gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic4D: Single View Reconstruction of Repetitious Activity Using Longitudinal Self-Supervision. (2021)

Reconstructing 4D vehicular activity (3D space and time) from cameras is useful for autonomous vehicles, commuters and local authorities to plan for smarter and safer cities. Traffic is inherently repetitious over long periods, yet current deep learning-based 3D reconstruction methods have not considered such repetitions and have difficulty generalizing to new intersection-installed cameras. We present a novel approach exploiting longitudinal (long-term) repetitious motion as self-supervision to reconstruct 3D vehicular activity from a video captured by a single fixed camera. Starting from off-the-shelf 2D keypoint detections, our algorithm optimizes 3D vehicle shapes and poses, and then clusters their trajectories in 3D space. The 2D keypoints and trajectory clusters accumulated over long-term are later used to improve the 2D and 3D keypoints via self-supervision without any human annotation. Our method improves reconstruction accuracy over state of the art on scenes with a significant visual difference from the keypoint detector's training data, and has many applications including velocity estimation, anomaly detection and vehicle counting. We demonstrate results on traffic videos captured at multiple city intersections, collected using our smartphones, YouTube, and other public datasets.
Fine servo system based on new over-modulation with priority given to d-axis voltage for IPMSM (2010)

This paper proposes a new fine servo system based on a new over-modulation method with priority given to d-axis voltage for interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM). The proposed over-modulation method gives priority to the d-axis voltage to avoid the d-axis voltage saturation, and increases the amplitude of inverter output voltage to achieve the quick torque and speed responses under voltage saturation. The proposed system prevents oscillatory current responses caused by the windup phenomenon in current controllers, and achieves quick and stable speed response through the stable current response and the large amplitude of inverter output voltage. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed servo system.
Fault detection for Byzantine quorum systems (2001)

In this paper, we explore techniques to detect Byzantine server failures in asynchronous replicated data services. Our goal is to detect arbitrary failures of data servers in a system where each client accesses the replicated data at only a subset (quorum) of servers in each operation. In such a system, some correct servers can be out-of-date after a write and can therefore, return values other than the most up-to-date value in response to a client's read request, thus complicating the task of determining the number of faulty servers in the system at any point in time. We initiate the study of detecting server failures in this context, and propose two statistical approaches for estimating the risk posed by faulty servers based on responses to read requests.
Fundamental Study on Thermo-Hydraulics during Start-Up in Natural Circulation Boiling Water Reactors, (II) (1993)

Abstract The authors have been investigating the fundamentals of thermo-hydraulic instabilities which may appear during the start-up in natural circulation BWRs in order to understand their driving mechanisms and to examine the methods preventing their occurrence with an aim of establishing a rational start-up procedure and reactor configuration. In this paper, ‘Natural Circulation Oscillation’ was investigated experimentally under various conditions of heat input, inlet subcooling and non-heated riser length to reveal the driving mechanism and its feature. As a result, it was made clear that the in-phase natural circulation oscillation was induced in parallel channels by hydrostatic head fluctuation in a long vertical non-heated channel such as steam separators and a divided chimney in natural circulation BWRs due to alternate flow of vapor and liquid therein while the vapor generation rate is insufficient.
Total Synthesis, Revised Structure, and Biological Evaluation of Biyouyanagin A and Analogues Thereof (2008)

Isolated from Hypericum species H. chinese L. var. salicifolium, biyouyanagin A was assigned structure 1a or 1b on the basis of NMR spectroscopic analysis. This novel natural product exhibited significant anti-HIV properties and inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced cytokine production. Described herein are the total syntheses of biyouyanagin A and several analogues (3-11), structural revision of biyouyanagin A to 2b, and the biological properties of all synthesized compounds. The total synthesis proceeded through cascade sequences that efficiently produced enantiomerically pure key building blocks 15b (ent-zingiberene) and 18 (hyperolactone C) and featured a novel [2 + 2] photoinduced cycloaddition reaction which occurred with complete regio- and stereoselectivity. Biological investigations with the synthesized biyouyangagins A (2-11) and hyperolactones C (12-16) revealed that the activity of biyouyanagin A most likely resides in its hyperolactone C structural domain.
Orally Administered SP-333, a Guanylate Cyclase-C Agonist, Acts Locally in the Lumen of the Distal Intestine to Ameliorate DSS-induced Colitis in Mice (2012)

