gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunohistochemical analysis of Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax in tumors of central and peripheral nervous system origin. (1997)

The expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax was examined by immunohistochemical methods in 93 tumors of nervous system origin, including 49 gliomas (30 astrocytomas and 19 glioblastoma multiforme (GMs)), 16 medulloblastomas (MBs), 19 neuroblastomas (NBs; 9 undifferentiated and 10 differentiated), and 9 miscellaneous neuroectodermal neoplasms. Among the 49 gliomas, immunopositivity (defined as > or = 10%) was observed for Bcl-2 in 45 (92%), Bcl-X in 48 (98%), Mcl-1 in 49 (100%), and Bax in 48 (98%) of 49 specimens. In 11 (37%) of 30 astrocytomas (WHO grades I to III), the tumor specimens were composed predominantly of malignant cells with strong-intensity Bcl-2 immunostaining, whereas none of the 19 GMs (WHO grade IV) exhibited strong-intensity Bcl-2 immunoreactivity (P = 0.001). Similarly, Mcl-1 immunointensity was strong in 15 (50%) of 30 astrocytomas, compared with only 2 (11%) of 19 GMs (P = 0.005). The percentage of Mcl-1-immunopositive tumor cells was also higher in astrocytomas than GMs (P < 0.002). Thus, contrary to a priori expectations, the expression of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Mcl-1 was significantly higher in astrocytomas than in GMs. Of the 16 MBs, immunopositivity was found for Bcl-2 in 4 (25%), Bcl-X in 9 (56%), Mcl-1 in 8 (50%), and Bax in 16 (100%) of the cases. The intensity of immunostaining was strong for Bcl-2 in only 1 (6%) specimen, for Bcl-X in 3 (19%), and for Mcl-1 in 2 (12.5%), in contrast to Bax immunostaining, which was strong in 12 (75%) tumors. Significantly higher percentages of Bax-immunopositive tumor cells were also found in MBs, compared with Bcl-2, Bcl-X, and Mcl-1 (P < 0.0001). All 19 NBs were immunopositive for Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax. Higher percentages of Bcl-X- and Mcl-1-immunopositive tumor cells were observed in well differentiated tumors (P = 0.04 and 0.004, respectively). The intensity of Mcl-1 immunostaining was also generally higher in differentiated than undifferentiated NBs (strong immunointensity in 7 of 10 versus 0 of 9; P = 0.002). Conversely, strong-intensity Bax immunostaining was associated with undifferentiated histology (5 of 9 (56%) versus 1 of 10 (10%); P = 0.03). Taken together, these findings begin to delineate trends in the regulation of the relative levels of the Bcl-2 family proteins, Bcl-2, Bcl-X, Mcl-1, and Bax in gliomas, MBs, NBs, and some of their histological subtypes. The suggestion that expression of some of these Bcl-2 family genes may be differentially regulated in association with tumor progression and differentiation provides insights into the diverse biology and clinical behavior of these tumors of nervous system origin.
Nondestructive evaluation of silicon-on-insulator substrates using x-ray double crystal topography (1992)

The strain distributions of various silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers were studied using Bragg reflection mode double crystal topography analysis. These SOI samples included the separation by implanted oxygen (SIMOX), the zone melt recrystallization (ZMR), and the bond and etch-back silicon-on-insulator. The inherent warpage of each SOI sample was revealed by x-ray double crystal topography. Dislocation loops and surface-terminating defects were also observed on the ZMR sample. The defect density was evaluated by double crystal rocking curve analysis using a symmetric (004) setup. The relative peak intensities and full width at half-maxima were measured. The quality of superficial silicon layers of most SOI wafers was similar to the quality of a single crystal silicon, except the ZMR sample. According to these analyses, SIMOX wafers provide the best single crystal quality and consistent lattice characteristics under various fabrication processes.
Neuropeptide Hormone Rece Ptors: Strategies for Identification (1991)

Study of the structure--function relationship of neuropeptide hormone receptors presents a number of technical difficulties associated with the isolation of a given receptor protein in a purified form. A variety of molecular approaches has enabled corresponding cDNA clones to be isolated without the need to embark on protein purification procedures. However, the molecular cloning approach requires that appropriate tools for identifying cDNAs encoding the respective receptor be available. Strategies designed to address this problem will be discussed and include functional expression of neuropeptide hormone receptors in frog oocytes, hybrid depletion and inactivation of receptor-encoding mRNAs by RNase H digestion, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of cDNAs encoding putative receptors, and expression of transfected receptor genes in cell cultures followed by identification using a cell sorter.
State estimation for distribution systems using micro-synchrophasors (2015)

