gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sympatho‐inhibitory effect of atorvastatin due to anti‐senescence and attenuation of impaired neurogenesis in RVLM of SHRSP (2009)

Background Neural senescence in brain is progressed by reactive oxygen species (ROS), Ras‐caspase 3‐induced apoptosis and abnormal shortening telomere length, and is associated with neural function. Atorvastatin inhibits sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) by reduction of ROS in rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) of stroke‐prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP). Neurogenesis is reported to be impaired in RVLM of SHRSP. We hypothesized that atorvastatin inhibits SNA due to anti‐senescence and attenuation of impaired neurogenesis in RVLM of SHRSP. Methods and Results In age‐matched control SHRSP (CNT), SNA, ROS, Ras activity, caspase‐3, p53 and p21 and neural senescence determined by β ‐galactosidase staining were significantly higher and telomere length was significantly shorter than in WKY (n=5 for each). In atorvastatin‐treated SHRSP (20 μg/kg/day, intracerebroventricular injection for 14 days, n=5) (ATORVA), SNA, ROS, Ras activity, caspase‐3, p53 and p21 and neural senescence were all inhibited and telomere length was significantly longer than in CNT. Neurogenesis in RVLM was significantly impaired in CNT than in WKY, and significantly improved in ATORVA than in CNT. Conclusion Atorvastatin attenuates neural cell senescence and impaired neurogenesis in RVLM of SHRSP, which contribute to sympatho‐inhibitory effect of atorvastatin.
Effects of substrate temperature and annealing on the magnetic properties of FeN films (1988)

The properties of iron nitride (FeN) thin films for high-density recording media prepared by the ion-assisted vapor deposition method have been studied as a function of substrate temperature during deposition. The coercivity shows a decrease with increasing temperature. This could be caused by the disordered growth of the columns and a decrease in the magnetic separation owing to the migration of the paramagnetic phase. Annealing tests shows that the coercivity decreases greatly following treatment above 250 degrees C, owing to the decrease in the paramagnetic component in the FeN films. It is concluded that the shape anisotropy of the obliquely oriented columnar structure and magnetic separation effects due to the paramagnetic components that segregate along each column are the main origin of the high coercivity of FeN films.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Fundamental Design Principles for Embedded Systems: The Architectural Style of the Cross-Domain Architecture GENESYS (2009)

The GENESYS (Generic Embedded System) project is a European research project that aims to develop a cross-domain architecture for embedded systems. The requirements and constraints for such an architecture are documented in the ARTEMIS strategic research agenda in the form of seven key challenges. This paper presents the architectural style of GENESYS by listing the key architectural principles, such as: strict component orientation, separation of computation from communication, availability of a common time, hierarchical system structure, adherence to message passing, state awareness, fault isolation and integrated resource manage-ment. This paper explains how these architectural principles contribute to solve the seven key challenges in the ARTEMIS strategic research agenda.
Compensatory Alterations in the Photochemical Apparatus of a Photoregulatory, Chlorophyll b-Deficient Mutant of Maize (1988)

Characterization of the functional organization of the photochemical apparatus in the light sensitive chlorophyll b-deficient oil yellow-yellow green (OY-YG) mutant of maize (Zea mays) is presented. Spectrophotometric and kinetic analysis revealed substantially lower amounts of the light harvesting complex of photosystem II (LHCII-peripheral) in high light-grown OY-YG thylakoids. However, accumulation of a tightly bound LHCII appears unaffected by the lesion. Changes in photosystem (PS) stoichiometry include lower amounts of PSII with characteristic fast kinetics (PSII(alpha)) and a substantial accumulation of PSII centers with characteristic slow kinetics (PSII(beta)) in the thylakoid membrane of the OY-YG mutant. Thus, PSII(beta) is the dominant photosystem in the mutant chloroplasts. In contrast to wild type, roughly 80% of the mutant PSII(beta) centers are functionally coupled to the plastoquinone pool and are probably localized in the appressed regions of the thylakoid membrane. These centers, designated PSII(beta)-Q(B)-reducing (Q(B) being the secondary electron quinone acceptor of PSII), are clearly distinct from the typical PSII(beta)-Q(B)-nonreducing centers found in the stroma lamellae of wild-type chloroplasts. It is concluded that the observed changes in the stoichiometry of electron-transport complexes reflect the existence of a regulatory mechanism for the adjustment of photosystem stoichiometry in chloroplasts designed to correct any imbalance in light absorption by the two photosystems.
CXCR3-Dependent Microglial Recruitment Is Essential for Dendrite Loss after Brain Lesion (2004)

