gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (2023)

A photonic-crystal surface-emitting laser (PCSEL) includes a gain medium electromagnetically coupled to a photonic crystal whose energy band structure exhibits a Dirac cone of linear dispersion at the center of the photonic crystal's Brillouin zone. This Dirac cone's vertex is called a Dirac point; because it is at the Brillouin zone center, it is called an accidental Dirac point. Tuning the photonic crystal's band structure (e.g., by changing the photonic crystal's dimensions or refractive index) to exhibit an accidental Dirac point increases the photonic crystal's mode spacing by orders of magnitudes and reduces or eliminates the photonic crystal's distributed in-plane feedback. Thus, the photonic crystal can act as a resonator that supports single-mode output from the PCSEL over a larger area than is possible with conventional PCSELs, which have quadratic band edge dispersion. Because output power generally scales with output area, this increase in output area results in higher possible output powers.
Low loss high refractive index niobium oxide waveguide platform for visible light applications (2018)

We investigate niobium oxide (NbO) as an alternative waveguide material for applications in the visible spectral range. NbO has a refractive index ranging between 2.3 and 2.35, which is about 25% higher than SiN, the most widely used material for waveguides in the visible spectral range. This increased index contrast between NbO and the cladding material allows to fabricate optical components with much smaller footprint, and consequently to increase the density of photonic integrated circuits substantially. We benchmark this waveguide platform to imec’s CMOS compatible PECVD SiN platform and observe fairly similar loss numbers for both materials.
Stochastic-Computing Based Brainwave LSI Towards an Intelligence Edge (2019)

Stochastic computing has been recently studied for soft-error-resilient hardware and approximate computing, such as image processing and machine learning. This paper presents stochastic-computing based brainware (brain-inspired) hardware and discusses the advantages and disadvantages with the recent developments. In addition, several brainware LSIs (BLSIs) towards an intelligence edge are introduced, such as physiological models and neural networks.
Chitooligosaccharide Induces Mitochondrial Biogenesis and Increases Exercise Endurance through the Activation of Sirt1 and AMPK in Rats (2012)

By catabolizing glucose and lipids, mitochondria produce ATPs to meet energy demands. When the number and activity of mitochondria are not sufficient, the human body becomes easily fatigued due to the lack of ATP, thus the control of the quantity and function of mitochondria is important to optimize energy balance. By increasing mitochondrial capacity? it may be possible to enhance energy metabolism and improve exercise endurance. Here, through the screening of various functional food ingredients, we found that chitooligosaccharide (COS) is an effective inducer of mitochondrial biogenesis. In rodents, COS increased the mitochondrial content in skeletal muscle and enhanced exercise endurance. In cultured myocytes, the expression of major regulators of mitochondrial biogenesis and key components of mitochondrial electron transfer chain was increased upon COS treatment. COS-mediated induction of mitochondrial biogenesis was achieved in part by the activation of silent information regulator two ortholog 1 (Sirt1) and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Taken together, our data suggest that COS could act as an exercise mimetic by inducing mitochondrial biogenesis and enhancing exercise endurance through the activation of Sirt1 and AMPK.
First Applications of GLM Data for National Climate Assessment (NCA) Studies (2018)

The Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) offers a new and exciting way to probe lightning/climate inter-relationships, and therefore supports the National Climate Assessment (NCA) program. In particular, there is a desire to use GLM to estimate lightning nitrogen oxides (LNOx) since trace quantities of NOx affect greenhouse gas concentrations (e.g., ozone).
Evolution of the ion environment of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (2015)

Context. The Rosetta spacecraft is escorting comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko from a heliocentric distance of >3.6 AU, where the comet activity was low, until perihelion at 1.24 AU. Initially, the solar wind permeates the thin comet atmosphere formed from sublimation.
Team 8: Combat Identification and Fratricide:A Human Affair (2008)

from Scythe : Proceedings and Bulletin of the International Data Farming Community, Issue 4 Workshop 16
Photon dosimetry using plastic scintillators in pulsed radiation fields (2007)

