gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Detection of DNA using upconverting phosphor reporter probes</title> (1997)

We have developed a nucleic acid detection assay using an upconverting phosphor DNA reagent as a reporter probe for the detection of target single-stranded DNA molecules. Upconverting phosphors allow the detection of DNA against zero background signal because low energy IR light is absorbed by a two-photon process and remitted as a visible photon, eliminating the presence of autofluorescence. The spectral properties of upconverting phosphors, which emit in the blue, red, or green region of the spectrum, are not sensitive to solvent conditions or to temperature and can therefore be used in a variety of buffers for the qualitative and quantitative detection of biological molecules. Short DNA oligonucleotides were covalently attached to the surface of submicron size phosphor particles and used to detect M13mp18(+) DNA targets captured by magnetic beads labeled with a capture probe specific to the target. This system allowed the detection on the order of femtomoles of M13mp18(+) strand DNA. Buffer conditions were optimized for the use of the phosphor reporters. The phosphor-labeled probes are stable in aqueous solution for 2 weeks and have a lyophilized shelf life of at least one month.
Hydrogen From Solar Via Light-Assisted High-Temperature Water-Splitting Cycles (2005)

Hydrogen production from solar-driven thermochemical water splitting cycles (TCWSCs) provides an approach that is energy efficient and environmentally attractive. Of particular interest are TCWSCs that utilize both thermal (i.e. high temperature) and light (i.e. quantum) components of the solar resource, boosting the overall solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency compared to those with heat-only energy input. We have analyzed two solar-driven TCWSCs: 1) carbon dioxide (CO2)/carbon monoxide cycle; and 2) sulfur dioxide (SO2)/sulfuric acid cycle. The first cycle is based on the premise that CO2 becomes susceptible to near-ultraviolet and even visible radiation at high temperatures (greater than 1300K). The second cycle is a modification of the well-known Westinghouse hybrid cycle, wherein the electrochemical step is replaced by a photocatalytic step. At the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC), a novel hybrid photo-thermochemical sulfur-ammonia (S-A) cycle has been developed. The main reaction (unique to FSEC’s S-A cycle) is the light-induced photocatalytic production of hydrogen and ammonium sulfate from an aqueous ammonium sulfite solution. Ammonium sulfate product is processed to generate oxygen and recover ammonia and SO2 that are then recycled and reacted with water to regenerate the ammonium sulfite. Experimental data for verification of the concept are provided.
African Swine Fever Virus: Can Current Research Lead to Vaccine Development? (1999)

Globally, African swine fever has had a major economic impact, yet it was first described only in the 1920s. Several factors, including the presence of the virus in wildlife reservoirs, its persistence in pigs which recover from the disease, its stability in pork products, and lack of a vaccine, contribute to the difficulties in controlling this devastating disease. Some countries have even resorted to killing their entire pig population to rid themselves of the disease. The recently completed sequence of the entire virus genome produced many surprises and boosted research efforts. The details of how the virus enters and replicates within the host's cells, the devious strategies it uses to evade host defence systems, which of the virus's many proteins are important in causing an effective host immune response, and the protective immune mechanisms involved, are now beginning to be understood. This information will help in the design of novel disease control strategies.
Using the reconstructed genome‐scale human metabolic network to study physiology and pathology (2011)

Metabolism plays a key role in many major human diseases. Generation of high-throughput omics data has ushered in a new era of systems biology. Genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions provide a platform to interpret omics data in a biochemically meaningful manner. The release of the global human metabolic network, Recon 1, in 2007 has enabled new systems biology approaches to study human physiology, pathology and pharmacology. There are currently more than 20 publications that utilize Recon 1, including studies of cancer, diabetes, host-pathogen interactions, heritable metabolic disorders and off-target drug binding effects. In this mini-review, we focus on the reconstruction of the global human metabolic network and four classes of its application. We show that computational simulations for numerous pathologies have yielded clinically relevant results, many corroborated by existing or newly generated experimental data.
CYC: A MID-TERM REPORT (1991)

Abstract After explicating the need for a large common-sense knowledge base spanning human consensus knowledge, we report on many of the lessons learned over the first five years of attempting its construction. We have come a long way, in terms of methodology, representation language, techniques for efficient inferencing, the ontology of the knowledge base, and in terms of the environment and infrastructure in which it is being built. We describe the evolution of Cyc, its current state, and close with a look ahead at our plans and expectations for the coming five years, including an argument for how and why the project may conclude at that time.
Heterocyclic Systems Containing Tin(IV). 11. Stannocanes Cl/Br/I/Me-(Me)Sn(SCH2CH2)2X (X = O, S, NMe): Synthesis and Structural and Vibrational Data. A semiquantitative Investigation of the Energy Gain of Pentacoordinate Tin in Terms of Frontier Orbitals (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterocyclic Systems Containing Tin(IV). 11. Stannocanes Cl/Br/I/Me-(Me)Sn(SCH2CH2)2X (X = O, S, NMe): Synthesis and Structural and Vibrational Data. A semiquantitative Investigation of the Energy Gain of Pentacoordinate Tin in Terms of Frontier OrbitalsUte Kolb, Mike Beuter, Matthias Gerner, and Martin DraegerCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 11, 4413–4425Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00023a050https://doi.org/10.1021/om00023a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views127Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Truncation correction for oblique filtering lines (2008)

