gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estrogen receptor binding in regions of the rat hypothalamus and preoptic area after inhibition of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (1991)

Previous studies have shown that administration of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC), a dopamine-beta-hydroxylase inhibitor, results in a decreased concentration of estrogen receptors measured in the rodent hypothalamus and preoptic area. To determine if this modulation of receptor content is region-specific, in vitro estrogen binding assays were performed on cytosol and cell nuclear extracts of microdissected brain regions from female rats treated with DDC. For cytosol binding comparisons, ovariectomized (OVX) rats were treated with 550 mg DDC/kg b. wt. or the saline vehicle 12 h before sacrifice. For cell nuclear binding comparisons, OVX rats received a maximal dose of estradiol 12 h after DDC or saline treatment and 1 h before sacrifice. No region-specific decreases in estrogen binding were observed in either cytosol or nuclear extracts. To further examine possible regional specificity, quantitative autoradiographic analysis of the in vivo hypothalamic uptake of an iodinated analog of estradiol, 11 beta-methoxy-16 alpha-[125I]iodoestradiol (MIE2), in OVX rats treated with DDC was conducted. Animals received a saturating dose of [125I]MIE2 12 h after DDC or saline treatment and 1 h before sacrifice. DDC treatment resulted in higher background levels of radioactivity and a trend toward higher uptake levels in all brain regions, but with no evidence of marked regional specific effects in any area of the brain. In tissue uptake studies, DDC treatment resulted in higher levels of radioactivity recovered from serum and neural tissues of [125I]MIE2-injected rats, suggesting that DDC slows the clearance of MIE2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anxiolytic‐ and panicolytic‐like effects of Neuropeptide S in the mouse elevated T‐maze (2012)

Neuropeptide S (NPS) regulates various biological functions by selectively activating the NPS receptor (NPSR). Recently, epidemiological studies revealed an association between NPSR single nucleotide polymorphisms and susceptibility to panic disorders. Here we investigated the effects of NPS in mice subjected to the elevated T maze (ETM), an assay which has been proposed to model anxiety and panic. Diazepam [1 mg/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)] elicited clear anxiolytic effects reducing the latency to emerge from the closed to the open (CO) arm without modifying the latencies from the open to the closed (OC) arm. By contrast, chronic fluoxetine (10 mg/kg i.p., once a day for 21 days) selectively increased OC latency, suggesting a panicolytic-like effect. NPS given intracerebroventricularly at 0.001-1 nmol elicited both anxiolytic- and panicolytic-like effects. However, although the NPS anxiolytic dose-response curve displayed the classical sigmoidal shape, the dose-response curve of the putative panicolytic-like effect was bell shaped with peak effect at 0.01 nmol. The behaviour of wild-type [NPSR(+/+)] and receptor knock out [NPSR(-/-)] mice in the ETM task was superimposable. NPS at 0.01 nmol elicited anxiolytic- and panicolytic-like effects in NPSR(+/+) but not in NPSR(-/-) mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that NPS, via selective activation of the NPSR, promotes both anxiolytic- and panicolytic-like actions in the mouse ETM.
Synthesis and structural characterization of tris(2-mercapto-1-methylbenzimidazolyl)hydroborato cadmium halide complexes, {[TmMeBenz]Cd(μ-Cl)}2and [TmMeBenz]CdI: a rare example of cadmium in a trigonal bipyramidal sulfur-rich coordination environment (2014)

The tris(2-mercapto-1-methylbenzimidazolyl)hydroborato cadmium complexes, {[Tm(MeBenz)]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 and [Tm(MeBenz)]CdI, have been synthesized via the reactions of [Tm(MeBenz)]K with CdCl2 and CdI2, respectively. While X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate that the iodide derivative, [Tm(MeBenz)]CdI, is a monomer, the chloride derivative, {[Tm(MeBenz)]Cd(μ-Cl)}2, exists as a dimer, which is unprecedented for Group 12 [Tm(R)]MX (X = Cl, Br, I) compounds. Furthermore, the cadmium centers of {[Tm(MeBenz)]Cd(μ-Cl)}2 are trigonal bipyramidal, which is an uncommon motif for cadmium complexes with a [S3Cl2] coordination sphere.
Control of plasma uniformity in a capacitive discharge using two very high frequency power sources (2009)

