gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of aligned symmetrical multifaceted monolayer hexagonal boron nitride single crystals on resolidified copper (2015)

Atomically smooth hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) films are considered as a nearly ideal dielectric interface for two-dimensional (2D) heterostructure devices. Reported mono- to few-layer 2D h-BN films, however, are mostly small grain-sized, polycrystalline and randomly oriented. Here we report the growth of centimetre-sized atomically thin h-BN films composed of aligned domains on resolidified Cu. The films consist of monolayer single crystalline triangular and hexagonal domains with size of up to ∼10 μm. The domains converge to symmetrical multifaceted shapes such as "butterfly" and "6-apex-star" and exhibit ∼75% grain alignment for over millimetre distances as verified through transmission electron microscopy. Scanning electron microscopy images reveal that these domains are aligned for over centimetre distances. Defect lines are generated along the grain boundaries of mirroring h-BN domains due to the two different polarities (BN and NB) and edges with the same termination. The observed triangular domains with truncated edges and alternatively hexagonal domains are in accordance with Wulff shapes that have minimum edge energy. This work provides an extensive study on the aligned growth of h-BN single crystals over large distances and highlights the obstacles that are needed to be overcome for a 2D material with a binary configuration.
The use ofO-(2-18F-fluoroethyl)-L-tyrosine PET in the diagnosis of gliomas located in the brainstem and spinal cord (2016)

This preliminary study suggests that 18F-FET PET adds valuable diagnostic information in brainstem and spinal cord glioma, particularly when the diagnostic information derived from MRI is equivocal.
A Novel Interface for Optimized Coupling of Gas Chromatography and Supersonic Jet Spectroscopy (1999)

The laser-based methods Laser Induced Fluorescence (LIF) and Resonance-Enhanced Multi-Photon Ionization (REMPI) can be used as highly selective detection modes for gas chromatography (GC). One major prerequisite for successful application of these detection methods is the availability of appropriate and reliable interfaces between the GC effluent and the molecular beam inlet. When a pulsed supersonic molecular beam (jet) source is used, the analyte molecules are efficiently cooled, allowing maximum selectivity of the laser spectroscopic detection methods. However, several technical problems have to be solved for practical realization of a GC-supersonic jet valve hyphenation. The pulsed jet interface should not interfere with the GC properties and the supersonic molecular beam properties. Further a good working cycle for the conversion from the continuously flowing GC current to the pulsed jet gas flow should be attained. This paper presents a novel setup of a GC-pulsed jet interface. The construction allows temporal and spatial compression of the analyte molecules in jet gas pulse and thus an increase of the detection sensitivity. Moreover, the GC effluent comes into contact only with glass surfaces and not with valve parts like plungers and seals. This reduces memory effects and sample decomposition. The valve setup is tested with a REMPI-TOFMS instrument.
Activation of the neu tyrosine kinase induces the fos/jun transcription factor complex, the glucose transporter and ornithine decarboxylase. (1989)

We have studied the ability of the neu tyrosine kinase to induce a signal for the activation of cell growth-regulated genes. Serum-starved NIH 3T3 cells expressing an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R)/neu construct encoding a hybrid receptor protein were stimulated with EGF and the activation of the neu tyrosine kinase and stimulation of growth factor inducible genes were followed at the mRNA, protein, and activity levels, and compared to the corresponding responses in the neu proto-oncogene and oncogene expressing cells. Induction of the expression of jun mRNAs was an immediate early effect of EGF stimulation, followed by a marked increase in the biosynthesis of the fos/jun transcription factor complex and an increased transcription factor activity as measured by a recombinant transcription unit using chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays. In distinction, elevated AP-1/PEA-1 activity in the absence of a significant increase in jun and fos expression was characteristic of the neu oncogene-expressing cells. The glucose transporter mRNA increased at 2 h of EGF stimulation and was associated with enhanced glucose transport of the EGF-treated cells. An increase of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA and activity followed these changes. In contrast, serum-starved, EGF-treated neu proto-oncogene- and oncogene-expressing cells showed constitutively low and high glucose transporter and ODC activities, respectively. These findings demonstrate that the chimeric EGF-R/neu receptor is capable of activating the expression of both immediate early genes and biochemical activities associated with cell growth stimulation.
Deep learning–based time-of-flight (ToF) image enhancement of non-ToF PET scans (2022)

