gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract 1787: Vertebral Artery Stent Placement for Symptomatic Patients: One-Year Follow-up (2007)

Background : Symptomatic vertebral artery stenosis (VAS) has a five-year stroke risk of 30%–35%. Mortality associated with posterior circulation (PC) strokes is high, ranging from 20%–30%. Surgical revascularization is rarely performed due to high morbidity and mortality. Endovascular revascularization with stents offers a potential treatment option for these patients. Methods : One hundred nine patients (116 arteries, 70% male) underwent stent placement for extracranial (91%) and intracranial (9%) VAS from 1995–2006. Symptoms included vertigo (63%), visual changes (31%), syncope (11%), ataxia (7%), and drop attack (5%). Four patients had asymptomatic critical stenosis. Sixty-one patients (56%) had bilateral VAS, 74 patients (69%) had concomitant carotid disease, and 43 patients (39%) had a prior stroke. Procedural success was defined as residual stenosis of ≤ 20% without peri-procedural stroke or death. Clinical success was defined as procedural success with symptom resolution. Restenosis was defined as angiographic narrowing within the stent of ≥ 70% or &gt; 50% with recurrent symptoms, or evidence of severe stenosis on non-invasive imaging (ultrasound, CT, or MR). Results : Procedural and clinical success was achieved in 108 (99.1%) and 95 (94.3%) patients, respectively. At one year, follow-up was obtained in 91 patients (83.5%), 6 patients (5.5%) had died, 5 patients (5.3%) experienced a PC stroke, and 47 patients (43.1%) underwent repeat angiography and/or non-invasive imaging. Eighty-seven of the 91 patients were initially symptomatic, 69 (79.3%) of which were symptom-free at one year. Three of those that had recurrent symptoms never achieved clinical success, 9 had developed restenosis, and 7 underwent successful re-intervention. At median follow-up of 31 months (lower and upper quartiles of 13.0 and 51.8 months), 72.5% were alive and 71.6% remained symptom-free. Conclusion : Our data demonstrates that stenting for VAS can be successfully performed in 99% of patients without peri-procedural stroke or death and is associated with durable symptom resolution in approximately 80% of patients at one year. In these high-risk patients, endovascular therapy for symptomatic VAS appears to be safe and effective at relieving symptoms.
Photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (2010)

Recently, there has been growing interest in photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers (PC-SELs) (1-4). The lasing principle exploited by the lasers is based on the band-edge effect in a two-dimensional (2D) PC, where the group velocity of light becomes zero and a 2D cavity mode is formed. The output power is coupled to the vertical direction by the PC itself, which gives rise to the surface-emitting function. Based upon this novel lasing mechanism, PC-SELs possess the following important features: first, perfect, single longitudinal, and lateral mode oscillation can be achieved even when the lasing area becomes very large (for example, devices >300 μm in diameter) (1, 2, 4); and second, the polarization mode (2) and the beam pattern (4) can be controlled by appropriate design of the unit cell and/or lattice phase in the 2D PC (as a result, a range of vector beams (5, 6) can be directly generated); third, the on-chip controllability of the beam direction (7) can be realized using a composite photonic crystal composed of square and rectangular lattices. In this report, we will overview the lasing principle, the device structures and these important features of PC-SELs. The lasing oscillation in blue-violet regime based on GaN PC-SELs (8) will also be discussed.
Gain and Phase Mismatch Calibration Technique in Image-Reject RF Receiver (2010)

This paper presents a gain and phase mismatch calibration technique for an image-reject RF receiver. The gain mismatch is calibrated by directly measuring the output signal amplitudes of two signal paths. The phase mismatch is calibrated by measuring the output amplitude of the final IF output at the image band. The calibration of the gain and phase mismatch is performed at power-up, and the normal operation of the RF receiver does not interfere with the mismatch calibration circuit. To verify the proposed technique, a 2.4-GHz Weaver image-reject receiver with the gain and phase mismatch calibration circuit is implemented in a 0.18-<TEX>${\mu}m$</TEX> CMOS technology. The overall receiver achieves a voltage gain of 45 dB and a noise figure of 4.8 dB. The image rejection ratio(IRR) is improved from 31 dB to 59.76 dB even with 1 dB and <TEX>$5^{\circ}$</TEX> mismatch in gain and phase, respectively.
Assessment of pulmonary artery pressure by echocardiography—A comprehensive review (2016)

