gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Radar target recognition system using 3D mathematical model</title> (1998)

A target recognition system is described using 3-D mathematical models which simulate radar images. The simulated radar images are created from radar cross section (RCS) responses of the 3-D models and compared with measured target radar images. The 3-D models consist of several thousands facets, and one facet size is less than the radar resolution. An RCS response of each facet in the models is calculated by the modified geometrical theory of diffraction (GTD) method using the information of the radar frequency and the target aspect angle. The RCS response of each facet is projected onto the 2-D plane based on target aspect angle to create the final simulation radar images. The system is verified to be able to simulate even a ship radar imagery, in spite of the difficulty in the simulation due to its structural complexity. Evaluations were made for this recognition system by comparing the simulated ship images created from the 3-D models with the real ship images obtained by an airborne MITSUBISHI-SAR which has the capability of obtaining the X-band 1m resolution SAR and ISAR images, and the system has been proved to have the classification accuracy of better than 90%.
From community to social cohesion: interrogating a policy paradigm (2011)

Abstract This chapter first traces the historical and ideological backdrop to the emergence of cohesion policies. It then describes the concept of ‘community cohesion’ and the development of the associated policies and practices. The narrative then shifts to the relationship between the latter phenomena and the rapidly evolving equalities agenda. It is noted that the focus on ‘community cohesion’ is misplaced, and that policies should be driven by the much more fundamental notion of ‘social cohesion’. The earlier assessment of the social-capital approach casts considerable doubt on its efficacy. The vision of a future where ‘similar life opportunities’ are the norm is part of a much more extensive policy agenda. It appears that in social-policy circles, those at the helm find it difficult to resist the temptation to recycle earlier approaches.
Synthesis of Expanded Titanosilicate MWW-Related Materials from a Pure Silica Precursor (2012)

Titanosilicate forms of expanded MWW-related material are synthesized starting from a pure silica precursor, ITQ-1. This procedure improves the current synthetic route of the expanded titanosilicate MWW material (Ti-YNU-1), which requires the use of a borosilicate MWW as precursor and, consequently, several postsynthetic acid treatments for removing boron atoms from the framework. The expanded Ti-MWW-related materials presented here show better activity than regular Ti-MWW in the selective epoxidation reaction of cyclohexene using H2O2 as oxidant.
Method and apparatus for inspecting an EUV mask blank (2023)

An apparatus and method for at-wavelength EUV mask-blank characterization for inspection of moderate and low spatial frequency coating uniformity using a synchrotron or other source of EUV light. The apparatus provides for rapid, non-destruction, non-contact, at-wavelength qualification of large mask areas, and can be self-calibrating or be calibrated to well-characterized reference samples. It can further check for spatial variation of mask reflectivity or for global differences among masks. The apparatus and method is particularly suited for inspection of coating uniformity and quality and can detect defects in the order of 50 .mu.m and above.
Supplementary Table S3 from Hemolytic <i>E. coli</i> Promotes Colonic Tumorigenesis in Females (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cancer-associated gene fold regulation by E. coli strains in the NCM460 cell line, identified using the Human Cancer PathwayFinder (TM) RT2 Profiler (TM) PCR Array&lt;/p&gt;
Production of Multiple Bacteriocins from a Single Locus by Gastrointestinal Strains of Lactobacillus salivarius (2011)

