gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automatic methods for characterization of sexual dimorphism of adult femora: distal femur (2007)

Quantifying sex differences in femoral size and shape has extensive applications in forensics and prosthesis design. By applying strong statistical techniques such as principal component analysis (PCA), certain three-dimensional (3D) morphological variations of adult femora can be quantified over various femoral sizes. Coupling this statistical approach with a novel feature generation and extraction technique, localization of statistically significant (p<0.05) features are automatically defined and measured. Also, predefined anatomical landmarks and surgical axes have been calculated automatically. In all methods, femoral scale is controlled as a possible parameter of shape. By extensively comparing measurements across 92 male and 74 female femora, the dimorphic characteristics of the distal femur are shown. These differences have not been accounted for in many prosthetic systems and consequently these systems have limited sizing accuracy.
Reductive Coupling of Aromatic Aldehydes Promoted by an Aqueous TiCl3/tBuOOH System in Alcoholic Cosolvents. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
HAMR Performance and Integration Challenges (2014)

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a fast evolving technology, and has been established as the next enabler of higher areal density in magnetic recording. After achieving high areal density capability, HAMR drive integration was recently demonstrated. In this paper, we discuss some of the recent learning from component performance and drive integration. We identify a key challenge in HAMR integration: erasure due to thermal background heating. The background heating was introduced to improve near-field transducer reliability and reduce laser power requirement. We present experimental and modeling data on the impact of thermal background, both in the cross-track (adjacent-track erasure) and down-track (self-erasure) dimensions.
Songverse: A Music-Loop Authoring Tool Based on Virtual Reality (2019)

Digital Musical Instruments (DMIs) can be defined as hardware-software solutions that are interactive and crafted to output sound according to users' input. DMIs are well known to unleash users' creativity but also to allow different and innovative experiences for the creation process, for example smoothing the learning curve towards musical concepts such as rhythm and composition. On the other hand, Virtual Reality (VR) allows users to explore spatial interfaces in a natural and limitless way, which shows potential synergy towards the rise of new DMIs. In this paper, we introduce Songverse, an immersive DMI placed in a Virtual Reality scenario that allows users to create music by interacting with an environment designed to resemble the outer space. By adding systems, planets, and satellites to the virtual environment the user is able to shape the produced sound through interactions that were extensively tested during the development phase. We then evaluated the instrument with musicians and non-musicians by interviewing and applying the System Usability Scale (SUS) to assess the easiness for people to create music using Songverse. As results, users reported the use of the DMI as intuitive and easy to use, also highlighting the produced song as enjoyable.
On-Line Data-Based Load Classification in Narrow-Track Vehicles (2018)

In automotive applications, the knowledge of the vehicle load is a crucial factor that can bring significant improvement on safety and performance, e.g. in ABS or semiactive suspensions control. In narrow-track vehicles, this aspect is even more important, considering that the mass variation - w.r.t to the vehicle one - is higher than in standard vehicles. The objective of this work is to present an on-line data-based mass classifier based on inertial sensors only. The effectiveness of the approach is assessed on experimental data taken from a real vehicle.
Laser Vaporization Methods for the Synthesis of Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticles; Graphene, Doped Graphene and Nanoparticles Supported on Graphene (2013)

