gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FINAL REPORT ON CONTROL ALGORITHM TO IMPROVE THE PARTIAL-LOAD EFFICIENCY OFSURFACE PM MACHINES WITH FRACTIONAL-SLOT CONCENTRATED WINDINGS (2007)

Surface permanent magnet (SPM) synchronous machines using fractional-slot concentrated windings are being investigated as candidates for high-performance traction machines for automotive electric propulsion systems. It has been shown analytically and experimentally that such designs can achieve very wide constant-power speed ratios (CPSR) [1,2]. This work has shown that machines of this type are capable of achieving very low cogging torque amplitudes as well as significantly increasing the machine power density [3-5] compared to SPM machines using conventional distributed windings. High efficiency can be achieved in this class of SPM machine by making special efforts to suppress the eddy-current losses in the magnets [6-8], accompanied by efforts to minimize the iron losses in the rotor and stator cores. Considerable attention has traditionally been devoted to maximizing the full-load efficiency of traction machines at their rated operating points and along their maximum-power vs. speed envelopes for higher speeds [9,10]. For example, on-line control approaches have been presented for maximizing the full-load efficiency of PM synchronous machines, including the use of negative d-axis stator current to reduce the core losses [11,12]. However, another important performance specification for electric traction applications is the machine's efficiency at partial loads. Partial-load efficiency is particularly important if the target traction application requires long periods of cruising operation at light loads that are significantly lower than the maximum drive capabilities. While the design of the machine itself is clearly important, investigation has shown that this is a case where the choice of the control algorithm plays a critical role in determining the maximum partial-load efficiency that the machine actually achieves in the traction drive system. There is no evidence that this important topic has been addressed for this type of SPM machine by any other authors. This topic takes on even greater significance for fractional-slot concentrated-winding SPM machine designs. In particular, maximizing the torque/power density of this class of SPM machines typically leads to machine designs with high numbers of poles. The resulting high electrical frequencies can easily result in high stator core losses unless special care is taken during the machine design process. The purpose of this report is to discuss a modified vector control algorithm for a fractional-slot concentrated winding SPM machine that has been developed to maximize the machine's partial-load efficiency over a wide range of operating conditions. For purposes of this discussion, a 55 kW (peak) SPM machine designed to meet requirements established in the US FreedomCar program [13] is used as the basis for demonstrating the proposed technique. A combination of closed-form analysis [14] and finite element analysis (FEA) is used during this investigation.
Poly(hydroxyalkanoate) Elastomers and Their Graphene Nanocomposites (2014)

Medium-chain-length poly(hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAmcl) are biodegradable and renewable biopolymers with elastomeric qualities. Here we report on the preparation and characterization of composite materials using thermally reduced graphene (TRG) nanoparticles as filler with three PHAmcl polymers. The matrices vary with respect to chain packing length, capacity for noncovalent bonding with the TRG surface, and the presence of covalent cross-linking. Results show that the addition of up to 2.5 vol % TRG to PHAmcl increases the melting temperature by 1–3 °C, the modulus by 200–590%, and the electrical conductivity by >7 orders of magnitude. Additionally, we use rheology and microscopy to characterize the composites. We discuss our results in light of polymer entanglement theory and the effects of polymer structure, filler loading volume, and the role of graphene-polymer interfacial forces. We extend our discussion by comparing the modulus enhancements of PHAmcl composites to those reported in other studies in which layered carbon nanofillers are combined with structurally related biopolyesters including: polylactide, polylactide-co-polyglycolide, polycaprolactone, and two other PHA copolymers.
Dual 1H/19F MR imaging approach for detection of enzyme activity (2012)

