gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic FEC Algorithms for TFRC Flows (2010)

Media flows coexist with TCP-based data traffic on the Internet and are required to be TCP-friendly. The TCP protocol slowly increases its sending rate until episodes of congestion occur, and then it quickly reduces its rate to remove congestion. However, media flows can be sensitive to even brief episodes of congestion. In this paper, we are interested in protecting media flows from TCP-induced congestion while maintaining their TCP friendliness. In particular, we consider media flows carried over the TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) protocol and we design algorithms that dynamically adapt the level of forward error correction (FEC) based on the congestion state of the network. To this end, first, we investigate the loss and delay characteristics of TFRC flows in several TCP-induced congestion scenarios, and we develop novel predictors of loss events based on packet delay information. Second, we use these predictors to dynamically adapt the level of FEC protection based on the predicted level of congestion. We show that this technique can significantly improve the overhead versus reliability trade-off compared to fixed FEC. Third, we select the FEC and original media packets within each FEC block, in a rate-distortion optimized way, and we show that this technique significantly improves media quality.
The Glass Class (2015)

This course will teach how to design and develop effective interfaces for head mounted or wrist worn wearable computers through the application of user-centered design principles. It will enable existing HCI practitioners to enter the fast growing area of wearable computing. Attendees will gain the knowledge and tools needed to develop prototype applications, and an understanding of the important areas of current research and development.
Over-wavelength pitch sized diffraction gratings for augmented reality applications (2022)

Waveguide based optical combiners for augmented reality (AR) glasses are integrating several surface relief gratings (SRG) whose pitch sizes can be as small as 200 nm for the blue wavelength. All SRG components exploit the first diffraction order to couple in and out or to deviate the light. We present SRG using higher diffraction orders featuring over-wavelength pitch sizes. Our gratings use the edge wave (EW) diffraction phenomenon to steer light in the preferred far field direction.
Unconventional Secretion of Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 Is Mediated by Direct Translocation across the Plasma Membrane of Mammalian Cells (2004)

Fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2) is a pro-angiogenic mediator that is secreted by both normal and neoplastic cells. Intriguingly, FGF-2 has been shown to be exported by an endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi-independent pathway; however, the molecular machinery mediating this process has remained elusive. Here we introduce a novel in vitro system that functionally reconstitutes FGF-2 secretion. Based on affinity-purified plasma membrane inside-out vesicles, we demonstrate post-translational membrane translocation of FGF-2 as shown by protease protection experiments. This process is blocked at low temperature but apparently does not appear to be driven by ATP hydrolysis. FGF-2 membrane translocation occurs in a unidirectional fashion requiring both integral and peripheral membrane proteins. These findings provide direct evidence that FGF-2 secretion is based on its direct translocation across the plasma membrane of mammalian cells. When galectin-1 and macrophage migration inhibitory factor, other proteins exported by unconventional means, were analyzed for translocation into plasma membrane inside-out vesicles, galectin-1 was found to be transported as efficiently as FGF-2. By contrast, migration inhibitory factor failed to traverse the membrane of inside-out vesicles. These findings establish the existence of multiple distinct secretory routes that are operational in the absence of a functional endoplasmic reticulum/Golgi system.
Optically pumped 1.3 micron VCSELs (2002)

Summary form only. Over the past two years, Gore Photonics has reported a new long-wavelength VCSEL structure that employs an electrically pumped short-wavelength VCSEL optical pump to drive a 1300 nm VCSEL, as an alternative to direct current injection. This approach offers a number of theoretical advantages that have led to a variety of performance records. These devices have produced the highest room temperature power, highest room-temperature single mode power, lowest voltage, and highest speed of any VCSEL at 1310 or 1550 nm. Recent efforts have focused on driving these devices towards application in real systems. This work includes integration with laser drivers, single-mode packaging, relative intensity noise characterization, and systems demonstrations over tens of kilometers of single-mode fiber. This work demonstrates that devices comply with many commercial standards requirements, and have performance comparable to DFB lasers in many applications. In short, 1300 nm VCSELs provide a low-cost single mode solution for many data communication and telecommunications applications. Furthermore, these devices can be converted into WDM arrays with minimal additional fabrication complexity, enabling low-cost WDM array transmitters. These devices not only exhibit excellent performance, but lend themselves to large-scale production and reliable operation. This paper summarizes the most recent device results, systems experiments, and status of reliability and manufacturability.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrene‐Functionalized Oligonucleotides and Locked Nucleic Acids (LNAs): Tools for Fundamental Research, Diagnostics, and Nanotechnology (2012)

