gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphological disambiguation by voting constraints (1997)

We present a constraint-based morphological disambiguation system in which individual constraints vote on matching morphological parses, and disambiguation of all the tokens in a sentence is performed at the end by selecting parses that receive the highest votes. This constraint application paradigm makes the outcome of the disambiguation independent of the rule sequence, and hence relieves the rule developer from worrying about potentially conflicting rule sequencing. Our results for disambiguating Turkish indicate that using about 500 constraint rules and some additional simple statistics, we can attain a recall of 95--96% and a precision of 94--95% with about 1.01 parses per token. Our system is implemented in Prolog and we are currently investigating an efficient implementation based on finite state transducers.
Low transparent Pt ohmic contact on p -typeGaNby surface treatment using aqua regia (1999)

A low transparent ohmic contact on p-type GaN has been achieved through the deposition of Pt on p-type GaN treated using boiling aqua regia. The contact resistivity was decreased from 4.7 × 10–1 to 1.4 × 10–4 Ωcm2 by the surface treatment. The drastic reduction in contact resistivity originates from both the removal of surface oxides by the boiling aqua regia and the high work function of Pt. The surface treatment plays a role in reducing the barrier height for holes at the Pt/p-type GaN interface, leading to good ohmic contacts on p-type GaN.
Controlling the Polarization State of Light with Plasmonic Metal Oxide Metasurface (2016)

Conventional plasmonic materials, namely, noble metals, hamper the realization of practical plasmonic devices due to their intrinsic limitations, such as lack of capabilities to tune in real-time their optical properties, failure to assimilate with CMOS standards, and severe degradation at increased temperatures. Transparent conducting oxide (TCO) is a promising alternative plasmonic material throughout the near- and mid-infrared wavelengths. In addition to compatibility with established silicon-based fabrication procedures, TCOs provide great flexibility in the design and optimization of plasmonic devices because their intrinsic optical properties can be tailored and dynamically tuned. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate metal oxide metasurfaces operating as quarter-waveplates (QWPs) over a broad near-infrared (NIR) range from 1.75 to 2.5 μm. We employ zinc oxide highly doped with gallium (Ga:ZnO) as the plasmonic constituent material of the metasurfaces and fabricate arrays of orthogonal nanorod pairs. Our Ga:ZnO metasurfaces provide a high degree of circular polarization across a broad range of two distinct optical bands in the NIR. Flexible broad-band tunability of the QWP metasurfaces is achieved by the significant shifts of their optical bands and without any degradation in their performance after a post-annealing process up to 450 °C.
MUSCAT focal plane verification (2020)

The Mexico-UK Submillimetre Camera for Astronomy (MUSCAT) is the second-generation large-format continuum camera operating in the 1.1 mm band to be installed on the 50-m diameter Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) in Mexico. The focal plane of the instrument is made up of 1458 horn coupled lumped-element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKID) divided equally into six channels deposited on three silicon wafers. Here we present the preliminary results of the complete characterisation in the laboratory of the MUSCAT focal plane. Through the instrument's readout system, we perform frequency sweeps of the array to identify the resonance frequencies, and continuous timestream acquisitions to measure and characterise the intrinsic noise and 1/f knee of the detectors. Subsequently, with a re-imaging lens and a blackbody point source, the beams of every detector are mapped, obtaining a mean FWHM size of ~3.27 mm, close to the expected 3.1 mm. Then, by varying the intensity of a beam filling blackbody source, we measure the responsivity and noise power spectral density (PSD) for each detector under an optical load of 300 K, obtaining the noise equivalent power (NEP), with which we verify that the majority of the detectors are photon noise limited. Finally, using a Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS), we measure the spectral response of the instrument, which indicate a bandwidth of 1.0-1.2 mm centred on 1.1 mm, as expected.
Laser Studies of Metal Cluster Beams (1983)

