gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visuaalinen maisema maatalouden ympäristöohjelman vaikuttavuuden seurannassa (1999)

Maatalouden ympäristöohjelman vaikuttavuuden seuranta (MYTVAS) -projektin osahankkeessa Visuaalinen maisema tutkimuksen perusmateriaaliksi valokuvattiin kesällä 1996 kymmenen tutkimusalueen otos eri puolilta Suomea. Aineistosta valittiin panoraamakuvia, joita muokattiin sekä maatalouden ympäristötukiohjelman erilaisilla perus- ja erityistuen toimenpiteillä että yhteiskunnallisilla muutostekijöillä. Kuvien muokkaus tehtiin Joensuun yliopistossa, joka myös vastasi käsitellyn kuva-aineiston arvottamisesta haastattelututkimuksen avulla. Suhtautuminen maatalouden ympäristöohjelman mukaisten toimenpiteiden vaikutuksiin maisemassa oli positiivista. Hoidettuja suojakaistoja pidettiin yleensä hoitamattomia suojakaistoja miellyttävämpinä. Suojakaistojen tärkeimpänä vaikutuksena pidettiin veden laadun paranemista vesistöissä. Viljelijöiden mielipiteet suaojakaistojen toiseksi ja kolmanneksi tärkeimmästä vaikutuksesta, rikkakasvien lisääntyminen ja viljelyalan pieneneminen, poikkesivat selvästi muiden haastateltujen mielipiteistä. Maatalouden ympäristötukiohjelmasta maisemanhoidon ja luonnon monimuotoisuuden edistämisen ei yleisesti tiedetty kuuluvan perustuen piiriin, kun taas erityistukimuotoihin kuuluvien vesiensuojelutoimien uskottiin olevan perustuen ehtoja. Tutkimuksen mukaan kaunein maisema oli valokuva maaseutumaisemasta, johon oli muokattu suojavyöhyke; kuvassa oli ennestään nähtävissä vesistöä ja maaston korkeuseroa. Maisemaa, johon oli muokattu yhteiskunnallisia muutosvisioita pidettiin keskimäärin vähemmän kauniina. Haastateltujen mielestä merkittävimpiä maaseutumaisemaa muuttavia tekijöitä Suomessa ovat peltojen metsitys ja hoitamattomuus.
Aufgaben des Neugeborenen-Notarzt-Systems (2016)

Die Bezeichnung „Neugeborenen-Notarzt“ ist in Deutschland als gesonderte bzw. eigene ärztliche Qualifikation ausgewiesen und wird von der Gesellschaft für Neonatologie und Pädiatrische Intensivmedizin (GNPI) [1] vergeben. Zur Erlangung dieser Qualifikation sind bestimmte Vorgaben zu erfüllen (s. Infobox).
Label Switched Path (LSP) Ping/Traceroute for Segment Routing SIDs with MPLS Data-plane (2018)

RFC8402 introduces Segment Routing architecture that leverages source
routing and tunneling paradigms and can be directly applied to the
Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) data plane. A node steers a
packet through a controlled set of instructions called segments, by
prepending the packet with Segment Routing header. SR architecture
defines different types of segments with different forwarding
semantics associated. RFC8287 defines the extensions to MPLS LSP Ping
and Traceroute for Segment Routing IGP-Prefix and IGP-Adjacency
Segment Identifier (SIDs) with an MPLS data plane. RFC8287 defines the
Target FEC Stack Sub-TLVs and the procedures to apply RFC8029 on SR
architecture with MPLS data plane. This document defines the Target
FEC Stack Sub-TLVs and the extension required for other SR Segments.
New Chromium Carbide–Nickel Chrome Materials for High Temperature Wear Applications (2000)

