gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improving Application Placement for Cluster-Based Web Applications (2011)

Dynamic application placement for clustered web applications heavily influences system performance and quality of user experience. Existing approaches claim that they strive to maximize the throughput, keep resource utilization balanced across servers, and minimize the start/stop cost of application instances. However, they fail to minimize the worst case of server utilization; the load balancing performance is not optimal. What's more, some applications need to communicate with each other, which we called dependent applications; the network cost of them also should be taken into consideration. In this paper, we investigate how to minimize the resource utilization of servers in the worst case, aiming at improving load balancing among clustered servers. Our contribution is two-fold. First we propose and define a new optimization objectives: limiting the worst case of each individual server's utilization, formulated by a min-max problem. A novel framework based on binary search is proposed to detect an optimal load balancing solution. Second, we define system cost as the weighted combination of both placement change and inter-application communication cost. By maximizing the number of instances of dependent applications that reside in the same set of servers, the basic load-shifting and placement-change procedures are enhanced to minimize whole system cost. Extensive experiments have been conducted and effectively demonstrate that: 1) the proposed framework achieves a good allocation for clustered web applications. In other words, requests are evenly allocated among servers, and throughput is still maximized; 2) the total system cost maintains at a low level; 3) our algorithm has the capacity of approximating an optimal solution within polynomial time and is promising for practical implementation in real deployments.
Molecular Identification of the Cross-reacting Epitope on αMβ2 Integrin I Domain Recognized by Anti-αIIbβ3 Monoclonal Antibody 7E3 and Its Involvement in Leukocyte Adherence (1998)

The monoclonal antibody (mAb) 7E3 directed to the platelet integrin alphaIIb beta3 was tested for its cross-reactivity with the homologous leukocyte integrin alphaM beta2. Nested recombinant fragments of alphaM I domain were expressed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins and analyzed for antibody recognition. In enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, mAb 7E3 bound alphaM I domain fragments containing the amino-terminal sequence Cys128-Ser172, whereas the carboxyl-terminal region Leu173-Pro291 was ineffective. A synthetic peptide designated R1.1 and duplicating the alphaM sequence G127CPQEDSDIAFLIDGSGSIIPHDF150 bound mAb 7E3. In contrast, the adjacent alphaM region F150RRMKEFVSTVMEQLKKSKTLFS172 or a control peptide with a scrambled R1.1 sequence was not recognized by mAb 7E3. Binding of mAb 7E3 to alphaM I domain blocked monocyte and neutrophil adhesion to immobilized fibrinogen and fibrinogen-dependent leukocyte-endothelium bridging, indistinguishably from bona fide anti-beta2 mAb IB4. In contrast, leukocyte binding to stable transfectants expressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was not affected by mAb 7E3. Balloon-mediated injury of iliofemoral arteries in rabbits resulted in prominent deposition of fibrinogen and increased monocyte adhesion to the injured vessel, in a reaction inhibited by mAb 7E3, but unaffected by control mAb 14E11. Through its cross-reactivity between alphaIIb beta3 and alphaM beta2, mAb 7E3 may initiate a new class of integrin antagonists, capable of simultaneously targeting platelet and leukocyte adhesion mechanisms in vascular injury.
Excellent response to pasireotide therapy in an aggressive and dopamine-resistant prolactinoma (2019)

Prolactinomas are the most commonly encountered pituitary adenomas in the clinical setting. While most can be controlled by dopamine agonists, a subset of prolactinomas are dopamine-resistant and very aggressive. In such tumors, the treatment of choice is neurosurgery and radiotherapy, with or without temozolomide. Here, we report a patient with an highly aggressive, dopamine-resistant prolactinoma, who only achieved biochemical and tumor control during pasireotide long-acting release (PAS-LAR) therapy, a second-generation somatostatin receptor ligand (SRL). Interestingly, cystic degeneration, tumor cell necrosis or both was observed after PAS-LAR administration suggesting an antitumor effect. This case shows that PAS-LAR therapy holds clinical potential in selective aggressive, dopamine-resistant prolactinomas that express somatostatin (SST) receptor subtype 5 and appears to be a potential new treatment option before starting temozolomide. In addition, PAS-LAR therapy may induce cystic degeneration, tumor cell necrosis or both in prolactinomas.
Structural basis for pharmacological modulation of the TRPC6 channel (2020)

Transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) proteins form nonselective cation channels that play physiological roles in a wide variety of cells. Despite growing evidence supporting the therapeutic potential of TRPC6 inhibition in treating pathological cardiac and renal conditions, mechanistic understanding of TRPC6 function and modulation remains obscure. Here we report cryo-EM structures of TRPC6 in both antagonist-bound and agonist-bound states. The structures reveal two novel recognition sites for the small-molecule modulators corroborated by mutagenesis data. The antagonist binds to a cytoplasm-facing pocket formed by S1-S4 and the TRP helix, whereas the agonist wedges at the subunit interface between S6 and the pore helix. Conformational changes upon ligand binding illuminate a mechanistic rationale for understanding TRPC6 modulation. Furthermore, structural and mutagenesis analyses suggest several disease-related mutations enhance channel activity by disrupting interfacial interactions. Our results provide principles of drug action that may facilitate future design of small molecules to ameliorate TRPC6-mediated diseases.
An Active Compensator Scheme for Dynamic Voltage Scaling of Voltage Regulators (2008)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) technique is a common industry practice in optimizing power consumption of microprocessors by dynamically altering the supply voltage under different operational modes, while maintaining the performance requirements. During DVS operation, it is desirable to position the output voltage to a new level commanded by the microprocessor (CPU) with minimum delay. However, voltage deviation and slow settling time usually exist due to large output capacitance and compensation delay in voltage regulators. Although optimal DVS can be achieved by modifying the output capacitance and compensation, this method is limited by constraints from stringent static and dynamic requirements. In this paper, the effects of output capacitance and compensation network on DVS operation are discussed in detail. An active compensator scheme is then proposed to ensure smooth transition of the output voltage without change of power stage and compensation during DVS. Simulation and experimental results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Search for FCNC single top-quark production at √s = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2012)

A search for the production of single top-quarks via flavour-changing neutral-currents is presented. Data collected with the ATLAS detector at a centre-of-mass energy of View the MathML sources=7 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.05 fb−1, are used. Candidate events with a semileptonic top-quark decay signature are classified as signal- or background-like events by using several kinematic variables as input to a neural network. No signal is observed in the neural network output distribution and a Bayesian upper limit is placed on the production cross-section. The observed upper limit at 95% confidence level on the cross-section multiplied by the t→Wbt→Wb branching fraction is measured to be σqg→t×B(t→Wb)&lt;3.9 pbσqg→t×B(t→Wb)&lt;3.9 pb. This upper limit is converted using a model-independent approach into upper limits on the coupling strengths κugt/Λ&lt;6.9⋅10−3 TeV−1κugt/Λ&lt;6.9⋅10−3 TeV−1 and κcgt/Λ&lt;1.6⋅10−2 TeV−1κcgt/Λ&lt;1.6⋅10−2 TeV−1, where Λ is the new physics scale, and on the branching fractions B(t→ug)&lt;5.7⋅10−5B(t→ug)&lt;5.7⋅10−5 and B(t→cg)&lt;2.7⋅10−4B(t→cg)&lt;2.7⋅10−4.
PIV and DBI Experimental Characterization of Air Flow-Spray Interaction and Soot Formation in a Single Cylinder Optical Diesel Engine Using a Real Bowl Geometry Piston (2019)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;With demanding emissions legislations and the need for higher efficiency, new technologies for compression ignition engines are in development. One of them relies on reducing the heat losses of the engine during the combustion process as well as to devise injection strategies that reduce soot formation. Therefore, it is necessary a better comprehension about the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) distribution inside the cylinder and how it is affected by the interaction between air flow motion and fuel spray. Furthermore, new diesel engines are characterized by massive decrease of NOx emissions. Therefore, considering the well-known NOx-soot trade-off, it is necessary a better comprehension and overall quantification of soot formation and how the different injection strategies can impact it. The present study aims to define a methodology to analyze the velocity field and consequently TKE distribution as well as to characterize soot formation inside of a real bowl geometry considering different operating conditions. For that purpose, two different optical techniques were simultaneously applied in this study. On the one hand, in-cylinder velocity fields were measured by using 2D standard Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) under injection (non-reactive ambient) and motored conditions by using single injection strategy. On the other hand, soot formation was quantified by Diffused back-illumination imaging technique (DBI) under firing conditions and multiple injection pattern. The experiments were carried out in a single cylinder optical engine based in a commercial GM MDE light duty diesel engine with specific bottom and side optical accesses from the liner and the piston. As the optical piston features the same metal bowl geometry, it was necessary to solve significant hurdles to accurately implement the optical techniques under fully real engine conditions. Injection events for PIV measurements were performed at different laser timings with a vertical laser sheet centered in the middle of the cylinder using a single injection strategy. For the DBI measurements, tests were performed in 3 different firing conditions, using four injection events and three injection pressures. Results indicate that, in comparison with motored condition, fuel spray reduce flow velocity and impact directly on TKE distribution. DBI measurements highlight also that, as the load increases, the KL value increases as well. Furthermore, the results show that the injection timing impacts directly in the KL value.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Motion Vector Field Analysis in Motion-Assisted Rate Control for H.264 (2006)

