gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Commute Times, Food Retail Gaps, and Body Mass Index in North Carolina Counties (2020)

IntroductionThe prevalence of obesity is higher in rural than in urban areas of the United States, for reasons that are not well understood. We examined correlations between percentage of rural residents, commute times, food retail gap per capita, and body mass index (BMI) among North Carolina residents.MethodsWe used 2000 census data to determine each county's percentage of rural residents and 1990 and 2000 census data to obtain mean county-level commute times. We obtained county-level food retail gap per capita, defined as the difference between county-level food demand and county-level food sales in 2008, from the North Carolina Department of Commerce, and BMI data from the 2007 North Carolina Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. To examine county-level associations between BMI and percentage of rural residents, commute times, and food retail gap per capita, we used Pearson correlation coefficients. To examine cross-sectional associations between individual-level BMI (n = 9,375) and county-level commute times and food retail gap per capita, we used multilevel regression models.ResultsThe percentage of rural residents was positively correlated with commute times, food retail gaps, and county-level BMI. Individual-level BMI was positively associated with county-level commute times and food retail gaps.ConclusionsLonger commute times and greater retail gaps may contribute to the rural obesity disparity. Future research should examine these relationships longitudinally and should test community-level obesity prevention strategies.
Reimplantation of a Glenoid Component Following Component Removal and Allogenic Bone-Grafting (2007)

Reimplantation of a glenoid component into a previously grafted bed can provide pain relief for most patients, but motion cannot be reliably improved.
Calcium phosphate cements with strontium halides as radiopacifiers (2013)

High radiopacity is required to monitor the delivery and positioning of injectable implants. Inorganic nonsoluble radiopacifiers are typically used in nondegradable bone cements; however, their usefulness in resorbable cements is limited due to their low solubility. Strontium halides, except strontium fluoride, are ionic water-soluble compounds that possess potential as radiopacifiers. In this study, we compare the radiopacity, mechanical properties, composition, and cytotoxicity of radiopaque brushite cements prepared with strontium fluoride (SrF2 ), strontium chloride (SrCl2 ·6H2 O), strontium bromide (SrBr2 ), or strontium iodide (SrI2 ). Brushite cements containing 10 wt % SrCl2 ·6H2 O, SrBr2 , or SrI2 exhibited equal to or higher radiopacity than commercial radiopaque cements. Furthermore, the brushite crystal lattice in cements that contained the ionic radiopacifiers was larger than in unmodified cements and in cements that contained SrF2 , indicating strontium substitution. Despite the fact that the strontium halides increased the solubility of the cements and affected their mechanical properties, calcium phosphate cements containing SrCl2 ·6H2 O, SrBr2 , and SrI2 showed no significant differences in Saos-2 cell viability and proliferation with respect to the control. Strontium halides: SrCl2 ·6H2 O, SrBr2 , and SrI2 may be potential candidates as radiopacifiers in resorbable biomaterials although their in vivo biocompatibility, when incorporated into injectable implants, is yet to be assessed.
Conoscopic Television System (1989)

Conoscopic holography is a new principle which permits to record incoherent holograms in a simple and attractive way. The basic principle was first presented by G.SIRAT and Demetri PSALTIS.<sup>1,2</sup> The research is now pursued at ENST and a three dimensionnal (3D) machine vision based on this concept will be developped and industrialized by &quot;Le CONOSCOPE&quot;. The paper is organized as follow : first, we will briefly review the basic theory of conoscopic holography and explain its main originalities. In the second part, we describe the numerical algorithms under development which permit to retrieve the three dimensionnal image from its conoscopic hologram. In the last part we present the 3D machine vision that we are currently developing and give the main applications of such a system.
Light-induced high-spin state in ZnO nanoparticles (2019)