Microglia are the resident macrophage population of the CNS and are considered its major immunocompetent elements. They are activated by any type of brain pathology and can migrate to the lesion site. The chemokine CXCL10 is expressed in neurons in response to brain injury and is a signaling candidate for activating microglia and directing them to the lesion site. We recently identified CXCR3, the corresponding receptor for CXCL10, in microglia and demonstrated that this receptor system controls microglial migration. We have now tested the impact of CXCR3 signaling on cellular responses after entorhinal cortex lesion. In wild-type mice, microglia migrate within the first 3 d after lesion into the zone of axonal degeneration, where 8 d after lesion denervated dendrites of interneurons are subsequently lost. In contrast, the recruitment of microglia was impaired in CXCR3 knock-out mice, and, strikingly, denervated distal dendrites were maintained in zones of axonal degeneration. No differences between wild-type and knock-out mice were observed after facial nerve axotomy, as a lesion model for assessing microglial proliferation. This shows that CXCR3 signaling is crucial in microglia recruitment but not proliferation, and this recruitment is an essential element for neuronal reorganization.
Data from Androgen Receptor Inhibits Estrogen Receptor-α Activity and Is Prognostic in Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;There is emerging evidence that the balance between estrogen receptor-α (ERα) and androgen receptor (AR) signaling is a critical determinant of growth in the normal and malignant breast. In this study, we assessed AR status in a cohort of 215 invasive ductal breast carcinomas. AR and ERα were coexpressed in the majority (80-90%) of breast tumor cells. Kaplan-Meier product limit analysis and multivariate Cox regression showed that AR is an independent prognostic factor in ERα-positive disease, with a low level of AR (less than median of 75% positive cells) conferring a 4.6-fold increased risk of cancer-related death (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.002). Consistent with a role for AR in breast cancer outcome, AR potently inhibited ERα transactivation activity and 17β-estradiol–stimulated growth of breast cancer cells. Transfection of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells with either functionally impaired AR variants or the DNA-binding domain of the AR indicated that the latter is both necessary and sufficient for inhibition of ERα signaling. Consistent with molecular modeling, electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed binding of the AR to an estrogen-responsive element (ERE). Evidence for a functional interaction of the AR with an ERE &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; was provided by chromatin immunoprecipitation data, revealing recruitment of the AR to the progesterone receptor promoter in T-47D breast cancer cells. We conclude that, by binding to a subset of EREs, the AR can prevent activation of target genes that mediate the stimulatory effects of 17β-estradiol on breast cancer cells. [Cancer Res 2009;69(15):6131–40]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Recent developments in the discovery of MCH-1R antagonists for the treatment of obesity – an update (2005)

AbstractSince the discovery and characterisation of melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH) and its role in the regulation of food intake and energy expenditure, there has been increasing interest in this cyclic peptide. The identification of the MCH-1 receptor (MCH-1R) in 1999 initiated the search for small molecules that could block the effects of MCH and provide novel agents for the treatment of obesity. A large number of companies is now actively pursuing MCH-1R antagonists and a wide range of structural types have been reported. Several compounds have been reported to be efficacious in rodent models of obesity and two compounds have recently entered into human clinical trials.Keywords:: melanin concentrating hormone (MCH)MCH receptorMCH-1Robesity
Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) receiver for wideband space-time communications (2002)