Very high frequency (VHF) capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) discharges are being employed for dielectric etching due to VHF’s various benefits including low plasma potential, high electron density, and controllable dissociation. If the plasma is generated using multiple VHF sources, one can expect that the interaction between the sources can be important in determining the plasma characteristics. The effects of VHF mixing on plasma characteristics, especially its spatial profile, are investigated using both computational modeling and diagnostic experiments. The two-dimensional plasma model includes the full set of Maxwell equations in their potential formulation. The plasma simulation results show that electron density peaks at the center of the chamber at 180 MHz due to the standing electromagnetic wave. Electrostatic effects at the electrode edges tend to get stronger at lower VHFs such as 60 MHz. When the two rf sources are used simultaneously and power at 60 MHz is gradually increased, the ion flux becomes uniform and then transitions to peak at electrode edge. These results are corroborated by Langmuir probe measurements of ion saturation current. VHF mixing is therefore an effective method for dynamically controlling plasma uniformity. The plasma is stronger and more confined when the 60 MHz source is connected to the smaller bottom electrode compared to the top electrode.
An efficient linear-correction least-squares approach to source localization (2002)

A linear-correction least-squares estimation procedure is proposed for the source localization problem under an additive measurement error model. The method, which can be easily implemented in a real-time system with moderate computational complexity, yields a source location estimator with a small bias and a small variance. Alternative existing estimators, including likelihood-based, spherical interpolation, and quadratic-correction least-squares estimators, are investigated and comparisons of their estimation consistency and efficiency against the Cramer-Rao lower bound are made. Numerical studies demonstrate that the proposed estimator performs better under many practical situations.
80-Gb/s Conventional Hybrid TDM/WDM PON with 256-Split Based on Remotely-Pumped Network-Embedded Self-Tuning Transmitter (2012)

We present a conventional hybrid stacked-WDM/TDM-PON system based on a colorless network-embedded self-tuning transmitter assisted by a remotely pumped erbium-doped double-pass amplifier located at the remote node. The scheme provides up to 256-split PON with 80-Gb/s aggregate upstream capacity obtained with RSOA direct modulation at 2.5Gb/s.
Real-time 3D cube detection and tracking using depth sensor for interactive augmented reality system (2015)

This paper presents a real-time 3D cube detection and tracking algorithm for projector-based tangible augmented reality systems. The algorithm, which uses a depth-map as its input, combines homogeneous-slope sampling, voting using geometric constraints, and particle filtering for fast and accurate cube tracking. Experiments show that the algorithm produces accurate and visually pleasing results in real time.
Synthesis of Arnoamine B (IV) and Related Compounds (V). (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Effect of DNA length on the nucleosome low salt transition (1980)

The effect of DNA length on the low salt unfolding transition of nucleosomes has been studied by the use of fluorescently labeled histones. Nucleosomes were formed by the reconstitution of bulk DNA fragments averaging 173 and 250 base pairs in length. These nucleosomes exhibited a conformational change in a transition centered at about 7 mM ionic strength, very different from that observed for the standard 145 bp nucleosomes (1-3mM). In addition, the conformational change of the 173 and 250 bp nucleosomes involves twice as many ions as that of the 145 bp nucleosomes.
Low Serum Levels of Sex Steroids Are Associated with Disease Characteristics in Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome; Supplementation with Dehydroepiandrosterone Restores the Concentrations (2009)

Disease manifestations in primary Sjogren's syndrome were associated with low sex hormone levels, dry mouth symptoms with low androgens, and dry eyes with low estrogens. Exogenous DHEA was preferentially transformed into androgens rather than into estrogens.
The use of chirped fibre Bragg grating sensors to monitor disbond growth (2009)

Composite-composite or composite-metal bonded joints, are used in various industries and applications. The difficulty with any bonded construction with regard to structural integrity monitoring is, of course, that the bonded structure cannot be disassembled easily. Various NDE (non-destructive evaluation) techniques have been suggested to monitor bonded joints based on ultrasonic, acoustic, thermal and backface strain measurements [e.g. 1-3]. Among NDE optical techniques suggested, the use of uniform fibre Bragg grating (FBG) sensors has been the most widely favoured, with a number of demonstrations available in the literature for monitoring bonded joints, repairs and structures [e.g. 4-6]. In addition, chirped fibre Bragg grating (CFBG) sensors have been investigated more recently for damage monitoring in composite materials, bonded joints and sandwich structures (e.g. [7-11]).
Synthesis of highly fluorescent carbon dots fromPlectranthus amboinicusas a fluorescent sensor for Ag+ion (2019)

Selective detection of metal ion is a major research interest in the field of sensors development for environmental safety. Herein, a facile, cost-effective and eco-friendly method is developed to synthesis carbon dots (CDs) from plant material (Plectranthus amboinicus) without any harmful chemicals. As-synthesized CDs exhibited bright blue emission under an excitation wavelength of 390 nm. The Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the presence of functional groups with respective binding energies (hydroxyl and carboxyl groups) on the surface of CDs. The interaction between CDs and metal ions is examined by the influence of fluorescent intensity changes with respect to the quenching effect of CDs. When compared to the other metal ions, silver ion (Ag+) had an excellent fluorescent quenching of CDs. The fluorescence intensity of CD exhibited a good linear correlation efficiency for the detection of Ag+ ion from 0–30 nM (R2 = 0.9905) with a detection limit of 10 nM. In addition, an excellent color change is observed (colorimetric analysis and visible eye observation) for silver ion reduction (from Ag+ into Ag0) compared with other metal ions (no specific color changes). This method is simple, sensitive and selective for colorimetric and fluorescence analysis of Ag+ in a water sample.
Regional [14C]misonidazole distribution in experimental RT-9 brain tumors. (1983)

Regional [14C]misonidazole-derived radioactivity (MISO) was measured by quantitative autoradiography in experimental RT-9 brain tumors 0.5, 2, and 4 hr after an i.v. bolus (25 mg) and constant infusion (10 mg/hr). Misonidazole (MISO) concentration in plasma and brain was also measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography; the brain/plasma MISO ratio ranged between 0.5 and 0.7. MISO equivalents were calculated from tissue or plasma 14C radioactivity and [14C]MISO specific activity data. The MISO/MISO equivalents ratio, which represents the nonmetabolized fraction of [14C]MISO, fell gradually in plasma (0.89 at 4 hr) and more rapidly in brain (0.67 at 4 hr) and tumor (0.30 at 4 hr). MISO distributed uniformly throughout the brain at all three time periods. In contrast, MISO distribution in tumor was variable, and tumor concentrations relative to that in brain increased with time. The average tumor/brain MISO ratio was 1.3, 1.7, and 2.6 at 0.5, 2, and 4 hr, respectively, which suggests tumor uptake and binding of MISO or, more likely, MISO-derived 14C-labeled metabolites. In addition, MISO distribution in tumor tissue was strikingly heterogeneous at 4 hr, resulting in an average high/low tumor activity ratio of 4/1 and an average high tumor/brain ratio of 5/1. Tumor regions with high MISO activity correlated in part to viable-appearing cells around necrotic foci.
Abstract PD04-10: Genome-Wide Copy Number Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) from Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients (2010)

