gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: DIARYLAMIDINE DERIVATIVES WITH ONE OR BOTH OF THE ARYL MOIETIES CONSISTING OF AN INDOLE OR INDOLE‐LIKE RING. INHIBITORS OF ARGININE‐SPECIFIC ESTEROPROTEASES (1978)

Abstract 62 verschiedene Diarylamidine, z.B. (V)‐(VII), werden auf anti roteol tische Wirkung untersucht.
Microcalcification enhancement in ultrasound images from a concave Automatic Breast Ultrasound Scanner (2012)

In this paper, we have proposed a tensor-based filtering method to enhance the SNR of hyperechoic spots in human breast ultrasound images while suppressing the speckle noise. The breast images were acquired by an Automatic Breast Ultrasound Scanner (ABUS), which offers high spatial resolution and the fast full breast exam capability. The enhanced images were then gone through a pattern recognition kernel to distinguish the small hyperechoic spots against large tissue boundaries. The isolated hyperechoic spots were finally merged back to the original image. We believe the proposed method can facilitate the detection and analyzing of microcalcifications (MC) in the noisy ultrasound images. This could offer a non-invasive alternative solution for the mammography in breast cancer diagnosis.
Ligase Detection Reaction Generation of Reverse Molecular Beacons for Near Real-Time Analysis of Bacterial Pathogens Using Single-Pair Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer and a Cyclic Olefin Copolymer Microfluidic Chip (2010)

Detection of pathogenic bacteria and viruses require strategies that can signal the presence of these targets in near real-time due to the potential threats created by rapid dissemination into water and/or food supplies. In this paper, we report an innovative strategy that can rapidly detect bacterial pathogens using reporter sequences found in their genome without requiring polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A pair of strain-specific primers was designed based on the 16S rRNA gene and were end-labeled with a donor (Cy5) or acceptor (Cy5.5) dye. In the presence of the target bacterium, the primers were joined using a ligase detection reaction (LDR) only when the primers were completely complementary to the target sequence to form a reverse molecular beacon (rMB), thus bringing Cy5 (donor) and Cy5.5 (acceptor) into close proximity to allow fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to occur. These rMBs were subsequently analyzed using single-molecule detection of the FRET pairs (single-pair FRET; spFRET). The LDR was performed using a continuous flow thermal cycling process configured in a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic device using either 2 or 20 thermal cycles. Single-molecule photon bursts from the resulting rMBs were detected on-chip and registered using a simple laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) instrument. The spFRET signatures from the target pathogens were reported in as little as 2.6 min using spFRET.
Idea Garden: Situated Support for Problem Solving by End-User Programmers (2014)

Although there have been many advances in end-user programming environments, recent empirical studies report that programming still remains difficult for end-users. We hypothesize that one reason may be lack of effective support for helping end-user programmers problem-solve their own way around barriers they encounter. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the Idea Garden, a concept designed to help end-user programmers generate new ideas and problem-solve when they run into barriers. The Idea Garden has its roots in Minimalist Learning Theory and problem-solving theories. Our proof-of-concept prototype of the Idea Garden concept in the CoScripter end-user programming environment currently targets three barriers reported in end-user programming literature. It does so using an integrated, just-in-time combination of scaffolding for problem-solving strategies, for design patterns and for programming concepts. Our empirical results showed that this approach helped end-user programmers overcome all three types of barriers that our prototype targeted.
HTTP/2-Based Methods to Improve the Live Experience of Adaptive Streaming (2015)

