gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective online large-group teaching in health professions education (2022)

Online large-group teaching (OLGT), employed to reach a large group of learners in separate physical locations, allows asynchronous learning and facilitates social distancing. While online large-groups can be a powerful and resource-lean means of health professions education, it has challenges and potential pitfalls that may affect the learning process and outcomes. Through a sociomateriality framework, this article describes strategies for effective online large-group teaching in health professions education in three key strands. Firstly, to optimize learning, OLGT sessions should match learning needs with appropriate OLGT platforms, incorporate strategies to sustain learner attention, and accommodate learners of different abilities. Secondly, to develop a learning culture, OLGT must not only focus on cognitive aspects of learning but also build a community of practice, nurture digital professionalism and professional identity. Thirdly, we discuss the avoidance of pitfalls such as cognitive overload of both tutors and learners, technical issues and security risks, mitigating inequities in access to online learning, and the use of program evaluation to plan for sustained improvements. We conclude with a case vignette that discusses the challenges of OLGT and the application of the above strategies in a teaching scenario.
A Comprehensive Approach to Sequence-oriented IsomiR annotation (CASMIR): demonstration with IsomiR profiling in colorectal neoplasia (2018)

Studying miRNAs at the isomiR level could reveal new insight into miRNA biology and inform assay design for specific isomiRs. CASMIR facilitates comprehensive annotation of isomiR features in small RNA sequencing data for isomiR profiling and differential expression analysis.
Comparison of Various Parasympathomimetics for Production of Cholinergic Atrial Fibrillation (2006)

Restricted accessAbstractFirst published January 2006Comparison of Various Parasympathomimetics for Production of Cholinergic Atrial FibrillationL. Rougée, M.M. Mower, […], P.R. Brown, and G.K. Ostrander+1-1View all authors and affiliationsVolume 54, Issue 1_supplhttps://doi.org/10.1177/108155890605401S106
Soladigm DOE Final Scientific/Technical Report (2011)

Soladigm's research has produced a fundamental improvement in the technology for dynamic windows by successfully transitioning a low-cost, high-performance dynamic glass fabrication process from a simple 2" research prototype into a full-scale manufacturing environment capable of producing commercial dynamic insulated glass units (IGUs), and developing and optimizing the production process to meet all specifications for mass commercial production. The technology developed under this project is a revolutionary process for fabricating electrochromic glass that today exceeds DOE's 2020 performance and reliability targets at a compelling consumer price point. Before this project, we had demonstrated 2" prototypes using our deposition process that met these performance targets. The goal of this project was to prove that we could transition this lab-scale process to a scalable, "inline" manufacturing process, leveraging existing manufacturing tools capable of achieving a commercially attractive pricepoint in the near-term. Under this project we demonstrated the technical effectiveness of our manufacturing process by achieving or exceeding all of our technical and performance targets for inline fabrication of electrochromic IGUs. These performance specifications exceed DOE's 2020 performance and reliability targets. We also demonstrated the economic feasibility of our manufacturing process by reaching an initial production process that will achieve our target costs, which are compatible with mass adoption.
Superiority of a novel EGFR targeted covalent inhibitor over its reversible counterpart in overcoming drug resistance (2012)

Recently, the importance of targeted covalent inhibitors in addressing potency, selectivity and drug resistance has become of great interest, especially in the area of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although several covalent EGFR TKIs that are advancing in NSCLC clinical development are active against mutations which are refractory to the reversible TKI drugs Tarceva and Iressa, limited chemical diversity has been explored; all of the irreversible and reversible clinical compounds share the same quinazoline scaffold. We describe the design of a novel pyrimidine-based irreversible inhibitor of EGFR (CNX17) which is active against both the WT EGFR as well as the resistance mutation L858R/T790M in biochemical assays. The inhibitor is also a potent inhibitor of EGFR signaling, including the L858R/T790M resistance mutation in cells (H1975 cell line, EC50 441 nM). Importantly, it also potently inhibits proliferation in both HCC827 (EGFRΔ746–750 EC50 < 5 nM) and H1975 (EC50 134 nM). This novel chemical scaffold may be an important addition to the armamentarium in overcoming drug resistance to current EGFR therapies.
New tuberculosis drug leads from naturally occurring compounds (2017)

