gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First handheld adaptive optics optical coherence tomography probe for in vivo imaging of photoreceptors (2022)

The incorporation of adaptive optics (AO) technology into ophthalmic imaging systems has enhanced the understanding of retinal structure and function and the progression of various retinal diseases in adults by allowing for the dynamic correction of ocular and/or system aberrations. However, the in vivo visualization of important human retinal microanatomy, including cone photoreceptors, has been largely limited to fully cooperative subjects who are able to fixate and/or sit upright for extended imaging sessions in large tabletop AO systems. Previously, we developed the first handheld AO scanning laser ophthalmoscope capable of 2-D imaging of cone photoreceptors in supine adults and infants. In this work, we present the design and fabrication of the first handheld AO optical coherence tomography (HAOOCT) probe capable of collecting high-resolution volumetric images of the human retina. We designed custom optomechanics to build a spectral domain OCT system with a compact form factor of 22 cm &times; 18 cm &times; 5.2 cm and a total weight of 630 grams. The OCT imaging channel has a theoretical lateral resolution of 2.26 &mu;m over a 1.0&deg; &times; 1.0&deg; field of view and an axial resolution of 4.01 &mu;m. Stabilized imaging of healthy human adult volunteers revealed the 3-D photoreceptor structure and retinal pigment epithelium cells. HAOOCT was then deployed in handheld operation to image photoreceptors in upright and recumbent adults, indicating its potential to extend AO-OCT to previously excluded patient populations.
A Two-Stage Framework for Computing Entity Relatedness in Wikipedia (2017)

Introducing a new dataset with human judgments of entity relatedness, we present a thorough study of all entity relatedness measures in recent literature based on Wikipedia as the knowledge graph. No clear dominance is seen between measures based on textual similarity and graph proximity. Some of the better measures involve expensive global graph computations. We then propose a new, space-efficient, computationally lightweight, two-stage framework for relatedness computation. In the first stage, a small weighted subgraph is dynamically grown around the two query entities; in the second stage, relatedness is derived based on computations on this subgraph. Our system shows better agreement with human judgment than existing proposals both on the new dataset and on an established one. We also plug our relatedness algorithm into a state-of-the-art entity linker and observe an increase in its accuracy and robustness.
Robust Burg Estimation of Radar Scatter Matrix for Mixtures of Gaussian Stationary Autoregressive Vectors (2016)

We address the estimation of the scatter matrix of a scale mixture of Gaussian stationary autoregressive vectors. This is equivalent to consider the estimation of a structured scatter matrix of a Spherically Invariant Random Vector (SIRV) whose structure comes from an autoregressive modelization. The Toeplitz structure representative of stationary models is a particular case for the class of structures we consider. For Gaussian autoregressive processes, Burg method is often used in case of stationarity for its efficiency when few samples are available. Unfortunately, if we directly apply these methods to estimate the common scatter matrix of N vectors coming from a non-Gaussian distribution, their efficiency will strongly decrease. We propose then to adapt these methods to scale mixtures of autoregressive vectors by changing the energy functional minimized in the Burg algorithm. Moreover, we study several approaches of robust modification of the introduced Burg algorithms, based on Frechet medians defined for the Euclidean or the Poincare metric, in presence of outliers or contaminating distributions. The considered structured modelization is motivated by radar applications, the performances of our methods will then be compared to the very popular Fixed Point estimator and OS-CFAR detector through radar simulated scenarios.
Properties of graphite blocks consisting of ordered graphite flakes with bimodal particle size distribution (2021)

Abstract Petroleum pitch‐based graphite blocks (GBs) attract considerable attention owing to their low cost, high yield, and possible application as heat sink components. However, no studies have systematically investigated the particle size distribution of GBs, their structures, and the relationship between the structures and thermal properties resulting from graphitization. Hence, herein, we present a novel method for fabricating petroleum pitch‐based GBs using natural graphite flakes (GFs) of sizes ranging between 50 and 500 μm and a bimodal particle size distribution. Furthermore, the effects of the mean GF particle size, pitch binder content, and microstructure of the GBs with low GF contents on compression molding with elevated hot‐pressing temperatures after graphitization are investigated. To investigate the effect of packing density with a GF size of 500 μm, we mix a small‐sized GF (50 μm) and low pitch binder content by kneading. In particular, specimens in the in‐plane direction with a bimodal particle size distribution of GFs and 10 wt% pitch binder yield optimum density and thermal conductivity values of 1.74 g m −3 and 384 Wm −1 K −1 , respectively, after high‐temperature graphitization at 2600°C. These findings provide insights for developing high‐performance GBs for use in heat sink components with high thermal conductivity.
Immersion and dry lithography monitoring for flash memories (after develop inspection and photo cell monitor) using a darkfield imaging inspector with advanced binning technology (2009)

After-develop inspection (ADI) and photo-cell monitoring (PM) are part of a comprehensive lithography process monitoring strategy. Capturing defects of interest (DOI) in the lithography cell rather than at later process steps shortens the cycle time and allows for wafer re-work, reducing overall cost and improving yield. Low contrast DOI and multiple noise sources make litho inspection challenging. Broadband brightfield inspectors provide the highest sensitivity to litho DOI and are traditionally used for ADI and PM. However, a darkfield imaging inspector has shown sufficient sensitivity to litho DOI, providing a high-throughput option for litho defect monitoring. On the darkfield imaging inspector, a very high sensitivity inspection is used in conjunction with advanced defect binning to detect pattern issues and other DOI and minimize nuisance defects. For ADI, this darkfield inspection methodology enables the separation and tracking of 'color variation' defects that correlate directly to CD variations allowing a high-sampling monitor for focus excursions, thereby reducing scanner re-qualification time. For PM, the darkfield imaging inspector provides sensitivity to critical immersion litho defects at a lower cost-of-ownership. This paper describes litho monitoring methodologies developed and implemented for flash devices for 65nm production and 45nm development using the darkfield imaging inspector.
Field Experiments on Real-Time 1-Gbps High-Speed Packet Transmission in MIMO-OFDM Broadband Packet Radio Access (2009)

This paper presents experimental results in real propagation channel environments of real-time 1-Gbps packet transmission using antenna-dependent adaptive modulation and channel coding (AMC) with 4-by-4 MIMO multiplexing in the downlink Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) radio access. In the experiment, Maximum Likelihood Detection employing QR decomposition and the M-algorithm (QRM-MLD) with adaptive selection of the surviving symbol replica candidates (ASESS) is employed to achieve such a high data rate at a lower received signal-to-interference plus background noise power ratio (SINR). The field experiments, which are conducted at the average moving speed of 30km/h, show that real-time packet transmission of greater than 1Gbps in a 100-MHz channel bandwidth (i.e., 10bits/second/Hz) is achieved at the average received SINR of approximately 13.5dB using 16QAM modulation and turbo coding with the coding rate of 8/9. Furthermore, we show that the measured throughput of greater than 1Gbps is achieved at the probability of approximately 98% in a measurement course, where the maximum distance from the cell site was approximately 300m with the respective transmitter and receiver antenna separation of 1.5m and 40cm with the total transmission power of 10W. The results also clarify that the minimum required receiver antenna spacing is approximately 10cm (1.5 carrier wave length) to suppress the loss in the required received SINR at 1-Gbps throughput to within 1dB compared to that assuming the fading correlation between antennas of zero both under non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and line-of-sight (LOS) conditions.
Efficient Acceleration of Stencil Applications through In-Memory Computing (2020)

The traditional computer architectures severely suffer from the bottleneck between the processing elements and memory that is the biggest barrier in front of their scalability. Nevertheless, the amount of data that applications need to process is increasing rapidly, especially after the era of big data and artificial intelligence. This fact forces new constraints in computer architecture design towards more data-centric principles. Therefore, new paradigms such as in-memory and near-memory processors have begun to emerge to counteract the memory bottleneck by bringing memory closer to computation or integrating them. Associative processors are a promising candidate for in-memory computation, which combines the processor and memory in the same location to alleviate the memory bottleneck. One of the applications that need iterative processing of a huge amount of data is stencil codes. Considering this feature, associative processors can provide a paramount advantage for stencil codes. For demonstration, two in-memory associative processor architectures for 2D stencil codes are proposed, implemented by both emerging memristor and traditional SRAM technologies. The proposed architecture achieves a promising efficiency for a variety of stencil applications and thus proves its applicability for scientific stencil computing.
A module-sliced approach for high yield VLSI/WSI processors (2003)

The module-sliced approach is realized in a reconfigurable fault-tolerant segmented array processor (RFTSAP). The basic building block of RFTSAP is a node which consists of a processor, local memory, and a programmable I/O unit (PIOU). The PIOU allows any group of processors to be combined to perform the functions of a large processor module. The yield of a large processor module can be improved 2 to 4 times compared to that of approaches not using the module-sliced method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multidose oxygen therapeutic for radiation sensitization treatment of glioblastoma multiforme. (2014)

