gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition Is Not a Major Modulating Factor in the Cytotoxic Response to Natural Products in Cancer Cell Lines (2021)

Numerous natural products exhibit antiproliferative activity against cancer cells by modulating various biological pathways. In this study, we investigated the potential use of eight natural compounds (apigenin, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, fisetin, forskolin, procyanidin B2, resveratrol, urolithin A) and two repurposed agents (fulvestrant and metformin) as chemotherapy enhancers and mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) inducers of cancer cells. Screening of these compounds in various colon, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines revealed anti-cancer activity for all compounds, with curcumin being the most effective among these in all cell lines. Although some of the natural products were able to induce MET in some cancer cell lines, the MET induction was not related to increased synergy with either 5-FU, irinotecan, gemcitabine, or gefitinib. When synergy was observed, for example with curcumin and irinotecan, this was unrelated to MET induction, as assessed by changes in E-cadherin and vimentin expression. Our results show that MET induction is compound and cell line specific, and that MET is not necessarily related to enhanced chemosensitivity.
Overexpression and nuclear translocation of hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase PHD2 in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is associated with tumor aggressiveness. (2006)

Our results show that increased levels and nuclear translocation of the cellular oxygen sensor, PHD2, are associated with less differentiated and strongly proliferating tumors. Furthermore, they imply that even the elevated PHD2 levels are not sufficient to down-regulate HIF-1alpha in some tumors.
Docking-Based Development of Purine-like Inhibitors of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase-2 (2000)

The cell division cycle is controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases (cdk), which consist of a catalytic subunit (cdk1-cdk8) and a regulatory subunit (cyclin A-H). Purine-like inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases have recently been found to be of potential use as anticancer drugs. Rigid and flexible docking techniques were used for analysis of binding mode and design of new inhibitors. X-ray structures of three (ATP, olomoucine, roscovitine) cdk2 complexes were available at the beginning of the study and were used to optimize the docking parameters. The new potential inhibitors were then docked into the cdk2 enzyme, and the enzyme/inhibitor interaction energies were calculated and tested against the assayed activities of cdk1 (37 compounds) and cdk2 (9 compounds). A significant rank correlation between the activity and the rigid docking interaction energy has been found. This implies that (i) the rigid docking can be used as a tool for qualitative prediction of activity and (ii) values obtained by the rigid docking technique into the cdk2 active site can also be used for the prediction of cdk1 activity. While the resulting geometries obtained by the rigid docking are in good agreement with the X-ray data, the flexible docking did not always produce the same inhibitor conformation as that found in the crystal.
Coordinated Science Laboratory 70th Anniversary Symposium: The Future of Computing (2022)

In 2021, the Coordinated Science Laboratory CSL, an Interdisciplinary Research Unit at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, hosted the Future of Computing Symposium to celebrate its 70th anniversary. CSL's research covers the full computing stack, computing's impact on society and the resulting need for social responsibility. In this white paper, we summarize the major technological points, insights, and directions that speakers brought forward during the Future of Computing Symposium. Participants discussed topics related to new computing paradigms, technologies, algorithms, behaviors, and research challenges to be expected in the future. The symposium focused on new computing paradigms that are going beyond traditional computing and the research needed to support their realization. These needs included stressing security and privacy, the end to end human cyber physical systems and with them the analysis of the end to end artificial intelligence needs. Furthermore, advances that enable immersive environments for users, the boundaries between humans and machines will blur and become seamless. Particular integration challenges were made clear in the final discussion on the integration of autonomous driving, robo taxis, pedestrians, and future cities. Innovative approaches were outlined to motivate the next generation of researchers to work on these challenges. The discussion brought out the importance of considering not just individual research areas, but innovations at the intersections between computing research efforts and relevant application domains, such as health care, transportation, energy systems, and manufacturing.
ChemInform Abstract: INTRA‐ AND INTERMOLECULAR PHOTOCYCLOADDITIONS OF ACETYLENIC ESTERS TO BENZO(B)THIOPHENES (1978)

