gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Gas phase dehydration of glycerol to acrolein over WO3-based catalysts prepared by non-hydrolytic sol–gel synthesis (2018)

Solid acid catalysts based on WO<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> and WO<sub>3</sub>-ZrO<sub>2</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub> were prepared by one-pot non-hydrolytic sol-gel method and tested in the gas phase glycerol dehydration to acrolein. Their structural and textural characteristics were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), N<sub>2</sub> adsorption, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (XEDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Their acid characteristics were studied by both temperature programmed desorption of ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD) and FTIR of adsorbed pyridine. Under our operating conditions, all the catalysts were active and selective in the transformation of glycerol to acrolein, which was always the main reaction product. The high selectivity to acrolein is achieved on catalysts presenting a higher proportion of Brønsted acid sites. In addition, the role of oxygen in the feed on catalytic performance of these catalysts is also discussed.
Equalization in an extended area using multichannel inversion and wave field synthesis (2006)

Wave field synthesis (WFS) targets the synthesis of the physical characteristics of a sound field in an extended listening area. This synthesis is, however, accompanied by noticeable reconstruction artifacts. They are due to both loudspeaker radiation characteristics and approximations to the underlying physical principles. These artifacts may introduce coloration, which must be.compensated for over the entire listening area. Multichannel equalization techniques allow for the control of the sound field produced by a loudspeaker array at a limited number of positions. The control can be extended to a large portion of space by employing a new method that combines multichannel equalization with a linear microphone array-based description of the sound field and accounts for WFS rendering characteristics and limitations. The proposed method is evaluated using an objective coloration criterion. Its benefits compared to conventional equalization techniques are pointed out for both ideal omnidirectional loudspeakers and multi-actuator panels.
Spatial multiplexing in optical feeder links for high throughput satellites (2014)

Optical feeder links are an attractive alternative to the RF feeder links in satellite communications (SatCom). In this paper, we present initial results from an optical feeder link study. We discuss the architecture of a geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellite system based on optical feeder links. To mitigate the effects of cloud coverage, which is the main availability-limiting factor, Optical Ground Station (OGS) diversity is employed. Moreover, a spatial multiplexing scheme is considered. Assuming an ON-OFF channel model, the number of required OGSs to ensure availability and throughput requirements is analyzed.
Security analysis of authentication protocols for next-generation mobile and CE cloud services (2011)

A number of well-known authentication protocols are considered in the context of next-generation mobile and CE network services. The potential weaknesses of current protocols can be overcome using Zero Knowledge Proof (ZKP) techniques to protect user passwords so an alternative ZKP protocol, SeDiCi 2.0, is described. This offers mutual and also two-factor authentication that is considered more secure against various phishing attempts than existing trusted third party protocols. The suitability of such a ZKP protocol for various CE-based cloud computing applications is demonstrated.
Sequencing of Androgen-Deprivation Therapy of Short Duration With Radiotherapy for Nonmetastatic Prostate Cancer (SANDSTORM): A Pooled Analysis of 12 Randomized Trials (2022)

ADT sequencing exhibits a significant impact on clinical outcomes with a significant interaction with field size. Concurrent/adjuvant ADT should be the standard of care where short-term ADT is indicated in combination with PORT.
Assessing the Effects of Orientation and Device on 3D Positioning (2008)

We present two studies to assess which physical factors of various input devices influence 3D object movement tasks. In particular, we evaluate the factors that seem to make the mouse a good input device for constrained 3D movement tasks. The first study examines the effect of a supporting surface across orientation of input device movement and display orientation. Surprisingly, no significant results were found for the effect of physical support for constrained movement techniques. Also, no significant difference was found between matching the orientation of the display to that of the input device movement. A second study found that the mouse outperformed all tracker conditions for speed, but the presence or absence of support had no significant effect when tracker movement is constrained to 2D.
Phase I trial of EC90 (keyhole-limpet hemocyanin fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate) with GPI-0100 adjuvant followed by EC17 (Folate-Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Conjugate) in Patients (pts) with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (MRCC) (2005)

