gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatiotemporal Analysis of Sensor Logs using Growth Ring Maps (2009)

Spatiotemporal analysis of sensor logs is a challenging research field due to three facts: a) traditional two-dimensional maps do not support multiple events to occur at the same spatial location, b) three-dimensional solutions introduce ambiguity and are hard to navigate, and c) map distortions to solve the overlap problem are unfamiliar to most users. This paper introduces a novel approach to represent spatial data changing over time by plotting a number of non-overlapping pixels, close to the sensor positions in a map. Thereby, we encode the amount of time that a subject spent at a particular sensor to the number of plotted pixels. Color is used in a twofold manner; while distinct colors distinguish between sensor nodes in different regions, the colors' intensity is used as an indicator to the temporal property of the subjects' activity. The resulting visualization technique, called Growth Ring Maps, enables users to find similarities and extract patterns of interest in spatiotemporal data by using humans' perceptual abilities. We demonstrate the newly introduced technique on a dataset that shows the behavior of healthy and Alzheimer transgenic, male and female mice. We motivate the new technique by showing that the temporal analysis based on hierarchical clustering and the spatial analysis based on transition matrices only reveal limited results. Results and findings are cross-validated using multidimensional scaling. While the focus of this paper is to apply our visualization for monitoring animal behavior, the technique is also applicable for analyzing data, such as packet tracing, geographic monitoring of sales development, or mobile phone capacity planning.
Supplementary Methods from Targeting Nodal in Conjunction with Dacarbazine Induces Synergistic Anticancer Effects in Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Additional methods for supplementary data&lt;/p&gt;
Metabolomics in Lung Inflammation:A High-Resolution1H NMR Study of Mice Exposedto Silica Dust (2008)

ABSTRACT Here we report the first (1)H NMR metabolomics studies on excised lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from mice exposed to crystalline silica. High-resolution (1)H NMR metabolic profiling on intact excised lungs was performed using slow magic angle sample spinning (slow-MAS) (1)H PASS (phase-altered spinning sidebands) at a sample spinning rate of 80 Hz. Metabolic profiling on BALF was completed using fast magic angle spinning at 2 kHz. Major findings are that the relative concentrations of choline, phosphocholine (PC), and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) were statistically significantly increased in silica-exposed mice compared to sham controls, indicating an altered membrane choline phospholipids metabolism (MCPM). The relative concentrations of glycogen/glucose, lactate, and creatine were also statistically significantly increased in mice exposed to silica dust, suggesting that cellular energy pathways were affected by silica dust. Elevated levels of glycine, lysine, glutamate, proline, and 4-hydroxyproline were also increased in exposed mice, suggesting the activation of a collagen pathway. Furthermore, metabolic profiles in mice exposed to silica dust were found to be spatially heterogeneous, consistent with regional inflammation revealed by in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Triggerable tough hydrogels for gastric resident dosage forms (2017)

Systems capable of residing for prolonged periods of time in the gastric cavity have transformed our ability to diagnose and treat patients. Gastric resident systems for drug delivery, ideally need to be: ingestible, be able to change shape or swell to ensure prolonged gastric residence, have the mechanical integrity to withstand the forces associated with gastrointestinal motility, be triggerable to address any side effects, and be drug loadable and release drug over a prolonged period of time. Materials that have been primarily utilized for these applications have been largely restricted to thermoplastics and thermosets. Here we describe a novel set of materials, triggerable tough hydrogels, meeting all these requirement, supported by evaluation in a large animal model and ultimately demonstrate the potential of triggerable tough hydrogels to serve as prolonged gastric resident drug depots. Triggerable tough hydrogels may be applied in myriad of applications, including bariatric interventions, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.The use of drug delivery systems for the gastrointestinal tract has been faced with a number of drawbacks related to their prolonged use. Here, the authors develop a drug-loaded hydrogel with high strength to withstand long-term gastrointestinal motility and can be triggered to dissolve on demand.
Novel Insight in Structure−Activity Relationship and Bioanalysis of P-Glycoprotein Targeting Highly Potent Tetrakishydroxymethyl Substituted 3,9-Diazatetraasteranes (2008)

