gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of batch and continuous multi‐column protein A capture processes by optimal design (2016)

Multi-column capture processes show several advantages compared to batch capture. It is however not evident how many columns one should use exactly. To investigate this issue, twin-column CaptureSMB, 3- and 4-column periodic counter-current chromatography (PCC) and single column batch capture are numerically optimized and compared in terms of process performance for capturing a monoclonal antibody using protein A chromatography. Optimization is carried out with respect to productivity and capacity utilization (amount of product loaded per cycle compared to the maximum amount possible), while keeping yield and purity constant. For a wide range of process parameters, all three multi-column processes show similar maximum capacity utilization and performed significantly better than batch. When maximizing productivity, the CaptureSMB process shows optimal performance, except at high feed titers, where batch chromatography can reach higher productivity values than the multi-column processes due to the complete decoupling of the loading and elution steps, albeit at a large cost in terms of capacity utilization. In terms of trade-off, i.e. how much the capacity utilization decreases with increasing productivity, CaptureSMB is optimal for low and high feed titers, whereas the 3-column process is optimal in an intermediate region. Using these findings, the most suitable process can be chosen for different production scenarios.
Chemosensory Ca2+ Dynamics Correlate with Diverse Behavioral Phenotypes in Human Sperm (2011)

In the female reproductive tract, mammalian sperm undergo a regulated sequence of prefusion changes that "prime" sperm for fertilization. Among the least understood of these complex processes are the molecular mechanisms that underlie sperm guidance by environmental chemical cues. A "hard-wired" Ca(2+) signaling strategy that orchestrates specific motility patterns according to given functional requirements is an emerging concept for regulation of sperm swimming behavior. The molecular players involved, the spatiotemporal characteristics of such motility-associated Ca(2+) dynamics, and the relation between a distinct Ca(2+) signaling pattern and a behavioral sperm phenotype, however, remain largely unclear. Here, we report the functional characterization of two human sperm chemoreceptors. Using complementary molecular, physiological, and behavioral approaches, we comparatively describe sperm Ca(2+) responses to specific agonists of these novel receptors and bourgeonal, a known sperm chemoattractant. We further show that individual receptor activation induces specific Ca(2+) signaling patterns with unique spatiotemporal dynamics. These distinct Ca(2+) dynamics are correlated to a set of stimulus-specific stereotyped behavioral responses that could play vital roles during various stages of prefusion sperm-egg chemical communication.
Verification of individuals from accelerometer measures of cardiac chest movements (2013)

Biometric verification is gaining popularity particularly for personal security during internet and mobile device usage. A novel approach for verification of individuals is proposed to measure mechanical cardiovascular activity through an accelerometer sensor placed on the surface of the chest above the sternum. Time frequency analysis methods are employed to evaluate biometric performance. Accelerometer measurements were acquired on two different sessions from ten subjects after delays ranging from 1 to 2 weeks. For individual subject verification, Gaussian mixture models were built per each individual and a background model was created for the remaining impostors. A likelihood ratio test with background model was employed for testing. In this study we found preliminary evidence for the use of the cardiovascular signal measured with an accelerometer placed on the sternum as a biometric sensor to verify individuals. Verification testing using this approach obtained a mean EER rate of 0.06 for inter-session testing.
High-Mobility Group Box 1 Release and Redox Regulation Accompany Regeneration and Remodeling of Skeletal Muscle (2011)

