gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The occurrence of Haemophilus somnus in feedlot calves and its control by postarrival prophylactic mass medication. (1994)

Three field trials were conducted in a large commercial feedlot in Saskatchewan to determine the prevalence of Haemophilus somnus in calves and to evaluate the efficacy of prophylactic mass medication with long-acting oxytetracycline on day 17 (1990, n = 1336), day 11 (1991, n = 4372), or day 8 (1992, n = 5632) postarrival. Hemophilosis accounted for > 40% of the mortality in feedlot calves each year. Haemophilus somnus was cultured from the blood of one febrile calf on day 1 (0.1%, n = 895), but it was not cultured from nasal swabs on day 1 or day 11 (n = 881) or from blood samples on day 11 (n = 883). Similarly, it was not cultured from nasal swabs or blood samples from sick calves first treated for bovine respiratory disease (BRD) (n = 219). Serological titers to H. somnus increased (p < 0.05) in unvaccinated calves from day 1 (Geometric mean titer = 11,846) to day 96 (Geometric mean titer = 63,712), indicating natural infection following feedlot entry. Calves that relapsed twice with BRD or died from BRD +/- hemophilosis had significantly (p < 0.06) lower titers to H. somnus on days 1 and 96 than those that did not relapse twice or die. Postarrival mass medication with long-acting oxytetracycline did not reduce (p > 0.05) the risk of hemophilosis mortality. However, it reduced (p < 0.05) the risk of BRD treatment by 14% and the risk of BRD mortality by 71%. Additional epidemiological studies of H. somnus are needed so that we can develop strategic medication and vaccination programs to reduce losses from hemophilosis.
Cryogen free conduction cooled NbTi superconducting magnet for a X-band klystron (1996)

Superconducting magnet for a X-band klystron was designed, fabricated, and tested successfully. The magnet has a room temperature bore of 190 mm. The rated field is 0.7 T. In order to meet the requested magnetic field distribution, the NbTi coil is separated to three parts and a return yoke is set. The coil is cooled by a two-stage Gifford-McMahon cycle refrigerator. The refrigeration capacity is 1.1 W at 6 K and 30 W at 40 K for each stage. Current leads are made of 2223 Bi-based oxide superconductor. The coil was cooled down to superconducting state from room temperature in 85 hours. The ultimate temperature of the coil was below 4 K, and the coil was energized without quench to 18.5 A which was 105% of rated current. The power consumption of 6 kW is 1/8 of the normal conducting magnet. The thermal leak of 0.2 W into the coil was measured, which was the same value of the design.
Exploring the energy landscape of resistive switching in antiferromagnetic Sr3Ir2O7 (2018)

We study the resistive switching triggered by an applied electrical bias in the antiferromagnetic Mott insulator $\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{r}}_{3}\mathrm{I}{\mathrm{r}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$. The switching was previously associated with an electric-field-driven structural transition. Here we use time-resolved measurements to probe the thermal activation behavior of the switching process and acquire information about the energy barrier associated with the transition. We quantify the changes in the energy-barrier height with respect to the applied bias and find a linear decrease of the barrier with increasing bias. Our observations support the potential of antiferromagnetic transition-metal oxides for spintronic applications.
Fabrication of 5 Tdot/in.2 bit patterned media with servo pattern using directed self-assembly (2012)

The fabrication of an etching template for 5 Td/in.2 bit patterned media using a self-organization material, namely, poly(styrene)-poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PS-PDMS), was investigated. The molecular weight of the PS-PDMS for forming the areal density of 5 Td/in.2 dot pattern was estimated from the polymerization index related to the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter. Annealing was carried out to obtain a fine-order dot pattern. PS-PDMS films were subjected to thermal treatment or solvent annealing. The ordering of the dot array in these films was evaluated by using Voronoi diagrams. The results indicate that the film annealed in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) vapor showed finer ordering than did the thermally treated film. This seemed to be attributable to the high solubility parameter of NMP. The soaking of NMP into the PS phase slightly shifted the phase separation energy of the polymer matrix. The lattice spacing of the obtained hexagonal pattern was 11 nm. By using low-molecular-weight PS-PDMS with solvent annealing, a dot-array template for 5 Td/in.2 bit patterned media was formed.
Intra-Burst Temporal Pulse Contrast of a High-Power Post-Compressed Picosecond Yb:YAG Laser (2021)

