gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
What Are the Hurdles to Full Vehicle Electrification? [Technology Leaders] (2019)

The future of passenger vehicle propulsion is electric. This has been suggested and projected before, and today this is being pursued with greater enthusiasm than ever. No one has a functional crystal ball, but, based on many industry indicators, full electrification of the passengervehicle propulsion system is the future, and General Motors (GM) is committed to it. The only questions are when will this be done and what are the hurdles? These industry indicators include the unprecedented R&D expenditures on battery electric vehicles (BEVs), particularly on battery development, utilities? emphasis on grid compatibility with BEVs, and charging station proliferation. In addition, customer acceptance has been on the increase, and legislative urgency has been mounting globally.
Spontaneous T cell antigen receptor variants of a human T leukemia cell line. (1988)

We have sought to address the question of clonal variation of TCR within a human T leukemia cell line, HPB-ALL. To do so, a panel of anti-idiotypic antibodies was produced and the cell line examined for variants. We isolated both spontaneous idiotype and receptor-negative variants without applying mutagens or any selective pressure other than sorting the cells. These sorted and cloned populations are all clonally related to each other as shown by their beta-TCR locus gene rearrangements. The idiotype variants have alpha-chains which are differentially glycosylated, but they have the same size core protein after treatment with peptide N-glycosidase F to remove their carbohydrate side chains. This probably accounts for their idiotypic difference, since the antibody that distinguishes them appears dependent upon glycosylation for its binding, as shown by immunoprecipitation in the presence versus the absence of tunicamycin, which inhibits glycosylation from occurring. The idiotype variants differed from one another in variable region sequences by only a single amino acid substitution in the beta-chain, which is likely not important for the idiotypic difference. The receptor-negative variant produces both alpha- and beta-mRNA and cytoplasmic protein for TCR, but fails to transport this protein to the cell surface. We conclude that idiotype and receptor-negative variants of a T cell clone can occur in the absence of appreciable somatic mutation.
Hearing Impairment, Auditory Perception, and Language Disability by John Bamford and Elaine Saunders (1987)

First Page
A Broadband Doherty Power Amplifier Based on Continuous-Mode Technology (2016)

In this paper, a novel broadband Doherty power amplifier based on the continuous-mode technique (C-DPA) is proposed. The amplifier is focused on manipulating harmonic components in a Doherty power amplifier (DPA) structure to achieve improved bandwidth and efficiency. In a conventional DPA, harmonic isolation is typically required between the two transistors to prevent them from modulating each other at harmonic frequencies. However, as presented in this paper, such isolation is not actually necessary. On the contrary, by allowing the two transistors to modulate each other at harmonic frequencies with the help of a properly designed postharmonic tuning network, a series of highly efficient DPA modes can be created over a continuous frequency band, leading to a broadband C-DPA. Based on the proposed method, an example of a C-DPA working from 1.65 to 2.75 GHz was designed. According to the measured results, the designed C-DPA exhibits a 52%-66% efficiency at a -6 dB power backoff and a power utilization factor higher than 1.08 over the 1.1-GHz band. In addition, when simulated by a 7.5-dB peak-to-average power ratio 20-MHz LTE signal, the example C-DPA exhibits an efficiency of 46%-62% while maintaining an adjacent channel power ratio below -45 dBc after linearization over the full 1.1-GHz band. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first proposed C-DPA and a state-of-the-art performance for broadband DPAs.
COVID-eVax, an electroporated DNA vaccine candidate encoding the SARS-CoV-2 RBD, elicits protective responses in animal models (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has made the development of safe and effective vaccines a critical priority. To date, four vaccines have been approved by European and American authorities for preventing COVID-19, but the development of additional vaccine platforms with improved supply and logistics profiles remains a pressing need. Here we report the preclinical evaluation of a novel COVID-19 vaccine candidate based on the electroporation of engineered, synthetic cDNA encoding a viral antigen in the skeletal muscle. We constructed a set of prototype DNA vaccines expressing various forms of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein and assessed their immunogenicity in animal models. Among them, COVID-eVax-a DNA plasmid encoding a secreted monomeric form of SARS-CoV-2 S protein receptor-binding domain (RBD)-induced the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody responses (including against the current most common variants of concern) and a robust T cell response. Upon challenge with SARS-CoV-2, immunized K18-hACE2 transgenic mice showed reduced weight loss, improved pulmonary function, and lower viral replication in the lungs and brain. COVID-eVax conferred significant protection to ferrets upon SARS-CoV-2 challenge. In summary, this study identifies COVID-eVax as an ideal COVID-19 vaccine candidate suitable for clinical development. Accordingly, a combined phase I-II trial has recently started.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Teaching Inclusive Design (2018)

