gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An auctioning reputation system based on anomaly (2005)

Existing reputation systems used by online auction houses do not address the concern of a buyer shopping for commodities - finding a good bargain. These systems do not provide information on the practices adopted by sellers to ensure profitable auctions. These practices may be legitimate, like imposing a minimum starting bid on an auction, or fraudulent, like using colluding bidders to inflate the final price in a practice known as shilling.We develop a reputation system to help buyers identify sellers whose auctions seem price-inflated. Our reputation system is based upon models that characterize sellers according to statistical metrics related to price inflation. We combine the statistical models with anomaly detection techniques to identify the set of suspicious sellers. The output of our reputation system is a set of values for each seller representing the confidence with which the system can say that the auctions of the seller are price-inflated.We evaluate our reputation system on 604 high-volume sellers who posted 37,525 auctions on eBay. Our system automatically pinpoints sellers whose auctions contain potential shill bidders. When we manually analyze these sellers' auctions, we find that many winning bids are at about the items' market values, thus undercutting a buyer's ability to find a bargain and demonstrating the effectiveness of our reputation system.
Abstract 13158: Improving Clinical Outcomes by Implementing a Multi-Disciplinary Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Team (2021)

Introduction: Pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS) is a rare disease that is associated with high mortality. In 2015, we instituted a multidisciplinary PVS team and surveillance protocol to aid disease detection and treatment. Hypothesis: Implementation of a PVS team will improve clinical outcomes in children with PVS Methods: In this retrospective study (2009-2019), we compared patient characteristics, disease surveillance and treatment practices for primary PVS patients prior to the introduction of the PVS team (NoPVT, first intervention between 2009-2014) and after the introduction of the PVS team (PVT, first intervention between 2015-2019). Results: In our cohort, there were 29 patients in the NoPVT group and 33 patients in the PVT group. We found no significant difference between the median age of first intervention (0.48 (0.22-0.92) years, NoPVT vs 0.66 (0.5-1.1) years, PVT), presence of bilateral disease (34%,NoPVT vs 65%, PVT) and number of veins diseased at diagnosis (2.1 ± 0.15 veins, NoPVT vs 2.3± 0.18 veins PVT). Following pulmonary vein interventions, more patients had surveillance axial imaging after introduction of the PVS team (28% NoPVT vs 72% PVT; p&amp;lt0.05), with an average number of surveillance scans increased per patient (1.2± 0.46 NoPVT vs 2.4±0.33 PVT, p=0.05). There was an increased number of reinterventions for disease recurrence (17% NoPVT vs 42% PVT; p=0.05). Freedom from death at 1 and 2 years was 56% and 52% in the NoPVT cohort and 83% and 70% in the PVT cohort (p=0.068). Conclusions: Adoption of a surveillance protocol and dedicated PVS team has the potential to improve outcomes in children with primary PVS.
Interest-based Content Dissemination in Opportunistic Networks (2008)

With the growth of Internet, the underlying protocols are increasingly challenged by new technologies and applications. The original Internet protocols were, however, not designed for wireless communication, mobility, long disconnection times, and varying bandwidths. In this thesis, we study challenged networking, and how well old and new protocols operate under such constraints. Our study is experimental. We build network testbeds and measure the performance of alternative protocols and architectures. We develop novel methodologies for repeatable experiments that combine emulations, simulations and real world experiments. Based on our results we suggest modifications to existing protocols, and we also develop a new network architecture that matches the constraints of a challenged network, in our case, an opportunistic network. One of our most important contributions is an Ad hoc Protocol Evaluation (APE) testbed. It has been successfully used worldwide. The key to its success is that it significantly lowers the barrier to repeatable experiments involving wireless and mobile computing devices. Using APE, we present side-by-side performance comparisons of IETF MANET routing protocols. A somewhat surprising result is that some ad hoc routing protocols perform a factor 10 worse in the testbed than predicted by a common simulation tool (ns-2). We find that this discrepancy is mainly related to the protocols’ sensing abilities, e.g., how accurately they can infer their neighborhood in a real radio environment. We propose and implement improvements to these protocols based on the results. Our novel network architecture Haggle is another important contribution. It is based on content addressing and searching. Mobile devices in opportunistic networks exchange content whenever they detect each other. We suggest that the exchange should be based on interests and searches, rather than on destination names and addresses. We argue that content binding should be done late in challenged networks, something which our search approach supports well.
Relativethat– a centennial dispute (1985)

