gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Network Deployment Using Carrier Aggregation between Macro and Small Cells (2013)

This paper evaluates the downlink performance of an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) heterogeneous network that uses carrier aggregation (CA) between macro and small cells. The concept of utilizing the CA functionalities in LTE-A is effective in increasing the network capacity in a congested area through raising of the base station density using small cells overlaid onto an existing macro cell network. This concept is also effective in maintaining the mobility performance of user equipment (UE) because handover operation is not applied when entering/leaving a small cell, but component carrier addition/removal is only performed through CA while maintaining the connection to a macro cell. In order to present comprehensive performance evaluations in an LTE-A heterogeneous network with CA, this paper evaluates various performance criteria, e.g., downlink cell throughput and downlink user throughput. According to the obtained simulation results, the total downlink cell throughput achieved in an LTE-A heterogeneous network deployment with CA (four small cells overlaid onto a macro cell sector) exhibits a 3.9-fold improvement compared to a conventional-macro-cell-only network deployment using two frequency bands.
ESD Power Clamps (2011)

Development of Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) power clamps and the synthesis into the semiconductor chip architecture is part of the ESD design discipline and an essential component of the art of ESD design. This chapter focuses on the classification of the ESD power clamps, key design parameters, the ESD power clamp design window, trigger elements, clamp devices, and issues and problems with the ESD power clamp. In the ESD power clamp, the “trigger feature” is critical to initiate the ESD power clamp. For ESD protection power clamps, two basic functions are the trigger network and the “shunt” network. Bipolar and bipolar-CMOS (BiCMOS) technologies are used today for analog and mixed signal semiconductor chips. The chapter shows a master/slave ESD system for a full-chip ESD design implementation using an RC-triggered MOSFET network. Controlled Vocabulary Terms BiCMOS analogue integrated circuits; clamps; electrostatic discharge; MOSFET
Allosteric regulation and crystallographic fragment screening of SARS-CoV-2 NSP15 endoribonuclease (2023)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The NSP15 endoribonuclease enzyme, known as NendoU, is highly conserved and plays a critical role in the ability of the virus to evade the immune system. NendoU is a promising target for the development of new antiviral drugs. However, the complexity of the enzyme's structure and kinetics, along with the broad range of recognition sequences and lack of structural complexes, hampers the development of inhibitors. Here, we performed enzymatic characterization of NendoU in its monomeric and hexameric form, showing that hexamers are allosteric enzymes with a positive cooperative index, and with no influence of manganese on enzymatic activity. Through combining cryo-electron microscopy at different pHs, X-ray crystallography and biochemical and structural analysis, we showed that NendoU can shift between open and closed forms, which probably correspond to active and inactive states, respectively. We also explored the possibility of NendoU assembling into larger supramolecular structures and proposed a mechanism for allosteric regulation. In addition, we conducted a large fragment screening campaign against NendoU and identified several new allosteric sites that could be targeted for the development of new inhibitors. Overall, our findings provide insights into the complex structure and function of NendoU and offer new opportunities for the development of inhibitors.
Thermal disintegration of carbon fullerenes (1993)

The process of thermal disintegration of carbon fullerenes is simulated by molecular dynamics using a tight-binding-force model. The most commonly observed fragments after the disintegration of carbon fullerenes are dimers, rings, and multiple rings. The fragmentation temperatures are obtained for fullerenes ranging from ${\mathrm{C}}_{20}$ to ${\mathrm{C}}_{90}$. The fragmentation temperature increases almost linearly with the cluster size for small cages (n\ensuremath{\le}58), but becomes almost constant for larger fullerenes (n=60 and n\ensuremath{\ge}70). The effets of electronic entropy on the fragmentation temperature of fullerene are also discussed.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (2013)

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A study of the clinical profile of atrial fibrillation in a tertiary care super-specialty referral centre in Central Nepal (2013)

