gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hematite Nanoparticle Modified Granular Activated Carbon for Removal of Arsenic and Organic Co-Contaminants (2013)

The goal of this study was to determine whether hematite nanoparticles could be synthesized within the pores of granular activated carbon (GAC) media by hydrolysis of ferric salt to effectively remove arsenic and organic co-contaminant from water. Five task-oriented objectives were undertaken to address this goal: (1) hematite modified GAC media was fabricated; (2) properties of the fabricated media were characterized; (3) arsenic adsorption capacity was evaluated under batch pseudo-equilibrium conditions in different water matrices; (4) adsorption capacity of the fabricated media was evaluated for model organic co-contaminant (methylene blue) under batch pseudo-equilibrium conditions; and (5) short bed column tests were conducted to estimate adsorption capacity under continuous flow conditions. Four different hybrid media were fabricated characterized with iron contents ranging from 0.9% to 4.4% of Fe per dry weight. Longer hydrolysis times in solutions with lower concentrations of ferric salt allow for higher iron content, better distribution of the nanoparticles and formation of pore volume in the macropore region. Characterized by the low Freundlich intensity parameters (1/n <1), the hybrid media with highest iron content exhibited better arsenic adsorption capacity and selectivity in waters with low arsenic concentrations than their counterparts. The introduction of nanoparticles within the pores of the granular activated reduced the adsorption capacity of the hybrid media for the model organic co-contaminant (methylene blue), but it did not affect the energy of adsorption.
Relative afferent pupillary defects in patients with Leber hereditary optic neuropathy and unilateral visual loss (1998)

The results of this study do not support the hypothesis that visual-pupillomotor dissociation is a common feature of LHON.
Energy Efficient Adaptive Approach for Dependable Performance in the presence of Timing Interference (2017)

Silicon design miniaturization has dramatically improved the integration scale in one chip, highlighting in the same time reliability issues. Error-correction mechanisms deal with these issues ensuring the operation Reliability, Availability and Serviceability (RAS), paying a price in performance. The current study deploys a run-time mechanism that mitigates the correction overhead, guaranteeing the performance dependability. In this direction, a closed-loop controller absorbs the RAS-induced delay by triggering Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) schemes. The novelty is the run-time adjustment of the DVFS responses to the identified performance variability norms. To achieve this, we exploit an adaptive scenario scheduler that reorganizes the scenario hierarchy at run-time. Compared against an approach utilizing a 30% operation frequency guardband, the proposed configuration achieves an 83.9% exploitation of the nominal improvement margins that corresponds to an energy gain up to 15%.
ChemInform Abstract: Ferrielectric and Antiferroelectric Properties of a Fluoro‐Substituted Biphenyl Ester. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
RNA Codewords and Protein Synthesis (1964)

A rapid, sensitive method is described for measuring C(14)-aminoacyl-sRNA interactions with ribosomes which are specifically induced by the appropriate RNA codewords prior to peptide-bond formation. Properties of the codeword recognition process and the minimum oligonucleotide chain length required to induce such interactions are presented. The trinucleotides, pUpUpU, pApApA, and pCpCpC, but not dinucleotides, specifically direct the binding to ribosomes of phenylalanine-, lysine-, and proline-sRNA, respectively. Since 5'-terminal, 3'-terminal, and internal codewords differ in chemical structure, three corresponding classes of codewords are proposed. The recognition of each class in this system is described. The template efficiency of trinucleotide codewords is modified greatly by terminal phosphate. Triplets with 5'-terminal phosphate are more active as templates than triplets without terminal phosphate. Triplets with 3'- or 3' (2')-terminal phosphate are markedly less active as templates. These findings are discussed in relation to the probable functions of terminal codewords. The modification of RNA and DNA codewords, converting sense into missense or nonsense codewords, is suggested as a possible regulatory mechanism in protein synthesis.
Low-temperature heat switch using unforced convection (1986)

A new type of low-temperature heat switch is described. The switch uses unforced convection of helium gas within a closed loop. We report measurements of the performance of a simple version of the heat switch.
Discovering Low-Precision Networks Close to Full-Precision Networks for\n Efficient Embedded Inference (2018)

