gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic Application of Diacylglycerol Oil for Obesity: Serotonin Hypothesis (2012)

Characteristics for the serum lipid abnormalities in the obesity/metabolic syndrome are elevated fasting, postprandial triglyceride (TG), and decreased high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Diacylglycerol (DAG) oil ingestion has been reported to ameliorate postprandial hyperlipidemia and prevent obesity by increasing energy expenditure, due to the intestinal physiochemical dynamics that differ from triacylglycerol (TAG). Our study demonstrated that DAG suppresses postprandial increase in TG-rich lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and insulin, as compared with TAG in young, healthy individuals. Interestingly, our study also presented that DAG significantly increases plasma serotonin, which is mostly present in the intestine, and mediates thermogenesis, proposing a possible mechanism for a postprandial increase in energy expenditure by DAG. Our other study demonstrated that DAG suppresses postprandial increase in TG, VLDL-C, and remnant-like particle-cholesterol, in comparison with TAG in an apolipoprotein C-II deficient subject, suggesting that DAG suppresses postprandial TG-rich lipoprotein independently of lipoprotein lipase. Further, to understand the molecular mechanisms for DAG-mediated increase in serotonin and energy expenditure, we studied the effects of 1-monoacylglycerol and 2-monoacylglycerol, distinct digestive products of DAG and TAG, respectively, on serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells, the human intestinal cell line. We also studied effects of 1- and 2-monoacylglycerol, and serotonin on the expression of mRNA associated with β-oxidation, fatty acids metabolism, and thermogenesis, in the Caco-2 cells. 1-monoacylglycerol significantly increased serotonin release from the Caco-2 cells, compared with 2-monoacylglycerol by approximately 40%. The expression of mRNA of acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), fatty acid translocase (FAT), and uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2), was significantly higher in 1-MOG-treated Caco-2 cells, than 2-MOG-treated cells. The expression of mRNA of ACO, medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, FAT, and UCP-2, was significantly elevated in serotonin-treated Caco-2 cells, compared to cells incubated without serotonin. In conclusion, our clinical and in vitro studies suggested a possible therapeutic application of DAG for obesity, and obesity-related metabolic disorders.Key words: Diacylglycerol, intestine, obesity, serotonin, thermogenesis
Non-volatile organic ferroelectric memory transistors fabricated using rigid polyimide islands on an elastomer substrate (2016)

The authors fabricated stretchable organic ferroelectric memory transistors (OFMTs) on a polydimethylsiloxane substrate using rigid polyimide island structures.
Analysis of student engagement in an online annotation system in the context of a flipped introductory physics class (2016)

We discuss student participation in an online social annotation forum over two semesters of a flipped, introductory physics course at Harvard University. We find that students who engage in high-level discussion online, especially by providing answers to their peers' questions, make more gains in conceptual understanding than students who do not. This is true regardless of students' physics background. We find that we can steer online interaction towards more productive and engaging discussion by seeding the discussion and managing the size of the sections. Seeded sections produce higher quality annotations and a greater proportion of generative threads than unseeded sections. Larger sections produce longer threads; however, beyond a certain section size, the quality of the discussion decreases.
Microseismic Monitoring: A Tool for Evaluating Fracture Complexity in Various Geological Settings (2017)