Bacteriocins produced by Lactobacillus salivarius isolates derived from a gastrointestinal origin have previously demonstrated efficacy for in vivo protection against Listeria monocytogenes infection. In this study, comparative genomic analysis was employed to investigate the intraspecies diversity of seven L. salivarius isolates of human and porcine intestinal origin, based on the genome of the well-characterized bacteriocin-producing strain L. salivarius UCC118. This revealed a highly conserved megaplasmid-borne gene cluster in these strains involved in the regulation and secretion of two-component class IIb bacteriocins. However, considerable intraspecific variation was observed in the structural genes encoding the bacteriocin peptides. They ranged from close relatives of abp118, such as salivaricin P, which differs by 2 amino acids, to completely novel bacteriocins, such as salivaricin T, which is characterized in this study. Salivaricin T inhibits closely related lactobacilli and bears little homology to previously characterized salivaricins. Interestingly, the two peptides responsible for salivaricin T activity, SalTα and SalTβ, share considerable identity with the component peptides of thermophilin 13, a bacteriocin produced by Streptococcus thermophilus. Furthermore, the salivaricin locus of strain DPC6488 also encodes an additional novel one-component class IId anti-listerial bacteriocin, salivaricin L. These findings suggest a high level of redundancy in the bacteriocins that can be produced by intestinal L. salivarius isolates using the same enzymatic production and export machinery. Such diversity may contribute to their ability to dominate and compete within the complex microbiota of the mammalian gut.
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase Inhibitors (AHAS/ALS) (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Biochemistry of the Target and Resistance Newer Sulfonylureas Imidazolinone Herbicides Triazolopyrimidines Pyrimidinylcarboxylates and Sulfonanilides Sulfonylaminocarbonyl-Triazolinones References
Automating Distributed Partial Aggregation (2014)

Partial aggregation is of great importance in many distributed data-parallel systems. Most notably, it is commonly applied by MapReduce programs to optimize I/O by successively aggregating partially reduced results into a final result, as opposed to aggregating all input records at once. In spite of its importance, programmers currently enable partial aggregation by tediously encoding their reduce functionality into separate reduce and combine functions. This is error prone and often leads to missed optimization opportunities.
Rational Positioning of Metal Ions to Stabilize Open Tin Sites in Beta Zeolite for Catalytic Conversion of Sugars (2022)

Via hydrothermal synthesis of Sn-Al gels, mild dealumination and ion exchange, a bimetallic Sn-Ni-Beta catalyst was prepared which can convert glucose to methyl lactate (MLA) and methyl vinyl glycolate (MVG) in methanol at yields of 71.2 % and 10.2 %, respectively. Results from solid-state magic-angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, spectroscopic analysis, probe-temperature-programmed desorption, and density functional theory calculations conclusively reveal that the openness of the Sn sites, such as by the formation of [(SiO)<sub>3</sub> -Sn-OH] entities, is governed by an adjacent metal cation such as Ni<sup>2+</sup> , Co<sup>2+</sup> , and Mn<sup>2+</sup> . This relies on the low structure-defective pore channel, provided by the current synthesis scheme, and the specific silica hydroxyl anchor point is associated with the incorporation of Sn for additional and precise metal ion localization. The presence of metal cations significantly improved the catalytic performance of Sn-Ni-Beta for glucose isomerization and conversion to MLA of sugar compared with Sn-Beta.
Photophysical Parameters, Photosensitizer Retention and Tissue Optical Properties Completely Account for the Higher Photodynamic Efficacy of meso‐Tetra‐Hydroxyphenyl‐Chlorin vs Photofrin¶ (2005)

ABSTRACT Meso‐tetra‐hydroxyphenyl‐chlorin (mTHPC) is one of the most potent photosensitizers currently available for clinical photodynamic therapy (PDT). However the reason or reasons for its high photodynamic efficacy remain(s) unresolved. To investigate the PDT efficacy of mTHPC vs Photofrin we use the knowledge of photophysical parameters extracted from the analysis of oxygen electrode measurements in spheroids to compute and compare their respective singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 dose depositions. The electrode measurements indirectly report the bleaching kinetics of mTHPC and indicate that its photobleaching mechanism is consistent with 1 O 2 ‐mediated reactions. mTHPC's photodegradation via 1 O 2 reactions is confirmed by a more direct evaluation of the spatially resolved fluorescence in confocal sections of intact spheroids during irradiation. The PDT efficacy comparisons establish that mTHPC's enhanced potency may be accounted for completely on the basis of its ability to sequester tightly in cells and its photophysical properties, in particular its higher extinction coefficient at a redshifted wavelength. We extend the efficacy comparison to include the influence of hemoglobin absorption of PDT treatment light and show that incorporating the influence of wavelength‐dependent light attenuation in tissue further contributes to significantly higher efficacy for mTHPC‐ vs Photofrin‐PDT.
Reaction of Co and capping layers and its effect on CoSi2 formation in Si/SiOx/Co system (2000)

