gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Split-Merge Pooling (2020)

There are a variety of approaches to obtain a vast receptive field with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), such as pooling or striding convolutions. Most of these approaches were initially designed for image classification and later adapted to dense prediction tasks, such as semantic segmentation. However, the major drawback of this adaptation is the loss of spatial information. Even the popular dilated convolution approach, which in theory is able to operate with full spatial resolution, needs to subsample features for large image sizes in order to make the training and inference tractable. In this work, we introduce Split-Merge pooling to fully preserve the spatial information without any subsampling. By applying Split-Merge pooling to deep networks, we achieve, at the same time, a very large receptive field. We evaluate our approach for dense semantic segmentation of large image sizes taken from the Cityscapes and GTA-5 datasets. We demonstrate that by replacing max-pooling and striding convolutions with our split-merge pooling, we are able to improve the accuracy of different variations of ResNet significantly.
Dwyer instrumentation in the treatment of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (1982)

Twenty-eight patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis treated by anterior spinal fusion with Dwyer instrumentation were reviewed. The average length of follow-up was 6.9 years. This technique produced better correction of lateral curvature and rotation than Harrington instrumentation, particularly in the thoracolumbar and lumbar region. The length of spine requiring fusion was also shorter. There is, however, a tendency for Dwyer instrumentation to lead to kyphosis. Morbidity was significant and included one case of paraplegia, four cases of deep infection and one case of instrument failure. All of these complications, except one case of deep infection, occurred in patients with curves with an apex above the seventh thoracic vertebra.
Vandetanib (ZD6474), an inhibitor of VEGFR and EGFR signalling, as a novel molecular-targeted therapy against cholangiocarcinoma (2009)

Cholangiocarcinoma is an intractable cancer, with no effective therapy other than surgical resection. Elevated vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expressions are associated with the progression of cholangiocarcinoma. We therefore examined whether inhibition of VEGFR and EGFR could be a potential therapeutic target for cholangiocarcinoma. Vandetanib (ZD6474, ZACTIMA), a VEGFR-2/EGFR inhibitor, was evaluated. Four human cholangiocarcinoma cell lines were molecularly characterised and investigated for their response to vandetanib. In vitro, two cell lines (OZ and HuCCT1), both of which harboured KRAS mutation, were refractory to vandetanib, one cell line (TGBC24TKB) was somewhat resistant, and another cell line (TKKK) was sensitive. The most sensitive cell line (TKKK) had EGFR amplification. Vandetanib significantly inhibited the growth of TKKK xenografts at doses > or = 12.5 mg kg(-1) day(-1) (P<0.05), but higher doses (50 mg kg(-1) day(-1), P<0.05) of vandetanib were required to inhibit the growth of OZ xenografts. Vandetanib (25 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) also significantly (P=0.006) prolonged the time to metastasis in an intravenous model of TKKK metastasis. Inhibiting both VEGFR and EGFR signalling appears a promising therapeutic approach for cholangiocarcinoma. The absence of KRAS mutation and the presence of EGFR amplification may be potential predictive molecular marker of sensitivity to EGFR-targeted therapy in cholangiocarcinoma.
Asymptotic approximation method of optimal control applied to a power-system problem (1976)

A single machine power system connected to an infinite bus with both voltage regulator and speed governor controls is considered. This system mathematically can be described by an 8th-order nonlinear time-delay model. However, by perturbing a small scalar parameter, this 8th-order model can be reduced to a 3rd-order ordinary model without any pure time delays. An asymptotic approximate solution is constructed with respect to the scalar parameter for the 8th-order time delay model by using the solution of only the 3rd-order ordinary model. Numerical results indicate that the asymptotic solution is close to the optimal solution. Computationally, the asymptotic method is compared with the 2-variation method and is shown to be superior.
Scalable and modular pervasive logic/firmware design (2012)

