gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Linaclotide induces secretion of cGMP from mouse colonic epithelium (2013)

Linaclotide is a novel receptor guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C) agonist approved for treatment of abdominal pain and constipation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). Linaclotide effects on bowel movements are mediated by the intracellular cGMP that is produced upon activation of GC-C. It is hypothesized that the effects of linaclotide on abdominal pain are mediated by extracellular cGMP, which was shown to decrease the activity of pain-sensing nerves [1]. Here we used an ex vivo Ussing chamber assay to measure the secretion of cGMP from the mouse colonic mucosa in response to linaclotide treatment. Ion transport and epithelial barrier function were monitored by measuring short-circuit current (Isc) and trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER). Stimulation with linaclotide (1 µM) elicited a robust short-circuit current across mouse colonic epithelium. Isc reached a maximum within ten minutes following stimulation with linaclotide and remained steady during the duration of the study (60 min). Treatment of colonic mucosa with linaclotide induced release of cGMP from the apical, as well as, the basolateral side of the epithelium. The time course of cGMP accumulation in the basolateral bath of the Ussing chamber was linear with an estimated cGMP secretion rate equal to 23 fmol/min×cm2. The trans-epithelial electrical resistance of the colonic mucosa remained high over the course of the study indicating that the barrier to diffusion of cGMP between apical and basolateral sides remained intact throughout the study.. In summary, these data demonstrate that linaclotide-stimulated mouse colonic epithelium secretes cGMP from both the apical and basolateral sides and that cGMP is available in the submucosal interstitial space to inhibit colonic nociceptors.
Mutual Decoupling for Massive MIMO Antenna Arrays by Using Triple-Layer Meta-Surface (2022)

The high isolation massive antenna arrays are the key devices in the base station of the future wireless communication systems. The challenge for the array application is how to reduce the coupling among the array elements. This paper introduces a new decoupling method for massive MIMO arrays with an innerelement distance of around half wavelength by using a triple-layer metasurface (TMS). The TMS comprises three identical surfaces. The waves reflected from the bottom metasurface (MS) and top two-layer MS have the same amplitudes and the opposite phases, which are canceled with each other. An example of 4×4 dualpolarized wideband microstrip array with a TMS is proposed to verify the decoupling method. The simulation and measurement show that the TMS can help reduce the coupling among the array elements to less than -24 dB in both the co-polarization and cross-polarization directions within 4.23-4.82 GHz. In the meanwhile, the radiation characteristics of the arrays with and without TMS are almost unchanged.
Front Cover: CuAAC in a Distal Pocket: Metal Active‐Template Synthesis of Strapped‐Porphyrin [2]Rotaxanes (Chem. Eur. J. 55/2017) (2017)

Copper and zinc work in tandem in a metal-mediated click reaction that is promoted by the presence of more than one metal in a ditopic macrocycle. The successful formation of a triazole by alkyne–azide cyclization in the pocket of a macrobicyclic phenanthroline-strapped porphyrin generates a rotaxane in which the metal bound in the porphyrin controls the position of the axle. The cover picture illustrates the joint effort of the Japanese and French groups in this scientific investigation and cultural exchange. More information can be found in the Communication by T. Hayashi, J. Weiss et al. on page 13579. Copper and zinc work in tandem in a metal-mediated click reaction that is promoted by the presence of more than one metal in a ditopic macrocycle. The successful formation of a triazole by alkyne–azide cyclization in the pocket of a macrobicyclic phenanthroline-strapped porphyrin generates a rotaxane in which the metal bound in the porphyrin controls the position of the axle. The cover picture illustrates the joint effort of the Japanese and French groups in this scientific investigation and cultural exchange. More information can be found in the Communication by T. Hayashi, J. Weiss et al. on page 13579.
Consensus for the Indication of Lateral Column Lengthening in the Treatment of Progressive Collapsing Foot Deformity (2020)

The typical range for performing a lateral column lengthening is between 5 and 10 mm to achieve an adequate amount of talonavicular coverage.Delegate vote: agree, 100% (9/9); disagree, 0%; abstain, 0%.(Unanimous, strongest consensus).
A Beyond-5G Authentication and Key Agreement Protocol (2022)

