gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Periodic transfers in mobile applications (2012)

Cellular networks employ a specific radio resource management policy distinguishing them from wired and Wi-Fi networks. A lack of awareness of this important mechanism potentially leads to resource-inefficient mobile applications. We perform the first network-wide, large-scale investigation of a particular type of application traffic pattern called periodic transfers where a handset periodically exchanges some data with a remote server every t seconds. Using packet traces containing 1.5 billion packets collected from a commercial cellular carrier, we found that periodic transfers are very prevalent in today's smartphone traffic. However, they are extremely resource-inefficient for both the network and end-user devices even though they predominantly generate very little traffic. This somewhat counter-intuitive behavior is a direct consequence of the adverse interaction between such periodic transfer patterns and the cellular network radio resource management policy. For example, for popular smartphone applications such as Facebook, periodic transfers account for only 1.7% of the overall traffic volume but contribute to 30% of the total handset radio energy consumption. We found periodic transfers are generated for various reasons such as keep-alive, polling, and user behavior measurements. We further investigate the potential of various traffic shaping and resource control algorithms. Depending on their traffic patterns, applications exhibit disparate responses to optimization strategies. Jointly using several strategies with moderate aggressiveness can eliminate almost all energy impact of periodic transfers for popular applications such as Facebook and Pandora.
Administration of Drugs, Rectal Route (2016)

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N-Substituted 2-Aminobiphenylpalladium Methanesulfonate Precatalysts and Their Use in C–C and C–N Cross-Couplings (2014)

A series of phosphine-ligated palladium precatalysts based on N-methyl- and N-phenyl-2-aminobiphenyl have been developed. Substitution at the nitrogen center prevents the presence of traces of aminobiphenyls that contain a free −NH2 group from contaminating cross-coupling products. These precatalysts produce N-substituted carbazoles upon activation, which cannot consume starting materials. These precatalysts were efficiently generated from 2-aminobiphenyl with minimal purification and found to be highly effective in Suzuki–Miyaura and C–N cross-coupling reactions.
A new screening in-vitro method to study drug release in early development of transdermal drug delivery systems (2012)

A new screening in-vitro method to study drug release in early development of transdermal drug delivery systems
A Benchmark Evaluation of Fault Tolerant Wind Turbine Control Concepts (2014)

As the world's power supply to a larger and larger degree depends on wind turbines, it is consequently and increasingly important that these are as reliable and available as possible. Modern fault tolerant control (FTC) could play a substantial part in increasing reliability of modern wind turbines. A benchmark model for wind turbine fault detection and isolation, and FTC has previously been proposed. Based on this benchmark, an international competition on wind turbine FTC was announced. In this brief, the top three solutions from that competition are presented and evaluated. The analysis shows that all three methods and, in particular, the winner of the competition shows potential for wind turbine FTC. In addition to showing good performance, the approach is based on a method, which is relevant for industrial usage. It is based on a virtual sensor and actuator strategy, in which the fault accommodation is handled in software sensor and actuator blocks. This means that the wind turbine controller can continue operation as in the fault free case. The other two evaluated solutions show some potential but probably need improvements before industrial applications.
Experimental demonstration and operating principles of a multiferroic antenna (2019)

This paper experimentally demonstrates the operating principles of a near-field multiferroic antenna. The antenna uses a piezoelectric lead-zirconate-titanate stack to apply a time varying strain to a magnetoelastic iron gallium Fe80.77Ga19.23 (FeGa) rod. The voltage induced strain controls the net magnetization of the FeGa rod to generate oscillating magnetic fields in free space surrounding the antenna. Direct experimental measurements of the mechanical force, strain, magnetic field, and magnetic flux inside the FeGa rod were collected and show a strong correlation with the dynamic magnetic field measured in free space. Additionally, an analytical dipole model is used to demonstrate that the free space signal originates from the changing magnetization in the FeGa rod, providing a clear multiferroic antenna proof-of-concept demonstration. Finally, analysis is provided to highlight the importance of device geometry and demagnetization fields when optimizing the antenna response.
25-Gb/s Multichannel 1.3-$\mu$m Surface-Emitting Lens-Integrated DFB Laser Arrays (2011)

