gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Grant-Free Massive MTC-Enabled Massive MIMO: A Compressive Sensing Approach (2018)

A key challenge of massive MTC (mMTC), is the joint detection of device activity and decoding of data. The sparse characteristics of mMTC makes compressed sensing (CS) approaches a promising solution to the device detection problem. However, utilizing CS-based approaches for device detection along with channel estimation, and using the acquired estimates for coherent data transmission is suboptimal, especially when the goal is to convey only a few bits of data. First, we focus on the coherent transmission and demonstrate that it is possible to obtain more accurate channel state information by combining conventional estimators with CS-based techniques. Moreover, we illustrate that even simple power control techniques can enhance the device detection performance in mMTC setups. Second, we devise a new non-coherent transmission scheme for mMTC and specifically for grant-free random access. We design an algorithm that jointly detects device activity along with embedded information bits. The approach leverages elements from the approximate message passing (AMP) algorithm, and exploits the structured sparsity introduced by the non-coherent transmission scheme. Our analysis reveals that the proposed approach has superior performance compared to application of the original AMP approach.
Small Sense and Antisense RNAs Derived from a Telomeric Retroposon Family in Giardia intestinalis (2005)

Sequencing of a library of small RNAs from Giardia intestinalis identified a novel class of small sense and antisense RNAs homologous to the retroposon family GilT/Genie1 that is located at certain telomeres. These small RNAs may contribute to silencing GilT expression via the RNA interference pathway.
Nematic structuring of transparent and multifunctional nanocellulose papers (2018)

The nematic structuring of cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) is proposed as a nanostructural engineering tool for exploiting the potential of CNFs in conceptually new transparent papers. The nematic-st ...
Aβ Deposits in the Neocortex of Adult and Infant Hypoxic Brains, Including in Cases of COVID-19 (2022)

The brain of a 58-year-old woman was included as a civilian control in an ongoing autopsy study of military traumatic brain injury (TBI). The woman died due to a polysubstance drug overdose, with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) serving as a contributing factor. Immunohistochemical stains for β-amyloid (Aβ), routinely performed for the TBI study, revealed numerous, unusual neocortical Aβ deposits. We investigated the autopsied brains of 10 additional young patients (<60 years old) who died of COVID-19, and found similar Aβ deposits in all, using two different Aβ antibodies across three different medical centers. The deposits failed to stain with Thioflavin-S. To investigate whether or not these deposits formed uniquely to COVID-19, we applied Aβ immunostains to the autopsied brains of COVID-19-negative adults who died with acute respiratory distress syndrome and infants with severe cardiac anomalies, and also biopsy samples from patients with subacute cerebral infarcts. Cortical Aβ deposits were also found in these cases, suggesting a link to hypoxia. The fate of these deposits and their effects on function are unknown, but it is possible that they contribute to the neurocognitive sequelae observed in some COVID-19 patients. Our findings may also have broader implications concerning hypoxia and its role in Aβ deposition in the brain.
A Random Sampling Scheme for Path Planning (1997)

Several randomized path planners have been proposed dur ing the last few years. Their attractiveness stems from their applicability to virtually any type of robots, and their empir ically observed success. In this article, we attempt to present a unifying view of these planners and to theoretically explain their success. First, we introduce a general planning scheme that consists of randomly sampling the robot 's configuration space. We then describe two previously developed planners as instances of planners based on this scheme, but applying very different sampling strategies. These planners are probabilis tically complete: if a path exists, they will find one with high probability, if we let them run long enough. Next, for one of the planners, we analyze the relation between the probability of failure and the running time. Under assumptions characteriz ing the "goodness" of the robot's free space, we show that the
Abstract 5001: Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling and analysis provides biological insights into anti-PD-1 dosing and predicts optimal PD-1 x TIM-3 therapeutic properties for bispecifics and fixed dose combinations in immuno-oncology (2016)

