gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen Entry and its Effect on Delayed Fracture Susceptibility of High Strength Steel Bolts under Atmospheric Corrosion (2012)

Research on hydrogen embrittlement (delayed fracture) susceptibility of high strength steel bolts was reviewed from the viewpoint of metallurgical factors enhancing the resistance to delayed fracture, assessment of delayed fracture susceptibility based on the hydrogen absorption from atmospheric environments, and the mechanism of hydrogen entry into steel under atmospheric exposure.Resistance to delayed fracture was quantified based on the threshold hydrogen concentration Cth by means of laboratory constant load tests under cathodic hydrogen charging. Vanadium containing anti-delayed fracture steel bolts had higher Cth values than conventional steel bolts, and showed good resistance to delayed fracture at tensile strength levels of 1400 MPa under actual atmospheric exposure.Susceptibility to delayed fracture was evaluated by comparing Cth to absorbed hydrogen concentration C0 into steel bolts under atmospheric exposure. The good resistance to delayed fracture of Vanadium steel high strength bolts was attributable to sufficiently higher Cth than C0. Hydrogen permeation experiments under atmospheric exposure enabled more exact measurements of sub-surface hydrogen concentration into steel. Hydrogen permeability under atmospheric exposure showed a strong dependence on the time of the day, seasons and exposure locations.Mechanism of hydrogen entry was investigated by hydrogen permeation measurements under laboratory wet-dry cyclic conditions. Dominant factors that control hydrogen entry were temperature, relative humidity, and the amount of sea salt on the steel surface. Dependence of hydrogen permeability under actual atmospheric environments on daily temperature-humidity cycle, season and locations were explainable based on the effect of temperature, humidity and sea salts.
2022 ESC Guidelines on cardio-oncology developed in collaboration with the European Hematology Association (EHA), the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (ESTRO) and the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS) (2022)

International audience
The Role of Angiogenesis in Breast Cancer Progression (2001)

Increasingly abundant evidence indicates that the ability of a tumor to command angiogenesis is an important determinant of its phenotype. The data that support this viewpoint were first gained in patients with carcinoma of the breast (Weidner et al, 1991), and confirmatory data have subsequently been obtained in studies conducted in breast and many other solid tumors (see Chapter 4). Additionally, the discovery of various proangiogenic and antiangiogenic molecules has led to the viewpoint that in the normally quiescent vasculature of an adult, the effects of angiogenesis inhibitors predominate for endothelial cells. Therefore, it follows that in angiogenic tumors, the balance between inhibition and stimulation of angiogenesis is disrupted so that endothelial stimulation is favored. Much effort has been directed toward identifying particular angiogenesis stimulators or inhibitors important in neoangiogenesis of breast cancer. Although a multiplicity of candidate stimulators and inhibitors have been investigated, and although vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been correlated with poor prognosis in breast cancer (Toi et al, 1995a; Gasparini et al, 1997; Relf et al, 1997; Eppenberger et al, 1998), it is becoming clear that we will probably not find any single angiogenic molecule that is responsible for the neovascularization of this disease. It appears more likely that tumors can influence expression of a large number of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors, and that this influence extends to molecules expressed by stromal cells as well as those expressed by the tumor cells themselves (reviewed in Pluda, 1997).
Models of molecular diversity to facilitate marker guided therapy (2008)

KN01 Several hundred drugs targeted against molecular defects in cancer are now being tested clinically. This number will grow substantially as comprehensive analyses of cancer genomes are completed. Early development of biomarkers that predict clinical response will allow these drugs to be tested in tumors most likely to respond. This will increase the probability that drugs effective in tumor subpopulations will not be missed and will decrease the cost of early trials by allowing them to be tested in small numbers of patients whose tumors are most likely to respond. It also will allow predictive biomarkers to be developed in parallel with experimental drugs so that successful drugs enter the clinical market with fully validated predictive biomarkers. We are pursuing the hypothesis that selection of predictive markers for breast cancers can be accomplished by assessing responses to new drugs in an in vitro system comprised of 50 breast cancer cell lines and correlating these with genomic, transcriptional and proteomic features measured in order to identify molecular features associated with response. This in vitro systems approach is based on our observations that the cell line collection models much of the molecular diversity and recurrent aberrations found in primary tumors and that predictive markers can be developed using information about molecular features associated with response in vitro. In order to test the in vitro approach, we have developed novel computational and experimental approaches for identification of non-linear signatures of response and we have applied these in assessing responses to ~40 approved and experimental therapeutic agents. We have tested the clinical utility of one of these-- a 6-gene predictive assay for lapatinib developed using this approach, in two independent clinical trials.
Conversion of lactones into ethers (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of lactones into ethersGeorge A. Kraus, Kevin A. Frazier, Bruce D. Roth, Michael J. Taschner, and Kent NeuenschwanderCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 11, 2417–2419Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00324a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1753Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (422 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Differential correlation of the BOLD response to different types of emotional valence processing with the availability of GABAA receptors: A combined fMRI and [11C]flumazenil-PET study (2022)

