gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trust-Aware Service Function Chain Embedding: A Path-Based Approach (2020)

With the emergence of network function virtualization (NFV), and software-defined networking (SDN), the realization and implementation of service function chains (SFCs) have become much easier. An SFC is an ordered set of interconnected virtual network functions (VNFs). NFV allows for decoupling the network functions from proprietary hardware realizing a software-based implementation of VNFs on commodity hardware, and SDN decouples the network control from its forwarding logic allowing for a more flexible and programmable traffic routing among the VNFs. The SFC embedding problem (i.e. placement of SFCs on a shared substrate and establishing the corresponding traffic routes between the VNFs), has been extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, we extend a previous work on trust-aware service chain embedding with generalizing the role of trust by incorporating the trustworthiness of the service network links and substrate network paths into the SFC embedding decision process. We first introduce and formulate the path-based trust-aware service chain embedding problem as a mixed integer-linear program (MILP), and then provide an approximate model based on selecting - shortest candidate substrate paths for hosting each virtual link, to reduce the complexity of the model. We validate the performance of our methods through simulations and conduct a discussion on evaluating the methods and some operation trade-offs.
Comparative Study of 1,5‐Dinitrogen Schiff Bases as Potential Ligands in Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Alkylation. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermographic Detection of Near and Far-Side Corrosion (2018)

&lt;title&gt;ABSTRACT&lt;/title&gt; &lt;p&gt;Active thermography has been demonstrated to be an effective tool for detection of near-surface corrosion hidden under paint, as well as hidden material loss due to corrosion. Compared to established point inspection techniques (e.g. ultrasound, eddy current), thermography offers fast, wide-area inspection of flat or curved surfaces that does not require direct contact or coupling. In its simplest form, it can be used to perform qualitative inspection using a heat gun or lamp and an uncooled IR camera. Recent developments in thermographic signal processing, coupled with improved IR camera and thermal excitation technology have resulted in significant advances in resolution, sensitivity and probability of detection of near and far-surface corrosion, and the ability to perform quantitative characterization of corrosion.&lt;/p&gt;
Integrating Resonant Structures with IR Detectors. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
High Cell Density Cultivation and High Recombinant Protein Production ofEscherichia coliStrain Expressing Uricase (1995)

Uricase from Cellulomonas flavigena SK-4 is an industrially useful enzyme for commercial formulations of hair coloring. The uricase production by recombinant Escherichia coli strain with a high cell density cultivation technique was described. Of three kinds of media, synthetic media with the feeding of a high concentration of glucose solution were suitable for high cell density cultivation. As for feeding, both biomass concentration and uricase productivity were increased by about two (61.2 g dry cell weight (DCW)/liter) and three times (1037 U/ml broth), respectively, in 24 h by continuous supply. In the case of feeding by a DO-stat method, however, cell concentration was comparable to continuous glucose supply but uricase activity was reduced. By supplying pure oxygen to compensate for oxygen limitation during cultivation, the highest values of 77.4g DCW/liter and 1113 U/ml broth of the uricase activity were achieved with the total cultivation time of 15 h.
A systematic review to assess the burden of ischemic priapism in patients with sickle cell disease (2023)