Abstract Review: 145 refs.
A Time-/Frequency-Domain Side-Channel Attack Resistant AES-128 and RSA-4K Crypto-Processor in 14-nm CMOS (2021)

A side-channel attack (SCA) hardened AES-128 and RSA crypto-processor in 14-nm CMOS with measured resistance to correlation power/electromagnetic analysis (CPA/CEMA) in both time and frequency domains is demonstrated. While previously reported linear low-dropout regulators (LDOs) offer improvements in minimum-time-to-disclose (MTD) of extracted key bytes in the time domain, their transformations are less effective against frequency-domain attacks. This article describes a non-linear digital LDO (NL-DLDO) with control loop randomizations that bolster SCA resistance in the frequency domain. The NL-DLDO cascaded with an AES engine augmented with arithmetic countermeasures enables > 250K× improvement in MTD, with no CPA/CEMA/DNN attacks detected after 1-B encryptions, with 8% power and 10% area overheads incurred by arithmetic techniques. The RSA-4K crypto-processor implements exponent magnitude and timing randomizations along with dynamic memory addressing to mitigate time- and frequency-domain attacks. The countermeasures enable 711× suppression in means separation in current/EM magnitudes from 3.1 mV to 4.35 μV, reducing attacker's accuracy to an ineffective random guess classification, while limiting area and performance overheads to <; 0.05% and 3.25%, respectively.
Resolving Ambiguity of the Kondo Temperature Determination in Mechanically Tunable Single-Molecule Kondo Systems (2021)

Determination of the molecular Kondo temperature (<i>T</i><sub>K</sub>) poses a challenge in most cases when the experimental temperature cannot be tuned to a sufficient extent. We show how this ambiguity can be resolved if additional control parameters are present, such as magnetic field and mechanical gating. We record the evolution of the differential conductance by lifting an individual molecule from the metal surface with the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope. By fitting the measured conductance spectra with the single impurity Anderson model we are able to demonstrate that the lifting tunes the junction continuously from the strongly correlated Kondo-singlet to the free spin-1/2 ground state. In the crossover regime, where <i>T</i><sub>K</sub> is similar to the temperature of experiment, the fitting yields ambiguous estimates of <i>T</i><sub>K</sub> varying by an order of magnitude. We show that analysis of the conductance measured in two distinct external magnetic fields can be used to resolve this problem.
Behavioral Demonstration of a Somatosensory Neuroprosthesis (2013)

Tactile sensation is critical for effective object manipulation, but current prosthetic upper limbs make no provision for delivering somesthetic feedback to the user. For individuals who require use of prosthetic limbs, this lack of feedback transforms a mundane task into one that requires extreme concentration and effort. Although vibrotactile motors and sensory substitution devices can be used to convey gross sensations, a direct neural interface is required to provide detailed and intuitive sensory feedback. In light of this, we describe the implementation of a somatosensory prosthesis with which we elicit, through intracortical microstimulation (ICMS), percepts whose magnitude is graded according to the force exerted on the prosthetic finger. Specifically, the prosthesis consists of a sensorized finger, the force output of which is converted into a regime of ICMS delivered to primary somatosensory cortex through chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays. We show that the performance of animals (Rhesus macaques) on a tactile task is equivalent whether stimuli are delivered to the native finger or to the prosthetic finger.
Abstract 1747: BGB324, a selective small molecule Axl kinase inhibitor to overcome EMT-associated drug resistance in carcinomas: Therapeutic rationale and early clinical studies (2014)

