gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved synthesis of polystyrene–poly(ethylene oxide)‐heparin block copolymers (1990)

Abstract A novel procedure for the synthesis of block copolymers composed of a hydrophobic block of polystyrene, a hydrophilic block of poly(ethylene oxide) and a bioactive block of nitrous acid‐degraded heparin was developed. Amino‐semitelechelic polystyrene was prepared by anionic polymerization of styrene in cyclohexane, using sec ‐butyllithium as initiator and N ‐(benzylidene)trimethylsilylamide as terminator. After purification using preparative column chromatography, polystyrene with one amino group per chain and a narrow molecular weight distribution was obtained. The terminal amino group was used in the coupling reaction with amino‐telechelic poly(ethylene oxide) using toluene 2,4‐diisocyanate to produce amino‐semitelechelic polystyrene‐poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymer (PS‐PEO‐NH 2 ). The block copolymer was purified by preparative column chromatographic separations and had a narrow molecular weight distribution. Approximately one amino group per chain was found. When methylene 4,4′‐diphenyl diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate were used as coupling agents low yields of PS‐PEO‐NH 2 were obtained. Polystyrene‐poly(ethylene oxide)‐heparin triblock copolymer was synthesized in a DMF‐H 2 0 (40:1, v/v) mixture by a coupling reaction of PS‐PEO‐NH 2 with nitrous acid‐degraded heparin, in which aldehyde groups react with the primary amino groups of PS‐PEO‐NH 2 at pH 7 in the presence of NaBH 3 CN via reductive amination. Using this procedure, 18–32% w/w heparin was incorporated, corresponding to ±1 PS‐PEO chain per heparin molecule. These procedures enable the synthesis of well defined heparin containing block copolymers, which will be further evaluated for thier blood compatibility.
Rolle von K ATP -Kanälen bei der Ischämie intestinaler Organe Role of KATP-channels in ischaemia of intestinal organs (2005)

Introduction: Metabolic regulation and metabolic stress (ischaemia) are thought to be mediated by metabolically induced changes in the intracellular levels of the adenine nucleotides ATP and ADP. These nucleotides respectively inhibit and activate KATP channels which in turn play an important regulatory role in many tissues. In the pancreas, for example they control the regulated release of insulin. KATP-channels consist of two subunits: the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) and an inwardly rectifying potassium channel (KIR). The aim of this work was to examine the molecular regulation of KATP-channels by nucleotides. It also provides information concerning the influence of ischaemic conditions (where there is a change in the relative concentration of ATP/ADP as a consequence of increased metabolic rate) on KATP-channel function. Methods: To assess the binding of ATP to these recombinant fusion proteins we used fluorescent ATP, TNP-ATP (molecular probes). MBP fusion proteins were constructed containing the C-Termini of KIR1.1, KIR6.1 and KIR6.2. Additionally nicotinamide-adenosine dinucleotides were tested on KIR1.1, KIR6.1 and KIR6.2 in the presence of TNP-ATP. Results: The Carboxy-Termini of KATP-channels bind nucleotides. KIR1.1, KIR6.1 and KIR6.2 have different affinity to TNP-ATP explained in the dissociation constants (Kd). TNP-ATP binding on the KIR-subunits was significantly enhanced by lowering pH from 7.5 to pH 6.5.
Supplementary Data from Integrative Molecular Characterization of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary materials and methods, as well as supplementary figures S1-S7.&lt;/p&gt;
Direct Visualization of Disulfide Bonds through Diselenide Proxies Using 77Se NMR Spectroscopy (2009)

Se-ing is believing: Many proteins are cross-braced by disulfide bonds that frequently play key roles in protein structure, folding, and function. Unfortunately, the methods available for assignment of disulfide-bond connectivities in proteins are technically difficult and prone to misinterpretation. Now disulfide bond connectivities in native proteins can be visualized directly using 77Se NMR spectroscopy.
Long range interactions in nanoscale science (2010)

