gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does Breast Implant–Associated ALCL Begin as a Lymphoproliferative Disorder? (2019)

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) has been included as a provisional entity in the revised version of the World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissue. To increase opportunities to intervene with early diagnosis, treatment, and possible prevention, it is important to consider that BIA-ALCL may evolve from a preexisting lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by (1) an indolent localized (in situ) disease in approximately 80 percent of reported cases; (2) a requirement for external cytokine stimulation for cell survival; (3) CD30 cells in some clinically benign seromas/capsules; (4) undetected T-cell clonality in some cases; (5) JAK/STAT mutations in only a minority of cases; and (6) cure by capsulectomy and implant removal in most cases. BIA-ALCL resembles CD30 cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder: ALK, CD30 anaplastic cells with an aberrant T-cell phenotype; overexpression of oncogenes (JUNB, SATB1, pSTAT3, SOCS3) in lymphomatoid papulosis; frequent apoptosis; complete spontaneous regression in lymphomatoid papulosis; and partial spontaneous regression in cutaneous ALCL. Unlike CD30 cutaneous lymphoproliferative disorder, BIA-ALCL cannot be readily observed over time to study the different steps in progression to ALCL. BIA-ALCL also shares features of lymphomas of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue, which are clinically indolent, initially localized, antigen driven, and caused by Gram-negative bacteria. Further studies of cytokines, clonality, mutations, and other biomarkers are needed to identify possible premalignant steps in the evolution of benign late seromas to BIA-ALCL.
Proposed modification of figure on NGN architecture with web service component in Y.NGN-Web (2010)

At the last NGN-GSI meeting on January 2010, we had discussed NGN architecture with web service component in Y.NGN-Web (Functional Requirements and Architecture of Web Service Component in NGN). When we reviewed the figure (i.e., Figure 6 in Y.NGN-Web) on NGN architecture with web service component, we had received a comment for this figure at the meeting as you can see the editor's note in Section 9.1 in Y.NGN-Web. So, this contribution provides the revised figure for NGN architecture with web service component in Y.NGN-Web. After discussion, we would like to replace the current figure by the revised figure.
Conductive elastomeric nanocomposites based on oxidation of aniline with silver nitrate via inverse emulsion polymerization (2014)

The present investigation describes a facile and rapid approach of conductive nanocomposites production and assesses the opportunity of their use as electro-mechanical sensors. Hybrid materials containing silver and polyaniline nanoparticles reinforcing a thermoplastic elastomeric matrix were studied. The approach developed includes ultrasonically assisted in situ inverse emulsion polymerization of aniline oxidized by a weak oxidant and silver nitrate, and supported with a strong oxidant, ammonia peroxydisulfate. Aniline was doped with dodecylbenzene sulfonic acid in the presence of dissolved styrene–isoprene–styrene thermoplastic elastomer. While conventional polymerization of aniline with silver nitrate takes 2 weeks, by utilization of inverse emulsion polymerization, the reaction time reduces to 5 days. The assistance of a strong oxidant dramatically shortens the reaction time to 30 min. The technique developed results in uniform distribution of polyaniline/silver (PANI/Ag) conductive nanoparticles in the elastomeric matrix. The morphological studies of the films reveal spherically shaped 45 nm Ag particles. The presence of PANI/Ag in the styrene–isoprene–styrene elastomeric matrix enhances the electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The approach described provides an opportunity of the development of tunable structures and a remarkably distinctive architecture. A rapid electrical resistance response to an applied strain makes the nanocomposites developed useful as sensitive strain sensors. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully CMOS BEOL compatible HfO<inf>2</inf> RRAM cell, with low (&#x03BC;A) program current, strong retention and high scalability, using an optimized plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process for TiN electrode (2011)

In this work, (1) we propose a new, simpler, and fully CMOS-compatible TiN\HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> \TiN material stack, using PEALD TiN which after plasma optimization results in functional cells down to 2275nm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (35nm×65nm), (2) we demonstrate stable switching between resistances >;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> Ω using a low program current of ~1μA, where the 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> Ω-resistive LRS state shows good retention at high temperature, projected to 10 years stability at 80°C.
Structural properties of InN on GaN grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy (1999)