Novel 3,9-diazatetraasteranes have been synthesized with varied aromatic substitution patterns and evaluated as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) are discussed in relation to determined physicochemical properties. The potential to induce P-gp expression has been evaluated in cancer cell lines. The bioanalytical results indicate favorable noninducing properties compared to P-gp inducing drug standard.
The Effect of Wood Composition and Supercritical CO2 Extraction on the Charcoal Production (2019)

This work demonstrated that the coupling of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with slow pyrolysis is effective to remove over half of extractives from low quality wood and to generate biochar ...
Time reversal kaleidoscope: A smart transducer for three-dimensional ultrasonic imaging (2004)

The design of two dimensional (2D) arrays for three dimensional (3D) ultrasonic imaging is a major challenge in medical and nondestructive applications. Thousands of transducers are typically needed for beam focusing and steering in 3D volumes. Here, we report a promising approach for producing 3D images with a small number of transducers using the combined concepts of time reversal mirrors and chaotic reverberating cavities. Due to multiple reverberations inside the cavity, a “kaleidoscopic” transducer array is created with thousands of virtual transducers equivalent to 2D matrices. Beyond the scope of 3D medical imaging, this work leads to the concept of “smart” transducer.
Relationship of Human and Bovine Strains of Myxovirus Para-Influenza 3 (1961)

Guinea pigs infected intra-nasally with human(HA-1) and bovine(SF-4) strains of para-influenza 3 virus produced 4-fold or greater HI, N and CF antibodies to the homologous strain than to the heterologous strain. Children and cattle showed similar species-linked responses following infection with para-influenza 3 viruses. Human and bovine strains of the virus originating from various states and foreign countries and isolated in different years were shown to react in the same manner as the HA-1 and SF-4 prototype strains.
Design and fabrication of a micro-cavity laser with transparent micro loop mirror (2005)

We describe a linear laser with micro loops as end mirrors. FDTD simulation is used to design the mirror and laser cavity. The initial fabrication results with a lasing threshold of /spl sim/0.4 mA is presented.
Fullerene derivatives as components for 'plastic' photovoltaic cells (1998)

Derivatives of [60]fullerene, mixed with conducting polymers to yield donor-acceptor bulk-heterojunction (β-junction) materials, are useful in ‘plastic’ photovoltaic devices. In order to enhance the charge carrier mobilities in the two individual interpenetrating networks, one important goal of our work is to obtain more (supra) molecular order in the β-junction. The second goal is to obtain control over the scale of the phase segregation. A third goal is to lower the percolation threshold of the fullerene component. The preparation and characterization of a first series of [60]fullerene derivatives (polymer-compatible derivatives, supramolecular building blocks, D-A network units) is discussed.
Designing Protein Denaturants: Synthetic Agents Induce Cytochromec Unfolding at Low Concentrations and Stoichiometries (2002)

Die strukturelle Diversität und geringe Stabilität (5–15 kcal mol−1) von Proteinen regte die Entwicklung von synthetischen Wirkstoffen an, die eine selektive Denaturierung bei niedrigen Konzentrationen begünstigen (siehe Schema). Es wird gezeigt, dass ein in stöchiometrischen Mengen eingesetzter künstlicher Rezeptor, der fest an der Oberfläche von nativem Cytochrom c gebunden ist, die Schmelztemperatur des Proteins um 20°C herabsetzt; der Rezeptor bindet bevorzugt die native Form vor cyt. C551 und oberflächenmodifiziertem cyt. c.
Robustness and high recording speeds for CD-R (2003)

The key technology to achieve robustness in optical recorders and to stretch the speed limits of existing optical recording media is thermal balancing of the write strategy. A method is shown to determine the optimum thermal balancing parameters in a CD recorder by using trial writings with random EFM data.
A layered approach to NLP-based information retrieval (1998)

