gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental data on the production and characterization of biochars derived from coconut-shell wastes obtained from the Colombian Pacific Coast at low temperature pyrolysis (2019)

Biochars are emerging eco-friendly products showing outstanding properties in areas such as carbon sequestration, soil amendment, bioremediation, biocomposites, and bioenergy. These interesting materials can be synthesized from a wide variety of waste-derived sources, including lignocellulosic biomass wastes, manure and sewage sludge. In this work, abundant data on biochars produced from coconut-shell wastes obtained from the Colombian Pacific Coast are presented. Biochar synthesis was performed varying the temperature (in the range: 280 °C-420 °C) and O<sub>2</sub> feeding (in the range: 0-5% v/v) in the pyrolysis reaction. Production yields and some biochar properties such as particle size, Zeta Potential, elemental content (C, N, Al, B, Ca, Cu, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Ti, Zn), BET surface area, FT-IR spectrum, XRD spectrum, and SEM morphology are presented. This data set is a comprehensive resource to gain a further understanding of biochars, and is a valuable tool for addressing the strategic exploitation of the multiple benefits they have.
On-Road Evaluation of an Automobile Emission Test Program (1997)

In January 1995, the State of Colorado superseded an annual decentralized idle test program with an EPA recom mended biennial centralized IM240 test program in the six-county metro Denver area. Odd model year 1982−1994 vehicles and any vehicles that entered the counties or changed ownership required testing in 1995. Even model year vehicles were to be tested in 1996. Five days of on-road remote sensing exhaust measurements in winter 1995−1996 provided 26 255 identified, unique, gasoline-fueled vehicle emission measurements to independently evaluate the marginal benefit of the 1-year-old inspection and maintenance program. Eligible, untested even model years form the control group to compare to tested odd model years. Benefits were significant for CO (between 4% ± 2% and 7% ± 2%). Benefits for HC and NO were not detectable. Error bars are obtained using each day as an independent analysis. An effect not observable by other methods shows odd model year cars outside the program jurisdiction with significantly higher average CO emissions than their even model year peers, possibly indicating out migration of registration for failing odd model year vehicles, thus avoiding the new emission test.
Evaluation of pharmacodynamic effects of cholesterol 24-hydroxylase inhibitor TAK-935 and its target engagement in animals (P5.263) (2018)

To characterize the pharmacodynamic effects of a cholesterol 24-hydroxylase (CH24H) inhibitor TAK-935 and demonstrate target engagement in rodents and primates.
Comparative study of scintillation and dosimetric properties between Tm-doped CaF2translucent ceramic and single crystal (2018)

We fabricated a Tm-doped CaF2 translucent ceramic by spark plasma sintering (SPS), and evaluated its photoluminescence (PL), scintillation, and dosimetric properties compared with those of a single crystal. Both the samples exhibited emission peaks originating from the 4f–4f transitions of Tm3+ under visible-light and X-ray irradiation. The intensities of PL and scintillation for the single crystal were higher than those for the translucent ceramic. Regarding thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL), both the samples showed main glow peaks at approximately 145 and 265 °C. The Tm-doped translucent ceramic exhibited a higher TSL sensitivity than did the single crystal and showed a linear response against X-ray dose over the dose range from 0.01 to 1000 mGy.
Role of Hydroxyprolines in the in Vitro Oxidative Folding and Biological Activity of Conotoxins (2008)

