gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of laser writing of polyimides on the alignment of liquid crystals (2002)

The influence of direct laser writing in polyimides on the alignment of organic liquid crystals was investigated. Laser writing was performed below the ablation threshold, which resulted in local melting of the polyimide. A surface relief structure was obtained as a result of the fast heating and cooling cycle during laser writing. No alignment of organic liquid crystals in the vicinity of the surface relief structure was observed as a direct result of the laser writing process. However, it appeared to be possible to wipe out the alignment originating from the rubbing process. This property proved to be useful to generate complex patterns in twisted nematic liquid crystal cells with locally uniaxial alignment. The contrast between the nonpatterned and patterned areas ranged between 40 and 50, which illustrates that the earlier described phenomena are potentially useful in, for instance, personalized security features.
Low-dark current 10 Gbit/s operation of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot p-i-n photodiode grown on on-axis (001) GaP/Si (2018)

We demonstrate 10 Gbit/s operation of InAs/InGaAs quantum dot (QD) p-i-n photodiodes (PDs) grown on on-axis (001) GaP/Si substrates. A 3.0 × 50 μm2 QD PD shows a small dark current of 0.2 nA at a bias voltage of −3 V, which corresponds to a dark current density of 0.13 mA/cm2. This low-dark current characteristic obtained from a narrow-stripe device indicates that sidewall and threading dislocations have small effects on the dark current. The 3 dB bandwidth was 5.5 GHz at a bias voltage of −5 V. Large signal measurement with non-return-to-zero signals shows 10 Gbit/s eye opening.
Discovery of a Series of Cyclohexylethylamine-Containing Protein Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors Exhibiting Potent Cellular Activity (1999)

Synthesis of a library of secondary benzylic amines based on the Sebti-Hamilton type peptidomimetic farnesyltransferase (FTase) inhibitor FTI-276 (1) led to the identification of 6 as a potent enzyme inhibitor (IC(50) of 8 nM) which lacked the problematic thiol residue which had been a common theme in many of the more important FTase inhibitors reported to date. It has previously been disclosed that addition of o-tolyl substitution to FTase inhibitors of the general description 2 had a salutary effect on both FTase inhibition and inhibition of Ras prenylation in whole cells. Combination of these two observations led us to synthesize 7, a potent FTase inhibitor which displayed an IC(50) of 0.16 nM for in vitro inhibition of FTase and an EC(50) of 190 nM for inhibition of whole cell Ras prenylation. Modification of 7 by classical medicinal chemistry led to the discovery of a series of potent FTase inhibitors, culminating in the identification of 25 which exhibited an IC(50) of 0.20 nM and an EC(50) of 4.4 nM. In vivo tests in a nude mouse xenograft model of human pancreatic cancer (MiaPaCa cells) showed that oral dosing of 25 gave rise to impressive attenuation of the growth of this aggressive tumor cell line.
A compact chipless RFID tag using polarization diversity for encoding and sensing (2012)

The chipless RFID tag presented exploits the advantage offered by polarization diversity to encode more information within a given surface size. It is based on 3 split ring resonators with variable gap configuration. Depending on the used linear polarization, different resonant modes can be measured for the same resonator so that the coding capacity is increased. Since the used structure is very sensitive to polarization angle, this interesting behavior can be used to detect a rotation angle of an item with 20° of accuracy. On the other hand, contrary to most of chipless tags that need UWB operating frequencies, the proposed tag is based on diversity polarization and only narrow frequency bands are needed. Using only 3 resonant frequencies in the 3.4 GHz to 7.1 GHz band, a capacity of coding of 6 bits is reached within a tag of size 3×3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Measurements done using a bi-static radar configuration in the frequency domain validate this new concept.
Alternative Gate Dielectric Materials (2006)

Alternative high-k materials are being researched as a replacement for SiON. At present HfSiON is the most popular material because of good transistor performance. Still, issues such as threshold voltage control and a limited k-value improvement encourage continuing material screening. In this paper, we give a short overview of some of the work done in this field, where we focus on DyxSc2-xO3 as potential candidate. In addition, we discuss the use of the aqueous chemical solution-gel deposition technique as potential technique to facilitate high-k screening.
A contribution to the amaranthine quarrel between true and average electrical mobility in the free molecular regime (2017)

