gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applied low cost 'real time' flight simulation code generation in an aeronautial engineering curriculum (1998)

The synergistic learning potential of hands-on experience with flight-controls simulation' complementing the classical and modern classroom theories is now affordable for resource limited universities. Aeronautical engineering programs now have low-cost and powerful computing capabilities that provide the opportunity for a thorough exploration of flight simulation with flight control laws by real-time simulation on the desktop Personal Computer (PC) or on an easily reconfigurable fixed-based simulator driven by PCs. The student is now capable of quickly building the simulation model of a bare-airframe, designing the control laws to tailor the response types and flying qualities, then flight testing the resulting augmented aircraft via joy-stick inceptor on the desktop PC or electronic force feedback inceptor in a fixed-based simulator. Using Matlab/Simulink on a PC, consistent and verifiable real-time simulation code is auto-coded from block diagrams representing the direction of the simulation and architecture of the control laws. Work is in progress to simplify and facilitate the connectivity between hardware, such as inceptors and displays, to the real-time simulation.
Accelerated randomized blind source suppression of quasi-static reverberant artifacts in echocardiography (2016)

Echocardiographic image sequences are frequently corrupted by quasi-static “clutter” artifacts superimposed on the dynamic myocardium. Blind Source Separation (BSS) aIgorithms are often used to suppress clutter while retaining underlying tissue. In this paper, the sparse nature of reverberant artifacts in the time frequency domain is exploited for suppression to achieve reduced computational complexity and tissue signal loss. The performance of the method was validated on five datasets simulated in Field-II and three in vivo datasets and benchmarked with respect to the Singular Value Filter (SVF) algorithm. In simulated data, the proposed method yields a normalized average error of 1.15±0.09 a.u. over five simulated datasets, compared to the SVF, which yields an error of 14.13±1.98 a.u. on the same datasets. The suppressed signal energy was also estimated to quantify loss of `Tissue signal'. The average energy of the suppressed signal for the SVF was 35.60±3.27 a.u. The average energy of the suppressed signal of the proposed method was 25.44±1.95 a.u. Incorporating sparsity and signal characteristics allowed us to accelerate the clutter suppression by three orders of magnitude in this case.
Fuel Cell Dynamics and Control (2008)

Periods of transient operation during start-up, shut-down, and sudden load changes are characteristic and ubiquitous to all power producing devices. During these critical periods, FC systems rely on monitoring and controlling devices and methodologies. In this talk we present how simple model- based control, optimization and estimation techniques can be used to improve the performance and robustness of Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. First, fundamental limitations in controlling the reactant flow of power-autonomous fuel cells will be discussed. These results provide insight on practical control strategies and calibration of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles. Optimization tools will then be used to determine the required fuel cell-battery sizing (hybridization level) and the associated trends in fuel economy. Finally, we focus on the water management problem and specifically, the need for controlling the water distribution inside the PEMFC gas diffusion. We show how time-scale decomposition allowed us to approximate the two-phase, reaction-diffusion, spatially distributed water dynamics and consequently establish a feasible boundary value control problem. Validation results using detailed liquid water prediction with neutron imaging and aggregated multi-cell stack voltage responses are also presented.
Elliptic bundles in homogeneous refractive index media: toward the general solution (2001)

The first 3D ideal concentrators that were found composed solely of mirrors had the property of transmitting elliptic bundles. These are the flow line concentrator (FLC) and the cone concentrator (CC), designed in the late 1970s. More recently, the Lorentz geometry formalism was applied to the problem of finding elliptic bundles in a medium of homogeneous refractive index. In this approach, the edge rays of the elliptic bundle were identified with lightlike curves in Einstein's gravitational theory. A restrictive condition was imposed in this approach: the edge rays were forced to be geodesics of the Euclidean metric and of the Lorentz metric. This restriction provided a tool for getting results, and new elliptic bundles were found. Later, by application of a series expansion from the bundle defined at a reference surface ,it was proven that other solutions exist, and thus the condition imposed in the Lorentz geometry approach was shown to be too restrictive. However, it was not demonstrated that the reference surface approach is general either. A subset of the reference surface solutions was also recently found using the Poisson Bracket design method in curvilinear coordinates which provided a deeper insight in the properties of these bundles. In this paper we present a new approach that leads to the equations which must be fulfilled by all the possible elliptic bundles in an homogeneous medium. This approach is based on the application of the Poisson Bracket design method in Cartesian coordinates. The already-known elliptic bundles are identified as particular solutions of the general equations. The search of new solutions is open, and the condition that must be fulfilled by them is given.
The smectic Z A phase: Antiferroelectric smectic order as a prelude to the ferroelectric nematic (2023)