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is today the number one video technology for over-the-top video distribution. In HAS, video content is temporally divided into multiple segments and encoded at different quality levels. A client selects and retrieves per segment the most suited quality version to create a seamless playout. Despite the ability of HAS to deal with changing network conditions, HAS-based live streaming often suffers from freezes in the playout due to buffer under-run, low average quality, large camera-to-display delay, and large initial/channel-change delay. Recently, IETF has standardized HTTP/2, a new version of the HTTP protocol that provides new features for reducing the page load time in Web browsing. In this paper, we present ten novel HTTP/2-based methods to improve the quality of experience of HAS. Our main contribution is the design and evaluation of a push-based approach for live streaming in which super-short segments are pushed from server to client as soon as they become available. We show that with an RTT of 300 ms, this approach can reduce the average server-to-display delay by 90.1% and the average start-up delay by 40.1%.
Realization and Efficiency Evaluation of a Micro-Photocatalytic Cell Prototype for Real-Time Blood Oxygenation. (2009)

Abstract A novel approach to blood oxygenation is presented. Microfluidic channels molded out of PDMS (using standard soft lithography techniques) work as photocatalytic cells, where the coupling of anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films and platinum electrodes, allow an electrically assisted photocatalytic reaction to produce dissolved oxygen gas from the water content of the flowing blood. The thin films were deposited onto quartz glass substrates at room temperature (300K) using reactive RF sputtering with a Ti metal target. The results of the current study, as a proof of concept, have shown that the device can generate oxygen at a rate of 4.06×10-3 mM O2/(cm 2 min) and oxygenate venous blood to the oxygen saturation level of arterial blood.
Improvement of interface properties in SiC(0001) MOS structures by plasma nitridation of SiC surface followed by SiO2 deposition and CO2 annealing (2023)

Abstract Although nitridation passivates defects at the SiO 2 /SiC interface, avoiding the introduction of nitrogen atoms into SiO 2 is crucial for reliability. This paper presents a method to selectively introduce nitrogen at the SiC-side of the interface. The method comprises the following steps: (i) plasma nitridation of the SiC surface, (ii) sputter deposition of SiO 2 , and (iii) annealing in a CO 2 ambient. Significantly low D it values of about 1 × 10 11 cm −2 eV −1 were obtained near the conduction band edge of SiC. Furthermore, the resulting interface properties were hardly degraded by excimer ultraviolet light irradiation, indicating better stability compared with a NO-nitrided sample.
Abstract 20169: The Role of Pathological Strain on Pulmonary Vein Endothelial Cells (2017)

Introduction: Clinical evidence suggests that high pulmonary blood flow states or local flow disturbances could play a role in the progression of pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS); however, it has not ...
Enhanced sequence specific recognition in the minor groove of DNA by covalent peptide dimers: bis(pyridine-2-carboxamidonetropsin)(CH2)3-6 (1993)

The designed peptide pyridine-2-carboxamidonetropsin (2-PyN) binds to the minor groove of double-helical&#13;\nDNA at two very different sequences, 5'-TTTTT-3' and 5'-TGTCA-3', with comparable energetics but quite different&#13;\nstructures. 2-PyN likely binds the 5'-TTTTT-3' site as a 1:1 complex, whereas 2-PyN binds 5'-TGTCA-3' sites as a&#13;\n2:1 complex. In order to enhance the binding affinity of 2-PyN for the 5'-TGTCA-3' site, covalently linked dimers&#13;\nof 2-PyN have been synthesized wherein the nitrogens of the central pyrroles are connected with propyl, butyl, pentyl,&#13;\nand hexyl linkers. DNase I footprint titration experiments reveal that these bis(pyridine-2-carboxamidenetropsin)(CH_2)_(3-6) peptides bind to a 5'-TGTCA-3' site with binding affinities 10-fold greater than that of&#13;\n2-PyN. By taking advantage of the different structures of peptides bound in the minor groove, the ratio of binding&#13;\naffinities of 2-PyN for 5'-TGTCA-3' and 5'-TTTTT-3' sites have been altered from 1:1 to 25:1.
Prediction of prognosis in untreated stage A2 prostatic carcinoma (1992)