To realize the promise of ubiquitous embedded deep network inference, it is\nessential to seek limits of energy and area efficiency. To this end,\nlow-precision networks offer tremendous promise because both energy and area\nscale down quadratically with the reduction in precision. Here we demonstrate\nResNet-18, -34, -50, -152, Inception-v3, Densenet-161, and VGG-16bn networks on\nthe ImageNet classification benchmark that, at 8-bit precision exceed the\naccuracy of the full-precision baseline networks after one epoch of finetuning,\nthereby leveraging the availability of pretrained models. We also demonstrate\nResNet-18, -34, -50, -152, Densenet-161, and VGG-16bn 4-bit models that match\nthe accuracy of the full-precision baseline networks -- the highest scores to\ndate. Surprisingly, the weights of the low-precision networks are very close\n(in cosine similarity) to the weights of the corresponding baseline networks,\nmaking training from scratch unnecessary.\n We find that gradient noise due to quantization during training increases\nwith reduced precision, and seek ways to overcome this noise. The number of\niterations required by SGD to achieve a given training error is related to the\nsquare of (a) the distance of the initial solution from the final plus (b) the\nmaximum variance of the gradient estimates. Therefore, we (a) reduce solution\ndistance by starting with pretrained fp32 precision baseline networks and\nfine-tuning, and (b) combat gradient noise introduced by quantization by\ntraining longer and reducing learning rates. Sensitivity analysis indicates\nthat these simple techniques, coupled with proper activation function range\ncalibration to take full advantage of the limited precision, are sufficient to\ndiscover low-precision networks, if they exist, close to fp32 precision\nbaseline networks. The results herein provide evidence that 4-bits suffice for\nclassification.\n
A Practical Scheme for Wireless Network Operation (2007)

In many problems in wireline networks, it is known that achieving capacity on each link or subnetwork is optimal for the entire network operation. In this paper, we present examples of wireless networks in which decoding and achieving capacity on certain links or subnetworks gives us lower rates than other simple schemes, like forwarding. This implies that the separation of channel and network coding that holds for many classes of wireline networks does not, in general, hold for wireless networks. Next, we consider Gaussian and erasure wireless networks where nodes are permitted only two possible operations: nodes can either decode what they receive (and then re-encode and transmit the message) or simply forward it. We present a simple greedy algorithm that returns the optimal scheme from the exponential-sized set of possible schemes. This algorithm will go over each node at most once to determine its operation, and hence, is very efficient. We also present a decentralized algorithm whose performance can approach the optimum arbitrarily closely in an iterative fashion
Synthesis and Characterization of Fluorescently Doped Mesoporous Nanoparticles for Two-Photon Excitation (2008)

The template-directed synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles doped with water-soluble fluorescent dyes optimized for two-photon excitation is described. Two structurally related symmetrical two-photon dyes that possess pyridinium acceptor endgroups conjugated to a fluorenyl core are synthesized by Heck coupling. These dyes display bright fluorescence (Φ ≈ 0.35) under both one- (ϵ ≈ 6 × 104 M−1 cm−1) and two-photon excitation (σ2 ≈ 1000 GM) and were successfully encapsulated in silica nanoparticles via immobilization through noncovalent interactions. The nanoparticles present a mean diameter of 100 nm and a hexagonal network of mesopores as shown by TEM. Interestingly, the photophysical characteristics of the dyes are retained upon their immobilization into the silica matrix, leading to fluorescent silica nanoparticles with giant/unprecedented TPA cross-section (1 × 107 GM). Such nanospheres represent attractive nanoplatforms for the development of biotargeted biocompatible luminescent tracers.
Distributed Strain Sensing in der Geotechnik – Teil 2 (2018)

