gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-phonon-frequency chalcogenide crystalline hosts for rare earth lasers operating beyond three microns (2023)

The invention comprises a RE-doped MA.sub.2 X.sub.4 crystalline gain medium, where M includes a divalent ion such as Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Pb, Eu, or Yb; A is selected from trivalent ions including Al, Ga, and In; X is one of the chalcogenide ions S, Se, and Te; and RE represents the trivalent rare earth ions. The MA.sub.2 X.sub.4 gain medium can be employed in a laser oscillator or a laser amplifier. Possible pump sources include diode lasers, as well as other laser pump sources. The laser wavelengths generated are greater than 3 microns, as becomes possible because of the low phonon frequency of this host medium. The invention may be used to seed optical devices such as optical parametric oscillators and other lasers.
Abstract 262: Knockout of Type VI Collagen Preserves Mitochondrial Structure and Function Following Myocardial Infarction (2015)

Cardiac remodeling is a dynamic process that is accelerated after myocardial infarction (MI), and the traditional focus of key extracellular matrix proteins that mediate remodeling has been on the fibrillar types I and III collagen. We have previously reported that knockout mice of the lesser-known, non-fibrillar collagen VI (Col6-/-) are protected from MI injury as evidenced by significantly reduced infarct size, fibrosis and apoptosis leading to preserved long-term cardiac function. Determining the mechanisms underlying this cardioprotection is the goal of this study. Interestingly, the Col6-/- mice are a model for Bethlam Myopathy, a rare skeletal muscular dystrophy that is characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction leading to premature apoptosis of skeletal myocytes. We hypothesized that alterations in mitochondrial structure and function in the myocardium of Col6-/- mice may play key mechanistic roles responses to ischemic injury. Mitochondrial morphology was visualized by transmission electron microscopy to compare pre- and post-MI changes. Mitochondria from uninjured Col6-/- LV tissue had similar morphology as WT, and at 3 days post-MI the mitochondrial morphology was similarly compromised in both WT and Col6-/- mice. However, at 14 days post-MI the Col6-/- mitochondria were less swollen (43 ± 5.1% decrease in overall volume) and displayed improved orientation/organization over WT (continuous strands). We measured basal O2 consumption and 24 hours post-MI in mitochondria isolated from the infarcted zones of both genotypes. The respiratory control index (RCI) of the Col6-/- mitochondria was lower in the basal, uninjured hearts (7.2 ± 0.9 in WT vs. 4.9 ± 0.6 in Col6-/-). However, the RCI of mitochondria in the infarcted region of Col6-/- hearts at 24 hours post-MI declined less than WT (post-MI values of 2.7 ± 0.5 in WT vs. 2.8 ± 0.7 in Col6-/-) . These data indicate that Col6-/- mice have preserved mitochondrial morphology and a smaller decline in respiration following MI, which may represent a novel homeostatic mechanism underlying protection from ischemic injury in the Col6-/- heart.
Demonstration of signal remodulation long reach carrier distributed passive optical network using OFDM-QAM signal (2009)

OFDM is a promising candidate for LR-PON. We study the possibility of using OFDM for signal remodulation in the LR-PON. Three different colorless ONU architectures are tested and compared.
Room-Temperature Lasing Action from All-dielectric Metasurfaces Near Bound States in the Continuum (2020)

We demonstrate lasing action in the visible from an all-dielectric metasurface. A low laser threshold is achieved with a high-Q resonance due to operation at the near bound states in the continuum (BIC) regime.
From Ancient to Emerging Infections: The Odyssey of Viruses in the Male Genital Tract (2020)