Recent developments in laser and molecular beam technology have now made it possible to produce supersonic beams of virtually any element in the periodic table. Using laser vaporization of the appropriate target, the beam source conditions may be adjusted to produce either the cold free atoms alone, or clusters of these atoms with each other—or with another element. Since the vaporization laser heats only a small spot on the target, extremely high local temperatures can be obtained without heating any other part of the apparatus; and beams of even the highest boiling element (tungsten) are readily obtained both in atomic and cluster form. The physics and chemistry of these exotic cluster species is almost completely unknown on the fundamental level. Even for clusters containing 100 atoms, most of these atoms lie on the surface, and the chemical and physical properties will be predominately surface phenomena. Initial studies of these clusters have entailed the use of one‐ and two‐ photon laser ionization with time‐of‐flight mass selective detection. Using a variety of fixed frequency lasers, the work function of copper clusters has been examined as a function of cluster size in the range from 2 to 29 atoms per cluster. Considerable detailed information has also been obtained for the electronic structure and bond lengths of a number of transition metal dimers and trimers (including Cu 2 , Cr 2 , V 2 , Mo 2 , and Cu 3 ) through the use of high resolution laser spectroscopy with mass‐selective photoionization detection.
Preconfiguration of the antigen-binding site during affinity maturation of a broadly neutralizing influenza virus antibody (2012)

Affinity maturation refines a naive B-cell response by selecting mutations in antibody variable domains that enhance antigen binding. We describe a B-cell lineage expressing broadly neutralizing influenza virus antibodies derived from a subject immunized with the 2007 trivalent vaccine. The lineage comprises three mature antibodies, the unmutated common ancestor, and a common intermediate. Their heavy-chain complementarity determining region inserts into the conserved receptor-binding pocket of influenza HA. We show by analysis of structures, binding kinetics and long time-scale molecular dynamics simulations that antibody evolution in this lineage has rigidified the initially flexible heavy-chain complementarity determining region by two nearly independent pathways and that this preconfiguration accounts for most of the affinity gain. The results advance our understanding of strategies for developing more broadly effective influenza vaccines.
A Facile Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Amino‐1H‐quinazoline‐2,4‐diones. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Neoplastic disorganization of pancreatic epithelial cell-cell relations. Role of basement membrane. (1985)

The authors have analyzed the structural relations of a nonmetastatic rat pancreatic acinar carcinoma and contrasted them with those of normal exocrine pancreas in order to better define the role of basement membrane (BM) in early stages of neoplastic disorganization. These studies showed that normal acinar cells rested on continuous BM (containing laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan, and Type IV and V collagens) and displayed a polarized distribution of intracellular organelles, cytoskeletal assemblies (concentration of actin within terminal web), and distinct membrane domains (apical leucine aminopeptidase). In contrast, the parenchyma of the pancreatic acinar carcinoma was free of all BM components except for a discontinuous array of laminin. In these regions, acinar tumor cells appeared randomly oriented, displayed actin in uniform cortical distributions, and lost membrane polarity. However, when tumor cells contacted mesenchymally derived connective tissue along tumor capsule and vascular adventitia, they accumulated intact BM and reoriented in a manner reminiscent of normal pancreas. Tumor cell reorganization was observed in the absence of formation of full junctional complexes or normally polarized membrane domains, although leucine aminopeptidase appeared to be excluded from regions of tumor cell surfaces that were in direct contact with BM. The loss of normal epithelial cell-cell arrangements that is the hallmark of early stages of tumor formation could therefore result from failure to match increases in cell number with commensurate BM extension.
An Ideal Simulator for Hardware (1990)

The increase in the density of integrated circuits has raised the level of designs that can be implemented on a single chip. Consequently, CAD tools involved in these designs have to address issues ranging from system level to logic level design. This paper presents a new hardware description language, IDEAL, and the simulation strategy adopted for it. IDEAL, which forms the basis of the Integrated Design Automation System (IDEAS) project, supports hierarchical and modular descriptions of asynchronous and synchronous digital systems at various levels. The simulator for IDEAL is based on the coroutine model. A design is simulated by appropriately scheduling coroutines which model the design entities whose behaviours given in IDEAL. Translation of a behaviour into a coroutine involves the compilation of IDEAL's data transfer and data control constructs into ‘C’.
Advanced model-based Fault Detection and Diagnosis for civil aircraft structural design optimization (2013)