Hydroxylation of proline residue occurs in specific peptides and proteins derived from plants and animals, but the functional role of this modification has been characterized primarily in collagen. Marine cone snails produce disulfide-rich peptides that have undergone a plethora of posttranslational modifications, including proline hydroxylation. Although Conus snails extensively utilize proline hydroxylation, the consequences of this modification remain largely unexplored. In this work, we investigated the function of 4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) in conotoxins from three distinct gene families: mu-, omega-, and alpha-conotoxins. Analogues of mu-GIIIA, omega-MVIIC, alpha-GI, and alpha-ImI were synthesized with either Pro or Hyp, and their in vitro oxidative folding and biological activity were characterized. For GIIIA, which naturally contains three Hyp residues, the modifications improved the ability to block NaV1.4 sodium channels but did not affect folding. In contrast, the presence of Hyp in MVIIC had a significant impact on the oxidative folding but not on the biological activity. The folding yields for the MVIIC[Pro7Hyp] analogue were approximately 2-fold higher than for MVIIC under a variety of optimized oxidation conditions. For alpha-conotoxins ImI and GI, the hydroxylation of the conserved Pro residue improved their folding but impaired their activities against target receptors. Since prolyl-4-hydroxylase and protein disulfide isomerase coexist as a heterotetramer in the ER, we discuss the effects of Hyp on the folding of conotoxins in the context of cis-trans isomerization of Pro and Hyp. Taken together, our data suggest that proline hydroxylation is important for both in vitro oxidative folding and the bioactivity of conotoxins.
Ignition Delay Times of Composite Solid Propellants Using Novel Nano-Additive Catalysts (2015)

Ignition delay time measurements on solid energetic materials lead to better fundamental understanding of the ignition process and provide benchmark data for improving models of the ignition process. Validation for such models is typically done by collecting ignition data over a wide range of propellant formulations. This study focused on the development of a setup to obtain ignition delay times of AP/HTPB-based composite solid propellants with and without aluminum and with and without various metal-oxide nanoparticle catalysts. A CO2 laser with a wavelength of 10.6 µm was utilized to achieve a quantifiable and reliable ignition event over a power range of 30 to 100 W. AP and HTPB propellants have been shown to have high absorption and low reflection at this 10.6-µm wavelength. Resulting from this study was the development of a method to measure the ignition delay time for ammonium perchlorate composite propellants (APCP) at elevated pressures between 3.5 and 15.5 MPa. A comparison of the laser power flux as it relates to the change in ignition delay time was found to match available literature values at similar conditions. Additional studies to examine the effects of in-situ titania nanoparticles on the ignition delay times demonstrated that the nano-additives only appeared to alter the ignition behavior of the aluminized APCP. When iron-oxide was added, the ignition delay time was reduced at lower pressures. Additives which aid in the low-temperature decomposition of AP are believed to impact the ignition delay times the most.
Enzyme Immunoassay for On-line Sensing of Milk Progesterone (1996)

Reproductive management is a major financial concern for the dairy industry, with inefficient estrus detection as the foremost cause of lost income. The most accurate predictors of estrus are baseline patterns of reproductive hormones such as progesterone. To quantify progesterone concentration, blood samples are assayed in vitro using enzyme immunoassays (EIA). These assays generally require several hours to perform. Progesterone concentrations in milk are similar to those in blood plasma and, thus, provide a convenient means for on-line estrus detection. We have modified a standard progesterone EIA for use with a biosensor to measure hormone concentrations each time a cow is milked. The kinetics of the antibody-antigen reaction were studied. We have shown that a total assay time of 4 min (2-min antibody-antigen binding, 2-min substrate development) is sufficient for monitoring progesterone concentrations. Further work is needed to improve the sensitivity of the measurement protocol.
Improvements in CdZnTe detection system for combined X-ray CT and SPECT (2002)

Combined emission-transmission imaging systems that perform both X-ray CT and SPECT have the potential to correlate anatomical and physical data, and to improve the accuracy of in vivo radiopharmaceutical quantitation. A detection system suitable for the combined CT/SPECT system must achieve both excellent energy resolution at low count rates for radionuclide imaging and must be compatible with the high flux rates and wide dynamic range encountered in X-ray imaging. We therefore are investigating the use of a pixellated CdZnTe for CT/SPECT imaging. Alternative electrode geometries of CdZnTe detectors for SPECT have been investigated with numerical simulation.
The 'light touch': a dermatology handpiece designed to improve the efficacy and safety of laser treatment of port-wine stains (1987)