The male genital tract (MGT) is the target of a number of viral infections that can have deleterious consequences at the individual, offspring, and population levels. These consequences include infertility, cancers of male organs, transmission to the embryo/fetal development abnormalities, and sexual dissemination of major viral pathogens such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus. Lately, two emerging viruses, Zika and Ebola, have additionally revealed that the human MGT can constitute a reservoir for viruses cleared from peripheral circulation by the immune system, leading to their sexual transmission by cured men. This represents a concern for future epidemics and further underlines the need for a better understanding of the interplay between viruses and the MGT. We review here how viruses, from ancient viruses that integrated the germline during evolution through old viruses (e.g., papillomaviruses originating from Neanderthals) and more modern sexually transmitted infections (e.g., simian zoonotic HIV) to emerging viruses (e.g., Ebola and Zika) take advantage of genital tract colonization for horizontal dissemination, viral persistence, vertical transmission, and endogenization. The MGT immune responses to viruses and the impact of these infections are discussed. We summarize the latest data regarding the sources of viruses in semen and the complex role of this body fluid in sexual transmission. Finally, we introduce key animal findings that are relevant for our understanding of viral infection and persistence in the human MGT and suggest future research directions.
Importance of reliability when dimensioning an optical transparent network with physical impairments awareness (2009)

Optical network telecommunication operators are adopting optical transparency to make the channel routing more flexible, optimize their cost and meet customer requirements. But, the optical signal accumulates physical impairments along the transmission so that its quality should be assessed before setting-up the connection. The relevance of an estimate depends on the uncertain knowledge of the physical parameters. This paper shows the importance of accounting for uncertainties within a physical impairment aware dimensioning tool.
Expression of the P2X<sub>7</sub> Receptor Subunit of the Adenosine 5’-Triphosphate-Gated Ion Channel in the Developing and Adult Rat Cochlea (2003)

ATP-gated ion channels assembled from P2X(7) subunits have been implicated in ontogeny and cellular pathology. Here, the expression of the P2X(7) receptor subunit was studied in the embryonic (E14-E18 days) and postnatal (P0-adult) rat cochlea using immunohistochemistry. Strong P2X(7) immunolabelling was observed in the primary auditory neurons of the spiral ganglion from E18 to adult and in the fibres innervating the sensory inner and outer hair cells from birth to adult. Strong immunolabelling of P2X(7) receptor protein was also observed in the inner and outer hair cells over a limited developmental period, from birth to P6. Weak expression was observed in cochlear duct epithelium on E18 and in the supporting cells (footplates of pillar cells in adult and in Böttcher's cells after birth). The immunolocalisation of P2X(7) receptors further implicates extracellular ATP in signalling process in cochlear ontogeny and in establishment and function of auditory neurotransmission. The P2X(7) receptors may be involved in signal transduction and modulation as well as in regulating cell death during development and in pathological conditions.
Substrate current at cryogenic temperatures: Measurements and a two-dimensional model for CMOS technology (1987)

This work characterizes the temperature, channel length, and voltage dependences of substrate current, and presents a local model describing this behavior using Shockley's lucky electron (LE) model as a basis. For n-channel (p-channel) devices, the model is extended using a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution of hot-electron (hole) energies above (below) the conduction (valence) band minimum (maximum). The model has been implemented in CADDET, a 2-D device simulator, and is able to explain all of the important features of substrate current which have been reported to date. The model is discussed in the context of works which look at both the local and physical nature of the impact ionization phenomenon. Based on this discussion, the model's parameters are shown to have a solid physical basis, requiring no reliance on curve fitting. The agreement between data and simulations thus enhances physical understanding of substrate current in MOSFET's, and warrants confident design of CMOS technologies for cryogenic operation.
A planar sector antenna suitable for small WLAN card terminal (2003)

In this paper, a planar antenna and the 6-sector arrangement for a small card type mobile terminal used in the wireless local area network (WLAN) system are proposed. The radiation characteristics, particularly the tilted main beam in vertical plane and current distribution are calculated and discussed. We show that the 6-sector beams of half power width of 60 degrees are obtained by the proposed arrangement that is in a rectangular configuration of 10.6 mm /spl times/ 44 mm at 25 GHz band, and this is suited to a built-in antenna mounted on the edge of the card type mobile terminal like a PCMCIA card.
Structure of a Neutral Glycosphingolipid Recognized by Human Antibodies in Polyagglutinable Erythrocytes from the Rare NOR Phenotype (2001)

