gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemoimmuno-Therapy with Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide and Alemtuzumab in Patients with Relapsed/Refractory CLL: Interim Analysis of the CLL2L Trial of the German CLL Study Group (2008)

Abstract Introduction: Purine nucleoside combination therapy has become the standard treatment approach in B-CLL. In order to enhance efficacy, various combinations with monoclonal antibodies are under investigation. As alemtuzumab has proven to be the most effective antibody in CLL treatment, we developed a multicenter phase II trial combining fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and alemtuzumab in a 4-weekly schedule Methods: Fludarabine 25mg/m2 iv, cyclophosphamide 200mg/m2 iv and alemtuzumab 30 mg sc were given on days 1 – 3 and repeated on day 29 for up to six cycles. A 2-day escalation of alemtuzumab was administered prior to the first cycle. Minimal residual disease (MRD) was measured by 4-color flow cytometry. Antiinfective prophylaxis consisted of TMP-SMZ DS twice daily 3d/wk and valacyclovir during and at least two months after completion of treatment. CMV antigen in blood was tested in 14-days intervals. Results: A total of 55 patients of a planned sample size of 61 patients were included in this phase-II study so far, of which 24 patients are evaluable for response and safety analysis. Median age is 63 (range 47–78) years with a medium number of 1 prior regimen; 19/24 patients completed at least four cycles with a median number of 5 cycles. Pretreatment consisted of fludarabine (8/24), fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (13/24) or rituximab combinations (3/24). Thrombocytopenia and neutropenia were the most serious side effects and detailed data will be presented. 3 CMV-reactivations, 1 Herpes-zoster-reactivation and 12 fever of unknown origin have been reported. The overall response rate was 83% with 9 CR(6 CRu) (38%), 9 PR (46%), 3 SD and 1 PD, response was independent of FISH status. A correlation of response with prior treatment was observed, with 100% ORR for fludarabine pre-treatment versus only 77% for those patients pretreated with fludarabine and cyclophosphamide. Updated data of 30 patients and MRD data will be presented. Conclusions: The concomitant application of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and alemtuzumab appears as a safe and effective approach for patients with relapsed CLL.
Ruthenium-indenylidene initiators for living ring opening metathesis polymerisation (2009)

The applicability of ruthenium-indenylidene complexes in olefin metathesis polymerisations, in particular in ring opening metathesis polymerisation is discussed in this report. An indenylidene based alternative to state of the art initiators is introduced and the scope of this compound is discussed by means of application in block copolymer synthesis.
On the Structure of Amorphous Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles by Aberration‐Corrected STEM (2018)

Mesoporous silica materials have demonstrated a vast spectrum of applications, stimulating an intensive field of study due to their potential use as nanocarriers. Nonetheless, when produced at the nanoscale, their structural characterization is hindered due to the re-arrangement of the pores. To address this issue, this work combines molecular dynamics simulations with electron microscopy computer simulations and experimental results to provide an insight into the structure of amorphous mesoporous silica nanoparticles. The amorphous silica model is prepared using a simple melt-quench molecular dynamics method, while the reconstruction of the mesoporous nanoparticles is carried out using a methodology to avoid false symmetry in the final model. Simulated scanning transmission electron microscopy images are compared with experimental images, revealing the existence of structural domains, created by the misalignment of the pores to compensate the surface tension of these spherical nanoparticles.
Comparison between a nurse-led weaning protocol and weaning based on physician’s clinical judgment in tracheostomized critically ill patients: a pilot randomized controlled clinical trial (2018)

In this pilot RCT we demonstrated that a nurse-led weaning protocol from tracheostomy was feasible and safe. A larger RCT is justified to assess efficacy.
Stem Cell Therapy Remediates Reconstruction of the Craniofacial Skeleton After Radiation Therapy (2013)

