gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Prevalence of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Low Socioeconomic Use individuals in Birjand 2008 (East IRAN) (2015)

Introduction : Studying the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in low socioeconomic groups is of great importance. People who are under the supervisioin and care of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation are the most deprived in Iran. The present survey aimed at investigating the prevalence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors among the citizens who are under the supervision of Imam Khomeini Relief Foundation (IKRF). Mathrials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 1008 individuals protected by the IKRF in Birjand in 2008 through multi-stage, random sampling Demographic were recorded. Furthermore, blood pressure, waist circumference, weight and height were measured by two trained nurses. Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and serum lipids were measured within 12 hours of overnight fasting. Chi-square and T-test were used for data analysis at the significant level of 0.05 using SPSS software (version 15). Results: The mean age of the subjects was 39±16.8 years and the most common risk factor proved to be dyslipidemia (72%). The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was 43/2% and 12.7% respectively. Obesity was detected in 32.1% . The prevalence of hypertension (HTN) and diabetes mellitus (DM) appeared to be 13.1% and 6.3% respectively. Smoking was distinguished in 9.8 % of the participants. The prevalence of high Cholestrol (P=0.001),high LDL(p=0.01),low HDL(P
Cloning, expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic study of GK0767, the copper-containing nitrite reductase fromGeobacillus kaustophilus (2011)

The soluble region (residues 32-354) of GK0767, a copper-containing nitrite reductase from the thermophilic Gram-positive bacterium Geobacillus kaustophilus HTA426, has been cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant protein was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. X-ray diffraction data were collected and processed to a maximum resolution of 1.3 Å. The crystals belonged to space group R3, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 115.1, c = 87.5 Å. Preliminary studies and molecular-replacement calculations reveal the presence of one subunit of the homotrimeric structure in the asymmetric unit; this corresponds to a V(M) value of 3.14 Å(3) Da(-1).
Detection of Different Interfaces in Percolated Networks of Antimony Tin Oxide: Borosilicate Glass Composites by Impedance Spectroscopy (2014)

Glass composites containing percolated segregated networks of conducting antimony tin oxide ( ATO ) nanoparticles were fabricated through the use of a hot‐pressing technique, which resulted in glass microspheres deforming into faceted polyhedra with the ATO located at the edges. Once the ATO percolated, it was shown that minor changes in the processing parameters could cause drastic differences in the electrical properties (as much as 4–5 orders of magnitude in some cases). This study aims to investigate how the hot‐pressing processing conditions, that is, temperature and pressure, can influence the electrical properties of percolated glass/ ATO composites. Glass composites containing 4.8 wt% ATO , which is a concentration higher than the percolation threshold, were hot pressed at several different temperatures (550°C–675°C) and pressures (5.8–23.4 MPa) and were examined using impedance spectroscopy. A comprehensive equivalent circuit model was developed based on the microstructure of the composites and the individual impedance behavior of the materials involved. It was found that the physical arrangement as well as the individual properties of the glass, the ATO nanoparticles, and the different interfaces between ATO (point contact vs partially sintered vs glass coated) all contributed to the measured response in a quantitative way. The equivalent circuit model was successful in fitting all of the impedance behaviors at different temperature and pressures thus revealing the influence of the processing conditions on the electrical properties of percolated ATO /glass composites.
Carboxylate bridging of amino acids in dinuclear macrocyclic nickel(II) complexes (1992)

The dinuclear nickel(II) complex [Ni2L(MeOH)2(ClO4)2]·2NEt3HClO4, derived from a tetraazadiphenol macrocyclic ligand H2L, on reaction with glycine, β-alanine and glycylglycine affords the µ-carboxylato complexes of composition [Ni2L(–O2C–NH3+)(H2O)2][ClO4]2·nH2O. The structure of [Ni2L(µ-O2CCH2NH3)(H2O)2][ClO4]2·2H2O has been determined: monoclinic, space group Cc, with a= 17.465(2), b= 21.834(2), c= 11.480(1)Å, β= 115.27(2)° and Z= 4. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined to R= 0.047 and R′= 0.064.
High-efficiency GaN-based laser diodes for solid-state lighting (2008)

