gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Nonlinear multigrid methods of optimization in Bayesian tomographic image reconstruction</title> (1992)

Bayesian estimation of transmission tomographic images presents formidable optimization tasks. Numerical solutions of this problem are limited in speed of convergence by the number of iterations required for the propagation of information across the grid. Edge-preserving prior models for tomographic images inject a nonlinear element into the Bayesian cost function, which limits the effectiveness of algorithms such as conjugate gradient, intended for linear problems. In this paper, we apply nonlinear multigrid optimization to Bayesian reconstruction of a two-dimensional function from integral projections. At each resolution, we apply Gauss-Seidel type iterations, which optimize locally with respect to individual pixel values. If the cost function is differentiable, the algorithm speeds convergence; if it is nonconvex and/or nondifferentiable, multigrid can yield improved estimates.
Radical prostatectomy in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (2006)

The risk of peri-operative complications in HIV-positive patients can be minimized by carefully selecting the patient and procedure, and by measuring routine and HIV-specific preoperative variables. The two infectious complications in this series were in patients with less favourable preoperative factors, i.e. the lowest CD4+ count and the highest viral load. Further experience is needed to determine whether the risk of surgical infections is higher in this cohort. However, our results are consistent with reports from other surgical specialities that surgery in asymptomatic HIV-positive patients is safe and effective.
Binding-Site Identification and Genotypic Profiling of Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase Inhibitors (2007)

The search for hepatitis C virus polymerase inhibitors has resulted in the identification of several nonnucleoside binding pockets. The shape and nature of these binding sites differ across and even within diverse hepatitis C virus genotypes. These differences confront antiviral drug discovery with the challenge of finding compounds that are capable of inhibition in variable binding pockets. To address this, we have established a hepatitis C virus mutant and genotypic recombinant polymerase panel as a means of guiding medicinal chemistry through the elucidation of the site of action of novel inhibitors and profiling against genotypes. Using a genotype 1b backbone, we demonstrate that the recombinant P495L, M423T, M414T, and S282T mutant enzymes can be used to identify the binding site of an acyl pyrrolidine analog. We assess the inhibitory activity of this analog and other nonnucleoside inhibitors with our panel of enzyme isolates generated from clinical sera representing genotypes 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5a, and 6a.
Cu‐Phosphorus Eutectic Solid Solution for Growth of Multilayer Graphene with Widely Tunable Doping (2020)

Abstract A one‐step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is proposed to grow multilayer graphene (MLG) with tunable doping types using a copper–phosphorus eutectic system as a catalyst. At the growth temperature, the phosphorus‐dissolved copper forms a liquid phase, which promotes the formation of phosphorus‐doped MLG. With this method, the thickness and doping level of graphene are simultaneously controlled at the synthesis stage. Moreover, the proposed CVD method enables patterned growth of MLG at the microscale. The resultant phosphorus‐doped graphene demonstrates a tunable doping state from large n‐type doping to p‐type doping because of the high affinity of phosphorus to water molecules. Finally, stable n‐type doping of MLG by passivating it with a parylene thin film is demonstrated.
Multi-target tracking in the littoral environment (2002)

Existing state estimation algorithms for sea surface targets allow motion in three spatial directions. The approach described herein exploits directly all available information, with surface ships constrained to the geoid - producing a model as close to reality as any representation humanly achievable. Not only is Earth curvature taken into account from the outset, but Earth oblateness and the geoid/ellipsoid height separation (taken into account by lookup table) are sewed into the estimator algorithm, in the same form used for GPS data. These effects are included everywhere applicable, not just as an external correction or an afterthought. To enhance computational reliability still further, an appropriately stable (e.g., factorized) algorithmic approach is unhesitatingly adopted. Factorization provides another side benefit of efficiency which, when added to the savings inherent with fewer states, produces an almost irresistible incentive to pursue this opportunity to reap full benefit from tracker input data received.
Timing of sepsis is an important risk factor for white matter abnormality in extremely premature infants with sepsis (2017)

