gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unsupervised High Impedance Fault Detection Using Autoencoder and Principal Component Analysis (2023)

Detection of high impedance faults (HIF) has been one of the biggest challenges in the power distribution network. The low current magnitude and diverse characteristics of HIFs make them difficult to be detected by over-current relays. Recently, data-driven methods based on machine learning models are gaining popularity in HIF detection due to their capability to learn complex patterns from data. Most machine learning-based detection methods adopt supervised learning techniques to distinguish HIFs from normal load conditions by performing classifications, which rely on a large amount of data collected during HIF. However, measurements of HIF are difficult to acquire in the real world. As a result, the reliability and generalization of the classification methods are limited when the load profiles and faults are not present in the training data. Consequently, this paper proposes an unsupervised HIF detection framework using the autoencoder and principal component analysis-based monitoring techniques. The proposed fault detection method detects the HIF by monitoring the changes in correlation structure within the current waveforms that are different from the normal loads. The performance of the proposed HIF detection method is tested using real data collected from a 4.16 kV distribution system and compared with results from a commercially available solution for HIF detection. The numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the commercially available HIF detection technique while maintaining high security by not falsely detecting during load conditions.
Epoxidation and late-stage C-H functionalization by P450 TamI is mediated by variant heme-iron oxidizing species (2021)

P450-catalyzed hydroxylation reactions are well understood mechanistically including the identity of the active oxidizing species. However, the catalytically active heme-iron species in P450 iterative oxidation cascades that involve mechanistically divergent pathways and distinct carbon atoms within a common substrate remains unexplored. Recently, we reported the enzymatic synthesis of tri-functionalized tirandamycin O (9) and O’ (10) using a bacterial P450 TamI variant and developed mechanistic hypotheses to explore their formation. Here, we report the ability of bacterial P450 TamI L295A to shift between different oxidizing species as it catalyzes the sequential epoxidation, hydroxylation and radical-catalyzed epoxide-opening cascade to create new tirandamycin antibiotics. We also provide evidence that the TamI peroxo-iron species could be a viable catalyst to enable nucleophilic epoxide opening in the absence of iron-oxo Compound I. Using site-directed mutagenesis, kinetic solvent isotope effects, artificial oxygen surrogates, end-point assays, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we provide new insights into the active oxidant species that P450 TamI employs to introduce its unique pattern of oxidative decorations.
The need for a network to establish and validate predictive biomarkers in cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Immunotherapies have emerged as one of the most promising approaches to treat patients with cancer. Recently, the entire medical oncology field has been revolutionized by the introduction of immune checkpoints inhibitors. Despite success in a variety of malignancies, responses typically only occur in a small percentage of patients for any given histology or treatment regimen. There are also concerns that immunotherapies are associated with immune-related toxicity as well as high costs. As such, identifying biomarkers to determine which patients are likely to derive clinical benefit from which immunotherapy and/or be susceptible to adverse side effects is a compelling clinical and social need. In addition, with several new immunotherapy agents in different phases of development, and approved therapeutics being tested in combination with a variety of different standard of care treatments, there is a requirement to stratify patients and select the most appropriate population in which to assess clinical efficacy. The opportunity to design parallel biomarkers studies that are integrated within key randomized clinical trials could be the ideal solution. Sample collection (fresh and/or archival tissue, PBMC, serum, plasma, stool, etc.) at specific points of treatment is important for evaluating possible biomarkers and studying the mechanisms of responsiveness, resistance, toxicity and relapse. This white paper proposes the creation of a network to facilitate the sharing and coordinating of samples from clinical trials to enable more in-depth analyses of correlative biomarkers than is currently possible and to assess the feasibilities, logistics, and collated interests. We propose a high standard of sample collection and storage as well as exchange of samples and knowledge through collaboration, and envisage how this could move forward using banked samples from completed studies together with prospective planning for ongoing and future clinical trials.
One-Pot Alkoxymercuriation-Bromodemercuriation: A Versatile Access to 3-Alkoxy-2-bromopropanoic Esters (1993)