Abstract Benzothiophen (Ia) liefert die Brom‐Verbindung (Ib), die nach Grignard mit Ethylenoxid zum Carbinol (Ic) und weiter zum Ester (Id) reagiert.
Interleukin‐17A expression in endometriotic tissue and plasma samples from women with endometriosis (539.2) (2014)

Cytokines present within the environment of endometriosis are believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of the disease by promoting inflammatory conditions surrounding the implantation of endometriotic lesions. Interleukin‐17A is a member of proinflammatory cytokines implicated in the pathogenesis of various chronic inflammatory diseases. However, its role in the disease progression of endometriosis is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to elucidate the involvement of IL‐17A in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. To investigate this, IL‐17A concentration was measured in plasma, eutopic and ectopic samples from women with endometriosis and in plasma and eutopic samples from women without endometriosis. Immunostaining for IL‐17A was conducted on eutopic and ectopic tissue sections. To elucidate biological function of IL‐17A, WST‐1 proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis with Propidium Iodide (PI) , and supernatant analysis were performed with endometrial epithelial carcinoma cells (EECCs) . Expression of IL‐17A, IL‐17RA, and IL‐17RC mRNA from EECCs and primary EECs was measured using qPCR. Flow cytometry was performed on EECCs to detect IL‐17RA expression. Results show presence of IL‐17A in plasma samples and ectopic tissue samples from women with endometriosis. Imunohistochemistry confirmed the presence of IL‐17A positive cells within both the epithelium and stroma of eutopic and ectopic tissue sections. Even though IL‐17A has shown no proliferative or apoptotic effect on EECCs, its stimulation on EECCs induced increased production of G‐CSF, VEGF, PDGF‐AA, and SDF‐1. Follow up investigation is needed to elucidate the understanding of the relationship between the presence of IL‐17A and the pathogenesis of endometriosis. Grant Funding Source : Supported by CIHR
Sparse modelling and predictive coding of subaperture images for lossless plenoptic image compression (2016)

This paper studies the lossless compression of rectified light-field images captured by plenoptic cameras, exploiting the high similarity existing between the subaperture images, or views, composing the light-field image. The encoding is predictive, where one sparse predictor is designed for every region of a view, using as regressors the pixels from the already transmitted views. As a first step, consistent segmentations for all subaperture images are constructed, defining the regions as connected components in the quantized depth map of the central view, and then propagating them to all side views. The sparse predictors are able to take into account the small horizontal and vertical disparities between regions in corresponding close-by views and perform optimal least squares interpolation accounting implicitly for fractional disparities. The optimal structure of the sparse predictor is selected for each region based on an implementable description length. The encoding of the views is done sequentially starting from the central view and the scheme produces results better than standard lossless compression methods utilized directly on the full lightfield image or applied to the views in a similar sequential order as our method.
Fabrication of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cells with controlled distribution of p-n components by evaporative spray deposition using ultradilute solution (2008)

A distribution-controlled bulk heterojunction (dc-BHJ) photovoltaic cell where the distribution of an electron donor and acceptor is controlled across the film was fabricated by <i>Evaporative Spray Deposition using Ultradilute Solution</i> (ESDUS) method, which can build a layered structure of polymer semiconductors soluble in a same solvent, and the energy conversion efficiency, PCE, of the dc-BHJ was significantly improved compared with a conventional BHJ cell. The dc-BHJ cells were fabricated by changing the ratio of a donor, regioregular poly(3-hexyl-thiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), and an acceptor, a fullerene derivative (PCBM), from 2:1 to 1:2. The short circuit current, Jsc, and PCE of a dc-BHJ cell having P3HT-rich BHJ/PCBM-rich BHJ structure was 6.06 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> and 2.15 %, respectively, while those of a conventional BHJ cell having P3HT:PCBM=1:1 layer were 5.26 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, 1.71 %. In the dc-BHJ cells, the introduction of composition gradient brought about the increase in conversion efficiency. The transportation of photogenerated charge carriers to the collecting electrodes was improved because the better pathways should be formed in the dc-BHJ cells.
Residual Hearing in DFNB1 Deafness and Its Clinical Implication in a Korean Population (2015)

