gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A parametric analysis of embedded tissue marker properties and their effect on the accuracy of displacement measurements (2021)

Datasets obtained from cadaveric experimentation are broadly used in the validation of finite element models of head injury. Due to the complexity of such measurements in soft tissues, experimentalists have relied on tissue-embedded radiographic or sonomicrometry tracking markers to resolve the motion of the tissue due to impulsive loads. Dynamic coupling of markers with the surrounding tissue has been a previous concern, yet a thorough sensitivity investigation of marker influences on tissue deformation has not been broadly discussed. Technological improvements to measurement precision have bolstered confidence in acquired data, however precision is often conflated with accuracy; the inclusion of markers in the tissue may alter its natural response, resulting in a loss of accuracy associated with an altered displacement field. To gain an understanding of how marker properties may influence the measured response to impact, we prepared a set of nine marker designs using a Taguchi L9 array to investigate marker design choice sensitivity. Each of these designs was cast into a block of tissue simulant an subjected to repeated drop tests. Vertical displacement was measured and compared to the response of the neat material, which contained massless tracking markers. The best performing markers had both a medium density and medium stiffness. The results provide some design guidelines that indicate the importance of maintaining marker:matrix density ratio below 1.75 and marker stiffness below 1.0~MPa to minimize marker interference in tissue deformation. Overall, embedded marker properties must be considered when measuring the dynamic response of tissue.
Design of Reduced Order State Space Controllers With Adaptive Limiting Functions for Industrial Twin Shaft Gas Turbines (2006)

The designs of model-based state space controllers for industrial twin shaft gas turbines, presented at last year’s conference [1], were enhanced by a limiting function for selected state variables. In order to avoid the disadvantages of common controller concepts involving abrupt structural changes, the limitation was realised by a parameter-variant state space controller. To reduce the sensitivity of the full state space controller to parameter changes, a reduced order controller was developed, taking into account only the dominant state variables of the system. As in previously presented designs, a PI state space controller was designed for the reduced system using the pole placement method. Subsequently, this reduced controller was adapted to the original nonlinear system. With appropriate pole placements for the reduced order state space controller, a high quality of control, comparable to the behaviour of a full state space controller, can be obtained. The resulting controller also shows a reduced sensitivity to variations of the feedback parameters. The intended state variable limitation of the original nonlinear system to defined thresholds has been achieved by applying floating functions between different controller parameter sets.
Metallurgical Design of Ultra-High Strength Steels For Gas Pipelines (2003)

This paper describes the metallurgical science used to develop a new, weldable, high-strength linepipe (X120) for the transport of natural gas. A domain-based microstructure design has been used to ensure ductile fracture behavior at temperatures down to −20°C. Ultra refinement involving careful chemistry design and thermomechanical controlled processing (TMCP) produced fine domains below about 2 m within prior austenite pancakes below about 6 m in thickness. To achieve the target properties in the pipe body, seam weld and girth weld heat-affected zones (HAZ), 3 low-carbon microstructure designs have been produced. Low-carbon chemistry and Nb/V micro-alloying combined with boron additions were used to impart sufficient HAZ cold cracking resistance and to limit softening in the seam weld HAZ. Both the lower bainite and the dual-phase microstructures provided superior property combinations. INTRODUCTION Natural gas is an increasingly attractive energy source, but major reserves are often remotely located from potential markets. While high operating pressures and/or thin-wall pipes are a means to reduce gas transmission costs, conventional steels typically lack sufficient strength. To address these challenges, a significant advance in steel-making and plate-manufacturing technology is necessary. This paper describes the metallurgical design basis for X120-grade pipeline steel for low-temperature service, including Arctic environments. Over the past 30 years, the trend toward increased transportation efficiency has largely been achieved by increasing the diameter of pipelines. Currently, large systems that are installed on land consist of 1420-mm–diameter (56-in) pipe operating at pressures in the range between 70 and 100 bar (1015− 1450 psi). In such *ISOPE Member. Now at Chiba Institute of Technology. Received August 18, 2003; revised manuscript received by the editors January 22, 2004. The original version (prior to the final revised manuscript) was presented at the ISOPE Symposium on HighPerformance Materials in Offshore Industry, the 13th International Offshore and Polar Engineering Conference (ISOPE-2003), Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, May 25–30, 2003.
Thermal Effects on the Single-Mode Regime of Distributed Modal Filtering Rod Fiber (2012)