State-of-the-art filtered backprojection (FBP) algorithms often define the filtering operation to be performed along oblique filtering lines in the detector. A limited scan field of view leads to the truncation of those filtering lines, which causes artifacts in the final reconstructed volume. In contrast to the case where filtering is performed solely along the detector rows, no methods are available for the case of oblique filtering lines. In this work, the authors present two novel truncation correction methods which effectively handle data truncation in this case. Method 1 (basic approach) handles data truncation in two successive preprocessing steps by applying a hybrid data extrapolation method, which is a combination of a water cylinder extrapolation and a Gaussian extrapolation. It is independent of any specific reconstruction algorithm. Method 2 (kink approach) uses similar concepts for data extrapolation as the basic approach but needs to be integrated into the reconstruction algorithm. Experiments are presented from simulated data of the FORBILD head phantom, acquired along a partial-circle-plus-arc trajectory. The theoretically exact M-line algorithm is used for reconstruction. Although the discussion is focused on theoretically exact algorithms, the proposed truncation correction methods can be applied to any FBP algorithm that exposes oblique filtering lines.
Multi-functional silica microdot arrays by inkjet printing for biosensor applications (2012)

International audience
(2S,4S)-4-Azido-1-benzyl-2-[(S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]pyrrolidine (2006)

The relative stereochemistry of the title compound, C 16 H 22 N 4 O 2 , a key intermediate in the synthesis of 3-deoxy imino sugars, was firmly established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration was inferred from the starting material, D-galactose. There are no unusual crystal packing features.
Comparison of Water and Lipid Content Measurements Using Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and MRI in Emulsion Phantoms - eScholarship (2003)

We present a quantitative comparison of lipid and water signals obtained from broadband Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy (DOS) and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). DOS and MRI measurements were performed on an identical set of emulsion phantoms that were composed of different water/soybean oil fractions. Absolute concentrations of water and lipid ranging from 35-94% and 63-6%, respectively were calculated from quantitative broadband near-infrared (NIR) absorption spectra (650-1000 nm). MR images of fat and water were separated using the three-point Dixon technique. DOS and MRI measured water and lipid were highly correlated (R2 = 0.98 and R2 = 0.99, respectively) suggesting that these techniques are complementary over a broad range of physiologically relevant water and lipid values. In addition, comparison of DOS derived concentrations to the MRI gold standard technique validates our quantitation approach and permits estimation of DOS accuracy and sensitivity in vivo.
Introduction (2008)

We define communication as information transfer between different points in space or time, where the term information is loosely employed to cover standard formats that we are all familiar with, such as voice, audio, video, data files, web pages, etc. Examples of communication between two points in space include a telephone conversation, accessing an Internet website from our home or office computer, or tuning in to a TV or radio station. Examples of communication between two points in time include accessing a storage device, such as a record, CD, DVD, or hard drive. In the preceding examples, the information transferred is directly available for human consumption. However, there are many other communication systems, which we do not directly experience, but which form a crucial part of the infrastructure that we rely upon in our daily lives. Examples include high-speed packet transfer between routers on the Internet, inter- and intra-chip communication in integrated circuits, the connections between computers and computer peripherals (such as keyboards and printers), and control signals in communication networks.
Organotypic specificity of key RET adaptor-docking sites in the pathogenesis of neurocristopathies and renal malformations in mice (2010)

