gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modelling the response to vaccine in non-human primates to define SARS-CoV-2 mechanistic correlates of protection (2022)

The definition of correlates of protection is critical for the development of next-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms. Here, we propose a model-based approach for identifying mechanistic correlates of protection based on mathematical modelling of viral dynamics and data mining of immunological markers. The application to three different studies in non-human primates evaluating SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on CD40-targeting, two-component spike nanoparticle and mRNA 1273 identifies and quantifies two main mechanisms that are a decrease of rate of cell infection and an increase in clearance of infected cells. Inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 appears to be a robust mechanistic correlate of protection across the three vaccine platforms although not capturing the whole biological vaccine effect. The model shows that RBD/ACE2 binding inhibition represents a strong mechanism of protection which required significant reduction in blocking potency to effectively compromise the control of viral replication.
A model-based study of the influence of vaso-active drugs on pulse delays measured from the electrocardiogram (2007)

The use of ECG-based pulse delays as a surrogate of the arterial blood pressure has long been questioned, especially when the subject is given vaso-active drugs altering the vascular resistance. When measured from the ECG, pulse delays include two components: the vascular pulse transit time and cardiac pre-ejection period (PEP). This paper analyses the relationships of both vascular and cardiac components with the blood pressure. As there is no known equation ruling PEP, a lumped model of arterial circulation is used to study the dependencies between blood pressure and PEP. When the peripheral resistance varies PEP shows a direct correlation with the blood pressure, opposite to the inverse pulse transit time dependency. Real-life signal examples from intensive care unit patients are presented and discussed.
Profound sensitivity of the liver to the direct effect of insulin allows peripheral insulin delivery to normalize hepatic but not muscle glucose uptake in the healthy dog (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Endogenous insulin secretion is a key regulator of postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism, but this process is dysregulated in diabetes. Subcutaneous insulin delivery alters normal insulin distribution, causing relative hepatic insulin deficiency and peripheral hyperinsulinemia, a major risk factor for metabolic disease. Our aim was to determine whether insulin’s direct effect on the liver is preeminent even when insulin is given into a peripheral vein. Postprandial-like conditions were created (hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, and a positive portal vein to arterial glucose gradient) in healthy dogs. Peripheral (leg vein) insulin infusion elevated arterial and hepatic levels 8 and 2.8-fold, respectively. In one group, insulin’s full effects were allowed. In another, insulin’s indirect hepatic effects were blocked with the infusion of triglyceride, glucagon, and inhibitors of brain insulin action (intracerebroventricular) to prevent decreases in plasma free fatty acids and glucagon, while blocking increased hypothalamic insulin signaling. Despite peripheral insulin delivery the liver retained its full ability to store glucose, even when insulin’s peripheral effects were blocked, whereas muscle glucose uptake markedly increased, creating an aberrant distribution of glucose disposal between liver and muscle. Thus, the healthy liver’s striking sensitivity to direct insulin action can overcome the effect of relative hepatic insulin deficiency, whereas excess insulin in the periphery produces metabolic abnormalities in non-hepatic tissues.&lt;/p&gt;
Colorimetric quantification of linking in thermoreversible nanocrystal gel assemblies (2022)

Nanocrystal gels can be responsive, tunable materials, but designing their structure and properties is challenging. By using reversibly bonded molecular linkers, gelation can be realized under conditions predicted by thermodynamics. However, simulations have offered the only microscopic insights, with no experimental means to monitor linking leading to gelation. We introduce a metal coordination linkage with a distinct optical signature allowing us to quantify linking in situ and establish structural and thermodynamic bases for assembly. Because of coupling between linked indium tin oxide nanocrystals, their infrared absorption shifts abruptly at a chemically tunable gelation temperature. We quantify bonding spectroscopically and use molecular simulation to understand temperature-dependent bonding motifs, revealing that gel formation is governed by reaching a critical number of effective links that extend the nanocrystal network. Microscopic insights from our colorimetric linking chemistry enable switchable gels based on thermodynamic principles, opening the door to rational design of programmable nanocrystal networks.
Rethinking of Optical Transport Network Design for 5G/6G Mobile Communication (2021)

