gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Element specific magnetization in Fe/Pd quantum well structures (2012)

The topic of this thesis is the investigation of the magnetic properties of artificially created magnetic structures. Applying different characterization techniques, ranging from direct imaging methods to reciprocal space techniques, the properties of lithographically patterned arrays of magnetic thin film and multilayer elements are investigated by exploring their magnetic state, extending from the atomic scale up to collective ordering phenomena of nano-magnetic elements.Laterally patterned amorphous multilayer arrays of combined circular and ellipsoidal islands were investigated. The arrays contain a variety of length scales, ranging from their nanometer scale multilayer structure to their lateral periodicity in the micrometer range. The attributes of these arrays are explored using different techniques, applicable for addressing the magnetization at different length scales, including magneto-optical techniques, micromagnetic simulations and x-ray resonant magnetic scattering.Arrays of dipole interacting elongated magnetic elements composed of Pd(Fe) thin films were investigated. Pd(Fe) films have a low Curie temperature which can be tuned by the thickness of the Fe layer embedded in Pd. By this, the interaction and the shape anisotropy energies can be brought down to energy scales comparable to room temperature enabling the possibility of investigating the effect of thermal excitations on such arrays. The temperature dependent magnetization of an artificial square spin ice array was investigated by magneto-optical measurements demonstrating the possibility of observing an order-disorder transition in an artificial square spin ice system. The role of dipolar interactions and the possibility of achieving thermal ground state ordering was then further investigated by magnetically sensitive photoemission electron microscopy imaging of ring arrangements of elongated Pd(Fe) elements. The results reveal a high probability of achieving a thermal ground state ordering of the magnetization of the islands.
Gripping strategy of pneumatic robot arm for industrial fields wrist control in consideration of compensation of gravity (2012)

In previous research, we developed a pneumatic robot arm driven by pneumatic actuators as a versatile end effector of a material handling system. Also, we constructed a PI controller through simulations. However, in industrial fields, robots for a material handling system must be able to work while holding objects. We did not consider this in previous research, so this research aims to construct the PI controller for when the hand holds an object. In this research, we experimented in three situations: one is the hand holding nothing, another is holding a tennis ball, and the last is holding a baseball. In all situations, the robot arm has a hysteresis loop, which means the angle changes in spite of the same pressure being applied. Then we constructed a model through these experiments. Moreover, we could decide the optical PI gain with simulation. Finally, using these gains, we could obtain experimental results that match the simulation results.
A prudent path forward for genomic engineering and germline gene modification (2015)

A framework for open discourse on the use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology to manipulate the human genome is urgently needed
CANDO: A Compiled Programming Language for Computer-Aided Nanomaterial Design and Optimization Based on Clasp Common Lisp (2016)

CANDO is a compiled programming language designed for rapid prototyping and design of macromolecules and nanometer-scale materials. CANDO provides functionality to write programs that assemble atoms and residues into new molecules and construct three-dimensional coordinates for them. CANDO also provides functionality for searching molecules for substructures, automatically assigning atom types, identifying rings, carrying out conformational searching, and automatically determining stereochemistry, among other things. CANDO extends the Clasp implementation of the dynamic language Common Lisp. CANDO provides classes for representing atoms, residues, molecules and aggregates (collections of molecules) as primitive objects that are implemented in C++ and subject to automatic memory management, like every other object within the language. CANDO inherits all of the capabilities of Clasp, including the easy incorporation of C++ libraries using a C++ template programming library. This automatically builds wrap- per code to expose the C++ functionality to the CANDO Common Lisp environment and the use of the LLVM library[1] to generate fast native code. A version of CANDO can be built that incorporates the Open Message Passing Interface C++ library[2], which allows CANDO to be run on supercomputers, in order to automatically setup, start, and analyze molecular mechanics simulations on large parallel computers. CANDO is currently available under the LGPL 2.0 license.
Hypothalamic Changes in Norepinephrine Release in Rats With Estradiol Valerate-Induced Polycystic Ovaries1 (1995)

