gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-speed high-responsivity low temperature grown GaAs detector (2012)

GaAs grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at low, near 200°C, temperature (LT-GaAs) has become the material of choice for ultra high speed, such as THz, detection due to its very short, carrier lifetime of around 1 psec [1-3]. By contrast, regular temperature GaAs (RT-GaAs) is grown at around 600°C and has carrier lifetime of ~1nsec. This short lifetime requires that optically generated carriers be collected quickly, however, LT-GaAs has very low carrier mobilities thus resulting in low photocurrent and hence responsivity. We have previously designed a novel structure that circumvents this limitation [4] and have reported speed of response measured optoelectronically that was limited by instrumentation. Here, we present electro-optic sampling (EOS) time response data that shows while maintaining the high speed of response in LT-GaAs, the device also achieves high responsivity, near that of RT-GaAs. This is done by utilizing (a) an AlGaAs heterojunction with RT-GaAs for better collection efficiency of carriers, (b) a thin (85 nm) LT-GaAs layer below this RT-GaAs channel that maintains high speed by capturing slow carriers, and (c) a vertical electric field transverse to cathode-anode direction that guides electrons to the high speed channel and eliminates the low speed holes. These features result in a photodetector device with dark current in tens of picoamps -hence large signal to noise ratio- and high speed of response with full width half max (FWHM) 6.3 psec, while maintaining high responsivity of 0.15 A/W comparable to RT-GaAs and much higher than previous LT-GaAs devices. Device simulation confirms the physical basis for the remarkable performance of this detector.
Wide Complex Tachycardia Differentiation: A Reappraisal of the State‐of‐the‐Art (2020)

The primary goal of the initial ECG evaluation of every wide complex tachycardia is to determine whether the tachyarrhythmia has a ventricular or supraventricular origin. The answer to this question drives immediate patient care decisions, ensuing clinical workup, and long-term management strategies. Thus, the importance of arriving at the correct diagnosis cannot be understated and has naturally spurred rigorous research, which has brought forth an ever-expanding abundance of manually applied and automated methods to differentiate wide complex tachycardias. In this review, we provide an in-depth analysis of traditional and more contemporary methods to differentiate ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia. In doing so, we: (1) review hallmark wide complex tachycardia differentiation criteria, (2) examine the conceptual and structural design of standard wide complex tachycardia differentiation methods, (3) discuss practical limitations of manually applied ECG interpretation approaches, and (4) highlight recently formulated methods designed to differentiate ventricular tachycardia and supraventricular wide complex tachycardia automatically.
Expanding the ChemGPS Chemical Space with Natural Products (2005)

Recently various attempts have been made to increase the efficacy and precision of chemical libraries used in high-throughput screening (HTS) drug discovery approaches. One such approach is ChemGPS, which provides a defined chemical space for prescreening evaluation of chemical compound properties or virtual dereplication. In the present study, ChemGPS has been applied to a set of natural products shown to exhibit cyclooxygenase-1 and/or -2 (COX-1/2) inhibition. With the purpose of defining chemical properties and linking these to the observed mode of enzyme inhibition, this resulted in two lines of reasoning. On one hand several specific features of these compounds have been identified and discussed. Overall COX inhibition was frequently correlated with the presence of at least one ring in the structure, fragments exhibiting structural rigidity, and a relatively large molecular size. The concept "size" includes several parameters, e.g., molecular volume, weight, and number of bonds. On the other hand, and possibly even more important, was the unexpected finding that the natural products studied to a large extent fell outside the defined ChemGPS chemical space. Therefore, we also propose an expanded space for natural products: ChemGPS-NP.
Induction of Fetal Hemoglobin Synthesis By Crispr/Cas9-Mediated Disruption of the β-Globin Locus Architecture (2016)