Driven by the increasing use of emerging smart mobile applications, mobile technology is continuously and rapidly advancing towards the next generation communication systems such as 5G and 6G. However, the transport network, which needs to provide low latency and reliable connectivity between hundreds of thousands of cell sites and the network core, has not advanced at the same pace. This article provides insight into how we can solve the fundamental challenges of implementing cost-optimal transport and 5G and beyond mobile networks simultaneously while satisfying the network and user requirements irrespective of the radio access network's architecture.
Oral Iloprost Improves Endobronchial Dysplasia in Former Smokers (2011)

There are no established chemopreventive agents for lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Prostacyclin levels are low in lung cancer and supplementation prevents lung cancer in preclinical models. We carried out a multicenter double-blind, randomized, phase II placebo-controlled trial of oral iloprost in current or former smokers with sputum cytologic atypia or endobronchial dysplasia. Bronchoscopy was performed at study entry and after completion of six months of therapy. Within each subject, the results were calculated by using the average score of all biopsies (Avg), the worst biopsy score (Max), and the dysplasia index (DI). Change in Avg was the primary end point, evaluated in all subjects, as well as in current and former smokers. The accrual goal of 152 subjects was reached and 125 completed both bronchoscopies (60/75 iloprost, 65/77 placebo). Treatment groups were well matched for age, tobacco exposure, and baseline histology. Baseline histology was significantly worse for current smokers (Avg 3.0) than former smokers (Avg 2.1). When compared with placebo, former smokers receiving oral iloprost exhibited a significantly greater improvement in Avg (0.41 units better, P = 0.010), in Max (1.10 units better, P = 0.002), and in DI (12.45%, P = 0.006). No histologic improvement occurred in current smokers. Oral iloprost significantly improves endobronchial histology in former smokers and deserves further study to determine if it can prevent the development of lung cancer.
Effect of Linewidth Dispersion in Degenerate Four Wave Mixing and Kerr-Comb Generation (2019)

We report the numerical study of linewidth dispersion effect on the degenerate four-wave mixing and the corresponding Kerr comb generation. We show that for asymmetric linewidth difference around pumping wavelength, there is a threshold above which we see non-homogenous response corresponding to Turing roles inside the resonator in the generalized Lugiato-Lefever equation (LLE) including the linewidth dispersion.
Supplementary Data from Ras/Raf-1/MAPK Pathway Mediates Response to Tamoxifen but not Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients (2023)

Supplementary Data from Ras/Raf-1/MAPK Pathway Mediates Response to Tamoxifen but not Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer Patients
Synthesis of Cobalt Complex Using Pyrrole Derivative with Basic Ligand and Application to Cathodic Catalyst for Oxygen Reduction (2007)

A ligand compound with strong coordinating property, 2-(1H-pyrrole-3-yl) pyrazine (pz-Py), was synthesized to increase the density of active sites for oxygen reduction. The obtained compound was coordinated with cobalt (II) ions strongly. It was revealed that the metal complex could be used as a cathode catalyst in fuel cells. The potential for oxygen reduction was positive (Ep=0.27 V vs SCE) for the catalyst prepared by refluxing the corresponding compound, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, and the carbon particles. This activity was superior to CoPy/C which was synthesized by refluxing pyrrole, cobalt acetate tetrahydrate, and the carbon particles, and it was shown that nitrogen atoms of pyrazine type contribute accumulation of cobalt ions. The activity of the catalyst was improved after heat treatment under Ar gas. These results show the potential use of the present catalyst as a novel cathode catalyst in fuel cells.
Synthesis, complex formation, and dilute‐solution associative behavior of linear poly(methacrylic acid)‐graft‐poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline)* (2004)