With the advances in semiconductor technology, more and more units such as cores, caches, memory controller, and input/output (I/O) can be integrated on a single processor. The latest generation of the IBM System z® <trademarkname xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">*Trademark, service mark, or registered trademark of International Business Machines Corporation in the United States, other countries, or both.</trademarkname> processor family exploits these technology capabilities and integrates four cores, along with several cache, memory, and I/O units on a single die. More parallel units not only promise increased throughput but also add significant complexity to all chip-wide functions such as on-chip communication among the units. Many of the System z reliability, availability, and serviceability features are based on chip-wide functions, which are referred to as pervasive functions. Among others, the pervasive functions include chip initialization, test, control of clocks, monitoring of status information, and error reporting during system operation, as well as system reconfiguration while the system is running. As the complexity of many pervasive functions dramatically grows with the increasing number of integrated units, a new modular and scalable architecture for pervasive functions has been developed for the IBM zEnterprise® 196 processor (central processor (CP) chip) and system controller (SC chip) to cope with these challenges. This paper outlines the architecture for the CP and SC chips as they pertain to pervasive design. We discuss the architecture considerations taken when the new pervasive architecture was devised and elaborate on the implementation. Furthermore, we show how the novel pervasive architecture is used for very-large-scale integration testing, how it supports power management features, and how it facilitates a modular firmware design.
Analysis of community-contributed space- and time-referenced data (example of flickr and panoramio photos) (2009)

Space- and time-referenced data published on the Web by general people can be viewed in a dual way: as independent spatio-temporal events and as trajectories of people in the geographical space. These two views suppose different approaches to the analysis, which can yield different kinds of valuable knowledge about places and about people. We define possible types of analysis tasks related to the two views of the data and present several analysis methods appropriate for these tasks. The methods are suited to large amounts of the data.
A mathematical model of the impact of present and future malaria vaccines (2013)

The maximum-impact setting is one in which the impact of increasing bed net coverage has saturated, vector feeding is primarily outdoors, and transmission is just above the threshold where small perturbations from a vaccine intervention result in large community benefits.
Immobilization of bone morphogenetic protein‐2 on a nanofibrous chitosan membrane for enhanced guided bone regeneration (2005)

BMP-2 (bone morphogenetic protein-2) has been used in promoting bone formation and, in combination with various delivery carriers, in bone regeneration or bone tissue-engineering practice. In the present study, BMP-2 was immobilized directly on a GBR (guided bone-regenerative) membrane surface made of chitosan nanofibres, providing a bioactive surface that can enhance bone-regeneration capacity. The BMP-2-conjugated membrane surface retained bioactivity for up to 4 weeks of incubation, as well as holding over 50% of the initial BMP-2 attached. The BMP-2-conjugated surface increased osteoblastic cell attachment in accordance with the amount of BMP-2 conjugated. In addition, the BMP-2-conjugated chitosan membrane significantly promoted cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as calcium deposition when compared with BMP-2-adsorbed membrane, indicating a stable localization of BMP-2 at the surface of the chitosan membrane. Taking these findings together, the conjugation of BMP-2 on a chitosan nanofibrous membrane would seen to be applicable for inducing significant and localized bone formation in future GBR procedures.
Effects of Complementary Auditory Feedback in Robot-Assisted Lower Extremity Motor Adaptation (2013)

This study investigates how complementary auditory feedback may affect short-term gait modifications induced by four training sessions with a robotic exoskeleton. Healthy subjects walked on a treadmill and were instructed to match a modified gait pattern derived from their natural one, while receiving assistance by the robot (kinetic guidance). The main question we wanted to answer is whether the most commonly used combination of feedback (i.e., haptic and visual) could be either enhanced by adding auditory feedback or successfully substituted with a combination of kinetic guidance and auditory feedback. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four groups, all of which received kinetic guidance. The control group received additional visual feedback, while the three experimental groups were each provided with a different modality of auditory feedback. The third experimental group also received the same visual feedback as the control group. Differences among the training modalities in gait kinematics, timing and symmetry were assessed in three post-training sessions.
In vitro and In vivo studies of local arterial gene delivery and transfection using lipopolyplexes‐embedded stents (2009)

Gene-eluting stents can have profound impact in the treatment of coronary restenosis, especially when the encoded protein can re-endothelialize the arterial lumen. In this study, we have examined gene delivery in vitro and in vivo using poly(beta-amino ester) (PbAE) precondensed plasmid DNA-containing cationic liposomes or lipopolyplexes (LPP) immobilized on stainless steel meshes and stents using gelatin coatings. In vitro studies using LPP-immobilized on 50 mm round meshes using type A and B gelatin coatings showed that LPP were efficiently internalized in human aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC) over time, leading to green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. Type B gelatin coating was found to be more effective in intracellular delivery and transgene expression efficiency and, as such, was used for stent coating. In vivo studies, carried out in iliac artery restenosis model in New Zealand white rabbits, also showed GFP expression in arterial tissues after 24 h of implantation. Based on these encouraging preliminary results, LPP-based formulations can serve as a safe and effective nonviral gene delivery system for effective treatment of coronary restenosis.
Through a Beer Glass Darkly (1991)

