gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Forma: a DSL for image processing applications to target GPUs and multi-core CPUs (2015)

As architectures evolve, optimization techniques to obtain good performance evolve as well. Using low-level programming languages like C/C++ typically results in architecture-specific optimization techniques getting entangled with the application specification. In such situations, moving from one target architecture to another usually requires a reimplementation of the entire application. Further, several compiler transformations are rendered ineffective due to implementation choices. Domain-Specific Languages (DSL) tackle both these issues by allowing developers to specify the computation at a high level, allowing the compiler to handle many tedious and error-prone tasks, while generating efficient code for multiple target architectures at the same time. Here we present Forma, a DSL for image processing applications that targets both CPUs and GPUs. The language provides syntax to express several operations like stencils, sampling, etc. which are commonly used in this domain. These can be chained together to specify complex pipelines in a concise manner. The Forma compiler is in charge of tedious tasks like memory management, data transfers from host to device, handling boundary conditions, etc. The high-level description allows the compiler to generate efficient code through use of compile-time analysis and by taking advantage of hardware resources, like texture memory on GPUs. The ease with which complex pipelines can be specified in Forma is demonstrated through several examples. The efficiency of the generated code is evaluated through comparison with a state-of-the-art DSL that targets the same domain, Halide. Our experimental result show that using Forma allows developers to obtain comparable performance on both CPU and GPU with lesser programmer effort. We also show how Forma could be easily integrated with widely used productivity tools like Python and OpenCV. Such an integration would allow users of such tools to develop efficient implementations easily.
Psychosocial Impact of Monitoring Technology in Assisted Living: A Pilot Study (2006)

This paper describes a study designed to assess some psychosocial impacts of monitoring technology in assisted living. Monitoring systems were installed in 15 assisted living units to track the activities of daily living (ADLs) and key alert conditions of residents. Activity reports and alerts were sent to professional caregivers who provided care to residents participating in the study. Residents (N=15) were assessed using the satisfaction with life scales (SWLS) instrument, professional caregivers (N=7) were assessed using modified caregiver strain index (CSI) and caregiver burden interview (CBI) instruments, before and after the installation of the monitoring system. Pre- and post-installation scores of psychosocial assessment instruments were compared using t-test for means. A statistically significant increase was observed on SWLS results (p=0.031). No significant changes in CSI and CBI scores were detected (p=0.771 and 0.386 respectively). The results indicate that monitoring technologies could provide care coordination tools that may have a positive impact on users' quality of life
Early detection of depressive symptoms during treatment with pegylated interferon -2b and ribavirin in euthymic chronic hepatitis C patients (2006)

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In vivo free‐breathing DTI and IVIM of the whole human heart using a real‐time slice‐followed SE‐EPI navigator‐based sequence: A reproducibility study in healthy volunteers (2016)

Purpose In this study, we proposed an efficient free‐breathing strategy for rapid and improved cardiac diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) acquisition using a single‐shot spin‐echo echo planar imaging (SE‐EPI) sequence. Methods : A real‐time slice‐following technique during free‐breathing was combined with a sliding acquisition‐window strategy prior Principal Component Analysis temporal Maximum Intensity Projection (PCAtMIP) postprocessing of in‐plane co‐registered diffusion‐weighted images. This methodology was applied to 10 volunteers to quantify the performance of the motion correction technique and the reproducibility of diffusion parameters. Results : The slice‐following technique offers a powerful head–foot respiratory motion management solution for SE‐EPI cDWI with the advantage of a 100% duty cycle scanning efficiency. The level of co‐registration was further improved using nonrigid motion corrections and was evaluated with a co‐registration index. Vascular fraction f and the diffusion coefficients D and D* were determined to be 0.122 ± 0.013, 1.41 ± 0.09 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s and 43.6 ± 9.2 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s, respectively. From the multidirectional dataset, the measured mean diffusivity was 1.72 ± 0.09 × 10 −3 mm 2 /s and the fractional anisotropy was 0.36 ± 0.02. Conclusion : The slice‐following DWI SE‐EPI sequence is a promising solution for clinical implementation, offering a robust improved workflow for further evaluation of DWI in cardiology. Magn Reson Med 76:1–2, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Recent progress in GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with lateral optical confinement due to an incorporated curved mirror (2019)

