gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways in cardiac fibrosis: non-coding RNAs come into focus (2020)

Cardiac fibrosis describes the inappropriate proliferation of cardiac fibroblasts (CFs), leading to accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins in the cardiac muscle, which is found in many pathophysiological heart conditions. A range of molecular components and cellular pathways, have been implicated in its pathogenesis. In this review, we focus on the TGF-β and WNT signaling pathways, and their mutual interaction, which have emerged as important factors involved in cardiac pathophysiology. The molecular and cellular processes involved in the initiation and progression of cardiac fibrosis are summarized. We focus on TGF-β and WNT signaling in cardiac fibrosis, ECM production, and myofibroblast transformation. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are one of the main players in the regulation of multiple pathways and cellular processes. MicroRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular long non-coding RNAs can all interact with the TGF-β/WNT signaling axis to affect cardiac fibrosis. A better understanding of these processes may lead to new approaches for diagnosis and treatment of many cardiac conditions. Video Abstract.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Contraction of 2‐O‐Trifluoromethanesulfonates of α‐Hydroxy‐. gamma.‐lactones to Oxetane Carboxylic Esters. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A novel method for analyzing formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue sections by mass spectrometry imaging (2007)

Significant advances have been made in the past decade in the field of mass spectrometry imaging (MS imaging). It is a relatively unestablished technique aimed at direct, high-sensitive and spatially exclusive detection of biological molecules from the surface of tissue sections, so that semi-quantitative distribution map of the analyte can be reconstituted from the mass spectra obtained. There is tremendous potential in its application especially in clinical field, such as biomarker discovery or pharmacokinetic study. However, vast majority of the work has been performed on frozen tissue sections, while it remains generally unpractical to produce frozen sections with clinically resected tumor samples. Here we report our novel sample preparation technique that enabled MS imaging from formalin-fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue section, including retrospective archive as old as 11 years. FFPE sections were first dewaxed with pre-warmed xylene, and exposed tissue surface was enzymatically digested in nanoliter scale droplets to retain analyte localization. As a result, we succeeded in obtaining MS images of peptide peaks derived from several proteins, identified by MS/MS analysis, using ovarian cancer FFPE sections. The qualities of mass spectra obtained by this method were not significantly different from those obtained from frozen sections. By this, we opened the door to retrospective study of past clinical cases in aim to discover molecular biomarker.
Structure‐energy model of the wear resistance of metallic materials in heterogeneous continua (2004)

This paper describes the elastic state of heterogenous materials within the framework of the mechanics of heterogenous continua. Failure condition of a two‐phase material is formulated and the dependencies of hydroabrasive and cavitational wear of steel on the spacing of the inclusions of martensite in steels with ferritic‐cementitic and austenitic structures are established. The dependence of the wear resistance criterion on the stress, distribution density and austenitic grain diameter is also presented. The results made it possible to develop an effective structure‐energy model to describe wear processes of materials and coatings.
Demonstration of extended RF chirp generation via time division multiplexing (2005)

We have demonstrated a novel modulation scheme based on TDM to extend the frequency span of a chirped RF signal. Extended RF chirp we have generated agrees very well with the conventional RF chirp signal.
Ring-oscillator test-structures for sub-0.1% accuracy wafer-level characterization of active- and standby current consumption, variability, and fast aging of oscillation frequencies (2017)

This paper describes a set of ring oscillator test structures, with individually measurable static and dynamic supply currents, Nwell/Pwell leakage currents, and frequency. Purpose is to characterize frequency, leakage and aging and their variabilities, serving the stringent low-energy consumption requirements for IoT products. To obtain a comprehensive technology performance overview, these ring oscillator modules are realized in both GO1 (core oxide, four threshold flavors) and GO2 (I/O oxide, one threshold), either from inverters (mostly) or dual-input NAND/NOR cells, and with channel lengths varying from module to module.
Design of Parallel Image Compression Circuits for High-speed CMOS Image Sensors (2007)

We investigated parallel image compression circuits suitable for integration in high-speed CMOS image sensors.We compared the coding efficiency and hardware complexity of several image compression algorithms that use 2-D DCTs using simulation and logic synthesis,and found that using 4$\ imes$4 point 2-D DCT-based coding methods reduced hardware complexity and improved coding efficiency.We developed a parallel processing architecture for on-sensor image compression that use a processing element array and a data-buffering scheme for parallel data-output.We constructed a prototype 256 $\ imes$ 256 pixel high-speed CMOS image sensor chip that integrates 16 image compression-processing elements and uses 0.25-$\mu$m CMOS technology.The area of the image compression circuits is 80\% of the image array with 15 $\mu$m square pixels.The entire chip could be operated at a clock frequency of 53.6 MHz,and high-speed images compressed by a factor of four could be read out at 10,000 fps using a 32-bit parallel bus.
Interference alignment in heterogeneous networks with macro-to-picocell offloaded users (2016)