Simulations and experiments have been carried out to explore using a plastic scintillator as a dosimetry probe in the vicinity of a pulsed bremsstrahlung source in the range 4 to 20 MeV. Taking advantage of the tissue-equivalent properties of this detector in conjunction with the use of a fast digital signal processor near real-time dosimetry was shown to be possible. The importance of accounting for a broad energy electron beam in bremsstrahlung production, and photon scattering and build-up, in correctly interpreting dosimetry results at long stand-off distances is highlighted by comparing real world experiments with ideal geometry simulations. Close agreement was found between absorbed energy calculations based upon spectroscopic techniques and calculations based upon signal integration, showing a ratio between 10 MeV absorbed dose to 12 MeV absorbed dose of 0.66 at a distance of 91.4 m from the accelerator. This is compared with an idealized model simulation with a monoenergetic electron beam and without scattering, where the ratio was 0.46.
Real-Time Catheter Tracking and Adaptive Imaging for Interventional Cardiovascular MRI (2005)

Image-guided cardiovascular interventions, like stent-supported angioplasty, are currently performed using x-ray fluoroscopy.Though x-ray fluoroscopy has enabled these procedures to be executed safely and successfully, MRI may provide additional valuable capabilities.These additional capabilities allow the interventionalist to inspect structures in the vessel wall and surrounding tissue during the procedure, instead of being limited to information about the size of the vessel lumen.This may be critical when assessing the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque.
Human heavy chain disease protein WIS: implications for the organization of immunoglobulin genes. (1979)

Protein WIS is a human gamma3 heavy (H) chain disease immunoglobulin variant whose amino acid sequence is most readily interpreted by postulating that three residues of the amino terminus are followed by a deletion of most of the variable (VH) domain, which ends at the variable-constant (VC) joining region. Then there is a stretch of eight residues, three of which are unusual, while the other five have striking homology to the VC junction sequence. This is followed by a second deletion, which ends at the beginning of the quadruplicated hinge region. These findings are consistent with mutations resulting in deletions of most of the gene coding for the V region and CH1 domain followed by splicing at the VC joining region and at the hinge. These structural features fit well the notion of genetic discontinuity between V and C genes and also suggest similar mechanisms of excision and splicing in the interdomain regions of the C gene of the heavy chain.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐(ortho‐Aryloxyphenyl)arylimidoyl Radicals: Novel 1,5‐Aryl Radical Translocation from Oxygen to Carbon. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Boosting Quantum Battery-Based IoT Gadgets via RF-Enabled Energy Harvesting (2022)

The search for a highly portable and efficient supply of energy to run small-scale wireless gadgets has captivated the human race for the past few years. As a part of this quest, the idea of realizing a Quantum battery (QB) seems promising. Like any other practically tractable system, the design of QBs also involve several critical challenges. The main problem in this context is to ensure a lossless environment pertaining to the closed-system design of the QB, which is extremely difficult to realize in practice. Herein, we model and optimize various aspects of a Radio-Frequency (RF) Energy Harvesting (EH)-assisted, QB-enabled Internet-of-Things (IoT) system. Several RF-EH modules (in the form of micro- or nano-meter-sized integrated circuits (ICs)) are placed in parallel at the IoT receiver device, and the overall correspondingly harvested energy helps the involved Quantum sources achieve the so-called quasi-stable state. Concretely, the Quantum sources absorb the energy of photons that are emitted by a photon-emitting device controlled by a micro-controller, which also manages the overall harvested energy from the RF-EH ICs. To investigate the considered framework, we first minimize the total transmit power under the constraints on overall harvested energy and the number of RF-EH ICs at the QB-enabled wireless IoT device. Next, we optimize the number of RF-EH ICs, subject to the constraints on total transmit power and overall harvested energy. Correspondingly, we obtain suitable analytical solutions to the above-mentioned problems, respectively, and also cross-validate them using a non-linear program solver. The effectiveness of the proposed technique is reported in the form of numerical results, which are both theoretical and simulations based, by taking a range of operating system parameters into account.
Toxic PR n poly-dipeptides encoded by the C9orf72 repeat expansion block nuclear import and export (2017)

