gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetics of Anionic Ring-Opening Polymerization of Variously Substituted β-Lactams: Homopolymerization and Copolymerization (2010)

Nylon-3 copolymers generated via ring-opening polymerization of β-lactams have recently been shown to function as selective antibacterial agents or as chemoattractants that can induce fibroblasts to attach to surfaces. Understanding the molecular basis of these activities and developing improved materials requires knowledge of the relative reactivities of different β-lactams, which influence subunit distribution patterns within polymer chains. The homopolymerization of a cyclooctyl β-lactam (2) in the presence of a strong base and imide co-initiator was studied using both gas chromatography (GC) and in situ infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The rate of this anionic ring-opening polymerization reaction exhibits a first-order dependence on the β-lactam and co-initiator concentrations and a zero-order dependence on the base concentration. Analogous studies of four other β-lactams, bearing various substituents [cyclohexyl (1), cyclododecyl (3), and Boc-protected amino groups (4, 5)], revealed that different monomers exhibit significantly different homopolymerization rates. Binary copolymerizations of four β-lactam pairs (1 + 4, 2 + 3, 2 + 4, and 2 + 5), several of which lead to biologically active amphiphilic copolymers, were investigated by GC. In each of the copolymerizations, except for 2 + 3, the two β-lactams were consumed at different rates, leading to compositional drift within the resulting polymers (i.e., variable subunit distribution along the length of the polymer chains). The copolymerization rates of 2 + 3 and 2 + 4 exhibited a monotonic dependence on the starting β-lactam composition, whereas the copolymerization of 1 + 4 and 2 + 5 was slower than either of the respective β-lactam homopolymerizations. Three methods (Fineman−Ross, Kelen−Tudos, and Mayo−Lewis) were employed to determine the reactivity ratios of these β-lactam pairs at low conversions. This analysis confirms that the copolymers obtained from 1 + 4, 2 + 4, or 2 + 5 are characterized by some extent of compositional drift, while poly(2 + 3) is an ideally random copolymer. These results provide valuable insights pertinent to the molecular structure of amphiphilic nylon-3 copolymers that exhibit bioactivity.
Impact of Completeness of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Revascularization on Long-Term Outcomes in the Stent Era (2006)

IR with stenting is associated with an adverse impact on long-term mortality, and consideration should be given to either achieving CR, opting for surgery, or monitoring percutaneous coronary intervention patients with IR more closely after discharge.
A Solution Processed Amorphous InGaZnO Thin-Film Transistor-Based Dosimeter for Gamma-Ray Detection and Its Reliability (2021)

