gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of the polarisation of single top quarks and antiquarks produced in the t-channel at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV and bounds on the tWb dipole operator from the ATLAS experiment (2022)

A bstract A simultaneous measurement of the three components of the top-quark and top-antiquark polarisation vectors in t -channel single-top-quark production is presented. This analysis is based on data from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 , collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Selected events contain exactly one isolated electron or muon, large missing transverse momentum and exactly two jets, one being b -tagged. Stringent selection requirements are applied to discriminate t -channel single-top-quark events from the background contributions. The top-quark and top-antiquark polarisation vectors are measured from the distributions of the direction cosines of the charged-lepton momentum in the top-quark rest frame. The three components of the polarisation vector for the selected top-quark event sample are $$ {P}_{x^{\prime }} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> = 0 . 01 ± 0 . 18, $$ {P}_{y^{\prime }} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> = − 0 . 029 ± 0 . 027, $$ {P}_{z^{\prime }} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> = 0 . 91 ± 0 . 10 and for the top-antiquark event sample they are $$ {P}_{x^{\prime }} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>x</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> = − 0 . 02 ± 0 . 20, $$ {P}_{y^{\prime }} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>y</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> = − 0 . 007 ± 0 . 051, $$ {P}_{z^{\prime }} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>P</mml:mi> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>z</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:msub> </mml:math> = 0 . 79 ± 0 . 16. Normalised differential cross-sections corrected to a fiducial region at the stable-particle level are presented as a function of the charged-lepton angles for top-quark and top-antiquark events inclusively and separately. These measurements are in agreement with Standard Model predictions. The angular differential cross-sections are used to derive bounds on the complex Wilson coefficient of the dimension-six $$ \mathcal{O} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>O</mml:mi> </mml:math> tW operator in the framework of an effective field theory. The obtained bounds are C tW ∈ [ − 0 . 9 , 1 . 4] and C itW ∈ [ − 0 . 8 , 0 . 2], both at 95% confidence level.
Sudden cardiac arrest and ventricular arrhythmias following first type I myocardial infarction in the contemporary era (2019)

SCA-VA occurred in a small proportion of patients after MI and is associated with intercurrent HF and recurrent ischemic events.
Pliable Index Coding: The multiple requests case (2013)

The Pliable Index Coding problem is a recently proposed new formulation of the Index Coding problem where each client wants any one message that it does not have and the server tries to “satisfy” all the clients using the side information sets of each of the clients by broadcasting coded messages. We present two generalizations of the problem. Firstly, we consider the problem of each client requiring any t messages (t ≥ 1) that it does not have. If the cardinality of their side information sets is the same and there are n messages, then we show that O(min(t log n, t + log <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> n)) coded broadcast messages are sufficient. For t ≥ log n, this shows a linear dependence on t independent of n. We also develop simple approximation algorithms for the problem and evaluate their performance through simulations. Secondly, we consider the problem of the server having incomplete side information. If the server only knows the size s of the side information sets (assumed to be all equal), we show that there exists a linear code using min(s + 1, n - s) coded messages. We also show that this is tight for linear codes by proving a matching lower bound.
Activated Protein C Rescues the Retina from Ischemia-Induced Cell Death (2010)

APC can reduce ischemia-induced cytotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo via blocking the activation of caspase-3, -8, and -9. APC may be a promising candidate for protecting the retina from ischemia.
Clinical implications of the extent of invasion of T3 esophageal cancer by endoscopic ultrasound (2005)

The extent of invasion of T3 esophageal cancer beyond MP, as determined by EUS, is not a significant predictor of tumor recurrence or mortality.
Developing a New Generation of Antimicrobial and Bioactive Dental Resins (2017)

Dental caries is prevalent, and secondary caries causes restoration failures. This article reviews recent studies on developing a new generation of bioactive resins with anticaries properties. Extensive effects were made to develop new antimicrobial composites, bonding agents, and other resins containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates to suppress plaque buildup and bacterial acid production. The effects of alkyl chain length and charge density and the antimicrobial mechanisms for chlorhexidine, nano-silver, quaternary ammonium methacrylates, and protein-repellent agents were discussed. Synergistic effects of contact-killing and protein-repellent properties were shown to yield the greatest biofilm-inhibition effects. The combination of antimicrobial, protein-repellent, and calcium phosphate nanoparticle remineralization was suggested to provide maximal anticaries effects. In addition, for use orally, cytotoxicity and biocompatibility were important considerations for the new bioactive materials. Furthermore, rather than kill all bacteria, it would be more desirable to modulate the oral biofilm compositions via bioactive resins to suppress cariogenic/pathogenic species and promote benign species. For widespread clinical use of the new antimicrobial and therapeutic materials, whether they would induce bacterial drug resistance needs to be determined, which requires further study. Nonetheless, the new generation of bioactive anticaries resins with therapeutic and biofilm acid-inhibiting properties has the potential to substantially benefit oral health.
Continuous supercritical synthesis and dielectric behaviour of the whole BST solid solution (2006)

