gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anionic Ring-Opening Homo- and Copolymerization of Lactams by Latent, Protected N-Heterocyclic Carbenes for the Preparation of PA 12 and PA 6/12 (2013)

Laurolactam (LL) is polymerized in the bulk using strongly basic N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) as initiators at temperatures of 180–200 °C to prepare the corresponding polyamide (PA 12). In-situ rheology of the polymerization progress reveals that an anionic mechanism is active, which is supported by the strong dependence of initiator activity on the basicity of the NHCs. GPC data and kinetic investigations show the process to be moderately controlled and fast, allowing high or quantitative yields in short polymerization times. Fifteen different NHC–CO2–adducts and NHC–metal complexes were used as thermally labile but room temperature stable NHC-precursors. Depending on the ring size and N-substituent, some of these protected NHCs allow forming a mixture of monomer and NHC-precursor that is suitable for long-term storage and readily polymerizable by simple heating. All polymerizations are executed without activator or other additives and thus represent a true one-component system for the production of PA 12. Finally, LL is copolymerized with ε-caprolactam (ε-CLA). It is found that a copolymer with a considerable gradient is formed, with ε-CLA being incorporated preferentially at the onset of the polymerization.
Features of the Human Antibody Response against the Respiratory Syncytial Virus Surface Glycoprotein G (2020)

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections are a major cause of serious respiratory disease in infants. RSV occurs as two major subgroups A and B, which mainly differ regarding the surface glycoprotein G. The G protein is important for virus attachment and G-specific antibodies can protect against infection. We expressed the surface-exposed part of A2 strain-derived G (A2-G) in baculovirus-infected insect cells and synthesized overlapping peptides spanning complete A2-G. The investigation of the natural IgG response of adult subjects during a period of one year showed that IgG antibodies (i) recognize G significantly stronger than the fusion protein F0, (ii) target mainly non-conformational, sequential peptide epitopes from the exposed conserved region but also buried peptides, and (iii) exhibit a scattered but constant recognition profile during the observation period. The IgG subclass reactivity profile (IgG<sub>1</sub> > IgG<sub>2</sub> > IgG<sub>4</sub> = IgG<sub>3</sub>) was indicative of a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Two strongly RSV-neutralizing sera including the 1st WHO standard contained high IgG anti-G levels. G-specific IgG increased strongly in children after wheezing attacks suggesting RSV as trigger factor. Our study shows that RSV G and G-derived peptides are useful for serological diagnosis of RSV-triggered exacerbations of respiratory diseases and underlines the importance of G for development of RSV-neutralizing vaccines.
Structurally related nucleotides as selective agonists and antagonists at P2Y1 receptors (2020)

The P2Y1 receptor responds to adenine nucleotides and is present in platelets, heart, smooth muscles prostate, ovary, and brain. A selective antagonist may be useful as an antithrombotic agent. We have analyzed the binding site of this G protein-coupled receptor using ligand design, site-directed mutagenesis, and homology modeling based on rhodopsin. We have designed and synthesized a series of deoxyadenosine 3′,5′-bisphosphate derivatives that act as antagonists, or, in some cases with small structural changes, as agonists or partial agonists. The 2-position accommodates Cl or thioethers, whereas the N6-position is limited to Me or Et. 2′-Substitution with OH or OMe increases agonist efficacy over 2′-H. Using molecular modeling of the binding site, the oxygen atoms of the ribose moiety were predicted to be non-essential, i.e. no specific H-bonds with the receptor protein appear in the model. We have, therefore, substituted this moiety with carbocylics, smaller and larger rings, conformationally constrained rings, and acyclics, with retention of affinity for the receptor. With simplified pharmacophores we are exploring the steric and electronic requirements of the receptor binding site, and the structural basis of receptor activation.
Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Substituted Nitriles by Oxidative Cleavage of Aldehyde SAMP-Hydrazones with Magnesium Monoperoxyphthalate (1994)

