gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Achieving Highly Sensitive Near‐Infrared Organic Photodetectors using Asymmetric Non‐Fullerene Acceptor (2023)

Abstract Organic photodetectors (OPDs) based on non‐fullerene acceptors (NFAs) have received considerable attention because of their potential for use in various commercial applications as near‐infrared (NIR) light sensing platforms. However, recent OPDs suffer from low NIR photoresponse and large dark/noise currents with narrow bandgap organic photoactive materials. Herein, a π ‐bridge molecular engineering strategy replacing alkoxythienyl with benzothiadiazole for ultra‐narrow bandgap (ultra‐NBG) NFAs is designed to achieve simultaneously high photoresponse at NIR region and low noise current density, thereby leading to excellent NIR (≈1050 nm) detectivity ( D * ). The newly synthesized ultra‐NBG NFAs, namely COB and CBT with optical bandgaps below 1.14 eV, present high responsivity ( R) with 0.369 and 0.080 A W −1 , respectively, at a wavelength of 1050 nm. Especially, with effectively suppressed noise current density, COB‐based OPD exhibits a high NIR (≈1050 nm) D * value of 2.18 × 10 11 cm Hz 1/2 W −1 at −0.5 V bias. The obtained R and D * values for these NFAs exceed or are comparable to those of a commercial Si photodetector at 1050 nm. This work provides important insight into the π ‐bridge molecular engineering strategy for ultra‐NBG NFAs, which facilitate achieving highly sensitive NIR OPDs with high NIR photoresponse and low dark/noise current.
Suppression of backside damage in nanosecond internal-focusing pulse laser dicing with wavefront modulation (2017)

Laser dicing with tightly focused nanosecond pulsed laser light inside a semiconductor wafer is a dry, debris-free dicing method achieved by the generation of thermal microcracks. This method has two practical issues: a dicing speed that is limited by the repetition rate of the pulsed laser and potential damage to integrated circuits on the wafer from excessive laser intensity due to insufficient beam divergence. By correcting aberrations and generating multiple beams via wavefront modulation, multiple focused beams inside the wafer will become sufficiently divergent to avoid undesirable potential laser damage. We confirmed these improvements by dicing sapphire wafers with a pulsed laser and a high-numerical-aperture objective lens.
Optimizing the placement of internet TAPs in wireless neighborhood networks (2004)

Efficient integration of a multi-hop wireless network with the Internet is an important research problem. In a wireless neighborhood network, a few Internet transit access points (ITAPs), serving as gateways to the Internet, are deployed across the neighborhood; houses are equipped with low-cost antennas, and form a multi-hop wireless network among themselves to cooperatively route traffic to the Internet through the ITAPs. Furthermore, the placement of Internet TAPs is a critical determinant of system performance and resource usage. We explore the placement problem under three wireless link models. For each link model, we develop algorithms to make informed placement decisions based on neighborhood layouts, user demands, and wireless link characteristics. We also extend our algorithms to provide fault tolerance and handle significant workload variation. We evaluate our placement algorithms and show that our algorithms yield close to optimal solutions over a wide range of scenarios we have considered.
First Observation of a Doubly Charged Tetraquark and Its Neutral Partner (2023)

A combined amplitude analysis is performed for the decays B^{0}→D[over ¯]^{0}D_{s}^{+}π^{-} and B^{+}→D^{-}D_{s}^{+}π^{+}, which are related by isospin symmetry. The analysis is based on data collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at center-of-mass energies of 7, 8, and 13 TeV. The full data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 9 fb^{-1}. Two new resonant states with masses of 2.908±0.011±0.020 GeV and widths of 0.136±0.023±0.013 GeV are observed, which decay to D_{s}^{+}π^{+} and D_{s}^{+}π^{-} respectively. The former state indicates the first observation of a doubly charged open-charm tetraquark state with minimal quark content [cs[over ¯]ud[over ¯]], and the latter state is a neutral tetraquark composed of [cs[over ¯]u[over ¯]d] quarks. Both states are found to have spin-parity of 0^{+}, and their resonant parameters are consistent with each other, which suggests that they belong to an isospin triplet.
Diagnostic Accuracy of a Device for the Automated Detection of Diabetic Retinopathy in a Primary Care Setting (2019)

