gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and control for PEM fuel cell stack system (2002)

A nonlinear fuel cell system dynamic model that is suitable for control study is presented. The transient phenomena captured in the model include the flow characteristics and inertia dynamics of the compressor, the manifold filling dynamics, and consequently, the reactant partial pressures. Characterization of the fuel cell polarization curves based on time varying current, partial oxygen and hydrogen pressures, temperature, membrane hydration allows analysis and simulation of the transient fuel cell power generation. An observer based feedback and feedforward controller that manages the tradeoff between reduction of parasitic losses and fast fuel cell net power response during rapid current (load) demands is designed.
Enhanced light extraction from a GaN-based green light-emitting diode with hemicylindrical linear grating structure (2012)

Significant enhancement in the light output from GaN-based green light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was achieved with a hemicylindrical grating structure on the top layer of the diodes. The grating structure was first optimized by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method, which showed that the profile of the grating structure was critical for light extraction efficiency. It was found that the transmission efficiency of the 530 nm light emitted from the inside of the GaN LED increased for incidence angles between 23.58° and 60°. Such a structure was fabricated by electron-beam lithography and an etching method. The light output power from the LED was increased approximately 4.7 times compared with that from a conventional LED. The structure optimization is the key to the great increase in transmission efficiency. Furthermore, the light emitted from the edge of the LED units could be collected and extracted by the grating structures in adjacent LED units, thus enhancing the performance of the whole LED chip.
A Case of Severe Chicken Meat Allergy Diagnosed by Oral Food Challenge (2011)

Anaphylaxis is a severe systemic allergic reaction that can be fatal in some patients. Identifying the cause of anaphylaxis is very important, because this disease is preventable. Food is one of the most frequent causes of anaphylaxis. Allergy to chicken meat is uncommon, and only a few cases have been reported on anaphylaxis to chicken meat. We herein report on a 7 year-old girl who had anaphylaxis to chicken meat, which was diagnosed with an oral food challenge. [
Effect of Siloxane Ring Strain and Cation Charge Density on the Formation of Coordinately Unsaturated Metal Sites on Silica: Insights from Density Functional Theory (DFT) Studies (2015)

Amorphous silica (SiO2) is commonly used as a support in heterogeneous catalysis. However, because of the structural disorder and temperature-induced change of surface morphology, the structures of silica-supported metal catalysts are difficult to determine. Most studies are primarily focused on understanding the interactions of different types of surface hydroxyl groups with metal ions. In comparison, the effect of siloxane ring size on the structure of silica-supported metal catalysts and how it affects catalytic activity is poorly understood. Here, we have used density functional theory (DFT) calculations to understand the effect of siloxane ring strain on structure and activity of different monomeric Lewis acid metal sites on silica. In particular, we have found that large siloxane rings favor strong dative bonding interaction between metal ion and surface hydroxyls, leading to the formation of high-coordinate metal sites. In comparison, metal–silanol interaction is weak in small siloxane rings, resulting in low-coordinate metal sites. The physical origin of this size dependence is associated with siloxane ring strain, and a correlation between the metal–silanol interaction energy and the ring strain energy has been observed. In addition to ring strain, the strength of the metal–silanol interaction also depends on the positive charge density of the cations. In fact, a correlation also exists between metal–silanol interaction energy and charge density of several first-row transition and post-transition metals. The theoretical results are compared with the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) data of monomeric Zn(II) and Ga(III) ions grafted on silica. The molecular level insights of how metal ion coordination on silica depends on siloxane ring strain and cation charge density will be useful in the synthesis of new catalysts.
<title>Automatic generation of GRBF networks using the integral wavelet transform</title> (1995)

Learning can often be viewed as the problem of mapping from an input space to an output space. Examples of these mappings are used to construct a continuous function that approximates given data and generalizes for intermediate instances. Generalized Radial Basis Function (GRBF) networks are used to formulate this approximating function. A novel method is introduced that uses the Integrated Wavelet Transform to construct an optimal GRBF network for a given mapping and error bound. Simple 1D examples are used to demonstrate how the optimal network is superior to one constructed using standard ad hoc optimization techniques. The paper concludes with an application of optimal GRBF networks to a multidimensional problem (15 - 20 dimensions), real-time object recognition and pose estimation. The results of this application are favorable and the optimal GRBF network outperforms a GRBF network constructed using a traditional method.
Molecular epidemiology of invasive stomatitis due to Aspergillus flavus in patients with acute leukemia (2003)

