gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancement of phenolic polymer properties by use of ethylene glycol as diluent (2004)

Abstract One application of phenolic resins is for the inner lining of multilayered composites in fire critical applications. Typically such resins contain water as a diluent to facilitate injection and mold filling. Although water is effective in controlling the viscosity, its evaporation from the resin during cure has been found to cause microvoids in the cured resin that are 8–10 μm in size. These voids are believed to affect the properties of the final product. In addition to the initial water content, evolution of water also takes place as a result of cure. In this study, we investigated the effects of processing parameters such as cure temperature, postcure temperature, catalyst concentration, and the use of ethylene glycol as a replacement diluent on water loss, microvoid distribution, and consequently, the mechanical properties. Weight loss during cure was followed by using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to obtain images of cured resin showing the microvoids. The properties that have been obtained for comparison are density, flexural modulus and strength, and fracture toughness. It has been shown that modification of the resin by removing the initial water of a commercial resin system and adding ethylene glycol as a replacement has the most significant effect on the microvoids as well as the properties of the polymer. A decrease in void content and increase in density along with a significant improvement in flexural modulus and fracture toughness have been observed upon replacement of water with ethylene glycol. This is significant because of the importance of the phenolic layer to the overall mechanical performance of a hybrid composite. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 3096–3106, 2004
An experimental re-investigation of the role of aromatic–aromatic interactions in a templated synthesis of a macrocyclic pseudopeptide (2007)

The experimental re-investigation of a reported synthesis of a macrocyclic pseudopeptide promoted by bis(tetrabutylammonium)terephthalate allowed us to elucidate the nature of the non-bonding interactions between the reagents and the template; while the involvement of aromatic-aromatic interactions could be ruled out, the relevance of the role of the carboxylate ion was confirmed.
Evaluation of a Ventricular Assist Device (2012)

Improved outcomes and quality of life of heart failure patients have been reported with the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs). However, little information exists regarding devices in patients undergoing radiation cancer treatment. Two HeartWare Ventricular Assist Device (HVAD) pumps were repeatedly irradiated with high intensity 18 MV x-rays to a dosage range of 64-75 Gy at a rate of 6 Gy/min from a radiation oncology particle accelerator to determine operational stability. Pump parameter data was collected through a data acquisition system. Second, a computerized tomography (CT) scan was taken of the device, and a treatment planning computer estimated characteristics of dose scattering and attenuation. Results were then compared with actual radiation measurements. The devices exhibited no changes in pump operation during the procedure, though the titanium components of the HVAD markedly attenuate the therapy beam. Computer modeling indicated an 11.8% dose change in the absorbed dosage that was distinctly less than the 84% dose change measured with detectors. Simulated and measured scattering processes were negligible. Computer modeling underestimates pretreatment dose to patients when the device is in the field of radiation. Future x-ray radiation dosimetry and treatment planning in HVAD patients should be carefully managed by radiation oncology specialists.
Analysis of a variable-speed wind energy conversion scheme with doubly-fed induction generator (2003)

In the last decade, the high penetration of wind turbines into the power system has been closely related to the advancement of wind turbine technology and control. The electric system contained by a large wind turbine, as well as within an offshore wind farm with hundreds of MW power capacity, has become more and more important in the interaction between the mechanical system of the wind turbine and the main power system. Furthermore, power electronics is entering the wind turbine circuitry which improves the controllability. The work presented in this paper has the main objective of extending the ability of the existing wind turbine design tools, in order to simulate the dynamic behaviour of wind turbines and the wind turbine–grid interaction.
Pristine Graphene Microspheres by the Spreading and Trapping of Graphene at an Interface (2019)

The interfacial spreading and exfoliation of graphene was used to create low-density, hollow microspheres defined by a thin shell of graphene. The spheres were templated by a thermodynamically driven self-assembly process in which graphite spontaneously exfoliated and spread at the high-energy interfaces of a water-in-oil emulsion. Graphene thus acted as a 2D surfactant to stabilize the dispersed water droplets utilized as polymerization templates. Using a mixture of organic solvent and monomer as the emulsion oil phase, polystyrene-coated hollow graphene microspheres were created. These spheres were characterized by optical and electron microscopy, thermo-gravimetric analysis, nanoindentation, and particle sizing. The mechanism leading to the microsphere surface morphology and shape is discussed, with the oil phase composition shown to play a critical role.
Therapeutic neutralizing monoclonal antibody administration protects against lethal yellow fever virus infection (2023)

