gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage control using coordinated control of Heat Pump Water Heaters with large penetration of photovoltaic systems (2013)

It is expected that large amount of photovoltaic (PV) systems will be installed in future power systems. However, introduction of large PV systems create significant problems specially in the distribution system. One of main problems is voltage rise at the end of distribution line due to reverse power flow by the presence of PV systems. In order to mitigate this problem, we propose load control at the customer end. Heat Pump Water Heater (HPWH) has been selected as customer controllable load due its large thermal energy consumption and flexibility in operating time. In this paper, coordinated control of HPWHs is attained based on the node voltages and customer hot water demands. When one of nodes voltage goes closer to maximum allowable voltage or hot water in the tank becomes its minimum level, HPWH is operated in order to avoid voltage rise or hot water shortage. In the voltage control method, primary control priority for operating HPWH is set to maintain reasonable hot water and then set to avoid the voltage rise with intention to keep the participating customers convenience. It is found that proposed voltage control method not only avoids voltage rise but also maintain customer convenience.
Flexible 40 Gbit/s WDM transmission beyond 1000 km enabled by 195 µm 2 A eff PSCF and AC-RZ signal format (2003)

Stable 40 Gbit/s WDM transmission against increasing number of wavelengths over 1000 km was achieved by ultra-large-core pure-silica-core fibre (PSCF) with 195 µm2 effective core area and alternate-chirped return-to-zero (AC-RZ) signal format. Such stability is indispensable for the flexibility of transmission systems. SPM/GVD degradation due to larger local dispersion of PSCF was successfully suppressed using AC-RZ signal format.
Restoring lost cognitive function (2005)

A prosthetic device that functions in a biomimetic manner to replace information transmission between cortical brain regions is considered. In such a prosthesis, damaged CNS neurons is replaced with a biomimetic system comprised of silicon neurons. The replacement silicon neurons would have functional properties specific to those of the damaged neurons and would both receive as inputs and send as outputs electrical activity to regions of the brain with which the damaged region previously communicated. Thus, the class of prosthesis proposed is one that would replace the computational function of the damaged brain and restore the transmission of that computational result to other regions of the nervous system.
The augmented narrative (2015)

We present the concept of bio-feedback driven computing to design a responsive narrative, which acts according to the readers experience. We explore on how to detect engagement and give our evaluation on the usefulness of different sensor modalities. We find temperature and blink frequency are best to estimate engagement and can classify engaging and non-engaging user-independent without error for a small user sample size (5 users).
An architecture for rule-based visualization (1993)

In Rogowitz and Treinish (1993), we introduced an architecture for incorporating perceptual rules into the visualization process. In this architecture, higher-level descriptors of the data, metadata, flow to perceptual rules, which constrain visualization operations. In this paper, we develop a deeper analysis of the rules, the prerequisite metadata, and the system for enabling their operation. >
On the Incorporation of Multi-Modality Image Registration into the Radiotherapy Treatment Planning Process (2003)

A technique is presented that allows the direct use of physiological image sets in the radiation therapy treatment planning process. When fused to the treatment planning CT, physiological image studies may allow one to define physiological tumor subvolumes consisting of areas of possible chronic hypoxia, areas of high perfusion, areas of high diffusion, and areas containing high choline concentrations. These physiological tumor subvolumes could be selectively boosted to increase local control of malignant brain tumors once one has determined which of these physiological tumor subvolumes predicts for local tumor recurrence after conventional radiotherapy. In this technique a user assisted automatic registration technique is used that is based on an analytical estimate for the transformation matrix needed to register two rigid bodies. The only user input needed is three non-collinear points selected based on landmarks in the primary image and the corresponding three points in the secondary image. Since this registration technique uses two sets of at least three user-defined landmark points each of which has some selection error associated with it, the final registration will have an error that depends only on the selection error associated with the point sets. Since physiological image studies are acquired at the same setting as the T1- w MRI their spatial orientation with respect to the T1- w MRI is known. Therefore, the registration of multiple physiological image studies to the treatment planning CT can be accomplished by first correlating them to the T1- w MRI, and in a second step the T1- w MRI is then registered to the treatment planning CT. The desired registration of the physiological image studies to the treatment planning CT is then accomplished by simply composing the appropriate transformation matrices.
Einfluss von Formoterol auf die mukoziliäre Clearance von COPD-Patienten (2005)

