gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variations in the Morphology of Image Silver Particles in Thermally Developed Photographic Materials (1999)

Photothermographic imaging systems based on silver halide and silver carboxylates have been utilized for a wide variety of imaging applications for many years. We have been investigating the morphology of silver particles formed in the image area of photothermographic imaging systems in order to understand the forces that affect their morphology. Because the size, shape, morphology and silver particle distribution within an image area affects the overall optical properties of the imaging material, control of these properties should lead to improved photographic responses of the materials. We have found in this investigation that there are multiple factors that influence the overall morphology of the silver particles, and show how morphological properties are changed by different conditions, e.g., the nature of the materials used, including the toners (succinimide, phthalimide, phthalazine), phenolic developers, and related components.
A Highly Linear GaN MMIC Doherty Power Amplifier Based on Phase Mismatch Induced AM–PM Compensation (2021)

This article presents a highly linear Doherty power amplifier (DPA) based on phase mismatch. When output phase mismatch (OPM) is introduced, i.e., the phase shift of the output impedance transformer deviates from 90°, the power-combining network (PCN) will exhibit a certain amplitude-to-phase (AM–PM) characteristic. When input phase mismatch (IPM) is introduced, i.e., the main and auxiliary branches are not phase-aligned, the AM–PM of the PCN can be further finely tuned. By choosing proper OPM and IPM, the AM–PM of the overall DPA can be compensated by that of the PCN while maintaining reasonable back-off and saturated performances. Moreover, the PCN with phase mismatch shows gain expansion, and thus the amplitude-to-amplitude (AM–AM) distortion of the DPA can also be improved to some extent. A fully integrated DPA is implemented in a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.25~\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> gallium nitride (GaN)-HEMT process to validate the proposed method. The fabricated DPA realizes an AM–PM of 2° and an AM–AM of 0.3 dB at 6.3 GHz, with a saturated power of 41.1 dBm and a 6 dB back-off drain efficiency (DE) of 45%. Applying a 200 MHz signal with a 7.8 dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), a raw adjacent channel power ratio (ACPR) of −42 dBc and an average DE of 37.4% are measured at the output power of 33.1 dBm. When the carrier frequency is swept from 6.1 to 6.5 GHz, a raw ACPR below −39 dBc and an average DE better than 37% are maintained.
Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Anthocyanin/Ellagitannin-Enriched Extracts FromSyzygium cuminiL. (Jamun, the Indian Blackberry) (2012)

Colored fruits, particularly berries, are highly chemoprotective because of their antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antiinflammatory activities. We report the cancer chemoprotective potential of Syzygium cumini L., commonly known as jamun or Indian blackberry. Anthocyanins and other polyphenolics were extracted with acidic ethanol and enriched by amberlite XAD7/HP20 (1:1). The pulp powder was found to contain 0.54% anthocyanins, 0.17% ellagic acid/ellagitannins, and 1.15% total polyphenolics. Jamun seed contained no detectable anthocyanins but had higher amounts of ellagic acid/ellagitannins (0.5%) and total polyphenolics (2.7%) than the pulp powder. Upon acid hydrolysis, the pulp extract yielded 5 anthocyanidins by HPLC: malvidin (44.4%), petunidin (24.2%), delphinidin (20.3%), cyanidin (6.6%), and peonidin (2.2%). Extracts of both jamun pulp (1,445 ± 64 μmol of trolox equivalent (TE)/g) and seeds (3,379 ± 151 μM of TE/g) showed high oxygen radical absorbance capacity. Their high antioxidant potential was also reflected by 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)- and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl-scavenging and ferrous ion-chelating activities. We also analyzed antiproliferative activity of jamun extracts against human lung cancer A549 cells. The hydrolyzed pulp and seed extracts showed significant antiproliferative activity. However, unhydrolyzed extracts showed much less activity. These data showed that in addition to 5 anthocyanidins, jamun contains appreciable amounts of ellagic acid/ellagitannins, with high antioxidant and antiproliferative activities.
Long-Term In Vitro Culture of the Syphilis Spirochete Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (2018)

