gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated Detection of Iris Furrows and their Influence on Dynamic Iris Volume Change (2017)

We introduced a new method for detecting iris surface furrows and identify its associations with dynamic changes in iris volume in healthy eyes. Swept-source optical coherence tomography was performed on 65 subjects with open angle under light and dark conditions. Iris boundaries were identified and a reconstruction of the anterior iris surface was obtained. Furrows were detected by identifying locally deep (minima) points on the iris surface and reported as furrow length in millimetres. Iris volume was quantified. Associations between furrow length and dynamic changes in iris volume were assessed using linear regression model. With pupil dilation, furrow length increased (15.84 mm) whereas iris volume decreased (-1.19 ± 0.66 mm<sup>3</sup>). Longer furrow length was associated with larger static iris volume, as well as smaller loss of iris volume with pupil dilation (β = -0.10, representing 0.1 mm<sup>3</sup> less loss in iris volume per 10 mm increase in iris furrow length; P = 0.002, adjusted for age, gender and changes in pupil size). Our iris furrow length measurements are robust and intuitive. Eyes with longer furrows have larger iris volume and lose less volume during physiological pupil dilation. These findings highlight the potential for iris surface features as indicators of iris morphological behavior.
Source for extreme ultraviolet lithography based on plasma sustained by millimeter-wave gyrotron radiation (2012)

An extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) source based on a low-pressure discharge sustained in a magnetic trap by the high-power millimeter-wave radiation under electron-cyclotron-resonance (ECR) conditions is discussed. Multiple charged ions are efficiently generated and excited in such a discharge (tin ions injected into the trap from a vacuum-arc discharge were used) and emit line radiation in the desired wavelength range. A radiation power of 50 W into a solid angle of 4π sr in a wavelength range of 13.5 nm±1% and an efficiency of about 1% for the conversion of the microwave radiation absorbed in the plasma to the extreme ultraviolet radiation were achieved in the preliminary experiments. The article describes in detail the method of measuring EUV light emission power and background radiation. The emissivity of the plasma heated by gyrotron radiation with frequencies of 170 and 300 GHz is calculated. The proposed scheme can reduce the size of the emitting region up to ∼ 1 mm. The source can operate in both continuous and in pulsed mode.
Probable Lack of Seed Transmission of Sweet Potato Feathery Mottle Virus in Sweet Potato (1990)

The establishment of a sweet potato repository in Georgia that will eventually accept and distribute true seed of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.] raised the question of seed transmission of viruses, especially of sweet potato feathery mottle virus (SPFMV). Seedlings obtained from virus-infected parent plants were free of viral infection. Examination of virus distribution in virus-infected plants determined that SPFMV was present in vegetative tissue, but not in reproductive organs, indicating that the probability of SPFMV transmission in sweet potato through seed is very low.
Graphene-Based Thermopile for Thermal Imaging Applications (2015)

In this work, we leverage graphene's unique tunable Seebeck coefficient for the demonstration of a graphene-based thermal imaging system. By integrating graphene based photothermo-electric detectors with micromachined silicon nitride membranes, we are able to achieve room temperature responsivities on the order of ~7-9 V/W (at λ = 10.6 μm), with a time constant of ~23 ms. The large responsivities, due to the combination of thermal isolation and broadband infrared absorption from the underlying SiN membrane, have enabled detection as well as stand-off imaging of an incoherent blackbody target (300-500 K). By comparing the fundamental achievable performance of these graphene-based thermopiles with standard thermocouple materials, we extrapolate that graphene's high carrier mobility can enable improved performances with respect to two main figures of merit for infrared detectors: detectivity (>8 × 10(8) cm Hz(1/2) W(-1)) and noise equivalent temperature difference (<100 mK). Furthermore, even average graphene carrier mobility (<1000 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)) is still sufficient to detect the emitted thermal radiation from a human target.
A rigorous study of microstrip crossovers and their possible improvements (1994)