Limitations of laser treatment of port-wine stains include failure to produce a satisfactory cosmetic result, scarring and short-term blistering in a high proportion of cases. The cosmetic results and the side effects of the treatment are dependent upon the temperatures generated within the different layers of the skin. By increasing the irradiance of the laser light at the depth of the port-wine capillaries whilst decreasing the irradiance elsewhere, the efficacy of laser therapy should be increased and the incidence and severity of scarring should be reduced. Furthermore, the efficacy of laser therapy should be less dependent upon selective absorption of light by the blood-filled capillaries.
Surface-Anchored Hindered-Amine Light Stabilizers for Improved UV Stability of Polyolefins (1996)

Abstract Hindered-amine light stabilizers (HALS) were surface anchored to polyolefin films by reacting the HALS, namely, 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidinol and 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, with succinic anhydride functionalized polyolefin surfaces. The photostability of polyolefin films with surface-anchored HALS were compared with films stabilized with commercial HALS (Tinuvin 770) by melt blending. It is shown that the photostabilizing efficiency of surface-anchored HALS is superior that of melt-blended polyolefins.
Passive Acoustic Mapping for ultrasound therapy monitoring (2021)

Abstract Passive Acoustic Mapping (PAM) is an ultrasoundbased imaging method developed for monitoring therapeutic ultrasound. By using diagnostic transducers to passively record the acoustic signals that are emitted by cavitation bubbles, the origin of the bubbles can be reconstructed and displayed as intensity maps. In this study, two matrix arrays with different aperture sizes were used for the volumetric reconstruction of simulated and experimental data. In a second step, the number of elements being used for the reconstruction was reduced by more than the factor of eight in order to assess the influence on the imaging quality. In the numerical part of the study, the image quality was greatly improved by increasing the aperture size, while a high number of elements used for the reconstruction merely offers minor improvements. The experimentally obtained results were able to confirm the numerical findings regarding the achievable reconstruction quality.
The Saccharomyces retrotransposon Ty5 influences the organization of chromosome ends (1996)

Retrotransposons are ubiquitous components of eukaryotic genomes suggesting that they have played a significant role in genome organization. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, eight of 10 endogenous insertions of the Ty5 retrotransposon family are located within 15 kb of chromosome ends, and two are located near the subtelomeric HMR locus. This genomic organization is the consequence of targeted transposition, as 14 of 15 newly transposed Ty5 elements map to telomeric regions on 10 different chromosomes. Nine of these insertions are within 0.8 kb and three are within 1.5 kb of the autonomously replicating consensus sequence in the subtelomeric X repeat. This suggests that the X repeat plays an important role in directing Ty5 integration. Analysis of endogenous insertions from S.cerevisiae and its close relative S.paradoxus revealed that only one of 12 insertions has target site duplications, indicating that recombination occurs between elements. This is further supported by the observation that Ty5 insertions mark boundaries of sequence duplications and rearrangements in these species. These data suggest that transposable elements like Ty5 can shape the organization of chromosome ends through both transposition and recombination.
Discovery of a Potent Free Fatty Acid 1 Receptor Agonist with Low Lipophilicity, Low Polar Surface Area, and Robust in Vivo Efficacy (2016)

The free fatty acid receptor 1 (FFA1 or GPR40) is established as an interesting potential target for treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, to obtain optimal ligands, it may be necessary to limit both lipophilicity and polar surface area, translating to a need for small compounds. We here describe the identification of 24, a potent FFA1 agonist with low lipophilicity and very high ligand efficiency that exhibit robust glucose lowering effect.
Infectious Virion Capture by HIV-1 gp120-Specific IgG from RV144 Vaccinees (2013)