2590 Background: FolateImmune is a folate-receptor (FR)-targeted immunotherapy that induces an immune response against tumor cells by marking tumor cells with a folate-hapten conjugate targeted to over expressed FR in renal cell carcinoma. It is comprised of a vaccine containing EC90, an adjuvant (GP-0100), and a folate-hapten conjugate (Folate-FITC). Patients (pts) receive a series of subcutaneous (SQ) injections of EC90 vaccine to stimulate the production of antibodies to the fluorescein-hapten followed by SQ injections of EC17, which forms a molecular bridge between the tumor cell and the endogenous circulating anti-fluorescein IgG antibody. This may initiate an Fc-mediated immune response leading to antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in phagocyotosis. Phase I objective is to optimize dose and schedule of EC90 vaccine/EC17 folate-targeted therapy. Methods: Eligibility: positive immunohistochemical confirmation of FRs, ECOG ≤1, life expectancy >12 wks, any prior therapy, normal organ/marrow function, measurable disease, no active CNS involvement. Results: Twenty-four pts enrolled: 18 male/6 females, median 59.6 (range 34–74) years. Pathologic classification: 19-clear cell/5-non clear cell. Grade 1–2 toxicity included: rash, puritus, nausea, dyspnea, and mild change in blood pressure with associated heart rate. One pt had persistent allergic skin reaction. Toxicities were tolerable. Antibody titers generated with EC90/GP-0100 vaccine were higher during a 4-wk vaccination schedule rather than a 3 or 5-wk schedule. Antibody titers declined during the EC17 administration, thus an EC90 booster is needed. Six pts remain stable for 6+ months. Conclusion: Six pts are being enrolled into cohort 5 with a planned EC90 boost during wk 4 of the 6-wks of EC17. Additional data will be updated and presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Endocyte Celgene, Chiron, Endocyte Celgene, Chiron, Endocyte
Exploiting Directionality for Millimeter-Wave Wireless System Improvement (2015)

This paper presents directional and omnidirectional RMS delay spread statistics obtained from 28 GHz and 73 GHz ultrawideband propagation measurements carried out in New York City using a 400 Megachips per second broadband sliding correlator channel sounder and highly directional steerable horn antennas. The 28 GHz measurements did not systematically seek the optimum antenna pointing angles and resulted in 33% outage for 39 T-R separation distances within 200 m. The 73 GHz measurements systematically found the best antenna pointing angles and resulted in 14.3% outage for 35 T-R separation distances within 200 m, all for mobile height receivers. Pointing the antennas to yield the strongest received power is shown to significantly reduce RMS delay spreads in line-of-sight (LOS) environments. A new term, distance extension exponent (DEE) is defined, and used to mathematically describe the increase in coverage distance that results by combining beams from angles with the strongest received power at a given location. These results suggest that employing directionality in millimeter-wave communications systems will reduce inter-symbol interference, improve link margin at cell edges, and enhance overall system performance.
Dynamic shared state maintenance in distributed virtual environments (2004)

Advances in computer networks and rendering systems facilitate the creation of distributed collaborative environments in which the distribution of information at remote locations allows efficient communication. Particularly challenging are distributed interactive Virtual Environments (VE) that allow knowledge sharing through 3D information. 
The purpose of this work is to address the problem of latency in distributed interactive VE and to develop a conceptual model for consistency maintenance in these environments based on the participant interaction model. 
An area that needs to be explored is the relationship between the dynamic shared state and the interaction with the virtual entities present in the shared scene. Mixed Reality (MR) and VR environments must bring the human participant interaction into the loop through a wide range of electronic motion sensors, and haptic devices. Part of the work presented here defines a novel criterion for categorization of distributed interactive VE and introduces, as well as analyzes, an adaptive synchronization algorithm for consistency maintenance in such environments. 
As part of the work, a distributed interactive Augmented Reality (AR) testbed and the algorithm implementation details are presented. Currently the testbed is part of several research efforts at the Optical Diagnostics and Applications Laboratory including 3D visualization applications using custom built head-mounted displays (HMDs) with optical motion tracking and a medical training prototype for endotracheal intubation and medical prognostics. An objective method using quaternion calculus is applied for the algorithm assessment. In spite of significant network latency, results show that the dynamic shared state can be maintained consistent at multiple remotely located sites. In further consideration of the latency problems and in the light of the current trends in interactive distributed VE applications, we propose a hybrid distributed system architecture for sensor-based distributed VE that has the potential to improve the system real-time behavior and scalability. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
Targeting of the Plzf Gene in the Rat by Transcription Activator-Like Effector Nuclease Results in Caudal Regression Syndrome in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (2016)

