gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strong, Ductile, and Waterproof Cellulose Nanofibril Composite Films with Colloidal Lignin Particles (2018)

ABSTRACT: Brittleness has hindered commercialization of cellulose nanofibril (CNF) films. The use of synthetic polymers and plasticizers is a known detour that impairs biodegradability and carbon footprint of the product. Herein, we utilize a variety of softwood Kraft lignin morphologies to obtain strong and ductile CNF nanocomposite films. An optimum 10 wt % content of colloidal lignin particles (CLPs) produced films with nearly double the toughness compared to a CNF film without lignin. CLPs rendered the films\nwaterproof, provided antioxidant activity and UV-shielding with better visible light transmittance than obtained with microscopy, dynamic water sorption analysis, and tp-DSC that homogeneously distributed CLPs act as ball bearing lubricating and stress transferring agents in the CNF matrix. Overall, our results open new avenues for the utilization of lignin nanoparticles in biopolymer composites equipped with versatile functionalities for applications in food packaging, water purification, and biomedicine.
Improving Empathetic Dialogue Generation by Dynamically Infusing Commonsense Knowledge (2023)

In empathetic conversations, individuals express their empathy towards others. Previous work has mainly focused on generating empathetic responses by utilizing the speaker's emotion. Besides, external commonsense knowledge has been applied to enhance the system's understandings of the speaker's situation. However, given an event, commonsense knowledge base contains various relations, potentially leading to confusion for the dialogue system. Consequently, inconsistencies arise among the emotion, generated response and speaker's contextual information. To this end, we propose a novel approach for empathetic response generation, which incorporates an adaptive module for commonsense knowledge selection to ensure consistency between the generated empathetic responses and the speaker's situation. This selected knowledge is used to refine the commonsense cognition and empathy expression for generated responses. Experimental results show that our approach significantly outperforms baseline models in both automatic and human evaluations, exhibiting the generation of more coherent and empathetic responses. Moreover, case studies highlight the interpretability of knowledge selection in the responses and the effectiveness of adaptive module in our model. Code: https://github.com/Hanscal/DCKS.
Semi-random interleaver design criteria (2003)

A spread interleaver of length N is a semi-random interleaver based on the random selection without replacement of N integers from 1 to N under a design constraint. This paper extends the spread-interleaver design method to multiple error events, based on the interleaver's role in overall turbo code error event distances. The extension helps to explain why the spread interleaver is specifically designed to be semi-random. Simulation results show the performance achieved for a symbol-interleaved parallel concatenated trellis coded modulation (PCTCM) scheme.
Proceedings of the ACM SIGCOMM workshop on Network troubleshooting: research, theory and operations practice meet malfunctioning reality (2004)

It is a great pleasure to welcome you all to the ACM SIGCOMM 2004 Workshops!We are pleased to present an outstanding program consisting of four workshops: (1) Future Directions in Network Architecture (FDNA); (2) Network and System Support for Games (NetGames); (3) Practice and Theory of Incentives in Networked Systems (PINS); and (4) Network Troubleshooting: Research, Theory, and Operations Practice Meet Malfunctioning Reality (NetTs).Workshops were first introduced as a part of the ACM SIGCOMM week-long Data Communications Festival in 2003 to enhance the ACM SIGCOMM conference technical program; this is the second year for this effort. In response to the call for proposals, we received 6 workshop proposals, 4 of which were accepted. FDNA, the highly successful workshop from 2003, is repeated for the second year. This is the first year for NetGames, PINS, and NetTs; a key feature of all of these workshops is their outreach to other communities. NetGames -- organized for the first time in conjunction with the ACM SIGCOMM conference -- brings together multimedia and gaming community with networking; PINS (organized in collaboration with ACM SIGecom) crosses the boundaries between economics, game theory, and networking; and NetTs exposes challenges in network operations to networking researchers.Organizing such a diverse set of workshops requires a great deal of effort and organization and I want to thank all the members of the SIGCOMM 2004 organizing committee and several volunteers who made it possible. I would like to thank Craig Partridge, Jennifer Rexford, John Wroclawski, and Jim Kurose for their suggestions and help in soliciting exciting workshop proposals. I also thank the SIGCOMM 2004 organizing committee, and in particular, Raj Yavatkar, Jennifer Rexford, Chris Edmondson-Yurkanan and Joe Touch for all the support and guidance they provided throughout the workshop organization process. The local arrangements for the workshops are a result of efforts of Wu-chang Feng. Prashant Chandra, Andreas Terzis, Marcel Waldvogel, and Allyn Romanow handled the web pages, registration, and publicity for the workshops.
Coordinating Traffic Incident Management: Curriculum Yields Promising Results Nationwide (2013)

