gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lack of self-averaging in critical disordered systems (1995)

We consider the sample to sample fluctuations that occur in the value of a thermodynamic quantity $P$ in an ensemble of finite systems with quenched disorder, at equilibrium. The variance of $P$, ${V}_{P}$, which characterizes these fluctuations is calculated as a function of the systems' linear size $l$, focusing on the behavior at the critical point. The specific model considered is the bond-disordered Ashkin-Teller model on a square lattice [Phys. Rev. 64, 178 (1943)]. Using extensive Monte Carlo simulations, several bond-disordered Ashkin-Teller models were examined, including the bond-disordered Ising model and the bond-disordered four-state Potts model. It was found that far from criticality all thermodynamic quantities which were examined (energy, magnetization, specific heat, susceptibility) are strongly self-averaging, that is ${V}_{P}\ensuremath{\sim}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}d}$ (where $d=2$ is the dimension). At criticality though, the results indicate that the magnetization $M$ and the susceptibility $\ensuremath{\chi}$ are non-self-averaging, i.e., $\frac{{V}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}}{{\ensuremath{\chi}}^{2}}, \frac{{V}_{M}}{{M}^{2}}\ensuremath{\nrightarrow}0$. The energy $E$ at criticality is clearly weakly self-averaging, that is ${V}_{E}\ensuremath{\sim}{l}^{\ensuremath{-}{y}_{v}}$ with $0&lt;{y}_{v}&lt;d$. Less conclusively, and possibly only as a transient behavior, the specific heat too is found to be weakly self-averaging. A phenomenological theory of finite size scaling for disordered systems is developed, based on physical considerations similar to those leading to the Harris criterion. Its main prediction is that when the specific heat exponent $\ensuremath{\alpha}&lt;0$ ($\ensuremath{\alpha}$ of the disordered model) then, for a quantity $P$ which scales as ${l}^{\ensuremath{\rho}}$ at criticality, its variance ${V}_{P}$ will scale asymptotically as ${l}^{2\ensuremath{\rho}+\frac{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}}$. The theory is not applicable in the asymptotic limit ($l\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) to the bond-disordered Ashkin-Teller model where $\frac{\ensuremath{\alpha}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}={0}_{+}$. Nonetheless in the accessible range of lattice sizes we found very good agreement between the theory and the data for ${V}_{\ensuremath{\chi}}$ and ${V}_{E}$. The theory may also be compatible with the data for the variance of the magnetization ${V}_{M}$ and the variance of the specific heat ${V}_{C}$, but evidence for this is less convincing.
Estimation of Local Relative Humidity in Cathode Catalyst Layers of PEFC (2010)

A simple method is presented to estimate the local relative humidity RH in cathode catalyst layers CCLs of polymer electrolyte fuel cells PEFCs. Based on impedance measurements under different experimental conditions, this technique provides a means to estimate the average value for RH using a correlation with the catalyst layer effective proton resistance. At zero current, a fully humidified anode raises the RH inside the CCL from a nominal 30% to almost 70%. A current density of up to 0.4 A/cm 2 also humidifies the cathode, while drying is observed between 0.4 and 1.0 A/cm 2 .
A Core-Stateless L4S Scheduler for P4-enabled hardware switches with emulated HQoS (2021)

Novel Internet applications often require low latency and high throughput at the same time, posing challenges to access aggregation networks (AAN). Low-Latency Low-Loss Scalable- Throughput (L4S) Internet service and related schedulers have been proposed to meet these requirements and also allow the coexistence of Classic and L4S flows in the same system. AANs generally apply Hierarchical QoS (HQoS) to enforce fairness among their subscribers. It allows subscribers to utilize their fair share as they desire, and it also protects traffic of various subscribers from each other. The traffic management engines of available P4-programmable hardware switches do not support complex HQoS and L4S scheduling. In this demo paper, we show how a recent core-stateless L4S Active Queue Management (AQM) proposal called VDQ-CSAQM can be implemented in P4, and executed in high-speed programmable hardware switches. We also show how a cloud-rendered gaming service benefits from the low latency and HQoS provided by our VDQ-CSAQM.
Evaluation of 5% Na<sub>2</sub>O-Incorporated Calcium Metaphosphate as a Scaffold for Tissue-Engineered Bone Regeneration (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Partial loss of interleukin 2 receptor gamma function in pigs provides mechanistic insights for the study of human immunodeficiency syndrome (2016)