A practical asymmetric synthesis of α-substituted nitriles of high enantiomeric purity (ee = > 90 - ≥ 96 %) based on the SAMP/RAMP-hydrazone method is described. Key step is the racemization free magnesium monoperphthalate (MMPP)-mediated aza Cope elimination of aldehyde SAMP-hydrazones to generate the CN triple bond. 4-Cyano-esters obtained by Michael addition can be converted into cis-4,5-disubstituted piperidin-2-ones (de, ee ≥ 92 %).
Net Coding Gain of 10.2 dB Using an Irregular LDPC Code with a Three Dimensional Analyser (2005)

We present a three-dimensional decoding scheme for an irregular Low Densitiy Parity Check Code (LDPC). With this setup, we achieved a Net Coding Gain of 10.2dB and a significant improvement in the iterating decoding process.
Human periodontal ligament stem cells on calcium phosphate scaffold delivering platelet lysate to enhance bone regeneration (2019)

Human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) are promising for tissue engineering applications but have received relatively little attention. Human platelet lysate (HPL) contains a cocktail of growth factors. To date, there has been no report on hPDLSC seeding on scaffolds loaded with HPL. The objectives of this study were to develop a calcium phosphate cement (CPC)-chitosan scaffold loaded with HPL and investigate their effects on hPDLSC viability, osteogenic differentiation and bone mineral synthesis for the first time. hPDLSCs were harvested from extracted human teeth. Scaffolds were formed by mixing CPC powder with a chitosan solution containing HPL. Four groups were tested: CPC-chitosan + 0% HPL (control); CPC-chitosan + 2.66% HPL; CPC-chitosan + 5.31% HPL; CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL. Scanning electron microscopy, live/dead staining, CCK-8, qRT-PCR, alkaline phosphatase and bone minerals assay were applied for hPDLSCs on scaffolds. hPDLSCs attached well on CPC-chitosan scaffold. Adding 10.63% HPL into CPC increased cell proliferation and viability (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ALP gene expression of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 7-fold that of 0% HPL at 14 days. Runx2, OSX and Coll1 of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2-3 folds those at 0% HPL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). ALP activity of CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 2-fold that at 0% HPL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Bone minerals synthesized by hPDLSCs for CPC-chitosan + 10.63% HPL was 3-fold that at 0% HPL (<i>p</i> < 0.05). This study showed that CPC-chitosan scaffold was a promising carrier for HPL delivery, and HPL in CPC exerted excellent promoting effects on hPDLSCs for bone tissue engineering for the first time. The novel hPDLSC-CPC-chitosan-HPL construct has great potential for orthopedic, dental and maxillofacial regenerative applications.
Chemokine Receptor CCR7 Does Not Play an Appreciable Role in the Trafficking of Central Memory CD4 T Cells to Lymph Nodes. (122.1) (2012)

Abstract CCR7(-/-) mice exhibit profound anomalies in the architecture of their secondary lymphoid organs, which complicates the study of CCR7-mediated T cell trafficking in these mice. To circumvent this confounding variable, we established in vivo models that force WT and CCR7(-/-) populations to compete for access to various tissues within mice possessing otherwise normal lymphoid organs. We found CCR7(-/-) naïve T cells to be profoundly reduced within lymph nodes with respect to their WT counterparts, a reduction unrelated to effects of CCR7 on thymic development. Strikingly, we found the entry of memory CD4 T cells into lymph nodes from the blood to be entirely autonomous of CCR7, calling into question the function of CCR7 molecules expressed on the surface of these cells. Contrary to previous studies, we found that CCR7 deficiency had no effect on the exit of CD4 T cells from inflamed skin. CCR7(-/-) CD4 T cells were inadequately imprinted for development into skin-selective E-lig(+) cells during primary cutaneous responses, most likely due to the inability of CCR7(-/-) naïve T cells to enter peripheral lymph nodes.
The Biaxial Strain Dependence of Magnetic Order in Spin Frustrated Mn3NiN Thin Films (2019)

