gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Study of Retreating Side Blowing Concept for a Rotor in High Speed Flight (2017)

Retreating Side Blowing (RSB) is a concept to blow air through the blade to suppress dynamic stall on the retreating side of the rotor, and enhance a vehicle's flight envelope at high speed and high loading forward flight conditions. Passive RSB utilizes a rotating blade as a centrifugal pump to drive flow from the inlet at the root to the outboard region. Current numerical studies examined the effectiveness of RSB in conjunction with validation against wind-tunnel measured data at high advance ratio conditions. The impact of varying freestream velocity on the performance of a blown pitching airfoil was also examined using two-dimensional airfoil calculations. The variation and timing of the freestream velocity significantly decreased the stall suppression benefit of a blown airfoil versus a fixed freestream. The validation of three-dimensional rotor simulations showed good correlation with measured data in predictions of integrated performance, section loading, and duct flow properties. Both measured data and numerical simulation showed no significant performance benefit from RSB in the tested flight conditions. Detailed examination indicated the RSB was able to reduce retreating side separation, but pumping torque, geometric modification due to slots, and increased retreating side horizontal force overwhelmed the retreating side torque benefit. Additional numerical explorative studies showed that powered-blowing could achieve significant performance improvement from pure aerodynamic perspective. However, the additional blowing power cancelled out most of benefit. An inlet valve model for simulation of scheduled blowing was also studied, but meaningful benefit was not observed. The retreating side blowing was able to reduce aerodynamic sources of retreating side vibration torsional load. However, the peak blade torsional load emerged on the advancing side at high advance ratio conditions.
Supplementary Data S2 from Optimizing Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases with Functional Drug Response Assessment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Molecular aberrations comparing paired primary breast cancer and brain metastases: Group A case series.&lt;/p&gt;
Evaluation of population structure inferred by principal component analysis or the admixture model (2023)

Abstract Principal component analysis (PCA) is commonly used in genetics to infer and visualize population structure and admixture between populations. PCA is often interpreted in a way similar to inferred admixture proportions, where it is assumed that individuals belong to one of several possible populations or are admixed between these populations. We propose a new method to assess the statistical fit of PCA (interpreted as a model spanned by the top principal components) and to show that violations of the PCA assumptions affect the fit. Our method uses the chosen top principal components to predict the genotypes. By assessing the covariance (and the correlation) of the residuals (the differences between observed and predicted genotypes), we are able to detect violation of the model assumptions. Based on simulations and genome wide human data we show that our assessment of fit can be used to guide the interpretation of the data and to pinpoint individuals that are not well represented by the chosen principal components. Our method works equally on other similar models, such as the admixture model, where the mean of the data is represented by linear matrix decomposition.
Optical-loss suppressed InGaN laser diodes using undoped thick waveguide structure (2016)

We propose optical-loss suppressed thick-optical-waveguide (TOW) InGaN laser diodes (LDs) without operatingvoltage increase. A record high continuous-wave (CW) output of 7.2W for a single-emitting InGaN LD is achieved without thermal peak-out in the light-current curve. The TOW enables to confine major part of the propagating light into a transparent undoped region, and thus significantly reduces the optical-loss. An electron-overflow-suppression (EOS) layer placed between the waveguide layer and a p-cladding layer plays an important role to reduce the operating voltage after introduction of the undoped TOW layer. We executed a self-consisted calculation of voltage-current characteristics taking into account Schrödinger and Poisson equations in conjunction with a carrier continuity equation. The calculation result indicates possible presence of conductivity-modulation in the waveguide filled with electrons reflected backward by the EOS layer and holes injected from the p-type cladding layer. We successfully demonstrated the optical-loss suppressed operation resulting in the slope efficiency (<i>SE</i>) increase from 2.0W/A to 2.5W/A. It is noted that the operating voltage of the TOW LD is nearly identical to the conventional LD thanks to the above conductivitymodulation phenomenon. The presented result suggests that our TOW structure can overcome the optical-loss drawback of the InGaN LDs, and hence will lead them to the applications requiring high wattage light sources.
A Zero-Positive Learning Approach for Diagnosing Software Performance Regressions (2019)

