gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computing and fabricating multilayer models (2011)

We present a method for automatically converting a digital 3D model into a multilayer model: a parallel stack of high-resolution 2D images embedded within a semi-transparent medium. Multilayer models can be produced quickly and cheaply and provide a strong sense of an object's 3D shape and texture over a wide range of viewing directions. Our method is designed to minimize visible cracks and other artifacts that can arise when projecting an input model onto a small number of parallel planes, and avoid layer transitions that cut the model along important surface features. We demonstrate multilayer models fabricated with glass and acrylic tiles using commercially available printers.
Comparative TEA for Indirect Liquefaction Pathways to Distillate-Range Fuels via Oxygenated Intermediates (2017)

This paper presents a comparative techno-economic analysis of five conversion pathways from biomass to gasoline-, jet-, and diesel-range hydrocarbons via indirect liquefaction with specific focus on pathways utilizing oxygenated intermediates (derived either via thermochemical or biochemical conversion steps). The four emerging pathways of interest are compared with one conventional pathway (Fischer-Tropsch) for the production of the hydrocarbon blendstocks. The processing steps of the four emerging pathways include: biomass-to-syngas via indirect gasification, gas cleanup, conversion of syngas to alcohols/oxygenates, followed by conversion of alcohols/oxygenates to hydrocarbon blendstocks via dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation. We show that the emerging pathways via oxygenated intermediates have the potential to be cost competitive with the conventional Fischer-Tropsch process. The evaluated pathways and the benchmark process generally exhibit similar fuel yields and carbon conversion efficiencies. The resulting minimum fuel selling prices are comparable to the benchmark at approximately $3.60 per gallon-gasoline equivalent, with potential for two new pathways to be more economically competitive. Additionally, the coproduct values can play an important role in the economics of the processes with oxygenated intermediates derived via syngas fermentation. Major cost drivers for the integrated processes are tied to achievable fuel yields and conversion efficiency of the intermediate steps, i.e., the production of oxygenates/alcohols from syngas and the conversion of oxygenates/alcohols to hydrocarbon fuels.
Overlap MMSE-Frequency-domain Equalization for Multi-carrier Signal Transmissions (2006)

Abstract—Recently, multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) has been attracting much attention for the next generation mobile communication systems. The insertion of the guard interval (GI) is necessary to avoid the inter-block interference (IBI), resulting in the transmission efficiency loss. In this paper, an overlap frequency-domain equalization (overlap FDE) technique, which requires no GI insertion, is presented for MC-CDMA signal transmission. The received MC-CDMA signal is divided into a sequence of M-sample signal blocks, where M is smaller than the number Nc of MC-CDMA subcarriers and then each block is equalized by using the overlap MMSE-FDE with Nc-sample FFT. Setting the block size M to be smaller than the FFT block size N c, the IBI can be sufficiently reduced. The achievable BER performance with overlap MMSE-FDE in a frequencyselective Rayleigh fading channel is evaluated by computer simulation. Key words: Frequency-domain equalization, frequencyselective channel, MC-CDMA
Switch Peptides In Statu Nascendi: Induction of Conformational Transitions Relevant to Degenerative Diseases (2004)

A novel concept for triggering conformational transitions, and thus changes in structure and function, in peptides with a switching element S provides intriguing perspectives for studying molecular processes (see scheme) that play a key role, for example, in early events of Alzheimer's disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Superstolide A (I): A Potent Cytotoxic Macrolide of a New Type from the New Caledonian Deep Water Marine Sponge Neosiphonia superstes (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Critical Care Nephrology (2005)

Stabilization - airway/breathing, circulation optimization - acid/base, sodium and water, edema, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorous, nutrition, post-transplant patients renal evaluation - acute renal failure, outcomes and prognosis renal replacement therapy - indications/modalities.
Photoluminescence and scintillation properties of Eu-doped Ga 2 O 3 single crystals grown by the floating zone method (2021)

