gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Buried oxide densification for low power, low voltage CMOS applications [SIMOX] (2002)

Summary form only given. A significant aspect with regard to SIMOX wafers for low voltage, low power applications is the reliability and performance of the thin buried oxide. In addition, when subjected to high total dose irradiation, the silicon islands within the BOX layer of SIMOX can store charges and significantly affect the back channel threshold voltages of devices. Thus, elimination of the islands within the buried oxide (BOX) layer is preferred in order to prevent leakage through these conductive islands and charge build-up within the buried oxide layer. A differential (2-step) ramp rate as applied to full and 100 nm BOX SIMOX was previously reported to play a significant role in the stoichiometry and island formation within the buried layer (Sudou et al., 1996). This paper focuses on the properties of a thin (120 nm) buried oxide as a function of the anneal ramp rate and the anneal temperature. In this research, we have found an improvement in the buried oxide stoichiometry with the use of a slower, singular ramp rate for specified thin buried oxides, with slower ramp rates and higher anneal temperatures suggested for reduction of the presence of Si islands within the BOX layer.
TREATMENT OF NON–AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION SUBMACULAR DISEASES WITH MACULAR TRANSLOCATION SURGERY (2011)

Macular translocation surgery 360 may be considered in subjects with progressive bilateral vision loss from various conditions other than age-related macular degeneration. Although a significant number of complications occurred, a large percentage of subjects gained >3 lines of visual acuity (38%) and achieved a final visual acuity of ≥ 20/50 (31%).
Dose-Dependent Activation of Putative Oncogene SBSN by BORIS (2012)

Testis-specific transcription factor BORIS (Brother of the Regulator of Imprinted Sites), a paralog and proposed functional antagonist of the widely expressed CTCF, is abnormally expressed in multiple tumor types and has been implicated in the epigenetic activation of cancer-testis antigens (CTAs). We have reported previously that suprabasin (SBSN), whose expression is restricted to the epidermis, is epigenetically derepressed in lung cancer. In this work, we establish that SBSN is a novel non-CTA target of BORIS epigenetic regulation. With the use of a doxycycline-inducible BORIS expressing vector, we demonstrate that relative BORIS dosage is critical for SBSN activation. At lower concentrations, BORIS induces demethylation of the SBSN CpG island and disruption and activation of chromatin around the SBSN transcription start site (TSS), resulting in a 35-fold increase in SBSN expression in the H358 human lung cancer cell line. Interestingly, increasing BORIS concentrations leads to a subsequent reduction in SBSN expression via chromatin repression. In a similar manner, increase in BORIS concentrations leads to eventual decrease of cell growth and colony formation. This is the first report demonstrating that different amount of BORIS defines its varied effects on the expression of a target gene via chromatin structure reorganization.
Risk-Based Operation of a Continuous Mixed-Suspension-Mixed-Product-Removal Antisolvent Crystallization Process for Polymorphic Control (2020)

Innovations in the continuous crystallization field are required for the pharmaceutical industry to go through the paradigm shift from batch to continuous processing. To do so, different risks associated with the continuous crystallization have to be identified and discussed. In this work, a continuous antisolvent crystallization of the model compound indomethacin (IMC) from a ternary solvent system in a mixed-suspension-mixed-product-removal (MSMPR) to produce the desired polymorphic γ-form is evaluated, and potential risks for process failure are identified. One of the main risks identified with the continuous crystallization is gaining a balance between the inlet and outlet flows. Two novel and different level controls are proposed in this work to overcome this risk, an ultrasonic sensor and image analysis based on a video recording of the level. These two methods demonstrate improved process robustness upon implementation. Additionally, different process parameters were investigated and showed that the seed load has a significant effect on maintaining the desired polymorph and avoiding process failure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on continuous crystallization of IMC for the polymorphic control of γ-IMC.
Measurements of the top quark branching ratios into channels with leptons and quarks with the ATLAS detector (2015)

