gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Harnessing human plasmacytoid dendritic cells as professional APCs (2012)

The plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) constitutes a unique DC subset that links the innate and adaptive arm of the immune system. Whereas the unique capability of pDCs to produce large amounts of type I IFNs in response to pathogen recognition is generally accepted,their antigen-presenting function is often neglected since most studies on antigen presentation are aimed at other DC subsets. Recently, pDCs were demonstrated capable to present antigen leading to protective tumor immunity. In this review, we discuss how pDCs could be exploited in the fight against cancer by analyzing their capacity to capture,process and (cross-) present antigen.
Deaza-modification of MR1 ligands modulates recognition by MR1-restricted T cells (2022)

Abstract MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells recognize microbial small molecule metabolites presented on the MHC Class I-like molecule MR1 and have been implicated in early effector responses to microbial infection. As a result, there is considerable interest in identifying chemical properties of metabolite ligands that permit recognition by MR1T cells, for consideration in therapeutic or vaccine applications. Here, we made chemical modifications to known MR1 ligands to evaluate the effect on MR1T cell activation. Specifically, we modified 6,7-dimethyl-8-D-ribityllumazine (DMRL) to generate 6,7-dimethyl-8-D-ribityldeazalumazine (DZ), and then further derivatized DZ to determine the requirements for retaining MR1 surface stabilization and agonistic properties. Interestingly, the IFN-γ response toward DZ varied widely across a panel of T cell receptor (TCR)-diverse MR1T cell clones; while one clone was agnostic toward the modification, most displayed either an enhancement or depletion of IFN-γ production when compared with its response to DMRL. To gain insight into a putative mechanism behind this phenomenon, we used in silico molecular docking techniques for DMRL and its derivatives and performed molecular dynamics simulations of the complexes. In assessing the dynamics of each ligand in the MR1 pocket, we found that DMRL and DZ exhibit differential dynamics of both the ribityl moiety and the aromatic backbone, which may contribute to ligand recognition. Together, our results support an emerging hypothesis for flexibility in MR1:ligand-MR1T TCR interactions and enable further exploration of the relationship between MR1:ligand structures and MR1T cell recognition for downstream applications targeting MR1T cells.
iSkin: Flexible, Stretchable and Visually Customizable On-body Touch Sensors for Mobile Computing (2015)

International audience
N-glycan mediated adhesion strengthening during pathogen-receptor binding revealed by cell-cell force spectroscopy (2017)

Glycan-protein lateral interactions have gained increased attention as important modulators of receptor function, by regulating surface residence time and endocytosis of membrane glycoproteins. The pathogen-recognition receptor DC-SIGN is highly expressed at the membrane of antigen-presenting dendritic cells, where it is organized in nanoclusters and binds to different viruses, bacteria and fungi. We recently demonstrated that DC-SIGN N-glycans spatially restrict receptor diffusion within the plasma membrane, favoring its internalization through clathrin-coated pits. Here, we investigated the involvement of the N-glycans of DC-SIGN expressing cells on pathogen binding strengthening when interacting with Candida fungal cells by using atomic force microscope (AFM)-assisted single cell-pathogen adhesion measurements. The use of DC-SIGN mutants lacking the N-glycans as well as blocking glycan-mediated lateral interactions strongly impaired cell stiffening during pathogen binding. Our findings demonstrate for the first time the direct involvement of the cell membrane glycans in strengthening cell-pathogen interactions. This study, therefore, puts forward a possible role for the glycocalyx as extracellular cytoskeleton contributing, possibly in connection with the intracellular actin cytoskeleton, to optimize strengthening of cell-pathogen interactions in the presence of mechanical forces.
Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF)‐Derived Plasticizers by Coupling HMF Reduction with Enzymatic Esterification (2020)