Our understanding of the ``long range'' electrodynamic, electrostatic, and polar interactions that dominate the organization of small objects at separations beyond an interatomic bond length is reviewed. From this basic-forces perspective, a large number of systems are described from which one can learn about these organizing forces and how to modulate them. The many practical systems that harness these nanoscale forces are then surveyed. The survey reveals not only the promise of new devices and materials, but also the possibility of designing them more effectively.
Relationship between Residual Urine Output and Type of Dialysis with FGF23 Levels (2022)

Several studies investigated the role of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) in the regulation of renal phosphate excretion in chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, patients with residual urine output (UO) seem to control their serum phosphorus levels better. Our aim was to determine whether FGF23 levels are influenced by dialysis modality and UO. We performed a cross-sectional study in hemodialysis (HD) and peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. The C-terminal FGF23 (cFGF23) levels were determined in plasma with a two-site enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The UO collection referred to an mL/day measurement. All p values were two-sided, and the statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. We enrolled 133 patients (58 HD, 75 PD, UO 70%). The median cFGF23 was significantly higher in HD vs. PD patients (p = 0.0017) and not significantly higher in patients without UO (p = 0.12). We found a negative correlation between cFGF23 and the UO volume (p = 0.0250), but the correlation was not significant when considering the type of dialysis treatment. Phosphorus (ß = 0.21677; p = 0.0007), type of dialysis (ß = −0.68392; p = 0.0003), and creatinine (ß = 0.08130; p = 0.0133) were significant and independent predictors of cFGF23 levels. In conclusion, cFGF23 was significantly higher in HD than in PD patients. We found a significant negative correlation between cFGF23 and the residual UO volume, but the correlation was not significant considering the type of dialysis. Our study reveals that dialysis modality is an independent predictor of FGF23 levels. In particular, PD is associated with lower FGF23 levels than HD.
MIMO Radar Waveforms Using Orthogonal Complementary Codes with Doppler-Offset (2017)

This paper proposes multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar waveforms consisting of Doppler-offset orthogonal complementary codes (DO-OCC) for raising the Doppler resilience of MIMO radar systems. The DO-OCC waveforms have low cross-correlation among multiplexed waves and a low autocorrelation peak sidelobe level (PSL) even in the Doppler shift condition. They are verified by computer simulations and measurements. Computer simulations show that the peak sidelobe ratio (PSR) of the DO-OCC exceeds over 60dB and the desired to undesired signal power ratio (DUR) is over 60dB in the case that the Doppler shift is 0.048 rad per pulse repetition interval (PRI). And through the experimental measurements, it has been verified that the PSR of the DO-OCC is over 40dB and the DUR is over 50dB in the case that Doppler shift is 0.05 rad per PRI and that The DO-OCC waveforms enable to maintain the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation accuracy for moving targets as almost same as the one for static targets. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed MIMO waveforms in achieving Doppler tolerance while maintaining orthogonality and autocorrelation properties.
Genetic Mechanisms of Immune Evasion in Colorectal Cancer (2018)

To understand the genetic drivers of immune recognition and evasion in colorectal cancer, we analyzed 1,211 colorectal cancer primary tumor samples, including 179 classified as microsatellite instability–high (MSI-high). This set includes The Cancer Genome Atlas colorectal cancer cohort of 592 samples, completed and analyzed here. MSI-high, a hypermutated, immunogenic subtype of colorectal cancer, had a high rate of significantly mutated genes in important immune-modulating pathways and in the antigen presentation machinery, including biallelic losses of B2M and HLA genes due to copy-number alterations and copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity. WNT/β-catenin signaling genes were significantly mutated in all colorectal cancer subtypes, and activated WNT/β-catenin signaling was correlated with the absence of T-cell infiltration. This largescale genomic analysis of colorectal cancer demonstrates that MSI-high cases frequently undergo an immunoediting process that provides them with genetic events allowing immune escape despite high mutational load and frequent lymphocytic infiltration and, furthermore, that colorectal cancer tumors have genetic and methylation events associated with activated WNT signaling and T-cell exclusion. SIGNIFICANCE: This multi-omic analysis of 1,211 colorectal cancer primary tumors reveals that it should be possible to better monitor resistance in the 15% of cases that respond to immune blockade therapy and also to use WNT signaling inhibitors to reverse immune exclusion in the 85% of cases that currently do not.
Flavonoids syntheses. V. Synthesis of flavonoids with three hydroxy and four methoxy groups and their spectral properties. (1987)

