gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subnanometer-Diameter Wires Isolated in a Polymer Matrix by Fast Polymerization (1996)

The preparation and analysis of inorganic-organic polymer nanocomposites consisting of inorganic nanowires and multiwire "cables" in a random-coil organic polymer host is reported. Dissolution of inorganic (LiMo3Se3)n wires in a strongly coordinating monomer, vinylene carbonate, and the use of a rapid polymerization in the presence of a cross-linking agent produce nanocomposites without phase separation. Polymerization of dilute solutions yields a material containing mostly (Mo3Se3(-))n mono- and biwires, 6 to 20 angstroms in diameter and 50 to 100 nanometers long. Polymerization of more concentrated liquid crystalline solutions yields a nanocomposite containing oriented multiwire cables, 20 to 40 angstroms in diameter and up to 1500 nanometers long, that display optical anisotropy and electrical conductivity.
Spherical Near-Field (NF) HRIR Compilation of the Neumann KU100 (2020)

[1] J. M. Arend, A. Neidhardt, and C. Pörschmann, “Measurement and Perceptual Evaluation of a Spherical Near-Field HRTF Set,” in <em>Proceedings of the 29th Tonmeistertagung - VDT International Convention</em>, 2016, pp. 356–363.<br> Download link: Conference Paper TMT 2016, Cologne (Germany) [2] C. Pörschmann, J. M. Arend, and A. Neidhardt, “A Spherical Near-Field HRTF Set for Auralization and Psychoacoustic Research,” in <em>Proceedings of the 142nd AES Convention, Berlin, Germany</em>, 2017, pp. 1–5.<br> AES link: Conference Paper AES 2017, Berlin (Germany) Files also available at sofaconventions.org in SOFA file format. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The perceptual refinement of dynamic binaural synthesis has been subject to research for the past years. The basic principle relies on head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), which describe the directional filtering caused by the head, pinna, and torso. However, most systems are based on far-field HRTFs and therefore ignore the acoustical specifics of near-field sound sources. One reason might be that full spherical near-field HRTF sets are rarely available. In this paper, we present an HRTF set of a Neumann KU100 dummy head. The set is freely available for download and contains post-processed impulse responses, captured on a circular and full spherical grid at sound source distances between 0.25m and 1.50 m. In a subsequent listening experiment using dynamic binaural synthesis, we investigated if the captured binaural cues affect estimated distance of a virtual sound source. The set is useful for various spatial audio applications where nearby virtual sound sources are required, such as auditory displays. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ <strong>Contact:</strong><br> Christoph Pörschmann<br> TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences<br> Institute of Communications Engineering<br> Department of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing<br> Betzdorfer Str. 2, D-50679 Cologne, Germany<br> https://www.th-koeln.de/akustik _________________________________________________________________
Design and implementation of hard disk drive embedded digital satellite receiver with file management (2002)

This paper presents a new design and implementation of HDD (hard disk drive) embedded DSR (digital satellite receiver). The digital broadcasting technology enables multimedia access via broadcasting systems. The amount of digital data to be processed is increased remarkably as compared to the previous broadcasting environments. In this paper, a method is proposed to provide storage ability for DSR to cope with these changes. Efficient digital data storage and management technology is also discussed. The real time data recording and playback are the most important functions of the proposed system. The trick modes such as fast forward and fast backward support are the other important factors of the proposed system as compared to the previous analog video recorder. The abovementioned functions are the main evaluation criteria for the system performance. The DSR uses a new file system that is designed by considering disk cluster size and limited memory in the system, which is more appropriate than that of the general personal computer. This system enables us to watch broadcasting and to manage multimedia data efficiently.
Internal injection for a microtron driving a terahertz free electron laser (2007)

A terahertz free electron laser (FEL) driven by a high-current classical S-band 12-orbit microtron with internal injection and a magnetron-based radio frequency system has been developed. The laboratory-size, inexpensive facility is widely tunable in the terahertz range. This makes it attractive for application in research laboratories and universities. Stability and reliability in operation of such microtron-based FEL is determined generally by the microtron injection system. Operation of the injection system employing a thermionic cathode has been analyzed. The analysis was performed using two-dimensional tracking simulations in which we considered bombardment of the cathode emitting surface with the back-streaming electrons. The analysis showed that the bombardment causes pulse overheating of the emitting surface and, as a result, an increase of beam loading of the accelerating cavity during the macropulse. The phenomenon affects the intrapulse stability of the accelerated current and the FEL operation. The analysis and measurements show how to optimize the microtron operation minimizing affects of the back-streaming electrons. The developed injection system based on LaB6 thermionic cathode provides operation of the widely tunable terahertz FEL in the ordinary regime with radiated macropulse power of 40–50W at the pulse duration of 2–4μs. The standard deviation of the lasing macropulse energy is less than 10% for long-time operation.
In vivo monitoring of blood glucose using poly(ethylene glycol) microspheres (2003)