Abstract A convenient one-pot methodology for the preparation of 3-alkoxy-2-bromopropanoic esters from alkyl acrylates is described. The use of stoichiometric amounts of alkyl acrylate, alcohol and mercury trifluoroacetate in THF makes this procedure versatile and attractive to achieve building blocks for the synthesis of targeted contrast agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging.
SAUR39, a Small Auxin-Up RNA Gene, Acts as a Negative Regulator of Auxin Synthesis and Transport in Rice (2009)

The phytohormone auxin plays a critical role for plant growth by regulating the expression of a set of genes. One large auxin-responsive gene family of this type is the small auxin-up RNA (SAUR) genes, although their function is largely unknown. The expression of the rice (Oryza sativa) SAUR39 gene showed rapid induction by transient change in different environmental factors, including auxin, nitrogen, salinity, cytokinin, and anoxia. Transgenic rice plants overexpressing the SAUR39 gene resulted in lower shoot and root growth, altered shoot morphology, smaller vascular tissue, and lower yield compared with wild-type plants. The SAUR39 gene was expressed at higher levels in older leaves, unlike auxin biosynthesis, which occurs largely in the meristematic region. The transgenic plants had a lower auxin level and a reduced polar auxin transport as well as the down-regulation of some putative auxin biosynthesis and transporter genes. Biochemical analysis also revealed that transgenic plants had lower chlorophyll content, higher levels of anthocyanin, abscisic acid, sugar, and starch, and faster leaf senescence compared with wild-type plants at the vegetative stage. Most of these phenomena have been shown to be negatively correlated with auxin level and transport. Transcript profiling revealed that metabolic perturbations in overexpresser plants were largely due to transcriptional changes of genes involved in photosynthesis, senescence, chlorophyll production, anthocyanin accumulation, sugar synthesis, and transport. The lower growth and yield of overexpresser plants was largely recovered by exogenous auxin application. Taken together, the results suggest that SAUR39 acts as a negative regulator for auxin synthesis and transport.
Wyner-Ziv video compression using rateless LDPC codes (2007)

In this paper we consider Wyner-Ziv video compression using rateless LDPC codes. It is shown that the advantages of using rateless LDPC codes in Wyner-Ziv video compression, in comparison to using traditional fixed-rate LDPC codes, are at least threefold: 1) it significantly reduces the storage complexity; 2) it allows seamless integration with mode selection; and 3) it greatly improves the overall system's performance. Experimental results on the standard CIF-sized sequence <i>mobile_and_calendar</i> show that by combining rateless LDPC coding with simple skip mode selection, one can build a Wyner-Ziv video compression system that is, at rate 0.2 bits per pixel, about 2.25dB away from the standard JM software implementation of the H.264 main profile, more than 8.5dB better than H.264 Intra where all frames are H.264 coded intrapredicted frames, and about 2.3dB better than the same Wyner-Ziv system using fixed-rate LDPC coding. In terms of encoding complexity, the Wyner-Ziv video compression system is two orders of magnitude less complex than the JM implementation of the H.264 main profile.
Coded caching for networks with the resolvability property (2016)

Coded caching is a recently proposed technique for dealing with large scale content distribution over the Internet. As in conventional caching, it leverages the presence of local caches at the end users. However, it considers coding in the caches and/or coded transmission from the central server and demonstrates that huge savings in transmission rate are possible when the server and the end users are connected via a single shared link. In this work, we consider a more general topology where there is a layer of relay nodes between the server and the users, e.g., combination networks studied in network coding are an instance of these networks. We propose novel schemes for a class of such networks that satisfy a so-called resolvability property and demonstrate that the performance of our scheme is strictly better than previously proposed schemes.
A deterministic particle method for one-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations (1995)

. We derive a deterministic particle method for the solution of nonlinear reactiondiffusion equations in one spatial dimension. This deterministic method is an analog of a Monte Carlo method for the solution of these problems that has been previously investigated by the author. The deterministic method leads to the consideration of a system of ordinary differential equations for the positions of suitably defined particles. We then consider the time explicit and implicit methods for this system of ordinary differential equations and we study a Picard and Newton iteration for the solution of the implicit system. Next we solve numerically this system and study the discretization error both analytically and numerically. Numerical computation shows that this deterministic method is automatically adaptive to large gradients in the solution. 1. Introduction. We are interested in numerical methods for the solution of nonlinear reaction-diffusion equations in one species and in one spatial dim...
FM laser operation in SOA-based fiber ring lasers (2007)