Metal oxide semiconductors proved their usabil-ity in environmental monitoring applications and are consid-ered successful in detecting ionizing radiation. This workreports the feasibility of solution-processed metal oxidesemiconductor thin-film transistors for radiation sensing forthe first time. In particular, the effects of a wide range ofgamma radiation (100Gy to 10kGy) on the performance ofsolution-processed amorphous Indium-Gallium-Zinc-Oxide(a-IGZO) transistors are investigated. The current-voltage (IV)characterization (both output and transfer characteristics) ofIGZO-TFTs before and after irradiation are obtained to studydifferent parameters. The radiation-induced changes in TFTare mainly observed in the threshold voltage shift (Δ V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> )andthe increase of subthreshold swing. It is observed that up toa total dose of 1kGy, threshold voltage increases negatively(Vth=-1.8V at 1 kGy), and beyond 1 kGy, thresholdvoltage increases positively (Δ V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> =0.8V at 10 kGy). TheXRD and AFM data of IGZO thin-film suggests minor structuraland morphological changes after exposure to gamma irradiation. The corresponding sensitivity obtained with gammairradiation is 27.78 mV/Gy (100Gy-1kGy), expressed in the threshold voltage shift. The effects of radiation-induced changes in TFTs are completely removed after storing irradiated TFTs in the vacuum at room temperature for 6 months.
Structure of a methyldiazo complex of tungsten, (.eta.5-C5H5)W(CO)2(N2CH3), at low temperature (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStructure of a methyldiazo complex of tungsten, (.eta.5-C5H5)W(CO)2(N2CH3), at low temperatureGregory L. Hillhouse, Barry L. Haymore, and Wolfgang A. HerrmannCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1979, 18, 9, 2423–2426Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50199a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50199a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Isolation and Expansion of Lymphocytes Infiltrating Human Renal Tumors Using Recombinant Interleukin-2; Possible Application for Clinical Use (1987)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Jun 1987The Isolation and Expansion of Lymphocytes Infiltrating Human Renal Tumors Using Recombinant Interleukin-2; Possible Application for Clinical Use Arie Belldegrun, and Steven A. Rosenberg Arie BelldegrunArie Belldegrun More articles by this author , and Steven A. RosenbergSteven A. Rosenberg More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)75622-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "The Isolation and Expansion of Lymphocytes Infiltrating Human Renal Tumors Using Recombinant Interleukin-2; Possible Application for Clinical Use." The Journal of Urology, 137(6), p. 221A © 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 137Issue 6June 1987Page: 221A Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1987 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Arie Belldegrun More articles by this author Steven A. Rosenberg More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE IN AlGaN/GaN HETEROSTRUCTURE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS AND METAL OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTORS (2001)

The dependence of the 1/f noise on 2D electron concentration in the channel n Ch of AlGaN/GaN Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors and Metal Oxide Semiconductor Heterostructure Field Effect Transistors has been studied and compared. The dependencies of Hooge parameter α Ch for the noise sources located in the channel of the transistors on sheet electron concentration are found identical for both types of devices. The increase of the Hooge parameter α Ch with the decrease of the channel concentration observed in both types of devices confirms that the noise sources are located in the region under the gate in the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure and that electron tunneling from the 2D electron gas into the traps in GaN or AlGaN layers is a probable noise mechanism.
Synthesis of mono‐cationic and dicationic analogs of hoechst 33258 (1996)

Abstract The synthesis of fourteen mono‐cationic and six dicationic analogs of Hoechst 33258 is described. The monocationic benzimiazoles 7a‐7g and the dicationic benzimidazoles 9a‐9c are obtained in five steps starting from 4‐acetamidobenzonitrile. The monocationic bis‐benzimiazoles 12a‐12g are synthesized in four steps starting from 4‐amino‐3‐nitrobenzonitrile. The dicationic bis‐benzimiazoles 17a‐17c are obtained in six steps starting from 4‐amino‐3‐nitrobenzonitrile.
Acetylcholine receptor clustering is triggered by a change in the density of a nonreceptor molecule. (1990)

Acetylcholine receptors become clustered at the neuromuscular junction during synaptogenesis, at least in part via lateral migration of diffusely expressed receptors. We have shown previously that electric fields initiate a specific receptor clustering event which is dependent on lateral migration in aneural muscle cell cultures (Stollberg, J., and S. E. Fraser. 1988. J. Cell Biol. 107:1397-1408). Subsequent work with this model system ruled out the possibility that the clustering event was triggered by increasing the receptor density beyond a critical threshold (Stollberg, J., and S. E. Fraser. 1990. J. Neurosci. 10:247-255). This leaves two possibilities: the clustering event could be triggered by the field-induced change in the density of some other molecule, or by a membrane voltage-sensitive mechanism (e.g., a voltage-gated calcium signal). Electromigration is a slow, linear process, while voltage-sensitive mechanisms respond in a rapid, nonlinear fashion. Because of this the two possibilities make different predictions about receptor clustering behavior in response to pulsed or alternating electric fields. In the present work we have studied subcellular calcium distributions, as well as receptor clustering, in response to such fields. Subcellular calcium distributions were quantified and found to be consistent with the predicted nonlinear response. Receptor clustering, however, behaves in accordance with the predictions of a linear response, consistent with the electromigration hypothesis. The experiments demonstrate that a local increase in calcium, or, more generally, a voltage-sensitive mechanism, is not sufficient and probably not necessary to trigger receptor clustering. Experiments with slowly alternating electric fields confirm the view that the clustering of acetylcholine receptors is initiated by a local change in the density of some non-receptor molecule.
Dual energy chest x-ray for improved COVID-19 detection using a dual-layer flat-panel detector: simulation and phantom studies (2021)

