gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymer solid-electrolyte (PSE) switch embedded in 90nm CMOS with forming-free and 10nsec programming for low power, nonvolatile programmable logic (NPL) (2010)

A novel polymer solid-electrolyte (PSE) switch, NanoBridge, featuring forming-free programming and an extremely high OFF/ON resistance ratio of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> has been embedded in a 90nm-node CMOS by a fully logic-compatible process. Fast programming of 10nsec is also achieved in a 50nmφ 1k-bit-cell array by introducing the PSE, enabling a short and parallel programming. The OFF-state T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">50</sub> lifetime at 125°C is extrapolated to be more than 10 years. The developed switch is a strong candidate for realizing a low-power and low-cost nonvolatile programmable logic (NPL).
Single molecule studies reveal branched pathways for activator-dependent assembly of RNA polymerase II preinitiation complexes (2021)

Original/source data for <strong>Single molecule studies reveal branched pathways for activator-dependent assembly of RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complexes</strong> Inwha Baek<sup>1</sup>, Larry J. Friedman<sup>2</sup>, Jeff Gelles<sup>2,3</sup>, and Stephen Buratowski<sup>1,3,4</sup> <sup>1 </sup>Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115 <sup>2 </sup>Department of Biochemistry, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 02454 <sup>3</sup> Corresponding authors <sup>4</sup> Lead contact: Stephen Buratowski, 617-432-0696, steveb@hms.harvard.edu See <strong>Source data index.pdf</strong> for description of files.
Magnesium-Catalyzed N2-Regioselective Alkylation of 3-Substituted Pyrazoles (2019)

A highly regioselective Mg-catalyzed alkylation of 3-substituted pyrazoles has been developed to provide N2-alkylated regioisomers. Using α-bromoacetates and acetamides as alkylating agents, this new method was applied to a variety of 3-substituted and 3,4-disubstituted pyrazoles to produce the N2-alkylated products with high regioselectivities ranging from 76:24 to 99:1 and 44–90% yields.
Biomedical imaging using optical technologies (2004)

Recently developed fiber-optic technologies have provided new capabilities for high-resolution, minimally invasive diagnosis in clinical medicine. A variety of diagnostic techniques that leverage from components developed for the telecommunications industry enable sensitive optical detection of tissue characteristics such as scattering, absorption, perfusion, birefringence and flow. This presentation will review these technologies with emphasis on <i>in vivo</i> imaging and clinical applications.
Subcarrier Index Modulation for Future Wireless Networks: Principles, Applications, and Challenges (2020)

The unprecedented surge of mobile data traffic requires future wireless networks to support both high spectral efficiency and energy efficiency. To this end, index modulation (IM) emerges as a revolutionary modulation concept. As a realization of IM in frequency domain, subcarrier IM (SIM) has been receiving significant interest. In this article, we introduce the generic framework of SIM and its specific representatives. The potential applications of SIM are then investigated in a variety of scenarios, including cognitive radio, relay networks, downlink multiuser communications, and physical layer security. We finally discuss the challenges and possible research directions in SIM and its applications.
A miniature infrared sight for both weapon-mounted and handheld security applications (2004)

Thermal weapon sights have been used by the U.S. military for decades. More recently, there has been a growing interest in infrared imagers for paramilitary and civilian applications such as law-enforcement and homeland defense. However, traditional weapon sights are not always ideal products for these applications because they do not typically have form-factor or features allowing them to be readily employed as general-purpose imagers off the weapon. Simply stated, most law-enforcement agencies cannot afford a dedicated sniper scope. Instead, this market demands a thermal imager that can be employed in a variety of situations, both weapon-mounted and handheld. Described herein is a new infrared sight that provides this multi-use capability. Based around the Omega imaging core developed by Indigo Systems, this lightweight system employs a unique housing design that mounts to a weapon rail or tripod or is held comfortably in one hand for use as a short-range “pocket scope”. Key aspects of the design are discussed, with particular focus on ergonomics, human factors, and advanced features that enhance its utility in a multi-use role.
Characterization of DNA Primase Complex Isolated from the Archaeon, Thermococcus kodakaraensis (2012)

