gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical coherence tomography of the rat cavernous nerves (2007)

Improvements in identification, imaging, and visualization of the cavernous nerves during radical prostatectomy, which are responsible for erectile function, may improve nerve preservation and postoperative potency. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of real-time, high-resolution, cross-sectional, in vivo tissue imaging. The rat prostate serves as an excellent model for studying the use of OCT for imaging the cavernous nerves, as the rat cavernous nerve is a large, visible, and distinct bundle allowing for easy identification with OCT in addition to histologic confirmation. Imaging was performed with the Niris OCT system and a handheld 8 Fr probe, capable of acquiring real-time images with 11-&mgr;m axial and 25-&mgr;m lateral resolution in tissue. Open surgical exposure of the prostate was performed on a total of 6 male rats, and OCT images of the prostate, cavernous nerve, pelvic plexus ganglion, seminal vesicle, blood vessels, and periprostatic fat were acquired. Cavernous nerve electrical stimulation with simultaneous intracorporeal pressure measurements was performed to confirm proper identification of the cavernous nerves. The prostate and cavernous nerves were also processed for histologic analysis and further confirmation. Cross-sectional and longitudinal OCT images of the cavernous nerves were acquired and compared with histologic sections. The cavernous nerve and ganglion could be differentiated from the surrounding prostate gland, seminal vesicle, blood vessels, bladder, and fatty tissue. We report preliminary results of OCT images of the rat cavernous nerves with histologic correlation and erectile stimulation measurements, thus providing interpretation of prostate structures as they appear in OCT images.
Atomic force microscope imaging of DNA and DNA repair proteins:Applications in radiobiological research (1997)

By using the atomic force microscope (AFM), three-dimensional structures of biological specimens may be imaged at nanometer resolution. Furthermore, samples can be imaged in air or in fluid environments. The tapping mode of AFM operation for imaging has offered a significant advance in visualizing soft biological structures, such as DNA, proteins, and membranes. Here, we review the principles underlying the application of this instrument to radiation biological investigations. We focus on examples of proteins involved in the processes of repair of damaged DNA, including poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, Ku protein, and DNA protein kinase. Novel observations on the character of DNA damage and repair have been addressed by direct visualization of DNA and protein-DNA interactions, such as the observation that the Ku protein is capable of physically joining DNA fragments in vitro. The AFM offers a powerful tool for investigating biologically important molecular interactions that are relevant to DNA damage and repair processes.
Free Radical Shadow Cure Initiated Using Two-Component and Three-Component Initiator Systems (2012)

In photopolymerization systems, “shadow cure” may be defined as polymerization which extends into regions which are not illuminated by the incident initiating light source. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of fluorescent additives for polymerization in masked regions that are unilluminated by the incident initiating light. Two different fluorescent dyes are investigated: fluorescein (FL) and eosin Y spirit soluble (EYss). A systematic series of studies was performed to characterize the effects of fluorescence intensity, the incident light intensity, and the presence of a diphenyl iodonium salt on the observed degree of shadow cure. It was concluded that shadow cure may be enhanced if one or more fluorescent compounds emit fluorescent light at wavelengths absorbed by the dye in a two- or three-component photoinitiator system. The addition of DPI to the two-component systems containing MDEA and FL or EYss led to a significant enhancement in the observed shadow cure. This result was attributed to the fact that DPI will increase both the number of active centers and the mobility of the active centers as a result of the electron transfer reactions in which it participates.
Novel Radio Channel Models for Evaluation of DVB-H Broadcast Systems (2006)

A new area of digital television broadcasting has emerged in the from of hand held reception. This has created a need for new standard channel models, which describe more accurately the conditions in portable reception. Hence, the Finnish partners of the multinational CELTIC Wing-TV project performed a comprehensive measurement campaign during autumn 2005. The analysis of the measurement results show that in most scenarios a strong specular or line-of-sight component is present and clearly dominating. This is noted from the very large values of Rician K-factor. The SFN characteristics of the DVB-H reception is clearly visible while considering the RMS delay spreads, total excess delays and variations of the number of taps. Based on the analysis of the measured data this contribution presents novel tapped delay line (TDL) channel models suitable for DVB-H testing
State estimation of walking phase and functional electrical stimulation by wearable device (2009)

