gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Models for biological phenomena (1996)

Introduction and History, D.D. Lasic Elastic Properties of Closed Bilayer Membranes and the Shapes of Giant Phospholipid Vesicles, S. Svetina and B. Zeks Shapes of Fluid Vesicles, U. Seifert and R. Lipowsky Vesicles of Complex Topology, B. Fourcade, X. Michalet, and D. Bensimon Computer Simulation of the Thermodynamic and Conformational Properties of Liposomes, B. Dammann, H.C. Fogedby, J.H. Ipsen, C. Jeppesen, K. Jorgensen, O.G. Mouritsen, J. Risbo, M.C. Sabra, M.M. Speroto, and M.J. Zuckermann Molecular Theory of Acyl Chain Packing in Lipid and Lipid-Protein Membranes, D.R. Fattal and A. Ben-Shaul On the Mechanisms of the Lamellar(R)Hexagonal HII Phase Transition and the Biological Significance of the HII Propensity, P.K.J. Kinnunen Computational Molecular Models of Lipid Bilayers Containing Mixed-Chain Saturated and Monounsaturated Acyl Chains, C. Huang and S. Li Properties of Mixed-Chain Length Phospholipids and Their Relationship to Bilayer Structure, J.T. Mason Aggregation Properties of Gangliosides: Micelles and Vesicles, M. Corti and L. Cantu Effect of Solutes on the Membrane Lipid Phase Behavior, B. Tenchov and R. Koynova Interaction of Membranes in the Presence of Divalent Cations, S. Marcelja Use of Liposomes to Model Aggregation and Fusion Phenomena, S. Nir Effect of Polymers Attached to Lipid Headgroups on Properties of Liposomes, V.P. Torchilin Liposomes in Electric Fields, M. Winterhalter Cryoelectron Microscopy of Liposomes, P.M. Fredrick, M.C.A. Stuart, P.H.H. Bomans, and D.D. Lasic
ChemInform Abstract: TITANIUM‐INDUCED REDUCTIVE COUPLING OF CARBONYLS TO OLEFINS (1978)

Abstract In einer ausführlichen experimentellen Arbeit wird die Verwendung des aus TiCl 3 und Kalium oder Lithium gebildeten Titans zur reduktiven Kupplung von Carbonylverbindungen wie (I), (III), (V), (VII) und (IX) oder ähnlichen Verbindungen untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: ARSENDIFFUSION MIT HOHER KONZENTRATION IN SILICIUM AUS EINER DOTIERTEN OXIDQUELLE (1972)

Abstract Als Diffusionsquellen für As werden mit As dotiertes SiO 2 bzw. (Ge, Si)O 2 verwendet.
Secondary Myeloid Leukemia and Myelodysplastic Syndromes in Patients Treated for Hodgkin’s Disease: A Report From the German Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Study Group (2003)

The prognosis of patients with secondary AML/MDS after primary HD is poor. Thus, emphasis should be made to improve initial treatment in an attempt to prevent this complication.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Catalysis Mediated by the Ligand Sphere of Octahedral Chiral‐at‐Metal Complexes (2014)

Abstract Review: [34 refs.
State-complexity reduction in MLSD receivers for direct-detection optical communications (2007)

We investigate the impact of state complexity reduction techniques on the performance of MLSD-based EDC. Our results show that simple state reduction techniques guarantee a good trade-off between complexity and robustness against uncompensated chromatic dispersion. (2 pages)
Rigorous Extraction of Process Variations for 65-nm (2009)

Statistical circuit analysis and optimization are crit- ical for robust nanoscale CMOS design. To accurately perform such analysis, primary process variation sources need to be identi- fied and modeled for further circuit simulation. In this work, a rig- orousmethodtoextractprocessvariationsfrominsituIVmeasure- ments is present. Transistor statistics are collected from a test chip fabricated in a 65-nm process. Gate length ( ), threshold voltage and mobility are recognized as the leading variation sources, due to the tremendous process challenges in lithography, channel doping, and the stress engineering. To decompose these variations, three critical IV points from the cut-off and linear re- gionsareidentified.Theextracted , and variationsarenor- mally distributed, with negligible spatial correlation. By including extracted variations in the nominal model file, accurate prediction of the change of drive current in all operation regions and process corners is achieved. The new extraction method guarantees excel- lent model matching with hardware for further statistical circuit analysis.
[Pure epiphyseal detachment of the upper end of the femur in a young child: apropos of 2 cases]. (1986)

