gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the use of averaging for the analysis of power electronic systems (2003)

Averaging theory offers constructive tools for the analysis of oscillatory ordinary differential equations with time-discontinuous right-hand sides, if requirements of solution differentiability are relaxed. This theory forms a rigorous framework for evaluating, refining, and extending heuristic averaged models used in power electronics, and provides direct techniques for recovering oscillatory effects such as ripple from the averaged model. An overview of this theory is presented, and DC-DC converters are analyzed as examples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genomic FHIT analysis in RER+ and RER− adenocarcinomas of the pancreas (2000)

Alterations of the candidate tumor suppressor gene FHIT have been reported in multiple tumor types, including pancreatic carcinoma. The mechanism of FHIT genomic inactivation is unusual, most frequently occurring by homozygous deletion, whereas only rare cases have missense mutations. Altered (shortened) transcripts and reduced protein expression are reported, but a genetic basis for these is often inapparent. We studied FHIT genomic alterations of pancreatic carcinomas. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found in 41% of 93 carcinomas without microsatellite instability (RER−), but no mutations were found by genomic sequencing. Homozygous deletions inside the FRA3B fragile site were found in four RER− tumors, but only two affected the FHIT coding region. In contrast, FHIT alterations were found in the three RER+ pancreatic carcinomas screened; two had FHIT homozygous deletions affecting exon 5 and the third had a heterozygous missense mutation (H76N). The excess occurrence of homozygous deletions at this site in RER+ pancreatic cancers is statistically significant (P < 0.01). Since homozygous deletions have not previously been reported in RER+ carcinomas at any genomic site, an extremely high rate of site-specific deletion must exist within the FRA3B-related FHIT gene. Consequently, the paucity of documented inactivating point mutations cannot be used to judge the presence or absence of putative FHIT-related selective pressures that act during tumorigenesis of RER− neoplasia. Nonetheless, the identification of a heterozygous mutation as the sole sequence abnormality might raise doubt as to whether strong selective pressures are afforded by FHIT genomic inactivation in this tumor type. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 27:239–243, 2000. © 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Molecular-dynamics study of anharmonic effects in silicon (1989)

Molecular-dynamics calculations have been performed to study the temperature-dependent linewidths and frequency shifts of selected phonon modes in Si. The results obtained are in excellent agreement with experimental data. Interatomic forces in the calculations are obtained by an empirical tight-binding model with parameters determined completely by first-principles electronic structure and total-energy calculations.
Interleukin-10 blunts the human inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide without affecting the cardiovascular response (2005)

Concurrent administration of rhIL-10 suppresses the human inflammatory/stress response but has no effect on the hemodynamic/cardiovascular response to endotoxin. Early administration of rhIL-10 can potentially augment elements of the cytokine inflammatory response to lipopolysaccharide. These findings suggest significant limitations of rhIL-10 as a potential immunomodulatory therapy for sepsis.
Tunable stop-band filter at Q-band based on RF-MEMS metamaterials (2007)

Presented for the first time is a metamaterial transmission line that combines complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and RF microelectromechanical systems (RF-MEMS). The device consists on a coplanar waveguide structure loaded in its central strip with CSRRs embedding RF-MEMS variable capacitors. Owing to the presence of the CSRRs, the structure behaves as a stop-band filter. Through the actuation of the electrostatic RF-MEMS devices, the electrical characteristics of the CSRRs are modified so that their resonance frequency, and as a result the central frequency of the stop-band filter, can be tuned. This is the first time that an RF-MEMS tunable metamaterial-based filter has been designed for operation at Q-band.
ETSI-Standard Reconfigurable Mobile Device for Supporting the Licensed Shared Access (2016)

