gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stepwise surgical correction of instability in flexion after total knee replacement (2014)

Instability in flexion after total knee replacement (TKR) typically occurs as a result of mismatched flexion and extension gaps. The goals of this study were to identify factors leading to instability in flexion, the degree of correction, determined radiologically, required at revision surgery, and the subsequent clinical outcomes. Between 2000 and 2010, 60 TKRs in 60 patients underwent revision for instability in flexion associated with well-fixed components. There were 33 women (55%) and 27 men (45%); their mean age was 65 years (43 to 82). Radiological measurements and the Knee Society score (KSS) were used to assess outcome after revision surgery. The mean follow-up was 3.6 years (2 to 9.8). Decreased condylar offset (p < 0.001), distalisation of the joint line (p < 0.001) and increased posterior tibial slope (p < 0.001) contributed to instability in flexion and required correction at revision to regain stability. The combined mean correction of posterior condylar offset and joint line resection was 9.5 mm, and a mean of 5° of posterior tibial slope was removed. At the most recent follow-up, there was a significant improvement in the mean KSS for the knee and function (both p < 0.001), no patient reported instability and no patient underwent further surgery for instability. The following step-wise approach is recommended: reduction of tibial slope, correction of malalignment, and improvement of condylar offset. Additional joint line elevation is needed if the above steps do not equalise the flexion and extension gaps.
Lessons Learned in Calibrating an IDSE Model (2007)

The Stage 2 Disinfection By-Product Rule Initial Distribution System Evaluations (IDSE) requirements have led utilities to redo their water distribution system models to conform to different standards than prior models which were created for master planning studies. This paper describes the hurdles faced in converting an older water distribution model for Scranton, Pa. into a model that could be used for IDSE studies. Some of the issues included: 1) Need to fill in the distribution grid, 2) Ability to better assign water use records to nodes, 3) Problems with data sources being in different (and nonstandard) coordinate systems, 4) Issues with boundaries between pressure zones, 5) Discontinuities in underlying CAD map, 6) Questionable or missing SCADA data, and 7) Complexity of the Scranton system. The problems encountered during the study and their solutions, which involved a mix of advanced data processing tricks to plain-old hard work, are described in this paper.
Polyimide Electrode-Based Electrical Stimulation Impedes Early Stage Muscle Graft Regeneration (2019)

Given the increasing use of regenerative free muscle flaps for various reconstructive procedures and neuroprosthetic applications, there is great interest and value in their enhanced regeneration, revascularization, and reinnervation for improved functional recovery. Here, we implant polyimide-based mircroelectrodes on free flap grafts and perform electrical stimulation for 6 weeks in a murine model. Using electrophysiological and histological assessments, we compare outcomes of stimulated grafts with unstimulated control grafts. We find delayed reinnervation and abnormal electromyographic (EMG) signals, with significantly more polyphasia, lower compound muscle action potentials and higher fatigability in stimulated animals. These metrics are suggestive of myopathy in the free flap grafts stimulated with the electrode. Additionally, active inflammatory processes and partial necrosis are observed in grafts stimulated with the implanted electrode. The results suggest that under this treatment protocol, implanted epimysial electrodes and electrical stimulation to deinnervated, and devascularized flaps during the early recovery phase may be detrimental to regeneration. Future work should determine the optimal implantation and stimulation window for accelerating free muscle graft regeneration.
Interference Management and Handoff Techniques in Ultra Mobile Broadband Communication Systems (2008)

Wireless communications of the next generation rely on large bandwidths and orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) techniques to achieve high data rates. In a OFDMA-based wireless wide area network (WWAN), e.g., a cellular network, interference management and handoff are keys to the system performance, such as capacity, coverage, and stability. This paper introduces novel interference management schemes for use in a OFDMA cellular communication system that include dynamic fractional frequency reuse scheme and other cell interference based power control for interference control and avoidance and handoff schemes that employs disjoint links and beacons in a OFDMA cellular communication system.
Induction of allergen-specific blocking IgG using patch delivered recombinant Bet v 1 in guinea pigs (2014)

Background Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only specific, disease-modifying treatment for allergy and may have long-lasting effects. It is given traditionally in the form of multiple subcutaneous injections which makes the treatment inconvenient. Furthermore, systemic allergenadministration may cause severe side effects. Therefor the development of alternative routes for SIT has been a longsought goal. The aim of this study was to investigate if epicutaneous application of recombinant birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 (i.e., patch vaccination) can induce systemic allergen-specific IgG responses with protective activity.
Bow Reduction of AlInGaN-Based Deep UV LED Wafers Using Focused Laser Patterning (2018)