Abstract Naturally occurring, large deletions in the β-globin locus result in increased fetal hemoglobin (HbF) expression (HPFH, Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin), a condition that mitigates the clinical severity of Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) and β-thalassemia. Here, we integrated BCL11A and GATA1 transcription factor binding site analysis and HPFH mutational data to identify potential HbF silencers in the β-globin locus. Based on this analysis, we designed a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to disrupt: (i) a 3.5-kb δγ-intergenic region that is specifically deleted in individuals with HPFH. This region contains BCL11A and GATA1 binding sites in adult, HbF-negative primary erythroblasts, thus representing a potential HbF silencer; (ii) a 7.2-kb region, encompassing the 3.5-kb δγ-intergenic element, which is the minimal naturally occurring deletion associated with HPFH ("Corfù" deletion; Chakalova et al., Blood, 2005); (iii) a 13.6-kb genomic region commonly deleted in HPFH, which includes the δ- and β-globin genes and putative intergenic HbF silencers. Targeted deletion or inversion of the 13.6-kb genomic region caused a substantial increase in γ-globin mRNA levels, re-activation of HbF synthesis and a concomitant decrease in HbA expression in adult human erythroid cells (HUDEP-2). Interestingly, deletion of the Corfù region or of the 3.5-kb putative HbF silencer, increased γ-globin gene transcription but failed to produce accumulation of γ-globin mRNA, suggesting a post-transcriptional regulation of γ-globin synthesis in the presence of an intact and active β-globin gene. We then tested re-activation of HbF synthesis in primary adult hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells differentiated towards the erythroid lineage in liquid and clonogenic cultures. Targeting the 13.6-kb genomic region resulted in a high proportion of γ-globin expressing primary erythroblasts, with HbF representing up to 50% of total hemoglobin. Cell morphology, erythroid marker profile, total hemoglobin levels and erythroid maturation were unaffected, consistent with the asymptomatic phenotype of adult HPFH carriers. These data suggest that this region could serve as target for therapeutic genome editing for HbF induction in β-hemoglobinopathies. Overall, this study contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms underlying fetal to adult Hb switching, and provides clues for a genome editing approach to the treatment of SCD and β-thalassemia. Disclosures Cradick: CRISPR Therapeutics: Employment. Lundberg:CRISPR Therapeutics: Employment, Equity Ownership. Porteus:CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Equity Ownership. Mavilio:Adverum Therapeutics: Consultancy, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Orchard Therapeutics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding.
Down-The-Hole hammer drilling system driven by a tubular reciprocating translational motion permanent magnet synchronous motor (2012)

This paper presents a Down-The-Hole (DTH) hammer drilling system driven by a tubular reciprocating translational motion permanent magnet synchronous motor for offshore oil & gas industry. The mathematical models of electric part, mechanical part and load are presented based on force analysis of motor and dynamic analysis of impact. The simulation results validate the mathematic model and show that the motor can be utilized in percussive drilling applications and achieve a very large impact force. The design issues of DTH hammer system due to space limitation and harsh operating conditions are also presented from control point of view for percussive drilling applications.
A Series-Tuned Inductive-Power-Transfer Pickup With a Controllable AC-Voltage Output (2010)

This paper presents a new type of series ac-processing pickup used in inductive-power-transfer applications. The proposed pickup uses an ac switch operating under zero-current-switching conditions in series with a resonant network to produce a controllable ac voltage source suitable for driving incandescent lights. When a rectifier is cascaded onto this pickup, it can also produce a precisely controlled dc voltage. This topology eliminates the need to use an extra buck converter after the traditional series pickup for controlling the output load voltage to a desired value, which may be different from the induced voltage of the pickup. Furthermore, this pickup has the ability to control the inductor current directly, and hence, eliminate the transient inrush current at startup for the series-tuned resonant tank. The circuit is analytically analyzed and the maximum efficiency for a 1.2-kW prototype is measured to be 93%.
Significant association between FGFR1 mutation frequency and age in central giant cell granuloma (2022)