In order for a Mobile Device (MD) to support the Licensed Shared Access (LSA), the MD should be reconfigurable, meaning that the configuration of a MD must be adaptively changed in accordance with the communication standard adopted in a given LSA system. Based on the standard architecture for reconfigurable MD defined in Working Group (WG) 2 of the Technical Committee (TC) Reconfigurable Radio System (RRS) of the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), this paper presents a procedure to transfer control signals among the software entities of a reconfigurable MD required for implementing the LSA. This paper also presents an implementation of a reconfigurable MD prototype that realizes the proposed procedure. The modem and Radio Frequency (RF) part of the prototype MD are implemented with the NVIDIA GeForce GTX Titan Graphic Processing Unit (GPU) and the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) N210, respectively. With a preset scenario that consists of five time slots from different signal environments, we demonstrate superb performance of the reconfigurable MD in comparison to the conventional nonreconfigurable MD in terms of the data receiving rate available in the LSA band at 2.3–2.4 GHz.
Quality assessment of DNA derived from up to 30 years old formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue for PCR-based methylation analysis using SMART-MSP and MS-HRM (2009)

MS-HRM and SMART-MSP can be successfully used for single locus methylation studies using DNA derived from up to 30 years old FFPE tissue. Furthermore, it can be expected that MS-HRM and SMART-MSP will provide similar methylation estimates when assays are designed to analyze the same CpG positions.
Target gene expression levels and competition between transfected and endogenous microRNAs are strong confounding factors in microRNA high-throughput experiments (2012)

Our results show that it is important to consider confounding factors when interpreting miRNA high throughput experiments and urge special caution when using microarray data to compare average regulatory effects between groups of genes that have different average gene expression levels.
Microbend fiber-optic phase shifter (1986)

The use of spatially periodic microbend transducers to produce phase shift in single-mode fibers has been investigaed. Phase shift of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">32\deg/\mu</tex> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of transducer displacement per centimeter of trans- <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3.7\deg/\mu</tex> m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . cm for a 1023-μm peroid. Phase shifts as large as 560°/cm of transducer length were obtained with the shorter period transducer. These results are compared with predictions based on coupled-mode theory.
Hybrid solid-state storage system with storage class memory and NAND flash memory for big-data application (2014)

Big-data enterprise storage is escalating demand for SSD, because of SSD's high speed, low power and small form factor. As a high-speed, low power and highly reliable enterprise storage, this paper overviews the high reliability signal processing technologies and hybrid memory solution which is the best mix and match of the high capacity NAND flash memories and storage class memories with non-volatility, speed, page rewritability and high endurance.
Influence of High Fogging Systems on Gas Turbine Engine Operation and Performance (2004)

High fogging is a power augmentation device where water is sprayed upstream of the compressor inlet with higher mass flow than that which would be needed to saturate the intake air. The main focus of this paper is on applications of high fogging on the ALSTOM gas turbine engines of the family GT24/GT26. Engine operation and performance are illustrated based on test results obtained from four different engines that have meanwhile accumulated more than 12’000 operating hours (OH) in commercial operation with ALSTOM’s ALFog® high fogging system. The effect of internal cooling (water evaporation inside the compressor) is investigated considering actual compressor boundaries matched within the complete engine. Changes in the secondary air system (SAS) and corresponding movement of the engine operating line have been taken into account. Power output gain as high as 7.1% was experimentally demonstrated for injected water mass fraction (f = mH2O/mair) equal to 1% and considering internal cooling effects only. Higher figures can be obtained for operation at low ambient relative humidity and partial evaporation upstream of the compressor inlet.
Reconfigurable Unpatterned Metasurfaces via Acoustoelectric Gating of Graphene (2021)

Electric fields in a surface acoustic wave in a piezoelectric substrate can pattern charge in an adjacent graphene film via the acousto-electric effect and thus reconfigure the optical transmission in an unpatterned graphene metasurface.
Dissecting a role of evolutionary‐conserved but noncritical disulfide bridges in cysteine‐rich peptides using ω‐conotoxin GVIA and its selenocysteine analogs (2012)

