gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dielectric dispersion and viscosity in solutions (1950)

Previous work carried out in this laboratory has indicated the desirability of further studies of the correlation between dielectric relaxation phenomena, molecular structure and viscosity. Measurements have been carried out on solutions of the nearly spherical t-butyl chloride and methyl chloroform molecules and the long n-tetradecyl bromide molecule in two non-polar solvents, n-heptane and a viscous paraffin oil, over a temperature range 4.°C. to 60°C. The measurements were at 1.22, 3.22, 5.59, and 10.00 cms. wavelengths as well as at 1000 cycles and at optical frequencies. Values for the optical dielectric constants were corrected for the atomic polarizations using the standard method for alkyl halides since explicit data for these quantities are not available. The constants in the equations relating the dielectric constants and concentrations were plotted in the complex plane to give the expected arc plots. The distribution constants and critical wavelengths were then calculated according to the Cole and Cole method.
Improvement of growth of Plasmodium falciparum fresh clinical isolates by using an established serum-free medium, GIT. (2000)

In the present study, we have tried to establish continuous cultures of fresh clinical isolates of P. falciparum by using a serum-free medium, GIT. To examine the ability of GIT to support the parasite growth, the growth of various P. falciparum isolates including two laboratory strains of P. falciparum, FCR3 and K1 was compared in both of GIT and RPMI 1640 medium supplemented by 10% human serum (RPMI-HS). Growth rates of various P. falciparum expressed as fold increases were compared in GIT and RPMI-HS, and the maximum growth rates of P. falciparum were 72 in GIT and 35 in RPMI-HS during the culture for 8 days. Growth rate of the clinical isolates varied individually in both culture media, with average growth rates of parasites being 15.9 in GIT and 8.8 in RPMI-HS, respectively (not significant). Growth rates of FCR3 and K1 strains were 28.0 and 6.6 in GIT, and 10 and 7.5 in RPMI-HS. After 30 days culture of P. falciparum in GIT, 9 of 12 clinical isolates still continuously propagated but other three isolates disappeared. Despite variation of the P. falciparum isolates in their abilities to multiply in GIT, our experiments suggested that GIT is useful for culture of fresh clinical isolates of P. falciparum that are derived from geographically distinct areas as well as laboratory strains used commonly in laboratory research.
Cover Picture: Photolithographic Route to the Fabrication of Micro/Nanowires of III–V Semiconductors (Adv. Funct. Mater. 1/2005) (2005)

Abstract The cover shows a patterned assembly of GaAs nanowires with their ends tethered to a bulk single‐crystal wafer as described on p. 30 by Rogers and co‐workers. These wires, which have triangular cross‐sections, were fabricated via a top–down process that combines photolithography and anisotropic chemical etching. Nano/microwires of semiconducting materials (e.g., GaAs and InP) with triangular cross‐sections can be fabricated by “top–down” approaches that combine lithography of high‐quality bulk wafers (using either traditional photolithography or phase‐shift optical lithography) with anisotropic chemical etching. This method gives good control over the lateral dimensions, lengths, and morphologies of free‐standing wires. The behaviors of many different resist layers and etching chemistries are presented. It is shown how wire arrays with highly ordered alignments can be transfer printed onto plastic substrates. This “top–down” approach provides a simple, effective, and versatile way of generating high‐quality single‐crystalline wires of various compound semiconductors. The resultant wires and wire arrays have potential applications in electronics, optics, optoelectronics, and sensing.
A ZVS current fed dddc converter oriented (2004)

Abstmm-The paper deals with a new ZVS (zero voltage switching) half-bridge current-fed dc-dc converter for fuel-eell based inverter system suitable to be coupled with fuel-cells sources. The spreading of fuel-cells has impelled a deep study of dc I dc converter structures properly designed to solve problems connected with the use of fuel cells as primary energy source. A good solution is represented by half-bridge current-fed dc-dc converter. The paper focuses on this kind of converter proposing a modification of the base structure in order to achieve ZVS operation. Moreover, in the paper, a full analysis of the proposed structure is presented and SABER numericaI results are shown and compared with results obtained with an hard-switch half-bridge current-fed dc-dc converter. The results prove the very good performance of the suggested solution.
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of a Single Nanodumbbell: Dibenzyldithio-Linked Silver Nanospheres (2012)

