gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Test of a Submillimeter-Wave Backward Wave Oscillator (2006)

Calabazas Creek Research, Inc. is funded to develop submillimeter wave backward wave oscillators for molecular spectroscopy. A 600-700 GHz device was designed, built and tested in November 2004; however, the BWO failed to perform properly. Subsequent analysis revealed several problems that were corrected in a rebuilt device. This device will be tested in July, and the results will be presented.
Real-time identification of the best performances of a sailboat (2011)

In this paper we present a new method for real time estimation of the sail boat polar diagrams. The idea of the algorithm is principally based on the standard procedure used to select the best route that guarantees the major boat speed during a sail competition. The method is focused on a continuous comparison of the navigation data with the optimal polar diagram computed until then. The optimal surface is real time updated if the best performances reached are overcome. The outcome is the Real Time Polar Diagram, that describe the real performance of a sailboat with more accuracy with respect to the maps provided by VPPs. The feasibility of the method is tested on simulations and experimental data collected with an America's Cup Class and amateur sailboat.
Bitter Taste Sensitivity in Humans and Chimpanzees (2013)

Abstract Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) serve an important function during evolution. They are designed to detect toxic plant metabolites before ingestion. With respect to bitter taste receptors the genetic repertoire of animal species is highly diverse reflecting the species differences in their metabolic requirements, the variety of habitats and evolutionary history. Over the recent years, an incredible amount of data on human bitter taste receptor pharmacology, biochemistry and structural features has accumulated. It became apparent that TAS2R gene expression is not restricted to the oral cavity, but includes several nongustatory tissues, thus expanding the presumed roles of TAS2Rs. By comparing the bitter taste receptor genes of humans with our closest relative, the chimpanzee, we learn about some of the evolutionary forces that shaped the development of modern human beings. This article discusses the current knowledge on bitter taste physiology, TAS2R function and evolutionary conservation of human and chimpanzee TAS2R genes. Key Concepts: Taste physiology and hedonics of bitter taste appear similar in humans and chimpanzees. Human bitter taste receptors can be grouped into generalists and specialists depending on their tuning breadth. Similar to the human situation, bitter tasting abilities of the chimpanzee are in some instances individual. Dynamic evolution of human and chimpanzee TAS2R genes is earmarked by regional diversification. The rate of TAS2R gene pseudogenisation indicates relaxed evolutionary constraints in the primate lineage.
Acrylic Resin Molding Based Head Fixation Technique in Rodents (2016)

Head fixation is a technique of immobilizing animal's head by attaching a head-post on the skull for rigid clamping. Traditional head fixation requires surgical attachment of metallic frames on the skull. The attached frames are then clamped to a stationary platform resulting in immobilization of the head. However, metallic frames for head fixation have been technically difficult to design and implement in general laboratory environment. In this study, we provide a novel head fixation method. Using a custom-made head fixation bar, head mounter is constructed during implantation surgery. After the application of acrylic resin for affixing implants such as electrodes and cannula on the skull, additional resins applied on top of that to build a mold matching to the port of the fixation bar. The molded head mounter serves as a guide rails, investigators conveniently fixate the animal’s head by inserting the head mounter into the port of the fixation bar. This method could be easily applicable if implantation surgery using dental acrylics is necessary and might be useful for laboratories that cannot easily fabricate CNC machined metal head-posts.
Identification of the Luciferin–Luciferase System and Quantification of Coelenterazine by Mass Spectrometry in the Deep‐Sea Luminous Ostracod Conchoecia pseudodiscophora (2004)

The bioluminescence system of the ostracod Conchoecia pseudodiscophora, which is abundant in the Sea of Japan, has been characterized. The luminescence (lambda(max)=463 nm) is produced by a luciferin-luciferase reaction, and the luciferin has been identified as coelenterazine. Coelenterazine, coelenteramide, and coelenteramine from C. pseudodiscophora were quantified by LC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. The coelenterazine content was estimated to be approximately 230 pg per animal by using a calibration curve of synthetic coelenterazine. The reaction between homogenates of C. pseudodiscophora and synthetic coelenterazine showed luminescence activity; this suggests that a coelenterazine-type luciferase is present.
Propylene Polymerization with Unbridged Metallocenes:  Ligand Effects on the Selectivity for Elastomeric Polypropylene (1997)

Bis(2-arylindenyl)zirconium dichlorides activated by methylaluminoxane produce elastomeric polypropylene with a stereoblock microstructure. In an effort to experimentally explore the importance of the 2-arylindene ligand in producing these materials, a series of catalysts was investigated that differed significantly from the parent ligand architecture. In particular, we sought to examine the influence of ligand aryl stacking on the polymerization behavior of these metallocenes. We discovered that the bis(2-arylindenyl) framework is important for the production of elastomeric polypropylene by this type of unbridged complex. Small changes in the fundamental catalyst structure upset the delicate balance between ligand rotation and monomer insertion resulting in the production of amorphous polymers.
Conserved cytoplasmic motifs that distinguish sub-groups of the polyprenol phosphate:N-acetylhexosamine-1-phosphate transferase family (2000)

