gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison of Detection Schemes for MAC Layer Misbehavior (2007)

This paper revisits the problem of detecting greedy behavior in the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol by evaluating the performance of two previously proposed schemes: DOMINO and the sequential probability ratio test (SPRT). The evaluation is carried out in four steps. We first derive a new analytical formulation of the SPRT that takes into account the discrete nature of the problem. Then we develop a new tractable analytical model for DOMINO. As a third step, we evaluate the theoretical performance of SPRT and DOMINO with newly introduced metrics that take into account the repeated nature of the tests. This theoretical comparison provides two major insights into the problem: it confirms the optimality of SPRT and motivates us to define yet another test, a nonparametric CUSUM statistic that shares the same intuition as DOMINO but gives better performance. We finalize the paper with experimental results, confirming our theoretical analysis and validating the introduction of the new nonparametric CUSUM statistic.
A Novel Role for Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP1 in Controlling Glial Activation in the Normal and Injured Nervous System (2001)

Tyrosine phosphorylation regulated by protein tyrosine kinases and phosphatases plays an important role in the activation of glial cells. Here we examined the expression of intracellular protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP1 in the normal and injured adult rat and mouse CNS. Our study showed that in the intact CNS, SHP1 was expressed in astrocytes as well as in pyramidal cells in hippocampus and cortex. Axotomy of peripheral nerves and direct cortical lesion led to a massive upregulation of SHP1 in activated microglia and astrocytes, whereas the neuronal expression of SHP1 was not affected. In vitro experiments revealed that in astrocytes, SHP1 associates with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-receptor, whereas in microglia, SHP1 associates with colony-stimulating factor (CSF)-1-receptor. In postnatal and adult moth-eaten viable (me(v)/me(v)) mice, which are characterized by reduced SHP1 activity, a strong increase in reactive astrocytes, defined by GFAP immunoreactivity, was observed throughout the intact CNS, whereas neither the morphology nor the number of microglial cells appeared modified. Absence of (3)[H]-thymidine-labeled nuclei indicated that astrocytic proliferation does not occur. In response to injury, cell number as well as proliferation of microglia were reduced in me(v)/me(v) mice, whereas the posttraumatic astrocytic reaction did not differ from wild-type littermates. The majority of activated microglia in mutant mice showed rounded and ameboid morphology. However, the regeneration rate after facial nerve injury in me(v)/me(v) mice was similar to that in wild-type littermates. These results emphasize that SHP1 as a part of different signaling pathways plays an important role in the global regulation of astrocytic and microglial activation in the normal and injured CNS.
Progress towards structural understanding of infectious sheep PrP-amyloid (2014)

The still elusive structural difference of non-infectious and infectious amyloid of the mammalian prion protein (PrP) is a major pending milestone in understanding protein-mediated infectivity in neurodegenerative diseases. Preparations of PrP-amyloid proven to be infectious have never been investigated with a high-resolution technique. All available models to date have been based on low-resolution data. Here, we establish protocols for the preparation of infectious samples of full-length recombinant (rec) PrP-amyloid in NMR-sufficient amounts by spontaneous fibrillation and seeded fibril growth from brain extract. We link biological and structural data of infectious recPrP-amyloid, derived from bioassays, atomic force microscopy, and solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Our data indicate a semi-mobile N-terminus, some residues with secondary chemical shifts typical of α-helical secondary structure in the middle part between ∼115 to ∼155, and a distinct β-sheet core C-terminal of residue ∼155. These findings are not in agreement with all current models for PrP-amyloid. We also provide evidence that samples seeded from brain extract may not differ in the overall arrangement of secondary structure elements, but rather in the flexibility of protein segments outside the β-core region. Taken together, our protocols provide an essential basis for the high-resolution characterization of non-infectious and infectious PrP-amyloid in the near future.
Ni-based microvalves for flow modulation: Toward active combustion control (2011)

