gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The CAG trinucleotide repeat length in the androgen receptor does not predict the early onset of prostate cancer (2002)

These results suggest that there is no correlation between the androgen receptor CAG repeat length and the age of onset, stage and grade of prostate cancer, confirming recent doubts from other similar studies of a suggested correlation between shorter androgen receptor CAG repeat and early onset and aggressiveness of prostate cancer.
Rapid assessment of visual function: an electronic sweep technique for the pattern visual evoked potential. (1979)

We have developed an electronic spatial frequency sweep technique for electrophysiological assessment of visual acuity and pattern vision. The technique allows an accurate and reliable measurement of VEPs to a full range of spatial frequencies in just 10 sec. Because the measurements are so rapid, the technique suggests several new improvements in the assessment of visual function. Sweeping spatial frequency linearly and extrapolating the high-frequency region of the VEP spatial-tuning function to zero voltage allows an estimate of acuity which correlates highly with psychophysical estimates of acuity. Variants of the procedure are appropriate for the assessment of refracture error, determination of equality of visual function for the two eyes and of binocular interactions, and for sequential assessment of therapeutic conditions.
Improved derivative superposition scheme for simultaneous second- and third-order distortion cancellation in LNAs (2009)

An improved derivative superposition (IDS) scheme is examined for low-noise amplifier (LNA) linearisation, which utilises PMOS as an auxiliary FET in weak inversion for simultaneous second- and third-order distortion cancellation in wideband LNAs. The performance of a LNA with IDS is compared to that of a LNA with conventional derivative superposition (CDS) and common-source (CS) cascode LNA with the same power consumption. Simulation results show that the proposed LNA has nearly the same IIP3 as the LNA by CDS linearisation and 7 dB improvement compared to the CS LNA. Further, it has more than 20 dB improvement in IIP2. While the gain and noise figure of the proposed LNA are nearly unaffected, it only needs 0.2% extra power.
Building a feral future: Open questions in crop ferality (2023)

Societal Impact Statement Given the rapidly increasing drought and temperature stresses associated with climate change, innovative approaches for food security are imperative. One understudied opportunity is using feral crops—plants that have escaped and persisted without cultivation—as a source of genetic diversity, which could build resilience in domesticated conspecifics. In some cases, however, feral plants vigorously compete with crops as weeds, challenging food security. By bridging historically siloed ecological, agronomic, and evolutionary lines of inquiry into feral crops, there is the opportunity to improve food security and understand this relatively understudied anthropogenic phenomenon. Summary The phenomenon of feral crops, that is, free‐living populations that have established outside cultivation, is understudied. Some researchers focus on the negative consequences of domestication, whereas others assert that feral populations may serve as useful pools of genetic diversity for future crop improvement. Although research on feral crops and the process of feralization has advanced rapidly in the last two decades, generalizable insights have been limited by a lack of comparative research across crop species and other factors. To improve international coordination of research on this topic, we summarize the current state of feralization research and chart a course for future study by consolidating outstanding questions in the field. These questions, which emerged from the colloquium “Darwins' reversals: What we now know about Feralization and Crop Wild Relatives” at the BOTANY 2021 conference, fall into seven categories that span both basic and applied research: (1) definitions and drivers of ferality, (2) genetic architecture and pathway, (3) evolutionary history and biogeography, (4) agronomy and breeding, (5) fundamental and applied ecology, (6) collecting and conservation, and (7) taxonomy and best practices. These questions serve as a basis for ferality researchers to coordinate research in these areas, potentially resulting in major contributions to food security in the face of climate change.
Secure Control in Partially Observable Environments to Satisfy LTL\n Specifications (2020)

This paper studies the synthesis of control policies for an agent that has to\nsatisfy a temporal logic specification in a partially observable environment,\nin the presence of an adversary. The interaction of the agent (defender) with\nthe adversary is modeled as a partially observable stochastic game. The goal is\nto generate a defender policy to maximize satisfaction of a given temporal\nlogic specification under any adversary policy. The search for policies is\nlimited to the space of finite state controllers, which leads to a tractable\napproach to determine policies. We relate the satisfaction of the specification\nto reaching (a subset of) recurrent states of a Markov chain. We present an\nalgorithm to determine a set of defender and adversary finite state controllers\nof fixed sizes that will satisfy the temporal logic specification, and prove\nthat it is sound. We then propose a value-iteration algorithm to maximize the\nprobability of satisfying the temporal logic specification under finite state\ncontrollers of fixed sizes. Lastly, we extend this setting to the scenario\nwhere the size of the finite state controller of the defender can be increased\nto improve the satisfaction probability. We illustrate our approach with an\nexample.\n
R&D of a Gas-Filled RF Beam Profile Monitor for Intense Neutrino Beam Experiments (2017)