The effects of white-light irradiation on ∼15 nm diameter ZnO nanoparticles are investigated by means of electron paramagnetic resonance, near liquid-nitrogen and liquid-helium temperatures. Under dark conditions, usual core- and surface-defects are detected, respectively, at g = 1.960 and g = 2.003. Under white-light illumination, the core-defect signal intensity is strongly increased, which is to be correlated to the light-induced conductivity's augmentation. Beside, a four-lines structure appears, with the same gravity center as that of the surface defects. Simulations and intensity power-dependence measurements show that this four-line-structure is very likely to arise from a localized high spin S = 2, induced by light irradiation, and subjected to a weak axial anisotropy. At 85 K, this high-spin state can last several hours after the light-irradiation removal, probably due to highly spin-forbidden recombination process. The possible excited resonant complexes at the origin of this signal are discussed. Other light-induced S = 1/2-like centers are detected as well, which depend on the nanoparticles growth conditions.
Rapid identification of antibiotic resistance using droplet microfluidics (2016)

Culturing bacteria and monitoring bacterial cell growth is a critical issue when dealing with patients who present with bacterial infections. One of the main challenges that arises is the time taken to identify the particular strain of bacteria and consequently, decide the correct treatment. In the majority of cases, broad spectrum antibiotics are used to target infections when a narrow spectrum drug would be more appropriate. The efficient monitoring of bacterial growth and potential antibiotic resistance is necessary to identify the best treatment options for patients. Minturising the reactions into microfluidic droplets offers a novel method to rapidy analyze bacteria. Microfluidics facilitates low volume reactions that provide a unique system where each droplet reaction acts as an individual bioreactor. Here, we designed and built a novel platform that allowed us to create and monitor E.coli microfluidic droplet cultures. Optical capacity was built in and measurements of bacterial cultures were captured facilitating the continuous monitoring of individual reactions. The capacity of the instrument was demonstrated by the application of treatments to both bacteria and drug resistant strains of bacteria. We were able to detect responses within one hour in the droplet cultures, demonstrating the capacity of this workflow to the culture and rapid characterization of bacterial strains.
OffsampleAI: artificial intelligence approach to recognize off-sample mass spectrometry images (2020)

Overall, our work illustrates how artificial intelligence approaches enabled by open-access data, web technologies, and machine and deep learning open novel avenues to address long-standing challenges in imaging MS.
Multitasking with Play Write, a Mobile Microproductivity Writing Tool (2018)

Mobile devices offer people the opportunity to get useful tasks done during time previously thought to be unusable. Because mobile devices have small screens and are often used in divided attention scenarios, people are limited to using them for short, simple tasks; complex tasks like editing a document present significant challenges in this environment. In this paper we demonstrate how a complex task requiring focused attention can be adapted to the fragmented way people work while mobile by decomposing the task into smaller, simpler microtasks. We introduce Play Write, a microproductivity tool that allows people to edit Word documents from their phones via such microtasks. When participants used Play Write while simultaneously watching a video, we found that they strongly preferred its microtask-based editing approach to the traditional editing experience offered by Mobile Word. Play Write made participants feel more productive and less stressed, and they completed more edits with it. Our findings suggest microproductivity tools like Play Write can help people be productive in divided attention scenarios.
Tips and Tricks in the Management of Distal Radius Fractures. (2022)

Distal radius fractures are common. Volar plating is a valuable approach for many fractures. There are also difficult fractures that require careful attention to the exposure and technique for successful volar plating. Classic approaches, such as external fixation with additional percutaneous reduction and pinning or bone graft and fragment-specific fixation, remain valuable especially when volar plating is not applicable. The main objectives are to review the intricacies of volar plating and the use of external fixation with distal radius fractures. This also includes an understanding of the associated injuries that are present with these fractures and the expected outcome of these injuries relative to the distal radius fracture. First, the challenges with volar locked plating as well as many tips and tricks to help with reduction and stabilization of these fractures are reviewed. Second, the benefits and tips and tricks of external fixation are discussed. Finally, the management of common combined injuries with distal radius fractures is reviewed.
Wireless Intraocular Pressure Sensing Using Microfabricated Minimally Invasive Flexible-Coiled LC Sensor Implant (2010)

