gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of Biodispersan by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus A2 (1988)

Bacterial strains A2 and HE5, isolated by enrichment culture techniques, were shown to produce extracellular, nondialyzable materials which disperse limestone powders in water. These materials are referred to as biodispersans. Strains A2 and HE5 were classified as Acinetobacter calcoaceticus by physiological and genetic tests. An assay for limestone-dispersing activity was developed which is based on the settling time of a standard 10% limestone-in-water mixture. The assay was proportional to biodispersan concentration between 40 and 100 mug/ml. Dispersion was optimum between pH 9 and 12. Phosphate (2 mM) and magnesium (8 mM) ions caused a 50% inhibition of activity. An optimized medium for the production of biodispersan was developed with ethanol as the substrate. Biodispersan was produced only after the bacteria completed their exponential growth phase and continued during the stationary phase, reaching over 4 g of crude biodispersan per liter.
Soluble CD200 Is Critical to Engraft Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Cells in Immunocompromised Mice (2012)

CD200 is a transmembrane molecule with an important immunoregulatory role that is overexpressed on most chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. In this study, we characterized a previously unknown soluble form of this molecule in human plasma termed sCD200. Levels of sCD200 were elevated in the plasma of patients with CLL as compared with healthy controls, and there was a significant correlation with CLL disease stage. Infusion of sCD200(hi) CLL plasma into severely immunocompromised NOD.SCIDγ(c)(null) (NSG) mice enhanced the engraftment of CLL splenocytes as compared with mice receiving sCD200(lo) normal plasma. CLL cells were detected in both the spleen and peritoneal cavity of animals for up to 75 days. Engraftment of CLL cells did not occur after infusion of CLL plasma depleted of sCD200 and was abolished in mice treated with anti-CD200 or OKT3 monoclonal antibody (mAb), suggesting a role for both sCD200 and T cells in CLL engraftment. Notably, anti-CD200 mAb was as effective as rituximab in eliminating engrafted CLL cells when administered 21 days after engraftment. Taken together, our findings point to sCD200 as a novel prognostic marker and therapeutic target for CLL. Furthermore, the humanized mouse model described here may prove valuable to preclinically assess new treatment regimens for CLL.
Enhancement Mechanism of the Photoluminescence Quantum Yield in Highly Efficient ZnS–AgIn5S8 Quantum Dots with Core/Shell Structures (2018)

The optical properties of ZnS–AgIn5S8 quantum dots (QDs) with core/shell structures are examined to clarify the enhancement mechanism of the photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield (QY). Two types of QDs are synthesized by varying the concentration of zinc precursors, with alloyed-core (ZnS–AgIn5S8, ZAIS), inner-shell (ZnIn2S4, ZIS), and outer-shell (ZnS) structures, such as ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS and ZAIS/ZnS. Upon alloying/shelling processes from the preformed AgIn5S8 QDs, the evolution of the band gap energy indicates the formation of the solid solution of ZAIS. Due to the difference in the degree of alloying between ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS and ZAIS/ZnS QDs, the blue shift of PL, Stokes shift, and QY are different. The alloying/shelling processes improve the QY of the intrinsic defect states more effectively than the QY of the surface defect states, while the time-resolved studies suggest that the enhanced radiative rate of the intrinsic states is responsible for the improvement of the QY, in addition to the reduced nonradiative rate. In ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS QDs, the QY increases to 85%, which is attributed to the existence of the ZIS layer, as well as the reduced nonradiative states and the enhanced radiative states by the alloying/shelling processes. The ZIS layer mitigates the lattice strains and provides the appropriate levels of the electronic structures in the QDs, which further reduces the nonradiative rate and enhances the radiative rate, respectively, leading to the unprecedentedly high PL QY of ZAIS/ZIS/ZnS QDs.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transitioned Circulating Tumor Cells Capture for Detecting Tumor Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. ROC curves for CTC counts using CSV: ROC curves were determined to discriminate the responding/ stable patients from that of the non-responding/ progressive metastatic colon cancer patients. An AUC-ROC value of closer to 1 denotes a perfect method for discrimination.&lt;/p&gt;
Dynamics of Electro-Optically Active Interfaces via Electron Holography and Femto-Second NSOM (2003)