The industrial state-of-practice to diagnose Electrical Flight Control System (EFCS) faults and obtain full flight envelope protection at all times is to provide high levels of hardware redundancy to perform built-in-tests of various sophistication. Although not obvious at first sight, there is a strong link between advanced Fault Detection and Diagnosis (FDD) and the future more sustainable aircraft. In this paper, it is discussed how improving the fault diagnosis performance in EFCS enables to optimize the aircraft structural design (resulting in weight saving), which in turn helps improve aircraft performance and to decrease its environmental footprint (e.g. fuel consumption and noise). This paper provides examples of the contribution of advanced FDD techniques researched and developed by Airbus and the researchers from the University of Bordeaux (France) for the future “greener” aircraft, through the results of some recent actions and projects. The actuator/sensor fault cases investigated in this paper are Oscillatory Failure Cases (OFC), jamming (a.k.a. lock-in-place failure) and runaway (a.k.a. hard-over).
Cardiomyocytes generated from CPVTD307H patients are arrhythmogenic in response to β‐adrenergic stimulation (2011)

Sudden cardiac death caused by ventricular arrhythmias is a disastrous event, especially when it occurs in young individuals. Among the five major arrhythmogenic disorders occurring in the absence of a structural heart disease is catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), which is a highly lethal form of inherited arrhythmias. Our study focuses on the autosomal recessive form of the disease caused by the missense mutation D307H in the cardiac calsequestrin gene, CASQ2. Because CASQ2 is a key player in excitation contraction coupling, the derangements in intracellular Ca(2+) handling may cause delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs), which constitute the mechanism underlying CPVT. To investigate catecholamine-induced arrhythmias in the CASQ2 mutated cells, we generated for the first time CPVT-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) by reprogramming fibroblasts from skin biopsies of two patients, and demonstrated that the iPSCs carry the CASQ2 mutation. Next, iPSCs were differentiated to cardiomyocytes (iPSCs-CMs), which expressed the mutant CASQ2 protein. The major findings were that the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol caused in CPVT iPSCs-CMs (but not in the control cardiomyocytes) DADs, oscillatory arrhythmic prepotentials, after-contractions and diastolic [Ca(2+) ](i) rise. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that compared with control iPSCs-CMs, CPVT iPSCs-CMs displayed a more immature phenotype with less organized myofibrils, enlarged sarcoplasmic reticulum cisternae and reduced number of caveolae. In summary, our results demonstrate that the patient-specific mutated cardiomyocytes can be used to study the electrophysiological mechanisms underlying CPVT.
Product Yield Prediction System and Critical Area Database (2008)

Pre-silicon yield estimators for ASIC products have the potential for improved accuracy based on retrospective critical area and yield analysis of completed designs. A prototype closed-loop system, in which a database of observed yield and computed critical areas is continuously compiled and updated, is described in this paper. The database allows a yield model based on circuit content, which is available at the time of quote, but before the physical layout, to be optimized to more accurately reflect a technology's random defect sensitivities. Confining one's observations to the mature 130-nm technology minimizes the inclusion of systematic defects in the observed yield and allows for a more complete view of the random defect component of yield loss.
Serodiagnostics of chlamydial infections--significance of positivity in IgA and/or IgM antibody classes only. (2002)

There was followed the development of serological findings in patients with proved positivity only in classes IgA and/or IgM of chlamydial antibodies (without IgG), which can be suspected of showing "false" positivity. 184 patients were repeatedly examined for chlamydial antibodies in their sera (interval between collections up to three months) using a genus specific rELISA. Sera were also tested for the evidence of IgM antibodies against capside antigen of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and against cytomegalovirus (CMV) using ELISA methods. In 75 (40.8%) of patients, IgA/IgM individual positivities were demonstrated even during the following sample test(s). In 28 (15.2%) of them, IgG evidence preceded and in 29 (15.7%) other patients positive seroconversion followed in this class. In 13 (7.1%) patients, IgG antibodies disappeared and subsequently reappeared. Only in 39 (21.2%) of these probands, antibodies IgA/IgM were not demonstrated at another examination. Active EBV, resp. CMV infection was proved in 24 (13.0%), resp. in 18 (9.8%) of patients. It is concluded that the evidence of positivities only in classes IgA and/or IgM mostly signal the onset of a primary infection (reinfection) or an active infection in patients with IgG production failures respectively. In these cases, a "false" positivity can be supposed to occur only in a minor extent.
Bilayered vascular scaffolds for engineering cellularized small diameter blood vessels (2010)

Ju, Young Min PhD; Choi, Jin San MS; Aboushwareb, Tamer MD, PhD; Atala, Anthony MD, FACS; Yoo, James MD, PhD; Lee, Sang Jin PhD Author Information
Deformation of a Solid Film with Surface Tension by a Liquid Drop (2015)