But it would only be fair to add that there is still an essential difference between the hope that never dies and the hope that it was all wrong . (Van der Laan, 1929: 28)
High Speed Silicon Carrier-Depletion Mach-Zehnder Modulator with 1.4V-cm VπL (2010)

We demonstrate a very efficient high speed silicon carrier-depletion Mach-Zehnder (MZ) modulator with an ultralow π-phase-shift voltage-length product VπL=1.4V-cm. The 3dB bandwidth of a typical 1mm long device was measured to be more than 12GHz.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Gable Bis‐porphyrin Linked with a Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene Ring (I) and Its Conversion into a Conjugated Planar Bis‐porphyrin (II). (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The role of early endoscopic follow up after simple closure of perforated duodenal ulcer: A prospective study (2002)

Objective: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori is effective in preventing ulcer relapse after simple repair of perforated duodenal ulcers. However, when and how the H. pylori status should be determined remains unclear. The study investigated the role of early endoscopic follow up in managing patients with simple omentopexy for duodenal ulcer perforation. Patients and Method: Patients below the age of 75 years who had simple repair of perforated duodenal ulcer were recruited. They were given a 4‐week course of H 2 receptor antagonist upon discharge and advised to return for a follow‐up endoscopy at 8 weeks after operation. During endoscopic examination, ulcer healing and other gastroduodenal pathology were noted. Random biopsies were taken from the antrum and body of the stomach for determination of H. pylori infection. Results: In a 30‐month period, 112 patients were admitted with perforated duodenal ulcers. The perforation was repaired by either laparoscopic ( n = 41) or open method ( n = 71). Eleven patients died during hospitalization. Of the 101 patients who recovered, 16 were lost to follow up. Nine patients were considered unfit for endoscopy as a result of medical comorbidities. Among the 76 patients who attended the follow‐up endoscopy, 47 were shown to have H. pylori infection (61.8%). Active duodenal ulcers were found in 15 patients, significant erosions in five patients and severe duodenitis in seven patients. Patients infected by H. pylori had a significantly higher proportion of persistent duodenal pathology compared with the uninfected patients (23/47 vs 4/29; P = 0.003). Multivariate analysis revealed that smoking and H. pylori infection were the two independent factors predicting persistent duodenal lesions. Conclusion: Patients treated with simple closure for duodenal ulcer perforation are recommended to have their H. pylori status determined by early follow‐up endoscopy, and an eradication regimen should be prescribed to those who are positive for the infection. Chinese Abstract image image image image image
Cerebral Vascular Effects of Propofol as a Hypotensive Agent During Cerebral Ancurysm Surgery (1995)

Lam, Arthur M MD, FRCPC; Matta, Basil F MB, FRCA; Mayberg, Teresa S MD; Winn, H Richard MD Author Information
S-Acyl-2-Thioethyl Aryl Phosphotriester Derivatives of AZT:  Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Stability Study (2003)

The synthesis, antiviral activity, and stability study of phosphotriester derivatives of 3'-azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (AZT) bearing modified l-tyrosinyl residues are reported. These compounds were obtained via phosphoramidite (P(III)) chemistry from the appropriate aryl precursors. All the derivatives were evaluated for their in vitro anti-HIV activity, and they appeared to be potent inhibitors of HIV-1 replication in various cell culture experiments, with EC(50) values between the micro- and nanomolar range, especially in thymidine kinase deficient (TK(-)) cells, showing their ability to act as mononucleotide prodrugs. The proposed decomposition process of these mixed mononucleoside aryl phosphotriesters successively involves an esterase and a phosphodiesterase hydrolysis.
Joint Wireless Information and Power Transfer for an Autonomous Multiple Antenna Relay System (2015)

