gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interference Handling Challenges toward Full Duplex Evolution in 5G and Beyond Cellular Networks (2021)

Full duplex is a scheme that changes the duplexing paradigm in wireless communication networks. Enabled by self-interference cancellation methodology, it unlocks the potential to improve frequency utilization efficiency and reduce resource allocation latency. However, embracing the full duplex scheme in a mobile network can lead to complications in terms of cross-link interference among network entities. As a matter of fact, a successful network integration for the scheme must consider handling these emerging types of interference. On the other hand, diversification in evolving 5G networks - struggling to address unprecedented broad demands - allows the opportunity to consider full duplex operation at a newly emerging network entity type, which is the integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node. Indeed, this might be the beginning of a network adoption series for the scheme. For instance, the non-terrestrial network, another newly emerging use case, can be the next to benefit from full duplex resource utilization. On the matter of standardized solutions, 3GPP has specified several cross-link interference handling mechanisms, which eases the integration process of the scheme at the network infrastructure level, and paves the way for later phases of user equipment adoption. This incremental network adoption ensures the required technological maturity of self-interference cancellation. In practical terms, self-interference cancellation requirements depend on device type and its deployment environment. As the environment defines the properties of the self-interference channel, it must be known to the self-interference canceller. To assess the full duplex adoption feasibility in the IAB use case, we present experimental study outcomes of self-interference channel measurement addressing the outdoor deployment scenario of an IAB node.
Artificial neural networks: application to electrical stimulation of the human nervous system (1997)

Spinal cord stimulation is limited by the uncomfortable side effects experienced by the patient as the amplitude of stimulation is increased. These side effects include local segmental paresthesias or motor responses, which are objectively demonstrable as frequency-following muscle contractions, attributable to dorsal root stimulation. The authors present evidence for another mechanism of stimulation-evoked discomfort, namely recruitment of small fibers in ligamentum flavum, which occurs when electrodes are inserted percutaneously and their contacts are exposed circumferentially; this does not occur with plate electrodes with insulated dorsal surfaces. In a consecutive series of 79 patients with postsurgical lumbar pain syndromes, percutaneous four-contact electrodes were tested at levels from T-8 through T-12. At one or more levels, 46% of patients described paravertebral, nonradiating discomfort, unaccompanied by frequency-following muscle contractions. This was observed most commonly at the T-8 and T-9 levels. The effect was ameliorated in some cases by using multiple cathodes in parallel, which reduced the current density at individual contacts. In 10 of these patients, this side effect interfered with an otherwise successful trial to such a degree that an insulated plate electrode was selected for permanent implantation at the same level as the percutaneous electrode. This eliminated the uncomfortable side effect completely in all patients. Intraoperative testing with the insulated plate electrode inverted (that is, contacts dorsal) reproduced the side effect in the majority of patients, indicating that structures dorsal to the electrode, such as fibers in ligamentum flavum, mediate the effect. Postoperative testing by computerized techniques demonstrated improved coverage of pain by stimulation paresthesias, with lower stimulation power requirements, using the insulated plate electrode. This technical limitation of percutaneous spinal cord stimulation electrodes, which may confound treatment if unrecognized, has been found to have a straightforward solution which indicates the underlying mechanism.
Speeding up Block Propagation in Bitcoin Network: A Cut-through Relaying Scheme (2021)

We design and validate a new block propagation protocol for the peer-to-peer (P2P) network of the Bitcoin blockchain. Despite its strong protection for security and privacy, the current Bitcoin blockchain can only support a low number of transactions per second (TPS). In this work, we redesign the current Bitcoin&#x0027;s networking protocol to increase TPS without changing vital components in its consensus-building protocol. In particular, we improve the compact-block relaying protocol to enable the propagation of blocks containing a massive number of transactions without inducing extra propagation latency. This improvement is achieved by replacing the existing store-and-forward compact-block relaying scheme with a cut-through compact-block relaying scheme. Since our protocol only needs to rework the current Bitcoin&#x0027;s networking protocol and does not modify the data structures and crypto-functional components, it can be seamlessly incorporated into the existing Bitcoin blockchain. To validate our design, we implement a Bitcoin network simulator on Network Simulator-3 (NS-3) to run different block propagation protocols. The experimental results confirm that our new block propagation protocol could increase the TPS of the Bitcoin blockchain by 100x without compromising security and consensus-building.
Attempts to transmit hepatitis B virus to chimpanzees by arthropods. (1991)