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecules, favors tissue regeneration via recruitment and activation of leukocytes and stem cells. Here we demonstrate, in a model of acute sterile muscle injury, that regeneration is accompanied by active reactive oxygen species (ROS) production counterbalanced and overcome by the generation of antioxidant moieties. Mitochondria are initially responsible for ROS formation. However, they undergo rapid disruption with almost complete disappearance. Twenty-four hours after injury, we observed a strong induction of MURF1 and atrogin-1 ubiquitin ligases, key signals in activation of the proteasome system and induction of muscle atrophy. At later time points, ROS generation is maintained by nonmitochondrial sources. The antioxidant response occurs in both regenerating fibers and leukocytes that express high levels of free thiols and antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) and thioredoxin. HMGB1, a protein thiol, weakly expressed in healthy muscles, increases during regeneration in parallel with the antioxidant response in both fibers and leukocytes. A reduced environment may be important to maintain HMGB1 bioactivity. Indeed, oxidation abrogates both muscle stem cell migration in response to HMGB1 and their ability to differentiate into myofibers in vitro. We propose that the early antioxidant response in regenerating muscle limits HMGB1 oxidation, thus allowing successful muscle regeneration.
Low dimensional manifold embedding for scattering coefficients of intrapartum fetale heart rate variability (2014)

Intrapartum fetal surveillance for early detection of fetal acidosis in clinical practice focuses on reducing neonatal morbidity via early detection. It is the subject of on going research studies attempting notably to improve detection performance by reducing false positive rate. In that context, the present contribution tailors to fetal heart rate variability analysis a graph-based dimensionality reduction procedure performed on scattering coefficients. Applied to a high quality and well-documented database constituted by obstetricians from a French academic hospital, the low dimensional embedding enables to distinguish between the temporal dynamics of healthy and acidotic fetuses, as well as to achieve satisfactory detection performance detection compared to those obtained by the clinical-benchmark FIGO criteria.
Distribution of Complement C'2 and C'6 Types in Australian Cases of Diabetes Mellitus (1980)

A series of patients with juvenile onset diabetes (IDDM) and mature onset diabetes (NIDDM) have been typed for genetic variants of two sets of complement factors. For the HLA-linked C'2 system, there was found a significant increase of the C'2 2-1 type in IDDM compared with NIDDM patients or healthy controls. No such increase in any phenotype was observed for the non-HLA-linked C'6 system. These observations emphasize again the genetic distinction between IDDM and NIDDM, and the role of chromosome 6 in controlling susceptibility to the insulin-dependent form of the disease.
Unambiguous localization of titanium and iron cations in doped manganese hollandite nanowires (2020)

New insights into the chemical and structural features of iron or titanium-doped KxMnO2 hollandites are reported. Neutron diffraction and atomically resolved transmission electron microscopy elucidate the localization of the dopant cations that could be one of the key factors governing the functional activity of these nanomaterials.
Enabling Reliable, Asynchronous, and Bidirectional Communication in Sensor Networks over White Spaces (2017)

Low-Power Wide-Area Network (LPWAN) heralds a promising class of technology to overcome the range limits and scalability challenges in traditional wireless sensor networks. Recently proposed Sensor Network over White Spaces (SNOW) technology is particularly attractive due to the availability and advantages of TV spectrum in long-range communication. This paper proposes a new design of SNOW that is asynchronous, reliable, and robust. It represents the first highly scalable LPWAN over TV white spaces to support reliable, asynchronous, bi-directional, and concurrent communication between numerous sensors and a base station. This is achieved through a set of novel techniques. This new design of SNOW has an OFDM based physical layer that adopts robust modulation scheme and allows the base station using a single antenna-radio (1) to send different data to different nodes concurrently and (2) to receive concurrent transmissions made by the sensor nodes asynchronously. It has a lightweight MAC protocol that (1) efficiently implements per-transmission acknowledgments of the asynchronous transmissions by exploiting the adopted OFDM design; (2) combines CSMA/CA and location-aware spectrum allocation for mitigating hidden terminal effects, thus enhancing the flexibility of the nodes in transmitting asynchronously. Hardware experiments through deployments in three radio environments - in a large metropolitan city, in a rural area, and in an indoor environment - as well as large-scale simulations demonstrated that the new SNOW design drastically outperforms other LPWAN technologies in terms of scalability, energy, and latency.
Autoradiographic studies of pyridine nucleotide metabolism in human culture cells (1974)

