gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Downregulation of the GHRH/GH/IGF-1 axis in a mouse model of Börjeson-Forssman-Lehman Syndrome (2020)

Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is an intellectual disability and endocrine disorder caused by plant homeodomain finger 6 (<i>PHF6</i>) mutations. Individuals with BFLS present with short stature. We report a mouse model of BFLS, in which deletion of <i>Phf6</i> causes a proportional reduction in body size compared with control mice. Growth hormone (GH) levels were reduced in the absence of PHF6. <i>Phf6</i><b><i><sup>-</sup></i></b><i><sup>/Y</sup></i> animals displayed a reduction in the expression of the genes encoding GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) in the brain, GH in the pituitary gland and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) in the liver. <i>Phf6</i> deletion specifically in the nervous system caused a proportional growth defect, indicating a neuroendocrine contribution to the phenotype. Loss of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2), a negative regulator of growth hormone signaling partially rescued body size, supporting a reversible deficiency in GH signaling. These results demonstrate that PHF6 regulates the GHRH/GH/IGF1 axis.
Negative Sequence Control for Virtual Synchronous Machines Under Unbalanced Conditions (2022)

In this article, five strategies for controlling the negative sequence currents of a virtual synchronous machine (VSM) under unbalanced conditions are comparatively assessed, considering both grid-connected and islanded operations. While these strategies have been individually proposed in recent literature, their characteristics and performance have not been systematically evaluated. Thus, a VSM structure serving as a basis for comparing the different strategies is presented in detail, with modifications for preventing double frequency power oscillations from influencing the virtual swing equation and the inertial dynamics. The active and reactive power oscillations, and the power transfer capability within the converter current limitation, are theoretically derived as a function of the unbalances in the local voltage. Simulation results and experimental validation on a 50-kVA modular multilevel converter (MMC) prototype with 12 sub-modules per arm demonstrate the validity of the theoretical analysis. The presented results serve as the basis for evaluating the applicability of the studied control strategies under different operating conditions.
Discovery of Ervogastat (PF-06865571): A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis (2022)

Discovery efforts leading to the identification of ervogastat (PF-06865571), a systemically acting diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2) inhibitor that has advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis, are described herein. Ervogastat is a first-in-class DGAT2 inhibitor that addressed potential development risks of the prototype liver-targeted DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06427878. Key design elements that culminated in the discovery of ervogastat are (1) replacement of the metabolically labile motif with a 3,5-disubstituted pyridine system, which addressed potential safety risks arising from a cytochrome P450-mediated O-dearylation of PF-06427878 to a reactive quinone metabolite precursor, and (2) modifications of the amide group to a 3-THF group, guided by metabolite identification studies coupled with property-based drug design.
Eye-tracking-based visual field analysis (EFA): a reliable and precise perimetric methodology for the assessment of visual field defects (2021)

Outcomes indicate that the EFA is highly reliable and precise in diagnosing individual shape and location of scotoma and capable of recording changes of visual field defects (after intervention) with unprecedented precision. Test duration is comparable to established instruments and due to the high customisability of the EFA, assessment duration can be shortened by adapting the diagnostic procedure to the patients' individual visual field characteristics. Therefore, the saccade-compensating methodology enables researchers and healthcare professionals to rule out eye movements as a source of inaccuracies in pre-, post-, and follow-up assessments.
Inducible NO synthase expression is low in airway epithelium from young children with cystic fibrosis (2006)

These results support the findings of previous studies in adult patients with advanced disease, cell lines, and animal models. Our findings reflect the situation in children with mild lung disease. They indicate that low iNOS expression may be an innate defect in CF with potential consequences for local antimicrobial defence and epithelial cell function and provide evidence for an approach to treatment based on increasing epithelial NO production or the sensitivity of NO dependent cellular processes.
Regioselective CF Bond Activation of Hexafluoropropylene on Palladium(0): Formation of a Cationic η2‐Perfluoroallylpalladium Complex (2014)

Abstract A chemoselective C(sp 2 )F or C(sp 3 )F bond activation of hexafluoropropylene (HFP) was achieved by adopting the proper combination of a Lewis acid co‐additive with a ligand which coordinates Pd 0 . The treatment of [(η 2 ‐HFP)Pd(PCy 3 ) 2 ] with B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 allowed a chemoselective C(sp 3 )F bond cleavage of HFP to give a unique cationic perfluoroallypalladium complex. In this complex, the coordination mode of the perfluoroallyl ligand was considered to be of the unique η 2 ‐fashion.
(Invited) Direct Bonding Energy in Anhydrous Atmosphere (2013)

