gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunological and Biochemical Analysis of Glycosylated Surface Antigens and Lipophosphoglycan of Tritrichomonas Foetus (2001)

Immunoaffinity-purified TF1.17 adhesin antigen was compared biochemically and antigenically to Tritrichomonas foetus (TF) lipophosphoglycan (LPG) and a soluble glycosylated antigen (SGA) released from T. foetus and implicated in pathogenesis and immunity. The monoclonal antibodies (Mabs TF1.15 and TF1.17) specific for a glycosylated TF1.17 antigen were previously shown to prevent adhesion of the T. foetus parasites to bovine vaginal epithelial cells and to mediate killing by bovine complement. SGA was isolated from T. foetus-conditioned buffer and purified by octyl-Sepharose hydrophobic column chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of SGA showed a major SGA1 component (approximately 190 kDa) and a minor SGA2 component (50-70 kDa), which migrated close to TF-LPG and TF1.17. The carbohydrate and lipid compositional analyses of affinity-purified TF1.17 and SGA2 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas-liquid chromatography revealed the presence of monosaccharides and fatty acids as found in TF-LPG. All antigens contained terminal fucose as determined by alpha-fucosidase digestion followed by HPLC. ELISA and western blots were used to further characterize these glycosylated antigens and to analyze their relationships. The Mabs TF1.15 and TF1.17 reacted very strongly to TF-LPG and SGA2. as well as TF1.17 antigen, indicating that these molecules share common epitopes. These Mabs did not react with the SGA1 component either in ELISA and western blot analyses. Also, the monosaccharide composition of SGA1 was very different from the other three antigen, suggesting SGA1 was different from LPG, SGA2 and TF1.17. Although LPG reacted with Mabs to native TF1.17 antigen, LPG did not induce an immune response in cattle with the same route and adjuvant used to produce strong antibody responses to the native antigen. The latter response suggests that the tightly bound peptide present in the immunoaffinity-purified antigen is necessary for induction of a response to (an) epitope(s) in TF-LPG and TF1.17. Furthermore, vaginal fluid from T. foetus-infected heifers and serum from a cow with a T. foetus-associated pyometra recognized both TF1.17 and TF-LPG in western blots. These results suggest that T. foetus LPG and SGA2 are related to TF1.17 antigen, which was previously shown to play an important role in the pathogenesis and host response in bovine trichomoniasis.
Light-Driven Nanoscale Vectorial Currents (2023)

Controlled charge flows are fundamental to many areas of science and technology, serving as carriers of energy and information, as probes of material properties and dynamics, and as a means of revealing or even inducing broken symmetries. Emerging methods for light-based current control offer promising routes beyond the speed and adaptability limitations of conventional voltage-driven systems. However, optical generation and manipulation of currents at nanometer spatial scales remains a basic challenge and a crucial step towards scalable optoelectronic systems for microelectronics and information science. Here, we introduce vectorial optoelectronic metasurfaces in which ultrafast light pulses induce local directional charge flows around symmetry-broken plasmonic nanostructures, with tunable responses and arbitrary patterning down to sub-diffractive nanometer scales. Local symmetries and vectorial current distributions are revealed by polarization- and wavelength-sensitive electrical readout and terahertz (THz) emission, while spatially-tailored global currents are demonstrated in the direct generation of elusive broadband THz vector beams. We show that in graphene, a detailed interplay between electrodynamic, thermodynamic, and hydrodynamic degrees of freedom gives rise to rapidly-evolving nanoscale driving forces and charge flows under extreme temporal and spatial confinement. These results set the stage for versatile patterning and optical control over nanoscale currents in materials diagnostics, THz spectroscopies, nano-magnetism, and ultrafast information processing.
Framing Matters: Predicting Framing Changes and Legislation from Topic News Patterns (2018)