NOR is a rare inheritable polyagglutination phenomenon that has been described in two families. Our recent studies on these erythrocytes showed they contained at least two unique neutral glycosphingolipids, and based on their reactivity with Griffonia simplicifolia IB4 (GSL-IB4) isolectin (Kusnierz-Alejska, G., Duk, M., Storry, J. R., Reid, M. E., Wiecek, B., Seyfried, H., and Lisowska, E. (1999) Transfusion 39, 32-38), both oligosaccharide chains terminated with an alpha-galactose residue. The reactivity with GSL-IB4 suggested that these oligosaccharide chains terminated with a Galalpha1-->3Gal- sequence and that anti-NOR agglutinins were common human anti-Galalpha1-->3Gal xenoantibodies. In this report we describe the structure of one NOR component (NOR1) that migrated on thin-layer chromatographic plates in the region of pentaglycosylceramides. Treatment of this sample with alpha-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase was followed by high-performance thin-layer chromatography with product detection by lectins and the anti-Gb4 monoclonal antibody. The results suggested that NOR1 was an alpha-galactosylated Gb4Cer with a beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase-resistant GalNAc residue. Gas phase disassembly by ion trap mass spectrometry analysis showed the sequence to be Hex1-->4HexN1-->3Hex1-->4Hex1-->4Hex linked to a ceramide composed of C18 sphingosine and a C24 monounsaturated fatty acid. Together these data indicate NOR1 to be a novel Galalpha1-->4GalNAcbeta1-->3Galalpha1-->4Galbeta1-->4 Glc-Cer structure. Additionally it has been shown that NOR glycolipids are recognized by human antibodies that were distinct from the known anti-Galalpha1-->3Gal xenoantibodies.
Leveraging face recognition technology to find and organize photos (2004)

With digital still cameras, users can easily collect thousands of photos. We have created a photo management application with the goal of making photo organization and browsing simple and quick, even for very large collections. A particular concern is the manage-ment of photos depicting people. We present a semi-automatic approach designed to facilitate the task of labeling photos with people that opportunistically takes advantage of the strengths of current state-of-the-art technology in face detection and recognition. In particular, an accurate face detector is used to automatically extract faces from photos while the less accurate face recog-nizer is used not to classify the detected faces, but to sort faces by their similarity to a chosen model. The sorted faces are presented as candidates within a user interface designed for quick and easy face labeling. We present results of a simulation of the usage model that demonstrate the improved ease that is achieved by our method
Bacterial and Archaeal 16S rRNA Genes in Late Pleistocene to Holocene Muddy Sediments from the Kanto Plain of Japan (2009)

Microbial communities in ancient marine sediments composed of clay and silt obtained from the terrestrial subsurface were phylogenetically analyzed based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Chloroflexi and Miscellaneous Crenarchaeotic Group were predominant in bacterial and archaeal clone libraries, respectively. Of 44 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that had close relatives in the database, 30 were close to sequences obtained from marine environments. Some sequences belonged to the candidate groups JS1, ANME-I, and Marine Benthic Group-C, which are typically found in marine sediments. Low chloride concentrations in the sediments suggest that these marine-affiliated sequences may not reflect currently active microbial communities. Our results indicate the existence of long-term preserved DNA or descendants of ancient oceanic microbial components in subsurface muddy sediments in a temperate region, which may reflect indigenous population of paleoenvironments.
Evaluation of irradiation-induced deep levels in Si (2000)

The front-illuminated CCD devices on board the Chandra X-ray observatory have been damaged by proton beam irradiation during radiation belt passage. The scattered ions such as protons created the traps in the buried n-channel of the CCD. The effect of proton radiation induced defects in Si is summarized. The generation and evolution of the irradiation defects is studied and its relationship with CCD performance is discussed. The methods for enhancement of dissociation of defects by biasing and/or light illumination are proposed to recover the performance of CCD.
Evidence-Based Patient Selection in Headache Surgery: Impact of Preoperative Radiofrequency Ablation on Surgical Outcomes (2022)

