gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Indicial response functions of growth and remodeling of common bile duct postobstruction (2004)

Biliary duct obstruction is an important clinical condition that stems from cholelithiasis, the neoplasm in the wall or, most commonly, gallbladder stones. The objective of this study is to understand the structural and mechanical remodeling of the common bile duct (CBD) postobstruction. Porcine CBD was ligated near the duodenum that increased the duct's pressure from 6.4 to 18.3 cmH(2)O in the first 12 h and to 30.7 cmH(2)O after 32 days. The remodeling process was studied after 3 h, 12 h, 2 days, 8 days, and 32 days (n = 5 in each group) after obstruction. One additional animal in each group was sham operated. At each scheduled time, the time course of change of morphometry (diameter, length, wall thickness, etc.) and mechanical properties (stress, strain, etc.) was documented. It was found that the diameter increased by about threefold and the wall thickness of the CBD doubled in the 32-day group compared with the sham group (P < 0.001). The stress and strain increased initially with increase in pressure but recovered to near the control values by day 32 due to the structural and mechanical adaptations. Hence, the net effect of the structural and mechanical remodeling is to restore the stress and strain to their homeostatic values. Furthermore, the strain recovers more rapidly and more completely than stress. Finally, the remodeling data were expressed mathematically in terms of indicial response functions (IRF), i.e., change of a particular feature of a CBD in response to a unit step change of the pressure. The IRF approach provides a quantitative description of the remodeling process in the CBD.
Friction and Durability of Chemisorbed Organic Lubricants for Microelectromechanical Systems (1999)

Processing constraints on materials for micromachines frequently result in self-mated contacts. Adhesion aside, this situation is undesirable from a tribological perspective. Friction and wear at such contacts can be mitigated with the use of surface treatments. We describe methods for quantifying the tribological behavior of surface treatments for polycrystalline silicon in surface micromachining. Results of scanning probe microscopy to examine the frictional behavior of contacts at the nanoscale are discussed. We also discuss the use of specially fabricated testers for quantifying the friction between sidewalls of polycrystalline silicon structures. As examples of application of these techniques, we present results of surface treatment of silicon surfaces with silane-based coupling agents as molecular scale lubricants.
1093 SENSITIVITY OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE PROTON SPIN-SPIN RELAXATION TIME AS AN INDEX OF MUSCLE ACTIVATION (1994)

Yue, G.; Alexander, A. L.; Laidlaw, D. H.; Gmitro, A. F.; Unger, E. C.; Enoka, R. M. Author Information
Phase Collapse in Neural Networks (2021)

Deep convolutional classifiers linearly separate image classes and improve accuracy as depth increases. They progressively reduce the spatial dimension whereas the number of channels grows with depth. Spatial variability is therefore transformed into variability along channels. A fundamental challenge is to understand the role of non-linearities together with convolutional filters in this transformation. ReLUs with biases are often interpreted as thresholding operators that improve discrimination through sparsity. This paper demonstrates that it is a different mechanism called phase collapse which eliminates spatial variability while linearly separating classes. We show that collapsing the phases of complex wavelet coefficients is sufficient to reach the classification accuracy of ResNets of similar depths. However, replacing the phase collapses with thresholding operators that enforce sparsity considerably degrades the performance. We explain these numerical results by showing that the iteration of phase collapses progressively improves separation of classes, as opposed to thresholding non-linearities.
Bond and part strength in fused deposition modeling (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the factors governing bond strength in fused deposition modeling (FDM) compared to strength in the fiber direction. Design/methodology/approach Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) boxes with the thickness of a single fiber were made at different platform and nozzle temperatures, print speeds, fiber widths and layer heights to produce multiple specimens for measuring the strength. Findings Specimens produced with the fibers oriented in the tensile direction had 95 per cent of the strength of the constitutive filament. Bond strengths ranged from 40 to 85 per cent of the filament strength dependent on the FDM processing conditions. Diffusion, wetting and intimate contact all separately affect bond strength. Practical implications This study provides processing recommendations for producing the strongest FDM parts. The needs for higher nozzle temperatures and more robust feed motors are described; these recommendations can be useful for companies producing FDM products as well as companies designing FDM printers. Originality/value This is the first study that discusses wetting and intimate contact separately in FDM, and the results suggest that a fundamental, non-empirical model for predicting FDM bond strength can be developed based on healing models. Additionally, the role of equilibration time at the start of extrusion as well as a motor torque limitation while trying to print at high speeds are described.
Toward Structural Dynamics: Protein Motions Viewed by Chemical Shift Modulations and Direct Detection of C′N Multiple-Quantum Relaxation (2010)

