gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A frame buffer system with enhanced functionality (1981)

A video-resolution frame buffer system with 32 bits per pixel is described. The system includes, in addition to standard features for limited zoom and pan, an arithmetic unit at the update port which allows local computation of many frequently-used pixel-level functions combining stored pixel values with incoming pixel values. In addition to the standard arithmetic and logical functions there are functions for sum to maximum pixel value and difference to minimum pixel value. Comparisons between incoming and stored data are used to implement conditional writes based on depth values for depth-buffer algorithms. Update and refresh ports are designed for a wide range of flexibility allowing simultaneous use by separate tasks and various functional rearrangements of the 32-bit pixel words. The memory architecture, refresh and update ports are described. Examples of widely divergent modes of operation are provided.
Distributed circuit models for near-CSP interconnects (2003)

At frequencies beyond 1 GHz, there is a large difference between the on-chip and off-chip performance, since the package behaves as a passive element and influences the electrical behaviour. An accurate model of the package is necessary to predict this off-package behaviour and it serves as an input to the chip designer for 'chip-package co-design'. However, this is not the only requirement from the model. With chip scale packages being re-designed for different RF applications, the package model is expected to accommodate the variable physical dimensions as model parameters - in other words, be scalable. Several papers in the literature use simple and complex lumped element models to represent package interconnections (Z. Yang et al, WESCON/'95, pp. 106-110, 1995; M.F. Caggiano et al, Proc. 48th IEEE ECTC, pp. 1280-1285, 1998) but there are a number of simple distributed models as well (C.Y. Chung, Proc. 47th IEEE ECTC, pp. 304-309, 1997). However, H. Liang et al (Microwave Symp. Dig., IEEE MTT-S Int., vol. 1, pp. 65-68, 2000) proposed a preliminary "hybrid circuit model" for the BGA transition. For lumped element models, apart from suffering from loss of accuracy at high frequencies, it is almost impossible to study the effect of individual components in the overall package interconnect. In this work, we have developed distributed circuit models for two near-CSPs, namely the polymer stud grid array (PSGA) and the ball grid array (BGA). The differences in the model topology are due to the approaches used for the package routing and consequently the mode of signal propagation. Apart from achieving excellent accuracy up to 8 GHz, both the models can be scaled for changes in the physical dimensions of the package interconnect.
Dysregulated left inferior parietal activity in schizophrenia and depression: functional connectivity and characterization (2013)

The inferior parietal cortex (IPC) is a heterogeneous region that is known to be involved in a multitude of diverse different tasks and processes, though its contribution to these often-complex functions is yet poorly understood. In a previous study we demonstrated that patients with depression failed to deactivate the left IPC during processing of congruent audiovisual information. We now found the same dysregulation (same region and condition) in schizophrenia. By using task-independent (resting state) and task-dependent meta-analytic connectivity modeling (MACM) analyses we aimed at characterizing this particular region with regard to its connectivity and function. Across both approaches, results revealed functional connectivity of the left inferior parietal seed region with bilateral IPC, precuneus and posterior cingulate cortex (PrC/PCC), medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), left middle frontal (MFG) as well as inferior frontal (IFG) gyrus. Network-level functional characterization further revealed that on the one hand, all interconnected regions are part of a network involved in memory processes. On the other hand, sub-networks are formed when emotion, language, social cognition and reasoning processes are required. Thus, the IPC-region that is dysregulated in both depression and schizophrenia is functionally connected to a network of regions which, depending on task demands may form sub-networks. These results therefore indicate that dysregulation of left IPC in depression and schizophrenia might not only be connected to deficits in audiovisual integration, but is possibly also associated to impaired memory and deficits in emotion processing in these patient groups.
Wideband echo suppression using an improved bilateral opto-isolator circuit (1985)

In the telephone network, an echo is generated at the hybrid junction that connects four-to two-wire lines. A conventional echo suppressor or canceller is designed on the assumption that the echo is actually induced. In contrast, in our method, using a bilateral opto-isolator circuit, the echo is suppressed at its origin. This bilateral opto-isolator circuit has not only the property of bilateral transmission, but also the same property of suppression of impedance fluctuation as is characteristic of a buffer amplifier. Experimental results show that the degradation of echo return loss can be kept within a few decibels, even under the severe condition that the line impedance changes from being very small to very large. However, the bilateral opto-isolator circuit in previous work had the shortcoming that the operating frequency range showing the effect of echo suppression was narrow (below 1 kHz). In this paper, a method of echo suppression using an improved bilateral opto-isolator circuit is proposed. The operating frequency range is widenend from below 1 kHZ to several tens of kiloHertz.
Nonnegative matrix factorization: a blind spectra separation method for <italic>in vivo</italic> fluorescent optical imaging (2010)