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a significant cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. An estimated 2 billion individuals are infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis and annually there are approximately 10 million new cases of clinical TB and 1.5 million deaths. Currently available drugs and vaccines have had no significant impact on TB control. In addition, the emergence of drug resistant TB is considered a public health crisis, with some strains now resistant to all available drugs. Unfortunately, the growing burden of antibiotic resistance is coupled with decreased effort in the development of new antibiotics. Natural sources are attractive starting points in the search for anti-tubercular drugs because they are extremely rich in chemical diversity and have privileged antimicrobial activity. This review will discuss recent advances in the development of TB drug leads from natural products, with a particular focus on anti-mycobacterial compounds in late-stage preclinical and clinical development.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE ANTILEUKEMIC AGENTS 5,10‐DIDEAZAAMINOPTERIN AND 5,10‐DIDEAZA‐5,6,7,8‐TETRAHYDROAMINOPTERIN (1985)

Abstract Über den Ester (V) erhält man die Verbindungen (VI), von denen die Diamine in vivo ausgezeichnet gegen L1 210‐Leukämie wirksam sind.
The Effect of Dicynene on Blood Loss during and after Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (1975)

Summary The effect of Dicynene on blood loss during and after transurethral resection for benign enlargement of the prostate was studied in 76 patients. Median loss of blood at operation was 17 ml in those given Dicynene compared with 72 ml in the placebo group (p = &lt; 0·001). Median postoperative blood loss was 38 ml in the Dicynene group, and 103 ml in the placebo group (p = 0·05). Clinical evidence of deep vein thrombosis was found in neither group. Dicynene helps to reduce blood loss in transurethral resection.
Visual guidance of a small mobile robot using active, biologically-inspired, eye movements (2002)

We introduce and implement a way of processing visual motion, which is directly inspired by the functional features of insects' visual systems. Rather than focusing on the computational performances of visual processing, alternative ways of detecting visual cues involving controlled eye movements are investigated. In this case, we show that the combination of retinal/eye movements significantly enhances the visual perception of motion for a sighted observer. The two kinds of eye movements introduced are: 1) pulsed retinal scanning, and 2) visually-guided eye rotations. Pulsed retinal scanning helps the eye to detect visual contrasts with enhanced reliability by increasing the S/N ratio of early visual signals. Rotations of the eye help a moving observer to maintain a continuous visual contact with obstacles while tracking their motion using pulses of retinal scanning. A direct demonstration of the performances has been implemented on a prototype eye, that successfully guides the motion of HECTOR, a small mobile platform, autonomously and in real-time.
Towards Solving Multimodal Comprehension (2021)

This paper targets the problem of procedural multimodal machine comprehension (M3C). This task requires an AI to comprehend given steps of multimodal instructions and then answer questions. Compared to vanilla machine comprehension tasks where an AI is required only to understand a textual input, procedural M3C is more challenging as the AI needs to comprehend both the temporal and causal factors along with multimodal inputs. Recently Yagcioglu et al. [35] introduced RecipeQA dataset to evaluate M3C. Our first contribution is the introduction of two new M3C datasets- WoodworkQA and DecorationQA with 16K and 10K instructional procedures, respectively. We then evaluate M3C using a textual cloze style question-answering task and highlight an inherent bias in the question answer generation method from [35] that enables a naive baseline to cheat by learning from only answer choices. This naive baseline performs similar to a popular method used in question answering- Impatient Reader [6] that uses attention over both the context and the query. We hypothesized that this naturally occurring bias present in the dataset affects even the best performing model. We verify our proposed hypothesis and propose an algorithm capable of modifying the given dataset to remove the bias elements. Finally, we report our performance on the debiased dataset with several strong baselines. We observe that the performance of all methods falls by a margin of 8% - 16% after correcting for the bias. We hope these datasets and the analysis will provide valuable benchmarks and encourage further research in this area.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Oxide‐Promoted Pauson‐Khand Cyclizations at Room Temperature. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High n-type and p-type conductivities and power factors achieved in a single conjugated polymer (2023)

