gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FLASH vs. (Simulated) FLASH (2000)

Simulation is the primary method for evaluating computer systems during all phases of the design process. One significant problem with simulation is that it rarely models the system exactly, and quantifying the resulting simulator error can be difficult. More importantly, architects often assume without proof that although their simulator may make inaccurate absolute performance predictions, it will still accurately predict architectural trends.This paper studies the source and magnitude of error in a range of architectural simulators by comparing the simulated execution time of several applications and microbenchmarks to their execution time on the actual hardware being modeled. The existence of a hardware gold standard allows us to find, quantify, and fix simulator inaccuracies. We then use the simulators to predict architectural trends and analyze the sensitivity of the results to the simulator configuration. We find that most of our simulators predict trends accurately, as long as they model all of the important performance effects for the application in question. Unfortunately, it is difficult to know what these effects are without having a hardware reference, as they can be quite subtle. This calls into question the value, for architectural studies, of highly detailed simulators whose characteristics are not carefully validated against s real hardware design.
A practical approach to spectral volume rendering (2005)

To make a spectral representation of color practicable for volume rendering, a new low-dimensional subspace method is used to act as the carrier of spectral information. With that model, spectral light material interaction can be integrated into existing volume rendering methods at almost no penalty. In addition, slow rendering methods can profit from the new technique of postillumination-generating spectral images in real-time for arbitrary light spectra under a fixed viewpoint. Thus, the capability of spectral rendering to create distinct impressions of a scene under different lighting conditions is established as a method of real-time interaction. Although we use an achromatic opacity in our rendering, we show how spectral rendering permits different data set features to be emphasized or hidden as long as they have not been entirely obscured. The use of postillumination is an order of magnitude faster than changing the transfer function and repeating the projection step. To put the user in control of the spectral visualization, we devise a new widget, a "light-dial," for interactively changing the illumination and include a usability study of this new light space exploration tool. Applied to spectral transfer functions, different lights bring out or hide specific qualities of the data. In conjunction with postillumination, this provides a new means for preparing data for visualization and forms a new degree of freedom for guided exploration of volumetric data sets.
Developing a Superplastic Forming Capability in Nanometals (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Measurement of Antiproton Production in p−He Collisions at sNN=110  GeV (2018)

The cross section for prompt antiproton production in collisions of protons with an energy of 6.5 TeV incident on helium nuclei at rest is measured with the LHCb experiment from a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.5 nb^{-1}. The target is provided by injecting helium gas into the LHC beam line at the LHCb interaction point. The reported results, covering antiproton momenta between 12 and 110 GeV/c, represent the first direct determination of the antiproton production cross section in p-He collisions, and impact the interpretation of recent results on antiproton cosmic rays from space-borne experiments.
NMR Quantum Information Processing and Entanglement (2001)

In this essay we discuss the issue of quantum information and recent nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. We explain why these experiments should be regarded as quantum information processing (QIP) despite the fact that, in present liquid state NMR experiments, no entanglement is found. We comment on how these experiments contribute to the future of QIP and include a brief discussion on the origin of the power of quantum computers.
On Heterogeneous Networks Mobility Robustness (2013)

Heterogeneous network 3GPP LTE deployments are considered as a prime candidate to meet increasing demand for mobile broadband service coverage and capacity. Such deployments also need to support mobility that is as robust as in traditional macro deployments. In this paper, we analyze the handover performance in heterogeneous deployments to better understand potential behavior of automatic handover parameter adjustments. Such a Self-Organizing Network (SON) feature is commonly known as Mobility Robustness Optimization (MRO). The analyses indicate difficult challenges with handovers from low power to high power base stations, and an evolved handover procedure that improves the user experience during such times is presented. These results are key for developing an MRO algorithm for heterogeneous networks.
IMMOBILIZATION OF ANTIBODIES ON SOLID-STATE SURFACES WITH CONTROLLED ORIENTATION USING ELECTRIC FIELD (2013)