News has traditionally been well researched, with studies ranging from sentiment analysis to event detection and topic tracking. We extend the focus to two surprisingly under-researched aspects of news: \emph{framing} and \emph{predictive utility}. We demonstrate that framing influences public opinion and behavior, and present a simple entropic algorithm to characterize and detect framing changes. We introduce a dataset of news topics with framing changes, harvested from manual surveys in previous research. Our approach achieves an F-measure of $F_1=0.96$ on our data, whereas dynamic topic modeling returns $F_1=0.1$. We also establish that news has \emph{predictive utility}, by showing that legislation in topics of current interest can be foreshadowed and predicted from news patterns.
Authenticated Encryption with AES-CBC and HMAC-SHA1 (and other generic combinations of ciphers and MACs) (2009)

This document specifies algorithms for authenticated encryption with
additional authenticated data (AEAD) that are based on the composition
of the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) in the Cipher Block Chaining
(CBC) mode of operation for encryption, and the HMAC- SHA1 message
authentication code (MAC). It also separately defines a generic
composition method that can be used with other MACs and randomized
ciphers (that is, ciphers that use random initialization vectors).
These algorithms are randomized, and thus are suitable for use with
applications that cannot provide distinct nonces to each invocation of
the AEAD encrypt operation.
Prospective Pulmonary Function Comparison of Open Versus Endoscopic Anterior Fusion Combined With Posterior Fusion in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2004)

VAT versus Open release/anterior fusion in association with a PSF for select AIS curves requiring circumferential treatment both demonstrated similar radiographic and pulmonary function test improvement at 2 years postoperative, with no significant differences seen between the groups.
Characterization of Confined Swirl Flows Using Large Eddy Simulations (2001)

Since the flame of high intense low NOx gas turbine combustion systems is stabilized by swirl, the analysis of the swirl flow is very crucial to the design and optimization of such combustion systems. Although a huge amount of publications have been provided on this field just a few have used Large Eddy Simulation due to limits in computer resources. Using Large Eddy Simulation the large vortical structure of the flow is resolved leading to a much better insight of the flow features. Hence, in this paper the Large Eddy Simulation has been applied to investigate the non reacting confined swirling flow downstream of a gas turbine burner. A high accuracy of the prediction of the full three dimensional simulation could be pointed out by comparison of the computational results to measurements. Further the large vortical structure and the dynamic behavior of the flow has been analyzed. The formation of a precessing vortex core is visualized. Due to the precessing motion of the central recirculation zone an alternate vortex shedding at the edges of the burner nozzle is induced. From LES Strouhal numbers for the vortex shedding process are calculated which are confirmed by hot wire measurements.
Rational Ligand Design for the Arylation of Hindered Primary Amines Guided by Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis (2015)

We report the Pd-catalyzed arylation of very hindered α,α,α-trisubstituted primary amines. Kinetics-based mechanistic analysis and rational design have led to the development of two biarylphosphine ligands that allow the transformation to proceed with excellent efficiency. The process was effective in coupling a wide range of functionalized aryl and heteroaryl halides under mild conditions.
Extended summaries pesticides group symposium natural products as a source for new agricultural chemicals (1989)

Abstract The following are extended abstracts of six of the papers presented at the above meeting and, as so presented, they are entirely the responsibility of the authors and do not reflect the views of the Editorial Board of Pesticide Science.
Peptide binding to MHC class I proteins measured with a novel fluorescent technique. (1992)

An N-dansylated peptide derived from the Plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein (PbCS 253-260) bound in an allele-specific manner to a single-chain Kd molecule (SC-Kd), and its binding resulted in significant fluorescent enhancement. The binding kinetics of unlabelled peptides could be determined by pre-incubating dansylated PbCS with a concentrated suspension of SC-Kd, and then diluting this mixture in the presence of unmodified peptide. The time-dependence of the ensuing fluorescence decrease could be fitted to a single-exponential, which gave an association rate constant of 77 M-1s-1 for unlabelled PbCS.
Capacity of multiple one-bit transceivers in a Rayleigh environment (2018)