This study utilized transplanted bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as a cellular replacement therapy to remedy radiation-induced injury and restore impaired new bone formation during distraction osteogenesis (DO). BMSC therapy brought about the successful generation of new bone and significantly improved both the rate and quality of a bony union of irradiated, distracted [X-ray radiation therapy (XRT)/DO] murine mandibles to the level of nonirradiated DO animals. The bone mineral density and bone volume fraction were also significantly improved by the BMSC replacement therapy showing no difference when compared to nonirradiated animals. Finally, a biomechanical analysis examining the yield, failure load, and ultimate load also demonstrated a significantly improved structural integrity in BMSC-treated XRT/DO mandibles over XRT/DO alone. These results indicate that administration of BMSCs intraoperatively to a radiated distraction gap can function as an adequate stimulant to rescue the ability for irradiated bone to undergo DO and produce a healed regenerate of a vastly superior quality and strength. We believe that the fundamental information on the optimization of bone regeneration in the irradiated mandible provided by this work has immense potential to be translated from the bench to the bedside to lead to improved therapeutic options for patients suffering from the disastrous sequelae of radiation therapy.
131‐Oxophorbine protopheophorbide A from Ziziphus lotus as a novel mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor receptor inhibitory lead for the control of breast tumor growth in vitro and in vivo (2018)

The failure of chemotherapy especially in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients has been correlated with the overexpression of the mesenchymal‐epithelial transition factor (c‐Met) receptor. Thus, the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c‐Met signaling axis has gained considerable attention as a valid molecular target for breast cancer therapy. This study reports for the first time the discovery of the 13 1 ‐oxophorbines pheophorbide A and protopheophorbide A along with chlorophyllide A from Ziziphus lotus , an edible typical Tunisian plant, as the potent antiproliferative compounds against the human breast cancer cells MDA‐MB‐231 and MCF‐7. Compared to other compounds, protopheophorbide A exerted the highest light‐independent antiproliferative effect against the metastatic TNBC MDA‐MB‐231 cells (IC 50 = 6.5 μM). In silico, this compound targeted the kinase domain of multiple c‐Met crystal structures. It potently inhibited the kinase domain phosphorylation of wild and mutant c‐Met in Z‐LYTE kinase assay. Protopheophorbide A inhibited HGF‐induced downstream c‐Met‐dependent cell proliferation, survival, adhesion and migration through RAF/MEK/ERK and PI3K/PTEN/AKT signaling pathways modulation, ROS generation and activation of JNK and p38 pathways. Interestingly, this compound impaired the ability of the MDA‐MB‐231 cells to adhere at different extracellular matrix proteins by reducing the HGF‐induced expression of integrins αv, β3, α2, and β1. Moreover, protopheophorbide A exhibited anti‐migratory properties (IC 50 = 2.2 μM) through impacting the expression levels of E‐cadherin, vimentin, β‐catenin, FAK, Brk, Rac, and Src proteins. Importantly, treatment with protopheophorbide A significantly inhibited the MDA‐MB‐231 tumor growth in vivo. Our results suggest that protopheophorbide A could be a novel c‐Met inhibitory lead with promise to control c‐Met/HGF‐dependent breast malignancies.
Resilient Distributed Estimation: Sensor Attacks (2017)

This paper studies multi-agent distributed estimation under sensor attacks. Individual agents make sensor measurements of an unknown parameter belonging to a compact set, and, at every time step, a fraction of the agents' sensor measurements may fall under attack and take arbitrary values. We present the Saturated Innovation Update ($\mathcal{SIU}$) algorithm for distributed estimation resilient to sensor attacks. Under the iterative $\mathcal{SIU}$ algorithm, if less than one half of the agent sensors fall under attack, then, all of the agents' estimates converge at a polynomial rate (with respect to the number of iterations) to the true parameter. The resilience of $\mathcal{SIU}$ to sensor attacks does not depend on the topology of the inter-agent communication network, as long as it remains connected. We demonstrate the performance of $\mathcal{SIU}$ with numerical examples.
Patch-based compression for Time-Varying Meshes (2010)