Power scaling of fiber laser systems requires the development of innovative active fibers, capable of providing high pump absorption, ultralarge effective area, high-order mode suppression, and resilience to thermal effects. Thermally induced refractive index change has been recently appointed as one major limitation to the achievable power, causing degradation of the modal properties and preventing to obtain stable diffraction-limited output beam. In this paper, the effects of thermally induced refractive index change on the guiding properties of a double-cladding distributed modal filtering rod-type photonic crystal fiber, which exploits resonant coupling with high-index elements to suppress high-order modes, are thoroughly investigated. A computationally efficient model has been developed to calculate the refractive index change due to the thermo-optical effect, and it has been integrated into a full-vector modal solver based on the finite-element method to obtain the guided modes, considering different heating conditions. Results have shown that the single-mode regime of the distributed modal filtering fiber is less sensitive to thermal effects with respect to index-guiding fibers with the same effective area. In fact, as the pump power is increased, their single-mode regime is preserved, being only blue-shifted in wavelength.
Development of TMCP Type Alloy625/X65 Clad Steel Plate for Pipe (2014)

Demand for CRAs (Corrosion Resistant Alloys) clad steel is getting increased for pipeline application of oil and gas industry because of economic advantage over solid CRAs. CRAs clad steel consists of a CRAs layer for corrosion resistance and a carbon steel for mechanical properties. Nickel based Alloy625 is known to be suitable for harsh environmental condition such as high temperature and high pressure H2S (hydrogen sulfide) condition. In this paper, the corrosion resistance of Alloy625/X65 clad steel plate for pipe produced by TMCP (Thermo-Mechanical Control Process) was investigated. TTP (Time - Temperature - Precipitation) and TTS (Time - Temperature - Sensitization) diagram of Alloy625 indicated precipitation nose, e.g. M6C and M23C6 which would cause deterioration of corrosion resistance. TMCP enable Alloy625 to avoid long time exposure to the precipitation nose. In Huey test, the corrosion rate in TMCP was almost the same as that of solution treated Alloy625 and smaller than that in Q-T (Quench and Temper). In ferric chloride pitting test, no pitting was observed in Alloy625 layer of TMCP type clad steel. In addition, the corrosion test simulating service environment using autoclave apparatus was conducted under the condition of 0.39MPa H2S - 0.53MPa CO2 - Cl− solution at 200°C. Alloy625 clad steel produced by TMCP showed neither SSC (Sulfide stress corrosion cracking) nor crevice corrosion. All the mechanical properties of base carbon steel satisfied API 5L grade X65 specification by optimizing TMCP conditions. It is notable that 85% SATT of DWTT was below −10 °C. Thus, Alloy625/X65 clad steel plate for pipe produced by TMCP with both superior corrosion resistance and low temperature toughness has been developed.
Molecular Origins of Toughness in Polymers (2020)

This chapter discusses the molecular origins of toughness in polymeric systems. The mechanical properties of materials are of great importance in engineering applications. When a mechanical force is applied to a specimen, the deformation of the specimen is described in terms of its stress—strain behavior. The description of the mechanical properties of polymeric systems manifesting supramolecular organization is only at a molecular level when considering the properties of its components. There are significant differences between the small-strain and the large-strain behavior of polymers. Many types of polymeric systems manifest supramolecular organization, such as semicrystalline polymers, polymers filled with a particulate or fiber-reinforcing component, and blends, block copolymers, or graft copolymers of immiscible components. A major effort was made to account simultaneously for the temperature and the strain rate dependence of the yield stress. The determination of simple but reliable structure-property relationships for the crazing stress is another major challenge for future work.
Targeting CDK4/6 and the Cell Cycle in Combination with Bortezomib in the 5T33MM Myeloma Model. (2007)