We report on pulse contrast characterization of the output of a gas-filled multi-pass cell employed for 20-fold compression of a high-power Yb:YAG laser. We demonstrate an energy content of 80% in the compressed fs pulse.
Isolation and Cellular Phenotyping of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Derived from Synovial Fluid and Bone Marrow of Minipigs (2016)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been established after isolation from various tissue sources, including bone marrow and synovial fluid. Recently, synovial-fluid-derived MSCs were reported to have multi-lineage differentiation potential and immunomodulatory features, which indicates that these cells can be used for tissue engineering and systemic treatments. This study presents a protocol for simple and non-invasive isolation of MSCs derived from the bone marrow and synovial fluid of minipigs to analyze cell surface markers for cell phenotyping and in vitro culturing. Using sexually mature six-month-old minipigs, bone marrow was extracted from the iliac crest bone using a bone marrow extractor, and the synovial fluid was aspirated from the femorotibial joint. Procedures for the collection of samples from both sources were non-invasive. The protocols for effective isolation of MSCs from harvested cell sources and for creating in vitro culture conditions to expand stable MSCs from minipigs and the application of systemic autologous treatments are provided. For cell phenotyping, the cell surface markers of both cells were analyzed using flow cytometry. In the results, the MSCs were isolated from the synovial fluid of the minipigs and showed that synovial-fluid-derived MSCs have a similar morphology and cell phenotype to bone-marrow-derived MSCs. Therefore, non-invasively obtained synovial fluid is a valuable source of MSCs.
Abstract 2305: Role of ST3Gal1 sialyltransferase in breast cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Alteration of glycan structures on glycoproteins or glycolipids is a common phenomenon observed in malignancy. The premature sialylation of core carbohydrate structure leading to shorter truncated glycans has been well documented. Mucin O-glycans from normal breast are mostly composed of elongated core 2 structures. It has been shown that MUC1 O-glycans from breast cancer cell lines are often truncated and mainly consist of core 1-based structures from mass spectrometry sequencing. It may be due to down-regulated C2GnT (core 2 enzymes) or increased sialyltransferase activities which add sialic acid in an α2,3 linkage to Galβ1-3GalNAc, producing sialyl3 T antigen, which is no longer recognized by C2GnT as a substrate donor. Six different α2,3-sialyltransferases catalyze the transfer of sialic acids to Gal. Among which, ST3Gal1 and ST3Gal2 are capable of producing sialyl3 T antigens; however, only the expression of ST3Gal1 mRNA is elevated in primary breast carcinoma cells compared to normal or benign breast tissues. In ductal carcinomas, the expression of ST3Gal1 appeared to correlate with histology grade. However, not much is known about the role of ST3Gal1 in breast cancers. We investigated the role of ST3Gal1-mediated sialylation in the function of proteins and further characterize the molecular mechanism underlying ST3Gal1-mediated cancer metastasis. To confirm the relationship of ST3Gal1 expression in breast cancers, we performed qPCR analysis of sialyltransferase gene expression in 93 breast cancer patients. ST3Gal1 expression was statistically higher in ER-, PR-, and HER2-negative category (p&amp;lt;0.037). Using MALDI-MS analysis, the glycome profiles showed that ST3Gal1 silencing in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells resulted in reduced α2,3-linked sialic acid-containing O-glycosylation including sialyl3T antigen, without significant differences in N-glycosylation. We observed that ST3Gal1 silenced MDA-MB-231 cells have the tendency to aggregate compared to control cells. To test the hypothesis that decrease of sialylation in beast cancer cells will affect the metastatic behavior, cell migration and invasion were assayed. Indeed, Transwell migration of ST3Gal1 silenced MDA-MB-231 significantly decreased to ∼30% of control cells. More strikingly, the Transwell invasion of ST3Gal1 silenced cells were down-regulated to less than 10% of control cell. Furthermore, the enzyme activities of MMP9 and m-calpain which are known to regulate the invasion ability of cancer cells were both down-regulated upon silencing of ST3Gal1. In conclusion, these data strongly suggest that cell surface α2,3-sialylation contributes to breast cancer cells invasiveness. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2305. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2305
Achieving nanoscale horizontal separations in the standard 2 μm PolyMUMPS process (2013)