The major objective of the research described in this dissertation is the development of new laser vaporization methods for the synthesis of metal and semiconductor nanoparticles, graphene, B- and N-doped graphene, and metal and semiconductor nanoparticles supported on graphene. These methods include the Laser Vaporization Controlled Condensation (LVCC) approach, which has been used in this work for the synthesis of: (1) gold nanoparticles supported on ceria and zirconia nanoparticles for the low temperature oxidation of carbon monoxide, and (2) graphene, boron- and nitrogen-doped graphene, hydrogen-terminated graphene (HTG), metal nanoparticles supported on graphene, and graphene quantum dots. The gold nanoparticles supported on ceria prepared by the LVCC method exhibit high activity for CO oxidation with a 100% conversion of CO to CO2 at about 60 °C. The first application of the LVCC method for the synthesis of these graphene and graphene-based nanomaterials is reported in this dissertation. Complete characterizations of the graphene-based nanomaterials using a variety of techniques including spectroscopic, X-ray diffraction, mass spectrometric and microscopic methods such as Raman, FTIR, UV-Vis, PL, XRD, XPS, TOF-MS, and TEM. The application of B- and N-doped graphene as catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cell applications is reported. The application of Pd nanoparticles supported on graphene for the Suzuki carbon-carbon cross-coupling reaction is reported. A new method is described for the synthesis of graphene quantum dots based on the combination of the LVCC method with oxidation/reduction sequences in solution. The N-doped graphene quantum dots emit strong blue luminescence, which can be tuned to produce different emission colors that could be used in biomedical imagining and other optoelectronic applications. The second method used in the research described in this dissertation is based on the Laser Vaporization Solvent Capturing (LVSC) approach, which has been introduced and developed, for the first time, for the synthesis of solvent-capped semiconductor and metal oxide nanoparticles. The method has been demonstrated for the synthesis of V, Mo, and W oxide nanoparticles capped by different solvent molecules such as acetonitrile and methanol. The LVSC method has also been applied for the synthesis of Si nanocrystals capped by acetonitrile clusters. The acetonitrile-capped Si nanocrystals exhibit strong emissions, which depend on the excitation wavelength and indicate the presence of Si quantum dots with different sizes. The Si and the metal oxide nanoparticles prepared by the LVSC method have been incorporated into graphene in order to synthesize graphene nanosheets with tunable properties depending on graphene-nanoparticle interactions.
Real-time phase shift interference microscopy (2014)

A real-time phase shift interference microscopy system is presented using a polarization-based Linnik interferometer operating with three synchronized, phase-masked, parallel detectors. Using this method, several important applications that require high speed and accuracy, such as dynamic focusing control, tilt measurement, submicrometer roughness measurement, and 3D profiling of fine structures, are demonstrated in 50 volumes per second and with 2 nm height repeatability.
Some aspects of radical chemistry in the assembly of complex molecular architectures (2013)

This review article describes briefly some of the radical processes developed in the authors' laboratory as they pertain to the concise assembly of complex molecular scaffolds. The emphasis is placed on the use of nitrogen-centred radicals, on the degenerate addition-transfer of xanthates, especially on its potential for intermolecular carbon-carbon bond formation, and on the generation and capture of radicals through electron transfer processes.
Use of a dense plasma focus as an X-ray irradiation facility (1990)

Summary form only given, as follows. Preliminary experiments on the Dense Plasma Focus of the University of Illinois have demonstrated its potential use as an X-ray irradiation facility. The device was operated at 23 kV and 10 kJ using neon-seeded hydrogen as fill gas. Samples of quartz were irradiated with 20 or 40 consecutive pulses with and without a 1-kG axial magnetic field intended to lengthen the confinement time and to make the X-ray intensity more repeatable from shot to shot. Transmission spectra in the visible range were compared in each case with the spectrum for a virgin sample, and the increase of the irradiation intensity due to the magnetic field was demonstrated. The total dose was measured with TLDs, X-ray spectra of neon were obtained with an elliptical spectrometer
Orientation variance discrimination in amblyopia (2007)

Our previous results showed that while amblyopes can efficiently integrate visual signals, they are poor at segregating signals in noise. This could be either because integration detectors have broader bandwidths or because of a selective extrastriate segregation anomaly. One consequence of the former would be poorer variance discrimination. Using a two-alternative forced-choice paradigm, observers were asked to judge the orientational variance for arrays of 16 Gabors. All observers, be they normal or amblyopic, could perform the task similarly, although at high spatial frequencies, amblyopic eyes needed slightly more incremental variance than the normal eyes. We conclude that normals and amblyopes integrate signals in a similar way.
Plastics Testing and Characterization (2008)

