gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exceptional paternal inheritance of plastids in Arabidopsis suggests that low‐frequency leakage of plastids via pollen may be universal in plants (2007)

Plastid DNA is absent in pollen or sperm cells of Arabidopsis thaliana. Accordingly, plastids and mitochondria, in a standard genetic cross, are transmitted to the seed progeny by the maternal parent only. Our objective was to test whether paternal plastids are transmitted by pollen as an exception. The maternal parent in our cross was a nuclear male sterile (ms1-1/ms1-1), spectinomycin-sensitive Ler plant. It was fertilized with pollen of a male fertile RLD-Spc1 plant carrying a plastid-encoded spectinomycin resistance mutation. Seedlings with paternal plastids were selected by spectinomycin resistance encoded in the paternal plastid DNA. Our data, in general, support maternal inheritance of plastids in A. thaliana. However, we report that paternal plastids are transmitted to the seed progeny in Arabidopsis at a low (3.9 x 10(-5)) frequency. This observation extends previous reports in Antirrhinum majus, Epilobium hirsutum, Nicotiana tabacum, Petunia hybrida, and the cereal crop Setaria italica to a cruciferous species suggesting that low-frequency paternal leakage of plastids via pollen may be universal in plants previously thought to exhibit strict maternal plastid inheritance. The genetic tools employed here will facilitate testing the effect of Arabidopsis nuclear mutations on plastid inheritance and allow for the design of mutant screens to identify nuclear genes controlling plastid inheritance.
Behavior of intercore crosstalk in square-layout uncoupled four-core fibers (2022)

Recently, a very interesting behavior of crosstalk (XT) between diagonal cores (diagonal XT) in a square-layout uncoupled four-core fiber (UC-4CF) that grows quadratically with fiber length has been reported. In this paper, the behavior of intercore XT in square-layout UC-4CFs is investigated on the basis of a coupled-power theory. To make it easy to understand the physical mechanism of intercore XT behavior, we derive an approximate solution of coupled-power equations. We show that there exists a range of fiber lengths within which the diagonal XT grows quadratically. Finally, we propose a heterogeneous square-layout UC-4CF in which intercore XT could be further suppressed.
ChemInform Abstract: VIELZAEHNIGE ARSEN‐SCHWEFEL‐LIGANDEN 3. MITT. PLATIN(II)‐KOMPLEXE VON BIS‐(PHENYL‐(O‐METHYLMERCAPTO‐PHENYL)‐ARSINO)‐PROPAN UND ‐AETHAN (1971)

Abstract Die Reaktion von K‐tetrachloroplatinat(II) mit dem Propan‐Liganden führt zu einem als Tetraphenylborat (Ia) isolierten Chlor‐Pt(II)‐Kation.
Effect of Ion Coordination on the Conformational and Electronic Structure of 3,4-Bis(alkylthio)thiophenes (2001)

A joint experimental and theoretical approach is used to study the coordination of soft transition metal ions with 3,4-bis(alkylthio)thiophenes. The synthesis of [PdCl2{3,4-bis(3-methylbutylthio)thiophene}], [PtCl2{3,4-bis(3-methylbutylthio)thiophene}] and [PdCl2{3′,4′-bis[2-(S)-methylbutylthio]-2,2′:5′,2′′-terthiophene}] by exchange of the benzonitrile ligands in [PdCl2(PhCN)2] and [PtCl2(PhCN)2] for the thiophene derivatives with thioether side chains is described. Changes in the conformational and electronic structure of the molecules were studied by X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and optical and NMR spectroscopy; these experimental data are interpreted with the help of quantum mechanical calculations based on density functional theory. The complexes crystallize in a mixture of diastereoisomers, these stereoisomers are in equilibrium in solution, as observed by variable-temperature NMR spectroscopy. The complexation diminishes the electron-donor ability of the sulfur to the thiophene ring, as observed from the blueshift of the absorption maximum and from the absence of an oxidation wave in the positive potential regime for monomeric 3,4-bis(alkylthio)thiophenes. In this way it is possible to tune the properties of thiophene derivatives by ion coordination.
Highly‐Directional, Highly‐Efficient Solution‐Processed Light‐Emitting Diodes of All‐Face‐Down Oriented Colloidal Quantum Well Self‐Assembly (Small 29/2023) (2023)