We present methods for controlling both laser linewidth and lineshape via FM laser operation for tunable single frequency oscillated SOA-based fiber ring lasers, using either phase modulation, or amplitude modulation, or current modulation of SOA.
ChemInform Abstract: Thiazole Analogues of the NSAID Indomethacin as Selective COX‐2 Inhibitors. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Red/green/blue LD mixed white-light communication at 6500K with divergent diffuser optimization (2018)

Enabling laser white-lighting at a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6500K with the use of only red/green/blue (RGB) tri-color laser diodes (LDs) is demonstrated, which can further perform wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) communication with a high-spectral-usage 16 QAM-OFDM data stream at 11.2 Gbps over 0.5 m. The sampling rate of encoded data is optimized to avoid the aliasing effect and to effectively amplify the signal with high on/off extinction and modulation depth. Proper oversampling can decrease the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM data and filter out unwanted noise. There are also six different diffusers used to diverge the white-light mixed by the RGB LD beam. By analyzing the color-casting transmittance, surface roughness, CCT uniformity, divergent angle of the diffuser, and the data transmission capacity, the frosted glass (FG<sub>2.8</sub>) diffuser with high transmittance diverges the white light with the divergent angle of ± 20° and supports the highest data rate of 14 Gbps over 0.5 m. To fit the day-light CCT, the blue LD power at an optimized bias current is further attenuated with a 0.6-optical density filter for reducing CCT from 100000K to 6500K; however, such an adjustment also degrades the SNR ratio to sacrifice the achievable data rate of the blue LD. The polycarbonate (PC<sub>1.5</sub>) diffuser with proper surface roughness diverged white-light exhibits the best CCT uniformity and a divergent angle of ± 30° but supports a data rate of only 6.4 Gbps over 0.5 m. The poly (methyl methacrylate) PMMA<sub>1.5</sub> diffuser scatters the white light with the largest angle of ± 40°; however, the data rate also decreases to 4.8 Gbps over 0.5 m.
Effect of Temperature and Moisture on the Impact Behavior of Graphite/Epoxy Composites: Part II—Impact Damage (1995)

In Part I of this paper (this publication), dropped weight impact testing was used to evaluate the influence of temperature and moisture on the impact resistance of various graphite/epoxy composites. In the present paper, subpenetration impact testing and subsequent damage characterization using ultrasonic c-scan and microscopic techniques are used to provide additional insight into the nature of the impact damage and to identify critical parameters affecting impact performance.
Autonomous vehicle control systems — a review of decision making (2011)

A systematic review is provided on artificial agent methodologies applicable to control engineering of autonomous vehicles and robots. The paper focuses on some fundamentals that make a machine autonomous: decision making that involves modelling the environment and forming data abstractions for symbolic processing and logic-based reasoning. Most relevant capabilities such as navigation, autonomous path planning, path following control, and communications, that directly affect decision making, are treated as basic skills of agents. Although many autonomous vehicles have been engineered in the past without using the agent-oriented approach, most decision making onboard of vehicles is similar to or can be classified as some kind of agent architecture, even if in a naïve form. First the ANSI standard of intelligent systems is recalled then a summary of the fundamental types of possible agent architectures for autonomous vehicles are presented, starting from reactive, through layered, to advanced architectures in terms of beliefs, goals, and intentions. The review identifies some missing links between computer science results on discrete agents and engineering results of continuous world sensing, actuation, and path planning. In this context design tools for ‘abstractions programming’ are identified as needed to fill in the gap between logic-based reasoning and sensing. Finally, research is reviewed on autonomous vehicles in water, on the ground, in the air, and in space with comments on their methods of decision making. One of the main conclusions of this review is that standardization of decision making through agent architectures is desirable for the future of intelligent vehicle developments and their legal certification.
Development of New Hydraulic Fluids Specifications for Construction Machinery (2005)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Hydraulic fluid (HF) specifications for mobile construction equipment called JCMAS HK and HKB have been established by the Fuels and Lubricants Committee of Japan Construction Mechanization Association (JCMA). The specifications are designated by two viscosity categories of single grade and multigrade.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Each category has ISO viscosity grade (VG) 32 and 46. The JCMAS HK oils are recommended for use in hydraulic systems designed at pressure up to 34.3MPa(5000psi) and to heat hydraulic fluid up to 100 °C. These oils also provide wear control, friction performance, oxidation and rust protection, seal swell control and filterability performance. Two piston pump test procedures were developed to evaluate lubricating performance of these oils under high pressure conditions. The JACMAS HKB oils are classified as environmentally friendly oils due to the additional requirement for biodegradability.&lt;/div&gt;
Retroviral transduction and expansion of peripheral blood lymphocytes for the treatment of mucopolysaccharidosis type II, Hunter's syndrome (1999)