The detailed examination of the antibody repertoire from RV144 provides a unique template for understanding potentially protective antibody functions. Some potential immune correlates of protection were untested in the correlates analyses due to inherent assay limitations, as well as the need to keep the correlates analysis focused on a limited number of endpoints to achieve statistical power. In an RV144 pilot study, we determined that RV144 vaccination elicited antibodies that could bind infectious virions (including the vaccine strains HIV-1 CM244 and HIV-1 MN and an HIV-1 strain expressing transmitted/founder Env, B.WITO.c). Among vaccinees with the highest IgG binding antibody profile, the majority (78%) captured the infectious vaccine strain virus (CM244), while a smaller proportion of vaccinees (26%) captured HIV-1 transmitted/founder Env virus. We demonstrated that vaccine-elicited HIV-1 gp120 antibodies of multiple specificities (V3, V2, conformational C1, and gp120 conformational) mediated capture of infectious virions. Although capture of infectious HIV-1 correlated with other humoral immune responses, the extent of variation between these humoral responses and virion capture indicates that virion capture antibodies occupy unique immunological space.
Air-filled cavity-backed 28 GHz Antenna array implemented by 2.5D PCB process and Network Analysis (2022)

A 28 GHz air-filled cavity-backed microstrip antenna array, which is embedded in a polyphenyl ethers (PPE)-based multilayer printed circuit board (PCB), is presented. The air cavity is implemented by a novel 2.5D PCB process with a no-flow prepreg, to improve radiation efficiency, bandwidth, and directivity while maintaining a low profile. A four-element antenna array was designed, simulated, and measured. The measurement results yield a bandwidth of 3.8% centered at 28.5 GHz and a realized gain of 14.8 dBi with the antenna substrate thickness of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.035\lambda_{0}$</tex> and the separation of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$0.8\lambda_{0}$</tex> between elements. Network analysis for a single patch section of the designed antenna with transmission line (TL) models is discussed as well. The comparison between the analyzed, simulated, and measured input impedance shows a good agreement over the given frequency band.
An esthetic concern leads the way to improved oral health. (2013)

In order to make appropriate treatment decisions, clinicians must consider a patient's needs in total. As such, a systematic risk assessment is essential for developing a treatment plan that will both satisfy the patient's esthetic concerns and lower his or her risk for future problems. In this case, the patient's immediate concern was his smile, but he was unaware of the need for additional treatment, which included addressing occlusal dysfunction, extracting hopeless teeth and replacing them with an implant-retained prosthesis, and placement of indirect porcelain restorations. A comprehensive interdisciplinary approach between the clinician, implant surgeon, and laboratory was crucial for a successful outcome.
Potent Activity of the HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitor Bevirimat in SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice (2007)

These results support further clinical development of this first-in-class maturation inhibitor and confirm the usefulness of the SCID-hu Thy/Liv model for evaluation of in vivo antiretroviral efficacy, drug resistance, and viral fitness.
Particle Swarm Optimization for Great Enhancement in Semi-Supervised Retinal Vessel Segmentation with Generative Adversarial Networks (2019)

Retinal vessel segmentation based on deep learning requires a lot of manual labeled data. That is time-consuming, laborious and professional. What is worse, the acquisition of abundant fundus images is difficult. These problems are more serious due to the presence of abnormalities, varying size and shape of the vessels, non-uniform illumination and anatomical changes. In this paper, we propose a data-efficient semi-supervised learning framework, which effectively combines the existing deep learning network with GAN and self-training ideas. In view of the difficulty of tuning hyper-parameters of semi-supervised learning, we propose a method for hyper-parameters selection based on particle swarm optimization algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first demonstration that combines intelligent optimization with semi-supervised learning for achieving the best performance. Under the collaboration of adversarial learning, self-training and PSO to select optimal hyper-parameters, we obtain the performance of retinal vessel segmentation approximate to or even better than representative supervised learning using only one tenth of the labeled data from DRIVE.
<title>Predicting customer preference from objective image quality metrics for monochrome document products</title> (2003)