Pour yourself a glass of beer and look closely at the rising bubbles. Careful examination shows that they are seldom distributed uniformly throughout the liquid. Instead, streams of bubbles appear to rise from certain spots on the surface of the glass. Closer inspection reveals that the bubbles rapidly grow in size as they ascend, the volume of each bubble often doubling or more by the time it reaches the top of the glass. In addition, the speed of the bubbles increases as they travel upward.
Relative extinction coefficient measurements for naked silver atom clusters, Ag1,2,3,by photoaggregation techniques (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelative extinction coefficient measurements for naked silver atom clusters, Ag1,2,3,by photoaggregation techniquesSteven A. Mitchell and Geoffrey A. OzinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1978, 100, 21, 6776–6777Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00489a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00489a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New microsatellite loci for suckers (Catostomidae): primer homology in Catostomus , Chasmistes , and Deltistes (2001)

Abstract Herein we describe the development of microsatellite markers for five Catostomid species: Catostomus snyderi , Catostomus rimiculus , Chasmistes brevirostris , Deltistes luxatus , and Catostomus occidentalis . A total of 89 primer pairs were developed from enriched (CA) n and (GATA) n libraries created from the D. luxatus genome. The successful amplification of 82 polymorphic loci across three Catostomid genera indicates that the microsatellite markers described in this study will be broadly applicable.
Adversarial Robustness Across Representation Spaces (2020)

Adversarial robustness corresponds to the susceptibility of deep neural networks to imperceptible perturbations made at test time. In the context of image tasks, many algorithms have been proposed to make neural networks robust to adversarial perturbations made to the input pixels. These perturbations are typically measured in an $\ell_p$ norm. However, robustness often holds only for the specific attack used for training. In this work we extend the above setting to consider the problem of training of deep neural networks that can be made simultaneously robust to perturbations applied in multiple natural representation spaces. For the case of image data, examples include the standard pixel representation as well as the representation in the discrete cosine transform~(DCT) basis. We design a theoretically sound algorithm with formal guarantees for the above problem. Furthermore, our guarantees also hold when the goal is to require robustness with respect to multiple $\ell_p$ norm based attacks. We then derive an efficient practical implementation and demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on standard datasets for image classification.
DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF OVARIECTOMY ON THE CONTINENCE REFLEX INDUCED BY SNEEZE AND PASSIVE INTRAVESICAL PRESSURE RISE IN RATS (2008)

You have accessJournal of Urology1 Apr 2008DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF OVARIECTOMY ON THE CONTINENCE REFLEX INDUCED BY SNEEZE AND PASSIVE INTRAVESICAL PRESSURE RISE IN RATS Masashi Honda, Ikuo Miyagawa, Michael B Chancellor, and Naoki Yoshimura Masashi HondaMasashi Honda More articles by this author , Ikuo MiyagawaIkuo Miyagawa More articles by this author , Michael B ChancellorMichael B Chancellor More articles by this author , and Naoki YoshimuraNaoki Yoshimura More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(08)61570-0AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF OVARIECTOMY ON THE CONTINENCE REFLEX INDUCED BY SNEEZE AND PASSIVE INTRAVESICAL PRESSURE RISE IN RATS." The Journal of Urology, 179(4S), p. 534 © 2008 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 179Issue 4SApril 2008Page: 534 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2008 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Masashi Honda More articles by this author Ikuo Miyagawa More articles by this author Michael B Chancellor More articles by this author Naoki Yoshimura More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Monocyte and/or Macrophage Infiltration of Heart after Myocardial Infarction: MR Imaging by Using T1-shortening Liposomes (2012)

R1 mapping after labeling monocytes with T1-shortening DLLs enables the measurement of post-MI monocyte and/or macrophage spatiotemporal kinetics.
High n++ doped germanium: Dopant in-diffusion and modeling (2011)

We present an active carrier concentration of 3 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> in epitaxial Ge-on-Si for light emitting devices by dopant enhanced in-diffusion of phosphorus from a high-level dopant reservoir.
Clustered Coding Variants in the Glutamate Receptor Complexes of Individuals with Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder (2011)