Controlled immobilization of proteins on solid-state surfaces can play an important role in enhancing the sensitivity of both affinity based biosensors and probe-free sensing platforms. Here we present a novel method of tunably controlling the immobilization of proteins on a solid-state surface using electric field. Our study demonstrates that the use of electric field can result in up to 40X enhancement in signal to noise ratio compared to normal physical adsorption . We used atomic force microscopy to verify that the application of electric field results in modulation of the orientation of antibodies during immobilization.
Sn-Beta catalysed conversion of hemicellulosic sugars (2012)

Conversions of various pentoses and hexoses into methyl lactate has been demonstrated for the Sn-Beta catalyst. It is found that pentoses are converted to methyl lactate in slightly lower yields (∼40%) than what is obtained for hexoses (∼50%), but higher yields of glycolaldehyde dimethyl acetal are observed for the pentoses. This finding is in accordance to a reaction pathway that involves the retro aldol condensation of the sugars to form a triose and glycolaldehyde for the pentoses, and two trioses for hexoses. When reacting glycolaldehyde (formally a C2-sugar) in the presence of Sn-Beta, aldol condensation occurs, leading to the formation of methyl lactate, methyl vinylglycolate and methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybutanoate. In contrast, when converting the sugars in water at low temperatures (100 °C), Sn-Beta catalyses the isomerisation of sugars (ketose–aldose epimers), rather than the formation of lactates.
Direct-current and radio-frequency characterizations of GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors enabled by self-assembled nanodielectrics (2007)

Direct-current and radio-frequency characterizations of GaAs metal-insulator-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFETs) with very thin self-assembled organic nanodielectrics (SANDs) are presented. The application of SAND on compound semiconductors offers unique opportunities for high-performance devices. Thus, 1μm gate-length depletion-mode n-channel SAND/GaAs MISFETs exhibit low gate leakage current densities of 10−2–10−5A∕cm2, a maximum drain current of 260mA∕mm at 2V forward gate bias, and a maximum intrinsic transconductance of 127mS∕mm. These devices achieve a current cutoff frequency (fT) of 10.6GHz and a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 6.9GHz. Nearly hysteresis-free Ids-Vgs characteristics and low flicker noise indicate that a high-quality SAND-GaAs interface is achieved.
Cross Reactive Material 197 glycoconjugate vaccines contain privileged conjugation sites (2016)

Production of glycoconjugate vaccines involves the chemical conjugation of glycans to an immunogenic carrier protein such as Cross-Reactive-Material-197 (CRM197). Instead of using glycans from natural sources recent vaccine development has been focusing on the use of synthetically defined minimal epitopes. While the glycan is structurally defined, the attachment sites on the protein are not. Fully characterized conjugates and batch-to-batch comparisons are the key to eventually create completely defined conjugates. A variety of glycoconjugates consisting of CRM197 and synthetic oligosaccharide epitopes was characterised using mass spectrometry techniques. The primary structure was assessed by combining intact protein MALDI-TOF-MS, LC-MALDI-TOF-MS middle-down and LC-ESI-MS bottom-up approaches. The middle-down approach on CNBr cleaved glycopeptides provided almost complete sequence coverage, facilitating rapid batch-to-batch comparisons, resolving glycan loading and identification of side products. Regions close to the N- and C-termini were most efficiently conjugated.
0.13μm 210GHz f/sub T/ SiGe HBTs - expanding the horizons of SiGe BiCMOS (2005)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation. SiGe BiCMOS is in its fourth lithographic generation since introduction of the 0.5μm. The key component is the SiGebase HBT whose performance (f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> , f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MAX</sub> ) is improved to >200GHz in the 0.13μm generation. Evolution and future directions of SiGe BiCMOS technology and product applications are reviewed. See also digest page 180.
The role of reverse genetics systems in studying viral hemorrhagic fevers (2005)