WecA, MraY and WbcO are conserved members of the polyprenol phosphate:N-acetylhexosamine-1-phosphate transferase family involved in the assembly of bacterial cell walls, and catalyze reactions involving a membrane-associated polyprenol phosphate acceptor substrate and a cytoplasmically located UDP-D-amino sugar donor. MraY, WbcO and WecA purportedly utilize different UDP-sugars, although the molecular basis of this specificity is largely unknown. However, domain variations involved in specificity are predicted to occur on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane, adjacent to conserved domains involved in the mechanistic activity, and with access to the cytoplasmically located sugar nucleotides. Conserved C-terminal domains have been identified that satisfy these criteria. Topological analyses indicate that they form the highly basic, fifth cytoplasmic loop between transmembrane regions IX and X. Four diverse loops are apparent, for MraY, WecA, WbcO and RgpG, that uniquely characterize these sub-groups of the transferase family, and a correlation is evident with the known or implied UDP-sugar specificity.
Infrared surface plasmon resonance hosts for sensors (2010)

A Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) biosensor that operates deep into the infrared (3-11 &mu;m wavelengths) is potentially capable of biomolecule recognition based on both selective binding and characteristic vibrational modes. The goal is to operate such sensors at wavelengths where biological analytes are strongly differentiated by their IR absorption spectra and where the refractive index is increased by dispersion. This will provide enhanced selectivity and sensitivity, when biological analytes bind reversibly to biomolecular recognition elements attached to the sensor surface. This paper investigates potentially useful IR surface plasmon resonances hosts on lamellar gratings formed from various materials with plasma frequencies in the IR wavelength range. These materials include doped semiconductors, CuSnS, graphite and semimetal Bi and Sb. Theoretical results were compared with the experimental results. Penetration depth measurement from the experimental complex permeabilities values shows the tighter mode confinement than for usual Au giving better overlap with biological analytes.
Short Notices (1965)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access J. W. GRAY J. W. GRAY The Queen's UniversityBelfast Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXX, Issue CCCXVII, October 1965, Pages 819–820, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXX.CCCXVII.819 Published: 01 October 1965
Transformation of human kidney proximal tubule cells by ras-containing retroviruses. Implications for tumor progression. (1989)

Normal human kidney proximal tubule cells into which a ras oncogene was inserted undergo a series of transformation-related alterations that are characteristic of renal carcinomas. These include changes in morphology, growth potential, anchorage dependence, antigen expression, growth factor production, and chromosomal stability. Further, there are spontaneous progressive alterations in vitro in the karyotype and antigenic profile of the transformed cells. Cytogenetic analyses suggest that alterations of chromosome 21 may play an early and pivotal role in the development of transformed proximal tubule cells.
One-dimensional nanostructured materials for solar energy harvesting (2011)

As the energy demand is rapidly increasing worldwide compared with the supply, there is an urgent need to develop alternative energy-harvesting technologies to sustain the economic growth. Among them, solar energy is one of the most promising sources as it is clean, abundant and renewable. Due to the unique optical and electrical properties, one-dimensional (1D) nanostructured semiconductors are attractive materials for the construction of active energy-harvesting devices. In this review article, applications of 1D nanostructured materials – including photovoltaics, photoelectrochemical cells and solar hydrogen production – in solar energy harvesting are summarized. With the efficiency enhancement and cost reduction, 1D nanostructured solar energy harvesting devices are found to be promising to tackle the future energy issue.
Novel Nonsymmetrical 1,4-Dihydropyridines as Inhibitors of Nonsymmetrical MRP-Efflux Pumps for Anticancer Therapy (2020)

Cancer is a strong global burden with increasing numbers of diseases and ongoing anticancer drug resistance. The number of structurally novel anticancer drugs is strongly limited. They cause high costs for the social health systems. Most critical so-called multidrug resistances (MDR) are caused by transmembrane efflux pumps that transport drugs with various structures out of the cancer cells. Multidrug resistance proteins (MRPs) type 1 and 2 are found overexpressed in various kinds of cancer. There is a strong need for inhibitors of those efflux pumps. We developed novel nonsymmetrical 1,4-dihydropyridines as novel inhibitors of cancer relevant MRP types 1 and 2. The structure-dependent activities of the differently substituted derivatives were evaluated in cellular assays of respective cancer cells and are discussed. Promising candidates were identified. One candidate was demonstrated to resensitize a cisplatin resistant cancer cell line and thus to overcome the anticancer drug resistance.
Cyclic AMP treatment of Rous sarcoma virus-transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells increases phosphorylation of pp60src and increases pp60src kinase activity. (1983)