In this study, the mutation spectrum and audiologic features of patients with GJB2 mutations were evaluated with a specific focus on residual hearing.
ROSEOFLAVIN INHIBITION OF PHOTOCONIDIATION IN A Trichoderma RIBOFLAVIN AUXOTROPH: INDIRECT EVIDENCE FOR FLAVIN REQUIREMENT for PHOTOREACTIONS (1984)

Abstract Roseoflavin, an analog known to compete with riboflavin in Lactobacillus casei , riboflavin‐deficient rats, and fungi, was used to ascertain whether a flavin plays a role as a sensitizing pigment for photomorphogenesis in the fungus Trichoderma . Roseoflavin inhibited blue light induced conidiation of a riboflavin‐requiring auxotroph of Trichoderma . Colonies pre‐incubated with roseoflavin needed six times more light to saturate conidiation. Roseoflavin did not change the dark rate of conidial development indicating that it interfered only with the photoact. A revertant from the riboflavin auxotroph strain was not inhibited by roseoflavin. Simultaneous addition of 10 μ M riboflavin prevented inhibition by 6.4 μ M roseoflavin. Thus, roseoflavin inhibition is probably specific, possibly replacing riboflavin or one of its metabolites in the light reactions. There was no detectable shift in the action spectrum towards the green where roseoflavin absorbs; thus it did not replace a flavin as an efficient photoreceptor.
A wireless multimedia network on time division duplex CDMA/TDMA (2002)

A wireless multimedia network using a novel channel equalizer on a TDD CDMA/TDMA scheme is proposed. The uplink employs a CDMA scheme to transmit low speed human interface signals, and the downlink employs a TDMA scheme to transmit high speed signals including video and images. The control signals for equalization are calculated by using the output of the matched filters of the CDMA receiver. Theoretical analysis has been carried out to evaluate the BER performance. Numerical results show that a low BER of less than 10/sup -6/ is achieved for the downlink by employing the proposed channel equalizer.
Self-healing ring-architecture power-splitting passive optical networks against fiber fault (2007)

We propose a self-restored ring-based TDM PONs to prevent fiber cut. By using our proposed Y-type passive component in each remote node (RN), the proposed ring-based PS-PON can be revived promptly under single fiber failure. The protection and restoration time of the proposed ring-type access network is depends on the switching time of switch of PRY layer. Moreover, the system performance is also measured and discussed experimentally.
Magnetic Colloidal Particles in Combinatorial Thin-Film Gradients for Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Hyperthermia (2020)

A stable oil-in-water (O/W) magnetic emulsion was prepared by the emulsification of organic ferrofluid in an aqueous media, and its theranostic applications were investigated. The synthesis and characterization of the organic ferrofluid were carried out comprising of superparamagnetic maghemite nanoparticles with oleic acid coating stabilized in octane. Both exhibit spherical morphology with a mean size of 6 nm and 200 nm, respectively, as determined by TEM. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out to determine the chemical composition of the emulsion. The research work described here is novel and elaborates the fabrication of thin-film gradients with 5, 10, 15, and 20 bilayers by layer-by-layer technique using polydimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride (PDAC) and prepared magnetic colloidal particles. The thin-film gradients were characterized for their roughness, morphology, and wettability. The developed gradient films and colloids were explored in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hyperthermia. T1- and T2-weighted images and their corresponding signal intensities were obtained at 1.5 T. A decreasing trend in signal intensities with an increase in nanoparticle concentration in colloids and along the gradient was observed in T2-weighted images. The hyperthermia capability was also evaluated by measuring temperature rise and calculating specific absorption rates (SAR). The SAR of the colloids at 259 kHz, 327 kHz, and 518 kHz were found to be 156 W/g, 255 W/g, and 336 W/g, respectively. The developed magnetic combinatorial thin-film gradients present a significant potential for the future efficient simultaneous diagnostic and therapeutic bioapplications.
Direct measurements of the mechanical properties of polymerized and unpolymerized langmuir‐blodgett films (1989)