Abstract A new low-cost chromium carbide-nickel chrome powder has been developed. Potential applications for these powders include hard-chrome replacement, boiler tubes and turbine engine components. The erosive and abrasive wear properties of the deposited coatings have been found comparable to commercially available nickel-chromium based carbide materials. A significant advantage of these powders is higher deposition efficiency and carbon retention when coatings are deposited using HVOF thermal spray equipment. Results indicate deposition efficiencies up to 50% higher than commercially available carbide powders in the market today. Higher deposition efficiency effectively reduces the application costs allowing these materials to be competitive in a wider range of applications. Powder characteristics and the application costs data are included in this paper. Also discussed are microstructure-property relationships of the various coatings. Data including abrasive slurry wear, hardness, high- and low-angle erosion and superfinished surface finish is reported. Comparisons have been made to commercially available chemical clad and blended CrC-NiCr powders.
Improving Metabolic Stability by Glycosylation: Bifunctional Peptide Derivatives That Are Opioid Receptor Agonists and Neurokinin 1 Receptor Antagonists (2009)

In order to obtain a metabolically more stable analgesic peptide derivative, O-beta-glycosylated serine (Ser(Glc)) was introduced into TY027 (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Met-Pro-Leu-Trp-NH-3',5'-Bzl(CF(3))(2)) which was a previously reported bifunctional compound with delta/micro opioid agonist and neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist activities and with a half-life of 4.8 h in rat plasma. Incorporation of Ser(Glc) into various positions of TY027 gave analogues with variable bioactivities. Analogue 6 (Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Nle-Pro-Leu-Ser(Glc)-Trp-NH-3',5'-Bzl(CF(3))(2)) was found to have effective bifunctional activities with a well-defined conformation with two beta-turns based on the NMR conformational analysis in the presence of DPC micelles. In addition, 6 showed significant improvement in its metabolic stability (70 + or - 9% of 6 was intact after 24 h incubation in rat plasma). This improved metabolic stability, along with its effective and delta selective bifunctional activities, suggests that 6 could be an interesting research tool and possibly a promising candidate as a novel analgesic drug.
Efficacy and Safety of COVID-19 Convalescent Plasma in Hospitalized Patients (2021)

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04364737.
Recent Progress in Silicon Photonics R&D and Manufacturing on 300mm Wafer Platform (2015)

A low cost 28Gbits/s Silicon Photonics platform using 300mm SOI wafers is demonstrated. Process, 3D integration of Electronic and Photonic ICs, device performance, circuit results and low cost packaging are discussed.
Stability Margin Monitoring in Steering-Controlled Intelligent Walkers for the Elderly. (2005)

This paper emphasizes the importance of assessing stability index for steering-controlled three-wheeled walkers. The paper describes a stability computation model that can be used to generate a reference input to the intelligent sharedcontrol algorithm. The model can be used to evaluate the instantaneous stability margin of the walker-user system. This knowledge of the online stability of the walker will enable the shared controller to intelligently decide on the most appropriate time for the activation of the control to minimize the likelihood of jeopardizing the system stability as a result of the system’s control actions, and possibly prevent falls due to control actions. The results of a stability computation model, based on the force-angle stability measure, are presented for different walker-assisted navigational scenarios including: walking straight, making soft turns, making sharp turns, and control fighting. The results showed that assisted steering enhanced the user’s stability when the user’s and the walker’s intents were aligned. However, the results also indicated that a conflict between the user’s intent and the walker’s control actions (or walker’s intent) in so called intelligent walkers could jeopardize the stability of the walker-user system, and hence that of the walker’s user.
IDENTIFICATION OF HUMAN CANCERS DEFECTIVE IN ANTIGEN PROCESSING (1993)

Restifo, N. P.; Esquivel, F.; Kawakami, Y.; Yewdell, J. W.; Mulé, J. J.; Rosenberg, S. A.; Bennink, J. R. Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Preliminary Biological Evaluation of New α‐Amino Amide Anticonvulsants Incorporating a Dextromethorphan Moiety. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carbometalation of .alpha.,.omega.-Dienes and Olefins Catalyzed by Zirconocenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbometalation of .alpha.,.omega.-Dienes and Olefins Catalyzed by ZirconocenesKevin H. Shaughnessy and Robert M. WaymouthCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 21, 5873–5874Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00126a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00126a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views480Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Reduction of scaling in microwave induced membrane distillation on a carbon nanotube immobilized membrane (2019)