In this study we show that pure and well crystallized nanoparticles of Ba(x)Sr(1-x)TiO(3) (BST) can be synthesized over the entire range of composition through the hydrolysis and further crystallization of alkoxide precursors under supercritical conditions. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the whole ferroelectric solid solution has been produced in a continuous way, using the same experimental conditions. The composition of the powder can be easily controlled by adjusting the feed solution composition. The powders consist of soft-aggregated monocrystalline nanoparticles with an average particle size ranging from approximately 20 to 40 nm. Ferroelectric ceramics with accurately adjustable Curie temperature (100-390 K) can thus be obtained by sintering.
Serum periostin levels are correlated with progressive skin sclerosis in patients with systemic sclerosis (2012)

An elevated periostin level in patients with SSc is associated with severity of skin sclerosis. Periostin may be a potential biomarker for progressive skin fibrosis in SSc.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Vinylpiperidine. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Origami-Like 3-D Folded MEMS Approach for Miniature Inertial Measurement Unit (2017)

This paper presents a miniature 50 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> inertial measurement unit (IMU) implemented using a folded microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) process. The approach is based on wafer-level fabrication of high aspect-ratio single-axis sensors interconnected by flexible hinges and folded into a 3-D configuration, like a silicon Origami [1]. Two different materials for flexible hinges have been explored, including photo-definable polyimide and parylene-C. We report, for the first time, an IMU prototype with seven operational sensors: three accelerometers, three gyroscopes, and a prototype of a reference clock. This paper concludes with the results of experimental characterization of inertial sensors demonstrating the feasibility of the proposed approach for a compact IMU.
Axisymmetrical resonance modes in an electrowetting optical lens (2023)

Electrowetting-based adaptive optics are of great interest for applications ranging from confocal microscopy to LIDAR, but the impact of low-frequency mechanical vibration on these devices remains to be studied. We present a simple theoretical model for predicting the resonance modes induced on the liquid interface in conjunction with a numerical simulation. We experimentally confirm the resonance frequencies by contact angle modulation. They are found to be in excellent agreement with the roots of the zero-order Bessel functions of the first kind. Next, we experimentally verify that external axial vibration of an electrowetting lens filled with density mismatched liquids (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>Δ</mml:mo><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> = 250 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) will exhibit observable Bessel modes on the liquid-liquid interface. An electrowetting lens filled with density matched liquids (<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mo>Δ</mml:mo><mml:mi>ρ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math> = 4 kg/m<sup>3</sup>) is robust to external axial vibration and is shown to be useful in mitigating the effect of vibrations in an optical system.
A Neural Model for Temporal Order Judgments and Their Active Recalibration: A Common Mechanism for Space and Time? (2012)

When observers experience a constant delay between their motor actions and sensory feedback, their perception of the temporal order between actions and sensations adapt (Stetson et al., 2006). We present here a novel neural model that can explain temporal order judgments (TOJs) and their recalibration. Our model employs three ubiquitous features of neural systems: (1) information pooling, (2) opponent processing, and (3) synaptic scaling. Specifically, the model proposes that different populations of neurons encode different delays between motor-sensory events, the outputs of these populations feed into rivaling neural populations (encoding "before" and "after"), and the activity difference between these populations determines the perceptual judgment. As a consequence of synaptic scaling of input weights, motor acts which are consistently followed by delayed sensory feedback will cause the network to recalibrate its point of subjective simultaneity. The structure of our model raises the possibility that recalibration of TOJs is a temporal analog to the motion aftereffect (MAE). In other words, identical neural mechanisms may be used to make perceptual determinations about both space and time. Our model captures behavioral recalibration results for different numbers of adapting trials and different adapting delays. In line with predictions of the model, we additionally demonstrate that temporal recalibration can last through time, in analogy to storage of the MAE.
Development of micromachined nanocrystalline mesoporous SnO/sub 2/ gas sensor for electronic nose (2004)

