gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aerothermodynamics Technical Working Group: 2008 Turbomachinery Technology Assessment and Recommendations (2020)

This report documents the 2008 Turbomachinery Technology Assessment and Recommendations of the NASA-led Aerothermodynamics Technical Working Group (TWG). It includes technology review, assessment, and recommendation for future research and development. The areas covered are summarized as follows. Inlet Flow Distortion Sensitivity and Stability, Tip Leakage Flows in High-Pressure Cores, Endwall Contouring, Turbine Tip Flows, Combustor and Cooled-Turbine Interaction, Highly Loaded Low-Pressure Turbines.
Feasibility of Multimode Polycrystalline Waveguides/Devices: Record Low Propagation Loss and Uniform 1×12 MMI Fanout (2012)

We investigate the loss dependence of multimode polysilicon waveguide widths, achieving a record low propagation loss of 3 dB/cm as well as demonstrating a low loss and high uniformity 1×12 multimode interference (MMI) beam splitter.
Smooth and selective photo-electrochemical etching of heavily doped GaN:Si using a mode-locked 355 nm microchip laser (2016)

Abstract We investigate the photo-electrochemical (PEC) etching of Si-doped GaN samples grown on nonpolar GaN substrates, using a KOH/K 2 S 2 O 8 solution and illuminated by a Xe arc lamp or a Q-switched 355 nm laser. The etch rate with the arc lamp decreased as the doping concentration increased, and the etching stopped for concentrations above 7.7 × 10 18 cm −3 . The high peak intensity of the Q-switched laser extended the etchable concentration to 2.4 × 10 19 cm −3 , with an etch rate of 14 nm/min. Compositionally selective etching was demonstrated, with an RMS surface roughness of 1.6 nm after etching down to an n-Al 0.20 Ga 0.80 N etch stop layer.
Site-specific collapse dynamics guide the formation of the cytochrome c′ four-helix bundle (2006)

The evolution of tryptophan-to-heme (W/heme) distance distributions extracted from analysis of fluorescence energy transfer kinetics during the refolding of Rhodopseudomonas palustris cytochrome c' reveals dramatic differences between two variants [W32 (Q1A/F32W/W72F) and W72 (Q1A)]. Both W32/heme and W72/heme distance distributions measured at the earliest time point attainable with a continuous-flow mixer (150 mus) confirm that the polypeptide ensemble is not uniformly collapsed and that native structure is not formed. Time-resolved fluorescence spectra indicate that W32 is sequestered from the aqueous solution during the first 700 mus of folding, whereas W72 remains exposed to solvent. The first moment of the W32/heme distance distribution evolves to its native value faster than that of W72, suggesting that the approach of W32 to the heme precedes that of W72.
Distance dependence of electronic energy transfer between donor and acceptor adlayers: p-terphenyl and 9,10-diphenylanthracene (1994)

Investigations of energy transfer between adlayers on single-crystal surfaces provide a unique opportunity to explore electronic energy transfer in restricted geometries. In this study, laser induced fluorescence techniques and donor quantum yield measurements were used to examine the distance dependence of electronic energy transfer between donor and acceptor adlayers on Al2O3(0001). The donor adlayer was p-terphenyl, the acceptor adlayer was 9,10-diphenylanthracene, and n-butane was the variable spacer adlayer. The electronic energy transfer rates vs spacer thickness were determined at both 30 and 85 K in ultra high vacuum. The butane spacer experiments showed that the donor energy transfer rate decreased with a 1/d3 dependence, where d is the thickness of the spacer adlayer. Given a Förster quantum mechanical or a Kuhn classical energy transfer mechanism with randomly oriented dipoles, a 1/d3 distance dependence is consistent with resonance electronic energy transfer from a two-dimensional donor adlayer to a three-dimensional array of acceptors. The spacer measurements yielded a critical transfer distance of d0=44 ±4 Å at 30 K and d0=33 ±6 Å at 85 K. The differences in the critical transfer distance at 30 and 85 K could be explained by the redshift in the p-terphenyl fluorescence spectrum at 85 K that reduces the overlap between the donor fluorescence and acceptor absorption spectra. Values of d0=44 Å at 30 K and d0=35 Å at 85 K were calculated theoretically from a 1/d3 analysis and were in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements. The rate of donor–donor intralayer energy migration was also determined by measuring the electronic energy transfer rate versus donor coverage on the acceptor adlayer. The donor quantum yield measurements versus donor adlayer coverage were consistent with the spacer results and indicated that electronic energy migration does not occur within the p-terphenyl adlayer. These results vs spacer thickness and donor coverage reveal that electronic energy transfer in spatially confined geometries can be described using a modified Kuhn energy transfer mechanism.
Mutation Integration Testing (2016)

