gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of affective words on lexical decision task in major depression. (1994)

In cognitive science, lexical decision task is used to investigate visual word recognition and lexical access. The issue of whether or not individuals who are depressed differ in their access to affectively laden words and specifically to words that have negative affect was examined. Based on some aspects of the Resource Allocation Model (Ellis), it was postulated that patients suffering from depression take more time to recognize items from an affective-loaded list. In order to compare their behavior in a lexical decision task, patients suffering from depression and healthy controls were studied. We hoped to find an interaction between the mood state of subjects and the categories (affective or neutral) of words. Two groups of right-handed adults served as subjects in our experiment. The first group consisted of 11 patients suffering from depression (mean age: 40.2; sd: 6.8). All of this group met the DSM-III-R and the Research Diagnostic Criteria for major depressive disorder. Severity of their disease was rated using the 24-item Hamilton Depressive Rating Scale. All patients suffering from depression were without psychotropic medication. The control group was composed of 24 subjects (mean age: 32.7; sd: 7.9). A depressive word-list and a neutral word-list were built and a computer was used for the lexical-decision task. A longer reaction time to detect the non-word stimuli (F1,33 = 11.19, p < 0.01) was observed with the patients by comparison to the normal subjects. In the analysis of the word stimuli, a group by list interaction (F1,33 = 7.18, p < 0.01) was found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hydrophilic Polycarbonates: Promising Degradable Alternatives to Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Stealth Materials (2015)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) represents the gold standard for stealth polymers in polymer-based therapeutic delivery. Unfortunately, PEG has some limitations which warrant the examination of alternative polymers. High molecular weight PEG (>40 kDa) can accumulate in tissue, and in some patients, PEG can provoke an immunological response and/or an accelerated blood clearance upon repeated exposure. As an alternative to PEG, water-soluble, nonfouling polycarbonates have been developed. These hydrophilic polycarbonates, prepared by acid-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization, contain hydroxyl groups attached to the polymer side chain via an amide linkage. These materials offer an enzymatically and hydrolytically degradable alternative to PEG. The results of cell viability studies and LD50 studies indicate that these materials have minimal toxicity. Nonfouling behavior and the ability to resist/reduce aggregation with proteins were demonstrated. Diblock copolymers were also synthesized to demonstrate that these polymers can be utilized for micellar drug delivery systems.
The ATF6 pathway of the ER stress response contributes to enhanced viability in glioblastoma (2015)

Therapeutic resistance is a major barrier to improvement of outcomes for patients with glioblastoma. The endoplasmic reticulum stress response (ERSR) has been identified as a contributor to chemoresistance in glioblastoma; however the contributions of the ERSR to radioresistance have not been characterized. In this study we found that radiation can induce ER stress and downstream signaling associated with the ERSR. Induction of ER stress appears to be linked to changes in ROS balance secondary to irradiation. Furthermore, we observed global induction of genes downstream of the ERSR in irradiated glioblastoma. Knockdown of ATF6, a regulator of the ERSR, was sufficient to enhance radiation induced cell death. Also, we found that activation of ATF6 contributes to the radiation-induced upregulation of glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and NOTCH1. Our results reveal ATF6 as a potential therapeutic target to enhance the efficacy of radiation therapy.
Hybrid latch Flip-Flop with Improved Power Efficiency (2000)

An improved design of a hybrid latch flip-flop is presented. The proposed design overcomes the problem of the glitch at the output and reduces the power consumption and delay of the circuit resulting in a total power-delay-product improvement of about 20%. It also exhibits better soft-clock edge properties compared to the original circuit. This is accomplished by careful design of keeper elements and introducing the feedback path to suppress unnecessary transitions in the circuit. The new design introduces an insignificant area increase.
Fast automatic order estimation of rational macromodels for signal integrity analysis (2007)

