gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous and Discrete Inverse Conductivity Problems (2004)

Tomography using CT scans and MRI scans is now well-known as a medical diagnostic tool which allows for detection of tumors and other abnormalities in a noninvasive way, providing very detailed images of the inside of the body using low dosage X-rays and magnetic fields. They have both also been used for determination of material defects in moderate size objects. In medical and other applications they complement conventional tomography. There are many situations where one wants to monitor the electrical conductivity of different portions of an object, for instance, to find out whether a metal object, possibly large, has invisible cracks. This kind of tomography, usually called Electrical Impedance Tomography or EIT, has also medical applications like monitoring of blood flow. While CT and MRI are related to Euclidean geometry, EIT is closely related to hyperbolic geometry. A question that has arisen in the recent past is whether there is similar "tomographic" method to monitor the "health" of networks. Our objective is to explain how EIT ideas can in fact effectively be used in this context.
Prospective swallowing motion self-gating: a feasibility study in carotid artery wall MRI using 3D variable-flip-angle TSE (2012)

This preliminary study aimed to validate a self-gating method in combination with 3D TSE acquisition for gating swallowing motion. The effectiveness in reducing swallowing-related motion artifacts was demonstrated on healthy volunteers and patients.
<title>Electromechanical constitutive behavior of various compositions of PZT and PLZT</title> (1995)

A critical step in the design and development of large strain ceramic actuators is the choice of material and composition. The number of available materials is rapidly growing. It now includes the range of soft to hard PZTs, relaxor ferroelectric PLZT and PMN.PT, and electric field induced phase transformation materials PLSnZT. The development of new materials is leading to ever larger strain, but there is a catch that device designers should be aware of. In some systems increased strain is achieved by developing compositions near thermodynamically metastable states, resulting in temperature, stress, and frequency dependence of the strain/electric-field coupling. This work examines the behavior of several compositions of PZT and 8/65/35 PLZT under combined stress and electric field. Additional data is available for a relaxor ferroelectric composition 8/65/35 PLZT (Lynch 1993, 1994). The results show that the addition of dopants to increase hardness reduces the piezoelectric coefficients, but it also increases both the electrical and mechanical yield points. This allows operation over a broader electric field and stress range with less internal heating due to dielectric loss. The materials that produce the largest strain and the least hysteresis in the presence of compressive stress are not necessarily those with the largest piezoelectric d<SUB>333</SUB> coefficients.
Alpha-2 interferon therapy of hairy-cell leukemia: a multicenter study of 64 patients. (1986)

Sixty-four patients with hairy-cell leukemia (HCL) (61 had undergone prior splenectomy) were treated with alpha-2 interferon (Intron A, Schering Corp, Kenilworth, NJ) subcutaneously three times per week at a dosage of 2 X 10(6) U/m2. Three patients (5%) demonstrated a complete response (CR) with apparent eradication of hairy cells from the bone marrow, 45 patients (70%) showed a partial response (PR) defined as normalization of all three blood counts associated with decreased involvement in the bone marrow, and nine patients (14%) showed a minor response that included improvement in at least one blood count. Three patients had no response, three patients died before completing 1 month of therapy, and one patient refused further therapy after 1 month of therapy. The median platelet count returned to normal by the second month of treatment. The median hemoglobin returned to greater than 12 mg/dL by the fourth month of treatment, and the median granulocyte count to greater than 1,500/mu by the fifth month of treatment. Bone marrow biopsy analysis during interferon therapy demonstrated a decrease in median hairy-cell index by more than half. Transfusion of both RBCs and platelets were decreased within 4 months of initiating treatment. Serious infections, which averaged four per month in 16 of the 64 patients before interferon therapy, were rarely observed after the first month of treatment. Treatment-induced toxicity was mild, consisting primarily of influenza-like symptoms, fatigue, and minor skin disorders. Alpha-2 interferon therapy is highly effective in reversing the course of progressive HCL and should be considered the treatment of choice for a minimum of 12 months in patients who have progressive disease post-splenectomy.
Studying Real-time Traffic in Multi-hop Networks Using the EMANE Emulator: Capabilities and Limitations (2011)

In this paper, we provide an open-source software emulator setup for MANETs and study its fidelity in providing reliable performance estimates for real-time traffic. We emulate the IEEE 802.11 MAC/PHY (DCF) using the EMANE software emulator deployed on a cluster and run experiments for different mul
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS DIRECTLY ENHANCES MHC CLASS I AND INTERCELLULAR ADHESION MOLECULE-1 EXPRESSION ON CULTURED PROXIMAL TUBULAR EPITHELIAL CELLS (1993)