Abstract Mechanical measurements can be made on Langmuir‐Blodgett (LB) films that have been peeled from their substrates, and are floating on the surface of water, by compressing them between the moving barrier and the Langmuir balance float in a standard monolayer trough. We have used this technique, which utilizes apparatus commonly available where LB films are made, to study multilayers of lead 10,12‐tricosadiynoate (a diacetylene carboxylic acid) that were first polymerized and then peeled from the substrate. For comparison we have performed the same measurements on pieces of mylar, on unpolymerized films, and on films of calcium octadecanoate (a saturated chain fatty acid). We found Young's modulus for films of the saturated chain material, the unpolymerized diynoate, and the polymerized films, to be 6 GPa (900 kpsi), 0.5 GPa, and 6 GPa, respectively.
Regulation of checkpoint kinase signalling and tumorigenesis by the NF-κB regulated gene, CLSPN (2018)

Abstract Inhibition of the tumour promoting activities of NF-κB by cell signalling pathways has been proposed as a natural mechanism to limit the development of cancer. However, there has been a lack of evidence for these effects in vivo . Here we report that RelA T505A mice, where a CHK1 targeted Thr505 phosphosite is mutated to alanine, display earlier onset of MYC driven lymphoma than wild type littermates. We describe a positive feedback loop in which the NF-κB subunits RelA and c-Rel, in a manner dependent upon RelA Thr505 phosphorylation, drive the expression of the ATR checkpoint kinase regulator Claspin in response to DNA replication stress in cancer cells. This in turn is required for maintenance of CHK1 activity. Loss of a single allele of the Clspn gene in mice is sufficient to drive earlier tumorigenesis and low levels of CLSPN mRNA expression are associated with worse survival in some forms of human cancer. We propose that loss of this pathway early in tumorigenesis promotes cancer development through increased genomic instability. However, in malignant cancer cells it can help promote their addiction to the checkpoint kinase signalling required for the maintenance of genomic integrity. Importantly, disruption of this pathway leads to resistance of cells to treatment with CHK1 inhibitors. Claspin expression could therefore act as a biomarker for responsiveness of patients to CHK1 inhibitors and provide a potential pathway for the development of tumour resistance.
Volume Rendering of Tendon—Bone Relationships Using Unenhanced CT (2001)

The mean attenuation of peripheral tendon ( approximately 100 H) is distinctly higher than that of muscle ( approximately 60 H) enabling high-quality volume rendering of muscle-tendon-bone relationships with unenhanced CT. High-frequency (bone) CT reconstruction algorithms commonly used for extremity CT produce approximately twofold higher image noise and inferior three-dimensional renderings compared with those based on less noisy standard or soft-tissue reconstruction algorithms. These concepts can be used to uniquely reveal tendon-muscle-bone relationships for clinical, scientific, and educational purposes.
Trellis-based multiuser receivers for asynchronous trellis coded DS-CDMA systems (2002)

We propose a new reduced-complexity multiuser receiver for asynchronous trellis-coded CDMA systems in AWGN channels. Based on the coding information of a subset of users and the set partitioning principles inherent in TCM, reduced-state trellises are constructed. The Viterbi algorithm is thus used to jointly decode the trellis codes of this subset of users and equalize the multiuser interference of the channel. As a special case of the proposed receiver, we study a structure that decodes only one user and equalizes the multiuser interference. Simulation results show that the performance of the new reduced complexity receiver approaches the trellis-coded single-user bound for both low and high-interference channels. Moreover, we compare the performance of the proposed receiver with that of previously proposed suboptimal structures. Our scheme is found to significantly outperform previously known suboptimal structures.
Function of a mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway in N gene‐mediated resistance in tobacco (2003)