Numerous electronic and electro-optical devices derive their scientifically appealing and technologically important properties and phenomena via nanoscale spatially varying electrostatic fields, and the complex interaction of polarization with light propagation. [1] In electrically active systems, interfaces and defects exhibit electrostatic potential barriers which provide effective potential barrier to charge transport or its break-down signals onset of nonlinear transport. In electro-optical devices, there is a remarkable coupling between electrodynamic polarization and light propagation, facilitated by external applied bias. As the need for enhanced speed with minimal losses for communication and data transfer increases, there are considerable challenges thus opportunities, to probe the dynamics of such relationship, now approaching 10's of GHz frequencies.
The Effects of Secondary Oxides on Copper‐Based Catalysts for Green Methanol Synthesis (2017)

Catalysts for methanol synthesis from CO<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub> have been produced by two main methods: co-precipitation and supercritical anti-solvent (SAS) precipitation. These two methods are compared, along with the behaviour of copper supported on Zn, Mg, Mn, and Ce oxides. Although the SAS method produces initially active material with high Cu specific surface area, they appear to be unstable during reaction losing significant amounts of surface area and hence activity. The CuZn catalysts prepared by co-precipitation, however, showed much greater thermal and reactive stability than the other materials. There appeared to be the usual near-linear dependence of activity upon Cu specific area, though the initial performance relationship was different from that post-reaction, after some loss of surface area. The formation of the malachite precursor, as reported before, is important for good activity and stability, whereas if copper oxides are formed during the synthesis and ageing process, then a detrimental effect on these properties is seen.
Effects of endogenous agonists, glycine and D‐serine, on in vivo specific binding of [11C]L‐703,717, a PET radioligand for the glycine‐binding site of NMDA receptors (2003)

A positron-emitter (carbon-11) labeled antagonist for the glycine-binding site of NMDA receptors, [(11)C]L-703,717, has a unique in vivo binding characteristic, in which it preferentially binds to cerebellar-specific NMDA receptors consisting of a GluRepsilon3 subunit and eventually accumulates in rodent cerebellum under in vivo conditions, but not under in vitro conditions. In order to understand the in vivo-specific site and subunit localization of this radioligand, we examined the effect of the endogenous glycine site agonists, glycine and D-serine, on in vivo [(11)C]L-703,717 binding. An increase in extracellular glycine concentration by treatment with a glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1)-selective inhibitor, NFPS ethyl ester, significantly decreased the cerebellar localization of [(11)C]L-703,717 in rats. D-serine is known to be concentrated in mammalian forebrain regions. The lack of D-serine detection in the cerebellum may be due to the fact that it has the highest enzymatic activity of D-amino acid oxidase (DAO). It was found that the cerebellar localization of [(11)C]L-703,717 is greatly diminished in mutant mice lacking DAO, in which D-serine content in the cerebellum is drastically increased from a nondetectable level in normal mice. These studies indicate that [(11)C]L-703,717 is susceptible to inhibition by glycine site agonists in its in vivo binding, and suggest that regional differences in inhibitions by endogenous agonists may be a crucial factor in the site- and subunit-specific binding of this glycine-site antagonist.
Room Temperature Plasticity of Zr<sub>65</sub>Al<sub>7.5</sub>Ni<sub>10</sub>Cu<sub>17.5-x</sub>Pd<sub>x</sub> Bulk Metallic Glasses (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Update of FORTITUDE-ALS: A Phase 2, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Study to Evaluate Efficacy, Safety and Tolerability of Reldesemtiv in Patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (S5.002) (2019)