Abstract Multicomponent magnetic phase diagrams are a key property of functional materials for a variety of uses, such as manipulation of magnetization for energy efficient memory, data storage, and cooling applications. Strong spin‐lattice coupling extends this functionality further by allowing electric‐field‐control of magnetization via strain coupling with a piezoelectric. Here this work explores the magnetic phase diagram of piezomagnetic Mn 3 NiN thin films, with a frustrated noncollinear antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure, as a function of the growth induced biaxial strain. Under compressive strain, the films support a canted AFM state with large coercivity of the transverse anomalous Hall resistivity, ρ xy , at low temperature, that transforms at a well‐defined Néel transition temperature ( T N ) into a soft ferrimagnetic‐like (FIM) state at high temperatures. In stark contrast, under tensile strain, the low temperature canted AFM phase transitions to a state where ρ xy is an order of magnitude smaller and therefore consistent with a low magnetization phase. Neutron scattering confirms that the high temperature FIM‐like phase of compressively strained films is magnetically ordered and the transition at T N is first‐order. The results open the field toward future exploration of electric‐field‐driven piezospintronic and thin film caloric cooling applications in both Mn 3 NiN itself and the broader Mn 3 A N family.
Use of a Supplemental Oxygen Protocol to Suppress Progression of Retinopathy of Prematurity (2017)

Progression from stage 2 to stage 3 ROP in premature infants was significantly decreased after implementation of an oxygen therapy protocol, without a corresponding increase in pulmonary morbidity. This study suggests that appropriate oxygen therapy may play a role in inhibiting progression of stage 2 ROP, potentially decreasing the risk of lifelong visual loss in this vulnerable population.
Constitutive expression and abnormal glycosylation of transferrin receptor in acute T-cell leukemia. (1989)

The expression of transferrin receptors (TrfRs) was investigated in acute T-cell leukemia (T-ALL) blasts at the molecular, biochemical, immunological, and functional level. TrfRs, although not detected on quiescent T-cells from normal adults, are constitutively expressed at high level on the blasts from all T-ALL patients and bind normally to transferrin. Their number is modulated by the intracellular iron level, but is independent of exogenous interleukin 2. They also exhibit immunological and biochemical abnormalities, in that: (a) they react preferentially with monoclonal antibodies (MAb) that recognize ligand-binding domains of TrfR (42/6 and 43/31), as compared to MAbs (B3/25, OKT9) that interact with the nonligand binding domains; (b) they have a reduced molecular weight, as compared to TrfR on normal thymocytes and activated T-lymphocytes: this phenomenon is apparently related to a defective glycosylation. It is noteworthy that expression of TrfR was not observed in a large series of other types of acute leukemias, i.e., pre-B, B, and myeloid leukemias, excluding erythroleukemias. The constitutive, high level expression of TrfRs on T-ALL blasts may play a key role in the stepwise progression of this malignancy and particularly provide a proliferative advantage to T-ALL blasts as compared to normal T-lymphocytes. Furthermore, indirect evidence suggests that the glycosylation defect of TrfR on T-ALL blasts contributes to their tumorigenic capacity.
Perceptual user interfaces (introduction) (2000)

article Free Access Share on Perceptual user interfaces (introduction) Authors: Matthew Turk Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA Microsoft Research, Redmond, WAView Profile , George Robertson Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA Microsoft Research, Redmond, WAView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 43Issue 3March 2000 pp 32–34https://doi.org/10.1145/330534.330535Published:01 March 2000Publication History 139citation2,961DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations139Total Downloads2,961Last 12 Months220Last 6 weeks55 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteView all FormatsPDF
Interactive 3-D Video Representation and Coding Technologies (2004)

