gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple-frequency SAW devices for chemical sensing and materials characterization (1991)

Abstract We have designed, tested, and demonstrated the use of two types of multiple-frequency surface acoustic wave (SAW) device for chemical detection and characterization of thin-film properties. These devices, both of which utilize ST-cut quartz substrates, allow the frequency dependence of SAW sensor perturbations to be examined, aiding in the elucidation of the operative interaction mechanism(s). A four-frequency device with nominal SAW center frequencies of 16, 40, 100, and 250 MHz is designed in such a way that all four sets of transducers probe a common region of a thin film deposited in the wave path. A seven-frequency SAW device is designed and fabricated with nominal Rayleigh-wave center frequencies ranging from 25 to 200 MHz in √2 multiples; each pair of transducers probes a distinct region of a thin film on the active area of the device. For the seven-frequency device, transducer periodicity, finger length, and center-to-center transducer separation all scale with the reciprocal of the center frequency. Measurements of the SAW response to the vacuum deposition of a thin nickel film show the expected frequency dependence of mass sensitivity and the acoustoelectric effect. Coating multifrequency devices with a thin polymer film allows the frequency-dependent changes in the viscoelastic properties of the polymer to be studied as a function of temperature and of the concentration of various organic solvents, which in turn provides a means for selective chemical detection of these compounds. By measuring changes in both wave velocity and attenuation at multiple frequencies, extrinsic perturbations such as temperature and pressure changes are readily differentiated from one another and from changes in surface mass and other perturbations.
Supplemental Tables 1-4 from Notch1 Mutations Are Drivers of Oral Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Tables 1-4. Supp. Table 1. A. List of all OSCC samples used in this study and clinical/pathological data. B. List of 22 matched tumor-normal pairs. Supp. Table 2. List of all normal samples used in this study and clinical/pathological data. Supp. Table 3. List of all oral leukoplakia samples used in this study and clinical/pathological data. Supp. Table 4. Summary of clinical characteristics for OSCC, leukoplakia and normal samples used in this study.&lt;/p&gt;
Versatile Auxiliary Classifier with Generative Adversarial Network (VAC+GAN) (2018)

One of the most interesting challenges in Artificial Intelligence is to train conditional generators which are able to provide labeled adversarial samples drawn from a specific distribution. In this work, a new framework is presented to train a deep conditional generator by placing a classifier in parallel with the discriminator and back propagate the classification error through the generator network. The method is versatile and is applicable to any variations of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) implementation, and also gives superior results compared to similar methods.
Joint Channel Estimation and Symbol Detection for Orthogonal Space-Time Block-Coding Systems in Frequency-Selective Channels (2007)

Orthogonal space-time block coding (OSTBC) in multiple-antenna wireless systems has recently emerged as one of the most promising reliability-enhancing technologies for high-speed, high-quality data services. In this paper, we propose a technique to achieve joint channel estimation and symbol detection for OSTBC in frequency-selective fading channels. The key observation is that a multiple-input-single-output system, which is using OSTBC, can be transformed into an equivalent single-input-multiple-output system using the implicit redundancy in OSTBC. This allows a probabilistic method, known as the Baum-Welch algorithm, to be applied at each output branch. As each output branch is a function of the same input, redundant information may be exchanged between the multiple branches to improve detection performance. The proposed technique does not require multiple antennas at the receiver and only has moderate computational complexity. Furthermore, the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRB) is also developed to facilitate performance analysis. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Interaction with ErbB4 Promotes Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1α Signaling (2012)

The receptor-tyrosine kinase ErbB4 was identified as a direct regulator of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) signaling. Cleaved intracellular domain of ErbB4 directly interacted with HIF-1α in the nucleus, and stabilized HIF-1α protein in both normoxic and hypoxic conditions by blocking its proteasomal degradation. The mechanism of HIF stabilization was independent of VHL and proline hydroxylation but dependent on RACK1. ErbB4 activity was necessary for efficient HRE-driven promoter activity, transcription of known HIF-1α target genes, and survival of mammary carcinoma cells in vitro. In addition, mammary epithelial specific targeting of Erbb4 in the mouse significantly reduced the amount of HIF-1α protein in vivo. ERBB4 expression also correlated with the expression of HIF-regulated genes in a series of 4552 human normal and cancer tissue samples. These data demonstrate that soluble ErbB4 intracellular domain promotes HIF-1α stability and signaling via a novel mechanism.
Monitoring the in Vitro Enzyme-Mediated Degradation of Degradable Poly(ester amide) for Controlled Drug Delivery by LC-ToF-MS (2011)