The active defense of plants against pathogens often includes rapid and localized cell death known as hypersensitive response (HR). Protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation are implicated in this event based on studies using protein kinase and phosphatase inhibitors. Recent transient gain-of-function studies demonstrated that the activation of salicylic acid-induced protein kinase (SIPK) and wounding-induced protein kinase (WIPK), two tobacco mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) by their upstream MAPK kinase (MAPKK), NtMEK2 leads to HR-like cell death. Here, we report that the conserved kinase interaction motif (KIM) in MAPKKs is required for NtMEK2 function. Mutation of the conserved basic amino acids in this motif, or the deletion of N-terminal 64 amino acids containing this motif significantly compromised or abolished the ability of NtMEK2DD to activate SIPK/WIPK in vivo. These mutants were also defective in interacting with SIPK and WIPK, suggesting protein-protein interaction is required for the functional integrity of this MAPK cascade. To eliminate Agrobacterium that is known to activate a number of defense responses in transient transformation experiments, we generated permanent transgenic plants. Induction of NtMEK2DD expression by dexamethasone induced HR-like cell death in both T1 and T2 plants. In addition, by using PVX-induced gene silencing, we demonstrated that the suppression of all three known components in the NtMEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway attenuated N gene-mediated TMV resistance. Together with previous report that SIPK and WIPK are activated by TMV in a gene-for-gene-dependent manner, we conclude that NtMEK2-SIPK/WIPK pathway plays a positive role in N gene-mediated resistance, possibly through regulating HR cell death.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Sibutramine, a Novel Cyclobutylalkylamine Useful in the Treatment of Obesity, and Its Major Human Metabolites. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Progress in transgenic production of human plasma proteins in mammary bioreactors (2000)

Safe and effective protein concentrates produced from transgenic animals should be available in the future in relatively unlimited quantities and at reasonable costs. The technology for the production of recombinant human proteins in the milk of transgenic animals has advanced markedly in the past few years to the point where a number of therapeutically useful proteins have been produced at levels on the order of tens of grams of protein per liter of milk. Two such proteins, antithrombin III and α1-antitrypsin, are currently in clinical trials. However, a number of issues remain to be solved, including the low success rate in producing transgenic animals and differences in posttranslational processing of the expressed proteins compared to their native human counterparts. Overall, though, the future of transgenic technology for the production of recombinant human plasma proteins appears bright.
Role of Programmed Cell Death in Carcinogenesis (1993)

Cells possess within their repertoire of genetic programs the ability not only to proliferate and be functionally active, but also to activate and undergo a process of self-induced destruc- tion.This process, called programmed cell death, involves a genetic reprogramming of the cell that results in an energy-dependent cascade of biochemical and morphological changes within the cell that result in its death and elimination.Activation of this programmed death process is controlled by a series of endogenous cell-type-specific signals.In addition, a variety of exoge- nous cell-damaging treatments (e.g., radiation, chemicals, and viruses) can activate this path- way if sufficient injury to the cell occurs.Because a cell must undergo a series of molecular changes to acquire the malignant phenotype and because these changes are often induced by agents or treatment that damage the cell over an extended period of time, anything that enhances the survival of initiated/damaged cells will promote the carcinogenic process.This paper presents an overview of the regulation and mechanism of programmed cell death and how derangement of this regulation may be involved in carcinogenesis.
Solving a file assignment problem with a genetic plan (1982)

A genetic plan has been applied to the central server computer network file assignment problem. Throughput of the network is calculated for each file assignment produced by the genetic algorithm. Crossover and mutation are performed on individuals in accordance with their throughput.Various methods of representing and interpreting individuals as file assignments have been attempted. The effect of scaling, and time and space efficiency are addressed. The genetic plan quickly produces file assignments which are near optimal with regard to throughput of the network.