Interactivity in the sense of being able to explore and navigate audio-visual scenes by freely choosing viewpoint and viewing direction, is an important key feature of new and emerging audio-visual media. This paper gives an overview of suitable technology for such applications, with a focus on international standards, which are beneficial for consumers, service providers, and manufacturers. We first give a general classification and overview of interactive scene representation formats as commonly used in computer graphics literature. Then, we describe popular standard formats for interactive three-dimensional (3-D) scene representation and creation of virtual environments, the virtual reality modeling language (VRML), and the MPEG-4 BInary Format for Scenes (BIFS) with some examples. Recent extensions to MPEG-4 BIFS, the Animation Framework eXtension (AFX), providing advanced computer graphics tools, are explained and illustrated. New technologies mainly targeted at reconstruction, modeling, and representation of dynamic real world scenes are further studied. The user shall be able to navigate photorealistic scenes within certain restrictions, which can be roughly defined as 3-D video. Omnidirectional video is an extension of the planar two-dimensional (2-D) image plane to a spherical or cylindrical image plane. Any 2-D view in any direction can be rendered from this overall recording to give the user the impression of looking around. In interactive stereo two views, one for each eye, are synthesized to provide the user with an adequate depth cue of the observed scene. Head motion parallax viewing can be supported in a certain operating range if sufficient depth or disparity data are delivered with the video data. In free viewpoint video, a dynamic scene is captured by a number of cameras. The input data are transformed into a special data representation that enables interactive navigation through the dynamic scene environment.
InChorus: Designing Consistent Multimodal Interactions for Data Visualization on Tablet Devices (2020)

While tablet devices are a promising platform for data visualization, supporting consistent interactions across different types of visualizations on tablets remains an open challenge. In this paper, we present multimodal interactions that function consistently across different visualizations, supporting common operations during visual data analysis. By considering standard interface elements (e.g., axes, marks) and grounding our design in a set of core concepts including operations, parameters, targets, and instruments, we systematically develop interactions applicable to different visualization types. To exemplify how the proposed interactions collectively facilitate data exploration, we employ them in a tablet-based system, InChorus that supports pen, touch, and speech input. Based on a study with 12 participants performing replication and fact-checking tasks with InChorus, we discuss how participants adapted to using multimodal input and highlight considerations for future multimodal visualization systems.
Alkinkomplexe von Rhenium in mittleren Oxidationsstufen; Synthesen und Molekülstruktur eines Rhenium(V)‐allyliden‐Komplexes (1987)

Unter Disproportionierung reagiert der Re IV ‐Komplex 1 mit 2‐Butin zu dem Allyliden‐Re v ‐Komplex 2 und dem Alkin‐Re III ‐Komplex 3 . Einer Röntgen‐strukturanalyse zufolge hat 2 nichts von einem Metallacyclobuten, der C 4 ‐Ligand ist eher carben‐/olefinartig gebunden. Aus 3 können mit AgSbF 6 in Gegenwart von Alkinen Bis(π‐alkin)‐Komplexe erhalten werden, die als Modellverbindungen für Zwischenstufen der oxidativen Alkinkupplung interessieren (•— = CH 3 ). magnified image
Nano Ceramics Center, National Institute for Materials Science (2007)

(2007). Nano Ceramics Center, National Institute for Materials Science. Science and Technology of Advanced Materials: Vol. 8, No. 7-8, pp. 571-577.
Embedding Lemmas for Functional Encryption (2018)

Functional encryption is an extension of the ordinary public key encryption where decryption results vary depending on the functions (or key attributes) associated to secret keys. In this paper, we show an embedding lemma for functional encryption, which provides a sufficient criterion for implication from one FE to FE with another function class. The lemma is an extension of the embedding lemma for attribute-based encryption that was introduced in the previous work by Boneh and Hamburg (Asiacrypt 2008). As an application of our lemma, we show that FE for cubic forms can be constructed from FE for inner product or FE for quadratic forms.
Oxygen detection system consisting of a millimeter wave Fabry-Pérot resonator and an integrated SiGe front-end (2016)