This work proposes a symbol-spreading-based interference alignment technique to reduce the interference suffered by a user that has been offloaded from a macrocell to a picocell in a heterogeneous network scenario. The proposed precoding and decoding technique uses the time dimension on the OFDM symbol basis to improve the effective signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at the affected user, without requiring coordination between the macro and pico base stations. Our simulation results demonstrate improvements w.r.t. the performance of current interference coordination techniques used in the latest releases of LTE-Advanced, with the added feature of avoiding compromising the resources of the interfering macrocell.
Characterization of amphioxusAmphiWnt8 : insights into the evolution of patterning of the embryonic dorsoventral axis (2000)

The full-length sequence and developmental expression of an amphioxus Wnt gene (AmphiWnt8) are described. In amphioxus embryos, the expression patterns of AmphiWnt8 suggest patterning roles in the forebrain, in the hindgut, and in the paraxial mesoderm that gives rise to the muscular somites. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that a single Wnt8 subfamily gene in an ancestral chordate duplicated early in vertebrate evolution into a Wnt8 clade and a Wnt8b clade. Coincident with this gene duplication, the functions of the ancestral AmphiWnt8-like gene appear to have been divided between vertebrate Wnt8b (exclusively neurogenic, especially in the forebrain) and vertebrate Wnt8 (miscellaneous, especially in early somitogenesis). Amphioxus AmphiWnt8 and its vertebrate Wnt8 homologs probably play comparable roles in the early dorsoventral patterning of the embryonic body axis.
Mechanisms of synergism between arteriolar embolization and hyperthermia in a rabbit V-2 model of solitary hepatic metastasis. (1986)

In a V-2 model of solitary hepatic metastasis, residual tumor was histologically identified in the treatment field in only three of 14 (21%) animals subjected to microsphere embolization of tumor arterioles plus focal (43 degrees C, 40 min) hyperthermia compared with seven of ten (70%) subjected to focal (43 degrees C, 40 min) hyperthermia alone (P less than or equal to 0.05), five of seven (71%) (P less than or equal to 0.05) treated by occlusion plus sham heating, and five of five (100%) (P less than or equal to 0.01) sham-treated controls. Prior occlusion tended to reduce the radiofrequency power required for heat up and steady-state temperature maintenance of tumors (P less than or equal to 0.09 and P less than or equal to 0.06, respectively) and reduced the cooling rate after heating compared to unoccluded tumors (P less than or equal to 0.02) but did not affect mean time to temperature, maximum and minimum temperature measured at the tumor-normal tissue interface, and animal core temperature compared with that of the hyperthermia alone treatment group. In ten other animals with hepatic V-2 tumors of comparable size subjected to focal hyperthermia plus or minus arteriolar embolization, temperatures were continuously monitored at four additional intratumor sites in a fixed geometric orientation around the heating probe. No significant differences were noted in maximum and minimum temperatures in comparably oriented probes over a 40-min heating period between the hyperthermia and the occlusion-hyperthermia treatment groups. In five other animals with solitary V-2 hepatic implants, comparable microembolization plus or minus focal tumor heating to 43 degrees C, 40 min, did not significantly reduce tumor interstitial pH compared with pretreatment values. This study reproduces previously observed synergism between arteriolar embolization and hyperthermia but suggests the mechanism may be unrelated to observable differences in intratumor pH and thermal profile and may result from other mechanisms, perhaps by mimicking the angioocclusive effects of hyperthermia itself.
The antiangiogenic efficacy of NGR-modified PEG–DSPE micelles containing paclitaxel (NGR-M-PTX) for the treatment of glioma in rats (2010)

Aminopeptidase N (APN), recognized by Asn-Gly-Arg (NGR) peptides, is expressed in the pericytes associated with the BBB, and the main objective of this study is to confirm the hypothesis that NGR-modified DSPE-PEG micelles containing paclitaxel (NGR-M-PTX) can bind to and kill brain tumor angiogenic blood vessels and penetrate into the brain tumor interstitial space, resulting in direct cell death. NGR-M-PTX is prepared by a thin-film hydration method. The in vitro targeting characteristics of NGR-modified micelles on BMEC (murine brain microvascular endothelial cells) were investigated. The effect of NGR-M-PTX on BMEC proliferation and the cytotoxicity of NGR-M-PTX in C6 glioma cells were also tested. The antitumor activity NGR-M-PTX was evaluated in C6 glioma tumor-bearing rats in vivo. The particle size of NGR-M-PTX was approximately 54.2 nm. The drug encapsulation efficiency of NGR-M-PTX was 82.11 ± 2.82%. The cellular coumarin-6 level of NGR-M-coumarin-6 in the BMEC was about 2.2-fold higher than that of M-coumarin-6. BMEC proliferation was significantly inhibited by NGR-M-PTX. NGR-M-PTX had a much lower IC(50) value than M-PTX and free drug. The growth of C6 glioma tumor was markedly inhibited by NGR-M-PTX compared with Taxol. In conclusion, our results show that antiangiogenic therapy using NGR-M-PTX exhibits potent in vivo antitumor activity in a C6 glioma-bearing animal model.
E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Midline 1 Regulates Endothelial Cell ICAM-1 Expression and Neutrophil Adhesion in Abdominal Sepsis (2022)

