gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron transfer in voltage tunable two-color infrared photodetectors (2002)

Two-color quantum-well infrared photodetectors (QWIPs) that are based on electron transfer between coupled QWs suffer from the presence of the shorter wavelength peak at all bias voltages. We investigate this problem in such detectors with 50 or 200 Å AlGaAs barriers between the QW pair. We deduce the absorption coefficient α and photoconductive gain g of the detectors with 50 Å barriers using corrugated QWIPs with different corrugation periods. We find that α has a number of small peaks in its spectrum but its value remains almost constant between 0.1 and 0.2 μm−1 in the 6–12 μm range for most experimental conditions. The wavelength dependence of g, which always has a pronounced peak at the shorter detection wavelength, determines the responsivity line shape. These results are attributed to insufficient electron transfer between the coupled QWs and to low tunneling probability of the longer wavelength photoelectrons. A comparison of measured responsivity and calculated absorption spectrum of the detectors with 200 Å barriers indicates that there is significant electron transfer between the coupled wells. Despite efficient electron transfer, these detectors have a shorter wavelength detection peak at all bias voltages because of significant short wavelength absorption in both the QWs.
Recovery of corn oil from ethanol extracts of ground corn using membrane technology (2005)

Abstract The recovery of additional co‐products from the dry‐grind process for ethanol could influence the industry greatly, as most facilities today rely on subsidies and tax incentives to operate. Modification of the process to include the extraction of oil could add $0.30–0.50 per bushel to the value derived from corn. A process combining solvent extraction with membrane technology to recover the oil was investigated. To evaluate the feasibility of this process, several nanofiltration membranes were tested for their stability in ethanol. Each of the membranes was conditioned with a solution of water/ethanol (0–100 vol/vol%) and the top three were chosen based on their performance with respect to flux and rejection. Beginning at 5 g/L, solutions of corn oil in ethanol were concentrated to over 100 g/L with the DK (Osmonics‐Desal, Minnetonka, MN), TFC‐SR1 (Koch Membrane Systems, Inc., Wilmington, MA) and TFC‐SR2 (Koch) membranes. The liquid extract was then similarly concentrated, yielding a retentate fraction that was highly concentrated with solids in addition to corn oil, such as protein (zein), lecithins, and other potentially high‐value fractions soluble in ethanol. Analysis of the extract retentate showed a significant increase in oil concentration with an increase in the volume concentration ratio, indicating that pure ethanol extracts from corn may be successfully concentrated using nanofiltration membranes.
DETECTION OF ADIPONECTIN AND MONOCYTE CHEMOATTRACTANT PROTEIN-1 USING A CALIXCROWN DERIVATIVES-COATED PROTEIN CHIP (2012)

We used a ProteoChip coated with a calixcrown derivative protein linker to measure adiponectin and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) levels and compared the results with commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Adiponectin and MCP-1 levels in normal human serum and RAW264 cell supernatants, respectively, were measured. The ProteoChip quantification results correlated with those from the ELISA kits; however, the ProteoChip required less sample volume, exhibited higher sensitivity, and had a wider detection range. The ProteoChip was capable of detecting and quantifying small amounts of protein, possibly replacing ELISA kits in evaluating the levels of adiponectin and MCP-1.
Crowdsourcing Evaluation of Ureteroscopic Videos Using the Post-Ureteroscopic Lesion Scale to Assess Ureteral Injury (2017)

In this initial application of crowd-sourced evaluation of ureteral injury, there was a moderately strong correlation between crowd and expert ratings. Refinement of the training, through exposure to the nuances of ureteral injuries, in particular for PULS <1 or ≥3, may lead to better crowd/expert correlation. Compared to expert review, crowd data can be collected with much greater efficiency.
Cell viability in the endothelium of porcine cornea exposed to ultrashort laser pulses (2015)