Abstract Understanding the created fracture geometry is key to the effectiveness of any stimulation program, as fracture surface area directly impacts production performance. Microseismic monitoring of hydraulic stimulations can provide in real-time extensive diagnostic information on fracture development and geometry. Thus, it can help with the immediate needs of optimizing the stimulation program for production performance and long-term concerns associated to field development. However, microseismic monitoring is often underutilized at the expense of productivity in the exploration and appraisal phases of a field. Geology is a fundamental element in the design of a stimulation program and the interpretation of its results. Rock properties and geomechanics govern the achievable fracture geometry and influence the type of fluids to be injected in the formation and the pumping schedule. Rock layering controls the location of the monitoring device, guides the depth at which perforations should be located, and influences how hydrocarbons flow within the formation. Despite this importance, the impact geology may have on the stimulation results is often overlooked as it is all too common to see assumed laterally homogeneous formations, invariant stress field (both laterally and vertically), stimulated fractures having a symmetric planar geometry, etc. As exploration and appraisal moves toward active tectonics areas (as opposed to relatively quiet passive margins and depositional basins), understanding the impact of complex geology and the stress field on fracture geometry is critical to optimizing stimulation treatments and establishing robust field development plans. Mapping of hypocenters detected using microseismic monitoring is an ideal tool to help understand near- and far-field fracture geometry. Additionally, moment tensor inversion performed on mapped hypocenters can contribute to understanding the rock failure mechanisms and help with evaluating asymmetric and complex fracture geometry. Understanding this fracture complexity helps address key uncertainties such as achievable fracture coverage of the reservoir. We present the results of several hydraulic fracture stimulations in various geological environments that have been monitored using microseismic data. We illustrate with these case studies that in some rare cases, simple radial and planar fracture system (often mislabeled penny shape-like fracture) may be generated as predicted using simple modeling techniques. However, in most cases, the final fracture system geometry is complex and asymmetric, largely governed by stress, geologic discontinuities, rock fabric, etc. Understanding this impact and optimizing the well design to enhance productivity is key to evaluating reservoir potential and commercial viability during exploration and appraisal phases and for maximizing return on investment during development.
Outdoor sub-THz Position Location and Tracking using Field Measurements at 142 GHz (2021)

Future sub-THz cellular deployments may be utilized to complement the coverage of the global positioning system (GPS) and provide centimeter-level accuracy. In this work, we use measurement data at 142 GHz to test a map-based position location algorithm in an outdoor urban microcell (UMi) environment. We utilize an extended Kalman filter (EKF) to track the position of the user equipment (UE) along a rectangular track, with the transmitter-receiver separation distances varying from 24.3 m to 52.8 m. The position and velocity of the UE are tracked by the EKF, with measurements of the angle of arrival and time of flight information obtained along an outdoor track, to provide a mean accuracy of 24.8 cm at 142 GHz, over 34 UE locations, using a single base station in line-of-sight and non-line-of-sight.
The importance of quality requirements in software platform development-a survey (2005)

This paper presents a survey where some quality requirements that commonly affect software architecture have been prioritized with respect to cost and lead-time impact when developing software platforms and when using them. Software platforms are the basis for a product-line, i.e. a collection of functionality that a number of products is based on. The survey has been carried out in two large software development organizations using 34 senior participants. The prioritization was carried out using the Incomplete Pairwise Comparison method (IPC). The analysis shows that there are large differences between the importance of the quality requirements studied. The differences between the views of different stakeholders are also analysed and it is found to be less than the difference between the quality requirements. Yet this is identified as a potential source of negative impact on product development cost and lead-time, and rules of thumb for reducing the impact are given.
ChemInform Abstract: Julia—Colonna Stereoselective Epoxidation of Some α,β‐Unsaturated Enones Possessing a Stereogenic Center at the γ‐Position: Synthesis of a Protected Galactonic Acid Derivative. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Broadcast and verifiable secret sharing: new security models and round optimal constructions (2012)