We have structurally characterized the liquid crystal (LC) phase that can appear as an intermediate state when a dielectric nematic, having polar disorder of its molecular dipoles, transitions to the almost perfectly polar-ordered ferroelectric nematic. This intermediate phase, which fills a 100-y-old void in the taxonomy of smectic LCs and which we term the "smectic Z<sub>A</sub>," is antiferroelectric, with the nematic director and polarization oriented parallel to smectic layer planes, and the polarization alternating in sign from layer to layer with a 180 Å period. A Landau free energy, originally derived from the Ising model of ferromagnetic ordering of spins in the presence of dipole-dipole interactions, and applied to model incommensurate antiferroelectricity in crystals, describes the key features of the nematic-SmZ<sub>A</sub>-ferroelectric nematic phase sequence.
Effects of magnetic field on microstructures and mechanical properties of titanium alloys in ultra-precision diamond turning (2019)

202402 bcch
Supplementary Table S3 from The Vigorous Immune Microenvironment of Microsatellite Instable Colon Cancer Is Balanced by Multiple Counter-Inhibitory Checkpoints (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S3. Primers/probes used for Taqman PCR array.&lt;/p&gt;
Scalability of multi-junction organic solar cells for large area organic solar modules (2015)

We investigate the scalability of multi-junction organic photovoltaic cells (OPV) with device areas ranging from 1 mm2 to 1 cm2, as well as 25 cm2 active area solar modules. We find that the series resistance losses in 1 cm2 vs. 1 mm2 OPV cell efficiencies are significantly higher in single junction cells than tandem, triple, and four junction cells due to the lower operating voltage and higher current of the former. Using sub-electrodes to reduce series resistance, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of multi-junction cells is almost independent of area from 1 mm2 to 1 cm2. Twenty-five, 1 cm2 multi-junction cell arrays are integrated in a module and connected in a series-parallel circuit configuration. A yield of 100% with a deviation of PCE from cell to cell of &amp;lt;10% is achieved. The module generates an output power of 162 ± 9 mW under simulated AM1.5G illumination at one sun intensity, corresponding to PCE = 6.5 ± 0.1%, slightly lower than PCE of discrete cells ranging from 6.7% to 7.2%.
Optical Sensing Directional Acoustic Transducer with Grating Diaphragm Using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Compatible Micromachining Techniques (2005)

In this paper, we present a new directional acoustic transducer using complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS)-micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) micromachining techniques. The diaphragm of the acoustic transducer has a diffraction grating fabricated by the CMOS process requiring only a small number of post processes. The MEMS-based optical acoustic transducer transfers the displacement signal of the diaphragm with a grating pattern to a photodetector, which detects the vibrational displacement of the diaphragm based on changes in optical intensity. The same space conditions for the front and rear surfaces of the diaphragm can be achieved easily in this optical acoustic transducer. This arrangement allows a high directionality without sensitivity for side-on sounds, because the front and rear pressures of the diaphragm are in phase. The directional characteristics of our prototype acoustic transducer were measured, and a high directivity (6 dB attenuation at 30 deg) was confirmed.
Delta endotoxin is a potent inhibitor of the (Na,K)-ATPase. (1986)

A 68-kDa protein, delta endotoxin, produced by Bacillus thuringiensis ssp. Kurstaki inhibits ion transport, (Na,K)-ATPase, and K+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity catalyzed by the Na+ pump. The Ki for inhibition of the K+-p-nitrophenylphosphatase activity of purified dog kidney (Na,K)-ATPase was approximately 0.37 microM. Delta endotoxin had a similar Ki for inhibition of (Na,K)-ATPase activity when assayed at low Na+ concentration (10 mM) but the inhibition was reversed when high concentrations of Na+ (100 mM NaCl) were added to the assay. Phosphorylation of the active site aspartyl residue with 32PO3-4 was also blocked by delta endotoxin. Ouabain-sensitive 86Rb+ uptake into intact human red blood cells was not inhibited by externally added toxin; however, strophanthidin-inhibitable 22Na+ uptake into inside-out vesicles from red blood cells was completely blocked by delta endotoxin (Ki = 0.73 microM). These data suggest that delta endotoxin must enter the cell before it can inhibit the Na+ pump.
Rapid bonding of Pyrex glass microchips (2007)

A newly developed vacuum hot press system has been specially designed for the thermal bonding of glass substrates in the fabrication process of Pyrex glass microchemical chips. This system includes a vacuum chamber equipped with a high-pressure piston cylinder and carbon plate heaters. A temperature of up to 900 degrees C and a force of as much as 9800 N could be applied to the substrates in a vacuum atmosphere. The Pyrex substrates bonded with this system under different temperatures, pressures, and heating times were evaluated by tensile strength tests, by measurements of thickness, and by observations of the cross-sectional shapes of the microchannels. The optimal bonding conditions of the Pyrex glass substrates were 570 degrees C for 10 min under 4.7 N/mm(2) of applied pressure. Whereas more than 16 h is required for thermal bonding with a conventional furnace, the new system could complete the whole bonding processes within just 79 min, including heating and cooling periods. Such improvements should considerably enhance the production rate of Pyrex glass microchemical chips. Whereas flat and dust-free surfaces are required for conventional thermal bonding, especially without long and repeated heating periods, our hot press system could press a fine dust into glass substrates so that even the areas around the dust were bonded. Using this capability, we were able to successfully integrate Pt/Ti thin film electrodes into a Pyrex glass microchip.
GPU-accelerated partially linear multiuser detection for 5G and beyond URLLC systems (2022)

