gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly of very fine pitches Infrared focal plane array with indium micro balls (2019)

Flip chip is a high-density and highly reliable interconnection technology, which is mandatory for the fabrication of high end heterogeneous imaging arrays. In the field of cooled infrared detectors, indium balls interconnections technology is well mastered and widely used down to $10\mu m$ pitch. Control of ultra-fine pitch $(\lt 10\mu m)$ and high interconnections count flip-chip bonding technology represents a challenge on the roadmap of next generation devices. In the context of the common laboratory DEFIR with LYNRED (ex SOFRADIR), CEA-LETI has addressed the issue of assembling very small pitches focal-plane-arrays (FPA). First, we developed new wafer level processes and managed to produce Under Bump Metallization (UBM) and indium micro balls at pitches as in e as 7,5 $\mu m$ and 5 $\mu m$. These balls arrays were used to develop bonding processes on mechanical and electrical test vehicles up to a resolution of 1280 x1024 pixels. We investigated in details the influence of many aspects of the process such as the flatness difference that can be caught up, the alignment accuracy, the formation of Inter Metallic Compounds (IMC) at UBM/In interface. These new processes were successfully used to solder CMT (Cadmium Mercury Tellurium) TV range (640x512 pixels) detectors at 7,5 $\mu m$ pitch onto ROICs specially designed to fulfil the project’s needs. First electro-optical characterizations revealed a connection rate higher than 99% andit has been possible to acquire IR pictures. In addition, some ageing tests have been performed on these functional detectors and an electrical (with daisy chains) 2k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> demonstrator at 5 $\mu m$ pitch is to be achieved.
SON conflict diagnosis in heterogeneous networks (2015)

In trying to meet the demands of traffic hungry users, mobile network operators are faced with increased CAPital EXpenditures (CAPEX) and OPerational EXpenditures (OPEX). The Self Organizing Network (SON) functions have been introduced by 3GPP as a means to cut down these costs. There are mainly 3 categories of such functions: self-configuration, self-optimization and self-healing. In this paper we focus on the second which represents the SON functions performing a runtime optimization of the network. We center our attention on LTE heterogeneous networks. Having several SON functions in a network may lead to conflicts and potentially to bad network Key Performance Indicators (KPIs). Thus a troubleshooting mechanism has to be envisaged. Such a mechanism typically contains 3 steps: fault detection, cause diagnosis and solution deployment. In this paper we tackle the first two and we study the feasibility of using the Naive Bayes Classifier (NBC) in order to build a framework for SON Conflict Diagnosis (SONCD). We provide numeric results proving the feasibility of the framework.
Supplementary Figures from Targeting Multiple Myeloma with AMG 424, a Novel Anti-CD38/CD3 Bispecific T-cell–recruiting Antibody Optimized for Cytotoxicity and Cytokine Release (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figures S1 to S16&lt;/p&gt;
Hyperglycaemia and neurological injury (2008)

Purpose of review Clinical and experimental data suggest that hypergylcaemia lowers the ischaemic neuronal threshold and worsens outcome in the presence of neurological injury from trauma, stroke and subarachnoid haemorrhage. This review aims to appraise the evidence for tight glycaemic control in patients with neurological injury. Recent findings Hyperglycaemia can adversely affect outcome in critically ill patients. Intensive insulin therapy with tight glycaemic control has been advocated for improving outcome in these patients. However, the extent to which intensive insulin therapy and tight control of blood glucose improve outcome after ischaemic neurological insults remains unclear. The benefit of such treatment regimes may be negated by the increased frequency of hypoglycaemic episodes, which may aggravate neurological injury. Although it seems sensible to control hyperglycaemia in patients with neurological injury, the treatment must account for potential hypoglycaemic episodes. Summary Clinical and experimental data suggest that hyperglycaemia lowers the ischaemic neuronal threshold in the presence of neurological injury. Tight glycaemic control may result in hypoglycaemia, which in itself can be detrimental. Therefore, it seems sensible that we should accept slightly less tight blood glucose control than in the critically ill patient without neurological injury.
Creating digital libraries: content generation and re-mastering (2004)

