gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Graft Orientation Influences the Knee Flexion Moment During Walking in Patients With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2009)

This finding supports the hypothesis that graft placement plays a critical role in the restoration of normal ambulatory mechanics after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and thus could provide a partial explanation for the increased incidence of premature osteoarthritis at long-term follow-up in patients with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantioenriched Allenes from 1,1‐Cyclopropanediesters. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A specific role of the Saccharopolyspora erythraea thioesterase II gene in the function of modular polyketide synthases (2003)

Bacterial modular polyketide synthase (PKS) genes are commonly associated with another gene that encodes a thioesterase II (TEII) believed to remove aberrantly loaded substrates from the PKS. Co-expression of the Saccharopolyspora erythraea ery-ORF5 TEII and eryA genes encoding 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) in Streptomyces hosts eliminated or significantly lowered production of 8,8'-deoxyoleandolide [15-nor-6-deoxyerythronolide B (15-nor-6dEB)], which arises from an acetate instead of a propionate starter unit. Disruption of the TEII gene in an industrial Sac. erythraea strain caused a notable amount of 15-norerythromycins to be produced by utilization of an acetate instead of a propionate starter unit and also resulted in moderately lowered production of erythromycin compared with the amount produced by the parental strain. A similar behaviour of the TEII gene was observed in Escherichia coli strains that produce 6dEB and 15-methyl-6dEB. Direct biochemical analysis showed that the ery-ORF5 TEII enzyme favours hydrolysis of acetyl groups bound to the loading acyl carrier protein domain (ACP(L)) of DEBS. These results point to a clear role of the TEII enzyme, i.e. removal of a specific type of acyl group from the ACP(L) domain of the DEBS1 loading module.
Epitaxial TaC Films for the Selective Area Growth of SiC (2008)

At sufficiently high temperatures PLD deposited TaC films can be grown epitaxially on 4H-SiC (0001) substrates; at lower temperatures the films recrystallize and ball up forming a large number of pinholes. The growth temperature for epitaxy was found to be 1000°C, and it was facilitated by the epitaxial growth of a thin (2 nm) transition layer of hexagonal Ta2C. High temperature annealing produced changes in the surface morphology, caused grain growth, and created pin holes through a recrystallization process in the films deposited at the lower temperatures, while the films deposited at the higher temperatures remained virtually unchanged. Using TEM it is shown that the (0001) basal planes of the hexagonal 4H-SiC and Ta2C phases are aligned, and they were also parallel to the (111) plane in the cubic TaC with the [101] cubic direction being parallel to the hexagonal [2110] hexagonal direction. The Ta2C interlayer most likely is formed because its lattice parameter in the basel plane (3.103 Ǻ) is intermediate between that of the 4H-SiC (3.08 Ǻ) and the TaC (3.150 Ǻ). Given that Al.5Ga.5N is lattice matched to TaC, it could be an excellent substrate for the growth of GaN/AlGaN heterostructures.
Splanchnic nerve modulation in heart failure: mechanistic overview, initial clinical experience, and safety considerations (2021)

Volume recruitment from the splanchnic compartment is an important physiological response to stressors such as physical activity and blood loss. In the setting of heart failure (HF), excess fluid redistribution from this compartment leads to increased cardiac filling pressures with limitation in exercise capacity. Recent evidence suggests that blocking neural activity of the greater splanchnic nerve (GSN) could have significant benefits in some patients with HF by reducing cardiac filling pressures and improving exercise capacity. However, to date the long-term safety of splanchnic nerve modulation (SNM) in the setting of HF is unknown. SNM is currently used in clinical practice to alleviate some forms of chronic abdominal pain. A systematic review of the series where permanent SNM was used as a treatment for chronic abdominal pain indicates that permanent SNM is well tolerated, with side-effects limited to transient diarrhoea or abdominal colic and transient hypotension. The pathophysiological role of the GSN in volume redistribution, the encouraging findings of acute and chronic pilot SNM studies and the safety profile from permanent SNM for pain provides a strong basis for continued efforts to study this therapeutic target in HF.
Vascular targeting of antithrombotic agents (2011)