Recently, it has been found that spontaneous mutation Lx (polydactyly-luxate syndrome) in the rat is determined by deletion of a conserved intronic sequence of the Plzf (Promyelocytic leukemia zinc finger protein) gene. In addition, Plzf is a prominent candidate gene for quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). In the current study, we tested the effects of Plzf gene targeting in the SHR using TALENs (transcription activator-like effector nucleases). SHR ova were microinjected with constructs pTAL438/439 coding for a sequence-specific endonuclease that binds to target sequence in the first coding exon of the Plzf gene. Out of 43 animals born after microinjection, we detected a single male founder. Sequence analysis revealed a deletion of G that resulted in frame shift mutation starting in codon 31 and causing a premature stop codon at position of amino acid 58. The Plzftm1Ipcv allele is semi-lethal since approximately 95% of newborn homozygous animals died perinatally. All homozygous animals exhibited manifestations of a caudal regression syndrome including tail anomalies and serious size reduction and deformities of long bones, and oligo- or polydactyly on the hindlimbs. The heterozygous animals only exhibited the tail anomalies. Impaired development of the urinary tract was also revealed: one homozygous and one heterozygous rat exhibited a vesico-ureteric reflux with enormous dilatation of ureters and renal pelvis. In the homozygote, this was combined with a hypoplastic kidney. These results provide evidence for the important role of Plzf gene during development of the caudal part of a body-column vertebrae, hindlimbs and urinary system in the rat.
ERSFQ 8-Bit Parallel Adders as a Process Benchmark (2014)

We have designed and demonstrated two versions of an ERSFQ 8-bit parallel adder. ERSFQ is a resistor-free approach to dc biasing of Single Flux Quantum circuits that dissipates orders of magnitude less power than a traditional RSFQ logic while operating and has zero dissipation in inactive mode. The adders were designed for and fabricated with various fabrication processes, including HYPRES's 1.0-μm 4-layer 4.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> process, HYPRES's 0.25-μm 4-layer 4.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> process, HYPRES's 0.25-μm 6-layer 4.5 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> planarized process, and MIT Lincoln Lab's 0.25-μm 4-layer 10 kA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> process. These circuits serve as a good LSI fabrication process benchmark. We describe design and report on test results of all versions of the adder.
Image-Based Modeling of the Human Eye (2009)

Rendering realistic organic materials is a challenging issue. The human eye is an important part of nonverbal communication which, consequently, requires specific modeling and rendering techniques to enhance the realism of virtual characters. We propose an image-based method for estimating both iris morphology and scattering features in order to generate convincing images of virtual eyes. In this regard, we develop a technique to unrefract iris photographs. We model the morphology of the human iris as an irregular multilayered tissue. We then approximate the scattering features of the captured iris. Finally, we propose a real-time rendering technique based on the subsurface texture mapping representation and introduce a precomputed refraction function as well as a caustic function, which accounts for the light interactions at the corneal interface.
Polarization diversity and multi-frequency antenna module for DCN and SDMB band using LTCC packaging technology (2006)