Considering a three-node multiple antenna relay system, this letter proposes a two-phase amplify-and-forward (AF) relaying protocol, which enables the autonomous relay to simultaneously harvest wireless power from the source information signal and from an energy signal conveyed by the destination. We first study this energy-flow-assisted (EFA) relaying in a single-input single-output (SISO) relay system and aim at maximizing the rate. By transforming the optimization problem into an equivalent convex form, a global optimum can be found. We then extend the protocol to a multiple antenna relay system. The relay processing matrix is optimized to maximize the rate. The optimization problem can be efficiently solved by eigenvalue decomposition, after linear algebra manipulation. It is observed that the benefits of the energy flow are interestingly shown only in the multiple antenna case, and it is revealed that the received information signal and the energy leakage at the relay can be nearly separated by making use of the signal space, such that the desired signal can be amplified with a larger coefficient.
Adipocyte Exosomes Promote Melanoma Aggressiveness through Fatty Acid Oxidation: A Novel Mechanism Linking Obesity and Cancer (2016)

Malignant progression results from a dynamic cross-talk between stromal and cancer cells. Recent evidence suggests that this cross-talk is mediated to a significant extent by exosomes, nanovesicles secreted by most cell types and which allow the transfer of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids between cells. Adipocytes are a major component of several tumor microenvironments, including that of invasive melanoma, where cells have migrated to the adipocyte-rich hypodermic layer of the skin. We show that adipocytes secrete exosomes in abundance, which are then taken up by tumor cells, leading to increased migration and invasion. Using mass spectrometry, we analyzed the proteome of adipocyte exosomes. Interestingly, these vesicles carry proteins implicated in fatty acid oxidation (FAO), a feature highly specific to adipocyte exosomes. We further show that, in the presence of adipocyte exosomes, FAO is increased in melanoma cells. Inhibition of this metabolic pathway completely abrogates the exosome-mediated increase in migration. Moreover, in obese mice and humans, both the number of exosomes secreted by adipocytes as well as their effect on FAO-dependent cell migration are amplified. These observations might in part explain why obese melanoma patients have a poorer prognosis than their nonobese counterparts. Cancer Res; 76(14); 4051-7. ©2016 AACR.
Forces, pressures and energies associated with liquid rising in nonuniform capillary tubes (2015)

In this theoretical study, the forces, pressures, energies and kinetics for liquid rising in three types of capillary tubes were analyzed: one type was chemically homogeneous and the other two were nonuniform with chemical gradients. The tubes with chemical gradients were "designed" such that the liquid would still rise and attain the same ultimate height as an equivalent homogenous tube, but as shown here, the energies and kinetics of these inhomogeneous tubes are anticipated to be quite different from their homogeneous counterpart.
Regulated Secretion of MuGM-CSF in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via GAL1:MFα1 Prepro Sequences (1988)

Murine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) was expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using a novel regulated secretion system. This system involves the fusion of the GAL1 upstream regulatory region to the signal sequence of the alpha mating pheromone, and the integration of this GAL1:MF alpha 1 prepro:MuGM-CSF construct into the yeast chromosome. These constructs were very stable under both selective and nonselective conditions: after 30 generations of growth no plasmid loss was observed. The expression and secretion of MuGM-CSF were analyzed by biological assays and Western blots of yeast culture medium and yeast cell extracts. Expression of MuGM-CSF was regulated by galactose induction. In addition, expression levels were proportional to the number of tandem copies of the gene inserted into the yeast chromosome.
Reliability and magnetic immunity of reflow-capable embedded STT-MRAM in 16nm FinFET CMOS process (2021)

