gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
75 HIGHLY EFFICIENT AND RELIABLE CHEMICALLY ASSISTED ENUCLEATION METHOD FOR HANDMADE CLONING IN CATTLE AND SWINE (2004)

In bovine and porcine nuclear transfer, most traditional enucleation procedures require potentially harmful chromatin staining and UV illumination. The purpose of our work was to find an efficient and reliable chemically-assisted procedure for enucleation connected to the handmade cloning (HMC) technique without chromatin staining. Slaughterhouse-derived oocytes were collected and matured in vitro. At 21 (bovine) or 43 (porcine) h after the start of maturation, cumulus cells were removed with vortexing and oocytes were further incubated in the maturation medium supplemented with 0.5 µg mL-1 demecolcine for 2 h. Subsequently, zonae pellucidae were digested with 2 mg mL-1 pronase in the presence of 10% cattle serum (CS) for 6 to 8 min and washed in HEPES-buffered TCM-199 medium and 20% CS. Bisection was performed in the same medium by hand under a stereomicroscope by using a microblade. A small membrane protrusion observable on the surface of oocytes was used as an orientation point. One-third of the cytoplasm connected to this protrusion was removed, and the cytoplasts and karyoplasts were collected separately. Bovine cytoplasts were used as recipients for HMC experiments (Vajta et al., 2003, Biol. Reprod. 68, 571–578) with fetal fibroblasts as donors, and reconstructed embryos were cultured for 7 days. In Experiment 1 (3 replicates), the possibility of oriented bisection at different time points was determined on a total of 225 bovine oocytes. At 5, 15, 25, 35 and 55 min after the end of pronase digestion 64, 91, 93, 72 and 59% of oocytes had membrane protrusions (P &amp;lt; 0.05 between all groups, SAS Genmod) illustrating the time-dependent manner of the protrusion. In Experiment 2, the efficiency and reliability of enucleation was measured. Bisection was performed between 5 and 35 min after pronase digestion. Subsequently both supposed cytoplasts and karyoplasts were stained with Hoechst and investigated under UV light. In cattle (9 replicates), bisection was successfully performed in 94% (519/552) of oocytes, and 98% (507/517) of those bisected were enucleated, i.e. the chromatin was entirely in the presumptive karyoplast. In swine (3 replicates), 91% (302/331) of oocytes were successfully bisected and 95% (280/296) were enucleated. In Experiment 3 (cattle; 4 replicates), blastocyst per reconstructed embryo rates were 47% (139/293), illustrating the high developmental ability in vitro. Considering that no oocyte selection based on the presence of polar body was performed, the above system seems to be more efficient and reliable than other enucleation methods. Moreover, expensive equipment (inverted fluorescent microscope) and a potentially harmful step (staining and UV illumination) can be eliminated from the HMC without compromising the high in vitro efficiency.
5-(Tryptophyl)amino-1,3-dioxoperhydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine-Based Potent and Selective CCK1 Receptor Antagonists:  Structure−Activity Relationship Studies on the Central 1,3-Dioxoperhydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine Scaffold (2001)

To further define the pharmacophore of the potent and selective 5-(tryptophyl)amino-1,3-dioxoperhydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine-based CCK(1) receptor antagonists the electronic and topographic properties of the central 1,3-dioxoperhydro-pyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine scaffold have been modified. With this aim, the 1- and 3-oxo groups have been replaced by the thioxo- and deoxi-analogues, and the fused piperidine ring has been contracted to the corresponding pyrrolidine moiety. The results of the evaluation of the new analogues as CCK receptor ligands, in rat pancreas and cerebral cortex preparations, showed that, whereas replacement of oxygen with sulfur is allowed, reduction of the 1- or 3-oxo groups or the contraction of the fused piperidine ring lead to the complete loss of binding affinity at CCK(1) receptors. The thioxo-analogues 5a, 8a, 12a, and 12b showed functional CCK(1) antagonist activity, inhibiting the CCK-8-stimulated amylase release from pancreatic acinar cells. The 1-thioxo analogue 5a, with subnanomolar affinity (IC(50) = 0.09 x 10(-9) M), was found to be the most potent and selective compound within the family of 5-(tryptophyl)amino-1,3-dioxoperhydropyrido[1,2-c]pyrimidine-based CCK(1) antagonists.
Amphiphilic Copolymers Capable of Concomitant Release of HNO and Small Molecule Organics (2016)

