gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multivariable control design for the water gas shift reactor in a fuel processor (2004)

The water gas shift (WGS) reactor is an essential component of the fuel processor in fuel cell power plants. The WGS reactor combines CO and H/sub 2/O in the reformate stream to produce H/sub 2/ and CO/sub 2/ in a mildly exothermic, equilibrium limited reaction. Proper regulation of the steam-to-carbon ratio and the operating temperature is critical to achieving adequate CO conversion during transients. We consider the control problem for the high temperature shift reactor of a catalytic partial oxidation (CPO) based natural gas fuel processor in a PEM fuel cell power plant. The manipulated variable is the water injection rate and the measurements available are the inlet and exit temperatures of the reactor and the reformate flow from the CPO reactor. The objective is to maintain proper water content in the inlet and CO conversion in the reactor. A linear state space model is obtained by linearizing a nonlinear dynamic model of the system around an operating point of interest. A multivariable controller is designed using the LQR method. We compare various control architectures by selectively dropping the terms in the multivariable controller. It is shown that the reactor exit temperature measurement improves the observability of the system but has negligible influence on the control performance. Such multivariable control analysis provides a systematic framework for the evaluation of alternative control architectures and the impact of sensors.
Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of (S)‐ and (R)‐5‐(1‐Aminoethyl)‐2‐(cyclohexylmethoxy)benzamide: Key Intermediate for Src‐SH2 Inhibitor. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Evaluation of Eluent Recycling and Column Life for HPLC Analysis of Carbohydrates (1983)

Abstract The length of service of amine modified silica columns for the automated analysis of carbohydrates in food and beverages typically exceeds 500 sample injections. Excessive accumulation of carbohydrate in the recirculated eluent results in a gradual decrease in peak height. Detector response is independent of injection volume over the range of 1–50 μl. These results suggest critical parameters for use in automated carbohydrate analysis systems.
Free-form broadband flat lenses for visible imaging (2020)

The resolution of a conventional lens is governed by its numerical aperture (NA) while its light-concentration ability is governed by its f-number (f/#), both of which are dependent on the diameter and focal length of the lens. Hence, these properties for a conventional lens are inherently coupled. Here, we show that by utilizing the principle of free-form broadband diffractive optical elements (BDOEs), we can create ultra-flat optical elements that are able to concentrate incoming light over a fixed aperture to different sized focal spots engineered in the shape of a square. Hence, we are able to decouple the NA and f/# of a lens by being able to independently control the size of the input aperture and the resolution of these devices. Specifically, we designed, fabricated, and characterized three BDOE lenses operating in the visible band (450nm–750nm), each having f/# of 11.25, but with NAs of 0.00075, 0.0067, and 0.054, respectively. We further use simulations to emphasize that such decoupling is possible even at much higher NAs. Experiments confirm achromatic focusing and broadband imaging. One of the lenses exhibited a depth-of-focus almost 2 orders of magnitude larger than the diffraction limit. Such BDOE lenses can eliminate the need for anti-aliasing filters and could also be very useful in focal-plane arrays with large pixel sizes, where light collection efficiency needs to be maintained. Furthermore, by abandoning rotational symmetry, one can achieve free-form geometries in the focal spot, such as a square that can more closely match the geometry of the sensor pixel.
Mechanism of Substitution Reactions of Complex Ions. XVI.1 Exchange Reactions of Platinum(II) Complexes in Various Solvents2 (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Substitution Reactions of Complex Ions. XVI.1 Exchange Reactions of Platinum(II) Complexes in Various Solvents2Ralph G. Pearson, Harry B. Gray, and Fred BasoloCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 4, 787–792Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01489a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01489a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views361Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Lumbar Decompression Using a Traditional Midline Appro ach Versus a Tubular Retractor System (2010)

In Brief Although decompressive surgery for unilateral radiculopathy remains one of the most predictably successful spinal operations, the benefi ts of using a tubular retractor approach versus a traditional midline approach continue to be debated. There is a paucity of objective data in the literature comparing patient outcomes following these two approaches. In the current study, we compare two cohorts of patients undergoing lumbar decompression using a traditional midline approach or a tubular retractor system using the Short Form-12, Oswestry Disability Index and a modifi ed visual analogue scale (VAS) for both back and leg pain. Our study suggests that both approaches achieve equivalently successful clinical results.
In the Footsteps of Adrien Albert: Chemotherapeutic Drug Development 'Down Under' (2007)