Biobased plasticizers, as substitutes for phthalates, have been synthesized from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and carboxylic acids (or esters) through a chemoenzymatic cascade process that involves as its first step the reduction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-bis(hydroxymethyl)furan (BHMF), followed by the esterification of BHMF with carboxylic acids (or esters) by using a supported lipase (Novozym 435). The reduction of HMF into BHMF is performed by using monodisperse metallic Co nanoparticles with a thin carbon shell (Co@C) with high activity and selectivity. After optimization of reaction conditions (temperature, hydrogen pressure, and solvent), it is possible to achieve 97 % conversion of HMF with 99 % selectivity to BHMF after 2 h reaction time. The reduction of HMF and esterification of BHMF using carboxylic acids or vinyl esters as acyl donors by lipase are optimized separately in batch and in fixed-bed continuous reactors. The coupling of two flow reactors (for reduction and subsequent esterification) working under optimized reaction conditions affords the diesters of BHMF in roughly 90 % yield with no loss of activity during 60 h of operation.
ChemInform Abstract: Pigments of Fungi. Part 68. Phlebiachrysoic Acids, New Inhibitors of Leukotriene Biosynthesis from Phlebia chrysocrea (Basidiomycetes). (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An 80 GHz SiGe Bipolar VCO with Wide Tuning Range Using Two Simultaneously Tuned Varactor Pairs (2008)

A SiGe millimeter-wave VCO with a center frequency of 80 GHz and an extremely wide (continuous) tuning range of 23 GHz (29%) is presented. The phase noise is ap -95.5 dBc/Hz (at 1 MHz offset frequency) and the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">total</i> output power ap 12 dBm. A cascode buffer improves decoupling from the output load at reasonable VCO power consumption (240 mW). A low- power frequency divider (operating up to 100 GHz) provides, in addition, a divided-by-four signal. As a further intention of this paper, the basic reasons for the limitations of the tuning range in MMW-VCOs are shown and the improvement by using two (instead of one) varactor pairs is demonstrated.
Aqueous developers for positive tone ultrathin chemically amplified EUV resists (2018)

Dissolution of ultrathin exposed EUV photoresist can deviate from the bulk regime due to the modulating influence of the adjacent top and bottom interfaces, which can eventually dominate the behavior of the entire film. Furthermore, use of TMAH 0.26N as aqueous developer for CARs has remained the industry standard without thorough investigation of other possible aqueous bases and concentrations. In this work, we provide a detailed description of the interfacial dissolution behavior of model ultrathin EUV resists in a variety of tetraalkylammonium-based developers, using a representative open source polymer platform. Dissolution kinetics measured using QCM (quartz crystal microbalance) with and without added PAG highlight the convolution of vertical distribution of resist additives with their dissolution inhibition effect throughout the resist film. Results for the local dissolution at the resist-substrate interface using interrupted development and AFM measurements are provided and explained in terms of confinement effects (polymer chain mobility, vacid diffusion) and polymer-substrate interactions. This work can serve as initial guidance to understand the attainable interfacial dissolution modulation afforded by a rational developer selection and a matching EUV resist design.
Physical Properties and Stability of Soft Gelled Chitosan‐Based Nanoparticles (2016)

We addressed the role of the degree of acetylation (DA) and of M<sub>w</sub> of chitosan (CS) on the physical characteristics and stability of soft nanoparticles obtained through either ionic cross-linking with sodium tripolyphosphate (TPP), or reverse emulsion/gelation. Each of these methods affords nanoparticles (NPs) or nanogels (NGs), respectively. The size of CS-TPP NPs comprising CS of high M<sub>w</sub> (≈123-266 kDa) increases with DA (≈1.6%-56%), while it do not change for CS of low M<sub>w</sub> (≈11-13 kDa); the zeta potential (ζ) decreases with DA regardless of M<sub>w</sub> (ζ ≈+34.6 ± 2.6 to ≈+25.2 + 0.6 mV) and the NPs appear as spheres in transmission electron microscopy. Stability in various cell culture media (pH 7.4 at 37 °C) is greater for NPs made with CS of DA ≥ 27%. In turn, NGs exhibit larger sizes (520 ± 32 to 682 ± 27 nm) than do CS-TPP NPs, and can only be formed with CS of DA < 30%. The average diameter size for these NGs shows a monotonic increase with CS's M<sub>w</sub> . The physical properties and stability of these systems in biological media depend mostly on the DA of CS and its influence on the balance between hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions.
Transcriptional Activity of the Zinc Finger Protein NGFI-A Is Influenced by Its Interaction with a Cellular Factor (1993)