A drop placed under a solid thin film causes it to bulge due to the action of liquid surface tension, Laplace pressure, difference in surface tension on two sides of the film, and gravity. Deformation is resisted by solid surface tension, bending, and in-plane stretching. For sufficiently thin films and small drops, the film mainly carries tension and the deformed configuration can be obtained simply by force balance of tensions at the contact line. In this work, we examine more closely the conditions under which this simplified situation exists. We show that generally the effect of surface tension asymmetry on two sides of the film is negligible, as is the effect of gravity on the local deformed shape. Further, we show that for sufficiently thin films, bending affects the solution only in a boundary layer near the contact region and that tensions in the films can still be estimated from force balance.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Fluoride‐Induced Cyclization Reaction. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Ratio Imaging of Enzyme Activity Using Dual Wavelength Optical Reporters (2002)

The design of near-infrared fluorescent (NIRF) probes that are activated by specific proteases has, for the first time, allowed enzyme activity to be imaged in vivo. In the current study, we report on a method of imaging enzyme activity using two fluorescent probes that, together, provide improved quantitation of enzymatic activity. The method employs two chemically similar probes that differ in their degradability by cathepsin B. One probe consists of the NIRF dye Cy5.5 attached to a particulate carrier, a crosslinked iron oxide nanoparticle (CLIO), through cathepsin B cleavable L-arginyl peptides. A second probe consists of Cy3.5 attached to a CLIO through proteolytically resistant D-arginyl peptides. Using mixtures of the two probes, we have shown that the ratio of Cy5.5 to Cy3.5 fluorescence can be used to determine levels of cathepsin B in the environment of nanoparticles with macrophages in suspension. After intravenous injection, tissue fluorescence from the nondegradable Cy3.5-D-arginyl probe reflected nanoparticle accumulation, while fluorescence of the Cy5.5-L-arginyl probe was dependent on both accumulation and activation by cathepsin B. Dual wavelength ratio imaging can be used for the quantitative imaging of a variety of enzymes in clinically important settings, while the magnetic properties of the probes allow their detection by MR imaging.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,7‐Electrocyclizations of α,β;γ,δ‐Unsaturated 1,3‐Dipoles (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MORT1/FADD is involved in liver regeneration (2005)

Our data demonstrate for the first time an involvement of the death receptor molecule MORT1/FADD in liver regeneration, beyond its well described role as part of the intracellular death signaling pathway.
Evaluation of Polyol Reduction for Wet Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles (2007)

In this paper, experimental and theoretical attempts have been made to evaluate the reduction ability of polyols. The experimental evaluations were carried out using voltammetric measurements. In voltammetry measurements, the potential difference between polyols at higher temperature was marginal and also the measurement at boiling temperature was difficult. Thus reducing ability of polyol was evaluated assuming that it depended on the energy gap between the HOMO of polyol and LUMO of the metal ion to be reduced. The HOMO energy levels of polyols were evaluated fixing the LUMO energy level of metal. It became clear that a polyol has many conformers with different energy states and orbital energies, and the prominence of any conformer depended on their corresponding thermal energy barrier. Therefore, the reduction potential of polyol was a function of temperature and their increase was ascribed to transformation of the polyol’s conformers. The theoretically estimated hierarchy of reducing ability of polyol was experimentally verified.
N-[[(5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)- phenyl]sulfonyl]propanamide, Sodium Salt, Parecoxib Sodium:  A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of COX-2 for Parenteral Administration (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTN-[[(5-Methyl-3-phenylisoxazol-4-yl)- phenyl]sulfonyl]propanamide, Sodium Salt, Parecoxib Sodium: A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of COX-2 for Parenteral AdministrationJohn J. Talley, Stephen R. Bertenshaw, David L. Brown, Jeffery S. Carter, Matthew J. Graneto, Michael S. Kellogg, Carol M. Koboldt, Jinhua Yuan, Yan Y. Zhang, and Karen SeibertView Author Information Searle Research and Development, 700 Chesterfield Parkway, St. Louis, Missouri 63198, and 4901 Searle Parkway, Skokie, Illinois 60077 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 9, 1661–1663Publication Date (Web):April 5, 2000Publication History Received18 February 2000Published online5 April 2000Published inissue 1 May 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm000069hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm000069hrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1736Altmetric-Citations184LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Antiinflammatories,Inhibitors,Neurophysiology,Rodent models,Sodium Get e-Alerts