Abstract Introduction Ischemic priapism is a serious condition characterized by a persistent and painful involuntary erection. Patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at an elevated risk of experiencing priapism, with approximately 40% experiencing priapism during their lifetime. Objectives This systematic literature review (SLR) sought to identify studies reporting the clinical, humanistic, and economic burden of SCD-related priapism. Methods MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL/CDSR, and 14 congresses were searched. Results were screened against predefined criteria and studies assessing relevant aspects of burden for human patients with SCD-related priapism were included. Outcomes of interest included rates of erectile dysfunction (ED), other disease-related complications, health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and economic burden. Results Of 1,236 publications identified, 34 were included. Most studies were retrospective observational (21). Sample size varied widely (range, 15–10,788). Study publication dates ranged from November 1980 through April 2018. Twenty-one studies reported clinical burden, with findings falling into 4 categories-priapism duration, recurrence frequency, incidence/severity of ED, and other complications. Nineteen studies reported humanistic burden, finding limited use of validated HRQoL measures such as the International Index of Erectile Function and the Priapism Impact Profile. Other patient-reported humanistic outcomes included worse scores on sleep-related indices and low rates of satisfactory intercourse. Eight studies reported economic burden. Direct treatment costs ranged from $4,996 for patients without penile operations to $22,906 (2019 USD) for patients receiving transfusions and urologic procedures. Conclusions This SLR identified 34 studies providing evidence of the burden of priapism for patients with SCD, including painful complications and diminished physical, mental and sexual function.
AERATION STRATEGIES AND FAN COST COMPARISONS FOR WHEAT IN MID-SOUTH PRODUCTION REGIONS (2005)

Numerous factors influence the sizing of aeration fans for summer-harvested crops. Thirty years of weather datafor Lexington, Kentucky, were analyzed and the cost of aeration was compared for two axial fans (afan1, afan2) and onecentrifugal fan (cfan1). Aeration costs were defined as the sum of the following components: the cost of owning the fan, thecost of electricity for operating the fan, a cost for wheat shrinkage during aeration, and a cost for dry matter loss (DML).The fans were selected to deliver airflow rates of approximately one, two, and three times the recommended aeration rate of0.11 m3/min/t (0.1 cfm/bu). Aeration fan investment costs ranged from $709 (afan1) to $1739 (cfan1). Aeration costs for eachfan were compared for four initial grain temperatures: 21.1.C, 23.9.C, 26.7.C, and 29.4.C (70.F, 75.F, 80.F, and 85.F);four harvest dates: 1 June, 15 June, 1 July, and 15 July; and two aeration temperature windows (0 to 15.C and 0 to 17.C).Generally, the total aeration cost increased with initial grain temperature, decreased with later harvest dates, and was notsignificantly affected by aeration temperature window. When the total cost of aerating the wheat was considered, the resultsshowed that the most expensive fan (cfan1) was not appreciably more costly than the least expensive (afan1). It was also foundthat using fans with airflow rates above the minimum recommendation were successful in reducing the amount of wheatshrinkage and dry matter loss, which should provide the producer with a larger volume of better quality grain at market.
MAPPIT: a cytokine receptor‐based two‐hybrid method in mammalian cells1 (2002)

Identifying novel targets for therapy in allergic disease: protein interactions inside the cell Therapy of allergic disease currently relies on pharmacological manipulation of mediators or immunotherapy. Drugs have been developed to target specific mediators and their receptors: for example antihistamines blocking the H1 receptor have been refined to maximize antagonism and reduce central side-effects or adverse effects of activity on other receptors such as muscarinic cholinergic receptors. Traditional pharmacological approaches identify new surface receptors against which chemists will then design or screen compounds for activity: examples are H3 or H4 histamine receptors. With the advent of the sequenced human genome we are faced with a vast array of genes and proteins that interact to define normal physiology or indeed pathology. A major challenge to biotechnology is to evolve novel techniques to understand the function and interaction of these myriad proteins. One particular area of current interest is the signalling cascades downstream of surface receptors. For many years pathways have appeared overlapping and to offer little chance of specific intervention. However, greater understanding of the complexity and integration of signalling, together with the possibility of directing drugs to specific cells has aroused considerable interest in this area for novel therapeutics. Indeed, targeting events within the cell has been done for many years with steroids. Here, Jan Tavernier and colleagues describe some signalling pathways relevant to allergic disease and potential methods for understanding protein interactions that allow mapping of the cascades. In particular they describe an elegant new system of analysis of protein-protein interactions in a mammalian system, which they have developed, termed MAPPIT. The basis of the system is an engineered receptor with JAK kinase but which lacks STAT activation sites. To the cytoplasmic end of the receptor is added a bait protein of interest, and the cell line can then be transduced with plasmid containing 'prey' cDNA from a library of interest linked to an active STAT binding site. If this cDNA encodes a protein which, upon expression, is activated and recruited to the membrane complex, it will bind to the receptor via the bait, then STAT activation will occur and activate a reporter gene system such as luciferase or puromycin resistance. This novel system allows study of known protein-protein interactions by targeted mutagenesis, or screening for novel interactions. It has the advantage over existing systems such as yeast 2 hybrid that it uses mammalian cells and thus can reproduce the physiological conditions for protein processing or activation. As new genes and proteins are linked to the atopic phenotypes, systems such as this hold promise of rapidly defining their function and interacting proteins and may be important in linking genomics and proteomics with function and pharmacology in the future.
“The Beginning of New Era of Corneal Research” 17th Annual Meeting of the Kyoto Cornea Club December 2–3, 2011 (2012)