Multiple quantum relaxation in proteins reveals unexpected relationships between correlated or anti-correlated conformational backbone dynamics in alpha-helices or beta-sheets. The contributions of conformational exchange to the relaxation rates of C'N coherences (i.e., double- and zero-quantum coherences involving backbone carbonyl (13)C' and neighboring amide (15)N nuclei) depend on the kinetics of slow exchange processes, as well as on the populations of the conformations and chemical shift differences of (13)C' and (15)N nuclei. The relaxation rates of C'N coherences, which reflect concerted fluctuations due to slow chemical shift modulations (CSMs), were determined by direct (13)C detection in diamagnetic and paramagnetic proteins. In well-folded proteins such as lanthanide-substituted calbindin (CaLnCb), copper,zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn SOD), and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP12), slow conformational exchange occurs along the entire backbone. Our observations demonstrate that relaxation rates of C'N coherences arising from slow backbone dynamics have positive signs (characteristic of correlated fluctuations) in beta-sheets and negative signs (characteristic of anti-correlated fluctuations) in alpha-helices. This extends the prospects of structure-dynamics relationships to slow time scales that are relevant for protein function and enzymatic activity.
Stress-Dependent Effects of Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-BB on Fibroblast Migration and Traction Differ in Collagen and Fibrin (2000)

Abstract We used our novel assays of cell behavior in tissue equivalents to study the dose-response effects of PDGF-BB on RDF migration and traction in mechanically stressed and stress-free type I collagen and fibrin gels. PDGF-BB increased fibroblast migration significantly in all assays, but the effects on traction depended on the presence of stress and the nature of the ECM. PDGF-BB decreased fibroblast traction in stressed collagen gels, but increased traction in stress-free gels. No statistical conclusion could be inferred for stressed fibrin gels, and increasing PDGF-BB decreased traction in stress-free fibrin gels. These results demonstrate the complex response of fibroblasts to environmental cues, and point to opportunities to orchestrate cell behavior to affect the outcome of wound healing.
Auditory‐Somatosensory Integration and Cortical Plasticity in Musical Training (2009)

Learning to play a musical instrument requires complex multimodal skills involving simultaneous perception of several sensory modalities: auditory, visual, and somatosensory as well as the motor system. Musical training thus provides an adequate neuroscientific model to study multimodal integration and plasticity in musical training. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of short-term uni- and multimodal musical training on auditory-somatosensory integration and plasticity. Two groups of nonmusicians were musically trained. The first group (sensorimotor-auditory group, SA) learned to play a musical sequence on the piano, whereas the second one (auditory group, A) actively listened to and made judgments about the correctness of the music. The training-induced cortical plasticity effect was assessed by recording musically elicited mismatch negativity (MMN) from magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measurements before and after training. The SA group showed significant enlargement of MMN after training compared to the A group, reflecting greater enhancement of musical representations in auditory cortex after sensorimotor-auditory training compared to mere auditory training. This study demonstrates that the sensorimotor and auditory systems integrate and that this multimodal training causes cortical reorganizational changes in the auditory cortex over and above the changes introduced by auditory training alone.
Reevaluation, using intact cells, of the exclusion limit and role of porin OprF in Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane permeability (1992)

Earlier studies that used model membrane reconstitution methods have come to different conclusions regarding the exclusion limit of the outer membrane of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and whether OprF is the major channel-forming protein in the outer membrane. In this study, a 6.2-kbp SalI fragment, encoding only two cytoplasmic enzymes, alpha-galactosidase and sucrose hydrolase, and the inner membrane raffinose permease, was cloned behind the m-toluate-inducible tol promoter of vector pNM185 to create plasmid pFB71. P. aeruginosa strains harboring pFB71, when grown with inducer, produced both enzymes encoded by the insert and had acquired the ability to grow on the disaccharide melibiose and the trisaccharide raffinose. The rate of growth was dependent on the concentration and size of the saccharide and was decreased three- to fivefold by the absence of OprF, as examined by measuring the growth on melibiose and raffinose of an isogenic OprF-deficient omega insertion derivative, H636(pFB71). At high concentrations, di-, tri-, and tetrasaccharides could pass across the outer membrane to plasmolyze P. aeruginosa, as measured by light scattering and confirmed by electron microscopy. The initial rate kinetics of light-scattering changes were dependent on the size of the saccharide being used. Furthermore, the rates of change in light scattering due to raffinose and stachyose uptake across the outer membrane for strain H636 were fivefold or more lower than for its OprF-sufficient parent H103. These data are consistent with model membrane studies showing that OprF is the most predominant porin for compounds larger than disaccharides in P. aeruginosa and suggest that the exclusion limit for this porin and the outer membrane is greater than the size of a tetrasaccharide. In addition, these data confirmed the existence of other porins with a predominant function in monosaccharide uptake and a more minor function in the uptake of larger saccharides.
Basic Study on Development of Rehabilitation Training System Using ER Actuators. (2001)

