gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High precision cross-correlated imaging in few-mode fibers (2017)

The trend of increasing data traffic in conventional communication systems demands utilizing new methods for data transmission, which in combination with traditional techniques, enable overcoming the predicted capacity limit. Mode division multiplexing (MDM), where higher-order modes (HOMs) in a few-mode fiber (FMF) are used as multiple spatial communication channels, comes in this context as a viable approach to enable the optimization of high-capacity links. From this perspective, it becomes highly necessary to possess a diagnostic tool for the precise modal characterization of FMFs. Among existing approaches for modal content analysis, several methods as S<sup>2</sup>, C<sup>2</sup> in time and frequency domain are available. In this contribution we will present an improved time-domain cross-correlated (C<sup>2</sup>) imaging technique for the experimental evaluation of modal properties in HOM fibers over a broad range of wavelengths. Our modified setup makes it possible to adjust the time resolution of the system according to the needs of the required fiber measurement. We show that by tuning the spectral shape of the source (SuperK EXTREME filtered by SuperK Select), we enhance the time resolution of the system, which allows us to distinguishing differential time delays between HOMs in the picosecond timescale. Broad wavelength scanning in combination with spectral shaping, allows us to estimate the modal behavior of FMF without prior knowledge of the fiber parameters. We performed our demonstration at wavelengths from 850nm to 1100nm which can be easily extended to other wavelengths of interest just by replacing components with the appropriate coating. The method presented here aims to serve as flexible diagnostic tool that can be implemented in MDM systems for judicious evaluation of modal dispersion in FMFs.
Rethinking Optical Transport to Pave the Way for 5G and the Networked Society (2015)

The fifth generation of mobile networks (5G) is the next major phase of mobile telecommunications, which will provide the foundation for the Networked Society. To support 5G, transport will need to cater for a wide range of service requirements. It will need to support emerging 5G radio systems in terms of higher capacity and increasing number of cell sites. It must also cater for increasing need for radio interference coordination between sites as well as cost effective radio access network deployment models, and provide a flexible platform for sharing of resources where different actors through transport application programming interfaces have access to network resources and diverse transport services. In this paper, we summarize the key defining factors for 5G transport and outline a concept for programmable transport based on WDM and exploiting emerging optical devices enabled by integrated photonics.
Probing Self-Assembly of Cylindrical Morphology Block Copolymer Using in Situ and ex Situ Grazing Incidence Small-Angle X-ray Scattering: The Attractive Case of Graphoepitaxy (2014)

The self-assembly of polystyrene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) copolymer (BCP) films, leading to hexagonal arrays of perpendicular PMMA cylinders in a PS matrix, and its ordering kinetics were investigated using ex situ and in situ grazing incidence small-angle X-ray scattering (GISAXS). The ex situ measurements have provided accurate information about the structural changes in self-assembled BCP films with multiple processing parameters (PMMA removal process, film thickness, annealing treatment). Such structural information proves essential since BCP films are envisioned as template materials for density multiplication in nanolithography. Moreover, the temperature-dependent GISAXS measurements indicate that phase-separation starts around 140 °C and annealing up to 240 °C is required to form homogeneous self-assembled films within the short baking times required by industry. Furthermore, the guiding effect of an hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) line grating commensurable with the polymer period on self-assembly (the so-called graphoepitaxy approach) was studied on silicon wafers presenting jointly patterned and unpatterned areas. When the line grating is aligned with the direction of the incident X-ray beam, the GISAXS pattern of the graphoepitaxial BCP film reveals the formation of a single domain extended over large areas. In contrast, the pattern of the BCP film self-assembled on the neighbor unpatterned area, comes from randomly oriented domains. Besides, the line grating does not only guide the BCP self-assembly, but as shown, also increases its ordering kinetics, demonstrating the high potentialities of graphoepitaxy.
Conservation of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum of light in second-harmonic generation (2021)

By generating the second-harmonic of spatiotemporal orbital angular momentum light, conservation of transverse orbital angular momentum is observed, while the topology of such second-harmonic pulses can be modified by complex spatiotemporal astigmatism.
WE‐FG‐206‐11: Measuring Mechanical Biomarkers of Liver Tumors Using Tagged MRI (2016)

