gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adiabatic Ekpyrosis: Scale-Invariant Curvature Perturbations from a Single Scalar Field in a Contracting Universe (2010)

The Universe can be made flat and smooth by undergoing a phase of ultraslow (ekpyrotic) contraction, a condition achievable with a single, canonical scalar field and conventional general relativity. It has been argued, though, that generating scale-invariant density perturbations requires at least two scalar fields and a two-step process that first produces entropy fluctuations and then converts them to curvature perturbations. In this Letter we identify a loophole in the argument and introduce an ekpyrotic model based on a single, canonical scalar field that generates nearly scale-invariant curvature fluctuations through a purely "adiabatic mechanism" in which the background evolution is a dynamical attractor. The resulting spectrum can be slightly red with distinctive non-Gaussian fluctuations.
Ice-assisted electron beam lithography of graphene (2012)

We demonstrate that a low energy focused electron beam can locally pattern graphene coated with a thin ice layer. The irradiated ice plays a crucial role in the process by providing activated species that locally remove graphene from a silicon dioxide substrate. After patterning the graphene, the ice resist is easily removed by sublimation to leave behind a clean surface with no further processing. More generally, our findings demonstrate that ice-assisted e-beam lithography can be used to pattern very thin materials deposited on substrate surfaces. The procedure is performed in situ in a modified scanning electron microscope. Desirable structures such as nanoribbons are created using the method. Defects in graphene from electrons backscattered from the bulk substrate are identified. They extend several microns from the e-beam writing location. We demonstrate that these defects can be greatly reduced and localized by using thinner substrates and/or gentle thermal annealing.
Mouse Wnt1-CRE-RosaTomato Dental Pulp Stem Cells Directly Contribute to the Calvarial Bone Regeneration Process (2019)

Stem cells endowed with skeletogenic potentials seeded in specific scaffolds are considered attractive tissue engineering strategies for treating large bone defects. In the context of craniofacial bone, mesenchymal stromal/stem cells derived from the dental pulp (DPSCs) have demonstrated significant osteogenic properties. Their neural crest embryonic origin further makes them a potential accessible therapeutic tool to repair craniofacial bone. The stem cells' direct involvement in the repair process versus a paracrine effect is however still discussed. To clarify this question, we have followed the fate of fluorescent murine DPSCs derived from PN3 Wnt1-CRE- Rosa<sup>Tomato</sup> mouse molar (T-mDPSCs) during the repair process of calvaria bone defects. Two symmetrical critical defects created on each parietal region were filled with (a) dense collagen scaffolds seeded with T-mDPSCs, (b) noncellularized scaffolds, or (c) no scaffold. Mice were imaged over a 3-month period by microcomputed tomography to evaluate the extent of repair and by biphotonic microscopy to track T-mDPSCs. Histological and immunocytochemical analyses were performed in parallel to characterize the nature of the repaired tissue. We show that T-mDPSCs are present up to 3 months postimplantation in the healing defect and that they rapidly differentiate in chondrocyte-like cells expressing all the expected characteristic markers. T-mDPSCs further maturate into hypertrophic chondrocytes and likely signal to host progenitors that form new bone tissue. This demonstrates that implanted T-mDPSCs are able to survive in the defect microenvironment and to participate directly in repair via an endochondral bone ossification-like process. Stem Cells 2019;37:701-711.
DISCO (2018)

Capturing individual mobility patterns has become a crucial issue for a tremendous number of applications, often requiring the use of privacy-invasive or energy-consuming sensors and online services. In parallel to this, the proliferation of wireless network access points (APs), scattered in a very dense manner in many geographical areas, is now opening up new technological opportunities. In this work, we demonstrate the use of network discovery data passively collected from Wi-Fi APs to infer mobility indicators. This local approach can potentially be implemented on any device with a communication interface, and allows for continuous and long-term data collection. The demo showcases a multi-platform mobile app (DISCO) and is presented alongside an extended desktop analysis toolbox. Additional material can be found online1.
Background noise suppression for speech enhancement and coding (2002)