A MW-power beam facility is desired to produce an intense neutrino beam for study of fundamental particle physics. It is a critical challenge to measure beam profile in extreme radiation environments. To this end, a novel beam profile monitor based on a gas-filled multi-RF cavity is proposed. Charged particles through the gas-filled RF generate plasma that changes the gas permittivity. The modulated RF signal in the cavity due to the permittivity shift will be measured to reconstruct the flux of charged particles in the cavity. The demonstration is proposed to validate the concept of the monitor. We report the progress of the demonstration test.
MO‐D‐330A‐06: Development of the X‐Ray Detector with Sequential Readout Circuits for Multidetector‐Row Computed Tomography (2006)

Purpose: To develop a low‐cost X‐ray detector with sequential readout circuits, to realize enough low noise for multidetector‐row computed tomography(MDCT), and to evaluate image quality. Method and Materials: We have developed an X‐ray detector that has a MOS‐switch for each pixel, connects many pixels of a common column with the electric readout circuit, and outputs the signals of these pixels from one circuit by turning on lines of switches in order. It has fewer readout circuits than a conventional MDCT detector, but new design is necessary to realize enough low noise for MDCT. First, to make the required noise specific, we simulated the relation of the detector noise and image noise (simulation(A)). Second, to consider how to realize it, we simulated the detector noise with the circuit noise model (simulation(B)). Third, we constructed the detector in order to evaluate its noise. Last, we developed a test CT system with these detectors to evaluate image noise with phantoms. Results: The result of the simulation(A) indicated that detector noise had to be less than about 10‐k rms electrons, and we found to be able to achieve it by optimizing the circuit parameters of the low pass filter and the data line as a result of the simulation(B). We constructed the detectors with these parameters to evaluate these noise, and it turned out that it was about 10.5‐k rms electrons and the required noise was achieved. Moreover, the result to evaluate the noise from images with phantoms indicated that the main was X‐ray quantum noise and the detector noise was low enough to be ignored when the object was a cylindrical water‐filled phantom less than about 30 cm in diameter and the slice thickness of the images was 0.625 mm. Conclusion: We developed a low‐noise X‐ray detector with sequential readout circuits for MDCT.
Correction to “Synthesis, Characterization, and Heterobimetallic Cooperation in a Titanium–Chromium Catalyst for Highly Branched Polyethylenes” (2013)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Synthesis, Characterization, and Heterobimetallic Cooperation in a Titanium–Chromium Catalyst for Highly Branched Polyethylenes"Shaofeng Liu, Alessandro Motta, Massimiliano Delferro*, and Tobin J. Marks*Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 38, 14460Publication Date (Web):September 13, 2013Publication History Published online13 September 2013Published inissue 25 September 2013https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja4082217https://doi.org/10.1021/ja4082217correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2013 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1048Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (121 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Proceedings of the first workshop on Parallel programming for analytics applications (2014)

Necessity is the mother of invention. That premise motivated the organizers of this workshop and the program committee to bring together communities that need vast amounts of computingresources for big analytics problems and the communities that can build computing platforms to solve those problems.

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the First Workshop on Parallel Programming for Analytics Applications (PPAA). Analytics applications are scaling rapidly in terms of the size and variety of data analyzed, the complexity of models explored and tested, and the number of analytics professionals or data scientists supported concurrently. At the same time hardware systems are embracing new technologies like on-chip and off-chip accelerators, vector extensions to instruction sets, and solid state disks. New programming methodologies and run-times to support them are emerging to facilitate the development of new analytics applications, and to leverage emerging systems. This workshop provides a forum for the applications community, runtime and development environment community and systems community to exchange the outlook for progress in each of these areas and exchange ideas on how to cross leverage the progress.

