gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microencapsulated Chromatophores for the Production of ATP (1989)

Chromatophores, organelles for photophosphorylation in non-sulfur purple photosynthetic bacteria, were microencapsulated and utilized in ATP production. The microcapsules were formed by photocrosslinking with trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). In batch experiments chromatophores microencapsulated in TMPTA capsules were repeatedly used in ATP production for more than 5 times. Continuous ATP production was then undertaken. ATP was produced at a production rate of 14 μmol h−1 L−1 over 200 hrs. The yield (from ADP to ATP) was 35%. The total amount of ATP produced was 0.7 mM (μM Bchl)−1. Therefore, this microencapsulation method was found to be suitable for the continuous ATP production using chromatophores.
Pathological and Clinical Outcomes in a Large Surveillance and Intervention Cohort of Radiographically Cystic Renal Masses. Reply. (2023)

No AccessJournal of UrologyReply to Letters to the Editor28 Jun 2023Pathological and Clinical Outcomes in a Large Surveillance and Intervention Cohort of Radiographically Cystic Renal Masses. Reply. Randall A. Lee and Alexander Kutikov Randall A. LeeRandall A. Lee Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania More articles by this author and Alexander KutikovAlexander Kutikov Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1097/JU.0000000000003606AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Pathological and Clinical Outcomes in a Large Surveillance and Intervention Cohort of Radiographically Cystic Renal Masses. Reply.." The Journal of Urology, Publish Ahead of Print, pp. REFERENCES 1. Pathological and clinical outcomes in a large surveillance and intervention cohort of radiographically cystic renal masses. J Urol. 2023; 209(4):686-693. Link, Google Scholar 2. Small renal masses progressing to metastases under active surveillance: a systematic review and pooled analysis. Cancer. 2012; 118(4):997-1006. Crossref, Medline, Google Scholar 3. . Comprehensive assessment of the impact of cigarette smoking on survival of clear cell kidney cancer. J Urol. 2014; 191(3):597-602. Link, Google Scholar Submitted June 13, 2023; accepted June 15, 2023; published 000. © 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2023 by American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Randall A. Lee Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania More articles by this author Alexander Kutikov Surgical Oncology, Division of Urologic Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania More articles by this author Expand All Submitted June 13, 2023; accepted June 15, 2023; published 000. Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Compared to Purpurinimides, the Pyropheophorbide Containing an Iodobenzyl Group Showed Enhanced PDT Efficacy and Tumor Imaging (124I-PET) Ability (2009)

Two positional isomers of purpurinimide, 3-[1'-(3-iodobenzyloxyethyl)] purpurin-18-N-hexylimide methyl ester 4, in which the iodobenzyl group is present at the top half of the molecule (position-3), and a 3-(1'-hexyloxyethy)purpurin-18-N-(3-iodo-benzylimide)] methyl ester 5, where the iodobenzyl group is introduced at the bottom half (N-substitued cyclicimide) of the molecule, were derived from chlorophyll-a. The tumor uptake and phototherapeutic abilities of these isomers were compared with the pyropheophorbide analogue 1 (lead compound). These compounds were then converted into the corresponding 124I-labeled PET imaging agents with specific activity >1 Ci/micromol. Among the positional isomers 4 and 5, purpurinimide 5 showed enhanced imaging and therapeutic potential. However, the lead compound 1 derived from pyropheophorbide-a exhibited the best PET imaging and PDT efficacy. For investigating the overall lipophilicity of the molecule, the 3-O-hexyl ether group present at position-3 of purpurinimide 5 was replaced with a methyl ether substituent, and the resulting product 10 showed improved tumor uptake, but due to its significantly higher uptake in the liver, spleen, and other organs, a poor tumor contrast in whole-body tumor imaging was observed.
Characterization of Char from Pyrolysis of Chlorogenic Acid (2000)