Viral hemorrhagic fever (VHF) is an infectious syndrome in humans often associated with high fatality rates. For most VHFs there are no specific and effective therapies or vaccines available and, in general, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the biology and pathogenesis of the causative agents. Therefore, a more detailed understanding of the molecular basis of VHF pathogenesis, including the identification of viral virulence determinants and host interactions and responses, will be important to enhance our ability to control VHF infections. The recently developed "reverse genetics systems" for several VHF causing viruses have allowed the generation of infectious viruses from cloned cDNA and thus, the generation of virus mutants. Here we review the existing reverse genetics systems for VHF causing viruses and discuss their use in studying viral replication, pathogenesis, and the development of antivirals and vaccines.
A Misalignment-Tolerant Series-Hybrid Wireless EV Charging System With Integrated Magnetics (2018)

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular as a mean of mitigating issues associated with fossil fuel consumption in transportation systems. A wireless inductive power transfer (IPT) interface between EV and the utility grid has several key advantages, such as safety, convenience, and isolation. However, physical misalignments between the pads of IPT charging systems used in EVs are unavoidable and cause variations in key system parameters, significantly increasing losses and affecting power throughput. This paper presents a novel series-hybrid topology in which the series inductors of the primary and pick-up inductor-capacitor-inductor (LCL) networks are integrated into polarized magnetic couplers to improve the system performance under pad misalignment. A mathematical model is developed to investigate the behavior of the proposed system under misalignment. To demonstrate the viability of the proposed method, the results of a 3.3-kW prototype series-hybrid IPT system are presented, benchmarked against a conventional IPT system. Experimental results clearly indicate that the proposed system maintains the output power within ±5% of its rated power despite the pad misalignment. The proposed system is efficient, reliable, and cost effective in comparison to conventional LCL- and CL-compensated IPT systems.
Novel Amphiphilic Network Polymers Consisting of Polar, Short Primary Polymer Chains and Nonpolar, Long Cross-link Units Obtained by Free-Radical Cross-linking Monomethacrylate/Dimethacrylate Copolymerizations (2003)

Solution copolymerizations of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), a polar monomer having a hydroxyl group, with 5 mol % (corresponding to 35.7 wt %) heneicosapropylene glycol dimethacrylate (PPGDMA-21), a nonpolar monomer having a poly(oxypropylene) unit, were carried out in MeOH at a dilution of 2/3 in the presence of different amounts of lauryl mercaptan as a chain transfer agent, providing novel amphiphilic vinyl-type network polymers consisting of polar, short primary polymer chains and nonpolar, long cross-link units. The vinyl-type network polymers formed via highly branched prepolymers have abundant dangling chains as their characteristic feature, especially when the primary polymer chain length is short, because both terminal parts of primary polymer chain would be dangling chains. The amphiphilicity of the resulting gels was checked by measuring their swelling ratios in the mixed solvents consisting of nonpolar tert-butylbenzene (t-BB) and polar MeOH; thus, with an increase in the MeOH volume percent, the gels shrank to the smallest swelling ratio at the start point (i.e., in pure t-BB), swelled gradually and then rather sharply beyond 20 vol %, reached the maximum swelling at about 70 vol %, and then shrank gradually up to a rather high swelling ratio at the terminal (i.e., in pure MeOH). The profiles of the solvent component dependencies of the swelling ratios are characteristic of novel amphiphilic gels. The conversion dependency of the characteristic swelling behavior suggests that the response of the gel obtained at an earlier stage of gelation was sharper than that of the gel obtained at a late stage of gelation. The influence of H2O on the characteristic swelling behavior of resulting amphiphilic gels was examined by measuring their swelling ratios in the mixed solvents consisting of MeOH/H2O or acetone/H2O in order to collect information about the role of cross-link units on the swelling behavior of amphiphilic gel.
Difference in TB10.4 T‐cell epitope recognition following immunization with recombinant TB10.4, BCG or infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2010)