Numerous processes taking place in living organism demand the action of enzymes. These catalysts serve as indicators of diseases and are used as markers of gene expression. Hence, a development of imaging probes allowing noninvasive in vivo mapping of enzyme activity by means of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) would provide a powerful means for assaying the efficacy of gene therapies and diseases diagnostics. Several mono-modal enzyme-responsive MRI probes have been reported over the years. Nevertheless, dual-modality imaging has recently attracted much attention as the way to facilitate visualization of enzyme activity in vivo by combining the benefits of different imaging techniques. In this line, we now demonstrate a smart dual-modal 1H/19F MRI probe, Gd-DOMF-Gal, sensing the activity of beta-galactosidase (marker enzyme used for revealing gene expression) as a prototype of a novel class of probes for specific detection of enzymes. In its molecular design we explored the use of a self-immolative linker that was inserted between the imaging reporters (Gd3+-chelate and a fluorine-bearing unit) and an enzyme recognizable moiety. The enzymatic activation of the probe resulted in a decomposition of the self-immolative spacer with release of imaging moieties leading to alternations in 1H/19F MRI signal intensities. Accordingly, as shown in the representative images (Fig.1, left) of phantoms filled with solutions of Gd-DOMF-Gal and samples treated with beta-galactosidase in phosphate buffer (PBS), no 19F MRI signal was detected for intact probe (intramolecular relaxation enhancement of fluorine relaxation times by paramagnetic gadolinium), whereas a 19F MRI signal of increasing intensity was observed after enzymatic conversion [1]. The corresponding proton T1 map (Fig.1, right) acquired during the same imaging session on a 7T scanner (∼25°C) prior to 19F measurements displayed a significantly longer T1 in the samples pre-incubated with beta-galactosidase. The longitudinal relaxivity (r1) of Gd-DOMF-Gal in PBS was found to be 6.7±0.6 mM-1s-1 and 5.1±0.5 mM-1s-1 for the cleaved complex (300 MHz,∼25°C), whereas at 123 MHz the r1 values were found to be 9.6±0.1 mM-1s-11 and 7.0±0.1 mM-11s-1, respectively. To explore the effect of buffer composition on relaxivity we also determined the r1 values at 123 MHz (∼25°C) in HEPES buffer (does not coordinate to gadolinium center) where the relative change in relaxivity Δr1 of 46% between Gd-DOMF-Gal and cleaved complex was higher than Δr1 obtained in PBS buffer (27%) [1]. In order to increase probe sensitivity, we have now introduced structural modifications and synthesized derivatives of Gd-DOMF-Gal with an increased number of fluorine per molecule. Here, we will present the rationale for our molecular design and MR evaluation of the enzymatic conversion of 1H/19F probes under in vitro conditions and in a cellular model. With this approach that explores the use of self-immolative spacers we will also extend in the future the application of the proposed model for the detection of other enzymes.
Furin cleavage of the SARS-CoV-2 spike is modulated by O-glycosylation (2021)

The SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus responsible for the global pandemic contains a unique furin cleavage site in the spike protein (S) that increases viral infectivity and syncytia formation. Here, we show that O-glycosylation near the furin cleavage site is mediated by specific members of the GALNT enzyme family and is dependent on the novel proline at position 681 (P681). We further demonstrate that O-glycosylation of S decreases furin cleavage. Finally, we show that GALNT family members capable of glycosylating S are expressed in human respiratory cells that are targets for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our results suggest that O-glycosylation may influence viral infectivity/tropism by modulating furin cleavage of S and provide mechanistic insight into the potential role of P681 mutations in the recently identified, highly transmissible B.1.1.7 variant.
Dual-Responsive Reversible Plasmonic Behavior of Core–Shell Nanostructures with pH-Sensitive and Electroactive Polymer Shells (2016)

