4-diones (2007)

New 1,3,8-trisubstituted purine-2,6-diones and 1,3,6-trisubstituted thiazolo[2,3-f]purine-2,4-diones were designed and synthesized as agents with potential biological activities.The final products were obtained by cyclization of carboxamide intermediates using 1,1,1,3,3,3,-hexamethyldisilazane.This procedure gave higher yields, and was more convenient and easier in purification compared to other methods.We also found polyphosphoric acid to be the most efficient agent in the cyclization of 8-The pyrimidine and purine ring systems belong to the most ubiquitous heterocycles in nature, as they represent the main structure of many biologically active compounds.Several of these heterocycles possess a multitude of pronounced biological activities.The class of fused purines are considered to be attractive targets since their fundamental skeleton is analogous to naturally occurring purine alkaloids.Many biological activities have been reported for these classes of compounds; they can act as antitumor and anticancer amplifiers, 1 phosphodiesterase inhibitors, 2 antimicrobial agents, 3 anti-asthmatic, 4 antiinflammatory. 5Recently, we reported that 1,8-disubstituted purine-2,6-diones and 3,6-disubstituted thiazolo[2,3-f]purine-2,4-diones showed potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity through adenosine receptor antagonism. 7,8Together with the very interesting recent finding by Foley et al. that this class of compounds has also potential antidiabetic activity through inhibition of phosphoenolpyruvate 1 We dedicate this paper to Prof. Dr. Ekkehard Winterfeldt on the occasion of his 75 th birthday.
Highly Selective Coupling of Alkenes and Aldehydes Catalyzed by [Ni(NHC){P(OPh)3}]: Synergy Between a Strong σ Donor and a Strong π Acceptor (2007)

In dieser Zuschrift war Struktur III in Tabelle 1 nicht korrekt. Die richtige Struktur ist unten gezeigt.1
III-Nitride Light-Emitting Diodes for Solid State Lighting Revolution (2009)

This presentation will include an overview of III-Nitride LED technology, applications, key areas for future improvements, challenges such as efficiency droop. Under the “replacement paradigm”, LEDs are replacing conventional light sources. In addition, transcending the replacement paradigm of solid-state lighting for future new applications will be discussed.
Probing Nanodispersions of Clays for Reactive Foaming (2009)

Nanodispersions of clays in polyurethane components have been prepared. Nanoclays (both natural and organically modified) of various aspect ratios are used. The fillers are dispersed separately in polyurethane components, viz., polyol and polyisocyanate. The nanodispersions are characterized by the combined use of solution rheology, X-ray scattering, cryo-electron microscopy, and IR spectroscopy. Reactive foaming of these nanodispersions is carried out to make polyurethane nanocomposite foams. The status of the dispersion of fillers in components and in foams has been compared to investigate the effect of the foaming process in exfoliation. Interpretation of the results from different characterization techniques describes the state of the dispersion of fillers in components and in foam. The rheological and physicochemical behaviors of nanodispersions are shown to have a significant influence on the properties of nanocomposite foams.
A Study of Piston Geometry Effects on Late-Stage Combustion in a Light-Duty Optical Diesel Engine Using Combustion Image Velocimetry (2018)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In light-duty direct-injection (DI) diesel engines, combustion chamber geometry influences the complex interactions between swirl and squish flows, spray-wall interactions, as well as late-cycle mixing. Because of these interactions, piston bowl geometry significantly affects fuel efficiency and emissions behavior. However, due to lack of reliable in-cylinder measurements, the mechanisms responsible for piston-induced changes in engine behavior are not well understood. Non-intrusive, in situ optical measurement techniques are necessary to provide a deeper understanding of the piston geometry effect on in-cylinder processes and to assist in the development of predictive engine simulation models.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study compares two substantially different piston bowls with geometries representative of existing technology: a conventional re-entrant bowl and a stepped-lip bowl. Both pistons are tested in a single-cylinder optical diesel engine under identical boundary conditions. Utilizing high-speed soot natural luminosity (NL) imaging, 20 kHz time-resolved combustion image velocimetry (CIV) technique is developed to quantify the macro-scale motions of soot clouds during the mixing-controlled portion of combustion.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Under a part-load conventional combustion regime, CIV-resolved swirl ratio and the tumble-plane projection of velocity fields confirm that the injection-induced redistribution of angular momentum, rather than squish/reverse squish flow, is a dominant source for swirl amplification between two piston geometries. A strong connection has been found between the CIV-resolved combusting flow structure and its succeeding enhanced late-stage burn rate. With SOI&lt;sub&gt;main&lt;/sub&gt; shortly after TDC, combustion in stepped-lip piston exhibits shorter late-burn duration (CA50-CA90) and faster burn rate compared to re-entrant piston. In the same boundary condition, a unique combusting flow structure is observed with CIV in the stepped-lip piston: a long-lasting flow structure with opposing radial velocity directions between the squish region and stepped-lip region. Interestingly, this flow structure is never optically observed with the re-entrant piston. The best hypothesis is that there exists a long-lasting vertical toroidal vortex on the shoulder of stepped-lip piston crown near CA50. A phenomenological model is proposed to provide a partial, but valuable picture of late-stage combusting flow structure which is a key to understand how piston bowl geometry can influence thermal efficiency for swirl-supported diesel engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The structure and analysis of a scene : a photometric approach (2006)