Cornea: November 2012 - Volume 31 - Issue - p S1-S2 doi: 10.1097/ICO.0b013e31826a8199
Non‐contrast enhanced MR angiography: Physical principles (2012)

Noncontrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (NCE-MRA) methods have been demonstrated in anatomies throughout the body. Previously established NCE-MRA techniques suffered from long scan times or low sensitivity. Advances in hardware and software have made NCE-MRA scan times clinically feasible. Recent concerns over the safety of gadolinium-based contrast material combined with the expense of the material and its administration have generated a demand for NCE-MRA. In response, several new NCE-MRA methods have been developed. The physical mechanisms underlying five general classes of NCE-MRA methods (inflow effect, flow-dependency on cardiac phase, flow-encoding, spin labeling, and relaxation) are explained. The original techniques of time-of-flight (TOF) and phase contrast MRA (PC-MRA) are briefly introduced. New developments in NCE-MRA, including hybrid of opposite-contrast (HOP-MRA), four dimensional PC-MRA (4D Flow), cardiac-gated 3D fast-spin-echo, flow-sensitive dephasing (FSD), arterial spin labeling (ASL), and balanced steady-state free-precession (bSSFP) are highlighted. The primary applications, advantages, and limitations of established and emerging NCE-MRA techniques are discussed.
MicroRNA in Cancer and Cachexia—A Mini-Review (2015)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short noncoding RNAs with a length of approximately 22 nucleotides that are involved in posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. miRNAs cover an important role in all biological processes, and aberrant miRNA expression is commonly associated with cancer. Recent discoveries have associated the involvement of miRNA in an increasingly large number of biological processes, including cachexia. The cachexia syndrome is a debilitating state of cancer that is, at least in part, associated with apoptosis. The mechanism through which tumors promote the characteristic distal loss of muscle and fat mass during the cachectic process is still not deeply investigated. In this review, we briefly describe the role of miRNAs in cancer development and cachexia.
Impact of the Number of Treatment Courses on the Clinical Response of Patients Who Receive High-Dose Bolus Interleukin-2 (2000)

Most patients with metastatic melanoma and renal cell cancer who achieved PRs or CRs to intravenous high-dose bolus IL-2 were identified after the first course of therapy. Those who demonstrated no response after two treatment courses failed to respond to additional IL-2 therapy. Based on this retrospective analysis, we recommend that patients who exhibit objective responses to treatment with high-dose bolus IL-2 receive additional treatment courses until either CR or IL-2 intolerance develops. Patients who do not achieve objective responses after two courses of IL-2 should receive no further treatment with this regimen.
Semiconductor nanowires embedded in optical microcavities (2006)

Optical loss of a chemically-synthesized light-emitting nanowire can be reduced by embedding the nanowire in an optical microcavity. Design of nanowire/photonic crystal platform as well as characterization of nanowire embedded in race-track microresonator are presented.
Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate, Fat, and Protein on Postprandial Glycemia and Energy Intake in Cats (2013)