We report novel dual-responsive plasmonic core–shell anisotropic nanostructures composed of gold nanorod (AuNR) and responsive polyaniline (PANI) shells with plasmonic mode appearance reversibly modulated through orthogonal stimuli (i.e., electrical potential and pH change). In this system, the PANI shells provide AuNR cores with three different refractive index environments depending on stimuli (pH and electrical potential). Therefore, no additional secondary responsive component is necessary to induce the dual-responsive properties of AuNR cores. Furthermore, in this study, dual-responsive properties can be realized for nanostructures fixed on substrates, whereas previously reported dual-responsive plasmonic systems can only be controlled in solution. Here, the highest localized surface plasmonic resonance (LSPR) shift of the AuNR cores can be induced by changing both local pH and applying electric potential. Notably, a significant plasmon band shift by 107 nm is realized with only 8 nm thick PANI shell due to the large refractive index change at the gold–polymer interface. A maximum shift of the longitudinal plasmon mode of 149 nm is obtained by applying a modest electrical potential (below ±1 V), a large shift rarely reported in the literature for metal nanostructures. Moreover, our anisotropic core/shell nanostructures exhibit stable and reversible dual-responsive LSPR behavior over 100 cycles without degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Chemistry of Dinuclear Metal Centers. Part 14. Synthesis, X‐Ray Structure, and Reactivity of the Ruthenium‐Ruthenium Double‐Bonded Complex (Ru2(μ‐CO)(μ‐C2Ph2)(η‐C5H5)2). (1990)

Abstract The air‐stable title complex (II) (space group Pbca, Z = 8) is obtained on UV irradiation of the metallacycle (I).
Design and testing of an annular array for very-high-frequency imaging (2004)

Very-high-frequency ultrasound (VHFU) transducer technology is currently experiencing a great deal of interest. Traditionally, researchers have used single-element transducers which achieve exceptional lateral image resolution although at a very limited depth of field. A 5-ring focused annular array, a transducer geometry that permits an increased depth of field via electronic focusing, has been constructed. The transducer is fabricated with a PVDF membrane and a copper-clad Kapton film with an annular array pattern. The PVDF is bonded to the Kapton film and pressed into a spherically curved shape. The back side of the transducer is then filled with epoxy. One side of the PVDF is metallized with gold, forming the ground plane of the transducer. The array elements are accessed electrically via copper traces formed on the Kapton film. The annular array consists of 5 equal-area rings with an outer diameter of 1 cm and a radius of curvature of 9 mm. A wire reflector target was used to test the imaging capability of the transducer by acquiring B-scan data for each transmit/receive pair. A synthetic aperture approach was then used to reconstruct the image and demonstrate the enhanced depth of field capabilities of the transducer.
Hybrid Energy Transfer Line With Liquid Hydrogen and Superconducting $\hbox{MgB}_{2}$ Cable—First Experimental Proof of Concept (2013)

The transfer of massive amounts of both electrical and chemical power over long distances will present a major challenge for the global energy enterprise in the future. Attraction of hydrogen is apparent as a chemical energy agent, possessing among the highest energy density content of various common fuels, whose combustive “waste” is simply water. It could be transferred via cryogenic tubes being liquid at temperatures ~18-26 K. The usage of “gratis” cold to cool a superconducting cable made of a proper superconductor permits to deliver extra electrical power with the same line. In this paper, we describe the experimental modeling of this concept via a combined MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -cryogenic dc superconducting cable refrigerated by “singlet” phase liquid hydrogen. We present the design, construction details, and test results of a 10-m prototype, focusing on choice of MgB <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> cable and cryostat technologies. We also discuss the opportunities and possibilities for future practical deployment of such hybrid energy delivery systems.
Extremely nondegenerate two-photon detection of sub-bandgap pulses (2011)

Our observation of two-to-three orders of magnitude enhancement of nondegenerate two-photon absorption in direct-gap semiconductors has led to gated detection of subgap femtosecond pulses, e.g. measurement of 200fs 5.6μm pulses in a GaN photodiode.
Supplemental Figure Legends from Phase I/II Study of the Mesothelin-targeted Immunotoxin LMB-100 with Nab-Paclitaxel for Patients with Advanced Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (2023)

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Design of a 9.5 GHz printed CP rectenna by using a sequentially rotated feeding (2014)

This paper presents a printed CP rectenna design by using a sequentially rotated feeding method for axial ratio purity and simple structure. The half-wave rectifier is designed with HSMS-8101 Schottky diode at 9.5 GHz. The rectifier and the antenna are connected using via-hole transition structure and consist of two substrates. The measured maximum efficiency of the rectifier is 67% at 15.5 dBm of input power. The proposed SRF CP antenna shows good axial ratio, corresponding axial ratio is 0.9 dB at 9.5 GHz.
Novel Intergenically Spliced Chimera, NFATC3-PLA2G15 , Is Associated with Aggressive T-ALL Biology and Outcome (2018)