In this paper, packaging antenna module of two antennas of single resonance for SDMB (satellite digital multimedia broadcasting) diversity and dual resonances for DCN (data core network) and SDMB is presented. That module is used for the package integrated with antenna and filter using the LTCC (low temperature co-fire ceramic) multilayer packaging technology. The dimension of the antenna is 12.75 /spl times/ 10.25 /spl times/ 2.2 mm/sup 3/. This module is operated at 810 MHz /spl sim/ 890 MHz and 2.61 /spl sim/ 2.73 GHz including DCN band and SDMB band, respectively. The SDMB diversity antenna in the module is operated at 2.63 /spl sim/ 2.70 GHz (VSWR<2) including SDMB band. The isolation between two SDMB antennas is 13.2 dB.
2001 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems : SiPS 2001 : design and implementation, 26-28 September, 2001, Antwerp, Belgium (2001)

These papers are from the 2000 IEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems Design and Implementation. They explore: analogue and digital circuits; programmable DSPs; design methodologies and CAD; real-time operating; systems vilification; sensors; and more.
Reevaluation of the factors involved in the efficacy of new beta-lactams against Enterobacter cloacae (1991)

The roles of outer membrane permeability, beta-lactamase stability, and inhibition of penicillin-binding proteins in the activity of new beta-lactams against Enterobacter cloacae were reappraised by using several methodological improvements. Outer membrane permeability in intact cells was determined by using a high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based technique that avoided certain possible artifacts of the traditional methods. Vmax values were calculated from the numbers of enzyme molecules produced per cell and from catalytic constant (Kcat) values, which were obtained with purified beta-lactamase. Minimal periplasmic antibiotic concentrations needed to inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis were estimated from the Zimmermann-Rosselet equation. All the beta-lactams tested formed relatively stable complexes with purified beta-lactamase. The antibiotics that exhibited low affinity for beta-lactamase apparently needed higher periplasmic concentrations to inhibit cell wall synthesis, suggesting a possible correlation between the affinity of beta-lactamase and the affinity of penicillin-binding proteins for the new beta-lactams. By using these estimates of outer membrane permeability, beta-lactamase hydrolysis, and cell wall-inhibiting concentrations, MIC could be theoretically predicted to within 1 dilution for five beta-lactams in three isogenic E. cloacae strains with differences in antibiotic susceptibility due to different porin or beta-lactamase contents.
Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract (2020)

Understudied, coinfections are more frequent in pig farms than single infections. In pigs, the term "Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex" (PRDC) is often used to describe coinfections involving viruses such as swine Influenza A Virus (swIAV), Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV), and Porcine CircoVirus type 2 (PCV2) as well as bacteria like Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica. The clinical outcome of the various coinfection or superinfection situations is usually assessed in the studies while in most of cases there is no clear elucidation of the fine mechanisms shaping the complex interactions occurring between microorganisms. In this comprehensive review, we aimed at identifying the studies dealing with coinfections or superinfections in the pig respiratory tract and at presenting the interactions between pathogens and, when possible, the mechanisms controlling them. Coinfections and superinfections involving viruses and bacteria were considered while research articles including protozoan and fungi were excluded. We discuss the main limitations complicating the interpretation of coinfection/superinfection studies, and the high potential perspectives in this fascinating research field, which is expecting to gain more and more interest in the next years for the obvious benefit of animal health.
Short rib‐polydactyly syndrome: more evidence of a continuous spectrum (1999)

We report a fetus with radiological features of the four established types of short rib‐polydactyly syndrome (SRPS). The phenotype of this fetus supports the previously suggested hypothesis that the different subtypes of the short rib and polydactyly syndrome are not single entities, but rather, part of a continuous spectrum with variable expressivity.
A New Highly Efficient Three-Component Domino Heck–Diels–Alder Reaction with Bicyclopropylidene: Rapid Access to Spiro[2.5]oct-4-ene Derivatives Part 77 in the series “Cyclopropyl Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis”. For Part 76 see: S. Wiedemann, I. Marek, A. de Meijere, Synlett 2002, submitted. Part 75: M. W. Nötzel, K. Rauch, T. Labahn, A. de Meijere, Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 839–841. (2002)