Conotoxins comprise a large group of peptidic neurotoxins that use diverse disulfide-rich scaffolds. Each scaffold is determined by an evolutionarily conserved pattern of cysteine residues. Although many structure-activity relationship studies confirm the functional and structural importance of disulfide crosslinks, there is growing evidence that not all disulfide bridges are critical in maintaining activities of conotoxins. To answer the fundamental biological question of what the role of noncritical disulfide bridges is, we investigated function and folding of disulfide-depleted analogs of ω-conotoxin GVIA (GVIA) that belongs to an inhibitory cystine knot motif family and blocks N-type calcium channels. Removal of a noncritical Cys1-Cys16 disulfide bridge in GVIA or its selenopeptide analog had, as predicted, rather minimal effects on the inhibitory activity on calcium channels, as well as on in vivo activity following intracranial administration. However, the disulfide-depleted GVIA exhibited significantly lower folding yields for forming the remaining two native disulfide bridges. The disulfide-depleted selenoconotoxin GVIA analog also folded with significantly lower yields, suggesting that the functionally noncritical disulfide pair plays an important cooperative role in forming the native disulfide scaffold. Taken together, our results suggest that distinct disulfide bridges may be evolutionarily preserved by the oxidative folding or/and stabilization of the bioactive conformation of a disulfide-rich scaffold.
New Approach to the Management of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Patients with Treatment Failure (2004)

Urinary incontinence affects about 40 million adults in the Western world. Many mechanical, behavioral, and surgical approaches have been used for its treatment. Many of the surgical techniques are successful, but about 50% of patients need re-treatment after 5 to 7 years. Although intraurethral plug-like devices could block the leak, they create a communication between the bladder and vulva, resulting in high rates of ascending urinary infections. To prevent this communication but block the bladder outlet while allowing it to open voluntarily, a new intravesical device was designed. The device could be inserted easily into the bladder of 35 patients and activated using a remote control. The use of a completely intravesical device for the management of anatomic incontinence is a novel approach. The results obtained in pilot studies showed that the device is effective in the management of stress incontinence in patients who were failures after surgery or who refused surgery.
OPTOGENETICS: BACKGROUND AND CONCEPTS FOR NEUROSURGERY (2011)

Lin, Shih-Chun MD, PhD; Deisseroth, Karl MD, PhD; Henderson, Jaimie M MD Author Information
Confidence Estimation via Wrist Movement (2021)

Recent advancements have shown that physiological sensing techniques such as eye-gaze and handwriting can be used to classify user confidence when answering questions. While accurately classifying confidence is important for providing feedback to learners, simplifying and streamlining the process is important for real-world applications. The aim of this study is to use a single accelerometer on the wrist to estimate confidence, thus reducing the burden of device orientation and cost for users. We present a study of 10 participants who wrote answers while wearing a wrist accelerometer. Using SVM, we achieved an accuracy rate of 83.8% for participant-dependent and 77.0% for participant-independent classification when the answer given by the user was correct and 84.4% and 71.9% when the answer was incorrect. The results indicate that using a simple wrist accelerometer is effective for providing confidence estimation.
An overview and comparison of various refrigeration methods for microelectronics cooling. (2016)

Small-scale refrigerators, termed mesoscale refrigerators, are possible cooling solutions for high-power microelectronics. The performance of mesoscale refrigerators has not yet been experimentally demonstrated, although a recent theoretical model indicated that at temperatures near room temperature and above, a vapor compression refrigerator may compete successfully with a thermoelectric cooler having extremely high efficiency [1]. The present study proposes an overview and comparison between several alternative refrigeration methods used to actively cool the electronic components in a Power Microelectronics System. Three systems are evaluated, namely a miniaturized classical mechanical vapor compression system using an off-the-shelf compressor, a miniaturized system with ejector used for vapor compression, and finally a miniaturized refrigeration system with absorption, designed for similar cooling powers. The efficiency and COP of each system will be evaluated, together with associated reliability and cost related issues. The specifics of all proposed systems are based on the optimized performance of the miniaturized components of the various refrigeration systems, designed to fit the smaller scale power electronics populating a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in a High-Power Microelectronics System. For all designs, an array of micro-channels is used for vaporizer/condenser units. Several components of the refrigeration system are thermally evaluated for cooling powers ranging from 20- 100W, with direct application to high power telecom units. Several advantages and/or disadvantages of these refrigeration-based cooling methods are highlighted. The study is concluded by identifying the pros and cons of implementing such systems to real-life microelectronics applications.
Magnetic Resonance Elastography for Presurgical Assessment of Skull Base Lesions (2015)

