gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Mass Spectrometric Screening and Studying of the Fleeting Chain Propagation of Aniline (2018)

A simple and effective approach to studying the mechanism of electrooxidation of aniline (ANI) is reported in this paper. It was accomplished by an innovative electrochemistry (EC)-mass spectrometry (MS) coupling, which can sample directly from a droplet-scale reacting electrolyte for mass spectrometric analysis. With this setup, the polymer chain growth of ANI could be monitored in situ and in real-time. The short-lived radical cations (ANI<sup>•+</sup>, m/ z 93.06) as well as the soluble dimer ( m/ z 183.09) and oligomers ( m/ z 274.13, 365.18, ...) were successfully captured. Using the EC-MS and tandem mass spectrometry, the dimers produced by head-to-tail (4-aminodiphenylamine), head-to-head (hydrazobenzene), and tail-to-tail (benzidine) coupling of radical cations were found in the same polymerization process. Moreover, the EC-MS method was also applicable for determining the propagation speed of ANI when applying different electrolyte salts and oxidizing potentials.
Ultrahigh 22 nm resolution coherent diffractive imaging using a desktop 13 nm high harmonic source (2011)

New diffractive imaging techniques using coherent x-ray beams have made possible nanometer-scale resolution imaging by replacing the optics in a microscope with an iterative phase retrieval algorithm. However, to date very high resolution imaging (< 40 nm) was limited to large-scale synchrotron facilities. Here, we present a significant advance in image resolution and capabilities for desktop soft x-ray microscopes that will enable widespread applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology. Using 13 nm high harmonic beams, we demonstrate a record 22 nm spatial resolution for any tabletop x-ray microscope. Finally, we show that unique information about the sample can be obtained by extracting 3-D information at very high numerical apertures.
Supplementary Tables S1-S2 from Olaparib Efficacy in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer and <i>BRCA1, BRCA2</i>, or <i>ATM</i> Alterations Identified by Testing Circulating Tumor DNA (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary data presenting additional demographic data and safety analysis.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization and Properties of a New Tetrathiafulvalene‐ Based Cage Molecule (I) Derived from an Azacrown (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
12G SDI over RF Coaxial Structures (2016)

With the rapid growth of ultra-high-definition television, there is an urgent industry need to transmit 12G SDI signals per SMPTE 2082 over RF coaxial structures. For a system to operate effectively, the cumulative performance, considering all system components, must meet minimum requirements. Key components in these systems include, RF connectors, printed circuit boards, and discrete board level active and passive components. This paper will highlight the actual development of a 12G SDI system and discuss the technical challenges and solutions for each critical component to achieve effective transmission.
A biorobotic flapping fin for propulsion and maneuvering (2008)

A series of biorobotic fins has been developed based on the pectoral fin of the bluegill sunfish. These robotic fins model physical properties of the biological fin, and execute kinematics derived from sunfish motions that were identified to be most responsible for thrust. When the physical properties of the robotic fin are tuned appropriately to operating conditions, the robotic fin, like the sunfish, produces positive thrust throughout the entire fin beat. Due to having many degrees of freedom, these fins can be used to generate and control forces for propulsion and maneuvering.
Supplementary Figure S4 from A Clinical PET Imaging Tracer ([<sup>18</sup>F]DASA-23) to Monitor Pyruvate Kinase M2–Induced Glycolytic Reprogramming in Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;[18F]DASA-23 time activity curves&lt;/p&gt;
Negative regulatory role of overexpression of PLCγ1in the expression of early growth response 1 gene in rat 3Y1 fibroblasts (2002)

