gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid thermal annealing of high T c superconducting thin films formed by metalorganic deposition (1988)

Thin-film superconductors of Y-Ba-Cu and Yb-Ba-Cu have been formed by the nonvacuum method of metalorganic deposition (MOD). The films produced in this manner were homogeneous and free of voids and cracks over large dimensions. A two-step rapid thermal annealing of the MOD films, in oxygen, at 850 °C for 60 s followed by a second annealing at 920 °C for 30 s enhanced grain growth in the films and reduced the effects of substrate interaction. Preferred epitaxial grain growth, in the high Tc films, with the c axis both perpendicular and parallel to the substrate surface, occurred on 〈100〉 SrTiO3. Both the Y-Ba-Cu and Yb-Ba-Cu films showed superconducting onset temperatures above 90 K and zero resistance at 86 K.
Low-Resolution Digital Pre-Compensation Enabled by Digital Resolution Enhancer (2018)

Digital pre-compensation (DPC) is an indispensable block of state-of-the-art optical transceivers, and a key enabler for high-order modulation formats (HOMFs) transmission. A crucial component, which enables the transmission of the precompensated HOMFs, is the digital-to-analog-converter (DAC). However, as data and symbol rates grow, the implementation of such devices becomes highly challenging in terms of performance, power consumption, and costs. In this paper, a digital-resolution-enhancer (DRE) algorithm is discussed, conjoined with high-end DPC methods. Simulation results demonstrate that the DRE reduces the effect of DAC quantization noise power by more than 8 dB for the considered cases of 400G with 64QAM. The proposed scheme is experimentally verified by transmitting a 4-bit DP-64QAM 400 Gbit/s signal in a WDM scenario over 95 km of single mode fiber.
Targeting Deacetylases as a Novel Strategy for Prevention of Acute GVHD (2013)

Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) are an important class of anti-cancer agent and have been shown by us and others to attenuate experimental GVHD in multiple murine models. We and others have shown that HDACi reduce proinflammatory cytokines, modulate APC functions through induction of IDO in a STAT-3-dependent manner, and increase Treg numbers (PNAS 2004; JCI 2008; Nat Med 2007). We have now translated our experimental observations from murine models into a first-in-human clinical trial to test the hypothesis that HDAC inhibition is safe and reduces GVHD severity in patients undergoing matched related donor (MRD) reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) HSCT.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurological and Ischemic Disorders Employing Carbon Nanotube Technology (2016)

Extensive research on carbon nanotubes has been conducted due to their excellent physicochemical properties. Based on their outstanding physicochemical properties, carbon nanotubes have the potential to be employed as theranostic tools for neurological pathologies such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease including ischemic stroke diagnosis and treatment. Stroke is currently regarded as the third root cause of death and the leading source of immobility around the globe. The development and improvement of efficient and effective procedures for central nervous system disease diagnosis and treatment is necessitated. The main aim of this review is to discuss the application of nanotechnology, specifically carbon nanotubes, to the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders with an emphasis on ischemic stroke. Areas covered include the conventional current diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders, as well as a critical review of the application of carbon nanotubes in the diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke, covering areas such as functionalization of carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube-based biosensors. A broad perspective on carbon nanotube stimuli-responsiveness, carbon nanotube toxicity, and commercially available carbon nanotubes is provided. Potential future studies employing carbon nanotubes have been discussed, evaluating their extent of advancement in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological and ischemic disorders.
Piagetian Roboethics via Category Theory (2011)

This paper introduces an approach to, rather than the final results of, sustained research and development in the area of roboethics described herein. Encapsulated, the approach is to engineer ethically correct robots by giving them the capacity to reason over, rather than merely in, logical systems (where logical systems are used to formalize such things as ethical codes of conduct for warfighting robots). This is to be accomplished by taking seriously Piaget's position that sophisticated human thinking exceeds even abstract processes carried out in a logical system, and by exploiting category theory to render in rigorous form, suitable for mechanization, structure-preserving mappings that Bringsjord, an avowed Piagetian, sees to be central in rigorous and rational human ethical decision making.
Two-phase flow and heat transfer in pin-fin enhanced micro-gaps (2012)