The charge transport properties of conjugated polymers are commonly limited by the energetic disorder. Recently, several amorphous conjugated polymers with planar backbone conformations and low energetic disorder have been investigated for applications in field-effect transistors and thermoelectrics. However, there is a lack of strategy to finely tune the interchain π-π contacts of these polymers that severely restricts the energetic disorder of interchain charge transport. Here, we demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve excellent conductivity and thermoelectric performance in polymers based on thiophene-fused benzodifurandione oligo(<i>p</i>-phenylenevinylene) through reducing the crystallization rate of side chains and, in this way, carefully controlling the degree of interchain π-π contacts. N-type (p-type) conductivities of more than 100 S cm<sup>-1</sup> (400 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) and power factors of more than 200 μW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> (100 μW m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup>) were achieved within a single polymer doped by different dopants. It further demonstrated the state-of-the-art power output of the first flexible single-polymer thermoelectric generator.
Layer-specific ultrasound elastography using a multi-layered shear wave dispersion model for assessing the viscoelastic properties (2020)

Mechanical properties of biological tissues are significant biomarkers for diagnosing various diseases. Assessing the viscoelastic properties of multi-layer tissues has remained challenging for a long time. Some shear wave models have been proposed to estimate thin-layer tissues' viscoelasticity recently. However, the potential applications of these models are highly restricted since few biological tissues are single-layered. Here we proposed a multi-layer model for layer-specific viscoelasticity estimation of biological tissues. Integrating the theoretical model and ultrasonic micro-elastography imaging system, the viscoelasticity of both layers was assessed. Dual-layer phantoms and ex vivo porcine eyes were used to verify the proposed model. Results obtained from the mechanical test and shear wave rheological model using bulk phantoms were provided as validation criteria. The representative phantom had two layers with elastic moduli of 1.6 ± 0.2 kPa and 18.3 ± 1.1 kPa, and viscosity moduli of 0.56 ± 0.16 Pa·s and 2.11 ± 0.28 Pa·s, respectively. The estimated moduli using the proposed model were 1.3 ± 0.2 kPa and 16.20 ± 1.8 kPa, and 0.80 ± 0.31 Pa·s and 1.87 ± 0.67 Pa·s, more consistent with the criteria (one-tailed t-test, p < 0.1). By contrast, other methods, including the group velocity method and single-layer Rayleigh-Lamb model, generate significant errors in their estimates. For the ex vivo porcine eye, the estimated viscoelasticity was 23.2 ± 8.3 kPa and 1.0 ± 0.4 Pa·s in the retina, and 158.0 ± 17.6 kPa and 1.2 ± 0.4 Pa·s in the sclera. This study demonstrated the potential of the proposed method to significantly improve accuracy and expand clinical applications of shear wave elastography.
Development of bioplastics based on agricultural side‐stream products: Film extrusion of Crambe abyssinica/wheat gluten blends for packaging purposes (2015)