Autologous cryopreserved PBLs can be transduced and expanded to produce >1 x 10(10) cells. This procedure is being used for a Phase I/II clinical trial of lymphocyte gene therapy.
Practical and controllable subsurface scattering for production path tracing (2016)

Subsurface scattering is ubiquitous in digital worlds created for films. While diffusion-based approximations are still widely used, they can produce undesirable and implausible results when the "semi-infinite slab" assumption is violated. The brute force alternative, Monte Carlo simulation of volumetric path tracing, is much more robust over geometric variations. However, its physically based nature makes it unintuitive for artists. In this talk, we exploit the best of both worlds: taking advantage of the robustness of the path-traced approach while allowing artists to use the production-proven intuitive controls from the Normalized Diffusion model [Burley 2015]. We also introduce a sampling scheme that improves the performance of the brute force approach to be practical for production rendering.
Toward Benign Ends (1999)

Green chemistry aims to reduce or eliminate "the use or generation of hazardous substances in the design, manufacture, and application of chemical products." These two volumes offer a succinct introduction to the field and highlight a wide range of current activities within it, including research on catalysis, solvents, and supercritical fluids.
Beam scanning antenna enabled by a spatially reconfigurable near-zero index metamaterial (2013)

High-gain metamaterial lens antennas offer significant advantages for the construction of compact, high-efficiency, and lightweight antenna systems. Many such antennas use a homogeneous slab of uniaxial Zero-Index Metamaterial (ZIM) to perform the collimation due to the relative simplicity of design and construction, as the radiation pattern is set merely by the shape of the ZIM slab. As an extension to this concept, a dynamically reconfigurable metamaterial may be used to create an antenna capable of real-time solid-state beamforming. By switching regions of a cylindrical lens between near-ZIM and near-free-space conditions, the effective shape of the ZIM and thus the direction and relative magnitude of the beams in the azimuthal plane are controlled. Elevation plane scanning is also possible by stacking several such lenses with identical feed magnitude and phase to form an array and controlling the pattern with the spatially-distributed metamaterial state.
Design of the FutureGrid experiment management framework (2010)

FutureGrid provides novel computing capabilities that enable reproducible experiments while simultaneously supporting dynamic provisioning. This paper describes the FutureGrid experiment management framework to create and execute large scale scientific experiments for researchers around the globe. The experiments executed are performed by the various users of FutureGrid ranging from administrators to software developers and end users. The Experiment management framework will consist of software tools that record user and system actions to generate a reproducible set of tasks and resource configurations. Additionally, the experiment management framework can be used to share not only the experiment setup, but also performance information for the specific instantiation of the experiment. This makes it possible to compare a variety of experiment setups and analyze the impact Grid and Cloud software stacks have.
Identification of feeding Stimulants to Improve Efficiency of Diet for flatfish (2002)

