gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transmembrane envelope glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIV-mac exist as homodimers (1990)

An 80-kilodalton glycoprotein (gp80) was produced in human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)-infected cells along with three envelope glycoproteins that we have recently reported: the extracellular glycoprotein (gp125), the envelope glycoprotein precursor (gp140), and the transient dimeric form of the precursor (gp300). gp125 and gp80 were detectable after the synthesis of gp140 and the formation of gp300. Using a specific monoclonal antibody, we showed here that gp80 is a dimeric form of the transmembrane glycoprotein gp36 of HIV-2. Dimerization of the envelope glycoprotein precursor and dimeric forms of the transmembrane glycoproteins were also observed in cells infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV-mac), a virus closely related to HIV-2. Under routine conditions of our experiments (i.e., extraction by 1% Triton X-100 before polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate [SDS]), monomeric forms of the transmembrane glycoprotein of HIV-2 and SIV-mac were only seldomly observed. Dimeric forms of the envelope precursors and the transmembrane glycoproteins are probably stabilized by extraction in the nonionic detergent Triton X-100 since such dimeric forms resist dissociation during subsequent electrophoresis in the presence of the ionic detergent SDS. However, the dissociation of these dimeric forms might occur when samples are prepared by extraction directly in 1% SDS or by incubation of the purified dimers at acidic pH. Dimerization of the envelope precursor might be required for its processing to give the mature envelope proteins, whereas the transmembrane dimer might be essential for optimal structure of the virion and thus its infectivity.
A new method to optimize q-axis voltage for deep flux weakening control of IPM machines based on single current regulator (2008)

The single current regulator algorithm has been proven robust for flux weakening control of surface-mount PM (SPM) machines with active control of d-axis current and a fixed value of q-axis voltage applied. This paper proposes a new method to optimize the q-axis voltage adaptive to variable speeds and torque based on the single current regulator algorithm for the deep flux weakening control of a 50 kW interior permanent magnet (IPM) machine. The advantages of the improved single current regulator algorithm over the conventional one are analyzed and verified by computer simulations. The experimental results show that the proposed method is very robust for the deep flux weakening operation of an IPM motor in a 7:1 speed range.
Electrolyte for high voltage lithium-ion batteries (2023)

An electrolyte, electrochemical device, battery, capacitor, and/or the like include a salt; and a fluorinated organosulfate compound represented by Formula I: wherein, R1 is H, OR3, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, or silyl; R2 is H, OR3, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl, or silyl; and R3 is H, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or siloxy; or where R1 and R2 join together to form a cyclic compound incorporating the —O—S(O)2—O— group; wherein at least one R1 and R2 is fluorinated.
Supplementary Table S3 from ER Stress Signaling Promotes the Survival of Cancer “Persister Cells” Tolerant to EGFR Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ranked gene list by STARS algorithm&lt;/p&gt;
Sectored Random Projections for Cancelable Iris Biometrics (2010)

Privacy and security are essential requirements in practical biometric systems. In order to prevent the theft of biometric patterns, it is desired to modify them through revocable and non invertible transformations called Cancelable Biometrics. In this paper, we propose an efficient algorithm for generating a Cancelable Iris Biometric based on Sectored Random Projections. Our algorithm can generate a new pattern if the existing one is stolen, retain the original recognition performance and prevent extraction of useful information from the transformed patterns. Our method also addresses some of the drawbacks of existing techniques and is robust to degradations due to eyelids and eyelashes.
A new experimental approach for the study of cardiopulmonary physiology during early development (1988)

In this report, an experimental approach and newly designed apparatus for liquid ventilation of preterm animals are described. Findings of age-related changes in cardiopulmonary function of this animal preparation are presented. Thirty-one lambs, 102-137 days gestation (term 147 +/- 3 days), were studied. The carotid artery, jugular vein, and trachea of the exteriorized fetus were cannulated under local anesthesia. Immediately after cesarean section delivery, ventilation commenced; warmed (39 degrees C) and oxygenated (PIO2 greater than 500 Torr) liquid fluorocarbon (RIMAR 101) was delivered to the lung by a mechanically assisted liquid ventilation system. Skeletal muscle paralysis, low-dose exogenous buffering, and thermal support were maintained during the 3-h experiment. Pulmonary gas exchange, acid-base status, and cardiopulmonary and metabolic function were assessed. By utilizing these techniques, effective arterial oxygenation, CO2 elimination, acid-base status, and cardiovascular stability were supported independent of gestational age. The results demonstrate a developmental increase in specific lung compliance and mean arterial pressure and decrease in heart rate and systemic O2 consumption per kilogram with advancing gestational age. These findings demonstrate that liquid ventilation negates the dependency of effective pulmonary gas exchange on surfactant development, thereby extending the limits of viability of the immature extrauterine lamb. As such this new experimental approach is useful for the study of physiological development over an age range previously limited to fetal animal preparations and, therefore, may provide insight regarding adaptation of the premature to the extrauterine environment.
Metabolic Imaging Detects Resistance to PI3Kα Inhibition Mediated by Persistent FOXM1 Expression in ER+ Breast Cancer (2020)