We analyze the channel capacity of a system with a large number of one-bit transceivers in a classical Rayleigh environment with perfect channel information at the receiver. With M transmitters and N =αM receivers, we derive an expression of the capacity per transmitter C, where C ≤ min(1,α), as a function of a and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) ρ, when M → ∞. We show that our expression is a good approximation for small M, and provide simple approximations of C for various ranges of α and ρ. We conclude that at high SNR, C reaches its upper limit of one only if α > 1.24. Expressions for determining when C “saturates” as a function of α and ρ are given.
Progress in high-power high-speed VCSEL arrays (2016)

Flip-chip bonding enables a unique architecture for two-dimensional arrays of VCSELs. Such arrays feature scalable power outputs and the capability to separately address sub-array regions while maintaining fast turn-on and turn-off response times. These substrate-emitting VCSEL arrays can also make use of integrated micro-lenses for beam shaping and directional control. Advances in the performance of these laser arrays will be reviewed and emerging applications are discussed.
Behavior of Chromium, Nickel, Lead, Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury in the Blast Furnace—A Critical Review of Literature Data and Plant Investigations (2015)

Blast furnaces have a huge turnover of materials. Besides the transformation of the main elements iron and carbon, a large variety of other elements (present at low concentrations in different input materials) are undesirably inserted into blast furnaces. Heavy metals, such as chromium, nickel, lead, zinc, cadmium, and mercury, belong to these unwanted elements that are inserted. In the present paper, the behavior of these heavy metals in the blast furnace process has been investigated in detail, since they may influence the quality of the product, the byproduct, the process stability, and the environmental impact of hot metal production (e.g., emissions of heavy metals). Thereto, a detailed literature review has been carried out and its results have been subsequently compared with long-term investigations (over 3 years) conducted at an Austrian blast furnace. The results of the study indicate that nickel and chromium are very affine to the hot metal and thus to a large extent (>84%) transferred into it. Contrary to this, mercury and cadmium are mainly discharged via the top gas dust (>87%) and thus accumulate in the residues of the top gas cleaning system. For zinc and lead, no main discharge route could be detected. The results for lead and zinc varied considerably, which indicates the dependency of their transformation on the process conditions.
Design consideration of two flat transformers in a low-profile LLC resonant converter (2011)

This paper presents the design consideration of a low-profile LLC resonant converter using two flat transformers. The trend toward high power density, high efficiency, and low profile in power supplies has exposed a number of limitations in the use of magnetic component structures. The LLC resonant converter can be operated at a high switching frequency with high efficiency because the switching loss is reduced by soft-switching. However, flat transformer loss causes problems at a high switching frequency. As a result, temperature of flat transformers becomes high. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the transformer temperature by analyzing the loss. In this proposed converter, flat transformer is integrated into advanced power conversion application systems. Low profile power module of profile of about 14mm is achieved. Temperature inside of transformer repressed to 61°C and an overall efficiency of about 97.8% was obtained.
Model-based simulation of freeform surface generation in ultra-precision raster milling (2005)

3rd International Conference on Leading Edge Manufacturing in 21st Century, LEM 2005, Nagoya, 19-22 October 2005
Conserved HIV Epitopes for an Effective HIV Vaccine (2017)

