gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor necrosis factor‐α augmented tumor response in B16BL6 melanoma‐bearing mice treated with stealth liposomal doxorubicin (Doxil®) correlates with altered Doxil® pharmacokinetics (2004)

The application of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) for the treatment of solid tumors is limited by its severe, life-threatening, toxicity. Therefore, only low dosages of this cytokine can be applied systemically, which results in poor tumor response. It has been demonstrated previously that administration of high-dose TNF in a so-called isolated perfusion system markedly improved tumor response when combined with chemotherapy. It appeared that TNF had a major impact specifically on the tumor-associated vasculature. At these high concentrations, endothelial cell death is induced by TNF, resulting in complete collapse of the tumor vascular bed. Strikingly, this effect alone is not enough to induce a tumor response, but addition of a chemotherapeutic drug is mandatory to obtain an anti-tumor effect. We showed that TNF has no anti-tumor effect by itself but augmented drug accumulation mainly in the tumor, most likely by enhancing vascular leakage. It seems that enhanced vascular leakage, but not endothelial cell death, explains the interaction between TNF and the co-administered drug. We hypothesized that in a low-dose setting TNF could induce tumor accumulation of chemotherapeutic drugs and consequently improve tumor response. We demonstrate that free TNF has a strong effect on the pharmacokinetics of co-administered Doxil in B16BL6 melanoma-bearing mice, resulting in strongly augmented drug accumulation in the tumor and improved tumor response. Co-injection of Stealth liposomal TNF with Doxil resulted in comparable or less pronounced tumor responses as compared to free TNF. These results imply that systemic application of clinically tolerable doses of TNF may improve drug distribution and tumor response and could be useful in a number of anti-cancer therapies.
Approximate method for polling systems with time-limited-based polling tables (2002)

Time-limited based polling systems with polling tables are encountered frequently in operating systems schedulers such as the fair share scheduler. The analysis of such systems are usually carried out by simulation. We present a simple approximation for determining the mean waiting times in such polling systems. This approximation can be used by system designers to carry out a first cut design to reduce the set of alternative designs and then use simulation to assess a few good designs. The method transforms the M table polling system with N distinct stations, (N/spl les/M), to an equivalent M pseudostations cyclic polling system. It then uses the known K-limited polling results by approximating K from the time limit and the mean service time of each station. Polling systems are a class of multiqueueing systems attended to a single server. Such systems are encountered very frequently in communications and computer, traffic signal, and also manufacturing systems. For computer systems in a multiprogramming environment we would like to keep the CPU busy all the time (a 100% utilization would be optimal).
Francisco Marco Simón, Francisco Pina Polo y José Remesal Rodríguez, La pobreza en el mundo antiguo, Universidad de Barcelona (col·lecció Instrumenta 81), Barcelona, 2022, 230 págs., ISBN: 978-84-9168-900-3. (2023)

pobreza en el mundo antiguo teniendo presentes aquellas consideraciones slo manejadas por unos pocos.
Gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor bioactivity is present in follicular fluid from naturally cycling women (1995)

Rat pituitary monolayer bioassays were used to compare gonadotrophin surge-attenuating factor (GnSAF) bioactivity in follicular fluid from 12 follicles in 10 spontaneously cycling women with that in pooled follicular fluid from women undergoing ovulation induction. Expressed as ED50S (microliter follicular fluid/well producing 50% of maximal effect), GnSAF bioactivity was detectable in all spontaneous follicular fluid samples (1.4-33.3 microliters/well) and in follicular fluid from women undergoing ovulation induction (6.8 microliters/well). This GnSAF bioactivity was unaffected by pre-incubation with an inhibin antibody. When the data were grouped according to whether the recovered oocytes fertilized in vitro or not, the fertilized group contained significantly greater GnSAF bioactivity than the unfertilized group (5.3 +/- 1.1 and 14.1 +/- 2.6 microliters/well respectively, P < 0.05). While both inhibin bioactivity (9.7 +/- 1.4 and 28.9 +/- 12.1 microliters/well) and immunoreactivity (36.8 +/- 2.2 and 21.0 +/- 3.0 and ng/ml) were also greater (P < 0.01) in the fertilized compared with the unfertilized groups respectively, there were no other significant differences between the two groups. We conclude that GnSAF is found in follicular fluid from spontaneously cycling women, supporting in-vivo evidence for the involvement of GnSAF in feedback control of the ovary-pituitary axis.
Inaccuracy in Preparation of Intravitreal Solutions-Reply (1986)