Pulmonary hypertension is a pathological haemodynamic condition defined as an increase in mean pulmonary arterial pressure ≥ 25 mmHg at rest, assessed using gold standard investigation by right heart catheterisation. Pulmonary hypertension could be a complication of cardiac or pulmonary disease, or a primary disorder of small pulmonary arteries. Elevated pulmonary pressure (PAP) is associated with increased mortality, irrespective of the aetiology. The gold standard for diagnosis is invasive right heart catheterisation, but this has its own inherent risks. In the past 30 years, immense technological improvements in echocardiography have increased its sensitivity for quantifying pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) and it is now recognised as a safe and readily available alternative to right heart catheterisation. In the future, scores combining various echo techniques can approach the gold standard in terms of sensitivity and accuracy, thereby reducing the need for repeated invasive assessments in these patients.
20-Gb/s PoIDM duobinary transmission in a 575-km SSMF link with automatic polarization stabilization and optical dispersion compensation (2008)

20-Gb/s transmission exploiting duobinary modulation and polarization-division multiplexing is shown. Experimental performances are evaluated in presence of an automatic polarization stabilizer and a double-pass optical dispersion compensator over 575-km SSMF.
Novel homozygous deletions of chromosomal band 18q22 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma identified by STS marker scanning (1999)

The identification of homozygous deletions in sporadic neoplasms has been pivotal in the positional cloning of several tumor suppressor genes. Chromosomal arm 18q harbors the DPC4, SMAD2, and DCC genes and is suspected on the basis of high frequencies of allelic loss to harbor additional tumor suppressor genes. We applied high-resolution sequence-tagged site (STS) marker scanning to a panel of 106 pancreatic adenocarcinomas to identify novel regions of homozygous deletions on 18q. Three homozygous deletions were identified. Physical mapping of these deletions showed them to be nonoverlapping, but clustered in an approximately 7- to 10-Mb region of chromosome band 18q22. Each deletion spanned physical distances of nearly 1.3 to 3 Mb. A number of transcribed genes map within these deletions. The identification of these homozygous deletions might aid in the identification of novel tumor suppressor genes on chromosomal arm 18q. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 25:370-375, 1999.
Aberrations in 4Pi Microscopy (2017)

The combination of two opposing objective lenses in 4Pi fluorescence microscopy significantly improves the axial resolution and increases the collection efficiency. Combining 4Pi microscopy with other super-resolution techniques has resulted in the highest three-dimensional (3D) resolution in fluorescence microscopy to date. It has previously been shown that the performance of 4Pi microscopy is significantly affected by aberrations. However, a comprehensive description of 4Pi microscope aberrations has been missing. In this paper, we introduce an approach to describe aberrations in a 4Pi cavity through a new functional representation. We discuss the focusing properties of 4Pi systems affected by aberrations and discuss the implications for adaptive optics schemes for 4Pi microscopes based on this new insight.
WVE‐005, a stereopure antisense oligonucleotide for MAPT silencing in tauopathies (2022)