The toxic proline:arginine (PR<sub>n</sub>) poly-dipeptide encoded by the (GGGGCC)<sub>n</sub> repeat expansion in the <i>C9orf72</i> form of heritable amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) binds to the central channel of the nuclear pore and inhibits the movement of macromolecules into and out of the nucleus. The PR<sub>n</sub> poly-dipeptide binds to polymeric forms of the phenylalanine:glycine (FG) repeat domain, which is shared by several proteins of the nuclear pore complex, including those in the central channel. A method of chemical footprinting was used to characterize labile, cross-β polymers formed from the FG domain of the Nup54 protein. Mutations within the footprinted region of Nup54 polymers blocked both polymerization and binding by the PR<sub>n</sub> poly-dipeptide. The aliphatic alcohol 1,6-hexanediol melted FG domain polymers in vitro and reversed PR<sub>n</sub>-mediated enhancement of the nuclear pore permeability barrier. These data suggest that toxicity of the PR<sub>n</sub> poly-dipeptide results in part from its ability to lock the FG repeats of nuclear pore proteins in the polymerized state. Our study offers a mechanistic interpretation of PR<sub>n</sub> poly-dipeptide toxicity in the context of a prominent form of ALS.
A Unified and Efficient Approach for Free-form Deformable Registration (2007)

We propose a novel numerical approach for solving the free-form deformable registration problem. The central idea is to utilize the well understood techniques from variational deformable registration problems. We demonstrate that it is possible to formulate the free-form deformable registration problem as the optimization of an energy functional as in the dense deformation case. This energy functional possesses image distance and regularization terms, which are both functions of the free-form deformation control points. We then setup a semi-backward (implicit) partial differential equation that optimizes the established energy functional. In addition to being mathematically justified, this approach provides both accuracy and speed. Our evaluation on synthetic, real, two dimensional, and three dimensional data demonstrates accuracy and computational effectiveness.
Rapid SiO2 Atomic Layer Deposition Using Tris(tert-pentoxy)silanol (2008)

Rapid SiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD) can deposit very thick and conformal SiO2 films by silanol exposure to surfaces covered with Al catalysts. In this study, we have explored the growth of rapid SiO2 ALD films using liquid tris(tert-pentoxy)silanol (TPS). The SiO2 film thicknesses were determined using quartz crystal microbalance and X-ray reflectivity measurements. The SiO2 film thicknesses deposited during one silanol exposure were dependent on the substrate temperature, silanol pressure, and silanol exposure time. The dependence of the SiO2 growth on these parameters helped to establish the mechanism of rapid SiO2 ALD. For TPS exposures of 1 s, the SiO2 ALD growth rate was larger at lower temperatures and higher TPS pressures. SiO2 ALD thicknesses of 125−140 Å were observed at the highest TPS pressures of ∼1 Torr at lower temperatures of 150 and 175 °C. Rapid SiO2 ALD is believed to result from the growth of siloxane polymer chains at the Al-catalytic sites and the cross-linking of these polymer chains to form a dense SiO2 film. The results indicated that higher TPS fluxes increase the siloxane polymerization rates. Likewise, the lower temperatures reduce the cross-linking rates between the siloxane polymers that self-limit the SiO2 deposition. To explore the rate of cross-linking between the siloxane polymers, experiments were conducted where small TPS micropulses were employed with different delay times between the micropulses. The SiO2 ALD thicknesses decreased with increasing delay times. This behavior suggested that the longer delay times produced more cross-linking that self-limits the SiO2 deposition. Other experiments showed that higher temperatures produced faster nucleation of the rapid SiO2 ALD. The nucleation was nearly immediate at the higher temperatures and could be as long as 10 s at the lower temperatures. The growth kinetics of rapid SiO2 ALD can be understood in terms of the temperature dependence of nucleation and cross-linking and the pressure dependence of the siloxane polymerization rate. Rapid SiO2 ALD was also dependent on the presence of pyridine derivatives in the TPS. These Lewis base impurities catalyze both the initial nucleation and the cross-linking reaction during rapid SiO2 ALD.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Studies of Some Novel Quinoline Derivatives (1992)