The field of computer vision has grown enormously in the last decade, and significant progress has been made in many different areas. Several reasonable solutions to technically challenging problems like stereo, optical flow, tracking, detection, recognition, shape from shading, photometric stereo \\etc have emerged. The principle challenge today is to make these algorithms, designed and tested in laboratory conditions, to work in real life situations. Several assumptions that make vision problems tractable, break down in the real world. The most common among these assumptions is that the reflectance of all objects in an image is Lambertian. This dissertation focuses on algorithms that can be applied to a large class of non-Lambertian materials whose reflectance can be described as a linear combination of diffuse (matte) and a specular (gloss) term. We propose a transformation of the RGB color space that recovers two purely diffuse components of an RGB color image. We extend our approach to the case of multiple colored illuminants in a scene, and derive a class of photometric invariants. These photometric invariants can then be used as inputs to several computer vision algorithms to improve their performance. This is empirically demonstrated for photometric stereo, shape from shading, stereo, optical flow, passive photometric stereo, and color based segmentation. While the problem of recovering two purely diffuse components of a color image is well-posed, the problem of completely separating the specular and diffuse components of a color image is an ill-posed one. We propose a unified approach to solve this problem for images and videos of textureless as well as textured scenes. A partial differential equation is derived that uses neighborhood color information of a pixel to iteratively erode the specular component of color. Finally, we introduce an application called Dichromatic Editing -- the process of independently editing and recombining the two components of color to achieve a variety of visual effects. While the problem of recovering two purely diffuse components of a color image is well-posed, the problem of completely separating the specular and diffuse components of a color image is an ill-posed one. We propose a unified approach to solve this problem for images and videos of textureless as well as textured scenes. A partial differential equation is derived that uses neighborhood color information of a pixel to iteratively erode the specular component of color. Finally, we introduce an application called Dichromatic Editing -- the process of independently editing and recombining the two components of color to achieve a variety of visual effects
Stark effect in AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs coupled quantum wells (1987)

Optical spectra near the band edges of AlxGa1−xAs/GaAs coupled quantum well structures are found to exhibit rich structure. Under the Stark perturbation, these transitions have behavior remarkably different from those associated with single quantum wells. Positive energy shifts and high sensitivity to electric fields have been observed and interpreted as evidence of well coupling. Results of a simple numerical calculation support this interpretation.
The interplay between networks and robotics: networked robots and robotic routers (2010)

In this work, we explore the interplay between robotics and networks. Robots can benefit from an embedded network and also the network can benefit from the mobility of the robots.
We investigate the design space where the application is oriented towards robotics or networking, considering how much information about the environment is provided and what the sensing capabilities are.
At one end, the robots can benefit from the resources of an environment-embedded network, in which robot sensing and communication is enhanced by the network. We consider the design and implementation of practical pursuit-evasion games with networked robots, where a communication network provides sensing-at-a-distance as well as a communication backbone that enables tighter coordination between pursuers. Using the theory of zero-sum games, we develop an algorithm that computes the minimal completion time strategy for multi-pursuit multi-evasion when all players make optimal decisions based on complete knowledge. We then describe the design of a real-world mobile robot-based pursuit evasion game. We validate our algorithms by experiments in a moderate-scale testbed in a challenging office environment.
We then show that the network can also benefit from Robotics by taking advance of micro and macro motion. Robots can mitigate multi-path fading. We design a system that allows robots to cooperate and improve the real-world network throughput via a distributed cooperation framework. A mobile wireless network can also be quickly and autonomously deployed in urban search and rescue efforts, forming a communication substrate. We study the problem of determining the minimum number of mobile robots and how to position them so all clients are connected. Our approach to the problem is based on virtual potential fields where we treat each client as a virtual charged particle. We validate our algorithm with physical robots in an indoor environment and demonstrate that we are able to get feasible solutions.
Increased Circulating Level of the Survival Factor GP88 (Progranulin) in the Serum of Breast Cancer Patients When Compared to Healthy Subjects (2011)

