gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical absorption measurements from single semiconductor quantum dots (2002)

Summary form only given. Size fluctuations in ensembles of semiconductor quantum dots lead to inhomogeneous broadening, which mask the intrinsic properties of individual quantum dots. In recent years, many research groups have chosen photoluminescence (PL) to optically probe individual quantum dots due to the sensitivity and simplicity of PL. However, the amount of information extracted from PL is limited. Absorption measurements can complement PL studies and provide important quantitative information such as dipole moments and dephasing rates without any complications arising from spectral and spatial diffusion. The interface fluctuation quantum dots formed in a 6.2 nm GaAs/Al/sub 0.3/Ga/sub 0.7/As quantum well are probed with high spatial resolution through submicron apertures in a 100 nm thick Al mask on the sample surface.
Reconstruction of the Acromioclavicular Ligament Complex Using Dermal Allograft: A Biomechanical Analysis (2019)

Purpose To analyze the posterior translational and rotational stability of the acromioclavicular (AC) joint following reconstruction of the superior acromioclavicular ligament complex (ACLC) using dermal allograft. Methods Six fresh‐frozen cadaveric shoulders were used (mean age of 65.3 ± 6.9 years). The resistance force against posterior translation (10 mm) and torque against posterior rotation (20°) was measured. Specimens were first tested with both the intact ACLC and coracoclavicular ligaments. The ACLC and coracoclavicular ligaments were then transected so simulate a Type III/V AC joint dislocation. Each specimen then underwent 3 testing conditions, performed in the following order: (1) ACLC patch reconstruction alone, (2) ACLC patch with an anatomic coracoclavicular reconstruction (ACCR) using semitendinosus allograft, and (3) the transected ACLC with an ACCR only. Differences in posterior translational and rotational torque across testing conditions were analyzed with a one‐way repeated analysis of variance analysis. Results Mean resistance against posterior translation in the intact condition was 65.76 ± 23.8 N. No significant difference found between the intact condition compared with specimens with the ACLC‐patch only (44.2 ± 11.3 N, P = .06). The ACCR technique, when tested alone, had significantly less posterior translational resistance compared with the intact condition (38.5 ± 8.94 N, P = .008). ACLC patch in combination with an ACCR was closest in restoring native posterior translation (57.1 ± 19.2 N, P = .75). For rotational resistance, only the addition of the ACLC patch with an ACCR (0.51 ± 0.07 N‐m) demonstrated similar torque compared with the intact joint (0.89 ± 0.5 N‐m, P = .06). Conclusions The ACLC‐patch plus ACCR technique was able to closest restore the percent of normal posterior translational and rotational stability. Clinical Relevance Recurrent posterior instability of the AC joint is a potential complication after coracoclavicular reconstruction surgery. In the in vitro setting, this study demonstrated increased AC joint stability with the addition of an ACLC reconstruction using dermal allograft.
Low-Temperature-Processed Brookite-Based TiO2 Heterophase Junction Enhances Performance of Planar Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

In the design of electron-transport layers (ETLs) to enhance the efficiency of planar perovskite solar cells (PSCs), facile electron extraction and transport are important features. Here, we consider the effects of different titanium oxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) polymorphs, anatase and brookite. We design and fabricate high-phase-purity, single-crystalline, highly conductive, and low-temperature (<180 °C)-processed brookite-based TiO<sub>2</sub> heterophase junctions on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) as the substrate. We test and compare single-phase anatase (A) and brookite (B) and heterophase anatase-brookite (AB) and brookite-anatase (BA) as ETLs in PSCs. The power-conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of PSCs with low-temperature-processed single-layer FTO-B as the ETL were as high as 14.92%, which is the highest reported efficiency of FTO-B-based single-layer PSC. This implies that FTO-B serves as an active phase and can be a potential candidate as an n-type ETL scaffold in planar PSCs. Moreover, the surface of highly crystalline brookite TiO<sub>2</sub> exhibits a tendency toward interparticle necking, leading to the formation of compact scaffolds. Furthermore, PSCs with heterophase junction FTO-AB ETLs exhibited PCEs as high as 16.82%, which is superior to those of PSCs with single-phase anatase (FTO-A) and brookite (FTO-B) as the ETLs (13.86% and 14.92%, respectively). In addition, the PSCs with FTO-AB exhibited improved efficiency and decreased hysteresis compared with those with FTO-BA (13.45%) due to the suitable band alignment with the perovskite layer, which resulted in superior photogenerated charge-carrier extraction and reduced charge accumulation at the interface between the heterophase junction and perovskite. Thus, the present work presents an effective strategy by which to develop heterophase junction ETLs and manipulate the interfacial energy band to further improve the performance of planar PSCs and enable the clean and eco-friendly fabrication of low-cost mass production.
Effect of Impeller Speed Modulation on Isolated Mixing Regions in Stirred Vessels (2008)