The field of machine programming (MP), the automation of the development of software, is making notable research advances. This is, in part, due to the emergence of a wide range of novel techniques in machine learning. In this paper, we apply MP to the automation of software performance regression testing. A performance regression is a software performance degradation caused by a code change. We present AutoPerf–a novel approach to automate regression testing that utilizes three core techniques:(i) zero-positive learning,(ii) autoencoders, and (iii) hardware telemetry. We demonstrate AutoPerf’s generality and efficacy against 3 types of performance regressions across 10 real performance bugs in 7 benchmark and open-source programs. On average, AutoPerf exhibits 4% profiling overhead and accurately diagnoses more performance bugs than prior state-of-the-art approaches. Thus far, AutoPerf has produced no false negatives.
Promoting early diagnosis of hemodynamic instability during simulated hemorrhage with the use of a real-time decision-assist algorithm (2013)

In a simulated patient encounter involving uncontrolled hemorrhage, the use of a monitor that estimates central blood volume loss was associated with early identification of impending hemodynamic instability. Physiologic monitors capable of early identification and estimation of the physiologic capacity to compensate for blood loss during hemorrhage may enable optimal guidance for hypotensive resuscitation. They may also help identify casualties benefitting from forward administration of plasma, antifibrinolytics and procoagulants in a remote damage-control resuscitation model.
The Role of luxS in Histophilus somni Virulence and Biofilm Formation (2020)

<i>S</i>-Ribosylhomocysteinase (LuxS) is required for the synthesis of the autoinducer-2 (AI-2) quorum-sensing signaling molecule in many Gram-negative bacteria. The bovine (and ovine) opportunistic pathogen <i>Histophilus somni</i> contains <i>luxS</i> and forms a biofilm containing an exopolysaccharide (EPS) in the matrix. Since biofilm formation is regulated by quorum sensing in many bacteria, the roles of <i>luxS</i> in <i>H. somni</i> virulence and biofilm formation were investigated. Although culture supernatants from <i>H. somni</i> were ineffective at inducing bioluminescence in the <i>Vibrio harveyi</i> reporter strain BB170, <i>H. somni</i><i>luxS</i> complemented the biosynthesis of AI-2 in the <i>luxS</i>-deficient <i>Escherichia coli</i> strain DH5α. <i>H. somni</i> strain 2336 <i>luxS</i> was inactivated by transposon mutagenesis. RNA expression profiles revealed that many genes were significantly differentially expressed in the <i>luxS</i> mutant compared to that in the wild-type, whether the bacteria were grown planktonically or in a biofilm. Furthermore, the <i>luxS</i> mutant had a truncated and asialylated lipooligosaccharide (LOS) and was substantially more serum sensitive than the wild-type. Not surprisingly, the <i>luxS</i> mutant was attenuated in a mouse model for <i>H. somni</i> virulence, and some of the altered phenotypes were partially restored after the mutation was complemented with a functional <i>luxS</i> However, no major differences were observed between the wild-type and the <i>luxS</i> mutant in regard to outer membrane protein profiles, biofilm formation, EPS production, or intracellular survival. These results indicate that <i>luxS</i> plays a role in <i>H. somni</i> virulence in the context of LOS biosynthesis but not biofilm formation or other phenotypic properties examined.
Growth of Crystalline Zinc Oxide Thin Films by Fine-Channel-Mist Chemical Vapor Deposition (2008)

A simple, cost-effective, and safe growth technique, that is, mist chemical vapor deposition method, has been applied to the growth of single crystalline ZnO thin films on a-plane sapphire substrates. A water solution of zinc acetic acid and compressed air were used as sources, and the growth was performed at 800 °C. Under optimized conditions, the X-ray diffraction rocking curve's full-width at half maximum was 224 arcsec, rotational domains were hardly observed, and the photoluminescence spectra showed predominant near-band-edge emission without noticeable deep-level emissions. The potential of the technique for the growth of single-crystalline ZnO thin films was apparently shown, and efforts to improve source purity, which affects the optical and electrical properties of the films, as well as to further optimize the growth conditions will contribute to the fabrication of multifunctional ZnO-based thin films towards wide application fields without a heavy load to the environment.
Fine Pitch Bumping and Flip Chip Joining with Sn-Bi Based Solders by Injection Molded Solder Technology (2021)