Membrane distillation (MD) is an emerging technology that has much potential in desalination and treatment of saline waste.
Measurements of the growth of air bubbles by rectified diffusion (1980)

Measurements are reported of the growth of air bubbles in water by rectified diffusion at 22.1 kHz. Values of the threshold acoustic pressure amplitude were obtained as a function of bubble radius, liquid surface tension, and gas concentration. Measurements of the rate of growth of bubbles by rectified diffusion were also obtained as a function of acoustic pressure amplitude for a range of different values of the liquid–vapor surface tension. It was determined that although both the threshold and the growth rate were in agreement with theory for normal values of the surface tension of water, the addition of a surfactant caused the observed thresholds and growth rates to deviate from the predicted values. Surface wave activity that could increase the diffusion rate by acoustic streaming was not detected at low radii and is not thought to be the principal mechanism for the increased diffusion. Some possible explanations are given for the effect.
Incidence and Severity of Combat Hand Burns After All Army Activity Message (2008)

Post-ALARACT, the incidence of hand burns remained unchanged. Despite an increase in burn severity, ratio of hand burn to TBSA decreased, suggesting a possible relationship between increased awareness and use of HP and decreased injury. Based on the data collected, the impact of the ALARACT is unclear. The importance of HP remains a priority. The fact that the incidence of hand burns remains unchanged demands our continued awareness and increased efforts.
Chemokine receptor CXCR3 promotes growth of glioma (2010)

Human glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor in adults. The poor prognosis and minimally successful treatments of GBM indicates a need to identify new therapeutic targets. In this study, we examined the role of CXCR3 in glioma progression using the GL261 murine model of malignant glioma. Intracranial GL261 tumors express CXCL9 and CXCL10 in vivo. Glioma-bearing CXCR3-deficient mice had significantly shorter median survival time and reduced numbers of tumor-infiltrated natural killer and natural killer T cells as compared with tumor-bearing wild-type (WT) mice. In contrast, pharmacological antagonism of CXCR3 with NBI-74330 prolonged median survival times of both tumor-bearing WT and CXCR3-deficient mice when compared with vehicle-treated groups. NBI-74330 treatment did not impact tumor infiltration of lymphocytes and microglia. A small percentage of GL261 cells were identified as CXCR3(+), which was similar to the expression of CXCR3 in several grade IV human glioma cell lines (A172, T98G, U87, U118 and U138). When cultured as gliomaspheres (GS), the human and murine lines increased CXCR3 expression; CXCR3 expression was also found in a primary human GBM-derived GS. Additionally, CXCR3 isoform A was expressed by all lines, whereas CXCR3-B was detected in T98G-, U118- and U138-GS cells. CXCL9 or CXCL10 induced in vitro glioma cell growth in GL261- and U87-GS as well as inhibited cell loss in U138-GS cells and this effect was antagonized by NBI-74330. The results suggest that CXCR3 antagonism exerts a direct anti-glioma effect and this receptor may be a potential therapeutic target for treating human GBM.
Synthesis and characterization of gold (Au): Fullerene (C60)-Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone) nanofluids in an alcoholic medium (2020)

Objectives: To synthesize gold (Au) doped fullerene (C60)-Poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)PVP nanofluids in an alcoholic medium. Methods: A simple chemical reduction method was adopted to synthesize Au nanoparticles and then these NPs were doped into the C60-PVP NFs by ultra-sonication. The samples were characterized using spectrophotometer, rheometer and microscope. Findings:We reported Surface Plasmon Resonance enhanced p !p C60(sp2)electron transition in PVP molecules upon insertion of NG into C60 NFs with PVP in butanol. Electron transfer PVP!Au(NG) causes a drastic decrease in the light emission in PVP moieties in a Au:C60-PVP complex. A noticeable red shift of the C=O stretching band of PVP reveals surface interaction between “>C=O and Au-atom. Rheological study of NFs reveals non-Newtonian behavior with an enhanced yield stress and follows a typical Bingham type flow characteristics.High resolution transmission electron micrograph shows formation of Au-C60 metal-non metal NPs of hexagonal shape. Novelty: Decrease in light emission intensity of PVP molecules in presence of Au NPs hints that it could be a candidate for sensing applications. Keywords: Nanogold; nanofluids; surface plasmon resonance; light emission; rheological properties
The Grayscale/Spatial Resolution Trade-Off and Its Impact on Display System Design (1994)

