gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Methods for Predicting Photometric Redshifts from Broadband Photometry Using Virtual Sensors (2006)

We calculate photometric redshifts from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Main Galaxy Sample, The Galaxy Evolution Explorer All Sky Survey, and The Two Micron All Sky Survey using two new training-set methods. We utilize the broad-band photometry from the three surveys alongside Sloan Digital Sky Survey measures of photometric quality and galaxy morphology. Our first training-set method draws from the theory of ensemble learning while the second employs Gaussian process regression both of which allow for the estimation of redshift along with a measure of uncertainty in the estimation. The Gaussian process models the data very effectively with small training samples of approximately 1000 points or less. These two methods are compared to a well known Artificial Neural Network training-set method and to simple linear and quadratic regression. Our results show that robust photometric redshift errors as low as 0.02 RMS can regularly be obtained. We also demonstrate the need to provide confidence bands on the error estimation made by both classes of models. Our results indicate that variations due to the optimization procedure used for almost all neural networks, combined with the variations due to the data sample, can produce models with variations in accuracy that span an order of magnitude. A key contribution of this paper is to quantify the variability in the quality of results as a function of model and training sample. We show how simply choosing the "best" model given a data set and model class can produce misleading results.
A convolution model to convert transmission dose images to exit dose distributions (1997)

The aim of this study is to develop a model which computes exit dose values from transmission dose data obtained during patient treatment with an electronic portal imaging device (EPID). The proposed model convolves the primary dose distribution, derived from transmission dose distributions at large air gaps, with a scatter kernel to obtain the exit dose. The influence of inhomogeneities on the scatter contribution is taken into account by using a radiological path length model. To determine the parameters of the model, an extensive set of transmission dose measurements was performed behind various phantoms in an 8 MV beam using a liquid-filled EPID. The influence on the transmission dose of field size, phantom thickness, air gap between phantom and detector, and source-phantom distance was investigated. At air gaps larger than 50 cm the distribution of scattered dose is almost flat and its contribution to the total dose is relatively small, thus allowing an accurate separation of the primary and scattered dose by subtraction. Scattered dose distributions for air gaps smaller than 50 cm were obtained by subtracting the primary dose (corrected for divergence) from the measured total transmission dose. The resulting scattered dose distribution behind homogeneous phantoms has a Gaussian shaped profile, which becomes wider with increasing air gap. The relative contribution of scattered dose depends on the phantom thickness and is maximal for a thickness of about 10 cm. Using these results, the parameters of the convolution model (i.e., the shape of the scatter kernel) were determined. With the model the absolute exit dose is predicted with an accuracy of about 2% (1 s.d.) within the entire radiation field for homogeneous phantoms. Inhomogeneities are taken into account by calculating the radiological path length from the measured primary dose, i.e., without using CT data. By using the measured radiological path length the exit dose can be determined for inhomogeneous phantoms with an accuracy of 2.5%. It is concluded that, using our convolution model, EPID measurements at large air gaps can be used to estimate absolute exit doses in an 8 MV beam with an accuracy of 2.5%.
New progress in prediction and interpretation of line-drawings of curved 3D objects (2002)

Explores three aspects of curved 3D object recognition from monocular image contours: quantitative interpretation of contour position, orientation, and curvature: qualitative prediction of contour topology in the form of exact aspect graphs: and hybrid interpretation of contour features such as cusps, inflections, and t-junctions. Preliminary results are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A compact single-shot soft X-ray photon spectrometer for free electron laser diagnostics (2023)

The photon spectrum from free-electron laser (FEL) light sources offers valuable information in time-resolved experiments and machine optimization in the spectral and temporal domains. We have developed a compact single-shot photon spectrometer to diagnose soft X-ray spectra. The spectrometer consists of an array of off-axis Fresnel zone plates (FZP) that act as transmission-imaging gratings, a Ce-YAG scintillator, and a microscope objective to image the scintillation target onto a two-dimensional imaging detector. This spectrometer operates in an energy range which covers absorption edges associated with several atomic constituents carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and neon. The spectrometer's performance is demonstrated at a repetition rate of 120 Hz, but our detection scheme can be easily extended to 200 kHz spectral collection by employing a fast complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) line-scan camera to detect the light from the scintillator. This compact photon spectrometer provides an opportunity for monitoring the spectrum downstream of an endstation in a limited space environment with subelectronvolt energy resolution.
Classification of differences in deformation behavior of shafts with different kick points (2020)