The standardized Authentication and Key Agreement protocol for 5G networks (5G AKA) have several security and privacy vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel authentication and key agreement protocol for 5G and beyond that is compatible with the standardized 5G AKA. Our protocol has several privacy and security properties, e.g., perfect forward secrecy, resistance against linkability attacks, and protection against malicious SNs. Moreover, both the user identity protection and the perfect forward secrecy are handled using Key Encapsulation Mechanisms (KEM), which makes our protocol adaptable to the quantum-safe setting. To analyze the performance of the proposed protocol, we use the post-quantum KEM CRYSTALS-Kyber, recently chosen to be standardized by NIST, and NIST post-quantum Round 4 candidate KEMs. The results for communication and computation costs show that utilizing our protocol is feasible in practice and sometimes outperforms the public-key cryptography used in 5G AKA, i.e., ECIES. We further prove the security of our protocol by utilizing ProVerif.
T helper type 1 lymphocytes drive inflammation in human atherosclerotic lesions (2003)

Atherosclerotic lesions are infiltrated by macrophages and T lymphocytes, potentially reactive to pathogens. We studied in vivo activated T lymphocytes that infiltrate atherosclerotic plaques of Helicobacter pylori-infected patients with or without anti-Chlamydia pneumoniae antibodies. In all atherosclerotic lesions, T helper type 1 (Th1) cells were predominant. C. pneumoniae-specific T cells were detected only in the plaques of anti-C. pneumoniae seropositive patients, whereas H. pylori-specific T cells were found in the gastric mucosa but not in the plaques of the same patients. Plaque-derived Th1 cells expressed cytotoxicity, proapoptotic activity, and help for monocyte tissue factor production. Although multifactorial, atherosclerosis can be regarded as a Th1-driven immunopathological condition.
Classification and Comparative Evaluation of PV Panel-Integrated DC–DC Converter Concepts (2013)

The strings of photovoltaic panels have a significantly reduced power output when mismatch between the panels occurs, as, e.g., caused by partial shading. With mismatch, either the panel-integrated diodes are bypassing the shaded panels if the string is operated at the current level of the unshaded panels, or some power of the unshaded panels is lost if the string current is reduced to the level of the shaded panels. With the implementation of dc-dc converters on panel level, the maximum available power can be extracted from each panel regardless of any mismatch. In this paper, different concepts of PV panel-integrated dc-dc converters are presented and their suitability for panel integration is evaluated. The buck-boost converter is identified as the most promising concept and an efficiency/power density ( η- ρ) Pareto optimization of this topology is shown. Based on the optimization results, two 275 W converter prototypes with either Silicon MOSFETs with a switching frequency of 100 kHz or gallium nitride FETs with a switching frequency of 400 kHz are designed for an input voltage range of 15 to 45 V and an output voltage range of 10 to 100 V. The theoretical considerations are verified by efficiency measurements which are compared to the characteristics of a commercial panel-integrated converter.
Innentitelbild: Chemische Evolution eines bakteriellen Proteoms (Angew. Chem. 34/2015) (2015)

Einen ersten Schritt zur Schaffung von künstlichen Zellen beschreiben N. Budisa et al. in der Zuschrift auf S. 10168 ff. Die chemische Zusammensetzung und der genetische Code eines auxotrophen E. coli wurden im Rahmen eines Langzeitevolutionsexperiments geändert. Während des Experiments wurden die Zellen gezwungen, in ihren Proteomen den natürlichen Baustein Tryptophan durch Thienopyrrolylalanin zu ersetzen. Dies ist der erste Schritt auf dem Weg zur Erzeugung künstlichen Lebens, das genetisch und metabolisch so weit vom natürlichen entfernt ist, dass es außerhalb des Labors nicht überleben kann.
Time evolution studies of the electrostatic surface potential of low-temperature-grown GaAs using electrostatic force microscopy (2005)