A simple rule of thumb is proposed for automatic model order estimation of the rational macromodels for passive components and systems. Based on an analysis of the dynamic behavior of the (measured or simulated) frequency domain scattering parameters, upper and lower bounds for the number of poles are proposed. Several interconnection examples with different complexity are presented to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed approach.
Low-dose cyclosporin A therapy in cadaver renal transplantation in children (1989)

Abstract. Fifty-one pediatric patients undergoing a first cadaveric kidney transplantation were followed for at least 2 years after grafting. They were divided into two groups: those treated with methylprednisolone plus azathioprine (AZA) and those treated with methylprednisolone plus low-dose cyclosporin A (CyA; median dose 109 mg/m2per day ± 3. 4 mg/kg per day after 1 year). The steroid dosage given was significantly lower in the second group. The 4-year graft survival rate was 68% for the AZA group and 78% for the CyA group. Renal function did not differ significantly in the two groups; after 1, 2, and 3 years, the median 24-h creatinine clearance was 79, 69, and 51 ml/min/1. 73 m2 respectively, for the AZA group and 78, 63, and 68 ml/min/1. 73 m2 respectively, for the CyA group. Linear growth was similar in the two groups. We conclude that in pediatric patients the results of low-dose CyA immuno-suppression do not differ significantly from those obtained with AZA in terms of graft survival, renal function, or growth.
The Cardiorenal Syndrome (2011)

This special issue of the International Journal of Nephrology is the first nephrology journal edition devoted solely to the discussion of the cardiorenal syndrome and represents a landmark state-of-the-art discussion on such pathological entity. The cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) was first officially defined at a consensus conference of the Acute Dialysis Quality Initiative in 2009 [1]. This definition was made in the attempt to characterize and classify the various connections between acute and chronic heart and kidney disease. Although well known, heart and kidney interactions had not been clearly defined in the past nor were they completely elucidated and classified. The consensus conference defined 5 forms of heart-kidney interaction that would lay the foundation for both a common language in describing patients suffering from these syndromes as well as forming a schema for further research. The consensus conference recognized that communication between the heart and kidneys occurs through a variety of pathways that in the healthy state modulate cardiac output, vascular tone, maintenance of volume state, and excretion of waste products. However, a change in the performance of one of these organs elicits a cascade of mediators that affects the other and leads to a spiral of mutual organ dysfunction.
Design of Clinical Trials in Acute Kidney Injury (2012)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a complex clinical problem associated with significant short-term morbidity and mortality and lacking effective pharmacologic interventions. Patients with AKI experience longer-term risks for progressive chronic ESRD, which diminish patients' health-related quality of life and create a larger burden on the healthcare system. Although experimental models have yielded numerous promising agents, translation into clinical practice has been unsuccessful, possibly because of issues in clinical trial design, such as delayed drug administration, masking of therapeutic benefit by adverse events, and inadequate sample size. To address issues of clinical trial design, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases sponsored a workshop titled "Clinical Trials in Acute Kidney Injury: Current Opportunities and Barriers" in December 2010. Workshop participants included representatives from academia, industry, and government agencies whose areas of expertise spanned basic science, clinical nephrology, critical care medicine, biostatistics, pharmacology, and drug development. This document summarizes the discussions of collaborative workgroups that addressed issues related to patient selection, study endpoints, the role of novel biomarkers, sample size and power calculations, and adverse events and pilot/feasibility studies in prevention and treatment of AKI. Companion articles outline the discussions of workgroups for model trials related to prevention or treatment of established AKI in different clinical settings, such as in patients with sepsis.
Changes in inferior vena cava area represent a more sensitive metric than changes in filling pressures during experimental manipulation of intravascular volume and tone (2021)

Inferior vena cava area can be remotely and accurately measured in real time with a wireless implantable sensor. Changes in IVC area are more sensitive than corresponding changes in filling pressures following experimental volume loading and fluid redistribution. Additional research is warranted to understand if remote monitoring of the IVC may have advantages over pressure-based monitors in HF.
MicroRNA dysregulational synergistic network: discovering microRNA dysregulatory modules across subtypes in non-small cell lung cancers (2018)

