gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling trichloroethylene degradation by a recombinant pseudomonad expressing tolueneortho-monooxygenase in a fixed-film bioreactor (1998)

Burkholderia cepacia PR123(TOM23C), expressing constitutively the TCE-degrading enzyme toluene ortho-monooxygenase (Tom), was immobilized on SIRAN™ glass beads in a biofilter for the degradation and mineralization of gas-phase trichloroethylene (TCE). To interpret the experimental results, a mathematical model has been developed which includes axial dispersion, convection, film mass-transfer, and biodegradation coupled with deactivation of the TCE-degrading enzyme. Parameters used for numerical simulation were determined from either independent experiments or values reported in the literature. The model was compared with the experimental data, and there was good agreement between the predicted and measured TCE breakthrough curves. The simulations indicated that TCE degradation in the biofilter was not limited by mass transfer of TCE or oxygen from the gas phase to the liquid/biofilm phase (biodegradation limits), and predicts that improving the specific TCE degradation rates of bacteria will not significantly enhance long-term biofilter performance. The most important factors for prolonging the performance of biofilter are increasing the amount of active biomass and the transformation capacity (enhancing resistance to TCE metabolism). © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:40–51, 1998.
Numerical and experimental study of blood flow through a patient-specific arteriovenous fistula used for hemodialysis (2009)

Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) pathologies related to blood flow necessitate valid calculation tools for local velocity and wall shear stress determination to overcome the clinical diagnostic limits. To illustrate this issue, a reconstructed patient-specific AVF was investigated, using computational fluid dynamics (CFDs) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). The aim of this study was to validate the methodology from medical images to numerical simulations of an AVF by comparing numerical and experimental data. Two numerical grids were presented with a refinement difference of a factor of four. A mold of the same volume was created and mounted on an experimental bench with similar boundary conditions. The patient's acquired echo D006Fppler flow waveform was injected at the arterial inlet. Experimental and numerical velocity vector cartography qualitatively produced similar flow fields. Quantification with a point-to-point approach thoroughly investigated the velocity profiles using the mean difference between both results. The finest mesh generated CFD results with a mean percentage of the difference in velocity magnitude, taking the PIV as reference, did not exceed 10%. At specific zones, the coarse mesh required adaptive meshing to improve fitting with experimental data. Meshing refinement was necessary to improve velocity accuracy at wide diameters and wall shear stress at narrow diameters. Provided that these criteria were properly respected, we show through this difficult example the validity of using CFD to properly describe flow patterns in image-based reconstructed blood vessels.
IBA-1 staining showed significantly different macrophage morphology between 670 nm and control groups. (2013)

&lt;p&gt;A–D. RPE flat mounts labelled with IBA-1 (green) to identify macrophages. After 14 days of treatment with 670 nm light these cells had significantly altered morphology over a range of metrics. E. Number of IBA-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells per eye was measured; there was a reduction in the number of macrophages following treatment, but this was not statistically significant. F,G. Dendritic process length and area were significantly increased by 670 nm light (27%, 28% respectively) following treatment (p = 0.0001 for each). H. The distance between macrophages was measured from nucleus of one cell to its nearest neighbour, which also showed a significant increase (p = 0.0001). I. Not only were the 670 nm treated cells larger they also had more primary processes (p = 0.05). J. Even though these cells had a greater dendritic field and territory they had smaller cell bodies in comparison to controls (p = 0.05). Abbreviations, retinal pigmented epithelial (RPE), ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (IBA-1), macrophages (mφ). Scale bars A, B = 40 µm, C,D = 20 µm.&lt;/p&gt;
Minimal Input and Output Selection for Stability of Systems With Uncertainties (2018)

In networked control systems, selecting a subset of input and output nodes is a crucial step in designing a stabilizing controller. Most existing approaches to input and output selection focus on nominal systems with known parameters. For systems with uncertainties and time delays, current selection methods are based on exploiting the convexity after relaxing the original problem, which is inherently discrete, to continuous optimization forms, and hence lack optimality guarantees. This paper studies the problem of identifying the minimum-size sets of input and output nodes to guarantee stability of a linear system with uncertainties and time delays. We derive sufficient conditions to guarantee the existence of a stabilizing controller for an uncertain linear system, based on a subset of system modes lying within the controllability and observability subspaces induced by the selected inputs and outputs. We then formulate the problems of selecting minimum-size sets of input and output nodes to satisfy the derived conditions, and prove that they are equivalent to discrete optimization problems with bounded submodularity ratios. We develop polynomial-time selection algorithms with provable guarantees on the minimum number of inputs and outputs required. Our approach is applicable to various types of uncertainties, including additive uncertainty, multiplicative uncertainty, uncertain output delay, and structured uncertainty. In a numerical study, we test our approach for the wide-area damping control in power systems to ensure small signal stability. Our results are validated on the IEEE 39-bus test power system.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyketomycin, a New Antibiotic from Streptomyces sp. MK277‐AF1. Part 2. Structure Determination. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Very High Performance Organic Photonic Devices (2008)

