gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gestures by Children and Adults on Touch Tables and Touch Walls in a Public Science Center (2016)

Research on children's interactions with touchscreen devices has examined small and large screens and compared interaction to adults or among children of different ages. Little work has explicitly compared interaction on different platforms, however. Large touchscreen displays can be deployed flat, as in a table, or vertically, as on a wall. While these two form factors have been studied, it is not known what differences may exist between them. We present a study of visitors to a science museum, including children and their parents, who interacted with Google Earth on either a touch table or a touch wall. We compare the types of gestures and interactions attempted on each device and find several interesting results, including: users of all ages tend to make standard touchscreen gestures on both platforms, but children were more likely than adults to try new gestures. Users were more likely to perform two-handed, multi-touch gestures on the touch wall than on the touch table. Our findings will inform the design of future interactive applications for each platform.
DIFFUSION AND PHASE RELATIONSHIP STUDIES IN THE ALUMINA-SILICA SYSTEM. (1973)

Densities of Si0
III-N based electronics (2008)

Large current carrying capabilities of AlN/GaN/InN based heterostructures and high breakdown voltages make this materials system uniquely suited for applications in high power and/or high frequency electronic devices, including power amplifiers, broadband amplifiers, power switches, and radio frequency switches. AlGaN/GaN insulated gate transistors have additional advantages of extremely low leakage current, higher current swing, improved linearity, better reliability, and higher power. The use of high-K dielectrics in such structures is expected to further improve performance. Reliability issues that have slowed down commercialization of III-N electronics are now being resolved based on better understanding of device physics and device failure mechanisms.
Activation and Retention: A Magnetic Resonance Probe for the Detection of Acute Thrombosis (2013)

Abstract Blood‐clot formation that results in the complete occlusion of a blood vessel (thrombosis) often leads to serious life‐threatening events, such as strokes and heart attacks. As the composition of a thrombus changes as it matures, new imaging methods that are capable of distinguishing new clots from old clots may yield important diagnostic and prognostic information. To address this need, an activatable magnetic resonance (MR) probe that is responsive to a key biochemical process associated with recently formed clots has been developed.
Automated design of CRLH structures using co-design synthesis computational approach (2009)

An automated tool for designing CRLH structures using a co-design synthesis computational approach is proposed and demonstrated experimentally. The co-design approach uses a computation tool and an electromagnetic simulation tool to synthesize, simulate and optimize a balanced CRLH transmission line.
Theoretical. Simulation, and Experimental Comparison of GaN-based Two-level and Multilevel Converters (2022)

The size, weight, power density, cost, and efficiency are crucial factors that should be considered when designing or employing power electronics converters for a specific application. Therefore, comparing different converters to investigate which converter provides better figures of merit at the same application and operating condition is essential. This paper uses theoretical, simulation and experimental comparisons between the two-level and multilevel converters. The DC-DC two-level buck and the flying capacitor multilevel (FCML) buck converters are chosen to carry out the theoretical, simulation and experimental prototypes when both employ Gallium Nitride (GaN) power semiconductor switches. It was found that the FCML converter inherently provides superior performance and figures of merit over both the two-level and multilevel converters. Simulation and experimental results that validate each other are provided in this paper.
Interaction of tSNARE Syntaxin 18 with the Papillomavirus Minor Capsid Protein Mediates Infection (2005)

The papillomavirus capsid mediates binding to the cell surface and passage of the virion to the perinuclear region during infection. To better understand how the virus traffics across the cell, we sought to identify cellular proteins that bind to the minor capsid protein L2. We have identified syntaxin 18 as a protein that interacts with bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV1) L2. Syntaxin 18 is a target membrane-associated soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor (tSNARE) that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The ectopic expression of FLAG-tagged syntaxin 18, which disrupts ER trafficking, blocked BPV1 pseudovirion infection. Furthermore, the expression of FLAG-syntaxin 18 prevented the passage of BPV1 pseudovirions to the perinuclear region that is consistent with the ER. Genetic studies identified a highly conserved L2 domain, DKILK, comprising residues 40 to 44 that mediated BPV1 trafficking through the ER during infection via an interaction with the tSNARE syntaxin 18. Mutations within the DKILK motif of L2 that did not significantly impact virion morphogenesis or binding at the cell surface prevented the L2 interaction with syntaxin 18 and disrupted BPV1 infection.
Proteomic Analysis Reveals Differentially Regulated Protein Acetylation in Human Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spinal Cord (2013)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease that primarily affects motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors have neuroprotective effects potentially useful for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases including ALS; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying their potential efficacy is not well understood. Here we report that protein acetylation in urea-soluble proteins is differently regulated in post-mortem ALS spinal cord. Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) analysis reveals several protein clusters with similar molecular weight but different charge status. Liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identifies glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) as the dominant component in the protein clusters. Further analysis indicates six heavily acetylated lysine residues at positions 89, 153, 189, 218, 259 and 331 of GFAP. Immunoprecipitation followed by Western blotting confirms that the larger form of GFAP fragments are acetylated and upregulated in ALS spinal cord. Further studies demonstrate that acetylation of the proteins additional to GFAP is differently regulated, suggesting that acetylation and/or deacetylation play an important role in pathogenesis of ALS.
Does Smoking Affect Treatment Allocation and Outcomes in Patients with Rotator Cuff Tears? (2015)

