gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable efficacy of passive antibody administration against diverse Cryptococcus neoformans strains (1995)

The efficacy of monoclonal antibody (MAb 2H1) against diverse strains of Cryptococcus neoformans was studied in a murine model of intravenous infection. For six of eight strains, administration of MAb prior to infection prolonged survival of mice. For two strains, 371 and SB4A, administration of MAb prior to infection did not prolong survival in multiple experiments with inocula ranging from 10(2) to 10(6) yeast cells per mouse. Mice infected with strains 371 and SB4A had fewer CFU than non-MAb-treated controls, but the CFU reduction was not sufficient to affect survival. Serum glucuronoxylomannan (GXM) levels varied for the different C. neoformans strains. For mice that did not receive MAb 2H1, there was a positive correlation between lung fungal burden and serum GXM levels. MAb 2H1-treated mice had significantly reduced serum GXM levels. The results indicate that the efficacy of MAb 2H1 administration in prolonging survival and/or reducing organ CFU varies with the C. neoformans strain.
Excess bone marrow mast cells constitutively express CD154 (CD40 ligand) in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and may support tumor cell growth through CD154/CD40 pathway (2004)

6555 Background: Excess mast cells (MC) have been described in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM), though the frequency of detection of MC and their role in the pathogenesis of WM remains to be clarified. Methods: BM biopsies of 188 patients diagnosed with an IgM monoclonal gammopathy at our institution were reviewed. Excess MC were observed in 123/171 (71.9%) cases of WM, but not in IgM MGUS (n=14), IgM myeloma (n=3), or in 5 healthy donors. To determine if WM patient MC were activated and expressed ligands which could support the growth of WM cells, we used multicolor flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and/or RT-PCR to examine BM MC (CD117+ FceRI+) for expression of CD154 (CD40 ligand) and CD153 (CD30 ligand). BM LPC were also evaluated for expression of CD30 and CD40, the signaling receptors for CD154 and CD153. BM LPC proliferation by CD40 stimulation was also evaluated by 3H-thymidine uptake. The secretion of cytokines which could support the growth and survival of MC was also evaluated by ELISA. Results: CD154 and CD153 were expressed on BM MC from 14/15 (93.3%) and 6/6 (100%) patients with WM, respectively, but not on normal donor BM MC. Immunohistochemistry and/or RT-PCR analysis further confirmed expression of CD154 and CD153 on WM MC, but not normal donor MC. Bright CD40 expression was observed on LPC in most patients, whereas CD30 was weakly positive in 3/12 patients. Given the above, we next evaluated purified BM LPC for growth induction by CD40 stimulation, and demonstrated dose dependent uptake of 3H-thymidine. Lastly, in an evaluation of mast cell growth factors, we observed elevated levels of IL-3, but not IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-9, IL-13, IL-15 and SCF in patients with WM (n=41) versus healthy donors (n=20) (p=0.01). Conclusions: The results suggest that MC may play a central role in the growth of WM tumor cells through the CD154/CD40 pathway. Moreover, WM tumor cells may provide support for MC growth and survival by secretion of IL-3. These data provide the rationale for targeting MC-WM tumor cells interactions in the treatment of WM. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Premature ejaculation: prevalent but poorly understood. (2000)

One of the least understood areas of urology and sexual dysfunction is ejaculation, the process by which the ejaculate, once it is deposited into the posterior urethra (seminal emission), is transported in an antegrade fashion out of the urethra. In the male, orgasm is the sensory perception of the ejaculatory response. Disorders of ejaculation can be divided into 3 main categories: anejaculation (inability to ejaculate and, by assumption, to experience orgasm), retrograde ejaculation (ejaculate goes into the bladder, but orgasm is still appreciated), and premature ejaculation (PE) (ejaculation and orgasm occur but much sooner than the patient and/or partner desires). This review will focus on PE and encompass a number of complementary studies.
Ankle Fractures in the Elderly: Initial and Long-Term Outcomes (2008)

Early postoperative outcomes after operative fixation of ankle fractures suggest significantly worse outcomes for patients over age 65. However, long-term function in the elderly was comparable to patients under age 65 in this sample. The elderly population had a significantly better mental composite score than the non-elderly.
The MusiNet project: Addressing the challenges in Networked Music Performance systems (2015)