We demonstrate concomitant release of HNO and small molecule organics from amphiphilic poly(norbornene)-based copolymers. This key function was achieved by incorporation of thermally labile oxazine units within random and block copolymer architectures. Upon thermolysis, we observed generation of HNO and release of a small molecule conjugate. Importantly, the release kinetics of HNO and a UV-active small molecule (4-nitroaniline) were found to be 1:1, signifying an ability to monitor HNO production indirectly, or to simultaneously release organic therapeutics (e.g., nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) along with HNO. To our knowledge, these are the first reported polymeric materials demonstrating HNO release from covalently attached HNO donors.
Optical and transient capacitance study of EL2 in the absence and presence of other midgap levels (1986)

A high-resolution optical study was carried out on GaAs crystals grown by horizontal Bridgman and liquid-encapsulated-Czochralski methods. An excellent correlation was found between the intensity of the 1.039-eV no-phonon line and the characteristic absorption of EL2, the major deep donor level in GaAs. A correlation was also found between the characteristic optical absorption of EL2 and its concentration as determined by junction capacitance measurements. The presence of EL0, another midgap level contained in heavily oxygen-doped crystals at concentrations always less than those of EL2, had no effect on the optical spectra, but altered the capacitance measurements. Accordingly, an accurate calibration for the determination of EL2 by optical absorption was obtained from capacitance measurements on crystals containing only EL2; in this way the uncertainties introduced by other midgap levels were eliminated.
Progress Towards a Micromachined Thermoelectric Generator using PbTe and PbSnSeTe Thin Films (2006)

This paper presents etching techniques and metal contact resistance studies for vapor-deposited PbTe and PbSnSeTe films to enable micromachining of thermoelectric (TE) generators within integrated MEMS devices (e.g. micro heat engines, microcombustors). Films of up to 10 micrometers were achieved using (100) silicon substrates. Single-crystal films were achieved using CdTe or ZnTe buffer layers, while polycrystalline films were formed on thermally-oxidized silicon. Processes using a bromine-based wet etch and methane-based ICP plasma etch yielded etch rates of 3 micrometer/min and 0.65 micrometers/min, respectively, with high selectivities (&gt;10:1) to photoresist, silicon and SiO2. Electrical resistivity (van der Pauw) and metal contact resistance (transfer length method) test structures were used to characterize patterned PbTe and PbSnSeTe films and the contact resistance with a variety of metals (Au/Cr, Au, Pt, Ni, Cu, Pt). Film resistivities of 5-300 m(omega)-cm and ohmic contacts with specific contact resistivities of 0.4-40 m(omega)-sq cm were achieved.
Ab initio and Monte Carlo study of solvent eÜects on a 1,3–dipolar cycloaddition (1998)

M. P. Repasky and W. L. Jorgensen, Faraday Discuss., 1998, 110, 379 DOI: 10.1039/A802427H
Noncardiovascular comorbidities in patients with heart failure and their impact on prognosis (2021)

With the aging of the population and improvement of life expectancy of patients with heart disease, there is an increase in non-cardiovascular (CV) comorbidities affecting chronic heart failure (HF) patients. The increased prevalence of different CV and non-CV comorbidities is a rising problem in the management of patients with HF, mostly because these comorbidities may lead to poor prognosis, increase of hospitalizations and mortality rate. Recently, important data from multicenter randomized studies point to diabetes mellitus or iron deficiency as new pharmacological targets, and this highlights the need of broad expertise for the 21st-century cardiologist. The management of HF should take into account non-CV comorbidities. In this review, we discuss novel aspects of non-CV comorbidities in HF patients and emphasize the impact on prognosis.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Immunotargeting of Antigen xCT Attenuates Stem-like Cell Behavior and Metastatic Progression in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Evaluation of efficacy of anti-xCT vaccination on TUBO or 4T1 derived lung metastases&lt;/p&gt;
NSPUDT resonator on langasite (2003)

