gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cortical Spatio-temporal Dynamics Underlying Phonological Target Detection in Humans (2010)

Selective processing of task-relevant stimuli is critical for goal-directed behavior. We used electrocorticography to assess the spatio-temporal dynamics of cortical activation during a simple phonological target detection task, in which subjects press a button when a prespecified target syllable sound is heard. Simultaneous surface potential recordings during this task revealed a highly ordered temporal progression of high gamma (HG, 70-200 Hz) activity across the lateral hemisphere in less than 1 sec. The sequence demonstrated concurrent regional sensory processing of speech syllables in the posterior superior temporal gyrus (STG) and speech motor cortex, and then transitioned to sequential task-dependent processing from prefrontal cortex (PFC), to the final motor response in the hand sensorimotor cortex. STG activation was modestly enhanced for target over nontarget sounds, supporting a selective gain mechanism in early sensory processing, whereas PFC was entirely selective to targets, supporting its role in guiding response behavior. These results reveal that target detection is not a single cognitive event, but rather a process of progressive target selectivity that involves large-scale rapid parallel and serial processing in sensory, cognitive, and motor structures to support goal-directed human behavior.
Fully Integrated Reconfigurable MASMOS Power Amplifier for LTE Applications (2018)

In this paper, a fully integrated reconfigurable power amplifier (PA) intended for long-term evolution (LTE) applications is introduced. Its reconfigurable design provides versatility to comply with various applicative conditions. The proposed design is based on MASMOS transistor providing up to 32.7 dBm of saturated output power (PSAT) in LTE-band VII, while allowing a good tradeoff between linearity and power consumption. An analysis of the output combining transformer dimensioning is presented to optimize performances. Small signal and large signal post-layout results are reported for three operating modes: high performance (mode 1), low consumption (mode 2) and high linearity (mode 3). In its high linearity mode, providing the best tradeoff between output power and quiescent consumption, the PA achieves 31.6 dBm of 1-dB compression point (P1dB), at only 0.9 dB back-off from the PSAT. The PA is presently in fabrication. It is believed by the authors to be used in applications requiring high performance and adaptability to varying conditions, especially for the internet of things (IoT).
Selective and Quantitative Detection of Trace Amounts of Mercury(II) Ion (Hg2+) and Copper(II) Ion (Cu2+) Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) (2015)

We report the development of a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based heavy metal ion sensor targeting the detection of mercury(II) ion (Hg(2+)) and copper(II) ion (Cu(2+)) with high sensitivity and selectivity. To achieve the detection of vibrational-spectroscopically silent heavy metal ions, the SERS substrate composed of gold nanorod (AuNR)-polycaprolactone (PCL) nanocomposite fibers was first functionalized using metal ion-binding ligands. Specifically, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole dimer (di-DMT) and trimercaptotriazine (TMT) were attached to the SERS substrates serving as bridging molecules to capture Hg(2+) and Cu(2+), respectively, from solution. Upon heavy metal ion coordination, changes in the vibrational spectra of the bridging molecules, including variations in the peak-intensity ratios and peak shifts were observed and taken as indicators of the capture of the target ions. With rigorous spectral analysis, the coordination mechanism between the heavy metal ion and the corresponding bridging molecule was investigated. Mercury(II) ion primarily interacts with di-DMT through the cleavage of the disulfide bond, whereas Cu(2+) preferentially interacts with the heterocyclic N atoms in TMT. The specificity of the coordination chemistry provided both di-DMT and TMT with excellent selectivity for the detection of Hg(2+) and Cu(2+) in the presence of other interfering metal ion species. In addition, quantitative analysis of the concentration of the heavy metal ions was achieved through the construction of internal calibration curves using the peak-intensity ratios of 287/387 cm(-1) for Hg(2+) and 1234/973 cm(-1) for Cu(2+).
Primary sclerosing cholangitis and colorectal carcinoma in patients with chronic ulcerative colitis (1998)

