gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Different Boosting Strategies for Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines - A Modeling Study (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Boosted Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has been modeled and has demonstrated the potential to extend the engine's upper load limit. A commercially available engine simulation software (GT-PowerÖ) coupled to the University of Michigan HCCI combustion and heat transfer correlations was used to model a 4-cylinder boosted HCCI engine with three different boosting configurations: turbocharging, supercharging and series turbocharging. The scope of this study is to identify the best boosting approach in order to extend the HCCI engine's operating range. The results of this study are consistent with the literature: Boosting helps increase the HCCI upper load limit, but matching of turbochargers is a problem. In addition, the low exhaust gas enthalpy resulting from HCCI combustion leads to high pressures in the exhaust manifold increasing pumping work. The series turbocharging strategy appears to provide the largest load range extension. Single turbocharging is the most efficient but is limited by increased mass flow rates at increased engine speeds. Supercharging helps avoid the backpressure problem but the mechanical work of the supercharger reduces useful work affecting overall brake efficiency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Energy Efficient Carrier Phase Recovery for Self-Homodyne Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK (2013)

A reduction of up to 103 times in the carrier-phase estimation rate is demonstrated for self-homodyne, space-division multiplexed, PDM-QPSK systems. This enables a significant energy saving in receiver DSP for self-homodyne systems.
Influence of short- and long-range factors in the Brønsted acidity of MCM-22 zeolite (1999)

The acidity of the Brønsted sites of MCM-22 zeolite is calculated by atomistic simulation techniques and the effects of long- and short-range contributions in acidity are analysed; the two IR bands detected experimentally are reproduced in the calculations.
Design and Implementation of Novel Nutraceuticals and Derivatives for Treating Intestinal Disorders (2019)

Gastrointestinal illnesses pose a significant worldwide disease burden and are associated with an array of medicinal and surgical therapies. Standard pharmaceutical options have adverse effects, prompting the rise of nutraceutical or food-derivative therapies. Here, we present an overview of the current nutraceutical therapies in gastrointestinal disease. We then introduce the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) as a novel therapeutic target. A G-protein-coupled receptor found in apical and basal intestinal cells, the CaSR modulates intestinal fluid secretion and mucosal integrity. Applying nutraceuticals that upregulate the CaSR may alleviate symptoms seen across a spectrum of illnesses. At last, we discuss how nanoparticle technology can be implemented to effectively deliver nutraceuticals to diseased regions of the intestine, thereby minimizing systemic side effects.
Concomitant irritable bowel syndrome is associated with failure of step-down on-demand proton pump inhibitor treatment in patients with gastro-esophageal reflux disease (2010)

Compared to patients with esophagitis, NERD patients have higher failure rate of on-demand PPI therapy. Concomitant irritable bowel syndrome, in addition to daily reflux symptom and dyspepsia, is associated with the failure of on-demand PPI in these patients.
The use of ceramic-on-ceramic bearings in isolated revision of the acetabular component (2013)

The practice of removing a well-fixed cementless femoral component is associated with high morbidity. Ceramic bearing couples are low wearing and their use minimises the risk of subsequent further revision due to the production of wear debris. A total of 165 revision hip replacements were performed, in which a polyethylene-lined acetabular component was revised to a new acetabular component with a ceramic liner, while retaining the well-fixed femoral component. A titanium sleeve was placed over the used femoral trunnion, to which a ceramic head was added. There were 100 alumina and 65 Delta bearing couples inserted. The mean Harris hip score improved significantly from 71.3 (9.0 to 100.0) pre-operatively to 91.0 (41.0 to 100.0) at a mean follow up of 4.8 years (2.1 to 12.5) (p < 0.001). No patients reported squeaking of the hip. There were two fractures of the ceramic head, both in alumina bearings. No liners were seen to fracture. No fractures were observed in components made of Delta ceramic. At 8.3 years post-operatively the survival with any cause of failure as the endpoint was 96.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 85.7 to 99.3) for the acetabular component and 94.0% (95% CI 82.1 to 98.4) for the femoral component. The technique of revising the acetabular component in the presence of a well-fixed femoral component with a ceramic head placed on a titanium sleeve over the used trunnion is a useful adjunct in revision hip practice. The use of Delta ceramic is recommended.
CCDC 122197: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (1999)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
Heartbeat of a Nest: Using Imagers as Biological Sensors (2007)

