gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytotoxic Effects Of Engineered Nanoparticles In Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2014)

Engineered nanoparticles’ usage rapidly increased in<br> various applications in the last decade due to their unusual properties.<br> However, there is an ever increasing concern to understand their<br> toxicological effect in human health. Particularly, metal and metal<br> oxide nanoparticles have been used in various sectors including<br> biomedical, food and agriculture. But their impact on human health is<br> yet to be fully understood. In this present investigation, we assessed<br> the toxic effect of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) including Ag,<br> MgO and Co3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) on human mesenchymal stem<br> cells (hMSC) adopting cell viability and cellular morphological<br> changes as tools The results suggested that silver NPs are more toxic<br> than MgO and Co3O4NPs. The ENPs induced cytotoxicity and<br> nuclear morphological changes in hMSC depending on dose. The cell<br> viability decreases with increase in concentration of ENPs. The<br> cellular morphology studies revealed that ENPs damaged the cells.<br> These preliminary findings have implications for the use of these<br> nanoparticles in food industry with systematic regulations.
Design and Characterization of Wafer Level SAW Filter Package Using LT-LT Wafer Structure (2006)

Miniaturization is one of the driving design goals for large number of wireless applications, especially mobile phones. These market trends call for more thin and small size components with high reliability performance. In this paper, we describes the wafer level surface acoustic wave (SAW) filter package, 1.0 times 0.8 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is applicable for radio frequency (RF) stage in mobile phones. The SAW filter is reduced in size and thickness by using a 4" wafer level package process technique. The technique uses interconnection via and LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LT)-LiTaO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (LT) wafer bonding structure. The interconnection via is formed through LT wafer by using sand blasting or laser drilling method. The AuSn eutectic bonding enables the connection of the signal pad on the SAW chip, with gold metallized LT wafer package. This eutectic bonding ensures that the SAW chip is protected mechanically and connected electrically, with the package. In order to simulate and optimize the structure and characteristics of wafer level SAW filter package, we used HFSS and ADS software. Frequency responses of measurement and simulation are compared with wafer level SAW filter package. The results of reliability tests for wafer level SAW filter package was discussed.
Soluble CD40 Ligand Levels Indicate Lipid Accumulation in Carotid Atheroma (2003)

Plasma levels of soluble CD40 ligand may predict patients with features of high-risk atherosclerotic lesions. These data provide novel insight into the mechanism through which elevated levels of soluble CD40 ligand may reflect cardiovascular risk in humans and illustrate the potential value of interfacing high-resolution MRI with studies of vascular inflammation.
Neuropathic pain is maintained by brainstem neurons co-expressing opioid and cholecystokinin receptors (2008)

Descending input from the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM) provides positive and negative modulation of spinal nociceptive transmission and has been proposed to be critical for maintaining neuropathic pain. This study tests the hypothesis that neuropathic pain requires the activity of a subset of RVM neurons that are distinguished by co-expression of mu opioid receptor (MOR) and cholecystokinin type 2 receptor (CCK2). Using male Sprague-Dawley rats, we demonstrate that discrete RVM neurons express MOR and CCK2; over 80% of these cells co-express both receptors. Agonist-directed cell lesion in the RVM with the cytotoxin, saporin, using either CCK-saporin to target CCK receptor expressing cells, or dermorphin-saporin to target MOR expressing cells, resulted in concomitant loss of CCK2 and MOR expressing cells, did not alter the basal sensory thresholds but abolished the hyperalgesia induced by microinjection of CCK into the RVM. The findings suggest that these CCK2-MOR co-expressing RVM neurons facilitate pain and can be directly activated by CCK input to the RVM. Furthermore, lesion of these RVM neurons did not affect the initial development of neuropathic pain in the hind paw upon injury to the sciatic nerve, but the abnormal pain states were short lived such that by about day 9 the sensory thresholds had reverted to pre-injury baselines despite the existing neuropathy. These data support our hypothesis and identify CCK2-MOR co-expressing neurons in the RVM as potential therapeutic targets for neuropathic pain.
Deaths associated with insertion of nasogastric tubes for enteral nutrition in the medical intensive care unit: Clinical and autopsy findings (2018)

