gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humanized mice in studying efficacy and mechanisms of PD‐1‐targeted cancer immunotherapy (2017)

Establishment of an in vivo small animal model of human tumor and human immune system interaction would enable preclinical investigations into the mechanisms underlying cancer immunotherapy. To this end, nonobese diabetic (NOD).Cg- Prkdc<sup>scid</sup>IL2rg<sup>tm1Wjl</sup>/Sz (null; NSG) mice were transplanted with human (h)CD34<sup>+</sup> hematopoietic progenitor and stem cells, which leads to the development of human hematopoietic and immune systems [humanized NSG (HuNSG)]. HuNSG mice received human leukocyte antigen partially matched tumor implants from patient-derived xenografts [PDX; non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), sarcoma, bladder cancer, and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)] or from a TNBC cell line-derived xenograft (CDX). Tumor growth curves were similar in HuNSG compared with nonhuman immune-engrafted NSG mice. Treatment with pembrolizumab, which targets programmed cell death protein 1, produced significant growth inhibition in both CDX and PDX tumors in HuNSG but not in NSG mice. Finally, inhibition of tumor growth was dependent on hCD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, as demonstrated by antibody-mediated depletion. Thus, tumor-bearing HuNSG mice may represent an important, new model for preclinical immunotherapy research.-Wang, M., Yao, L.-C., Cheng, M., Cai, D., Martinek, J., Pan, C.-X., Shi, W., Ma, A.-H., De Vere White, R. W., Airhart, S., Liu, E. T., Banchereau, J., Brehm, M. A., Greiner, D. L., Shultz, L. D., Palucka, K., Keck, J. G. Humanized mice in studying efficacy and mechanisms of PD-1-targeted cancer immunotherapy.
Synthesis of poly(4‐vinylbenzocyclobutene) and its reaction with dienophiles (1995)

Abstract 4‐Vinylbenzocyclobutene ( 1 ) was prepared by the nickel‐catalyzed coupling reaction of 4‐bromobenzocyclobutene with vinylbromide in 70% yield. Radical homopolymerization of 1 at 60°C for 24 h afforded poly(4 vinylbenzocyclobutene) [poly( 1 )] in 89% yield and radical copolymerizations of 1 with styrene (St) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) were carried out to obtain the corresponding copolymers. The Q = 1.07, e = 0.046. As a model reaction of the polymer reaction of the polymer reaction of poly( 1 ) and poly(4‐vinylbenzocyclobutene‐co‐styrene) [copoly( 1 ‐St)] with dienophiles, the Diels‐Alder reaction of benzocyclobutene with N ‐phenylmaleimide (MI) or maleic anhydride (MANH) was carried out to determine the optimum reaction conditions. Under the optimum condition, the Diels‐Alder reaction of poly( 1 ) and copoly( 1 ‐St) with MI and MANH in the presence of 4‐ tert ‐butyl‐catechol as an inhibitor were carried out to yield the corresponding polymers in good yields. The properties (solubilities, T g , and temperature of 10% weight loss) of the products obtained from the polymer reaction were different from these of poly( 1 ). © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Properties of CdSe nanocrystal dispersions in the dilute regime: Structure and interparticle interactions (1998)

We report an investigation of the properties of CdSe nanocrystal dispersions using small-angle x-ray scattering. These nanocrystals are prepared from organometallic precursors using high-temperature solution chemistry. The study provides direct and accurate measures of the nanocrystal size and size distribution. The low polydispersity measured confirms the high quality of the nanocrystals prepared using a high-temperature solution chemistry route, as anticipated from optical data. The study also provides information on the interparticle interactions and their dependence on a few relevant parameters, such as nature of the capping molecules and solvent. Nanocrystal association, e.g., dimers, in dispersions characterized by weakly attractive interactions, and/or aggregation in solutions with strong attractions, can be observed. The study also unveiled other features where interactions are reversed from repulsive stabilizing to attractive as the particle size is decreased. This behavior, unexpected for colloidal dispersions, may be caused by a reduction of the cap density as the size is decreased. The general trend for the interparticle interactions in these dispersions can be understood within the framework of a van der Waals core to core attractive potential, to which are superposed effects of cap affinity to the core and to the surrounding solvent. Within these considerations, one can distinguish three types of dispersions: sterically stabilized dispersions, dispersions thermodynamically stable but governed by weak attractions, and unstable dispersions where strong attractions induce macroscopic aggregation.
Temperature and field dependencies of galvanomagnetic effects in graphite (1977)