In this review we discuss the limited efficacy for current pharmacological agents used in prophylaxis and treatment of thrombosis and highlight targeted delivery of anti-thrombotic agents to fibrin, platelets, red blood cells and endothelium.
Characterization of magnetomechanical properties in FeGaB thin films (2018)

Layered magnetic/piezoelectric heterostructures have drawn a great amount of interest for their potential use in ultra-sensitive magnetoelectric (ME) sensors, ME antennas, voltage tunable inductors, magnetic tunable resonators, etc. It is critically important to characterize the saturation magnetostriction, piezomagnetic coefficient, ΔE effect, and magnetomechanical coupling factor of magnetic thin films, which determine the performance of these ME devices. In this work, a sensitive system has been developed to measure these magnetomechanical properties, on which several different magnetostrictive thin films on the silicon substrate cantilever were characterized. A 0.015 ppm limit of detection of the magnetostriction tester and a frequency resolution of 0.01 Hz of the ΔE tester have been achieved. After magnetic anneal treatment, a record high piezomagnetic coefficient of 12 ppm/Oe, a giant magnetic field induced Young's modulus change of 153 GPa, and a high effective magnetomechanical coupling factor of 0.84 have been measured in FeGaB thin films.
Polarization-dependent circular Dammann grating made of azo-dye-doped liquid crystals (2011)

A polarization-dependent circular Dammann grating (CDG) was generated from an azo-dye-doped liquid crystal (LC) cell. A simple multiexposure photo-alignment process was used to fabricate a binary phase LC CDG zone plane, which was composed of an odd zone with a twisted nematic LC structure and an even zone with a homogenous LC structure. A two-order CDG with equal-intensity rings was produced through a Fourier transform. The maximum zeroth and first diffraction orders of obtained CDG can be separately achieved by rotating the analyzer's polarization direction. The CDG using an azo-dye-doped LC cell can be used to generate diffractions by lasers in a broad wavelength range, hence expanding possible device applications.
Comparison of LTE and DSRC-Based Connectivity for Intelligent Transportation Systems (2017)

Intelligent transport systems (ITS) have recently attracted much attention, partly arising from the demands of improving road traffic safety and efficiency. 3GPP is addressing the communication needs associated to ITS and vehicle to vehicle (V2V) services as part of LTE Rel-14 enhancements, including unicast, multicast, and sidelink transport options. This paper summarizes the present status of 3GPP standardization, evaluates the different LTE based transport options, and compares the performance of LTE to an alternative V2V transport based on the IEEE 802.11p standard. Our investigations show that LTE multicast is more efficient than LTE unicast, which is constrained by limited downlink resources. We also observe a performance trade-off between LTE multicast and sidelink, where for high system load sidelink provides better reliability than LTE multicast for shorter communication ranges, while multicast outperforms sidelink for longer ranges. Finally, our results show that both LTE multicast and LTE sidelink outperform IEEE 802.11p in range and reliability for the considered scenarios.
Scale Up of Oxygen Carrier Production (2019)

Presented by NETL at 5th International Conference on Chemical Looping, 09/18
Experimental demonstration of a “pin-like” low-divergence beam in a 1-Gbit/s OOK FSO link using a limited-size receiver aperture at various propagation distances (2022)

In free-space optical (FSO) communications, there are scenarios (e.g., from a ground station to a drone/airplane) in which: (i) the transmitter (Tx) can have a relatively large aperture whereas the receiver (Rx) aperture should preferably be much smaller, and (ii) the distance between the Tx and Rx can vary such that beam divergence will cause a variation in the recovered signal power. In such cases, transmission using a fundamental Gaussian beam can be significantly degraded due to beam truncation caused by a limited-size Rx aperture. Here, we experimentally demonstrate a 1-Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) FSO transmission link using a structured “pin-like” beam with a limited-size Rx aperture at various distances. The pin-like beam is generated by passing a Gaussian beam through an “Airy-type” phase pattern in the radial direction. When propagating, this structured beam first narrows and then tends to maintain its narrow beam size over a fairly wide range of distances. In comparison to its Gaussian counterpart, our experimental results show that the pin-like beam has ∼13 to 8 dB less power loss at distances ranging from 0.45 m to 0.8 m with an Rx aperture diameter of 1 mm. Moreover, we simulate the propagation of the pin-like beam and show its relatively lower power loss for a wide distance variation in a longer link (e.g., ∼1 km) with a limited-size Rx aperture. Furthermore, our results show that the pin-like beam can have a wider range of low-power-loss distances than a Gaussian beam that is focused to a given distance.
ChemInform Abstract: STEREOSPECIFIC SYNTHESES OF BOTH DIASTEREOMERS OF (.+‐.)‐2‐AMINO‐4‐METHYL‐5‐HEXENOIC ACID (1981)

