gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of transient ischemia on the healing small bowel anastomosis. (1988)

The small bowel may be subjected to transient, yet reversible ischemia in situations such as volvulus, thromboembolism, and low flow states. The surgeon is frequently faced with the necessity of intestinal resection in treating such cases. The remaining bowel, while judged viable may have been exposed to significant ischemic injury. The surgeon must decide whether such bowel will heal satisfactorily if used in an anastomosis. This study was undertaken to determine the effect of transient ischemia on intestinal anastomotic healing in the rat. Male albino rats were subjected to superior mesenteric artery occlusion for periods of 30 minutes or 45 minutes. The circulation was then re-established. The small bowel was the transected and anastomosed. Animals in each group were sacrificed at 7 and 10 days and bursting pressures performed to test the healing of the anastomosis. Results were compared with a control group having an anastomosis without precedent ischemia. There were no significant differences among the groups. The data clearly indicate that if the bowel remains viable following an ischemic insult its healing is unimpaired.
Figure S3 from STimulator of INterferon Genes Agonism Accelerates Antitumor Activity in Poorly Immunogenic Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3: MC38 tumor growth in C57BL/6, Nude or NSG mice and comparison of systemic cytokines&lt;/p&gt;
Expression Strategies for Short Hairpin RNA Interference Triggers (2008)

Since the discovery that the triggers for RNA interference (RNAi), small interfering RNAs, could mediate silencing in mammalian cells without triggering a toxic response, RNAi has become the standard tool for sequence-specific knockdown of gene expression in molecular biology. This is due in part to the development of methods for promoter-based expression of RNAi triggers that can mediate stable silencing in mammalian cells. Numerous systems with slightly different characteristics exist, but despite incredible progress in a field that moves very rapidly, challenges still remain. The biggest challenge is to successfully and safely apply RNAi in vivo. Aside from potential issues of delivery, which is one of the most important considerations, successful application of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) in vivo requires expression systems that yield potent and specific knockdown of the target in the absence of toxicity. With a couple of exceptions, the current systems available for shRNA expression have not generally resulted in unexpected toxicities, while still providing strong knockdown of the intended targets; however, we do not know enough about how sequence-specific off-target effects will affect various cell and tissue types, or to what extent ectopic expression of RNAi triggers will perturb the endogenous RNAi mechanisms.
VIRTIS: The Visible and Infrared Thermal Imaging Spectrometer (2007)

The VIRTIS imaging spectrometer built for ESA's Rosetta cometary mission is a versatile instrument that is also well-suited to Venus observations. The discovery of the near-IR windows in the atmosphere of Venus from ground-based observations in the 1980s showed that the surface of the planet can be studied via IR observations over the nightside. Imaging spectroscopy in the visible and near-IR can study the atmosphere from the uppermost layers down to the deepest levels. With its unique combination of mapping capabilities at low spectral resolution (VIRTIS-M) and high spectral resolution slit spectroscopy (VIRTIS-H), the instrument is ideal for making extensive IR and visible spectral images of the planet.
Electron Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (EE-ALD) (2019)

Electron enhanced atomic layer deposition (EE-ALD) can dramatically reduce the temperatures required for film growth. Temperature reduction is possible because of electron stimulated desorption (ESD) of surface species. The desorption process creates highly reactive "dangling bond" surface sites. Precursors can then adsorb efficiently on the dangling bonds. Our work has demonstrated the EE-ALD of GaN, BN, Si and Co at room temperature. Film growth was performed using alternating exposures of chemical precursors and low energy electrons. In situ ellipsometry measurements have monitored linear film growth versus number of reaction cycles. Additionally, we have observed the dependence ofthe EE-ALD growth rates on electron energy. Maximum growth rates have varied from 0.3 A/cycle for Si films at 100-150 eV to 3.2 A/cycle for BN films at 80-160 eV. Recent measurements have also obtained maximum growth rates of 0.5 A/cycle for Co films at 125 eV. EE-ALD is also topographically selective. This area selectivity is derived from the directionality of the electron flux. Surfaces normal to the incident electrons receive full electron flux, whereas surfaces parallel to the incident electrons receive no electron flux. EE-ALD should be useful for the bottom-up fill of high aspect ratio structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Cupric Bromide Mediated Oxidation of 4‐Carboxyoxazolines to the Corresponding Oxazoles. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
S-Nitrosylation of PINK1 Attenuates PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy in hiPSC-Based Parkinson’s Disease Models (2017)