A preliminary <i>in vivo</i> study using photopolymerized poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) microspheres containing tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate labeld concanavalin A (TRITC-Con A) fluroescein isothiocyanate labeld dextran (FITX-dextran) as an implantable glucose sensor was performed using hairless rats. The glucose sensor works by affinity reaction between the two fluorescent labeled molecules binding together to form a fluorescent energy transfer system in which the FITC peak is quenched by the TRITC peak. The addition of glucose to the sensors local environment displces the dextran disrupting the FRET pair and the quenching. The change in fluroescent peak ratio (TRITC/FITC) therefore can be related to glucose. The microspheres in this study were implanted below the dermal skin layer of the lower abdomen by injection. A bolus injection of glucose was given through the tail vein to simulate glucose consumption. Spectra were obtained by shining and collecting light through the skin using an optical fiber delivery system via a 488nm argon laser and a spectrophometer. The preliminary results showed quantifiable changes in the ratio between the two peaks in response to the changae in glucose levels in the interstitial fluid of the rat.
Estimating three dimensional positions of persistent scatterers and developing a PS-InSAR analysis system (2017)

This paper presents a method for estimating the three dimensional (3D) position of Persistent Scatterers (PSs) for Persistent Scatterer Interferometric SAR (PS-InSAR) and a PS-InSAR analysis system. PSs are useful to monitor deformation of manmade structures with accuracy of millimeter range. However, SAR images include geometric distortions such as layovers or foreshortenings. These distortions cause errors in estimating the 3D positions (latitude, longitude and altitude) of PSs in the SAR images. Foreshortenings are corrected by conventional methods based on ortho-rectification. On the other hand, layovers still remain to be solved. In our method, both foreshortenings and layovers are corrected through estimating possible 3D positions of each PS (referred as “PS candidates”) by using Digital Surface Model (DSM) and the position of a satellite. The results by PS-InSAR analysis system show the validity of the proposed method.
A generic, cost-effective, and scalable cell lineage analysis platform (2016)

Advances in single-cell genomics enable commensurate improvements in methods for uncovering lineage relations among individual cells. Current sequencing-based methods for cell lineage analysis depend on low-resolution bulk analysis or rely on extensive single-cell sequencing, which is not scalable and could be biased by functional dependencies. Here we show an integrated biochemical-computational platform for generic single-cell lineage analysis that is retrospective, cost-effective, and scalable. It consists of a biochemical-computational pipeline that inputs individual cells, produces targeted single-cell sequencing data, and uses it to generate a lineage tree of the input cells. We validated the platform by applying it to cells sampled from an ex vivo grown tree and analyzed its feasibility landscape by computer simulations. We conclude that the platform may serve as a generic tool for lineage analysis and thus pave the way toward large-scale human cell lineage discovery.
MPTG: a portable test generator for cache-coherent multiprocessors (2002)

Cache-coherent multiprocessors are typically verified by extensive simulation with randomly generated testcases. With this methodology, certain aspects of test coverage can be measured using monitors that record the occurrence of specific events during simulation. If certain events do not occur sufficiently often, the designer must somehow bias the random test generator or write hand-written testcases to improve coverage of the desired event. This is usually a labor-intensive process that is made worse by frequent changes in design specifications and the high cost of simulating large multiprocessor models. This paper describes MPTG (MultiProcessor Test Generator): a portable test generator that automates much of this labor-intensive component of the simulation process. MPTG does this by deterministically generating sets of testcases that are guaranteed to cause specific events to happen. For example, with a single, compact test specification it is possible to generate a set of tests that exercise all transaction types and current cache state combinations at a particular cache in the system. Alternatively, it is easy to generate a set of tests that exercise all two-way races that can occur at a particular cache. Test generation at this level of detail requires the incorporation of a system-wide coherence protocol within the test generator, which can make it difficult to port the test generator to different systems. Portability is achieved in MPTG by breaking the test generator into two parts: a generic test generation engine and a system-specific set of protocol tables.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Compacting cuts: a new linear formulation for minimum cut (2007)