Inefficient mixing in stirred vessels at low Reynolds numbers has been studied extensively over recent years. This paper investigates the mixing effects of square wave modulation protocol on isolated mixing regions (IMRs) in a stirred vessel using a Newtonian fluid. Glycerin was agitated using a standard six-bladed Rushton turbine inside an unbaffled tank. The impeller speed was modulated using a square wave protocol at two fixed amplitudes: A1 = 20 (Re{max} = 60 to Re{min} = 40) and A2 = 30 (Re{max} = 60 to Re{min} = 30) with different wave periods of 10 s and 40 s. The IMR structures was determined using a non-intrusive technique based on direct visualisation of an acid-base reaction with fluorescent green dye as a passive indicator. The volume of the IMR structures was determined using digital images taken during the mixing process. It was found that laminar mixing under Re &amp;lt; 100 could be enhanced by modulating the amplitude and also the wave period. It was also discovered that the IMR structures could be destroyed easily within Nt{m} (dimensionless mixing time) &amp;lt; 150 for upper envelope (UE) volume and Nt{m} &amp;lt; 463 for lower envelope (LE) volume using square wave protocol with shortest wave period and larger amplitude, thus producing a better mixing performance.
Easy Access to N,N-Bis(but-3-enyl)-, N-Allyl-N-(but-3-enyl)-, and N-(But-3-ynyl)-N-(but-3-enyl)-amines (2002)

N,N-Bis(but-3-enyl)amines 5a-i were prepared in overall 74% yield from 1-(triphenylphosphoroylideneaminoalkyl)benzotriazole using an aza-Wittig reaction with aldehydes followed by a double Grignard reaction with allylmagnesium bromide. Use of vinyl or 1-propynylmagnesium bromide and allylmagnesium bromide in a sequential fashion also formed the expected doubly unsaturated amines 9a,b and 12, respectively.
Evolution of thread-level parallelism in desktop applications (2010)

As the effective limits of frequency and instruction level parallelism have been reached, the strategy of microprocessor vendors has changed to increase the number of processing cores on a single chip each generation. The implicit expectation is that software developers will write their applications with concurrency in mind to take advantage of this sudden change in direction. In this study we analyze whether software developers for laptop/desktop machines have followed the recent hardware trends by creating software for chip multi-processing. We conduct a study of a wide range of applications on Microsoft Windows 7 and Apple's OS X Snow Leopard, measuring Thread Level Parallelism on a high performance workstation and a low power desktop. In addition, we explore graphics processing units (GPUs) and their impact on chip multi-processing. We compare our findings to a study done 10 years ago which concluded that a second core was sufficient to improve system responsiveness. Our results on today's machines show that, 10 years later, surprisingly 2-3 cores are more than adequate for most applications and that the GPU often remains under-utilized. However, in some application specific domains an 8 core SMT system with a 240 core GPU can be effectively utilized. Overall these studies suggest that many-core architectures are not a natural fit for current desktop/laptop applications.
Laser-fabricated low-loss single-mode waveguiding devices in GaAs (1992)

A maskless laser etching technique was used to fabricate novel waveguides and waveguiding structures directly into the surface of GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. The modal and loss properties of these groove-defined structures have been measured as a function of waveguide geometry, and low-loss single-mode waveguides have been produced. The technique was used to fabricate various passive optical devices in a single processing step. Waveguide bend and branch losses were measured and are comparable to those in conventionally fabricated devices. Experimental results are described by simple theoretical models. The technique is attractive as a prototyping tool for developing and testing new integrated optic circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Total Synthesis of Brevetoxin A: Part 3: Construction of GHIJ and BCDE Ring Systems (1999)