A new receiver structure able to deliver high data rates in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) frequency selective wireless environment is proposed and investigated. The optimal solution for the finite length MIMO decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with cancellation is derived and used to illustrate the potential of this architecture for space-time communications. LMS and RLS adaptive algorithms are also presented for the MIMO architecture. The convergence and performance of these algorithms is confirmed through simulation results. The proposed adaptive solutions do not require channel identification, are less computationally intensive than the optimal solution and allow the proposed MIMO receiver to adapt to channel changes.
A performance evaluation of Software Defined Networking load balancers implementations (2017)

Traditional network load balancers have been developed and deployed by combining software and hardware into network appliances. This approach makes network load balancers inflexible (limited number schedule disciplines implemented), expensive and hard to perform network management tasks. Software Defined Networking (SDN) is emerging as new network paradigm that separates software and hardware roles in devices (vertical integration), enables programmability of networks, generalizes network devices and functions, and centralizes network management. Those ideas can be apply to development of new load balancers to overlap the disadvantages of traditional load balancers. Thus, this work evaluated the performance of SDN load balancers implementations with different schedule disciplines (Random, Round-Robin and CPU Usage), and the reactive and active SDN load balancers. Through careful performance evaluation based on collected data and the reviewed literature, we concluded that SDN load balancers implementations are very effective, viable, flexible and inexpensive solutions to distributed the network load.
Endoscopic endonasal atlantoaxial transarticular screw fixation technique: an anatomical feasibility and biomechanical study (2015)

OBJECT The primary disadvantage of the posterior cervical approach for atlantoaxial stabilization after odontoidectomy is that it is conducted as a second-stage procedure. The goal of the current study is to assess the surgical feasibility and biomechanical performance of an endoscopic endonasal surgical technique for C1-2 fixation that may eliminate the need for posterior fixation after odontoidectomy. METHODS The first step of the study was to perform endoscopic endonasal anatomical dissections of the craniovertebral junction in 10 silicone-injected fixed cadaveric heads to identify relevant anatomical landmarks. The second step was to perform a quantitative analysis using customized software in 10 reconstructed adult cervical spine CT scans to identify the optimal screw entry point and trajectory. The third step was biomechanical flexibility testing of the construct and comparison with the posterior C1-2 transarticular fixation in 14 human cadaveric specimens. RESULTS Adequate surgical exposure and identification of the key anatomical landmarks, such as C1-2 lateral masses, the C-1 anterior arch, and the odontoid process, were provided by the endonasal endoscopic approach in all specimens. Radiological analysis of anatomical detail suggested that the optimal screw entry point was on the anterior aspect of the C-1 lateral mass near the midpoint, and the screw trajectory was inferiorly and slightly laterally directed. The custommade angled instrumentation was crucial for screw placement. Biomechanical analysis suggested that anterior C1-2 fixation compared favorably to posterior fixation by limiting flexion-extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending (p > 0.3). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study that demonstrates the feasibility of an endoscopic endonasal technique for C1-2 fusion. This novel technique may have clinical utility by eliminating the need for a second-stage posterior fixation operation in certain patients undergoing odontoidectomy.
FlexLab and LevLab: A Portable Control and Mechatronics Educational System (2019)

This article describes a compact, low-cost, single-board FlexLab/LevLab electromechanical system for use in teaching modeling, dynamics, and control of mechatronic systems. The portable educational platform proposed in this article enables a flipped-lab approach where students can do experimental work outside a dedicated lab facility and so, achieve a better understanding through more extensive hands-on experiences. The system has actuators, sensors, and power electronics implemented on a 70 × 100 mm printed circuit board. Mechanical motion in up to three degrees of freedom (DoFs) is implemented using on-board spiral coils as Lorentz actuators to drive moving permanent magnets (PM) with Hall effect position sensing on each magnet. The maximum magnet motion range is 4 and 3 mm in the vertical direction for the FlexLab and LevLab, respectively, and the positioning noise of the Hall effect sensors with an oversampling filter is approximately 0.2 μm RMS. In the FlexLab configuration, up to three PM disk pairs can be mounted on a flexible cantilever beam in locations which interact with three spiral coils. This configuration allows modeling, measurement, and control of second-, fourth-, and sixth-order mass-spring system dynamics. In the LevLab configuration, the board can implement both singleand three-DoF magnetic suspension systems via Lorentz forces on either a spherical PM or three pairs of disk PMs on a triangular backbone.
Hsp 70/Hsp 90 organizing protein as a nitrosylation target in cystic fibrosis therapy (2010)

