gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Properties of Charge Carrier Transport in Au/Phenyl C61Butyric Acid Methyl Ester/Au Structure (2011)

The properties of charge carrier transport through the Au/phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester/Au (Au/PCBM/Au) structure are studied by measuring DC currents passing through the structure at various temperatures and in the presence of an external electric field. Temperature- and field-strength dependent conductivities show that the energy band gap of the PCBM crystalline solid is 1.70 eV, and this value depends on the pressure during its preparation. There is a thermally activated process that controls the carrier mobility of this PCBM solid. We found out that its activation energy is influenced by the external electric field, and it increases with increasing field strength. The activation energy increases from 2 to 110 meV corresponding to a variation of the field strength from 50 to 1000 V cm-1. Theoretical calculation shows that the magnitude of the potential barrier for carrier transport through the structure increases only from 2 to 7 meV in the same field strength range owing to the Schottky effect on the Au/PCBM interface. Therefore, the field-strength-dependent mobility plays a more important role than the Schottky effect on the carrier transport through the structure.
Kinetic Analysis of Resistance to Paraquat in Conyza (1987)

Paraquat resistance has been claimed to be due to a sequestration of the herbicide before it reaches chloroplasts. This is based on the sensitivity of photosystem I in isolated thylakoids to paraquat, and autoradiographic analyses showing label from paraquat near veins 4 hours after treatment of a resistant biotype. Conversely, the enzymes of the superoxide detoxification pathway were found to be at constitutively elevated levels in intact class A chloroplasts of the resistant biotype of Conyza bonariensis (L.) Cronq. Evidence is presented here that physiologically active levels of paraquat rapidly inhibit chloroplast function in both the resistant and sensitive biotype, before the first sequestration was visualized. This inhibition is transient (completed in 2 hours) in the resistant biotype and irreversible in the sensitive type. Intact class A chloroplasts of the resistant biotype with or without paraquat are less susceptible to photoinduced membrane damage than the sensitive biotype without paraquat, as measured by ethane evolution. These data support a hypothesis that the ability to prevent superoxide damage keeps the resistant biotype viable while paraquat or its metabolites are being sequestered.
Fast healing of deformation-induced damage in Ag/Bi-2223 tapes (2001)

Critical current, magneto-optical (MO) images and ac susceptibility of Ag/BSCCO-2223 tapes were studied at various stages of tape processing. It was found that long-range connectivity of the tape core destroyed by intermediate deformation was restored in less than 1 h of subsequent sintering. Transverse flux penetration observed in MO images of sintered tapes are supposedly weak link channels remaining at locations of unhealed or only partially healed deformation-induced cracks.
Equivalence of serum and plasma neurofilament light chain levels using highly sensitive automated immunoassay (2020)

Abstract Background Neurofilament light chain (NfL) in blood is a promising new biomarker for neurogenerative disease 1 and clinical progression in presymptomatic Alzheimer disease 2 . Well established standardization of assays and collection methods are necessary before acceptance for clinical use. Data supporting equivalence of plasma and serum NfL testing are not yet widely published. In this study, we compared three blood collection specimen types, two for plasma and one for serum. Method Matched serum, heparin‐treated plasma, and EDTA‐treated plasma from 40 individual donors were acquired. NfL concentration was determined using an automated immunoassay developed at Siemens Healthcare Laboratory, LLC 3 . Sample equivalence was analyzed with Deming regression. Result All two way comparisons resulted in strong correlation: NfL concentrations in serum and lithium heparin plasma (slope=1.004, R=0.971), serum and K2EDTA plasma (slope=1.065, R=0.961), and lithium heparin plasma and K2EDTA plasma (slope=1.059, R=0.979). Conclusion Individual to individual variability was noted to be higher in plasma than with serum. With a well‐optimized automated immunoassay, NfL concentrations in plasma and serum were equivalent. References: (1) Zetterberg, H., Burnham, S.C. Blood‐based molecular biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Brain 12 , 26 (2019) doi:10.1186/s13041‐019‐0448‐1. (2) Preische O, et al, Serum neurofilament dynamics predicts neurodegeneration and clinical progression in presymptomatic Alzheimer's disease, Nat Med. 2019 Feb;25(2):277‐283. doi: 10.1038/s41591‐018‐0304‐3. (3) Plavina, et al, Development of a Sensitive Serum Neurofilament Light Assay on Siemens Routine Immunoassay Platforms, poster presentation, ECTRIMS, 2019.
Analysis of toxin profiles in three different fish species causing ciguatera fish poisoning in Guadeloupe, French West Indies (2002)

