gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithium Transport in High-Capacity Encapsulated Silicon-Vacnt Electrodes (2016)

Si-based anodes are being explored for use in advanced lithium ion batteries due to their capacity and energy density, which exceeds that of current graphite anodes. However, there are several important factors that influence and often limit the cycling performance of these electrodes including large silicon volume changes and extensive SEI formation. Nanostructured electrodes have been shown to effectively reduce the negative impact of volume expansion; however, the use of nanostructures can greatly increase the electrode/electrolyte surface area and lead to greater SEI formation. Consequently, several strategies have been developed to reduce the area available for SEI formation while maintaining the benefits of a nanostructured material. In this study, we use silicon-coated vertically aligned carbon nanotube (Si-VACNT) electrodes to examine the role of Li transport in a system where encapsulation has been used to reduce the surface area of the nanostructured electrode that is exposed to the electrolyte. This system is ideal for studying the impact of an electrolyte-blocking layer due to its well-defined geometry and high aspect ratio. Since transport plays an essential role in the cycling performance of these electrodes, it is desirable to understand the factors that govern the transport of Li into and out of the silicon anode in the absence of electrolyte. Two different transport directions and length scales are relevant—1) radial transport of Li in/out of each silicon-coated nanotube (~50nm diameter) and 2) lithium transport along the length of the nanotubes (~100 micron height). Experimental results indicate that the height of the Si-VACNT electrodes does not appear to limit Li transport, even though that height was orders of magnitude greater than the diameter of the tubes. This result has important implications for a variety of encapsulation strategies. Additional tests were performed to characterize transport in the radial direction, which appeared to be a limiting factor. These tests included GITT (galvanostatic intermittent titration technique) measurements and EIS measurements on differently sized electrodes at different conditions. Hysteresis was also examined. Finally, a model was developed to help explain the experimental observations.
Progestin therapy for endometrial cancer: The potential of fourth-generation progestin (Review) (2012)

Progestin preparations are made of synthetic progesterone and have often been used for hormone therapy in gynecological patients with endometriosis or endometrial cancer. Hormone therapy using progestin is considered to be one of the effective means of treatment particularly when dealing with endometrial cancer (an estrogen-dependent tumor). Numerous reports have been published concerning its efficacy in advanced or recurrent cases of atypical endometrial hyperplasia or endometrial cancer. Dienogest has been developed as a fourth-generation progestin for hormone therapy for endometriosis that can be used with high safety for long periods of time. In Japan, dienogest has been recommended as a first-line drug for endometriosis-associated pain. However, its antitumor activity has also been attracting close attention following a report that this drug suppressed the proliferation in vitro of endometrial cancer-derived cell lines which failed to respond to other progestins such as medroxyprogesterine acetate (MPA). The mechanism for antitumor activity of dienogest is considered to differ from the mechanism for antitumor activity of conventional progestin preparations used for treatment of endometrial cancer. This drug is expected to be clinically applicable as a new drug for the treatment of endometrial cancer.
The Magnaporthe grisea class VII chitin synthase is required for normal appressorial development and function (2009)

The plant pathogenic fungus Magnaporthe grisea is able to enter its host via appressorium-mediated penetration. Earlier investigations have shown that these infection structures are rich in the cell wall polysaccharide chitin. Previously, we have described how the transcription of a class VII chitin synthase-encoding gene CHS7 is completely dependent on the putative transcription factor Con7p during the germination of conidia, and how con7(-) mutants are unable to form appressoria under any conditions tested. Because of the pleiotropic effects of the con7(-) mutation, we examined the consequences of the targeted deletion of CHS7. The chs7(-) mutants generated were unable to form appressoria on artificial surfaces, except following the application of the exogenous inducers 1,16-hexadecanediol and cyclic adenosine monophosphate. The appressoria formed had a reduced chitin content and were often found to be smaller and misshapen compared with the wild-type. chs7(-) mutants were significantly reduced in their ability to enter rice plants, but growth in planta was not affected. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that CHS7 transcription was strongly induced on germination of spores, and a green fluorescent protein-tagged Chs7p protein was found to be produced abundantly during infection-related morphogenesis. Together, these data suggest that the class VII chitin synthase Chs7p of M. grisea is required for normal appressorium formation and function.
Approaches to enable patterning of tight pitches towards high NA EUV (2022)

Extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has been used for mass production for several years. Now the resolution limit of current 0.33 NA single exposure has been approaching. To enhance the resolution limit, high NA exposure tool has been developing. At the limit, not only the stochastic failures1, but also patterning trade-off has been becoming challenging. In this paper, to overcome the patterning trade-off of LS and CH, several approaches were demonstrated for both CAR and MOR. As for chemically amplified resist (CAR), to overcome the patterning trade-off of line and space, two different approaches were demonstrated. One was a developer rinse process optimization, and the other was a top deposition treatment during etching process. By using the two approaches, pitch 24 nm LS patterns were successfully transferred. As to CAR CH patterning, a new shrink technique during etch process was successfully tested for sub 15 nm hole patterning. No missing hole detected at 12 nm hole size by voltage contrast metrology. For tighter nodes, spin-on metal oxide resist (MOR) have been considering to be used because it offers a series of advantages. It has high sensitivity and resolution because of its high photon absorption and simple reaction mechanism. It also inherently has a higher etch resistance which enables resist thickness thinner and collapse margin higher. Spin-on process of MOR is expect to contribute high productivity which is essential for high volume manufacturing (HVM). Because defect reduction is one of the key points to enable MOR process for HVM, continuous investigation of defect mitigation has been done. For pitch 32 nm LS, the mitigation was confirmed by fine optimization with the combination of the etch process and the implementation of new under layers. As to pitch 28nm line and space, optimized illumination gave better defect process windows. Moreover, a new wet developer process was successfully proposed to prevent pitch 36 nm hexagonal pillars collapse during wet development with 25% higher EUV sensitivity.
Supplementary Tables from Mesothelin-Targeted Thorium-227 Conjugate (MSLN-TTC): Preclinical Evaluation of a New Targeted Alpha Therapy for Mesothelin-Positive Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The file contains Supporting Tables.&lt;/p&gt;
Factor H-Binding Protein Is Important for Meningococcal Survival in Human Whole Blood and Serum and in the Presence of the Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 (2008)

Factor H-binding protein (fHBP; GNA1870) is one of the antigens of the recombinant vaccine against serogroup B Neisseria meningitidis, which has been developed using reverse vaccinology and is the basis of a meningococcal B vaccine entering phase III clinical trials. Binding of factor H (fH), an inhibitor of the complement alternative pathway, to fHBP enables N. meningitidis to evade killing by the innate immune system. All fHBP null mutant strains analyzed were sensitive to killing in ex vivo human whole blood and serum models of meningococcal bacteremia with respect to the isogenic wild-type strains. The fHBP mutant strains of MC58 and BZ83 (high fHBP expressors) survived in human blood and serum for less than 60 min (decrease of >2 log(10) CFU), while NZ98/254 (intermediate fHBP expressor) and 67/00 (low fHBP expressor) showed decreases of >1 log(10) CFU after 60 to 120 min of incubation. In addition, fHBP is important for survival in the presence of the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 (decrease of >3 log(10) CFU after 2 h of incubation), most likely due to electrostatic interactions between fHBP and the cationic LL-37 molecule. Hence, the expression of fHBP by N. meningitidis strains is important for survival in human blood and human serum and in the presence of LL-37, even at low levels. The functional significance of fHBP in mediating resistance to the human immune response, in addition to its widespread distribution and its ability to induce bactericidal antibodies, indicates that it is an important component of the serogroup B meningococcal vaccine.
A case of "retained products of conception" treated with hysteroscopic surgery occurring after cesarean delivery in a patient who underwent fertility-preserving therapy for endometrial cancer (2020)