PIK3CA, encoding the PI3Kα isoform, is the most frequently mutated oncogene in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. Isoform-selective PI3K inhibitors are used clinically but intrinsic and acquired resistance limits their utility. Improved selection of patients that will benefit from these drugs requires predictive biomarkers. We show here that persistent FOXM1 expression following drug treatment is a biomarker of resistance to PI3Kα inhibition in ER<sup>+</sup> breast cancer. FOXM1 drives expression of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) but not hexokinase 2 (HK-II). The downstream metabolic changes can therefore be detected using MRI of LDH-catalyzed hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C label exchange between pyruvate and lactate but not by positron emission tomography measurements of HK-II-mediated trapping of the glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Rapid assessment of treatment response in breast cancer using this imaging method could help identify patients that benefit from PI3Kα inhibition and design drug combinations to counteract the emergence of resistance.
Visual Scene Representations: Sufficiency, Minimality, Invariance and Deep Approximation (2014)

Visual representations are defined in terms of minimal sufficient statistics of visual data, for a class of tasks, that are also invariant to nuisance variability. Minimal sufficiency guarantees that we can store a representation in lieu of raw data with smallest complexity and no performance loss on the task at hand. Invariance guarantees that the statistic is constant with respect to uninformative transformations of the data. We derive analytical expressions for such representations and show they are related to feature descriptors commonly used in computer vision, as well as to convolutional neural networks. This link highlights the assumptions and approximations tacitly assumed by these methods and explains empirical practices such as clamping, pooling and joint normalization.
A Hybrid Computational and Analytical Model of Inline Drip Emitters (2018)

This paper details a hybrid computational and analytical model to predict the performance of inline pressure-compensating (PC) drip irrigation emitters. The term inline refers to flow control devices mounted within the irrigation tubing. Pressure-compensating emitters deliver a relatively constant flow rate over a range applied pressure to accurately meter water to crops. Flow rate is controlled within the emitter by directing the water through a tortuous path (which imposes a fixed resistance), and then through a variable resistor composed of a flexible membrane that deflects under changes in pressure, restricting the flow path. An experimentally validated computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was used to predict flow behavior through tortuous paths, and a pressure resistance parameter was derived to represent the pressure drop with a single variable. The bending and shearing mechanics of the membrane were modeled analytically and refined for accuracy by deriving a correction factor using finite element analysis. A least-squares matrix formulation that calculates the force applied by a line load of any shape, along which there is a prescribed deflection applied on a rectangular membrane, was derived and was found to be accurate to within one percent. The applicability of the assumption of locally fully developed flow through the pressure compensating chamber in a drip emitter was analyzed. The combined hybrid computational-analytical model reduces the computational time of modeling drip emitter performance from days to less than 30 minutes, dramatically lowering the time required to iterate and select optimal designs. The model was validated using three commercially available drip emitters, rated at 1.1, 2, and 3.8 L/hr. For each, the model predicted the flow rate with an error of twenty percent or less, as compared to the emitter performance published by the manufacturer.
Activation energy of the separation of DNA sequencing fragments in denaturing noncross‐linked polyacrylamide by capillary elecrophoresis (1996)

We present the mobility of DNA sequencing fragments as a function of temperature in 5%T, 0%C noncross-linked polyacrylamide and at an electric field of 150 V/cm. The mobility of the fragments follows the Arrhenius equation. The activation energy for migration of a fragment through the polymer decreases monotonically with fragment length. The data were also analyzed in terms of the biased reptation model; the onset of biased reptation with stretching occurs for longer fragments as the temperature increase. These results are quite different from those observed for separation of DNA in cross-linked gels and represent a fundamental difference in the physics of the cross-linked and noncross-linked polyacrylamide.
A conduction model for semiconductor-grain-boundary-semiconductor barriers in polycrystalline-silicon films (1983)

