gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIPOLYTIC AND OXIDATIVE CHANGES OF BARLEY LIPIDS DURING MALTING AND MASHING (1993)

Lipolytic and oxidative changes of barley lipids were studied during malting and mashing. The amount of lipid decreased by 23% during malting and changes in the composition of lipid classes were minor. On the other hand, during mashing the amount of free fatty acids (FFA) increased which indicated, that lipid hydrolysis had occurred. The same phenomenon was seen when malt flour was soaked in water at 23°C. The triglyceride (TG) and polar lipid (PL) contents were reduced and the proportion of FFA in total lipids was increased. Following similar soaking of barley flour, TG and PL were reduced but the accumulation of FFA and especially linoleic acid (LA) was slight. The results were consistent with the data on lipoxygenase activity (LOX) during malting. During steeping LOX decreased and was 15–20% of the activity of raw barley at the beginning of germination. The activity remained low during germination but rose sharply in the middle of kilning only to decrease again to a very low level at the end of kilning (5%). This in combination with the fact that the proportion of FFA remained high in the soaked malt samples suggests that the oxidation by LOX is negligible in the malt samples. However, the data suggest that mashing of barley, but not that of malt, includes the potential for the formation of highly polar lipid oxidation products.
Random access method with access time distribution scheme (2015)

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication, a promising technology enables ubiquitous connection between massive autonomous devices without human intervention. M2M communication is one of the core technologies supporting data exchange among sensing devices, processing devices, and actuating devices to facilitate various M2M applications (e.g., telematics, smart metering, smart grid, and home/factory/city automation). Machine Type Communication (MTC) is a new service defined by the 3GPP to enable M2M devices to communicate with each other over LTE-Advanced cellular networks. For huge numbers of MTC devices, one of the challenging issues is to provide an efficient way for multiple access in the network. In this paper, we propose a novel scheme named Access Time Distribution (ATD) that can distribute access time to reduce a random access overload. The ATD scheme can be an effective solution that can alleviate the overload problem.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Acetalization of 1,1‐ and 1,2‐Disubstituted Diols as a Common Principle in the Synthesis of the Enantiomers of the Bicyclic Acetal Pheromones endo‐ and exo‐Brevicomin and Frontalin. (1989)

Abstract The acetalization of the diols (I) (obtainable by reaction sequences starting from appropriate oxiranes) with the ketone (II) gives rise to mixtures of the cis‐ (III) and trans‐diastereomers (IV) in ratios depending on the reaction conditions.
Actinomycin D Down-regulates SOX2 Expression and Induces Death in Breast Cancer Stem Cells (2017)

The inhibitory activities of docetaxel at a wide range of doses (0.1-10 mg/kg; subcutaneously (s.c.), once/week) in nude mice bearing a human prostate cancer cell (DU145), xenograft model with implantation of DU145 cells or a DU145 solid tumor were examined. This systematic trial demonstrated that (i) docetaxel was more effective in the xenograft model formed by implantation of DU145 cells than in the solid DU145 tumor; (ii) administration of 2.5 mg/kg docetaxel was the critical dose because inhibitory activities were not observed at 2.5 mg/kg, while they were noted at 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg in both implantation approaches; (iii) edema-like effects (plump body shape and legs) were observed in both groups at 2.5 mg/kg and the tumor sizes, often increased by blood plasma and other fluids, as well as body weights were higher than at other doses; and (iv) suppression of body weight gain was observed at 10 mg/kg docetaxel.
Aedes triseriatusFemales Transovarially Infected With La Crosse Virus Mate More Efficiently Than Uninfected Mosquitoes (2009)

The mating efficiencies (the percentage of females inseminated by males) of field-collected and laboratory-colonized Aedes triseriatus (Say) (Diptera: Culicidae) female mosquitoes transovarially infected or uninfected with La Crosse virus (LACV) were compared. The females were placed in cages with age-matched males, and the insemination rates (number of inseminated females of the total number of females examined) were determined daily by detection of sperm in the spermathecae. LACV-infected mosquitoes typically mated earlier than uninfected mosquitoes, i.e., insemination occurred earlier after the mixing of males and females. LACV load was not correlated with increased insemination.
RETRACTED: Genistein Improves 3-NPA-Induced Memory Impairment in Ovariectomized Rats: Impact of Its Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory and Acetylcholinesterase Modulatory Properties (2015)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The pre-motor symptomatic stages of the disease are commonly characterized by cognitive problems including memory loss. 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a mitochondrial toxin that produces selective lesions in the brain similar to that of HD and was proven to cause memory impairment in rodents. Phytoestrogens have well-established neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects with fewer side effects in comparison to estrogens. This study investigated the potential neuroprotective and memory enhancing effect of genistein (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg), a phytoestrogen, in ovariectomized rats challenged with 3-NPA (20 mg/kg). These potential effects were compared to those of 17β-estradiol (2.5 mg/kg). Systemic administration of 3-NPA for 4 consecutive days impaired locomotor activity, decreased retention latencies in the passive avoidance task, decreased striatal, cortical and hippocampal ATP levels, increased oxidative stress, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions. Pretreatment with genistein and 17β-estradiol attenuated locomotor hypoactivity, increased retention latencies in the passive avoidance task, increased ATP levels, improved the oxidative stress profile, attenuated the increase in AChE activity and decreased the expression of COX-2 and iNOS. Overall, the higher genistein dose (20 mg/kg) was the most effective. In conclusion, this study suggests neuroprotective and memory enhancing effects for genistein in a rat model of HD. These effects might be attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cholinesterase inhibitory activities.
Via Interconnections for Half-Inch Packaging of Electronic Devices Using Minimal Fab Process Tools (2020)