Investigation of <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i>, the spirochete that causes syphilis, has been hindered by an inability to culture the organism continuously <i>in vitro</i> despite more than a century of effort. In this study, long-term logarithmic multiplication of <i>T. pallidum</i> was attained through subculture every 6 to 7 days and periodic feeding using a modified medium (<i>T. pallidum</i> culture medium 2 [TpCM-2]) with a previously described microaerobic, rabbit epithelial cell coincubation system. Currently, cultures have maintained continuous growth for over 6 months with full retention of viability as measured by motility and rabbit infectivity. This system has been applied successfully to the well-studied Nichols strain of <i>T. pallidum</i>, as well as to two recent syphilis isolates, UW231B and UW249B. Light microscopy and cryo-electron microscopy showed that <i>in vitro</i>-cultured <i>T. pallidum</i> retains wild-type morphology. Further refinement of this long-term subculture system is expected to facilitate study of the physiological, genetic, pathological, immunologic, and antimicrobial susceptibility properties of <i>T. pallidum</i> subsp. <i>pallidum</i> and closely related pathogenic <i>Treponema</i> species and subspecies.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease with a global distribution, is caused by a spiral-shaped bacterium called <i>Treponema pallidum</i> subspecies <i>pallidum</i> Previously, <i>T. pallidum</i> was one of the few major bacterial pathogens that had not been cultured long-term <i>in vitro</i> (in a test tube), greatly hindering efforts to better understand this organism and the disease that it causes. In this article, we report the successful long-term cultivation of <i>T. pallidum</i> in a tissue culture system, a finding that is likely to enhance our ability to obtain new information applicable to the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of syphilis.
Bio-Inspired Adaboost Method for Efficient Face Recognition (2007)

We present the design of face recognition system based on the Adaboost algorithm and bio- inspired evolutionary search. We start by extracting the feature vector of the face image based on fixed fiducial points. Then we decompose the strong feature into several feature subsets using GA and classification models of each feature subsets are combined using the Adaboost algorithm. GA searches the best feature combination that gives minimum training error. We use the fixed feature decomposition method, where the length of the feature subset is constant. We use Gabor filter of 8 orientations and 8 frequencies to extract the feature of the face. Experiments are conducted on FERET database which contains 2418 images of 1209 subjects taking 2 images per subject. The outcome of these experiments suggests that the classification model using aggregation of feature combinations by means of Adaboost and GA gives better result than classification model that uses the entire feature vector.
Reoperations after 3200 Revision TKAs (2004)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, etiology, and evolution with time of reoperations done after index revision total knee arthroplasties. After exclusion criteria were met, 1814 index knee revisions in 1627 patients were included in the final cohort with more than 50% of the revisions done for loosening and extensor mechanism problems and more than 80% of the revisions involving the femoral, tibial, or both components. Three hundred seventy-three knees subsequently have been reoperated on one or more times. The average time from index revision total knee arthroplasty to the first reoperation was 3.5 years (range, 1 day–19 years). Of the 1814 index revision total knee arthroplasties, 373 (20%) had 593 reoperations in 336 patients. The cumulative risks of first reoperation at 5, 10, and 15 years were 16.1% (95% CI, 14.2, 17.9), 26% (95% CI, 23.4, 28.6), and 31.4% (95% CI, 30.2, 39), respectively. There was no difference in risk to first reoperation when comparing the decades in which the index revisions were done (1970–1980, 1981–1990, and 1991–2000). There was a trend toward a higher cumulative risk of first time reoperations for deep infection, loosening, and instability in the last decade, but with the numbers available this was not statistically significant. The prevalence of reoperations in this large series of index revision total knee arthroplasties done for aseptic reasons was surprisingly high. Despite substantial improvements during the past 3 decades in component design, surgical technique, and prevention of infection, patients who have a revision total knee arthroplasty are at substantial risk of having one or more subsequent problems that result in a reoperation.
Intravascular thermography: a novel approach for detection of vulnerable plaque (2002)