Abstract Multiple myeloma (MM) is ultimately fatal in part because no effective cell cycle-based therapy has been available to control tumor cell proliferation. Loss of cell cycle control in MM cells stems from coordinated deregulation of Cdk4-cyclin D1 or Cdk6 (Cdk4)-cyclin D2. PD 0332991 is the first orally bioactive small molecule that potently and specifically inhibits Cdk4 and Cdk6. It represents a promising cell cycle-based therapy for myeloma owing to its ability to potently inhibit Cdk4/6 and induce G1 cell cycle arrest in primary human myeloma cells in BM stromal cell co-cultures and to control tumor progression in a xenograft model. However, the efficacy of PD 0332991 in the presence of an intact immune system is unknown. To optimize therapeutic targeting of Cdk4/6 with PD 0332991, we investigated the effectiveness of PD 0332991 in inhibiting Cdk4/6 and controlling myeloma tumor progression in the immunocompetent, bone migrating 5T33MM model. By quantitative real-time PCR analysis, we found that these myeloma cells express a normal plasma cell transcription program such as upregulated Blimp-1 and loss of Bcl-6 expression. However, they proliferate aggressively due to Cdk4 overexpression and impaired p27Kip1 expression, thereby mimicking relapse disease in human myeloma. PD 0332991 potently inhibits Cdk4/6 phosphorylation of Rb in primary 5T33MM cells and induces G1 cell cycle arrest, both in vivo and ex vivo. Accordingly, treatment with PD 0332991 significantly prolongs the survival of tumor-induced 5T33MM mice; a mean of 35 days in the PD 0332991-treated group (N=9) versus 25 days in the vehicle-treated group (N=9, p&amp;lt; 0.003). These findings demonstrate for the first time that PD 0332991 targets Cdk4/6 and controls tumor expansion in the presence of an intact immune system. To further optimize Cdk4/6 targeting in MM, we combined PD 0332991 with bortezomib, a cytotoxic drug widely used in MM treatment. Pretreatment of 5T33MMvt cells with PD 0332991 for 48 hours markedly augmented bortezomib killing, to the same level of twice the dose of bortezomib when it was used alone. These studies of PD 0332991 in the immunocompetent 5T33MM model demonstrate that, as a consequence of Cdk4/6 inhibition and induction of G1 arrest, PD 0332991 sensitizes MM cells to killing by a cytotoxic agent. Targeting Cdk4/6 in combination therapy, therefore, represents a novel and promising strategy for myeloma treatment.
Photoresists with precisely controlled molecular weight, composition and sequence (2023)

One of the major challenges to lithography today is minimizing the consequences of stochastics, that is, the effect of statistical differences in photoresist structure and the distribution of additives, such as photo active compounds, in the photoresist. Most polymer photoresists due to their method of production will have large differences between polymer chains in molecular weight, composition, and sequence due to the nature of polymer synthesis. However, there exist methods of polymer formation that make uniform composition polymers such a homopolymers made using living polymerization. We discuss scissionable poly(phthalaldehyde)s as one example of a low stochastics photoresist. Using another method originally developed for the biological community we make polymers in which molecular weight, composition and sequence are identical in all polymer chains produced. Here we thus describe studies of polypeptoids, synthetic analogs of peptides, which have no chirality and in which the substituents are placed on the backbone nitrogen. The peptoids are produced as chemically amplified photoresists and are intended for study as EUV materials. To produce a CAR with aqueous base development using this hydrophilic backbone we have successfully learned how to make a more hydrophobic patterning system with Tg &gt;100 &deg;C. With our ability to control of sequence we have started to explore the effect that monomer placement has on lithographic performance and found that indeed sequence does play an important role. Sequences of solubility switch groups, adhesive, etch resistant and hydrophobic groups have been studied. Using e-beam lithography we have recently demonstrated sub-30 nm resolution.
Automated fault location and diagnosis on electric power distribution feeders (1997)