Measurements of the top quark branching ratios into
Powertrain Friction Reduction by Synergistic Optimization of the Cylinder Bore Surface and Lubricant Part 1: Basic Modelling (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The piston assembly is the major source of tribological inefficiencies among the engine components and is responsible for about 50% of the total engine friction losses, making such a system the main target element for developing low-friction technologies. Being a reciprocating system, the piston assembly can operate in boundary, mixed and hydrodynamic lubrication regimes. Computer simulations were used to investigate the synergistic effect between low viscosity oils and cylinder bore finishes on friction reduction of passenger car internal combustion engines. First, the Reynolds equation and the Greenwood &amp;amp; Tripp model were used to investigating the hydrodynamic and asperity contact pressures in the top piston ring. The classical Reynolds works well for barrel-shaped profiles and relatively thick oil film thickness but has limitations for predicting the lubrication behavior of flat parallel surfaces, such as those of Oil Control Ring (OCR) outer lands. In these cases, a deterministic-based model was used to evaluate the role of surface roughness on the hydrodynamic pressure build-up and its impact on the lubrication performance of OCRs. Samples’ characteristics and results of piston ring-cylinder bore tribological tests were used as input data for the mathematical models and support the discussion of the simulated results. This paper also provides an overview and a conceptual examination of mixed lubrication models commonly used to simulate piston ring conjunctions. A companion paper, namely “Powertrain Friction Reduction by Synergistic Optimization of Cylinder Bore Surface and Lubricant - Part 2: Engine Tribology Simulations and Tests”, complements this work with additional simulation results and empirical data that advances the understanding of the interplay between lubricant viscosity and surface topography and its contribution on the performance of reciprocating engines.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Data from Patients with Biallelic BRCA1/2 Inactivation Respond to Olaparib Treatment Across Histologic Tumor Types (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;To assess the efficacy of olaparib, a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) in patients with tumors with &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations, regardless of histologic tumor type.&lt;/p&gt;Patients and Methods:&lt;p&gt;Patients with treatment-refractory &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2-&lt;/i&gt;mutated cancer were included for treatment with off-label olaparib 300 mg twice daily until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. In Drug Rediscovery Protocol (DRUP), patients with treatment-refractory solid malignancies receive off-label drugs based on tumor molecular profiles while whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is performed on baseline tumor biopsies. The primary endpoint was clinical benefit (CB; defined as objective response or stable disease ≥ 16 weeks according to RECIST 1.1). Per protocol patients were enrolled using a Simon-like two-stage model.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;Twenty-four evaluable patients with nine different tumor types harboring &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt; mutations were included, 58% had CB from treatment with olaparib. CB was observed in patients with complete loss of function (LoF) of &lt;i&gt;BRCA1/2&lt;/i&gt;, while 73% of patients with biallelic &lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt; LoF had CB. In 17 patients with and seven without current labeled indication, 10 and four patients had CB, respectively. Treatment resistance in four patients with biallelic loss might be explained by an additional oncogenic driver which was discovered by WGS, including Wnt pathway activation, &lt;i&gt;FGFR&lt;/i&gt; amplification, and &lt;i&gt;CDKN2A&lt;/i&gt; loss, in three tumor types.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;These data indicate that using PARPis is a promising treatment strategy for patients with non–&lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt;-associated histologies harboring biallelic &lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt; LoF. WGS allows to accurately detect complete LoF of &lt;i&gt;BRCA&lt;/i&gt; and homologous repair deficiency (HRD) signature as well as oncogenic drivers that may contribute to resistance, using a single assay.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Hidden Hearing Injury: The Emerging Science and Military Relevance of Cochlear Synaptopathy (2017)