Practitioners in the field of transportation have experienced first-hand the impact that traffic incidents can have on congestion and safety. The incidents create unsafe situations for the motoring public and responders and cripple traffic flow, resulting in unreliable trips. A key project in the Reliability focus area of the Transportation Research Board’s second Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP 2) has addressed this problem. The project has developed a curriculum and program on traffic incident management (TIM) for the many types of responders who report to incident scenes—for example, departments of transportation, police, fire and rescue, towing and recovery, and emergency medical services personnel. To improve the effectiveness and consistency of TIM operations, the training provides a common set of competencies to help responders achieve the objectives of the national unified goals for TIM: responder safety; safe, quick clearance; and prompt, reliable, interoperable communications.
Deep blue generation at 456 nm in a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ ridge-type waveguide by single-pass frequency doubling of a Nd:GdVO/sub 4/ micro-laser (2005)

Continuous-wave blue light at 456 nm of 93 mW with 14.6% infrared-to-blue conversion efficiency (17.3% internal conversion) is reported from a periodically polled MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ ridge-type waveguide by single-pass frequency doubling of a 912-nm Nd:GdVO/sub 4/ micro-laser.
An ATM queue manager with multiple delay and loss priorities (2003)

The performances in cell loss, queuing delay, and standard deviation of four different service classes at the output queue on an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) output-buffered switch are evaluated. An implementation architecture for the queue manager is proposed. The architecture allows all service classes to share the buffer until the buffer is filled up, and then cells with the lowest loss priority start to be discarded, i.e., the so-called push out scheme. The implementation architecture applies the concepts of fully distributed and highly parallel processing. to schedule the cells' departing or discarding sequence. An implemented VLSI sequencer chip can be used to realize a queue manager that deals with multiple delay and loss priorities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non-linear Gradient Mappings and Stochastic Optimization: a General Framework with Applications to Heavy-Tail Noise (2023)

We introduce a general framework for nonlinear stochastic gradient descent (SGD) for the scenarios when gradient noise exhibits heavy tails. The proposed framework subsumes several popular nonlinearity choices, like clipped, normalized, signed or quantized gradient, but we also consider novel nonlinearity choices. We establish for the considered class of methods strong convergence guarantees assuming a strongly convex cost function with Lipschitz continuous gradients under very general assumptions on the gradient noise. Most notably, we show that, for a nonlinearity with bounded outputs and for the gradient noise that may not have finite moments of order greater than one, the nonlinear SGD’s mean squared error (MSE), or equivalently, the expected cost function’s optimality gap, converges to zero at rate O(1/tζ ), ζ ∈ (0, 1). In contrast, for the same noise setting, the linear SGD generates a sequence with unbounded variances. Furthermore, for general nonlinearities that can be decoupled component wise and a class of joint nonlinearities, we show that the nonlinear SGD asymptotically (locally) achieves a O(1/t) rate in the weak convergence sense and explicitly quantify the corresponding asymptotic variance. Experiments show that, while our framework is more general than existing studies of SGD under heavy-tail noise, several easy-to-implement nonlinearities from our framework are competitive with state-of-the-art alternatives on real data sets with heavy tail noises.
Identification of Mono- and Disulfated N-Acetyl-lactosaminyl Oligosaccharide Structures as Epitopes Specifically Recognized by Humanized Monoclonal Antibody HMOCC-1 Raised against Ovarian Cancer (2011)