Broadcast and verifiable secret sharing (VSS) are central building blocks for secure multi-party computation. These protocols are required to be resilient against a Byzantine adversary who controls at most t out of the n parties running the protocol. In this dissertation, we consider the design of fault-tolerant protocols for broadcast and verifiable secret sharing with stronger security guarantees and improved round complexity. 
Broadcast allows a party to send the same message to all parties, and all parties are assured they have received identical messages. Given a public-key infrastructure (PKI) and digital signatures, it is possible to construct broadcast protocols tolerating any number of corrupted parties. We address two important issues related to broadcast: (1) Almost all existing protocols do not distinguish between corrupted parties (who do not follow the protocol) and honest parties whose secret (signing) keys have been compromised (but who continue to behave honestly); (2) all existing protocols for broadcast are insecure against an adaptive adversary who can choose which parties to corrupt as the protocol progresses. We propose new security models that capture these issues, and present tight feasibility and impossibility results. 
In the problem of verifiable secret sharing, there is a designated player who shares a secret during an initial sharing phase such that the secret is hidden from an adversary that corrupts at most t parties. In a subsequent reconstruction phase of the protocol, a unique secret, well-defined by the view of honest players in the sharing phase, is reconstructed. The round complexity of VSS protocols is a very important metric of their efficiency. We show two improvements regarding the round complexity of information-theoretic VSS. First, we construct an efficient perfectly secure VSS protocol tolerating t < n/3 corrupted parties that is simultaneously optimal in both the number of rounds and the number of invocations of broadcast. Second, we construct a statistically secure VSS protocol tolerating t < n/2 corrupted parties that has optimal round complexity, and an efficient statistical VSS protocol tolerating t < n/2 corrupted parties that requires one additional round.
Acoustic imaging device with one transducer (2012)

This paper presents a low profile imaging device using only one piezoelectric transducer and a microphone. The transducer is glued to an aluminum plate of non-regular geometry that acts as an acoustic cavity. Beam steering is achieved, and the acoustic waves should be focused anywhere in front of the plate. Finally, using a single microphone receiver working in echographic mode, our imaging device is able to locate any object placed in front of it.
USE OF COMPUTER SIMULATION IN EVALUATING AIRBAG SYSTEM PERFORMANCE. SAE PT-31, PASSENGER CAR INFLATABLE RESTRAINT SYSTEMS: A COMPENDIUM OF PUBLISHED SAFETY RESEARCH (1987)

Through the use of the VODS computer simulation model, the authors have designed driver side airbag systems for the 1980 series Ford LTD, the Dodge Diplomat, and the Chevrolet Impala. These cars were then retrofitted with a Breed all-mechanical airbag system tailored for each car, and barrier crash tested at 30 mph by NHTSA. System performance results were excellent, and predicted versus actual 50th percentile driver dummy injury measures were in excellent agreement differing by less than 15%. The model was then used to predict airbag system dummy injury measures in 665 NHTSA crashes. In all but two of these crashes, the injury measures stayed below 80% of those allowed by FMVSS 208. Predicted airbag results for the 1984 NCAP crash tests are presented in detail. For the covering abstract see IRRD 810752. (Author/TRRL)
ChemInform Abstract: Some New Radical Reactions of Xanthates (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Phosphodiesterase inhibition facilitates cognitive restoration in rodent models of age-related memory decline (2014)

These findings are discussed in relation to recent reports on the use of PDE inhibitors to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) dementia and age-related memory impairments. While some report promising pre-clinical results, others note that PDE5 may not be an appropriate target in AD due to a lack of localization within critical brain structures where therapeutic activity is needed. Despite these limitations, PDE5 inhibition may produce beneficial effects via several mechanisms that target predisposing risk factors leading to increased incidence of memory impairment in aged individuals and influence memory consolidation mechanisms that preserve long-term retention of cognitive information.
Noxim: An open, extensible and cycle-accurate network on chip simulator (2015)

Emerging on-chip communication technologies like wireless Networks-on-Chip (WiNoCs) have been proposed as candidate solutions for addressing the scalability limitations of conventional multi-hop NoC architectures. In a WiNoC, a subset of network nodes are equipped with a wireless interface which allows them long-range communication in a single hop. This paper presents Noxim, an open, configurable, extendible, cycle-accurate NoC simulator developed in SystemC which allows to analyze the performance and power figures of both conventional wired NoC and emerging WiNoC architectures.
A Voltage-Multiplying Self-Powered AC/DC Converter with 0.35-V Minimum Input Voltage for Energy Harvesting Applications (2011)

