gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assessment of confirmed urinary tract infection in patients treated with dalfampridine for multiple sclerosis (2015)

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) were reported frequently with dalfampridine extended-release (dalfampridine-ER) 10 mg relative to placebo in previous multiple sclerosis (MS) studies. The objective of this study was to determine whether dalfampridine-ER is associated with increased incidence of confirmed UTIs in MS patients. This post hoc analysis used UTI data from a study comparing the 4-week safety and efficacy of 5 mg (n = 144) and 10 mg (n = 142) twice-daily dalfampridine-ER versus placebo (n = 143). To confirm UTIs, three clinical assessments were used: standard urinalysis (leukocytes > 5/high-power field); urine culture (≥ 100,000 and ≥ 10,000 colony-forming units [CFUs]/mL) for those who reported UTIs as adverse events (AEs) or had positive urinalysis; and UTI symptomatology. Fisher's exact test assessed statistical significance. The proportion of patients who reported UTIs as AEs in the placebo and dalfampridine-ER 5 mg and 10 mg groups were 5.6%, 6.3%, and 9.9%, respectively. In comparison, those with laboratory-confirmed UTIs were lower: ≥ 100,000 CFUs/mL: 4.2%, 2.8%, and 2.8%; and ≥ 10,000 CFUs/mL: 4.2%, 3.5%, and 4.9%, respectively (no significant statistical difference across treatments). The proportion of patients with confirmed UTI was similar between dalfampridine-ER and placebo, thus suggesting that the treatment does not increase the risk of UTIs.
Intramolecular pyrophosphate formation during N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) solid-phase synthesis of peptides containing adjacent phosphotyrosine residues. (1997)

The derivative N alpha-9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl-O-phospho-L-tyrosine [Fmoc-Tyr(PO3H2)-OH] has been used successfully for the solid-phase synthesis of a wide variety of phosphorylated peptides. However, when it is used to incorporate consecutive phosphotyrosine residues, a pyrophosphate linkage can form between the two adjacent tyrosines. Incorporation of unprotected phosphotyrosine during the synthesis of peptides with multiple phosphotyrosine residues has been studied as a function of coupling conditions and the absence or presence of intervening amino acid residues. The pyrophosphate-forming side reaction is more severe with increased coupling times and/or repetitions of coupling and occurs only when the phosphotyrosine residues are directly adjacent to one another.
Optimized QoS protection of ethernet trees (2006)

Ethernet is being increasingly employed in metro networks. Ethernet gives routing schemes and protocols for building up trees, for instance STP, RSTP and MSTP. It also implies simple restoration mechanisms. In this paper we propose an optimization framework, where the Ethernet MSTP trees are protected and QoS is guaranteed even after a failure. The optimization is based not only on the topology, but it also takes traffic conditions and QoS constraints into account. The numerical results show that the proposed optimization significantly increases the throughput of the network. The best result can be achieved when preemption is assumed, i.e., when the best effort traffic may remain unprotected, but not the high priority one. This way high throughput can be realized at normal operation, while it still protects prioritized traffic in case of a failure. Furthermore, protection mechanisms act faster than the standard restoration mechanism resulting shorter out-of-service times, and therefore higher availability.
Prophylactic Mitigation of Acute Graft versus Host Disease by Novel 2-(Pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)pyrrole-Based Stimulation-2 (ST2) Inhibitors (2023)