Hintergrund: Patienten mit chronisch obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD) weisen neben den typischen Veränderungen der Lungenfunktionsparameter auch eine stadienabhängige Einschränkung der mukoziliären Clearance auf. Unklar ist, ob die Störung der Clearance eine Ursache oder lediglich eine Folge des Krankheitsbildes darstellt. Unabhängig davon geht eine Zunahme der Mucusmenge mit einer Verschlechterung der Lungenfunktion einher. Daher kann eine Stimulation bzw. Inhibition der mukoziliären Clearance mit einer Beeinflussung des Krankheitsverlaufes einhergehen. Die bisher in vitro bzw. in vivo vorliegenden Daten sind jedoch widersprüchlich.
Classification and Recognition of Dynamical Models: The Role of Phase, Independent Components, Kernels and Optimal Transport (2007)

We address the problem of performing decision tasks, and in particular classification and recognition, in the space of dynamical models in order to compare time series of data. Motivated by the application of recognition of human motion in image sequences, we consider a class of models that include linear dynamics, both stable and marginally stable (periodic), both minimum and non-minimum phase, driven by non-Gaussian processes. This requires extending existing learning and system identification algorithms to handle periodic modes and nonminimum phase behavior, while taking into account higher-order statistics of the data. Once a model is identified, we define a kernel-based cord distance between models that includes their dynamics, their initial conditions as well as input distribution. This is made possible by a novel kernel defined between two arbitrary (non-Gaussian) distributions, which is computed by efficiently solving an optimal transport problem. We validate our choice of models, inference algorithm, and distance on the tasks of human motion synthesis (sample paths of the learned models), and recognition (nearest-neighbor classification in the computed distance). However, our work can be applied more broadly where one needs to compare historical data while taking into account periodic trends, non-minimum phase behavior, and non-Gaussian input distributions.
The Geode Process: Hollow Silica Microcapsules as a High Surface Area Substrate for Semiconductor Nanowire Growth (2019)

We introduce and demonstrate critical steps toward the Geode process for the bottom-up synthesis of semiconductor nanowires. Central to the process is the design and fabrication of an unconventional, high surface area substrate: the interior surface of hollow silica microcapsules, assembled from silica particles via emulsion templating, and featuring porous walls to enable efficient gas transport. The interior surface of these hollow silica microcapsules is decorated with gold nanoparticles that seed nanowire growth via the vapor–liquid–solid (VLS) mechanism. We demonstrate the production of the necessary microcapsules and show how microcapsule structure and stability upon drying are influenced by the type of silica particles and use of a particle cross-linking agent. Finally, we demonstrate the synthesis of crystalline Si nanowires in the microcapsule interior.
FOG-Based Navigation in Downhole Environment During Horizontal Drilling Utilizing a Complete Inertial Measurement Unit: Directional Measurement-While-Drilling Surveying (2005)

Presently used surveying sensors in directional drilling processes include accelerometers and magnetometers arranged in three orthogonal directions. The magnetometers in these setups are negatively affected by external magnetic interferences induced by various sources. Therefore, expensive, heavy and lengthy protective nonmagnetic collars need to be installed. Fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) in an inertial navigation setup have been proposed as an alternative to magnetometer-based downhole surveying. The present study explored the feasibility of utilizing a FOG-based tactical-grade inertial measurement unit (IMU) as a complete surveying sensor for measurement-while-drilling (MWD) processes downhole. Alignment and real-time navigation under laboratory conditions were demonstrated. Analysis of vibrations and temperature as possible factors limiting the accuracy of the navigation process was performed. Severe vibration effects were reduced using software techniques, and a shock-absorbing housing was suggested. The temperature range of the IMU is limited by the optical components of the device, but dynamic temperature changes within this range did not present a major problem. A downhole sub design demonstrated that the actual integration of the IMU requires only minor changes in the presently used drilling tools. The utilization of a tactical-grade IMU eliminates the necessity of nonmagnetic collars, which results in lower costs and improved accuracy.
On Abrasive Wear of Polyethylene (2002)