Inclusive design is important in today's software industry, but there is little research about how to teach it. In collaboration with 9 teacher-researchers across 8 U.S. universities and more than 400 computer and information science students, we embarked upon an Action Research investigation to gather insights into the pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) that teachers need to teach a particular inclusive design method called GenderMag. Analysis of the teachers' observations and experiences, the materials they used, direct observations of students' behaviors, and multiple data on the students' own reflections on their learning revealed 11 components of inclusive design PCK. These include strategies for anticipating and addressing resistance to the topic of inclusion, strategies for modeling and scaffolding perspective taking, and strategies for tailoring instruction to students' prior beliefs and biases.
Mass Spectrometric Characterization of the Human Androgen Receptor Ligand-Binding Domain Expressed in Escherichia coli (2001)

The ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the human androgen receptor (hAR LBD), encompassing amino acids (AAs) 647-919, was expressed in Escherichia coli with an N-terminal polyhistidine tag (His(10)-hAR LBD) from a pET-16b vector. The overexpressed protein was initially insoluble in inclusion bodies, and was subsequently solubilized in 8 M guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl). The solubilized His(10)-hAR LBD was purified to apparent homogeneity by metal ion affinity chromatography in the presence of 6 M GdnHCl. The isolated protein migrated as a single band in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with an apparent molecular mass of 33-34 kDa, as expected from the plasmid construct. Immunoblot analysis with C-terminal antibodies raised against a peptide corresponding to the last 19 AAs (AAs 901-919) of hAR revealed that the purified protein contained an immunoreactive epitope present within the AR and was of the appropriate size. Further characterization, using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI/TOF-MS), showed a single protein species of average mass 34 580 Da, confirming the size and purity of the purified His(10)-hAR LBD. Detailed tryptic peptide mapping analysis, using MALDI/TOF-MS, identified a total of eight peptides with a 30% coverage of the LBD, including the last tryptic peptide in the hAR sequence. These data confirm that the purified protein was the intact hAR LBD. AA sequencing of these tryptic peptides, using an HPLC-coupled electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometer (LC/ESI-ITMS and MS/MS), unambiguously confirmed that the peptides were from the hAR LBD. The purified His(10)-hAR LBD in 6 M GdnHCl could be renatured as determined by ligand-binding activity, with a similar equilibrium dissociation constant (K(d)) for [(3)H]-mibolerone and a similar steroid specificity to the AR isolated from rat ventral prostate.
Leveraging human gait characteristics towards self-sustained operation of low-power mobile devices (2014)

The proliferation of mobile ubiquitous devices faces a hurdle in the form of high resource consumption rates that restrict longevity. Several low-power devices and application designs and optimization techniques have been proposed. Simultaneously, energy harvesting technologies are increasingly being viewed as a complementary technique to drive down resource consumption rates and even achieve self-sustenance. Towards this end, we propose a foot-strike powered harvester array composed of a novel high-energy density material called Dielectric Elastomers. To compensate for their control parameter sensitivity, we propose an adaptive closed-loop control algorithm based on general characteristics of human gait. From experimentally collected datasets of human plantar pressure and detailed characterization of DE behavior, we show that our algorithm yields enough accuracy to produce upwards of 85% of the maximum energy harvestable by the DE array. We also show that, in many cases, this is sufficient to fully drive low-power mobile ubiquitous applications.
Holographic Video System with a Pulse Laser (1998)