For golfers, using a shaft that suits them gives good results to the shot content such as flight distance and hitting direction. On the other hand, if they use a shaft doesn’t suite them, it is necessary to adjust the movement during the swing due to the difference in sensibility. Therefore, we have developed a system that proposes the suitable shaft for golfers. The goal of the system is to propose a shaft that not only improves the trajectory but also the feeling. For that goal, in this research, we investigated how changes in shaft characteristics affect sensibility. First, we measured the swing using shafts with different kick points and calculated the deformation behavior of the shaft. Second, we classified golf swings and clarified the difference in deformation behavior for each pattern. Finally, we investigated the relationship between shaft deformation behavior and swing pattern, and considered the effect on sensitivity, so we report the details.
Supplementary Material for: Polymorphisms in KCNQ1 Are Associated with Gestational Diabetes in a Korean Population (2010)

<i>Background:</i> Recent genome-wide association studies in East Asians have identified polymorphisms in <i>KCNQ1</i> as new type 2 diabetes risk variants. The aim of this study was to investigate whether variants in <i>KCNQ1</i> are associated with development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and measures of oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at the time of diagnosis of GDM. <i>Methods:</i> Three candidate single nucleotide polymorphisms (rs2074196, rs2237892, and rs2237895) were genotyped in 869 Korean GDM women and 632 nondiabetic control subjects. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment and pancreatic β-cell function by the insulinogenic index at 1 h. <i>Results:</i> rs2074196 and rs2237892 were associated with the risk of GDM (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.01–1.36, p<i> = </i>0.039; OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.07–1.45, p<i> = </i>0.0049). Furthermore, rs2237892 and rs2237895 were nominally associated with a decreased insulinogenic index at the time of GDM diagnosis (p = 0.025 and p = 0.037), whereas no association was observed with measures of insulin resistance. <i>Conclusions:</i> The single nucleotide polymorphisms in <i>KCNQ1</i> showed a significant association with GDM in the Korean population. Although the mechanism is not yet clear, it could be possible that variants in <i>KCNQ1</i> confer a risk for GDM by altering pancreatic β-cell function.
Report on the first workshop on bias in automatic knowledge graph construction at AKBC 2020 (2020)

We report on the First Workshop on Bias in Automatic Knowledge Graph Construction (KG-BIAS), which was co-located with the Automated Knowledge Base Construction (AKBC) 2020 conference. Identifying and possibly remediating any sort of bias in knowledge graphs, or in the methods used to construct or query them, has clear implications for downstream systems accessing and using the information in such graphs. However, this topic remains relatively unstudied, so our main aim for organizing this workshop was to bring together a group of people from a variety of backgrounds with an interest in the topic, in order to arrive at a shared definition and roadmap for the future. Through a program that included two keynotes, an invited paper, three peer-reviewed full papers, and a plenary discussion, we have made initial inroads towards a common understanding and shared research agenda for this timely and important topic.
L-shaped resonant microring (LRM) modulator (2013)

A high-speed silicon L-shaped resonant microring modulator, enables directly integrated electrical contacts, 5-μm diameter, 5.3-THz free spectral range, is demonstrated error-free operation up to 30-Gb/s with 1.76-dB insertion loss and 2.8-dB power penalty.
Comprehensive structural analysis of biorefinery lignins with a quantitative13C NMR approach (2015)

The advance in analytical methodology is critical for the progress in the biorefinery and lignin commercialization.
Characteristics of gate-all-around polycrystalline silicon channel SONOS flash memory (2014)

In this study, the gate-all-around (GAA) poly-Si channel flash memories with a nitride charge trap layer (Si 3 N 4 ) have been successfully fabricated. Electrical characteristics of fabricated devices including the threshold voltage shift with program/erase operation have been investigated. Gate structures were formed differently according to each defined channel width. Results show that devices with the gate-all-around structure have superior program efficiency. To investigate the effect of gate structure on the program efficiency, TCAD simulation was carried out. Another issue of the fabricated devices is poor erase operation due to the quality of the blocking oxide. This issue has been studied through the capacitor composed of the same stack structure, and the way to improve the erase operation has been proposed.
Abstract 4286: Predictors of Surgical-like Results With Alcohol Septal Ablation for Obstructive Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2009)

Background. Alcohol ablation has emerged as a therapy for patients with obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. However, questions remain about optimal selection criteria for the procedure. Method...
Systematically exploring the behavior of control programs (2015)

Abstract — Many networked systems today, ranging from home automation networks to global wide-area net-works, are operated using centralized control programs. Bugs in such programs pose serious risks to system secu-rity and stability. We develop a new technique to system-atically explore the behavior of control programs. Be-cause control programs depend intimately on absolute and relative timing of inputs, a key challenge that we face is to systematically handle time. We develop an approach that models programs as timed automata and incorporates novel mechanisms to enable scalable and comprehensive exploration. We implement our approach in a tool called DeLorean and apply it to real control programs for home automation and software-defined net-works. DeLorean is able to finds bugs in these programs as well as provide significantly better code coverage—up to 94 % compared to 76 % for existing techniques. 1
Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning (VRFT) of velocity controller in self-balancing industrial manual manipulators (2010)