<h3>In Reply.</h3> —We agree with Dr Noske that the large amount of dead space found in many syringes can be a source of inaccurate dilutions. As mentioned in the "Comment" section of our paper, we took care to use a hubless 27-gauge insulin syringe to make our dilutions. We think this seemingly minor technical point is important because a hubless syringe has minimal dead space. Our article originally contained a photograph (Figure) of this syringe that was later omitted to conserve space. Before we submitted our article, we rechecked the accuracy and reproducibility of dilutions using this type of syringe. We used solutions of fluorescein in a manner similar to the use of glucose solutions by Dr Noske. We did not submit the resulting data in our article because of space considerations. In this endeavor, we first tried our original method, that of initially drawing in 0.1 mL of the
Scalable, Deployable, Flexible Phased Array Sheets (2020)

Large aperture flexible and deployable phased arrays will enable active RF fabric and deployable array structures for terrestrial and space applications. The flexible phased array design paradigm is enabled by small, multi-function radio frequency integrated circuits and low mass radiators, which avoid conventional dielectric materials. This paper presents a 256 element, 30 cm x 30 cm flexible phased array, operating at 10 GHz and focusing 0.8 W at 2 m distance. A novel beam-focusing algorithm is used to demonstrate 2-D beam-steering and deformation correction capabilities of the flexible phased array.
The Long Term Residual Effects of COVID-Associated Coagulopathy (2023)

During the acute phase of COVID-19, many patients experience a complex coagulopathy characterized by a procoagulant pattern. The present study investigates the persistence of hemostatic changes in post-COVID patients at a long-term follow up, and the link with the persistence of physical and neuropsychological symptoms. We completed a prospective cohort study on 102 post-COVID patients. Standard coagulation and viscoelastic tests were performed, along with an assessment of persistent symptoms and recording of acute phase details. A procoagulant state was adjudicated in the presence of fibrinogen > 400 mg/dL, or D-dimer > 500 ng/mL, or platelet count > 450,000 cells/µL, or a maxim clot lysis at viscoelastic test < 2%. A procoagulant state was identified in 75% of the patients at 3 months follow up, 50% at 6 months, and 30% at 12-18 months. Factors associated with the persistence of a procoagulant state were age, severity of the acute phase, and persistence of symptoms. Patients with major physical symptoms carry a procoagulant state relative risk of 2.8 (95% confidence interval 1.17-6.7, <i>p</i> = 0.019). The association between persistent symptoms and a procoagulant state raises the hypothesis that an ongoing process of thrombi formation and/or persistent microthrombosis may be responsible for the main physical symptoms in long-COVID patients.
Photonic Crystal Fiber Tip Sensor for High-Temperature Measurement (2011)

We demonstrate a temperature sensor consisting of a 2-D, Silicon (Si), Photonic Crystal (PC) attached to the facet of a standard single-mode optical fiber. The 2-D PC sensors are fabricated on standard Si wafers, using a single mask and a combination of isotropic and anisotropic etching, and microassembled onto the facets of the optical fibers by Si-welding. The temperature of the Si-PC sensor is monitored by measuring its reflectance spectrum in the 1250 to 1650 nm wavelength range. The measured reflectivity peak shift is 0.11 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${\rm nm}/^{\circ}\hbox{C}$</tex></formula> in the 100 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ ^{\circ}\hbox{C}$</tex></formula> to 700 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ ^{\circ}\hbox{C}$</tex> </formula> temperature range. The observed spectral shift and temperature sensitivity are significantly higher than high-temperature fiber Bragg grating sensors, and comparable to long-period fiber gratings sensors. The high sensitivity, combined with compactness and robust structure, give these sensors strong potential for use in harsh environments.
Silver Nanoparticles Induce DNA Hypomethylation through Proteasome-Mediated Degradation of DNA Methyltransferase 1 (2020)