A holographic video system operated by a pulse laser is described. The use of a pulse laser as the light source allows the polygon mirror (or scanners) in the system to be eliminated. At the same time, a single long aperture acousto-optic modulator (AOM) is replaced by 6 small aperture AOMs linearly aligned and a still polygon mirror set is used. The effective aperture length of the 6-AOM-combination is 6 times that of an individual AOM. Since in this system the computer-generated-hologram (CGH) data is divided into 6 equal parts and loaded into the corresponding AOMs independently and synchronously, the loading time of CGH data to an AOM is reduced. This system can display 36,864 (in the horizontal direction)×128 (in the vertical direction) holographic fringe data points in binary format and operate at a rate of 60 frames per second using a personal computer.
Rhodium(I)-Catalyzed [2+2+1] Cycloadditions of 1,3-Dienes, Alkenes, and CO (2004)

Initial examples of a Rh(I)-catalyzed [2+2+1] reaction of diene-enes and CO are described. This method allows for the facile, efficient, and diastereoselective construction of a variety of alkenyl cyclopentanones in good to excellent yields. Control studies show that the diene moiety is required for this process as bis-enes do not give the [2+2+1] products under the same conditions.
Microbial impacts on geothermometry temperature predictions (2013)

Conventional geothermometry approaches assume that the composition of a collected water sample originating in a deep geothermal reservoir still reflects chemical equilibration of the water with the deep reservoir rocks. However, for geothermal prospecting samples whose temperatures have dropped to <120°C, temperature predictions may be skewed by the activity of microorganisms; microbial metabolism can drastically and rapidly change the water’s chemistry. We hypothesize that knowledge of microbial impacts on exploration sample geochemistry can be used to constrain input into geothermometry models and thereby improve the reliability of reservoir temperature predictions. To evaluate this hypothesis we have chosen to focus on sulfur cycling, because of the significant changes in redox state and pH associated with sulfur chemistry. Redox and pH are critical factors in defining the mineral-fluid equilibria that form the basis of solute geothermometry approaches. Initially we are developing assays to detect the process of sulfate reduction, using knowledge of genes specific to sulfate reducing microorganisms. The assays rely on a common molecular biological technique known as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), which allows estimation of the number of target organisms in a particular sample by enumerating genes specific to the organisms rather than actually retrieving and characterizing the organisms themselves. For quantitation of sulfate reducing genes using qPCR, we constructed a plasmid (a piece of DNA) containing portions of two genes (known as dsrA and dsrB) that are directly involved with sulfate reduction and unique to sulfate reducing microorganisms. Using the plasmid as well as DNA from other microorganisms known to be sulfate reducers or non-sulfate reducers, we developed qPCR protocols and showed the assay’s specificity to sulfate reducers and that a qPCR standard curve using the plasmid was linear over >5 orders of magnitude. As a first test with actual field samples, the assay was applied to DNA extracted from water collected at springs located in and around the town of Soda Springs, Idaho. Soda Springs is located in the fold and thrust belt on the eastern boundary of the track of the Yellowstone Hotspot, where a deep carbon dioxide source believed to originate from Mississippian limestone contacts acidic hydrothermal fluids at depth. Both sulfate and sulfide have been measured in samples collected previously at Soda Springs. Preliminary results indicate that sulfate reducing genes were present in each of the samples tested. Our work supports evaluation of the potential for microbial processes to have altered water chemistry in geothermal exploration samples.
Simultaneous cell morphometry and refractive index measurement with dual-wavelength Digital Holographic Microscopy (2008)

The refractive index and cellular thickness information contained in the phase signal recorded by Digital Holographic Microscopy is measured independently with a dual-wavelength technique exploiting the dispersion of a dye present in the perfusion medium.
PDCT-14. CLINICALLY INTEGRATED SEQUENCING SIGNIFICANTLY ALTERS THERAPY IN CHILDREN AND YOUNG ADULTS WITH HIGH-RISK GLIAL BRAIN TUMORS (2017)