Bedbugs (Cimex lectularius L.) were fed on an infective blood-hepatitis B virus (HBV) mixture. Further bedbugs and tampan ticks (Ornithodoros moubata [Murray]) were fed on HBV-carrier chimpanzees. After a 10-13 day interval for oviposition, tests done on samples of individual arthropods showed that 53-85% of the bugs were HBsAg-positive and none HBeAg-positive, while 100% of the ticks were HBsAg-positive and 88% HBeAg-positive. The remaining arthropods were fed on 3 susceptible chimpanzees, which had failed to develop HBV infection after 11 months, indicating no transmission had occurred. Subsequently the presence of viable virus in the original infective meals was confirmed by inoculation of the relevant donor sera directly into the 3 still susceptible chimpanzees. HBV infections quickly followed in each animal. It is concluded that, while mechanical transmission of HBV is most unlikely after a 10-13-day interval between feedings in bedbugs and tampans, it is still possible that mechanical transmission between humans might occur during interrupted feeds.
Power conversion and integrated circuit architecture for high voltage piezoelectric energy harvesting (2012)

Using harvesting energy to extend Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSN) operating life or even supply them, has become a topic of growing interest over the last decades. This paper presents the architecture of a fully autonomous Integrated Circuit which efficiently harvests energy from low frequency mechanical stresses. This circuit uses a high voltage piezoelectric transducer and provides energy to a storage element (battery or capacitor) at lower voltage (2.8 to 3.4V). We propose an innovative way to extract the electrostatic energy by using a modified Flyback topology and multiple magnetic transfers. Measurements show that our solution increases the energy transfer with a gain of 15% compared to the classical technique. We show that this work improves the efficiencies of both power and control stages. Finally, the control circuit of the Flyback converter will perform a self-starting operation from an empty energy storage element and is currently being designed in AMS0.35 CMOS technology.
Semi-Automatic Framework for Traffic Landmark Annotation (2021)

We present a semi-automatic annotation method to build a large dataset for traffic landmark detection, where traffic landmarks include traffic signs, traffic lights as well as road markings. Labor-intensive bounding box tagging is a huge challenge to generate a large dataset for detection algorithms. To mitigate the labor, we adopt a high-definition (HD) map and a positioning system. We propose a process to align the HD map and images semi-automatically. Through the registration, the annotations of the HD map can be directly tagged onto traffic landmarks in the images. To make full use of the HD map for the dataset generation, we annotate the traffic landmarks with reference points, following the way that they are represented in the HD map, instead of the bounding boxes. The proposed semi-automatic method speeds up the annotation by a factor of 3.19, as compared to the manual annotation. Our dataset consists of about 150,000 images and includes about 470,000 annotated traffic landmarks. We train a deep neural network on our dataset to detect the traffic landmarks, and its performance is evaluated using a novel evaluation metric. Moreover, we show that the pretrained traffic landmark detection network is effective in detecting traffic landmarks in other countries using the bounding box by fine-tuning.
Data from Human Melanoma Metastases Demonstrate Nonstochastic Site-Specific Antigen Heterogeneity That Correlates with T-cell Infiltration (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Metastasis heterogeneity presents a significant obstacle to the development of targeted cancer therapeutics. In this study, we sought to establish from a large series of human melanoma metastases whether there exists a determined pattern in tumor cellular heterogeneity that may guide the development of future targeted immunotherapies.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; From a cohort of 1,514 patients with metastatic melanoma, biopsies were procured over a 17-year period from 3,086 metastatic tumors involving various anatomic sites. To allow specific tumor cell profiling, we used established immunohistochemical methods to perform semiquantitative assessment for a panel of prototypic melanocyte differentiation antigens (MDA), including gp100, MART-1, and tyrosinase. To gain insight into the endogenous host immune response against these tumors, we further characterized tumor cell expression of MHC I and MHC II and, also, the concomitant CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltrate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Tumor cell profiling for MDA expression demonstrated an anatomic site-specific pattern of antigen expression that was highest in brain, intermediate in soft tissues/lymph nodes, and lowest in visceral metastases. Hierarchical clustering analysis supported that melanoma metastases have a phylogenetically determined, rather than a stochastic, pattern of antigen expression that varies by anatomic site. Furthermore, tyrosinase expression was more frequently lost in metastatic sites outside of the brain and was uniquely correlated with both endogenous CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; and CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T-cell infiltrates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Site-specific antigen heterogeneity represents a novel attribute for human melanoma metastases that should be considered in future therapy development and when assessing the responsiveness to antigen-specific immunotherapies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(10); 2607–16. ©2014 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Human NK Cells Expressing α4β1/β7 Adhere to VCAM‐1 Without Preactivation (1994)