In this study, we described the phenotype of monoallelic interleukin 2 receptor gamma knockout (mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO) pigs. Approximately 80% of mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs (8/10) were athymic, whereas 20% (2/10) presented a rudimentary thymus. The body weight of IL2RG+/Δ69-368KO pigs developed normally. Immunological analysis showed that mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs possessed CD25+CD44- or CD25-CD44+ cells, whereas single (CD4 or CD8) or double (CD4/8) positive cells were lacking in mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs. CD3+ cells in the thymus of mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs contained mainly CD44+ cells and/or CD25+ cells, which included FOXP3+ cells. These observations demonstrated that T cells from mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs were able to develop to the DN3 stage, but failed to transition toward the DN4 stage. Whole-transcriptome analysis of thymus and spleen, and subsequent pathway analysis revealed that a subset of genes differentially expressed following the loss of IL2RG might be responsible for both impaired T-cell receptor and cytokine-mediated signalling. However, comparative analysis of two mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs revealed little variability in the down- and up-regulated gene sets. In conclusion, mIL2RG+/Δ69-368 KO pigs presented a T-B+NK- SCID phenotype, suggesting that pigs can be used as a valuable and suitable biomedical model for human SCID research.
Abstract 517: Ubiquitylation of G Protein Coupled Receptor Kinase 4 (GRK4) Regulates its Localization and Abundance (2014)

The dopamine-1 receptor (D 1 R) is responsible for regulating up to 60% of natriuresis in the kidney under sodium loaded conditions. G protein coupled receptor kinase type 4 (GRK4) phosphorylates the D 1 R and reduces its membrane expression, but little is known about regulation of GRK4. We hypothesized that GRK4 is targeted for elimination through ubiquitylation. Using D 1 R and GRK4γ stably transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), we demonstrated GRK4 and ubiquitin coimmunoprecipitation. Addition of clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone (CLBL, an inhibitor of the 26S proteasome) increased GRK4 expression levels (western blot) using two different GRK4 fusion protein constructs. The addition of CLBL (10 μmol/L, 24 hrs) increased the expression of both a tandem affinity tagged (tap-tag) GRK4 fusion construct (2.65±0.19 fold over vehicle (VEH): VEH 4,010±404 RFU; CLBL 10,626±744 RFU, P&lt;0.05, N=3) as well as a mCherry GRK4 fusion construct (6.98±0.50 fold increase over VEH: VEH 5,044±3229 RFU; CLBL 35,210±2547 RFU, P&lt;0.05, N=3). The ubiquitin binding sites (AA 216,217; MYACK Ub K Ub LQKK) are located near the nuclear localization signal (AA 219-228; QKKRIKKRK) in GRK4. We therefore examined the subcellular localization of GRK4 after CLBL treatment. Nuclear accumulation of the GRK4-mCherry fusion protein fluorescence decreased markedly while cytoplasmic GRK4-mCherry fluorescence increased (nuclear to cytoplasmic GRK4 ratio: VEH 1.18±0.09 RFU; CLBL 0.78±0.03 RFU, P&lt;0.01, N=12). In summary, GRK4 expression levels are negatively regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system and ubiquitylation of GRK4 prevents nuclear import. We hypothesize that ubiquitylation is sterically hindering the nuclear localization sequence in GRK4 from interacting with the nuclear import machinery of the cell. Through manipulation of GRK4 ubiquitylation, one may be able to separate nuclear vs. cytoplasmic activity of GRK4 and reverse the negative impact overactive GRK4 has on dopaminergic signaling.
Evaluation of the bioactivity of influenza vaccine strains in vitro suggests that the introduction of new strains in the 2010 Southern Hemisphere Trivalent Influenza Vaccine is associated with adverse events (2014)