Direct bonding energy is an important parameter for direct bonding applications as well as for mechanism elaboration. Thanks to its simplicity as well as for its simple result interpretation, double cantilever beam (DCB) under prescribed displacement is the most used technique to measure the direct bonding energy. But, as shown also in this study, measurement of Si/SiO2 or SiO2/SiO2 direct bonding in standard humid atmosphere is greatly impacted by water stress corrosion. To prevent this effect, bonding energies have been evaluated under anhydrous atmosphere with less than 0.2ppm of water in nitrogen. After the setup and methodology description of the bonding energy measurement without stress corrosion influence, the global classical Si/SiO2 and SiO2/SiO2 direct wafer bonding energy curves versus post-bonding annealing temperature are revisited. Moreover, by using various surface treatments prior to bonding, the bonding energy behavior according to post-bonding annealing can drastically change as for example with plasma surface activation treatment. But in contrary, silicon-silicon hydrophobic bonding energy seems not impacted by the measurement atmosphere. Such results will also be presented and discussed.
Speaker and noise independent online single-channel speech enhancement (2015)

Desirable properties of real-world speech enhancement methods include online operation, single-channel operation, operation in the presence of a variety of noise types including non-stationary noise, and no requirement for isolated training examples of the specific speaker and noise type at hand. Methods in the literature typically possess only a subset of these properties. Source separation methods particularly rarely simultaneously possess the first and last properties. We extend universal speech model-based speech enhancement to adaptively learn a noise model in an online fashion. We learn a model from a general corpus of speech in place of speaker-dependent training examples before deployment. This setup provides all of these desirable properties, making it easy to deploy in real-world systems without the need to provide additional training examples, while explicitly modeling speech. Our experimental results show that our method achieves the same performance as in the case in which speaker-dependent training data is available.
Bright Room-Temperature Single Photon Emission from Defects in Gallium Nitride (2016)

Single photon emitters play a central role in many photonic quantum technologies. A promising class of single photon emitters consists of atomic color centers in wide-bandgap crystals, such as diamond silicon carbide and hexagonal boron nitride. However, it is currently not possible to grow these materials as sub-micron thick films on low-refractive index substrates, which is necessary for mature photonic integrated circuit technologies. Hence, there is great interest in identifying quantum emitters in technologically mature semiconductors that are compatible with suitable heteroepitaxies. Here, we demonstrate robust single photon emitters based on defects in gallium nitride (GaN), the most established and well understood semiconductor that can emit light over the entire visible spectrum. We show that the emitters have excellent photophysical properties including a brightness in excess of 500x10^3 counts/s. We further show that the emitters can be found in a variety of GaN wafers, thus offering reliable and scalable platform for further technological development. We propose a theoretical model to explain the origin of these emitters based on cubic inclusions in hexagonal gallium nitride. Our results constitute a feasible path to scalable, integrated on-chip quantum technologies based on GaN.
Using Polymatroid Structures to Provide Fairness in Multiuser Systems (2006)

For a wide class of multiuser systems, a subset of capacity region which includes the corner points and the sum-capacity facet has a special structure known as polymatroid. Any interior point of the sum-capacity facet can be achieved by time-sharing among corner points or by an alternative method known as rate-splitting. The main purpose of this paper is to find a point on the sum-capacity facet which satisfies a notion of fairness among active users. In one case, the corner point for which the minimum rate of the active users is maximized (max-min corner point) is computed for signaling. In another case, the polymatroid properties are exploited to locate a rate-vector on the sum-capacity facet which is optimally fair in the sense that the minimum rate among all users is maximized (max-min rate). It is shown that the problems of deriving the time-sharing coefficients or rate-splitting scheme can be solved by decomposing the problem to some lower-dimensional subproblems. In addition, a fast algorithm to compute the time-sharing coefficients to attain a general point on the sum-capacity facet is proposed
DHCP Options for 3GPP Service (2013)

This document defines a new option that can be used by DHCP clients in
their signaling sent to DHCP servers, when those clients need to
associate a request for an IP address or IPv6 prefix with a given 3GPP
packet service.It is intended for scenarios of interworking between a
non-3GPP access and a 3GPP network.
GnRH receptor activation competes at a low level with growth signaling in stably transfected human breast cell lines (2011)