Nanoparticles are used in many fields and in everyday products. Silver nanoparticles are the most frequently used nanoparticles; for example, in food-related products, owing to their antibacterial activity. However, it has been pointed out that they might have unexpected biological effects, and evaluation of their effects is underway. Although there is a growing body of evidence that nanoparticles can also induce epigenetic changes, there is still little information on the underlying mechanisms. Here, we evaluated changes in DNA methylation induced by silver nanoparticles and attempted to elucidate the induction mechanism. Immunofluorescence staining analysis revealed that silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 10, 50, or 100 nm (nAg10, nAg50, and nAg100, respectively) decreased the content of methylated DNA in A549 alveolar epithelial cells. The level of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) protein, which is involved in maintaining methylation during DNA replication, was significantly decreased, whereas that of Dnmt3b, which is responsible for de novo DNA methylation, was significantly increased by nAg10 treatment. Co-treatment with nAg10 and cycloheximide, which inhibits translation by inhibiting the translocation step of protein synthesis, decreased the level of Dnmt1 in comparison with nAg10-treated A549 cells, indicating a post-translational effect of nAg10. Furthermore, pretreatment with the proteasome inhibitor lactacystin restored the levels of Dnmt1 protein and DNA methylation in nAg10-treated cells. Collectively, these results suggest that nAg10 induced DNA hypomethylation through a proteasome-mediated degradation of Dnmt1.
USE OF MAGNETIC ANISOTROPY SENSOR FOR STRESS MEASUREMENT OF STEEL RIBS USED FOR NATM TUNNEL (2005)

山岳工法トンネルにおける限界状態設計, 性能設計, 維持管理などの考え方は今後さらに推進されると考えられる. そのためには, 山岳工法トンネル施工の各段階において, より正確で合理的な現状把握と安全性確保が求められる. 本論文では支保構造を形成する重要な構成要素である鋼製支保工に注目し, 施工の各段階においてその力学的挙動をより合理的に把握することを目的とした検討を実施した. 具体的には, 橋梁などの鋼構造物の分野で実績のある非破壊応力測定法である磁歪法を用いた応力計測を実施し, まずトンネルに建込まれる前の段階における鋼製支保工の応力状態の把握が可能であることを確かめた. この成果により, トンネル現場におけるより合理的な支保構造の応力状態の把握が可能となる.
IFN{gamma}-inducible chemokines involved in lymphocyte trafficking and tumor regression are induced by immunotherapeutic Listeria monocytogenes (2011)

Thus, better controlled primary surgeries with optimal exposure, wild marsupialisation of the lacrimal sac and no longer systematic bicanalicular intubation which should be dedicated to difficult anatomies and canalicular affections should guarantee better functional results.
Clinical pharmacology of methotrexate (1982)

Abstract Methotrexate (MTX), a potent folate antagonist by virtue of its ability to inhibit the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase [1], continues to be a useful cancer chemotherapeutic agent [2]. Information not only on its mechanism of action, but also its pharmacology has led to improved dosage schedules of this drug alone and in combination. The use of high (gm) doses of MTX followed by leucovorin “rescue” has required close attention to the blood levels of this drug and has stimulated further studies of its clinical pharmacology, especially of high‐dose regimens. This review summarizes the present status of the clinical pharmacology of MTX.
An orthopedic tissue adhesive for targeted delivery of intraoperative biologics (2012)