NGFI-A is an immediate-early gene that encodes a transcription factor whose DNA-binding domain is composed of three zinc fingers. To define the domains responsible for its transcriptional activity, a mutational analysis was conducted with an NGFI-A molecule in which the zinc fingers were replaced by the GAL4 DNA-binding domain. In a cotransfection assay, four activation domains were found within NGFI-A. Three of the activation domains are similar to those characterized previously: one contains a large number of acidic residues, another is enriched in proline and glutamine residues, and another has some sequence homology to a domain found in Krox-20. The fourth bears no resemblance to previously described activation domains. NGFI-A also contains an inhibitory domain whose removal resulted in a 15-fold increase in NGFI-A activity. This increase in activity occurred in all mammalian cell types tested but not in Drosophila S2 cells. Competition experiments in which increasing amounts of the inhibitory domain were cotransfected along with NGFI-A demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in NGFI-A activity. A point mutation within the inhibitory domain of the competitor (I293F) abolished this property. When the analogous mutation was introduced into native NGFI-A, a 17-fold increase in activity was observed. The inhibitory effect therefore appears to be the result of an interaction between this domain and a titratable cellular factor which is weakened by this mutation. Downmodulation of transcription factor activity through interaction with a cellular factor has been observed in several other systems, including the regulation of transcription factor E2F by retinoblastoma protein, and in studies of c-Jun.
Kallistatin treatment attenuates lethality and organ injury in mouse models of established sepsis (2015)

This is the first study to demonstrate that delayed human kallistatin administration is effective in attenuating multi-organ injury, inflammation and mortality in mouse models of polymicrobial infection and endotoxemia. Thus, kallistatin therapy may provide a promising approach for the treatment of sepsis in humans.
Remembering what you said: Semantic personalized memory for personal digital assistants (2017)

Personal digital assistants are designed to assist users in easy information retrieval or execute the tasks they are interested in. The conversational medium implies an additional level of intelligence but typically these systems do not support any reference to the user's past interactions. We propose a domain-agnostic approach that enables the system to address queries referring to the past by using an information retrieval approach to rank various entities for a given query. We also add semantic enrichment to the recall process by augmenting the entities with information from a knowledge graph and leverage that in the retrieval process. We mined user interactions for the Cortana digital assistant to extract queries with location and business entities and show that our technique can achieve an accuracy of 89.8% for such recall queries.
Cooperative Evaporation in Ordered Arrays of Volatile Droplets (1999)

We study the evaporation behavior of regular arrays of volatile droplets on a solid substrate. We observe that under certain conditions the droplets do not evaporate independently of each other but in a cooperative manner. This results in the development of a superlattice which is explained in terms of matter exchange between adjacent droplets.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to Oxetane and Furan Nucleosides with an Anomeric Carbon Substituent: Nucleophilic Substitution at Highly Hindered α‐ Bromooxetane‐ and Tetrahydrofurancarboxylates. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An Active Transmit/Receive NMR Magnetometer for Field Monitoring in Ultra High Field MRI Scanners (2013)

We present a miniaturized active nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) magnetometer consisting of a susceptibility matched field probe and a PCB based RF transceiver. Thanks to its transmit-receive (TX/RX) capabilities, the system can be used to monitor the spatio-temporal field evolution during a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and thereby allows for a correction of gradient field imperfections to improve image quality. The magnetometer can be tuned for magnetic fields ranging from 7 T to 15.5 T and achieves a resolution of 14.8 nT measured in a 9.4 T whole body scanner.
Size-scaling effects for microparticles and cells manipulated by optoelectronic tweezers (2019)

