gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Axonal loss in multiple sclerosis lesions: Magnetic resonance imaging insights into substrates of disability (1999)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) monitoring of disease progression in multiple sclerosis is limited by the lack of correlation of abnormalities seen on T2-weighted imaging, and disability. We studied the histopathology of multiple sclerosis lesions, as depicted by MRI, in a large postmortem sample, focusing on axonal loss. Tissue samples from 17 patients were selected immediately postmortem for histopathological analysis on the basis of T2-weighted imaging, including normal appearing white matter and T1 hypointense lesions. In each region, we measured magnetization transfer ratios (MTR), T1 contrast ratio, myelin, and axonal density. T2 lesions (109 samples) were heterogeneous with regard to MRI appearance on T1 and MTR, whereas axonal density ranged from 0% (no residual axons) to 100% (normal axonal density). Of 64 T2 lesions, 17 were reactive (mild perivascular inflammation only), 21 active, 15 chronically active, and 11 chronically inactive. MTR and T1 contrast ratio correlated strongly with axonal density. Also in normal appearing white matter (24 samples), MTR correlated with axonal density. In conclusion, postmortem tissue sampling by using MRI revealed a range of pathology, illustrating the high sensitivity and low specificity of T2-weighted imaging. T1 hypointensity and MTR were strongly associated with axonal density, emphasizing their role in monitoring progression in multiple sclerosis.
Esterasas de "Lactobacillus plantarum" utilizables en la elaboración de alimentos (2014)

[ES] Los ésteres son compuestos aromáticos presentes en los alimentos. A pesar de encontrarse en&#13;\nbajas concentraciones, los ésteres son muy importantes en el perfil aromático de los alimentos.&#13;\nLas esterasas son las enzimas encargadas de catalizar las reacciones tanto de hidrólisis como de&#13;\nsíntesis de los ésteres en función de las condiciones de reacción. En este trabajo se presenta un&#13;\nresumen actualizado del conocimiento de estas enzimas en Lactobacillus plantarum, cultivo&#13;\niniciador modelo en la fermentación de alimentos vegetales. Las propiedades bioquímicas&#13;\nespecíficas presentadas por las esterasas identificadas permite la disponibilidad de variadas&#13;\nenzimas con alto potencial biotecnológico y comercial, que se pueden utilizar en la elaboración&#13;\nde aditivos alimentarios o alimentos con características sensoriales mejoradas.
Novel reconfigurable 8 - shape PIFA antenna using PIN diode (2011)

A frequency reconfigurable Planar Inverted-F Antenna (RPIFA) antenna is proposed. From an initial 8-shape patch antenna by connecting or disconnecting one or more PIN diode, ten different structures are obtained. Corresponding to ten different geometries such as I-shape patch, U-shape patch, E-shape patch, etc, the antenna can be tuned in two frequency bands from 2GHz to 3GHz and from 4GHz to 7GHz. The novel RPIFA antenna is designed and optimized using Genetic Algorithm (GA) and then it is implemented on FR4 substrate. The simulation and measurement results of antenna parameters are compared to show the performance of the developed antenna.
Abstract PR002: Cytokines surge in the blood years prior to a cancer diagnosis in elderly individuals (2023)

Abstract How the human immune system reacts prior to a cancer diagnosis is largely unknown. Here we analyze a longitudinal cohort of 133 healthy individuals (18 to over 90 years old), 28 of whom developed cancers over nine years. We find the global abundance of a broad spectrum of cytokines (26 out of 32 assayed) surges 2-3 years before cancer diagnosis but not with other conditions (such as inflammatory or cardiovascular diseases). These cytokine surges precede cancer diagnosis only in those 80 years or older, suggesting age-specific inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, in early-stage (but not late-stage) tissues across 10 cancer types, aging elevates cytokine transcriptional activity, which coincides with an age-dependent expansion of the inflammatory macrophage population. We further find that macrophage is a major producer of cytokines in cancer tissues, irrespective of cancer types. These results suggest that cancer associated macrophage is a major source of peripheral inflammatory molecules and may mobilize immunity well before a clinical diagnosis in the elderly. Citation Format: Guangbo Chen, Hong Zheng, Yael Rosenberg-Hasson, Saron Araya, Cindy Padilla, Kavita Sarin, Cornelia L. Dekker, Philip Grant, Holden T. Maecker, David Furman, Shai Shen-Orr, Purvesh Khatri, Mark M. Davis. Cytokines surge in the blood years prior to a cancer diagnosis in elderly individuals [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Aging and Cancer; 2022 Nov 17-20; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;83(2 Suppl_1):Abstract nr PR002.
Structural Basis of DNA Quadruplex Recognition by an Acridine Drug (2008)