Chronic anovulation and polycystic ovaries (PCO) can be induced by a single i.m. injection of estradiol valerate (EV, 2 mg in oil) in the rat. Constant exposure to high plasma levels of estradiol provokes a neurotoxic effect on the hypothalamic neurons, including those from the arcuate nucleus. Because of the important participation of hypothalamic norepinephrine (NE) in the regulation of GnRH release and the possible noxious effect of prolonged exposure of these neurons to estradiol, our interest was to study the activity of the noradrenergic neurons innervating the hypothalamus. We analyzed the biosynthesis, content, and release of NE from the noradrenergic nerve terminals of the hypothalamus during the PCO condition. We found a decrease in tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activity and in the content of dopamine (DA) in the anterior hypothalamus after 2 mo of EV injection, whereas dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (D beta H) was increased without changes in NE content. No variations in TH activity or in DA and NE contents in the medial hypothalamus were observed, but a decrease in D beta H activity was evident. After 2 mo of EV administration, an increase in the electrically induced release of NE from anterior hypothalamic blocks incubated in vitro was detected; this effect was not evidenced in the medial hypothalamus. After 5 mo of EV administration, release of NE increased in anterior hypothalamic blocks but decreased in medial hypothalamic tissue. The inhibitory effect of morphine on NE release found in control animals was increased in the hypothalamus from PCO rats, suggesting an increased number of mu-opioid binding sites in noradrenergic neurons.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Time-Resolved Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Bile Duct for Image-Guided Cancer Diagnosis (2011)

An ultra thin (1.2-1.6 mm diameter) scanning fiber endoscope, capable of video-rate high-resolution imaging of the bile duct, will be used as a “guidewire-with-eyes” to guide time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy of the duct for cancer diagnosis.
Alcohol-Induced Tolerance in Mitochondrial Membranes (1984)

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Constraints on Higgs boson properties using $WW^{*}(\rightarrow e\nu \mu \nu )jj$ production in $36.1\,\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector (2021)

This article presents the results of two studies of Higgs boson properties using the $WW^*(\rightarrow e\nu\mu\nu)jj$ final state, based on a dataset corresponding to 36.1/fb of $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The first study targets Higgs boson production via gluon-gluon fusion and constrains the CP properties of the effective Higgs-gluon interaction. Using angular distributions and the overall rate, a value of $\tan(\alpha) = 0.0 \pm 0.4$ stat. $ \pm \,0.3$ syst is obtained for the tangent of the mixing angle for CP-even and CP-odd contributions. The second study exploits the vector-boson fusion production mechanism to probe the Higgs boson couplings to longitudinally and transversely polarised $W$ and $Z$ bosons in both the production and the decay of the Higgs boson; these couplings have not been directly constrained previously. The polarisation-dependent coupling-strength scale factors are defined as the ratios of the measured polarisation-dependent coupling strengths to those predicted by the Standard Model, and are determined using rate and kinematic information to be $a_L=0.91^{+0.10}_{-0.18}$(stat.)$^{+0.09}_{-0.17}$(syst.) and $a_{T}=1.2 \pm 0.4 $(stat.)$ ^{+0.2}_{-0.3} $(syst.). These coupling strengths are translated into pseudo-observables, resulting in $\kappa_{VV}= 0.91^{+0.10}_{-0.18}$(stat.)$^{+0.09}_{-0.17}$(syst.) and $\epsilon_{VV} =0.13^{+0.28}_{-0.20}$ (stat.)$^{+0.08}_{-0.10}$(syst.). All results are consistent with the Standard Model predictions.
Compact inverted-F antenna using coupled-feeding structure for penta-band mobile application (2015)

In this paper, a compact Inverted-F Antenna (IFA) is proposed for penta-band (GSM850/900/DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands) operation. The proposed IFA is designed with a compact size of 28.75 mm × 16.7 mm and printed on one layer substrate for the simple design and low-profile configuration, and cost-effectiveness. The IFA is modified by dividing the radiating strip in order to realize a multi-band operation. Each radiating strip operates in GSM850/900, and DCS/PCS/WCDMA bands, individually. The penta-band operation is realized by the proposed IFA which consists of both strips with reliable radiation performance. The size of proposed IFA is 140 mm × 80 mm including the size of the FR4 substrate whose thickness is 0.6 mm. The simulations are performed for analyzing the radiation performances and operation of the proposed IFA. The obtained operating bandwidths are 800-970 MHz and 1480-2310 MHz and the radiation performances are reported as reliable results in this paper.
Photoacoustic endoscopic imaging of the rabbit mediastinum (2013)