MEMS based sol gel synthesized mesoporous nanocrystalline SnO/sub 2/ gas sensor has been developed. The SnO/sub 2/ nano film is fabricated with the combination of polymeric sol gel chemistry with block copolymers used as structure directing agents. The novel hydrogen sensor has a fast response time (1s) and quick recovery time (3s), as well as good sensitivity (up to 90), comparing to other hydrogen sensors developed. The working temperature of the new sensor can be reduced as low as 100/spl deg/C. The low working temperature poses advantages such as lower power consumption; lower thermal induced signal shift as well as safe detection in certain environments where temperature is strictly limited. The developed sensor cell will be used to develop a high sensitivity and high selectivity electronic nose for harmful gas detection by combining different catalysts doped SnO/sub 2/ gas sensor array with fuzzy neural network.
Searching: Fast and slow (2014)

Tremendous engineering effort aimed at making search fast and for good reason. But, many compromises made to achieve speed. Not all searches need to be fast. How can we use additional time to improve search quality?
PREFACE (2014)

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A recursive technique for computing lower-bound performance of schedules (2002)

Presents a fast recursive technique for estimating a lower-bound performance of data path schedules. The method relies on the determination of an ASAPUC (as soon as possible under constraint) time-step value for the root of the DFG (data flow graph) that is based on the ASAPUC values of its predecessor nodes, etc., until the leaf nodes are reached where this value becomes the regular ASAP value. The method computes a tighter lower-bound than the greedy technique and is only two times slower on the same benchmarks. Synthesis methods that depend on the exploration of the solution space directed by a lower-bound estimation, such a local microcode generation and behavioral synthesis, can benefit from our method. This is because bad solutions can be pruned earlier. We illustrate this dramatic effect on the reduction of the search space during the synthesis of an optimal microcode sequence for the elliptic wave filter benchmark and a fixed data path (containing a multiport RAM and a ROM).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The FOXJ1 target Cfap206 is required for sperm motility, mucociliary clearance of the airways and brain development (2020)

Cilia are complex cellular protrusions consisting of hundreds of proteins. Defects in ciliary structure and function, many of which have not been characterised molecularly, cause ciliopathies: a heterogeneous group of human syndromes. Here, we report on the FOXJ1 target gene <i>Cfap206</i>, orthologues of which so far have only been studied in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> and <i>Tetrahymena</i> In mouse and <i>Xenopus</i>, <i>Cfap206</i> was co-expressed with and dependent on <i>Foxj1</i> CFAP206 protein localised to the basal body and to the axoneme of motile cilia. In <i>Xenopus</i> crispant larvae, the ciliary beat frequency of skin multiciliated cells was enhanced and bead transport across the epidermal mucociliary epithelium was reduced. Likewise, <i>Cfap206</i> knockout mice revealed ciliary phenotypes. Electron tomography of immotile knockout mouse sperm flagella indicated a role in radial spoke formation reminiscent of FAP206 function in <i>Tetrahymena</i> Male infertility, hydrocephalus and impaired mucociliary clearance of the airways in the absence of laterality defects in <i>Cfap206</i> mutant mice suggests that <i>Cfap206</i> may represent a candidate for the subgroup of human primary ciliary dyskinesias caused by radial spoke defects.
A 2-6 GHz CMOS factorial delay locked loop dedicated to multi-standard frequency synthesis (2004)

A 2-6 GHz multi-standard CMOS frequency synthesizer using a programmable factorial delay locked loop (DLL) is presented. The performances of the architecture have been successfully demonstrated according to behavioral model. This architecture has a 100 MHz, square wave clock reference and provides two outputs both in phase and in quadrature by multiplying the reference by a programmable factor. For an output frequency range from 2 up to 6 GHz, simulations confirm the acquisition process of the overall structure, the good frequency stability and the DLL mode functionality.
Dynamics and Control of the Reaction Mass Pendulum (RMP) as a 3D Multibody System: Application to Humanoid Modeling (2011)

Humans and humanoid robots are often modeled with different types of inverted pendulum models in order to simplify the dynamic analysis of gait, balance and fall. We have earlier introduced the Reaction Mass Pendulum (RMP), an extension of the traditional inverted pendulum models, which explicitly captures the variable rotational inertia and angular momentum of the human or humanoid. In this paper we present a thorough analysis of the RMP, which is treated as a 3D multibody system in its own right. We derive the complete kinematics and dynamics equations of the RMP system and obtain its equilibrium conditions. Next we present a nonlinear control scheme that stabilizes this underactuated system about an unstable set with a vertically upright configuration for the “leg” of the RMP. Finally we demonstrate the effectiveness of this controller in simulation.
Anti-Caries Effects of Dental Adhesives Containing Quaternary Ammonium Methacrylates with Different Chain Lengths (2017)