Pivotal intermediates in the total synthesis of brevetoxin A are the BCDE and the GHIJ ring systems. Several of the previously developed methodologies such as hydroxy epoxide cyclizations, hydroxy dithioketal cyclizations, and Pd-catalyzed coupling with bis(cyclic ketene acetal phosphates) were employed to achieve these synthetic goals.
NDIR CO2 gas sensing using CMOS compatible MEMS ScAlN-based pyroelectric detector (2021)

We demonstrate NDIR CO2 gas sensing using CMOS compatible MEMS ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors. The ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors are fabricated using 8-inch wafer level technology with 12 % Sc-doped AlN deposited at a temperature of ∼200 °C. Together with a blackbody thermal emitter, a 10 cm long enclosed gas channel with only inlet and outlet holes connected to tubings, and testing using 2 different reference gases (N2 and synthetic air), measurements show voltage signal drop due to CO2 gas absorption at the 4.26 μm wavelength at CO2 gas concentrations ranging from 5000 ppm down to 25 ppm. The signal change due to the CO2 gas response ranges from ∼2% at 100 ppm CO2 concentration to ∼40 % at 5000 ppm CO2 gas concentration for both CO2 gas measured in N2 and in synthetic air. CO2 gas response times are also measured for CO2 gas in N2 and in synthetic air at concentrations of 5000 ppm, 1000 ppm and 400 ppm. The gas response times measured around 2 s and lower. Introduction of humidity show some minor effect (<3%) to the CO2 gas response and seems most perturbed at 10 % relative humidity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration using ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors in NDIR CO2 gas sensing, towards practical sensor applications. The results obtained show promise in using CMOS-compatible MEMS ScAlN-based pyroelectric detectors for NDIR gas sensing, opening up possibilities for low cost, wafer-level, monolithic NDIR gas sensors with small footprint integrated with CMOS circuits.
Functional adaptation of bovine mesenteric lymphatic vessels to mesenteric venous hypertension (2014)

Lymph flow is the primary mechanism for returning interstitial fluid to the blood circulation. Currently, the adaptive response of lymphatic vessels to mesenteric venous hypertension is not known. This study sought to determine the functional responses of postnodal mesenteric lymphatic vessels. We surgically occluded bovine mesenteric veins to create mesenteric venous hypertension to elevate mesenteric lymph flow. Three days after surgery, postnodal mesenteric lymphatic vessels from mesenteric venous hypertension (MVH; n = 7) and sham surgery (Sham; n = 6) group animals were evaluated and compared. Contraction frequency (MVH: 2.98 ± 0.75 min(-1); Sham: 5.42 ± 0.81 min(-1)) and fractional pump flow (MVH: 1.14 ± 0.30 min(-1); Sham: 2.39 ± 0.32 min(-1)) were significantly lower in the venous occlusion group. These results indicate that postnodal mesenteric lymphatic vessels adapt to mesenteric venous hypertension by reducing intrinsic contractile activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrocatalysis and Charge‐Transfer Reactions at Redox‐Modified Zeolites (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Ribonucleoprotein Structures Along the Pathway of mRNA Formation (1989)

Heterogeneous nuclear RNAs (hnRNAs), some of which are mRNA precursors, and the mature mRNAs are associated in eukaryotic cells with specific proteins to form ribonucleoprotein complexes (RNP). The RNP proteins are likely to play a major role in the formation, packaging, processing, and function of mRNA. The major proteins that interact with hnRNA and with mRNA were identified by photochemical RNA-protein cross-linking in intact cells and monoclonal antibodies to several of these proteins were produced. Using these antibodies the hnRNP proteins were characterized and the hnRNP complex was isolated from vertebrate cell nuclei. The hnRNP complex is a unitary structure of consistent, defined and conserved components. The proteins of the hnRNP complex were identified and the general organization of hnRNA and proteins in the hRNP complex were studied.
MAC Efficiency Enhancement with ACK/NACK and AGC Pilot Signal Adaptation Mechanism in Millimeter-Wave Communication Systems (2010)

Millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless systems are a focus of great interest for very high data transmission rate in a short range. Considering short-range communication with a range of the order of several tens of centimeters, only terminals present in this communication range will be influenced. In one-to-one communication, a simpler and more efficient access mechanism is required. Current CSMA/CA based MAC has limits to achieve a high data transmission by reasons of the low MAC efficiency, which is caused by a high overhead of signal exchanges, like interframe space (IFS) and acknowledgement. This paper proposes two methods that enhance the MAC efficiency in shortrange one-to-one communication. The ACK/NACK mechanism uses Negative ACK (NACK) as the acknowledgement policy and solves a problem arising from NACK. The automatic gain control (AGC) pilot signal adaptation mechanism adapts the length of the pilot signals for AGC.
Generation of robust CD8+ T‐cell responses against subdominant epitopes in conserved regions of HIV‐1 by repertoire mining with mimotopes (2010)

HLA-A 0201-restricted virus-specific CD8(+) CTL do not appear to control HIV effectively in vivo. To enhance the immunogenicity of a highly conserved subdominant epitope, TV9 (TLNAWVKVV, p24 Gag(19-27)), mimotopes were designed by screening a large combinatorial nonapeptide library with TV9-specific CTL primed in vitro from healthy donors. A mimic peptide with a low binding affinity to HLA-A 0201, TV9p6 (KINAWIKVV), was studied further. Parallel cultures of in vitro-primed CTL showed that TV9p6 consistently activated cross-reactive and equally functional CTL as measured by cytotoxicity, cytokine production and suppression of HIV replication in vitro. Comparison of TCRB gene usage between CTL primed from the same donors with TV9 or TV9p6 revealed a degree of clonal overlap in some cases and an example of a conserved TCRB sequence encoded distinctly at the nucleotide level between individuals (a "public" TCR); however, in the main, distinct clonotypes were recruited by each peptide antigen. These findings indicate that mimotopes can mobilize functional cross-reactive clonotypes that are less readily recruited from the naïve T-cell pool by the corresponding WT epitope. Mimotope-induced repertoire diversification could potentially override subdominance under certain circumstances and enhance vaccine-induced responses to conserved but poorly immunogenic determinants within the HIV proteome.
Nanoparticles Targeting the Infarcted Heart (2011)

We report a nanoparticulate system capable of targeting the heart after myocardial infarction (MI). Targeting is based on overexpression of angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor in the infarcted heart. Liposomes 142 nm in diameter were conjugated with a ligand specific to AT1. The nanoparticles were able to specifically target cardiac cells in vitro, and in the infarcted heart after intravenous injection in vivo. This system may be useful for delivering therapeutic agents specifically to the infarcted heart.
EUV extendibility research at Berkeley Lab (2017)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) Lithography remains the preferred technology to replace DUV immersion lithography in high volume production at the 7-nm node and beyond. With numerous 0.33 numerical aperture (NA) tools in the field, EUV has proven itself as technically extremely capable, yet availability remains a gating item for the insertion of EUV into high volume production. With 0.33-NA so close to production, the research and development activity in EUV has now in large part shifted over to high NA (≥ 0.5). High NA EUV significantly stresses several current challenges and gives rise to fundamentally new challenges. The most significant new challenge arises from angular bandwidth limitations of the mask multilayer requiring the use of anamorphic optics [1] or new multilayer material systems. The most significant extended challenge revolves around stochastics in photoresist materials and exposure processes. To address these challenges, a new suite of tools has and is being developed at Berkeley Lab including a variable NA mask imaging microscope [2] and a 0.5-NA microfield exposure tool [3-5]. These tools build on to existing facilities at Berkeley including a 0.3-NA microfield exposure tool [6] and an EUV reflectometer/scatterometer [7].
Development of an Integrated Sensorimotor Countermeasure Suite for Spaceflight Operations (2017)