Background The conventional causes and risk factors for atrial fibrillation (AF) are somewhat arbitrary; overlap exists, multiple aetiologies are often present in one individual, and clinical presentation is non- specific. This study was an attempt to study the clinical and echocardiographic profile of patients with AF in a tertiary care super-specialty hospital of a developing country. Materials and Methods This study was conducted in College of Medical Sciences, Chitwan, Nepal throughout the year 2010. Subjects with AF, diagnosed based on clinical history, medical records and surface ECG, were included in the study. The presentation, types and causes of AF and structural as well as functional abnormalities were assessed. Results A total of 136 consecutive subjects were included in the study. The mean age was 42.40 (20.48) years ranging from 17 to 80 years. Majority of the AF subjects were female (54.41%). Among symptomatic cases, palpitation was the most common (23.53%) presentation followed by dyspnea (17.65%) and stroke or transient ischemic attack (15.44%). Asymptomatic presentation was also not uncommon (25%). Persistent AF was the most common form (31.62%). Rheumatic heart disease was the most common cause (33.09%) followed by lone atrial fibrillation (23.52%), coronary artery disease (16.18%), hypertension (8.82%) and thyrotoxicosis (7.35%). Other causes included chronic obstructive airway disease (5.88%), diabetes (2.94%), cardiomyopathy (1.47%), constrictive pericarditis (1.47%), myocarditis (0.74%) and infective endocarditis (0.74%). Nearly 65 % subjects had either structural or functional abnormalities in echocardiographic study; dilated left atrium was the most prevalent abnormality. Conclusion In contrast to the studies reported from developed nations, our subjects with AF were younger and female, the most common cause was RHD and the majority had either structural or functional abnormalities in echocardiographic study. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2012, Vol-8, No-3, 9-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i3.8679
A Study of the Internal Friction Associated with Discontinuous Precipitation in Lead-Tin Alloys (1997)

Lead alloys containing up to 20 atomic percent (at%) tin were solution treated and then cooled through the solvus temperature while measuring the internal friction. At the start of the precipitation reaction the damping decreased as a result of β-tin (Sn) particles pinning grain boundaries. An internal friction peak was also observed and was found to be associated with the growth stage of the discontinuous precipitation reaction. Cooling rate and frequency dependence of the internal friction peak were observed to obey the previously proposed models for first-order phase transformations. Internal friction peak height increased as the cooling rate was increased and the frequency dependence indicated an inverse relationship with an exponent of 0.59, that is, f-0.59. The frequency dependence, with a slope greater than - 1, supports the intergranular mode of discontinuous precipitation of β-Sn from α-lead (Pb) under our experimental conditions. The exact nature of the anelastic strain associated with the internal friction peak is yet unclear, but may be associated with a ledge-terrace mechanism for the cooperative growth of the β-Sn and α-Pb lamellae.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures, Optoelectronic Properties, and Electronic Structures of Layered Oxychalcogenides MCuOCh (M: Bi, La; Ch: S, Se, Te): Effects of Electronic Configurations of M3+ Ions. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
OFDM and alternative waveforms (2020)

This chapter aims to provide an in-depth understanding of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) as well as its performance in the presence of a multipath channel and various impairments. Also, major alternative waveforms, which provide better time -frequency localization compared to OFDM using various filtering/windowing approaches with certain trade-offs, are overviewed to present a complete picture of the waveform design discussions of next -generation wireless technologies.
High Incidence of Spontaneous Disease in an HLA-DR15 and TCR Transgenic Multiple Sclerosis Model (2005)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to involve CD4 T cell recognition of self myelin, many studies focusing on a pathogenic role for anti-myelin, HLA-DR15-restricted T cells. In experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, it is known which epitopes trigger disease and that disease is associated with determinant spread of T cell reactivity. Characterization of these events in human MS is critical for the development of peptide immunotherapies, but it has been difficult to define the role of determinant spread or define which epitopes might be involved. In this study, we report humanized transgenic mice, strongly expressing HLA-DR15 with an MS-derived TCR; even on a RAG-2 wild-type background, mice spontaneously develop paralysis. Disease, involving demyelination and axonal degeneration, correlates with inter- and intramolecular spread of the T cell response to HLA-DR15-restricted epitopes of myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, and alphaB-crystallin. Spread is reproducible and progressive, with two of the epitopes commonly described in responses of HLA-DR15 patients. The fact that this pattern is reiterated as a consequence of CNS tissue damage in mice demonstrates the value of the transgenic model in supplying an in vivo disease context for the human responses. This model, encompassing pathologically relevant, spontaneous disease with the presentation of myelin epitopes in the context of HLA-DR15, should offer new insights and predictions about T cell responses during MS as well as a more stringent test bed for immunotherapies.
Geometry of Basins of Attraction and Heteroclinic Connections in Coupled Bistable Systems (2014)

