gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Assembly of Gold Nanoparticle “Shells” on Polyurethane Microsphere “Cores” and Their Application as Enzyme Immobilization Templates (2003)

The assembly of aqueous gold nanoparticles on the surface of polyurethane (PU) spheres leading to [gold nanoparticle shell]−[polyurethane core] structures is demonstrated. The assembly of gold nanoparticles on the polymer microspheres occurs through interaction of the nitrogens in the polymer with the nanoparticles. Such direct assembly obviates the need to perform additional surface modification of the polymer microspheres, which is an important step in other polymer-based core−shell structure protocols. The nanogold−PU material is then conjugated with the enzyme pepsin, leading to the formation of a new class of biocatalyst. In relation to the free enzyme in solution, the new bioconjugate material exhibited a slightly higher biocatalytic activity and significantly enhanced pH and temperature stability. The use of gold nanoparticle-labeled polymer microspheres in pepsin bioconjugation enables easy separation from the reaction medium and reuse of the bioconjugate over six reaction cycles.
Ceria nanoparticles as heterogeneous catalyst for CO2 fixation by ω-aminoalcohols (2010)

In contrast to gamma-Al(2)O(3), TiO(2), ZrO(2), MgO and Y(2)O(3), CeO(2) is a reusable catalyst for the reaction of CO(2) with omega-aminoalcohols to form cyclic carbamates; the highest yield (68%) was obtained for the preparation of N-alkyl 1,3-oxazolidin-2-ones from N-alkyl ethanolamines.
Synthesis and metabotropic receptor activity of the novel rigidified glutamate analogs (+)- and (-)-trans-azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid and their N-methyl derivatives (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and metabotropic receptor activity of the novel rigidified glutamate analogs (+)- and (-)-trans-azetidine-2,4-dicarboxylic acid and their N-methyl derivativesA. P. Kozikowski, W. Tuckmantel, Y. Liao, H. Manev, S. Ikonomovic, and J. T. WroblewskiCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 18, 2706–2708Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00070a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00070a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dexamethasone Conjugation to Biodegradable Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-Assemblies Promotes Selective Liver Targeting and Improves Therapeutic Efficacy in an Autoimmune Hepatitis Murine Model (2019)

Steroids are the standard therapy for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) but the long-lasting administration is hampered by severe side effects. Methods to improve the tropism of the drug toward the liver are therefore required. Among them, conjugation to nanoparticles represents one possible strategy. In this study, we exploited the natural liver tropism of Avidin-Nucleic-Acid-Nano-Assemblies (ANANAS) to carry dexamethasone selectively to the liver in an AIH animal model. An acid-labile biotin-hydrazone linker was developed for reversible dexamethasone loading onto ANANAS. The biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and efficacy of free and ANANAS-linked dexamethasone (ANANAS-Hz-Dex) in healthy and AIH mice were investigated upon intraperitoneal administration. In ANANAS-treated animals, the free drug was detected only in the liver. Super-resolution microscopy showed that nanoparticles segregate inside lysosomes of liver immunocompetent cells, mainly involved in AIH progression. In agreement with these observational results, chronic low-dose treatment with ANANAS-Hz-Dex reduced the expression of liver inflammation markers and, in contrast to the free drug, also the levels of circulating AIH-specific autoantibodies. These data suggest that the ANANAS carrier attenuates AIH-related liver damage without drug accumulation in off-site tissues. The safety and biodegradability of the ANANAS carrier make this formulation a promising tool for the treatment of autoimmune liver disorders.
Genetic Algorithms and Explicit Search Statistics (1996)

