gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Properties of a Dehyrodicaffeic Acid Dilactone-forming Enzyme from a Mushroom,Inonotussp. K-1410 (1977)

A dehydrodicaffeic acid dilactone-forming enzyme was purified from the mycelia of a mushroom, Inonotus sp. K-1410 by calcium acetate treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation and column chromatography on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and caffeic acid-bound AH-Sepharose 4B. The enzyme was purified about 1200-fold from a crude extract and shown to be almost completely homogeneous by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of this enzyme was estimated by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100 to be approximately 39,000. The optimal pH for the enzymic conversion of caffeic acid to dehydrodicaffeic acid dilactone is around 6.0. The enzyme is stable up to 60°C and preincubation of the enzyme at 40°C for 10 min gives 1.5-fold activation compared with preincubation at 0°C. The optimal temperature for the enzyme reaction is 40°C.
Thin film initiation of cracks for fracture toughness measurements in epoxy resins (2016)

ABSTRACT The first step in accurately measuring the fracture toughness of a polymeric material is to generate a sharp crack in the sample. Often this is accomplished by tapping a razor blade into the sample, allowing a natural crack to grow; however, it can be difficult to control the crack propagation. Alternate methods for initial crack generation are investigated, including scoring the sample with a razor blade and inserting thin films or foils into the samples during cure. Fluoropolymer films and aluminum and stainless steel foils of various thicknesses are examined in a number of epoxy‐amine resins with a range of toughness and glass transition values. None of the alternative methods replicate the results of starting with a natural crack. Furthermore, it is difficult to form satisfactory test samples using fluoropolymer films. For relative toughness comparisons, either the scoring method or thin, ≤25.4 μm, foils can be used to initiate cracks with similar results. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 44364.
Angiogenic factor and cytokine analysis among patients with renal cell carcinoma treated with adjuvant VEGFR TKIs. (2019)

586 Background: VEGFR TKIs are important therapeutic agents in RCC, but their adjuvant use remains limited. Investigating the effects of these medications on circulating angiogenic factors and cytokines in the adjuvant setting can elucidate whether changes in cytokine levels result from drug-host or drug-tumor interactions, and may reveal biomarkers to guide patient selection for adjuvant treatment. Methods: In the ECOG-ACRIN 2805 (ASSURE) trial, patients with resected RCC were randomized to sunitinib, sorafenib, or placebo. Plasma was collected at start of treatment and 4 or 6 weeks after treatment initiation. All paired samples available by July 2010 were analyzed, corresponding to 413 patients. We analyzed VEGF, PlGF, sFlt1, KDR/sVEGFR-2, Ang2, bFGF, HGF, IFNg, IL8, CXCL9, CXCL10, and CXCL11. Mixed effects models were used to test for changes from baseline. Cox models were used to assess associations between disease-free survival (DFS) and angiogenic factor and cytokine levels. Results: VEGF and PlGF increased after 4 weeks on either treatment (p &lt; 0.0001 for both), and at 6 weeks VEGF and PIGF levels returned to baseline for patients on sunitinib (corresponding to the 2 week break in the sunitinib schedule) but not sorafenib. Levels of sFLT-1 decreased after 4 weeks on suntinib and after 6 weeks on sorafenib (p &lt; 0.0001). sVEGFR2 decreased after both 4 and 6 weeks of treatment on both sunitinib and sorafenib (p &lt; 0.0001). Patients on placebo had no significant changes in circulating angiogenic factor or cytokine levels. CXCL-10 levels increased after 4 weeks on both sunitinib and sorafenib but not on placebo, and remained elevated at 6 weeks on sunitinib. Higher baseline CXCL-10 was associated with worse DFS (HR 1.41 per log increase in CXCL-10, Holm adjusted p-value 0.003, 95% CI 1.18-1.70). This remained significant after adjustment for T-stage, Fuhrman grade, and ECOG PS. Conclusions: Among patients treated with VEGFR TKIs in the adjuvant setting for RCC, drug-host interactions mediate changes in cytokines and angiogenic factors. Elevated CXCL-10 prior to treatment was associated with higher recurrence risk. Studies to understand the functional consequences of these changes are underway.
EVOLUTIONS OF PLANAR POLYGONS (1995)

