gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solid-State NMR Studies of Fossil Fuels using One- and Two-Dimensional Methods at High Magnetic Field (2012)

We examine the opportunities offered by advancements in solid-state NMR (SSNMR) methods, which increasingly rely on the use of high magnetic fields and fast magic angle spinning (MAS), in the studies of coals and other carbonaceous materials. The sensitivity of one- and two-dimensional experiments tested on several Argonne Premium coal samples is only slightly lower than that of traditional experiments performed at low magnetic fields in large MAS rotors, since higher receptivity per spin and the use of 1H detection of low-gamma nuclei can make up for most of the signal loss due to the small rotor size. The advantages of modern SSNMR methodology in these studies include improved resolution, simplicity of pulse sequences, and the possibility of using J-coupling during mixing.
Resistance training improves muscle strength and functional capacity in multiple sclerosis (2009)

The present study provides level III evidence supporting the hypothesis that lower extremity progressive resistance training can improve muscle strength and functional capacity in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Endometrial Ablation: Where Have We Been? Where Are We Going? (2006)

Endometrial ablation (EA) is targeted destruction of the endothelial surface of the uterine cavity. The procedure was originally designed as a less invasive alternative to hysterectomy for the symptom of heavy menstrual bleeding unrelated to structural pathology of the uterus, that was not responsive to medical therapy. More recently it has become apparent that the procedure can be performed in the presence of submucous leiomyomas, providing they meet a number of size and location criteria. The first EA serie as published in Germany in the 1930s, but the procedure did not attract much attention until the latter part of the 20th century. Currently, EA can be performed under endoscopic direction with the neodymium:yttrium alumnum garnet laser, with a radiofrequency resectoscope, or with an expanding array of nonresectoscopic EA systems. It is apparent that most but not all of the complications associated with resectoscopic endometrial ablation are eliminated with nonresectoscopic endometrial ablation, but serious morbidity has been reported with all of the newer systems to date. Success and patient satisfaction seem to be enduring in the majority of well-selected patients treated in clinical trials, but repeat surgery, usually hysterectomy, is performed in 25% to 40% by 5 years after surgery. Increased efficiencies should be realized if the procedure could be moved to an office setting.
De-centring sexualities. Politics and representations beyond the metropolis (2000)

This book of critical rural geography breaks new ground by drawing attention to sex and sexualities outside the metropolis. It explores sexualities and sexual experiences in a variety of rural and marginal spaces with international contributions from a wide range of disciplines. These include: literary and cultural studies, lesbian and gay studies, geography, history and law. Among the topics uncovered are: * a lesbian in rural England * sexual life in rural Wales * sexuality in rural South Africa * scandal in the American South: sex, race and politics * nature and homosexuality in literature * Derry/Londonderry as a sexual space * how 'country folk' are sexualised in popular culture.
Adaptive and Resilient Circuits for Dynamic Variation Tolerance (2013)

This paper focuses on techniques to build more effective circuits for dynamic variation tolerance. Three main approaches are presented based on adaptive circuits, error detection and recovery techniques, and adaptive clock distribution. The tradeoffs in effectiveness and overhead of these different solutions are discussed.
Optical description of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. II. Device optical modeling with implications for improving efficiency (2009)

We use the optical transfer-matrix method to quantify the spatial distribution of light in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), employing material optical properties measured experimentally in the accompanying article (Part I) as input into the optical model. By comparing the optical modeling results with experimental photovoltaic action spectra for solid-state DSCs containing either a ruthenium-based dye or an organic indoline-based dye, we show that the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of the devices for both dyes is around 60% for almost all wavelengths, substantially lower than the almost 100% IQE measured for liquid DSCs, indicating substantial electrical losses in solid-state DSCs that can account for much of the current factor-of-two difference between the efficiencies of liquid and solid-state DSCs. The model calculations also demonstrate significant optical losses due to absorption by 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenyl-amine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) and TiO2 in the blue and to a lesser extent throughout the visible. As a consequence, the more absorptive organic dye, D149, should outperform the standard ruthenium complex sensitizer, Z907, for all device thicknesses, underlining the potential benefits of high extinction coefficient dyes optimized for solid-state DSC operation.
Cyclopropanation Reactions of Semi-stabilized and Non-stabilized Diazo Compounds (2019)