Despite widespread and growing use of polymers in applications where abrasion is present, ranging from gearboxes to prosthetic joints, abrasive wear of these materials is ill-understood. We present a study that for commercially relevant polyethylene (PE) points to the effective number of physical cross-links per macromolecular chain as the principalremarkably simplefactor that dictates the intrinsic abrasive wear resistance. This new insight has permitted us, among other things, to identify a polyethylene of a hereto unknown matrix of desirable properties, i.e., ultra-wear-resistant andunlike the commonly used ultrahigh molecular weight version (UHMW PE)melt-processable, which should open a host of novel applications.
Plant Movements as Concept Generators for the Development of Biomimetic Compliant Mechanisms (2020)

Plant movements are of increasing interest for biomimetic approaches where hinge-free compliant mechanisms (flexible structures) for applications, for example, in architecture, soft robotics, and medicine are developed. In this article, we first concisely summarize the knowledge on plant movement principles and show how the different modes of actuation, that is, the driving forces of motion, can be used in biomimetic approaches for the development of motile technical systems. We then emphasize on current developments and breakthroughs in the field, that is, the technical implementation of plant movement principles through additive manufacturing, the development of structures capable of tracking movements (tropisms), and the development of structures that can perform multiple movement steps. Regarding the additive manufacturing section, we present original results on the successful transfer of several plant movement principles into 3D printed hygroscopic shape-changing structures ("4D printing"). The resulting systems include edge growth-driven actuation (as known from the petals of the lily flower), bending scale-like structures with functional bilayer setups (inspired from pinecones), modular aperture architectures (as can be similarly seen in moss peristomes), snap-through elastic instability actuation (as known from Venus flytrap snap-traps), and origami-like curved-folding kinematic amplification (inspired by the carnivorous waterwheel plant). Our novel biomimetic compliant mechanisms highlight the feasibility of modern printing techniques for designing and developing versatile tailored motion responses for technical applications. We then focus on persisting challenges in the field, that is, how to speed-boost intrinsically slow hydraulically actuated structures and how to achieve functional resilience and robustness, before we propose the establishment of a motion design catalog in the conclusion.
Hybrid non-uniform grid based fast global boundary conditions for electromagnetic simulations for concave scatterers (2007)

Differential equation based techniques, such as finite element and finite difference methods [1] are often preferred for analyzing electromagnetic scattering by targets involving inhomogeneous media. Customarily, truncation of the computational domain, as required in these methods, is achieved using local Absorbing Boundary Conditions (ABCs) such as the Mur or the Perfectly Matched Layer (PML) type as long as the boundary surface is convex. The convexity requirement translates into a sizeable white space when treating an essentially concave geometry and hence implies a significant additional computational cost. Alternatively, boundary integral formulations allow for arbitrary shaped exterior boundaries at the expense of global, rather than local, formulation. It has been shown in [2,3], though, that the combination of global ABCs with suitable fast integration algorithms provides a viable alternative to local formulations. The method relies on surface integration with the added benefit of a two level Non-uniform Grid (NG) algorithm, introduced in [4]. This algorithm is shown to reduce the computational cost of evaluating the boundary integrals from O(N2)to O(NL5), while a multilevel algorithm will ultimately attain an asymptotic complexity of O(NlogN), N being the number of boundary unknowns. In this work, the method presented in [3] is hybridized with a local ABC for enhanced accuracy. (6 pages)
Epidemiology and impact of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation in Europe (2022)

