gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dendrimer-mediated synthesis of platinum nanoparticles: new insights from dialysis and atomic force microscopy measurements (2005)

In this work, we use AFM measurements in conjunction with dialysis experiments to study the synthesis mechanism and physical state of dendrimer-stabilized platinum nanoparticles. For characterizing particle size distributions by high resolution transmission electron microscopy and AFM, sample preparation by drop evaporation presumably minimizes the risk of sample bias that might be found in spin coating or dip-and-rinse methods. However, residual synthesis by-products (mainly salts) must be removed from solutions of dendrimer-stabilized metal nanoparticles prior to AFM imaging. Purification by dialysis is effective for this purpose. We discovered, by UV-visible spectrophotometry and atomic absorption (AA) spectroscopy, that dialysis using 'regular' cellulose dialysis tubing (12 000 Da cut-off) used in all previous work leads to substantial losses of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimer (G4OH), PAMAM-Pt(+2) complex, and PAMAM-stabilized Pt nanoparticles. Use of benzoylated dialysis tubing (1200 Da cut-off) shows no losses of G4OH or G4OH-Pt mixtures. We use AFM to see whether selective filtration during dialysis introduces sampling bias in the measurement of particle size distributions. We compare results (UV-visible spectra, AA results, and AFM-based particle size distributions) for a sample of G4OH-Pt(40) divided into two parts, one part dialysed with regular dialysis tubing and the other with benzoylated tubing. Exhaustive dialysis using benzoylated tubing may lead to the loss of colloidal Pt nanoparticles stabilized by adsorbed dendrimer, but not Pt nanoparticles encapsulated by the dendrimer. The comparisons also lead to new insights concerning the underlying synthesis mechanisms for PAMAM-stabilized Pt nanoparticles.
Ionic Liquids and Catalysis: theIFPBiphasic Difasol Process (2010)

Abstract Optimal exploitation of raw materials, energy saving, and environmental friendliness take nowadays a major place in the development of catalytic processes. This implies better use of raw materials, lower formation of side products and, if possible, simplified separation workup steps. In this economical and environmental context, one most successful approach to bridge the gap between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis is multiphasic catalysis. In its simplest version, the catalyst is dissolved in one phase (generally a polar phase) while the products and the substrates mainly remain in the second one. The catalyst can be separated by simple settling and recycled under mild conditions. Ionic liquids have recently emerged as a new class of solvents, offering large opportunities of developments for biphasic (multiphasic) catalysis. In this chapter, the Ni‐catalyzed olefin oligomerization is described. Starting from the original industrial homogeneous Dimersol process, the emergence of the biphasic Difasol system using ionic liquids as the catalyst solvent will be detailed. This biphasic process was designed and developed with the aim of reducing catalyst consumption, waste and chemicals, all in an economical feasible manner.
Determination and comparison of specific activity of the HIF‐prolyl hydroxylases (2004)

Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) is a transcriptional complex that is regulated by oxygen sensitive hydroxylation of its alpha subunits by the prolyl hydroxylases PHD1, 2 and 3. To better understand the role of these enzymes in directing cellular responses to hypoxia, we derived an assay to determine their specific activity in both native cell extracts and recombinant sources of enzyme. We show that all three are capable of high rates of catalysis, in the order PHD2=PHD3>PHD1, using substrate peptides derived from the C-terminal degradation domain of HIF-alpha subunits, and that each demonstrates similar and remarkable sensitivity to oxygen, commensurate with a common role in signaling hypoxia.
The architecture and body of FUWA developmental humanoid (2008)

FUWA is a developmental humanoid built in the Embodied Intelligence Laboratory at Fudan University. The body of the robot is designed and manufactured by the researchers, but the actual sensorimotor association is developed autonomously from its own experience. For FUWA, no task is given during the programming time. It learns while performing. In this paper, key issues in designing the architecture and the body of FUWA are discussed. A learning-based approach is performed on line by the mobile robot in real-time.
Interventions for Frailty Among Older Adults With Cardiovascular Disease (2022)

