gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Finite baffle diffraction effects on second-order differential microphones (1993)

Second-order differential microphones provide an excellent means for obtaining a superdirectional response with frequency-independent directivity and small size. By subtracting the output of two closely spaced first-order differential dipole [cos(θ)] microphones, a linear quadrupole is obtained whose directivity pattern is cos2(θ). This particular directivity pattern is realized only when the microphones are in an acoustic free-field. When differential systems are placed on or near a finite surface, the effects of diffraction and scattering can significantly modify the directional response relative to the free-field conditions. Since most differential microphones in teleconferencing and business environments are placed on a desktop surface, it is important to understand the effects of diffraction on these systems. A second-order differential microphone was constructed that has been tested for directivity fluctuation in the presence of a large reflecting surface. These experimental results match predicted theoretical patterns for diffraction on a hard disk. Further experimentation with varying surface treatment and different reflector geometries have given valuable insight into the effects of diffraction and scattering on differential microphones placed on a finite reflecting surface.
Status of NHTSA's Rear-End Crash Prevention Research Program (2005)

This paper provides an update on two cooperative research projects being conducted under the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA's) Rear-End Crash Prevention Program. The first project is the General Motors-Ford Crash Avoidance Metrics Partnership (CAMP) Forward Collision Warning (FCW) work. Since 1995, this project has been aimed at defining and developing pre-competitive enabling elements to facilitate FCW system deployment. The second project is the General Motors-led Automotive Collision Avoidance System Field Operational Test (ACAS FOT), which aims to accelerate the deployment of active safety systems by integrating and field-testing vehicles outfitted with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) and Forward Collision Warning (FCW) systems. Results from the first CAMP FCW project played an important role in the development of the SAE J2400 Recommended Practice, “Human Factors in Forward Collision Warning Systems: Operating Characteristics and User Interface Requirements”. This paper discusses findings from the second CAMP FCW project, which was focused on evaluating and developing the FCW timing approach and examining drivers’ decision-making and avoidance maneuver behavior in rear-end crash scenarios. The closed-course, test track methodology employed allows safely placing naive drivers in realistic rear-end crash scenarios so that driver behavior can be observed. The human factors experimentation and key results from this project will be discussed in this paper. During the ACAS FOT project, a small fleet of vehicles was built and given to lay drivers for their personal use. Each driver had a vehicle for approximately four weeks, three of which had both the ACC and FCW features enabled. The collected data provided objective information about how the subjects used the system and its impact on their driving behavior. It also includes extensive subjective information collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus groups. The system design, design and execution of the FOT, and highlights of results are discussed in this paper.
Rotator-based multiplexer network synthesis for field-data extractors (2016)

As seen in stream data processing, it is necessary to extract a particular data field from bulk data, where we can use a field-data extractor. Particularly, an (M,N)-field-data extractor reads out any consecutive N bytes from an M-byte register by connecting its input/output using multiplexers (MUXs). However, the number of required MUXs increases too much as the input/output byte lengths increase. It is known that partitioning an MUX network leads to reducing the number of MUXs. In this paper, we firstly pick up a multi-layered MUX network, which is generated by repeatedly partitioning a MUX network into a collection of single-layered MUX networks. We show that the multi-layered MUX network is equivalent to the barrel shifter from which redundant MUXs and wires are removed, and we prove that the number of its required MUXs becomes the smallest among MUX-network-partitioning based field-data extractors. Next, we propose a rotator-based MUX network for a field-data extractor, which reads out a particular data in an input register to a rotator. The size of the rotator is the same as its output register and hence we no longer require any extra wires nor MUXs. By rotating the input data appropriately, we can finally have a right-ordered data into an output register. Experimental results show that our rotator-based MUX network reduces the required number of gates to implement a field-data extractor by up to 33% compared with the one using a multi-layered MUX network.
On the Information in Spike Timing: Neural Codes Derived from Polychronous Groups (2018)

There is growing evidence regarding the importance of spike timing in neural information processing, with even a small number of spikes carrying information, but computational models lag significantly behind those for rate coding. Experimental evidence on neuronal behavior is consistent with the dynamical and state dependent behavior provided by recurrent connections. This motivates the minimalistic abstraction investigated in this paper, aimed at providing insight into information encoding in spike timing via recurrent connections. We employ information-theoretic techniques for a simple reservoir model which encodes input spatiotemporal patterns into a sparse neural code, translating the polychronous groups introduced by Izhike-vich into codewords on which we can perform standard vector operations. We show that the distance properties of the code are similar to those for (optimal) random codes. In particular, the code meets benchmarks associated with both linear classification and capacity, with the latter scaling exponentially with reservoir size.
Frequency invariant beamformer robust against array element mismatch (2013)