In integration testing, integrated software modules or components are evaluated as a whole to determine if they behave correctly. Mutation testing is recognized as one of the strongest approaches for evaluating the effectiveness of test suites, and it is important to generate effective mutants efficiently for integration tests. However, it is difficult to generate integration mutants that create an error state in one component with certain assurances that this error state will affect computations in some other components. Unfortunately, little research exists that addresses this big and important problem to improve the quality of integration test suites. In this paper, we propose a theory and a solution for generating mutants that specifically target integration tests. We formulate a fault model for integration bugs that uses static dataflow analysis to obtain information about how integrated components interact in an application. Integration mutants are generated by applying mutation operators to instructions that lie in dataflow paths among integrated components. We implemented our approach and evaluated it on five open-source applications. In comparison to muJava, our approach reduces the number of generated mutants by up to approximately 19 times with a strong power to determine inadequacies in integration test suites.
Three tetranucleotide polymorphisms for loci: D3S1352; D3S1358; D3S1359 (1993)

Journal Article Three tetranucleotide polymorphisms for loci: D3S1352; D3S1358; D3S1359 Get access Hua Li, Hua Li Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laura Schmidt, Laura Schmidt Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Ming-Hui Wei, Ming-Hui Wei Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Thomas Hustad, Thomas Hustad Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Michael I. Lerman, Michael I. Lerman 1Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21702, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Berton Zbar, Berton Zbar 1Laboratory of Immunobiology, National Cancer Institute, Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21702, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kalman Tory Kalman Tory * *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 8, August 1993, Page 1327, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.8.1327 Published: 01 August 1993
Identification of the genomic mutation inEpha4rb-2J/rb-2Jmice (2016)

The EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase is involved in numerous cell-signalling activities during embryonic development. EphA4 has the ability to bind to both types of ephrin ligands, the ephrinAs and ephrinBs. The C57BL/6J-Epha4rb-2J/GrsrJ strain, denoted Epha4(rb-2J/rb-2J), is a spontaneous mouse mutant that arose at The Jackson Laboratory. These mutants exhibited a synchronous hind limb locomotion defect or "hopping gait" phenotype, which is also characteristic of EphA4 null mice. Genetic complementation experiments suggested that Epha4(rb-2J) corresponds to an allele of EphA4, but details of the genomic defect in this mouse mutant are currently unavailable. We found a single base-pair deletion in exon 9 resulting in a frame shift mutation that subsequently resulted in a premature stop codon. Analysis of the predicted structure of the truncated protein suggests that both the kinase and sterile α motif (SAM) domains are absent. Definitive determination of genotype is needed for experimental studies of mice carrying the Epha4(rb-2J) allele, and we have also developed a method to ease detection of the mutation through RFLP. Eph-ephrin family members are reportedly expressed as numerous isoforms. Hence, delineation of the specific mutation in EphA4 in this strain is important for further functional studies, such as protein-protein interactions, immunostaining and gene compensatory studies, investigating the mechanism underlying the effects of altered function of Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases on phenotype.
Planar Avalanche Photodiode for Long-Haul Single-Photon Optic Fiber Communications (2007)