Clinically, there is an association between CMV infections and the occurrence of rejection after renal transplantation. Adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) and MHC Ags are thought to be important in the induction and amplification of the rejection process. Therefore, we studied ICAM-1 and MHC expression after CMV infection or stimulation with cytokines. Cultured proximal tubular epithelial cells (PTEC) were stimulated with cytokines or infected with CMV. MHC class I, class II, and ICAM-1 expression were determined by radioimmunoassay. IFN-gamma induced class II and ICAM-1 expression. Small concentrations of IFN-alpha inhibited the IFN-gamma induced class II expression. CMV-infected PTEC displayed increased levels of ICAM-1 and class I expression. This enhancement is a direct effect of the virus on the infected cells and not mediated by soluble factors. Although MHC class II expression is not directly enhanced by CMV, infected PTEC display a normal increase of class II expression after stimulation with IFN-gamma.
Intelligent adaptive control using multiple models (2002)

We develop a new intelligent adaptive control algorithm that is applicable to systems with large parameters variations and multiple operating modes. It uses a set of models, called the dynamic model bank, that guides the adaptation process. The dynamic model bank summarizes the parameters of the models that successfully approximate the plant. The model bank is automatically created and updated and does not call for an initial set of models. It uses a soft switching mechanism that provides a smooth transition from an interpolative to a pure "hard" switching scheme between the models in the bank. We also demonstrate the advantage of using this approach on several examples considering the control of systems with large parameter variations.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclocarboamination of Alkynes with Aziridines: Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydropyrroles by a Catalyzed Formal [3 + 2] Cycloaddition. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
BMP mRNA and protein expression in the developing mouse olfactory system (2002)

The bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) play fundamental roles during the organization of the central nervous system. The presence of these proteins has also been demonstrated in regions of the adult brain that are characterized by neural plasticity. In this study, we examined the expression of BMP4, 6, and 7 mRNAs and proteins in the murine olfactory system. The olfactory system is a useful model for studying cell proliferation and neural differentiation because both of these processes persist throughout life in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and olfactory bulb (OB). Our results demonstrate a differential expression of BMP4, 6, and 7 in the embryonic, postnatal, and adult olfactory system. In particular, BMP4 and BMP7 showed similar immunostaining patterns, being expressed in the olfactory region from the earliest stages studied (embryonic day 15.5) to adulthood. During development BMPs were expressed in the OE, olfactory bulb nerve layer, glomerular layer (GL), mitral cell layer (MCL), and subventricular zone. During the first postnatal week of life, BMP4 and 7 immunoreactivity (-ir) was particularly evident in the GL, MCL, and in the subependymal layer (SEL), which originates postnatally from the subventricular zone. In adults, BMP4 and 7 immunostaining was present in the GL and SEL. Within the SEL, BMP4 and 7 proteins were expressed primarily in association with the astrocytic glial compartment. BMP6-ir was always found in mature olfactory receptor neurons and their axonal projections to the OB. In summary, these data support the hypothesis that BMPs play a role in the morphogenesis of the olfactory system during development and in its plasticity during adulthood.
Insights into the mechanism of Alzheimer’s β-amyloid aggregation as a function of concentration by using atomic force microscopy (2012)

The size and shape of Alzheimer’s β-amyloid structures, as well as the kinetics of their self-assembly, exhibits a very pronounced dependence on concentration and environment. In the present study, we are reporting the direct observation of Aβ oligomers and fibrils assemblies using atomic force microscopy imaging in fluid environment. These results demonstrate that in the Aβ preparations at lower concentrations, predominant are the globular, smaller oligomers, while for higher concentrations, globular oligomers co-exist with higher molecular weight fibrillar structures. At higher concentrations, the fibril formation is a dynamic and continuous process, yielding amyloid fibrils with multiple structures and diameters.
Experience in Operating sFLASH With High-Gain Harmonic Generation (2017)

sFLASH, the experimental setup for external seeding of free-electron lasers (FEL) at FLASH, has been operated in the high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) mode. A detailed characterization of the laser-induced energy modulation, as well as the temporal characterization of the seeded FEL pulses is possible by using a transverse deflecting structure and an electron spectrometer. FEL saturation was reached for the 7th harmonic of the 266 nm seed laser. In this contribution, we present the latest experimental results.
An Information Flow Architecture for Global Smart Spaces (2010)