The recent progress of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with incorporated curved mirrors at one end of their cavities is reviewed. GaN-VCSELs consisting of 3 InGaN/GaN quantum wells, current apertures formed by boron ion implantation, and curved mirrors at one end of the cavities were fabricated. The near-field and far-field patterns exhibited Gaussian-like profiles, and their divergences agreed well with the theoretical values calculated from the radius of curvature of the curved mirror and the cavity length. The near-field beam waist for a GaNVCSEL with a 6-&mu;m current aperture was as small as 1.4 &mu;m (half width at 1/e<sup>2</sup>), which indicated that the light was laterally confined by the incorporated curved mirror and that the current aperture could be made smaller than 6 μm. For a GaN-VCSEL with a current aperture of 4&mu;m, a threshold current of as low as 0.56 mA (J<sub>th</sub> = 4.5 kA/cm<sup>2</sup>) was obtained at room temperature under CW operation at a wavelength of 451.8 nm. To the best of our knowledge, this is the lowest threshold current reported among all-dielectric DBR type GaN-VCSELs and is comparable with the lowest value reported for GaN-VCSELs that have a two-dimensional quantum well structure. The authors believe this result to be a milestone for the realization of GaN-VCSELs with extremely low power consumption.
In Utero Enzyme-Replacement Therapy for Infantile-Onset Pompe's Disease (2023)

(Abstracted from N Engl J Med 2022;387:2150–2158 Some diseases, such as early-onset lysosomal storage diseases, are so destructive that organ damage begins before birth, in utero. For some of these conditions, therapies have been developed to reduce damage and increase the likelihood of a higher quality of life in affected patients.
Importance of boundary conditions for optimizing the thermal dimensioning of PCB traces (2010)

The thermal design of a converter requires a correct estimation of the temperature of each and every component that is part of it to guarantee the lifetime of the system. In this paper, the focus is put on the printed circuit board (PCB). The literature presents different approaches for the prediction of the temperature distribution on the PCB, which consider both the contribution of the number and thickness of the copper layers and the quantity of current that is fed. The simulations and fitting equations usually calculate the temperature increase without considering the effect of connections, vias, or components on the trace. This paper will show emblematic examples of how these elements are boundary conditions that can affect the temperature profile, the position and the value of the hotspot. Therefore they can't be ignored for a proper, optimized thermal design of PCB traces.
Investigational Assay for Haplotype Phasing of the Huntingtin Gene (2020)

Novel treatments for Huntington's disease (HD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, include selective targeting of the mutant allele of the huntingtin gene (m<i>HTT</i>) carrying the abnormally expanded disease-causing cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) repeat. WVE-120101 and WVE-120102 are investigational stereopure antisense oligonucleotides that enable selective suppression of m<i>HTT</i> by targeting single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are in haplotype phase with the CAG repeat expansion. Recently developed long-read sequencing technologies can capture CAG expansions and distant SNPs of interest and potentially facilitate haplotype-based identification of patients for clinical trials of oligonucleotide therapies. However, improved methods are needed to phase SNPs with CAG repeat expansions directly and reliably without need for familial genotype/haplotype data. Our haplotype phasing method uses single-molecule real-time sequencing and a custom algorithm to determine with confidence bases at SNPs on mutant alleles, even without familial data. Herein, we summarize this methodology and validate the approach using patient-derived samples with known phasing results. Comparison of experimentally measured CAG repeat lengths, heterozygosity, and phasing with previously determined results showed improved performance. Our methodology enables the haplotype phasing of SNPs of interest and the disease-causing, expanded CAG repeat of the huntingtin gene, enabling accurate identification of patients with HD eligible for allele-selective clinical studies.
A comparison of chromatographic and chromatographic/mass spectrometric techniques for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in marine sediments (1987)