This paper presents the progress in the MusiNet research project, which aims to provide a comprehensive architecture and a prototype implementation of a Networked Music Performance (NMP) system. We describe the Musinet client and server components, and the different approaches followed in our research effort in order to culminate in the most appropriate scheme in terms of delay and quality for the audio and video streams involved. We also describe the MusiNet user interface, which allows an integrated communication between the participants and the proposed NMP system.
Value of Information in Networked Control Systems Subject to Delay (2021)

In this paper, we study the trade-off between the transmission cost and the control performance of a networked control system subject to network-induced delay. Within the linear–quadratic–Gaussian (LQG) framework, the joint design of control policy and networking strategy is decomposed into separate optimization problems. Based on the trade-off analysis, a delay-dependent Value-of-Information (VoI) metric which quanties the value of transmitting a data packet is introduced. The VoI enables the decision-makers embedded in subsystems to design the triggering policy. The proposed scalable VoI inherits the task criticality of the existing VoI metric. Additionally, the sensitivity to the system parameters such as information freshness and network delays is directly derivable. The VoI-based scheduling policy is shown to outperform the periodical triggering policy and the Age-of-Information (AoI) based policy for network control systems under transmission delay. The effectiveness of the constructed VoI with arbitrary network delay is validated through numerical simulations.
Reduction in serum clusterin is a potential therapeutic biomarker in patients with castration‐resistant prostate cancer treated with custirsen (2013)

Elevated levels of clusterin (CLU), a stress-induced and secreted cytoprotective chaperone, are associated with advanced tumor stage, metastasis, treatment resistance, and adverse outcome in several cancers. Custirsen, a second-generation antisense oligonucleotide, inhibits CLU production in tumor cells and reduces serum CLU levels. A Phase 2 study evaluated custirsen in combination with second-line chemotherapy in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) who had progressed while on or within 6 months of first-line docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Exploratory analyses evaluated serum CLU levels during custirsen treatment and correlative clinical effects on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response, overall survival, and any relationship between serum CLU and PSA. Men with mCRPC were treated with mitoxantrone/prednisone/custirsen (MPC, n = 22) or docetaxel retreatment/prednisone/custirsen (DPC plus DPC-Assigned, n = 45) in an open-label, multicenter study. Subject-specific profiles of PSA and serum CLU levels during treatment were characterized using statistical modeling to compute subject-specific summary measures; these measures were analyzed for relationship to survival using proportional hazard regression. Estimated individual serum CLU response profiles were scored as below or at/above the median level for the population through 100 days postrandomization. Median survival was longer for subjects scoring below the median serum CLU level compared with subjects at/above the median level, respectively (MPC: 15.1 months vs. 6.2 months; DPC-Pooled: 17.0 months vs. 12.1 months). Lowered serum CLU levels during custirsen treatment when in combination with either chemotherapy regimen were predictive of longer survival in mCRPC. These results support further evaluation of serum CLU as a therapeutic biomarker.
First‐pass contrast‐enhanced inversion recovery and driven equilibrium fast gre imaging studies: Detection of acute myocardial ischemia (1995)

The purpose of this study was (1) to monitor the dynamic effects of T1-enhancing and magnetic susceptibility contrast material on normal canine myocardium using inversion recovery (IR)- and driven equilibrium (DE)-prepared fast gradient-recalled echo (GRE) sequences and (2) to determine the relative value of T1-enhancing and magnetic susceptibility contrast material in detecting regions of ischemia in the same animal. Normal dogs (n = 5) and dogs with acute occlusion of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (n = 11) were studied using a 1.5-T MR imager. ECG-gated fast IR-prepared GRE images were acquired using TI/TR/TE of 700/7.0/2.9 msec and a flip angle of 7 degrees. Fast DE-prepared GRE images were obtained using a flip angle of 12 degrees and a DE delay/TR/TE of 60/10.2/4.2 msec. Sequential images were acquired to monitor transit of 0.05 mmol/kg gadodiamide injection and 0.2 and 0.4 mmol/kg sprodiamide injection. On slice-nonselective IR fast GRE images, gadodiamide caused significant enhancement of the normal myocardium and the left ventricular (LV) chamber blood. In dogs with LAD occlusion, the ischemic region was defined as an area of low signal intensity (SI). On DE-prepared GRE sequences, administration of sprodiamide resulted in a substantial decrease in signal from normal myocardium and LV chamber blood in normal dogs. In animals subjected to LAD occlusion, this contrast medium produced a transient decrease in SI from normal myocardium (P < .05) and no significant change in SI from ischemic myocardium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cover Picture (2001)