Self-balancing manual manipulators are devices that countervail the weight of a load that must be manually handled and moved by a human operator. An electric motor delivers the force needed to control the velocity of a spool with a metallic rope to which the load is hanged. This work concerns the tuning of the DC electric motor velocity controller. Specifically, Virtual Reference Feedback Tuning has been applied, which provides controller parameter tuning in a completely automatic way based on a single I/O batch measurement on the plant. The tuned controller shows good tracking performances and good robustness to variation in the applied load.
Supplementary document for Multi-functional volumetric meta-optics for color and polarization image sensors - 4296347.pdf (2020)

Primary supplemental material for main manuscript
Hypercapnic blood pressure response is greater during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle (1996)

We investigated the cardiovascular responses to acute hypercapnia during the menstrual cycle. Eleven female subjects with regular menstrual cycles performed hypercapnic rebreathing tests during the follicular and luteal phases of their menstrual cycles. Ventilatory and cardiovascular variables were recorded breath by breath. Serum progesterone and estradiol were measured on each occasion. Serum progesterone was higher during the luteal [50.4 +/- 9.6 (SE) nmol/l] than during the follicular phase (2.1 +/- 0.7 nmol/l; P < 0.001), but serum estradiol did not differ (follicular phase, 324 +/- 101 pmol/l; luteal phase, 162 +/- 71 pmol/l; P = 0.61). The systolic blood pressure responses during hypercapnia were 2.0 +/- 0.3 and 4.0 +/- 0.5 mmHg/Torr (1 Torr = 1 mmHg rise in end-tidal PCO2) during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively, of the menstrual cycle (P < 0.01). The diastolic blood pressure responses were 1.1 +/- 0.2 and 2.1 +/- 0.3 mmHg/Torr during the follicular and luteal phases, respectively (P < 0.002). Heart rate responses did not differ during the luteal (1.7 +/- 0.3 beats.min-1.Torr-1) and follicular phases (1.4 +/- 0.3 beats.min-1.Torr-1; P = 0.59). These data demonstrate a greater pressor response during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle that may be related to higher serum progesterone concentrations.
Interferometric force sensing AFM probes for nanomechanical mapping of material properties (2009)

In this paper, we describe an AFM probe that measures tip-sample interaction forces in tapping-mode AFM imaging. In our probes, a high-bandwidth interferometric force sensor at the end of the cantilever is coupled to the tip motion, and it is used to resolve tip-sample interaction forces with high temporal resolution. Measurements of the sensor signal show that the tip-sample interaction during imaging can be resolved with high sensitivity and high temporal resolution. In our experiments, the harmonics of the tip-sample interaction are used to map chemical and structural properties of the materials on the nanoscale.
Improved atomic force microscope using a laser diode interferometer (1992)

The performance of an atomic force microscope using a laser diode interferometer has been improved to the point where its resolution is comparable to that of laser beam deflection systems. We describe the structure of this microscope, present a model that takes into account the main parameters associated with its operation, and demonstrate its sensitivity by showing images of a small area scan with atomic resolution as well as a large area scan in a stand-alone configuration.
Sintering of Silicon Carbide Powder Containing Metal Boride (2003)

α(6H)-SiC powders mixed with 11 types of metal boride, B and C were sintered at high temperatures (1800-2200°C for 30min). MoB, NbB2, TaB2, TiB2, VB2, WB, and ZrB2 promoted the densification of SiC powder and sintered SiC had a high fracture toughness (4.07-4.75MPa·m1/2). The addition of metal boride enabled us to control the grain growth and densify SiC powder containing a fairly large amount of B. Metal borides dispersed in SiC grains, precipitated in triple points, and appeared to obstruct grain growth and crack propagation. CaB6, CrB, LaB6, and YB6 did not promote sintering of SiC powder. These latter metal borides resulted in highly exaggerated grain growth and the SiC powder became porous after sintering. The starting 6H-SiC powder tended to be partially transformed into a 4H polytype which was accompanied by grain growth.
Label-Free Biomedical Imaging Using High-Speed Lock-In Pixel Sensor for Stimulated Raman Scattering (2017)

Raman imaging eliminates the need for staining procedures, providing label-free imaging to study biological samples. Recent developments in stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) have achieved fast acquisition speed and hyperspectral imaging. However, there has been a problem of lack of detectors suitable for MHz modulation rate parallel detection, detecting multiple small SRS signals while eliminating extremely strong offset due to direct laser light. In this paper, we present a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor using high-speed lock-in pixels for stimulated Raman scattering that is capable of obtaining the difference of Stokes-on and Stokes-off signal at modulation frequency of 20 MHz in the pixel before reading out. The generated small SRS signal is extracted and amplified in a pixel using a high-speed and large area lateral electric field charge modulator (LEFM) employing two-step ion implantation and an in-pixel pair of low-pass filter, a sample and hold circuit and a switched capacitor integrator using a fully differential amplifier. A prototype chip is fabricated using 0.11 μm CMOS image sensor technology process. SRS spectra and images of stearic acid and 3T3-L1 samples are successfully obtained. The outcomes suggest that hyperspectral and multi-focus SRS imaging at video rate is viable after slight modifications to the pixel architecture and the acquisition system.
Rare Germline DICER1 Variants in Pediatric Patients With Cushing's Disease: What Is Their Role? (2020)