Evolutions of closed planar polygons are studied in this work. In the first part of the paper, the general theory of linear polygon evolutions is presented, and two specific problems are analyzed. The first one is a polygonal analog of a novel affine-invariant differential curve evolution, for which the convergence of planar curves to ellipses was proved. In the polygon case, convergence to polygonal approximation of ellipses, polygo nal ellipses, is proven. The second one is related to cyclic pursuit problems, and convergence, either to polygonal ellipses or to polygonal circles, is proven. In the second part, two possible polygonal analogues of the well-known Euclidean curve shortening flow are presented. The models follow from geometric considerations. Experimental results show that an arbitrary initial polygon converges to either regular or irregular polygonal approximations of circles when evolving according to the proposed Euclidean flows.
The C-Terminal Zwitterionic Sequence of CotB1 Is Essential for Biosilicification of the Bacillus cereus Spore Coat (2015)

Biosilicification is the process by which organisms incorporate soluble silicate in the form of insoluble silica. Although the mechanisms underlying eukaryotic biosilicification have been intensively investigated, prokaryotic biosilicification was not studied until recently. We previously demonstrated that biosilicification occurs in Bacillus cereus and its close relatives, and that silica is deposited in and around a spore coat layer as a protective coating against acid. The present study reveals that a B. cereus spore coat protein, CotB1, which carried a C-terminal zwitterionic sequence, is essential for biosilicification. Our results provide the first insight into mechanisms required for biosilicification in prokaryotes.
RAFT Aqueous Dispersion Polymerization of N-(2-(Methacryloyloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidone: A Convenient Low Viscosity Route to High Molecular Weight Water-Soluble Copolymers (2016)

RAFT solution polymerization of <i>N</i>-(2-(methacryoyloxy)ethyl)pyrrolidone (NMEP) in ethanol at 70 °C was conducted to produce a series of PNMEP homopolymers with mean degrees of polymerization (DP) varying from 31 to 467. Turbidimetry was used to assess their inverse temperature solubility behavior in dilute aqueous solution, with an LCST of approximately 55 °C being observed in the high molecular weight limit. Then a poly(glycerol monomethacylate) (PGMA) macro-CTA with a mean DP of 63 was chain-extended with NMEP using a RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation at 70 °C. The target PNMEP DP was systematically varied from 100 up to 6000 to generate a series of PGMA<sub>63</sub>-PNMEP <sub><i>x</i></sub> diblock copolymers. High conversions (≥92%) could be achieved when targeting up to <i>x</i> = 5000. GPC analysis confirmed high blocking efficiencies and a linear evolution in <i>M</i><sub>n</sub> with increasing PNMEP DP. A gradual increase in <i>M</i><sub>w</sub>/<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> was also observed when targeting higher DPs. However, this problem could be minimized (<i>M</i><sub>w</sub>/<i>M</i><sub>n</sub> < 1.50) by utilizing a higher purity grade of NMEP (98% vs 96%). This suggests that the broader molecular weight distributions observed at higher DPs are simply the result of a dimethacrylate impurity causing light branching, rather than an intrinsic side reaction such as chain transfer to polymer. Kinetic studies confirmed that the RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization of NMEP was approximately four times faster than the RAFT solution polymerization of NMEP in ethanol when targeting the same DP in each case. This is perhaps surprising because both <sup>1</sup>H NMR and SAXS studies indicate that the core-forming PNMEP chains remain relatively solvated at 70 °C in the latter formulation. Moreover, dissolution of the initial PGMA<sub>63</sub>-PNMEP <sub><i>x</i></sub> particles occurs on cooling from 70 to 20 °C as the PNMEP block passes through its LCST. Hence this RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization formulation offers an efficient route to a high molecular weight water-soluble polymer in a rather convenient low-viscosity form. Finally, the relatively expensive PGMA macro-CTA was replaced with a poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA) macro-CTA. High conversions were also achieved for PMAA<sub>85</sub>-PNMEP <sub><i>x</i></sub> diblock copolymers prepared via RAFT aqueous dispersion polymerization for <i>x</i> ≤ 4000. Again, better control was achieved when using the 98% purity NMEP monomer in such syntheses.
The effect of ubenimex on N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine-induced stomach tumor in rats. (1986)

