gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human Hybridomas (1987)

The potential of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) as therapeutic agents has now been firmly established (1). Although the technology for the production of murine hybridoma Mabs has been refined enormously since it was introduced (2), the technology for generating human Mabs has until now lagged behind, chiefly because of the paucity of suitable human cell lines that can serve as fusion partners and support the secretion of immunoglobulin (Ig). Hypoxanthine/aminopterin/thymidine (HAT)-sensitive murine plasmacytomas have been fused with human lymphocytes to yield mouse x human hybrids that secrete human antibody against the Forssman antigen (3), keyhold limpet hemocyanin (KLH) (4), tetanus toxoid (TT) (5,6), human tumor-associated antigen (7–9), and multiple endocrine organs (10). These interspecies hybridomas preferentially segregate human chromosomes, making it difficult to derive stable lines secreting human antibody. However, the loss of human chromosomes from mouse x human hybridomas is not random. It is known, for example, that human chromosomes 14 and 22, which bear the Ig heavy chain and λ light chain locus, respectively, are preferentially retained, whereas chromosome 2, bearing the κ chain locus, is preferentially lost (11,12).
Current perspectives on curative catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (2002)

Following the remarkable success of catheter based ablation techniques in curing regular supraventricular tachycardias, attention has turned to atrial fibrillation

Following the remarkable success of catheter based ablation techniques in curing regular supraventricular tachycardias, the attention of the electrophysiological community has turned upon atrial fibrillation based on the assumption that if surgical incisions with a knife can be duplicated by point by point lesions, a catheter based technique should provide results equivalent to the Maze procedure. Considering that transmurality is an inherent accompaniment of each knife incision, that a surgical atriotomy is much narrower than anything that catheters can currently achieve, and that lesion continuity and placement is assured under direct vision in the surgical field, it is not surprising to note the difficulty encountered in reproducing surgical results by catheter based techniques.

Two early studies attempted to intervene in both atria1,2: one in a progressive incremental fashion and the other more directly imitating the surgical Maze with a biatrial approach. The essential lessons learned from these studies (and supported by more recent ones3) were: that creating continuous linear lesions to duplicate surgical atriotomies was difficult; that right atrial lesions alone were safe but ineffective; that left atrial lesions improved success rates though at a significant morbidity (including proarrhythmic left atrial re-entry) and even mortality cost; but most importantly perhaps, both studies showed the feasibility of cure by catheter based techniques in patients with paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation.

These linear ablation procedures afforded the possibility of observing shortened paroxysms of atrial fibrillation at close quarters with mapping catheters in the left atrium. Stereotyped initiations were traced in nearly all patients to sleeves of atrial myocardium encasing the ostia of one or more pulmonary veins.4 Isolated or multiple discharges culminating in paroxysms of atrial fibrillation …
Structure-Activity Relationships of Alpha-Human Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (.ALPHA.-hANP) Analogs: Role of Charged Groups in .ALPHA.-hANP. (1991)

To determine whether the addition of a methylene unit in the side chain of the Asp or Arg residue in alpha-human atrial natriuretic peptide (alpha-hANP) influences its biological activity, analogs of alpha-hANP, [Glu13]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (1), [Aad13]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (2), and [Harn]-alpha-hANP(7-28) (where n is any possible combination of 11, 14 and 27) (3-9), where the original Asp or Arg residue was replaced by a homo-amino acid, were synthesized by the solid-phase synthesis method. All the analogs were evaluated for their receptor binding, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) accumulation activity in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), and for vasorelaxant activity employing rat aorta. 1 and 2 were 0.9 and 0.03 times as potent as alpha-hANP (7-28), respectively, in binding. Har-containing analogs (3-9) were as potent as alpha-hANP (7-28) in binding. Among the Har-containing analogs, [Har11,14]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (6) and [Har11,27]-alpha-hANP (7-28) (7) were remarkably vasorelaxant active, being 4.2 and 5.3 times potent than alpha-hANP (7-28), respectively, in spite of relatively lower cGMP accumulation activity in the case of 7. The roles of the chargeable amino acid residues in biological activity are discussed.
Mapping the dynamics of a bursting neuron (1993)

