gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi‐modality image set for the development of a 5th percentile female finite element model (2014)

To mitigate the societal impact of vehicle crash, researchers are using a variety of tools, including finite element models. As part of the Global Human Body Models Consortium project, comprehensive medical image and anthropometrical data of the 5th percentile female (F05) were acquired. Height, weight and 15 external anthropomorphic measurements were used to determine subject eligibility. A multi‐modality image dataset consisting of CT, MRI and upright MRI medical images was developed to characterize the subject in the supine, seated and standing postures. Surface topography and 52 bony landmarks were also acquired for model assembly. The selected subject closely represented the F05 in terms of height and weight, deviating less than 2% in those measures. For all 15 anthropomorphic measurements, the average subject deviation across all measures was 4.1%. The multi‐modality image set was used to develop and assemble skeletal and organ components of the model. Abdominal organ volumes and cortical bone thickness were compared to literature sources where data were available. The dataset used for the development of this model was acquired with the explicit purpose of developing a full‐body finite element model of the F05 for the enhancement of injury prediction.
Multicellular resistance to tirapazamine is due to restricted extravascular transport: a pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study in HT29 multicellular layer cultures. (2003)

In common with other bioreductive drugs, metabolic reduction is required for activation of the benzotriazine-di-N-oxide tirapazamine (TPZ) in hypoxic regions of tumors. This same metabolism also consumes the drug as it diffuses, impeding its penetration into hypoxic tissue. In this study, we develop a pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic (PD) model for TPZ that explicitly includes its diffusion characteristics as measured in multicellular layer (MCL) cultures of HT29 colon carcinoma cells. The kinetics of TPZ metabolism to its mono-N-oxide derivative SR 4317, determined by high-performance liquid chromatography using anoxic HT29 single cell suspensions, demonstrated both a first order and saturable (K(m) = 3.6 micro M) component. Cell killing, assessed by clonogenic assay under the same conditions, demonstrated an approximately quadratic concentration dependence and linear time dependence. TPZ transport through MCLs, determined under hyperoxic conditions (95% O(2)) to suppress reductive metabolism, provided a concentration-independent diffusion coefficient of 0.40 x 10(-6) cm(2)s(-1). Under anoxia, this transport was strongly suppressed and was well predicted by the single cell metabolism parameters (scaled to the cell density in MCLs). These PK (transport) and PD (cytotoxicity) parameters were used to calculate cell killing as a function of distance in anoxic HT29 MCLs after the addition of TPZ to both sides of the MCL. The predicted average cell kill was in good agreement with measured values, which showed much less killing than for single cell suspensions under the same conditions. The success of this PK/PD model in predicting response in MCL shows that inefficient transport, rather than changes in intrinsic sensitivity, is responsible for TPZ resistance in these three-dimensional cell cultures and suggests that optimization of transport properties is a high priority in developing second-generation TPZ analogues.
Thermally Assisted Self-Piercing Riveting of AA6061-T6 to Ultrahigh Strength Steel (2019)

Self-piercing riveting has been widely used in vehicle body manufacturing to join aluminum alloys or aluminum to steel. However, it is difficult to rivet ultrahigh strength steel (UHSS) because of its resistance to piercing of the rivet. In this paper, a thermally assisted self-piercing riveting (TA-SPR) process was proposed to improve riveting of the UHSS, through locally preheating the UHSS sheet using an induction coil prior to the traditional self-piercing riveting (SPR) process. An experimental system consisting of inductive heating apparatus, conventional self-piercing riveting equipment, and coupon transfer mechanism was established and the steps, e.g., preheating, coupons transfer, and riveting, were automatically conducted at preset schedules. Based on experiments with this system, the effects of heating current, heating time, and coil heating distance on riveting of AA6061-T6 and DP980 were examined systematically by metallurgical analyses and mechanical tests. It was found that an appropriate combination of heating current and heating time, e.g., 0.5 s at 600 A, could produce crack-free joints having 77.8% higher undercut and 24% higher lap-shear strength, compared with results obtained using a conventional SPR process.
Synthesis and magnetic properties of core-shell structured (NiCo)O(AFM)-NiCo(FM) magnetic nanoparticles (2002)

