gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Empirical analysis of BMD metrics in genetic toxicology part II:in vivopotency comparisons to promote reductions in the use of experimental animals for genetic toxicity assessment (2016)

Genotoxicity tests have traditionally been used only for hazard identification, with qualitative dichotomous groupings being used to identify compounds that have the capacity to induce mutations and/or cytogenetic alterations. However, there is an increasing interest in employing quantitative analysis of in vivo dose-response data to derive point of departure (PoD) metrics that can be used to establish human exposure limits or margins of exposure (MOEs), thereby supporting human health risk assessments and regulatory decisions. This work is an extension of our companion article on in vitro dose-response analyses and outlines how the combined benchmark dose (BMD) approach across included covariates can be used to improve the analyses and interpretation of in vivo genetic toxicity dose-response data. Using the BMD-covariate approach, we show that empirical comparisons of micronucleus frequency dose-response data across multiple studies justifies dataset merging, with subsequent analyses improving the precision of BMD estimates and permitting attendant potency ranking of seven clastogens. Similarly, empirical comparisons of Pig-a mutant phenotype frequency data collected in males and females justified dataset merging across sex. This permitted more effective scrutiny regarding the effect of post-exposure sampling time on the mutagenicity of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea observed in reticulocytes and erythrocytes in the Pig-a assay. The BMD-covariate approach revealed tissue-specific differences in the induction of lacZ transgene mutations in Muta™Mouse specimens exposed to benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), with the results permitting the formulation of mechanistic hypotheses regarding the observed potency ranking. Lastly, we illustrate how historical dose-response data for assessments that examined numerous doses (i.e. induced lacZ mutant frequency (MF) across 10 doses of BaP) can be used to improve the precision of BMDs derived from datasets with far fewer doses (i.e. lacZ MF for 3 doses of dibenz[a,h]anthracene). Collectively, the presented examples illustrate how innovative use of the BMD approach can permit refinement of the use of in vivo data; improving the efficacy of experimental animal use in genetic toxicology without sacrificing PoD precision.
Bird Song Scene Analysis Using a Spatial-Cue-Based Probabilistic Model (2017)

[abstFig src='/00290001/22.jpg' width='300' text='Spatial-cue-based probabilistic model' ] This paper addresses bird song scene analysis based on semi-automatic annotation. Research in animal behavior, especially in birds, would be aided by automated or semi-automated systems that can localize sounds, measure their timing, and identify their sources. This is difficult to achieve in real environments, in which several birds at different locations may be singing at the same time. Analysis of recordings from the wild has usually required manual annotation. These annotations may be inaccurate or inconsistent, as they may vary within and between observers. Here we suggest a system that uses automated methods from robot audition, including sound source detection, localization, separation and identification. In robot audition, these technologies are assessed separately, but combining them has often led to poor performance in natural setting. We propose a new Spatial-Cue-Based Probabilistic Model (SCBPM) for their integration focusing on spatial information. A second problem has been that supervised machine learning methods usually require a pre-trained model, which may need a large training set of annotated labels. We have employed a semi-automatic annotation approach, in which a semi-supervised training method is deduced for a new model. This method requires much less pre-annotation. Preliminary experiments with recordings of bird songs from the wild revealed that our system outperformed the identification accuracy of a method based on conventional robot audition. * * This paper is an extension of a proceeding of IROS2015.
A New Method to Radiolabel Natural Organic Matter by Chemical Reduction with Tritiated Sodium Borohydride (2007)

In this paper, we describe a new method for labeling NOM with the radioisotope tritium (3H) using fulvic acid (FA) as the target NOM fraction. During labeling, FA ketone groups are chemically reduced with tritiated sodium borohydride (NaBH4), while the chemical functionality of the carboxyl and phenol groups is preserved. The labeling procedure was optimized in efficiency experiments that determined the excess concentration of tritiated NaBH4 required for optimum reduction conditions. The chemical characterization of the labeled FA product using FTIR and 1H NMR spectral analysis confirms the proposed reaction mechanism and rules out any significant amounts of impurities or undesirable side reactions. Results from size exclusion chromatography indicate thatthe tritium label is distributed uniformly over the whole molecular size range of FA and that it is stable over time and under various pH conditions. Potential differences in FA sorption behavior onto mineral surfaces due to labeling were excluded based on experimental data. This method produces NOM of high specific activity (e.g., 1.9 mCi mg(-1) FA); this permits the tracing of FA at a detection limit of 0.3 microg L(-1) FA.
Ectopic adrenocorticotrophic (ACTH) syndrome and small cell carcinoma of the lung—assessment of clinical implications in patients on combination chemotherapy (1981)