Abstract In zero magnetic field the electrical resistivity, ρ(0, T), of highly-oriented-pyrolytic (polycrystalline) graphite decreases monotonically with decreasing temperature, becoming nearly constant below about 4 Kelvin. However, in an applied field, Bz, the transverse resistivity component, ρxx(Bz, T), goes through a maximum as a function of temperature at about 25°K. The size of the maximum increases as the field increases. A natural single crystal of graphite also exibits a maximum, but it is modified by Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of ρxx. We show that the maximum of ρxx at fixed field is directly related to the unexpected field dependence of ρxx at low temperatures reported in earlier work, where it was observed that the transverse conductivity component, σxx(∼- 1/ρxx), decreases more slowly with field than expected on the basis of a simple two-band model. Calculations of the field and temperature dependence of σxx in graphite are needed, for fields just below and in the quantum limit.
Late-occurring and Long-circulating Metabolites of GABAA2,3 Receptor Modulator AZD7325 Involving Metabolic Cyclization and Aromatization: Relevance to MIST Analysis and Application for Patient Compliance (2018)

AZD7325 [4-amino-8-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)-<i>N</i>-propylcinnoline-3-carboxamide] is a selective GABA<sub>A</sub><i><sub>α</sub></i><sub>2,3</sub> receptor modulator intended for the treatment of anxiety disorders through oral administration. An interesting metabolic cyclization and aromatization pathway led to the tricyclic core of M9, i.e., 2-ethyl-7-(2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl)pyrimido[5,4-c]cinnolin-4(3H)-one. Further oxidative metabolism generated M10 via <i>O</i>-demethylation and M42 via hydroxylation. An authentic standard of M9 was synthesized to confirm the novel structure of M9 and that of M10 and M42 by liver microsomal incubation of the M9 standard. Metabolites M9, M10, and M42 were either minor or absent in plasma samples after a single dose; however, all became major metabolites in human and preclinical animal plasma after repeated doses and circulated in humans longer than 48 hours after the end of seven repeated doses. The absence of these long circulating metabolites from selected patients' plasma samples was used to demonstrate patient noncompliance as the cause of unexpected lack of drug exposure in some patients during a Phase IIb outpatient clinical study. The observation of late-occurring and long-circulating metabolites demonstrates the need to collect plasma samples at steady state after repeated doses when conducting metabolite analysis for the safety testing of drug metabolites. All 12 major nonconjugate metabolites of AZD7325 observed in human plasma at steady state were also observed in dog, rat, and mouse plasma samples collected from 3-month safety studies and at higher exposures in the animals than humans. This eliminated concern about human specific or disproportional metabolites.
Text analysis and knowledge mining (2009)

As the use of IT systems expands, growing amounts of textual data are being generated, stored, and searched. This trend is widely believed to be causing information overload. Although the increase of accessible data is intended to increase our knowledge and yield insights for better actions, the data glut is making it hard to find meaning. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a key technology to exploit text data, so applications for NLP are increasing rapidly. Such applications often exploit text mining, but they involve a broad range of NLP technologies as the applications develop. This new trend is generating new demands for NLP that require more research.
Role of the F-box protein Skp2 in lymphomagenesis (2001)

The F-box protein Skp2 (S-phase kinase-associated protein 2) positively regulates the G(1)-S transition by controlling the stability of several G(1) regulators, such as the cell cycle inhibitor p27. We show here that Skp2 expression correlates directly with grade of malignancy and inversely with p27 levels in human lymphomas. To directly evaluate the potential of Skp2 to deregulate growth in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing Skp2 targeted to the T-lymphoid lineage as well as double transgenic mice coexpressing Skp2 and activated N-Ras. A strong cooperative effect between these two transgenes induced T cell lymphomas with shorter latency and higher penetrance, leading to significantly decreased survival when compared with control and single transgenic animals. Furthermore, lymphomas of Nras single transgenic animals often expressed higher levels of endogenous Skp2 than tumors of double transgenic mice. This study provides evidence of a role for an F-box protein in oncogenesis and establishes SKP2 as a protooncogene causally involved in the pathogenesis of lymphomas.
Analysis of pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cells applications operated in zero-current-slope mode (2010)

In fuel cells applications, current-ripple reduction is essential for conversion efficiency and life span. This paper analyzes the pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cells applications operated in zero-current-slope mode. As the result, in zero-current-slope operation mode, input-current-ripple is reduced. Furthermore, in this operation mode, the parameters of series LC circuit which is worked as ripple canceling are less values.
NeuroChat with Professor Kyle Emmitte (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNeuroChat with Professor Kyle EmmitteCraig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2020, 11, 2, 99–100Publication Date (Web):January 15, 2020Publication History Published online15 January 2020Published inissue 15 January 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00582https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00582editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views789Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (699 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Drug discovery,Medicinal chemistry,Optimization,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
The influence of caption features on clickthrough patterns in web search (2007)