Abstract We developed undoped, Eu 1%-, 3%-, and 10%-doped Ga 2 O 3 samples by the floating zone method to evaluate their photoluminescence and scintillation properties. The photoluminescence of the undoped, Eu 1%-, and 3%-doped samples showed intense host emission in the UV–vis range, while the Eu 10%-doped sample exhibited strong emission at 700–800 nm. In the scintillation spectra obtained upon X-ray excitation, host emission was observed in all the samples, and the Eu-doped ones exhibited some sharp emission lines due to the 4f–4f transitions of Eu 3+ . Among the samples investigated, the Eu 1%-doped sample showed the highest emission intensity for both scintillation and thermally stimulated luminescence.
<title>Holographic image printing system</title> (1994)

A holographic image dot-matrix printing system is described. The initial image to be printed is first loaded into the computer memory by any of the existing methods (scanner, CCD camera, etc.) or synthesised by the computer. This image can then be edited or corrected both in colours and structure with specially designed software. The resulting hard copy (holographic image) is printed as on the conventional matrix printing device. The only difference is that instead of pins the "writing lightpen" is used to record (print) the dots on the light sensitive material. Each dot of the complete image is modulated by a periodic structure (holographic grating). An advantage of the following system is because the nickel shim can be directly removed from the surface relief generated on a high resolution silver halide material.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS BASED ON AMORPHOUS HYDROGENATED SILICON THIN FILM ELECTRODES AND THE BEHAVIOR OF PHOTOCONDUCTOR ELECTRODE MATERIALS (1982)

Abstract Eigenleiten des a‐Si:H kann als Elektrode in elektrochemischen Zellen eingesetzt werden, wenn zur Erzeugung einer signifikanten Trägerdichte durch das ganze Material hindurch Licht von ⩾1.7 eV verwendet wird.
Optimal wire cutting with classical communication (2023)

Circuit knitting is the process of partitioning large quantum circuits into smaller subcircuits such that the result of the original circuits can be deduced by only running the subcircuits. Such techniques will be crucial for near-term and early fault-tolerant quantum computers, as the limited number of qubits is likely to be a major bottleneck for demonstrating quantum advantage. One typically distinguishes between gate cuts and wire cuts when partitioning a circuit. The cost for any circuit knitting approach scales exponentially in the number of cuts. One possibility to realize a cut is via the quasiprobability simulation technique. In fact, we argue that all existing rigorous circuit knitting techniques can be understood in this framework. Furthermore, we characterize the optimal overhead for wire cuts where the subcircuits can exchange classical information or not. We show that the optimal cost for cutting $n$ wires without and with classical communication between the subcircuits scales as $O(16^n)$ and $O(4^n)$, respectively.
<title>Holographic optical interconnect for signal processing and recognition applications</title> (1993)

A holographic optical interconnect technique capable of massive parallel interconnect operations is introduced. Its applications in digital data processing and pattern recognition were also experimentally realized.
Distributing mobility agents hierarchically under frequent location updates (2003)

The proliferation of wireless LAN technologies and mobile terminals has prompted an increased need to support efficient and seamless roaming. Current mobility management protocols, such as the Mobile IP, as defined in RFC 2002, do not scale well into these requirements. Mobile IP employs mobility agents called home agent and foreign agent to support Internet-wide mobility. We present a distribution of the mobility agent functionalities into fully scalable, arbitrarily deep tree hierarchies of foreign agents. We show that by distributing part of the functionality of the home agent into the foreign network we increase the performance significantly and securely. Our performance measurements show that the reduction of network latency, due to signaling locality in the hierarchical mode, enables faster location update frequencies than in a RFC 2002-compliant non-hierarchical mode. In our solution, the Dynamics-HUT mobile IP version 0.6-pre4, we obtained an increase in the TCP stream cutoff location update frequency when using a hierarchical configuration. We also experienced similar increase when using fixed speed streamed UDP traffic with data speeds typical for some popular multimedia formats. Consequently, we claim that this kind of mobility agent architecture is suitable for scalable, fast-handoff networks where multimedia streaming is used.
A method to quantify the fiber kinematics of planar tissues under biaxial stretch (1997)