This paper extends the design of frequency invariant beamformer by incorporating robustness in the design formulation to cater for array element mismatches and other non-ideal characteristics. In this approach, a 2-norm constraint on the filter weight is imposed into the design optimization problem. The constraints limit the norm of the beamformer coefficients and thus reduce the sensitivity of the beamformer towards the non-ideal characteristics of the microphones. Design examples and comparisons are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of our approach.
HIGH‐RISK MANTLE CELL LYMPHOMA IN THE LYMA TRIAL: A LYSA STUDY (2021)

Background: Around 5-10% of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) patients are primary refractory to chemotherapy. They have an extremely dismal prognosis, similar to responsive patients that relapsed within 12 months. Despite better understanding of risk factors and evolving classifications, these scores could not predict all high-risk patients and were not designed to guide treatment strategy in newly diagnosed MCL. Aim: We conducted an ancillary study in a prospective phase III trial randomizing observation versus Rituximab maintenance after R-DHAP followed by ASCT (LyMa Trial; Le Gouill et al, NEJM 2017). Herein, we report our study of high-risk MCL patients. Methods: High-risk MCL patients were defined as being primary chemo-refractory or having relapsed within 12 months following randomization (Visco BJH 2018). Results: Among the 299 MCL patients included in the LyMa trial, 31 high-risk MCL patients were identified (10.4%). Their characteristics at baseline were similar to control patients (n = 268), regarding age, performance status, Ann Arbor staging, presence of B symptoms. High-risk patients had more often elevated LDH (65% vs. 38%, p = 0.006), high-risk MIPI score (45% vs. 16%, p < 0.001), Ki-67 > 30% (71% vs. 31%, p < 0.001) and blastoid/pleomorphic histology (32% vs. 9%, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, high-risk MIPI score and Ki-67 > 30% were associated with high-risk MCL. There was no significant difference in terms of TP53 expression between high-risk and control MCL. Many high-risk MCL patients have been classified as low-risk at diagnosis, with 36% of them having a low-risk MIPI score and 29% having a Ki-67 ≤ 30%. High-risk patients had more often positive MRD pre-ASCT in blood (47.1% vs. 20.6%, p = 0.029) and had more positive PET pre-ASCT (48% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.032). Median OS was 17 months in high-risk MCL patients, compared to 68 months in late progressors (95% CI, 12 to 26 months vs. 47 to not reached respectively, p < 0.001). At relapse, 11/31 (36%) had a CNS involvement. Salvage therapies consisted of chemotherapy in 26 patients (CHOP, MTX-AraC, bendamustine, VR-CAP), rituximab in 26, temsirolimus in five, lenalidomide and combination of ibrutinib and lenalidomide in two other patients, as second line therapy. Ibrutinib was also used in two other patients as third line. Overall response rate was 37%, with 27% of complete response. Seven patients received allogeneic stem cell transplantation, of whom four died, from toxicity in two and from lymphoma in two. Median PFS and OS were 19.2 months and not reached for responding patients compared to 3.2 and 8.2 months for stable/progressive disease respectively. Conclusion: Known risk factors do not perfectly identify high-risk MCL patients at baseline. High-risk patients with early disease progression had an extremely dismal prognosis and should receive innovative strategies combined with systematic CNS prophylaxis as salvage therapy. EA – previously submitted to EHA 2021. Keywords: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers, Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma No conflicts of interest pertinent to the abstract.
Abnormal operando structural behavior of sodium battery material: Influence of dynamic on phase diagram of NaxFePO4 (2013)

This study conveys striking findings regarding the operando structural behavior of the Na/FePO4 system during a charge and discharge cycle. From Rietveld refinements of synchrotron operando X-ray diffraction data, it appears that the active material presents large, non-stoichiometric domains while undergoing structural phase transformation. The corresponding extended limits of solubility are characterized by continuous variations in the metrics that mirror the entry of Na occupancy values into thermodynamically forbidden regions. A major consequence of this smoothed phase transformation is a significant decrease in the lattice volume mismatch, which could well compensate for the less efficient Na-based systems with respect to SEI and adverse effect of cation size in comparison to Li batteries. Comparison of the lattice volume mismatch on charge and discharge revealed an explanation for the asymmetry of the electrochemical curve.
Calcium Regulates the Activity and Structural Stability of Tpr, a Bacterial Calpain-like Peptidase (2015)