Breast cancers exhibit a range of GnRH-R immunostaining, with higher levels of expression found in triple-negative and grade 3 cancers. However, functional cell surface receptors are rare in cultured cells. Intense GnRH-R signaling in transfected breast cancer cells did not markedly inhibit growth, in contrast to transfected HEK 293 cells indicating the importance of intracellular context. GnRH-R signaling could not counteract IGF-I receptor-tyrosine kinase addiction in MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that combinatorial strategies with growth factor inhibitors will be needed to enhance GnRH anti-proliferative effects in breast cancer.
The Lipid A from Vibrio fischeri Lipopolysaccharide (2011)

Vibrio fischeri, a bioluminescent marine bacterium, exists in an exclusive symbiotic relationship with the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes, whose light organ it colonizes. Previously, it has been shown that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or free lipid A of V. fischeri can trigger morphological changes in the juvenile squid's light organ that occur upon colonization. To investigate the structural features that might be responsible for this phenomenon, the lipid A from V. fischeri ES114 LPS was isolated and characterized by multistage mass spectrometry (MS(n)). A microheterogeneous mixture of mono- and diphosphorylated diglucosamine disaccharides was observed with variable states of acylation ranging from tetra- to octaacylated forms. All lipid A species, however, contained a set of conserved primary acyl chains consisting of an N-linked C14:0(3-OH) at the 2-position, an unusual N-linked C14:1(3-OH) at the 2'-position, and two O-linked C12:0(3-OH) fatty acids at the 3- and 3'-positions. The fatty acids found in secondary acylation were considerably more variable, with either a C12:0 or C16:1 at the 2-position, C14:0 or C14:0(3-OH) at the 2'-position, and C12:0 or no substituent at the 3'-position. Most surprising was the presence of an unusual set of modifications at the secondary acylation site of the 3-position consisting of phosphoglycerol (GroP), lysophosphatidic acid (GroP bearing C12:0, C16:0, or C16:1), or phosphatidic acid (GroP bearing either C16:0 + C12:0 or C16:0 + C16:1). Given their unusual nature, it is possible that these features of the V. fischeri lipid A may underlie the ability of E. scolopes to recognize its symbiotic partner.
Thermoluminescence and scintillation properties of rare earth oxyorthosilicate scintillators (2004)

In recent years, the scintillation properties of several cerium-doped rare earth oxyorthosilicate scintillators, Ln/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce where Ln=Y,La-Lu, have been reported and, in some cases, extensively studied . In addition, binary and ternary compounds such as (Lu,Y)/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce, (Lu,Gd)/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ and (Lu,Y,Gd)/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce have been reported . All of these crystals have either monoclinic P or C structures with characteristic SiO/sub 4/ tetrahedra and trivalent cations occupying two unique crystallographic positions , . The trivalent cerium activator ions are assumed to occupy the cation lattice sites and possibly interstitial positions as well. The excited 5d state of Ce/sup 3+/ is split into three observable levels with luminescence emission occurring only from the lowest 5d level to the 4f ground state (/spl sim/3 eV) with a Stokes shift of /spl sim/0.5 eV. The bandgap is about 6 eV, and the index of refraction is close to 1.8, with some variation according to crystallographic direction. Despite these similarities, in some cases, differences in scintillation efficiency, decay time, rise time, and phosphorescence time profiles have been observed. In this paper, we combine thermoluminescence measurements with the temperature characteristic of scintillation efficiency between 10 and 350 K to determine the trapping levels that may influence the scintillation and phosphorescence properties of crystals of various compositions.
A Platform for Holistic Embodied Models of Infant Cognition, and Its Use in a Model of Event Processing (2022)

Most computational models of infant cognition focus on selected components of the cognitive system. In this article, we present a model that is more holistic in aspiration: a computational model of a “whole baby,” incorporating a graphical simulation of the baby’s body, and a multicomponent brain model. The model is realistic and fast enough to interact in real time with human users playing a caregiver role. This allows us to directly compare the behavior of the simulated baby interacting with users with that of real babies interacting with parents via video chat using touchscreen devices. To illustrate the model, we present components of the cognitive model involved in processing events, and in representing events in working memory and long-term memory. We focus on the processing of motion events, where an object moves from one location to another. We model how the baby perceives such events, and also how the baby produces them, through motor actions. We also introduce our framework for recording and annotating interactions between real babies and their parents, and we describe a preliminary evaluation of our motion event model against manually identified motion events from these interactions.
Three-stage laser cooling of Sr atoms using the 5s5pP23 metastable state below Doppler temperatures (2021)