To scrutinize materials for specific biomedical applications, we need sensitive and selective analytical methods that can give more insight into the process of their biodegradation. In the present study, the enzymatic degradation of multiblock poly(ester amide) based on natural amino acids, such as lysine and leucine, was performed with serine proteases (α-chymotrypsin (α-CT) and proteinase K (PK)) in phosphate-buffered saline solution at 37 °C for 4 weeks. Fully and partially degraded water-soluble products were analyzed by liquid chromatography hyphenated with time-of-flight mass spectrometry using an electrospray interface (LC-ESI-ToF-MS). Tracking the release of monomeric and oligomeric products into the enzyme media during the course of enzymatic degradation revealed the preferences of α-CT and PK toward ester and amide bonds: both α-CT and PK showed esterase and amidase activity. Although within the experimental time frame up to 30 and 15% weight loss was observed in case of α-CT and PK, respectively, analysis by size exclusion chromatography showed no change in the characteristic molecular-weight averages of the remaining polymer. This suggests that the enzymatic degradation occurs at the surface of this biomaterial. A sustained and linear degradation over a period of 4 weeks supports the potential of this class of poly(ester amide)s for drug delivery applications.
Escherichia coli toxin/antitoxin pair MqsR/MqsA regulate toxin CspD (2010)

Previously we identified that the Escherichia coli protein MqsR (YgiU) functions as a toxin and that it is involved in the regulation of motility by quorum sensing signal autoinducer-2 (AI-2). Furthermore, MqsR is directly associated with biofilm development and is linked to the development of persister cells. Here we show that MqsR and MqsA (YgiT) are a toxin/antitoxin (TA) pair, which, in significant difference to other TA pairs, regulates additional loci besides its own. We have recently identified that MqsR functions as an RNase. However, using three sets of whole-transcriptome studies and two nickel-enrichment DNA binding microarrays coupled with cell survival studies in which MqsR was overproduced in isogenic mutants, we identified eight genes (cspD, clpX, clpP, lon, yfjZ, relB, relE and hokA) that are involved in a mode of MqsR toxicity in addition to its RNase activity. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that (i) the MqsR/MqsA complex (and MqsA alone) represses the toxin gene cspD, (ii) MqsR overproduction induces cspD, (iii) stress induces cspD, and (iv) stress fails to induce cspD when MqsR/MqsA are overproduced or when mqsRA is deleted. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays show that the MqsA/MqsR complex binds the promoter of cspD. In addition, proteases Lon and ClpXP are necessary for MqsR toxicity. Together, these results indicate the MqsR/MqsA complex represses cspD which may be derepressed by titrating MqsA with MqsR or by degrading MqsA via stress conditions through proteases Lon and ClpXP. Hence, we demonstrate that the MqsR/MqsA TA system controls cell physiology via its own toxicity as well as through its regulation of another toxin, CspD.
Molecular Signature of Nitroso–Redox Balance in Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathies (2015)

These findings highlight the importance of nitroso-redox signaling in both physiological and pathological conditions, suggesting a potential target to treat heart failure.
Germ Line-governed Recognition of a Cancer Epitope by an Immunodominant Human T-cell Receptor (2009)

CD8(+) T-cells specific for MART-1-(26-35), a dominant melanoma epitope restricted by human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A*0201, are exceptionally common in the naive T-cell repertoire. Remarkably, the TRAV12-2 gene is used to encode the T-cell receptor alpha (TCRalpha) chain in >87% of these T-cells. Here, the molecular basis for this genetic bias is revealed from the structural and thermodynamic properties of an archetypal TRAV12-2-encoded TCR complexed to the clinically relevant heteroclitic peptide, ELAGIGILTV, bound to HLA-A*0201 (A2-ELA). Unusually, the TRAV12-2 germ line-encoded regions of the TCR dominate the major atomic contacts with the peptide at the TCR/A2-ELA interface. This "innate" pattern of antigen recognition probably explains the unique characteristics and extraordinary frequencies of CD8(+) T-cell responses to this epitope.
Berry's phase and orbital angular momentum (2017)