We present a high-performance planar GaInAs/InP avalanche photodiode (APD) for long-haul single-photon optic fiber communications, that is, quantum cryptography. The APDs for single-photon communications require a high single-photon detection efficiency (ηdet) relating to bitrate and a low ratio of dark count probability (Pdc) to ηdet limiting communication distance. We fabricated the APD with the combination of a long multiplication region length and a low carrier sheet density on the basis of numerical analysis. The Pdc/ηdet monotonically decreased with operation temperature lowered, and the ratio reached 5.9 ×10-6 with the ηdet of 13% at 77 K. The Pdc was 7.7 ×10-7, which corresponds to a dark count rate of 0.38 kHz. The useful APD and the effective layer design are reported.
Structural Insights into Bound Water in Crystalline Amino Acids: Experimental and Theoretical 17O NMR (2015)

We demonstrate here that the (17)O NMR properties of bound water in a series of amino acids and dipeptides can be determined with a combination of nonspinning and magic-angle spinning experiments using a range of magnetic field strengths from 9.4 to 21.1 T. Furthermore, we propose a (17)O chemical shift fingerprint region for bound water molecules in biological solids that is well outside the previously determined ranges for carbonyl, carboxylic, and hydroxyl oxygens, thereby offering the ability to resolve multiple (17)O environments using rapid one-dimensional NMR techniques. Finally, we compare our experimental data against quantum chemical calculations using GIPAW and hybrid-DFT, finding intriguing discrepancies between the electric field gradients calculated from structures determined by X-ray and neutron diffraction.
Integrated quantum optical networks based on quantum dots and photonic crystals (2011)

Single solid-state optical emitters have quantum mechanical properties that make them suitable for applications in information processing and sensing. Most of these quantum technologies rely on the capability to integrate the emitters in reliable solid-state optical networks. In this paper, we present integrated devices based on GaAs photonic crystals and InAs self-assembled quantum dots. These quantum networks are well suited to future optoelectronic devices operating at ultralow power levels, single-photon logic devices and quantum information processing.
Complete atrioventricular block in a patient with intracardiac metastases from malignant melanoma (2011)

Malignant melanomas likely metastasize to the heart. We report a complete atrioventricular (AV) block in a 47-year-old woman with intracardiac metastases from malignant melanoma. She had a previous history of melanoma and is regularly followed by our Institution. A 12-lead electrocardiogram during routine cardiological follow-up showed a complete AV block, with a heart rate …
Avalanche UTC Photodetector Using InAlAs Collection Layer at High Frequency Range (2023)

We propose a novel avalanche uni-traveling-carrier type photodetector (UTC-PD) using InAlAs as the collection layer. This UTC-PD achieves an f 3-dB of 43 GHz and near 30 GHz at multiplication factor of 1 and 2 respectively.
Mastering the Art of Cylinder Bore Honing (2020)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Honing is a stock removal process intended to perfect bore geometry and size by removing a minimal metal layer while generating a finish pattern to provide optimum lubricant retention. The hone process produces extremely tight tolerances in straightness, roundness, size, and surface finish of cylindrical bores. The material removal is effected by abrasive stones of suitable grit and grade that are expanded against the work surface of the cylinder bore under controlled pressure while being rotated and reciprocated at the same time. Combining these motions produces a characteristic crosshatch pattern with a dedicated surface roughness profile essential for the piston/bore tribology, which in its turn affects the engine performance. Multistep honing processes that combine rough honing with peak or plateau honing are increasingly used to produce state-of-the-art surface finishes without compromising productivity. The outcome of the honing process - not only in terms of the GD&amp;amp;T but also the tribology of the finished component - depends on a great number of parameters including the machine type, working conditions, tools, process fluid, and most importantly the operator experience. As the piston/bore tribology is concerned, mechanochemical processes offers significant advantages over conventional mechanical processes. Thus, the mechanochemical finishing of cylinder bores using the Triboconditioning® process allows one to reduce friction mean effective pressure of the piston/bore system by 5 to 15% at the same time significantly reducing piston ring wear, blowby and oil consumption.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Quotient Image: Class-Based Re-Rendering and Recognition with (2001)

