gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next-Generation Li-ion Batteries Made with Spatial Atomic Layer Deposition as an Enabling Technology (2020)

Today, Li-ion batteries are key devices in energy storage, with a wide set of applications ranging from mW to kW, such as portable electronics devices, electric vehicles and grid-storage. Typically, high energy density anodes such as Si or Li, combined with Ni- or Li-rich cathodes 1,2 are necessary to obtain the targeted gravimetric energy density (&gt;350 Wh/kg). However, several high-potential redox-chemistries can lead to serious safety and degradation issues during charge-discharge cycling due to oxidative and reductive instabilities 3 , that often occur at the electrode-electrolyte interfaces 4 . Therefore, for every Li-ion battery chemistry the optimization of these interfaces with chemo-mechanically stable and Li-ion conductive passivation layers is essential in mitigating the non-compatibility of the individual cell components. These interface stabilizing layers can be incorporated either in-situ by using electrolyte additives or ex-situ by chemical and physical methods. One popular option here is offered by atomic layer deposition (ALD) which is today’s technology of choice to achieve films with superior quality and 3D-conformality with atomic-scale thickness precision. However, conventional vacuum-based temporal ALD is not compatible with industrial high-throughput roll-to-roll battery electrode production. Here, the technique of large-area atmospheric-pressure spatial -ALD (s-ALD) as pioneered by TNO-Holst Centre over a decade ago can offer prime solutions for various applications including thin-film batteries 5 . This technique opens up a wide range of cost-effective applications based on materials like metal oxides, nitrides, sulfides, oxysulfides as well as hybrid organic-inorganic material combinations. In this presentation, we will discuss the growth of several s-ALD films made from Al 2 O 3 , TiO 2 , and ZnO which have been specifically optimized for dendritic Li-growth suppression, interface stabilization, and cathode degradation protection. Next, we will discuss some recent results on the up-scalable s-ALD growth of thin LiPON electrolyte films with a high Li-ion conductivity of &gt;10 -7 S/cm, low electronic conductivity of &lt;10 -12 S/cm, and high stability against anodic Li-metal during cycling. This electrolyte is also essential in the development of protective layers in liquid and polymer electrolyte-based Li-ion batteries, and in thin-film solid-state batteries with ultra-thin electrolyte layers and planar and 3D topologies. REFERENCES S. Myung et al., ACS Energy Lett. 2 , 196–223 (2017). G. Assat and J. M. Tarascon, Nat Energy 3 , 373–386 (2018). H. Ryu et al., Chem. Mater. 3 (30), 1155-1163 (2018). D. Aurbach et al., Solid State Ionics 148 , 405–416 (2002). P. Poodt et al., J. Vac. Sci. and Technol. A 30 , 010802 (2012).
A channel model for MIMO systems in macro- and microcellular environments (2003)

We consider the propagation in macro- and microcellular environments for systems with multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver. We consider the important propagation effects that lead to (i) interdependency of directions-of-arrival and directions-of-departure, (ii) large delay and angle dispersion by propagation via far clusters, (iii) rank reduction of the transfer function matrix. We propose a generic channel model that reflects those propagation effects, and propose different parameterizations of that model for macro- and microcellular environments. Cumulative distribution functions of the information-theoretic capacity derived from that model quantify the impact of the model on system design.
Dental Procedures as Risk Factors for Prosthetic Hip or Knee Infection: A Hospital‐Based Prospective Case‐Control Study (2009)