Neurological injuries resulting from noise exposures via the auditory system have potentially significant implications for military Service Member performance, long-term Veteran health, and noise exposure standards. Mediated via auditory pathways, such injuries have possible relationship to clinical impairments including speech perception, and may be a largely overlooked contributor to cognitive symptoms associated with other military service-related injuries such as blast exposure and brain trauma. The potential health and performance consequences of noise-induced cochlear synaptopathic injury are easily overlooked, especially if it is assumed that hearing threshold sensitivity loss is the major concern. There should be a renewed impetus to further characterize and model synaptopathic mechanisms of auditory injury; study its potential impact on human auditory function, cognition, and performance metrics of military relevance; and develop solutions for auditory protection (including noise dosimetry) and treatment if appropriate following noise or blast exposure in military scenarios. We identify specific problems, solution objectives, and research objectives. Recommended research calls for a multidisciplinary approach to address cochlear nerve synaptopathy, central (brain) dysfunction, noise exposure measurement and metrics, and clinical assessment.
VE-PTP regulates VEGFR2 activity in stalk cells to establish endothelial cell polarity and lumen formation (2013)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) guides the path of new vessel sprouts by inducing VEGF receptor-2 activity in the sprout tip. In the stalk cells of the sprout, VEGF receptor-2 activity is downregulated. Here, we show that VEGF receptor-2 in stalk cells is dephosphorylated by the endothelium-specific vascular endothelial-phosphotyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP). VE-PTP acts on VEGF receptor-2 located in endothelial junctions indirectly, via the Angiopoietin-1 receptor Tie2. VE-PTP inactivation in mouse embryoid bodies leads to excess VEGF receptor-2 activity in stalk cells, increased tyrosine phosphorylation of VE-cadherin and loss of cell polarity and lumen formation. Vessels in ve-ptp(-/-) teratomas also show increased VEGF receptor-2 activity and loss of endothelial polarization. Moreover, the zebrafish VE-PTP orthologue ptp-rb is essential for polarization and lumen formation in intersomitic vessels. We conclude that the role of Tie2 in maintenance of vascular quiescence involves VE-PTP-dependent dephosphorylation of VEGF receptor-2, and that VEGF receptor-2 activity regulates VE-cadherin tyrosine phosphorylation, endothelial cell polarity and lumen formation.
Non-linear Hysteresis Compensation of a Tendon-sheath-driven Robotic\n Manipulator using Motor Current (2020)

Tendon-sheath-driven manipulators (TSM) are widely used in minimally invasive\nsurgical systems due to their long, thin shape, flexibility, and compliance\nmaking them easily steerable in narrow or tortuous environments. Many\ncommercial TSM-based medical devices have non-linear phenomena resulting from\ntheir composition such as backlash hysteresis and dead zone, which lead to a\nconsiderable challenge for achieving precise control of the end effector pose.\nHowever, many recent works in the literature do not consider the combined\neffects and compensation of these phenomena, and less focus on practical ways\nto identify model parameters in realistic conditions. This paper proposes a\nsimplified piecewise linear model to construct both backlash hysteresis and\ndead zone compensators together. Further, a practical method is introduced to\nidentify model parameters using motor current from a robotic controller for the\nTSM. Our proposed methods are validated with multiple Intra-cardiac\nEchocardiography (ICE) catheters, which are typical commercial example of TSM,\nby periodic and non-periodic motions. Our results show that the errors from\nbacklash hysteresis and dead zone are considerably reduced and therefore the\naccuracy of robotic control is improved when applying the presented methods.\n
Abstract 1140: PI3K/Akt inhibition decreases oxygen consumption In tumor cells by phosphorylating and inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH E1α subunit (2015)