In this study we investigate the viability of endothelial cells in porcine corneas after exposure to ultrashort laser pulses under experimental conditions similar to keratoplasty (corneal grafting). Cell death and survival thresholds are determined and compared to estimated amplitudes of the shock waves generated by the laser pulses.
Data from Gene expression profiling-based identification of cell-surface targets for developing multimeric ligands in pancreatic cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Multimeric ligands are ligands that contain multiple binding domains that simultaneously target multiple cell-surface proteins. Due to cooperative binding, multimeric ligands can have high avidity for cells (tumor) expressing all targeting proteins and only show minimal binding to cells (normal tissues) expressing none or only some of the targets. Identifying combinations of targets that concurrently express in tumor cells but not in normal cells is a challenging task. Here, we describe a novel approach for identifying such combinations using genome-wide gene expression profiling followed by immunohistochemistry. We first generated a database of mRNA gene expression profiles for 28 pancreatic cancer specimens and 103 normal tissue samples representing 28 unique tissue/cell types using DNA microarrays. The expression data for genes that encode proteins with cell-surface epitopes were then extracted from the database and analyzed using a novel multivariate rule-based computational approach to identify gene combinations that are expressed at an efficient binding level in tumors but not in normal tissues. These combinations were further ranked according to the proportion of tumor samples that expressed the sets at efficient levels. Protein expression of the genes contained in the top ranked combinations was confirmed using immunohistochemistry on a pancreatic tumor tissue and normal tissue microarrays. Coexpression of targets was further validated by their combined expression in pancreatic cancer cell lines using immunocytochemistry. These validated gene combinations thus encompass a list of cell-surface targets that can be used to develop multimeric ligands for the imaging and treatment of pancreatic cancer. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(9):3071–80]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Temperature Dependent Capacitance–Voltage Analysis of Unintentionally Doped and Si Doped Al0.82In0.18N Grown on GaN (2011)

Unintentionally doped (UID) and Si doped Al 0.82 In 0.18 N samples were grown on Si-doped GaN by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. The high structural quality of the Al 0.82 In 0.18 N layers was confirmed by high resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurement showed oxygen levels of (2–6)×10 18 cm -3 regardless of the explored growth conditions. Vertical Schottky diodes were fabricated with a Pd-based Schottky contact on Al 0.82 In 0.18 N and Ti/Al/Ni/Au-based ohmic contact on n-type GaN. Capacitance–voltage ( C – V ) analysis showed that UID Al 0.82 In 0.18 N was an n-type with a carrier density of about 3×10 17 cm -3 in the bulk region at 300 K. Based on the temperature dependent C – V analysis from 100 to 300 K, the donor activation energy was found to be 4 meV, showing very weak temperature dependence despite the large bandgap of Al 0.82 In 0.18 N. Si-doped Al 0.82 In 0.18 N ([Si] ≃2×10 18 cm -3 ) showed almost no carrier freeze-out at carrier density of 1.0×10 18 cm -3 .
Activity in grafted human iPS cell–derived cortical neurons integrated in stroke-injured rat brain regulates motor behavior (2020)