We examine technology trade-offs related to the grayscale/spatial resolution trade-off for AMLCD-based display systems. We present new empirical results from our study of the human grayscale/spatial resolution trade-off.
Thiazolidinediones: potential as therapeutics for psoriasis and perhaps other hyperproliferative skin disease (2006)

The thiazolidinediones constitute a family of synthetic compounds that act as high-affinity ligands for persoxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma), a member of the nuclear hormone receptor family. Although originally developed to facilitate glucose control in patients with Type 2 diabetes, a number of studies showed that these agents effectively inhibited epithelial cell proliferation and tissue inflammation. Many of the initial cell growth inhibition studies were conducted with malignant epithelial cells from various sites; however, in addition to malignant epithelial cells, other studies showed that rapidly proliferating epidermal keratinoctyes in culture were also sensitive to the growth-inhibiting action of these moieties. Additional studies subsequently demonstrated that some patients with plaque psoriasis responded to treatment with one or another member of the thiazolidinedione family. Due to the potential therapeutic benefit of these compounds in diseases such as psoriasis, studies have been conducted to elucidate mechanisms by which growth inhibition is achieved. Interference with a number of growth-influencing signalling pathways has been demonstrated. Of interest, some of the growth-inhibiting effects are seen under conditions in which PPAR-gamma activation may not be responsible for the activity. Based on therapeutic potential, additional ongoing studies are aimed at developing novel thiazolidinediones that may have better efficacy than the currently available agents. Other studies are aimed at identifying optimal ways to use these agents in the treatment of hyperplastic skin diseases such as psoriasis.
Presynapsis and Synapsis of DNA Promoted by the STPα and Single-stranded DNA-binding Proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1989)

We previously purified an activity from meiotic cell extracts of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that promotes the transfer of a strand from a duplex linear DNA molecule to complementary circular single-stranded DNA, naming it Strand Transfer Protein alpha (STP alpha) (Sugino, A., Nitiss, J., and Resnick, M. A. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 3683-3687). This activity requires no nucleotide cofactor but is stimulated more than 10-fold by the addition of yeast single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (ySSBs). In this paper, we describe the aggregation and strand transfer of double-stranded and single-stranded DNA promoted by STP alpha and ySSB. There is a good correlation between the aggregation induced by various DNA-binding proteins (ySSBs, DBPs and histone proteins) and the stimulation of STP alpha-mediated DNA strand transfer. This implies that the stimulation by ySSBs and other binding proteins is probably due to the condensation of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA substrates into coaggregates. Within these coaggregates there is a higher probability of pairing between homologous double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, favoring the initiation of strand transfer. The aggregation reaction is rapid and precedes any reactions related to DNA strand transfer. We propose that condensation into coaggregates is a presynaptic step in DNA strand transfer promoted by STP alpha and that pairing between homologous double- and single-stranded DNA (synapsis) occurs in these coaggregates. Synapsis promoted by STP alpha and ySSBs also occurs between covalently closed double-stranded DNA and single-stranded linear DNA as well as linear double-stranded and linear single-stranded DNAs in the absence of any nucleotide cofactors.
Computer vision cracks the leaf code (2016)

