gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface mediated assembly of small, metastable gold nanoclusters (2013)

The unique properties of metallic nanoclusters are attractive for numerous commercial and industrial applications but are generally less stable than nanocrystals. Thus, developing methodologies for stabilizing nanoclusters and retaining their enhanced functionality is of great interest. We report the assembly of PPh3-protected Au9 clusters from a heterogeneous mixture into films consisting of sub 3 nm nanocluster assemblies. The depositing nanoclusters are metastable in solution, but the resulting nanocluster assemblies are stabilized indefinitely in air or fresh solvent. The films exhibit distinct structure from Au nanoparticles observed by X-ray diffraction, and film dissolution data support the preservation of small nanoclusters. UV-Vis spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron microscopy are used to elucidate information regarding the nanocluster formation and assembly mechanism. Preferential deposition of nanocluster assemblies can be achieved on multiple substrates, including polymer, Cr, Si, SiO2, SiNx, and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Unlike other vapor phase coating processes, nanocluster assembly on the MIL-68(In) MOF crystal is capable of preferentially coating the external surface and stabilizing the crystal structure in hydrothermal conditions, which should enhance their storage, separation and delivery capabilities.
Synthesis, crystal structure and antimicrobial activities of a dinuclear silver(I) complex of bis(diphenylphosphano)methane and thiourea (2019)

Abstract A heteroleptic silver(I) complex of bis(diphenylphosphano)methane (DPPM) and thiourea (tu) with the formula [Ag 2 (DPPM) 2 (tu) 3 ](NO 3 ) 2 · 2H 2 O ( 1 ) was prepared and characterized by infrared (IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H, 13 C, and 31 P) spectroscopic methods, and X-ray crystallography. The crystal structure determination has shown that the complex ( 1 ) is dinuclear having each silver(I) ion coordinated by two phosphorus atoms of DPPM molecules and two sulfur atoms of tu ligands adopting a distorted tetrahedral environment. The two silver atoms are bridged by one of the three tu molecules. The other two tu ligands are coordinated in a terminal mode; one with each silver(I) ion. The dinuclear units are associated to each other through hydrogen bonding interactions to form a three-dimensional network in the solid state. Complex 1 showed significant activity against two Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ), and molds ( Aspergillus niger , Penicillium citrinum ), while the activities were poor towards yeasts ( Candida albicans , Saccharomyces cerevisiae ).
Factors Affecting the Efficiency of Krypton Hall Thrusters (2004)

The krypton-fueled Hall thruster offers the possibility of high-specific impulse and long lifetime. NASA's series of Hall thrusters have demonstrated krypton efficiencies only 5 - 15% less than xenon. Larger thrusters have smaller differences in efficiency. Plasma measurements have demonstrated that efficiency is reduced due to a decrease in mass utilization. Current efforts are considering the implications of these results, and how design changes can be made to increase the efficiency of krypton Hall thrusters.
Synthesis of 2,6‐di‐tert‐butylphenols linked to 1,3,4‐oxadiazoles and 1,3,4‐thiadiazoles (1994)

Abstract The preparation of a series of analogs of 2,6‐di‐ tert ‐butylphenol linked to a 1,3,4‐oxadiazole or 1,3,4‐thiadiazole via an ethylene or methyleneoxy spacer is discussed.
Biophysical modelling of the effect of Alzheimer's plaques on MRI (2019)

Poster: ECR 2019 / C-2511 / Biophysical modelling of the effect of Alzheimer's plaques on MRI by: Tuzzi, M. Baez, K. Scheffler, G. E. Hagberg ; Tubingen/DE
Identification and Potential Application of Human Corneal Endothelial Progenitor Cells (2014)