The actual risk of prosthetic joint infection as a result of dental procedures and the role of antibiotic prophylaxis have not been defined. To examine the association between dental procedures with or without antibiotic prophylaxis and prosthetic hip or knee infection, a prospective, single-center, case-control study for the period 2001–2006 was performed at a 1200-bed tertiary care hospital in Rochester, Minnesota. Case patients were patients hospitalized with total hip or knee infection. Control subjects were patients who underwent a total hip or knee arthroplasty but without a prosthetic joint infection who were hospitalized during the same period on the same orthopedic floor. Data regarding demographic features and potential risk factors were collected. Logistic regression was used to assess the association of variables with the odds of infection. A total of 339 case patients and 339 control subjects were enrolled in the study. There was no increased risk of prosthetic hip or knee infection for patients undergoing a high-risk or low-risk dental procedure who were not administered antibiotic prophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 0.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.4–1.6), compared with the risk for patients not undergoing a dental procedure (adjusted OR, 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–1.1) respectively. Antibiotic prophylaxis in high-risk or low-risk dental procedures did not decrease the risk of subsequent total hip or knee infection (adjusted OR, 0.9 [95% CI, 0.5–1.6] and 1.2 [95% CI, 0.7–2.2], respectively). Dental procedures were not risk factors for subsequent total hip or knee infection. The use of antibiotic prophylaxis prior to dental procedures did not decrease the risk of subsequent total hip or knee infection.
Theoretical Study of the Structural Evolution of a Na2FeMn(CN)6 Cathode upon Na Intercalation (2015)

The Prussian Blue analog, Na<sub>x</sub>FeMn(CN)<sub>6</sub>, is a potential new cathode material for Na-ion batteries. During Na intercalation, the dehydrated material exhibits a monoclinic to rhombohedral phase transition, while the hydrated material remains in the monoclinic phase. With density functional theory calculations, the phase transition is explained in terms of a competition between Coulomb attraction, Pauli repulsion, and d–π covalent bonding. The interstitial Na cations have a strong Coulomb attraction to the N anions in the host material, which tend to bend the Mn–N bonds and reduce the volume of the structure. The presence of lattice H<sub>2</sub>O enhances the Pauli repulsion so that the volume reduction is suppressed. The calculated volume change, as it depends upon the presence of lattice H<sub>2</sub>O, is consistent with experimental measurements. Furthermore, a new LiFeMn(CN)<sub>6</sub> phase is predicted where MnN6 octahedra decompose into LiN<sub>4</sub> and MnN<sub>4</sub> edge-sharing tetrahedra.
Perineuronal Oligodendrocytes Protect against Neuronal Apoptosis through the Production of Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase in a Genetic Demyelinating Model (2021)

The genetic demyelinating mouse "twitcher" is a model of the human globoid cell leukodystrophy, caused by galactosylceramidase (GALC) deficiency. Demyelination in the twitcher brain is secondary to apoptotic death of oligodendrocytes (OLs). Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS), a protein expressed in mature OLs, was progressively upregulated in twitcher OLs; whereas expression of OL-associated proteins such as carbonic anhydrase II, myelin basic protein, and myelin-associated glycoprotein was downregulated during demyelination in twitcher brains. The upregulation of L-PGDS was more remarkable in perineuronal OLs than in interfascicular OLs. A larger number of L-PGDS-positive OLs was found in selected fiber tracts of twitcher brains where fewer apoptotic cells were detected. The distribution of L-PGDS-positive OLs was inversely related to the severity of demyelination, as assessed by accumulation of scavenger macrophages. Mice doubly deficient for L-PGDS and GALC disclosed a large number of apoptotic neurons, which were never seen in twitcher brains, in addition to an increased number of apoptotic OLs. A linear positive correlation was observed between the population of L-PGDS-positive OLs in the twitcher brain and the ratio of apoptotic nuclei in the double mutant versus those in the twitcher, suggesting a dose-dependent effect of L-PGDS against apoptosis. These lines of evidence suggest that L-PGDS is an anti-apoptotic molecule protecting neurons and OLs from apoptosis in the twitcher mouse. This is a novel example of OL-neuronal interaction.
Effect of a Wireless Vital Sign Monitoring System on the Rapid Response System in the General Ward (2022)