In this large cohort of AF patients, there was a high burden of frailty, influencing clinical management and risk of adverse outcomes. The clinical benefit of OAC is maintained in patients with high frailty, but not in very high/extremely frail ones.
Temperature dependence of electron concentration and mobility in n-GaN measured up to 1020 K (2010)

Temperature dependence of Hall electron concentration and mobility in n-GaN has been measured up to 1020 K. The electron concentration increased monotonically with temperature and did not saturate. The measured values were fitted with the calculated ones for the whole temperature range. It is found that following two assumptions have to be made in order to obtain the best fit for both electron concentration and mobility: (i) two donor levels and one acceptor level (including dislocation) have to be taken into account; and (ii) one donor level lies in the conduction band. The obtained results in this study will contribute to the design of GaN devices operating at high temperatures.
Epac1 promotes melanoma metastasis via modification of heparan sulfate (2011)

Our previous report suggested the potential role of the exchange protein directly activated by cyclic AMP (Epac) in melanoma metastasis via heparan sulfate (HS)-mediated cell migration. In order to obtain conclusive evidence that Epac1 plays a critical role in modification of HS and melanoma metastasis, we extensively investigated expression and function of Epac1 in human melanoma samples and cell lines. We have found that, in human melanoma tissue microarray, protein expression of Epac1 was higher in metastatic melanoma than in primary melanoma. In addition, expression of Epac1 positively correlated with that of N-sulfated HS, and N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1 (NDST-1), an enzyme that increases N-sulfation of HS. Further, an Epac agonist increased, but ablation of Epac1 decreased, expressions of NDST-1, N-sulfated HS, and cell migration in various melanoma cell lines. Finally, C8161 cells with stable knockdown of Epac1 showed a decrease in cell migration, and metastasis in mice. These data suggest that Epac1 plays a critical role in melanoma metastasis presumably because of modification of HS.
Canalostomy as a Surgical Approach for Cochlear Gene Therapy in the Rat (2012)

This article presents a unique approach for the delivery of gene therapy vectors into the cochlea of the laboratory rat. Mice and guinea pigs are established in vivo models for cochlear gene therapy each of which has distinct advantages and disadvantages. The rat has some of the molecular advantages of a mouse model combined with size advantages for surgical approaches. Vector delivery via cochleostomy or injection through the round window causes concomitant sensorineural hearing loss and is therefore not suitable for studies where the change in hearing is being followed. Compared to the mouse, the rat does not demonstrate easily recognizable landmarks that allow for use of the semicircular canal as an approach to the inner ear. We analyzed sagittal and coronal temporal bone sections of Long Evans rats and identified the bony entrance of the facial nerve as a crucial landmark for canalostomy. Auditory brainstem response and distortion product otoacustic emission measurements revealed minimal differences in the hearing threshold after adenovirus vector application when large volumes of vector were infused to the inner ear. Canalostomy and infusion of adenoviral vectors also resulted in temporary balance disturbance in the rat. Immunohistochemical assessment after delivery of a green fluorescent protein expressing vector showed significant GFP expression in the cochlea.
Polo-like kinase 1 is essential for the first mitotic division in the mouse embryo (2013)

Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1), a member of the serine/threonine protein kinases family, is involved in multiple steps of mitotic progression. It regulates centrosome maturation, mitotic spindle formation, and cytokinesis. While studied extensively in somatic cells, little is known about PLK1 activities in the mammalian preimplantation embryo. We examined the role of PLK1 in the one-cell mouse embryo. Western blotting showed that the PLK1 protein content increased significantly during the S-phase of the one-cell stage and declined during the first mitotic division. Activation of PLK1 preceded nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) in both pronuclei at the entry to first embryo mitosis. Immunofluorescence revealed the presence of phosphorylated, active PLK1 (pThr(210) -PLK1) in both male and female pronuclei, and in the microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) shortly before NEBD. During the first mitotic metaphase, pThr(210) -PLK1 accumulated at the spindle poles and was also associated with condensed chromosomes. Inhibition of PLK1 activity with a specific PLK1 inhibitor, BI 2536, at the one-cell stage induced the formation of a bipolar spindle that displayed disordered microtubular arrangements and dislocated, condensed chromosomes. Although such embryos entered mitosis, they did not complete mitosis and arrested at metaphase. Time-lapse recording revealed progressive misalignment of condensed chromosomes during first mitotic metaphase. These data indicate that PLK1 activity is not essential for entry into first mitosis, but is required for the events leading up to metaphase-anaphase transition in the one-cell mouse embryo.
In Vivo Glucose Measurement Using Fine Needle Type Amperometric Glucose Sensor (2015)