Abstract The goal of this collaboration was to enable early quantitative thought experiments and risk assessments by developing and interrogating a quantitative systems pharmacology (QSP) model of the co-modulation inhibitory receptors PD-1 and TIM-3 in immuno-oncology. The QSP model was to: (1) provide predictions of best-in-class profiles for a PD-1 and TIM-3 fixed dose combination (FDC) and dual antagonist platforms, and (2) provide biological insights. The QSP model was based on first principles as a system of elementary mass-action, mechanistic PKPD, ordinary differential equations. The model parameters and reactions were based on biophysics, and are interpretable. The model reactions include protein synthesis and elimination, ligand-receptor and drug-target formation and turnover, and drug administration and first order clearance. There were four versions of the model: PD-1 monospecific, TIM-3 monospecific, PD-1 x TIM-3 bispecific and fixed dose combination (FDC) targeting PD-1 and TIM-3. The monospecific models were then benchmarked against published data such that model parameter values were set to known values and unknown parameters were estimated. Once benchmarked, the FDC and bispecific models were analyzed by systematically investigating how tuning the model parameters (e.g., affinity, avidity, dose, half-life, target expression, etc.) impacted target inhibition, and to simulate patient variability. The model predictions were in good agreement with published clinical data from Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab, providing a hypothesis for the apparent inconsistencies in similar clinical doses for therapeutics with affinities differing by several orders of magnitude, and data from RMT3-23 in the TIM-3 driven mouse model. QSP model analysis predicted: (1) there would be diminishing returns on very tight binding biologics due to Target Mediated Drug Disposition (TMDD) that offsets potency, and (2) there is no advantage between FDC, 2-2 bispecific, and 2-1 bispecific formats, which are predicted to be roughly equivalent. Citation Format: Joshua Apgar, Jamie Wong, Ryan Phennicie, Robert Mabry, Tatiana Novobrantseva, Michael Briskin, John M. Burke. Quantitative systems pharmacology modeling and analysis provides biological insights into anti-PD-1 dosing and predicts optimal PD-1 x TIM-3 therapeutic properties for bispecifics and fixed dose combinations in immuno-oncology. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5001.
A Phylogeny-Based Global Nomenclature System and Automated Annotation Tool for H1 Hemagglutinin Genes from Swine Influenza A Viruses (2016)

The H1 subtype of influenza A viruses (IAVs) has been circulating in swine since the 1918 human influenza pandemic. Over time, and aided by further introductions from nonswine hosts, swine H1 viruses have diversified into three genetic lineages. Due to limited global data, these H1 lineages were named based on colloquial context, leading to a proliferation of inconsistent regional naming conventions. In this study, we propose rigorous phylogenetic criteria to establish a globally consistent nomenclature of swine H1 virus hemagglutinin (HA) evolution. These criteria applied to a data set of 7,070 H1 HA sequences led to 28 distinct clades as the basis for the nomenclature. We developed and implemented a web-accessible annotation tool that can assign these biologically informative categories to new sequence data. The annotation tool assigned the combined data set of 7,070 H1 sequences to the correct clade more than 99% of the time. Our analyses indicated that 87% of the swine H1 viruses from 2010 to the present had HAs that belonged to 7 contemporary cocirculating clades. Our nomenclature and web-accessible classification tool provide an accurate method for researchers, diagnosticians, and health officials to assign clade designations to HA sequences. The tool can be updated readily to track evolving nomenclature as new clades emerge, ensuring continued relevance. A common global nomenclature facilitates comparisons of IAVs infecting humans and pigs, within and between regions, and can provide insight into the diversity of swine H1 influenza virus and its impact on vaccine strain selection, diagnostic reagents, and test performance, thereby simplifying communication of such data. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> A fundamental goal in the biological sciences is the definition of groups of organisms based on evolutionary history and the naming of those groups. For influenza A viruses (IAVs) in swine, understanding the hemagglutinin (HA) genetic lineage of a circulating strain aids in vaccine antigen selection and allows for inferences about vaccine efficacy. Previous reporting of H1 virus HA in swine relied on colloquial names, frequently with incriminating and stigmatizing geographic toponyms, making comparisons between studies challenging. To overcome this, we developed an adaptable nomenclature using measurable criteria for historical and contemporary evolutionary patterns of H1 global swine IAVs. We also developed a web-accessible tool that classifies viruses according to this nomenclature. This classification system will aid agricultural production and pandemic preparedness through the identification of important changes in swine IAVs and provides terminology enabling discussion of swine IAVs in a common context among animal and human health initiatives.
GABAB receptor mediated inhibition of field stimulation-induced contractions of rabbit bladder muscle in-vitro (1984)

The effects of GABA and selective GABAA and GABAB receptor agonists and antagonists have been investigated on field stimulation-induced contractions (0.1 Hz) of rabbit urinary bladder strips in-vitro. Atropine inhibits twitches of bladder strips obtained from the bladder dome more effectively than those obtained from the bladder base. Both GABA and the selective GABAB receptor agonist, (+/-)-baclofen inhibited field stimulation-induced contractions to about the same extent, while the selective GABAA receptor agonist, homotaurine had no effect. In the presence of atropine, GABA failed to inhibit further the amplitude of twitches. The effects of either GABA or (+/-)-baclofen were antagonized by the GABAB receptor antagonists homotaurine and 5-aminovaleric acid, while the GABAA receptor antagonist picrotoxin had no effect. Neither GABA nor (+/-)-baclofen had any significant effect on acetylcholine-induced contractions of unstimulated bladder strips, but they were abolished by atropine. These results suggest that GABAB receptors inhibit field stimulation-induced contractions of rabbit bladder muscle by reducing the amount of acetylcholine released per nerve impulse.
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Multi-Antenna Joint Communication and Radar Transmissions (2020)

