gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bortezomib Reduces Pre-Existing Antibodies to Recombinant Immunotoxins in Mice (2015)

Recombinant immunotoxin (RIT) therapy is limited in patients by neutralizing Ab responses. Ninety percent of patients with normal immune systems make neutralizing Abs after one cycle of RIT, preventing repeated dosing. Furthermore, some patients have pre-existing Abs from environmental exposure to Pseudomonas exotoxin, the component of the RIT that elicits the neutralizing Ab response. Bortezomib is an U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved proteasome inhibitor that selectively targets and kills plasma cells that are necessary for the neutralizing Ab response. We hypothesized that bortezomib may abrogate neutralizing Ab levels, making dosing of RIT possible in mice already immune to RIT. We immunized BALB/c mice with multiple doses of SS1P, a RIT whose Ab portion targets mesothelin. Mice with elevated Ab levels were separated into groups to receive saline, bortezomib, the pentostatin/cyclophosphamide (PC) regimen, or the bortezomib/PC (BPC) combination regimen. Four weeks after finishing therapy, plasma Ab levels were assayed, and bone marrow was harvested. The bortezomib and PC regimens significantly reduced Ab levels, and we observed fewer plasma cells in the bone marrow of bortezomib-treated mice but not in PC-treated mice. The BPC combination regimen almost completely eliminated Abs and further reduced plasma cells in the bone marrow. This regimen is more effective than individual regimens and may reduce Ab levels in patients with pre-existing neutralizing Abs to Pseudomonas exotoxin, allowing RIT treatment.
Sol Gel Alumina Coating on Fe–Cr–Al–Y Fibre Media for Catalytic Converters (2003)

Sol gel coating of γ-alumina was applied to Fe–Cr–Al–Y fine fibre media to examine the feasibility of using alloy fibres as a substrate for automobile catalytic converters. Two sol gel routes: aqueous based colloidal and alcohol based polymeric sol were used for coating. Prior to deposition, the fibre was oxidised in air to allow a dense α-alumina layer to form. The effect of several coating parameters such as withdrawal speed, sol concentration, soaking time and firing scheme on the coating quality and on the thickness were studied. The morphology of the coating was investigated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the thickness of the coating was measured by the focused ion beam (FIB) technique. The crystal structures of the coating and the thermally grown oxide were studied with photo stimulated luminescence spectroscopy (PSLS). The coated fibre media exhibited different behaviour compared to the ordinary flat substrate. The performance of the alcohol based sol was better than that of the aqueous based sol with regard to the quality of the coating. PSLS was effective in differentiating the γ- and α-alumina.
Suppl Figure 1 from PLZF, a Tumor Suppressor Genetically Lost in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Is a Mediator of Resistance to Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Figure 1. AR cistrome analysis identifies androgen-activated genes&lt;/p&gt;
Acquisition of direct sequence spread spectrum acoustic communication signals (2003)

Abstract — Acquisition of the code timing in DS/SS systems is addressed for time-varying frequency-selective underwater acoustic channels. Acquisition algorithm based on adaptive channel estimation and fitlering is proposed. The algorithm employs feedback of pre-cursor and post-cursor inter-chip interference toprovideachannelestimatefromwhichthecodetimingisacquired. The channel estimate is also used to filter the signal prior to making the acquisition decision. Channel estimation / filtering procedure eliminates the need for explicit equalization, and enables a computationally efficient implementation. Simulation results show excellent performance in low-SNR regime, as well as in the presence of multiple-access interference and fast fading. Index Terms — Underwater acoustic communications, codedivision multiple access, spread spectrum, code acquisition, adaptive MMSE receiver, channel estimation, equalization, tap selection, phase synchronization. I.
Discovery of novel melanocortin4 receptor selective MSH analogues (1998)