Septic lung damage is associated with endothelial cell and neutrophil activation. This study examines the role of the E3 ubiquitin ligase midline 1 (Mid1) in abdominal sepsis. Mid1 expression was increased in endothelial cells derived from post-capillary venules in septic mice and TNF-α challenge increased Mid1 levels in endothelial cells in vitro. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of Mid1 decreased TNF-α-induced upregulation of ICAM-1 and neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cells. Moreover, Mid1 silencing reduced leukocyte adhesion in post-capillary venules in septic lungs in vivo. The silencing of Mid1 not only decreased Mid1 expression but also attenuated expression of ICAM-1 in lungs from septic mice. Lastly, TNF-α stimulation decreased PP2Ac levels in endothelial cells in vitro, which was reversed in endothelial cells pretreated with siRNA directed against Mid1. Thus, our novel data show that Mid1 is an important regulator of ICAM-1 expression and neutrophil adhesion in vitro and septic lung injury in vivo. A possible target of Mid1 is PP2Ac in endothelial cells. Targeting the Mid1-PP2Ac axis may be a useful way to reduce pathological lung inflammation in abdominal sepsis.
File System Virtual Appliances: Third-Party File System Implementations Without the Pain (2008)

File system virtual appliances (FSVAs) address a major headache faced by third-party FS developers: OS version compatibility.By packaging their FS implementation in a VM, separate from the VM that runs user applications, they can avoid the need to provide an FS port for every kernel version and OS distribution.A small FS-agnostic proxy, maintained by the core OS developers, connects the FSVA to whatever kernel version the user chooses.Evaluation of prototype FSVA support in Linux, using Xen as the VM platform, demonstrates that this separation can be efficient and maintain desired OS and virtualization features.Using three existing file systems and a cooperative caching extension as a case study, we demonstrate that the FSVA architecture can insulate FS implementations from user OS differences that would otherwise require explicit porting changes.
Multipath mitigation for narrowband receivers (2002)

Narrowband receivers are more robust to narrowband interference and to GPS signal faults, but they tend to have relatively poor multipath performance. Few current techniques are capable of mitigating multipath in these receivers. The tracking error compensator (TrEC) however operates independent of the receiver's precorrelation bandwidth (PCB) using the concept of multipath invariance (MPI). Theoretical bandlimited mitigation performance curves for this approach were generated and compared to those of a conventional delay-lock loop. The effects of a narrow PCB on the TrEC were experimentally investigated. A practical TrEC algorithm was developed and implemented on a Mitel Semiconductor receiver having a 2 MHz PCB. The performance curves and accompanying statistics were validated for short-delay multipath using a GPS signal generator to generate multipath with known characteristics on a prescribed pseudorange. Measured pseudorange errors were compared to those estimated by the TrEC in real-time. For the same case, position errors resulting from short and long time-constant carrier smoothing and were contrasted with those from the TrEC algorithm. This data suggests that it may be possible to significantly improve the multipath mitigation performance of narrowband receivers.
A ressource planner for hybrid assembly lines (1999)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Readjustment of the Neon Atom Ionized in theKShell by X Rays (1964)

The distribution of neon ions that result from ionization by x rays has been measured with a coincidence time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Radiation from an aluminum target, filtered through a beryllium foil, was used so that in more than 95% of the events a $K$ electron was removed. The observed charges, including $L$ ionization, are distributed as follows: ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{1+}$=3%; ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{2+}$=66%; ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{3+}$=24%; ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{4+}$=6%; ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{5+}$=0.8%. On the average 2.4 electrons are removed per interaction. The charge spectrum has also been computed using calculated $K\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{LL}$ Auger transition rates and electron shake-off probabilities as given by the ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ decay of ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{23}$. The assumptions of the models used as well as the applicability to the present study have been examined. Comparison of the calculations with the experimental data indicates the presence of other modes of ionization.
Optimization of Rhodium-Based Catalysts for Mixed Alcohol Synthesis -- 2011 Progress Report (2011)