Thermal management of integrated circuits (IC) has emerged as one of the key challenges for continued performance enhancement of modern microprocessors. Cooling schemes utilizing two-phase, microfluidic technologies are some of the more promising modular thermal management solutions for next generation devices. In this study, the flow and heat transfer in pin-fin enhanced micro-gaps are experimentally investigated. It has been known that pin-fin structures inside micro-gaps can increase convective heat transfer coefficients in single phase flow conditions. However, two-phase microfluidic cooling is becoming an increasingly popular method in thermal control of electronics, and this cooling strategy has not been well characterized for pin-fin enhanced micro-gaps. Pin-fin, micro-gap structures studied had a pin diameter, height and pitch of 150μm, 200μm and 225μm, respectively, providing an aspect ratio of 1.33. Both the overall micro-gap width and length are 1cm. The working fluid used was R245fa. The structure contained a transparent cover which allowed for visualization of flow through the micro-gap. A high speed camera allowed for image capture and characterization of various two-phase flow regimes. The thermal performances of the heat sink were experimentally evaluated using pressure drop and temperature measurements.
Thieno[3,2-b]benzofuran - Synthesis and Reactions (1997)

Thieno[3,2- b ]benzofuran was synthesized starting from benzo[ b ]furan-3(2 H )-one or benzo[ b ]furan-2-carbaldehyde. Electrophilic substitution reactions such as bromination, formylation, acetylation or nitration, take place in position 2. An electron donating group in position 2 directs further electrophilic substitution into positions 3 and 6, whereas compounds with an electron acceptor in position 2 are substituted exclusively in position 6. Metallation with butyllithium took place in position 2. The 1 H and 13 C NMR signals of the title compound were fully assigned.
Data from Characteristics of Immune Memory and Effector Activity to Cancer-Expressed MHC Class I Phosphopeptides Differ in Healthy Donors and Ovarian Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Elevated immunity to cancer-expressed antigens can be detected in people with no history of cancer and may contribute to cancer prevention. We have previously reported that MHC-restricted phosphopeptides are cancer-expressed antigens and targets of immune recognition. However, the extent to which this immunity reflects prior or ongoing phosphopeptide exposures was not investigated. In this study, we found that preexisting immune memory to cancer-expressed phosphopeptides was evident in most healthy donors, but the breadth among donors was highly variable. Although three phosphopeptides were recognized by most donors, suggesting exposures to common microbial/infectious agents, most of the 205 tested phosphopeptides were not recognized by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from any donor and the remainder were recognized by only 1 to 3 donors. In longitudinal analyses of 2 donors, effector immune response profiles suggested active reexposures to a subset of phosphopeptides. These findings suggest that the immunogens generating most phosphopeptide-specific immune memory are rare infectious agents or incipient cancer cells with distinct phosphoproteome dysregulations, and that repetitive immunogenic exposures occur in individual donors. Phosphopeptide-specific immunity in PBMCs and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from ovarian cancer patients was limited, regardless of whether the phosphopeptide was expressed on the tumor. However, 4 of 10 patients responded to 1 to 2 immunodominant phosphopeptides, and 1 showed an elevated effector response to a tumor-expressed phosphopeptide. As the tumors from these patients displayed many phosphopeptides, these data are consistent with lack of prior exposure or impaired ability to respond to some phosphopeptides and suggest that enhancing phosphopeptide-specific T-cell responses could be a useful approach to improve tumor immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Guest Editorial (2019)

The fourteen papers in this special section examine spectrum sharing. These papers represent a diverse set of applications, approaches, and technical disciplines, which is rather appropriate given the context. Specifically, the first grouping of four papers considers the impact of interference on incumbent systems, followed by a pair of papers that develop filtering strategies to address in-band interference. The next set of three papers subsequently examine methods to design one’s own signal structure with other spectrum users in mind. The last group of five papers then explore emission strategies whereby different functions can be realized simultaneously. The following introduces these papers in a bit more detail.
On satellite multicast to heterogeneous receivers (2002)