The crystal structure of a complex between the bimolecular human telomeric quadruplex d(TAGGGTTAGGGT)2 and the experimental anticancer drug BRACO-19, has been determined, to 2.5 A resolution. The binding site for the BRACO-19 molecule is at the interface of two parallel-folded quadruplexes, sandwiched between a G-tetrad surface and a TATA tetrad, and held in the site by networks of water molecules. The structure rationalizes the existing structure-activity data and provides a starting-point for the structure-based design of quadruplex-binding ligands
Contribution of dielectric and metallic losses in RF/microwave tunable varactors using (Ba,Sr)TiO3thin films (2001)

Abstract Recently, there has been significant interest in use of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) thin films for tunable high frequency (RF and microwave) components. In a previous work we have shown that BST thin films grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) exhibit films very low losses (as low as 0.003–0.004) and tunabilities over 50% at low operation voltages. In order to integrate BST thin films in tunable devices, the objectives of this work are : (i) study the effect of bottom and top electrode on the performance of thin film based capacitors, (ii) correlate low frequency (10 kHz) and high frequency (45 MHz - 1 GHz) measurements, (iii) separate the contribution of dielectric losses and metallic losses at both low and high frequency and finally (iv) show the potential usefulness of series capacitors structures.
Serum hyaluronate and type III procollagen aminoterminal propeptide concentration in chronic liver disease. Relationship to cirrhosis and disease activity (1991)

To analyse the relationship between the presence of liver cirrhosis and hepatic inflammation and the serum concentrations of the aminoterminal propeptide of procollagen type III (P-III-NP) and of hyaluronic acid (HA) in chronic liver disease, we measured P-III-NP and HA concentrations in paired serum samples from 133 patients with various chronic liver diseases, from 22 patients with acute hepatitis and from 50 healthy age-matched controls. In 24 (of the 133) patients with autoimmune chronic liver disease, follow-up determination was performed during therapeutic treatment with immunosuppressive drugs. Compared with controls P-III-NP concentrations (medians) were significantly elevated in 65% of patients with chronic active hepatitis (P = 0.00097) and in 79% of patients with active liver cirrhosis (P = 0.0126) but not in patients with chronic persistent hepatitis (P = 0.06). Serum concentrations (medians) of HA were increased (P = 0.0058) in 32% of patients with chronic active hepatitis and in 91% of patients with active cirrhosis (P less than 6 x 10(-7)). The difference of HA serum concentrations but not that of P-III-NP serum concentrations in patients with chronic active hepatitis and in patients with active cirrhosis was statistically significant. HA and P-III-NP serum concentrations were significantly elevated in 22 patients with acute hepatitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Practical considerations of joint friction and backlash in large ground-based telescope secondary optic positioning systems (2008)

Secondary mirrors and lenses in several planned ground-based telescopes have masses on the order of 5000 kg and require a positioning system that is repeatable to one-tenth the pixel size of the optical sensors, nominally 10 micrometers or less. Hexapods, or Stewart Platforms, are frequently integrated into the support structure as six degree of freedom parallel positioning and alignment systems. These systems are limited in resolution by friction in the 36 kinematic degrees of freedom (DOF) necessary for properly constrained motion of the platform. The 30 passive DOF, typically implemented with one 3-DOF and one 2-DOF joint on each hexapod leg, introduce unwanted friction and/or backlash into the positioning system. Backlash is generally unacceptable and elimination requires significant preloading of the joints, which in turn increases joint friction. This paper will: review various joint types including rolling element, plain bearing (sliding), and flexure; examine the backlash and friction tradeoffs involved in selecting joint type including unwanted deflections due to joint moments, static position resolution limitations, dynamic positioning settling time effects, self-locking mechanisms, and power dissipation; compare with experimental data and previously published results; present methods for modeling both static and dynamic effects of friction; and suggest recommendations for general positioning system design. Considerations for both equatorial and altitude-azimuth telescopes will be discussed, along with variation of effects due to telescope positioning. Analyses will be reinforced with friction and backlash measurements made on several physical joints.
Wavelength Dependent Cis-Trans Isomerization in Vision (2001)