With the aging of the world's population, a large proportion of patients seen in cardiovascular practice are older adults, but many patients also exhibit signs of physical frailty. Cardiovascular disease and frailty are interdependent and have the same physiological underpinning that predisposes to the progression of both disease processes. Frailty can be defined as a phenomenon of increased vulnerability to stressors due to decreased physiological reserves in older patients and thus leads to poor clinical outcomes after cardiovascular insults. There are various pathophysiologic mechanisms for the development of frailty: cognitive decline, physical inactivity, poor nutrition, and lack of social supports; these risk factors provide opportunity for various types of interventions that aim to prevent, improve, or reverse the development of frailty syndrome in the context of cardiovascular disease. There is no compelling study demonstrating a successful intervention to improve a global measure of frailty. Emerging data from patients admitted with heart failure indicate that interventions associated with positive outcomes on frailty and physical function are multidimensional and include tailored cardiac rehabilitation. Contemporary cardiovascular practice should actively identify patients with physical frailty who could benefit from frailty interventions and aim to deliver these therapies in a patient-centered model to optimize quality of life, particularly after cardiovascular interventions.
Transparent Wood: Luminescent Transparent Wood (Advanced Optical Materials 1/2017) (2017)

Luminescent transparent wood combining optical and load-bearing functions is successfully fabricated and described by I. Sychugov and co-workers in article number 1600834. The wood structure introduces strong scattering and waveguiding, resulting in diffused luminescence from embedded quantum dots. The luminescent transparent wood could potentially be exploited for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, such as for planar illumination sources and luminescent buildings/furniture.
Silicon Micromachining: Electrochemical Micromachining as an Enabling Technology for Advanced Silicon Microstructuring (Adv. Funct. Mater. 6/2012) (2012)

On page 1222, Giuseppe Barillaro and co-workers demonstrate that electrochemical micromachining (ECM) technology allows the fabrication of silicon microstructures with various shapes and silicon microsystems with high complexity to be performed in any research laboratory with sub-micrometer accuracy up to the highest aspect ratio values using dynamical real-time control of the etching anisotropy. False-color scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of a silicon microgripper fabricated using ECM technology are acquired at different magnifications.
Supplementary Figure 2A from Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Killing of <i>Salmonella</i>-Infected Tumor Cells (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2A from Cancer Immunotherapy Based on Killing of &lt;i&gt;Salmonella&lt;/i&gt;-Infected Tumor Cells
Transformation of human keratinocytes by SV40 virus alters their response to the tumor promoter TPA (1986)

Recently, we have shown that transformation of human keratinocytes by SV40 virus induces the re-expression of characters found in fetal epidermis and monostratified epithelia. In the present study, TPA was found to alter some features of the human keratinocyte phenotype in a similar manner to SV40 transformation. Indeed, 12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate (TPA) treatment induced the expression of cytokeratin no. 8, recognized by the monoclonal antibody TROMA-1, which is present in fetal epidermis and/or monostratified epithelia only, and fibronectin expression. However, TPA and SV40 transformation had specific non-overlapping effects. For example, TPA did not prevent terminal differentiation and stratification, as SV40-transformation did, but stimulated these processes. Moreover, TPA was found to induce additional changes in SV40-transformed keratinocytes. In particular it provoked the individualization of cells within the colonies. This effect was seen as little as 1 h after treatment and was reversible. This cellular alteration was accompanied by the reorganization of actin and by a decrease in the number of desmosomes; these changes were not observed after treatment of normal keratinocytes with TPA. These observations lead to the conclusion that TPA is able to trigger cellular responses which cannot be induced by SV40 products alone, but that TPA and some SV40 products can cooperate to elicit new responses, which could reflect a higher state of malignancy.
Statistical distribution of peak power in MC signals (2007)

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Long‐term time series analysis of quantum dot encoded cells by deconvolution of the autofluorescence signal (2010)

The monitoring of cells labeled with quantum dot endosome-targeted markers in a highly proliferative population provides a quantitative approach to determine the redistribution of quantum dot signal as cells divide over generations. We demonstrate that the use of time-series flow cytometry in conjunction with a stochastic numerical simulation to provide a means to describe the proliferative features and quantum dot inheritance over multiple generations of a human tumor population. However, the core challenge for long-term tracking where the original quantum dot fluorescence signal over time becomes redistributed across a greater cell number requires accountability of background fluorescence in the simulation. By including an autofluorescence component, we are able to continue even when this signal predominates (i.e., >80% of the total signal) and obtain valid readouts of the proliferative system. We determine the robustness of the technique by tracking a human osteosarcoma cell population over 8 days and discuss the accuracy and certainty of the model parameters obtained. This systems biology approach provides insight into both cell heterogeneity and division dynamics within the population and furthermore informs on the lineage history of its members.
PixelPrint: Three-dimensional printing of realistic patient-specific lung phantoms for validation of computed tomography post-processing and inference algorithms (2022)