Most novel vaccines against infectious diseases are based on recombinant Ag; however, only few studies have compared Ag-specific immune responses induced by natural infection with that induced by the same Ag in a recombinant form. Here, we studied the epitope recognition pattern of the tuberculosis vaccine Ag, TB10.4, in a recombinant form, or when expressed by the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), or by the current anti-tuberculosis vaccine, Mycobacterium bovis BCG. We showed that BCG and M.tb induced a similar CD4+ T-cell specific TB10.4 epitope-pattern, which differed completely from that induced by recombinant TB10.4. This difference was not due to post-translational modifications of TB10.4 or because TB10.4 is secreted from BCG and M.tb as a complex with Rv0287. In addition, BCG and TB10.4/CAF01 were both taken up by DC and macrophages in vivo, and in vitro uptake experiments revealed that both TB10.4 and BCG were transported to Lamp+-compartments. BCG and TB10.4 however, were directed to different types of Lamp+-compartments in the same APC, which may lead to different epitope recognition patterns. In conclusion, we show that different vectors can induce completely different recognition of the same protein.
AB007. SOH21AS120. A single centre retrospective review of the current management of gynaecomastia (2021)

Background: Increasing numbers of men are being referred to breast services for investigation and management of gynaecomastia (GM). The vast majority of GM is either idiopathic or has a benign aetiology, but male breast cancer needs to be excluded. The aim of this study was to identify the investigative outcomes of GM referrals, and to balance the identification of new pathological findings against expensive and time-consuming investigations.Methods: We identified all new GM referrals to the breast service in St. Vincent’s University Hospital between March 2019–March 2020. GM evaluation and management was audited against the European Academy of Andrology clinical practice guidelines. Radiological and laboratory investigations were interrogated, and chart review analyses performed in order to identify the likely cause of GM. Costings for blood tests and radiological investigations were obtained.Results: A total of 111 patients were referred with GM. Following primary consultation 68 (61%) patients were referred for mammography and/or ultrasonography. Clinicians were confident in a clinical diagnosis in the remaining 43 patients. Of the cohort radiologically investigated, 1 (1.5%) invasive ductal carcinoma, 51 (75%) GM, and 7 (10%) lipomas were identified. Fifty-three patients (48%) underwent laboratory investigations. Four patients (7.5%) had new diagnostic findings (hypogonadism, hyperprolactinaemia, hypoestrogenism, and elevated alpha fetoprotein). These patients are currently awaiting further radiological investigations. The average cost of investigations was €223.85 per patient, totalling €18,131.85.Conclusions: Investigation of GM rarely led to discovery of a pathological cause. Most causes of GM were identifiable from initial history and examination, and did not require further investigation.
Angular spectrum simulation of X-ray focusing by Fresnel zone plates (2013)

A computing simulation routine to model any type of circularly symmetric diffractive X-ray element has been implemented. The wavefield transmitted beyond the diffractive structures is numerically computed by the angular spectrum propagation method to an arbitrary propagation distance. Cylindrical symmetry is exploited to reduce the computation and memory requirements while preserving the accuracy of the numerical calculation through a quasi-discrete Hankel transform algorithm, an approach described by Guizar-Sicairos & Gutierrez-Vega [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A, (2004), 21, 53-58]. In particular, the code has been used to investigate the requirements for the stacking of two high-resolution Fresnel zone plates with an outermost zone width of 20 nm.
Data from Mitochondria-Targeted Analogues of Metformin Exhibit Enhanced Antiproliferative and Radiosensitizing Effects in Pancreatic Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Metformin (Met) is an approved antidiabetic drug currently being explored for repurposing in cancer treatment based on recent evidence of its apparent chemopreventive properties. Met is weakly cationic and targets the mitochondria to induce cytotoxic effects in tumor cells, albeit not very effectively. We hypothesized that increasing its mitochondria-targeting potential by attaching a positively charged lipophilic substituent would enhance the antitumor activity of Met. In pursuit of this question, we synthesized a set of mitochondria-targeted Met analogues (Mito-Mets) with varying alkyl chain lengths containing a triphenylphosphonium cation (TPP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;). In particular, the analogue Mito-Met&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt;, synthesized by attaching TPP&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; to Met via a 10-carbon aliphatic side chain, was nearly 1,000 times more efficacious than Met at inhibiting cell proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Notably, in PDAC cells, Mito-Met&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; potently inhibited mitochondrial complex I, stimulating superoxide and AMPK activation, but had no effect in nontransformed control cells. Moreover, Mito-Met&lt;sub&gt;10&lt;/sub&gt; potently triggered G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; cell-cycle phase arrest in PDAC cells, enhanced their radiosensitivity, and more potently abrogated PDAC growth in preclinical mouse models, compared with Met. Collectively, our findings show how improving the mitochondrial targeting of Met enhances its anticancer activities, including aggressive cancers like PDAC in great need of more effective therapeutic options. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(13); 3904–15. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
LPG--a direct source of C/sub 3/-C/sub 4/ olefins (1983)

