gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lean and Agile Precision Manufacturing Systems (2002)

Abstract : A quasi-kinematic coupling (QKC) is an alignment interface that can be used to make low-cost assemblies with sub-micron precision and/or sealing contact. Unlike kinematic couplings that rely on point contacts formed by mating balls in v-grooves, quasi-kinematic couplings are based on arc contacts formed by mating three balls with three axisymmetric grooves. Though a quasi-kinematic coupling is technically not an exact constraint coupling, proper design of the contacts can produce a weakly over constrained coupling that emulates an exact constraint coupling. This paper covers the practical design of quasi-kinematic couplings and derives the theory that predicts quasi-kinematic coupling stiffness. A metric of over constraint is presented and used to develop recommended practices for minimizing the over constraint in quasi-kinematic couplings. Experimental results are provided to show that quasi-kinematic couplings can provide repeatability (1/4 micron) that is comparable to exact constraint couplings.
Association between Functional Small Airway Disease and FEV1 Decline in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (2016)

CT-assessed functional small airway disease and emphysema are associated with FEV1 decline, but the association with functional small airway disease has greatest importance in mild-to-moderate stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease where the rate of FEV1 decline is the greatest. Clinical trial registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (NCT 00608764).
Local and Systemic Effects of Blood Flow Restriction Therapy in an Animal Model (2020)

This animal model does not support ischemic therapy as a method to improve muscle mass, function, or satellite cell density.
On the analysis of microstructured surfaces (2004)

The study of general microstructures in 2D geometry and rotational 3D microstructures is presented. The study is based on infinitesimal microstructures for some calculations and the macro-profile of the surface can be treated as a new type of optical surface with a certain deflection law, which will be different of the reflection law or the Snell law. In two dimensions, we discuss the propagation of wavefronts by general microstructured surfaces (which do not fulfill the Fermat principle) and the discontinuity of the eikonal function at the microstructure. Naturally, a classification of the microstructures is obtained (regular and anomalous) and the concept of 2D ideal microstructures is also introduced, as those that perfectly couple two macroscopic extended bundles in 2D geometry. In 3D, after classifying the rotational optical systems into point-spot and ring-spot types, the first-order properties of both regular and anomalous rotational microstructured surfaces are discussed. Finally, an application of anomalous rotational microstructured surfaces to the problem of mixing the light from three RGB LED chips is introduced.
Unraveling the Armor of a Killer: Evasion of Host Defenses by African Swine Fever Virus (2016)

African swine fever is an acute hemorrhagic disease of pigs. Extensive recent spread in the Russian Federation and Eastern Europe has increased the risk to global pig production. The virus is a large DNA virus and is the only member of the <i>Asfarviridae</i> family. In pigs, the virus replicates predominantly in macrophages. We review how the virus overcomes the barriers to replication in the macrophage and the virus mechanism to inhibit key host defense pathways.
Molecular cloning, expression and potential functions of the human proteinase-activated receptor-2 (1996)

We used PCR to amplify proteinase activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) from human kidney cDNA. The open reading frame comprised 1191 bp and encoded a protein of 397 residues with 83% identity with mouse PAR-2. In KNRK cells (a line of kirsten murine sarcoma virus-transformed rat kidney epithelial cells) transfected with this cDNA, trypsin and activating peptide (AP) corresponding to the tethered ligand exposed by trypsin cleavage (SLIGKV-NH2) induced a prompt increase in cytosolic calcium ion concentration ([Ca2+]i). Human PAR-2 (hPAR-2) resided both on the plasma membrane and in the Golgi apparatus. hPAR-2 mRNA was highly expressed in human pancreas, kidney, colon, liver and small intestine, and by A549 lung and SW480 colon adenocarcinoma cells. Hybridization in situ revealed high expression in intestinal epithelial cells throughout the gut. Trypsin and AP stimulated an increase in [Ca2+]i in a rat intestinal epithelial cell line (hBRIE 380) and stimulated amylase secretion in isolated pancreatic acini. In A549 cells, which also responded to trypsin and AP with mobilization of cytosolic Ca2+, AP inhibited colony formation. Thus PAR-2 may serve as a trypsin sensor in the gut. Its expression by cells and tissues not normally exposed to pancreatic trypsin suggests that other proteases could serve as physiological activators.
A Production-Proven Shallow Trench Isolation (STI) Solution Using Novel CMP Concepts* (2000)

