gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Misoprostol Attenuates Cardiomyocyte Proliferation in the Neonatal Heart through Bnip3 and Perinuclear Calcium Signaling (2019)

Abstract Systemic hypoxia resulting from preterm birth, altered lung development, and cyanotic congenital heart disease is known to impede the regulatory and developmental pathways in the neonatal heart. While the molecular mechanisms are still unknown, hypoxia induces aberrant cardiomyocyte proliferation, which may be initially adaptive, but can ultimately program the heart to fail in early life. Recent evidence suggests that the prostaglandin E1 analogue, misoprostol, is cytoprotective in the hypoxia-exposed neonatal heart by impacting alternative splicing of the Bcl-2 family member Bnip3, resulting in the generation of a variant lacking the third exon (Bnip3 Δ Exon3 or small Nip; sNip). Using a rodent model of neonatal hypoxia, in combination with rat primary neonatal cardiomyocytes (PVNCs) and H9c2 cells, we sought to determine if misoprostol can prevent cardiomyocyte proliferation and what the key molecular mechanisms might be in this pathway. In PVNCs, exposure to 10% oxygen induced myocyte proliferation concurrent with molecular markers of cell-cycle progression, such as Cyclin-D1, which were prevented by misoprostol treatment. Furthermore, we describe a critical role for sNip in opposing cardiomyocyte proliferation through several mechanisms, including reduced expression of the proliferative MEF2C-myocardin-BMP10 pathway, accumulation of nuclear calcium leading to NFATc3 activation, and increased expression of the cardiac maturation factor BMP2. Intriguingly, misoprostol and sNip inhibited hypoxia-induced glycolytic flux, which directly influenced myocyte proliferation. These observations were further supported by knockdown studies, where hypoxia-induced cardiomyocyte proliferation is restored in misoprostol-treated cells by an siRNA targeting sNip. Finally, in postnatal day (PND)-10 rat pups exposed to hypoxia, we observed histological evidence of increased nuclei number and increased PPH3 staining, which were completely attenuated by misoprostol treatment. Collectively, this data demonstrates how neonatal cardiomyocyte proliferation can be pharmacologically modulated by misoprostol treatment, which may have important implications for both neonatal and regenerative medicine.
Defect modes in coaxial photonic crystals (2001)

One-dimensional (1D) photonic crystals have been constructed by connecting segments of coaxial cable of differing characteristic impedance. Impurities have been introduced into these crystals by inserting cable segments to break the crystal symmetry. This system provides a simple way to study 1D photonic band structure effects with complete control over impurities in the lattice. We have studied the effects of the size, number, and location of defects in the lattice. We have also measured directly the concentration of energy in the steady-state electromagnetic fields within doped crystals, and observed the influence of the defects on the phase (dispersion). A modified dielectric stack model was developed to describe this system, with the results in excellent agreement with our measurements. Our findings compare favorably to previously published measurements of transmission and phase change in three-dimensional photonic crystals.
Optimizing Hand-held Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging for Neonates, Infants, and Children (2010)

SD OCT in young children and neonates should be customized for the unique optical parameters of the infant eye. This customization, not only improves image quality, but also allows control of the density of the optical sampling directed onto the retina.
Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of the non-ATPase subunit Nas6 in complex with the ATPase subunit Rpt3 of the 26S proteasome fromSaccharomyces cerevisiae (2007)

The non-ATPase subunit Nas6, which is the human orthologue of gankyrin, was co-expressed with the C-terminal domain of the ATPase subunit Rpt3 of the yeast 26S proteasome in Escherichia coli, purified to near-homogeneity and crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. The protein crystallized in space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 60.38, b = 100.22, c = 72.20 A, beta = 94.70 degrees and with three Nas6-Rpt3C molecules per asymmetric unit. The crystal diffracted to beyond 2.2 A resolution using synchrotron radiation.
High frequency percussive ventilation for respiratory immobilization in radiotherapy (2018)