Abstract More than 80% of the intracellular pyridine metabolite pool of human culture cells is trapped by OsO 4 fixation. The fixed pyridine metabolites fully exchange with nicotinamide and nicotinic acid but not with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. Yet, chromatography of the exchanged compounds reveals that NAD and NADP constitute more than 95%. of the fixed material. Although the mechanism of OsO 4 fixation is not fully understood, such fixation has permitted the autoradiographic detection of intracellular pyridine metabolites. Cells of the human cell line, D98/AH2, synthesize pyridine nucleotides during all phases of the cell cycle at rates which do not vary by more than six‐fold. There is no difference in the apparent concentration of pyridine metabolites between nucleus and cytoplasm after ten minute or three day pulses with 3 H‐nicotinic acid. The 3 H‐labeled pyridine ring is lost from D98/AH2 cells upon transfer to unlabeled medium. In general, the rate of loss is uniform among cells in the population. However, in a small proportion of cells there is little or no loss. Non‐dividing cells lose the pyridine ring at approximately the same rate as dividing cells, yet the intracellular concentration of pyridine metabolites is 50% greater in non‐dividing cells.
Scavenging Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllidae) Transmit Solenopsis Invicta Virus 3 to Red Imported Fire Ant (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Colonies (2016)

This study demonstrated that Solenopsis invicta virus 3 (SINV-3) can be mechanically transmitted among colonies of fire ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) by scavengers like the house cricket (Orthoptera: Gryllidae), which readily eat dead infected fire ant workers without becoming infected themselves.
Processing speed test and 30-day readmission in elderly non-cardiac surgery patients- A retrospective study (2023)

Elderly non-cardiac surgery patients with better PST scores were less likely to be readmitted, need long-term care after discharge or die within 30 days. Preoperative assessment of cognitive function using a simple self-administered test is feasible and may guide perioperative care.
A hedonic orexigenic subnetwork within the human hippocampus (2022)

Abstract Only recently has the rodent hippocampus been implicated in orexigenic appetitive processing 1,2 . This function has been found to be mediated at least in part by lateral hypothalamic inputs involving an orexigenic neuropeptide, melanin-concentrating hormone 3 . This circuit remains elusive in humans. Here, we combine tractography, intracranial electrophysiology, cortico-subcortical evoked potentials, and brain-clearing 3D histology to identify an orexigenic circuit involving the lateral hypothalamus converging in a hippocampal subregion. We found that low-frequency power is modulated by sweet-fat food cues and this modulation was specific to the dorsolateral hippocampus. Lastly, structural and functional analyses of this circuit in a human cohort exhibiting dysregulated eating behavior revealed connectivity that was inversely related to body mass index. Collectively, this multimodal approach describes an orexigenic subnetwork within the human hippocampus implicated in obesity and related eating disorders.
Large phonon drag thermopower boosted by massive electrons and phonon leaking in LaAlO3/LaNiO3/LaAlO3 heterostructure (2021)

An unusually large thermopower (<i>S</i>) enhancement is induced by heterostructuring thin films of the strongly correlated electron oxide LaNiO<sub>3</sub>. The phonon-drag effect, which is not observed in bulk LaNiO<sub>3</sub>, enhances <i>S</i> for thin films compressively strained by LaAlO<sub>3</sub> substrates. By a reduction in the layer thickness down to three unit cells and subsequent LaAlO<sub>3</sub> surface termination, a 10 times <i>S</i> enhancement over the bulk value is observed due to large phonon drag <i>S</i> (<i>S</i><sub>g</sub>), and the <i>S</i><sub>g</sub> contribution to the total <i>S</i> occurs over a much wider temperature range up to 220 K. The <i>S</i><sub>g</sub> enhancement originates from the coupling of lattice vibration to the d electrons with large effective mass in the compressively strained ultrathin LaNiO<sub>3</sub>, and the electron-phonon interaction is largely enhanced by the phonon leakage from the LaAlO<sub>3</sub> substrate and the capping layer. The transition-metal oxide heterostructures emerge as a new playground to manipulate electronic and phononic properties in the quest for high-performance thermoelectrics.
Novel techniques for data retention and Leff measurements in two bit microFLASH® memory cells (2001)