Two multichannel 1.3-μ m lens integrated surface-emitting laser arrays for massive data links were fabricated. The basic structure of the lasers consists of a short InGaAlAs multiple-quantum-well distributed-feedback (DFB) active-stripe array monolithically integrated with both a 45° total reflection mirror and an aspheric collimation lens. One of them, a four-channel laser array based on this structure, exhibited clear 25-Gb/s eye openings up to 50°C over all four channels and achieved a total output of 100 Gb/s. The other laser, a multiple-wavelength array for wavelength-division-multiplexing applications, produces multiple-wavelength emission thanks to precisely modified DFB gratings by electron beam lithography. It exhibited nine-wavelength stable single-mode operation (side-mode suppression ratio >; 40 dB) between 1260 and 1290 nm at 3.7-nm intervals, and a clear 25-Gb/s eye opening for each wavelength. These two surface-emitting laser arrays have demonstrated their suitability for next-generation multichannel data links (including 100-Gb Ethernet and optical interconnects).
Phase change RAM operated with 1.5-V CMOS as low cost embedded memory (2006)

This paper describes a phase change (PC) RAM operated at the lowest possible voltage, 1.5 V, with a CMOS memory array, using PC material with the lowest RESET current. We discuss the margins for reset/set/read operations based on measurement results and identified that it is impossible to distinguish between reset/set operations by controlling the bit-line voltage. We propose a new tri-level voltage word-line control (3LV-WL) scheme to clearly operate set operations. Moreover, we investigated the read disturb operation and developed a new reduced-actual-read-access (RA2) scheme to attain 500 times the read retention time. We also developed a source line control (SLC) scheme to attain an 18% smaller cell size and a 19-F/sup 2/ memory cell with enough reset current to clearly reset the PC material. With the application of these approaches, we established reset/set/read operations with the lowest possible voltage, 1.5 V with logic CMOS, for a low-cost embedded memory with a few additional masks.
Comparative Analysis of Apoptosis and Inflammation Genes of Mice and Humans (2003)

Apoptosis (programmed cell death) plays important roles in many facets of normal mammalian physiology. Host-pathogen interactions have provided evolutionary pressure for apoptosis as a defense mechanism against viruses and microbes, sometimes linking apoptosis mechanisms with inflammatory responses through NFkappaB induction. Proteins involved in apoptosis and NFkappaB induction commonly contain evolutionarily conserved domains that can serve as signatures for identification by bioinformatics methods. Using a combination of public (NCBI) and private (RIKEN) databases, we compared the repertoire of apoptosis and NFkappaB-inducing genes in humans and mice from cDNA/EST/genomic data, focusing on the following domain families: (1) Caspase proteases; (2) Caspase recruitment domains (CARD); (3) Death Domains (DD); (4) Death Effector Domains (DED); (5) BIR domains of Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins (IAPs); (6) Bcl-2 homology (BH) domains of Bcl-2 family proteins; (7) Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-family ligands; (8) TNF receptors (TNFR); (9) TIR domains; (10) PAAD (PYRIN; PYD, DAPIN); (11) nucleotide-binding NACHT domains; (12) TRAFs; (13) Hsp70-binding BAG domains; (14) endonuclease-associated CIDE domains; and (15) miscellaneous additional proteins. After excluding redundancy due to alternative splice forms, sequencing errors, and other considerations, we identified cDNAs derived from a total of 227 human genes among these domain families. Orthologous murine genes were found for 219 (96%); in addition, several unique murine genes were found, which appear not to have human orthologs. This mismatch may be due to the still fragmentary information about the mouse genome or genuine differences between mouse and human repertoires of apoptotic genes. With this caveat, we discuss similarities and differences in human and murine genes from these domain families.
Confinement Related Phenomena in MoS2 Tubular Structures Grown from Vapour Phase (2021)