This paper presents new techniques for locating and diagnosing faults on electric power distribution feeders. The proposed fault location and diagnosis scheme is capable of accurately identifying the location of a fault upon its occurrence, based on the integration of information available from disturbance recording devices with knowledge contained in a distribution feeder database. The developed fault location and diagnosis system can also be applied to the investigation of temporary faults that may not result in a blown fuse. The proposed fault location algorithm is based on the steady-state analysis of the faulted distribution network. To deal with the uncertainties inherent in the system modeling and the phasor estimation, the fault location algorithm has been adapted to estimate fault regions based on probabilistic modeling and analysis. Since the distribution feeder is a radial network, multiple possibilities of fault locations could be computed with measurements available only at the substation. To identify the actual fault location, a fault diagnosis algorithm has been developed to prune down and rank the possible fault locations by integrating the available pieces of evidence. Testing of the developed fault location and diagnosis system using field data has demonstrated its potential for practical use.
Abstract A53: Bayesian Network Inference Modeling Reveals Novel Regulators of Cell Cycle Progression and Survival (2012)

Abstract Molecular networks governing responses to targeted therapies in cancer cells are complex dynamic systems that demonstrate non-intuitive behaviors. We applied a novel computational strategy to decipher causal relationships between signaling network components. Gene networks were constructed from global gene expression profiles to model G1-S cell cycle arrest as a consequence of inhibition of MEK, a key component of the oncogenic RAF-MEK-ERK signal transduction pathway. Simulation of causally driven models generated a ranked list of 12 testable hypotheses, which confirmed role of known cell cycle regulators (CCND1, CCNE2, and CDC25A) and identified novel drivers of G1-S transition (IER2, TRIB1, C14ORF133). Validation confirmed 11 out 12 predictions. Second model which inferred causal relationships between genes lead to discovery of TRIB1 (tribbles homolog of Drosophila) as a regulator of NFkB-dependent gene expression. TRIB1 also mediates cross-talk to the NFκB pathway by enhancing p100 and IκBα-phosphorylation and degradation thus regulating cell survival and expression of cytokines crucial for tumor-stroma interaction. In agreement with this, knock-down of TRIB1 results in induction of apoptosis and sensitizes cells to cell killing induced by the death-receptor agonist TRAIL via upregulation of TRAIL receptor, DR5. Thus TRIB1 is a central regulator of cell cycle and survival and represents a potential therapeutic target. Therefore, applying REFS (Reverse Engineering Forward Simulation) to analyze gene expression profiles maximizes our ability to extract knowledge from experimental data.
Expression, modification, and localization of the fushi tarazu protein in Drosophila embryos. (1988)

The fushi tarazu (ftz) protein of Drosophila is required during embryogenesis for the process of body segmentation. To study the biochemical properties of the ftz protein, ftz cDNA was expressed in Escherichia coli and the protein was purified to homogeneity. Polyclonal antibodies raised against the purified protein were used to localize and quantitate the protein during embryogenesis. Three temporally and spatially distinct phases of expression were observed, which include a previously undetected period later in embryogenesis. During this last phase, the protein is localized predominantly in the developing hindgut. Analysis of embryonic ftz protein on Western blots permitted us to approximate the number of protein molecules per nucleus. During the blastoderm phase of development, when ftz protein is most abundant, we estimate that there are approximately 20,000 molecules of protein per ftz-expressing nucleus. The embryonic ftz protein migrates more slowly on SDS-polyacrylamide gels than protein made either in E. coli or in a reticulocyte lysate system in vitro, indicating that it is modified in the embryo. To facilitate characterization of ftz protein made in embryos, an ftz overexpression system functional in Drosophila was developed. When fused to an hsp70 heat shock promoter and introduced into the germ line by P-element-mediated transformation, ftz could be overexpressed at all stages of development by heat shock. This protein is localized in the nucleus comigrates on SDS-polyacrylamide gels with endogenous ftz protein. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by Western blotting resolves the overexpressed protein into a series of isoforms that differ in charge and electrophoretic mobility. Post-translational modification may influence the biochemical properties and functions of the ftz protein during embryogenesis.
Suppression of the parasitic modes in CPW discontinuities using MCM-D technology-application to a novel 3-dB power splitter (1998)