We have developed a method for measuring fiber kinematics in two-dimensional soft collagenous tissues. The technique combines small-angle light scattering (SALS) and biaxial stretch controlled by simultaneous optical strain measurement. Preliminary findings on porcine aortic valve leaflets and bovine pericardium indicate that fiber kinematics are highly tissue specific and are generally non-affine. The mobility of the fibers within each tissue seems to be specialized to perform a distinct physiological function. Quantitative knowledge of a tissue's angular fiber distribution and its transformation during biaxial stretch is critical for microstructural modeling of planar tissues. Our results underscore the importance of measuring fiber kinematics for each specific tissue type that is to be modeled.
Applications of the AnastoClip® for Neurosurgical Interventions (2018)

Crimson is an Open-access academic publisher has a vision to establish Open Science platform that seeks to provide equal opportunity. Our mission is to offer quality editorial services, significant resources into technology innovation, freely accessible, discoverable scientific information, and high-quality publications.
CD98hc (SLC3A2) Loss Protects Against Ras-Driven Tumorigenesis by Modulating Integrin-Mediated Mechanotransduction (2014)

CD98hc (SLC3A2) is the heavy chain component of the dimeric transmembrane glycoprotein CD98, which comprises the large neutral amino acid transporter LAT1 (SLC7A5) in cells. Overexpression of CD98hc occurs widely in cancer cells and is associated with poor prognosis clinically, but its exact contributions to tumorigenesis are uncertain. In this study, we showed that genetic deficiency of CD98hc protects against Ras-driven skin carcinogenesis. Deleting CD98hc after tumor induction was also sufficient to cause regression of existing tumors. Investigations into the basis for these effects defined two new functions of CD98hc that contribute to epithelial cancer beyond an intrinsic effect of CD98hc on tumor cell proliferation. First, CD98hc increased the stiffness of the tumor microenvironment. Second, CD98hc amplified the capacity of cells to respond to matrix rigidity, an essential factor in tumor development. Mechanistically, CD98hc mediated this stiffness sensing by increasing Rho kinase (ROCK) activity, resulting in increased transcription mediated by YAP/TAZ, a nuclear relay for mechanical signals. Our results suggest that CD98hc contributes to carcinogenesis by amplifying a positive feedback loop, which increases both extracellular matrix stiffness and resulting cellular responses. This work supports a rationale to explore the use of CD98hc inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
Host genes that influence transposition in yeast: the abundance of a rare tRNA regulates Ty1 transposition frequency. (1990)

Genetic screening of a yeast genomic library in a high-copy-number vector identified the normally single copy tRNA(CCU Arg) gene as one of the genes and reduces Ty1 transposition frequency when overexpressed. Immunoblot analyses of Ty1-encoded proteins indicate an inverse correlation between the copy number of the tRNA gene and the production of the TYB protein. Thus, Ty1 transposition frequency is apparently regulated by the level of tRNA(CCU Arg) in yeast cells.
Fig Supp 1 from HDAC6 Plays a Noncanonical Role in the Regulation of Antitumor Immune Responses, Dissemination, and Invasiveness of Breast Cancer (2023)

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Guanophostin A: Synthesis and evaluation of a high affinity agonist of the d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (2006)

Guanophostin A, the guanosine counterpart of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor agonist adenophostin A, has been synthesized and is the first synthetic adenophostin A-like analogue to be equipotent to its parent in stimulating intracellular Ca2+ release; its nucleotide moiety is proposed to interact with the receptor binding core by guanine base cation-pi stacking with Arg504 and hydrogen bonding with Glu505 and interaction of the ribosyl 2'-phosphate group with the helix-dipole of alpha6.
Impact of refractive index profile defects on transmission performance in installed multimode fiber (2005)