We have succeeded in the synthesis of nanometer size monodispersed Ni-Co metal particles through the modified-polyol process. Ni-Co metal particles of about 40 and 100 nm with Co-rich core and Ni-rich shell were produced by the manipulation of the reaction kinetics through a suitable selection of hydroxyl ion concentration in the ethylene glycol-Ni-Co system. Furthermore, core-shell structured (NiCo)O(AFM)-NiCo(FM) was produced by oxidizing particles at 533 K in air for different times. The magnetic properties, especially the exchange-bias (H/sub E/) fields of 40 and 100-nm core-shell structured particles synthesized under similar conditions behaved differently. However, their behavior was explained considering exchange biased interactions at (NiCo)O(AFM)-NiCo(FM), and (Co)O(AFM)-Co(FM) interfaces with two different exchange coupling constants. The 40 nm particles oxidized for 4 h and composed of (NiCo)O(AFM)-NiCo(FM), exhibited a maximum H/sub E/ field of 36 and 201 Oe at 298 and 77 K, respectively.
Herpes Simplex Virus 1 UL47 Interacts with Viral Nuclear Egress Factors UL31, UL34, and Us3 and Regulates Viral Nuclear Egress (2014)

Like other herpesviruses, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) has evolved a vesicle-mediated nucleocytoplasmic transport mechanism for nuclear egress of nascent progeny nucleocapsids. Although previous reports identified and characterized several HSV-1 and cellular proteins involved in viral nuclear egress, complete details of HSV-1 nuclear egress remain to be elucidated. In this study, we have presented data suggesting (i) that the major HSV-1 virion structural protein UL47 (or VP13/VP14) formed a complex with known viral regulatory proteins critical for viral nuclear egress and (ii) that UL47 played a regulatory role in HSV-1 primary envelopment. Thus, we identified UL47 as a novel regulator for HSV-1 nuclear egress.
Harmonic mitigation in single phase mutually commutated converter systems (2006)

An AC/DC converter comprising a cycloconverter and a capacitively snubbered voltage source converter (VSC), coupled by a medium frequency transformer, offers significant advantages. Bidirectional AC/DC power flow as well as voltage transformation and isolation can be achieved. By mutual commutation of the converters, soft switching can be achieved for all semiconductors, thus, link frequency can be increased, allowing smaller transformer and reduced filter components. However, the mutual commutation scheme imposed by the soft switching requirement puts constraints on the PWM pattern causing low frequency harmonics in certain operating points. It is shown that the low frequency harmonics can be eliminated for all points of operation, both in a single bridge configuration and interlaced configuration, common in AC-fed propulsion. A sub-optimal harmonic mitigation method based on a regularly sampled modulator is proposed. By proper oversampling of the reference waveforms substantial reduction of the low frequency harmonic contents can be achieved. The mitigation method is verified by circuit simulation and the feasibility to propulsion is demonstrated.
Dynamic SIMS ion microscopy imaging of intracellular boron accumulation from carboranyl nucleosides in glioma cells. (2001)

Carboranyl nucleosides studied here may provide efficient BNCT agents and need further evaluations of their efficacy.
Promiscuous Usage of Nucleotides by the DNA Helicase of Bacteriophage T7 (2009)