We investigated the effect of bow reduction of AlInGaN-based deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diode (DUV LED) wafers using internally focused laser patterning. The laser-induced stress inside of the sapphire substrate was found to increase with increasing density of laser lines and decreasing distance of the laser lines to the back surface of the sapphire substrate. By adjusting the laser process, the convex bow of DUV LED wafers could be almost completely eliminated. This bow reduction resulted in an improved uniformity of the LED forward voltage across the wafer compared to the reference wafer without laser patterning.
Metabonomics and its analytical technique (2010)

Metabonomics is a new science and technology developed in mid 1990s.It refers to a holistic and dynamic analytical approach to all the low relative molecular mass metabolites in an organism or cells.Current status for applications of metabonomics research in toxicology,diagnosis,plants and traditional Chinese medicine.Because metabonomics has highly request for analytical technology,with the developing of analytical technology,metabonomics has more widely application.In this paper,current analytical technology for metabonomics and its application is reviewed.And experimental technology for metabonomics is summarized.
Organic Photovoltaic Cells: Dielectric Effect on the Photovoltage Loss in Organic Photovoltaic Cells (Adv. Mater. 35/2014) (2014)

S.-W. Tsang, F. So, and co-workers use charge modulation electroabsorption spectroscopy (CMEAS) to determine the VOC loss in several polymer-fullerene solar cells. Based on their data, they conclude on page 6125 that the VOC loss is due to the low dielectric constants of the polymers. The photovoltage loss is found to be close to zero if the dielectric constant of the polymer-fullerene blend is close to a value of five.
Using Engine Experiments to Isolate Fuel Equivalence Ratio Effects on Heat Release in HCCI Combustion (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Detailed combustion studies have historically been conducted in simplified reacting systems, such as shock-tubes and rapid compression machines. The reciprocating internal combustion engine presents many challenges when used to isolate the effects of fuel chemistry from thermodynamics. On the other hand, the conditions in such engines are the most representative in terms of pressure and temperature histories. This paper describes the use of a single-cylinder research engine as an advanced reactor to better determine fuel effects experimentally. In particular, a single-cylinder engine was operated in a manner that allowed the effects of changes in charge composition and temperatures to be isolated from changes in equivalence ratio. An example study is presented where the relative effects of low-temperature and high-temperature chemistry, and their effects on combustion phasing, are isolated and examined. A single-zone homogeneous model based on Chemkin™ code with detailed chemistry was interrogated to better understand some of the trends identified.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The engine was operated in HCCI mode under both steady-state conditions and in an alternate-fired mode. The technique allows the effect of fuel/air equivalence ratio to be isolated from other parameters such as trapped residual content and wall temperatures. The Chemkin™ model was run with a 5-component mechanism from the Reaction Design Model Fuels Consortium and was calibrated using data from the steady-state engine tests. Results showed good correlation with combustion start and phasing for both the low- and high-temperature zones. The model was then used to explain the relationship between energy released and equivalence ratio in both the low- and high-temperature regimes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Techniques for obtaining high performance in Java programs (2000)

This survey describes research directions in techniques to improve the performance of programs written in the Java programming language. The standard technique for Java execution is interpretation, which provides for extensive portability of programs. A Java interpreter dynamically executes Java bytecodes, which comprise the instruction set of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM). Execution time performance of Java programs can be improved through compilation, possibly at the expense of portability. Various types of Java compilers have been proposed, including Just-In-Time (JIT) compilers that compile bytecode into native processor instructions on the fly; direct compilers that directly translate the Java source code into the target processor's native language; and bytecode-to-source translators that generate either native code or an intermediate language, such as C, from the bytecodes. Additional techniques, including bytecode optimization, dynamic compilation, and executing Java programs in parallel, attempt to improve Java run-time performance while maintaining Java's portability. Another alternative for executing Java programs is a Java processor that implements the JVM directly in hardware. In this survey, we discuss the basis features, and the advantages and disadvantages, of the various Java execution techniques. We also discuss the various Java benchmarks that are being used by the Java community for performance evaluation of the different techniques. Finally, we conclude with a comparison of the performance of the alternative Java execution techniques based on reported results.
Abstract 1798: Mechanistic study of NVP-CGM097: a potent, selective and species specific inhibitor of p53-Mdm2 (2014)

