gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allopurinol therapy provides long term clinical improvement, but additional immunotherapy is required for sustained parasite clearance, in L. infantum-infected dogs (2019)

There is little evidence that current control strategies for canine leishmaniosis (CanL), the veterinary disease caused by <i>L. infantum</i> infection, are having a positive impact. This is of critical importance because dogs are a primary reservoir for <i>L. infantum</i> and a significant source of parasite transmission to humans. Drugs intended primarily for human use are prohibited for the treatment of CanL because of concerns over the propagation of resistant parasites. Although allopurinol effectively decreases parasite burden in CanL the treatment needs to be maintained for life. We hypothesized that during the allopurinol-induced parasite reduction dogs may become capable of developing a more robust immune response that may permit more effective control of parasites. To test this, we investigated the clinical and parasitological impact of short-term treatment with allopurinol, either alone or in combination with a defined subunit vaccine, on dogs naturally infected with <i>L. infantum</i>. A total of 28 dogs were distributed as follows: untreated; oral allopurinol alone (20 mg/kg, once each day for 90 days); or allopurinol with immunization with the Leish-F2 antigen formulated with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 agonist Second generation Lipid Adjuvant (SLA) in stable emulsion (SE; SLA-SE). Dogs that did not receive treatment had a progressive decline in their clinical condition and an increase in their infection levels, while treatment with allopurinol alone alleviated the clinical symptoms of CanL but did not generate sustained reduction in parasites. Concomitant immunization with Leish-F2 + SLA-SE, however, improved clinical condition while also providing long-term clearance of <i>L. infantum</i> from lymphoid tissues and systemic organs. These results have important implications for both the management of CanL and for limiting <i>L. infantum</i> transmission to humans.
REGIONAL THRESHOLD CONTRAST SENSITIVITY WITHIN THE CENTRAL VISUAL FIELD IN OPTIC NEURITIS (1987)

Contrast sensitivity was measured at nine locations within the central 10 degrees of the visual field in cases of recovered optic neuritis having varying degrees of residual deficit. A sample of 82 patches of visual field was obtained in 14 cases. Circular patches of vertically orientated sinusoidal gratings, 2.5 degrees in diameter, were used. The gratings were modulated in time at 8 Hz and the effect of spatial frequency on the threshold loss determined at each visual field location. As anticipated from what is known of visual field changes in the disorder there was considerable variation in the magnitude of the contrast threshold elevation at different locations in the visual field in any one case. The variability was more marked in cases with greater overall deficit. Three types of spatial loss were encountered. The most common was a loss which increased at higher spatial frequencies, found in 65 of the 82 patches of visual field examined. In 11 the loss was unaffected by spatial frequency and in the remaining 6 the loss was maximal at an intermediate spatial frequency. There was no instance of a loss maximal at low spatial frequencies. Overall the results indicate that sensitivity to higher spatial frequencies is more likely to be impaired following an attack of optic neuritis. In the combined results the effect of spatial frequency on the threshold elevation was statistically significant at all eccentricities (P less than 0.001). Analysis of the combined results revealed no difference in the mean contrast sensitivity loss at eccentricities of zero, 3.75 degrees or 7.5 degrees for intermediate and low spatial frequencies. There is no evidence from these results to suggest that the central foveal projection (papillomacular bundle) is more likely to be affected following an attack of optic neuritis than the projections of other eccentricities within the central 10 degrees as far as mechanisms subserving luminance vision are concerned at these spatial frequencies. Overall there was slightly greater reduction in acuity within the central 5 degrees than at 7.5 degrees eccentricity (P less than 0.05). This may be accounted for by the finding that higher spatial frequencies are more affected, rather than being related to eccentricity per se.
Supplemental Figure 3 from Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition Predicts Polo-Like Kinase 1 Inhibitor–Mediated Apoptosis in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Dose-response curves for NSCLC cell lines and treatments from Fig. 5 on a linear scale.&lt;/p&gt;
Enhanced Graphical Representation of Electrochemical Impedance Data (2006)

International audience
Experiences of a Digital Twin Based Predictive Maintenance Solution for Belt Conveyor Systems (2022)

Availability of belt conveyor systems is essential in production and logistic lines to safeguard production and delivery targets to customers. In this paper, experiences from commissioning, validation, and operation of an interactive predictive maintenance solution are reported. The solution and its development is formerly presented in Al-Kahwati et.al. (Al-Kahwati, Saari, Birk, &amp; Atta, 2021), where the principles to derive a digital twin of a typical belt conveyor system comprising component-level degradation models,estimation schemes for the remaining useful life and the degradation rate, and vision-based hazardous object detection. Furthermore, the validation approach of modifying the belt conveyor and thus exploiting the idler misalignment load (IML) for the degradation predictions for individual components (including long-lasting ones) together with the actionable insights for the decision support is presented and assessed. Moreover, the approach to testing and validation of the object detection and its performance is assessed and presented in the same manner. An overall system assessment is then given and concludes the paper together with lessons learned. As pilot site for the study a belt conveyor system at LKAB Narvik in northern Norway is used.
Suplementación con selenio en vaquillas: Efecto sobre la respuesta inmune a las vacunas Brucella abortus cepa RB51 y toxoide tetánico (2005)

