gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Devil is in the GAN: Backdoor Attacks and Defenses in Deep Generative Models (2021)

Deep Generative Models (DGMs) are a popular class of deep learning models which find widespread use because of their ability to synthesize data from complex, high-dimensional manifolds. However, even with their increasing industrial adoption, they haven't been subject to rigorous security and privacy analysis. In this work we examine one such aspect, namely backdoor attacks on DGMs which can significantly limit the applicability of pre-trained models within a model supply chain and at the very least cause massive reputation damage for companies outsourcing DGMs form third parties. While similar attacks scenarios have been studied in the context of classical prediction models, their manifestation in DGMs hasn't received the same attention. To this end we propose novel training-time attacks which result in corrupted DGMs that synthesize regular data under normal operations and designated target outputs for inputs sampled from a trigger distribution. These attacks are based on an adversarial loss function that combines the dual objectives of attack stealth and fidelity. We systematically analyze these attacks, and show their effectiveness for a variety of approaches like Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), as well as different data domains including images and audio. Our experiments show that - even for large-scale industry-grade DGMs (like StyleGAN) - our attacks can be mounted with only modest computational effort. We also motivate suitable defenses based on static/dynamic model and output inspections, demonstrate their usefulness, and prescribe a practical and comprehensive defense strategy that paves the way for safe usage of DGMs.
Semi-Supervised Learning Enabled by Multiscale Deep Neural Network Inversion (2018)

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) provide state-of-the-art solutions in several difficult machine perceptual tasks. However, their performance relies on the availability of a large set of labeled training data, which limits the breadth of their applicability. Hence, there is a need for new {\em semi-supervised learning} methods for DNNs that can leverage both (a small amount of) labeled and unlabeled training data. In this paper, we develop a general loss function enabling DNNs of any topology to be trained in a semi-supervised manner without extra hyper-parameters. As opposed to current semi-supervised techniques based on topology-specific or unstable approaches, ours is both robust and general. We demonstrate that our approach reaches state-of-the-art performance on the SVHN ($9.82\%$ test error, with $500$ labels and wide Resnet) and CIFAR10 (16.38% test error, with 8000 labels and sigmoid convolutional neural network) data sets.
Effect of 2 Years of Testosterone Replacement on Insulin Secretion, Insulin Action, Glucose Effectiveness, Hepatic Insulin Clearance, and Postprandial Glucose Turnover in Elderly Men (2007)

We conclude that 2 years of treatment with testosterone in elderly men does not improve carbohydrate tolerance or alter insulin secretion, insulin action, glucose effectiveness, hepatic insulin clearance, or the pattern of postprandial glucose metabolism. Thus, testosterone deficiency is unlikely the cause of the age-associated deterioration in glucose tolerance commonly observed in elderly men.
Feasibility of making sound power measurements in the NASA Langley V/STOL tunnel test section (1976)

Based on exploratory acoustic measurements in Langley's V/STOL wind tunnel, recommendations are made on the methodology for making sound power measurements of aircraft components in the closed tunnel test section. During airflow, tunnel self-noise and microphone flow-induced noise place restrictions on the amplitude and spectrum of the sound source to be measured. Models of aircraft components with high sound level sources, such as thrust engines and powered lift systems, seem likely candidates for acoustic testing.
Successive Halving Top-k Operator (2021)

We propose a differentiable successive halving method of relaxing the top-k operator, rendering gradient-based optimization possible. The need to perform softmax iteratively on the entire vector of scores is avoided using a tournament-style selection. As a result, a much better approximation of top-k and lower computational cost is achieved compared to the previous approach.
Single-molecule nanopore dielectrophoretic trapping of α-synuclein with lipid membranes (2023)