In this paper we describe an architecture which: Permits the deployment and execution of components in appropriate geographical locations. Provides security mechanisms that prevent misuse of the architecture. Supports a programming model that is familiar to application programmers. Permits installed components to share data. Permits the deployed components to communicate via communication channels. Provides evolution mechanisms permitting the dynamic rearrangement of inter-connection topologies the components that they connect. Supports the specification and deployment of distributed component deployments.
T-lymphocytes modulate the microvascular and inflammatory responses to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion. (2002)

These findings indicate that intestinal I/R is associated with the recruitment of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells, which is mediated by endothelial MAdCAM-1. T-cells seem to modulate the recruitment of neutrophils that occurs hours after reperfusion as well as the increased albumin extravasation that occurs within minutes after reperfusion.
Replication algorithms in a remote caching architecture (1993)

Studies the cache performance in a remote caching architecture. The authors develop a set of distributed object replication policies that are designed to implement different optimization goals. Each site is responsible for local cache decisions, and modifies cache contents in response to decisions made by other sites. The authors use the optimal and greedy policies as upper and lower bounds, respectively, for performance in this environment. Critical system parameters are identified, and their effect on system performance studied. Performance of the distributed algorithms is found to be close to optimal, while that of the greedy algorithms is far from optimal.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Solid Redox Polymerization Electrodes and Their Use in All-Solid-State Batteries (1990)

Abstract The dramatic proliferation of products based on semiconductor technology is a strong testament to the predictability and reliability of solid-state technology. In a similar vein, advances in materials exhibiting high levels of ionic conduction in the solid state has led to worldwide efforts in the development of all-solid-state rechargeable batteries. Although higher current densities are achievable with liquid electrolytes, all-solid-state cells offer inherent advantages of negligible self-discharge, long cycle life, high reliability, and virtual absence of container corrosion. Elegant work on polycrystalline and vitreous electrolytes has led to solid electrolytes with suitable ionic conductivities for battery development,1,2,3 however, the superior mechanical properties of elastomeric electrolytes combined with the simplicity of fabrication of thin separator films from these materials, has led to very active pursuit of solid-state cells based on solid polymeric electrolytes (SPE's). Although solid polymer electrolytes generally have lower ionic conductivities than their polycrystalline and vitreous counterparts,4 the ability to cast thin films (10 to 100 μm) from dilute solutions, compensates somewhat for this limitation. While many polymeric electrolytes have been described in the literature, the best known SPE is undoubtedly polyethylene oxide (PEO) complexed with an appropriate electrolyte salt.5 The operating temperature of SPE cells generally falls in the range of ambient to 100°C, with the highest levels of performance occurring in the elevated temperature regime, with claims of performance that meet the demands of electric vehicle application. Initial efforts towards ambient temperature operation of such cells were not promising due to the rapid decrease in ionic conductivity below about 60°C. However, further investigation into the nature of ionic conductivity in polymeric electrolytes has led to the conclusion that ion transport is strictly through the amorphous regions of these polymers which tend to crystallize with decreasing temperature. It has been found that by lowering the glass transition temperature of the polymer electrolyte, either by structural modification or addition of plasticizing electrolyte salts, sufficiently high conductivities for ambient temperature operation can be achieved. Reported results for a number of such cells have indicated that high performance solid-state batteries are nearing commercialization. To date, the majority of these advanced lithium SPE batteries have utilized positive electrodes based on intercalation chemistry. However, work in our laboratory has led to the development of a novel class of solid-state, organic positive electrodes which not only operate on an entirely new principle for energy storage, but which have demonstrated performances exceeding those for intercalation electrodes in solid-state lithium and sodium batteries. These new electrodes have been termed solid redox polymerization electrodes, SRPE's, for reasons that will explained below.
In Vivo Targeting of Escherichia coli with Vancomycin-Arginine (2021)

The ability of vancomycin-arginine (V-r) to extend the spectrum of activity of glycopeptides to Gram-negative bacteria was investigated. Its MIC towards <i>Escherichia coli</i>, including β-lactamase expressing Ambler classes A, B, and D, was 8 to 16 μg/ml. Addition of 8 times the MIC of V-r to <i>E. coli</i> was acutely bactericidal and associated with a low frequency of resistance (<2.32 × 10<sup>-10</sup>). <i>In vivo</i>, V-r markedly reduced <i>E. coli</i> burden by >7 log<sub>10</sub> CFU/g in a thigh muscle model. These data warrant further development of V-r in combatting <i>E. coli</i>, including resistant forms.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Verdinochlorins: A New Class of Long‐Wavelength Absorbing Photosensitizers. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
KERR-BASED WAVELENGTH C NVERSION OVER MORE THAN 30nm (1998)