El trabajo tiene por objetivo evaluar el efecto de una suplementacion con selenio sobre la respuesta inmune a las vacunas Toxoide tetanico y Brucella abortus cepa RB51 en vaquillas con un adecuado balance metabolico de selenio. (GSH-Px>130 U/g Hb). Para ello se empelaron 32 vaquillas Friesian de 18 a 24 meses de edad, asignadas al azar a dos grupos de 16 animales; uno suplementado (Se-S) el dia 0 con una dosis de selenato de bario, permaneciendo el otro como control no suplementado (No-S). Todas las vaquillas fueron mantenidas durante 9 meses (abril a enero)a pastoreo sobre una pradera naturalizada con un contenido de Se de 0.04 ppm/MS. Los animales fueron inmunizados con vacuna RB51 el dia 60 y posteriormente con Toxoide tetanico los dias 120 y 150. Muestras de sangre fueron obtenidas a la suplementacion y cada 15 dias hasta el termino del experimento. El balance metabolico de selenio fue evaluado mediante la actividad sanguinea de Glutacion peoxidasa (GSH-Px). La respuesta inmune humorral se evaluo determinando los anticuerpos sericos especificos para ambos antigenos mediante ELISA y la respuesta inmune celular mediante pruebas de intrademorraccion a antigenos de Bruecella abortus.
Measurement and analysis of high-frequency pressure oscillations in solid rocket motors (1984)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
A First Report on [18F]FPRGD2 PET/CT Imaging in Multiple Myeloma (2017)

An observational study was set up to assess the feasibility of [<sup>18</sup>F]FPRGD<sub>2</sub> PET/CT for imaging patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to compare its detection rate with low dose CT alone and combined [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF/[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT images. Four patients (2 newly diagnosed patients and 2 with relapsed MM) were included and underwent whole-body PET/CT after injection of [<sup>18</sup>F]FPRGD<sub>2</sub>. The obtained images were compared with results of low dose CT and already available results of a combined [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF/[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT. In total, 81 focal lesions (FLs) were detected with PET/CT and an underlying bone destruction or fracture was seen in 72 (89%) or 8 (10%) FLs, respectively. Fewer FLs (54%) were detected by [<sup>18</sup>F]FPRGD<sub>2</sub> PET/CT compared to low dose CT (98%) or [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF/[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG PET/CT (70%) and all FLs detected with [<sup>18</sup>F]FPRGD<sub>2</sub> PET were associated with an underlying bone lesion. In one newly diagnosed patient, more [<sup>18</sup>F]FPRGD<sub>2</sub> positive lesions were seen than [<sup>18</sup>F]NaF/[<sup>18</sup>F]FDG positive lesions. This study suggests that [<sup>18</sup>F]FPRGD<sub>2</sub> PET/CT might be less useful for the detection of myeloma lesions in patients with advanced disease as all FLs with [<sup>18</sup>F]FPRGD<sub>2</sub> uptake were already detected with CT alone.
A New Approach to Mineralization of Biocompatible Hydrogel Scaffolds:  An Efficient Process toward 3-Dimensional Bonelike Composites (2003)

As a first step toward the design and fabrication of biomimetic bonelike composite materials, we have developed a template-driven nucleation and mineral growth process for the high-affinity integration of hydroxyapatite with a poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (pHEMA) hydrogel scaffold. A mineralization technique was developed that exposes carboxylate groups on the surface of cross-linked pHEMA, promoting high-affinity nucleation and growth of calcium phosphate on the surface, along with extensive calcification of the hydrogel interior. Robust surface mineral layers a few microns thick were obtained. The same mineralization technique, when applied to a hydrogel that is less prone to surface hydrolysis, led to distinctly different mineralization patterns, in terms of both the extent of mineralization and the crystallinity of the apatite grown on the hydrogel surface. This template-driven mineralization technique provides an efficient approach toward bonelike composites with high mineral-hydrogel interfacial adhesion strength.
Comparison of radiographic results after minimally invasive, hybrid, and open surgery for adult spinal deformity: a multicenter study of 184 patients (2014)