<b>Context:</b> The DICER1 syndrome is a multiple neoplasia disorder caused by germline mutations in the <i>DICER1</i> gene. In DICER1 patients, aggressive congenital pituitary tumors lead to neonatal Cushing's disease (CD). The role of <i>DICER1</i> in other corticotropinomas, however, remains unknown. <b>Objective:</b> To perform a comprehensive screening for <i>DICER1</i> variants in a large cohort of CD patients, and to analyze their possible contribution to the phenotype. <b>Design, setting, patients, and interventions:</b> We included 192 CD cases: ten young-onset (age <30 years at diagnosis) patients were studied using a next generation sequencing panel, and 182 patients (170 pediatric and 12 adults) were screened via whole-exome sequencing. In seven cases, tumor samples were analyzed by Sanger sequencing. <b>Results:</b> Rare germline <i>DICER1</i> variants were found in seven pediatric patients with no other known disease-associated germline defects or somatic <i>DICER1</i> second hits. By immunohistochemistry, DICER1 showed nuclear localization in 5/6 patients. Variant transmission from one of the parents was confirmed in 5/7 cases. One patient had a multinodular goiter; another had a family history of melanoma; no other patients had a history of neoplasms. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that <i>DICER1</i> gene variants may contribute to the pathogenesis of non-syndromic corticotropinomas. Clarifying whether <i>DICER1</i> loss-of-function is disease-causative or a mere disease-modifier in this setting, requires further studies. <b>Clinical trial registration:</b> ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00001595.
Water-Erodible Xanthan-Acrylate-Polyurethane Antifouling Coating (2019)

Biopolymer xanthan (Xn) and its functionalized polymer xanthan acrylate (XnAc) were used to improve the antifouling properties of synthesized waterborne polyurethane (WBPU) coatings, namely, WBPU-Xn and WBPU-XnAc. XnAc was synthesized by functionalization of xanthan (Xn) using polyacrylic acid. Coating hydrophilicity, adhesive strength, and erosion all varied with the Xn and XnAc contents. A moderate erosion rate was recorded only for the WBPU-XnAc coating. A good antifouling property for longer time was found in the WBPU-XnAc coating using zinc pyrithione as a biocide in the field test.
The Synthesis of Substituted Imidazo[4,5-d]isothiazoles via the Ring Annulation of Isothiazole Diamines: An Investigation of the Chemical, Physical, and Biological Properties of Several Novel 5:5 Fused Analogs of the Purine Ring System (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Substituted Imidazo[4,5-d]isothiazoles via the Ring Annulation of Isothiazole Diamines: An Investigation of the Chemical, Physical, and Biological Properties of Several Novel 5:5 Fused Analogs of the Purine Ring SystemEric E. Swayze and Leroy B. TownsendCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 20, 6309–6317Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00125a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00125a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views378Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Uncoupled rocking and shear base‐mechanisms for resilient reinforced concrete high‐rise buildings (2020)

Summary High‐rise buildings are an efficient solution to meet the housing challenges of global urbanization that is happening at an incredible pace. Code‐based seismic design philosophies are aimed at achieving collapse‐prevention under major earthquakes, implying extensive structural damage associated with important losses. A number of high‐performance systems have been investigated for enhancing the resilience of high‐rise buildings whose design is especially challenging due to higher‐mode effects even when a flexural mechanism is formed at the base of the structure. To this end, this paper proposes a new concept consisting of a three‐dimensional uncoupled rocking and shear mechanism system for high‐rise buildings where reinforced concrete (RC) core walls are used as the lateral‐force‐resisting system. The proposed system provides a dual‐mechanism at the base that independently limits both overturning moments (OTMs) and shear forces and thus more effectively mitigates higher‐mode effects. The characteristic mechanics of the proposed system are first studied through an idealized model. A physical embodiment is then designed, detailed, and validated through advanced models and extensive nonlinear dynamic analyses. A 42‐story RC core‐wall building that is located in Los Angeles and was studied as part of the PEER Tall Buildings Initiative is used as a reference structure in this study. Results confirmed that the proposed system eliminates damage at the base of the walls and minimizes the inelastic demands over the height of the building. In a general sense, the proposed concept provides a framework in which the intended dual mechanism can be implemented to a wider range of high‐rise structures.