The effect of ubenimex on the progression of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG)-induced stomach tumor in rats was studied. Tumor induction was performed by giving MNNG via drinking water for 34 weeks. Ubenimex was ip administered twice a week at 0.5 mg/kg for 84 weeks in one group and 49 weeks in another starting from the first and 36th weeks after initiation of MNNG administration, respectively. The stomachs were endoscopically examined 2 times. At the 64th week after initiation of MNNG administration tumorous lesions were observed with about 70% of the rats in both ubenimex administration groups. In the ubenimex non-administration group nearly 90% of the rats had the lesions. After completion of ubenimex administration almost all the rats had the lesions in the three groups but the sizes were much smaller with the two ubenimex administration groups. Almost all of these lesions were histopathologically identified as tumorous. The tumor volume per rat in the two ubenimex administration groups from the 1 and 36th weeks was 21.0 and 19.2% of the volume in the control group, respectively. Tumor number per rat was similar among the three groups. The natural killer activity of rats was also examined after completion of the above experiment. The activity markedly increased when ubenimex was administered from the 36th week after initiation of MNNG administration. When ubenimex was administered from the first week, the activity did not increase demonstratively. From all the results described above we conclude that ubenimex exerts an inhibitory action against the progression of MNNG-induced stomach tumor in rats. Contribution of the increase of natural killer activity to ubenimex antitumor action may be dependent on schedule of ubenimex administration.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Molecular Imaging of TGFβ-Induced Smad2/3 Phosphorylation Reveals a Role for Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Modulating TGFβ Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 70K&lt;/p&gt;
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of New 1, 4‐Benzothiazines: Sulphoxides and Sulphone derivatives (1998)

On the basis of previous studies concerning aminoarylthioalcenols and their isothiocyanate and thiourea derivatives, we describe a series of sulphoxides and sulphones synthesized by oxidation with H2O2 of 3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 4-benzothiazines sulphur atom. The structures of all new compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data.



Their antiviral activity was evaluated against two RNA viruses (poliovirus and vesicular stomatitis virus) and one DNA virus (herpes simplex virus type 1). Poliovirus was susceptible to most of the compounds but neither sulphoxide nor sulphone derivatives improved activities of the corresponding 3, 4-dihydro-2H-1, 4-benzothiazines.
Molybdenum behaviour during U-Al RRSF dissolution (2017)

In the frame of Research Reactors Spent Fuel (RRSF) treatment by hydrometallurgy, the dissolution in nitric acid of irradiated U-Al, is a key issue because of the low solubility of molybdenum fission product in presence of high concentration of aluminium. In this study, the values of molybdenum solubility have been accurately measured in different operating conditions. Studies have carried out with non-active materials. To be more representative of metallic fuel, uranium-molybdenum alloy powder and molybdenum metal have been dissolved in aluminium nitrate solutions at high temperature. In order to be sure that molybdenum solubility has been reached, experiments have been carried out with an excess of molybdenum metal. In spite of this excess addition, metallic elements have been dissolved completely after stirring time of thirty minutes with a magnetic stirrer. Shortly after this total dissolution, a slow molybdenum precipitation has been observed for almost 15 hours. An experimental protocol has been developed to properly wash precipitates in order to determine their elemental composition. No uranium has been detected in the washed precipitate by ICP-AES measurements performed after redissolution of solids in aluminium free nitric acid solutions. Further analyses by Scanning Electron Microscope have shown a needle-like morphology. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analyses on several selected areas have confirmed the absence of uranium in precipitates. EDX semi-quantification has been carried out on ionically polished particles. They are composed of 75% oxygen and 25% molybdenum, suggesting MoO3 compounds. X-ray diffraction spectra of powders have confirmed this result all samples matched the crystallographic form of MoO3.
Propellant inefficiency due to particulates in a Pulsed Plasma Thruster (1997)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Gregory G. Spanjers, Jason S. Lotspeich, Keith A. McFall, Ronald A. Spores; Propellant inefficiency due to particulates in a Pulsed Plasma Thruster. AIP Conf. Proc. 10 January 1997; 387 (1): 323–328. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.52011 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Oral contraceptive use and cyclin D1 overexpression in breast cancer among young women. (2002)

