gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concurrent Chain and Stepwise Polymerizations for the Preparation of Block Copolymers in One Step (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTConcurrent Chain and Stepwise Polymerizations for the Preparation of Block Copolymers in One StepG. Klaerner, M. Trollsås, A. Heise, M. Husemann, B. Atthoff, C. J. Hawker, J. L. Hedrick, and R. D. MillerView Author Information IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099 Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 24, 8227–8229Publication Date (Web):November 4, 1999Publication History Received28 January 1999Revised1 October 1999Published online4 November 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma990132ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma990132grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views407Altmetric-Citations31LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Condensation,Copolymerization,Copolymers,Radical polymerization,Ring-opening polymerization Get e-Alerts
MRI cine‐tagging of cardiac‐induced motion for noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis (2019)

1 Technical Efficacy: 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;51:1570-1580.
Automatic Labeled LiDAR Data Generation and Distance-Based Ensemble Learning for Human Segmentation (2019)

Following the improvements in deep neural networks, state-of-the-art networks have been proposed for human segmentation using point clouds captured by light detection and ranging. However, the performance of these networks depends significantly on the training data. An issue with collecting training data is labeling. Labeling by humans is necessary to obtain ground-truth labels; however, labeling involves high costs. Therefore, we propose an automatically labeled data generation pipeline, for which we can change any parameters or data generation environments. Our approach uses a human model named Dhaiba and the background of Miraikan to generate realistic artificial data. We present 1M data generated by the proposed pipeline. Furthermore, we propose an ensemble learning based on generated data for utilizing our data generation pipeline. This paper proposes the specifications of the pipeline, data details, and explanation of ensemble learning with evaluations of various approaches.
Neutralization and infection-enhancement epitopes of influenza A virus hemagglutinin. (1993)

We studied 18 mAb specific for the H3 hemagglutinin (HA) to analyze the relationships between neutralizing and infection-enhancing epitopes on the influenza HA. The mAb could be separated into three groups based on their neutralization (N) and enhancement (E) activity in assays with the prototype virus; group I (N+E+), group II (N+E-) and group III (N +/- E+). A representative mAb from each group was analyzed for its effect on the infectivity of a group of escape mutants, selected with mAb to three sites on the H3 HA, and wild-type H3 viruses to define the relationship between neutralizing epitopes and infection-enhancing epitopes. A group I mAb (N+E+), which recognized site A on the HA, neutralized virus infection at high concentrations of antibody and enhanced virus infection at low concentrations. A group II mAb (N+E-), which recognized site B, had high neutralizing but no enhancing activity. The failure of this mAb to enhance virus uptake was a result of the inability of the Fc portion of virus-mAb complexes to bind to Fc receptor. The addition of anti-murine IgG as a second antibody to these virus-mAb complexes augmented virus uptake. A group III mAb (N +/- E+), which recognized site C, had enhancing but little neutralizing activity. This is the first definition of distinct epitopes that induce neutralizing and/or enhancing mAb.
Microfluidic assays for biofuels research (2011)

We are developing next-generation assays for biofuels research using microfluidic technologies to provide significant improvement over conventional platforms in throughput, sensitivity, multiplexing and speed of analysis. To develop these microscale assays we utilize technologies covering a wide spectrum of complexity based on the requirements of the assays. For example, using off-the-shelf components we have developed a microtiter plate-based assay for screening cellulases against heterogeneous substrates. This approach relies on in-situ biomass regeneration in micro-volumes to volumetrically meter biomass (sub-mg loading) and also precisely control the amount of residual IL for screening activities of novel IL-tolerant cellulases. We have also developed more sophisticated platforms for screening of lignocellulolytic enzymes using microfluidic chip for electrophoretic analysis of glycans. These chips are being used to screen genetically-engineered enzymes, assess performance of pretreatment processes, and for discovering cellulase activities in microbial communities. We are also developing high throughput microchips to perform combinatorial DNA assembly for optimization of biofuel synthesis pathways.
Electro-refractive modulation in photonic structures (2023)