A 37-year old woman was diagnosed as early-stage endometrial cancer (G1 endometrioid carcinoma) during infertility treatment. The patient desired fertility preservation, and underwent fertility-preserving hormonal therapy. She became pregnant after successful cancer treatment and underwent cesarean section for breech presentation. During the surgery, it was observed that the placenta had adhered to the uterine wall, and it was removed manually. A postoperative examination revealed an intrauterine mass, which was diagnosed as retained products of conception (RPOC). Because active bleeding was not observed, conservative management was initiated. However, the lesion did not resolve. Therefore, we performed hysteroscopic surgery and endometrial curettage to evaluate the recurrence of endometrial cancer. A 2-cm white polypoid lesion was discovered in the uterus, and it was excised using a loop electrode. The resected margin was ischemic with little bleeding. The resected polypoid lesions were pathologically diagnosed as necrotic hyaline tissue, whereas that of the endometrial curettage lesion was endometrial hyperplasia. To determine the method and timing of treatment for RPOC, it is necessary to consider the presence or absence of active bleeding and individual characteristics of patients such as a history of endometrial cancer.
Phase II Clinical Evaluation of SP-304, a Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonist, for Treatment of Chronic Constipation (2010)

Purpose: Uroguanylin (UG) and guanylin (GN) are physiological agonists of guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) receptors. Activation of GC-C receptor promotes intracellular synthesis of cGMP and subsequent activation of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), resulting in fluid and bicarbonate secretion into the intestinal lumen. Optimum volume of fluid secretion in the proximal intestine is critical for normal bowel movement and for complete defecation. Thus, oral treatment with a GC-C agonist is expected to promote spontaneous bowel movement (SBM) and to reduce abdominal pain and bloating. SP-304 is a superior analog of UG that appears to mimic physiological functions of UG in the GI tract. In T84 cell assays, SP-304 exhibits an 8-fold higher binding affinity to GC-C receptors than UG. The present trial is designed to evaluate efficacy and safety in chronic constipation (CC) patients. Methods: This phase II clinical study (double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized with cohorts of 0.3, 1, 3 and 9 mg repeated daily dose for 14-days) in CC patients has completed enrollment and dosing of the first 2 of 4 cohorts. CC patients are being evaluated primarily for safety and efficacy of SP-304. Bowel habits (stool frequency, consistency, straining, time to first BM and completeness of evacuation) and degree of abdominal discomfort were monitored daily using patient diary. Patient reported outcomes of severity of constipation and overall relief were evaluated weekly. Results: A total of 14 sites open in the U.S. are presently evaluating SP-304 in CC patients. Total enrollment for the study is 80 patients. At present, 40 patients have been dosed, and the 1.0 mg and 3.0 mg dosage arms have been completed. Patients are currently being dosed at 9 mg. We recently added a fourth dosage arm of 0.3 mg to the study. To date, no unexpected safety issues have been reported and based on the blinded review some patients in each cohort are experiencing improvements in bowel function. Phase II clinical data will be discussed to highlight pharmacodynamic and safety profile of SP-304 in CC patients. Conclusion: GC-C agonists are rapidly emerging as a new class of drug candidates to treat GI disorders. UG and Escherichia coli heat-stable (ST) toxins bind to a common GC-C receptor to stimulate fluid secretion in the gut. The present study demonstrates that SP-304 possesses a similar clinical profile as other GC-C agonists, based on the early clinical observations. Complete phase II clinical data on safety & efficacy in CC patients will be discussed. Disclosure: Dr Shailubhai-Employee Dr Talluto-Employee Dr Steve Comiskey-Employee Dr John Foss-Employee Dr Alan Joslyn-consultant Dr Gary Jacob-Employee.
An automated method for discriminating aneugen‐ vs. clastogen‐induced micronuclei (1998)