Twelve flavonoids with three hydroxy and four methoxy groups located at C-2', 3', 4', 5, 6, 6', 7 (1-4), C-2', 3', 4', 5, 6', 7, 8 (5), C-2', 3, 4', 5, 5', 6, 7 (6-11) and C-2', 3, 4', 5, 5', 7, 8 (12) were synthesized to confirm the structure of NAS-3 and to investigate the spectral properties of the hepta-oxygenated flavonoids. The methods used to prepare the tetra-oxygenated benzaldehydes (14-19) for the B ring moieties are also described.
CRISPR-Cpf1 mediates efficient homology-directed repair and temperature-controlled genome editing (2017)

Cpf1 is a novel class of CRISPR-Cas DNA endonucleases, with a wide range of activity across different eukaryotic systems. Yet, the underlying determinants of this variability are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that LbCpf1, but not AsCpf1, ribonucleoprotein complexes allow efficient mutagenesis in zebrafish and Xenopus . We show that temperature modulates Cpf1 activity by controlling its ability to access genomic DNA. This effect is stronger on AsCpf1, explaining its lower efficiency in ectothermic organisms. We capitalize on this property to show that temporal control of the temperature allows post-translational modulation of Cpf1-mediated genome editing. Finally, we determine that LbCpf1 significantly increases homology-directed repair in zebrafish, improving current approaches for targeted DNA integration in the genome. Together, we provide a molecular understanding of Cpf1 activity in vivo and establish Cpf1 as an efficient and inducible genome engineering tool across ectothermic species.
Thermo‐Mechanical Properties of an Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni–VC Shape Memory Alloy with Low Transformation Temperature (2011)

Abstract Fe‐based shape memory alloys are supposed to be an interesting and cost‐effective alternative to NiTi‐based alloys. In this work, the thermo‐mechanical behavior of a novel Fe–Mn–Si–Cr–Ni–VC shape memory alloy produced using standard air‐casting facilities is characterized as well as in the hot forged and cold rolled state. Besides a certain pseudoelasticity, the alloy shows good shape recovery properties and remarkably high shape memory stresses after heating to temperatures of only 160 °C, making the alloy interesting for commercial applications that make use of the shape memory effect.
A three-party architecture and protocol that supports users with multiple identities for use with location based services (2008)

In this paper we describe an architecture that supports the secure operation of Location Based Services (LBSs) over the Internet. In particular, we describe a three-party protocol that is used to mutually identify and authenticate users, LBSs, and a trusted middleware infrastructure that is responsible for managing the users' identity and location information. This authentication protocol is based upon the X.509 two-way authentication protocol and a mediated identity based cryptography system, and it enables users to identify and authenticate themselves to the infrastructure using their real identities. In order to preserve the users' privacy, they can identify and authenticate themselves to the LBSs using pseudonyms. This protocol can be subsequently used to exchange messages containing location information, and the confidentiality, integrity, and non-repudiation of these messages can be demonstrated.
On objectives and algorithms of inverse methods in microlithography (2006)

Inverse microlithography solves problem of finding the best mask to print target layout. We present theoretical analysis of objective functions and algorithms that are used for inversion. We analyze complexity, speed and limitations of the inverse algorithms.
The role of fibrocytes in progressive renal fibrosis (2007)