A grey snapper (Lutjanus griseus), a grouper (Serranidae) and a black jack (Caranx lugubris) were implicated in three different ciguatera poisonings in Guadeloupe, French West Indies. A mouse bioassay indicated toxicity for each specimens: 0.5-1, > or = 1 and > 1 MUg g(-1), respectively. After purification by gel filtration chromatography, the samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The toxin profiles differ from one fish to another. C-CTX-1 was detected at 0.24, 0.90 and 13.8 ng g(-1) flesh in the snapper, grouper and jack, respectively. It contributed only to part of the whole toxicity determined by the mouse bioassay. Other toxins identified were C-CTX-2 (a C-CTX-1 epimer), three additional isomers of C-CTX-1 or-2, and five ciguatoxin congeners (C-CTX-1127, C-CTX-1143 and its isomer C-CTX-1143a, and C-CTX-1157 and its isomer C-CTX-1157b). Putative hydroxy-polyether-like compounds were also detected in the flesh of the grouper with [M+ + H]+ ions at m/z 851.51, 857.50, 875.51, 875.49 and 895.54 Da. Some of these compounds have the same mass range as some known dinoflagellate toxins. In conclusion, this study confirms the usefulness of LC-MS analysis to determine the ciguatoxins levels and the toxin profile in fish flesh hazardous to humans.
Valve replacement for aortic stenosis with severe congestive heart failure and pulmonary hypertension. (1996)

Our data indicate that in aortic stenosis, even with severe left heart failure, pulmonary hypertension can be fully reversible and a significant improvement in both rest and effort hemodynamic parameters can be expected.
<title>Fabrication of 2D continuous-relief diffractive optical elements</title> (1993)

Progress in the fabrication of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) as 2-dimensional continuous-relief microstructures is described. The elements are fabricated by laser-beam writing in photoresist and have typical microreliefs up to 5 micrometers and periods down to 10 micrometers . Examples include fan-out elements and Fresnel microlens arrays. The design and fabrication of a 9 X 9 fan-out DOE with a diffraction efficiency of 94% and an overall uniformity of +/- 8% is described. High quality replicas are produced by low-cost embossing and casting techniques.
SSS3D: Fast Neural Architecture Search For Efficient Three-Dimensional Semantic Segmentation (2023)

We present SSS3D, a fast multi-objective NAS framework designed to find computationally efficient 3D semantic scene segmentation networks. It uses RandLA-Net, an off-the-shelf point-based network, as a super-network to enable weight sharing and reduce search time by 99.67% for single-stage searches. SSS3D has a complex search space composed of sampling and architectural parameters that can form 2.88 * 10^17 possible networks. To further reduce search time, SSS3D splits the complete search space and introduces a two-stage search that finds optimal subnetworks in 54% of the time required by single-stage searches.
Pulsed-Source Interferometry in Acoustic Imaging (2003)

A combination of pulsed-source interferometry and acoustic diffraction has been proposed for use in imaging subsurface microscopic defects and other features in such diverse objects as integrated-circuit chips, specimens of materials, and mechanical parts. A specimen to be inspected by this technique would be mounted with its bottom side in contact with an acoustic transducer driven by a continuous-wave acoustic signal at a suitable frequency, which could be as low as a megahertz or as high as a few hundred gigahertz. The top side of the specimen would be coupled to an object that would have a flat (when not vibrating) top surface and that would serve as the acoustical analog of an optical medium (in effect, an acoustical optic).
Performance evaluation of Gbps OFDM PHY layers for 60-GHz wireless LAN applications (2009)