The genetic algorithm (GA) is a heuristic search procedure based on mechanisms abstracted from population genetics. In a previous paper [Baluja &amp;amp; Caruana, 1995], we showed that much simpler algorithms, such as hillclimbing and Population-Based Incremental Learning (PBIL), perform comparably to GAs on an optimization problem custom designed to benefit from the GA’s operators. This paper extends these results in two directions. First, in a large-scale empirical comparison of problems that have been reported in GA literature, we show that on many problems, simpler algorithms can perform significantly better than GAs. Second, we describe when crossover is useful, and show how it can be incorporated into PBIL. 1 IMPLICIT VS. EXPLICIT SEARCH STATISTICS Although there has recently been controversy in the genetic algorithm (GA) community as to whether GAs should be used for static function optimization, a large amount of research has been, and continues to be, conducted in this direction [De Jong, 1992]. Since much of GA research focuses on optimization (most often in static environments), this study examines
Controlling the Electrochemical Etching of Pores with High Aspect Ratio at the Submicrometer Scale in Silicon (2017)

The controlled electrochemical etching at high anodic voltage (up to 35 V) of two-dimensional arrays of ordered pores with sub-micrometric diameter (down to 800 nm) at high depths (up to 40 μm) and high density (spacing 1.8 μm), yielding a maximum aspect ratio of 50, using low-doped (resistivity 3-8 Ωcm) n-type silicon is hereby for the first time demonstrated and discussed.
Fast thermal profiling of power semiconductor devices using Fourier techniques (2004)

Accurate prediction of temperature variation of power semiconductor devices in power electronic circuits is important to obtain optimum designs and estimate reliability levels. Temperature estimation of power electronic devices has generally been performed using transient thermal equivalent circuits. In the presence of varying load cycles, it has been typical to resort to a time domain electrical simulation tool such as P-Spice/sup TM/ or SABER/sup TM/ to obtain a time series of the temperature profiles. However, for complex and periodic load cycles, time series simulation is time consuming. In this paper, a fast fourier analysis based approach is presented for obtaining temperature profiles for power semiconductors. The model can be implemented readily into a spreadsheet or simple mathematical algebraic calculation software. The technique can be used for predicting lifetime and reliability level of power circuits easily. Details of the analytical approach and illustrative examples are presented in the paper.
Deadlock-free fault-tolerant routing in injured hypercubes (1993)

Wormhole routing with the e-cube algorithm is an excellent solution for deadlock-free interprocess communication in healthy hypercubes. However, it does not work for injured hypercubes where some nodes and/or links are faulty. The authors propose a new deadlock-free routing scheme in an injured hypercube with the wormhole routing capability. All previously proposed schemes suggest the use of virtual channels to avoid the cycle of resource dependency. By contrast, the authors' scheme is based on the re-establishment of a routing path to the destination, but it does not always yield a shortest path between the source and destination. The proposed routing scheme uses either wormhole routing or staged routing, depending on the availability of one or more healthy (n-2)-cubes within an injured n-cube.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electro-thermal simulation of a 100 A, 10 kV half-bridge SiC MOSFET/JBS power module (2008)

This paper presents the results from a parametric simulation study that was conducted to optimize the performance of 100 A, 10 kV, 20 kHz half-bridge SiC MOSFET/JBS power modules. The power modules are being developed by the DARPA WBGS-HPE Phase II program and will be used in the 13.8 kV, 2.75 MVA SSPS developed in the HPE Phase III program. The simulations are performed using recently developed and validated physics-based electrical and thermal models. The total device active areas and the various gate resistances and inductances are optimized in order to minimize overall power dissipation. A detailed description of the loss mechanisms and the simulation results for a representative SSPS topology is also presented.
Targeted PRINT Hydrogels: The Role of Nanoparticle Size and Ligand Density on Cell Association, Biodistribution, and Tumor Accumulation (2015)

In this Letter, we varied targeting ligand density of an EGFR binding affibody on the surface of two different hydrogel PRINT nanoparticles (80 nm × 320 and 55 nm × 60 nm) and monitored effects on target-cell association, off-target phagocytic uptake, biodistribution, and tumor accumulation. Interestingly, variations in ligand density only significantly altered in vitro internalization rates for the 80 nm × 320 nm particle. However, in vivo, both particle sizes experienced significant changes in biodistribution and pharmacokinetics as a function of ligand density. Overall, nanoparticle size and passive accumulation were the dominant factors eliciting tumor sequestration.
Absolute measurement of phosphorescent cross sections for upconverting phosphors (1998)