Abstract Brom‐acrylsäureester (I) und trans‐2‐Buten (II) liefern im wesentlichen den ungesättigten Carbonsäureester (III), der mit NaN 3 in Gegenwart von Phosphoniumsalz zu (IVa) umgesetzt wird.
Fiber optic link for digital audio interface (1988)

A description is given of a fiber optic link for digital audio interfaces that is able to transmit 3 Mb/s biphase signals up to 10 m with the pulse-width distortion at less than +or-25 ns. The fiber optic transmitting module consists of a GaAlAs light-emitting diode emitting at 660 nm wavelength, and a transmitting IC. These chips are mounted on a lead frame and molded by a clear resin. This molded unit is assembled into a receptacle that has a self-tapping hole for easy attachment to the rear panel of audio equipment. It also has preformed pins for presetting to the printed circuit board before soldering. The fiber-optic receiving module consists of a Si-p-i-n photodiode, and a receiving IC, and is assembled with these chips in the same way as the transmitting module. The conductive receptable electromagnetically shields the receiving module, but a nonconductive spacer attached to the receptacle electrically isolates it from rear panel. The link is intended for use in compact disk (CD) players, digital audio tape (DAT) recorders, video cassette recorders (VCRs), and digital receivers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Functional and structural basis of the nuclear localization signal in the ZIC3 zinc finger domain (2008)

Disruptions in ZIC3 cause heterotaxy, a congenital anomaly of the left-right axis. ZIC3 encodes a nuclear protein with a zinc finger (ZF) domain that contains five tandem C2H2 ZF motifs. Missense mutations in the first ZF motif (ZF1) result in defective nuclear localization, which may underlie the pathogenesis of heterotaxy. Here we revealed the structural and functional basis of the nuclear localization signal (NLS) of ZIC3 and investigated its relationship to the defect caused by ZF1 mutation. The ZIC3 NLS was located in the ZF2 and ZF3 regions, rather than ZF1. Several basic residues interspersed throughout these regions were responsible for the nuclear localization, but R320, K337 and R350 were particularly important. NMR structure analysis revealed that ZF1-4 had a similar structure to GLI ZF, and the basic side chains of the NLS clustered together in two regions on the protein surface, similar to classical bipartite NLSs. Among the residues for the ZF1 mutations, C253 and H286 were positioned for the metal chelation, whereas W255 was positioned in the hydrophobic core formed by ZF1 and ZF2. Tryptophan 255 was a highly conserved inter-finger connector and formed part of a structural motif (tandem CXW-C-H-H) that is shared with GLI, Glis and some fungal ZF proteins. Furthermore, we found that knockdown of Karyopherin alpha1/alpha6 impaired ZIC3 nuclear localization, and physical interactions between the NLS and the nuclear import adapter proteins were disturbed by mutations in the NLS but not by W255G. These results indicate that ZIC3 is imported into the cell nucleus by the Karyopherin (Importin) system and that the impaired nuclear localization by the ZF1 mutation is not due to a direct influence on the NLS.
Systematic overestimation of intracranial pressure measured using a Camino pressure monitor. (1996)

Genotype and allele frequency ofAPOE in patients with late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), controls
A reply (2000)