Fluorescence imaging in diffusive media is an emerging imaging modality for medical applications that uses injected fluorescent markers that bind to specific targets, e.g., carcinoma. The region of interest is illuminated with near-IR light and the emitted back fluorescence is analyzed to localize the fluorescence sources. To investigate a thick medium, as the fluorescence signal decreases with the light travel distance, any disturbing signal, such as biological tissues intrinsic fluorescence (called autofluorescence) is a limiting factor. Several specific markers may also be simultaneously injected to bind to different molecules, and one may want to isolate each specific fluorescent signal from the others. To remove the unwanted fluorescence contributions or separate different specific markers, a spectroscopic approach is explored. The nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is the blind positive source separation method we chose. We run an original regularized NMF algorithm we developed on experimental data, and successfully obtain separated in vivo fluorescence spectra.
nal Control oftheBacillus subtilis Succinate Dehydrogenase Operon (1989)

Theamountofsuccinate dehydrogenase (SDH)inBacillus subtilis varies withgrowth conditions. Inthis work we,studied thesteady-state level andtherateofdecayofB.subtilis sdhmRNA underdifferent growth conditions. Inexponentially growingcells, thesteady-state level ofsdhmRNA was severalfold lowerwhen glucose was present compared withgrowth without glucose, whereas therateofdecay ofsdhmRNA was the samewithandwithout glucose. Thus, glucose repression seemstoactbydecreasing sd/mRNA synthesis. Whenthebacteria entered thestationary phase, thesteady-state level ofsdhmRNA dropped aboutsixfold. At the sametime, sdhmRNA half-life decreased from2.6to0.4min.Thisresult indicates thattranscription ofthe sdhoperonisinitiated atthesame rateinexponentially growing andinstationary-phase cells.Thestart point ofthesdhtranscripts, asmeasured byprimer extension, was thesame underallconditions studied, suggesting thatthesdhoperonissolely controlled bythepreviously identified c43-like promoter. Theincrease ofSDH activity instationary phase may beexplained byreduced dilution oftheSDHproteins asaresult oftheretarded growth rate.We suggest thatenhanced degradation ofthesdhtranscript isa means bywhichthebacteria adjust expression tothedemands ofstationary phase. Succinate dehydrogenase [SDH;EC 1.3.99.1, succinate: (acceptor) oxidoreductase] ispresent inallaerobic cells. Itis amembrane-bound enzyme WhichispartofboththeKrebs cycle andtherespiratory chain. SDH iscomposed oftwo subunits ofdifferent size, a flavoprotein (Fp)andan ironsulfur protein (Ip). SDH isanchored totheinner mitochondrial membraneineucaryotic cells andtotheinner sideof thecytoplasmic membraneinbacteria viaa b-type cytochrome (11, 12). InBacillus subtilis, thestructural genes forthethree subunits ofthemembrane-bound SDHcomplex areorganized inan operonwhichistranscribed intheorder sdhC(cytochrome b558), sdhA(Fp), andsdhB(Ip). During exponential growth, thesdhoperonistranscribed froma a43-like promoterinitiating transcription ata guanosine residue 90basepairs upstreamfromthestart codonforsdhC (19). TheamountofSDH activity (andSDH protein) foundin B.subtilis varies withgrowth conditions andgrowth stage. Expression ofthesdhoperonissensitive toglucose repressiot. Whena B.subtilis culture growingintheabsence of glucose approaches stationary phase(defined as timezero [To]), theSDHactivity continues toincrease. Noincrease in SDHactivity isseenduring stationary phase whenglucose is present inthemedium.Neither themechanism ofglucose repression northat oftheincrease inSDHactivity attheend ofgrowth isknown. WhenB.subtilis passesthrough Tointo stationary phase, anumberofnew promoters which aretranscriptionall y silent
LDP failure detection and recovery (2004)

In the last few years, multiprotocol label switching has been successfully, deployed by the majority of service providers worldwide. The label distribution protocol is used in many MPLS networks for distributing labels to establish the label switched paths. This article focuses on LDP failures, namely failures that may occur in LDP while the underlining interior gateway protocol of choice, and the physical connections are operating normally. Since LDP and MPLS in general do not have intrinsic means for detecting these failures, new mechanisms have to be introduced to handle them. Furthermore, the IGP may remain unaware of the LDP failure, and continue to direct traffic to the faulty path. To resolve this situation, coupling between LDP and the routing protocol may have to be introduced. In this article, we discuss all aspects related to handling LDP failures: discovery, location, notification, recovery, and prevention.
Influence of Molecular Structure on O2-Binding Properties and Blood Circulation of Hemoglobin‒Albumin Clusters (2016)