A SAW resonator design for NSPUDT substrates like Langasite with cut angles (0/spl deg/,14/spl deg/,22-24/spl deg/) has been developed. It consists of a natural single phase unidirectional transducer (NSPUDT) combined with a bidirectional split finger transducer within reflection gratings. The resonance frequency of the two port resonators is around 400 MHz depending on the used crystal cut The measured frequency response shows excellent agreement with a P-matrix based simulation of the devices. The NSPUDT resonators processed on different Langasite (La/sub 3/Ga/sub 5/SiO/sub 14/) and Langatate (La/sub 3/Ta/sub 0.5/Ga/sub 5.5/O/sub 14/) wafers exhibit an insertion attenuation as low as 2.8 dB and loaded Q-values of up to 15000.
Supplementary Figure S3 from Clinical Acquired Resistance to RAF Inhibitor Combinations in <i>BRAF</i>-Mutant Colorectal Cancer through MAPK Pathway Alterations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S3. Copy number alterations for Patient #1.&lt;/p&gt;
The infrared spectrum of silaethylene (1986)

The harmonic vibrational frequencies and infrared intensities of the H2Si=CH2 molecule have been predicted by ab initio molecular quantum mechanics. Self-consistent-field (SCF) and configuration interaction (CI) methods have been used in conjunction with a double zeta plus polarization (DZ+P) basis. Comparison with pertinent experimental data is made.
HSR19-107: Nivolumab for Newly Diagnosed Classical Hodgkin Lymphoma: Patient-Reported Outcomes From CheckMate 205 Cohort D (2019)

Background: Patients (pts) with classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) frequently experience reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (Oerlemans et al, Ann Hematol 2011). Nivolumab, a fully human IgG4 anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor monoclonal antibody, demonstrated efficacy and clinically meaningful improvement in pt-reported outcomes (PROs) in pts with relapsed/refractory cHL in cohorts A, B, and C of CheckMate 205 (NCT02181738) (Armand et al, J Clin Oncol 2018; Engert et al, ASH 2017). Nivolumab monotherapy followed by nivolumab + doxorubicin, vinblastine and dacarbazine (N-AVD) demonstrated an objective response rate of 84% in newly diagnosed cHL (cohort D of CheckMate 205; Ramchandren et al, EHA 2018). We present PROs in CheckMate 205 cohort D. Methods: Pts ≥18 years of age with untreated, advanced-stage cHL, with ECOG performance status (PS) of 0–1 received 4 doses of nivolumab monotherapy (240 mg IV Q2W) followed by N-AVD for 6 cycles (12 doses). Pts then entered the follow-up (FU) period. PROs were an exploratory endpoint, assessed using the EuroQol 5 Dimensions-3 level (EQ-5D-3L) and associated visual analog scale (EQ-VAS) in all treated pts who had both a baseline (monotherapy cycle 1) and post-baseline assessment. EQ-VAS ranges from 0–100, with higher scores indicating better HRQoL. In EQ-5D-3L, pts can report no, some, or extreme problems in each of 5 dimensions (mobility, self-care, activity, pain, and anxiety). Results: 51 pts were treated. At baseline, median age was 37 years, 63% were male, 59% had ECOG PS of 0. 49 pts (96%) completed baseline EQ-VAS. Mean EQ-VAS scores exceeded the mean baseline score at the end of monotherapy, after 2 combination cycles, at the end of therapy, and during follow-up (Table 1). The proportion of pts reporting some or extreme problems in EQ-5D-3L was numerically lower than or similar to baseline after monotherapy for all dimensions, but was numerically higher than baseline (dimensions of mobility and activity) after 2 combination cycles, and remained close to or numerically below baseline during follow-up (dimensions of self-care, activity, pain, and anxiety). Conclusions: Pt-reported HRQoL, as assessed by observed mean EQ-VAS scores, did not deteriorate from baseline during treatment with nivolumab followed by N-AVD. Proportions of pts reporting problems in individual EQ-5D-3L dimensions were generally similar to baseline during treatment and follow-up.
Signal Detection in Industrial Noise: Effects of Noise Exposure History, Hearing Loss, and the Use of Ear Protection (1985)