Abstract : The objective was to demonstrate very high efficiency, low cost organic solar cells on flexible substrates based on vapor-deposited thin film organic semiconductors. Our goal is to obtain solar power conversion efficiencies of >10% -- a value without precedent in over 30 years of science and engineering targeted at achieving practical organic solar energy conversion devices. A further objective is to demonstrate an electrically pumped organic thin film laser, again based on vapor-deposited molecular organic materials. The motivation for this investigation is the temperature independent wavelength and threshold characteristics of organic lasers. We will pursue two very promising and innovative approaches: employing high Q cavities where electrically pumped polaritons are generated, and the use of high intensity OLEDs to pump a low threshold light emitting film positioned in an integrated optical cavity.
Pharmacokinetics of gallium maltolate after intragastric administration in neonatal foals (2007)

Gallium maltolate administered via nasogastric tube at a dose of 20 mg/kg to neonatal foals resulted in gallium serum concentrations considered sufficient to suppress growth or kill Rhodococcus equi in macrophages and other infected tissues.
Robust Tool Wear Estimation With Radial Basis Function Neural Networks (1995)

In this paper, a unified method for constructing dynamic models for tool wear from prior experiments is proposed. The model approximates flank and crater wear propagation and their effects on cutting force using radial basis function neural networks. Instead of assuming a structure for the wear model and identifying its parameters, only an approximate model is obtained in terms of radial basis functions. The appearance of parameters in a linear fashion motivates a recursive least squares training algorithm. This results in a model which is available as a monitoring tool for online application. Using the identified model, a state estimator is designed based on the upperbound covariance matrix. This filter includes the errors in modeling the wear process, and hence reduces filter divergence. Simulations using the neural network for different cutting conditions show good results. Addition of pseudo noise during state estimation is used to reflect inherent process variabilities. Estimation of wear under these conditions is also shown to be accurate. Simulations performed using experimental data similarly show good results. Finally, experimental implementation of the wear monitoring system reveals a reasonable ability of the proposed monitoring scheme to track flank wear.
Triazolopeptides: Chirospecific Synthesis and cis/trans Prolyl Ratios of Structural Isomers. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Homocysteine-lowering Treatment in Reduction of Stroke and Coronary Vascular Risk—Do Not Give Up (2009)

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A Stacked CMOS Image Sensor With Array-Parallel ADC Architecture (2018)

This paper presents a 4.1 megapixel, 280 frames/s, back-illuminated, stacked, global shutter (GS) CMOS image sensor with array-parallel analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architecture for region-control applications. The sensor solves an image distortion problem caused by rolling shutter in a pixel sub-array by utilizing a floating diffusion (FD) memory to implement GS operation. A newly developed circuit technique, the combination of active reset and frame correlated double sampling (CDS) operation, cancels Vth variation of pixel amplifier transistors as well as kTC noise. The active reset scheme suppresses output voltage variation of the pixel source follower. The chip supports 24-dB analog gain using a single-slope ADC and achieves 2.4e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> rms readout noise in the FD-memory-based GS. An intelligent sensor system with face detection derived from low-resolution images triggering high-resolution region-of-interest (ROI) output has been demonstrated with significantly reduced data bandwidth and low ADC power dissipation by utilizing the flexible area access function.
Detection of condensed-phase explosives via laser-induced vaporization, photodissociation, and resonant excitation (2008)

