gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Undercorrected Refractive Errors among Singaporean Malay Adults: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (2009)

Undercorrected refractive error is a significant cause of correctable visual impairment among Singaporean Malay adults, affecting one in five persons.
Data from Synergistic Combination of Novel Tubulin Inhibitor ABI-274 and Vemurafenib Overcomes Vemurafenib Acquired Resistance in BRAF<sup>V600E</sup> Melanoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Acquired clinical resistance to vemurafenib, a selective BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt; inhibitor, arises frequently after short-term chemotherapy. Because inhibitions of targets in the RAF–MEK–ERK pathway result in G&lt;sub&gt;0&lt;/sub&gt;–G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt; cell-cycle arrest, vemurafenib-resistant cancer cells are expected to escape this cell-cycle arrest and progress to the subsequent G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–M phase. We hypothesized that a combined therapy using vemurafenib with a G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–M phase blocking agent will trap resistant cells and overcome vemurafenib resistance. To test this hypothesis, we first determined the combination index (CI) values of our novel tubulin inhibitor ABI-274 and vemurafenib on parental human A375 and MDA-MB-435 melanoma cell lines to be 0.32 and 0.1, respectively, suggesting strong synergy for the combination. We then developed an A375RF21 subline with significant acquired resistance to vemurafenib and confirmed the strong synergistic effect. Next, we studied the potential mechanisms of overcoming vemurafenib resistance. Flow cytometry confirmed that the combination of ABI-274 and vemurafenib synergistically arrested cells in the G&lt;sub&gt;1&lt;/sub&gt;–G&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;–M phase, and significantly increased apoptosis in both parental A375 and the vemurafenib-resistant A375RF21 cells. Western blot analysis revealed that the combination treatment effectively reduced the level of phosphorylated and total AKT, activated the apoptosis cascade, and increased cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP, but had no significant influence on the level of extracellular signal–regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation. Finally, &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; coadministration of vemurafenib with ABI-274 showed strong synergistic efficacy in the vemurafenib-resistant xenograft model in nude mice. Overall, these results offer a rational combination strategy to significantly enhance the therapeutic benefit in patients with melanoma who inevitably become resistant to current vemurafenib therapy. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 13(1); 16–26. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Temperature dependence of the electrical resistivity of reactively sputtered TiN films (1993)

The electrical resistivity of reactively sputtered TiN films was measured as a function of film thickness. The effect of directionality of the sputtered atoms, substrate temperature, bias voltage, deposition rate, and film morphology on the electron conductivity in TiN films was studied. The combination of rapid deposition rate and high substrate temperature with bias-collimated sputtering results in TiN films with the lowest resistivity, 45 μΩ cm, the largest temperature coefficient of resistance, 1355 ppm, and the highest superconducting transition temperature, 5.04 K. These films are characterized by small grains with mixed &amp;lt;111≳ and &amp;lt;200≳ orientation and reduced electron scattering with an estimated electron mean-free path of 96 nm.
A corpus-based study of elderly and young speakers of European Portuguese: acoustic correlates and their impact on speech recognition performance (2013)

This paper presents a study of European Portuguese elderly speech, in which the acoustic characteristics of two groups of elderly speakers (aged 60-75 and over 75) are compared with those of young adult speakers (aged 19-30).The correlation between age and a set of 14 acoustic features was investigated, and decision trees were used to establish the relative importance of the features.A greater use of pauses characterized speakers aged 60 and over.For female speakers, speech rate also appeared to correlate with age.For male speakers, jitter distinguished between speakers aged 60-75 and older.The correlation between the features and speech recognition performance was also investigated.Word error rate correlated mostly with the use of pauses, speech rate, and the ratio of long phone realizations.Finally, by comparing the phone sequences used by the recognizer on the most frequent words, we observed that the young adult speakers reduced schwas more than the elderly speakers.This result seems to confirm the common idea that young speakers reduce articulation more than older speakers.Further investigation is needed to confirm this result by determining whether this is due to ageing or to the generation gap.
Performance innovation in the IBM zEnterprise 196 processor (2012)

The IBM zEnterprise® 196 achieves substantial performance gains over prior designs across the full spectrum of workloads being run on today's enterprise information technology systems, ranging from large data-intensive transaction processing workloads to central processing unit-intensive business applications. Each of these required innovations in the design of the hardware, software, and instruction-set architecture (ISA) with performance gains coming from several sources: the out-of-order microprocessor core design, the multilevel cache structure, new ISA facilities, and additional ISA extensions to enable efficient scaling of large multiprocessor operating system images. These enhancements were achieved through collaborative development among hardware, software, compiler, architecture, and performance analysis teams. This paper describes the performance contributions from these sources, with particular focus on the new architectural facilities.
Accented Speech Recognition: Benchmarking, Pre-training, and Diverse Data (2022)