A theoretical study of microstrip crossovers is presented. For an air-bridge interconnect in a crossover configuration, the equivalent circuit examined exhibits low-pass filter characteristics. To reduce the return loss in the passband, insertion of discrete shunt capacitors is proposed and investigated. These shunt capacitors are treated as linear lumped elements and connected by via-holes of rectangular cross section. It is emphasized that air-bridges, via-holes and lumped elements used in this particular application are all rigorously included in a full-wave spectral-domain analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of Polymer Flows in Very Thin Gaps (2007)

The flow of polymers in micromolding applications is dominated by shear stresses. At high flow velocities and small wall thicknesses, the shear rates can exceed the typical characterization scheme of 10,000 reciprocal seconds. Yet, the effective design of micromolded parts and micromolding processes requires a correct understanding of the flow dynamics. In this paper, analytical models assuming power law fluid behavior are developed and experimentally validated for wall thicknesses of 10, 20, and 100 micro meters. A design of experiments is conducted to consider the effect of wall thickness, channel width, melt temperature, and pressure on flow rate in an isothermal molding process. The results indicate that the power law model is a valid representation for viscous polymer flow in very thin gaps under isothermal conditions, though further work is required to validate the non-isothermal dynamics.
Cloning and molecular analysis of the galE gene of Neisseria meningitidls and its role in lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis (1993)

The galE gene from Haemophilus influenzae was used as a hybridization probe for the galE gene of Neisseria meningitidis Group B, identifying two different homologous loci. Each of the loci was cloned and nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that both loci contained sequences similar to galE. One contained a functional galE gene and mapped to the capsule biosynthetic locus. The second contained only a partial galE-coding sequence, which did not express a functional gene product. A galE mutant meningococcal strain was constructed by transformation with an inactivated galE gene. Analysis of the LPS from the galE mutant strain revealed an apparent reduction in molecular weight and a loss of reactivity with monoclonal antibodies specific for structures known to contain galactose. These results are consistent with an essential role for galE in the incorporation of galactose into meningococcal lipopolysaccharide.
Atomic Level Direct Imaging of Cation ordering and phase separation in Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 nanoflakes (2012)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2012 in Phoenix, Arizona, USA, July 29 – August 2, 2012.
Total synthesis of indisocin and N-methylindisocin. (1987)

Recently, we isolated a new isonitrile antibiotic indisocini:) (1) (Fig. In this paper, we report the total synthesis of ()-(E,Z)indisocin and (MZs,Z)-AT~methylindisocin and the configuration of olefinic group in indisocin.
Determination of the molecular weight between cross‐links of elastomeric stocks by tensile retraction measurements I. SBR vulcanizates (1986)

Abstract Tensile retraction measurements were used to determine the effective molecular weight between cross‐links of vulcanized SBR rubbers. The procedure has proven to be a rapid, precise, and reproducible method of obtaining the total number of effective cross‐links present in an unperturbed elastomer. Since the only data needed besides stress‐strain curves were the sample density and the volume fraction of filler present, questionable evaluation of unknown constants was avoided. In addition, an indication of the interactions between the polymer and filler can be studied. Such a relationship with hydrocarbon rubbers appears to give information that will directly relate to end use applications.
Real‐world experience among patients with relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma after Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor failure in Europe: The SCHOLAR‐2 retrospective chart review study (2022)

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after relapse is associated with poor prognosis. No standard of care exists and available evidence for treatments is limited, particularly in patients who fail Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor (BTKi) therapy. This multicentre retrospective chart review study, SCHOLAR-2, addresses this knowledge gap and reports on data collected from 240 patients with relapsed/refractory MCL in Europe who were treated with BTKi-based therapy between July 2012 and July 2018, and had experienced disease progression while on BTKi therapy or discontinued BTKi therapy due to intolerance. The median overall survival (OS) from initiation of first BTKi therapy was 14.6 months (95% confidence interval [CI] 11.6-20.0) in the overall cohort, 5.5 months (95% CI 3.9-8.2) in 91 patients without post-BTKi therapy, and 23.8 months (95% CI 18.9-30.1) in 149 patients who received post-BTKi therapy (excluding chimeric antigen receptor T-cell treatment). In the latter group, patients received a median of one (range, one to seven) line of post-BTKi therapy, with lenalidomide-containing regimens and bendamustine plus rituximab being the most frequently administered; the median OS from initiation of first post-BTKi therapy was 9.7 months (95% CI 6.3-12.7). These results provide a benchmark for survival in patients with R/R MCL receiving salvage therapy after BTKi failure.
Control of the Pore Texture in Nanoporous Silicon via Chemical Dissolution (2015)

