gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Line in the Sand: Recommendation or Ad-hoc Retrieval? (2018)

The popular approaches to recommendation and ad-hoc retrieval tasks are largely distinct in the literature. In this work, we argue that many recommendation problems can also be cast as ad-hoc retrieval tasks. To demonstrate this, we build a solution for the RecSys 2018 Spotify challenge by combining standard ad-hoc retrieval models and using popular retrieval tools sets. We draw a parallel between the playlist continuation task and the task of finding good expansion terms for queries in ad-hoc retrieval, and show that standard pseudo-relevance feedback can be effective as a collaborative filtering approach. We also use ad-hoc retrieval for content-based recommendation by treating the input playlist title as a query and associating all candidate tracks with meta-descriptions extracted from the background data. The recommendations from these two approaches are further supplemented by a nearest neighbor search based on track embeddings learned by a popular neural model. Our final ranked list of recommendations is produced by a learning to rank model. Our proposed solution using ad-hoc retrieval models achieved a competitive performance on the music recommendation task at RecSys 2018 challenge---finishing at rank 7 out of 112 participating teams and at rank 5 out of 31 teams for the main and the creative tracks, respectively.
Hydrogen-Bond-Mediated Photoinduced Electron-Transfer:  Novel Dimethylaniline−Anthracene Ensembles Formed via Watson−Crick Base-Pairing (2001)

The synthesis of a new, noncovalent anthracene-dimethylaniline dyad (ensemble I) held together via guanosine-cytidine Watson-Crick base-pairing interactions is reported. Upon excitation at 420 nm, photoinduced electron-transfer from the dimethylaniline donor to the singlet excited state of the anthracene acceptor occurs, as inferred from a combination of time-resolved fluorescence quenching and transient absorption measurements. In toluene at room temperature, the rate constants for photoinduced intraensemble electron-transfer and subsequent back-electron-transfer (charge recombination) are k(CS) = (3.5 +/- 0.03) x 10(10) s(-1) and k(CR) = (1.42 +/- 0.03) x 10(9) s(-1), respectively.
Weld line behaviour of exfoliated and toughened polypropylene layered silica nanocomposites (2011)

Abstract Exfoliated and toughened polypropylene nanocomposites prepared by an introduction of a rubber in the form of compatibilizer toughener: ethylene propylene diene based rubber grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM-g-MAH) were studied in terms of weld line properties and morphology. Effects of addition of rubber and nanolayer on weld line strength under tensile loading condition of polypropylene matrix were investigated. Data showed that in the absence of either EPDM or nanolayers, a sharp decrease in weld line strength cannot be avoided whereas in the presence of each in optimum ratio, the drastic increase in both toughness and weld line strength values can be easily reached. The beneficial effect is believed to come from the selective placing of nanolayers around the rubber droplets and making them smaller in size which contributes to diffused weld line regions with high mechanical strength.
Excess-noise and receiver sensitivity measurements of In 0.53 Ga 0.47 As/InP avalanche photodiodes (1981)

We report the results of excess-noise and normalised receiver sensitivity measurements for In0.53Ga0.47As/InP avalanche photodiodes for use in the λ=0.95 μm to 1.65 μm spectral region. The excess-noise measurements are consistent with a hole-to-electron ionisation rate ratio in InP of ∼ 0.4. The receiver sensitivity, measured at 45 Mbit/s and 10−9 bit-error-rate, was −53.2 dBm at a gain of 20 assuming unity quantum efficiency for the detector. This sensitivity is the highest reported at λ=1.3 μm and represents an improvement over a PIN detector using the same amplifier.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Identification of Human Pathogenic asPergilli (2006)

Human pathogenic aspergilli are identified in the clinical diagnostic laboratory predominantly by macro- and micro-morphology. Such phenotypic characteristics are largely subjective and unstable, as they are influenced by environmental factors, including media and temperature of incubation. Recent advances in molecular biology have impacted the field of mycology; multiple studies have noted new genetically distinct species that are not easily distinguished by phenotypic characteristics. Strengths of molecular typing methods include objectivity and the ability to identify nonsporulating or slowly growing fungi. As such, molecular methods provide powerful tools for the study of the epidemiology, evolution and population biology of fungal pathogens. This review focuses on current and future methods of identifying aspergilli, and implications regarding Aspergillus species/strain identification.
SYNERGY BETWEEN SUBTHERAPEUTIC DOSES OF CYCLOSPORINE AND IMMUNOBIOLOGICAL MANIPULATIONS IN RAT HEART GRAFT RECIPIENTS1 (1988)