This paper shares with the research community how to achieve, effectively and easily, lateral submicron separations in the standard 2 μm PolyMUMPS process without any fabrication intervention or post-processing, based on the oxide sidewall spacer technique. Thousands of nanoseparations were created and successfully tested by visual inspection and by a simple capacitance measurement. The lateral separations attained were less than 440 nm and reached as low as 280 nm. To corroborate the findings, measurements were performed on different capacitors fabricated in different fabrication runs with consistent results. This is the first time that submicron lateral distances are reported in PolyMUMPS using the oxide spacer technique.
Immunotherapy for Dogs: Running Behind Humans (2018)

A number of excellent reviews on the potential of canine cancer immunotherapy are available, but many extrapolate from observations in humans when in fact only very few immunotherapies have been developed for canines that have shown efficacy in well-designed studies. Pharmaceutical and biotech companies are aware that the market for more expensive immunotherapies in canines is limited resulting in limited funding for clinical trials. However, dogs and other pets deserve access to this new form of cancer therapy. The purpose of this brief review is to summarize the current status of available immunotherapies for dogs and their near-term prospects, provided we can effectively translate discoveries and progress in humans to canines.
Automatic sleep staging using ear-EEG (2017)

Sleep and sleep quality assessment by means of sleep stage analysis is important for both scientific and clinical applications. Unfortunately, the presently preferred method, polysomnography (PSG), requires considerable expert assistance and significantly affects the sleep of the person under observation. A reliable, accurate and mobile alternative to the PSG would make sleep information much more readily available in a wide range of medical circumstances. Using an already proven method, ear-EEG, in which electrodes are placed inside the concha and ear canal, we measure cerebral activity and automatically score the sleep into up to five stages. These results are compared to manual scoring by trained clinicians, based on a simultaneously recorded PSG. The correspondence between manually scored sleep, based on the PSG, and the automatic labelling, based on ear-EEG data, was evaluated using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. Kappa values are in the range 0.5–0.8, making ear-EEG relevant for both scientific and clinical applications. Furthermore, a sleep-wake classifier with leave-one-out cross validation yielded specificity of 0.94 and sensitivity of 0.52 for the sleep stage. Ear-EEG based scoring has clear advantages when compared to both the PSG and other mobile solutions, such as actigraphs. It is far more mobile, and potentially cheaper than the PSG, and the information on sleep stages is far superior to a wrist-based actigraph, or other devices based solely on body movement. This study shows that ear-EEG recordings carry information about sleep stages, and indicates that automatic sleep staging based on ear-EEG can classify sleep stages with a level of accuracy that makes it relevant for both scientific and clinical sleep assessment.
Robust speech recognition with dynamic synapses (2002)

