gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential role of melanocortins in mediating leptin's central effects on feeding and reproduction (2000)

Leptin serves as a humoral link coupling the status of energy reserves to the functional activity of the reproductive system. Leptin is thought to act through melanocortinergic pathways in the brain to regulate ingestive behaviors; however, whether melanocortins mediate leptin's actions on the neuroendocrine-reproductive axis is unknown. We tested this hypothesis first by determining whether the effects of leptin on feeding behavior and reproduction in the ob/ob mouse could be blocked by the melanocortin receptor (MC-R) antagonist SHU9119 and second, by examining the effects of the MC-R agonist MTII on feeding and the endocrine-reproductive system. Administered by intracerebroventricular injections, leptin inhibited food intake, raised plasma gonadotropin levels, and increased seminal vesicle weights compared with controls; SHU9119 (intracerebroventricularly) attenuated leptin's effects on food intake and body weight but did not alter leptin's stimulatory effect on the reproductive axis. MTII (intracerebroventricularly and intraperitoneally) decreased food intake and increased body temperature compared with controls but had no effect on the reproductive-endocrine axis. These results suggest that although leptin acts centrally through melanocortinergic pathways to inhibit ingestive behaviors and stimulate metabolism, leptin's activational effect on the reproductive axis is likely to be mediated by other, unknown neuroendocrine circuits.
Abstract 18804: Chronic Pressure Overload Impairs Cardiac Microvascular Endothelial Cell Metabolism and Angiogenic Potential in Aortic Stenosis Patients (2016)

Introduction: Chronic myocardial pressure overload leads to interstitial fibrosis and capillary rarefaction. We previously showed that transverse aortic constriction upregulates Transforming Growth Factor s (TGFs)-dependent fibrosis-related genes, including Cartilage Intermediate Layer Protein (CILP), in murine cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (MiVEC). Hypothesis: In aortic stenosis patients (AS), chronic pressure overload induces a phenotypic switch in cardiac MiVEC that impairs EC function and metabolism. Methods: We culture-expanded CD31+ MiVEC after MACS isolation from right atrium (RA, low pressure) and left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT, pressure overload) surgical biopsies of AS and exposed them to TGFs and the TGFs-1 receptor inhibitor, SD208 for 48h. At p4, MiVEC angiogenic potential was determined using 2D tube formation and 3D spheroid sprouting. Glycolytic and oxidative metabolic fluxes were assessed using 3 H-5-Glucose and 3 H-9,10-palmitic acid. Results: In AS, CILP expression in LVOT positively correlated with LA dilation and pulmonary artery pressure (n=19, Pearson, P 300-fold in the presence of TGF-s (p=0.01) via activation of the SD208-inhibitable TGFs-1 receptor. LVOT MiVEC showed less sprouts/spheroid (12.84±2.01 vs 23.17±1.38 in RA MiVEC, P vs 30.55±3.57/cm 2 , P=0.03), less nodes (188.07±53.15 vs 273.14±62.76/cm 2 , P=0.03) and reduced total network length (7.95±1.34 vs 10.39±1.21 mm/mm 2 , P=0.02) compared to RA (n=6). Glycolytic flux was comparable (P=0.38), but palmitic acid flux was higher in LVOT-derived MiVEC (7.46±2.3 vs 3.54±1.10 nmol/h/mg protein in RA MiVEC, P Conclusions: Chronic pressure overload induces a molecular and metabolic switch in human cardiac MiVEC, characterized by TGFs-dependent CILP-upregulation, loss of angiogenic potential in vitro and increased fatty acid oxidation. These data, for the first time, identify human cardiac MiVEC as a critical target to reverse fibrosis and capillary rarefaction in pressure overloaded hearts.
ChemInform Abstract: Preferred Conformation of C‐Glycosides. Part 10. Synthesis and Conformation Analysis of Carbon Trisaccharides. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unit resolution mass spectra of 112 kDa molecules with 3 Da accuracy (1997)