Abstract The PI3K/mTOR pathway plays a central role in coupling metabolic processes to the cellular proliferative state. Pharmacologic inhibitors of the PI3K/mTOR pathway or genetic inhibition of Akt/PI3K decreased the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in transformed cell lines in vitro by 30-40%. Pharmacologic inhibition of this pathway increased phosphorylation of the E1α subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex on Ser293, an inhibitory modification of this critical gatekeeper of mitochondrial respiration. Expressing wild type PTEN in a doxycycline-inducible manner in a glioblastoma cell line with mutant PTEN led to an increase in PDH E1α phosphorylation and a decrease in OCR. The decrease in OCR with PI3K/Akt/mTOR inhibition was recapitulated by knocking down PDH E1α expression using siRNA. Pre-treatment with dichloroacetate (DCA), a known inhibitor of the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (PDKs) that phosphorylate PDH E1α, prevented the upregulation in PDH E1α phosphorylation, induced by inhibition of the pathway and also blunted the decrease in OCR. Likewise, introduction of exogenous PDH-E1α that contains serine to alanine mutations, which can no longer be regulated by phosphorylation, also blunted the decrease in OCR seen with PI3K/mTOR inhibition. Our findings highlight an association between the PI3K/mTOR pathway and tumor cell oxygen consumption that is regulated in part by PDH phosphorylation. These results have important implications for understanding the effects PI3K pathway activation in tumor metabolism and also in designing cancer therapy trials that use inhibitors of this pathway. Citation Format: George John Cerniglia, Souvik Day, Shannon M. Gallagher-Colombo, Natalie Daurio, Stephen Tuttle, Theresa M. Busch, Theresa M. Busch, Alexander Lin, Tatiana V. Esipova, Sergei A. Vinogradov, Constantinos Koumenis, Amit Maity. PI3K/Akt inhibition decreases oxygen consumption In tumor cells by phosphorylating and inactivating pyruvate dehydrogenase PDH E1α subunit. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1140. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1140
Cover Picture: Total Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of (−)‐Dictyostatin, a Microtubule‐Stabilizing Macrolide of Marine Sponge Origin / Total Synthesis of (−)‐Dictyostatin: Confirmation of Relative and Absolute Configurations (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 35/2004) (2004)

Sponging off nature is a reliable way to find promising drug leads: (−)‐Dictyostatin, which was isolated from the marine sponge Corallistidae , is a novel microtubule‐stabilizing agent that could be useful against multidrug‐resistant tumors. In their Communications on pages 4629 ff. and 4634 ff., the groups of I. Paterson and D. P. Curran describe the total synthesis of this challenging target, thus establishing unequivocally the relative and absolute configuration of the macrolactone and opening the way to useful amounts of the drug and designed analogues. The Photo of the sponge was provided by Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution.
020 Bioidentical Combined Estradiol and Progesterone Capsules Improved Vaginal Dryness in Women with Vasomotor Symptoms (2019)

Journal Article 020 Bioidentical Combined Estradiol and Progesterone Capsules Improved Vaginal Dryness in Women with Vasomotor Symptoms Get access J. Simon, J. Simon George Washington University School of Medicine IntimMedicine Specialists Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Parish, S. Parish Weill Cornell Medical College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar B. Bernick, B. Bernick TherapeuticsMD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Graham, S. Graham TherapeuticsMD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar S. Mirkin S. Mirkin TherapeuticMD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Sexual Medicine, Volume 16, Issue Supplement_3, June 2019, Pages S9–S10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.03.477 Published: 01 June 2019
Citizen-led sampling to monitor phosphate levels in freshwater environments using a simple paper microfluidic device (2021)

&lt;p&gt;Contamination of waterways is of increasing concern, with recent studies demonstrating elevated levels of antibiotics, antidepressants, household, agricultural and industrial chemicals in freshwater systems. Thus, there is a growing demand for methods to rapidly and conveniently monitor contaminants in waterways. Here we demonstrate how a combination of paper microfluidic devices and handheld mobile technology can be used by citizen scientists to carry out a sustained water monitoring campaign. We have developed a paper-based analytical device and a 3 minute sampling workflow that requires no more than a container, a test device and a smartphone app. The contaminant measured in these pilots are phosphates, detectable down to 3 mg L-1. Together these allow volunteers to successfully carry out cost-effective, high frequency, phosphate monitoring over an extended geographies and periods. © 2021 Richardson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.&lt;/p&gt;
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2008)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult Urology1 Jul 2008Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2008.03.151AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy." The Journal of Urology, 180(1), pp. 139–140 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 180Issue 1July 2008Page: 139-140 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
The Epidemiological and Molecular Aspects of Influenza H5N1 Viruses at the Human-Animal Interface in Egypt (2011)