The authors demonstrate that resting CD56+/CD3- NK cell adhesion to the endothelial VCAM-1 is over three-fold higher than CD56-/CD3+ T-cell adhesion. T-cell, but not NK-cell adhesion, to VCAM-1 is enhanced significantly by stimulation. The expression of VCAM-1 receptor subunits alpha 4 and beta 1 on both effector cells remains unchanged upon stimulation. A subpopulation of NK cells, as well as of T cells, was found to express beta 7, whose expression was not altered upon stimulation. The authors conclude that the adhesive properties of the same receptor structures on these distinct cell populations are regulated in a different manner, according to the specific functions of the effector cells of the immune system.
Proteasome 26S Subunit, non-ATPase 3 (PSMD3) Regulates Breast Cancer by Stabilizing HER2 from Degradation (2019)

It is well-known that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is critical for breast cancer (BC) development and progression. Several studies have revealed the role of the ubiquitin/proteasome system (UPS) in cancer. In this study, we investigated the expression level of Proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 3 (PSMD3) in BC using BC cell lines, human BC tissue samples, Oncomine, and TCGA databases and studied the PSMD3-HER2 protein interaction. PSMD3 was upregulated in BC, particularly in the HER2+ subtype. PSMD3 immunostaining was detected in the cytoplasm and nucleus of BC tumor tissues. Strong interaction between PSMD3 and HER2 at the protein level was observed. Knockdown of PSMD3 significantly impaired the stability of HER2, inhibited BC cell proliferation and colony formation, and induced cell apoptosis. Ubiquitination process was strongly enhanced after knockdown of PSMD3 in association with decreased HER2 level. Accumulation and Localization of LAMP-1 in the cell membrane with decreased HER2 immunostaining was observed after knockdown of PSMD3. High expression level of PSMD3 was associated with HER2 expression (<i>p</i> < 0.001), tumor size (<i>p</i> < 0.001), and clinical stage (<i>p</i> = 0.036). High expression level of PSMD3 predicted a short overall survival (OS), particularly for HER2+. Overall, we provide a novel function for PSMD3 in stabilizing HER2 from degradation in HER2+ BC, which suggests that PSMD3 is a novel target for HER2+ BC.
Numerical synthesis and analysis of robust discrete time feedback control for nonlinear systems with parametric uncertainties (2005)

A method of numerically determining discrete time state feedback control inputs for nonlinear systems in a canonical form with parametric uncertainties is proposed. This method is based conceptually on sliding mode control and may be implemented practically by performing intensive computations off line to create a lookup table used in real time. Methods for numerically analyzing the behavior of the closed loop system are developed and proposed. In particular, reasonable sufficient conditions are established for the exponential stability of the uncertain system. These conditions may be evaluated numerically in a practical manner. This analysis method is demonstrated in the analysis of the closed loop behaviour of a system with the aforementioned numerically synthesized control law applied. This analysis method may be applied to any discrete time control law that attempts to emulate a sliding controller by forcing the system state near to a target manifold.
Rapid tuning shifts in human auditory cortex enhance speech intelligibility (2016)

Experience shapes our perception of the world on a moment-to-moment basis. This robust perceptual effect of experience parallels a change in the neural representation of stimulus features, though the nature of this representation and its plasticity are not well-understood. Spectrotemporal receptive field (STRF) mapping describes the neural response to acoustic features, and has been used to study contextual effects on auditory receptive fields in animal models. We performed a STRF plasticity analysis on electrophysiological data from recordings obtained directly from the human auditory cortex. Here, we report rapid, automatic plasticity of the spectrotemporal response of recorded neural ensembles, driven by previous experience with acoustic and linguistic information, and with a neurophysiological effect in the sub-second range. This plasticity reflects increased sensitivity to spectrotemporal features, enhancing the extraction of more speech-like features from a degraded stimulus and providing the physiological basis for the observed 'perceptual enhancement' in understanding speech.
Consecutive Reaction Monitoring (CRM) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy's Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Prevalência e relação de fatores emocionais e clínicos em pacientes com discopatia degenerativa (2010)