The cyclopropane ring is present in a large number of bio­active molecules as its incorporation often greatly alters their physiochemical properties. The synthesis of such motif is therefore of interest. Diazo compounds are versatile and powerful reagents that can be used in a broad range of reactions, including cyclopropanation processes. However, in case of unstable diazo reagents such as the donor-substituted­ variants, their inherent toxicity and instability have hampered their effective synthesis and utilization. Herein, we report the recent­ advances devoted to the safe and facile production of these potentially hazardous species and their subsequent application in cyclopropanation reactions, allowing the synthesis of more complex cyclopropylated motifs. 1 Introduction 2 Halomethylmetal-Mediated Cyclopropanations 3 Cyclopropanations through Metallic- or Free Carbenes 3.1 Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Decomposition of Diazo Compounds 3.2 Metal-Free Decomposition of Diazo Compounds 4 Michael Induced Ring Closure (MIRC) Reactions 4.1 Sulfur Ylides 4.2 1,3-Dipolar Cycloadditions 5 Conclusion
Coexistence of Two Granular Temperatures in Binary Vibrofluidized Beds (2002)

An investigation into the granular temperature distributions of a binary vibrofluidized granular bed has been conducted using positron emission particle tracking. By repeating each experiment with the tracer selected in turn from the two size components, the granular temperature and packing fraction distributions for each phase were determined. It was found that, for a range of size fractions, the granular temperature of the larger particles was higher than that of the smaller diameter grains, a result which was supported by a simple theoretical analysis based on the steady state energy equation.
RNA antisense and silencing strategies using synthetic drugs for rare muscular and neuromuscular diseases (2023)

Rare diseases occur in their large majority from a genetic cause, which makes them good candidates for genetic RNA drugs. The basic concepts, principles, mechanisms of action and chemical optimizations of synthetic antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) and small interfering RNA (siRNA) are illustrated. These drugs act either by leading to RNA degradation, or as steric blockers of RNA translation, microRNA antagonists, splicing modulators or inducers of exon skipping. Chemical modifications and delivery techniques differ and are adapted to their distinct functions. The successes, potential, and challenges of synthetic RNA drugs are illustrated for several muscular and neuromuscular diseases: Duchenne muscular dystrophy, spinal muscular atrophy, transthyretin amyloidosis, Type 1 myotonic dystrophy, centronuclear myopathy, oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy.
Design Aspects of Three-Phase Current-Source Converter Commutation Cells with Monolithic Bidirectional GaN Transistors (2022)

The recent availability of novel monolithic bidirectional GaN switches (MBDSs) renders current-source converters (CSCs) with their inherently sinusoidal output voltages an interesting alternative to voltage-source converters (VSCs) for future motor-friendly variable-speed drives (VSDs). However, CSC commutation cells contain three MBDSs and hence obtaining low-inductance and symmetric PCB layouts is more challenging. Furthermore, CSCs employing MBDSs require special multi-step commutation sequences that rely on current-direction and/or voltage-polarity information. In this paper, we provide an overview of these challenges, and, employing Ansys Q3D simulations, comparatively evaluate CSC commutation cell PCB layouts with first-generation 600V, 140mΩ GaN MBDSs regarding commutation inductances and parasitic capacitances. Whereas clearly all available packages are optimized for VSC half-bridges, the identified CSC commutation cell layouts facilitate a compact realization of a full AC-AC VSD prototype (3D CAD model). Still, concepts such as PCB-embedding or chip-level integration of the MBDSs, gate drives, etc. could greatly benefit future high-performance CSC realizations, and ultimately lead to an intelligent power module (IPM) concept for CSCs.
Elements of a proposed security methodology for networks of computers (1986)