Purpose: Uroguanylin (UG) and guanylin (GN) are the physiological natriuretic peptide hormones that activate guanylate cyclase-C (GC-C) to stimulate production of cyclic GMP, a second messenger known to mediate anti-inflammatory effects of cellular molecules such as nitric oxide and hemeoxygenase-1. Subsequently, we also reported that SP-333, a highly potent and proteolysis-resistant analog of UG, ameliorated GI inflammation in murine colitis models via downregulation of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines. Therapeutic doses of orally delivered SP-333 are not systemically absorbed in naïve mice and monkeys. However, the possibility that SP-333 might be systemically absorbed through the leaky inflamed gastrointestinal (GI) mucosa is completely not excluded. The objective of this study was to determine if orally administered SP-333 is systemically absorbed by the inflamed mucosa in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-treated mice. Methods: Colitis in BDF1 mice was induced by 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) mixed in drinking water. At different days after DSS-treatment, a single oral dose of SP-333 (50 mg/kg/day) was administered. Mice were sacrificed at incremental time intervals from 5 to 480 min after the SP-333 dose. Blood plasma was collected and plasma was analyzed by a sensitive LC-MS/MS method (LOQ: 1 ng/mL) to measure SP-333 levels. H&E stained colonic tissue sections were assessed for colitis by a pathologist blinded to the treatment group. Tissue sections were also scored for expression of Ki-67. Myeloperoxidase activity was measured in colon tissue to asses inflammation. Results: Consistent with our earlier results, oral treatment with SP-333 ameliorated DSS-induced colitis in mice. The therapeutic dose of SP-333 to ameliorate colitis in mice was in the range of 0.05 to 5 mg/kg. The data from the pharmacokinetics measurements showed that orally administered SP-333 even at 50 mg/kg, a 10-fold higher dose than the highest therapeutic dose, was not systemically absorbed in mice even with severe colitis. These results suggest that orally administered SP-333 acts locally in the lumen of distal intestine to ameliorate colitis. Conclusion: This is the first study demonstrating that orally administered SP-333 acts locally in the GI lumen to ameliorate DSS-induced colitis. Previously, we reported that expression of UG is significantly reduced within the colon of DSS-treated mice and that the reduced expression of UG following DSS treatment was partially restored after treatment with plecanatide, an analog of UG. Thus, oral treatment with SP-333 may represent a replacement therapy with which to reverse deficiency of UG and ameliorate colitis. An IND on evaluation of SP-333 for treatment of ulcerative colitis is scheduled to be submitted shortly. Disclosure: All authors are employees of Synergy Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
A Tunable RF Front-End With Narrowband Antennas for Mobile Devices (2015)

In conventional full-duplex radio communication systems, the transmitter (Tx) is active at the same time as the receiver (Rx). The isolation between the Tx and the Rx is ensured by duplex filters. However, an increasing number of long-term evolution (LTE) bands crave multiband operation. Therefore, a new front-end architecture, addressing the increasing number of LTE bands, as well as multiple standards, is presented. In such an architecture, the Tx and Rx chains are separated throughout the front-end. Addition of bands is solved by making the antennas and filters tunable. Banks of duplex filters are replaced by tunable filters and antennas, providing a duplexer function over the air between the Tx and the Rx. A hardware system has been designed and fabricated to demonstrate the performance of this front-end architecture. Measurements demonstrate how the architecture addresses inter-modulation and Rx desensitization due to the Tx signal. The filters and antennas demonstrate tunability across multiple bands. System validation is detailed for LTE band I. Frequency response, as well as linearity measurements of the complete Tx and Rx front-end chains, show that the system requirements are fulfilled.
ChemInform Abstract: Atom Transfer Cyclization Reactions of α‐Iodo Esters, Ketones, and Malonates: Examples of Selective 5‐Exo, 6‐Endo, 6‐Exo, and 7‐Endo Ring Closures. (1989)