We present new Gbps orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) physical layers and performance evaluations for applications of 60-GHz wireless local area network (WLAN). They are designed to operate in 57-66 GHz unlicensed frequency band with the possibility to use different channel bandwidth and to promise full compatibility to the channel plan that most 60-GHz standard groups have employed. Different modulation and coding schemes given by the designed OFDM physical layers allow scalable spectral efficiency to provide different payload data rates with different radio coverage. To facilitate practical hardware implementation with the designed OFDM physical layers, the performance evaluations are done with realistic 60-GHz channel models and 60-GHz nonideal RF front-ends models. The results confirm that the designed OFDM physical layer is suitable for high-data rate wireless LAN systems in practical application scenarios.
Synthesis of Water-Soluble Star-Block and Dendrimer-like Copolymers Based on Poly(ethylene oxide) and Poly(acrylic acid) (2003)

Star-block copolymers (PEO3-b-PAA3) and dendrimer-like copolymers (PEO3-b-PAA6) consisting of three inner poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) arms and either three or six peripheral poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) blocks were derived by a core-first approach. To this end, the OH end groups of three-arm PEO stars prepared anionically were derivatized into either three or six bromo-ester functions that served to grow the poly(tert-butyl acrylate) (PtBA) blocks by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) in a controlled fashion. This could be achieved at 80 °C in toluene in the presence of CuBr/pentamethyldiethylenetriamine (CuBr/PMDETA) as the catalyst system. Characterization by size exclusion chromatography and NMR of star-block copolymers (PEO3-b-PtBA3) and dendrimer-like copolymers (PEO3-b-PtBA6) confirmed their well-defined character. Subsequent treatment with trifluoroacetic acid selectively hydrolyzed the PtBA blocks, leading to the targeted PEO3-b-PAA3 and PEO3-b-PAA6 compounds. Alternatively, an arm-first methodology utilizing a divinylic comonomer as the linking agent was applied to access star-block copolymers incorporating an inner PAA part and a peripheral PEO layer. To this end, preformed PEO-b-PtBA diblock copolymers were reacted with divinylbenzene in anisole in the presence of CuBr/PMDETA. Some of the factors controlling the formation of (PtBA-b-PEO)f stars were examined. These included the molar ratio of the linking agent to the diblock precursor, the molar mass of the latter species, and the reaction time. Finally, selective hydrolysis led to the expected double hydrophilic star-block copolymers noted (PAA-b-PEO)f.
Band-Reconfigurable Filter With Liquid Metal Actuation (2018)

A substrate integrated waveguide band-reconfigurable filter with four configurations: 1) dual band; 2) low band; 3) high band; and 4) no-band, is presented. Liquid metal is chosen to enable switching between the different configurations by filling or emptying certain via holes and channels. By altering the liquid metal placement in the filter, cavity boundaries and transmission lines are adjusted to obtain the desired response. In order to demonstrate the concept, a prototype filter in C-band is designed and fabricated. The frequency responses of the liquid-metal-actuated filter (in all operating configurations) are compared with simulated and fabricated copper-plated filters. Good agreement is observed between the simulation results and the measurements. For the single- and dual-band filter configurations, insertion loss less than 1.9 dB and return loss greater than 16 dB are achieved at the center frequencies of 4.6 and 7 GHz. For the no-band (or all-stop) configuration, isolation is better than 36 dB over the entire band between 4 and 8 GHz. Additionally, to quantify the impact of using liquid metal, unloaded quality factors of a fabricated liquid-metal-actuated and copper-plated resonator are compared. The presented filter clearly demonstrates the potential of using liquid metal actuation in future reconfigurable RF hardware.
Low-refractive-index materials: A new class of optical thin-film materials (2007)