Adrien Albert is one of the greatest medicinal chemists of the mid-20th century whose role in the development of acridine-based antimalarial and anti-bacterial drugs during World War II is a marked event in the history of drug development. A brief survey of the work in the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre (ACSRC) on acridines and related compounds as DNA-binding cancer drugs illustrates the common conclusions drawn from Adrien Albert's achievements.
In-Situ Incorporation of Poly(methyl methacrylate) in Suspension Styrene Polymerizations (2014)

Blends of poly(styrene)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) are produced in situ during suspension polymerizations of styrene performed in the presence of PMMA. The effects caused by the in situ incorporation of PMMA on the kinetic behavior of the reaction and on the molar mass distributions (MMD) and particle size distributions (PSD) of the obtained PS/PMMA polymer particles are evaluated. It is shown that the PMMA content can lead to significant changes of the initial viscosity of the reaction medium, also leading to significant changes of styrene conversions during the reaction course. Besides, addition of PMMA can cause an increase of the average molar masses and average particles sizes of the obtained polymer beads, also leading to broadening of the MMD and PSD of the final resin.
AUTOGSCAN: Powerful Tools for Automated Genome-Wide Linkage and Linkage Disequilibrium Analysis (2005)

Abstract Genome-wide linkage analysis using multiple traits and statistical software packages is a tedious process which requires a significant amount of manual file manipulation. Different linkage analysis programs require different input file formats, making the task of analyzing data with multiple methods even more time-consuming. We have developed a software tool, AUTOGSCAN, that automates file formatting, the running of statistical analyses, and the summarizing of resulting statistics for whole genome scans with a push of a button, using several independent, and often idiosyncratic, statistical software packages such as MERLIN, SOLAR and GENEHUNTER. We also describe a program, ANALYZE, designed to run qualitative linkage analysis with several different statistical strategies and programs to efficiently screen for linkage and linkage disequilibrium for a given discrete trait. The ANALYZE program can also be used by AUTOGSCAN in a genome-wide sense.
NASA's Lunar Polar Ice Prospector, RESOLVE: Mission Rehearsal in Apollo Valley (2012)

After the completion of the Apollo Program, space agencies didn't visit the moon for many years. But then in the 90's, the Clementine and Lunar Prospector missions returned and showed evidence of water ice at the poles. Then in 2009 the Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite indisputably showed that the Cabeus crater contained water ice and other useful volatiles. Furthermore, instruments aboard the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) show evidence that the water ice may also be present in areas that receive several days of continuous sunlight each month. However, before we can factor this resource into our mission designs, we must understand the distribution and quantity of ice or other volatiles at the poles and whether it can be reasonably harvested for use as propellant or mission consumables. NASA, in partnership with the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), has been developing a payload to answer these questions. The payload is named RESOLVE. RESOLVE is on a development path that will deliver a tested flight design by the end of 2014. The team has developed a Design Reference Mission using LRO data that has RESOLVE landing near Cabeus Crater in May of2016. One of the toughest obstacles for RESOLVE's solar powered mission is its tight timeline. RESOLVE must be able to complete its objectives in the 5-7 days of available sunlight. The RESOLVE team must be able to work around obstacles to the mission timeline in real time. They can't afford to take a day off to replan as other planetary missions have done. To insure that this mission can be executed as planned, a prototype version of RESOLVE was developed this year and tested at a lunar analog site on Hawaii, known as Apollo Valley, which was once used to train the Apollo astronauts. The RESOLVE team planned the mission with the same type of orbital imagery that would be available from LRO. The simulation team prepositioned a Lander in Apollo Valley with RESOLVE on top mounted on its CSA rover. Then the mission simulation began as the operations team's consoles came alive with data and images. They executed the mission just like the real mission with lunar communications delays and limited bandwidth and a realistic remote mission control room. This paper will describe the RESOLVE payload in detail and describe the results of the mission simulation in Hawaii.
Semiconducting Polymers Prepared by Direct Arylation Polycondensation (2012)