We report three-stage laser cooling of Sr atoms using the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}$ ground state and the $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$ metastable state. $^{87}\mathrm{Sr}$ atoms are precooled in a magneto-optical trap simultaneously operated on the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}$--$5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{1}P_{1}$ transition at 461 nm and on the $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$--$5s5d\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}D_{3}$ transition at 496 nm. Atoms optically pumped to the $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}(F=13/2)$ state are magneto-optically trapped and cooled down to 2.5(2) $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ on the $5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}P_{2}$--$5s4d\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}^{3}D_{3}$ transition at $2.9\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$. Using this transition, we investigate one dimensional polarization gradient cooling of $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$ atoms, which have simple energy levels without hyperfine structure, down to 0.22(18) $\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ or 17 times the recoil temperature. We discuss prospects for continuous generation of ultracold Sr atoms combined with a state transfer technique.
<title>Imaging cellular microtubules with the atomic-force microscope</title> (1992)

We have immobilized chemically-fixed cellular microtubules and microtubule protein polymers on glow-discharged glass discs for scanning by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The images obtained by AFM resembled those obtained by conventional transmission electron microscopy of the same material. The AFM images can resolve some of the surface features of microtubules to 10 nm. Improvements in the techniques promise resolution approaching molecular dimensions.
Battery characterization via eddy-current imaging with nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond (2021)

Sensitive and accurate diagnostic technologies with magnetic sensors are of great importance for identifying and localizing defects of rechargeable solid batteries in a noninvasive detection. We demonstrate a microwave-free AC magnetometry method with negatively charged NV centers in diamond based on a cross-relaxation feature between NV centers and individual substitutional nitrogen (P1) centers occurring at 51.2 mT. We apply the technique to non-destructive solid-state battery imaging. By detecting the eddy-current-induced magnetic field of the battery, we distinguish a defect on the external electrode and identify structural anomalies within the battery body. The achieved spatial resolution is $360\,μ\rm m$. The maximum magnetic field and phase shift generated by the battery at the modulation frequency of 5 kHz are estimated as 0.04 mT and 0.03 rad respectively.
CONTRACT MAINTENANCE IN URBAN AREAS (1984)

Since 1979 the city of Boulder, Colorado, has been involved in upgrading the city's street maintenance program. This work has involved improving staff maintenance procedures and identifying maintenance activities that, from a cost-effectiveness standpoint, can be contracted instead of completed inhouse. Based on a specific cost, skill, and equipment capability analysis, it was decided by the city that some maintenance activities would be done in-house, and a portion of other maintenance tasks would be done in-house and other portions for tasks such as snowplowing, permanent asphalt patching, and median mowing and maintenance would be contracted. There was also a decision to contract certain maintenance tasks, such as major street repair and street overlays, with no work on the task being done in-house. The program that was developed has resulted in a 35 percent reduction in permanent staff, from 27 to 19. Approximately 30 percent of the maintenance budget is now spent on contract maintenance. This maintenance process has enabled the city to improve its overall management of maintenance. In the past personnel, equipment, and material were usually used to do catchup, short-term repair work. Now maintenance is systematic, and more of the budget is spent on permanent repairs instead of on patching.
Radical cyclisation reactions leading to polyhydroxylated cyclopentane derivatives: synthesis of (1R,2R,3S,4R)- and (1S,2S,3R,4S)-4-hydroxyethylcyclopentane-1,2,3-triol (1992)

The tetraol (–)-1 has been prepared from a derivative of (D)-allose 3. The stereoselective carbocyclization reaction (8⇒11) formed the key step in this sequence. The enantiomeric cyclopentane derivative (+)-1 was also prepared from compound 3. In this synthesis the cyclization of compound 18 to provide the carbocycle 19 features as the critical carbon–carbon bond forming reaction.
Database-Agnostic Workload Management (2018)

We present a system to support generalized SQL workload analysis and management for multi-tenant and multi-database platforms. Workload analysis applications are becoming more sophisticated to support database administration, model user behavior, audit security, and route queries, but the methods rely on specialized feature engineering, and therefore must be carefully implemented and reimplemented for each SQL dialect, database system, and application. Meanwhile, the size and complexity of workloads are increasing as systems centralize in the cloud. We model workload analysis and management tasks as variations on query labeling, and propose a system design that can support general query labeling routines across multiple applications and database backends. The design relies on the use of learned vector embeddings for SQL queries as a replacement for application-specific syntactic features, reducing custom code and allowing the use of off-the-shelf machine learning algorithms for labeling. The key hypothesis, for which we provide evidence in this paper, is that these learned features can outperform conventional feature engineering on representative machine learning tasks. We present the design of a database-agnostic workload management and analytics service, describe potential applications, and show that separating workload representation from labeling tasks affords new capabilities and can outperform existing solutions for representative tasks, including workload sampling for index recommendation and user labeling for security audits.