This article has two main goals: to describe the automatic creation of a digital library and to provide an overview of the metaalgorithmic patterns that can be applied to increase the accuracy of its creation. Automating the creation of useful digital libraries - that is, digital libraries affording searchable text and reusable ("repurposable") output - is a complicated process, whether the original library is paper-based or already available in electronic form. We outline the steps involved in the creation of a deployable digital library (>1.2 /spl times/ 10/sup 6/ pages) for MIT Press, as well as its implications to other aspects of digital library creation, management, use and repurposing. Input, transformation, information extraction, and output processes are considered in light of their utility in creating layers of content. Interestingly, in some aspects, scanning directly from paper offers extra opportunities for error-checking through feedback-feedforward combination. Strategies for quality assurance (QA) at the document, chapter and book level are also discussed. We emphasize the use of metaalgorithmic design patterns for application towards improving the content generation, extraction and remastering. This approach also increases the ease with which modules and algorithms are added to and deprecated from the system.
ChemInform Abstract: ADVANCES IN HOMOLYTIC SUBSTITUTION OF HETEROAROMATIC COMPOUNDS (1974)

Abstract In einer Zusammenfassung werden die radikalischen Substitutionsreaktionen heteroaromatischer insbesondere stickstof?ialtiger Verbindungen bei der Alkylierung, Acylierung, α‐Hydroxyalkylierung, Amidierung und bei der Arylierung unter Berücksichtigung der verschiedenen Radikalquellen diskutiert.
Mechanistic investigations of nanometer-scale lithography at liquid-covered graphite surfaces (1991)

Pulse-induced nanometer-scale lithography has been performed on graphite surfaces that were in contact with pure water or other organic liquids. Very reproducible control over the pit diameter was observed in aqueous solutions, and a well-defined voltage threshold (4.0±0.2 V) was also apparent. Near the threshold voltage, 7 Å diameter×2 Å high protrusions were formed, while larger initial pulse voltages resulted in pits of diameter≳20 Å.&amp;lt;lz&amp;gt;
Effective Gauge Theories of Spin Systems (2000)

A large variety of microscopic gauge theories can be written for antiferromagnetic spin systems, including $U(1), SU(2)$, and $Z_N$. I consider the question of the appropriate effective gauge theory for such systems. I show that while an SU(N) anti-ferromagnet can be written microscopically as a Z_N gauge theory, for unfrustrated systems, with a two-sublattice structure, there is always an effective U(1) gauge field. The dispersion relation for the gauge field is shown to depend on the presence or absence of charge-conjugation symmetry. Frustrated systems can break the gauge group to a discrete group, but this appears to always involve introducing a gap for the spinons.
Ultrastructural Changes Associated With Dexamethasone-Induced Ocular Hypertension in Mice (2014)

Dexamethasone-induced OHT in mice mimics hallmarks of human SIG within 4 weeks of DEX treatment. The correlation between reduced C and newly formed ECM motivates further study using DEX-treated mice to investigate the pathogenesis of conventional outflow obstruction in glaucoma.
Heuristic Methods for Fine-Grain Exploitation of FDSOI (2019)