In Australia, during the 2010 Southern Hemisphere (SH) influenza season, there was an unexpected increase in post-marketing adverse event reports of febrile seizures (FS) in children under 5 years of age shortly after vaccination with the CSL trivalent influenza vaccine (CSL 2010 SH TIV) compared to previous CSL TIVs and other licensed 2010 SH TIVs. The present study describes the outcomes of a series of in vitro experiments directed at elucidating the root cause. The scientific investigations found that a subset of paediatric donors displayed elevated cytokine/chemokine responses to the CSL 2010 SH TIV but not to previous CSL TIVs nor other 2010 SH TIVs. The induction of elevated cytokines/chemokines in paediatric whole blood correlated with elevated NF-κB activation in a HEK293 cell reporter assay. The data indicate that the introduction of the B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain within the CSL manufacturing process (such as occurred in the preceding 2009/10 NH season) appears to have raised the pyrogenic potential of the CSL 2009/10 NH TIV but that this was insufficient to elicit FS in children <5 years. The 2010 SH season coincided with the first introduction of the H1N1 A/California/07/2009 in combination with the B/Brisbane/60/2008 strain. Our data demonstrates that the introduction of the H1N1 A/California/07/2009 (and to a much lesser degree, H3N2 A/Wisconsin/15/2009) in combination with B/Brisbane/60/2008 (as expressed through the CSL method of manufacture) combined and likely compounded the bioactivity of the CSL 2010 SH TIV. This was associated with stronger immune responses, which in a proportion of children <5 years were associated with FS. The assays and systems developed during these investigations should greatly assist in determining the bioactivity of new influenza strains, and thus aid with the manufacture of CSL TIVs indicated for use in the paediatric population.
Imaging in the Presence of Prostheses (1996)

There are numerous mechanisms that cause MRI artifacts when imaging near prostheses, but also many methods that can be used in order to reduce or avoid these artifacts. The presence of metal causes severe variations in the otherwise relatively homogeneous static magnetic field, and this causes errors in frequency localization and shortens T 2*. Adverse results include signal loss, imperfect fat suppression, geometric distortion, and bright-signal “pile-up” artifacts. These results can be mitigated by using spin-echo or ultrashort TE imaging, nonfrequency-selective fat suppression, field-map-based distortion correction, or view-angle tilting, as well as advanced excitation and encoding methods.
Sum rate maximizing multigroup multicast beamforming under per-antenna power constraints (2014)

A multi-antenna transmitter that conveys independent sets of common data to distinct groups of users is herein considered, a model known as physical layer multicasting to multiple co-channel groups. In the recently proposed context of per-antenna power constrained multigroup multicasting, the present work focuses on a novel system design that aims at maximizing the total achievable throughput. Towards increasing the system sum rate, the available power resources need to be allocated to well conditioned groups of users. A detailed solution to tackle the elaborate sum rate maximizing, multigroup multicast problem, under per-antenna power constraints is therefore derived. Numerical results are presented to quantify the gains of the proposed algorithm over heuristic solutions. The solution is applied to rayleigh as well as Vandermonde channels. The latter case is typically realised in uniform linear array transmitters operating in the far field, where line-of-sight conditions are realized. In this setting, a sensitivity analysis with respect to the angular separation of co-group users is included. Finally, a simple scenario providing important intuitions for the sum rate maximizing multigroup multicast solutions is elaborated.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of Spiroisoxazolines (2005)

A three-component, one-pot procedure to assemble spiroisoxazolines from commercially available materials in satisfactory to high yields is reported. The final product is the result of a Knoevenagel and two Michael reactions sequence that perhaps is driven by the formation of a nitronate ammonium salt which leads to the final product after acidic workup. In the process, four stereogenic centers are formed with complete control of the relative stereochemistry giving the most thermodynamically stable diastereoisomer as a single isomer.
Feasibility of monolithic and 3D-stacked DC-DC converters for microprocessors in 90nm technology generation (2004)

Rapidly increasing input current of microprocessors resulted in rising cost and motherboard real estate occupied by decoupling capacitors and power routing. We show by analysis that an on-die switching DC-DC converter is feasible for future microprocessor power delivery. The DC-DC converter can be fabricated in an existing CMOS process (90nm-180nm) with a back-end thin-film inductor module. We show that 85% efficiency and 10% output voltage droop can be achieved for 4:1, 3:1, and 2:1 conversion ratios, area overhead of 5% and no additional on-die decoupling capacitance. A 4:1 conversion results in 3.4x smaller input current and 6.8x smaller external decoupling.
Community-Acquired Pneumonia Requiring Hospitalization among U.S. Children (2015)