To evaluate the tolerability and preliminary efficacy of reldesemtiv in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
Multi-agent autonomous battle management using deep neuroevolution (2021)

Next-generation autonomous vehicles will require a level of team coordination that cannot be achieved using traditional Artificial Intelligence (AI) planning algorithms or Machine Learning (ML) algorithms alone. We present a method for controlling teams of military aircraft in air battle applications by using a novel combination of deep neuroevolution with an allocation-based task assignment algorithm. We describe the neuroevolution techniques that enable a deep neural network to evolve an effective policy, including a novel mutation operator that enhances the stability of the evolution process. We also compare this new method to policy gradient Reinforcement Learning (RL) techniques that we have utilized in previous work, and explain why neuroevolution presents several benefits in this particular application domain. The key analytical result is that neuroevolution makes it easier to select long sequences of actions following a consistent pattern, such as a continuous turning maneuver that occurs frequently in air engagements. We additionally describe multiple ways in which this neuroevolution approach can be integrated with allocation algorithms such as the Kuhn- Munkres Hungarian algorithm. We explain why gradient-free methods are particularly amenable to this hybrid approach and open up exciting new algorithmic possibilities. Since neuroevolution requires thousands of training episodes, we also describe an asynchronous parallelization scheme that yields order of magnitude speedup by evaluating multiple individuals from the evolving population simultaneously. Our deep neuroevolution approach out-performs human-programmed AI opponents with a win rate greater than 80% in multi-agent Beyond Visual Range air engagement simulations developed using AFSIM.<sup>&dagger;</sup>
Interference-aware channel segregation based dynamic channel assignment using SNR-based transmit power control (2013)

In any wireless network, the same channel must be reused at spatially separated access points (APs) or base stations (BSs) and hence, the co-channel interference (CCI) limits the transmission quality. Therefore, it is very important to reuse the channels so as to minimize the CCIs. We recently proposed an interference-aware channel segregation based dynamic channel assignment (IACS-DCA), which can form a stable channel reuse pattern in a distributed manner. The use of transmit power control (TPC) can avoid the excessive transmit power and hence, contributes to reducing the CCI. An interesting question is if the IACS-DCA can form a stable channel reuse pattern when TPC is used. In this paper, we give an answer to this question and show by computer simulation that a stable channel reuse pattern can be formed even if TPC is used and that the transmit power can be significantly reduced.
In-line spin-torque nano-oscillators in perpendicularly magnetized nanowires (2016)

We propose a scheme for an in-line spin-torque nano-oscillator (iSTNO) composed of a single nanowire. The oscillating element is an in-plane magnetized region of an otherwise out-of-plane magnetized nanowire, which supports a spin-wave mode. Analytical exploration reveals that the nonadiabatic spin-transfer torque can cancel out the damping and thus induce sustained precession in response to a direct current. Moreover, it predicts that the frequency scales linearly with current and that the wave vector depends only on geometry. Simulations with single iSTNO cells confirm that oscillations occur, and simulations with two iSTNO cells show that they frequency lock to each other roughly in antiphase, even with mismatches in geometry. iSTNO devices can be easily fabricated by irradiating regions of a perpendicular magnetic anisotropy nanowire with ions, do not require an external field, inherently support multiple iSTNOs, and thus form an attractive alternative STNO.
Parity violation in232Thneutron resonances above 250 eV (2000)