InN has been expected to be a suitable material for electronic devices such as high mobility transistors because of its small effective mass compared to other nitrides. Heteroepitaxial InN films were grown by metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy. The films have been structurally characterized by triple-axis x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis in terms of lattice-mismatch dependence and InN film thickness dependence, and Hall measurements have been performed. In the XRD measurement, ω and ω–2θ scans were used, and the degree of tilting (the linewidth of x-ray signal, Δωc) [(0002) reflection] and that of twisting (Δωa) [(101̄0) reflection] have been separated. In addition, the degree of distribution of lattice constant c (Δ2θc) [(0002) reflection] of InN films has been assessed. For study of the lattice-mismatch dependence, growth of InN films on GaN, AlN and directly on sapphire substrates was performed, and accordingly, Δωc was found to range from about 500 to 4000 arcsec, and Δ2θc from about 400 to 700 arcsec. Among those three kinds of samples, InN films grown on GaN showed the smallest Δωc and Δ2θc values. Observation of c- and a-lattice parameters has shown that the InN on GaN is affected by the residual strain. On the other hand, InN thickness dependence of XRD showed that Δωc was changed from about 700 to 500 arcsec, and Δ2θc from about 600 to 300 arcsec with increasing InN thickness from 400 to 2400 Å. In accordance with the thickness of InN, Δωa was found to change from about 2500 to 1700 arcsec. Moreover, it was found that the InN film less than 1200 Å thick is composed of grain islands with different crystalline orientation and that the growth mode changes at a thickness of about 1200 Å—and screw dislocations occur. It is found that the residual strain in InN films over 1200 Å thick is gradually released, resulting in almost the same orientation. This is reflected in the reduction of the mosaicity, the proceeding of relaxation and the surface morphology. Selection of GaN for the underlying layer of the InN film has been shown to lead to structural improvement of the epitaxial InN film. In fact, InN film with a thickness of 2400 Å grown on GaN has a Hall mobility of about 700 cm2/V s even at an electron carrier concentration of 5×1019 cm−3. This value corresponds to that for GaAs at the same impurity concentration.
Mechanistic Studies of the Oxygen Evolution Reaction by a Cobalt-Phosphate Catalyst at Neutral pH (2010)

The mechanism of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) by catalysts prepared by electrodepositions from Co(2+) solutions in phosphate electrolytes (Co-Pi) was studied at neutral pH by electrokinetic and (18)O isotope experiments. Low-potential electrodepositions enabled the controlled preparation of ultrathin Co-Pi catalyst films (<100 nm) that could be studied kinetically in the absence of mass transport and charge transport limitations to the OER. The Co-Pi catalysts exhibit a Tafel slope approximately equal to 2.3 × RT/F for the production of oxygen from water in neutral solutions. The electrochemical rate law exhibits an inverse first order dependence on proton activity and a zeroth order dependence on phosphate for [Pi] ≥ 0.03 M. In the absence of phosphate buffer, the Tafel slope is increased ∼3-fold and the overall activity is greatly diminished. Together, these electrokinetic studies suggest a mechanism involving a rapid, one electron, one proton equilibrium between Co(III)-OH and Co(IV)-O in which a phosphate species is the proton acceptor, followed by a chemical turnover-limiting process involving oxygen-oxygen bond coupling.
Prediction of TiO2 Nanoparticle Phase and Shape Transitions Controlled by Surface Chemistry (2005)

The effects of surface chemistry on the morphology and phase stability of titanium dioxide nanoparticles have been investigated using a thermodynamic model based on surface free energies and surface tensions obtained from first principles calculations. It has been found that surfaces representing acidic and alkaline conditions have a significant influence on both the shape of the nanocrystals and the anatase-to-rutile transition size. The latter introduces the possibility of inducing phase transitions by changing the surface chemistry.
Pyridalyl, a novel insecticide: Potency and insecticidal selectivity (2005)