The fundamental principle of bistability is widely used across various disciplines, including biology, chemistry, mechanics, physics, electronics and materials science. As the need for more powerful, efficient and sensitive complex-engineered systems grow, networks of coupled bistable systems have gained significant attention in recent years. Modeling and analysis of such higher-dimensional systems is usually focused on finding conditions for the existence and stability of typical invariant sets, i.e. steady states, periodic solutions and chaotic sets. High-dimensionality leads to complex patterns of collective behavior. Which type of behavior is exhibited by a network depends greatly on the initial conditions. Thus, it is also important to study the geometric structure and evolution of the basins of attraction of such patterns. In this manuscript, a complete study of the basins of attraction of a ring of bistable systems, coupled unidirectionally, is presented. 3D visualizations are included to aid the discussion of the changes in the basins of attraction as the coupling parameter varies. The results are broad enough that they can be applied to a wide range of systems with similar coupling topologies.
No association of two missense variations of the benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) gene and mood disorders in a Japanese sample (2001)

The benzodiazepine receptor (peripheral) (BZRP) plays an important role in the steroid syntheses of the adrenal glands and brain, which is possibly involved in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We evaluated an association study between two missense variations of the BZRP gene and mood disorders in a Japanese sample. However, no statistically significant associations with either bipolar disorders or depressive disorders were observed in the allele frequencies, genotype counts, or haplotype distributions for the two variations, although the present sample size had a moderate power (0.46-0.86). These results do not suggest that the BZRP gene plays a role in the genetic predisposition of affective disorders.
An Analysis of Forward Conduction Characteristics of Ultra High Voltage 4H-SiC N-IGBTs (2016)

Ultra High Voltage (UHV) 4H-SiC N-IGBTs, with drift layer thicknesses ranging from 140 μm to 240 μm, were fabricated and characterized. A blocking voltage of 25 kV, and a forward voltage drop (V F ) of 12.8 V were measured from a 9 mm x 9 mm device with a 240 μm drift layer. A positive temperature coefficient of V F was observed, which is desirable for paralleling, but unusual for a bipolar device. The cause of this behavior was investigated using a test structure that allowed separate observations of electron and hole currents in the 4H-SiC IGBT structure. It was revealed that the hole current increases with temperature, due to increases in charge injection and carrier lifetimes at elevated temperatures, while the electron current decreases with temperature due to a unipolar resistance component in its path, most likely due to JFET resistance, formed by depletion regions extending into the lightly doped drift region. The concept of Carrier Storage Layer (CSL) was implemented in UHV 4H-SiC N-IGBTs to suppress this effect, resulting in a negative temperature coefficient of V F . A 15 kV 4H-SiC N-IGBT with a 1x10 16 cm -3 doped CSL showed a V F reduction of 3 V at a collector current of 20 A, at a junction temperature of 150°C, compared to a 15 kV SiC N-IGBT without a CSL at the same collector current value.
High-voltage tapped-inductor buck converter auxiliary power supply for cascaded converter submodules (2012)