The receptor tyrosine kinase ret protooncogene (RET) is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases and in several developmental defects, particularly those in neural crest-derived structures and the genitourinary system. In order to further elucidate RET-mediated mechanisms that contribute to these diseases and decipher the basis for specificity in the pleiotropic effects of RET, we characterized development of the enteric and autonomic nervous systems in mice expressing RET9 or RET51 isoforms harboring mutations in tyrosine residues that act as docking sites for the adaptors Plcgamma, Src, Shc, and Grb2. Using this approach, we found that development of the genitourinary system and the enteric and autonomic nervous systems is dependent on distinct RET-stimulated signaling pathways. Thus, mutation of RET51 at Y1062, a docking site for multiple adaptor proteins including Shc, caused distal colon aganglionosis reminiscent of Hirschsprung disease (HSCR). On the other hand, this mutation in RET9, which encodes an isoform that lacks the Grb2 docking site present in RET51, produced severe abnormalities in multiple organs. Mutations that abrogate RET-Plcgamma binding, previously shown to produce features reminiscent of congenital anomalies of kidneys or urinary tract (CAKUT) syndrome, produced only minor abnormalities in the nervous system. Abrogating RET51-Src binding produced no major defects in these systems. These studies provide insight into the basis of organotypic specificity and redundancy in RET signaling within these unique systems and in diseases such as HSCR and CAKUT.
A modular reactor design for in situ synchrotron x-ray investigation of atomic layer deposition processes (2015)

Synchrotron characterization techniques provide some of the most powerful tools for the study of film structure and chemistry. The brilliance and tunability of the Advanced Photon Source allow access to scattering and spectroscopic techniques unavailable with in-house laboratory setups and provide the opportunity to probe various atomic layer deposition (ALD) processes in situ starting at the very first deposition cycle. Here, we present the design and implementation of a portable ALD instrument which possesses a modular reactor scheme that enables simple experimental switchover between various beamlines and characterization techniques. As first examples, we present in situ results for (1) X-ray surface scattering and reflectivity measurements of epitaxial ZnO ALD on sapphire, (2) grazing-incidence small angle scattering of MnO nucleation on silicon, and (3) grazing-incidence X-ray absorption spectroscopy of nucleation-regime Er2O3 ALD on amorphous ALD alumina and single crystalline sapphire.
Silicon Photonics: The State of the Art (2008)

Silicon photonics is currently a very active and progressive area of research, as silicon optical circuits have emerged as the replacement technology for copper-based circuits in communication and broadband networks. The demand for ever improving communications and computing performance continues, and this in turn means that photonic circuits are finding ever increasing application areas. This text provides an important and timely overview of the hot topics in the field, covering the various aspects of the technology that form the research area of silicon photonics. With contributions from some of the worlds leading researchers in silicon photonics, this book collates the latest advances in the technology. Silicon Photonics: the State of the Art opens with a highly informative foreword, and continues to feature: the integrated photonic circuit; silicon photonic waveguides; photonic bandgap waveguides; mechanisms for optical modulation in silicon; silicon based light sources; optical detection technologies for silicon photonics; passive silicon photonic devices; photonic and electronic integration approaches; applications in communications and sensors. Silicon Photonics: the State of the Art covers the essential elements of the entire field that is silicon photonics and is therefore an invaluable text for photonics engineers and professionals working in the fields of optical networks, optical communications, and semiconductor electronics. It is also an informative reference for graduate students studying for PhD in fibre optics, integrated optics, optical networking, microelectronics, or telecommunications.
<title>Converting MEMS technology into profits</title> (1998)

This paper discusses issues related to transitioning a company from the advanced technology development phase (with a particular focus on MEMS) to a profitable business, with emphasis on start-up companies. It includes several case studies from (primarily) NovaSensor MEMS development history. These case studies illustrate strategic problems with which advanced MEMS technology developers have to be concerned. Conclusions from these case studies could be used as checkpoints for future MEMS developers to increase probability of profitable operations. The objective for this paper is to share the author's experience from multiple MEMS start-ups to accelerate development of the MEMS market by focusing state- of-the-art technologists on marketing issues.
Axial electrodynamic suspension for a vertical axis rotor: modeling and experimental validation (2011)

Eddy current effects are the base of electrodynamic bearings principle. They arise when a conductor moves in a magnetic field. As they are passive by nature, no additional instrumentation such as sensor or power electronics are needed, and this implies several advantages such as the reduced complexity, improved reliability and smaller size and cost. Electrodynamic bearings have also drawbacks such as the difficulty in ensuring a stable levitation in a wide speed range, therefore the bearing design must be based on a dynamic analysis to investigate the stability issue. A prediction of the dynamic performance of rotating systems equipped with axial/radial electrodynamic bearings needs a model able to describe the dynamic behavior. The present paper is devoted to describe and validate experimentally the quasi static and the dynamic model of axial electrodynamic bearings
A Multigene Assay Is Prognostic of Survival in Patients with Early-Stage Lung Adenocarcinoma (2008)

This multigene assay predicts overall and disease-free survival significantly better than clinical stage and tumor size in patients with early stage lung adenocarcinoma and performs especially well in patients with stage I disease. Prospective clinical trials are needed to determine whether high-risk patients with stage I disease benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.
(S)‐N‐(9‐Phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)Alanine and (S)‐Dimethyl N‐(9‐Phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)Aspartate (2003)