A humanized monoclonal antibody raised against human ovarian cancer RMG-I cells and designated as HMOCC-1 (Suzuki, N., Aoki, D., Tamada, Y., Susumu, N., Orikawa, K., Tsukazaki, K., Sakayori, M., Suzuki, A., Fukuchi, T., Mukai, M., Kojima-Aikawa, K., Ishida, I., and Nozawa, S. (2004) Gynecol. Oncol. 95, 290-298) was characterized for its carbohydrate epitope structure. Specifically, a series of co-transfections was performed using mammalian expression vectors encoding specific glycosyltransferases and sulfotransferases. These experiments identified one sulfotransferase, GAL3ST3, and one glycosyltransferase, B3GNT7, as required for HMOCC-1 antigen formation. They also suggested that the sulfotransferase CHST1 regulates the abundance and intensity of HMOCC-1 antigen. When HEK293T cells were co-transfected with GAL3ST3 and B3GNT7 expression vectors, transfected cells weakly expressed HMOCC-1 antigen. When cells were first co-transfected with GAL3ST3 and B3GNT7 and then with CHST1, the resulting cells strongly expressed HMOCC-1 antigen. However, when cells were transfected with a mixture of GAL3ST3 and CHST1 before or after transfection with B3GNT7, the number of antigen-positive cells decreased relative to the number seen with only GAL3ST3 and B3GNT7, suggesting that CHST1 plays a regulatory role in HMOCC-1 antigen formation. Because these results predicted that HMOCC-1 antigens are SO(3) → 3Galβ1 → 4GlcNAcβ1 → 3(±SO(3) → 6)Galβ1 → 4GlcNAc, we chemically synthesized mono- and disulfated and unsulfated oligosaccharides. Immunoassays using these oligosaccharides as inhibitors showed the strongest activity by disulfated tetrasaccharide, weak but positive activity by monosulfated tetrasaccharide at the terminal galactose, and no activity by nonsulfated tetrasaccharides. These results establish the HMOCC-1 epitope, which should serve as a useful reagent to further characterize ovarian cancer.
Inducible TRAP RNA profiling reveals host genes expressed in Arabidopsis cells haustoriated by downy mildew (2023)

Abstract The downy mildew oomycete Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis , an obligate filamentous pathogen, infects Arabidopsis by forming feeding structures called haustoria inside host cells. Previous transcriptome analyses revealed host genes are specifically induced during infection; however, RNA profiling from infected tissues may fail to capture key transcriptional events occurring exclusively in haustoriated host cells where the pathogen injects virulence effectors to modulate host immunity. To determine interactions between Arabidopsis and H. arabidopsidis at the cellular level, we devised a new translating ribosome affinity purification system applicable to inducible, including pathogen-responsive, promoters thus enabling haustoriated cell-specific RNA profiling. Among the host genes specifically expressed in H. arabidopsidis -haustoriated cells, we found genes that promote either susceptibility or resistance to the pathogen, providing new insights into the Arabidopsis/downy mildew interaction. We propose that our novel protocol for profiling cell-specific transcripts will be applicable to several stimulus-specific contexts and other plant-pathogen interactions.
Données récentes sur la cellule de Reed Sternberg (2000)