A hemoglobin wrapped covalently by three human serum albumins, a Hb-HSA3 cluster, is an artificial O2-carrier with the potential to function as a red blood cell substitute. This paper describes the synthesis and O2-binding properties of new hemoglobin‒albumin clusters (i) bearing four HSA units at the periphery (Hb-HSA4, large-size variant) and (ii) containing an intramolecularly crosslinked Hb in the center (XLHb-HSA3, high O2-affinity variant). Dynamic light scattering measurements revealed that the Hb-HSA4 diameter is greater than that of either Hb-HSA3 or XLHb-HSA3. The XLHb-HSA3 showed moderately high O2-affinity compared to the others because of the chemical linkage between the Cys-93(β) residues in Hb. Furthermore, the blood circulation behavior of 125I-labeled clusters was investigated by assay of blood retention and tissue distribution after intravenous administration into anesthetized rats. The XLHb-HSA3 was metabolized faster than Hb-HSA3 and Hb-HSA4. Results suggest that the molecular structure of the protein cluster is a factor that can influence in vivo circulation behavior.
Cyclometalated metal–organic frameworks as stable and reusable heterogeneous catalysts for allylic N-alkylation of amines (2013)

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) functionalized via Ir(I) cyclometalation are shown to be effective as heterogeneous catalysts for the allylic N-alkylation of various amines. The MOF catalysts are one of the first and most effective MOF-based heterogeneous organometallic catalysts for the direct formation of C-N bonds. In addition, these MOFs represent a rare, stable and reusable, class of reactive Ir catalysts.
Simultaneous activation of p53 and inhibition of XIAP enhance the activation of apoptosis signaling pathways in AML (2009)

Activation of p53 by murine double minute (MDM2) antagonist nutlin-3a or inhibition of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. We demonstrate that concomitant inhibition of MDM2 by nutlin-3a and of XIAP by small molecule antagonists synergistically induced apoptosis in p53 wild-type OCI-AML3 and Molm13 cells. Knockdown of p53 by shRNA blunted the synergy, and down-regulation of XIAP by antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) enhanced nutlin-3a-induced apoptosis, suggesting that the synergy was mediated by p53 activation and XIAP inhibition. This is supported by data showing that inhibition of both MDM2 and XIAP by their respective ASOs induced significantly more cell death than either ASO alone. Importantly, p53 activation and XIAP inhibition enhanced apoptosis in blasts from patients with primary AML, even when the cells were protected by stromal cells. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that XIAP inhibition potentiates p53-induced apoptosis by decreasing p53-induced p21 and that p53 activation enhances XIAP inhibition-induced cell death by promoting mitochondrial release of second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) and by inducing the expression of caspase-6. Because both XIAP and p53 are presently being targeted in ongoing clinical trials in leukemia, the combination strategy holds promise for expedited translation into the clinic.
An Optimal Multivariable Control Strategy for Inductive Power Transfer Systems to Improve Efficiency (2020)

Efficiency of wireless power transfer systems, based on inductive power transfer (IPT) technology, suffers significantly due to coil misalignment and load variations. Although numerous control strategies have been proposed in the past to improve the efficiency under these conditions, a technique that utilizes all freedoms of control simultaneously to maximize efficiency is yet to be reported. This article therefore proposes a multivariable control strategy that uses the optimal combination of all control variables to maximize the efficiency of IPT systems when regulating power and even under large coil misalignments and load variations. The article presents a comprehensive mathematical model, describing the underlying theory of the proposed optimal control philosophy, and investigates the performance and limitations of the proposed technique under wide range of operating conditions. To demonstrate the improvement in performance, theoretical results are presented in comparison to those obtained from a 1-kW prototype bidirectional IPT system, and also benchmarking against conventional control techniques. Results convincingly indicate that the proposed optimal control strategy regulates power at maximum efficiency despite large coil misalignments and load variations.
Pathway-Dependent Structures of DNA-Wrapped Carbon Nanotubes: Direct Sonication vs Surfactant/DNA Exchange (2020)