Astronauts experience Postflight disturbances in postural and locomotor control due to sensorimotor adaptation to the unique environment of spaceflight. These alterations might have adverse consequences if a rapid egress were required following a Mars landing or on return to Earth after a water landing. Currently, no operational countermeasure is targeted to mitigate Postflight balance and locomotor dysfunction.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐Phosphonovinyl Nonaflates: Their Synthesis and Cross‐Coupling Reactions. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oral administration of a catalase-producing Lactococcus lactis can prevent a chemically induced colon cancer in mice (2007)

Reactive oxygen species, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are involved in various aspects of tumour development. Decreasing their levels can therefore be a promising approach for colon cancer prevention. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of catalase-producing Lactococcus lactis on the prevention of an experimental murine 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer. DMH-treated BALB/c mice received either a catalase-producing L. lactis strain or the isogenic non-catalase-producing strain as a control, whereas other untreated mice did not receive bacterial supplementation. Catalase activity and H2O2 levels in intestinal fluids and blood samples were measured, and changes in the histology of the large intestines during tumour progression were evaluated. The catalase-producing L. lactis strain used in this study was able to slightly increase catalase activities in DMH-treated mice (1.19+/-0.08 U ml(-1)) and reduce H2O2 levels (3.4+/-1.1 microM) compared to (i) animals that received the non-catalase-producing strain (1.00+/-0.09 U ml(-1), 9.0+/-0.8 microM), and (ii) those that did not receive bacterial supplementation (1.06+/-0.07 U ml(-1), 10.0+/-1.1 microM). Using the histopathological grading scale of chemically induced colorectal cancer, animals that received the catalase-producing L. lactis had a significantly lesser extent of colonic damage and inflammation (2.0+/-0.4) compared to animals that received the non-catalase-producing L. lactis (4.0+/-0.3) or those that did not receive bacterial supplementation (4.7+/-0.5). The catalase-producing L. lactis strain used in this study was able to prevent tumour appearance in an experimental DMH-induced colon cancer model.
Baseline functionality for security and control of commodity IoT devices\n and domain-controlled device lifecycle management (2018)

The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) drastically increases the number of\nconnected devices in homes, workplaces and smart city infrastructures. This\ndrives a need for means to not only ensure confidentiality of device-related\ncommunications, but for device configuration and management---ensuring that\nonly legitimate devices are granted privileges to a local domain, that only\nauthorized agents have access to the device and data it holds, and that\nsoftware updates are authentic. The need to support device on-boarding, ongoing\ndevice management and control, and secure decommissioning dictates a suite of\nkey management services for both access control to devices, and access by\ndevices to wireless infrastructure and networked resources. We identify this\ncore functionality, and argue for the recognition of efficient and reliable key\nmanagement support---both within IoT devices, and by a unifying external\nmanagement platform---as a baseline requirement for an IoT world. We present a\nframework architecture to facilitate secure, flexible and convenient device\nmanagement in commodity IoT scenarios, and offer an illustrative set of\nprotocols as a base solution---not to promote specific solution details, but to\nhighlight baseline functionality to help domain owners oversee deployments of\nlarge numbers of independent multi-vendor IoT devices.\n
Mangez des fruits (2001)

Dans une revue systematique des etudes randomisees contre placebo publiees (10 etudes avec la progesterone et 4 etudes avec les proges-tatifs), une equipe anglaise montre que la difference moyenne globale standardisee pour toutes les etudes jugeant de l'effet de la progesterone etait de -0,028. L'odds ratio etait de 1,05 en faveur de la progesterone, ce qui traduit une difference cliniquement tres minime entre la progesterone et le placebo. Pour les progestatifs, la moyenne globale standardisee etait de –0,036, qui correspond a un odds ratio de 1,07 montrant la encore une amelioration statistiquement mais non cliniquement significative en faveur des progestatifs (figure). \rIl apparait donc clairement, d'apres ces meta-analyses, que l'utilisation de la progesterone ou des progestatifs dans la prise en charge du syndrome premenstruel est de peu d'interet ! Wyatt K., et al. 2001. Efficacy of progesterone and progestogens in management of premenstrual syndrome : systematic review. BMJ 323 : 776-780.