GaN-based laser diodes (LDs) with a slope efficiency of 2.6 W/A are presented. The white light source was fabricated by using 405 nm LDs and phosphors. The luminous flux was estimated to be 200 lm.
LED-based white light (2018)

This article discusses the use of light-emitting diodes to generate white light – a research forefront in Physics and Ergonomics. We first present various technological approaches to white-light generation. After a general introduction to the human vision system, we discuss two key aspects of the quality of white light: the color of the light itself, and the color rendering of illuminated objects. We present the tools underlying modern color science, and review key color rendering metrics, from the well-known color rendering index to the latest improvements in the field.
Highly resolved spatial transcriptomics for detection of rare events in cells (2021)

Abstract Single-cell spatial transcriptomics technologies leveraged the potential to transcriptionally landscape sophisticated reactions in cells. Current methods to delineate such complex interplay lack the flexibility in rapid target adaptation and are particularly restricted in detecting rare transcripts. We developed a multiplex single-cell RNA In-situ hybridization technique, called ‘Molecular Cartography’ (MC) that can be easily tailored to specific applications and, by providing unprecedented sensitivity, specificity and resolution, is particularly suitable in tracing rare events at a subcellular level. Using a SARS-CoV-2 infection model, MC allows the discernment of single events in host-pathogen interactions, dissects primary from secondary responses, and illustrates differences in antiviral signaling pathways affected by SARS-CoV-2, simultaneously in various cell types.
Exploration of Novel Ureidobenzothiazole Library Against Neuroinflammation (2011)

Department of Chemistry, Korea University, Seoul 136-701, KoreaReceived July 8, 2011, Accepted August 23, 2011Key Words : Combinatorial chemistry, Chemical library, Ureidobenzothiazole, Neuroinflammation, InhibitorCombinatorial chemistry serves as a powerful tool in leaddiscovery and lead optimization by facilitating the rapidgeneration of potential candidates for screening. Leadoptimization involves structural modifications of a hitcompound to a lead compound that has demonstrated thedesired biological or pharmacological activities, often in anin-vitro assay system. Among the broad range of templates,heterocyclic scaffolds represent the most promising mole-cules as leading structures for the discovery of novel syn-thetic drugs. In particular, the 2-aminothiazole core is foundin numerous drugs and clinical and preclinical candidatesthat address a broad spectrum of targets.
ChemInform Abstract: THE PHOTOINITIATED ELECTRON TRANSFER‐SUBSTITUTION REACTION OF DIPHENYL KETYL WITH PROTONATED 4‐CYANOPYRIDINE (1975)

Abstract Für die Bildung der Produkte (III), (IV) und (V) bei der Reaktion von 4‐Cyan‐pyridin (I) mit Benzophenon (II) unter UV‐Bestrahlung in wässriger H 2 SO4/Isopropanol wird ein Reaktionsmechanismus diskutiert, bei dem das photochemisch erzeugte Diphenylketyl‐Radikal die Cyan‐Gruppe des protonierten Pyridiniumions unter Bildung von (III) substituiert, (IV) in einer sekundären Photoreaktion aus (III) (experimentell nachweisbar) und (V) durch Zusammentritt zweier Diphenylketyl‐Radikale entsteht.
The role of polyethylenimine in enhancing the efficiency of quantum dot light-emitting devices (2018)