Stem cell transplantation can improve behavioral recovery after stroke in animal models but whether stem cell-derived neurons become functionally integrated into stroke-injured brain circuitry is poorly understood. Here we show that intracortically grafted human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived cortical neurons send widespread axonal projections to both hemispheres of rats with ischemic lesions in the cerebral cortex. Using rabies virus-based transsynaptic tracing, we find that at 6 mo after transplantation, host neurons in the contralateral somatosensory cortex receive monosynaptic inputs from grafted neurons. Immunoelectron microscopy demonstrates myelination of the graft-derived axons in the corpus callosum and that their terminals form excitatory, glutamatergic synapses on host cortical neurons. We show that the stroke-induced asymmetry in a sensorimotor (cylinder) test is reversed by transplantation. Light-induced inhibition of halorhodopsin-expressing, grafted neurons does not recreate the impairment, indicating that its reversal is not due to neuronal activity in the graft. However, we find bilateral decrease of motor performance in the cylinder test after light-induced inhibition of either grafted or endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons, located in the same area, and after inhibition of endogenous halorhodopsin-expressing cortical neurons by exposure of their axons to light on the contralateral side. Our data indicate that activity in the grafted neurons, probably mediated through transcallosal connections to the contralateral hemisphere, is involved in maintaining normal motor function. This is an example of functional integration of efferent projections from grafted neurons into the stroke-affected brain's neural circuitry, which raises the possibility that such repair might be achievable also in humans affected by stroke.
1398: Effects of Patient Risk on the Learning Curve for Radical Prostatectomy: Evidence that Recurrence in Organ-Confined Cancer is Largely Related to Inadequate Surgical Technique (2007)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster 42, Tuesday, May 22, 2007, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 20071398: Effects of Patient Risk on the Learning Curve for Radical Prostatectomy: Evidence that Recurrence in Organ-Confined Cancer is Largely Related to Inadequate Surgical Technique Andrew J. Vickers, Fernando J. Bianco, Angel M. Serio, James A. Eastham, Deborah Schrag, Mithat Gonen, Eric A. Klein, Alwyn M. Reuther, Michael W. Kaftan, J. Edson Pontes, and Peter T. Scardino Andrew J. VickersAndrew J. Vickers More articles by this author , Fernando J. BiancoFernando J. Bianco More articles by this author , Angel M. SerioAngel M. Serio More articles by this author , James A. EasthamJames A. Eastham More articles by this author , Deborah SchragDeborah Schrag More articles by this author , Mithat GonenMithat Gonen More articles by this author , Eric A. KleinEric A. Klein More articles by this author , Alwyn M. ReutherAlwyn M. Reuther More articles by this author , Michael W. KaftanMichael W. Kaftan More articles by this author , J. Edson PontesJ. Edson Pontes More articles by this author , and Peter T. ScardinoPeter T. Scardino More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)31599-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1398: Effects of Patient Risk on the Learning Curve for Radical Prostatectomy: Evidence that Recurrence in Organ-Confined Cancer is Largely Related to Inadequate Surgical Technique." The Journal of Urology, 177(4S), p. 460 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 4SApril 2007Page: 460 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Andrew J. Vickers More articles by this author Fernando J. Bianco More articles by this author Angel M. Serio More articles by this author James A. Eastham More articles by this author Deborah Schrag More articles by this author Mithat Gonen More articles by this author Eric A. Klein More articles by this author Alwyn M. Reuther More articles by this author Michael W. Kaftan More articles by this author J. Edson Pontes More articles by this author Peter T. Scardino More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Pinostrobin Suppresses the α-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone-Induced Melanogenic Signaling Pathway (2023)

Pinostrobin is a dietary flavonoid found in several plants that possesses pharmacological properties, such as anti-cancer, anti-virus, antioxidant, anti-ulcer, and anti-aromatase effects. However, it is unclear if pinostrobin exerts anti-melanogenic properties and, if so, what the underlying molecular mechanisms comprise. Therefore, we, in this study, investigated whether pinostrobin inhibits melanin biosynthesis in vitro and in vivo, as well as the potential associated mechanism. Pinostrobin reduced mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro in a concentration-dependent manner, with an IC<sub>50</sub> of 700 μM. Molecular docking simulations further revealed that pinostrobin forms a hydrogen bond, as well as other non-covalent interactions, between the C-type lectin-like fold and polyphenol oxidase chain, rather than the previously known copper-containing catalytic center. Additionally, pinostrobin significantly decreased α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced extracellular and intracellular melanin production, as well as tyrosinase activity, in B16F10 melanoma cells. More specifically, pinostrobin inhibited the α-MSH-induced melanin biosynthesis signaling pathway by suppressing the cAMP-CREB-MITF axis. In fact, pinostrobin also attenuated pigmentation in α-MSH-stimulated zebrafish larvae without causing cardiotoxicity. The findings suggest that pinostrobin effectively inhibits melanogenesis in vitro and in vivo via regulation of the cAMP-CREB-MITF axis.
CT-guided injection of 32P for the management of irresectable pancreatic carcinoma (1999)

Heriot, A. G.; Vowles, R.; Masoomi, M.; Britton, A.; Ganes, J.; Mudan, S.; Kumar, D.; Glees, J.; Knight, M.; McCready, V. R.
Imatinib increases oxygen delivery in extracellular matrix-rich but not in matrix-poor experimental carcinoma (2017)