PMA at sepsis diagnosis might be an important risk factor for moderate-to-severe WMA in extremely premature infants with postnatal sepsis, especially before PMA 28 weeks. Infants who suffer from sepsis before PMA 28 weeks might need additional therapy for neuroprotection.
Ultralow Interfacial Tensions of Polymer/Polymer Interfaces with Diblock Copolymer Surfactants (2007)

The interfacial tension γ between polyisoprene (PI) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) homopolymers mixed with poly(isoprene-b-dimethylsiloxane) (IDMS) diblock copolymers has been measured with a spinning drop tensiometer. Measurements have been conducted for mixtures containing each of 12 copolymers, in which the PDMS volume fraction fDMS varies from 0.49 to 0.73, and for mixtures containing a symmetric copolymer and PI homopolymers of varying molecular weight. The measured interfacial tension is found to be independent of copolymer concentration above an apparent critical concentration of order 0.1 wt % copolymer. Mixtures with a nearly symmetric copolymer are found to exhibit ultralow interfacial tensions, up to 3 orders of magnitude less than that of the bare PI/PDMS interface. Results are compared to the predictions of a numerical self-consistent field theory for the interfacial tension of an interface between a PDMS phase containing swollen spherical micelles and a phase of nearly pure PI. Agreement between theory and experiment is excellent for sufficiently asymmetric copolymers, with fDMS > 0.63. Measured values of γ are significantly lower than predictions for 0.5 < fDMS < 0.6, however, and depend very sensitively upon fDMS over a narrow range 0.60 ≤ fDMS ≤ 0.63. Kinetic limitations that may be relevant to these experiments are also analyzed and discussed.
Cycle Life Investigations on Different Li-Ion Cell Chemistries for PHEV Applications Based on Real Life Conditions (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV) are becoming increasingly important as an intermediate step on the roadmap to Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV). Li-Ion is the most important battery technology for future hybrid and electrical vehicles. Cycle life of batteries for automotive applications is a major concern of design and development on vehicles with electrified powertrain. Cell manufacturers present various cell chemistries based on Li-Ion technology. For choosing cells with the best cycle life performance appropriate test methods and criteria must be obtained. Cells must be stressed with accelerated aging methods, which correlate with real life conditions. There is always a conflict between high accelerating factors for fast results on the one hand and best accordance with reality on the other hand.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Investigations are done on three different Li-Ion cell types which are applicable in the use of PHEVs. In order to obtain results independent of manufacturing tolerance, several cells of each type are used. Aging and characterization are done by using single cell testers. Each cell is stressed with a power profile which is derived from real life driving cycles. All cells are placed in a climate chamber and exposed to a temperature profile in order to simulate ambient conditions. The temperature profile results from typical ambient conditions in Central Europe.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Capacity and internal impedance for charging and discharging are obtained periodically. Degeneration of both parameters is evaluated over cycle life. The results show a high dependence on cell chemistries in terms of capacity fade and increase of internal impedance.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Three different indicators of aging are presented, which allow evaluating the state of health without additional characterization but can be derived directly from driving and charging data.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Trading accuracy for numerical stability: Orthogonalization, biorthogonalization and regularization (2016)

This paper presents two novel regularization methods motivated in part by the geometric significance of biorthogonal bases in signal processing applications. These methods, in particular, draw upon the structural relevance of orthogonality and biorthogonality principles and are presented from the perspectives of signal processing, convex programming, continuation methods and nonlinear projection operators. Each method is specifically endowed with either a homotopy or tuning parameter to facilitate tradeoff analysis between accuracy and numerical stability. An example involving a basis comprised of real exponential signals illustrates the utility of the proposed methods on an ill-conditioned inverse problem and the results are compared to standard regularization techniques from the signal processing literature.
Interferon-γ Enhances Megakaryocyte Colony-Stimulating Activity in Murine Bone Marrow Cells (1996)