Building inclusive speech recognition systems is a crucial step towards developing technologies that speakers of all language varieties can use. Therefore, ASR systems must work for everybody independently of the way they speak. To accomplish this goal, there should be available data sets representing language varieties, and also an understanding of model configuration that is the most helpful in achieving robust understanding of all types of speech. However, there are not enough data sets for accented speech, and for the ones that are already available, more training approaches need to be explored to improve the quality of accented speech recognition. In this paper, we discuss recent progress towards developing more inclusive ASR systems, namely, the importance of building new data sets representing linguistic diversity, and exploring novel training approaches to improve performance for all users. We address recent directions within benchmarking ASR systems for accented speech, measure the effects of wav2vec 2.0 pre-training on accented speech recognition, and highlight corpora relevant for diverse ASR evaluations.
Regioselective synthesis and biological activity of oxidized chitosan derivatives (2003)

Abstract Oxidized chitosan derivatives with various degrees of oxidation (DS, 0.1–1.0) were prepared by the treatment of chitosan with CrO 3 /aq HClO 4 or by the oxidation of ­3‐ O ‐ and N ‐protected chitosan with 30% aq H 2 O 2 /Na 2 WO 4 followed by 3‐O‐ and N‐deprotection. The oxidized products were then N‐acetylated with Ac 2 O in order to improve their water‐solubility. Although the oxidized chitosan derivative of DS 0.28 and the degree of N‐acetylation of chitosan (DA) 38% was insoluble in the pH 3–8 region, that of DS 0.26 and DA 76% was soluble in the neutral pH range. The newly‐prepared acetylated and oxidized chitosan derivatives were found to suppress the chemiluminescence response of inflammatory cells such as canine polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs). Analysis by the surface plasmon resonance method revealed that the bind and release behavior of PMNs to acetylated oxidized chitosan derivatives was similar to that against carboxymethylated chitosan derivatives. The amount of water‐soluble chitosan derivative bound to cytokine IL‐8 was found to be affected by the structural and electronic features of the chitosan substituents in the chitosan chain. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Linkage Analyses in Tibial Muscular Dystrophy (1996)

Tibial muscular dystrophy (TMD) is a recently described muscular disease first discovered in a highly consanguineous family in Finland. The pedigree also included patients whose symptoms resembled another phenotype, classical limb-girdle muscular dystrophy. Extensive linkage analysis was carried out in this complex pedigree using 157 highly polymorphic DNA markers. Because of the presence of two phenotypes, several inheritance models were used in linkage analysis studies to allow for the possibility of intrafamilial heterogeneity. The results summarize information from over 10,000 genotypings and exclude several known loci for muscular dystrophies. The findings suggest that TMD may be caused by a mutation in a previously unknown locus for muscular dystrophy.
Convergence of Broadcast and Broadband Performance Evaluation of Layered Division Multiplexing for 5G and Beyond (2021)

Further evolved Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (FeMBMS) was introduced in 3GPP Release 14 to provide standalone ultra-high-definition multicast/broadcast services over larger distances. Release 16 made significant improvements to FeMBMS with support for large inter site distance up to 125 km, support for high mobility up to 250 km/h, and enhancements to the cell acquisition subframe. However, the capabilities, efficiency, and service delivery flexibility of this system still lags behind dedicated broadcasting systems such as ATSC 3.0. Our previous works had shown that in an LTE infrastructure, incorporating layered division multiplexing (LDM) can deliver broadcast and broadband services in one RF channel to achieve higher spectral efficiency. The newest 5G standards bring many changes to the 3GPP specifications. Therefore, this study investigates the performance and capabilities of LDM for delivering mixed broadcast and broadband services for 5G and beyond. Simulations show that in an LDM enabled 5G broadcast priority network, a broadcast service and a near full capacity broadband service can be delivered using the same time frequency resource.
Radioactive Materials in Jewelry (2010)