Multimode fiber (MMF) has found applications in high-speed computer interconnect, local area networks (LAN), and storage area networks (SAN) due to its ease of handling and high performance over short span. However, modal dispersion limits its bandwidth-distance product (BDP) to about 2 Gb/s-km. This limit has been extended by recent new generation of optimized MMF to 28 Gb/s-km, but there is evidence that a substantial portion of installed MMF have imperfect refractive index (RI) profiles due to defects during the manufacturing process, and the BDP might be at best no more than 500 Mbps-km. Different strategies have been proposed to address this issue by employing offset launch, multi-level subcarrier modulation, and mode spatial control. However, our studies have shown that end-to-end system performance of installed MMF can be highly dependent on input launch polarization. In this report, we investigate, for the first time to our knowledge, the relationship between RI profile defect, input launch condition, and transmission performance in commercial-grade MMF, both 50 &#956;m and 62.5 &#956;m. To this end, a number of techniques have been deployed. Two-dimensional (2D) MMF RI profile is obtained by a micro-reflectivity technique with a spatial resolution of ~400 nm. MMF transmission characteristics are interrogated using interferometric techniques. Data at 40 Gb/s are transmitted over the same MMF sample at different launch conditions, and the system performance is evaluated by bit-error rate measurements. These results are then analyzed to provide insights to correlate fiber RI profile defects and high-speed data transmission performance for installed commercial-grade MMF for optical access networks.
A multigigahertz clocking scheme for the Pentium(R) 4 microprocessor (2001)

Core and I/O clock design for the Pentium(R) 4 microprocessor is described. Two phase-locked loops generate core and I/O clocks supporting concurrent multiple frequencies. A clock distribution network with skew optimization and jitter reduction is designed to achieve low clock inaccuracies for processors at frequencies /spl ges/2 GHz for the core and /spl ges/4 GHz for the rapid execution engine. A global medium clock frequency is distributed. Local clock drivers generate pulsed or regular (nonpulsed) clocks at fast, medium, and slow frequencies. A 3.2-GB/s system bus is achieved using a dedicated I/O phase-locked loop with glitch protection and detection. Silicon speed path tools and clock debug features are designed to enable a short debug cycle.
Au-rich filamentary behavior and associated subband gap optical absorption in hyperdoped Si (2017)

Au-hyperdoped Si, synthesized by ion implantation and pulsed laser melting, is known to exhibit a strong sub-band gap photoresponse that scales monotonically with the Au concentration. However, there is thought to be a limit to this behavior since ultrahigh Au concentrations ($&gt;1\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathrm{c}{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$) are expected to induce cellular breakdown during the rapid resolidification of Si, a process that is associated with significant lateral impurity precipitation. This work shows that the cellular morphology observed in Au-hyperdoped Si differs from that in conventional, steady-state cellular breakdown. In particular, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry combined with channeling and transmission electron microscopy revealed an inhomogeneous Au distribution and a subsurface network of Au-rich filaments, within which the Au impurities largely reside on substitutional positions in the crystalline Si lattice, at concentrations as high as $\ensuremath{\sim}3$ at. %. The measured substitutional Au dose, regardless of the presence of Au-rich filaments, correlates strongly with the sub-band gap optical absorptance. Upon subsequent thermal treatment, the supersaturated Au forms precipitates, while the Au substitutionality and the sub-band gap optical absorption both decrease. These results offer insight into a metastable filamentary regime in Au-hyperdoped Si that has important implications for Si-based infrared optoelectronics.
Through-Silicon Photonic Via and Unidirectional Coupler for High-Speed Data Transmission in Optoelectronic Three-Dimensional LSI (2011)

We develop Si-core through-silicon photonic via (TSPV) and unidirectional coupler for low-loss and high-speed data transmission in an optoelectronic 3-D LSI. The TSPVs, comprising a Si-core and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> cladding, were fabricated simultaneously with Cu TSVs. The characteristics of light confinement of the TSPV were measured using a near-field pattern measurement. The spot light area was well confined within the TSPV without interference from the lights. The optical intensity that passed through the TSPV was 20% higher than that which passed through the Si substrate. The unidirectional optical coupler with two mirrors showed higher coupling efficiency. Laser light can be efficiently propagated to a planar Si waveguide through the TSPV and the unidirectional coupler.
Prion protein attenuates excitotoxicity by inhibiting NMDA receptors (2008)