1. We synthesized a novel series of cyclic melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH) analogues and tested their binding properties on cells transiently expressing the human melanocortin1 (MC1), MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors. 2. We discovered that compounds with 26 membered rings of [Cys4,D-Nal7,Cys11]alpha-MSH(4-11) displayed specific MC4 receptor selectivity. The preference order of the different MC receptor subtypes for the novel [Cys4D-Nal7Cys11]alpha-MSH(4-11) analogues are distinct from all other known MSH analogues, particularly as they bind the MC4 receptor with high and the MC1 receptor with low relative affinities. 3. HS964 and HS014 have 12 and 17 fold MC4/MC3 receptor selectivity, respectively, which is much higher than for the previously described cyclic lactam and [Cys4,Cys10]alpha-MSH analogues SHU9119 and HS9510. 4. HS964 is the first substance showing higher affinity for the MC5 receptor than the MC1 receptor. 5. HS014, which was the most potent and selective MC4 receptor ligand (Ki 3.2 nM, which is approximately 300 fold higher affinity than for alpha-MSH), was also demonstrated to antagonize alpha-MSH stimulation of cyclic AMP in MC4 receptor transfected cells. 6. We found that a compound with a 29 membered ring of [Cys3,Nle10,D-Nal7,Cys11]alpha-MSH(3-11) (HS010) had the highest affinity for the MC3 receptor. 7. This is the first study to describe ligands that are truly MC4 selective and a ligand having a high affinity for the MC3 receptor. The novel compounds may be of use in clarifying the physiological roles of the MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors.
A Nonlinear Approximation for the Pressure Behavior of Heterogeneous Reservoirs (1996)

Abstract Recent years have seen extensive use of analytical techniques to study pressure behavior in layered, laterally, and radially composite systems. In this paper, we present a new approximate method to describe the transient pressure behavior of heterogeneous reservoirs. The reservoir is subdivided into a collection of subregions with different rock properties embedded in an otherwise homogeneous background that is defined as a homogeneous region, a stack of layers, or a radially symmetric composite structure. However, both the background medium and the anomalous region may exhibit three-dimensional (3D) anisotropy. The proposed method of solution is formulated in the Laplace transform domain wherein both wellbore storage and skin effects can be included in an algebraic fashion. Beginning with the integral equation solution for the pressure diffusion in porous media, we derive a nonlinear approximation with respect to the spatial variations in reservoir properties. This solution may accurately handle high contrasts in reservoir properties as well as large anomalous regions such as deltaic sandstones and sorted channels systems. For small contrasts, the proposed nonlinear approximation reduces to the Born approximation. We present comparison tests with available analytical solutions such as those related to finite-width strips.
Maintenance and Distribution of Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells after Corneal Reconstruction Using Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cell Sheets (2014)

We assessed the maintenance and distribution of epithelial stem/progenitor cells after corneal reconstruction using tissue-engineered oral mucosal cell sheets in a rat model. Oral mucosal biopsy specimens were excised from green fluorescent protein (GFP) rats and enzymatically treated with Dispase II. These cells were cultured on inserts with mitomycin C-treated NIH/3T3 cells, and the resulting cell sheets were harvested. These tissue-engineered cell sheets from GFP rats were transplanted onto the eyes of a nude rat limbal stem cell deficiency model. Eight weeks after surgery, ocular surfaces were completely covered by the epithelium with GFP-positive cells. Transplanted corneas expressed p63 in the basal layers and K14 in all epithelial layers. Epithelial cells harvested from the central and peripheral areas of reconstructed corneas were isolated for a colony-forming assay, which showed that the colony-forming efficiency of the peripheral epithelial cells was significantly higher than that of the central epithelial cells 8 weeks after corneal reconstruction. Thus, in this rat model, the peripheral cornea could maintain more stem/progenitor cells than the central cornea after corneal reconstruction using oral mucosal epithelial cell sheets.
Medical DPWS: New IEEE 11073 standard for safe and interoperable medical device communication (2015)