Reliability of a laser-via formation process for Fan-Out Wafer Level Packaging (FOWLP) technology was evaluated using Minimal Fab (MF) that is cleanroom-less and uses a half inch wafer. After a die-bonding and a compression molding process of a half-inch Si wafer, the laser-vias were formed with a diameter of 150 μm by irradiation of an ultra-violet (UV) pulsed laser beam. The measured thickness of the epoxy mold compound (EMC) was 93.9 μm of average with 1.9% of the variation at 1 σ in the half-inch wafer. The bottom diameter of the vias was 51.8 μm and 9.0% of the variation at 1 σ. In order to evaluate the contact-resistance of the vias, Cross-Bridge Kelvin Resistor (CBKR) test-structures were fabricated by the die-bonding the Si wafer with Al or Cu/Ti pads to a 42 alloy substrate, the compression molding, the laser-via, and the redistribution layer (RDL) formation. In case of the Al pads, the via conduction was obtained only in the outer peripheral area. On the other hand, in case of the Cu/Ti pad, the all via conductions were obtained. The high-yield via-interconnections were achieved by using Cu/Ti pads.
Modulation of visible light by AlAs-AlGaAs multiple-quantum-well p-i-n structures (1999)

We report measurements on the modulation of visible light by a multiple-quantum-well (MQW) modulator designed for normal incidence. The MQW structure is composed of AlAs-Al/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As with an Al concentration x=0.41. The structure exhibits an exciton absorption peak at 608 nm in the visible part of the spectrum. The phase and amplitude modulation properties of this structure mere studied using a Michelson interferometer that employed a novel double lock-in detection technique. Phase and amplitude modulation were studied as a function of the wavelength to determine their maxima. In our structure, phase modulation up to 200 and amplitude modulation up to 8% were observed. These values are comparable to what is typically achieved by using waveguide geometry.
Design of Experiments for Factor Hierarchization in Complex Structure Modelling (2013)

Modelling the power-grid network is of fundamental interest to analyse the conducted propagation of unintentional and intentional electromagnetic interferences. The propagation is indeed highly influenced by the channel behaviour. In this paper, we investigate the effects of appliances and the position of cables in a low voltage network. First, the power-grid architecture is described. Then, the principle of Experimental Design is recalled. Next, the methodology is applied to power-grid modelling. Finally, we propose an analysis of the statistical moments of the experimental design results. Several outcomes are provided to describe the effects induced by parameter variability on the conducted propagation of spurious compromising emanations.
In-depth Raman spectroscopy analysis of various parameters affecting the mechanical stress near the surface and bulk of Cu-TSVs (2012)

This paper discusses mechanical stress measured with micro-Raman spectroscopy in the silicon substrate near Cu-Through Silicon Vias (TSV). A discussion of the relation between the observed Raman shift and the various stress tensor components is given, showing that this relation is often wrongly applied, and that in many cases the compressive stress along the vertical axis of the TSV, dominates the Raman results and hides the tensile axial component which is of most relevance for its impact on CMOS devices. The effect of measurement depth, TSV depth and density, and an oxide cap is shown. Both surface and cross-sectional results are discussed. Also a direct correlation between results from Raman measurements and electrical results from FET-arrays near a TSV is given.
Synthesis and Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of Derivatives of the Dual Aromatase–Sulfatase Inhibitor 4‐{[(4‐Cyanophenyl)(4H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐4‐yl)amino]methyl}phenyl sulfamate (2013)