The primary event in vision is the light-driven cis-trans isomerization of the 11-cis-retinal chromophore in the G-protein coupled receptor rhodopsin. Early measurements showed that this photoisomerization has a reaction quantum yield phi of approximately 0.67 [Dartnall (1936) Proc. R. Soc. A 156, 158-170; Dartnall (1968) Vision Res. 8, 339-358] and suggested that the quantum yield was wavelength independent [Schneider (1939) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 170, 102-112]. Here we more accurately determine phi(500) = 0.65 +/- 0.01 and reveal that phi surprisingly depends on the wavelength of the incident light. Although there is no difference in the quantum yield between 450 and 480 nm, the quantum yield falls significantly as the photon energy is reduced below 20 000 cm(-1) (500 nm). At the reddest wavelength measured (570 nm), the quantum yield is reduced by 5 +/- 1% relative to the 500 nm value. These experiments correct the long-held presumption that the quantum yield in vision is wavelength independent, and support the hypothesis that the 200 fs photoisomerization reaction that initiates vision is dictated by nonstationary excited-state vibrational wave packet dynamics.
Regulation of Gliogenesis in the Central Nervous System by the JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway (1997)

A mechanism by which members of the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-leukemia inhibitory factor cytokine family regulate gliogenesis in the developing mammalian central nervous system was characterized. Activation of the CNTF receptor promoted differentiation of cerebral cortical precursor cells into astrocytes and inhibited differentiation of cortical precursors along a neuronal lineage. Although CNTF stimulated both the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) and Ras-mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in cortical precursor cells, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway selectively enhanced differentiation of these precursors along a glial lineage. These findings suggest that cytokine activation of the JAK-STAT signaling pathway may be a mechanism by which cell fate is controlled during mammalian development.
Structural Stability of Intelectin-1 (2016)

We study the structural stability of helical and nonhelical regions in chain A of human intelectin-1. Using a geometrical model introduced previously, we carried out a computational analysis based on the recently reported crystal structure of this protein by Kiessling et al. to quantify the resiliency of the native state to steric perturbations. Response to these perturbations is characterized by calculating, relative to the native state, the lateral, radial, and angular displacements of n-residue segments of the polypeptide chain centered on each residue. By quantifying the stability of the protein through six stages of unfolding, we are able to identify regions in chain A of intelectin-1 that are markedly affected by structural perturbations versus those that are relatively unaffected, the latter suggesting that the native-state geometry of these regions is essentially conserved. Importantly, residues in the vicinity of calcium ions comprise a conserved region, suggesting that Ca ions play a role not only in the coordination of carbohydrate hydroxyl groups but also in preserving the integrity of the structure.
Crystallization behavior of amorphous indium–gallium–zinc-oxide films and its effects on thin-film transistor performance (2016)

Abstract Amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide (a-IGZO) films were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering and post-annealed in air at 300–1000 °C for 1 h to investigate the crystallization behavior in detail. X-ray diffraction, electron beam diffraction, and high-resolution electron microscopy revealed that the IGZO films showed an amorphous structure after post-annealing at 300 °C. At 600 °C, the films started to crystallize from the surface with c -axis preferred orientation. At 700–1000 °C, the films totally crystallized into polycrystalline structures, wherein the grains showed c -axis preferred orientation close to the surface and random orientation inside the films. The current–gate voltage ( I d – V g ) characteristics of the IGZO thin-film transistor (TFT) showed that the threshold voltage ( V th ) and subthreshold swing decreased markedly after the post-annealing at 300 °C. The TFT using the totally crystallized films also showed the decrease in V th , whereas the field-effect mobility decreased considerably.
The optimization of constrained layer damping applications (1979)