The paper describes original techniques developed to characterize Tower Semiconductor Ltd. microFLASH® memory that features two bits per cell. In the microFLASH® transistors electrons are stored in the ONO (oxide-nitride-oxide) stack at the edges of the channel. Charge migration in the ONO along the channel is responsible for data retention in this case. The idea of the proposed retention control technique is to block the source and drain regions of an ONO transistor channel by trapping the electrons and then to force current parallel to source and drain. A new test structure (H-transistor) was designed according to these principles. The technique allows monitoring the position of trapped electrons and registering their shifting in the channel after high temperature bakes. Effective channel length (Leff) is critical for the discussed memory. Leff is extracted from C-V measurements. Special test structures were designed and fabricated for these purposes. The structures simulate the real memory array geometry. The proposed technique allows eliminating the influence of fringing capacitances in Leff estimations. The measurements are accurate and repeatable and used in the in-line automatic characterization.
Gain Limit in Analog Links Using Electroabsorption Modulators (2006)

Analog optical links using electroabsorption modulators have a gain limit caused by the photocurrent in the modulator. The gain limit results in a minimum link noise figure as well. The gain limit is due to the voltage-dependent absorption causing a voltage-dependent component to the photocurrent; the gain limit applies to a modulator that has this relationship
Strongly-bounded sparse decompositions of minor free graphs (2006)

As networks grow large and complex, a key approach in managing information and constructing algorithms is to decompose the network into locality-preserving clusters. Then, information and/or management can be divided between the clusters, such that every node is responsible only for clusters for which it belongs. Such decompositions into locality sensitive clusters have become key tools in network and graph theory and span a large body of literature. A key property of a useful decomposition is that each cluster has a short diameter. This property comes in two variants: a weak short diameter in which the short path between nodes may leave the common cluster and a strong diameter, in which each cluster has a small diameter when considered as an induced sub-graph. In this work we present sparse covers and sparse partitions with a bounded strong diameter for the family of minor-free graphs. The tools we present are useful in a large variety of distributed applications such as compact routing and synchronizers.
Selective Receiver Charging using Acoustic Vibration Modes (2021)

Unlike other wireless power transfer methods that use electromagnetic waves, acoustic vibrational waves can be used to transfer power through metal structures without being shielded, which is useful for applications such as pipeline structural health monitoring, wireless sensor networks, and UAV recharging platforms. In this paper, we demonstrate, for the first time, the unique ability of acoustic power transfer to selectively charge receivers attached at different locations on a metal structure by exciting different Lamb wave vibration modes using a transmitter array. Efficiency ratios (efficiency of the targeted receiver divided by the efficiency of the untargeted receiver) as high as 55000 could be achieved, with 33% efficiency achieved at 28 kHz when transferred along a 30 inch steel tube. Finite element modeling was also used to visualize the standing wave vibration modes.
Role of Mitochondrial Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in Nitroglycerin-Induced Vasodilation of Coronary and Systemic Vessels (2004)

Our data suggest that mtALDH contributes to GTN biotransformation in vivo and thus at least partly underlies the antianginal mechanism of drug action. Our findings also highlight the differences in biometabolism of clinically relevant nitrosovasodilators.
Identification of the major lesion from the reaction of an acridine targeted aniline mustard with DNA as an adenine N1 adduct (1994)

