gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematopathologic and cytogenetic findings in imatinib mesylate–treated chronic myelogenous leukemia patients: 14 months' experience (2002)

Imatinib mesylate, an Abl kinase inhibitor, produces sustained complete hematologic responses (CHRs) in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) patients, but the sequence and timing of morphologic and cytogenetic changes in CML patients during prolonged imatinib mesylate treatment has not been described. In this report, we document sequential hematologic and bone marrow findings in 19 interferon-refractory/interferon-intolerant chronic phase CML patients on imatinib mesylate for at least 14 months. Patients treated at an effective oral dose (300 to 600 mg per day) were followed with peripheral blood (PB) counts, marrow examination, and cytogenetic studies at 0, 2, 5, 8, 11, and 14 months. By 2 months, 17 of 19 patients achieved CHR; 1 reached CHR by 5 months, and 1 at 11 months. Five of 19 patients developed cytopenias requiring treatment interruption and/or dose reduction, but all were able to continue in CHR on study. In contrast to interferon-alfa treatment, imatinib mesylate-treated CML patients achieved not only CHR but complete morphologic marrow response. Normalization of marrow lagged behind PB response; however, by 8 months, all marrows showed normal or reduced cellularity without morphologic evidence of CML. Eighteen of 19 patients continued in CHR and morphologic marrow remission at 14 months; 1 patient relapsed with chronic phase CML. Although hematologic and marrow responses were uniform, cytogenetic responses were variable. Complete cytogenetic responses occurred in 6 patients, with 4 also in remission by fluorescent in situ hybridization and/or reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Six of 19 had partial and 7 of 19 no cytogenetic response. Several patients acquired additional clonal cytogenetic abnormalities during therapy, a finding with significant implications for prognosis and laboratory monitoring in imatinib mesylate-treated CML patients.
Traveling-wave photodetector theory (1997)

Photodetector efficiency decreases as bandwidth increases, Bandwidth-efficiency limitations of traveling-wave photodetectors (TWPDs) are substantially greater than those of lumped-element photodetectors because the velocity-mismatch bandwidth limitation is independent of device length. TWPDs can be long for high efficiency without significantly compromising bandwidth. The TWPD is modeled by a terminated section of transmission line with a position-dependent photocurrent source propagating on it at the optical group velocity. A wave model for the transmission line confirms the accuracy of an equivalent-circuit model for electrical wave propagation. The velocity-mismatch impulse and frequency response are determined by absorption coefficient and wave velocities rather than junction capacitance and load resistance. The velocity-mismatch bandwidth limitations can be written in a simple form which elucidates the factors affecting device response, A discretized periodic TWPD is described by the same equations as the fully distributed version. This more complicated device offers additional degrees of freedom in design and potentially improved performance.
Lens-free microscopy of cerebrospinal fluid for the laboratory diagnosis of meningitis (2018)

The cytology of the cerebrospinal fluid is traditionally performed by an operator (physician, biologist) by means of a conventional light microscope. The operator visually counts the leukocytes (white blood cells) present in a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (10 &mu;l). It is a tedious job and the result is operator-dependent. Here in order to circumvent the limitations of manual counting, we approach the question of numeration of erythrocytes and leukocytes for the cytological diagnosis of meningitis by means of lens-free microscopy. In a first step, a prospective counts of leukocytes was performed by five different operators using conventional optical microscopy. The visual counting yielded an overall 16.7&percnt; misclassification of 72 cerebrospinal fluid specimens in meningitis/non-meningitis categories using a 10 leukocyte/&mu;L cut-off. In a second step, the lens-free microscopy algorithm was adapted step-by-step for counting cerebrospinal fluid cells and discriminating leukocytes from erythrocytes. The optimization of the automatic lens-free counting was based on the prospective analysis of 215 cerebrospinal fluid specimens. The optimized algorithm yielded a 100&percnt; sensitivity and a 86&percnt; specificity compared to confirmed diagnostics. In a third step, a blind lens-free microscopic analysis of 116 cerebrospinal fluid specimens, including six cases of microbiology confirmed infectious meningitis, yielded a 100&percnt; sensitivity and a 79&percnt; specificity. Adapted lens-free microscopy is thus emerging as an operator-independent technique for the rapid numeration of leukocytes and erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid. In particular, this technique is well suited to the rapid diagnosis of meningitis at point-of-care laboratories.
Particle image velocimetry correlation signal-to-noise ratio metrics and measurement uncertainty quantification (2014)