Fibrosis is a common pathway resulting in organ failure. Renal fibrosis is a progressive and potentially lethal disease caused by diverse clinical entities. The degree of renal fibrosis well correlates with the prognosis of renal diseases independent of their etiologies. Fibrocytes are peculiar circulating cells that share markers of leukocytes as well as mesenchymal cells. A considerable number of fibrocytes dual positive for CD45 and type I collagen or CD34 and type I collagen infiltrated the interstitium along with the progression of fibrosis in an experimental murine renal fibrosis model. Most fibrocytes in the kidneys were positive for CCR7. In addition, a ligand for CCR7, secondary lymphoid tissue chemokine (SLC/CCL21) co-localized with high endothelial venule-like vessels in fibrotic kidneys. CCL21/CCR7 blockade reduced the number of infiltrating fibrocytes as well as the extent of renal fibrosis, which was confirmed by a decrease in renal transcripts of pro α1 chain of type I collagen and transforming growth factor-β1. These findings suggest that CCL21/CCR7 signaling contributes to the progressive renal fibrosis through the regulation of fibrocytes.
Extraction and visualization of numerical and named entity information from a large number of documents (2008)

We have developed a system that can semi automatically extract numerical and named entity sets from a large number of Japanese documents and can create various kinds of tables and graphs. In our experiments, our system has semiautomatically created approximately 300 kinds of graphs and tables at precisions of 0.2–0.8 with only two hours of manual preparation from a two-year stack of newspapers articles. Note that these newspaper articles contained a large quantity of data, and all of them could not be read or checked manually in such a short amount of time. From this perspective, we concluded that our system is useful and convenient for extracting information from a large number of documents.
Virtual Issue on Plasmonic-Based Sensing (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTVirtual Issue on Plasmonic-Based SensingRomain Quidant, Bin Ren, and Michael J. SailorView Author Information ICFO − The Institute of Photonic Sciences & ICREA - Institució Catalana de recerca i Estudis avançats, Barcelona, Spain Xiamen University, Xiamen, China University of California, San Diego, San Diego, United StatesCite this: ACS Photonics 2017, 4, 10, 2382–2384Publication Date (Web):October 18, 2017Publication History Received14 September 2017Accepted18 September 2017Published online18 October 2017Published inissue 18 October 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01062https://doi.org/10.1021/acsphotonics.7b01062editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1822Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (409 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Metal nanoparticles,Nanostructures,Plasmonic nanoparticles,Plasmonics,Sensors Get e-Alerts
Chemical vapor deposition of Si nanowires nucleated by TiSi2 islands on Si (2000)

Silicon “nanowires” can be formed by chemical vapor deposition of Si onto Si substrates on which nanometer-scale, Ti-containing islands have been grown. At the growth temperatures used, the Ti-containing islands remain solid and anchored to the substrate, while the Si nanowires grow out from the islands, which remain at their bases. The nanowire growth mechanism, therefore, differs from the usual vapor-liquid-solid process and provides a potential route for the formation of oriented Si nanostructures or semiconductor-metal-semiconductor structures compatible with Si integrated circuits.
Continuous fractionation of an ionene containing cycloaliphatic moieties and the dependence of the glass transition temperature on molar mass (1995)

Abstract About 340 g of a cycloaliphatic ionene (see formula given in the introduction) were fractionated by a continuous counter‐current extraction method (CPF). The efficiency of the separation was checked by viscometry and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Ten different fractions with number average molecular masses between 16 000 and 29 000 D were obtained and their glass transition temperatures T g determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for their bromide and tetrafluoroborate salts. No molecular weight dependence of T g was found, in contrast to recently reported results with aliphatic ionenes, where — in case of the bromide — T g increases with rising molecular weight.
New Identities for Critical-Point Constraints with Application to Cubic Equations of State (2004)

This work presents a new mathematical condition and procedure for application of the classical critical-point constraints for pure components. Although the condition applies to any EoS, the applications in this work are to cubic EoS. Using the generalized cubic EoS, we have developed algebraic equations that relate the critical Z-factor, ZC, to the parameters in the particular cubic EoS. We then proceeded to examine particular equations with two to five parameters.
Classifying Spend Descriptions with Off-the-Shelf Learning Components (2008)