Therapeutic, III.
A 1 Mb Nonvolatile Embedded Memory Using 4T2MTJ Cell With 32 b Fine-Grained Power Gating Scheme (2013)

<?Pub Dtl=""?> A 1 Mb nonvolatile embedded memory using a four transistor and two spin-transfer-torque (STT) magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) cell is designed and fabricated to demonstrate its zero standby power and high performance. The power supply voltages of 32 cells along a word line (WL) are controlled simultaneously by a power line (PL) driver to eliminate the standby power without impact on the access time. This fine-grained power gating scheme also optimizes the trade-off between macro size and operation power. The butterfly curve for the cell is measured to be asymmetric as predicted, enhancing the cell's static noise margin (SNM) for data retention. The scaling of 1 Mb macro size is compared with that of the 6T SRAM counterpart, indicating that the former will become smaller than the latter at 45 nm technology node and beyond by moderately thinning its tunnel dielectrics (MgO) in accordance with the shrink of the MTJ's cross sectional area. The operation current of the macro is also shown to be almost unchanged over generations, while that of the 6T SRAM increases exponentially due to the degradation of MOSFET off-current as the device scales.
Strand Breaks in X-Irradiated Crystalline DNA: Alternating CG Oligomers (2003)

Direct ionization of crystalline d(CGCGCGCG) and d(CGCGCGCGCG) oligomers produces 3'- and 5'-phosphate-terminated fragments as the main strand breakage products detectable by ion-exchange chromatography. The nature of the base has no effect on the probability of strand breakage at the given site. The yields of 3'-phosphates are systematically lower than the yields of the 5'-phosphates originating from the same cleavage site, pointing to the possible presence of unidentified products with sugar remnants attached to the 3'-end. These results show that direct ionization is efficient at producing single-strand breaks in DNA and its action is relatively indiscriminate with respect to base sequence.
One‐dimensional equations governing single‐cavity die design (1996)

Abstract The 1‐D approximate equations governing flow in a single‐cavity die have been examined in detail. Although the 1‐D momentum equation in the slot and mass conservation equation used in previous studies are generally the same, various forms of the 1‐D momentum equation governing flow in the cavity have been utilized. A rigorous accounting of the origin of the 1‐D cavity equation is given, via asymptotic techniques, integral equations, and the use of approximate velocity fields. Additionally, these techniques are employed to place the slot flow and mass conservation equations, utilized in previous studies, on a firmer theoretical ground. The derived cavity equation and differential equation system is found to be identical to that of Leonard (1985).
Silver Acetate Catalysed Asymmetric1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions of Imines and Chiral Acrylamides (2003)

N-Metallated azomethine ylides 5 were generated by the reaction of arylidene glycine imines 1 with AgOAc and triethylamine. These azomethine ylides undergo cycloaddition to chiral acrylamides 2 with excellent diastereoselectivity. The configuration of two of the cycloadducts (3a(1) and 3c(1)) has been confirmed by Xray crystallography.
Reducing symmetric polarization aberrations in a molded glass lens by annealing (2005)

Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry was used to study stress in a series of a high numerical aperture molded glass lenses. An interesting radially symmetric retardance was found which resembled the polarization aberration induced by coatings. Upon investigation the source of the polarization aberration is traced to a remarkably symmetric radial stress birefringence in the glass believed to arise during fire-polishing of the surfaces. While annealing the lenses relieves much of the stress birefringence, reducing the retardance of the lenses by a factor of five, the lenses remained unusable for critical polarization applications.
Supplementary Methods from TAS6417, A Novel EGFR Inhibitor Targeting Exon 20 Insertion Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Methods for in vitro kinase assay, genome sequence, and immunoblotting analysis&lt;/p&gt;
A Flattened Luneburg Lens for the THz Region (2021)