A quantitative trapping model is introduced to describe the electrical properties of a semiconductor-grain-boundary-semiconductor (SGBS) barrier in polysilicon films over a wide temperature range. The grain-boundary scattering effects on carrier transport are studied analytically by examining the behavior of the height and width of a rectangular grain-boundary potential barrier. The model also verifies the applicability of a single-crystal band diagram for the crystallite within which an impurity level exists. Carder transport includes not only thermionic field emission through the space-charge potential barrier resulting from trapping effects and through the grain-boundary scattering potential barrier but also thermionic emission over these barriers. Thermionic emission dominates at high temperatures; however, at low temperatures, thermionic field emission becomes more important and the grain-boundary scattering effects are an essential factor. By characterizing the experimental data of the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I-V</tex> characteristics, resistivity, mobility, and carrier concentration, this model enhances the understanding of the current transport in polysilicon films with grain sizes from 100 Å to 1 µm, doping levels from 1 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> to 8 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , and measurement temperatures from -176 to 144°C. The limitations of the model are also discussed.
Direct Measurement of the Surface Energy of Corona-Treated Polyethylene Using the Surface Forces Apparatus (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect Measurement of the Surface Energy of Corona-Treated Polyethylene Using the Surface Forces ApparatusV. Mangipudi, M. Tirrell, and Alphonsus V. PociusCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 1, 19–23Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00001a006https://doi.org/10.1021/la00001a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views519Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Comparison of Subjective Picture Quality with Objective Measure Using Subjective Spatial Frequency (2005)

Recently, not only still pictures but also moving pictures are displayed on the PDAs or cellular phones. When we take a look such pictures, the picture quality seems to be better than those on the CRTs or the large LCDs. In order to clarify the reason, we have investigated the relationship between the subjective quality of different size of pictures with keeping the viewing distance 6H. After three kinds of pictures (Girl, Mandrill, Milkdrop) are subjectively tested, the MOS using the small sized pictures with several distortions is better than that of the middle and large sized pictures by the psychophysical factors. In this paper, after discussing the effect of picture size on the MOS, we show the experimental results obtained by subjective evaluation with 20 observers. And, the relationship between the MOS and the Weighted SNR compensated by the subjective spatial frequency are given.
12.5-Gb/s Direct Modulation Up to 115&gt;tex&lt;$^circrm C$&gt;/tex&lt;in 1.3-&gt;tex&lt;$murm m$&gt;/tex&lt;InGaAlAs-MQW RWG DFB Lasers With Notch-Free Grating Structure (2004)

Direct modulation at 12.5 Gb/s of 1.3-/spl mu/m InGaAlAs distributed feedback (DFB) ridge waveguide (RWG) lasers with low-resistance notch-free gratings running up to 115/spl deg/C is experimentally demonstrated. It was achieved by the combination of the high differential gain of an InGaAlAs MQW active layer, high characteristic temperature of RWG structure, and low-resistance notch-free grating. Moreover, successful transmission of 10-Gb/s modulated signals over 30-km standard single-mode fiber was achieved with the laser running at up to 115/spl deg/C. These results confirm the suitability of this type of laser for use as the cost-effective light source in 12.5-Gb/s and 10-Gb/s datacom applications.
Identification of bacterial biofilm and the Staphylococcus aureus derived protease, staphopain, on the skin surface of patients with atopic dermatitis (2017)

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by an impaired epidermal barrier, dysregulation of innate and adaptive immunity, and a high susceptibility to bacterial colonization and infection. In the present study, bacterial biofilm was visualized by electron microscopy at the surface of AD skin. Correspondingly, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) isolates from lesional skin of patients with AD, produced a substantial amount of biofilm in vitro. S. aureus biofilms showed less susceptibility to killing by the antimicrobial peptide LL-37 when compared with results obtained using planktonic cells. Confocal microscopy analysis showed that LL-37 binds to the S. aureus biofilms. Immuno-gold staining of S. aureus biofilm of AD skin detected the S. aureus derived protease staphopain adjacent to the bacteria. In vitro, staphopain B degraded LL-37 into shorter peptide fragments. Further, LL-37 significantly inhibited S. aureus biofilm formation, but no such effects were observed for the degradation products. The data presented here provide novel information on staphopains present in S. aureus biofilms in vivo, and illustrate the complex interplay between biofilm and LL-37 in skin of AD patients, possibly leading to a disturbed host defense, which facilitates bacterial persistence.
Analysis of unidirectional non-paraxial invisibility of purely reflective PT-symmetric volume gratings (2015)

We study the diffraction produced by a slab of purely reflective PT-symmetric volume Bragg grating that combines modulations of refractive index and gain/loss of the same periodicity with a quarter-period shift between them. Such a complex grating has a directional coupling between the different diffraction orders, which allows us to find an analytic solution for the first three orders of the full Maxwell equations without resorting to the paraxial approximation. This is important, because only with the full equations can the boundary conditions, allowing for the reflections, be properly implemented. Using our solution we analyze unidirectional invisibility of such a grating in a wide variety of configurations.
Recent clinical progress in virus-based therapies for cancer (2006)