This paper presents an implant-based wireless pressure sensing paradigm for long-range continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring of glaucoma patients. An implantable parylene-based pressure sensor has been developed, featuring an electrical LC-tank resonant circuit for passive wireless sensing without power consumption on the implanted site. The sensor is microfabricated with the use of parylene C (poly-chloro-p-xylylene) to create a flexible coil substrate that can be folded for smaller physical form factor so as to achieve minimally invasive implantation, while stretched back without damage for enhanced inductive sensor-reader coil coupling so as to achieve strong sensing signal. A data-processed external readout method has also been developed to support pressure measurements. By incorporating the LC sensor and the readout method, wireless pressure sensing with 1-mmHg resolution in longer than 2-cm distance is successfully demonstrated. Other than extensive on-bench characterization, device testing through six-month chronic in vivo and acute ex vivo animal studies has verified the feasibility and efficacy of the sensor implant in the surgical aspect, including robust fixation and long-term biocompatibility in the intraocular environment. With meeting specifications of practical wireless pressure sensing and further reader development, this sensing methodology is promising for continuous, convenient, direct, and faithful IOP monitoring.
Modeling of 0.1-&#181;m MOSFET on SOI structure using Monte Carlo simulation technique (1986)

Simulation of a 0.1-µm MOSFET's characteristics using the Monte Carlo method is introduced in this paper. The studied device is a 0.1-µm MOSFET on an ultrathin nearly intrinsic SOI structure that is thought to be useful to suppress short-channel effects. To carry out the calculation, intravalley scattering with acoustic phonon and intervalley inelastic scattering have been taken into account in our model. Surface roughness scattering has also been considered in a particle manner using a classical model, which is a combination of both specular reflection and diffused scattering. In order to take the avalanche breakdown phenomena into account, a two-carrier many-particle Monte Carlo method has been used here. We proposed a new model for the impact ionization probability, and also for the velocity distribution of both the primary electron and the generated electron-hole pairs in this paper.
Quality assurance--a national commitment : proceedings of the conference, Minneapolis, Minnesota, October 5-8, 1997 (1997)

These proceedings, Quality Assurance-A national Commitment, consist of papers presented at the specialty conference of ASCE Annual Convention held in Minneapolis, MN, October 5-9, 1997. With increased awareness of sustainable development issues at the national and global levels, there are continuing efforts for the preservation of natural resources, ecosystems, and the environment, and also to enhance economic growth and human development. For the development and implementation of sustainable development programs, innovative civil engineering continues to play an important role in diversified areas, such as transportation, engineered materials, environmental management, landfills, dredging and disposal, and liability protection. Integrated quality assurance issues pertinent to these and other related areas are discussed in these proceedings.
Using cap-integral standoffs to reduce chip hot-spot temperatures in electronic packages (2003)

For high-power electronic packages, chip hot-spots and cross-chip temperature gradients represent a significant portion of the total thermal resistance from chip to ambient. This paper presents a technique of reducing the chip hot-spot temperatures using cap integral standoffs. The thermal benefit of the standoffs is shown experimentally and validated using thermal modeling. Thermal modeling is then extended to non-uniform power dissipation chips. Results show that the chip hot-spot temperature can be reduced by 5-10 /spl deg/C in a 100 W electronic package.
Presenilins Mutated at Asp-257 or Asp-385 Restore Pen-2 Expression and Nicastrin Glycosylation but Remain Catalytically Inactive in the Absence of Wild Type Presenilin (2003)

The Presenilins are part of the gamma-secretase complex that is involved in the regulated intramembrane proteolysis of amyloid precursor protein and other type I integral membrane proteins. Nicastrin, Pen-2, and Aph1 are the other proteins of this complex. The Presenilins probably contribute the catalytic activity to the protease complex. However, several investigators reported normal Abeta-peptide generation in cells expressing Presenilins mutated at the putative catalytic site residue Asp-257, contradicting this hypothesis. Because endogenously expressed wild type Presenilin could contribute to residual gamma-secretase activity in these experiments, we have reinvestigated the problem by expressing mutated Presenilins in a Presenilin-negative cell line. We confirm that Presenilins with mutated Asp residues are catalytically inactive. Unexpectedly, these mutated Presenilins are still partially processed into amino- and carboxyl-terminal fragments by a "Presenilinase"-like activity. They are also able to rescue Pen-2 expression and Nicastrin glycosylation in Presenilin-negative cells and become incorporated into large approximately 440-kDa complexes as assessed by blue native gel electrophoresis. Our study demonstrates that the catalytic activity of Presenilin and its other functions in the generation, stabilization, and transport of the gamma-secretase complex can be separated and extends the concept that Presenilins are multifunctional proteins.
Cardiac sarcoidosis detected by delayed-hyperenhancement magnetic resonance imaging. (2004)