This paper proposes intra-frame and inter-frame coding algorithms for 3D mesh sequences generated by multiple cameras, which we call Time-Varying Meshes (TVMs). For this purpose, mesh segmentation into patches with patch alignment using principal component analysis (PCA) is proposed. The patches are used as minimum units to eliminate spatial and temporal correlation of the TVMs. For intraframe coding of geometry data, spectral compression using the Kirchhoff matrix was employed and that of color texture was conducted using vector quantization (VQ). The inter-frame coding of geometry data and color texture was achieved by the combination of patch-based matching and simple scalar quantization. The intra- and inter-frame coding are compared to the previous works and demonstrated promising results.
Antenna and frequency diversity in the unmanned aircraft systems bands for the over-sea setting (2014)

The use of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) is expected to grow rapidly in the next decade, and because of this, there are many UAS research, development, testing, and standardization efforts underway. A key concern in all this work is safety, and this has direct implications for the control and non-payload communication (CNPC) systems that must be used to operate UAS in the national airspace. Another key concern is sufficient (and protected) spectrum for UAS, and at present there are two bands in the United States, and potentially internationally: the L-band (960-977 MHz) and C-band (5030-5091 MHz). In any wireless system, the wireless channel can severely impair performance because of dispersion and time variation. Thus in order to design highly reliable CNPC systems, a thorough quantitative knowledge of the air-ground (AG) channel is required. Historically, AG channel research addressed simple cases and short duration, narrowband signals. Yet for UAS that may operate in more complex settings (e.g., low elevation angles, near ground clutter, etc.) and use wider bandwidth CNPC signals, more accurate representations of the AG channel are required. This paper addresses this topic via the quantification of channel characteristics for one of the simplest AG channels: the over-sea setting. We report on measurements conducted as part of a project sponsored by NASA. These measurements in the over-sea environment collected simultaneous wideband channel characteristics (impulse responses) in both L-band and C-band. This was done with a ground based transmitter, and two separate antennas in each band on the aircraft. Thus these measurements allow us to assess both spatial and frequency diversity for both straight and curved flight trajectories. We briefly describe the project and the measurements, and provide a short overview of our recently-published results for propagation path loss, delay spread, and correlations across antennas. We also quantify small-scale fading effects and the diversity attainable across both frequencies and antennas. We conclude with a short description of the statistical models being developed for the various AG channel settings.
CLASSICAL, NONLOCAL, AND FRACTIONAL DIFFUSION EQUATIONS ON BOUNDED DOMAINS (2011)

The purpose of this paper is to compare the solutions of one-dimensional boundary value problems corresponding to classical, fractional, and nonlocal diffusion on bounded domains. The latter two diffusions are viable alternatives for anomalous diffusion when Fick's first law is an inaccurate model. In the case of nonlocal diffusion, a generalization of Fick's first law in terms of a nonlocal flux is demonstrated to hold. A relationship between nonlocal and fractional diffusion is also reviewed, where the order of the fractional Laplacian can lie in the interval (0, 2]. The contribution of this paper is to present boundary value problems for nonlocal diffusion including a variational formulation that leads to a conforming finite-element method using piecewise discontinuous shape functions. The nonlocal Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions used represent generalizations of the classical boundary conditions. Several examples are given where the effect of nonlocality is studied. The relationship between nonlocal and fractional diffusion explains that the numerical solution of boundary value problems, where the order of the fractional Laplacian can lie in the interval (0, 2], is possible.
Visualizing Mitochondrial FoF1-ATP Synthase as the Target of the Immunomodulatory Drug Bz-423 (2018)

Targeting the mitochondrial enzyme FoF1-ATP synthase and modulating its catalytic activities with small molecules is a promising new approach for treatment of autoimmune diseases. The immunomodulatory compound Bz-423 is such a drug that binds to subunit OSCP of the mitochondrial FoF1-ATP synthase and induces apoptosis via increased reactive oxygen production in coupled, actively respiring mitochondria. Here we review the experimental progress to reveal the binding of Bz-423 to the mitochondrial target and discuss how subunit rotation of FoF1-ATP synthase is affected by Bz-423. Briefly, we report how Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) can be employed to colocalize the enzyme and the fluorescently tagged Bz-423 within the mitochondria of living cells with nanometer resolution.
Sintering of Polydisperse Nanometer-Sized Agglomerates (1997)