Like ultrasound endoscopy, photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) could become a valuable addition to clinical practice due to its deep imaging capability. Results from our recent in vivo transesophageal endoscopic imaging study on rabbits demonstrate the technique’s capability to image major organs in the mediastinal region, such as the lung, trachea, and cardiovascular systems. Here, we present various features from photoacoustic images from the mediastinal region of several rabbits and discuss possible clinical contributions of this technique and directions of future technology development.
Protection against hepatic steatosis and systemic insulin resistance by liver‐specific depletion of p70 S6 kinase (2012)

Obesity‐associated hepatic steatosis is a manifestation of selective insulin resistance whereby lipogenesis remains sensitive to insulin but the ability of insulin to suppress glucose production is impaired. We created a mouse model of liver‐specific knockdown of p70 S6 kinase (S6K) (L‐S6K‐KD) by systemic delivery of an adeno‐associated virus carrying a shRNA for S6K and examined the effects on steatosis and insulin resistance. High fat diet (HFD) fed L‐S6K‐KD mice showed improved glucose tolerance and systemic insulin sensitivity compared to controls, with no changes in food intake or body weight. The induction of lipogenic gene expression was attenuated in the L‐S6K‐KD mice with decreased sterol regulatory element‐binding protein (SREBP)‐1c expression and mature SREBP‐1c protein, as well as decreased steatosis in HFD. Our results demonstrate the importance of S6K: 1. as a modulator of the hepatic response to fasting/refeeding, 2. in the development of steatosis, and 3. as a key node in selective hepatic insulin resistance in obese mice
A Functional Screen Reveals an Extensive Layer of Transcriptional and Splicing Control Underlying RAS/MAPK Signaling in Drosophila (2014)

The small GTPase RAS is among the most prevalent oncogenes. The evolutionarily conserved RAF-MEK-MAPK module that lies downstream of RAS is one of the main conduits through which RAS transmits proliferative signals in normal and cancer cells. Genetic and biochemical studies conducted over the last two decades uncovered a small set of factors regulating RAS/MAPK signaling. Interestingly, most of these were found to control RAF activation, thus suggesting a central regulatory role for this event. Whether additional factors are required at this level or further downstream remains an open question. To obtain a comprehensive view of the elements functionally linked to the RAS/MAPK cascade, we used a quantitative assay in Drosophila S2 cells to conduct a genome-wide RNAi screen for factors impacting RAS-mediated MAPK activation. The screen led to the identification of 101 validated hits, including most of the previously known factors associated to this pathway. Epistasis experiments were then carried out on individual candidates to determine their position relative to core pathway components. While this revealed several new factors acting at different steps along the pathway--including a new protein complex modulating RAF activation--we found that most hits unexpectedly work downstream of MEK and specifically influence MAPK expression. These hits mainly consist of constitutive splicing factors and thereby suggest that splicing plays a specific role in establishing MAPK levels. We further characterized two representative members of this group and surprisingly found that they act by regulating mapk alternative splicing. This study provides an unprecedented assessment of the factors modulating RAS/MAPK signaling in Drosophila. In addition, it suggests that pathway output does not solely rely on classical signaling events, such as those controlling RAF activation, but also on the regulation of MAPK levels. Finally, it indicates that core splicing components can also specifically impact alternative splicing.
Amidation and Structure Relaxation Abolish the Neurotoxicity of the Prion Peptide PrP106–126 in Vivo and in Vitro (2005)