Leukemias are frequently characterized by the expression of oncogenic fusion chimeras that normally arise due to chromosomal rearrangements. Intergenically spliced chimeric RNAs (ISC) are transcribed in the absence of structural genomic changes, and aberrant ISC expression is now recognized as a potential driver of cancer. To better understand these potential oncogenic drivers, high-throughput RNA sequencing was performed on T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) patient specimens (<i>n</i> = 24), and candidate T-ALL-related ISCs were identified (<i>n</i> = 55; a median of 4/patient). In-depth characterization of the NFATC3-PLA2G15 chimera, which was variably expressed in primary T-ALL, was performed. Functional assessment revealed that the fusion had lower activity than wild-type NFATC3 <i>in vitro</i>, and T-ALLs with elevated <i>NFATC3-PLA2G15</i> levels had reduced transcription of canonical NFAT pathway genes <i>in vivo</i> Strikingly, high expression of the <i>NFATC3-PLA2G15</i> chimera correlated with aggressive disease biology in murine patient-derived T-ALL xenografts, and poor prognosis in human T-ALL patients. <i>Mol Cancer Res; 16(3); 470-5. ©2018 AACR</i>.
The mechanism of lifetime improvement through vanadium addition to multilayer ceramic capacitor with nickel electrode (2018)

One of the methods to improve the lifetime of a multilayer ceramic capacitor with Ni electrode (Ni-MLCC) is vanadium addition. With the addition of vanadium, insulation resistance deteriorates and reliability improves. The resistance elements of the three resistor-capacitor electrical equivalent circuit: dielectric-electrode interface, grain boundary, and grain, all deteriorated. In particular, the interface resistance significantly deteriorated with the increase in vanadium. The experimental results suggest that the high interface resistance is not always necessary to improve reliability of Ni-MLCCs. It is deduced that oxygen vacancy formation is suppressed with vanadium addition from the first principles calculation and the thermally stimulated depolarization current analysis. Therefore, the decrease in oxygen concentration is the main factor for improving reliability with vanadium addition.
Cloning and characterization of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa pbpB gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 3 (1995)

Clones containing the pbpB gene which encodes penicillin-binding protein (PBP) 3 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected by hybridization by PCR amplification with primers based on the conserved sequences of high-molecular-weight PBPs. The translated amino acid sequence demonstrated 45% identity and had a total of 66% conserved amino acids relative to the Escherichia coli PBP3. The pbpB gene was located upstream of a gene homologous to the E. coli murE gene, which encodes uridine diphosphate-N-acetyl muramic acid-tripeptide synthetase. The overexpressed pbpB gene product reacted with 3H-penicillin G and had an apparent molecular weight of 60,000.
THEORY OF ANOMALOUS PARITY STATES IN g/sub 9/2/-SHELL NUCLEI. (1972)

moment indicates clearly an enhancement in these states due to the core excitations. However, the present shell model calculation that produces the 19{sup +}-21{sup +} level inversion cannot accept the large-deformation picture of Mukha et al. [Nature (London) 439, 298 (2006)].
The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide from H 2 and O 2 using Pd–Ni/TiO 2 catalysts (2020)

The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) from molecular H<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> offers an attractive, decentralized alternative to production compared to the current means of production, the anthraquinone process. Herein we evaluate the performance of a 0.5%Pd-4.5%Ni/TiO<sub>2</sub> catalyst in batch and flow reactor systems using water as a solvent at ambient temperature. These reaction conditions are considered challenging for the synthesis of high H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> concentrations, with the use of sub-ambient temperatures and alcohol co-solvents typical. Catalytic activity was observed to be stable to prolonged use in multiple batch experiments or in a flow system, with selectivities towards H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> of 97% and 85%, respectively. This study was carried out in the absence of halide or acid additives that are typically used to inhibit sequential H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> degradation reactions showing that this Pd-Ni catalyst has the potential to produce H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> selectively. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Science to enable the circular economy'.
An innovative nonlinear filter for radar kinematic estimation of maneuvering targets in 2D (2017)

