gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Figure S1 from Whole-Exome Sequencing of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma Indicates Monoclonality with Associated Ductal Carcinoma Component (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental figure S1&lt;/p&gt;
Perceptual quantization for predictive coding of images (1999)

In this paper, we propose a new perceptual quantization method for predictive coding of images, where the quantization step size is adaptively changed according to the perceptibility of the distortion incurred to the current pixel. We measure the perceptibility using only the previously reconstructed samples which are also available at the decoder, so that any quantization-related overhead information does not need to be transmitted to the decoder. The proposed method can also provide the lossless concatenated coding property when applied to multigeneration of images since the same information on the perceptibility is available at the second time encoding. experiments show that the proposed perceptual quantization method provides much better subjective picture quality than the non-perceptual one when applied to the JPEG-LS standard.
Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, and Main Metabolites in Biological Samples: A Review (2022)

Bioanalytical methods are used to quantify drugs and their metabolites in biological samples in order to determine bioequivalence, perform pharmacokinetic and bioavailability studies, and complete therapeutic drug monitoring. The objective of this review paper is to describe bioanalytical methods based on Liquid Chromatography that are used to quantify antitubercular drugs and their metabolites in different biological samples, utilizing scientific literature from 1992 to 2021.
Callipeltoside A: Assignment of Absolute and Relative Configuration by Total Synthesis (2002)

Eine Serie von hoch stereospezifischen Reaktionen wurde für die Totalsynthese von Callipeltosid A 1 ausgeführt, was die Zuordnung der absoluten und relativen Konfiguration ermöglichte. a) Schmidt-Glycosilierung, b) Ru-Alder-En-Kupplung, c) Emmons-Wadsworth-Horner-Olefinierung, d) auxiliargesteuerte asymmetrische Alkylierung, e) asymmetrische allylische Pd-Alkylierung. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.angewandte.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Comparative in Operando Studies in Heterogeneous Catalysis: Atomic and Electronic Structural Features in the Hydrogenation of Ethylene over Supported Pd and Pt Catalysts (2015)

Abstract Review: 111 refs.
Cyclic Adenosine 3′:5′-Monophosphate and Cyclic Guanosine 3′:5′-Monophosphate Phosphodiesterase Activities Are under Separate Genetic Control (1974)

Abstract Agents that raise cyclic adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) levels in chicken embryonic fibroblasts increase cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity. Cyclic guanosine 3':5'-monophosphate (cyclic GMP) phosphodiesterase activity is not increased indicating that these enzyme activities are under separate regulation. The increase in cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity requires cellular protein and RNA synthesis, and the regulation of induction probably occurs at the transcriptional level. The induced cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity is very unstable. The enzyme activity decays from the induced level with a half-life of 70 to 80 min. Increased enzyme activity is found in both the particulate and soluble cell fractions. The particulate enzyme can be solubilized by sonic disruption. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of the solubilized enzyme yields two fractions that hydrolyze cyclic AMP. Induction causes an increase in the activity of the second fraction. Neither of the particulate enzymes hydrolyze cyclic GMP. DEAE-cellulose chromatography of the soluble enzyme also yields two fractions. The first peak hydrolyzes both cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP and the second only cyclic AMP. Induction increases the activity of the second fraction. Chicken embryonic fibroblasts thus contain mechanisms for effectively modulating cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase activity via protein synthesis and enzyme turnover. Cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase activity is not affected by this regulatory scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: New Tandem Radical Cyclizations Directed Toward the Synthesis of Crinipellin A. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sapelenin G, a new acyclic triterpenoid from the stem bark of Entandrophragma cylindricum (2008)

A new acyclic triterpenoid, sapelenin G (1) was isolated from the stem bark of Entandrophragma cylindricum. Its structure was determined from spectroscopic data and by chemical transformation. Keywords: Entandrophragma cylindricum, sapelenin; Meliaceae, acyclic triterpenoid. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences Vol. 1 (3) 2007: pp. 293-296
Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS) Studies of Solution Mixtures in the Low Frequency Raman Region (2019)