Carcinoma is found unexpectedly in approximately 10% or more of the 400,000 prostatectomies performed annually in the United States. Patients with Stage A2 carcinoma die of their disease in only 35% of the cases. To alter the course of disease in these patients, 65% of Stage A2 patients may be treated unnecessarily by radical prostatectomy, radiation therapy, or hormonal therapy. An accurate method to predict the outcome of patients with Stage A2 carcinoma is needed. Histologic sections from 18 patients with Stage A2 prostatic carcinoma followed without further treatment until progression, or followed without progression, were evaluated by several investigators who did not have knowledge of patient outcomes and who employed standard pathologic grading systems as well as morphometric, cytophotometric, flow cytometric, and immunohistochemical techniques. Outcome was predicted correctly by random sampled absolute (17 of 18 cases) and relative (16 of 18) nuclear roundness factor (NRF), tumor volume expressed as percent of specimen (13 of 16), primary (13 of 18), secondary (14 of 18), sum (15 of 18), and worse (14 of 18) Gleason grades and prostate-specific antigen immunohistochemical findings (13 of 18) that produced statistically significant separation of the two groups. Significant separation was not obtained with Mostofi's pattern, nuclear, sum, and worse grades, Johns Hopkins' grade, absolute tumor volume, nuclear DNA content measured by image cytophotometric study of Feulgen-stained histologic sections and flow cytometric study of propidium iodide-labeled suspensions of nuclei obtained from paraffin blocks, nonrandom sampled NRF of worse and most prevalent neoplastic areas, and prostatic acid phosphatase and peanut agglutinin immunohistochemical study. NRF measured by a random technique best predicted outcome in these patients with A2 prostatic carcinoma and should be evaluated prospectively as a means for selecting patients who require therapy.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrogen Glycosylation Reactions Involving Pyrimidine and Purine Nucleoside Bases with Furanoside Sugars (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Release of Norepinephrine from the Cat Ovary: Changes after Ovulation1 (1991)

The distribution of intraneuronal constituents involved in norepinephrine (NE) storage, uptake, and release were used to estimate changes in NE secretion from the cat ovary after ovulation induced with eCG plus hCG. The content of NE and ATP, which are principally stored in small noradrenergic vesicles (isolated at a density of 1.041 g/ml in Percoll gradient), decreased after ovulation. However, the activity of dopamine beta-hydroxylase, which is principally associated with large noradrenergic vesicles (isolated at a density of 1.033 g/ml in Percoll gradient), was only slightly decreased. Mg(2+)-dependent ATPase, located in both large and small storage vesicles, decreased only in the small storage vesicles, suggesting that preferential secretion from small noradrenergic vesicles occurred. The hormonal treatment also affected the functional capacity of the vesicles, as evidenced by the decrease in uptake and storage capacity as well as the decrease in the stimulated release of 3H-NE observed after ovulation. The aforementioned changes are characteristically seen after a sympathetic discharge; thus they strongly support the notion that ovarian sympathetic activity increases during the ovulatory process, resulting in the postovulatory decrease in both the size and functional capacity of the intraneuronal compartment where NE is stored.
Efficacy of a short sandwich protocol, methotrexate, gemcitabine, L‐asparaginase and dexamethasone chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, in localised newly diagnosed NK/T‐cell lymphoma: A French retrospective study (2023)

Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type is a rare and aggressive form of lymphoma, historically associated with poor prognosis. We report here the results of a retrospective multi-centre study evaluating the efficacy of MGAD (methotrexate, gemcitabine, L-asparaginase and dexamethasone) regimen (two cycles) combined with 'sandwich' radiotherapy in 35 patients with localised newly diagnosed extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Thirty-two patients (91%) reached complete remission. With a long median follow-up of 59.6 months, progression-free and overall survival at 2 and 5 years were 71%, 80% and 53%, 73%, respectively. Around one third of the patients experienced relapse within a median time of 14.5 months. Side-effects were manageable with grades 3-4 cytopenias, mucositis and infection in 50%, 24% and 21% of the cases, respectively. Monitoring of asparaginase activity was performed in 13 patients and showed inactivation of the drug in seven (54%) patients. Our results indicate that a short therapy by sandwich MGAD chemoradiotherapy is a tolerable and effective treatment option in localised newly diagnosed extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma patients.
Retromer dysfunction in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (2022)

