gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicone engineered anisotropic lithography for ultrahigh-density OLEDs (2022)

Ultrahigh-resolution patterning with high-throughput and high-fidelity is highly in demand for expanding the potential of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) from mobile and TV displays into near-to-eye microdisplays. However, current patterning techniques so far suffer from low resolution, consecutive pattern for RGB pixelation, low pattern fidelity, and throughput issue. Here, we present a silicone engineered anisotropic lithography of the organic light-emitting semiconductor (OLES) that in-situ forms a non-volatile etch-blocking layer during reactive ion etching. This unique feature not only slows the etch rate but also enhances the anisotropy of etch direction, leading to gain delicate control in forming ultrahigh-density multicolor OLES patterns (up to 4500 pixels per inch) through photolithography. This patterning strategy inspired by silicon etching chemistry is expected to provide new insights into ultrahigh-density OLED microdisplays.
Climacostol reduces tumour progression in a mouse model of melanoma via the p53-dependent intrinsic apoptotic programme (2016)

Climacostol, a compound produced by the ciliated protozoan Climacostomum virens, displayed cytotoxic properties in vitro. This study demonstrates that it has anti-tumour potential. Climacostol caused a reduction of viability/proliferation of B16-F10 mouse melanoma cells, a rapidly occurring DNA damage, and induced the intrinsic apoptotic pathway characterised by the dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential, the translocation of Bax to the mitochondria, the release of Cytochrome c from the mitochondria, and the activation of Caspase 9-dependent cleavage of Caspase 3. The apoptotic mechanism of climacostol was found to rely on the up-regulation of p53 and its targets Noxa and Puma. In vivo analysis of B16-F10 allografts revealed a persistent inhibition of tumour growth rate when melanomas were treated with intra-tumoural injections of climacostol. In addition, it significantly improved the survival of transplanted mice, decreased tumour weight, induced a remarkable reduction of viable cells inside the tumour, activated apoptosis and up-regulated the p53 signalling network. Importantly, climacostol toxicity was more selective against tumour than non-tumour cells. The anti-tumour properties of climacostol and the molecular events associated with its action indicate that it is a powerful agent that may be considered for the design of pro-apoptotic drugs for melanoma therapy.
Proteoglycan-4 Regulates Fibroblast to Myofibroblast Transition and Expression of Fibrotic Genes in the Synovium (2020)

Abstract Background: Synovial tissue fibrosis is common in advanced OA with features including presence of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts and deposition of cross-linked collagen type-I. An antifibrotic effect in OA synoviocytes was associated with PRG4 secretion and native synovial PRG4 reduced collagen content in OA synoviocytes. PRG4 is a ligand of the CD44 receptor. Our objective was to examine the role of PRG4-CD44 interaction in regulating synovial tissue fibrosis in vitro and in vivo . Methods: OA synoviocytes were treated with TGF-β ± PRG4 for 24 hours and α-SMA content was determined using immunofluorescence. Rhodamine labeled rhPRG4 was incubated with OA synoviocytes ± anti-CD44 or isotype control antibodies and cellular uptake of rhPRG4 was determined following a 30-min incubation and α-SMA expression following a 24-hour incubation. HEK-TGF-β cells were treated with TGF-β ± rhPRG4 and Smad3 phosphorylation was determined using immunofluorescence and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation was determined colorimetrically. We probed for stress fibers and focal adhesions (FAs) in TGF-β treated murine fibroblasts and fibroblast migration was quantified ± rhPRG4. Synovial expression of fibrotic markers: α-SMA, collagen type-I and PLOD2 in Prg4 gene trap ( Prg4 GT ) and recombined Prg4 GTR animals was studied at 2 and 9 months of age. Synovial expression of α-SMA and PLOD2 was determined in 2-months old Prg4 GT/GT &amp; Cd44 -/- and Prg4 GTR/GTR &amp; Cd44 -/- animals . Results: PRG4 reduced α-SMA content in OA synoviocytes ( p&lt;0.001 ). rhPRG4 was internalized by OA synoviocytes via CD44 and CD44 neutralization attenuated rhPRG4’s antifibrotic effect ( p&lt;0.05 ). rhPRG4 reduced pSmad3 signal in HEK-TGF-β cells ( p&lt;0.001 ) and TGF-β/Smad pathway activation ( p&lt;0.001 ). rhPRG4 reduced the number of stress fiber-positive myofibroblasts, FAs mean size, and cell migration in TGF-β treated NIH3T3 fibroblasts ( p&lt;0.05 ). rhPRG4 inhibited fibroblast migration in a macrophage and fibroblast co-culture model without altering active or total TGF-β levels. Synovial tissues of 9-months old Prg4 GT/GT animals had higher α-SMA, collagen type-I and PLOD2 ( p&lt;0.001 ) content and Prg4 re-expression reduced these markers ( p&lt;0.01 ). Prg4 re-expression also reduced α-SMA and PLOD2 in CD44-deficient mice. Conclusion: PRG4 is an endogenous antifibrotic modulator in the joint and its effect on myofibroblast formation is mediated by CD44, but CD44 is not required to demonstrate an antifibrotic effect in vivo .
Optical metrology of 3D thin film conformality by LHAR chip assisted method (2022)