Despite major advances in antiretroviral therapy against HIV-1, an effective HIV vaccine is urgently required to reduce the number of new cases of HIV infections in the world. Vaccines are the ultimate tool in the medical arsenal to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS. Several failed phase-IIb to -III clinical vaccine trials against HIV-1 in the past generated a plethora of information that could be used for better designing of an effective HIV vaccine in the future. Most of the tested vaccine candidates produced strong humoral responses against the HIV proteins; however, failed to protect due to: 1) the low levels and the narrow breadth of the HIV-1 neutralizing antibodies and the HIV-specific antibody-dependent Fc-mediated effector activities, 2) the low levels and the poor quality of the anti-HIV T-cell responses, and 3) the excessive responses to immunodominant non-protective HIV epitopes, which in some cases blocked the protective immunity and/or enhanced HIV infection. The B-cell epitopes on HIV for producing broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) against HIV have been extensively characterized, and the next step is to develop bNAb epitope immunogen for HIV vaccine. The bNAb epitopes are often conformational epitopes and therefore more difficult to construct as vaccine immunogen and likely to include immunodominant non-protective HIV epitopes. In comparison, T-cell epitopes are short linear peptides which are easier to construct into vaccine immunogen free of immunodominant non-protective epitopes. However, its difficulty lies in identifying the T-cell epitopes conserved among HIV subtypes and induce long-lasting, potent polyfunctional T-cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activities against HIV. In addition, these protective T-cell epitopes must be recognized by the HLA prevalent in the country(s) targeted for the vaccine trial. In conclusion, extending from the findings from previous vaccine trials, future vaccines should combine both T- and B-cell epitopes as vaccine immunogen to induce multitude of broad and potent immune effector activities required for sterilizing protection against global HIV subtypes.
Socially-Driven Collective Path Planning for Robot Missions (2012)

We address the problem of path planning for robot missions based on waypoints suggested by multiple human users. These users may be operating under distinct mission objectives and hence suggest different locations for the robot to visit. We formulate this problem using a constrained optimization approach by imposing various operational considerations, such as the robot's maximum traversable distance. We then propose an approximative path planning algorithm with parameterized control over the degree of "social fairness" in the selection of waypoints from different users. Through a user study, we compared the performance of the proposed path planner under different fairness settings and for different mission scenarios.
Preventing instability in DC distribution systems by using power buffering (2002)

Negative incremental impedance of regulated converter loads can cause stability problems in distributed DC power systems. Since the load-side converters usually contain energy storage elements, it is possible to avoid instability through transient control of the load-side converter input impedance. In this paper, bus-side stability is used as a control constraint. It is shown that load-side converter control-loop gain can be modified to improve stability characteristics, or even actively controlled to meet given impedance specifications.
How do Lyme Borrelia Organisms Cause Disease? The Quest for Virulence Determinants# (2012)

Lyme disease Borrelia are invasive, nontoxigenic, persistent pathogens, and little is known about their mechanisms of pathogenesis. In our laboratory, a signature-tagged mutagenesis (STM) library of over 4,000 Borrelia burgdorferi transposon mutants has been constructed and is being screened for infectivity in mice. In this manner, a global view of the virulence determinants (factors required for full infectivity) is being developed. Additionally, the mechanisms of immune evasion involving the VMP-like system (vls) are under analysis, and cryo-electron microscopy is providing a detailed view of the three-dimensional structure of B. burgdorferi. These approaches will contribute to the improved understanding of how Lyme disease Borrelia cause disease.
Electrocochleography: Cochlear Implants and the Return to the Operating Room (2019)

lectrocochleography, often abbreviated ECochG, refers to the technique of recording electrical potentials from the cochlea and auditory nerve. The components typically captured and analyzed during this process are the cochlear microphonic (CM), summating potential (SP), and whole-nerve action potentials from the auditory nerve. The recording of these short latency responses from the peripheral auditory system dates back to the late 1940s. During this time a team comprised of an otologist named Julius Lempert and two auditory physiologists, Merle Lawrence and Ernst Glen Weaver, published a paper in 1947 entitled ''The Cochleogram and its Clinical Application. A Preliminary Report'' This report described the authors' experience recording electrical potentials from the exposed round window of patients (i.e., 11 ears) undergoing surgeries for various auditory disorders. This foundational paper set forth their intentions for using these potentials to objectively characterize hearing thresholds and for surgical guidance (i.e., intraoperative monitoring).
Trust is the Cure to Distributed Consensus with Adversaries (2019)