It is generally assumed that blind insertion of nasogastric tubes for enteral nutrition in patients admitted to medical intensive care units is safe; that is, does not result in life-threatening injury. If death occurs in temporal association with insertion of a nasogastric tube, caregivers typically attribute it to underlying diseases, with little or no consideration of iatrogenic death due to tube insertion. The clinical and autopsy results in three recent cases at Baylor University Medical Center challenge the validity of these notions.
Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy of angiogenesis in a transgenic mouse model (2010)

A major obstacle in studying angiogenesis is the inability to noninvasively image neovascular development in an individual animal. We applied optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) to determine the kinetics of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1)-mediated angiogenesis in a transgenic mouse model. During continuous 30-day activation of HIF-1&#945;, we used OR-PAM to monitor alterations in microvasculature in transgenic mice compared to nontransgenic mice. OR-PAM has demonstrated the potential to precisely monitor antiangiogenic therapy of human cancers, allowing for rapid determinations of therapeutic efficacy or resistance.
Synthesis, absolute configuration and activity at N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor of the four D-2-amino-4,5-methano-adipate diastereoisomers. (1991)

The four D-2-amino-4,5-methano-adipates 26, 27, 32, 33 were synthesized and their biological activity at the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor was assessed. The synthesis involved as a key step a rhodium acetate dimer catalyzed addition of ethyl diazoacetate to the protected D-allylglycine (17). In vitro receptor binding using L-[3H]glutamate as the radioligand provided affinity data, while modulation of [3H]TCP binding was used as a functional assay. The analogues were also evaluated in [3H]kainate and [3H]AMPA binding to assess selectivity over non-NMDA glutamate receptors. Three of the four diastereoisomer, D-CAA B (27), C (32) and D (33) were shown to have agonist properties at the NMDA-site, while the fourth, (2R,4R,5R) D-CAA A (26) was characterized as an NMDA-site atypic antagonist.
Changes in microRNA Expression in the Cochlear Nucleus and Inferior Colliculus after Acute Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (2020)

Noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) can lead to secondary changes that induce neural plasticity in the central auditory pathway. These changes include decreases in the number of synapses, the degeneration of auditory nerve fibers, and reorganization of the cochlear nucleus (CN) and inferior colliculus (IC) in the brain. This study investigated the role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the neural plasticity of the central auditory pathway after acute NIHL. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed to white band noise at 115 dB for 2 h, and the auditory brainstem response (ABR) and morphology of the organ of Corti were evaluated on days 1 and 3. Following noise exposure, the ABR threshold shift was significantly smaller in the day 3 group, while wave II amplitudes were significantly larger in the day 3 group compared to the day 1 group. The organ of Corti on the basal turn showed evidence of damage and the number of surviving outer hair cells was significantly lower in the basal and middle turn areas of the hearing loss groups relative to controls. Five and three candidate miRNAs for each CN and IC were selected based on microarray analysis and quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). The data confirmed that even short-term acoustic stimulation can lead to changes in neuroplasticity. Further studies are needed to validate the role of these candidate miRNAs. Such miRNAs may be used in the early diagnosis and treatment of neural plasticity of the central auditory pathway after acute NIHL.
INFRARED SPECTRA FOR MATRIX ISOLATED $M_{2} S$ SPECIES OF Al, Ga, In, Te AND Ti (1970)

Author Institution: Chemistry Department, Rice University
Maximum a posteriori probability estimation of integer ambiguities and baseline (2013)

In this paper, a maximum a posteriori probability estimator is derived for determining the relative position and carrier phase integer ambiguities with GPS carrier phase measurements. The estimator is also applied to real measurements and enabled a heading determination with an accuracy of 0.5°/ baseline length [m].
Comments on "Fundamental conditions governing TDM switching assignments in terrestrial and satellite networks" (by K.Y. Eng and A.S. Acampora) (1989)