Zarrabi, Alireza MD; Gul, Khawar MD; Willerson, James T. MD; Casscells, Ward MD; Naghavi, Morteza MD Author Information
Multi-component force sensor based on multiplexed fibre Bragg grating strain sensors (2000)

The control of robots in electromagnetically noisy environments may benefit from the use of EMI-insensitive multi-component force sensors. Multi-component force sensing is usually done with local strain measurements on an elastic transducer. We propose to use fibre Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensors to perform these local strain measurements, taking advantage of their multiplexing capabilities and their immunity to electromagnetic interference. In this paper, we discuss the design and the calibration of a compact multi-component force sensor using an elastic transducing body and eight multiplexed fibre Bragg gratings. We demonstrate, for the first time, that multi-component force sensors based on multiplexed FBG strain sensors can be constructed.
<title>Role of amplified spontaneous emission in optical free-space communication links with optical amplification: impact on isolation and data transmission and utilization for pointing, acquisition, and tracking</title> (1999)

We investigate the role of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) produced by an optical booster amplifier at the transmitter of free-space optical communication links. In a communication terminal with a single telescope for both transmission and reception, this ASE power has to be taken into account in connection with transmit-to-receive channel isolation, especially since it partly occupies the same state of polarization and the same frequency band as the receive signal. We show that the booster ASE intercepted by the receiver can represent a non-negligible source of background radiation: In a typical optical intersatellite link scenario, the ASE power spectral density generated by the booster amplifier at the transmitter and coupled to the receiver will be on the order of 10<SUP>-20</SUP> W/Hz, which equals the background radiation of the sun. Exploiting these findings for pointing, acquisition, and tracking (PAT) purposes, we describe a patent-pending PAT system doing without beacon lasers and without the need for diverting a part of the data signal for PAT. Utilizing the transmit booster ASE over a bandwidth of e.g. 20 nm at the receiver, a total power of about -46 dBm is available for PAT purposes without extra power consumption at the transmitter and without the need for beacon lAser alignment.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereospecific Synthesis of New Chiral Acyclic Guanine Nucleoside Analogues. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intelligence and Learning in O-RAN for Data-driven NextG Cellular Networks (2020)

Next Generation (NextG) cellular networks will be natively cloud-based and built upon programmable, virtualized, and disaggregated architectures. The separation of control functions from the hardware fabric and the introduction of standardized control interfaces will enable the definition of custom closed-control loops, which will ultimately enable embedded intelligence and real-time analytics, thus effectively realizing the vision of autonomous and self-optimizing networks. This article explores the disaggregated network architecture proposed by the O-RAN Alliance as a key enabler of NextG networks. Within this architectural context, we discuss the potential, the challenges, and the limitations of data-driven optimization approaches to network control over different timescales. We also present the first large-scale integration of O-RAN-compliant software components with an open-source full-stack softwarized cellular network. Experiments conducted on Colosseum, the world's largest wireless network emulator, demonstrate closed-loop integration of real-time analytics and control through deep reinforcement learning agents. We also show the feasibility of Radio Access Network (RAN) control through xApps running on the near real-time RAN Intelligent Controller, to optimize the scheduling policies of co-existing network slices, leveraging the O-RAN open interfaces to collect data at the edge of the network.
Factors Associated with Post-Seasonal Serological Titer and Risk Factors for Infection with the Pandemic A/H1N1 Virus in the French General Population (2013)