Thank you for the opportunity to reply to these letters. Dr Turner was left in a state of confusion and perplexity having read our editorial. This is perhaps because the subject is inexact, and when coupled with the paucity of data available, may indeed lead to confusion. Drs Poulton and Garfield were dismayed with our conclusions that one should attempt to quash the residual neuronal activity that persists in some organ donors, and they seem to erroneously suggest that our editorial indicated knowingly confirming individual conscious patients as dead. The senior author of the editorial must take some responsibility for Drs Poulton and Garfield inability to read and comprehend simple and clearly written material as they both have spent some of their time as trainees at our Institution. Defining a moment at which death occurs within the dying process is necessary but arbitrary, and differs across societies. A brain might be defined as dead in the United Kingdom, yet the same brain would not be dead in Europe and vice-versa. In the UK we do not use objective measures suggesting an absence of organised electrical activity, blood flow or brain perfusion, and there is a Royal College consensus that they are not required. Although the UK definition of brain death was formulated over 20 years ago by the medical profession, it remains as valid now as it was then as it clearly and accurately predicts futility of treatment in patients who fulfil these criteria. Although the subsequent emergence of data suggesting organised brain activity and perfusion in a minority of the brainstem dead is unsettling, the fact remains that in those patients in whom brain stem death criteria have been fulfilled, survival rate is zero. While there is no evidence to suggest consciousness persists in these patients (with obvious reasons), the absence of a direct measurement of this makes it only a belief that has not, and perhaps cannot be, confirmed. We are clear in our own minds, and indeed have made it clear in our editorial, that we are in full support of the UK definition of brain stem death as the futility of persisting in treating patients who fulfil the criteria is unjustified and uneconomical. We further agree that a clinically brainstem dead patient with a suitably validated objective confirmatory test of cerebral function (if one existed) would not need anaesthesia. However, as in the majority of cases these confirmatory tests are not available, and while we remain convinced of the validity of the UK criteria of brain stem death as a value measure of a terminal disease process, we believe that organ donors should always receive peroperative general anaesthesia, which after all is frequently used at present and appears to be innocuous.
Complexation of Amino Compounds by 18C6 Improves Selectivity by IMS-IMS-MS: Application to Petroleum Characterization (2011)

Complexation of a series of related amino compounds by 18-crown-6 ether (18C6) is studied as a means of improving the resolution of mixtures by combinations of ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and mass spectrometry (MS) techniques. Mixtures of the isomeric amines n-octylamine (NOA), dibutylamine (DBA), and diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) were electrosprayed to produce gaseous [M + H](+) ions. These species have overlapping mobilities and are not resolved by IMS. Addition of 18C6 yields [M + 18C6 + H](+) ion complexes that are resolved by IMS. In subsequent experiments, [M + 18C6 + H](+) ion complexes are separated according to their mobilities and specific species are selected and exposed to collisional activation. This analysis yields dissociation voltages that are inversely correlated with the number of separate substitutions on the nitrogen atom of the amino compounds; dissociation voltages of ~40, ~90, and ~150 V are obtained for the tri-, di-, and mono-substituted amino compounds DIPEA, DBA, and NOA, respectively. For these complexes, an inverse correlation is also observed with respect to the gas-phase basicities (GB) of the amino compounds (964, 935, and 895 kJ mol(-1), respectively). Studies of 18C6 complexes with a series of n-alkylamines (C( n )H(2n+3)N where n=3 to 18, respectively) show that dissociation voltages increase systematically (from ~140 to ~190 V) under the conditions employed. The sensitivity to collision energy provides an additional means of distinguishing between classes of compounds. The approach is extended as a means of separating nitrogen-containing compounds from petroleum.
ChemInform Abstract: Organotin Nucleophiles. Part 6. Palladium‐Catalyzed Allylic Etherification with Tin Alkoxides. (1986)

Abstract Aus dem 1,3‐Diaryl‐allylacetat (I) erhält man bei der Umsetzung mit Tributylmethoxyzinn in Gegenwart eines Pd(I)‐Komplexes (IIc) gute Ausbeuten an den isomeren Methoxyverbindungen (IIIa) und (IIIb), während mit (IIa), (IIb) oder (IId) kein Austausch erfolgt.
Small Axial Turbine Stage Cooling Investigation (1971)