Central giant cell granulomas (CGCG) are rare intraosseous osteolytic lesions of uncertain aetiology. Despite the benign nature of this neoplasia, the lesions can rapidly grow and become large, painful, invasive, and destructive. The identification of molecular drivers could help in the selection of targeted therapies for specific cases. TRPV4, KRAS and FGFR1 mutations have been associated with these lesions but no correlation between the mutations and patient features was observed so far. In this study, we analysed 17 CGCG cases of an Italian cohort and identified an interesting and significant (p=0.0021) correlation between FGFR1 mutations and age. In detail, FGFR1 mutations were observed frequently and exclusively in CGCG from young (<18 years old) patients (4/5 lesions, 80%). Furthermore, the combination between ours and previously published data confirmed a significant difference in the frequency of FGFR1 mutations in CGCG from patients younger than 18 years at the time of diagnosis (9/23 lesions, 39%) when compared to older patients (1/31 lesions, 0.03%; p=0.0011), thus corroborating our observation in a cohort of 54 patients. FGFR1 variants in young CGCG patients could favour fast lesion growth, implying that they seek medical attention earlier. Our observation might help prioritise candidates for FGFR1 testing, thus opening treatment options with FGFR inhibitors.
Data from Identification of an “Exceptional Responder” Cell Line to MEK1 Inhibition: Clinical Implications for MEK-Targeted Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The identification of somatic genetic alterations that confer sensitivity to pharmacologic inhibitors has led to new cancer therapies. To identify mutations that confer an exceptional dependency, shRNA-based loss-of-function data were analyzed from a dataset of numerous cell lines to reveal genes that are essential in a small subset of cancer cell lines. Once these cell lines were determined, detailed genomic characterization from these cell lines was utilized to ascertain the genomic aberrations that led to this extreme dependency. This method, in a large subset of lung cancer cell lines, yielded a single lung adenocarcinoma cell line, NCI-H1437, which is sensitive to RNA interference of MAP2K1 expression. Notably, NCI-H1437 is the only lung cancer cell line included in the dataset with a known activating mutation in MAP2K1 (Q56P). Subsequent validation using shRNA and CRISPR-Cas9 confirmed MAP2K1 dependency. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; inhibitor studies established that NCI-H1437 cells are sensitive to MEK1 inhibitors, including the FDA-approved drug trametinib. Like NCI-H1437 cells, the MAP2K1-mutant cell lines SNU-C1 (colon) and OCUM-1 (gastric) showed decreased viability after MAP2K1 depletion via Cas9-mediated gene editing. Similarly, these cell lines were particularly sensitive to trametinib treatment compared with control cell lines. On the basis of these data, cancers that harbor driver mutations in MAP2K1 could benefit from treatment with MEK1 inhibitors. Furthermore, this functional data mining approach provides a general method to experimentally test genomic features that confer dependence in tumors.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Implications:&lt;/b&gt; Cancers with an activated RAS/MAPK pathway driven by oncogenic MAP2K1 mutations may be particularly sensitive to MEK1 inhibitor treatments. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 14(2); 207–15. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Pharmacochemical profile of iopromide. (1983)

Iopromide (Schering, Berlin) is a new nonionic, monomeric contrast medium containing three different substituents on the triiodinated benzene ring. Iopromide exhibits low osmolality and viscosity in aqueous solutions of high concentrations. It has been shown to have a remarkably low intravenous toxicity in mice and rats. Neural tolerance was found to be equal to or better than that of metrizamide when injected in rats intracisternally and intracerebrally, respectively. The effects of iopromide after selective peripheral and cerebral arterial injections in rats were demonstrated to be very moderate at high dosages. The interaction of iopromide with proteins and membranes was found to be considerably low due to its hydrophilicity. Excretion of iopromide is fast and predominantly by the renal route. On the basis of the preclinical profile iopromide is a very promising contrast agent, being most suitable for all angiographic indications, including digital subtraction angiography, urography, and computed tomography.
Highly-confined, low-loss visible photonics using foundry-fabricated Silicon Nitride circuits (2022)

In this paper, we present CMOS-foundry-fabricated silicon nitride photonic structures at barium emission wavelengths - 493nm and 650nm. High mode-confinement, low propagation losses, and inverse-designed 3dB splitters are demonstrated.
Proteomics of the Human Endometrial Glandular Epithelium and Stroma from the Proliferative and Secretory Phases of the Menstrual Cycle1 (2015)

Despite its importance in reproductive biology and women's health, a detailed molecular-level understanding of the human endometrium is lacking. Indeed, no comprehensive studies have been undertaken to elucidate the important protein expression differences between the endometrial glandular epithelium and surrounding stroma during the proliferative and midsecretory phases of the menstrual cycle. We utilized laser microdissection to harvest epithelial cells and stromal compartments from proliferative and secretory premenopausal endometrial tissue and performed a global, quantitative mass spectrometry-based proteomics analysis. This analysis identified 1224 total proteins from epithelial cells, among which 318 were differentially abundant between the proliferative and secretory phases (q < 0.05), and 1005 proteins from the stromal compartments, 19 of which were differentially abundant between the phases (q < 0.05). Several proteins were chosen for validation by immunohistochemistry in an independent set of uterine tissues, including carboxypeptidase M, tenascin C, neprilysin, and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family member 3 (ENPP3). ENPP3, which was elevated in epithelial glandular cells in the secretory phase, was confirmed to be elevated in midsecretory-phase baboon uterine lavage samples and also observed to have an N-linked glycosylated form that was not observed in the proliferative phase. This study provides a detailed view into the global proteomic alterations of the epithelial cells and stromal compartments of the cycling premenopausal endometrium. These proteomic alterations during endometrial remodeling provide a basis for numerous follow-up investigations on the function of these differentially regulated proteins and their role in reproductive biology and endometrial pathologies.
Digital MEMS for optical switching (2002)