The establishment of reliable values for concentrations of 16 priority pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in a suite of marine sediment reference materials included an examination of the methods used to determine such compounds. Results from the five techniques used indicate large method biases. The biases arise from chemical interferences in methods which use non-selective measuring systems with separation techniques which do not first completely resolve the analytes; e.g., single-parameter optical detectors with high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) techniques or a flame ionisation detector (FID) with capillary column gas chromatographic (GC) methods. Measurement by a mass spectrometer with HPLC and GC removes much of the method bias. Results for a representative sediment are discussed to illustrate these conclusions.
The Shear Coefficient for Rectangular Cross Section of Trigonal Crystals in Timoshenko's Beam Theory. (1996)

This paper describes the shear coefficient K of transverse vibration for trigonal crystals such as quartz crystal, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate which are anisotropic materials. In this paper, we derive the shear coefficient K for rectangular cross section of the trigonal crystals in Timoshenko's beam theory of three-dimensional elasticity. The theoretical result gives K as a function of the transformed elastic stiffness constants c'22, c^^^(SUB)44, c'66. In addition, A value of K for quartz crystal, lithium tantalate and lithium niobate versus a cut angle is calculated so that K has a value of 0. 796-0. 867 for quartz crystal, 0. 834-0. 857 for lithium tantalate and 0. 831-0. 863 for lithium niobate, respectively, when a Z-plate of the crystals is rotated with a cut angleθof 0-180°about the x-axis. The values of K for quartz crystal are then compared with those for an isotropic material obtained by other authors.
Claudin‐1 immunohistochemistry for distinguishing malignant from benign epithelial lesions of prostate (2007)

Claudin-1 immunohistochemistry should be considered for use as a new diagnostic tool for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions of the prostate.
Synergistic Effect of Cation Composition Engineering of Hybrid Cs1−xFAxPbBr3 Nanocrystals for Self‐Healing Electronics Application (Adv. Mater. 9/2023) (2023)

Self-Healing Nanophotonics In article number 2207617, Fang-Cheng Liang, Takayuki Chiba, Junji Kido, Chi-Ching Kuo, and co-workers present novel post-synthesis Cs/FA mixed-cation perovskite nanocrystals possessing high structural and optoelectronic properties for integration in self-healing polymer composites. The entropy-driven self-healing not only enhances the white backlight display performance but also sustains the shattered–repaired glass substrate laser working performance, thereby representing potentially major advances in optoelectronics and photonics applications.
Role of Type 1 Pili in Catheter-Associated Bacteriuria Produced by Escherichia Coli (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987Role of Type 1 Pili in Catheter-Associated Bacteriuria Produced by Escherichia Coli Anthony J. Schaeffer, Chia C. Wang, William R. Schwan, James L. Duncan, and Susan K. Amundsen Anthony J. SchaefferAnthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author , Chia C. WangChia C. Wang More articles by this author , William R. SchwanWilliam R. Schwan More articles by this author , James L. DuncanJames L. Duncan More articles by this author , and Susan K. AmundsenSusan K. Amundsen More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75274-3AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Role of Type 1 Pili in Catheter-Associated Bacteriuria Produced by Escherichia Coli." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 134A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 134A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Anthony J. Schaeffer More articles by this author Chia C. Wang More articles by this author William R. Schwan More articles by this author James L. Duncan More articles by this author Susan K. Amundsen More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Tunable Nanoscale Interlayer of Graphene with Symmetrical Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Architecture for Lithium Extraction (2018)