The anterior burster (AB) neuron of the lobster stomatogastric ganglion displays varied rhythmic behavior when treated with neuromodulators and channel-blocking toxins. We introduce a channel-based model for this neuron and show how bifurcation analysis can be used to investigate the response of this model to changes of its parameters. Two dimensional maps of the parameter space of the model were constructed using computational tools based on the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems. Changes in the intrinsic firing and oscillatory properties of the model AB neuron were correlated with the boundaries of Hopf and saddle-node bifurcations on these maps. Complex rhythmic patterns were observed, with a bounded region of the parameter plane producing bursting behavior of the model neuron. Experiments were performed by treating an isolated AB cell with 4-aminopyridine which selectively reduces gA, the conductance of the transient potassium channel. The model accurately predicts the qualitative changes in the neuronal voltage oscillations that are observed over a range of reduction of gA in the neuron. These results demonstrate the efficacy of dynamical systems theory as a means of determining the varied oscillatory behaviors inherent in a channel-based neural model. Further, the maps of bifurcations provide a useful tool for determining how these behaviors depend upon model parameters and comparing the model to a real neuron.
Concanavalin A induces a T-cell dependent activation of human tonsil B cells in vitro. (1980)

Tonsillar lymphocytes cultured for 7 days in serum-supplemented RPMI-1640 medium were stimulated with Con A or PWM. IgM production was assessed by a hemagglutination inhibition assay. IgM was produced after Con A as well as PWM stimulation. Our data show that T-cell irradiation and/or addition of small numbers of T cells to the responding B-cell population facilitate(s) IgM synthesis. In particular in Con A-stimulated cultures the T-cell number is critical in regulating the appearance of suppressor effects. The results are discussed in terms of the various subpopulations possibly involved in the response to these mitogens.
Photochemical charge separation in zeolites: Electron transfer dynamics, nanocrystals and zeolitic membranes. Final technical report (2001)

Aluminosilicate zeolites provide an excellent host for photochemical charge separation. Because of the constraints provided by the zeolite, the back electron transfer from the reduced acceptor to the oxidized sensitizer is slowed down. This provides the opportunity to separate the charge and use it in a subsequent reaction for water oxidation and reduction. Zeolite-based ruthenium oxide catalysts have been found to be efficient for the water splitting process. This project has demonstrated the usefulness of zeolite hosts for photolytic splitting of water.
Electrophysiological studies of chemoreceptors sensitive to pyridine on the crayfish walking leg. II. Characteristics of inhibitory molecules (1988)

Journal Article Electrophysiological studies of chemoreceptors sensitive to pyridine on the crayfish walking leg. II. Characteristics of inhibitory molecules Get access I. Schmiedel-Jakob, I. Schmiedel-Jakob 2 Physiologisches Institut der Technischen Universität MünchenBiedersteiner Strasse 29, D-8000 München 40 2Present address: The Whitney Laboratory, 9505 Ocean Shore Bivd, St Augustine, FL 32086, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar V. Breuninger, V. Breuninger 1Institut für Pharmakologie, Toxikologie und Pharmazie der Universität MünchenFB Tiermedizin, Veterinärstrasse 13, D-8000 München 22, FRG Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar H. Hatt H. Hatt Physiologisches Institut der Technischen Universität MünchenBiedersteiner Strasse 29, D-8000 München 40 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chemical Senses, Volume 13, Issue 4, November 1988, Pages 619–632, https://doi.org/10.1093/chemse/13.4.619 Published: 01 November 1988 Article history Received: 01 February 1988 Accepted: 21 June 1988 Published: 01 November 1988
Tumor Engraftment in Nude Mice and Enrichment in Stroma- Related Gene Pathways Predict Poor Survival and Resistance to Gemcitabine in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer (2011)

A successful xenograft was generated in 61% of patients attempted, generating a pool of 42 PDA xenografts with significant biological information and annotated clinical data. Patients with PDA and SMAD4 inactivation have a better engraftment rate. Engraftment is a poor prognosis factor, and engrafted tumors have a metastatic gene expression signature. Tumors from gemcitabine-resistant patients were enriched in stromal pathways.
Preferential Targeting of CD4-CCR5 Complexes with Bifunctional Inhibitors: A Novel Approach to Block HIV-1 Infection (2005)

