gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A User Compiled Large Signal Model for GaAsHeterojunction Bipolar Transistors (2004)

This paper presents a nonlinear circuit simulation model for III-V Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBTs), implemented using C code in the Agilent ADS circuit simulator as a User Compiled Model (UCM). The UCM is based-on a recently developed compact large-signal model, which includes all physical effects taking place in power III-V based HBT devices. The validity and the accuracy of the UCM are assessed by comparing its simulation results to both measurements and Symbolically Define Device (SDD) simulations in DC, multibias small-signal S-parameters and large-signal microwave power characteristics for a 2x20 m2 emitter area InGaP/GaAs transistor.
Enhanced Program/Erase Characteristic of Arch Shaped SONOS Flash Memory (2008)

A novel SONOS flash memory device is proposed. The key technology of this device is the fabrication of a SONOS device on an arch shaped silicon fin. This makes the field in the tunneling oxide higher and that in the barrier oxide smaller. So when the gate bias is applied for program operation, the tunneling current increases and program speed increases. In the erase operation, back tunneling current from the poly-silicon gate decreases due to the reduced electric field. Therefore, there is no erase saturation phenomenon, enabling high speed erase operation.
Small signal and power performance of AlGaN/GaN HFETs grown on s.i.SiC (2000)

We report on the DC,the mall ignal and the RF power performance of AlGaN/GaN HFET grown on emi in ulating (.i.)SiC ubstrate.DC characterization how a record transconductance of 300mS/mm for a device ith a gatelength of 0.3 µm.Load pull measurements at 10 GHz were performed,indicating output power levels above 4Watts cw for a unpas ivated 1.6mm device.Finally,tandard equivalent circuit parameter are extracted and verified for devices with different gatewidths.
On the Selection of Significant Channel Parameters for OFDM Systems: A Hypotheses Testing Based Approach (2006)

This paper considers multiple hypothesis techniques for the identification of significant channel parameters in OFDM systems. Unlike several OFDM channel estimation methods, where the channel response is estimated based on a pre-defined or an estimated length. In this work, the channel length is assumed unknown and only significant channel parameters will be identified. First, using a training based scenario, a model is proposed for the channel response. Second the model parameters are estimated using least squares (LS). Based on those estimates, multiple hypothesis tests based on F-statistics are constructed to classify each significant parameter. Simulation results show that the method is capable of identifying significant channel parameters with high probability under various SNR. In addition a receiver based on those parameters have a better performance than one which is based on the full model
Identification of myeloid derived suppressor cells in the peripheral blood of tumor bearing dogs (2012)

The purpose of this study was aimed at identifying potential canine specific markers for identifying MDSCs in the peripheral blood circulation of dogs. This study demonstrates an increase in a unique CD11b low/CADO48A low cell population in tumor-bearing dogs. This immunophenotype is consistent with described phenotypes of MDSCs in other species (i.e. mice) and utilizes commercially available canine-specific antibodies. Importantly, CD11b low/CADO48A low from a tumor environment suppress the proliferation of lymphocytes. These results provide a useful phenotype of cells increased in canine cancer patients that may serve as a useful prognostic marker for assessing immune status and functional response to cancer immunotherapies in dogs. Understanding MDSCs in dogs will allow for increased effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy in both dogs and humans.
Somatic and Germinal Mutations of Tumor-Suppressor Genes in the Development of Cancer (1991)

It is generally thought that the germinal mutation of tumor-suppressor genes predisposes the affected children to the development of certain types of hereditary tumors while the somatic mutation of the same genes links to the development of non-hereditary tumors. Retinoblastoma susceptibility gene (RB gene) is a prototype of such genes. We studied the parental origin of new mutation of the RB gene in the sporadic hereditary and non-hereditary retinoblastoma and osteosarcoma. The results showed a preferential involvement of parental genome in the new germinal as well as initial somatic mutations. The male-directed mutagenesis even in the somatic cells has been implicated as a reflection of germinal origin of mutation, even for non-hereditary tumors as a manifestation of mutational mosaicism associated with delayed mutation. The importance of the new mutations occurring as mosaics should be emphasized in the evaluation of cancer risks from parental exposures to radiation and chemicals.
Amino Acids and Peptides. XXXI. Preparation of Analogs of the Laminin-Related Peptide YIGSR and Their Inhibitory Effect on Experimental Metastasis. (1998)