The burden of hospitalization for children with community-acquired pneumonia was highest among the very young, with respiratory viruses the most commonly detected causes of pneumonia. (Funded by the Influenza Division of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases.).
A reciprocal global education? Working towards a more humanizing pedagogy through critical literacy (2010)

Dehumanizing tendencies within the present neo‐liberal era provide the backdrop against which the authors have developed an 11‐year partnership in the Global South. The economic context encourages competition over community and, while portending to bring people closer together through technological advances, it only facilitates the flow of commerce and capital while stemming the movement of consumers and workers. The authors provide a nuanced historical perspective leading up to the neo‐liberal moment, which notices the emergence of patriarchy, Christianity, racism, and capitalism as particular forms of social control, oppression and dehumanization. Recognizing the constructed nature of these forms, the authors propose community, consciousness, and courage as liberating ways forward towards the creation of an alternative form – a more reciprocal global education. While documenting some of their 11‐year partnership, the authors reveal the contribution of the following theorists who have impacted their praxis: Paul Kivel (social service vs social change), Paul Farmer (charity vs development vs social justice approaches to ‘service’ work), and Paul Gorski (decolonizing intercultural education). The authors conclude by (re)examining their desire to resist neo‐liberal globalizing tendencies towards a more reciprocal global education which expands upon relationships built and focuses on a critical literacy approach though the use of culture circles.
Transcriptome-guided characterization of genomic rearrangements in a breast cancer cell line (2009)

We have identified new genomic alterations in the breast cancer cell line HCC1954, using high-throughput transcriptome sequencing. With 120 Mb of cDNA sequences, we were able to identify genomic rearrangement events leading to fusions or truncations of genes including MRE11 and NSD1, genes already implicated in oncogenesis, and 7 rearrangements involving other additional genes. This approach demonstrates that high-throughput transcriptome sequencing is an effective strategy for the characterization of genomic rearrangements in cancers.
Infringement and Freedom to Operate (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: The Parable of the Knife Types of Infringement Infringement Suits When to Sue an Infringer Freedom to Operate Prior Commercial Use Rights
An integrated architecture for global interconnects in a gigascale system-on-a-chip (GSoC) (2002)

An integrated architecture for global interconnects in a gigascale system-on-a-chip (GSoC) is presented using the models for global signal, clock, and power supply wiring networks. Based on the models for wiring resource demand, noise limit, and bandwidth requirement, an interconnect design plane is proposed. The new design plane demonstrates the limits imposed on global on-chip interconnect physical dimensions for future technology generations.
Real-time monitoring of a photomixing signal using a high-TCJosephson junction (2004)

An optical–microwave conversion system has been proposed as a high-stability oscillator in the microwave and millimetre-wave frequency region. A photomixer with heterodyne mixing of two lasers was applied to generate electromagnetic waves and a high-TC grain boundary Josephson junction detector was used to monitor the frequency of the electromagnetic waves in real time. We described the system in detail; it employed a sealed optical connector to introduce the optical signal directly into the cryostat.
[Ultrastructural localization of dopaminergic receptors in the rat corpus striatum by radioautography using tritiated domperidone]. (1982)

An attempt to localize dopaminergic receptors in the rat neostriatum by high-resolution radioautography was realized using intracerebral injections of the new ligand (antagonist) 3H-domperidone. In tissue regions located far from the injection site, the weaker diffuse radioautographic reaction permitted us to observe the existence of clusters of silver grains over some cerebral structures. The specificity of this type of labelling was tested using intraperitoneal injections of large amounts of haloperidol in order to block the studied receptors. Thus, we observed specific labelling over some nerve terminals as well as a low number of synaptic contact of the asymmetric type (however some synapses of the symmetric type were also labelled). These result agree with our previous work (1), and confirm the existence of dopaminergic synapses in the rat caudate-putamen.
AUDIOSIGNALDENOISINGWITH COMPLEX WAVELETS AND ADAPTIVEBLOCK ATTENUATION (2007)