A layered approach to information retrieval permits the inclusion of multiple search engines as well as multiple databases, with a natural language layer to convert English queries for use by the various search engines. The NLP layer incorporates morphological analysis, noun phrase syntax, and semantic expansion based on Word-Net.
Safe autonomous lane changes in dense traffic (2017)

Lane change manoeuvres are complex driving manoeuvres to automate since the vehicle has to anticipate and adapt to intentions of several surrounding vehicles. Selecting a suitable gap to move/merge into the adjacent lane and performing the lane change can be challenging, especially in dense traffic. Existing gap selection methods tend to be either cautious or opportunistic, both of which directly affect the overall availability and safety of the autonomous feature. In this paper we present a method which enables the autonomous vehicles to increase the availability of lane change manoeuvres by reducing the required margins to ensure a safe manoeuvre. The required safety margins are first calculated by making use of the steering and braking capability of the vehicle. It is then shown that this method can be used to perform autonomous lane changes in dense traffic situations with small inter-vehicle gaps. The proposed solution is evaluated by using Model Predictive Control (MPC) to plan and execute the complete motion trajectory.
z-STED Imaging and Spectroscopy to Investigate Nanoscale Membrane Structure and Dynamics: supporting dataset (2020)

This dataset was used to generate the figures in the paper: \n\nBarbotin A, Urbančič I, Galiani S, Eggeling C, Booth M, Sezgin E, z-STED imaging and spectroscopy to investigate nanoscale\nmembrane structure and dynamics, Biophysical Journal (2020), doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2020.04.006.\n\nIt contains the raw data as well as the data analysis code in Python (when applicable). The compressed archive contains subfolders and instructions included in the relevant folders STED microscopy data of lipids in model systems and living cells.
Testicular dysfunction in leprosy: relationships of FSH, LH and testosterone to disease classification, activity and duration (1989)

Luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and testosterone levels were determined by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in leprosy patients and analysed for effect of disease classification, disease activity and duration of disease. LH and FSH levels were found to be significantly elevated in lepromatous patients compared to borderline-lepromatous, midborderline and borderline-tuberculoid patients. A positive correlation was seen between LH and FSH and a negative correlation was seen between testosterone and both LH and FSH. No correlation was seen between hormone levels and measures of disease activity: bacillary index and IgM to phenolic glycolipid I, a Mycobacterium leprae antigen. A significant correlation was seen between duration of disease and FSH when age was taken into account, indicating that testicular dysfunction is probably cumulative and irreversible. It is recommended that LL patients be routinely screened for hypogonadism using FSH, LH and testosterone levels.
Oxidative Polymerization of Pyrrole Promoted by Four-Electron Transfer to O2: Catalysis of O2-Oxidation byμ-Oxo Dinuclear Complexes with Macrocyclic Ligands (2001)

In attempts to provide molecular systems capable of oxidizing aromatic molecules at the expense of O2 that is reduced predominantly by four electrons to H2O, μ-oxo dinuclear metalloporphyrins and metallophthalocyanines were employed as catalysts for the O2-oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. The catalytic behaviors of the complexes depended upon their redox potentials, concentrations and acidity (H0) of the solutions. The first catalytic system allowing the O2-oxidative polymerization of pyrrole with more than 1 000 turnovers was devised using (μ-oxo)bis[(phthalocyaninato)iron(III)] as the homogeneous catalyst.
Metabolic rate and substrate utilisation resilience in men undertaking polar expeditionary travel (2019)

