gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P0-9 A Lateral Field Excited Acoustic Wave Sensor for the Detection of Saxitoxin in Water (2007)

In the United States, approximately 20% of all foodborne disease outbreaks result from the consumption of seafood products. Specifically, the disease Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) is caused by consuming molluscan shellfish contaminated with a suite of neurotoxins the most potent of which is saxitoxin (STX). The current method for detecting STX is the mouse bioassay in which a mouse is exposed to a shellfish sample and the time required for the mouse to perish is noted. The length of time required for the mouse to die is used to estimate the level of STX in the original sample. Since this technique is a time consuming and costly laboratory-based procedure, a rapid in situ sensor is needed to detect STX levels in shellfish and in sea water so timely closures of shellfish grounds can be made to protect public health. In this work, a novel Lateral Field Excited (LFE) acoustic wave sensor, which has been successfully used for chemical and biological sensing, is employed to detect STX in water, proving itself as a feasible alternative to the mouse bioassay in STX detection.
Simulation of metal–organic framework self-assembly (2015)

Spontaneous growth of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) composed of metal ions and 4,4'-bipyridine ligands was successfully demonstrated by molecular dynamics simulations, starting from a random initial placement of the metals and the ligands. The effect of the metal-ligand binding strength upon the MOF self-assembly was investigated. We found that the metal-ligand binding strength should be within a window around the optimum values for the regular MOF growth.
Isolation and Characterization of Pluripotent Human Spermatogonial Stem Cell-Derived Cells (2008)

Abstract Several reports have documented the derivation of pluripotent cells (multipotent germline stem cells) from spermatogonial stem cells obtained from the adult mouse testis. These spermatogonia-derived stem cells express embryonic stem cell markers and differentiate to the three primary germ layers, as well as the germline. Data indicate that derivation may involve reprogramming of endogenous spermatogonia in culture. Here, we report the derivation of human multipotent germline stem cells (hMGSCs) from a testis biopsy. The cells express distinct markers of pluripotency, form embryoid bodies that contain derivatives of all three germ layers, maintain a normal XY karyotype, are hypomethylated at the H19 locus, and express high levels of telomerase. Teratoma assays indicate the presence of human cells 8 weeks post-transplantation but limited teratoma formation. Thus, these data suggest the potential to derive pluripotent cells from human testis biopsies but indicate a need for novel strategies to optimize hMGSC culture conditions and reprogramming.
Recent developments in oil filter test methods (1992)

Standardized filter test methods facilitate comparisons of different filter products. The multipass filter test is the basis for many oil filter test standards and its reproducibility has been continually improved through better specification of the test conditions and improvements in particle counting methods. Particle counting is a major source of interlaboratory variability. In response, ANSI/(NFPA)T2.9.6R1-1990, a particle counter calibration method utilizing latex spheres suspended in oil, was recently adopted by the USA. The new method provides traceability to internationally accepted definitions of the metre unobtainable by the old method of AC fine test dust calibration. However, the new method is sensitive to subtle instrumental differences. A hybrid method is needed to improve agreement between laboratories and instruments. Other ways of improving reproducibility and communicating test results are also discussed.
Evidencias en la variabilidad pluvio y fluviométrica en contexto de sequias. El caso de la cuenca del río Maule, Chile entre los años 2000-2019 (2021)

El Cambio Climático y la gestión del recurso hídrico son elementos que impactan en la disponibilidad de agua en una amplia gama de territorios. En este trabajo se analiza el comportamiento de la variabilidad pluviométrica y fluviométrica en la cuenca del ríoMaule, Chile una de las principales y de mayor envergadura a nivel nacional con un área correspondiente a 20.300 km2, y en donde predomina la actividad silvoagropecuaria. Se realizó un análisis clúster basado en los datos disponibles para las precipitaciones (periodo 2000-2019) y caudales (periodo 2003-2019) cuyo vínculo entre este último y el primero se asocia a la magnitud de la escorrentía. El comportamiento de estos muestra una tendencia a la disminución, presumiblemente producto de la mega sequía y variaciones en el comportamiento climático de meso escala. El análisis de datos permite suponer una relación entre el comportamiento pluviométrico y la disminución del caudal medio de canales y ríos, acarreando consecuencias negativas a las actividades socioeconómicas vinculadas al uso del agua y demandando nuevas formas de gestión hídrica en los territorios.
Scalable Packaging Platform Supporting High-Performance 3D Chip Stacks (2017)