Purpose: Early detection of liver cancer improves patient prognosis dramatically. We propose a novel approach in which liver deformation is tracked during the cardiac cycle using tagged MRI. Strain concentrations that arise from material mismatches between the tumor and non‐tumor regions were compared in patients with liver tumors. Methods: Tagged MR images were acquired from four liver cancer patients in the coronal plane in a 3.0T scanner. In each cardiac cycle, a total of 25 time frames were acquired with a FOV of 289×359 mm2 and a resolution of 180×224. Lagrangian strain fields were calculated from displacement fields estimated from the tag lines using the HARP algorithm. Tumor and non‐tumor regions of interest (ROIs) were delineated manually by a trained physician. The non‐tumor ROI was defined as a region surrounding the tumor but away from the left lobe adjacent to the heart. A one‐tail paired T‐test was used to compare the strain distributions from the tumor and non‐tumor ROIs. Results: The strain fields reflected heterogeneity of liver mechanical properties and the nature of the loading. The left lobe had the highest strain magnitude because of its proximity to the heart. However, the maximum principal strain (E1) of the tumor ROI was significantly lower than that of the non‐tumor ROI. Conclusion: Cardiac contraction produced measureable strains in the liver, with statistically significant differences between tumor and non‐tumor ROIs. Lower strains in the tumor ROIs, observed for all patients, reflected the higher stiffness of the tumor, and showed the potential of using biomechanical properties as a biomarker for tumor diagnosis. Future work will focus on the question of whether tumors that are not visible to a trained physician can be identified using these strain fields. Funding supports are provided by grant BK20140356 (YF) from Jiangsu Province, grant 61503267 (YF) from National Natural Science Foundation, and by grant K511701515 (YF) from Scientific Research Foundation for the Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars, State Education Ministry.
Combining Efficient Probabilistic Shaping and Deep Neural Network to Mitigate Capacity Crunch in 5G Fronthaul (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate a capacity-approaching transmission in 5G fronthaul utilizing PS-PAM8 and DNN. An 80-Gb/s over 20-km SSMF transmission performance is realized with a beyond 7.3-dB gross gain over uniform PAM modulations with linear post-equalization.
Improving the Instrumental Resolution of Sensors Based on Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (2006)

The colorimetric variations induced upon changes in interfacial refractive index of nanoscale noble metal structures exhibiting localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) provides a convenient means of label-free, affinity-based detection of biomolecular recognition reactions. However, despite being similar in nature to conventional SPR, LSPR has so far suffered from significantly lower data quality in terms of its signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) in typical biomolecular recognition analysis. In this work, generic data analysis algorithms and a simple experimental setup that provide a S/N upon protein binding that is comparable to that of state-of-the art SPR systems are presented. Specifically, it is demonstrated how temporal variations (rate approximately 0.5 Hz) in parameters proportional to the resonance peak position can be recorded simultaneously, yielding a peak position precision of <5 x 10(-4) nm and an extinction noise level of <5 x 10(-6) absorbance units (Abs). This, in turn, is shown to provide a S/N of approximately 2000 (equivalent to a detection limit of <0.1 ng/cm(2)) for typical protein binding reactions. Furthermore, the importance of utilizing changes in both peak position and magnitude is highlighted by comparing different LSPR active noble metal architectures that respond differently to bulk and interfacial refractive index changes.
Effect of Defects on Strain Relaxation in InGaN/AlGaN Multiple‐Quantum‐Well Near‐Ultraviolet Light‐Emitting Diodes (2021)

