gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Application of the Mobile Transient Internet Architecture to IP Mobility and Inter-Operability (2006)

We introduce an application of a mobile transient network architecture on top of the current Internet. This paper is an application extension to a conceptual mobile network architecture. It attempts to specifically reinforce some of the powerful notions exposed by the architecture from an application perspective. Of these notions, we explore the network expansion layer, an overlay of components and services, that enables a persistent identification network and other required services. The overlay abstraction introduces several benefits of which mobility and communication across heterogenous network structures are of interest to this paper. We present implementations of several components and protocols including gateways, Agents and the Open Device Access Protocol. Our present identification network implementation exploits the current implementation of the Handle System through the use of distributed, global and persistent identifiers called handles. Handles are used to identify and locate devices and services abstracting any physical location or network association from the communicating ends. A communication framework is finally demonstrated that would allow for mobile devices on the public Internet to have persistent identifiers and thus be persistently accessible either directly or indirectly. This application expands IP inter-operability beyond its current boundaries.
Treatment of low‐concentration hydrogen by use of proton exchange membrane (2011)

Abstract The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) cannot react 100% of fuel, because the cell potential becomes zero if all of the fuel is consumed in the PEMFC. Therefore, a small amount of fuel is always released from the PEMFC. The exhausted H 2 should be treated for safety. The V Cell – i ave characteristics were measured while varying the hydrogen concentration from 99.99% to 1%. In addition the V Cell of the constant voltage control was selected with reference to the measured V Cell – I ave characteristics. It was found that low‐concentration hydrogen could be treated at V Cell = 0.15 to 0.3 V by the hydrogen pump and at V Cell = 0.4 to 0.6 V by PEMFC. The exhaust hydrogen concentration was reduced to several tens of ppm. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn, 94(3): 51–59, 2011; Published online in Wiley Online Library ( wileyonlinelibrary.com ). DOI 10.1002/ecj.10292
AMPLIO VQA - A Web Based Visual Query Analysis System for Micro Grid Energy Mix Planning (2012)

Micro grid technology brings the opportunity to integrate renewable energies with a traditional energy mix on a regional level and to achieve specific local goals. To obtain an optimal energy mix plan, different scenarios need to be simulated and analyzed. However, effective tools for analyzing such simulation results are lacking. Here we present an interactive visual query analysis tool designed for that purpose. The tool integrates effective visualization techniques and advanced pattern detection methods.
THE STRONG CORRELATION OF CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE-SPECIFIC SERINE PROTEASE GENE TRANSCRIPTS WITH RENAL ALLOGRAFT REJECTION1,2 (1992)

Several immune mechanisms are likely to be responsible for renal allograft rejection. The relative importance of delayed-type hypersensitivity versus cytotoxic T lymphocytes is controversial. We analyzed human renal allografts biopsies for intragraft expression of IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF alpha genes--putative mediators of DTH--as well as IL-2, IL-2 receptor (R) beta, and a CTL-specific serine protease gene. Total RNA was extracted from tissue samples and the mRNA fraction was converted to cDNA using oligo dT and reverse transcriptase. Then cDNA was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for 35 cycles using specific oligonucleotide primers. Each PCR analysis included beta-actin oligonucleotide primers to coamplify this constitutively expressed gene as an internal control. A total of 24 core allograft biopsies were studied and classified into a 3 histological categories: acute cellular rejection, equivocal components of rejection, and no evidence of rejection. There was no statistically significant difference in beta-actin expression among these histologic categories (P greater than 0.08). Interestingly, in this sample size, no significant difference was found between rejecting and nonrejecting samples for transcripts of any of the cytokines or IL-2R beta mRNAs. Apparently, DTH-like mechanisms are present in all allografts. However, detection of CTL-specific serine protease gene expression was almost exclusive to rejecting samples (P less than 0.003). These findings suggest that activation of CTLs play an active, but hardly exclusive, role as effectors of graft dysfunction in the rejection process. While this study does not define the relative importance of the genes examined, it does suggest that evidence of CTL-specific serine protease expression may provide a means of monitoring for rejection episodes or as a diagnostic aid when conventional diagnostic criteria are not conclusive.
Scale‐up and operation of a pilot‐scale ammonia fiber expansion reactor (2019)