We describe combined AFM/Raman measurements on single nanodumbbells, consisting of silver nanospheres linked with dibenzyl-4,4′-dithiol (DBDT). The measured surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) enhancement factor, EFexp = 3 × 107 at 532 nm, corresponds to the observed signal strength of a single DBDT molecule, the Raman cross section of which was determined to be dσ/dΩ = 6 × 10–28 cm2/sr. We show that the product of the local field enhancement, EFP = (Ei/E0)2(Es/E0)2= 3 × 106, and the chemical contribution due to reduced detuning, EFC = (Δ0/Δ)2 = 12, account for the observed effect. The chemical contribution is assessed by exploring model structures Agn–S–DB–S–Agm (n, m = 0, 3, 7, 20). The π–π* transition at 287 nm, which determines the polarizability of the bare molecule, acquires a DBDT-to-silver charge-transfer character upon binding to silver. The CT transition near 400 nm reduces the detuning but remains nonresonant at 532 nm. We observe a soft polarization dependence, which suggests optical activity, which in part is ascribed to coupling between plasmons and conjugated electrons of DBDT. Modest enhancement factors are sufficient to detect single molecules through nonresonant SERS.
VELOCITY PROFILE MEASUREMENTS IN BUBBLY FLOW USING MULTI-WAVE ULTRASOUND TECHNIQUE (2009)

Abstract Velocity profile measurements in bubbly flows have been performed by using the ultrasonic velocity profile technique, which can measure velocity distributions along a measuring line. To obtain the liquid and gas velocity distributions simultaneously, a new technique for separating liquid and gas velocity data is developed. The technique employs a unique ultrasonic transducer (TDX) referred to as a multi-wave transducer. The multi-wave TDX consists of two kinds of ultrasonic piezoelectric elements that are concentrically set and have different resonant frequencies. The central element of 3 mm diameter has a basic frequency of 8 MHz for liquid-phase measurements, and the outer element has a basic frequency of 2 MHz for bubble-phase measurements in two-phase bubbly flows. The multi-wave TDX can emit the two ultrasonic frequencies independently. First, the multi-wave TDX is used together with an ultrasonic velocity profiler (UVP) based on the ultrasonic pulse repetition method. The effects due to volume, liquid velocity, and bubble rising velocity measurements are obtained by the UVP in two-phase bubbly flows. However, the velocity distribution of bubbles measured by the UVP includes errors induced by tracer particles suspended in the liquid. The ultrasonic velocity profile technique requires tracer particles as ultrasonic reflectors. Then to improve the accuracy of the bubble rising velocity distribution, the ultrasound time domain correlation (UTDC) method is applied. Comparing the intensities of echo signals from 2 MHz and 8 MHz ultrasounds, bubble and liquid velocity distributions were obtained. The velocity distributions measured by the UTDC are in good agreement with those measured by the UVP. This technique can be utilized for many industrial applications. Keywords: Bubbly flowCross-correlationTwo-phase flowUltrasoundUTDCUVPVelocity profile measurement Acknowledgment The authors gratefully acknowledge the support work given by Dr. Gentarao Yamanaka.
Shares and utilities based power consolidation in virtualized server environments (2009)

Virtualization technologies like VMware and Xen provide features to specify the minimum and maximum amount of resources that can be allocated to a virtual machine (VM) and a shares based mechanism for the hypervisor to distribute spare resources among contending VMs. However much of the existing work on VM placement and power consolidation in data centers fails to take advantage of these features. One of our experiments on a real testbed shows that leveraging such features can improve the overall utility of the data center by 47% or even higher. Motivated by these, we present a novel suite of techniques for placement and power consolidation of VMs in data centers taking advantage of the min-max and shares features inherent in virtualization technologies. Our techniques provide a smooth mechanism for power-performance tradeoffs in modern data centers running heterogeneous applications, wherein the amount of resources allocated to a VM can be adjusted based on available resources, power costs, and application utilities. We evaluate our techniques on a range of large synthetic data center setups and a small real data center testbed comprising of VMware ESX servers. Our experiments confirm the end-to-end validity of our approach and demonstrate that our final candidate algorithm, PowerExpandMinMax, consistently yields the best overall utility across a broad spectrum of inputs - varying VM sizes and utilities, varying server capacities and varying power costs - thus providing a practical solution for administrators.
Stress-Based Forming Limits in Sheet Metal Forming (2000)