Landau and Lipschitz's approach—termed here H&amp;B due to the use of Happel and Brenner's slow rotation approximation—for calculating the average electrical mobility over all orientations of an ion in the free molecular regime is shown in this manuscript to be an invalid assumption for non-globular ions when a fixed electrical field is present. The reason behind the invalidity seems to be the confusion between average “settling” velocity (the calculation intended by H&amp;B) and the average mobility (drag) in the direction of the field. When a missing orientation is taken into account by rotating the drag tensor, the average mobility obtained through Landau's approach coincides with well-known orientationally averaged Kinetic Theory Methods such as those of Mason and McDaniel (M&amp;M). H&amp;B's averaging approach, however, can be related to the true mobility displacement of the ion or, in other words, the displacement occurring in the direction of the velocity. This true mobility displacement only agrees with the average mobility displacement if ion velocity and electrical field have always the same direction, which only happens under special cases. Analytical and numerical calculations of collision cross-sections of linear and planar structures using a momentum transfer kinetic theory approach are chosen here as a means to prove that a single rotation of the drag tensor is sufficient to show agreement between both methods. A projected area approach is also used to prove the inadequacy of the H&amp;B method. © 2017 American Association for Aerosol Research
Genetic Variation in Titin in Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy–Overlap Syndromes (2011)

Our data provide evidence that titin mutations can cause ARVC, a finding that further expands the origin of the disease beyond desmosomal proteins. Structural impairment of the titin spring is a likely cause of ARVC and constitutes a novel mechanism underlying myocardial remodeling and sudden cardiac death.
Experimental Verification of PCH-EM Algorithm for Characterizing DSERN Image Sensors (2023)

The Photon Counting Histogram Expectation Maximization (PCH-EM) algorithm has recently been reported as a candidate method for the characterization of Deep Sub-Electron Read Noise (DSERN) image sensors. This work describes a comprehensive demonstration of the PCH-EM algorithm applied to a DSERN capable quanta image sensor. The results show that PCH-EM is able to characterize DSERN pixels for a large span of quanta exposure and read noise values. The per-pixel characterization results of the sensor are combined with the proposed Photon Counting Distribution (PCD) model to demonstrate the ability of PCH-EM to predict the ensemble distribution of the device. The agreement between experimental observations and model predictions demonstrates both the applicability of the PCD model in the DSERN regime as well as the ability of the PCH-EM algorithm to accurately estimate the underlying model parameters.
Naturally Occurring IgG Antibodies Provide Innate Protection against <b><i>Vibrio cholerae </i></b>Bacteremia by Recognition of the Outer Membrane Protein U (2016)

Cholera epidemics are caused by Vibrio cholerae serogroups O1 and O139, whereas strains collectively known as non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae are found in cases of extraintestinal infections and bacteremia. The mechanisms and factors influencing the occurrence of bacteremia and survival of V. cholerae in normal human serum have remained unclear. We found that naturally occurring IgG recognizing V. cholerae outer membrane protein U (OmpU) mediates a serum-killing effect in a complement C1q-dependent manner. Moreover, outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) containing OmpU caused enhanced survival of highly serum-sensitive classical V. cholerae in a dose-dependent manner. OMVs from wild-type and ompU mutant V. cholerae thereby provided a novel means to verify by extracellular transcomplementation the involvement of OmpU. Our data conclusively indicate that loss, or reduced expression, of OmpU imparts resistance to V. cholerae towards serum killing. We propose that the difference in OmpU protein levels is a plausible reason for differences in serum resistance and the ability to cause bacteremia observed among V. cholerae biotypes. Our findings provide a new perspective on how naturally occurring antibodies, perhaps induced by members of the microbiome, may play a role in the recognition of pathogens and the provocation of innate immune defense against bacteremia.
Thermal Stability and Electrical Properties of SrBi2Ta2-xNbxO9/IrOx Capacitors with Pt Top Electrode (2001)

Both SrBi 2 Ta 2- x Nb x O 9 (SBTN) film and IrO x electrode were used for fabricating a capacitor of high-density ferroelectric random access memory. IrO x was deposited by reactive sputtering, and the spin-on technique was used for coating the SBTN layer. Marked evaporation was observed in 2000-Å-thick IrO x film after electrode annealing at temperatures above 700°C. The evaporation was caused by the reduction of IrO x to metallic iridium. However, SBTN/IrO x stack remained stable even after annealing up to 800°C. Ferroelectric crystallization annealing during the integration was performed at 650°C for the application of stacked capacitor architecture. Thus, the Pt/SBTN/IrO x capacitor could be fabricated up to metallization without damaging the microstructure. The switching polarization was about 10 µC/cm 2 at the 2.4 µm×3.7 µm×256 ea array capacitor after metallization and the leakage current density was about 4×10 -7 A/cm 2 . The contact resistance of the SBTN/IrO x /Ir/TiN/plug was about 1500 Ω/plug at the contact size of φ 0.30 µm.
A Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Cement Enhances Dentin Regeneration by Dental Pulp Stem Cells and Promotes Macrophages M2 Phenotype In Vitro (2020)

Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is promising for bone and dentin repair and regeneration. However, there has been no report of biphasic CPC for inducing dentin regeneration. The aim of this study was to develop a novel biphasic CPC containing β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and investigate its effects on odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and macrophage polarization. New biphasic CPC was formulated with different ratios of β-TCP to an equimolar mixture of tetracalcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate anhydrous. Mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and odontogenic differentiation induction ability of the cements and the inflammatory reaction to the cements were examined. A series of CPC containing β-TCP were developed. CPC with 20% β-TCP exhibited homogeneity and injectability, an acceptable setting time, and a twofold increase in compressive strength. Significant increases in hDPSCs' alkaline phosphatase activity, mineral deposit, <i>DMP1</i> and <i>DSPP</i> gene, and protein expressions were obtained for 20% TCP-CPC, compared with traditional CPC (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The addition of β-TCP did not promote macrophage polarization to the proinflammation phenotype. The addition of 10% and 20% β-TCP promoted macrophage polarization to the anti-inflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, a biphasic β-TCP-modified CPC was developed for the first time, demonstrating substantially increased dentin regeneration capability, while promoting macrophages to an anti-inflammation phenotype. The novel biphasic CPC is promising for tooth tissue engineering and dentin regeneration applications. Impact statement Dental pulp exposure from dental caries, wounds, or deep cavity preparation can cause pain and infection, which may lead to root canal treatment or tooth extraction. Maintaining pulp vitality is a major challenge in stomatology. We developed a new injectable β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-calcium phosphate cement (CPC) for the regeneration of dentin. Compared with traditional CPC, the new CPC +20%TCP possessed good cytocompatibility, acceptable injection force, higher compressive strength (increased by 63%), and greater odontogenic expression and mineral deposits (increased by more than twofolds), while avoiding any proinflammatory drawback. This new biphasic CPC is promising for dental pulp-capping, base, and liner applications to promote dentin regeneration, as well as potentially for bone tissue engineering applications, which warrant further studies.
A Three-Dimensional Collagen Gel Contraction Monitoring System that Uses A Porcine Trabecular Meshwork for Screening of Anti-Intraocular Pressure Agents (2012)

Trabecular Meshwork (TM) contractile state is thought to affect aqueous humor outflow and Intraocular Pressure (IOP). It has been suggested that TM relaxation may increase conventional outflow by increasing tissue porosity and lead to decline in IOP, therefore, it could be a therapeutic target for glaucoma. Accordingly, we investigated the effects of various agents on the contractility of cultured Porcine Trabecular Meshwork (pTM) cells using a three-dimensional (3-D) collagen gel assay, in order to develop a screening method for identifying novel anti-IOP agents. We identified pTM cells, obtained from porcine eyeballs, by cell shape and expression of Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) receptors. The pTM cells, when embedded in collagen gels, showed contractile activity dependent on concentration of Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS). Various kinase inhibitors, especially inhibitors of cell cyclin-dependent kinase (rescovitine), rho and Ca 2+ -dependent protein kinase (Y-27632), tyrosine kinase (tyrphostin AG879), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (bisindolylmaleimide I, BIM I), and Ca 2+ /calmodulin kinase (chelerythrine), strongly inhibited collagen gel contraction. This contraction was also inhibited by ethacrynic acid, by inhibitors of Na + , K + -ATPase (ouabain), Ca 2+ -ATPase (thapsigargin), and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, by a non-selective phosphodiesterase inhibitor (papaverine), and by adenosine A 2 (metrifudil), and cannabinoid receptor (CP-55940) agonists. In addition, BIM I, simvastatin, BQ-123, and CP-55940 demonstrated partial cytotoxicity. The inhibitory activities of chelerythrine and thapsigargin were also attributed to cytotoxicity. These findings indicate that this in vitro 3-D collagen gel contraction monitoring system could be used as a rapid and sensitive screening method for identifying novel agents that induce pTM cell relaxation and could simultaneously detect both main and side effects.
Genetic Mouse Models with Intestinal-Specific Tight Junction Deletion Resemble an Ulcerative Colitis Phenotype (2017)

Genetic mouse models with intestinal deletion of kindlin 1 and 2 resulted in TJ deletion and revealed pathophysiological features of impaired PC secretion to the mucus leading to mucosal inflammation compatible with human UC.
Calcineurin inhibitors target Lck activation in graft-versus-host disease (2021)

Calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) such as cyclosporin A and FK506 are widely administered immunosuppressive drugs. Calcineurin relieves inhibitory phosphorylation from nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors downstream of T cell receptor engagement, resulting in their nuclear translocation and the production of cytokines, including IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α. It was previously believed that CNIs downregulate immunity by reducing NFAT activation. However, work from Otsuka et al. in this issue of the JCI revealed a second mechanism by which CNIs suppress T cell function. The authors previously reported that calcineurin removes an inhibitory phosphate from the tyrosine kinase Lck at Ser59 (Lck-S59) and that this dephosphorylation positively regulates T cell activation. In the present work, the authors showed that inhibition of Lck-S59 dephosphorylation was essential for the CNI-mediated suppression of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). These findings have important implications for future approaches to the management of aGVHD, organ transplant rejection, and autoimmune disease.
The Synthesis of Allolactose from Amygdalin. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel dimeric DOTA-coupled peptidic Y1-receptor antagonists for targeting of neuropeptide Y receptor-expressing cancers (2011)

The design and the in vitro characterization of the first DOTA-coupled dimeric NPY receptor antagonist with high affinity and selectivity for Y1 over Y2 are described. This compound may be an excellent candidate for the imaging of Y1-positive tumors and their treatment.
<title>Experiments in real-time visual control</title> (1991)

The development of vehicular systems with automated control implies the creation of autonomous behavior which is directed by intelligent processors. For intelligent vehicle systems the goal-directed autonomy includes convoy following road following and obstacle avoidance. The first major step towards automated convoy following involves the successful execution of vehicle tracking. Vehicle-tracking problems consist of automatic steering and speed control of an unmanned vehicle which is following the motion of another vehicle traveling ahead of it. In this paper the experimental results of several vehicle-tracking tests are presented. The methodology discussed merges intelligent real-time control with techniques developed to solve problems in the system. Real-time system definitions are given as well as performance results of controlling an actual autonomous vehicle in real-time with speeds ranging up to 20 mph.
Efficient depth map compression based on lossless edge coding and diffusion (2012)

The multi-view plus depth video (MVD) format has recently been introduced for 3DTV and free-viewpoint video (FVV) scene rendering. Given one view (or several views) with its depth information, depth image-based rendering techniques have the ability to generate intermediate views. The MVD format however generates large volumes of data which need to be compressed for storage and transmission. This paper describes a new depth map encoding algorithm which aims at exploiting the intrinsic depth maps properties. Depth images indeed represent the scene surface and are characterized by areas of smoothly varying grey levels separated by sharp edges at the position of object boundaries. Preserving these characteristics is important to enable high quality view rendering at the receiver side. The proposed algorithm proceeds in three steps: the edges at object boundaries are first detected using a Sobel operator. The positions of the edges are encoded using the JBIG algorithm. The luminance values of the pixels along the edges are then encoded using an optimized path encoder. The decoder runs a fast diffusion-based inpainting algorithm which fills in the unknown pixels within the objects by starting from their boundaries. The performance of the algorithm is assessed against JPEG-2000 and HEVC, both in terms of PSNR of the depth maps versus rate as well as in terms of PSNR of the synthesized virtual views.
Experimental Investigations Into Mixed Convection About a Horizontal Cylinder: Part B — Fluid Dynamics Using Particle Image Velocimetry (2005)

The second of two papers investigating mixed convection about a cylinder in the buoyancy opposing cross flow regime. The experimental configuration is essentially the same as that used in part A, [1]. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is used to measure the fluid flow at Reynolds numbers in the range of 32 to 89 and Rayleigh numbers of 1.7E+04 and 2.4E+04. Fluid flow results are shown in the form of instantaneous vector plots with corresponding flow visualisation images, streamline plots and velocity vector plots. The presence of the opposing flow created an unsteady flow field about the cylinder at lower Reynolds numbers while increasing the Reynolds number resulted in the development of a steady flow field tending towards that of a forced convection flow. An increase in Rayleigh number led to an increase the instability of the flow field. The velocity field results were found to compliment the heat transfer investigation detailed in part A, [1].
When good mics go bad (2017)

Billions of MEMs microphones are fabricated each year and the vast majority of them are used for voice pickup in Consumer Electronics (CE) devices where anomalous behavior or failure can cause little more than annoyance. Some millions of these microphones are destined for more sophisticated and/or critical applications where malfunction can lead to unpleasant and possibly dangerous situations for both man and machine. This talk will discuss some of the environmental stimuli that our lives provide and our observations of MEMS microphone thermal variation, pressure overload characteristics, and lack of mechanical robustness to dust, gases, and fluids. In some cases, capacitive and piezoelectric sensors will be compared.