In this document we describe the components or elements of a proposed security methodology for networks of computers. This general security methodology separates the ''security life'' of a computer network into two phases; the design, review, and accreditation phase, and the operational phase. The first phase deals with system security planning, implementation, certification, and accreditation for operation. The second phase deals with the processing of unusual events which may be of security interest during the operation of a computer network. The unusual events are processed through a series of ''filters'' to determine if the event is associated with a loss or unauthorized activity. Detection and processing of certain kinds of unusual events may cause the update and review of the elements in the first phase (design, review, and accreditation).
Antioxidants Relieve Phosphatase Inhibition and Reduce PDGF Signaling in Cultured VSMCs and in Restenosis (2006)

PTP-inhibition was identified as an intrinsic component of H2O2- and PDGF-induced signaling in cultured VSMCs. The reduction in PDGF beta-receptor phosphorylation in vivo, and the increase in PTP activity, by antioxidants indicate activation of oxidized PTPs as a previously unrecognized mechanism for the antirestenotic effects of antioxidants. The findings thus suggest, in general terms, reactivation of oxidized PTPs as a novel antirestenotic strategy.
Effect of probe scattering on near field optical imaging of small phase objects: microwave measurements and numerical simulation (1993)

Measurements for investigation of collection and reflection mode scanning near field optical microscopy (SNOM) image generation are performed in the near field of small phase objects using 3 cm microwave interferometers and a tapered open rectangular waveguide as near field probe. Measured field distributions are compared with moment method calculations, including probe scattering. A good agreement is obtained.
Increased circulating level of the autocrine growth factor GP88 (PC cell-derived growth factor factor/progranulin) in early- and advanced-stage non-small cell lung cancer and small cell lung cancer. (2010)

e18103 Background: GP88, is an 88 kDa glycoprotein autocrine growth factor belonging to a newly identified family of growth modulators characterized by unique cysteine-rich motif and playing a role in the proliferation and survival of human cancers by inhibiting apoptosis, stimulating cell migration and invasiveness, and promoting metastasis. In vitro and in vivo studies have examined the biological activity and expression of GP88 in human breast cancer. In particular, pathological and clinical studies investigating the expression of GP88 in lesions and sera from breast cancer patients demonstrated GP88 expression was associated with clinically poor prognosis. The current study evaluated GP88 in lung cancer. Methods: 28 patients newly diagnosed with SCLC or NSCLC or previously diagnosed lung cancer and undergoing chemotherapeutic regimen change were enrolled. 20 healthy adults with similar background, including history of smoking, were enrolled as control group. Venous blood was collected and serum GP88 was tested by human GP88 ELISA. Results: 28 patients enrolled. 6 SCLC (1 Limited stage SCLC, five extended stage SCLC). 22 NSCLC, stage IV: 16, stage III: 3 and stage I: 3. The mean serum GP88 level in the lung cancer study group was 46.5 ± 15.5 ng/mL while the mean serum GP88 level in the control group was 28.4 ± 5.6 ng/mL, p = 0.0004 (Wilcoxon rank sum test). Conclusions: In patients diagnosed with SCLC/NSCLC, there is a statistically significant increase of serum GP88. Further studies will be planned to explore the role of GP88 as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of lung cancer. We are currently accruing additional pts and analyzing whether GP88 has prognostic or predictive value. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
An Aptamer‐Based Approach to Assess the Human Plasma Proteome for Pre‐Analytical Variability (2018)