In this feasibility study, we have implemented a recently proposed partially linear multiuser detection algorithm in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces (RKHSs) on a GPU-accelerated platform. Partially linear multiuser detection, which combines the robustness of linear detection with the power of nonlinear methods, has been proposed for a massive connectivity scenario with the non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA). This is a promising approach, but detecting payloads within a received orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) radio frame requires the execution of a large number of inner product operations, which are the main computational burden of the algorithm. Although inner-product operations consist of simple kernel evaluations, their vast number poses a challenge in ultra-low latency (ULL) applications, because the time needed for computing the inner products might exceed the sub-millisecond latency requirement. To address this problem, this study demonstrates the acceleration of the inner-product operations through massive parallelization. The result is a GPU-accelerated real-time OFDM receiver that enables sub-millisecond latency detection to meet the requirements of 5th generation (5G) and beyond ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC) systems. Moreover, the parallelization and acceleration techniques explored and demonstrated in this study can be extended to many other signal processing algorithms in Hilbert spaces, such as those based on projection onto convex sets (POCS) and adaptive projected subgradient method (APSM) algorithms. Experimental results and comparisons with the state-of-art confirm the effectiveness of our techniques.
Towards Efficient Collaborations with Trust-Seeking Adaptive Robots (2015)

We are interested in asymmetric human-robot teams, where a human supervisor occasionally takes over control to aid an autonomous robot in a given task. Our research aims to optimize team efficiency by improving the robot's task performance, decreasing the human's workload, and building trust in the team. We envision synergistic collaborations where the robot adapts its behaviors dynamically to optimize efficacy, reduce manual interventions, and actively seek for greater trust. We describe recent works that study two facets of this trust-seeking adaptive methodology: modeling human-robot trust dynamics, and developing interactive behavior adaptation techniques. We also highlight ongoing efforts to combine these works, which will enable future human-robot teams to be maximally trusting and efficient.
Retinal phototoxicity and the evaluation of the blue light hazard of a new solid-state lighting technology (2020)

Exposure Limit Values (ELV) for artificial lighting were defined in order to prevent light-induced damage to the retina. The evaluation of the lighting devices include the correction of their spectra by the B(λ) function or blue light hazard function, representing the relative spectral sensitivity of the human eye to the blue light. This weighting function peaks between 435 and 440 nm. In this study we evaluate a new generation of light emitting diode (LED), the GaN-on-GaN (gallium nitride on gallium nitride) LED, that present an emission peak in the purple part of the spectrum. Wistar rats were exposed to GaN-on-GaN and conventional diodes at different retinal doses (from 2.2 to 0.5 J/cm<sup>2</sup>). We show that GaN-on-GaN diodes are more toxic than conventional LED for the rat neural retina and the rat retinal pigment epithelium, indicating that the BLH (blue light hazard) weighting is not adapted to this type of diodes. One of the reasons of this increased toxicity is the effects of shorter wavelengths on mitochondria polarization. We also show that the threshold of phototoxic retinal dose in the rat (fixed at 11 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, BLH weighted) is overestimated, suggesting that the values used for regulations, calculated in primates using the same methods than in rats, should be revised.
Design of spreading sequences using a modified bridging method (2003)

The performance of a code division multiple access system depends on the correlation properties of the employed spreading code. An auto-correlation function with a distinct peak enables proper synchronization and suppresses intersymbol interference. Low cross-correlation values between spreading sequences are desired to suppress multiple access interference. However, these requirements contradict each other and a trade-off needs to be established. In this paper, a modified bridging method is proposed to minimize cross-correlation with auto-correlation being allowed to lie within a fixed region. This approach is applied to the design of complex spreading sequences.
Development of Tungsten Heavy Alloy with Hybrid Structure for Kinetic Energy Penetrator (2007)