The problem in the above paper (see ibid., vol.COM-35, p.755-61, July 1987) is formulated in terms of a max-flow network problem. The main theorem can be proved quite simply using the max-flow-min-cut theorem once the proper way of looking at the problem is identified.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Farletuzumab, a monoclonal antibody against folate receptor alpha (FRα), does not block folate or anti-folate binding or alter drug potency assessed in vitro. (2011)

e13544 Background: FRα is overexpressed in a number of carcinomas. It is the target of the humanized monoclonal antibody, farletuzumab (FAR), currently in trials for ovarian and NSCL cancer. Pemetrexed (PMX) is commonly used in NSCLC treatment. Because PMX has a high affinity for FRα, it would be of concern if its accumulation depended on FRα and FAR blocked this process. Prior work using siRNA technology has shown that the cytotoxicity of PMX in FRα + cell lines is not dependent on receptor (Clin Ca Res 2004; 10:7986-93). Methods: Here we assessed the membrane binding, cellular accumulation and the cytotoxicity of PMX as well as methotrexate (MTX) and aminopterin (AMT), anti-folates with a very low affinity for FRα, in cell lines that express FRα [IGROV (ovarian carcinoma), MA104 (kidney epithelial)] or FRα negative Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. In addition, since patients are supplemented with folate while taking PMX, we also assessed effects of FAR on the binding and uptake of the predominant plasma folate, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (CH3FH4). Results: Binding of radiolabeled PMX and CH3FH4 was not blocked by FAR even when pre-incubated for 72 h prior to drug addition. Moreover, when cells were incubated with folic acid (FA), a ligand with such a high affinity for FRα that any cell accumulation of test drug is via a receptor independent mechanism (e.g., reduced folate carrier), there was significant CH3FH4 and PMX uptake, indicating that FRα is not the sole path for transport. FAR did not alter the IC50 of PMX, MTX or AMT, but increasing CH3FH4 from 5 to 40 nM increased the IC50 of PMX from 1.5 to 20 nM. FA (100 nM) increased the IC50 of PMX to 28 nM. Conclusions: Whereas folate decreases the potency of PMX, FAR does not interfere with folate or anti-folate binding by FRα and, moreover, does not alter the potency of anti-folates in vitro. This implies that FAR and small molecules targeting FRα may be used concomitantly if preclinical testing warranted such combinations and that the addition of FAR to a regimen already using PMX would not be expected to result in marked increases in PMX toxicity.
Development of a Software Tool for Identifying Protein Sequence Interdependencies from Multiple Sequence Alignments (2021)

Introduction Computational methods for evaluating protein structure have led to a deepened understanding of how aligned sequences of amino acid chains may be used to infer structural relationships. We developed a pattern discovery program for predicting and visualizing higher order group relationships and their correspondences from large scale multiple sequence alignments across multiple species that can enhance the understanding of submolecular protein structure, even for proteins that do not have a solved structure. Methods We developed PSICalc (Protein Sequence Interdependency Calculator) software, using a novel algorithm based originally on the k‐modes algorithm that clusters substructural components using normalized mutual information as a measure of intra‐site interdependency [Durston, K.K., Chiu, D.K.Y., Wong, A.K.C., Li, G.C.L., Statistical discovery of site inter‐dependencies in sub‐molecular hierarchical protein structuring, EURASIP J Bioinform Syst Biol. (2012) Jul 13;2012(1):8. doi: 10.1186/1687‐4153‐2012‐8]. To aid in visualizing interactions across multiple subdomains, we developed PSICalc Viewer, a complete graphical user interface that allows researchers to provide a multiple sequence alignment and a set of available input parameters to visualize predicted protein structure as a polytree graph. Results The structure of ubiquitin is well‐known and served as a base case for validating the amino acid pairs and groupings identified by the algorithm. The algorithm was able to correctly group amino acids into pairs and clusters representing features of the three dimensional structure of ubiquitin. As one example, the algorithm clustered amino acids 27, 41, and 52, which represent adjacent positions in the three dimensional structure of ubiquitin (1UBQ). Additionally, the algorithm identified pairs and clusters of amino acids around the ATP binding pocket of the ATPase domain of topoisomerase II using a dataset of HATPase domains from the Pfam database. Conclusions The software tool employs the PSICalc algorithm, which allows the researcher to predict features of submolecular protein structure. The pairs and clusters of amino acids identified by the algorithm appear to have structural relevance either through close interactions or mutual participation in larger folds or domains. Additional studies are currently being pursued to apply the software tool to other proteins of interest. It is expected that this tool will aid in the examination of proteins of unknown structure through identification of submolecular interdependencies in protein sequences.
Green's function boundary conditions in two-dimensional and three-dimensional atomistic simulations of dislocations (1998)