Current models of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder implicate multiple genes, however their biological relationships remain elusive. To test the genetic role of glutamate receptors and their interacting scaffold proteins, the exons of ten glutamatergic 'hub' genes in 1304 individuals were re-sequenced in case and control samples. No significant difference in the overall number of non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) was observed between cases and controls. However, cluster analysis of nsSNPs identified two exons encoding the cysteine-rich domain and first transmembrane helix of GRM1 as a risk locus with five mutations highly enriched within these domains. A new splice variant lacking the transmembrane GPCR domain of GRM1 was discovered in the human brain and the GRM1 mutation cluster could perturb the regulation of this variant. The predicted effect on individuals harbouring multiple mutations distributed in their ten hub genes was also examined. Diseased individuals possessed an increased load of deleteriousness from multiple concurrent rare and common coding variants. Together, these data suggest a disease model in which the interplay of compound genetic coding variants, distributed among glutamate receptors and their interacting proteins, contribute to the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and bipolar disorders.
Genes and Schizophrenia: Beyond Schizophrenia: The Role of DISC1 in Major Mental Illness (2005)

Schizophrenia and related disorders have a major genetic component, but despite much effort and many claims, few genes have been consistently replicated and fewer have biological support. One recent exception is "Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1" (DISC1), which was identified at the breakpoint on chromosome 1 of the balanced translocation (1;11)(q42.1;q14.3) that co-segregated in a large Scottish family with a wide spectrum of major mental illnesses. Since then, genetic analysis has implicated DISC1 in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar affective disorder, and major depression. Importantly, evidence is emerging from genetic studies for a causal relationship between DISC1 and directly measurable trait variables such as working memory, cognitive aging, and decreased gray matter volume in the prefrontal cortex, abnormalities in hippocampal structure and function, and reduction in the amplitude of the P300 event-related potential. Further, DISC1 binds a number of proteins known to be involved in essential processes of neuronal function, including neuronal migration, neurite outgrowth, cytoskeletal modulation, and signal transduction. Thus, both genetic and functional data provide evidence for a critical role for DISC1 in schizophrenia and related disorders, supporting the neurodevelopmental hypothesis for the molecular pathogenesis of these devastating illnesses.
Tailoring polycarboxylate architecture to improve the rheological properties of cement paste (2019)

This study elucidates the link between polycarboxylate (PC) architecture (random vs. block) and rheological properties of cement pastes at a low water-cement ratio (W/C = 0.22) through a systematic investigation on the rheological properties, adsorption properties, solution viscosity and polymer hydrodynamic radius. Adsorption data show that the adsorption amount of the block PC is larger than that of the random PC while the paste flow is the same even though the dosage of the former is smaller, possibly owing to the fact that the adsorbing carboxylic groups are concentrated at one end in the case of the block PC, and the absence of neutral side chains in the adsorbing block effectively reduces the free energy barrier of PC adsorption. Results on the polymer hydrodynamic radius from dynamic light scattering (DLS) illustrate that the hydrodynamic radius of the block PC is smaller than that of the random PC, and in consistence with the DLS results, the solution of the block PC is also found to have a lower viscosity at the same polymer weight concentration. It is worth-noting that the apparent viscosity of the cement paste has a close relation with the viscosity of PC remaining in solution. The dual effects of a larger adsorption amount and a smaller hydrodynamic radius of the block PC effectively reduce the viscosity of PC remaining in solution, and hence effective reduce the apparent viscosity of cement pastes. It is believed that this study allows for a better understanding of the influences of polycarboxylate architecture on rheological properties of cementitious materials.
General aspects of activation-deactivation processes with Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerization catalysts (1992)

International audience
A recursive technique for computing delays in series-parallel MOS transistor circuits (1991)

An efficient recursive technique for computing the Elmore delay in series-parallel resistance-capacitance (RC) networks is presented. The time complexity of the algorithm is on the order of the number of resistors times the number of nodes to which the delay has to be computed. In this respect it is superior to other known methods, particularly to that of P.K. Chan Karplus. Although that algorithm is more general, the present method should be attractive given the fact that many VLSI MOS circuits are based on design styles which are restricted to series-parallel transistor networks, which, in particular, exclude bridges. A special type of series-parallel RC circuit occurs in interconnection networks driven by multiple sources. A variation on the first algorithm, which is especially useful in a hierarchical simulator, is presented for computing the Elmore delay in such networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Identification of Some Key Parameters for Photoelectric Laser Simulation of IC: An Experimental Approach (2005)

International audience