This paper demonstrates a highly efficient, low-voltage ac/dc converter using a voltage multiplier (octupler) circuit architecture intended for vibrational energy harvesting applications where a low-voltage ac waveform is used to charge a battery. The circuit employs output-powered active diodes and does not require any external power supply or startup circuitry. The circuit rectifies and boosts input ac voltages in the range of 0.35-2 V and 20-500 Hz to a dc voltage output, that is, ~8 times higher than the input amplitude. The circuit can cold start from an input voltage of 0.5 V or higher, providing an output voltage sufficient to charge a 3.7-V lithium ion battery. Once started, the circuit can maintain operation at input voltage amplitudes as low as 0.35 V. Over 80% efficiency is achieved from 20 to 100 Hz, with output power ranging from a few microwatts to 1 mW. Furthermore, in testing with an actual electrodynamic (magnetic) vibrational energy harvester that generates >;0.5-V ac output, the circuit delivers power to a lithium ion battery with an efficiency of >;80%.
Genetic Labeling of Car4-expressing Cells Reveals Subpopulations of Type III Taste Cells (2017)

Carbonic anhydrases form an enzyme family of 16 members, which reversibly catalyze the hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. In lung, kidney, and brain, presence of carbonic anhydrases is associated with protons and bicarbonate transport in capillary endothelium of lung, reabsorption of bicarbonate in proximal renal tubules, and extracellular buffering. In contrast, their role in taste is less clear. Recently, carbonic anhydrase IV expression was detected in sour-sensing presynaptic taste cells and was associated with the taste of carbonation, yet the precise role and cell population remained uncertain. To examine the role of carbonic anhydrase 4-expressing cells in taste reception, we generated a mouse strain carrying a modified allele of the carbonic anhydrase 4 gene in which the coding region of the red fluorescent protein monomeric Cherry is attached to that of carbonic anhydrase 4 via an internal ribosome entry site. Monomeric Cherry fluorescence was detected in lingual papillae as well as taste buds of soft palate and naso-incisor duct. However, expression patterns on the tongue differ between posterior and fungiform papillae. Whereas monomeric Cherry auto-fluorescence was almost always co-localized with presynaptic cell markers aromatic L-amino-acid decarboxylase, synaptosomal-associated protein 25 or glutamic acid decarboxylase 67 in fungiform papillae and taste buds of palate and naso-incisor duct, monomeric Cherry-positive cells in posterior tongue papillae represent only a subpopulation of presynaptic cells. We conclude that this model is well suited for detailed investigation into the role of carbonic anhydrase in gustation and other processes.
Delay Analysis of Multichannel Parallel Contention Tree Algorithms (MP-CTA) (2017)

Contention tree algorithm is initially invented as a solution to improve the stable throughput problem of Slotted ALOHA in multiple access schemes. Even though the throughput is stabilized in tree algorithms, the delay of requests may grow to infinity with respect to the arrival rate of the system. Delay depends heavily on the exploration of the tree structure, i.e., breadth search, or depth search. Breadth search is necessary for faster exploration of tree. The analytical probability distribution of delay, which is available mostly for depth search, is not generalizable to all breadth search. In this paper we fill this gap through though arbitrary grouping of branches and including this in the delay analysis. This enables obtaining the delay analysis of any contention tree algorithm that runs a breadth first search exploration. We show through simulations that the analysis is in agreement with the realizations.
A gustatory cyclic nucleotide-gated channels CNGgust, is expressed in the retina (1999)

Cyclic nucleotide-gated (CNG) channels are essential proteins that contribute to the intracellular signal transduction of the senses of sight and smell. Recently, we found a novel CNG channel (CNGgust) in rat taste buds, and demonstrated its possible involvement in taste signal transduction. In the present study, we used RT-PCR and immunostaining to prove that this gustatory CNG channel is expressed in the outer segments of rat cone photoreceptor cells. The study strongly suggests that the senses of taste and sight share, at least in part, a common signal transduction pathway.
Zoneplates for hard X-rays with ultra-high diffraction efficiencies (2003)

