gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining high-rate aerobic wastewater treatment with anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge at a pulp and paper mill (2018)

The activated sludge process within the pulp and paper industry is generally run to minimize the production of waste activated sludge (WAS), leading to high electricity costs from aeration and relatively large basin volumes. In this study, a pilot-scale activated sludge process was run to evaluate the concept of treating the wastewater at high rate with a low sludge age. Two 150 L containers were used, one for aeration and one for sedimentation and sludge return. The hydraulic retention time was decreased from 24 hours to 7 hours, and the sludge age was lowered from 12 days to 2-4 days. The methane potential of the WAS was evaluated using batch tests, as well as continuous anaerobic digestion (AD) in 4 L reactors in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Wastewater treatment capacity was increased almost four-fold at maintained degradation efficiency. The lower sludge age greatly improved the methane potential of the WAS in batch tests, reaching 170 NmL CH<sub>4</sub>/g VS at a sludge age of 2 days. In addition, the continuous AD showed a higher methane production at thermophilic conditions. Thus, the combination of high-rate wastewater treatment and AD of WAS is a promising option for the pulp and paper industry.
Blood Pressure and Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing in Children (2007)

Retinal arteriolar narrowing is a known response of hypertension and independently predicts cardiovascular mortality in adults. Whether elevated blood pressure leads to retinal arteriolar narrowing in young children is unknown. We examined the relationship of retinal vascular caliber and blood pressure levels in 2 population-based cohorts among children aged 6 to 8 years in Sydney, Australia (1572 children) and Singapore (380 children). Participants had digital retinal photographs and measurement of retinal arteriolar (or small artery) and venular (or small vein) caliber. Children with higher quartiles of blood pressure had significantly narrower retinal arterioles than those with lower blood pressure (retinal arteriolar caliber 162.8, 161.0, 157.8, and 157.1 microm (P for trend<0.001), comparing increasing quartiles of systolic blood pressure in Sydney, and 164.9.5, 164.0, 159.1, and 159.4 microm (P for trend=0.0024 in Singapore). After controlling for age, sex, race, body mass index, refraction, and birth parameters, each 10-mm Hg increase in systolic blood pressure was associated with narrowing of the retinal arterioles by 2.08 microm (95% confidence interval: 1.38 to 2.79; P<0.0001) in Sydney children and 1.43 microm (95% confidence interval: 0.27 to 2.59; P=0.016) in Singapore children. These associations were consistent across age, sex, body mass index, and birth parameters. Retinal venules were not affected by blood pressure. We conclude that higher childhood blood pressure is associated with retinal arteriolar narrowing. Our data provide evidence that the effects of elevated blood pressure may manifest early in life.
A Short Synthesis of (−)-Dendrobine (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Short Synthesis of (−)-DendrobineJérôme Cassayre and Samir Z. ZardView Author Information Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France Laboratoire de Synthèse Organique associé au CNRS Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 25, 6072–6073Publication Date (Web):June 15, 1999Publication History Received4 March 1999Published online15 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja990707phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja990707prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2027Altmetric-Citations64LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Cyclization,Ketones,Lactones,Nitrogen compounds Get e-Alerts
Observation of Foaming Behavior for Rolled Sheet Precursors Made of Various Aluminum Powders (2011)

One of the practical applications of porous aluminum is the core material for panel/foam sandwich structures. To manufacture the foam/ panel sandwich structure by a powder processing route, a sheet type precursor is essential. Therefore, a foaming behavior of aluminum sheet precursor (pure Al, 6061Al and Al-7Si) was examined. The foaming behavior was examined by the projected area of a precursor recorded by two video cameras from horizontal (lateral-side observation) and vertical (top-surface observation) directions. Average diameters and vertical/ horizontal Feret diameter ratios were used to evaluate pore morphology. Free foaming behavior of the sheet type precursors was extremely unidirectional along the compression direction of the rolled precursor. With regard to pure aluminum and 6061Al precursors, the pore morphology at the early stage of foaming was extremely anisotropic (flat shape), while the pore morphology became spherical when the specimen reached to the maximum expansion. As for the Al-7Si precursors, such flat anisotropic pores were not observed even at the early stage of foaming.
On the optical properties of plasmonic glasses (2014)