Abstract Background : Tau is a neuronal scaffolding protein which aggregates intracellularly upon hyperphosphorylation to form neurofibrillary tangles (NFT). NFTs are a hallmark of various microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT)‐associated neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, frontotemporal dementia, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Currently, there is no approved treatment targeting Tau pathology, nor any other disease‐modifying therapy for these diseases. Wave Life Sciences has developed a stereopure antisense oligonucleotide to reduce MAPT expression in patients with MAPT‐associated neurodegenerative diseases. Method : Using Wave’s proprietary PRISM platform, we designed and screened stereopure oligonucleotides targeting MAPT in vitro and identified a lead sequence. PN chemistry was applied to the lead sequence in subsequent studies to further improve pharmacological properties. In vitro target engagement was measured in human iCell neurons after treatment with Wave’s oligonucleotide, WVE‐005, or a published reference stereorandom oligonucleotide under gymnotic conditions. For in vivo analysis, transgenic mice received a single dose of 12.5, 25, 50, or 100µg oligonucleotide, and target engagement was measured after 4 weeks. To measure duration, transgenic mice received a single 100µg ICV dose and target engagement was tracked over 6 months. Finally, oligonucleotides were tested in non‐human primates (NHP) in a 12mg single‐dose intrathecal (IT) study. MAPT mRNA levels were quantified by qPCR, and intracellular distribution was evaluated by ViewRNA. Result : WVE‐005 showed dose‐dependent silencing of MAPT mRNA in iPSC‐derived neurons with an IC 50 of 84nM. In a dose‐response study, 12.5µg and 25µg WVE‐005 led to 50% knockdown after 4 weeks in hippocampus and cortex, respectively, in transgenic mice. WVE‐005 led to &gt;77% MAPT mRNA knockdown at 12 weeks post 100µg dosing, with knockdown of approximately 50% persisting 6 months post‐injection. In NHPs, WVE‐005 showed improved distribution and potency compared to non‐PN oligonucleotide with the same sequence. WVE‐005 decreased MAPT expression across NHP brain regions 28 days post‐single dose much greater than the non‐PN oligonucleotide and was detected in neuronal and glial cells. Conclusion : WVE‐005 potently and durably decreased MAPT mRNA expression in vitro and in multiple animal models, including throughout CNS upon IT administration in NHPs. These data support continued evaluation of WVE‐005 as a potential therapeutic for MAPT‐associated neurodegenerative diseases.
Modelling and simulation of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell system with a PWM DC/DC converter for stationary applications (2008)

A polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell power system is a low voltage and high current power source that needs a DC/DC converter to boost the output voltage of the fuel cell system for high efficiency and better performance. The fuel cell power system can be connected, in parallel, to a grid via a voltage impressed pulse width modulation (PWM) converter that forms the DC source into a sinusoidal AC current and voltage. The system can be extended to supply not only active power, but also compensate reactive power by exploiting the energy stored in the capacitor. The paper proposes an integrated dynamic model for a PEM fuel cell system with a DC/DC PWM converter and the associated controls that can be used as a power source for a multifunctional compensator. Simulations are carried out to analyse the interactive effects of load currents on the components of the fuel cell power system. The electric load currents applied for the DC converter are obtained from the instantaneous power balance between the DC and the AC side of the AC/DC converter, where the AC currents generated are different currents derived by using a power theory from typical three-phase square waveforms on a grid. Included are also effects of the DC capacitance on the DC voltage variation at load currents applied. Integrated approach reveals a variety of possibilities to analyse and study interacting effects of electric loads on parameters of the fuel cell system components.
Multiomics Longitudinal Modeling of Preeclamptic Pregnancies (2021)

Abstract Preeclampsia is a complex disease of pregnancy whose physiopathology remains unclear and that poses a threat to both mothers and infants. Specific complex changes in women's physiology precede a diagnosis of preeclampsia. Understanding multiple aspects of such a complex changes at different levels of biology, can be enabled by simultaneous application of multiple assays. We developed prediction models for preeclampsia risk by analyzing six omics datasets from a longitudinal cohort of pregnant women. A machine learning-based multiomics model had high accuracy (area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC) of 0.94, 95% confidence intervals (CI): [0.90, 0.99]). A prediction model using only ten urine metabolites provided an accuracy of the whole metabolomic dataset and was validated using an independent cohort of 16 women (AUC = 0.87, 95% CI: [0.76, 0.99]). Integration with clinical variables further improved prediction accuracy of the urine metabolome model (AUC = 0.90, 95% CI: [0.80, 0.99], urine metabolome, validated). We identified several biological pathways to be associated with preeclampsia. The findings derived from models were integrated with immune system cytometry data, confirming known physiological alterations associated with preeclampsia and suggesting novel associations between the immune and proteomic dynamics. While further validation in larger populations is necessary, these encouraging results will serve as a basis for a simple, early diagnostic test for preeclampsia.
Toward self-adapting computation in cells (2017)