High frequency percussive ventilation (HFPV) employs high frequency low tidal volumes (100-400 bursts/min) to provide respiration in awake patients while simultaneously reducing respiratory motion. The purpose of this study is to evaluate HFPV as a technique for respiratory motion immobilization in radiotherapy. In this study fifteen healthy volunteers (age 30-75 y) underwent HFPV using three different oral interfaces. We evaluated each HFPV oral interface device for compliance, ease of use, comfort, geometric interference, minimal chest wall motion, duty cycle and prolonged percussive time. Their chest wall motion was monitored using an external respiratory motion laser system. The percussive ventilations were delivered via an air driven pneumatic system. All volunteers were monitored for PO<sub>2</sub> and tc-CO<sub>2</sub> with a pulse oximeter and CO<sub>2</sub> Monitoring System. A total of N = 62 percussive sessions were analyzed from the external respiratory motion laser system. Chest-wall motion was well tolerated and drastically reduced using HFPV in each volunteer evaluated. As a result, we believe HFPV may provide thoracic immobilization during radiotherapy, particularly for SBRT and pencil beam scanning proton therapy.
Diabetes-accelerated memory dysfunction via cerebrovascular inflammation and Aβ deposition in an Alzheimer mouse model with diabetes (2010)

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that diabetes mellitus is a strong risk factor for Alzheimer disease. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, to investigate the pathophysiological interaction between these diseases, we generated animal models that reflect the pathologic conditions of both diseases. We crossed Alzheimer transgenic mice (APP23) with two types of diabetic mice (ob/ob and NSY mice), and analyzed their metabolic and brain pathology. The onset of diabetes exacerbated Alzheimer-like cognitive dysfunction without an increase in brain amyloid-beta burden in double-mutant (APP(+)-ob/ob) mice. Notably, APP(+)-ob/ob mice showed cerebrovascular inflammation and severe amyloid angiopathy. Conversely, the cross-bred mice showed an accelerated diabetic phenotype compared with ob/ob mice, suggesting that Alzheimer amyloid pathology could aggravate diabetes. Similarly, APP(+)-NSY fusion mice showed more severe glucose intolerance compared with diabetic NSY mice. Furthermore, high-fat diet feeding induced severe memory deficits in APP(+)-NSY mice without an increase in brain amyloid-beta load. Here, we created Alzheimer mouse models with early onset of cognitive dysfunction. Cerebrovascular changes and alteration in brain insulin signaling might play a pivotal role in this relationship. These findings could provide insights into this intensely debated association.
Pre-Pregnancy Genetic Carrier Screening (2018)

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Emergency Department Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Low-Risk Chest Pain Patients with Self-Reported Stress and Anxiety (2017)

Abstract Background Chest pain is a high-risk emergency department (ED) chief complaint; the majority of clinical resources are directed toward detecting and treating cardiopulmonary emergencies. However, at follow-up, 80%–95% of these patients have only a symptom-based diagnosis; a large number have undiagnosed anxiety disorders. Objective Our aim was to measure the frequency of self-identified stress or anxiety among chest pain patients, and compare their pretest probabilities, care processes, and outcomes. Methods Patients were divided into two groups: explicitly self-reported anxiety and stress or not at 90-day follow-up, then compared on several variables: ultralow ( Results Eight hundred and forty-five patients were studied. Sixty-seven (8%) explicitly attributed their chest pain to “stress” or “anxiety”; their mean ACS pretest probability was 4% (95% confidence interval 2.9%–5.7%) and 49% (33/67) had ultralow pretest probability (0/33 with ACS or PE). None (0/67) were diagnosed with anxiety. Seven hundred and seventy-eight did not report stress or anxiety and, of these, 52% (403/778) had ultralow ACS pretest probability. Only one patient (0.2%; 1/403) was diagnosed with ACS and one patient (0.4%; 1/268) was diagnosed with PE. Patients with self-reported anxiety had similar radiation exposure, associated costs, and nearly identical (25.4% vs. 25.7%) ED recidivism to patients without reported anxiety. Conclusions Without prompting, 8% of patients self-identified “stress” or “anxiety” as the etiology for their chest pain. Most had low pretest probability, were over-investigated for ACS and PE, and not investigated for anxiety syndromes.
Metaphyseal Fixation in Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty: Indications and Techniques (2011)