Abstract A strain-based forming limit criterion is widely used throughout the sheet metal forming industry to gauge the stability of the deformed material with respect to the development of a localized neck prior to fracture. This criterion is strictly valid only when the strain path is linear throughout the deformation process. There is significant data that shows a strong and complex dependence of the limit criterion on the strain path. Unfortunately, the strain path is never linear in secondary forming and hydro-forming processes. Furthermore, the path is often found to be non-linear in localized critical areas in the first draw die. Therefore, the conventional practice of using a path-independent strain-based forming limit criterion often leads to erroneous assessments of forming severity. Recently it has been reported that a stress-based forming limit criterion appears to exhibit no strain-path dependencies. Subsequently, it has been suggested that this effect is not real, but is due to the saturation of the stress-strain relation. This paper will review and compare the strain-based and stress-based forming limit criteria, looking at a number of factors that are involved in the definition of the stress-based forming limit, including the role of the stress-strain relation.
Insulin Antagonizes Glucose-Induced Gastric Acid Secretion via the AMP Kinase - A Reason for the High Prevalence of Peptic Ulcer Disease and GERD in DM 2? (2010)

Purpose: Patients with Diabetes mellitus Type 2 (DM 2) can have a severe dysfunction in their stomach physiology causing among other things: dyspepsia, peptic ulcer disease and GERD. This study aims to elucidate the normal Glucose/Insulin physiology in gastric acid secretion and its pathophysiology via a possible interaction with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a metabolic regulator of energy in the parietal cell. Methods: Real-time fluorescence digital imaging was used for intracellular pH (pHi) measurements to provide functional evidence for the interaction of Glucose, AMPK and Insulin in modulating secretagogue-induced acid secretion. Isolated hand dissected single glands were analyzed on a digital-imaging system after loading with the pH sensitive dye BCECF. Single glands were excited at 490 nm and 440 nm, respectively, to subsequently measure the intensity of the fluorescent signal at 520 nm, which correlates to pHi and. Incubation with the classic secretagogue histamine (200 microM) resulted in secretion of gastric acid. In a subsequent series of experiments glands were exposed to high Glucose (20 mM) and Glucose-free (0 mM) solutions. To evaluate the effect of AMPK in the gastric parietal cell in the presence of Glucose, it was pharmacologically activated with AICAR monophosphate and inhibited with Compound C. In a separate set of experiments Insulin was added to the high Glucose (20 mM) solution and Compound C. Results: High Glucose solutions effectively activated acid secretion, whereas Glucose-free solutions were shown to prevent the secretagogue-independent gastric acid secretion. The addition of a secretagogue to a Glucose-free solution could not restore acid secretion. The reduction of acid secretion was overcome by the inhibition of AMPK by Compound C. Adding a classical secretagogue to the high glucose solution increased the rate of extrusion of protons. Exposure to AICAR monophosphate or Insulin significantly reduced the Glucose-induced acid secretion. In previous experiments we demonstrated that Compound C was able to restore acid secretion in the presence of Insulin and high glucose. Conclusion: Our data suggests that a high concentration of glucose in the plasma such as in DM 2 causes direct activation of gastric acid secretion in the parietal cell via the AMPK pathway. The metabolic regulator AMPK in the murine gastric cells was reversed by Insulin decreasing the extrusion of protons into the lumen. Our observations could explain the reason for the high incidence of peptic ulcer diseases, GERD and the vicious cycle of obesity due to lower than normal pH in the stomach in undertreated DM 2 patients causing these patients to have increased food intake to neutralize the low pH.
Polycationic photosensitizer conjugates: effects of chain length and Gram classification on the photodynamic inactivation of bacteria (2002)

