gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-host Resistance Induced by the Xanthomonas Effector XopQ Is Widespread within the Genus Nicotiana and Functionally Depends on EDS1 (2016)

Most Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacteria translocate effector proteins (T3Es) directly into plant cells via a conserved type III secretion system, which is essential for pathogenicity in susceptible plants. In resistant plants, recognition of some T3Es is mediated by corresponding resistance (<i>R</i>) genes or R proteins and induces effector triggered immunity (ETI) that often results in programmed cell death reactions. The identification of <i>R</i> genes and understanding their evolution/distribution bears great potential for the generation of resistant crop plants. We focus on T3Es from <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> pv. <i>vesicatoria</i> (<i>Xcv</i>), the causal agent of bacterial spot disease on pepper and tomato plants. Here, 86 <i>Solanaceae</i> lines mainly of the genus <i>Nicotiana</i> were screened for phenotypical reactions after <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i>-mediated transient expression of 21 different <i>Xcv</i> effectors to (i) identify new plant lines for T3E characterization, (ii) analyze conservation/evolution of putative <i>R</i> genes and (iii) identify promising plant lines as repertoire for <i>R</i> gene isolation. The effectors provoked different reactions on closely related plant lines indicative of a high variability and evolution rate of potential <i>R</i> genes. In some cases, putative <i>R</i> genes were conserved within a plant species but not within superordinate phylogenetical units. Interestingly, the effector XopQ was recognized by several <i>Nicotiana</i> spp. lines, and <i>Xcv</i> infection assays revealed that XopQ is a host range determinant in many <i>Nicotiana</i> species. Non-host resistance against <i>Xcv</i> and XopQ recognition in <i>N. benthamiana</i> required <i>EDS1</i>, strongly suggesting the presence of a TIR domain-containing XopQ-specific R protein in these plant lines. XopQ is a conserved effector among most xanthomonads, pointing out the XopQ-recognizing R<sub>xopQ</sub> as candidate for targeted crop improvement.
Contingency Management for Condition-Aware Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (2013)

Whereas the use of unmanned aerial vehicles has risen steadily in recent years, their capability remains limited by a lack of autonomy onboard the aircraft, which results in a reliance on constant communication with operators and ground support. This stems from the absence of information an onboard pilot provides about the situational awareness of the vehicle coupled with the inability of aerospace vehicles to make mission decisions using the data collected onboard. A condition-aware vehicle uses information from onboard sensors to determine the current condition of the vehicle. In this paper, the example of structural capability and its determination from onboard sensors is considered. Updates to a vehicle state model are made using sensor information to determine the vehicle’s ability to perform maneuvers in support of a mission. As the vehicle is degraded or damaged, the flight envelope and maneuverability are reduced in order to ensure the vehicle is limited to its estimated capability. The motion planner onboard the vehicle uses the current capability estimate to plan trajectories within the updated flight envelope of the vehicle. This paper describes the vehicle architecture to perform motion planning based on information from sensors. An example algorithm for determining the composite airframe structure capability is described, including current damage and future degradation prediction. The results of this algorithm are used by a motion planner to show how the vehicle trajectory changes over the life of the composite airframe structure. The results show that mission replanning can limit the maneuverability of the aircraft in accordance with its capability. Additionally, the degradation cost is considered in the motion planner to manage the degradation of the vehicle over time and potentially extend the vehicle’s useful life.
Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation, Microtubule Organization, Chromatin Behavior, and Cell Cycle Progression by Protein Phosphatases During Pig Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro1 (2002)

We used okadaic acid (OA), a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, to study the regulatory effects of protein phosphatases on mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation, morphological changes in the nucleus, and microtubule assembly during pig oocyte maturation and fertilization in vitro. When germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were exposed to OA, MAP kinase phosphorylation was greatly accelerated, being fully activated at 10 min. However, MAP kinase was dephosphorylated by long-term (>20 h) exposure to OA. Correspondingly, premature chromosome condensation and GV breakdown were accelerated, whereas meiotic spindle assembly and meiotic progression beyond metaphase I stage were inhibited. OA also quickly reversed the inhibitory effects of butyrolactone I, a specific inhibitor of maturation-promoting factor (MPF), on MAP kinase phosphorylation and meiosis resumption. Treatment of metaphase II oocytes triggered metaphase II spindle elongation and disassembly as well as chromosome alignment disruption. OA treatment of fertilized eggs resulted in prompt phosphorylation of MAP kinase, disassembly of microtubules around the pronuclear area, chromatin condensation, and pronuclear membrane breakdown, but inhibited further cleavage. Our results suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatases promptly phosphorylates MAP kinase, induces premature chromosome condensation and meiosis resumption as well as pronucleus breakdown, but inhibits spindle organization and suppresses microtubule assembly by sperm centrosomes in pig oocytes and fertilized eggs.
Noise‐enhanced balance control in patients with diabetes and patients with stroke (2005)