Summary form only given. A measurement of the absolute phosphorescence emission per particle for (Y/sub 0.86/Yb/sub 0.08/Er/sub 0.062/O/sub 2/S) upconverting phosphor particles as a function of excitation intensity is shown. The phosphorescence cross section is equal to the ratio of the emitted power to the excitation intensity. The phosphorescence cross section for upconverting phosphors is a strong function of excitation intensity. The intensity dependence of the phosphors is separately measured on powder phosphor samples. To minimize thermal effects on this measurement, the powder phosphor samples are rotated in the laser beam. The spot size of the laser is measured with a CCD camera.
The role of p53 and p21 in cancer therapy with MDM2 inhibitor. (2004)

3635 MDM2 is amplified or overexpressed in many human malignancies and high MDM2 levels are associated with poor prognosis. We and others have shown that MDM2 may be a valuable target for human cancer therapy. Recently, we have developed a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide targeting human MDM2 mRNA, which has demonstrated antitumor activity in more than 15 cell lines and xenografts of human cancers with various p53 statuses (Clin. Cancer. Res. 2001; 7, 3613-3624; Mol. Med.2002,8, 185–199; Prostate 2003,54, 194–205; PNAS 2003,100, 11636–11641). These results further confirm that MDM2 has both p53-dependent and p53-independent activities. In addition, up-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 has consistently been observed following MDM2 inhibition, regardless of p53 status. The present study was designed to determine the role of p53 and p21 in the therapeutic effectiveness of the MDM2 inhibitor, using four genetically modified HCT116 colon cancer cell lines with various p53 and p21 gene backgrounds, parental (p53+/+ and p21+/+), p53 knockout (KO) (p53−/−), p21 KO (p21−/− ), and p53 and p21 double KO (p53−/− and p21−/−) cells. At least five novel and significant results were generated. First, in a dose-dependent manner, the antisense oligonucleotide specifically inhibited MDM2 expression in all cell lines. Second, compared with parental cells, the p53 KO cells were less sensitive to the anti-MDM2 antisense oligonucleotide, as measured by in vitro cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis assays. Compared with p21 KO cells, p53/p21 double KO cells showed less sensitivity to anti-MDM2 antisense treatment in vitro. Third, overexpression of MDM2 by transfection of pcDNA3-MDM2 significantly decreased p21 levels in parental and p53 KO cells, promoting proliferation and inhibiting apoptosis. Fourth, the in vivo study demonstrated that p53 KO and p21 KO xenografts were less responsive to antisense MDM2 oligonucleotide compared with parental cells. The p53/p21 double KO cells were the fastest growing xenografts among the test cells and also less responsive to MDM2 inhibition. Fifth, compared to parental cells, p53 KO cells were resistant to radiation treatment in vitro and in vivo. In summary, we provide evidence supporting the importance of p53 and p21 in therapy with an antisense MDM2 inhibitor. These newly identified mechanisms may have potential in the development of novel anticancer agents. (Supported by NIH/NCI grant CA80698.)
MEMS Components for NMR Atomic Sensors (2018)