This paper firstly presents a discussion of the requirements for an auxiliary power supply for high-power modular multilevel converter submodules. Next, some of the most challenging problems in designing a low power high voltage step-down converter are presented. Further, a suitable topology, the tapped-inductor buck converter, that overcomes most of the problems is analyzed. Both analytical expressions describing the operation and circuit simulations are presented. Finally, an experimental evaluation of a 3 kV, 100W prototype converter utilizing an autonomous high-voltage switch is presented.
An Introduction of New Artificial Bone Unit “Tetra-Bone” (2007)

We fabricated a small α-TCP ceramic unit having four pods, named “Tetra-bone” employing a ceramic injection molding. Tetra-bone can keep uniform concave geometry among the pods as well as immobilizing each other. Owing to the monotony of Tetra-bone, weight of Tetrabones used can be converted into the number of Tetra-bones, volume that can be filled with Tetrabones, and the number of functional structures. By using Tetra-bones, bone defects can be filled with intentional geometry that helps to discuss the relation between geometric features of pores and bone formation.
Carfilzomib or bortezomib in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone followed by carfilzomib maintenance for patients with multiple myeloma after one prior therapy: results from a multicenter, phase II, randomized, controlled trial (MUK<i>five</i>) (2021)

The proteasome inhibitors, carfilzomib and bortezomib, are widely used to treat myeloma but head-to-head comparisons have produced conflicting results. We compared the activity of these proteasome inhibitors in combination with cyclophosphamide and dexamethasone (KCd vs. VCd) in second-line treatment using fixed duration therapy and evaluated the efficacy of carfilzomib maintenance. MUKfive was a phase II controlled, parallel group trial that randomized patients (2:1) to KCd (n=201) or VCd (n=99); responding patients on carfilzomib were randomized to maintenance carfilzomib (n=69) or no further treatment (n=72). Primary endpoints were: (i) very good partial response (non-inferiority, odds ratio [OR] 0.8) at 24 weeks, and (ii) progression-free survival. More participants achieved a very good partial response or better with carfilzomib than with bortezomib (40.2% vs. 31.9%, OR=1.48, 90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95, 2.31; non-inferior), with a trend for particular benefit in patients with adverse-risk disease. KCd was associated with higher overall response (partial response or better, 84.0% vs. 68.1%, OR=2.72, 90% CI: 1.62, 4.55, P=0.001). Neuropathy (grade ≥3 or ≥2 with pain) was more common with bortezomib (19.8% vs. 1.5%, P<0.0001), while grade ≥3 cardiac events and hypertension were only reported in the KCd arm (3.6% each). The median progression-free survival in the KCd arm was 11.7 months vs. 10.2 months in the VCd arm (hazard ratio [HR]=0.95, 80% CI: 0.77, 1.18). Carfilzomib maintenance was associated with longer progression-free survival, median 11.9 months vs. 5.6 months for no maintenance (HR 0.59, 80% CI: 0.46-0.77, P=0.0086). When used as fixed duration therapy in first relapase, KCd is at least as effective as VCd, and carfilzomib is an effective maintenance agent. This trial was registered with International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) identifier: ISRCTN17354232.
Angiotensin II type‐1 receptor antagonism attenuates the hypercholesterolemia‐induced vascular dysfunction in mouse aorta (2009)