An electrostatic force microscope was used to measure the electrostatic surface potential of low-temperature-grown GaAs (LTG:GaAs) before and after the removal of the native oxide layer. The surface potential of oxidized LTG:GaAs was found to be 450±50mV with respect to a bare Au reference. This was consistent with the known work function of Au and energy bands of LTG:GaAs. After removal of the oxide layer using a chemical etch, the surface potential of the LTG:GaAs was found to evolve as time passed. The observed transient behavior depended both on the environment and the particular chemical etchant used to remove the native surface oxide, with time constants ranging from approximately 1to10h. The behavior can be explained in terms of the decay of a charge sheet or dipole at the surface. The experiments provide insights into the surface electrical properties of LTG:GaAs and, indirectly, stoichiometric at critical stages of typical device fabrication processes.
Agent information contracts within virtual private networks (2002)

Virtual enterprises are being built on an Internet backbone, for which security provisioning is an obvious first concern. However, additional services need provisioning as well. For instance, contracted arrangements for quality inspection, notification of delay, and other such coordinations can be provided by semi-autonomous agent-based services. We introduce information contracts, which specify the commitments of ContractAgents to each other. Based on human-readable contract templates with fill-in-the-black terms, ContractAgents manage the negotiation stage between user specialists and then operationalize and ensure these commitments during enactment. Building on the idea of an agent-based sphere of commitments (SoComs) to overcome weaknesses in extended transaction processing and traditional workflow management, we show how ContractAgents also need to be positioned within the security architecture of virtual private networks. The standardization of contracts, SoCom servers, and operationalized commitments can then provide a basis for compliance checks by trusted third parties and oversight authorities.
Optimization of Non-Uniform Arrays for Farfield Broadside Beamforming (2006)

ConclusionWe have presented a method based on simulated annealing to optimize non-uniform arrays for broadside beamforming.By minimizing the peak sidelobe level over the element sizes and apodization values, we showed that the non-uniform array can have good beam control with minimal complexity which makes it a useful compromise between the dense uniform array and the continuous aperture for broadside beamforming. Compared with mechanical apodization of a continuous aperture, this “segmented” apodization allows easier fabrication and more flexible apodization control to result in a potentially better beam pattern. In addition, design constraints such as minimal element size are easily incorporated into the optimization. Although we have demonstrated this method for farfield narrowband beamforming, it may be extended to nearfield broadband imaging [3].
Surface‐Engineered Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Capsules: Synthetic Vaccines Mimicking Microbial Structure and Function (2012)

Immunizing: to evoke highly potent immune responses against recombinant antigens, hollow capsules consisting of layers of dextran sulphate and poly-L-arginine that encapsulate the antigen ovalbumin (orange circles) were coated with immune-activating CpG-containing oligonucleotides (green). These capsules were readily internalized by dendritic cells and showed activity in further immunization experiments.
History of MV imaging (2017)

The purpose of radiotherapy is to eradicate a tumor with high-energy X-rays while sparing the surrounding organ-at-risks (OAR) as much as possible. Typically, there will always be some discrepancy between the planning situation and treatment. Coinciding with the initiation of the electronic portal imaging devices (EPID) development, a number of workshops were held that eventually evolved into the recurring Electronic Portal Imaging (EPI) conferences. This meeting series is still continuing to date-every other year, mostly in Europe, United States, or Australia. Over the years, the meetings changed focus from detector development to image analysis, clinical application, setup error correction protocols, treatment margins, etc. The most obvious design for an EPID is to combine a fluorescent screen with a video camera similar to the devices used for low-energy X-rays. The field of EPI initially focused on detector development, but eventually covered all aspects of image-guided radiotherapy such as image processing, decision protocols, and treatment margins.
Diffusion coefficient of alginate microcapsules used in pancreatic islet transplantation, a method to cure type 1 diabetes (2018)