Motion vector field analysis in motion-assisted rate control (MARC) helps us interpret the relationship between a distribution of motion vectors and its visual characteristics. In our earlier work, we showed how MARC utilized this relationship into an effective rate control method that enhanced subjective quality of regions with high visual sensitivity. In this work, we extend our initial idea further to enhance its performance. First, visual features of interest are defined in the sense of local distribution of pre-filtered motion vectors and their relationship with human visual sensitivity is discussed. To estimate the degree of this sensitivity, two simple and effective motion metrics are designed and their performance is evaluated on an MARC-enabled H.264 video codec. The calculation overhead is minimal, since motion vector information is already provided by the H.264 video codec. Our result shows that MARC reduces temporal PSNR fluctuations across frames while it improves the subjective quality of visually sensitive regions.
Spatial Neglect: Clinical and Neuroscience Review (2008)

Hemispatial neglect (HSN) is a frequent, conspicuous neurobehavioral accompaniment of brain injury. Patients with HSN share several superficial similarities, leading earlier clinical neuroscientists to view neglect as a unitary condition associated with brain structures that mediate relatively discrete spatial cognitive mechanisms. Over the last two decades, research largely deconstructed the neglect syndrome, revealing a remarkable heterogeneity of behaviors and providing insight into multiple component processes, both spatial and nonspatial, that contribute to hemispatial neglect. This review surveys visual HSN, presenting first the means for detection and diagnosis in its manifold variations. We summarize cognitive operations relevant to spatial attention and evidence for their role in neglect behaviors and then briefly consider neural systems that may subserve the component processes. Finally, we propose several methods for rehabilitating HSN, including the challenges facing remediation of such a heterogeneous cognitive disorder.
Ectopic expression of CD127 restores the numbers of thymic and peripheral T cell populations in adenosine A2A receptor deficient mouse (2017)

Abstract Inhibition of proximal TCR signals by adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) is important for T cell development and maintaining T cell quiescence in vivo. Deletion of A2ARs causes accelerated growth of B16 and MB49 tumors, which is associated with reduced T cell accumulation in tumors and decreased CD127 expression and interleukin-7 responsiveness. Here we showed that ectopic expression of CD127 in A2AR deficient mice restores normal numbers of thymic populations and IL-7 responsiveness of T cells. Ectopic expression of CD127 in A2AR deficient mice also caused accumulation of similar numbers of T cells in the periphery as compared to A2AR proficient mice. Growth of B16 tumors in A2AR deficient mice was accelerated as compared to A2AR proficient mice. However, growth of B16 tumors was comparable between A2AR deficient or proficient mice ectopically expressing CD127. Adenosine A2A receptor deletion or ectopic CD127 expression did not change Vbeta selection suggesting changes in T cell repertoire may not be involved in increased tumor growth and reduced T cell numbers in A2AR deficient mice. Interestingly, tumor growth in A2AR and CD127 double deficient mice was slower as compared to CD127 deficient mice. Finally, adenosine preconditioning of engineered T cells significantly reduced lung colonization of B16OVA tumors and persistence of engineered T cells. Overall these results suggest that CD127 regulation by adenosine is important for T cell maintenance and functional responses in vivo and blockade of A2AR to improve anti-tumor immune responses should be further promoted by providing signals for T cell survival.
CRADLE (2017)

In exploratory domains, agents’ behaviors include switching between activities, extraneous actions, and mistakes. Such settings are prevalent in real world applications such as interaction with open-ended software, collaborative office assistants, and integrated development environments. Despite the prevalence of such settings in the real world, there is scarce work in formalizing the connection between high-level goals and low-level behavior and inferring the former from the latter in these settings. We present a formal grammar for describing users’ activities in such domains. We describe a new top-down plan recognition algorithm called CRADLE (Cumulative Recognition of Activities and Decreasing Load of Explanations) that uses this grammar to recognize agents’ interactions in exploratory domains. We compare the performance of CRADLE with state-of-the-art plan recognition algorithms in several experimental settings consisting of real and simulated data. Our results show that CRADLE was able to output plans exponentially more quickly than the state-of-the-art without compromising its correctness, as determined by domain experts. Our approach can form the basis of future systems that use plan recognition to provide real-time support to users in a growing class of interesting and challenging domains.
An Unsupervised System for the Synthesis of Variations from Audio Percussion Patterns (2010)