A background noise suppression system developed by Motorola is included as a feature in IS-127, the TIA/EIA standard for the enhanced variable rate codec (EVRC) to be used in CDMA based telephone systems. We describe the algorithm used in this system and its implementation. We then present subjective listening test results showing the advantages of using such a system as a prefilter to a speech coder.
High-Frequency Transfection and Cytopathology of the Hepatitis B Virus Core Antigen Gene in Human Cells (1983)

A protoplast fusion method was developed to stably transfect human cells with pSV2-derived plasmids at frequencies greater than 10(-3). This procedure made it possible to test the biological effect of a hepatitis B virus (HBV) gene independent of the viral structures required for infection. A pSV2gpt+ plasmid constructed to carry a subgenomic fragment of HBV that contained the core antigen gene (HBc gene) was transfected into human cells. A human epithelial cell line was stably transfected with the HBc+ gene by selecting recipient cells for expression of guanine phosphoribosyl transferase expression. With this gpt+/HBc+ cell line it was shown that growth in serum-free medium or treatment with 5'-azacytidine stimulates the production of the HBV core antigen. A hepatocellular carcinoma carrying the entire HBV genome was stimulated to produce the HBc gene product in response to the same factors that stimulated HBcAg production in the gpt+/HBc+ cell line constructed by transfection. The temporal relation between the cytopathologic response and HBc gene expression was similar for both cell types, indicating a primary role for HBc gene expression in the cytopathology of HBV-infected human liver.
Suppression of signals required for activation of transcription factor NF-kappa B in cells constitutively expressing the HTLV-I Tax protein. (1990)

Transient short-term expression of the Tax protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type-I (HTLV-I) leads to activation of the pleiotropic transcription factor NF-kappa B. Consistent with findings obtained with transient expression assays, we observed marked accumulation of the transcription factor NF-kappa B in the nucleus of Namalwa B lymphoid cells, which constitutively express Tax. In contrast, NF-kappa B activity was not detected in the nucleus following long-term expression of Tax in Jurkat T lymphocytes. The ability of both mitogens and cytokines to activate NF-kappa B was also blocked in Jurkat cells constitutively expressing Tax. However, the activation of other mitogen-inducible transcription factors, such as Fos and Jun, was unaffected. Thus, depending on the cellular environment, the short- and long-term effects of Tax expression can be quite different. Consequently, one function of Tax in cells infected with HTLV-I might involve cell-type-specific suppression, as opposed to activation, of distinct signal pathways. The cells lines described here should be useful for the delineation of signaling pathways utilized in the selective regulation of gene expression.
Immunodominant antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a and c in high‐responder patients (1991)

This study was undertaken to examine the characteristics of the immunodominant antigens of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a and c. The top responders for A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes a and c were selected (19 for serotype a and 21 for serotype c) from 150 clinically characterized patients. Competition assays revealed that 9 of 19 of these patients were reacting specifically to serotype a and 12 of 21 for serotype c. Limiting dilution analysis on Western blots revealed that most antigen bands apparent at low dilution disappeared as the patient's serum was diluted. The antigen band(s) remaining at the endpoint or the dilution corresponding to the antibody titer were defined as immunodominant. For serotype a there were several different immunodominant antigens but none was present in more than half of the subjects. For serotype c the immunodominant antigens included a number of discrete bands and a diffuse smeared polysaccharide band. Only 2 of these antigens were present in the majority of the high-responders: 92% had the smeared antigen and 67% had a 15 kDa antigen. The 15 kDa band was a protein common to all A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. The smeared antigen was unaffected by protease K treatment and gave a reaction of identity with the serotype c specific rabbit antiserum. This rabbit antiserum is specific for a mannan carbohydrate and does not react with LPS (23). Therefore, the smeared immunodominant antigen appears to be a polysaccharide containing mannan.
Determination of concrete dynamic elastic constants using a miniature seismic reflection system (1997)