Fully depleted silicon on insulator (FDSOI) is attractive for its low cost and low power; the mixed-Vt and body-bias levers that it affords expand the performance-power solution space. However, in FDSOI, different-Vt (i.e., low Vt and regular Vt) devices must be isolated from each other, which makes realization of fine-grained mixed-Vt/body-biasing in layout extremely challenging. In this article, we study heuristic methods aimed at exploitation of fine-grained mixed-Vt in FDSOI implementation. We propose a novel speed domain partitioning (SDP) problem formulation that comprehends the spatial contiguity restrictions arising from flip-well structure of low Vt regions in popular 28-nm commercial FDSOI offerings. We explore a wide space of implementation flows that include an integer linear programming (ILP)-based approach, and a heuristic (sensitivity-based) optimization. Our experimental studies have been performed across multiple commercial enablements. We observe that outcomes are library- and design-dependent. For implementations using generic library options, up to 20% speed improvement with 54% low Vt region is seen for one out of four testcases studied. For implementations using “rich” library options, up to 7% speed improvement with 26% low Vt region is achieved. We provide a discussion that summarizes root-cause, intrinsic difficulties of fine-grained exploitation of mixed-Vt. Finally, we suggest a “decision tree” to help assess a design's amenability to fine-grained mixed-Vt implementation, and to help guide design flow selection for better design QoR.
Spin dynamics in the modulation frame: Application to homonuclear recoupling in magic angle spinning solid-state NMR (2008)

We introduce a family of solid-state NMR pulse sequences that generalizes the concept of second averaging in the modulation frame and therefore provides a new approach to perform magic angle spinning dipolar recoupling experiments. Here, we focus on two particular recoupling mechanisms-cosine modulated rotary resonance (CMpRR) and cosine modulated recoupling with isotropic chemical shift reintroduction (COMICS). The first technique, CMpRR, is based on a cosine modulation of the rf phase and yields broadband double-quantum (DQ) (13)C recoupling using >70 kHz omega(1,C)/2pi rf field for the spinning frequency omega(r)/2=10-30 kHz and (1)H Larmor frequency omega(0,H)/2pi up to 900 MHz. Importantly, for p>or=5, CMpRR recouples efficiently in the absence of (1)H decoupling. Extension to lower p values (3.5<or=p<5) and higher spinning frequencies is possible using low power (1)H irradiation (<0.25 omega(r)/2pi). This phenomenon is explained through higher order cross terms including a homonuclear third spin assisted recoupling mechanism among protons. CMpRR mitigates the heating effects of simultaneous high power (13)C recoupling and (1)H decoupling. The second technique, COMICS, involves low power (13)C irradiation that induces simultaneous recoupling of the (13)C DQ dipolar and isotropic chemical shift terms. In contrast to CMpRR, where the DQ bandwidth (approximately 30 kHz at omega(0,H)/2pi=750 MHz) covers the entire (13)C spectral width, COMICS recoupling, through the reintroduction of the isotropic chemical shift, is selective with respect to the carrier frequency, having a typical bandwidth of approximately 100 Hz. This approach is intended as a general frequency selective method circumventing dipolar truncation (supplementary to R(2) experiments). These new gamma-encoded sequences with attenuated rf requirements extend the applicability of homonuclear recoupling techniques to new regimes--high spinning and Larmor frequencies--and therefore should be of major interest for high resolution biomolecular studies.
Reconfiguration of a 3GPP-LTE telecommunication application on a 23-core NoC-based System-on-Chip (2011)

The MAGALI chip is a 65nm digital baseband dedicated to advanced telecommunication applications. Based on a 15-router mesh Network-on-Chip - NoC, it embeds 22 Processing Elements - PE performing the different functions of a complex baseband in a programmable manner. The NoC framework is based on asynchronous routers which provide a complete Globally Asynchronous Locally Synchronous -- GALS framework. Thanks to this structure, each PE is a synchronous island with a programmable frequency. On the architectural side, the NoC supports fast reconfiguration thanks to a distributed scheme. In this demonstration, we propose to show the reconfiguration capabilities of the MAGALI chip on three modes of a 3GPP-LTE receiver part, by switching on-the-fly between these three modes. The resulting transmission quality with different levels of upcoming signal noises is shown.
Preclinical Profile and Clinical Efficacy of a Novel Hepatitis C Virus NS5A Inhibitor, EDP-239 (2016)

