gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon‐Enriched Amorphous Hydrogenated Boron Carbide Films for Very‐Low‐k Interlayer Dielectrics (2017)

Abstract A longstanding challenge in ultralarge‐scale integration has been the continued improvement in low‐dielectric‐constant (low‐ k ) interlayer dielectric materials and other specialized layers in back‐end‐of‐the‐line interconnect fabrication. Modeled after the success of carbon‐containing organosilicate materials, carbon‐enriched amorphous hydrogenated boron carbide (a‐B x C:H y ) films are grown by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition from ortho ‐carborane and methane. These films contain more extraicosahedral sp 3 hydrocarbon groups than nonenriched a‐B x C:H y films, as revealed by FTIR and NMR spectroscopy, and also exhibit lower dielectric constants than their nonenriched counterparts, notably due to low densities combined with a low distortion and orientation contribution to the total polarizability. Films with dielectric constant as low as 2.5 are reported with excellent electrical stability (leakage current of 10 −9 A cm −2 at 2 MV cm −1 and breakdown voltage of &gt;6 MV cm −1 ), good thermal conductivity of 0.31 ± 0.03 W m −1 K −1 , and high projected Young's modulus of 12 ± 3 GPa. These properties rival those of leading SiOC:H materials, and position a‐B x C:H y as an important complement to traditional Si‐based materials to meet the complex needs of next‐generation interconnect fabrication.
End-user programming in the wild: A field study of CoScripter scripts (2008)

Although a new class of languages has emerged to enable end users to create their own Web applications, little is known about how end-user programmers actually use such languages in the real world. In this paper, we report a field study on over 1400 scripts collected from the Internet which were created by early adopters of CoScripter, a Web macro programming-by-demonstration language. We contrast these Internet scripts with those written by users inside IBM, and describe script usage and re-usage patterns, features used, and users' clever workarounds for features not present in the language. The results show how users grapple with such programming notions as repetition, generalization, and reuse, sometimes inventing their own devices for these. Finally, we discuss the many scripts we found with social implications, whose purposes were to circumvent intended rules, regulations, and usage norm assumptions of a number of Web sites.
Agonists with supraphysiological efficacy at the muscarinicM2ACh receptor (2012)

Supraphysiological agonist efficacy at muscarinic M2 ACh receptors is demonstrated for the first time. In addition, a possible underlying molecular mechanism of GPCR 'superagonism' is provided. We suggest that iperoxo-like orthosteric GPCR activation is a new avenue towards a novel class of receptor activators.
Glycosylation of the Escherichia coli TibA Self-Associating Autotransporter Influences the Conformation and the Functionality of the Protein (2013)

The self-associating autotransporters (SAATs) are multifunctional secreted proteins of Escherichia coli, comprising the AIDA-I, TibA and Ag43 proteins. One of their characteristics is that they can be glycosylated. Glycosylation of AIDA-I and Ag43 have been investigated, but not that of TibA. It is still not clear whether glycosylation of the SAATs affect their structure or their functionality. Therefore, we have looked at the effects of glycosylation on the TibA adhesin/invasin. TibA is glycosylated by TibC, a specific glycosyltransferase, and the two genes are encoded in an operon. In this study, we have found that the glycosylation of TibA is not limited to the extracellular functional domain, as previously observed with AIDA-I and Ag43. We have determined that unglycosylated TibA is not able to promote the adhesion of bacteria on cultured epithelial cell, even though it is still able to promote invasion, biofilm formation and autoaggregation of bacteria. We have purified the glycosylated and unglycosylated forms of TibA, and determined that TibA is less stable when not glycosylated. We finally observed that glycosylation affects the oligomerisation of TibA and that unglycosylated TibA is locked in a conformation that is not suited for adhesion. Our results suggest that the effect of glycosylation on the functionality of TibA is indirect.
Recent Developments of High-Efficiency Micromorph Tandem Solar Cells in KAI-M/ Plasmabox PECVD Reactors (2011)