High-carbohydrate diets increase postprandial glycemia in healthy cats compared with diets high in fat or protein, although energy intake is lower. Avoidance of high- and moderate-carbohydrate diets can be advantageous in cats at risk of diabetes. Maintenance energy requirements should be fed to prevent weight gain when switching to lower carbohydrate diets.
Postoperative Spinal Hematoma and Seroma (2023)

Fluid collections after spine surgery are rare complications, although potentially grave, and may be broadly grouped into two major categories. Symptomatic postoperative epidural hematomas have some known risk factors and can present with a widely variable profile of signs and symptoms. Treatment involves emergent surgical evacuation to reduce the risk of permanent neurologic deficit. Postoperative seroma may lead to disruption of wound healing and deep infection and has been associated with the use of recombinant human bone mineral protein. These diagnoses may present diagnostic challenges; thorough understanding of the involved pathophysiology, meticulous clinical evaluation, and radiographic interpretation are critical to appropriate management and optimal outcome.
Chemical Kinetics of Gold Nanorod Growth in Aqueous CTAB Solutions (2011)

The chemical kinetics of the silver-mediated growth of gold nanorods prepared by the reduction of gold precursor in aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) solution has been systematically studied using spectroscopic monitoring and electron microscopy. The rate of monomer depletion −d[Aun+]/dt has a linear dependence on both [Aun+] and seed nuclei concentration at 30 °C. Particle growth is significantly retarded by hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and KBr, with the order ca. −1 for [Br–]. The rate of nanoparticle growth is dependent on the reducing ascorbate monoanion concentration and is consequently highly pH dependent around the pKa1 of ascorbic acid, while AgNO3 retards the observed kinetics for both the growth of nanorods from ca. 2 nm seed nuclei and the overgrowth of Au nanorods.
Enhancement mode AlGaN/GaN MOS high-electron-mobility transistors with ZrO2 gate dielectric deposited by atomic layer deposition (2016)

Abstract Advanced applications of AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs) in high-power RF and power switching are driving the need for insulated gate technology. We present a metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) gate structure using atomic-layer-deposited ZrO 2 as a high- k , high-breakdown gate dielectric for reduced gate leakage and a recessed barrier structure for enhancement mode operation. Compared to a Schottky metal-gate HEMT, the recessed MOS-HEMT structure demonstrated a reduction in the gate leakage current by 4 orders of magnitude and a threshold voltage shift of +6 V to a record +3.99 V, enabled by a combination of a recessed barrier structure and negative oxide charge.
S-Parameter and Frequency Identification Method for ANN-Based Eye-Height/Width Prediction (2017)

Design and analysis of high-speed SerDes channels primarily deal with ensuring signal integrity (SI) for desired electrical performance. SI is predominantly judged by time domain (TD) metrics: bit error rate (BER), eye-height (EH), and eye-width (EW). With increasing bit rates and stringent BER criteria, TD simulations are becoming compute-time-intensive. A full-factorial, cost-effective design space exploration for SI is made possible by learning-based mapping of frequency-domain S-parameter data to EH/EW. A major challenge in this mapping procedure is the identification of relevant S-parameter data, such as return loss, insertion loss, crosstalks, and the frequency points at which they are sampled. This paper outlines a methodology to identify the critical S-parameters at specific frequency points using information theory-based definition of data relevance using a fast correlation-based filter solution for feature selection. This technique is applied for identifying relevant features for generating artificial neural network-based prediction models of EH/EW within 2.5% accuracy for channels with high data rates and complex topologies.
PAR1 contributes to influenza A virus pathogenicity in mice (2012)