The need for revision total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is on the rise. Challenges to attaining durable, stable, well-functioning revision TKA include bony deficiency, periarticular osteopenia, deformity, and soft-tissue imbalance. Defect management often requires the use of stems, cement, metal augmentation, or allograft. Recently, there has been interest in obtaining fixation in the metaphyseal region in an attempt to improve construct stability while managing bony deficiency. Often, the metaphyseal bone is well vascularized, which provides an opportunity for additional fixation with cement, allograft, trabecular metal cones, or stepped porous-coated sleeves. Multiple series have documented good survivorship at short-term follow-up with trabecular metal cones and porous-coated sleeves. These newer technologies offer biologic fixation and are useful for treating bony defects that are not easily managed with other methods. Long-term studies are needed to determine the durability of these constructs. Concerns persist regarding stress shielding and difficulty of removal. Familiarity with the rationale and strategies for metaphyseal fixation in revision TKA is a valuable addition to the armamentarium of the revision surgeon.
What is IgG4? A review of the biology of a unique immunoglobulin subtype (2010)

IgG4 is a unique antibody biologically and structurally. Increased understanding of its precise role in the clinical syndromes that comprise IgG4-RSD may ultimately elucidate the underlying pathogenesis.
In-Plane Liquid Distribution of Nonwoven Fabrics: Part I — Experimental Observations (2002)

In nonwovens, fiber orientation is an important characteristic as it directly influences the properties of the material. Fiber orientation is an important structural characteristic. In modeling the performance of nonwovens, it is desirable to understand the impact of fiber orientation and anisotropy on performance. With respect to absorbency and in-plane wicking, the role of structure anisotropy cannot be underestimated. In a series of papers, we plan to explore the manner in which fluids flow though nonwovens and will develop a framework for the prediction of wicking. This paper reports on the development of an improved test method and presents preliminary data on in-plane moisture movement in a series of nonwoven fabrics.
Proinflammatory cytokines regulate tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases and disintegrin metalloproteinase in cardiac cells (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1 beta regulate the expression of TIMPs and disintegrin metalloproteinase, which may in turn contribute to the increased matrix degradation in cardiac cells. Since heart failure in humans is characterized by both re-expression of myocardial cytokines and remodeling of the extracellular matrix, those in vitro results suggest a potential role for those cytokines in the regulation of extracellular matrix remodeling and therefore in the transition to the end-stage heart failure phenotype.
High Resolution 3d Reconstructions of Rocks and Composites (1999)

Ten micrometers resolution 3D representations of different media, were obtained with a laboratory computer microtomograph developed from an electron microprobe column. From the original electron microprobe, only minor modifications have been required, indeed several of the utilities of the microprobe have been used to ensure high resolution radiography (2 micrometers). The impact of the electron beam focused onto a thin film is used to form a pointX-ray source and the radiographic image of the sample is acquired on a CCD camera. A specimen rotation mechanism allows multiple radiograph acquisition and reconstruction of the X-ray attenuation 3D cartography. Since X-ray attenuation is directly related to density and atomic number, the microscanner provides 3D cartographs of the different phases present in the sample. System performances have been evaluated on various samples, mainly rocks and composites. Comparison with scanning electron micrographs was used when possible to validate the reconstructions. Results are mostly qualitative but already show the potential of the technique in describing 3D connectivity and topology of pore networks or 3D orientation of fibres in composites.
Energy-Efficient Decentralized Routing with Localized Cooperation Suitable for Fast Fading (2007)