These data suggest that serial testing of serum GP88 levels may have value as a circulating biomarker for detection, monitoring and follow up of BC.
A novel sensor measuring local voidage profile inside a fluidised bed reactor (2021)

Liquid-solid fluidisation is frequently encountered in drinking water treatment processes, often to obtain a large liquid-solid interfacial surface area. A large surface area is crucial for optimal seeded crystallisation in full-scale softening reactors. Due to crystallisation, particles grow and migrate to a lower zone in the reactor which leads to a stratified bed. Larger particles adversely affect the surface area. To maintain optimal process conditions in the fluidised beds, information is needed about the distribution of particle size, local voidage and available surface area, over the reactor height. In this work, a sensor is developed to obtain the hydraulic state gradient, based on Archimedes’ principle. A cylindrical heavy object is submerged in the fluidised bed and lowered gradually while its weight is measured at various heights using a sensitive force measuring device. Based on accurate fluidisation experiments with calcite grains, the voidage is determined and a straightforward empirical model is developed to estimate the particle size as a function of superficial fluid velocity, kinematic viscosity, suspension density, voidage and particle density. The surface area and specific space velocity can be estimated accordingly, which represent key performance indicators regarding the hydraulic state of the fluidised bed reactor. The prediction error for voidage is 5 ± 2 % and for particle size 9 ± 4 %. The newly developed soft sensor is a more time-effective method for obtaining the hydraulic state in full-scale liquid-solid fluidised bed reactors.
Dependency-spheres: a global transaction context for distributed objects and messages (2002)

Many enterprise systems employ both object-oriented middleware (OOM) and message-oriented middleware (MOM). However support for the integration of object and messaging services, in particular for transaction processing across object and messaging components, is very limited. In this paper we introduce the concept of Dependency-Spheres (D-Spheres), a global transaction context for distributed objects and messages. A D-Sphere integrates standard distributed object transactions and conditional asynchronous messages in one single unit-of-work. It is a new service for transaction processing that enhances two-phase-commit ACID transactions with pre-commit message delivery, concurrent evaluations of transaction-critical message conditions, and message compensation support for recovery. D-Spheres enrich standard OOM and MOM services, uniquely providing for an increased level of reliability for their use in combination in enterprise systems.
Carbon fiber reinforced phenolic Resin/Silica ceramer composites—processing, mechanical and thermal properties (2000)

Abstract Phenolic/silica ceramers were prepared by the sol‐gel method. Carbon fiber reinforced phenolic/silica ceramer composites with high thermal resistance were fabricated. Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was used as a monomer for sol‐gel system. Different ratios of the sol‐gel solutoins and phenolic resins were adopted and the resulting ceramers were used as matrices for carbon fiber reinforced composites. The mechanical and thermal properties of the fabricated composites were studied. The results show that the incorporation of inorganic ingredients into the phenolic resins will increase the thermal resistance of the fabricated composites but not affect the flexural strength of the carbon fiber reinforced phenolic/silica ceramer composites up to 60 wt%. The morphologies of the ceramer matrices were examined by SEM. SiO 2 particles from at the gaps between fibers for higher inorganic contents.
Asymmetric Epoxy Cyclohexenyl Sulfones:  Readily Accessible Progenitors of Stereodefined Six-Carbon Arrays1 (1999)

[formula: see text] Enantiopure epoxy vinyl sulfones serve as highly effective substrates for a variety of stereo- and regiospecific oxidation and nucleophilic functionalization reactions. These materials can be easily transformed to cyclic and acyclic six-carbon segments. Nucleophilic epoxidation of 3a,b followed by palladium[0] catalysis enables access to differentially protected arene diols 21 and 22.
Low-index discontinuity terahertz waveguides (2006)

A new type of dielectric THz waveguide based on recent approaches in the field of integrated optics is presented with theoretical and experimental results. Although the guiding mechanism of the low-index discontinuity (LID) THz waveguide is total internal reflection, the THz wave is predominantly confined in the virtually lossless low-index air gap within a high-index dielectric waveguide due to the continuity of electric flux density at the dielectric interface. Attenuation, dispersion and single-mode confinement properties of two LID structures are discussed and compared with other THz waveguide solutions. The new approach provides an outstanding combination of high mode confinement and low transmission losses currently not realizable with any other metal-based or photonic crystal approach. These exceptional properties might enable the breakthrough of novel integrated THz systems or endoscopy applications with sub-wavelength resolution.
Focused Proteomics in Post-Mortem Human Spinal Cord (2006)