Objectives: The objectives of this study were (1) to assess the influence of smoking status on treatment allocation (surgical versus non-surgical management) and (2) to compare the short-term functional outcomes of surgical and non-surgical treatment of rotator cuff tears between smokers and non-smokers. Methods: In the context of a prospective pragmatic cohort study we included 196 subjects with known full-thickness rotator cuff tears who were followed prospectively for 48 weeks. The Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, and visual analogue pain scores were collected at baseline, 4, 8, 16, 32, and 48 weeks. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine predictors of treatment allocation. Generalized linear models and t-tests were used to assess the effect of smoking on outcome measures at baseline. Mixed-effects repeated measures regression models were used to assess the effect of smoking on the outcomes after surgical and non-surgical management of rotator cuff tears. Results: The non-smoking group was older than the smoking group (61.4 years vs. 54.2, p=0.0004). Twenty-two percent of the surgical group and 12% of the non-surgical group were smokers. There was no significant difference between smokers and non-smokers in regards to the proportion of patients who were obese, had diabetes, had experienced rotator cuff tear symptoms for more than a year, had utilized physical therapy, had a large RCT, or who had received workers’ compensation. Smoking status was not significantly associated with allocation to surgical versus non-surgical treatment (OR=0.85, p= 0.762). After adjustment for covariates, subjects who smoked reported less favorable baseline adjusted WORC scores (40.9 vs. 54.5, p=0.0008), lower ASES scores (43.0 vs. 59.9, p=0.0001), as well as worse pain scores (59.5 vs. 42.9, p=0.0001). Within the non-surgical management group, smokers reported significantly lower adjusted WORC scores (38.0 vs. 56.8, p=0.0127), lower ASES scores (39.2 vs. 61.6, p=0.0872), and worse pain (61.9 vs. 42.1, p=0.0176) over 48 months. Similarly, in patients who underwent rotator cuff repair, smokers reported significantly lower adjusted WORC scores (31.1 vs. 40.4, p=0.0352), lower ASES scores (37.7 vs. 50.0, p=0.0143), and worse pain scores (63.2 vs. 51.5, p=0.0408) over the 48-week follow-up period. Conclusion: Subjects who smoked reported worse pain and function scores at baseline and over the course of one year, regardless of whether they received surgical or nonsurgical management. Smoking was not a significant predictor of treatment allocation in this cohort. The disparity in reported function and pain in smokers was less pronounced in those who underwent surgical repair than those who received non-surgical management therapy. Further follow up is needed to more clearly elucidate the influence of smoking on the management and outcome of rotator cuff tears.
Monitoring moisture distribution in textile materials using grating interferometry and ptychographic X-ray imaging (2014)

Employing two recently developed X-ray imaging techniques, we investigated methods for observing moisture at different length scales in organic fibers and textiles. Using the coherent diffractive imaging technique of ptychographic tomography, structural features in a single coated wool fiber in both dry and humid conditions were observed at about 200 nm resolution. The reconstructed three-dimensional images yield quantitative information about the spatial density distribution in the fiber, showing that the fiber swells laterally by 8–9% in humid conditions. We further explore the applicability of grating interferometry, also known as Talbot imaging, for studying humidity transport in woven cotton, with a resolution on the order of 100 µm and a field of view of a few square centimeters. Grating interferometry inherently gives access to three complementary imaging modalities, namely absorption-, phase- and dark-field contrast, and we demonstrate that all of them are valuable and provide complementary information for the purpose of monitoring moisture in textiles.
Fatigue Performance of an Additively Manufactured Zr-Based Bulk Metallic Glass and the Effect of Post-Processing (2021)