We investigate the remote detection of explosives via a technique that vaporizes and photodissociates the condensed-phase material and detects the resulting vibrationally excited NO fragments via laser-induced fluorescence. The technique utilizes a single 7 ns pulse of a tunable laser near 236.2 nm to perform these multiple processes. The resulting blue-shifted fluorescence (226 nm) is detected using a photomultiplier and narrowband filter that strongly block the scatter of the pump laser off the solid media while passing the shorter wavelength photons. Various nitro-bearing compounds, including 2,6-dinitrotoluene (DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX) were detected with a signal-to-noise of 25 dB. The effects of laser fluence, wavelength, and sample morphology were examined.
Sensitization of Renal Carcinoma to Radiation Using Alpha Interferon (IFNA) Gene Transfection (1997)

The rationale for this study was that local delivery of interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) by gene transfection may be of value during radiotherapy. To investigate the feasibility of this approach, cells of the human renal carcinoma cell line R11 were transfected with the IFNA gene and evaluated for radiation responses in vitro by clonogenic assays. R11 cells expressing IFN-alpha after gene transfection were more sensitive to radiation than R11 control cells (SF2 = 0.33 and 0.51, respectively). In addition to increasing radiosensitivity, IFNA gene transfection slowed cellular growth and reduced the plating efficiency in clonogenic assays. The addition of exogenous rhIFN-alpha to cells at different times relative to irradiation showed that its presence during the postirradiation period was critical for radiosensitization, but repair of sublethal damage did not seem to be affected. No apoptosis of R11 cells was found 1-5 days after exposure to 2-25 Gy with or without IFN-alpha. Extensive formation of multinuclear giant cells was present beginning 2 days after irradiation; however, IFN-alpha did not cause any major alterations in the yield of radiation-induced giant cells. These studies suggest that gene transfection might be an effective means of delivering IFN-alpha for clinical use in radiotherapy of cancer.
Accelerated diabetic neuropathy in axons without neurofilaments (2004)

Diabetic neuropathy is characterized by slowing of conduction velocity and axonal atrophy. Both of these cardinal features of neuropathy might be linked to impaired neurofilament investment of axons. Since neurofilaments form the critical structural latticework of axons, their importance in neuropathy is of interest. We tested directly the relationship of neurofilaments to diabetic neuropathy by superimposing streptozotocin-generated diabetes on a unique but viable transgenic mouse described by Eyer and Peterson. These mice express a fusion protein in which the carboxyl terminus of the high molecular weight neurofilament protein (Nf-H) was replaced by beta-galactosidase, in turn blocking normal neurofilament export and rendering axons completely lacking neurofilaments. Despite similar levels of hyperglycaemia, diabetic mice lacking neurofilaments developed progressive slowing of conduction velocity in their motor and sensory fibres between 4 and 8 weeks after the onset of diabetes (P < 0.05), unlike diabetic mice with normal neurofilaments, who developed only mild evidence of neuropathy over the same time-frame. Diabetic mice without neurofilaments, but not those with neurofilaments, had a progressive decline in the amplitude of the caudal nerve compound action potential and there were trends toward increased axonal atrophy in diabetics lacking neurofilaments. Single daily doses of insulin that restored normoglycaemia (0.1 IU subcutaneous insulin daily 5 of 7 days weekly for 4 weeks) reversed conduction slowing and restored sensory axon calibre. Our findings indicate that abnormalities in neurofilament export or transport alone cannot account for features of diabetic neuropathy. Instead, neurofilaments may allow axons to better resist the ravages of diabetes. Our findings also confirm the impact of insulin on reversing the phenotype.
Prostate Cancer Diagnosis on Repeat Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Transrectal Ultrasound Fusion Biopsy of Benign Lesions: Recommendations for Repeat Sampling (2016)

Pathologically benign multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging lesions on initial image guided fusion biopsy are rarely found to harbor clinically significant prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. When prostate cancer was identified, most disease was low risk. An increase in lesion diameter was an independent predictor of prostate cancer detection. While these data are retrospective, they may provide some confidence in the reliability of negative initial image guided fusion biopsies despite a positive multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging finding.
Regularized Reconstruction of Nonnegative Images Degraded by a Point-spread Function with a Band-limited Transfer Function (1989)

In the reconstruction of images obtained from diffraction-limited optical systems such as two and three-dimensional light microscopic images, the observed image can be modeled as the convolution of the actual image with a point spread function, whose transfer function is band limited [1]. In addition, such images are contaminated by additive noise, whose signal to noise ratio we assume can be estimated. To obtain a reconstruction which contains information about the actual images in the frequency region where the optical transfer function is zero, additional constraints, such as positivity must be imposed [2].
45‐4: Approach for Attaining Short Exciton Lifetime in Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters (2017)