This study provides valuable baseline characteristics of radiographic parameters among 3 different surgical techniques used in the treatment of adult spinal deformity. Each technique has advantages, but much like any surgical technique, the positive and negative elements must be considered when tailoring a treatment to a patient. Minimally invasive surgical techniques can result in clinical outcomes at 1 year comparable to those obtained from hybrid and open surgical techniques.
Differential regulation of tumour necrosis factor‐α mRNA degradation in macrophages by interleukin‐4 and interferon‐γ (1996)

Interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) have been reported previously to mediate similar as well as antagonistic effects on murine macrophage functions. One effect common to both is the enhancement of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) secretion in macrophages. To assess further the effects of these two lymphokines on macrophage TNF-alpha production, we investigated the role of these lymphokines in the induction and stability of TNF-alpha messages along with interleukin-1 (IL-1) as a comparison. IFN-gamma and IL-4 increased lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha, IL-1 steady-state message levels. In contrast to IL-1 messages, whose degradation was not significantly affected by either lymphokine, the stability of TNF-alpha messages differed after IFN-gamma and IL-4 treatment. Although IL-4 treatment increased the TNF-alpha transcription rate, an increase in the degradation rate of TNF-alpha mRNA in the IL-4-treated cells resulted in a lower level of steady-state mRNA than in the IFN-gamma-treated cells. Additionally, a 18,000 MW cytoplasmic factor was found to have specific binding activity to the AU-rich sequences of the TNF-alpha message in peritoneal macrophages. Although the binding activity of this factor was not affected by either IFN-gamma or IL-4, the binding of the factor to AU-rich sequences appeared to be important in the rapid degradation of TNF-alpha messages. Thus IFN-gamma and IL-4 may differentially affect the post-transcriptional control of TNF-alpha gene expression. And this lymphokine-mediated post-transcriptional control of the TNF-alpha gene does not appear to involve the alteration of binding activity of the 18,000 MW AU-rich sequence binding factor.
External cavity, actively mode-locked GCSEL and amplification characteristics of GCSOA (grating coupled surface emitting semiconductor optical amplifier) (2004)

In this paper, we demonstrate an external cavity, active mode-locked GCSEL and amplification characteristics of grating coupled surface emitting semiconductor optical amplifier (GCSOA) using a c.w. external cavity grating coupled surface emitting laser (GCSEL). The experimental results represent a significant a step towards high power optical pulse generation using semiconductor lasers.
An integrated platform approach enables discovery of potent, selective and ligand-competitive cyclic peptides targeting the GIP receptor (2022)

In any drug discovery effort, the identification of hits for further optimisation is of crucial importance. For peptide therapeutics, display technologies such as mRNA display have emerged as powerful methodologies to identify these desired <i>de novo</i> hit ligands against targets of interest. The diverse peptide libraries are genetically encoded in these technologies, allowing for next-generation sequencing to be used to efficiently identify the binding ligands. Despite the vast datasets that can be generated, current downstream methodologies, however, are limited by low throughput validation processes, including hit prioritisation, peptide synthesis, biochemical and biophysical assays. In this work we report a highly efficient strategy that combines bioinformatic analysis with state-of-the-art high throughput peptide synthesis to identify nanomolar cyclic peptide (CP) ligands of the human glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide receptor (hGIP-R). Furthermore, our workflow is able to discriminate between functional and remote binding non-functional ligands. Efficient structure-activity relationship analysis (SAR) combined with advanced <i>in silico</i> structural studies allow deduction of a thorough and holistic binding model which informs further chemical optimisation, including efficient half-life extension. We report the identification and design of the first <i>de novo</i>, GIP-competitive, incretin receptor family-selective CPs, which exhibit an <i>in vivo</i> half-life up to 10.7 h in rats. The workflow should be generally applicable to any selection target, improving and accelerating hit identification, validation, characterisation, and prioritisation for therapeutic development.
A Survey on Coverage Enhancement in Cellular Networks: Challenges and Solutions for Future Deployments (2021)

Seamless and ubiquitous coverage are key factors for future cellular networks. Despite capacity and data rates being the main topics under discussion when envisioning the Fifth Generation (5G) and beyond of mobile communications, network coverage remains one of the major issues since coverage quality highly impacts the system performance and end-user experience. The increasing number of base stations and user terminals is anticipated to negatively impact the network coverage due to increasing interference. Furthermore, the “ubiquitous coverage” use cases, including rural and isolated areas, present a significant challenge for mobile communication technologies. This survey presents an overview of the concept of coverage, highlighting the ways it is studied, measured, and how it impacts the network performance. Additionally, an overlook of the most important key performance indicators influenced by coverage, which may affect the envisioned use cases with respect to throughput, latency, and massive connectivity, are discussed. Moreover, the main existing developments and deployments which are expected to augment the network coverage, in order to meet the requirements of the emerging systems, are presented as well as implementation challenges.
Spontaneous Ferroelectric Order in a Bent-Core Smectic Liquid Crystal of Fluid Orthorhombic Layers (2011)