Porphyromonas gingivalis is a peptide-fermenting asaccharolytic periodontal pathogen. Its genome contains several genes encoding cysteine peptidases other than gingipains. One of these genes (PG1055) encodes a protein called Tpr (thiol protease) that has sequence similarity to cysteine peptidases of the papain and calpain families. In this study we biochemically characterize Tpr. We found that the 55-kDa Tpr inactive zymogen proteolytically processes itself into active forms of 48, 37, and 33 kDa via sequential truncations at the N terminus. These processed molecular forms of Tpr are associated with the bacterial outer membrane where they are likely responsible for the generation of metabolic peptides required for survival of the pathogen. Both autoprocessing and activity were dependent on calcium concentrations >1 mm, consistent with the protein's activity within the intestinal and inflammatory milieus. Calcium also stabilized the Tpr structure and rendered the protein fully resistant to proteolytic degradation by gingipains. Together, our findings suggest that Tpr is an example of a bacterial calpain, a calcium-responsive peptidase that may generate substrates required for the peptide-fermenting metabolism of P. gingivalis. Aside from nutrient generation, Tpr may also be involved in evasion of host immune response through degradation of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and complement proteins C3, C4, and C5. Taken together, these results indicate that Tpr likely represents an important pathogenesis factor for P. gingivalis.
Functional block extraction for hardware security detection using time-integrated and time-resolved emission measurements (2014)

This paper presents a novel and powerful methodology for extracting functional blocks in hardware security and Trojan detection applications. The method is based on our proposed tester-based optical methodology that combines different test patterns, time-integrated and time-resolved emission measurements to identify and localize logic state changes and functional block activity inside a chip in a non invasive fashion. Detailed examples using a mixed-signal chip are presented and discussed to explain our proposed method.
The Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide over AuPd Nanoparticles: An Investigation into Metal Loading (2021)

Abstract The direct synthesis of H 2 O 2 from molecular H 2 and O 2 over AuPd catalysts, supported on TiO 2 and prepared via an excess chloride co-impregnation procedure is investigated. The role of Au:Pd ratio on the catalytic activity towards H 2 O 2 formation and its subsequent degradation is evaluated under conditions that have previously been found to be optimal for the formation of H 2 O 2 . The combination of relatively small nanoparticles, of mixed Pd-oxidation state is shown to correlate with enhanced catalytic performance. Subsequently, a detailed study of catalytic activity towards H 2 O 2 synthesis as a function of AuPd loading was conducted, with a direct correlation between catalytic activity and metal loading observed. Graphic Abstract
Computationally efficient high-resolution DOA estimation in multipath environment (2004)

A computationally efficient direction of arrival (DOA) estimation algorithm using a linear array of equispaced sensors is proposed for a multipath environment with unknown correlated signals. The algorithm comprises two stages: a first stage for discriminating uncorrelated signals, and a second stage for resolving the directions of arrival of the correlated signals using covariance differencing and iterative spatial smoothing. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm operates at a much lower computational cost compared to standard methods.
A Concept Paper on Networks of Excellence for Research and Education (2015)

Research and education ecosystems, foundational components of knowledge-based economies, are relatively underdeveloped in Latin America. The entire ecosystem of a research university — including resources, corporate partnerships, and research — must capitalize on a symbiosis between the research, education and commercialization missions. A university cannot transform unilaterally nor can universities sustain the required transformation without government and industry participation. Initiatives to accelerate the development of research university ecosystems are critical for the realization of knowledge-based economies and resilient civil societies. To accelerate the development of research and education ecosystems across the Americas, the authors propose to establish “Networks of Excellence” in key focus areas. Each Network of Excellence will be multi-institutional, multi-sector (university, corporate, government, NGO) and multi-national. These multi-faceted networks will allow participants to define and share programs, policies, and content, significantly leverage the resources provided for related programs, and identify opportunities to leapfrog existing programs. Proposed themes for networks include regional grand challenges and cross-cutting capabilities.
The Molecular Basis for the Natural Resistance of the Cytochrome bc1 Complex from Strobilurin‐Producing Basidiomycetes to Center QP Inhibitors (1996)

Mitochondria from the strobilurin A producing basidiomycetes Strobilurus tenacellus and Mycena galopoda exhibit natural resistance to (E)-beta-methoxyacrylate inhibitors of the ubiquinol oxidation center(center Qp) of the cytochrome bc1 complex. Isolated cytochrome bc1 complex from S. tenacellus was found to be highly similar to that of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with respect to subunit composition, as well as spectral characteristics and midpoint potentials of the heme centers. To understand the molecular basis of natural resistance, we determined the exon/intron organization and deduced the sequences of cytochromes b from S. tenacellus, M. galopoda and a third basidiomycete, Mycena viridimarginata, which produces no strobilurin A. Comparative sequence analysis of two regions of cytochrome b known to contribute to the formation of center Qp suggested that the generally lower sensitivity of all three basidiomycetes was due to the replacement of a small amino acid residue in position 127 by isoleucine. For M. galopoda replacement of Gly143 by alanine and Gly153 by serine, for S. tenacellus replacement of a small residue in position 254 by glutamine and Asn261 by aspartate was found to be the likely causes for resistance to (E)-beta-methoxyacrylates. The latter exchange is also found in Schizosaccharomyces pombe, which we found also to be naturally resistant to (E)-beta-methoxyacrylates.
Electrodeposition of Cobalt‐Copper Oxides Decorated with Conductive Polymer for Supercapacitor Electrodes with High Stability (2022)

