gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MRI-based cortical shear strain measurement in healthy volunteers: repeatability study and its implications for sub-concussive trauma (2023)

Repetitive head impact (RHI) increases the risk of concussion, probably due to alterations of the brain-skull mechanical coupling. It would be of clinical value to have a reliable biomarker capable of assessing the status of the brain-skull coupling condition. MRE-based normalized octahedral shear strain (NOSS) has been proposed as a method for such brain membrane system evaluation. To verify the test-retest reliability of NOSS, datasets from 14 healthy volunteers were acquired with different vibration directions and within- and between-day scanning. This study demonstrated the excellent repeatability of the proposed method, showing the NOSS distributions were robust to loading variations.
DEPLETION OF T LYMPHOCYTES FROM HUMAN BONE MARROW (1987)

A new technique for depletion of T cells from bone marrow is presented. Bone marrow cells (BMC) were rosetted with magnetic monosized polystyrene microspheres coated with monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for T cell CD2 and CD3 antigens. Rosetted T cells were subsequently removed from non-T cells with the aid of a magnet. This immunomagnetic separation procedure was carried out in less than 40 min and reproducibly removed T cells, leaving a maximum of 0.025% sheep-red-blood-cell (SRBC) rosette-forming cells and less than 0.02% T cells as detected by a T cell limiting dilution assay. The efficacy of the depletion procedure was further shown by flow cytometry data, by effective removal of cells from a T cell line added to the BMC prior to immunomagnetic separation, and by abrogation of interleukin 2 (IL-2)-producing capacity in T-cell-depleted BMC (BMC-T). The T cell depletion procedure provided a 43-74% recovery of non-T cells present in the Isopaque-Ficoll-isolated bone marrow mononuclear cell fraction and did not disturb the growth potential of stem cells, as assayed by hematopoietic stem cell assays.
Effects of External Field Orientation on Permanent Magnet Demagnetization (2017)

This paper investigates how the orientation of the applied demagnetizing magnetomotive force (MMF) affects the demagnetization behavior of Nd-Fe-B magnets that are widely used for permanent-magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs). This paper designs and builds a customized test fixture that can produce a magnetic field with varying orientation and intensity to demagnetize magnet samples. A computer-controlled 2-D mapping device is used to record the flux density above the test samples. The measurement results are compared with the 3-D finite-element analysis simulations. The understanding and insights obtained from this paper will be used to improve the robustness of magnet design for high power density PMSMs with improved capability of withstanding demagnetization during overcurrent faults.
Mathematical Model of Smoldering Combustion in a Carbonaceous Porous Medium Part 2 – Sensitivity Analysis of Model Parameters (2001)

In this paper, we systematically evaluated the effects of model parameters on the linear burn rate (LBR) and temperature to control smoldering of a cigarette. Fifteen model parameters were identified as smoldering factors. Among them, the theoretical findings of the effects of the cigarette radius, packing density, and water content on LBR and the peak temperature agree well with the experimental results in the literature. The method presented in this paper is adequate, and the basic mechanism of the natural smoldering process of tobacco can be explained. We evaluated the effects of smoldering factors on the LBR and the peak temperature ( T max ), and obtained the basic data for establishing a scientific means of limiting the smoldering process, that can replace conventional experience and the trial and error approach.
Selecting and evaluating conspicuous character patterns (2009)

Character detection in scenery images is a very difficult task. This paper describes a strategy of selecting character patterns for easier detection in scenery image. These character patterns, called conspicuous character patterns, are selected from character font sets according to a criterion that evaluates how the font has a larger distance from a non-character pattern distribution and, simultaneously, with a smaller distance from a general character pattern distribution. Qualitative and quantitative evaluations have been made to observe how the selected fonts are more conspicuous than other fonts. 1.
Constructing covalent organic frameworks in waterviadynamic covalent bonding (2016)

The formation of keto-enamine based crystalline, porous polymers in water is investigated for the first time. Facile access to the Schiff base reaction in water has been exploited to synthesize stable porous structures using the principles of Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC). Most credibly, the water-based Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) possess chemical as well as physical properties such as crystallinity, surface area and porosity, which is comparable to their solvothermal counterparts. The formation of COFs in water is further investigated by understanding the nature of the monomers formed using hydroxy and non-hydroxy analogues of the aldehyde. This synthetic route paves a new way to synthesize COFs using a viable, greener route by utilization of the DCC principles in conjunction with the keto-enol tautomerism to synthesize useful, stable and porous COFs in water.
Design and experimental validation of an active acoustic liner for aircraft engine noise reduction (2017)