Our data suggest that the effects of imatinib on pO<sub>2</sub>-levels depend on a well-developed ECM and provide further support to the suggestion that imatinib acts by causing interstitial stroma cells to produce a less dense ECM, which would in turn allow for an increased blood flow. The potential of imatinib treatment to render solid tumors more accessible to conventional treatments would therefore depend on the degree of tumor desmoplasia.
C COMPILER FOR HPS I, A HIGHLY PARALLEL EXECUTION ENGINE. (1986)

Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) and paracetamol can be administered off-label to cattle. Since the use of these veterinary medicines in cattle may pose a public health risk after meat consumption, it is important to translate measured concentrations in urine and tissues into concentrations in meat for human consumption. A generic physiologically-based kinetic (PBK) model for cattle can enable this translation. In this work, a beef cattle PBK model was applied to calculate the relationships between concentrations in different bovine tissues and those were compared to measured concentrations in different matrices. Sixty-seven kidney samples, the corresponding urine and meat samples, and available 19 serum samples were analysed. Overall, 70% of the PBK model predictions are within a 2-fold factor and relationships for kidney/meat, urine/meat, and plasma/meat ratios were established. The conversions of measured kidney concentrations into meat concentrations were mostly within a factor two, while those based on plasma and urine were underpredicted. Based on these ratios, plasma and urine could be used as an appropriate surrogate matrix for a fast, simple in vivo sample screening test under field conditions, such as in local farms and slaughterhouses, to predict a maximum residue level exceedance in meat, reducing the number of test samples.
Gene Transfer of Hepatocyte Growth Factor to Subarachnoid Space in Cerebral Hypoperfusion Model (2002)

Although cerebral hypoperfusion caused by cerebral occlusive disease leads to cerebral ischemic events, an effective treatment has not yet been established. Recently, a novel therapeutic strategy for ischemic disease using angiogenic growth factors to expedite and/or augment collateral artery development has been proposed. Therapeutic angiogenesis might be useful for the treatment of cerebral occlusive disease. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potent angiogenic factor, in addition to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), whereas in the nervous system HGF also acts as neurotrophic factor. Therefore, we hypothesized that gene transfer of these angiogenic growth factors could induce angiogenesis, thus providing an effective therapy for cerebral hypoperfusion or stroke. In this study, we employed a highly efficient gene transfer method, the viral envelop (Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan [HVJ]-liposome) method, because we previously documented that beta-galactosidase gene could be transfected into the brain by the HVJ-liposome method. Indeed, we confirmed wide distribution of transgene expression using beta-galactosidase via injection into the subarachnoid space. Of importance, transfection of HGF or VEGF gene into the subarachnoid space 7 days before occlusion induced angiogenesis on the brain surface as assessed by alkaline phosphatase staining (P<0.01). In addition, significant improvement of cerebral blood flow (CBF) was observed by laser Doppler imaging (LDI) 7 days after occlusion (P<0.01). Unexpectedly, transfection of HGF or VEGF gene into the subarachnoid space immediately after occlusion of the bilateral carotid arteries also induced angiogenesis on the brain surface and had a significant protective effect on the impairment of CBF by carotid occlusion (P<0.01). Interestingly, coinjection of recombinant HGF with HGF gene transfer revealed a further increase in CBF (P<0.01). Here, we demonstrated successful therapeutic angiogenesis using HGF or VEGF gene transfer into the subarachnoid space to improve cerebral hypoperfusion, thus providing a new therapeutic strategy for cerebral ischemic disease.
Appearance Modelling and Reconstruction for Navigation in Minimally Invasive Surgery (2012)