Abstract An effective strategy to restore p53 activity in cancer cells containing wild type p53 is to inhibit the Mdm2-p53 protein-protein interaction (PPI). NVP-CGM097 is a novel PPI inhibitor under evaluation in a Phase I clinical trial. It binds to the p53 binding-site of the Mdm2 protein, disrupting the interaction between both proteins, leading to an activation of the p53 pathway. The main biophysical and biochemical inhibitory characteristics of NVP-CGM097 are presented here. These include an affinity constant for Mdm2 in the nanomolar range and a selectivity of 3 orders of magnitude vs. Mdm4. The binding kinetics of NVP-CGM097 to Mdm2 are characterized by a high association rate constant (Kon =37 x 106 M-1.s-1) and a moderate dissociation rate constant (Koff =0.071 s-1). Additionally, NVP-CGM097 exhibits an 8-fold greater affinity for Mdm2 over Nutlin-3 due to a longer residence time of the Mdm2-inhibitor complex. Moreover, biochemical studies have revealed the species specificity of NVP-CGM097 with human Mdm2 being inhibited more strongly than the dog, mouse or rat forms of the protein. This was confirmed in cellular assays where NVP-CGM097 treatment resulted in induction of p53 target gene expression (p21, PUMA and Mdm2) only in human, but not in dog, mouse or rat cell lines. Citation Format: Thérèse Valat, Keiichi Masuya, Frédéric Baysang, Geneviève Albrecht, Nicole Buschmann, Dirk Erdmann, Pascal Furet, Tobias Gabriel, François Gessier, Francesco Hofmann, Philipp Holzer, Joerg Kallen, Carole Pissot-Solderman, Stefan Stutz, Patrick Chène, Sébastien Jeay. Mechanistic study of NVP-CGM097: a potent, selective and species specific inhibitor of p53-Mdm2. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1798. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1798
Liver fibrosis staging using supersonic shear imaging : a clinical study on 142 patients (2009)

I. Background, Motivation and Objective
Fibrosis staging can be assessed by a rough estimation of the liver stiffness averaged along an ultrasonic A-line. Providing a complete 2D map of liver stiffness would thus be of great clinical interest for the diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis and help prevent upcoming cirrhosis. However, such measurement requires both a quantitative value of shear elasticity and a great precision to discriminate between different fibrosis levels. Beyond the scope of non-invasive fibrosis quantification, it is also envisioned that quantitative elasticity imaging of liver will have potential interest for liver cancer diagnosis. In this work, the Supersonic Shear Imaging technique (SSI) is proposed to map the in vivo viscoelastic parameters of liver on patients with hepatitis C and derive a mean elasticity of liver tissues. The results are compared to biological tests (Fib4, Apri, Forns) and Fibroscan® measurements. 
II. Statement of Contribution / Methods
The SSI technique is based on the radiation force induced by a conventional ultrasonic probe to generate a planar shear wave deep into tissues. The shear wave propagation throughout the medium is caught in real time thanks to an ultrafast ultrasound scanner (up to 5000 frames/s). Using modified sequences and post-processing, this technique is implemented on curved arrays in order to get a larger field of view of liver tissues. A study on 150 HCV patients with different fibrosis stages F has been conducted in order to investigate the accuracy of the technique (F ϵ [0;4]). Quantitative maps of liver elasticity are produced for each volunteer with a linear and a curved array. 
III. Results
B-mode images of 120x75 mm² and corresponding elasticity maps are obtained using a 2.5 MHz curved ultrasonic probe with a good reproducibility and accuracy. The shear wave phase velocity dispersion is also calculated. This study shows a good correlation between the values obtained by SSI and the fibrosis levels diagnosed by biological tests (p-index 0.9 for F>3 and Y> 0.8 for F>2). Results are also compared (r2 > 0.92) to the Fibroscan® elasticity measurement by fitting the velocity dispersion curves obtained by SSI at 50 Hz.
IV. Discussion and Conclusions
This real-time elasticity mapping using an ultrasonic curved probe offers better signal to noise ratio than linear arrays and a larger area in the patient's liver (13.3±2.8 cm² estimation area). This gives more confidence on the accuracy of the diagnosis of the fibrosis stage. Furthermore, the elasticity parameters obtained with SSI give access to the shear wave group velocity and the phase velocity. As a consequence, the SSI assessment of liver stiffness could potentially give more information on the viscoelasticity properties of the liver.
Formation of Nickelacycles and Reaction with Carbon Monoxide (2019)

Nickel seems one of the most promising transition metals as a catalyst for a variety of carbonylation reactions. In fact, it has played an important role in industrial usage. However, a limited number of the catalytic carbonylation reactions have been reported. One of the reasons why chemists would not develop nickel-catalyzed carbonylation reactions is due to the possibility of the formation of the notorious highly toxic Ni(CO)4 in situ, which indicates that nickel can react with carbon monoxide. In this chapter, formation of nickelacycles and their reactivity with carbon monoxide to give cyclic carbonyl compounds are introduced.
A DOMAIN SPECIFIC LANGUAGE FOR THE DESCRIPTION AND THE SIMULATION OF SYSTEMS OF INTERACTING SYSTEMS (2012)