The paper presents a novel and fast method to characterize thin film conformality on microscopic 3D High Aspect Ratio substrates. The thin film deposition experiment uses specially designed PillarHall(TM) Lateral High Aspect Ratio (LHAR) silicon chip as a substrate. The measurement on a chip relies on the conventional planar surface characterization tools such as optical microscopy, line-scan reflectometry and ellipsometry. The results show that the method is fast and accurate way to characterize thin film conformality as well as other film properties, and also in wafer-level.
Filter Paper Electrophoresis of Lipids in Mixed Solvent Systems1 (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFilter Paper Electrophoresis of Lipids in Mixed Solvent Systems1Donald F. Hoelzl Wallach and James E. GarvinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 9, 2157–2161Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01542a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01542a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SINR Balancing with Coordinated Multi-Cell Transmission (2009)

Coordinated multi-cell processing facilitates multiuser preceding techniques across distributed base station (BS) antenna heads. Hence, it can efficiently exploit the available spatial degrees of freedom in a multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channel. A generalised method for joint design of linear transceivers with coordinated multi-cell processing subject to per-BS/antenna power constraints is proposed. The system optimisation objective is to balance the weighted SINR across all the transmitted data streams. The method can accommodate a variety of scenarios from coherent multi-cell beamforming across a large virtual MIMO channel to single-cell beamforming with inter- cell interference coordination and beam allocation. The performance of different coherent/non-coherent and coordinated/non-coordinated multi-cell transmission methods with optimal and heuristic beam allocation algorithms is numerically compared in different scenarios with varying inter-cell interference. The coherent multi-cell beamforming greatly outperforms the noncoherent cases, especially at the cell edge and with a full spatial load. However, the coordinated single-cell transmission with interference avoidance and dynamic beam allocation performs considerably well with a partial spatial loading.
Microphase Separation of Mixed Polymer Brushes: An Experimental and Theoretical Exploration of Phase Behavior. (2011)

Abstract not provided.
Organic-on-inorganic semiconductor contact barrier devices (1982)

The organic compound 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) has previously been observed to undergo a large increase in conductivity on irradiation with energetic particle beams. In this letter, we describe the electrical characteristics of novel rectifying junctions employing unirradiated PTCDA vapor deposited onto 10-Ω cm p-Si substrates. The PTCDA-Si contact barrier has a height of φB = 0.74 eV. The resulting diodes undergo avalanche breakdown at VB = 230 V, and exhibit current densities at 1/2 VB of ⩽50 μA/cm2. In addition, the forward current-voltage (IF−V) characteristics are strongly dependent on the contact metal used on the top PTCDA surface. The best results obtained were for diodes employing Ti contacts which gave nonhysteretic, stable IF-V characteristics with an ideality factor of n = 1.7. Several properties of the as-deposited PTCDA are also discussed. The rectifying characteristics reported here, coupled with the properties of irradiated PTCDA, suggest many unique device applications.
Proliferation of enteropathogens in oral rehydration solutions prepared with river water from Honduras and Surinam. (1981)

Oral rehydration of infants with diarrhoea is an effective therapy that is becoming increasingly available in developing countries. To formulate judicious recommendations for preparation and storage of such solutions, we assessed the capability of recognized bacterial enteropathogens to survive and proliferate in solutions made either with sterile distilled or river water collected in two developing countries. Shigella flexneri, an enteropathogen typically transmitted by faecal/oral contact rather than by water or food, survived very poorly. In contrast, Vibrio cholerae and enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, pathogens classically associated with transmission by food and water, reached concentrations of 103-104 per ml by 12 h and 104-106 by 24 h after inoculation of solutions made with river water and somewhat lower concentrations in distilled water. This potential exposure to bacteria must be considered in the context of the field situation where children are already ingesting high levels of bacteria in drinking water and food and where the oral rehydration solution would probably add little to their exposure. Although it is probably wise to prepare solutions fresh each day with water as free from faecal pollution as possible, in situations where lack of fuel to boil water or scarce supply of glucose/electrolyte packets preclude compliance with these recommendations prompt administration of oral rehydration solutions to infants with diarrhoea should nevertheless proceed.
A new HIFU probe for the treatment of the superficial venous insufficiency and varicose veins (2006)