우리나라 해산어 양식의 주요 대상 어종인 넙치의 섭식 촉진 물질을 확인하기 위하여 몇 가지 아미노산, 핵산관련물질, 염기성 물질 및 산가수분해물의 섭식촉진 효과를 수조 실험을 통해 검토하였다. Glycine, IMP, GMP 및 betaine은 다소의 섭식 촉진 효과가 인정되었으며 천연 단백질 자원의 산 가수분해물인 KH가 가장 우수한 섭식촉진 효과를 보였다. KH는 사료 중량에 대하여 <TEX>$1.05\%$</TEX> (w/w)까지 섭식촉진 효과가 증가하였으나 그 이상의 농도에서는 효과가 거의 일정하였다. 산 가수분해물의 pH는 섭식촉진에 영향을 미치지 않았고, 물질의 흔합에 따른 상승효과는 KH와 glycine의 조합이 가장 우수하였다. 대조군 사료는 총 급이량의 <TEX>$58.2\%$</TEX>를 섭취한 반면 섭식촉진 사료는 <TEX>$83.3\%$</TEX>를 섭취하여 섭식촉진물질의 첨가는 섭식량의 증가 뿐 아니라 사료 효율의 개선에 현저히 기여하였다. 그리고 섭식촉진 물질의 조합에 따른 단가 상승은 기본사료 가격의 <TEX>$0.05\%$</TEX> 이내에 불과하여 경제성이 충분하며 실용화가 가능한 것으로 예상하였다. 한편 본 연구 결과의 적용을 확대하기 위해서는 장차 넙치 성어에 대한 연구도 필요할 것으로 보인다. In order to identify the feeding stimulants for flatfish, the feeding tests were conducted using some diets added the amino acids, nucleotides, betaine and TU and acid hydrolysates to basal diet formula, respectively, The feeding stimulant activities and synergistic effects of those compounds were evaluated by a bioassay method. The KH, a kind of acid hydrolysate, possessed a remarkable feeding stimulant activity. It's stimulant activities were increased up to the concentration of <TEX>$1.05\%$</TEX> (w/v), and were independent of pH. The formulation of KH and glycine had a most synergistic effect, The feeding rate of diet with feeding stimulation was 1,4 fold than that of diet without one. The costs for optimum formulation of feeding stimulants were cheaper than some additives in diets. It suggest that the results can practically used in preparation of diet containing feeding stimulant effects for flatfish.
Evidence for transmissibility of Alzheimer disease pathology: Cause for concern? (2016)

Recently, a research group from University College London examined the brains of eight patients, all of whom had died after contracting Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) through treatment with prion-contaminated growth hormone prepared from donated human pituitary tissue.[1][1] The researchers found
Charakterisierung und Photochemie der Gallium- und Indiumsubhydride Ga2H2 und In2H2 (2002)

Die fünf binären Spezies Ga(μ-H)2Ga, In(μ-H)2In (siehe Struktur links), HGaGaH, HInInH (Mitte) und GaGaH2 (rechts) wurden durch Matrixisolation hergestellt und IR-spektroskopisch sowie durch quantenchemische Rechnungen zweifelsfrei identifiziert. Untersuchungen der photochemischen Eigenschaften ergaben, dass sich die jeweiligen Isomere durch Photolyse ineinander überführen lassen.
Reversal of Multidrug Resistance by 7-O-Benzoylpyripyropene A in Multidrug-Resistant Tumor Cells. (2000)

7-O-Benzoylpyripyropene A (7-O-BzP), a semi-synthetic analog of pyripyropene, was investigated for its reversing effect on multidrug-resistant (MDR) tumor cells. 7-O-BzP (6.25 microg/ml) completely reversed resistance against vincristine and adriamycin in vincristine-resistant KB cells (VJ-300) and adriamycin-resistant P388 cells (P388/ADR), respectively. 7-O-BzP alone had no effect on the growth of drug sensitive and drug-resistant cells. 7-O-BzP (6.25 microg/ml) significantly enhanced accumulation of [3H]vincristine in VJ-300 cells and completely inhibited the binding of [3H]azidopine to the P-glycoprotein in VJ-300 cells and P388/ADR cells. The result suggests that 7-O-BzP effectively reverses P-glycoprotein-related MDR by interacting directly with P-glycoprotein in drug resistant VJ-300 and P388/ADR cells.