Based on this large case-control study, there was no association between PSC and colorectal carcinoma in patients with ulcerative colitis.
Mining the Web to Create a Language Model for Mapping between English Names and Phrases and Japanese (2004)

The Web provides the largest, exploitable collection of language use. If we can mine the Web to build abstract models of language use, these models may have many applications. Here we present one example of using the implicit intelligence of language use to solve an important problem for machine translation programs and cross-lingual applications. This problem involves the translation of words written in katakana characters in Japanese. In this paper, we describe techniques of discovering katakana transliteration of English names and of finding English translations of multiword katakana sequences using implicit language models of English and Japanese found on the Web. These techniques were evaluated against human-constructed English-katakana glosses.
Zinc Bromide: A General Mediator for the Ionothermal Synthesis of Microporous Polymers via Cyclotrimerization Reactions (2023)

Conjugated microporous polymers (CMPs) are porous organic materials that display (semi)conducting behavior due to their highly -conjugated structures, making them promising next-generation materials for applications requiring both electrical conductivity and porosity. Currently, most CMPs and related porous aromatic frameworks (PAFs) are prepared using expensive transition metals (e.g., Pd), significantly increasing the costs associated with their synthesis. Lewis acid-mediated cyclotrimerization reactions of methyl ketones and nitriles represent promising and green alternative methods for CMP and PAF synthesis. Herein, we demonstrate that the generality of the solvent-free cyclotrimerization reactions is significantly improved by using ZnBr2 instead of ZnCl2 as the ionothermal medium. Specifically, we show that 1,4-diacetylbenzene (DAB), 4,4-diacetylbiphenyl (DABP), 2,7-diacetylfluorene (DAF), 1,3,5-triacetylbenzene (TAB), tetrakis(4-acetylphenyl)methane (TAPM), and 1,4-dicyanobenzene (DCNB) can be polymerized in molten ZnBr2 to produce highly conjugated and microporous materials, as confirmed by 77 K N2 adsorption measurements, IR, and solid-state NMR. These findings support that ZnBr2 is an excellent Lewis acid mediator and medium for the ionothermal synthesis of porous organic materials.
Light transport in ordered and randomised photonic-plasmonic hybrid crystals (2012)

In this paper we investigate the disorder-driven transition from collective transport by Bloch waves and SPPs to single particle scattering in 2D hybrid plasmonic-photonic crystals. Where reflection and transmission of ordered structures appear to be highly correlated such strict relation is lost in the disordered case.
Highly Fluorescent Au25-xAgx Nanoclusters Protected with Poly(ethylene glycol) - and Zwitterion-Modified Thiolate Ligands (2018)

We describe the growth and characterization of highly fluorescing, near-infrared-emitting nanoclusters made of bimetallic Au25-xAgx cores, prepared using various monothiol-appended hydrophobic and hydrophilic ligands. The reaction uses well-defined triphenylphosphine-protected Au11 clusters (as precursors), which are reacted with Ag(I)-thiolate complexes. The prepared nanoclusters are small (diameter < 2nm, as characterized by TEM) with emission peak at 760 nm and long lifetime (~12 µs). The quantum yield measured for these materials was 0.3 - 0.4 depending on the ligand. XPS measurements show the presence of both metal atoms in the core, with measured binding energies that agree with reported values for nanocluster materials. The NIR emission combined with high quantum yield, small size and ease of surface functionalization afforded by the coating, make these materials suitable to implement investigations that address fundamental questions and potentially useful for biological sensing and imaging applications.
Figure S4 from High <i>FGFR1–4</i> mRNA Expression Levels Correlate with Response to Selective FGFR Inhibitors in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4. Impact of FGF ligand blockade in FGFRi treatment response. A) Analysis of mRNA expression levels of FGF ligands by HTG. FGFR1-4 and FGF3/4/19 CN and mRNA status are depicted in the box underneath. Gene expression levels are expressed from the lowest -grey- to the 90th percentile of expression -red-; samples above the 90th percentile are highlighted with stripes. B) Ex vivo analysis of Rogaratinib response (IC50) in 5 PDC models (PDX-derived cell cultures), with or without co-treatment with an FGF-trap (NSC12). The relative mRNA expression levels of relevant FGF ligands and FGFR2 in each model, and the corresponding FGFRi response is summarized in the panel underneath. Statistical analysis: Sidak's multiple comparisons test.&lt;/p&gt;
Urokinase-catalysed cleavage of the urokinase receptor requires an intact glycolipid anchor (2001)