In this work, we investigated the use of optoelectronic tweezers (OET) to manipulate objects that are larger than those commonly positioned with standard optical tweezers. We studied the forces that could be produced on differently sized polystyrene microbeads and MCF-7 breast cancer cells with light-induced dielectrophoresis (DEP). It was found that the DEP force imposed on the bead/cell did not increase linearly with the volume of the bead/cell, primarily because of the non-uniform distribution of the electric field above the OET bottom plate. Although this size-scaling work focuses on microparticles and cells, we propose that the physical mechanism elucidated in this research will be insightful for other micro-objects, biological samples, and micro-actuators undergoing OET manipulation.
THE ACCEPT PROJECT. TOWARDS IMPLEMENTATION OF A EUROPEAN RDS-TMC SERVICE (1994)

The DRIVE/2 project ACCEPT links three national RDS-TMC pilots in France (Ile de France), Germany (BEVEI) and The Netherlands (Rhine Corridor). The main objective is to validate the RDS-TMC technique, based on the ALERT C protocol. This paper outlines the set up of ACCEPT focusing on the evaluation of the international use of RDS-TMC. Brief details are provided of: a) selection of test drivers; b) the trial design; and c) the initial results of the trial. Both car and lorry drivers were surveyed. The trial tested users opinion on the quality of the messages being provided. For the covering abstract see IRRD 868006.
Performance analysis of the augmented wireless sensor network testbed (2009)

Existing testing systems are not suited for testing of tactical hardware in complex battlefield configurations due to the increased complexity of sensors that include network interfaces and sensor fusion algorithms. We are developing a system for augmented testing of wireless sensor networks that supports virtual system configurations interacting with the real-time hardware in the loop. The testbed provides a realistic simulated representation of a tactical network that allows faithful testing of networked systems focusing on hardware in the loop sensors and sensor fusion systems. Systems can be tested using this method in a controlled repeatable environment not feasible in field testing. The system design combines dedicated high performance computing (HPC) resources with a scalable, high fidelity network emulation and a computer generated forces (CGF) model to virtually represent the tactical network, force movement, interactions, and communication loads to systems under test. The system is implemented using QualNet network emulation and OneSAF CGF running on a parallel Linux blade system and integrates sensors to the simulated virtual environment through wireless gateways and Ethernet connections. This paper presents the design framework, current implementation of the system, and real-time performance measurements.
Isolation and characterization of somatostatin from pigeon pancreas. (1979)

Most of the somatostatin-like activity from pigeon pancreas was found to correspond to small species with an apparent molecular weight of 1500--2500. This species was isolated under conditions minimizing intermolecular interactions and protease activities. The isolated product was characterized by two somatostatin radioimmunoassays, a bioassay, endgroup determination, and amino acid analysis. The structure of the isolated compound was determined to be H-Ala-Gly-cyclo-(Cys-Lys-Asn-Phe-Phe-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Cys)-OH. Additionally, small amounts of des-Ala1-somatostatin, a possible degradation product of pancreatic somatostatin, and a large somatostatin-like species with an apparent molecular weight of 11,000--12,500 were detected. It is concluded that the main somatostatin-like polypeptide isolated from pigeon pancreas is identical to the mammalian hypothalamic tetradecapeptide somatostatin.
Reduction of Priority Pollutants by Nanoscale Zerovalent Iron in Subsurface Environments ........................................................................................................................ Chun-Chi Lee, Hsing-Lung Lien, Shan-Chee Wu, Ruey-An Doong, and Chih-Cheng Chao (2014)

The development of remediation technology of soil and groundwater contaminated with priority pollutants, including chlorinated compounds, inorganic ions, and heavy metals, has recently received much attention [1-6]. However, the contamination of soil and groundwater is enormous and difcult to clean up because of the inherent complexity of the soil and groundwater properties [7]. Several technologies, such as permeable reactive barriers (PRBs), in situ bioremediation, and air sparging have been applied for the remediation of contaminated soils and groundwater. Laboratory-scale and eld studies have demonstrated that PRBs packed with zerovalent metals (ZVMs) such as Fe, Cu, Al, Si, Zn, and Mg have been shown to be a promising strategy for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in contaminated subsurface environments [8-10]. Table 4.1 shows the reduction of priority pollutants by ZVMs under anaerobic conditions. Many halogenated hydrocarbons, including carbon tetrachloride (CT), tetrachloroethylene (PCE), and trichloroethylene (TCE), can be reductively degraded by ZVMs [9,11-13]. Of various materials used, zerovalent iron (ZVI) and bimetallic iron systems are the most often used materials because of their suitable redox potential for the reduction of halogenated compounds, no obvious toxic effect, and abundance in the earth’s crust.
Flow patterns in three-dimensional porcine epicardial coronary arterial tree (2007)

