gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
siRNA Versus Antisense Locked Nucleic Acids: Stay Single!. (2005)

Abstract Much discussion has centred around the utility and benefits of siRNA in both target validation and as a therapeutic option. This has been driven by significant publications including that of Soutcheck et al (Nature432, 173–177 2004), which demonstrated liver targeting as well as in vivo efficacy when siRNA against ApoB was tethered to a cholesterol moiety. Santaris Pharma has developed a third generation nucleic acid chemistry referred to as locked nucleic acid (LNA) which delivers unmatched affinity and stabiliy benefits, largely overcoming the drawbacks associated with traditional antisense molecules. We therefore sought to compare this chemistry with targets which siRNA has been successfully used in in vivo/in vitro settings. The same motif used in the Soutcheck study was targeted with a LNA molecule, and the free siRNA activity was compared to the cholesterol linked and free LNA molecules in their ability ot down regulate ApoB expression. LNA (SPC3197) inhibited ApoB expression by 90% while at an equimolar concentration siRNA was ineffective in the liver and jejunum. Cholesterol linked siRNA was only effective in the jejunum (c50% reduction in mRNA) Fig1. Only the LNA mediated inhibition of ApoB expression was paralleled by a drop in serum cholesterol in the host animal. In a second model siRNA molecules targeting Hif-1a mRNA (Yu et al Lab Invest84, 553–561 2004) were compared to our lead LNA molecule targeting Hif-1a, SPC2968. Interestingly in in vitro analyses these 2 molecules were equally effective. However in a murine model the increased half life of the LNA molecules translated to a potent inhibition of Hif-1a as measured by QPCR. This effect was noted in jejunum and liver, and persisted for at least 4 days. Hif-1a inhibition mediated by siRNA was not seen in any tissue analysed (Fig 2). Finally a 3rd molecule targeting Bcl-2 has entered clinical Phase 1 trials, and data will be presented documenting its improved affinity and stabitily in relation to competitor molecules such as Genasense. Figure Figure
Correlation of CT Findings of Thoracic Mass Lesions with CT Guided Aspiration Cytology (2017)

Introduction: Thoracic masses have always remained an enigma in clinical practice. Computed Tomography (CT) is a useful investigation in further characterisation of suspicious thoracic masses and guided Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is regarded as a quick diagnostic tool to differentiate malignant from benign thoracic mass lesions. Aim: To evaluate the CT findings of thoracic mass lesions and assess the role of CT-guided FNAC, to comparatively analyse the radiological and cytopathological results. Materials and Methods: Sixty patients with strong clinical suspicion and chest radiographic diagnosis of thoracic mass were included in the study. Their characteristic imaging findings were studied and the radiologically benign or malignant Features were correlated with cytological diagnosis. Results: Out of all the sixty cases of thoracic masses, 40 (66.67%) were localized to the lung followed by mediastinal mass in 14 cases (23.33%). Pleural effusion (malignant vs benign-57.1% vs 14.3%), collapse of adjacent lung (51.4% vs. 11.4%), mediastinal lymphadenopathy (28.6% vs. 5.7%) and chest wall invasion (25.7% vs. 0%) are more commonly seen in malignant than in benign lesions. The radiological and pathological correlation of thoracic mass in the present study was 88% which is statistically significant (p = 0.01) with a specificity of 85.7% and sensitivity of 90%. Conclusion: CT-guided FNAC of thoracic mass lesions is a safe and a rapid diagnostic procedure with less complication. Specific diagnosis can also be derived from cytomorphology alone.
The stereospecific labilization of the C-4' pro-S hydrogen of pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate is abolished in (Lys258—Ala) aspartate aminotransferase. (1987)

Reconstitution of wild-type apoaspartate aminotransferase from Escherichia coli with [4'-3H]pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate results in stereospecific release of the pro-S C-4' 3H to the solvent. The reaction follows first-order kinetics (t1/2 = 15 min at pH 7.5 and 25 degrees C), its rate constant being similar to that found previously with mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase from chicken (Tobler, H.P., Christen, P., and Gehring, H. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 7105-7108). Substituting the active site residue Lys258 by alanine via site-directed mutagenesis yields a catalytically inactive enzyme (Malcolm, B. A., and Kirsch, J. F. (1985) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 132, 915-921). This mutant enzyme fails to release any measurable 3H from bound [4'-3H]pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate. The data are consistent with earlier proposals that Lys258 is indispensable for the ketimine/aldimine tautomerization, and corroborate the previous conclusion that 3H exchange from enzyme-bound pyridoxamine 5'-phosphate mechanistically corresponds to the deprotonation at C-4' of the ketimine intermediate during the transamination reaction.
Rainfall Monitoring Systems Over An Urban Area: The City of Rome (2002)