Abstract We review recently discovered phenomena observed in the MoS 2 tubular structures, which were synthesized by a lasting chemical transport reaction nearly at chemical equilibrium. Such MoS 2 nanotubes are distinguished by low density of structural defects, thin walls and a high aspect ratio, which intrinsically provide a confined, edge‐free geometry. Quantum confinement with single electron conductance was recorded and a bright exciton photoluminescence with appearance of whispering gallery modes was observed. In addition, the field‐effect transistors and field emitters based on single MoS 2 nanotubes were demonstrated. These discoveries revitalize research of MoS 2 curved structures grown from vapour phase, which were reported several decades ago.
Unsorted single walled carbon nanotubes enabled the fabrication of high performance organic thin film transistors with low cost metal electrodes (2013)

Transistors with a diketopyrrolopyrrole-quarterthiophene (DPP-QT) semiconductor and low-cost Al or Cu electrodes were studied. Albeit a large charge injection resistance exists between DPP-QT and Al or Cu, the resistance was dramatically reduced when unsorted single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were blended into the DPP-QT film. This led to a high mobility of 0.64 and 1.1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1), respectively, for Al and Cu devices, which is similar or even better than the device using gold electrodes (0.78 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1)).
Table S2 from Whole-Genome Sequencing of Salivary Gland Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Somatic mutations in adenoid cystic carcinoma (N=25 tumors).&lt;/p&gt;
Preclinical pharmacology of robenacoxib: a novel selective inhibitor of cyclooxygenase‐2 (2009)

This manuscript reports the results of preclinical studies in the rat with robenacoxib, a novel selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor. Robenacoxib selectively inhibited COX-2 in vitro as evidenced from COX-1:COX-2 IC50 ratios of 27:1 in purified enzyme preparations and >967:1 in isolated cell assays. Binding to COX-1 was rapid and readily reversible (dissociation t(1/2) << 1 min), whilst COX-2 binding was slowly reversible (t(1/2) = 25 min). In vivo, robenacoxib inhibited PGE2 production (an index of COX-2 inhibition) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated air pouches (ID50 0.3 mg/kg) and for at least 24 h in zymosan-induced inflammatory exudate (at 2 mg/kg). Robenacoxib was COX-1 sparing, as it inhibited serum TxB2 synthesis ex vivo (an index of COX-1 inhibition) only at very high doses (100 mg/kg but not at 2-30 mg/kg). Robenacoxib inhibited carrageenan-induced paw oedema (ID50 0.40-0.48 mg/kg), LPS-induced fever (ID50 1.1 mg/kg) and Randall-Selitto pain (10 mg/kg). Robenacoxib was highly bound to plasma protein (99.9% at 50 ng/mL in vitro). After intravenous dosing, clearance was 2.4 mL/min/kg and volume of distribution at steady-state was 306 mL/kg. Robenacoxib was preferentially distributed into inflammatory exudate; the AUC for exudate was 2.9 times higher than for blood and the MRT in exudate (15.9 h) was three times longer than in blood (5.3 h). Robenacoxib produced significantly less gastric ulceration and intestinal permeability as compared with the reference nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac, and did not inhibit PGE2 or 6-keto PGF(1alpha) concentrations in the stomach and ileum at 30 mg/kg. Robenacoxib also had no relevant effects on kidney function at 30 mg/kg. In summary, results of preclinical studies in rats studies suggest that robenacoxib has an attractive pharmacological profile for potential use in the intended target species, cats and dogs.
A Silica‐Aerogel‐Reinforced Composite Polymer Electrolyte with High Ionic Conductivity and High Modulus (2018)