The multifunctional protein encoded by gene 4 of bacteriophage T7 (gp4) provides both helicase and primase activity at the replication fork. T7 DNA helicase preferentially utilizes dTTP to unwind duplex DNA in vitro but also hydrolyzes other nucleotides, some of which do not support helicase activity. Very little is known regarding the architecture of the nucleotide binding site in determining nucleotide specificity. Crystal structures of the T7 helicase domain with bound dATP or dTTP identified Arg-363 and Arg-504 as potential determinants of the specificity for dATP and dTTP. Arg-363 is in close proximity to the sugar of the bound dATP, whereas Arg-504 makes a hydrogen bridge with the base of bound dTTP. T7 helicase has a serine at position 319, whereas bacterial helicases that use rATP have a threonine in the comparable position. Therefore, in the present study we have examined the role of these residues (Arg-363, Arg-504, and Ser-319) in determining nucleotide specificity. Our results show that Arg-363 is responsible for dATP, dCTP, and dGTP hydrolysis, whereas Arg-504 and Ser-319 confer dTTP specificity. Helicase-R504A hydrolyzes dCTP far better than wild-type helicase, and the hydrolysis of dCTP fuels unwinding of DNA. Substitution of threonine for serine 319 reduces the rate of hydrolysis of dTTP without affecting the rate of dATP hydrolysis. We propose that different nucleotides bind to the nucleotide binding site of T7 helicase by an induced fit mechanism. We also present evidence that T7 helicase uses the energy derived from the hydrolysis of dATP in addition to dTTP for mediating DNA unwinding.
NOVEL WAVEGUIDE PHOTODETECTORS ON InP WITH INTEGRATED LIGHT AMPLIFICATION (2003)

We investigate InP-based traveling-wave amplification photodetectors (TAP detectors). Such detec-tors have the potential to achieve simultaneously high saturation power, high speed, high responsiv-ity, and quantum efficiencies well above one. Our detector design vertically combines a bulk InGaAs photodetector ridge region with laterally confined InGaAsP quantum wells for amplification. Ini-titial experimental results confirm the underlying concept. Performance limitations are analyzed utilizing advanced three-dimensional device simulation and optimization options are discussed. 1.
The Effect of Chromophore Architecture and Deposition Conditions on the Optical and Microstructural Characteristics of Self-Assembled Chromophoric Thin Film NLO Materials (1994)

Abstract Construction on inorganic oxide substrates of covalently self-assembled second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials containing a variety of acentrically organized high-β chromophores is investigated as a function of film deposition conditions. Structurally different chromophores exhibit varying packing arrangements on the surface. Changing the medium for the chromophorc deposition reaction on functionalized surfaces from a polar solvent to a nonpolar solvent and raising the temperature increases the chromophore number density on the surface and yields improved NLO response. These robust thin film materials show very high second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiencies with X (2) zzz for ∼ 25 Å thick monolayers of up to 7 × 10−7 esu at 1064 nm.
Evolution of Lattice Structure and Chemical Composition of the Surface Reconstruction Layer in Li1.2Ni0.2Mn0.6O2 Cathode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries (2014)

Voltage and capacity fading of layer structured lithium and manganese rich (LMR) transition metal oxide is directly related to the structural and composition evolution of the material during the cycling of the battery. However, understanding such evolution at atomic level remains elusive. On the basis of atomic level structural imaging, elemental mapping of the pristine and cycled samples, and density functional theory calculations, it is found that accompanying the hoping of Li ions is the simultaneous migration of Ni ions toward the surface from the bulk lattice, leading to the gradual depletion of Ni in the bulk lattice and thickening of a Ni enriched surface reconstruction layer (SRL). Furthermore, Ni and Mn also exhibit concentration partitions within the thin layer of SRL in the cycled samples where Ni is almost depleted at the very surface of the SRL, indicating the preferential dissolution of Ni ions in the electrolyte. Accompanying the elemental composition evolution, significant structural evolution is also observed and identified as a sequential phase transition of C2/m → I41 → Spinel. For the first time, it is found that the surface facet terminated with pure cation/anion is more stable than that with a mixture of cation and anion. These findings firmly established how the elemental species in the lattice of LMR cathode transfer from the bulk lattice to surface layer and further into the electrolyte, clarifying the long-standing confusion and debate on the structure and chemistry of the surface layer and their correlation with the voltage fading and capacity decaying of LMR cathode. Therefore, this work provides critical insights for design of cathode materials with both high capacity and voltage stability during cycling.
Endoplasmic reticulum‐specific BH3‐only protein BNIP1 induces mitochondrial fragmentation in a Bcl‐2‐ and Drp1‐dependent manner (2011)

Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 1 (BNIP1), which is predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), is a pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only protein. Here, we show that the expression of BNIP1 induced not only a highly interconnected ER network but also mitochondrial fragmentation in a BH3 domain-dependent manner. Functional analysis demonstrated that BNIP1 expression increased dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) expression followed by the mitochondrial translocation of Drp1 and subsequent mitochondrial fission. Both BNIP1-induced mitochondrial fission and the translocation of Drp1 were abrogated by Bcl-2 overexpression. These results collectively indicate that ER-specific BNIP1 plays an important role in mitochondrial dynamics by modulating the mitochondrial fission protein Drp1 in a BH3 domain-dependent fashion.
BNIP3 Interacting with LC3 Triggers Excessive Mitophagy in Delayed Neuronal Death in Stroke (2014)

NIX primarily regulates basal level of mitophagy in physiological conditions, whereas BNIP3 exclusively activates excessive mitophagy leading to cell death.
Joint design of plane-dependent FM screens sets using DBS algorithm (2019)

Color Halftoning is a technique for generating a halftone image by using a limited number of colorants to simulate a continuous-tone image as perceived by a human viewer. This paper describes an algorithm to jointly design three screens for Cyan, Magenta and Yellow colorants using the Direct Binary Search algorithm. The results show that high-quality color halftone images can be obtained using the screens sets, and the computational complexity will be greatly reduced.
Confinement of Thermoresponsive Hydrogels in Nanostructured Porous Silicon Dioxide Templates (2007)

Abstract A thermoresponsive hydrogel, poly( N ‐isopropylacrylamide) (poly(NIPAM)), is synthesized in situ within an oxidized porous Si template, and the nanocomposite material is characterized. Infiltration of the hydrogel into the interconnecting nanoscale pores of the porous SiO 2 host is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy. The optical reflectivity spectrum of the nanocomposite hybrid displays Fabry–Pérot fringes characteristic of thin film interference, enabling direct, real‐time observation of the volume phase transition of the confined poly(NIPAM) hydrogel. Reversible optical reflectivity changes are observed to correlate with the temperature‐dependent volume phase transition of the hydrogel, providing a new means of studying nanoscale confinement of responsive hydrogels. The confined hydrogel displays a swelling and shrinking response to changes in temperature that is significantly faster than that of the bulk hydrogel. The porosity and pore size of the SiO 2 template, which are precisely controlled by the electrochemical synthesis parameters, strongly influence the extent and rate of changes in the reflectivity spectrum of the nanocomposite. The observed optical response is ascribed to changes in both the mechanical and the dielectric properties of the nanocomposite.
The Long-lasting Antiproliferative Effect of 15-Deoxyspergualin through its Spermidine Moiety. (2000)

15-Deoxyspergualin (DSG) inhibited growth of mouse EL-4 lymphoma cells with an IC50 0.02 microg/ml. Even though the cells were treated with DSG for only 4 hours and then washed, the antiproliferative effect lasted long with an IC50 0.4 microg/ml. DSG has spermidine and guanidine moieties in its structure. One decomposed element containing guanidine moiety inhibited the growth at higher doses than DSG, but the effect did not last long unlike DSG. While another element containing spermidine moiety did not affect the growth, it diminished the long-lasting antiproliferative effect of DSG by pretreatment of the cells. Pretreatment with polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and spermine also diminished the effect of DSG. Furthermore, N-alkylation of spermidine moiety in DSG abolished the antiproliferative effect. These results suggested that DSG binds to the cells through its spermidine moiety and exerts its long-lasting antiproliferative effect.
DIASPIRIN CROSS-LINKED HEMOGLOBIN (DCLHb) IS AN EFFECTIVE LOW VOLUME RESUSCITATION SOLUTION IN A SWINE MODEL OF HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK (1993)

Burhop, Kenneth; Marchand, G.; Farrell, L.; Gillies, B.; Nigro, C.; Priester, D.; Dunlap, E. Author Information
Language Model Estimation for Optimizing End-to-end Performance of a Natural Language Call Routing System (2006)