Pure epiphysial detachment following injury to upper end of femur in two 2 year-old children was treated orthopedically by manual reduction under general anesthesia and plaster immobilization. Follow up radiographic and scintigraphic examinations showed favorable results with absence of necrosis after 10 and 17 months respectively. In contrast, long term surveillance will be necessary because of the rapid appearance of coxa magna.
Possibility for hole doping into amorphous InGaZnO4 films prepared by RF sputtering (2010)

Abstract Amorphous InGaZnO 4 (IGZO) films codoped with Al and N atoms were prepared by sputtering of targets consisting of IGZO and AlN powders in Ar + O 2 atmospheres. No hole‐conductivity is seen in films deposited at 2×10 ‐3 Torr, whereas hole‐conductivity is found in films deposited at 2×10 ‐2 Torr at radio frequency powers of 60‐80 W in 0.3‐0.6% O 2 atmospheres. The amorphous p‐type IGZO film has the resistivity of 210 Wcm, hole‐density of 7.5×10 17 cm ‐3 , and mobility of 0.4 cm 2 /Vs. The rectification characteristic is obtained for a device constructed from Au, amorphous p‐type IGZO, and amorphous n‐type IGZO. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Lesions in citrate synthase that affect aerobic nitrogen fixation by Azotobacter chroococcum (1985)

A class of Azotobacter chroococcum mutants induced by Tn1 that were defective in normal aerobic nitrogen fixation when grown on sugars (Fos-) were corrected by provision of alpha-ketoglutarate or glutamate. In a representative mutant, Fos252, rates of evolution of 14CO2 from [14C]acetate or [14C]glucose were 5% of the parental values, although uptake and incorporation were normal for both substrates. The results suggest that a lesion affects the entry of substrates into the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The activity of citrate synthase in Fos252 in vitro was 5% that of the parents. The citrate synthase (gltA) gene from Escherichia coli was cloned into broad-host-range vectors and mobilized into Fos252. The plasmids restored parental citrate synthase activities to Fos252 and complemented the inability to fix N2 in air. The data indicate that a mutation causing an intrinsic limitation in respiratory capacity abolishes normal aerobic N2 fixation, which is consistent with the hypothesis of respiratory protection for nitrogenase in Azotobacter species.
Solubility relations of uranyl fluoride-hydrofluoric acid-boric acid (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility relations of uranyl fluoride-hydrofluoric acid-boric acidL. D. Keele and C. R. SchmittCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1972, 17, 3, 330–332Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60054a021https://doi.org/10.1021/je60054a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Competing SN2 and E2 reaction pathways for hexachlorocyclohexane degradation in the gas phase, solution and enzymes (2010)

Quantum chemistry calculations have been used alongside experimental kinetic analysis to investigate the competition between S(N)2 and E2 mechanisms for the dechlorination of hexachlorocyclohexane isomers, revealing that enzyme specificity reflects the intrinsic reactivity of the various isomers.
A facile route to divinylcyclopropanes. An efficient method for the annelative formation of functionalized cycloheptanes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA facile route to divinylcyclopropanes. An efficient method for the annelative formation of functionalized cycloheptanesPaul A. Wender and Michael P. FilosaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 21, 3490–3491Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00883a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00883a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Reaction of 2‐Carboxythioesters‐1,3‐dithiane with Nitroalkenes: An Organocatalytic Strategy for the Asymmetric Addition of a Glyoxylate Anion Equivalent. (2015)

Abstract The enantioselective organocatalyzed conjugate addition of a newly activated thioester acting as an acyl anion mimic is presented using a chiral bifunctional catalyst to control the stereochemistry.
Pattern recognition analysis of near‐infrared spectra by robust distance method (1995)

Abstract A method for pattern recognition analysis of near‐infrared spectra has been developed using robust distances determined by minimum volume ellipsoid (MVE) estimators of multivariate location and scatter. Classical methods such as the Mahalanobis distance method often fail in the presence of a moderate number of outliers in a training data set, while robust distance methods can tolerate a considerably larger proportion of outliers in a training data set Outliers can be detected by their relatively large robust distances and can be excluded from a training set without a priori knowledge of the nature of the data set. In this paper the properties of a robust distance method are examined using near‐infrared spectra of sulfamethoxazole and mixtures with its major degradation products, sulfanilic acid and sulfanilamide. The robust distance method successfully detected unacceptable samples (71.4%–89.3% (α = 0.05) or 78.6%–92.9% (α = 0.10)) even when they were inadvertently included in the training data set.
Measurement of the inelastic pp cross-section at a centre-of-mass energy of s $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 7 TeV (2015)