In particle image velocimetry (PIV) the measurement signal is contained in the recorded intensity of the particle image pattern superimposed on a variety of noise sources. The signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) strength governs the resulting PIV cross correlation and ultimately the accuracy and uncertainty of the resulting PIV measurement. Hence we posit that correlation SNR metrics calculated from the correlation plane can be used to quantify the quality of the correlation and the resulting uncertainty of an individual measurement. In this paper we present a framework for evaluating the correlation SNR using a set of different metrics, which in turn are used to develop models for uncertainty estimation. The SNR metrics and corresponding models presented herein are expanded to be applicable to both standard and filtered correlations. In addition, the notion of a valid measurement is redefined with respect to the correlation peak width in order to be consistent with uncertainty quantification principles and distinct from an outlier measurement. Finally the type and significance of the error distribution function is investigated. These advancements lead to robust uncertainty estimation models, which are tested against both synthetic benchmark data as well as actual experimental measurements. For all cases considered here, standard uncertainties are estimated at the 68.5% confidence level while expanded uncertainties are estimated at 95% confidence level. For all cases the resulting calculated coverage factors approximate the expected theoretical values thus demonstrating the applicability of these new models for estimation of uncertainty for individual PIV measurements.
Laser à semi-conducteur de haute cohérence de forte puissance accordable pour applications photoniques (2011)

International audience
Chronic, Twice-Daily Dosing of an NK2 Receptor Agonist [Lys 5 ,MeLeu 9 ,Nle 10 ]-NKA(4-10), Produces Consistent Drug-Induced Micturition and Defecation in Chronic Spinal Rats (2019)

Acute administration of [Lys5,Me,Leu9,Nle10]-NKA(4-10) (LMN-NKA) produces contractions of the detrusor and rectum with voiding in intact and acutely spinal cord injured (SCI) rats. In the current study, the ability of LMN-NKA (10 μg/kg or 100 μg/kg, subcutaneous [SC], twice a day [bid]) or vehicle to induce voiding and defecation in chronic SCI rats was examined across 30 days. After the last day of administration, voiding response rates and bladder pressure (BP) responses to LMN-NKA (intravenous [IV] and SC) were evaluated under anesthesia. In conscious rats, LMN-NKA (100 μg/kg) produced dose-dependent micturition within 5 min, with response rates >90%, and voiding efficiency >80% in males and >60% in females, which remained stable across the 1-month test period. Similarly, LMN-NKA administration rapidly induced defecation, which also remained stable. Under anesthesia, LMN-NKA increased BP, voiding efficiency, and voiding response rates, which reached 100% at 3 and 10 μg/kg IV in males and females, respectively. SC administration produced 100% response rates in males (30 μg/kg) but only 71% in females (100 μg/kg). Efficacy in rats chronically treated with LMN-NKA was similar to naïve and vehicle-treated rats, except for reduced voiding efficiency in chronically dosed female rats (100 μg/kg). No differences in bladder weights or collagen-to-smooth muscle ratios in histological sections were seen between the groups. Thus neither tolerance, nor sensitization, to LMN-NKA-induced micturition and defecation occurs with chronic administration in rats with chronic SCI. Efficacy was higher in male than in female rats.
All-optical switching in silicon photonic waveguides with an epsilon-near-zero resonant cavity [Invited] (2018)