Abstract A method for dynamically updating the boundary conditions of atomistic simulations is presented. The lattice Green's function boundary relaxation method, originally introduced by Sinclair et al. in 1978, is extended to treat three-dimensional (3D) simulations. The boundary conditions for two-dimensional (2D) and 3D defect cells are evaluated using line and point force distributions respectively. The method is general and has been incorporated into several potential interaction schemes. Examples of the method using embeddedatom method potentials are presented for the following: simulation of a straight (a/2)[110] screw dislocation in Ni; an isolated a<001> kink on an (a/2)[111] screw dislocation in bcc Fe; simulation of a periodic array of a<001> kinks on an (a/2)[111] screw dislocation in bcc Fe. The first simulation is 2D in nature and the last two defects are 3D.
Local Information Busy Burst Thresholding (2009)

This paper presents a novel approach for setting the thresholds for busy burst (BB) enabled interference avoidance in TDD (time division duplex) systems. One of the key issues in the BB concept is the appropriate choice of the threshold, which determines whether a user is allowed to transmit on a specific time-frequency resource unit. For a two-link network we derive the optimum threshold value that maximises the sum rate. Furthermore, for multiple links, a new heuristic threshold that only relies on locally available information is derived. It is demonstrated via simulations that the heuristic threshold provides superior sum rate than a fixed system-wide threshold.
Genetic variation in soluble epoxide hydrolase ( EPHX2 ) and risk of coronary heart disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study (2006)

Endothelial dysfunction contributes to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). Soluble epoxide hydrolase metabolizes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids in the vasculature and regulates endothelial function. We sought to determine whether genetic variation in soluble epoxide hydrolase (EPHX2) was associated with the risk of CHD. We genotyped 2,065 Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study participants (1,085 incident CHD cases, 980 non-cases) for 10 previously identified polymorphisms in EPHX2. Using a case-cohort design, associations between incident CHD risk and both non-synonymous EPHX2 polymorphisms and phase-reconstructed haplotypes were evaluated using proportional hazards regression. Individuals carrying the K55R polymorphism variant allele demonstrated higher apparent soluble epoxide hydrolase activity in vivo. Presence of the K55R variant allele was significantly more common among Caucasian CHD cases when compared with non-cases (20.8% versus 15.3%, respectively, P=0.012), and was associated with significantly higher risk of incident CHD (adjusted hazard rate ratio 1.45, 95% confidence interval 1.05-2.01, P=0.026). A significant association between the K55R variant allele and risk of CHD was not observed in African-Americans. The distribution of reconstructed haplotypes were significantly different in Caucasian cases when compared with non-cases (P=0.021). Significant differences in haplotype distribution were not observed in African-Americans (P=0.315). Genetic variation in EPHX2 was significantly associated with risk of incident CHD in Caucasians, implicating EPHX2 as a potential cardiovascular disease-susceptibility gene.
A Time-Domain Comparatorfor Successive Approximation Register Analog-to-Digital Converter (2018)

High precision,high linearity and low power analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) are an important part of thein sensor systems.Compared with other types of analog to digital converters,successive approximation register (SAR) ADC has the advantages,for example: simple structure,small size,low power consumption,easy programmable and high degree of digitization,as a result,SAR ADC has been widely used in wireless sensor networks.In this work,a novel high-precision digital time-domain comparator which can be applied to both single-ended and differential SAR ADCs is proposed,this comparator proposed can achieve both high-resolution and high-speed.Compared with the traditional time domain comparator,the proposed time domain comparator has the characteristics of high precision and high speed.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Substituted Tertiary and O‐Substituted Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers by Site‐, Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Vinylogous Mannich Reactions. (2015)