A new interjierornetric scheme for all-fiber Ken-based wavelength conversion allows bit-rate transparency, large tunability and high insensitivity to environmental noise too. T~inable conversion measurements at 2.5 Gbit/s over more than 30 nm are presented,
Development of a High Specific Activity Sulfur-35-Labeled Sulfonamide Radioligand That Allowed the Identification of a New Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTDevelopment of a High Specific Activity Sulfur-35-Labeled Sulfonamide Radioligand That Allowed the Identification of a New Growth Hormone Secretagogue ReceptorDennis C. Dean, Ravi P. Nargund, Sheng-Shung Pong, Lee-Yuh P. Chaung, Patrick Griffin, David G. Melillo, Robert L. Ellsworth, Lex H. T. Van Der Ploeg, Arthur A. Patchett, and Roy G. SmithView Author Information Departments of Drug Metabolism, Medicinal Chemistry, and Biochemistry, Merck Research Laboratories, Merck & Co., P.O. Box 2000, Rahway, New Jersey 07065 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1996, 39, 9, 1767–1770Publication Date (Web):April 26, 1996Publication History Received17 January 1996Published online26 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm960054chttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm960054crapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views528Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Receptors,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
PIC Simulation of the Coherent Cerenkov– Cyclotron Radiation Excited by a High-Power Electron Beam in a Crossed-Elliptical Metamaterial Oscillator at S-Band (2021)

We present an S-band high-power microwave (HPM) oscillator based on crossed-elliptical metamaterial (MTM) rings in a circular waveguide and powered by a high-power electron beam. Particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations demonstrate that when an output horn antenna of radius of 200 mm is used, an output power of 443 MW of a backward wave TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">41</sub> mode below its cutoff frequency at 2.80 GHz can be generated using a pulsed electron beam with a voltage of 990 kV and a current of 1.736 kA in a 1.8-T solenoidal magnetic field, corresponding to an electronic efficiency up to 26%. Meanwhile, another degenerate frequency of 2.80 GHz of a forward wave in the TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode with an output power of 9 MW is also observed. When an output horn antenna of radius 150 mm is used, this crossed-elliptical MTM oscillator operates mainly in a forward TM <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</sub> mode at 2.80 GHz with an output power of 325 MW at an electronic efficiency of 19%, and at the same time, a backward wave TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">41</sub> mode below its cutoff frequency of 2.80 GHz with an output power of 8 MW can be observed. Simulations indicate that this slow-wave structure (SWS) consisting of a periodically crossed-elliptical MTM loaded circular waveguide can support degenerate mode operation. This result suggests that this configuration is favorable for mode switching and this work seeks to design a compact HPM source.
Optical Imaging in Radiation Therapy & Molecular-Guided Surgery for Cancer Treatment (2017)

Optical imaging is the largest economic sector of the medical imaging market, with endoscopy being the single largest modality utilized in medicine. While optical imaging has its core strengths in endoscopy, laparoscopy, ophthalmology, and pathology, there are still major innovations taking place, which provide the rationale for optical imaging in molecular guidance of procedures.
Low Bit-Depth ADCs for Multi-bit Quanta Image Sensors (2021)

A 1024 × 896 test chip is presented in this article to explore a low-power readout circuit for a multi-bit quanta image sensor (QIS). Five well-known analog-to-digital converter (ADC) approaches [flash, pipeline, successive approximation register (SAR), cyclic, and single-slope (SS)] are studied, and two types of ADCs, namely, SAR ADCs and SS ADCs, are implemented in the sensor. The ADC power dissipations are compared under the condition of constant imaging throughput in counting photoelectrons. In QIS devices, one LSB corresponds to one photoelectron. Measurement results show that the power consumption of SAR ADC is better than that of the SS ADC and decreases by a factor of 17 when the resolution is changed from 1 b to 6 bits. By contrast, the power consumption of the SS ADCs decreases by a factor of 2.5. Thus, SAR ADCs seem more suitable for use in low-power multi-bit QIS.