Brain tumors have become the leading cause of cancer-related mortality in young patients. The role of routine sequencing in younger patients with brain tumors is not fully established, and it remains unclear which patient patients will benefit most from the integration of germline/tumor sequencing into routine pediatric neuro-oncology care. The goal of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and utility of DNA and RNA sequencing of children and adolescents with high-risk brain tumors, as well as to document the clinical utility of targeted therapies. Fifty-two children and young adults with brain tumors designated by treating neuro-oncologist to be high risk enrolled in a prospective, observational, consecutive case-series, in which participants underwent integrative clinical exome (tumor and germline DNA) and transcriptome (tumor RNA) sequencing and genetic counseling. Results were discussed in a multi-institutional brain tumor precision medicine teleconference using a platform (“CNS TAP”) to score targeted agents by their pre-clinical, clinical and pharmacologic properties in the selection of targeted therapies for brain tumors. Sequencing revealed a potentially actionable germline or tumor alterations in 25 (63%) of 40 tumors with adequate tissue, of which 21 (53%) resulted in an impact on treatment or change of diagnosis. Eight (20%) of sequenced tumors harbored an oncogenic fusion isolated on RNA sequencing. Seventeen of 20 patients (85%) with glial tumors were found to have a potentially actionable result, which resulted in change of therapy in 14 (70%) patients. Six (15%) patients who underwent therapy changes had potential clinical benefit (partial response or stable disease greater than 6 months on therapy). Selection of personalized agents for children and young adults with high risk brain tumors based on integrative clinical sequencing is feasible and resulted in a change in therapy in over two-thirds of children and young adults with high-risk glial tumors.
Evaluation of Piezoelectric Ceramic Substrates for Ultrasonic Bulk Wave Filters and Resonators Using Pulse Interference Method (1994)

In recent years, market demand has creared a need for high reproducibility in the frequency characteristics of piezoelectric ceramic filters and resonators that use the thickness extension mode. In order to increase this reproducibility, it is necessary mainly to improve accuracy in controlling the substrate thickness, and to reduce variations in elastic properties of substrate materials prior to the completion of products. The pulse interference method using longitudinal waves has been applied to the evaluation of piezoelectric ceramic substrates. A good correlation has been obtained between the interference frequencies, measured with this method, of substrates immediately after polishing and the frequency characteristics of completed products. It has been shown that this method is extremely useful for improving productivity of ultrasonic bulk-wave filters and resonators whose frequency characteristics directly depend upon the longitudinal wave velocities of substrate materials and their thicknesses.
La FAM fatale: USP9X in development and disease (2015)

Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs), act downstream of ubiquitylation. As such, these post-post-translational modifiers function as the final arbitrators of a protein substrate’s ubiquitylation status, thus regulating its fate. In most instances, DUBs moderate the absolute level of a substrate, its locality or activity, rather than being an “all-or-none” phenomenon. Yet, disruption of this quantitative regulation can produce dramatic qualitative differences. The ubiquitin-specific protease 9X (USP9X/FAM) is a substrate-specific DUB, which displays an extraordinarily high level of sequence conservation from Drosophila to mammals. It is primarily the recent revelations of USP9X’s pivotal role in human cancers, both as oncogene or tumour suppressor, in developmental disorders including intellectual disability, epilepsy, autism and developmental delay that has led to a subsequent re-examination of its molecular and cellular functions. Results from experimental animal models have implicated USP9X in neurodegeneration, including Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease, as well as autoimmune diseases. In this review, we describe the current and accumulated knowledge on the molecular, cellular and developmental aspects of USP9X function within the context of the biological consequences during normal development and disease.
Multicasting of 50 Gb/s RZ-DPSK signals using self-seeded FWM with phase modulated pumps for SBS suppression (2010)