In this study, we aimed to optimize process conditions of fine pitch bumping ranging from 20 to 100 micrometer size with eutectic Sn-Bi and Sn-58wt%Bi-2wt%In with less than 1wt% of Pd (referred to as Sn-Bi-In-Pd) solders by Injection Molded Solder (IMS) technology. Because IMS is a flux-less soldering process, firstly solder wetting behavior was characterized at various temperatures by measuring contact radius of molten solders on Cu without flux. Feasibility of bump fabrication by IMS was evaluated at various temperatures and time. Bump robustness characterized by bump shear testing correlated to degree of intermetallic compound (IMC) formation. In addition, microstructure of flip chip joints was investigated. Just after flip chip joining, both eutectic Sn-Bi and Sn-Bi-In-Pd joints showed Sn-Bi solder layer between the upper and lower IMC layers. Subsequential baking at 165°C for 2 hours produced the joint with higher re-melting temperature consisting of Cu/IMC/Bi layers with Sn-Bi-In-Pd solder, while Sn-Bi solder potion still remained for eutectic Sn-58Bi solder.
Desynchronization in networks of globaly coupled neurons: effects of inertia (2005)

Recently extensive work has been done towards understanding the synchronization of globally coupled phase oscillators, and in particular, possible methods for desynchronizing such systems with short sequences of pulses. This is of great importance for the treatment of neurological disorders like Parkinson's disease and essential tremor, and can also be used to design new psychophysiological and cognitive experimental techniques. As a progressive step towards a full microscopic model of phase resetting in the brain, and being able to apply the desynchronization medically and experimentally, we demonstrate how these ideas can be generalized and applied to a network of neurons with inertia. Significant sources of inertia and transient dynamics in real neurons arises from dendritic dynamics and synaptical coupling. In this article we analyze the mechanism of full desynchronization in networks of such neurons, and show what effect the presence of inertia has on different stimulation techniques.
An Immortalized Human Cell Line Bearing a PRKAR1A-Inactivating Mutation: Effects of Overexpression of the Wild-Type Allele and Other Protein Kinase A Subunits (2007)

This is the first immortalized cell line with a naturally occurring PRKAR1A-inactivating mutation that is associated in vivo with tumor formation. PKA isozyme balance is critical for the control of cAMP signaling and related cell cycle and proliferation changes. Finally, E2F1 may be a factor that mediates dysregulated PKA's effects on the cell cycle.
A green, novel and simple microprecipitation technique for separation and preconcentration of cadmium with 1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol in food samples and determination by microsampling flame atomic absorption spectrometry (2016)

A microprecipitation is developed by using Cd(<sc>ii</sc>)–1-(2-thiazolylazo)-2-naphthol (TAN) microprecipitate for the preconcentration of cadmium at trace levels.
ChemInform Abstract: Semimetal/Semiconductor Nanocomposites for Thermoelectrics (2011)

Abstract Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Radical‐Based Approach to O‐Alkylated Hydroxylamines and Oximes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Anti-CD30 diabody-drug conjugates with potent antitumor activity (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Anti-CD30 diabody-drug conjugates with potent antitumor activity
A three-dimensional human brain spheroid model for studying sonoporation-induced drug penetration beyond the blood-brain barrier (2022)