Analogs of a partial sequence peptide of laminin, i.e., Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) analogs and Cys-Asp-Pro-Gly-Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (CDPGYIGSR) analogs, were prepared by the solid-phase method and their inhibitory effects on experimental metastasis of B16-BL6 melanoma cells were examined. YIGSR analogs in which Ile was replaced by other hydrophobic amino acids (Met, Leu, Phe) were inhibitory. Cys-containing analogs of YIGSR were also prepared, but were less active than the parent peptide, YIGSR. Among them, CYIGSR was easily oxidized to form a disulfide bond. A Cys-containing YIGSR analog cyclized through a disulfide bond, cyclo(CYIGSRC)G, was prepared. The disulfide bond formation was performed on the resin by the silyl chloride-sulfoxide method and by the iodine oxidation method. The yield of the silyl chloride-sulfoxide method was much better than that of the iodine oxidation method.
Reversible Hydrogen Releasing and Fixing with Poly(Vinylfluorenol) through a Mild Ir‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenation and Electrochemical Hydrogenation (2019)

The radical polymerization of 2-vinylfluorenol, an alcohol derivative of vinylfluorene, gives poly(vinylfluorenol), which quantitatively releases hydrogen gas (≈110 mL per gram polymer at standard temperature and pressure) by simply warming at 100 °C with an iridium catalyst. A high population of fluorenol units in the polymer accomplishes a large formula-weight-based theoretical hydrogen density (1.0 wt%). The dehydrogenated ketone derivative, poly(vinylfluorenone), exhibits reversible negative-charge storage with a high density of 260 mAh g<sup>-1</sup> . The electrolytically reduced poly(vinylfluorenone) is momentarily hydrogenated in the presence of an electrolyte with water as the hydrogen source to be converted to the original poly(vinylfluorenol). The formed poly(vinylfluorenol) almost quantitatively evolves hydrogen gas similar to the starting poly(vinylfluorenol). Both hydrogen and charge storage with the organic fluorenol/fluorenone polymer suggest a new type of energy-storage configuration.
Adaptive multiuser receivers with diversity reception for nonselective Rayleigh fading asynchronous CDMA channels (2002)

We investigate the performance of low-complexity decorrelating multiuser receivers with diversity reception in frequency-nonselective Rayleigh fading asynchronous CDMA channels. The impact of fading dynamics on the differentially coherent receiver with equal-gain combining is quantified. We also analyze an adaptive coherent multiuser receiver utilizing decision-directed carrier recovery and maximal ratio combining, and bound its error probability showing the impact of imperfect channel estimates and multiple-access interference. Both multiuser receivers have superior performance compared to their conventional counterparts. The comparison of two receiver structures indicates that the coherent decorrelating detector with diversity reception is preferable in nonselective fading CDMA channels with memory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An experimental ATM-based video-on-demand system on a Macintosh platform (2002)

Video-on-demand (VOD) systems can support multiple concurrent video accesses with guaranteed user-controlled quality of service (QoS). The growth of VOD systems is driven by the increasing need for distributed multimedia applications such as company training, distance learning, telemedicine, and home entertainment. We propose and demonstrate an ATM-based (asynchronous transfer mode) VOD system (including VOD servers, clients and connection networks) based on a Macintosh platform. ATM is a promising network standard which may satisfy various requirements of VOD systems. In this VOD system, time-based data are encoded and decoded using the MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) standard. Issues related to VOD system design, including the multimedia programming environment, the required system modification to support remote MPEG playback, ATM networking, process scheduling, and buffer management for both VOD servers and clients, are discussed and analyzed based on the Macintosh platform. A prototype VOD system is used to explore the design issues proposed. The Macintosh platform provided an efficient and jitter-free VOD system supporting MPEG movie playback through ATM networks.
Driver design for DDR4 memory subsystems (2010)