The results indicated that our method improves microRNA biomarker selection by detecting similar microRNA dysregulational synergistic patterns across the multiple subtypes. Since microRNA-target dysregulations are implicated in many cancers, we believe this tool can have broad applications for discovery of novel microRNA biomarkers in heterogeneous cancer diseases.
Effect of estrone on the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat: a model of postmenopausal breast cancer. (1994)

Estradiol (E2) is well known as stimulator of the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary tumors. The effect of estrone (E1), however, has not been described in this model of human breast cancer. As E1 is the predominant estrogen precursor in postmenopausal women, we have investigated the effect of this steroid and, simultaneously, the potential role of the enzyme required for interconversion of the weak estrogen E1 into the potent estrogen E2, namely 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, in the growth of DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Treatment for 20 days of ovariectomized animals bearing DMBA-induced mammary tumors with twice daily doses of 0.375, 0.75, 1.5, and 3.0 micrograms E1 increased total tumor area by 48%, 101%, 116%, and 129%, respectively. Treatment with the highest dose of E1 increased progesterone receptor levels by 20.4- and 2.3-fold in the DMBA-induced tumors and uterus, respectively. After treatment with E1, the concentration of this steroid was similar in the serum and tumor tissue, whereas concentrations of E2 were approximately 3-fold higher in the tumor tissue compared to serum. Treatment with a 1.0-microgram dose of E1 caused a 60% increase in tumoral 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in ovariectomized animals, thus favoring E2 formation from E1 in tumors. In addition, treatment with the 1.0-microgram dose of E1 or 0.1 microgram E2 gave similar stimulatory effects on tumor growth and uterine weight in ovariectomized animals; the values were comparable to those found in intact animals. The present data indicate that ovariectomized rats bearing DMBA-induced mammary tumors and treated with E1 can be a useful model of postmenopausal breast cancer.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Characterization of a Naturally Occurring Breast Cancer Subset Enriched in Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Stem Cell Characteristics (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 2&lt;/p&gt;
A Method to Identify Significant Clusters in Gene Expression Data (2002)

Clustering algorithms have been widely applied to gene expression data. For both hierarchical and partitioning clustering algorithms, selecting the number of significant clusters is an important problem and many methods have been proposed. Existing methods for selecting the number of clusters tend to find only the global patterns in the data (e.g.: the over and under expressed genes). We have noted the need for a better method in the gene expression context, where small, biologically meaningful clusters can be difficult to identify. In this paper, we define a new criteria, Mean Split Silhouette (MSS), which is a measure of cluster heterogeneity. We propose to choose the number of clusters as the minimizer of MSS. In this way, the number of significant clusters is defined as that which produces the most homogeneous clusters. The power of this method compared to existing methods is demonstrated on simulated microarray data. The minimum MSS method is an example of a general approach that can be applied to any clustering routine with any global criteria.
MIMEB: A phase II trial to evaluate FDG-PET/FLT-PET, DCE-MRI and molecular biomarkers for early prediction of nonprogression in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer treated with erlotinib and bevacizumab. (2014)