Abstract Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) and poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEOZO) are a polyacid/polybase pair capable of forming reversible, pH‐responsive, hydrogen‐bonding complexes stabilized by hydrophobic effects in aqueous media. Linear PMA was modified with long‐chain (number‐average molecular weight: 10,000) PEOZO via statistical coupling reactions in organic media to prepare a series of PMA‐ graft ‐PEOZO copolymers. Potentiometric titrations revealed that the presence of tethered PEOZO markedly increases the p K a values for PMA‐ g ‐PEOZO copolymers as compared with simple PMA/PEOZO mixtures at degrees of ionization, α, between 0.0 and 0.1. The dilute‐solution PMA–PEOZO intramolecular association has been probed by monitoring the PEOZO NMR spin–spin ( T 2 ) relaxation as a function of pH. Covalently attached PEOZO side chains participate in complexation at higher values of α than untethered PEOZO. Surprisingly, most PEOZO side chains did not take part in hydrogen bonding at low α, and the highest level of PEOZO incorporation induced a decrease in the number of PMA/PEOZO hydrogen bonds. The polymer self‐diffusion as a function of α was measured with dynamic light scattering. At low pH, the copolymers had no charge and they were in a collapsed form. At high pH, the expected conformational expansion of the PMA units was enhanced at moderate levels of PEOZO incorporation. However, the highest PEOZO incorporation induced the onset of intramolecular associations between PEOZO units along the copolymer chains. Low shear rheometry and light scattering measurements were used in conjunction with the T 2 NMR measurements to propose a model consistent with the aforementioned behavior. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 42: 2520–2533, 2004
Effects of Chronic Therapy with Cardiac Contractility Modulation Electrical Signals on Cytoskeletal Proteins and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Dogs with Heart Failure (2007)

CCM therapy normalizes expression of key cytoskeletal proteins and MMPs and may partly explain the improvement in LV function seen in HF following CCM therapy.
Tissue bioreactor system for the creation and maturation of organized functional tissues for surgical reconstruction (2007)

Moon, Du Geon MD, PhD; Tillman, Bryan MD, PhD; Christ, George PhD; Stitzel, Joel PhD; Yoo, James MD, PhD; Atala, Anthony MD Author Information
High‐spin alignment in π‐conjugated Polyradicals: A Magnetic polymer (1995)

Extended dendritic, ladder, and cross‐linked polyradical frameworks empolying π‐conjugated backbones (e.g. see Fig.) show promise in the development of ferromagnetic polymers. Recent progress in this field is reviewed and the various classes of materials, for example polyacetylene‐, or polyphenylenevinylene‐based radicals, compared magnified image .
Evaluation eines neuen multikompositen Führungsdrahts zum Einsatz in der Magnetresonanz- und Angiografieumgebung (2010)

Zielsetzung: In-vivo Evaluation eines neuartigen multikompositen Führungsdrahts (MaRVis Technologies GmbH, Aachen, Deutschland), welcher sowohl auf Sichtbarkeit in der Magnetresonanz- (MR) als auch in der Angiografieumgebung (AX) optimiert wurde, im Schweinemodell.
Reducing interface recombination for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 by atomic layer deposited buffer layers (2015)

Partial CuInGaSe2 (CIGS) solar cell stacks with different atomic layer deposited buffer layers and pretreatments were analyzed by photoluminescence (PL) and capacitance voltage (CV) measurements to investigate the buffer layer/CIGS interface. Atomic layer deposited ZnS, ZnO, and SnOx buffer layers were compared with chemical bath deposited CdS buffer layers. Band bending, charge density, and interface state density were extracted from the CV measurement using an analysis technique new to CIGS. The surface recombination velocity calculated from the density of interface traps for a ZnS/CIGS stack shows a remarkably low value of 810 cm/s, approaching the range of single crystalline II–VI systems. Both the PL spectra and its lifetime depend on the buffer layer; thus, these measurements are not only sensitive to the absorber but also to the absorber/buffer layer system. Pretreatment of the CIGS prior to the buffer layer deposition plays a significant role on the electrical properties for the same buffer layer/CIGS stack, further illuminating the importance of good interface formation. Finally, ZnS is found to be the best performing buffer layer in this study, especially if the CIGS surface is pretreated with potassium cyanide.
A Case for Acoustic Wave Detectors for Soft-Errors (2015)