You have accessPlastics Testing and CharacterizationMar 2008Plastics Testing and CharacterizationAlberto Naranjo, María del Pilar Noriega E., Tim A. Osswald, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate and Juan Diego SierraAlberto Naranjo, María del Pilar Noriega E., Tim A. Osswald, Alejandro Roldán-Alzate and Juan Diego Sierrahttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446418530.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF ShareFacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2008Pages: i-xiPrint ISBN: 978-3-446-41315-3eISBN: 978-3-446-41853-0 Copyright & Permissions© 2008 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Schichtarbeit und Schlaf (2019)

Shift Work and Sleep Abstract. Shift work and night work are necessary in our society today. In Europe, on average about 20 % of the working population work shifts; in Switzerland it is slightly lower at 14.7 %. The proportion of the working population who regularly work night shifts is much lower: 7 % of the working population in Europe and 5 % in Switzerland. The changed daily routine in night work and shift work leads to disturbances in our biological rhythms, which adapt only slowly to the new conditions. This often leads to a lack of sleep, poor sleep quality, reduced recovery and increased strain on the body. Moreover, the unusual working rhythms are not compatible with normal family and social life. It is important that as little shift and night work as possible is performed. Those affected and their environment should be aware of the disadvantages of shift and night work in particular and know how best to adapt to the specific work situation. There is much to suggest that lack of sleep and poor sleep quality are responsible for a large proportion of the negative effects of shift work. It is therefore important to ask specific questions in this area and offer concrete support to shift workers in this regard. This overview of shift work and sleep is based on literature and our many years of practical experience with shift work counselling and training in Switzerland.
Lamotrigine for treatment of pain associated with diabetic neuropathy: Results of two randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (2006)

To assess the efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine in pain associated with diabetic neuropathy, two replicate randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies were conducted. Patients (n=360 per study) with painful diabetic neuropathy were randomized to receive lamotrigine 200, 300, or 400 mg daily or placebo during the 19-week treatment phase, including a 7-week dose-escalation phase and a 12-week, fixed-dose maintenance phase. The mean reduction in pain-intensity score from baseline to week 19 (primary endpoint) was greater (p < or = 0.05) in patients receiving lamotrigine 400 mg than placebo in Study 2 (observed scores, -2.7 versus -1.6 on a 0- to 10-point scale). This finding was not replicated in Study 1. Lamotrigine 200 and 300 mg did not significantly differ from placebo at week 19 in either study. Lamotrigine 300 and 400 mg were only occasionally more effective than placebo for secondary efficacy endpoints. The 200-mg dose did not separate from placebo. In a post hoc analysis of pooled data including only patients who reached their target dose, lamotrigine 400 mg conferred greater (p0.05) mean reduction in pain-intensity score from baseline to week 19 than placebo (-2.5 for 300 mg and -2.7 for 400mg versus -2.0 for placebo). Adverse events were reported in 71-82% of lamotrigine-treated patients compared with 63-70% of placebo-treated patients. The most common adverse events with lamotrigine were headache and rash. Compared with placebo, lamotrigine (300 and 400 mg daily) was inconsistently effective for pain associated with diabetic neuropathy but was generally safe and well tolerated.
Inhibiting Oxidative Phosphorylation In Vivo Restrains Th17 Effector Responses and Ameliorates Murine Colitis (2017)

Integration of signaling and metabolic pathways enables and sustains lymphocyte function. Whereas metabolic changes occurring during T cell activation are well characterized, the metabolic demands of differentiated T lymphocytes are largely unexplored. In this study, we defined the bioenergetics of Th17 effector cells generated in vivo. These cells depend on oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) for energy and cytokine production. Mechanistically, the essential role of OXPHOS in Th17 cells results from their limited capacity to increase glycolysis in response to metabolic stresses. This metabolic program is observed in mouse and human Th17 cells, including those isolated from Crohn disease patients, and it is linked to disease, as inhibiting OXPHOS reduces the severity of murine colitis and psoriasis. These studies highlight the importance of analyzing metabolism in effector lymphocytes within in vivo inflammatory contexts and suggest a therapeutic role for manipulating OXPHOS in Th17-driven diseases.
Photonic Funnels: Subdiffraction Limited Photonic Funneling of Light (Advanced Optical Materials 24/2020) (2020)