High-energy all-solid-state lithium (Li) batteries have great potential as next-generation energy-storage devices. Among all choices of electrolytes, polymer-based systems have attracted widespread attention due to their low density, low cost, and excellent processability. However, they are generally mechanically too weak to effectively suppress Li dendrites and have lower ionic conductivity for reasonable kinetics at ambient temperature. Herein, an ultrastrong reinforced composite polymer electrolyte (CPE) is successfully designed and fabricated by introducing a stiff mesoporous SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogel as the backbone for a polymer-based electrolyte. The interconnected SiO<sub>2</sub> aerogel not only performs as a strong backbone strengthening the whole composite, but also offers large and continuous surfaces for strong anion adsorption, which produces a highly conductive pathway across the composite. As a consequence, a high modulus of ≈0.43 GPa and high ionic conductivity of ≈0.6 mS cm<sup>-1</sup> at 30 °C are simultaneously achieved. Furthermore, LiFePO<sub>4</sub> -Li full cells with good cyclability and rate capability at ambient temperature are obtained. Full cells with cathode capacity up to 2.1 mAh cm<sup>-2</sup> are also demonstrated. The aerogel-reinforced CPE represents a new design principle for solid-state electrolytes and offers opportunities for future all-solid-state Li batteries.
Identification and Characterization of Angiogenesis Targets through Proteomic Profiling of Endothelial Cells in Human Cancer Tissues (2013)

Genomic and proteomic analysis of normal and cancer tissues has yielded abundant molecular information for potential biomarker and therapeutic targets. Considering potential advantages in accessibility to pharmacological intervention, identification of targets resident on the vascular endothelium within tumors is particularly attractive. By employing mass spectrometry (MS) as a tool to identify proteins that are over-expressed in tumor-associated endothelium relative to normal cells, we aimed to discover targets that could be utilized in tumor angiogenesis cancer therapy. We developed proteomic methods that allowed us to focus our studies on the discovery of cell surface/secreted proteins, as they represent key antibody therapeutic and biomarker opportunities. First, we isolated endothelial cells (ECs) from human normal and kidney cancer tissues by FACS using CD146 as a marker. Additionally, dispersed human colon and lung cancer tissues and their corresponding normal tissues were cultured ex-vivo and their endothelial content were preferentially expanded, isolated and passaged. Cell surface proteins were then preferentially captured, digested with trypsin and subjected to MS-based proteomic analysis. Peptides were first quantified, and then the sequences of differentially expressed peptides were resolved by MS analysis. A total of 127 unique non-overlapped (157 total) tumor endothelial cell over-expressed proteins identified from directly isolated kidney-associated ECs and those identified from ex-vivo cultured lung and colon tissues including known EC markers such as CD146, CD31, and VWF. The expression analyses of a panel of the identified targets were confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC) including CD146, B7H3, Thy-1 and ATP1B3. To determine if the proteins identified mediate any functional role, we performed siRNA studies which led to previously unidentified functional dependency for B7H3 and ATP1B3.
Study of 300,486 individuals identifies 148 independent genetic loci influencing general cognitive function (2018)

General cognitive function is a prominent and relatively stable human trait that is associated with many important life outcomes. We combine cognitive and genetic data from the CHARGE and COGENT consortia, and UK Biobank (total N = 300,486; age 16-102) and find 148 genome-wide significant independent loci (P < 5 × 10<sup>-8</sup>) associated with general cognitive function. Within the novel genetic loci are variants associated with neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders, physical and psychiatric illnesses, and brain structure. Gene-based analyses find 709 genes associated with general cognitive function. Expression levels across the cortex are associated with general cognitive function. Using polygenic scores, up to 4.3% of variance in general cognitive function is predicted in independent samples. We detect significant genetic overlap between general cognitive function, reaction time, and many health variables including eyesight, hypertension, and longevity. In conclusion we identify novel genetic loci and pathways contributing to the heritability of general cognitive function.
Tailored temozolomide therapy according to MGMT methylation status for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukemia (2011)