Abstract : The report describes an investigation of advanced cooling concepts for the gas producer axial flow turbine of a small gas turbine engine. These concepts were directed toward minimizing the engine performance penalties, especially at part power, associated with conventional air cooling of the turbine. The initial phase consisted of a conceptual analysis of five stator and five rotor cooling concepts. The coolants for closed systems included liquid metal, high pressure gas, two phase H2O, heat pipe (two-phase liquid metal), and superheated steam. Modulated compressor air for transpiration cooling was also studied. To return the heat to the cycle, heat exchangers used in conjunction with the closed coolant systems utilized compressor exit air of fuels. Heat transfer analyses and preliminary designs were conducted on two selected turbine cooling concepts. The concepts selected as the most feasible included the closed systems using liquid metal or high pressure air for the stator and liquid metal or superheated steam for the rotor. Compressor discharge air was used as the heat sink for these systems. The effects of these systems on engine performance were also evaluated.
Synthesis and cytotoxic activity of thiazolyl indolequinones (1999)

A number of thiazolyl indolequinones have been prepared and evaluated for their antitumor properties. The compounds were synthesized from the appropriate indole, building up the thiazole ring using the Hantzsch reaction. Cytotoxic activity was determined in the human breast cancer SKBr3 cell line. Selected compounds were also studied in human lung carcinoma A549 and PV9 cell lines. In addition, some compounds were evaluated for their possible bioreductive action by determining their cytotoxicity towards V79 Chinese hamster lung fibroblasts in air and under anaerobic (hypoxic) conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structures of New Conformationally Rigid 1‐Aza‐1,3‐dienes of the Acenaphthene Series. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Non-Uniform Time-Step Deep Q-Network for Carrier-Sense Multiple Access in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2020)

This paper investigates a new class of carrier-sense multiple access (CSMA) protocols that employ deep reinforcement learning (DRL) techniques, referred to as carrier-sense deep-reinforcement learning multiple access (CS-DLMA). The goal of CS-DLMA is to enable efficient and equitable spectrum sharing among a group of co-located heterogeneous wireless networks. Existing CSMA protocols, such as the medium access control (MAC) protocol of WiFi, are designed for a homogeneous network in which all nodes adopt the same protocol. Such protocols suffer from severe performance degradation in a heterogeneous environment where there are nodes adopting other MAC protocols. CS-DLMA aims to circumvent this problem by making use of DRL. In particular, this paper adopts α-fairness as the general objective of CS-DLMA. With α-fairness, CS-DLMA can achieve a range of different objectives (e.g., maximizing sum throughput, achieving proportional fairness, or achieving max-min fairness) when coexisting with other MACs by changing the value of α. A salient feature of CS-DLMA is that it can achieve these objectives without knowing the coexisting MACs through a learning process based on DRL. The underpinning DRL technique in CS-DLMA is deep Q-network (DQN). However, the conventional DQN algorithms are not suitable for CS-DLMA due to their uniform time-step assumption. In CSMA protocols, time steps are non-uniform in that the time duration required for carrier sensing is smaller than the duration of data transmission. This paper introduces a non-uniform time-step formulation of DQN to address this issue. Our simulation results show that CS-DLMA can achieve the general α-fairness objective when coexisting with TDMA, ALOHA, and WiFi protocols by adjusting its own transmission strategy. Interestingly, we also find that CS-DLMA is more Pareto efficient than other CSMA protocols, e.g., p-persistent CSMA, when coexisting with WiFi. Although this paper focuses on the use of our non-uniform time-step DQN formulation in wireless networking, we believe this new DQN formulation can also find use in other domains.
Unactivated Alkyl Halides in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed C–H Bond Alkylation (2021)

Alkylation represents an important organic transformation in molecular science to develop privileged alkylated arenes and heteroarenes. Especially, the direct C–H bond alkylation using unactivated alkyl halides is a straightforward and attractive approach from both the step-economy and chemoselectivity perspectives. Substantial progress has been made in the direct alkylation using primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides along with the methylation and fluoroalkylation. This Review broadly summarizes the transition-metal-catalyzed alkylations of C–H bonds on various arenes and heteroarenes with unactivated alkyl halides until October 2020. On the basis of the substrates utilized for alkylation, the Review is divided into two major sections: alkylation of arenes and alkylation of heteroarenes.