4-{[(4-Cyanophenyl)(4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)amino]methyl}phenyl sulfamate and its ortho-halogenated (F, Cl, Br) derivatives are first-generation dual aromatase and sulfatase inhibitors (DASIs). Structure-activity relationship studies were performed on these compounds, and various modifications were made to their structures involving relocation of the halogen atom, introduction of more halogen atoms, replacement of the halogen with another group, replacement of the methylene linker with a difluoromethylene linker, replacement of the para-cyanophenyl ring with other ring structures, and replacement of the triazolyl group with an imidazolyl group. The most potent in vitro DASI discovered is an imidazole derivative with IC50 values against aromatase and steroid sulfatase in a JEG-3 cell preparation of 0.2 and 2.5 nM, respectively. The parent phenol of this compound inhibits aromatase with an IC50 value of 0.028 nM in the same assay.
High efficiency 45W HPA for space application (2004)

This paper presents the development of a spaceborne high power amplifier module dedicated for application in L Band (l.SCH7,L To achieve breakthrough effiriency the new high breakdown HBZOS HBTprocess of UMS hus been used The inverse F class hus been chosen, ullowing reaching very high performances. The results 45 W / PAE42% for a single SONSOR module is demonsfrated over a typical 75MHz bandwidth. Despite the capabilities of the process to handle with more importunt power densities, the output power hus been intentionally limited to fulfil the channel temperomre standards required in space applications.
Cheveux gris : pas de miracle ! (2001)

Que les personnes qui voient leurs cheveux blancs retrouver les couleurs d'antan ne se rejouissent pas trop vite : cela peut etre le signe clinique revelateur d'un lentigo malin, comme nous l'apprend un cas clinique paru dans le Lancet. C'est son coiffeur qui a signale a ce monsieur, âge de 76 ans, que ses cheveux semblaient se repigmenter sur le cote gauche de son scalp. L'examen clinique montrait une zone d'hyperpigmentation irreguliere au niveau du scalp. La biopsie a revele un epiderme atrophique avec de gros melanocytes situes pres de la lame basale de l'epiderme, envahissant les follicules pileux. L'ensemble s'accompagnait d'une reaction lymphocytaire marquee. Le diagnostic de lentigo malin a conduit a une radiotherapie, et les cheveux ont retrouve leur couleur grise.Dummer R. 2001. Clinical picture : Hair repigmentation in lentigo maligna. Lancet 357 : 598.
An iterative method to evaluate one-dimensional pulsed nonlinear elastic wavefields and mixing of elastic waves in solids (2022)

Over the last 15 years, literature on nondestructive testing has shown that the generation of higher harmonics and nonlinear mixing of waves could be used to obtain the nonlinearity parameters of an elastic medium and thereby gather information about its state, e.g., aging and fatigue. To design ultrasound measurement setups based on these phenomena, efficient numerical modeling tools are needed. In this paper, the iterative nonlinear contrast source method for numerical modeling of nonlinear acoustic waves is extended to the one-dimensional elastic case. In particular, nonlinear mixing of two collinear bulk waves (one compressional, one shear) in a homogeneous, isotropic medium is considered, taking into account its third-order elastic constants ( A, B, and C). The obtained results for nonlinear propagation are in good agreement with a benchmark solution based on the modified Burgers equation. The results for the resonant waves that are caused by the one-way and two-way mixing of primary waves are in quantitative agreement with the results in the literature [Chen, Tang, Zhao, Jacobs, and Qu, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 136(5), 2389-2404 (2014)]. The contrast source approach allows the identification of the propagating and evanescent components of the scattered wavefield in the wavenumber-frequency domain, which provides physical insight into the mixing process and explains the propagation direction of the resonant wave.
Effects of soluble TNF receptor treatment on lipopolysaccharide-induced myocardial cytokine expression (2001)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha plays a key role in the pathogenesis of septic shock syndrome, and myocardial TNF-alpha expression may contribute to this pathophysiology. We examined the myocardial expression of TNF-alpha-related cytokines and chemokines in mice exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and tested the effects of anti-TNF therapy on myocardial cytokine expression. Cytokine mRNA levels were measured by RNase protection assay, and protein levels in the plasma and myocardium were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. LPS (4 microg/g body wt ip) induced marked cytokine expression, including TNF-alpha, interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, in both the plasma and myocardium. Pretreatment with adenovirus-mediated TNF receptor fusion protein (AdTNFR1; 10(9) plaque-forming units iv) decreased plasma cytokine levels. In contrast, whereas myocardial IL-1beta expression was also suppressed, expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 was not inhibited by AdTNFR1. In summary, anti-TNF treatment differentially altered the cytokine expression in the plasma and myocardium during endotoxemia. Inability to block myocardial expression of IL-6 and MCP-1 suggests a possible mechanism for the failure of anti-TNF therapies in the treatment of endotoxin shock.
Programming “Atomic Substitution” in Alloy Colloidal Crystals Using DNA (2022)