Pretreatment and densification of agricultural residues at regional depots can simplify feedstock supply logistics for the production of biofuels in commercial biorefineries. We have previously reported the performance of a laboratory-scale (5 L) packed-bed ammonia fiber expansion (AFEX) reactor system, which showed significant promise for biomass pretreatment at distributed depots. In this paper, we describe the performance of a 90-fold larger pilot-scale packed-bed AFEX-reactor system, used to produce over 1,500 batches (~36 tons) of pretreated crop residues over a 5-year period. Virtually all unreacted ammonia was successfully removed from the biomass, and 76% of the ammonia was recycled and reused. Pretreatment performance at pilot scale was comparable to laboratory-scale, averaging 74% glucose and 75% xylose yield in a standard test compared with 71% and 73%, respectively. Other operating and maintenance aspects are also discussed.
Supplementary Data Summary from Syntaphilin Ubiquitination Regulates Mitochondrial Dynamics and Tumor Cell Movements (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Contents of Supplementary Figures ans Table&lt;/p&gt;
Hepatic Vein and Retrohepatic Vena Caval Injuries in Children (1991)

Major hepatic vein and retrohepatic vena caval injuries are often fatal because of massive uncontrollable hemorrhage. Children with these injuries can be identified by their unique and dramatic clinical presentation and the selective use of computed tomographic imaging. Volume resuscitation promotes abdominal wall tamponade and hemodynamic stability until the abdomen is opened, at which point there may be sudden exsanguination before vascular control can be obtained. An alternative approach is to open the sternum before opening the abdomen. Management in this sequence provides rapid vascular control and improves the efficiency of hepatic exclusion. To date, five children with major hepatic vascular injuries have been treated with the sternotomy-first approach and four have survived; an atriocaval shunt was used on two occasions. Although sternotomy before laparotomy improves the efficiency of hepatic exclusion and may offer improved survival, accurate preoperative case selection limits its routine use.
Evaluation of advanced automotive electrical system architectures using MAESTrO (2002)

The capabilities of the present 12-V point-to-point electrical system architecture are being changed by the electrical load and fuel efficiency requirements of the next-generation of automobiles. Furthermore, with the advent of electric and hybrid vehicles, there is a greater next to develop low-cost architectures which reduce the weight, increase the efficiency and improve the reliability of the electrical system. Although a large number of alternative architectures have previously been suggested, they have not been evaluated rigorously. Hence, it is not clear what concept or combination of concepts will allow the system to meet its performance objectives at minimum cost. This paper uses the software tool MAESTrO to design advanced electrical system architectures and identify those that have superior performance and are economically competitive.
Incidence of Bacteremia after Burn Wound Manipulation in the Early Postburn Period (1997)

Current therapy is associated with a lesser incidence of burn wound manipulation-induced bacteremia than reported in prior series. The discordance between wound biopsy and BC results, the absence of positive histology, and the similarity of bacteremia occurrence rates with WC and WE confirm the effectiveness of current techniques of microbial control in burn wounds and question the need for perioperative antibiotic therapy in patients with burns involving less than 40% of the total body surface during the first 10 postburn days.
Cloaking of Slot Antennas at C-Band Frequencies Using Elliptical Metasurface Cloaks (2022)

In this letter, we endeavor to curb the adverse effects of mutual coupling between two-slot antennas (operating at C-band frequencies), situated at a subwavelength separation. The effects of mutual coupling become extremely apparent at such close proximity and leads to the deterioration of the radiation aspects of each antenna. To mitigate these detrimental effects, we exploit the concept of mantle cloaking for the design of specialized cloaks, consisting of elliptical dielectric regions integrated with capacitive metallic strips. It is demonstrated through simulation results that by enclosing each radiating edge of the individual slots with these uniquely designed metasurfaces, the slot antennas are decoupled in the near field. Moreover, the metasurface cloaks also facilitate restoration of the far field radiation properties of the slots. In this regard, our cloak design ensures that the slot antennas do not sense the presence of each other, enabling each slot antenna to operate individually, as if they were isolated.
Formation of Alkanethiolate Self-Assembled Monolayers at Halide-Terminated Ge Surfaces (2009)

We have studied Ge halide passivation and formation of 1-octadecanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at Cl- and Br-terminated Ge(100) and Ge(111) surfaces. The results of water contact angle measurements, ellipsometry, transmission infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy show that good quality 1-alkanethiolate SAMs can be achieved at both Cl- and Br-terminated surfaces via direct Ge-S bonds. The quality of the SAMs depends on the concentration and the solvent of the 1-alkanethiol solution. Moreover, SAMs formed at Ge(100) surfaces have higher water contact angles, thicknesses, and ambient stability than those formed at Ge(111) surfaces. Surface passivation and light are found to play an important role in the packing and stability of the SAMs. Furthermore, well-packed SAMs can be retrieved by repassivation after degradation due to ambient exposure. This work presents novel routes for Ge surface passivation.
High Temperature Superconductor multichip modules (1991)

Issued as Monthly status reports [nos. 1-28], Quarterly status reports [nos. 1-7], and Report, Project E-19-677
Mitochondria-associated membranes as hubs for neurodegeneration (2016)