This paper introduces a batch fabrication method to manufacture micro-electromechanical system (MEMS) components for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) atomic sensors, such as NMR gyroscope (NMRG) and NMR magnetometer (NMRM). The components presented are: 1) micro-coils generating the magnetic field with the magnetic field homogeneity of H = 354 ppm; 2) spherical micro-fabricated atomic cells confining alkali metal and noble gases; 3) micro-heaters keeping the alkali metal in a vapor state while minimizing residual magnetic fields; and 4) origamilike silicon structures with integrated optical reflectors preserving 90.9% of the light polarization. The introduced design utilized a glassblowing process, origamilike folding, and a more traditional MEMS fabrication. We presented an analytical model of imperfections, including errors associated with microfabrication of MEMS components. In light of the developed error model, phenomenological dynamic model describing NMR sensors, and experimental evaluation of components, we predicted the effect of errors on performance of NMRG and NMRM. We concluded that with a realistic design, a 5-mrad angular misalignment between coils and folded mirrors, and a 100-μm linear misalignment between folded coils, it would be feasible to achieve an NMRG with ARW 0.1 deg/rt-hr and an NMRM with sensitivity on the order of 10 fT/rt-Hz.
Multiple elements within the glucocorticoid regulatory unit of the rat alpha 1-acid glycoprotein gene are recognition sites for C/EBP. (1992)

Sequences between -106 and -42, located immediately downstream of the glucocorticoid response element, are essential for efficient glucocorticoid-stimulated expression of the alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) gene. We have used mobility shift assays with oligonucleotides bearing wild type and mutated sequences from segmented portions of this region to characterize the specific interaction of similar binding factors from rat liver and HTC rat hepatoma cell nuclear extracts. One of these factors, AGP nuclear factor 2 (ANF-2), appears capable of dual interaction with the homologous recognition sites, HA (-133 to -104) and HB (-81 to -72), which overlap and are located downstream of the glucocorticoid response element, respectively. Using an affinity matrix containing the HB sequence we have isolated ANF-2 from rat liver nuclear extracts. On the basis of immunological evidence rat liver ANF-2 was confirmed to be highly related and probably identical to CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP). Methylation protection analyses with partially purified, rat liver ANF-2 confirmed HA and HB as recognition sites for C/EBP-related factors and are consistent with the location of a third interaction site for these transactivating proteins at HX (-102 to -93). We propose that the sequences HA, HX, and HB, spanning residues -113 to -72 of the AGP promoter, might serve as recognition sites for a family of C/EBP-like nuclear factors that coordinate the glucocorticoid-mediated induction of the AGP gene.
COSTIMULATION IN TRANS CAN MEDIATE ACUTE REJECTION OF CARDIAC ALLOGRAFTS. (2000)

Kishimoto, Koji1; Sayegh, Mohamed H.; Auchincloss, Hugh; Sharpe, Arlene H.; Mandelbrot, Didier A. Author Information
Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Difluoromethylated Cyclopropanes (2017)

The first catalytic asymmetric synthesis of highly functionalized difluoromethylated cyclopropanes is described. The method, based on a rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation of difluoromethylated olefins, gives access to a broad range of cyclopropanes bearing ester, ketone, or nitro functional groups. By using Rh<sub>2</sub> ((S)-BTPCP)<sub>4</sub> as a catalyst, the corresponding products were obtained in high yields and high diastereo- and enantioselectivities (up 20:1 d.r. and 99 % ee). This methodology allowed preparation of enantioenriched difluoromethylcyclopropanes for the first time.
Toward Online Verification of Client Behavior in Distributed Applications. (2013)

Existing techniques for a server to verify the correctness of client behavior in a distributed application suffer from imprecision, increased bandwidth consumption, or signifi-cant computational expense. We present a novel method for a server to efficiently search for a code path through the client that “explains ” each client message, even though the server does not know local inputs to the client that might have caused the message. This method gives rise to a pre-cise client verification technique that consumes no addi-tional bandwidth and that validates most legitimate client messages much faster than previous such techniques. Our technique can gain even further improvements with a min-imal increase in bandwidth use. We detail this innova-tion and use it to verify client behavior in two client-server games, namely XPilot and TetriNET. In our best configura-tion, verification often keeps pace with TetriNET gameplay. 1.
Local drug delivery systems for the treatment of periodontal disease. (1991)