Following the realization that computation is an inherent attribute of evolving organisms, implementing desired computation in synthesized biochemical systems becomes an important pursuit for synthetic biology. Considering the stochastic nature of biochemical reactions, the always changing environment, and the infeasibility to analyze complete dynamics of designed systems over all probable conditions, autonomous self-adjustment is necessary for systems to be robust against internal and external variations. However, to date, the essential self-adapting capability remains missing from most synthetic designs. The deficiency hinders the robustness of designed systems, limiting applicable scenarios. To remedy the deficiency, we propose a cell-compatible way that exploits the similarities between two biological signal transmission media, i.e., cell signaling pathways and action potential of spiking neurons. Given the ubiquity and versatility of cell signaling pathways preserved across various cells and organisms, the proposed method can potentially embed self-adapting neuromorphic computation into biochemical reaction systems of a broader realm.
Cortical Representations Sensitive to the Number of Perceived Auditory Objects Emerge between 2 and 4 Months of Age: Electrophysiological Evidence (2014)

Sound waves emitted by two or more simultaneous sources reach the ear as one complex waveform. Auditory scene analysis involves parsing a complex waveform into separate perceptual representations of the sound sources [Bregman, A. S. Auditory scene analysis: The perceptual organization of sounds. London: MIT Press, 1990]. Harmonicity provides an important cue for auditory scene analysis. Normally, harmonics at integer multiples of a fundamental frequency are perceived as one sound with a pitch corresponding to the fundamental frequency. However, when one harmonic in such a complex, pitch-evoking sound is sufficiently mistuned, that harmonic emerges from the complex tone and is perceived as a separate auditory object. Previous work has shown that the percept of two objects is indexed in both children and adults by the object-related negativity component of the ERP derived from EEG recordings [Alain, C., Arnott, S. T., & Picton, T. W. Bottom-up and top-down influences on auditory scene analysis: Evidence from event-related brain potentials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 27, 1072-1089, 2001]. Here we examine the emergence of object-related responses to an 8% harmonic mistuning in infants between 2 and 12 months of age. Two-month-old infants showed no significant object-related response. However, in 4- to 12-month-old infants, a significant frontally positive component was present, and by 8-12 months, a significant frontocentral object-related negativity was present, similar to that seen in older children and adults. This is in accordance with previous research demonstrating that infants younger than 4 months of age do not integrate harmonic information to perceive pitch when the fundamental is missing [He, C., Hotson, L., & Trainor, L. J. Maturation of cortical mismatch mismatch responses to occasional pitch change in early infancy: Effects of presentation rate and magnitude of change. Neuropsychologia, 47, 218-229, 2009]. The results indicate that the ability to use harmonic information to segregate simultaneous sounds emerges at the cortical level between 2 and 4 months of age.
Spectroscopic Evaluation of the Nucleation and Growth for Microwave-Assisted CdSe/CdS/ZnS Quantum Dot Synthesis (2014)

Use of microwave radiation to speed up the synthesis of CdSe-based quantum dots (QDs) in aqueous media is of practical interest and is the focus of this study. However, such microwave methods usually lead to low quantum yield (QY) QDs as compared to the conventional organic-based synthesis. By coupling the microwave oven with a fluorometer via a fiber optic cable, the fluorescence spectra during the QD evolution were obtained. Using the composition Cd4:Se1:Zn4:MPA20 (MPA = 3-mercaptopropionic acid), several stages of QD growth including development of CdSe nuclei, followed sequentially by CdS and then ZnS deposition were noted. The temperature of the microwave reaction between 130 and 155 °C led to QDs with similar QYs (17–19%), with the lower temperature taking longer to reach the optimal yield. The nucleation step was carried out at temperatures varying from 0 to 100 °C followed by growth in the microwave oven. With increasing temperature of nucleation, there was a red-shift in emission maximum, varying from 549 to 574 nm, with comparable QY, thus providing a route for QD size control in the microwave process. There was a profound effect of light illumination on the nucleated state prior to microwave treatment. Using light illumination, QDs with a QY of 40–41% were reproducibly obtained. With such optimized QDs, both flow cytometry and confocal microscopy of QD uptake into intestinal epithelial cells at 0.8–8 nM concentration were readily observed.
Biochemical Hazards during Three Phases of Assisted Reproductive Technology: Repercussions Associated with Epigenesis and Imprinting (2022)