With a highly sensitive electrospray ionization-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI-FTICR MS) system, proteins were identified in minimal amounts of spinal cord from patients with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and compared to proteins in spinal cord from control subjects. The results show 18 versus 16 significantly identified (p < 0.05) proteins, respectively, all known to be found in the central nervous system. The most abundant protein in both groups was the glial fibrillary acidic protein, GFAP. Other proteins were, for example, hemoglobin alpha- and beta chain, myelin basic protein, thioredoxin, alpha enolase, and choline acetyltransferase. This study also includes the technique of laser microdissection in combination with pressure catapulting (LMPC) for the dissection of samples and specific neurons. Furthermore, complementary experiments with nanoLC-matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) confirmed the results of the ESI-FTICR MS screening and provided additional results of further identified proteins.
Native Vacancy Enhanced Oxygen Redox Reversibility and Structural Robustness (2018)

Abstract Cathode materials with high energy density, long cycle life, and low cost are of top priority for energy storage systems. The Li‐rich transition metal (TM) oxides achieve high specific capacities by redox reactions of both the TM and oxygen ions. However, the poor reversible redox reaction of the anions results in severe fading of the cycling performance. Herein, the vacancy‐containing Na 4/7 [Mn 6/7 (◻ Mn ) 1/7 ]O 2 (◻ Mn for vacancies in the MnO slab) is presented as a novel cathode material for Na‐ion batteries. The presence of native vacancies endows this material with attractive properties including high structural flexibility and stability upon Na‐ion extraction and insertion and high reversibility of oxygen redox reaction. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption near edge structure and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies demonstrate that the charge compensation is dominated by the oxygen redox reaction and Mn 3+ /Mn 4+ redox reaction separately. In situ synchrotron X‐ray diffraction exhibits its zero‐strain feature during the cycling. Density functional theory calculations further deepen the understanding of the charge compensation by oxygen and manganese redox reactions and the immobility of the Mn ions in the material. These findings provide new ideas on searching for and designing materials with high capacity and high structural stability for novel energy storage systems.
Molecular chimerism in IgE-mediated allergy (2013)

Specific immunotherapy is the only curative treatment currently available for IgE-mediated allergy and preventive strategies are lacking altogether. We have recently reported that molecular chimerism induces durable tolerance in experimental models of allergy, thus potentially providing a new approach for the treatment and prevention of allergic diseases. Molecular chimerism is a gene-therapy approach for tolerance induction toward defined disease-causing antigens. In proof-of-concept studies, we introduced a clinically relevant grass pollen allergen into hematopoietic stem cells and transplanted those modified cells into preconditioned syngeneic mice. Long-lasting and robust tolerance toward the allergen was achieved. In our most recent studies published in Clinical and Experimental Allergy we demonstrated that milder, non-myeloablative conditioning is sufficient to induce tolerance. Our results revealed that, in contrast to other rodent models of chimerism, persistent microchimerism suffices to induce lasting tolerance at the T cell, B cell and effector cell levels in IgE-mediated allergy. This article addendum provides a summary of the recent paper and its implications.
Multi-channel DVB-T transmitter design based on the SW/HW co-design method (2012)

This paper presents multi-channel DVB-T transmitter design based on the software and hardware co-design approach. Part of the transmitter which requires less computational complexity is implemented by the SW module while the other part which requires more computing to generate the OFDM signal waveform is processed by the HW module. The data stream processed by the SW module is transferred to the HW module via the high speed USB connection. The transferred or stored data streams are processed by the DVB-T waveform shaping and interpolation filter. To implement the multichannel DVB-T transmitter efficiently, we apply the digital modulation using DDS (direct digital synthesizer) and single-channel OFDM signals are combined in the digital domain. and combined in digital domain. Finally the digitally combined multi-channel signals are processed by the analog subsystem and up-converted to the desired frequency channel. To combine multi-channel signal sources in digital domain, the baseband signal is up-sampled and interpolated using the modified Farrow type interpolation filter. We apply least square or minimization of maximum error criterion and design the filter coefficients.
Region of Interest based Topological Structure Extraction using Growing Neural Gas for Environmental Recognition (2016)

In this paper, we propose a region of interest based topological structure extraction method for a 3D point cloud. Our method is based on Growing Neural Gas with Utility (GNG-U) for extracting the topological structure. GNG-U can apply to the non-stationary data distribution by using a local measurement value. However, GNG-U cannot control the number of nodes because GNG-U cannot reduce the number of nodes basically. Therefore, we propose the improved GNG-U for controlling the number of nodes. Next, we explain a feature extraction method using the topological structure. Furthermore, we propose the environmental recognition method based on central and peripheral vision. Finally, we show an experimental result, and discuss the effectiveness of the proposed method.