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) has contributed greatly to power system state estimation because of its ability to directly measure voltage and current phase angle. PMUs have been used almost exclusively in transmission systems monitoring. Recent years, increasing penetration of renewable energy sources brings new characteristics into distribution system such as bi-directional power flows and voltage profile issues, which has necessitated continuous monitoring of distribution systems. Therefore, fast and accurate measurement device is needed for application in distribution networks. μPMU is such a device that can provide phasor measurements with high precision and low cost. This paper uses a linear three phase state estimator for applications in distribution systems. The proposed estimator can make use of synchrophasor measurements which can be realized by μPMU. This is tested on IEEE 13 bus feeder which has unbalanced three phase transmission lines and loads.
Spatially adaptive statistical modeling of wavelet image coefficients and its application to denoising (1999)

This paper deals with the application to denoising of a very simple but effective "local" spatially adaptive statistical model for the wavelet image representation that was previously introduced successfully in a compression context. Motivated by the intimate connection between compression and denoising, this paper explores the significant role of the underlying statistical wavelet image model. The model used here, a simplified version of the one proposed by LoPresto, Ramchandran and Orchard (see Proc. IEEE Data Compression Conf., 1997), is that of a mixture process of independent component fields having a zero-mean Gaussian distribution with unknown variances /spl sigma//sub s//sup 2/ that are slowly spatially-varying with the wavelet coefficient location s. We propose to use this model for image denoising by initially estimating the underlying variance field using a maximum likelihood (ML) rule and then applying the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) estimation procedure. In the process of variance estimation, we assume that the variance field is "locally" smooth to allow its reliable estimation, and use an adaptive window-based estimation procedure to capture the effect of edges. Despite the simplicity of our method, our denoising results compare favorably with the best reported results in the denoising literature.
Energies of C2H5O and C2H5O+ isomers (1995)

The Gaussian-2 (G2) theoretical procedure, based on ab initio molecular orbital theory, is used to calculate the energies of C2H5O and C2H5O+ isomers. The ethoxy radical cation (CH3CH2O+) is found to have a 3A″ ground state while the singlet state is predicted to be unstable to rearrangement. The G2 adiabatic ionization potential of ethoxy radical is 10.32 eV in good agreement with a new ionization potential reported by Ruscic and Berkowitz of 10.29±0.08 eV from photoionization studies. The 2-hydroxyethyl radical (CH2CH2OH) has three isomers of nearly equal energy (within 1.6 kcal/mol). No stable 2-hydroxyethyl cation was located as it collapses to either O-protonated oxirane or 1-hydroxyethyl cation. The G2 appearance potential of CH3CHOH+ from ethanol of 10.79 eV is in excellent agreement with the recent photoionization value of 10.801±0.005 eV. The α(C–H), β(C–H), and O–H bond dissociation energies of ethanol are 94.9, 101.9, and 104.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The G2 result for the O–H bond energy is in good agreement with experiment while the results for the other two bond energies suggest that the experimental values for these quantities may be low.
(E)-Selective olefination of aldehydes by means of gem-dichromium reagents derived by reduction of gem-diiodoalkanes with chromium(II) chloride (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT(E)-Selective olefination of aldehydes by means of gem-dichromium reagents derived by reduction of gem-diiodoalkanes with chromium(II) chlorideT. Okazoe, Kazuhiko Takai, and K. UtimotoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3, 951–953Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00237a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00237a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4076Altmetric-Citations188LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cumulant based parameter estimation of multichannel moving-average processes (2003)

Given finite samples of a stationary, perhaps noisy, nonGaussian r-variate moving-average, MA(q) process, the authors study cumulant based identifiability conditions, under which the MA coefficient matrices, the input statistics, and the order q, can be uniquely determined. The selection of a unique representative from the equivalence class corresponding to a given cumulant structure involves less restrictions than that corresponding to a given covariance structure. They derive two algorithms for estimating the (possibly) nonminimum phase MA coefficient matrices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Sequential Application of Kinetic Resolution and Polymer-Supported Scavenging for the Isolation of Chiral Secondary Alcohols (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteA Sequential Application of Kinetic Resolution and Polymer-Supported Scavenging for the Isolation of Chiral Secondary AlcoholsArmando Córdova, Martin R. Tremblay, Bruce Clapham, and Kim D. JandaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 16, 5645–5648Publication Date (Web):July 11, 2001Publication History Received24 May 2001Published online11 July 2001Published inissue 1 August 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo010529uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo010529ubrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views534Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Kinetic resolution,Organic compounds,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
The pyruvate kinase isoenzyme tumor M2 (Tu M2-PK) as a tumor marker for renal carcinoma. (1999)