We have developed a speech recognition system employing the concept of dynamic synapses. A dynamic synapse incorporates fundamental features of biological neurons including presynaptic mechanisms influencing the probability of neurotransmitter release from an axon terminal. With these mechanisms, the probability of neurotransmitter release becomes a function of the temporal pattern of action potential occurrence, and hence, transforming a spike train into a sequence of discrete release events. When presynaptic mechanisms vary quantitatively across the axon terminals of a single neuron, an array of spatially distributed temporal patterns can be generated. In other words, information is coded in the spatio-temporal patterns of release events which provides an exponential growth of coding capacity for the output signals of a single neuron. A dynamic learning algorithm is developed in which alterations of the presynaptic mechanisms lead to different pattern transformation functions while changes in the postsynaptic mechanisms determines how the synaptic signals are to be combined. We demonstrate the computational capability of dynamic synapses by performing speech recognition from unprocessed, noisy raw waveforms of words spoken by multiple speakers with a simple neural network consisting of a small number of neurons connected with dynamic synapses. The system is highly robust against noise, and outperformed human listeners under some conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of L‐Diphenylalanine and L‐9‐Fluorenylglycine via Room Temperature Alkylations of a Sultam‐Derived Glycine Imine. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Objective Quality Estimation for Digital Images in Multimedia Environments (1998)

In the context of multimedia and hypermedia systems, the aspects of image quality measurement and guarantee are gaining increasingly in importance. To achieve this goal, two tasks have to be fulfilled: First, the definition and implementation of methods for complete media quality control is necessary. Secondly, suitable quality levels for visual presentations in the context of task specific requirements, compression and bandwidth limitation have to be achieved. At the beginning we will provide a definition and discussion of the term quality with respect to the use of visual information in multimedia applications. This leads to the development of a classification scheme for image quality aspects, which shows the relationships between task oriented presentations and quality aspects, quality parameters and quality control. After this, a short introduction into state-of the art image quality measurement is given and the advantages and limitations of the individual techniques are discussed. Considering the analysis of the objective measurement methods MTFA and SQRI, we present two enhancements that allow the application of these two measurements to digital systems. Our modifications and enhancements treat the aspects of frequency amplification and attenuation and the consideration of the human perception threshold. As an application of our classification scheme and enhancements of MTFA and &lt;SQRI, we present approaches to estimate the quality of the colour reproduction of images in multimedia systems. Furthermore, we present a framework to integrate several measurements into a general quality measurement environment (GQME). Finally, questions concerning the achieved results and future work are raised.
Gelation of Food Protein Induced by Recombinant Microbial Transglutaminase (2003)

ABSTRACT: The recombinant microbial transglutaminase from Streptoverticillium mobaraense var. (rMTGase) was expressed in Escherichia coli. Specific enzyme activity of rMTGase was comparable to native MTGase. However, the gelation of a sodium caseinate solution induced by rMTGase was slower than that induced by native MTGase. In addition, the mechanical property of kamaboko prepared with rMTGase was weaker than that with native MTGase. In SDS‐PAGE analysis, α‐casein monomers decreased more slowly during the incubation with rMTGase than MTGase. These results confirmed the difference of cross‐linking activity between the 2 enzymes. Furthermore, thermal stability of rMTGase was lower compared to native MTGase. These results suggest that the difference of cross‐linking activity and thermal stability between the 2 enzymes cause differences in gelation activity of protein.
Origin of Estradiol Fatty Acid Esters in Human Ovarian Follicular Fluid1 (1995)

The estradiol fatty acid esters are the most potent of the naturally occurring steroidal estrogens. These esters are present predominantly in fat, where they are sequestered until they are hydrolyzed by esterases. Thus they act as a preformed reservoir of estradiol. We have previously shown that ovarian follicular fluid from patients undergoing gonadotropin stimulation contains very high amounts of estradiol fatty acid esters (approximately 10(-7) M). The source of these esters is unknown. They can be formed by esterification of estradiol in the follicular fluid by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT), or in the ovary by an acyl coenzyme A:acyltransferase. In order to determine which of these enzymatic processes is the source of the estradiol esters in the follicular fluid, we incubated [3H]estradiol with follicular fluid and cells isolated from human ovarian follicular fluid and characterized the fatty acid composition of the [3H]estradiol esters biosynthesized in each. In addition, we characterized the endogenous estradiol fatty acid esters in the follicular fluid and compared them to the biosynthetic esters. The fatty acid composition of the endogenous esters was different than those synthesized by the cellular acyl coenzyme A:acyltransferase, and the same as the esters synthesized by LCAT, demonstrating that the esters are produced in situ in the follicular fluid. Although the role of these estradiol esters in the ovary is not known, given their remarkable estrogenic potency it is highly probable that they have an important physiological role.
Heat Transfer in an Airfoil Trailing Edge Configuration With Shaped Pedestals Mounted Internal Cooling Channel and Pressure Side Cutback (2006)