The paper addresses the problem of image-based recognition and rendering with varying illumination. The rendering problem is defined as follows: Given a single input image of an object and a sample of images with varying illumination conditions of other objects of the same general class, re-render the input image to simulate new illumination conditions. The class-based recognition problem is similarly defined: Given a single image of an object in a database of images of other objects, some of them are multiply sampled under varying illumination, identify (match) any novel image of that object under varying illumination with the single image of that object in the database. We focus on Lambertian surface classes and, in particular, the class of human faces. The key result in our approach is based on a definition of an illumination invariant signature image which enables an analytic generation of the image space with varying illumination. We show that a small database of objects—in our experiments as few as two objects—is sufficient for generating the image space with varying illumination of any new object of the class from a single input image of that object. In many cases, the recognition results outperform by far conventional methods and the re-rendering is of remarkable quality considering the size of the database of example images and the mild preprocess required for making the algorithm work.
Novel combination markers for predicting progression of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (2011)

To identify prognostic markers in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), the combined effect of RUNX3 and MGC17624 for predicting NMIBC progression was assessed. RUNX3 promoter methylation was examined using methylation specific-polymerase chain reaction (MS-PCR). MGC17624 mRNA expression was evaluated by real-time PCR. Patients were divided into three groups according to the status of the two genes and the prognostic effects of these markers were evaluated. The median follow-up period was 57.8 months (range, 9.1-189.7). The mRNA expression level of MGC17624 was significantly lower in patients with positive RUNX3 methylation than in those with negative methylation (p = 0.047). Kaplan-Meier estimates showed significant differences in time-to-progression between the genetic combination predictors (log-rank test; p < 0.001). Patients with a poor predictive combination were at a significantly higher risk for progression [Hazard ratio (HR), 22.579] than patients with a good predictive combination in multivariate Cox regression analysis. In the subgroup analysis, a poor predictive combination accurately estimated progression in patients with intravesical therapy (HR, 20.081) and in those who experienced recurrence (HR, 54.233). Assessment of the status of RUNX3 and MGC17624 in combination was identified as a reliable method for predicting NMIBC progression.
<title>Generation of arbitrarily focused images by using multiple differently focused images</title> (1997)

In the paper, we propose a novel method of arbitrarily focused image acquisition using multiple differently focused images. First, we describe our previous select-and-merge method for all-focused image acquisition. We can get god results by using this method but it's not easy to extend this method for generating arbitrarily focused images. Then, based on the assumption that depth of the scene changes stepwise, we derive a formula for reconstruction between the desired arbitrarily focused image and multiple acquired images; we can reconstruct the arbitrarily focused image by iterative use of the formula. We also introduce coarse-to- fine estimation of PSFs of the acquired images. We show we can reconstruct arbitrarily focused images for a natural scene. In other words, we can simulate virtual cameras and synthesize images focused on arbitrarily depths.
Pulsed-Source Interferometry for Characterization of Resonant Micromachined Structures (1998)

We present a new microscopy tool for quantitative measurement of the resonant motion of microstructures. The new instrument uses optical interferometry to generate a three dimensional surface topographic map of a vibrating micromachined resonator in vacuwn. By strobing the light source, the image of the moving device is frozen at an arbitrary position in its vibration cycle. By varying the phase between the excitation signal and the pulsing of the light source, the out of plane motion of the resonant device can be measured with a resolution of less than0.5 nm.
Omics approaches to individual variation: modeling networks and the virtual patient (2016)