Treatment of growing Rous sarcoma virus-transformed Chinese hamster ovary cells with the cyclic AMP analog 8-bromo-cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (8-bromo-cyclic AMP) stimulates the incorporation of 32Pi into the viral transforming protein pp60src. Based on one-dimensional and two-dimensional peptide analysis and phosphoamino acid analysis, the increase is on a single phosphoserine residue at the NH2 terminus of the protein. The phosphate incorporation increases during the first 4 h of treatment. The pp60src kinase activity in extracts of cells treated with 8-bromo-cyclic AMP was stimulated about 2- to 3-fold. This stimulation of kinase activity increased during the first 3 h of treatment with 1 mM 8-bromo-cAMP and the activity was increased in both the soluble and particulate fraction of the cells. These results suggest that cyclic AMP can modulate the activity of pp60src in transformed cells.
Optical Feedback Sensitivity of Heterogeneously Integrated Silicon/III-V Lasers (2017)

The feedback sensitivity of a high coherence silicon/III-V laser is quantified using an interferometer. High fringe visibility is maintained up to at a reflectivity of −21 dB, a 10 dB improvement compared to a high end commercially available DFB laser.
Estimating and interpreting velocity uncertainty in migrated images and AVO attributes (2001)

Abstract Estimating a suitable velocity field for use in prestack depth migration is inherently uncertain because of limitations on the available data and estimation techniques. This uncertainty affects both the migrated depth of structures and their amplitudes in the inverted images. These effects can be estimated by performing multiple migrations with a set of velocity fields and colocating features in the migrated images. This lets us examine the imaging procedure's sensitivity to changes in the velocity field so we can assess both structural and amplitude uncertainties in migrated images. These two types of uncertainties affect interpretation in different ways. For instance, with structural uncertainty interpretation we consider the change in migrated location of structures when deciding on drilling locations, optimizing well trajectories, or computing uncertainty in volumetric calculations. With amplitude uncertainty or amplitude versus offset (AVO) uncertainty interpretation, we consider (1) uncertainty in crossplots of pairs of AVO attributes at a point of interest or (2) uncertainty of the attribute values along identified structures. For any interpretation informing a decision, the uncertainty can help estimate risk. Our data processing approach is based on amplitude-preserving prestack depth migration followed by AVO inversion, or AVO migration/inversion. It is valid for estimating AVO attributes in simple to moderately complex structural settings. Our methods of assessing the effect of velocity uncertainty can also be applied when obtaining structural uncertainties for a complex overburden geology or amplitude uncertainties in conventional NMO-based AVO analysis. They may also be applied straightforwardly to any poststack attribute analysis. Key to the approach is the availability of multiple velocity fields to generate multiple migrated images. In our application, an automatic algorithm samples possible fields, but the set of fields to consider could be generated from another source, such as interpretation.
Lab-on-a-chip multiplexed electrochemical sensor enables simultaneous detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA and host antibodies (2021)

Abstract The current COVID-19 pandemic highlights the continued need for rapid, accurate, and cost-effective point-of-care (POC) diagnostics that can accurately assess an individual’s infection and immunity status for SARS-CoV-2. As the virus continues to spread and vaccines become more widely available, detecting viral RNA and serological biomarkers can provide critical insights into the status of infectious, previously infectious, and vaccinated individuals over time. Here, we describe an integrated, low-cost, 3D printed, lab-on-a-chip device that extracts, concentrates, and amplifies viral RNA from unprocessed patient saliva and simultaneously detects RNA and multiple host anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies via multiplexed electrochemical (EC) outputs in two hours. The EC sensor platform enables single-molecule CRISPR/Cas-based molecular detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA as well as serological detection of antibodies against the three immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens. This study demonstrates that microfluidic EC sensors can enable multiplexed POC diagnostics that perform on par with traditional laboratory-based techniques, enabling cheaper and more widespread monitoring of infection and immunity over time.
Vienna proposal for interval standardization (2008)

This document contains a detailed proposal for a future IEEE 1788 standard on interval arithmetic. It is written in a form that should be not too difficult to transform into a formal, complete and fully precise document specifying the standard to be. Part 1 contains a concise summary of the basic assumptions (some of which may be con- troversial) upon which the remaining document is based. The items in Part 1 are grouped such that separate voting on each issue is meaningful. Parts 2-5 specify the internal representation of intervals and the operations defined on them. Part 6 specifies the external representation of intervals and the conversion between internal and external representations. Part 7 is optional and discusses useful modifications of the directed rounding behavior specified in the IEEE 754-2008 standard that would simplify an implementation of the proposed standard. This final version incorporates many suggestions and corrections by the people mentioned above. In particular, comprehensive discussions with Michel Hack, who read and com- mented in detail many intermediate versions, had a strong influence on this proposal.
Heat Transfer on Internal Surfaces of a Duct Subjected to Impingement of a Jet Array With Varying Jet Hole-Size and Spacing (2005)