Deep learning-based image enhancement models may provide converged ToF-equivalent image quality without ToF reconstruction. In clinical scoring DL-ToF-enhanced non-ToF images (medium and high) on average scored as high as, or higher than, ToF images. The model is generalisable and hence, could be applied to non-ToF images from BGO-based PET/CT scanners.
Structure-Function Studies on the Protein Kinase C Family Members (1992)

The phospholipid-dependent, diacylglycerol or phorbol ester activated serine-threonine protein kinase first described by Nishizuka and colleagues is a major cellular regulatory enzyme (Nishizuka 1988). This protein kinase, protein kinase C (PKC) has been implicated in a variety of cellular processes including secretion, modulation of gene expression, proliferation and tumor promotion. PKC has also been identified as the major intracellular receptor for the tumor-promoting phorbol esters (Nishizuka 1989). The enzyme has a requirement for anionic phospholipids (i.e. phosphatidyl-L-serine) as cofactors (Takai et al. 1979), and also requires phorbol esters or the neutral lipid, sn-1,2 diacylglycerol (Kaibuchi et al. 1981) for maximal activation. sn-1,2 diacylglycerols are the naturally occurring activators of this enzyme.
Dynamic Digital Optics (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: An Introduction to Dynamic Digital Optics Switchable Digital Optics Tunable Digital Optics Reconfigurable Digital Optics Digital Software Lenses: Wavefront Coding
Specifying Concurrent Systems with TLA (1999)

Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 A Little Simple Math 2 2.1 Propositional Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 2.2 Sets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 2.3 Predicate Logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 3 Specifying a Simple Clock 6 3.1 Behaviors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.2 An Hour Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 3.3 A Closer Look at the Hour-Clock Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.4 The Hour-Clock Specification in TLA + . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3.5 Another Way to Specify the Hour Clock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 4 An Asynchronous Interface 11 4.1 The First Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
You can't have an energy revolution without transforming advances in materials, chemistry and catalysis into policy change and action (2015)

CO<sub>2</sub>-to-fuel, an emerging area of renewable energy research, will require radical policy change and action to enable its implementation globally.
Optical Absorption and Vacuum-Ultraviolet Reflectance of GaN Thin Films (1970)

Optical absorption of GaN thin films shows previously unreported structure at 3.8 eV, which is interpreted as the excitonic "knee" due to transitions across the fundamental direct energy gap previously thought to occur at an energy of about 3.4 eV. We also give the first report of the specular reflectance of GaN; peaks were observed at 6.8, 9.5, and 10.7 eV.
Rotor position measurement for a magnetically levitated 500'000 rpm permanent magnet machine (2011)

In this paper, we propose a DSP or FPGA based transversal flux eddy current sensor position measurement technique for rotors in high-speed electrical drives using active magnetic bearings. Compared to the state-of-the-art demodulation technique using analog mixers or rectifiers, the published method shows a lower circuit complexity and allows fulfilling the high bandwidth needs of highly dynamic systems as well as the improved accuracy necessary in precision bearings. Accordingly and also verified by experiments, the concept is well suited to measure the rotor position of a developed ultra-high-speed electrical drive.
Automating iPSC generation to enable autologous photoreceptor cell replacement therapy (2023)

We have successfully developed a robotic iPSC generation platform and standard operating procedures for production of high-quality photoreceptor precursor cells that are compatible with current good manufacturing practices. This system will enable clinical grade production of iPSCs for autologous retinal cell replacement.
Role of reactive oxygen species in low level light therapy (2009)