There is a growing appreciation that membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells communicate directly with one another through direct membrane contact sites. Mitochondria-associated membranes are specialized subdomains of the endoplasmic reticulum that function as membrane contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. These sites have emerged as major players in lipid metabolism and calcium signaling. More recently also autophagy and mitochondrial dynamics have been found to be regulated at ER-mitochondria contact sites. Neurons critically depend on mitochondria-associated membranes as a means to exchange metabolites and signaling molecules between these organelles. This is underscored by the fact that genes affecting mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum homeostasis are clearly overrepresented in several hereditary neurodegenerative disorders. Conversely, the processes affected by the contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria are widely implicated in neurodegeneration. This review will focus on the most recent data addressing the structural composition and function of the mitochondria-associated membranes. In addition, the 3D morphology of the contact sites as observed using volume electron microscopy is discussed. Finally, it will highlight the role of several key proteins associated with these contact sites that are involved not only in dementias, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson's disease, but also in axonopathies such as hereditary spastic paraplegia and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.
High-Splitting-Ratio PON Systems Using a PLC-Based Funnel-Shaped Waveguide With Dual-Mode Fiber [Invited] (2014)

This paper increases the splitting ratio of 10&#xA0;Gb/s-class passive optical network (PON) systems by using a novel low-loss optical splitter based on single-mode (SM) to multimode (MM) coupling. It consists of a planar lightwave circuit (PLC)-based funnel-shaped waveguide (FW) and a dual-mode fiber (DMF) that supports both SM and MM propagation through its dual core configuration. While conventional low-loss splitters based on a similar principle, called mode couplers or mode combiners (MCs), pass through only upstream signals, the proposed FW-DMF acts as a low-loss splitter for upstream and a conventional splitter for downstream despite its simple configuration. Compared to conventional MCs, it greatly reduces the number of optical components required for an optical line terminal. Considering the more efficient use of existing infrastructures, we develop two types of FW-DMFs with branching ratios of 4 and 16. Bit error rate measurements assuming 10 G-EPON systems show the ability of our prototypes to realize 128-split 10&#xA0;Gb/s-class PON systems.
Potassium‐Based α‐Manganese Dioxide Nanofiber Binder‐Free Self‐Supporting Electrodes: A Design Strategy for High Energy Density Batteries (2016)

Abstract This work minimizes the passive components of electrodes and moves toward bridging the gap between actual and theoretical battery gravimetric energy density. Binder‐free self‐supporting (BFSS) cathodes were prepared from redox‐active, high aspect ratio, potassium α‐MnO 2 nanofibers (K‐OMS‐2) by eliminating the binder and current collector. The electroactive and structural element, K‐OMS‐2, was prepared by using a scalable, moderate temperature, aqueous synthesis. The BFFS electrode approach allows fabrication of thick, high energy density electrodes with low impedance, with up to 10‐fold improvement in delivered specific energy relative to conventional cathodes. This could enable the design of high‐capacity large form factor cells, as required for applications demanding high energy content. In principle, this approach suggests a widely applicable paradigm for the construction of other BFFS electrodes through the targeted synthesis of other transition‐metal oxides with high aspect, fibrous morphologies.
Accurate Development of Thermal Neutron Scattering Cross Section Libraries (2014)

The objective of this project is to develop a holistic (fundamental and accurate) approach for generating thermal neutron scattering cross section libraries for a collection of important enutron moderators and reflectors. The primary components of this approach are the physcial accuracy and completeness of the generated data libraries. Consequently, for the first time, thermal neutron scattering cross section data libraries will be generated that are based on accurate theoretical models, that are carefully benchmarked against experimental and computational data, and that contain complete covariance information that can be used in propagating the data uncertainties through the various components of the nuclear design and execution process. To achieve this objective, computational and experimental investigations will be performed on a carefully selected subset of materials that play a key role in all stages of the nuclear fuel cycle.
Aggregation of ligand‐modified liposomes by specific interactions with proteins. II: Biotinylated liposomes and antibiotin antibody (1996)

The aggregation of biotinylated phospholipid vesicles (liposomes) cross-linked by antibiotin IgG was studied experimentally and theoretically. The liposomes were either low density liposomes that contained 0.4 mol% biotinylated phospholipid (≈100 exposed biotin molecules per liposome), or high density liposomes that contained 2.7 mol% biotinylated phospholipid (≈1000 exposed biotin molecules per liposome). The solution turbidity and mean particle size measured by quasi-elastic light scattering (QLS) were monitored throughout the aggregation. Three different lots of antibiotin antibodies, each with different association constants and binding heterogeneities, were used. The antibody binding characteristics affected the aggregation rates. The aggregation kinetics were analyzed using a model based on the Smoluchowski theory of aggregation, fractal concepts of aggregate microstructure, and Rayleigh and Mie light scattering theory. The experimental conditions of liposome concentration, protein concentration, and ligand density under which aggregation occurred correlated well with calculated sticking probabilities based on isotherms describing the adsorption of antibiotin antibody to the liposomes. These results are compared with prior observations made when avidin was used as the cross-linking protein. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the accuracy of decentralized virtual coordinate systems in adversarial networks (2007)