The refractive index, a most fundamental quantity in optics and optoelectronics, determines many figures of merit of optical components such as reflectors, filters, and resonators. Here we present a new class of optical thin-film materials that have a very low refractive index. Specular films of high optical quality with refractive indices as low as 1.05 are demonstrated. Applications of the material in optoelectronics and solid-state lighting will also be discussed.
Interactive selection of optimal section orientations using real‐time MRI (1995)

In applications where precise image section positioning is vital, the interactive section rotation and offset capabilities of interactive MRI should be valuable. However, due to the independent nature of these two adjustments, the desired structure may often not be visible in the image after a rotation. Valuable time is wasted during relocation. An algorithm is presented that automatically alters the section offset after a rotation to provide continuous viewing of a marked structure, greatly improving section orientation efficiency. The technique is illustrated in the determination of double oblique angulation for through-plane imaging of the portal vein. This algorithm is expected to prove useful in applications of interactive MRI requiring precise positioning.
Grid-Sphere Electrodes for Contact with Ionospheric Plasma (2010)

Grid-sphere electrodes have been proposed for use on the positively biased end of electrodynamic space tethers. A grid-sphere electrode is fabricated by embedding a wire mesh in a thin film from which a spherical balloon is formed. The grid-sphere electrode would be deployed from compact stowage by inflating the balloon in space. The thin-film material used to inflate the balloon is formulated to vaporize when exposed to the space environment. This would leave the bare metallic spherical grid electrode attached to the tether, which would present a small cross-sectional area (essentially, the geometric wire shadow area only) to incident neutral atoms and molecules. Most of the neutral particles, which produce dynamic drag when they impact a surface, would pass unimpeded through the open grid spaces. However, partly as a result of buildup of a space charge inside the grid-sphere, and partially, the result of magnetic field effects, the electrode would act almost like a solid surface with respect to the flux of electrons. The net result would be that grid-sphere electrodes would introduce minimal aerodynamic drag, yet have effective electrical-contact surface areas large enough to collect multiampere currents from the ionospheric plasma that are needed for operation of electrodynamic tethers. The vaporizable-balloon concept could also be applied to the deployment of large radio antennas in outer space.
On Cross-Layer Design for Streaming Video Delivery in Multiuser Wireless Environments (2006)

We exploit the interlayer coupling of a cross-layer design concept for streaming video delivery in a multiuser wireless environment. We propose a cross-layer optimization between application layer, data link layer, and physical layer. Our aim is to optimize the end-to-end quality of the wireless streaming video application as well as efficiently utilizing the wireless resources. A possible architecture for achieving this goal is proposed and formulated. This architecture consists of the process of parameter abstraction, a cross-layer optimizer, and the process of decision distribution. In addition, numerical results obtained with different operating modes are provided. The results demonstrate the potential of this proposed joint optimization.
Decreased Rhes mRNA levels in the brain of patients with Parkinson’s disease and MPTP-treated macaques (2017)

In rodent and human brains, the small GTP-binding protein Rhes is highly expressed in virtually all dopaminoceptive striatal GABAergic medium spiny neurons, as well as in large aspiny cholinergic interneurons, where it is thought to modulate dopamine-dependent signaling. Consistent with this knowledge, and considering that dopaminergic neurotransmission is altered in neurological and psychiatric disorders, here we sought to investigate whether Rhes mRNA expression is altered in brain regions of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), Schizophrenia (SCZ), and Bipolar Disorder (BD), when compared to healthy controls (about 200 post-mortem samples). Moreover, we performed the same analysis in the putamen of non-human primate Macaca Mulatta, lesioned with the neurotoxin 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Overall, our data indicated comparable Rhes mRNA levels in the brain of patients with SCZ and BD, and their respective healthy controls. In sharp contrast, the putamen of patients suffering from PD showed a significant 35% reduction of this transcript, compared to healthy subjects. Interestingly, in line with observations obtained in humans, we found 27% decrease in Rhes mRNA levels in the putamen of MPTP-treated primates. Based on the established inhibitory influence of Rhes on dopamine-related responses, we hypothesize that its striatal downregulation in PD patients and animal models of PD might represent an adaptive event of the dopaminergic system to functionally counteract the reduced nigrostriatal innervation.
Flight Test Evaluation of an Alternative Local Area Augmentation System Architecture (1998)

A Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS) architecture alternative has been developed to provide satellite-based navigation for aircraft precision approach and landing. Differential code and carrier phase measurements from GPS satellites and ground-based airport pseudolites (APLs), located at each end of the approach runway, are optimally processed at the aircraft to improve vertical performance. In an operational sense, this performance improvement would be realized as increased LAAS availability. In addition, a new integrity monitoring architecture is introduced to provide the tightest achievable protection limits with respect to LAAS reference receiver failures. To demonstrate that the notional LAAS architecture is realizable, a prototype system was implemented at Moffett Federal Airfield in California for flight testing on a National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Beechcraft King Air. In this paper, the ground and air components of the prototype architecture implementation are described. Experimental results from King Air flight trials performed in September 1997 show exceptional navigation performance with the APL architecture, including a 95 percent vertical navigation error of 0.74 m in real time.
SOX1 antibodies are markers of paraneoplastic Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome (2007)

SOX1 is the antigen recognized by anti-glial nuclear antibody-positive sera. The detection of SOX1 antibodies in patients with Lambert-Eaton myasthenic syndrome (LEMS) predicts the presence of small cell lung cancer and may be used to follow more closely those LEMS patients with no evidence of cancer at the initial workup.
Altering Grooming Decisions to Enhance p-Cycle Design Efficiency (2009)

In most prior work on survivable network design, lower level connection requirements are assumed to have already been "groomed" into a required set of lightpath demands. In this work, we show how grooming decisions can be directly integrated into an overall p-cycle network design for more efficiency. We use this new ability to understand how the number of grooming sites affects overall network efficiency and how grooming decisions can interact with the p-cycle protection strategy. In test case results a set of STM-1 demands are groomed into a set of STM-16 transport connections in a way that is jointly optimal considering both working path capacities and p-cycles formed to protect those paths. The study also compares different criteria for selecting grooming sites.
A Novel Lead Garment Structural System to Alleviate Orthopedic Stress for Surgeons (2018)

Cardiovascular, orthopedic, and interventional radiology procedures using fluoroscopy require healthcare professionals to wear heavy lead garments for radiation protection, sometimes for up to 12 hours per day. Wearing lead garments for prolonged periods of time can lead to musculoskeletal injuries, discomfort, and fatigue. MobiLead is a mobile lead garment frame that was developed to reduce the weight supported by the user in an effort to mitigate these problems. The MobiLead system moves the lower garment load off the user’s body to a structural ground-supported frame and redistributes the upper load from the shoulders to the hips through a torso frame. The system is compact and maximizes the limited space available in operating rooms, while still giving the surgeon adequate mobility for various emergency procedures. Preliminary analysis of device effectiveness was conducted using electromyography and qualitative surgeon user feedback surveys. This paper will discuss the design, fabrication, and testing procedures for this mobile radiation protection system optimizing both support and mobility.
Possible fabrication techniques and welding specifications for the external cylinder of the CMS coil (2000)

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) is one of the experiments, which are being designed in the framework of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) project at CERN. The design field of the CMS magnet is 4 T, the magnetic length is 12.5 m and the free aperture is 6 m in diameter. This is achieved with a 4 layer and 5 module superconducting Al-stabilized coil energized at a nominal current of 20 kA at 4.5 K. In the CMS coil the structural function is ensured, unlike in other existing Al-stabilized thin solenoids, both by the Al-alloy reinforced conductor and the external cylinder. The calculated stress level in the cylinder at operating conditions is particularly severe. In this paper the different possible fabrication techniques are assessed and compared and a possible welding specification for this component is given.