Pyrolysis of chlorogenic acid was studied under varying conditions of temperature and reaction environment. The objective was to study the effect of pyrolysis conditions on the composition of the solid residue, i.e., char. Runs were made at atmospheric pressure under oxidative and non-oxidative (inert) atmospheres and at temperatures ranging from 250 to 750 °C. The characterization of char was done in terms of its elemental composition and surface area, and by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The surface morphology of char was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The char yield in non-oxidative runs decreased from 80% at 250 °C to 20% above 550 °C. In oxidative runs, the char was completely oxidized at 550 °C. The surface area of char increased with temperature to a maximum of 196 m2/g at 650 °C. SEM analysis indicated that the pyrolysis of chlorogenic acid first formed a melt followed by formation of varying structures that decomposed rapidly at high temperatures. The H/C and O/C ratios of the char decreased as the temperature increased. NMR analysis showed that the resonance bands corresponding to carbonyl groups mostly disappeared above 350 °C and the phenolic groups became almost totally absent in 650 °C char. The aromatic character of char was enhanced with increasing temperature. FTIR studies indicated a gradual decrease in the intensities of OH and CO stretches at high temperatures. At 750 °C, most bands disappeared, resulting in a char that was mainly an aromatic polymer of carbon atoms. The oxidative pyrolysis enhanced mainly the surface area at the expense of char yield. The results are consistent with the analysis of the evolved gases.
Fundamental Study on Duplex Steam Generator Tubes for Liquid-Metal-Cooled Fast Reactors (1995)

AbstractFor the establishment of liquid-metal-cooled fast reactors (LMFRs) as commercial reactors, one of the most important tasks is to develop highly reliable heat transfer tubes for steam generators used in LMFRs because their failure could lead to a potentially explosive sodium/water reaction. A new concept for a highly reliable duplex tube heat transfer system is proposed as an improvement over the defects of the contact-type duplex tubes and knitted wire-packed ones, which have been proposed. Small-scale duplex tubes have been manufactured. Their heat transfer rates were investigated experimentally, and an evaluation method of their effective thermal conductivity, which is required for design purposes, is proposed, where the change in contact resistance due to thermal expansion is a consideration.
A 25 dBm Outphasing Power Amplifier With Cross-Bridge Combiners (2015)

In this paper, we present a 25 dBm Class-D outphasing power amplifier (PA) with cross-bridge combiners. The Class-D PA is designed in a standard 45 nm process while the combiner is implemented on board using lumped elements for flexibilities in testing. Comparing with conventional non-isolated combiners, the elements of the cross-bridge combiner are carefully chosen so that additional resonance network is formed to reduce out-of-phase current, thereby increasing backoff efficiency of the outphasing PA. The Class-D outphasing PA with the proposed combiner is manufactured and measured at both 900 MHz and 2.4 GHz. It achieves 55% peak power-added efficiency (PAE) at 900 MHz and 45% at 2.4 GHz for a single tone input. For a 10 MHz LTE signal with 6 dB PAR, the PAE is 32% at 900 MHz with -39 dBc adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) and 22% at 2.4 GHz with -33 dBc ACPR. With digital predistortion (DPD), the linearity of the PA at 2.4 GHz is improved further to reach -53 dBc, -50 dBc, -42 dBc ACPR for 10 MHz, 20 MHz, and 2-carrier 20 MHz LTE signals.
A 130-mm/sup 2/, 256-Mbit NAND flash with shallow trench isolation technology (1999)

A 256-Mbit flash memory has been developed using a NAND cell structure with a shallow trench isolation (STI) process. A tight bit-line pitch of 0.55 /spl mu/m is achieved with 0.25-/spl mu/m STI. The memory cell is shrunk to 0.29 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, which realizes a 130-mm/sup 2/, 256-Mbit flash memory. Peripheral transistors are scaled with memory cells in order to reduce fabrication process steps. A voltage down converter, which generates 2.5-V constant internal power source, is applied to protect the scaled transistors. An improved bit-line clamp sensing scheme achieves 3.8-/spl mu/s first access time in spite of long and tight pitch bit-line. A 1-kbyte page mode with 35-ns serial data out realizes 25-Mbyte/s read throughput. An incremental step pulse with a bit by bit verify scheme programs 1-k cells in 1-V Vt distribution within 200 /spl mu/s. That realizes 4.4-Mbyte/s programming throughput.
Polymer optical interconnect technologies for polylithic gigascale integration (2004)