ABSTRACT The performance and power efficiency of high-end servers benefit from dense system integration. Accordingly, we introduce a scalable packaging platform supporting high-performance chip stacks, as a continuation in server-system density scaling. Nanoparticle-based thermal and electrical interconnects to mitigate losses across interfaces within the chip stack are discussed. Percolating thermal underfills with nanoparticle necks result from sequential processing. All-copper inter-connects can be formed by a dip-transfer process, without applying pressure and at temperatures of 200°C. Improved heat removal can be achieved by the dual-side liquid cooling topology. The implementation of a back-side silicon cold plate and a front-side silicon interposer with fluid channels results in a maximal thermal gradient of 50 K at an aggregate chip stack power dissipation of 700 W and a pressure drop of 30kPa. Granular integrated voltage regulators with a conversion ratio of up to 2:1 can be applied to mitigate current densities and to allow dynamic voltage and frequency scaling for each core on the CPU at a conversion efficiency of 90.1%. High-bandwidth and the disaggregation of system memory can be achieved by the integration of silicon-photonic transceivers into the chip stack. Efficient mode-conversion and optical coupling were demonstrated by adiabatic and butt coupling between silicon and polymer waveguides and the polymer waveguides and the fiber ribbons.
Behavioral Modelling and Optimization of a Cyclic Feedback-Based Successive Approximation TDC with Dynamic Delay Equalization (2019)

This paper investigates the performance of cyclic feedback-based Successive Approximation Time-to-Digital Converter (SA - TDC) with dynamic delay equalization aimed to improve its conversion speed. The converter architecture is studied through numerical and behavioral modelling simulations presenting relevant implementation details and the impact of circuit non-idealities such as devices mismatch and noise. A comprehensive investigation of the dynamic delay equalization technique provides useful insights on the nominal achievable performance (i.e. effective time resolution), as well as circuit implementation guidelines. Furthermore, two novel alternative SA TDC topologies are proposed, targeting superior power efficiency with negligible hardware overhead.
Synthesis of C8‐Linked Pyrrolo[2,1‐c][1,4]benzodiazepine‐Acridone/Acridine Hybrids as Potential DNA‐Binding Agents. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Figure S3 from High Detection Rates of Pancreatic Cancer Across Stages by Plasma Assay of Novel Methylated DNA Markers and CA19-9 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3 shows the distributions in plasma from controls and PDAC patients by stage of disease and standardized copy numbers of all MDMs other than HOXA1 and PRKCB.&lt;/p&gt;
A 187.5&#x00B5;Vrms-read-noise 51mW 1.4Mpixel CMOS image sensor with PMOSCAP column CDS and 10b self-differential offset-cancelled pipeline SAR-ADC (2013)

Low-power and small-area implementations are essential in the mobile-phone market. Serial signal-processing architectures, in which signal-processing circuits such as a programmable-gain amplifier (PGA) and an ADC can be shared by column-level correlated double sampling (CDS) circuits, promise to reduce chip size and power consumption. However, conventional column CDS circuits composed of linear capacitors or NMOS capacitors (NMOSCAPs) with output buffers (OBUFs) still occupy a large footprint. In this work, to reduce the area and the power consumption of column CDS circuits while keeping high linearity, 1.5V PMOS capacitors (PMOSCAPs) are employed. These capacitors work as low-cost sample-and-hold (S/H) capacitors as well as voltage level-shifters by using body-terminal control. To reduce the power consumption of the ADC, instead of a conventional pipeline ADC, we propose a 10b self-differential offset-cancelled pipeline SAR-ADC. It operates with the reference voltage of the ADC's half full-scale voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fs</sub> ), leading to a reduction of 80% switching power and 50% capacitor DAC (CDAC) area in the ADC. A black-level correction function is built in the ADC without any additional DACs. The proof-of-concept circuits are implemented in a 1.4Mpixel CMOS image sensor that consumes 51.0mW with a frame rate of 17fps and a read noise of 187.5μV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> at 8.1× analog gain.
Transcriptional and cytopathological hallmarks of FSHD in chronic DUX4-expressing mice (2020)

Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD) is caused by loss of repression of the DUX4 gene; however, the DUX4 protein is rare and difficult to detect in human muscle biopsies, and pathological mechanisms are obscure. FSHD is also a chronic disease that progresses slowly over decades. We used the sporadic, low-level, muscle-specific expression of DUX4 enabled by the iDUX4pA-HSA mouse to develop a chronic long-term muscle disease model. After 6 months of extremely low sporadic DUX4 expression, dystrophic muscle presented hallmarks of FSHD histopathology, including muscle degeneration, capillary loss, fibrosis, and atrophy. We investigated the transcriptional profile of whole muscle as well as endothelial cells and fibroadiopogenic progenitors (FAPs). Strikingly, differential gene expression profiles of both whole muscle and, to a lesser extent, FAPs, showed significant overlap with transcriptional profiles of MRI-guided human FSHD muscle biopsies. These results demonstrate a pathophysiological similarity between disease in muscles of iDUX4pA-HSA mice and humans with FSHD, solidifying the value of chronic rare DUX4 expression in mice for modeling pathological mechanisms in FSHD and highlighting the importance FAPs in this disease.
14‐2: Invited Paper: OLED Display Incorporating an Organic Image Sensor (2020)

We fabricated a prototype display that incorporates an organic image sensor in the same pixel as OLEDs through side‐by‐side patterning. The display enables fingerprint image capturing and scanning at any location on the entire display region. We fabricated a flexible OLED display with the aforementioned structure.
Weld formation mechanism during friction stir spot welding of 6061 Al (2009)

Friction stir spot welding (FSSW), developed based on principle of friction stir welding, has been paid attention as a new solid-state spot welding process. Since FSSW can produce high-quality weld in Al alloys more easily than resistance spot welding, this process has been already used for construction of Al components in the automotive industries. Despite the large industrial interests in FSSW, fundamental knowledge on welding phenomena of this process has not been fully understood. In this study, FSSW phenomena, such as the consolidation mechanism, the microstructural evolution and the material flow, were examined in Al alloy 6061. This study clarified that the elliptical zone found in the vicinity of the pin hole on the cross section was characterized by the initially lapped surface of two sheets. Moreover, the following material flow was proposed; capture of the upper material with the threads on the pin surface, spiral flow along the tool rotation, and then release at the tip of the pin.
11 Second hand tobacco smoke exposure and changes in heart rate variability among construction workers (2013)

<h3>Objective</h3> Although it has been well defined that long-term exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is associated with cardiovascular mortality, the acute cardiovascular effects of SHS exposure are still being explored. The aim of this study was to examine cardiovascular autonomic response, as measured by heart rate variability (HRV), to short-term SHS exposure among boilermaker construction workers. <h3>Methods</h3> Boilermakers were recruited from a local apprentice hall where they were monitored while exposed to SHS for approximately 6 hours. A repeated measures study design was used where resting 5-lead ECGs were taken from individuals before SHS exposure (baseline), following SHS exposure (post) and the morning following SHS exposure (next-morning). The ECG recording was analysed in time (SDNN, rMSSD) and frequency (LF, HF) domain parameters in 5-minute averages. Personal SHS exposure was monitored through SidepakTM Aerosol Monitor and quantified by fine particulate matter (PM2.5). Separate linear mixed-effects regression models were used to compare post- or next-morning after controlling for baseline. Exposure-response relationships with PM2.5 were examined. <h3>Results</h3> 52 male boilermakers, including 30 non-smokers, were monitored between June 2010 and June 2012. The mean SHS exposure was 167 ug/m<sup>3</sup>. After SHS exposure post 5-minute SDNN, rMSSD, LF and HF were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower than before SHS exposure. We observed significant (p &lt; 0.05) differences in SDNN, rMSSD, LF and HF between smoker and non-smokers. However, this effect had no linear dose-response relationship with PM2.5. The next morning SDNN, rMSSD, LF and HF were also significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower than the baseline, but no linear dose-response with PM2.5 was observed. <h3>Conclusion</h3> We observed a change in HRV both immediately and the next morning following SHS exposure. However, results indicated that there was no linear dose-response relationship between PM2.5 and HRV. It is unclear whether SHS-derived PM2.5 or other factors contributed to the altered cardiovascular autonomic response.
Central nervous system diseases : innovative animal models from lab to clinic (2000)