The endogenous signaling molecule S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) and other S-nitrosylating agents can cause full maturation of the abnormal gene product DeltaF508 cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). However, the molecular mechanism of action is not known. Here we show that Hsp70/Hsp90 organizing protein (Hop) is a critical target of GSNO, and its S-nitrosylation results in DeltaF508 CFTR maturation and cell surface expression. S-nitrosylation by GSNO inhibited the association of Hop with CFTR in the endoplasmic reticulum. This effect was necessary and sufficient to mediate GSNO-induced cell-surface expression of DeltaF508 CFTR. Hop knockdown using siRNA recapitulated the effect of GSNO on DeltaF508 CFTR maturation and expression. Moreover, GSNO acted additively with decreased temperature, which promoted mutant CFTR maturation through a Hop-independent mechanism. We conclude that GSNO corrects DeltaF508 CFTR trafficking by inhibiting Hop expression, and that combination therapies--using differing mechanisms of action--may have additive benefits in treating CF.
Leakage Power Analysis of 25-nm Double-Gate CMOS Devices and Circuits (2005)

Leakage power and input pattern dependence of leakage for extremely scaled (L/sub eff/=25nm) double-gate (DG) circuits are analyzed, compared with those of conventional bulk-Si counterpart. Physics-based numerical two-dimensional simulation results for DG CMOS device/circuit power are presented, identifying that DG technology is an ideal candidate for low-power applications. Unique DG device features resulting from gate-gate coupling are discussed and effectively exploited for optimal low-leakage device design. Design tradeoffs for DG CMOS power and performance are suggested for low-power and high-performance applications. Total power consumptions of static and dynamic circuits and latches for DG device, considering state dependency, show that leakage currents for DG circuits are reduced by a factor of over 10/spl times/, compared with bulk-Si counterpart.
A Second Look at Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis as a Spent Fuel NDA Technique (2016)

Many different nondestructive analysis techniques are currently being investigated as a part of the United States Department of Energy's Next Generation Safeguards Initiative (NGSI) seeking methods to quantify plutonium in spent fuel. Neutron Resonance Transmission Analysis (NRTA) is one of these techniques. Having first been explored in the mid-1970s for the analysis of individual spent-fuel pins a second look, using advanced simulation and modeling methods, is now underway to investigate the suitability of the NRTA technique for assaying complete spent nuclear fuel assemblies. The technique is similar to neutron time-of-flight methods used for cross-section determinations but operates over only the narrow 0.1-20 eV range where strong, distinguishable resonances exist for both the plutonium (239, 240, 241,242Pu) and uranium (235,236,238U) isotopes of interest in spent fuel. Additionally, in this energy range resonances exists for six important fission products (99Tc, 103Rh, 131Xe, 133Cs, 145Nd, and 152Sm) which provide additional information to support spent fuel plutonium assay determinations. Initial modeling shows excellent agreement with previously published experimental data for measurements of individual spent-fuel pins where plutonium assays were demonstrated to have a precision of 2-4%. Within the simulation and modeling analyses of this project scoping studies have explored fourteen different aspects of the technique including the neutron source, drift tube configurations, and gross neutron transmission as well as the impacts of fuel burn up, cooling time, and fission-product interferences. These results show that NRTA may be a very capable experimental technique for spent-fuel assay measurements. The results suggest sufficient transmission strength and signal differentiability is possible for assays through up to 8 pins. For an 8-pin assay (looking at an assembly diagonally), 64% of the pins in a typical 17 ? 17 array of a pressurized water reactor fuel assembly can be part of a complete transmission assay measurement with high precision. Analysis of rows with up to 12 pins may also be feasible but with diminished precision. Preliminary data analysis of an NRTA simulation has demonstrated the simplicity of the technique.
Synthesis and Applications of Dicationic Iodide Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2019)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) have been receiving growing attentions as a potential alternative to order photovoltaic devices due to their high efficiency and low manufacturing cost. DSSCs are composed of a photosensitizing dye adsorbed on a mesoporous film of nanocrystalline TiO2 as a photoelectrode, an electrolyte containing triiodide/iodide redox couple, and a platinized counter electrode. To improve photovoltaic properties of DSSCs, new dicationic salts based on ionic liquids were synthesized. Quite comparable efficiencies were obtained from electrolytes with new dicationic iodide salts. The best cell performance of 7.96% was obtained with dicationic salt of PBDMIDI.
Genetic Mapping of Millions of SNPs in Safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) via Whole-Genome Resequencing (2016)