Strong nonlinearity of plasmonic metamaterials can be designed near their effective plasma frequency in the epsilon-near-zero (ENZ) regime. We explore the realization of an all-optical modulator based on the Au nonlinearity using an ENZ cavity formed by a few Au nanorods inside a Si photonic waveguide. The resulting modulator has robust performance with a modulation depth of about 30 dB/μm and loss less than 0.8 dB for switching energies below 600 fJ. The modulator provides a double advantage of high mode transmission and strong nonlinearity enhancement in the few-nanorod-based design.
ADC sampling reduction by an efficient implementation of queue application to X‐ray spectrometry imagers (2016)

In a high‐speed digital X‐ray imager, each pixel in the matrix needs an analogue‐to‐digital converter (ADC) in order to assess the energy of the randomly incoming photons. The analogue‐to‐digital (AD) conversion rate is thus highly dependent on the photon flux parameters, i.e. its mean and its standard deviation. In classic designs, this rate is often set to ten times the maximum photon flux mean, which requires high‐speed ADCs. The use of a queue to derandomise the photon flux prior to the AD conversion and so allow the ADC sampling frequency to be decreased to the maximum photon flux mean value instead of ten times that value is proposed. An electronic circuit has been designed and the simulations results show a behaviour close to the theoretical model: at the cost of an additional queue block, reduced speed can be achieved, leading to a lower consumption and an easier integration.
Rapid 18F-labeling via Pd-catalyzed S-arylation in aqueous medium (2021)

We report radiolabeling of thiol-containing substrates via Pd-catalyzed S-arylation with 2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-5-iodopyridine, which is readily accessible using the "minimalist" radiofluorination method. The practicality of the procedure was confirmed by preparation of a novel PSMA-specific PET-tracer as well as labeling of glutathione, Aβ oligomer-binding RD2 peptide, bovine serum albumin and PSMA I&S.
ChemInform Abstract: RING SIZE EFFECTS AMONG METAL COMPLEXES WITH MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS. THE KINETICS OF AQUATION OF DICHLOROTETRAAMINE COMPLEXES OF COBALT(III) INVOLVIN MACROCYCLIC LIGANDS (1977)

Abstract Die Kinetik der Aquotisierung und Isomerisierung der Co(III)‐Komplex in saurer Lösung mit den unsubstituierten, gesättigten Tetraazamakrocyclen (I), di lediglich in der Ringgröße variieren, werden diskutiert.
AlphaSeq: Sequence Discovery with Deep Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Sequences play an important role in many applications and systems. Discovering sequences with desired properties has long been an interesting intellectual pursuit. This paper puts forth a new paradigm, AlphaSeq, to discover desired sequences algorithmically using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques. AlphaSeq treats the sequence discovery problem as an episodic symbol-filling game, in which a player fills symbols in the vacant positions of a sequence set sequentially during an episode of the game. Each episode ends with a completely-filled sequence set, upon which a reward is given based on the desirability of the sequence set. AlphaSeq models the game as a Markov Decision Process (MDP), and adapts the DRL framework of AlphaGo to solve the MDP. Sequences discovered improve progressively as AlphaSeq, starting as a novice, learns to become an expert game player through many episodes of game playing. Compared with traditional sequence construction by mathematical tools, AlphaSeq is particularly suitable for problems with complex objectives intractable to mathematical analysis. We demonstrate the searching capabilities of AlphaSeq in two applications: 1) AlphaSeq successfully rediscovers a set of ideal complementary codes that can zero-force all potential interferences in multi-carrier CDMA systems. 2) AlphaSeq discovers new sequences that triple the signal-to-interference ratio -- benchmarked against the well-known Legendre sequence -- of a mismatched filter estimator in pulse compression radar systems.
An Improved Procedure for the Large Scale Preparation of 5-Bromo-2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid [5-Bromo-3-Carboxy-2(1H)-Pyridone] (2002)