Temozolomide sensitivity is determined by methylation of the O(6)-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) promoter. This study assessed whether the temozolomide dose can be tailored by MGMT promoter status and whether protracted, low-dose temozolomide can "prime" blasts in patients with unmethylated MGMT (unMGMT). Elderly patients with high-risk AML were stratified by MGMT methylation. Patients with methylated MGMT (mMGMT) received temozolomide 200 mg/m(2) orally for 7 days every 4 weeks, while patients with unMGMT received temozolomide 100 mg/m(2) orally for 14 days followed by 200 mg/m(2) orally for 7 days every 6weeks. Of 36 patients (median age, 75 years), 31 (86%) had an unMGMT promoter. Overall response rate for the entire cohort was 36%. Patients with mMGMT and unMGMT had similar response rates (40% vs. 29%). Median duration of response and overall survival (OS) among responders were 29 and 35 weeks, respectively. Induction deaths (ID) occurred in 25% of patients, mostly caused by disease progression. Hematological toxicities were the most common adverse event. Toxicities were similar between patients on conventional versus protracted schedules. High HCT-CI scores were predictive of lower CR rate, higher ID, and shorter OS, while bone marrow blast count <50% at screening predicted for improved responses. Temozolomide, dosed according to MGMT methylation status, demonstrated modest clinical activity in elderly patients with AML, especially in those presenting with fewer comorbidities and low disease burden. The trial was registered on www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT00611247.
Prediction of the conformational requirements for binding to the κ‐opioid receptor and its subtypes. I. Novel α‐helical cyclic peptides and their role in receptor selectivity (1994)

A conformational search of two similar kappa-selective cyclic Dynorphin A (Dyn A) analogues is presented. [Cys5, Cys11] Dyn A1-11-NH2 (1) and [Cys5, D-Ala8, Cys11] Dyn A1-11-NH2 (2) are not only highly potent kappa-selective peptides but they also exhibit exceptional selectivity for kappa receptors in the central (brain) vs. the peripheral (ileum) systems. Molecular mechanics systematic searching of the conformational preferences of the cyclic moieties of 1 and 2 produced 741 and 1003 starting ring structures, which were minimized at two dielectric constants of 2.0 and 80.0 in the AMBER force field. By rms superimposition, these low energy structures were grouped into conformational families for each ring system minimized at each dielectric. Comparison of the lowest energy structure of each of these families demonstrated that two (labeled A and B) were found as low energy ring systems for both 1 and 2 after minimization at either dielectric constant. These two structures are thus predicted to be the putative binding conformations for Dynorphin A at receptors in the brain. Interestingly, one of these putative binding structures exhibited an alpha-helical conformation in the disulfide bridged ring that has not been observed for small cyclic peptides of this nature before. Molecular dynamics simulation of the helical binding structures indicated that the helical configuration in 2 is lower in energy and is more conformationally stable than that of 1. We correlate this with the increased selectivity and potency of 2 for kappa receptors in the brain compared to the periphery, implying that this may be due to an alpha-helical conformation in the cyclized address or helical induction in the message sequence.
MM-wave emission by magnetized plasma during sub-relativistic electron beam relaxation (2015)

There are described electromagnetic spectra of radiation emitted by magnetized plasma during sub-relativistic electron beam in a double plasma frequency band. Experimental studies were performed at the multiple-mirror trap GOL-3. The electron beam had the following parameters: 70–110 keV for the electron energy, 1–10 MW for the beam power and 30–300 μs for its duration. The spectrum was measured in 75–230 GHz frequency band. The frequency of the emission follows variations in electron plasma density and magnetic field strength. The specific emission power on the length of the plasma column is estimated on the level 0.75 kW/cm.
Multi-robot cooperative localization: a study of trade-offs between efficiency and accuracy (2003)

This paper examines the tradeoffs between different classes of sensing strategy and motion control strategy in the context of terrain mapping with multiple robots. We consider a larger group of robots that can mutually estimate one another's position (in 2D or 3D) and uncertainty using a sample-based (particle filter) model of uncertainty. Our prior work has dealt with a pair of robots that estimate one another's position using visual tracking and coordinated motion. Here we extend these results and consider a richer set of sensing and motion options. In particular, we focus on issues related to confidence estimation for groups of more than two robots.