Oxygen shows significant absorption lines in the millimeter wave spectrum. Resonators are widely used to achieve a strong absorption even with a short absorption paths length for concentration measurements. A sensor system based on a Fabry-Pérot resonator for oxygen measurements at ambient pressure is presented here. The Fabry-Pérot resonator consists of two metal mirrors with a diameter of 50 mm. For purpose of oxygen detection the resonator covers a frequency range between 55 GHz and 65 GHz with a resonant peak density between 1 GHz and 1.5 GHz, depending on the mirror distance, and a quality factor of approximately 7000. To achieve a compact sensor system the concept envisages two integrated transceiver circuits directly coupling to coaxial ports in the metal mirrors of the resonator. The integrated SiGe front-end addresses a frequency band from 50 GHz to 75 GHz. They are realized as heterodyne structures with integrated directional couplers, thus it is possible to measure scattering parameters. For first oxygen concentration measurements, the resonator sample was coupled to a commercially available Vector Network Analyzer. The cavity was filled with oxygen concentrations of 0% vol. and 20% vol. at ambient pressure and temperature resulting in a significant change of the quality factor for frequencies close to the oxygen absorption line at 60.6 GHz. The sensor does not contain hot components. This is an advantage compared to other oxygen sensors, like electrochemical or metal-oxide sensors.
Physical And Optical Properties of Cd(Se, S) Microcrystallites in Glass (1987)

Since the demonstration of degenerate four-wave mixing in 'sharp-cut' filter glasses by Jain and Lind [1], considerable effort has been expended to understand the linear and nonlinear optical properties of glasses containing small amounts of Cd(Se,S) microcrystallites. This class of materials is promising for all-optical photonic switching devices: good optical quality samples are available, waveguide structures can be made using conventional ion-exchange techniques, the location of the absorption edge can be varied by composition changes across a wide range of wavelengths, and photo-recovery times on the order of ~ 10 ps have been reported [2,3]. Additional scientific interest in these materials comes from the observation of optical effects due to three-dimensional quantum confinement of photo-generated carriers [4] in specially treated samples.
Overproduction, crystallization and preliminary diffraction data of ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase fromThermus thermophilusHB8 (2003)

An ADP-ribose pyrophosphatase from Thermus thermophilus HB8 was overproduced in Escherichia coli and purified. Gel-filtration chromatography showed the protein to be in a dimeric state. This protein catalyses the Mg(2+)- or Zn(2+)-dependent hydrolysis of ADP-ribose to AMP and ribose-5'-phosphate. It was crystallized in the absence and the presence of ADP-ribose by the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. Complete data sets were collected to 1.50 A resolution from the apo form using synchrotron radiation and to 2.0 A resolution from the complexed form. Both crystals belong to space group P3(1)21 or P3(2)21 and contain one molecule in the asymmetric unit.
Glutathione: A Samsonian life-sustaining small molecule that protects against oxidative stress, ageing and damaging inflammation (2022)

Many local and systemic diseases especially diseases that are leading causes of death globally like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis with ischemic heart disease and stroke, cancer and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19), involve both, (1) oxidative stress with excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lower glutathione (GSH) levels, and (2) inflammation. The GSH tripeptide (γ- L-glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine), the most abundant water-soluble non-protein thiol in the cell (1-10 mM) is fundamental for life by (a) sustaining the adequate redox cell signaling needed to maintain physiologic levels of oxidative stress fundamental to control life processes, and (b) limiting excessive oxidative stress that causes cell and tissue damage. GSH activity is facilitated by activation of the Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1)-Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant response element (ARE) redox regulator pathway, releasing Nrf2 that regulates expression of genes controlling antioxidant, inflammatory and immune system responses. GSH exists in the thiol-reduced (>98% of total GSH) and disulfide-oxidized (GSSG) forms, and the concentrations of GSH and GSSG and their molar ratio are indicators of the functionality of the cell. GSH depletion may play a central role in inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 pathophysiology, host immune response and disease severity and mortality. Therapies enhancing GSH could become a cornerstone to reduce severity and fatal outcomes of inflammatory diseases and COVID-19 and increasing GSH levels may prevent and subdue these diseases. The life value of GSH makes for a paramount research field in biology and medicine and may be key against systemic inflammation and SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease. In this review, we emphasize on (1) GSH depletion as a fundamental risk factor for diseases like chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atherosclerosis (ischemic heart disease and stroke), (2) importance of oxidative stress and antioxidants in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 disease, (3) significance of GSH to counteract persistent damaging inflammation, inflammaging and early (premature) inflammaging associated with cell and tissue damage caused by excessive oxidative stress and lack of adequate antioxidant defenses in younger individuals, and (4) new therapies that include antioxidant defenses restoration.