Abstract Axl is a member of the TAM (Tyro3, Axl and Mer) family of receptor tyrosine kinases that regulate multiple cellular responses including cell survival, proliferation, and migration. Axl expression is predictive of poor patient overall survival in a variety of human cancers including triple negative breast (TNBC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Axl expression is induced by the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) gene program in cancer cells and Axl signaling is required to maintain EMT-associated features including invasiveness, metastasis, stem cell-like traits and resistance to targeted inhibitors and other chemotherapeutic agents. BGB324/R428 is an oral, selective small molecule inhibitor of Axl that recently was evaluated in early clinical safety studies in healthy volunteers. Treatment with BGB324 up to and including 1.5 gms daily (per os) was established as being safe and well tolerated. The endpoints of the study included pharmacokinetics and safety. Bioavailability was increased in the presence of food and systemic exposure increased dose proportionately. At the highest dose the apparent elimination half-life approached four days presenting a range of dosing options. We evaluated the effects of BGB324 in preclinical models of TNBC, PDA and NSCLC, including 2D/3D cell culture and mouse xenograft models, in combination with targeted and chemotherapeutic agents. BGB324 treatment of mesenchymal carcinoma cells blocked invasiveness and enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy. BGB324 abrogated the tumor initiation capacity of TNBC cells, an activity associated with cancer stem cells. BGB324 treatment blocked the emergence of EMT-associated acquired resistance to erlotinib in human NSCLC xenografts. Furthermore, combination treatment of BGB324 with chemotherapy inhibited the growth of human NSCLC xenografts and significantly prolonged survival in orthotopic and genetically engineered mouse models of PDA. Collectively, these data suggest that the first-in-class selective Axl inhibitor BGB324 can overcome EMT-related acquired therapeutic resistance and enhance the efficacy of multiple anti-cancer strategies. Together with the results of results of the early clinical safety studies, this provides a rationale for further clinical studies. Citation Format: Katarzyna Wnuk-Lipinska, Crina Tiron, Gro Gausdal, Tone Sandal, Robin Frink, Stefan Hinz, Monica Hellesøy, Lavina Ahmed, Hallvard Haugen, Xiao Liang, Magnus Blø, David Micklem, Murray Yule, John Minna, Longen Zhou, Rolf Brekken, James Lorens. BGB324, a selective small molecule Axl kinase inhibitor to overcome EMT-associated drug resistance in carcinomas: Therapeutic rationale and early clinical studies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1747. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1747
The Origin of Relative Intensity Fluctuations in Single-Molecule Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2013)

An explanation of the relative intensity fluctuations observed in single-molecule Raman experiments is described utilizing both single-molecule tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy and time-dependent density functional theory calculations. No correlation is observed in mode to mode intensity fluctuations indicating that the changes in mode intensities are completely independent. Theoretical calculations provide convincing evidence that the fluctuations are not the result of diffusion, orientation, or local electromagnetic field gradients but rather are the result of subtle variations of the excited-state lifetime, energy, and geometry of the molecule. These variations in the excited-state properties will provide information on adsorbate-adsorbate and adsorbate-substrate interactions and may allow for inversion of experimental results to obtain these excited-state properties.
Practical Management of Cancer Cachexia (2017)

In cancer patients, delivery of palliative care during anticancer treatment (i.e., concurrent care) leads to enhanced clinical outcome. Nutrition therapy is part of palliative care and, therefore, should be prescribed to prevent or treat cachexia. Effective nutrition therapy is based on a thorough assessment of weight loss history, eating behaviour, changes in appetite, and the presence of nutrition impact symptoms. By identifying a patient’s needs, the delivery of nutritional care (i.e., counselling, supplements, enteral or parenteral nutrition according to the "maximal use of supportive therapy" approach) has greater likelihood to be highly effective. However, a careful monitoring programme, which includes periodical check of body weight, energy and protein intake, quality of life, ensures constant adaptation of nutritional care to the changing needs of cancer patients. Nutrition therapy is becoming a key component of cancer patients management. In this new role, nutrition therapy is key in allowing cancer patients to receive and complete treatments and in improving quality of life. Whether these effects also translate into longer survival remains to be demonstrated but preliminary results are encouraging.
Ordered Kinetochore Assembly in the Human-Pathogenic Basidiomycetous Yeast Cryptococcus neoformans (2013)