Filmy local drug delivery systems (LDDSs) were administered to periodontal pockets in beagles with induced periodontitis, and the in vivo-in vitro correlation of drug release from the LDDS and changes in the clindamycin (CLDM) concentration in the periodontal pocket fluid were studied. The in vitro drug release rate from the LDDS was determined by the dissolution study, without agitation, using phosphate buffer as the dissolution medium at 37 degrees C, and the in vivo drug release rate was determined according to the decrease in the drug load remaining in the LDDS after administration in periodontal pockets. The in vivo drug release rate from LDDSs was lower than the in vitro rate determined by the dissolution study, but the two rates showed a correlation in LDDSs that released drugs by diffusion. Therefore, the in vivo drug release rate was considered to be estimated from the results of the in vitro dissolution study. Changes in the drug concentration in the periodontal pocket fluid after administration of LDDS were dependent on the drug release properties of the LDDS. Also, when CLDM was administered as an aqueous solution in periodontal pockets, its concentration in the periodontal pocket fluid decreased according to a pseudo first-order equation. Therefore, the concentration in the periodontal pocket fluid after administration of a LDDS is considered to be simulated by the one compartment model based on a pseudo first-order elimination process.
Signal detection for communications in the underwater acoustic environment (2001)

Signal detection is a critical stage in the implementation of any effective communications system. The underwater acoustic environment, particularly in the presence of underwater vehicles, presents significant challenges to reliable detection without excessive false alarms. While there is often sufficient signal-to-noise ratio with respect to stationary broad-band background noise to permit reliable operation, the presence of strong event-like interference signals such as narrow-band signals and impulsive broad-band signals complicates the detection problem significantly. Frequency-hopped signals interleaved with quiescent bands are proposed as the basis of a robust detection system. These signals also make robust detection possible in a multi-access communications system. Two new detection algorithms that exploit the particular structure of these frequency-hopped signals are developed and their performance is analyzed. This analysis uses a modification of the doubly noncentral F-distribution that has not been used previously for such analysis. This distribution makes possible the direct calculation of probabilities of detection and false-alarm under interference and signal scenarios that cannot be analyzed using the better known noncentral F-distribution. With this analysis, the two developed detectors are shown to offer superior performance to that of either the CFAR detector or the binary data sequence detector. Experimental data confirms the theoretically derived results.
Taking Issue with "Chemistry Is Not a Laboratory Science" (2005)

In a recent commentary entitled “Chemistry Is Not a Laboratory Science,” Stephen J. Hawkes contends that laboratory courses are not needed in the chemistry curriculum. I have to take issue with this article in many respects.
Band structure and effective properties of one-dimensional thermoacoustic Bloch waves (2021)

We investigate the dispersion characteristics and the effective properties of acoustic waves propagating in a one-dimensional duct equipped with periodic thermoacoustic coupling elements. Each coupling element consists of a classical thermoacoustic regenerator subject to a static spatial temperature gradient. When acoustic waves pass through the regenerator, thermal-to-acoustic energy conversion takes place and can either amplify or attenuate the wave, depending on the direction of propagation of the wave. The presence of the spatial gradient naturally induces a loss of reciprocity. This paper provides a comprehensive theoretical model as well as an in-depth numerical analysis of the band structure and of the propagation properties of this thermoacoustically coupled, tunable, one-dimensional metamaterial. Among the most significant findings, it is shown that the acoustic metamaterial is capable of supporting nonreciprocal thermoacoustic Bloch waves that are associated with a particular form of unidirectional energy transport. The nonreciprocal nature of the waveguide in the long wavelength limit is well understood by seeing the waveguide as an acoustic Willis material. The homogenized material properties following the Willis approach help both the analysis and the interpretation of the waveguide dynamic behavior in selected frequency ranges. Remarkably, the thermoacoustic coupling also allows achieving a zero refractive index that ultimately leads to phase-invariant propagating sound waves. This zero-index property is shown to have very interesting implications to attain acoustic cloaking.