One of the major pathological hallmarks of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs) is the accumulation of a pathogenic (scrapie) isoform (PrP(Sc)) of the cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) primarily in the central nervous system. The synthetic prion peptide PrP106-126 shares many characteristics with PrP(Sc) in that it shows PrP(C)-dependent neurotoxicity both in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, PrP106-126 in vitro neurotoxicity has been closely associated with the ability to form fibrils. Here, we studied the in vivo neurotoxicity of molecular variants of PrP106-126 toward retinal neurons using electroretinographic recordings in mice after intraocular injections of the peptides. We found that amidation and structure relaxation of PrP106-126 significantly reduced the neurotoxicity in vivo. This was also found in vitro in primary neuronal cultures from mouse and rat brain. Thioflavin T binding studies showed that amidation and structure relaxation significantly reduced the ability of PrP106-126 to attain fibrillar structures in physiological salt solutions. This study hence supports the assumption that the neurotoxic potential of PrP106-126 is closely related to its ability to attain secondary structure.
On the Behavioral Foundations of the Law of Supply and Demand: Human Convergence and Robot Randomness (2002)

Abstract This research builds on the work of D.K. Gode and Shyam Sunder who demonstrated the existence of a strong relationship between market institutions and the ability of markets to seek equilibrium—even when the agents themselves have limited intelligence and behave with substantial randomness. The question posed is whether or not market institutions account for the operation of the law of supply and demand in markets populated by humans with no role required of human rationality. Are institutions responsible for the operations of the law of supply and demand or are behavioral principles also at work? Experiments with humans and simulations with robots both conducted in conditions in which major institutional and structural aids to convergence were removed, produced clear answers. Human markets converge, while robot markets do not. The structural and institutional features certainly facilitate convergence under conditions of substantial irrationality, but they are not necessary for convergence in markets in which agents have the rationality of humans.
Structural Characterization of the Human Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 3 Protein Complex by Mass Spectrometry (2007)

Protein synthesis in mammalian cells requires initiation factor eIF3, an approximately 800-kDa protein complex that plays a central role in binding of initiator methionyl-tRNA and mRNA to the 40 S ribosomal subunit to form the 48 S initiation complex. The eIF3 complex also prevents premature association of the 40 and 60 S ribosomal subunits and interacts with other initiation factors involved in start codon selection. The molecular mechanisms by which eIF3 exerts these functions are poorly understood. Since its initial characterization in the 1970s, the exact size, composition, and post-translational modifications of mammalian eIF3 have not been rigorously determined. Two powerful mass spectrometric approaches were used in the present study to determine post-translational modifications that may regulate the activity of eIF3 during the translation initiation process and to characterize the molecular structure of the human eIF3 protein complex purified from HeLa cells. In the first approach, the bottom-up analysis of eIF3 allowed for the identification of a total of 13 protein components (eIF3a-m) with a sequence coverage of approximately 79%. Furthermore 29 phosphorylation sites and several other post-translational modifications were unambiguously identified within the eIF3 complex. The second mass spectrometric approach, involving analysis of intact eIF3, allowed the detection of a complex with each of the 13 subunits present in stoichiometric amounts. Using tandem mass spectrometry four eIF3 subunits (h, i, k, and m) were found to be most easily dissociated and therefore likely to be on the periphery of the complex. It is noteworthy that none of these four subunits were found to be phosphorylated. These data raise interesting questions about the function of phosphorylation as it relates to the core subunits of the complex.
Direct modulation of a double-heterostructure laser using a Schottky-barrier-gate Gunn-effect digital device (1975)

By using a Schottky-barrier-gate Gunn-effect digital device the direct modulation of a GaAs-Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> As double-heterostructure laser was achieved with a rise time of 250 ps. The dependence of the optical waveforms on the bias-current levels was investigated in detail. The results are compared with a rate-equation analysis. A discrepancy between the present theory and the experiment indicates the existence of an additional relaxation mechanism.
Rose Bengal and Non-Polar Derivatives: The Birth of Dye Sensitizers for Photooxidation+ (1984)

The synthesis of a new rose bengal derivative, 6-O-acetyl rose bengal ethyl ester is reported. The spectral properties of various new rose bengal derivatives are discussed in relation to their structures and compared with results found for the other fluorescein dyes in the literature. A concise historical review of the chemistry of fluorescein dyes and of their current applications is given.
EVALUATION OF INTERSECTION-DELAY MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES (1973)