In most organisms, DNA replication is initiated by DNA primases, which synthesize primers that are elongated by DNA polymerases. In this study, we describe the isolation and biochemical characterization of the DNA primase complex and its subunits from the archaeon Thermococcus kodakaraensis. The T. kodakaraensis DNA primase complex is a heterodimer containing stoichiometric levels of the p41 and p46 subunits. The catalytic activity of the complex resides within the p41 subunit. We show that the complex supports both DNA and RNA synthesis, whereas the p41 subunit alone marginally produces RNA and synthesizes DNA chains that are longer than those formed by the complex. We report that the T. kodakaraensis primase complex preferentially interacts with dNTP rather than ribonucleoside triphosphates and initiates RNA as well as DNA chains de novo. The latter findings indicate that the archaeal primase complex, in contrast to the eukaryote homolog, can initiate DNA chain synthesis in the absence of ribonucleoside triphosphates. DNA primers formed by the archaeal complex can be elongated extensively by the T. kodakaraensis DNA polymerase (Pol) B, whereas DNA primers formed by the p41 catalytic subunit alone were not. Supplementation of reactions containing the p41 subunit with the p46 subunit leads to PolB-catalyzed DNA synthesis. We also established a rolling circle reaction using a primed 200-nucleotide circle as the substrate. In the presence of the T. kodakaraensis minichromosome maintenance (MCM) 3' → 5' DNA helicase, PolB, replication factor C, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, long leading strands (>10 kb) are produced. Supplementation of such reactions with the DNA primase complex supported lagging strand formation as well.
[P3–316]: PRE‐CLINICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE NOVEL TAU PET LIGAND [18F]‐JNJ'067 (2017)

PET imaging of tau pathology promises to be a biomarker for early diagnosis, staging and monitoring disease progression in AD, as well as monitoring target engagement in tau directed therapies. We have developed JNJ'067, a potent and selective tau PET ligand with an excellent PK profile and no obvious off-target binding. In a competitive binding assay JNJ'067 bound to neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) from AD brain samples with a Kd of 2.4 nM with high selectivity versus aggregated β-amyloid (Kd of 3212 nM). High selectivity and very low non-specific binding was also confirmed by autoradiography combined with immunohistochemistry on human AD brain sections. In vitro profiling (CEREP, DiscoverX, monoamine oxidases A and B) showed no significant off-target activity, which was confirmed by μPET studies in rats and a rhesus monkey, where no retention was observed in any brain region. μPET studies in rats and a rhesus monkey revealed desirable properties for a PET ligand, such as rapid and abundant uptake of JNJ'067 in the brain, combined with fast clearance, in accordance with its high intrinsic clearance in rat and monkey microsomes and hepatocytes. The similarly high intrinsic clearance in human microsomes and hepatocytes suggests a fast clearance in man. Metabolite ID studies in rat, monkey and human liver microsomes predicted significant defluorination in rat, but not in monkey and human. Indeed bone uptake was observed in the rat μPET study, indicative of some defluorination, yet no bone uptake was observed in the rhesus monkey μPET study. JNJ'067 is a promising candidate tau PET tracer with potential for diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression and drug target engagement in AD.
Optical Coherence Tomography for Polymer Film Evaluation (2020)

