gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pivaloxy decarboxylates less rapidly than propionoxy: steric retardation of the decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylate radicals (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPivaloxy decarboxylates less rapidly than propionoxy: steric retardation of the decarboxylation of aliphatic carboxylate radicalsDonald D. May and Philip S. SkellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 16, 4500–4502Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00380a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views134Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (318 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Simulation of dielectric relaxation and conduction of non-ferroelectric perovskite thin films (2002)

Many applications for dielectric and ferroelectric perovskite thin films were proposed and developed in recent years. Examples are integrated electroceramic devices such as high-density memories, integrated capacitors, pyroelectric IR sensors and piezoelectric microactuators. Since fast dielectric response, low leakage currents, and long life-times are important for the quality and reliability of devices, it is necessary to study the signal response of the films in the time regime from nanoseconds for fast operation to weeks or months in life test experiments. To get further insight into thin films, the simulation of their electrical properties is a very helpful tool. It gives us the opportunity to change parameters of the sample, such as the high-frequency capacitance or the leakage resistance, as well as parameters of the experiment, e.g. the voltage-step amplitude or the slope of a voltage-ramp and to study the influence of any change without the necessity of the experimental procedure. The simulation provides an aid for anticipating electrical tests into regimes which are difficult to access. Most important, the simulation permits the separation of response contributions which cannot be separated experimentally, and, thus, it helps to understand the relationships between film parameters and physical processes.
Wind Turbines Spacing Guidelines Review and Wake Region Analysis Based on a CFD Simulation of a Wind Turbine Blade (2022)

Abstract Guidelines for Wind Turbine Generators (WTG) spacing are not consistent. Several authors have proposed different rules of thumb for such spacing in order to find the minimum distance between WTGs while avoiding the wake effects downwind from each unit which would reduce the overall efficiency of a wind farm. There is an economic impact due to WTG spacing as development land (on-shore or off-shore) may be limited in some cases hence benefitting from maximizing the number of WTG units per area while retaining each unit's performance. While WTG spacing may need case-by-case analysis especially for challenging topographies, there is room for improvement on WTG spacing even while using some of the available commercial software. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is an essential tool that can help understand the coupled fluid-WTG interactions as the wind affects turbines blades deformation and stresses, and as the WTG creates a wake region downwind of each unit, so potentially diminishing the performance of other units. A CFD model has been used as a tool to understand the interactions of the wind turbine blades with the wind flow domain and its effects on velocity streams and turbulence decay. The model only includes the effects of the blades, and it assumes that the effects of the tower, nacelle and other components are negligeable. Results from the CFD model show insights in the development of velocity streamlines from the interaction against the turbine blades and how the streamlines evolve downwind in the near vicinity a few rotor diameters immediately after the WTG location. Additionally, mapping of the eddy viscosity in the same region downwind the WTG, provides information pertinent to the turbulence created by the interaction between the wind and the blades and how this turbulence is dissipated as a function of distance from the WTG until reaching values similar to the upstream and far distance conditions. The use of CFD, although computationally demanding for simulations of the scale of a wind turbine farm, can provide more details to improve the guidelines and rules of thumb used in the literature by monitoring other fundamental fluid mechanics variables including the eddy viscosity. Improvements on future wind turbine farms spacing criteria should include a combination of experimental data, large-scale modeling and detailed CFD modeling results in the near region downwind of a WTG as each of these approaches may help to achieve a more robust and complete guideline.
<title>Integrating a complex electronic system in a small-scale autonomous instrumented robot: the NanoWalker project</title> (1999)

The NanoWalker project is an attempt to explore a new approach in the development of various instruments. The idea is to build a small autonomous robot capable of nanometer range motions that will provide a standard platform for new miniaturized embedded instruments. This modular approach will allow easy expansion in instrumentation capability through the use of an arbitrary number of NanoWalkers which would perform similar or different measurement simultaneously on various samples. To do so, a fair amount of electronics must be embedded for infrared wireless communication, processing, support for the embedded instrument, and accurate control and drive capability for the piezo-actuated motion system. Miniaturization of the whole assembly is also a key characteristic to allow more robots to operate simultaneously within smaller surface areas. As such, new assembly techniques applicable to small volume production must be used to achieve the smallest possible implementation. The integration phase within the technological constraints is complicated by the fact that several factors such as the weight and weight distribution of the electronic assembly will have a direct impact on the very sensitive motion behavior of the robot. The NanoWalker is briefly described with the integration phases and the requirements that must be met by the assembly process.
Software assurance for systems of systems (2010)