Abstract Tissue adhesives can bind together damaged tissues and serve as tools to deliver and localize therapeutics to facilitate regeneration. One emerging therapeutic trend in orthopedics is the use of intraoperative biologics (IOB), such as bone marrow (BM) and platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), to stimulate healing. Here, we introduce the application of the biomaterial chondroitin sulfate succinimidyl succinate (CS‐NHS) to deliver IOB in a hydrogel adhesive. We demonstrate the biomaterial's ability to bind various tissue types and its cellular biocompatibility with encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Further, we examine in detail the CS‐NHS adhesive combined with BM aspirate for use in bone applications. hMSCs were encapsulated in CS‐BM and cultured for 5 weeks in osteogenic medium. Quantitative RT‐PCR demonstrated osteogenesis via upregulation of the osteogenic transcription factor Runx2 and bone markers alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin. Significant deposition of calcium and osteocalcin was detected using biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical techniques. Shear testing demonstrated that the CS‐BM adhesive exhibited an adhesive strength approximately an order of magnitude stronger than fibrin glue and approaching that of a cyanoacrylate adhesive. These results indicate that CS‐NHS is a promising delivery tool for IOB in orthopedic applications requiring a strong, degradable, and biocompatible adhesive that supports bone growth. © 2012 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 31: 392–400, 2013
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Fine-scale structural variation of the human genome. (2005)

Inversions, deletions and insertions are important mediators of disease and disease susceptibility. We systematically compared the human genome reference sequence with a second genome (represented by fosmid paired-end sequences) to detect intermediate-sized structural variants >8 kb in length. We identified 297 sites of structural variation: 139 insertions, 102 deletions and 56 inversion breakpoints. Using combined literature, sequence and experimental analyses, we validated 112 of the structural variants, including several that are of biomedical relevance. These data provide a fine-scale structural variation map of the human genome and the requisite sequence precision for subsequent genetic studies of human disease. PMID: 15895083
Concurrent maintenance of views using multiple versions (2003)

Materialized views in data warehouses are maintained incrementally, for reasons of efficiency, to present the latest updates to the users. These views are used by many warehouse readers (users) to execute OLAP queries by running several reader sessions and these views are maintained periodically by maintenance transactions. Therefore, there is an inherent problem of maintaining these views while the reader sessions continue to receive consistent data from these views. In this paper, we discuss a method that allows warehouse maintenance transactions to run concurrently with the reader sessions. Concurrency allows the readers to read the data from the views while the maintenance transaction updates these views. In our proposed method we create additional versions of views dynamically that contain only the modified tuples of the views and provide a mechanism to collapse these versions into the views periodically when there are no reader sessions accessing the views. These versions allow the reader sessions to access the old and the new information. The collapsing of the views is done by a low-priority process executing periodically.
Supporting SAT based BMC on Finite Path Models (2006)

The standard translation of a Bounded Model Checking (BMC) instance into a satisfiability problem, (a.k.a SAT), might produce misleading results in the case when the model under verification contains finite paths. Models with finite paths might be produced unknowingly when using modern verification languages such as PSL-Sugar [Property Specification Language: Reference Manual. Version 1.1, Accellera, June 2004]. Specifically, the use of language constructs such as restrict, assume etc. might lead to such models. Thus the user may receive misleading results from SAT based tools. In this paper we describe in what circumstances the finite path problem occurs and present an improved translation of the BMC problem into a SAT instance. The new translation does not suffer from the discussed shortcoming. Our translation is only slightly longer then the usual one introducing one extra Boolean variable in the model. We also show that this translation may improve the SAT solver runtime even for models without finite paths.
Poly(ester amide)S as biodegradable scaffolds for tissue engineering (2004)

An approach to prepare open cell porous structures as scaffolds for the purpose of tissue engineering was described. Open cell porous scaffolds were prepared by combining coagulation, compression molding and particulate leaching. The pore size and porosity were tuned by changing the salt size and concentration. The results show that the tested copolymers are biocompatible and could be applied as scaffold materials for tissue engineering.
Transcending tradition: Quality of life as the inextricable link between activities of daily living and specific organ and disease states (2008)