We report the case of a patient with sarcoidosis and ventricular tachycardia in whom cardiac magnetic resonance imaging provided supportive evidence of cardiac involvement by delineating regions of myocardial inflammation and fibrosis inconsistent with ischemic injury. The identification of cardiac involvement in patients with sarcoidosis is problematic, and the true incidence is unknown. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging may help establish the actual incidence of cardiac involvement and allow further advances in monitoring and treatment options.
Phase I trial study of bendamustine, ofatumumab, and pentostatin (BOP) as salvage regimen for patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma or chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (2017)

e19005 Background: No standard salvage regimen exists for patients (pts) with relapsed or refractory (RR) NHL or CLL. Bendamustine, pentostatin and ofatumumab have activity in pts with CLL and NHL, but have not been combined as a single regimen. We conducted a phase I trial to assess the safety of this regimen. Methods: Pts with RR B-NHL or CLL were eligible. The design was a standard 3+3 using escalating doses of Bendamustine (50, 70, or 90 mg/m2 D1-2), Pentostatin (4 mg/m2 D1), and Ofatumumab (cycle 1: 300 mg D1; cycle 2-6: 1000 mg D2) every 28 days. Responses were assessed after cycle 3. Results: Ten pts were enrolled (6M/4F). Median age was 56 (range 37-65). Pts had follicular (FL) NHL (n = 2), CLL or SLL (n = 6), primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (PMBL) (n = 1), and extra-nodal marginal zone (MZL) NHL (n = 1). Pts had relapsed (n = 7) or refractory disease (n = 3) and received a median of 3 prior lines of therapy (range 1-4). Two CLL pts had high risk cytogenetics: 11p (n = 1) and 17p (n = 1). Most NHL pts (3/4) had stage 4 disease and all were refractory to rituximab. The ORR was 90% (PR = 5 pts: FL = 2, CLL/SLL = 3; CR = 4; CLL = 3, MZL = 1). One pt with PMBL progressed on treatment and died. One pt with CLL relapsed after 6 months. After a median follow up of 17 mo, the OS was 90% and PFS was 80%. Two pts (FL and CLL/SLL) subsequently underwent allogeneic stem cell transplant. DLT was not reached. Grade 3-4 toxicities included electrolyte imbalance (50%), neutropenia (30%), thrombocytopenia (30%), tumor lysis (20%), neutropenic fever (20%), and infusion reactions (10%). Common grade 1-2 toxicities were hyperglycemia (90%), thrombocytopenia (80%), nausea (80%), edema (80%), fatigue (80%) and neutropenia (70%). Conclusions: The BOP regimen is well tolerated and safe in pts with RR B-NHL or CLL. No DLT toxicity was reached at the highest bendamustine dose of 90mg/m2. Targeted therapies have largely supplanted the role of chemo-immunotherapy in the salvage setting. This trial was initiated in the pre-ibrutinib era and accrual to the planned phase II portion is on hold as pts now receive targeted therapy as salvage therapy. BOP might be an option for pts refractory to other strategies. Clinical trial information: NCT01352312.
Analysis of PLL clock jitter in high-speed serial links (2003)