Introduction: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) of the brain is a novel technique that allows noninvasive quantification of the mechanical properties of the brain, in vivo. Body MRE has a proven role in the evaluation of liver disease where it has replaced needle biopsies in a growing number of practices. MRE is a MRI-based technology including the following three components: (1) the mechanical introduction of shear waves into the brain with mechanical driver; (2) capturing the vibrational wave field by performing a phase contrast MRI sequence in synchrony with the vibration of the driver; and (3) calculating tissue stiffness by applying inversion algorithms to the acquired wave field. A previous study has demonstrated the potential to accurately determine the preoperative stiffness of meningiomas.1 The purpose of this pilot study was to determine the potential role of MRE for measuring skull base tumor stiffness noninvasively.
Role of Side‐Chain Branching on Thin‐Film Structure and Electronic Properties of Polythiophenes (2015)

Side‐chain engineering is increasingly being utilized as a technique to impact the structural order and enhance the electronic properties of semiconducting polymers. However, the correlations drawn between structural changes and the resulting charge transport properties are typically indirect and qualitative in nature. In the present work, a combination of grazing incidence X‐ray diffraction and crystallographic refinement calculations is used to determine the precise molecular packing structure of two thiophene‐based semiconducting polymers to study the impact of side‐chain modifications. The optimized structures provide high‐quality fits to the experimental data and demonstrate that in addition to a large difference in interchain spacing between the two materials, there exists a significant disparity in backbone orientation as well. The calculated structures are utilized in density functional theory calculations to determine the band structure of the two materials and are shown to exhibit a dramatic disparity in interchain dispersion which accounts for the large observed difference in charge carrier mobility. The techniques presented here are meant to be general and are therefore applicable to many other highly diffracting semicrystalline polymers.
MPEG-I Immersive Audio – Reference Model For The Virtual/Augmented Reality Audio Standard (2023)

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Secondary basophilic leukemia in Ph-negative myeloid neoplasms: A distinct subset with poor prognosis (2021)

During progression of myeloid neoplasms, the basophil compartment may expand substantially and in some of these patients, a basophilic leukemia is diagnosed. In patients with Ph-chromosome+ chronic myeloid leukemia, acceleration of disease is typically accompanied by marked basophilia. In other myeloid neoplasms, secondary leukemic expansion of basophils is rarely seen. We report on 5 patients who suffered from a myelodysplastic syndrome, myeloproliferative neoplasm, or acute leukemia and developed a massive expansion of basophils during disease progression. In 4 of 5 patients, peripheral blood basophil counts reached 40%, and the diagnosis "secondary basophilic leukemia" was established. As assessed by flow cytometry, neoplastic basophils expressed CD9, CD18, CD25, CD33, CD63, PD-L1, CD123, and CLL-1. In addition, basophils were found to display BB1 (basogranulin), 2D7, tryptase and KIT. In 4 of 5 patients the disease progressed quickly and treatment with azacitidine was started. However, azacitidine did not induce major clinical responses, and all patients died from progressive disease within 3 Y. In in vitro experiments, the patients´ cells and the basophilic leukemia cell line KU812 showed variable responses to targeted drugs, including azacitidine, venetoclax, hydroxyurea, and cytarabine. A combination of venetoclax and azacitidine induced cooperative antineoplastic effects in these cells. Together, secondary basophilic leukemia has a poor prognosis and monotherapy with azacitidine is not sufficient to keep the disease under control for longer time-periods. Whether drug combination, such as venetoclax+azacitidine, can induce better outcomes in these patients remains to be determined in future clinical studies.
Investigation of In-situ Boron-Doped Si Selective Epitaxial Growth by Comparison with Arsenic Doping (2008)