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a proven and potentially curable therapy for hematological malignancies and inherited hematological disease. The main risk of HCT is the development of graft versus host disease (GVHD) acquired in up to 50% of patients. Upregulation of soluble ST2 (sST2) is a key clinical biomarker for GVHD prognosis and was shown to be a potential therapeutic target for GVHD. Agents targeting sST2 to reduce the sST2 level after HCT have the potential to mitigate GVHD progression. Here, we report <b>32</b> (or <b>XY52</b>) as the lead ST2 inhibitor from our optimization campaign. <b>XY52</b> had improved inhibitory activity and metabolic stability in vitro and in vivo. <b>XY52</b> suppressed proinflammatory T-cell proliferation while increasing regulatory T cells in vitro. In a clinically relevant GVHD model, a 21-day prophylactic regimen of <b>XY52</b> reduced plasma sST2 and IFN-γ levels and GVHD score and extended survival in mice. <b>XY52</b> represented a significant improvement over our previous compound, <b>iST2-1</b>, and further optimization of <b>XY52</b> is warranted. The small-molecule ST2 inhibitors can potentially be used as a biomarker-guided therapy for mitigating GVHD in future clinical applications.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraorganylborate Salts as Convenient Precursors for Photogeneration of Tertiary Amines. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A multiscale transient event detector for nonintrusive load monitoring (2002)

The nonintrusive load monitor (NILM) determines the operating schedule of the major electrical loads in a building from measurements made at the utility service entry. This paper describes a multiscale transient event detection algorithm that extends the applicability of the NILM to challenging commercial and industrial sites. The performance of the algorithm is illustrated with results from a prototype event detector. >
The emergence of a new form of IS offshore enterprise: the modern heterarchy (2009)

This paper describes how IS offshoring organisations are changing in response to increased globalisation of the practice of software development. It posits the emergence of a new form of multinational enterprise (MNE), described in this paper as a ‘modern heterarchy’, which extends the construct of the heterarchy originally developed by Gunnar Hedlund in 1986. The paper draws on theoretical antecedents in the discipline of international business studies, and is supported by empirical data gathered from two extended case studies of offshore IS projects. The research uses grounded theory techniques for the collection and analysis of data, and has particular value for IS practitioners in offshore IS MNEs.
Digitized Radio-over-Fiber Transceivers for SDM/WDM Back-/Front-Haul (2019)

In this paper we analyze the perspective of digitized radio over fiber (DRoF) fronthaul, showing how to meet the requirements to cope with the future radio access networks (RANs). This entails the introduction of space division multiplexing (SDM) while increasing the flexibility and capacity of the DRoF transceivers.Since the evolution of the DRoF fronthaul is being revised and re-defined, in the blueSPACE project we propose two different DRoF transceiver options. The first option consists on simple transceiver, based on the recent standard specifications and, therefore, expected to be deployed in the short-term. The second options is a more advanced transceiver that features high flexibility, relying on a strong DSP and targeting a long-term deployment. Besides a basic characterization of both solutions, we also analyze additional aspects related to the design and implementation of these two DRoF solutions and their integration into an SDM based RAN. This includes the programmability and interaction with the control plane.
[Embolization therapy using detachable balloons]. (1989)

Report on the application of a new (valve equipped) detachable balloon for percutaneous transvasal embolization therapy in 372 patients with (noncerebral) curative preoperative and palliative indications.
Direct evidence for the lack of methylation of two pulse labeled plant RNAs (1974)

A product of the processing of precursor rRNA (“excess” RNA) has been indirectly found to be unmethylated in mammalian systems, but direct measurement was precluded because of its instability. The “excess” RNA of duckweeds is relatively stable allowing direct estimation of its methylation by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The “excess” RNA with an apparent molecular weight 0.5×106 was unmethylated. A pulse labeled RNA with an apparent molecular weight of 1.2×106 (presumably from chloroplasts) was also unmethylated. Under similar conditions the presumed cytoplasmic rRNA precursors, and the mature cytoplasmic and chloroplast rRNAs were methylated.
Na3Zr2Si2PO12 Solid Electrolyte Membrane for High‐Performance Seawater Battery (2023)