Fatigue is the most common cause of failure of mechanical parts in engineering applications. In the current work, we investigate the fatigue life of a bulk metallic (BMG) glass fabricated via additive manufacturing. Specimens fabricated via laser powder-bed fusion (LPBF) are shown to have a fatigue ratio of 0.20 (fatigue limit of 175 MPa) in a three-point bending fatigue test. Three strategies for improving the fatigue behavior were tested, namely (1) relaxation heat treatment, giving a slight fatigue life improvement at high loading conditions (≥250 MPa), (2) laser shock peening, and (3) changing the build orientation, the latter two of which yielded no significant effects. It was found that the presence of lack of fusion (LoF) had the preponderant effect on fatigue resistance of the specimens manufactured. LoF was observed to be a source of stress localization and initiation of cracks. The fatigue life in BMGs fabricated by LPBF is thus primarily influenced by powder quality and process-induced defects, which cannot be removed by the post-treatments carried out in this study. It is believed that a slight increase in laser power, either in the near-surface regions or in the core of the specimens, could improve the fatigue behavior despite the associated (detrimental) increase of crystallized fraction.
Objective functions: (In)humanity and inequity in artificial intelligence (2019)

It is hard to say which is more satisfying: the discovery of order in the material world (science), or the imposition of order on that world (technology). When human language takes material form, through digital computing and information storage devices, it seems even more satisfying to treat knowledge itself as the object of either science or craft. In Cambridge, we hedge our bets between these options, with departments of both Computer Science and Information Engineering. In this essay, I explore new methods of “machine learning” that have swept both departments, promising an information-theoretic revolution in artificial intelligence. I focus in particular on the subjectivities embedded in these mechanical systems, and the human satisfactions and ambitions in constructing them. Key questions include the relationship between order and information, common sense and classification, and the necessity of mathematical objective functions.
Automated Quantification of Enlarged Perivascular Spaces in Clinical Brain MRI across Sites (2019)

Abstract Enlarged perivascular spaces (PVS) are structural brain changes visible in MRI, and are a marker of cerebral small vessel disease. Most studies use time-consuming and subjective visual scoring to assess these structures. Recently, automated methods to quantify enlarged perivascular spaces have been proposed. Most of these methods have been evaluated only in high resolution scans acquired in controlled research settings. We evaluate and compare two recently published automated methods for the quantification of enlarged perivascular spaces in 76 clinical scans acquired from 9 different scanners. Both methods are neural networks trained on high resolution research scans and are applied without fine-tuning the networks parameters. By adapting the preprocessing of clinical scans, regions of interest similar to those computed from research scans can be processed. The first method estimates only the number of PVS, while the second method estimates simultaneously also a high resolution attention map that can be used to detect and segment PVS. The Pearson correlations between visual and automated scores of enlarged perivascular spaces were higher with the second method. With this method, in the centrum semiovale, the correlation was similar to the inter-rater agreement, and also similar to the performance in high resolution research scans. Results were slightly lower than the inter-rater agreement for the hippocampi, and noticeably lower in the basal ganglia. By computing attention maps, we show that the neural networks focus on the enlarged perivascular spaces. Assessing the burden of said structures in the centrum semiovale with the automated scores reached a satisfying performance, could be implemented in the clinic and, e.g., help predict the bleeding risk related to cerebral amyloid angiopathy.
Diagnostic visualization for non-expert machine learning practitioners: A design study (2016)

As machine learning (ML) becomes increasingly popular, developers without deep experience in ML - who we will refer to as ML practitioners - are facing the need to diagnose problems with ML models. Yet successful diagnosis requires high-level expertise that practitioners lack. As in many complex data-oriented domains, visualization could help. This two-phase study explored the design of visualizations to aid ML diagnosis. In phase 1, twelve ML practitioners were asked to diagnose a model using ten state-of-the-art visualizations; seven design themes were identified. In phase 2, several design themes were embodied in an interactive visualization. The visualization was used to engage practitioners in a participatory design exercise that explored how they would carry out multi-step diagnosis using the visualization. Our findings provide design implications for tools that better support ML diagnosis by non-expert practitioners.
Conventions for the Use of the Session Description Protocol (SDP) for Circuit-Switched Bearer Connections in the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) (2008)

This memo describes use cases, requirements, and protocol extensions
for using the Session Description Protocol (SDP) Offer/Answer model
for establishing audio media streams over circuit-switched bearers in
the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).
Behavior of hydrated electrons in micellar solution. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-cetylpyridinium chloride mixed micelles (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBehavior of hydrated electrons in micellar solution. Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide-cetylpyridinium chloride mixed micellesLarry K. Patterson and M. GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1975, 79, 10, 956–960Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100577a002https://doi.org/10.1021/j100577a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views146Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Radical hysterectomy for cervical cancer in obese women (2000)