We propose a framework for single-source, satellite-based multicast dissemination of bulk files. The framework trades off between reception delay and bandwidth usage and coexists with terrestrial background network traffic; specifically TCP traffic utilizing a short term congestion control mechanism. The framework consists of two major components: (1) a multicast rate scheduling mechanism that uses long-term, end-to-end multicast packet survival statistics in order to deal with the bandwidth-delay trade-off issue, and (2) a fair queueing algorithm that regulates the points where multicast traffic from the satellite meets terrestrial background traffic. We show through simulation the performance of this framework under a number of scenarios.
ChemInform Abstract: Versatile Enantioselective Synthesis of Functionalized Lactones via Copper‐Catalyzed Radical Oxyfunctionalization of Alkenes. (2015)

Abstract A new method for the rapid synthesis of diverse enantiomerically enriched lactones is developed based on Cu‐catalyzed enantioselective radical oxyfunctionalization of alkenes.
Data from VEGF/VEGFR-2 Upregulates EZH2 Expression in Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells and EZH2 Depletion Enhances the Response to Platinum-Based and VEGFR-2–Targeted Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To investigate the mechanisms of regulation and role associated with enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) expression in lung cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We investigated the mechanisms of EZH2 expression associated with the VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway. Furthermore, we sought to determine the role of EZH2 in response of lung adenocarcinoma to platinum-based chemotherapy, as well as the effect of EZH2 depletion on VEGFR-2–targeted therapy in lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. In addition, we characterized &lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; expression in lung adenocarcinoma specimens and correlated it with patients' clinical characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In this study, we demonstrate that VEGF/VEGFR-2 activation induces expression of EZH2 through the upregulation of E2F3 and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF1α), and downregulated expression of &lt;i&gt;miR-101&lt;/i&gt;. EZH2 depletion by treatment with 3-deazaneplanocin A and knockdown by siRNA decreased the expression of EZH2 and H3K27me3, increased PARP-C level, reduced cell proliferation and migration, and increased sensitivity of the cells to treatment with cisplatin and carboplatin. In addition, high &lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; expression was associated with poor overall survival in patients who received platinum-based adjuvant therapy, but not in patients who did not receive this therapy. Furthermore, we demonstrated for the first time that the inhibition of EZH2 greatly increased the sensitivity of lung adenocarcinoma cells to the anti–VEGFR-2 drug AZD2171.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Our results suggest that the VEGF/VEGFR-2 pathway plays a role in regulation of EZH2 expression via E2F3, HIF1α, and &lt;i&gt;miR-101&lt;/i&gt;. EZH2 depletion decreases the malignant potential of lung adenocarcinoma and sensitivity of the cells to both platinum-based and VEGFR-2–targeted therapy. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(14); 3849–61. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Transforming Growth Factor-β 1 Modulates Oxidatively Modified LDL–Induced Expression of Adhesion Molecules (2001)

Oxidatively modified LDL (ox-LDL) activates a lectin-like receptor, LOX-1, which results in the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial surface. We investigated the regulation of the expression of transforming growth factor-beta(1) (TGF-beta(1)) and its receptors by ox-LDL and the functional significance of this interaction with regard to adhesion molecule expression in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Ox-LDL, in a time- and concentration-dependent manner, upregulated the expression of all 3 subtypes (1, 2, and 3 [including endoglin]) of TGF-beta(1) receptors and decreased active TGF-beta(1) synthesis (all P<0.05 versus control and native-LDL-treated cells). Treatment of HCAECs with a monoclonal antibody to LOX-1 attenuated ox-LDL-mediated upregulation of TGF-beta(1) receptors and decrease in TGF-beta(1) synthesis (P<0.05 versus ox-LDL alone). Ox-LDL also enhanced the expression of P-selectin and ICAM-1 as well as monocyte adhesion to HCAECs (P<0.05 versus control untreated cells). Pretreatment with recombinant TGF-beta(1) attenuated the enhanced expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion to HCAECs (P<0.05 versus ox-LDL alone). Effects of recombinant TGF-beta(1) were blocked by antibody to TGF-beta(1) receptor type 2, but not by antibody to endoglin. Thus ox-LDL, via activation of LOX-1, increases the expression of TGF-beta(1) receptors and decreases TGF-beta(1) synthesis in HCAECs. Recombinant TGF-beta(1), by binding to TGF-beta(1) type 2 receptors, modulates ox-LDL-mediated expression of adhesion molecules and monocyte adhesion to HCAECs.
Differential near-field scanning optical microscopy (2007)