The corneal endothelium is believed to be developmentally originated from the periocular mesenchyme via the neural crest. Human corneal endothelial progenitor cells (HCEPs) have been investigated because of their potential availability for the tissue regenerative medicine. However, the existence and the properties of HCEPs have not been elucidated yet. We first established a novel serum-free culture system for HCEPs. The HCEPs highly expressed p75 neurotrophin receptor, SOX9, and FOXC2, and partially retained the properties of neural crest and periocular mesenchyme. Further, we demonstrated that HCEPs had a high proliferative potency, and the differentiated HCEP sheets had corneal endothelial function by using the Ussing chamber system and transplantation to the rabbit cornea. These findings suggest that the HCEPs can be selectively expanded from the corneal endothelium using a specific culture system and will provide cell sheets for corneal regenerative medicine.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Chk2 Phosphorylation of Survivin-ΔEx3 Contributes to a DNA Damage–Sensing Checkpoint in Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 39K, siRNA targeting of survivin-DeltaEx3. A. MCF-7 cells stably transfected with survivin were left untreated (None) or transfected with control (Ctrl) non-targeting or survivin-DeltaEx3-directed siRNA and analyzed by RT-PCR for expression of WT survivin (SVV) or survivin-DeltaEx3 transcripts (left). Right, densitometric quantification of mRNA bands for SVV or survivin-DeltaEx3 mRNAs in siRNA-transfected cells. RU, relative units. B. MCF-7 cells transfected with the indicated siRNAs as in A were analyzed for DNA content by propidium iodide (PI) staining and flow cytometry. The percentage of cells in the G2/M or &gt;G2/M fraction is indicated.&lt;/p&gt;
Nonresponsiveness to Mlsd in F1 hybrid mice carrying Mlsa and Mlsc genes. (1987)

Neither the biological function nor a basic understanding of the enigmatic chromosome 1-encoded Mls locus of the mouse has yet been uncovered despite extensive investigations. The present report is a continuation of our genetic analyses of the Mls locus in an attempt to better define the system. Data presented here indicate that in contrast to cells of mice expressing either the Mlsa or Mlsc allele which respond in mixed leukocyte reactions to cells expressing the Mlsd allelic products, cells from (Mlsa X Mlsc)F1-hybrid mice do not. In addition, the nonresponder phenotype appears to segregate as a single autosomal genetic system in backcross animals. These findings fail to support two recently advanced hypotheses: first, that the Mls locus is nonpolymorphic, or second, that the Mls locus controls differential expression of Ia antigenic determinants. Although the mechanism by which a (responder X responder) converts to a nonresponder remains unknown, three models involving gene complementation are discussed.
Composting Animal Carcasses Removed from Roads: An Analysis of Pathogen Destruction and Leachate Constituents in Deer Mortality Static Windrow Composting (2012)

More than 48,700 deer-vehicle collisions occurred in Virginia from 2010 through 2011, the fifth highest number in all U.S. states. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is responsible for the removal and disposal of animal carcasses along the state road system. The predominant methods currently used (landfill and burial) have several costly disadvantages, including long travel distances to landfills, increasing landfill restrictions, and lack of viable burial areas. Other states have found static compost windrows to be an easy and cost-effective carcass management technique. Deer mortality static compost windrows were monitored for 1 year under conditions typical of a VDOT area maintenance headquarters facility. Windrows were analyzed for pathogen destruction and the degree to which underlying soil filtered leachate contaminants. In response to high windrow temperatures, indicator pathogens E. coli, Salmonella were reduced by 99.99% the first sampling day (Day 7) and ascarids were deemed non-viable by Day 77. Soil filtration of leachate was effective in reducing concentrations of ammonia, chloride, and total organic carbon. Nitrate, a contaminant of particular regulatory concern, had an estimated mass contaminant loss of 1.9 lb/acre, compared to the 8 to 45 lb/acre estimated loss from fertilizer application on agronomic crops in Virginia. Results from this study indicate that with properly constructed static compost windrows, (1) high temperatures destroy indicator pathogens; (2) the natural filtration of leachate through soil reduces deer mortality contaminant concentrations; and (3) the low volume of leachate from windrows results in nominal losses of nitrate and other contaminants. The study recommends that VDOT consider sharing these results with the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality to discuss options for a statewide composting program. This could provide VDOT with an additional carcass management option.
Synthetic Small Molecule Characterization and Isomer Discrimination Using Gas-Phase Hydrogen–Deuterium Exchange IMS-MS (2019)

Ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS-MS) combined with gas-phase hydrogen-deuterium exchange has been used to characterize novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) which are small synthetic compounds designed to mimic the effects of other illicit substances. Here, NPSs containing labile heteroatom hydrogens were evaluated for HDX reactivity in the presence of either deuterated water (D<sub>2</sub>O) or ammonia (ND<sub>3</sub>) within the drift tube. An initial evaluation of exchange propensity was performed for six NPSs. Five compounds exchanged in the presence of ND<sub>3</sub> while only one NPS (benzyl piperazine) exchanged with D<sub>2</sub>O. The exchange mechanism of D<sub>2</sub>O requires stabilization with a nearby charged site; the diamine ring of benzyl piperazine provided this charge site at a fixed length. Three disubstituted benzene isomers ( o-, m-, and p-fluorophenyl piperazine) containing the diamine ring structure and a fluorine atom were subsequently analyzed. Having identical isotopic composition and nearly identical drift time distributions, these isomers could not be distinguished by IMS-MS alone. However, upon undergoing HDX in the drift tube, a t test of means (α = 0.05) showed that discrimination was possible if the exchange data from both reagent gases were included. Molecular dynamics simulations show that the proximity of the fluorine to the diamine ring hinders the dihedral angle rotation between the benzene and the diamine ring; this may partially account for the observed exchange differences.
Supporting food security in the Far North: Community greenhouse projects in Nunavik and Nunavut (2016)

Development of northern agriculture is seen as an innovative solution to the great challenges of food security in the villages of Nunavik and Nunavut. Establishing a community greenhouse can improve the health and well-being of Inuit communities by sustainably increasing the supply of fresh local produce and by improving food quality while not ignoring the cultural dimension of food security. This article describes community greenhouse projects in Kuujjuaq (Nunavik) and Iqaluit (Nunavut), and a current study on the feasibility of a community greenhouse project in Kangiqsujuaq (Nunavik). We first present our methodology which follows the principles of community-based participatory research. We then turn to the main avenues of our research: the contribution of a greenhouse project to food security and sovereignty and the technical and organizational challenges of optimizing a greenhouse in a northern setting. Through this interdisciplinary project, it is possible to work with the community to build a local and sustainable food supply system and learn how a horticultural project can improve the quality of life and health of its inhabitants.
Discovery and Characterization of a Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Aedes aegypti Inward Rectifier Potassium Channels (2014)

Vector-borne diseases such as dengue fever and malaria, which are transmitted by infected female mosquitoes, affect nearly half of the world's population. The emergence of insecticide-resistant mosquito populations is reducing the effectiveness of conventional insecticides and threatening current vector control strategies, which has created an urgent need to identify new molecular targets against which novel classes of insecticides can be developed. We previously demonstrated that small molecule inhibitors of mammalian Kir channels represent promising chemicals for new mosquitocide development. In this study, high-throughput screening of approximately 30,000 chemically diverse small-molecules was employed to discover potent and selective inhibitors of Aedes aegypti Kir1 (AeKir1) channels heterologously expressed in HEK293 cells. Of 283 confirmed screening 'hits', the small-molecule inhibitor VU625 was selected for lead optimization and in vivo studies based on its potency and selectivity toward AeKir1, and tractability for medicinal chemistry. In patch clamp electrophysiology experiments of HEK293 cells, VU625 inhibits AeKir1 with an IC50 value of 96.8 nM, making VU625 the most potent inhibitor of AeKir1 described to date. Furthermore, electrophysiology experiments in Xenopus oocytes revealed that VU625 is a weak inhibitor of AeKir2B. Surprisingly, injection of VU625 failed to elicit significant effects on mosquito behavior, urine excretion, or survival. However, when co-injected with probenecid, VU625 inhibited the excretory capacity of mosquitoes and was toxic, suggesting that the compound is a substrate of organic anion and/or ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. The dose-toxicity relationship of VU625 (when co-injected with probenecid) is biphasic, which is consistent with the molecule inhibiting both AeKir1 and AeKir2B with different potencies. This study demonstrates proof-of-concept that potent and highly selective inhibitors of mosquito Kir channels can be developed using conventional drug discovery approaches. Furthermore, it reinforces the notion that the physical and chemical properties that determine a compound's bioavailability in vivo will be critical in determining the efficacy of Kir channel inhibitors as insecticides.
Adaptively Secure Fully Homomorphic Signatures Based on Lattices. (2014)