This paper presents the application of a miniature seismic reflection (MSR) system for the determination of the material quality of concrete samples in the laboratory. This system is a complement to the already existing impact echo nondestructive testing technique. Its function is based on the impact echo principle with the additional capability of capturing shear wave vibrations as well as longitudinal vibrations. A supplemental tangential displacement transducer to the impact echo system enables the user to evaluate the dynamic elastic properties of concrete. The authors provide a detailed description of the system along with the results of the experiments carried out on four different types of concrete mixes by monitoring their curing for a period of 28 days.
La spécificité des villes européennes (2017)

Patrick Le Galès analyse les évolutions récentes des villes européennes et souligne la singularité britannique.
Cerebrospinal fluid monoamine metabolite profiles in bipolar disorder, ADHD, and controls (2017)

Alterations in monoaminergic signaling are suggested as key aspects of the pathophysiology in bipolar disorder and ADHD, but it is not known if the monoamine metabolic profile differs between these disorders. One method to study monoaminergic systems in humans is to measure monoamine end-point metabolite concentrations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Here, we analyzed CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations in 103 adults with bipolar disorder, 72 adults with ADHD, and 113 controls. Individuals with bipolar disorder had significantly higher homovanillic acid (HVA, 264 ± 112 nmol/L, p < 0.001) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA, 116 ± 42 nmol/L, p = 0.001) concentration, but lower 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethyleneglycol (MHPG, 38 ± 8 nmol/L, p < 0.001) concentrations than controls (HVA, 206 ± 70 nmol/L; 5-HIAA, 98 ± 31 nmol/L; and MHPG, 42 ± 7 nmol/L). Higher HVA concentrations were associated with a history of psychosis in the bipolar disorder sample. Subjects with ADHD had higher HVA (240 ± 94 nmol/L, p < 0.001) concentrations compared with controls. In addition, SSRI treatment was associated with lower 5-HIAA concentrations in both patient groups. A power analysis indicated that for within-group comparisons, only large effects would be reliably detectable. Thus, there may be moderate-to-small effects caused by medication that were not detected due to the limited size of the sub-groups in these analyses. In conclusion, the present study suggests disorder-specific alterations of CSF monoamine metabolite concentrations in patients with bipolar disorder and ADHD compared with controls; these differences were independent of acute symptoms and medication effects.
Spectroscopic properties of microporous layered tin sulfide materials (1998)

119 Sn solid state nuclear magnetic resonance, 119Sn Mössbauer, Fourier transform Raman and variable temperature single crystal UV–VIS absorption, emission and excitation spectra of some archetypal microporous layered tin sulfides, denoted (Et4N)2Sn3S7 (TEA-SnS-1), (C6H12N2H)2Sn3S7 (DABCOH-SnS-1), (NH4)0.5(Et4N)1 .5Sn3S7 (ATEA-SnS-1) and (Pr4N)2Sn4S9 (TPA-SnS-3), are reported. The combined spectroscopic results provide a rather comprehensive picture of structure–property relations for this novel class of solids, which have the unusual ability of being able to behave as both molecular sieve and intercalation materials to a range of guests.
Synthesis and Rearrangement of 7‐Halobicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐ols (1977)

Synthese und Umlagerung von 7‐Halo‐bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐olen Die Reaktion von verschiedenen 7‐halogen‐substituierten Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐onen mit komplexen Metallhydriden oder mit Methylmagnesiumiodid zu den entsprechenden 7‐Halo‐bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐olen verläuft unter Angriff des Nucleophils trans zum Halogen, um dem vicinalen Kohlenstoff‐Halogen‐Dipol auszuweichen. In Gegenwart von starken Basen unterliegen die Halohydrine einer Umlagerung, die je nach der durch die intramolekularen Wechselwirkungen bedingten Konformation, entweder unter Hydridverschiebung zu Bicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐onen oder, unter Ringverengung, zu Bicyclo[3.1.0]hex‐2‐en‐6‐carbaldehyden führt.
Die Rhodopsin‐Arrestin‐Kristallstruktur und ihre Bedeutung für die Entwicklung funktionell selektiver GPCR‐Wirkstoffe (2015)

