gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spent Yeast from Brewing Processes: A Biodiverse Starting Material for Yeast Extract Production (2019)

Spent yeast from beer manufacturing is a cost-effective and nutrient-rich starting material for the production of yeast extracts. In this study, it is shown how physiologically important ingredients in a yeast extract are influenced by the composition of the spent yeast from the brewing process. In pilot fermentations, the time of cropping (primary fermentation, lagering) of the spent yeast and the original gravity (12 ˚P, 16 ˚P, 20 ˚P) of the fermentation medium was varied, and four alternative non-Saccharomyces yeast strains were compared with two commercial Saccharomyces yeast strains. In addition, spent yeast was contaminated with the beer spoiler Lactobacillus brevis. The general nutrient composition (total protein, fat, ash) was investigated as well as the proteinogenic amino acid spectrum, the various folate vitamers (5-CH3-H4folate, 5-CHO-H4folate, 10-CHO-PteGlu, H4folate, PteGlu) and the biological activity (reduction, antioxidative potential) of a mechanically (ultrasonic sonotrode) and an autolytically produced yeast extract. All the investigated ingredients from the yeast extract were influenced by the composition of the spent yeast from the brewing process. The biodiversity of the spent yeast from the brewing process therefore directly affects the content of physiologically valuable ingredients of a yeast extract and should be taken into consideration in industrial manufacturing processes.
Response of an On-Chip Coil-Integrated Superconducting Tunnel Junction to X-rays (2003)

An on-chip coil-integrated superconducting tunnel junction (OC2-STJ) was irradiated by X-rays emitted from an 55Fe source to the examine the performance of X-ray detection by applying a magnetic field produced by a superconducting microstrip coil integrated into the junction chip. Response characteristics were obtained for a diamond-shaped Nb-based tunnel junction with a sensitive area of 100×100 µm2 in the OC2-STJ chip. Two kinds of stable operation modes with different pulse heights were observed by changing the magnetic flux density in the barrier region of the junction. In the low-pulse-height mode, the pulse height distribution exhibits two full-energy peaks corresponding to signals created in the top and base electrodes. Stable operation of the OC2-STJ was demonstrated without using conventional external electromagnets.
Signaling Circuits and Regulation of Immune Suppression by Ovarian Tumor-Associated Macrophages (2015)

The barriers presented by immune suppression in the ovarian tumor microenvironment present one of the biggest challenges to development of successful tumor vaccine strategies for prevention of disease recurrence and progression following primary surgery and chemotherapy. New insights gained over the last decade have revealed multiple mechanisms of immune regulation, with ovarian tumor-associated macrophages/DC likely to fulfill a central role in creating a highly immunosuppressive milieu that supports disease progression and blocks anti-tumor immunity. This review provides an appraisal of some of the key signaling pathways that may contribute to immune suppression in ovarian cancer, with a particular focus on the potential involvement of the c-KIT/PI3K/AKT, wnt/β-catenin, IL-6/STAT3 and AhR signaling pathways in regulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in tumor-associated macrophages. Knowledge of intercellular and intracellular circuits that shape immune suppression may afford insights for development of adjuvant treatments that alleviate immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment and enhance the clinical efficacy of ovarian tumor vaccines.
Synthesis of 2,4,5-Trisubstituted 3-Fluorofurans via Sequential Iodocyclization and Cross-Coupling of gem-Difluorohomopropargyl Alcohols (2008)

The iodocyclization of gem-difluorohomoallenyl and gem-difluorohomopropargyl alcohols with I2 and ICl, respectively, produced the corresponding fluorinated iodofuran analogues in good yields. The iodo substituent in fluorinated 4-iodofurans was utilized as a synthetic handle to prepare multi-substituted 3-fluorofurans using a Suzuki cross-coupling reaction. The yields of both iodocyclization of gem-difluorohomopropargyl alcohol and subsequent Suzuki coupling were dramatically enhanced by microwave irradiation.
A finite element rheological model for polymethylmethacrylate flow: Analysis of the cement delivery in vertebroplasty (2004)

Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is increasingly used in orthopaedics. Finite element (FE) modelling can play an important role in understanding the PMMA flow behaviour. However, FE models have not been used so far because conventional FE packages do not allow for the rheopectic and pseudoplastic behaviour of PMMA to be taken into consideration and because it requires multiple expertise to incorporate these behaviours into an FE package. The objectives of the present paper are to: (a) propose a rheological model that describes PMMA flow behaviour; (b) implement this model into ANSYS using FORTRAN; and (c) validate the implementation by comparing it with analytical solutions. After the validation showed good agreement, an FE model of PMMA delivery through an eight-gauge cannula was developed to examine the extra-vertebral flow conditions of vertebroplasty. The FE analysis showed a logarithmic increase of the injection pressure, where it almost doubled from 1.2 to 2.3 MPa over two minutes. This unanticipated non-linear increase is due to the highly non-uniform viscosity profile in the cannula. It can be concluded that: (a) the rheological model implemented in ANSYS can be used to analyse practical flow problems related to PMMA and (b) time and shear-rate effects of PMMA are crucial to estimate its flow behaviour accurately.
Applications of Human Hematopoietic Stem Cells Isolated and Expanded from Different Tissues in Regenerative Medicine (2013)

Bone marrow transplantation is a well-established stem cell-based therapy for the management of malignant and nonmalignant hematological disorders. In addition to the bone marrow, therapeutic hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) can also be obtained from umbilical cord blood and mobilized peripheral blood. Transplantation of HSCs isolated from these tissues can be carried out with or without prior enrichment of specific cell types. New methodologies have been developed for lineage-specific HSC expansion and their transplantation as a supplementary treatment to whole bone marrow transplantation. In this review we have described the current methodologies for isolating and processing HSCs from various tissues, and discussed strategies to generate sufficient and functional HSCs for clinical and preclinical applications by expansion ex vivo. The various disease conditions in which these cells could be used, and the methods for delivering the cells into patients, are also discussed.
Fiber AOTF with record large FSR and its application as an NIR spectrometer (2007)

A fiber acousto-optic tunable filter (FAOTF) is developed for near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy applications. The FAOTF is built on a 7-cm long cladding etched high numerical aperture (NA) single mode fiber. By tailoring the dispersion of the fiber, the core mode to higher order cladding mode coupling of the FAOTF is completely suppressed, leaving only LP<sub>01</sub> mode (the core mode) to LP<sub>11</sub> mode (the first order cladding mode) coupling enabled. This technique enables the FAOTF to operate with a record large free spectral range (FSR) of >700nm, which is required by NIR spectroscopy applications. Other features of the fiber AOTF include a large wavelength tuning range of >500nm (from 1700nm to 2200nm), a narrow bandwidth of <5.5nm, a low insertion loss of <0.2dB, and a small electrical power consumption of <100mW. For test purposes, the fiber AOTF spectrometer is utilized to measure the output spectrum of a super-luminescence diode (SLD) light source emitting at around 2100nm. In comparison with the same spectrum measured with a PbS array spectrometer, the spectrum acquired with the AOTF spectrometer shows much better resolution and reveals fine spectral features of the SLD light source.
The influence of aluminum concentration on photoelectrochemical etching of first order gratings in GaAs/AlGaAs (1995)

We present a set of experiments which systematically clarifies the enhancement of photoelectrochemical (PEC) etching due to the mole fraction of aluminum in AlxGa1−xAs. The spatial resolution of gratings etched in Al0.3Ga0.7As is as much as three times greater than the spatial resolution of gratings etched in GaAs, so that the smallest practical grating period is about 0.3 μm, as compared with about 0.7 μm using previous techniques. This technique enabled PEC fabrication of first order gratings for waveguide outcouplers. The lower hole mobility of AlxGa1−xAs is proposed as a possible explanation for this grating resolution improvement.
<title>High-precision 2D angle measurement using fringe analysis techniques</title> (2001)