EDP-239, a novel hepatitis C virus (HCV) inhibitor targeting nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A), has been investigated in vitro and in vivo EDP-239 is a potent, selective inhibitor with potency at picomolar to nanomolar concentrations against HCV genotypes 1 through 6. In the presence of human serum, the potency of EDP-239 was reduced by less than 4-fold. EDP-239 is additive to synergistic with other direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) or host-targeted antivirals (HTAs) in blocking HCV replication and suppresses the selection of resistance in vitro Furthermore, EDP-239 retains potency against known DAA- or HTA-resistant variants, with half-maximal effective concentrations (EC50s) equivalent to those for the wild type. In a phase I, single-ascending-dose, placebo-controlled clinical trial, EDP-239 demonstrated excellent pharmacokinetic properties that supported once daily dosing. A single 100-mg dose of EDP-239 resulted in reductions in HCV genotype 1a viral RNA of >3 log10 IU/ml within the first 48 h after dosing and reductions in genotype 1b viral RNA of >4-log10 IU/ml within 96 h. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01856426.).
Contact Area Distribution during PVA Brushes Scrubbing (2019)

Understanding the contact area distribution during brush scrubbing is important in order to better design the optimal shape of brushes. In this study, we visualized the contact area distribution of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) brushes on a prism surface via the total reflection method. Brush deformation during scrubbing is also discussed in this study. Results show that the nodule side face, rather than the bottom face, mainly contacted the surface. In addition, we observed that the rotational speed range of stick-slip phenomena occurrence depended on the wettability of the prism.
205403 Simulation of Deformation and Reaction Force for Bent Cables : Investigation of Material Models (2011)

Simulation model for predicting deformation and reaction force of bent cables using FEM analysis was developed. The equivalent material model was determined through the three-point bending test of cables. As the equivalent material model of the bent cable, homogeneous elastic-plastic body with kinematic hardening was proposed. The deformation of the cable bent like L-shape obtained from FEM analysis was in good agreement with experimental results.
Assessment of negative tone development challenges (2012)

The objective of this work is to describe the advances in 193nm photoresists using negative tone
developer and key challenges associated with 20nm and beyond technology nodes.
Unlike positive tone resists which use protected polymer as the etch block, negative tone
developer resists must adhere to a substrate with a deprotected polymer matrix; this poses
adhesion and bonding challenges for this new patterning technology. This problem can be
addressed when these photo resists are coated on anti-reflective coatings with plentiful silicon in
them (SiARC), which are specifically tailored for compatibility with the solvent developing
resist. We characterized these modified SiARC materials and found improvement in pattern
collapse thru-pitches down to 100nm.
Fundamental studies were carried out to understand the interactions between the resist materials
and the developers. Different types of developers were evaluated and the best candidate was
down selected for contact holes and line space applications. The negative tone developer
proximity behavior has been investigated through optical proximity correction (OPC)
verification. The defectivity through wafer has been driven down from over 1000 adders/wafer to
less than 100 adders/wafer by optimizing the develop process. Electric yield test has been
conducted and compared between positive tone and negative tone developer strategies. In
addition, we have done extensive experimental work to reduce negative tone developer volume
per wafer to bring cost of ownership (CoO) to a value that is equal or even lower than that of
positive tone CoO.
Systemic biomarkers of inflammation and haemostasis in patients with chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (2012)

The proinflammatory response against Aspergillus may be counteracted by reduced CD40L and sCD40L, as well as increased IL-10, which may compromise the immune response against Aspergillus in patients with CNPA.
Dry Sliding Wear Properties of Thermal Spray Coatings in the TiO2‐Cr2O3System (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Experimental Procedure Results and Discussion Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Admissions Associated with Priapism among Males with Sickle Cell Disease in the United States, 2006–2010 (2016)