The use of acoustic liners in aviation industry is a quite common solution for reducing the engines acoustic emissions. Although the current solutions based on single or multilayer liners are efficient and compact for the mid and high frequencies, noise mitigation in the low frequencies would require large volumes, making the integration in the nacelle difficult. Moreover, the passive liners are tuned to attenuate fixed frequencies and are optimized for specific flights regimes. An active electroacoustic skin based on a distribution of loudspeaker and microphones is presented here. The acoustic impedance is controlled by an embedded electronic system and can be changed in real time. Compared to a conventional passive liner, it is shown that the resonance frequency of the active skin can be adjusted to better match the flight phase and that the performance is better at low frequency. An experimental campaign in a wind tunnel has been performed and is presented here.
Genetic analysis of isoform usage in the human anti-viral response reveals influenza-specific regulation of ERAP2 transcripts under balancing selection (2017)

Abstract While the impact of common genetic variants on gene expression response to cellular stimuli has been analyzed in depth, less is known about how stimulation modulates the genetic control of isoform usage. Analyzing RNA-seq profiles of monocyte-derived dendritic cells from 243 individuals, we uncovered thousands of unannotated isoforms synthesized in response to viral infection and stimulation with type I interferon. We identified more than a thousand single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with isoform usage (isoQTLs), &gt; 40% of which are independent of expression QTLs for the same gene. Compared to eQTLs, isoQTLs are enriched for splice sites and untranslated regions, and depleted of sequences upstream of annotated transcription start sites. Both eQTLs and isoQTLs in stimulated cells explain a significant proportion of the disease heritability attributed to common genetic variants. At the IRF7 locus, we found alternative promoter usage in response to influenza as a possible mechanism by which DNA variants previously associated with immune-related disorders mediate disease risk. At the ERAP2 locus, we shed light on the function of the major haplotype that has been maintained under long-term balancing selection. At baseline and following type 1 interferon stimulation, the major haplotype is associated with absence of ERAP2 expression while the minor haplotype, known to increase Crohn’s disease risk, is associated with high ERAP2 expression. Surprisingly, in response to influenza infection, the major haplotype results in the expression of two uncharacterized, alternatively transcribed, spliced and translated short isoforms. Thus, genetic variants at a single locus could modulate independent gene regulatory processes in the innate immune response, and in the case of ERAP2 , may confer a historical fitness advantage in response to virus.
Parameter Estimation for Electrode Degradation: Learning in the Face of Model-Experiment Discrepancies (2022)

Use of physics-based models to interpret battery degradation data over the course of cycling can provide deeper physical insight into the internal states of the system and how they evolve. We present a neural network trained on simulations generated by a previously published physics-based model for a lithium trivanadate (LVO) cathode to estimate parameters that evolve over the course of cycling. We focus on the robustness of the neural network through two case studies that probe different kinds of discrepancies between model and experiment: nonideal data and imperfect model. In the former, the experimental protocols do not meet the assumption made in the training data generated by the physics-based model, while in the latter, the physics-based model fails to describe all of the measured cathode behavior even under ideal conditions. When there is total model-experiment agreement, a neural network estimates parameters with improved accuracy compared to a maximum likelihood analysis using the same set of simulations. However, in both types of model-experiment discrepancy, the neural network returned biased parameter estimates. We introduce a data augmentation procedure into the neural network training to mitigate these effects and improve robustness, and employ it to estimate parameters for a cycling LVO cathode.
Transform Coding in the VVC Standard (2021)

In the past decade, the development of transform coding techniques has achieved significant progress and several advanced transform tools have been adopted in the new generation Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standard. In this paper, a brief history of transform coding development during VVC standardization is presented, and the transform coding tools in the VVC standard are described in detail together with their initial design, incremental improvements and implementation aspects. To improve coding efficiency, four new transform coding techniques are introduced in VVC, which are namely Multiple Transform Selection (MTS), Low-Frequency Non-separable Secondary Transform (LFNST) and Sub-Block Transform (SBT), as well as a large (64-point) type-2 DCT. The experimental results on VVC reference software (VTM-9.0) show that average 4.5&#x0025; and 3.6&#x0025; overall coding gain can be achieved by the VVC transform coding tools for All Intra and Random Access configurations, respectively.
Systematic Exploration of Lipophilic Tags That Allow Efficient Anchoring of Aptamers to Live Cell Surfaces (2013)

Abstract We carried out a systematic exploration of lipophilic tag molecules that allow efficient anchoring of aptamers to live cell surfaces. Among the lipids tested, the C16 dialkyl (dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine) tag showed a good performance: a high anchoring yield and long retention on live cells. The 3′-C16 dialkyl tag-labeled fluorescent aptamer sensor, targeting thrombin, was prepared. The aptamer sensor was anchored successfully to live cells, allowing fluorescence detection of thrombin on the cell surface.
Monoclonal antibody MRK16 reverses the multidrug resistance of multidrug-resistant transgenic mice. (1992)