We demonstrate a method enabling the use of phase modulated pumps for 9-fold multicasting of 50 Gb/s RZ-DPSK signals. Phase modulation of the input signal along with the pumps allows for self-seeded multicasting with ~1.8 dB average power penalty.
Dynamic Behavior of Chiral Sulfonimidoyl-Substituted Allyl and Alkyl (Dimethylamino)titanium(IV) Complexes:  Metallotropic Shift, Reversible β-Hydride Elimination/Reinsertion, and ab Initio Calculations of Allyl and Alkyl Aminosulfoxonium Ylides (2005)

Variable-temperature (1)H and (13)C NMR spectroscopy of the sulfonimidoyl-substituted allyltitanium(IV) complexes E-1a-c and Z-1a-c, which carry diethylamino groups at the Ti atom, revealed a fast 1,3-C,N-shift of the Ti atom, leading to an equilibrium between the epimeric Calpha-titanium allyl complexes A and C and the N-titanium allyl aminosulfoxonium ylide B. Based on these findings a model for the reactions of E-1a-c and Z-1a-c with aldehydes is proposed, which features regio- and diastereoselective reactions of the N-titanium ylide B at the alpha-position and the Calpha-titanium complex A at the gamma-position. Model ab initio calculations of the methylene and allyl (dimethylamino)sulfoxonium ylides 10 and 14, respectively, revealed short Calpha-S bonds, a stabilization by both electrostatic interaction and negative hyperconjugation, and a low Calpha-S rotational barrier. The ylides preferentially adopt Calpha-S and Calpha-N conformations in which the lone pair orbital at the Calpha atom is periplanar to the S=O bond and that at the N atom periplanar to the Calpha-Ph bond. Variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy of the sulfonimidoyl-substituted alkyltitanium(IV) complex 16, which carries diethylamino groups at the Ti atom, revealed a dynamic behavior leading to a complete topomerization of all four methylene hydrogens of the Calpha-ethyl groups. Two fast processes are held responsible for the topomerization of the hydrogens of 16. The first one is a reversible intramolecular beta-hydride elimination/alkene-Ti-H insertion with the intermediate formation of a complex between (Et(2)N)TiH and a 1-alkenyl sulfoximine, and the second one consists of a reversible 1,3-C,N-shift of the Ti atom in combination with a Calpha-S bond rotation. Interestingly, the room-temperature NMR spectra of the corresponding sulfonimidoyl-substituted alkyltitanium(IV) complex 17, which carries isopropoxy groups at the Ti atom, give no indication of a similar dynamic behavior of this complex.
Eucalyptol Masks the Olfactory But Not the Trigeminal Sensation of Ammonia (2019)

Eucalyptol is a substance with rather pleasant olfactory and trigeminal characteristics and is thus suggested as an efficient tool for malodor coverage. In this study ammonia would be the malodor substance such as is found in cat litter or hair coloration. We investigated the potential of eucalyptol to inhibit both the olfactory as well as the trigeminal sensation of ammonia. For this purpose, we mixed eucalyptol and ammonia and compared odor component intensities. After being presented with either the pure odors or a binary mixture thereof, 21 young and healthy participants had to lateralize the odors and rate component (eucalyptol and ammonia) and total intensity. Analysis of intensity ratings revealed hypoadditivity (total mixture intensity was less than the sum of the total intensity of the single components). Significant interaction effects verified that mixing eucalyptol and ammonia only affected the perceived intensity of ammonia. Comparing the odor components within the pure and mixed stimuli, the ammonia component was rated as significantly less intense in the mixture compared to pure ammonia whereas the eucalyptol component was rated equal in the pure and mixed condition. On the basis of lateralization scores, we observed trigeminal mixture enhancement. We conclude that eucalyptol is a suitable masking agent to cover the unpleasant smell of ammonia; however, it fails to serve as an ammonia counterirritant because it lacks the ability to mask the trigeminal sensation of ammonia.
Free-electron pumped tunable nanoscale light-source: the 'light-well' (2009)

We report on the first experimental demonstration of a new type of electron-beamdriven radiation source, a 'light-well', which can be used as a tunable nanoscale emitter of optical radiation and surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs).