gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Numerical Simulation of Mixed Flow Past an Inclined Square Cylinder Using a Local Radial Basis Function Method (2019)

Abstract Unsteady mixed convective heat transfer flow past an inclined square cylinder is numerically investigated using a local multi-quadric radial basis function (MQRBF) interpolation. The blockage parameter (ratio of square cylinder length d to height of the computational domain H) varies from 0.025 to 0.2. Air is considered as the working fluid and Prandtl number is fixed at 0.71. Richardson number generally affects the heat transfer efficiency ranging from 0 to 20. Inclined angle of square cylinder ranges from 0° to 45°. The inlet flow is assumed to be laminar and uniform. At the outlet of the computational domain, a convective boundary condition is compared with a traditional Neumann condition. A study of the shape parameter of MQRBF which is sensitive to the distribution of inhomogeneous supporting nodes is provided. The representative streamlines, vortex structures and isotherm patterns are presented and discussed. In addition, the overall lift and drag coefficients, average Nusselt number and Strouhal number for unsteady flow are analyzed for various Reynolds number and Richardson number.
Low-Stress Silicon Nitride Platform for Broadband Mid-Infrared Microphotonics (2014)

We experimentally demonstrate a sophisticated mid-IR microphotonics platform adopting engineered Si-rich and low-stress silicon nitride (SiNx) thin films where an extensive infrared transparency up to λ = 8.5 μm is achieved. Furthermore, because of the designed low-stress property, the SiNx deposition is able to reach a thickness &gt; 2 μm that significantly reduces mid-IR waveguide loss to less than 0.2 dB/cm. We show directional couplers functioning over a broad infrared spectrum, thus enabling monolithic mid-IR multiplexing schemes for integrated linear and nonlinear photonics leading to sophisticated label-free sensing technologies.
Risks of Contrast Media Use (2018)

The aim of using CM is to visualize certain structures in the organism or improve their visualization and to obtain information on organ functions. A CM must have low toxicity and be safe to use since it is often injected at a high dose and for certain purposes very quickly.
A metamaterial-inspired handset antenna with the SAR reduction (2012)

A method to reduce the specific absorption rate(SAR) of the antenna for WiMAX mobile communication is proposed in this paper. The SAR reduction is achieved by miniaturizing the physical size of the antenna for the given resonance frequency by devising a metamaterial-inspired radiator much smaller than the quarter-guided wavelength appearing in the conventional planar inverted F antenna(PIFA) or modified monopole antenna. The proposed antenna is placed near the head-phantom and its SAR is evaluated by the full-wave simulations(SEMCAD X), where the metamaterial-inspired antenna is shown to have the lower value than a modified monopole as the reference in terms of the SAR.
H-Bond Surrogate-Stabilized Shortest Single-Turn α-Helices: sp2 Constraints and Residue Preferences for the Highest α-Helicities (2020)

Short α-helical sequences of proteins fail to maintain their native conformation when taken out of their protein context. Several covalent constraints have been designed, including the covalent H-bond surrogate (HBS)-where a peptide backbone <i>i</i> + 4 → <i>i</i> H-bond is replaced by a covalent surrogate-to nucleate α-helix in short sequences (>7 < 15 amino acids). But constraining the shortest sequences (four amino acids) into a single α-helical turn is still a significant challenge. Here, we introduce an HBS model that can be placed in unstructured tetrapeptides without excising any of its residues, and that biases them predominantly into remarkably stable single α-helical turns in varying solvents, pH values, and temperatures. Circular dichroism (CD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) absorption, one-dimensional (1D)-NMR, two-dimensional (2D)-NMR spectral and computational analyses of the HBS-constrained tetrapeptide analogues reveal that (a) the number of sp<sup>2</sup> atoms in the HBS-constrained backbone influences their predominance and rigidity in the α-helical conformation; and (b) residue preferences at the unnatural HBS-constrained positions influence their α-helicities, with Moc[GFA]G-OMe (<b>1a</b>) showing the highest known α-helicity (θ<sub>n→π*MRE</sub> ∼-25.3 × 10<sup>3</sup> deg cm<sup>2</sup> dmol<sup>-1</sup> at 228 nm) for a single α-helical turn. Current findings benefit chemical biological applications desiring predictable access to single α-helical turns in tetrapeptides.
Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization Status and Research Needs (2018)

In the quest to mitigate the buildup of greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere, researchers and policymakers have increasingly turned their attention to techniques for capturing greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane, either from the locations where they are emitted or directly from the atmosphere. Once captured, these gases can be stored or put to use. While both carbon storage and carbon utilization have costs, utilization offers the opportunity to recover some of the cost and even generate economic value. While current carbon utilization projects operate at a relatively small scale, some estimates suggest the market for waste carbon-derived products could grow to hundreds of billions of dollars within a few decades, utilizing several thousand teragrams of waste carbon gases per year. Gaseous Carbon Waste Streams Utilization: Status and Research Needs assesses research and development needs relevant to understanding and improving the commercial viability of waste carbon utilization technologies and defines a research agenda to address key challenges. The report is intended to help inform decision making surrounding the development and deployment of waste carbon utilization technologies under a variety of circumstances, whether motivated by a goal to improve processes for making carbon-based products, to generate revenue, or to achieve environmental goals.
Spatial cognitive rehabilitation and motor recovery after stroke (2014)

Spatial retraining, currently used selectively after right-brain stroke, may be broadly useful after stroke to promote rapid motor recovery.
Altered immunosuppressive activity of alveolar macrophages in farmer's lung disease (1996)

Since normal alveolar macrophages (AMs) can suppress T-cell proliferation to mitogenic and antigenic stimuli both in vitro and in vivo, we questioned whether an altered AM immunosuppressive activity could account for the alveolar lymphocytosis observed in farmer's lung (FL) and whether granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine able to abrogate AM-induced immunosuppression, is involved in the process. The ability of different concentrations of AMs to inhibit lymphocyte proliferation in response to the T-cell-specific mitogen phytohaemagglutin (PHA) after in vitro culture was tested in three groups of subjects: 12 patients with FL; four asymptomatic farmers (AS); and six normal volunteers (N). Release of GM-CSF by AMs was also measured. At all ratios tested, AMs from patients with FL did not suppress the lymphoproliferation but instead had an enhancing effect. In AS, AMs enhanced the proliferation at a lower ratio but inhibited it at high ratios. In N subjects, as described previously, AMs increasingly inhibited the blastogenesis of lymphocytes (L) at increasing ratios of AM:L. In some patients with FL, AMs spontaneously released more GM-CSF than in normal volunteers (206 +/- 84 versus 29 +/- 14 pg.mL-1, respectively). In AS, GM-CSF release was intermediate (74 +/- 36 pg.mL-1). In conclusion, a defect in the ability of alveolar macrophages to suppress the proliferation of lymphocytes in the lung of patients with farmer's lung is a major factor accounting for the development of the observed lymphocytic alveolitis. Granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor could be one factor which may contribute to this alteration.
Erosion kinetics of hydrolytically degradable polymers. (1993)

Degradable polymers are beginning to play an increasing role as materials for environmental and medical applications. Understanding factors that control erosion, such as bond cleavage and the dissolution and diffusion of degradation products, will be critical to the future development of these materials. Erosion kinetics, photomicroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy were used to understand the erosion mechanism of two families of degradable polymers, polyanhydrides and polyesters. Polyanhydrides exhibit behavior more characteristic of surface erosion, whereas the polyesters exhibit bulk erosion patterns. Control of erosion times from a few days to several years can be achieved by a judicious choice of monomer units and bond selection.
Comparison of Different Methods for the Point of Zero Charge Determination of NiO (2011)

Four methods, fast titration, salt addition, mass titration, and ζ potentiometry, were employed to determine the point of zero charge (PZC) and isoelectric point (IEP) of NiO. However, this work mainly focuses on the fast titration method because it limits the release of Ni from the substrate. Furthermore, the fast titration is simple, rapid, and accurate and requires a small quantity of substrate as compared to the salt addition and mass titration techniques. The similarity between the PZC and IEP values rules out the specific adsorption of the bulk electrolyte onto the NiO surface. However, the PZC values shift downward with the increase in Cd ion concentration, which indicates the specific adsorption of Cd onto the NiO. In addition, temperature has a mild effect on the deprotonation constants and PZC of NiO. It was also observed that the thermodynamic parameters favor the deprotonation of NiO.
Increased Sectorization: Horizontal or Vertical? (2013)

In this paper, the results from LTE downlink performance evaluations of higher-order horizontal (six sectors) and vertical sectorization are presented. The study has been focused on interference-limited urban and rural macro scenarios with user equipment (UEs) distributed outdoors according to a spatially uniform distribution. The results for these scenarios show that higher-order horizontal and vertical sectorization give similar performance for small urban macro cells (200 m inter-site distance), but that higher-order horizontal sectorization outperforms vertical sectorization for larger cells. This is due to the very small elevation angle interval occupied by the majority of outdoor UEs in large cells, making it difficult to separate them in different vertical sectors.
Abstract 831: Reproducible, mechanism of action-reflecting reporter based bioassays to enable drug development of biosimilars and biobetters (2018)

Abstract The demand for biosimilars and bioassays for biosimilars are increasing as the patent cliff approaches for many blockbuster biologics. Recently, the expanded approval of Actemra (Tocilizumab) to treat CAR T-cell-induced cytokine release syndrome (CRS) demonstrated the role of anti-IL-6 blocking drugs as critical for the treatment of serious diseases such as cancer and autoimmune diseases. Here we describe a portfolio of luciferase reporter-based bioassays to support the development and potency determination of biosimilar drugs targeting cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, IL-15, IL-12/23, IL-17, VEGF, RANK, Epo, IFNs, etc. The availability of quantitative, functional bioassays in Thaw-and-Use format provides the benefit of convenience, reproducibility, and transferability. We demonstrate these assays are able to measure relative potency for antibody biologics and detect potency changes for stressed antibody samples. In summary, the reporter-based bioassay portfolio for biosimilars provides a valuable tool for the development, stability testing, and potency determination in manufacture of biosimilars and biobetters. Citation Format: Richard L. Somberg, Rich Moravec, Dun Li, Aileen Paguio, Mei Cong. Reproducible, mechanism of action-reflecting reporter based bioassays to enable drug development of biosimilars and biobetters [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 831.
Reliability of Mixed‐Heterojunction Organic Photovoltaics Grown via Organic Vapor Phase Deposition (2015)

Organic vapor phase deposition is used to grow a roughened active layer for an organic photovoltaic cell that suppresses morphological changes in a subsequently deposited Bphen blocking layer. Bphen grown on smooth active layers grown by vacuum thermal evaporation crystallizes due to lack of morphological “pinning.” Morphological pinning leads to improved operational device lifetime of the organic vapor phase deposition-grown organic photovoltaic cells.
Continuous wave operation of surface-emitting two-dimensional photonic crystal laser (2004)

We report continuous wave operation of a surface-emitting two-dimensional photonic crystal laser. The threshold current is as low as 40 mA, and a very narrow divergence angle (1.0/spl deg/) is observed.
Improvements in the minimum binding sequence of C5a: examination of His-67 (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleImprovements in the minimum binding sequence of C5a: examination of His-67Yat Sun Or, Richard F. Clark, Benjamin Lane, Karl W. Mollison, George W. Carter, and Jay R. LulyCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1992, 35, 2, 402–406Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00080a030RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views81Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (677 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Verification of causal relationships between Listeria monocytogenes isolates implicated in food-borne outbreaks of listeriosis by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA patterns (1994)

Food and clinical isolates of Listeria monocytogenes recovered from four different outbreaks of listeriosis were analyzed by their PCR-based randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) patterns to verify their causal relationships. The generation of DNA fingerprints by PCR-based RAPD analysis is a fast and sensitive method for the epidemiological tracking and identification of bacteria implicated in food poisoning outbreaks. The L. monocytogenes strains used in the study were obtained from the following four outbreaks: California, 1985, Mexican-style cheese; Canadian Maritime Provinces, 1981, coleslaw; Canada, 1989, brie cheese; and Canada, 1989, alfalfa tablets. RAPD profiles were generated by using random 10-mer primers for at least one food and one clinical isolate recovered from each outbreak. Identical profiles for 20 different primers were observed for each pair of food and clinical isolates from two of the four outbreaks. Isolates from the outbreak involving alfalfa tablets exhibited identical patterns for 19 primers; however, primer OPA-1 produced one additional 1.8-kb fragment, designated OPA-1-1.8, that was found in the food isolate but not in the corresponding clinical isolate. Hybridization analysis revealed that the absence of the OPA-1-1.8 polymorphic fragment in the clinical isolate was due to a deletion of at least 1.8 kb. Loss of the OPA-1-1.8 polymorphic fragment could not be induced by infective passage of the L. monocytogenes isolate from the alfalfa tablet through a mouse or by growth of this isolate under selective conditions. This suggests that the isolate recovered from the food was not identical to the isolate recovered from the patient. The ability to produce unique RAPD patterns allows for the discrimination between isolates even if they are of the same serotype and multilocus enzyme electrophoretic type.
vPipe (2014)

Virtualization introduces a significant amount of overhead for I/O intensive applications running inside virtual machines (VMs). Such overhead is caused by two main sources: (1) device virtualization and (2) VM scheduling. Device virtualization causes significant CPU overhead as I/O data need to be moved across several protection boundaries. VM scheduling introduces delays to the overall I/O processing path due to the wait time of VMs' virtual CPUs in the run queue. We observe that such overhead particularly affects many applications involving piped I/O data movements, such as web servers, streaming servers, big data analytics, and storage, because the data has to be transferred first into the application from the source I/O device and then back to the sink I/O device, incurring the virtualization overhead twice. In this paper, we propose vPipe, a programmable framework to mitigate this problem for a wide range of applications running in virtualized clouds. vPipe enables direct "piping" of application I/O data from source to sink devices, either files or TCP sockets, at virtual machine monitor (VMM) level. By doing so, vPipe can avoid both device virtualization overhead and VM scheduling delays, resulting in improved I/O throughput and application performance as well as significant CPU savings.
The HIV-1 associated dementia complex (1997)