We report on the fabrication and testing of linear multilevel zone plates made of silicon. The lenses were tilted with respect to the x-ray beam, enabling an increase of the effective height of the diffractive structures in order to obtain optimal efficiency of these devices even for high photon energies. We achieved unprecedented diffraction efficiencies between 64 and 67% (between 47 and 59% considering membrane absorption) for photon energies between 10 and 15 keV. As a linear zone plate acts as a cylindrical lens, two perpendicular lenses have to be put in series to obtain a 2-D focusing. The resulting micro-focusing device has a very high total efficiency (approx. 30%) and can be matched to the asymmetry of synchrotron in order to obtain a symmetric micro-focus.
Analysis of Nonlinear Optical and Dynamic Gain Effects of Moderate-Power, Pulse-Position-Modulated, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers for Deep-Space Applications (2015)

Self-phase modulation and stimulated Raman scattering are analyzed and limit the usable data-format space. Output pulse energy variation and square-pulse distortion, as large as 28% and 21% respectively, primarily depend on symbol duration.
Enteric fungal microbiota dysbiosis and ecological alterations in colorectal cancer (2018)

This study revealed CRC-associated mycobiome dysbiosis characterised by altered fungal composition and ecology, signifying that the gut mycobiome might play a role in CRC.
Metal Oxide Clusters on Nitrogen-Doped Carbon are Highly Selective for CO2 Electroreduction to CO (2021)

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 (eCO2RR) using renewable energy is an effective approach to pursue carbon neutrality. The eCO2RR to CO is indispensable in promoting C–C coupling through bifunctional catalysis and achieving cascade conversion from CO2 to C2+. This work investigates a series of M/N–C (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) catalysts, for which the metal precursor interacted with the nitrogen-doped carbon support (N–C) at room temperature, resulting in the metal being present as (sub)nanosized metal oxide clusters under ex situ conditions, except for Cu/N–C and Zn/N–C. A volcano trend in their activity toward CO as a function of the group of the transition metal is revealed, with Co/N–C exhibiting the highest activity at −0.5 V versus RHE, while Ni/N–C shows both appreciable activity and selectivity. Operando X-ray absorption spectroscopy shows that the majority of Cu atoms in Cu/N–C form Cu0 clusters during eCO2RR, while Mn/, Fe/, Co/, and Ni/N–C catalysts maintain the metal hydroxide structures, with a minor amount of M0 formed in Fe/, Co/, and Ni/N–C. The superior activity of Fe/, Co/, and Ni/N–C is ascribed to the phase contraction and the HCO3– insertion into the layered structure of metal hydroxides. Our work provides a facile synthetic approach toward highly active and selective electrocatalysts to convert CO2 into CO. Coupled with state-of-the-art NiFe-based anodes in a full-cell device, Ni/N–C exhibits >80% Faradaic efficiency toward CO at 100 mA cm–2.
Quantum Logic Gates with Neutral Atoms in an Optical Lattice (1998)

Quantum logic gates require qubits that can interact strongly with each other and with external fields while minimizing unwanted coupling to the decohering environment. Neutral atoms trapped in a far-off resonance optical lattice satisfy these criteria. The adjustable parameters of the lattice (e.g., laser polarization, frequency, intensity) allow one to design interactions for which atoms interact strongly via dipole-dipole interactions during logical interactions but otherwise are isolated from each other and the environment. Dissipation arising from spontaneous photon scattering can be suppressed to an arbitrary degree given sufficient laser power and large detuning from atomic resonance. Thus, by bringing two atoms in close proximity, one can simultaneously achieve strong coherent coupling with small photon scattering rates.