It is well established that misfolded forms of cellular prion protein (PrP [PrP(C)]) are crucial in the genesis and progression of transmissible spongiform encephalitis, whereas the function of native PrP(C) remains incompletely understood. To determine the physiological role of PrP(C), we examine the neurophysiological properties of hippocampal neurons isolated from PrP-null mice. We show that PrP-null mouse neurons exhibit enhanced and drastically prolonged N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-evoked currents as a result of a functional upregulation of NMDA receptors (NMDARs) containing NR2D subunits. These effects are phenocopied by RNA interference and are rescued upon the overexpression of exogenous PrP(C). The enhanced NMDAR activity results in an increase in neuronal excitability as well as enhanced glutamate excitotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, native PrP(C) mediates an important neuroprotective role by virtue of its ability to inhibit NR2D subunits.
Structural parameters of synthetic opals: Statistical analysis of electron microscopy images (2008)

The paper reports on a comprehensive study of the statistical characteristics of an ensemble of a-SiO2 particles in synthetic opals. The results of processing of the electron microscopy images obtained in the investigation of the (111) growth layer are presented. To calculate the statistical parameters, an algorithm is developed which permits determination of the diameters of a-SiO2 particles and coordinates of their centers. The algorithm is based on the pattern recognition procedure of objects with radially symmetric boundaries by means of a transformation of the original image similar to the Hough transformation. Our image processing study yields structural parameters of the (111) growth layer, more specifically, the average particle diameter, ∼316 nm, the distribution profile half-width, ∼7%, and the average distance between the centers of neighboring particles, ∼315 nm. The results of the opal image processing are compared with data of optical experiments.
In vitro characterization of bioactive titanium dioxide/hydroxyapatite surfaces functionalized with BMP‐2 (2009)

Poor implant fixation and bone resorption are two of the major challenges in modern orthopedics and are caused by poor bone/implant integration. In this work, bioactive crystalline titanium dioxide (TiO(2))/hydroxyapatite (HA) surfaces, functionalized with bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), were evaluated as potential implant coatings for improved osseointegration. The outer layer consisted of HA, which is known to be osteoconductive, and may promote improved initial bone attachment when functionalized with active molecules such as BMP-2 in a soaking process. The inner layer of crystalline TiO(2) is bioactive and ensures long-term fixation of the implant, once the hydroxyapatite has been resorbed. The in vitro response of mesenchymal stem cells on bioactive crystalline TiO(2)/HA surfaces functionalized with BMP-2 was examined and compared with the cell behavior on nonfunctionalized HA layers, crystalline TiO(2) surfaces, and native titanium oxide surfaces. The crystalline TiO(2) and the HA surfaces showed to be more favorable than the native titanium oxide surface in terms of cell viability and cell morphology as well as initial cell differentiation. Furthermore, cell differentiation on BMP-2-functionalized HA surfaces was found to be significantly higher than on the other surfaces indicating that the simple soaking process can be used for incorporating active molecules, promoting fast bone osseointegration to HA layers.
Cyclometallated Organoiridium Complexes as Emitters in Electrophosphorescent Devices (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Organic Light-Emitting Devices Phosphorescent Materials as Emitters in OLEDs Organometallic Complexes as Phosphorescent Emitters in OLEDs Confining Triplet Excitons and Carriers in Phosphor-Doped OLEDs Cyclometallated Complexes for OLEDs Synthesis of Cyclometallated Ir Complexes Excited States in Cyclometallated Complexes MO Analysis of Ir Cyclometallates Using Ancillary Ligands to Modify the Excited State Properties Facial and Meridional Isomers of Tris-Cyclometallates Ancillary Ligands with Low Triplet Energies Ligand Tuning to Achieve Green to Near-Infrared Emission Near-UV Luminescent Cyclometallated Complexes Conclusion