gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SURGETICA at Grenoble: from computer assisted medical interventions to quality inspired surgery. (2004)

Research on "Computer Assisted Medical Interventions" (CAMI) was initiated in Grenoble in 1984, as an attempt to take up the challenge of "Minimally Invasive Interventions", thanks to the introduction of Information and Communication Techniques in the Operating Room. In a first section, we will describe our initial vision. The corresponding achievements will then be presented. A final section will show that the challenge now is to "invert this movement": instead of moving the computer in the Operating Room, we should embed the surgeon (or at least his or her expertise) into the Information Technology based tools he or she uses.
A Framework for System Design Optimization Based on Maintenance Scheduling With Prognostics and Health Management (2013)

The optimal maintenance scheduling of systems with degrading components is highly coupled with the design of the system and various uncertainties associated with the system, including the operating conditions, the interaction of different degradation profiles of various system components, and the ability to measure and predict degradation using prognostics and health management (PHM) technologies. Due to this complexity, designers need to understand the correlations and feedback between the design variables and lifecycle parameters to make optimal decisions. A framework is proposed for the high level integration of design, component degradation, and maintenance decisions. The framework includes constructing screening models for rapid design evaluation, defining a multi-objective robust optimization problem, and using sensitivity studies to compare trade-offs between different design and maintenance strategies. A case example of power plant condenser is used to illustrate the proposed framework and advise how designers can make informed comparisons between different design concepts and maintenance strategies under highly uncertain lifecycle conditions.Copyright © 2013 by ASME
Cover Image, Volume 116, Number 6, June 2019 (2019)

The front cover image is based on the Article Fine-tuning the (2S)-naringenin synthetic pathway using an iterative high-throughput balancing strategy by Shenghu Zhou et al., DOI: 10.1002/bit.26941.
Rapid identification of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 variants by mRNA display (2022)

The increasing prevalence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants with the ability to escape existing humoral protection conferred by previous infection and/or immunization necessitates the discovery of broadly reactive neutralizing antibodies (nAbs). Utilizing mRNA display, we identify a set of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) proteins and characterize the structures of nAbs that recognize epitopes in the S1 subunit of the S glycoprotein. These structural studies reveal distinct binding modes for several antibodies, including the targeting of rare cryptic epitopes in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of S that interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) to initiate infection, as well as the S1 subdomain 1. Further, we engineer a potent ACE2-blocking nAb to sustain binding to S RBD with the E484K and L452R substitutions found in multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants. We demonstrate that mRNA display is an approach for the rapid identification of nAbs that can be used in combination to combat emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants.
5-Hydroxytryptamine2a, 5-hydroxytryptamine2B, and 5-hydroxytryptamine2C receptor mRNA expression in the spinal cord of rat, cat, monkey and human (1994)

Currently three subtypes of the 5-HT2 receptor have been identified through binding studies and/or molecular biology studies, 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B, and 5-HT2C. The identification of these receptor subtypes in the spinal cord of humans and experimental animal species is incomplete. In the present study, polymerase chain reaction with Southern hybridization analysis was used to determine whether the mRNA for the 5-HT2A, 5-HT2B and 5-HT2C receptors could be detected in spinal cord tissue from rats, cats, monkeys and humans. Brain tissue from rat, cat and monkey were also examined for comparison. 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B receptor mRNAs were amplified and localized with rat 5-HT2A and 5-HT2B primers and probes, respectively, in tissue from all species. In rats, 5-HT2C receptor mRNA was amplified and localized with rat 5-HT2C primer and mouse 5-HT2C probe, respectively, while in cat, monkey, and human tissue, human 5-HT2C primers and probes were used. Spinal cord from all four species contained mRNA for the 5-HT2A receptor. Brain tissue from rat, cat and monkey also contained 5-HT2A mRNA. Spinal cord tissue from all four species contained 5-HT2B message. Brain tissue from cat and monkey contained 5-HT2B mRNA, but this was not detected in rat brain. 5-HT2C mRNA was detected in spinal cord and brain tissue from rat, monkey and human, but was only detected in brain tissue of the cat (i.e. no 5-HT2C mRNA was detected in cat spinal cord).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Low-loss optical stripe waveguides in LiNbO 3 formed by He + implantation (1987)