Chest radiography (CXR) plays an important role in triage, management, and monitoring of patients with COVID-19. In this work, we use a dual-layer (DL) flat-panel detector to perform artifact-free single-exposure DE CXR for COVID-19 detection. A simulation study was performed to generate DE CXRs from CT volumes of 13 patients diagnosed with COVID-19, which were compared with simulated conventional CXR by two chest radiologists. A phantom study was also conducted using an anthropomorphic chest phantom with synthetic opacifications. Improved visualization of opacities was observed for DE CXRs in both studies, indicating that the proposed DL detector could be a powerful new tool for COVID-19 diagnosis and patient management.
The Influenza Virus Protein PB1-F2 Interacts with IKKβ and Modulates NF-κB Signalling (2013)

PB1-F2, a protein encoded by a second open reading frame of the influenza virus RNA segment 2, has emerged as a modulator of lung inflammatory responses but the molecular mechanisms underlying this are only poorly understood. Here we show that PB1-F2 inhibits the activation of NF-κB dependent signalling pathways in luciferase reporter assays. PB1-F2 proteins from four different viruses interact with IKKβ in yeast two-hybrid assays and by co-immunoprecipitation. PB1-F2 expression did not inhibit IKKβ kinase activity or NF-κB translocation into the nucleus, but NF-κB binding to DNA was severely impaired in PB1-F2 transfected cells as assessed by Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay. Neither the N-terminal 57 amino acid truncated forms nor the C-terminus of PB1-F2 were able to inhibit NF-κB dependent signalling, indicating that the full length protein is necessary for the inhibition.
A theory of excitation–energy transfer regarded as nonadiabatic transition and its comparison to Förster's theory (2001)

Abstract We propose a rate‐constant expression for an excitation–energy transfer between two molecules that is regarded as a nonadiabatic transition between two adiabatic electronic states. It is shown that under weak intermolecular interaction the approximately derived rate constant increases with the increase in pseudo‐Coulombic interaction \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\langle \phi_{e}^{A}\phi_{g}^{B}|H|\phi_{g}^{A}\phi_{e}^{B}\rangle_{\mathbf{r}}$\end{document} and depends on the differences in the potential energies and the potential derivatives of the initial and final electronic states. In addition, the rate constant under strong interaction is shown to decrease with increasing pseudo‐Coulombic interaction. We show that our expression has the advantage that it can be applied to the excitation–energy transfer under the (not very) weak and the strong coupling limits which cannot be addressed by Förster's theory. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2001
Melittin liposomes surface modified with poloxamer 188: in vitro characterization and in vivo evaluation. (2011)