For a graph (V, E), existing compact linear formulations for the minimum cut problem require Θ(|V||E|) variables and constraints and can be interpreted as a composition of |V|--1 polyhedra for minimum s-t cuts in much the same way as early approaches to finding globally minimum cuts relied on |V|--1 calls to a minimum s-t cut algorithm. We present the first formulation to beat this bound, one that uses O(|V|2) variables and O(|V|3) constraints. An immediate consequence of our result is a compact linear relaxation with O(|V|2) constraints and O(|V|3) variables for enforcing global connectivity constraints. This relaxation is as strong as standard cut-based relaxations and have applications in solving traveling salesman problems by integer programming as well as finding approximate solutions for survivable network design problems using Jain's iterative rounding method. Another application is a polynomial time verifiable certificate of size n for for the NP-complete problem of l1-embeddability of a rational metric on an n-set (as opposed to one of size n2 known previously).
Cyclic Plasma Halogenation of Amorphous Carbon for Defect-Free Area-Selective Atomic Layer Deposition of Titanium Oxide (2021)

As critical dimensions in integrated circuits continue to shrink, the lithography-based alignment of adjacent patterned layers becomes more challenging. Area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) allows circumventing the alignment issue by exploiting the chemical contrast of the exposed surfaces. In this work, we investigate the selective deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub> by plasma halogenation of amorphous carbon (a-C:H) acting as a growth-inhibiting layer. On a-C:H, a CF<sub>4</sub> or Cl<sub>2</sub> plasma forms a thin halogenated layer that suppresses the growth of TiO<sub>2</sub>, while nucleation remains unaffected on plasma-treated SiO<sub>2</sub>. The same halogenating plasmas preferentially etch TiO<sub>2</sub> nuclei over films and thus enable the restoration of the halogenated surface of amorphous carbon. By embedding the intermediate plasma treatments in the ALD TiO<sub>2</sub> sequence, an 8 nm TiO<sub>2</sub> layer could be deposited with a selectivity of 0.998. The application of the cyclic process on a 60 nm half-pitch line pattern resulted in the defect-free deposition of TiO<sub>2</sub> at the bottom of the trenches. Cyclic fluorination demonstrated better growth inhibition compared to chlorination due to more efficient defect removal and retention of the favorable surface composition during plasma exposure. While exploring the TiO<sub>2</sub> nucleation defects at the limit of detection for conventional elemental analysis techniques (<1 × 10<sup>14</sup> at/cm<sup>2</sup>), we additionally highlight the value of imaging techniques such as atomic force microscopy for understanding defect formation mechanisms and accurately assessing growth selectivity.
Probing the Atomic-Scale Structure of Amorphous Aluminum Oxide Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition (2020)

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a well-established technique for depositing nanoscale coatings with pristine control of film thickness and composition. The trimethylaluminum (TMA) and water (H<sub>2</sub>O) ALD chemistry is inarguably the most widely used and yet to date, we have little information about the atomic-scale structure of the amorphous aluminum oxide (AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub>) formed by this chemistry. This lack of understanding hinders our ability to establish process-structure-property relationships and ultimately limits technological advancements employing AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> made <i>via</i> ALD. In this work, we employ synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD) coupled with pair distribution function (PDF) analysis to characterize the atomic structure of amorphous AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> ALD coatings. We combine <i>ex situ</i> and <i>in operando</i> HE-XRD measurements on ALD AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> and fit these experimental data using stochastic structural modeling to reveal variations in the Al-O bond length, Al and O coordination environment, and extent of Al vacancies as a function of growth conditions. In particular, the local atomic structure of ALD AlO<sub><i>x</i></sub> is found to change with the substrate and number of ALD cycles. The observed trends are consistent with the formation of bulk Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> surrounded by an O-rich surface layer. We deconvolute these data to reveal atomic-scale structural information for both the bulk and surface phases. Overall, this work demonstrates the usefulness of HE-XRD and PDF analysis in improving our understanding of the structure of amorphous ALD thin films and provides a pathway to evaluate how process changes impact the structure and properties of ALD films.
Synergy and oxygen adaptation for development of next-generation probiotics (2023)

The human gut microbiota has gained interest as an environmental factor that may contribute to health or disease<sup>1</sup>. The development of next-generation probiotics is a promising strategy to modulate the gut microbiota and improve human health; however, several key candidate next-generation probiotics are strictly anaerobic<sup>2</sup> and may require synergy with other bacteria for optimal growth. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii is a highly prevalent and abundant human gut bacterium associated with human health, but it has not yet been developed into probiotic formulations<sup>2</sup>. Here we describe the co-isolation of F. prausnitzii and Desulfovibrio piger, a sulfate-reducing bacterium, and their cross-feeding for growth and butyrate production. To produce a next-generation probiotic formulation, we adapted F. prausnitzii to tolerate oxygen exposure, and, in proof-of-concept studies, we demonstrate that the symbiotic product is tolerated by mice and humans (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03728868 ) and is detected in the human gut in a subset of study participants. Our study describes a technology for the production of next-generation probiotics based on the adaptation of strictly anaerobic bacteria to tolerate oxygen exposures without a reduction in potential beneficial properties. Our technology may be used for the development of other strictly anaerobic strains as next-generation probiotics.
Scoliosis Surgery in Cerebral Palsy (2009)