One significant issue concerning the impingement heat transfer with a jet array is related to the so-called “crossflow”, where a local jet performance is influenced by the convection of the confluence from the impingement of the jet/jets placed upstream. As a result, the heat transfer coefficient may vary along the streamwise direction and creates more or less nonuniform cooling over the component, which is undesirable from both the performance and durability standpoints. Described in this paper is an experimental investigation of the heat transfer coefficient on surfaces impinged by an array of six inline circular jets with their diameters increased monotically along the streamwise direction. The local heat transfer distributions on both the target surface and jet-issuing plate are measured using a transient liquid crystal technique. By varying the jet hole-size in a systematic manner, the actual distribution of jet flow rate and momentum within a jet array may be optimally metered and controlled against crossflow. The effects on the heat transfer coefficient distribution due to variations of jet-to-target distance and inter-jet spacing are investigated. The varying-diameter results are compared with those from a corresponding array of uniform jet diameter.
High Power Density Dissipations by Spray Cooling (2007)

An experimental set up is developed to deliver monodisperse microdroplets at different volumetric flows over a hot surface. In-house built circuitry activates a Thermal Ink Jet (TIJ) atomizer to spray controlled amounts of deionized water to cool a small area of 5 mm by 3 mm on a copper block. The temperature history is monitored through K-type thermocouples and the dissipated power is calculated using Fourier’s law. Digital cameras are used to track the wetted area unveiling considerable changes in the wetted area present close to the CHF. The controlled flow delivery and small droplets (50 μm diameter) result in small wetted areas near the CHF. The wetted area is measured and used to compute the dissipated heat. Experimental results show dissipation of heat fluxes up to 4 kW/cm2 based on the best estimate of the wetted area.
Aberrant cell state plasticity mediated by developmental reprogramming precedes colorectal cancer initiation (2022)

ABSTRACT Cell state (phenotypic) plasticity is a carefully regulated feature of adult epithelial cells that enables adaptive responses to injury, inflammation, and other forms of stress. Aberrant expansion of the normally restricted capability for cell state plasticity to escape terminal differentiation is a critical aspect of neoplasia. The nongenetic factors and specific programs that mediate aberrant cell state plasticity and impaired differentiation require deeper characterization to understand this elusive aspect of cancer pathogenesis. Using genetically engineered and carcinogen-induced murine models of intestinal neoplasia, we demonstrate that impaired differentiation is a conserved event preceding cancer development. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of neoplastic intestinal lesions from both mouse models and a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis revealed that cancer initiates by adopting an aberrant transcriptional state characterized by nonoverlapping expression of a regenerative pathway, marked by Ly6a (Sca-1), and a fetal intestinal program, positive for Tacstd2 (Trop2). Genetic inactivation of Sox9 prevented adenoma formation in Apc KO mice, obstructed emergence of aberrant regenerative and fetal intestinal programs, and restored multi-lineage differentiation by scRNA-seq. Expanded chromatin accessibility at regeneration and fetal genes upon Apc inactivation was reduced by concomitant Sox9 suppression. These studies indicate that aberrant cell state plasticity mediated by unabated regenerative activity and developmental reprogramming precedes cancer development.
A Queensland family with ciguatera after eating coral trout (1997)

Ciguatera (poisoning caused by eating fish contaminated with algal toxins) is usually diagnosed clinically. We describe a Queensland family of four (including a pregnant woman) with ciguatera, confirmed by bioassay of the implicated fish for ciguatoxin. All four recovered, illustrating the effectiveness of treatment with intravenous mannitol. At birth, the infant appeared to suffer no adverse effects attributable to ciguatera; to our knowledge, this is the first report of the effect of severe ciguatera in the first trimester of pregnancy.
Low rank magnetic resonance fingerprinting (2016)

Magnetic Resonance Fingerprinting (MRF) is a relatively new approach that provides quantitative MRI using randomized acquisition. Extraction of physical quantitative tissue values is preformed off-line, based on acquisition with varying parameters and a dictionary generated according to the Bloch equations. MRF uses hundreds of radio frequency (RF) excitation pulses for acquisition, and therefore high under-sampling ratio in the sampling domain (k-space) is required. This under-sampling causes spatial artifacts that hamper the ability to accurately estimate the quantitative tissue values. In this work, we introduce a new approach for quantitative MRI using MRF, called Low Rank MRF. We exploit the low rank property of the temporal domain, on top of the well-known sparsity of the MRF signal in the generated dictionary domain. We present an iterative scheme that consists of a gradient step followed by a low rank projection using the singular value decomposition. Experiments on real MRI data demonstrate superior results compared to conventional implementation of compressed sensing for MRF at 15% sampling ratio.