The quality of clinical samples is of utmost importance when conducting biomedical research with OMICS‐based assays as the variability introduced before sample analysis is a potential confounder in the results. In this study, we used the aptamer‐based SOMAscan® proteomic technology to characterize pre‐analytical variability in human EDTA plasma. The goal of the study was to investigate how variation in the pre‐analytical steps during processing of whole blood to plasma impacts the plasma proteome. Whole blood was obtained from apparently healthy individuals and was collected in a randomized sequence of six EDTA tubes. The pre‐analytical variables included prolongation of the processing start time, storage temperature of whole blood or plasmaprior to and after processing, and variation in applied centrifugal force. The SOMAscan® assay was performed to measure the relative abundance of 1305 proteins. To determine the effects of variations inpre‐analytical processing, the data was statistically analyzed and the results were used to identify significant changes in protein abundance under each study condition relative to the control condition (samples processed without delay and immediately stored at −80°C). Both low centrifugation force(1300 × g compared to 2500 × g ) and blood storage at 0°C for 6 hours resulted in the most significant changes in protein abundance (200 and 148 proteins, respectively, fold change ≥ 1.2, P &lt; 0.05, and FDR &lt; 0.05), while storing immediately processed plasma for 24 hours at 4°C yielded the least changes (28 proteins). The results indicate that blood samples should be immediately processed to plasma and frozen in −80°C without delay in order to preserve sample integrity and to minimize any proteome abundance alterations. The results also provide important information on the discovery of protein abundance changes due to pre‐analytical variability that can be useful in performing effective quality control assessments. Support or Funding Information This study was supported with funds from the National Center for Toxicological Research, Food &amp; Drug Administration, Jefferson, Arkansas. This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal .
Pull-in voltage analysis of electrostatically actuated beam structures with fixed$ndash$fixed and fixed$ndash$free end conditions (2002)

In this paper, a closed-form expression for the pull-in voltage of fixed–fixed beams and fixed–free beams is derived starting from the known expression of a simple lumped spring-mass system. The effects of partial electrode configuration, of axial stress, non-linear stiffening, charge re-distribution and fringing fields are all included in the final expression. Further, the results obtained are summarized and validated with other existing empirical and analytical models as well as with finite element simulation results. The model agrees well with finite element simulation results obtained with COVENTORWARE software.
Antifungal activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) oil and extracts, associated with carnauba wax nanoemulsions, on fungal control of harvest papaya (2021)

ISHS V International Symposium on Postharvest Pathology: From Consumer to Laboratory-Sustainable Approaches to Managing Postharvest Pathogens Antifungal activity of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (ginger) oil and extracts, associated with carnauba wax nanoemulsions, on fungal control of harvest papaya
The Surgical Assistant Workstation (2008)

The Surgical Assistant Workstation (SAW) is a software development framework that can be used to develop new applications in robot-assisted surgery with augmented visualization. Robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery and micro-surgery as presented by the da Vinci telerobotic system and the Johns Hopkins Steady Hand, respectively can be improved by providing fully-integrated image guidance and information-enhanced intra-operative assistance to the surgical team and to the surgeon in particular. This paper describes several use case applications of the SAW framework, as well as a novel user interface library being developed to support 3D interactive menu systems and overlays for surgical guidance.
Quantitative and qualitative differences in C6‐volatile production from the lipoxygenase pathway in an alcohol dehydrogenase mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana (1998)

Six‐carbon (C 6 ) volatile products are released from the enzymatic action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL), a component of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway and form the basis of the “green‐note” flavour characteristic of many consumed plant products. Arabidopsis leaf tissue contains the C 6 ‐aldehydes hexanal, and trans ‐2‐hexenal as well as the C 6 ‐alcohols: hexanol, and 3‐hexenol. Interconversion between C 6 ‐aldehydes and alcohols is thought to proceed through the action of alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH). Using an ADH mutant of Arabidopsis , we have shown that there are large quantitative and qualitative differences in the accumulation of C 6 ‐volatiles in the absence of ADH activity. The total quantity of LOX‐derived volatiles is greater on a fresh weight basis in the ADH mutant. Qualitatively, hexanol and 3‐hexenol levels are approximately 62% and 51% lower in the mutant, respectively, whereas levels of hexenal are approximately 10‐fold higher. Hexanal accumulation, however, is unaffected in the mutant. The altered profile of LOX‐derived volatiles does not have an effect on the steady‐state levels of mRNA for allene oxide synthase (AOS) or LOX. HPL activity and mRNA quantity, however, are higher in the mutant relative to wild type, suggesting that altered product levels in the mutant affect HPL regulation.
VT-1161 protects mice against oropharyngeal candidiasis caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida albicans (2017)