e19049^ Background: Molecular imaging tools gain in importance for assessment of pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics, prognosis and prediction of therapeutic outcome in patients with advanced NSCLC treated with targeted therapy. We set up a prospective clinical trial in order to assess the predictive value of early changes in tumor metabolism (by FDG-PET), proliferation (by FLT-PET), and tumor vascularization (by DCE-MRI) noninvasively during therapy with erlotinib and bevacizumab in previously untreated patients with advanced non-squamous cell NSCLC. Methods: Patients with non-squamous NSCLC stage IV without prior systemic therapy received at least six weeks of combined erlotinib and bevacizumab. FLT and FDG-PET scans as well as DCE-MRI-scans were performed at baseline, after one week of therapy and after six weeks of therapy. Standard uptake values (SUVs) of the PET scans and vascularization parameters of the DCE-MRI scans were analyzed, coregistrated and compared with each other. The molecular markers were assessed using next-generation sequencing (NGS) and staining for an angiogenic phenotype. Results: Changes in FDG and FLT uptake after 1 week of therapy predicted nonprogression after 6 weeks of therapy with an area under the ROC curve of 0.75 (p=0.02) and 0.72 (p=0.045), respectively, in 38 evaluable patients. In 86% of the patients, ktrans in DCE-MRI showed a reduction after one week of therapy, while repeated baseline assessments showed reproducibility in a subset of patients. Beside patients with sensitizing EGFR mutations, clinical benefit could be seen in patients with PIK3CA, KRAS and ALK mutations. In these patients, both reduction of PET tracer uptake and ktrans in DCE-MRI could be detected. Conclusions: Imaging-based predictive biomarkers to identify the subpopulation of patients with pronounced benefit of the combination of erlotinib with bevacizumab were successfully added to the molecular-based selection of patients. Results of the ongoing analysis for evaluation of imaging analysis and correlation with tissue-based biomarkers will be presented. Clinical trial information: NCT01047059.
ChemInform Abstract: THE SYNTHESIS OF ANNULATED 3‐CYANO‐2‐PYRIDONES (1980)

Abstract 2H‐1,4‐Benzothiazin‐3(4H)‐ thion (I) wird zu (II) methyliert und weiter mit (III) zum Olefin (IV) kondensiert.
The Ru(ii)-supported heptatungstates [HXW7O28Ru(dmso)3]6–(X = P, As) (2005)

The ruthenium(II)-supported heteropolyanions [HXW7O28Ru(dmso)3]6-(X=P, 1; As, 2) are composed of a Ru(dmso)3 group attached to an unprecedented heptatungstate fragment via two Ru-O-W bonds and one Ru-O-X bond, which represents a fundamentally novel mode of Ru-coordination to a polyoxoanion framework. Multinuclear 183W, 31P, 13C, and 1H NMR studies indicate high stability of 1 and 2 in solution.
Quantitative Measurement of Nano‐/Microparticle Endocytosis by Cell Mass Spectrometry (2010)

Vollzählig angetreten? Massenspektrometrie an Zellen wurde angewendet, um zu bestimmen, wie viele Gold- und Polystyrol-Nano-/Mikropartikel aufgenommen werden (siehe Bild). Die Menge an Goldnanopartikeln war ähnlich wie bei massenspektrometrischen Messungen mit induktiv gekoppeltem Plasma – eine Technik, die sich nicht zur Analyse der Aufnahme nichtmetallischer Partikel in Zellen eignet.
Anderson Localization Light Guiding in a Two-Phase Glass (2022)

Anderson localization has been realized in several different systems over the years. In this paper we describe a rather unique manifestation of the phenomenon occurring in a two-phase glass composition that guides light. The glasses are a borate or alkali borosilicate composition that when heated separates into two distinct phases of different compositions, a high index phase and a low index phase. When the glass is heated with a specific thermal schedule to develop the phase separation it is then drawn into a rod or fiber, the particulate phase forms elongated strands resulting in a random cross-sectional refractive index pattern. This pattern of refractive index is maintained along the length producing a light guiding behavior over a significant distance that we propose is a manifestation of an Anderson localization phenomenon.
Flow dynamics, binding and detachment of spherical carriers targeted to ICAM-1 on endothelial cells (2009)

