gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Standards Used in Meeting Requirements for a Model Pre-Market Approval (PMA) of a Neural Guidance Conduit (2004)

A hypothetical neural guidance conduit, ‘InnervTube,’ employing autologous denatured muscle is presented in the form of a PMA as an example of how existing standards for tissue engineered medical products are used in product testing and evaluation. The performance requirements that determine the specific device characteristics are defined, along with a proposed method of manufacture, use, and control. Alternatives, contraindications, and preliminary in-situ and in-vitro results garnered from the literature are presented.
Exact heparin level in blood – novel light-scattering analysis makes the intraoperative direct determination possible (2012)

Aims: Current anticoagulation management in cardiac surgery is still strongly based on the intraoperative administration of unfractionated heparin. The restoring of blood coagulation is conducted by administration of protamine. However, unfractionated heparins often contain a considerable amount of fractionated heparin which cannot be completely neutralized by protamine. The standard determination method of heparin-related anticoagulation and protamine related re-coagulation is the measurement of activated clotting time (ACT). In fact, ACT is unsuitable to assess the real amount of free and protamine-bound heparin in patient's blood, leading to uncertainties in coagulation treatment with clinical consequences.
Maternal intermittent fasting during pregnancy induces fetal growth restriction and down-regulated placental system A amino acid transport in the rat (2021)

During Ramadan, many pregnant Muslim women fast between dawn and sunset. Although the impacts of prolonged maternal intermittent fasting (IF) on fetal growth and placental function are under-researched, reported effects include reduced placental weight and birth weight. In the present study, pregnant Wistar rats were used to model repeated cycles of IF on fetal development and placental function and to examine sex-specific effects. In the IF group, food was withdrawn daily from 17:00 to 09:00 over 21 days of gestation, while the control group received food ad libitum. Both groups had free water access. IF dams consumed less food, had significantly reduced weight compared with controls, with reduced plasma glucose and amino acids. Both fetal sexes were significantly lighter in the IF group with reduced fetal plasma amino acids. Placental weights and morphology were unchanged. The profile of placental metabolites was altered in the IF group with sex-specific responses evident. Transplacental flux of 14C-methylaminoisobutyric acid (14C-MeAIB), a system A amino acid transporter substrate, was significantly reduced in both fetal sexes in the IF group. Sodium-dependent 14C-MeAIB uptake into isolated placental plasma membrane vesicles was unchanged. The gene expression of system A transporter Slc38a1, Slc38a2 and Slc38a4 was up-regulated in IF male placentas only. No changes were observed in placental SNAT1 and SNAT2 protein expression. Maternal IF results in detrimental impacts on maternal physiology and fetal development with changes in the placental and fetal metabolite profiles. Reduced placental system A transporter activity may be responsible for fetal growth restriction in both sexes.
Replicated micro-optics for multimedia products (2006)

Advances in design, materials and production technology for micro-optical components have led to strong growth in their use in today's consumer products. In particular, micro-optical components produced by replication technologies such as UV embossing can now withstand the severe processing and environmental requirements of the consumer electronics industry, including lead-free IR reflow and thermal shock. With their small size and low weight, as well as the possibility of optical function not achievable by conventional optics, micro-optical components and systems are finding applications in a wide variety of products. In the field of multimedia, novel designs and new production techniques are enabling applications in key areas such as illumination and display. The extreme compactness of micro-optical components, with typical thickness under 1 mm and footprints of only some millimeters square, makes them a natural candidate for consumer products such as mobile phones, pocket projectors and displays. Advances in UV embossing technology, enabling micro-optics to be mounted over various light sources in a variety of different ways, also allow extremely compact opto-electronic modules to be realized at highly competitive prices. In this paper we summarize recent technology developments and describe a number of multimedia applications utilizing state-of-the-art micro-optics.
Novel ion conductive matrix via dehydrocoupling polymerization of imidazolium-type ionic liquid and lithium 9-borabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane hydride (2006)

An ion conductive zwitterionic polymer electrolyte containing borate units was prepared. The polymer was synthesized via dehydrocoupling of lithium 9-borabicyclo[3,3,1]nonane hydride (lithium 9-BBN hydride) with 1,3-dihydroxyethylimidazolium bromide and subsequent anion exchange reaction using lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI). The obtained polymer showed the ionic conductivity of 3.4×10-6 Scm-1 at 50 °C in spite of relatively high glass transition temperature (-6 °C).
Modeling and Characterization of Gate Leakage in High-K Metal Gate Technology-Based Embedded DRAM (2013)