The hybrid deep learning-enhanced device had high diagnostic accuracy for the detection of both vtDR (although the number of vtDR cases was low) and mtmDR in a primary care setting against an independent reading center. This allows its' safe use in a primary care setting.
Time course of peripheral heterothermy in a homeotherm (1980)

The integrity of the peripheral heterothermic response was monitored in adult Sprague-Dawley rats during cold acclimation. Subcutaneous peripheral temperature gradients were simultaneously recorded in the hindlimbs. One limb was exposed to room temperature (22 +/- 2 degrees C) while the contralateral limb was gradually cooled to 0 +/- 1 degrees C. Noncontrols were acclimated at 5 +/- 1 degrees C for periods up to 35 days. Controls responded to the cooling regimen (25 to 0 degrees C at 0.5 degrees C . min-1) in a "poikilothermic" manner indicating local cold-induced vasoconstriction (CIVC). CIVC was not released until tissue temperatures reached 22,3 +/- 2.5 degrees C whereupon nonpatterned limb temperature fluctuations, Lewis' hunting response, were often initiated. The hunting response occurred synchronously in the contralateral warmed limb despite its elevated temperature. The experiments revealed a progressive decrease in the intensity of heterothermy indicative of an earlier onset of cold-induced vasodilation as well as increased resistance to tissue cooling with increasing acclimation time. Following 21 days at 5 degrees C, limb exposure to 0 degrees C resulted in a 2-4 degrees C drop in tissue temperature. The time course of the diminution in peripheral heterothermy is discussed. In addition, evidence supporting the hypothesis of a central component in the regulation of the hunting response is presented.
An Inhibitory Factor Against Monocyte Spreading in the Sera of Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1985)

The effect of the sera of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) on monocyte function was studied using cell spreading as an indicator. Monocyte spreading induced by exogenous stimuli was shown to be inhibited by SLE sera. Gel filtration of SLE sera on Sephadex G-200 revealed that the factor responsible for this inhibition had a molecular weight of about 50,000. Pretreatment of monocytes with the inhibitory factor led to suppression of cell spreading induced by subsequent stimulation, but this hyporeactivity was reversible. Spreading of monocytes was rapidly aborted by the addition of this inhibitory factor. Thus, the inhibitory factor appeared to affect monocyte itself, but its effect seemed to be transient.
Decentralized Coherent Coordinated Multi-Point Transmission for Weighted Sum Rate Maximization (2014)

Decentralized downlink beamformer design for coherent coordinated multi-point transmission is proposed with weighted sum rate maximization system performance objective. The weighted sum rate is maximized by successive convex approximation of the corresponding weighted mean-squared error minimization problem. Decentralized beam coordination is achieved by employing a best response design, where each base station designs its own precoders in parallel assuming fixed transmission from the adjacent cells. After each beamformer update, the fixed terms are updated according to the solutions of the cooperating transmitters. The proposed design incorporates a bi-directional beamformer signaling scheme to improve the convergence properties. This scheme exploits the time division duplexing frame structure and is shown to improve the training latency of the iterative transceiver design. Furthermore, the improved transceiver convergence rate enables periodic beamformer reinitialization, which greatly improves the achieved system performance in dense networks.
Impact of the Fiber Type and Dispersion Management on the Performance of an NRZ 16&lt;tex&gt;$times$&lt;/tex&gt;40 Gb/s DWDM Transmission System (2004)

We examine the impact of the fiber type and dispersion management on the performance of a 16 /spl times/ 40 Gb/s dense wavelength-division-multiplexing nonreturn-to-zero transmission system. The transmission line is composed of G.652 or G.655 fiber with periodic dispersion compensation and hybrid Raman erbium-doped fiber amplifier amplification.
SurfaceFusion: unobtrusive tracking of everyday objects in tangible user interfaces (2008)