Melittin liposomes surface modified with poloxamer 188 were developed, and the effect of poloxamer 188 was investigated with regard to anti-cancer effect and vascular stimulation. Melittin liposomes surface modified with poloxamer 188 at different concentrations (0%, 2%, and 5%) were prepared using the adsorption method, followed by in vitro characterization, including entrapment efficiency, zeta potential, particle size, and morphology. Subsequently, the influence of repeated freeze-thawing on the liposomes was investigated, and the effect of poloxamer 188 on the repeated freeze-thawing process was explored. Vascular stimulation effects of MLT, and MLT liposome that surface coated with or without poloxamer were all studied. Pharmacokinetics of the different MLT preparations were determined and the anticancer activity of the MLT formulations was investigated. The particle size of the liposomes gradually increased with increasing poloxamer 188 content, while the entrapment efficiency did not change significantly. After the first freeze-thaw cycle, size and PDI were both markedly reduced, entrapment efficiency rose, and there was no significant change of zeta potential. The vascular irritation caused by MLT could be reduced to an extent by encapsulation in liposome, but not completely eliminated, while liposomes coated with poloxamer 188 can effectively abolish the phenomenon. Melittin liposomes with surface modified by poloxamer exhibit enhanced bioavailability, effective anticancer activity, and reduced side effects compared with melittin solution. Poloxamer plays an important role in melittin liposomes.
Modeling and Analysis of a Novel Variable-Speed Cage Induction Generator (2011)

This paper introduces a novel cage induction generator and presents a mathematical model, through which its behavior can be accurately predicted. The proposed generator system employs a three-phase cage induction machine and generates single-phase and constant-frequency electricity at varying rotor speeds without an intermediate inverter stage. The technique uses any one of the three stator phases of the machine as the excitation winding and the remaining two phases, which are connected in series, as the power winding. The two-series-connected-and-one-isolated (TSCAOI) phase winding configuration magnetically decouples the two sets of windings, enabling independent control. Electricity is generated through the power winding at both sub- and super-synchronous speeds with appropriate excitation to the isolated single winding at any frequency of generation. A dynamic mathematical model, which accurately predicts the behavior of the proposed generator, is also presented and implemented in MATLAB/Simulink. Experimental results of a 2-kW prototype generator under various operating conditions are presented, together with theoretical results, to demonstrate the viability of the TSCAOI power generation. The proposed generator is simple and capable of both storage and retrieval of energy through its excitation winding and is expected to be suitable for applications, such as small wind turbines and microhydro systems.
Seeds of hope; seeds of conflict. (2003)

This chapter discusses the early history of the role of seeds in agriculture; the development and progress in seed research; seed molecular biology; and seed biotechnology and the controversies associated with it.
Concept of energy management for advanced smart-grid power distribution system in aeronautical application (2016)

The paper presents the state of the art and the future trend of the Energy Management. The “Energy Management” term is often used to indicate one or more techniques adopted in the new more electric aircraft, to avoid the generator overload. The designer can use four different approaches, or a combination of them to reduce the over sizing of the generators. The first method regulate the energy exchanged between sources in order to share the power between them. The second method uses storage elements (battery or supercap) to limit the peak power. This elements are connected to the power bus through DC/DC converters that are in charge of the power flux regulation and work like active filters. The third method regulate the loads, or switch them ON/OFF limiting the generator overload. The last method works with the fast reconfigurable network and distribute loads between sources in order to charge each generator within its capability. Some example of experimental works are also provided in the work.
Click‐Assembled, Oxygen‐Sensing Nanoconjugates for Depth‐Resolved, Near‐Infrared Imaging in a 3 D Cancer Model (2014)

Hypoxia is an important contributing factor to the development of drug-resistant cancer, yet few nonperturbative tools exist for studying oxygenation in tissues. While progress has been made in the development of chemical probes for optical oxygen mapping, penetration of such molecules into poorly perfused or avascular tumor regions remains problematic. A click-assembled oxygen-sensing (CAOS) nanoconjugate is reported and its properties demonstrated in an in vitro 3D spheroid cancer model. The synthesis relies on the sequential click-based ligation of poly(amidoamine)-like subunits for rapid assembly. Near-infrared confocal phosphorescence microscopy was used to demonstrate the ability of the CAOS nanoconjugates to penetrate hundreds of micrometers into spheroids within hours and to show their sensitivity to oxygen changes throughout the nodule. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a modular approach that is readily extensible to a wide variety of oxygen and cellular sensors for depth-resolved imaging in tissue and tissue models.
Particle-Mediated Histotripsy for the Targeted Treatment of Intraluminal Biofilms in Catheter-Based Medical Devices (2022)