In polysilicon CMP applications reported previously, dishing can be significantly reduced or completely eliminated by using a lowor no-selectivity slurry during over-polishing on a new generation CMP tool (a Mirra CMP system) that features low removal rate within wafer non-uniformity (WIWNU).(1) Consistent low WIWNU and reliable end pointing using an ISRM end point system minimize polish-stopping-layer erosion. An new polishing head (Titan Head) combined with consumable/process optimization improve WIWNU. All these approaches are also applicable to STI CMP applications. The STI CMP process developed using these approaches has been successfully implemented in an IC production fab.
Magnetically Induced Catalytic Reduction of Biomass-Derived Oxygenated Compounds in Water (2022)

The development of energetically efficient processes for the aqueous reduction of biomass-derived compounds into chemicals is key for the optimal transformation of biomass. Herein we report an early example of the reduction of biomass-derived oxygenated compounds in water by magnetically induced catalysis. Non-coated and carbon-coated core-shell <b>FeCo@Ni</b> magnetic nanoparticles were used as the heating agent and the catalyst simultaneously. In this way it was possible to control the product distribution by adjusting the field amplitude applied during the magnetic catalysis, opening a precedent for this type of catalysis. Finally, the encapsulation of the magnetic nanoparticles in carbon (<b>FeCo@Ni@C</b>) strongly improved the stability of the magnetic catalyst in solution, making its reuse possible up to at least eight times in dioxane and four times in water.
Total synthesis of prostaglandin-E2 by rearrangement of a 6,8-disubstituted-2-oxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one to a 4,5-disubstituted-perhydrocyclopenta[b]furan-2-one (1979)

R. F. Newton, D. P. Reynolds, C. F. Webb, S. N. Young, Z. Grudzinski and S. M. Roberts, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1979, 2789 DOI: 10.1039/P19790002789
3D perfusion bioreactor culture of human periosteum derived stem cells for bone tissue engineering (2013)

sponsorship: MS is supported by a Ph.D. grant of the Agency for Innovation by Science and Technology (IWT/ 111457). IP is funded by the ENDEAVOUR project G.0982.11N of the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO Vlaanderen). GK acknowledges support by the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant agreement n°279100. This work is part of Prometheus, the Leuven Research & Development Division of Skeletal Tissue Engineering of the KU Leuven: www.kuleuven.be/prometheus
The impact of 3D stacking on GPU-accelerated deep neural networks: An experimental study (2016)

In this work, we present a two-tier air-cooled thermal testbed composed of an NVIDIA Tesla K40 GPU and a heater/thermometer top die. The top die has four independently-controllable heaters, which can emulate a wide range of components, ranging from low power memory to high-performance multi-core processor cores. The performance and temperature of the bottom-tier GPU on several deep neural network workloads is investigated as a function of increasing top-die power dissipation, and the implications for 3DIC cooling are discussed.
Perovskite solar cells with an MoS2 electron transport layer (2019)

MoS<sub>2</sub> thin films are directly synthesized over FTO/glass substrate in a one-step process and used as an efficient electron transport layer (ETL) for perovskite solar cells (PSCs).
Copolymer brushes (1996)

We study a diblock AB copolymer brush in good solvent using the self-consistent field approximation. The copolymer chains of the brush are end grafted to a planar surface always by the same type of monomers. Depending on the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter χAB, we found two different regimes. If χAB≳0 a demixing transition occurs when the solvent is poor. An exclusion zone appears close to the grafting surface from where one type of monomers is expelled. In this region a steplike brush is formed by the other monomers. At the extremity of this brush appears then a conventional parabolic brush formed by the excluded monomers. If χAB&amp;lt;0 the monomers are miscible and backwards twisted configurations become very important as |χAB| increases. For larger values of |χAB| the collapse of the system may occur.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective, Directed Meta Acylation of Aromatic Compounds. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
DEUTERATED OXYTOCINS: THE SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF A CRYSTALLINE ANALOG OF DEAMINO-OXYTOCIN DEUTERATED IN THE 5-ASPARAGINE POSITION (1969)