We investigate anewaudio denoising algorithm. Complex wavelets protect phase ofsignals andarethuspreferred in audio signal processing toreal wavelets. Theblock attenuation eliminates theresidual noise artifacts inreconstructed signals andprovides agoodapproximation oftheattenuation withoracle. A connection between theblock attenuation and thedecision-directed apriori SNRestimator ofEphraim and Malahisstudied. Finally weintroduce anadaptive block technique based onthedyadic CARTalgorithm. Theexperiments showthat notonlytheproposed method doeseliminate the residual noise artifacts, butitalso preserves transients ofsignals better thanshort-time Fourier based methods do. IndexTerms-Complex Wavelets, Block, Ephraim and Malah, CART
Evaluation of the Initial Stages of Gas‐Phase Ethylene Polymerizations with a SiO2‐Supported Ziegler–Natta Catalyst (2009)

Abstract The very early stages of gas‐phase ethylene polymerization on an SiO 2 ‐supported Ziegler–Natta catalyst were studied with the help of a short‐stop reactor. The short‐stop‐reactor‐based technique was useful in studying nascent polymerization, providing insights at very short, controlled times into important phenomena regarding catalyst fragmentation and the activation and deactivation of catalyst sites that take place during the very early stages of the reaction. Experimental results indicate that the growth of the polymer chains occurs at unsteady conditions during the initial stages of the polymerization. Hydrogen has a strong influence on the initial kinetics, leading to a significant decrease of polymerization activity. Polymer crystallinity increases with the reaction time, probably due to the formation of long chains with a high degree of crystallinity. magnified image
Structure and Resonant Characteristics of Amorphous Carbon Pillars Grown by Focused-Ion-Beam-Induced Chemical Vapor Deposition (2002)

The structure and Young's modulus of amorphous carbon pillars were studied using transmission electron microscopy and mechanical vibration. The carbon pillars were grown by Ga+ focused-ion-beam-induced chemical vapor deposition (FIB-CVD) with phenanthrene gas as a precursor. The pillar had a shell structure comprising a Ga-rich core of about 40 nm diameter surrounded by an amorphous carbon shell having a small degree of Ga incorporation. The Young's modulus of the pillars increased up to 600 GPa with decreasing growth rate, and the quality (Q) factors evaluated exceeded 1200. Heat treatment of the pillar segregated the Ga droplets at the surface, and Ga was evaporated by annealing at 700°C. The Young's modulus, however, decreased by about 10% after such annealing.
Magneto-optic Contact for Application in an Amplifying Waveguide Optical Isolator (2006)

We present the development of a metal-semiconductor contact for a TM-mode amplifying waveguide optical isolator and show that it is a compromise between good (magneto-)optical performance and good electrical behavior
RNA Deep Sequencing of Adamantinomatous Craniopharyngioma Reveals Molecular Divergence between Younger and Older Patients (2017)

Introduction: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngiomas (aCP) are usually driven genetically by mutations of the β-catenin pathway. However, these tumors have heterogeneity in clinical aggressiveness and occur along a bimodal age distribution for unclear reasons. Our group recently performed the first RNA deep-sequencing of aCPs, and here we report subset analysis elucidating expression-based molecular differences across the aCP bimodal age distribution.
Multi-Swirler Aerodynamics: Comparison of Different Configurations (2002)

The non-reacting fluid flow fields generated by multi-swirler arrays with two different port configurations were investigated experimentally. These two cases include a co-swirling array, where all swirlers act in the same direction, and a counter-swirling array, where all swirlers alternate between clockwise and counter-clockwise rotations. Each configuration consists of a three by three arrangement of swirlers, which use analogous geometries to generate the swirling flows, i.e. eight discrete jets. For each array, the mean and turbulence velocities were measured at approximately 25,000 discrete spatial locations by a two-component LDV system. Furthermore, the third velocity component was derived based on the symmetric geometry of the arrays. In both cases, the coalescence distance, distance for eight discrete jet streams to form uniform swirling flows, is very short; and each swirler within the arrangement possesses a central recirculation zone. These nine zones have varying strengths depending on the individual swirler location, and some rotate with the swirler direction. In comparison, the co-swirler configuration provides a large unified rotational flow in the same direction as the individual swirlers, while a counter-rotating flow pattern is formed by the other case. Lastly, interactions between the unified flow with that of each swirler in the array are discussed and further comparisons are made between the two cases.