<i>Objective</i>. This paper is an initial work towards developing particle-mediated histotripsy (PMH) as a novel method of treating catheter-based medical device (CBMD) intraluminal biofilms. <i>Impact Statement</i>. CBMDs commonly become infected with bacterial biofilms leading to medical device failure, infection, and adverse patient outcomes. <i>Introduction</i>. Histotripsy is a noninvasive focused ultrasound ablation method that was recently proposed as a novel method to remove intraluminal biofilms. Here, we explore the potential of combining histotripsy with acoustically active particles to develop a PMH approach that can noninvasively remove biofilms without the need for high acoustic pressures or real-time image guidance for targeting. <i>Methods</i>. Histotripsy cavitation thresholds in catheters containing either gas-filled microbubbles (MBs) or fluid-filled nanocones (NCs) were determined. The ability of these particles to sustain cavitation over multiple ultrasound pulses was tested after a series of histotripsy exposures. Next, the ability of PMH to generate selective intraluminal cavitation without generating extraluminal cavitation was tested. Finally, the biofilm ablation and bactericidal capabilities of PMH were tested using both MBs and NCs. <i>Results</i>. PMH significantly reduced the histotripsy cavitation threshold, allowing for selective luminal cavitation for both MBs and NCs. Results further showed PMH successfully removed intraluminal biofilms in Tygon catheters. Finally, results from bactericidal experiments showed minimal reduction in bacteria viability. <i>Conclusion</i>. The results of this study demonstrate the potential for PMH to provide a new modality for removing bacterial biofilms from CBMDs and suggest that additional work is warranted to develop histotripsy and PMH for treatment of CBMD intraluminal biofilms.
Hybrid quantum nanophotonic devices for coupling to rare-earth ions (2015)

With an assortment of narrow line-width transitions spanning the visible and IR spectrum and long spin coherence times, rare-earth doped crystals are the leading material system for solid-state quantum memories. Integrating these materials in an on-chip optical platform would create opportunities for highly integrated light-matter interfaces for quantum communication and quantum computing. Nano-photonic resonators with high quality factors and small mode volumes are required for efficient on-chip coupling to the small dipole moment of rare-earth ion transitions. However, direct fabrication of optical cavities in these crystals with current nanofabrication techniques is difficult and unparallelized, as either exotic etch chemistries or physical milling processes are required. We fabricated hybrid devices by mechanically transferring a nanoscale membrane of gallium arsenide (GaAs) onto a neodymium-doped yttrium silicon oxide (Y<sub>2</sub>SiO<sub>5</sub>) crystal and then using electron beam lithography and standard III-V dry etching to pattern nanobeam photonic crystal cavities and ring resonator cavities, a technique that is easily adapted to other frequency ranges for arbitrary dopants in any rare earth host system. Single crystalline GaAs was chosen for its low loss and high refractive index at the transition wavelength. We demonstrated the potential to evanescently couple between the cavity field and the 883 nm <sup>4</sup>I<sub>9/2</sub>- <sup>4</sup>F<sub>3/2</sub> transition of nearby neodymium impurities in the host crystal by examining transmission spectra through a waveguide coupled to the resonator with a custom-built confocal microscope. The prospects and requirements for using this system for scalable quantum networks are discussed.
Long Lived, Low Power Betavoltaic Nuclear Battery for Electronics (2009)

Space electronic and other remote electronic systems have a crucial need for low power, self-sustaining, constant power sources that require little or no maintenance. Applications that need such power sources include space probe electronics, sensors in remote locations (space, underground, etc.), and implantable medical devices. Conventionally, these needs have been met by microburner-based energy producers, fuel cells, and chemical batteries. The first two convert mechanical, thermal, and/or chemical energy into electrical energy or electricity. They require the use of microfluidic flow chambers and external energy to function.