Two flavors of π: Semiconducting π-conjugated polymers may open new opportunities for the fabrication of ecofriendly, inexpensive optoelectronic devices. These materials can be prepared by direct arylation polycondensation, a straightforward approach that generates little waste and no toxic by-products.
Development of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System for 2016 Chevrolet Malibu (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;GM has developed an all-new gasoline-electric hybrid powertrain for the model year 2016 Chevrolet Malibu Hybrid vehicle, which was designed to achieve excellent fuel economy, performance, and drive quality. The powertrain shares the transmission architecture with the 2016 Chevrolet Volt extended range electric vehicle, but includes changes to optimize the system for engine driven charge sustaining operation in the range of conditions represented by the US EPA 5 cycle fuel economy tests. In this paper, we describe the Malibu Hybrid propulsion system features and components, including the battery pack, transaxle, electric motors and power electronics, engine, and thermal system. The modifications between the Volt and Malibu Hybrid propulsion systems are discussed and explained as resulting from the differences between the primarily electric and gasoline powered applications. Additionally, operation of the propulsion system under nominal and cold fuel economy driving conditions is explained, and we present and discuss the efficiency and performance benefits and results of the new propulsion system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Understanding Solid/Solid Organic Reactions (2001)

The concept of an organic reaction between two macroscopic solid particles is investigated. Thus, we study several reactions that have been recently reported to proceed "in the solid phase" and clearly show that, in most cases, grinding the two solid reactants together results in the formation of a liquid phase. This is true both for catalytic transformations (e.g., aldol condensations and oligomerization of benzylic compounds) and for noncatalytic reactions (Baeyer-Villiger oxidations, oxidative coupling of naphthols using iron chloride, condensation of amines and aldehydes to form azomethines, homo-etherification of benzylic alcohols using p-toluenesulfonic acid, and nuclear aromatic bromination with NBS). This liquefaction implies the existence of a eutectic mixture with T(fusion) below ambient temperature (although both reagents have higher than ambient melting points). In cases where heating is required, it is again clear that a phase change (from solid to liquid) occurs, explaining the observed reaction kinetics. On the basis of 19 experimental examples, we discuss the possibility of solid-phase organic reactions and the implications of these findings to the reaction between two solid reagents. A general description of such reactive systems is proposed, based on a consideration of the potential for eutectic (or peritectic) formation between the constituents of the liquid phases that arise during the process of mechanical mixing of the solid reagents and products.
Asymmetric Aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman‐Type Reactions: The Highly Enantioselective Reaction between Unmodified α,β‐ Unsaturated Aldehydes and N‐Acylimines by Organo‐co‐catalysis (2011)

Abstract The highly enantioselective organo‐co‐catalytic aza‐Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH)‐type reaction between N ‐carbamate‐protected imines and α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. The organic co‐catalytic system of proline and 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) enables the asymmetric synthesis of the corresponding N ‐Boc‐ and N ‐Cbz‐protected β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐aldehydes in good to high yields and up to 99% ee . In the case of aza‐MBH‐type addition of enals to phenylprop‐2‐ene‐1‐imines, the co‐catalytic reaction exhibits excellent 1,2‐selectivity. The organo‐co‐catalytic aza‐MBH‐type reaction can also be performed by the direct highly enantioselective addition of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes to bench‐stable N ‐carbamate‐protected α‐amidosulfones to give the corresponding β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐aldehydes with up to 99% ee . The organo‐co‐catalytic aza‐MBH‐type reaction is also an expeditious entry to nearly enantiomerically pure β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐amino acids and β‐amino‐α‐alkylidene‐lactams (99% ee ). The mechanism and stereochemistry of the chiral amine and DABCO co‐catalyzed aza‐MBH‐type reaction are also discussed.
Colloidal Polymerization of Polymer-Coated Ferromagnetic Cobalt Nanoparticles into Pt-Co3O4Nanowires (2011)

In this report, functional one-dimensional (1-D) Pt-Co3O4 heterostruc-tures with enhanced electrochemical properties were synthesized via colloidal polymerization of polymer-coated ferromagnetic cobalt nanoparticles (PS-CoNPs). Colloidal polymerization of dipolar nanoparticles into hollow metal−semiconductor nanowires was achieved via a consecutive galvanic replacement reaction between Co0 and Pt2+ precursors, followed by a nanoscale Kirkendall oxidation reaction and a calcination treatment. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-angle annular dark field scanning TEM (HAADF-STEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) revealed the structural and morphological evolution of the hollow cobalt oxide nanowires (D = 40 nm) with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs; D ∼ 2 nm) entrapped within the growing oxide shell. Various calcination conditions were investigated via X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to obtain the optimal surface composition of the metallic Pt and semiconducting Co3O4 phases. Cyclic voltammetry of the 1-D Pt-Co3O4 heterostructures demonstrated a sevenfold enhancement in specific capacitance in comparison to the pristine Co3O4 nanowires. Preliminary results also showed that the calcined 1-D Pt-Co3O4 heterostructures catalytically hydrogenate methyl orange, and the rates of the hydrogenation were dependent on surface composition.
Ionogels, New Materials Arising from the Confinement of Ionic Liquids within Silica-Derived Networks (2006)