ABSTRACT Kinetochores facilitate interaction between chromosomes and the spindle apparatus. The formation of a metazoan trilayered kinetochore is an ordered event in which inner, middle, and outer layers assemble during disassembly of the nuclear envelope during mitosis. The existence of a similar strong correlation between kinetochore assembly and nuclear envelope breakdown in unicellular eukaryotes is unclear. Studies in the hemiascomycetous budding yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans suggest that an ordered kinetochore assembly may not be evolutionarily conserved. Here, we utilized high-resolution time-lapse microscopy to analyze the localization patterns of a series of putative kinetochore proteins in the basidiomycetous budding yeast Cryptococcus neoformans , a human pathogen. Strikingly, similar to most metazoa but atypical of yeasts, the centromeres are not clustered but positioned adjacent to the nuclear envelope in premitotic C. neoformans cells. The centromeres gradually coalesce to a single cluster as cells progress toward mitosis. The mitotic clustering of centromeres seems to be dependent on the integrity of the mitotic spindle. To study the dynamics of the nuclear envelope, we followed the localization of two marker proteins, Ndc1 and Nup107. Fluorescence microscopy of the nuclear envelope and components of the kinetochore, along with ultrastructure analysis by transmission electron microscopy, reveal that in C. neoformans , the kinetochore assembles in an ordered manner prior to mitosis in concert with a partial opening of the nuclear envelope. Taken together, the results of this study demonstrate that kinetochore dynamics in C. neoformans is reminiscent of that of metazoans and shed new light on the evolution of mitosis in eukaryotes. IMPORTANCE Successful propagation of genetic material in progeny is essential for the survival of any organism. A proper kinetochore-microtubule interaction is crucial for high-fidelity chromosome segregation. An error in this process can lead to loss or gain of chromosomes, a common feature of most solid cancers. Several proteins assemble on centromere DNA to form a kinetochore. However, significant differences in the process of kinetochore assembly exist between unicellular yeasts and multicellular metaozoa. Here, we examined the key events that lead to formation of a proper kinetochore in a basidiomycetous budding yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans . We found that, during the progression of the cell cycle, nonclustered centromeres gradually clustered and kinetochores assembled in an ordered manner concomitant with partial opening of the nuclear envelope in this organism. These events have higher similarity to mitotic events of metazoans than to those previously described in other yeasts.
Triarylmethane and Diarylmethane Dyes (2000)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Definition and Chromophores 1.1. Definition 1.2. Chromophores 2. History and Economic Importance 2.1. History 2.2. Economic Importance 3. Production 4. Uses 5. Diphenylmethane Dyes 5.1. Michler's Hydrol and Derivatives 5.2. Michler's Ketone, Auramines, and Derivatives 5.2.1. Michler's Ketone 5.2.2. Auramines 6. Triphenylmethane Dyes 6.1. Monoaminotriphenylmethane Dyes 6.1.1. Cationic Dyes 6.1.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 6.2. Diaminotriphenylmethane Dyes 6.2.1. Cationic Dyes 6.2.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol and Triphenylmethylamine Derivatives) 6.2.3. Anionic Dyes 6.3. Triaminotriphenylmethane Dyes 6.3.1. Cationic Dyes 6.3.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 6.3.3. Betaines and Anionic Dyes 6.4. Hydroxytriphenylmethane Dyes 6.4.1. Metal‐Complex Dyes 6.4.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 7. Heteroaryldiarylmethane and Diheteroarylarylmethane Dyes 7.1. Cationic Dyes 7.1.1. Monoaminodiphenylheteroarylmethane Dyes 7.1.2. Diaminodiphenylheteroarylmethane Dyes 7.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives, Lactones, and Leuco Compounds) 8. Dyes with Several Chromophores 8.1. Bis(triarylmethane) Dyes 8.2. Oligomeric and Polymeric Triarylmethane Dyes 8.3. Triarylmethane Dyes with Other Chromophores 9. Acridine Dyes 10. Xanthene Dyes 10.1. Ring‐Closed Diphenylmethane Dyes (Pyronins) 10.2. Ring‐Closed Triphenylmethane Dyes 10.2.1. Monoaminoxanthene Dyes 10.2.1.1. Cationic Dyes 10.2.1.2. Fluorans 10.2.2. Diaminoxanthene Dyes 10.2.2.1. Cationic Dyes 10.2.2.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Lactones and Related Compounds) 10.2.2.3. Anionic Dyes 10.2.3. Hydroxyxanthene Dyes 11. Thioxanthene Dyes 12. Other Ring‐Closed Triarylmethane Dyes 12.1. Cationic Dyes 12.2. Nonionic Derivatives (Triphenylmethanol Derivatives and Lactones) 13. Toxicology
Using a semantic grammar as an interlingua in a multiglingual speech translation system (2008)