The surface and textural properties of porous silicon (pSi) control many of its physical properties essential to its performance in key applications such as optoelectronics, energy storage, luminescence, sensing, and drug delivery. Here, we combine experimental and theoretical tools to demonstrate that the surface roughness at the nanometer scale of pSi can be tuned in a controlled fashion using partial thermal oxidation followed by removal of the resulting silicon oxide layer with hydrofluoric acid (HF) solution. Such a process is shown to smooth the pSi surface by means of nitrogen adsorption, electron microscopy, and small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering. Statistical mechanics Monte Carlo simulations, which are consistent with the experimental data, support the interpretation that the pore surface is initially rough and that the oxidation/oxide removal procedure diminishes the surface roughness while increasing the pore diameter. As a specific example considered in this work, the initial roughness ξ ∼ 3.2 nm of pSi pores having a diameter of 7.6 nm can be decreased to 1.0 nm following the simple procedure above. This study allows envisioning the design of pSi samples with optimal surface properties toward a specific process.
Targeting Adenoviral Vectors by Using the Extracellular Domain of the Coxsackie-Adenovirus Receptor: Improved Potency via Trimerization (2002)

Adenovirus binds to mammalian cells via interaction of fiber with the coxsackie-adenovirus receptor (CAR). Redirecting adenoviral vectors to enter target cells via new receptors has the advantage of increasing the efficiency of gene delivery and reducing nonspecific transduction of untargeted tissues. In an attempt to reach this goal, we have produced bifunctional molecules with soluble CAR (sCAR), which is the extracellular domain of CAR fused to peptide-targeting ligands. Two peptide-targeting ligands have been evaluated: a cyclic RGD peptide (cRGD) and the receptor-binding domain of apolipoprotein E (ApoE). Human diploid fibroblasts (HDF) are poorly transduced by adenovirus due to a lack of CAR on the surface. Addition of the sCAR-cRGD or sCAR-ApoE targeting protein to adenovirus redirected binding to the appropriate receptor on HDF. However, a large excess of the monomeric protein was needed for maximal transduction, indicating a suboptimal interaction. To improve interaction of sCAR with the fiber knob, an isoleucine GCN4 trimerization domain was introduced, and trimerization was verified by cross-linking analysis. Trimerized sCAR proteins were significantly better at interacting with fiber and inhibiting binding to HeLa cells. Trimeric sCAR proteins containing cRGD and ApoE were more efficient at transducing HDF in vitro than the monomeric proteins. In addition, the trimerized sCAR protein without targeting ligands efficiently blocked liver gene transfer in normal C57BL/6 mice. However, addition of either ligand failed to retarget the liver in vivo. One explanation may be the large complex size, which serves to decrease the bioavailability of the trimeric sCAR-adenovirus complexes. In summary, we have demonstrated that trimerization of sCAR proteins can significantly improve the potency of this targeting approach in altering vector tropism in vitro and allow the efficient blocking of liver gene transfer in vivo.
Therapy in nephrology and hypertension (2012)

Therapy in nephrology and hypertension , Therapy in nephrology and hypertension , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Optical Coherence Refraction Tomography (2021)

Combining principles of computed tomography with modern machine-learning tools significantly improves OCT’s resolution while extending imaging depth, reducing noise and reconstructing refractive-index maps of biological samples.
Improving the match between callers and receivers: A study on the effect of contextual information on cell phone interruptions (2006)