We especially encourage attendees to attend the keynote and invited talk presentations. These valuable and insightful talks can and will guide us to a better understanding of the future: 
Future Directions in Analytic Applications, Dr. Edward J. Baranoski (currently Director of the Office of Smart Collection at Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) where the focus is on dramatically improving the value of collected data from all sources.)
Cognitive Computing Journey, David Nahamoo (currently at IBM Research, focusing on cognitive computing.)
Graphs & Networks: Computing and Analytics at Lincoln Laboratory, Robert A. Bond (currently with IBM Lincoln Labs architectures, conducting research that support graph analytics as data sets scale to million-node graphs and beyond.)
High-speed Graph Analytics with the Galois System, Dr. Keshav Pingali (Professor in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Texas at Austin, research is focused on programming languages and tools for multicore and manycore processors.)
Pyridone Annulation by 4 + 2 Coupling of Dienolates with Nitriles and Nitrile Equivalents. A Solution to the Acetonitrile Problem (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPyridone Annulation by 4 + 2 Coupling of Dienolates with Nitriles and Nitrile Equivalents. A Solution to the Acetonitrile ProblemYanping Chen, Tindy Li, and Scott McN. SieburthView Author Information Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400 [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 20, 6826–6828Publication Date (Web):September 7, 2001Publication History Received23 May 2001Published online7 September 2001Published inissue 1 October 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo0157876https://doi.org/10.1021/jo0157876brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views536Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amides,Annulations,Condensation,Nitrogen compounds,Organic compounds Get e-Alerts
Trial Watch (2014)

Immunostimulatory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) exert antineoplastic effects by eliciting a novel or reinstating a pre-existing antitumor immune response. Most often, immunostimulatory mAbs activate T lymphocytes or natural killer (NK) cells by inhibiting immunosuppressive receptors, such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA4) or programmed cell death 1 (PDCD1, best known as PD-1), or by engaging co-stimulatory receptors, like CD40, tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 4 (TNFRSF4, best known as OX40) or TNFRSF18 (best known as GITR). The CTLA4-targeting mAb ipilimumab has been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for use in patients with unresectable or metastatic melanoma in 2011. The therapeutic profile of ipilimumab other CTLA4-blocking mAbs, such as tremelimumab, is currently being assessed in subjects affected by a large panel of solid neoplasms. In the last few years, promising clinical results have also been obtained with nivolumab, a PD-1-targeting mAb formerly known as BMS-936558. Accordingly, the safety and efficacy of nivolumab and other PD-1-blocking molecules are being actively investigated. Finally, various clinical trials are underway to test the therapeutic potential of OX40- and GITR-activating mAbs. Here, we summarize recent findings on the therapeutic profile of immunostimulatory mAbs and discuss clinical trials that have been launched in the last 14 months to assess the therapeutic profile of these immunotherapeutic agents.
[P2–041]: POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC SYSTEM FOR ALZHEIMER's DISEASE BY REMOVING BLOOD Aβ: EFFECTS OF BLOOD PURIFICATION PERIOD ON Aβ REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (2017)

Rapid removal of Aβ from the blood by an extra-corporeal system may act as peripheral sink from the brain. We have reported that hemodialyzers removed Aβs effectively, which triggered large Aβ influx into the blood, and that Aβ depositions in the brain of hemodialysis patients was significantly lower than those of age-matched controls. Here, we investigated the effects of blood purification period on Aβ removal efficiency in hemodialysis patients. This study was approved by the institutional review boards of Fujita Health University and Ogaki Municipal Hospital. The subjects were 1) 13 patients who received 4 hour hemodialysis (HD-4hr), 2) 5 patients of 5 hour HD (HD-5hr), and 3) 3 patients of 8 hour HD (HD-8hr), (totally, 9 males and 12 females; age, 67.5±8.1 yo; duration of dialysis, 17.8±9.7 y, all were non-diabetic). The removal efficiencies of blood Aβs at pre/post hemodialyzers at the end of each sessions were HD-4hr; 57±15% and 47±16% for Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, respectively, HD-5hr; 64±10% and 51±15%, HD-8hr; 66±4% and 55±5%. The reduction rates of blood Aβs concentrations in the whole body circulation were HD-4hr; 52±15% and 44±14% for Aβ1–40 and Aβ1–42, respectively, HD-5hr; 61±9% and 53±8%, HD-8hr; 70±1% and 62±4%. The longer period of blood Aβ removal showed the higher Aβs reduction rates (p<0.01). The total amounts of Aβs influxes into the blood from certain organs/tissues during hemodialysis sessions were larger in the longer period of blood Aβ removal. However, the rates of Aβs influxes decreased after 5 hour of hemodialysis. High Aβs removal efficiencies of hemodialyzers were maintained during 8 hour hemodialysis period. The hemodialyzers of appropriate materials have enough capacity of Aβs removal from the body fluids. Therefore, Extra-corporeal Blood Aβ Removal System (E-BERS) may be potential therapeutic systems for Alzheimer's Disease. Acknowledgment: This work was partly supported by KAKENHI (26282126), Smoking Research Foundation and Aichi Kidney Foundation.
The Role of Mucosal Associated Invariant T Cells in Antimicrobial Immunity (2015)