Efficient optical coupling between deep subwavelength and diffraction limited domains can open numerous applications in microscopy, spectroscopy, communications, and sensing. In article number 2001321, Viktor Podolskiy, Daniel Wasserman and co-workers experimentally demonstrate and numerically investigate photonic funnels, a platform that enables such coupling. The funnels comprise hyperbolic metamaterial cores that support propagation of strongly confined modes and highly conductive cladding that prevents leakage of light through the structure's ides. The funnels are realized in the important mid-infrared frequency range with a semiconductor-based designer metal platform.
Crystal Structure and Biological Implications of a Bacterial Albumin Binding Module in Complex with Human Serum Albumin (2004)

Many bactericide species express surface proteins that interact with human serum albumin (HSA). Protein PAB from the anaerobic bacterium Finegoldia magna (formerly Peptostreptococcus magnus) represents one of these proteins. Protein PAB contains a domain of 53 amino acid residues known as the GA module. GA homologs are also found in protein G of group C and G streptococci. Here we report the crystal structure of HSA in complex with the GA module of protein PAB. The model of the complex was refined to a resolution of 2.7 A and reveals a novel binding epitope located in domain II of the albumin molecule. The GA module is composed of a left-handed three-helix bundle, and residues from the second helix and the loops surrounding it were found to be involved in HSA binding. Furthermore, the presence of HSA-bound fatty acids seems to influence HSA-GA complex formation. F. magna has a much more restricted host specificity compared with C and G streptococci, which is also reflected in the binding of different animal albumins by proteins PAB and G. The structure of the HSA-GA complex offers a molecular explanation to this unusually clear example of bacterial adaptation.
Adsorption of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons on Pd(111) and Pt(111): A DFT Study (2003)

The adsorption of unsaturated hydrocarbons on metallic surfaces is of fundamental and applied interest, in view of its implications as a model system for catalysis in the refining industry. In particular, the relation between the type of hydrocarbon and its adsorption strength on metallic surfaces remains an open question. Thus, we propose a comparative DFT study of the adsorption of several relevant hydrocarbons on the catalytically relevant Pd(111) and Pt(111) surfaces. The key adsorption features (structural, electronic, energetic, and spectroscopic) are analyzed in a consistent way for two olefins (ethylene, 1-butene), one aromatic (benzene), one alkyne (acetylene), and one diolefin (1,3-butadiene). Whereas ethylene and 1-butene are adsorbed in a di-σ mode, the flat adsorption of benzene takes place in a bridge position. For acetylene, the adsorption occurs in a 3-fold hollow site, whereas 1,3-butadiene adsorbs in a tetra-σ configuration whatever the coverage. In the latter case, a vibrational analysis of the adsorption modes is proposed and compared to available HREELS data. A thermodynamic model, giving the variation of the Gibbs free energy of adsorption, enables a ranking of the relative stability of the adsorbates as a function of pressure and temperature. Finally, we suggest that the more selective hydrogenation of diolefins observed for Pd may be attributed to the lower adsorption strength of 1-butene on Pd, preventing its further hydrogenation into butane.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EXAMINATION OF THE EXTENT OF DIASTEREOFACIAL SELECTION IN THE REACTIONS OF A CHIRAL NITRILE OXIDE WITH ACHIRAL ALKENES: A ROUTE TO β‐HYDROXY CARBOXYLIC ACIDS (1984)

Abstract Der Aldehyd (I) liefert über (II) das chirale Nitriloxid (III), das mit Alkenen (IV) über (V) zu den optisch aktiven β‐Hydroxycarbonsäureestern (VI) reagiert.
Power Converter with Parallel connected IGBTs for Ultra-High-Speed Elevators (2016)