We report on the development of nickel-based micro diaphragms for fluid flow modulation in aerospace applications. We fabricated, assembled, and tested these nickel-based micro diaphragms in a prototype mesoscale fuel injector. A combination of deep reactive etching, silicon loss molding, electroplating, and conventional machining techniques were applied to form the mesoscale fuel injector and the nickel diaphragms. Modulation of fluid flow through the fuel injector was demonstrated with this nickel diaphragm functioning as a valve. The nickel diaphragms were characterized and the measured results were compared with finite element analysis results. The primary goal of this work is to demonstrate the concept of flow modulation using a nickel-based diaphragm, with future generations to be produced in silicon carbide, and the future application of such technologies in active combustion control to mitigate combustion instabilities when they occur.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convergent Approach to Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. (2012)

Abstract Radical addition and cyclization of xanthates (II) and (XII) affords ketones (III) and (XIII), respectively.
Synthesis and Exploration of Abscisic Acid Receptor Agonists Against Dought Stress by Adding Constraint to a Tetrahydroquinoline‐Based Lead Structure (2021)

Abstract New oxotetrahydroquinolinyl‐ and oxindolinyl sulfonamides interacting with RCAR/(PYR/PYL) receptor proteins were identified as lead structures against drought stress in crops starting from protein docking studies of a sulfonamide lead structure, followed by in‐depth SAR studies. Optimized five to six step synthetic approaches via substituted amino oxo‐tetrahydro‐quinolines and amino oxo‐indolines as essential intermediates gave access to the envisaged oxo‐tetrahydroquinolinyl and oxindolinyl sulfonamides. Whilst oxo‐tetrahydroquinolinyl sulfonamides with additional carbon substituents or spiro‐cycloalkyl groups exhibited only low to moderate target affinities, the corresponding spiro‐oxindolinyl and oxo‐tetrahydroquinolinyl sulfonamides carrying optimized N ‐substituents revealed strong interactions with RCAR/(PYR/PYL) receptor proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana . Remarkably, the in vitro activity observed for these new compounds was on the same level as observed for the naturally occurring plant hormone in line with strong efficacy against drought stress in‐vivo (canola and wheat as broad‐acre crops).
Effects of anorexigenic peptide on gastric and pancreatic secretion. (1981)

1. Gastric and pancreatic secretion as well as serum gastrin an insulin levels have been measured after sham-feeding, real feeding or exogenous hormonal stimulation in conscious dogs receiving (pyro) Glu-His-Gly, an appetite depressing peptide (AP). 2. Sham-feeding produced a marked increase in gastric acid and pepsin outputs accompanied by an elevation of serum gastrin and insulin concentrations. AP infusion before and after sham-feeding reduced the peak gastric secretion and suppressed gastrin and insulin responses to sham-feeding. 3. Liver extract meal administered into the stomach resulted in an increase in gastric acid and serum gastrin and insulin levels. AP inhibited acid response to liver extract without affecting serum hormonal levels. Pentagastrin stimulation produced similar acid secretion to that obtained with liver extract and AP infusion also inhibited this secretion. 4. Secretin infusion or feeding a meat meal produced a similar rate of pancreatic bicarbonate secretion in dogs with chronic pancreatic fistula. AP infusion inhibited the bicarbonate response to feeding or secretin without affecting serum gastrin or insulin levels. 5. This study demonstrates that pyro-Glo-His-Gly suppresses serum hormonal and gastric secretory response to cephalic stimulation and reduces gastrin and pancreatic secretory responses to ordinary feeding or exogenous hormonal stimuli.
Surface Chemistry and Spectroscopy of UG8 Asphaltene Langmuir Film, Part 2 (2010)