Abstract α‐Iodo ω‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds such as (I) or (V) are subjected to radical‐induced cyclization reactions, initiated either by the use of AIBN or by irradiation with sun light in the presence of a hexaalkyldistannane.
2-N-Benzyl-2,6-dideoxy-2,6-imino-3,4-O-isopropylidene-3-C-methyl-D-allononitrile (2012)

X-ray crystallography firmly established the relative stereochemistry of the title compound, C(17)H(22)N(2)O(3). The absolute configuration was determined by use of 2-C-methyl-d-ribonolactone as the starting material. The compound exists as O-H⋯N hydrogen-bonded chains of mol-ecules running parallel to the a-axis.
Preliminary study of rib articulated model based on dynamic fluoroscopy images (2014)

We present in this paper a preliminary study of rib motion tracking during Interventional Radiology (IR) fluoroscopy guided procedures. It consists in providing a physician with moving rib three-dimensional (3D) models projected in the fluoroscopy plane during a treatment. The strategy is to help to quickly recognize the target and the no-go areas i.e. the tumor and the organs to avoid. The method consists in i) elaborating a kinematic model of each rib from a preoperative computerized tomography (CT) scan, ii) processing the on-line fluoroscopy image and iii) optimizing the parameters of the kinematic law such as the transformed 3D rib projected on the medical image plane fit well with the previously processed image. The results show a visually good rib tracking that has been quantitatively validated by showing a periodic motion as well as a good synchronism between ribs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetraazatriphenylenes as Extremely Efficient Antenna Chromophores for Luminescent Lanthanoid Ions. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Applicability of the German Food Based Dietary Guidelines for Infancy to Estimate Exposure to Substances in Food – The Example of Erucic Acid (2021)

The objective of this study was to use the recommended total daily food amounts of the German ‘Dietary Scheme for the first year of life’ (for the first time) to calculate the potential exposure of substances in the infant diet from a public health perspective. Erucic acid was taken as a concrete example, because the European Food Safety Agency (EFSA) recently issued a Tolerable Daily Intake (TDI) for erucic acid with a special note that vulnerable groups, especially young children, may be particularly at risk of exceeding the TDI. The age of about 1 month with the highest consumption per kg body weight was chosen for scenarios for the phase of exclusive milk feeding, the age of about 8 months for the CF phase. Principle of calculation was: erucic acid exposure = food consumption volume per kg bodyweight per day x erucic acid concentration in food (from European studies for breastmilk, EFSA food samples for formula, current German market analysis for rapeseed oil, EU food law). We calculated 6 scenarios for the milk phase (4 formula-feeding, 2 breastfeeding) and 8 scenarios for the CF phase (5 CF + formula-feeding, 3 CF + breastfeeding). Out of the 14 scenarios, only 3 resulted in exposures in the safe range below the TDI (range 4.4.– 6.0 mg/kg BW). All scenarios assuming either high consumption (p95) or high concentration led to high exceedances of the TDI (range 7.5–26.2 mg/kg BW), especially when using maximum values of EU law for formula or vegetable oils (33.6 and 43.2 mg/kg BW respectively). The Dietary Scheme proved to be a suitable frame to calculate the potential exposure of substances in foods forming the daily infant diet. The results give cause for concern, as the calculated high exposure to erucic acid in the scenarios occurs during infancy as a particularly sensitive developmental period and results from the food-based recommendations as public health guidelines. Considering the scarcity of data, in addition to the proven low erucic acid concentrations in rapeseed oil in Germany, it is imperative to analyze the erucic acid content of mature breast milk and formula as well. Union for the Promotion of Oil and Protein Plants (UFOP, Berlin, Germany).
Renal Cell Carcinoma With Retroperitoneal Lymph Nodes: Role of Lymph Node Dissection (2003)

Regional lymph node dissection is unnecessary in patients with clinically negative lymph nodes since it offers extremely limited staging information and no benefit in terms of decreasing disease recurrence or improving survival. In patients with positive lymph nodes lymph node dissection is associated with improved survival when it is performed in carefully selected patients undergoing cytoreductive nephrectomy and postoperative immunotherapy. When lymph nodes are present, they should be resected when technically feasible.
DDIS-12. ONC201: THE FIRST SELECTIVE, NON-COMPETITIVE DRD2/3 ANTAGONIST FOR CLINICAL NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2018)