Raman spectra of a series of binary solution mixtures, including chloroform (CHCl<sub>3</sub>), ethanol (EtOH), and 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), were analyzed using the two-dimensional correlation spectroscopic (2D-COS) technique in the low frequency region. Numerous asynchronous cross-peaks ubiquitously appeared in the concentration-dependent Raman spectra of these organic solvent mixtures. The result clearly demonstrated a deviation from ideal solution behavior, reflecting the presence of specific molecular interactions causing a subtle nonlinear spectral intensity response of Raman bands to the concentration changes. Furthermore, the combination of 2D-COS and low frequency Raman spectroscopy was extended to poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate-<i>co</i>-(R)-3-hydroxyhexanoate] (PHBHx) copolymer solutions in CHCl<sub>3</sub>-HFIP co-solvents. The results suggest the existence of hydrogen bonding interaction between the PHBHx and HFIP, which is consistent with the previous infrared spectroscopic study of PHBHx solutions.
Nickel-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] dienyne cycloadditions: an efficient new method for the synthesis of polycycles containing cyclohexa-1,4-dienes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 2] dienyne cycloadditions: an efficient new method for the synthesis of polycycles containing cyclohexa-1,4-dienesPaul A. Wender and Thomas E. JenkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 16, 6432–6434Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00198a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00198a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1436Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inferring the orientation of texture from polarization parameters (2009)

It is shown that once the diffusely scattered polarization properties are calibrated, the texture orientation can be calculated directly from diattenuation and retardance. Polarization scattering properties are studied for a rough aluminum surface with one-dimensional rough texture and well-defined orientation. Functions of Mueller matrix elements related to sample orientation about the normal via the arctangent function are investigated. The Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function is measured for a linearly sanded aluminum sample. Sinusoidal fits to the Mueller matrix show that the angular orientation of the data can be recovered explicitly from its properties.
A New Communications API (2009)

We present NetAPI, a flexible communications interface. Although the ubiquitous Sockets API lets applications select among a number of mechanisms to accomplish networking tasks, it binds them tightly to their chosen mechanisms. Consequently, the network stack has little freedom in selecting the best protocols and mechanisms for each application, and innovating below the API is extremely difficult. NetAPI allows applications to specify their communication intents against an abstract interface that hides implementation mechanisms, encouraging innovation below the API. Application intents are combined with user policies and environmental conditions to let the network meet application goals in varied ways. We describe the design of NetAPI, comparing it to other system APIs that have supported evolution. We have also implemented a prototype of NetAPI called PANTS for the iPhone platform. We show that PANTS can provide innovative mobile networking features, such as disconnection tolerance, content quality adjustment and powersaving policies, without application modifications.
Honeycomb Polymer Film (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Formation and Annihilation of Hydrogen Related Donor States in Proton Implanted and Subsequently Plasma Hydrogenated N-Type Float Zone Silicon (2008)

The formation of hydrogen-related donor states was studied in proton-implanted and hydrogen plasma-treated Float-Zone silicon. H-implantations were executed at energies of 1 or 3 MeV, and fluences of 1x10E14 1/cm2. 13.56-MHz RF-plasma hydrogenations were done at 150 W for 15 min or 1 hour at substrate temperatures between 350 C and 500 C. Analysis was done by two-point-probe spreading-resistance measurements. H-plasma exposure for 15 min caused an enhanced donor concentration close to the projected ion range Rp. The donor states can be related to hydrogenated vacancy defects. Near the wafer surface n-type doping is also enhanced. Applying higher substrate temperatures (&gt; 400 C) during plasma exposure, acceptor-like states overcompensate for the enhanced n-type doping near the surface. After 1-hour H-plasma exposure excessive donor states in the wafers subsurface region are completely annealed. At the surface n-type doping is still overcompensated for by acceptor-like defects attributed to hydrogenated vacancy defect clusters.
Vegetable Oils and Fats (2018)

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End‐group modification of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) and in situ synthesis of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether)‐b‐poly(ethylene terephthalate) block copolymer (2008)

Abstract The preparation of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether)‐ b ‐poly(ethylene terephthalate) block copolymer was performed by the reaction of the 2‐hydroxyethyl modified poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) (PPE‐EtOH) with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) by an in situ process, during the synthesis of the polyester. The yield of the reaction of the 2‐hydroxyethyl functionalized PPE‐EtOH with PET was close to 100%. A significant proportion of the PET‐ b ‐PPE‐EtOH block copolymer was found to have short PET block. Nevertheless, the copolymer structured in the shape of micelles (20 nm diameter) and very small domains with 50–200 nm diameter, whereas unmodified PPE formed much larger domains (1.5 μm) containing copolymer. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 3985–3991, 2008
Recent Advances and Future Challenges in 2.5D/3D Heterogeneous Integration (Invited) (2021)