Abstract: The cross-section for inelastic proton-proton collisions, with at least one prompt long-lived charged particle of transverse momentum pT&amp;gt; 0.2GeV/c in the pseudorapidity range 2.0 &amp;lt; η &amp;lt; 4.5, is measured by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV. The cross-section in this kinematic range is determined to be σinelacc = 55.0 ± 2.4 mb with an experimental uncertainty that is dominated by systematic contributions. Extrapolation to the full phase space, using Pythia 6, yields σinel = 66.9 ± 2.9 ± 4.4 mb, where the first uncertainty is experimental and the second is due to the extrapolation.
Endocrinology: Comparison of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogues and human chorionic gonadotrophin for the induction of ovulation and prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome: a case-control study (1996)

Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone analogue (GnRHa) has been suggested as an alternative to human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) for triggering ovulation, while preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Since a prospective, controlled study would be unethical at this point, we used a retrospective, case-self control approach to compare GnRHa with HCG in that context. A group of 16 in-vitro fertilization (IVF) patients who had severe OHSS in previous cycles, in which HCG was given to trigger ovulation, were studied in subsequent cycles in which GnRHa was used. Each GnRHa cycle (case) was compared to a previous HCG cycle that resulted in OHSS (self control). None of these subsequent cycles resulted in severe OHSS. The use of GnRHa did not affect the number of oocytes retrieved or their quality. Serum oestradiol concentrations on the day of ovulation triggering were significantly (P < 0.01) higher in the GnRHa cycles compared to HCG cycles. Exogenous progesterone and oestradiol were effective in maintaining relatively constant serum oestradiol and progesterone serum concentrations during the luteal phase. Pregnancy rate per cycle was similar in the two groups. In conclusion, the use of GnRHa to induce ovulation in IVF patients, who are at high risk for developing OHSS, effectively eliminates this risk without affecting other parameters of the stimulation cycle.
Terahertz Spin‐to‐Charge Current Conversion in Stacks of Ferromagnets and the Transition‐Metal Dichalcogenide NbSe2 (2022)

Abstract Transition‐metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) are an aspiring class of materials with unique electronic and optical properties and potential applications in spin‐based electronics. Here, terahertz emission spectroscopy is used to study spin‐to‐charge current conversion (S2C) in the TMDC NbSe 2 in ultra‐high‐vacuum‐grown F|NbSe 2 thin‐film stacks, where F is a layer of ferromagnetic Fe or Ni. Ultrafast laser excitation triggers an ultrafast spin current that is converted into an in‐plane charge current and, thus, a measurable THz electromagnetic pulse. The THz signal amplitude as a function of the NbSe 2 thickness shows that the measured signals are fully consistent with an ultrafast optically driven injection of an in‐plane‐polarized spin current into NbSe 2 . Modeling of the spin‐current dynamics reveals that a sizable fraction of the total S2C originates from the bulk of NbSe 2 with the opposite, negative sign of the spin Hall angle as compared to Pt. By a quantitative comparison of the emitted THz radiation from F|NbSe 2 to F|Pt reference samples and the results of ab initio calculations, it is estimated that the spin Hall angle of NbSe 2 for an in‐plane polarized spin current lies between ‐0.2% and ‐1.1%, while the THz spin‐current relaxation length is of the order of a few nanometers.
Trapping Phenomena in GaN HEMTs with Fe- and C-doped Buffer (2022)

GaN-based high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are a promising technology for high-frequency and high-power applications due to their high breakdown strength, superior electron transport characteristics, and their ability to support a large polarization-induced electron concentration. However, reliability issues in GaN HEMTs, such as trap-induced degradation, have drawn considerable attention in both academia and industry. Studies have been carried out on reducing the effect of traps via the optimization of the epitaxial structure of the HEMT. In this work, we focus on extracting and further analyzing the properties of traps in an AlGaN/GaN HEMT, shown in Fig. 1, with a doped GaN buffer. This device is fabricated and characterized at Mitsubishi Electric Corporation (Japan) and additional details regarding experimental methods will be presented elsewhere. The doping profile achieved during the epitaxial growth is shown in Fig. 2. Fe and C doping in the GaN buffer are typically employed to enhance the confinement of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the channel and thus reduce buffer leakage [1]. The doping process also introduces traps in the buffer, which are found to be responsible for current collapse (CC) in GaN HEMTs. We analyze the trap characteristics in fabricated AlGaN/GaN HEMTs as a function of C doping in the buffer, while Fe doping concentration is fixed. The activation energy <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(E_{A})$</tex> and cross section <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\sigma)$</tex> of traps in the fabricated devices are extracted from the Arrhenius plot of the drain current transient (DCT) measurements. Similar to previous works, we find that the C doping in GaN layer is mainly responsible for the acceptor-like trapping states with activation around 0.5 eV. We also conduct time-domain simulations of the HEMT using Sentaurus from Synopsys to understand the impact of trap characteristics on the transient response of this device. We conclude that for acceptor-like trapping states with large <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$E_{A}$</tex> and small <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\sigma$</tex> , the current takes longer to recover from CC, while the trap concentration affects the degree of collapse.
Determination of Phytic Acid in Urine by ICP Atomic Emission Spectrometry. (1996)