Three similar‐structure InGaN/AlGaN multiple‐quantum‐well near‐ultraviolet (NUV) light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) are utilized to investigate the microscopic effect of defects on strain relaxation. Consistent correlations among the crystal quality, the piezoelectric field ( F PZ ), the internal quantum efficiency (IQE), and the bandgap shrinkage of NUV LEDs are obtained by investigating the macroscopic characterizations. The difference in crystal quality (or the defect density) of NUV LEDs is found by the ideality factor, the emission microscope image, the Shockley–Read–Hall coefficient, and the IQE. Electroreflectance spectra are used to calculate F PZ of NUV LEDs. F PZ , the IQE, and the peak‐wavelength shift at driving currents are increased with the samples’ crystal quality compared to the reference sample. Also, F PZ , the IQE, and the peak‐wavelength shift are decreased with the increase in samples’ defect densities. A similar result is found for the bandgap shrinkage. This effect significantly indicates that the strain relaxation is induced by defects. Herein, a model that systematically explains the observed changes in macroscopic properties of NUV LEDs is proposed.
Reconstruction of cell distribution in 3D silicon microstructures by label-free optical detection (2014)

In this work, we report the results recently obtained with an innovative microsystem for human cell studies that combines the functionality of a highly ordered, silicon microstructure as 3D incubator with a label-free analytical approach. This system is suitable for monitoring distribution of cells, for example with a mesenchymal phenotype, that are able to stretch their bodies inside the narrow and deeply etched gaps of the 3D micromachined structure and to grow adherent to vertical surfaces. We demonstrate that the extension of the cell body inside the gaps can be recovered with a label-free optical detection method based on IR spectral reflectivity measurements performed with an all-fiberoptic configuration.
Augmenting CT cardiac roadmaps with segmented streaming ultrasound (2007)

Static X-ray computed tomography (CT) volumes are often used as anatomic roadmaps during catheter-based cardiac interventions performed under X-ray fluoroscopy guidance. These CT volumes provide a high-resolution depiction of soft-tissue structures, but at only a single point within the cardiac and respiratory cycles. Augmenting these static CT roadmaps with segmented myocardial borders extracted from live ultrasound (US) provides intra-operative access to real-time dynamic information about the cardiac anatomy. In this work, using a customized segmentation method based on a 3D active mesh, endocardial borders of the left ventricle were extracted from US image streams (4D data sets) at a frame rate of approximately 5 frames per second. The coordinate systems for CT and US modalities were registered using rigid body registration based on manually selected landmarks, and the segmented endocardial surfaces were overlaid onto the CT volume. The root-mean squared fiducial registration error was 3.80 mm. The accuracy of the segmentation was quantitatively evaluated in phantom and human volunteer studies via comparison with manual tracings on 9 randomly selected frames using a finite-element model (the US image resolutions of the phantom and volunteer data were 1.3 x 1.1 x 1.3 mm and 0.70 x 0.82 x 0.77 mm, respectively). This comparison yielded 3.70±2.5 mm (approximately 3 pixels) root-mean squared error (RMSE) in a phantom study and 2.58±1.58 mm (approximately 3 pixels) RMSE in a clinical study. The combination of static anatomical roadmap volumes and dynamic intra-operative anatomic information will enable better guidance and feedback for image-guided minimally invasive cardiac interventions.
Layered Complex Networks (2006)