It is well known that the attachment of a stiff elastic (constraining) layer to a beam by using a viscoelastic damping adhesive can be a highly weight efficient means of reducing the beam's resonant response if this damping treatment is carefully designed. Though the prediction of the damping effectiveness of constrained layer damping treatments has been well understood for over twenty years, their optimum design is often obtained by trial and error. To avoid this, an efficient method is presented for optimizing the adhesive layer's thickness. This is usually the most difficult parameter to optimize and existing design guidelines are not always accurate. It is shown that if the ratio of the “effective” shear stiffness of the adhesive layer to the “effective” extensional stiffness of the metal layers is greater than a factor that depends only on the adhesive's loss tangent, the damping effectiveness will increase monotonically with increasing adhesive layer thickness. If the ratio is less than this factor there will be some optimum value of adhesive layer thickness. The value of this thickness is obtained by a simple numerical procedure.
An ALSTOM Vision of Future CFB Technology Based Power Plant Concepts (2005)

ALSTOM is actively working to develop circulating fluidized bed (CFB) based technologies to continue to reduce costs and mitigate CO2. Advanced ALSTOM concepts include “the oxygen-fired CFB,” which uses pure oxygen plus recirculated flue gas (mainly CO2) as a combustion medium, resulting in a flue gas stream with a high CO2 concentration. Consequently, CO2 can be separated from the flue gas stream relatively easily. As such, this technology is geared toward CO2 mitigation. Another advancement, “the circulating moving bed (CMBTM)” system, uses a novel heat exchanger design that heats the energy cycle working fluid to the high temperature levels required for advanced power generation systems. The CMBTM combustion system is also an enabling technology for hydrogen production and CO2 capture from combustion systems utilizing innovative chemical looping gasification and syngas decarbonization. Chemical looping is another development path towards CO2 mitigation. In ALSTOM’s processes, oxygen (from air) is transported by a solid oxygen carrier for combustion or gasification of the fuel. CO2 is captured in a separate chemical loop in the gasification process. The process can be used to produce nearly pure CO2 and steam for a Rankine cycle; or synthesis gas or hydrogen with CO2 capture for IGCC’s, fuel cells, or industrial use. This paper will discuss ALSTOM’s latest work and the technical and economic implications of these advanced CFB-based systems. These advanced power generation units can be built from proven fluid bed design features and systems and the same processes supporting current-state technology enable rational development of future-state power generation and CO2 capture.
Cosine pattern synthesis for single and multiple main beam uniformly spaced linear arrays (1989)

The method of cosine pattern synthesis for single- and multiple-main-beam equispaced linear arrays is introduced. The cosine pattern function is characterized by the position of the main beam in the theta -domain and its half-power beamwidth. The Fourier series and Woodward-Lawson methods are applied to the special cases of single- or multiple-main-beam cosine pattern synthesis. The patterns produced by application of these classical shaped-beam synthesis methods can then be used as initial patterns for iterative and perturbational techniques. Examples are presented and discussed, including the use of multiple-main-beam cosine pattern synthesis to design a high-power, high-frequency, ground-based transmitter for the creation of an array of 'wireless' ionospheric dipoles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Automated Quality Controlled Analysis of 2D Phase Contrast Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2022)

Flow analysis carried out using phase contrast cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (PC-CMR) enables the quantification of important parameters that are used in the assessment of cardiovascular function. An essential part of this analysis is the identification of the correct CMR views and quality control (QC) to detect artefacts that could affect the flow quantification. We propose a novel deep learning based framework for the fully-automated analysis of flow from full CMR scans that first carries out these view selection and QC steps using two sequential convolutional neural networks, followed by automatic aorta and pulmonary artery segmentation to enable the quantification of key flow parameters. Accuracy values of 0.958 and 0.914 were obtained for view classification and QC, respectively. For segmentation, Dice scores were $&gt;$0.969 and the Bland-Altman plots indicated excellent agreement between manual and automatic peak flow values. In addition, we tested our pipeline on an external validation data set, with results indicating good robustness of the pipeline. This work was carried out using multivendor clinical data consisting of 986 cases, indicating the potential for the use of this pipeline in a clinical setting.
Experimental investigation of the adsorption characteristics of silica gel + water system. (2003)