A simple nonaqueous sol−gel processing led to ionogels, resulting in the confinement of an ionic liquid within a silica-like network. In the case of a non-water-soluble ionic liquid, ionogels were made stable toward water immersion by the presence of hydrophobic methyl groups in the solid network. A set of ionogels with different ionic liquid content was studied by DSC and 1H NMR spectroscopy. The nanometric level of the confinement of the ionic liquid turned out to significantly modify the phase transitions, while still allowing some molecular mobility. Moreover, ionogels were found to keep the high conducting performances of the ionic liquid.
Effect of Alkyl‐Chain Length on Charge Transport Properties of Organic Semiconductors and Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2018)

Abstract The molecular structure and electrical properties of two n‐type organic small molecules which have the same core but different alkyl chains are compared. The effect of the length of alkyl chains on charge transport along the alkyl‐chain stacking direction (out‐of‐plane) is investigated by a combination of techniques. The results show that a longer alkyl chain corresponds to lower out‐of‐plane mobility ( µ out‐of‐plane ). More importantly, it is found that this effect not only plays a significant role in affecting the performance of diode‐structure devices such as organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) or organic photovoltaics (OPVs), but also has profound influence on the performance of organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs), especially for OFETs which are in staggered configuration.
Analysis of mechanical splicing faults in FTTH trial (2008)

We are the first to investigate mechanical splicing faults in FTTH trials. Analyzed field trial data indicates that optical characteristics become unstable when using fault mechanical splicing.
Headed Anchor/Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) Pullout Behavior (2011)

In this paper, the inelastic damage process in Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) in the high stress concentration zone adjacent to the head of an embedded anchor under tensile load was examined experimentally and numerically. An FEM model together with a tensile strain-hardening material model of ECC was developed to simulate the damage process leading to final failure. Experimental observations on the effect of tensile ductility on the microcracking damage process and anchor pullout performance were used to verify the numerical model. Furthermore, the influence of several material parameters, including tensile ductility, tensile strength, compressive strength and modulus of elasticity, on the anchor pullout behavior was clarified numerically. It was demonstrated that the intrinsic tensile ductility in ECC led to significant enhancement of load and displacement capacities. Once the failure mode was switched from brittle to ductile, however, the tensile strength governed the pullout load capacity. Finally, a design equation for predicting anchor pullout load capacity was proposed based on the numerical analysis and verified by experimental data.
Figure S3 from High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) Triggers Immune Sensitization of Refractory Murine Neuroblastoma to Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S3. Circulating cellular profile in contralateral lymph nodes after treating mice with HIFU only.&lt;/p&gt;
Polarimetric Characterization of MIMO Sub-6-GHz Self-Interference Indoor Radio Channels (2019)

This paper studies the behavior of self-interference radio channels associated with a 4 ×4 multiple-input-multiple-output antenna (MIMO) system. Self-interference channel measurements were performed in two indoor environments: Auditorium and reception hall. The captured measurement data are used to characterize ten concurrent self-interference channels - both co-polarized and cross-polarized channels. By means of vector network analyzer, one gigahertz of bandwidth, which occupies 2-to-3-GHz frequency band, is swept to sound these self-interference channels. The channel sounder was equipped with two dually polarized magnetoelectric dipole antennas that were utilized to observe the self-interference channels. Each of the dipole antennas possesses: Two radio-frequency ports, a hemispherical radiation pattern, and an excellent cross-polarization discrimination property. The collected frequency responses of the measured self-interference channels are then digitally processed offline to produce time-domain channel impulse responses. These time-domain responses are presented in form of averaged power-delay profiles. Moreover, we have analyzed statistically the properties of these ten self-interference channels. Time dispersion parameters and their associated values are reported. Furthermore, we presented self-interference channel related parameters such as backscatter maximum peaks and their associated instances of occurrence, and maximum excess delay of the channels.
A Japanese corpus of referring expressions used in a situated collaboration task (2009)

In order to pursue research on generating referring expressions in a situated collaboration task, we set up a data-collection experiment based on the Tangram puzzle. For a pair of participants we recorded every utterance in synchronisation with the current state of the puzzle as well as all operations by the participants. Referring expressions were annotated with their referents in order to build a referring expression corpus in Japanese. We provide preliminary results on the analysis of the corpus from various standpoints, focussing on action-mentioning expressions.