In a homomorphic signature scheme, given the public key and a vector of signaturesσ: = (σ1,..., σl) over l messages µ: = (µ1,..., µl), there exists an efficient algorithm to produce a signature σ ′ for µ = f(µ). Given the tuple (σ′, µ, f), anyone can then publicly verify the validity of the signature σ′. Inspired by the recent (selectively secure) key-homomorphic functional encryption for circuits, re-cent works propose fully homomorphic signature schemes in the selective security model. However, in order to gain adaptive security, one must rely on generic complexity leveraging, which is not only very inefficient but also leads to reductions that are “unfalsifiable”. In this paper, we construct the first adaptively secure homomorphic signature scheme that can eval-uate any circuit over signed data. For poly-logarithmic depth circuits, our scheme achieves adaptive security under the standard Small Integer Solution (SIS) assumption. For polynomial depth circuits, the security of our scheme relies on sub-exponential SIS — but unlike complexity leveraging, the security loss in our reduction depends only on circuit depth and on neither message length nor dataset size. 1
Single Event Upset Measurements of Gaas E-JFET RAMS (1983)

This paper reports the first single event upset measurements on a GaAs RAM. These measurements on fully operational 256-bit GaAs static RAMs were performed with 40-MeV protons at the NRL Cyclotron. The average upset cross section was 8 × 10-12 cm2/proton-bit. The single event upset cross section for these GaAs memories is comparable to the single event upset cross section measured in 40-MeV proton beams for representative Si memories. An estimate of the expected single event upset rate due to protons in 600 orbits for these GaAs memories is compared to representative Si memories.
Regulation of CD4+NKG2D+ Th1 Cells in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma Treated with Sorafenib: Role of IL-15Rα and NKG2D Triggering (2013)

Beyond cancer-cell intrinsic factors, the immune status of the host has a prognostic impact on patients with cancer and influences the effects of conventional chemotherapies. Metastatic melanoma is intrinsically immunogenic, thereby facilitating the search for immune biomarkers of clinical responses to cytotoxic agents. Here, we show that a multi-tyrosine kinase inhibitor, sorafenib, upregulates interleukin (IL)-15Rα in vitro and in vivo in patients with melanoma, and in conjunction with natural killer (NK) group 2D (NKG2D) ligands, contributes to the Th1 polarization and accumulation of peripheral CD4(+)NKG2D(+) T cells. Hence, the increase of blood CD4(+)NKG2D(+) T cells after two cycles of sorafenib (combined with temozolomide) was associated with prolonged survival in a prospective phase I/II trial enrolling 63 patients with metastatic melanoma who did not receive vemurafenib nor immune checkpoint-blocking antibodies. In contrast, in metastatic melanoma patients treated with classical treatment modalities, this CD4(+)NKG2D(+) subset failed to correlate with prognosis. These findings indicate that sorafenib may be used as an "adjuvant" molecule capable of inducing or restoring IL-15Rα/IL-15 in tumors expressing MHC class I-related chain A/B (MICA/B) and on circulating monocytes of responding patients, hereby contributing to the bioactivity of NKG2D(+) Th1 cells.
Discrete Arsonate-Grafted Inverted-Keggin 12-Molybdate Ion [Mo12O32(OH)2(4-N3C2H2-C6H4AsO3)4]2– and Formation of a Copper(II)-Mediated Metal–Organic Framework (2022)