The role of the reaction between the capping layer and Co on the crystalline nature of CoSi2 films in refractory metal-capped Si/SiOx/Co system has been investigated. The epitaxial CoSi2 film was obtained in the capping layers (Ti, Zr) with high tendency of mixing between Co and the capping layer. Amorphous Ti–Co layer was produced at 450 °C, and its thickness was increased at 550 °C. The formation of amorphous Ti–Co layer during low-temperature annealing may be responsible for the formation of epitaxial CoSi2. Meanwhile, the polycrystalline CoSi2 was formed in the capping layer (Cr, Mo) with low tendency of mixing. These results can be explained by the fact that the mixing layer formed from the reaction between Co and refractory metal control the Co diffusion to the Si substrate as well as the thin SiOx between Co and Si.
Stochastic Competition between Mechanistically Independent Slippage and Death Pathways Determines Cell Fate during Mitotic Arrest (2010)

Variability in cell-to-cell behavior within clonal populations can be attributed to the inherent stochasticity of biochemical reactions. Most single-cell studies have examined variation in behavior due to randomness in gene transcription. Here we investigate the mechanism of cell fate choice and the origin of cell-to-cell variation during mitotic arrest, when transcription is silenced. Prolonged mitotic arrest is commonly observed in cells treated with anti-mitotic drugs. Cell fate during mitotic arrest is determined by two alternative pathways, one promoting cell death, the other promoting cyclin B1 degradation, which leads to mitotic slippage and survival. It has been unclear whether these pathways are mechanistically coupled or independent. In this study we experimentally uncoupled these two pathways using zVAD-fmk to block cell death or Cdc20 knockdown to block slippage. We then used time-lapse imaging to score the kinetics of single cells adopting the remaining fate. We also used kinetic simulation to test whether the behaviors of death versus slippage in cell populations where both pathways are active can be quantitatively recapitulated by a model that assumes stochastic competition between the pathways. Our data are well fit by a model where the two pathways are mechanistically independent, and cell fate is determined by a stochastic kinetic competition between them that results in cell-to-cell variation.
ChemInform Abstract: A Tetra‐Substituted Chrysene: Orientation of Multiple Electrophilic Substitution and Use of a Tetra‐Substituted Chrysene as a Blue Emitter for OLEDs. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Direct Observation of Exciton-Induced Molecular Aggregation in Organic Small-Molecule Electroluminescent Materials (2019)

Recent studies have suggested that exciton stress can lead to molecular aggregation in organic luminescent materials and that the phenomenon plays a leading role in the deterioration in organic light-emitting device efficiency with time. The occurrence of this aggregation, however, has until now been only inferred from indirect experimental observations. In this work, using 2-tert-butyl-9,10-di(2-naphthyl)anthracene (TBADN) and 4,4′-bis(N-carbazolyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (CBP) as representative materials, we present direct evidence of this phenomenon. Tests show that UV irradiation causes changes in the surface roughness of TBADN films, giving direct evidence of exciton-induced morphological changes. Associated changes in photoluminescence spectral characteristics point to molecular aggregation and thus corroborate these observations. Results also show that irradiated TBADN and CBP films are more susceptible to crystallization by thermal annealing, pointing to the formation of aggregates during UV irradiation that can act as nucleation sites for crystal growth. The results provide the first direct evidence of exciton-induced morphological changes and aggregation in organic small-molecule electroluminescent materials.
Cross talk in a fiber-loop optical buffer (1994)

Optical devices operating as a buffer or as memory are needed in future optical communication systems, for instance, in ATM or packet-switching systems. A promising device is the fiber loop buffer.1–4 It is expected that the storage time (or number of circulations of data packets in the fiber loop) is affected mainly by accumulated and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and by cross talk. In this contribution we report on what is. to our knowledge, the first experimental study of the effect of cross talk in a fiber-loop buffer and on bit-error-rate (BER) measurements, demonstrating a BER &lt; 10−9 for as many as N = 23 circulations in the loop.
Compatibility of chemically amplified photoresists with bottom antireflective coatings (1998)