The energy expenditure and substrate utilisation were measured in 5 men pre- and post- a 67 day, 1750km unassisted Antarctic traverse from the Hercules Inlet to the Ross Sea Ice via the South pole pulling sledges weighing 120kg whilst experiencing temperatures as low as -57°C. A 36-hours protocol in a whole body calorimeter was employed to measure periods of rest, sleep and three periods of standardised stepping exercises at 80, 100 and 120 steps min-1; participants were fed isocalorically. Unlike previous expeditions where large weight loss was reported, only a modest loss of body weight (7%, P = 0.03) was found; fat tissue was reduced by 53% (P = 0.03) together with a small, but not statistically significant, increase in lean tissue weight (P = 0.18). This loss occurred despite a high-energy intake (6500 kcal/day) designed to match energy expenditure. An energy balance analysis suggested the loss in body weight could be due to the energy requirements of thermoregulation. Differences in energy expenditure [4.9 (0.1) vs 4.5 (0.1) kcal/min. P = 0.03], carbohydrate utilisation [450 (180) vs 569 (195) g/day; P = 0.03] and lipid utilisation [450 (61) vs 388 (127) g/day, P = 0.03] at low levels of exertion were different from pre-expedition values. Only carbohydrate utilisation remained statistically significant when normalised to body weight. The differences in energy expenditure and substrate utilisation between the pre- and post-expedition for other physiological states (sleeping, resting, higher levels of exercise, etc) were small and not statistically significant. Whilst inter-subject variability was large, there was a tendency for increased carbohydrate utilisation, post-expedition, when fasted that decreased upon feeding.
Nanostructured electrocatalyst for fuel cells : silica templated synthesis of Pt/C composites. (2007)

Platinum-based electrocatalysts are currently required for state-of-the-art fuel cells and represent a significant portion of the overall fuel cell cost. If fuel cell technology is to become competitive with other energy conversion technologies, improve the utilization of precious metal catalysts is essential. A primary focus of this work is on creating enhanced nanostructured materials which improve precious-metal utilization. The goal is to engineer superior electrocatalytic materials through the synthesis, development and investigation of novel templated open frame structures synthesized in an aerosol-based approach. Bulk templating methods for both Pt/C and Pt-Ru composites are evaluated in this study and are found to be limited due to the fact that the nanostructure is not maintained throughout the entire sample. Therefore, an accurate examination of structural effects was previously impossible. An aerosol-based templating method of synthesizing nanostructured Pt-Ru electrocatalysts has been developed wherein the effects of structure can be related to electrocatalytic performance. The aerosol-based templating method developed in this work is extremely versatile as it can be conveniently modified to synthesize alternative materials for other systems. The synthesis method was able to be extended to nanostructured Pt-Sn for ethanol oxidation in alkaline media. Nanostructured Pt-Sn electrocatalysts were evaluated in a unique approach tailored to electrocatalytic studies in alkaline media. At low temperatures, nanostructured Pt-Sn electrocatalysts were found to have significantly higher ethanol oxidation activity than a comparable nanostructured Pt catalyst. At higher temperatures, the oxygen-containing species contribution likely provided by Sn is insignificant due to a more oxidized Pt surface. The importance of the surface coverage of oxygen-containing species in the reaction mechanism is established in these studies. The investigations in this work present original studies of anion exchange ionomers as entrapment materials for rotating disc electrode (RDE) studies in alkaline media. Their significance is linked to the development of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) with the same ionomer for a KOH-free alkaline fuel cell (AFC).
Validation of the RTCA Message Format for WAAS (1995)

The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) will
augment GPS by broadcasting:

- additional ranging signals from geostationary
satellites.

- integrity data for each satellite

- multiple-component differential corrections for
each satellite

The ranging function will improve the availability and
reliability of the position fix; the integrity data will
improve the safety of the fix; and the differential GPS
corrections will provide non-precision and Category I
precision approach capability.

The WAAS data format was designed by Working
Group 2 of RTCA Special Committee 159, and is gaining wide acceptance as the standard for WAAS transmissions. This remarkable format allows for the broadcast of differential corrections and integrity data on the GPS-like ranging signal. As such, it must pack this data into 250 bits/second, because higher data rates would require higher signal powers which might interfere with GPS.