ABSTRACT Background Radiomics and other modern clinical decision-support algorithms are emerging as the next frontier for diagnostic and prognostic medical imaging. However, heterogeneities in image characteristics due to variations in imaging systems and protocols hamper the advancement of reproducible feature extraction pipelines. There is a growing need for realistic patient-based phantoms that accurately mimic human anatomy and disease manifestations to provide consistent ground-truth targets when comparing different feature extraction or image cohort normalization techniques. Materials and Methods PixelPrint was developed for 3D-printing lifelike lung phantoms for computed tomography (CT) by directly translating clinical images into printer instructions that control the density on a voxel-by-voxel basis. CT datasets of three COVID-19 pneumonia patients served as input for 3D-printing lung phantoms. Five radiologists rated patient and phantom images for imaging characteristics and diagnostic confidence in a blinded reader study. Linear mixed models were utilized to evaluate effect sizes of evaluating phantom as opposed to patient images. Finally, PixelPrint’s reproducibility was evaluated by producing four phantoms from the same clinical images. Results Estimated mean differences between patient and phantom images were small (0.03-0.29, using a 1-5 scale). Effect size assessment with respect to rating variabilities revealed that the effect of having a phantom in the image is within one-third of the inter- and intra-reader variabilities. PixelPrint’s production reproducibility tests showed high correspondence among four phantoms produced using the same patient images, with higher similarity scores between high-dose scans of the different phantoms than those measured between clinical-dose scans of a single phantom. Conclusions We demonstrated PixelPrint’s ability to produce lifelike 3D-printed CT lung phantoms reliably. These can provide ground-truth targets for validating the generalizability of inference-based decision-support algorithms between different health centers and imaging protocols, as well as for optimizing scan protocols with realistic patient-based phantoms.
Analysis of skin-temperature variability compared to variability of blood pressure and heart rate (2002)

High resolution skin-temperature measurement performed in normal human subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease revealed low-amplitude temperature oscillations (40/spl times/10/sup -3//spl deg/C) designated as 'Temperature Variability' (TV). Spectral analysis of the filtered signal showed that most of the energy was in the range 0.015-0.04 Hz. Power spectra of temperature variability and pulse pressure amplitude were compared. Both of the signals exhibited similar peak frequency and similar stress-related response. Stress-related changes of TV power spectrum were similar to-changes of power in the spectrum of heart rate variability in the same frequency range. The TV signal showed greater sensitivity to stress than mean temperature. The TV phenomenon was attributed to vasomotor activity primarily mediated by sympathetic tone. In patients with coronary artery disease TV magnitude during baseline and stress was significantly lower than in normal subjects.
Comparison of design styles for top-gate bottom-contact OTFTs (2015)

Process yield, variability and scalability have always been a critical issue for scaling-up circuits in printed electronics. The organic materials and fabrication process as well as physical layout design play a significant role in controlling the performance of Organic Thin Film Transistors (OTFT). In order to design a robust and reliable organic circuit, designers are interested in having stable and predictable OTFTs. In this work, we study the electrical characteristics of OTFTs and digital logic cells for different layout design styles, and provide the statistical analysis of their variability and scalability. Arrays of OTFTs and cells have been designed by using parameterized cells (PCells) and python scripts in order to facilitate design parameters sweep. Very high yield and uniform OTFTs have been fabricated with excellent electrical characteristics. Finally some ring oscillator circuits have been demonstrated as a proof of concept.
Centroid-based Text Summarization through Compositionality of Word Embeddings (2017)

The textual similarity is a crucial aspect for many extractive text summarization methods. A bag-of-words representation does not allow to grasp the semantic relationships between concepts when comparing strongly related sentences with no words in common. To overcome this issue, in this paper we propose a centroidbased method for text summarization that exploits the compositional capabilities of word embeddings. The evaluations on multi-document and multilingual datasets prove the effectiveness of the continuous vector representation of words compared to the bag-of-words model. Despite its simplicity, our method achieves good performance even in comparison to more complex deep learning models. Our method is unsupervised and it can be adopted in other summarization tasks.
Synthesis of pyridines by Diels-Alder reactions of hetero-substituted 1,2,4-triazines with enamines and an enaminone (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of pyridines by Diels-Alder reactions of hetero-substituted 1,2,4-triazines with enamines and an enaminoneEdward C. Taylor and John E. MacorCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 6, 1249–1256Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00267a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00267a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views838Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wavelength Dependence of Photooxidation vs Photofragmentation of Chromocene (2001)