In this paper, a novel angle measurement method using the fringe analysis techniques is proposed. In this method, a 2D surface profile including a tilt is obtained by fringe analysis, and the tilt in the 2D surface profile is determined by fitting the obtained surface profile with a plane. From the fitted plane, 2D angles can be easily obtained. Simulations using the Fourier transform and phase- shift methods are performed, and the results are compared with each other. Simulations show that 2D angle measurement using the fringe analysis techniques can achieve simultaneously a wide measurement range and high precision.
Current Status and Issues of Blue Laser Diodes (2013)

GaN-based blue laser diodes (LDs) are expected to be adopted to the light sources for full color laser display systems. In this paper, the status of blue LDs development is reviewed, and new high-power blue LDs on c-plane GaN substrate, which were recently fabricated, are disclosed. The typical optical output power, voltage and wall-plug efficiency at an operating current of 2.3 A, for these LDs, were 3.75 W, 4.24 V, and 38.5%, respectively. The lifetime estimated from 50 ℃ aging test was over 30,000 hours.
Anti‐inflammatory actions of an N‐terminal peptide from human lipocortin 1 (1993)

An acetylated polypeptide corresponding to residues 2-26 of human lipocortin 1 was synthesized and the anti-inflammatory activity assessed in three models of acute inflammation in rat and mouse. In the carrageenin rat paw oedema test, the peptide produced a maximal inhibition of approximately 41% at the 3 h time point with a 10 micrograms dose. When rat paw oedema was induced by the injection of venom phospholipase A2, the peptide produced a significant inhibition (31%) at the top dose of 20 micrograms per paw. In the mouse air-pouch model, systemic treatment with the peptide produced a dramatic reduction in cytokine-induced leukocyte migration with an ID50 of approximately 40 micrograms per mouse. The N-terminal peptide 2-26 shares the actions of lipocortin 1 in these acute models of inflammation.
Modulating Androgen Receptor-Driven Transcription in Prostate Cancer with Selective CDK9 Inhibitors (2020)

Castration-resistant prostate cancers (CRPCs) lose sensitivity to androgen-deprivation therapies but frequently remain dependent on oncogenic transcription driven by the androgen receptor (AR) and its splice variants. To discover modulators of AR-variant activity, we used a lysate-based small-molecule microarray assay and identified KI-ARv-03 as an AR-variant complex binder that reduces AR-driven transcription and proliferation in prostate cancer cells. We deduced KI-ARv-03 to be a potent, selective inhibitor of CDK9, an important cofactor for AR, MYC, and other oncogenic transcription factors. Further optimization resulted in KB-0742, an orally bioavailable, selective CDK9 inhibitor with potent anti-tumor activity in CRPC models. In 22Rv1 cells, KB-0742 rapidly downregulates nascent transcription, preferentially depleting short half-life transcripts and AR-driven oncogenic programs. In vivo, oral administration of KB-0742 significantly reduced tumor growth in CRPC, supporting CDK9 inhibition as a promising therapeutic strategy to target AR dependence in CRPC.
Gender differences, outcomes and trends among nonagenarian with atrial fibrillation: insight from National Inpatient Sample database. (2021)

From 2005 to 2014, AF-related hospitalizations among NGs increased, more so in in females population, mortality trends improved, rates of anticoagulation increased, and cardioversions increased. Despite the decreasing trend of in-hospital mortality since 2005, the relatively high mortality rate in males warrants further studies.
A Modified Fitch Device for Measuring the Thermal Conductivity of Small Food Particles (1989)