We report on the optical properties of plasmonic glasses which are metal-dielectric composites composed of metallic inclusions in a host dielectric medium. The investigated structures are of quasi-random nature, described by the pair correlation function, featuring a minimum center-to-center distance between metallic inclusions and long range randomness. Plasmonic glasses exhibiting short-range order only may be fabricated using bottom-up, self-assembly methods and have been utilized in a number of applications such as plasmonic sensing or plasmon-enhanced solar harvesting, and may be also employed for certain non-linear applications. It is therefore important to quantify their properties. Using theoretical methods we investigate optical of 1D, 2D, and 3D structures composed of amorphous distributions of metallic spheres. It is shown, that the response of the constituent element, i.e. the single sphere localized surface plasmon resonance, is modified by the scattered fields of the other spheres in such a way that its peak position, peak amplitude, and full-width at half-maximum exhibit damped oscillations. The oscillation amplitude is set by the particle density and for the peak position may vary by up to 0.3 eV in the optical regime. Using a modified coupled dipole approach we calculate the effective (average) polarizability of plasmonic glasses and discuss their spectra as a function of the dimensionality, angle of incidence and polarization, and the minimum center-to-center distance. The analytical model is complemented and validated by T-Matrix calculations of the optical cross-sections of amorphous arrays of metallic spheres obtained using a modification of the Random Sequential Adsorption algorithm for lines, surfaces, and volumes.
RODM: A control information base (1992)

Operational management of computers and computer networks was formerly performed exclusively by an operator or a team of operators equipped only with consoles for the display of status messages. Each system component independently determined its own set of such messages, identifying conditions needing attention. To meet future challenges, however, a structured approach to systems and network management and associated automation will be necessary. The amount and complexity of the status information needed for control and coordination will make it unlikely that operators will be able to keep up with such needs unaided. This control information must be made available to a family of systems and network management applications (including operator display programs). The NetView® Resource Object Data Manager (RODM) is designed to facilitate the storage and retrieval of control information. It provides services for defining a structured data model of a computer system. The control information is not kept simply in the form of messages, but instead the data are organized into units called objects. This allows the model to effectively capture interrelationships and dependencies as well as status information.
Is Routine Retinal Examination Useful in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke? (2008)

Patients with acute ischemic stroke have a high prevalence of retinal abnormalities. This study suggests that a routine retinal examination may provide an opportunity to detect potentially vision-threatening retinal diseases.
The Acute and Chronic Effects of Sulfonylurea Therapy in Type II Diabetic Subjects (1984)

Although sulfonylurea agents have been used in the clinical management of type II diabetes (non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) for over two decades, the mechanisms responsible for their hypoglycemic action remain controversial. We have quantitated glycemic control, endogenous insulin secretion in response to mixed meals, adipocyte insulin binding, insulin-mediated peripheral glucose disposal, and basal hepatic glucose output in 17 type II diabetic subjects before and after 3 mo of therapy with the second-generation, sulfonylurea compound glyburide in an attempt to identify the factors responsible for the clinical response to the drug. In addition, 9 subjects were treated for an additional 15 mo to see if the response to the drug changed with time. The mean fasting serum glucose level fell from an initial value of 264 +/- 17 mg/dl to 178 +/- 16 mg/dl after 3 mo of drug therapy. Endogenous insulin secretion increased in all subjects, but the increase was most marked in those subjects who continued to exhibit fasting hyperglycemia (fasting serum glucose greater than 175 mg/dl) after 3 mo of therapy. Adipocyte insulin binding was unchanged after 3 mo of therapy, while the maximal rate of peripheral glucose disposal was increased by 23%, indicating enhancement of peripheral insulin action at a postreceptor site(s). Basal hepatic glucose output showed a significant correlation with the fasting serum glucose level both before and after therapy (r = 0.86, P less than 0.001) and fell from 141 +/- 12 mg/m2/min before therapy to 107 +/- 11 mg/m2/min after 3 mo of therapy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
From Riluzole to Dexpramipexole via Substituted-Benzothiazole Derivatives for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Disease Treatment: Case Studies (2020)

The 1,3-benzothiazole (BTZ) ring may offer a valid option for scaffold-hopping from indole derivatives. Several BTZs have clinically relevant roles, mainly as CNS medicines and diagnostic agents, with riluzole being one of the most famous examples. Riluzole is currently the only approved drug to treat amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) but its efficacy is marginal. Several clinical studies have demonstrated only limited improvements in survival, without benefits to motor function in patients with ALS. Despite significant clinical trial efforts to understand the genetic, epigenetic, and molecular pathways linked to ALS pathophysiology, therapeutic translation has remained disappointingly slow, probably due to the complexity and the heterogeneity of this disease. Many other drugs to tackle ALS have been tested for 20 years without any success. Dexpramipexole is a BTZ structural analog of riluzole and was a great hope for the treatment of ALS. In this review, as an interesting case study in the development of a new medicine to treat ALS, we present the strategy of the development of dexpramipexole, which was one of the most promising drugs against ALS.
Cell‐Tethered Ligands Modulate Bone Remodeling by Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts (2013)