The use of textured glass substrates in the fabrication of Micromorph tandem thin film silicon cells is shown to improve light-trapping, as evidenced by increased bottom cell EQE, and this results in cell efficiency improvements superior to those previously reported. This work utilizes LPCVD ZnO coated textured glass substrates having very high haze values of around 80%, most notably in the wavelength range where the microcrystalline cell possesses a strong spectral response. A 1000 hour light-soaked stable efficiency of 12.16% has been demonstrated and an efficiency of 12.34% after 700 hours of light-soaking has also been measured. In addition, initial efficiencies as high as 14.4% were recently achieved. These results were obtained using substrates that result in a 7.3% bottom cell current gain relative to cells fabricated with flat glass substrates. Textures enabling still higher bottom cell current gains of up to 13.9% as compared to non-textured glass have been identified.
Third harmonic generation in periodically poled crystals (2011)

We present experimental results demonstrating the direct third harmonic generation (THG) in a periodically poled lithium niobate (ppLN) crystal. The method we propose relies on standard ppLN architecture (constant poling period) that is properly chosen to satisfy the quasi-phase matching (QPM) between the fundamental and the third harmonic wave. Neither the second harmonic generation (SHG) nor the sum frequency generation (SFG) optimization or their coupling is mandatory for cascaded THG. Indeed, in our approach, the SHG signal remains weak and only serves as "virtual state" to seed the THG that satisfies the overall QPM-THG condition. Numerical simulations reveal that under QPM-THG condition, SHG intensity has rapid spatial variations and its intensity remains weak along the propagation. The theoretical analysis shows that the adiabatic elimination of the second harmonic virtual state allows for an efficient THG, which is experimentally observed. Using this approximation, we show that the set of non-linear coupled wave equations reduce to an effective THG process.
ChemInform Abstract: (+)‐Muscarine from L‐Rhamnose. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A probabilistic approach to reference resolution in multimodal user interfaces (2004)

Multimodal user interfaces allow users to interact with computers through multiple modalities, such as speech, gesture, and gaze. To be effective, multimodal user interfaces must correctly identify all objects which users refer to in their inputs. To systematically resolve different types of references, we have developed a probabilistic approach that uses a graph-matching algorithm. Our approach identifies the most probable referents by optimizing the satisfaction of semantic, temporal, and contextual constraints simultaneously. Our preliminary user study results indicate that our approach can successfully resolve a wide variety of referring expressions, ranging from simple to complex and from precise to ambiguous ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Adenosine‐2′‐monophosphate Derivatives: Structural Requirements as Substrates for Inositol Monophosphatase. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Platform Reagents Enable Synthesis of Ligand-Directed Cova-lent Probes: Study of Cannabinoid Receptor 2 in Live Cells (2022)

Pharmacological modulation of cannabinoid receptor type 2 (CB2R) holds promise for the treatment of neuroinflammatory disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease. Despite the importance of CB2R, its expression and downstream signaling are insufficiently understood in disease- and tissue-specific con-texts. Ligand-directed covalent (LDC) labeling enables the study of endogenously expressed proteins in living cells, tissues, and animals without impairment of native protein function. Herein, we employed in silico docking and molecular dynamics simulations to evaluate feasibility of LDC labeling of CB2R and guide design of LDC probes. We demonstrate selective, covalent labeling of a peripheral lysine residue of CB2R by exploiting fluorogenic O-nitrobenzoxadiazole (O-NBD) functionalized probes in a TR-FRET as-say. The rapid proof-of-concept verification with O-NBD probes inspired incorporation of advanced elec-trophiles suitable for experiments in live cells. To this end, novel synthetic strategies towards N-sulfonyl pyridone and N-acyl-N-alkyl sulfonamide LDC probes were developed, which allowed covalent delivery of fluorophores suitable for cellular experiments. The LDC probes were characterized in vitro by a radi-oligand binding assay and TR-FRET experiments. Application of the LDC probes in flow cytometry, imag-ing flow cytometry, and confocal fluorescence microscopy confirmed specific labeling of CB2R in live cells.
Continuous fractionation of poly[(dimethylimino)decamethylene bromide] and molecular weight dependence of the glass transition (1995)