The number of devices in an operation room (OR) and the complexity of the components and the overall system increases continuously. Today's vendor-dependent integrated ORs are expensive and not able to handle this complexity because they can only form isolated solutions. Thus a device communication for medical devices among each other and to medical information systems has to be based on open and vendor-independent standards. In this paper we will present new standards for networked Point-of-Care medical devices that will be part of the IEEE 11073 family of standards. A service-oriented device communication is defined by means of an architecture definition, a transport specification called Medical Devices Profile for Web Services (MDPWS), and a Domain Information & Service Model. The new system will make the complexity of a comprehensive OR integration manageable and thereby improve patient's safety. The focus of this paper is on MDPWS that enables a device communication for medical requirements and safety issues, like safe data transmission that will typically be used for safe remote control (dual channel and safety context), data streaming, and compact transmission. The suitability of the concept has been shown by a demonstrator with over 20 real world OR devices from more than 10 vendors.
Construction of Coordinatively Saturated Rhodium Complexes Containing Appended Peptides (1995)

Phenanthrenequinone diimine (phi) complexes of rhodium(III) bearing appended peptides have been prepared using two complementary solid phase synthetic strategies. The first method involves the direct coupling of the coordinatively saturated rhodium complex containing a pendant carboxylate to the N-terminus of a resin-bound peptide, in a manner analogous to the chain-elongation step in solid phase peptide synthesis. The second involves coupling a bidentate chelator containing the pendant carboxylate to the resin-bound peptide, followed by coordination of [Rh(phi)2]3+ to the bidentate chelator attached to the peptide. Peptides of length 5-30 residues have been covalently attached to rhodium complexes in 5-18% yield using both methods. Despite the low overall yields, the regioselective modification of the peptide chain afforded by these strategies is a distinct advantage over solution phase methods. With coordination complexes which are stable to peptide deprotection and cleavage conditions from the resin, the solid phase synthetic strategies are convenient to apply. Amino acid analysis, electronic spectroscopy, and circular dichroism confirm the presence of the two components in the metal-peptide chimeras; the metal-peptide complexes exhibit the combined spectral properties of the parent metal complex and the appended peptide. Significantly, plasma desorption mass spectrometry reveals a novel pattern of peptide fragmentation for the metal-peptide chimeras that is not observed in the absence of the tethered metal complex; this fragmentation facilitates the sequence analysis of the appended peptide. Thus, metal-peptide chimeras may be conveniently prepared using solid phase methodologies, and features of coordination chemistry may be exploited for new peptide design and analysis.
Spatiotemporal definition of neurite outgrowth, refinement and retraction in the developing mouse cochlea (2007)

The adult mammalian cochlea receives dual afferent innervation: the inner sensory hair cells are innervated exclusively by type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGN), whereas the sensory outer hair cells are innervated by type II SGN. We have characterized the spatiotemporal reorganization of the dual afferent innervation pattern as it is established in the developing mouse cochlea. This reorganization occurs during the first postnatal week just before the onset of hearing. Our data reveal three distinct phases in the development of the afferent innervation of the organ of Corti: (1) neurite growth and extension of both classes of afferents to all hair cells (E18-P0); (2) neurite refinement, with formation of the outer spiral bundles innervating outer hair cells (P0-P3); (3) neurite retraction and synaptic pruning to eliminate type I SGN innervation of outer hair cells, while retaining their innervation of inner hair cells (P3-P6). The characterization of this developmental innervation pattern was made possible by the finding that tetramethylrhodamine-conjugated dextran (TMRD) specifically labeled type I SGN. Peripherin and choline-acetyltransferase immunofluorescence confirmed the type II and efferent innervation patterns, respectively, and verified the specificity of the type I SGN neurites labeled by TMRD. These findings define the precise spatiotemporal neurite reorganization of the two afferent nerve fiber populations in the cochlea, which is crucial for auditory neurotransmission. This reorganization also establishes the cochlea as a model system for studying CNS synapse development, plasticity and elimination.
Efficacy and pharmacokinetics of a modified acid-labile docetaxel-PRINT ® nanoparticle formulation against non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases (2020)