The goals of the present study are to establish an in vitro co-culture model of osteoblast and osteoclast function and to quantify the resulting bone remodeling. The bone is tissue engineered using well-defined silk protein biomaterials in 2D and 3D formats in combination with human cells expressing tethered agonists for selected G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). The tethered constructs are introduced with the objective of triggering sustained and localized GPCR signaling. The cell-modified biomaterial surfaces are reconstructed from SEM images into 3D models using image processing for quantitative measurement of surface characteristics. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GIP) are selected because of their roles in bone remodeling for expression in tethered format on bone marrow derived human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Increased calcium deposition and increased surface roughness are found in 3D digital surface models constructed from SEM images of silk protein films remodeled by the co-cultures containing the tethered PTH, and decreased surface roughness is found for the films remodeled by the tethered GIP co-cultures. Increased surface roughness is not found in monocultures of hMSCs expressing tethered PTH, suggesting that osteoclast-osteoblast interactions in the presence of PTH signaling are responsible for the increased mineralization. These data point towards the design of in vitro bone models in which osteoblast-osteoclast interactions are mimicked for a better understanding of bone remodeling.
Drehen mit Niobcarbid-basierten Werkzeugen*/Turning with niobium carbide based tools – Wear investigations of niobium carbide in comparison to tungsten carbide on iron-based materials (2018)

Niobcarbid (NbC) stellt aufgrund vorteilhafter Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel eine geringe Diffusionsneigung, in der Zerspanung eine vielversprechende Alternative zu konventionellen Schneidstoffen wie Wolframcarbid (WC) dar. Als Substitution der Hartstoff-Phase WC im Hartmetall wird NbC in der trockenen Drehbearbeitung von eisenbasierten Werkstoffen untersucht. Diesbezüglich wurden zwei NbC-Substrate mit WC hinsichtlich ihres Werkzeugverschleißes quantitativ verglichen. Im Gegensatz zu WC-Werkzeugen wird das Potential von NbC bei zunehmender Schnittgeschwindigkeit vc durch eine steigende Prozessstabilität deutlich. &amp;nbsp; Due to its advantageous properties, such as a low diffusion tendency, niobium carbide (NbC) represents a promising alternative to conventional cutting materials such as tungsten carbide (WC) in machining operations. As a substitution of WC in carbide substrates, NbC is tested in dry turning of iron-based materials. In this regard, two different NbC substrates are compared to WC. In contrast to WC tools NbC shows its potential of an increased process stability at higher cutting speeds vc.
In situ amination of anion conducting solid polymer electrolyte membranes (2023)

In situ amination casting process for AEM fabrication.
Determination of the electron beam velocity in a gyrotron by means of Thomson scattering (1991)

In experimental investigations of gyrotrons an important discrepancy between the theoretically predicted efficiency and measured values has been observed. [1] Since the energy conversion efficiency depends critically on the electron velocity, it is important to be able to measure this latter one. A non-intrusive measurement is only possible with optical methods.
Index Volumes 2 A and 2 B (1998)

CI positions, dichroic dyes 266 Abbe refractometer 129, 348 absorbance antiferroelectrics 667 -guest-host effect 269 absorption band, chromonics 998 absorption properties, columnar discotics 795 absorption spectra charge transfer systems 946 -guest-host effect 259 f, 270 acetylene derivatives, synthesis 697 acetylenes, hydrocarbon cores 71 9 acetylide ligands, metallomesogens 905 f achiral host materials, ferroelectric mixtures 435 achiral materials, nematics 342 acid derivatives, chiral nematics 3 19 acid esters, swallow-tailed mesogens 851 aciapyridine complexation, hydrogen bonding 970 acids dielectric behavior 105 -heterocyclic cores 722 f acoustic waves propagation, columnar phases activated states, TN displays 202 active matrix addressing 770 -AFLCD 679 -STN 219 -LCD 199 active matrix devices, STN 224 active matrix displays 230-242 acylation hexacycles 742 ~ hydrocarbon cores 714 -nematics 50 acylphenoxyethyl esters, substituted mesogens 848 additional symmetries, ferroelectrics 554 additives chromonics 1000
Passive technologies for future large-scale photonic integrated circuits on silicon: polarization handling, light non-reciprocity and loss reduction (2012)