Recently many Japanese wear jewelry as personal ornaments, particularly bracelets. The jewelry is made of gems, jewels, noble metals and so on. Some kinds of jewelry include much amount of radioactive elements more than that of natural range in ores which are in our living-environment. The radioactive concentrations of 25 kinds of jewels and gems, which were easily purchased on a market or through the Internet, were analyzed by HPGe. The bracelet which was made of ceramics showed the highest radioactive concentration and it was estimated as approx. 800 Bq g-1 of 232Th and 140 Bq g-1 of 238U by assuming radioactive equilibrium among the nuclides in the decay series. Moreover, there was a high radioactive concentration gem including 60 Bq g-1 of 232Th and 300 Bq g-1 of 238U. The radioactive materials added in the ceramics should be monazite analyzed by a prompt gamma-ray activation analysis method. Though the ceramics became the object of the NORM management by the concentration, the radioactivity of one bracelet does not exceed 8,000 Bq. So, all these jewelry samples do not have to manage as NORM as consumer products according to the guideline by Japanese government. However, the jewelry's activity by deliberate addition of radioactive materials is deemed to be unjustified exposure, that the ICRP led the consideration. It is considered that the NORM guideline should take in the consideration of ICRP and prohibit the addition of radioactive materials to jewelry.
5.2: Evidence for the Involvement of Water in the Long‐Term Degradation of Green Phosphorescent OLEDs (2014)

Abstract Degradation products in aged phosphorescent OLEDs were analyzed using GCIB/TOF‐SIMS. In OLEDs aged to a luminous decay of 66%, mass spectra detected the presence of oxygen‐containing components within an emission layer composed of an Ir(ppy) 3 guest and a CBP host. Involvement of water incorporated from the environment was strongly suggested.
Impact of Patient Affect on Physician Estimate of Probability of Serious Illness and Test Ordering (2019)

The authors hypothesize patient facial affect may influence clinician pretest probability (PTP) estimate of cardiopulmonary emergency (CPE) and desire to order a computerized tomographic pulmonary angiogram (CTPA).
Data from Enhanced Antitumor Efficacy of a DR5-Specific TRAIL Variant over Recombinant Human TRAIL in a Bioluminescent Ovarian Cancer Xenograft Model (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (rhTRAIL) is clinically evaluated as novel anticancer drug. rhTRAIL-DR5, a rhTRAIL variant that specifically binds to DR5 receptor, has recently been developed. We investigated whether rhTRAIL-DR5 is more efficient than rhTRAIL in combination with cisplatin in DR5-expressing human A2780 ovarian cancer cells.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Design:&lt;/b&gt; Effect of cisplatin alone or in combination with rhTRAIL or rhTRAIL-DR5 on DR5 surface expression, apoptosis, and cell survival of A2780 was measured. Biodistribution analysis was done in mice with &lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;I-rhTRAIL administered intravenously versus intraperitoneally. Antitumor efficacy of rhTRAIL-DR5 versus rhTRAIL was determined in an intraperitoneally growing bioluminescent A2780 xenograft model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Cisplatin strongly enhanced DR5 surface expression. Both rhTRAIL and rhTRAIL-DR5 in combination with cisplatin induced high levels of caspase-3 activation, apoptosis, and cell kill, with rhTRAIL-DR5 being most potent. Intraperitoneal administration of &lt;sup&gt;125&lt;/sup&gt;I-rhTRAIL resulted in a 1.7-fold higher area under the curve in serum, increased tumor exposure, and more caspase-3 activation in the tumor than intravenous administration. Intraperitoneal administration of rhTRAIL-DR5 delayed A2780 tumor progression, reflected in a mean light reduction of 68.3% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.015), whereas rhTRAIL or rhTRAIL-DR5 plus cisplatin resulted in 85% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003) and 97% (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002) reduction compared with A2780 tumor progression in vehicle-treated animals. Combination of rhTRAIL-DR5 with cisplatin was more effective than cisplatin alone (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.027).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; rhTRAIL-DR5 was superior over rhTRAIL &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; against DR5-expressing ovarian cancer also in combination with cisplatin. Intraperitoneal administration of rhTRAIL-DR5 warrants further exploration in ovarian cancer.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Re-designing distance functions and distance-based applications for high dimensional data (2001)

In recent years, the detrimental effects of the curse of high dimensionality have been studied in great detail on several problems such as clustering, nearest neighbor search, and indexing. In high dimensional space the data becomes sparse, and traditional indexing and algorithmic techniques fail from the performance perspective. Recent research results show that in high dimensional space, the concept of proximity may not even be qualitatively meaningful [6]. In this paper, we try to outline the effects of generalizing low dimensional techniques to high dimensional applications and the natural effects of sparsity on distance based applications. We outline the guidelines required in order to re-design either the distance functions or the distance-based applications in a meaningful way for high dimensional domains. We provide novel perspectives and insights on some new lines of work for broadening application definitions in order to effectively deal with the dimensionality curse.
Diversity and incidence of plant-parasitic nematodes in Belgian turf grass (2011)