The analysis of parity nonconservation (PNC) measurements performed on ${}^{232}\mathrm{Th}$ by the TRIPLE Collaboration has been extended to include the neutron energy range of 250 to 1900 eV. Below 250 eV all ten statistically significant parity violations have the same sign. However, at higher energies PNC effects of both signs were observed in the transmission of longitudinally polarized neutrons through a thick thorium target. Although the limited experimental energy resolution precluded analysis in terms of the longitudinal asymmetry, parity violations were observed and the cross section differences for positive and negative neutron helicities were obtained. For comparison, a similar analysis was performed on the data below 250 eV, for which longitudinal asymmetries were obtained previously. For energies below 250 eV, the p-wave neutron strength functions for the $J=1/2$ and $J=3/2$ states were extracted: ${S}_{1/2}^{1}=(1.68\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.61)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}$ and ${S}_{3/2}^{1}=(0.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.18)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}4}.$ The data provide constraints on the properties of local doorway states proposed to explain the PNC sign effect in thorium.
Large Scale Metal Forming – A New Automated Technology using Model Based Engineering for Reduced Cost and Higher Productivity of 2D and 3D Metal Part Forming for Shipbuilding (2013)

A DARPA Program a decade ago concentrated on flexible manufacturing – which included the development of manufacturing processes which were Direct CAD-to-Part, and “smart” robot/process controllers which had embedded process models and could “on-the-fly” make process adjustment and produce perfect or near perfect parts with no human intervention. A team, headed by two of the authors, began the development of the LITS-Form (Laser Induced Thermal Strain – Forming) process. The LITS-Form process has evolved, partly supported by both Navy and Department of Energy Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR)funding; and, the addition of induction heating has made the process much faster and more efficient for thicker metal. The process is similar to thermal forming using Line Heating – which many shipyards use to make complex 3D shapes. However, there are several significant advances in the LITS-Form technology. The Physics of the LITS-Form system is fundamentally different from manual Line Heating allowing it to operate up to 100 times as fast. LITS-Form can produce parts with greater accuracy than Line Heating, and is faster than conventional metal forming operations such as the linear brake press.
Fluorinated copolymers : an example of temperature switchable adhesives (2000)

International audience
Angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonism prevents detrimental renal actions of acute diuretic therapy in human heart failure (2003)

Although effective in relieving symptoms of edema in congestive heart failure (CHF), diuretic-induced natriuresis may be associated with reductions in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF), which subsequently may reduce the duration of natriuresis. Moreover, recent studies have reported that the preservation of GFR is an important predictor of survival in human CHF. We hypothesized that the acute detrimental renal hemodynamic and tubular responses to furosemide in symptomatic human CHF will be attenuated by AT(1) receptor blockade with losartan. We defined the renal hemodynamic and tubular actions and aldosterone responses to furosemide (40 mg, orally) in the presence of acute AT(1) receptor antagonism (losartan, MSD, 50 mg orally) vs. placebo in 10 subjects with CHF (New York Heart Association II-III) in a double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study. Furosemide with placebo increased sodium excretion and reduced ERPF and GFR (P < 0.05 vs. baseline). After 4 h, sodium excretion compared with baseline was decreased (P < 0.05). In contrast, furosemide with losartan resulted in a greater increase in sodium excretion but without reductions in ERPF and GFR (P < 0.05 vs. placebo). After 4 h, sodium excretion was greater compared with the placebo group. Importantly, plasma aldosterone tended to increase in the placebo group, whereas it was decreased (P < 0.05 vs. baseline) only in the losartan group. These studies underscore the pathophysiological role of the AT(1) receptor in mediating detrimental renal and adrenal properties of diuretics in human CHF. AT(1) receptor antagonism preserves GFR and renal blood flow and enhances sodium excretion during acute diuretic therapy in addition to inhibiting aldosterone secretion. These findings support the use of AT(1) receptor blockade for human CHF requiring acute diuretics to improve renal hemodynamic and tubular function and to suppress aldosterone.
Fast Large-Integer Extended GCD Algorithm and Hardware Design for Verifiable Delay Functions and Modular Inversion (2022)