ABSTRACT The purpose of this work was to add economic value to crambe meal, the protein‐rich byproduct from the industrial extraction of Crambe abyssinica seed oil, by using it as a potential feedstock for oilseed meal‐based plastics. The feasibility to produce continuous, flexible plastic films of glycerol‐plasticized crambe meal blended with wheat gluten (WG) to improve extrudate properties and urea as a protein denaturant using extrusion was investigated. The effect of process parameters and blend composition were studied with regard to the extrusion performance and the film properties. Tensile properties and oxygen permeability were determined, and the film morphology was analyzed with scanning electron microscopy. A die temperature between 125 and 130°C resulted in films with the most homogeneous surfaces and highest tensile strength and extensibility. The use of compression molding after extrusion improved the surface quality and film strength and lowered the oxygen permeability. A decrease in the plasticizer content (from 30 to 20 wt %) improved the extrudability and showed the highest tensile strength, whereas the extensibility was essentially unaffected. The importance of the presence of WG was shown by the fact that strength and extensibility decreased when the crambe content was increased from 60 to 80 wt %. It was shown that crambe‐based biopolymer blends could be extruded as continuous flexible plastic films that exhibited promising mechanical and oxygen barrier properties. The operational window was, however, found to be narrow. The results provide a first basis to further develop the process and the blend toward industrial applications, for example, as packaging materials. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 42442.
One‐Pot Synthesis of New Symmetric and Asymmetric Xanthene Dyes. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Artificial neural network based digital temperature compensation method for aluminum nitride MEMS resonators (2017)

This paper reports on the demonstration of an effective use of an artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm for the implementation of a digital temperature compensation method (DTCM) for aluminum nitride (AlN) MEMS resonators. This method resulted in an improved frequency-temperature stability (14 ppm from -40 °C to +80 °C with respect to 100 ppm when using a resistive-feedback control circuit), while consuming very low ovenization power (as low as 390 μW over the same temperature range). To our knowledge, this implementation exhibits the highest figure of merit (product of oven gain times temperature range and 1/power consumption) ever demonstrated for any ovenized MEMS resonators. Interestingly, the same technique can be used to compensate for fabrication-induced frequency variations, hence eliminating the need for trimming.
Cartilage-inspired superelastic ultradurable graphene aerogels prepared by the selective gluing of intersheet joints (2016)

Correction for 'Cartilage-inspired superelastic ultradurable graphene aerogels prepared by the selective gluing of intersheet joints' by Jin-Yong Hong, et al., Nanoscale, 2016, DOI: 10.1039/c6nr01986b.
Associated characteristics and impact on recurrence and survival of free-floating tumor fragments in the lumen of fallopian tubes in Type I and Type II endometrial cancer (2018)

The presence of floaters is rare. Floaters were generally associated with more extensive disease, but no evidence was found to show any independent prognostic impact on risk of recurrence or death. In agreement with prior research, this study found a trend towards association of floaters with laparoscopic/robotic approach, indicating the possibility of floaters sometimes being the result of trauma from uterine manipulator insertion.
Logicist Computational Cognitive Modeling of Infinitary False Belief Tasks. (2019)

We synoptically describe having achieved the unprecedentedlogicist cognitive computational simulation of quantified ver-sions of any n-level (FBTn, ∀n ∈ N) false-belief task, andhence of what we call the infinitary false-belief task (FBTω);the achievement is enabled by the automated reasoner Shad-owProver. Logicist cognitive computational simulation of thelevel-one (or, as it’s currently known, “first-order”) false-belieftask (FBT1) was achieved circa 2007 by Bringsjord et al. Butsubsequently cognitive science has seen the arrival such mod-eling and simulation successfully applied to the second-orderfalse-belief task (FBT2); see e.g. (Blackburn &amp;amp; Polyanskaya,forthcoming). (This is the level-two FBT in our hierarchy oftasks.) But now, courtesy of what we report, logicist cognitivecomputational simulation of any FBTn is accomplished for thefirst time, and hence the infinitary false-belief task (FBTω) isreached as well
Control of Fractional Delay Effect for SC Transmission in Beyond 5G Networks (2022)