Mutations in PARK6 (PINK1) and PARK2 (Parkin) are linked to rare familial cases of Parkinson's disease (PD). Mutations in these genes result in pathological dysregulation of mitophagy, contributing to neurodegeneration. Here, we report that environmental factors causing a specific posttranslational modification on PINK1 can mimic these genetic mutations. We describe a molecular mechanism for impairment of mitophagy via formation of S-nitrosylated PINK1 (SNO-PINK1). Mitochondrial insults simulating age- or environmental-related stress lead to increased SNO-PINK1, inhibiting its kinase activity. SNO-PINK1 decreases Parkin translocation to mitochondrial membranes, disrupting mitophagy in cell lines and human-iPSC-derived neurons. We find levels of SNO-PINK1 in brains of α-synuclein transgenic PD mice similar to those in cell-based models, indicating the pathophysiological relevance of our findings. Importantly, SNO-PINK1-mediated deficits in mitophagy contribute to neuronal cell death. These results reveal a direct molecular link between nitrosative stress, SNO-PINK1 formation, and mitophagic dysfunction that contributes to the pathogenesis of PD.
Prediction of Velocity Profile in Fluid in Which Yield Stress Varies With Depth (1980)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Thomas M. Walski; Prediction of Velocity Profile in Fluid in Which Yield Stress Varies With Depth. J. Rheol. 1 December 1980; 24 (6): 741–753. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.549581 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells are equipped with antigen-presenting and tumoricidal capacities (2012)

Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) represent a highly specialized naturally occurring dendritic-cell subset and are the main producers of type I interferons (IFNs) in response to viral infections. We show that human pDCs activated by the preventive vaccine FSME specifically up-regulate CD56 on their surface, a marker that was thought to be specific for NK cells and associated with cytolytic effector functions. We observed that FSME-activated pDCs specifically lysed NK target cells and expressed cytotoxic molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and granzyme B. Elevated levels of these molecules coincided with the expression of CD56, indicative for skewing human pDCs toward an interferon-producing killer DC subset. Detailed phenotypical and functional analysis revealed that pDCs attained a mature phenotype, secreted proinflammatory cytokines, and had the capacity to present antigens and stimulate T cells. Here, we report on the generation of CD56(+) human interferon producing killer pDCs with the capacity to present antigens. These findings aid in deciphering the role for pDCs in antitumor immunity and present a promising prospect of developing antitumor therapy using pDCs.
<i>In Situ</i> Gene Expression Responsible for Sulfide Oxidation and CO<sub>2</sub> Fixation of an Uncultured Large Sausage-Shaped <i>Aquificae</i> Bacterium in a Sulfidic Hot Spring (2016)

We investigated the in situ gene expression profile of sulfur-turf microbial mats dominated by an uncultured large sausage-shaped Aquificae bacterium, a key metabolic player in sulfur-turfs in sulfidic hot springs. A reverse transcription-PCR analysis revealed that the genes responsible for sulfide, sulfite, and thiosulfate oxidation and carbon fixation via the reductive TCA cycle were continuously expressed in sulfur-turf mats taken at different sampling points, seasons, and years. These results suggest that the uncultured large sausage-shaped bacterium has the ability to grow chemolithoautotrophically and plays key roles as a primary producer in the sulfidic hot spring ecosystem in situ.
Results from a data acquisition system prototype project using a switch-based event builder (2002)

A prototype of a high-bandwidth parallel event builder has been designed and tested. The architecture is based on a simple switching network and is adaptable to a wide variety of data acquisition systems. An eight-channel system with a peak throughput of 160 Mbytes/s has been implemented. It is modularly expandable to 64 channels (over 1 Gbyte/s). The prototype uses a number of relatively recent commercial technologies, including very-high-speed fiber-optic data links, high integration crossbar switches, and embedded RISC processors. It is based on an open architecture which permits the installation of new technologies with little redesign effort.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Compact HD-DVD pickup head with a lensed prism (2003)

We propose a design of a compact HD-DVD pickup head, where a lensed penta-prism is used to replace the mirror and the collimating lens in a conventional one to shorten the geometrical size but keep the whole optical path length unchanged.
Graphite\nIntercalation Compounds Derived by Green\nChemistry as Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts (2020)