We analyze the effects of transmitter and receiver phased-locked loop (PLL) phase noise, which translates to time-domain clock/data jitter, on the performance of high-speed transceivers. Analytical expressions are derived to incorporate both transmitter and receiver clock jitter into serial link operation. A method to calculate the worst-case noise margin degradation due to clock jitter is discussed in order to obviate impractical time-domain simulations. This analysis relies on the assumption that the channel is linear and time-invariant and, hence, can be characterized by an impulse response. A simple extension to equalized serial links is also presented. The analysis is verified through behavioral simulations using a realistic/measured channel model.
Highly reliable thick film solutions for power LEDs and electronics (2015)

This paper presents Thick Printed Copper (TPC) and Celcion® as thick film technologies for a broad spectrum of industrial applications, which feature a strongly improved reliability combined with a high degree of design freedom compared to the incumbent technologies. The advantages of TPC over Direct Bonded Copper (DBC) substrates will be demonstrated by thermal shock test results and a demonstration of the versatile design options. Concluding the power electronic section, a detailed review is given discussing the different copper to ceramic bonding mechanisms, which prevent void formation and are responsible for the excellent thermo-mechanical reliability. For LED applications Celcion® is demonstrated to have a superior thermal conductivity, which reduces the LED junction temperature under load by up to 10 °C. This allows for higher LED lifetimes and a reduction of heat sink size.
Estimation of rain height for slant-path attenuation prediction in tropical and equatorial climates (1991)

Radiosonde data were analyzed for 12 locations in Brazil to provide an estimation of the 0 degrees C isotherm height. Monthly and seasonal variations as well as the relationship between the 0 degrees C isotherm height and some ground meteorological parameters were examined. Also, the distribution of the 12 locations along the country permitted an evaluation of the latitudinal variations of the 0 degrees C isotherm height. In addition to the radiosonde data, radiometric measurements carried out at Belem, Manaus and Rio de Janeiro provided slant-path rain attenuation distributions which were used together with CCIR current prediction methods in order to estimate the equivalent rain height h/sub R/. Values thus obtained were then compared with the 0 degrees C isotherm height.
Potential determinants of low circulating glucagon‐like peptide 2 concentrations in Zambian children with non‐responsive stunting (2023)

Nutrient sensing determines digestive and hormonal responses following nutrient ingestion. We have previously reported decreased levels of glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) in children with stunting. Here we demonstrate the presence of enteroendocrine cells in stunted children and explore potential pathways that may be involved in reduced circulating levels of GLP-2. At the time of performing diagnostic endoscopies for non-responsive stunted children, intestinal biopsies were collected for immunofluorescence staining of enteroendocrine cells and transcriptomic analysis. Circulating levels of GLP-2 were also measured and correlated with transcriptomic data. An exploratory genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted on DNA samples (n = 158) to assess genetic contribution to GLP-2 variability. Intestinal tissue sections collected from non-responsive stunted children stained positive for chromogranin A (88/89), alongside G-protein-coupled receptors G-protein receptor 119 (75/87), free fatty acid receptor 3 (76/89) and taste 1 receptor 1 (39/45). Transcriptomic analysis found three pathways correlated with circulating GLP-2: sugar metabolism, epithelial transport, and barrier function, which likely reflect downstream events following receptor-ligand interaction. GWAS analysis revealed potential genetic contributions to GLP-2 half-life and receptor binding. Enteroendocrine cell loss was not identified in stunted Zambian children as has been observed for goblet and Paneth cells. Transcriptomic analysis suggests that GLP-2 has pleiotrophic actions on the intestinal mucosa in malnutrition, but further work is needed to dissect pathways leading to perturbations in nutrient sensing.
A comprehensive design approach for a three-phase high-frequency single-switch discontinuous-mode boost power factor corrector based on analytically derived normalized converter component ratings (2002)

The peak, mean, and RMS values of the component currents of a three-phase single-switch discontinuous inductor current mode boost rectifier are calculated analytically. The values are given in rated form as a function of the output power and the ratio of output voltage to the amplitude of the mains voltage. The influence of the voltage transfer ratio on the shape of the mains currents and on the power factor of the system is analyzed. The theoretical analysis is verified by digital simulation, and good agreement is found. The approach of the converter dimensioning based on a graphical representation of the calculation results is described and illustrated using an example.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>