Silicon-based large-scale photonic integrated circuits are becoming important, due to the need for higher complexity and lower cost for optical transmitters, receivers and optical buffers. In this paper, passive technologies for large-scale photonic integrated circuits are described, including polarization handling, light non-reciprocity and loss reduction. The design rule for polarization beam splitters based on asymmetrical directional couplers is summarized and several novel designs for ultra-short polarization beam splitters are reviewed. A novel concept for realizing a polarization splitter–rotator is presented with a very simple fabrication process. Realization of silicon-based light non-reciprocity devices (e.g., optical isolator), which is very important for transmitters to avoid sensitivity to reflections, is also demonstrated with the help of magneto-optical material by the bonding technology. Low-loss waveguides are another important technology for large-scale photonic integrated circuits. Ultra-low loss optical waveguides are achieved by designing a Si3N4 core with a very high aspect ratio. The loss is reduced further to <0.1 dB m−1 with an improved fabrication process incorporating a high-quality thermal oxide upper cladding by means of wafer bonding. With the developed ultra-low loss Si3N4 optical waveguides, some devices are also demonstrated, including ultra-high-Q ring resonators, low-loss arrayed-waveguide grating (de)multiplexers, and high-extinction-ratio polarizers. Newly developed photonic components could allow large-scale photonic integrated circuits to be built on silicon substrates. Daoxin Dai from Zhejiang University, China, alongside co-workers from the University of California, USA, have proposed several new optical technologies for use in photonic integrated circuits, which substitute or work alongside electrical circuits in optical devices. The researchers have designed new ultrashort polarization-handling devices that split high-intensity beams of light, and a ring optical isolator that reduces reflections. The team have also created a new waveguide based on silicon nitride that can guide optical waves with a minimal loss of energy. These new technologies will allow scientists to construct higher performance, more compact optical devices.
Engineering Property Prediction Tools for Tailored Polymer Composite Structures (49465) (2009)

Process and constitutive models as well as characterization tools and testing methods were developed to determine stress-strain responses, damage development, strengths and creep of long-fiber thermoplastics (LFTs). The developed models were implemented in Moldflow and ABAQUS and have been validated against LFT data obtained experimentally.
Polymorphisms at newly identified lipid-associated loci are associated with blood lipids and cardiovascular disease in an Asian Malay population (2008)

We conducted a cross-sectional study of Malay participants aged 40-80 years (n = 2,932) to examine the associations between polymorphisms at newly identified, lipid-associated loci with blood lipid levels and prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) in a Malay population in Asia. A polymorphism adjacent to the TRIB1 locus (rs17321515) was associated with elevated total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) after adjustment for age and sex (both P values <0.007) and with increased risk of coronary heart disease and CVD [odds ratio (OR) 1.23, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.03-1.46; and OR 1.2, 95% CI 1.02-1.42, respectively] under an additive model of inheritance. In addition, using recessive models of inheritance, polymorphisms on chromosome 19 adjacent to the CILP2 and PBX4 loci (rs16996148) and on chromosome 1 at the GALNT2 locus (rs4846914) were associated with elevated HDL-C (P = 0.005) and lower LDL-C (P = 0.048), respectively. Although novel, the former is consistent with the association between this polymorphism and lower blood triglycerides observed in the initial studies conducted in populations of European ancestry. Neither showed statistically significant association with CVD. These observations should form the basis of further investigation to identify the causative polymorphisms at this locus, and also to understand the mechanistic roles that this protein may play in lipoprotein metabolism in Asians and other populations.
One-pot highly enantio- and diastereoselective synthesis of anti,anti vinylic 3-amino-1,2 diols via proline catalyzed sequential α-amination/ benzoyloxyallylation of aldehydes (2015)

The first direct asymmetric synthesis of<italic>anti,anti</italic>vinylic 3-amino-1,2-diols from aldehydes is described<italic>via</italic>a one-pot sequential<sc>l</sc>-proline catalyzed α-amination/benzoyloxyallylation protocol.
Biomechanical Response of Human Liver and Spleen Parenchyma in Uniaxial Unconfined Compression (2012)

Motor vehicle collisions (MVCs) commonly result in serious blunt abdominal injuries [1]. Although abdominal injuries account for only 3–5% of all injuries observed in MVCs, they comprise 8% of AIS 3+ injuries, 16.5% of AIS 4+ injuries and 20.5% of AIS 5+ injuries [24]. Currently, no crash test dummies used to assess injury risk in MVCs are equipped to represent individual solid abdominal organs located asymmetrically in the human abdomen. Consequently, researchers and safety engineers rely on finite element models (FEMs) to assess the risk of automotive related abdominal injuries. However, the response of these models must be locally and globally validated based on appropriate biomechanical data in order to accurately assess injury risk. There have only been a few studies which have investigated the compressive material properties of liver or spleen by performing compression tests on isolated samples [5–8]. Although these studies have provided considerable insight into the factors that affect the material response of the liver and spleen parenchyma, these studies have been limited to testing of animal tissue, sub-failure loading, or a single loading rate. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantify the compressive material properties of human liver and spleen parenchyma at various loading rates in order to characterize the viscoelastic and failure response.