Wireless networks transmit information from a source to a destination via multiple hops in order to save energy&#13;\nand, thus, increase the lifetime of battery-operated nodes. The energy savings can be especially significant in cooperative transmission schemes, where several nodes cooperate during one hop to forward the information to the next node along a route to the destination. Finding the best multi-hop transmission policy in such a network which determines nodes that are involved in each hop, is a very important problem, but also a very difficult one especially when the physical wireless channel behavior is to be accounted for and exploited. We model the above optimization problem for randomly fading channels as a decentralized control problem – the channel observations available at each node define the information structure, while the control policy is defined by the power and&#13;\nphase of the signal transmitted by each node.In particular, we consider the problem of computing an energy-optimal cooperative transmission scheme in a wireless network for two different channel fading models: (i) slow fading&#13;\nchannels, where the channel gains of the links remain the same for a large number of transmissions, and (ii) fast fading channels,where the channel gains of the links change quickly from one transmission to another. For slow fading, we consider a factored class of policies (corresponding to local cooperation between nodes), and show that the computation of an optimal policy in this class is equivalent to a shortest path computation on an induced&#13;\ngraph, whose edge costs can be computed in a decentralized&#13;\nmanner using only locally available channel state information(CSI). For fast fading, both CSI acquisition and data transmission consume energy. Hence, we need to jointly optimize over both these; we cast this optimization problem as a large stochastic optimization problem. We then jointly optimize over a set of CSI functions of the local channel states, and a corresponding factored class of control policies corresponding to local cooperation between nodes with a local outage constraint. The resulting optimal scheme in this class can again be computed efficiently&#13;\nin a decentralized manner. We demonstrate significant energy&#13;\nsavings for both slow and fast fading channels through numerical simulations of randomly distributed networks.
Cell Surface Charge in Predicting Metastatic Potential of Aspirated Cells From the Dunning Rat Prostatic Adenocarcinoma Model (1988)

The transplantable Dunning R-3327 rat prostatic adenocarcinoma model has provided a series of tumor variants with broad ranges of metastatic potential. We tested whether cell surface charge might be related to metastatic potential by measuring the electrophoretic mobility of live tumor cells obtained by needle aspiration. Cells were aspirated from tumors with low metastatic potential (following subcutaneous inoculation of 10(6) tumor cells the H, G and AT-1 variants had less than 5% metastases; AT-2 had 5-20%) and were compared to the electrophoretic mobility of cells aspirated from highly metastatic tumors (MAT-LyLu, MAT-Lu, AT-3 had greater than 90% metastases). Electrophoretic mobility expressed in mu/sec/volt/cm. was measured on 100 cells from each tumor subline, and the cell surface charge expressed as a zeta potential was calculated from electrophoretic mobility using the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski equation. The average zeta potential (+/- S.E.M.) for the four sublines with low metastatic potential was (-17.4 +/- 0.4 mV) compared to the three sublines with high metastatic potential (-26.5 +/- 0.7 mV), and the differences were significant (p less than .01) using the Mann-Whitney Wilcoxon test. Using a zeta potential of -20.5 mV as the cutoff between high and low metastatic potential, the sensitivity and specificity of zeta potential in predicting metastatic potential in 140 determinations on seven tumor lines were 92% and 82.5%, respectively. The predictive value of a positive test (value greater than -20.5 mV) was 80% and the predictive value of a negative test (value less than -20.5 mV) was 93%. The results support a difference in the cell surface charge between these metastatic and nonmetastatic tumors with increasing negativity at the cell surface correlating with increased metastatic potential, but not with tumor growth rates.
A Stable Long‐Term Hepatocyte Culture System for Studies of Physiologic Processes: Cytokine Stimulation of the Acute Phase Response in Rat and Human Hepatocytes (1992)