As the three patients with invasive oral aspergillosis detected in 1992 were infected by a single strain of A. flavus, the strain was suspected to have caused a nosocomial outbreak of invasive oral aspergillosis in the hematology unit.
Proceedings - 12th Eurographics Workshop on 3D Object Retrieval, 3DOR 2019 (2019)

International audience
Advanced control strategies toward achieving nearly-zero energy consumption in buildings (2012)

In this paper the main concept and results of the PEBBLE Project are presented: PEBBLE is an ongoing FP7&#13;\nProject aiming at the development of advanced ICT tools to support the operation of nearly-zero- and positive energy buildings. In the design and operation of such buildings a pragmatic target is maximization of the actual net energy produced (NEP) by intelligently shaping demand to perform generation-consumption matching. With&#13;\nthe belief that maximization of the NEP for Positive-Energy Buildings is attained thru Better ControL decisions (PEBBLE), a control and optimization ICT methodology that combines model-based predictive control and cognitive-based adaptive optimization is presented. There are three essential ingredients to the PEBBLE system: a) thermal simulation models; b) sensors, actuators, and user interfaces; and c), generic control and optimization tools. The potential for energy savings using advanced control strategies is illustrated using simulation-based studies: there are significant benefits in terms of energy-performance of using advanced control strategies, compared to traditional rule-based ones. Ongoing work about demonstration and evaluation of the PEBBLE system in three real world buildings is described.
Apparaturen der einzelnen Grundoperationen (2006)

Reaktionstechnik Chemische Reaktionssysteme Scale-up für homogene fluide Reaktionssysteme Scale-up für heterogene Reaktionssysteme Spezielle Verfahren Scale-up von Bioreaktoren Scale-up von elektrochemischen Reaktoren Scale-up von Mikrowellenreaktoren Integrierte Verfahren Reaktivdestillationsverfahren Homogen katalysierte Reaktivdestillation Heterogen katalysierte Reaktivdestillation Zusammenfassung Fluidverfahrenstechnik Destillation und Rektifikation Verfahrenstechnische Grundlagen und technische Apparate Destillation im Labor – Miniplant-Technik Testen von Destillationskolonnen Überlegungen zum Scale-up von Destillationskolonnen Wärmeübertragung Grundlagen der Wärmeübertragung Bauarten technischer Verdampfer Wärmeübertragung im Labor Flüssig/Flüssig-Extraktion Grundlagen der Extraktion Basisdaten und Apparateauswahl Labortechnik Zusammenfassung Membrantechnik Membranverfahren Versuche im Labormaßstab Miniplant- und Technikumsmaßstab Simulation und begleitende Berechnungen, Scale-up Anwendung von Membranverfahren in Miniplants in der Literatur Zusammenfassung Membrantechnik und Miniplants Feststoffverfahrenstechnik Filtration Einleitung/Theorie Kuchenfiltration Kuchenhöhe/Filtrationsleistungen Verschiedene Apparate zur Fest/Flüssig-Trennung Die Filternutsche Kristallisation Kristallisationstechniken Miniplants Simulation und Scale-up Anwendung der Kristallisation in Miniplants in der Literatur Zusammenfassung Trocknung Vorwort und Definitionen Kriterien und Parameter für das Scale-up in API Trocknern Vergleich von Technikums- und Produktionsdaten am Beispiel eines Universaltrockners Zusammenfassung Mischen Grundlagen der Dimensionsanalyse Modelltheorie Modellübertragung Makro- und Mikromischen Modellversuche im Miniplant Zusammenfassung Zerkleinern Vorbemerkungen Grob- und Mittelzerkleinerung Fein- und Feinstzerkleinerung Schlussfolgerungen
Accumulative Interference Modeling for Distributed Cognitive Radio Networks (2009)

A Cognitive Radio (CR) network should be able to sense its environment to adapt its communication so that it can utilize unused licensed spectrum without interfering with incumbent users. Properly modeling the expected interference from the entire CR network is therefore very important to effectively protect these incumbent users. We model the accumulative interference generated from a large-scale CR network and investigate how the CR network density affects the sensing requirements of the CRs to meet an interference constraint. More specifically, our model considers the impact of discrete network topology, the impact of imperfect sensing and the impact of collisions when the CR uses a distributed channel access scheme. We then apply our model to a CR network based on the IEEE 802.11 standard. We show that the collisions occurring frequently in these networks only have a small on the sensing requirements to protect the incumbent network. © 2009 Academy Publisher.
Energy conservation study of the plating and surface finishing industry. Final report (1978)