Small cell carcinoma of the lung is the tumor most commonly associated with ectopic ACTH production and hypercortisolism. The relationship between this paraneoplastic endocrine syndrome and the clinical course of the tumor is examined in this review of patients with the ectopic ACTH syndrome and small cell carcinoma seen at The Johns Hopkins Oncology Center between 1973 and 1979. Five of 157 (3.2%) patients with small cell carcinoma were clinically diagnosed as having the ectopic ACTH syndrome. The onset of this endocrine syndrome appeared to coincide with a more aggressive phase of the course of small cell carcinoma. Further analysis of these cases suggests that the development of the ectopic ACTH syndrome may reflect changes in cell populations within the tumor and/or alterations in tumor behavior with time and perhaps with the effects of drug therapy.
Observation of cyanate and isocyanate surface species during the reaction of ammonia and carbon monoxide over supported rhodium (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTObservation of cyanate and isocyanate surface species during the reaction of ammonia and carbon monoxide over supported rhodiumD. K. Paul, M. L. McKee, S. D. Worley, N. W. Hoffman, D. H. Ash, and J. GautneyCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1989, 93, 11, 4598–4603Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100348a039https://doi.org/10.1021/j100348a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views156Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A glimpse of expert programmers' mental imagery. (1998)

There is widespread anecdotal evidence that expert programmers make use of visual mental images when they are designing programs. In this study, expert programmers were directly questioned regarding the nature of their mental representations while they were engaged in a design task. This investigative technique was used with the explicit intention of eliciting introspective r ports of mental imagery. The resulting transcripts displayed aconsiderable number of common elements. These suggest hat software design shares many characteristics of more concrete design disciplines. They also provide promising areas for further investigation of software development support tools and design strategies. 1.
Evidence for in vitro translesion DNA synthesis past a site-specific aminofluorene adduct. (1987)

The ability of Escherichia coli DNA polymerase I and T7 DNA polymerase to bypass bulky C-8 guanyl-2-aminofluorene adducts in DNA was studied by in vitro DNA synthesis reactions on a site-specific aminofluorene-modified M13mp9 template. This site-specifically modified DNA was prepared by ligating an oligonucleotide containing a single aminofluorene adduct into a gapped heteroduplex of M13mp9 DNA (Johnson, D. L., Reid, T. M., Lee, M.-S., King, C. M., and Romano, L. J. (1986) Biochemistry 25, 449-456). The resulting covalently closed duplex DNA molecule was then cleaved with a restriction endonuclease, denatured, and annealed to a primer on the 3' side of the adduct to form a template specifically designed to study bypass. In this system, any synthesis that was not blocked by the bulky aminofluorene adduct would proceed to the 5' terminus of the single-stranded template, while synthesis interrupted by the adduct would terminate at or near the adduct location. We have measured DNA synthesis on this template and find that the amount of radiolabeled nucleotide incorporated by either E. coli DNA polymerase I (large fragment) or T7 DNA polymerase was much greater than would be predicted if the aminofluorene adduct were an absolute block to DNA synthesis. Furthermore, the products of similar reactions electrophoresed on polyacrylamide gels showed conclusively that the majority of the DNA synthesized by either the T7 DNA polymerase or E. coli DNA polymerase I bypassed the aminofluorene lesion. Substitution of Mn2+ for Mg2+ as the divalent cation resulted in even higher levels of translesion synthesis.
Techno-economic analysis and life cycle assessment of mixed plastic waste gasification for production of methanol and hydrogen (2023)

This work examines the feasibility of a greenfield mixed plastics waste gasification facility with process modeling, TEA, and LCA.
Growth of bismuth silicate films on Si and its dielectric properties (1994)

Crystalline bismuth silicate films were grown on a Si substrate by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. A 100 nm SiO2 layer on Si was changed to bismuth silicate film by the reaction with a Bi and O2 gas mixture. A deposition of less than 30 min formed a single-crystalline phase, having a certain crystallographic relation with (100)Si substrate. The capacitance of the specimen has increased fivefold over that of the original specimen. The crystallinity of deposited films was increased markedly by heat treatment. At the same time, the capacitance of the specimen increased. However, the oxidation of the Si substrate and the formation of a Bi-rich surface caused a drastic decrease in the capacitance of the specimen.
A chromogenic assay for screening large antibody libraries (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA chromogenic assay for screening large antibody librariesBing Gong, Scott A. Lesley, and Peter G. SchultzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 4, 1486–1487Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00030a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00030a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Slot Waveguide Incorporating a Sub-core (2009)