Functional electrical stimulation (FES) is useful to improve the gait of patients with peroneal nerve palsy or spastic hemiparesis after stroke. So as to apply FES to such patients, we have to have estimators for detecting the timing of phase switching in walking motion. We designed a wearable device for state estimating of walking and functional electrical stimulation. We consider the implementation of artificial neural network (ANN) into the device, and propose a method for supervised learning of the ANN. Two experiments have been conducted to show the effectiveness of the wearable device. The accuracy of estimating the timing for FES is good enough for the practical application.
Editorial Comment (1984)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Dec 1984Editorial Comment Ralph V. Clayman Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)50043-9AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 132(6), p. 1088 © 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 132Issue 6December 1984Page: 1088 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1984 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Timoshenko's Shear Coefficient for Transverse Vibrations of Trigonal Crystals of Rectangular Cross Section (1996)

In this paper, we derive the shear coefficient K for trigonal crystals of rectangular cross section in Timoshenko's beam theory of three dimensional (3-D) elasticity. The theoretical result gives K as a function of the transformed elastic stiffness constants c22, c44, c66. For an isotropic material it agrees completely with that derived by G. R. Cowper. In addition, values of K versus cut angle for quartz crystal, lithium tantalate, and lithium niobate which belong to the trigonal system are calculated, so that K has a value of 0.796-0.867 for quartz crystal, 0.834- 0.857 for lithium tantalate, and 0.831-0.863 for lithium niobate, when Z-plates of the crystals are rotated with a cut angle θof 0-180°about the x-axis. The values of K are then compared with those for isotropic materials obtained by other authors.
Ultrasound-Assisted Insulin Delivery and Noninvasive Glucose Sensing (2002)

Peptides and proteins are emerging as an increasingly important class of drugs as they become more readily available through improvement in recombinant DNA technology and chemical synthesis techniques. The application of peptides and proteins as clinically useful drugs is, however, seriously hampered owing to the substantial delivery problems requiring frequent injections. Considerable effort has been directed therefore to developing painless and convenient methods for delivery of peptides and proteins. In diabetes, in addition to the need of insulin injections there is a need to develop painless and convenient methods to measure blood glucose. This review describes approaches based on the application of ultrasound for noninvasive and painless transdermal glucose sensing and delivery of insulin.
Advancing drug discovery for schizophrenia (2020)

Sponsored by the New York Academy of Sciences and with support from the National Institute of Mental Health, the Life Technologies Foundation, and the Josiah Macy Jr. Foundation, "Advancing Drug Discovery for Schizophrenia" was held March 9-11 at the New York Academy of Sciences in New York City. The meeting, comprising individual talks and panel discussions, highlighted basic, clinical, and translational research approaches, all of which contribute to the overarching goal of enhancing the pharmaceutical armamentarium for treating schizophrenia. This report surveys work by the vanguard of schizophrenia research in such topics as genetic and epigenetic approaches; small molecule therapeutics; and the relationships between target genes, neuronal function, and symptoms of schizophrenia.
Carbon Fuel Particles Used in Direct Carbon Conversion Fuel Cells (2023)

A system for preparing particulate carbon fuel and using the particulate carbon fuel in a fuel cell. Carbon particles are finely divided. The finely dividing carbon particles are introduced into the fuel cell. A gas containing oxygen is introduced into the fuel cell. The finely divided carbon particles are exposed to carbonate salts, or to molten NaOH or KOH or LiOH or mixtures of NaOH or KOH or LiOH, or to mixed hydroxides, or to alkali and alkaline earth nitrates.
Stiffness modeling across transition temperatures in virtual environments by B-spline interpolation (2010)