The American plating and surface finishing industry currently uses an estimated fifty-two million barrels of oil equivalent energy annually. The quantitative breakdown of energy usage in twenty electroplating facilities, methods for conserving that energy and the energy saving potential in each area are emphasized. The total annual electrical energy usage for the twenty plants is 5.30 x 10/sup 7/ kwh with the largest energy consumers being exhaust fans, plating and/or anodizing and lighting respectively. The total annual process heat usage is 1.08 x 10/sup 12/ Btu with the largest energy consumers being tank heating, boiler losses and space heat. These areas provide opportunities for energy savings. Methods for achieving these savings are outlined. In addition, several other pertinent areas are investigated. A technique for bus bar optimization, which balances energy and capital costs, is presented. The relative economics for using blowers versus air compressors for air agitation are presented.
Molybdenum contamination in BF2 high current ion implantation causing PNP beta variability: CFM/Contamination free manufacturing (2016)

High current implantation ion source components constructed of molybdenum provide a source of contamination in BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> implants. The molybdenum species, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">98</sup> Mo <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> , is unintentionally co-implanted during the <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> B <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> implantation due to its identical charge-to-mass ratio. In this paper, the impact of molybdenum contamination on PNP beta device performance is explored. Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (SIMS) was performed to measure the molybdenum concentrations in the substrate and to understand the P+ BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> implant disk run variability. A mechanism is described to explain the molybdenum contamination and its impact on PNP beta degradation. Molybdenum contamination was reduced to acceptable levels at the P+ Collector/Emitter implant and P-Buried Layer implant by reducing the beam current. The results showed the PNP Beta increased by 18% by reducing the contamination. Suggestions to reduce or eliminate Molybdenum contamination in a high volume manufacturing environment are discussed including optimizing the BF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> implant recipe to produce lower <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">98</sup> Mo <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> . The risks and challenges are also reviewed.
Novel optical nano-sensor for biomolecule and chemical agents detection (2005)

A novel photonic band-gap (PBG) based nano-sensor is proposed for biomolecule gas/chemical agents, and various industrial gas detections. The proposed sensor is based on the plannar waveguide formed by utilizing the PBG. Sensor structure is optimized for a fixed wavelength of light and fixed recpetor. Biomolecule gas adsorbed/interact with the receptor, cause changes in refractive index, which thereby reduces the output optical power. Type of gas and its density in the air can be known from the changes in output optical power, compared with no-gas (reference) adsorption. The proposed sensor can able to detect the fixed gas in several tens of parts-per-billion. We will present detailed simulation and the results of this proposed sensor for various biomolecule gas/chemical agents and also industrial gases. In addition to biomolecule gas/chemical agents detection, the proposed nano-sensor is also expected to be useful for various applications for example in clinical diagnostic system to measure the specific cell or DNA.
Impact of Graphene Interface Quality on Contact Resistance and RF Device Performance (2011)

This letter demonstrates the importance of the graphene/metal interface on the ohmic contacts of high-frequency graphene transistors grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on copper. Using an Al sacrificial layer during ohmic lithography, the graphene surface roughness underneath the ohmic contacts is reduced by fourfold, resulting in an improvement in the contact resistance from 2.0 to 0.2-0.5 kΩ·μm. Using this technology, top-gated CVD graphene transistors achieved direct-current transconductances of 200 mS/mm, maximum on current densities in excess of 1000 mA/mm, and hole mobilities ~ 1500-3000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /(V·s) on silicon substrates. Radio-frequency device performance yielded an extrinsic current-gain cutoff frequency <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> of 12 GHz after pad capacitance de-embedding resulting in an <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G</sub> product of 24 GHz·μm.
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Possibility of Using Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. in Remediation of Some Iraqi Soils Polluted by Crude Oil (2014)

Iraq is one of the main oil producing countries in the world. Soil is sometimes exposing to pollution through the processes of production, piping, transporting, and refining of crude oil. Remediation of such polluted soils is not applying in the country yet. In this research, we suggested the use of new-introduced species Conocarpus lancifolius Engl. in soil phytoremediation. Two types of soil treated with five levels of crude oil pollution were the substrate in which forty seedlings were replanted. Experiment lasted 8 months during which plants were daily irrigated and observations were recorded. Results showed that plants could survive even under the highest pollution level (10%). Depression in growth parameters occurred largely by the addition of 2.5% oil, then it was little with increasing oil percent. Although sandy soil appeared more favorable than clayey one to C. lancifolius, pollution had more impact upon it that made the end growth in both polluted soils not far from each other. Pollution highly affected number of branches during hot months through its retarding from May until September. Unpolluted plants continued growing even though the absolute maximum temperature exceeded 48 oC. The addition of 10% of crude oil resulted in declining of growth parameters at the end of experiment between 21% - 62% depending on the specific property. Shoot weight was the most affected property by high pollution. From results, it was concluded that C. lancifolius could survive under certain levels of crude oil pollution in Iraqi soils. Further studies were recommended to investigate the capability of the species in degrading total petroleum hydrocarbons in rhizosphere.
Block Interlaced Pinwheel Error Diffusion. (2002)