Interactive surfaces and related tangible user interfaces often involve everyday objects that are identified, tracked, and augmented with digital information. Traditional approaches for recognizing these objects typically rely on complex pattern recognition techniques, or the addition of active electronics or fiducials that alter the visual qualities of those objects, making them less practical for real-world use. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology provides an unobtrusive method of sensing the presence of and identifying tagged nearby objects but has no inherent means of determining the position of tagged objects. Computer vision, on the other hand, is an established approach to track objects with a camera. While shapes and movement on an interactive surface can be determined from classic image processing techniques, object recognition tends to be complex, computationally expensive and sensitive to environmental conditions. We present a set of techniques in which movement and shape information from the computer vision system is fused with RFID events that identify what objects are in the image. By synchronizing these two complementary sensing modalities, we can associate changes in the image with events in the RFID data, in order to recover position, shape and identification of the objects on the surface, while avoiding complex computer vision processes and exotic RFID solutions.
Carbon dioxide retrieval from reflected sunlight spectra in the presence of cirrus cloud: model studies (2007)

The results of model study for CO<sub>2</sub> retrievals from numerically synthesized GOSAT (Greenhouse gases Observing SATellite) observation data are presented. The GOSAT is scheduled to be launched in 2008 to monitor column amounts of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>. A nadir-looking Fourier-Transform Spectrometer (FTS) of Short Wavelength Infrared (SWIR, 1.6 &mu;m and 2 &mu;m) and 0.76 &mu;m oxygen A-band regions will be mounted on GOSAT. To assess CO2 sources and sinks, the monthly averaged CO2 column amounts estimated by satellite-based measurements should have a precision of within 1% or better to provide an advantage over existing ground-based measurement networks. This study focuses on CO<sub>2</sub> retrievals in the presence of cirrus clouds. An important feature of this problem is to apply radiance data measured in several spectral channels. In particular, 1.58 &mu;m spectral band was utilized for CO<sub>2</sub> total column amount retrievals. The cloud correction was performed using an original approach that is based on the application of the equivalence theorem with parameterization of photon path-length probability density function (PPDF). The PPDF parameters were estimated using nadir radiance in the oxygen A-band and in the H<sub>2</sub>O-saturated area of the 2.0 &mu;m spectral band.
Experimental Infection of Pigs with the Human 1918 Pandemic Influenza Virus (2009)

Swine influenza was first recognized as a disease entity during the 1918 "Spanish flu" pandemic. The aim of this work was to determine the virulence of a plasmid-derived human 1918 pandemic H1N1 influenza virus (reconstructed 1918, or 1918/rec, virus) in swine using a plasmid-derived A/swine/Iowa/15/1930 H1N1 virus (1930/rec virus), representing the first isolated influenza virus, as a reference. Four-week-old piglets were inoculated intratracheally with either the 1930/rec or the 1918/rec virus or intranasally with the 1918/rec virus. A transient increase in temperature and mild respiratory signs developed postinoculation in all virus-inoculated groups. In contrast to other mammalian hosts (mice, ferrets, and macaques) where infection with the 1918/rec virus was lethal, the pigs did not develop severe respiratory distress or become moribund. Virus titers in the lower respiratory tract as well as macro- and microscopic lesions at 3 and 5 days postinfection (dpi) were comparable between the 1930/rec and 1918/rec virus-inoculated animals. In contrast to the 1930/rec virus-infected animals, at 7 dpi prominent lung lesions were present in only the 1918/rec virus-infected animals, and all the piglets developed antibodies at 7 dpi. Presented data support the hypothesis that the 1918 pandemic influenza virus was able to infect and replicate in swine, causing a respiratory disease, and that the virus was likely introduced into the pig population during the 1918 pandemic, resulting in the current lineage of the classical H1N1 swine influenza viruses.
A numerical analysis of a magnetocaloric refrigerator with a 16-layer regenerator (2017)