Photooxidation and metal−ligand photolysis reactions of bis(cyclopentadienyl)chromium, chromocene, in the range 24 390−15 630 cm-1 are studied in the gas phase by using time-of-flight mass spectroscopic detection. Photooxidation of the intact chromocene molecule unexpectedly dominates in the range 23 530−24 000 cm-1. The relative importance of photooxidation compared to photofragmentation is strongly wavelength dependent. A prominent species at all wavelengths is the chromium ion, but in a wavelength region corresponding to the lowest energy ligand to metal charge transfer excited electronic state absorption, the strongest peak is from the chromocene ion. The excitation spectra are reported for three selected species: chromocene ion, mono(cyclopentadienyl)chromium ion, and the chromium ion. The spectrum obtained by monitoring the metal ion contains sharp peaks that are assigned to neutral chromium atom resonances. Sharp losses of intensities in the molecular ion spectra are observed at these wavelengths. The wavelength dependencies of the photoreactions are interpreted and explained in terms of the identity of the initially populated excited electronic state and the ionization energy of the molecule. When the initially populated excited electronic state is the ligand to metal charge transfer state, the first photon causes minimal bond weakening and the second photon excites the intact chromocene above the ionization energy, resulting in efficient ionization of the parent molecule. When the initially populated state is a lower energy ligand field excited electronic state, bond weakening occurs and absorption of a second photon results in significant photodissociation producing intense fragment peaks dominated by the metal ion peak.
Unique Gold Chemoselectivity for the Aerobic Oxidation of Allylic Alcohols. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Revisiting the paradigm on the putative need for antigen-specific responses in cancer (2013)

INTRODUCTION Extensive efforts have been made in the development of antigen-specifi c immune therapies for cancer in hopes of developing targeted and sustained treatments to eliminate metastatic disease without “collateral” damage to normal tissues. This chapter will examine some of the biological aspects behind the interplay between the immune system and the tumor during tumorigenesis and tumor progression, to shed light on some of the potential reasons because of which antigen-specifi c therapies haven’t necessarily translated clinically into the “magic bullet” that many thought they would be. We will also discuss the potential advantages of antigennonspecifi c therapies and how a rational combination of the two, based on their biology, may lead to the improvement of clinical immunotherapeutic responses.
Matting through variational inpainting (2007)

Abstract. While current matting algorithms work very well for some natural images, their performance is questionable in the presence of sharp discontinuities in the foreground and/or background regions. To resolve this problem, we propose to use variational PDE-based inpainting techniques to examine the matting problem, that are highly successful in inpainting geometric features into unknown regions. Key words: matting, variational inpainting. 1
Exploring Compiler Optimization Opportunities for the OpenMP 4.× Accelerator Model on a POWER8+GPU Platform (2016)

While GPUs are increasingly popular for high-performance computing, optimizing the performance of GPU programs is a time-consuming and non-trivial process in general. This complexity stems from the low abstraction level of standard GPU programming models such as CUDA and OpenCL: programmers are required to orchestrate low-level operations in order to exploit the full capability of GPUs. In terms of software productivity and portability, a more attractive approach would be to facilitate GPU programming by providing high-level abstractions for expressing parallel algorithms.OpenMP is a directive-based shared memory parallel programming model and has been widely used for many years. From OpenMP 4.0 onwards, GPU platforms are supported by extending OpenMP's high-level parallel abstractions with accelerator programming. This extension allows programmers to write GPU programs in standard C/C++ or Fortran languages, without exposing too many details of GPU architectures.However, such high-level parallel programming strategies generally impose additional program optimizations on compilers, which could result in lower performance than fully hand-tuned code with low-level programming models. To study potential performance improvements by compiling and optimizing high-level GPU programs, in this paper, we 1) evaluate a set of OpenMP 4.× benchmarks on an IBM POWER8 and NVIDIA Tesla GPU platform and 2) conduct a comparable performance analysis among hand-written CUDA and automatically-generated GPU programs by the IBM XL and clang/LLVM compilers.
Immunoaffinity Purification of Indole-3-acetamide Using Monoclonal Antibodies (1987)

A single-step immunoaffinity purification procedure using monoclonal antibodies was developed to isolate indole-3-acetamide from plant extracts. Antibodies from a selected clone, raised against IAA-Cl′-BSA, with pronounced ability to recognize indole-3-acetamide (IAM) were used to prepare an immunoaffinity absorbent. Antibodies purified by thiophilic interaction chromatography were immobilized on divinylsulfoneactivated agarose. This column shows a very high selectivity towards IAM compared to IAA. This single step of immunoaffinity purification gave plant extracts of sufficient purity for direct quantification by on-line spectrofluorimetry after an analytical ionsuppression-HPLC run. Successive approximation by a second analytical ion-pairing-HPLC run confirmed the validity of this analytical technique.