In this paper we consider the problem of tracking a target in a 2D space whose model is based on a constant velocity assumption (up to a process noise) in the Frenet-Serret frame (or intrinsic coordinates). This model is particularly suited to straight lines and coordinated turn motions. Then, we adapt the Invariant Extended Kalman Filter (IEKF), as in [1], a novel variant of the EKF on Lie groups, to suit this dynamical model. Numerical experiments inspired by real fighter trajectories confirm the validity of our approach.
The Impact of Low Octane Primary Reference Fuel on HCCI Combustion Burn Rates: The Role of Thermal Stratification (2016)

A new experimental method was developed which isolated charge composition effects for wide levels of internal EGR (iEGR) at constant total EGR (tEGR) for negative valve overlap (NVO) homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) combustion. Using this method, the effect of changing iEGR was examined for both research grade gasoline (RON = 90.5) and PRF40 across multiple engine speeds and at constant charge composition. For this study, the charge composition was defined as the total mass of fresh air, fuel and tEGR. Comparison also was made between the two fuels at a fixed iEGR level to isolate, independent of compositional effects, the effect of a low octane fuel on HCCI burn rates. From the experimental results, for all engine speeds, for a given iEGR level, PRF40 was found to have a reduced burn duration and higher maximum heat release rate (HRR) compared with gasoline. PRF40 was found to have a nearly constant burn duration and HRR for a given load and CA50, largely independent of engine speed and iEGR level. Gasoline, for equivalent conditions, showed an increased burn duration at higher iEGR levels. When comparing PRF40 to gasoline at fixed speed, combustion phasing and iEGR level, the increase in HRR was found to coincide with reduced intake valve closing (IVC) temperatures necessary to maintain constant combustion phasing for the PRF40. The reduced IVC temperature for PRF40 reduced the thermal stratification in-cylinder compared with gasoline and may have been the cause of this change. To examine the impact of thermal gradients relative to fuel chemistry, a multi-zone “balloon model” was used to evaluate experimental conditions. The model used a reduced chemical kinetic mechanism for PRFs with PRF87 representing gasoline. The results of the model demonstrated that when the in-cylinder temperature profiles between PRF40 and PRF87 were matched by adjusting wall temperature, the heat release rates were nearly identical. This result suggested the observed differences in burn rates between gasoline and PRF40 were influenced to a large degree by differences in thermal stratification, and to a lesser extent by differences in fuel chemistry.
Comment on “Millimeter-Sized Hole Damming” (2018)

In a recent article, Ng and co-workers (Langmuir 2017, 33, 13892-13898; doi: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b03290) demonstrated the ability of containers with a small hole in their bottom to resist the drainage of water. They used Laplace's capillary rise equation to explain their results, which grossly underestimated the onset of drainage. In this comment, an alternative analysis is offered. Equations are derived specifically for the drainage of liquid from a small hole in a horizontal surface. This approach yielded reasonably accurate predictions for Ng's experimental data.
On the diversity of secreted phospholipases A2: cloning, tissue distribution, and functional expression of two novel mouse group II enzymes. (2000)

Page 31197, Fig. 1: The protein sequence of mGX sPLA2 contains a lysine residue (K) instead of an arginine residue (R) at position 91 in Figure 1. The GenBank™ release for mGX sPLA2 (AF166097) has been changed accordingly.
Commercial design verification: methodology and tools (2002)

Commercial design verification is a complex activity involving many abstraction levels (such as architectural, register transfer, gate, switch, circuit, fabrication), many different aspects of design (such as timing, speed, functional, power, reliability and manufacturability) and many different design styles (such as ASIC, full custom, semi-custom, memory, cores, and asynchronous). We present a representative design flow and methodology that is common to many commercial integrated circuit design environments and that concentrates on functional validation using informal verification (e.g., simulation, emulation and ATPG) and formal verification (e.g., logic checking and sequential verification).