Cyclosporine in combination with other chemical or biological immunosuppressive modalities has been useful in clinical and experimental organ transplantation. In these studies, the efficacy of adjunctive subtherapeutic doses of CsA given to immunologically enhanced heart graft recipients or to animals treated with an anti-IL-2 receptor monoclonal antibody (ART18) are described. Individually, the treatment entities are only partially effective. In rats undergoing active and passive enhancement alone, heart allograft survival was increased to 25 +/- 12 days in two-thirds, indefinitely in one-third. After ART18 treatment, grafts survive 21 +/- 1 days. Grafts are accepted permanently in animals receiving full-dose CsA (15 mg/kg X 7), but are rejected acutely (c. 7 days) when subtherapeutic doses (1.5 mg/kg X 7) are used. However, when subtherapeutic doses of CsA are given in combination with immunological enhancement or with interleukin-2-receptor-targeted therapy, graft survival increases dramatically, with permanent or markedly prolonged engraftment occurring in all instances. In the early phases of host unresponsiveness, both enhancement and IL-2R-targeted therapy, graft survival increases dramatically, with permanent or markedly prolonged engraftment occurring in all instances. In the early phases of host unresponsiveness, both enhancement and IL-2R-targeted therapy spare selectively T cells with suppressor activity in vivo; in enhanced animals, the W3/25+ subset is responsible for prolonged graft survival, the OX8+ fraction is responsible in ART18-treated animals and in CsA-treated animals. Both subpopulations show suppressor activity in the later stages of combination treatment. IL-3 production is increased significantly in these states of unresponsiveness, an observation also noted during maintenance CsA treatment; this seems to correlate with suppressor activity. Immunoperoxidase studies of the graft infiltrates emphasize the synergistic effects of combination treatments. Thus, subtherapeutic doses of CsA plus biologic host manipulations produce greatly increased graft survival by affecting selectively different host immune mechanisms.
Nocardia asiatica sp. nov., isolated from patients with nocardiosis in Japan and clinical specimens from Thailand (2004)

Five strains isolated from two patients with nocardiosis in Japan and three clinical samples from Thailand were found to have morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties consistent with their classification in the genus Nocardia. DNA-DNA hybridization, coupled with sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, indicated that these strains belong to a novel species of the genus Nocardia, named Nocardia asiatica sp. nov. because the isolation sites were in Asian countries; the type strain is IFM 0245T (=NBRC 100129T=JCM 11892T=DSM 44668T).
Synthesis of Functional Aromatic Multisulfonyl Chlorides and Their Masked Precursors. (2001)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Shifts 2.0: Extending The Dataset of Real Distributional Shifts (2022)

Distributional shift, or the mismatch between training and deployment data, is a significant obstacle to the usage of machine learning in high-stakes industrial applications, such as autonomous driving and medicine. This creates a need to be able to assess how robustly ML models generalize as well as the quality of their uncertainty estimates. Standard ML baseline datasets do not allow these properties to be assessed, as the training, validation and test data are often identically distributed. Recently, a range of dedicated benchmarks have appeared, featuring both distributionally matched and shifted data. Among these benchmarks, the Shifts dataset stands out in terms of the diversity of tasks as well as the data modalities it features. While most of the benchmarks are heavily dominated by 2D image classification tasks, Shifts contains tabular weather forecasting, machine translation, and vehicle motion prediction tasks. This enables the robustness properties of models to be assessed on a diverse set of industrial-scale tasks and either universal or directly applicable task-specific conclusions to be reached. In this paper, we extend the Shifts Dataset with two datasets sourced from industrial, high-risk applications of high societal importance. Specifically, we consider the tasks of segmentation of white matter Multiple Sclerosis lesions in 3D magnetic resonance brain images and the estimation of power consumption in marine cargo vessels. Both tasks feature ubiquitous distributional shifts and a strict safety requirement due to the high cost of errors. These new datasets will allow researchers to further explore robust generalization and uncertainty estimation in new situations. In this work, we provide a description of the dataset and baseline results for both tasks.
Synthetic peptides containing ITIM-like sequences of IREM-1 inhibit BAFF-mediated regulation of interleukin-8 expression and phagocytosis through SHP-1 and/or PI3K (2011)