We present a scalable end-to-end system for vision-based monitoring of a biological phenomenon. Our system enables automated analysis of thousands of images, where manual processing would be infeasible. We automate the analysis of raw imaging data using statistics that are tailored to the task of interest, the study of avian behavior during nesting cycles. The system uses simple image statistics (features) as the low-level representation to be fed to generic classifiers and final inferences exploit the temporal and spatial con-sistencies. Our testbed achieves bird detection accuracy of 82%, and egg counting accuracy of 84%, allowing inference of avian nesting stage with accuracy within a day. Our results demonstrate the challenges and potential of using imagers as biological sensors. An exploration of system performance under varying image resolution and frame rate suggest that an in situ adaptive vision system is technically feasible. 1
VERY-LARGE-SCALE MOTIONS IN A TURBULENT CHANNEL FLOW (2013)

Direct numerical simulation was carried out to investigate the spatial features of very large-scale motions (VLSMs) in a turbulent channel flow with Reτ ~ 930. Using the streak detection algorithm and the population trend, statistics of the spatial extents for both large-scale motions (LSMs) and VLSMs were obtained. This result showed that, at least one VLSM, on average, can be found in the wall-parallel 10δ × δ plane (here δ is the channel half height), which provides a statistical evidence of the presence of VLSMs. Moreover, to clarify one of previous hypotheses regarding the formation of VLSMs, the upstream tracking of individual streaks was utilized for temporal analysis. The present study statistically supported that the connection of the upstream LSMs is mainly contributed to the formation of VLSMs; that is, the concatenation of the small structures to form VLSMs. The downstream tracking of VLSMs indicated that over than 30% of VLSMs survive for 9 wall-unit time. Finally, the spatial organization of LSMs and VLSMs was examined by the conditional averaging.
HumanCRB1-Associated Retinal Degeneration: Comparison with therd8 Crb1-Mutant Mouse Model (2011)

CRB1 mutations lead to early-onset severe loss of vision with thickened, disorganized, nonseeing retina. Impaired peripheral vision can persist in late disease stages. Rd8 mice also have a disorganized retina, but there is sufficient photoreceptor integrity to produce largely normal retinal function. Differences between human and mouse diseases will complicate proof-of-concept studies intended to advance treatment initiatives.
Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices in the Semiconductor−Semiconductor System:  CdTe and CdSe (2007)

We report binary nanoparticle superlattices obtained by self-assembly of two different semiconductor quantum dots. Such a system is a means to include two discretized, quantum-confined, and complimentary semiconductor units in close proximity, for purposes of band gap matching and/or energy transfer. From a range of possible structures predicted, we observe an exclusive preference for the formation of Cuboctahedral AB13 and AB5 (isostructural with CaCu5) obtained in the system of 8.1 nm CdTe and 4.4 nm CdSe nanoparticles. For this system, a possible ionic origin for the formation of structures with lower packing densities was ruled out on the basis of electrophoretic mobility measurements. To understand further the principles of superlattice formation, we constructed space-filling curves for binary component hard spheres over the full range of radius ratio. In addition, the pair interaction energies due to core-core and ligand-ligand van der Waals (VDW) forces are estimated. The real structures are believed to form under a combined influence of entropic driving forces (following hard-sphere space filling principles) and the surface (due to ligand-ligand VDW).
Contaminants in Used Oils and Their Behavior (2009)

Abstract Either particle count or gravimetric analysis is commonly used for assessing oil cleanliness. These analytical methods are useful and practical. However, the former provides the particle number of defined size groups and the latter the gross weight of the contaminants in a certain volume of oil, but they cannot inform us of the characteristics of contamination. To solve hydraulic and lubrication problems due to oil contamination, it is imperative to know the characteristics of contamination. Solvent extraction methods have been used to separate contaminants from used oils. Solvent extraction analysis showed that the majority of contaminants in used oils were polymerized oil oxidation products, which were not soluble in oil. Recently, problems of varnish formation in gas turbines has been of great interest. Varnish is the polymerized oil oxidation product. Such polymerized oil oxidation products have polarity, although base mineral oils are non-polar. Polar and non-polar materials are basically incompatible with each other. Polar materials behave independently in oils. The molecular weight of oil oxidation products was determined by GPC, and it was found that they were good for lubrication when they were soluble in oil but harmful when they became insoluble. However, contaminants must be considered on the level of molecular size in order to solve hydraulic and lubrication problems. This paper discusses the behavior of oil oxidation products in oils.
The effect of intensity distribution in the reflected beam on the detection error of monochromatic optical autofocus systems (1990)

The measurement error induced by the intensity distribution in the reflected beam from the surface of a substrate was studied to improve the focal accuracy of an autofocus system. It is shown that scanning of the probe beam across the wafer surface reduces the effect of nonuniform reflectivity. An accuracy of 0.6 μm can be obtained. A signal processing circuit which accommodates 40 dB of incident intensity range is developed.
Criticality and Connectivity in Macromolecular Charge Complexation (2016)