The CoPanFlu-France cohort of households was set up in 2009 to study the risk factors for infection by the pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm) in the French general population. The authors developed an integrative data-driven approach to identify individual, collective and environmental factors associated with the post-seasonal serological H1N1pdm geometric mean titer, and derived a nested case-control analysis to identify risk factors for infection during the first season. This analysis included 1377 subjects (601 households). The GMT for the general population was 47.1 (95% confidence interval (CI): 45.1, 49.2). According to a multivariable analysis, pandemic vaccination, seasonal vaccination in 2009, recent history of influenza-like illness, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, social contacts at school and use of public transports by the local population were associated with a higher GMT, whereas history of smoking was associated with a lower GMT. Additionally, young age at inclusion and risk perception of exposure to the virus at work were identified as possible risk factors, whereas presence of an air humidifier in the living room was a possible protective factor. These findings will be interpreted in light of the longitudinal analyses of this ongoing cohort.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of The Helicobacter pylori vacuolating toxin inhibits T cell activation by two independent mechanisms. (2004)

Helicobacter pylori toxin, VacA, damages the gastric epithelium by erosion and loosening of tight junctions. Here we report that VacA also interferes with T cell activation by two different mechanisms. Formation of anion-specific channels by VacA prevents calcium influx from the extracellular milieu. The transcription factor NF-AT thus fails to translocate to the nucleus and activate key cytokine genes. A second, channel-independent mechanism involves activation of intracellular signaling through the mitogen-activated protein kinases MKK3/6 and p38 and the Rac-specific nucleotide exchange factor, Vav. As a consequence of aberrant Rac activation, disordered actin polymerization is stimulated. The resulting defects in T cell activation may help H. pylori to prevent an effective immune response leading to chronic colonization of its gastric niche.
Seeing the light: New insights into the molecular pathogenesis of retinal diseases (2007)

In the past, most treatments for retinal diseases have been empirical. Steroids and/or laser photocoagulation and/or surgery have been tried for almost every condition with little or no understanding of the underlying disease. Over the past several years vision researchers have uncovered molecular components of processes, such as visual transduction and the visual cycle, that are critical for visual function, and identified other molecules that lead to dysfunction and disease processes such as neovascularization and macular edema. It is becoming clear that dysregulation of certain molecules can have major effects on retinal structure and function. Studies in animal models have suggested that inhibiting or augmenting levels of a single molecule can have major effects in complex disease processes. Although several molecules probably contribute to neovascularization and excessive vascular permeability in the eye, blockade of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has remarkable beneficial effects in animal models that have now been proven to apply to human diseases in clinical trials. Intraocular injection of VEGF antagonists has revolutionized the treatment of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and macular edema and serves as a model of targeted ocular pharmacotherapy. Significant progress elucidating the molecular pathogenesis of several disease processes in the eye may soon lead to new treatments following the lead of VEGF antagonists. Initial treatments that provide benefit from frequent intraocular injections are likely to be followed by sustained delivery of drugs and/or prolonged protein delivery by gene transfer. The eye has entered the era of molecular therapy.
Demonstration of a low-voltage resonant modulator based on the folded cavity design (2005)

A low-voltage folded cavity resonant modulator, based on shallow-etched ridge waveguides combined with four deeply etched turning mirrors is demonstrated. The resonant modulator exhibit a high quality factor in the excess of 5000, low insertion loss, greater than 22 dB extinction at resonance and offers low-voltage operation. A change in the applied voltage by 0.7 V leads to transmission change of more than 16 dB. The DC performance of the modulator is presented
Development and Validation of a Thallium Flux-Based Functional Assay for the Sodium Channel NaV1.7 and Its Utility for Lead Discovery and Compound Profiling (2015)

Ion channels are critical for life, and they are targets of numerous drugs. The sequencing of the human genome has revealed the existence of hundreds of different ion channel subunits capable of forming thousands of ion channels. In the face of this diversity, we only have a few selective small-molecule tools to aid in our understanding of the role specific ion channels in physiology which may in turn help illuminate their therapeutic potential. Although the advent of automated electrophysiology has increased the rate at which we can screen for and characterize ion channel modulators, the technique's high per-measurement cost and moderate throughput compared to other high-throughput screening approaches limit its utility for large-scale high-throughput screening. Therefore, lower cost, more rapid techniques are needed. While ion channel types capable of fluxing calcium are well-served by low cost, very high-throughput fluorescence-based assays, other channel types such as sodium channels remain underserved by present functional assay techniques. In order to address this shortcoming, we have developed a thallium flux-based assay for sodium channels using the NaV1.7 channel as a model target. We show that the assay is able to rapidly and cost-effectively identify NaV1.7 inhibitors thus providing a new method useful for the discovery and profiling of sodium channel modulators.
Polymer Infiltration into Metal–Organic Frameworks in Mixed-Matrix Membranes Detected in Situ by NMR (2019)