All-Solution-Processed Light-Emitting Diodes In article number 2206582, Hilmi Volkan Demir and co-workers propose all solution-processed light-emitting diodes (LEDs) of all face-down oriented self-assembled monolayer (SAM) films of colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) and demonstrate them with a high external quantum efficiency of 18.1% and a maximum brightness of 19,800 cd m−2. Here the SAM-CQWs films boost the outcoupling efficiency from 22% of standard randomly-oriented emitters to 34% in our LEDs.
LiDAR-aided Integrated INS/GPS Navigation System for Unmanned Ground Vehicles in Urban and Indoor Environments Using Hybrid Adaptive Scan Matching Algorithm (2015)

This paper proposes a multi-sensor integrated navigation system for an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) that can be applied in both outdoor and indoor environments. In open sky, where GPS signals are available and LiDAR measurements are sparse, GPS is integrated with Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU). Meanwhile, in confined outdoor environments and indoors, where GPS is unreliable or unavailable and LiDAR measurements are rich, LiDAR replaces GPS to integrate with IMU. Moreover, the efficient yet vulnerable feature-based scan matching method, and accurate yet time-consuming scanned point-based scan matching method are combined as a hybrid scan matching algorithm. The algorithm can work and transit between two modes according to the environmental conditions. It takes advantage of the two matching methods and can achieve efficiency and robustness at the same time. In the filter design, a quaternion-based system model is derived. Real experiments are performed in both outdoor and indoor environments. Experimental results show that the multisensor integrated navigation system can implement ubiquitous navigation and sub-meter navigation accuracy can be achieved.
Advances and Opportunities of Oil-in-Oil Emulsions (2020)

Emulsions are mixtures of two immiscible liquids in which droplets of one are dispersed in a continuous phase of the other. The most common emulsions are oil-water systems, which have found widespread use across a number of industries, for example, in the cosmetic and food industries, and are also of advanced scientific interest. In addition, the past decade has seen a significant increase in both the design and application of nonaqueous emulsions. This has been primarily driven by developments in understanding the mechanism of effective stabilization of oil-in-oil (o/o) systems, either using block copolymers (BCPs) or solid (Pickering) particles with appropriate surface functionality. These systems, as highlighted in this review, have enabled emergent applications in areas such as pharmaceutical delivery, energy storage, and materials design (e.g., polymerization, monolith, and porous polymer synthesis). These o/o emulsions complement traditional emulsions that utilize an aqueous phase and allow the use of materials incompatible with water. We assess recent advances in the preparation and stabilization of o/o emulsions, focusing on the identity of the stabilizer (BCP or particle), the interplay between stabilizer and oils, and highlighting applications and opportunities associated with o/o emulsions.
Physical and Biological Properties of the Spinosyns: Novel Macrolide Pest-Control Agents from Fermentation (1997)

The spinosyns have commercial levels of activity against lepidopteran pests. The spinosyns also exhibit activity in screening assays on leaf-hoppers/planthoppers, mites, and cockroaches. The spinosyns are generally not active against aphids or nematodes. Acid addition salts are much more water soluble than the free bases but have a similar insecticidal spectrum and activity. Small changes in the chemical structure of the spinosyns lead to large differences in physical and biological properties. For example, the presence of a methyl group at 6-position (spinosyn D) reduces water solubility from 235 to 0.329 ppm at pH 7 and increases the melting point from 118 °C to 169 °C relative to spinosyn A. Similarly, the absence of a methyl group at the 3'-position (spinosyn J) decreases tobacco budworm activity by more than 200-fold relative to spinosyn A.
Discovery of (2R)-N-[3-[2-[(3-Methoxy-1-methyl-pyrazol-4-yl)amino]pyrimidin-4-yl]-1H-indol-7-yl]-2-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)propenamide (AZD4205) as a Potent and Selective Janus Kinase 1 Inhibitor (2020)

JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 belong to the JAK (Janus kinase) family. They play critical roles in cytokine signaling. Constitutive activation of JAK/STAT pathways is associated with a wide variety of diseases. Particularly, pSTAT3 is observed in response to the treatment with inhibitors of oncogenic signaling pathways such as EGFR, MAPK, and AKT and is associated with resistance or poorer response to agents targeting these pathways. Among the JAK family kinases, JAK1 has been shown to be the primary driver of STAT3 phosphorylation and signaling; therefore, selective JAK1 inhibition can be a viable means to overcome such treatment resistances. Herein, an account of the medicinal chemistry optimization from the promiscuous kinase screening hit <b>3</b> to the candidate drug <b>21</b> (AZD4205), a highly selective JAK1 kinase inhibitor, is reported. Compound <b>21</b> has good preclinical pharmacokinetics. Compound <b>21</b> displayed an enhanced antitumor activity in combination with an approved EGFR inhibitor, osimertinib, in a preclinical non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) xenograft NCI-H1975 model.
Generation of a stable low-frequency squeezed vacuum field with periodically poled KTiOPO_4 at 1064 nm (2008)

We report the generation of a stable continuous-wave low-frequency squeezed vacuum field with a squeezing level of 7.4+/-0.1 dB at 1064 nm, the wavelength at which laser-interferometric gravitational wave (GW) detectors operate, using periodically poled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) in a subthreshold optical parametric oscillator. The squeezing was observed in a broad band of frequencies above 700 Hz where the sensitivity of the currently operational GW detectors is limited by shot noise. PPKTP has the advantages of higher nonlinearity, smaller pump-induced seed absorption, and wider temperature tuning range than alternative nonlinear materials such as MgO-doped or periodically poled LiNbO3, and is, therefore, an excellent material for generation of squeezed vacuum fields for application to laser interferometers for GW detection.
"Millipede": a MEMS-based scanning-probe data-storage system (2003)

Ultrahigh storage densities of up to 1 Tbit/in./sup 2/ or more can be achieved by local-probe techniques to write, read back, and erase data in very thin polymer films. The thermomechanical scanning-probe-based data-storage concept called Millipede combines ultrahigh density, small form factor, and high data rate. After illustrating the principles of operation of the Millipede, we introduce system aspects related to the read-back process, multiplexing, and position-error-signal generation for tracking.
Sensor management for local obstacle detection in mobile robots (2003)

In experimental robotics it is common to complement the motion planning algorithm with a local obstacle avoidance module. We are concerned here with the specifications of a range sensor specifically design for the task. Such sensor has special requirements: it has to guarantee detection and response, and it has to guarantee throughput, providing information ail a rate in proportion to robot velocity. An analysis is presented which allows the selection of the sensor requirements for collision avoidance tasks in mobile robots. The design takes into account robot dynamics, it is compatible with fast motion-only the indispensable environment zones are explored-and avoids unnecessary velocity reductions. Experiments show the possibilities and limitations of the approach.
Magnetic resonance‐guided radiation therapy: A review (2019)

Magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MRgRT) is a promising approach to improving clinical outcomes for patients treated with radiation therapy. The roles of image guidance, adaptive planning and magnetic resonance imaging in radiation therapy have been increasing over the last two decades. Technical advances have led to the feasible combination of magnetic resonance imaging and radiation therapy technologies, leading to improved soft-tissue visualisation, assessment of inter- and intrafraction motion, motion management, online adaptive radiation therapy and the incorporation of functional information into treatment. MRgRT can potentially transform radiation oncology by improving tumour control and quality of life after radiation therapy and increasing convenience of treatment by shortening treatment courses for patients. Multiple groups have developed clinical implementations of MRgRT predominantly in the abdomen and pelvis, with patients having been treated since 2014. While studies of MRgRT have primarily been dosimetric so far, an increasing number of trials are underway examining the potential clinical benefits of MRgRT, with coordinated efforts to rigorously evaluate the benefits of the promising technology. This review discusses the current implementations, studies, potential benefits and challenges of MRgRT.
Niobium(v) chloride and imidazolium bromides as efficient dual catalyst systems for the cycloaddition of carbon dioxide and propylene oxide (2014)

Imidazolium bromides combined with niobium<sc>(v)</sc> choride were used as catalyst system for the reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> with epoxides to cyclic carbonates. The variation of the cation structure strongly affects the properties of the imidazolium salt and therefore the catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Stereochemistry of Novel Triarylmesitylenes. Bases for Rigid Tridentate Ligands. (1988)