While there has been much focus on asphaltenes in toluene, there has been much less focus on asphaltenes in other solvents. It is important to quantify characteristics of asphaltenes in solvents besides toluene in order to better assess their molecular architecture as well as their fundamental aggregation characteristics. The present work focuses on the investigation of UG8 asphaltene Langmuir films at the air-water interface using chloroform as spreading solvent. The results are compared to the results recently obtained using toluene as spreading solvent. Surface pressure-area isotherms and UV-vis spectroscopy indicate that asphaltenes form smaller nanoaggregates in chloroform than in toluene in similar concentration ranges. Still these nanoaggreates share common features with those in toluene. From the surface pressure-area and compression-decompression isotherms, Brewster angle microscopy, and p-polarized infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy, it was concluded that small size aggregates are spread on the water surface and the compression of the film leads to formation of large aggregates. The films (Langmuir-Schaefer and Langmuir-Blodgett) studied by atomic force microscopy reveal the existence of nanoaggregates spread on the water surface that coexist with large aggregates formed during compression. In addition to these findings, the spreading solvent, chloroform, allows the determination of asphaltene absorption bands using in situ UV-vis spectroscopy at the air-water interface after 15 min waiting time period. The absorbance data carried out after waiting a time period of 1 h shows similar features with the ones carried out after only 15 min; therefore, there is no need to wait 1 h as in the case when toluene is used as spreading solvent. A comparison of the data obtained from chloroform and toluene shows that smaller aggregate sizes are obtained from chloroform as suggested from the surface pressure-area isotherm, in situ UV-vis spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. Nevertheless, the similarity of these nanoaggregates in different solvents suggests this formation is a fundamental property of asphaltenes. Moreover, the lack of the isolated absorption band for one-ring aromatics and only a small peak for two-ring aromatics in the UV spectrum of asphaltenes indicate that these groups are not present in asphaltenes in significant quantities.
Cavernous Sinus Exploration in Cushing’s Disease: Indications and Outcomes (2020)

Introduction: Microscopic and macroscopic cavernous sinus invasion by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secreting adenomas is associated with surgical failures and recurrence of Cushing's disease (CD). The adenoma will often invade the medial wall of the sinus without extending further into the cavernous sinus compartments, allowing gross total resection of the involved medial wall. It is crucial to identify the extent of cavernous sinus invasion during transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) to attempt potential gross total resection of the ACTH secreting adenomas in CD. Additionally, it is necessary to identify when gross total resection is not feasible to initiate early adjuvant sellar/parasellar radiation. Here, we present our experience with the indications, intraoperative findings, and outcomes of cavernous sinus exploration during TSS for CD.
Isolation of malassezia metabolites with powerful AHR activity from human skin. is there implication in skin cancer development? (2012)

Malassezia is a genus of human symbiotic yeasts that can become pathogenic under insufficiently understood conditions and have been correlated with skin diseases like seborrheic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor, dandruff etc affecting a major part of the global population. We have recently proposed that Malassezia could be a factor that promotes basal cell cancer due to the production of Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) inducers that can modify the immune system response and hyperactivate the CYP enzymes. When we investigated skin extracts from patients they showed 100–1000 times stronger AhR inducing activity than the skin extracts of healthy volunteers. Chemical analysis of the patients' extracts by LC/MS/MS revealed for the first time significant amounts of compounds like 6-formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ), indolo[3,2-b]carbazole (ICZ), malassezin, indirubin and pityriacitrin in human skin. The same compounds were also identified and isolated from Malassezia furfur extracts revealing their unequivocal origin. Indirubin and FICZ were found to be the two most active known AhR ligands even stronger than dioxin. Evaluation of their AhR inducing activity in human HepG2 cells transfected with a luciferase reporter gene at 6h showed EC50s 3.8×10-11 and 9.9×10-11 M respectively, in comparison with 5.2×10-10 M for dioxin.
EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR FREE AND COMPLEXED CYANIDE REMOVAL FROM A CHARACTERISTICALLY HAZARDOUS WASTEWATER (2005)

EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR FREE AND COMPLEXED CYANIDE REMOVAL FROM A CHARACTERISTICALLY HAZARDOUS WASTEWATERA treatment process was developed to treat high cyanide (CN-) wastewater from a former elemental phosphorus facility. A mixture of oxidation and precipitation processes was required to meet the Universal Treatment Standard of 1.2 mg/L for CN prior to disposal onsite. Destruction of iron-complexed cyanide posed the greatest challenge to meeting these limits, but the process developed was able to...Author(s)Jason C. RushingCharles B. BottJay R. BrummerJerry A. KeelySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 29: Industrial Issues & Treatment Technology: Novel Physical Chemical ProcessesDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2005ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20050101)2005:14L.2344;1-DOI10.2175/193864705783867341Volume / Issue2005 / 14Content sourceWEFTECFirst / last page(s)2344 - 2354Copyright2005Word count84
A Formulation of Synthesis for Dynamic and Flexible Structures by Means of Spring-segment Discretization (2000)

