gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beam shaping through atmospheric turbulence with an adaptive coherent tiled array transmitter for optical power transfer(Conference Presentation) (2016)

Laser power delivery through atmospheric turbulence to photovoltaic (PV) cells, e.g., for remote powering of UAVs, has unique requirements on adaptive beam control. In contrast to directed energy applications or laser communications, where the goal is to concentrate as much power as possible on a target or a receiver aperture, respectively, efficient power conversion with PV cells requires a uniform irradiance over the PV converter area. To minimize the loss of optical energy, the beam shape and size should be matched to the area the PV converter. This should be realized even if the distances between the transmitter and the PV converter are varying over time. In this paper we present techniques for power beaming with adaptive fiber array transmitters. Control of piston, tip, and tilt phases within each sub-aperture allows for adaptive beam shaping and for mitigation of distortions caused by atmospheric-turbulence using light returning from an array of small retro-reflector interspersed with the PV cells as feedback signal for a stochastic parallel gradient descent (SPGD) controller. We will discuss several approaches to optimize the beam shape at the PV converter and present experimental results from proof-of-principle experiments on an atmospheric propagation path.
Macrophage heterogeneity correlates with autophagy-dependent anti-mycobacterial activity and ability to present antigen in human macrophages (2019)

Abstract Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) kills around 1.5 million people each year. Albeit, only 10% of humans develop active disease after aerosol infection, the basis for differential susceptibility of humans remains unclear. To determine if human macrophages are heterogeneous in their ability to kill Mtb, cord blood derived macrophages were treated with either IFN-γ or IL-4 to prepare M1 and M2 phenotype respectively in vitro. Macrophages were infected with a 1:1 ratio of Mtb and days 3 and 5 post infection, macrophage lysates were plated for CFU counts. In addition, intracellular autophagy was measured in gfpMtb infected macrophages using cytoID stains to detect autophagosomes and LC3 lipidation through western blot of macrophage lysates. Mtb infected macrophages were overlaid using CD4 T cells specific for the Antigen-85B epitope to measure antigen presentation. M1 macrophages showed a bacteriostatic ability and restricted the growth of Mtb while IL-4 treated M2 macrophages showed nearly 1 log increase in the growth of Mtb. Thus M2 macrophages were permissive for growth of Mtb. Consistent with this observation, gfpMtb co-localized with autophagosomes more frequently in M1 macrophages suggesting a role for autophagy during growth inhibition. M1 macrophages also presented Ag85B to CD4 T cells better than M2 macrophages. Enhanced antigen presentation by M1 macrophages was also found to be dependent on IFITM3, Atg5 and Atg 16 genes as siRNA knock down of these specific genes resulted in reduced antigen presentation by M1 macrophages. These observations suggest that autophagy pathways within macrophage may govern their heterogeneity into M1 or M2 hence their innate ability to kill intracellular Mtb and trigger immune activation.
Value of rest-stress myocardial positron tomography using nitrogen-13 ammonia for the preoperative prediction of reversible asynergy. (1989)

To determine the predictive value of stress [13N]ammonia positron emission tomography (PET) for reversible ischemia, 31 patients with coronary artery disease underwent rest-stress [13N]ammonia PET before and after coronary artery bypass surgery. The circumferential profile analysis was applied to determine the presence of transient defect (TD) and persistent defect (PD) preoperatively, and the fate of perfusion abnormality and asynergy after the surgery was assessed. Preoperative PET demonstrated 100 segments with perfusion abnormalities, including 69 TD and 31 PD. Fifty-six of the 69 TD (81%) improved in regional perfusion, while only four of 31 PD (13%) improved in perfusion postoperatively (p less than 0.001). Of 75 segments showing regional asynergy on contrast or radionuclide ventriculography preoperatively, 34 of 48 segments with TD (71%) improved in asynergy, while only five of 27 segments with PD (19%) improved in asynergy postoperatively (p less than 0.001). Stress-delayed 201TI tomography was performed in 22 of them. The predictive values for improvement in perfusion (77%) and asynergy (65%) were similar as those by [13N]ammonia PET (81% and 71%, respectively). However, the predictive values for no improvement in perfusion and asynergy by 201TI tended to be low (66% and 58%, respectively), as compared to those in 13N ammonia PET (87%; p less than 0.05 and 81%; p = 0.09, respectively). We conclude that an accurate prediction of reversible ischemia and asynergy can be achieved with rest-stress [13N]ammonia PET. Particularly, it can identify irreversible areas more accurately than the commonly performed stress-delayed 201TI imaging.
Organization and regulation of the ilvGEDA operon in Salmonella typhimurium LT2 (1981)