In small urban catchments a very high space-time rainfall resolution is needed in order to obtain with sufficient accuracy the flash flood nowcasting as well as the monitoring of sewer systems.&#13;\nIn this light, a radar meteorology campaign was conducted during the fall of 2001, over the city of Rome (Italy), using measurements collected by the polarimetric Doppler radar Polar 55C located in the South-East of the city at a distance of 15 km from the downtown and by a network consisting of 33 tipping bucket rain gauges.&#13;\nA comparative analysis of the rainfall fields obtained using isohyets and geostatistic (Kriging) methods with the corresponding obtained using radar rainfall measurements was performed. The overall performance of the different methods were evaluated by using objective functions.&#13;\nPropagation of the errors due to the rain gauge network density was weighed changing the number of the rain gauges used to reconstruct the rainfall fields.
Ada (Trade Name) Foundation Technology. Volume 6. Software Requirements for WIS (WWMCCS (World Wide Military Command and Control System) Information System) Operating System Prototypes. (1986)

The most important ingredient for a successful WIS is the design and implementation of a suitable distributed operating system. The WIS operating system (OS) is a distributed operating system in the sense that it provides an abstraction of a single system across network connected multiple machines. The design of WIS OS presented is a well-balanced design that has significant potential for meeting the requirements of WIS. For example, effective performance is achieved by providing a minimal kernel that optimizes local area network (LAN) Inter-Process Communication (IPC), contains a very fast context switch and supports lightweight kernel tasks. Security is supported in the kernel by having clearly delineated address spaces, basic mandatory access control and all communication controlled via the IPC mechanism which can ensure that the proper security access is followed. This volume is the sixth of a nine-volume set describing projects which are planned for prototype foundation technologies for WIS using the Ada programming language. The other volumes include command language; software design, description, and analysis tools; text processing; database management system; planning and optimization tools; graphics; and network protocols.
Bioinspired Surface Treatments for Improved Decontamination: Commercial Products (2017)

Abstract : This effort evaluates bioinspired coatings for use in a top-coat type application to identify those technologies that may improve decontamination capabilities for painted surfaces. This report details results for evaluation of four commercially available treatments: NANOskin Hydro Express, Rust-Oleum(registered trademark) NeverWet(registered trademark), Eagle One Superior NanoWax(registered trademark), and Rust-Oleum(registered trademark) Wipe New. Commercially available treatments offer some potential advantages over the less mature technologies otherwise evaluated by this effort. Hazards, deposition approaches, and production scaling have been addressed, and the materials are suitable for immediate use as appropriate. Given the potential for rapid adoption and reduced costs, evaluation of relevant commercial treatments was completed following standard approaches. Retention of the simulants paraoxon, methylsalicylate, dimethyl methylphosphate, and diisopropyl fluorophosphates following treatment of contaminated surfaces with a soapy water solution is reported. Wetting behaviors and target droplet diffusion on the surfaces are also discussed.
Partial Fat-saturated Contrast-enhanced Three-dimensional MR Angiography Compared with Non-Fat-saturated and Conventional Fat-saturated MR Angiography (2000)

Abdominal three-dimensional magnetic resonance angiography was performed in 35 patients in the equilibrium phase without fat saturation, with conventional fat saturation, and with fast partial fat saturation. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation demonstrated significantly better vessel visualization with both fat-saturated techniques. The partial fat-saturated technique provided water-specific images within a breath hold, reducing motion artifacts significantly.
In Situ Observation of Enhanced Photoinduced Charge Separation in a Gold Nanoparticle Assembly Immobilized on TiO 2 (2016)