Abstract Mit der vorliegenden Abhandlung wird der erste Beitrag zum Distributed Strain Sensing in der Geotechnik in der Bautechnik ergänzt. Insbesondere zeigt die Vergangenheit, dass gerade beim planenden Ingenieur eine große Unsicherheit hinsichtlich der Ausschreibung besteht. Damit ist vor allem das „Was“ gemeint. Das Feld der ortsverteilten faseroptischen Sensortechnik ist, wie bereits beschrieben, ein weitgefächertes Gebiet. Die im Folgenden zusammengestellten Ausführungen gelten sowohl für das Distributed Temperature Sensing als auch für das Distributed Strain Sensing. Der zusammengetragene Ausschreibungsumfang basiert auf einer 25‐jährigen Tätigkeit auf dem Gebiet der faseroptischen Messtechnik in der Erdöl‐ und Erdgasindustrie, im Wasserbau und der Geotechnik. Die Ausführungen beziehen sich auf das Distributed Strain Sensing. Das beschriebene System wird kommerziell auf dem Markt vertrieben und unterliegt keiner ausschreibungsrelevanten Beschränkung. Der Beitrag umfasst eine kurze allgemeine Beschreibung der auszuschreibenden Leistungen in Verbindung mit Ausschreibungsbausteinen, welche die gewünschte Leistung derart beschreibt, dass der planende Ingenieur wirklich vergleichbare Angebote erhält. Der Beitrag schützt den Ausschreibenden jedoch nicht vor der eigenen Wertung der angebotenen Leistung hinsichtlich der Eignung und Leistungsfähigkeit des Bieters. Abschließend werden zwei nicht abschließende Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen zwischen dem Distributed Sensing und konventionellen Messverfahren dargestellt.
Thin-Film Composite Membrane Prepared by Interfacial Polymerization on the Integrated ZIF-L Nanosheets Interface for Pervaporation Dehydration (2021)

Thin-film composite (TFC) membranes are attracting wide attention because their ultrathin selective layer usually corresponds to the higher membrane flux for pervaporation. However, the direct preparation of the TFC membranes on ceramic substrates confronted with the great difficulties because the larger pores on ceramic substrate surfaces are detrimental to the formation of an intact polyamide (PA) selective layer produced by interfacial polymerization (IP) reaction. Here, the integrated ZIF-L nanosheets were proposed to be used as an assistance interlayer for the first time to eliminate the existence of the pores of the ceramic support, and provides a better basis for the formation of an intact PA selective layer by IP reaction between TMC and ethylenediamine (EDA). The experimental data obtained in pervaporation (PV) show that the increased flux from 1.1 to 2.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>h corresponds to the decreased separation factor from 396 to 110 when the feed concentration of ethanol decreases from 95 wt % to 80 wt % at 50 °C. In addition, the membrane flux increases from 0.8 to 2.5 kg/m<sup>2</sup>h with a change of the separation factor from 683 to 111 when the operational temperature varies from 30 to 60 °C. These results demonstrate the great potential of the fabricated TFC membranes in practical application for PV dehydration of organic solutions.
Tandem Requirement for Full Renal D 1 R and D 5 R Activity (2019)

ABSTRACT The peripheral dopaminergic system promotes the maintenance of blood pressure homeostasis by engendering natriuresis, mainly through the renal D 1 R and D 5 R receptors. This effect is most apparent under conditions of moderate body sodium excess. Human and rodent renal proximal tubules express both receptors, which share common structural features and pharmacological profiles. Genetic ablation of either receptor in the kidney results in hypertension in mice. In this study, we demonstrated that in renal proximal tubules, these two receptors colocalized, co-immunoprecipitated, co-segregated in lipid rafts, and heterodimerized with one another, which was enhanced by treatment with the D 1 R/D 5 R agonist fenoldopam (1 μM, 30 min). Gene silencing via antisense oligonucleotides in renal proximal tubule cells abrogated cAMP production and sodium transport in response to fenoldopam. Our results highlight the cooperation and co-dependence of these two receptors through heterodimerization in renal proximal tubule cells.
Vacuolar transporter Mnr2 safeguards mitochondrial integrity in aged cells (2020)