Accurate assembly of complete genomes is facilitated by very high density genetic maps. We performed low-coverage, whole-genome shotgun sequencing on 96 F6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of a cross between safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and its wild progenitor (C. palaestinus Eig). We also produced a draft genome assembly of C. tinctorius covering 866 million bp (∼two-thirds) of the expected 1.35 Gbp genome after sequencing a single, short insert library to ∼21 × depth. Sequence reads from the RILs were mapped to this genome assembly to facilitate SNP identification, and the resulting polymorphisms were used to construct a genetic map. The resulting map included 2,008,196 genetically located SNPs in 1178 unique positions. A total of 57,270 scaffolds, each containing five or more mapped SNPs, were anchored to the map. This resulted in the assignment of sequence covering 14% of the expected genome length to a genetic position. Comparison of this safflower map to genetic maps of sunflower and lettuce revealed numerous chromosomal rearrangements, and the resulting patterns were consistent with a whole-genome duplication event in the lineage leading to sunflower. This sequence-based genetic map provides a powerful tool for the assembly of a low-cost draft genome of safflower, and the same general approach is expected to work for other species.
Remodeling of strain energy function of common bile duct post obstruction. (2005)

Biliary duct obstruction is an important clinical condition that affects millions of people worldwide. We have previously shown that the common bile duct (CBD) undergoes significant growth and remodelling post obstruction. The mechanical stress-strain relation is expected to change due to growth and remodeling in response to obstruction and hence pressure-overload. The objective of the present study was to characterize the material properties of the CBD of the sham group and at 3 hours, 12 hours, 2 days, 8 days and 32 days (n=5 in each group) after obstruction. The Fung's exponential strain energy function was used to relate stress to strain of the normal and remodeled ducts. The Marquardt-Levenberg and genetic algorithm methods were used for the determination of material constants for the exponential strain energy function. The elastic constants obtained by the two methods did not differ (p>0.254). We obtained stable and convergent material constants at every time point. The material constant that dictates the nonlinear rate of change in the circumferential stress with respect to strain increased significantly after obstruction acutely in the first 12 hrs., decreased at 2 days and finally increased montonically during the remaining 30 days. The acute initial increase in stiffness was simply due to the elastic response. The chronic remodeling process results in an initial circumferential softening followed by stiffening of the CBD. This study has important clinical significance for patients with CBD obstruction and for endoscopists and surgeons who treat the condition.
Chapter 11 Mechanisms of neuronal plasticity as analyzed at the single cell level (1995)

This chapter has highlighted how correlates of neuronal plasticity such as electrophysiological responsiveness and changes in gene expression may be examined in defined CNS regions as well as in single cells. The ability to simultaneously measure the mRNA levels for hundreds of different genes, to clone novel genes, and to characterize the physiology and morphology of the cell promises to provide insight into molecular mechanisms of plasticity. The importance of understanding how one gene product changes relative to another (coordinated changes) as well as subcellular distribution of mRNAs cannot be overstated. It is only through an analysis of both the molecular and cellular processes associated with plasticity that a thorough understanding of the mechanisms of neuronal plasticity can be gained.