B-cell activation factor of the tumour necrosis factor family (BAFF), an important regulator of B-cell survival, has recently been found to be expressed on the surface of murine and human macrophages and engagement with its receptor was shown to trigger induction of pro-inflammatory mediators and block phagocytic activity. In an effort to generate immunomodulatory agents that can regulate BAFF-mediated signal, decapeptides representing the intracellular immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs (ITIMs) of immune receptor expressed on myeloid cells (IREM)-1, an inhibitory transmembrane protein expressed on myeloid cells, were synthesized in conjugation with HIV-transactivator of transcription (TAT)(48-57,) which facilitates the internalization of peptides into cells. Interestingly, all five of these synthetic peptides, representing the five ITIM-like sequences present in the cytoplasmic tail of IREM-1, exhibited inhibitory action against BAFF-mediated induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 and interleukin-8 expression. Inhibitor assay and immunoprecipitation assay followed by Western blotting demonstrated that the inhibitory action was mediated by Src homology 2 (SH2)-containing tyrosine phosphatase (SHP)-1 and/or phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). ELISA-based nuclear factor-κB DNA binding assay observed that the synthetic peptides blocked the activation of nuclear factor-κB in an SHP-1 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent manner. Three of these synthetic peptides exhibited varying degrees of inhibitory action against BAFF-mediated blockage of phagocytosis in a SHP-1 and PI3K-dependent manner. These data indicate that the synthetic peptides are capable of blocking BAFF-mediated regulation of macrophage activities through the activation of SHP-1 and PI3K as well as inhibition of nuclear factor-κB activation.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Heat‐Resistant Mg‐Al‐Ca Alloys Formed by Thixomolding (2000)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials and Methods Results Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments
Exo1 recruits Cdc5 polo kinase to MutLγ to ensure efficient meiotic crossover formation (2020)

Crossovers generated during the repair of programmed meiotic double-strand breaks must be tightly regulated to promote accurate homolog segregation without deleterious outcomes, such as aneuploidy. The Mlh1-Mlh3 (MutLγ) endonuclease complex is critical for crossover resolution, which involves mechanistically unclear interplay between MutLγ and Exo1 and polo kinase Cdc5. Using budding yeast to gain temporal and genetic traction on crossover regulation, we find that MutLγ constitutively interacts with Exo1. Upon commitment to crossover repair, MutLγ-Exo1 associate with recombination intermediates, followed by direct Cdc5 recruitment that triggers MutLγ crossover activity. We propose that Exo1 serves as a central coordinator in this molecular interplay, providing a defined order of interaction that prevents deleterious, premature activation of crossovers. MutLγ associates at a lower frequency near centromeres, indicating that spatial regulation across chromosomal regions reduces risky crossover events. Our data elucidate the temporal and spatial control surrounding a constitutive, potentially harmful, nuclease. We also reveal a critical, noncatalytic role for Exo1, through noncanonical interaction with polo kinase. These mechanisms regulating meiotic crossovers may be conserved across species.
ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI FOR FLAVOR, AND COMPOSITIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS LINKED TO TOMATO QUALITY IN ADVANCED BACKCROSSES OF WILD TOMATO SPECIES TO THE CULTIVATED TOMATO (2001)

ISHS VII International Symposium on the Processing Tomato ANALYSIS OF QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI FOR FLAVOR, AND COMPOSITIONAL AND TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS LINKED TO TOMATO QUALITY IN ADVANCED BACKCROSSES OF WILD TOMATO SPECIES TO THE CULTIVATED TOMATO
Oseltamivir-Resistant Influenza A Viruses Circulating in Japan (2009)