Abstract Photoinduced charge separation on a hybrid titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) surface with a gold nanoparticle (AuNP) assembly immobilized via a biotin‐streptavidin interaction was visualized by Kelvin force microscopy (KFM). Biotinylated AuNP (Biot‐AuNP) with a diameter of ca. 15 nm was assembled using streptavidin (STV) and the AuNP assembly was immobilized on a TiO 2 surface modified with 1‐(3‐aminopropyl)silatrane. KFM reveals that the local contact potential difference (CPD) of dispersed AuNP, which is −17 ± 4.2 mV in the dark, undergoes a negative shift of −46 ± 3.0 mV upon UV‐irradiation (λ=240‐300 nm). In contrast, the AuNP assembly on the TiO 2 surface exhibits a greater negative shift of −58 ± 6.0 mV of the CPD, although the CPD value of −16 ± 5.8 mV in the dark is similar to that of the dispersed AuNP. KFM visualization demonstrates that assembly of the AuNP on the TiO 2 surface contributes to efficient storage of the negative charge generated by excited electrons in TiO 2 during photoinduced charge separation.
Removal of methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide from contaminated air by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-m (1989)

Methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and hydrogen sulfide were efficiently removed from contaminated air by Thiobacillus thioparus TK-m and oxidized to sulfate stoichiometrically. More than 99.99% of dimethyl sulfide was removed when the load was less than 4.0 g of dimethyl sulfide per g (dry cell weight) per day.
An adaptive WPE multiuser detector (2005)

Weighted polynomial expansion (WPE) detectors can be used to approximate linear multiuser detectors to avoid the need to compute matrix inversion. For finite stage WPE detectors, weight vector optimization is an important process since it determines how effective the linear multiuser detectors can be approximated. In this letter, the optimal weight vector for the finite stage WPE detector is derived based on the mean-squared error (MSE) criteria. In addition, a low-complexity adaptive WPE detector based on the least-squares criteria is proposed to simplify the computation of the optimum weight vector. Simulation results show that the proposed adaptive WPE detector outperforms the existing WPE method.
A flexible architecture for future wireless local area networks (1998)

This paper reports on the activities at IMEC that will lead to a 100Mb/s indoor communication system based on multi-carrier modulation. The goal is to build a wireless local area network, which can compete with today&amp;apos;s wired solutions in terms of cost and performance. It is shown how a dedicated ASIC architecture implements an OFDM modem with 256 carriers that allows transmission of complex symbols (QPSK, 16 QAM) at 50Mbaud/s. It is also demonstrated how adaptive turbo-decoding allows operation close to the Shannon limit and how it can be used to provide quality of service. Adaptive loading of the carriers provides a further capacity enhancement. A gain of 6.5dB in the required signal to noise ratio can be observed compared to standard non-adaptive schemes. Finally, an SDMA scheme with full channel characterization is proposed in order to increase the channel capacity even further. It turns out that even with short training sequences a substantial capacity improvement can be observed.
Future of Accelerator Based BNCT Neutron Irradiation System using Liquid Lithium Target (2014)

The future of accelerator-based (Acc-based) neutron irradiation system (NIS) for boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT) using liquid lithium target was studied especially for the usage of neutrons from 7Li(p,n)7Be near threshold reactions. The next generation of NIS for BNCT is envisioned to have a non-invasive dose monitoring system during clinical BNCT performed at a downtown hospital. A liquid lithium film flow for the neutron producing target for BNCT has been established. The combination of a long-life neutron producing target such as a liquid lithium target and a stable proton accelerator such as RFQ is evaluated as a promising candidate for this future system. A new design standard for an Acc-based NIS for BNCT derived from the viewpoints of secondary cancer induced by BNCT, was proposed.
Extraction of fluorescent dot traces from a scanning laser ophthalmoscope image sequence by spatio-temporal image analysis: Gabor filter and radon transform filtering (1999)

The scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SLO) allows the tracking of fluorescent dot motion, thereby enabling the flow velocities in perimacular capillaries to be directly measured. These can serve as an important index of local retinal soundness or reflect the whole body circulation status in disorders such as diabetes. Although it is possible to perceive moving fluorescent dots with the human eye, they are so faint and unstable that it is difficult to detect them by conventional digital still-image processing methods. To solve this problem, we generated spatio-temporal images of the fluorescent dots in a capillary and applied Gabor filters tuned to the direction of the traces in order to detect them. Finally, by discriminating and integrating the output using two levels of threshold, we were able to extract their traces. Because the medium-size Gabor filter requires a considerable amount of time for two-dimensional convolution calculation, we prove that there is a certain equivalence between the Gabor filter, the radon transform, and the Hough transform. In the light of this, we propose a form of radon transform filtering that includes a radon transform Gabor filter as a very long Gabor filter. This allows a whole trace to be detected in a single step with a one-dimensional convolution, thereby shortening the processing time. In an experiment, 60% of the traces could be detected without error, which is sufficient to allow the mean flow velocity in a capillary to be measured.
Adding a Gastric Step to the Intestinal In Vitro Digestion Model Improves the Prediction of Pharmacokinetic Data in Beagle Dogs of Two Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems (2020)