Urokinase (uPA) has the striking ability to cleave its receptor, uPAR, thereby inactivating the binding potential of this molecule. Here we demonstrate that the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor of uPAR, which is attached to the third domain, is an important determinant in governing this reaction, even though the actual cleavage occurs between the first and second domains. Purified full-length GPI-anchored uPAR (GPI-uPAR) proved much more susceptible to uPA-mediated cleavage than recombinant truncated soluble uPAR (suPAR), which lacks the glycolipid anchor. This was not a general difference in proteolytic susceptibility since GPI-uPAR and suPAR were cleaved with equal efficiency by plasmin. Since the amino acid sequences of GPI-uPAR and suPAR are identical except for the C-terminal truncation, the different cleavage patterns suggest that the two uPAR variants differ in the conformation or the flexibility of the linker region between domains 1 and 2. This was supported by the fact that an antibody to the peptide AVTYSRSRYLE, amino acids 84-94 in the linker region, recognizes GPI-uPAR but not suPAR. This difference in the linker region is thus caused by a difference in a remote hydrophobic region. In accordance with this model, when the hydrophobic lipid moiety was removed from the glycolipid anchor by phospholipase C, low concentrations of uPA could no longer cleave the modified GPI-uPAR and the reactivity to the peptide antibody was greatly decreased. Naturally occurring suPAR, purified from plasma, was found to have a similar resistance to uPA cleavage as phospholipase C-treated GPI-uPAR and recombinant suPAR.
Large-grained Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 integrated into polycrystalline-silicon thin-film transistor for system-on-glass applications (2014)

In this work, the authors fabricated 1-transistor ferroelectric random access memory based on polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) on a glass substrate. A novel technique was used to form a large single-grained Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) layer as the gate insulator. Generally, the crystallization temperature of PZT is 800 °C, which is beyond the limits for a glass substrate; however, here the authors developed a selectively nucleated lateral crystallization technique to minimize the crystallization temperature and grow 40 μm grains of PZT. Pt layer using rapid thermal annealing at 650 °C for a short time, and grew a single seed by tube-furnace at 550 °C for 2 h. Our device demonstrated excellent electrical properties with long retention time, which only decreased by 9% after 104 s, and good fatigue characteristics, which only decreased by 4% after 104 cycles.
Tri-Gate Bulk MOSFET Design for CMOS Scaling to the End of the Roadmap (2008)

A tri-gate bulk MOSFET design utilizing a low-aspect-ratio channel is proposed to provide an evolutionary pathway for CMOS scaling to the end of the roadmap. 3-D device simulations indicate that this design offers the advantages of a multi-gate FET (reduced variability in performance and improved scalability) together with the advantages of a conventional planar MOSFET (low substrate cost and capability for dynamic threshold-voltage control).
Metrology of white light interferometer for TSV processing (2014)

3D integration technology offers an alternative to traditional packaging designs. In traditional Moore’s law scaling, features are added to the die, with graphics, memory control and logic coprocessors all integrated onto the silicon chip. TSV (through silicon via) processing utilizes vertical electrical interconnects that provide the shortest possible path to establish an electrical connection from the device side to the backside of a die. This indirectly allows continues “Moore”- like scaling while only affecting the device packaging. White light interferometry (WLI) has been used for the measurement of topography, step height and via depth using its short coherence length. The nanometer level resolution of this technique is ideal for TSV measurements in the high aspect ratio vias. In this work, six white light interferometer measurements for TSV processing are discussed along with the importance of these measurements to TSV processing, namely: 1. Post-TSV etch: depth, top CD (TCD) and bottom CD (BCD) 2. Post-TSV liner BCD 3. Post-TSV barrier seed BCD 4. TSV electro-chemically plated (ECP) copper bump step height 5. Post-annealing bump step height 6. TSV CMP dishing These measurement steps have been implemented in-line for advanced technology node TSV process flows at GLOBALFOUNDRIES. The measurements demonstrate 90% correlation to reference metrology and &lt;0.5% repeatability. Cross section SEM was used as a reference for TSV profile and Cu bump measurements while AFM was used as a reference for dishing measurements.
Notes on the Interplay of Research on Media Space and Mobile Communication (2009)