While wireless vital sign monitoring is expected to reduce the vital sign measurement time (thus reducing the nursing workload), its impact on the rapid response system is unclear. This study compared the time from vital sign measurement to recording and rapid response system activation between wireless and conventional vital sign monitoring in the general ward, to investigate the impact of wireless vital sign monitoring system on the rapid response system. The study divided 249 patients (age > 18 years; female: 47, male: 202) admitted to the general ward into non-wireless (n = 101) and wireless (n = 148) groups. Intervals from vital sign measurement to recording and from vital sign measurement to rapid response system activation were recorded. Effects of wireless system implementation for vital sign measurement on the nursing workload were surveyed in 30 nurses. The interval from vital sign measurement to recording was significantly shorter in the wireless group than in the non-wireless group (4.3 ± 2.9 vs. 44.7 ± 14.4 min, P < 0.001). The interval from vital sign measurement to rapid response system activation was also significantly lesser in the wireless group than in the non-wireless group (27.5 ± 12.9 vs. 41.8 ± 19.6 min, P = 0.029). The nursing workload related to vital sign measurement significantly decreased from 3 ± 0.87 to 2.4 ± 9.7 (P = 0.021) with wireless system implementation. Wireless vital sign monitoring significantly reduced the time to rapid response system activation by shortening the time required to measure the vital signs. It also significantly reduced the nursing workload.
The Impact of the Glomerular Filtration Rate on the Human Plasma Proteome (2017)

Overall, this study represents the most extensive characterization of the plasma proteome and its relation to GFR to date, and suggests the diagnostic and prognostic value of proteomics for CKD across all stages.
Efficacy of Pharmacological Agents for Ulcerative Proctitis: A Systematic Literature Review (2021)

The role of topical 5-ASA as a treatment for ulcerative proctitis has been confirmed in this systematic literature review, for induction and maintenance of remission. Future trials are needed to investigate the efficacy of more recent and upcoming drug classes in patients with ulcerative proctitis.
Impact of mono- and di-β-galactose moieties in in vitro / in vivo anticancer efficacy of pyropheophorbide-carbohydrate conjugates by photodynamic therapy (2022)

To investigate the impact of mono- and di-β-galactose moieties in tumor uptake and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy, HPPH [3-(1'-hexyloxy)ethyl-3-devinylpyropheophorobide-a], the meso pyropheophorbide-a [3-ethyl-3-devinyl-pyropheophorbide-a], and the corresponding 20-benzoic acid analogs were used as starting materials. Reaction of the intermediates containing one or two carboxylic acid functionalities with 1-aminogalactose afforded the desired 17<sup>2</sup>- or 20(4')- mono- and 17<sup>2</sup>, 20(4')-di galactose conjugated photosensitizers (PSs) with and without a carboxylic acid group. The overall lipophilicity caused by the presence of galactose in combination with either an ethyl or (1'-hexyloxy)ethyl side chain at position-3 of the macrocycle made a significant difference in <i>in vitro</i> uptake by tumor cells and photoreaction upon light exposure. Interestingly, among the PSs investigated, compared to HPPH <b>1</b> the carbohydrate conjugates <b>2</b> and <b>11</b> in which β-galactose moieties are conjugated at positions 17<sup>2</sup> and 20(4') of meso-pyro pheophorbide-a showed similar <i>in vitro</i> efficacy in FaDu cell lines, but in SCID mice bearing FaDu tumors (head & neck) Ps <b>11</b> gave significantly improved long-term tumor cure.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated Distyrylbenzene Chromophores: Effect of Fluorine Regiochemistry on Molecular Properties and Solid‐State Organization. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural properties of graphitized poly-peri-naphthalene whiskers (1986)

The poly-peri-naphthalene (PPN) whisker is a typical graphitizing carbonaceous material. Graphitized PPN consists of linear graphite chains oriented perpendicular to the direction of the whisker axis and folded at the whisker edges. The formation of such a unique whisker structure can be explained from the original structure of the PPN whisker.
The effect of a mild increase in temperature on tooth bleaching. (2008)