Seawater batteries (SWBs) have gained tremendous interest in the electrochemical energy storage research field because of their low cost, natural abundance, and potential use for long-duration energy storage. Advancing a SWB to demonstration projects is plagued by the poor electrochemical performance stemming from the poor interfaces of the solid electrolyte (SE), as well as the structural and chemical instabilities and sluggish ionic transport properties. In this study, the anode compartment of a surrogate SWB is constructed with a Na | SE | hard carbon configuration, and tailored dopants are introduced into the Nasicon-type Na<sub>3</sub> Zr<sub>2</sub> Si<sub>2</sub> PO<sub>12</sub> (NZSP) SE membrane. After doping with TiO<sub>2</sub> , a much more densely packed pellet with uniformly distributed porous structure is obtained. Changes in surface chemistry and local structure in the bulk are observed, which are believed to contribute to the improved ionic conductivity and higher critical current density of the TiO<sub>2</sub> -doped NZSP. Stable cycling performance with reversible capacities based on different Na storage mechanisms are also demonstrated.
MenDEL: PCR Primer Design as Constrained Optimization Process (2022)

Abstract Motivation The synthesis of large DNA assemblies has applications in biotechnology, and can help us better understand genome biology. These large DNA assemblies are often constructed from many smaller DNA segments, and it is critical to assess that they are correctly assembled. One low cost and rapid method to ensure that the connection between each segment is correct is to use PCR with primer pairs that span assembly junctions. However, the design of PCR primers for large assemblies consisting of multiple segments, and therefore containing multiple assembly junctions, is a challenging process. Rule-based automation of the process often results in finding primers that satisfy general criteria, but are not necessarily the best fit for every particular junction. Results We have developed MenDEL – a web-based DNA design application, that provides a primer pair computation tool for multiple assembly junctions in such a way that for each junction we automatically pick the optimal pair of primers based on user specified constraints. Availability and Implementation The MenDEL application is available at https://mendel-isg.nyumc.org to registered users, and the code base for computing junction primers is available at https://github.com/MendelProject/PrimerOptimization .
Nanoparticle Characterization: State of the Art, Challenges, and Emerging Technologies (2013)

Nanoparticles have received enormous attention as a promising tool to enhance target-specific drug delivery and diagnosis. Various in vitro and in vivo techniques are used to characterize a new system and predict its clinical efficacy. These techniques enable efficient comparison across nanoparticles and facilitate a product optimization process. On the other hand, we recognize their limitations as a prediction tool, due to inadequate applications and overly simplified test conditions. We provide a critical review of in vitro and in vivo techniques currently used for evaluation of nanoparticles and introduce emerging techniques and models that may be used complementarily.
Characterization ofARHGEF6, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rho GTPases and a candidate gene for X-linked mental retardation: Mutation screening in B�rjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome and MRX27 (2001)

Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome (BFLS) is a syndromic X-linked mental retardation that has been mapped by linkage to Xq26-q27. A nonsyndromic mental retardation family, MRX27, has also been localized to a region of the X chromosome overlapping Xq26-q27. The gene for ARHGEF6 (also known as alphaPIX or Cool-2), a newly identified guanine nucleotide exchange factor, was identified as a potential candidate XLMR gene, due to its location within the BFLS and MRX27 critical regions and its function in the regulation of PAK3 (a known MRX gene). The full coding sequence and genomic structure of the gene for ARHGEF6 was established in silico, based on available genomic, EST, and cDNA sequence information. Mutation analysis in BFLS- and MRX27-affected individuals was carried out. No mutations were found in two BFLS families or MRX27. Although ARHGEF6 is unlikely to be the gene responsible for either BFLS or MRX27, it remains a prime candidate for nonspecific or syndromic mental retardation linked to Xq26.
A preclinical Talbot–Lau prototype for x‐ray dark‐field imaging of human‐sized objects (2018)

We demonstrated that a dedicated design of a Talbot-Lau interferometer can be applied to medical imaging by constructing a preclinical Talbot-Lau prototype. We experienced that the system is feasible for imaging human-sized objects and the phase-stepping approach is suitable for clinical practice. Hence, we conclude that Talbot-Lau x-ray imaging has potential for clinical use and enhances the diagnostic power of medical x-ray imaging.
Genome‐wide meta‐analysis identifies novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci (2011)