Ziel/Aim One of the core components of emotional processing is the processing of emotional valence which has been studied thoroughly using fMRI. More recently, in order to elucidate the relationship to neurotransmitters, GABA levels were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). So far only few studies addressed the relationship of GABAA-receptor availability with fMRI BOLD signal. In this study we investigated for the first time this relationship during different types of emotional valence processing. We hypothesised a correlation between the BOLD signal and the binding potential of a GABAA receptor ligand in the medial prefrontal cortex.
Visualization of Organic Light-Emitting Device Structures Fabricated by Solution-Processing Using Neutron Reflectivity Measurements (2019)

有機 EL 素子は一対の電極間に機能ごとに分かれた多層の有機積層薄膜を持ち，その積層構造は有機 EL 素 子の性能に大きな影響を与える．しかし，それぞれの有機薄膜は数 nm から数十 nm と非常に薄く，評価が難 しい．その中で，我々は非破壊計測手法である中性子反射率法に着目した．本論文では，中性子反射率法を用 いて評価した塗布積層有機薄膜界面の構造と，その構造が有機 EL素子の特性に与える影響について紹介する．
Comparison of the Amyloid Load in the Brains of Two Transgenic Alzheimer’s Disease Mouse Models Quantified by Florbetaben Positron Emission Tomography (2021)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, which can be mimicked by transgenic mouse models. Here, we report on the characterization of amyloid load in the brains of two transgenic amyloidosis models using positron emission tomography (PET) with florbetaben (FBB), an <sup>18</sup>F-labeled amyloid PET tracer routinely used in AD patients. Young, middle-aged, and old homozygous APP/PS1 mice (ARTE10), old hemizygous APPswe/PS1ΔE9, and old wild-type control mice were subjected to FBB PET using a small animal PET/computed tomography scanner. After PET, brains were excised, and <i>ex vivo</i> autoradiography was performed. Plaque pathology was verified on brain sections with histological methods. Amyloid plaque load increased progressively with age in the cortex and hippocampus of ARTE10 mice, which could be detected with both <i>in vivo</i> FBB PET and <i>ex vivo</i> autoradiography. FBB retention showed significant differences to wild-type controls already at 9 months of age by both <i>in vivo</i> and <i>ex vivo</i> analyses. An excellent correlation between data derived from PET and autoradiography could be obtained (<i>r</i> <sub><i>Pearson</i></sub> = 0.947, <i>p</i> < 0.0001). Although amyloid load detected by FBB in the brains of old APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice was as low as values obtained with young ARTE10 mice, statistically significant discrimination to wild-type animals was reached (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In comparison to amyloid burden quantified by histological analysis, FBB retention correlated best with total plaque load and number of congophilic plaques in the brains of both mouse models. In conclusion, the homozygous ARTE10 mouse model showed superior properties over APPswe/PS1ΔE9 mice for FBB small animal amyloid PET imaging. The absolute amount of congophilic dense-cored plaques seems to be the decisive factor for feasibility of amyloidosis models for amyloid PET analysis.
Stat3 is required for the development of skin cancer (2004)

Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3) is a transcription factor that is constitutively activated in a variety of human malignancies, including prostate, lung, brain, breast, and squamous cell carcinomas. Inhibition of activated Stat3 leads to decreased proliferation and apoptosis of many cancer-derived cell lines, while the introduction of a constitutively activated form of Stat3 into immortalized human breast epithelial cells and rodent fibroblasts results in cellular transformation. Collectively, these data suggest a role for Stat3 in oncogenesis. A new study from Chan et al. is the first to demonstrate a requirement for Stat3 in de novo epithelial carcinogenesis in vivo. Using the two-step model of chemically induced skin carcinogenesis, the authors demonstrated that mice deficient in Stat3 were completely resistant to skin tumor development.
Superlattice photodetector having improved carrier mobility (2023)