Pyridalyl is an insecticide of a novel chemical class (unclassified insecticides). Toxicity of pyridalyl to two insect pest species, Spodoptera litura and Frankliniella occidentalis, an insect predator, Orius stringicollis, and a pollinator, Bombus terrestris, was evaluated in the laboratory. The insecticidal activity of pyridalyl against S. litura was evaluated using the leaf-dipping method. The potency of pyridalyl was highly effective against all development stages (2nd to 6th instar larvae) of S. litura. This compound was also evaluated against F. occidentalis using the direct spray method. For F. occidentalis, toxicity of pyridalyl was almost similar to that of acrinathrin, but greater than acrinathrin for adults. Then the toxicity of this product to the natural enemies, Orius stringicollis and the pollinating insect Bombus terrestris, was evaluated using the body-dipping method or direct spray method. No acute toxicity of this product was observed on these non-target insects. Moreover, the influence of pyridalyl to the nest of Bombus terrestris was evaluated using the direct spray to the inside of the nest. No apparent influence of this compound was observed by 21 days after treatment. The cytotoxicity of pyridalyl to the Sf9 insect cell line and the CHO-K1 mammalian cell line was evaluated using the trypan-blue exclusion method. High toxicity to the insect cell line, but almost no toxicity to the mammalian cell line, was observed. Thus, pyridalyl exhibited high selectivity in cytotoxicity between the insect and mammalian cell line as well as in insecticidal activity among insect species. We infer pyridalyl may be useful for IPM programs of greenhouse cultivation system.
Spectroscopic studies of the jet-cooled nickel dimer (1984)

We report the first gas-phase electronic spectrum of nickel dimer. Ni2 is produced by laser vaporization of metallic nickel in the throat of a supersonic nozzle. Using resonant two photon ionization, bands previously observed in inert matrices and attributed to Ni2 are conspicuous in their absence. Further to the red, an abrupt onset of complicated spectral structure indicates rapid predissociation above 16 680 cm−1. We argue that this represents the true dissociation limit, and places D0=2.068±0.01 eV. A congested pattern of spectral features from 6000 to 9000 Å confirms theoretical predictions of a large number of low-lying electronic states in nickel dimer. Rotationally resolved bands near 8500 Å are indicative of a ΔΩ=+1 transition, with Ω″=4, Ω′=5. Rotational analysis of these bands yields a bond length of 2.200±0.007 Å for the ground state of Ni2, which must be of either 1Γg or 3Γu electronic symmetry species. Both the long bond length of 2.20 Å and the high value of Ω″ are in agreement with theoretical predictions, and confirm that no substantial 3d participation contributes to the chemical bonding of Ni2.
Protein-mediated Translational Repression (1983)

INTRODUCTION Regulation of protein synthesis at the level of translation is one of the many ways cells control the concentrations of gene products. We define (for this review) translational regulation to be the variation from “constitutive” levels of translation caused by the action of specific proteins on specific mRNAs. The constitutive efficiencies of translation of mRNAs are determined by both the sequence and the structure of their initiation regions (Steitz 1979; Gold et al. 1981; Stormo et al. 1982). mRNAs are in excess of ribosomes; i.e., free ribosomes are less abundant than are open initiation regions on mRNA. Selection of messages for translation occurs according to the relative strengths of their initiation domains. Primary sequence features important for recognition by ribosomes include the polypurine Shine and Dalgarno region, the initiation codon, and other nearby nucleotides (Gold et al. 1981). Initiation regions possess varying degrees of structure, from the unstructured T4 gene- 32 message to the obviously structured MS2 replicase message (see below). The features of mRNAs recognized by translational regulatory proteins include both sequence and structure. The role of structure in mRNA function is often overlooked but is of prime importance to translational regulation. Work on tRNA structure and function (Altman 1978), the autocatalytic splicing of Tetrahymena ribosomal (r)RNA (Kruger et al. 1982), mRNA attenuation regions (see Bauer et al., this volume), and the role of RNA in RNase P activity (Reed et al. 1982) suggest that the relationship between RNA structure and function is complex. In this paper we discuss...
Isothermal cold crystallization kinetics of borassus powder/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites (2020)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is an important bioplastic which is semicrystalline with very slow crystallization rate. Therefore, the processed PLA products are usually amorphous and transparent with low mechanical properties. Currently, research efforts are focused on enhancing the crystallization rate of PLA. In this work, natural borassus fibers are incorporated into PLA and the isothermal cold crystallization kinetics is investigated using differential scanning calorimetry and Avrami equation. The isothermal cold crystallization studies revealed that, the relative crystallinity increases with the increasing content of borassus. The Avrami exponent “n” was determined ~2.0 indicated the one-dimensional crystal growth with rod-like geometry. The overall crystallization rate increased due to the borassus content and was expressed by crystallization halftime (t1/2). This study clearly showed that borassus fibers act as nucleating agent.
Thickness-Tunable Self-Assembled Colloidal Nanoplatelet Films Enable Ultrathin Optical Gain Media (2020)

