gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Softening and Microstructural Coarsening without Twin Formation in FCC Metals with Low Stacking Fault Energy after Processing by High-Pressure Torsion (2009)

Gold (Au), silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) were severely deformed through the process of high pressure torsion (HPT). The grain sizes were reduced to the submicrometer range and the hardness increased significantly by the HPT process. However, after holding at room temperature, Au and Ag exhibited grain growth and thus softening without heating. The softening and microstrcutural coarsening occurred rather quickly in Ag and moderately in Au but nothing changed in Cu even after keeping for prolonged time. No twins were formed along with the grain growth in the HPT-processed Au and Ag. High density lattice defects and enhanced diffusivity in the metals are responsible for such an unusual softening behavior.
Supported organometallic complexes: Surface chemistry, spectroscopy, and catalysis. Progress report, February 1, 1991--January 31, 1992 (1992)

The long-range goal of this project is to elucidate and understand the surface chemistry and catalytic properties of well-defined, highly-reactive organometallic molecules (principally based upon abundant actinide, lanthanide, and early transition elements) adsorbed on metal oxides and halides. The nature of the adsorbed species is probed by a battery of chemical and physicochemical techniques, to understand the nature of the molecular-surface coordination chemistry and how this can give rise to extremely high catalytic activity. A complementary objective is to delineate the scope and mechanisms of the heterogeneous catalytic reactions, as well as to relate them both conceptually and functionally to model systems generated in solution.
Pathological Diagnosis of Gastric Cancers with a Novel Computerized Analysis System (2017)

Our novel computerized analysis system provides a support for histological diagnosis, which is useful for screening and quality control. We consider that it could be extended to be applicable to many other carcinomas after learning normal and malignant forms of various tissues. Furthermore, we expect it to contribute to the development of more objective grading systems, immunohistochemical staining systems, and fluorescent-stained image analysis systems.
Processing and Characterization of Bulk Chalcogenide Glasses Used for Waveguide Applications (2002)

Chalcogenide glasses (ChG) are of interest due to their optical and electronic properties for use in waveguide applications. To assess expected uniformity in films deposited from bulk glass starting materials, the extent of parent bulk glass property variation was evaluated. Resulting structural and optical properties of melt‐derived ChG's were investigated using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and spectrophotometric analysis. The influence of melt size, purification, and other melting conditions on sample homogeneity were quantified and within‐melt property variation of bulk glass samples was found to be less than 5% for all parameters examined.
Author response: Building customizable auto-luminescent luciferase-based reporters in plants (2020)

A fungal bioluminescence pathway can be reconstituted in planta to create luminescence in many plant species without external substrate addition, and be used to design customizable reporters of gene-expression.
Release of Catecholamines Is Increased but Does Not Contribute to the Impaired Insulin Secretion in the Perfused Pancreata of Diabetic Rats (1993)

Insulin response to glucose is severely impaired in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Also in a rat model of NIDDM, neonatally streptozotocin diabetic rats (STZ), the insulin response to glucose is profoundly suppressed when studied in vivo or in the perfused pancreas. The insulin response was better preserved from isolated islets obtained from patients and STZ rats. Since alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation suppresses insulin secretion, catecholamines from intrapancreatic nerve terminals may be involved in the mechanism behind the marked impairment of the glucose-stimulated insulin response in the intact pancreas. We have studied the pancreatic content and release--or overflow--of catecholamines from the isolated, perfused pancreas of STZ rats. The overflow of noradrenaline (NA) in the perfusate was two- to threefold higher in pancreata from STZ than from nondiabetic rats, and perfusion with a high glucose concentration increased the NA overflow in both types of pancreata. Levels of adrenaline (ADR) were always low in perfusates of nondiabetic glands, but increased in five of seven perfusions of STZ glands. The pancreatic contents of NA and ADR were similar in STZ and nondiabetic rats. Pretreatment of rats with reserpine 24 h before perfusions reduced the pancreatic content of NA and ADR by > 90% in both STZ and nondiabetic rats. Reserpine also diminished the overflow of NA in the perfusate from STZ rats by > 90% and from nondiabetic rats by 58-77%. After reserpine, however, glucose-induced insulin release was not enhanced in either STZ or control pancreata. In conclusion, overflow of catecholamines is higher in the pancreas of STZ than of nondiabetic rats.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experimental Fracture Mechanics for Adhesive Joint Design (2007)