Retromer is a heteropentameric complex that plays a specialized role in endosomal protein sorting and trafficking. Here, we report a reduction in the retromer proteins-vacuolar protein sorting 35 (VPS35), VPS26A, and VPS29-in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and in the ALS model provided by transgenic (Tg) mice expressing the mutant superoxide dismutase-1 G93A. These changes are accompanied by a reduction of levels of the α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor subunit GluA1, a proxy of retromer function, in spinal cords from Tg SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice. Correction of the retromer deficit by a viral vector expressing <i>VPS35</i> exacerbates the paralytic phenotype in Tg SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice. Conversely, lowering <i>Vps35</i> levels in Tg SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mice ameliorates the disease phenotype. In light of these findings, we propose that mild alterations in retromer inversely modulate neurodegeneration propensity in ALS.
1-to-42 optoelectronic interconnection for intra-multichip-module clock signal distribution (1994)

In this paper, we present a miniaturized compact three-dimensional optical fan-out interconnect suitable for wafer scale very large scale integrated multichip-module optical clock signal distribution. The demonstrated device employs a thin light-guiding substrate in conjunction with a two-dimensional (2D) optical hologram array. The parallel feature among fan-out beams and the planar compact structure convert the unsolvable three spatial and three angular multiple alignment problem into a single-step 2D planar one, which greatly enhances the packaging reliability. A new design scheme for reducing throughput power nonuniformity is presented for the first time. A 25 GHz 1-to-42 highly parallel fan-out interconnect was demonstrated with a signal to noise ratio of 10 dB.
Page Fault Support for Network Controllers (2017)

Direct network I/O allows network controllers (NICs) to expose multiple instances of themselves, to be used by untrusted software without a trusted intermediary. Direct I/O thus frees researchers from legacy software, fueling studies that innovate in multitenant setups. Such studies, however, overwhelmingly ignore one serious problem: direct memory accesses (DMAs) of NICs disallow page faults, forcing systems to either pin entire address spaces to physical memory and thereby hinder memory utilization, or resort to APIs that pin/unpin memory buffers before/after they are DMAed, which complicates the programming model and hampers performance.
Learning ABCs: Approximate Bijective Correspondence for isolating factors of variation with weak supervision (2021)

Representational learning forms the backbone of most deep learning applications, and the value of a learned representation is intimately tied to its information content regarding different factors of variation. Finding good representations depends on the nature of supervision and the learning algorithm. We propose a novel algorithm that utilizes a weak form of supervision where the data is partitioned into sets according to certain inactive (common) factors of variation which are invariant across elements of each set. Our key insight is that by seeking correspondence between elements of different sets, we learn strong representations that exclude the inactive factors of variation and isolate the active factors that vary within all sets. As a consequence of focusing on the active factors, our method can leverage a mix of set-supervised and wholly unsupervised data, which can even belong to a different domain. We tackle the challenging problem of synthetic-to-real object pose transfer, without pose annotations on anything, by isolating pose information which generalizes to the category level and across the synthetic/real domain gap. The method can also boost performance in supervised settings, by strengthening intermediate representations, as well as operate in practically attainable scenarios with set-supervised natural images, where quantity is limited and nuisance factors of variation are more plentiful.
Translational Regulation of Yersinia enterocolitica mRNA Encoding a Type III Secretion Substrate (2013)

Yersinia enterocolitica type III secretion machines transport YopQ and other Yop effectors into host immune cells. YopD and its chaperone LcrH are essential components of the Yersinia type III pathway, enabling effector translocation into host cells. YopD, LcrH, and YscM1 also regulate yop expression post-transcriptionally in response to environmental signals; however, the molecular mechanisms for this regulation and Yop secretion are unknown. We show here that YopD associates with 30 S ribosomal particles in a manner requiring LcrH. When added to ribosomes, YopD, LcrH, and YscM1 block the translation of yopQ mRNA. We propose a model whereby LcrH-dependent association of YopD with 30 S ribosomal particles enables YscM1 to block yopQ translation unless type III machines are induced to secrete the effector.
Dispersion Trimming Using a Liquid Crystal on Silicon Based Wavelength Selective Switch (2008)