Abstract Eleven golf courses and eight football pitches, located in Belgium, were surveyed for plant-parasitic nematodes. This revealed a remarkably high diversity: 52 different species/taxa were identified morphologically, belonging to 23 genera and nine families. Among the most prevalent nematodes on both sports field types were Helicotylenchus pseudorobustus and Meloidogyne naasi (&gt;85% and &gt;45% of the analysed samples, respectively). Golf greens contained a higher density and diversity of cyst nematodes than football fields. Cyst nematode species included Punctodera punctata, Heterodera mani, H. ustinovi, H. bifenestra and H. hordecalis. Multivariate statistics of the first three species showed that they could be separated based on morphometrical characters of juveniles, but not on values based on the vulval pattern. Several detected species, e. g., Meloidogyne minor, are a potential source of infestation of agricultural fields. This study shows the importance of plant-parasitic nematodes in turf grass in temperate Europe. In addition, a comparison between two extraction methods revealed that significantly more nematodes were extracted with the zonal centrifuge than after 2 weeks extraction with the Baermann method, except for juveniles of Meloidogyne spp. and cyst-forming species.
Preface (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceMICHAEL E. HIMMELMICHAEL E. HIMMELApplied Biological Sciences Branch National Renewable Energy Laboratory Golden, CO 80401More by MICHAEL E. HIMMEL and GEORGE GEORGIOUGEORGE GEORGIOUDepartment of Chemical Engineering The University of Texas Austin, TX 78712More by GEORGE GEORGIOUDOI: 10.1021/bk-1993-0516.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):December 11, 1993Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 11 December 1993Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1993 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Biocatalyst Design for Stability and Specificitypp xi-xiiiACS Symposium SeriesVol. 516ISBN13: 9780841225183eISBN: 9780841213722Chapter Views101Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (309 KB) Get e-Alerts
Thermal Simulation and Experimental Analysis of Optically Pumped InP-on-Si Micro- and Nanocavity Lasers (2021)

There is a general trend of downscaling laser cavities, but with high integration and energy densities of nanocavity lasers, signifi-cant thermal issues affect their operation. The complexity of geometrical parameters and the various materials involved hinder the extraction of clear design guidelines and operation strategies. Here, we present a systematic thermal analysis of InP-on-Si micro- and nanocavity lasers based on steady-state and transient thermal simulations and experimental analysis. In particular, we investi-gated the use of metal cavities for improving the thermal properties of InP-on-Si micro- and nanocavity lasers. Heating of lasers is studied by using Raman thermometry and the results agree well with simulation results, both reveal a temperature reduction of hundreds of kelvins for the metal-clad cavity. Transient simulations are carried out to improve our understanding of the dynamic temperature variation under pulsed and continuous-wave pumping conditions. The results show that the presence of a metal clad-ding not only increases the overall efficiency in heat dissipation, but also causes a much faster temperature response. Together with optical experimental results under pulsed pumping, we conclude that a pulse width of 10 ns and repetition rate of 100 kHz is the optimal pumping condition for a 2 micrometer wide square cavity.
The Role of Bright Pixels in Illumination Estimation (2012)

The White-Patch method, one of the very first colour constancy methods, estimates the illuminant colour from the maximum response of three colour channels. However, this simple method has been superseded by advanced physical, statistical and learning based colour constancy methods. Recently, a few research works have suggested that the simple idea of using maximum pixel values is not as limited an idea as it seems on first glance. These works show that in several situations some manipulations can indeed made it perform very well. Here, we extend the White-Patch assumption to include any of: white patch, highlights or light source; let us refer to these pixels in an image as the &#x201C;bright&#x201D; pixels areas. We propose that bright pixels are surprisingly helpful in the illumination estimation process.In this paper, we investigate the effects of bright pixels on several current colour constancy algorithms. Moreover, we describe a simple framework for an illumination estimation method based on bright pixels and compare its accuracy to well-known colour constancy algorithms applied to four standard datasets. We also investigate failure and success cases, using bright pixels, and propose desiderata on input images with regard to the proposed method.
RT-PCR and mRNA Quantitation (1994)

Quantitative analysis of RNA is an important aspect of gene expression studies and central to the understanding of the mechanisms that regulate gene activity. Northern gels, dot or slot blots, are currently used for analyzing RNA levels, however, Northern analysis requires large quantities of RNA and is not very sensitive for quantitative use in detecting low abundance mRNA. S1 nuclease assays, RNase A protection, and in situ hybridization methods are more sensitive and quantitative, however, these methods are time consuming, can be technically difficult, and are not useful for a simultaneous processing of a large number of samples. Although these methods are more sensitive than Northern analysis, for many practical purposes, i.e., analyzing low copy number of transcripts or small amount of cells, the very low levels of mRNA limit their widespread use.