Fine needle type glucose sensors having outer membrane layers of heparin and urokinase were prepared. Glucose sensor properties were evaluated by in vitro measurement in phosphate buffer solution and horse serum, and in vivo measurement using the veins of rabbit. Glucose sensors were implanted using cannula and the blood glucose levels were influenced by the injection of glucose and insulin. Definite glucose was hardly observed at the days of implantation, while clear response was obtained after several days. This may due to the recovery from the damage of blood vessel received on the process of sensor implantation. Good correlation between in vitro blood glucose levels was obtained at especially low glucose level. Clear glucose sensor response was obtained even after 10 days of implantation. The formation on thrombus was not observed on the surface of sensor implanted for 10 days. This indicate that the glucose sensor with outer membrane of heparin and urokinase have excellent biocompatibility. Figure 1
High Speed, Strained Layer, Multiquantum Well, GaInAsP and GaAs Lasers and Heterostructures (1993)

Abstract : This report is divided into three Sections: the first covering the work done in the area of high speed InGaAs/GaAs strained quantum well lasers; the second in the material growth and laser fabrication in the InGaAs/AlInGaAs system; and the third in the Gas Source Molecular Beam Epitaxy (GSMBE) of In materials. This contract began at a time when quantum well laser bandwidths were severely limited for unknown reasons and the largest bandwidths were in bulk lasers. This has all changed now. Strained quantum well lasers were fabricated during the initial phase of this program resulting in anomalously large damping rates in quantum well lasers. Large damping rates result in small bandwidth because the lasers become critically damped at a low frequency. During the second portion of the contract, a theory describing the reasons for the resonance frequency, damping frequency, K factor, intensity noise, internal efficiency injection efficiency and wavelength chirping has been derived. Theoretical and experimental evidence in this program shows that carrier transport can lead to significant low frequency parasitic-like, rolloff that reduces the modulation response by as much as a factor of six in quantum well lasers. Semiconductor laser, Heterostructures, Quantum wells, Strained.
Learning clustering-based linear mappings for quantization noise removal (2016)

This paper describes a novel scheme to reduce the quantization noise of compressed videos and improve the overall coding performances. The proposed scheme first consists in clustering noisy patches of the compressed sequence. Then, at the encoder side, linear mappings are learned for each cluster between the noisy patches and the corresponding source patches. The linear mappings are then transmitted to the decoder where they can be applied to perform de-noising. The method has been tested with the HEVC standard, leading to a bitrate saving of up to 9.63%.
Stereoselective Intramolecular 1,3‐Dipolar Nitrile Oxide Cycloaddition Reaction of N‐Formyl‐β‐nitroamides. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
50 dB parametric on-chip gain in silicon photonic wires (2011)

A pulsed mid-infrared pump at λ=2173 nm is used to demonstrate wideband optical parametric gain in a low-loss 2 cm long silicon photonic wire. Using dispersion engineering to obtain negative second-order (β2) and positive fourth-order (β4) dispersion, we generate broadband modulation instability and parametric fluorescence extending from 1911 nm-2486 nm. Using a cw probe signal to interrogate the modulation instability spectrum, we demonstrate parametric amplification >40 dB with an on-chip gain bandwidth wider than 580 nm, as well as narrowband Raman-assisted peak gain >50 dB.