DNA adducts of two acridine-linked aniline half-mustards have been isolated and identified. The compound where the half-mustard is attached to the DNA-targeting acridine moiety by a short linker chain alkylates both double- and single-stranded DNA exclusively at guanine N7, as do the majority of known aromatic and aliphatic nitrogen mustards. The longer-chain analogue, also containing a more reactive half-mustard, shows a strikingly different pattern, alkylating double-stranded DNA to yield primarily (> 90%) the adenine N1 adduct, together with < 10% of the adenine N3 adduct and only trace amounts of the guanine N7 adduct. In the presence of MgCl2 (which is known not to inhibit the interaction of drugs at minor groove sites), the adenine N3 adduct is the major product. The latter compound is the first known aniline mustard (and apparently the first known alkylating agent of any type) to preferentially alkylate adenine at the N1 position in duplex DNA. These results are consistent with previous work [Prakash et al. (1990) Biochemistry 29, 9799-9807], which showed that the preferred site of DNA alkylation by the corresponding long-chain acridine-linked aniline bis-mustards in general was at major groove sites of adenines and identifies the major site of alkylation as adenine N1 and not N7. This selectivity for adenine N1 alkylation is suggested to result from a preference for the acridine mustard side chain of these compounds to project into the major groove following intercalation of the acridine, coupled with structural distortion of the DNA helix to make the N1 positions of adenines adjacent to the intercalation sites more accessible.
Systematic approach to axial gradient lens design (1991)

For a given homogeneous optical syswn, potential axial gradient configurations are identified.. A sysrematic approach is propose.cl for localing the most useful axial gradient configuration that reduces the homogeneous syswn's Seidel aberrations. The design of a linear axial gradient Coote aiplet using the proposed method is discussed.
Decreased Efficiency of Trypsinization of Cells Following Photodynamic Therapy: Evaluation of a Role for Tissue Transglutaminase¶ (2001)

Identifying the cellular responses to photodynamic therapy (PDT) is important if the mechanisms of cellular damage are to be fully understood. The relationship between sensitizer, fluence rate and the removal of cells by trypsinization was studied using the RIF-1 cell line. Following treatment of RIF-1 cells with pyridinium zinc (II) phthalocyanine (PPC), or polyhaematoporphyrin at 10 mW cm-2 (3 J cm-2), there was a significant number of cells that were not removed by trypsin incubation compared to controls. Decreasing the fluence rate from 10 to 2.5 mW cm-2 resulted in a two-fold increase in the number of cells attached to the substratum when PPC used as sensitizer; however, with 5,10,15,20 meso-tetra(hydroxyphenyl) chlorine (m-THPC) there was no resistance to trypsinization following treatment at either fluence rate. The results indicate that resistance of cells to trypsinization following PDT is likely to be both sensitizer and fluence rate dependent. Increased activity of the enzyme tissue-transglutaminase (tTGase) was observed following PPC-PDT, but not following m-THPC-PDT. Similar results were obtained using HT29 human colonic carcinoma and ECV304 human umbilical vein endothelial cell lines. Hamster fibrosarcoma cell (Met B) clones transfected with human tTGase also exhibited resistance to trypsinization following PPC-mediated photosensitization; however, a similar degree of resistance was observed in PDT-treated control Met B cells suggesting that tTGase activity alone was not involved in this process.
A Novel Mutation in the Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Gene Identified in a Patient Presenting with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (2013)

Background: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal dominantly inherited, multisystemic tumor syndrome caused by mutations in the VHL gene. To date, more than 1,000 germline and somatic mutations of the VHL gene have been reported. We present a novel mutation in the VHL tumor suppressor gene that presented with gestational diabetes mellitus. Methods: A 30-year-old woman presented with gestational diabetes mellitus. She sequentially showed multiple pancreatic cysts, spinal cord hemangioblastoma, cerebellar hemangioblastoma, and clear cell type renal cell carcinomas. Also, her father and brother had brain hemangioblastomas. Each of the three exons of the VHL gene was individually amplified by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing was performed using an ABI 3730 DNA analyzer. Results: DNA sequence analysis to determine the presence of VHL mutation in her family revealed del291C, a novel frameshift mutation.