OBJETIVOS: descrever as condições psicossociais, no momento da indicação cirúrgica, dos pacientes com dor lombar crônica causada por discopatia degenerativa. MÉTODOS: em uma série de 32 casos de discopatia degenerativa eletivos para cirurgia, foi realizada avaliação psicológica pré-operatória. Nesta avaliação, foram colhidos dados demográficos e sociais: sexo, idade, situação ocupacional atual, ocorrência de afastamento por invalidez; e dados clínico-psicológicos: dor, restrição física, utilização de medicamento psiquiátrico controlado; grau de ansiedade; grau de depressão; grau de desesperança; expectativas frente ao objetivo cirúrgico. RESULTADOS: o grupo foi composto de 13 mulheres e 14 homens, com média de idade de 44,3 anos (23 a 65 anos). Os parâmetros de dor e restrição física estão dentro de valores geralmente indicativos de cirurgia, não indicando nenhuma peculiaridade no grupo estudado. Foi evidenciada uma alta e correlacionada prevalência de alterações psicológicas nos pacientes: 50% em quadro depressivo, 54% em quadro de ansiedade e 22% em quadro de desesperança. Além disso, foi possível evidenciar altos índices de afastamento do trabalho por invalidez física e correlação da presença de ansiedade e/ou depressão com casos em que haviam expectativas deturpadas quanto ao resultado cirúrgico. CONCLUSÕES: dor lombar crônica é acompanhada de quadros de dor e de alterações psicológicas, como ansiedade, depressão e desesperança. Esses parâmetros evidenciam a necessidade de avaliação psicológica pré-cirúrgica e acompanhamento posterior, visando à reabilitação do paciente.
A tale of two gases: NO and H2S, foes or friends for life? (2013)

Nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) have emerged as dominant redox regulators of numerous aspects of cellular and physiological functions within several organ systems included cardiovascular, immune and neurological tissues. Recent studies have begun to reveal that these two gaseous molecules may have redundant or overlapping pathophysiological functions often involving similar molecular targets. However, it remains less clear when and how NO and H2S may interact under biological and disease processes. In this graphical review, we discuss the current understanding of NO and H2S interactions and how they may functionally influence each other and what this may mean for biology and mechanisms of disease.
Ultrafast Charge Separation from Highly Reductive ZnTe/CdSe Type II Quantum Dots (2012)

The low electron affinity of ZnTe quantum dots (QDs) makes it of interest for critically important photocatalytic processes. However, studies of charge transfer from such materials to adsorbates have not been reported. Here, the ultrafast internal and external charge separation dynamics in ZnTe/CdSe core/shell type II QDs have been studied through femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. The internal electron transfer time from a ZnTe core to a CdSe shell was found to be 0.67 ps, while the external electron transfer time from QDs to adsorbed molecules was found to be <0.2 ps. Such a fast external charge separation time is due to the extraordinarily high conduction band energy potential of this QD composition. This study indicates the preservation of high photodriven reductive abilities in the ZnTe/CdSe core/shell type II heterostructures.
Low cost triazatruxene hole transporting material for >20% efficiency perovskite solar cells (2018)

Organic hole-transporting materials (HTM) have shown excellent ability in achieving high efficiency perovskite solar cells.
Superconductivity in sputtered CuMo6S8 (1977)

Samples were prepared by melting the metals, followed by annealing to various temperatures. The result was a structurally weak material. Sputtered films on sapphire substrates were prepared and studied. The substrates give the films mechanical strength and permit easy attachment of electrical leads. Materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, electrical resistance vs. temperature, and critical current measurements. Some of the results on CuMo6S8 are presented.
Association Between Early Hyperoxia Exposure After Resuscitation From Cardiac Arrest and Neurological Disability: Prospective Multicenter Protocol-Directed Cohort Study. (2018)

Early hyperoxia exposure after resuscitation from cardiac arrest was independently associated with poor neurological function at hospital discharge.
Nanoporous materials for improved performance in electrochemical pseudocapacitors and batteries (2013)

Nanoporous materials provide exciting opportunities for improving the performance of electrochem. energy-storage devices such as pseudocapacitors and batteries. By producing materials with controlled porosity and high surface area, systems can be optimized for applications where performance is detd. by elec. connectivity, electrolyte access, and surface redox. Here, we first examine porous pseudocapacitors built from nanocrystal building-blocks. The architecture produces fast redox kinetic with a variety of porous metal-oxides materials. Composite systems are also produced that combine efficient elec. cond. with kinetically accessible redox sites. Moreover, in some materials we find that pore flexibility combined with short diffusion lengths produces a phenomena called intercalation pseudocapacitance, where traditional battery-like intercalation become kinetically facile. For high-capacity anodes, we examine porous silicon produce by redn. of template porous silica. Here, the mech. flexibility of nanoporous materials can produce robust cycling behavior, despite the large vol. increase that occurs in silicon upon alloying with lithium.