Compared with custom-bent rods, unit rods provided superior correction of pelvic obliquity but were associated with higher transfusion requirements, higher infection rates, more proximal fixation problems, and longer intensive care unit and hospital stays.
100 Years of Progress in Applied Meteorology. Part III: Additional Applications (2018)

Abstract Applied meteorology is an important and rapidly growing field. This chapter concludes the three-chapter series of this monograph describing how meteorological information can be used to serve society’s needs while at the same time advancing our understanding of the basics of the science. This chapter continues along the lines of Part II of this series by discussing ways that meteorological and climate information can help to improve the output of the agriculture and food-security sector. It also discusses how agriculture alters climate and its long-term implications. It finally pulls together several of the applications discussed by treating the food–energy–water nexus. The remaining topics of this chapter are those that are advancing rapidly with more opportunities for observation and needs for prediction. The study of space weather is advancing our understanding of how the barrage of particles from other planetary bodies in the solar system impacts Earth’s atmosphere. Our ability to predict wildland fires by coupling atmospheric and fire-behavior models is beginning to impact decision-support systems for firefighters. Last, we examine how artificial intelligence is changing the way we predict, emulate, and optimize our meteorological variables and its potential to amplify our capabilities. Many of these advances are directly due to the rapid increase in observational data and computer power. The applications reviewed in this series of chapters are not comprehensive, but they will whet the reader’s appetite for learning more about how meteorology can make a concrete impact on the world’s population by enhancing access to resources, preserving the environment, and feeding back into a better understanding how the pieces of the environmental system interact.
Brain histamine H1 receptor occupancy of loratadine measured by positron emission topography: comparison of H1 receptor occupancy and proportional impairment ratio (2011)

Measurement of H1RO is a sensitive and absolute method to characterize the non-sedating property of drugs with H1 antagonistic activity.
Unveiling the Bio-corona Fingerprinting of Potential Anticancer Carbon Nanotubes Coupled with d-Amino Acid Oxidase (2022)

The oxidation therapy, based on the controlled production of Reactive Oxygen Species directly into the tumor site, was introduced as alternative antitumor approach. For this purpose, d-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) from the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis, an enzyme able to efficiently catalyze the production of hydrogen peroxide from d-amino acids, was adsorbed onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), previously functionalized with polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) at different degrees to reduce their toxicity, to be targeted directly into the tumor. In vitro activity and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that DAAO-functionalized nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) produced H2O2 and induced toxic effects to selected tumor cell lines. After incubation in human plasma, the protein corona was investigated by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis. The enzyme nanocarriers generally seemed to favor their biocompatibility, promoting the interaction with dysopsonins. Despite this, PLGA or high degree of PEGylation promoted the adsorption of immunoglobulins with a possible activation of immune response and this effect was probably due to PLGA hydrophobicity and dimensions and to the production of specific antibodies against PEG. In conclusion, the PEGylated MWCNTs at low degree seemed the most biocompatible nanocarrier for adsorbed DAAO, preserving its anticancer activity and forming a bio-corona able to reduce both defensive responses and blood clearance.
Evanescent field response to small features on a planar waveguide biosensor (2006)

The response of a novel waveguide biosensor to 30 nm thick, ~1 mum diameter organic features is evaluated using near-field scanning optical microscopy and compared with numerical simulations
Nanometer-Scale Electropolymerization of Aniline Using the Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1996)

The platinum tip of a scanning tunneling microscope is employed to direct the electropolymerization of aniline on nanometer-scale regions of a graphite surface which is immersed in an aqueous, aniline-containing electrolyte. The electropolymerization of aniline is initiated by two bias voltage pulses which are applied in rapid succession: The first(tip-negative) 6.0 V × 5 μscauses the formation of a pit in the graphite surface, and the second(tip-negative) 3.0 V × 50 μsinduces the oxidation and the subsequent polymerization of aniline at this pit to form a particle of polyaniline (PANI). These PANI particles varied from 100 to 600Å in diameter and 10 to 200 Å in height. Nanoscopic PANI particles prepared by this method are shown to be electrochemically responsive: A comparison of in-situ STM images of individual PANI particles acquired at sample potentials which are positive and negative of the PANI oxidation potential reveals that the volume of a particle is larger by ≈30% in the oxidized emeraldine form than in the reduced leucoemeraldine form as a consequence of the higher solvent and anion content of the oxidized PANI particle. The results of in-situ STM experiments, ex-situ electrochemical measurements, and Monte Carlo simulations of transport collectively provide information on the mechanism of PANI particle growth. On the basis of these data, it is postulated that the aniline involved in PANI particle synthesis is derived from an adsorbed monolayer at the graphite surface.