Abstract 30 g of the ionene poly[(dimethylimino)decamethylene bromide] were fractionated by a continuous counter‐current extraction method (CPF) using ethylene glycol monoethyl ether as the solvent and diisopropyl ether as the non‐solvent component. The efficiency of the separation was checked by viscometry and gel‐permeation chromatography (GPC) measurements. Eight fractions of different molar mass were prepared for differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) experiments. With bromide as counter‐ion, the glass transition temperature of the ionene increases from ca. 60 to 85°C as the intrinsic viscosity of this material (in 0,4 M aqueous solutions of KBr at 25°C) rises from ca. 14 to 22 mL/g. When bromide is replaced by tetrafluoroborate, the glass transition temperature remains almost constant at ca. 60°C, irrespective of the molar mass of the ionene.
Renal and Urologic Complications of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (1998)

Renal and urologic complications are not uncommon in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, and can be directly or indirectly related to the underlying disease process or its treatment. Many of these patients have asymptomatic disease, or the urinary symptoms are nonspecific or overshadowed by bowel symptoms. By the time a urinary complication is considered, significant disease progression or renal damage may have occurred. These risks necessitate a high degree of diligence and periodic urologic evaluation as part of the long-term management of patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
Regulatory T Cell Depletion Using A CRISPR Fc-Optimized CD25 Antibody (2022)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are major drivers behind immunosuppressive mechanisms and present a major hurdle for cancer therapy. Tregs are characterized by high expression of CD25, which is a potentially valuable target for Treg depletion to alleviate immune suppression. The preclinical anti-CD25 (&amp;alpha;CD25) antibody, clone PC-61, has met with modest anti-tumor activity, due to its capacity to clear Tregs from circulation and lymph nodes but not those that reside in the tumor. Optimization of the Fc domain of this antibody clone has been shown to enhance intratumoral Treg depletion capacity. Here, we generated a stable cell line that produces optimized recombinant Treg depleting antibodies. A genome engineering strategy in which CRISPR-Cas9 was combined with homology directed repair (CRISPR-HDR) was utilized to optimize the Fc domain of the hybridoma PC-61 for effector functions by switching it from the original rat IgG1 to a mouse IgG2a isotype. In a syngeneic tumor mouse model the resulting &amp;alpha;CD25-m2a antibody mediated effective depletion of tumor resident Tregs leading to a high effector T cell (Teff) to Treg ratio. Moreover, combination of the &amp;alpha;CD25-m2a with &amp;alpha;PD-L1 treatment augmented tumor eradication in mice, demonstrating the potential for &amp;alpha;CD25 as a cancer immunotherapy.
El pelegrino de la vida humana publié à Toulouse à la fin du XVe siècle (2013)

Cet article étudie la traduction au castillan du Pèlerinage de vie humaine en prose, réalisée à Toulouse à la fin du xve siècle. El pelegrino de la vida humana constituera l’objet d’une analyse axée sur le contenu et le sens global du texte, présentant les premières conclusions sur le travail du traducteur et quelques hypothèses sur les lecteurs de l’œuvre.
The impact of optical coherence tomography on surgical decision making in epiretinal membrane and vitreomacular traction. (2006)

OCT is more sensitive than clinical examination in detecting ERM, VMT, and associated macular edema. OCT influenced the recommendation for surgical intervention in 42.4% of patients scheduled for surgery.
β2‐Adrenoceptors, NADPH oxidase, ROS and p38 MAPK: another ‘radical’ road to heart failure? (2010)