Die erste hochaufgelöste Struktur des G-Protein-gekoppelten Rezeptors Rhodopsin im Komplex mit dem Adapterprotein Arrestin konnte mithilfe serieller Femtosekunden-Kristallographie aufgenommen werden (siehe Bild; blau Rhodopsin, gelb Arrestin). Die Kristallstruktur kann als Vorlage für ein strukturbasiertes Design funktionell selektiver Wirkstoffe eingesetzt werden. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The effect of HIV-1 Vif polymorphisms on A3G anti-viral activity in an in vivo mouse model (2019)

Abstract Humans encode seven APOBEC3 proteins (A–H), with A3G, 3F and 3H as the major factors restricting HIV-1 replication. HIV-1, however, encodes Vif, which counteracts A3 proteins by chaperoning them to the proteasome where they are degraded. Vif polymorphisms found in HIV-1s isolated from infected patients have varying anti-A3G potency when assayed in vitro, but there are few studies demonstrating this in in vivo models. Here, we created Friend murine leukemia viruses encoding vif alleles that were previously shown to differentially neutralize A3G in cell culture or that were originally found in primary HIV-1 isolates. Infection of transgenic mice expressing different levels of human A3G showed that these naturally occurring Vif variants differed in their ability to counteract A3G during in vivo infection, although the effects on viral replication were not identical to those seen in cultured cells. We also found that the polymorphic Vifs that attenuated viral replication reverted to wild type only in A3G transgenic mice. Finally, we found that the level of A3G-mediated deamination was inversely correlated with the level of viral replication. This animal model should be useful for studying the functional significance of naturally occurring vif polymorphisms, as well as viral evolution in the presence of A3G.
Supplementary Patient Data from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Patient information corresponding to patients included in Supplementary Figure 5.&lt;/p&gt;
An Artificial Intelligence Computer System for Analysis of Social-Infrastructure Data (2015)

Development of big data analysis technologies has been highly competitive among companies and organizations. An artificial intelligence (AI) computer system, based on the basic idea of automating big-data analysis, called "H" is proposed and evaluated in this paper. It automates big-data analysis by creating hundreds of thousands of candidate features related to an outcome. It was applied for analyzing work-log data in a logistics company. The evaluation results confirm the effect of the system on the productivity of the company, namely, a 5.23% improvement in productivity.
Improving position precision of a servo-controlled elastic cable driven surgical robot using Unscented Kalman Filter (2015)

Cable driven power transmission is popular in many manipulator applications including medical arms. In spite of advantages obtained by removing motors from the mechanism, cable transmission introduces higher non-linearity and more uncertainties such as cable stretch and cable coupling. In order to improve the control precision and robustness of the Raven-II surgical robot, particularly for automation applications, the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) was adopted for state estimation. The UKF estimated state variables of the Raven-II dynamic model from sensor data. The dual UKF was used offline to estimate cable coupling parameters. The experimental results showed that the proposed method improved joint position estimation precision and the estimation consistency, especially on the more elastic links. The improvements for links 2 and 3 of the Raven were 36.76%, and 62.99%, respectively. For link 1 the improvement was 1.43% because the transmission is very stiff.
Field Effect Transistors Based on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons for the Detection and Classification of Volatile Organic Compounds (2013)

We show that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) based field effect transistor (FET) arrays can serve as excellent chemical sensors for the detection of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) under confounding humidity conditions. Using these sensors, w/o complementary pattern recognition methods, we study the ability of PAH-FET(s) to: (i) discriminate between aromatic and non-aromatic VOCs; (ii) distinguish polar and non-polar non-aromatic compounds; and to (iii) identify specific VOCs within the subgroups (i.e., aromatic compounds, polar non-aromatic compounds, non-polar non-aromatic compounds). We further study the effect of water vapor on the sensor array's discriminative ability and derive patterns that are stable when exposed to different constant values of background humidity. Patterns based on different independent electronic features from an array of PAH-FETs may bring us one step closer to creating a unique fingerprint for individual VOCs in real-world applications in atmospheres with varying levels of humidity.
Ongoing β-Cell Turnover in Adult Nonhuman Primates Is Not Adaptively Increased in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes (2011)