The effects of acid structures and blocking groups in chemically amplified resists on compatibility with bottom anti-reflective coatings (BARCs), were investigated. The resists consisted of tert-butoxy carbonyl (t-BOC) or acetal blocked polyhydroxystyrene with three types of photoacid generators (PAGs) which generate trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (acid 1), 2,4-dimethyl benzensulfonic acid (acid 2) and cyclohexanesulfonic acid (acid 3). Three types of commercially available BARCs, Brewer Science CD9, DUV11 and DUV18 were used for this study. CD9 was decomposed by exposure and generated an acid substance, which induced the necking at the bottom of the resist films. In the case of DUV11, the generated acid from the PAG was neutralized, and footing was observed in t-BOC type resists. Acetal type resists had no footing on DUV11 because the deblocking reaction progressed without post-exposure baking. DUV18 had good compatibility with most of the resist materials because of its neutral acidity. From the viewpoint of resist materials, it was found that the acetal type resists tended to have necking, because the deblocking reaction occurred at lower acid concentration compared with t-BOC type resists. Moreover, the tendency to have a necking profile, in increasing order, was acid 3 &gt; acid 2 &gt; acid 1. This order corresponded with the reverse order of the efficiency of the deblocking reaction. A weak acid might be greatly affected by some substance diffused from a BARC. The acetal type resist with acid 1 had excellent compatibility with various BARCs. However, the resolution capability of the acetal type resist with acid 1 was lower than that of the acetal type resist with acid 3, because the acid diffusion length of acid 1 was larger than that of acid 3. It was concluded that good compatibility of the resist with the BARC is achieved by the high deblocking reaction efficiency and moderate diffusion length of acid in acetal type resists.
Development of a simple and versatile enzymatic DNA synthesis system that enables accurate, fast, and long oligos on demand (2020)

Our novel, enzymatic DNA synthesis (EDS) technology was made through engineering of three critical components: a DNA polymerase, a solid support, and reversible terminators. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl-Transferase (TdT), which performs poly-nucleotide additions in a template-free manner, was engineered for improved expression, stability, and the ability to incorporate non-natural deoxynucleotide triphosphate bases. Novel surface chemistries have been developed to allow TdT to incorporate DNA bases on paramagnetic beads, resins, and glass as solid supports for EDS. Synthesis is enabled by the use of 3â€(2)-O-blocked reversible terminators, which suppresses poly-nucleotide addition by TdT until the 3'OH group on the extended polymer is deprotected. Here, we describe the development and key functionality of a benchtop EDS system for lab use. Unlike phosphoramidite synthesis, EDS produces DNA in the 'biological' orientation (i.e. 5'->3'), with an intact 5'-phosphate group. EDS provides a scalable synthesis system that eliminates the need for solvents, like acetonitrile, minimizing organic waste and decreasing research's carbon footprint, allowing users to make oligos without the need for specialized training and delivering oligos for iterative experiments without having to wait for a centralized oligo manufacturer. Current data indicates that purity levels comparable to those of existing technologies can be achieved, with an average per-position error rate <1%. For oligos up to 280nt long, we have demonstrated a cycle efficiency of 99.4%, which is greater than or equivalent to that of standard phosphoramidite synthesis. Using PCR, qPCR, dPCR, and sequencing assays we have demonstrated comparable performance to the same sequences synthesized using conventional chemistry. EDS is a disruptive technology that enables simple, robust systems capable of supporting same-day production of high quality, custom oligos. On-demand access to oligos revolutionize genomics research.
FIRE TESTING AT REDUCED SCALE: HOW TO BE FAST AND RELIABLE (2016)

International audience
Recombinant collagen scaffolds as substrates for human neural stem/progenitor cells (2018)