Development of functional polymer films and film stacks has been under increasing demand to create new generations of novel, compact, light-weight optics. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is capable of evaluating all the important optical properties of a film or film stack, including topology of surfaces or layer-to-layer interfaces, the refractive index and thickness, and polarization property. By engineering the scanning architecture of an OCT system, high-precision metrology of films of either flat or spherical geometry is achieved. In this chapter, the system design, metrology methodologies, and examples of OCT for film metrology are discussed to provide both the knowledge foundation and the engineering perspectives. The advanced film metrology capabilities offered by OCT play a key role in the manufacturing process maturity of newly developed films. Rapid advancement in the field of OCT is foreseen to drive the application toward in-line film metrology and facilitate the rapid growth of innovative films in the industry.
Magnetic nanoparticles with high specific absorption rate of electromagnetic energy at low field strength for hyperthermia therapy (2015)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), referred to as the Dartmouth MNPs, which exhibit high specific absorption rate at low applied field strength have been developed for hyperthermia therapy applications. The MNPs consist of small (2-5 nm) single crystals of gamma-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> with saccharide chains implanted in their crystalline structure, forming 20-40 nm flower-like aggregates with a hydrodynamic diameter of 110-120 nm. The MNPs form stable (>12 months) colloidal solutions in water and exhibit no hysteresis under an applied quasistatic magnetic field, and produce a significant amount of heat at field strengths as low as 100 Oe at 99-164 kHz. The MNP heating mechanisms under an alternating magnetic field (AMF) are discussed and analyzed quantitatively based on (a) the calculated multi-scale MNP interactions obtained using a three dimensional numerical model called the method of auxiliary sources, (b) measured MNP frequency spectra, and (c) quantified MNP friction losses based on magneto-viscous theory. The frequency responses and hysteresis curves of the Dartmouth MNPs are measured and compared to the modeled data. The specific absorption rate of the particles is measured at various AMF strengths and frequencies, and compared to commercially available MNPs. The comparisons demonstrate the superior heating properties of the Dartmouth MNPs at low field strengths (<250 Oe). This may extend MNP hyperthermia therapy to deeper tumors that were previously non-viable targets, potentially enabling the treatment of some of the most difficult cancers, such as pancreatic and rectal cancers, without damaging normal tissue.
Celecoxib and Curcumin Synergistically Inhibit the Growth of Colorectal Cancer Cells (2005)

Curcumin potentiates the growth inhibitory effect of celecoxib by shifting the dose-response curve to the left. The synergistic growth inhibitory effect was mediated through a mechanism that probably involves inhibition of the COX-2 pathway and may involve other non-COX-2 pathways. This synergistic effect is clinically important because it can be achieved in the serum of patients receiving standard anti-inflammatory or antineoplastic dosages of celecoxib.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLIC MELANOTROPINS. 5. IMPORTANCE OF THE C‐TERMINAL TRIPEPTIDE (LYS‐PRO‐VAL) (1985)

Abstract Verbindungen wie (I) und (II) werden pharmakologisch untersucht; besonders wirksam ist (II).
A Type-II Kinase Inhibitor Capable of Inhibiting the T315I “Gatekeeper” Mutant of Bcr-Abl (2010)

The second generation of Bcr-Abl inhibitors nilotinib, dasatinib, and bosutinib developed to override imatinib resistance are not active against the T315I "gatekeeper" mutation. Here we describe a type-II T315I inhibitor 2 (GNF-7), based upon a 3,4-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidin-2(1H)-one scaffold which is capable of potently inhibiting wild-type and T315I Bcr-Abl as well as other clinically relevant Bcr-Abl mutants such as G250E, Q252H, Y253H, E255K, E255V, F317L, and M351T in biochemical and cellular assays. In addition, compound 2 displayed significant in vivo efficacy against T315I-Bcr-Abl without appreciable toxicity in a bioluminescent xenograft mouse model using a transformed T315I-Bcr-Abl-Ba/F3 cell line that has a stable luciferase expression. Compound 2 is among the first type-II inhibitors capable of inhibiting T315I to be described and will serve as a valuable lead to design the third generation Bcr-Abl kinase inhibitors.
Back Cover: Spectral Imaging to Measure Heterogeneity in Membrane Lipid Packing (ChemPhysChem 7/2015) (2015)