Over the last few years an amazing amount of interest has emerged for applications of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) in telecommunications. Silicon-based optical MEMS have proven to be the technology of choice for low-cost scalable photonic applications because they allow mass manufacturing of highly accurate miniaturized parts, and use materials with excellent mechanical and electrical properties. Applications include tunable lasers, optical switches, and tunable filters. The use of MEMS for optical switching has turned out to be most attractive since this application could revolutionize fiber optic telecommunications. We discuss the technology, performance, and reliability of 2D MEMS optical switches. We show that this technology meets the scalability, performance, and reliability requirements for important applications in fiber optic networks.
Integration of multiple sensors to provide flexible control strategies (1986)

The design and operation of an experimental robot workstation that adaptively responds to a disordered or changing environment are presented. The adaptive control is provided by the use of several sensor subsystems in a distributed architecture workcell. Included in the workstation are a commercial 6-axis robot, a microprocessor-based vision subsystem, an acoustic-ranging sensor subsystem, and a force-torque sensing subsystem; each subsystem is microprocessor based, and supervisory control is provided by a workcell host computer. Five demonstrations of adaptive control are described, including real-time path modification by single sensors and integrated use of multiple sensors.
Molecular Ion (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Update on the management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting &ndash; focus on palonosetron (2015)

Palonosetron, alone or with other antiemetics, has improved CINV treatment due to its ability to significantly reduce delayed phases of CINV, compared to similar 5-HT3RAs. Palonosetron is both more effective than first generation 5-HT3RAs and safer, as it results in a smaller prolongation of the QTc interval, compared to other 5-HT3RAs.
The synthesis and application of some aziridinyl disperse dyes (1993)

The aziridinyl group has been introduced as a terminal substituent into a series of monoazo disperse dyes; the dyes absorb hypsochromically in comparison with their counterparts containing larger terminal ring systems. When applied from aqueous dyebaths the dyes exhibit higher wash fastness on nylon 6.6 and diacetate fibres than conventional dispersedyes of similar structure and relative molecular mass. On polyester and triacetate fibresthe aziridinyl dyes display similar wash fastness to conventional dyes. Dye polymerisation and/or covalent fixation may account for the observed high fastness of the dyes on diacetate and nylon fibres. With the exception of nylon 6.6, the aziridinyl dyes display lower light fastness than conventional disperse dyes on the fibres studied, this being attributable to the greater susceptibility of the aziridinyl dyes to oxidative rather than reductive photodegradation.
Statistical Rate Allocation for Layered Space&ndash;Time Structure (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> We propose a modified layered structure for multiple-input multiple-output systems, where the layer detection order is fixed and the data rate for each layer is allocated based on the detection order and channel statistics. Using a Gaussian approximation of the layer capacities, we derive an asymptotic optimum data-rate-allocation approach. For optimum data-rate allocation, the amount of backoff from the mean layer capacity is proportional to the standard deviation of the layer capacity. With statistical data-rate allocation, only limited channel feedback is needed to update channel statistics at the transmitter. Simulation results show significant performance improvement with the proposed algorithm. We also find that the performance gap between the layered structure and the channel capacity diminishes with increasing ergodicity within each codeword. Numerical results show a singal-to-noise ratio improvement of 6.3 and 3.6 dB for TGn channels B and D, respectively, for 1% outage probability and 9 b/s/Hz spectral efficiency. </para>
Coherent control of the tin-vacancy spin qubit in diamond (2021)

While the tin-vacancy center in diamond (SnV) has demonstrated excellent optical properties [1], spin control has remained elusive. We demonstrate multi-axis control of the SnV spin via an all-optical drive, and use this to demonstrate T 2 = 0.30(8) ms.
Supplementary Figure 10 from STING Ligand c-di-GMP Improves Cancer Vaccination against Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 164K, Figure S10: Gating of MDSC in blood of 4T1 tumor-bearing mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Software defined environments: An introduction (2014)

During the past few years, enterprises have been increasingly aggressive in moving mission-critical and performance-sensitive applications to the cloud, while at the same time many new mobile, social, and analytics applications are directly developed and operated on cloud computing platforms. These two movements are encouraging the shift of the value proposition of cloud computing from cost reduction to simultaneous agility and optimization. These requirements (agility and optimization) are driving the recent disruptive trend of software defined computing, for which the entire computing infrastructure—compute, storage and network—is becoming software defined and dynamically programmable. The key elements within software defined environments include capability-based resource abstraction, goal-based and policy-based workload definition, and outcome-based continuous mapping of the workload to the available resources. Furthermore, software defined environments provide the tooling and capabilities to compose workloads from existing components that are then continuously and autonomously mapped onto the underlying programmable infrastructure. These elements enable software defined environments to achieve agility, efficiency, and continuous outcome-optimized provisioning and management, plus continuous assurance for resiliency and security. This paper provides an overview and introduction to the key elements and challenges of software defined environments.