Two receptors, CD4 and one of several chemokine receptors, are required for cellular HIV-1 infection, with CCR5 being the main coreceptor for macrophage-tropic strains. We have designed bifunctional fusion proteins, consisting of RANTES/CCL5 and a single-chain Fv Ab fragment against CD4 to simultaneously block CD4 and CCR5. The fusion proteins bind to both receptors, compete with RANTES/CCL5 binding, and induce down-modulation of CCR5 approximately 10 times more efficiently on CD4+ compared with CD8+ T cells. Moreover, after short incubation and subsequent washout, a significant down-modulation of CCR5 was only seen with the fusion proteins and only on CD4+ cells, but not with unmodified RANTES or on CD4- cells, indicating a preferential targeting of CCR5 on CD4+ T cells. The fusion proteins block M-tropic HIV infection more efficiently than RANTES/CCL5 and CD4 Abs alone or in combination. To our knowledge this is the first report of simultaneous blockade of an HIV-1 receptor and coreceptor with bifunctional inhibitors.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (S)-2-Chloroalkanoic Acids with High Enantiomeric Excess by Diastereoselective Halogenation of α-D-Glucofuranose-Derived Silyl Ketene Acetals (1991)

Chlorination with N-chlorosuccinimide of silyl ketene acetals 2 prepared from chiral esters 1 (1,2:5,6-di-O-isopropylidene-α-D-glucofuranose 3-alkanoates) and subsequent saponification of 2-chloro esters 3 provides (S)-2-chloroalkanoic acids with 75-90% enantiomeric excess and 65-72% overall yield from esters 1.
Modified rectangular patch antenna for improving heating uniformity in hyperthermia application (2015)

A patch antenna proposed for improving a heating uniformity in order to provide the optimal therapeutic effect in the hyperthermia system. To have uniform thermal distribution, the proposed patch antenna is composed of the multiple slits and the cross-shaped slots which are printed on the ground plane. The uniformity of heating effect is enhanced, as compared to the result of a conventional patch antenna. Proposed antenna induces the temperature distribution with exact round shape in the effective treatment area (ETA). The ETA is employed to demonstrate the thermal performance of the proposed antenna. Therefore, the heating uniformity is improved by 24% in the result.
Data from Bayesian Network Inference Modeling Identifies TRIB1 as a Novel Regulator of Cell-Cycle Progression and Survival in Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Molecular networks governing responses to targeted therapies in cancer cells are complex dynamic systems that demonstrate nonintuitive behaviors. We applied a novel computational strategy to infer probabilistic causal relationships between network components based on gene expression. We constructed a model comprised of an ensemble of networks using multidimensional data from cell line models of cell-cycle arrest caused by inhibition of MEK1/2. Through simulation of a reverse-engineered Bayesian network model, we generated predictions of G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–S transition. The model identified known components of the cell-cycle machinery, such as CCND1, CCNE2, and CDC25A, as well as revealed novel regulators of G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–S transition, IER2, TRIB1, TRIM27. Experimental validation of model predictions confirmed 10 of 12 predicted genes to have a role in G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–S progression. Further analysis showed that TRIB1 regulated the cyclin D1 promoter via NFκB and AP-1 sites and sensitized cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. In clinical specimens of breast cancer, TRIB1 levels correlated with expression of NFκB and its target genes (&lt;i&gt;IL8, CSF2&lt;/i&gt;), and TRIB1 copy number and expression were predictive of clinical outcome. Together, our results establish a critical role of TRIB1 in cell cycle and survival that is mediated via the modulation of NFκB signaling. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 77(7); 1575–85. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A model for predicting effect of treatment on progression-free survival using MRD as a surrogate end point in CLL (2017)