These results can be explained by the necessity of a large polycation to penetrate the impermeable outer membrane of Gram-negative E. coli, while Gram-positive S. aureus is more easily penetrated by small molecules. However, because S. aureus is more sensitive overall than E. coli the 37-lysine conjugate can effectively kill both bacteria.
Design of a Self-Timed VLSI Multicomputer Communication Controller, (1987)

Abstract : We describe the design of the network design frame, (NDF), a self-timed routing chip for a message-passing concurrent computer. The NDF uses a partitioned data path, low-voltage output drivers, and a distributed token-passing arbiter to provide a bandwidth of 450Mbits/sec into the network. Wormhole routing and bidirectional virtual channels are used to provide low latency communications, less than micro seconds latency to deliver a 216 bit message across the diameter of a 1K node machine. To support concurrent software systems, the NDF provides two logical networks, one for user messages and one for system messages, that share the same set of physical wires. To facilitate the development of network nodes, the NDF is a design frame. The NDF circuitry is integrated into the pad frame of a chip leaving the center of the chip uncommitted.
Live-attenuated strains of improved genetic stability. (2001)

The current live-attenuated vaccine strains of poliovirus are genetically unstable and capable of rapid evolution in human hosts, resulting in reversion to neurovirulence and, occasionally, disease. They can also be shed by recipients for a considerable time after vaccination. This raises questions about how and when to stop vaccination after wild-type viruses have been eliminated. Persistence of vaccine revertant viruses in the population would present a risk to new cohorts of unvaccinated children and threaten the success of the eradication programme. A number of Sabin vaccine strain derivatives have been described that are, in theory, genetically more stable than the present vaccines and therefore less likely to revert to virulence. The approaches used in their derivation are outlined here and data presented for two strains showing a significant improvement in genetic stability. These strains were designed according to our understanding of the molecular basis of attenuation and incorporate changes in the sequence of an RNA structural domain that plays a key role in attenuation. They may also be less transmissible than the current type 3 vaccine strain and are potentially useful in the strategically difficult final stages of poliomyelitis eradication.
Feasibility Demonstration of Spatial Channel Networking Using SDM/WDM Hierarchical Approach for Peta-b/s Optical Transport (2020)

This article reports on a proof of concept demonstration of a recently proposed spatial channel network (SCN) that was conducted over an SCN testbed that comprises low-loss hierarchical optical cross-connect (HOXC) prototypes and four-core multicore fiber links. The HOXC prototypes used in the testbed are based on sub-matrix-switches and core selective switches both implemented with commercially available discrete optical switches. Using these two types of HOXC prototypes, the spatial channel networking including spatial bypassing, spatial add/drop and spectral grooming, spatial-lane change, and spatial-channel (SCh) protection is successfully demonstrated for SChs carrying 100-Gb/s-900-Gb/s optical channels.
100-Gbps RZ Data Reception in 67-GHz Si-Contacted Germanium Waveguide p-i-n Photodetectors (2016)

We demonstrate 100-Gbps silicon-contacted germanium waveguide p-i-n photodetectors integrated on imec's silicon photonics platform. The performance of 14 and 20 μm long devices is compared. The responsivity of the devices is 0.74 and 0.92 A/W at 1550 nm, respectively.
Polymeric microneedles enable simultaneous delivery of cancer immunomodulatory drugs and detection of skin biomarkers (2022)