Ultrasound (US)-targeted microbubble (MB) cavitation (UTMC) facilitates delivery of cell-impermeant drugs across the blood brain barrier (BBB). The effects of UTMC on extravascular cells, and the extent of payload penetration, are unknown. Spheroids were generated using neurons and astrocytes derived from human iPSCs, primary human brain- microglia, endothelial cells (ECs) and pericytes, and placed in a water tank with lipid MBs. US (1 MHz frequency, 250 kPa peak negative pressure, 10 μs pulse duration, 10 ms pulse interval) was delivered for 10 s. Immunostaining showed ECs and pericytes at the spheroid periphery, with high expression of membranous ZO-1. BBB functionality was confirmed with histamine treatment, which increased permeability to Texas red dextran (TRD) (28.8% increase, p = 0.0015). TRD penetrated up to 100 μm beyond the BBB upon UTMC (12% increase compared to 0 kPa control). Inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase with L-NAME reduced UTMC-induced TRD penetration (19% decrease, p &amp;lt; 0.05). Sonoporation, as shown by uptake of propidium iodide, occurred in cells beyond the BBB. In our novel 3D spheroid model with intact BBB, UTMC caused nitric-oxide dependent BBB breach. This is the first report of UTMC causing “remote” sonoporation of cells not in direct contact with MBs and bears further study.
Evaluation of a Feline Bone Surrogate and In Vitro Mechanical Comparison of Small Interlocking Nail Systems in Mediolateral Bending (2020)

The similar bending properties of short fibre epoxy made FBS and native feline femurs suggest that this model could be used for mechanical testing of implants designed for feline long bone osteosynthesis. The I-Loc constructs smaller angular deformation which also suggests that these implants represent a valid alternative to size-matched Targon and LCP for feline fracture osteosynthesis. The significantly lower F<sub>M</sub> of explanted Targon may increase the risk of secondary fracture following implant removal.
A Quantification of Distance Bias Between Evaluation Metrics In Classification (2000)

This paper provides a characterization of bias for evaluation metrics in classification (e.g., Information Gain, Gini, 2 , etc.). Our characterization provides a uniform representation for all traditional evaluation metrics. Such representation leads naturally to a measure for the distance between the bias of two evaluation metrics. We give a practical value to our measure by observing if the distance between the bias of two evaluation metrics correlates with differences in predictive accuracy when we compare two versions of the same learning algorithm that differ in the evaluation metric only. Experiments on real-world domains show how the expectations on accuracy differences generated by the distance-bias measure correlate with actual differences when the learning algorithm is simple (e.g., search for the best single-feature or the best single-rule). The correlation, however, weakens with more complex algorithms (e.g., learning decision trees). Our results sh...
Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides tobax mRNA promote survival of rat sympathetic neurons in culture (1996)

Previous in vitro studies have shown that the presence of high levels of Bax protein accelerated the rate of cell death following growth factor deprivation and that the ratio of cell death repressor Bcl-2 to cell death effector Bax may determine the susceptibility to apoptosis. Both Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression has been detected in sympathetic neurons in vivo, and overexpression of bcl-2 in cultured sympathetic neurons prevented apoptosis after deprivation of nerve growth factor (NGF). In the present study, we investigated the expression of bax and bcl-2 in primary cultures of sympathetic neurons from rat superior cervical ganglia. Furthermore, we tested the effects of a partially phosphorothioated bax antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on the survival of sympathetic neurons in cultures supplied with suboptimal concentrations of NGF (0.5 ng/ml). A constitutive expression of bax mRNA at high levels was detected by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction which did not change significantly following NGF reduction or treatment with bax antisense ODN. A decrease in Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was observed by immunocytochemistry in tyrosine hydroxylase-positive neurons when cultured under suboptimal NGF concentrations, whereas Bcl-2 immunolabeled non-neuronal cells were not affected. Maximal number of neurons was obtained in control cultures containing 50 ng/ml of NGF. Few neurons survived in cultures grown in 0.5 ng/ml of NGF for 2 days (12.0 +/- 1.5% of controls, mean +/- SEM). Addition of two control ODNs at 1 microM had no effect on neuronal survival (10.1 +/- 1.2% and 11.0 +/- 1.3%, respectively), while the number of neurons was significantly increased in NGF-reduced cultures treated with a bax antisense ODNs (1 microM) (31.5 +/- 1.9%). Administration of fluorescein-labeled ODNs demonstrated intracellular uptake into cultured neurons. Treatment with bax antisense ODNs caused a significant reduction of Bax protein levels in SCG neurons by 46 +/- 2.6% as assessed by immuno-cytochemistry and digital image analysis. Taken together, our data demonstrate a constitutive expression of bax mRNA in sympathetic neurons suggesting that activation of bax expression may not be required for neuronal cell death after NGF withdrawal. After changing to suboptimal NGF concentrations, the cell-specific reduction in Bcl-2 immunoreactivity preceded morphological signs of degeneration indicating that growth factor starvation may down-regulate neuronal bcl-2 expression. Treatment with bax antisense ODNs indicated that suppression of Bax protein synthesis may promote neuronal survival in the threshold situation of insufficient trophic support.
Effect of Surfactant and Various Salts on Aqueous Solution Properties of Naphthalene-Labeled Poly(hydrochloride-quaternized 2-norbornene-5-methylamine) made by Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization (ROMP) (2002)