DNA/single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) hybrids have attracted significant interest due to their ability for SWCNT separation and their use as promising agents in biosensing and bioimaging applications. In order to perform such SWCNT separation and for application development, special DNA sequences are needed that have an ability to recognize specific chiral SWCNT. So far, sequence screening has relied on various sorting methods which are costly and time-consuming. Recently, a simple new and rapid way to produce DNA-SWCNT hybrids was reported using replacement of strong surfactant on SWCNT by DNA, aided by methanol. However, little is known about the nature of the exchange mechanism. Here, we investigated the kinetics of the process of replacing surfactant by DNA, aided by methanol. We propose a mechanistic model to analyze and extract the activation energy of the exchange process. We find that some recognition sequences have significantly different activation energies for different species of SWCNTs, while some sequences do not. Hybrids obtained via the surfactant replacement route were compared with those obtained by direct sonication using aqueous two-phase (ATP) separation and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. We found that hybrids obtained by the two routes show the same separability as well as PL spectra for some sequences, but not for some other sequences. Thus, it appears that the replacement process does not always produce the same structure of DNA-SWCNT as produced by traditional direct sonication. Taking all the experimental findings into consideration, we propose a free energy diagram for DNA-SWCNT hybrid formation by surfactant replacement.
Influence of Supramolecular Template Organization on Mineralization (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTInfluence of Supramolecular Template Organization on MineralizationArkadi L. Litvin, Lynne A. Samuelson, Deborah H. Charych, Wayne Spevak, and David L. KaplanCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 32, 12065–12068Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100032a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100032a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Degradation and failure of organic light-emitting devices (2002)

The degradation and failure of organic light-emitting device are observed via optical microscopy. The “degraded area” has been identified to be made up of three regions: (1) a dark spot at the center, (2) a nonemitting area forming the core, and (3) a weakly emitting area surrounding the core. It is found that due to metal migration, as evidenced from the secondary ion mass spectrometry profiles, the indium tin oxide/polymer interface roughens during operation. The intense local current at sharp points degrades the polymer causing the formation of the dark center. Further current stress caused the central core to carbonize which may lead to short and/or open circuits accompanied by fluctuations in the device current.
Receptor-binding properties of gonadotropin-releasing hormone derivatives. Prolonged receptor occupancy and cell-surface localization of a potent antagonist analog. (1984)

The receptor-binding properties and in vitro biological effects of a highly active gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist, [N-acetyl-D-p-chloro-Phe1,2D-Trp3,D-Lys6,D-Ala10]GnRH, were compared with those of the GnRH superagonist analog, [D-Ala6] des-Gly10-GnRH-N-ethylamide. In rat pituitary particles and isolated pituitary cells, the 125I-labeled GnRH antagonist showed saturable high-affinity binding (Ka v 8.4 +/- 1.4 X 10(9) M-1) to the same receptor sites which bound the GnRH agonist. The rate of dissociation of the receptor-bound antagonist from pituitary particles and cells was extremely slow in comparison with that of the agonist ligand. Also, dissociation of the antagonist analog was incomplete, with a residual fraction of tightly bound ligand that was proportional to the duration of preincubation. The [D-Lys6]GnRH antagonist prevented GnRH-induced luteinizing hormone release during static incubation and superfusion of cultured pituitary cells, but in contrast to the agonist did not cause desensitization of the gonadotroph. Although the antagonist caused a prolonged reduction in available GnRH receptor sites, this was attributable to persistent occupancy by the slowly dissociating ligand rather than to receptor loss. Autoradiographic analysis of [D-Lys6]GnRH-antagonist uptake by cultured pituitary cells revealed that the peptide remained bound at the cell membrane for up to 2 h, in contrast with the rapid endocytosis of GnRH agonists. The slow dissociation of receptor-bound antagonist was consistent with its ability to cause sustained blockade of GnRH actions, and its prolonged cell-surface location suggests that receptor activation is necessary to initiate the rapid internalization of hormone-receptor complexes that is a feature of the agonist-stimulated gonadotroph.
Status of the ESA Pretty Mission (2020)

PRETTY is a 3U Cubesat mission by a consortium of Technical University Graz, Seibersdorf Laboratories and RUAG Space GmbH with a planned launch in 2022. The satellite is based on the OPS-SAT platform [1] and will host two payloads, a radiation monitor and a passive reflectometer. Within the present publication we will discuss the current status of the reflectometer payload including the most relevant risks and also their mitigation by prototype developments and measurements. A first operational version of the instrument using commercial off the shelf (COTS) demonstration boards, hosting flight representative components for the RF front end as well as for the digital signal processing has been assembled and integrated with the corresponding hard- and software. While measurement results based on using the output of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) simulator as input to the PRETTY instrument have been presented earlier, we focus within this publication on the result of field tests on representative hardware in order to evaluate the expected L1 band environment for the mission.