The cover picture shows the operation of cavity ring-down spectroscopy, in which femtosecond dynamics is followed with a time microscope by recording individual bounces of a ring-down profile from a short optical resonator (either empty or filled with a dye solution). The temporal imaging is achieved by sum-frequency upconversion of the ring-down profile and the Gaussian profile of the initial pump pulse, both of which are chirped and dispersed (phase relations are not indicated in the picture). Find out more in the communication by Zare et al. on pages 118–121.
SpinLoc (2012)

The rapid growth of location-based applications has spurred extensive research on localization. Nonetheless, indoor localization remains an elusive problem mostly because the accurate techniques come at the expense of cumbersome war-driving or additional infrastructure. Towards a solution that is easier to adopt, we propose SpinLoc that is free from these requirements. Instead, SpinLoc levies a little bit of the localization burden on the humans, expecting them to rotate around once to estimate their locations. Our main observation is that wireless signals attenuate differently, based on how the human body is blocking the signal. We find that this attenuation can reveal the directions of the APs in indoor environments, ultimately leading to localization. This paper studies the feasibility of SpinLoc in real-world indoor environments using off-the-shelf WiFi hardware. Our preliminary evaluation demonstrates accuracies comparable toschemes that rely on expensive war-driving.
Determination of Horizontal and Vertical Permeabilities Using Multiprobe Wire line Formation Tester in Layered Formations (1995)

A new interpretation technique is described for determining the horizontal and vertical permeabilities and the porosity-total compressibility product using a multiprobe wireline formation tester. The multi probe tester (tool) provides the capability to conduct controlled local production and interference tests along an openhole. It also permits flexible configuration. In this paper, we describe a three-probe configuration that consists of a sink, a diametrically opposite horizontal observation probe, and one vertically displaced observation probe. Pressure measurements from two observation probes are used for the estimation of unknown formation parameters. In layered and heterogeneous formations, this configuration allows one to test interlayer communication and to determine individual layer properties. The interpretation technique is applied for the estimation of the layer horizontal and vertical permeabilities and the porosity and total compressibility product for a carbonate formation in an offshore field in Abu Dhabi.IntroductionIn this paper, we present a new technique for determining horizontal and vertical permeabilities and storativity (the porosity and total compressibility product) using the multi probe wireline formation tester (MDT* Modular Formation Dynamics Tester1) pressure measurements. The multiprobe tester provides the capability to conduct controlled local production and interference tests in openhole wells as well as permits flexible configuration. The formation pressures along the well bore are measured at three different locations by a sink (production) probe and two observation probes, as shown in Fig. l. The first observation probe is called horizontal probe, which is diametrically opposite from the sink probe. The second observation probe is called vertical probe, which is vertically displaced at a distance of 2.3 ft from the sink probe.
Website Properties in Relation to the Quality of Text Extracted for Web Corpora (2022)

In this paper we present our research concerning the relation between two properties of websites and the quality of the text extracted from a website in the context of crawling the web and building large web corpora. A manual classification of text quality of 18 thousand websites from 21 European languages was used to verify our assumption that certain web domain properties can be used to identify potential sources of bad quality content. The first property is the distance of a web domain from the seed domains in a web crawl. The second property studied in this work is the length of the website name. Although these properties were recommended to help identify good quality websites in our previous work, in this paper we show there is only a small difference between the quality of text-rich web domains with various seed distances or name lengths. This conclusion holds for the post-crawling text processing when starting the web crawl with a large amount of seed domains.
Aminolysis of Epoxides in a Microreactor System: A Continuous Flow Approach to β-Amino Alcohols (2010)