The extended GCD (XGCD) calculation, which computes Bézout coefficients ba, bb such that ba ∗ a0 + bb ∗ b0 = GCD(a0, b0), is a critical operation in many cryptographic applications. In particular, large-integer XGCD is computationally dominant for two applications of increasing interest: verifiable delay functions that square binary quadratic forms within a class group and constant-time modular inversion for elliptic curve cryptography. Most prior work has focused on fast software implementations. The few works investigating hardware acceleration build on variants of Euclid’s division-based algorithm, following the approach used in optimized software. We show that adopting variants of Stein’s subtraction-based algorithm instead leads to significantly faster hardware. We quantify this advantage by performing a large-integer XGCD accelerator design space exploration comparing Euclid- and Stein-based algorithms for various application requirements. This exploration leads us to an XGCD hardware accelerator that is flexible and efficient, supports fast average and constant-time evaluation, and is easily extensible for polynomial GCD. Our 16nm ASIC design calculates 1024-bit XGCD in 294ns (8x faster than the state-of-the-art ASIC) and constant-time 255-bit XGCD for inverses in the field of integers modulo the prime 2255−19 in 85ns (31× faster than state-of-the-art software). We believe our design is the first high-performance ASIC for the XGCD computation that is also capable of constant-time evaluation. Our work is publicly available at https://github.com/kavyasreedhar/sreedhar-xgcd-hardware-ches2022.
A reduced form of nicotinamide riboside defines a new path for NAD+ biosynthesis and acts as an orally bioavailable NAD+ precursor (2019)

Our data identify a new pathway for NAD<sup>+</sup> synthesis and classify NRH as a promising new therapeutic strategy to enhance NAD<sup>+</sup> levels.
Two Allelic Forms of the Aureolysin Gene ( aur ) within Staphylococcus aureus (2000)

Proteinases of Staphylococcus aureus are emerging as potential virulence factors which may be involved in the pathogenecity of staphylococcal diseases. We describe here the structure of the gene encoding the metalloproteinase referred to as aureolysin. This gene occurs in two allelic forms and is strongly conserved among S. aureus strains, implying the possibility that the proteinase may have important housekeeping functions.
Generation of Self‐Assembled 3D Mesostructured SnO2 Thin Films with Highly Crystalline Frameworks (2006)

Abstract Crack‐free, mesoporous SnO 2 films with highly crystalline pore walls are obtained by evaporation‐induced self‐assembly using a novel amphiphilic block‐copolymer template (“KLE” type, poly(ethylene‐ co ‐butylene)‐ block ‐poly(ethylene oxide)), which leads to well‐defined arrays of contracted spherical mesopores by suitable heat‐treatment procedures. Because of the improved templating properties of these polymers, a facile heat‐treatment procedure can be applied whilst keeping the mesoscopic order intact up to 600–650 °C. The formation mechanism and the mesostructural evolution are investigated by various state‐of‐the‐art techniques, particularly by a specially constructed 2D small‐angle X‐ray scattering setup. It is found that the main benefit from the polymers is the formation of an ordered mesostructure under the drastic conditions of using molecular Sn precursors (SnCl 4 ), taking advantage of the large segregation strength of these amphiphiles. Furthermore, it is found that the crystallization mechanism is different from other mesostructured metal oxides such as TiO 2 . In the case of SnO 2 , a significant degree of crystallization (induced by heat treatment) already starts at quite low temperatures, 250–300 °C. Therefore, this study provides a better understanding of the general parameters governing the preparation of mesoporous metal oxides films with crystalline pore walls.
Design and performance analysis of TH sequences for UWB-IR systems (2004)

Time hopping (TH) is commonly used with impulse radio (IR) based ultrawideband (UWB) systems as a multiple access scheme. In such systems, TH codes must he carefully designed to optimize the system performance. In this paper, TH code design for both synchronous and asynchronous UWB-IR systems are studied. For synchronous systems, a novel code assignment algorithm that depends on the number of users and delay spread of the channel is proposed. Then, the proposed codes are extended to quasi-synchronous scenarios. For asynchronous systems, frequency hopping (FH) codes obtained by finite field theory are applied to TH-IR, and their autocorrelation and crosscorrelation properties are investigated. A multiuser performance analysis method is proposed which makes use of code correlation characteristics.