We examine the role of molecular connectivity and architecture on the complexation of ionic macromolecules (polyelectrolytes) of finite size. A unified framework is developed and applied to evaluate the electrostatic correlation free energy for point-like, rod-like, and coil-like molecules. That framework is generalized to molecules of variable fractal dimensions, including dendrimers. Analytical expressions for the free energy, correlation length, and osmotic pressure are derived, thereby enabling consideration of the effects of charge connectivity, fractal dimension, and backbone stiffness on the complexation behavior of a wide range of polyelectrolytes. Results are presented for regions in the immediate vicinity of the critical region and far from it. A transparent and explicit expression for the coexistence curve is derived in order to facilitate analysis of experimentally observed phase diagrams.
Neonicotinoid resistance in rice brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens (2008)

The data demonstrate the development and spread of neonicotinoid resistance in N. lugens in Asia and support reports of reduced field efficacy of imidacloprid.
Suppression of vacuum breakdown using thin film coatings (1993)

The use of thin film coatings for increasing the breakdown voltage in a parallel-plane high-voltage gap has been investigated. Both metallic and ceramic thin films were deposited at varying thicknesses and deposition conditions on a screen cathode using ion-beam sputtering. Improvements in breakdown voltage were observed for nearly any type of deposited film, with significant variations in breakdown voltage depending on film thickness and oxygen and partial pressure during ceramic film deposition. For 500 nm thick metallic or oxide films, breakdown voltage was nearly doubled compared to the bare stainless steel screen, which is attributed to the burying of surface imperfections on the cathode. For 200 nm thick films, the covering of imperfections is less effective; however, high breakdown voltages can still be obtained by choosing an appropriate oxygen partial pressure during film deposition. Electric fields as high as 60 kV/mm were sustained across a 1 mm gap for 10 {mu}sec pulses; lesser fields could be sustained for as long as 10 ms. These coatings allowed for the successful study of a planar liquid metal ion source.
In silico prediction and in vivo testing of promoters targeting GABAergic inhibitory neurons (2023)

Impairment of GABAergic inhibitory neuronal function is linked to epilepsy and other neurological and psychiatric disorders. Recombinant adeno-associated virus (rAAV)-based gene therapy targeting GABAergic neurons is a promising treatment for GABA-associated disorders. However, there is a need to develop rAAV-compatible gene-regulatory elements capable of selectively driving expression in GABAergic neurons throughout the brain. Here, we designed several novel GABAergic gene promoters. <i>In silico</i> analyses, including evolutionarily conserved DNA sequence alignments and transcription factor binding site searches among GABAergic neuronal genes, were carried out to reveal novel sequences for use as rAAV-compatible promoters. rAAVs (serotype 9) were injected into the CSF of neonatal mice and into the brain parenchyma of adult mice to assess promoter specificity. In mice injected neonatally, transgene expression was detected in multiple brain regions with very high neuronal specificity and moderate-to-high GABAergic neuronal selectivity. The GABA promoters differed greatly in their levels of expression and, in some brain regions, showed strikingly different patterns of GABAergic neuron transduction. This study is the first report of rAAV vectors that are functional in multiple brain regions using promoters designed by <i>in silico</i> analyses from multiple GABAergic genes. These novel GABA-targeting vectors may be useful tools to advance gene therapy for GABA-associated disorders.
Chemo-Immunotherapy of Breast Cancer Using Vesiculated α-Tocopheryl Succinate in Combination With Dendritic Cell Vaccination (2005)

In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of vesiculated alpha-tocopheryl succinate (Valpha-TOS) in combination with non-antigen pulsed, nonmatured dendritic cells (nmDC) to treat pre-established tumors of the highly metastatic murine mammary cancer cell line 4T1. We demonstrated that Valpha-TOS in combination with non-antigen pulsed nmDC significantly inhibits the growth of established tumors in vivo and prolongs survival of treated mice. In addition, when initiated after resection of the established primary tumor, the combination treatment dramatically inhibits residual metastatic disease. The clinical response achieved with the combination therapy was correlated with increased interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 (IL-4) production by splenic lymphocytes and draining lymph node cells. Interestingly, when used in combination with Valpha-TOS, nmDC were as effective as tumor necrosis factor-alpha matured DC at inhibiting the growth of pre-established tumors. Valpha-TOS-induced cellular factors collected by high-speed centrifugation of supernatant from Valpha-TOS-treated tumor cells caused maturation of DC as evidenced by the up-regulation of co-stimulatory molecules and secretion of IL-12p70. These results demonstrate the potential usefulness of Valpha-TOS + DC chemo-immunotherapy in treating established primary mammary tumors as well as residual metastatic disease.
Sensory changes in the forehead of patients with complex regional pain syndrome (2006)