The early growth response 1 (Egr-1) gene product is a transcription factor that functions as an oikis factor. Loss of Egr-1 expression is closely associated with tumor formation. Phospholipase Cgamma1 (PLCgamma1) is overexpressed in some tumors, and its overexpression causes anchorage-independent growth. Here we report that overexpression of PLCgamma1 and SH2-SH3 domain of PLCgamma1 decreased induction of Egr-1 and the Egr-1-regulated genes TSP-1 and PAI-1. Results from the nuclear run-on assay and transfection experiment with the proximal 455 base pair region of the Egr-1 promoter (-454 to +1) showed that Egr-1 transcriptional activity was suppressed in PLCgamma1-3Y1 cells whereas decay of Egr-1 mRNA was similar in both cell lines. Serum response element- and ternary complex factor Elk-1-mediated transcriptional activation of the reporter gene in response to EGF were also inhibited in PLCgamma1-3Y1 cells. Pretreatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) partially abrogated the serum-induced suppression of Egr-1 transcription in PLCgamma1-3Y1 cells, suggesting that a CHX-sensitive factor(s) is involved in the suppression of Egr-1 transcription in PLCgamma1-3Y1 cells. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of PLCgamma1 functions as a negative modulator of the tumor suppressor Egr-1 gene expression, possibly through inhibition of Elk-1-dependent transcriptional activity.
Development of the Magnetic Field Apparatus (2000)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Magnetic Field Apparatus (MFA) is a newly developed hardware system for space flight experimentation. The main goal of the MFA is to provide a platform to conduct experiments exposing plant tissues to a high gradient magnetic field (HGMF) in a microgravity environment. The MFA is being developed as a Space Shuttle middeck facility, and once completed will be classified as generic Life Science Laboratory Equipment (LSLE) and available to all NASA-sponsored investigators. The first flight of the MFA will be on STS-107 (currently scheduled for mid-2001). It will be configured to carry dry flax (&lt;i&gt;Linum usitatissimum L&lt;/i&gt;.) seeds into space, imbibe the seeds on-orbit, and expose the emerging roots to a high-gradient magnetic field. Time-lapse digital imagery will document root development, and the hardware will support chemical fixation at the appropriate time to preserve the specimens and terminate the experiment.&lt;/div&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE OZONOLYTIC CLEAVAGE OF UNSYMMETRIC CYCLOALKENES (1985)

Abstract Aus Cyclohexan‐ 1 ,3,5‐triol (I) ist das Acetal (IIa) zugänglich, dessen Benzylether (IIb) über das Mesylat in ein Olefin (III) übergeführt wird.
Identification of an enhancer sequence within the first intron required for cartilage-specific transcription of the α2(XI) collagen gene. VOLUME 275 (2000) PAGES 12712-12718 (2009)

Questions have arisen concerning the validity of Fig. 4 in this article (on page 12716). Therefore, Fig. 4 has been withdrawn by the authors.
Reverse-phase protein microarrays: application to biomarker discovery and translational medicine (2007)

Mapping of protein signaling networks within tumors can identify new targets for therapy and provide a means to stratify patients for individualized therapy. Kinases are important drug targets, as such kinase network information could become the basis for development of therapeutic strategies for improving treatment outcome. An urgent clinical goal is to identify functionally important molecular networks associated with subpopulations of patients that may not respond to conventional combination chemotherapy. Reverse-phase protein microarrays are a technology platform designed for quantitative, multiplexed analysis of specific phosphorylated, cleaved, or total (phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated) forms of cellular proteins from a limited amount of sample. This class of microarray can be used to interrogate cellular samples, serum or body fluids. This review focuses on the application of reverse-phase protein microarrays for translational research and therapeutic drug target discovery.
Size-Dependent Sedimentation Properties of Nanocrystals (2008)

Centrifugation is an increasingly important technique for nanomaterial processing. Here, we examine this process for gold, cadmium selenide, and iron oxide nanocrystals using an analytical ultracentrifuge. Such data provide an accurate measure of the sedimentation coefficients for these materials, and we find that this parameter has a significant dependence on the size and surface coating. Conventional models for particle sedimentation cannot capture the behavior of these nanocrystals unless the density of the nanocrystals is described by a size-dependent term that accounts for both the inorganic core and the organic coating. Using this modification in the particle sedimentation framework, it is possible to estimate sedimentation coefficients from information about the nanocrystal core and surface coating dimensions. Such data are useful in choosing the speeds for a centrifugation process and are particularly important when bimodal nanocrystal distributions are present.
Mechanism of White Band (WB) Formation due to Rolling Contact Fatigue in Carburized SAE4320 Steel (2020)