The lipid-α-Synuclein (α-Syn) interaction plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Here, we investigate the lipid-binding and -unbinding kinetics of α-Syn in an α-hemolysin (αHL) single nanopore. Under an applied voltage, an engineered α-Syn sequence can be trapped at the nanopore due to the dielectrophoretic force. The conformational switch events of α-Syn can be observed at the pore-membrane junction through the interpretation of blockade current amplitudes and dwell time. This allows further analysis of α-Syn conformational dynamics. We study how disease-associated metal ions (Cu2+, Zn2+) modulate the dynamics of α-Syn at the interface of the membranes and pore and how α-helical peptidomimetics stabilize the helical conformation of α-Syn in a lipidic environment. These studies aid our understanding of the complexity of the interaction of α-Syn, lipid membranes, and metal ions, and in using peptidomimetics, a new strategy against α-Syn toxicity and aggregation is advanced.
1033 THE PRESIDENT AND THE PRESIDENTIAL UROLOGIST: WOODROW WILSON AND HUGH HAMPTON YOUNG AT THE PRECIPICE OF POST-WWI EUROPE (2011)

You have accessJournal of UrologyHistory of Urology Forum1 Apr 20111033 THE PRESIDENT AND THE PRESIDENTIAL UROLOGIST: WOODROW WILSON AND HUGH HAMPTON YOUNG AT THE PRECIPICE OF POST-WWI EUROPE Ryan N. Fogg, Alexander Kutikov, Robert G. Uzzo, and Daniel Canter Ryan N. FoggRyan N. Fogg Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author , Alexander KutikovAlexander Kutikov Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author , Robert G. UzzoRobert G. Uzzo Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author , and Daniel CanterDaniel Canter Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2011.02.1069AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES President Woodrow Wilson was never able to gain ratification of the Treaty of Versailles, the peace accord to end World War I. Before he could convince the American people of the importance of ratification, Wilson suffered a stroke followed by life-threatening urinary sepsis due to urinary retention, treated by the father of modern urology, Hugh Hampton Young (HHY). The effects of these health problems are examined in the context of their implications on international affairs. METHODS Biographical sources and primary documentation of Wilson's physicians were reviewed to determine the effect of Wilson's stroke on his voiding habits. HHY's evaluation and decision-making is examined in depth. RESULTS In the fall of 1919, President Wilson was recovering from a stroke. Shortly after his stroke, he developed urinary retention and subsequent urinary sepsis. HHY advised on Wilson's case and counseled patience over suprapubic cystotomy given his experience with injured soldiers. The President eventually began voiding spontaneously and recovered from his septic episode. The illness left him severely weakened and unable to mount an aggressive campaign to persuade the U.S. Senate of the importance of ratifying the Treaty of Versailles. His personal physician, Admiral Cary T. Grayson, stated that the President was mentally never the same after the sepsis. CONCLUSIONS Wilson's voiding dysfunction contributed to his inability to win approval for the Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations. As a result, the United States returned to a policy of isolationism and Europe plunged into two decades of upheaval, leading to World War II. © 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 185Issue 4SApril 2011Page: e416 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2011 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ryan N. Fogg Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author Alexander Kutikov Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author Robert G. Uzzo Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author Daniel Canter Philadelphia, PA More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
NetFuse: Short-circuiting traffic surges in the cloud (2013)

Modern cloud and data center platforms suffer failures and performance degradation from large traffic surges caused by both external (e.g., DDoS attacks) or internal (e.g., workload changes, operator errors, routing misconfigurations) factors. If not mitigated, traffic overload could have significant financial and availability implications for cloud providers. In this paper, we propose NetFuse, a mechanism to protect against traffic overload in OpenFlow-based data center networks. NetFuse is (1) scalable because it uses passively-collected OpenFlow control messages to detect active network flows; (2) accurate because it uses multi-dimensional flow aggregation to determine the right criteria to combine network flows that lead to overloading behavior; and (3) effective in limiting the damage of surges while not affecting the normal traffic because it uses a toxin-antitoxinlike mechanism to adaptively shape the rate of the flow based on application feedback. Experimental results on a real OpenFlow testbed show that NetFuse is effective in identifying and isolating misbehaving traffic with a small false positive rate (<; 9%).
Short-term Treatment of Idiopathic Precocious Puberty with a Long-acting Analogue of Luteinizing Hormone-releasing Hormone (1982)