Bromination of 2-hydroxynicotinic acid is conveniently carried out on a large scale using sodium hypobromite generated from sodium bromide and commercial bleach solution. This procedure safely provides high yields of pure 5-bromo-2-hydroxynicotinic acid [5-bromo-3-carboxy-2(1H)-pyridone], without use of hazardous elemental bromine.
Pacing and Defibrillation (2021)

Understanding cardiac pacing requires an intimate consideration of two key elements: stimulation threshold and sensing. The chronaxie is important in the clinical practice of pacing because it approximates the point of minimum threshold energy required for myocardial depolarization. One can specifically consider the situation of postdefibrillation pacing, when stimulation thresholds may be increased due to tissue ischemia during the preceding tachyarrhythmia or at the time of defibrillation. Certain drugs used in patients with cardiac disease may also increase pacing thresholds. Newer pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators that can support higher current drains for capacitor charging and high-rate antitachycardia pacing use lithium–silver oxide–vanadium chemistries. In unipolar pacing systems, the lead tip functions as the cathode and the pulse generator as the anode. In bipolar systems, the lead tip serves as the cathode and a lead ring acts as the anode.
Accelerating image reconstruction in ultrasound transmission tomography using L-BFGS algorithm (2019)

In ultrasound transmission tomography, image reconstruction is an inverse problem which is solved iteratively based on a forward model that simulates the wave propagation of ultrasound. A commonly used forward model is paraxial approximation of the Helmholtz equation, which is time-consuming. Hence developing optimizers that minimize the number of forward solutions is crucial to achieve clinically acceptable reconstruction time, while the state-of-the-art methods in this field such as Gauss-Newton conjugate gradient (CG) and nonlinear CG are not capable of reaching this goal. To that end, we focus on Jacobian-free optimizers or accelerators in this paper, since the computation of the Jacobian is expensive. We investigate the limited memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L-BFGS) algorithm as a preconditioning technique due to its ability to efficiently approximate inverse Hessian without performing forward model or its adjoint. We show L-BFGS can reach a speedup of more than one order of magnitude for the noise-free case, while the method still halves the reconstruction time in presence of noise in the data. The performance drop is explained by perturbed gradients due to noise in the data. We also show when used alone as a quasi-Newton method, L-BFGS is competitive with the accelerated CG based methods regarding the number of iterations, and outperforms them regarding reconstruction time.
Tailerons for Aeroelastic Stability and Control of Flexible Wings (2023)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2023-3951.vid Tailerons are actuated aerodynamic surfaces used for roll control of flexible wings, which have several benefits relative to traditional aileron control. These include elimination of torsional divergence and favorable changes to control reversal constraints. Both reduce the need for wing torsional stiffness, which can lead to significant weight savings. This work extends classical 2D aeroelastic bending-torsion section theory to include the effect of tailerons and derives the aeroelastic constraints needed to design wings with tailerons. A point design study based on the wing of the Dawn One solar aircraft is then conducted to illustrate the benefits of tailerons over traditional aileron control in such an aircraft. Here, replacing ailerons with tailerons reduces the required wing torsional stiffness by a factor of 4. An aerostructural ASWING analysis for the entire aircraft is used to validate key findings of the 2D theory, and to evaluate operationally-relevant limits of taileron-based control. We then generalize these results for aircraft designers by estimating the relative net weight benefit of tailerons vs. ailerons purely as a function of high-level conceptual aircraft design variables. In some cases, mass savings in excess of 6% of aircraft gross mass are found.
Predictions of segmented thermoelectric unicouples performance at hot temperatures ≤873 K and cold temperature of 298 K (2003)