This paper presents and compares the experimental isothermal data of silica gel + water systems collected from two independent experimental methods, with respect to the constant-volume-variable-pressure (CVVP) system and the variable pressure thermal-gravimetric analyser (TGA). Two types of silica gels (Fuji Davison type A and type RD) were investigated under a range of experimental conditions (temperatures from 303 to 338 K and pressures from 500 to 7000 Pa) that are representative of actual operating environments in the adsorber of an adsorption chiller. The data collected from the two independent experiments compare favorably with each other and their characteristics are consistent with those provided by the chiller manufacturer.
Cyclic Carbonate-Based, Single-Ion Conducting Polymer Electrolytes for Li-Ion Batteries: Electrolyte Design (2022)

Solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) have been the focus of study to address Li-ion battery issues including thermal runaway by mitigating the danger from volatile solvents. A single ion conductor has a high transference number which eliminates uncontrolled mass transport by immobilizing the anion to the polymer matrix. Problems with undesired side reactions and lithium dendrite growth can also be improved by providing a mechanical barrier. Unfortunately, single-ion conducting SPEs suffer from poor lithium-ion mobility and conductivity due to the immobilized nature of the anions, poor ion-pair dissociation, and the slower time scale diffusion in a polymer matrix compared to liquid electrolytes. In this study, cyclic carbonate-based polymer electrolytes were synthesized to mimic the beneficial properties of conventional carbonate-based liquid electrolytes, such as high level of ion dissociation and solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. A series of copolymers were synthesized varying the structure and composition of the anionic monomer and polar cyclic carbonate containing monomer. The tertiary hydrogen on these carbonate monomers can act as a crosslinking point in free radical polymerizations or UV curing processes to provide robust mechanical properties to the SPEs at elevated temperatures. Although the inherent conductivities of the single-ion SPEs are on the order of 10 -7 mS/cm, the addition of plasticizers can improve these conductivities to 0.1 mS/cm.
Recovery of Sparse Matrices via Matrix Sketching (2013)

In this paper, we consider the problem of recovering an unknown sparse matrix X from the matrix sketch Y = AX B^T. The dimension of Y is less than that of X, and A and B are known matrices. This problem can be solved using standard compressive sensing (CS) theory after converting it to vector form using the Kronecker operation. In this case, the measurement matrix assumes a Kronecker product structure. However, as the matrix dimension increases the associated computational complexity makes its use prohibitive. We extend two algorithms, fast iterative shrinkage threshold algorithm (FISTA) and orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) to solve this problem in matrix form without employing the Kronecker product. While both FISTA and OMP with matrix inputs are shown to be equivalent in performance to their vector counterparts with the Kronecker product, solving them in matrix form is shown to be computationally more efficient. We show that the computational gain achieved by FISTA with matrix inputs over its vector form is more significant compared to that achieved by OMP.
(Gordon E. Moore Medal for Outstanding Achievement in Solid State Science and Technology Address) Transient Polymers for Low-k Dielectrics and Vaporizing Devices (2017)

Low ceiling temperature, thermodynamically unstable polymers can be used as transient polymers in the fabrication of vaporizing devices, such as sensors. However, they have been troublesome to synthesize and keep stable during storage. In this study, stable polyphthalaldehyde has been synthesized with a BF3-OEt2 catalyst. The role of BF3 in the polymerization is described. The interaction of BF3 with the monomer is described and used to maximize the yield and molecular weight of polyphthalaldehyde. Various Lewis acids were used to investigate the effect of catalyst acidity on polyphthalaldehyde chain growth. In-situ NMR was used to identify possible interactions formed between BF3 and phthalaldehyde monomer and polymer. The molecular weight of the polymer tracks with polymerization yield. The ambient temperature stability of polyphthalaldehyde was investigated and the storage life of the polymer has been improved.