We report the fabrication of low-loss stripe optical wave-guides in LiNbO 3by He+ implantation. At a wavelength of 633 nm the waveguides were found to have a propagation loss as low as l-OdBcm−1, dependent on the make-up of the vertical waveguide walls. These waveguides were also found to exhibit no photorefractive effects.
The effect of the ferrocene unit on mesomorphic properties (1993)

Abstract The synthesis of a number of 1,1′-disubstituted ferrocene-containing compounds is described; the structures of the compounds containing the ferrocene unit are related to those of mesogenic systems containing a 1,4-disubstituted benzene ring or a trans-1,4-cyclohexyl ring. Direct comparisons are made between the aryl-, cyclohexyl- and ferrocene-containing compounds in order to assess the effect on transition temperatures of replacing a benzene or cyclohexyl ring with a ferrocene unit. In comparison with conventional ring systems the ferrocene unit causes substantial reductions in clearing temperatures.
A color selection tool for the readability of textual information on web pages (2006)

One of the issues in Web page design is the selection of appropriate combinations of background and foreground colors to display textual information. Colors have to be selected in order to guarantee legibility for different devices, viewing conditions and, more important, for all the users, including those with deficient color vision. In this paper we present a tool to select background and foreground colors for the display of textual information. The tool is based on the Munsell Book of Colors; it allows the browsing of the atlas and indicates plausible colors based on a set of legibility rules, which have been defined experimentally.
[4‐(Acetylamino)phenyl]imidodisulfuryl Difluoride (2021)

[2172794-56-6] C8H8F2N2O5S2 (MW 314.28) InChI = 1S/C8H8F2N2O5S2/c1-6(13)11-7-2-4-8(5-3-7)12(18(9,14)15)19(10,16)17/h2-5H,1H3,(H,11,13) InChIKey = SMMIWAIOWMUFCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N (useful reagent for the fluorosulfurylation of phenols and amines) Alternative Names: AISF, (4-acetamidophenyl)(fluorosulfonyl)sulfamoyl fluoride, N-[4-[bis(fluorosulfonyl)amino]phenyl]-acetamide Physical Data: mp 141.0–143.1°C (dec.).1 Solubility: soluble in most organic solvents. Form Supplied in: white or off-white solid (commercially available).1 Analysis of Reagent Purity: AISF has been characterized by 1H, 13C, and 19F NMR, HRMS, IR, and X-ray crystallography. Preparative Method: Acetanilide is added dropwise to a refluxing solution of (diacetoxyiodo)benzene and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE). When the reaction is complete, it is cooled to room temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified via silica gel flash chromatography (45% EtOAc/heptane). The purified product is dissolved in hot MTBE, after which activated charcoal is added, and the suspension is stirred overnight. Filtering results in an off-white solid which is then triturated with MTBE/heptane (1:1) to yield AISF (1) (77%) as a white solid. Alternatively, AISF may be prepared using a chromatography-free procedure. Here, activated charcoal is added to the crude reaction mixture and stirred at room temperature. The solids are removed by filtration, and the solution is concentrated under reduced pressure. To the crude product are added DMSO, water, and brine (10:2:1 mixture), followed by extraction with MTBE (4×). The organic layer is washed with water, then brine, and dried using anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After filtering, the organic layer is diluted with heptane and stirred on an ice bath to yield AISF (1) (60%) as a white solid.1 (1) Handling, Storage, and Precautions: AISF is a bench-stable solid that can be stored and utilized at room temperature. AISF decomposes at temperatures above its melting point. Therefore, heating above 140 °C should be avoided.
Very Low Dark Current CCD Image Sensor (2009)

Very low dark current in charge-coupled-device image sensors is established by means of multipinned phase combined with vertical antiblooming, so-called all-gates pinning. Hereby, dark-current generation at the surface and diffusion from the bulk are suppressed. Using a conventional 6 times 6 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> image pixel with an additional n-type implant, a dark-current level of 1.5 pA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> is obtained at 60degC without loss of optical performance. This means that the pixel dark current is reduced by a factor 80.
Adaptive Distributed EMS for Small Clusters of Resilient LVDC Microgrids (2018)