In this chapter, we argue for the mutual relevance of media space and mobile communications researches. Surveying the two literatures, we note that the findings of media space research are often echoed by later mobile communication research and discuss some of the ideas they hold in common. However, mobile phones are used in a more diverse environment, both organizationally and physi- cally. As such, research on mobile communication can be seen as not only building upon, but also significantly extending media space research. We discuss a few cases where this is true, as well as our own attempts to explore these connections through design and prototyping.
High-throughput microarray technology in diagnostics of enterobacteria based on genome-wide probe selection and regression analysis (2010)

Our results demonstrate that the global probe selection approach based on longest common factor statistics as well as the design of a DNA microarray with a restricted set of discriminative probes enables robust discrimination of different enterobacterial variants and represents a proof of concept that can be adopted for diagnostics of a wide range of microbial pathogens. Our approach circumvents misclassifications arising from the application of virulence markers, which are highly affected by horizontal gene transfer. Moreover, a broad range of pathogens have been covered by an efficient probe set size enabling the design of high-throughput diagnostics.
Synthesis and characterization of scintillating lead-iodide-based nanocrystals (2008)

Lead-iodide-based nanocrystals were synthesized by dissolution of commercial lead iodide powder in a coordinating solvent, tetrahydrofuran, and subsequent re-crystallization after an optimum addition of methanol. The nanocrystals were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), steady state UV-visible optical absorption and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and by photoluminescence lifetime and quantum efficiency measurements. The radiation hardness of the synthesized material was tested using a <sup>137</sup>Cs gamma source. Scintillation was observed from the lead-iodide based material exposed to low-level gamma irradiation.
Neural networks for computation: number representations and programming complexity (1986)

Methods for using neural networks for computation are considered. The success of such networks in finding good solutions to complex problems is found to be dependent on the number representation schemes used. Redundant schemes are found to offer advantages in terms of convergence. Neural networks are applied to the combinatorial optimization problem known as the Hitchcock problem and signal processing problems, such as matrix inversion and Fourier transformation. The concept of programming complexity is introduced. It is shown that for some computational problems, the programming complexity may be so great as to limit the utility of neural networks, while for others the investment of computation in programming the network is justified. Simulations of neural networks using a digital computer are presented.
Towards improved understanding of PEG-impregnated waterlogged archaeological wood: A model study on recent oak (2010)

Abstract To prevent deformation and cracking of waterlogged archaeological wood, polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a bulk impregnation agent is commonly applied. PEG maintains the wood in a swollen state during drying. However, swelling of wood can reduce its mechanical properties. In this study, the cellular structure of oak and cell wall swelling was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of transverse cross-sections, and the microfibril angle of oak fibers was determined by wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS). Samples of recent European oak ( Quercus robur L) impregnated with PEG (molecular weight of 600) were tested in axial tension and radial compression. Mechanical tests showed that axial tensile modulus and strength were only slightly affected by PEG, whereas radial compressive modulus and yield strength were reduced by up to 50%. This behavior can be explained by the microstructure and deformation mechanisms of the material. Microfibril angles in tensile test samples were close to zero. This implies tensile loading of cellulose microfibrils within the fiber cell walls without almost any shear in the adjacent amorphous matrix. These results are important because they can help separate the impact of PEG on mechanical properties from that of chemical degradation in archaeological artifacts, which display only small to moderate biological degradation.
Prototype of High-Speed Data Transmission Receiving and Transmitting Equipment in the 57‒64 GHz Frequency Range (2023)