Many complex networks are only a part of larger systems, where a number of coexisting topologies interact and depend on each other. We introduce a layered model to facilitate the description and analysis of such systems. As an example of its application, we study the load distribution in three transportation systems, where the lower layer is the physical infrastructure and the upper layer represents the traffic flows. This layered view allows us to capture the fundamental differences between the real load and commonly used load estimators, which explains why these estimators fail to approximate the real load.
Supplementary Table 1 from Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells Promote Neovascularization in Glioma by Disrupting the Blood–Brain Barrier (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF - 93K, Authentication of Gl261 cells in related to "cell lines and mice lines" section in Materials and Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
Data from A Randomized Phase IIb Trial of <i>myo</i>-Inositol in Smokers with Bronchial Dysplasia (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Previous preclinical studies and a phase I clinical trial suggested that &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol may be a safe and effective lung cancer chemopreventive agent. We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb study to determine the chemopreventive effects of &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol in smokers with bronchial dysplasia. Smokers with ≥1 site of dysplasia identified by autofluorescence bronchoscopy-directed biopsy were randomly assigned to receive oral placebo or &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol, 9 g once a day for 2 weeks, and then twice a day for 6 months. The primary endpoint was change in dysplasia rate after 6 months of intervention on a per-participant basis. Other trial endpoints reported herein include Ki-67 labeling index, blood and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) levels of proinflammatory, oxidant/antioxidant biomarkers, and an airway epithelial gene expression signature for PI3K activity. Seventy-four (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 38 &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol and &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 36 placebo) participants with a baseline and 6-month bronchoscopy were included in all efficacy analyses. The complete response and the progressive disease rates were 26.3% versus 13.9% and 47.4% versus 33.3%, respectively, in the &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol and placebo arms (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.76). Compared with placebo, &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol intervention significantly reduced IL6 levels in BAL over 6 months (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.03). Among those with a complete response in the &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol arm, there was a significant decrease in a gene expression signature reflective of PI3K activation within the cytologically normal bronchial airway epithelium (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002). The heterogeneous response to &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol suggests a targeted therapy approach based on molecular alterations is needed in future clinical trials to determine the efficacy of &lt;i&gt;myo&lt;/i&gt;-inositol as a chemopreventive agent. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Prev Res; 9(12); 906–14. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Comprehensive Characterization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Human Placenta and Fetal Membrane and Their Response to Osteoactivin Stimulation (2012)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are the most promising seed cells for cell therapy and can be isolated from various sources of human adult tissues such as bone marrow (BM-MSC) and adipose tissue. However, cells from these tissues must be obtained through invasive procedures. We, therefore, characterized MSCs isolated from fresh placenta (Pl-MSC) and fetal membrane (Mb-MSC) through morphological and fluorescent-activated cell sorting (FACS). MSC frequency is higher in membrane than placenta (2.14% ± 0.65 versus 15.67% ± 0.29%). Pl/Mb-MSCs in vitro expansion potential was significantly higher than BM-MSCs. We demonstrated that one of the MSC-specific marker is sufficient for MSC isolation and that culture in specific media is the optimal way for selecting very homogenous MSC population. These MSCs could be differentiated into mesodermal cells expressing cell markers and cytologic staining consistent with mature osteoblasts and adipocytes. Transcriptomic analysis and cytokine arrays demonstrated broad similarity between placenta- and membrane-derived MSCs and only discrete differences with BM-MSCs with enrichment of networks involved in bone differentiation. Pl/Mb-MSCs displayed higher osteogenic differentiation potential than BM-MSC when their response to osteoactivin was evaluated. Fetal-tissue-derived mesenchymal cells may, therefore, be considered as a major source of MSCs to reach clinical scale banking in particular for bone regeneration.
Human hematopoietic stem cells from mobilized peripheral blood can be purified based on CD49f integrin expression (2015)

To the editor:

Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)–mobilized peripheral blood (MPB) is the preferred source of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and has outcompeted bone marrow for HSC-based therapies.[1][1] Umbilical cord blood (UCB) represents an alternative source of HSCs commonly used
Scanning electron and cathodoluminescence imaging of thin film Lu2SiO5:Ce scintillating materials (2007)

Cerium doped lutetium orthosilicate thin films were sputter deposited onto rough and smooth alumina substrates to compare their extrinsic photoluminescence efficiency. To understand the photoluminescence results, scanning electron and cathodoluminescence imaging were performed. The plane view and cross-section images revealed that dark cathodoluminescence regions were correlated with topology in both films, though the mechanisms for the degraded luminescence were different. For the rough films, substrate topology causes localized shadowing of the sputtered species which creates compositional inhomogeneities. The smooth films have protrusions caused by thermally induced stress and the reduced cathodoluminescence intensity is attributed to electron-hole surface recombination.
Phase II study of bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and progression on enzalutamide (enza). (2017)