Particle Replication in Nonwetting Templates (PRINT®) PLGA nanoparticles of docetaxel and acid-labile C2-dimethyl-Si-Docetaxel were evaluated with small molecule docetaxel as treatments for non-small-cell lung cancer brain metastases.
Diffusion Tensor Imaging as a Biomarker for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder and Parkinson's Disease (S57.003) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To determine if diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of the substantia nigra (SN) is an effective biomarker for premotor Parkinson’s disease (PD). BACKGROUND: To date, a highly specific and sensitive premotor biomarker has yet to be established for the identification of premotor Parkinson’s disease. REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is a condition for which there is a substantially increased relative risk of developing PD. Using DTI of the SN, fractional anisotropic (FA) analysis has been reported to be highly sensitive and specific for separating early idiopathic PD from age-matched controls. Detection of hyposmia may further increase sensitivity for identifying premotor PD. DESIGN/METHODS: Subjects with untreated idiopathic PD within 1 year of symptom onset, idiopathic RBD, and age-matched controls were imaged using DTI sequences of the midbrain. Three regions of interest dividing the substantia nigra into thirds (medial to lateral) in an axial plane just caudal to the red nucleus were ascertained by two blinded neuroradiologists, and FA values were calculated. University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Tests (UPSITs) were administered to RBD subjects. RESULTS: 9 subjects (3 PD, 3 RBD and 3 controls) were scanned. Mean FA values in PD were significantly reduced in the lateral (0.45 vs 0.54) and medial (0.61 vs 0.74) thirds of the SN compared to controls (p<0.001). Mean FA values in RBD were significantly reduced in the medial third of the SN compared to controls (0.66 vs 0.74, p<0.001). One RBD subject had abnormally low UPSIT (score=11) and at 1 year followup had developed motor PD. This subject had significantly reduced FA values in all segments of SN. CONCLUSIONS: DTI of the SN, combined with smell identification testing, may be a valuable imaging biomarker to identify premotor PD in an at-risk cohort such as RBD. Further longitudinal imaging studies of this cohort are warranted. Study Supported by: a pilot grant from the OHSU Advanced Imaging Research Center
A New Global Planarization Technique Using In Situ Isotropic Photoresist Mask Erosion (1994)

A new scalable dry etchback planarization technique with global planarity capable of exceeding that of chemical mechanical polish (CMP), has been demonstrated successfully on submicron ultralarge scale integration (ULSI) four‐layer multilevel metallization (MLM) structures. The process has been demonstrated on both silicon and gallium arsenide substrates and is being implemented into production of multilevel semiconductors. For our application a tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) precursor interlayer dielectric was used. However, the process is also applicable to other organic or inorganic dielectrics. Planarization was achieved in a single wafer isotropic etch system through simultaneously eroding a reverse image (with respect to the underlying metal pattern) photoresist mask and the exposed underlying dielectric layer. For 100 mm wafers, an average across wafer interlevel dielectric (ILD) thickness standard deviation of 230 Å was measured electrically using parallel plate capacitors. Yield results for via chain and metal snake structures, with 0.6 μm minimum feature size, were equivalent to structures using advanced two‐layer planarization (TLP)1–4 and CMP techniques.
A universal multiplex assay format for ultra-sensitive cytokine quantification in human serum and plasma (2020)