A formulation of structural synthesis to deal with flexible and dynamic behavior of a structure is presented on the basis of the spring-segment discretization. A flexible structural member, which induces geometrical nonlinearity, is discretized by means of straight segments connected by virtual coil springs. The equation of motion to describe the dynamic behavior of the flexible member is derived from Lagrange's equation of motion by applying Hamilton's principle in terms of the slope angles assigned to the segments. The time-history analysis of the motion associated with sensitivity analysis with respect to design variables is performed by Newmark β method. Owing to the sensitivity analysis, the change of the motion of the flexible member is approximated in the first-order with the change of the design variables. The governing equation of the design variable change is derived so as to make the approximated motion equal to prescribed one. A numerical example concerning with whip motion of a flexible bar demonstrates the validity of the proposed method.
Cyclocarya paliurus tea leaves enhances pancreatic β cell preservation through inhibition of apoptosis (2017)

Leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus are a sweet tea traditionally used to treat obesity and diabetes in China. However, its protective mechanisms against hyperglycemia remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate that the extract of C. paliurus leaves significantly decreased body loss, food intake and blood glucose level, and increased blood insulin level, β-cell number and insulin-producing β cells in high-fat diet-low dose STZ-induced diabetic mice. In vivo and in vitro studies also showed the extract of C. paliurus leaves significantly inhibited pancreatic β cell apoptosis by suppressing the expression of caspase 8, caspase 9 and cleaved caspase-3, as well as Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, down-regulating p38, ERK and JNK phosphorylation, and up-regulating Akt phosphorylation. These effects were significantly enhanced by inhibitor p-38 or ERK or JNK, and counteracted by inhibitor of PI3K. In addition, the extract of C. paliurus leaves also significantly improved hepatic steatosis, nephropathy and cardiac hypertrophy of diabetic mice. Taken together, these results provide the insight into the effects of C. paliurus leaves on pancreatic β cell preservation in standing glucolipotoxicity. Therefore, C. paliurus tea leaves may be used as a new remedy for diabetes through enhancing pancreatic β cell preservation by inhibiting β cell apoptosis.
ENHANCEMENT OF PRESSING OF SUGAR BEET CUTS BY COMBINED OHMIC HEATING AND PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD TREATMENT (2005)

This article describes the influence of combined ohmic heating (OH) and pulsed electric field (PEF) treatment on the juice extraction from sugar beet cuts of different sizes. The experiments were carried out on a laboratory filter-press cell connected to OH and PEF-treatment systems. OH (60 V/cm, 50 Hz) was used to attain different temperatures (30–70C), which were maintained during a fixed time (10–30 min). It was followed by a PEF treatment (600 V/cm, 0.04 s). OH noticeably enhances the extraction kinetics even at a moderate temperature of 50C. With the increase of OH temperature to 60C, the juice yield obtained by pressing is comparable to the one obtained after PEF treatment. The results show that combining OH and PEF treatment leads to some synergetic effect, promoting 85–87% of juice extraction even from middle and coarse cuts. This effect might result from both the electropermeabilization of cell membranes and the thermal softening of tissues.
Croyances et pratiques en évaluation des apprentissages (2015)

n professeur trs respect avoue qu'il a corrig les travaux de ses tudiants toute la nuit.Il a mis des heures crire des Croyances et pratiques en valuation des apprentissages Beaucoup de professeurs utilisent l'valuation sommative comme moyen pour inciter les lves au travail et l'valuation formative est loin d'tre une pratique rpandue.C'est, entre autres choses, ce que rvle une recherche faite auprs des enseignantes et des enseignants du collgial.
Memory from coupled instabilities in crumpled sheets (2021)