In a superlattice (SL) photodetector, each period of the SL includes first and second semiconductor layers having different compositions, at least one of which comprises indium arsenide (InAs). At least one of these two semiconductor layers has a graded composition. In embodiments, the first semiconductor layer comprises InAs and the second semiconductor layer is a graded layer comprising indium arsenide antimonide (InAsSb), wherein the antimony (Sb) concentration is varied. In examples, the Sb concentration in the second layer gradually increases from the top and bottom toward the middle of the layer.
Positive emotions and brain reward circuits in chronic pain (2016)

Chronic pain is an important public health problem that negatively impacts the quality of life of affected individuals and exacts enormous socioeconomic costs. Chronic pain is often accompanied by comorbid emotional disorders including anxiety, depression, and possibly anhedonia. The neural circuits underlying the intersection of pain and pleasure are not well understood. We summarize recent human and animal investigations and demonstrate that aversive aspects of pain are encoded in brain regions overlapping with areas processing reward and motivation. We highlight findings revealing anatomical and functional alterations of reward/motivation circuits in chronic pain. Finally, we review supporting evidence for the concept that pain relief is rewarding and activates brain reward/motivation circuits. Adaptations in brain reward circuits may be fundamental to the pathology of chronic pain. Knowledge of brain reward processing in the context of pain could lead to the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of emotional aspects of pain and comorbid conditions.
Neuroeyndocrinological Response to Standardized Mixed Meal in Female Anorectic Patients During Active and Refeeding Phases (2000)

To evaluate the neuroendocrinological dysfunction in anorexia nervosa, plasma somatostatin, glucose, insulin, and growth hormone were monitored in ten patients with anorexia nervosa in the active and refeeding (remission) phases of the disorder and in nine age-matched healthy control subjects. Somatostatin levels were significantly higher in the anorectic patients in both the active and refeeding phases than in the controls at baseline (mean+/-SD 27.4 +/-5.5 and 31.1+/-2.6 vs 21.3+/-1.9 pg/ml; p<0.001), and significantly higher in the anorectic patients in the active phase compared to the refeeding phase and to the controls in response to a mixed meal (p<0.05). Insulin levels were significantly lower in the anorectic patients in both the active and refeeding phases compared to the controls at baseline (9.3+/-1.1, 7.6+/-1.0 vs 14.7+/-3.5 microU/ml; p<0.0001) and after a mixed meal (p<0.05). An attenuated glucose response discriminated the anorectic patients in the active state from the same patients in the refeeding state and the controls (p<0.0001). There was no significant difference in growth hormone response between the anorectic patients and the controls. These findings suggest that there is an augmented response of somatostatin and an attenuated response of insulin to mixed meal stimulation in active anorexia. The diminished insulin response persists during the refeeding phase. It seems that central and peripheral alterations in endocrine function occur in anorexia nervosa.
Performance of a front-end preamplifier with a digital output for semiconductor detectors (2002)

In several areas, it is necessary to digitise the output of a radiation detector for subsequent processing. Examples of such systems include amorphous silicon active matrix image arrays and CdZnTe spectrometers. This paper discusses a preamplifier that is designed to satisfy such applications. The buffered and inverted outputs from the detector are fed via a multiplexor to a current integrator whose output is monitored by two comparators. Using a J-K flip-flop, the comparator outputs control the direction of current passed to the integrator. The result is a frequency modulated logic pulse train that can be counted to determine the integral detector signal. The minimum time between pulses gives the peak slew-rate of the detector signal. An analysis of the circuit is presented to indicate the constraints on its performance.
The Effect of Glucose-Insulin-Potassium (GIK) Infusion on Cardiovascular Function and Inflammation: Results from a Phase 1 Pilot Interventional Trial (2015)

Background: Intensive versus less stringent glucose control does not confer significant benefits in critical illness. However, insulin may have beneficial effects apart from its role in glucose homeostasis. Methods: Pilot, open-label, non-randomized study of glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) infusion versus saline placebo in vasopressor dependent septic shock designed to test feasibility, safety, and preliminary efficacy. Inflammatory and endothelial biomarkers were measured before, during, and following treatment. Sidestream dark-field video microscopy and transthorasic echocardiograms were completed prior to and during treatment. Results: 9 patients were enrolled, 4 in the placebo and 5 in the GIK arm. Patients exhibited hyperglycemia at the start of infusion that normalized over time. Inflammatory biomarkers were non-significantly lower (p =0.05-0.25) in the interventional arm following treatment, while some endothelial biomarkers, most notably t-PAI (p = 0.02) were lower in the GIK arm. The microcirculatory measures non-significantly improved in the GIK arm compared to the placebo arm (p = 0.13-0.48). No differences in cardiac function nor vasopressor cessation were noted. Conclusion: GIK infusion is feasible but may cause hyperglycemia. There are potential beneficial effects on inflammation, endothelial activation, and microvasculature independent of macrovascular function. Further investigation of GIK and mechanisms driving these findings may be warranted. Keywords: Endothelium, GIK, insulin, microcirculation, sepsis.
Unusual Approach to Branched 3-Alkynylamides and to 1,5-Dihydropyrrol-2-ones (2010)