Medically assisted reproduction, now considered a routine, successful treatment for infertility worldwide, has produced at least 8 million live births. However, a growing body of evidence is pointing toward an increased incidence of epigenetic/imprinting disorders in the offspring, raising concern that the techniques involved may have an impact on crucial stages of early embryo and fetal development highly vulnerable to epigenetic influence. In this paper, the key role of methylation processes in epigenesis, namely the essential biochemical/metabolic pathways involving folates and one-carbon cycles necessary for correct DNA/histone methylation, is discussed. Furthermore, potential contributors to epigenetics dysregulation during the three phases of assisted reproduction: preparation for and controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH); methylation processes during the preimplantation embryo culture stages; the effects of unmetabolized folic acid (UMFA) during embryogenesis on imprinting methyl "tags", are described. Advances in technology have opened a window into developmental processes that were previously inaccessible to research: it is now clear that ART procedures have the potential to influence DNA methylation in embryonic and fetal life, with an impact on health and disease risk in future generations. Critical re-evaluation of protocols and procedures is now an urgent priority, with a focus on interventions targeted toward improving ART procedures, with special attention to in vitro culture protocols and the effects of excessive folic acid intake.
Deepcomics (2018)

A key requirement for training deep learning saliency models is large training eye tracking datasets. Despite the fact that the accessibility of eye tracking technology has greatly increased, collecting eye tracking data on a large scale for very specific content types is cumbersome, such as comic images, which are different from natural images such as photographs because text and pictorial content is integrated. In this paper, we show that a deep network trained on visual categories where the gaze deployment is similar to comics outperforms existing models and models trained with visual categories for which the gaze deployment is dramatically different from comics. Further, we find that it is better to use a computationally generated dataset on visual category close to comics one than real eye tracking data of a visual category that has different gaze deployment. These findings hold implications for the transference of deep networks to different domains.
Current approaches to the development of vaccines effective against parainfluenza viruses. (1988)

Infection of infants and children with parainfluenza viruses can lead to serious lower respiratory tract disease. In order to review new information on the genetic organization, epidemiology, and immunobiology of these viruses and of respiratory syncytial virus, WHO, in conjunction with the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, held a workshop in Bethesda, MD, USA, 4-5 May 1987. New data on the immunobiology and epidemiology of human parainfluenza 3 virus were presented that should facilitate the development of a vaccine against this pathogen.
Influence of microscopic and macroscopic effects on attosecond pulse generation using two-color laser fields (2017)

Attosecond pulses and pulse trains generated by high-order harmonic generation are finding broad applications in advanced spectroscopies and imaging, enabling sub-femtosecond electron dynamics to be probed in atomic, molecular and material systems. To date, isolated attosecond pulses have been generated either by using very short few-cycle driving pulses, or by using temporal and polarization gating, or by taking advantage of phase-matching gating. Here we show that by driving high harmonics with a two-color linearly polarized laser field, the temporal window for time-gated phase matching is shorter than for the equivalent singe-color driving laser. As a result, we can generate quasi-isolated attosecond pulses with a peak width of ∼ 450 as using relatively long 26 femtosecond laser pulses. Our experimental data are in good agreement with theoretical simulations, and show that the phase matching window decreases by a factor of 4 - from four optical cycles in the case of a single-color fundamental driving laser, to one optical cycle in the case of two-color (ω-2ω) laser drivers. Finally, we also demonstrate that by changing the relative delay between the two-color laser fields, we can control the duration of the attosecond bursts from 450 as to 1.2 fs.