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA), relying on multi-antenna Rate-Splitting (RS) techniques, has emerged as a powerful strategy for multi-user multi-antenna systems. In this paper, RSMA is introduced as a unified multiple access for multi-antenna radar-communication (RadCom) system, where the base station has a dual communication and radar capability to simultaneously communicate with downlink users and probe detection signals to azimuth angles of interests. Using RS, messages are split into common and private parts, then encoded into common and private streams before being precoded and transmitted. We design the message split and the precoders for this RadCom system such that the Weighted Sum Rate (WSR) is maximized and the transmit beampattern is approximated to the desired radar beampattern under an average transmit power constraint at each antenna. We then propose a framework based on Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) to solve the complicated non-convex optimization problem. Results highlight the benefits of RSMA to unify RadCom transmissions and to manage the interference among radar and communications, over the conventional Space-Division Multiple Access (SDMA) technique.
Three-Dimensional Breast Cancer Models Mimic Hallmarks of Size-Induced Tumor Progression (2016)

Tumor size is strongly correlated with breast cancer metastasis and patient survival. Increased tumor size contributes to hypoxic and metabolic gradients in the solid tumor and to an aggressive tumor phenotype. Thus, it is important to develop three-dimensional (3D) breast tumor models that recapitulate size-induced microenvironmental changes and, consequently, natural tumor progression in real time without the use of artificial culture conditions or gene manipulations. Here, we developed size-controlled multicellular aggregates ("microtumors") of subtype-specific breast cancer cells by using non-adhesive polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate hydrogel microwells of defined sizes (150-600 μm). These 3D microtumor models faithfully represent size-induced microenvironmental changes, such as hypoxic gradients, cellular heterogeneity, and spatial distribution of necrotic/proliferating cells. These microtumors acquire hallmarks of tumor progression in the same cell lines within 6 days. Of note, large microtumors of hormone receptor-positive cells exhibited an aggressive phenotype characterized by collective cell migration and upregulation of mesenchymal markers at mRNA and protein level, which was not observed in small microtumors. Interestingly, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines did not show size-dependent upregulation of mesenchymal markers. In conclusion, size-controlled microtumor models successfully recapitulated clinically observed positive association between tumor size and aggressive phenotype in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer while maintaining clinically proven poor correlation of tumor size with aggressive phenotype in TNBC. Such clinically relevant 3D models generated under controlled experimental conditions can serve as precise preclinical models to study mechanisms involved in breast tumor progression as well as antitumor drug effects as a function of tumor progression. Cancer Res; 76(13); 3732-43. ©2016 AACR.
Why Visualize? Arguments for Visual Support in Decision Making (2021)

Just like the numerous applications of visualization, there are plenty of theoretical arguments for why visualization can aid in knowledge generation and communication. Meanwhile, to date, these arguments have been presented independently, which hinders the exploitation of underlying properties of visualization in practice. We present a network of arguments that explicate not only how different arguments build on each other, but also which arguments demand for tradeoffs in the design of visualizations. Furthermore, we call for the extension of our network to the application of visualization in decision making, as well as visual analytics. We highlight the practical applicability of our theoretical approach with examples, including one from the text analysis.
A POTENTIOMETRIC OXYGEN SENSOR USING LaF3 SINGLE CRYSTAL OPERATIVE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE (1984)

Abstract The electromotive force (EMF) of a solid-electrolyte cell using LaF3 single crystal was found to respond to a change of oxygen partial pressure even at 25 °C, in accordance with the Nernst’s law. The 90% response time of this sensor was as short as ca. 3 min at 25 °C.
Transpsoas Lumbar Interbody Fusion Without Psoas Stimulated Electromyography (2020)

An anatomic transpsoas approach to the interbody space without psoas sEMG demonstrated a rate of neurological and approach-related complications that was comparable or superior to the rate of complications reported using the traditional transpsoas approach with sEMG.
Electrochemical Disinfection of Experimentally Infected Teeth by Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode Treatment (2019)

Disinfection and prevention of re-infection are the decisive treatment steps in endodontic therapy. In this study, boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes have been fabricated and used for disinfecting the root canals of extracted human teeth, which had been covered with bacterial biofilms formed by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> and <i>Staphylococcus epidermidis</i>. The growth of <i>B. subtilis</i> could be successfully impaired, achieving a complete disinfection after 8.5 min treatment time with the success of disinfection depending on the insertion depth of the electrode in the root canal. <i>S. epidermidis</i> could completely be removed after 3.5 min treatment time. A clinically applicable electrode array led to complete disinfection after treatment times of 10 min for <i>S. epidermidis</i> and 25 min for <i>B. subtilis</i>. BDD electrode application allowed for the improved disinfection of root canals and dentin tubules based on a continuous production of reactive oxygen species and their enhanced penetration of dentin tubules most likely due the formation of a continuous stream of small gas bubbles. The treatment times that are required here will be shortened in clinical application, as mechanical shaping of the canal system would precede the disinfection process.
Measurement of Two-Phase Flow Using Multi-Wave Ultrasonic (2006)