The aim of this study was to investigate involvement of central mechanisms in complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). In particular, we wished to determine whether hyperalgesia extends ipsilaterally from the affected limb to the forehead. The heat-pain threshold, pressure-pain threshold, and ratings of cold and sharpness were investigated on each side of the forehead and in the affected and unaffected limbs of 38 patients with features of CRPS. In addition, touch thresholds were investigated in the limbs. The pressure-pain threshold was lower on the ipsilateral forehead than contralaterally, consistent with the presence of static mechanical hyperalgesia. Although the heat-pain threshold and ratings of sharpness and cold did not differ between the two sides of the forehead in the group as a whole, the sharpness of pinprick sensations in the affected limb was mirrored by similar sensations in the ipsilateral forehead. Conversely, diminished sensitivity to light touch in the affected limb was associated with diminished sensitivity to sharpness, cold and heat-pain in the ipsilateral forehead. These findings suggest that central nociceptive processing is disrupted in CRPS, possibly due to disturbances in the thalamus or higher cortical centres.
A highly adaptive distributed routing algorithm for mobile wireless networks (2002)

We present a new distributed routing protocol for mobile, multihop, wireless networks. The protocol is one of a family of protocols which we term "link reversal" algorithms. The protocol's reaction is structured as a temporally-ordered sequence of diffusing computations; each computation consisting of a sequence of directed link reversals. The protocol is highly adaptive, efficient and scalable; being best-suited for use in large, dense, mobile networks. In these networks, the protocol's reaction to link failures typically involves only a localized "single pass" of the distributed algorithm. This capability is unique among protocols which are stable in the face of network partitions, and results in the protocol's high degree of adaptivity. This desirable behavior is achieved through the novel use of a "physical or logical clock" to establish the "temporal order" of topological change events which is used to structure (or order) the algorithm's reaction to topological changes. We refer to the protocol as the temporally-ordered routing algorithm (TORA).
Mapping the optical properties of slab-type two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides (2005)

We report on systematic experimental mapping of the transmission properties of two-dimensional silicon-on-insulator photonic crystal waveguides for a broad range of hole radii, slab thicknesses, and waveguide lengths for both TE and TM polarizations. Detailed analysis of numerous spectral features allows a direct comparison of experimental data with three-dimensional plane-wave and finite-difference time-domain calculations. We find that the bandwidth for low-loss propagation completely vanishes for structural parameters where the photonic band gap is maximized. Our results demonstrate that in order to maximize the bandwidth of low-loss waveguiding the hole radius must be significantly reduced. While the photonic band gap considerably narrows, the bandwidth of low-loss propagation in PhC waveguides is increased up to $125\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$ with losses as low as $8\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{dB}∕\mathrm{cm}$.
A passive UHF RFID pH sensor (smart polymers for wireless medical sensing devices) (2017)

A functionalised variant of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) was applicated atop an RFMicron RFM2100-AER UHF RFID tag and used in a series of depositions of pH buffer solutions, to observe changes in a sensor code generated by the tag. Averaged values of the sensor code data were used between 800-860MHz from 8-20dBm to compare pH buffers between 8.8 and 7.2 which consistently showed a significant degree of change in averaged sensor intensity readout. pH buffers outside the effective buffering range did not show a significant difference in averaged sensor code intensity.
Sedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation Studies of Composition Ripening in Emulsion Mixtures (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSedimentation Field-Flow Fractionation Studies of Composition Ripening in Emulsion MixturesRebecca A. Arlauskas and Jeffry G. WeersView Author Information Alliance Pharmaceutical Corp., 3040 Science Park Road, San Diego, California 92121 Cite this: Langmuir 1996, 12, 7, 1923–1925Publication Date (Web):April 3, 1996Publication History Received12 October 1995Revised9 January 1996Published online3 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la9508654https://doi.org/10.1021/la9508654brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views175Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Emulsions,Lipids,Liquids,Ripening,Solubility Get e-Alerts
Switch Application in FPGA (2016)

Resistive random-access memory (ReRAM) with nonvolatility and small footprint is greatly beneficial to programmable logic devices such as field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). As reconfigurable hardware, FPGAs achieve programmability by utilizing a large number of programmable switches composed of static random access memories (SRAMs) and pass transistors. This chapter covers an FPGA with a resistive switching element, while further area reduction is achieved by replacing both the configuration memory and the pass transistors with a complementary atomic switch (CAS). The area efficiency problem in conventional FPGAs is to replace the static random access memories (SRAMs)-based configuration memory with resistive-switching-element-based configuration memory that stacked directly on top of FPGA's programmable logic and routing. The switching element needs to be able to withstand DC stress at level near FPGA's operating voltage. The fabrication process needs to be compatible with standard CMOS and back-end of line (BEOL) process.