Web search engines present lists of captions, comprising title, snippet, and URL, to help users decide which search results to visit. Understanding the influence of features of these captions on Web search behavior may help validate algorithms and guidelines for their improved generation. In this paper we develop a methodology to use clickthrough logs from a commercial search engine to study user behavior when interacting with search result captions. The findings of our study suggest that relatively simple caption features such as the presence of all terms query terms, the readability of the snippet, and the length of the URL shown in the caption, can significantly influence users' Web search behavior.
Glucose-Driven Fuel Cell Constructed from Enzymes and Filter Paper (2011)

A glucose-driven enzymatic filter-paper fuel cell is described. A strip of filter paper coated with carbon nanotubes and the glucose oxidase enzyme functions as the anode of the enzyme fuel cell. Another strip of filter paper coated with carbon nanotubes and the laccase enzyme functions as the cathode. Between the anode and the cathode, a third strip of filter paper is placed that holds the glucose, which is the fuel, and that allows the transport of ions. The design of the cell is simple, and all the materials used for the construction are readily available and biocompatible. The cell utilizes the oxidation of glucose to generate electricity and is useful to demonstrate how chemical energy can be converted to electrical energy.
Canine faecal pancreatic elastase (cE1) in dogs with clinical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, normal dogs and dogs with chronic enteropathies (2000)

Faecal canine pancreatic elastase (cE1) concen- tration was measured in faeces samples of dogs with clinical exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI), nor- mal dogs of different breeds, normal Beagles, Ger- man Shepherd Dogs (GSD), Rough Coated Collies (RCC) and dogs with chronic enteropathies. Using single day faeces samples median faecal cE1 con- centration was 1.6 µg/g (0-18.0) in dogs with clini- cal EPI, 253.2 µg/g (0-3952.0) in normal dogs, 618.2 µg/g (6.6-2929.0) in Beagles, 49.0 µg/g (0- 567.0) in GSD/RCC and 360.0 µg/g (0-3472.0) in dogs with chronic enteropathies. Using faeces sam- ples from three consecutive days median faecal cE1 values were 1.3 µg/g (0-10.8) in dogs with clinical EPI, 410.3 µg/g (111.0-1721.0) in Beagles, 49.0 µg/g (1.9-567.0 µg/g) in GSD/RCC and 262.0 µg/g (30.0-1694.0 µg/g) in dogs with enteropathies. It is concluded that faecal cE1 determination can be used to diagnose or exclude clinical EPI in dogs with chronic diarrhoea.
Singular Value Decomposition of a Matrix-Valued Impulse Response (2006)

The singular value decomposition (SVD), a standard tool for theoretical and computational matrix analysis, represents a matrix as an ordered product of a unitary matrix, a nonnegative, real diagonal matrix, and a second unitary matrix. Our contribution is to extend the SVD representation to a matrix-valued impulse response. The representation involves a countably infinite number of vector-valued eigenfunctions and scalar singular values, and it provides the most concise and elegant description of the action of a matrix-valued filter (for example, a space-time communication channel) when driven by a finite-duration input signal.
Dimension optimization on mutual coupling reduction between two L-shaped folded monopole antennas for handset using PSO (2012)

This study introduces a method of using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to optimum design for an antenna array consisted of two L-shaped folded monopole antennas (LFMA), which operate in the 2.4 GHz (2400~2484 MHz) IEEE 802.11 b/g band of WLAN. By proposing an efficient multi-objective function to PSO, LFMA array is optimized to an effective optimal shape which has the mutual coupling between two antennas reduced largely and the entire physical volume miniaturized to 55 % of the fundamental model.
Sub‐optimal proton pump inhibitor dosing is prevalent in patients with poorly controlled gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease (2006)

In this study, 54% of patients dosed proton pump inhibitors sub-optimally and only 12% dosed in a manner that maximized acid suppression. As sub-optimal proton pump inhibitor dose timing can limit efficacy, patients with refractory symptoms should be asked about dose timing to avoid inappropriate and costly dose escalations.
Glucose-Independent Ethnic Differences in HbA1c in People Without Known Diabetes (2012)