Microgrids, storage technologies and renewables are cited as viable options to address resilience challenges faced by the power grids due to natural or man-made disasters. They are also cited as enablers for the recent research interest in low voltage DC microgrids. In this work, an architecture of a resilient small community of microgrids is presented. Furthermore, a distributed and adaptive energy management system is proposed for the tertiary power flow control of a small cluster of DC microgrids, that operate in a cooperative manner to achieve a high level of independence and resilience. To do this, each microgrid accepts to share its storage and generation resources either for economic reasons or for security in case of emergency situations. The proposed EMS replaces the conventional tertiary control that adjusts the power set points of the microgrids' cluster with a cooperative-based power exchange regulator. The model is based on a general-consensus problem and by making use of modern stochastic optimization techniques, such as stochastic-adaptive mixed integer programming. On the physical layer, where the actual commands are sent from the EMS layer to each power flow converter, an exchange of data occurs only with its neighboring converters (adjacent nodes). This is modeled as a sparse communication graph spanned across the microgrids' cluster.
A Modular Synthesis of Conformationally Preorganised Extended β‐Strand Peptidomimetics (2015)

A promising strategy for mediating protein-protein interactions is the use of non-peptidic mimics of secondary structural protein elements, such as the α-helix. Recent work has expanded the scope of this approach by providing proof-of-principle scaffolds that are conformationally biased to mimic the projection of side-chains from one face of another common secondary structural element-the β-strand. Herein, we present a synthetic route that has key advantages over previous work: monomers bearing an amino acid side-chain were pre-formed before rapid assembly to peptidomimetics through a modular, iterative strategy. The resultant oligomers of alternating pyridyl and six-membered cyclic ureas accurately reproduce a recognition domain of several amino acid residues of a β-strand, demonstrated herein by mimicry of the i, i+2, i+4 and i+6 residues.
Down-Modulation of Responses to Type I IFN Upon T Cell Activation (2003)

The immunomodulatory role of type I IFNs (IFN-alpha/beta) in shaping T cell responses has been demonstrated, but the direct effects of IFN on T cells are still poorly characterized. Particularly, because IFN exert an antiproliferative activity, it remains elusive how the clonal expansion of effector T cells can paradoxically occur in the event of an infection when large amounts of IFN are produced. To address this issue, we have studied the effects of type I IFN in an in vitro differentiation model of human primary CD4(+) T cells. We found that IFN-alpha treatment of resting naive T cells delayed their entry into the cell cycle after TCR triggering. Conversely, the ongoing expansion of effector T cells was not inhibited by the presence of IFN. Moreover, activated T cells showed a significantly reduced induction of IFN-sensitive genes, as compared with naive precursors, and this decline occurred independently of subset-specific polarization. The residual type I IFN response measured in activated T cells was found sufficient to inhibit replication of the vesicular stomatitis virus. Our data suggest that the activation of T lymphocytes includes regulatory processes that restrain the transcriptional response to IFN and allow the proliferation of effector cells in the presence of this cytokine.
Activation of NF-κB by Double-Stranded RNA (dsRNA) in the Absence of Protein Kinase R and RNase L Demonstrates the Existence of Two Separate dsRNA-Triggered Antiviral Programs (2001)

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) of viral origin triggers two programs of the innate immunity in virus-infected cells. One is intended to decrease the rate of host cell protein synthesis and thus to prevent viral replication. This program is mediated by protein kinase R (PKR) and by RNase L and contributes, eventually, to the self-elimination of the infected cell via apoptosis. The second program is responsible for the production of antiviral (type I) interferons and other alarmone cytokines and serves the purpose of preparing naive cells for the viral invasion. This second program requires the survival of the infected cell and depends on the expression of antiapoptotic genes through the activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factor. The second program therefore relies on ongoing transcription and translation. It has been proposed that PKR plays an essential role in the activation of NF-kappaB by dsRNA. Here we present evidence that the dsRNA-induced NF-kappaB activity and the expression of beta interferon and inflammatory cytokines do not require either PKR or RNase L. Our results indicate, therefore, that the two dsRNA-activated programs are separate and can function independently of each other.
Photonic and magnetic nanoexplorers for biomedical use: from subcellular imaging to cancer diagnostics and therapy (2004)