Previously, the highest molecular weight for a sample yielding a unit resolution mass spectrum was 67 kDa (marginal at 86 kDa), obtained with a 6. 2 T Fourier-transform mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization. Now with a 9. 4 T instrument, resolving power of 170,000 has been achieved for chondroitinase I (997 amino acids) and II (990 amino acids), making possible molecular weight assignments of 112,509 and 111,714, respectively, versus 112,508 and 111,713 calculated. Assisting these assignments was the noise reduction in the resolved isotopic peaks achieved by the time domain data sampling technique introduced by Senko, Marshall, and co-workers.
A case of melanoma in xeroderma pigmentosum (2009)

Xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) was first described in 1874 by Hebra and Kaposi.<sup> [1]</sup> It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by photosensitivity, pigmentary changes, premature skin aging, and malignant tumor development due to cellular hypersensitivity to ultraviolet radiation resulting from a defect in DNA repair. The basic defect in XP is in nucleotide excision repair (NER), leading to deficient repair of damaged DNA. A 12-year-old boy presented with a large growth over the right side of the forehead. The lesion was first noticed before two years as a 2 x 2 cm<sup> 2</sup> mass. It was slowly growing and attained the present size of 10 x 8 x 7 cm<sup> 3</sup> . The surface showed ulceration with areas of hemorrhage and blackish pigmentation. Also, the patient had hyperpigmented macules over the skin since early childhood. The macules appeared initially over the face and later developed over the other areas of the body. The macules were more over the sun exposed areas. He also had photophobia and both eyes showed corneal opacities. Histopathological examination of the excised growth showed features consistent with melanoma. This case is being presented because of its rare association with xeroderma pigmentosum patients in India.
Highly Durable, Surface Modified SOFCs Running on Hydrocarbon Fuels at 600 °C (2020)

Fuel flexibility is a unique feature of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), the instability of Ni-based cermet anodes in hydrocarbon fuels impede the advancement of low-temperature solid oxide fuel cells (LT-SOFCs). Here we demonstrate highly stable LT-SOFCs prepared by catalytically modifying the surface of a conductive ceramic oxide, SrFe 0.2 Co 0.4 Mo 0.4 O 3 (SFCM), using Ni-GDC nanoparticles (&lt;100 nm). The nano-sized Ni-GDC electrocatalysts, resulting from careful optimization of Ni-to-GDC ratio, and subsequent low-temperature calcination process, enhance the fuel oxidation kinetics and stability of SFCM anode significantly. An optimized Ni-to-GDC ratio of 1:10 on SFCM-supported SOFC delivered peak power density of 0.75, 0.65 and 0.36 W cm −2 at 650 °C, 600 °C and 550 °C, respectively, in humidified H 2 and 0.62, 0.39 and 0.22 W cm −2 at 650 °C, 600 °C and 550 °C, respectively, in CH 4 /H 2 gas mixtures, nearly 4× higher than GDC as electrocatalyst. Remarkably, for the same Ni-to-GDC ratio, a stable cell voltage of 0.82 V is maintained over 200 h of operations (under current) at 600 °C in CH 4 /H 2 gas mixtures.
Compressed sensing based scalable speech coders (2012)

Code-excited linear prediction (CELP) is one of the most commonly used approaches for speech compression. The CELP coder, in particular the ACELP coder, relies on extracting an appropriate excitation sequence that is passed through a long-term and short-term linear prediction filter to synthesize the speech. One limitation of the analysis-by-synthesis search methods employed in the ACELP coder is that the positions of the non-zero entries in the excitation sequence and their gains are limited. Increasing the richness of the excitation to improve the speech quality is not only accompanied by the usual increase in the bit rate but also by a significant increase in search complexity. We propose dealing with this scalability issue by using tools from the compressed sensing (CS) domain. An analysis by synthesis coder using a CS based excitation sequence framework is developed and the encoder is shown to scale gracefully with CS dimension and offers a mechanism for quality to bit rate trade off.
Improved Hypothermic Preservation of Human Renal Cells Through Suppression of Both Apoptosis and Necrosis (2002)