People of African ethnicity from Rodrigues have higher HbA1c than those of South Asian or African ethnicity from the main island of Mauritius for reasons not explained by plasma glucose during an OGTT or traditional factors known to affect glycemia. Further research should be directed at determining the mechanism behind this disparity and its relevance to clinical outcomes.
A Review of Grid Impacts, Demand Side Issues and Planning Related to Electric Vehicle Charging (2021)

To meet climate change targets and reduce air pollution, the global passenger vehicle sector is in the process of being electrified. To sustain this process, increased levels of publicly available electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure (CI), are required. This must be done in a manner that meets the charging demands of EV users in both spatial and temporal dimensions. However, meeting charging demands presents challenges in terms of EV CI planning and charging service operation. In addition, large-scale charging demands could compromise the stable and economic operation of the power grid. In order to mitigate grid impacts and overcome demand-side issues, it is crucial to deploy CI strategically and to operate charging services properly. The objective of this paper is to aid readers by reviewing research in this area. Accordingly, this paper summarizes grid impact and demand-side issues, before relating these issues to the literature on CI planning and the operational strategies of EV charging service provision.
Internet Fish (1996)

I have invented Fish, a novel class of resource-discovery tools designed to help users extract useful information from the Internet. Internet Fish (IF scISH) are semi-autonomous, persistent information brokers; users deploy individual IF scISH to gather and refine information related to a particular topic. An IF scISH will initiate research, continue to discover new sources of information, and keep tabs on new developments in that topic. As part of the information-gathering process the user interacts with his IF scISH to find out what it has learned, answer questions it has posed, and make suggestions for guidance.
Internet Fish differ from other Internet resource discovery systems in that they are persistent, personal and dynamic. As part of the information-gathering process IF scISH conduct extended, long-term conversations with users as they explore. They incorporate deep structural knowledge of the organization and services of the net, and are also capable of on-the-fly reconfiguration, modification and expansion. Human users may dynamically change the IF scISH in response to changes in the environment, or IF scISH may initiate such changes itself. IF scISH maintain internal state, including models of its own structure, behavior, information environment and its user; these models permit an IF scISH to perform meta-level reasoning about its own structure.
To facilitate rapid assembly of particular IF scISH I have created the Internet Fish Construction Kit. This system provides enabling technology for the entire class of Internet Fish tools; it facilitates both creation of new IF scISH as well as additions of new capabilities to existing ones. The Construction Kit includes a collection of encapsulated heuristic knowledge modules that may be combined in mix-and-match fashion to create a particular IF scISH; interfaces to new services written with the Construction Kit may be immediately added to live IF scISH.
Using the Construction Kit I have created a demonstration IF scISH specialized for finding World-Wide Web documents related to a given group of documents. This Finder IF scISH includes heuristics that describe how to interact with the Web in general, explain how to take advantage of various public indexes and classification schemes, and provide a method for discovering similarity relationships among documents. (Copies available exclusively from MIT Libraries, Rm. 14-0551, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307. Ph. 617-253-5668; Fax 617-253-1690.)
Complex hydrides for hydrogen storage (2023)

A hydrogen storage material and process of forming the material is provided in which complex hydrides are combined under conditions of elevated temperatures and/or elevated temperature and pressure with a titanium metal such as titanium butoxide. The resulting fused product exhibits hydrogen desorption kinetics having a first hydrogen release point which occurs at normal atmospheres and at a temperature between 50.degree. C. and 90.degree. C.
Centralized Coordination in DenseWireless Indoor Communication Networks (2015)

In this paper, a coordination strategy for a system of distributed multi-antenna access points (APs) deployed in large enterprise or conference environments is presented. Considering specific indoor-specific propagation effects, multiple transmit antennas per AP can be exploited to focus the radiated energy in specific directions, which is denoted as beam steering. By using coordinated beam steering at different AP-locations, the spatial signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) pattern can be adapted (shaped) to provide high coverage/capacity for varying user distributions over time. Using a centralized network controller (NC), the interaction between the NC and the APs comprises the compound selection of transmit precoder (beamformer) over the subcarriers of the orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) system on long-term timescale, whereas each AP performs independent radio resource management (RRM). An adaptive beamsetbandwidth partitioning scheme is presented, where coordinated beamsets on orthogonal subchannels are exploited to re-configure the network adaptively to a changing user distribution based specific network performance indicator (NPI).
Fabrication of SiC nanopillars by inductively coupled SF6/O2 plasma etching (2012)

International audience
A diagnostic assay for the endogenous ALV‐type provirus ALVE‐NSAC‐3 of chickens (2008)

Figure S1 Diagnostics performed using the PCR assay for ALVE-NSAC-3. Please note: Blackwell Publishing is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.