Solid-state NMR has been used to study mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs) prepared with a metal-organic framework (MOF, UiO-66) and two different high molecular weight polymers (PEO and PVDF). <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>1</sup>H NMR data provide overwhelming evidence that most UiO-66 organic linkers are within 1 nm of PEO, which indicates that PEO is homogeneously distributed throughout the MOF. Systematic changes in MOF <sup>13</sup>C NMR peak positions and <sup>1</sup>H NMR line widths, as well as dramatic reductions in the MOF <sup>1</sup>H T<sub>1ρ</sub> relaxation times, are observed as the PEO content increases, and when the pores have been filled, a further increase in PEO results in the formation of semicrystalline PEO outside the UiO-66 particles. In contrast, similar studies on PVDF MMMs show that the polymer contacts only a small fraction (<20%) of the MOF linkers. Simulations confirm that PEO penetrates into UiO-66 more easily than does PVDF. These studies are among the first to provide experimental insights into MOF-polymer interactions in an MMM.
Temperature and process invariant MOS-based reference current generation circuits for sub-1V operation (2003)

Measurements on a prototype chip, implemented in a 150nm logic process technology, validate the theories for two sub-1V MOS reference current generator circuits and show that 2X reduction in current variation is achievable across extremes of both process and temperature.
Regioselective Synthesis and Photophysical and Electrochemical Studies of 20‐Substituted Cyanine Dye–Purpurinimide Conjugates: Incorporation of NiII into the Conjugate Enhances its Tumor‐Uptake and Fluorescence‐Imaging Ability (2013)

We report herein a simple and efficient approach to the synthesis of a variety of meso-substituted purpurinimides. The reaction of meso-substituted purpurinimide with N-bromosuccinimide regioselectively introduced a bromo functionality at the 20-position, which on further reaction with a variety of boronic acids under Suzuki reaction conditions yielded the corresponding meso-substituted analogues. Interestingly, the free base and the metalated analogues showed remarkable differences in photosensitizing efficacy (PDT) and tumor-imaging ability. For example, the free-base conjugate showed significant in vitro PDT efficacy, but limited tumor avidity in mice bearing tumors, whereas the corresponding Ni(II) derivative did not produce any cell kill, but showed excellent tumor-imaging ability at a dose of 0.3 μmol kg(-1) at 24, 48, and 72 h post-injection. The limited PDT efficacy of the Ni(II) analogue could be due to its inability to produce singlet oxygen, a key cytotoxic agent required for cell kill in PDT. Based on electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical data in DMSO, the first one-electron oxidation (0.52 V vs. SCE) and the first one-electron reduction (-0.57-0.67 V vs. SCE) of both the free base and the corresponding Ni(II) conjugates are centered on the cyanine dye, whereas the second one-electron reduction (-0.81 V vs. SCE) of the two conjugates is assigned to the purpurinimide part of the molecule. Reduction of the cyanine dye unit is facile and occurs prior to reduction of the purpurinimide group, which suggests that the cyanine dye unit as an oxidant could be the driving force for quenching of the excited triplet state of the molecules. An interaction between the cyanine dye and the purpurinimide group is clearly observed in the free-base conjugate, which compares with a negligible interaction between the two functional groups in the Ni(II) conjugate. As a result, the larger HOMO-LUMO gap of the free-base conjugate and the corresponding smaller quenching constant is a reason to decrease the intramolecular quenching process and increase the production of singlet oxygen to some degree.