We propose and demonstrate construction of highly uniform, multilayered superstructures of CdSe/CdZnS core/shell colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) using liquid interface self-assembly. These NPLs are sequentially deposited onto a solid substrate into slabs having monolayer-precise thickness across tens of cm<sup>2</sup> areas. Because of near-unity surface coverage and excellent uniformity, amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) is observed from an uncharacteristically thin film having 6 NPL layers, corresponding to a mere 42 nm thickness. Furthermore, systematic studies on optical gain of these NPL superstructures having thicknesses ranging from 6 to 15 layers revealed the gradual reduction in gain threshold with increasing number of layers, along with a continuous spectral shift of the ASE peak (∼18 nm). These observations can be explained by the change in the optical mode confinement factor with the NPL waveguide thickness and propagation wavelength. This bottom-up construction technique for thickness-tunable, three-dimensional NPL superstructures can be used for large-area device fabrication.
Higher transfection efficiency of genomic DNA purified with a guanidinium thiocyanate-based procedure (1990)

Efficient transfection of eukaryotic cells is dependent on the purity of the transfected genomic DNA. In an attempt to obtain a more reliable method of DNA purification we have modified the widely used protocol of Blin and Stafford to include a treatment with guanidinium thiocyanate. The DNA obtained following the present protocol transfects eukaryotic cells with higher efficiency.
Shape Memory Polymer Nanocomposites (2010)

ABSTRACT ：The term 'shape memory polymers (SMPs)' describes a class of polymers which can remember the originalshape and recover from deformed to its original shape by the applied stimuli, e.g., heat, electricity, magnetic field, light,etc. SMPs are classified as one of the 'smart polymers' and have great potentials as high-value-added materials. Especially,low thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties of SMPs can be improved by incorporating the various fillers. This paperaims to review the SMPs and their basic principles, and the trends of the development of SMPs nanocomposites. Keywords ： shape memory polymer, polymer composite, nanofiller, smart polymer † 대표저자 E-mail: seshim@inha.ac.kr Ⅰ. 형상기억 고분자 소개 현재 가장 널리 사용되는 형상 기억 재료 (shape memory ma-terial)로 형상 기억 합금(shape memory metallic alloy)이 있으며 이는 낮은 변형 복구 능력, 높은 강성, 고비용, 낮은 전이온도, 가공 조건의 까다로움 등의 단점이 있다 . 이런 단점을 극복하기 위해 고탄성 변형을 가지며 저비용, 저밀도 및 잠재적인 생체적 합성과 생분해성의 장점을 지니는 형상 기억 고분자의 연구가 큰 관심을 받고 있다. 형상 기억 고분자(shape memory polymer, SMP)란 초기의 고분자 형태를 '기억' 하여 적절한 자극에 의해 변형된 형태로부터 본래의 모습으로 되돌아 오는 고분자의 종류를 말한다. 이와 같은 정의의 결과로 많은 종류의 다른 고분자 시스템이 형상 기억 고분자로 분류된다 . 현재 존재하고 있는 거의 모든 고분자에서 유리전이온도 (glass tran-sition temperature, T
Penalties from In-Band Crosstalk for Advanced Optical Modulation Formats (2011)