Virtual coordinate systems provide an accurate and efficient service that allows hosts on the Internet to determine the latency to arbitrary hosts without actively monitoring all nodes in the network. Many of the proposed virtual coordinate systems were designed with the assumption that all of the nodes in the system are altruistic. However, this assumption may be violated by compromised nodes acting maliciously to degrade the accuracy of the coordinate system. As numerous peer-to-peer applications rely on virtual coordinate systems to achieve good performance, it is critical to address the security of such systems.In this work, we demonstrate the vulnerability of decentralized virtual coordinate systems to insider (or Byzantine) attacks. We propose techniques to make the coordinate assignment robust to malicious attackers without increasing the communication cost. We demonstrate the attacks and mitigation techniques in the context of a well-known distributed virtual coordinate system using simulations based on three representative, real-life Internet topologies of hosts and corresponding round trip times (RTT).
GH18 endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases use distinct mechanisms to process hybrid-type N-linked glycans (2021)

N-glycosylation is one of the most abundant posttranslational modifications of proteins, essential for many physiological processes, including protein folding, protein stability, oligomerization and aggregation, and molecular recognition events. Defects in the N-glycosylation pathway cause diseases that are classified as congenital disorders of glycosylation. The ability to manipulate protein N-glycosylation is critical not only to our fundamental understanding of biology but also for the development of new drugs for a wide range of human diseases. Chemoenzymatic synthesis using engineered endo-β-N-acetylglucosaminidases (ENGases) has been used extensively to modulate the chemistry of N-glycosylated proteins. However, defining the molecular mechanisms by which ENGases specifically recognize and process N-glycans remains a major challenge. Here we present the X-ray crystal structure of the ENGase EndoBT-3987 from Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in complex with a hybrid-type glycan product. In combination with alanine scanning mutagenesis, molecular docking calculations and enzymatic activity measurements conducted on a chemically engineered monoclonal antibody substrate unveil two mechanisms for hybrid-type recognition and processing by paradigmatic ENGases. Altogether, the experimental data provide pivotal insight into the molecular mechanism of substrate recognition and specificity for GH18 ENGases and further advance our understanding of chemoenzymatic synthesis and remodeling of homogeneous N-glycan glycoproteins.
Validation of two-dimensional and three-dimensional measurements of subpleural alveolar size parameters by optical coherence tomography (2012)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has been increasingly used for imaging pulmonary alveoli. Only a few studies, however, have quantified individual alveolar areas, and the validity of alveolar volumes represented within OCT images has not been shown. To validate quantitative measurements of alveoli from OCT images, we compared the cross-sectional area, perimeter, volume, and surface area of matched subpleural alveoli from microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) and OCT images of fixed air-filled swine samples. The relative change in size between different alveoli was extremely well correlated (r>0.9, P<0.0001), but OCT images underestimated absolute sizes compared to micro-CT by 27% (area), 7% (perimeter), 46% (volume), and 25% (surface area) on average. We hypothesized that the differences resulted from refraction at the tissue-air interfaces and developed a ray-tracing model that approximates the reconstructed alveolar size within OCT images. Using this model and OCT measurements of the refractive index for lung tissue (1.41 for fresh, 1.53 for fixed), we derived equations to obtain absolute size measurements of superellipse and circular alveoli with the use of predictive correction factors. These methods and results should enable the quantification of alveolar sizes from OCT images in vivo.
Towards intense isolated attosecond pulses from relativistic surface high-harmonics (2018)

Relativistic surface high harmonics have been considered a unique source for the generation of intense isolated attosecond pulses in the extreme ultra-violet and x-ray spectral ranges. Their practical realization, however, is still a challenging task and requires identification of optimum experimental conditions and parameters. Here, we present measurements and particle-in-cell simulations to determine the optimum values for the most important parameters. In particular, we investigate the dependence of harmonics efficiency, divergence, and beam quality on the pre-plasma scale length as well as identify the optimum conditions for generation of isolated attosecond pulses by measuring the dependence of the harmonics spectrum on the carrier - envelope phase of the driving infrared field. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America under the terms of the OSA Open Access Publishing Agreement