A paradigm for brain cancer detection, treatment, and monitoring uses synergistic, multifunctional, biomedical nanoparticles for: (1) external delivery to cancer cells of singlet oxygen and reactive oxygen species (ROS), but no drugs, thus avoiding multi-drug resistance, (2) photodynamic generation of singlet oxygen and ROS by a conserved critical mass of photosensitizer, (3) enhancement of magnetic relaxivity providing for MRI contrast, (4) control of plasma residence time, (5) specific cell targeting, (6) minimized toxicity, (7) measurement of tumor kill with diffusion MRI. The 40 nm polyacrylamide nanoparticles contained Photofrin, iron-oxide (or Gd), polyethylene glycol and targeting moieties. <i>In-vivo</i> tumor growth was halted and even reversed.
Visualization of murine lymph vessels using photoacoustic imaging with contrast agents (2018)

Metastasis frequently occurs even in the early stage of breast cancer. This research studied the feasibility of using photoacoustic (PA) imaging for identifying metastasis in the lymph vessels of mice. The photoacoustic efficiency of various contrast agents was investigated, and the influence of scattered light was evaluated by using a lymph vessel phantom. The lymph vessels of mice were then visualized using the selected contrast agents: indocyanine green (ICG) and gold nanorods (AuNR). The attenuation of the PA imaging was -1.90 dB/mm, whereas that of the fluorescence imaging was -4.45 dB/mm. The results indicate the potential of identifying sentinel lymph nodes by using PA imaging with these contrast agents.
New polyethyleneglycol-functionalized texaphyrins: synthesis and in vitro biological studies (2006)

The synthesis of four new analogues of motexafin gadolinium (MGd), a gadolinium(III) texaphyrin complex in clinical trials for its anticancer properties, is described. These new derivatives contain either 1,2-diaminobenzene or 2,3-diaminonaphthalene subunits as the source of the imine nitrogens and bear multiple 2-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]ethoxy (PEG) groups, on either meso aryl or beta-pyrrolic substituents, to increase their water solubility. All four analogues were found to be more active in vitro than the parent system MGd as judged from cell proliferation assays using the PC3 and A549 cell lines.
A New Intraoperative Real-time Monitoring System for Reconstructive Middle Ear Surgery (2016)

The electromagnetical excitation and measurement system is comparable to the gold standard with acoustical stimulation in both, the experimental setup in temporal bones as well as in vivo. The technical feasibility of the electromagnetical excitation method has been proven and it is shown that it can be used as a real-time monitoring system for ossiculoplasty in the operation room.
Synthesis of Fluoropolymers in Liquid and Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Solvent Systems (2006)

Unlike a large portion of the many billions of pounds of organic and halogenated solvents used in industry every year, CO2 is inexpensive, of low toxicity, and environmentally and chemically benign. The prime factors inhibiting the widespread use of this attractive solvent replacement have been the disappointingly low solubility of most materials in CO2 in both liquid and supercritical states, and a less than complete understanding of its physical properties. Discoveries made over the past decade identifying the solubility of siloxanes and many amorphous fluoropolymers in CO2 have facilitated a greater understanding of the solvency properties of this uniquely “tunable” solvent. The subsequent development of amphiphilic surfactants incorporating lyophilic fluorocarbon or siloxane segments with lipophilic or hydrophilic moieties opens the door for the synthesis of a broad range of hydrocarbons. Carbon dioxide technology is of particular significance with respect to the manufacture of many fluoropolymers that require nonaqueous synthesis. Reduction of unwanted side reactions such as β-scission and opportunities for unique separation and purification processes demonstrate that CO2 is not only an adequate replacement for chlorofluorocarbons, but in many cases a superior one.
Potent 1,2,4-Triazino[5,6b]indole-3-thioether Inhibitors of the Kanamycin Resistance Enzyme Eis from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2018)