Abstract Graphene, a 2D sp 2 ‐hybridized carbon sheet is a hot topic in the fields of materials science and chemistry. Here, a symmetrical multilayer architecture of graphene is designed by grafting of sulfonated 4,4′‐ diaminodiphenyl sulfone (SDDS) with the ample sulfonate groups and tunable interlayer spacing to exhibit the Li + extraction from ionic mixtures with Na + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ . Under the application of an electric field, the selective separation of cations can be achieved by controlling the flow channels of negatively charged ions (≈0.48 nm) during the synthesis of rGO‐SDDS‐rGO membrane. The result shows that the ion selectivity of the rGO‐SDDS‐rGO membrane is Na + &gt; Li + &gt; Ca 2+ &gt; Mg 2+ and the absolute separation efficiency values of Li + /Mg 2+ and Li + /Ca 2+ are as high as 85.32 and 80.81%, respectively.
On the reliability and intuitiveness of aggregated search metrics (2013)

Aggregating search results from a variety of diverse verticals such as news, images, videos and Wikipedia into a single interface is a popular web search presentation paradigm. Although several aggregated search (AS) metrics have been proposed to evaluate AS result pages, their properties remain poorly understood. In this paper, we compare the properties of existing AS metrics under the assumptions that (1) queries may have multiple preferred verticals; (2) the likelihood of each vertical preference is available; and (3) the topical relevance assessments of results returned from each vertical is available. We compare a wide range of AS metrics on two test collections. Our main criteria of comparison are (1) discriminative power, which represents the reliability of a metric in comparing the performance of systems, and (2) intuitiveness, which represents how well a metric captures the various key aspects to be measured (i.e. various aspects of a user's perception of AS result pages). Our study shows that the AS metrics that capture key AS components (e.g., vertical selection) have several advantages over other metrics. This work sheds new lights on the further developments and applications of AS metrics.
Two Helical Conformations from a Single Foldamer Backbone: “Split Personality” in Short α/β‐Peptides (2004)

Oligopeptide aus mehr als einem Monomerentyp kommen für den Aufbau neuartiger Foldamere infrage. Dieser Vorschlag stützt sich auf Untersuchungen an Oligomeren aus alternierenden L-α- und cyclischen β-Aminosäuren (siehe Bild), die in Lösung eine helicale Sekundärstruktur aufweisen. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2004/z52125_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Prolonged Fear of AIDS as an Early Symptom of Schizophrenia (1990)

A modern complaint--fear of AIDS--is making its way into the world of psychopathology and is becoming a symptom of a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including severe ones. We present a case of a young man who developed a pathological bizarre preoccupation of having AIDS and underwent various unnecessary medical procedures, until finally he was diagnosed as suffering from a paranoid schizophrenic disorder. With the high media profile that AIDS has achieved in recent years, it is expected that AIDS has become the object of psychopathological processes. However, the length of time elapsed between the onset of symptoms and the appropriate psychiatric diagnosis, despite being examined by other medical professionals, is surprising. The discussion focuses on the diagnostic questions and on issues related to primary and secondary psychiatric prevention.
Coherent Pulse Shaping in a Self-Modelocked Ti:Sapphire Laser (1994)

The recent development of nonresonant passive modelocking techniques has stimulated considerable interest in the generation of ultrashort optical pulses from broadband solid state laser media. Self-modelocking [1] is now routinely exploited to generate sub-100 fs pulses from solid state lasers in the near infrared. Optimization of a solitonlike interplay between negative group delay dispersion (GDD) and self-phase modulation (SPM), and minimization of high-order dispersive perturbations [2] have resulted in sub-20 fs pulse generation from Ti:sapphire lasers [3 - 6]. In particular, the minimisation of the cubic phase distortion arising from intracavity prism pairs has resulted in the generation of exceptionally broad modelocked spectra with FWHM of up to 150 nm and pulse durations ≈ 10 fs [7].
Rigorous micromagnetic computation of configurational anisotropy energies in nanoelements (2003)