ONC201 has exhibited preliminary clinical evidence of anti-tumor activity and safety in high grade glioma patients. In this study, we identified and characterized a previously unknown binding target of ONC201. BANDIT – a machine learning-based target identification platform – predicted that ONC201 would bind with high selectivity to the G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) dopamine receptor D2(DRD2) and D3 (DRD3). DRD2 is overexpressed in glioma, controls pro-survival mechanisms, and its antagonism causes glioma apoptosis. β-arrestin and cAMP assays determined that ONC201 selectively antagonizes DRD2/3. Consistent with BANDIT and in contrast to antipsychotics that antagonize DRD2, ONC201 did not antagonize other dopamine receptors or other GPCRs. Schild analyses and radioligand competition assays revealed DRD2 antagonism at concentrations consistent with ONC201 anticancer activity. In accordance with superior selectivity, ONC201 exhibited a wider therapeutic window compared to antipsychotics. Combined DRD2/DRD1 inhibition was found to be inferior to DRD2 inhibition alone, suggesting that selectively targeting D2-like receptors yields superior anti-cancer efficacy. ONC201 exhibited a very slow association rate for DRD2 relative to antipsychotics, whereas the dissociation rate was similar to atypical antipsychotics that do not cause extrapyramidal symptoms. Alanine scanning mutagenesis of DRD2 identified 6 residues that are critical for ONC201-mediated antagonism of DRD2 and located in orthosteric and allosteric sites. Molecular docking revealed orthosteric interactions at TM-II and an allosteric interaction at the interface of TM-IV and –V that mediates the DRD2 homodimer interface. These orthosteric and allosteric interactions exhibited predicted affinities associated with the observed competitive and non-competitive effects, respectively, and point mutations at either site increased the Ki of ONC201 in competition assays with radiolabeled methyl-spiperone. In summary, we identify both non-competitive and competitive antagonism of DRD2 by ONC201 that may explain its unique selectivity, safety, and anti-cancer activity in clinical trials as the first compound to target this receptor for oncology.
2017 HRS/EHRA/ECAS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus statement on catheter and surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation: Executive summary (2017)

Symptomatic AF prior to initiation of antiarrhythmic therapy with a Class I or III antiarrhythmic medication Paroxysmal: Surgical ablation is reasonable. IIa
Intermuscular coherence in spinocerebellar ataxias 3 and 6: a preliminary study (2023)

<b>Objective</b> : Spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) are familial neurodegenerative diseases involving the cerebellum and spinocerebellar tracts. While there is variable involvement of corticospinal tracts (CST), dorsal root ganglia, and motor neurons in SCA3, SCA6 is characterized by a pure, late-onset ataxia. Abnormal intermuscular coherence in the beta-gamma frequency range (IMCbg) implies lack of integrity of CST or the afferent input from the acting muscles. We test the hypothesis that IMCbg has the potential to be a biomarker of disease activity in SCA3 but not SCA6. <b>Methods:</b> Intermuscular coherence between biceps and brachioradialis muscles was measured from surface EMG waveforms in SCA3 (N=16) and SCA6 (N=20) patients, and in neurotypical subjects (N=23). <b>Results:</b> IMC peak frequencies were present in the b range in SCA patients and in the g range in neurotypical subjects. The difference between IMC amplitudes in the g and b ranges was significant when comparing neurotypical control subjects to SCA3 (p < 0.01) and SCA6 (p = 0.01) patients. IMCbg amplitude was smaller in SCA3 patients compared to neurotypical subjects (p<0.05), but not different between SCA3 and SCA6 patients or between SCA6 and neurotypical subjects. <b>Conclusion/significance:</b> IMC metrics can differentiate SCA patients from normal controls.
Magnesium Doping Controlled Density and Mobility of Two-Dimensional Electron Gas in Mg$_{x}$Zn$_{1-x}$O/ZnO Heterostructures (2011)