Influenza causes substantial morbidity and mortality, and highly pathogenic and drug-resistant strains are likely to emerge in the future. Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is a thrombin-activated receptor that contributes to inflammatory responses at mucosal surfaces. The role of PAR1 in pathogenesis of virus infections is unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PAR1 contributed to the deleterious inflammatory response after influenza virus infection in mice. Activating PAR1 by administering the agonist TFLLR-NH2 decreased survival and increased lung inflammation after influenza infection. Importantly, both administration of a PAR1 antagonist and PAR1 deficiency protected mice from infection with influenza A viruses (IAVs). Treatment with the PAR1 agonist did not alter survival of mice deficient in plasminogen (PLG), which suggests that PLG permits and/or interacts with a PAR1 function in this model. PAR1 antagonists are in human trials for other indications. Our findings suggest that PAR1 antagonism might be explored as a treatment for influenza, including that caused by highly pathogenic H5N1 and oseltamivir-resistant H1N1 viruses.
NIMG-48. TLR7/8-AGONIST-LOADED NANOPARTICLES REPROGRAM TUMOR-ASSOCIATED MYELOID CELLS FOR EFFECTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY OF EXPERIMENTAL GLIOMA AND MRI-BASED TREATMENT MONITORING (2021)

Abstract Drivers of glioblastoma progression include the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), dominated by tumor-associated myeloid cells. Therefore, we investigated a new approach targeting the myeloid compartment to reprogram myeloid cells in the TME using a β-cyclodextrin nanoparticle (CDNP) formulation encapsulating the toll-like receptor 7 and 8 (TLR7/8) agonist R848. Biodistribution confirmed specific targeting of CDNP-R848 to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) (labeling efficiency: 34.0% ± 22.2%), whereas tumor microglia (5.4% ± 4.4%) and splenic macrophages (13.2% ± 0.7%) revealed less uptake. Interestingly, intravenous application of CDNP-R848 induced strong tumor regression with an overall response rate of 80% (2.5% complete response, 52.5% partial response and 25% stable disease, n=40 mice) in Gl261 syngeneic experimental gliomas, while CDNP vehicle treated animals showed exponential tumor growth (100% progressive disease, n=12 mice). As advanced imaging is essential to monitor intracranial disease and possibly predict response and resistance, we performed high resolution magnetic resonance imaging using ultrasmall iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIO) for macrophage tracking. Increased levels of USPIO uptake in vehicle treated animals compared to CDNP-R848 treated animals were found as an early marker of responding mice (ΔT2*: -11.7 ± 4.2 vs -4.0 ± 2.8 ms, p=0.01). This correlated with an increased influx of myeloid cells into the TME of vehicle treated animals and showed a strong correlation of macrophage recruitment and USPIO uptake (R2: 0.78, p=0.004). Mechanistically, phenotyping of macrophages (CD45high/CD11b+) indicated a pro-inflammatory shift of TAMs with an increased infiltration of pro-inflammatory F4/80+/MHCII+ macrophages during CDNP-R848 treatment. Surprisingly, the anti-tumor effect of CDNP-R848 was independent of CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells or NK cells during selective depletion experiments. In summary, this work demonstrates the ability of myeloid-targeted therapies to re-shape the tumor microenvironment for an effective immunotherapy of glioma.
Tumor Hypoxia: Impact on Radiation Therapy and Molecular Pathways (2020)

Tumor hypoxia is a common feature of the microenvironment in solid tumors, primarily due to an inadequate, and heterogeneous vascular network. It is associated with resistance to radiotherapy and results in a poorer clinical outcome. The presence of hypoxia in tumors can be identified by various invasive and non-invasive techniques, and there are a number of approaches by which hypoxia can be modified to improve outcome. However, despite these factors and the ongoing extensive pre-clinical studies, the clinical focus on hypoxia is still to a large extent lacking. Hypoxia is a major cellular stress factor and affects a wide range of molecular pathways, and further understanding of the molecular processes involved may lead to greater clinical applicability of hypoxic modifiers. This review is a discussion of the characteristics of tumor hypoxia, hypoxia-related molecular pathways, and the role of hypoxia in treatment resistance. Understanding the molecular aspects of hypoxia will improve our ability to clinically monitor hypoxia and to predict and modify the therapeutic response.