Abstract Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated the prognostic and predictive value of the number of CTCs in metastatic breast cancer. However, it is the molecular characterization of CTCs that offers insight into the biology of these tumor cells in the context of personalized treatment. Methods: Ten to twenty mLs of blood from 32 metastatic breast cancer patients with poor prognosis (≥5 CTCs in 7.5mLs blood) were subjected to immunomagnetic enrichment. Pools of ∼20 CTCs [EpCAM+, CD45-, nucleated] were isolated via fluorescence activated cell sorting, FACS. Genomic DNA was subjected to whole genome amplification followed by array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis. Serial genomic profiling was performed in three patients. Genomic profiles from archival primary tumor available from 4 patients were compared to matched CTCs. Copy number analysis was performed using the Nexus® Copy Number. Genomic alterations with p ≥0.05 were considered significant. Results: Genomic profiling of CTCs revealed significant recurrent (≥35%) genomic alterations including gains in 8q12.1, 8q24 and losses in 1p36, 4p16, 5q21, 10q22, 11q24-25, and 13q34. Good concordance of CGH profiles obtained from CTCs isolated from serial blood samples attested to the reproducibility of the assay. Furthermore, comparisons of CTCs with matched archival primary tumors confirmed shared lineage with some divergence. Conclusions: Copy number analysis revealed common genomic alterations in CTCs as well as shared aberrations with matched primary tumor. In addition, we demonstrated the feasibility of serial genomic profiling of CTCs. Future work will determine associations between genomic aberrations in CTCs and clinicopathological parameters. Uncovering genomic alterations in CTCs may lead to the discovery of therapeutic biomarkers to specifically target these cells in breast cancer patients who respond poorly to current aggressive therapies. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2010;70(24 Suppl):Abstract nr PD04-10.
Molecular Anion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A high linearity amplifier using an optimized transconductance process (2014)

High linearity, high gain and wide frequency bandwidth are key parameters for amplifiers used for broadband systems where distortion levels define the architecture of the network. Amplifiers with high output third order intercept points require a flat transconductance curve versus the gate voltage. The surface states between the GaAs and the nitride passivation layer and the material etching in the ungated area reduce the flatness of the transconductance curve. High gate leakage current of the devices can also degrade the transconductance. However the transconductance needs to remain constant in the operating range of the gate bias to achieve low third order intermodulation distortion. In this investigation an amplifier was designed and manufactured to validate the optimization of the process to obtain flat transconductance curves. The amplifier third order intercept point improved 7 dB typically when using the optimized process. The amplifier exhibited 20 dB of gain, 4.5 dB noise figure, and +45 dBm output third order intercept point across 50 MHz to 1000 MHz.
Vaccinia virus F1L protein promotes virulence by inhibiting inflammasome activation (2013)

Host innate immune responses to DNA viruses involve members of the nucleotide-binding domain, leucine-rich repeat and pyrin domain containing protein (NLRP) family, which form "inflammasomes" that activate caspase-1, resulting in proteolytic activation of cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18. We hypothesized that DNA viruses would target inflammasomes to overcome host defense. A Vaccinia virus (VACV) B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) homolog, F1L, was demonstrated to bind and inhibit the NLR family member NLRP1 in vitro. Moreover, infection of macrophages in culture with virus lacking F1L (ΔF1L) caused increased caspase-1 activation and IL-1β secretion compared with wild-type virus. Virulence of ΔF1L virus was attenuated in vivo, causing altered febrile responses, increased proteolytic processing of caspase-1, and more rapid inflammation in lungs of infected mice without affecting cell death or virus replication. Furthermore, we found that a hexapeptide from F1L is necessary and sufficient for inhibiting the NLRP1 inflammasome in vitro, thus identifying a peptidyl motif required for binding and inhibiting NLRP1. The functional importance of this NLRP1-binding motif was further confirmed by studies of recombinant ΔF1L viruses reconstituted either with the wild-type F1L or a F1L mutant that fails to bind NLRP1. Cellular infection with wild-type F1L reconstituted virus-suppressed IL-1β production, whereas mutant F1L did not. In contrast, both wild-type and mutant versions of F1L equally suppressed apoptosis. In vivo, the NLR nonbinding F1L mutant virus exhibited an attenuated phenotype similar to ΔF1L virus, thus confirming the importance of F1L interactions with NLRP1 for viral pathogenicity in mice. Altogether, these findings reveal a unique viral mechanism for evading host innate immune responses.
Editorial: What's next after "universal" adhesives, "bioactive" adhesives? (2017)

status: Published
Three Multi-Components Reaction: Synthesis and X-Ray Single-Crystal of Hydroacridinone-Based Hydrazino-S-Triazine Derivative as a New Class of Urease Inhibitor (2019)