A new aperture-type near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) technique, termed differential NSOM (DNSOM) is illustrated. DNSOM utilizes sharp corners of an aperture to beat diffraction-limit, and unlike conventional NSOM, the size of the aperture does not determine the resolution. © 2007 Optical Society of America.
Argon Ion Laser Induced Tissue Fluorescence: Clinical Spectroscopic Studies (1988)

In conjunction with our project in laser angiosurgery, our group has demonstrated that laser-induced auto-fluorescence can be a reliable means of distinguishing normal artery from atherosclerotic plaque. Recently a number of groups have become interested in this technique as a means of directing ablation of arterial obstructions in vivo. However, until now, diagnostic spectroscopy has been conducted almost solely on excised cadaveric tissues. As a result, questions still remain about 1) the validity of correlating cadaveric tissue fluorescence spectra with those collected in vivo, and 2) the ability to collect reliable florescence spectra from a subject as dynamic as a living patient.
Probing Interfacial Electron Transfer in Coumarin 343 Sensitized TiO2 Nanoparticles with Femtosecond Stimulated Raman (2009)

Femtosecond Stimulated Raman Spectroscopy (FSRS) is used as a structural probe of the interfacial electron transfer between Coumarin 343, a solar cell sensitizer, and TiO(2) nanoparticles. Resonance Raman spectra of the charge-transfer complex reveals multiple vibrational motions, consisting primarily of carbon backbone and Ti-O binding modes, that direct the molecule out of the Franck-Condon region on the excited state potential energy surface. The vibrational spectrum and decay dynamics of the radical cation are also reported. These spectra indicate that the hole is localized on the conjugated carbon rings and that the donation mechanism involves multiple vibrational motions. We conclude with a discussion of prospects for improving the solar cell sensitization properties of Coumarin 343 through structural modification.
Collecting a heap of shapes (2013)

The program heap is fundamentally a simple mathematical concept --- a set of objects and a connectivity relation on them. However, a large gap exists between the set of heap structures that could be constructed and those that programmers actually build. To understand this gap, we empirically study heap structures and sharing relations in large object-oriented programs. To scale and make sense of real world heaps, any analysis must employ abstraction; our abstraction groups sets of objects by role and the aliasing present in pointer sets. We find that the heaps of real-world programs are, in practice, fundamentally simple structures that are largely constructed from a small number of simple structures and sharing idioms, such as the sharing of immutable or unique (e.g., singleton) objects. For instance, we find that, under our abstraction, 53--75% of pointers build tree structures and we classify all but 7--18% of aliasing pointers. These results provide actionable information for rethinking the design of annotation systems, memory allocation/collection, and program analyses.
Evaluation of lead(Pb)-free ceramic ball grid array (CBGA): Wettability, microstructure and reliability (2002)

