gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3d transition metal intercalates of the niobium and trantalum dichalcogenides (1980)

Abstract Optical reflectivity spectra of the first-row transition metal intercalation complexes, M1/3NbS2 and M1/3TaS2 (M = V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), Mn1/4 TaS2 and Fe1/4 NbSe2 have been measured at room temperature and compared with those for the host compounds, 2H NbS2, 2H TaS2 and 2H NbSe2. It is found that a simple rigid-band model is inconsistent with the data and that it is necessary to include both broadening of the valence and the lowest conduction band through increased interlayer interactions and broadening of the 3d energy levels on the intercalate ions through interaction with the Nb or Ta d-band conduction electrons. Quantitative analysis of the free-carrier reflectivity edge is performed by fitting to a simple Drude model from which the free-carrier effective mass and scattering time can be deduced.
Reliability and Characteristics of Wafer-Level Chip-Scale Packages under Current Stress (2008)

In this work, we present a novel approach and method for elucidating the characteristics of wafer-level chip-scale packages (WLCSPs) for electromigration (EM) tests. The die in WLCSP was directly attached to the substrate via a soldered interconnect. The shrinking of the area of the die that is available for power, and the solder bump also shrinks the volume and increases the density of electrons for interconnect efficiency. The bump current density now approaches to 106 A/cm2, at which point the EM becomes a significant reliability issue. As known, the EM failure depends on numerous factors, including the working temperature and the under bump metallization (UBM) thickness. A new interconnection geometry is adopted extensively with moderate success in overcoming larger mismatches between the displacements of components during current and temperature changes. Both environments and testing parameters for WLCSP are increasingly demanded. Although failure mechanisms are considered to have been eliminated or at least made manageable, new package technologies are again challenging its process, integrity and reliability. WLCSP technology was developed to eliminate the need for encapsulation to ensure compatibility with smart-mount technology (SMT). The package has good handing properties but is now facing serious reliability problems. In this work, we investigated the reliability of a WLCSP subjected to different accelerated current stressing conditions at a fixed ambient temperature of 125 °C. A very strong correlation exists between the mean time to failure (MTTF) of the WLCSP test vehicle and the mean current density that is carried by a solder joint. A series of current densities were applied to the WLCSP architecture; Black's power law was employed in a failure mode simulation. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was adopted to determine the differences existing between high- and low-current-density failure modes.
Galectin-3 Inhibits Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Growth and Impacts Paracoccidioidomycosis through Multiple Mechanisms (2019)

The thermodimorphic pathogenic fungi <i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i> and <i>Paracoccidioides lutzii</i> are the etiologic causes of paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM), the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Galectin-3 (Gal-3), an animal β-galactoside-binding protein, modulates important roles during microbial infections, such as triggering a Th2-polarized immune response in PCM. Herein, we demonstrate that Gal-3 also plays other important roles in <i>P. brasiliensis</i> infection. We verified that Gal-3 levels are upregulated in human and mice infections and established that Gal-3 inhibited <i>P. brasiliensis</i> growth by inhibiting budding. Furthermore, Gal-3 affected disruption and internalization of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from <i>P. brasiliensis</i> by macrophages. Our results suggest important protective roles for Gal-3 in <i>P. brasiliensis</i> infection, indicating that increased Gal-3 production during <i>P. brasiliensis</i> infection may affect fungal growth and EV stability, thus promoting beneficial effects that could influence the course of PCM. The finding that Gal-3 has effects against <i>P. brasiliensis</i> together with previously reported effects against <i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> suggests that molecule has a general antifungal role in innate defenses against fungal pathogens.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is the most prevalent systemic mycosis in Latin America. Although the immune mechanisms to control PCM are still not fully understood, several events of the host innate and adaptive immunity are crucial to determine the progress of the infection. Mammalian β-galactoside-binding protein galectin-3 (Gal-3) plays significant roles during microbial infections and has been studied for its immunomodulatory roles, but it can also have direct antimicrobial effects. We asked whether this protein plays a role in <i>Paracoccidioides brasiliensis</i> We report herein that Gal-3 indeed has direct effects on the fungal pathogen, inhibiting fungal growth and reducing extracellular vesicle stability. Our results suggest a direct role for Gal-3 in <i>P. brasiliensis</i> infection, with beneficial effects for the mammalian host.
rbSec1A and B colocalize with syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 throughout the axon, but are not in a stable complex with syntaxin. (1995)