This review will focus on the role of reactive oxygen species in the cellular and tissue effects of low level light therapy (LLLT). Coincidentally with the increase in electron transport and in ATP, there has also been observed by intracellular fluorescent probes and electron spin resonance an increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical. ROS scavengers, antioxidants and ROS quenchers block many LLLT processes. It has been proposed that light between 400-500- nm may produce ROS by a photosensitization process involving flavins, while longer wavelengths may directly produce ROS from the mitochondria. Several redox-sensitive transcription factors are known such as NF-kB and AP1, that are able to initiate transcription of genes involved in protective responses to oxidative stress. It may be the case that LLLT can be pro-oxidant in the short-term, but anti-oxidant in the long-term.
Abstract 4336: Human mesodermal-derived CNS metastasis-associated stromal cells induce a fibrotic response to limit tumor growth (2017)

Abstract Metastasis to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with systemic cancer. However, the mechanistic interactions of the neural niche with disseminated tumors cells in CNS metastases (CM) are still poorly understood. To better understand the cross-talk between the neural niche and metastatic tumors, we generated five different patient-derived cell lines (PDCs) originating from surgically resected CM. To assess the genetic and epigenetic characteristics of each PDC, DNA and RNA sequencing, and DNA methylation analysis was performed. Non-tumoral PDCs revealed normal copy number profiles, and retention of germline mutations as seen in patient-matched germline DNA. In contrast, one PDC (CM04) resembled its patient tumor, showing numerous copy number and somatic alterations. RNA-seq and DNA methylation analysis demonstrated that non-tumoral PDCs highly resembled each other, suggestive of a common cell of origin. Additionally, PDCs revealed gene expression signatures associated with cancer associated fibroblasts, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, and mesenchymal stem cells. Further in vivo studies demonstrated that CM04 cells were tumorigenic, whereas non-tumoral PDC (CM08) cells were unable to form tumors in mice. However, CM04:CM08 mixed tumors were significantly smaller than CM04 only tumors and revealed induction of a fibrotic response by immunohistochemistry. These data offer the first evidence that CNS metastasis-associated stromal cells (cMASCs) produce a collagen and fibronectin-rich extracellular matrix constituting a protective host response, which impedes growth of tumor cells. The therapeutic potential of these cells merits further exploration. Citation Format: Christophe Legendre, Gerald C. Gooden, Kyle N. Johnson, Rae Anne Martinez, Mark Bernstein, Jennifer Glen, Jeffrey Kiefer, Aleksander Hinek, Steven A. Toms, Bodour Salhia. Human mesodermal-derived CNS metastasis-associated stromal cells induce a fibrotic response to limit tumor growth [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4336. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-4336
Pair Programming In Introductory Programming Labs (2020)

This project looks at the practice of pair programming as a vehicle for improving the learning environment in introductory computer science labs, a nearly universal course for all engineering students. Pair programming is a practice in which two programmers work collaboratively at one computer, on the same design, algorithm, or code. Prior research indicates that pair programmers produce higher quality code in essentially half the time taken by solo programmers. A multiyear project is currently underway at North Carolina State University, looking at the efficacy of pair programming in an introductory Computer Science (CS1) course. Results indicate that student pair programmers are more self-sufficient in lab and are more likely to complete the class with a grade of C or better. The effect of pair programming on specific graded exams and projects are less clear. Demographic data, prior achievement scores, and current course scores were brought together with interview data, attitude surveys, and in-lab observations to guide the evaluation. As part of the in-lab data collection, novel techniques are being developed to better understand pair dynamics and student/instructor interactions. Collectively, these evaluative methods have guided the iterative implementation of paired programming instructional methods. Current challenges being addressed include lab instructor training, student/instructor concerns over equity in effort on assignments, pair dynamics in lab, and collaborative logistics of pair programming outside of lab.
A study of four-fermion processes at LEP (1994)

We have studied the four-fermion processes ee → eeee, eeμμ, eeττ, μμμμ, μμττ, eeqq and μμqq with the L3 detector at LEP. For an integrated luminosity of 36 pb−, corresponding to 960 000 hadronic Z decays, we find a total of 67 candidate events. The rate and kinematical distributions are found to be consistent with first order Monte Carlo calculations based on the Standard Model. No significant structure is seen in the dilepton invariant or recoil mass spectra.
Synthesis of Bisphenol-Based Acetylene Terminated Thermosetting Resins (1985)