Naphthalene-labeled cationic poly(hydrochloride-quaternized 2-norbornene-5-methyleneamine), poly(HCQNBMA)/NA, has been prepared by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), using {RuCl2(CHC6H5)[P(C6H11)3]2} as a catalyst in methylene chloride, followed by hydrogenation, hydrolysis, and quaternization. The effect of salt addition on the aqueous solution properties of poly(HCQNBMA)/NA was examined in terms of reduced viscosity, surface tension and fluorescence studies. The reduced viscosity for poly(HCQNBMA)/NA is dependent on the type and concentration of salts added. The viscosity behavior of cationic poly(HCQNBMA)/NA is in contrast with polybetaines. An increase in KCl concentration causes the reduced viscosity of poly(HCQNBMA)/NA to decrease at constant poly(HCQNBMA)/NA concentration. The general shape of the surface tension versus logarithm of concentration curve for poly(HCQNBMA)/NA shows only a slow decrease with increasing polymer concentration upon addition of various salts. The surface tension increases in the series KF > KCl > KBr > KI in a given polymer concentration. When the naphthalene label was introduced into the poly(HCQNBMA), the behavior of the solution properties of the poly(HCQNBMA)/NA could be clearly defined in terms of fluorescence analysis. The quenching efficiency of NaI or CH3NO2 was reduced with increasing KCl concentration arising from compacted conformation of polymer chains. A model of the interaction between poly(HCQNBMA)/NA and surfactant or salt in aqueous solution is proposed.
Adaptations in horizontal head stabilization in response to altered vision and gaze during natural walking (2004)

The purpose of this study was to determine adaptations in head stability resulting from altered gaze control and vision during over-ground walking. Using over-ground walking permitted adaptations in walking velocity and cadence that are otherwise not possible during treadmill walking or walking-in-place. Gaze control and vision were manipulated by having 20 young adult subjects 1) walk naturally, 2) view a distant, earth-fixed target to enhance the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR), 3) view a head-fixed target to suppress the VOR, and 4) walk in darkness. Horizontal head and trunk angular velocities in space, walking velocity and cadence were measured. Root-mean-square head and trunk angular velocities were calculated and frequency analyses determined head-trunk movement patterns. Results demonstrated that when given the opportunity, subjects slowed down and decreased cadence in response to challenging tasks. Despite strongly reduced walking velocity and cadence, walking in darkness proved most challenging for head stabilization, indicating the importance of vision during this process. Viewing the earth-fixed target demonstrated the greatest head stability thereby, facilitating gaze stabilization. However, comparisons between the earth-fixed and head-fixed target conditions suggest a reciprocal relationship where gaze stability also facilitates head stability. This contribution of gaze stability to head stability is more important than vision alone as the head stabilization response was diminished during the VOR suppressed condition.
Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update (2018)

Purpose.— To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast ...
Optoelectronic multichip modules using MEMS fabrication techniques (2002)

The paper addresses design, fabrication, and packaging issues of optoelectronic multichip modules (OE-MCM), which combine guided wave optoelectronic interconnects, MCM packaging, and microelectro-mechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication techniques.