We demonstrate the reliability and magnetic immunity of STT-MRAM embedded in 16nm FinFET CMOS process. The technology supports endurance cycles up to 105 for wide temperature range from -40°C to 125°C with low bit error rate and passes 106 cycles at the worst temperature case of -40°C. Data retention sustains three solder-reflow cycles and up to 10 years with less than 1ppm error rate at 234°C. Read disturb error rate is less than 10-20 per read. Magnetic immunity of standby and active mode can reach 550Oe for 10 years 1ppm error rate and 800Oe for 0.1ppm error rate per write at 125 °C, respectively.
Chandelier Illumination for Use During Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty in Patients With Advanced Bullous Keratopathy (2011)

We demonstrate a technique that uses chandelier illumination during Descemet stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) in cases of severe bullous keratopathy. A chandelier illumination fiber inserted through the corneal side port provides sclerotic scattering-like illumination from the sclerocorneal margin and endoillumination from the anterior chamber, resulting in excellent visibility for Descemet stripping and intraocular manipulation without obstruction from a hazy cornea. In cases complicated by dense cataract, the chandelier fiber can be inserted transconjunctivally into the pars plana, providing sufficient retroillumination to perform phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation combined with Descemet stripping for a DSAEK triple procedure. Because of the powerful illumination and hands-free nature of the chandelier fiber, the Descemet membrane can be visualized clearly and stripped as 1 sheet without inadvertent complications. We have developed a new 25-gauge illuminated anterior chamber maintainer comprising a 25-gauge infusion cannula through which a 29-gauge chandelier fiber probe passes. Because of the resulting bright illumination and adequate irrigation flow, excellent visibility with stable anterior chamber maintenance can be concurrently obtained for Descemet stripping, endothelial graft insertion, and subsequent intraocular manipulations without the need for biological staining or ophthalmic viscosurgical products, even in patients with severe corneal haze. This technique and new device facilitates safe and simple intraocular manipulation during DSAEK and encourages surgeons to perform DSAEK in challenging cases.
Fundamental role of the Rip2/caspase-1 pathway in hypoxia and ischemia-induced neuronal cell death (2003)

Caspase-1 plays a key role in inflammatory pathways by processing pro-IL-1beta into the active cytokine mature IL-1beta. Given its sequence similarity with the Caenorhabditis elegans cell death gene ced-3,it has long been speculated that caspase-1 may also play a role in cell death. However, an unequivocal role for caspase-1 in cell death has been questioned, and not definitively demonstrated. Furthermore, if caspase-1 does play a role in cell death, its position in the apoptotic hierarchy has not been clearly defined. Previous studies have shown that caspase-1 knockout (KO) mice and transgenic mice expressing a dominant-negative caspase-1 construct are resistant to ischemic brain injury. We provide direct evidence that caspase-1 plays a key role in neuronal cell death and that caspase-1 is an apical activator of the cell death pathway in the premitochondrial collapse stage. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Rip2/Cardiak/Rick is a stress-inducible upstream modulator of pro-caspase-1 apoptotic activation. We provide evidence that Bid cleavage appears to be an important downstream effector of caspase-1-mediated cell death. Our data demonstrate that caspase-1 is an apical mediator of neuronal cell death during in vitro hypoxia, and confirmed in vivo in ischemia, and provide insights into the sequence of events involved in this pathological cell death process.
Reactivity of Myoglobin Reconstituted with Cobalt Corrole toward Hydrogen Peroxide (2022)

The protein matrix of natural metalloenzymes regulates the reactivity of metal complexes to establish unique catalysts. We describe the incorporation of a cobalt complex of corrole (CoCor), a trianionic porphyrinoid metal ligand, into an apo-form of myoglobin to provide a reconstituted protein (rMb(CoCor)). This protein was characterized by UV-vis, EPR, and mass spectroscopic measurements. The reaction of rMb(CoCor) with hydrogen peroxide promotes an irreversible oxidation of the CoCor cofactor, whereas the same reaction in the presence of a phenol derivative yields the cation radical form of CoCor. Detailed kinetic investigations indicate the formation of a transient hydroperoxo complex of rMb(CoCor) which promotes the oxidation of the phenol derivatives. This mechanism is significantly different for native heme-dependent peroxidases, which generate a metal-oxo species as an active intermediate in a reaction with hydrogen peroxide. The present findings of unique reactivity will contribute to further design of artificial metalloenzymes.
Driving HIV-specific vaccine responses in immune suppressed recipients (113.20) (2012)