Precious group metal\n(PGM) catalysts such as Pt supported on carbon\nsupports are expensive catalysts utilized for the oxygen reduction\nreaction (ORR) due to their unmatched catalytic activity and durability.\nAs an alternative, PGM-free ORR electrocatalysts that offer respectable\ncatalytic activity are being pursued. Most of the notable PGM-free\ncatalysts are obtained either from a bottom-up approach synthesis\nutilizing nitrogen-rich polymers as building blocks, or from a top\ndown approach, where nitrogen and metal moieties are incorporated\nto carbonaceous matrixes. The systematic understanding of the origin\nof catalytic activity for either case is speculative and currently\nemployed synthesis techniques typically generate large amounts of\nhazardous waste such as acids, oxidizing agents, and solvents. Herein,\nfor the first time, we investigate the catalytic activity of graphite-based\nmaterials obtained via intercalation strategies that minimally perturb\nthe graphitic backbone. Our outlined approaches demonstrate initial\nefforts to not only elucidate the role of each element but also significantly\nreduce the use of hazardous chemicals, which remains a pressing challenge.\nGraphite intercalation compounds (GIC) were obtained using fewer steps\nand solvent-free processes. X-ray diffraction and Raman results confirm\nthe successful intercalation of FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; between graphite\nlayers. Electrochemical data shows that the ORR performance of FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;-intercalated GIC displays slight improvement where the onset\npotential reaches 0.77 V vs RHE in alkaline environments. However,\nexpansion of the graphite and solvent-free incorporation of iron and\nnitrogen moieties resulted in a significant increase in ORR activity\nwith onset potential to 0.89 V vs RHE, a maximum half-wave of 0.72\nV vs RHE, and a limiting current of about 2.5 mA cm&lt;sup&gt;–2&lt;/sup&gt;. We anticipate that the use of near solvent-free processes that\nresult in a high yield of catalysts along with the fundamental insight\ninto the origin of electrochemical activity will tremendously impact\nthe methodologies for developing next-generation ORR catalysts.
ChemInform Abstract: Potential Antitumor Agents. Part 47. 3′‐Methylamino Analogues of Amsacrine with in vivo Solid Tumor Activity. (1987)

ChemInformVolume 18, Issue 6 Heterocyclic Compounds ChemInform Abstract: Potential Antitumor Agents. Part 47. 3′-Methylamino Analogues of Amsacrine with in vivo Solid Tumor Activity. G. J. ATWELL, G. J. ATWELL Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorB. C. BAGULEY, B. C. BAGULEY Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorG. J. FINLAY, G. J. FINLAY Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorG. W. REWCASTLE, G. W. REWCASTLE Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorW. A. DENNY, W. A. DENNY Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author G. J. ATWELL, G. J. ATWELL Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorB. C. BAGULEY, B. C. BAGULEY Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorG. J. FINLAY, G. J. FINLAY Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorG. W. REWCASTLE, G. W. REWCASTLE Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this authorW. A. DENNY, W. A. DENNY Cancer Res. Lab., Univ. Auckland School Med., Private Bag, Auckland, New ZealandSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 10, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198706186AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume18, Issue6February 10, 1987 RelatedInformation
Abstract P087: Hydralazine and Nitroglycerin Combination Improves Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Failing Cardiomyocytes (2011)

Although hydralazine and organic nitrates have proven clinical benefits for heart failure, the underlying mechanism of action of this combination remains obscure. Spontaneously Hypertensive Heart Failure (SHHF) rats are a representative heart failure model which shares common phenotypic features with human failing hearts. We have recently shown that SHHF cardiomyocytes exhibit depressed contractility and calcium transient amplitude in response to increasing rate and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium leak, typical characteristics observed in heart failure. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that hydralazine, alone or in combination with nitroglycerin, restores calcium cycling and contractile performance in cardiomyocytes from SHHF rats. We measured sarcomere length (SL) shortening and calcium transient amplitude (Δ[Ca 2+ ] i ) in isolated cardiac myocytes from male SHHF rats (22–24 months old, n=4) and their normotensive controls Wistar-Kyoto rats (18–22 months old, n=4) during pacing (0.5–4 Hz). Both SL shortening and Δ[Ca 2+ ] i responses to increasing pacing in SHHF cardiomyocytes were augmented by 10 μM hydralazine. The same concentration of nitroglycerin alone did not significantly affect these parameters. In response to the combination of these two drugs, there was a strong trend toward improved contractility and normal Δ[Ca 2+ ] i . We also assessed SR Ca 2+ leak by a brief incubation with tetracaine following by a caffeine challenge, a regimen designed to test SR Ca 2+ load. At matched SR Ca 2+ content, Ca 2+ leak was not significantly changed by nitroglycerin or hydralazine alone. However, in combination they restored the leak in SHHF myocytes to the normal levels seen in WKY myocytes. Hydralazine improves cardiac excitation-contraction coupling that is impaired in this model, whereas nitroglycerin does not exert a significant effect on this response. However, when administered together, nitroglycerin appears to modulate the enhancing effect induced by hydralazine and helps to restore normal SR calcium leakage. These data offer new insights into the mechanisms underlying the actions of hydralazine and organic nitrates on heart failure.
Relationship Between Retention of a Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2)-Targeted Ultrasonographic Contrast Agent and the Level of VEGFR2 Expression in an In Vivo Breast Cancer Model (2008)