Prior studies on the in vitro hepatic acute phase response have involved either hepatoma cell lines or conventional short-term cultures of primary hepatocytes. No data are available on the response of primary hepatocytes in stable long-term culture systems. In this study, the acute phase response of rat and human hepatocytes in a new long-term culture system was examined in response to interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). The cultured cells were sandwiched between two layers of collagen in a (double-gel) configuration which has been shown to preserve both hepatocyte function and morphology over prolonged periods of time. The stability of this culture configuration enabled us to investigate, for the first time, the temporal aspects of the response in addition to the effects of the mediators on protein secretion. Exposure of rat hepatocytes to IL-6 after culture for 16 days resulted in a 2-fold reduction of albumin secretion and a 15-fold increase in the secretion rates of fibrinogen and alpha 2-macroglobulin. In all instances, the peak response occurred at 48 h after IL-6 exposure, and all protein secretion rates returned to pretreatment values within 5 days posttreatment. Changes in the mRNA levels of these proteins in response to IL-6 corresponded with those changes seen with the secreted products, indicating pretranslational regulation. Administration of IL-1 beta to rat hepatocyte produced a similar decline of albumin secretion and a 5-fold increase of fibrinogen secretion, whereas alpha 2-macroglobulin secretion remained undisturbed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Two-tier distributed and open loop multi-point cooperation using SCMA (2016)

The fifth generation of cellular wireless networks known as 5G is based on user-centric non-cellular concept where the users are surrounded by many network nodes cooperating to serve the users providing a “cell-center” experience throughout the network. Traditional multi point cooperation techniques often rely on centralized coordination and require different and often stringent requirement on the central controller, backhaul capacity and overall network synchronization. A novel two tiered, open loop and distributed cooperation technique is proposed in this paper where the lower tier with fixed or slowly changing parameters and preferably using SCMA provide a ubiquitous performance to mobile users and users exposed to multiple network nodes, while the higher tier provides service to the users close to the network nodes and maintain the overall network throughput. Users scheduled by the lower tier signaling use joint detection techniques from multiple network nodes. Other users scheduled to the higher tier jointly decode the lower tier signal from one or multiple network nodes before proceeding with the detection of their intended signal. The proposed algorithm is based on distributed scheduling and imposes limited requirements on the central controller and backhaul capacity and does not require stringent network time and frequency synchronization among network nodes. Unlike traditional cooperation techniques, the proposed method is open loop and requires very limited feedback and signaling overhead. Performance evaluations show that the proposed technique provides significant network coverage enhancement especially for high speed mobile users.
SPECT/CT imaging of inflammation and calcification in human carotid atherosclerosis to identify the plaque at risk of rupture (2021)

Calcification imaging alone can only accurately identify highly calcified, stable, fibrocalcific plaques. To identify high-risk plaques, with little or no calcification, hybrid imaging of calcification and inflammation could provide diagnostic benefit.
Managing Acute Pain and Opioid Risks Following Wisdom Teeth Extraction: An Illustrative Case (2019)

Learner outcomes and feedback suggest that our interprofessional team was successful in creating an effective learning module applicable to several health care professions, namely, pharmacy, dentistry, and nursing. Future studies might address the application of the knowledge gained to actual patient care.
Functional Proteomics Analysis to Study ATM Dependent Signaling in Response to Ionizing Radiation (2013)

Ataxia telangiectasia (AT) is a human genetic disease characterized by radiation sensitivity, impaired neuronal development and predisposition to cancer. Using a genetically defined model cell system consisting of cells expressing a kinase dead or a kinase proficient ATM gene product, we previously reported systemic alterations in major metabolic pathways that translate at the gene expression, protein and small molecule metabolite levels. Here, we report ionizing radiation induced stress response signaling arising from perturbations in the ATM gene, by employing a functional proteomics approach. Functional pathway analysis shows robust translational and post-translational responses under ATM proficient conditions, which include enrichment of proteins in the Ephrin receptor and axonal guidance signaling pathways. These molecular networks offer a hypothesis generating function for further investigations of cellular stress responses.