The functionality of an LCOS-based wavelength selective switch is extended to do dispersion trimming, tunable per channel and output port. We experimentally demonstrate pulse splitting with different dispersion settings in each of the split signals.
The role of interleukin 1 (IL 1) in tumor-NK cell interactions: correction of defective NK cell activity in cancer patients by treating target cells with IL 1. (1985)

This study examined the importance of interleukin 1 (IL 1) in the large granular lymphocyte (LGL)-target cell interaction. K562 target cells when treated with highly purified human IL 1 for 1 hr bound greater numbers of LGL than untreated cells. LGL from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) that bound few untreated K562 cells, attached to considerably increased numbers of IL 1-treated target cells. Cytotoxicity of LGL against target cells could similarly be increased by pulsing the latter cells with IL 1, and defective cytotoxicity of LGL from HCC patients could be corrected by treating the target K562 cells with IL 1. Lysis of PLC/PRF/5 cells, Yac-1 cells, and normal skin fibroblasts could also be increased by treatment with IL 1 for 1 hr. The enhanced binding and cytotoxicity of IL 1-treated target cells was only observed when the latter cells were preincubated with IL 1 at 37 degrees C, and was not evident at 4 degrees C. Furthermore, the IL 1-mediated effect could be abolished by treating the target cells with cycloheximide before the IL 1 pulse, or by adding rabbit anti-human IL 1 together with the IL 1. These results indicate that IL 1 affects a variety of target cells and increases their ability to bind and be lysed by enriched LGL. They demonstrate, furthermore, that defective natural cytotoxicity by the LGL of patients with advanced malignant disease can be corrected in vitro by treating the target cells with IL 1.
Increasing Interlaminar Strength in Large Scale Additive Manufacturing (2024)

Interlaminar strength of extrusion-based additively manufactured parts is known to be weaker than the strength seen in the printed directions (X and Y). With Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM), large parts lead to long layer times that are prone to splitting, sometimes referred to as delamination, between the layers. Fiber filled materials, such as carbon fiber reinforced ABS, are used to counter-act the effects of thermal expansion, but the fibers stay in-plane meaning that no fibers span from layer to layer, which helps counteract the weak interlaminar strength that causes splitting. A solution to this is a patent pending approach known as “z-pinning”. The process involves strategically positioning voids across multiple layers that will be backfilled with hot extrudate. This paper will explore the benefits and results of using “z-pinning” in large scale additive manufacturing.
A highly sensitive and low‐noise IR photosensor based on a‐SiGe as a sensing and noise filter: Toward large‐sized touch‐screen LCD panels (2011)

Abstract— The a‐SiGe TFT photosensor for embedded touch‐screen panels (TSPs) was characterized by comparison with an a‐Si sensor. The photoresponse of an a‐SiGe sensor at a 850‐nm wavelength was much higher than that of a‐Si, indicating that a‐SiGe is a strong candidate material for an IR sensor. In order to increase the signal‐to‐noise ratio, the incident visible light was filtered by incorporating a bandpass‐filter layer. An a‐SiGe IR‐sensor‐embedded LCD panel was successfully demonstrated, showing an excellent multitouch property independent of ambient‐light conditions. This technology can be widely used in multifunctional TSPs.
Nanomagnetism and Nanomagnetic Materials [Guest Editorial] (2020)

In this special section, four teams of leading experts in their respective fields discuss emerging applications for nanotechnology inspired by nanomagnetism and nanomagnetic materials. The topics presented are not meant to be a comprehensive overview of the field of nanomagnetics. Rather, they are intended to highlight unique areas of research and their potential technological impacts.