Cyclin D1, an important cell cycle regulator, is overexpressed in several human cancers including breast. Both estrogens and progestins activate the transcription of the gene; antiestrogens have been shown to reduce cyclin D1 protein levels. Cyclin D1 protein overexpression has been strongly associated with well-differentiated, estrogen receptor-positive tumors. Little is known, however, as to whether epidemiological risk factors are related to this molecularly defined subset of tumors. Using a population-based study of young women <45 years in New Jersey, we analyzed whether oral contraceptives (OCs) and other risk factors were associated with the overexpression of cyclin D1 in breast cancer tissue. We measured cyclin D1 status in paraffin-embedded, archived tissue from 78.8% of the breast cancer cases using immunohistochemistry. Cyclin D1 was overexpressed in 33.7% of the cases (123 of 365). We used unordered polytomous logistic regression to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) for two case groups--(a) breast cancer with cyclin D1 overexpression (n = 123) and (b) breast cancer without overexpression (n = 242)--compared with 462 population-based controls. The multivariate-adjusted OR for ever use of OCs was 1.6 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-2.5] for cases that overexpressed cyclin D1 and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.7-1.5) for those with no overexpression. Among women who started using OCs at least 20 years before the reference date, the OR was increased 2-fold for breast cancer with cyclin D1 overexpression (OR, 2.2; 95% CI, 1.2-4.0) but not for breast cancer without cyclin D1 overexpression (OR, 1.1; 95% CI, 0.7-1.8). If replicated, these findings suggest that early OC use may be associated with the subset of mammary tumors that overexpress cyclin D1.
Polarization Dependent Loss Monitor with Visualization on Poincaré Sphere in Digital Coherent System (2017)

For digital coherent system, Mueller matrix based polarization dependent loss monitor has been firstly proposed by inserting specific state of polarization training sequences. The experimental demonstration confirmed that the monitored error could be less than ±0.3dB with commercialized micro ICR.
Functional proteomics identifies miRNAs to target a p27/Myc/phospho-Rb signature in breast and ovarian cancer (2015)

The myc oncogene is overexpressed in almost half of all breast and ovarian cancers, but attempts at therapeutic interventions against myc have proven to be challenging. Myc regulates multiple biological processes, including the cell cycle, and as such is associated with cell proliferation and tumor progression. We identified a protein signature of high myc, low p27 and high phospho-Rb significantly correlated with poor patient survival in breast and ovarian cancers. Screening of a miRNA library by functional proteomics in multiple cell lines and integration of data from patient tumors revealed a panel of five microRNAs (miRNAs) (miR-124, miR-365, miR-34b*, miR-18a and miR-506) as potential tumor suppressors capable of reversing the p27/myc/phospho-Rb protein signature. Mechanistic studies revealed an RNA-activation function of miR-124 resulting in direct induction of p27 protein levels by binding to and inducing transcription on the p27 promoter region leading to a subsequent G1 arrest. Additionally, in vivo studies utilizing a xenograft model demonstrated that nanoparticle-mediated delivery of miR-124 could reduce tumor growth and sensitize cells to etoposide, suggesting a clinical application of miRNAs as therapeutics to target the functional effect of myc on tumor growth.
High-speed InGaAs/GaAs strained multiple quantum well lasers with low damping (1991)