Our objective was to evaluate minimal residual disease (MRD) at the end of induction treatment with chemoimmunotherapy as a surrogate end point for progression-free survival (PFS) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) based on 3 randomized, phase 3 clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov identifiers NCT00281918, NCT00769522, and NCT02053610). MRD was measured in peripheral blood (PB) from treatment-naïve patients in the CLL8, CLL10, and CLL11 clinical trials, and quantified by 4-color flow cytometry or allele-specific oligonucleotide real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. A meta-regression model was developed to predict treatment effect on PFS using treatment effect on PB-MRD. PB-MRD levels were measured in 393, 337, and 474 patients from CLL8, CLL10, and CLL11, respectively. The model demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between treatment effect on PB-MRD and treatment effect on PFS. As the difference between treatment arms in PB-MRD response rates increased, a reduction in the risk of progression or death was observed; for each unit increase in the (log) ratio of MRD<sup>-</sup> rates between arms, the log of the PFS hazard ratio decreased by -0.188 (95% confidence interval, -0.321 to -0.055; <i>P</i> = .008). External model validation on the REACH trial and sensitivity analyses confirm the robustness and applicability of the surrogacy model. Our surrogacy model supports use of PB-MRD as a primary end point in randomized clinical trials of chemoimmunotherapy in CLL. Additional CLL trial data are required to establish a more precise quantitative relationship between MRD and PFS, and to support general applicability of MRD surrogacy for PFS across diverse patient characteristics, treatment regimens, and different treatment mechanisms of action.
Designing Technology for Sociotechnical Problems: Challenges and Considerations (2020)

Designing technology for sociotechnical problems is challenging due to the heterogeneity of stakeholders' needs, the diversity among their values and perspectives, and the disparity in their technical skills. Careful considerations are needed to ensure that data collection is inclusive and representative of the target populations. It is also important to employ data analysis methods that are compatible with users' technical skills and are capable of drawing a representative picture of people's values, priorities, and needs. However, current technical solutions often fail to meet these critical requirements. In this article, we present a set of empirically-driven design considerations for building technological interventions to address sociotechnical issues. We then discuss open challenges and tradeoffs around privacy, ethics, bias, uncertainty, and trust. We conclude with a call to action for researchers to advance the domain knowledge and improve our technological arsenal for addressing sociotechnical problems.
Advances of Near Infrared Sensitized Radical and Cationic Photopolymerization: from Graphic Industry to Traditional Coatings (2016)

This contribution summarizes recent progress in the field of near-infrared (NIR) initiated photopolymerization. The photoinitiator system consists of a cyanine as sensitizer (Sens) and an iodonium salt with distinct structural pattern of both the cation and anion as radical initiator. Both, photonic and thermal events are discussed as the main source for formation of initiating species. Electron transfer between the excited state of Sens (Sens*) and the iodonium salt can be seen as the main source for formation of initiating species such as radicals and protons/electrophiles. Furthermore, the ion mobility as probed by the electric conductivity possesses a major function to tune the reactivity of the photopolymer system. The reactivity of these systems was studied in different applications such as Computer to Plate (CtP), LED curing, photonic baking, and curing of powder coatings with NIR lasers exhibiting line shape focus.
The Impact Of The Cultural Revolution On Reform Era Political Culture (2010)

This chapter examines the legacy of the Cultural Revolution, in particular its impact upon China's post-1978 polity. According to the author, the Cultural Revolution is a watershed, not just in the history of the China, but also in modern Chinese history, and even when seen against the backdrop of the long sweep of Chinese dynastic history. Though willing to adopt any policy to get China back on the road to wealth and power, the aim espoused by all patriots at the start of the 20th century, Deng Xiaoping did not pay much heed to the goal of democracy espoused by the leading Chinese revolutionary of that time, Sun Yatsen. A favorite observation of Mao Zedong's - out of bad things can come good things - may be applicable also to the Cultural Revolution: a terrible era, but out of which has emerged a saner, more prosperous, and perhaps one day a democratic China. Keywords: Chinese political system; cultural revolution; Deng Xiaoping; Mao Zedong; reform era
Chemical Modification of Novel Glycosidases from Lactobacillus plantarum Using Hyaluronic Acid: Effects on High Specificity against 6-Phosphate Glucopyranoside (2019)