rbSec1 is a mammalian neuronal protein homologous to the yeast SEC1 gene product which is required for exocytosis. Mutations in Sec1 homologues in the nervous systems of C. elegans and D. melanogaster lead to defective neurotransmitter secretion. Biochemical studies have shown that recombinant rbSec1 binds syntaxin 1 but not SNAP-25 or synaptobrevin/VAMP, the two proteins which together with syntaxin 1 form the synaptic SNARE complex. In this study we have examined the subcellular localization of rbSec1 and the degree of interaction between rbSec1 and syntaxin 1 in situ. rbSec1, which we show here to be represented by two alternatively spliced isoforms, rbSec1A and B, has a widespread distribution in the axon and is not restricted to the nerve terminal. This distribution parallels the localization of syntaxin 1 and SNAP-25 along the entire axonal plasmalemma. rbSec1 is found in a soluble and a membrane-associated form. Although a pool of rbSec1 is present on the plasmalemma, the majority of membrane-bound rbSec1 is not associated with syntaxin 1. We also show that rbSec1 is not part of the synaptic SNARE complex or of the syntaxin 1/SNAP-25 complex we show to be present in non-synaptic regions of the axon. Thus, in spite of biochemical studies demonstrating the high affinity interaction of rbSec1 and syntaxin 1, our results indicate that rbSec1 and syntaxin 1 are not stably associated. They also suggest that the function of rbSec1, syntaxin 1, and SNAP-25 is not restricted to synaptic vesicle exocytosis at the synapse.
High-speed radio-resource scheduling for 5G ultra-high-density distributed antenna systems (2016)

This paper proposes a high-speed radio-resource scheduling scheme that achieves higher system throughput in ultra-high-density distributed antenna systems for 5G mobile communications systems. In 5G systems, the best combination of a huge number of antennas and user equipment for communications should be decided in the scheduling. The proposed scheme can search for the most suitable combination. It then quickly obtains the combination for which the system throughput is higher, and thus the scheduling can be done within the required period. Simulation results show that the system throughput obtained is about 7.7 times higher than for exhaustive search. The proposed scheme enables a future practical 5G system.
α-Helix mimetics as inhibitors of protein–protein interactions (2008)

The inhibition of protein-protein interactions using small molecules is a viable approach for the treatment of a range of pathological conditions that result from a malfunctioning of these interactions. Our strategy for the design of such agents involves the mimicry of side-chain residues on one face of the alpha-helix; these residues frequently play a key role in mediating protein-protein interactions. The first-generation terphenyl scaffold, with a 3,2',2''-substitution pattern, is able to successfully mimic key helix residues and disrupt therapeutically relevant interactions, including the Bcl-X(L)-Bak and the p53-hDM2 (human double minute 2) interactions that are implicated in cancer. The second- and third-generation scaffolds have resulted in greater synthetic accessibility and more drug-like character in these molecules.
Computational classification of core and outer fucosylation of N‐glycoproteins in human plasma using collision‐induced dissociation in mass spectrometry (2020)

We established an F-score to classify three different fucosylation types: core, outer, and dual types of N-glycopeptides. The fucosylation types of 20 new N-glycopeptides from 11 glycoproteins in human plasma were classified using the F-score. Therefore, the F-score can be useful for the automatic classification of different types of fucosylation in N-glycoproteins of biological fluids including plasma, serum, and urine.
Hard X-ray wavefront correction via refractive phase plates made by additive and subtractive fabrication techniques (2020)