A flow cytometric (FCM) procedure for quantitating micronucleated reticulocytes in mouse peripheral blood samples was evaluated for its ability to discriminate between aneugen- and clastogen-induced micronuclei (MN). In this experiment, BALB/c mice were injected with 0.9% saline, the model clastogen methyl methanesulfonate (100 mg/kg bw) or the aneugen vincristine (0.2 mg/kg bw). Peripheral blood samples were collected 48 hr after injection and were subsequently fixed and stained for flow cytometric analysis. The staining method utilized FITC-conjugated anti-CD71 to differentially label reticulocytes, and the nucleic acid dye propidium iodide to resolve erythrocyte populations with and without micronuclei. The frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes was determined by analyzing 10,000 total reticulocytes per blood sample. A second analysis was performed on each sample whereby the propidium iodide associated fluorescent signals of 250 MN were collected and graphed as a single-parameter histogram. The histogram statistic “median channel” was recorded for each sample and provided a quantitative description of MN distribution according to DNA content. Cumulatively, the results of this study suggest that 1) flow cytometry can be employed to measure the incidence of MN resulting from clastogenic or aneugenic activity, and 2) MN resulting from aneugenscan be discriminated from those arising spontaneously or from clastogen treatment based on flow cytometric analysis of DNA content. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 31:340–344, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Grating Design for 3-D Interconnections of Waveguides in Overlaid Chips Using the RCWA-EIS Method (2016)

The rigorous coupled-wave analysis – equivalent-index-slab (RCWA-EIS) method is used to determine the diffraction efficiencies of gratings for 3-D coupling between overlaid chips. The simulation results are validated by FDTD calculations.
False Discovery Controlled Metabolite Annotation of Imaging Mass Spectrometry Data (2017)

In this protocol we explain how to perform false discovery rate controlled metabolite annotation of data acquired with high-resolving-power imaging mass spectrometry. This translates the spectral data into biological annotations for further analysis.
Interleukin 17 (2000)

Since the first sequence of Interleukin (IL)-17 was published in 1993 [1], very little data have accumulated concerning its potential role in diseases. In vitro and in vivo studies suggest a proinflammatory function for this Interleukin but no data firmly establishes the status of IL-17 as the molecule to target in order to control the inflammatory response. The scope of this chapter is therefore a panoramic view of the pathologies where IL-17 appears to be involved.
2.4.1 Mesoporous TiO2 Sensitive Films for Love Wave Humidity Detection: Origins of Stress Release Induced by Sorption (2012)

Mesoporous titania-coated acoustic humidity sensors show strongly non-linear responses at high exposure, not fully explained by water condensation. Three possible sources of stresses that alter the film mechanical behavior have been considered in this work: increased swelling, unreleased sol-gel stress, and capillary contraction. If the latter is linked to the film porous nature and cannot be avoided, the two other are mainly side effects of the specific fabrication process developed for the deposition of mesoporous oxides on quartz piezoelectric substrates: partial crystallization and a large pore size distribution.
On the Suitability of $L_p$-norms for Creating and Preventing\n Adversarial Examples (2018)

Much research effort has been devoted to better understanding adversarial\nexamples, which are specially crafted inputs to machine-learning models that\nare perceptually similar to benign inputs, but are classified differently\n(i.e., misclassified). Both algorithms that create adversarial examples and\nstrategies for defending against them typically use $L_p$-norms to measure the\nperceptual similarity between an adversarial input and its benign original.\nPrior work has already shown, however, that two images need not be close to\neach other as measured by an $L_p$-norm to be perceptually similar. In this\nwork, we show that nearness according to an $L_p$-norm is not just unnecessary\nfor perceptual similarity, but is also insufficient. Specifically, focusing on\ndatasets (CIFAR10 and MNIST), $L_p$-norms, and thresholds used in prior work,\nwe show through online user studies that "adversarial examples" that are closer\nto their benign counterparts than required by commonly used $L_p$-norm\nthresholds can nevertheless be perceptually different to humans from the\ncorresponding benign examples. Namely, the perceptual distance between two\nimages that are "near" each other according to an $L_p$-norm can be high enough\nthat participants frequently classify the two images as representing different\nobjects or digits. Combined with prior work, we thus demonstrate that nearness\nof inputs as measured by $L_p$-norms is neither necessary nor sufficient for\nperceptual similarity, which has implications for both creating and defending\nagainst adversarial examples. We propose and discuss alternative similarity\nmetrics to stimulate future research in the area.\n
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of the Herbicidins. Reactivity of Silyl Enol Ethers Derived from Simple and Carbohydrate‐Based Tetrahydropyrans. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and analysis of quasi-optical THz time domain imaging systems (2008)