This paper is the first to report on a nearly full implementation of the RTCA data format. It is baaed on the
experimental WAAS flight system maintained by Stanford University for the FAA. The paper describes the
separation of the error components, message scheduling and packing, and flight results.
Bulk magnetic domain structures visualized by neutron dark-field imaging (2008)

We report on how a neutron grating interferometer can yield projection images of the internal domain structure in bulk ferromagnetic samples. The image contrast relies on the ultrasmall angle scattering of unpolarized neutrons at domain wall structures in the specimen. The results show the basic domains of (110)-oriented sheets in an FeSi test sample. The obtained domain structures could be correlated with surface sensitive magneto-optical Kerr effect micrographs.
Using Deep Neural Networks And Derivative Free Optimization To Accelerate Coverage Closure (2021)

In computer aided design (CAD), a core task is to optimize the parameters of noisy simulations. Derivative free optimization (DFO) methods are the most common choice for this task. In this paper, we show how four DFO methods, specifically implicit filtering (IF), simulated annealing (SA), genetic algorithms (GA), and particle swarm (PS), can be accelerated using a deep neural network (DNN) that acts as a surrogate model of the objective function. In particular, we demonstrate the applicability of the DNN accelerated DFO approach to the coverage directed generation (CDG) problem that is commonly solved by hardware verification teams.
Amplification of Pepleomycin-Mediated DNA Cleavage and Apoptosis by Unfused Aromatic Cations (2000)

An important approach to improve chemotherapy of members of the bleomycin (BLM) family of antibiotics is to find compounds (amplifiers) that enhance the activity of BLM-mediated DNA cleavage and apoptosis. Using a DNA-sequencing technique and pulsed field gel electrophoresis, we have investigated whether BLM-mediated cleavage of isolated and cellular DNA is amplifed by three compounds (RW-12, LS-20, 1S-5Me) which have a conformationally flexible, unfused polyaromatic system and cationic side chain in the molecules. RW-12 enhanced most effectively both pepleomycin (PEM)-induced cytotoxicity and apoptosis. The order of the maximum enhancing effect of amplifiers on PEM-mediated DNA damage is RW-12 > LS-20 > 1S-5Me. RW-12 amplified PEM-mediated DNA cleavage most effectively not only in vitro but also in cultured cells. We have reported that the order of the DNA binding constants of these compounds is RW-12 > LS-20 > 1S-5Me. In this study, we found a good correlation between PEM-mediated cleavage of isolated DNA and cellular DNA. These results suggest that BLM amplifiers bind to DNA and by doing so enhance drug-mediated DNA degradation, ultimately leading to apoptosis. The present study on amplifiers of anticancer agents shows a novel approach to the potentially effective anticancer therapy.
An expedient synthesis of methyl vinyl sulfide from dimethyl disulfide and acetylene (2004)

Dimethyl disulfide reacts with acetylene under atmospheric pressure in basic reductive systems MOH (M=Na, K)–N2H4 · H2O–N-methylpyrrolidone and Na2S · 9H2O–N2H4 · H2O–N-methylpyrrolidone to form methyl vinyl sulfide in up to 79% yield.
myo-Inositol 1-Phosphate Synthase:  Does a Single Active-Site Amino Acid Catalyze Multiple Proton Transfers? (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTmyo-Inositol 1-Phosphate Synthase: Does a Single Active-Site Amino Acid Catalyze Multiple Proton Transfers?Feng Tian, Marie E. Migaud, and J. W. FrostView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan 48824-1322 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 24, 5795–5796Publication Date (Web):June 2, 1999Publication History Received4 January 1999Published online2 June 1999Published inissue 1 June 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9900196https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9900196rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views783Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbonyls,Inhibitors,Peptides and proteins,Phosphates,Surface interactions Get e-Alerts
Spinal Fracture-Dislocations and Spinal Cord Injuries in Motor Vehicle Crashes (2014)

Spinal cord injury occurred in one out of 1,860 front seat occupants in tow-away crashes. The rate was highest in rollover crashes and was reduced by seat belt use. Fracture-dislocation of the spine occurred about 5.3 times more often than SCIs and was also prevented by seat belt use.