gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a novel power assisted drivetrain for a wheelchair (2012)

Power assisted wheelchairs are one of the most advanced wheelchairs in the current commercial market. Although such wheelchairs are well suited for a physically disabled person who needs physical activity, they tend to be expensive and inefficiently designed. This paper introduces the overall development of a novel power assisted wheelchair. Research on the conventional three types of wheelchair is presented, as well as the comparisons among three kinds of wheelchair and the recent design research. The proposed power assisted wheelchair is meant to match and exceed the conventional wheelchair's performance but with a more intelligent and lower cost design. Instead of using a torque sensor or pressure transducers for measuring and amplifying human force, the proposed drive train controller uses infrared sensors to trigger two Brushless DC hub motors. Using this information in addition to the information from a motion sensor that detects the road conditions, appropriate torque command is generated. The whole drive train system's power is supplied by a Li-battery package. One wheelchair prototype has been built, and conceptual designs are modeled and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink.
Conditioning of Fluorine-Containing Polyimides. 2. Effect of Conditioning Protocol at 8 Volume Dilation on Gas-Transport Properties (1999)

The impact of conditioning on the permeability and permselectivity of CO2 and CH4 is discussed for two polyimide isomers that have been conditioned with carbon dioxide using several conditioning protocols. Partial depressurization conditioning at pressures that would induce approximately 8% volume dilation; resulted in up to 50% increases in the permeability, diffusivity, and solubility coefficients of the polyimide isomers. The para-connected isomer, 6FDA-6FpDA, exhibited a greater conditioning effect following partial depressurization conditioning with CO2 at 8% volume dilation than did the meta-connected isomer, 6FDA-6FmDA. Conditioning of 6FDA-6FpDA followed by an exchange with an equimolar mixture of CO2 and CH4 resulted in an increase in the methane permeability and a slight decrease in the permselectivity relative to the film prior to conditioning.
Factors Influencing Zoospore Production in Liquid Cultures of Lagenidium giganteum (Oomycetes, Lagenidiales) (1982)

A procedure is described for producing large numbers of zoospores in liquid cultures of mosquito-parasitizing fungus Lagenidium giganteum. The fungus was grown 4–6 da on a peptone, yeast extract and glucose medium, transferred to a medium of hempseed extract, wheat germ, yeast extract and glucose, propagated for 4–6 da, then washed and transferred to water. Zoospore production at 25 ± 1 C began at 18 h, peaked between 25–28 h, and ceased at 36 h. Fungus grown in the peptone medium for 4–6 da, and then transferred to hempseed medium and grown for 6 da, produced 13,700-21,000 zoospores per ml, whereas fungus grown 7 da in peptone medium and 6 da in hempseed medium produced 6100 zoospores per ml. Zoospore production occurred at a temperature range of 17–28 C with the optimum for production at 25–28 C. Effects of pH and buffers on zoospore production were studied. An LD50 of 1400 zoospores per ml was obtained with second instar larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Transient juvenile hypoglycemia in growth hormone receptor deficiency – mechanistic insights from Laron syndrome and tailored animal models (2021)

The aim of the study is to find possible explanations for vanishing juvenile hypoglycemia in growth hormone receptor deficiency (GHRD) in human patients and animal models. We reviewed parameters of glucose metabolism in distinct age groups into two human cohorts (Israeli and Ecuadorian) of Laron syndrome (LS) patients, a mouse model (Ghr-KO mouse) and provided additional data for a porcine model (GHR-KO pig). Juvenile hypoglycemia is a common symptom of GHRD and vanishes in adulthood. In the Israeli cohort, developing metabolic syndrome is associated with decreasing insulin sensitivity, insulinopenia and glucose intolerance, and increasing glucose levels with age. In the Ecuadorian patients and both animal models, insulin sensitivity is preserved or even enhanced. Alterations in food intake and energy consumption do not explain the differences in glucose levels; neither is the accumulation of body fat associated with negative effects in the Ecuadorian cohort nor in the animal models. A reduced beta-cell mass and resulting insulin secretory capacity is common and leads to glucose intolerance in Ghr-KO mice, while glucose tolerance is preserved in Ecuadorian patients and the GHR-KO pig. In human patients and the GHR-KO pig, a simultaneous occurrence of normoglycemia with the onset of puberty is reported. Reduced gluconeogenesis in GHRD is discussed to cause juvenile hypoglycemia and a counter-regulatory stimulation of gluconeogenesis can be hypothesized. A coherent study assessing endogenous glucose production and beta-cell capacity in the hypoglycemic and normoglycemic age group is needed. This can be performed in GHR-KO pigs, including castrated animals.
Classification of senrorimotor activity in EEG signal (2012)

In this study, a Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) driven Artificial Neural Network (ANN) Classification strategy is presented to classify the mental tasks, namely, left-hand movement imagination, right-hand movement imagination, and word generation in EEG data. According to this strategy, first, electrode re-referencing and band-pass filtering are used to enhance the EEG signal. Then a multi-class extension of Common Spatial Pattern (CSP) analysis is applied to extract features from the EEG data. Finally, a feed-forward Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) are used for classification, comparatively. The performance of the methods is evaluated using the BCI Competition III dataset and an average accuracy of 70,96% is obtained among three subjects. This result is 2,31% better than the winner of the competition.
Multifrequency measurement system for optimising the performance of nonlinear microwave devices (2002)

A test bench has been designed and assembled for experimental study of the electrical behaviour of nonlinear active devices operating under multichromatic excitation. Based on the use of two six-port reflectometers, it can synthesize simultaneously five source and load impedances seen by the device under test. Two-tone measurements performed on an NE 9001 transistor operated in resistive mixer mode show that the linearity of the mixer can be improved by choice of appropriate termination impedances.
Measurement of the cross section for electroweak production of a Z boson, a photon and two jets in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{\mathrm{s}} $$ = 13 TeV and constraints on anomalous quartic couplings (2020)

A bstract A measurement is presented of the cross section for electroweak production of a Z boson and a photon in association with two jets (Z γ jj) in proton-proton collisions. The Z boson candidates are selected through their decay into a pair of electrons or muons. The process of interest, electroweak Z γ jj production, is isolated by selecting events with a large dijet mass and a large pseudorapidity gap between the two jets. The measurement is based on data collected at the CMS experiment at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb − 1 . The observed significance of the signal is 3.9 standard deviations, where a significance of 5.2 standard deviations is expected in the standard model. These results are combined with published results by CMS at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 8 TeV, which leads to observed and expected respective significances of 4.7 and 5.5 standard deviations. From the 13 TeV data, a value is obtained for the signal strength of electroweak Z γ jj production and bounds are given on quartic vector boson interactions in the framework of dimension-eight effective field theory operators.
P2‐009: DEVELOPMENT OF THE MUSCARINIC CHOLINERGIC PAM VU319 FOR COGNITIVE ENHANCEMENT: PHASE 1 TESTS OF SAFETY AND TARGET ENGAGEMENT (2019)

M1 is the primary muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR) subtype involved in domains of cognitive function impaired in Alzheimer's disease. Previous orthosteric and allosteric agonists developed to activate M1 mAChRs have failed in clinical development due to a lack of true specificity for M1 resulting in dose-limiting adverse effects. We have focused on allosteric modulation of less highly conserved binding sites to avoid these difficulties. Our investigational clinical lead (VU319) has robust M1-mediated effects on hippocampal synaptic plasticity, excitatory drive to the prefrontal cortex and positive effects on cognitive function in animal models. Thus this compound was advanced to first-in-human testing. A double-blind Phase 1 Single Ascending Dose (SAD) tolerability and dose ranging studies in both sexes (n = 40) was conducted. This study combined utilized typical safety and PK assessment with novel behavioral and brain-based measures targeting cognitive processes and sensitive to cholinergic drug effects including the effects of cholinergic stimulation on electrophysiologic measures of memory using event-related potentials (ERP). Results of the SAD have shown tolerability with no dose limiting side effects and no significant adverse events that might indicate off target muscarinic receptor stimulation throughout the full range of single doses tested. PK showed excellent oral absorption and bioavailability with a half-life consistent with once daily dosing. VU319 induces effects consistent with the potentiation of M1 activity in the CNS by altering cortical ERP amplitudes to novel vs repeated stimuli and changes in cognitive performance at doses that do not produce typical muscarinic side effects. Acute VU319 in the dose range tested do not show significant adverse effects, show a PK profile consistent with once daily dosing, and can alter cognitive performance and brain activity at doses that do not produce typical muscarinic side effects. Planned further studies include a multiple ascending dose study, and a Phase 2a POC study to assess VU319 effects on cognition and modulation of the functional integrity of cortical networks in MCI by assessing resting and task-based connectivity of the default mode and cognitive control networks. This will help in selecting measures for larger Phase 2 and 3 trials.
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is enhanced in sedentary and endurance-trained low insulin responders (1995)

The mechanisms by which healthy sedentary subjects with low insulin response (LIR; 5-min insulin response to glucose load within lowest quartile of healthy population) maintain a normal glucose tolerance are not clear. We studied glucose uptake and hepatic glucose production in LIR, in healthy subjects with high insulin response (HIR; two highest quartiles of insulin response) matched for weight and physical fitness, and in endurance-trained subjects (ET). For this purpose, we performed hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps using the "hot-GINF" method with high-pressure liquid chromatography purified [6-3H]glucose. All groups had a similar basal glucose appearance rate (Ra). During clamps, plasma insulin levels were doubled to 169 +/- 9 pmol/l, whereas Ra decreased similarly in all groups. Glucose utilization rate increased more in LIR and ET than in HIR (to 20.9 +/- 1.5 mumol.kg-1.min-1 in LIR, P < 0.001 vs. HIR; 27.4 +/- 3.6 in ET, P < 0.01 vs. HIR and LIR; and 14.3 +/- 0.6 in HIR). In conclusion, the present study demonstrates increased insulin sensitivity in LIR and ET with respect to glucose uptake but not glucose production.
Photoredox Iridium–Nickel Dual-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Arylation Cross-Coupling: From Batch to Continuous Flow via Self-Optimizing Segmented Flow Reactor (2018)

Photoredox decarboxylative cross-coupling via iridium–nickel dual catalysis has emerged as a valuable method for C(sp2)–C(sp3) bond formation. Herein we describe the application of a segmented flow (“microslug”) reactor equipped with a newly designed photochemistry module for material-efficient reaction screening and optimization. Through the deployment of a self-optimizing algorithm, optimal flow conditions for the model reaction were rapidly developed, simultaneously accounting for the effects of continuous variables (temperature and time) and discrete variables (base and catalyst). Temperature was found to be a critical parameter with regard to reaction rates and hence productivity in subsequent scale-up in flow. The optimized conditions identified at microscale were found to directly transfer to a Vapourtec UV-150 continuous flow photoreactor, enabling predictable scale-up operation at a scale of hundreds of milligrams per hour. This optimization approach was then expanded to other halide coupling partners that were low-yielding in batch reactions, highlighting the practical application of this optimization platform in the development of conditions for photochemical synthesis in continuous flow.
Identification of the new gene Zrsr1 to associate with the pluripotency state in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) using high throughput sequencing technology (2014)

Finding the markers to predict the quality of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) will accelerate its practical application. The fully pluripotent iPSCs has been determined as viable all-iPSC mice can be generated through tetraploid (4N) complementation. The activation of the imprinted Dlk1-Dio3 gene cluster was reported to correlate with the pluripotency of iPSCs. However, recent studies demonstrated that the loss of imprinting at the Dlk1-Dio3 locus does not strictly correlate with the reduced pluripotency of iPSCs. In our study (ref [1]), iPSC lines with the same genetic background and proviral integration sites were established, and the pluripotency state of each iPSC line was well characterized using tetraploid (4N) complementation assay. The gene expression and global epigenetic modifications of "4N-ON" and the corresponding "4N-OFF" iPSC lines were compared through deep sequencing analysis of mRNA expression, small RNA profiling, histone modifications (H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H3K4me2) and DNA methylation. Very few differences were detected in the iPSC lines that were investigated. However, an imprinted gene, Zrsr1 was disrupted in the "4N-OFF" iPSC lines. Here we provide more detail about the dataset and the R script with additional data for others to repeat the finding.
The effect of neuronal conditional knock-out of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson’s disease (2015)

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), namely PPARγ and PPARδ, has been shown to provide neuroprotection in a number of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease (PD). The observed neuroprotective effects in experimental models of PD have been linked to anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory actions. This study aimed to analyze the full influence of these receptors in neuroprotection by generating a nerve cell-specific conditional knock-out of these receptors and subjecting these genetically modified mice to the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) neurotoxin to model dopaminergic degeneration. Mice null for both receptors show the lowest levels of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive cell bodies following MPTP administration. Presence of one or both these receptors show a trend toward protection against this degeneration, as higher dopaminergic cell immunoreactivity and striatal monoamine levels are evident. These data supplement recent studies that have elected to use agonists of the receptors to regulate immune responses. The results place further importance on the activation of PPARs and the neuroprotective roles these have in inflammatory processes linked to neurodegenerative processes.
Performance Assessment of an Extremely Challenged Mobile Infrastructure Network over the Oceans (2017)

A novel cost-effective network architecture for providing Internet connectivity to marine fishermen has been successfully prototyped by our research center. A pilot deployment is in progress in a coastal Indian village. This will improve the quality of life of the financially constrained marine fishermen who spend 5--7 days offshore on average for a single fishing trip; it will also help in their safety and security. The architecture employs multiple long range Wi-Fi (LR Wi-Fi) based infrastructure networks stitched together as backhaul. The access network consists of Ethernet and Wi-Fi mesh. The fishermen connect to the on board Wi-Fi access point cum router using their smart phones and are able to use all the apps and services on their smart phone. While the primary infrastructure network uses onshore base stations, the secondary infrastructure networks use boats as mobile base stations. Three field trials were conducted over the ocean using one onshore base station and two mid-sized boats known as trawlers. The performance of both primary and secondary infrastructure networks was assessed during these field trials. This paper describes the impressive results obtained in assessing the performance of the secondary infrastructure network.
Utilisation d'algorithmes évolutionnistes en TGAO pour constituer des îlots de fabrication (1995)

International audience
Functional Identification of Cancer-Specific Methylation of CDO1 , HOXA9 , and TAC1 for the Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (2014)

This degree of sensitivity and specificity may be of high value to diagnose the earliest stages of NSCLC. Addition of this three-gene panel to other previously validated methylation biomarkers holds great promise in both early diagnosis and molecular staging of NSCLC.
Acinar filling during secretin-stimulated MR pancreatography. (1998)

Acinar filling might reflect tissue hypertension or loss of pancreatic parenchyma compliance or both. This finding is probably an insensitive but specific sign of early chronic pancreatitis.
A Federated Learning Approach for Mobile Packet Classification (2019)

In order to improve mobile data transparency, a number of network-based approaches have been proposed to inspect packets generated by mobile devices and detect personally identifiable information (PII), ad requests, or other activities. State-of-the-art approaches train classifiers based on features extracted from HTTP packets. So far, these classifiers have only been trained in a centralized way, where mobile users label and upload their packet logs to a central server, which then trains a global classifier and shares it with the users to apply on their devices. However, packet logs used as training data may contain sensitive information that users may not want to share/upload. In this paper, we apply, for the first time, a Federated Learning approach to mobile packet classification, which allows mobile devices to collaborate and train a global model, without sharing raw training data. Methodological challenges we address in this context include: model and feature selection, and tuning the Federated Learning parameters. We apply our framework to two different packet classification tasks (i.e., to predict PII exposure or ad requests in HTTP packets) and we demonstrate its effectiveness in terms of classification performance, communication and computation cost, using three real-world datasets.
Analytical properties of the plasmon decay profile in a periodic metal-nanoparticle chain (2011)

We show that the spatial decay of plasmons in a periodic metal-nanoparticle chain is composed of exponential and power-law decays. Our results show a high level of similarity between the absorptive and radiative decay channels. By analyzing the poles (and the corresponding residues) of the generating function for the lattice Green's function, we explain the details of the spatial decay profile. We also present an analytical formula for the decay profile.
Lipoidal Carrier as Drug Delivery System (2022)

The delivery system plays a vital role in managing the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a drug. The size of the carrier system contributes to its pharmacological action. Lipid-based carriers refer to the formulations containing a dissolved or suspended drug in lipidic excipients. Lipoidal systems as carriers are achieving heights due to their significant lipid nature and the size of particles in the delivery system. The micro/nano-sized lipid-based carriers possess versatility in improving the physic-chemical properties of drugs. Also, they are biocompatible and can be administered through all possible routes. Lipid-based drug delivery carrier systems of new and existing formulations can be commercialized to achieve the desired range of product specifications. Solubility of the drug in various lipids is a key factor in the development of the delivery system. Lipids as functional excipients are compatible with solid, liquid, and semi-solid dosage forms. Besides improving/enhancing the solubility and bioavailability, lipids provide multiple broad-based applications in the pharmaceutical delivery system.
Evaluation of Angiographically Occult Spinal Dural Arteriovenous Fistulae With Surgical Microscope-Integrated Intraoperative Near-Infrared Indocyanine Green Angiography: Report of 3 Cases (2011)

ICG angiography can rapidly identify a draining vein as it enters the spinal canal even in dAVFs not identifiable on catheter-based digital subtraction angiography.
Experiments on Sensitivity of Template Matching for Lung Nodule Detection in Low Dose CT Scans (2007)

Template matching is a common approach for detection of lung nodules from CT scans. Templates may take different shapes, size and intensity distribution. The process of nodule detection is essentially two steps: isolation of candidate nodules, and elimination of false positive nodules. The processes of outlining the detected nodules and their classification (i.e., assigning pathology for each nodule) complete the CAD system for early detection of lung nodules. This paper is concerned with the template design and evaluating the effectiveness of the first step in the nodule detection process. The paper will neither address the problem of reducing false positives nor would it deal with nodule segmentation and classification. Only parametric templates are considered. Modeling the gray scale distribution for the templates is based on the prior knowledge of typical nodules extracted by radiologists. The effectiveness of the template matching is investigated by cross validation with respect to the ground truth and is described by hit rate curves indicating the probability of detection as function of shape, size and orientation, if applicable, of the templates. We used synthetic and sample real CT scan images in our experiments. It is found that template matching is more sensitive to additive noise than image blurring when tests conducted on synthetic data. On the sample CT scans small size circular and hollow-circular templates provided comparable results to human experts.