A total of 102 isoleucine- and isoleucine-valine-requiring (ilv) mutants induced by insertion of the transposable element Tn10 have been classified to cistron by growth requirement, cross-feeding behavior, and enzyme assays. The mutations are in a polycistronic operon transcribed in the order ilvGEDA and in a monocistronic operon ilvC. Analysis of distal gene expression in these polar insertion mutants revealed the existence of two constitutive interval promoters, one preceding ilvE and the other preceding ilvD.
A DSL for cross-domain security (2012)

Guardol is a domain-specific language focused on the creation of high-assurance network guards and the specification of guard properties. The Guardol system generates Ada code from Guardol programs and also provides specification and automated verification support. Guard programs and specifications are translated to higher order logic, then deductively transformed to a form suitable for a SMT-style decision procedure for recursive functions over tree-structured data. The result is that difficult properties of Guardol programs can be proved fully automatically.
Hexon Modification to Improve the Activity of Oncolytic Adenovirus Vectors against Neoplastic and Stromal Cells in Pancreatic Cancer (2015)

Primary pancreatic carcinoma has an unfavourable prognosis and standard treatment strategies mostly fail in advanced cases. Virotherapy might overcome this resistance to current treatment modalities. However, data from clinical studies with oncolytic viruses, including replicating adenoviral (Ad) vectors, have shown only limited activity against pancreatic cancer and other carcinomas. Since pancreatic carcinomas have a complex tumor architecture and frequently a strong stromal compartment consisting of non-neoplastic cell types (mainly pancreatic stellate cells = hPSCs) and extracellular matrix, it is not surprising that Ad vectors replicating in neoplastic cells will likely fail to eradicate this aggressive tumor type. Because the TGFβ receptor (TGFBR) is expressed on both neoplastic cells and hPSCs we inserted the TGFBR targeting peptide CKS17 into the hypervariable region 5 (HVR5) of the capsid protein hexon with the aim to generate a replicating Ad vector with improved activity in complex tumors. We demonstrated increased transduction of both pancreatic cancer cell lines and of hPSCs and enhanced cytotoxicity in co-cultures of both cell types. Surface plasmon resonance analysis demonstrated decreased binding of coagulation factor X to CKS17-modified Ad particles and in vivo biodistribution studies performed in mice indicated decreased transduction of hepatocytes. Thus, to increase activity of replicating Ad vectors we propose to relax tumor cell selectivity by genetic hexon-mediated targeting to the TGFBR (or other receptors present on both neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumor) to enable replication also in the stromal cell compartment of tumors, while abolishing hepatocyte transduction, and thereby increasing safety.
A Meta-Analysis of Unrelated Donor Umbilical Cord Blood Transplantation versus Unrelated Donor Bone Marrow Transplantation in Adult and Pediatric Patients (2007)