A new platform of hypothermic solutions, the HypoThermosol® (HTS) series, has been developed for the improved hypothermic storage of cells, tissues, and organs. Cells and tissues cold-stored in HTS-FRS demonstrate improved viability when returned to normothermic temperatures in comparison with the parent solution, HTS-BASE, or University of Wisconsin (UW) solution (UW-ViaSpan®). While our group and others have implicated apoptosis as a major player in cell death initiated by extended hypothermic storage, it has been unclear if the improved performance of HTS-FRS as a hypothermic storage solution is due to its ability to inhibit apoptosis. Data reported herein show that human renal cells hypothermically stored in renal cell culture medium, HTS-FRS, HTS-BASE, or UW solution demonstrated improved survival in HTS-FRS. Following 5 days of hypothermic preservation and 1 day of recovery at 37°C, cells preserved in HTS-FRS exhibit 75% metabolic activity, whereas cells stored in HTS-BASE, UW, or culture media demonstrate 32%, 17%, and 6% recovery, respectively. In addition, cells stored in HTS-BASE supplemented with caspase inhibitor exhibit increased cell numbers in comparison to cells stored in HTS-BASE (72% vs. 30% after 7 days of cold storage and 2 days of recovery). Experiments with annexin and propidium iodide as well as assessment of caspase activities suggest that the improved performance of HTS-FRS as a preservation solution may be due to its ability to inhibit both apoptosis and necrosis.
Thermodynamic Interactions in Polybutadiene Blends (1998)

This paper describes a study of thermodynamic interactions in binary blends of statistical copolymers of 1,4- and 1,2-polybutadiene using differential scanning calorimetric measurements. The Flory−Huggins interaction parameter (χ) obtained for blends with component compositions ranging from 8% to 90% 1,2-polybutadiene were found to be inconsistent with the simple random copolymer theory. The reduced interaction parameter, χ/Δy2, was found to be a strong function of the average composition of the blend, in close analogy to an earlier study on ethylene−butene-1 copolymers prepared by saturation of 1,4-polybutadiene−1,2-polybutadiene copolymers. However, values for χ/Δy2 for the polybutadiene blends were considerably smaller than those present in the ethylene−butene-1 copolymers over comparable ranges of copolymer composition. The PVT properties of the polybutadiene copolymers, on the other hand, suggest a much larger interaction as well as adherence to the random copolymer theory.
Pure-Gas and Vapor Permeation and Sorption Properties of Poly[1-phenyl-2-[p-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene] (PTMSDPA) (2000)

The pure-gas permeation and sorption properties of poly[1-phenyl-2-[p-(trimethylsilyl)phenyl]acetylene] [PTMSDPA] are presented and compared to those of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) [PTMSP], poly(4-methyl-2-pentyne) [PMP], and poly(1-phenyl-1-propyne) [PPP]. PTMSDPA is more permeable to large, condensable vapors (e.g., n-butane) than to small, permanent gases (e.g., hydrogen). Such behavior is also observed in PTMSP and PMP but not in PPP. PTMSDPA has lower fractional free volume (0.26) and gas permeabilities than PTMSP and PMP. However, relative to conventional glassy polymers, PTMSDPA is a highly permeable, high free volume, glassy material. For example, the oxygen permeability coefficient of PTMSDPA is 1200 × 10-10 cm3(STP)·cm/(cm2·s·cmHg) at 25 °C. As temperature increases, the permeability in PTMSDPA increases for light gases (helium, hydrogen, and nitrogen) and decreases for more condensable gases. In contrast, the permeabilities of PTMSP and PMP decrease with increasing temperature for both light gases and more condensable hydrocarbons. n-Butane and propane sorption isotherms for PTMSDPA are concave to the penetrant relative pressure axis, consistent with dual-mode sorption behavior. Hydrocarbon sorption levels decrease in the order PTMSP > PMP > PTMSDPA > PPP, in agreement with the ranking of the fractional free volumes of the materials.
PGE2 Signal Through EP2 Promotes the Growth of Articular Chondrocytes (2005)

EP2 was identified as the major EP expressed in articular cartilage. Treatment of MMA2 cells with specific agonists for each EP showed that only the EP2 agonist significantly increased intracellular cAMP levels in a dose-dependent manner. Gene expression profiling of MMA2 revealed a set of genes upregulated by the EP2 agonist, including several growth-promoting and apoptosis-protecting genes such as the cyclin D1, fibronectin, integrin alpha5, AP2alpha, and 14-3-3gamma genes. The upregulation of these genes by the EP2 agonist was confirmed in human articular chondrocytes by quantitative mRNA analysis. On treatment with the EP2 agonist, human articular chondrocytes showed an increase in the incorporation of 5-bromo-2-deoxyuracil (BrdU), and the organ culture of rat femora showed an increase of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) staining in articular chondrocytes surrounded by cartilage matrix, suggesting growth-promoting effects of the PGE2 signal through EP2 in articular cartilage. These results suggested that the PGE2 signal through EP2 enhances the growth of articular chondrocytes, and the EP2 agonist is a candidate for a new therapeutic compound for the treatment of degenerative cartilage diseases.
Clinical Outcome Following Treatment of Refractory Inflammatory and Fistulizing Crohn's Disease With Intravenous Cyclosporine (1998)