Modern subtractive and additive manufacturing techniques present new avenues for X-ray optics with complex shapes and patterns. Refractive phase plates acting as glasses for X-ray optics have been fabricated, and spherical aberration in refractive X-ray lenses made from beryllium has been successfully corrected. A diamond phase plate made by femtosecond laser ablation was found to improve the Strehl ratio of a lens stack with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.88 × 10<sup>-3</sup> at 8.2 keV from 0.1 to 0.7. A polymer phase plate made by additive printing achieved an increase in the Strehl ratio of a lens stack at 35 keV with NA of 0.18 × 10<sup>-3</sup> from 0.15 to 0.89, demonstrating diffraction-limited nanofocusing at high X-ray energies.
Benz(2-heteroaryl)cyanoximes and their Tl(i) complexes: new room temperature blue emitters (2008)

A series of five 2-heteroarylcyanoximes such as: alpha-oximino-(2-benzimidazolyl)acetonitrile (HBIHCO), alpha-oximino-(N-methy-l-2-benzimidazolyl)acetonitrile (HBIMCO), alpha-oximino-(2-benzoxazolyl)acetonitrile (HBOCO), alpha-oximino-(2-benzothiazolyl)acetonitrile (HBTCO) and alpha-oximino-(2-quinolyl)acetonitrile (HQCO) and their monovalent thallium(i) complexes were synthesized and characterized using spectroscopic methods ((1)H, (13)C NMR, IR, UV-visible, mass-spectrometry) and X-ray analysis. The HBIMCO (as monohydrate) adopts planar trans-anti configuration in the solid state. The crystal structure of "HBOCO" revealed the presence of nitroso anion a, BOCO(-), and protonated oxime cation b, H(2)BOCO(+), that form a H-bonded dimer in the unit cell. Both molecules adopt planar structures, but different configurations: cis-anti in the molecule a, and trans-anti for b. This is the first reported case of a zwitterionic pair in oximes and the coexistence of the two geometrical cis/trans isomers in the same crystal. All 2-heteroarylcyanoximes form yellow anions upon deprotonation, which exhibit significant negative solvatochromism in solution. Heterogeneous reactions between hot aqueous solutions of Tl(2)CO(3) and solid protonated 2-heteroarylcyanoximes HL afford yellow TlL. The crystal structure of Tl(BTCO) shows the formation of centrosymmetrical dimers, which connect with each other to form a double-stranded one-dimensional coordination polymer. The oxygen atom of the oxime group acts as a bridge between the three different Tl(i) centers. The anion is non-planar and adopts a trans-anti configuration in the complex. The polymeric motif in the complex represents a ladder-type structure. Staggered pi-pi interactions between benzothiazolyl groups provide additional stabilization of the structure. Both organic ligands and their Tl(i) complexes exhibit strong room temperature blue emission in the solid state.
Wideband MIMO Frequency-Modulated Emission Design With Space-Frequency Nulling (2016)

A design approach is presented that jointly optimizes the beampattern and spectral content of a wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar emission within the context of physically realizable frequency-modulated (FM) waveforms emitted from a uniform linear array. Such waveforms minimize the distortion induced by the power amplifier by virtue of being constant amplitude and inherently well-contained spectrally. The design approach is a specific form of alternating projections that shapes the emission spectrum as a function of spatial angle while intrinsically addressing the problem of reactive power that arises for the wideband MIMO emission. This scheme also permits incorporation of joint space-frequency nulling to facilitate spectrum cohabitation with other nearby RF users. The design process is performed in a discretized manner that is oversampled relative to waveform 3-dB bandwidth to capture a sufficient portion of the spectral roll-off to realize the physical waveform, which is subsequently implemented via the polyphase-coded FM structure.
A Transmission Electron Microscopic study of the densification of 10:90 colloidal silica: Alkali silicate sol-gels (1989)