Vascular drug delivery by administration of carriers targeted to endothelial surface determinants, such as intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1), holds considerable promise to improve disease treatment. As a model to define elusive factors controlling the interplay between carrier motion in the bloodstream and its interactions with molecular targets in the endothelial wall, we used 1 mum beads coated with ICAM-1 monoclonal antibody (Ab) at 370, 1100 or 4100 Ab/microm2. Carriers were perfused at two shear rates over resting or activated endothelial cells, expressing minimum vs. maximum ICAM-1 levels, to determine carrier rolling, binding and detachment. Even at 0.1 Pa and 4100 Ab/microm2, carriers attached only to activated cells (21 fold increase over resting cells), ideal for specific drug targeting to sites of pathology. Binding was increased by raising the Ab surface density on the carrier, e.g., 59.4+/-11.1% increase for carriers having 4100 vs. 1100 Ab/microm2, as a consequence of decreased rolling velocity. Carrier binding was stable even under a high shear stress: carriers with 1100 and 4100 Ab/microm2 withstand shear stress over 3 Pa without detaching from the cells. This is further supported by theoretical modeling. These results will guide vascular targeting of drug carriers via rational design of experimentally tunable parameters.
Human Granulocyte Phosphoglycerate Kinase. Purification by Double Affinity Elution and Immunological Study (1976)

Human phosphoglycerate kinase has been totally purified from leukemic granulocytes by double 'affinity elution' with ATP and 3-phosphoglycerate. This purification procedure allowed to obtain 19 mg of protein, specific activity of which was 400 IU/mg i.e. a 105-fold purification and an overall yield of 47%. Purified enzyme was homogenous when tested by acrylamide sodium dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis and immunodiffusion. Specific antibodies raised in rabbits totally inactivated phosphoglycerate kinase of crude extracts as well as of the purified preparation. The molecular specific activity (i.e. the ratio enzyme activity/immunological reactivity) was identical in leukocytes, platelets, erythrocytes and was identical in these cells to the value found for the totally purified phosphoglycerate kinase.
The Horcrux Protocol: A Method for Decentralized Biometric-based\n Self-sovereign Identity (2017)

Most user authentication methods and identity proving systems rely on a\ncentralized database. Such information storage presents a single point of\ncompromise from a security perspective. If this system is compromised it poses\na direct threat to users' digital identities. This paper proposes a\ndecentralized authentication method, called the Horcrux protocol, in which\nthere is no such single point of compromise. The protocol relies on\ndecentralized identifiers (DIDs) under development by the W3C Verifiable Claims\nCommunity Group and the concept of self-sovereign identity. To accomplish this,\nwe propose specification and implementation of a decentralized biometric\ncredential storage option via blockchains using DIDs and DID documents within\nthe IEEE 2410-2017 Biometric Open Protocol Standard (BOPS).\n
Optical and quantum efficiency analysis of (Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 absorber layers (2009)

(Ag,Cu)(In,Ga)Se2 thin films have been deposited by elemental co-evaporation over a wide range of compositions and their optical properties characterized by transmission and reflection measurements and by relative shift analysis of quantum efficiency device measurements. The optical bandgaps were determined by performing linear fits of (αhν)2 vs. hν, and the quantum efficiency bandgaps were determined by relative shift analysis of device curves with fixed Ga/(In+Ga) composition, but varying Ag/(Cu+Ag) composition. The determined experimental optical bandgap ranges of the Ga/(In+Ga) = 0.31, 0.52, and 0.82 groups, with Ag/(Cu+Ag) ranging from 0 to 1, were 1.19-1.45 eV, 1.32-1.56 eV, and 1.52-1.76 eV, respectively. The optical bowing parameter of the different Ga/(In+Ga) groups was also determined.
Congestion in the ACTM model (2007)

The equilibria of a simplified Asymmetric Cell Transmission Model (ACTM model) and their stability properties are investigated to reveal some patterns of congestion.
Blocking Strategies against Financial Transmission Right's Market Power (2007)

A financial transmission right (FTR) give the holder the right to collect the congestion rent between two nodes, i.e. the difference in price between the two nodes multiplied by the number of contracts held. These contracts are intended to provide a hedging mechanism for market participants, thus reducing risk and inspiring more confidence in today's deregulated wholesale electricity markets. This paper presents a scenario to demonstrate how FTRs can confer market power on an otherwise powerless market player and then shows how adaptive agents can learn to block FTR's market power in a simulated power market.