Yellow fever virus (YFV) is a reemerging global health threat, driven by several factors, including increased spread of the mosquito vector and rapid urbanization. Although a prophylactic vaccine exists, vaccine hesitancy, supply deficits, and distribution difficulties leave specific populations at risk of severe YFV disease, as evidenced by recent outbreaks in South America. To establish a treatment for patients with severe YFV infection, we tested 37 YFV-specific monoclonal antibodies isolated from vaccinated humans and identified two capable of potently neutralizing multiple pathogenic primary YFV isolates. Using both hamster and nonhuman primate models of lethal YFV infection, we demonstrate that a single administration of either of these two potently neutralizing antibodies during acute infection fully controlled viremia and prevented severe disease and death in treated animals. Given the potential severity of YFV-induced disease, our results show that these antibodies could be effective in saving lives and fill a much-needed void in managing YFV cases during outbreaks.
Lysophosphatidic acid attenuates the RhoA/Rho kinase pathway to mediate MMP-2 activation and stress fiber disassembly (2004)

1854 Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) exerts pleitropic biological effects upon binding to the cognate G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) encoded by the endothelial-cell-differentiation-gene (Edg) family members. LPA plays a unique role in the pathobiology of ovarian cancer, because levels of this phospholipid are elevated in the ascites and plasma of women with ovarian cancer. Previously, we reported that LPA stimulates pro-MMP-2 activation, migration, and invasion in epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) cells. In the current study, we investigated the functional link between two processes regulated by LPA: changes in actin microfilament organization and metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. We report the novel finding that, in the DOV13 EOC cell line, LPA downregulates RhoA activity, but Rho GDI does not mediate this repression. Correspondingly, phalloidin staining of actin filaments in three different EOC cell lines shows that LPA triggers the disassembly of stress fibers and focal adhesions, as well as, the formation of peripheral filaments. Consistent with the observed loss of stress fibers and focal adhesions, Western analysis of cellular detergent extracts reveals a decrease in the amount of focal adhesion proteins –talin and vinculin –associated with the actin cytoskeleton (Triton-insoluble proteins) in LPA-treated cells. Furthermore, inhibition of Rho Kinase function with Y-27632 augments LPA-induced loss of stress fibers as well as pro-MMP-2 activation. Disruption of stress fibers with cytochalasin D also enhances LPA-stimulated pro-MMP-2 activation. In contrast, MLCK regulates peripheral filament formation in EOC cells, and inhibition of MLCK with ML-7 had no effect on LPA-induced pro-MMP-2 activation. These results begin to define a model in which LPA facilitates metastasis by coupling central stress fiber disassembly with proteinase activation via downregulation of the RhoA/ROCK pathway.
Interaction of Rhodium(II) carboxylates with molecules of biologic importance. (1976)

Rhodium(II) acetate, propionate, and butyrate showed a considerable variation in their antitumor activity against Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in mice, with the butyrate complex being the most active. The three complexes markedly inhibited DNA synthesis of Ehrlich ascites tumor cells in vivo. Rhodium (II) butyrate was the most potent inhibitor followed by the propionate complex. One hour after administration, rhodium(II) propionate and butyrate induce more uridine-5-3H incorporation into RNA than is seen in the controls. Equilibrium dialysis studied showed that rhodium(II) acetate-1-14C binds to single stranded DNA, poly-A, ribonuclease A, and bovine serum albumin but not to highly polymerized native calf thymus DNA, poly-G, or poly-C. In these cases binding occurred at the two axial positions of rhodium(II) acetate to a nitrogen donor in the ligands. The formation constants of the rhodium(II) acetate and propionate complexes with 5'-adenosine monophosphate were determined. The rhodium(II) propionate complex was more stable. Sedimentation and viscosity measurements of poly-A and poly-A/rhodium(II) acetate complexes indicate a high degree of intramolecular crosslinking in the rhodium(II) acetate/poly-A complex. The rhodium(II) carboxylate complexes were also found to be potent inhibitors of purified DNA polymerase I and RNA polymerase from Escherichia coli.
<title>High-resolution FLC displays for handheld and projection use</title> (1998)

We describe hand-held magnified view and single panel color projection displays based on active matrix ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) technology. The FLC light-modulating layer is placed on top of a reflective CMOS backplane. This geometry effectively takes advantage of the fast switching speed and high resolution possible in a sub-micron thick layer of FLC and fine design rules available in standard CMOS fabs. The fast FLC switching speed allows both gray scale and color to be generated with time sequential addressing. Current FLC materials are well suited to operation with mainstream 5 volt CMOS processes and offer a clear path to compatibility with newer 3.3 and 2.5 V processes. These lower voltages result in lower power consumption and finer design rules allowing for higher density of on-chip electronics such as MPEG2. This option is difficult to achieve in higher voltage processes typical of nematic on VLSI devices. The reflective quarter wave plate design of the display affords a large angular acceptance resulting in flexibility of optical design as well as excellent contrast and throughput vs. viewing angle.
>1.5kW narrow linewidth CW diffraction-limited fiber amplifier with 40nm bandwidth (2016)