ABSTRACT Adevice was developed for measurement of thermal conductivity of individual food particles. The system is a modification of the Fitch apparatus, the original copper plates have been reduced in size to accommodate small food particles. The sample is sliced to a constant thickness and sandwiched between the two copper plates, one plate acts as a heat sink, and the other plate as a heat source. The instrument was tested for accuracy and calibrated by determining thermal conductivity of glass and comparing the results with measurements made with the Heat Flow Meter (ASTM Standard C5'8-76, ASTM, 1976). Kidney bean samples were also used and results are presented for different moisture content levels.
Evidence for a Common Neural Mechanism Mediating Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor-Induced and Somatostatin-lnduced Feeding (1993)

We have previously reported that the somatotropin regulatory peptides, growth hormone-releasing hormone (GRF) and somatostatin (SS) increase feeding when applied centrally in low picomole-range doses. The similarity between the dose-response characteristics and photoperiod sensitivities of these two peptide's feeding effects, together with indirect evidence suggesting that these peptides interact functionally within the hypothalamus, suggests that GRF and SS may induce feeding via a common neural mechanism. The present studies sought to investigate this possibility. In the first experiment combined intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of optimal doses of GRF and SS were found to be less potent than icv injections of GRF or SS alone, suggesting that the mechanisms mediating GRF-induced and SS-induced feeding are not totally independent. In further studies, icv injections of antiserum raised against SS blocked GRF-induced feeding. In contrast, icv injections of antiserum raised against GRF were ineffective in blocking SS-induced feeding. These results suggest that SS may act downstream to GRF in a putative neural feeding mechanism which utilizes both peptides. The possible anatomical basis for such a feeding mechanism involving GRF and SS is discussed.
Integration of metal masking and etching for deep submicron patterning (2000)

Although copper damascene interconnects offer many advantages over conventional subtractive etched Al alloys, the challenges and costs associated with converting to copper have combined to extend the useful life of Al alloy etching into the deep submicron regime. As a result, metal masking and etching are facing new challenges. Deep ultraviolet (DUV) photolithography has replaced the conventional i-line technique for patterning fine metal pitches, but some DUV photoresists are less able to withstand the aggressive plasma environment than their i-line counterparts. Reflectivity increases at DUV wavelength, so dielectric antireflective films are added on top of the metal stack. The mask-open process, where the dielectric film is plasma etched prior to etching the metal stack, alters the photoresist further and influences the subsequent metal etch. Aspect ratio dependent etch effects increase when etching narrow spaces resulting from tightened metal pitches, and gas additives may be required to protect the metal sidewalls. These effects are characterized and the challenges of deep submicron metal etch process development are discussed. The option of true hardmasked etching of the metal stack is also investigated.
The Effect of Radial Head Excision and Arthroplasty on Elbow Kinematics and Stability (2004)

Radial head excision causes altered elbow kinematics and increased laxity. The kinematics and laxity of stable elbows after radial head arthroplasty are similar to those of elbows with a native radial head. However, radial head arthroplasty alone may be insufficient for the treatment of complex fractures that are associated with damage to the collateral ligaments as arthroplasty alone does not restore stability to elbows with ligament injuries.
Intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles by a novel alkalotolerant actinomycete,Rhodococcusspecies (2003)

The development of reliable, eco-friendly processes for the synthesis of nanoscale materials is an important aspect of nanotechnology. In this paper, we report on the use of an alkalotolerant actinomycete (Rhodococcus sp.) in the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles of the dimension 5–15 nm. Electron microscopy analysis of thin sections of the gold actinomycete cells indicated that gold particles with good monodispersity were formed on the cell wall as well as on the cytospasmic membrane. The particles are more concentrated on the cytoplasmic membrane than on the cell wall, possibly due to reduction of the metal ions by enzymes present in the cell wall and on the cytoplasmic membrane. The metal ions were not toxic to the cells and the cells continued to multiply after biosynthesis of the gold nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthetic Potential of Three‐Membered Ring Aza‐Heterocycles (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Vermessung der Cochlea- Einfluss des Untersuchers (2023)