COMITE, FLORENCE; CUTLER, GORDON B. JR.; RIVIER, JEAN; VALE, WYLIE W.; LORIAUX, D. LYNN; CROWLEY, WILLIAM F. JR. Author Information
Challenges for pattern formation with sub-100nm residual-layer thickness by roll-to-roll nanoimprint lithography (2014)

Technologies for pattern fabrication on a flexible substrate are being developed for various flexible devices. A patterning technique for a smaller pattern of the order of sub-100 nm will be needed in the near future. Roll-to-roll Nano-Imprint Lithography (RtR-NIL) is a promising candidate for extremely low-cost fabrication of large-area devices in large volumes. A residual layer thickness (RLT) of a pattern transferred by RtR-NIL distributes at around several micrometers or more. We tried to thin the RLT below 100 nm and confirmed the controllability of the RLT and its deviation in the patterned sample.
Monitoring Service KPIs using TWAMP - Methodology (2016)

The TWAMP protocol provides a common architecture for two way
measurements in the IP network. However IP network performance are
also affected by a set of L4-L7 service deployed in the network.
Monitoring of these service performance in the IP network also plays a
vital role in network optimization and application layer traffic
optimization. This capability is not supported by the existing TWAMP
protocol. In this document, we extend TWAMP protocol to support
service performance monitoring and service KPIs calculation. Some of
the existing fields in the TWAMP protocol are extended to support new
modes for calculating these KPIs. A set of new messages are added in
the control protocol between TWAMP client (session sender) and the
TWAMP server (session reflector). Services here ranging from Layer 4
to Layer 7 services,such as Http based services, Traffic load
balancer, DPI, Video caching, real time streaming and IPSec. The KPIs
MAY be service latency, liveliness of an application, number of flows
and sessions per service, load balancer statistics. There is a
separate Draft[I.D-spv-ippm-monitor-implementation- services-kpi] that
talks about implementation of monitoring these KPIs in the network
using TWAMP. Monitoring of these KPIs in the service plane with in a
network play a vital role in optimum usage of network resources and
improving the overall performance and capacity.
Inverting family GH156 sialidases define an unusual catalytic motif for glycosidase action (2019)

Sialic acids are a family of related sugars that play essential roles in many biological events intimately linked to cellular recognition in both health and disease. Sialidases are therefore orchestrators of cellular biology and important therapeutic targets for viral infection. Here, we sought to define if uncharacterized sialidases would provide distinct paradigms in sialic acid biochemistry. We show that a recently discovered sialidase family, whose first member EnvSia156 was isolated from hot spring metagenomes, defines an unusual structural fold and active centre constellation, not previously described in sialidases. Consistent with an inverting mechanism, EnvSia156 reveals a His/Asp active center in which the His acts as a Brønsted acid and Asp as a Brønsted base in a single-displacement mechanism. A predominantly hydrophobic aglycone site facilitates accommodation of a variety of 2-linked sialosides; a versatility that offers the potential for glycan hydrolysis across a range of biological and technological platforms.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Approach to 2‐Substituted‐5‐methoxyindoles. Application to the Synthesis of Melatonin. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Aquaporin-7 Regulates the Response to Cellular Stress in Breast Cancer (2020)