The continuing decrease in dimensions and operating voltage of transistors has increased their sensitivity against radiation phenomena, making soft errors an important challenge in future microprocessors. New techniques for detecting errors in the logic and memories that allow meeting the desired failure rate are key to keep harnessing the benefits of Moore's law. This paper proposes a low-cost dynamic particle strike detection mechanism based on acoustic wave detectors. Our results show that the proposed mechanism can protect the whole chip, including both the logic and the memory arrays, and detect all the soft errors caused by particle strikes with minimal hardware overhead and performance cost.
Recipient and Donor Outcomes After Living-Donor Liver Transplant for Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases (2022)

This study's findings of recurrence-free and overall survival rates suggest that select patients with unresectable, liver-confined CRLMs may benefit from total hepatectomy and LDLT.
Biodistribution and Ultrastructural Localization of Single-Walled Carbon Nanohorns Determined In Vivo with Embedded Gd2O3 Labels (2009)

Single-walled carbon nanohorns (SWNHs) are single-graphene tubules that have shown high potential for drug delivery systems. In drug delivery, it is essential to quantitatively determine biodistribution and ultrastructural localization. However, to date, these determinations have not been successfully achieved. In this report, we describe for the first time a method that can achieve these determinations. We embedded Gd(2)O(3) nanoparticles within SWNH aggregates (Gd(2)O(3)@SWNHag) to facilitate detection and quantification. Gd(2)O(3)@SWNHag was intravenously injected into mice, and the quantities of Gd in the internal organs were measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy: 70-80% of the total injected material accumulated in liver. The high electron scattering ability of Gd allows detection with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and facilitates the ultrastructural localization of individual Gd(2)O(3)@SWNHag with transmission electron microscopy. In the liver, we found that the Gd(2)O(3)@SWNHag was localized in Kupffer cells but were not observed in hepatocytes. In the Kupffer cells, most of the Gd(2)O(3)@SWNHag was detected inside phagosomes, but some were in another cytoplasmic compartment that was most likely the phagolysosome.
Comparative Studies with Kollicoat MAE 30 D and Kollicoat MAE 30 DP in Aqueous Spray Dispersions and Enteric Coatings on Highly Swellable Caffeine Cores (2000)

A film formulation containing Kollicoat MAE 30 D, Kollidon 30, Sicovit Rot 30, titanium dioxide, talc, and a plasticizer for the aqueous manufacture of enteric coatings was studied for the coagulations occurring with certain plasticizers and for differences in resistance on highly swellable caffeine cores. Also included in these investigations were the latices Kollicoat MAE 30 DP and Eudragit L 30 D-55. The coagulations occurring with all three film latices can be attributed to the presence of Kollidon 30 together with certain excipients. Preparations with Kollidon 30, but without color pigments, showed no tendency to coagulate. The advantage of propylene glycol (PG) compared to other plasticizers such as triethyl citrate (TEC) is that no coagulations occurred, even in the presence of Kollidon 30 and color pigments. Among the Kollidon 30-free film formulations examined, a plasticizer content of 10-15% PG or TEC gave the best results. Optimal pigment distribution in the coat originally produced by Kollidon 30 can optionally be achieved by prolonged stirring of the pigment suspension. The resistance can be further improved by inclusion of a subcoating with Kollidon VA 64. Kollicoat MAE 30 D and MAE 30 DP and Eudragit L 30 D-55 showed identical behavior in this study.
Exceptional Reduction of the Diffusion Constant in Partially Disordered Photonic Crystals (2008)

In real photonic crystals light is scattered by the imperfections of the periodic potential. We study experimentally the propagation of diffused light in silicon inverse opals and report an exceptionally reduced diffusion constant of 3.0+/-0.7 m(2)/s, in samples which are only partially disordered. Waves scattered both by the lattice planes and by their imperfections interfere and light is efficiently trapped in this hybrid scattering regime. Not only higher quality crystals, but also random materials present an order of magnitude bigger diffusion constant and hence weaker scattering.
Characterization of high‐energy phosphate compounds during reperfusion of the irreversibly injured myocardium using 31P MRS (1988)