This paper describes the synthesis and biological activity of [5-L-asparagine-alpha,beta,beta-d(3)]-deamino-oxytocin. The model peptide S-benzyl-beta-mercaptopropionyl-L- asparaginyl-alpha,beta,beta-d(3)-glycinamide was also prepared to observe the effect of the conditions of peptide synthesis on the deuterium content. It was found that normal synthetic procedures could be used without a significant loss in the deuterium content.The [5-L-asparagine-alpha,beta,beta-d(3)]-deamino-oxytocin had, within experimental error, the same avian vasodepressor and oxytocic activities as deamino-oxytocin itself.
Lack of elevated pre-ART elastase-ANCA levels in patients developing TB-IRIS (2020)

The lack of elevated anti-elastase levels in TB-IRIS patients as opposed to HIV+TB+ controls correspond to previous findings of lowered immune capacity in patients that will develop TB-IRIS. This may suggest a specific role for anti-elastase, elastase or even matrix-metalloproteinases in TB-IRIS. The precise dynamics of neutrophil activation in HIV-TB merits further investigation and could provide more insight in the early mechanisms leading up to TB-IRIS.
Silicon Photonics for On-Chip Trace-Gas Spectroscopy (2016)

Natural gas leaks from production wells and pipelines pose a significant environmental risk due to the strong greenhouse effect caused by its main constituent, methane. We present a silicon photonic trace-gas sensing platform, which uses laser spectroscopy to realize cost-effective sensor networks for fugitive methane emission monitoring.
Cambios en la composición química durante la elaboración del lacón gallego (2001)

En el presente articulo se estudian los carribios en la coniposici0n quimica durante la claboracion del la-con gallego. Este producto se elabora en Galicia a partir de, la extrornidad delantera del coi-do siguiendo delim proceso tecnolOgico similar al jani0n serrano, aunque la duraci0n de los distintos pasos de elabora-cion es inenor en el lacon gallego. Se tomaron ITILICS-tras para analisis en el braz1,101o (dia 0 del proceso), despues del salado (dia 5), despues del postsalado 0 asentamiento (dia 20), durante el Curado (dias 28 y 35) y al final del proceso (dia 65). El contenido de materia seca aUlfiCilto --I-ii(ILI!tliiiciite desde el dia 0 (25,5%) liasta el ultinlo dia (52,3%) excepto entre los dias 5 y 21 debido a que durante este periodo las piezas se lavaron. Los principales acidos -rasos fLIC-1,011: C- 18: 1 (43, 1 I/c), C- 16:0 (27,4W), C- 18:2 (1 1,46lo) y C-18:0 (10,01/c). El contenido de acidos grasos este-rificados descendio gradualmento dUrantO el PCriOdi) de elaboracion, aunque la lipolisis fue mas intensa en los prinicios 20 dias y siendo los acidos (,rasos (lo 18 y 20 atorrios de C los q1,10 inas disituilluyeron.
Increased Calreticulin Expression in Clonal Plasma Cells Is Associated with Complete Response to Melphalan and Autologous Stem Cell Transplant in Systemic Light-Chain Amyloidosis. (2006)