Summary An experimental study was conducted to investigate the use of fracture mechanics to predict failure initiation of adhesive joints. Most practical plane fracture problems are mixed mode and failure initiation of adhesive joints is a result of such conditions. It is widely accepted that a useful method for characterizing the toughness of bonded joints is to measure the fracture toughness; energy per unit area needed to produce failure. For a given adhesive, mode mixity has a dependency towards fracture toughness and fracture toughness is directly associated with stress. Main goal in this investigation was to demonstrate the capability of utilizing experimental fracture mechanics data to predict the failure initiation of an adhesive joint. First, critical energy release rates for several mode mixities were experimental determined (Tool 1) for selected adhesives using double cantilever beam (DCB), endnotch flexure (3ENF), and mixed-mode bending (MMB) test methods to determine mode I, mode II, and mixed-mode I & II fracture toughness values, respectively. Then, a stress analysis was conducted to determine the mode mixity at a crack tip of the adhesive joint design (Tool 2); crack-tip location must be selected based on previous experimental observations. Further, a relationship between applied load and the energy release rate was obtained from the same model (Tool 3). Once the mode mixity of the crack tip was determined from Tool 2, Tool 1 can be used to determine the critical energy release rate corresponding to the crack tip of a particular adhesive joint. Finally, Tool 3 can be used to determine the critical state of stress or the failure initiation load corresponding to that critical energy release rate. Singe-lap adhesive test specimens were fabricated and tested for two adhesive types and the failure loads were compared with the predictions made using the proposed approach. It was concluded that failure loads predicted by mode mixity-fracture toughness curves were in good agreement with those obtained experimentally.
The Key is Left under the Mat: On the Inappropriate Security Assumption of Logic Locking Schemes (2020)

Logic locking has been proposed as an obfuscation technique to protect outsourced IC designs from IP piracy by untrusted entities in the design and fabrication process. In this case, the netlist is locked by adding extra key-gates, and will be unlocked only if a correct key is applied to the key-gates. The key is assumed to be written into a non-volatile memory after the fabrication by the IP owner. In the past several years, the focus of the research community has been mostly on Oracle-guided attacks, such as SAT attacks, on logic locking and proposing proper countermeasures against such attacks. However, none of the reported research in the literature has ever challenged a more fundamental assumption of logic locking, which is the security of the key itself. In other words, if an adversary can read out the correct key after insertion, the security of the entire scheme is broken. In this work, we first review possible adversaries for the locked circuits and their capabilities. Afterward, we demonstrate that even with the assumption of having a tamper- and read-proof memory for the key storage, which is not vulnerable to any physical attacks, the key transfer between the memory and the key-gates through registers and buffers make the key extraction by an adversary possible. To support our claim, we implemented a proof-of-concept locked circuit as well as one of the standard logic locking benchmarks on an FPGA manufactured with a 28 nm technology and extract obfuscation keys using optical probing. Finally, we discuss the feasibility of the proposed attack in different scenarios and propose potential countermeasures.
El colapso del túnel ferroviario por inestabilidad del frente en suelos y rocas blandas o muy diaclasadas (2004)

En este articulo se estudia el colapso por espirales logaritmicas cuyo parametro no es el rozamiento interno del suelo, el colapso por mecanismos de cunas y bloques clasicos utilizando la presentacion de Tamez y por las espirales que resultan dar el menor coeficiente de seguridad, las de parametro nulo que degeneran en circulos. Se comprueba de nuevo como las grandes secciones de frente abierto como el NATM son mucho mas peligrosas que los metodos de pequena seccion como el Clasico de Madrid. Se propone un metodo sencillo de estimacion de la estabilidad del frente en tuneles en suelos y rocas blandas y se incluyen unos abacos para su aplicacion inmediata por el lector. Se incluye tambien un sencillo programa en Visual C++ cuyas fuentes se ponen sin coste a disposicion del lector para que lo pueda adaptar a sus necesidades, y se corrigen algunos errores detectados en el por los lectores.
Presenilin 1 is Actively Degraded by the 26S Proteasome (1998)