L’origine de la cellule de HRS est restee tres longtemps mysterieuse, vraisemblablement en raison de la difficulte d’analyse liee a sa faible presence au sein des organes tumoraux, et egalement a la difficulte d’etablir des lignees continues a partir de ces cellules. Les questions restees en suspens pendant toutes ces annees ont ete l’origine cellulaire de la cellule de HRS, sa nature clonale ou non, et les hypotheses physiopathologiques pouvant expliquer le tableau anatomopathologique et clinique de la MDH. Les reponses aux deux premieres questions ont ete apportees par l’utilisation de techniques de biologie moleculaire appliquees a l’analyse unicellulaire des cellules de HRS, un rearrangement clonal des genes d’immunoglobulines et la presence de mutations somatiques au sein de ces genes suggerant l’origine B, a partir d’une cellule du centre germinatif des ganglions, de la cellule de HRS.
ChemInform Abstract: Computer‐Assisted Discovery of Novel Amino Acid Derived Sulfides for Enantioselective Epoxidation of Aldehydes. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Representing variable source credibility in intelligence analysis with bayesian networks (2012)

Assessing the credibility of an evidential source is an important part of intelligence analysis, particularly where human intelligence is concerned. Furthermore, it is frequently necessary to combine multiple items of evidence with varying source credibilities. Bayesian networks provide a powerful probabilistic approach to the fusion of information and are increasingly being applied in a wide variety of settings. In this paper we explore their application to intelligence analysis and provide a simple example concerning a potential attack on an infrastructure target. Our main focus is on the representation of source credibility. While we do not advocate the routine use of quantitative Bayesian networks for intelligence analysis, we do believe that their qualitative structure offers a useful framework for evidence marshalling. Furthermore, we believe that quantified Bayesian networks can also play a part in providing auxiliary models to explore particular situations within a coherent probabilistic framework. This process can generate fresh insights and help to stimulate new hypotheses and avenues of enquiry.
First homo‐peptides undergoing a reversible 310‐helix/α‐helix transition: Critical main‐chain length (2008)

The difference in length between the more elongated peptide 3(10)-helix and the more compact alpha-helix is about 0.4 A/residue. This property makes the 3(10)-/alpha-helix reversible conversion very promising as a molecular switching tool between the N- and C-terminal functions of a peptide backbone. In this work, using homo-peptides of various main-chain length, all based on the strongly helicogenic, Calpha-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid Calpha-methyl-L-valine, we show that a well defined, solvent controlled, reversible 3(10)-/alpha-helix transition takes place even in a homo-oligomer as short as a terminally blocked hexapeptide. Homo-peptide sequences blocked as a urethane or an acetamide at the N-terminus and as a methyl ester or an N-alkyl amide at the C-terminus are all appropriate. The nature of the occurring helical species in the various solvents tested was assessed by electronic or vibrational circular dichroism.
Beryllium‐Based, High‐Triplet‐Energy Material as a Host for Blue Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2014)

Abstract A beryllium‐based compound, bis[2‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐3‐olate] beryllium (DmPPBe), was designed and synthesized as a high‐triplet‐energy host material for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes. The DmPPBe host showed a high triplet energy of 2.75 eV due to the high‐triplet‐energy 2‐(3,5‐dimethylpyrazol‐1‐yl)pyridin‐3‐ol ligand. The DmPPBe host was effective as the host material for blue phosphorescent organic light‐emitting diodes and a high quantum efficiency of 17.7 % was achieved.
Deciphering the Origins of Observed Heat Capacity Changes for Aminoglycoside Binding to Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Ribosomal RNA A-Sites:  A Calorimetric, Computational, and Osmotic Stress Study (2004)

Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), computational, and osmotic stress techniques have been used to characterize the changes in heat capacity, solvent-accessible surface, and hydration that accompany the binding of the aminoglycoside paromomycin to both prokaryotic and eukaryotic rRNA A-site model oligonucleotides. Regarded as a whole, the results of these studies suggest that the intrinsic heat capacity change (DeltaC(p)) for the binding of paromomycin to each rRNA A-site is near zero, with the negative DeltaC(p) observed for the binding of the drug to the prokaryotic rRNA A-site being dictated by the coupled destacking of the adenine residues at positions 1492 and 1493. In this connection, DeltaC(p) provides a useful calorimetric signature for assessing the relative impacts of novel and existing A-site targeting ligands on rRNA conformation, which, in turn, should provide a useful analytical tool for facilitating the drug design process, since aminoglycoside-induced destacking of A1492 and A1493 is thought to be a determining factor in the mistranslational and antimicrobial activities of the drugs.
Photolytic Control of Peptide Self-Assembly (2003)