Abstract The complex yet interrelated connections between cancer metabolism, gene expression, and oncogenic driver genes have the potential to identify novel biomarkers and drug targets with prognostic and therapeutic value. Here we effectively integrated metabolomics and gene expression data from breast cancer mouse models through a novel unbiased correlation-based network analysis. This approach identified 35 metabolite and 34 gene hubs with the most network correlations. These hubs have prognostic value and are likely integral to tumor metabolism and breast cancer. The gene hub Aquaporin-7 (Aqp7), a water and glycerol channel, was identified as a novel regulator of breast cancer. AQP7 was prognostic of overall survival in patients with breast cancer. In mouse breast cancer models, reduced expression of Aqp7 caused reduced primary tumor burden and lung metastasis. Metabolomics and complex lipid profiling of cells and tumors with reduced Aqp7 revealed significantly altered lipid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and urea/arginine metabolism compared with controls. These data identify AQP7 as a critical regulator of metabolic and signaling responses to environmental cellular stresses in breast cancer, highlighting AQP7 as a potential cancer-specific therapeutic vulnerability. Significance: Aquaporin-7 is identified as a critical regulator of nutrient availability and signaling that responds to cellular stresses, making it an attractive therapeutic target in breast cancer.
A Three-Phase Soft-Switched Isolated AC/DC Converter Without Auxiliary Circuit (2008)

This paper describes an ac/dc converter system consisting of a voltage-source converter (VSC) with purely capacitive snubbers and a two-phase by three-phase cycloconverter, connected via a medium-frequency (MF) transformer. By alternately commutating the two converters, it is possible to achieve beneficial switching conditions for all semiconductor devices. A commutation and modulation algorithm is described, which allows for pulsewidth-modulation control of the output voltage while maintaining soft switching. Low-load operation of the converter is a potential difficulty because the load current may be insufficient for recharging the snubber capacitors of the VSC. However, if the cycloconverter is used to momentarily short circuit the transformer, a quasi-resonant commutation mode of the VSC can be achieved, making a fast and soft commutation of the VSC down to zero load possible, without an auxiliary circuit. Furthermore, the design and operation of a 40-kVA prototype converter system are described. The experimental results from the prototype clearly show the practical feasibility of the studied concept.
Lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) transcriptional regulation by Oct-1 in human endothelial cells: implications for atherosclerosis (2005)

LOX-1, a receptor for ox-LDL (oxidized low-density lipoprotein), has recently been determined to play a critical role in the progression of atherosclerosis. LOX-1 expression (mRNA and protein) has been shown to be up-regulated by pro-atherogenic stimuli, such as ox-LDL and Ang II (angiotensin II). However, the molecular mechanisms of these up-regulations are unclear. In the present study, we explored LOX-1 transcriptional promoter activation in response to ox-LDL and Ang II. Under basal states, LOX-1 core promoter (LOX-1 -35/+36) was found to be sufficient for its basal activity in HCAECs (human coronary artery endothelial cells). More importantly, we found that ox-LDL (60 microg/ml for 24 h) induced LOX-1 promoter activity significantly and that a 105 bp fragment (between nt -1599 and -1494) was required for this activation. Within this 106 bp fragment, there is a potential binding motif for the transcription factor Oct-1 (octamer-1). By electrophoretic mobility-shift assay, we observed the activation of Oct-1 by ox-LDL. The critical role of Oct-1 in ox-LDL-induced LOX-1 promoter activation was further confirmed by mutagenesis assay. For comparison, we also examined LOX-1 promoter activation in response to Ang II (1 micromol/l for 24 h). Interestingly, another promoter region, between nt -2336 and -1990, was required for Ang II-induced LOX-1 promoter activation. In conclusion, the present study strongly suggests that ox-LDL, by activating Oct-1, induces LOX-1 promoter activation. Furthermore, this study suggests that while ox-LDL and Ang II both induce LOX-1 expression in HCAECs, the underlying mechanisms of promoter activation are different from each other.
Antiwear and Extreme Pressure Properties of Nanofluids for Industrial Applications (2014)