Described in this paper is an experimental study of heat transfer over a trailing edge configuration preceded with an internal cooling channel of pedestal array. The pedestal array consists of both circular pedestals and oblong shaped blocks. Downstream to the pedestal array, the trailing edge features pressure side cutback partitioned by the oblong shaped blocks. The local heat transfer coefficient over the entire wetted surface in the internal cooling chamber has been determined by using a “hybrid” measurement technique based on transient liquid crystal imaging. The hybrid technique employs the transient conduction model in a semi-infinite solid for resolving the heat transfer coefficient on the endwall surface uncovered by the pedestals. The heat transfer coefficient over a pedestal can be resolved by the lumped capacitance method with an assumption of low Biot number. The overall heat transfer for both the pedestals and endwalls combined shows a significant enhancement compared to the case with thermally developed smooth channel. Near the downstream most section of the suction side, the land, due to pressure side cutback, is exposed to the stream mixed with hot gas and discharged coolant. Both the adiabatic effectiveness and heat transfer coefficient on the land section are characterized by using the transient liquid crystal technique.
A Nonlocal Strain Measure for Digital Image Correlation (2014)

Abstract. We propose a nonlocal strain measure for use with digital image correlation (DIC). Whereas the traditional notion of compatibility (strain as the derivative of the displacement field) is problematic when the displacement field varies substantially either because of measurement noise or material ir-regularity, the proposed measure remains robust, well-defined and invariant under rigid body motion. Moreover, when the displacement field is smooth, the classical and nonlocal strain are in agreement. We demonstrate, via several numerical examples, the potential of this new strain measure for problems with steep gradients. We also show how the nonlocal strain provides an intrinsic mechanism for filtering high frequency content from the strain profile and so has a high signal to noise ratio. This is a convenient feature considering image noise and its impact on strain calculations. 1.
Closed-Form Frequency Model of 3-Phase Inverter Drive for DC Distribution System Analysis (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this paper a model of a three-phase inverter drive will be presented that is suitable for inclusion in a DC distribution system analysis. It will be shown that the drive can be accurately modeled on the electrical side by a capacitor, representing the bus capacitance of the inverter, in parallel with a current source. The current source consists of a DC component, corresponding to net power flow to and from the flywheel, plus high-frequency current harmonics generated by the operation of the switch-mode inverter. Closed-form expressions for the current harmonics can be derived by analyzing the AC currents in the electric machine and the switch-mode nature of the inverter, including the “dead-time” effect, and will be presented in the paper. Comparisons between edge-based and center-based pulse-width operation suggest that center-based PWM produces less harmonic content. It is shown that “dead-time” can have a significant effect on the harmonic content. Experimental results taken on a three-phase inverter with an inductive load validate the presented model.&lt;/div&gt;
8′-Methoxy-3H-spiro[1-naphthofuran-2,2′-chroman] (2006)

The crystal structure of the title compound, C21H18O3, has been determined to establish the relative stereochemistry at the spiro ring junction. Each O atom adjacent to the junction lies axial to the neighbouring ring; this is presumably due to anomeric effects.
Increased Selectivity of a Simple Photosensitive Probe in the Presence of Large Proportions of Cholesterol (1994)

The “half-probe” molecule 1, when a constituent of phospholipid vesicles in the presence of cholesterol in large, but biologically reasonable proportions (over 30 mol%), selectively attacks the middle of the bilayer.