Surveillance studies of the influenza viruses circulating in Europe and other countries in 2007 and 2008 have revealed rates of resistance to oseltamivir of up to 67% among H1N1 viruses. In the present study, we examined 202 clinical samples obtained from patients infected with H1N1 virus in Japan in 2007 and 2008 for oseltamivir resistance and found that three were oseltamivir resistant (1.5%). The 50% inhibitory concentrations (IC(50)s), as measured by a sialidase inhibition assay with these drug-resistant viruses, were >100-fold higher than those of the nonresistant viruses (median IC(50), 12.6 nmol/liter). The His274Tyr (strain N2 numbering) mutation of the neuraminidase protein, which is known to confer oseltamivir resistance, was detected in these three isolates. Phylogenetic analysis showed that one virus belonged to a lineage that is composed of drug-resistant viruses isolated in Europe and North America and that the other two viruses independently emerged in Japan. Continued surveillance studies are necessary to observe whether these viruses will persist.
A New Proof for the DoF Region of the MIMO Networks With No CSIT (2014)

In this paper, a new proof for the degrees of freedom (DoF) region of the K-user multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) broadcast channel (BC) with no channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT) and perfect channel state information at the receivers (CSIR) is provided. Based on this proof, the capacity region of a certain class of MIMO BC with channel distribution information at the transmitter (CDIT) and perfect CSIR is derived. Finally, an outer bound for the DoF region of the K-user MIMO interference channel (IC) with no CSIT is provided.
Change of ζ Potential of Biocompatible Colloidal Oxide Particles upon Adsorption of Bovine Serum Albumin and Lysozyme (2005)

The amounts of negatively charged bovine serum albumin and positively charged lysozyme adsorbed on alumina, silica, titania, and zirconia particles (diameters 73 to 271 nm) in aqueous suspensions are measured. The adsorbed proteins change the zeta potentials and the isoelectric points (IEP) of the oxide particles. The added to adsorbed protein ratios at pH 7.5 are compared with the protein treated particle zeta potentials. It is found that the amounts of adsorbed proteins on the alumina, silica, and titania (but not on the zirconia) particle surfaces are highly correlated with the zeta potential. For the slightly less hydrophilic zirconia particles high amounts of protein adsorption are observed even under repulsive electrostatic conditions. One reason could be that the hydrophobic effect plays a more important role for zirconia than electrostatic interaction.
The effects of nerve injury on ligament healing in a rat model. (1994)

The presence of an intact nerve supply is important in the regeneration of injured tissue in some animals. It has not been determined whether an intact nerve supply is important in ligamentous healing. The authors hypothesize that the nerve supply of a ligament might have a significant effect on its healing. The purpose of this paper was to determine whether injury to the nerve supply of the medial collateral ligament in a rat model results in poor ligament healing (which would suggest that intact nerve supply enhances ligament repair). Clinically, such a finding would demonstrate the importance of avoiding injury to nerve-ligament systems in reparative ligament surgery. Twenty three rats underwent complete bilateral dissection of the major nerves supplying the medial collateral ligament, and each ligament was transected at the level of the tibial tuberosity. The major nerve supplies of the experimental ligaments were destroyed by segmental excision, either distally at the medial articular nerves or proximally at the saphenous nerve, while the control ligament's nerve supplies were left intact. The rats were euthanized at 12 days, and each medial collateral ligament was tested biomechanically using a hydraulic materials testing machine. This time point was chosen because the rat ligament transection site heals rapidly, causing the ligament to avulse from its tibial insertion instead of rupturing at the transection site at later time points. This rat medial collateral ligament injury model has shown statistically significant differences in healing at this time point in numerous experiments evaluating the effects of other variables on ligament healing.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Supplementary Figure S4.1 from Muscadine Grape Skin Extract (MPX) in Men with Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer: A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S4.1 PSADT Change from Baseline in Months by MPX Treatment Group and Prior ADT Treatment&lt;/p&gt;
Liberation of methyl acrylate from metallalactone complexes via M–O ring opening (M = Ni, Pd) with methylation agents (2013)

Ring opening of various nickela- and palladalactones induced by the cleavage of the M–O bond by methyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (MeOTf) and methyl iodide (MeI) is examined. Experimental evidence supports the mechanism of ring opening by the alkylating agent followed by β-H elimination leading to methyl acrylate and a metal-hydride species. MeOTf shows by far higher efficiency in the lactone ring opening than any other methylating agent including the previously reported methyl iodide.
Oxidation Studies on Beta-Lactam Antibiotics Synthesis of Penam and Cephem Sulfoxides and Sulfones (1984)

l f o x i d e s are conveniently prepared by oxidation of the respective p e n i c i l l i n or cephalosporin i n nethylene c h l o r l d e using hydrogen peroxide and a c e t i c acid.Replacement of t h e a c e t i c acid by Formic acid praduces M e respective p e n i c i l l i n and cephalosporin sulfones i n high y i e l d s .Considerable a t t e n t i o n has been devoted, i n recent years, t o a study of t h e conversion of p e n i c i l l i n s , 1, and cephalosporins, 2, t o the corresponding sulfoxidea. 2 and 4, and s u l f a n e s , 5 and 6.
Direct Measurement of the Binding Force between Microfabricated Particles and a Planar Surface in Aqueous Solution by Force-Sensing Piezoresistive Cantilevers (2005)

We propose a force measurement method for evaluating the binding force between microscale flat surfaces in an aqueous solution. Using force-sensing piezoresistive cantilevers with sub-nanonewton force resolution, we have directly measured binding forces between SiO2-SiO2 microcontacts, which were created by gravity-driven random collision between microfabricated SiO2 cylindrical particles and a planar SiO2 substrate in a HCl solution. First, to examine our method we measured the pH dependence of the binding force. The binding forces were 12 and 5.8 nN at pH 1.0 and 2.0, respectively. As the pH increased, the binding force decreased and became zero at pH greater than 3.0. We confirmed that the bindings were based on the van der Waals' (VDW) force at pH 2.0 or less whereas a repulsive double-layer force acted between the surfaces at pH 3.0 or more. Second, the binding forces were categorized into a friction force or an adhesion force between the particles and the substrate. In the measurement, the friction force between the particle and the substrate was measured in the case when the particle slid on the substrate. On the contrary, the adhesion force was measured when the particle came off the substrate. Whether the particle slid or came off depended on the aspect ratio of the particle. We fabricated cylindrical particles with an aspect ratio of 0.03-2.0 and distinguished the friction force from the adhesion force by changing the aspect ratio of the particles. As a result, the friction force per unit contact area between SiO2-SiO2 flat surfaces was found to be 330 pN/microm2 +/- 20% when we used particles with a low aspect ratio (<0.1), and the adhesion force per unit contact area was 90 pN/microm2 +/- 20% for particles with a high aspect ratio (>0.4). For fluidic self-assembly that utilizes microscale surface contact in a liquid, our measurement method is an effective tool for studying and developing systems.
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 7: A New Therapeutic Target in Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2018)

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are characterized by a wide range of symptoms including delayed speech, intellectual disability, motor dysfunction, social deficits, breathing problems, structural abnormalities, and epilepsy. Unfortunately, current treatment strategies are limited and innovative new approaches are sorely needed to address these complex diseases. The metabotropic glutamate receptors are a class of G protein-coupled receptors that act to modulate neurotransmission across many brain structures. They have shown great promise as drug targets for numerous neurological and psychiatric diseases. Moreover, the development of subtype-selective allosteric modulators has allowed detailed studies of each receptor subtype. Here, we focus on the metabotropic glutamate receptor 7 (mGlu<sub>7</sub>) as a potential therapeutic target for NDDs. mGlu<sub>7</sub> is expressed widely throughout the brain in regions that correspond to the symptom domains listed above and has established roles in synaptic physiology and behavior. Single nucleotide polymorphisms and mutations in the <i>GRM7</i> gene have been associated with idiopathic autism and other NDDs in patients. In rodent models, existing literature suggests that decreased mGlu<sub>7</sub> expression and/or function may lead to symptoms that overlap with those of NDDs. Furthermore, potentiation of mGlu<sub>7</sub> activity has shown efficacy in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. In this review, we summarize current findings that provide rationale for the continued development of mGlu<sub>7</sub> modulators as potential therapeutics.
Group delay ripple in fibre Bragg grating tunable dispersion compensators (2002)

Insertion loss and group delay ripples of linearly chirped FBG-based tunable dispersion compensators are computed numerically and measured experimentally. It is shown that their magnitude depends on the dispersion level of the device.