VT-1129 and VT-1161 exhibit significant in vitro activity against Candida strains, including fluconazole-resistant C. albicans and C. glabrata. VT-1161 administration in mice results in significant mucosal drug accumulation and eradicates infection caused by fluconazole-susceptible and -resistant Candida strains.
Online Ensemble Multi-kernel Learning Adaptive to Non-stationary and Adversarial Environments (2018)

Kernel-based methods exhibit well-documented performance in various nonlinear learning tasks. Most of them rely on a preselected kernel, whose prudent choice presumes task-specific prior information. To cope with this limitation, multi-kernel learning has gained popularity thanks to its flexibility in choosing kernels from a prescribed kernel dictionary. Leveraging the random feature approximation and its recent orthogonality-promoting variant, the present contribution develops an online multi-kernel learning scheme to infer the intended nonlinear function `on the fly.' To further boost performance in non-stationary environments, an adaptive multi-kernel learning scheme (termed AdaRaker) is developed with affordable computation and memory complexity. Performance is analyzed in terms of both static and dynamic regret. To our best knowledge, AdaRaker is the first algorithm that can optimally track nonlinear functions in non-stationary settings with theoretical guarantees. Numerical tests on real datasets are carried out to showcase the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Terahertz generation and detection using femtosecond mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser (2016)

We successfully demonstrate a THz generation using an ytterbium (Yb)-doped mode-locked femtosecond fiber laser and a home-made low-temperature grown (LTG) InGaAs Photoconductive antenna (PCA) module for THz Time-domain spectroscopy (TDS) systems. The Yb-doped fiber ring laser consists of a pump laser diode (PLD), a wavelength division multiplexer (WDM) coupler, a single-mode fiber (SMF), a 25 cm-long highly Yb-doped fiber, two collimators, two quarter wave plates (QWPs), a half-wave plate (HWP), a 10 nm broadband band pass filter, an isolator, and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS). In order to achieve the passively mode-locked optical short pulse, the nonlinear polarization rotation (NPR) effect is used. The achieved center wavelength and the 3 dB bandwidth of the modelocked fiber laser are 1.03 μm and ~ 15.6 nm, respectively. It has 175 fs duration after pulse compression with 66.2 MHz repetition rate. The average output power of mode-locked laser has more than 275 mW. The LTG-InGaAs PCA modules are used as the emitter and receiver in order to achieve the THz radiation. The PCA modules comprise a hyper-hemispherical Si lens and a log-spiral antenna-integrated LTG-InGaAs PCA chip electronically contacted on a printed circuit board (PCB). An excitation optical average pumping and probing power were ~ 6.3 mW and 5 mW, respectively. The free-space distance between the emitter and the receiver in the THz-TDS system was 70 mm. The spectrum of the THz radiation is achieved higher than 1.5 THz.
Stretchable Active Matrix Inorganic Light‐Emitting Diode Display Enabled by Overlay‐Aligned Roll‐Transfer Printing (2017)

An active matrix‐type stretchable display is realized by overlay‐aligned transfer of inorganic light‐emitting diode (LED) and single‐crystal Si thin film transistor (TFT) with roll processes. The roll‐based transfer enables integration of heterogeneous thin film devices on a rubber substrate while preserving excellent electrical and optical properties of these devices, comparable to their bulk properties. The electron mobility of the integrated Si‐TFT is over 700 cm 2 V −1 s −1 , and this is attributed to the good interface between the Si channel and the thermally grown SiO 2 insulator. The light emission properties of the LED are of wafer quality. The resulting display stably operates under tensile strains up to 40%, over 200 cycles, demonstrating the potential of stretchable displays based on inorganic materials.