We report experimental characterization and modeling of direct and trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) in high-K metal gate (HKMG)-based access transistor and deep trench (DT) capacitor constituting a 32 nm embedded dynamic random access memory (eDRAM) device. This is the first eDRAM technology that has successfully integrated HKMG-based access transistor and DT technology. The experimental results are compared with direct and TAT models implemented in a finite element-based device simulator. While in HKMG-based nFET both TAT, and direct tunneling are present, in the DT capacitor TAT is dominant due to higher interface and bulk traps. We demonstrate, through ab initio simulations, that the bulk and interface traps arise due to oxygen vacancies (Ov) in the bulk HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> interface and quantitatively compare direct and TAT currents with experimental results.
Angiotensin II Stimulation In Vitro Induces Hypertrophy of Normal and Postinfarcted Ventricular Myocytes (1998)

To determine whether angiotensin II (Ang II) stimulation of adult ventricular myocytes in vitro results in cellular hypertrophy, the changes in myocyte volume and protein content per cell were examined by confocal microscopy. Moreover, the possibility was considered that the upregulation of Ang II receptors on myocytes after infarction may potentiate and/or accelerate Ang II-mediated myocyte growth. Left ventricular myocytes isolated from control and failing hearts 3 days after infarction were cultured for 3 and 7 days in the presence of Ang II. Normal myocytes did not show an increase in volume and protein content at 3 days, but a 16% and 20% increase in these respective parameters was found at 7 days. Cell growth was faster and greater in myocytes from postinfarcted hearts. In these cells, myocyte volume increased 23% and protein content increased 28% at 3 days after Ang II administration. The higher hypertrophic reaction of myocytes from infarcted hearts occurred in spite of a 19% larger volume at isolation. In both groups of myocytes, the AT1 receptor blocker losartan completely inhibited the consequences of Ang II. Conversely, the AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 had no effect on Ang II-induced hypertrophy. In conclusion, Ang II promotes myocyte growth through the activation of AT1 receptors, which modulate the time and magnitude of this cellular response.
X-ray lithography in the government microelectronics program (1988)

X-ray lithography has always been a part of the DOD very-high-speed-integrated-circuit program. Early exploratory programs (phase III efforts) centered around the design and construction of point-source tools using conventional e-beam excited sources. The goal here was to scope out the limitations and advantages of the technology. This work has recently culminated in the delivery of the Perkin-Elmer XSAR machine to Honeywell for pilot-line evaluation. More recent efforts centered on using high-brightness point sources to characterize resists and novel mask-making approaches. These programs run parallel to DOE efforts in high-brightness synchrotron sources. Focus is shifting to the mask-making area as the final barrier which must be overcome before this technology is inserted on production line.
<title>Immunoassays for pesticide monitoring</title> (1995)

This study compares two formats of rapid assays for the detection of pesticides (bromacil and pyrethroid based metabolites): enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoassay with near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence detection. NIR dye immunoassay (NIRDIA) measurements were carried out by using two different instruments, both having a silicon photodiode as the detector and a laser diode for excitation. ELISA and NIRDIA were performed in a tracer format, where the specific antibody is bound to the surface of a microtiter plate well and the tracer with enzyme or fluorescent dye label competes with the analyte for the antibody binding site. It was demonstrated that the NIRDIA is at least as sensitive as the ELISA. Both assays detect pesticides in the (mu) g/L (ppb) range. Hapten- macromolecule-NIR dye-conjugates have been synthesized with various biopolymers (e.g., proteins) as carriers. The use of carrier macromolecules enables convenient purification of the cyanine dye derivatives. The mild conjugation method of the dye is based on isothiocyanate chemistry.
Inhibition of episomal hepatitis B virus DNA in vitro by 2,4-diamino-7- (2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl)-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (1995)

The nucleoside analog 2,4-diamino-7-(2-deoxy-2-fluoro-beta-D- arabinofuranosyl)pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine (T70080) and several related compounds were evaluated for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activity by using cultured 2.2.15 cells. T70080 reduced episomal viral replication in these cells by 50% at a concentration of 0.7 microgram/ml. At the same time, T70080 reduced cellular proliferation by 50% at a concentration in excess of 100 micrograms/ml, yielding a therapeutic index of > 143. In cells cultured for 12 days in the presence of 10 or 50 micrograms of T70080 per ml and then with drug-free medium, for an additional 12 days, viral DNA replication was completely inhibited initially but resumed between 6 and 12 days post-drug removal. In view of the potent anti-HBV activity shown, T70080 is a good candidate for further evaluation as a treatment of human HBV infection.
Synchronization of a Single-phase Photovoltaic Generator With the Low-Voltage Utility Grid (2011)