A problem with the location-free nature of cell phones is that callers have difficulty predicting receivers' states, leading to inappropriate calls. One promising solution involves helping callers decide when to interrupt by providing them contextual information about receivers. We tested the effectiveness of different kinds of contextual information by measuring the degree of agreement between receivers' desires and callers' decisions. In a simulation, five groups of participants played the role of ‘Callers’, choosing between making calls or leaving messages, and a sixth group played the role of ‘Receivers’, choosing between receiving calls or receiving messages. Callers were provided different contextual information about Receivers' locations, their cell phones' ringer state, the presence of others, or no information at all. Callers provided with contextual information made significantly more accurate decisions than those without it. Our results suggest that different contextual information generates different kinds of improvements: more appropriate interruptions or better avoidance of inappropriate interruptions. We discuss the results and implications for practice in the light of other important considerations, such as privacy and technological simplicity.
Co2(CO)8-Catalyzed Reactions of Acetals or Lactones with Hydrosilanes and Carbon Monoxide. A New Access to the Preparation of 1,2-Diol Derivatives through Siloxymethylation (2020)

Abstract The Co2(CO)8-catalyzed reaction of acetals with hydrosilanes and CO under mild reaction conditions (an ambient temperature under an ambient CO pressure), leading to the production of vicinal diols is reported. A siloxymethyl group can be introduced via the cleavage of one of two alkoxy groups in the acetal. The effects of the types of hydrosilanes, acetals, solvents, and reaction temperatures on the yield of siloxymethylation products were examined in detail. The reactivity for hydrosilanes is as follows; HSiMe3 &amp;gt; HSiEtMe2 &amp;gt; HSiEt2Me &amp;gt; HSiEt3. Hemiacetal esters are more reactive than dimethyl acetals. The polarity of the solvent used also has a significant effect on both the course of the reaction as well as the reaction rate. The site-selective siloxymethylation can be achieved in the case of cyclic acetals such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and tetrahydropyrane (THP) derivatives, depending on the nature of the oxygen substituent attached adjacent to the oxygen atom in the ring. When 2-alkoxy THF or THP derivatives are used as substrates, the siloxymethylation takes place with cleavage of the ring C-O bond. In contrast, the reaction of 2-acetoxy THF or THP derivatives results in siloxymethylation with the cleavage of C-OAc bond. The ring-opening siloxymethylation of lactones was also examined.
Phosphor Deposits of β-Sialon:Eu2+ Mixed with SnO2 Nanoparticles Fabricated by the Electrophoretic Deposition (EPD) Process (2014)

The phosphor deposits of the β-sialon:Eu<sup>2+</sup> mixed with various amounts (0-1 g) of the SnO₂ nanoparticles were fabricated by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. The mixed SnO₂ nanoparticles was observed to cover onto the particle surfaces of the β-sialon:Eu<sup>2+</sup> as well as fill in the voids among the phosphor particles. The external and internal quantum efficiencies (QEs) of the prepared deposits were found to be dependent on the mixing amount of the SnO₂: by comparing with the deposit without any mixing (48% internal and 38% external QEs), after mixing the SnO₂ nanoparticles, the both QEs were improved to 55% internal and 43% external QEs at small mixing amount (0.05 g); whereas, with increasing the mixing amount to 0.1 and 1 g, they were reduced to 36% and 29% for the 0.1 g addition and 15% and 12% l QEs for the 1 g addition. More interestingly, tunable color appearances of the deposits prepared by the EPD process were achieved, from yellow green to blue, by varying the addition amount of the SnO₂, enabling it as an alternative technique instead of altering the voltage and depositing time for the color appearance controllability.
Anatomic validation of spatial normalization methods for PET. (1999)

The results of this study indicate that SPM95 is as effective a spatial normalization as HBA, although it does not use anatomic images. Large variance in structures other than the AC and size of the brain in the linear method suggests the necessity of nonlinear transformations for effective spatial normalization. Operator dependency of HBA also must be considered.
Aberrant methylation of Reprimo in human malignancies (2005)