Conventional methods for training statistical models for automatic speech recognition, such as acoustic and language models, have focused on criteria such as maximum likelihood and sentence or word error rate (WER). However, unlike dictation systems, the goal for spoken dialogue systems is to understand the meaning of what a person says, not to get every word correctly transcribed. For such systems, we propose to optimize the statistical models under end-to-end system performance criteria. We illustrate this principle by focusing on the estimation of the language model (LM) component of a natural language call routing system. This estimation, carried out under a conditional maximum likelihood objective, aims at optimizing the call routing (classification) accuracy, which is often the criterion of interest in these systems. LM updates are derived using the extended Baum-Welch procedure (Gopalakrishnan et al. (1991)). In our experiments, we find that our estimation procedure leads to a small but promising gain in classification accuracy. Interestingly, the estimated language models also lead to an increase in the word error rate while improving the classification accuracy, showing that the system with the best classification accuracy is not necessarily the one with the lowest WER. Significantly, our LM estimation procedure does not require the correct transcription of the training data, and can therefore be applied to unsupervised learning from untranscribed speech data.
Effects of Caffeine on Metabolism and Mitochondria Biogenesis in Rhabdomyosarcoma Cells Compared with 2,4-Dinitrophenol (2012)

This work identified that both caffeine and DNP significantly induce PGC-1α, and increase both metabolism and mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle.
Rotational motion of microsphere packs on acoustically excited surfaces (2005)

The generation of uniform rotational motion of polystyrene latex microsphere packs on silicon oxide dry surfaces in base-excited acoustic fields is demonstrated. The physics of microparticle dynamics on surfaces is substantially different from its counterparts in meso/macroscale due to the domination of intermolecular forces in microscale objects. The stability of packs presented in the current experimental study suggests that rolling resistance due to elasticity and adhesion plays an essential role in pack formation. The control of the rotational speed of microspheres with the pulse repetitive frequency of the pulser circuit is illustrated. The present work could lead to a motion excitation mechanism for microscale systems.
OLED lighting: light where it never has been before (2007)

"Optical Technologies have conquered the world" - their economic key data showed an impressive growth in the past couple of years, and the predictions for the up-coming years keep the expectations high<sup>1, 2</sup>. In the case of OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) lighting, e.g. IDTechEx is predicting a worldwide market growth from 50 million USD in 2009 to 3.3 billion USD in 2012<sup>3</sup>. LED and OLED technology, although both being referred to as solid state lighting, are rather complementary in their characteristics. Whereas LEDs are high efficient point light sources, OLEDs cover large area, diffuse lighting applications which can follow the increased awareness for creation of personalized atmosphere. Ambience and mood lighting can be perfectly realized by the means of OLED large area illumination which will pave the way for applications that up to now could not have been realized. OLED lighting technology rests on three pillars at the same time, the basic performance like efficiency and lifetime, the unique features, and costs. These key challenges and their impact on various applications will be discussed.
Electrochemical Modulation of Strong Vibration–Cavity Coupling (2019)

Modulation of strong coupling has implications for on-demand reactivity, optical modulation devices, and greater understanding of molecule–cavity coupling effects. Here, we electrochemically switch the redox couple benzoquinone/dihydroquinone (BQ/dHQ) within an optical cavity. We find that the BQ carbonyl species can be reduced, under appropriate biases, resulting in the complete elimination of the Rabi splitting, which is the signature of strong coupling. We achieve optical signal modulation of ∼100% at frequencies near the fundamental BQ carbonyl absorption as well as the polariton bands, and we experimentally evaluate the switching rate of such systems, finding that repeated cycling degrades performance, likely due to compositional changes in the electrochemical medium during the electrochemical reactions. Cavity resonances shift in correlation with the change of the solvent dielectric constant during electrochemical cycling. Although this consequent detuning influences the magnitude of optical modulation at the fundamental BQ resonance frequency, it makes optical modulation possible at many frequencies simultaneously since cavity fringe position scales with the refractive index. These results expand the understanding and utility of strong vibrational–cavity coupling and may lead to demonstrations of modified electrochemical response for technologically relevant material systems.