In 1984 Berry showed that a quantum system evolving in a cyclic and adiabatic way acquires in addition to the dynamic phase also a phase which of geometric nature, depending on the path on the parameter space [1]. This geometric phase, also named Berry's phase, can be generalized to non-adiabatic situations [2] and presents some classical analogues, as in the case of the motion of a Foucault pendulum [3].
Assessing chromosome 22 microdeletions in meningioma with new polymorphic DNA markers. (1999)

In an approach to identify new candidates for tumor related genes, a set of established and new polymorphic DNA markers (simple sequence repeats) was used in menigioma samples to test for deletions within human chromosome 22. For this purpose, cytogenetically well characterized tumors were applied and those with monosomy #22 were omitted; only disomic material was analyzed. When comparing DNA from peripheral blood and tumor tissues using markers spaced throughout the long arm (22q) no allelic loss was observed indicating that, in disomic samples, deletions are present as microdeletions undetectable by the marker spacing chosen in this study, or that they do not occur frequently.
Improved SiGr/NCM523 Cycling via Triethyl Phosphate-Solubilized Lithium Nitrate Electrolyte (2023)

The performance of silicon–graphite (SiGr)/Li and SiGr/LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) cells was investigated in electrolytes containing lithium difluoro(oxalato)borate (LiDFOB) and lithium nitrate (LiNO3) in ethylene carbonate (EC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), and different proportions of triethyl phosphate (TEP). While the LiDFOB and LiNO3-containing electrolytes both showed improved cycling stability over industry standards, the 10% TEP electrolyte demonstrated the best capacity retention in SiGr/Li cells and the best overall cycling performance in SiGr/NCM523 cells. Ex-situ surface analysis reveals that the LiDFOB and LiNO3 preferentially decompose on both the anode and cathode surface during the first cycle to generate films consisting of oxalates, fluoroborates, and nitrate reduction products. Therefore, incorporation of two different film-forming additives into the electrolyte is significantly more beneficial in formation of a robust SEI and improved cycle life in silicon-containing anodes.
Plasma proteins as prognostic biomarkers in radiotherapy treated head and neck cancer patients (2017)

The identified plasma profile potentially reflects an activated immune response in a subgroup of the p16 positive patients.
Carbonic anhydrase XII is a marker of good prognosis in invasive breast carcinoma (2003)

Hypoxia and pH influence gene expression in tumours, and it is becoming increasingly clear that the pattern of genes expressed by a tumour determines its growth and survival characteristics. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a key mediator of the cellular response to hypoxia and high HIF-1 expression has been identified as a poor prognostic factor in tumours. Recently, we identified the tumour-associated carbonic anhydrases (CA), CA9 and CA12 as hypoxia-inducible in tumour cell lines. Furthermore, we identified CA IX to be a poor prognostic factor in breast cancer. The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic significance of CA XII. CA XII expression was studied by immunohistochemistry in a series of 103 cases of invasive breast cancer and any association with recognised prognostic factors or relation with the outcome was examined. CA XII expression was present in 77 out of 103 (75%) cases and was associated with lower grade (P=0.001), positive estrogen receptor status (P<0.001), and negative epidermal growth factor receptor status (P<0.001). Furthermore, although CA XII expression was associated with an absence of necrosis (P<0.001), expression of CA XII in some high-grade tumours was induced in regions directly adjacent to morphological necrosis. Additionally, using univariate analysis, CA XII positive tumours were associated with a lower relapse rate (P=0.04) and a better overall survival (P=0.01). In conclusion, CA XII expression is influenced both by factors related to differentiation and hypoxia in breast cancer in vivo and CA XII expression is associated with a better prognosis in an unselected series of invasive breast carcinoma patients.
Flow-oriented synthetic design in the continuous preparation of the aryl piperazine drug flibanserin (2019)