ABSTRACT In order to evaluate the sintering characteristics of polydisperse TiO2 and SiO2 fractal agglomerates consisting of nm-sized primary particles (nanoparticles), the change in size distribution of agglomerates in a heated pipe is measured using a differential mobility analyzer and a condensation nucleus counter. Change in the structure and the primary particle size of the agglomerates collected by a thermophoretic aerosol sampler is also measured by the transmission electron microscopy as a function of furnace temperature. Coalescence of the agglomerates and the growth of primary particles due to sintering are observed at temperatures corresponding to 50%–100% of the bulk melting points of the particle material. To model the changes in the size distribution of agglomerates and primary particles due to sintering, two-dimensional sectional representation of the size distribution is employed, and the population balance equation for sintering is solved numerically. The calculated results, considering a well-defined temperature history of the agglomerates, successfully explain the observed changes in the particle-size distribution and agglomerate structure.
Transcriptional profile of right ventricular tissue during acute pulmonary embolism in rats (2008)

Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is the third leading cause of cardiovascular death in the United States. Moderate to severe PE can cause pulmonary arterial hypertension (PH) with resultant right ventricular (RV) heart damage. The mechanisms leading to RV failure after PE are not well defined, although it is becoming clear that PH-induced inflammatory responses are involved. We previously demonstrated profound neutrophil-mediated inflammation and RV dysfunction during PE that was associated with increased expression of several chemokine genes. However, a complete assessment of transcriptional changes in RVs during PE is still lacking. We have now used DNA microarrays to assess the alterations in gene expression in RV tissue during acute PE/PH in rats. Key results were confirmed with real-time RT-PCR. Nine CC-chemokine genes (CCL-2, -3, -4, -6, -7, -9, -17, -20, -27), five CXC-chemokine genes (CXCL-1, -2, -9, -10, -16), and the receptors CCR1 and CXCR4 were upregulated after 18 h of moderate PE, while one C-chemokine (XCL-1) and one CXC-chemokine (CXCL-12) were downregulated. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses indicated increased expression of many inflammatory genes. There was also a major shift in the expression of components of metabolic pathways, including downregulation of fatty acid transporters and oxidative enzymes, a change in glucose transporters, and upregulation of stretch-sensing and hypoxia-inducible transcription factors. This pattern suggests an extensive shift in cardiac physiology favoring the expression of the "fetal gene program."
USVL531-MDR: Watermelon Germplasm Line with Broad Resistance to Powdery Mildew and Phytophthora Fruit Rot (2023)

USVL531-MDR is a multiple diseaseresistant (MDR) watermelon (Citrullus mucosospermus; Syn: Citrullus lanatus var. lanatus) germplasm line that exhibits high levels of resistance to a broad range of isolates of cucurbit powdery mildew (Podosphaera xanthii) and Phytophthora capsica that cause Phytophthora fruit rot. In comparison, the watermelon cultivar Mickey Lee and watermelon germplasm line USVL677-PMS are highly susceptible to P. xanthii and P. capsici. The hypocotyls, cotyledons, and true leaves of USVL531-MDR are highly resistant to powdery mildew compared with those of USVL677-PMS and Mickey Lee, on which severe powdery mildew and abundant development of conidia can be observed. Resistance to Phytophthora fruit rot is expressed as significantly reduced or very small (#0.7 mm) to no lesion development, rot, or pathogen sporulation on the fruit compared with large lesions, severe rot, and heavy sporulation on fruit of susceptible watermelon cultivars such as Mickey Lee and Sugar Baby. USVL531-MDR has uniform growth characteristics, fruit size, shape, and color. Commercial watermelon cultivar with resistance to both powdery mildew and Phytophthora fruit rot are not currently available; therefore, USVL531-MDR can be a useful source for incorporating resistance in commercially acceptable cultivars. USVL531-MDR can be easily crossed with commercial watermelon cultivars to develop breeding populations.
Precision analysis of stochastic pulse encoding algorithms for neural networks (2003)