We propose a slot waveguide in which a sub-core is incorporated into the slot itself. We numerically simulate the waveguide under various conditions and show that the guided-wave can exhibit highly enhanced two-dimensional confinement.
Influence of Distal Resistance and Proximal Vascular Stiffness on Vascular Impedance and Hemodynamics in Pulmonary Hypertension: A Computational Study With Validation Using an Animal Model (2009)

Clinically, invasive measurement of pulmonary vascular flow and pressure provides the hemodynamic status of the pulmonary circulation with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Current diagnostics and therapeutics for PAH revolve around pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), which is determined by the mean pressure divided by mean flow [1]. Though PVR correlates well with right ventricular (RV) afterload, failure of which is the primary determinant of mortality [2–4], PVR does not provide the complete measure of RV afterload since it neglects dynamic impedance effects [4, 5]. Although we have shown that impedance predicts clinical outcomes better than PVR alone, several key questions remain about the relationship between hemodynamics and impedance changes in pulmonary hypertension.
In Vitro Evaluation of Aerosol Delivery by Different Nebulization Modes in Pediatric and Adult Mechanical Ventilators (2014)

Aerosol drug delivery with a jet nebulizer placed proximal to the ventilator was not dependent on nebulization mode during simulated pediatric and adult conventional mechanical ventilation. Use of expiratory intermittent mode and continuous nebulization should be considered to reduce treatment time.
Viral protein synthesis by tissues from avian leukosis virus-infected chickens. I. Susceptible chickens infected after hatching. (1977)

Chickens of susceptible line 15I were infected at hatching with avian leukosis virus. Viral protein synthesis was detected by showing 14 C amino acid incorporation into these proteins by tissues in vitro as shown by autoradiography of viral group-specific (gs) protein immunoelectrophoretic patterns. Synthesis of viral gs proteins p27, p15, and p12 was first detected in all tissues examined of 18-day-old chickens (thymus, spleen, bursa, liver, kidney, testis, ovary, and lung), continued up to 7 to 9 weeks, but could not be detected at 10 weeks, except in lung and genital organs. Grossly leukotic chickens showed gs protein synthesis primarily in the bursa and spleen but, depending on the degree of leukotic infiltration, also in the liver and kidney. Tissues from uninfected controls never showed any gs protein synthesis. The results indicated that all tissues tested were active in viral replication during the initial viremic stage of the disease, whereas during the leukotic stage, lymphoma cells were the predominant cell type active in viral protein synthesis. Enhanced IgG synthesis in spleen tissue from infected chickens during the viremic stage suggested the presence of a humoral immune response to the virus. Leukotic tissue also appeared to produce both IgM and IgG.
Subspace-constrained SINR optimization in MIMO full-duplex relays under limited dynamic range (2015)

In this paper, we propose a method for maximizing the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) in a wideband full-duplex MIMO regenerative relay that accounts limited dynamic range of the receiver and transmitter impairments. Transmit and receive filters are designed at the relay, by means of an alternating minimization algorithm, to minimize the interference at the decoder input in the destination node. We impose channel shortening and subspace constraints to ensure that the received signal at the destination is not compromised. Simulation results show that the presented method significantly outperforms other constrained approaches.
RECEPTOR‐MEDIATED ENDOCYTOSIS OF α2‐MACROGLOBULIN: SOLUBILIZATION AND PARTIAL PURIFICATION OF THE FIBROBLAST α2‐MACROGLOBULIN RECEPTOR (1983)