HIV enters the brain soon after virus exposure but elicits profound neurological deficits in infected humans years later usually during progressive immunosuppression and the development of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. The neurological disease complex associated with virus infection occurs in a large proportion of infected patients and is commonly referred to as HIV-1 associated dementia complex. The neuropathogenesis of central nervous system/viral infection revolves around mononuclear phagocytes (brain macrophage/microglial) infection and immune activation in brain. Macrophages secrete neurotoxic factors that elicit neuronal injury and inevitably death leading to the constellation of cognitive and motor impairments common during progressive disease. Neurotoxic factor production requires virus entry and replication, the evolution/selection of neurovirulent HIV-1 strains and the production of viral and cellular immune factors injurious to human neurons. Interestingly, neurological deficits, the HIV-1 associated neuropathology and viral replication disease are not always associated. This has led to the notion that viral replication induces the autocrine/paracrine production of cellular/viral factors leading to a metabolic encephalopathy. Anti-retroviral and anti-inflammatory therapies should prove increasingly beneficial for treatment and, ultimately, reversal of HIV-1 associated dementia complex in the affected human host.
Surface reconstruction via Helmholtz reciprocity with a single image pair (2003)

This paper proposes a method for three-dimensional reconstruction of surfaces that takes advantage of the symmetry resulting from alternating the positions of a camera and a light source. This set up allows for use of the Helmholtz reciprocity principle to recover the shape of smooth surfaces with arbitrary bidirectional reflectance distribution functions without requiring the presence of texture, as well as for exploiting mutual occlusions between images. Different from previous methods, the technique works with as few as one reciprocal pair, and recovers surface depth and orientation simultaneously by finding the global minimum of an error function via dynamic programming. Since the error is a function not just of depth but of surface orientation as well, the reconstruction is subject to tighter geometric constraints. Given a current estimate of surface geometry and intensity measurements in one image, Helmholtz reciprocity is used to predict the pixel intensity values of the second image. The dynamic program finds the reconstruction that minimizes the total difference between the predicted and measured intensity values. This approach allows for the reconstruction of surfaces displaying specularities and regions of high curvature, which is a challenge commonly encountered in the optical inspection of industrial parts. Results with real data show the quality of the reconstruction obtained with the proposed algorithm.
AVATAREX (2018)

The telexistence technology can provide many kinds of benefits for the society. These include new ways of remote work, empowerment of handicapped and elderly people, and creation of new immersive and environmentally-friendly forms of tourism, travel, shopping, sports and leisure time activities. In this paper, we introduce AVATAREX, a telexistence system based on virtual avatars. AVATAREX provides means for connecting users that are simultaneously occupying the same space in the real world and its virtual replica. Using an indoor prototype implementation of AVATAREX and a simple collaborative game, we investigated how users experience co-presence in a telexistence system based on virtual avatars and measured the performance of AVATAREX on high-end smart glasses. Based on our findings, users wearing virtual reality gear reported a stronger sense of co-presence compared to users wearing augmented reality gear. Unexpectedly, users wearing smart glasses reported a lower sense of co-presence than users using a tablet for augmented reality experience.
Positive blood culture detection in time series data using a BiLSTM\n network (2016)

The presence of bacteria or fungi in the bloodstream of patients is abnormal\nand can lead to life-threatening conditions. A computational model based on a\nbidirectional long short-term memory artificial neural network, is explored to\nassist doctors in the intensive care unit to predict whether examination of\nblood cultures of patients will return positive. As input it uses nine\nmonitored clinical parameters, presented as time series data, collected from\n2177 ICU admissions at the Ghent University Hospital. Our main goal is to\ndetermine if general machine learning methods and more specific, temporal\nmodels, can be used to create an early detection system. This preliminary\nresearch obtains an area of 71.95% under the precision recall curve, proving\nthe potential of temporal neural networks in this context.\n
β-Cyclodextrin Columns for Separation of Fluorous and Non-Fluorous Compounds: How To Use β-Cyclodextrin Columns in Fluorous Mixture Synthesis and Racemic Synthesis (2004)

Guidelines for the use of β-cyclodextrin columns in fluo­rous and non-fluorous mixture synthesis, and racemic synthesis are suggested. Fluorous compounds can be separated more efficiently with SUMICHIRAL OA-7000 and -7100, while non-fluorous compounds can be separated better with SUMICHIRAL OA-7500. When the ratio of water in the mobile phase is large (>20%), the guard column (GL cart) can improve the separability of the fluorinated mixture.
Feature Editor at OMEx: editorial (2020)

Editor-in-Chief Alexandra Boltasseva announces the appointment of Stavroula Foteinopoulou as Feature Editor for Optical Materials Express .