With 119 confirmed cases between March 2006 and December 2010, Egypt ranks second among countries reporting human H5N1 influenza virus infections. In 2009-2010, Egypt reported 68 new human cases and became the new epicenter for H5N1 infections. We conducted an epidemiological and molecular analysis in order to better understand the situation in Egypt. The onset of new cases peaked annually during the winter and spring months, with majority of cases reported in the Nile Delta region. Most cases were less than 18 years old (62%) and females (60%). The overall case-fatality rate was 34% and significantly increased by age. There was a significant difference between the case-fatality rates among females and males. We observed a significant drop (p = 0.004) in case fatality rate in 2009 (10%) as compared to higher rates (36%-56%) in other years. Hospitalization within 2 or 3 days after onset of symptoms significantly decreased mortality. Molecular analysis showed that variations do occur among viruses isolated from birds as well as from humans in Egypt, and these mutations were especially noted in 2009 viruses. As the epidemiological profile of Egyptian cases differs from other countries, there is an urgent need to conduct prospective studies to enhance our understanding of incidence, prevalence, and determinants of virulence of human infections with avian H5N1 influenza viruses.
Electrochemotherapy of Murine Melanoma Using Intratumor Drug Administration (2003)

Administering a chemotherapeutic agent in combination with electric fields (electrochemotherapy; ECT) has been shown to be an effective localized treatment for solid tumors (1). The drug used most often in this combination treatment has been bleomycin. ECT has been used successfully in both animal studies and clinical trials (1-3). The treatment was initially performed by exposing tumor cells to electrical fields following intravenous injection of the chemotherapeutic agent. Although ECT using intravenous bleomycin was successful, the procedure was limited by the existence of a narrow but optimal time window for effective treatment as well as the fact that a systemic drug dose was being administered for a localized therapy. In addition, the use of intravenous administration also precludes the treatment of patients with poor circulation.
Antimitotic Agents of Natural Origin (2006)

Antimitotic agents have been the most successful pharmacological agents for the treatment of cancer. The term "antimitotic agent" has traditionally been synonymous with tubulin-targeting compounds, but as a consequence of the large number of new compounds and mechanisms that have been identified recently, a much broader definition is currently needed. This review attempts to provide a broad overview of compounds and their cognate protein targets which result in a block in mitosis. Focus has been placed on agents that act directly on the mitotic machinery rather than on targets further upstream such as growth factor receptors.
The quantitative metabolome is shaped by abiotic constraints (2020)

Abstract Living systems formed and evolved under governing constraints that characterize their interactions with the inorganic world. These interactions are definable using basic physico-chemical principles. Here, we formulate a comprehensive set of ten governing abiotic constraints that define possible quantitative metabolomes. We apply these constraints to a metabolic network of Escherichia coli that represents 90% of its metabolome. We show that the quantitative metabolomes allowed by the abiotic constraints are consistent with metabolomic and isotope labeling data. We find that: (i) Network-wide characterization of charge-, proton- and magnesium-related constraints shape transcriptional regulatory responses to osmotic stress; (ii) Proton and charge imbalance underlie transcriptional regulatory responses to acid stress; (iii) Abiotic constraints drive the evolution of transport systems, such as high-affinity phosphate transporters. Thus, quantifying the constraints that the inorganic world imposes on living systems provides insights into their key characteristics, helps understand the outcomes of evolutionary adaptation, and should be considered as a fundamental part of theoretical biology and for understanding the constraints on evolution.