In Central Nervous System Diseases: Innovative Animal Models from Lab to Clinic, prominent experimentalists critically review the animal models widely used in developing powerful new therapies for central nervous system diseases, as well as their advantages and limitations. Coverage includes novel uses of animal models of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases, and studies of aging. Techniques that rely heavily on behavioral analyses, as well as models developed from infusions of neurotoxins and from advances in molecular biology are thoroughly explicated, as are models developed for more acute neurological conditions, including traumatic brain injury and stroke. Comprehensive and authoritative, Central Nervous System Diseases: Innovative Animal Models from Lab to Clinic offers neuroscientists, pharmacologists, and interested clinicians a unique survey of the most productive animal models of the leading neurological diseases currently employed to develop today's innovative drug therapies
Initiator and recruited T lymphocytes are distinct subclasses of T lymphocytes (1978)

Abstract In previous studies we found that the generation of a cell‐mediated immune reaction required interaction between sensitized initiator T lymphocytes (ITL) and syngeneic recruited T lymphocytes (RTL). ITL were sensitized in vitro against allogeneic mouse fibroblasts and injected into a footpad of syngeneic recipient mice. ITL were observed to migrate from the connective tissues of the footpad to the draining popliteal lymph node (PLN). Sensitized ITL recruited RTL from the blood circulation into the PLN. This recruitment led to the generation of immunospecific effector and memory lymphocytes. In the present study we investigated the cellular characteristics of ITL and RTL. We found that both ITL and RTL were positive for Thy‐1 antigen, and were absent from B mice. However, ITL and RTL differed in their response to various treatments. ITL were sensitive to adult thymectomy and resistant to antithymocyte serum (ATS). RTL were resistant to adult thymectomy and sensitive to ATS. Sensitized ITL were adherent to nylon wool or histamine‐rabbit serum albumin‐Sepharose, while RTL were not retained on such columns. ITL and RTL also differed in their relative distributions in various lymphoid organs and migratory pathways. The thymus demonstrated ITL but not RTL activity. In contrast, lymph node lymphocytes were a rich source of RTL, but had no detectable ITL activity. Both ITL and RTL could be demonstrated in the spleen. Thus, ITL and RTL functions are mediated by distinct subclasses of T lymphocytes which reside in particular compartments of the immune system.
Fast cell search algorithm in DS-CDMA mobile radio using long spreading codes (2002)

In DS-CDMA cellular mobile radio systems, asynchronous cell site operation, assigning different long spreading codes to each cell yields the advantage of flexible system deployment from outdoors to indoors. However, in general, much longer cell search time is required in asynchronous cell site operation than in synchronous operation. This paper proposes a fast cell search algorithm based on the periodic masking of long spreading codes. The control channel (CCH) is spread by a combination of cell site-unique long code and a short code common to all cell sites (this short code is called CSC here). The mobile station (MS) exploits the fact that the CSC periodically appears in the signals transmitted from all cell sites and can detect the long code timing (or more precisely, masking timing) by using a matched filter. To avoid searching all long codes used in the system, each cell transmits a long code group identification code (GIC) together with the CSC. This greatly reduces the cell search time. Simulation results demonstrate that cell search can be accomplished in less than about 500 ms at 90% of the locations when the number of long spreading codes (having a repetition period of 10 ms) used in the system is 512 and the number of GICs is 16.
SURGICAL OUTCOMES AFTER INVERTED INTERNAL LIMITING MEMBRANE FLAP VERSUS CONVENTIONAL PEELING FOR VERY LARGE MACULAR HOLES (2018)

In this multicenter series, inverted ILM flap technique did not lead to significantly higher anatomical closure rates than conventional ILM peeling in large macular holes more than 800 μm in diameter.
DESIGN AND EVALUATION OF THE TL-4 MINNESOTA COMBINATION TRAFFIC/BICYCLE BRIDGE RAIL (1998)