Drug release from a lipid-based drug delivery system (LbDDS) is typically studied <i>in vitro</i> using a one-step intestinal digestion model. However, lately the importance of incorporating gastric digestion has been stressed. The aim of the present study was to compare a two-step gastro-intestinal (GI) <i>in vitro</i> digestion model to the commonly used one-step intestinal digestion model. The models were evaluated by studying release of the model drug A1260 from two LbDDSs (F-I and F-II), for which <i>in vivo</i> pharmacokinetic data from oral administration to beagle dogs were available. The amount of A1260 recovered in the aqueous phases during and after the GI digestion of F-I and F-II was related to the <i>C</i><sub>max</sub> and AUC<sub>0-48h</sub> of the plasma concentration-time profiles of each formulation and produced a rank order <i>in vitro</i>-<i>in vivo</i> (IVIV) relation. In comparison, a similar IVIV rank ordering was obtained when relating the amount of A1260 recovered in the aqueous phase prior (<i>t</i> = 0 min), and following 15 min of intestinal digestion, to the plasma concentration-time profiles. However, after 60 min of intestinal digestion, the LbDDSs performed equally in the one-step <i>in vitro</i> digestion model, contrary to what was observed in the two-step digestion model, and <i>in vivo</i>. As the GI digestion model produced a clearer distinction in terms of LbDDS rank ordering of the two LbDDSs, compared to the intestinal digestion model, it was found to be a promising <i>in vitro</i> model to study and estimate the LbDDS behavior <i>in vivo</i>.
Polymorphonuclear leukocytes relax human internal mammary artery and saphenous vein segments differently (1991)

This study was designed to examine the effects of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) on human internal mammary artery (IMA) and saphenous vein (SV) segments obtained from patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. PMNs (107/mL) caused a modest (39% ± 4%) relaxation of precontracted IMA rings, but only minimal (5% ± 2%) relaxation of SV rings (P < 0.01, relaxation of IMA vs SV rings). Relaxation of SV rings in response to endothelium-dependent vasodilator acetylcholine was also less than that of IMA rings (P < 0.01). PMN-induced vasorelaxation was not modified by treatment of vascular rings with indomethacin, but the vasorelaxation was potentiated by superoxide dismutase and inhibited by both oxyhemoglobin and methylene blue, suggesting that PMNs release a material similar to the endothelium-derived relaxing factor (EDRF). PMN-induced vasorelaxation was associated with a 75% increase (P < 0.02) in the cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) content of the IMA rings and a 20% increase in cyclic GMP in SV rings. To determine the role of the endothelium in PMN-vessel wall interactions, IMA and SV segments were exposed to superoxide anions generated by a combination of xanthine followed by xanthine oxidase (X + XO). In these X + XO-treated IMA and SV segments, PMNs caused a marked relaxation (55% ± 9% and 22% ± 8%, respectively) and a three- to fourfold increase in vascular cyclic GMP content. However, PMN-induced relaxation and the increase in cyclic GMP were less (P < 0.02) in the SV than the IMA rings. In manually deendothelialized vascular rings, PMNs caused a marked relaxation. These observations suggest that isolated PMNs, release an EDRF-like material that causes relaxation of IMA and SV rings by increasing tissue cyclic GMP. The reduced relaxation potential of the SV rings may explain the higher incidence of closure of SV grafts as compared to IMA grafts in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery.
Matrix isolation studies of the reactions of silicon atoms. II. Infrared spectrum and structure of matrix-isolated fluorosilylene: HSiF (1982)