The use of a continuous flow microreactor for β-amino alcohol formation by epoxide aminolysis is evaluated. Comparison to microwave batch reactions reveals that conditions obtainable in the microreactor can match or improve yields in many cases. By increasing the pressure of the system, maximum temperatures can also exceed those accessible using a microwave unit. The use of a microreactor for epoxide aminolysis reactions in the synthesis of two pharmaceutical relevant compounds is described.
Biodegradation of groundwater pollutants by a combined culture ofMycobacterium vaccaeand aRhodococcussp. (1997)

The catabolism of selected groundwater pollutants by a combined culture of Mycobacterium vaccae and a Rhodococcus sp. (strain R-22) was investigated. The M. vaccae-R-22 combined culture was five times more effective in mineralizing benzene than either organism alone. Mycobacterium vaccae oxidized benzene to phenol, and R-22 catabolized the phenol to cellular components and CO2. Benzene did not support growth of M. vaccae, R-22, or the combined culture. Optimization of ratios of the two species indicated that the maximum mineralization of benzene occurred at an initial ratio of 75% M. vaccae to 25% R-22. Cell fractionation of the combined culture after mineralization of [U-14C]benzene indicated that 10% of the benzene carbon was incorporated into cell material, and of this 45% was present in protein and 20% in nucleic acids. This suggested that minimally one species could utilize the products of benzene as a nutrient source. The M. vaccae-R-22 combined culture catabolized ethylbenzene and chlorobenzene without the accumulation of phenolic intermediates, which are inhibitory to M. vaccae's ability to degrade the parent compounds. This study demonstrates that defined mixed cultures may be useful in studying the effects of environmental pollutant degradation on microbial ecosystems and mineralization of these pollutants by the ecosystem.
Protocol for Federated Filesystems v1.0 (2007)

This document describes a file system federation protocol that enables
file access and namespace traversal across collections of
independently administered fileservers. The protocol specifies a set
of interfaces by which fileservers and collections of fileservers with
different administrators can form a fileserver federation that
provides a namespace composed of the filesystems physically hosted on
and exported by the constituent fileservers. RFC 2119 Keywords
A Soft X-Ray Streak Camera Using A Microchannel Plate Photocathode (1988)

We present data characterizing an x-ray streak camera which uses a microchannel plate as a photocathode. The microchannel plate provides good sensitivity to soft x-ray photons and adjustable gain in addition to one dimensional spatial imaging. The streak camera was used in conjunction with a high sensitivity CCD camera and a computer data acquisition system. The resulting detection system has single photon sensitivity, a time resolution of better than 200 psec, and a dynamic range exceeding 103.
The Contribution of RING and B-box 2 Domains to Retroviral Restriction Mediated by Monkey TRIM5α (2005)

TRIM5alpha is a cytoplasmic protein that mediates a post-entry block to infection by some retroviruses. TRIM5alpha contains a tripartite motif (TRIM), which includes RING, B-box 2, and coiled-coil domains, and a C-terminal B30.2 (SPRY) domain. We investigated the contribution of the RING and B-box 2 domains to the antiretroviral activity of rhesus monkey TRIM5alpha (TRIM5alpharh), which potently restricts infection by human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1) and simian immunodeficiency virus of African green monkeys (SIVagm). Disruption of the RING domain caused mislocalization of TRIM5alpharh so that the cytoplasmic level of the protein was decreased compared with that of the wild-type protein. Nonetheless, partial ability to restrict HIV-1 and SIVagm was retained by the RING domain mutants. By contrast, although TRIM5alpharh mutants with disrupted B-box 2 domains were efficiently expressed and correctly localized to the cytoplasm, antiretroviral activity was absent. The B-box 2 mutants colocalized and associated with wild-type TRIM5alpharh and exerted dominant-negative effects on the antiretroviral activity of the wild-type protein. Taken together with other data, these results indicate that functionally defective TRIM5alpharh molecules that retain a coiled coil can act as dominant-negative inhibitors of wild-type TRIM5alpharh function. The RING domain of TRIM5alpharh is not absolutely required for retrovirus restriction but can influence cytoplasmic levels of the protein and thus indirectly alter function. The B-box 2 domain, by contrast, appears to be essential for efficient retrovirus restriction.
Effect of Cutting Fluid on Diamond Tool Life under Micro V-Groove Turning of Cobalt-Free Tungsten Carbide (2014)