In this paper, a new method for the suppression of the parasitic modes in the coplanar waveguide (CPW)-based microwave circuits is presented. The proposed method replaces the costly and mechanically unstable air-bridges, It uses tunnels (bridges) running below (above) the CPW and isolated from it using a thin film layer. This method is convenient for MCM-D technology in which thin films are deposited over the substrate to support the required interconnects. The method is applied to the band reject filter presented in an earlier paper by Rittweger et al. (1991) and compared with the case of air-bridges. The effects of the tunnel parameters on the filter performance are presented and discussed. The new suppression mechanism is also applied on a novel 3-dB power splitter. Experimental and theoretical results of the new power splitter are presented and compared. The agreement between theory and measurements ensures the efficiency of the proposed suppression mechanism.
Evidence for Bulk Ripplocations in Layered Solids (2016)

Plastically anisotropic/layered solids are ubiquitous in nature and understanding how they deform is crucial in geology, nuclear engineering, microelectronics, among other fields. Recently, a new defect termed a ripplocation-best described as an atomic scale ripple-was proposed to explain deformation in two-dimensional solids. Herein, we leverage atomistic simulations of graphite to extend the ripplocation idea to bulk layered solids, and confirm that it is essentially a buckling phenomenon. In contrast to dislocations, bulk ripplocations have no Burgers vector and no polarity. In graphite, ripplocations are attracted to other ripplocations, both within the same, and on adjacent layers, the latter resulting in kink boundaries. Furthermore, we present transmission electron microscopy evidence consistent with the existence of bulk ripplocations in Ti3SiC2. Ripplocations are a topological imperative, as they allow atomic layers to glide relative to each other without breaking the in-plane bonds. A more complete understanding of their mechanics and behavior is critically important, and could profoundly influence our current understanding of how graphite, layered silicates, the MAX phases, and many other plastically anisotropic/layered solids, deform and accommodate strain.
Study on electronic structure of CaTiO3by spectroscopic measurements and energy band calculations (1999)

The electronic structure of CaTiO3 was experimentally examined by x-ray and ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy, bremsstrahlung isochromat spectroscopy (BIS) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy. The photoemission spectra and BIS spectra were compared with the partial density of states (PDOS) estimated by an energy band calculation for a fundamental interpretation of the experimental spectra. The calculated PDOS were in reasonable agreement with the experimental energy spectra and the features in the spectra were interpreted by a comparison of the spectra with the PDOS. It was concluded that the top of the valence band mainly consists of O 2p orbitals in non-bonding states and the bottom of the conduction band is composed of Ti 3d orbitals in d-p* anti-bonding states.
Associated Bacteria of Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psyllidae:Diaphorina citri) (2011)

Psyllids, specifically Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), are economically important in the U.S. as vectors of the pathogen associated with citrus greening disease (Huanglongbing). Huanglongbing is one of the most severe diseases of citrus crops worldwide and is associated with psyllid-transmitted ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’. The microbiome of the Asian citrus psyllid was investigated; we analyzed Eubacterial 16S rDNA amplified from adults, eggs, and cell cultures. The nucleotide sequences showed significant homologies to 10 distinct types of bacteria. The four bacteria species detected in cell cultures identified two new types not previously reported to be associated with psyllids. Staphylococcus is a common enteric bacterium; these data support finding a type I strain which is similar. Another related to Methylocystis heyeri is a bacterium typically isolated from acidic environments that has been shown to utilize methane as the sole source of carbon and energy. Psyllid cell cultures are at a slightly acidic pH of ∼6.48, with the cultures derived from a diverse set of tissues that may include enteric tissues. These associated microbes of Asian citrus psyllid provide new insights into microbial interactions and avenues for developing novel management approaches against the pathogenic bacteria associated with Huanglongbing.