Macroscopic polarization density, characteristic of ferroelectric phases, is stabilized by dipolar intermolecular interactions. These are weakened as materials become more fluid and of higher symmetry, limiting ferroelectricity to crystals and to smectic liquid crystal stackings of fluid layers. We report the SmAP(F), the smectic of fluid polar orthorhombic layers that order into a three-dimensional ferroelectric state, the highest-symmetry layered ferroelectric possible and the highest-symmetry ferroelectric material found to date. Its bent-core molecular design employs a single flexible tail that stabilizes layers with untilted molecules and in-plane polar ordering, evident in monolayer-thick freely suspended films. Electro-optic response reveals the three-dimensional orthorhombic ferroelectric structure, stabilized by silane molecular terminations that promote parallel alignment of the molecular dipoles in adjacent layers.
The First Polyarsenic Organic Compound from Nature: Arsenicin A from the New Caledonian Marine Sponge Echinochalina bargibanti. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Energy-efficient stochastic matrix function estimator for graph analytics on FPGA (2016)

Big Data applications require efficient processing of large graphs to unveil information that is hidden in the structural relationships among objects. In order to cope with the growing complexity of data sets many graph algorithms can be expressed to apply linear algebra operations for which highly efficient algorithms exist. In this paper we present an FPGA implementation of a stochastic matrix function estimator, a powerful framework for statistical approximation of general matrix functions. We apply the accelerator to the subgraph centrality method for ranking nodes in complex networks. Performance and energy consumption results are based on actual measurements of a POWER8 hybrid compute platform. A single FPGA co-processor improves the runtime by more than 50% compared to multi-threaded software while delivering the same estimation quality. In terms of energy consumption the FPGA outperforms CPU and GPU solutions by a factor of 13× and 3×, respectively. Our results show that FPGA co-processors can provide significant gains for graph analytics applications and are a promising solution for energy efficient computing in the data center.
Integrative analysis on histopathological image for identifying cellular heterogeneity (2017)

This study has brought together image processing, clustering and spatial pattern analysis to quantitatively analyze hematoxylin and eosin-stained (H&E) tissue sections. A mixture of tumor and normal cells (intratumoral heterogeneity) as well as complex tissue architectures of most samples complicate the interpretation of their cytological profiles. To address these challenges, we develop a simple but effective methodology for quantitative analysis for H&E section. We adopt comparative analyses of spatial point patterns to characterize spatial distribution of different nuclei types and complement cellular characteristics analysis. We demonstrate that tumor and normal cell regions exhibit significant differences of lymphocytes spatial distribution or lymphocyte infiltration pattern.
Perturbation analysis of catalytic current at a rotating disk electrode (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPerturbation analysis of catalytic current at a rotating disk electrodeYu Po Lin, Han Wu, and J. Robert SelmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 7, 1189–1194Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00103a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00103a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A new synthesis of pyrroles from nitroalkenes (1985)

Nitroalkenes, or their β-acetoxynitro precursors, react with α-isocyanoacetate esters in the presence of base to give high yields of 5-unsubstituted pyrroles; some important pyrroles are easily synthesised by this method.
Hydration of alite containing aluminium (2011)

AbstractThe most important phase in Portland cement is tricalcium silicate, which leads during its hydration to the nucleation and growth of calcium silicate hydrate [referred to as C–S–H, (CaO)x–SiO2–(H2O)y]. The development of this hydrate around the cement grains is responsible for the setting and hardening of cement pastes. The general term for designating the tricalcium silicate in cements is alite. This name relates to all polymorphs containing various foreign ions inserted in their structure. These ions may influence the intrinsic reactivity, and once released during the dissolution, they may interact also with C–S–H. One of the most likely species to be inserted in the alite structure is aluminium. In order to investigate if aluminium plays an important role in C3S reactivity, alite containing 0·1 wt-% aluminium has been synthesised. Alite hydration was followed and compared with pure tricalcium silicate one. The ion concentration evolution at a very early age shows the formation of a C–S–H containing aluminium ions, and it has been evidenced that this hydrate does not act as nuclei to C–S–H growth that induces a delay before acceleration of hydration commonly named ‘dormant period’.
Phase variable restrictionâmodification systems inMoraxella catarrhalis (2002)

A repetitive DNA motif was used as a marker to identify novel genes in the mucosal pathogen Moraxella catarrhalis. There is a high prevalence of such repetitive motifs in virulence genes that display phase variable expression. Two repeat containing loci were identified using a digoxigenin-labelled 5'-(CAAC)6-3' oligonucleotide probe. The repeats are located in the methylase components of two distinct type III restriction-modification (R-M) systems. We suggest that the phase variable nature of these R-M systems indicates that they have an important role in the biology of M. catarrhalis.