The authors present mathematical results related to recent neural network algorithms employing stochastic pulse encoding. In such algorithms, neural activations and connection weights are encoded as stochastic streams of pulses, where the average density represents the signal or weight value. The authors show the precise form of expected output for two- and three-input neurons, and describe these functions in the limit for a large number of inputs. They address a fundamental limitation inherent in these stochastic techniques: their finite precision. The precision is dependent upon the pulse averaging period-the longer this period (i.e. the larger the number of pulses sampled), the higher the precision. The authors derived exact expressions for the distribution of neural periods as well as a statistical analysis to find the averaging period required for precision of five bits-a resolution determined by others to be necessary for successful implementations of backpropagation. It is found that approximately=1000 pulses are required for 5-b precision. These results reveal fundamental limits in speed and memory requirements for stochastic pulse implementations of neural learning algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Optical FM-CW signal generation for millimeter-wave imaging and OFDR applications (2013)

For high-precision imaging by radio, a millimeter wave (MMW) is a promising candidate owing to its short wavelength and broad range of available bandwidths. However, high atmospheric attenuation in the MMW band strictly limits the transmission distance, and a lossy conventional coaxial cable cannot configure a network for the distribution of a signal. Radio-over-fiber (RoF) technology based on optical fiber communication aids in realizing easy signal distribution with a low-loss optical fiber [1]. Moreover, a recent optical modulation technique can form an MMW signal precisely at a frequency greater than 100 GHz, with broadband optical modulators and photodetectors [2]. In this study, we demonstrate optical-MMW signal generation for highly accurate frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FM-CW) radar as well as optical frequency domain refiectometry (OFDR).
An integrated nanoplasmonic biosensor for monitoring cytokine secretion from single cells (2019)

An innovative nanoplasmonic biosensor was presented for real-time label-free monitoring of cytokine secretion at single-cell resolution. This biosensor is integrated with a uniquely designed microfluidic device that provides a microchamber for cell incubation and fluid regulation for stable live cell monitoring. Different spatiotemporal profiles of interleukin-2 secretion were observed from single lymphoma cells. This novel configuration of label-free biosensor is promising for single-cell related studies.
Calreticulin: Roles in Cell-Surface Protein Expression (2014)

In order to perform their designated functions, proteins require precise subcellular localizations. For cell-surface proteins, such as receptors and channels, they are able to transduce signals only when properly targeted to the cell membrane. Calreticulin is a multi-functional chaperone protein involved in protein folding, maturation, and trafficking. However, evidence has been accumulating that calreticulin can also negatively regulate the surface expression of certain receptors and channels. In these instances, depletion of calreticulin enhances cell-surface expression and function. In this review, we discuss the role of calreticulin with a focus on its negative effects on the expression of cell-surface proteins.
Adalimumab Therapy maintains meaningful rates of steroid-free remission in patients with Crohnʼs Disease for up to 3 Years of Therapy: Results From an Open-Label Extension of CHARM (2009)

PurposeAdalimumab, a fully human anti-tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody, is approved for the treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and has been shown to induce and maintain remission in patients with CD. In CHARM, adalimumab demonstrated a steroid-sparing effect. Steroid-free remission was sustained through 1 year of adalimumab therapy in patients who were receiving steroids at baseline.1 The rates of steroid-free remission for patients who continued treatment with adalimumab for an additional 2 years (total length of therapy, 3 years) in ADHERE (Additional Long-Term Dosing With HUMIRA® to Evaluate Sustained Remission and Efficacy in CD), an ongoing, open-label extension trial of the CHARM (Crohn's Trial of the Fully Human Antibody Adalimumab for Remission Maintenance) trial, are described here.