Pancreatic islet transplantation is a promising approach of providing insulin in type 1 diabetes. One strategy to protect islets from the host immune system is encapsulation within a porous biocompatible alginate membrane. This encapsulation provides mechanical support to the cells and allows selective diffusion of oxygen, nutrients and insulin while blocking immunoglobulins. These hydrogels form by diffusion of calcium ions into the polymer network and therefore they are highly sensitive to environmental changes and fluctuations in temperature. We investigated the effects of gel concentration, crosslinking time and ambient conditions on material permeability, volume, and rigidity, all of which may change the immunoisolating characteristics of alginate. To measure diffusion coefficient as a method to capture structural changes we studied the diffusion of fluorescently tagged dextrans of different molecular weight into the midplane of alginate microcapsules, the diffusion coefficient is then calculated by fitting observed fluorescence dynamics to the mathematical solution of 1-D diffusion into a sphere. These measurements were performed after incubation in different conditions as well as after an in vivo experiment in six immunocompetent mice for seven days. Additionally, the changes in gel volume after incubation at different temperatures and environmental conditions as well as changes in compression modulus of alginate gels during crosslinking were investigated. Our result show that increase of polymer concentration and crosslinking time leads to a decrease in volume and increase in compression modulus. Furthermore, we found that samples crosslinked and placed in physiological environment, experience an increase in volume. As expected, these volume changes affect diffusion rates of fluorescent dextrans, where volume expansion is correlated with higher calculated diffusion coefficient. This observation is critical to islet protection since higher permeability due to the expansion in vivo may lead to increased permeability to immunoglobulins. Capsules from the in vivo study showed similar volume expansion and increased permeability, indicating our in vitro assay is a good predictor of volume change in vivo.
BOOSTEXTER FOR TEXT CATEGORIZATION IN SPOKEN LANGUAGE DIALOGUE (2007)

Data collection plays a critical role in the development of accurate syntactic and semantic models for natural-language dialogue systems. This task, which is known to be both labor intensive and financially expensive, is the bottleneck when rapidly prototypingvoice-enabled services. In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework for minimizing the reliance of data by refining human expertise with the statistics of any available training data. In particular, we extend BoosTexter, a member of the boosting family of algorithms, to combine and balance hand-crafted rules with the statistics of the data in spoken language understanding. Experiments on two voice-enabled applications for customer care and help desk are presented.
Anti-invasive activity of histone deacetylase inhibitors via the induction of Egr-1 and the modulation of tight junction-related proteins in human hepatocarcinoma cells (2009)

The potential anti-metastasis and anti-invasion activities of early growth response gene-1 (Egr-1) and claudin-3, a tight junction (TJ)-related protein, were evaluated using histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The results of wound healing and Transwell assays showed that HDAC inhibitors such as trichostatin A and sodium butyrate inhibited cell migration and invasion. HDAC inhibitors markedly induced Egr-1 expression during the early period, after which expression levels decreased. In addition, the down-regulation of snail and type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF-1R) in HDAC inhibitor-treated cells induced the upregulation of thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), E-cadherin and claudin-3. Cells transfected with Egr-1 and claudin-3 siRNA displayed significant blockage of HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-invasive activity. Collectively, these findings indicate that the up-regulation of Egr-1 and claudin-3 are crucial steps in HDAC inhibitor-induced anti-metastasis and anti-invasion.
Universal Conversion Efficiency Scaling with Free-Spectral-Range for Soliton Kerr Combs (2020)

We experimentally and theoretically investigate the dependence of the pump-to-comb conversion efficiency of soliton Kerr combs on the cavity free-spectral-range and determine that three different regimes exist with distinct scaling behavior.
Sound radiation properties of dielectric elastomer electroactive polymer loudspeakers (2006)

Dielectric elastomer electroactive polymer (EAP) loudspeakers have been built and demonstrated at SRI International. Dielectric elastomer loudspeakers have the advantages of being very lightweight and able to conform to any shape or surface, making them attractive as low-profile, surface-mounted speakers in rooms or vehicle interiors, and for applications in active noise control. Loudspeaker performance depends on a number of mechanical factors, such as speaker shape and mechanical bias, as well as on electrical driving characteristics. This paper discusses important aspects of loudspeaker performance, including sound pressure level and directivity.
Effect of Lipophilic Bismuth Nanoparticles on Erythrocytes (2015)