Although the use of polyethylenimine (PEI) in quantum dot light-emitting devices (QDLEDs) has recently been found to improve efficiency, the mechanism behind this increase has been disputed in the literature. In this work, we conduct investigations to elucidate the role of PEI in enhancing QDLED efficiency. Spectroscopic studies of devices with a phosphorescent marking layer reveal that the PEI layer increases, rather than decreases, the generation of excitons within the hole transporting layer indicative of increased electron injection. Delayed electroluminescence measurements corroborate these findings as devices with a PEI interlayer exhibit a greater concentration of excess mobile and trapped electrons. We attribute the improvement in efficiency despite the ensuing increased charge imbalance within the devices to the passivation of exciton quenching at the ZnO/QD interface. The increase in efficiency predominantly occurs over low driving currents which is particularly attractive for the brightness targets of display applications. Furthermore, despite the increased charge imbalance, the PEI passivation layer appears to have little effect on QDLED stability. This shows that excess electrons and Auger quenching by unneutralized electrons are not detrimental to QDLED stability.
CERTAIN INVESTIGATIONS ON REVERSIBLE IMAGE WATERMARKING (2019)

Objectives: To protect secret information in a digital medium without compromising robustness. There are many approaches introduced regarding the importance of utilizing medical, military and natural images for image watermarking procedure. Reversible watermarking is appreciated that the original media can be recovered without any loss of information after extracting stego-data. With an aim to provide higher security and robustness, certain investigations have been done on reversible image watermarking. Methods/Statistics: This research work mainly addresses on privacy, reversibility, payload and robustness related goals. Considering these challenges, three parts of image watermarking techniques, namely proposed Bi-orthogonal Wavelet Transform and Importance Measure Model (BWT and IMM), introduced Dynamic Prediction Error Integrated Reversible Image Watermarking (DPEIRIW) and proposed Multi Wavelet Transform based and Oppositional Particle Swarm Optimization (MWT - OPSO) are introduced to improvise the data hiding performance. Findings: The methodologies introduced in this research work not only surpass other approaches with considerations to a variety of incursions, but still maintains a satisfactory image quality. From the experimental results, it is clearly understood that this suggested approach MWT and OPSO attains the average PSNR of 59.84 dB and average NC of 1, which is minimal when comparedwith the all the other existing strategies. Applications/Improvements: As the ongoing trend is now towards multi-core computing and the requirements for the real time video communication is very much in demand, the ownership right information also required to be preserved. It could be a great future direction to deploy this design approach under multi-core platforms. Keywords: Correlation Coefficient, Entropy, Importance Measure Model, OPSO Biorthogonal DWT, Prediction Error, Reversible Watermarking, NC, PSNR
Tuning the Reflection Bandwidth of Polarization Volume Gratings by Guest Material Penetration (2023)

Polarization volume gratings (PVGs) based on polymerized cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) films can potentially be applied as optical combiners in augmented reality (AR) smart glasses. The reflection bandwidth of PVGs is determined by the helical pitch and birefringence of the CLC, which must be tuned to match the desired color for reflection, but tuning the material properties is challenging as the materials must also be polymerizable. Here, we report a postprocessing method based on guest material penetration for the tuning of the reflection bandwidth of CLC polymer films. Solution coating of a high-birefringence guest liquid crystal on a CLC film modifies the birefringence as well as elongates the helical pitch. Penetration of a high-birefringence 5CT liquid crystal was found to cause a birefringence increase of the CLC film by approximately 18%.
Surface plasmon modes of finite, planar, metal-insulator-metal plasmonic waveguides (2008)

The numerical analysis of finite planar metal-insulator-metal waveguide structures using the transfer-matrix formalism reveals both bound and leaky surface plasmon (SP) modes. The dispersion relations, propagation lengths and confinement factors of these SP modes are presented. The highest energy SP mode consists of non-radiative (bound) and radiative (leaky) portions separated by a spectral gap. The leaky regime is further divided into antenna and reactive mode regions. The antenna mode may be used for both free-space coupling and beam steering devices.
Emergent surgery for massive pulmonary embolism on the basis of clinical diagnosis. (2003)