When spectral imaging is combined with advanced image analysis it provides an excellent tool to tackle the long-standing questions concerning membrane lateral heterogeneity, as described by E. Sezgin, C. Eggeling et al., on p. 1387.
Discontinuous Space-Vector Modulation for Three-Level PWM Rectifiers (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This paper presents the implementation and experimental verification of two discontinuous pulsewidth modulation (DPWM) methods for three-phase, three-level rectifiers. DPWM's features, such as improved waveform quality, lower switching losses, reduced ac-side passive component size, are investigated and compared to the conventional continuous pulsewidth modulation (CPWM). These features allow higher power density and/or efficiency to be achieved and are important targets for the next generation of power rectifiers. The implementation of the two DPWM strategies is explained by means of space-vectors representation and modulation functions. A detailed analysis of both ac-side and dc-side current waveforms is presented, and there is excellent agreement between the analytical, simulated and experimental results for the mains current ripple amplitude and output center-point current over the practical modulation range. Finally, the control of the center-point voltage is discussed. </para>
Evaluation of Different V3 Peptides in an Enzyme Immunoassay for Specific HIV Type 1 Group O Antibody Detection (1998)

Strategies to discriminate group O from group M infections need to be improved. We have developed and evaluated an HIV-1 group O V3 peptide-based enzyme immunoassay (PEIA) for specific HIV-1 group O antibody detection among HIV-1-infected patients. Synthetic peptides, derived from the amino acid sequences of the V3 loop of 15 different group O strains and 7 group O consensus sequences, were evaluated in a PEIA against a panel of genetically confirmed group O (n = 33), group M (n = 90), and HIV-1 antibody-negative sera (n = 17). The best-performing PEIA(s) were then used to screen 134 sera of European and 336 sera of Cameroonian origin for the presence of anti-HIV-1 group O antibodies. The reactivity of reference ("gold standard") sera to individual peptides in the PEIA resulted in the selection of five different peptides with sensitivities (sens), specificities (spec), and test efficiencies (TEs) in the range of 90 to 100%. Improvement of the PEIA was obtained with simultaneous reactivity of at least two different peptides in separate wells of an ELISA plate, together with stringent criteria for positivity. We were able to select seven peptide combinations each with a sens, spec, and TE of 96.9, 100, and 99.2%, respectively. None of the 134 European and 4 (1.2%) of the 336 Cameroonian samples sera were group O positive in the optimized HIV-1 group O PEIA; this was confirmed by the repeated presence of reactives, in agreement with the present knowledge of group O infection distribution. Finally, we were able to develop a strategy with a higher TE (99.2%) than the previously used ANT-70 (98.5%) and ANT-70/MVP5180 (95.7%). Our results show that optimal specificity rather than optimal sensitivity makes the V3 PEIA a sufficiently accurate epidemiological tool to be useful in estimating specifically group O infection among HIV-1-infected patients.
Oxygen Microscopy with Two-photon-enhanced Phosphorescent Nanoprobes (2009)

A new method for non-invasive high-resolution imaging of oxygen distributions using phosphorescent nanoprobes with enhanced two-photon absorption cross-sections is being developed. Validation of the phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscope and characterization of new probes was performed.
Extended (16-Hour) Tourniquet Application After Combat Wounds: A Case Report and Review of the Current Literature (2007)

We present a case of emergency tourniquet use of unusually long duration. The patient was wounded during combat operations, and the subsequent battle and evacuation caused a significant delay in surgical treatment of his wounds. Emergency tourniquets can be lifesaving, but are not benign interventions. In general, the extent of tourniquet injury increases with increasing time of application. Despite having a tourniquet in place for 16 hours, the limb was salvaged and significant functional recovery was accomplished. We conducted a search of the published literature including the Medline database, and present a review of the relevant articles concerning emergency tourniquet use, tourniquet injury, and mitigating treatments. Given the widespread use of tourniquets in ongoing military operations, it seems likely that tourniquets will transition to civilian use. Thus it is important for physicians to understand tourniquet injury and appreciate that even extended tourniquet application times does not necessarily doom the affected limb.
Deep level transient spectroscopy in resistive layers (1989)

This work investigates the application of the Deep Level Transient Spectroscopy (DLTS) technique to resistive semiconductor thin films, such as Silicon-On-Insulator (SOI) and thin layer of GaAs formed on semi-insulating material. Schottky diodes made on these materials were used in this study. The effect of the series resistance inherent in these types of thin-film test structures on the interpretation of data obtained from the measurement apparatus is discussed. It is observed that inverted DLTS signals occur in these structures because of the high series resistance. It is shown that ignoring this effect can lead to erroneous values of the activation energy and the density of traps. 2 refs.
Performance of DFT functionals for calculating the second-order nonlinear optical properties of dipolar merocyanines (2020)