Crumpling an ordinary thin sheet transforms it into a structure with unusual mechanical behaviors, such as logarithmic relaxation, emission of crackling noise, and memory retention. A central challenge lies in understanding how these behaviors emerge from the underlying complex geometry. Here we combine global force measurements and 3D imaging to correlate the global mechanical response and the underlying geometric transformations. We find that the response of crumpled sheets to cyclic strain is intermittent, hysteretic, and encodes a memory of the largest applied compression. Using 3D imaging we show that these behaviours emerge due to an interplay between localized and interacting geometric instabilities in the sheet. A simple model confirms that these minimal ingredients are sufficient to explain the observed behaviors. Finally we show that after training multiple memories can be encoded, a phenomenon known as return point memory. Our study lays the foundation for understanding the complex mechanics of crumpled sheets, and presents an experimental and theoretical framework for the study of memory formation in systems of interacting instabilities.
Novel synthesis of biodegradable polyesters (2004)

A calcium-based initiator systems for the ring opening polymerization of cyclic esters was investigated. It was found that calcium as one of the major minerals in mammalians were known to participate in the human metabolism. A new chiral aluminum alkoxides was also developed for the stereoselective polymerization of lactide that allowed synthesis of polylactides with varied microstructures and properties. High level of stereoselectivity and polymerization control was accomplished even for polymerization conducted in toluene at 110°C or in bulk at 130°C which represented a solvent-free stereoselective lactide polymerization.
Cardiorenal Syndromes: Definition and Classification (2010)

Fluid overload is often observed in patients with heart failure and secondary oliguric states. A thorough assessment of the fluid status of the patient may help guide the therapy and prevent complications induced by inappropriate therapeutic strategies. The present publication is divided into four parts: Definition and Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Therapy. In the first section, the authors present new definitions for heart failure, acute kidney injury and cardiorenal syndromes to facilitate the process of understanding the complex link between the heart and the kidney. Subsequently, different conditions leading to fluid overload are described, followed by an account of emerging diagnostic tools, therapies and technologies devoted to the treatment of patients with severe fluid-related disorders. Clearly structured and written, the present book is a practical tool for physicians and professionals involved in the management and care of patients with combined heart and kidney disorders. Moreover, it also serves as a reference textbook for medical students, residents and fellows dealing in everyday practice with fluid overloaded and oliguric patients.
Fluorescence tomography applied to prostate cancer diagnosis using white pulsed laser (2013)

Prostate cancer diagnosis is based on PSA rate measurement and ultrasound guided biopsy. Recently criticized for its lack of specificity, new approaches are currently investigated: MRI, elastography, TEP, NIRS and Time Resolved (TR) fluorescence tomography. The advantage of TR fluorescence tomography relies on its good complementarity with the standard ultrasound protocol and on the possible localization of prostate tumors marked by specific probes. After a first TR system based on a bulky titanium-sapphire laser, we designed a new one taking advantage of a more compact white pulsed laser (supercontinuum). The improved compactness is now fully compatible with clinical environment. The light, filtered by two linear variable filters to select a 770&plusmn;20 nm window, is driven to the transrectal probe which also collects the fluorescence light emitted by the marker. The signal is detected by photomultipliers connected to TCSPC boards. A reconstruction algorithm based on intensities and time of flight allows a fast localization of the fluorophore. We compared the performances of the new white laser system to the previous titanium-sapphire on prostate mimicking phantoms. The laser power delivered on the phantom by the new laser appeared to be suitable to fluorescence measurements, just below cutaneous maximum permitted exposure. The new system allowed us to localize fluorescent inclusions of a fluorescent nanoemulsion at fixed positions inside a prostate mimicking phantom.
Advanced laser processing for integrated biophotonics on a chip (2004)

Today's advanced F/sub 2/ and ultrafast lasers drive strong interactions in transparent glasses for rapid prototyping of novel biochip designs. Interconnecting microfluidic channels, buried optical circuits, electrophoretic separators, and dielectrophoretic traps are presented for single-cell analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Peptide and Peptidomimetic Libraries (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.