As DDR4 continues to move from the design phase towards implementation, several challenges have been identified to successfully implement this high performance memory architecture for next generation systems. This paper investigates driver design selection for DDR4 systems. The paper studies the pros and cons of three driver design types namely: standard, pre-emphasis, and de-emphasis on typical net topogies of 1DPC (DIMM per channel) and 2DPC operated at 2400MT/s. For each driver type the impact of source termination on performance and power saving capability is discussed. Since the effects associated with different driver designs can be best understood in the time domain this paper uses behavioral models created in the SPICE format for simulations.
Electroluminescence from Nanoscale Materials via Field-Driven Ionization (2011)

The high degree of morphological and energetic disorder inherent to many nanosized materials places limitations on charge injection into and transport rates through thin films of these materials. We demonstrate electroluminescence achieved by local generation of charge that eliminates the need for injection of charge carriers from the device electrodes. We show electroluminescence from thin films of nanoscale materials that do not support direct current excitation and suggest a mechanism for the charge generation and electroluminescence that is consistent with our time-averaged and time-resolved observations.
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin deficiency attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (2015)

In the present study we examined the role of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Here, we report that TSLP knock-out (KO) mice display a delayed onset of disease and an attenuated form of EAE. This delayed onset was accompanied by a reduced number of encephalitogenic T helper type 1 (Th1) cells in the central nervous system (CNS) of TSLP KO mice. In addition, CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells from CNS of TSLP KO mice show a reduced activation status in comparison to wild-type mice. It is noteworthy that we could also show that lymph node cells from TSLP KO mice expanded less efficiently and that interleukin (IL)-6-, interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels were reduced. Furthermore, CD3(+) T cells isolated in the preclinical phase from myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein peptide 35-55 (MOG(35-55))-immunized TSLP KO mice showed a reduced response after secondary exposure to MOG(35-55), indicating that differentiation of naive T cells into MOG(35-55)-specific effector and memory T cells was impaired in KO mice. The addition of recombinant TSLP enhanced T cell proliferation during MOG(35-55) restimulation, showing that T cells also respond directly to TSLP. In summary, these data demonstrate that expression of, and immune activation by, TSLP contributes significantly to the immunopathology of EAE.
Nanoalloy structures and catalysis part 1: general discussion (2022)

Nanoalloy structures, part 1 Graham J. Hutchings opened discussion of the introductory lecture by Miguel Jose Yacaman: In your presentation (https://doi.org/10.1039/d2fd00137c), you showed good examples of strain in unsupported nanoparticles. What happens to the strain when the nanopartic
Measurements of Higgs boson production cross-sections in the $H\\to\\tau^{+}\\tau^{-}$ decay channel in $pp$ collisions at $\\sqrt{s}=13\\,\\text{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector (2021)

Measurements of the production cross-sections of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs boson ($H$) decaying into a pair of $\\tau$ leptons are presented. The measurements use data collected with the ATLAS detector from $pp$ collisions produced at the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of $\\sqrt{s}=13\\,\\text{TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $139\\,\\text{fb}^{-1}$. Leptonic ($\\tau\\to\\ell\\nu_{\\ell}\\,\\nu_{\\tau}$) and hadronic ($\\tau\\to\\text{hadrons }\\nu_{\\tau}$) decays of the $\\tau$ lepton are considered. All measurements account for the branching ratio of $H\\to\\tau\\tau$ and are performed with a requirement $|y_H|&lt;2.5$, where $y_H$ is the true Higgs boson rapidity. The production cross-section of the $pp\\,\\to\\,H\\,\\to\\,\\tau\\tau$ process is measured to be 2.90 $\\pm$ 0.21 (stat) $^{+\\,0.37}_{-\\,0.32}$(syst) pb. Inclusive cross-sections are determined separately for the four dominant production modes: 2.7 $\\pm$ 0.4 (stat) $^{+\\,0.9}_{-\\,0.6}$(syst) pb for the gluon-gluon fusion, 0.196 $^{+\\,0.028}_{-\\,0.027}$(stat) $^{+\\,0.032}_{-\\,0.025}$(syst) pb for the vector-boson fusion, 0.11 $\\pm$ 0.06 (stat) $\\pm$ 0.04 (syst) pb for the vector boson associated production, and 0.048 $^{+\\,0.033}_{-\\,0.029}$(stat) $^{+\\,0.036}_{-\\,0.029}$(syst) pb for the top-quark pair associated production. Measurements in exclusive regions of the phase space, using the simplified template cross-section framework, are also performed. All results are in agreement with the SM predictions.
Stathmin is overexpressed in malignant mesothelioma. (2007)