TPS2112 Background: NuvOx is running a Phase 1b/2 evaluation of dodecafluoropentane emulsion (2% DDFPe) as a radiation sensitizer administered intravenously prior to radiation treatment (RT) in Glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Pre-clinically, DDFPe has been shown to increase tumor pO2 concentration of hypoxic solid tumors with an increase in survival. An NDA for DDFPe was previously to the FDA and considered safe and effective as an imaging agent in over 2200 patients. Subsequently DDFP was found to have 200 times the oxygen carrying capacity relative to hemoglobin, which led to the hypothesis that relatively low doses of DDFPe would be safe and effective at reversing hypoxic conditions and improve the effectiveness of the standard fractionated RT in post-resected GBM patients. Methods: This study is intended to determine the safe and effective therapeutic dose for fractionated radiation treatment of GBM. The dosing schedule begins at 0.05cc/kg and escalates to 0.35 cc/kg. The study is in two parts; the first part being dose optimization and the second will be expansion at the optimal dose to include enough patients to establish progression free survival statistics at 6 months post-treatment. Tumor hypoxia will be measured using Tissue Oxygen Level Dependent MRI at proscribed points during the course of therapy along with other molecular, hematologic and biochemical markers indicative of hypoxia. The FDA has granted the right of reference to the NDA submission as an imaging agent and provided guidance for the development strategy for DDFPe as an oxygen therapeutic. Elevated tumor pO2 provides a background for more efficient RT in solid tumors. Data will be presented regarding the status of enrollment, residual tumor size and relative oxygenation during treatment, changes in tumor size, as well as hematologic, and other indicators of safety and efficacy as a consequence of DDFPe administration. Ethics Committee approval was granted as of the preparation of this abstract and dosing will begin very soon. The intent of this presentation is to delve further into the study design as well as present data regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters and biomarker determination reflecting tumor oxygenation data collected thus far.
Atmospheric-Pressure Infrared Laser-Ablation Plasma-Postionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded (FFPE) and Fresh-Frozen Tissue Sections with No Sample Preparation (2022)

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) encompasses a powerful suit of techniques which provide spatially resolved atomic and molecular information from almost any sample type. MSI is now widely used in preclinical research to provide insight into metabolic phenotypes of disease. Typically, fresh-frozen tissue preparations are considered optimal for biological MSI and other traditional preservation methods such as formalin fixation, alone or with paraffin embedding (FFPE), are considered less optimal or even incompatible. Due to the prevalence of FFPE tissue storage, particularly for rare and therefore high-value tissue samples, there is substantial motivation for optimizing MSI methods for analysis of FFPE tissue. Here, we present a novel modality, atmospheric-pressure infrared laser-ablation plasma postionization (AP-IR-LA-PPI), with the first proof-of-concept examples of MSI for FFPE and fresh-frozen tissues, with no post-sectioning sample preparation. We present ion images from FFPE and fresh tissues in positive and negative ion modes. Molecular annotations (via the Metaspace annotation engine) and on-tissue MS/MS provide additional confidence that the detected ions arise from a broad range of metabolite and lipid classes from both FFPE and fresh-frozen tissues.
Malaria in Serbian army at Salonika front: Review on outbreak in second half of 1916 (2008)

Although malaria was described more than 3 000 years ago, it is only by the end of XIX century that plasmodium was identified as a cause, and mosquito as a vector of the disease. During wars, numerous contagious diseases which usually follow wars, become widespread and severe. During the Salonika Front it was malaria, as a true wartime infection, not only within the Serbian Army but also within the allied (French and Great Britain) and the opposing troops (Austria- Hungary and Bulgaria). In spite of the applied measures at the level of medical achievements of that time, and adequate military organization, malaria epidemic was resistant and persisted up to the Salonika Front breach, in 1918. Any omission in military organization of life and lodging of soldiers reduces efficacy in preventing outbreak and influences severity of clinical manifestation of the disease. Malaria turned out to be the disease that reduced combat readiness of Serbian and allied armies, but, fortunately, and opposing armies as well. It is possible that the reason for long periods of combat inactivity on both sides was blockade of combat power induced by epidemic. The total mortality of affected Serbian soldiers was 412 (in French army mortality was 1175), the highest number of deaths occurred in second half of 1916th (261), from July 1st to December 31st 1916th Our country is the stage of eradication (the last autochthonous case was recorded in 1964), but in our study we found continuous importing of disease in Serbia, some 30-40 cases per year, with usually severe clinical presentation, and late recognition and specific antimalarial therapy. Multidisciplinary approach is essential. In primary health care the most important is the early recognition of the disease.
Glove Powder's Carrying Capacity for Latex Protein: Analysis Using the ASTM ELISA Test (2003)

Glove donning powders carry latex proteins and disperse them into the workplace environment. We have used the ASTM D6499 ELISA to quantify the amount of latex antigen bound to and carried by glove powders. We could differentiate between a small amount of protein actually bound to the powders and a larger amount carried by the powder. Enhanced binding of a major allergen, Hev b 5, to the starch powders was demonstrated by Western blot. The D6499 ELISA is able to measure total latex antigen, soluble and powder bound, simultaneously without the need to centrifuge the samples.
Alucone Interlayers to Minimize Stress Caused by Thermal Expansion Mismatch between Al2O3 Films and Teflon Substrates (2012)