The development of haptic technology has been a significant trend worldwide. To simulate the virtual environments, several researchers have estimated the parameters of environment in order to interact with human operators. However, the material properties of real environments are greatly influenced by temperature. In this paper, the haptic data-based is designed and all of the properties of B-spline curves can be adopted to construct the virtual environments. The order of the curve for the B-spline blending function is set as the natural cubic B-spline. Thus, it is possible to generate a good realization of interaction force and simulate a soft and hard virtual environment according to the material properties. From the experimental results, the proposed mathematical model can be changed the material properties under various condition of temperature.
The relationship between lateral meniscus shape and joint contact parameters in the knee: a study using data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative (2014)

The correlations discovered suggest that variations in meniscal shape can be at least partially explained by the levels of loads transmitted across the knee on a regular basis. Additionally, as the size of the subject increases and body weight rises, the coverage percentage of the meniscus is reduced, suggesting that there would be an increase in the load-bearing by the cartilage. However, this reduced coverage percentage is compensated by the proportionally wider and longer meniscal horn.
Fine-grain performance scaling of soft vector processors (2009)

Embedded systems are often implemented on FPGA devices and 25% of the time include a soft processor--a processor built using the FPGA reprogrammable fabric. Because of their prevalence and flexibility, soft processors are compelling targets for customization--although current soft processors provide few architectural variations. Recent work has proposed augmenting soft processors with customizable vector processing support, enabling designers to easily scale performance by exploiting the data parallelism available in an application. However this approach provides only coarse-grain scaling, by successively doubling the number of vector datapaths for less than double the performance.
Cessation of smoking followed by Prinzmetal's variant angina and diffuse esophageal spasm. (1978)

The synthesis and ring-opening polymerization (ROP) capability of bis(phenolate)amine-supported samarium borohydride and amide complexes are reported, together with a DFT study. Reaction of Na2O2NL (L = OMe, NMe2, py, or Pr) with Sm(BH4)3(THF)3 gave the borohydride complexes Sm(O2NL)(BH4)(THF) (L = OMe (2), NMe2 (3), or py (4)) or Sm(O2NPr)(BH4)(THF)2 (5). Compounds 4 and 5 lost THF in vacuo, forming phenolate O-bridged dimers 1 and 6, respectively. Reaction of H2O2NL with Sm{N(SiHMe2)2}3(THF)2 formed monomeric Sm(O2NL){N(SiHMe2)2}(THF) (L = OMe (7), NMe2 (8), or py (9)) with tetradentate O2NL ligands, but dimeric Sm2(µ-O2NPr)2(O2NPr)(THF) (10) with tridentate O2NPr. Reaction of Sm{N(SiMe3)2}3 with H2O2NL (L = OMe or NMe2) led to zwitterionic products Sm(O2NL)(HO2NL). The bulkier amide compounds Sm(O2NL){N(SiMe3)2}(OEt2)n (n = 1, L = OMe (12) or py (13); n = 0, L = NMe2 (14)) were prepared by reaction of Sm(O2NL)(BH4)(THF) with KN(SiMe3)2. The X-ray structures of 2, 5, 6, 7, 10, 13, and 14 were determined. The borohydrides 2-5 were very efficient initiators for the ROP of e-CL, giving linear dihydroxytelechelic poly(e-CL). Selected amide initiators were also assessed but gave poorer control, as judged by broad PDI (Mw/Mn) values and significant amounts of cyclic poly(e-CL)s. Of the borohydrides, only 2-4 were active for the ROP of rac-LA, and activity increased in the order O2NL = O2NOMe ˜ O2Npy &amp;lt;O2NNMe2. The latter ligand also gave the best control of the ROP, as judged by the PDIs and Mn values. All gave heterotactically enriched poly(rac-LA) with Pr values in the range 0.82-0.84. The ROP of rac-LA with the amides 7, 9, and 12 was faster but much less well controlled. Overall, the borohydride initiators were superior for the ROP of both e-CL and rac-LA when compared to otherwise identical amide initiators. MALDI-ToF MS analysis of the poly(rac-LA) formed with 3 showed both -CH(Me)CHO and -CH(Me)CH2OH end groups originating from the insertion of the first LA monomer into the Sm-BH4 moiety of 3. In contrast, 2 and 4 formed only a,¿-dihydroxy-terminated polyesters with -CH(Me)CH2OH and -CH(Me)OH end groups. DFT calculations on Eu(O2'NNMe2)(BH4) found two mechanisms for the initial ring-opening step of LA by the borohydride group, giving pathways leading to either aldehyde- or alcohol-terminated poly(lactide)s. Of these two pathways, the one giving a,¿-dihydroxy-terminated polymers was the most favored, in agreement with experiment. (Ligand abbreviations: O2NL = RCH2N(CH2-2-O-3,5-C6H2tBu2)2 where R = CH2OMe, CH2NMe2, py, or Et for L = OMe, NMe2, py, or Pr, respectively; O2'NNMe2 = Me2NCH2CH2N(CH2-2-O-C6H4)2.)
Characterizing Cardiomyocytes Motion with Quantitative Phase Imaging (2017)