Abstract Quantifying prospective biomarkers of immune signaling in biological samples requires high assay sensitivity. The Simoa Planar Array provides greater sensitivity than ELISA, but has a finite assay menu. This study aimed to develop a universal multiplex ‘homebrew’ planar immunoassay format for development of high sensitivity assays for any analyte. Anchor antibodies specific for a peptide tag were microprinted in microwell plates. The peptide tags were conjugated to analyte-specific capture antibodies via maleimide chemistry, enabling high affinity binding of capture to anchor antibody. Bound sample antigen was sandwiched between the peptide-tagged capture and biotinylated detector antibodies; chemiluminescent detection was used to quantify signal. This ‘homebrew’ approach successfully detected sub picomolar levels of cytokines and chemokines in human serum and plasma in a multiplex assay measuring IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-22, TNFa. When compared to commercially available planar assays the universal planar assay format provided comparable LLOQ and LOD with sample correlation (R2) &amp;gt;0.97 for all analytes tested. The universal planar assay was used to successfully screen multiple antibody pairs for human and mouse biomarkers and to develop robust assays using mouse, rabbit or goat monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. This universal multiplex planar homebrew assay format combines the accuracy, reproducibility and high sensitivity of Simoa Planar Array technology with total analyte flexibility, and provides assay developers a simple and versatile method to rapidly develop robust high-sensitivity multiplex assays for any analyte of their choice.
New Developments in Imaging Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With Hyperpolarized Xenon Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2019)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive pulmonary disease that is ultimately fatal. Although the diagnosis of IPF has been revolutionized by high-resolution computed tomography, this imaging modality still exhibits significant limitations, particularly in assessing disease progression and therapy response. The need for noninvasive regional assessment has become more acute in light of recently introduced novel therapies and numerous others in the pipeline. Thus, it will likely be valuable to complement 3-dimensional imaging of lung structure with 3-dimensional regional assessment of function. This challenge is well addressed by hyperpolarized (HP) Xe magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), exploiting the unique properties of this inert gas to image its distribution, not only in the airspaces, but also in the interstitial barrier tissues and red blood cells. This single-breath imaging exam could ultimately become the ideal, noninvasive tool to assess pulmonary gas-exchange impairment in IPF. This review article will detail the evolution of HP Xe MRI from its early development to its current state as a clinical research platform. It will detail the key imaging biomarkers that can be generated from the Xe MRI examination, as well as their potential in IPF for diagnosis, prognosis, and assessment of therapeutic response. We conclude by discussing the types of studies that must be performed for HP Xe MRI to be incorporated into the IPF clinical algorithm and begin to positively impact IPF disease diagnosis and management.
GFL-dependent TRP channel activation and its impact on airway hyperreactivity in asthma (2014)

Glial cell-line derived growth factor (GDNF) and artemin are neurotrophic factors of the GDNF family of ligands. GDNF binds to its co-receptor GDNF family receptor alpha1 (GFRα1) and artemin to GFRα3. Both signal through the receptor tyrosine kinase RET. Previously, we have shown that GFL-receptors and channels of the transient receptor potential (TRP) family, TRPV1 and TRPA1, are co-expressed in lung-labelled jugular-nodose C-fibers. Even though RET was constitutively expressed in C-fibers, GFRα1 was predominantly expressed in nodose C-fibers (placode-derived), whereas GFRα3 expression was restricted to jugular C-fibers (neural crest-derived). The aim of the study was to compare the effects of GDNF- and artemin-induced RET activation on TRPV1- and TRPA1-function in jugular and nodose C-fibers and to speculate about their role in allergic asthma, which is associated with TRP-channel dysfunction.
Effect of Urban Sources on Acid Precipitation in the Western United States (1980)

The letter responds to a previous article by Lewis, W.M. and Grant, M.C. in Science 207:176. The authors take issue with the averaged pollutant concentrations reported in the article and indicate the need to consider the severity of individual pollution episodes. (ACR)
The Emotional State of the Patient after Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty (2007)

The new processes of total hip and knee arthroplasty partly engendered by mini-incision surgery have helped patients achieve all three goals of their operation: pain relief, improvement in function, and satisfaction. Satisfaction means the patient is no longer self-conscious about their disability and has regained the ability to live in their world in their usual way. The emotional state of the patient preoperatively, in the hospital, and during recovery will affect their feeling of satisfaction. Proper preoperative education makes patients more optimistic, and they anticipate fewer problems. In the hospital, a multimodal pain management program limits the use of parenteral narcotics and avoids the side effects of nausea and vomiting, which is the most important factor for in-hospital satisfaction. Recovery with an active physical therapy program individualized for the abilities and goals of the patient improves function and satisfaction. Surgeons must understand the expectations of the patient, direct them to realistic goals, and use the new processes of patient care to allow patients to exceed their expectations.
A Simple Route to Functionalized Δ1-Pyrrolenines (2013)

International audience
Ethnic differences in the association between blood pressure components and chronic kidney disease in middle aged and older Asian adults (2013)

Hypertension was associated with CKD in Chinese, Malays and Indians. However, the BP components were associated with CKD only in Malays.