Alucone films were employed as interlayers to minimize stress caused by thermal expansion mismatch between Al(2)O(3) films grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and Teflon fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) substrates. The alucone films were grown by molecular layer deposition (MLD) using trimethylaluminum (TMA), ethylene glycol (EG), and H(2)O. Without the alucone interlayer, the Al(2)O(3) films were susceptible to cracking resulting from the high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) mismatch between the Al(2)O(3) film and the Teflon FEP substrate. Cracking was observed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images of Al(2)O(3) films grown directly on Teflon FEP substrates at temperatures from 100 to 160 °C and then cooled to room temperature. With an alucone interlayer, the Al(2)O(3) film had a crack density that was reduced progressively versus alucone interlayer thickness. For Al(2)O(3) film thicknesses of 48 nm deposited at 135 °C, no cracks were observed for alucone interlayer thicknesses >60 nm on 50 μm thick Teflon FEP substrates. For thinner Al(2)O(3) film thicknesses of 21 nm deposited at 135 °C, no cracks were observed for alucone interlayer thicknesses >40 nm on 50 μm thick Teflon FEP substrates. Slightly higher alucone interlayer thicknesses were required to prevent cracking on thicker Teflon FEP substrates with a thickness of 125 μm. The alucone interlayer linearly reduced the compressive stress on the Al(2)O(3) film caused by the thermal expansion mismatch between the Al(2)O(3) coating and the Teflon FEP substrate. The average compressive stress reduction per thickness of the alucone interlayer was determined to be 8.5 ± 2.3 MPa/nm. Comparison of critical tensile strains for alucone films on Teflon FEP and HSPEN substrates revealed that residual compressive stress in the alucone film on Teflon FEP could help offset applied tensile stress and lead to the attainment of much higher critical tensile strains.
Simulation design of a single-ring OpenPET for in-beam PET (2011)

One of the challenging applications of PET is for in-beam PET, which is an in situ monitoring method for charged particle therapy. For this purpose, we have previously proposed an open-type PET scanner, OpenPET. The original OpenPET has a physically opened field-of-view (FOV) between two detector rings which irradiation beams pass through. This dual-ring OpenPET has a wide axial FOV including the gap. Therefore this geometry is not necessarily the most efficient when it is applied to in-beam PET in which only a limited FOV around the irradiation field is required. In this paper, we proposed new single-ring OpenPET geometry as more efficient geometry dedicated to in-beam PET. The detector ring of the proposed geometry is a cylinder both ends of which are cut by parallel aslant planes. The proposed geometry can be made compact so that the beam port can be placed close to the patient. One of the problems for the proposed geometry is arranging the rectangular block detectors. We proposed two arrangement types, a slanted ellipse type where oval detector rings are slanted and stacked and an axial shift type where block detectors originally forming a conventional PET scanner are axially shifted little by little. We compared the two types through numerical simulations. The simulated systems were a small prototype that we designed for a proof-of-concept and a human sized system. We evaluated the effect of utilizing depth-of-interaction (DOI) measurement in both sized system in both types. In the small sized simulations, both types resulted in acceptable image quality with DOI capability. In the human sized simulation, on the other hand, the effect of DOI utilizing was not clearly shown because the size of spots was too large compared with the size of the crystals. Therefore, our future work is further investigation the quality of reconstructed images for both types in the human sized simulation.
A novel concept for balancing of the phase modules of a three-phase unity power factor Y-rectifier (2004)

The isolated star point of a three-phase star-connection of single-phase unity power factor PWM rectifier systems (Y-rectifier) results in a mutual coupling of the individual phase module outputs, i.e. the individual DC link voltage control loops. Starting from the theoretical analysis of a series connection of two DC-DC boost converters a control-oriented equivalent circuit of the three-phase Y-rectifier system is derived in analytically closed form. Based on this a robust multivariable control is designed which ensures constant DC link voltage levels for unsymmetric disturbances, i.e. step load changes of the phase modules, All theoretical findings are verified via numerical simulations.
Microfluidic systems with on-line UV detection fabricated in photodefinable epoxy (2001)

This paper describes a method for fabricating microfluidic devices in a photodefinable epoxy (SU-8). This technique is compatible with, and complementary to, conventional fabrication techniques. It allows microstructures formed in SU-8 to be bonded to produce sealed microfluidic channels. A micromixer fabricated entirely in SU-8, using this technique, for performing liquid-phase reactions is shown to be suitable for visible spectroscopy. This fabrication method also allows the incorporation of materials that are often difficult to integrate. By fabricating hybrid devices that incorporate quartz windows, we demonstrate that these devices are compatible with organic solvents and that in situ ultraviolet detection in a microfluidic system is possible.