This article describes the selective production of olefins by the catalytic dehydrogenation of the corresponding paraffins by means of UOP's Oleflex process. In this process, propylene can be obtained at about 85 mol % selectivity by the catalytic dehydrogenation of propane. Isobutylene can be obtained at selectivities in excess of 90 mol % from isobutane, and n-butenes (1-butene plus 2-butene) at about 80 mol % from n-butane. The availability of this technology, coupled with an abundant supply of LPG (C/sub 3/ and C/sub 4/ paraffins), opens new avenues for the selective production of propylene and butylenes.
Nanodesigning of Hierarchical Multifunctional Ceramics. (1996)

Methods of processing nanometer scale ceramics for use in structural and optoelectronic applications have been developed. Colloidal processing of fine scale ceramic powders was used because such an approach represents the most feasible processing methodology for the production of of large scale devices and components. The project consists of two primary task areas: (1) fundamental studies in synthesis and processing and (2) the processing and properties of ceramic matrix composite. For task one, the emphasis has been on the basic science of the synthesis and use of nanometer size particles. Task two, on the other hand, has been on the application of colloidal methods to the production of ceramic matrix composites for use in engineering applications. This project began at the University of Washington and was continued at Princeton University. Nanodesigned multifunctional ceramics, Ceramic processing, Colloidal processing.
Noise Levels Encountered in Air and Surface Transportation (1971)

Noise Levels have been obtained at passenger seat locations on airplanes, buses, and railcars while they were operating in regular service. The sound field at seating positions was found to be diffuse in most cases, and convenient measurements could be made with a hand-held sound-level meter. The data are graphically illustrated first as typical time histories, second as separate groups with cruise noise levels shown in decibels (A) and, finally, as a point graph with cruise levels in decibels (A) versus the difference decibels (C)—decibels (A). This last graph shows three distinct clusters and illustrates in compact form the comparative differences in the frequency components of each group. Special interest items included are STOL aircraft, the Metroliner, and PATCO cars from Philadelphia's new Lindenwold Commuter line. Some comparative data from other authors and a discussion of the particular noise sources are also included.
3D printed micro-optics for astigmatism correction in catheter-based endoscopic imaging (2022)

We have previously demonstrated a miniaturized transnasal introduction tube (TNIT) for transnasal endomicroscopy (TNEM) with optical coherence tomography (OCT) for clinical imaging of the small intestine of infants and adults in vivo. Although the TNIT is a convenient and effective way to implement TNEM, OCT probes for imaging through the TNIT had long manufacturing times and low yields, and its multiple cylindrical surfaces caused severe optical aberrations, degrading OCT image quality. Here we introduce a new optical design for 3D-printed microoptics that correct TNIT-induced astigmatism. Preliminary results show that the lens improves resolution and can be reliably manufactured.