We investigated the microstructural changes in carburized steel due to high stress rolling contact fatigue (RCF) in this study. The changes consisted of the formation of white bands (WBs), including the low angle bands (LABs) and high angle bands (HABs), following the formation of a dark etching area (DEA) in the bearing steels below the contact surface. Although several studies have analyzed the characteristics of WBs, their formation mechanism has not been sufficiently elucidated. We analyzed the orientation of the crystal constituting the WBs and investigated their relationship with the direction of the shear stress generated by the rolling contact. The morphology of the WBs as a function of depth from the surface was studied using an optical microscope, and the crystal orientation was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy–electron backscattering diffraction. It was found that the LABs and HABs respectively formed at a depth where the principal and orthogonal shear stresses were at their maximum. The results of the crystal orientation analysis revealed that the crystal were rotated under the principal shear stress at a specific depth, resulting in the formation of textures such as {111}〈211〉 and {122}〈411〉 in LABs and HABs, respectively. Thus, the WBs were revealed to be a type of shear band. The WB formation behaviors of the specimens with varying amounts of initially retained austenite (γR) were compared to elucidate the sub-surface initiated spalling life improvement mechanism of the γR. However, the WB formation behavior showed no difference regardless of the amount of initial γR. This suggested that the WB formation was not directly related to the sub-surface initiated spalling life.
Conformational analysis of 2-phospha-1,3-dithiacyclohexanes. Further evidence for the general axial preference of phosphorus substituents in saturated six-membered rings (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConformational analysis of 2-phospha-1,3-dithiacyclohexanes. Further evidence for the general axial preference of phosphorus substituents in saturated six-membered ringsRobert O. Hutchins and Bruce E. MaryanoffCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1972, 94, 9, 3266–3268Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00764a079https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00764a079research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views36Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SDN-Based Network Slicing Mechanism for a Scalable 4G/5G Core Network: A Kubernetes Approach (2021)

Managing the large volumes of IoT and M2M traffic requires the evaluation of the scalability and reliability for all the components in the end-to-end system. This includes connectivity, mobile network functions, and application or services receiving and processing the data from end devices. Firstly, this paper discusses the design of a containerized IoT and M2M application and the mechanisms for delivering automated scalability and high availability when deploying it in: (1) the edge using balenaCloud; (2) the Amazon Web Services cloud with EC2 instances; and (3) the dedicated Amazon Web Services IoT service. The experiments showed that there are no significant differences between edge and cloud deployments regarding resource consumption. Secondly, the solutions for scaling the 4G/5G network functions and mobile backhaul that provide the connectivity between devices and IoT/M2M applications are analyzed. In this case, the scalability and high availability of the 4G/5G components are provided by Kubernetes. The experiments showed that our proposed scaling algorithm for network slicing managed with SDN guarantees the necessary radio and network resources for end-to-end high availability.
A Versatile System for Multimodality Image Fusion (1995)

This paper presents a versatile system for registering and visualizing computed tomography and magnetic resonance images. The system utilizes a semi-automatic, surface-based registration strategy which has proven useful for registering a number of different anatomical structures. A triangular mesh approximates surfaces in one image set while a set of surface points is used as a surface approximation in the other set. A non-linear optimization procedure determines the transformation that minimizes the total sum-squared perpendicular distance between triangles of the mesh and surface points. This system has been used without modification to successfully register images of the brain, spine and calcaneus.
Excess Single-Stranded DNA Inhibits Meiotic Double-Strand Break Repair (2007)

During meiosis, self-inflicted DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are created by the protein Spo11 and repaired by homologous recombination leading to gene conversions and crossovers. Crossover formation is vital for the segregation of homologous chromosomes during the first meiotic division and requires the RecA orthologue, Dmc1. We analyzed repair during meiosis of site-specific DSBs created by another nuclease, VMA1-derived endonuclease (VDE), in cells lacking Dmc1 strand-exchange protein. Turnover and resection of the VDE-DSBs was assessed in two different reporter cassettes that can repair using flanking direct repeat sequences, thereby obviating the need for a Dmc1-dependent DNA strand invasion step. Access of the single-strand binding complex replication protein A, which is normally used in all modes of DSB repair, was checked in chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments, using antibody against Rfa1. Repair of the VDE-DSBs was severely inhibited in dmc1Delta cells, a defect that was associated with a reduction in the long tract resection required to initiate single-strand annealing between the flanking repeat sequences. Mutants that either reduce Spo11-DSB formation or abolish resection at Spo11-DSBs rescued the repair block. We also found that a replication protein A component, Rfa1, does not accumulate to expected levels at unrepaired single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in dmc1Delta cells. The requirement of Dmc1 for VDE-DSB repair using flanking repeats appears to be caused by the accumulation of large quantities of ssDNA that accumulate at Spo11-DSBs when Dmc1 is absent. We propose that these resected DSBs sequester both resection machinery and ssDNA binding proteins, which in wild-type cells would normally be recycled as Spo11-DSBs repair. The implication is that repair proteins are in limited supply, and this could reflect an underlying mechanism for regulating DSB repair in wild-type cells, providing protection from potentially harmful effects of overabundant repair proteins.
Synthetic Metabolism: From evolution to design, and back to evolution (2021)