Using multidrug-resistant (MDR)-transgenic mice, whose bone marrow cells express the human MDR1 gene at a level approximately equal to that found in many human cancers, we determined the efficacy of human-specific anti-P-glycoprotein monoclonal antibody MRK16 in overcoming multidrug resistance in an intact animal. MRK16 alone (2 mg) did not significantly affect the WBC counts of the MDR-transgenic mice, but MRK16, as well as the F(ab')2 fragments of MRK16, led to a dose-dependent circumvention of bone marrow resistance against daunomycin, doxorubicin, vincristine, vinblastine, etoposide, and taxol. This sensitizing effect could not be enhanced by combining MRK16 with low molecular weight chemosensitizing agents such as verapamil, quinine, quinidine, or cyclosporin A. We also investigated the concept of specifically targeting and killing multidrug-resistant cells by using MRK16 coupled to Pseudomonas exotoxin (PE). MRK16-PE resulted in a dose-dependent killing of bone marrow cells in MDR-transgenic mice, whereas no bone marrow toxicity was observed in normal control mice. Administration of excess MRK16 prior to injection of MRK16-PE successfully blocked the effect of MRK16-PE. MOPC-PE, a non-MDR-related control monoclonal antibody conjugate, did not target and kill multidrug-resistant bone marrow cells in MDR-transgenic mice. Thus, these immunological approaches to reversing multidrug resistance appear to be both specific and effective.
AI-based detection of contrast-enhancing MRI lesions in patients with multiple sclerosis (2023)

Al-based detection of contrast-enhancing multiple sclerosis lesions approaches human reader performance, but careful visual inspection is still needed, especially for infratentorial, small and low-contrast lesions.
Leucine-Responsive Regulatory Protein-Mediated Repression of clp (Encoding CS31A) Expression by l -Leucine and l -Alanine in Escherichia coli (2003)

CS31A produced by septicemic and diarrheic Escherichia coli belongs to the Pap-regulatory family of adhesive factors, which are under methylation-dependent transcriptional regulation. Common features of operons encoding members of this family include two conserved GATC sites in the upstream regulatory region, and transcriptional regulators homologue to the PapB and PapI proteins. Methylation protection of GATC sites was previously shown to be dependent on the leucine-responsive regulatory protein (Lrp). Lrp and ClpB, the PapB equivalent, repressed clp basal transcription. A PapI homologue (AfaF) was required together with Lrp to establish the phase variation control, which gave rise to phase-ON cells that expressed CS31A and phase-OFF cells that did not express CS31A. In phase-OFF cells, the GATC(dist) site was methylated and the GATC(prox) site was protected from methylation, whereas in phase-ON cells, the inverse situation was found. Unlike Pap fimbriae, CS31A synthesis was dramatically reduced in media containing L-alanine or L-leucine. L-Alanine prevented the OFF-to-ON switch, locking clp expression in the OFF phase, whereas L-leucine repressed transcription without obvious effect on the switch frequency of phase variation. In phase-variable cells, leucine and alanine promoted methylation of GATC(dist) and methylation protection of GATC(prox), increasing the methylation pattern characteristic of repressed cells. Furthermore, alanine prevented the AfaF-dependent methylation protection of GATC(dist) and thus the appearance of phase-ON cells. In addition, analysis of clp expression in a Lrp-negative background indicated that alanine and leucine also repressed clp transcription by a methylation-independent mechanism.
Terahertz time-domain measurement of non-Drude conductivity in silver nanowire thin films for transparent electrode applications (2013)

We have investigated the complex conductivity of silver nanowire thin films using terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. Maxwell-Garnett effective medium theory, which accounts for the effective complex conductivity of silver nanowires, is presented in detail theoretically and experimentally. The conductivity of nanowires exhibits a characteristic non-Drude response in which the applied terahertz field is polarized in the longitudinal nanowire direction. The non-Drude responses of the silver nanowires are explained by the Gans approximation and the Drude-Smith model, and both agree well with the experimental data. Our results provide a basis for further explorations of charge carrier dynamics in nanowire-based transparent electrode applications.
Blood Lead Level in Populations Resident in Some Abandoned Mine Area (2010)