A numerical analysis was conducted to study a room temperature magnetocaloric refrigerator with a 16-layer parallel plates active magnetic regenerator (AMR). Sixteen layers of LaFeMnSiH having different Curie temperatures were employed as magnetocaloric material (MCM) in the regenerator. Measured properties data was used. A transient one dimensional (1D) model was employed, in which a unique numerical method was developed to significantly accelerate the simulation speed of the multi-layer AMR system. As a result, the computation speed of a multi-layer AMR case was very close to the single-layer configuration. The performance of the 16-layer AMR system in different frequencies and utilizations has been investigated using this model. To optimize the layer length distribution of the 16-layer MCMs in the regenerator, a set of 137 simulations with different MCM distributions based on the Design of Experiments (DoE) method was conducted and the results were analyzed. The results show that the 16-layer AMR system can operate up to 84% of Carnot cycle COP at a temperature span of 41 K, which cannot be obtained using an AMR with fewer layers. The DoE results indicate that for a 16-layer AMR system, the uniform distribution is very close to the optimized design.
Photoinduced Hydrogen Evolution Using Cytochrome c3 as a Mediator (1997)

Abstract Photoreduction of cytochrome c3 using proflavin was investigated and photoinduced hydrogen evolution with hydrogenase using cytochrome c3 as an electron carrier was established. The photoexcited proflavin was quenched by triethanolamine, followed by cytochrome c3 reduction, and hydrogen evolution catalyzed by hydrogenase.
Cluster Generation and Scheduling for Instruction (L0) Clusters (2003)

Clustered L0 buffers are an interesting alternative to reduce energy consumption in the instruction memory hierarchy of embedded VLIW processors. Currently, the synthesis of L0 clusters is performed as an hardware optimization, where the compiler generates a schedule and based on the given schedule L0 clusters are generated. Since, the result of the clustering depends on the given schedule, it offers an interesting design space to explore the effects of clustering by altering the schedule to increase energy efficiency. This paper presents a study indicating the potentials offered by scheduling for L0 clusters in terms of L0 buffer energy reduction. The list scheduler is extended to recognize the L0 clusters, and based on a few simple heuristics the operations are assigned to certain L0 clusters, followed by an iterative methodology to reduce L0 buffer energy consumption. The simulation results indicate that potentially up to 10 % of the L0 buffer energy can be reduced by scheduling for L0 clusters with a simple heuristic.
Area Selective Atomic Layer Deposition by Microcontact Printing with a Water-Soluble Polymer (2010)

The use of a water-soluble polymer for area selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) with microcontact printing has been studied. Polymethacrylamide (PMAM) was spin-coated and patterned onto substrates of silicon by , generating patterns down to in size. The resist properties were tested against Pt ALD. The results show that films of Pt were grown selectively on the PMAM-free regions and significantly blocked in the presence of the polymer. Scanning electron microscopy and scanning Auger electron spectroscopy showed sharp pattern transfer of PMAM and good propagation of the pattern into the Pt layer. The PMAM layer was simply removed just by dipping in water. After the removal process, the PMAM-coated surface exhibited the same properties as the original surface. The use of PMAM as an ALD resist offers good selectivity and high spatial resolution and provides a new, convenient route toward achieving spatially patterned film growth.
Glycosylation characterization of recombinant human erythropoietin produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris by mass spectrometry (2013)