The sintering behavior of a low density 10:90 wt% colloidal silica: potassium silicate sol-gel is being investigated. This material is of technological interest because of its ease of processing, high purity and relatively low sintering temperature. Porous structures are most frequently characterized by mercury penetration porosimetry and B.E.T. sorption technique. The underlying theory of both these procedures assume a priori knowledge of the pore geometry. Conversely, microscopic analysis allows direct observation of the pore network provided sample preparation does not alter the structure. To this end, the techniques of ultramicrotomy and Pt/C replication were adopted. Specimen preparation for ultramicrotomy is described elsewhere. All thin-sectioning was performed with a D.D.K. diamond knife using a distilled water media. The replicas were produced by a Balzers 301 freeze etch apparatus at a vacuum of 1 X 10 -7 Torr. Platinum was evaporated at a thickness of 2.5 nm at 45° followed by a 15 nm layer of carbon deposited at 90°. The replicas were retrieved by immersing the gel in HF with a distilled water rinse. Both ultramicrotomed sections and replicas were collected onto carbon coated 400 mesh grids. All micrographs were taken on a JEOL 100CX in bright field mode.
The Novel Monocot-Specific 9-Lipoxygenase ZmLOX12 Is Required to Mount an Effective Jasmonate-Mediated Defense Against Fusarium verticillioides in Maize (2014)

Fusarium verticillioides is a major limiting factor for maize production due to ear and stalk rot and the contamination of seed with the carcinogenic mycotoxin fumonisin. While lipoxygenase (LOX)-derived oxylipins have been implicated in defense against diverse pathogens, their function in maize resistance against F. verticillioides is poorly understood. Here, we functionally characterized a novel maize 9-LOX gene, ZmLOX12. This gene is distantly related to known dicot LOX genes, with closest homologs found exclusively in other monocot species. ZmLOX12 is predominantly expressed in mesocotyls in which it is strongly induced in response to F. verticillioides infection. The Mutator transposon-insertional lox12-1 mutant is more susceptible to F. verticillioides colonization of mesocotyls, stalks, and kernels. The infected mutant kernels accumulate a significantly greater amount of the mycotoxin fumonisin. Reduced resistance to the pathogen is accompanied by diminished levels of the jasmonic acid (JA) precursor 12-oxo phytodienoic acid, JA-isoleucine, and expression of jasmonate-biosynthetic genes. Supporting the strong defense role of jasmonates, the JA-deficient opr7 opr8 double mutant displayed complete lack of immunity to F. verticillioides. Unexpectedly, the more susceptible lox12 mutant accumulated higher levels of kauralexins, suggesting that F. verticillioides is tolerant to this group of antimicrobial phytoalexins. This study demonstrates that this unique monocot-specific 9-LOX plays a key role in defense against F. verticillioides in diverse maize tissues and provides genetic evidence that JA is the major defense hormone against this pathogen.
Efficient parallel evaluation of CSG tree using fixed number of processors (1993)

Evaluation of CSG tree in a CSG based solid modeler is a very computationally intensive operation. In this paper we explore avenues for evaluating CSG trees by using multiple processors with shared memory. We propose a new parallel tree contraction algorithm, and apply the algorithm for parallel evaluation of CSG
A Novel Family of Quadrupole-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometers for a Broad Range of Analytical Applications (2020)

The rapidly increasing adoption of high-resolution accurate-mass methods in analytical laboratories has fueled demand for instruments that combine high performance and reliability with small size and greater ease-of-use. This paper presents the major design principles that are driving the evolution of the hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap instrument architecture to enable a greater range of applications and users. These principles may be summarized as follows: better usage of physical space and better access for service by means of size reduction of pumping and ion optics; expanded use of technologies from electronics in ion-optical design; flexibility in performance via modularity of design of the hardware and software components; and, harmonization of interfaces with other instruments to facilitate sharing and transferability of analytical workflows. The design of a novel family of hybrid mass spectrometers is described in detail, and performance evaluation is carried out on a wide variety of samples for its three representatives: the Orbitrap Exploris 120, Orbitrap Exploris 240 and Orbitrap Exploris 480 mass spectrometers.The new instrument family is shown to offer compelling potential not only for high-end proteomics and biopharmaceutical applications, but also for screening, trace, targeted and clinical analysis by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry methods.
DNA as Tunable Adaptor for siRNA Polyplex Stabilization and Functionalization (2016)