Justified confidence in system and SoS behavior requires software assurance theories and principles that don't exist today. Using such theories and principles, organizations would have a better basis for confidence in deployed system behavior, and at the same time, these theories and principles could be used to make the assurance process more efficient and effective.
A Single-Processor Approach to Speech Processing Pipeline of Bilateral Cochlear Implants (2014)

This dissertation covers a single-processor approach to the speech processing pipeline of bilateral Cochlear Implants (CIs). The use of only a single processor to provide binaural stimulation signals overcomes the synchronization problem, which is an existing challenging problem in the deployment of bilateral CI devices. The developed single-processor speech processing pipeline provides CI users with a sense of directionality. Its non-synchronization feature as well as low computational and memory requirements make it a suitable solution for actual deployment. A speech enhancement framework is developed that incorporates different non-Euclidean speech distortion criteria and different noise environments. This framework not only allows the design of environment-optimized parameters but also enables a user-specific solution where the anthropometric measurements of an individual user are incorporated into the training process to obtain individualized bilateral parameters. The developed techniques are primarily meant for bilateral CIs, however, they are general purpose in the sense that they are also applicable to binaural hearing aids, bimodal devices having hearing aid in one ear and cochlear implant in the other ear as well as dual-channel speech enhancement applications. Extensive experiments have shown the effectiveness of the developed solution in six commonly encountered noise environments compared to a similar one-channel pipeline when using two separate processors or when using independent sequential processing.
Platinum‐Containing Polyoxometalates: syn‐ and anti‐[PtII2(α‐PW11O39)2]10− and Formation of the Metal–Metal‐Bonded di‐PtIII Derivatives (2016)

The first examples of dimeric, di-Pt(II) -containing heteropolytungstates are reported. The two isomeric di-platinum(II)-containing 22-tungsto-2-phosphates [anti-Pt(II)2(α-PW11O39)2](10-) (1 a) and [syn-Pt(II)2(α-PW11O39)2](10-) (2 a) were synthesized in aqueous pH 3.5 medium using one-pot procedures. Polyanions 1 a and 2 a contain a core comprising two face-on PtO4 units, with a Pt⋅⋅⋅Pt distance of 2.9-3 Å. Both polyanions were investigated by single-crystal XRD, IR, TGA, UV/Vis, (31) P NMR, ESI-MS, CID-MS/MS, electrochemistry, and DFT. On the basis of DFT and electrochemistry, we demonstrated that the {Pt2(II)} moiety in 1 a and 2 a can undergo fully reversible two-electron oxidation to {Pt2(III)}, accompanied by formation of a single Pt-Pt bond. Hence we have discovered the novel subclass of Pt(III)-containing heteropolytungstates.
Transforming the Field of Physical Optics (2009)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Alexander V. Kildishev and Vladimir M. Shalaev, "Transforming the Field of Physical Optics," Optics & Photonics News 20(12), 38-38 (2009) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
IDDF2022-ABS-0226 Long-term risk of hepatocellular carcinoma and hepatic decompensation after hepatitis B surface antigen seroclearance: a territory-wide cohort of 9,769 patients (2022)

<h3>Background</h3> To evaluate the long-term risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and hepatic decompensation in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients who cleared hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). <h3>Methods</h3> All adult CHB monoinfected patients who achieved HBsAg seroclearance between January 2000 and June 2021 were identified using a territory-wide electronic healthcare database managed by Hospital Authority, Hong Kong. Patients with liver transplantation and/or HCC before HBsAg loss or follow-up less than 6 months were excluded. Hepatic decompensation included ascites, variceal bleeding, hepatic encephalopathy, hepatorenal syndrome, spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, liver transplantation, and liver-related mortality. The comparison of patients before and after year 7 of HBsAg loss was handled by clustered data in the Fine-Gray model. <h3>Results</h3> 9,769 CHB patients who cleared HBsAg at a mean age of 57 years (60.0% male, 5.7% cirrhosis) were identified; most patients had compensated liver function at HBsAg seroclearance. At a mean follow-up of 5.4 ± 3.7 years, 106 (1.1%) patients developed HCC. Patients who developed HCC were older, more likely to be male and cirrhotic, and had higher alanine aminotransferase, and lower platelets than patients without HCC development. The cumulative incidence of HCC remained steady in 0–7 and 8–12 years after HBsAg loss (<i>P</i>=0.898) (crude annual incidence reduction: -0.04%, 95% CI -0.13%–0.04%, <i>P</i>=0.265) (IDDF2022-ABS-0226 Figures 1A. Cumulative incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, IDDF2022-ABS-0226 Figure 1B. Crude annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma). Meanwhile, 124/9,640 (1.3%) patients without prior hepatic decompensation developed hepatic decompensation. The cumulative incidence of hepatic decompensation decelerated in 8–12 years after the first 7 years of HBsAg seroclearance (<i>P</i>=0.009) (crude annual incidence reduction: -0.23%, 95% CI -0.40% – -0.06%, <i>P</i>=0.012) (IDDF2022-ABS-0226 Figures 1C. Cumulative incidence of hepatic decompensation in chronic hepatitis B patients who achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HSbAg) loss, IDDF2022-ABS-0226 Figure 1D. Crude annual incidence of hepatic decompensation in chronic hepatitis B patients who achieved hepatitis B surface antigen (HSbAg) loss). HBsAg loss for over 7 years was found to be associated with a reduced risk of hepatic decompensation (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [aSHR] 0.53, 95% CI 0.30–0.94, <i>P</i>=0.029) but not HCC (aSHR 1.38, 95% CI 0.85–2.23, <i>P</i>=0.193) after adjusting for age, gender, presence of cirrhosis and diabetes, platelet, and liver biochemistry. <h3>Conclusions</h3> The risk of HCC persists up to 12 years in patients after HBsAg loss, whereas the risk of hepatic decompensation reduces after 7 years.
Cyclocopolymerization:  A Mechanistic Probe for Dual-Site Alternating Copolymerization of Ethylene and α-Olefins (2002)