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY WAS TO EVALUATE TWO INTERSECTION-DELAY MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES. AS A RESULT OF AN EXTENSIVE LITERATURE REVIEW, TWO METHODS WERE CHOSEN TO BE THE MOST PRACTICAL FOR FIELD APPLICATION: THE SAGI-CAMPBELL METHOD, WHICH DETERMINES AGGREGATE INTERSECTION DELAY FROM MEASUREMENTS OF INFLOW, OUTFLOW, AND LENGTH OF QUEUES AT VARIOUS POINTS DURING EACH CYCLE, AND THE BERRY-VAN TIL SAMPLING METHOD, WHICH MEASURES STOPPED DELAY COUNTS OF THE NUMBER OF STOPPED VEHICLES AT PREDETERMINED TIME INTERVALS. A TWO-LANE INTERSECTION APPROACH IN ARLINGTON,VIRGINIA, WAS RECORDED ON CLOSED-CIRCUIT REAL-TIME TELEVISION AND FILMED SIMULTANEOUSLY ON TIME-LAPSE SUPER-8 MOVIE FILM FOR FOUR 1-HOUR PERIODS. TRAFFIC CONDITIONS VARIED FROM EXTREMELY LOW TO VERY HIGH SATURATED FLOW. DATA WERE EXTRACTED WHILE VIDEO TAPES WERE PLAYED BACK. DELAYS COMPUTED FROM THE TIME-LAPSE PHOTOGRAPHY WERE USED AS BASES FOR COMPARISON OF RESULTS FROM EITHER OF THE TWO TEST METHODS. IN ADDITION, RESULTS BY THE SAGI-CAMPBELL METHOD WERE COMPARED WITH DELAYS MEASURED BY THE TRAFFIC FLOW METER. RELATIONS BETWEEN VOLUME AND DELAY AND QUEUE LENGTH AND DELAY WERE INVESTIGATED. NEITHER ONE OF THE METHODS PRODUCED CONSISTENT TRENDS IN PREDICTING DELAYS AS COMPARED TO THE TRAFFIC FLOW METER OR PHOTOGRAPHIC METHODS USED AS BASES. EVEN THE BASE METHODS FAILED TO GIVE CONSISTENT, DIRECT RELATIONS.
ZeroPose: CAD-Prompted Zero-shot Object 6D Pose Estimation in Cluttered Scenes (2023)

Many robotics and industry applications have a high demand for the capability to estimate the 6D pose of novel objects from the cluttered scene. However, existing classic pose estimation methods are object-specific, which can only handle the specific objects seen during training. When applied to a novel object, these methods necessitate a cumbersome onboarding process, which involves extensive dataset preparation and model retraining. The extensive duration and resource consumption of onboarding limit their practicality in real-world applications. In this paper, we introduce ZeroPose, a novel zero-shot framework that performs pose estimation following a Discovery-Orientation-Registration (DOR) inference pipeline. This framework generalizes to novel objects without requiring model retraining. Given the CAD model of a novel object, ZeroPose enables in seconds onboarding time to extract visual and geometric embeddings from the CAD model as a prompt. With the prompting of the above embeddings, DOR can discover all related instances and estimate their 6D poses without additional human interaction or presupposing scene conditions. Compared with existing zero-shot methods solved by the render-and-compare paradigm, the DOR pipeline formulates the object pose estimation into a feature-matching problem, which avoids time-consuming online rendering and improves efficiency. Experimental results on the seven datasets show that ZeroPose as a zero-shot method achieves comparable performance with object-specific training methods and outperforms the state-of-the-art zero-shot method with 50x inference speed improvement.
Modelling the self-heating of power devices (2005)

This paper describes how the self4eating effect is included in power device models which are used for circuit simulations. As examples the thermal characteristics of the power MOSFET and the reverse diode are presented. Self-heating is determined by the power dissipation and by the thermal resistance and capacitance of device and package. These parameters are extracted from the observed thermal behavior of the device. The thermal and electrical device characteristics are mathematidy formulated and implemented in the circuit simulator SABER.. Results show the significance of the self-heating effect.