Robot and virtual reality technologies may be applied to rehabilitation training so that fewer human therapists are needed, training can be quantitatively evaluated, and training can be more enjoyable to patients. A training system in rehabilitation can use robot or other virtual reality technologies, but it must be far safer than ordinary industrial robot systems. The authors have been studying actuators, which are safe and easy to control, and have developed force display systems using such actuators. As an application of force display technology, they have developed a rehabilitation training system using ER actuators. The authors have also developed a computer program for the system, which evaluates the physical capability of the upper limbs of patients and assists in their rehabilitation training. This paper is a summary of the basic experiments with the system as applied at a hospital to patients suffering from upper limb paralysis.
Management of Hypertension in Patients Receiving Dialysis (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Enhanced Secondary Frequency Control via Distributed Peer-to-Peer Communication (2014)

Distributed generation resources have become significantly more prevalent in the electric power system over the past few years. This warrants reconsideration on how the coordination of generation resources is achieved. In this paper, we particularly focus on secondary frequency control and how to enhance it by exploiting peer-to-peer communication among the resources. We design a control framework based on a consensus-plus-global-innovation approach, which guarantees bringing the frequency back to its nominal value. The control signals of the distributed resources are updated in response to a global innovation corresponding to the ACE signal, and additional information exchanged via communication among neighboring resources. We show that such a distributed control scheme can be very well approximated by a PI controller and can stabilize the system. Moreover, since our control scheme takes advantage of both the ACE signal and peer-to-peer communication, simulation results demonstrate that our control scheme can stabilize the system significantly faster than the AGC framework. Also, an important feature of our scheme is that it performs $cε$-close to the centralized optimal economic dispatch, where $c$ is a positive constant depending only on the cost parameters and the communication topology and $ε$ denotes the maximum rate of change of overall system.
Interactions of Graphene Oxide Nanomaterials with Natural Organic Matter and Metal Oxide Surfaces (2014)

Interactions of graphene oxide (GO) nanomaterials with natural organic matter (NOM) and metal oxide surfaces were investigated using a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). Three different types of NOM were studied: Suwannee River humic and fulvic acids (SRHA and SRFA) and alginate. Aluminum oxide surface was used as a model metal oxide surface. Deposition trends show that GO has the highest attachment on alginate, followed by SRFA, SRHA, and aluminum oxide surfaces, and that GO displayed higher interactions with all investigated surfaces than with silica. Deposition and release behavior of GO on aluminum oxide surface is very similar to positively charged poly-L-lysine-coated surface. Higher interactions of GO with NOM-coated surfaces are attributed to the hydroxyl, epoxy, and carboxyl functional groups of GO; higher deposition on alginate-coated surfaces is attributed to the rougher surface created by the extended conformation of the larger alginate macromolecules. Both ionic strength (IS) and ion valence (Na(+) vs Ca(2+)) had notable impact on interactions of GO with different environmental surfaces. Due to charge screening, increased IS resulted in greater deposition for NOM-coated surfaces. Release behavior of deposited GO varied significantly between different environmental surfaces. All surfaces showed significant release of deposited GO upon introduction of low IS water, indicating that deposition of GO on these surfaces is reversible. Release of GO from NOM-coated surfaces decreased with IS due to charge screening. Release rates of deposited GO from alginate-coated surface were significantly lower than from SRHA and SRFA-coated surfaces due to trapping of GO within the rough surface of the alginate layer.
Celebrating Our Editorial Advisory Board (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVEditorialNEXTCelebrating Our Editorial Advisory BoardMichael J. SailorMichael J. SailorMore by Michael J. Sailorhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-4809-9826Cite this: ACS Sens. 2020, 5, 12, 3652Publication Date (Web):December 8, 2020Publication History Received23 November 2020Published online8 December 2020Published inissue 24 December 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acssensors.0c02447https://doi.org/10.1021/acssensors.0c02447editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views623Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (669 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Electrochemical detection,Elements,Oxides,Peptides and proteins,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Large fragments of nef‐protein and gp110 envelope glycoprotein from HIV‐1 (1990)