Flip-chip carriers have become the preferred solution for high-performance ASIC and microprocessor devices. Typically these are packaged in organic or ceramic Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages. IBM has developed both Ceramic Ball Grid Array (CBGA) and Ceramic Column Grid Array (CCGA) packages which cover a wide range of package I/O capabilities required for high-performance devices, typically between 300 to more than 1600 I/O. Recently, there has been a lot of interest in Pb-free solders to replace typical Pb-based solders such as eutectic Sn-Pb used for balls in plastic BGAs (PBGA) for their assembly. The common feature of all proposed Pb-free solder alloys to date is that they are all Sn-based solders with the wt.% of Sn in the alloy typically greater than 90%. Antimony-based lead-free solders have been considered, but recently there has been a concern over the use of antimony (Sb) as well. The leading antimony-free (Sb-free) solder that has emerged from various Pb-free solder evaluations by industry and academic consortia at present is: 95.5Sn/3.8Ag/0.7Cu (SAC). The primary issues with changing from high-Pb based solders that are used in BGA assembly to electronic cards are: (1) wettability of the Pb-free solders to both Ni/Au I/O pads typically used in ceramic BGAs and card lands (Cu or Cu tinned with solder paste) with water soluble or no-clean fluxes; (2) the rate of intermetallic growth and its structure, with much higher Sn containing Pb-free solders; and (3) thermal fatigue reliability of the CBGA joints to organic cards. In this paper, initial assessment of a few leading Pb-free solders regarding wettability, microstructure and thermal fatigue life for CBGA applications is presented.
An Example Hierarchy of Formats for HDTV (1992)

Various HDTV scanning parameter sets have been proposed. When these parameters are analyzed in the context of forming the basis of a suitable hierarchy of scalable resolutions and temporal rates, some significant patterns emerge. Certain fundamental issues in constructing a convenient hierarchy include progressive scanning, square pixels (or simple squeezes), and a simple fractional relationship between members of the hierarchy, both temporally and in resolution.
Surfactant-free synthesis of GeO2 nanocrystals with controlled morphologies (2014)

Germanium dioxide has many applications in the optoelectronics sector and is the subject of substantial research interest. In this contribution we report the preparation of germanium dioxide nanoparticles (NPs) of varied sizes and morphologies using a facile sol-gel methodology that requires no addition of templating agents (e.g., surfactants). Morphological control is achieved by tailoring the reaction mixture water/ethanol ratio, ammonium hydroxide concentration, time, and temperature.
Tactile sensor with standing piezoresistive cantilevers, covered with 2-layer skin type structures for texture detection of object surface (2008)

In this report, we proposed and fabricated a prototype tactile sensor with skin type structure to detect the object surface by scanning. The prototype sensor was composed of two different stiffness layers of elastomers as epidermis-dermis. Epidermal ridge and papillary ridge like structures are formed on a top layer of proposed structure. To measure its deformation, standing piezoresistive cantilevers are placed beside the papillary ridge. Since the papillary ridge deforms with the standing cantilever, it will causes unique deformation to the sensor. In this study, we confirmed the efficiency of the proposed tactile sensor with the scanning test of the object surface with grating. In the scanning test, contact angle of the sensor was related to its response. We verified the relationship between the contact angle and the sensor response and showed sensorpsilas efficiency for texture detection.
Segmentation of Food Images by Local Extrema and GrabCut (2012)

We developed a method to automatically segment meal images into food and non-food regions. In the proposed method, local luminance extrema are detected and GrabCut is applied to their convex hull. The recognition rates were 90.38% for food regions and 68.12% for non-food regions.
Likelihood Ratio Methods for Monitoring Parameters of a Nested Random Effect Model (1995)

Abstract In many practical situations the variance of a set of measurements can be attributed to several known sources of variability. For example, if several measurements of each item of a lot are taken, then one may need to deal not only with the within-item variability, but also with item-to-item within-lot and lot-to-lot components of variability. In such cases conventional control charts tend to produce an unacceptably high rate of false alarms and in general represent a rather weak diagnostic tool. This article shows how to build a control system based on likelihood ratio tests capable of monitoring the mean and variance components of a nested random effect model. The strong points and weaknesses of this approach are compared to those of competing methods, and some examples related to manufacturing of integrated circuits are discussed.
Saving Our Bacon without Hamstringing the Industry: Sensitivity of Economic Losses to Post-outbreak Management of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Vaccinated Animals in a Simulated US Outbreak (2018)

Agricultural and Food Policy, Demand and Price Analysis, International Relations/Trade