Distributed consensus is a prototypical distributed optimization and decision making problem in social, economic and engineering networked systems. In collaborative applications investigating the effects of adversaries is a critical problem. In this paper we investigate distributed consensus problems in the presence of adversaries. We combine key ideas from distributed consensus in computer science on one hand and in control systems on the other. The main idea is to detect Byzantine adversaries in a network of collaborating agents who have as goal reaching consensus, and exclude them from the consensus process and dynamics. We describe a novel trust-aware consensus algorithm that integrates the trust evaluation mechanism into the distributed consensus algorithm and propose various local decision rules based on local evidence. To further enhance the robustness of trust evaluation itself, we also introduce a trust propagation scheme in order to take into account evidences of other nodes in the network. The resulting algorithm is flexible and extensible, and can incorporate more complex designs of decision rules and trust models. To demonstrate the power of our trust-aware algorithm, we provide new theoretical security performance results in terms of miss detection and false alarm rates for regular and general trust graphs. We demonstrate through simulations that the new trust-aware consensus algorithm can effectively detect Byzantine adversaries and can exclude them from consensus iterations even in sparse networks with connectivity less than 2f+1, where f is the number of adversaries.
Discovery and Optimization of Tetramethylpiperidinyl Benzamides as Inhibitors of EZH2 (2014)

The identification and development of a novel series of small molecule Enhancer of Zeste Homologue 2 (EZH2) inhibitors is described. A concise and modular synthesis enabled the rapid development of structure-activity relationships, which led to the identification of 44 as a potent, SAM-competitive inhibitor of EZH2 that dose-dependently decreased global H3K27me3 in KARPAS-422 lymphoma cells.
Development of second-level connection method for large-size CPU package (2014)

This paper reports on second-level interconnection development for a large-scale Ball Grid Array (BGA) package. Generally, control of warpage becomes a problem as BGA packages become larger. To solve this problem, the following two measures were executed. The first was adoption of a low-temperature solder, and the second was warpage control using a heat spreader as a fixture. We were able to decrease the reflow temperature to 200°C by applying the low-temperature solder, and the effect was a warp reduction of 200 μm. Moreover, the shape of the heat spreader was optimized through a thermal-stress simulation, obtaining a warp reduction of 100 μm. Verification with a test vehicle was executed, no short/opening was observed, and the results of a thermal cycle test and simulation confirmed there was no problem in reliability.
Prevalence, determinants and association of unawareness of diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia with poor disease control in a multi-ethnic Asian population without cardiovascular disease (2019)

Unawareness of diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia is high in Singapore, with risk factors varying across all three diseases, although Malay ethnicity is a consistent one. Unawareness was also associated with poor management for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Public health education and screening programs should target at-risk individuals, especially Malays, to reduce the likelihood of incident CVD.
Learning the Compositional Spaces for Generalized Zero-shot Learning (2018)

This paper studies the problem of Generalized Zero-shot Learning (G-ZSL), whose goal is to classify instances belonging to both seen and unseen classes at the test time. We propose a novel space decomposition method to solve G-ZSL. Some previous models with space decomposition operations only calibrate the confident prediction of source classes (W-SVM [46]) or take target-class instances as outliers [49]. In contrast, we propose to directly estimate and fine-tune the decision boundary between the source and the target classes. Specifically, we put forward a framework that enables to learn compositional spaces by splitting the instances into Source, Target, and Uncertain spaces and perform recognition in each space, where the uncertain space contains instances whose labels cannot be confidently predicted. We use two statistical tools, namely, bootstrapping and Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) Test, to learn the compositional spaces for G-ZSL. We validate our method extensively on multiple G-ZSL benchmarks, on which it achieves state-of-the-art performances.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Suzuki Reactions of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Difluoro(aryl)‐boranes. (2015)

Abstract Stable difluoro(aryl) boranes [e.g. (II)] are synthesized from NHC‐arylboranes [e.g. (I)] and Selectfluor in high yields and are a new class of stable precursors for Suzuki coupling.
Supplementary Text from Frequent Mutation of the PI3K Pathway in Head and Neck Cancer Defines Predictive Biomarkers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Text - PDF file 99K, Contains figure legends for supplemental figures 1-4, and text describing supplemental methodology&lt;/p&gt;