Abstract (S)‐N‐(9‐phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)alanine and (S)‐dimethyl N‐(9‐phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)aspartate product: (S)‐N‐(9‐Phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)alanine (2) reactant: L‐alanine (1, 13.5 g, 150 mmol,) product: (S)‐Dimethyl N‐(9‐phenylfluoren‐9‐yl)aspartate (4) byproduct: 9‐methoxy‐9‐phenylfluorene (5.30 g, 19.5 mmol,) byproduct: 9‐phenyl‐9‐fluorenol (2.00 g, 7.7 mmol,) reactant: (S)‐Dimethyl aspartate hydrochloride
Long-Term Outcomes of Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Surface Replacement Arthroplasty (2012)

Proximal interphalangeal surface replacement arthroplasty is a reliable treatment alternative for pain and deformity due to proximal interphalangeal joint osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. At the time of long-term follow-up, pain was minimal and joint motion was similar to preoperative levels.
Platelet factor 4 (CXCL4/PF4) upregulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in gingival fibroblasts (2022)

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the release of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) from resident connective tissue cells in tooth-supporting tissues (periodontium). Platelet activation, and the attendant release of pro-inflammatory chemokines such as platelet factor 4 (CXCL4/PF4), are associated with periodontitis although the associated biochemical pathways remain undefined. Here we report that recombinant PF4 is internalized by cultured human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs), resulting in significant (p < 0.05) upregulation in both the production and release of MMP-2 (gelatinase A). This finding was corroborated by elevated circulating levels of MMP-2 (p < 0.05) in PF4-overexpressing transgenic mice, relative to controls. We also determined that PF4 induces the phosphorylation of NF-κB; notably, the suppression of NF-κB signaling by the inhibitor BAY 11-7082 abrogated PF4-induced MMP-2 upregulation. Moreover, the inhibition of surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) blocked both PF4 binding and NF-κB phosphorylation. Partial blockade of PF4 binding to the cells was achieved by treatment with either chondroitinase ABC or heparinase III, suggesting that both chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate mediate PF4 signaling. These results identify a novel pathway in which PF4 upregulates MMP-2 release from fibroblasts in an NF-κB- and GAG-dependent manner, and further our comprehension of the role of platelet signaling in periodontal tissue homeostasis.
New Benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis([1,2,3]thiadiazole) (iso-BBT)-Based Polymers for Application in Transistors and Solar Cells (2019)

In this paper we report the rationale and implementation of a new building block for organic electronics based on 4,8-di(2-thienyl)-benzo[1,2-d:4,5-d′]bis([1,2,3]thiadiazole) (iso-BBT-T2) and realization of two alkyl-functionalized iso-BBT-tetrathiophene (T4) alternating copolymers (P1 with alkyl = 2DT and P2 with alkyl = 2DH). Compared to the previously investigated small molecules/polymers based on the conventional 4,8-di(2-thienyl)-benzo[l,2-c:4,5-c′]bis[ l,2,5]thiadiazole (BBT-T2), the use of the iso-BBT heterocycle widens the polymer band gap to a region (∼1.4 eV) compatible for use in single junction solar cells. The influence of iso-BBT vs BBT structural variation on the molecular structure, electronic characteristics, and optical properties was accessed by DFT computations, single-crystal determination, optical absorption, and electrochemical measurements. In-plane charge transport for P1 and P2 was investigated in an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) structure demonstrating hole mobilities approaching 1 cm2 V–1 s–1 and further enhanced by off-center spin-coating method to 1.32 cm2 V–1 s–1. Using PC61BM as acceptor, a remarkable PCE of 10.28% was achieved for P1 along with a current density > 20 mA/cm2. The substantial PCEs of these devices, despite the relatively narrow donor energy gap, is due to retention of high open circuit voltages ( Voc > 0.8 V) as the result of the small energy loss (Eloss < 0.6 eV). Atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction characterization further support the solar cell trends and rationalize structure–property correlations. These results demonstrate that iso-BBT-T2-based polymers are promising candidates for both organic electronics and photonic applications.
A design of a low-delay DPWM control circuit for DC-DC converter (2007)

A proposed design of a low-cost digital pulse width modulation (DPWM)control circuit for non-isolated DC-DC converter without A/D converter is described.Also, propsed real-time PID control technique for DPWM is described.Some experimental results and simulation results are revealed the proposed circuit and scheme.The purpose of this research is striking a balance between minimizing cost increase by digitalizing of the control circuit of DC-DC converter and speeding up the control circuit.
Surgical Technique: Porous Tantalum Reconstruction for Destructive Nonprimary Periacetabular Tumors (2011)

Level IV, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.