Herein, we present a methodology that allows for the temporal control of fibrillization of amyloidogenic peptides. This general approach implements a photolabile linker that connects the amyloidogenic peptide to a fibril-inhibitory unit, in this case, a pentamer of amino acids modified with the solubilizing N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMDA) units. Upon photolysis, the linker can be dissociated to afford the intact and native amyloidogenic peptide. This methodology should be of value in a variety of studies where spatial and temporal control of supramolecular association processes is desired.
Database Mining for Flexible Concatenative Text-to-Speech (2007)

In this paper we explore mining a concatenative text-to-speech database to exploit subtle, naturally-occurring stylistic and contextual variability for runtime synthesis. By making a desired style or context known to the search during synthesis, the cost function can be biased toward finding units which satisfy these additional criteria. Having the ability to bias the output of the synthesizer towards a particular voice quality, or other characteristic such as speaking rate, increases its flexibility and potential value. In this paper we illustrate the approach to synthesizing subtle speech variation by focusing on three aspects: prosodic structure (phrase-finalness), prosodic prominence (prosodic accent), and voice quality (breathiness). Target values for the first two of these are automatically generated, while the target value for breathiness is specified by the user. We present results which indicate the value of distinguishing our data along these dimensions, and discuss possible improvements and new uses in the future.
Three Practical Aspects of Massive MIMO: Intermittent User Activity,\n Pilot Synchronism, and Asymmetric Deployment (2015)

This paper considers three aspects of Massive MIMO (multiple-input\nmultiple-output) communication networks that have received little attention in\nprevious works, but are important to understand when designing and implementing\nthis promising wireless technology. First, we analyze how bursty data traffic\nbehaviors affect the system. Using a probabilistic model for intermittent user\nactivity, we show that the spectral efficiency (SE) scales gracefully with\nreduced user activity. Then, we make an analytic comparison between synchronous\nand asynchronous pilot signaling, and prove that the choice between these has\nno impact on the SE. Finally, we provide an analytical and numerical study of\nthe SE achieved with random network deployment.\n
A New and Known Cytotoxic Aryltetralin-Type Lignans from Stems of Bursera graveolens (2005)

A new 4alpha-aryltetralin-type lignan called burseranin (1) and a known analogous lignan picropolygamain (2) were isolated along with known triterpenes, lupeol and epi-lupeol from the methanol extract of stems of Bursera graveolens, which showed a remarkable inhibitory activity against human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. The whole structure of 1 was established based on combined spectral studies and the absolute structure for 2 was first confirmed by CD spectral evidence. In addition, cytotoxic activities of the stem (methanol) extract and its components are evaluated in this paper.
A novel soft-switching bidirectional DC-DC converter with coupled inductors (2013)

This paper presents a novel topology for a non-isolated bidirectional dc-dc converter with soft-switching capability, which usually operates at a zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) condition. A non-isolated dc-dc converter combines a buck converter and a backwards boost converter into one circuit, which consists of a half-bridge power switch, an inductor, and capacitors. In order to realize ZVS conditions, the proposed converter utilizes an additional inductor coupled with the main inductor, a small inductor, and auxiliary switches and diodes. Due to ZVS, switching stress on switch components is reduced, and the reverse recovery problem of MOSFET anti-parallel body diodes is also solved. Moreover, the proposed converter can arbitrarily select the operating modes between ZVS and conventional hard-switching, so the converter can obtain the highest efficiency at almost all load ranges. The detailed theoretical analyses in each mode are presented, and a 1kW prototype is also built to verify the principles.