Characterizing cardiomyocytes’ activity is important for drug development, but traditional patch clamping analysis is destructive and slow. A label-free method for extracting timing and motion characteristics of cardiomyocytes using quantitative phase imaging is presented.
A high-power-density low-profile DC-DC converter for cellphone battery charging applications (2017)

This paper introduces a high-power-density low-profile dc-dc converter for cellphone battery charging applications. The converter delivers 40 W across a 4:1 input voltage range with a nominal input voltage of 12 V and a nominal output voltage of 4 V. The PCB area of the converter is limited to 80 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and the component height is limited to 1 mm. Three alternative topologies - a zero-voltage switching quasi-square-wave (ZVS-QSW) buck converter, a three-level buck converter, and a resonant switched capacitor converter are analyzed and compared in terms of efficiency and power density in this application. The magnetic components of the converters are designed and optimized as planar structures with custom-shaped ferrite cores. The ZVS-QSW buck converter is predicted to achieve the highest efficiency under the area and height constraints. A prototype 1-MHz ZVS-QSW buck converter with a PCB area of 79.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and component height of 1 mm, designed for an input voltage range of 5 V-20 V, an output voltage range of 3 V-4.2 V, and a maximum output current of 10 A is built and tested. The prototype converter achieves a peak efficiency of 96.7% and a power density of 3230 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
Characterization and modeling of unsaturated amplified spontaneous emission in erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (1991)

Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA) are now recognized as essential components for 1.5 μm optical fiber communications. An important characteristic of EDFAs is the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE), which provides useful information on its lasing characteristics. Some system applications require low-gain, distributed amplifiers for which characterization of unsaturated ASE noise features is useful.
Efficient polarimetric BRDF model (2015)

The purpose of the present manuscript is to present a polarimetric bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model suitable for hyperspectral and polarimetric signature modelling. The model is based on a further development of a previously published four-parameter model that has been generalized in order to account for different types of surface structures (generalized Gaussian distribution). A generalization of the Lambertian diffuse model is presented. The pBRDF-functions are normalized using numerical integration. Using directional-hemispherical reflectance (DHR) measurements, three of the four basic parameters can be determined for any wavelength. This simplifies considerably the development of multispectral polarimetric BRDF applications. The scattering parameter has to be determined from at least one BRDF measurement. The model deals with linear polarized radiation; and in similarity with e.g. the facet model depolarization is not included. The model is very general and can inherently model extreme surfaces such as mirrors and Lambertian surfaces. The complex mixture of sources is described by the sum of two basic models, a generalized Gaussian/Fresnel model and a generalized Lambertian model. Although the physics inspired model has some ad hoc features, the predictive power of the model is impressive over a wide range of angles and scattering magnitudes. The model has been applied successfully to painted surfaces, both dull and glossy and also on metallic bead blasted surfaces. The simple and efficient model should be attractive for polarimetric simulations and polarimetric remote sensing.
A mission architecture to reach and operate at the focal region of the solar gravitational lens (2022)