The detection of one-third octave signals superimposed on backgrounds of steady-state and intermittent industrial noise of 84 dBA was investigated for observers with normal hearing or moderate to severe noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL). Variables included age, noise exposure history, configuration of the audiogram and the wearing of insert hearing protectors. Detection thresholds were obtained binaurally over headphones using a two- interval forced-choice procedure. For unprotected listening all observers showed a masked threshold of about 80 dBA for a one-third octave band cented at 3.15 kHz. Neither variation in noise exposure history nor configuration of the audiogram were significant factors. Using insert protectors in noise, observers with normal hearing showed an advantage on average of 3 dB. Those with NIHL gave masked detection thresholds greater than 100 dBA. Detection of a one-third octave band centred at 1 kHz by hearing-impaired observers with mild to moderate loss at 1 kHz was similar to that for normal observers. A model of the detection process was developed and evaluated.
50 years of Arabidopsis research: highlights and future directions (2015)

922 I. 922 II. 922 III. 925 IV. 925 V. 926 VI. 927 VII. 928 VIII. 929 IX. 930 X. 931 XI. 932 XII. 933 XIII. Natural variation and genome-wide association studies 934 XIV. 934 XV. 935 XVI. 936 XVII. 937 937 References 937 SUMMARY: The year 2014 marked the 25(th) International Conference on Arabidopsis Research. In the 50 yr since the first International Conference on Arabidopsis Research, held in 1965 in Göttingen, Germany, > 54 000 papers that mention Arabidopsis thaliana in the title, abstract or keywords have been published. We present herein a citational network analysis of these papers, and touch on some of the important discoveries in plant biology that have been made in this powerful model system, and highlight how these discoveries have then had an impact in crop species. We also look to the future, highlighting some outstanding questions that can be readily addressed in Arabidopsis. Topics that are discussed include Arabidopsis reverse genetic resources, stock centers, databases and online tools, cell biology, development, hormones, plant immunity, signaling in response to abiotic stress, transporters, biosynthesis of cells walls and macromolecules such as starch and lipids, epigenetics and epigenomics, genome-wide association studies and natural variation, gene regulatory networks, modeling and systems biology, and synthetic biology.
Stable Blue Photoluminescence from Porous Silicon (2002)

Blue emission from porous silicon is realized that is stable and clearly visible to naked eyes even after two months&amp;amp;apos; exposure in ambient air. The porous silicon is formed by the usual anodization with the aid of an oxidative metal but without any postanodization treatment. The origin of this photoluminescence is revealed and interpreted in terms of formation of interfacial oxide-related detects followed by passivation by oxygen.
Thermomechanical strain measurements by synchrotron x-ray diffraction and data interpretation for through-silicon vias (2013)

To study thermomechanical strain induced by the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion in through-silicon vias (TSVs) and thus provide fundamental understanding of TSV reliability, strain measurements have been performed with synchrotron x-ray diffraction (XRD). The measured strains are available as two-dimensional (2D) distribution maps, whereas the strain distributions in TSVs are three-dimensional (3D) in nature. To understand this 3D to 2D data projection process, a data interpretation method based on beam intensity averaging is proposed and validated with measurements. The proposed method is applicable to XRD strain measurements on thin as well as thick samples.
Identification of SULF2 as a Novel Transcriptional Target of p53 by Use of Integrated Genomic Analyses (2009)

Microarray analysis has been useful for identifying the targets of many transcription factors. However, gene expression changes in response to transcription factor perturbation reveal both direct transcriptional targets and secondary gene regulation. By integrating RNA interference, gene expression profiling, and chromatin immunoprecipitation technologies, we identified a set of 32 direct transcriptional targets of the tumor suppressor p53. Of these 32 genes, 11 are not currently associated with the core p53 pathway. From among these novel pathway members, we focused on understanding the connection between p53 and SULF2, which encodes an extracellular heparan sulfate 6-O-endosulfatase that modulates the binding of growth factors to their cognate receptors and that has been shown to function as a tumor suppressor. Genetic and pharmacologic perturbation of p53 directly influences SULF2 expression, and similar to silencing of TP53, RNA interference-mediated suppression of SULF2 results in an impaired senescence response of cells to genotoxic stress. Thus, our integrated genomic approach has led to the identification of a novel mediator of p53 network biology.
Reservoir Modeling for Pad Optimization in the Context of Hydraulic Fracturing (2015)