In-situ boron-doped silicon selective epitaxial growth (SEG) was investigated by comparison with in-situ As-doped SEG. The dopant concentration and growth rate of the film grown under low pressure are high for B-doped SEG, while they are high under atmospheric pressure (AP) for As-doped SEG. This difference is interpreted to be due to the strong effects of HCl etching under AP and surface segregation of As. By optimizing the growth rate and temperature, we have successfully grown epitaxial Si layers with high B concentrations of 2.3 ×1020 atoms/cm3.
Figure S5 from Impaired Death Receptor Signaling in Leukemia Causes Antigen-Independent Resistance by Inducing CAR T-cell Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Persistent antigen exposure results in high inhibitory receptor and Tbet expression.&lt;/p&gt;
324 nm Light Emitting Diodes with Milliwatt Powers (2002)

Light emitting diodes with peak emission at 324 nm were fabricated over low-defect density n+-Al0.2Ga0.8N buffer layers. The AlGaN buffer layers were deposited over sapphire using strain-relieving AlN/AlGaN superlattices. Pulsed powers as high as 4 mW were measured for a pump current of 900 mA.
Acetaldehyde increases collagen gene transcription in cultured human fibroblasts. (1987)

Acetaldehyde, the first metabolite of ethanol, mediates many of the biological effects of ethanol. We have previously shown that acetaldehyde, but not ethanol, stimulates collagen production in cultured human fibroblasts (Holt, K., Bennett, M., and Chojkier, M. (1984) Hepatology 4, 843-848). Here, we examined the effects of acetaldehyde on collagen gene expression. Confluent human fetal fibroblasts were incubated for up to 4 h in the presence of ascorbate (0.2 mM) alone or with the addition of either ethanol (12 mM) or acetaldehyde (200 microM). Acetaldehyde induced the production of collagen (up to 2.5-fold) and had a small inhibitory effect on procollagen secretion (-20%). The steady-state levels of mRNAs were measured by hybridizing total cellular RNA to specific cDNA probes at high stringency. Acetaldehyde increased the steady-state level of collagen alpha 1(I) and collagen alpha 2(I) mRNAs about 3-fold and had small effects on beta-actin mRNA (+50%) and collagenase mRNA (-50%). Northern blots revealed that the RNAs were intact and that acetaldehyde preferentially increased the abundance of the longer of the two collagen alpha 1(I) transcripts. Acetaldehyde increased both collagen alpha 1(I) and collagen alpha 1(III) transcriptional activity by 2.5-fold and had small effects on beta-actin and collagenase gene transcription. The increase in both collagen production and collagen mRNA levels induced by acetaldehyde was blocked by methylene blue, a scavenger of reducing equivalents. These data indicate that reducing equivalents, which enhance the formation and stability of acetaldehyde-protein adducts, may be required for acetaldehyde-stimulated collagen production. Thus, this study suggests that acetaldehyde increases collagen production by increasing collagen gene transcription in cultured human fibroblasts.
Occupational dose to the radiographer in dual X-ray absorptiometry (1996)

The recent report by Patel et al [1] confirms that the exposure dose, and scattered radiation, from bone densitometry is small compared with many radiological procedures. Two fan-beam densitometers (QDR-2000 and QDR-4500) were shown to produce a scattered dose of ∼2.3 μSv h−1 at 1 m, assuming a throughput of four patients (spine and hip) or eight determinations per hour.