Various isoforms of the glycolytic enzyme pyruvate kinase are expressed in different cell-types. One of these isoforms, the type Tu M2-PK, is strongly overexpressed by tumor cells and released into body fluids. The concentration of Tu M2-PK in body fluids can be quantitatively determined by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)-kit. Using this kit, the Tu M2-PK concentration was measured in EDTA-plasma of 64 patients with renal carcinoma and 10 patients suffering from nephritis. The ranges of the Tu M2-PK-concentrations of the two groups did not overlap, indicating a highly significant discrimination of renal carcinoma and benign renal diseases. Furthermore, the Tu M2-PK-concentration in EDTA-plasma correlates strongly with the Robson tumor stage of the 64 patients. The present results indicate that the Tu M2-PK might be the first tumor marker which could be an excellent complementation of the diagnostic program for renal carcinoma.
Agarwood Induced Laxative EffectsviaAcetylcholine Receptors on Loperamide-Induced Constipation in Mice (2010)

Agarwood (Aquilaria sinensis, Aquilaria crasna) is well known as an incense in the oriental region such as Thailand, Taiwan, and Cambodia, and is used as a digestive in traditional medicine. We investigated the laxative effects and mechanism of agarwood leaves extracted with ethanol (EEA-1, Aquilaria sinensis; EEA-2, Aquilaria crasna). EEA-1, EEA-2, the main constituents of EEAs (mangiferin, and genkwanin-5-O-primeveroside), and senna increased the frequency and weight of stools in loperamide-induced constipation model mice. EEA-1 and EEA-2 did not induce diarrhea as a side effect, but senna induced severe diarrhea. EEA-1 and senna increased gastro-intestinal (GI) transit in the model mice. EEA-1, but not senna, also increased the intestinal tension of isolated jejunum and ileum in guinea pigs, and the tension increase was blocked by atropine, a muscarinic receptor antagonist, but not by other inhibitors (granicetron, pyrilamine, or bradykinin-antagonist peptide). Furthermore, the increase in frequency and weight of stools induced by EEA-1 were blocked by pre-administration of atropine in the model mice. These findings indicate that EEAs exerted a laxative effect via acetylcholine receptors in the mouse constipation model.
Flexible AMOLED display on polyethylene napthalate (PEN) foil with metal-oxide TFT backplane (2012)

We present a top emitting monochrome AMOLED display with 85dpi resolution using an amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide (IGZO) TFT backplane on PEN-foil. Maximum processing temperature was limited to 150 °C in order to ensure an overlay accuracy &lt; 3μm on PEN foil. The backplane process flow is based on a 7 mask photolithography process that yields a final mobility of the IGZO TFTs of ∼ 13 cm2A/s.
Advanced bioreactors for enhanced production of chemicals (1993)

Spider silk is predominantly composed of structural proteins called spider fibroins or spidroins. The major ampullate silk that forms the dragline and the cobweb's frame threads of Nephila clavipes is believed to be a composite of two spidroins, designated as Masp 1 and 2. Specific antibodies indeed revealed the presence of Masp 1 and 2 specific epitopes in the spinning dope and solubilized threads. In contrast, sequencing of specific peptides obtained from solubilized threads or gland urea extracts were exclusively homologous to segments of Masp 1, suggesting that this protein is more abundantly expressed in silk than Masp 2. The strength of immunoreactivities corroborated this finding. Polypeptides reactive against both Masp 1 and 2 specific antibodies were found to be expressed in the epithelia of the tail and different gland zones and accumulated in the gland secreted material. Both extracts of gland secretion and solubilized threads showed a ladder of polypeptides in the size range of 260-320 kDa in gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions, whereas gel filtration chromatography yielded molecular masses of the proteins of approximately 300-350 kDa. In the absence of a reducing agent, dimeric forms of the spidroins were observed with estimated molecular masses of 420-480 kDa according to gel electrophoresis and 550-650 kDa as determined by gel filtration chromatography. Depending on the preparation, some silk material readily underwent degradation, and polypeptides down to 20 kDa in size and less were detectable.
The synthesis and polymerization of oxo‐crown ethers (1996)