We treated a 52-year-old man for a large pleural effusion that had occurred after he fell from a ladder. Upon discharge from the hospital, the patient collapsed and was nonresponsive and hypotensive. We suspected the cause to be pulmonary embolism. When it became evident that this patient would die without emergent intervention, he was taken to surgery. A massive clot was removed from the left pulmonary artery, and multiple smaller clots were removed from both pulmonary arteries. The patient recovered and was discharged from the hospital on the 11th postoperative day. To our knowledge, this is the 1st report of pulmonary embolectomy being performed on the basis of clinical diagnosis alone.
An SDMA algorithm for high-speed WLAN. Performance and complexity (2002)

Wireless LANs (WLANs) still offer low capacity compared to conventional wired LANs. To increase the capacity of a bandwidth-limited wireless system, its spatial efficiency can be improved. Pico-cellular WLAN architectures have been proposed to this aim. However, we showed in a previous study that pico-cellularisation has serious disadvantages. Instead, space division multiple access (SDMA) enables spatial selectivity within one cell. We present a blind SDMA algorithm suitable for a 100 Mbps WLAN. Its design is based on rigorous indoor channel modeling and is targeted towards implementation. The performance of the proposed algorithm in typical office environments is assessed using a semi-analytic simulation approach. Furthermore, the complexity required for a hardware realization is determined. We conclude that a frequency re-use factor of four is achieved by a four antenna receiver using 2000 snapshots for channel estimation.
FFD (2017)

Counterfeit electronics have become a big concern in the globalized semiconductor industry where chips might be recycled, remarked, cloned or overproduced. In this work, we advance the state-of-the-art counterfeit detection of flash memory, which is widely used in electronic systems. Fake memories may be used in critical systems, such as missiles, military aircrafts and helicopters, thus diminishing their reliability. In addition, there are countless stories of fake flash drives in the general consumer market. We propose a comprehensive framework called FFD to detect fake flash memories (i.e., recycled, remarked and cloned parts). FFD is validated with 200,000 commercial flash memory pages. Experimental results show that our framework performs well in: 1) nearly 100% detection accuracy of flash with as little as 5% usage, 2) estimating the flash memory usage with high resolution (≤ 5% of its maximal endurance). Another contribution of this work is a chip ID generation technique that can generate unique flash fingerprints with greater than 99.3% reliability.
Modelling and simulation of freeform surface generation in ultra-precision raster milling (2006)

Optical freeform surfaces are large-scale surface topologies with shapes generally possessing non-rotational symmetry with submicrometric form accuracy and nanometric surface finish. Due to the geometrical complexities, the prediction of form accuracy in ultraprecision raster milling of ultra-precision freeform surfaces is more difficult than conventional machining. Nowadays, the achievement of submicrometre form accuracy still depends largely on the experience and skills of the machine operators through an expensive trial-and-error approach. This paper presents a model-based simulation system for the prediction of form accuracy in ultra-precision raster milling of optical freeform surfaces. The system takes into account the cutting mechanics, cutting strategy, and the kinematics of the cutting process. Experimental work has been undertaken to verify the system and the predicted results agree well with the experimental results. The successful development of the model-based simulation system allows the optimum cutting parameters and cutting strategies to be determined without the need to conduct massive and costly trial-and-error cutting tests.
Soft multiuser detection for downlink CDMA communications in multipath fading channels (2002)

We discuss the interference in downlink CDMA channels and consider the advantages of applying multiuser detection techniques, fast power control and convolutional coding in mobile stations. Simulation results in a two-path Rayleigh fading channel are presented showing that if the increased computational complexity is tolerable hard and soft multiuser detection results in improved performance.
Evaluation of Postural Muscle Synergies during a Complex Motor Task in a Virtual Reality Environment (2022)

In this study, we investigate how the central nervous system (CNS) organizes postural control synergies when individuals perform a complex catch-and-throw task in a virtual reality (VR) environment. A Robotic Upright Stand Trainer (RobUST) platform, including surface electromyography and kinematics, was used to investigate how the CNS fine-tunes postural synergies with perturbative and assist-as-needed force fields. A control group without assistive forces was recruited to elucidate the effect of force fields on motor performance and postural synergy organization after the perturbation and during the VR reaching task. We found that the application of assistive forces significantly improved reaching and balance control. The group receiving assistive forces displayed four postural control synergies characterized by higher complexity (i.e., greater number of muscles involved). However, control subjects displayed eight synergies that recruited less number of muscles. In conclusion, assistive forces reduce the number of postural synergies while increasing the complexity of muscle module composition.
Spatially mapped single-cell chromatin accessibility (2019)