We present initial results of an ongoing engineering study on the feasibility of a space mission to the focal region of the solar gravitational lens (SGL). The mission goal is to conduct exoplanet imaging operations at heliocentric distances in the range ~548-900 astronomical units (AU). Starting at 548 AU from the Sun, light from an exoplanet located behind the Sun is greatly amplified by the SGL. The objective is to capture this light and use it for multipixel imaging of an exoplanet up to 100 light years distant. Using a meter-class telescope one can produce images of the exoplanet with a surface resolution measured in tens of kilometers and to identify signs of habitability. The data are acquired pixel-by-pixel while moving an imaging spacecraft within the image. Given the long duration of the mission, decades to 900 AU, we address an architecture for the fastest possible transit time while reducing mission risk and overall cost. The mission architecture implements solar sailing technologies and in-space aggregation of modularized functional units to form mission capable spacecraft. The study reveals elements of such a challenging mission, but it is nevertheless found to be feasible with technologies that are either extant or in active development.
Aged interleukin-10tm1Cgn chronically inflamed mice have substantially reduced fat mass, metabolic rate, and adipokines (2017)

Interleukin 10tm1Cgn (IL 10tm) mice have been utilized as a model of chronic inflammation and declining health span because of their propensity to develop chronic activation in NFkB pathways, skeletal muscle and cardiac changes, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We hypothesized that older IL 10tm frail mice would have alterations similar to frail, older humans in measured parameters of glucose metabolism, oxygen consumption (VO2), respiratory quotient (RQ), spontaneous locomotor activity, body composition and plasma adipokine levels. To test this hypothesis, we investigated these metabolic parameters in cohorts of 3, 10, and 20 month old IL 10tm female mice and age and gender matched C57Bl/6 mice. Insulin sensitivity, glucose homeostasis, locomotor activity and RQ were not significantly altered between the two strains of mice. Interestingly, old IL 10tm mice had significantly decreased VO2 when normalized by lean mass, but not when normalized by fat mass or the lean/fat mass ratio. NMR based body composition analysis and dissection weights show that fat mass is decreased with age in IL 10tm mice compared to controls. Further, plasma adiponectin and leptin were also decreased in IL 10tm.These findings suggest that frailty observed in this mouse model of chronic inflammation may in part be driven by alterations in fat mass, hormone secretion and energy metabolism.
Minimum cost content distribution using network coding: Replication vs. coding at the source nodes (2010)

Consider a large file that needs to be multicast over a network to a given set of terminals. Storing the file at a single server may result in server overload. Accordingly, there are distributed storage solutions that operate by dividing the file into pieces and placing copies of the pieces (replication) or coded versions of the pieces (coding) at multiple source nodes. Suppose that the cost of a given network coding based solution to this problem is defined as the sum of the storage cost and the cost of the flows required to support the multicast. In this work, we consider a network with a set of source nodes that can either contain subsets or coded versions of the pieces of the file and are interested in finding the storage capacities and flows at minimum cost. We provide succinct formulations of the corresponding optimization problems by using information measures. In particular, we show that when there are two source nodes, there is no loss in considering subset sources. For three source nodes, we derive a tight upper bound on the cost gap between the two cases. Algorithms for determining the content of the source nodes are also provided.
Photoassociation spectroscopy ofSr88: Reconstruction of the wave function near the last node (2006)

We have investigated photoassociation (PA) spectra of ultracold $^{88}\mathrm{Sr}$ atoms near the $5{s}^{2}\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}S_{0}+5s5p\phantom{\rule{0.2em}{0ex}}^{1}P_{1}$ atomic asymptote. The intensity modulation of the PA lines was used to reconstruct the ground-state scattering wave function, whose last nodal point was determined to be ${r}_{0}=3.78(18)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$. The PA lines also determined a precise lifetime of the $^{1}P_{1}$ state to be $5.263(4)\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{ns}$.