Polymer optical waveguides embedded within buried air-gap cladding regions are presented as part of a wafer-level packaging technology for polylithic integration of optical interconnection with CMOS microelectronics. Functional 5 /spl mu/m wide/25 /spl mu/m pitch optical channels with dielectric/air core/cladding regions exhibit 0.43-1.22 dB/cm. scattering losses for unpassivated and passivated channels. A 1/spl times/4 multimode interference (MMI) power splitter constructed from the same polymer material exhibits 0.23-1.3 dB output power non-uniformity. Volume grating couplers constructed from a second photopolymer material exhibit /spl sim/72% input coupling efficiency.
Anti‑proliferative effect of ridaifen‑B on hepatoma cells (2018)

Ridaifens (RIDs), a novel series of tamoxifen derivatives, exhibit a potent growth-inhibitory effect against numerous tumor cells regardless of the expression of estrogen receptors, and are thus promising candidates as novel anti-tumor drugs. RID-B is a first generation RIDs, and inhibits the proliferation of several tumor cell lines. However, the potentially growth inhibitory effect of RID-B against hepatoma cells, and the detailed mechanism underlying RID-B-mediated tumor cell death remain to be elucidated. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the anti-proliferative effect of RID-B against hepatoma cells. The anti-proliferative effect of RID-B against human hepatoma Huh-7 cells was investigated by cell proliferation assay using WST-1 reagent, and caspase-3 activity was evaluated by using specific fluorescent substrate. In addition, DNA fragmentation in Huh-7 cells induced by RID-B was estimated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling assay, and binding of RID-B to double-stranded DNA was confirmed by mass spectrometry. RID-B (0.5, 1 and 2 µM) inhibited the growth of Huh-7 cells, seemingly dose-dependently, but did not inhibit the growth of normal primary rat hepatocytes in the same concentration range. Furthermore, the caspase-3 activity of Huh-7 cells was increased by RID-B (0.5 and 5 µM), and the anti-proliferative effect of RID-B (1 µM) on Huh-7 cells was partially suppressed by the addition of the caspase inhibitor, Z-VAD-FMK. Additionally, RID-B (10 µM) directly bound to double-stranded DNA, and the addition of DNA suppressed RID-B-mediated cell growth inhibition and DNA fragmentation in Huh-7 cells. From these data, it may be concluded that RID-B inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis via activating caspase-3 and binding to DNA directly, leading to DNA fragmentation in hepatoma cells.
A differential magnetic permeability model for pulsed magnetic field calculations (1996)

Problems involving intense pulsed magnetic fields in soft ferromagnetic materials require the solution of nonlinear partial differential equations with a field-dependent relative differential permeability that must represent the major magnetic properties of the material over an extremely wide range of magnetic fields. With the assumption that hysteresis can be neglected, a simple mathematical model with two exponential terms is described in which four constants can be used to model the magnetic properties of interest in a given problem. The model is constrained to match the initial value, the maximum value, and the saturation flux density. The analysis presented here shows that there are limitations and that not all values of the magnetic properties can be accommodated simultaneously.
Research Advancements in Porcine Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2016)

In the present era of stem cell biology, various animals such as Mouse, Bovine, Rabbit and Porcine have been tested for the efficiency of their mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs before their actual use for stem cell based application in humans. Among them pigs have many similarities to humans in the form of organ size, physiology and their functioning, therefore they have been considered as a valuable model system for in vitro studies and preclinical assessments. Easy assessability, few ethical issues, successful MSC isolation from different origins like bone marrow, skin, umbilical cord blood, Wharton's jelly, endometrium, amniotic fluid and peripheral blood make porcine a good model for stem cell therapy. Porcine derived MSCs (pMSCs have shown greater in vitro differentiation and transdifferention potential towards mesenchymal lineages and specialized lineages such as cardiomyocytes, neurons, hepatocytes and pancreatic beta cells. Immunomodulatory and low immunogenic profiles as shown by autologous and heterologous MSCs proves them safe and appropriate models for xenotransplantation purposes. Furthermore, tissue engineered stem cell constructs can be of immense importance in relation to various osteochondral defects which are difficult to treat otherwise. Using pMSCs successful treatment of various disorders like Parkinson's disease, cardiac ischemia, hepatic failure, has been reported by many studies. Here, in this review we highlight current research findings in the area of porcine mesenchymal stem cells dealing with their isolation methods, differentiation ability, transplantation applications and their therapeutic potential towards various diseases.
Identification of MicroRNAs With In Vivo Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma-related Xenograft Models (2020)