Exposure to lead, particularly at chronic low-dose levels, is still a major public health concern. The present study is aimed to evaluate the blood lead levels in populations resident in some abandoned mine areas of Chungbuk, Korea. Eight hundreds and sixty-six subjects who reside in abandoned mine area located in Chungbuk, Korea, were enrolled this study. We evaluated the blood lead level according to the age, gender, and working history in mines. For statistical analysis, SPSS ver 12.0 was used. The geometric mean blood lead levels was <TEX>$2.93\;{\mu}g/{\ell}$</TEX> and nobody showed levels over the guidelines of WHO. Ex-smokers and current-smokers showed significantly higher blood lead levels compared to that of non-smokers. The blood lead levels in individuals with a history of working in a mine was higher than those in individuals without such histories. The populations resident in some Chungbuk abadoned mine area showed low levels of lead in blood. This suggest that lead poisoning might not be induced by abandoned mine in Chungbuk, Korea.
Scalable quantum information processing architecture using a programmable array of spin-photon interfaces (2022)

We demonstrate a scalable quantum information processing architecture consisting of a planar array of tin-vacancy (SnV) centers, tunable across a thousand diamond cavities integrated on a control chip based on a commercial foundry process.
Fault Attacks on Encrypted General Purpose Compute Platforms (2017)

Adversaries with physical access to a target platform can perform cold boot or DMA attacks to extract sensitive data from the RAM. To prevent such attacks, hardware vendors announced respective processor extensions. AMD's extension SME will provide means to encrypt the RAM to protect security-relevant assets that reside there. The encryption will protect the user's content against passive eavesdropping. However, the level of protection it provides in scenarios that involve an adversary who cannot only read from RAM but also change content in RAM is less clear. This paper addresses the open research question whether encryption alone is a dependable protection mechanism in practice when considering an active adversary. To this end, we first build a software based memory encryption solution on a desktop system which mimics AMD's SME. Subsequently, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept fault attack on this system, by which we are able to extract the private RSA key of a GnuPG user. Our work suggests that transparent memory encryption is not enough to prevent active attacks.
Quantitative investigation of cardiac motion effects on in vivo diffusion tensor parameters: a simulation study (2013)

Background Cardiac motion is a crucial problem in in vivo diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the human heart. Despite its importance, the effects of cardiac motion on diffusion tensor parameters of the human heart in vivo have not been well established, mainly because of large signal loss. Recently, an efficient method was proposed that acquires cardiac diffusion weighted (DW) images at different time points of the cardiac cycle and reduces motion-induced signal loss using PCA filtering and temporal MIP techniques (PCATMIP) (Rapacchi, Invest Radiol 2011). Meanwhile, polarized light imaging (PLI) provides us the ground-truth of the heart fiber architecture, and DENSE sequence offers us higher spatial resolution displacement fields of the human heart in vivo. These different imaging possibilities have led us to investigate a multimodal approach to quantitatively investigate the effects of cardiac motion on diffusion tensor parameters such as
Cyclic common-path interferometer (1990)

By using a cyclic design as a double-focus element a common-path interferometer can be realized. No special optical elements but a lens of short focal length a half-mirror and two flat mirrors are required in the cyclic design. 1.
Long term outcomes and complications of reno‐portal anastomosis in liver transplantation: results from a propensity score‐based outcome analysis (2021)

Diffuse splanchnic vein thrombosis (DSVT) remains a serious challenge in liver transplantation (LT). Reno-portal anastomosis (RPA) has previously been reported as a valid option for management of patients with DSVT during LT. The aim of this study was to evaluate post-transplant renal function and surgical outcomes of patients with DSVT who underwent RPA during LT. Between January 2005 and December 2017, 1270 patients underwent LT at our institution, including 16 with DSVT managed with RPA (RPA group). We compared renal function and surgical outcomes in these patients to outcomes in 48 propensity score (PS)-matched patients without thrombosis (control group), using a 1:3 matching model. The two groups had similar rates of postoperative portal vein thrombosis (PVT), renal dysfunction as measured by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and overall postoperative complications (Clavien grade III), although the RPA group had a higher incidence of postoperative upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding (31.3% vs 4.2%; P = 0.009) that had no clinical consequence. There were no significant differences in five-year graft and patient survival rates between the groups (P = 0.133 and P = 0.166, respectively). RPA is an established technique in the management of patients with DSVT during LT, with comparable outcomes to patients without thrombosis. Our report is the first to demonstrate similar surgical outcomes, including long-term renal function, in LT recipients with or without RPA.
Turkey and the U.S. : alliances, relations and defense cooperation (2012)

Preface Turkey: Background & U.S. Relations Turkey-U.S. Defense Cooperation: Prospects & Challenges Israel's Blockade of Gaza, the Mavi Marmara Incident & its Aftermath Index.