For the first time, stathmin was shown to be overexpressed in malignant mesothelioma. The overexpression of stathmin in mesothelioma may offer a potential therapeutic target and further studies are warranted.
A novel approach to Paget's disease diagnosis and monitoring using near-infrared absorption spectroscopy (2013)

Paget’s disease of bone affects about 1 to 3 percent of people over 40 years of age in the United States. The disease is characterized by an increase in the rate of bone remodeling due to excessive osteoclast activity; therefore patients with Paget’s disease can develop severe bone deformities. Pagetoid bones are large, fragile and prone to fractures. A hallmark of Paget’s disease of bone is a marked increase in vascularization in bones. The fingerprint determinants of vascularization are deoxyhemoglobin (Hb) and oxyhemoglobin (HbO<sub>2</sub>), which are the key chromophores in the NIR “tissue optical window” from 700nm to 1200nm. We have designed a Bone Optical Analyzer which utilizes optical spectroscopy imaging to non-invasively measure the changes of Hb and HbO<sub>2</sub>, thus enabling early diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression in these patients. Using inverse imaging algorithms, based on the diffusion equation, 2D and 3D maps of the bone’s internal structure can be reconstructed. The use of NIR light will allow for repeated studies on patients with Paget’s disease quickly, safely, inexpensively and without the risks associated with standard procedures. The model will be tested on bone tissue phantoms which mimic the scattering properties of human bone. This work will be the foundation for the future use of this device in vivo.
Secretion of interleukin‐1β by astrocytes mediates endothelin‐1 and tumour necrosis factor‐α effects on human brain microvascular endothelial cell permeability (2003)

Evidence suggests that endothelin-1 (ET-1) plays an essential role in brain inflammation. However, whether ET-1 contributes directly to blood-brain barrier (BBB) breakdown remains to be elucidated. Using an in vitro BBB model consisting of co-cultures of human primary astrocytes and brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs), we first investigated the expression of ET-1 by BMVECs upon stimulation with tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, which plays an essential role in the induction and synthesis of ET-1 during systemic inflammatory responses. Increased ET-1 mRNA was detected in the human BMVECs 24 h after TNF-alpha treatment. This was correlated with an increase in ET-1 levels in the culture medium, as determined by sandwich immunoassay. Both TNF-alpha and ET-1 increased the permeability of human BMVECs to a paracellular tracer, sucrose, but only in the presence of astrocytes. The increase in BMVEC permeability by TNF-alpha was partially prevented by antibody neutralization of ET-1 and completely by monoclonal antibody against IL-1beta. Concomitantly, TNF-alpha induced IL-1beta mRNA expression by astrocytes in co-culture and this effect was partially prevented by ET-1 antibody neutralization. In parallel experiments, treatment of human primary astrocytes in single cultures with ET-1 for 24 h induced IL-1beta mRNA synthesis and IL-1beta protein secretion in the cell culture supernatant. Taken together, these results provide evidence for paracrine actions involving ET-1, TNF-alpha and IL-1beta between human astrocytes and BMVECs, which may play a central role in BBB breakdown during CNS inflammation.
Shaping of terminal megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet development by sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor S1P4 (2010)