Several studies have compared the results of unrelated donor bone marrow transplantation (UBMT) and unrelated donor cord blood transplantation (UCBT). To objectively analyze these data, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of pooled data on comparative studies of UCBT and UBMT in patients requiring hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Combining the studies, 161 children and 316 adults undergoing UCBT (mostly 1 or 2 antigen-mismatched), along with 316 children and 996 adults undergoing UBMT (almost entirely fully matched with the recipient), were analyzed. T-cell-depleted UBMT was excluded; where data were available, only fully matched UBMT was used in the analysis. Pooled comparisons of studies of UCBT and UBMT in children found that the incidence of chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) was lower with UCBT (relative risk [RR] = 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12-0.57; P = .16), but the incidence of grade III-IV acute GVHD did not differ (RR = 1.46; 95% CI = 0.42-5.03; P = .55). There was no difference in 2-year OS in children when studies were pooled (RR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.31-1.87; P = .55). For adults, transplantation-related mortality (pooled estimate, 1.04; 95% CI = 0.52-2.08; P = .91) and disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled estimate, 0.59; 95% CI = 0.18-1.96; P = .39) were not statistically different. Because of the unavailability of randomized controlled trials, pooled analysis of nonrandomized comparative studies was performed. Thus, our meta-analysis confirmed that UCBT in children and adults had consistently equivalent survival outcomes compared with UBMT despite greater donor-recipient HLA disparity with UCBT.
Heterogeneous electron transfer kinetics and electrocatalytic behaviour of mixed self-assembled ferrocenes and SWCNT layers (2009)

The electron transfer dynamics and electrocatalytic behaviour of ferrocene-terminated self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), co-adsorbed with single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on a gold electrode, have been interrogated for the first time. Ferrocene monocarboxylic acid (FMCA) or ferrocene dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was covalently attached to the cysteamine (Cys) monolayer to form Au-Cys-FMCA and Au-Cys-FDCA, respectively. The same covalent attachment strategy was used to form the mixed SWCNTs and ferrocene-terminated layers (i.e. Au-Cys-SWCNT/FMCA and Au-Cys-SWCNT/FDCA). Using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, the impact of neighbouring SWCNTs on the electron transfer dynamics of the ferrocene molecular assemblies in an acidic medium (0.5 M H(2)SO(4)) and in a solution of an outer-sphere redox probe ([Fe(CN)(6)](4-)/[Fe(CN)(6)](3-)) was explored. The electron transfer rate constants in both media essentially decreased as Au-Cys-FMCA > Au-Cys-SWCNT/FDCA > Au-Cys-FDCA > Au-Cys-SWCNT/FMCA. This trend has been interpreted in terms of several factors such as the locations of the ferrocene species in a range of environments with a range of potentials, the proximity/interactions of the ferrocenes with one another, and electrostatic interaction or repulsion existing between the negatively-charged redox probe and the modified electrodes. The thiocyanate ion (SCN(-)) was used as a model analyte to examine the influence of the neighbouring SWCNTs on the electrocatalytic ability of the ferrocene assemblies. The Au-Cys-SWCNT/FDCA showed the best catalytic activity (in terms of onset potential and catalytic peak current height) for the oxidation of SCN(-), possibly due to the repulsive interactions between the negatively charged SCN(-) and high number of surface -COOH species at the SWCNT/FDCA. This study has provided some useful insights as to how CNTs co-assembled with ferrocene-terminated thiols could impact on the electron transfer kinetics as well as the electrocatalytic detection of the self-assembled ferrocene layers.
Transient photocurrent spectroscopy: Electrical detection of optical absorption for supported semiconductor nanocrystals in a simple device geometry (1998)

The optical absorption of supported cadmium sulfide nanocrystals is directly detected as an electrical signal using a method described in this letter. Cadmium sulfide nanocrystals were epitaxially deposited onto highly oriented, pyrolitic graphite surfaces using a hybrid electrochemical/chemical synthesis method. The resulting submonolayer of cadmium sulfide nanocrystals was then covered with a thin (10–100 nm) insulating Formvar layer and a semitransparent gold top electrode. We exposed this structure to monochromatic chopped light and detected the transient photocurrent phase-sensitively and without applied bias. In the resulting device spectra, the absorption edge of the cadmium sulfide nanocrystals was clearly discernible at room temperature. The device response spectrum is compared with photoluminescence spectra acquired for the quantum dots in these devices at 20 K.
National Language Generation in Practice (2000)