This paper proposes a new measurement technique for multi-phase flow using correlation and multi-wave method. The authors developed a unique ultrasonic transducer named as multi-wave TDX. The TDX consists of a special ultrasonic element having two basic ultrasonic frequencies. The central 3 mm diameter area has a basic frequency of 8 MHz and the outer area has a basic frequency of 2 MHz. The TDX can emit the two ultrasonic frequencies independently. Using the two ultrasonic wave lengths, signals of two basic frequencies can be obtained at the same time. Comparing with the each echo signal, the signal combination can be classified into 3 groups. Hence, applying ultrasonic correlation method (UTDC) and the signal comparison method for multi-wave method, bubble rising velocity and liquid velocity distribution can be obtained simultaneously.
Black Start Service from Offshore Wind Power Plant using IBESS (2021)

The share of renewables in the power system is increasing rapidly. Large offshore wind power plants (OWPPs) are developed at a high pace and conventional fossil fuel-based plants are decommissioned. Consequently, there will be a risk of insufficient amount of power plants providing black start functionality for system restoration after a black out. This paper proposes a STATCOM with a battery energy storage that is located at the point of common connection to an OWPP that together can provide a reliable black start service to the power grid. The concept is demonstrated by using time domain simulations in PSCAD. The STATCOM functionality provides fast and dynamic reactive power management and the battery unit provides active power balancing capability to maintain the frequency within a tolerable range specified by the system operator. The simulation results fulfill the success criteria for the black start and confirm its feasibility for practical implementation.
Generation of Leads for γ-Secretase Modulation (2020)

Herein, we disclose three structurally differentiated γ-secretase modulators (GSMs) based on an oxadiazine scaffold. The analogues from series I potently inhibit the generation of Aβ<sub>42</sub> in vitro when the substituents at 3 and 4 positions of the oxadiazine moiety adopt an α orientation (cf. <b>11</b>). To address the concern around potential reactivity of the exocyclic double bond present in series I toward nucleophilic attack, compounds containing either an endocyclic double bond, such as <b>20</b> (series II), or devoid of an olefinic moiety, such as <b>27</b> (series III), were designed and validated as novel GSMs. Compound <b>11</b> and azepine <b>20</b> exhibit robust lowering of CSF Aβ<sub>42</sub> in rats treated with a 30 mg/kg oral dose.
IRSIM: an incremental MOS switch-level simulator (1989)

This paper describes IRSIM, an incremental switch-level simulator for MOS transistor circuits. In IRSIM, the circuit under simulation can be modified and then incrementally resimulated. This allows error correction and circuit operation verification to be performed in time proportional to the size of the modifications rather than the size of the entire circuit. To accomplish this incremental simulation, IRSIM maintains a history of circuit activity during simulation and only resimulates the sections of the circuit that deviate from their history. The program was tested on several corrections to errors that actually occurred in the design of a VLSI microprocessor. These errors were corrected and the circuit was incrementally resimulated 1.6 to 3500 times faster than simulating the entire circuit.
Restricted Hip Rotation Is Correlated With an Increased Risk for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury (2016)

Level II, prognostic, prospective cohort study.
Kinetic Treatments for Catalyst Activation and Deactivation Processes based on Variable Time Normalization Analysis (2019)

Abstract Progress reaction profiles are affected by both catalyst activation and deactivation processes occurring alongside the main reaction. These processes complicate the kinetic analysis of reactions, often directing researchers toward incorrect conclusions. We report the application of two kinetic treatments, based on variable time normalization analysis, to reactions involving catalyst activation and deactivation processes. The first kinetic treatment allows the removal of induction periods or the effect of rate perturbations associated with catalyst deactivation from kinetic profiles when the quantity of active catalyst can be measured. The second treatment allows the estimation of the activation or deactivation profile of the catalyst when the order of the reactants for the main reaction is known. Both treatments facilitate kinetic analysis of reactions suffering catalyst activation or deactivation processes.
Association between plasma levels of heat shock protein 60 and cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus (2006)

This is the first report of circulating Hsp60 levels in diabetic patients, which suggests that this secreted mitochondrial cell stress protein may be playing an unexpected role in the cardiovascular pathology associated with diabetes.
Al-2.32 Diffusion (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.