Abstract A method to determine phytic acid within urine in the range 0.15–2 mg/l is reported. The method is based on the ICP atomic emission spectrometric determination of phosphorus, after previous separation and concentration of phytic acid using the anionic resin AG1-X8. The method has been applied successfully to determine phytic acid in synthetic urine and human urine.
miR-340 predicts glioblastoma survival and modulates key cancer hallmarks through down-regulation of NRAS (2016)

Glioblastoma is the most common primary brain tumor in adults; with a survival rate of 12 months from diagnosis. However, a small subgroup of patients, termed long-term survivors (LTS), has a survival rate longer then 12-14 months. There is thus increasing interest in the identification of molecular signatures predicting glioblastoma prognosis and in how to improve the therapeutic approach. Here, we report miR-340 as prognostic tumor-suppressor microRNA for glioblastoma. We analyzed microRNA expression in > 500 glioblastoma patients and found that although miR-340 is strongly down-regulated in glioblastoma overall, it is up-regulated in LTS patients compared to short-term survivors (STS). Indeed, miR-340 expression predicted better prognosis in glioblastoma patients. Coherently, overexpression of miR-340 in glioblastoma cells was found to produce a tumor-suppressive activity. We identified NRAS mRNA as a critical, direct target of miR-340: in fact, miR-340 negatively influenced multiple aspects of glioblastoma tumorigenesis by down-regulating NRAS and downstream AKT and ERK pathways. Thus, we demonstrate that expression of miR-340 in glioblastoma is responsible for a strong tumor-suppressive effect in LTS patients by down-regulating NRAS. miR-340 may thus represent a novel marker for glioblastoma diagnosis and prognosis, and may be developed into a tool to improve treatment of glioblastoma.
Superlattice by charged block copolymer self-assembly (2019)

Charged block copolymers are of great interest due to their unique self-assembly and physicochemical properties. Understanding of the phase behavior of charged block copolymers, however, is still at a primitive stage. Here we report the discovery of an intriguing superlattice morphology from compositionally symmetric charged block copolymers, poly[(oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate-co-oligo(ethylene glycol) propyl sodium sulfonate methacrylate)]-b-polystyrene (POEGMA-PS), achieved by systematic variation of the molecular structure in general, and the charge content in particular. POEGMA-PS self-assembles into a superlattice lamellar morphology, a previously unknown class of diblock nanostructures, but strikingly similar to oxygen-deficient perovskite derivatives, when the fraction of charged groups in the POEGMA block is about 5-25%. The charge fraction and the tethering of the ionic groups both play critical roles in driving the superlattice formation. This study highlights the accessibility of superlattice morphologies by introducing charges in a controlled manner.
Inhibition of Nonmammalian Glycosidases by Azetidine Iminosugars Derived from Stable 3,5-Di-O-triflates of Pentoses (2011)

Efficient ring closure of stable crystalline 3,5-di-O-triflates of pentofuranosides with amines to form azetidines allowed preliminary evaluation of four-ring iminosugars as glycosidase inhibitors; significant and specific inhibition of nonmammalian α-glucosidases is shown by L-xylo- and L-arabino-iminosugar azetidines.
Impact of reconfiguration logic on the optimization of defect-tolerant integrated circuits (2002)

Two aspects of the impact of reconfiguration logic on the optimization of defect-tolerant integrated circuits (ICs) are analyzed. An important consequence to design decisions of neglecting reconfiguration logic is presented. Expressions are developed to predict the number of transistors necessary to implement the reconfiguration logic of a simple defect-tolerance strategy using CMOS technology. The results show that neglecting this reconfiguration logic can lead to inappropriate design decisions. An example of a fine-grain logic array is presented to demonstrate the latter conclusion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Transfer-Printed Microscale Integrated Circuits for High Performance Display Backplanes (2011)

Active-matrix organic light-emitting diode displays have been fabricated using backplanes with transfer-printed microscale silicon integrated circuits (ICs) in place of conventional thin-film transistors. The ICs were fabricated using a commercially available semiconductor foundry process, and the wafers were subsequently processed to prepare the ICs for transfer-printing. The microscale ICs were transfer printed onto glass substrates and interconnected using a single-level, thin-film metallization process. The resulting OLED display exhibited good pixel-to-pixel luminance uniformity, high luminance, excellent controllability and high switching speed. The transfer-printing process achieved good positional accuracy and high yield.