Analyzing spend transactions is essential to organizations for understanding their global procurement. Central to this analysis is the automated classification of these transactions to hierarchical commodity coding systems. Spend classification is challenging due not only to the complexities of the commodity coding systems but also because of the sparseness and quality of each individual transaction text description and the volume of such transactions in an organization. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of off-the-shelf machine learning tools to address the challenges in spend classification. We have built a system using off-the-shelf SVM, logistic regression, and language processing toolkits and describe the effectiveness of these different learning techniques for spend classification.
Preclinical pharmacology of lumiracoxib: a novel selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2 (2005)

1. This manuscript presents the preclinical profile of lumiracoxib, a novel cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor. 2. Lumiracoxib inhibited purified COX-1 and COX-2 with K(i) values of 3 and 0.06 microM, respectively. In cellular assays, lumiracoxib had an IC(50) of 0.14 microM in COX-2-expressing dermal fibroblasts, but caused no inhibition of COX-1 at concentrations up to 30 microM (HEK 293 cells transfected with human COX-1). 3. In a human whole blood assay, IC(50) values for lumiracoxib were 0.13 microM for COX-2 and 67 microM for COX-1 (COX-1/COX-2 selectivity ratio 515). 4. Lumiracoxib was rapidly absorbed following oral administration in rats with peak plasma levels being reached between 0.5 and 1 h. 5. Ex vivo, lumiracoxib inhibited COX-1-derived thromboxane B(2) (TxB(2)) generation with an ID(50) of 33 mg kg(-1), whereas COX-2-derived production of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated rat air pouch was inhibited with an ID(50) value of 0.24 mg kg(-1). 6. Efficacy of lumiracoxib in rat models of hyperalgesia, oedema, pyresis and arthritis was dose-dependent and similar to diclofenac. However, consistent with its low COX-1 inhibitory activity, lumiracoxib at a dose of 100 mg kg(-1) orally caused no ulcers and was significantly less ulcerogenic than diclofenac (P<0.05). 7. Lumiracoxib is a highly selective COX-2 inhibitor with anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities comparable with diclofenac, the reference NSAID, but with much improved gastrointestinal safety.
Control of the wave induced vibrations in Air Cushion Catamarans (2002)

A well known limit of air cushion catamarans is the so called "cobblestone effect", a resonance phenomenon, which is due to the interaction between the ship body and the air cushion dynamics, excited by the incoming waves. The problem of designing a Ride Control System for the attenuation of the wave induced vertical accelerations of a Surface Effect Ship (SES) is considered. It is shown that the damping of two basic resonant modes can be achieved by two independent control loops. Such a decoupled control scheme exploits the intrinsic orthogonality of the two oscillation phenomena.
Techniques for Distinguishing Apoptosis from Necrosis in Cerebrocortical and Cerebellar Neurons (2003)

AbstructApoptosis is a form of regulated cell death, characterized by a series of morphological alterations including cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, pyknosis of the nucleus, and multistep chromatin degradation (see references in Bonfoco et al., 1995 and in Ankarcrona et al., 1995). The latter includes the cleavage of DNA into high (700–50 kbp) and low (oligonucleosomal) fragments. Despite the exponential growth of research on apoptosis during the past few years, the detection of this form of cell death both in vitro and in vivo has primarily relied on morphological criteria. Thus, electron and light microscopy have been the techniques of choice to identify apoptotic cells. Nevertheless, detection of apoptosis based on purely morphological criteria has some limitations. It cannot be utilized to efficiently screen large numbers of samples. Further, it is becoming increasingly clear that different cell types may adopt different morphological patterns of involution, and even the same cell type may vary in appearance in response to disparate apoptotic stimuli. For example, the morphological appearance of immature T-lymphocytes undergoing apoptosis after treatment with dexamethasone differs from that of T-cells killed by FAS/APO1.