A method combining the nudged elastic band method with finite element micromagnetics is used to calculate minimum energy paths, global minima, metastable states and, most importantly, saddle points between energy minima. We study configurational anisotropy effects in thin permalloy elements, e.g., 5 nm thick squares. For squares with the size of 15–200 nm the ground states are so-called “leaf” states with the average magnetization along one of the diagonals. However a second state (“buckle”) becomes stable with the average magnetization along one edge at sizes larger than ∼80 nm. The superposition of the four easy axes leads to a combination of four and eightfold anisotropy. At ∼200 nm size both states have about the same energy so that the overall picture becomes that of an effective eightfold anisotropy.
Flexible Mirror Imaging (2007)

The field of view of a traditional camera has a fixed shape. This severely restricts how scene elements can be composed into an image. We present a novel imaging system that uses a flexible mirror in conjunction with a camera to overcome this limitation. By deforming the mirror, our system can produce fields of view with a wide range of shapes and sizes. A captured image is typically a multi-perspective view of the scene with spatially varying resolution. As a result, scene objects appear distorted. To minimize these distortions, we have developed an efficient algorithm that maps a captured image to one with almost uniform resolution. To determine this mapping we need to know the shape of the mirror. For this, we have developed a simple calibration method that automatically estimates the mirror shape from its boundary, which is visible in the captured image. We present a number of examples that demonstrate that a flexible field of view imaging system can be used to compose scenes in ways that have not been possible before. This flexibility can be exploited in applications such as video surveillance and monitoring.
Time-reversal mirrors and rough surfaces: Theory (1999)

A systematic study is presented of the sensitivity of acoustic time-reversal mirrors (TRMs) to errors. One result is a novel acoustic method for determining the root-mean-square, rms, height and the surface-height autocorrelation function of rough surfaces. In particular, the effects of misregistering a TRM are studied with respect to a rough surface—the reflected wavefield is recorded in one place, time reversed, and then rebroadcast in a second place. This displacement causes the signal to depend importantly on the surface’s rms height and autocorrelation function. Simple closed-form formulas are presented for determining the rms height and the normalized surface-height autocorrelation function for both deterministic and randomly rough surfaces. Also presented is a numerical study that illustrates the statistical uncertainty in and the spatial resolution of the proposed method. An accompanying experimental article tests the proposed method with measurements made on a number of different rough surfaces.
Diverse ATPase proteins in mobilomes constitute a large potential sink\n for prokaryotic host ATP (2021)

Prokaryote mobilome genomes rely on host machineries for survival and\nreplication. Given that mobile genetic elements (MGEs) derive their energy from\nhost cells, we investigated the diversity of ATP-utilizing proteins in MGE\ngenomes to determine whether they might be associated with proteins that could\nsuppress related host proteins that consume host energy. A comprehensive search\nof 353 huge phage genomes revealed that up to 9% of the proteins have ATPase\ndomains. For example, ATPase proteins constitute ~3% of the genomes of Lak\nphages with ~550 kbp genomes that occur in the microbiomes of humans and other\nanimals. Statistical analysis shows the number of ATPase proteins increases\nlinearly with genome length, consistent with a large sink for host ATP during\nreplication of megaphages. Using metagenomic data from diverse environments, we\nfound 505 mobilome proteins with ATPase domains fused to diverse functional\ndomains. Among these composite ATPase proteins, 61.6% have known functional\ndomains that could contribute to host energy diversion during the mobilome life\ncycle. As many have domains that are known to interact with nucleic acids and\nproteins, we infer that numerous ATPase proteins are used during replication\nand for protection from host immune systems. We found a set of uncharacterized\nATPase proteins with nuclease and protease activities, displaying unique domain\narchitectures that are energy intensive based on the presence of multiple\nATPase domains. In many cases, these composite ATPase proteins genomically\nco-localize with small proteins in genomic contexts that are reminiscent of\ntoxin-antitoxin systems. Small proteins that function as inhibitors may be a\ncommon strategy for control of cellular processes, thus could inspire the\ndevelopment of new nucleic acid and protein manipulation tools, with diverse\nbiotechnological applications.\n