Abstract Multiwell pads have become a norm in unconventional reservoirs with wells having multistage, multiperforation-cluster configuration. The complex jungle of wells and horizontal laterals under the surface of the earth has raised the complexity of pad optimization and hydraulic fracturing to a next level. Modeling the hydraulic fracture systems correctly is key for optimizing well and stage locations. Even in the case of noncomplex, planar fractures, the interaction amongst the fractures, which is also known as stress shadow effect, can lead to uneven fracture growth. In the case of complex fracture networks, the fracture interaction can be even stronger due to typically higher fracture density. Therefore, stress shadowing is a key element in reservoir modeling for shale plays in the framework of hydraulic fracturing. The sequence of stage placement in the pad and their treatment can also have a significant impact on the reservoir contact. The zipper fracturing technique, involving the simultaneous and back-to-back stimulation of horizontal wells on a pad, has been rapidly adopted by multiple operators in the last few year across various shale plays in North America. The technique has achieved its popularity due to increased efficiency and reduced turnaround time for a multiwell pad. The method has been effective in saving tens of millions of dollars for operators by accelerating the pad development cycle. Apart from improved completion efficiency, pads that have run zipper fracturing have shown improved production from their counterparts in the same field that have been completed without zipper fracturing. The impact on hydraulic fracture growth due to stress shadow from offset wells’ hydraulic fracture systems is a major contributing factor for this difference. Depending on the time spent between the stages, the extent and magnitude of stress shadow will change to dictate the growth of the offset well hydraulic fracture stage. Proper reservoir modeling can help optimize the well location and spacing, completion staging, and optimizing hydraulic fracture treatment designs as well as their sequence. This study reviews and discusses the application of stress shadow modeling for various treatment sequences for multiple wells in a pad—and use of numerical reservoir simulation for optimal pad development strategy. The results assess the impact of managing the fracturing sequence and accounting for the delay in time between stages, growth of hydraulic fractures and their interference amongst each other, distribution of proppants and fluids, and reservoir drainage through numerical simulation for unconventional reservoirs.
Direct measurement of increased light intensity in optical waveguides coupled to a surface plasmon spectroscopy setup (2007)

The local increase of light intensity in waveguide structures was monitored by a combination of conventional surface plasmon spectroscopy and a dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The sensitized nanoporous TiO2 layer of the DSSC served both as waveguide structure and light absorber in the DSSC. If the conditions for the excitation of guided modes in the TiO2 waveguide structure were fulfilled, increased light intensity in the porous layer was monitored by an increase of short circuit current in the DSSC. Comparison with direct illumination yields an increase of intensity by a factor of 19±6, in good agreement with transfer matrix calculations.
Separating distributed source coding from network coding (2006)

This correspondence considers the problem of distributed source coding of multiple sources over a network with multiple receivers. Each receiver seeks to reconstruct all of the original sources. The work by Ho et al. 2004 demonstrates that random network coding can solve this problem at the potentially high cost of jointly decoding the source and the network code. Motivated by complexity considerations we consider the performance of separate source and network codes. Previous work by Effros et al. 2003 demonstrates the failure of separation between source and network codes for nonmulticast networks. We demonstrate that failure for multicast networks. We study networks with capacity constraints on edges. It is shown that the problem with two sources and two receivers is always separable. Counterexamples are presented for other cases.
Hydrogen-bonded networks from novel platinum(ii) dimers (2005)

The structures of the complexes: cis-dichloro[(2-(phenylselanyl)ethanamine]platinum(II) (1) and cis-dichloro[(2-(benzylyselanyl)ethanamine]platinum(II) (2) are reported. Self-complementary N–H⋯Cl interactions result in the generation of dimers. Through this dimerization the Pt centres are brought within 3.4905(5) Å in the case of 1 and 3.6142(6) Å in the case of 2. When each of the dimers is viewed along the Pt–Pt vector the Pt to donor atom bonds are eclipsed. Through further N–H⋯Cl interactions, 1 forms a chain while 2 forms a sheet.
Telomerase Expression: Only Half the Story (2003)

Commentary to: Haploinsufficiency of hTERT Leads to Telomere Dysfunction and Radiosensitivity in Human Cancer Cells Travis Hauguel and Fred Bunz