We have performed a meta-analysis of GWAS in MS that more than doubles the size of previous gene discovery efforts and highlights 3 novel MS susceptibility loci. These and additional loci with suggestive evidence of association are excellent candidates for further investigations to refine and validate their role in the genetic architecture of MS.
Robust 3D–2D image registration: application to spine interventions and vertebral labeling in the presence of anatomical deformation (2013)

We present a framework for robustly estimating registration between a 3D volume image and a 2D projection image and evaluate its precision and robustness in spine interventions for vertebral localization in the presence of anatomical deformation. The framework employs a normalized gradient information similarity metric and multi-start covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy optimization with local-restarts, which provided improved robustness against deformation and content mismatch. The parallelized implementation allowed orders-of-magnitude acceleration in computation time and improved the robustness of registration via multi-start global optimization. Experiments involved a cadaver specimen and two CT datasets (supine and prone) and 36 C-arm fluoroscopy images acquired with the specimen in four positions (supine, prone, supine with lordosis, prone with kyphosis), three regions (thoracic, abdominal, and lumbar), and three levels of geometric magnification (1.7, 2.0, 2.4). Registration accuracy was evaluated in terms of projection distance error (PDE) between the estimated and true target points in the projection image, including 14 400 random trials (200 trials on the 72 registration scenarios) with initialization error up to ±200 mm and ±10°. The resulting median PDE was better than 0.1 mm in all cases, depending somewhat on the resolution of input CT and fluoroscopy images. The cadaver experiments illustrated the tradeoff between robustness and computation time, yielding a success rate of 99.993% in vertebral labeling (with 'success' defined as PDE <5 mm) using 1,718 664 ± 96 582 function evaluations computed in 54.0 ± 3.5 s on a mid-range GPU (nVidia, GeForce GTX690). Parameters yielding a faster search (e.g., fewer multi-starts) reduced robustness under conditions of large deformation and poor initialization (99.535% success for the same data registered in 13.1 s), but given good initialization (e.g., ±5 mm, assuming a robust initial run) the same registration could be solved with 99.993% success in 6.3 s. The ability to register CT to fluoroscopy in a manner robust to patient deformation could be valuable in applications such as radiation therapy, interventional radiology, and an assistant to target localization (e.g., vertebral labeling) in image-guided spine surgery.
In Vivo and In Vitro Characterization of Domain Antibodies (dAbs) Targeting CD40 Ligand (CD40L) (2012)

CD40:CD40L interactions play a critical role in regulating immune responses and offer a potential for targeted prevention of transplant rejection. Herein we describe the identification and biological properties of potent domain antibodies (dAbs) targeting human and murine CD40L molecules. Initial screens identified monomeric dAbs against murine and human CD40L, which were then formatted as bivalent Fc proteins. In vitro primary immune cell-based assays identified potent leads which were further optimized to generate molecules that exhibited favorable safety profile and biophysical properties coupled with potent biological activity. The murine CD40L dAb exhibited notable efficacy in various pre-clinical models including anti-KLH Ab responses, TNBS-colitis, a heart-to-ear transplant model and in the NZB/W lupus model. The human anti-CD40L dAb, BMS-X, was extensively characterized in various primary cell assays including B cell activation, dendritic cell activation and cytokine production, and in a T cell-B cell mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay. Furthermore, extensive investigative studies were conducted with BMS-X to address the potential for thromboembolism (TE), observed with other anti-CD40L monoclonal antibodies (such as BG9588 [hu5c8, Biogen] and IDEC-131). In vitro assays demonstrated that complexes of soluble CD40L and anti-CD40L mAb induced robust activation of platelets. Platelet activation was not evident when F(ab)2 fragment were used or when the assay was performed in the presence of an anti-FcgRIIa mAb. These results supported the conclusion that Fc-FcgR interactions contributed towards activation of platelets. Next, we formatted an anti-CD40L mAb with different Fcs to identify one that was inert in terms of platelet activation. These studies identified a modified IgG1 that demonstrated no activity in the in vitro platelet assays. Subsequently, BMS-X was formatted using this inert Fc molecule and tested for its potential to activate human platelets. No platelet activation was evident with BMS-X across a wide diversity of donors, which indicated that BMS-X has a reduced risk for causing TE, allowing it to advance to clinical studies. This risk will be monitored in future toxicology and human studies.
Uplink multi-cluster scheduling with MU-MIMO for LTE-Advanced with carrier aggregation (2012)