Three novel glycosidases produced from Lactobacillus plantarum, so called Lp_0440, Lp_2777, and Lp_3525, were isolated and overexpressed on Escherichia coli containing a His-tag for specific purification. Their specific activity was evaluated against the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenylglycosides and p-nitrophenyl-6-phosphate glycosides (glucose and galactose) at pH 7. All three were modified with hyaluronic acid (HA) following two strategies: A simple coating by direct incubation at alkaline pH or direct chemical modification at pH 6.8 through preactivation of HA with carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) at pH 4.8. The modifications exhibited important effect on enzyme activity and specificity against different glycopyranosides in the three cases. Physical modification showed a radical decrease in specific activity on all glycosidases, without any significant change in enzyme specificity toward monosaccharide (glucose or galactose) or glycoside (C-6 position free or phosphorylated). However, the surface covalent modification of the enzymes showed very interesting results. The glycosidase Lp_0440 showed low glycoside specificity at 25 °C, showing the same activity against p-nitrophenyl-glucopyranoside (pNP-Glu) or p-nitrophenyl-6-phosphate glucopyranoside (pNP-6P-Glu). However, the conjugated cHA-Lp_0440 showed a clear increase in the specificity towards the pNP-Glu and no activity against pNP-6P-Glu. The other two glycosidases (Lp_2777 and Lp_3525) showed high specificity towards pNP-6P-glycosides, especially to the glucose derivative. The HA covalent modification of Lp_3525 (cHA-Lp_3525) generated an enzyme completely specific against the pNP-6P-Glu (phosphoglycosidase) maintaining more than 80% of the activity after chemical modification. When the temperature was increased, an alteration of selectivity was observed. Lp_0440 and cHA-Lp_0440 only showed activity against p-nitrophenyl-galactopyranoside (pNP-Gal) at 40 °C, higher than at 25 °C in the case of the conjugated enzyme.
Enhanced oxaliplatin-induced apoptosis following antisense Bcl-xl down-regulation is p53 and Bax dependent: Genetic evidence for specificity of the antisense effect (2004)

The combination of oxaliplatin and Bcl-xl antisense merits testing in models of colorectal cancer in vivo.
Dynamic Crystallization Kinetics and Nucleation Parameters of a New Generation of Nanocomposites Based on Isotactic Polypropylene and MoS2Inorganic Nanotubes (2011)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and time-resolved synchrotron X-ray diffraction have been used to investigate the dynamic crystallization behavior and crystalline structure of novel nanocomposites based on isotactic polypropylene (iPP) and molybdenum disulfide inorganic nanotubes (INT-MoS(2)). The influence of the INT-MoS(2) content and different cooling rates on the crystallization behavior has been studied. The crystallization exothermic peak shifted to higher temperature, and the overall crystallization time was reduced by increasing the INT-MoS(2). The dynamic crystallization kinetics was analyzed using the Ozawa-Avrami method, which was successful in describing the dynamic crystallization behavior of these new nanocomposites. On the other hand, study of the nucleation activity using the Dobreva method revealed that the INT-MoS(2) had an efficient nucleation effect on the monoclinic crystal form of iPP. Moreover, this effect was corroborated by the results of the crystallization activation energy, calculated using Kissinger and Takhor methods, which also confirmed the fact that the addition of INT-MoS(2) made the molecular chains easier to crystallize and increased the crystallization rate of iPP.
One-pot imine synthesis from methylarenes and anilines under air over heterogeneous Cu oxide-modified CeO2 catalyst (2020)

Cu oxide-modified CeO<sub>2</sub> (CuO<sub>x</sub>-CeO<sub>2</sub>) with 2 wt% Cu loading amount was the most effective and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for selective one-pot imine synthesis from methylarenes and anilines via direct oxidation of the sp<sup>3</sup> C-H bond in the methylarenes with atmospheric air (0.1 MPa) as an oxidant.
Serelaxin treatment promotes adaptive hypertrophy but does not prevent heart failure in experimental peripartum cardiomyopathy (2016)

Although Relaxin-2 levels seemed lower in PPCM patients diagnosed early postpartum, we observed a high pregnancy-related variance of serum Relaxin-2 levels peripartum making it unsuitable as a biomarker for this condition. Supplementation with sRlx may contribute to angiogenesis and compensatory hypertrophy in the diseased heart, but the effects are not sufficient to prevent heart failure in an experimental PPCM model.