The second-order nonlinear optical responses of a series of recently designed dipolar merocyanines are investigated using the 2006 Minnesota family of hybrid exchange-correlation functionals (XCFs), as well as the LC-BLYP, ωB97XD and CAM-B3LYP long-range (LR) corrected XCFs. The performance of these different levels of approximation is discussed in regard to reference second-order Møller-Plesset calculations and experimental data obtained from Hyper-Rayleigh Scattering (HRS) measurements. Particular focus is given to the influence of the amount of exact Hartree-Fock exchange included in the XCF on the magnitude of the static HRS responses, as well as to the impact of tuning the range-separation parameter in LR-XCFs, according to a system-specific nonempirical procedure. Frequency dispersion effects are also investigated, as well as their crucial role in the comparison between theoretical and experimental data.
Multivalent Nanoparticle-Based Vaccines Protect Hamsters Against SARS-CoV-2 After a Single Immunization (2020)

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic continues to wreak havoc as worldwide SARS-CoV-2 infection, hospitalization, and death rates climb unabated. Effective vaccines remain the most promising approach to counter SARS-CoV-2. Yet, while promising results are emerging from COVID-19 vaccine trials, the need for multiple doses and the challenges associated with the widespread distribution and administration of vaccines remain concerns. Here, we engineered the coat protein of the MS2 bacteriophage 1,2 and generated nanoparticles displaying multiple copies of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. The use of these nanoparticles as vaccines generated high neutralizing antibody titers and protected Syrian hamsters 3 from a challenge with SARS-CoV-2 after a single immunization with no infectious virus detected in the lungs. This nanoparticle-based vaccine platform thus provides protection after a single immunization and may be broadly applicable for protecting against SARS-CoV-2 and future pathogens with pandemic potential.
An Innovative Design of Retaining Wall in Lung Shan Tunnel Construction (2022)

The Heung Yuen Wai Highway opened on 26 May 2019. The 4.8km Lung Shan Tunnel, as one of the main sections of the Heung Yuen Wai Highway, is the longest land-based road tunnel in Hong Kong. It was a success after 5 years of efforts by the project team. Most of tunnel excavation commenced at its Northern Portal near Princess Hill where a mega-sized tunnel boring machine was launched. The original design of the Northern Portal required 3m diameter bored pile walls for supporting a slope cutting to reach the invert level of the tunnel. Early completion of the portion formation works would be essential to accelerating the overall construction programme for the project. An innovative design involving composite retaining walls and gravity wall with sloping wall backs was proposed to replace the bored pile walls to enhance the programme and improve works quality. The composite wall involved installation of a soldier pile wall temporarily supported by tie-backs. Upon reaching the final excavation level, the soldier pile wall was integrated with a reversed L-shaped R.C. wall to form a permanent composite wall with a maximum retaining height of 29.33m under the temporary stage and 20.975m under the permanent stage for supporting the cut slope behind the wall.
Mechanical Coupling Effects on Turbomachine Mistuned Response (2000)

Mistuning in turbine engine bladed disks often leads to mode localization, which can result in high vibratory stresses in a single group of blades. These stresses can lower the fatigue life of the blades. Therefore, understanding mistuning is essential for design of durable rotatingmachinery. This investigation provides one of the  rst experimental demonstrations of phenomena associated with mistuning, including frequency splitting and orthogonality. Results illustrate the role of internal coupling on mistuned response. Coupling appears to be dependent on fundamental mode shape. Strong coupling prevents localization in bending modes. However, in spite of weak internal coupling, localization does not occur in an observed torsion mode. The primary consequence of mistuning is a breakdown of orthogonalitybetween the nodal patterns of the mode shapes and harmonic excitations, resulting in numerous resonant responses to a single harmonic forcing function. The breakdown of nodal patterns also leads to increased dif culty with mode description.