The Beilstein Enzymology Symposia series provide not only a platform for the presentation of the latest findings in mechanistic and systemic enzymology but also for discussing standards for measuring and publication of experimental data such as proposed by the STRENDA Commission.
Structural mechanism of synergistic activation of Aurora kinase B/C by phosphorylated INCENP (2019)

Aurora kinases B and C (AURKB/AURKC) are activated by binding to the C-terminal domain of INCENP. Full activation requires phosphorylation of two serine residues of INCENP that are conserved through evolution, although the mechanism of this activation has not been explained. Here we present crystal structures of the fully active complex of AURKC bound to INCENP, consisting of phosphorylated, activated, AURKC and INCENP phosphorylated on its TSS motif, revealing the structural and biochemical mechanism of synergistic activation of AURKC:INCENP. The structures show that TSS motif phosphorylation stabilises the kinase activation loop of AURKC. The TSS motif phosphorylations alter the substrate-binding surface consistent with a mechanism of altered kinase substrate selectivity and stabilisation of the protein complex against unfolding. We also analyse the binding of the most specific available AURKB inhibitor, BRD-7880, and demonstrate that the well-known Aurora kinase inhibitor VX-680 disrupts binding of the phosphorylated INCENP TSS motif.
A 2× logic density Programmable Logic array using atom switch fully implemented with logic transistors at 40nm-node and beyond (2016)

Programmable Logic (PL) with a high logic density is demonstrated by cross-bar (xbar) of atom switches, which are programmed through logic transistors. The PL has 4 4-input LUTs to minimize area-delay product owing to small area & capacitance of atom switch. Xbar with 50% and 100% populations mixed and programming lines shared architecture achieves a 2× higher logic density comparing to a commercial PL chip on same technology node of 40 nm. 3× higher operation frequency and 40% lower power consumption are also assessed.
Dual mechanisms for change in myocardial signal intensity by means of a single MR contrast medium: dependence on concentration and pulse sequence. (1993)

To determine whether gadodiamide injection can provide sufficient enhancement on both T1- and T2-weighted spin-echo magnetic resonance (MR) images of the heart and skeletal muscles, anesthetized rats were divided into five groups. Groups 1-3 received 0.1 (n = 9), 0.3 (n = 8), or 0.5 (n = 8) mmol/kg gadodiamide injection, respectively, and T1-weighted images were obtained. Groups 4 and 5 received 0.3 or 0.5 mmol/kg gadodiamide injection, respectively, and T2-weighted images were obtained. Gadolinium concentration was measured in myocardium by means of inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy. On T1-weighted images, the 0.1 and 0.3 mmol/kg doses produced a dose-dependent increase in myocardial signal intensity proportional to gadolinium concentration. A dose of 0.5 mmol/kg, which correlated with higher gadolinium concentration and did not further increase myocardial signal intensity, prolonged the imaging window. On T2-weighted images, the 0.3 mmol/kg dose caused a transient decrease in myocardial signal intensity; the 0.5 mmol/kg dose produced greater and persistent loss of signal intensity. In conclusion, the changes in signal intensity induced by gadodiamide injection depend on the dose, pulse sequence, and type of tissue.
Scaling Machine Learning via Compressed Linear Algebra (2017)

Large-scale machine learning (ML) algorithms are often iterative, using repeated read-only data access and I/Obound matrix-vector multiplications to converge to an optimal model. It is crucial for performance to fit the data into single-node or distributed main memory and enable very fast matrix-vector operations on in-memory data. Generalpurpose, heavy- and lightweight compression techniques struggle to achieve both good compression ratios and fast decompression speed to enable block-wise uncompressed operations. Compressed linear algebra (CLA) avoids these problems by applying lightweight lossless database compression techniques to matrices and then executing linear algebra operations such as matrix-vector multiplication directly on the compressed representations. The key ingredients are effective column compression schemes, cache-conscious operations, and an efficient sampling-based compression algorithm. Experiments on an initial implementation in SystemML show in-memory operations performance close to the uncompressed case and good compression ratios.We thereby obtain significant end-to-end performance improvements up to 26x or reduced memory requirements.
Risk Assessment and Integrity Management (2012)

Risk is a compound measure of the probability and consequences of failure (Figure 11-1). If probability (or expected frequency per unit of exposure) is expressed quantitatively, then risk can be evaluated as the product of the probability and consequence values. If either the probability is zero or consequence non-existent (i.e., zero), then risk becomes zero.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Biological properties of potent inhibitors of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases: from PI-103 through PI-540, PI-620 to the oral agent GDC-0941 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Biological properties of potent inhibitors of class I phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases: from PI-103 through PI-540, PI-620 to the oral agent GDC-0941