Glycosylation plays a critical role in the in vivo efficacy of both endogenous and recombinant erythropoietin (EPO). Using mass spectrometry, we characterized the N-/O-linked glycosylation of recombinant human EPO (rhEPO) produced in glycoengineered Pichia pastoris and compared with the glycosylation of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell-derived rhEPO. While the three predicted N-linked glycosylation sites (Asn24, Asn38 and Asn83) showed complete site occupancy, Pichia- and CHO-derived rhEPO showed distinct differences in the glycan structures with the former containing sialylated bi-antennary glycoforms and the latter containing a mixture of sialylated bi-, tri- and tetra-antennary structures. Additionally, the N-linked glycans from Pichia-produced rhEPO were similar across all three sites. A low level of O-linked mannosylation was detected on Pichia-produced rhEPO at position Ser126, which is also the O-linked glycosylation site for endogenous human EPO and CHO-derived rhEPO. In summary, the mass spectrometric analyses revealed that rhEPO derived from glycoengineered Pichia has a highly uniform bi-antennary N-linked glycan composition and preserves the orthogonal O-linked glycosylation site present on endogenous human EPO and CHO-derived rhEPO.
Potentiometric, Calorimetric, and Solution NMR Studies of a Tridentate Ligand Which has a Marked Preference for Formation of Bis(ligand) versus Mono(ligand) Lanthanide Complexes and Which Exhibits High Selectivity for Heavier Lanthanides (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPotentiometric, Calorimetric, and Solution NMR Studies of a Tridentate Ligand Which has a Marked Preference for Formation of Bis(ligand) versus Mono(ligand) Lanthanide Complexes and Which Exhibits High Selectivity for Heavier LanthanidesP. Caravan, Tomas Hedlund, Shuang Liu, c Staffan Sjoeberg, and Chris OrvigCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 45, 11230–11238Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00150a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00150a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views486Altmetric-Citations244LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In-Plane Liquid Crystal Beam Steering Devices with a Beam Separation Structure (1998)

In-plane liquid crystal beam steering devices with a beam separation structure have been investigated. The separation between ordinary and extraordinary beams could be realized by using a liquid crystal director inclined by 45° to an air-liquid crystal interface. Successful analog beam control of 8° is obtained under an application of in-plane electric field. Reflection and confinement phenomena are also obtained at the interface of the spatial distribution of the refractive index.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Intracranial Aneurysm Identifies a New Association on Chromosome 7 (2014)

We detected a novel region associated with IA susceptibility that was replicated in an independent Dutch sample. This region on chromosome 7 has been previously associated with ischemic stroke and the large vessel stroke occlusive subtype (including HDAC9), suggesting a possible genetic link between this stroke subtype and IA.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Silicon Using O2, HF, and Al(CH3)3 as the Reactants (2018)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of silicon was performed using O2, HF, and Al(CH3)3 as the reactants at temperatures from 225 to 290 °C. This thermal etching process is based on Si oxidation using O2 and conversion of SiO2 to Al2O3 using trimethylaluminum (TMA). Al2O3 is then fluorinated by HF to produce AlF3 prior to removal of AlF3 by a ligand-exchange reaction with TMA. Thermal Si ALE was studied using silicon-on-insulator wafers. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was employed to monitor simultaneously both the thickness of the top SiO2 layer and the underlying silicon film during Si ALE. These studies revealed that the silicon film thickness decreased linearly with the number of reaction cycles while the thickness of the SiO2 layer remained constant. Using an O2–HF–TMA exposure sequence, the Si ALE etch rate was 0.4 Å/cycle at 290 °C. This etch rate was obtained using static reactant pressures of 250, 1.0, and 1.0 Torr and exposure times of 10, 5, and 5 s for O2, HF, and TMA, respectively. The SiO2 thickness was 10–11 Å under these reaction conditions at 290 °C. The Si ALE etch rate increased with O2 and TMA pressure before reaching a limiting etch rate at higher O2 and TMA pressures. The order of the reactants affected the Si etch rate. Changing the exposure sequence from O2–HF–TMA to O2–TMA–HF decreased the etch rate from 0.4 to 0.2 Å/cycle at 290 °C. Decreasing the etch temperature below 290 °C also resulted in a decrease in the Si etch rate. Atomic force microscopy measurements determined that the root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of the surface was 2.0 ± 0.2 Å before and after Si ALE using the optimum reaction conditions. Decreasing the static O2 pressures below 250 Torr decreased the etch rate and also increased the RMS surface roughness. There was no evidence of any change in the Si ALE process for ultrathin Si films with thicknesses of <100 Å in the quantum confinement regime. Thermal Si ALE should be useful for silicon applications in many areas, including electronics, optoelectronics, thermoelectrics, and photonics.