Reprimo is a new candidate mediator of p53-mediated cell cycle arrest at the G2 phase. Loss of Reprimo gene expression accompanied by its promoter methylation was identified in pancreatic and lung cancers. Our aim was to examine the methylation status of Reprimo in a broad range of cancers. We examined Reprimo expression by RT-PCR and the DNA methylation status of the Reprimo promoter by MSP in 39 tumor cell lines. Loss or downregulation of Reprimo expression was frequent (62%), and we confirmed that transcriptional repression of Reprimo was caused by hypermethylation (overall concordance 92%). Treatment of expression-negative cells with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine restored Reprimo expression. We then examined aberrant methylation of Reprimo in 645 tumors representing 16 tumor types. Promoter methylation of Reprimo was found in 79% of gastric cancers, 62% of gallbladder cancers, 57% of lymphomas, 56% of colorectal cancers, 40% of esophageal adenocarcinomas, 37% of breast cancers and 31% of leukemias. Methylation frequencies in ovarian cancers, bladder cancers, cervical cancers, brain tumors, malignant mesotheliomas and pediatric tumors were lower (0-20%). Reprimo methylation was rarely detected in nonmalignant tissues (0-11%) except for gastric epithelia. While colorectal polyps were also frequently methylated (27%), chronic cholecystitis samples were infrequently methylated (4%). Furthermore, we failed to identify Reprimo mutation in colorectal and gastric cancer cell lines and 50 primary colorectal cancers. Aberrant methylation of Reprimo with loss of expression is a common event and may contribute to the pathogenesis of some types of human malignancy.
Oxygen-induced chromophore degradation in the photoswitchable red fluorescent protein rsCherry (2023)

Abstract Reversibly switchable monomeric Cherry (rsCherry) is a photoswitchable variant of the red fluorescent protein mCherry. We report that this protein gradually and irreversibly loses its red fluorescence in the dark over a period of months at 4°C and a few days at 37°C. We also find that its ancestor, mCherry, undergoes a similar fluorescence loss but at a slower rate. X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry reveal that this is caused by the cleavage of the p -hydroxyphenyl ring from the chromophore and the formation of two novel types of cyclic structures at the remaining chromophore moiety. Overall, our work sheds light on a new process occurring within fluorescent proteins, further adding to the chemical diversity and versatility of these molecules.
Biochemical analysis of a fibrinolytic enzyme purified from Bacillus subtilis strain A1 (2011)

A fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis strain Al was purified by chromatographic methods, including DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and Sephadex G-50 column gel filtration. The purified enzyme consisted of a monomeric subunit and was estimated to be approximately 28 kDa in size by SDS-PAGE. The specific activity of the fibrinolytic enzyme was 1632-fold higher than that of the crude enzyme extract. The fibrinolytic activity of the purified enzyme was approximately 0.62 and 1.33 U/ml in plasminogen-free and plasminogen-rich fibrin plates, respectively. Protease inhibitors PMSF, DIFP, chymostatin, and TPCK reduced the fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme to 13.7, 35.7, 15.7, and 23.3%, respectively. This result suggests that the enzyme purified from B. subtilis strain Al was a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. In addition, the optimum temperature and pH range of the fibrinolytic enzyme were 50°C and 6.0-10.0, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified enzyme was identified as Q-T-G-G-S-I-I-D-P-I-N-G-Y-N, which was highly distinguished from other known fibrinolytic enzymes. Thus, these results suggest a fibrinolytic enzyme as a novel thrombolytic agent from B. subtilis strain Al.
Exploiting the Visible Spectrum to Look Around Corners (2020)

We utilize latent spectral information to improve non-line-of-sight imaging by defining each spectral light field measurement as a mixture of background and object signals. Our experimental results show improvement by completely suppressing the background signal.
A Release Combined Scheduling Scheme for Non-Uniform Dependence Loops (2002)

In general, synchronization mechanisms can be used to preserve dependence constraints in any nested loop, and can be combined with a loop scheduling scheme to form a uniform framework to obtain the correct execution order and balance workload distribution. Most current scheduling mechanisms cannot handle non-uniform dependence loops. In this paper, we propose a new combined scheduling scheme called Release Combined Scheduling for Non-uniform Dependence Loops (RCS) to schedule non-uniform dependence doubly-nested loops in multiprocessor systems. It combines both static and dynamic scheduling mechanisms in order to optimize the system performance. In our approach, initialisation of a set of scheduling information is based on the concept of the minimum dependence distance. During runtime, scheduling information is used to adjust the number of parallelizable iterations. Our method is able to discover more parallelism from a given non-uniform dependence doubly-nested loop than is possible with previous approaches. The experimental results show that the RCS method reliably exploits parallelism and outperforms most of the existing non-uniform dependence loop scheduling schemes by 20.29%, on average.