As our knowledge of the molecular basis of cancer expands, viral vectors have been increasingly studied as potential antitumour therapeutic agents. With their ability to invade and replicate within target cells, viruses have been utilised as oncolytic agents to directly lyse tumour cells. Viruses can also deliver their genetic payload into infected cells, allowing for the repair of defective tumour suppressor genes, disruption of oncogenic pathways, and production of cytokines that activate the immune system. Finally, viruses encoding tumour-associated antigens can infect dendritic cells, triggering the development of a tumour-specific immune response. The ability to engineer viruses with high levels of tumour specificity and efficient rates of infection has enhanced the safety profile of these agents, allowing for the development of viable therapeutic options that have been examined in the clinic, either alone or in conjunction with more conventional therapies. This review highlights the principles underlying virus-based therapies for cancer, with an emphasis on recent developments from the clinic.
A Meta-Analysis of Comparative Transcriptomic Data Reveals a Set of Key Genes Involved in the Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses in Rice (2019)

Several environmental factors, such as drought, salinity, and extreme temperatures, negatively affect plant growth and development, which leads to yield losses. The tolerance or sensitivity to abiotic stressors are the expression of a complex machinery involving molecular, biochemical, and physiological mechanisms. Here, a meta-analysis on previously published RNA-Seq data was performed to identify the genes conferring tolerance to chilling, osmotic, and salt stresses, by comparing the transcriptomic changes between tolerant and susceptible rice genotypes. Several genes encoding transcription factors (TFs) were identified, suggesting that abiotic stress tolerance involves upstream regulatory pathways. A gene co-expression network defined the metabolic and signalling pathways with a prominent role in the differentiation between tolerance and susceptibility: (i) the regulation of endogenous abscisic acid (ABA) levels, through the modulation of genes that are related to its biosynthesis/catabolism, (ii) the signalling pathways mediated by ABA and jasmonic acid, (iii) the activity of the "Drought and Salt Tolerance" TF, involved in the negative regulation of stomatal closure, and (iv) the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis by specific MYB TFs. The identified genes represent putative key players for conferring tolerance to a broad range of abiotic stresses in rice; a fine-tuning of their expression seems to be crucial for rice plants to cope with environmental cues.
N-face GaN/AlN/GaN/InAlN and GaN/AlN/AlGaN/GaN/InAlN high-electron-mobility transistor structures grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on vicinal substrates (2015)

Since on-axis GaN-on-sapphire substrates with low threading dislocation density are not available in the N-face orientation, we explored the growth of InAlN on vicinal (4° miscut along GaN GaN-on-sapphire substrates. The microstructure of In0.18Al0.82N layers grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy at different temperatures was studied using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The cross-sectional and plan-view STEM images revealed lateral variations in the InAlN composition along (perpendicular to the step edges). Also, step bunching was observed in InAlN layers thicker than 10 nm. N-face high-electron-mobility transistor structures with lattice-matched InAlN backbarriers were then grown on these vicinal substrates with different InAlN thicknesses. Transmission line measurements showed that step bunching and lateral variation of InAlN composition degraded the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) mobility in the directions parallel and perpendicular to the steps. A 2DEG charge density of 1.1 × 1013 cm−2 and mobility of 1850 cm2 V−1 s−1 were achieved on a GaN/AlN/InAlN/GaN structure with 7.5 nm thick In0.18Al0.82N. By designing a double backbarrier (In0.18Al0.82N(7.5 nm)/Al0.57Ga0.43N(7 nm)), a 2DEG charge density of 2 × 1013 cm−2 and mobility of 1360 cm2 V−1 s−1 were attained, which resulted in a sheet resistance of 230 Ω/□.
A computer simulation study of vanadium substitution in the AlPO4-5 framework (2000)

The substitution of Al3+ by V3+ and P5+ by V5+ in AlPO4-5 microporous materials is studied by energy minimisation techniques. The incorporation of V3+ in aluminium sites is accompanied by a strong distortion of the framework. The least stable site has the lower V3+–O distance, and more deformed V3+–O–P angles. In contrast, for the substitution of P5+ by V5+ small deformations of the framework were obtained. For this reason we suggest the vanadium is found, fundamentally, as V5+ in the phosphorus sites. Very similar energies were obtained for the six different independent phosphorus sites of the asymmetric unit cell which suggests that the V5+ ion could occupy any of these sites with the same probability. Furthermore, the 78 configurations of two V5+ ions in the unit cell were studied. We did not find a relationship between the stability of the framework and the position of the substituted vanadium ions. An increment of around 1% in the volume of the unit cell with respect to the configurations of one V5+ ion was observed. Simulation of the VAPO-5 vibrational spectrum shows a new band (≈835 cm−1), in agreement with the IR experiments.