There is ongoing β-cell turnover in adult nonhuman primates that cannot be accounted for by β-cell replication. There is no evidence of β-cell regeneration in monkeys administered STZ. Hyperglycemia does not induce β-cell apoptosis in nonhuman primates in vivo.
Stabilisierung einer ungewöhnlichen monomeren Aryllithiumverbindung mit Li‐C‐σ‐Bindung durch eine schwache Lithium‐Benzol‐Wechselwirkung (1996)

Nur durch sterische Effekte und schwache Solvatisierung durch Benzol wird die als Monomer vorliegende Aryllithiumverbindung 1 stabilisiert. Die präzedenzlose Struktur von 1 im Kristall ist rechts gezeigt; die ortho ‐Substituenten am η 1 gebundenen Phenylring wurden der Übersichtlichkeit halber weggelassen. C 6 H 6 ·LiC 6 H 3 ‐2.6‐(2.4.6‐ i Pr 3 C 6 H 2 ) 2 1 magnified image
Micromirror with large-tilting angle using Fe-based metallic glass (2011)

For enhancing the micromirror properties like tilting angle and stability during actuation, Fe-based metallic glass (MG) was applied for torsion bar material. A micromirror with mirror-plate diameter of 900 μm and torsion bar dimensions length 250 μm, width 30 μm and thickness 2.5 μm was chosen for the tilting angle tests, which were performed by permanent magnets and electromagnet setup. An extremely large tilting angle of over -270° was obtained from an activation test by permanent magnet that has approximately 0.2 T of magnetic strength. A large mechanical tilting angle of over -70° was obtained by applying approximately 1.1 mT to the mirror when 93 mAwas applied to solenoid setup. The large-tilting angle of the micromirror is due to the torsion bar, which was fabricated with Fe-based MG thin film that has large elastic strain limit, fracture toughness, and excellent magnetic property.
Calcaneocuboid Distraction Arthrodesis and First Metatarsocuneiform Arthrodesis for Correction of Acquired Flatfoot Deformity in a Cadaver Model (2007)

Adding first metatarsocuneiform arthrodesis to calcaneocuboid distraction arthrodesis for treatment of flatfoot deformity provided improvement in radiographic and pedobarographic parameters of a severe model of stage II posterior tibial tendon dysfunction.
Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy-enhanced drill for bone boundary detection (2019)

Intramedullary nailing is a routine orthopedic procedure used for treating fractures of femoral or tibial shafts. A critical part of this procedure involves the drilling of pilot holes in both ends of the bone for the placement of the screws that will secure the IM rod to sections of the fractured bone. This step introduces a risk of soft tissue damage because the drill bit, if not stopped in time, can transverse the bone-tissue boundary into the overlying muscle, causing unnecessary injury and prolonging healing time due to periosteum damage. In this respect, detecting the bone-tissue boundary before break-through can reduce the risks and complications associated with intramedullary nailing. Hence, in the present study, a two-wavelength diffuse reflectance spectroscopy technique was integrated into a surgical drill to optically detect bone-tissue boundary and automatically trigger the drill to stop. Furthermore, Monte-Carlo simulations were used to estimate the maximum distance from within the bone at which the bone-tissue boundary could be detected using DRS. The simulation results estimated that the detection distance, termed the "look-ahead-distance" was ∼1.5 mm for 1.3 mm source-detector fiber separation. Experimental measurements with 1.3 mm source-detector fiber separation showed that the look-ahead-distance was in the order of 250 <i>µ</i>m in experiments with set drill rate and in the range of 1 mm in experiments where the holes were drilled by hand. Despite this difference, the automated DRS enhanced drill successfully detected the approaching bone tissue boundary when tested on samples of bovine femur and muscle tissue.
High-average-power side-pumped Yb:YAG thin disk lasers (2004)

High-average-power continuous-wave operations of side-pumped Yb:YAG thin disk lasers were demonstrated. The maximum output power of 104-W from three compact single-bar pumping modules and 235-W form a high-power 6-bar pumping module were achieved.