This work indicates that noise-based devices could ameliorate diabetic and stroke impairments in balance control.
Effects of Iopromide on Vasoactive Peptides and Allergy-Mediated Substances in Healthy Volunteers (1995)

Iopromide caused no appreciable hemodynamic alterations associated with the changes in atrial natriuretic peptide and antidiuretic hormone and no evidence of allergy-mediated reactions in all volunteers.
A One-Year Trial of In-Center Daily Hemodialysis with an Emphasis on Quality of Life (2004)

DHD offers advantages over CHD with respect to improved QOL and BP control.
Inside Cover: Efficient Polyester Hydrogenolytic Deconstruction via Tandem Catalysis (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 9/2022) (2022)

Commodity polyester plastics such as PET, PBT, and PEN are hydrogenolytically deconstructed to their starting monomeric carboxylic acids and light alkanes using a solventless tandem catalytic approach with two air- and moisture-stable catalysts, Hf(OTf)4 and Pd/C. These selective reactions operate near the polymer melting temperature under 1 atm H2 and are compatible with mixed plastics, as reported by Yosi Kratish and Tobin J. Marks in their Research Article (e202112576).
Retinal Thinning and Regression of Neovascularization (1988)

To the Editor. —I read with interest the speculations of Dr Glaser 1 concerning the mechanism of action of scatter photocoagulation. Dr Glaser suggests that altered cellular interactions within laser scars may be central to involution of neovascularization. The following case is difficult to understand within the framework of Dr Glaser's theoretical constructs. Report of a Case. —A 41-year-old woman presented to the Department of Neurology at the University of Virginia, Charlottesville, with a 17-year history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and a four-month history of seizures. Results of physical examination were remarkable only for disc neovascularization in both eyes. A computed tomographic scan demonstrated a left anterior clinoid meningioma. She was referred to the Department of Ophthalmology. Visual acuity was 20/20 OU, and results of examination were normal except for moderate background diabetic retinopathy and neovascularization on the disc (NVD), greater in the left eye than the right (Fig 1).
Asphaltene Chemistry Across a Large Field in Saudi Arabia (2017)

Abstract Using laboratory and downhole fluid analyzers, it is possible to characterize lateral and vertical variations in reservoir fluid composition. Previous application of those measurementes have revealed wide spatial variations in the concentrations of asphaltenes in crude oil for many reservoirs. However many of the chemical attributes of asphaltenes have been very difficult to determine and require careful assessment. One of the industry's interests in this class is due to their interfacial activity, an important attribute related to fluid flow in the reservoir and ultimately to recovery of the crude oil. It is very desirable to get a better understanding of the spatial variation of asphaltene chemistry throughout the formation. The aim of this work was to analyze chemical properties of asphaltenes using established spectroscopic techniques including Raman spectroscopy, laser desorption laser ionization mass spectrometry (L2MS), surface-assisted laser desorption ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry, sulfur x-ray absorption near edge structure (S-XANES) spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The samples were obtained from different locations in the Ghawar field all separated by more than 20 km from each other. The asphaltene chemistry of these samples was found to be typical and simple models for the asphaltenes are applicable. In addition, the asphaltenes from the samples are rather uniform, with an asphaltene structure showing a central island of aromatic rings with an average diameter of 1.48 nm (i.e. 7 to 8 aromatic rings) and a molecular weight in the range of 600 to 750 g/mol for a single asphaltene molecule. This matches other findings regarding asphaltenes in Saudi Arabian reservoirs. The implication is that models for wettability and fluid interfacial tension that rely on simple asphaltene characterization are plausibly beneficial.
In Vitro Hemodynamic Evaluation of Ventricular Suction Conditions of the EVAHEART Ventricular Assist Pump (2012)