Abstract The triarylmesitylenes (III) are prepared from the tribromomesitylene (I) and the arylboronic acids (II).
Supplementary Table 1 from Systematic Kinome shRNA Screening Identifies CDK11 (PITSLRE) Kinase Expression Is Critical for Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Proliferation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 43K, Lentiviral shRNA sequences target CDK11 (PITSLRE).&lt;/p&gt;
Towards fast 3D ear recognition for real-life biometric applications (2007)

Three-dimensional data are increasingly being used for biometric purposes as they offer resilience to problems common mon in two-dimensional data. They have been successfully applied to face recognition and more recently to ear recognition. However, real-life biometric applications require algorithms that are both robust and efficient so that they scale well with the size of the databases. A novel ear recognition method is presented that uses a generic annotated ear model to register and fit each ear dataset. Then a compact biometric signature is extracted that retains 3D information. The proposed method is evaluated using the largest publicly available 3D ear database appended with our own database, resulting in a database containing data from multiple 3D sensor types. Using this database it is shown that the proposed method is not only robust, accurate and sensor invariant but also extremely efficient, thus making it suitable for real-life biometric applications.
Copper Electroless Bonding of Dome-Shaped Pillars for Chip-to-Package Interconnect (2011)

Electroless plating was used to achieve compliant bonding between two components with electroplated copper pillars for chip-to-package interconnects. The geometry of the pillars was modified from flat-topped to round, dome-shaped structures by addition of a leveler to the electroplating bath used to form the pillars. The effect of the dome-shaped structure on the electroless joining process was studied using different electroless plating baths. The baths contained a surfactant and used forced convection during electroplating. Void trapping was observed in the electroless region between the domed, electroplated pillars, however, the size of the voids is smaller than previously reported with flat-topped pillars. The surfactant, Triton X-100 was found to decrease void formation at the electroless joint.
Modifications Modulate Anticodon Loop Dynamics and Codon Recognition in E. coli tRNA Arg1,2 (2015)

In E. coli , three of six arginine codons (CGU, CGC and CGA) are decoded by only two tRNA Arg isoacceptors. The anticodon‐stem loop (ASL) domains of tRNA Arg1 and tRNA Arg2 differ only at position 32: tRNA Arg1 is posttranscriptionally modified to contain a 2‐thiocytidine (s 2 C 32 ). Both isoacceptors also contain naturally‐occurring inosine (I 34 ) and 2‐methyladenosine (m 2 A­­ 37 ) modifications. To investigate the functional roles of these modifications, six ASL constructs differing in modification profile were analyzed using binding studies and structural and computational methods. Ribosome filter binding assays showed that while I 34 facilitates wobble codon binding, both s 2 C 32 and m 2 A 37 modulate that effect by negating binding to the rare CGA codon. When a non‐naturally occurring s 2 C 32 was introduced for C 32 in an unrelated S. cerevisiae tRNA ASL Leu construct also containing I 34 , the same functional restriction of CGA binding was observed. The NMR and x‐ray crystallographic structures of the ASLs showed only a minor anticodon loop perturbation upon inclusion of s 2 C 32 . The mechanism of its effect on codon binding was then investigated by molecular dynamics simulations, which suggested that both s 2 C 32 and m 2 A 37 afford the ASL greater flexibility and conformational accessibility and explained their ability to adopt one structure free in solution and two others when bound to the cognate arginyl‐tRNA synthetase or to codons on the ribosome.
Candidate surrogate endpoints in advanced prostate cancer: Aggregate meta-analysis of 143 randomized trials. (2022)