Methods, systems, and devices are described for electro-optic tuning. An example device may comprise a first layer comprising a transition metal di-chalcogenide material, a second layer comprising a conductive material, and a third layer comprising a dielectric material. The third layer may be disposed at least partially between the first layer and the second layer. An electrical potential difference applied between the first layer and the second layer may cause a tunable refractive index change in the first layer.
A 4096-Neuron 1M-Synapse 3.8-pJ/SOP Spiking Neural Network With On-Chip STDP Learning and Sparse Weights in 10-nm FinFET CMOS (2018)

A reconfigurable 4096-neuron, 1M-synapse chip in 10-nm FinFET CMOS is developed to accelerate inference and learning for many classes of spiking neural networks (SNNs). The SNN features digital circuits for leaky integrate and fire neuron models, on-chip spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) learning, and high-fan-out multicast spike communication. Structured fine-grained weight sparsity reduces synapse memory by up to 16× with less than 2% overhead for storing connections. Approximate computing co-optimizes the dropping flow control and benefits from algorithmic noise to process spatiotemporal spike patterns with up to 9.4× lower energy. The SNN achieves a peak throughput of 25.2 GSOP/s at 0.9 V, peak energy efficiency of 3.8 pJ/SOP at 525 mV, and 2.3-μW/neuron operation at 450 mV. On-chip unsupervised STDP trains a spiking restricted Boltzmann machine to de-noise Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) digits and to reconstruct natural scene images with RMSE of 0.036. Nearthreshold operation, in conjunction with temporal and spatial sparsity, reduces energy by 17.4× to 1.0-μJ/classification in a 236 × 20 feed-forward network that is trained to classify MNIST digits using supervised STDP. A binary-activation multilayer perceptron with 50% sparse weights is trained offline with error backpropagation to classify MNIST digits with 97.9% accuracy at 1.7-μJ/classification.
Stochastic Reassembly Strategy for Managing Information Complexity in Heterogeneous Materials Analysis and Design (2013)

Design of high performance materials system requires highly efficient methods for assessing microstructure–property relations of heterogeneous materials. Toward this end, a domain decomposition, affordable analysis, and subsequent stochastic reassembly approach is proposed in this paper. The approach hierarchically decomposes the statistically representative cell (representative volume element (RVE)) into computationally tractable unrepresentative ones (statistical volume element (SVE)) at the cost of introducing uncertainty into subdomain property predictions. Random property predictions at the subscale are modeled with a random field that is subsequently reassembled into a coarse representation of the RVE. The infinite dimension of microstructure is reduced by clustering SVEs into bins defined by common microstructure attributes, with each bin containing a different apparent property random field. We additionally mitigate the computational burden in this strategy by presenting an algorithm that minimizes the number of SVEs required for convergent random field characterization. In the proposed method, the RVE thus becomes a coarse representation, or mosaic, of itself. The mosaic approach maintains sufficient microstructure detail to accurately predict the macroproperty but becomes far cheaper from a computational standpoint. A nice feature of the approach is that the stochastic reassembly process naturally creates an apparent-SVE property database whose elements may be used as mosaic building blocks. This feature enables material design because SVE-apparent properties become the building blocks of new, albeit conceptual, material mosaics. Some simple examples of possible designs are shown. The approach is demonstrated on polymer nanocomposites.
Oxygen barrier, free volume, and blending properties of polyamide 12/poly (vinyl alcohol) blends (2018)

Oxygen permeation rates, average volumes of free‐volume‐cavities (V f ), and fractional free volumes (F v ) of polyamide 12 (PA12)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) (ie, PA12 x PVA 05 y, PA12 x PVA 08 y , and PA12 x PVA 14 y ) blend films with varying PVA degrees of polymerization reduced to a minimum value when their PVA contents reached a corresponding optimal value, respectively. The minimum oxygen permeation rates, V f , and F v values obtained for the optimal PA12 x PVA z y blown films were reduced considerably with decreasing PVA degrees of polymerization. Experimental findings from dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, wide angle X‐ray diffraction, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of the PA12 x PVA z y blend series suggest that PA12 and PVA in PA12 x PVA z y are miscible to some extent at the molecular level when their PVA contents are near and less than the corresponding critical values. The considerably enhanced oxygen barrier properties of the PA12 x PVA z y blend films with optimized compositions are attributed to the significantly reduced local free volume characteristics.
The Histone Demethylase KDM5b/JARID1b Plays a Role in Cell Fate Decisions by Blocking Terminal Differentiation (2008)