National audience
Clostridium novyi-NT can cause regression of orthotopically implanted glioblastomas in rats (2015)

Glioblastoma (GBM) is a highly aggressive primary brain tumor that is especially difficult to treat. The tumor's ability to withstand hypoxia leads to enhanced cancer cell survival and therapy resistance, but also yields a microenvironment that is in many aspects unique within the human body, thus offering potential therapeutic opportunities. The spore-forming anaerobic bacterium Clostridium novyi-NT(C. novyi-NT) has the ability to propagate in tumor-generated hypoxia, leading to oncolysis. Here, we show that intravenously injected spores of C. novyi-NT led to dramatic tumor destructions and significant survival increases in implanted, intracranial syngeneic F98 and human xenograft 060919 rat GBM models. C. novyi-NT germination was specific and confined to the neoplasm, with sparing of the normal brain parenchyma. All animals tolerated the bacteriolytic treatment, but edema and increased intracranial pressure could quickly be lethal if not monitored and medically managed with hydration and antibiotics. These results provide pre-clinical data supporting the development of this therapeutic approach for the treatment of patients with GBM.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydroselenationof Heterobicyclic Alkenes (2020)

A highly efficient Rh­(I)/(S)-xyl-Binap catalytic
system is developed for the asymmetric hydroselenation of various
nonpolar olefins with diselenides. Under these mild reaction conditions,
a wide range of heterobicyclic alkenes give selenol-incorporated adducts
in excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97%) along with high yields
(up to 96%) by overcoming self-promoted racemic hydroselenation. The
strategy is also applied for kinetic resolution of unsymmetric oxabenzonorbornadiene.
Single and Double C–H Activation of Biphenyl or Phenanthrene. An Example of C–H Addition to Ir(III) More Facile than Addition to Ir(I) (2016)

The species (R4PCP)Ir are found to effect a double C–H activation addition of biphenyl or phenanthrene to give the corresponding cyclometalated complexes (biphenyl-2,2′-diyl and phenanthrene-4,5-diyl, respectively), which have been characterized spectroscopically and crystallographically. The rate-determining step of the overall reactions is calculated to be the 14-electron (R4PCP)Ir(I) fragment undergoing addition of the sterically hindered C–H bond positioned ortho to the interaryl ring C–C bond. The resulting Ir(III) aryl hydride undergoes a subsequent second C–H addition to give a cyclometalated Ir(V) dihydride complex. This C–H addition to Ir(III) is calculated to be very facile: e.g., a barrier as low as ΔG⧧ = 5.9 kcal/mol in the case of (tBu4PCP)Ir(H)(o-phenanthrenyl). The computational results are fully consistent with, and facilitate explaining, the experimental observations. (tBu4PCP)Ir(NBE) adds an unhindered (m or p) C–H bond of biphenyl or phenanthrene (following loss of NBE) to give an observable Ir(III) aryl hydride. At ambient temperature these species slowly (ca. 24 h) convert to the cyclometalated complexes; the presumed o-C–H addition intermediate is never present at concentrations sufficiently high to be observed. In contrast, in the case of (iPr4PCP)Ir, which is much less hindered than (tBu4PCP)Ir, the reaction with biphenyl does not lead to any observable mono-C–H addition intermediate; this is consistent with a relatively rapid addition of the o-C–H bond followed by an even faster second C–H addition (cyclometalation) by the resulting Ir(III) aryl hydride. Intermolecular double C–H addition has also been explored computationally. Addition of benzene to the Ir(III) species (R4PCP)Ir(H)Ph to afford (R4PCP)Ir(H)2Ph2 is calculated to have a very low barrier for the sterically uncrowded (Me4PCP)Ir species. We propose that the very facile kinetics of Ir(III)/Ir(V) C–H additions/eliminations has significant implications for C–C coupling and other catalytic reactions.