A series of high molecular weight (750-950 amu range) bis-phenol based acetylene terminated (AT) resins were synthesized by reacting four moles of 4,4'-dihalodiphenylsulfone (chloro and fluoro) with one mole of a bis-phenol (4,4'-isopropylidinediphenol, 4,4'-thiodiphenol, p,p'-biphenol, and resorcinol were used), end-capping the resulting halo-terminated products with 4-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-2-methyl-3-butyn-2-ol, and caustically cleaving the terminal acetone protecting groups to give free ethynyl functionalities. This synthesis produces a mixture of monomer and oligomer AT-products which were separated by column chromatography. Pure AT-monomers and the monomer/oligomer mixtures produced by the outlined stoichiometry were cured at 288°C (550°F) for 8 h in air. Glass transition temperatures (Tgs) of the cured (by thermomechanical analysis) and uncured (by differential scanning calorimetry) AT-systems were measured. Thermo-oxidative stability of the resins was evaluated by isothermal aging (ITA) in air at 315°C (600°F) for 200 h.
Verification methodology for fault-tolerant, fail-safe computers applied to maglev control computer systems. Final report, July 1991-May 1993 (1993)

The Maglev control computer system should be designed to verifiably possess high reliability and safety as well as high availability to make Maglev a dependable and attractive transportation alternative to the public. A Maglev control computer system has been designed using a design-for-validation methodology developed earlier under NASA and SDIO sponsorship for real-time aerospace applications. The present study starts by defining the maglev mission scenario and ends with the definition of a maglev control computer architecture. Key intermediate steps included definitions of functional and dependability requirements, synthesis of two candidate architectures, development of qualitative and quantitative evaluation criteria, and analytical modeling of the dependability characteristics of the two architectures. Finally, the applicability of the design-for-validation methodology was also illustrated by applying it to the German Transrapid TR07 maglev control system.
A technique for improving grid side harmonic distortion of matrix converter based bi-directional IPT systems (2013)

Matrix converter (MC) based grid connected bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) systems are preferable for numerous applications such as electric vehicle (EV) charging and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) systems due to their single-stage grid integration as opposed to two-stage grid integration of conventional BD-IPT systems. However MC based BD-IPT systems essentially produce harmonics which can have adverse effects on power quality of the utility grid. This paper presents a new control technique, through which the grid side harmonic distortion of MC based BD-IPT systems can be improved. A theoretical analysis is presented with simulations to show that the proposed approach is viable, and results suggest that the presented technique improves the power quality of the system significantly by minimizing the grid side harmonic distortion.
RAPID PURIFICATION OF ISLETS USING MAGNETIC MICROSPHERES COATED WITH ANTI-ACINAR CELL MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES (1990)

A simple, rapid method of islet purification is important in large-scale human islet isolation. We have previously identified monoclonal antibodies specific for acinar cells, but not islets, and described an immunologic method of purification by selective lysis of the acinar cells. An attractive alternative to lysis of the acinar cell is depletion by a magnetic immunomicrosphere technique. We report in this study a rapid, reproducible method of rat islet purification utilizing magnetic microspheres coated with acinar-cell-specific monoclonal antibodies. Pancreatic digestion with collagenase followed by depletion of acinar cells with the magnetic immunomicrospheres (MIMS) yields large numbers of intact islets. We compared the islets thus obtained with hand-picked (HP) islets (control) for yield, purity, in vitro insulin secretory capacities, and in vivo functional viability. The islet yield with the MIMS method (n = 35) was 72.7% that obtained with the HP method (n = 6) (378 +/- 8 vs. 519 +/- 31 islets per pancreas). The purity of the MIMS-isolated islets was 84 +/- 1.9%, ranging from 75-95%. Static glucose stimulation showed excellent function (2-3-fold increase of insulin release over basal levels) with no statistical difference in insulin secretion between MIMS and HP islets. Under microscopic examination, both groups revealed a well-preserved structure with healthy endocrine cells. When 1321 +/- 59 MIMS islets were transplanted into streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (n = 10), normoglycemia (less than 200 mg/dl) was restored in all recipients following transplantation, and 100% of them remained normoglycemic on day 120 postgrafting. In summary, a rapid, consistent, and simple method of isolating viable, purified rat islets is described. The broad interspecies crossreactivity of the McAb suggests that this technique may be generally useful for islet purification in large mammalia, including man.
Abstract 10158: Initial Bilateral Pulmonary Artery Banding for Infants With Critical Left Heart Obstruction: A Multi-Institutional Analysis of Outcomes (2022)