Conditions of hypovolemia and/or hypotension may increase the risk of suction at the highest speeds, irrespective of the native ventricular systolic pressure. However, in vitro guidelines are not directly transferrable to the clinical situation; therefore, patient-specific evaluation is recommended, which can be aided by ultrasonography at various points in the course of support.
Semiconductor lasers with one- and two-dimensional air/semiconductor gratings embedded by wafer fusion technique (1999)

This paper describes the use of wafer fusion technique between submicrometer-order patterned wafers to realize novel optoelectronic devices. First, to demonstrate the feasibility of applying the technique to optoelectronic devices, we demonstrate a continuous wave oscillation of a one-dimensional distributed feedback laser with air/semiconductor gratings embedded by the wafer fusion technique. Next, we fabricate a device with two-dimensional triangular-lattice structure and obtain a very unique hexagonal symmetric surface-emitting pattern. From the calculated photonic band diagram of the device, the surface-emitting pattern is considered to reflect the photonic band nature of triangular-lattice structure. The room temperature lasing oscillation of the device with two-dimensional triangular-lattice structure is also achieved. These results indicate that the air/semiconductor gratings formed by wafer fusion technique can be applied to develop various optoelectronic devices, and the realization of novel devices is expected.
Time-Correlated Single-Photon Counting Investigations of the Effects of Temperature, Solvent, and Excitation Energy on the Fluorescence Lifetime of Adamantyl Diazirine (1995)

Diazirines exhibit complex photochemistry. They serve as precursors for carbenes (via extrusion of $N_{2}$), which can subsequently undergo intramolecular rearrangements (e.g., 1, 2-hydrogen migration to form alkenes) or react in an intermolecular fashion (e.g., with solvents). It is often difficult to determine whether these products are formed via the carbene or directly from the diazirine. Owing to its highly strained geometry, adamantyl diazirine possesses a significant barrier to intramolecular rearrangement. As a consequence, other photochemical pathways are enhanced in admantyl diazirine relative to other dialkyldiazirines. Recently, we have confirmed that the excited state of adamantyl diazirine can also decay via fluorescence. [FIGURE] We have obtained time-correlated singlephoton counting fluorescence decays for adamantyl diazirine in a variety of solvents, over a wide range of temperatures (77 K-320 K), across the diazirine absorption band (320 nm-400 nm). The lifetime of the primary decay component is on the order of 250 ps. These data and the results of complementary steady-state measurements will be presented, along with a preliminary interpretation of their significance. [FIGURE]
Surface modified electrodes (1979)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
A smart pattern recognition system for the automatic identification of aerospace acoustic sources (1989)

An intelligent air-noise recognition system is described that uses pattern recognition techniques to distinguish noise signatures of five different types of acoustic sources, including jet planes, propeller planes, a helicopter, train, and wind turbine. Information for classification is calculated using the power spectral density and autocorrelation taken from the output of a single microphone. Using this system, as many as 90 percent of test recordings were correctly identified, indicating that the linear discriminant functions developed can be used for aerospace source identification.
Serotonin receptors subserve only contraction in canine and rat pulmonary arteries and veins. (1980)

Precise information with respect to whether serotonin (5-HT) exerts direct effects on mammalian pulmonary arteries and veins is lacking. The present studies, using isolated pulmonary arterial strips of dogs and rats, as well as isolated pulmonary veins of dogs, indicate that serotonin exerts direct contractile, but not relaxant, effects on these blood vessels. Contractile responses to 5-HT were not influenced by "specific" receptor-blocking doses of pyrilamine (H1-receptor antagonist), metiamide (H2-receptor antagonist), phentolamine (alpha-adrenoceptor antagonist), propranolol (beta-receptor antagonist), atropine (cholinergic antagonist) or morphine ("M" tryptamine antagonist). These data demonstrate the lack of interaction of 5-HT with either H1- and H2-histamine, alpha and beta-adrenergic, cholinergic, or "M" tryptamine receptors in these pulmonary blood vessels. Selective, competitive antagonism of 5-HT-induced contractions by methysergide (parallel shifts of concentration-effect curves) demonstrate a direct action of 5-HT on D-type serotonin receptors in these pulmonary blood vessels.
Implicit 1-D Transport Solvers For a Streamline Simulator For FracturedReservoirs (2007)