Rare carboxamide branched alkynes such as 11a can be readily obtained by reaction of the electrophilic 4-alkylidene isoxazolinones with isocycanides followed by nitrosative cleavage of the heterocyclic ring. N-Iodosuccinimide induced ring closure in the presence of a nucleophile results in the formation of new iodopyrrolinones such as 16c.
Comparative structural and electrical analysis of NiO and Ti doped NiO as materials for resistance random access memory (2008)

In order to investigate the mechanism behind bistable resistance switching in NiO thin films, we have done detailed x-ray photon spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction Analysis (XRD) on NiO and Ti doped NiO samples fabricated under various conditions. We discovered that a high initial resistivity was required for samples to undergo bistable resistance switching, and the presence of metallic Ni content in these samples was determined by XPS. XRD data also showed that NiO grown with a relative (200) orientation was preferred over those grown with relative (111) orientation.
Subseabed disposal transportation system (1980)

Transportation requirements and interfaces are being considered in the evaluation of the seabed disposal option. Technical direction and planning are on-going to ensure the development of major transportation systems in support of the seabed disposal option. Factors which affect the risk and effectiveness of transportation are being included in site selection criteria. However, detailed development of port facilities and transport/emplacement equipment is still several years into the future. (DMC)
Alternative Proposal for Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) Extensions for TCP Allocations (2009)

This document proposes an alternative to the Traversal Using Relays
around NAT (TURN) Extensions for TCP Allocations [I-D.ietf-behave-
turn-tcp] document.
Subwavelength Polarization Optics Using Helical Travelling-Wave Nanoantennas (2019)

International audience
National Cancer Institute Think-Tank Meeting Report on Proteomic Cartography and Biomarkers at the Single-Cell Level: Interrogation of Premalignant Lesions (2020)

A Think-Tank Meeting was convened by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to solicit experts' opinion on the development and application of multiomic single-cell analyses, and especially single-cell proteomics, to improve the development of a new generation of biomarkers for cancer risk, early detection, diagnosis, and prognosis as well as to discuss the discovery of new targets for prevention and therapy. It is anticipated that such markers and targets will be based on cellular, subcellular, molecular, and functional aberrations within the lesion and within individual cells. Single-cell proteomic data will be essential for the establishment of new tools with searchable and scalable features that include spatial and temporal cartographies of premalignant and malignant lesions. Challenges and potential solutions that were discussed included (i) The best way/s to analyze single-cells from fresh and preserved tissue; (ii) Detection and analysis of secreted molecules and from single cells, especially from a tissue slice; (iii) Detection of new, previously undocumented cell type/s in the premalignant and early stage cancer tissue microenvironment; (iv) Multiomic integration of data to support and inform proteomic measurements; (v) Subcellular organelles-identifying abnormal structure, function, distribution, and location within individual premalignant and malignant cells; (vi) How to improve the dynamic range of single-cell proteomic measurements for discovery of differentially expressed proteins and their post-translational modifications (PTM); (vii) The depth of coverage measured concurrently using single-cell techniques; (viii) Quantitation - absolute or semiquantitative? (ix) Single methodology or multiplexed combinations? (x) Application of analytical methods for identification of biologically significant subsets; (xi) Data visualization of <i>N</i>-dimensional data sets; (xii) How to construct intercellular signaling networks in individual cells within premalignant tumor microenvironments (TME); (xiii) Associations between intrinsic cellular processes and extrinsic stimuli; (xiv) How to predict cellular responses to stress-inducing stimuli; (xv) Identification of new markers for prediction of progression from precursor, benign, and localized lesions to invasive cancer, based on spatial and temporal changes within individual cells; (xvi) Identification of new targets for immunoprevention or immunotherapy-identification of neoantigens and surfactome of individual cells within a lesion.