We review the conceptualization of quality of life (QOL) past and present, providing a new definition that transcends the traditional approach. We discuss the importance of QOL as a mandatory assessment in patient care and clinical trials, concurring with the need for disease-specific tools and focusing on a nerve fiber-specific tool for assessing impacts of diabetic neuropathies on QOL and activities of daily living (ADLs) used in multi-center clinical trials and translated into different languages. By relating neuropathic disabilities to different nerve fibers, the Norfolk Quality of Life – Diabetic Neuropathy (QOL-DN) is able to measure impacts of nerve-fiber-specific neurotrophic therapies, providing pertinent endpoints to changes in health status and QOL.
Efficient Synthesis of (S)-2-(Cyclopentyloxycarbonyl)-amino-8-nonenoic Acid:  Key Building Block for BILN 2061, an HCV NS3 Protease Inhibitor (2006)

A new procedure for the practical synthesis of (S)-2-(cyclopentyloxycarbonyl)amino-8-nonenoic acid, a key building block for BILN 2061, an HCV NS3 protease inhibitor, has been developed. The key step features a kinetic resolution of racemic 2-acetylamino-8-nonenoic acid with acylase I. In addition, the undesired (R)-2-acetylamino-8-nonenoic acid was recycled after racemization. The procedure was implemented for the production of (S)-2-(cyclopentyloxycarbonyl)amino-8-nonenoic acid on pilot-plant scale.
Linear imaging with sensor arrays on convex polygonal boundaries (1991)

The resolution of a linear imaging system is determined by the size of the aperture on which it measures data. For a fixed number of sensor elements, large 2-D apertures are formed when the elements are placed on the boundary of some planar region. It is proved that it is possible, in principle, to use only the boundary of some convex region as the aperture, while synthesizing the effect of having placed sensors throughout the interior of that region. This allows sidelobe levels to be controlled. Such a possibility is clearly of interest to designers of large, distributed sensor arrays for use in both active, transmit/receive imaging and passive, receive-only imaging. The central idea that is exploited in the work is that of the coarray of an aperture. Signal processing techniques have been developed that effectively fill in the missing elements from the interior of the aperture for the cases of rectangular, hexagonal, and triangular boundary apertures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Control of protein degradation in muscle by prostaglandins, Ca2+, and leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin 1). (1984)

Protein degradation in skeletal muscle increases with fever and sepsis. Our studies indicate that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is an important regulator of muscle proteolysis that seems to signal this increase in fever. When rat skeletal or cardiac muscles were incubated with arachidonate, rates of protein breakdown rose and protein balance became more negative. Aspirin or indomethacin, which prevented synthesis of PGE2, markedly reduced this effect. By itself PGE2 stimulated proteolysis without altering protein synthesis. PGE2 seems to increase proteolysis in the lysosomes, inasmuch as leupeptin and Ep-475 inhibit this response. These inhibitors inactivate lysosomal thiol proteases in the muscles without affecting the Ca2+-activated protease. (In fact, complete inactivation of the latter enzyme with mersalyl did not reduce overall proteolysis in the muscles). When muscles from feverish rats were incubated in vitro, they showed greater protein breakdown and PGE2 synthesis than muscles from normal animals. Addition of indomethacin eliminated this difference. Leukocytic pyrogen (interleukin 1), a protein released by monocytes that signals the onset of fever, also seems to signal increased muscle PGE2 synthesis and muscle proteolysis. This protein enhanced both processes dramatically in the isolated muscles. These findings suggest that cyclooxygenase inhibitors may be useful in the treatment of patients showing excessive protein breakdown.
High Performance Pseudoelastic Metal Nanowire Reinforced Elastomeric Composite (2014)

The effects of pseudoelastic metal nanowires on the mechanical performance, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity of an elastomeric matrix were investigated. Subnanometer pseudoelastic metal nanowires were synthesized, and methodologies were developed for their functionalization and uniform dispersion in elastomer matrices. Pseudoelastic nanowires were found to significantly increase the stiffness, strength, electrical conductivity, and thermomechanical stability of the elastomer matrix while retaining its nonlinear strain recovery capability. These qualities are realized using low nanowire dosages (∼1 wt %). The combinations of qualities offered by this new class of nanocomposites are of significant value to major commercial markets.