The magnitude of the molecular ultrasonographic signal from a VEGFR2-targeted UCA retained by tissue correlates with VEGFR2 expression. These results validate the use of molecular ultrasonography for in vivo detection and quantification of VEGFR2 expression in this breast cancer model.
Regenerative Medicine for Neurological Disorders (2010)

The annual meeting of the American Society for Neural Therapy and Repair (ASNTR) has always introduced us to top-notch and up-to-date approaches for regenerative medicine related to neuroscience, ranging from stem cell-based therapy to novel drugs. The 16th ASNTR meeting focused on a variety of different topics, including the unknown pathogenesis or mechanisms of specific neurodegenerative diseases, stem cell biology, and development of novel alternative medicines or devices. Newly developed stem cells, such as amniotic epithelial stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells, as well as well-known traditional stem cells, such as neural, embryonic, bone marrow mesenchymal, and human umbilical cord blood-derived stem cells, were reported. A number of commercialized stem cells were also covered at this meeting. Fetal neural tissues, such as ventral mesencephalon, striatum, and Schwann cells, were investigated for neurodegenerative diseases or spinal cord injury. A number of studies focused on novel methods for drug monitoring or graft tracking, and combination therapy with stem cells and medicine, such as cytokines or trophic factors. Finally, the National Institutes of Health guidelines for human stem cell research, clinical trials of commercialized stem cells without larger animal testing, and prohibition of medical tourism were big controversial issues that led to heated discussion.
Profiling EGFR isoforms in ovarian cancer demonstrates that EGFR and sEGFR have prognostic significance: Implications for EGFR isoforms as cancer biomarkers. (2006)

A58 Objectives: The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays an important role in the etiology and progression of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Previous immunohistochemical (IHC) studies have yielded discordant observations regarding EGFR as a prognostic factor of EOC, perhaps as a result of the inability to distinguish between full-length EGFR and one or more soluble EGFR (sEGFR) isoforms, which arise from alternate transcription. We, therefore, investigated whether sEGFR and EGFR are prognosticators of EOC.Methods: IHC was performed on a tissue microarray containing 196 EOC cases annotated with clinicopathological information using antibodies that discern EGFR from sEGFR. Clinicopathological covariates included: age, stage, grade, histology, bilateral ovarian involvement (BOI), synchronous or metachronous secondary cancers, and IHC labeling of p53, EGFR, and sEGFR. These covariates were analyzed as prognosticators of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) using accelerated failure time and Cox proportional hazards regression, respectively.Results: Univariate analyses confirm that age, stage, grade, histology, and BOI are significant prognosticators of PFS and OS in EOC patients. Multivariate regression shows that only older age, advanced stage, and BOI are independent, adverse prognosticators of both PFS and OS. In addition, high p53 labeling emerged as a favorable prognosticator of PFS (OR = 0.595; CI: 0.337, 1.049) and OS (HR = 0.637; CI: 0.431, 0.939) when mutually adjusted for confounding by age, stage, and BOI. Additional modeling revealed a significant interaction between EGFR and sEGFR for both PFS and OS. Adjusted for age, stage, BOI, and p53 labeling, patients with both high EGFR and sEGFR labeling had 1.898 (95% CI: 1.051, 3.428) higher odds of progression and 1.599 (95% CI: 1.203, 2.125) higher hazard of dying compared to patients with both low EGFR and sEGFR labeling.Conclusions: Adjusted for age, stage, BOI, and p53 and accounting for effect modification by EGFR and sEGFR, prominent labeling of both EGFR and sEGFR is a significant adverse prognosticator for EOC patients. These results have biological implications for the treatment of ovarian cancer patients, and suggest that prior studies examining the prognostic utility of EGFR using routine IHC methods may be confounded by the co-expression of alternate EGFR isoforms.
Small Molecule Disruptors of the Glucokinase–Glucokinase Regulatory Protein Interaction: 2. Leveraging Structure-Based Drug Design to Identify Analogues with Improved Pharmacokinetic Profiles (2014)

In the previous report , we described the discovery and optimization of novel small molecule disruptors of the GK-GKRP interaction culminating in the identification of 1 (AMG-1694). Although this analogue possessed excellent in vitro potency and was a useful tool compound in initial proof-of-concept experiments, high metabolic turnover limited its advancement. Guided by a combination of metabolite identification and structure-based design, we have successfully discovered a potent and metabolically stable GK-GKRP disruptor (27, AMG-3969). When administered to db/db mice, this compound demonstrated a robust pharmacodynamic response (GK translocation) as well as statistically significant dose-dependent reductions in fed blood glucose levels.