Naturally fractured reservoirs can be seen as a set of low permeability matrix rock blocks and a high permeability network of fracture channels. This representation is conventionally described by a dual porosity model, which is the one used in the present work. More precisely, the porosities and absolute permeabilities at each point of a reservoir are considered to be those of two interpenetrating continua, the matrix and the fractures one. It is also assumed that the flow occurs in fractures only, i.e., the matrix permeability is equal to zero. Mass transfer between matrix and fractures is modeled by empirically determined transfer functions.Fracture permeabilities can differ in orders of magnitude, which results in very different flow velocities in different parts of the reservoir. This circumstance is advantageous for simulating the reservoir numerically with the streamline method [1,4,6,7,8,9,11,17,18,21]. Indeed, in the streamline method the transport part is solved along a set of onedimensional streamlines, and the corresponding time step used for the update of the solution can be chosen independently for each streamline. Therefore, there is no global time step restriction, which is the case for finite difference simulation.This work is a further development of methods, proposed in [19,16] and [2]. We are concerned with the efficient solution of saturation transport along streamlines. To this end, we propose to use an implicit method. This eliminates the CFL restriction on the time step which is inherent to explicit methods, at the price of possibly introducing more numerical diffusion. The numerical method can be further accelerated with the use of adaptive mesh refinement along streamlines [2]. We show that the proposed technique can be useful when one needs to estimate the flow pattern in the reservoir quickly, e.g., for ranking of geological models.
3.4: Sizing Multi‐electrodes in an LCL‐lens for Minimizing the Crosstalk in a 3D Auto‐stereoscopic Display (2011)

Abstract A liquid‐crystal‐lenticular‐lens LCL‐lens with multi‐electrodes is proposed to realize an auto‐stereoscopic 3Ddisplay. The focusing ability provided by this LCL‐lens can be achieved based on non‐uniformpotential across the LC‐layer, which mimics the effects of GRIN‐lens. Moreover, the crosstalk is thoroughly analyzed in varied observer‐distances and viewer‐angles via the ray‐tracing method.
The first monomeric crystalline tin(II) alkyls; X-ray structures of the β-N-functionalised alkyls Sn(R)X [R= C(SiMe3)2C5H4N–2 and X= R, Cl, or N(SiMe3)2] (1988)

Monomeric 2-pyridylbis(trimethylsilyl)methyltin(II) compounds Sn(R)X [= (SiMe3)2C5H4N-2 and = (1), l (2), or (SiMe3)2(3)] were prepared from (LiR)2 and (a) SnCl2 or Sn(OC6H3But2-2,6)2(1), (b) 2SnCl2(2), or (c) Sn[N(SiMe3)2]2(3); their X-ray structures show that the ligands are invariably bonded to tin in a chelating fashion in the crystal with Sn–C and Sn–NC5H4 bond lengths of 2.35(2) and 2.42(2)(1), 2.32(2) and 2.27(3)(2), and 2.356(8) and 2.299(5)Å(3), respectively, but in C6D5CD3 solution there appear to be (n.m.r.) C5H4N–Sn dissociative processes (ΔG‡ca. 43 ± 2 kJ mol–1).
Field Impregnation Techniques for Highway Concrete (1977)

The corrosion of reinforcing steel due to the penetration of deicing salts poses a considerable problem in bridge decks. One approach which has received much attention has ben impregnation with a liquid monomer followed by polymerization to effectively seal the capillary pores against salt intrusion. The feasibility of impregnating a bridge deck to a depth of 4 in. or more under field conditions is demonstrated herein. Since the present deep impregnation techniques are costly in terms of energy, materials, and time, simplifications and improvement would be desirable. Herein, results of preliminary experiments with the use of a pressure-mat technique for mechanically assisting monomer or sealant penetration are described. It is shown that pressure mechanically applied to patterned rubber mats can effect uniform impregnation with a monomer such as methyl methacrylate or a sealant such as tar or linseed oil in reasonable times. Such an impregnation could conceivably be effected using rollers.
Electrospray ionization ion trap mass spectrometry of a tetrahedral supramolecular Ti4L4 cluster (1998)