Summary form only given, as follows. The complete presentation was not made available for publication as part of the conference proceedings. We will review the recent advances in chiplet-based commercial products and prototypes. Most chiplet usage has been confined to integrating die designed by the same organization applied to building chips for the same product types. The right approach should be able to reduce portfolio costs, scale innovation and improve time to solution. It is important to manage the associated trade-offs, such as thermal, power, I/O escapes, assembly, test, etc. We will conclude the talk by presenting the future 2.xD/3D integration opportunities becoming available.
A New Zincosilicate Zeolite with Nine‐Ring Channels (1995)

The spiro-5 building block 1 is an unusual arrangement of five [TO4] tetrahedra (T  Si, Zn) to give two three-rings of tetrahedra. This building unit is the backbone of the partial structure of the tetrahedral framework of the new zincosilicate zeolite 2. The nonframework components Na+, K+, and H2O likewise form a three-dimensional network, which contributes considerably to the stability of 2.
PRISM: application to the solution of two protein structures (1993)

The previous paper described a phase-refinement strategy for protein crystallography which exploited the information that proteins consist of connected linear chains of atoms. Here the method is applied to a molecular-replacement problem, the structure of the protease inhibitor ecotin bound to trypsin, and a single isomorphous replacement problem, the structure of the N-terminal domain of apolipoprotein E. The starting phases for the ecotin-trypsin complex were based on a partial model (trypsin) containing 61% of the atoms in the complex. Iterative skeletonization gave better results than either solvent flattening or twofold non-crystallographic symmetry averaging as measured by the reduction in the free R factor [Brünger (1992). Nature (London), 355, 472-474]. Protection of the trypsin density during the course of the refinement greatly improved the performance of both skeletonizing and solvent flattening. In the case of apolipoprotein E, previous attempts using solvent flattening had failed to improve the SIR phases to the point of obtaining an interpretable map. The combination of iterative skeletonization and solvent flattening decreased the phase error with respect to the final refined structure, significantly more than solvent flattening alone. The final maps generated by the skeletonization procedure for both the ecotin-trypsin complex and apolipoprotein E were readily interpretable.
Complex constrained CRB and its application to semi-blind MIMO and OFDM channel estimation (2005)

We derive an expression for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) on the covariance of unbiased estimators of a constrained complex parameter vector and demonstrate key applications of the theory. In the first part, motivated by the result in A. van den Bos et al. (1994) we introduce an important extension to the set of constraints on the complex parameters. This extension then leads to a simple expression for the complex constrained CRB similar to the result in P. Stoica et al. (1998). This CRB framework is employed in the context of estimation of a wireless channel matrix H. We demonstrate that the channel estimation error lower bound is directly proportional to the number of unconstrained parameters in H. The usefulness of these results is illustrated by their application to two different estimation problems arising in wireless communications. The first is whitening-rotation based semi-blind MIMO channel estimation and the second pertains to time versus frequency domain channel estimation in OFDM systems.
Modal noise investigation in multimode polymer waveguides (2007)

In this work the recent interest in waveguides for use in short optical links has motivated a study of the modal noise dependence on launch conditions in short-reach step-index multimode polymer waveguides. Short optical links, especially those with several connection interfaces and utilising a restricted launch are likely to be subject to a modal noise power penalty. We therefore experimentally study the modal noise impact of restricted launches for a short-reach optical link employing a 50 x 50 &mu;m polymer multimode waveguide. Lens launches resulting in small diameter input spots are investigated as are restricted launches from an 8 &mu;m core optical fibre. For a launch spot of 10 &mu;m diameter no impairment is observed for up to 9 dBo of mode selective loss, and for a fibre launch with a dynamic input movement of 6 &mu;m no impairment is seen for up to 8 dBo of mode selective loss.
Frequent post-treatment monitoring of colorectal cancer using individualized ctDNA validated by multi-regional molecular profiling (2020)