Abstract An intramolecular Wittig reaction of some substituted aminoacetophenones was used for the synthesis of novel quinoline derivatives. In addition, the base induced cyclization of the aminoacetophenones was investigated. The IR and NMR spectra of the quinoline derivatives are reported.
Oxandrolone (2006)

Akyurek, Mustafa M.D.; Dunn, Raymond M. M.D. Plastic Surgery Educational Foundation DATA Committee Author Information
Approximations of Stochastic Hybrid Systems (2009)

Abstract—This paper develops a notion of approximation for a class of stochastic hybrid systems that includes, as special cases, both jump linear stochastic systems and linear stochastic hybrid automata. Our approximation framework is based on the recently developed notion of the so-called stochastic simulation functions. These Lyapunov-like functions can be used to rigorously quantify the distance or error between a system and its approximate abstraction. For the class of jump linear stochastic systems and linear stochastic hybrid automata, we show that the computation of stochastic simulation functions can be cast as a tractable linear matrix inequality problem. This enables us to compute the modeling error incurred by abstracting some of the continuous dynamics, or by neglecting the influence of stochastic noise, or even the influence of stochastic discrete jumps. Index Terms—Approximation, bisimulation, stochastic hybrid systems, verification.
On Passive Multiaxial Mechanical Response of Lymphatic Vessels (2006)

Characterization of multiaxial mechanical response of vascular soft tissue is an essential step to develop engineered tissue and novel devices to treat various cardiovascular pathologies. Although numerous studies have been conducted to characterize blood vessels, little attention has been paid to lymphatic vessels that play a prominent role in interstitial fluid balance and immune response. Pressure diameter tests at different axial stretches and extension tests at different transmural pressure were carried out on bovine mesenteric lymphatic vessels obtained from local slaughterhouse. Tests were carried out using a custom made computer controlled inflation-extension device at room temperature within 4hr of harvesting. PBS was used as perfusion medium and to ensure passive behavior. The response, as in the case of blood vessels, is nonlinear, anisotropic and viscoelastic. The results from pressure diameter test (Fig) show that the response in hoop direction is dependent on axial stretch. The vessel gets less compliant in hoop direction with increase in axial length. Also it is evident that the vessels are more compliant in hoop direction than in axial direction. It is interesting to note that the response in axial direction does not show any definite trend with change in transmural pressure (Fig 2). AHA-0365127Y Figure 1:Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Hoop Stress vs Hoop Strech Figure 2:Open in figure viewerPowerPoint Axial Stress vs Axial
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐ and 6‐(6‐Chloro‐3‐pyridyl)‐2‐azabicyclo[2.2.0]hexanes. Epibatidine Analogues. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
High Seroprevalence of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Chelsea, Massachusetts (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 antibody testing allows quantitative determination of disease prevalence, which is especially important in high-risk communities. We performed anonymized convenience sampling of 200 currently asymptomatic residents of Chelsea, the epicenter of COVID-19 illness in Massachusetts, by BioMedomics SARS-CoV-2 combined IgM-IgG point-of-care lateral flow immunoassay. The seroprevalence was 31.5% (17.5% IgM+IgG+, 9.0% IgM+IgG-, and 5.0% IgM-IgG+). Of the 200 participants, 50.5% reported no symptoms in the preceding 4 weeks, of which 24.8% (25/101) were seropositive, and 60% of these were IgM+IgG-. These data are the highest seroprevalence rates observed to date and highlight the significant burden of asymptomatic infection.
Active Translation of the D-1 Protein of Photosystem II in Senescing Leaves (1992)