The histone demethylase lysine demethylase 5b (KDM5b) specifically demethylates lysine 4 of histone H3 (meH3K4), thereby repressing gene transcription. KDM5b regulates cell cycle control genes in cancer and is expressed in the early epiblast. This suggests that KDM5b plays a developmental role by maintaining uncommitted progenitors. Here we show that transient overexpression of KDM5b in embryonic stem cells decreases the expression of at least three different modulators of cell fate decisions, Egr1, p27(KIP1), and BMI1, by demethylation of their promoters. Constitutively increased KDM5b expression results in an increased mitotic rate and a decreased global 3meH3K4 but no change in cell identity. Results of two separate differentiation assays, neural differentiation and embryoid body EB (EB) formation, showed that KDM5b reduced the terminally differentiated cells and increased proliferating progenitors. These were achieved by two mechanisms, blocking of the upregulation of cell lineage markers and maintenance of cyclins, that allowed cells to escape differentiation and remain uncommitted. Additionally, EBs maintain high levels of Oct4 and Nanog and can be dissociated to reestablish highly proliferative cultures. The persistence of uncommitted progenitors may be due to the direct regulation of the Tcf/Lef family member mTcf3/hTcf7L1, an upstream regulator of Nanog expression. These findings demonstrate a role for KDM5b in the choice between proliferation and differentiation during development.
Fixed points of generalized approximate message passing with arbitrary matrices (2013)

The estimation of a random vector with independent components passed through a linear transform followed by a componentwise (possibly nonlinear) output map arises in a range of applications. Approximate message passing (AMP) methods, based on Gaussian approximations of loopy belief propagation, have recently attracted considerable attention for such problems. For large random transforms, these methods exhibit fast convergence and admit precise analytic characterizations with testable conditions for optimality, even for certain non-convex problem instances. However, the behavior of AMP under general transforms is not fully understood. In this paper, we consider the generalized AMP (GAMP) algorithm and relate the method to more common optimization techniques. This analysis enables a precise characterization of the GAMP algorithm fixed-points that applies to arbitrary transforms. In particular, we show that the fixed points of the so-called max-sum GAMP algorithm for MAP estimation are critical points of a constrained maximization of the posterior density. The fixed-points of the sum-product GAMP algorithm for estimation of the posterior marginals can be interpreted as critical points of a certain mean-field variational optimization.
Monitoring genome‐wide changes in gene expression in response to endogenous cytokinin reveals targets in Arabidopsis thaliana (2003)

Cytokinins have been implicated in developmental and growth processes in plants including cell division, chloroplast biogenesis, shoot meristem initiation and senescence. The regulation of these processes requires changes in cytokinin-responsive gene expression. Here, we induced the expression of a bacterial isopentenyl transferase gene, IPT, in transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings to study the regulation of genome-wide gene expression in response to endogenous cytokinin. Using MPSS (massively parallel signature sequencing) we identified 823 and 917 genes that were up- and downregulated, respectively, following 24 h of IPT induction. When comparing the response to cytokinin after 6 and 24 h, we identified different clusters of genes showing a similar course of regulation. Our study provides researchers with the opportunity to rapidly assess whether genes of interest are regulated by cytokinins.
Carrier Dynamics in Quantum-Dot Multijunction Solar Cells Under Concentration (2014)

The key performance metrics of quantum-dot (QD)- lattice-matched multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) composed of InGaP/(In)GaAs/Ge with InAs/GaAs QDs are explored under high-concentration illumination with a focus on the carrier dynamics in the QD layers of the middle subcell. An effective medium approach is used to describe generation and recombination in the QD system, including carrier escape and capture from the weakly confining quantum well and the QD states. At a concentration of 1000 suns, simulations indicate that the specific QD MJSC studied outperforms a standard MJSC by 1.1% in relative efficiency operating at 25 °C. However, this gain in efficiency is highly dependent on the confinement potentials of the wetting layer, as well as the resulting current mismatch between the top and middle subcells when carrier escape rates from within the wetting layer confinements are reduced.
MCM-D for high speed digital applications-electrical modelling and performance evaluation (2002)