A previous work showed the feasibility of inducing a localized partial shrinkage of venous tissues with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU). A partial shrinkage of the vein wall is proposed to correct the valvular dysfunction on the saphenous vein that is responsible of the superficial venous insufficiency and varicose veins. In the present study, a new real‐time imaging HIFU probe is presented which is suited for this type of treatment. The probe is composed of two HIFU elements that focus sound uniformly over a line of 7 mm‐length. Geometry of the HIFU elements was calculated by numerical optimization and allows positioning of the focal line 15 mm in‐depth from the skin. The probe is compatible with commercial imaging devices used currently in vascular medicine. Once coupled with an imaging probe, the imaging system shows the central perpendicular plan to the focal line. A validation of the compatibility with a commercial ultrasound imaging system was achieved using a precise model fabricated by stereo‐lithography. Construction of the probe is underway.
Computing ROC curve confidence intervals for cardiac activation detectors (2003)

It is shown how to use the bootstrap to construct a nonparametric confidence interval for a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The method is used to perform a statistical comparison of a detectors curve with a particular point in ROC space or to compare curves derived from two similar detectors. The method is illustrated with a specific example in which a computer algorithm (AP) that was designed to detect cardiac activations in recordings taken from extracellular bipolar electrodes is evaluated. Twelve recordings of ventricular fibrillation were made on the epicardial surface of the heart in anesthetized mongrel dogs. Each recording contained between 115 and 237 activations. A cardiologist examined each recording, identified all activation events, and assigned a time of local activation (lat/sub C/) to each event. Next, each recording was analyzed by the computer program, AP, which produced its own list of local activation times (lat/sub AP/). The total numbers of true detections (N/sub TD/), false detections (N/sub FD/), and false negatives (N/sub FN/) were calculated for each recording. A true detection was defined as a lat/sub AP/ that fell within +or-6 ms of a lat/sub C/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes for Heterojunction Solar Cells (2014)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) with outstanding electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties are expected to be the most promising materials for next-generation energy as well as optical and electronic devices. However, the structure-controlled assembling of SWNTs to macroscale for various devices is still challenging. This study focused on the SWNT assemblies for improving the performance of SWNT-Si heterojunction solar cells. A water vapor breath figure method to build up SWNTs into a self-assembled microhoneycomb network for the applications of solar cells has been developed. The micro-honeycomb network consists of vertical aggregated SWNT walls and a buckypaper bottom (quasi two-dimensional random network). The pristine micro-honeycomb structured SWNT-Si heterojunction solar cell shows a record-high fill factor of 72% as well as a stable power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 6.04%. The PCE increased to 10.02% in the dry state after the dilute nitric acid treatment. For comparison, the state-of-the-art randomly oriented SWNT films with high transparency and with low sheet resistance were also used for fabricating solar cells. The PCE and fill factor of the randomly oriented SWNT-Si solar cell are 10.12% and 61%, respectively. In addition, the relationship between the equivalent series resistance and the fill factor was investigated through the diode equation modeling. This study demonstrates that the micro-honeycomb structure formed by the condensation and evaporation of the water vapor is beneficial for improving the performance of solar cell, especially in terms of the fill factor.
CABLE MEDIAN BARRIER FAILURE ANALYSIS AND REMEDIATION, PHASE II (2013)

Cable median barrier crashes from a total of 12 states were analyzed. Crash data included scene diagrams, photographs, and field measurements, crash narratives, although the availability of data in each crash varied. Major contributors to penetration crash propensity were identified: diving underride, in which the front end of the vehicle dropped below the bottom cable; prying, in which the vehicle profile caused cable separation or lifting; override; bouncing override, in which the vehicle rebounded after contact with the back slope and bounced over the top of the barrier; system failure, in which one component failure or design failure prevented the cables from adequately engaging the vehicle; and large vehicle crashes, such as tractor trailers, buses, and single-unit trucks into TL-3 systems. Major contributors to rollover were identified: steep median slopes, in which the slope caused unstable bouncing or abrupt changes in slope profiles acted as trip points for the tires; broadside skid, in which the vehicle was skidding with a sideslip angle of nearly 90 degrees prior to contact with the barrier; contact with post, in which the post acted as a trip point; and other factors such as towing trailer units, median anomalies, or with large vehicles such as tractor-trailers, buses, or motor homes. Recommended improvements to cable median barrier systems included: minimum top cable height of 35 in. (890 mm); maximum top cable height of 15 in. (381 mm); minimum of 4 cables supported by posts; higher lateral cable-to-post attachment strength at bottom and lower strength at top; low strong-axis strength post sections; and to eliminate cable entrapment in a vertical slot in the post when initial cable contact occurs at a post location. A summary of factors and how they contributed to penetration, rollover, and severe crash probability is shown in Table 1.
Contactless Manipulation of Soft Robots (2019)