Operation from 1030nm to 1070nm in single narrow linewidth fiber amplifier with &gt;1.5kW output power is presented. The fiber amplifier has up to 3m output cable for &lt;15GHz linewidth. The fiber amplifier in the ruggedized compact modular package has 40% wall-plug efficiency. The spectral dependence of higher order mode instability threshold is described.
Potential role of a recently-discovered biologic HDFx in prevention andtreatment of deadly communicable diseases brought to Western societies: Awake-up call (2018)

Currently, Western societies are under a clear assault from the migration of undocumentedillegal people, who are bringing, in many cases, contagious diseases that were eliminated in their countries until very recently. This migration of millions of diseased individuals to the USA and elsewhere has overburdened the healthcare systems, infected thousands of people and their children, and cost millions of dollars per year. This situation clearly represents “a present and clear danger”. If new drugs/vaccines are not designed to combat many of the drugresistant illnesses (e.g. TB, avian flus), now being brought to Western societies, this could result in numerous worldwide plagues, potentially resulting in the deaths of millions of people, and susceptible children, as the current healthcare systems would not be able to handle such huge numbers of infected individuals. Having such a disastrous situation in mind, our laboratories have been working on a new approach to the prevention and treatment of multiple diseases. We have discovered a new, indigenous biologic host-defense molecule which we have termed “HDFx”. HDFx is a conserved protein found in every mammalian species investigated so far, and in addition, it accelerates wound healing. We have found that “HDFx” is protective (to different degrees) against a variety of insults ranging from hemorrhage, trauma, endotoxins, numerous bacteria, toxic fungal microorganisms, and combined injuries to septic shock. A major component of most infectious diseases is the release into the blood stream of numerous, dangerous cytokines (i.e. “cytokine storm”), which HDFx can either prevent or ameliorate in experimental animals subjected to diverse endotoxins, fungi and bacteria.
Thermal characterization of gallium oxide Schottky barrier diodes (2018)

The higher critical electric field of β-gallium oxide (Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) gives promise to the development of next generation power electronic devices with improved size, weight, power, and efficiency over current state-of-the-art wide bandgap devices based on 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN). However, it is expected that Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> devices will encounter serious thermal issues due to the poor thermal conductivity of the material. In this work, self-heating in Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Schottky barrier diodes under different regimes of the diode operation was investigated using diverse optical thermography techniques including thermoreflectance thermal imaging, micro-Raman thermography, and infrared thermal microscopy. 3D coupled electro-thermal modeling was used to validate experimental results and to understand the mechanism of heat generation for the diode structures. Measured top-side and cross-sectional temperature fields suggest that device and circuit engineers should account for the concentrated heat generation that occurs near the anode/Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> interface and/or the lightly doped drift layer under both forward and high voltage reverse bias conditions. Results of this study suggest that electro-thermal co-design techniques and top-side thermal management solutions are necessary to exploit the full potential of the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> material system.
Building Agent-Based Intelligent Workspaces. (2002)

The idea of weaving technology into the backdrop of natural human interactions is a long-standing vision [1]. To realize that dream, a number of technologies need to be developed. Distributed software systems need to allow large numbers of software components to locate and communicate with one another. Interfaces between humans and computers need to enable natural, unencumbered interaction. Environments need to be aware of what users are trying to do so that they can offer appropriate assistance. Intelligent tools and applications need to be built on top of these components. The Intelligent
TB database: an integrated platform for tuberculosis research (2008)

The effective control of tuberculosis (TB) has been thwarted by the need for prolonged, complex and potentially toxic drug regimens, by reliance on an inefficient vaccine and by the absence of biomarkers of clinical status. The promise of the genomics era for TB control is substantial, but has been hindered by the lack of a central repository that collects and integrates genomic and experimental data about this organism in a way that can be readily accessed and analyzed. The Tuberculosis Database (TBDB) is an integrated database providing access to TB genomic data and resources, relevant to the discovery and development of TB drugs, vaccines and biomarkers. The current release of TBDB houses genome sequence data and annotations for 28 different Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and related bacteria. TBDB stores pre- and post-publication gene-expression data from M. tuberculosis and its close relatives. TBDB currently hosts data for nearly 1500 public tuberculosis microarrays and 260 arrays for Streptomyces. In addition, TBDB provides access to a suite of comparative genomics and microarray analysis software. By bringing together M. tuberculosis genome annotation and gene-expression data with a suite of analysis tools, TBDB (http://www.tbdb.org/) provides a unique discovery platform for TB research.
Finite Element Model Development and Validation for Aircraft Fuselage Structures, #54 (2000)