The performance of segmented thermoelectric unicouples (STUs) for terrestrial energy conversion applications is optimized both for maximizing efficiency and electrical power density. The STUs operate at cold side temperature of 298 K and hot side temperatures of 873 K, 773 K and 673 K. The composition, number, and length of the segments in the n- and p-legs change with the hot side temperature. However, the number of segments in the STUs optimized for maximum power density is generally fewer than in those optimized for maximum efficiency. For a hot side temperature of 873 K, assuming zero contact resistance, the optimized STU for maximum efficiency operates at a peak efficiency of 15% and peak electrical power of 0.34 W/sub e/, versus only 13% and 0.48 W/sub e/, respectively, when optimized for maximum electric power density. When the contact resistance per leg increases to 150-/spl mu//spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/, the peak efficiencies decrease to 13.3% and 10.9%, respectively.
Crystallization of Polypropylene and Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) (1998)

1. INTRODUCTION The prediction of polymer crystallization behavior at a reasonable semiquantitative level of accuracy is important in assessing processability and performance. For example, in both polypropylene (PP) [1–3] and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), the interplay of the effects of rheology and crystallization kinetics under various types of fabrication conditions is crucial in determining the semicrystalline morphology. In turn, morphology affects the mechanical, optical, and gas barrier properties of the fabricated articles. On the other hand, since many important plastics fabrication processes are carried out with the polymer in semicrystalline state (below the crystalline melting temperature, but above the amorphous glass transition temperature), while others are carried out from the melt and above the recrystallization temperature, the crystallization kinetics and the morphology, in turn, also affect the processing of the polymer by these fabrication methods.
Data from A Role for the <i>WWOX</i> Gene in Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Expression of the &lt;i&gt;WWOX&lt;/i&gt; gene, encompassing the common chromosome fragile site FRA16D, is altered in a large fraction of cancers of various types, including prostate cancer. We have examined expression and biological functions of WWOX in prostate cancer. WWOX mRNA and protein expression were significantly reduced in prostate cancer-derived cells (LNCaP, DU145, and PC-3) compared with noncancer prostate cells (PWR-1E), and WWOX expression was reduced in 84% of prostate cancers, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Down-modulation of WWOX expression in the prostate cancer-derived cells is due to DNA hypermethylation in the WWOX regulatory region. Treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (AZA), a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor, and trichostatin A, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, led to increased WWOX mRNA and protein expression in prostate cancer-derived cells, most strikingly in DU145 cells. Transfection-mediated WWOX overexpression in DU145 cells suppressed colony growth (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.0012), and WWOX overexpression by infection with Ad-WWOX virus induced apoptosis through a caspase-dependent mechanism and suppressed cell growth. Lastly, ectopic expression of WWOX by Ad-WWOX infection suppressed tumorigenicity of xenografts in nude mice, and intratumoral AZA treatment halted tumor growth. The data are consistent with a role for WWOX as a prostate cancer tumor suppressor and suggest that WWOX signal pathways should be further investigated in normal and cancerous prostate cells and tissues. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(13): 6477-81)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Aeration‐Induced Circulation From Line Sources II: Dissolved Oxygen Variations (1987)

Dissolved oxygen buildup from aeration manifolds in a laboratory channel is shown to be uniform with vertical and lateral position in the primary circulation cell which extends to four times the depth. The influence of aeration rate on the rate of dissolved oxygen buildup is shown to follow a simple firstorder model, whose time constant varies with aeration rate per unit length to the -0.8 power for each of three different manifolds. While the details of manifold design are important for oxygen transfer, they have little influence on the circulation except at very low rates. When combined with the detailed flow measurements presented separately these dissolved oxygen buildup results provide a more complete picture of line source aeration than available from previous studies.
Author response: Synergistic interactions with PI3K inhibition that induce apoptosis (2017)

A geneome-scale shRNA screen identifies five genes whose suppression promotes cell death upon PI3K inhibition both in vitro and in vivo, thus suggesting potential combination therapies involving PI3K inhibition.
A PROSPECTIVE COMPARISON OF ENTEROCLYSIS AND CAPSULE ENDOSCOPY IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF OBSCURE GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING (2003)

s Submitted for the 68th Annual Scientific Meeting of the American College of Gastroenterology October 10-15, 2003, Baltimore, Maryland: SMALL INTESTINE/UNCLASSIFIED: PDF Only