Phosphorus-31 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to monitor regional changes in high-energy phosphorus compounds and intracellular pH during 60 min of acute regional ischemia (acute occlusion of left anterior descending artery) and reperfusion in open-chest cats using a 1.2-cm two-turn coil sutured to the myocardium. During the 60-min ischemic phase, phosphocreatine (PCr) intensity was reduced to 47 +/- 4.9% (mean +/- SE) of control (p less than 0.01) by 15 min postocclusion while adenosine triphosphate (ATP) intensity decreased more slowly with the decrease (66 +/- 5.6%) achieving significance (p less than 0.05) only at 60 min postocclusion. Inorganic phosphate (Pi) increased to a maximum of 397 +/- 42% of control (p less than 0.01) while the pH decreased progressively from 7.36 +/- 0.02 to 6.02 +/- 0.14 (p less than 0.01). After release of occlusion PCr intensity recovered to 86 +/- 12% of the initial control value at 15 min postreperfusion but showed a subsequent downward trend to 79 +/- 8.8%. The ATP did not recover but tended to decline further during reperfusion. The Pi intensity decreased to 260 +/- 38% of control while the pH increased to 7.01 +/- 0.23 by 15 min postreperfusion. Thus, the reperfused irreversibly injured myocardium is characterized by persistent depletion of PCr and ATP and elevation of Pi. Phosphorus-31 MRS provides a nondestructive method for characterizing the reperfused irreversibly damaged myocardium.
Relationships Between Plasminogen-Binding M-Protein and Surface Enolase for Human Plasminogen Acquisition and Activation in Streptococcus pyogenes (2022)

The proteolytic activity of human plasmin (hPm) is utilized by various cells to provide a surface protease that increases the potential of cells to migrate and disseminate. Skin-trophic Pattern D strains of <i>Streptococcus pyogenes</i> (GAS), e.g., GAS isolate AP53, contain a surface M-protein (PAM) that directly and strongly interacts (<i>K<sub>d</sub></i> ~ 1 nM) with human host plasminogen (hPg), after which it is activated to hPm by a specific coinherited bacterial activator, streptokinase (SK2b), or by host activators. Another ubiquitous class of hPg binding proteins on GAS cells includes "moonlighting" proteins, such as the glycolytic enzyme, enolase (Sen). However, the importance of Sen in hPg acquisition, especially when PAM is present, has not been fully developed. Sen forms a complex with hPg on different surfaces, but not in solution. Isogenic AP53 cells with a targeted deletion of PAM do not bind hPg, but the surface expression of Sen is also greatly diminished upon deletion of the PAM gene, thus confounding this approach for defining the role of Sen. However, cells with point deletions in PAM that negate hPg binding, but fully express PAM and Sen, show that hPg binds weakly to Sen on GAS cells. Despite this, Sen does not stimulate hPg activation by SK2b, but does stimulate tissue-type plasminogen activator-catalyzed activation of hPg. These data demonstrate that PAM plays the dominant role as a functional hPg receptor in GAS cells that also contain surface enolase.
Treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection. (1999)

The availability of clinic-based diagnostic tests means that screening for and the eradication of Helicobacter pylori can be done by primary care physicians. However, confusion still exists regarding indication and treatment regimens. It is universally accepted that patients with Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcer disease require eradication therapy. But the benefits of Helicobacter pylori eradication in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-related peptic ulceration, and non-ulcer dyspepsia remain unclear. There is no evidence that the elimination of Helicobacter pylori is beneficial for asymptomatic patients or in preventing gastric cancer. One-week triple therapy with a proton pump inhibitor or ranitidine bismuth citrate in combination with clarithromycin/metronidazole and amoxycillin is the recommended first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection. Problems with patient compliance and the development of antibiotic resistance are the two most important factors to consider when choosing the treatment regimen. The optimal retreatment therapy for treatment failure is still unknown, and quadruple therapy is best reserved for these cases.
MFI: a Case Study of Zeolite Synthesis (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.