Understanding the extremely variable, complex shape and venation characters of angiosperm leaves is one of the most challenging problems in botany. Machine learning offers opportunities to analyze large numbers of specimens, to discover novel leaf features of angiosperm clades that may have phylogenetic significance, and to use those characters to classify unknowns. Previous computer vision approaches have primarily focused on leaf identification at the species level. It remains an open question whether learning and classification are possible among major evolutionary groups such as families and orders, which usually contain hundreds to thousands of species each and exhibit many times the foliar variation of individual species. Here, we tested whether a computer vision algorithm could use a database of 7,597 leaf images from 2,001 genera to learn features of botanical families and orders, then classify novel images. The images are of cleared leaves, specimens that are chemically bleached, then stained to reveal venation. Machine learning was used to learn a codebook of visual elements representing leaf shape and venation patterns. The resulting automated system learned to classify images into families and orders with a success rate many times greater than chance. Of direct botanical interest, the responses of diagnostic features can be visualized on leaf images as heat maps, which are likely to prompt recognition and evolutionary interpretation of a wealth of novel morphological characters. With assistance from computer vision, leaves are poised to make numerous new contributions to systematic and paleobotanical studies.
Association of polygenic score and the involvement of cholinergic and glutamatergic pathways with lithium treatment response in patients with bipolar disorder (2023)

Lithium is regarded as the first-line treatment for bipolar disorder (BD), a severe and disabling mental health disorder that affects about 1% of the population worldwide. Nevertheless, lithium is not consistently effective, with only 30% of patients showing a favorable response to treatment. To provide personalized treatment options for bipolar patients, it is essential to identify prediction biomarkers such as polygenic scores. In this study, we developed a polygenic score for lithium treatment response (Li<sup>+</sup><sub>PGS</sub>) in patients with BD. To gain further insights into lithium's possible molecular mechanism of action, we performed a genome-wide gene-based analysis. Using polygenic score modeling, via methods incorporating Bayesian regression and continuous shrinkage priors, Li<sup>+</sup><sub>PGS</sub> was developed in the International Consortium of Lithium Genetics cohort (ConLi<sup>+</sup>Gen: N = 2367) and replicated in the combined PsyCourse (N = 89) and BipoLife (N = 102) studies. The associations of Li<sup>+</sup><sub>PGS</sub> and lithium treatment response - defined in a continuous ALDA scale and a categorical outcome (good response vs. poor response) were tested using regression models, each adjusted for the covariates: age, sex, and the first four genetic principal components. Statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. Li<sup>+</sup><sub>PGS</sub> was positively associated with lithium treatment response in the ConLi<sup>+</sup>Gen cohort, in both the categorical (P = 9.8 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>12</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 1.9%) and continuous (P = 6.4 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>9</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 2.6%) outcomes. Compared to bipolar patients in the 1<sup>st</sup> decile of the risk distribution, individuals in the 10<sup>th</sup> decile had 3.47-fold (95%CI: 2.22-5.47) higher odds of responding favorably to lithium. The results were replicated in the independent cohorts for the categorical treatment outcome (P = 3.9 × 10<sup>-</sup><sup>4</sup>, R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9%), but not for the continuous outcome (P = 0.13). Gene-based analyses revealed 36 candidate genes that are enriched in biological pathways controlled by glutamate and acetylcholine. Li<sup>+</sup><sub>PGS</sub> may be useful in the development of pharmacogenomic testing strategies by enabling a classification of bipolar patients according to their response to treatment.
Evaluation of a concept for density measurement of solid particle flows in pneumatic conveying systems with microwaves (8–12 GHz) (2011)

Abstract. This paper presents a novel density measuring concept for gas/coal particle compositions in pneumatic conveying systems. The proposed monitoring system uses horn antennas to perform complex electromagnetic transmittance measurements through the cross section of the conveying tube. The phase of the complex transmittance gives information about the effective permittivity, which is related to the mean volume fraction of the coal. Electromagnetic field simulations have been performed for the evaluation of the concept and the performance of the designed setup. A test stand for measurements on coal dust under reproducible conditions and with well-defined particle concentrations has been developed and implemented. The test tube has a diameter of 200 mm and a length of 400 mm. Coal particles with a diameter between 20 μm and 100 μm have been dispersed by injecting nitrogen gas inside the test tube. Complex transmission measurements are performed in the implemented setup with a calibrated vector network analyzer within a frequency range of 8–12 GHz. Results of the conceptual evaluation by measurements with different concentrations of coal particles are presented and discussed.