Persistent activation of the cardiac β-adrenergic system may contribute to the pathogenesis of congestive heart failure. Both β₁- and β₂-adrenoceptors are known to mediate these noxious effects, yet the β₁-adrenoceptor-PKA axis has received greater attention with less information available on β₂-adrenoceptor driven pathways. In the present issue, Xu and colleagues provide new evidence, showing that β₂-adrenoceptor over-expression leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) emission, mainly caused by up-regulation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (Nox) 2 and 4. Increase in ROS levels is accompanied by p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activation, fibrosis, apoptosis and cardiac dysfunction. Both Nox inhibition and administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine prevent these adverse effects. Interestingly, antioxidant treatment also prevents the increase in Nox expression, suggesting that β₂-adrenoceptor stimulation triggers a vicious cycle eventually amplified by both Nox isoforms. The possible existence of a circuitry to enhance ROS signalling and detrimental consequences on myocardial remodelling are also discussed, in light of the recent description of intracellular localization of Nox4.
Direct Measurement of theBe7Solar Neutrino Flux with 192 Days of Borexino Data (2008)

We report the direct measurement of the 7Be solar neutrino signal rate performed with the Borexino detector at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The interaction rate of the 0.862 MeV 7Be neutrinos is 49+/-3stat+/-4syst counts/(day.100 ton). The hypothesis of no oscillation for 7Be solar neutrinos is inconsistent with our measurement at the 4sigma C.L. Our result is the first direct measurement of the survival probability for solar nu(e) in the transition region between matter-enhanced and vacuum-driven oscillations. The measurement improves the experimental determination of the flux of 7Be, pp, and CNO solar nu(e), and the limit on the effective neutrino magnetic moment using solar neutrinos.
210 AUDIT OF AN AUDIT: UNDERSTANDING THE INTERPRETATION AND REPORTING OF KEY PERFORMANCE VARIABLES OF THE IRISH NATIONAL AUDIT OF STROKE (2022)

Abstract Background The Irish National Audit of Stroke (INAS) coordinates the collection and analysis of key performance variables which can be interpreted as proxies of care quality in stroke. Time metrics such as “Time-to-CT” and “Time-to-Thrombolysis” reflect the organisation of in-hospital stroke care pathways, with shorter times reflecting better care coordination and quality. While the INAS data dictionary defines each variable, differing interpretations of a definition can impact on the exact data point collected. We wished to understand the interpretation and reporting of key performance variables at all clinical sites reporting to INAS. Methods An online survey in three parts was designed and distributed to 34 INAS audit co-ordinators along with the INAS dictionary definition of each data variable. Audit co-ordinators were asked to select the exact data point they collect for that variable from a dropdown list, with space also allotted for free-text entry of any challenges they may encounter for that variable. Results Responses were received from 11/34 audit co-ordinators, representing 10/24 hospitals. Variability was seen in the specific times selected for data points including hospital arrival time, team time, and brain imaging time. This variability was seen across sites and regions. Data points with less scope for interpretation such as thrombolysis or thrombolysis time showed less variability. Conclusion By understanding the scope of responses given to any data point definition and the challenges that may exist for audit co-ordinators, it is hoped to achieve a consensus approach to defining variables for a robust core data set. Future data definitions may be refined to assist in the collection of exact data points that are accurate, consistent and reproducible across hospital sites. In so doing, all key elements of a patient’s pathway can be captured accurately and compared with best practice guidelines with a view to optimising future care provision and service organisation.
Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation and Design of H2S Tolerant Anode for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2009)

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is a high temperature fuel cell and it normally operates in the range of 850 to 1000 C. Coal syngas has been considered for use in SOFC systems to produce electric power, due to its high temperature and high hydrogen and carbon monoxide content. However, coal syngas also has contaminants like carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S). Among these contaminants, H{sub 2}S is detrimental to electrode material in SOFC. Commonly used anode material in SOFC system is nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia (Ni-YSZ). The presence of H{sub 2}S in the hydrogen stream will damage the Ni anode and hinder the performance of SOFC. In the present study, an attempt was made to understand the mechanism of anode (Ni-YSZ) deterioration by H{sub 2}S. The study used computation methods such as quantum chemistry calculations and molecular dynamics to predict the model for anode destruction by H{sub 2}S. This was done using binding energies to predict the thermodynamics and Raman spectroscopy to predict molecular vibrations and surface interactions. On the experimental side, a test stand has been built with the ability to analyze button cells at high temperature under syngas conditions.
A subwavelength near-infrared negative index material (2009)