AbstractThis study investigates the effect of CuO, TiO2, Al2O3, and multiwalled nanotube (MWNT) nanoparticles at various treat rates on the tribological properties, namely, wear, coefficient of friction (COF), and pressure of seizure (poz), of metalworking fluids during lubricating processes in diverse industrial applications. Results are reported based on two methods: wear scar diameter (WSD) and COF by ASTM D5183 and poz by the Institute for Sustainable Technologies–National Research Institute (ITEePib) Polish method for testing lubricants under scuffing conditions. Results showed significant improvements with small filler concentrations of nanoparticles. CuO nanofluids showed a diminishment of 86% for WSD at 0.01 wt%, whereas TiO2 resulted in an increase in poz of up to ∼250% at 0.05 wt% compared to pure conventional fluid.KEY WORDS: Extreme Pressure AdditivesAntiwear AdditivesCutting FluidsDrawing FluidsNanofluids
Inhibition of DNA and RNA polymerase reactions by chloroquine. (1965)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Natural Language Communication with Robots (2016)

We propose a framework for devising empirically testable algorithms for bridging the communication gap between humans and robots. We instantiate our framework in the context of a problem setting in which humans give instructions to robots using unrestricted natural language commands, with instruction sequences being subservient to building complex goal configurations in a blocks world. We show how one can collect meaningful training data and we propose three neural architectures for interpreting contextually grounded natural language commands. The proposed architectures allow us to correctly understand/ground the blocks that the robot should move when instructed by a human who uses unrestricted language. The architectures have more difficulty in correctly understanding/grounding the spatial relations required to place blocks correctly, especially when the blocks are not easily identifiable.
Bloodstream infections during post-cardiotomy extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes (2018)

Infections acquired during veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are common. Identify the risk factors that may improve strategies for treatment and prevention.
Broadband fluorescence-encoded vibrational imaging (Conference Presentation) (2023)

Fluorescence-encoded time-domain coherent Raman spectroscopy (FLETCHERS) is a fluorescence-encoded vibrational spectroscopy technique that boasts both high sensitivity and specificity in the probing of molecular vibrations in the lower fingerprint region. However, to date, all presented data presented so far has been from flowing samples which does not sufficiently demonstrate the method’s applicability for monitoring biological and chemical processes. To amend this, we demonstrate here FLETCHERS imaging of low-concentration samples with an expanded spectral window achieved by utilizing spatial filtering and the confocal collection of fluorescence-encoded light.
Growth Signal Transduction by the Human Interleukin-2 Receptor Requires Cytoplasmic Tyrosines of the β Chain and Non-tyrosine Residues of the γc Chain (1995)

To evaluate the possible role for receptor-based tyrosine phosphorylation in growth signaling induced by interleukin-2 (IL-2), a series of substitution tyrosine mutants of the IL-2 receptor beta and gamma c chains was prepared and analyzed. Concurrent mutation of all six of the cytoplasmic tyrosines present in the beta chain markedly inhibited IL-2-induced growth signaling in both pro-B and T cell lines. Growth signaling in a pro-B cell line was substantially reconstituted when either of the two distal tyrosines (Tyr-392, Tyr-510) was selectively restored in the tyrosine-negative beta mutant, whereas reconstitution of the proximal tyrosines (Tyr-338, Tyr-355, Tyr-358, Tyr-361) did not restore this signaling function. Furthermore, at least one of the two cytoplasmic tyrosines that is required for beta chain function was found to serve as a phosphate acceptor site upon induction with IL-2. Studies employing a chimeric receptor system revealed that tyrosine residues of the beta chain likewise were important for growth signaling in T cells. In contrast, although the gamma c subunits is a target for tyrosine phosphorylation in vivo, concurrent substitution of all four cytoplasmic tyrosines of this chain produced no significant effect on growth signaling by chimeric IL-2 receptors. However, deletion of either the Box 1, Box 2, or intervening (V-Box) regions of gamma c abrogated receptor function. Therefore, tyrosine residues of beta but not of gamma c appear to play a pivotal role in regulating growth signal transduction through the IL-2 receptor, either by influencing cytoplasmic domain folding or by serving as sites for phosphorylation and subsequent association with signaling intermediates. These findings thus highlight a fundamental difference in the structural requirements for IL-2R beta and gamma c in receptor-mediated signal transduction.