Abstract The triphenylphosphine derived amino‐acid containing catalyst (PCA) is applied in the Ag‐catalyzed condensation of imines (I) and (VII) with siloxypyrroles to afford lactams (III) and (IX) in good stereoselectivity.
Two Neolignans Isolated from Hydnocarpus Annamensis Studied by NMR Spectroscopy (2007)

Two neolignans were isolated from the bark of Hydnocarpus annamensis. Their structures were elucidated using high-resolution ESI mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. The proton and carbon chemical shifts of the two compounds was assigned using 2D NMR experiments, including HSQC, HMBC, DQF-COSY and NOESY. The results of capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis demonstrated that the two compounds are racemates.
ALD of Al2O3 for Highly Improved Performance in Li-Ion Batteries (2012)

Significant advances in energy density, rate capability and safety will be required for the implementation of Li-ion batteries in next generation electric vehicles. We have demonstrated atomic layer deposition (ALD) as a promising method to enable superior cycling performance for a vast variety of battery electrodes. The electrodes range from already demonstrated commercial technologies (cycled under extreme conditions) to new materials that could eventually lead to batteries with higher energy densities. For example, an Al2O3 ALD coating with a thickness of ~ 8 A was able to stabilize the cycling of unexplored MoO3 nanoparticle anodes with a high volume expansion. The ALD coating enabled stable cycling at C/2 with a capacity of ~ 900 mAh/g. Furthermore, rate capability studies showed the ALD-coated electrode maintained a capacity of 600 mAh/g at 5C. For uncoated electrodes it was only possible to observe stable cycling at C/10. Also, we recently reported that a thin ALD Al2O3 coating with a thickness of ~5 A can enable natural graphite (NG) electrodes to exhibit remarkably durable cycling at 50 degrees C. The ALD-coated NG electrodes displayed a 98% capacity retention after 200 charge-discharge cycles. In contrast, bare NG showed a rapid decay. Additionally, Al2O3 ALD filmsmore » with a thickness of 2 to 4 A have been shown to allow LiCoO2 to exhibit 89% capacity retention after 120 charge-discharge cycles performed up to 4.5 V vs Li/Li+. Bare LiCoO2 rapidly deteriorated in the first few cycles. The capacity fade is likely caused by oxidative decomposition of the electrolyte at higher potentials or perhaps cobalt dissolution. Interestingly, we have recently fabricated full cells of NG and LiCoO2 where we coated both electrodes, one or the other electrode as well as neither electrode. In creating these full cells, we observed some surprising results that lead us to obtain a greater understanding of the ALD coatings. We have also recently coated a binder free LiNi0.04Mn0.04Co02O2 electrode containing 5 wt% single-walled carbon nanotubes as the conductive additive and demonstrated both high rate capability as well as the ability to cycle the cathode to 5 V vrs. Li/Li+. Finally, we coated a Celgard (TM) separator and enabled stable cycling in a high dielectric electrolyte. These results will be presented in detail.« less
Lymph node–resident lymphatic endothelial cells mediate peripheral tolerance via Aire-independent direct antigen presentation (2010)

Peripheral immune tolerance is generally thought to result from cross-presentation of tissue-derived proteins by quiescent tissue-resident dendritic cells to self-reactive T cells that have escaped thymic negative selection, leading to anergy or deletion. Recently, we and others have implicated the lymph node (LN) stroma in mediating CD8 T cell peripheral tolerance. We demonstrate that LN-resident lymphatic endothelial cells express multiple peripheral tissue antigens (PTAs) independent of the autoimmune regulator (Aire). They directly present an epitope derived from one of these, the melanocyte-specific protein tyrosinase, to tyrosinase-specific CD8 T cells, leading to their deletion. We also show that other LN stromal subpopulations express distinct PTAs by mechanisms that vary in their Aire dependence. These results establish lymphatic endothelial cells, and potentially other LN-resident cells, as systemic mediators of peripheral immune tolerance.