A THz time domain imaging system is optimized and analyzed with ZEMAX. The requirements to the optical design of time domain imaging systems in the THz spectral region are deduced. A system is presented, which is diffraction-limited for wavelengths down to 838 &mu;m and field points up to &plusmn;4 mm. In the optical system a 90&deg; off-axis parabolic mirror is combined with an aspheric plastic lens. The lens was made from ZEONEX E48R&reg;, and it was manufactured by ultraprecision machining. A resolution test of the system shows that on time domain analysis of the pulse maximum on-axis 1 LP/mm can be resolved with an intensity contrast of 0.22. The resolution of the outermost field point is 0.67 LP/mm with an intensity contrast of 0.23. An outlook of an optimized system for imaging a field of &plusmn;10 mm in x- and y-direction is given.
Susceptibility ofMicrosporumandTrichophytonspecies to suicide inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis (1988)

DFMO (difluoromethylornithine) and DFMA (difluoromethylarginine), irreversible suicide inhibitors of ornithine and arginine decarboxylase activities (ODC and ADC) respectively, inhibit the growth of six species of Microsporum and six species of Trichophyton. Trichophyton species in general, are more sensitive than Microsporum species. DFMA inhibits growth as effectively as DFMO but at a 10-fold lower concentration. Inhibition is specific, as a number of substrates and end products of ODC and ADC activities antagonize DFMA and DFMO (i.e. ornithine greater than putrescine = spermidine greater than agmatine). The methylester analogue of ornithine, MFMOme (monofluormethyldehydroornithine methylester) is at least a 25-fold more effective inhibitor than DFMO; the inhibition is specific as it is reversed by ornithine.
Multigate SOI MOSFETs: Accumulation-mode vs. enhancement-mode (2008)

The performances of accumulation-mode and inversion-mode multigate FETs are compared. Both simulation and experimental data are presented. Accumulation-mode devices have a higher current drive and less process variability than inversion-mode FETs.
Study on High-Isolation SAW Duplexer with On-Chip SAW Compensation Circuit Optimized for Isolated Multiple Frequency Bands (2018)

High isolation surface acoustic wave (SAW)duplexer and bulk acoustic wave (BAW)duplexers are in high demand. To satisfy the requirements, we have developed a method of isolation improvement at multiple isolated frequency bands in an RF SAW duplexer. These duplexers have leakage signal paths between terminals due to stray elements. By fixing the leakage using an on-chip compensation path with proper phase and amplitude, high isolation can be achieved at an arbitrary frequency. We analyzed this concept in detail for a long-term-evolution (LTE)Band-I SAW duplexer for transmitter (Tx)and receiver (Rx)band isolation. Results showed that an around 10-dB improvement of isolation in both of Tx and Rx bands were obtained without sacrificing other properties.
Does the introduction of sentinel node biopsy increase the number of node positive patients with early breast cancer? A population based study form the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group (2008)

The frequency of patients with metastases increased significantly in counties where sentinel lymph node biopsy was implemented.
Soundsense: Sonifying pryroelectric sensor data for an interactive media event (2005)

Collaborations between artists, engineers, and scientists often occur when creating new media works. These interdisciplinary efforts must overcome the ideals and practical-limitations inherent in both artistic and research pursuits. In turn, successful projects may truly be greater than the sum of their parts, enabling each collaborator to gain insight into their own work. soundSense, a cooperative effort between engineers, composers, and other specialists, sonifies pyroelectic sensor data to create a novel interactive-media event. Signals generated by multiplexing pyroelectric detectors inform datadriven audio and visual displays articulating ‐ in real-time ‐ the presence and motion of individuals within the sensed space.