Abstract A novel synthetic route to and a polymerization procedure for oxo‐crown ethers 2, 11‐dioxo‐18‐crown‐6 ( 1 ), 2‐oxo‐12‐crown‐4 ( 2 ) and 2‐oxo‐21‐crown‐7 ( 3 ) are described. Cyclization of the ω‐hydroxycarboxylic acid precursors of 1—3 has been achieved by heating these precursors in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst (CoCl 2 ) and a template salt (MCl). Cyclization yields up to 82% were reached, using CsCl as template salt. Oxo‐crown ethers 1—3 have been polymerized using SnOct 2 as catalyst, giving polymers with molecular weights of approximately 5 kg/mol and dispersities of ca. 1.8 (measured with polyethylene oxide standards). The polymerization of 2 was monitored with 1 H‐NMR and SEC giving information about (a) the influence of monomer/catalyst ratio and temperature on polymerization rate and (b) the influence of temperature on molecular weight (distribution). The possibility of introducing endgroups into poly(2‐oxo‐12‐crown‐4) using SnOct 2 ‐catalyzed polymerization was also studied.
Transitions to Liquid Crystalline Phases in Tri-Block Oligomers F(CF2)n (CH2)m (CF2)n F (1991)

Abstract Using transmitted polarized light microscopy, we identified liquid crystalline behavior in the tri-block semifluorinated alkanes F(CF2) 12(CH2)8(CF2)12F, F(CF2)10, (CH2)10(CF2)10F and F(CF2)12(CH2)12(CF2)12F. All three compounds exhibit mosaic textures (smectic B) on heating to within 0.4°C of the temperature at which an isotropic melt is formed. The smectic B-isotropic transition is reversible. Crystallization is accompanied by the formation of a fine sub-texture within the smectic B domains. The sub-texture has a well-defined orientation relative to the habit of the parent domains, suggesting that molecules develop a tilt relative to the layer normal. Both the scale of the sub-texture and the temperature at which it begins to form depend on the cooling rate, indicating a significant kinetic barrier to the accompanying molecular rearrangement. Key Words: Fluorocarbonmesophasemosaic texturesemifluorinated alkanesmectictilt
Optimal object grasp using tactile sensors and fuzzy logic (1999)

Optimal control of fingertip force during grasping operation by multifingered robotic end effectors is an important consideration. Determination of optimal fingertip force is, however, very complicated due to the involvement of a number of contact parameters at the finger-object interface including the mass of the object and the frictional properties of the contact surfaces. Modelling of various contact parameters is computationally overloading, which may not be tenable in practical situations where objects of different mass and material are available. Also for an unknown and unstructured environment, these properties may not be known in advance. This paper presents a controller based on fuzzy logic which is capable of performing optimal grasp of objects without knowing their mass and frictional properties. The controller also accounts for stability and dynamic aspects of the grasp. The experimental results of the implementation are presented.
The Influence of Binaural Room Impulse Responses on Externalization in Virtual Reality Scenarios (2021)

A headphone-based virtual sound image can not be perceived as perfectly externalized if the acoustic of the synthesized room does not match that of the real listening environment. This effect has been well explored and is known as the room divergence effect (RDE). The RDE is important for perceived externalization of virtual sounds if listeners are aware of the room-related auditory information provided by the listening environment. In the case of virtual reality (VR) applications, users get a visual impression of the virtual room, but may not be aware of the auditory information of this room. It is unknown whether the acoustic congruence between the synthesized (binaurally rendered) room and the visual-only virtual listening environment is important for externalization. VR-based psychoacoustic experiments were performed and the results reveal that perceived externalization of virtual sounds depends on listeners’ expectations of the acoustic of the visual-only virtual room. The virtual sound images can be perceived as externalized, although there is an acoustic divergence between the binaurally synthesized room and the visual-only virtual listening environment. However, the “correct” room information in binaural sounds may lead to degraded externalization if the acoustic properties of the room do not match listeners’ expectations.
A Novel Sterically Bulky Hole Transporter to Remarkably Improve the Lifetime of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent OLEDs at High Brightness (2017)

For the practical application of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for large area TV and solid state lighting, low power consumption as well as the operation lifetime at high brightness over 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> must be improved. Here, we have developed a novel hexaphenylbenzene-based sterically bulky hole-transport layer named 4DBTHPB with deep ionization potential of 5.8 eV and high triplet energy of 2.7 eV. By using 4DBTHPB, we can realize a highly efficient and stable TADF OLED exhibiting external quantum efficiency of 21.6 % and power efficiency of 54.3 lm W<sup>-1</sup> and operation lifetime at 50 % (LT<sub>50</sub> ) of approximately 10 000 h at an initial luminance of 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> . These performances are comparable to those of the state-of-the-art green phosphorescent OLEDs reported in the scientific literatures.