People with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from numerous acute complications that can result in multiple hospitalizations and emergency department (ED) and outpatient care visits. Priapism, a prolonged unwanted erection of the penis not due to sexual stimulation, is a serious complication among males with SCD. Variations in estimates of prevalence make it difficult to accurately assess the burden of this complication of SCD. We analyzed data from the Nationwide Emergency Department Sample (NEDS), a product of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, for the years 2006 through 2010 to measure the numbers of ED visits and to examine patterns of subsequent hospitalizations associated with priapism among male patients with SCD. We find that among ED visits associated with males with SCD, those prompted by priapism are more likely to result in hospitalization than are those associated with pain.
Probability ranking principle via optimal expected rank (2007)

This paper presents a new perspective of the probability ranking principle (PRP) by defining retrieval effectiveness in terms of our novel expected rank measure of a set of documents for a particular query. This perspective is based on preserving decision preferences, and it imposes weaker conditions on PRP than the utility-theoretic perspective of PRP.
Effect of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase on the phagocytosis of E. coli by macrophages in vivo and in vitro. (1978)

The mechanisms by which Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase VCN acts as an adjuvant is unclear. We have studied the effect of VCN on the phagocyotsis of E. coli 0111 K58 by macrophages in vivo and in vitro. (1) Using and in vivo intraperitoneal clearance test we have shown that prior injection of VCN (50 units/mouse) into the peritoneal cavity of mice enhances the clearance of the bacteria as efficiently as an optimal amount of opsonizing antiserum. We have also shown that the enhancement of intraperitoneal clearance by VCN is due to phagocytosis and intracellular killing of the organisms by macrophages. (2) VCN does not enhance the i.v. clearance of E. coli o111 K58. (3) VCN promotes the attachment of the organisms to and phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages in vitro. Data are provided which suggest that the promotion of attachment and phagocytosis by VCN cannot be explained by a mere increase of passive absorption of the bacteria to the cell wall.
ROAR: a phase 2, open-label study in patients (pts) with BRAF V600E–mutated rare cancers to investigate the efficacy and safety of dabrafenib (D) and trametinib (T) combination therapy. (2016)

TPS2604 Background: Combination D + T is approved for the treatment of BRAF V600E/K–mutant unresectable or metastatic melanoma. BRAF V600E mutations have also been identified in some rare cancers, including anaplastic thyroid cancer, biliary tract cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, nonseminomatous germ cell tumor, hairy cell leukemia (HCL), World Health Organization (WHO) grade I/II glioma, WHO grade III/IV glioma, multiple myeloma, and adenocarcinoma of the small intestine. US incidence rates of these rare tumors range from 0.07 to 6.3 per 100,000, with BRAF V600E mutation frequency ranging from 3% in high-grade glioma to 90% in HCL. Therefore, the ROAR study is underway in pts with these 9 rare BRAF-mutant cancers to assess the safety and efficacy of D + T combination therapy. Methods: This international, multicenter, open-label phase 2 study (NCT02034110) uses a Bayesian hierarchical statistical design that increases study power by borrowing information across histology cohorts based on the emerging response rate. Enrollment for each of the 9 cohorts (up to 25 pts each) may be stopped early for futility or efficacy if various criteria occur based on accrued data. Pts with BRAF V600E–mutant histologically or cytologically confirmed advanced disease with no available standard treatment options are eligible. Enrollment based on local BRAF V600E mutation results is permitted. Pts receive D (150 mg twice daily orally) and T (2 mg once daily orally) on a continuous dosing schedule until unacceptable toxicity, disease progression, or death occurs. Responses are assessed every 8 weeks per tumor-specific response criteria while pts are on study treatment. The primary study endpoint is overall response rate by investigator assessment. Secondary objectives include duration of response, progression-free survival, overall survival, and safety. Pharmacodynamic markers and quality of life will also be evaluated. If a histological cohort meets stopping criteria for early efficacy, an expansion cohort will be opened. This ongoing trial is currently recruiting pts at 48 centers in the United States, Canada, Europe, and South Korea. Clinical trial information: NCT02034110.