The copolymerization of ethylene with 1,5-hexadiene or 1-hexene was studied with the series of ansa-metallocenes Me2Si(Cp)(9-Flu)ZrCl2 (1), Me2Si(1-Ind)(9-Flu)ZrCl2 (3), and Me2Si(9-Flu)2ZrCl2 (4). 1,5-Hexadiene, a monomer which requires two insertion events to be cyclopolymerized, when copolymerized with ethylene using 3/MAO, gave a copolymer with a novel architecture. When compared with the copolymerization of 1-hexene with ethylene, the observed striking differences between the two copolymers provided compelling evidence for a dual-site alternating copolymerization mechanism in both cases. The copolymerization results from 1/MAO and 4/MAO further support this.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis modulates its cell surface via an oligopeptide permease (Opp) transport system (2009)

Bacterial species utilize a vast repertoire of surface structures to interact with their surroundings and employ a number of strategies to reconfigure the cellular envelope according to specific stimuli. Gram-positive bacteria, exemplified by Streptomyces and Bacillus species, control production of some exposed molecules by importing oligopeptide signals via permeases (Opp). Such oligopeptides modulate intracellular signaling pathways. In this work, we functionally characterized an Opp of the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and propose its reannotation. Using genome-wide transcriptional profiling, we found that Opp was required to modulate (fold-change ranging from -3.5 to 2.0) the expression of several genes, most of them encoding surface-exposed molecules. These included the virulence-associated lipids mycolic acids and phthiocerol dimycocerosates (PDIMs) as well as PE-family proteins. By thin-layer chromatography and MALDI-TOF-MS we confirmed changes in the lipid profile, including an altered accumulation of triacylglycerides and an affected ratio of mycolic acids to PDIMs. An Opp loss of function mutant showed no in vitro growth defect, but had diminished burden during chronic infection and produced a slightly delayed time to death of animals when compared to WT Mtb infection.
Supplementary Table S1 from Predicting the Grade of Dysplasia of Pancreatic Cystic Neoplasms Using Cyst Fluid DNA Methylation Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. List of primers and probes&lt;/p&gt;
Methods to Estimate Lettuce Evapotranspiration in Greenhouse Conditions in the Central Zone of Chile (2009)

This study evaluates five methods to estimate crop evapotranspiration in greenhouse conditions. It compares their performance in relation to the evapotranspiration directly determined from water balance measurements (ETlys) in an irrigated lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crop during 9 weeks. Daily values of the reference evapotranspiration (ETo) from Class A pan (CAP), Piche atmometers (ATM), Andersson evaporimeters (ANE), FAO-Radiation (FRE) and FAO-Penman-Monteith (PME) equations were compared. The methods showed similar temporal variations but at different ranges as follows: ANE < CAP < FRE < PME < ATM. Furthemore, ETo had a clear correlation with solar radiation. Crop coefficients (Kc = ETlys/ETo) varied somewhat amongst the methods, but trends were identified for two periods: in the first week, the overall mean Kc was 0.3 ( 0.1) and in weeks 2 to 9 on average 0.6 ( 0.3). The greenhouse values of Kc were lower than those generally adopted for lettuce in field conditions. In terms of irrigation design, crop evapotranspiration can be estimated by the methods in this study, on the condition that the appropriate crop coefficients are applied. The fact that ANE showed values closest to those of ETlys, along with cost and management convenience, makes it an advantageous alternative as compared to the other methods.
Analysis of transient charging components in NBTI degradation studied for TaN gated HfO<inf>2</inf>/SiO<inf>2</inf> dielectrics (2007)