The ability to extend the valid frequency range for finite element based structural dynamic predictions using detailed models of the structural components and attachment interfaces is examined for several stiffened aircraft fuselage structures. This extended dynamic prediction capability is needed for the integration of mid-frequency noise control technology. Beam, plate and solid element models of the stiffener components are evaluated. Attachment models between the stiffener and panel skin range from a line along the rivets of the physical structure to a constraint over the entire contact surface. The finite element models are validated using experimental modal analysis results. The increased frequency range results in a corresponding increase in the number of modes, modal density and spatial resolution requirements. In this study, conventional modal tests using accelerometers are complemented with Scanning Laser Doppler Velocimetry and Electro-Optic Holography measurements to furthe...
ChemInform Abstract: The Behavior of Indene Oxide in the Ritter Reaction: A Simple Route to cis‐Aminoindanol. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of p-on-n GaInP/sub 2//GaAs tandem cells (2002)

We report on the development of p-on-n GaInP/sub 2//GaAs two-terminal, monolithic cascade cells. The devices are of interest for space applications because they have higher efficiencies and power-to-weight ratios than existing single junction devices currently in use, they can be readily used in current satellite array designs, and they are compatible with current manufacturing capabilities at facilities such as the Applied Solar Energy Corporation. The p-on-n cascade cells have been grown at RTI by atmospheric pressure organometallic vapor phase epitaxy at 650/spl deg/C on n-type GaAs. The best device to date, with active area of 0.141 cm/sup 2/, has an active area efficiency of 20.1 percent under AM0 illumination, before an antireflection coating (ARC). Taking into account the ARC and a grid with a 5 percent obscuration, the device projects to a total area efficiency of 25.2 percent, nearly equal to that achieved for n-on-p cells. Devices of area 4 cm/sup 2/ have also been grown. The large-area devices have attained efficiencies of 21.8 percent under AM0 illumination, with ARC.
51.4: Development of Flexible Electrowetting Displays for Stacked Color (2009)

Abstract Electrowetting displays show promise for realizing vividly colorful electronic paper using stacked color layers to obtain high reflectivity. We develop and demonstrate technologies needed to realize stacked displays including (1) strategies for controlling colorant location, (2) incorporating spacers, black surround, and thin seals, and (3) building working modules on flexible substrates.
Application of dynamic synapse neural networks on gunshot recognition (2006)

Identification of acoustic signals in noisy environments remains one of the most difficult of signal processing problems, and is a major obstacle to the high degree of accuracy and speed needed to identify suspicious sounds in high-security, high-safety environments. We have previously developed an acoustic recognition capability using a novel, biologically based Dynamic Synapse Neural Network (DSNN) technology. The DSNN-based technology has been demonstrated to classify target sounds with a high degree of accuracy, even in high noise conditions. In this paper we focus on extending the acoustic recognition capability of DSNNs to the problem of gunshot recognition. In order to recognize and localize the event, an array of four microphones is used for sound input. For localization purpose, time-delay estimation algorithm (TDE) is employed for triangulation. We have developed stand-alone, portable, and cost-efficient hardware with which both recognition and localization can be performed. In field-testing, the system classifies and localizes over 90% of the trained-for sounds. Performance for firecracker, starter pistol, 9-mm, and 44-caliber, explosion/firing sounds was also tested.
Comparative study of stock trend prediction using time delay, recurrent and probabilistic neural networks (1998)

Three networks are compared for low false alarm stock trend predictions. Short-term trends, particularly attractive for neural network analysis, can be used profitably in scenarios such as option trading, but only with significant risk. Therefore, we focus on limiting false alarms, which improves the risk/reward ratio by preventing losses. To predict stock trends, we exploit time delay, recurrent, and probabilistic neural networks (TDNN, RNN, and PNN, respectively), utilizing conjugate gradient and multistream extended Kalman filter training for TDNN and RNN. We also discuss different predictability analysis techniques and perform an analysis of predictability based on a history of daily closing price. Our results indicate that all the networks are feasible, the primary preference being one of convenience.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Quinolines Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes of Monodentate BINOL‐Derived Phosphoramidites. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
History of Gallium–Nitride-Based Light-Emitting Diodes for Illumination (2013)

The history of development for gallium-nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is reviewed. We identify two broad developments in GaN-based LED technology: first, the key breakthroughs that enabled the development of GaN-based devices on foreign substrates like sapphire (first-generation LEDs), and, second, a new wave of devices benefiting from developments in GaN substrate manufacturing, which has led to native bulk-GaN-based LEDs with unprecedented performance characteristics that portend a disruptive shift in LED output power density and the corresponding cost of generating light.