When a new interconnection technology is developed, it is of interest to accurately characterise its electrical features and evaluate its possible application areas and boundary limits. Accurate design models can then be extracted and used for a correct design and implementation of electronic systems. This paper describes a case study used to characterise a 5-layer thin-film Multi-Chip Module (MCM-D) technology developed for high speed digital applications. The high frequency characterisation of the substrate has been combined with the SPICE models of the I/O buffers of a CMOS technology to accurately analyse the signal propagation with a network simulation tool. A test chip and MCM module have been developed to evaluate how the maximum system frequency is influenced by different quantities such as line length, type of driver, or noise using a new validation methodology. Experimental results, showing a good match with simulations, demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach. It is also shown how it is possible to take advantage of some apparently limiting features of thin-film MCMs to actually improve the system performance.
Self-taught Learning for Classification of Mass Spectrometry Data: A Case Study of Colorectal Cancer. (2009)

Mass spectrometry is an important technique for chemical profiling and is a major tool in proteomics, a discipline interested in large-scale studies of proteins expressed by an organism. In this paper we propose using a sparse coding algorithm for classification of mass spectrometry serum protein profiles of colorectal cancer patients and healthy individuals following the so-called self-taught learning approach. Being applied to the dataset of 112 spectra of length 4731 bins, the sparse coding algorithm represents each of them by means of less then ten prototype spectra. The classification of spectra is done as in our previous study on the same dataset [ADM09], using Support Vector Machines evaluated by means of the double cross-validation. However, the classifiers take as input not discrete wavelet coefficients but the sparse coding coefficients. Comparing the classification results with reference results, we show that providing the same total recognition rate, the sparse coding-based procedure leads to higher generalization performance. Moreover, we propose using the sparse coding coefficients for clustering of mass spectra and demonstrate that this approach allows one to highlight differences between the cancer spectra.
Economics in 2090: The Views of an Experimentalist (1991)

Journal Article Economics in 2090: The Views of an Experimentalist Get access Charles R. Plott Charles R. Plott California Institute of Technology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Economic Journal, Volume 101, Issue 404, 1 January 1991, Pages 88–93, https://doi.org/10.2307/2233843 Published: 01 January 1991
Organic synthesis using enzymes in two-phase aqueous ternary polymer systems (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganic synthesis using enzymes in two-phase aqueous ternary polymer systemsAlfred Pollak and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 1, 289–291Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00417a075https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00417a075research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antibody-mediated modulation of cytokinins in tobacco: organ-specific changes in cytokinin homeostasis (2017)

Cytokinins comprise a group of phytohormones with an organ-specific mode of action. Although the mechanisms controlling the complex networks of cytokinin metabolism are partially known, the role of individual cytokinin types in the maintenance of cytokinin homeostasis remains unclear. Utilizing the overproduction of single-chain Fv antibodies selected for their ability to bind trans-zeatin riboside and targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum, we post-synthetically modulated cytokinin ribosides, the proposed transport forms of cytokinins. We observed asymmetric activity of cytokinin biosynthetic genes and cytokinin distribution in wild-type tobacco seedlings with higher cytokinin abundance in the root than in the shoot. Antibody-mediated modulation of cytokinin ribosides further enhanced the relative cytokinin abundance in the roots and induced cytokinin-related phenotypes in an organ-specific manner. The activity of cytokinin oxidase/dehydrogenase in the roots was strongly up-regulated in response to antibody-mediated formation of the cytokinin pool in the endoplasmic reticulum. However, we only detected a slight decrease in the root cytokinin levels. In contrast, a significant decrease of cytokinins occurred in the shoot. We suggest the roots as the main site of cytokinin biosynthesis in tobacco seedlings. Conversely, cytokinin levels in the shoot seem to depend largely on long-range transport of cytokinin ribosides from the root and their subsequent metabolic activation.
Surgical Treatment following Chemo-Targeted Therapy with Bevacizumab for Lung Metastasis from Colorectal Carcinoma: Analysis of Safety and Histological Therapeutic Effects in Patients Treated at a Single Institution (2018)

Pulmonary metastasectomy after chemo-targeted therapy for colorectal carcinoma patients obtained acceptable results. In addition, there was no correlation between imaging and histopathologic results following chemo-targeted therapy.