A single layer of a subwavelength negative index material (NIM) operating at a wavelength of 1 μm is demonstrated. The geometrical parameters of the nanostructure are determined by characterizing its optical transmission spectrum. We show through photonic band calculations that these parameters give rise to a negative index in a corresponding bulk NIM. The fabrication inaccuracies in the dielectric spacer thickness that are likely to be introduced in a prism composed of multiple layers of this structure are shown through full-wave simulations to be within a range that preserves its negative refractive behavior.
Understanding Mystery Behind Example-Based Image Synthesis (2018)

This tutorial presents a concise overview of development in the field of example-based image synthesis that over the last two decades rapidly evolved into a powerful tool enabling the production of synthetic imagery often indistinguishable from the source exemplar.We discuss not only the basic algorithmic concepts but also their further improvements which lead to significant reduction of computational overhead as well as better visual quality. We also demonstrate numerous applications including texture synthesis, hole-filling, video completion, retargeting, reshuffling, morphing, melding, painting by feature, appearance transfer to fluid animations or artistic style transfer to 3D models and facial animations.
When Citizens Decide (2011)

Three unprecedented large-scale democratic experiments have recently taken place. Citizen assemblies on electoral reform were conducted in British Columbia, the Netherlands, and Ontario. Groups of randomly selected citizens were asked to design the next electoral system. In each case, the participants spent almost an entire year learning about electoral systems, consulting the public, deliberating, debating, and ultimately deciding what specific institution should be adopted. In this book, these unique cases are used to examine claims about citizens’ capacity for democratic deliberation and active engagement in policymaking. Empirical insight is offered to numerous debates: Are ordinary citizens able to decide about a complex issue? Are their decisions reasonable? Who takes part in such proceedings? Are they dominated by people dissatisfied by the status quo? Do some citizens play a more prominent role than others? Are decisions driven by the most vocal or most informed members? Did the participants decide by themselves? Were they influenced by staff, political parties, interest groups, or the public hearings? Does participation in a deliberative process foster citizenship? Did participants become more trusting, tolerant, open-minded, civic-minded, interested in politics, and active in politics? How do the other political actors react? Can the electorate accept policy proposals made by a group of ordinary citizens? The lessons drawn from this research are relevant for those interested in political participation, public opinion, deliberation, public policy, and democracy.
Oncogenetic landscape of lymphomagenesis in coeliac disease (2021)

Mutations activating the JAK1-STAT3 pathway appear to be the main drivers of CeD-associated lymphomagenesis. In concert with mutations in negative regulators of NF-κB, they may favour the clonal emergence of malignant lymphocytes in the cytokine-rich coeliac intestine. The identified mutations are attractive therapeutic targets to treat RCDII and block progression towards EATL.
Acoustic Wave-Based Data Transmission for Multivariate Sensing (2013)

Improving process observability is of high relevancy to improved manufacturing process control. This paper describes a novel measurement technique using acoustic waves for the transmission of multiple physical parameters from within the cavity of an injection mold to a receiver outside: temperature, pressure, velocity, and viscosity of polymer melt. Such a technique is a key to improved monitoring and control of plastic injection molding. A coded-acoustic wave modulation scheme enables multiparameter transmission through an acoustic transmitter with variable gains. This enables selective resonant frequencies that provide the carriers for the individual parameters to be transmitted, while suppressing noise induced in the modulation process. The presented acoustic wireless sensing method is applicable to a wide range of process monitoring scenarios.