The metabolic pathways governing the turnover of presenilin 1 (PS1) have been incompletely worked out. The PS1 holoprotein has low abundance in many cells and appears to undergo endoproteolytic cleavage near residue 298. We provide evidence that one mechanism by which the PS1 holoprotein is degraded is through the action of the 26S proteasome. We also show that the proteasome does not participate in the endoproteolytic cleavage.
Me5Cu3Li2: a reagent for conjugate methylation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMe5Cu3Li2: a reagent for conjugate methylation of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehydesDerrick L. J. Clive, Vittorio Farina, and Pierre L. BeaulieuCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 13, 2572–2582Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00134a013Request reuse permissionsArticle Views608Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An electrophysiological marker of arousal level in humans (2020)

Deep non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM) and general anesthesia with propofol are prominent states of reduced arousal linked to the occurrence of synchronized oscillations in the electroencephalogram (EEG). Although rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is also associated with diminished arousal levels, it is characterized by a desynchronized, 'wake-like' EEG. This observation implies that reduced arousal states are not necessarily only defined by synchronous oscillatory activity. Using intracranial and surface EEG recordings in four independent data sets, we demonstrate that the 1/f spectral slope of the electrophysiological power spectrum, which reflects the non-oscillatory, scale-free component of neural activity, delineates wakefulness from propofol anesthesia, NREM and REM sleep. Critically, the spectral slope discriminates wakefulness from REM sleep solely based on the neurophysiological brain state. Taken together, our findings describe a common electrophysiological marker that tracks states of reduced arousal, including different sleep stages as well as anesthesia in humans.
Response of the Heart to Nonpenetrating Cardiac Trauma (1982)

The purpose of this investigation was to study the acute effects of blunt cardiac trauma upon left ventricular (LV) function. In 34 open-chest anesthetized dogs, direct impact to the anterior surface of the heart was produced by an air-pressurized impactor at 12 m/sec in 15 dogs and at 18 m/sec in 19 dogs. Impact displacement was limited to 2 cm. Seventeen dogs (50%) died of arrhythmias within a few minutes of impact. In nine surviving dogs impacted at 12 m/sec, there was an immediate reduction of LV function following impact. At 5 minutes following impact this reduction of LV function was characterized by a 19% reduction of cardiac output, 35% reduction of maximal isovolumic LV rate of change of pressure (dp/dt), a 12% reduction of peak aortic flow, and a 23% reduction of peak rate of change of flow. These indices of ventricular performance returned nearly to control levels 60 to 90 minutes following impact. In eight surviving dogs that experienced impact at 18 m/sec, impairment of LV function was greater in the immediate impact period following impact and impaired function remained throughout the 90-minute duration of observation. Autopsy of all dogs showed cardiac contusion. Following the more severe impact, contusions were more extensive and involved the left ventricular endocardial surface and intraventricular septum as well as the epicardial surface. Parallel changes, therefore, of the extent of pathologic changes and the extent of functional impairment were observed. Animals that survived the potentially fatal arrhythmias immediately after impact showed functional impairment of the heart that was only moderate and compatible with life.
Experimental Investigation of 4-kb RRAM Arrays Programming Conditions Suitable for TCAM (2018)

Resistive random access memories (RRAMs) feature high-speed operations, low-power consumption, and nonvolatile retention, thus serving as a promising candidate for future memory applications. To explore the applications of the RRAM, switching variability and cycling endurance need to be addressed. This paper presents extensive characterizations of multi-kb RRAM arrays during forming, set, reset, and cycling operations. The relationships among programming conditions, memory window, and endurance features are presented. The experimental results are then used to perform variability-aware simulations of a 128-bit RRAM-based ternary content-addressable-memory (TCAM) macro. The tradeoff among endurance, search latency, and reliability in terms of match/mismatch detection is explored, identifying the programming conditions that allow to obtain a searching speed comparable to static random access memory-based TCAMs (2 ns on average and 3 ns at 3σ) while guaranteeing good reliability metrics (with a time ratio of 3000 on average and 150 at 3σ).
Molecular mechanisms of reduced β-adrenergic signaling in the aged heart as revealed by genomic profiling (2003)