Abstract High-throughput single-cell epigenomic assays can resolve the heterogeneity of cell types and states in complex tissues, however, spatial orientation within the network of interconnected cells is lost. Here, we present a novel method for highly scalable, spatially resolved, single-cell profiling of chromatin states. We use high-density multiregional sampling to perform single-cell combinatorial indexing on Microbiopsies Assigned to Positions for the Assay for Transposase Accessible Chromatin (sciMAP-ATAC) to produce single-cell data of an equivalent quality to non-spatially resolved single-cell ATAC-seq, where each cell is localized to a three-dimensional position within the tissue. A typical experiment comprises between 96 and 384 spatially mapped tissue positions, each producing 10s to over 100 individual single-cell ATAC-seq profiles, and a typical resolution of 214 cubic microns; with the ability to tune the resolution and cell throughput to suit each target application. We apply sciMAP-ATAC to the adult mouse primary somatosensory cortex, where we profile cortical lamination and demonstrate the ability to analyze data from a single tissue position or compare a single cell type in adjacent positions. We also profile the human primary visual cortex, where we produce spatial trajectories through the cortex. Finally, we characterize the spatially progressive nature of cerebral ischemic infarct in the mouse brain using a model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion. We leverage the spatial information to identify novel and known transcription factor activities that vary by proximity to the ischemic infarction core with cell type specificity.
A tunable polarization-independent liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer filter (1992)

The authors propose a simple structure for a tunable polarization-independent wavelength-selective filter. This successfully fabricated filter consists of a liquid crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer, a gamma /4 plate, and a mirror. The input light is divided into a transmitted light and a reflected light. The polarization of this reflected light is rotated 90 degrees by the gamma /4 plate and the mirror and then this light is input again into the filter. The bandwidth is 0.48 nm and the tuning range is 50 nm. Fiber-to-fiber loss is approximately 3.9 dB and polarization dependence of the loss is approximately 0.3 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Particle filter adaptation for distributed sensors via set membership (2010)

A distributed set-membership-constrained particle filter (SMCPF) is developed for decentralized tracking applications using wireless sensor networks. Unlike existing PF alternatives, SMC-PF offers reduced overhead for inter-sensor communications because it requires only particle weights to be exchanged among sensors, instead of raw measurements or parameters of a Gaussian mixture model. SMC-PF relies on a novel distributed adaptation scheme based on successive set intersections that can afford reduced number of particles without sacrificing performance. Conditions are provided to quantify the variance reduction of the SMC-PF-based state estimator. Simulations corroborate the ability of the SMCPF to considerably outperform the bootstrap PF for a fixed number of particles.
Time-dependent effects of hypothermia on microglial activation and migration (2012)

Taken together, our results indicate that delayed hypothermia is sufficient to attenuate microglial activation and migration, and provide the basis of determining the optimal time window for therapeutic hypothermia. Delayed hypothermia may be neuroprotective by inhibiting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation, indicating the therapeutic potential of post-injury hypothermia for patients with brain damages exhibiting some of the inflammatory components.
Transmitter-Side Microwave Domain Dispersion Compensation Using Direct Detection for 10-Gb/s Signals (2007)

A simple chromatic-dispersion compensation scheme operating in the microwave domain at the transmitter is shown. The proposed scheme avoids coherent detection by making use of a dual nested Mach-Zehnder modulator. Simulated and experimental performance results on 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero signals are described.
Epidemiology and Impact on Performance of Lower Extremity Stress Injuries in Professional Basketball Players (2017)

Stress injuries result in decreased player performance, and surgical intervention results in improved performance metrics.