A common cause of resistance to kanamycin (KAN) in tuberculosis is overexpression of the enhanced intracellular survival (Eis) protein. Eis is an acetyltransferase that multiacetylates KAN and other aminoglycosides, rendering them unable to bind the bacterial ribosome. By high-throughput screening, a series of substituted 1,2,4-triazino[5,6 b]indole-3-thioether molecules were identified as effective Eis inhibitors. Herein, we purchased 17 and synthesized 22 new compounds, evaluated their potency, and characterized their steady-state kinetics. Four inhibitors were found not only to inhibit Eis in vitro, but also to act as adjuvants of KAN and partially restore KAN sensitivity in a Mycobacterium tuberculosis KAN-resistant strain in which Eis is upregulated. A crystal structure of Eis in complex with a potent inhibitor and CoA shows that the inhibitors bind in the aminoglycoside binding site snugly inserted into a hydrophobic cavity. These inhibitors will undergo preclinical development as novel KAN adjuvant therapies to treat KAN-resistant tuberculosis.
Improvement in the One‐Carbon Chain Extension of Esters with Dimethylsulfoxonium Methylide (2013)

Abstract A recent report suggests that the reaction of dimethylsulfoxonium methylide with esters does not produce a chain‐extended sulfur ylide as previously reported, but rather affords the corresponding carboxylate salt. We have investigated this assertion by using a combination of ab initio molecular orbital calculations, spiking studies, and isotopic labeling. The formation of carboxylate is unambiguously demonstrated to arise through hydrolysis involving adventitious water, principally derived from moisture in commercial trimethylsulfoxonium chloride. Careful vacuum drying of this reagent diminishes the competing hydrolytic pathway resulting in higher yields for the chain‐extension reaction than previously reported.
Effects of acyl-coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP)/diazepam-binding inhibitor (DBI) on body mass index (2021)

In mice, the plasma concentrations of the appetite-stimulatory and autophagy-inhibitory factor acyl-coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP, also called diazepam-binding inhibitor, DBI) acutely increase in response to starvation, but also do so upon chronic overnutrition leading to obesity. Here, we show that knockout of Acbp/Dbi in adipose tissue is sufficient to prevent high-fat diet-induced weight gain in mice. We investigated ACBP/DBI plasma concentrations in several patient cohorts to discover a similar dual pattern of regulation. In relatively healthy subjects, ACBP/DBI concentrations independently correlated with body mass index (BMI) and age. The association between ACBP/DBI and BMI was lost in subjects that underwent major weight gain in the subsequent 3-9 years, as well as in advanced cancer patients. Voluntary fasting, undernutrition in the context of advanced cancer, as well as chemotherapy were associated with an increase in circulating ACBP/DBI levels. Altogether, these results support the conclusion that ACBP/DBI may play an important role in body mass homeostasis as well as in its failure.
Sensitization of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Films with Carboxy‐Functionalized Bis(indolyl)maleimide (2005)

Abstract The immobilization on a semiconductor surface of a bis(indolyl)maleimide functionalized with two carboxylic acid groups by alkylation of the indole nitrogen atoms is presented and its synthesis is described. The compound, 3,4‐bis[1‐(carboxymethyl)‐3‐indolyl]‐1 H ‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione is strongly colored and emissive and the imide part can coordinate an oxidizable substrate. Its absorption and emission spectra on TiO 2 are substantially changed as compared to the spectra obtained in neat acetonitrile, indicating surface bonding through the carboxy groups. The quenching of the fluorescence of the sensitizer by the TiO 2 surface is almost complete, reflecting the high degree of association between the TiO 2 and the dye, fast charge injection and good electronic coupling between the sensitizer and the semiconductor. Nanosecond transient absorption spectra of the free sensitizer and of TiO 2 surface bound sensitizer are recorded and compared. While the free chromophore in neat acetonitrile shows a transient absorption spectrum that decays on the nanosecond timescale (like the emission), the transient absorption spectra of the sensitized TiO 2 film show a band at 360 nm, and a decay on the microsecond time scale. This is assigned to a slow recombination reaction of the charge‐separated state. The properties discussed indicate that our system can be considered as a model compound for the development of photocatalysts immobilized on surfaces. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)