Chemical synthesis of large peptide fragments (from 18 to 66 amino acid residues long) of the gp110 envelope glycoprotein and of nef-protein from HIV-1 was achieved by the solid phase method. Stepwise assembling of the peptide chains was carried out automatically on 4-(oxymethyl)-phenylacetamidomethyl resin using the N-alpha-butyloxycarbonyl amino acids with benzyl-based side chain protecting groups. Two elongation protocols were used depending on the peptide chain length: a standard cycle, mainly characterized by a single coupling step (Boc-amino acid symmetrical anhydride in dimethylformamide), and an optimized one for large peptides, based on a double coupling strategy (Boc-amino acid symmetrical anhydride first in dimethylformamide, then in dichloromethane). Final cleavage of the peptide from the solid support was carried out by anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and crude peptides were purified by C18 reverse phase medium pressure liquid chromatography after molecular filtration. Characterization of the purified peptides was done by analytical HPLC, amino acid content determination, and circular dichroism analysis both in polar (H2O) and in non-polar (TFE) environments. Immunoreactivity of anti-nef positive sera from HIV-1 infected patients by ELISA with the synthetic peptides was investigated. The results showed four major antigenic regions of nef-protein and mainly the immunodominance of the N- and C-termini of the molecule. Several of these peptides should prove to be useful for both diagnosis and vaccination purposes.
Hydraulic filter for a ternary-solvent gradient-elution device (1983)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Flavonoids from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger Inhibit the Invasion of LnCaP Prostate Carcinoma Cells by Inactivating Akt and Modulating Tight Junctions (2013)

Tight junctions (TJs) are a mode of cell-to-cell adhesion in epithelial or endothelial cells, and serve as a physical barrier to maintenance of homeostasis in body by controlling paracellular transport. Claudins are the most important molecules of the TJs, but paradoxically these proteins are frequently over-expressed in cancers and their overexpression is implicated in the invasive potential of cancer. Hence, we investigated the effects of flavonoids extracted from Orostachys japonicus A. Berger (FEOJ) on TJs and the expression of claudins as well as cancer invasion along with in LnCaP human prostate cancer. FEOJ suppressed cancer cell motility and invasiveness at the concentrations where FEOJ did not show anti-proliferative activity. FEOJ increased transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) associated with tightening TJs, and suppressed expression of claudin proteins. Furthermore, FEOJ suppressed the activities of MMP-2 and -9 in a dose-dependent manner, which came from the activation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) by FEOJ. FEOJ suppressed migration and invasion by suppressing PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Taken together, this study suggest that FEOJ suppresses cancer migration and invasion by tightening TJs through the suppression of claudin expression, and by suppressing MMPs in LnCaP human prostate cancer cells, which at least in part results from the suppression of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.
Cryogenic RF switch using III-nitride MOSHFETs (2009)

The cryogenic operation of a low-loss RF switch using a AlGaN/GaN metal-oxide semiconductor heterostructure field effect transistor is reported. At 77K the channel resistance of the MOSHFET is three times lower and the contact resistance is 20% lower compared to room temperature. As a result, the performance of the MOSHFET RF switch at 77K is even superior to that at room temperature.
Rigorous diffraction analysis of metallic binary gratings (1985)

Recently, surface relief dielectric and metallic gratings have generated great interest for diffractive optics applications. High quality gratings with deep grooves and small grating periods have been recently fabricated using electron-beam technology and using holographic techniques. These gratings exhibit high diffraction efficiencies as predicted by theoretical calculations. 1 In this work the rigorous coupled-wave analysis is applied to metallic binary gratings with groove depths and grating periods comparable to the wavelength of light. Two practical binary gratings are considered (a) bulk finite conductivity gratings and (b) dielectric gratings with finite conductivity metallic coatings. Diffraction characteristics, including the angular and wavelength selectivities and their dependence on groove depth, aspect ratio, and polarization are presented and compared to the diffraction characteristics of infinite conductivity gratings. The approximation of infinite conductivity is shown to give very inaccurate results.
VLSI Design of DFE Equalizer for ATSC DTxR System (2008)

This paper presents a RTL design of DFE (Decision Feedback Equalizer) for DTxR distributed repeater. Distributed transmission is a key technology of SFN (Single Frequency Network) applied to the ATSC system for terrestrial digital television. DTxR system consist of receiver part, TxID generation & insertion part, and remodulation part. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of pipelined DFE equalizer design for DTxR receiver part, which includes computer simulation results, hardware implementation technology, and Lab test results for DTxR system design and performance evaluation.