A combination traffic and bicycle bridge rail was developed and crash tested. The combination bridge rail was constructed with a standard New Jersey safety shaped barrier and special steel panels formed from tubular steel posts and rails, and square vertical spindle bars. Two cables were installed inside the tubular rails to prevent detachment of large pieces of debris from causing hazardous conditions for vehicles and pedestrians below. Although the crash tested bridge rail was constructed using the New Jersey safety shape, it is believed that this combination traffic/bicycle bridge rail could be easily adapted to other safety shape barriers or rectangular parapets with no need for further crash testing. Due to the modular nature of the steel panel sections, the combination traffic/bicycle bridge rail can be repaired very easily following a vehicular impact. Two full-scale vehicle crash tests were performed on Minnesota's combination traffic/bicycle bridge railing. The tests were conducted and reported in accordance with the requirements specified in NCHRP Report No. 350, Recommended Procedures for the Safety Performance Evaluation of Highway Features (1993). The safety performance of the combination traffic/bicycle bridge rail was determined to be acceptable according to Test Level 4 of the NCHRP Report No. 350 criteria.
AChBP-targeted α-conotoxin correlates distinct binding orientations with nAChR subtype selectivity (2007)

Neuronal nAChRs are a diverse family of pentameric ion channels with wide distribution throughout cells of the nervous and immune systems. However, the role of specific subtypes in normal and pathological states remains poorly understood due to the lack of selective probes. Here, we used a binding assay based on acetylcholine-binding protein (AChBP), a homolog of the nicotinic acetylcholine ligand-binding domain, to discover a novel alpha-conotoxin (alpha-TxIA) in the venom of Conus textile. Alpha-TxIA bound with high affinity to AChBPs from different species and selectively targeted the alpha(3)beta(2) nAChR subtype. A co-crystal structure of Ac-AChBP with the enhanced potency analog TxIA(A10L), revealed a 20 degrees backbone tilt compared to other AChBP-conotoxin complexes. This reorientation was coordinated by a key salt bridge formed between Arg5 (TxIA) and Asp195 (Ac-AChBP). Mutagenesis studies, biochemical assays and electrophysiological recordings directly correlated the interactions observed in the co-crystal structure to binding affinity at AChBP and different nAChR subtypes. Together, these results establish a new pharmacophore for the design of novel subtype-selective ligands with therapeutic potential in nAChR-related diseases.
The δ Subunit of Type 6 Phosphodiesterase Reduces Light-induced cGMP Hydrolysis in Rod Outer Segments (2001)

The delta subunit of the rod photoreceptor PDE has previously been shown to copurify with the soluble form of the enzyme and to solubilize the membrane-bound form (). To determine the physiological effect of the delta subunit on the light response of bovine rod outer segments, we measured the real time accumulation of the products of cGMP hydrolysis in a preparation of permeablized rod outer segments. The addition of delta subunit GST fusion protein (delta-GST) to this preparation caused a reduction in the maximal rate of cGMP hydrolysis in response to light. The maximal reduction of the light response was about 80%, and the half-maximal effect occurred at 385 nm delta subunit. Several experiments suggest that this effect was not due to the effects of delta-GST on transducin or rhodopsin kinase. Immunoblots demonstrated that exogenous delta-GST solubilized the majority of the PDE in ROS but did not affect the solubility of transducin. Therefore, changes in the solubility of transducin cannot account for the effects of delta-GST in the pH assay. The reduction in cGMP hydrolysis was independent of ATP, which indicates that it was not due to effects of delta-GST on rhodopsin kinase. In addition to the effect on cGMP hydrolysis, the delta-GST fusion protein slowed the turn-off of the system. This is probably due, at least in part, to an observed reduction in the GTPase rate of transducin in the presence of delta-GST. These results demonstrate that delta-GST can modify the activity of the phototransduction cascade in preparations of broken rod outer segments, probably due to a functional uncoupling of the transducin to PDE step of the signal transduction cascade and suggest that the delta subunit may play a similar role in the intact outer segment.