The branching pattern of epicardial coronary arteries is clearly three-dimensional, with correspondingly complex flow patterns. The objective of the present study was to perform a detailed hemodynamic analysis using a three-dimensional finite element method in a left anterior descending (LAD) epicardial arterial tree, including main trunk and primary branches, based on computed tomography scans. The inlet LAD flow velocity was measured in an anesthetized pig, and the outlet pressure boundary condition was estimated based on scaling laws. The spatial and temporal wall shear stress (WSS), gradient of WSS (WSSG), and oscillatory shear index (OSI) were calculated and used to identify regions of flow disturbances in the vicinity of primary bifurcations. We found that low WSS and high OSI coincide with disturbed flows (stagnated, secondary, and reversed flows) opposite to the flow divider and lateral to the junction orifice of the main trunk and primary branches. High time-averaged WSSG occurs in regions of bifurcations, with the flow divider having maximum values. Low WSS and high OSI were found to be related through a power law relationship. Furthermore, zones of low time-averaged WSS and high OSI amplified for larger diameter ratio and high inlet flow rate. Hence, different focal atherosclerotic-prone regions may be explained by different physical mechanism associated with certain critical levels of low WSS, high OSI, and high WSSG, which are strongly affected by the diameter ratio. The implications of the flow patterns for atherogenesis are enumerated.
Contributions of Sex Chromosomes and Gonadal Hormones to the Male Bias in a Maternal Antibody-Induced Model of Autism Spectrum Disorder (2021)

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a group of neurodevelopmental conditions that is four times more commonly diagnosed in males than females. While susceptibility genes located in the sex chromosomes have been identified in ASD, it is unclear whether they are sufficient to explain the male bias or whether gonadal hormones also play a key role. We evaluated the sex chromosomal and hormonal influences on the male bias in a murine model of ASD, in which mice are exposed <i>in utero</i> to a maternal antibody reactive to contactin-associated protein-like 2 (Caspr2), which was originally cloned from a mother of a child with ASD (termed C6 mice henceforth). In this model, only male mice are affected. We used the four-core-genotypes (FCG) model in which the <i>Sry</i> gene is deleted from the Y chromosome (Y<sup>-</sup>) and inserted into autosome 3 (<i>TgSry</i>). Thus, by combining the C6 and FCG models, we were able to differentiate the contributions of sex chromosomes and gonadal hormones to the development of fetal brain and adult behavioral phenotypes. We show that the presence of the Y chromosome, or lack of two X chromosomes, irrespective of gonadal sex, increased the susceptibility to C6-induced phenotypes including the abnormal growth of the developing fetal cerebral cortex, as well as a behavioral pattern of decreased open-field exploration in adult mice. Our results indicate that sex chromosomes are the main determinant of the male bias in the maternal C6-induced model of ASD. The less dominant hormonal effect may be due to modulation by sex chromosome genes of factors involved in gonadal hormone pathways in the brain.
EFFICIENT CONTROL OF DNA TRANSPORT IN NANOPORE-BASED NANOFLUIDIC TRANSISTORS (2011)

Nanofluidic transistors (NFTs), composed of solid-state nanopores with an electrically controlled embedded gate electrode, promise exciting new ways to build chemical and biological circuits that can be used in drug-delivery and lab-on-a-chip systems. However, the reliable fabrication of sub-10nm gated nanopores and control over biomolecule capture and transport has been challenging. Herein, we investigate the utility of relatively large diameter nanopores (>100nm) and find that such NFTs nevertheless provide efficient electrostatic control to modulate the capture rate of DNA. Numerical simulations of the NFT operation are also presented.