We identified six up-regulated and twelve down-regulated miRs, which deserve further preclinical validation.
A New Circuit Topology for the Realization of Very Low-Noise Wide-Bandwidth Transimpedance Amplifier (2007)

In this paper, after discussing some important limitations of the most common circuital configuration that is used for the realization of very low-noise transimpedance amplifiers, we propose and analyze a new circuit topology which allows us to obtain significant advantages as far as equivalent input current noise and bandwidth (BW) are concerned. We present a simple circuit implementation of the new transimpedance amplifier, together with the results of its noise characterization. The comparison between these measurements and those obtained on a conventional transimpedance amplifier with the same transimpedance gain has confirmed that the proposed approach allows us to obtain a lower background noise and a larger BW for the same transimpedance gain.
Modeling Effective Diffusivity of Volatile Organic Compounds in Activated Carbon Fiber (2000)

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) comprise 67% of total hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) that are emitted by major industrial point sources into the U.S. atmosphere (1). Adsorption by activated carbon fiber (ACF) has been recognized as one of the feasible regenerative control processes to separate and recover VOCs for reuse. Characteristics of VOCs transport in ACFs are required to efficiently design ACF sorption systems. However, extensive resources are spent experimentally obtaining transient sorption data to design adsorption systems. As an alternative, this work develops a new model that predicts effective diffusivities of VOCs into ACFs. The diffusion process is modeled as Knudsen transport into the ACF open pore spaces coupled with activated surface diffusion on the ACF's internal surface area. Temperature and Darken's factors are included in the surface diffusion model to provide corrections for thermodynamic state and deviation from Fick's Law, respectively. Depth of the adsorption potential well is considered as the product of the heat of adsorption of a reference VOC, an adsorption similarity factor, and a surface diffusion energy factor. Introduction of the adsorption similarity factor in the effective diffusivity model is a new concept providing a means to predict effective diffusivity of similar adsorption systems from a reference system. Experimental data from a short length column are used to determine effective diffusivity of acetone in ACF. Results from this diffusivity model are compared to experimental values for the acetone/ACF system to describe the degree of closure between modeled and experimental results.
CLAMP-ON, SONAR-BASED VOLUMETRIC FLOW RATE AND GAS VOLUME FRACTION MEASUREMENT FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS (2005)

A clamp-on, sonar-based flow measurement technology for simultaneously measuring volumetric flow rate and process fluid sound speed is described. The technology utilizes sonar array processing techniques to perform two independent measurements to characterize the process fluid, each well-suited for single and multiphase flows. Firstly, the meter provides mixture volumetric flow by tracking the speed at which naturally occurring flow-generated pressure fields convect past an array of strain-based sensors clamped-on to existing process pipe. Secondly, the meter provides compositional information by measuring the speed at which naturally occurring sound waves propagate through the process fluid using the same clamp-on sensors. Measuring the speed of sound of a process fluid utilizing this sonar technique is analogous to measuring process fluid density and has many compositional based applications. A primary example of this is using process sound speed to accurately measure the amount of entrained gases in liquid–continuous mixtures. The ability to measure volumetric flow and process sound speed reliably and accurately in single and multiphase applications with a non-intrusive, clamp-on device significantly enhances the observability of the many industrial processes. Data is presented from sonar-based volumetric flow and sound speed-based compositional measurements for a wide range of industrial applications, encompassing single phase liquid applications to large diameter, abrasive multiphase applications, widely-recognized as difficult, long-standing flow measurement challenges. 2
Keratinase Fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis KUB-K0006 (2016)