The one-pot fashion of three multi-component reaction provides the desired hydroacridinone-based hydrazino-s-triazine scaffold 4. Compound 4 was crystallized in an orthorhombic crystal system and Pbca space group with a = 11.6271(2) Å, b = 18.2018(4) Å, c = 32.4721(6) Å, and α = β = γ = 90° with one formula unit per asymmetric unit and eight molecules per unit cell. Additionally, structural features, Hirshfeld surfaces, and DFT studies were also investigated. Its packing in the crystal is controlled by H…H (63.4%), O…H (12.7%), Cl…H (7.2%), N…H (4.7%), and C…H (10.2%) contacts, where the O…H and Cl…H contacts were found the strongest. In vitro urease inhibition evaluation showed that the hydroacridinone-based hydrazino-s-triazine is more active (IC50 = 17.9 ± 0.47 µM) than the standard acetohydroxamic acid (IC50 = 20.3 ± 0.43 µM).
Improvements to the Pool Critical Assembly Pressure Vessel Benchmark with 3-D Parallel SN PENTRAN (2014)

The internationally circulated Pool Critical Assembly (PCA) Pressure Vessel Benchmark was analyzed using the PENTRAN Parallel S N code system for the geometry, material, and source specifications as described in the PCA Benchmark documentation. Improvements to the benchmark are proposed here through the application of more representative flux and volume weighted homogenized cross sections for the PCA reactor core, which were obtained from a rigorous heterogeneous modeling of all fuel assembly types in the core. A new source term definition is also proposed based on calculated relative power in each core fuel assembly with a spectrum based on the Uranium-235 fission spectra. This research focused on utilizing the BUGLE-96 cross section library and accompanying reaction rates, while also examining PENTRAN’s adaptive differencing implemented on a coarse mesh basis, as well as fixed use of Directional Theta-Weighted (DTW) SN differencing scheme in order to compare the calculated PENTRAN results to measured data. The results show good comparison with the measured benchmark data, which suggests PENTRAN is a viable, reliable code system for calculation of light water reactor neutron shielding and pressure vessel dosimetry calculations. Furthermore, the improvements to the benchmark methodology resulting from this work provide a 6 percent increase in accuracy of the calculation (based on the average of all calculation points), when compared with experimentally measured results at the same spatial locations in the PCA pressure vessel simulator.
An adaptive a priori SNR estimator for perceptual speech enhancement (2019)

In this paper, an adaptive averaging a priori SNR estimation employing critical band processing is proposed. The proposed method modifies the current decision-directed a priori SNR estimation to achieve faster tracking when SNR changes. The decision-directed estimator (DD) employs a fixed weighting with the value close to one, which makes it slow in following the onsets of speech utterances. The proposed SNR estimator provides a means to solve this issue by employing an adaptive weighting factor. This allows an improved tracking of onset changes in the speech signal. As a consequence, it results in better preservation of speech components. This adaptive technique ensures that the weighting between the modified decision-directed a priori estimate and the maximum likelihood a priori estimate is a function of the speech absence probability. The estimate of the speech absence probability is modeled by a sigmoid function. Furthermore, a critical band mapping for the short-time Fourier transform analysis-synthesis system is utilized in the speech enhancement to achieve less musical noise. In addition, to evaluate the ability of the a priori SNR estimation method in preserving speech components, we proposed a modified objective measurement known as modified hamming distance. Evaluations are performed by utilizing both objective and subjective measurements. The experimental results show that the proposed method improves the speech quality under different noise conditions. Moreover, it maintains the advantage of the DD approach in eliminating the musical noise under different SNR conditions. The objective results are supported by subjective listening tests using 10 subjects (5 males and 5 females).