Every human is unique. We differ in our genomes, environment, behavior, disease history, and past and current medical treatment-a complex catalog of differences that often leads to variations in the way each of us responds to a particular therapy. We argue here that true personalization of drug therapies will rely on "virtual patient" models based on a detailed characterization of the individual patient by molecular, imaging, and sensor techniques. The models will be based, wherever possible, on the molecular mechanisms of disease processes and drug action but can also expand to hybrid models including statistics/machine learning/artificial intelligence-based elements trained on available data to address therapeutic areas or therapies for which insufficient information on mechanisms is available. Depending on the disease, its mechanisms, and the therapy, virtual patient models can be implemented at a fairly high level of abstraction, with molecular models representing cells, cell types, or organs relevant to the clinical question, interacting not only with each other but also the environment. In the future, "virtual patient/in-silico self" models may not only become a central element of our health care system, reducing otherwise unavoidable mistakes and unnecessary costs, but also act as "guardian angels" accompanying us through life to protect us against dangers and to help us to deal intelligently with our own health and wellness.
Diarrhea due to Cryptosporidium infection in artificially reared lambs (1981)

Severe diarrhea which lasted 7 to 12 days occurred in 40 of 48 artificially reared lambs within 5 to 12 days of birth, and 16 of them died. Of 16 diarrheic fecal samples examined, 10 contained Cryptosporidium oocysts and 1 contained rotavirus, but no other known enteropathogen was detected. Upon histological examination, cryptosporidia were found in the ilea of three affected lambs, and in one of them, villous atrophy and fusion, with epithelial cross-bridging between villi, were present in distal small intestine. Diarrhea was induced in two specific pathogen-free lambs by oral inoculation with fecal homogenate containing Cryptosporidium oocysts. Both the small and large intestines became infected with the organism, and associated lesions included stunting, fusion, and deformities of villi in the distal small intestine, with replacement of columnar enterocytes by immature cuboidal cells. Subclinical infections were induced in newborn specific pathogen-free mice and rats. Judged by these data, the lamb-derived Cryptosporidium sp. is similar to those recovered from calves, deer, and humans.
Polarisation optics for biomedical and clinical applications: a review (2021)

Many polarisation techniques have been harnessed for decades in biological and clinical research, each based upon measurement of the vectorial properties of light or the vectorial transformations imposed on light by objects. Various advanced vector measurement/sensing techniques, physical interpretation methods, and approaches to analyse biomedically relevant information have been developed and harnessed. In this review, we focus mainly on summarizing methodologies and applications related to tissue polarimetry, with an emphasis on the adoption of the Stokes-Mueller formalism. Several recent breakthroughs, development trends, and potential multi-modal uses in conjunction with other techniques are also presented. The primary goal of the review is to give the reader a general overview in the use of vectorial information that can be obtained by polarisation optics for applications in biomedical and clinical research.
Endurance of Si field emitters prepared by VLS technique (2002)

Field emitters, prepared from Si whiskers grown by Vapor-Liquid-Solid (VLS) technique show superior emission performance as compared with other Si-based emitters, due to their shape and high aspect ratio. In this paper the results about the endurance of Si VLS-emitters are first presented. Two types of samples were studied: (1) "tip-on-post" samples for applications as point electron sources and (2) large-area (up to 6 cm) wafer-grown Si FEA. The two types of the samples differ in VLS growth conditions, and as it was found, they have different endurance. The endurance problem can be subdivided in two parts: stability of emitting surface (apex) and endurance (life time) of emitters body during operation and long-term storage.
Production Processes for Smart Cards (2002)

Chapter Seven demonstrates how the chip modules and the card bodies are combined to form a single smart card unit. Production methods depend upon the specific application of the final card. Methods of production are outlined and examples of production mechanisms are illustrated. Production methods for contactless smart cards and dual interface smart cards with different antenna technologies are covered.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkanes to 4‐Nitro‐5‐styrylisoxazoles. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.