Abstract Aging is associated with altered mitochondrial function. Mitochondrial function is dependent on the magnesium (Mg +2 ) ion flux. The molecular mechanism underlying Mg +2 homeostasis, especially during aging has not been well understood. We previously demonstrated that the absence of a vacuolar ion transporter Mnr2 accelerates cell death in the older part of the colony in Magnaporthe oryzae presumably due to an altered Mg +2 homeostasis. Localization of Mnr2 as dynamic puncta at the vacuolar membrane especially in the older Magnaporthe cells further suggests its association with aged cells. Interestingly, such vacuolar Mnr2 puncta colocalized with the filamentous mitochondria in the aged cells. Further, we show that aged mnr2 Δ null cells displayed loss of integrity of mitochondria and vacuoles. Remarkably, exogenously added Mg +2 restored the mitochondrial structure as well as improved the lifespan of mnr2 Δ null cells. Thus, we uncover a mechanism of maintenance of mitochondrial integrity and function by the ion transporter Mnr2-based Mg +2 homeostasis during aging.
Internal control in the wake of the Enron scandal - legislation or self-regulation? (2009)

Background &amp; Problem Discussion: The collapse of Enron together with several\nother scandals contributed to the creation of the Sarbanes Oxley Act, imposing heavy\ndemands on accounting ethics for businesses listed on the stock exchange in the US.\nIn Sweden, the Swedish Code of Corporate Governance was introduced, but instead\nof being a law, it is based on self-regulation. The purpose of both SOX and the Code\nis to gain the trust of potential investors by ensuring that companies are managed as\neffectively as possible in accordance with the interests and the objectives of the share\nholders. As both exist for a common purpose, this study will try to answer which one\nthat better fulfills the purpose, by investigating Swedish companies view on the topic.\nPurpose: This study will try to answer, out of Swedish companies’ perspective, what\nis most effective, self-regulation, with the possibility to either comply or give an explanation\nfor not complying, or detailed regulation by law?\nDelimitations: This study is limited to investigating companies listed on the US or\nSwedish stock market. Focus is put on Sarbanes-Oxley Act and Swedish Code of Corporate\nGovernance, in particular their regulation of internal control.\nMethodology: Initially, laws and regulations were investigated to form a framework\nupon which further studies throughout the report were based. The empiric consists of\neight interviews, which were summarized and analyzed, from which conclusions were\ndrawn.\nResult and Conclusions: There is no reason to abandon self-regulation. Instead, an\noverall better framework with some compulsory rules should be developed, in order to\nprovide the best possible help in improving the internal control.\nSuggestions on Future Studies: In would be interesting to study what view the accounting\nfirms have on the topic. Furthermore it would also be interesting to interview\nother employees within the organizations, to learn what changes they have observed.\nFinally, it would be interesting to investigate if companies have a different view on\ninternal control in a few years from now.
A Novel Leptospira interrogans Protein LIC13086 Inhibits Fibrin Clot Formation and Interacts With Host Components (2021)

Leptospirosis is a neglected zoonosis, caused by pathogenic spirochetes bacteria of the genus <i>Leptospira</i>. The molecular mechanisms of leptospirosis infection are complex, and it is becoming clear that leptospires express several functionally redundant proteins to invade, disseminate, and escape the host's immune response. Here, we describe a novel leptospiral protein encoded by the gene LIC13086 as an outer membrane protein. The recombinant protein LIC13086 can interact with the extracellular matrix component laminin and bind plasminogen, thus possibly participating during the adhesion process and dissemination. Also, by interacting with fibrinogen and plasma fibronectin, the protein LIC13086 probably has an inhibitory effect in the fibrin clot formation during the infection process. The newly characterized protein can also bind molecules of the complement system and the regulator C4BP and, thus, might have a role in the evasion mechanism of <i>Leptospira</i>. Taken together, our results suggest that the protein LIC13086 may have a multifunctional role in leptospiral pathogenesis, participating in host invasion, dissemination, and immune evasion processes.
The dicer-like1 Homolog fuzzy tassel Is Required for the Regulation of Meristem Determinacy in the Inflorescence and Vegetative Growth in Maize (2014)