Strained In0.2Ga0.8As/GaAs multiple quantum well polyimide buried ridge waveguide lasers with 3 dB bandwidths of 20 GHz and K factors as low as 0.17 ns have been fabricated. This is the highest bandwidth and the lowest K factor reported to date for quantum well lasers in any material system or for lasers of the ridge waveguide geometry.
Design and Synthesis of Molecular Donors for Solution-Processed High-Efficiency Organic Solar Cells (2013)

Organic semiconductors incorporated into solar cells using a bulk heterojunction (BHJ) construction show promise as a cleaner answer to increasing energy needs throughout the world. Organic solar cells based on the BHJ architecture have steadily increased in their device performance over the past two decades, with power conversion efficiencies reaching 10%. Much of this success has come with conjugated polymer/fullerene combinations, where optimized polymer design strategies, synthetic protocols, device fabrication procedures, and characterization methods have provided significant advancements in the technology. More recently, chemists have been paying particular attention to well-defined molecular donor systems due to their ease of functionalization, amenability to standard organic purification and characterization methods, and reduced batch-to-batch variability compared to polymer counterparts. There are several critical properties for efficient small molecule donors. First, broad optical absorption needs to extend towards the near-IR region to achieve spectral overlap with the solar spectrum. Second, the low lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy levels need to be between -5.2 and -5.5 eV to ensure acceptable device open circuit voltages. Third, the structures need to be relatively planar to ensure close intermolecular contacts and high charge carrier mobilities. And last, the small molecule donors need to be sufficiently soluble in organic solvents (≥10 mg/mL) to facilitate solution deposition of thin films of appropriate uniformity and thickness. Ideally, these molecules should be constructed from cost-effective, sustainable building blocks using established, high yielding reactions in as few steps as possible. The structures should also be easy to functionalize to maximize tunability for desired properties. In this Account, we present a chronological description of our thought process and design strategies used in the development of highly efficient molecular donors that achieve power conversion efficiencies greater than 7%. The molecules are based on a modular D(1)-A-D(2)-A-D(1) architecture, where A is an asymmetric electron deficient heterocycle, which allowed us to quickly access a library of compounds and develop structure-property-performance relationships. Modifications to the D1 and D2 units enable spectral coverage throughout the entire visible region and control of HOMO energy levels, while adjustments to the pendant alkyl substituents dictate molecular solubility, thermal transition temperatures, and solid-state organizational tendencies. Additionally, we discuss regiochemical considerations that highlight how individual atom placements can significantly influence molecular and subsequently device characteristics. Our results demonstrate the utility of this architecture for generating promising materials to be integrated into organic photovoltaic devices, call attention to areas for improvement, and provide guiding principles to sustain the steady increases necessary to move this technology forward.
5012 An Experimental Study of the Effect of the Flow Field on Combustion Characteristics of Jet Diffusion Flames in Cylindrical Furnaces (2006)

Flame characteristics configured flames can be strongly dominated by the combination of the burner and furnace. In this study, the effect of the flow field has been examined in terms of the emission of NO_x by LDV measurements furnace. The experiment was conducted in a variety of condition of the inner diameter of the cylindrical furnace,the global equivalence ratio and the turbulence at the flame boundary in the configuration of jet diffusion flames in cylindrical furnaces. As a result, it was found that increasing these parameter enhances recirculation of burned gas, and decreases the emission of NO_x.
Pathwise optimality and state space collapse for the exponential rule (2003)

We study the problem of scheduling transmissions of multiple data users sharing the same wireless channel. The unique feature of this problem is the fact that the capacity (service rate) of the channel varies with time randomly and asynchronously for different users. Such a problem arises, for example, in the 3G CDMA high data rate (HDR) system, where multiple mobile users in a cell share the same downlink wireless channel by means of time-sharing. Time is divided into fixed size slots, and in each time slot, one user is scheduled for transmission. Each user constantly reports to the base station its "instantaneous" channel capacity, i.e. the rate at which data can be transmitted if this user is scheduled for transmission. In an HDR system (and in the generic variable channel model as well), a "good" scheduling algorithm should take advantage of channel variations by giving some form of priority to users with instantaneously better channels.