Micro-machining of hard dies and molds for optical parts or precision instruments is required to extend die and mold life. This paper investigates the effect of cutting fluid on diamond tool life under micro V-groove turning of cobalt-free tungsten carbide. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate fluid (ZnDTP) displayed excellent diamond tool wear resistance in previous experiments. The performance of this cutting fluid is compared to newly developed vegetable oil based cutting fluid with dispersed MoS 2 nanotubes. This paper investigates nanopolycrystalline diamond (NPD) tool life with a rake angle of 0° and-30° under continuous micro V-groove turning (i.e. face turning), of cobalt-free tungsten carbide using the developed cutting fluids. Superior diamond tool edge wear resistance is observed when using the dispersed MoS 2 nanotubes in vegetable oil and using a NPD tool with a-30° rake angle.
A Backward-Compatible Multichannel Audio Codec (2007)

We propose in this paper a backward-compatible multichannel audio codec. This codec represents a multichannel audio input signal by a down mix and parametric data. In order to enable backward compatibility, it is necessary to have the possibility of exerting control over the down-mixing procedure. At the same time, in order to achieve a high coding efficiency, both signal and perceptual redundancies should be exploited. In this paper, we describe a codec that unifies the above-mentioned conditions: backward compatibility and exploitation of both signal and perceptual redundancies. The codec combines a high audio quality and a low parameter bit rate. Moreover, its design is flexible, examples of which are the scalability of the audio quality to (in principle) transparency and the possibility to preserve the correlation structure of the original input signals by using synthetic signals. A stereo backward compatible version of the proposed codec is used as a component of the recently standardized MPEG Surround multichannel audio codec.
Results of a 5-Year N-of-1 Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone Gene Therapy Experiment (2021)

Here presented for the first time are results showing persistence over a 5+ year period in a human who had a hormone gene therapy administered to muscle. This growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) therapy was administered in two doses, a year apart, with a mean after the second dose of 195 ng/mL (13 × normal, σ = 143, σ<sub>M</sub> = 34, max = 495, min = 53). This level of GHRH therapy appears to be safe for the subject, although there were some adverse events. Insulin-like growth factor 1 levels were little affected, nor were the growth hormone test results, showing no indications of acromegaly for the hormone homologue used. Heart rate declined 8 to 13 bpm, persistent over 5 years. Testosterone rose by 52% (σ = 22%, σ<sub>M</sub> = 6%). The high-density lipoprotein/low-density lipoprotein ratio dropped from 3.61 to mean 2.81 (σ = 0.26, σ<sub>M</sub> = 0.057, max = 3.3, min = 2.5), and triglycerides declined from 196 mg/dL to mean 94.4 mg/dL (σ = 21.9, σ<sub>M</sub> = 5.0, min = 59, max = 133, min = 59). White blood cell counts increased, however, the baseline was not strong. CD4 and CD8 mean increased by11.7% (σ = 11.6%, σ<sub>M</sub> = 3.3%, max = 30.7%, min = -9.6%) and 12.0% (σ = 10.5%, σ<sub>M</sub> = 3.0%, max = 29.1%, min = -6.7%), respectively. Ancillary observations comprise an early period of euphoria, and a dramatic improvement in visual correction after the first dose, spherical correction from baseline (L/R) -2.25/-2.75 to -0.25/-0.5. Over the next 5 years, correction drifted back to -1.25/-1.75. Horvath PhenoAge was cut 44.1% post-treatment. At completion, epigenetic age was -6 years (-9.3%), and telomere age was +7 months (+0.9%).
Activation energy for alkaline-earth ion transport in low alkali aluminoborosilicate glasses (2013)

Activation energies (Ea) for ionic conduction in low-alkali boroaluminosilicate glasses due to alkaline-earth (Ba, Ca) and alkali (Na) ion transport have been estimated using thermally stimulated depolarization current (TSDC) and AC impedance spectroscopy techniques. The TSDC plot showed distinct relaxation peaks which shifted to higher temperatures with increasing ramp rates, and the dielectric dispersion plot showed individual low frequency relaxation peaks indicating space charge polarization due to transport of cations with different Ea (0.93, 1.83, and 3.5 eV for Na, Ba, and Ca, respectively). The higher value of Ea for Ca transport is attributed to mixed alkaline earth effect.