Introduction: The hybrid procedure (bilateral PA bands [PAB] ± ductal stent) is a contemporary management option for infants with critical left heart obstruction. We sought to determine patient/procedural characteristics, subsequent outcomes and associated factors after PAB in a multi-institutional study. Methods: From 2005-2019, 214 of 1236 infants from 24 Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society participating institutions underwent PAB. Median follow-up was 7 years. Parametric hazard modeling with competing risk methodology was performed to determine risk and associated factors for end-states of biventricular repair (BVR), Fontan, transplantation (Tx) or death without an end-state. Results: PAB was performed at a median age of 7 days &amp; median weight of 3.1 kg. Intention of PAB varied - institutional preference (21%), non-cardiac comorbidities (20%), BVR consideration (12%), etc. Ductal stent was placed in 69% of patients (74% same day as PAB) and atrial septal interventions occurred in 61% (24% same day as PAB). Preoperative comorbidities (e.g. prematurity, genetic syndromes, neurological diagnoses, etc.) were present in 70%. At 5 years, 9% had reached BVR, 36% Fontan and 12% Tx (21/26 Tx immediately after PAB), with 35% having died and 8% alive without an end-state (Figure). Significant factors associated with BVR were presence of VSD and ductal stent; with Tx: earlier era, underlying aortic atresia, older age and greater weight at PAB, and absence of ductal stent; with death: low birth weight, ≥ moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation before PAB, &amp; older age at PAB. Conclusions: Heterogeneity is prevalent in patient/procedural characteristics and subsequent procedures and outcomes after PAB, possibly influenced by institutional preference and different intended management pathways. There is important mortality and &lt;50% of patients achieve a Fontan or BVR. Preoperative factors influence the use of this approach and thus are an important influence on outcomes.
Notch restricts lymphatic vessel sprouting induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (2011)

Notch signaling plays a central role in cell-fate determination, and its role in lateral inhibition in angiogenic sprouting is well established. However, the role of Notch signaling in lymphangiogenesis, the growth of lymphatic vessels, is poorly understood. Here we demonstrate Notch pathway activity in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs), as well as induction of delta-like ligand 4 (Dll4) and Notch target genes on stimulation with VEGF or VEGF-C. Suppression of Notch signaling by a soluble form of Dll4 (Dll4-Fc) synergized with VEGF in inducing LEC sprouting in 3-dimensional (3D) fibrin gel assays. Expression of Dll4-Fc in adult mouse ears promoted lymphangiogenesis, which was augmented by coexpressing VEGF. Lymphangiogenesis triggered by Notch inhibition was suppressed by a monoclonal VEGFR-2 Ab as well as soluble VEGF and VEGF-C/VEGF-D ligand traps. LECs transduced with Dll4 preferentially adopted the tip cell position over nontransduced cells in 3D sprouting assays, suggesting an analogous role for Dll4/Notch in lymphatic and blood vessel sprouting. These results indicate that the Notch pathway controls lymphatic endothelial quiescence, and explain why LECs are poorly responsive to VEGF compared with VEGF-C. Understanding the role of the Notch pathway in lymphangiogenesis provides further insight for the therapeutic manipulation of the lymphatic vessels.
Self-calibrating white-light interferometry techniques for shape measurement (2002)

In order to obtain high precision shape measurements using white-light interferometry, it is necessary to accurately measure the rate of change of scanner motion. Presented here are two methods to account and correct for scanner non-linearity.