This paper describes a regression model for predicting customer preference from objective image quality metrics for black and white printers, copiers and multifunction systems. In order to quantify customer preference for monochrome images the quantitative preference system was previously developed. Using this system, a preference survey with five different customer-type documents was used to obtain the preference data. Objective image quality metrics were obtained from a scanner-based measurement system. Using this regression model, typically 80% or more of the variation of the overall preference can be explained by six objective image quality metrics: Relative TRC Error; Mottle; Visual Noise; Visual Structure; Streaks and Bands; and Relative Dynamic Range Reduction. The results also provide the relative significance of these attributes for the different kinds of customer images.
Managing memory requirements in the synthesis of real-time systems from processing graphs (2002)

In the past, environmental restrictions on size, weight, and power consumption have severely limited both the processing and storage capacity of embedded signal processing systems. Today, however, as increases in processor speed and capabilities continually out pace increases in memory densities and performance, processor capacity is no longer a major concern for many signal processing applications-memory usage is now the primary concern. We present techniques for managing the memory requirements of signal processing applications in the synthesis of a real time uniprocessor system from processing graphs. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our memory management techniques, we compare the memory requirements of a statically scheduled implementation of an INMARSAT (International Maritime Satellite) mobile receiver, with our dynamic scheduling techniques. The case study demonstrates that state of the art, static schedulers use over 300% more memory than our simple, preemptive, EDF scheduler for a large class of signal processing applications.
Antibodies against the Plasmodium falciparum glutamate-rich protein from naturally exposed individuals living in a Brazilian malaria-endemic area can inhibit in vitro parasite growth (2011)

The glutamate-rich protein (GLURP) is an exoantigen expressed in all stages of the Plasmodium falciparum life cycle in humans. Anti-GLURP antibodies can inhibit parasite growth in the presence of monocytes via antibody-dependent cellular inhibition (ADCI), and a major parasite-inhibitory region has been found in the N-terminal R0 region of the protein. Herein, we describe the antiplasmodial activity of anti-GLURP antibodies present in the sera from individuals naturally exposed to malaria in a Brazilian malaria-endemic area. The anti-R0 antibodies showed a potent inhibitory effect on the growth of P. falciparum in vitro, both in the presence (ADCI) and absence (GI) of monocytes. The inhibitory effect on parasite growth was comparable to the effect of IgGs purified from pooled sera from hyperimmune African individuals. Interestingly, in the ADCI test, higher levels of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were observed in the supernatant from cultures with higher parasitemias. Our data suggest that the antibody response induced by GLURP-R0 in naturally exposed individuals may have an important role in controlling parasitemia because these antibodies are able to inhibit the in vitro growth of P. falciparum with or without the cooperation from monocytes. Our results also indicate that TNF-α may not be relevant for the inhibitory effect on P. falciparum in vitro growth.
Quality-of-Service Prediction for Physical-layer Security via Secrecy Maps (2020)

While most of the theoretical aspects of physical layer security are well understood, practical applications lag substantially behind theoretical advances. As a step towards the integration of physical-layer security aspects in the radio access system design, the concept of secrecy maps has been recently introduced. Building upon this concept, in this work we focus on system design-related aspects which consider physical-layer security as a service, together with thereby associated secrecy-related Quality-of-Service (QoS) requirements. We adopt a statistical learning framework to characterize the wireless environment from the perspective of semantic security via QoS maps that indicate locations in the wireless environment that surmount a QoS-related performance threshold with a guaranteed level of confidence. To provide secrecy characterization of a particular wireless environment, we propose to learn any-to-any QoS maps by leveraging the tensor completion framework. We demonstrate the advantage of the proposed method over a baseline algorithm based on tensor rank minimization via numerical simulations.
The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat lowers biomarkers of cardiovascular risk and inflammation in HIV patients (2015)

Collectively, these data indicate that panobinostat may have therapeutic potential to target excess inflammation in HIV patients with high cardiovascular risk.
The scientific approach to teaching (2011)

Discussions of teaching - even some publications - abound with anecdotal evidence. Our intuition often supplants a systematic, scientific approach to finding out what works and what doesn't work. Yet, research is increasingly demonstrating that our gut feelings about teaching are often wrong. In this talk I will discuss some research my group has done on gender issues in science courses and on the effectiveness of classroom demonstrations.