Abstract Here, we report about the synthesis of Cobalt‐Copper (CC) mixed oxides prepared by electrodeposition and thermal annealing, and coated with PEDOT:PSS (CCP) for supercapacitor electrodes. The electrodes’ morphology and electrochemical performance were investigated by combining XRD, XPS, SEM, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. The initial capacity of the CC electrode was 26 mAh/g at a scan rate of 5 mV/s with a coulombic efficiency of 92 %. The CC electrode featured a capacity retention of 81 % at a constant current density of 1 A/g after 5000 cycles. CCP electrodes slightly reduced the specific capacity but increased both coulombic efficiency and cyclic stability. CCP1 electrode featured a specific capacity of 21 mAh/g at 5 mV/s scan rate with better coulombic efficiency 95 % along with capacity retention of 92.3 % over 5000 cycles. Increasing the amount of PEDOT:PSS lowered the CC electrodes’ specific capacity, but significantly improved the capacity retention up to 100 %.
Electron-stimulated fragmentation mechanism for fullerene films onSi(111)−(7×7)surfaces: Dependence on thickness and electron flux (2003)

We studied the fragmentation of ultrathin [1--6 ML (monolayer)] ${\mathrm{C}}_{60}$ films on $\mathrm{Si}(111)\ensuremath{-}(7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}7)$ surfaces under intense pulse electron irradiation using a scanning tunneling microscope for field-emission electron irradiation below (20 eV) and above (45 eV) the fragmentation threshold energy. We assessed the fragmentation yield for various film thicknesses and electron fluxes. Fragmentation resulting in coalesced spheroid structures becomes less efficient in thinner films owing to faster energy transfer into the substrate. Our observation of flux dependence revealed that two-electron excitation causes fragmentation at sub-threshold energy when the excitation rate exceeds the excited-state decay rate $(\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{9}{\mathrm{s}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ for 4-ML thickness).
Nucleus-specific X-ray stain for 3D virtual histology (2018)

Histological investigations are indispensable with regards to the identification of structural tissue details but are limited to two-dimensional images, which are often visualized in one and the same plane for comparison reasons. Nondestructive three-dimensional technologies such as X-ray micro- and nanoCT have proven to provide valuable benefits for the understanding of anatomical structures as they allow visualization of structural details in 3D and from arbitrary viewing angles. Nevertheless, low attenuation of soft tissue has hampered their application in the field of 3D virtual histology. We present a hematein-based X-ray staining method that specifically targets the cell nuclei of cells, as demonstrated for a whole liver lobule of a mouse. Combining the novel staining protocol with the high resolving power of a recently developed nanoCT system enables the 3D visualization of tissue architecture in the nanometer range, thereby revealing the real 3D morphology and spatial distribution of the cell nuclei. Furthermore, our technique is compatible with conventional histology, as microscopic slides can be derived from the very same stained soft-tissue sample and further counter staining is possible. Thus, our methodology demonstrates future applicability for modern histopathology using laboratory X-ray CT devices.
Strategy for improved characterization of human metabolic phenotypes using a COmbined Multi-block Principal components Analysis with Statistical Spectroscopy (COMPASS) (2020)

Abstract Motivation Large-scale population omics data can provide insight into associations between gene–environment interactions and disease. However, existing dimension reduction modelling techniques are often inefficient for extracting detailed information from these complex datasets. Results Here, we present an interactive software pipeline for exploratory analyses of population-based nuclear magnetic resonance spectral data using a COmbined Multi-block Principal components Analysis with Statistical Spectroscopy (COMPASS) within the R-library hastaLaVista framework. Principal component analysis models are generated for a sequential series of spectral regions (blocks) to provide more granular detail defining sub-populations within the dataset. Molecular identification of key differentiating signals is subsequently achieved by implementing Statistical TOtal Correlation SpectroscopY on the full spectral data to define feature patterns. Finally, the distributions of cross-correlation of the reference patterns across the spectral dataset are used to provide population statistics for identifying underlying features arising from drug intake, latent diseases and diet. The COMPASS method thus provides an efficient semi-automated approach for screening population datasets. Availability and implementation Source code is available at https://github.com/cheminfo/COMPASS. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.