Lipophilic bismuth dimercaptopropanol nanoparticles (BisBAL NPs) have a very important antimicrobial activity; however their effect on human cells or tissues has not been completely studied. Undesirable effects of bismuth include anemia which could result from suicidal erythrocyte death or eryptosis. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of bismuth dimercaptopropanol nanoparticles on blood cells. The nanoparticles are composed of 53 nm crystallites on average and have a spherical structure, agglomerating into clusters of small nanoparticles. Based on cell viability assays and optical microscopy, cytotoxicity on erythrocytes was observed after growing with 500 and 1000 µ M of BisBAL NPs for 24 h. AM Calcein was retained inside erythrocytes when they were exposed to 100 µ M (or lower concentrations) of BisBAL NPs for 24 h, suggesting the absence of damage in plasmatic membrane. Genotoxic assays revealed no damage to genomic DNA of blood cells after 24 h of exposition to BisBAL NPs. Finally, 100–1000 µ M of bismuth nanoparticles promotes apoptosis between blood cells after 24 h of incubation. Hence BisBAL NPs at concentrations lower than 100 µ M do not cause damage on blood cells; they could potentially be used by humans without affecting erythrocytes and leukocytes.
A large scale expression study associates uc.283-plus lncRNA with pluripotent stem cells and human glioma (2014)

Our results suggest that uc.283-plus lncRNA might have a role in pluripotency of stem cells and in the biology of glioma.
Direct Probe Fourier Transform Far-Infrared Spectroscopy of Metal Atoms, Metal Ions, and Metal Clusters in Zeolites (1985)

Abstract A class of crystalline aluminosilicates, known as the zeolites, are widely used as effective heterogeneous catalysts in the chemical industry. They possess excellent stability, activity and selectivity patterns for a wide range of hydrocarbon transformations [1–10]. X-ray diffraction studies have shown that zeolites are giant macromolecules formed by AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra joined by shared oxygens, and the structures of many synthetic and naturally occurring zeolites are now known and well documented [11]. As a simplification we can think of certain zeolites as a three-dimensional channelled network of interconnected cavities of different sizes. The excess negative charge on the framework of the zeolite, due to the AlO4 tetrahedra, is either balanced by positively charged metal ions or protons which usually reside at well-defined sites in the zeolite lattice. The presence of exchangeable cations makes some zeolitic materials especially attractive in applications involving water treatment, such as domestic softeners and detergents, wastewater clean-up, and disposal and storage of radioactive elements. These subjects have been reviewed recently vis-a-vis the thermodynamics and kinetics of ion exchange in naturally occurring and synthetic zeolites [12]. This review will focus mainly on faujasite-type zeolites, one aspect of which will concern the vibrational spectra of the metal cations. The structure of zeolite Y is shown in Fig. 1, and the sites where cations can reside are indicated by Roman numerals in the accepted convention. These sites are of particular importance catalytically since they are thought to be the active centers for reaction [12–14] or the seeds of metal cluster formation [15]. Of these sites, those that can directly interact with molecules that have entered the large a-cage (supercage) at the center of the figure are more important in terms of hydrocarbon transformations. For example, to illustrate the difference between the α- and β-cavities of faujatites, even molecular oxygen with a kinetic diameter [161 of 3.54 å cannot enter through the oxygen 6–rings of the sodalite (β) cages at room temperature (see Fig. 11, but up to 6 pyridine molecules can simultaneously occupy the α-cages.
Supplementary Figure 4 from GSK-3β Governs Inflammation-Induced NFATc2 Signaling Hubs to Promote Pancreatic Cancer Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Immune cell infiltrations upon cerulein and GSK-3i treatment&lt;/p&gt;
A Spectrum Sensing Algorithm for Constant Modulus Primary Users Signals (2015)

In this letter, a spectrum sensing technique is proposed for constant modulus primary users signals. A new metric, namely the normalized variance, is introduced as a function of the second and fourth order moment of the received signal. Then, it is used as the testing variable for detecting the primary user signal. Theoretical analysis and simulations in the presence of noise uncertainty evaluate the performance of the proposed technique, in comparison with the conventional energy detection. The results evidence the efficiency of our method for fast and reliable primary users' detection in cognitive radio systems.