<b>Background:</b> Immune-modulating therapies impart positive outcomes in a subpopulation of cancer patients. Improved delivery strategies and non-invasive monitoring of anti-tumor effects can help enhance those outcomes and understand the mechanisms associated with the generation of anti-tumor immune responses following immunotherapy. <b>Methods:</b> We report on the design of a microneedle (MN) platform capable of simultaneous delivery of immune activators and collection of interstitial skin fluid (ISF) to monitor therapeutic responses. While either approach has shown promise, the integration of the therapy and diagnostic arms into one MN platform has hardly been explored before. MNs were synthesized out of crosslinked hyaluronic acid (HA) and loaded with a model immunomodulatory nanoparticle-containing drug, CpG oligodinucleotides (TLR9 agonist), for cancer therapy in melanoma and colon cancer models. The therapeutic response was monitored by longitudinal analysis of entrapped immune cells in the MNs following patch retrieval and digestion. <b>Results:</b> Transdermal delivery of CpG-containing NPs with MNs induced anti-tumor immune responses in multiple syngeneic mouse cancer models. CpG-loaded MNs stimulated innate immune cells and reduced tumor growth. Intravital microscopy showed deposition and spatiotemporal co-localization of CpG-NPs within the tumor microenvironment when delivered with MNs. Analysis of MN-sampled ISF revealed similar immune signatures to those seen in the bulk tumor homogenate, such as increased populations of macrophages and effector T cells following treatment. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our hydrogel-based MNs enable effective transdermal drug delivery into immune cells in the tumor microenvironment, and upon retrieval, enable studying the immune response to the therapy over time. This platform has the theranostic potential to deliver a range of combination therapies while detecting biomarkers.
Co thin films deposited directly on ZnO polar surfaces (2016)

A ferromagnetic (FM)-metal/oxide stack is the key structure determining the performance of spintronic devices. However, the effect of the electronic polarity of the oxide on the magnetic properties of the adjacent FM-metal has not been investigated previously. Here, we report the magnetic and structural properties of Co ultra-thin films sputter deposited directly on the Zn- and O-polar surfaces of ZnO substrates. The magnetic anisotropy and Curie temperature exhibit dramatic polarity-dependent differences for films on these surfaces. Structural analyses reveal that the heterointerface of the Co/O-polar surface is rather diffusive, whereas that of the Co/Zn-polar surface is atomically flat. These results suggest that the surface polarity plays a key role in determining the properties of the film. This novel FM-metal/polar-oxide system is expected to add new functionality to spintronic devices and provide an ideal basis for investigating the effect of a built-in electric field on the magnetism in a metallic monolayer.
Analysis of Emotional Tendency and Syntactic Properties of VR Game Reviews (2022)

The studies of player reviews can help game developers design and optimize VR games. To this end, we investigated 288,685 reviews from 506 VR games on the Steam platform to analyze their sentiment tendencies using the machine learning-based model SKEP, which finds that although some of the reviews are &#x201C;recommend&#x201D;, they actually have opposite emotional tendencies. We also study the syntactic properties based on the natural language processing (NLP) kits Stanza and NLTK library, and we find that cybersickness is a significant concern for players.
Electron‐impact‐induced rearrangement of organic hypophosphates (1975)

Abstract Preliminary investigation of electron‐impact behavior of organic hypophosphates and their mono and dithio derivatives has shown that they undergo skeletal rearrangement to the anhydride type of structure magnified image ,and that this anti‐Arbuzov rearrangement is of electron‐impact origin.
Improving Accuracy of 3-D Reconstruction by Classifying Correspondences (2007)

In this paper, we show that we can improve accuracies of 3-D reconstructions with uncalibrated stereo by classifying correspondences between two images. After obtaining initial correspondences by an automatic matching program, we classify the correspondences into inliers and outliers in a multi-dimensional feature space. For doing this, we introduce four quantities with respect to a corresponding pair and adopt EM algorithm and oneclass SVM with a special kernel fitted to their characteristics. By real image examples, we show that we can improve the accuracies of 3-D reconstructions by classifying correspondences. 1
Personalized peptide vaccine-induced immune response associated with long-term survival of a metastatic cholangiocarcinoma patient (2016)

Metastatic cholangiocarcinomas, cancers that originate from the liver bile ducts, have very limited treatment options and a fatal prognosis. We describe a novel therapeutic approach in such a patient using a personalized multi-peptide vaccine. This vaccine, developed based on the characterization of the patient's tumor, evoked detectable anti-tumor immune responses, associating with long-term tumor-free survival.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Scatter Spectroscopic Imaging Distinguishes between Breast Pathologies in Tissues Relevant to Surgical Margin Assessment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 133K, Box plots of textural features as a function of diagnosis.&lt;/p&gt;