A new tungsten heavy alloy with hybrid structure was manufactured for the kinetic energy penetrator. The tungsten heavy alloy is composed of two parts: core region is molybdenum added heavy alloy to promote the self-sharpening; outer part encompassing the core is conventional heavy alloy to sustain severe load in a muzzle during firing. The fracture surfaces of the specimen is observed after ballistic tests. The core region revealed brittle behavior with W/W inter-granular fracture which activates self-sharpening. On the other hand, outer part exhibited conventional ductile fracture mode. From ballistic test, it was found that the penetration performance of the hybrid structure tungsten heavy alloy is higher than that of conventional heavy alloy. This heavy alloy is thought to be very useful for the penetrator in the near future.
Abstract 507: The Glycome Is Functionally Remodeled Throughout The Developing Myocardium (2007)

Cell surfaces are replete with complex, biologically important glycan structures responsible for multiple cellular functions including cell adhesion and cellular communication. Proper protein glycosylation is essential for normal development and physiology with the effects of improper glycosylation being severe and even lethal. Gene products involved in glycan formation (glycosylation-associated genes) comprise 1–2% of the genome, resulting in a glycome of thousands of structures; possibly more extensive than the proteome. Using GeneChip microarray analyses, we provide evidence that glycosylation-associated gene expression is highly regulated throughout the developing myocardium. Nearly one-third of the glycosylation-associated genes were significantly differentially expressed in neonatal atria versus neonatal ventricles while 46.8% of these same genes were differentially expressed in neonate versus adult ventricles. Quantitative-PCR of individual genes confirmed the microarray analyses. Such gross glycosylation-associated gene expression remodeling likely modifies the complexity and size of glycosylation structures attached to cell surface proteins. To confirm this, glycan structures were determined and compared among myocyte types using mass spectrometry. The data indicated that the observed regulation in gene expression translated into a change in glycan structure. Further, we report that remodeled glycans are likely responsible for alterations in voltage-gated sodium channel activity and action potential waveforms, suggesting a physiological role for regulation of glycosylation-associated genes in the heart. Specifically, differences in sodium channel gating in neonatal atria versus neonatal ventricles were abolished by knocking out a single polysialyltransferase expressed only in neonatal atria. Atrial action potential duration and the rate of depolarization were altered in the absence of this polysialyltransferase, while ventricle action potential waveforms were unaffected. Together, these data indicate that the glycome is tightly controlled in the heart, and proper glycosylation is apparently essential for normal myocyte functions.
JTAG-based remote configuration of FPGAs over optical fibers (2015)

In this paper, a remote FPGA-configuration method based on JTAG extension over optical fibers is presented. The method takes advantage of commercial components and ready-to-use software such as iMPACT and does not require any hardware or software development. The method combines the advantages of the slow remote JTAG configuration and the fast local flash memory configuration. The method has been verified successfully and used in the Demonstrator of Liquid-Argon Trigger Digitization Board (LTDB) for the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeter Phase-I trigger upgrade. All components on the FPGA side are verified to meet the radiation tolerance requirements.
Reactive fragments targeting carboxylate residues employing direct to biology, high-throughput chemistry (2023)

The screening of covalent or 'reactive' fragment libraries against proteins is becoming an integral approach in hit identification, enabling the development of targeted covalent inhibitors and tools. To date, reactive fragment screening has been limited to targeting cysteine residues, thus restricting applicability across the proteome. Carboxylate residues present a unique opportunity to expand the accessible residues due to high proteome occurrence (∼12%). Herein, we present the development of a carboxylate-targeting reactive fragment screening platform utilising 2-aryl-5-carboxytetrazole (ACT) as the photoreactive functionality. The utility of ACT photoreactive fragments (ACT-PhABits) was evaluated by screening a 546-membered library with a small panel of purified proteins. Hits identified for BCL6 and KRAS<sup>G12D</sup> were characterised by LC-MS/MS studies, revealing the selectivity of the ACT group. Finally, a photosensitised approach to ACT activation was developed, obviating the need for high energy UV-B light.
Cover Picture: Tuning Cu/Cu2O Interfaces for the Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol in Aqueous Solutions (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47/2018) (2018)

Interfacial sites play critical roles in catalysis. However, the nature of the active interfacial sites for the photoelectroreduction of CO2 is not well understood. In their Communication on page 15415 ff., J. Gong and co-workers describe the deposition of metallic Cu nanoparticles on Cu2O films and their interactions, as well as the dependence of the CO2 reduction pathway on the Cu/Cu2O interface. The carefully designed Cu/Cu2O interfaces balance the binding strengths of the H* and CO* intermediates, which enables efficient methanol production. Interfacial sites play critical roles in catalysis. However, the nature of the active interfacial sites for the photoelectroreduction of CO2 is not well understood. In their Communication on page 15415 ff., J. Gong and co-workers describe the deposition of metallic Cu nanoparticles on Cu2O films and their interactions, as well as the dependence of the CO2 reduction pathway on the Cu/Cu2O interface. The carefully designed Cu/Cu2O interfaces balance the binding strengths of the H* and CO* intermediates, which enables efficient methanol production. MOF Membranes Water Splitting Analytical Methods