We report an approach to achieve short delayed fluorescence exciton lifetime in efficient green and blue thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters. The synthesized TADF emitters show small singlet‐triplet energy splitting, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and proper charge transfer characteristics, resulting in short delayed fluorescence exciton lifetime. The fabricated organic light emitting diodes with green and deep blue TADF emitters display maximum external quantum efficiency of 31.4% and 22.5%, respectively, and significantly low efficiency roll‐off characteristics.
Effects of Intra-Aortic Balloon Counterpulsation on Cardiac Performance, Oxygen Consumption, and Coronary Blood Flow in Dogs (1970)

The effect of intra-aortic Counterpulsation (IACP) with a balloon upon myocardial oxygen consumption (MV · o 2 ), coronary blood flow (TCF), and left ventricular performance was studied in 23 anesthetized canine right heart bypass preparations at constant heart rate and cardiac output. In nonhypotensive, nonTCF-limited preparations, IACP produced a fall in left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVP) and a decrease in MV · o 2 (-1.1 ± 0.2 (SE) ml/min/100 g LV). In these animals there was little steady state change in TCF (-5.6±5.9 ml/min), secondary to autoregulation by the coronary vascular bed. Left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) fell if elevated but exhibited little change if initially normal. However, in hypotensive preparations, in which left ventricular performance was substantially limited by a decreased TCF, IACP produced a striking increase in TCF (+40.9 ± 8.6 ml/min) accompanied by an increase in MV · o 2 (+1.2±0.3 ml/min/100 g LV). Elevated LVEDPs fell substantially toward normal. Directionally similar changes in LVEDP could be produced by increasing TCF alone in the absence of balloon pumping. When TCF was maintained constant in the hypotensive, TCF-limited preparation, IACP produced a fall in peak LVP and LVEDP. These data document two effects of intra-aortic balloon Counterpulsation upon cardiac dynamics: (1) IACP can decrease left ventricular peak systolic pressure and LVEDP independent of changes in coronary flow; (2) a major effect of IACP in the hypotensive, failing, TCF-limited preparation is to improve cardiac performance by increasing TCF with an associated increase in MV · o 2 .
Improved Delivery of Caffeic Acid through Liposomal Encapsulation (2016)

Photoageing resulting from long term exposure of the skin to UV light can be minimized by scavenging the reactive photochemical intermediates with antioxidants. For effective photoprotection, the antioxidant must overcome the barrier properties of the skin and reach the target site in significant amounts. The present study aims to improve the skin penetration of caffeic acid, a very effective free radical scavenger, by encapsulating in liposomes. Caffeic acid loaded liposomes prepared using the reverse phase evaporation technique showed 70% encapsulation efficiency and size around 100 nm with zeta potential of −55 mV. In vitro diffusion through a dialysis membrane enabled 70% release of encapsulated caffeic acid within 7 h, whereas 95% of free caffeic acid diffused within 4 h in PBS solution (pH 7.4). Liposomal caffeic acid permeation through pig skin epidermis in a Franz cell apparatus was 45 % during 7 h. In contrast, free caffeic acid was almost nonpermeable (&lt;5%) to pig skin during this time. The DPPH assay indicated that skin penetration did not destroy the antioxidant activity of liposomal caffeic acid or free caffeic acid. In conclusion, we confirm that liposomal caffeic acid may be successfully employed as an effective photoprotective agent against UV mediated skin damage.
Subspace Fitting Meets Regression: The Effects of Supervision and Orthonormality Constraints on Double Descent of Generalization Errors (2020)

We study the linear subspace fitting problem in the overparameterized setting, where the estimated subspace can perfectly interpolate the training examples. Our scope includes the least-squares solutions to subspace fitting tasks with varying levels of supervision in the training data (i.e., the proportion of input-output examples of the desired low-dimensional mapping) and orthonormality of the vectors defining the learned operator. This flexible family of problems connects standard, unsupervised subspace fitting that enforces strict orthonormality with a corresponding regression task that is fully supervised and does not constrain the linear operator structure. This class of problems is defined over a supervision-orthonormality plane, where each coordinate induces a problem instance with a unique pair of supervision level and softness of orthonormality constraints. We explore this plane and show that the generalization errors of the corresponding subspace fitting problems follow double descent trends as the settings become more supervised and less orthonormally constrained.