A system is introduced that learns the structure of an audio recording of a rhythmical percussion fragment in an unsupervised manner and synthesizes musical variations from it. The procedure consists of 1) segmentation, 2) symbolization (feature extraction, clustering, sequence structure analysis, temporal alignment), and 3) synthesis. The symbolization step yields a sequence of event classes. Simultaneously, representations are maintained that cluster the events into few or many classes. Moreover, a tempo estimation procedure is used to preserve the metrical structure in the generated sequence. Employing variable length Markov chains, the final synthesis is performed recombining the audio material derived from the sample itself. In particular, the level of refinement of the clustering procedure is selected, choosing a representation that displays maximal regularity. Examples synthesized from percussion patterns such as the amen break and beat boxing are available on the web. For a broad variety of musical styles the musical characteristics of the original are preserved. At the same time, considerable variability is introduced.
Tunicamycin Mediated Inhibition of Wall Teichoic Acid Affects Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes Cell Morphology, Biofilm Formation and Virulence (2018)

The emergence of bacterial resistance to therapeutic antibiotics limits options for treatment of common microbial diseases. Subinhibitory antibiotics dosing, often aid in the emergence of resistance, but its impact on pathogen's physiology and pathogenesis is not well understood. Here we investigated the effect of tunicamycin, a cell wall teichoic acid (WTA) biosynthesis inhibiting antibiotic at the subinhibitory dosage on <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> physiology, antibiotic cross-resistance, biofilm-formation, and virulence. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of tunicamycin to <i>S. aureus</i> and <i>L. monocytogenes</i> was 20-40 μg/ml and 2.5-5 μg/ml, respectively, and the subinhibitory concentration was 2.5-5 μg/ml and 0.31-0.62 μg/ml, respectively. Tunicamycin pre-exposure reduced cellular WTA levels by 18-20% and affected bacterial cell wall ultrastructure, cell membrane permeability, morphology, laser-induced colony scatter signature, and bacterial ability to form biofilms. It also induced a moderate level of cross-resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, erythromycin, and meropenem for <i>S. aureus</i>, and ampicillin, erythromycin, vancomycin, and meropenem for <i>L. monocytogenes</i>. Pre-treatment of bacterial cells with subinhibitory concentrations of tunicamycin also significantly reduced bacterial adhesion to and invasion into an enterocyte-like Caco-2 cell line, which is supported by reduced expression of key virulence factors, Internalin B (InlB) and <i>Listeria</i> adhesion protein (LAP) in <i>L. monocytogenes</i>, and a <i>S. aureus</i> surface protein A (SasA) in <i>S. aureus</i>. Tunicamycin-treated bacteria or the bacterial WTA preparation suppressed NF-κB and inflammatory cytokine production (TNFα, and IL-6) from murine macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7) indicating the reduced WTA level possibly attenuates an inflammatory response. These results suggest that at the subinhibitory dosage, tunicamycin-mediated inhibition of WTA biosynthesis interferes with cell wall structure, pathogens infectivity and inflammatory response, and ability to form biofilms but promotes the development of antibiotic cross-resistance.
Broadband FDTD Design of Fermi Antenna for Passive Millimeter Wave Imaging (2006)

The broadband FDTD analysis of the Fermi antenna as a receiving element of passive millimeter-wave imaging is presented. The Fermi antenna is a type of the tapered slot antennas (TSA) and has a taper profile expressed by Fermi-Dirac function as well as a corrugation on the side of the substrate. A design of Fermi antenna with the axially symmetric radiation pattern was already reported in our previous paper at 35 GHz. In this paper, the radiation pattern with changing the parameters of a Fermi antenna is investigated in a broad frequency range of 30-50 GHz. A design of Fermi antenna which has an axially symmetric radiation pattern in a broad frequency range is presented
14nm FinFET technology for analog and RF applications (2017)

This paper highlights a 14nm Analog and RF technology based on a logic FinFET platform for the first time. An optimized RF device layout shows excellent F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> /F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of (314GHz/180GHz) and (285GHz/140GHz) for NFET and PFET respectively. A higher PFET RF performance compared to 28nm technology is due to a source/drain stressor mobility improvement. A benefit of better FinFET channel electrostatics can be seen in the self-gain (G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> /G <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ds</sub> ), which shows a significant increase to 40 and 34 for NFET and PFET respectively. Superior 1/f noise of 17/35 f(V·μm) <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Hz @ 1KHz for N/PFET respectively is also achieved. To extend further low voltage operation and power saving, ultra-low Vt devices are also developed. Furthermore, a deep N-well (triple well) process is introduced to improve the ultra-low signal immunity from substrate noise, while offering useful devices like VNPN and high breakdown voltage deep N-well diodes. A superior F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> /F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , high self-gain, low 1/f noise and substrate isolation characteristics truly extend the capability of the 14nm FinFETs for analog and RF applications.