In this carefully selected obese group, we demonstrate that radical hysterectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection can be performed with adequate surgical resection, acceptable morbidity, and excellent survival.
Enhanced photoluminescence from nanopatterned carbon-rich silicon grown by solid-phase epitaxy (2007)

Photoluminescence from the dicarbon G center in nanopatterned silicon is investigated. Enrichment of silicon with carbon atoms has been achieved by solid-phase epitaxy. When this carbon enrichment is combined with nanopatterning, The authors found a 33-fold increase in the G line emission intensity to a level that is comparable to the band-edge photoluminescence. Significant linewidth broadening is observed and is attributed to lattice strain associated with the nanopatterning.
Media Gateway Control Protocol Fax Package (2008)

This document defines a Media Gateway Control Protocol (MGCP) package to support fax calls. The package allows for fax calls to be supported in two different ways. The first one utilizes ITU-T Recommendation T.38 for fax relay under the control of the Call Agent. The second one lets the gateway decide upon a method for fax transmission as well as handle the details of the fax call without Call Agent involvement.
Amino Acid Changes in the Influenza A Virus PA Protein That Attenuate Avian H5N1 Viruses in Mammals (2014)

Highly pathogenic influenza viruses of the H5N1 subtype cause severe respiratory infections in humans, which have resulted in death in nearly two-thirds of the patients with laboratory-confirmed cases. We found that the viral PA polymerase subunit of several H5N1 viruses possesses amino acid changes that attenuate virus replication in mammalian cells (yet the H5N1 viruses possessing these mutations are highly pathogenic in mice). Specifically, we found that an arginine-to-lysine substitution at position 185 of an H5N1 virus PA protein significantly affected that virus's virulence and pathogenicity in mice. The PA protein thus plays a role in the pathogenicity of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses.
Overview of CENS Statistics and Data Practices Research (2009)

Data, statistical models and inferential procedures permeate CENS deployments, from the four founding scientific application areas to the more recent urban sensing campaigns. This cross-center research breaks down into three classes of research: 1) General statistical models for embedded sensing, with specific applications to data quality and continuous sampling, 2) Significant CENS-designed and supported databases and repositories, and 3) Studies into the data lifecycle for embedded sensing systems.
Genome-wide RNAi Screening to Identify Host Factors That Modulate Oncolytic Virus Therapy (2018)

High-throughput genome-wide RNAi (RNA interference) screening technology has been widely used for discovering host factors that impact virus replication. Here we present the application of this technology to uncovering host targets that specifically modulate the replication of Maraba virus, an oncolytic rhabdovirus, and vaccinia virus with the goal of enhancing therapy. While the protocol has been tested for use with oncolytic Maraba virus and oncolytic vaccinia virus, this approach is applicable to other oncolytic viruses and can also be utilized for identifying host targets that modulate virus replication in mammalian cells in general. This protocol describes the development and validation of an assay for high-throughput RNAi screening in mammalian cells, the key considerations and preparation steps important for conducting a primary high-throughput RNAi screen, and a step-by-step guide for conducting a primary high-throughput RNAi screen; in addition, it broadly outlines the methods for conducting secondary screen validation and tertiary validation studies. The benefit of high-throughput RNAi screening is that it allows one to catalogue, in an extensive and unbiased fashion, host factors that modulate any aspect of virus replication for which one can develop an in vitro assay such as infectivity, burst size, and cytotoxicity. It has the power to uncover biotherapeutic targets unforeseen based on current knowledge.
An integrated geometric driven bipolar analog/digital standard cell and semi custom design environment (2002)

An integrated geometric driven bipolar analog/digital standard cells and semicustom design environment is presented. The semicustom design environment consists of schematic entry, circuit simulation, statistical simulation, schematic-driven symbolic cell/block layout, and verification, while the standard cell design environment contains schematic entry, behavioral simulation, verification, and place and route.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Expression of Tas1 Taste Receptors in Mammalian Spermatozoa: Functional Role of Tas1r1 in Regulating Basal Ca2+ and cAMP Concentrations in Spermatozoa (2012)

Since Ca²⁺ and cAMP control fundamental processes during the sequential process of fertilization, we propose that the identified taste receptors and coupled signaling cascades keep sperm in a chronically quiescent state until they arrive in the vicinity of the egg - either by constitutive receptor activity and/or by tonic receptor activation by gradients of diverse chemical compounds in different compartments of the female reproductive tract.