Threshold voltage (V,h) shift under the NBT-stress of TaN gated HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> stacked gate dielectrics has been studied by conventional DC and the pulsed measurements. A large Vth shift in the early stage of stress occurs typically within 1 s by the fast transient charging under the stress as well as during the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> measurement. Contributions of both charging components strongly depend on the film quality and also on the stress conditions. Therefore, an accurate deconvolution of measured DeltaV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> into each component is indispensable for accurate lifetime prediction and the understandings of the NBTI reliability.
Interactions of the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway with other lipid pathways (2005)

Micro-organisms have recently received broad attention as sources of novel lipids. An increased understanding of the effects of fats and oils and their composition on the metabolism and on health has shifted the focus towards the use of lipids for disease treatment and prevention and for the promotion of good health. A large range of lipidic products produced by yeast is known today. Ergosterol and its metabolic precursors are major lipidic components of industrial and commercial interest. Having in mind the aim to increase the productivity of ergosterol and its precursor metabolites, both the knowledge of regulatory mechanisms of the biosynthetic pathway and its interactions with other lipid pathways like those of sphingolipids, phospholipids and fatty acids are crucial.
Supplementary Table 2 from Selective Inhibition of EZH2 by EPZ-6438 Leads to Potent Antitumor Activity in <i>EZH2</i>-Mutant Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 132K, Table S2: Effects of EPZ-6438 on Gene Expression in EZH2 Mutant Lymphoma Cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Microdevice integrating innate and adaptive immune responses associated with antigen presentation by dendritic cells (2013)

Dendritic cells are the principal antigen presenting cells that are responsible for acquiring and transporting antigen from the peripheral tissue to the secondary lymphoid tissue. There they present it to T cells which ultimately initiate an antigen specific immune response. <i>In vivo</i>, the migration of dendritic cells (DCs) and T cell activation are intimately linked. However, <i>ex vivo</i> systems that facilitate integrated evaluation of DC chemotaxis and resulting T cell activation by migrated DCs are lacking. In this work, we have developed a microfabricated platform that integrates DC chemotaxis with T cell activation. The basic design of the microdevice includes two layers of PDMS, with the top layer comprising the chemotaxis compartment and the bottom layer containing a T cell compartment. In the chemotaxis compartment, the DCs are subjected to a chemokine gradient, and their migratory response is evaluated. In the T cell compartment, rapid DC-induced activation of T cells is evaluated by measuring the level of calcium in T cells. We demonstrate the efficacy of our approach by evaluating the integrated response of mature DCs, whereby the overall T cell activation response is governed both by the chemotaxis and the T cell activation potential of mature DCs relative to immature DCs. Our system provides a powerful platform for systematically probing various aspects of antigen induced immune responses - DC maturation, migration and T cell activation - in an integrated fashion.
Therapeutic Relevance of Elevated Blood Pressure After Ischemic Stroke in the Hypertensive Rats (2020)

Over 80% of patients exhibit an acute increase in blood pressure (BP) following stroke. Current clinical guidelines make no distinction in BP management between patients with or without prior hypertension. Spontaneously hypertensive (SH) rats were preinstrumented with telemeters to record BP, intracranial pressure, and brain tissue oxygen in the predicted ischemic penumbra for 3 days before and 10 days after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (n=8 per group) or sham (n=5). Before stroke, BP was either left untreated or chronically treated to a normotensive level (enalapril 10 mg/kg per day). Poststroke elevations in BP were either left uncontrolled, controlled (to the prestroke baseline level), or overcontrolled (to a normotensive level) via subcutaneous infusion of labetalol. Baseline values of intracranial pressure and brain tissue oxygen were similar between all groups, whereas BP was lower in treated SH rats (144±3 versus 115±5 mm Hg; <i>P</i><0.001). Following middle cerebral artery occlusion, a similar rise in BP was observed in untreated (+16±2 mm Hg; <i>P</i>=0.005) and treated SH rats (+13±5 mm Hg; <i>P</i>=0.021). Intervening to prevent BP from increasing after stroke did not worsen outcome. However, reducing BP below prestroke baseline levels was associated with higher intracranial pressure (days 1-3; <i>P</i><0.001), reduced cerebral perfusion pressure (days 2-4; <i>P</i><0.001), higher mortality, slower functional recovery and larger infarct volumes. Although treating to maintain BP at the prestroke baseline level was not detrimental, our results suggest that when setting BP targets after stroke, consideration must be given to the potential negative impact of inadvertent excessive BP lowering in subjects with undiagnosed or poorly controlled hypertension.