Before commencing our exploration of the technical content of work in natural language generation, in this chapter we take a step back and consider questions that arise when we look at putting nlg technology to work. We consider alternatives to nlg, and we discuss the circumstances under which it is appropriate to use nlg technology. We also look at requirements analysis and the evaluation and fielding of nlg systems. These topics are rarely discussed in the research literature but are of major significance when we are concerned with the construction of an operational natural language generation system.
Initiation and termination mechanism in the cooligomerization of the styrene–methyl methacrylate–carbon tetrachloride system (1972)

Abstract The analysis of the endgroups of the oligomers produced in the styrene (A)–CCl 4 (S) system (system I), the methyl methacrylate(B)–CCl 4 system (system II), and the styrene–methyl methacrylate–CCl 4 system (system III) was carried out in order to clarify the mechanism of the initiation, transfer, and termination. In system I, the number of Cl atoms per oligomer molecule N Cl increases with the molar ratio of [S]/[A] when the molar ratio of [S]/[A] is below unity and is about four when the molar ratio of [S]/[A] is above unity, and the number of initiator fragments per oligomer molecule N I decreases with the increase in the molar ratio of [S]/[A]. In system II, N Cl is about 0.45 over a considerably wide range of the molar ratio of [S]/[B]. In system III, N Cl increases and N I decreases with the increase in the molar ratios of [S]/([A] + [B]) and [A]/[B]. From the data of N Cl and N I , the fraction I CC14 of the initiation by the tri‐chloromethyl radical in the overall initiation reactions and the fraction T CC14 of the chain transfer reaction of the growing radical of styrene in all the reactions which produce the cooligomer in the system III were calculated. I CCl3 and T CC14 both increase with the molar ratios [S]/([A] + [B]) and [A]/[B].
Association of Birth Weight With Type 2 Diabetes and Glycemic Traits (2019)

In this study, a genetic predisposition to lower birth weight was associated with increased risk of T2D and higher fasting glucose concentration, suggesting genetic effects on retarded fetal growth and increased diabetes risk that either are independent of each other or operate through alterations of integrated biological mechanisms.
Polymerization of coniferyl alcohol by Mn3+‐mediated (enzymatic) oxidation: Effects of H2O2 concentration, aqueous organic solvents, and pH (2017)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of one versatile peroxidase and the biocatalytically generated complex Mn(III)-malonate to polymerize coniferyl alcohol (CA) to obtain dehydrogenation polymers (DHPs) and to characterize how closely the structures of the formed DHPs resemble native lignin. Hydrogen peroxide was used as oxidant and Mn<sup>2+</sup> as mediator. Based on the yields of the polymerized product, it was concluded that the enzymatic reaction should be performed in aqueous solution without organic solvents at 4.5 ≤ pH ≤ 6.0 and with 0.75 ≤ H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> :CA ratio ≤ 1. The results obtained from the Mn<sup>3+</sup> -malonate-mediated polymerization showed that the yield was almost 100%. Reaction conditions had, however, effect on the structures of the formed DHPs, as detected by size exclusion chromatography and pyrolysis-GC/MS. It can be concluded that from the structural point of view, the optimal pH for DHP formation using the presently studied system was 3 or 4.5. Low H<sub>2</sub> O<sub>2</sub> /CA ratio was beneficial to avoid oxidative side reactions. However, the high frequency of β-β linkages in all cases points to dimer formation between monomeric CA rather than endwise polymerization. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 34:81-90, 2018.
Contexto democrático, escolaridade e tolerância política na América Latina (2019)

[POR] Estudos têm apontado a escolaridade como importante condicionante da tolerância política, mas não têm conseguido avaliar o impacto de contextos políticos e econômicos distintos sobre essa relação. Considerando essa conexão entre contextos nacionais e atributos individuais, esse artigo investiga as relações entre o legado democrático de dezenas de nações latino-americanas e os efeitos da escolaridade sobre as atitudes tolerantes dos seus cidadãos. Testamos a hipótese de que, em contextos de maior durabilidade e qualidade democrática, tal efeito é potencializado em razão da inclusividade e do sistema de contestação pública. A inclusão de novos grupos políticos e a garantia de livre expressão dos seus projetos políticos tornaria mais complexa e custosa a tarefa de tolerar, aumentando assim a sua dependência da sofisticação política. Para os testes, estimamos modelos lineares multiníveis usando dados do Latin American Public Opinion Project, em sua edição de 2014.
Newcastle Disease Virus in Madagascar: Identification of an Original Genotype Possibly Deriving from a Died Out Ancestor of Genotype IV (2010)