The analysis of self-assembled supramolecular clusters held together by metal-ligand interactions is a relatively new area in mass spectrometry. These complexes may have molecular weights exceeding several kDa, are often highly charged and their composition is most sensitive to their chemical environment. Electrospray ionization appears to be the ionization technique of choice for their mass spectral characterization. The analysis (positive and negative ion detection mode) of the prototype compound [Ti4L4]8− (L = a catechol-based tris-bidentate ligand; MW of cluster = 2293 u) using a Paul trap mass analyzer is reported. The combination of electrospray ionization and high resolution ion trap technology is a powerful tool which provides the unambiguous solution state characterization of this supramolecular cluster. The results are correlated with the known solid state structure of the cluster and reactions previously reported for mononuclear Ti(IV) catecholates.
ChemInform Abstract: TRIPLETT‐ENERGIEUEBERTRAGUNG 7. MITT. LOESCHUNG VON PHENYLKETONEN IM TRIPLETT‐ZUSTAND DURCH OLEFINE (1972)

Abstract Anhand der Löschung der Photoeliminierungsreaktion des Typs II von Butyrophenon zu Acetophenon durch Olefine wird gezeigt, daß alkylsubstituierte Äthylene, wie z.B. 2‐Methyl‐buten‐(1), nur0,l‐ 10% so wirksam sind wie konjugierte Diene, wie z.B. 2,5‐Dimethyl‐hexadien‐(2 ,4).
Resolving Referring Expressions in Images With Labeled Elements (2018)

Images may have elements containing text and a bounding box associated with them, for example, text identified via optical character recognition on a computer screen image, or a natural image with labeled objects. We present an end-to-end trainable architecture to incorporate the information from these elements and the image to segment/identify the part of the image a natural language expression is referring to. We calculate an embedding for each element and then project it onto the corresponding location (i.e., the associated bounding box) of the image feature map. We show that this architecture gives an improvement in resolving referring expressions, over only using the image, and other methods that incorporate the element information. We demonstrate experimental results on the referring expression datasets based on COCO, and on a webpage image referring expression dataset that we developed.
BaSrTiO/sub 3/ interdigitated capacitors for distributed phase shifter applications (2000)

In this letter, BaSrTiO/sub 3/ (BST) interdigitated capacitors on sapphire substrates have been investigated. The tunability and quality factor of interdigital capacitors have been optimized for microwave and millimeter wave applications. A monolithic K-band phase shifter circuit that employs voltage tunable BaSrTiO/sub 3/ (BST) interdigitated capacitors is presented here.
Novel cyclohexyl‐substituted salicylaldiminato–nickel(II) complex as a catalyst for ethylene homopolymerization and copolymerization (2004)

Abstract The cyclohexyl‐substituted salicylaldiminato–Ni(II) complex [O(3‐C 6 H 11 )(5‐CH 3 )C 6 H 2 CHN‐2,6‐C 6 H 3 i Pr 2 ]Ni(PPh 3 )(Ph) ( 4 ) has been synthesized and characterized with 1 H NMR and X‐ray structure analysis. In the presence of phosphine scavengers such as bis(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) [Ni(COD) 2 ], triisobutylaluminum (TIBA), and triethylaluminum (TEA), 4 is an active catalyst for ethylene polymerization and copolymerization with the polar monomers tert ‐butyl‐10‐undecenoate, methyl‐10‐undecenoate, and 4‐penten‐1‐ol under mild conditions. The polymerization parameters affecting the catalytic activity and viscosity‐average molecular weight of polyethylene, such as the temperature, time, ethylene pressure, and catalyst concentration, are discussed. A polymerization activity of 3.62 × 10 5 g of PE (mol of Ni h) −1 and a weight‐average molecular weight of polyethylene of 5.73 × 10 4 g . mol −1 have been found for 10 μmol of 4 and a Ni(COD) 2 / 4 ratio of 3 in a 30‐mL toluene solution at 45 °C and 12 × 10 5 Pa of ethylene for 20 min. The polydispersity index of the resulting polyethylene is about 2.04. After the addition of tetrahydrofuran and Et 2 O to the reaction system, 4 exhibits still high activity for ethylene polymerization. Methyl‐10‐undecenoate (0.65 mol %), 0.74 mol % tert ‐butyl‐10‐undecenoate, and 0.98 mol % 4‐penten‐1‐ol have been incorporated into the polymer. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 6071–6080, 2004