Abstract Purpose Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis has been proposed as an approach for prediction of post-treatment patient outcomes. However, whether a single platform will provide optimal information in all patients or alternatively a patient-specific monitoring approach based on assessment of mutations in the primary tumor from that patient remains an urgent question. Experimental Design: We conducted multiregional sequencing of 42 specimens of 14 colorectal tumors (Stage III and more) from 12 patients, including two double cancer cases, to identify the full spectrum of mutational heterogeneity and identify aberrations that could be used to develop personalized ctDNA assays. Results “Founder” mutations that occur in all regions of the sample were identified in 12/14 (85.7%) tumors. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of each tumor showed that 12/14 tumors (85.7%) carried at least one “truncal” mutation. Most founder and truncal mutations exhibited higher variant allele frequency (VAF) than “non-founder” and “branch” mutations. In addition, both founder and truncal mutations were more likely to be detected as ctDNA than non-founder and branch mutations. Synchronized ctDNA dynamics of multiple mutations suggested those mutations from the same clonal origin. For 10/12 patients (83.3%) with nearly 1,000 days of post-operative observation, the validity of frequent personalized ctDNA monitoring was confirmed in terms of early relapse prediction, treatment efficacy, and non-relapse corroboration. Conclusions Personalized ctDNA monitoring based on aberrations with a high VAF in the primary tumor site should be explored in larger prospective clinical trials to determine the full clinical validity. Translational relevance Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has been reported to be a new class of tumor-specific personalized biomarkers, but the selection criteria of index gene mutations from heterogeneous tumors as well as the achievement of sufficient sensitivity remain a challenge. Among mutations detected by multiregional sequencing, we monitored mutations with high variant allele frequencies (VAFs) from advanced colorectal cancers. Clinical validity of longitudinal ctDNA monitoring using highly-sensitive digital PCR was evaluated in terms of: (a) early relapse prediction; (b) treatment efficacy evaluation; and (c) no relapse corroboration. We found that ctDNA from high VAF mutations of a tumor are likely to be founder/truncal mutations. Based on rigorous longitudinal monitoring, our results suggest that sensitivity required the VAF to be 0.01-0.1%. The ctDNA from high VAF mutations strongly reflects tumor burden in a timely manner, thereby establishing clinical validity as a new class of tumor-specific personalized biomarkers.
Distortion of a broadband-intensity signal during its transmission through a chain of lumped amplifiers due to their saturation (1991)

Experiments on soliton pulse transmission through optical fiber on the distance of up to 10000 km [1] confirm the possibility of realization of ultra long high-bit-rate soliton communication systems. At the present moment it seems most reliable to compensate the optical fiber losses with the help of lumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, periodically placed along all the transmission distance. As the value of the erbium fiber amplifier saturation power is not very high (~ 0.5 mW), than the influence of the amplifier saturation could affect on the signal transmission in the soliton regime [2]. The amplifier saturation in soliton communication systems could result in decreasing of the soliton sequence signal-noise ratio. This effect can be accumulated after transmission through a large number of amplifiers (&gt; 300 for L ≈ 10000 km [1]).
Genetic interactions contribute less than additive effects to quantitative trait variation in yeast (2015)

Abstract Genetic mapping studies of quantitative traits typically focus on detecting loci that contribute additively to trait variation. Genetic interactions are often proposed as a contributing factor to trait variation, but the relative contribution of interactions to trait variation is a subject of debate. Here, we use a very large cross between two yeast strains to accurately estimate the fraction of phenotypic variance due to pairwise QTL-QTL interactions for 20 quantitative traits. We find that this fraction is 9% on average, substantially less than the contribution of additive QTL (43%). Statistically significant QTL-QTL pairs typically have small individual effect sizes, but collectively explain 40% of the pairwise interaction variance. We show that pairwise interaction variance is largely explained by pairs of loci at least one of which has a significant additive effect. These results refine our understanding of the genetic architecture of quantitative traits and help guide future mapping studies.
Theory for selective-vibrational-dephasing experiments with the use of transient stimulated Raman scattering in high laser depletion (1983)

A theory for selective-vibrational-dephasing experiments using transient stimulated Raman scattering in high laser depletion is presented. The transient stimulated Raman scattering equations are numerically solved including laser depletion for homogeneously and inhomogeneously broadened vibrational line shapes. A detailed account of the effects of low and high laser depletion on the vibrational amplitudes is given. An interpretation for excite-and-probe vibrational-dephasing experiments undertaken in the low- and high-laser-depletion regimes is developed. For a collinear laser probe pulse, high depletion of the excitation laser pulse leads to enhanced coherent Stokes probe scattering from one vibrational subgroup in the inhomogeneously broadened line shape. This selective scattering is greatly dependent upon the excitation laser pulse width and the off-resonance frequency of the vibrational subgroup. The enhanced selectivity in high laser depletion allows the homogeneous dephasing time ${T}_{2}$ to be measured to a high level of accuracy.