Primary leaves of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) show pronounced symptoms of senescence within 21 days of planting. Total RNA levels decline by approximately fourfold, and pulse-labeling studies with [(35)S]methionine have indicated that synthesis of all thylakoid proteins except the D-1 protein of photosystem II is sharply curtailed. Measurements of transcript levels for D-1, which is encoded by psbA, and for two other thylakoid proteins, the 68- to 70-kilodalton protein of photosystem I encoded by psaA/B and the beta subunit of ATPase encoded by atpB/E, have indicated that the continued strong synthesis of D-1 relative to other proteins in senescing thylakoids does not reflect differential changes in message abundance. Specifically, although transcript quantity for each of these proteins decreases by approximately fourfold with advancing senescence, only the 68- to 70-kilodalton protein of photosystem I and the beta-subunit of ATPase show decreased synthesis. As well, the proportion of total psbA transcript associated with polysomes is higher in senescent leaves than in young leaves, whereas for each of psaA/B and atpB/E, there is less message in polysome formation in the senescent leaves than in young leaves. Thus, the continued strong synthesis of D-1 in senescent leaves appears to reflect preferential sequestering of ribosomes by psbA transcript from a dwindling ribosome pool. This ability to preferentially sequester ribosomes may be related to the unusually high turnover rate that characterizes D-1.
Maximum Likelihood Estimation of a Stochastic Integrate-and-Fire Neural Encoding Model (2004)

We examine a cascade encoding model for neural response in which a linear filtering stage is followed by a noisy, leaky, integrate-and-fire spike generation mechanism. This model provides a biophysically more realistic alternative to models based on Poisson (memoryless) spike generation, and can effectively reproduce a variety of spiking behaviors seen in vivo. We describe the maximum likelihood estimator for the model parameters, given only extracellular spike train responses (not intracellular voltage data). Specifically, we prove that the log-likelihood function is concave and thus has an essentially unique global maximum that can be found using gradient ascent techniques. We develop an efficient algorithm for computing the maximum likelihood solution, demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting estimator with numerical simulations, and discuss a method of testing the model's validity using time-rescaling and density evolution techniques.
Removal of estrogenic activity of endocrine-disrupting genistein by ligninolytic enzymes from white rot fungi (2005)

Endocrine-disrupting genistein was treated with the white rot fungus Phanerochaete sordida YK-624 under ligninolytic condition with low-nitrogen and high-carbon culture medium. Genistein decreased by 93% after 4 days of treatment and the activities of ligninolytic enzymes, manganese peroxidase (MnP) and laccase, were detected during treatment, thus suggesting that the disappearance of genistein is related to ligninolytic enzymes produced extracellularly by white rot fungi. Therefore, genistein was treated with MnP, laccase, and the laccase-mediator system with 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HBT) as a mediator. HPLC analysis demonstrated that genistein disappeared almost completely in the reaction mixture after 4 h of treatment with either MnP, laccase, or the laccase-HBT system. Using the yeast two-hybrid assay system, it was also confirmed that three enzymatic treatments completely removed the estrogenic activity of genistein after 4h. These results strongly suggest that ligninolytic enzymes are effective in removing the estrogenic activity of genistein.
From Insulator to Electride:  A Theoretical Model of Nanoporous Oxide 12CaO·7Al2O3 (2007)

Recently, a novel inorganic electride stable at room temperatures has been obtained by reducing a complex nanoporous oxide 12CaO.7Al2O3 (C12A7) in a Ca atmosphere (Matsuishi, S.; Toda, Y.; Miyakawa, M.; Hayashi, K.; Kamiya, T.; Hirano, M.; Tanaka, I.; Hosono, H. Science 2003, 301, 626). In this system, up to 2.3 x 1021/cm3 electrons can be accommodated in a three-dimensional network of cages formed by a positively charged oxide framework. We demonstrate theoretically that at all concentrations, ne, the electrons are neither associated with specific atoms nor fully delocalized. At low ne, the electrons are isolated from each other and resemble the color centers in insulating materials. They are well localized in some of the lattice cages and yield strong inhomogeneous lattice distortions that provide polaron-type cage-to-cage electron hopping. As ne increases, the electrons form a denser electron gas and become more evenly spread over all available lattice cages. At sufficiently high ne, the system becomes metallic but still retains partially localized character of the conducting electrons. We describe the nature of the electronic states at the Fermi level and predict the changes in the optical and magnetic properties of this system as a function of ne.