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory has been conducting research to investigate the feasibility of producing mixed alcohols from biomass-derived synthesis gas (syngas). In recent years, this research has primarily involved the further development of catalysts containing rhodium and manganese based on the results of earlier catalyst screening tests. Research during FY 2011 continued to examine the performance of RhMn catalysts on alternative supports including selected zeolite, silica, and carbon supports. Catalyst optimization continued using both the Davisil 645 and Merck Grade 7734 silica supports. Research also was initiated in FY 2011, using the both Davisil 645 silica and Hyperion CS-02C-063 carbon supports, to evaluate the potential for further improving catalyst performance, through the addition of one or two additional metals as promoters to the catalysts containing Rh, Mn, and Ir.
Incoherent digital holograms acquired by interferenceless coded aperture\n correlation holography system without refractive lenses (2017)

We present a lensless, interferenceless incoherent digital holography\ntechnique based on the principle of coded aperture correlation holography. The\nacquired digital hologram by this technique contains a three-dimensional image\nof some observed scene. Light diffracted by a point object is modulated using a\nrandom-like coded phase mask (CPM) and the intensity pattern is recorded and\ncomposed as a point spread hologram (PSH). A library of PSH is created using\nthe same CPM by moving the pinhole to all possible axial locations. Intensity\ndiffracted through the same CPM from an object placed within the axial limits\nof the PSH library is recorded by a digital camera. The recorded intensity this\ntime is composed as the object hologram. The image of the object at any axial\nplane is reconstructed by cross-correlating the object hologram with the\ncorresponding component of the PSH library. The reconstruction noise attached\nto the image is suppressed by various methods. The reconstruction results of\nmulti-plane and thick objects by this technique are compared with regular\nlens-based imaging.\n
Strategies for the synthesis of highly concentrated Si1−yCy diamond-structured systems (1998)

Precursor chemistry and ultrahigh-vacuum chemical vapor deposition have been used to deposit Si1−yCy thin films on (001) Si substrates. Films with carbon compositions ranging up to 20 at. % were deposited at substrate temperatures of 600–740 °C using gas mixtures of SiH4 with C(SiH3)4 or C(SiH2Cl)4, which are (C–H)-free precursors incorporating Si4C tetrahedra. The composition of the resulting materials was obtained by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, including carbon resonance analysis. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to provide microstructural and bonding information. Raman spectroscopy suggested that the substitutional C concentration obtained using this protocol was higher than that obtained by other methods. The addition of small amounts of GeH4 to the gas mixture had a remarkable effect on growth rates and film crystallinity.
Development of injectable polymer-derived ceramics for high temperature MEMS (2002)

In this paper, a novel processing technique for fabrication of high temperature MEMS is reported. The process consists of four steps: (1) casting a liquid polymer precursor into molds with desired structures; (2) heating the filled mold for thermosetting the polymer; (3) bonding different solid polymer parts together using the same liquid polymer as an adhesive; (4) converting the polymer to a ceramic by thermal decomposition. The technology allows implementation of MEMS components with complex three-dimensional, multi-layer structures. The resultant polymer-derived ceramics, based-on amorphous alloys of silicon, carbon and nitrogen, can be used at temperatures up to 1500/spl deg/C.
Adaptive Noise Reduction for Real-Time Applications (2010)

The papers at this Convention have been selected on the basis of a submitted abstract and extended precis that have been peer reviewed by at least two qualified anonymous reviewers. This convention paper has been reproduced from the author’s advance manuscript, without editing, corrections, or consideration by the Review Board. The AES takes no responsibility for the contents. Additional papers may be obtained by sending request and remittance to Audio
ChemInform Abstract: Sugar Amino Acid Containing Somatostatin Analogues that Induce Apoptosis in Both Drug‐Sensitive and Multidrug‐Resistant Tumor Cells. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Introduction: FIGURE 1. (2008)

Perhaps the best way to understand cancer is to think of cancer as an organ, just like other organs such as the lungs, kidneys, or liver. Although the cancer organ arises within other organs it does in fact have the complexity of other organs. Instead of simply thinking about cancer cells in
Real-Time Subcarrier Cluster-Based Adaptive Modulation for Underwater Acoustic OFDM Communication (2020)

Adaptive modulation is appealing for underwater acoustic (UA) communication system in order to improve the system efficiency. High data rate communication is challenging as underwater channels are fast varying according to environmental conditions. Self-adapting systems can select the best technique for time-varying underwater channel based on the channel condition to guarantee continuous connectivity and optimal performance all the time. This paper presents a real-time orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) based adaptive UA communication system, implemented using the National Instruments (NI) CompactDAQ device and the LabVIEW software. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is calculated at the receiver for clusters (group of subcarriers) to reduce the computational and feedback load and used as a performance metric to switch the modulation mode of each cluster which is fed back to the transmitter for data transmission. The experimental results verify the superiority of the proposed adaptive scheme.