We quantify, through simulations and experiments at 21.4 GBaud, the effect of in-band crosstalk on several advanced optical modulation formats, showing a 1-dB penalty at a bit-error ratio of 1×10−3 from a crosstalk of −18 dB, −24 dB, and −32 dB for QPSK, 16-QAM, and 64-QAM, respectively.
21st Century Locomotive Technology: Technical Status Report 30 (2010)

Analysis of specific missions shows that combining Trip Optimization techniques with Hybrid Energy Storage increases energy savings.
Radio Access Technologies for Broadband Mobile Communications (2017)

This paper describes the broadband radio access techniques for Universal Mobile Terrestrial Systems (UMTS)/Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA)/High-Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), and LTE-Advanced. Major technical pillars are almost identical regardless of the radio access systems of the respective generations. However, the key techniques that provide distinct performance improvements have changed according to the system requirements in each generation. Hence, in this paper, we focus on the key techniques associated with the system requirements. We also describe the requirements, radio access technology candidates, and challenges toward the future 5G systems.
Smartphones for smart wheelchairs (2013)

Individuals with limited ambulatory skills are at high risk for all physical inactivity-related diseases, such as coronary disease and diabetes. Increased physical activity can significantly lower risks of these diseases. However, quantifying recommendations for increased physical activity remain challenging for individuals who use wheelchairs for mobility. In this paper we introduce a smart wheelchair that utilizes a smartphone with its built-in sensors to capture and record physical activity of manual wheelchair users in both unstructured and structured environments. We develop algorithms for data acquisition and processing on the smartphone and implement them in an Android application called mWheelness. The application is successfully tested in laboratory and free-living experiments using several modern smartphones.
Data warehouse evolution: Trade-offs between quality and cost of query rewritings (1999)

The problem of rewriting queries has been heavily explored in recent years, including in work on query processing and optimization, semantic query refinement in decentralized environments, the rewriting of queries using views, and view maintenance. Previous work has made the restricting assumption that the rewritten query must be equivalent to the initially given query. Wenow propose to relax this assumption to allow for query rewriting in situations where equivalent rewritings may not exist -- yet alternate not necessarily equivalent query rewritings may still be preferable to users over not receiving any answers at all. Our approach is based on a preference model, an extension of SQL called E-SQL, that captures the intention of the query by howmuch deviation from the original query would still be acceptable to the user. In this paper, we introduce an analytical model of query rewritings that incorporates measures of quality of a query in addition to the commonly studied measures of costs (query performance). Quality is modeled as a function of the divergence from the intended view extent, both in terms of the preservation of the information amount and the information type. Both quality and cost are integrated into one uniform model, called the QC-Model, to allow for a trade-off among these two measures. This model can be used to compare two alternate (even if not equivalent) rewritings, and thus to establish a ranking among a possibly large set of query rewritings. Our model is the first to allow for automatic
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrahydropyranyl Ether (THPE) Formation in Hydroxyl Group Protection and Conversion to Other Useful Functionalities (2014)

Abstract Review: [164 refs.
Biosafety risk assessment for production of candidate vaccine viruses to protect humans from zoonotic highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (2019)

A major lesson learned from the public health response to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic was the need to shorten the vaccine delivery timeline to achieve the best pandemic mitigation results. A gap analysis of previous pre-pandemic vaccine development activities identified possible changes in the Select Agent exclusion process that would maintain safety and shorten the timeline to develop candidate vaccine viruses (CVVs) for use in pandemic vaccine manufacture. Here, we review the biosafety characteristics of CVVs developed in the past 15 years to support a shortened preparedness timeline for A(H5) and A(H7) subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) CVVs. Extensive biosafety experimental evidence supported recent changes in the implementation of Select Agent regulations that eliminated the mandatory chicken pathotype testing requirements and expedited distribution of CVVs to shorten pre-pandemic and pandemic vaccine manufacturing by up to 3 weeks.