We have demonstrated previously that interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) accelerates platelet recovery in mice with 5-FU induced-marrow aplasia in vivo. However, the mechanism for the regulation of megakaryocyte development induced by IFN-gamma in bone marrow cells in vivo remains unknown. To further study the effects of IFN-gamma on megakaryocyte development, various steps during IFN-gamma-mediated accelerated differentiation of the megakaryocytes were investigated in serum-free cultures of murine bone marrow cells in vitro. IFN-gamma markedly induced acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, a marker of murine megakaryocytic cells, accompanied by increased colony formation of the megakaryocyte lineage. A prominent increase in megakaryocyte number was observed after IFN-gamma treatment. All of these effects were dependent on the presence of IL-3, and, therefore, these results suggest that IFN-gamma acts as a megakaryocyte potentiator (Meg-POT). However, IFN-gamma did not enhance megakaryocyte maturation with respect to increase in cell size. The effects of IFN-gamma on megakaryocyte maturation were similar to those observed after treatment with higher doses of IL-3 alone. Meg-POT is defined as a factor that induces megakaryocyte maturation. Since IFN-gamma enhanced IL-3-dependent megakaryocyte colony formation and proliferation rather than megakaryocyte maturation, the effects on megakaryocyte development, which were induced by IFN-gamma treatment, seem to be different from the effects of a Meg-POT. We, therefore, propose a new function for IFN-gamma as an enhancer of megakaryocyte colony-stimulating factor activity. The effect of IFN-gamma in vitro appears to correlate well with the acceleration of platelet recovery in vivo.
Structure and Properties of PM Nano-Crystalline Al-Cr based Alloys (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Membranes Innovantes pour la Séparation de l’Hydrogène – MISHY (2014)

Le projet MISHY (2010-2014) a pour objectif le developpement de membranes de carbonitrure de silicium permselectives a l’hydrogene obtenues par CVD assiste par plasma micro-ondes (MO-PECVD). Le consortium de ce projet est compose d’Air Liquide, coordinateur du projet, leader mondial des gaz industriels, d’IREIS HEF groupe specialise dans le traitement de surface par PVD et PECVD, de CTI, PME produisant des les ceramiques industrielles en particulier pour les applications de traitement des gaz, et de l’IEM, Institut Europeen des Membranes, qui a mene les premieres etudes prospectives sur ce type de membrane [1]. Au cours de ce projet, differentes tâches ont ete realisees : - conception et mise au point de supports tubulaires ceramiques a porosite asymetrique ; - conception et realisation d’un reacteur de laboratoire permettant de deposer une couche mince par PECVD sur un support tubulaire mesoporeux ; - transfert des resultats precedemment obtenus sur des membranes laboratoires par PECVD a basse frequence (BF) ; - modelisation microstructurale et relation propriete-structure des depots BF-PECVD [2] ; - optimisation des parametres MO-PECVD (temperature du support, proportion des gaz reactifs, puissance electrique) pour obtenir une membrane a-SiCN:H permselective a l’hydrogene a l’echelle laboratoire ; - transfert a l’echelle industrielle dans un reacteur pre-industriel MO-PECVD ; - conception et realisation d’un module membranaire multi tubes ; - integration de ces membranes dans une unite de production de H2 par vaporeformage du methane et evaluation des gains potentiels. [1] W. Kafrouni, V. Rouessac, A. Julbe, J. Durand, J. Membr. Sci. 329 (2009) 130–137. [2] R. Coustel, M. Haacke, V. Rouessac, J. Durand, M. Drobek, A. Julbe, Microporous Mesoporous Mat. 191 (2014) 97-102.
Recovery Mechanisms and Relative Permeability for Gas/Oil Systems at Near-miscible Conditions: Effects of Immobile Water Saturation, Wettability, Hysteresis and Permeability (2012)