A controlled increase in the temperature of the bleaching agent might be useful in achieving better tooth bleaching in a shorter period of time.
Electromagnetic bias estimation using in situ and satellite data: 1. RMS wave slope (2003)

The electromagnetic (EM) bias is the largest source of error in TOPEX/Poseidon and Jason‐1 satellite altimeter sea surface height (SSH) estimates. Current operational EM bias models are based on empirical relationships between the bias, wind speed, and significant wave height. These models are limited in their accuracy because wind speed and wave height do not capture enough information about the sea state to uniquely specify the bias. In order to improve EM bias estimation, we have studied the correlation between the EM bias and RMS long wave slope using data from tower‐based experiments in the Gulf of Mexico and Bass Straight, Australia. Models based on significant wave height and RMS slope are more accurate than models based on wave height and wind speed by at least 50% in RMS error between predicted and ground truth bias values. Furthermore, models which incorporate wave slope exhibit reduced regional variation between the two widely separated experiment locations.
Catheter tracking using continuous radial MRI (1997)

The guidance of minimally invasive procedures may become a very important future application of MRI. The guidance of interventions requires images of the anatomy as well as the information of the position of invasive devices used. This paper introduces continuous radial MRI for the simultaneous acquisition of the anatomic MR image and the position of one or more small RF-coils (mu-coils), which can be mounted on invasive devices such as catheters or biopsy needles. This approach allows the in-plane tracking of an invasive device without any prolongation of the overall acquisition time. The extension to three-dimensional position tracking is described. Phantom studies are presented demonstrating the capability of this technique for real-time automatic adjustment of the slice position to the current catheter position with a temporal resolution of 100 ms. Simultaneously the in-plane catheter position is depicted in the actually acquired MR image during continuous scanning.
Cholinergic regulation of adrenal medullary blood flow (1991)

To determine the relative role of nicotinic and muscarinic mechanisms in splanchnic nerve stimulation (NS)-induced adrenal catecholamine secretion and medullary vasodilation, 12 pentobarbital-anesthetized dogs were subjected to three identical stimulations. The first NS was performed before drug administration and served as a control. The second NS was performed after administration of either the muscarinic antagonist, atropine 0.5 mg/kg (group 1), or the nicotinic antagonist, hexamethonium 20 mg/kg (group 2). The third NS was performed after administration of both drugs. NS in the absence of drug resulted in 4-fold and greater than 200-fold increases in medullary blood flow (Q, measured with radiolabeled microspheres) and catecholamine secretion (assayed by high-pressure liquid chromatography), respectively. Atropine, when administered alone (group 1), had no effect on these responses. Subsequent administration of hexamethonium to group 1 animals resulted in complete blockade of NS-induced changes in medullary Q and secretion. Hexamethonium alone (group 2) reduced the catecholamine response to NS by 95% but had no effect on the medullary Q response. Addition of atropine further attenuated the increase in catecholamine secretion induced by NS and completely blocked the medullary Q increase. These data suggest the presence of redundant mechanisms to increase medullary Q during NS. One mechanism likely involves neurally released acetylcholine-stimulating vascular muscarinic receptors, whereas the second requires either chromaffin cell degranulation or nicotinic ganglionic transmission.
Evaluation of Anisotropic Strain Relaxation in Strained Silicon-on-Insulator Nanostructure by Oil-Immersion Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

Precise stress measurements have been desired in order to apply strained Si substrates to next-generation transistors. Oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy enables the evaluation of the anisotropic stress state in the strained Si layer of the strained Si substrate even under (001)-oriented Si backscattering geometry. First, we found that the phonon deformation potentials (PDPs) reported by Anastassakis et al. in 1990 was the most valid among the three sets of PDP previous reported. Using these PDPs, the precise Raman measurements of biaxial stress in strained Si-on-insulator (SSOI) nanostructures were performed. The biaxial stresses σ x x and σ y y decreased with the decrease in SSOI width and length, which was consistent with the finite element method calculation.
Dare to Think Past the Anthropocene (2022)