Systems of technological networks (so-called Critical Infrastructures) might undergo strong perturbations leading to the reduction of their functionalities (crisis scenarios). Under perturbed conditions, infrastructures deliver their specific services in a range from a partial reduction up to a complete loss. Systems of complex technological networks (electrical, telecommunications, roads and railways, oil, gas and water pipelines etc.) are known to display large interdependences (a fault on one system spreads over the others); for this reason, it is relevant to devise simulators and decision support systems able to capture the complexity of such a "system of systems". The paper presents parts of the outcomes of a larger scientific project aiming at realizing a Decision Support System to predict the occurrence of undesired events and their consequences. In particular, we present a conceptual modeling approach consisting of a declarative language and a software implementation for the description and simulation of elements of Crisis Scenarios. The software application is conceived for risk managers, i.e. operators with a deep knowledge of critical infrastructure scenarios, but not necessarily with high-level IT or mathematical skill.
Microstructure of sputtered superconducting films of Bi sub 2 Sr sub 2 CaCu sub 2 O sub x made by low-temperature, in situ growth (1990)

Superconducting films of Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} have been sputtered onto single crystal MgO substrates using an in situ process at a substrate temperature of {approximately}645{degree}C. These c-axis oriented films exhibit an extrapolated T{sub c0} of 56 K. Electron microscopy reveals that the films are not smoother than films which were post-annealed at 865{degree}C, and that segregation and second-phase precipitation had occurred. It is evident that surface diffusion during in situ processing can enhance segregation in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} films. 7 refs., 7 figs.
Crazy Sequential Representations: Simplifications (02) (2019)

Abstract not available.
Thin Film Fabrication and Simultaneous Anodic Reduction of Deposited Graphene Oxide Platelets by Electrophoretic Deposition (2010)

We report the deposition of films composed of overlapped and stacked platelets of graphene oxide (G-O) reduced by an electrophoretic deposition (EPD) process. The oxygen functional groups of G-O were significantly removed by the EPD process, and the as-deposited G-O film by EPD showed improved electrical conductivity (1.43 × 104 S·m−1) over G-O papers made by the filtration method (0.53 × 10−3 S·m−1). This method for reducing G-O without added reducing agents has the potential for high-yield, large-area, low-cost, and environmentally friendly production of films composed of reduced G-O platelets.
Engineering prokaryotic channels for control of mammalian tissue excitability (2016)

The ability to directly enhance electrical excitability of human cells is hampered by the lack of methods to efficiently overexpress large mammalian voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC). Here we describe the use of small prokaryotic sodium channels (BacNa<sub>v</sub>) to create de novo excitable human tissues and augment impaired action potential conduction in vitro. Lentiviral co-expression of specific BacNa<sub>v</sub> orthologues, an inward-rectifying potassium channel, and connexin-43 in primary human fibroblasts from the heart, skin or brain yields actively conducting cells with customizable electrophysiological phenotypes. Engineered fibroblasts ('E-Fibs') retain stable functional properties following extensive subculture or differentiation into myofibroblasts and rescue conduction slowing in an in vitro model of cardiac interstitial fibrosis. Co-expression of engineered BacNa<sub>v</sub> with endogenous mammalian VGSCs enhances action potential conduction and prevents conduction failure during depolarization by elevated extracellular K<sup>+</sup>, decoupling or ischaemia. These studies establish the utility of engineered BacNa<sub>v</sub> channels for induction, control and recovery of mammalian tissue excitability.
Ovarian Cancer Models: Technical Review (2003)

Perhaps the most fundamental question that faces the laboratory scientist is, "Which model system should I use to investigate the problem?" Failure to adequately address this issue can compromise even the most meticulous and inspired research program. If this is such a thorny issue, why use model systems at all? As with most biological systems, ovarian cancer is a complex disorder comprising tumor cells, stromal tissues, neovascularization, inflammatory responses, and other host responses to the tumor. Experimental science best progresses by controling all but a single variable and observing what occurs when that variable is modulated. Almost by definition, this requires a homogenous group of samples to work with. Using human cancer patients for research, it becomes rapidly apparent that the diverse nature of the tumors and the hosts greatly complicates such an approach, hence the development of various model systems. The problem with model systems is simple, they are models-not the true disease states, by their very nature they are less than perfect reflections of the way in which the system under investigation performs in vivo in the normal host. Model systems are essential research tools, but have to be used appropriately.