I.v. CYA appears to benefit both refractory inflammatory and fistulizing Crohn's disease. Most patients who respond to i.v. CYA will maintain their response during oral CYA therapy. However, the majority of these patients relapse when oral CYA is discontinued, probably because of inadequate duration of overlap with the slow acting maintenance drugs, AZA/6MP.
Challenges and opportunities associated with the MD Anderson IMPACT2 randomized study in precision oncology (2022)

We investigated the challenges of conducting IMPACT2, an ongoing randomized study that evaluates molecular testing and targeted therapy (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02152254). Patients with metastatic cancer underwent tumor profiling and were randomized between the two arms when eligibility criteria were met (Part A). In Part B, patients who declined randomization could choose the study arm. In Part A, 69 (21.8%) of 317 patients were randomized; 78.2% were not randomized because of non-targetable alterations (39.8%), unavailability of clinical trial (21.8%), other reasons (12.6%), or availability of US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs for the indication (4.1%). In Part B, 32 (20.4%) of 157 patients were offered randomization; 16 accepted and 16 selected their treatment arm; 79.0% were not randomized (patient's/physician's choice, 29.3%; treatment selection prior to genomic reports, 16.6%; worsening performance status/death, 12.7%; unavailability of clinical trials, 6.4%; other, 6.4%; non-targetable alterations, 5.7%; or availability of FDA-approved drugs for the indication, 1.9%). In conclusion, although randomized controlled trials have been considered the gold standard for drug development, the execution of randomized trials in precision oncology in the advanced metastatic setting is complicated. We encountered various challenges conducting the IMPACT2 study, a large precision oncology trial in patients with diverse solid tumor types. The adaptive design of IMPACT2 enables patient randomization despite the continual FDA approval of targeted therapies, the evolving tumor biomarker landscape, and the plethora of investigational drugs. Outcomes for randomized patients are awaited.
Sickle Cell Disease: New Pharmacological Approaches (2012)

Santos JL, Chung MC, Lima LM, Costa FF, Lanaro C
Synthesis of Josiphos-Type Bisphospholane Ligands (2012)

Bisphospholane Josiphos-type ligands were synthesized in high yields employing electrophilic and nucleophilic phospholane synthons. Full characterization data including solid-state structures of the diastereomeric ligands are reported. These ligands resulted in active and enantioselective iridium catalysts for the asymmetric hydrogenation of imines. Pronounced cooperative effects of the chiral elements within the ligand structure were observed and enantioselectivities of up to 74% ee were achieved.
Exploiting System Hierarchy to Compute Repair Plans in Probabilistic\n Model-based Diagnosis (2013)

The goal of model-based diagnosis is to isolate causes of anomalous system\nbehavior and recommend inexpensive repair actions in response. In general,\nprecomputing optimal repair policies is intractable. To date, investigators\naddressing this problem have explored approximations that either impose\nrestrictions on the system model (such as a single fault assumption) or compute\nan immediate best action with limited lookahead. In this paper, we develop a\nformulation of repair in model-based diagnosis and a repair algorithm that\ncomputes optimal sequences of actions. This optimal approach is costly but can\nbe applied to precompute an optimal repair strategy for compact systems. We\nshow how we can exploit a hierarchical system specification to make this\napproach tractable for large systems. When introducing hierarchy, we also\nconsider the tradeoff between simply replacing a component and decomposing it\nto repair its subcomponents. The hierarchical repair algorithm is suitable for\noff-line precomputation of an optimal repair strategy. A modification of the\nalgorithm takes advantage of an iterative deepening scheme to trade off\ninference time and the quality of the computed strategy.\n
Aqueous solution properties of poly[3‐dimethyl (methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] (1987)