Silicon spontaneously reacts with HF and DF to form the molecules HSiF and DSiF in solid argon. Photolysis of the matrix during deposition greatly enhances the yield of these products. Frequencies for the three infrared active modes of HSiF and DSiF have been accurately measured. The force field of this triatomic molecule has been fully determined through normal coordinate analyses. Thermodynamic functions for the fluorosilylene have been calculated.
Active pixel imagers incorporating pixel‐level amplifiers based on polycrystalline‐silicon thin‐film transistors (2009)

Active matrix, flat-panel imagers (AMFPIs) employing a 2D matrix of a-Si addressing TFTs have become ubiquitous in many x-ray imaging applications due to their numerous advantages. However, under conditions of low exposures and/or high spatial resolution, their signal-to-noise performance is constrained by the modest system gain relative to the electronic additive noise. In this article, a strategy for overcoming this limitation through the incorporation of in-pixel amplification circuits, referred to as active pixel (AP) architectures, using polycrystalline-silicon (poly-Si) TFTs is reported. Compared to a-Si, poly-Si offers substantially higher mobilities, enabling higher TFT currents and the possibility of sophisticated AP designs based on both n- and p-channel TFTs. Three prototype indirect detection arrays employing poly-Si TFTs and a continuous a-Si photodiode structure were characterized. The prototypes consist of an array (PSI-1) that employs a pixel architecture with a single TFT, as well as two arrays (PSI-2 and PSI-3) that employ AP architectures based on three and five TFTs, respectively. While PSI-1 serves as a reference with a design similar to that of conventional AMFPI arrays, PSI-2 and PSI-3 incorporate additional in-pixel amplification circuitry. Compared to PSI-1, results of x-ray sensitivity demonstrate signal gains of approximately 10.7 and 20.9 for PSI-2 and PSI-3, respectively. These values are in reasonable agreement with design expectations, demonstrating that poly-Si AP circuits can be tailored to provide a desired level of signal gain. PSI-2 exhibits the same high levels of charge trapping as those observed for PSI-1 and other conventional arrays employing a continuous photodiode structure. For PSI-3, charge trapping was found to be significantly lower and largely independent of the bias voltage applied across the photodiode. MTF results indicate that the use of a continuous photodiode structure in PSI-1, PSI-2, and PSI-3 results in optical fill factors that are close to unity. In addition, the greater complexity of PSI-2 and PSI-3 pixel circuits, compared to that of PSI-1, has no observable effect on spatial resolution. Both PSI-2 and PSI-3 exhibit high levels of additive noise, resulting in no net improvement in the signal-to-noise performance of these early prototypes compared to conventional AMFPIs. However, faster readout rates, coupled with implementation of multiple sampling protocols allowed by the nondestructive nature of pixel readout, resulted in a significantly lower noise level of approximately 560 e (rms) for PSI-3.
Upscaling the Surveillance of Tick-Borne Pathogens in the French Caribbean Islands (2020)

Despite the high burden of vector-borne disease in (sub)tropical areas, few information are available regarding the diversity of tick and tick-borne pathogens circulating in the Caribbean. Management and control of vector-borne disease require actual epidemiological data to better assess and anticipate the risk of (re)emergence of tick-borne diseases in the region. To simplify and reduce the costs of such large-scale surveys, we implemented a high-throughput microfluidic real-time PCR system suitable for the screening of the main bacterial and parasitic genera involved in tick-borne disease and potentially circulating in the area. We used the new screening tool to perform an exploratory epidemiological study on 132 adult specimens of <i>Amblyomma</i> <i>variegatum</i> and 446 of <i>Rhipicephalus</i> <i>microplus</i> collected in Guadeloupe and Martinique. Not only the system was able to detect the main pathogens of the area-<i>Ehrlichia</i> <i>ruminantium</i>, <i>Rickettsia</i> <i>africae</i>, <i>Anaplasma</i> <i>marginale</i>, <i>Babesia</i> <i>bigemina</i> and <i>Babesia</i> <i>bovis</i>-but the system also provided evidence of unsuspected microorganisms in Caribbean ticks, belonging to the <i>Anaplasma</i>, <i>Ehrlichia</i>, <i>Borrelia</i> and <i>Leishmania</i> genera. Our study demonstrated how high-throughput microfluidic real-time PCR technology can assist large-scale epidemiological studies, providing a rapid overview of tick-borne pathogen and microorganism diversity, and opening up new research perspectives for the epidemiology of tick-borne pathogens.