The first integrated continuous-flow synthesis of the drug substance flibanserin was developed, using an uninterrupted four-step sequence,<italic>via</italic>an unprecedented route.
Effects of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube Surface Modification and Purification on Bovine Serum Albumin Binding and Biological Responses (2016)

The potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications such as drug delivery of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are being increasingly explored due to their unique mechanical, chemical and biological properties. Carboxylation of MWCNTs has been widely used to improve the solubility in aqueous systems, and for further functionalization with biologically active moieties. Purity of carboxylated MWCNTs is of great importance in nanomedicine. An important consideration is that oxidation debris is generated during the process of carboxylation, which can be removed by base washing. We hypothesized that surface modification as well as further purification by debris removal may alter physicochemical properties of MWCNTs and their ability to bind proteins. In this study, we utilized pristine MWCNT carboxylated MWCNTs (F-MWCNTs) and base-washed carboxylated MWCNTs (BW-F-MWCNTs) to examine formation of a bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein corona and impact on biological responses. We found that carboxylation increased the capability of F-MWCNTs to bind BSA, and base washing further increased this binding by 41% implying that purification of F-MWCNTs is an important consideration in biological applications. The BSA protein corona decreased the hydrodynamic size of MWCNTs by nearly 50% because the coating improved colloidal behavior. The effect was significantly less pronounced for F-MWCNTs and BW-F-MWCNTs because they were highly dispersible to begin with. Functionalization increased cellular uptake by both rat aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) and macrophage-like murine cells (RAW264.7), while base washing showed results similar to the functionalized analog. Interestingly, BSA binding downregulated mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and heme oxygenase 1 (Hmox1) in RAEC cells but upregulated the expression of IL-6 and Hmox1 in RAW264.7 cells, indicating the dependence of cell types in biological responses to MWCNTs. Overall, our study demonstrated that surface modification as well as further purification impacted the interaction of MWCNTs with proteins and subsequent cellular responses. Interestingly, while the corona associated with the F-MWCNTs and BW-F-MWCNTs were significantly different, their respective cellular uptake and biological responses were similar. This implied that surface functionalization played a more important role than surface corona.
Withdrawal: Fhit interaction with ferredoxin reductase triggers generation of reactive oxygen species and apoptosis of cancer cells. (2017)

Fhit Interaction with Ferredoxin Reductase Triggers Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Apoptosis of Cancer CellsJournal of Biological ChemistryVol. 283Issue 20PreviewFhit protein is lost in most cancers, its restoration suppresses tumorigenicity, and virus-mediated FHIT gene therapy induces apoptosis and suppresses tumors in preclinical models. We have used protein cross-linking and proteomics methods to characterize a Fhit protein complex involved in triggering Fhit-mediated apoptosis. The complex includes Hsp60 and Hsp10 that mediate Fhit stability and may affect import into mitochondria, where it interacts with ferredoxin reductase, responsible for transferring electrons from NADPH to cytochrome P450 via ferredoxin. Full-Text PDF Open Access VOLUME 283 (2008) PAGES 13736–13744 This article has been withdrawn by the authors because of errors that occurred in the construction of Figs. 1D, 3C, 5C, and 5H, and supplemental Fig. 1A have been brought to their attention. The authors state that the errors do not affect the conclusions of the article, which have been confirmed in subsequent articles.
Electronic Shift for Automatic Transmissions (ESAT) (1990)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The object of this paper titled “Electronic Shift for Automatic Transmissions” (ESAT), is to describe the latest developments in remote vehicle shifting systems or shift-by-wire for passenger vehicles and light trucks. Also, included in this paper is a description of the system, hardware and software development, testing and vehicle installations.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The ESAT system, with its 2 or 3 module concept, provides packaging flexibility and offers the interior designer complete freedom for ergonomic styling. The system prevents the occurrence of shift linkage “PRNDL” misalignment in that it is pre-adjusted. It also improves transmission reliability by providing enhanced features such as; ‘automatic cycle to park’, ‘shift lock’, and ‘speed lockouts’.&lt;/div&gt;
Molecular and structural characterization of the SH3 domain of AHI‐1 in regulation of cellular resistance of BCR‐ABL+ chronic myeloid leukemia cells to tyrosine kinase inhibitors (2012)

ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy induces clinical remission in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) patients but early relapses and later emergence of TKI-resistant disease remain problematic. We recently demonstrated that the AHI-1 oncogene physically interacts with BCR-ABL and JAK2 and mediates cellular resistance to TKI in CML stem/progenitor cells. We now show that deletion of the SH3 domain of AHI-1 significantly enhances apoptotic response of BCR-ABL(+) cells to TKIs compared to cells expressing full-length AHI-1. We have also discovered a novel interaction between AHI-1 and Dynamin-2, a GTPase, through the AHI-1 SH3 domain. The crystal structure of the AHI-1 SH3 domain at 1.53-Å resolution reveals that it adopts canonical SH3 folding, with the exception of an unusual C-terminal α helix. PD1R peptide, known to interact with the PI3K SH3 domain, was used to model the binding pattern between the AHI-1 SH3 domain and its ligands. These studies showed that an "Arg-Arg-Trp" stack may form within the binding interface, providing a potential target site for designing specific drugs. The crystal structure of the AHI-1 SH3 domain thus provides a valuable tool for identification of key interaction sites in regulation of drug resistance and for the development of small molecule inhibitors for CML.
Progress Toward a Large-Scale Synthesis of Molnupiravir (MK-4482, EIDD-2801) from Cytidine (2021)

Molnupiravir (MK-4482, EIDD-2801) is a promising orally bioavailable drug candidate for the treatment of COVID-19. Herein, we describe a supply-centered and chromatography-free synthesis of molnupiravir from cytidine, consisting of two steps: a selective enzymatic acylation followed by transamination to yield the final drug product. Both steps have been successfully performed on a decagram scale: the first step at 200 g and the second step at 80 g. Overall, molnupiravir has been obtained in a 41% overall isolated yield compared to a maximum 17% isolated yield in the patented route. This route provides many advantages to the initial route described in the patent literature and would decrease the cost of this pharmaceutical should it prove safe and efficacious in ongoing clinical trials.
Controversies in computed tomography of the thorax. The pulmonary nodule--lung cancer staging. (1985)

In this article, the role of CT in the evaluation of pulmonary nodules and lung cancer staging is reviewed. Points of controversy are specifically addressed. Whenever possible, a practical approach based on current knowledge is suggested.
A Fast, Autonomous, Bipedal Walking Behavior over Rapid Regions (2022)

In trying to build humanoid robots that perform useful tasks in a world built for humans, we address the problem of autonomous locomotion. Humanoid robot planning and control algorithms for walking over rough terrain are becoming increasingly capable. At the same time, commercially available depth cameras have been getting more accurate and GPU computing has become a primary tool in AI research. In this paper, we present a newly constructed behavior control system for achieving fast, autonomous, bipedal walking, without pauses or deliberation. We achieve this using a recently published rapidly updating planar regions perception algorithm, a height map based body path planner, an A* footstep planner, and a momentum-based walking controller. We put these elements together to form a behavior control system supported by modern software development practices and simulation tools.
Current weakening control of coreless AFPM motor drives for solar race cars with a three-port bi-directional DC/DC converter (2017)

Solar race cars require compact components operating at high efficiency. This paper proposes the use of a coreless axial flux permanent magnet machine, which has the attributes of low stator mass, negligible core loss and virtually zero cogging torque, as the propulsion motor. A three-phase inverter with its dc bus fed from a three-port DC/DC converter, which accepts inputs from a solar panel and battery powers the propulsion motor. Galium nitride (GaN) devices are used in the three-port converter, allowing very high switching frequencies thereby reducing the size of the transformer which provides galvanic isolation between the two sources and output. The three-port converter ensures operation of the solar panel at its maximum power point and also allows bi-directional power flow between the propulsion motor and battery depending on operating conditions. Operation over a wide range of speeds, which is required by the solar race car application, is achieved by the new approach of current weakening. This method involves raising the dc bus voltage of the motor side inverter at speeds exceeding the rated.