Abstract Systemic light-chain amyloidosis (AL) is a protein deposition disorder and a monoclonal plasma cell disease. Treatment of AL has focused on the reduction or elimination of the clonal plasma cells that make amyloid-forming light chains. High-dose melphalan and stem cell transplant (MEL SCT) is an effective therapy for selected AL patients. At 3 months post-SCT, response of the clonal plasma cell disease can be reliably scored; the achievement of a complete response (CR= immunofixation negative) is usually associated with extended survival while no response (NR= &lt; 50% reduction) is not. Many factors likely contribute to this distribution of responses. In order to identify factors specific to clonal plasma cells, gene expression profiles (GEP; Affymetrix U133 PLUS 2.0) were obtained using FACS-sorted CD138+/DAPI- plasma cells (&gt;95% pure) from untreated AL patients before SCT. Supervised analyses were then performed based on responses at 3 months post-SCT, comparing the CR (n=4) and NR (n=5) groups. The basic analysis was a t-test, filtering genes for differential expression at p&lt;0.01, and those that passed were subject to EASE analysis in order to identify gene ontology families over-represented on the gene list. A secondary filtering selected only genes with two-fold difference in expression between CR and NR, average expression of at least 1000, and inclusion in an EASE group that had a p&lt;0.05. Five genes were identified as over-expressed in the CR group: WARS, SHMT2, IARS, CALR, and PSMB4. Our initial validation studies, using purified baseline clonal plasma cells from 11 patients and baseline marrow biopsy specimens from 25 patients, have focused on calreticulin (CALR) and tryptophanyl tRNA synthetase (WARS). By real-time polymerase chain reaction studies with GAPDH and normal plasma cell controls, the expression levels of CALR were significantly lower in NR patients (p=0.02) while differences in WARS expression did not achieve significance (p=0.25). By immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for CALR in marrow biopsies, a CALR IHC index was developed, with scoring of the fraction of plasma cells expressing CALR (over total CD138 positivity) and intensity of CALR staining (both scored 0, 1, 2 or 3; the scores were multiplied to compute the index, range 0–9). CALR-stained marrows were scored blindly. Patients with CALR index of 9 had an 88% likelihood of achieving CR while those with scores of 0–6 had a 39% chance (Fisher’s exact test, p=0.046). In sum, calreticulin expression in clonal plasma cells from AL patients is associated with the response to MEL SCT. Further studies are on-going to determine the basis for this association.
Role of Interfacial Oxide in High-Efficiency Graphene–Silicon Schottky Barrier Solar Cells (2015)

The advent of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene has allowed researchers to investigate large area graphene/n-silicon Schottky barrier solar cells. Using chemically doped graphene, efficiencies of nearly 10% can be achieved for devices without antireflective coatings. However, many devices reported in past literature often exhibit a distinctive s-shaped kink in the measured I/V curves under illumination resulting in poor fill factor. This behavior is especially prevalent for devices with pristine (not chemically doped) graphene but can be seen in some cases for doped graphene as well. In this work, we show that the native oxide on the silicon presents a transport barrier for photogenerated holes and causes recombination current, which is responsible for causing the kink. We experimentally verify our hypothesis and propose a simple semiconductor physics model that qualitatively captures the effect. Furthermore, we offer an additional optimization to graphene/n-silicon devices: by choosing the optimal oxide thickness, we can increase the efficiency of our devices to 12.4% after chemical doping and to a new record of 15.6% after applying an antireflective coating.
Discovery and Development Of The DPP‐4 Inhibitor Januvia™ (Sita‐Gliptin) (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction DPP-4 Inhibition as a Therapy for Type 2 Diabetes: Identification of Key Determinants for Efficacy and Safety Medicinal Chemistry Program Synthetic and Manufacturing Routes to Sitagliptin Drug Product Development Clinical Studies Summary References
Evaluating a collaborative defense architecture for MANETs (2009)

Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs) are susceptible to both insider and outsider attacks more than wired and base station-based wireless networks. This is because of the lack of a well-defined defense perimeter in MANETs, preventing the use of defenses including firewalls or intrusion detection systems. This lack of perimeter calls for implementation of security in a distributed, collaborative manner. We recently introduced a novel deny-by-default distributed security policy enforcement architecture for MANETs by harnessing and extending the concept of network capabilities. The deny-by-default principle allows compromised nodes to access only authorized services, limiting their ability to disrupt or even interfere with end-to-end connectivity and nodes beyond their local communication radius. The enforcement of policies is done hop-by-hop, in a distributed manner. In this paper we present preliminary results evaluating our architecture. Through simulation, we show that our solution incurs minimal overhead in terms of network bandwidth and latency even in the presence of cryptographic operations. Furthermore, we show that the protection remains effective even in the presence of misbehaving nodes and routing changes due to mobility. While further work is needed to fully evaluate our scheme, we believe that the notion of collaborative security in MANETs is a promising direction for future research.
Langmuir−Blodgett Films Constructed from a Charge-Transfer Complex and Gold Nanoparticles (2007)

A charge-transfer complex between an amphiphilic bis(tetrathiafulvalene) (bis-TTF) annulated macrocycle (1) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ), (12+)(F4-TCNQ-)2, which can form molecular-assembly nanowires by application of the Langmuir−Blodgett (LB) method, was hybridized with gold nanoparticles with an average diameter of 13 nm. LB films of (12+)(F4-TCNQ)2 were transferred onto a substrate surface from a subphase containing gold nanoparticles at concentrations ranging from 10-6 to 10-4 M, based on the number of gold atoms in the subphase (cAu). One-dimensional nanowires and zero-dimensional gold nanoparticles were found to coexist in films transferred onto mica by a single withdrawal from a subphase with cAu less than 1 × 10-5 M, whereas films transferred from a subphase with cAu greater than 1 × 10-4 M formed network structures of gold nanoparticles, which was confirmed by AFM measurements as well as electronic spectroscopy. The room-temperature electrical conductivities of the latter LB films (cAu > 1 × 10-4 M) were 2 or 3 orders of magnitude higher than those of the former (cAu< 1 × 10-5 M). The films, which contained nanoparticle network structures, showed two types of conducting behavior depending on the temperature range (above and below ∼150 K). At higher temperatures, conduction was dominated by (12+)(F4-TCNQ-)2, which is an intrinsic semiconductor, whereas collective tunneling charge transport in the gold nanoparticle network structure was observed at lower temperatures. In the prepared films, the gold nanoparticles were randomly connected to each other, and a random single electron tunneling array yielded a finite threshold voltage (Vth) at lower temperatures due to Coulomb blockade behavior and three-dimensional correlation of the conducting paths.
Improved power side channel attack resistance of a 128-bit AES engine with random fast voltage dithering (2017)

The paper demonstrates improved power side channel attack (PSCA) resistance of a 128-bit AES engine in 130nm CMOS using random fast voltage dithering (RFVD) enabled by integrated inductive voltage regulator (IVR) and all-digital clock modulation (ADCM). The measured power signatures at AES and IVR supply nodes show 9× reduction in peak test vector leakage assessment (TVLA) metric while also protecting encryption keys from correlation power analysis (CPA) attacks even after 500,000 encryption traces.
[Epidemiology and clinical aspects of chronic hepatitis B and non-A, non-B virus infections]. (1989)

Hepatitis B and Non-A-non-B infections often become chronic and proceed to cirrhosis associated with a shortened life expectancy. Both infections are transmitted by parenteral or sexual routes. New insights in the structure of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) as well as in the immune response mechanism of the organism permit by serological testing a clear definition of the replicative state of the virus. Together with the parameters of inflammation (e.g. transaminases, liver histology) it is possible to determine the activity of the hepatitis. The most effective treatment of chronic HBV-infection today is the therapy with alpha- or beta-interferon. The aim of this treatment is the inhibition of HBV replication and accellerated elimination of the virus, indicated by seroconversion of HBEAg to anti-HBEAg. The most significant advance in the knowledge of percutaneous Non-A-non-B hepatitis is the identification of the responsible virus and the development of a diagnostic test for its serological detection. Since this type of hepatitis becomes chronic in 50-60% of the cases, therapy is urgently required. Clinical studies showed that also for Non-A-non-B virus infection alpha-interferon is most effective. Currently the optimal dosage, duration and point in time for interferon treatment is being evaluated.