Error diffusion is a popular halftoning algorithm that in its most widely used form, is inherently serial. As a serial algorithm, error diffusion offers limited opportunity for large-scale parallelism. In some implementations, it may result in excessive bus traffic between the on-chip processor and the off-chip memory used to store the modified continuous-tone image and the halftone image. We introduce a new error diffusion algorithm in which the image is processed in two groups of interlaced blocks. Within each group, the blocks may be processed entirely independently. In the first group, the error diffusion proceeds along an outward spiral from the center of the block. Errors along the boundaries of blocks in the first group are diffused into neighboring blocks in the second group, within which the error diffusion spirals inward. A tone-dependent error diffusion training framework is used to eliminate artifacts associated with the spiral scan paths. We demonstrate image quality which approaches that achieved by conventional line-by-line error diffusion.
Improved Oil Reservoir Sweep with Viscoelastic Surfactants (2016)

Viscoelastic surfactant solutions increase oil recovery by selectively modifying the viscosity of the injected displacing fluid in different zones of the reservoir. We demonstrate that flow resistance in high-permeability zones is increased, whereas no significant change in viscosity occurs in low-permeability zones. This greatly reduces injected fluid losses via the high-permeability route. In two-phase flow in sandstones, recovery increases by about 25%. Efficiency also increases by a factor of 3, as shown by the large reduction in injected volume at breakthrough. Consequently, less fluid is lost through high-permeability thief zones. Recovery is increased in carbonates as well, but the efficiency is depleted as a result of apparent changes in wetting. The reduction in injected fluid before breakthrough has the potential to prolong the economical lifespan of water-wet reservoirs.
NK Cell Maturation and Cytotoxicity Are Controlled by the Intramembrane Aspartyl Protease SPPL3 (2016)

NK cell maturation is critical for normal effector function and the innate immune response to tumors and pathogens. However, the molecular pathways that control NK cell maturation remain largely undefined. In this article, we investigate the role of SPPL3, an intramembrane aspartyl protease, in murine NK cell biology. We find that deletion of SPPL3 in the hematopoietic system reduces numbers of peripheral NK cells, clearance of MHC class I-deficient tumors in vivo, and cytotoxicity against tumor cells in vitro. This phenotype is concomitant with reduced numbers of CD27(+)CD11b(+) and CD27(-)CD11b(+) NK cells, indicating a requirement for SPPL3 in efficient NK cell maturation. NK cell-specific deletion of SPPL3 results in the same deficiencies, revealing a cell-autonomous role for SPPL3 in these processes. CRISPR/Cas9 genomic editing in murine zygotes was used to generate knockin mice with a catalytically compromised SPPL3 D271A allele. Mice engineered to express only SPPL3 D271A in NK cells phenocopy mice deleted for SPPL3, indicating a requirement for SPPL3 protease activity in NK cell biology. Our results identify SPPL3 as a cell-autonomous molecular determinant of NK cell maturation and expand the role of intramembrane aspartyl proteases in innate immunity.
Differential signal scatterometry overlay metrology: an accuracy investigation (2007)

The overlay control budget for the 32nm technology node will be 5.7nm according to the ITRS. The overlay metrology budget is typically 1/10 of the overlay control budget resulting in overlay metrology total measurement uncertainty (TMU) requirements of 0.57nm for the most challenging use cases of the 32nm node. The current state of the art imaging overlay metrology technology does not meet this strict requirement, and further technology development is required to bring it to this level. In this work we present results of a study of an alternative technology for overlay metrology - Differential signal scatterometry overlay (SCOL). Theoretical considerations show that overlay technology based on differential signal scatterometry has inherent advantages, which will allow it to achieve the 32nm technology node requirements and go beyond it. We present results of simulations of the expected accuracy associated with a variety of scatterometry overlay target designs. We also present our first experimental results of scatterometry overlay measurements, comparing this technology with the standard imaging overlay metrology technology. In particular, we present performance results (precision and tool induced shift) and address the issue of accuracy of scatterometry overlay. We show that with the appropriate target design and algorithms scatterometry overlay achieves the accuracy required for future technology nodes.