To refer education to the dates 2030 and 2050, as the UN has done via its “Education for Sustainable Development” and “Futures of Education” initiatives, is to place it in the context of the IPCC’s two key deadlines for the reduction of carbon emissions. Yet this immediately leads to a paradox: how can we even begin to conceive or imagine education after 2050 without first recognizing that the current dismal failure to approach these targets stems in no small part from an inability to foster the collective knowledge and will required to take care of this biospheric emergency – and that remedying this inability absolutely depends on a transformation of the conditions of intergenerational transmission and a critique of contemporary education? Rather than being paralysed by this paradox, we must inhabit it as the vector of a new dynamism directed towards the transformation of the way education is conceived and undertaken in the nihilistic depths of the Anthropocene. This will require a renewed understanding of the meaning of both sustainability and diversity, the relationship these bear to reason and technics, and the way this ultimately yet unavoidably calls for a new economic model.
Successful Coiled Tubing Water Shutoff Solution for a Horizontal Sand Screen Completion Using Novel Fluids (2005)

Abstract This paper describes the results obtained, the techniques used, and the challenges involved in providing a water shutoff solution to a subsea gas production well with a sand screen completion on the Rose field in the UK Southern North Sea. The project began with a detailed reservoir analysis to determine if intervention was practical in this subhydrostatic well. This led to the planning and sourcing of suitable coiled tubing (CT) and pumping equipment, as well as an associated zonal isolation chemical solution. The design of the intervention was tailored to operate within the environment of a jackup installation located over a subsea well. This included CT and fluid pumping operations. The basis of the technique was to shut off the water-producing interval in the horizontal completion and isolate the unsupported annulus between the water bearing and gas producing intervals. The greatest challenge was to isolate the horizontal annulus between the gas and water producing zones. This required setting of mechanical barriers and the placement of suitable zonal isolation material that would set quickly without slumping and leaving the top of the annulus unsealed. This paper details the lessons learned throughout the intervention. In the case of the Rose well, it now produces dry gas. This was the first time globally that this technique had been applied to a subsea horizontal well.
Influence of physiologic motion on the appearance of tissue in MR images. (1986)

Studies were performed to determine the possible influence of physiologic motion on the parenchymal intensity of organs in magnetic resonance (MR) images. It is known that periodic motion associated with respiration and cardiac function causes characteristic artifacts in spin-warp images. The present study shows that bulk motion can also cause striking intensity changes at velocities equivalent to the craniocaudal respiratory excursion of organs in the upper abdomen. The magnitude of the effect depends on the velocity and direction of motion with respect to the three orthogonal axes of the imager and on the technical details of the imager and pulse sequence. Large systematic errors in calculated tissue relaxation times are possible due to this phenomenon. The findings have important implications for clinical imaging because motion can cause artifactual changes in the gray-scale relationships among tissues. Some pulse sequences are much less sensitive to these effects. These results provide guidance for selecting MR techniques that reduce the detrimental effect of respiratory and other physiologic motion on examinations of the upper abdomen and thorax.
Unsupervised Deep One-Class Classification with Adaptive Threshold based on Training Dynamics (2022)

One-class classification has been a prevailing method in building deep anomaly detection models under the assumption that a dataset consisting of normal samples is available. In practice, however, abnormal samples are often mixed in a training dataset, and they detrimentally affect the training of deep models, which limits their applicability. For robust normality learning of deep practical models, we propose an unsupervised deep one-class classification that learns normality from pseudo-labeled normal samples, i.e., outlier detection in single cluster scenarios. To this end, we propose a pseudo-labeling method by an adaptive threshold selected by ranking-based training dynamics. The experiments on 10 anomaly detection benchmarks show that our method effectively improves performance on anomaly detection by sizable margins.