Mucosal associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are an innate-like T cell subset prevalent in humans and distributed throughout the blood and mucosal sites. Human MAIT cells are defined by the expression of the semi-invariant TCRα chain TRAV1-2/TRAJ12/20/33 and are restricted by the non-polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-like molecule, MHC-related protein 1, MR1. MAIT cells are activated by small organic molecules, derived from the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway of bacteria and fungi, presented by MR1. Traditionally, MAIT cells were thought to recognize a limited number of antigens due to usage of an invariant TCRα chain and restriction by a non-polymorphic MHC molecule. However, recent studies demonstrate that the TCR repertoire of MAIT cells is more heterogeneous, suggesting there is a more diverse array of MR1 antigens that MAIT cells can recognize. In response to infected cells, MAIT cells produce the pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-γ and TNF, and are cytolytic. Studies performed in MR1-deficient mice suggest that MAIT cells can provide anti-bacterial control within the first few days post-infection, as well as contribute to enhanced adaptive immunity in murine models of respiratory infections. In humans, the role of MAIT cells is unclear; however, evidence points to interplay between MAIT cells and microbial infections, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Given that MAIT cells are pro-inflammatory, serve in early control of bacterial infections, and appear enriched at tissue sites where microbes interface and gain access to the body, we postulate that they play an important role in antimicrobial immune responses. In this review, we discuss the most recent studies on the function and phenotype of MAIT cells, including their TCR diversity and antigenic repertoire, with a focus on the contribution of human MAIT cells in the immune response to microbial infection.
Fault ride-through capability investigation of a doubly-fed induction generator with an additional series-connected voltage source converter (2006)

In this paper, several published protection schemes applied to fault ride-through capability of DFIGs are compared at first. The voltage sag response of a conventional DFIG with a back-to-back PWM converter connected in the rotor side has been investigated based on both a steady-state DFIG model and a full transient DFIG model in PSCAD. Furthermore, an integration scheme of a DFIG with an additional series-connected voltage source converter is proposed for improving the fault ride-though performance when a DFIG experiences a grid fault on the near side of the point of common coupling (PCC) or remote in the network. The PSCAD/EMTDC simulation results demonstrate the proposed scheme can significantly increase the whole DFIG system stability even following severe symmetrical or unsymmetrical voltage sags.
Core Level Shifts of Hydrogenated Pyridinic and Pyrrolic Nitrogen in the Nitrogen-Containing Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts: In-Plane vs Edge Defects (2016)

A combination of N 1s X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and first principles calculations of nitrogen-containing model electrocatalysts was used to elucidate the nature of the nitrogen defects that contribute to the binding energy (BE) range of the N 1s XPS spectra of these materials above ~400 eV. Experimental core level shifts were obtained for a set of model materials, namely N-doped carbon nanospheres, Fe–N–carbon nanospheres, polypyrrole, polypyridine, and pyridinium chloride, and were compared to the shifts calculated using density functional theory. The results confirm that the broad peak positioned at ~400.7 eV in the N 1s XPS spectra of N-containing catalysts, which is typically assigned to pyrrolic nitrogen, contains contributions from other hydrogenated nitrogen species such as hydrogenated pyridinic functionalities. Namely, N 1s BEs of hydrogenated pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N were calculated as 400.6 and 400.7 eV, respectively, using the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional. A special emphasis was placed on the study of the differences in the XPS imprint of N-containing defects that are situated in the plane and on the edges of the graphene sheet. Density functional theory calculations for BEs of the N 1s of in-plane and edge defects show that hydrogenated N defects are more sensitive to the change in the chemical environment in the carbon matrix than the non-hydrogenated N defects. In conclusion, calculations also show that edge-hydrogenated pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N defects only contribute to the N 1s XPS peak located at ~400.7 eV if the graphene edges are oxygenated or terminated with bare carbon atoms.
Two-photon absorption in CdTe quantum dots (2005)

We report measurements of frequency degenerate and nondegenerate two-photon absorption (2PA) spectra of CdTe quantum dots, QDs, in glass matrices and compare them with 2PA in bulk CdTe. We find that the 2PA is strongly dependent on the size of the QDs becoming smaller with decreasing size, even when normalizing to the volume of the dots. We adapt a simple degenerate 2PA model, based on the effective mass approximation, to nondegenerate 2PA, and this model correctly describes the experimental data for 2-photon energies up to ~ 1.4Eg. This suggests that, once the spectrum for one size of quantum dot is known, the model can be used for predicting the degenerate and nondegenerate 2PA spectra of different sized QDs of the same semiconductor.