Plant architecture is determined by meristems that initiate leaves during vegetative development and flowers during reproductive development. Maize (Zea mays) inflorescences are patterned by a series of branching events, culminating in floral meristems that produce sexual organs. The maize fuzzy tassel (fzt) mutant has striking inflorescence defects with indeterminate meristems, fasciation, and alterations in sex determination. fzt plants have dramatically reduced plant height and shorter, narrower leaves with leaf polarity and phase change defects. We positionally cloned fzt and discovered that it contains a mutation in a dicer-like1 homolog, a key enzyme required for microRNA (miRNA) biogenesis. miRNAs are small noncoding RNAs that reduce target mRNA levels and are key regulators of plant development and physiology. Small RNA sequencing analysis showed that most miRNAs are moderately reduced in fzt plants and a few miRNAs are dramatically reduced. Some aspects of the fzt phenotype can be explained by reduced levels of known miRNAs, including miRNAs that influence meristem determinacy, phase change, and leaf polarity. miRNAs responsible for other aspects of the fzt phenotype are unknown and likely to be those miRNAs most severely reduced in fzt mutants. The fzt mutation provides a tool to link specific miRNAs and targets to discrete phenotypes and developmental roles.
Upstream Mechanisms of Glycogen Synthase Activation by Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor-I (1995)

This study was undertaken to define intracellular signaling pathways upstream to glycogen synthase activation. First, we examined the role of the two pathways of insulin signaling, Ras-dependent and wortmannin/LY294002-sensitive, in glycogen synthase activation. Although negative dominant Ras (Ras17N) induction in PC12 cells markedly decreased activities of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAP) and pp90 S6 kinase in response to insulin or insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), activation of glycogen synthase by these agents was unaffected by negative dominant Ras induction. In contrast, wortmannin and 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002), inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase, antagonized glycogen synthase activation in response to insulin or IGF-I. Next, we examined the contribution of pp70 S6 kinase, one of the wortmannin/LY294002-sensitive signaling molecules on glycogen synthase activation. Immunosuppressant rapamycin completely blocked activation of pp70 S6 kinase by insulin or IGF-I, but rapamycin alone or in combination with induction of negative dominant Ras failed to antagonize glycogen synthase activation by these hormones. These data suggest that 1) activation of Ras-MAP kinase is not necessary for stimulation of glycogen synthase and 2) activation of wortmannin/LY294002-sensitive pathway, independent of pp70 S6 kinase, plays a key role in glycogen synthase regulation in PC12 cells.
Molecular Materials through Microdroplets: Synthesis of Protein-Protected Luminescent Clusters of Noble Metals (2021)

Atomically precise noble metal nanoclusters protected with proteins have emerged as a new research frontier in nanoscience due to their unique optical and chemical properties as well as promising applications. In the present work, we have employed an ambient electrospray technique to synthesize protein-protected luminescent clusters of gold and silver within the time scale of a few microseconds, which typically takes hours. In the absence of an electric field, the spray results in nanoparticles and no cluster formation was noticed. Synthesis of these clusters in microdroplets leads to severalfold enhancement in the rate of cluster formation. Spectroscopic investigations such as optical absorption, transmission electron microscopy, and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry confirm the molecular nature of the particles formed. Luminescence of electrospray-synthesized clusters shows multifold enhancement as compared to the clusters synthesized in the solution phase. Luminescence of the clusters synthesized in microdroplets increases with the distance traveled by the spray. The formation of clusters via electrospray affects the secondary structure of the protein, and its conformation is different from that of the parent protein. The Au@BSA cluster is utilized for in vitro imaging of retinoblastoma NCC-RbC-51 cells demonstrating a biological application of the resultant material. The absence of solvents and additional reagents enhances the sustainability of the method.
Application of guided-wave optics in signal processing and sensing (1987)

Research in the use of guided-wave optics for signal processing and sensing is reviewed, and advantages and limitations of the technology are discussed. The signal processors employ electrooptic, acoustooptic, and fiber-optic components to perform such functions as spectral analysis of radio-frequency signals, correlation and matched filtering, code and waveform synthesis, signal delay and storage, and analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog conversion. In most cases, the guided-wave approach is distinguished by the ability to perform a particular function at very high analog bandwidths or digital data rates. The second part of the review is concerned with sensor applications for guided-wave elements fabricated on planar substrates ("integrated optics"). Waveguides on an integrated optics chip have been used for sensing temperature, humidity, electric field, wavefront angle, and optical disc reflectivity. Also described are integrated optic phase and frequency shifters developed for use in fiber-optic sensors. In concluding remarks, an effort is made to provide some perspective on competing technologies and to indicate some areas where future research might prove fruitful.