Abstract Adhesion to the microenvironment profoundly affects stem cell functions, including proliferation and differentiation, and understanding the interaction of stem cells with the microenvironment is important for controlling their behavior. In this study, we investigated the effects of the integrin binding epitopes GFOGER and IKVAV (natively present in collagen I and laminin, respectively) on human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNSPCs). To test the specificity of these epitopes, GFOGER or IKVAV were placed within the context of recombinant triple‐helical collagen III engineered to be devoid of native integrin binding sites. HNSPCs adhered to collagen that presented GFOGER as the sole integrin‐binding site, but not to IKVAV‐containing collagen. For the GFOGER‐containing collagens, antibodies against the β1 integrin subunit prevented cellular adhesion, antibodies against the α1 subunit reduced cell adhesion, and antibodies against α2 or α3 subunits had no significant effect. These results indicate that hNSPCs primarily interact with GFOGER through the α1β1 integrin heterodimer. These GFOGER‐presenting collagen variants also supported differentiation of hNSPCs into neurons and astrocytes. Our findings show, for the first time, that hNSPCs can bind to the GFOGER sequence, and they provide motivation to develop hydrogels formed from recombinant collagen variants as a cell delivery scaffold. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1363–1372, 2018.
Resequencing control for a queueing system with two heterogeneous servers (1993)

A heterogeneous M/M/2/L queueing system in which two servers may work at different rates is considered. A class of threshold type scheduling policies, called fixed position policies (FPPs), is introduced. If first-in first-out (FIFO) delivery is required, departures must wait at the receiving node to be put back into proper sequence. Therefore, they incur resequencing delay in addition to whatever previous delays they experienced. A new approach, based on an imbedded Markov chain model for obtaining the resequencing delay characteristics of FPPs is developed. Closed-form expressions for the distribution and the mean of the resequencing delay are derived. For a given threshold value, the choice of the preferred FPP depends on which optimization criterion issued, such as the mean resequencing delay or the expected resequence buffer occupancy. It is shown that the selection rule for the preferred policy depends only on the ratio of the service rates. However, the optimal policy which minimizes the total delay also depends on the threshold. Application examples of these optimization procedures are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Applications of Nitrile Hydratases and Nitrilases (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction NHase Nitrilase Conclusions References
Mesenchymal Stem Cells as a Biological Drug for Heart Disease (2015)

Cell-based treatment represents a new generation in the evolution of biological therapeutics. A prototypic cell-based therapy, the mesenchymal stem cell, has successfully entered phase III pivotal trials for heart failure, signifying adequate enabling safety and efficacy data from phase I and II trials. Successful phase III trials can lead to approval of a new biological therapy for regenerative medicine.
A multiplex lectin-channel monitoring method for human serum glycoproteins by quantitative mass spectrometry (2011)

A mass profiling method and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-based quantitative approach were used to analyze multiple lectin-captured fractions of human serum using different lectins such as aleuria aurantia lectin (AAL), phytohemagglutinin-L(4) (L-PHA), concanavalin A (Con A), and Datura stramonium agglutinin (DSA) to quantitatively monitor protein glycosylation diversity. Each fraction, prepared by multiple lectin-fractionation and tryptic digestion, was analyzed by 1-D LC-MS/MS. Semi-quantitative profiling showed that the list of glycoproteins identified from each lectin-captured fraction is significantly different according to the used lectin. Thus, it was confirmed that the multiplex lectin-channel monitoring (LCM) using multiple lectins is useful for investigating protein glycosylation diversity in a proteome sample. Based on the semi-quantitative mass profiling, target proteins showing lectin-specificity among each lectin-captured fraction were selected and analyzed by the MRM-based method in triplicate using each lectin-captured fraction (average CV 7.9%). The MRM-based analysis for each lectin-captured fraction was similar to those obtained by the profiling experiments. The abundance of each target protein measured varied dramatically, based on the lectin-specificity. The multiplex LCM approach using MRM-based analyses is useful for quantitatively monitoring target protein glycoforms selectively fractionated by multiple lectins. Thus through multiplex LCM rather than single, we could inquire minutely into protein glycosylation states.