Recent studies in our laboratory have been aimed at biochemically characterizing the alpha 2M receptor present on fibroblast membranes. The approach we have taken is to develop a means of assessing binding to solubilized alpha 2M binding sites. The binding activity was not removed by treatment with high salt concentration or treatment with chaotropic agents. Removal of the binding activity from membranes did occur using a variety of detergents which suggests that the receptor molecules may be "intrinsic" membrane proteins. The most useful detergent for solubilizing the alpha 2M receptor was octyl-beta-D-glucoside. The alpha 2M binding activity could be removed from NRK fibroblasts and Vero cells using this detergent and was found to remain in solution at 100,000 X g. Removal of the octyl-beta-D-glucoside by extensive dialysis resulted in formation of protein-lipid aggregates that bind to 125I-alpha 2M specifically and with high affinity. Such binding sites were not generated when KB cells (which lack receptors) were extracted with the detergent. Significantly, the observed affinities detected for both high- and low-affinity binding sites were similar to those reported with intact cells or membranes. In addition, binding to the solubilized sites could be inhibited using compounds known to block the receptor-mediated endocytosis of alpha 2M (bacitracin, IBHNA). Other compounds (monensin, dansylcadaverine), which did not directly inhibit the high-affinity binding sites, may exert their effects at different stages in receptor-mediated endocytosis (i.e., receptor recycling). alpha 2M binding sites from NIH-3T3 (spontaneous) tumors have been purified approximately 95-fold by a combination of ion exchange and gel permeation chromatography. The receptor appears to be an acidic protein that approximately coelutes with aldolase (45 A, 158,000 daltons) on gel filtration. Ion exchange chromatography appears to remove an endogenous inhibitor of alpha 2M binding and may also remove binding sites having lower affinity for 125I-alpha 2M. Recent studies using immobilized alpha 2M as an affinity resin suggest that the high-affinity alpha 2M receptor may have a subunit molecular weight of approximately 85,000. Studies are now in progress aimed at further characterizing these high-affinity binding sites. Once bound to the alpha 2M receptor, alpha 2M enters cells via coated pits and is rapidly transferred to receptosomes. These organelles carry the ligand into the Golgi region, from which it is transferred to lysosomes where it is slowly degraded.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Real-time Expressive Avatar Animation Generation based on Monocular Videos (2022)

The technologies for generating real-time animated avatars are very useful in the fields of VR/AR animation and entertainment. Most of the existing studies, however, always require the technology of time-consuming motion capture at high cost. This paper proposes an efficient lightweight framework of dynamic avatar animation, which can generate all the facial expressions, gestures, and torso movements properly in real time. The entire technique is driven only by monocular camera videos. Specifically, the 3D posture and facial landmarks of the monocular videos can be calculated by using Blaze-pose key points in our proposed framework. Then, a novel adaptor mapping function is proposed to transform the kinematic topology into the rigid skeletons of avatars. Without the dependency of a high-cost motion capture instrument and also without the limitation of the topology, our approach produces avatar animations with a higher level of fidelity. Finally, animations, including lip movements, facial expressions, and limb motions, are generated in a unified framework, which allows our 3D virtual avatar to act exactly like a real person. We have conducted extensive experiments to demonstrate the efficacy of applications in real-time avatar-related research. Our project and software are publicly available for further research or practical use (https://github.com/xianfei/SysMocap/).
Soliton squeezing in a Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer (2001)

A scheme for generating amplitude squeezed light by means of soliton self-phase modulation is experimentally demonstrated. By injecting 180-fs pulses into an equivalent Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometer, a maximum noise reduction of $4.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.3$ dB is obtained $(6.3\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.6$ dB when corrected for losses). The dependence of noise reduction on the interferometer splitting ratio and fiber length is studied in detail.
Meta-analysis of aberrant brain activity in psychopathy (2017)

Introduction Psychopathy is characterized by superficial charm, untruthfulness, lack of remorse, antisocial behavior, egocentricity as well as poverty in major affective reactions. This clinical profile has been empirically conceptualized and validated. Recent brain imaging studies suggest abnormal brain activity underlying psychopathic behavior. However, no reliable pattern of altered neural activity has been disclosed so far. Objective To identify consistent changes of brain activity in psychopaths and to investigate whether these could explain known psychopathology. Methods First, we used activation likelihood estimation to meta-analyze brain activation changes in psychopaths across 28 functional magnetic resonance imaging studies reporting 753 foci from 155 analyses ( P &lt; 0.05, corrected). Second, we functionally characterized the ensuing regions employing meta-data of a large-scale neuroimaging database ( P &lt; 0.05, corrected). Results Psychopathy was consistently associated with decreased brain activity in the right amygdala, the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (DMPFC), and bilaterally in the lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC). Consistently increased activity was observed bilaterally in the fronto-insular cortex (FIC) (Fig. 1). Moreover, we found that the physiological functional role of the candidate regions related to social cognition (DMFPC), cognitive speech and semantic processing (left FIC/LPFC), emotional and cognitive reward processing (right amygdala/FIC) as well as somesthesis and executive functions (RLPFC). Conclusion Psychopathy is characterized by abnormal brain activity of bilateral prefrontal cortices and the right amygdala, which mediate psychological functions known to be impaired in psychopaths. Hence, aberrant neural activity can account for pertinent psychopathology in psychopathy. Disclosure of interest The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.