Wireless networks beyond 5G are expected to support a wide range of applications and use cases, and single-carrier (SC) based wireless technologies have been considered in the literature as a suitable solution for high-frequency bands and latency-critical applications. However, SC systems experience severe performance degradation under multipath wireless channels. In a realistic scenario, wireless channels can cause fractional delays that introduce devastating self-interference into the system. Therefore, in this paper, we present an extended channel model that considers pulse shaping and fractional delay. Moreover, we use the proposed model to analyze the performance of the SC transmission scheme with a root-raised-cosine (RRC) pulse shape over a fractional delay channel. In this context, we propose a flexible system design with the aid of the exhaustive search method to control the effect of self-interference on SC in the presence of a fractional delay wireless channel. Lastly, we provide bit error rate results (BER) to validate the accuracy of the proposed compensator for SC systems in practical scenarios.
Reversible Gap Derivatives and Their Integration (2016)

Higher-order gap derivatives are sometimes avoided as a preprocessing method for multivariate calibration despite their numerous advantages. One reason that they are avoided is the difficulty in interpreting the complex processed spectra and the regression vectors that arise from common calibration procedures like principal components regression or partial least squares regression. In this report we offer a method of calculating gap derivatives of any order with the aim of retrieving zero-order spectral information via numerical integration. This method is also extended to the integration of the accompanying regression vectors to aid in the interpretation of multivariate calibration models.
Optimal Control of Direct Driven Feed Axes with Flexible Structural Components (2007)

In this paper we provide formulas for the controller gain for the velocity control of direct driven feed axes with flexible structural components. Our mathematical setting covers two general classes of structural flexibilities. For the first class we present a formula for the damping optimum, for the second a formula for the stability bound. Both formulas are algebraically exact. They are proved using the algebraic approach provided by Grobner bases. In addition, the formulas are shown to fit well to experimental data from the different drives of a machine tool manipulator.
Towards a controlled patterning of 10 nm silicon gates in high density plasmas (2005)

This article demonstrates that a 10 nm isolated silicon pattern on a very thin gate can be achieved if the plasma parameters and chemistry that impact the critical dimension (CD) control are well understood. The parameters investigated are the passivation layers that form on the silicon gate sidewalls which directly impact the CD control, the nature of the mask used during the gate process (resist mask or SiO2 hard mask), the charging effects developed when the plasma lands on a thin gate oxide.
Drug conjugation to hyaluronan widens therapeutic indications for ovarian cancer (2015)

Management of ovarian cancer still requires improvements in therapeutic options. A drug delivery strategy was tested that allows specific targeting of tumor cells in combination with a controlled release of a cytotoxic molecule. To this aim, the efficacy of a loco-regional intraperitoneal treatment with a bioconjugate (ONCOFID-S) derived by chemical linking of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan (CPT-11), to hyaluronan was assessed in a mouse model of ovarian carcinomatosis. In vitro, the bioconjugate selectively interacted with ovarian cancer cells through the CD44 receptor, disclosed a dose-dependent tumor growth inhibition efficacy comparable to that of free SN-38 drug, and inhibited Topoisomerase I function leading to apoptosis by a mechanism involving caspase-3 and -7 activation and PARP cleavage. In vivo, the intraperitoneal administration of ONCOFID-S in tumor-bearing mice did not induce inflammation, and evidenced an improved therapeutic efficacy compared with CPT-11. In conclusion, SN-38 conjugation to hyaluronan significantly improved the profile of in vivo tolerability and widened the field of application of irinotecan. Therefore, this approach can be envisaged as a promising therapeutic strategy for loco-regional treatment of ovarian cancer.
Peakedness Characterization in Teletraffic (1998)

The bursty nature of traffic over many time scales is one of the most challenging characteristics of high speed networks. In this paper we deal with the generalized peakedness as a promising candidate measure of this poorly understood phenomenon. An extension of the framework of the theory of generalized peakedness in discrete time with the applications for the most important traffic models are developed and the results are demonstrated in the paper. A new model fitting technique is also given in this framework with examples. Finally, the engineering aspects of the measurement of peakedness and applications for various real traffic (MPEG video, aggregated ATM, Ethernet) are presented.