5017 Background: Androgen receptor (AR) overexpression is a common adaptive resistance mechanism in mCRPC. High dose testosterone in this setting may induce tumor responses and restore normal AR expression. To evaluate BAT, we enrolled men with mCRPC progressing on enza to assess (1) responses to BAT and (2) enza re-challenge after BAT. Methods: Eligible men had minimally symptomatic mCRPC with progression on enza. Subjects received testosterone cypionate 400mg IM every 28d and continued gonadal suppression, until progression. Subjects were evaluated with PSAs each cycle, and CT/bone scans every 3 cycles. Upon progression on BAT, men were re-challenged with enza. The co-primary endpoints were &gt; 50% PSA responses (PSA 50 ) to BAT and PSA 50 to enza re-challenge. The null hypothesis was a PSA 50 rate of 5% for both endpoints, with alternative hypotheses of 20% to BAT and 25% to enza. 30 subjects were required for 90% and 83% power, respectively, with overall type 1 error of 0.1. Secondary endpoints were safety, objective response, progression-free survival (PFS), and effect on circulating tumor cell-based AR and AR-V7 expression. Results: 30 eligible subjects were accrued (2014-2016). No dose limiting toxicities were seen. 2 subjects had transient pain flares after BAT initiation. Common grade 1-2 adverse events (AE) were musculoskeletal pain (40%), increased hemoglobin (37%), breast tenderness (17%) and rash (17%). 3 Grade 3-4 AE potentially attributable to BAT occurred (pulmonary embolism, NSTEMI, and urinary obstruction). 9/30 men (30% [95% CI: 17-48%]) achieved a PSA 50 to BAT. 5/14 men (36%) with measurable disease had an objective response by RECIST 1.1. The median clinical/radiographic PFS on BAT was 8.6 months. 21 subjects proceeded to enza re-challenge, yielding 15 PSA 50 responses (54% by intention to treat [95% CI: 34-69%]), with a PFS of 4.8 months. 1/3 AR-V7+ subjects responded to BAT, and all had decreased AR-V7/AR ratios (2 converted to AR-V7-) after 3 cycles. Conclusions: The study met its primary endpoints, demonstrating preliminary efficacy of BAT in men with progressive mCRPC after enza. A randomized study comparing BAT to enza in mCRPC is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT02090114.
XML Alone is not Sufficient for Effective WebEDI (2006)

WebEDI relies on the Internet infrastructure for exchanging documents among companies. Typically these documents are orders and invoices and can be exchanged by directly integrating the companies' ERP systems or via Web application upload, download or typing of documents. XML is considered as a state-of-the-art way to reduce the complexity of managing the different data formats. Nevertheless, the XML standard alone does not offer the required semantics. When integrating a few companies, it is possible to hard code the semantics in the applications that process the documents. However, when integrating numerous different companies such a solution does not scale. The semantics has to be captured in a more flexible and scalable way. To cope with this necessity, simple ontologies are required to augment the data description.
Structure determination of Streptococcus suis serotype 14 capsular polysaccharide (2012)

The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of Streptococcus suis serotype 14 was purified, chemically modified, and characterized. Sugar and absolute configuration analyses gave the following CPS composition: d-Gal, 3; d-Glc, 1; d-GlcNAc, 1; d-Neu5Ac, 1. The Sambucus nigra lectin, which recognizes the Neu5Ac(α2–6)Gal/GalNAc sequence, showed binding to the native CPS. Sialic acid was found to be terminal, and the CPS was quantitatively desialylated by mild acid hydrolysis. It was also submitted to periodate oxidation followed by borohydride reduction and Smith degradation. Sugar and methylation analyses, 1 H and 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry of the native CPS or of its specifically modified products allowed to determine the repeating unit sequence: [6)[Neu5Ac(α2–6)Gal(β1–4)GlcNAc(β1–3)]Gal(β1–3)Gal(β1–4)Glc(β1–] n . S. suis serotype 14 CPS has an identical sialic acid-containing side chain as serotype 2 CPS, but differs by the absence of rhamnose in its composition. The same side chain is also present in group B Streptococcus type Ia CPS, except that in the latter sialic acid is 2,3- rather than 2,6-linked to the following galactose. A correlation between the S. suis CPS sequence and genes of the serotype 14 cps locus encoding putative glycosyltransferases and polymerase responsible for the biosynthesis of the repeating unit is proposed.
Channels with State (2011)

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