Einleitung Cochlea-Implantate ermöglichen Patienten mit einer Ertaubung oder hochgradigen Schwerhörigkeit eine effektive auditive Rehabilitation. Viele Aspekte wie zum Beispiel Ertaubungsdauer, jeweiliger Hörverlust, individuelle Anatomie müssen präoperativ betrachtet werden, um eine, für den Patienten, optimale Elektrode und Insertionstiefe auszuwählen. Ein wichtiger Punkt zur optimalen Elektrodenwahl ist die Länge der Cochlea.
Investigation of Diesel Liquid Spray Penetration Fluctuations under Vaporizing Conditions (2012)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Diesel combustion and emissions formation is largely spray and mixing controlled and hence understanding spray parameters, specifically vaporization, is key to determine the impact of fuel injector operation and nozzle design on combustion and emissions. In this study, an eight-hole common rail piezoelectric injector was tested in an optically accessible constant volume combustion vessel at charge gas conditions typical of full load boosted engine operation. Liquid penetration of the eight sprays was determined via processing of images acquired from Mie back scattering under vaporizing conditions by injecting into a charge gas at elevated temperature with 0% oxygen. Conditions investigated included a charge temperature sweep of 800 to 1300 K and injection pressure sweep of 1034 to 2000 bar at a constant charge density of 34.8 kg/m₃. Under these conditions there are noticeable fluctuations in liquid phase penetration once the steady state liquid length has been established, on the order of 10% of the mean liquid length. These fluctuations in penetration were seen in each plume with increases and decreases in liquid length around a mean value, with the mean quasi-steady liquid lengths ranging from 9 to 18 mm, dependent upon test conditions. An analysis of the fluctuations is undertaken including characterizing frequency content of the liquid length and fuel pressure fluctuations, along with a parametric sensitivity study using a 1-D liquid-length model (for the baseline test condition of 2000 bar injection pressure, 1100 K bulk gas temperature, 0% oxygen, 34.8 kg/m₃ density environment, with a fuel temperature of 363 K). Hypotheses are presented to explain the causes of these fluctuations which include injection pressure oscillations due to fuel injection, cavitation and injector internal flow observed in injector coefficients, temperature gradients of the ambient charge gas, turbulence, or slugs of fuel detaching from the leading edge of the spray. Results dictate that the likely causes of liquid length fluctuations are a combination of detaching fuel slugs, turbulence, charge-gas temperature variations, and nozzle flow variations.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Combined heat and privacy: Preventing occupancy detection from smart meters (2014)

Electric utilities are rapidly deploying smart meters that record and transmit electricity usage in real-time. As prior research shows, smart meter data indirectly leaks sensitive, and potentially valuable, information about a home's activities. An important example of the sensitive information smart meters reveal is occupancy-whether or not someone is home and when. As prior work also shows, occupancy is surprisingly easy to detect, since it highly correlates with simple statistical metrics, such as power's mean, variance, and range. Unfortunately, prior research that uses chemical energy storage, e.g., batteries, to prevent appliance power signature detection is prohibitively expensive when applied to occupancy detection. To address this problem, we propose preventing occupancy detection using the thermal energy storage of large elastic heating loads already present in many homes, such as electric water and space heaters. In essence, our approach, which we call Combined Heat and Privacy (CHPr), controls the power usage of these large loads to make it look like someone is always home. We design a CHPr-enabled water heater that regulates its energy usage to mask occupancy without violating its objective, e.g., to provide hot water on demand, and evaluate it in simulation and using a prototype. Our results show that a 50-gallon CHPr-enabled water heater decreases the Matthews Correlation Coefficient (a standard measure of a binary classifier's performance) of a threshold-based occupancy detection attack in a representative home by 10x (from 0.44 to 0.045), effectively preventing occupancy detection at no extra cost.
Animal hepatitis B viruses (1989)

Article de synthese presentant les virus animaux de l'hepatite B. Etude comparative de la biologie moleculaire de differents hepadnavirus: virus de l'hepatite B du canard, de la marmotte, de l'ecureuil. Discussion sur leur pathogenicite et leur epidemiologie