The purpose of this work is to create and study the characteristics of a prototype of receiving and transmitting equipment operating in the millimeter wavelength range in high-speed data transmission networks. During the work, the task of developing and software implementation of digital signal processing algorithms was solved, the hardware part was developed and implemented, experimental measurements of characteristics and field tests of the prototype were carried out. Experimental studies have shown that the developed equipment transmits and receives signals in the frequency range 57‒64 GHz with the possibility of discrete change of the signal frequency bandwidth: 100, 200, 400, 800 MHz and supports 12 modulation and coding schemes with low-density parity check code. The use of an adaptive algorithm for demodulation and decoding at the receiver made it possible to increase the efficiency of signal transmission and reduce the probability of packet errors by half. The developed prototype provides a data transmission rate of 2 Gbit/s at distances up to 100 m and of 500 Mbit/s at distances up to 300 m.
Learning Disentangled Representations of Satellite Image Time Series (2019)

In this paper, we investigate how to learn a suitable representation of satellite image time series in an unsupervised manner by leveraging large amounts of unlabeled data. Additionally , we aim to disentangle the representation of time series into two representations: a shared representation that captures the common information between the images of a time series and an exclusive representation that contains the specific information of each image of the time series. To address these issues, we propose a model that combines a novel component called cross-domain autoencoders with the variational autoencoder (VAE) and generative ad-versarial network (GAN) methods. In order to learn disentangled representations of time series, our model learns the multimodal image-to-image translation task. We train our model using satellite image time series from the Sentinel-2 mission. Several experiments are carried out to evaluate the obtained representations. We show that these disentangled representations can be very useful to perform multiple tasks such as image classification, image retrieval, image segmentation and change detection.
Expression of transforming growth factor beta superfamily and their receptors in the corneal stromal wound healing process after excimer laser keratectomy (1998)

Editor,—Corneal stromal clouding (corneal haze) develops after excimer laser keratectomy. During the corneal wound healing process after excimer laser keratectomy, abnormal subepithelial fibrous tissue is formed just under the abraded area, where keratocytes proliferate and extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagens (type III, IV, and VII), fibronectin, laminin, and tenascin, are deposited.1-3 This abnormal ECM deposition is thought to correspond to the corneal haze.

The transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) superfamily contains many multifunctional proteins, including TGF-βs, activins, and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs).4 They regulate cellular proliferation, differentiation, migration, and ECM production.4 Through these functions, TGF-β is known to regulate the wound healing process in many tissue. For example, TGF-β accelerates the abnormal …
Capacitive-Based, Closed-Loop Frequency Control of Substrate-Integrated Cavity Tunable Filters (2014)

In this paper, we present an integrated capacitive sensing technique that can be used to achieve closed-loop feedback control of variable capacitors. The technique is well suited for diaphragm-based actuators that can be used to tune the center frequency of microwave reconfigurable filters. A commercially available capaci-tance-to-digital converter is used to measure the capacitance of a custom-made monitoring capacitor. This capacitor is completely external to the filter structure and does not contribute to any added losses. A tunable, second-order, bandpass filter –using substrate-integrated, evanescent-mode cavity resonators– is created to demonstrate the concept. The frequency tuning is achieved using piezoelectric actuators to displace a flexible copper diaphragm that forms the top part of the loading capacitor. The monitoring capacitor consists of a second cavity that is mounted above the actuator forming a second air-filled, metal-insulator-metal capacitor. There exists a direct relationship between the monitoring capacitance and the loading capacitance in the evanescent-mode cavity. Therefore, by tracking the monitoring capacitance the center frequency of the filter can be monitored, which allows for direct in-situ closed-loop control of the filter. An algorithm for the tuning operation is presented, which includes an automatic calibration technique to initialize the controller. The effectiveness and repeatability of the technique is evaluated as the filter is tuned from 3.3 GHz to 3.7 GHz. Having stable feedback control integrated with this type of evanescent-mode cavity filters, brings the technology one step closer to actual fielding.