Abstract Near-miscible gas injection represents a number of processes of great importance to reservoir engineers including hydrocarbon gas injection and CO2 flood. Very little experimental data is available in the literature on displacements involving very low-IFT (interfacial tension). In this paper, we present the results of a series of two-phase and three-phase gas injection (drainage) and oil injection (imbibition) core flood experiments for an gas/oil system at near-miscible (IFT= 0.04 mN.m‒1) conditions. Two different cores; a high-permeability (1000 mD) and a lower permeability (65 mD) core were used in the experiments and both water-wet and mixed-wet conditions were examined. The results show that despite a very low gas-oil IFT, there is significant hysteresis between the imbibition and drainage oil and gas relative permeabilities (kr) curves in the 65mD core. Hysteresis was less for 1000mD core (compared to the 65 mD core) but it still could not be ignored. Near-miscible kr hysteresis was significant for both water-wet and mixed-wet systems. Presence of immobile water in the water-wet cores improved oil relative permeabilities but reduced gas relative permeabilities in both imbibition and drainage directions. As a result, oil recovery for gas injection experiments improved when the rock contained immobile water. Both oil and gas relative permeabilities reduced when the rock wettability was altered to mixed wet from water wet and as a result, oil recovery by gas injection in the mixed-wet rock was less than that obtained under water-wet conditions. We offer explanations for these observations based on our understanding of the pore-scale interactions and mechanisms, the distribution of fluid phases and their spreading bahaviour. The results help us better understand the impact of some of the important parameters pertinent to kr and its hysteresis especially in very low IFT gas-oil systems and mixed-wet rocks. Understanding these effects and behavior is important for improved prediction of the performance of gas injection and water-alternating gas (WAG) injection in oil reservoirs.
A new single-phase power component theory for powers in an electric power system (2005)

Many authors have identified the need to improve the definitions of non-active power under nonsinusoidal conditions. This paper proposes a solution where the total instantaneous power is decomposed into active and non-active components based closely on the power system properties. The new theory presented is an attempt to achieve this decomposition for the single-phase system. This theory is based on voltage and current harmonic components. The theory is evaluated, for linear and non-linear loads in the presence of harmonics. Evaluation of the results demonstrates good performance of the proposed theory. With the active/non-active power components obtained from the definitions of the theory, an accurate measurement, especially of the non-active power, is achieved. The non-active component can also be utilised to achieve optimal compensation.
DNA sequencing by MALDI-TOF MS using alkali cleavage of RNA/DNA chimeras (2007)

Approaches developed for sequencing DNA with detection by mass spectrometry use strategies that deviate from the Sanger-type methods. Procedures demonstrated so far used the sequence specificity of RNA endonucleases, as unfortunately equivalent enzymes for DNA do not exist and therefore require transcription of DNA into RNA prior to fragmentation. We have developed a novel, rapid and accurate concept for DNA sequencing using mass spectrometry and RNA/DNA chimeras and applied it to sequence mitochondrial DNA. Our method is based on the preparation of a chimeric RNA/DNA with a DNA polymerase that also incorporates ribonucleotides. Sequencing is carried out with one ribonucleotide (ATP, CTP or GTP) and the other three nucleotides in their deoxyribo-form. The product is treated with alkali, which cleaves 3' of all ribonucleotides to form a terminal 3' phosphate. Conditions have been streamlined so that molecular, biological and alkali cleavage conditions are compatible with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI) mass spectrometric analysis. Fragment analysis by MALDI MS provides a sequence-specific fingerprint, which allows the identification of differences between a reference and another sequence. Due to the mass profile, the position and kind of the mutation can be assigned. These differences between signatures are indicative of known, unidentified, rare and private mutations. This novel DNA sequencing protocol was applied to sequence the hypervariable region 1 (HV1) of mitochondrial DNA in 22 individuals.
Integration of photonic sensor array with GeSi photo-detectors for multiplexing detection (2010)