Bicyclopropylidene (1) was found to surpass even methyl acrylate (17 a) in its rate of undergoing carbopalladation with aryl- or alkenylpalladium species, leading to substituted allylidenecyclopropanes 5, 7 and 10, mostly in high yields (37-78 %). These dienes and cross-conjugated trienes react in a Diels-Alder mode with dienophiles to give spiro[2.5]octenes 18 a-Ph, 18 b-Ph and 18 a-Vin, respectively, in good yields (89, 69 and 65 %). The overall transformation can be achieved as a one-pot three-component reaction with a variety of dienophiles to furnish the domino Heck-Diels-Alder products 18 regioselectively in most cases in good to very high yields (49-100 %). The reaction of 1 with iodobenzene (2-Ph) and 17 a gave 18 a-Ph in virtually quantitative yield-also on a gram scale-using only 1 mol % of catalyst, and even bromobenzene (22) gave 18 a-Ph in 59 % yield. Bicyclopropylidene (1), in the presence of palladium acetate/triphenylphosphane underwent rearrangement to allylidenecyclopropane (5-H), which in turn dimerized (73 %) in the absence of other reaction partners, or could be trapped by diethyl fumarate (17 c) to give the Diels-Alder adduct 18 c-H in 45 % yield. The coupling of oligoiodobenzenes with 1 and subsequent cycloaddition could be extended to a multicomponent reaction. In this way, 1,4-diiodobenzene (37), 1 and an alkyl acrylate gave the products 38 of a twofold Heck-Diels-Alder reaction in up to 87 % yield, 1,3,5-triiodobenzene (39) reacted in up to 72 % yield and ultimately 1,2,4,5-tetraiodobenzene (41) gave the fourfold domino Heck-Diels-Alder product 42 in 47 % isolated yield, in a single operation in which 12 new carbon-carbon bonds were formed.
Protein kinases 1988: a current perspective (1988)

This review focuses on several recent developments in the field of protein kinases. In the area of protein serine/threonine kinases, much has been learned recently about protein kinase C structure and function. Novel lipid mediators, both stimulatory and inhibitory, have been discovered, and kinase has been shown to be an increasingly large family of gene products. Heterogeneity of cellular localization and function has been documented. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases are now believed to consist of at least five enzymes, which range from those with extreme substrate specificity such as phosphorylase kinase and myosin light-chain kinases to calcium calmodulin kinase II, with several known substrates. Several of these enzymes appear to be important in synaptic transmission and, for calcium/calmodulin kinase III, in the regulation of protein synthesis. Several new examples of pseudosubstrate prototopes as endogenous kinase inhibitors have been described, including regions intrinsic to kinase primary sequences, which could serve as constitutive inhibitors of enzyme activity. In the field of protein tyrosine kinases, new enzyme species are being discovered at a rapid rate. There are several well-documented examples of kinase autophosphorylation on tyrosine leading to stimulation of catalytic activity. For the growth factor receptors with intrinsic protein tyrosine kinase activity, it now seems clear that kinase catalytic activity is necessary for most hormone effects on cells, with the general exceptions of ligand binding and, possibly, receptor cycling. Finally, several groups have recently described a close association between protein tyrosine kinases and a phosphatidylinositol kinase activity, a link that might eventually explain some of the initial steps in signal transduction that occur after kinase activation.
Palladium-Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions of Aryl Bromides at Atmospheric Pressure: A General System Based on Xantphos (2008)

A method for the Pd-catalyzed carbonylation of aryl bromides has been developed using Xantphos as the ligand. This method is effective for the direct synthesis of Weinreb amides, primary and secondary benzamides, and methyl esters from the corresponding aryl bromides at atmospheric pressure. In addition, a putative catalytic intermediate, (Xanphos)Pd(Br)benzoyl, was prepared and an X-ray crystal structure was obtained revealing an unusual cis-coordination mode of Xantphos in this palladium-acyl complex.