siRNA and microRNA are promising therapeutic agents, which are engaged in a natural mechanism called RNA interference that modulates gene expression posttranscriptionally. For intracellular delivery of such nucleic acid triggers, we use sequence-defined cationic polymers manufactured through solid phase chemistry. They consist of an oligoethanamino amide core for siRNA complexation and optional domains for nanoparticle shielding and cell targeting. Due to the small size of siRNA, electrostatic complexes with polycations are less stable, and consequently intracellular delivery is less efficient. Here we use DNA oligomers as adaptors to increase size and charge of cargo siRNA, resulting in increased polyplex stability, which in turn boosts transfection efficiency. Extending a single siRNA with a 181-nucleotide DNA adaptor is sufficient to provide maximum gene silencing aided by cationic polymers. Interestingly, this simple strategy was far more effective than merging defined numbers (4-10) of siRNA units into one DNA scaffolded construct. For DNA attachment, the 3' end of the siRNA passenger strand was beneficial over the 5' end. The impact of the attachment site however was resolved by introducing bioreducible disulfides at the connection point. We also show that DNA adaptors provide the opportunity to readily link additional functional domains to siRNA. Exemplified by the covalent conjugation of the endosomolytic influenza peptide INF-7 to siRNA via a DNA backbone strand and complexing this construct with a targeting polymer, we could form a highly functional polyethylene glycol-shielded polyplex to downregulate a luciferase gene in folate receptor-positive cells.
EFFECTS OF HYDROCARBON LIQUID FEED IN POLYETHYLENE POLYMERIZATION PROCESS ON PARTICLE SURFACE TEMPERATURE (2006)

In the fluidized bed gas phase polymerization of polyethylene (PE), the heat generated by the exothermic polymerization process is dissipated into the gas mixture flowing past the polymer particles. The polymer particle temperature is determined by the extent of convective heat transfer and other mechanisms of heat removal. In addition to the heat removal by convective heat transfer, liquid hydrocarbon (HC) is often injected into the reactor to further remove heat by evaporation but without partaking in the reaction. The effects of adding this liquid HC on the particle surface temperature have been investigated numerically by means of a one-dimensional polar model. Results indicate that the primary mechanism for removal of the heat of polymerization from the particles is by means of convective heat transfer to the bulk gas, which amounts to 99.5% removal of total heat of polymerization. The PE particle temperature rises only by 1–2°C above the surrounding bed gas mixture. The addition of liquid HC to the feed, however, has a pronounced effect on controlling the reactor gas temperature as most of this liquid is evaporated to the gaseous phase before it reaches the polymer particles. To state it clearly, heat of polymerization is transferred from the particles to the reactor bulk gas predominantly by convection, and part of this heat is subsequently absorbed by evaporation of the fresh liquid HC in the feed. Comparison with a detailed computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model of polymerization in a generic gas phase reactor has also been conducted. The results confirm that the particle temperature rise above the reactor gas temperature is consistent with the one-dimensional model. However, local gas temperature variations are present in the reactor due to the unsteady gas-solid hydrodynamics. Hence, there are some zones that are a few degrees hotter/colder than the bulk reactor temperature with corresponding increase/decrease in particle temperature in these zones.
How do robots take two parts apart (1989)

This research is a natural progression of efforts which begun with the introduction of a new research paradigm in machine perception, called Active Perception. There it was stated that Active Perception is a problem of intelligent control strategies applied to data acquisition processes which will depend on the current state of the data interpretation, including recognition. The disassembly/assembly problem is treated as an Active Perception problem, and a method for autonomous disassembly based on this framework is presented.
Total Synthesis of ±-N-Acetylneuraminic Acid (1989)

A total synthesis of the title compound has been achieved. One of the key strategic elements involved the use of a furan ring as a surrogate for a carboxylic acid. This logic has been applied, on a model basis, to the synthesis of sialo and KDO conjugates.
Performance of VoIP traffic on WCDMA HSUPA (2006)

This document develops an analysis of the performance of a VoIP application over W-CDMA HSUPA. It starts by describing fundamental issues about VoIP. Then, it investigates several limiting factors of HSUPA voice capacity, i.e. HSUPA control channel overhead. Finally, this work introduces techniques not only to circumvent the current limitations of HSUPA but also to enhance its capabilities to support real-time services. In particular, a gated mode, named VoIP mode is examined.