Abstract Malaria, TB and HIV-1 remain tremendous disease burdens in much of the world’s population. Vaccines for these diseases are desperately needed. However, vaccine efficacy is likely to be compromised due to the systemic Th2 biasing and immune suppression caused by infection with parasitic helminthes. Our lab and others have shown that helminth infection suppresses Th1-type vaccine-specific responses. Although Sub-Saharan populations will benefit most from these vaccines, a large percentage of these populations live in helminth endemic regions. A goal of our research is to find vaccine vectors that drive significant HIV-specific immune responses in helminth infected recipients, despite the immune status of the individual. In the current study, we demonstrate that administration of an HIV vaccine (Listeria expressing HIV-1 gag protein) drives significant HIV-specific CTL and Th1 responses in mice chronically infected with the helminth parasite Schistosoma mansoni. These results suggest that Listeria vector vaccines likely will drive HIV-specific responses in helminth-infected human populations. Kinetic studies show that the HIV-vaccine-specific responses generated in schistosome infected mice are durable and capable of inducing CD4+ and CD8+ T cell memory. Further, Listeria vectors should be considered in the development of new generation HIV-1, malaria or TB vaccines to be administered to populations in sub-Saharan Africa where helminth infection is endemic.
A pass transistor regular structure for implementing multi-level combinational circuits (2002)

Implementation of multi-level combinational circuits using pass transistors and transmission gates is presented. The circuits are built with a new set of pass transistor gates, creating a network with well defined logic values at any node. A method to identify certain logic patterns is presented with the goal to reduce the number of pass transistor gates required to implement a logic function. SPICE simulations verified by the simulation of an example circuit show significant speed improvements for combinational circuits designed with pass transistor gates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Resonant test circuit for high-power cascaded converter submodules (2013)

This paper presents a test circuit and methodology suitable for testing high-power half-bridge submodules such as would be used in cascaded converters for high-voltage dc converters. The circuit utilizes a series resonant tank and two half-bridge submodules with voltage and impedance cancellation in order to minimize hardware requirements.
Rheological survey of carbon fiber-reinforced high-temperature thermoplastics for big area additive manufacturing tooling applications (2019)

Carbon fiber (CF)-reinforced thermoplastic composites have been widely used in different structural applications due to their superior thermal and mechanical properties. The big area additive manufacturing (BAAM) system, developed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Manufacturing Demonstration Facility, has been used to manufacture several composite components, demonstration vehicles, molds, and dies. These components have been designed and fabricated using various CF-reinforced thermoplastics. In this study, the dynamic rheological and mechanical properties of a material commonly used in additive manufacturing, 20 wt% CF-acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), as well as three CF-reinforced high-temperature polymers, 25 wt% CF-polyphenylsulfone (PPSU), 35 wt% CF-polyethersulfone (PES), and 40 wt% CF-polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), used to print molds were investigated. The viscoelastic properties, namely storage modulus, loss modulus, tan delta, and complex viscosity, of these composites were studied, and the rheological behavior was related to the BAAM extrusion and bead formation process. The results showed 20 wt% CF-ABS and 40 wt% CF-PPS to display a more dominant elastic component at all frequencies tested while 25 wt% CF-PPSU and 35 wt% CF-PES have a more dominant viscous component. This viscoelastic behavior is then used to inform the deposition and bead formation process during extrusion on the BAAM system.
Clinical Effects of a Standardized Soy Extract in Postmenopausal Women (2000)

SOYSELECT may be a safe and efficacious therapy for relief of hot flushes in women who refuse or have contraindications for hormone replacement therapy.