5039 Background: The Intermediate Clinical Endpoints (ICEs) in Cancer of the Prostate (ICECaP) working group identified metastasis-free survival as a valid surrogate endpoint for overall survival (OS) for patients with localized prostate cancer. No comparably validated surrogate endpoints for OS exist in advanced prostate cancer. Methods: In this meta-analysis, PubMed was searched for trials in advanced prostate cancer, defined as node positive (N1M0), metastatic castration-sensitive (mCSPC), non-metastatic (M0CRPC), or metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Eligible randomized trials were required to report OS and ≥1 intermediate clinical endpoint (ICE). ICEs included biochemical-failure (BF), clinical failure (CF), BF-free survival (BFS), progression-free survival (PFS), radiographic PFS (radiographic +/- other study defined endpoints). Candidacy for surrogacy was assessed using the second condition of the meta-analytic approach, correlation of the treatment effect of the ICE and OS, using R 2 weighted by the inverse variance of the log ICE hazard ratio and defined as an R 2 &gt; 0.70. Results: A total of 143 randomized trials (n = 75,601 patients) were included. No candidate endpoints met criteria for surrogacy; R 2 BF (n = 28,922) 0.42 (95%CI 0.18-0.64), BFS (n = 25,741) 0.57 (95%CI 0.37-0.73), CF (n = 22,616) 0.31 (95%CI 0.0075-0.56), PFS (n = 52,639) 0.50 (95%CI 0.35-0.63), and radiographic PFS (n = 52,548) 0.50 (95%CI 0.35-0.63). Within preplanned subgroups by castration sensitive or resistant disease, or by treatment type, neither BFS nor PFS met criteria for surrogacy. When assessing radiographically-defined progression (exclusive or with clinical progression), PFS for the overall group and by castration status did not meet criteria for surrogacy. Sensitivity analyses demonstrated that candidacy for surrogacy of all endpoints tested did not change over time. Conclusions: Our aggregate screening method for surrogate endpoints in advanced prostate cancer demonstrated commonly used clinical endpoints are not valid surrogate endpoints for OS, and further composite endpoint construction is necessary.
Loss Measurement in Plasmonic Modes in Metal-Insulator-Metal Waveguides by Attenuated Total Reflection (2010)

We report experimental characterization of plasmonic modes in metal-insulator-metal waveguides based on the attenuated total reflection (ATR) configuration. The loss is measured without physically changing the waveguide length as in conventional methods.
Improved resolution of an i-line stepper using a phase-shifting mask (1990)

Improved resolution of an available i-line (365 nm) stepper using a phase-shifting mask is discussed. The resolution investigated here is not only for periodic lines but also for isolated spaces and hole patterns. To reduce the sizes of isolated space images for printing fine single spaces on a wafer, two additional line apertures with widths smaller than the critical dimension of the stepper lens are placed on each side of the main aperture of the mask. The optical phase of light passing through the main aperture and those through additional apertures are opposite. The additional apertures play a role in reducing the bright feature size to less than the line spread function of the lens. Similarly, printing a fine hole is accomplished by using a main aperture surrounded by four additional apertures. The intensity distribution on the wafer surface is simulated by comparing the images obtained with a phase-shifting mask and those obtained with a conventional transmission mask. Printing fine patterns are performed using an i-line stepper with a numerical aperture (NA) of 0.42. A pattern of 0.3 μm lines and spaces, 0.3 μm isolated spaces, and 0.4 μm hole patterns are resolved using the phase-shifting mask. The process latitudes and the effects of variations in the optical phase of the additional apertures are also investigated. The image simulations and experimental results suggest that the phase-shifting mask improve not only resolution but also exposure latitude and focus latitude. Furthermore, it is found that it is possible to control the position of the best focal plane by changing the optical phases of the additional apertures.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of 2‐Azido C‐Glycosyl Sugars. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Deep learning detects cardiotoxicity in a high-content screen with induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (2021)

Drug-induced cardiotoxicity and hepatotoxicity are major causes of drug attrition. To decrease late-stage drug attrition, pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries need to establish biologically relevant models that use phenotypic screening to detect drug-induced toxicity in vitro. In this study, we sought to rapidly detect patterns of cardiotoxicity using high-content image analysis with deep learning and induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (iPSC-CMs). We screened a library of 1280 bioactive compounds and identified those with potential cardiotoxic liabilities in iPSC-CMs using a single-parameter score based on deep learning. Compounds demonstrating cardiotoxicity in iPSC-CMs included DNA intercalators, ion channel blockers, epidermal growth factor receptor, cyclin-dependent kinase, and multi-kinase inhibitors. We also screened a diverse library of molecules with unknown targets and identified chemical frameworks that show cardiotoxic signal in iPSC-CMs. By using this screening approach during target discovery and lead optimization, we can de-risk early-stage drug discovery. We show that the broad applicability of combining deep learning with iPSC technology is an effective way to interrogate cellular phenotypes and identify drugs that may protect against diseased phenotypes and deleterious mutations.