As buildings become taller, faster elevators are needed, and ultra-high-speed elevators need large-capacity power converters. We developed a converter circuit using four parallel-connected IGBTs. This paper explains the technique of balancing the current sharing of the four parallel-connected IGBTs. Especially, this paper reports the bus-bar assembly that reduces the imbalance of inductance between parallel-connected IGBTs. Furthermore, this paper reports the development of a common gate drive circuit and gate-wiring implementation. This balancing technique reduced the current unbalance caused by the assembly by 5%.
Improvement of Biomass Yield and Recombinant Gene Expression in Escherichia coli by Using Fructose as the Primary Carbon Source (1999)

The feasibility of substituting glucose with fructose as a carbon source in Escherichia coli fermentations was investigated. Glucose, the most commonly used sugar in bacterial cultivations, is well-known to pose a number of drawbacks; the most important of which is the Crabtree effect, which results in acidogenesis. Fructose, a glucose structural isomer, offers a reasonable alternative for glucose, since its uptake and utilization are more tightly regulated. Comparative fermentation studies indicate that lower acetate excretion and higher biomass yields were attained in fructose-supplemented growth media compared with those of glucose media. More specifically, cells grown in defined media supplemented with fructose do not excrete detectable amounts of acetate, while about 40 mM of acetate was detected extracellularly in similar glucose cultures. A reduction in the initial growth rate of about 20% was observed with fructose, but final cell densities were about 70% higher compared with glucose supplements. Growth in complex LB media supplemented with fructose again resulted in higher biomass yields (up to 40%) and lower acetate excretion (30-40%) than the comparable glucose media. In bioreactor studies using LB media, acetate levels were reduced from 90 to less than 6 mM, while achieving a 25% improvement in biomass yield. When using richer media, cell densities of more than 40 g L-1 dry cell weight were attained in batch cultivation using fructose compared with 30 g L-1 for glucose. These results have immense applicability in the area of recombinant protein processes. Recombinant E. coli, overexpressing beta-galactosidase under the control of the strong pH-inducible promoter, achieved a volumetric recombinant protein yield of 2.2 million U mL-1 (corresponding to approximately 1.5 g L-1) in batch fructose cultures. This represents a 65% recombinant protein yield enhancement when compared to similar glucose cultivations.
Quantitative Determination of the Regioselectivity of Nucleophilic Addition to η3-Propargyl Rhenium Complexes and Direct Observation of an Equilibrium between η3-Propargyl Rhenium Complexes and Rhenacyclobutenes (2008)

PMe(3) adds selectively to the central carbon of the η(3)- propargyl complex [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(η(3)-CH(2)C≡CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (1-t-Bu) to form the metallacyclobutene [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(CH(2)C(PMe(3))=CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (7). The rate of rearrangement of the metallacyclobutene 7 to η(2)-alkyne complex [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(η(2)-Me(3)PCH(2)C≡CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (8) is is independent of phosphine concentration, consistent with a dissociative mechanism proceeding via η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu. The rate of this rearrangement is 480 times slower than the rate of exchange of PMe(3) with the labeled metallacyclobutene 7-d(9). This rate ratio provides an indirect measurement of the regioselectivity for addition of PMe(3) to the central carbon of η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu to give 7 compared to addition to a terminal carbon to give 8. The addition of PPh(3) to 1-t-Bu gives the metallacyclobutene [C(5)Me(5)(CO)(2)Re(CH(2)C(PPh(3))=CCMe(3))][BF(4)] (11). Low temperature (1)H NMR spectra provide evidence for an equilibrium between metallacyclobutene 11 and η(3)-propargyl complex 1-t-Bu (K(eq) ≈ 44 M(-1) at -46 °C and ΔG° (0 °C) = -1.2 ± 0.2 kcal mol(-1)).