Minimally invasive surgery is playing an increasingly important role for patient care. Whilst its direct patient benefit in terms of reduced trauma, improved recovery and shortened hospitalisation has been well established, there is a sustained need for improved training of the existing procedures and the development of new smart instruments to tackle the issue of visualisation, ergonomic control, haptic and tactile feedback. For endoscopic intervention, the small field of view in the presence of a complex anatomy can easily introduce disorientation to the operator as the tortuous access pathway is not always easy to predict and control with standard endoscopes. Effective training through simulation devices, based on either virtual reality or mixed-reality simulators, can help to improve the spatial awareness, consistency and safety of these procedures. This thesis examines the use of endoscopic videos for both simulation and navigation purposes. More specifically, it addresses the challenging problem of how to build high-fidelity subject-specific simulation environments for improved training and skills assessment. Issues related to mesh parameterisation and texture blending are investigated. With the maturity of computer vision in terms of both 3D shape reconstruction and localisation and mapping, vision-based techniques have enjoyed significant interest in recent years for surgical navigation. The thesis also tackles the problem of how to use vision-based techniques for providing a detailed 3D map and dynamically expanded field of view to improve spatial awareness and avoid operator disorientation. The key advantage of this approach is that it does not require additional hardware, and thus introduces minimal interference to the existing surgical workflow. The derived 3D map can be effectively integrated with pre-operative data, allowing both global and local 3D navigation by taking into account tissue structural and appearance changes. Both simulation and laboratory-based experiments are conducted throughout this research to assess the practical value of the method proposed.
Image-guided sonoporation in an ex vivo machine perfused porcine liver (2015)

image after sonoporation showing a perfusion defect.
Locus Coeruleus Mediates Cold Stress-Induced Polycystic Ovary in Rats (2008)

Previous reports about the rat ovary have shown that cold stress promotes ovarian morphological alterations related to a polycystic ovary (PCO) condition through activation of the ovarian sympathetic nerves. Because the noradrenergic nucleus locus coeruleus (LC) is activated by cold stress and synaptically connected to the preganglionic cell bodies of the ovarian sympathetic pathway, this study aimed to evaluate the LC's role in cold stress-induced PCO in rats. Ovarian morphology and endocrine and sympathetic functions were evaluated after 8 wk of chronic intermittent cold stress (4 C, 3 h/d) in rats with or without LC lesion. The effect of acute and chronic cold stress upon the LC neuron activity was confirmed by Fos protein expression in tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons. Cold stress induced the formation of follicular cysts, type III follicles, and follicles with hyperthecosis alongside increased plasma estradiol and testosterone levels, irregular estrous cyclicity, and reduced ovulation. Considering estradiol release in vitro, cold stress potentiated the ovarian response to human chorionic gonadotropin. Ovarian norepinephrine (NE) was not altered after 8 wk of stress. However, LC lesion reduced NE activity in the ovary of cold-stressed rats, but not in controls, and prevented all the cold stress effects evaluated. Cold stress increased the number of Fos/tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the LC, but this effect was more pronounced for acute stress as compared with chronic stress. These results show that cold stress promotes PCO in rats, which apparently depends on ovarian NE activity that, under this condition, is regulated by the noradrenergic nucleus LC.
Optimizing dual threshold shocks with right- and left-ventricular electrodes: simulating defibrillation with a human thorax model (2002)

This research focuses on developing new implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) dual lead configurations that reduce the defibrillation threshold (DFT) energy by delivering a second threshold shock in the area where the conventional shock's electric field is weakest. The objective of this study is to optimize electrode placements for lead systems including left-ventricular (LV) electrodes. A physiologically realistic 3D finite element model of the human thorax is employed to compute DFTs. The lead configurations investigated consist of a conventional lead system (TRIAD/sup TM/, Guidant Corporation) and additional LV shocking electrodes placed in the apical and basal portion of the posteriolateral coronary vein or directly within the TRIAD system's weak field region. The LV electrodes measure 50 mm in length and 1 mm in diameter. The computed DFT energy for the TRIAD is 6.2 J, falling within one standard deviation of the mean DFT reported in clinical studies using the TRIAD leads. LV leads located in the apical and basal portion of the posteriolateral coronary vein result in a DFT of 3.1 J, a 50% reduction from the TRIAD alone. LV leads placed in the anterior, middle, and posterior TRLAD weak field result in a DFT of 2.9 J, 2.7 J., and 3.5 J, respectively, corresponding to a 44-56% reduction in DFT from the TRIAD. The results indicate that an additional electrode placed in the proximity of the TRIAD weak field is just as effective in reducing DFTs as one placed directly within the weak field.