A approach of using high performance Ge photo-detectors (PD) integrated with Si waveguide based microresonators for multiplexing detection has been proposed. Simultaneous measurement of the resonance curves of sensor array using this approach has been demonstrated. The resonance peaks of integrated sensor array show good correlation (R2=0.9979) with that of normal resonator, proving the feasibility of this approach for multiplexed bio-sensing application.
RNA-based biomarker signatures in plasma as an independent predictor of outcome to chemotherapy in lung, colon, and breast cancers: Correlation of relative PD-L1 expression with immunotherapy outcomes. (2019)

e14567 Background: Levels of cell-free circulating RNA (cfRNA) in cancer patients (pts) indicate tumor gene expressions and thus may provide a means, not only of evaluating response, but also for monitoring and predicting outcome to therapy. Methods: Blood was drawn every 6-8 weeks from pts undergoing various treatments (tx). CfRNA was extracted from resulting plasma and generated random-primed cDNA. Total cfRNA was quantitated by qPCR of β-actin, and correlated with pts response (CR/PR/SD/PD) determined by CT scans. Changes in PD-L1 expression were used to monitor response to immunotherapy in lung cancer pts. 125 pts (50 lung, 51 breast, 24 colon) were enrolled. Among the three tumor types, a total of 84 pts completed 1-3 lines of tx with an average of 5 blood draws per pt. Results: Changes in total levels of cfRNA over time correlated with pts outcomes in all three tumor types and were independent of the specific therapies. Increasing (INC) levels of cfRNA were predictive of disease progression and decreasing (DEC) levels with benefit from therapy, with an overall concordance of 81% (68/84 pts). Changes in relative PD-L1 expression were associated with immunotherapy outcomes in lung cancer (INC associated with progression, DEC associated with benefit). Lung: There was a 79% (23/29) concordance between changes in cfRNA levels and pts response. Changes in relative PD-L1 expression were predictive of outcome to immunotherapy in 9/10 pts. Breast: There was an 83% (30/36) concordance between cfRNA levels and pts response. Colon: There was a 79% (15/19) concordance between cfRNA levels and pts response. Conclusions: A noteworthy concordance was observed between clinical response and changes in cfRNA levels in lung, breast and colon cancer pts, independent of chemotherapy regimen. Changes in relative PD-L1 gene expression correlated specifically with outcome to immunotherapy (90%). We conclude that changing cfRNA levels can indicate tx response, and PD- L1 could be used to monitor response to immunotherapy.
Lentiviral Gene Transfer is a Novel Strategy in Preventing Liver Fibrosis in LEC Rats Modeling Wilson Disease (2005)

Background & Aims: To establish an efficient gene therapy in Wilson disease, the Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat model was used. We hypothesized that lentiviral gene therapy would improve liver disease and copper excretion in Wilson disease. Cell therapy was compared to systemic gene transfer for their ability to prevent liver cirrhosis. Methods: LEC rats with and without partial hepatectomy were treated either by systemic delivery of lentiviral vectors or by intrasplenic transplantation of transduced LEC-rat hepatocytes. The magnitude of successful gene transfer was assessed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence analysis. The therapeutic effect was measured by liver histology, holoceruloplasmin ferroxidase activity in serum, and the copper content of liver and bile. Results: Expression of transgene was detected at different time-points post treatment and lasted for up to 24 weeks (end of experiment). Liver copper levels were lowered in all treatment groups compared to untreated LEC rats, with no significant differences between the different therapeutic approaches. At the age of 7 months the area of the examined liver-tissue sections occupied by cirrhosis ranged from approximately 48.3 to 57.9% in control LEC rats, to 10.7 to 19.8% in rats treated with cell therapy, to only fibrous septa in systemically treated rats. In conclusion these data indicate that systemic lentiviral gene therapy can reverse pathophysiological perturbations and prevent cirrhosis in a rat model of Wilson disease.