In recent years, jointless soft robots have demonstrated various curvilinear motions unlike conventional robotic systems requiring complex mechanical joints and electrical design principles. The materials employed to construct soft robots are mainly programmable anisotropic polymeric materials to achieve contactless manipulation of miniaturized and lightweight soft robots through their anisotropic strain responsivity to external stimuli. Although reviews on soft actuators are extensive, those on untethered soft robots are scant. In this study, we focus on the recent progress in the manipulation of untethered soft robots upon receiving external stimuli such as magnetic fields, light, humidity, and organic solvents. For each external stimulus, we provide an overview of the working principles along with the characteristics of programmable anisotropic materials and polymeric composites used in soft robotic systems. In addition, potential applications for untethered soft robots are discussed based on the physicochemical properties of programmable anisotropic materials for the given external stimuli.
Molecular optical spectroscopy with supersonic beams and jets (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular optical spectroscopy with supersonic beams and jetsRichard E. Smalley, Lennard Wharton, and Donald H. LevyCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1977, 10, 4, 139–145Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50112a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50112a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2379Altmetric-Citations323LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vapor deposited release layers for nanoimprint lithography (2006)

This paper presents the advantages of using a vapor deposited self-assembled monolayer (SAM) as a mold release layer for nano-imprint lithography. The release SAM was formed from a perfluorinated organo-silane precursor at room temperature in the gaseous state by a technique called Molecular Vapor Deposition (MVD<sup>TM</sup>). In contrast to a conventional coating from a liquid immersion sequence, the vapor deposition process forms a particulate free film resulting in a substantial reduction of surface defects. Another advantage of the vapor process is its excellent conformity onto the nanoscale topography of the mold. The self-assembling and self-limiting characteristics of the MVD process enables excellent CD control of the mold pattern. Pattern replication as small as 38nm features was achieved. Various other quantitative metrics of the MVD release layer are presented in this paper.
Quartz Temperature Sensors of Torsional Vibration Formed from Doubly Rotated Plates (1994)

This paper describes quartz temperature sensors using the torsional vibration mode and formed from doubly rotated plates. An objective of this paper is to clarify theoretically and experimentally their frequency temperature behavior. Another objective is to realize a miniaturized quartz temperature sensor with easy processing, low frequency, small series resistance R 1 and sufficient temperature sensitivity. The analysis results for frequency temperature behavior are then compared with the measured data. The theoretical and experimental results are in good agreement. In addition, a miniaturized quartz temperature sensor that is easily formed by an etching process is found to be successfully obtained with a frequency of 413 kHz, series resistance R 1 of 4.2 k Ω and temperature sensitivity of 23.7 ppm/°C in the calculation and 25.4 ppm/°C in the experiments.
NetSim-Steer: A Runtime Steering Framework for Network Simulators (2012)

This paper presents NetSim-Steer, a runtime steering framework for network simulators. With this framework, users can specify execution constraints for the network protocols and network models. In addition to this, users can implement steering rules to be executed when a constraint is violated. These rules allow users to alter the parameters of the protocols/models during the simulation so that they stay within the boundaries of the constraints.
The Effects of Different Housing with Automatic Feeder on Sow Performances and Growth Performances of Piglets during Gestation (2013)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different housing systems on the performances of sows and their piglets during gestation. A total of 90 sows (Landrace <TEX>${\times}$</TEX> Yorkshire) were employed into 3 experimental farms to give 3 treatments, stall housing, group housing in either slatted floor or litter floor. Individual sow was used as an experimental unit. Group housed sows were fed with electronic sow feeder during gestation. Performance measures were taken on sows and piglets. Back-fat thickness and body condition score of sows were not affected by housing systems for pregnant sows. There was no difference of estrus interval of pregnant sows between housing systems. The lower number of still-birth was observed in group housing type. The number of wounded sows in slatted floor was remarkably increased compared with sows in litter floor. This study showed that the housing systems could fairly impact sow and piglet performances.