The increased generation of electrical energy from renewable sources and its integration into the low voltage grid have necessitated regulations governing the connection of renewable energy generators to the grid. This was deemed necessary to preserve the integrity and the correct operation of the grid. This paper presents a new architecture of a hybrid phase lock loop circuit topology for synchronizing a single-phase inverter fed from a renewable energy source such as a photovoltaic (PV) generator to the low voltage grid. The system uses a digital phase lock loop (DPLL) architecture, which is based on the arctan phase detector, driving a phase lock loop (PLL) to synchronize a PV inverter with the grid. The proposed system has been tested by simulation using simulink/matlab. The test results demonstrate the ability of the system to synchronize a PV inverter with the grid and to re-establish synchronization following a sudden perturbation in the grid voltage such as a single or a multistep change in phase. The system is digital and can be readily implemented using an FPGA (field programmable gate array) and hence can be easily embedded in a home or small scale single-phase PV inverter.
Interlaboratory Comparison of Ultrasonic Backscatter Coefficient Measurements From 2 to 9 MHz (2005)

Greater standardization of backscatter measurement methods is needed. Measurements of frequency dependence of backscatter are more consistent than measurements of absolute magnitude.
Modelling and Control of Grid converter: Non-ideal Grid Investigations (2006)

The present report describes the work done in the Phase 1b during the research project &quot;Modelling and Control of Grid Converter&quot;. The models used in simulations are presented in detail. Two control strategies for the grid converter are considered for investigations, namely the Adaptive Band Hysteresis Current Control (ABHCC) and Voltage Oriented Control (VOC). Simulation results under different operating conditions as well as the harmonic analysis for voltages and currents are given.
Oncogene Induction of Metastases (2007)

A metastatic colony is the end result of a complex series of steps involving multiple gene products. In some cases, the augmented metastatic potential of certain tumour cells may be due to the increased expression of specific gene products which confer a selective advantage. Transfection of the c-Ha-ras oncogene into suitable recipient cells constitutes a powerful experimental model with which to identify putative gene products augmented in highly metastatic tumour cells compared to their non-metastatic counterparts. Transfection of the activated ras oncogene into 3T3 and 10T1/2 embryo fibroblasts, and adult rat fibroblasts, results in transformants which produce high numbers of spontaneous metastases in nude mice or syngeneic recipients. The ras oncogene will also increase the metastatic aggressiveness of murine tumours with low metastatic potential. However, the ras oncogene will not induce the metastatic phenotype in all recipient cells. Furthermore, specific genes such as adenovirus 2 E1A suppress the ability of ras to induce the metastatic phenotype. Natural 'suppressor' gene products may exist which render certain cells resistant to the induction of metastases by ras. Ras oncogene transfection induces the production of type IV collagenase, motility factors and growth factors. The ras oncogene therefore induces a cascade of gene functions leading to rapid progression to the metastatic phenotype. The mechanism of the induction probably involves complex interactions between the ras p21 product and multiple cellular gene products.
An iterative model for fractal antennas: application to the Sierpinski gasket antenna (2000)

A simple model that explains the behavior of the Sierpinski fractal antenna is presented. This model shows that the multiband behavior of the Sierpinski fractal antenna is a consequence of its fractal nature. The model is applied to predict the behavior of the Sierpinski fractal antenna when the flare angle is modified and its validity is assessed by comparing its predictions with measured data.
Specific anti-influenza virus antibody production in vitro by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. (1981)

Cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated in vitro with influenza virus were found to produce anti-influenza virus antibody. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure cumulative antibody secretion into culture supernatants. Optimal antibody production was obtained with 2 x 10(6) peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured in flat-bottomed wells for 12 days in 2 ml of RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum, antibiotics, and 4 mM L-glutamine. Antibody could be detected in cultures stimulated with live A/Hong Kong/68 (H3N2), purified formalin-inactivated A/Aichi/68 (H3N2), or live B/Hong Kong/68 influenza virus. Antibody of both IgG and IgM isotypes was produced. Under optimum conditions, the secreted IgG antibody was found to be directed preferentially at antigens on the stimulating virus. Antibody production was shown to require the cooperative interaction of B and T cells. Poisson analysis of B cell precursor frequency showed that approximately 1 in 40,000 B cells could be induced to produce IgG anti-influenza virus antibody in virus-stimulated cultures. Further investigation of this in vitro response should allow dissection of the cellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of antibody production in man.
Conversion of Differentiation Inducer Resistance to Differentiation Inducer Sensitivity in Erythroleukemia Cells (1990)

Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is a potent inducer of differentiation of murine erythroleukemia cells (MELC). Commitment, the irreversible initiation of the program of terminal-cell differentiation, is first detected in HMBA-sensitive DS19-SC9 MELC in culture after 10 to 12 h of exposure to HMBA. Vincristine (VC)-resistant MELC derived from the DS19-SC9 MELC line display increased sensitivity to HMBA and become committed with little or no latent period. In the present study, we showed that the MELC line R1, which is resistant to HMBA-mediated differentiation, became sensitive to inducer if selected for a low level of VC resistance (less than 10 ng of VC per ml). Four independently derived VC-resistant cell lines from HMBA-resistant R1 cells, designated R1[VCR]a to R1[VCR]d, acquired sensitivity to HMBA and the accelerated kinetics of commitment that are characteristic of VC-resistant MELC derived from the parental DS19-SC9 cells. The calcium channel blocker verapamil suppresses the VC resistance of R1[VCR] cells but does not alter the accelerated response to HMBA. In R1[VCR] cells there was no detectable increase in the level of the 140-kilodalton P-glycoprotein. Transient inhibition of protein synthesis during the latent period delays inducer-mediated commitment of VC-sensitive DS19-SC9 MELC but does not alter the accelerated commitment kinetics of R1[VCR]a cells. Previously, we have reported evidence that protein kinase C beta (PKC beta) plays a role in HMBA-induced MELC differentiation and that compared with DS19-SC9 cells, R1 cells have a relatively low level and R1[VCR]a cells have a high level of PKC beta. These findings suggest that (i) acquisition of VC resistance overcomes the block acquired by R1 cells to HMBA-mediated differentiation; (ii) the accelerated kinetics of HMBA-induced commitment of VC-resistant MELC is not dependent on the verapamil-sensitive transport channel that is responsible, at least in part, for resistance to VC; (iii) in VC-resistant MELC, there is constitutive expression or accumulation of a protein required for HMBA-induced differentiation; and (iv) an elevated level of PKC beta activity may play a role in the altered response of R1[VCR] and other VC-resistant MELC to HMBA.
Development of Miniature Sputtering Deposition Equipment for Minimal Fab with HiPIMS Operations (2017)

Minimal fab is a new manufacturing system to suitably fabricate small numbers of semiconductor devices with very low investment. Minimal fab handles a half-inch wafer, and requires that the process equipment is installed in a small regulated chassis. For the minimal fab, sputter deposition equipment was developed. High power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) technology was used for the deposition. The HiPIMS equipment for minimal fab successfully deposit conductive Al films for MOSFET devices. The equipment hardly generated particles that contaminated the fabricated devices. The electrical resistivity of deposited film was 45 nΩm. This resistivity was small enough to work the devices.
Genetic Circuit Performance under Conditions Relevant for Industrial Bioreactors (2012)

Synthetic genetic programs promise to enable novel applications in industrial processes. For such applications, the genetic circuits that compose programs will require fidelity in varying and complex environments. In this work, we report the performance of two synthetic circuits in Escherichia coli under industrially relevant conditions, including the selection of media, strain, and growth rate. We test and compare two transcriptional circuits: an AND and a NOR gate. In E. coli DH10B, the AND gate is inactive in minimal media; activity can be rescued by supplementing the media and transferring the gate into the industrial strain E. coli DS68637 where normal function is observed in minimal media. In contrast, the NOR gate is robust to media composition and functions similarly in both strains. The AND gate is evaluated at three stages of early scale-up: 100 mL shake flask experiments, a 1 mL MTP microreactor, and a 10 L bioreactor. A reference plasmid that constitutively produces a GFP reporter is used to make comparisons of circuit performance across conditions. The AND gate function is quantitatively different at each scale. The output deteriorates late in fermentation after the shift from exponential to constant feed rates, which induces rapid resource depletion and changes in growth rate. In addition, one of the output states of the AND gate failed in the bioreactor, effectively making it only responsive to a single input. Finally, cells carrying the AND gate show considerably less accumulation of biomass. Overall, these results highlight challenges and suggest modified strategies for developing and characterizing genetic circuits that function reliably during fermentation.
Effects of Haptic Feedback and Turbulence on Landing Performance Using an Immersive Cave Automatic Virtual Environment (CAVE) (2003)

An investigation was conducted in which subjects had to land a simulated F-16 aircraft using a CAVE (Cave Automatic Virtual Environment) facility. This was a three-dimensional virtual setting consisting of multiple mirrors, 3-D video-projected displays in a highly stressful environment employing a haptic joystick. 6 subjects learned a task which required landing in wind turbulence with a reduced visual scene. Analyses indicated that during landing, performance error variables which occurred in the same direction as the haptic forces were significantly reduced. This was true, especially when the visual scene was occluded and more reliance on the proprioceptive condition was beneficial.
Preface (2017)

The following topics are dealt with: data visualisation; data analysis; health care; patient care; interactive systems; medical computing; electronic health records; medical image processing; diseases; and patient diagnosis.