In Madagascar, Newcastle disease (ND) has become enzootic after the first documented epizootics in 1946, with recurrent annual outbreaks causing mortality up to 40%. Four ND viruses recently isolated in Madagascar were genotypically and pathotypically characterised. By phylogenetic inference based on the F and HN genes, and also full-genome sequence analyses, the NDV Malagasy isolates form a cluster distant enough to constitute a new genotype hereby proposed as genotype XI. This new genotype is presumably deriving from an ancestor close to genotype IV introduced in the island probably more than 50 years ago. Our data show also that all the previously described neutralising epitopes are conserved between Malagasy and vaccine strains. However, the potential implication in vaccination failures of specific amino acid substitutions predominantly found on surface-exposed epitopes of F and HN proteins is discussed.
Soft information generation in joint demodulation of co-channel signals (2002)

Joint demodulation techniques have been shown to be effective in mitigating co-channel interference for mobile handsets with only a single receiver antenna. As in the case of single user demodulation, a joint demodulation receiver needs to calculate the soft information values corresponding to the desired signal to optimize decoder performance. In this paper, practical soft information generation algorithms for use with joint demodulation of co-channel signals are described. The proposed algorithms are evaluated using the transmission parameters of a time-division multiple-access (TDMA) system known as American National Standards Institute-136 (ANSI-136).
Cinnamic Acid Derived Oxazolinium Ions as Novel Cytotoxic Agents. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Adaptive Backpressure: Efficient buffer management for on-chip networks (2012)

This paper introduces Adaptive Backpressure, a novel scheme that improves the utilization of dynamically managed router input buffers by continuously adjusting the stiffness of the flow control feedback loop in response to observed traffic conditions. Through a simple extension to the router's flow control mechanism, the proposed scheme heuristically limits the number of credits available to individual virtual channels based on estimated downstream congestion, aiming to minimize the amount of buffer space that is occupied unproductively. This leads to more efficient distribution of buffer space and improves isolation between multiple concurrently executing workloads with differing performance characteristics. Experimental results for a 64-node mesh network show that Adaptive Backpressure improves network stability, leading to an average 2.6× increase in throughput under heavy load across traffic patterns. In the presence of background traffic, the proposed scheme reduces zero-load latency by an average of 31%. Finally, it mitigates the performance degradation encountered when latency- and throughput-optimized execution cores contend for network resources in a heterogeneous chip multi-processor; across a set of PARSEC benchmarks, we observe an average reduction in execution time of 34%.
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 411 to 488 (2014)

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High-Heat-Flux Testing of Irradiated Tungsten-Based Materials for Fusion Applications Using Infrared Plasma Arc Lamps (2014)

Testing of advanced materials and component mock-ups under prototypical fusion high-heat-flux conditions, while historically a mainstay of fusion research, has proved to be quite challenging, especially for irradiated materials. A new high-heat-flux–testing (HHFT) facility based on water-wall plasma arc lamps (PALs) is now introduced for materials and small-component testing. Two PAL systems, utilizing a 12 000°C plasma arc contained in a quartz tube cooled by a spiral water flow over the inside tube surface, provide maximum incident heat fluxes of 4.2 and 27 MW/m<sup>2</sup> over areas of 9×12 and 1×10 cm<sup>2</sup>, respectively. This paper will present the overall design and implementation of a PAL-based irradiated material target station (IMTS). The IMTS is primarily designed for testing the effects of heat flux or thermal cycling on material coupons of interest, such as those for plasma-facing components. Temperature results are shown for thermal cycling under HHFT of tungsten coupon specimens that were neutron irradiated in HFIR. Finally, radiological surveys indicated minimal contamination of the 36×36×18 cm test section, demonstrating the capability of the new facility to handle irradiated specimens at high temperature.