Objective‐ Hypercholesterolemia induces a prothrombogenic and proinflammatory state that can be effectively reduced by the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1‐R) receptor antagonist losartan. The objective of this study was to determine the role for the AT1‐R in mediating the impaired endothelium‐dependent vasodilation (EDV) normally observed in the aorta of hypercholesterolemic mice. Methods and Results‐Vascular function was assessed in aortic rings by monitoring endothelium‐independent contraction to phenylephrine, endothelium‐independent dilation to sodium nitroprusside, and endothelium‐dependent dilation to acetylcholine (ACh). C57B1/6 mice were placed on a normal (ND) or high‐cholesterol (HCD) diet for 2 weeks. Separate groups of mice were treated with the AT1‐R antagonist losartan (25 mg/kg per day) in drinking water for 7 days. Serum cholesterol concentration in mice placed on the HCD was significantly higher than the mice placed on ND. EDV but not endothelium‐independent vasodilatation or constriction was significantly attenuated in aortic rings from HCD mice compared to their normocholesterolemic counterparts. The impairment in EDV to ACh observed after HCD was significantly attenuated by administration of losartan. Conclusions‐These data indicate that AT1‐R engagement contributes to the impaired EDV elicited by hypercholoesterolemia in mouse aorta. (Supported by HL26441)
A safety catch linker for Fmoc-based assembly of constrained cyclic peptides (2005)

A new safety-catch linker for Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis of cyclic peptides is reported. The linear precursors were assembled on a tert-butyl protected catechol derivative using optimized conditions for Fmoc-removal. After activation of the linker using TFA, neutralization of the N-terminal amine induced cyclization with concomitant cleavage from the resin yielding the cyclic peptides in DMF solution. Several constrained cyclic peptides were synthesized in excellent yields and purities.
E-commerce in Your Inbox (2015)

In recent years online advertising has become increasingly ubiquitous and effective. Advertisements shown to visitors fund sites and apps that publish digital content, manage social networks, and operate e-mail services. Given such large variety of internet resources, determining an appropriate type of advertising for a given platform has become critical to financial success. Native advertisements, namely ads that are similar in look and feel to content, have had great success in news and social feeds. However, to date there has not been a winning formula for ads in e-mail clients. In this paper we describe a system that leverages user purchase history determined from e-mail receipts to deliver highly personalized product ads to Yahoo Mail users. We propose to use a novel neural language-based algorithm specifically tailored for delivering effective product recommendations, which was evaluated against baselines that included showing popular products and products predicted based on co-occurrence. We conducted rigorous offline testing using a large-scale product purchase data set, covering purchases of more than 29 million users from 172 e-commerce websites. Ads in the form of product recommendations were successfully tested on online traffic, where we observed a steady 9% lift in click-through rates over other ad formats in mail, as well as comparable lift in conversion rates. Following successful tests, the system was launched into production during the holiday season of 2014.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Combination Epigenetic Therapy in Advanced Breast Cancer with 5-Azacitidine and Entinostat: A Phase II National Cancer Institute/Stand Up to Cancer Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Genomic DNA methylation of tumor biopsies.&lt;/p&gt;
IL-5 Induces IgG1 Isotype Switch Recombination in Mouse CD38-Activated sIgD-Positive B Lymphocytes (1999)

Mouse B cells express CD38, whose ligation by anti-CD38 Ab induces their proliferation and protection from apoptosis. We previously showed that stimulation of mouse splenic B cells with IL-5 together with CS/2, an anti-mouse CD38 mAb, induces production of IgG1 and IgM. Here we examined the role of IL-5 and CS/2 in the expression of germline gamma1 transcripts and the generation of reciprocal products forming DNA circles as byproducts of mu-gamma1 switch recombination. By itself, CS/2 induced significant expression of germline gamma1 transcripts in splenic naive B cells, whereas IL-5 neither induced nor enhanced germline gamma1 expression. Increased cellular content of reciprocal product, which is characteristic of mu-gamma1 recombination, was not observed after culturing B cells with CS/2, but increased reciprocal product, along with high levels of lgG1 secretion, was found when B cells were cultured with CS/2 plus IL-5. Although IL-4 did not, by itself, induce mu-gamma1 recombination in B cells stimulated with CS/2, in conjunction with CS/2 plus IL-5, IL-4 dramatically enhanced sterile gamma1 transcription and IgG1 production. These results demonstrate that CD38 ligation induces only germline gamma1 transcription and that IL-5 promotes both mu-gamma1 switch recombination and lgG1 secretion in an IL-4-independent manner.