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of dental adhesives containing quaternary ammonium methacrylates (QAMs) with different alkyl chain lengths (CL) on ecological caries prevention in vitro. Five QAMs were synthesized with a CL = 3, 6, 9, 12, and 16 and incorporated into adhesives. Micro-tensile bond strength and surface charge density were used to measure the physical properties of the adhesives. The proportion change in three-species biofilms consisting of <i>Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis</i>, and <i>Streptococcus gordonii</i> was tested using the TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction. Lactic acid assay, MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, exopolysaccharide staining, live/dead staining, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transverse microradiography (TMR) were performed to study the anti-biofilm and anti-demineralization effects of the dental adhesives. The results showed that incorporating QAMs with different alkyl chain lengths into the adhesives had no obvious effect on the dentin bond strength. The adhesives containing QAMs with a longer alkyl chain developed healthier biofilms. The surface charge density, anti-biofilm, and anti-demineralization effects of the adhesives increased with a CL of the QAMs from 3 to 12, but decreased slightly with a CL from 12 to 16. In conclusion, adhesives containing QAMs with a tailored chain length are promising for preventing secondary caries in an "ecological way".
Risk factors associated with the detection of pulmonary emphysema in older asymptomatic respiratory subjects (2020)

Abstract Background: Several lung structural and functional abnormalities may occur associated withaging, including emphysema. In this study, we evaluated the frequency and risk factors associated with emphysema in respiratory asymptomatic individuals enrolled in our Lung Aging Program. From a cohort of 687 subjects, we found by high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) 29 individuals (4%) withemphysematous changes that were compared with 87 controls (3:1) randomly selected from the same cohort. Methods: This was atransversal, observational, case-control study where we examined demographics and functional characteristics, as well as telomere length and serum Klotho concentration, two conditions that have been associated with aging and some aging-associated diseases including emphysema. Results: Individuals with subclinical pulmonary emphysema were older (72 ± 9 versus 67 ± 6 years), and primarily smoker males with low body mass index. Despite that they were asymptomatic, two of them exhibited a decrease of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV 1 ),with a lower FEV 1 /FVC suggesting airway obstruction. Cigarette smoking (OR=5.43, CI95% 1.8-16.7), family history of lung disease (OR=4.32, CI95% 1.0-19.0) and lower body mass index (OR 7.22, CI95% 1.2-3.5)were risk factors for the development of lung emphysematous changes. No association was found with telomere length and Klotho serum concentration. Conclusion: Our findings reveal that a small but important percentage of olderpeople without respiratory symptoms, present pulmonary emphysema and indicate that smoking exposure and genetic background may contribute as etiological factors.
Going for the Loop (2007)

In up to 10% to 20% of colonoscopies, complete intubation of the colon may be considerably difficult. A principal cause of difficulty is looping of the endoscope shaft in a floppy, often tortuous segment of the colon that typically happens in the sigmoid colon. Also, if looping is not recognized and the scope is advanced with abandon, the risk of perforation will rise. Special "variable stiffness" colonoscopies are expensive and have not been unequivocally shown to be useful in preventing looping. The simplest approach to prevent looping is perhaps the use of an over-tube to prevent the shaft from bowing out. The ShapeLock could offer an ideal over-tube that is flexible enough to safely and easily negotiate bends in the colon but when needed be rigid enough to prevent looping with just a snap of its handle. It also has potential other applications including enteroscopy, transgastric endoscopy and access to difficult regions of the upper gastrointestinal tract.
Nanoscale nuclear magnetic resonance with a 1.9-nm-deep nitrogen-vacancy sensor (2014)

We present nanoscale NMR measurements performed with nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers located down to about 2 nm from the diamond surface. NV centers were created by shallow ion implantation followed by a slow, nanometer-by-nanometer removal of diamond material using oxidative etching in air. The close proximity of NV centers to the surface yielded large 1H NMR signals of up to 3.4 uT-rms, corresponding to ~330 statistically polarized or ~10 fully polarized proton spins in a ~(1.8 nm)^3 detection volume.