The discrete inverted-Keggin ion [Mo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>32</sub>(OH)<sub>2</sub>(4-N<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>2-</sup> (<b>1</b>) has been prepared in an aqueous acidic (pH 0.8) medium by the reaction of MoO<sub>3</sub> with the (4-triazolylphenyl)arsonic acid 4-N<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>H<sub>2</sub> under hydrothermal conditions and was isolated as a sodium salt in 21% yield. The exact same reaction in the presence of Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions resulted in the neutral metal-organic framework (MOF) Cu<sub>2</sub>[Mo<sub>12</sub>O<sub>34</sub>(4-N<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>-C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>AsO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>4</sub>] (<b>Cu-1</b>) in 68% yield. The inverted-Keggin ion <b>1</b> comprises a metal-oxo core, which is capped by four organoarsonate groups, and in <b>Cu-1</b>, individual polyanions are linked in the solid state by coordination of the Cu<sup>2+</sup> ions with the triazolyl groups. The discrete ion <b>1</b> was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy, as well as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and the POM-MOF <b>Cu-1</b> was characterized by single-crystal and powder XRD, FT-IR, TGA, and gas sorption. <b>Cu-1</b> has channels with a diameter of around ∼0.9 nm and exhibits a water-vapor adsorption capacity of 89.7 cm<sup>3</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> (<i>p</i>/<i>p</i><sub>0</sub> = 0.95).
Flow-cytometric DNA content of histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis). (1988)

Retrospective DNA-content analysis was performed by flow cytometry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from 36 patients with histiocytosis X (Langerhans cell histiocytosis). Included were 17 patients with solitary bone lesions, 4 patients with multiple bone lesions, 2 patients with solitary extraosseous lesions, 1 patient with congenital self-healing histiocytosis, and 12 patients with disseminated disease. The diagnosis was in each case verified by review of the clinical history and histopathologic material. None of the cases displayed significant cytologic atypia. DNA content analysis failed to reveal additional G0-G1 peaks or "shoulders" suggestive of aneuploid subpopulations in any case. Full-peak coefficients of variation ranged from 3.8 to 8.0. Our data suggest that despite a prior report of a single aneuploid case of histiocytosis X, DNA content analysis may not be useful in predicting clinical stage and outcome in this disease.
Association of circulating markers with cognitive decline after radiation therapy for brain metastasis (2022)

Patients with these pretreatment serum markers should be counseled about radiation-related neurocognitive decline.
Efficient integrated tri-modal coupler for few-mode fibers (2022)

Agradecimentos: Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (88881.311020/2018); Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (2015/24517-8, 2016/19270-6, 2018/25339-4); Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (302036/2018-0, 311035/2018-3, 432303/2018-9). We thank ANT for the fabrication of the samples in a dedicated run. We also thank Paulo F. Jarschel for fruitful discussions and technical assistance
Serotyping of primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolates from diverse geographic locations by flow cytometry (1995)

The immunologic relatedness of the various human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clades was determined with 13 human anti-HIV-1 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to six immunogenic regions of the HIV-1 structural proteins. The immunoreactivity of the native, oligomeric viral envelope glycoproteins expressed on the surfaces of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected in vitro with primary isolates from clades A through E was determined by flow cytometry. Some epitopes in the immunodominant region of gp41 and the C terminus of gp120 appear to be HIV-1 group specific in that they are expressed on the surfaces of cells in cultures infected with the majority of viruses tested from clades A to E. Epitopes within the V3 region appear to be clade restricted. Surprisingly, one MAb to an epitope in the C terminus of gp120 was entirely clade B specific. Staining with anti-V2 and anti-CD4 binding domain (CD4bd) reagents was infrequently detected. Anti-CD4bd MAbs stained only CD4-negative T cells because the CD4bd of gp120 appeared to be complexed with membrane CD4. When present, the epitopes of V2 and the CD4bd appeared to be expressed on cells infected with various clades. Thus, the results suggest that MAbs to gp41, the C terminus, and the V3 loop of gp120 are most useful in serotyping primary isolates of HIV-1, providing group-specific, clade-restricted, and clade-specific reagents. The use of the immunofluorescent method with the reagents described herein distinguishes infection with clade B from that with all other HIV-1 clades. With additional MAbs, this technique will allow a broadly applicable, reproducible, and practical method for serotyping HIV-1.