We describe a Luneburg lens modified with quasi-conformal transformation optics. This device offers the possibility for wide-angle beam steering and reception over a broad bandwidth in the terahertz range.
Impaired autophagic activity and ATG4B deficiency are associated with increased endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced lung injury (2018)

Aging is the main risk factor for the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and usually lethal lung disorder. Although the pathogenic mechanisms are uncertain, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and impaired proteostasis that have been linked with aging are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of IPF. Using the Atg4b-deficient mice as a model, that partially reproduces the autophagy deficient conditions reported in aging and IPF lungs, we show for the first time how autophagy impairment and ER stress induction, contribute simultaneously to development of lung fibrosis in vivo. Increased expression of ER stress markers, inflammation and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells were observed in Atg4b-deficient mice compared to WT mice, when treated with the ER stress inducer tunicamycin. After tunicamycin treatment, Atg4b null lungs showed accumulation of its substrate LC3-I, demonstrating that these mice failed to induce autophagy despite the ER stress conditions. We also showed that compromised autophagy in lungs from Atg4b null mice is associated with exacerbated lung damage, epithelial apoptosis and the development of lung fibrosis at 21 days after tunicamycin treatment. Our findings indicate that ATG4B protein and autophagy are essential to mitigate ER stress and to prevent tunicamycin-induced epithelial apoptosis and lung fibrosis.
Rotator Cuff Arthropathy (2000)

Wroblewski, B. M. F.R.C.S.; D'Lima, Darryl D. M.D.; Urquhart, Andrew G. M.D.; Buehler, Knute O. M.D.; Walker, Richard H. M.D.; Colwell, Clifford W. Jr.M.D. Author Information
Role of human skin resident T cells in wound healing (B116) (2007)

Abstract Cutaneous wound healing is a complex process requiring constant communication between cells in the form of cytokine release, cell-to-cell contacts and cell-to matrix interactions. Skin gammadelta T cells have been shown to play unique roles in tissue homeostasis and during tissue repair through local secretion of distinct growth factors in mice. However, because the distribution of resident T cells (gamma delta vs alpha beta) is different in mice and humans we aimed to characterize the role of epithelial resident T cells in wound repair in humans. In the present study we show that the freshly isolated Vdelta1 gamma delta and alpha beta resident T cells secrete IGF-1 after stimulation by PMA and ionomycin. Interestingly both cell types are activated in acute wounds and secrete IGF-1 to promote wound healing. The characterization of the functional activity of resident T lymphocytes in acute wounds should allow the development of new therapeutic strategies against chronic wounds. Supported by grants from L’Oreal, NIH and Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale.
Defining Threshold Values of Encapsulant and Backsheet Adhesion for PV Module Reliability (2017)

The width-tapered cantilever beam method is used to quantify the debond energy (adhesion) of encapsulant and backsheet structures of 32 modules collected from the field. The collected population of modules contains both those that have remained intact and those with instances of either or both encapsulant and backsheet delamination. From this survey, initial threshold values (an adhesion value above which a module should remain intact throughout its lifetime) for encapsulant and backsheet interfaces are proposed. For encapsulants this value is ~160 J/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and for backsheets ~10 J/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . It is expected that these values will continue to be refined and evolve as the width-tapered cantilever beam method gets adopted by the PV industry, and that they may aid in the future improvement of accelerated lifetime tests and the development of new, low-cost materials.
Spectroscopy of biological nanocrystals (2007)

Nanocrystals have gained much interest in recent years, due to their unusual properties allowing interesting applications in physical and biological science. In this literature review, biological nanocrystals are discussed from the spectroscopic point of view. Firstly, the theory behind the outstanding abilities of the nanocrystals is described. Secondly, the spectroscopic properties of biological nanocrystals are mentioned. Lastly, the use of nanocrystals with various spectroscopic applications is reviewed such as biosensor applications with UV–visible and surface plasmon resonance and Raman spectroscopy of biological materials. Finally, a short discussion of infrared nanocrystals and their abilities are included in the review.