Myocardial aging leads to a reduction of beta-adrenergic receptor-induced metabolic and contractile responsiveness. We hypothesize that a change in the patterns of gene expression is important in these age-related events. To test this, hearts were harvested from young and aged male rats (3-4 and 20-22 mo, respectively). Total mRNA was extracted and prepared for hybridization to Affymetrix U34A GeneChips. Filtering criteria, involving fold change and a statistical significance cutoff were employed, yielding 263 probe pairs exhibiting differential signals. Of the 163 annotated genes, at least 56 (34%) were classified as signaling/cell communication. Of these 56, approximately half were directly involved in G protein-coupled receptor signaling pathways. We next determined which of these changes might be involved in anti-adrenergic activity and identified 19 potentially important gene products. Importantly, we observed a decrease in beta1-adrenergic receptor and adenylyl cyclase mRNAs, whereas the mRNA encoding beta-arrestin increased. Furthermore, the results demonstrate an increase in mRNAs encoding the adenosine A1 receptor and phospholipase D, which could increase anti-adrenergic effects. Moreover, the mRNAs encoding the muscarinic M3 receptor, nicotinic acetylcholine receptor beta3, and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-related protein were increased as was the mRNA encoding guanylate kinase-associated protein. Interestingly, we also observed eight mRNAs whose abundance changed three- to sixfold with aging that could be considered as being compensatory. Although these results do not prove causality, they demonstrate that cardiac aging is associated with changes in the profiles of gene expression and that many of these changes may contribute to reduced adrenergic signaling.
Tailored Redox Shuttle Additives for Overcharge Protection of Lithium-Ion Batteries (2012)

Abstract not Available.
Toward clinical differential phase contrast mammography: preliminary evaluations and image processing schemes (2013)

Phase contrast and scattering-based X-ray imaging are very promising tools for medical diagnostics because they are able to provide additional and complementary information to traditional absorption-based methods. In this work, we discuss the investigation of three native breast samples with a grating interferometer equipped with a conventional X-ray tube, the full study being published in ref. [1]. We briefly introduce a method to fuse absorption, differential phase and scattering signals into a unique image with improved diagnostic contents. Our approach yields complementary and inaccessible information on the electron density distribution and the small-angle scattering power of the sample which could potentially answer clinically relevant, yet unresolved questions such as the capability to unequivocally discern between (pre-) malignant changes and post-operative scars or to distinguish cancer-invaded regions within healthy tissue.
The haptic hand: providing user interface feedback with the non-dominant hand in virtual environments (2005)

Figure 1- A user interacts with a virtual interface panel by touching his non-dominant hand. We present a user interface for virtual environments that utilizes the non-dominant hand to provide haptic feedback to the dominant hand while it interacts with widgets on a virtual control panel. We believe this technique improves on existing prop-based methods of providing haptic feedback. To gauge the interface’s effectiveness, we performed a usability study. We do not present a formal comparison with prior techniques here. The goal of this study was to determine the feasibility of using the non-dominant hand for haptic feedback, and to obtain subjective data about usability. The results demonstrated that the interface allowed users to perform precision tasks. These results have convinced us that this technique has potential and warrants further development. Key words: 3D user interfaces, bimanual interaction, haptics, virtual environments, virtual reality 1
Psychometric properties of the standardized assessment of concussion in youth football: Validity, reliability, and demographic factors (2020)

The objective of this study was to determine the psychometrics (reliability, validity) of the original Standardized Assessment of Concussion (SAC) in a youth sample (ages 11 to 13). Demographic factors of race, level of vocabulary knowledge, mother's level of education were also considered. Over 150 youth football athletes completed the SAC and a brief battery of NIH Toolbox cognitive tests as part of a larger study on biomechanical factors in youth sport concussion. This was a within-subjects design (pre-season, post-season assessments), and correlational analysis of convergent and discriminant validity. Between groups analysis based on demographic differences was also employed. The pre-season SAC scores were not different by age; however, SAC scores were statistically different by race: <i>t(</i>155) = 3.162, <i>p</i> = .002, <i>d</i> = .519. Maternal level of education and participant vocabulary scores were related to racial group membership. Convergent and discriminant validity were established compared to NIH Toolbox tests of memory and speed. Pre-post-season tests for 108 participants established marginally acceptable test-retest reliability (ICC = .692). These data support the use of the original SAC in youth football although clinicians must be aware of racial differences in scores.
The Emergence of Silicon Photonics as a Flexible Technology Platform (2018)

In this paper, we present a brief history of silicon photonics from the early research papers in the late 1980s and early 1990s, to the potentially revolutionary technology that exists today. Given that other papers in this special issue give detailed reviews of key aspects of the technology, this paper will concentrate on the key technological milestones that were crucial in demonstrating the capability of silicon photonics as both a successful technical platform, as well as indicating the potential for commercial success. The paper encompasses discussion of the key technology areas of passive devices, modulators, detectors, light sources, and system integration. In so doing, the paper will also serve as an introduction to the other papers within this special issue.