LTE-Advanced is the evolutionary path from LTE Release 8. It is designed to significantly enhance the performance of LTE Release 8 in terms of higher peak data rates, improved system capacity and coverage, and lower latency. These enhancements allow LTE-Advanced to meet or exceed the IMT-Advanced requirements and are being considered as part of LTE Release 10. In this paper, some of the physical layer enhancement techniques for LTE-Advanced have been studied including carrier aggregation (CA), uplink multi-cluster scheduling, and uplink multi-user multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) with non-overlapping allocations. A system-level simulation was conducted to investigate the performance gains that can be achieved in uplink CA with multi-cluster scheduling and MU-MIMO. Simulation results show that with proper differentiation between power-limited and non-power-limited LTE-A users, multi-cluster scheduling with CA has similar coverage performance as in Rel'8, but can achieve substantial gains in average user throughput compared with Rel'8. MU-MIMO can further improve the throughput performance, especially when MU-MIMO is combined with multi-cluster scheduling.
Polymer Nanocomposite Microactuators for On-Demand Chemical Release via High-Frequency Magnetic Field Excitation (2020)

On-demand delivery of substances has been demonstrated for various applications in the fields of chemistry and biomedical engineering. Single-pulse release profile has been shown previously for micro/nanoparticles in different form factors. However, to obtain a sustained release, a pulsatile release profile is needed. Here, we demonstrate such a release profile from polymer magnetic nanocomposite microspheres loaded with chemicals. By exciting the microactuators with AC magnetic fields, we could achieve up to 61% cumulative release over a five-day period. One of the main advantages of using a magnetic stimulus is that the properties of the environment (e.g., transparency, density, and depth) in which the particles are located do not affect the performance. The operating magnitude of the magnetic field used in this work is safe and does not interact with any nonmetallic materials. The proposed approach can potentially be used in microchemistry, drug delivery, lab-on-chip, and microrobots for drug delivery.
Role of membrane structure on the filtrate flux during monoclonal antibody filtration through virus retentive membranes (2022)

Virus removal filtration is a critical step in the manufacture of monoclonal antibody products, providing a robust size-based removal of both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Many monoclonal antibodies show very large reductions in filtrate flux during virus filtration, with the mechanisms governing this behavior and its dependence on the properties of the virus filter and antibody remaining largely unknown. Experiments were performed using the highly asymmetric Viresolve® Pro and the relatively homogeneous Pegasus™ SV4 virus filters using a highly purified monoclonal antibody. The filtrate flux for a 4 g/L antibody solution through the Viresolve® Pro decreased by about 10-fold when the filter was oriented with the skin side down but by more than 1000-fold when the asymmetric filter orientation was reversed and used with the skin side up. The very large flux decline observed with the skin side up could be eliminated by placing a large pore size prefilter directly on top of the virus filter; this improvement in filtrate flux was not seen when the prefilter was used inline or as a batch prefiltration step. The increase in flux due to the prefilter was not related to the removal of large protein aggregates or to an alteration in the extent of concentration polarization. Instead, the prefilter appears to transiently disrupt reversible associations of the antibodies caused by strong intermolecular attractions. These results provide important insights into the role of membrane morphology and antibody properties on the filtrate flux during virus filtration.