The magnesium content in Mg_xZn_(1-x)O/ZnO heterostructures grown by molecular beam epitaxy enables the careful control of the carrier density of the two-dimensional electron system down to 5.6×10¹⁹ cm⁻² while retaining a mobility of 200,000 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ when pursuing magnesium concentrations as low as x = 0.0038. By selecting an optimum magnesium content (x~0.01), the mobility is enhanced to over 700,000 cm² V⁻¹ s⁻¹ due to reduced impurity levels associated with the use of pure distilled ozone and avoiding interface roughness scattering. This control technique allows access to the coherent transport region with strong electron–electron interaction.
Correction: Intraluminal Flagellin Differentially Contributes to Gut Dysbiosis and Systemic Inflammation following Burn Injury (2017)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166770.].
MACCS: (2007)

In many work environments there is a growing component of employees whose job tasks require them to be mobile within their local workspace. Examples of these types of workers can be found in many service and industrial markets including healthcare, manufacturing, and retail. Our goal was to see if we could address the communications needs of these mobile workers by using a small, inexpensive, wearable, hands-free audio device (a wireless headset) along with a speech interface to an intelligent agent. The market segment that we chose to target was the healthcare industry because it is ripe for the introduction of new technology that can positively influence patient care. In this paper we describe the design, implementation and real-world deployment of our Mobile Access to Converged Communications System (MACCS) that empowers mobile workers with a hands-free voice interface to manage their communications.
Correlation of fabrication tolerances with the performance of guided-mode-resonance micro-optical components (2009)

Large-scale fabrication of micro-optical Guided-Mode-Resonance (GMR) components using VLSI techniques is desirable, due to the planar system integration capabilities it enables, especially with laser resonator technology. However, GMR performance is dependent on within-wafer as well as wafer-to-wafer lithographic process variability, and pattern transfer fidelity of the final component in the substrate. The fabrication of lithographs below the g-line stepper resolution limit is addressed using multiple patterning. We report results from computational simulations, fabrication and optical reflectance measurements of GMR mirrors and filters (designed to perform around the wavelength of 1550nm), with correlations to lithographic parameter variability, such as photoresist exposure range and etch depth. The dependence of the GMR resonance peak wavelength, peak bandwidth are analyzed as a function of photolithographic fabrication tolerances and process window.
High-resolution nanoscale NMR for arbitrary magnetic fields (2023)

Abstract Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers are a major platform for the detection of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signals on the nanoscale. To overcome the intrinsic electron spin lifetime limit in spectral resolution a heterodyne detection approach is widely used. However, application of this technique at high magnetic fields (&gt; 0.1 T) is yet an unsolved problem. Here we introduce a heterodyne detection method utilizing a series of phase coherent electron nuclear double resonance sensing blocks, thus eliminating the need for the application of numerous Rabi microwave pulses in the detection scheme. As a result our detection protocol can be extended to high magnetic fields, which allow chemical shift resolution in NMR experiments. We demonstrate this principle on a weakly coupled 13C nuclear spin in the bath surrounding single NV centers, while comparing the results to existing heterodyne protocols. This work paves the way towards high field nanoscale heterodyne NMR protocols with chemical resolution.
Advancements in AAV-mediated Gene Therapy for Pompe Disease (2019)

Pompe disease (glycogen storage disease type II) is caused by mutations in acid α-glucosidase (GAA) resulting in lysosomal pathology and impairment of the muscular and cardio-pulmonary systems. Enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), the only approved therapy for Pompe disease, improves muscle function by reducing glycogen accumulation but this approach entails several limitations including a short drug half-life and an antibody response that results in reduced efficacy. To address these limitations, new treatments such as gene therapy are under development to increase the intrinsic ability of the affected cells to produce GAA. Key components to gene therapy strategies include the choice of vector, promoter, and the route of administration. The efficacy of gene therapy depends on the ability of the vector to drive gene expression in the target tissue and also on the recipient's immune tolerance to the transgene protein. In this review, we discuss the preclinical and clinical studies that are paving the way for the development of a gene therapy strategy for patients with early and late onset Pompe disease as well as some of the challenges for advancing gene therapy.