Abstract The aqueous solution properties of an ampholytic poly[3‐dimethyl (methacryloyloxyethyl) ammonium propane sulfonate] [poly(DMAPS)] are studied by measurements of cloud point determination, intrinsic viscosity, degree of binding, and ionic strength. The minimum salt concentration and intrinsic viscosity of this polyampholyte are related to the type and concentration of added salt. Both the polymeric and monomeric betaines in the presence of NaCl have the lower degree of binding, indicating that the proton ion (H + ) is relatively difficult to bind the SO − 3 at the end of sulfobetaine. An increase in ionic strength causes the pK a to decrease at the half‐neutralization point.
Dispersion of extremely nondegenerate nonlinear refraction in semiconductors (2017)

Dispersion of nondegenerate nonlinear refraction in semiconductors is measured using the Beam-Deflection technique. With large nondegeneracy, n2 is greatly enhanced and exhibits a strong nonlinear dispersion, which rapidly switches sign to negative near the bandgap. Potential applications including nondegenerate all-optical switching and pulse shaping are discussed.
Normalizing Oral Fluid Hydrocodone Data Using Calculated Blood Volume (2016)

Oral fluid testing to assist in the assessment of treatment adherence for chronic pain patients is attractive for a number of reasons. However, efforts focused on interpreting patient results have been modest when compared to urine drug testing. This work details a retrospective approach developed to transform and normalize oral fluid testing results to provide a historical picture of patient values in this important test fluid. Using this approach, a model was developed using data from 6,800 independent patients who were both prescribed hydrocodone and tested positive (with limitations: reporting cutoff < X < upper limit of quantitation) by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Patient demographic data were used to calculate the relevant parameters (e.g., calculated blood volume (CBV)) used in the transformation and normalization of the oral fluid data. The crucial normalizing factor in oral fluids was found to be the CBV which parallels the use of creatinine to normalize drug concentration levels in urine and is consistent with the view that oral fluid samples reflect plasma concentrations of the respective drugs. The resulting near Gaussian distribution is dose independent and as such should be of value to physicians in quickly assessing whether their patient is consistent with this historical population in the broad terms of this model. While this comparison alone is not definitive for adherence with a treatment regimen, together with patient interviews, prescription history and other clinical criteria, it can add an idea of expected patient values from oral fluid testing.
Minimum distance: a method for partitioning recurrences for multiprocessors (1989)

Parallel execution of nonvectorizable uniform recurrences is considered. When naively scheduled, such recurrences could create unacceptable communication and synchronization on a multiprocessor. The minimum-distance method partitions such recurrences into totally independent computations without increasing redundancy or perturbing numerical stability. The independent computations are well suited for execution on a multiprocessor, but they may not utilize all available processors. How extra processors can be applied to the independent computations is addressed. The methods are especially attractive for multiprocessors comprised of clusters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Carbonic Anhydrase IX: Biology and Clinical Approaches (2009)

CAIX (carbonic anhydrase IX) is a member of the CA family of proteins and its expression is related to hypoxia. Expression observed in a wide variety of tumors is associated with poor histologic features and is an independent predictor of poor disease-specific survival in different malignancies. In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC), its expression is related to alterations in the vhl gene. The majority of clear cell tumors demonstrate diffuse membrane expression of CAIX. Low CAIX expression in metastatic patients is a strong independent predictor of poor outcome. Response to (interleukin-2) IL-2-based systemic therapy appears to be associated with high CAIX expression. As CAIX is the best and most powerful diagnostic and predictor marker for clear cell RCC, those patients with clinico-pathologic predictors of response and high CAIX expression should be offered first-line IL-2 therapy.
Should massive rotator cuff tears be reconstructed even when only partially repairable? (2016)

Comparative case series, Level IV.
Internal mirror optical fiber couplers (1989)

A description is given of a way of making mirrored fiber couplers, and test results on both multimode and single-mode taps are reported. The couplers were produced by a fusion splicing process similar to that used for making mirrors oriented normal to the axis in multimode and single-mode fibers. These mirrored fibers serve as compact directional couplers with low excess optical loss ( approximately=0.2 dB for multimode and 0.5 dB for single mode at 1.3 mu m) and excellent mechanical properties. The reflectance is found to be wavelength dependent and strongly polarization dependent, as expected.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>