Keratinase fermentation by Bacillus licheniformis KUB-K0006 was studied at pilot scale. The maximum activity (5.03 U/mL) and productivity (0.21 U/L h) were obtained at 5% (v/v) inoculum, 1.0 vvm aeration rate, without pH control (7.5 initial pH), agitation speed 300 rpm,  at the temperature of 37°C for 24 h. During fermentation, controlled pH 7.5 gave similar enzyme activity to without controlled pH. This condition achieved its maximum productivity for keratinase production in 3 L fermentor. Fermentation scale-up was also studied by varying fermentor size at the volume of 19.5, 70 and 300 L. The profile of pH, growth and keratinase activity were similar in all fermentor sizes. The result suggested that the characteristics of the fermentors had little effect on keratinase production patterns in B. licheniformis KUB-K0006.
3GPP LTE downlink scheduling strategies in vehicle-to-infrastructure communications for traffic safety applications (2012)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) is the new generation of infrastructure-based wireless technologies that can be used for vehicular communications, and already a standard considered as the preliminary version of 4G mobile communications. It provides a cellular networks-based solution, generally called vehicle to infrastructure (V2I), for vehicular safety applications. In this work, we evaluate the performance of different downlink scheduling strategies under various urban and rural scenarios, in which voice, video and safety data traffic coexist. The traffic safety application scenarios we consider are variations of collision avoidance using LTE-based broadcast communication. Our main evaluation criteria are delay and packet loss rate. We present our findings for each scenario and compare the results.
Fuzzy Holoentropy-Based Adaptive Inter-Prediction Mode Selection for H.264 Video Coding (2019)

Due to the advancement of multimedia and its requirement of communication over the network, video compression has received much attention among the researchers. One of the popular video codings is scalable video coding, referred to as H.264/AVC standard. The major drawback in the H.264 is that it performs the exhaustive search over the interlayer prediction to gain the best rate-distortion performance. To reduce the computation overhead due to exhaustive search on mode prediction process, this paper presents a new technique for inter prediction mode selection based on the fuzzy holoentropy. This proposed scheme utilizes the pixel values and probabilistic distribution of pixel symbols to decide the mode. The adaptive mode selection is introduced here by analyzing the pixel values of the current block to be coded with those of a motion compensated reference block using fuzzy holoentropy. The adaptively selected mode decision can reduce the computation time without affecting the visual quality of frames. Experimentation of the proposed scheme is evaluated by utilizing five videos, and from the analysis, it is evident that proposed scheme has overall high performance with values of 41.367 dB and 0.992 for PSNR and SSIM respectively.
Drug Development of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of AD-Relevant Kinases as Novel Perspective Multitargeted Approach (2016)

So far monotargeted therapies in Alzheimers disease (AD) led to insufficient results. Slight improvements in the AD symptomatics have been limited to patients in the early stage of the disease. So multitargeting approaches have been started addressing amyloid plaques as preferred primary target structures beside acetylcholine esterase inhibition. Various protein kinases have been discussed to make a contribution to the progression of AD. So protein kinases are promising target structures for a perspective multitargeting. We identified substituted smallmolecule protein kinase inhibitors of the tricyclic benzofuropyridine type which showed partly nanomolar affinities to AD-relevant glycogen synthase kinase (gsk) 3β, extracellular-signal regulated kinase (ERK) 2 and C-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) 3. Substituent-dependent effects on the respective kinase inhibitions are discussed and inhibitor binding modes to those kinases are presented based on enzyme docking studies. Inhibitor effects on the tau protein target structure are shown for first compounds in cellular studies to prove the enzyme conditioned effects.
Biochar as a remediation agent - the role of geophysical methods for characterization and monitoring (2017)

Biochar, a commonly used soil enhancer, could be used as a remediation agent of many organic and inorganic contaminants. Some of the limitations for its widespread use involve the lack of long term monitoring and volumetric characterization tools. Geophysical methods could be used to address these limitations. With the current study we present recent research on the use of the spectral induced polarization method on biochar amended columns. The early results are very promising, showing that biochar is indeed a very efficient remediation agent, and the spectral induced polarization is sensitive on the remediation progress.