Megakaryocytes, which mature from hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow, further differentiate by reorganizing their cytoplasm into long proplatelet extensions that release platelets into the circulation. The molecular mechanisms underlying this highly dynamic cytoplasmic and cytoskeletal remodeling process are only poorly understood. Here we report that sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 4 (S1P(4)) is specifically up-regulated during the development of human megakaryocytes from progenitor cells and is expressed in mature murine megakaryocytes. Megakaryocytes generated from S1P(4)-deficient murine bone marrow showed atypical and reduced formation of proplatelets in vitro. The recovery of platelet numbers after experimental thrombocytopenia was significantly delayed in S1p4(-/-) mice. Remarkably, overexpression and stimulation of S1P(4) in human erythroleukemia HEL cells promoted endomitosis, formation of cytoplasmic extensions, and subsequent release of platelet-like particles. These observations indicate that S1P(4) is involved in shaping the terminal differentiation of megakaryocytes.
Platelet-derived growth factor increases the in vivo activity of phospholipase C-gamma 1 and phospholipase C-gamma 2. (1991)

Upon binding to its cell surface receptor, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) causes the tyrosine phosphorylation of phospholipase C-gamma 1 (PLC-gamma 1) and stimulates the production of diacylglycerol and inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate. We showed that following stimulation by PDGF, rat-2 cells overexpressing PLC-gamma 1 display an increase in the levels of both tyrosine-phosphorylated PLC-gamma 1 and inositol phosphates compared with the parental rat-2 cells. This increased responsiveness to PDGF is a direct effect of PLC-gamma 1 overexpression, as a cell line expressing similar levels of an enzymatically inactive point mutant of PLC-gamma 1, PLC-gamma 1 335Q, did not show elevated inositol phosphate production in response to PDGF. Hematopoietic cells express PLC-gamma 2, a PLC isoform that is closely related to PLC-gamma 1. When rat-2 cells overexpressing PLC-gamma 2 were treated with PDGF, an increase in both the tyrosine phosphorylation and the in vivo activity of PLC-gamma 2 was observed. Aluminum fluoride (AIF4-), a universal activator of PLC linked to G-proteins, did not produce an increase in the levels of inositol phosphates in either of the overexpressing cell lines compared with parental rat-2 cells, demonstrating that PLC-gamma isoforms respond specifically to a receptor with tyrosine kinase activity.
Methyltrioxorhenium revisited: improving the synthesis for a versatile catalyst (2007)

Previously reported synthetic pathways require the use of highly toxic tin containing methylating agents. A more environmentally sound tin free synthetic route to the versatile catalyst MTO has been developed recently, using the principles of green chemistry.
Early detection of myocardial involvement by T1 mapping of cardiac MRI in idiopathic inflammatory myopathy (2018)

2 Technical Efficacy: Stage 3 J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2018;48:415-422.
Asymmetric Amplification in the Amino Acid‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Amino Acid Derivatives (2007)

Abstract The origins of biological homochirality have intrigued researchers since Pasteur’s discovery of the optical activity of biomolecules. Herein, we present the first example of asymmetric amplification in the amino acid‐catalyzed enantioselective synthesis of amino acid derivatives that provides support for a synergistic model for the evolution of homochirality by amino acid catalysis.
Circuit and microarchitectural techniques for reducing cache leakage power (2004)

On-chip caches represent a sizable fraction of the total power consumption of microprocessors. As feature sizes shrink, the dominant component of this power consumption will be leakage. However, during a fixed period of time, the activity in a data cache is only centered on a small subset of the lines. This behavior can be exploited to cut the leakage power of large data caches by putting the cold cache lines into a state preserving, low-power drowsey mode. In this paper, we investigate policies and circuit techniques for implementing drowsy data caches. We show that with simple microarchitectural techniques, about 80%-90% of the data cache lines can be maintained in a drowsy state without affecting performance by more than 0.6%, even though moving lines into and out of a drowsy state incurs a slight performance loss. According to our projections, in a 70-nm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process, drowsy data caches will be able to reduce the total leakage energy consumed in the caches by 60%-75%. In addition, we extend the drowsy cache concept to reduce leakage power of instruction caches without significant impact on execution time. Our results show that data and instruction caches require different control strategies for efficient execution. In order to enable drowsy instruction caches, we propose a technique called cache subbank prediction, which is used to selectively wake up only the necessary parts of the instruction cache, while allowing most of the cache to stay in a low-leakage drowsy mode. This prediction technique reduces the negative performance impact by 78% compared with the no-prediction policy. Our technique works well even with small predictor sizes and enables a 75% reduction of leakage energy in a 32-kB instruction cache.