Although examples of colloidal crystal analogues to metal alloys have been reported, general routes for preparing 3D analogues to random substitutional alloys do not exist. Here, we use the programmability of DNA (length and sequence) to match nanoparticle component sizes, define parent lattice symmetry and substitutional order, and achieve faceted crystal habits. We synthesized substitutional alloy colloidal crystals with either ordered or random arrangements of two components (Au and Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles) within an otherwise identical parent lattice and crystal habit, confirmed via scanning electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy reveals information regarding composition and local order, while the magnetic properties of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanoparticles can direct different structural outcomes for different alloys in an applied magnetic field. This work constitutes a platform for independently defining substitution within multicomponent colloidal crystals, a capability that will expand the scope of functional materials that can be realized through programmable assembly.
Air filtration mitigates aerosol levels both during and after endoscopy procedures (2023)

Laminar flow theatres are highly effective at dispersing aerosols immediately after production and should be considered for high-risk cases where patients are actively infectious or the supply of personal protective equipment is limited. Portable HEPA filers can safely reduce the fallow time between procedures by 40%.
Méthode d'amélioration de la stabilité de filtres actifs MMIC passebande d'ordre 3 en bande X/Ku (2011)

National audience
Erwachsenenbehandlung: Ein relativ einfacher Fall entwickelt sich ausgesprochen komplex - Eine Lehre in Bescheidenheit (2002)

Eine 41-jährige Frau, die mit ihrer Gesichtsästhetik nicht unzufrieden war, stellte sich mit einer beidseitigen Klasse-II-Molarenbeziehung und einer Klasse-I-Beziehung im rechten bzw. einer Klasse-II-Beziehung im linken Eckzahnbereich vor. Der Overjet betrug 3 mm und der Overbite 0,5 mm bei fehlenden Frontzahnkontakten. Ein oberer rechter Prämolar fehlte aus unbekannten Gründen und die Weisheitszähne waren bereits entfernt worden. Die Mittellinie des Oberkiefers war gegenüber der Gesichtsmitte um 2 mm nach rechts verschoben und die Mittellinie des Unterkiefers wich gegenüber der des Oberkiefers um 3,5 mm nach links ab. Es lagen frontale Engstände in beiden Zahnbögen vor. Der Platzmangel betrug 7 mm im Oberkiefer und 6 mm im Unterkiefer. Gleichzeitig lag eine verstärkte Speekurve vor. Der Oberkiefer war gut positioniert, der Unterkiefer retrognath und der Wert für die Konvexität erhöht. Die Kieferbasen befanden sich in einer skelettalen Klasse-II-Relation bei hyperdivergentem Schädelaufbau. Der Therapieplan sah die Extraktion des oberen linken ersten Prämolaren und des unteren linken ersten Schneidezahnes vor. Nach einer Behandlungsdauer von 4 Monaten entstand von Prämolar zu Prämolar ein frontal offener Biss. Nach 6 Monaten klagte die Patientin über eine veränderte Kinnposition und eine Hyperaktivität des M. mentalis. Es wurde klar, dass die orthodontische Behandlung zu einer Extrusion der Molaren gegen den Widerstand der Kaumuskulatur geführt hatte. Die Behandlung wurde dann auf ein kombiniert kieferorthopädisch-kieferchirurgisches Vorgehen umgestellt, bei der die Maxilla im posterioren Bereich impaktiert und der Unterkiefer vorverlagert wurde.
Traffic-Oblivious Routing in the Hose Model (2011)

Routing traffic subject to hose model constraints has been of much recent research interest. Two-phase routing has been proposed as a mechanism for routing traffic in the hose model. It has desirable properties in being able to statically preconfigure the transport network and in being able to handle constraints imposed by specialized service overlays. In this paper, we investigate whether the desirable properties of two-phase routing come with any resource overhead compared to: 1) direct source-destination path routing; and 2) optimal scheme among the class of all schemes that are allowed to even make the routing dynamically dependent on the traffic matrix. In the pursuit of this endeavor, we achieve several milestones. First, we develop a polynomial-size linear programming (LP) formulation for maximum throughput routing of hose traffic along direct source-destination paths. Second, we develop a polynomial-size LP formulation for maximum throughput two-phase routing of hose traffic for a generalized version of the scheme proposed in our previous work. Third, we develop a polynomial-size LP formulation for minimum-cost two-phase routing of hose traffic for the generalized version of the scheme. We also give a second (simpler) LP formulation and fast combinatorial algorithm for this problem using an upper bound on the end-to-end traffic demand. Fourth, we prove that the throughput (and cost) of two-phase routing is within a factor of 2 of that of the optimal scheme. Using the polynomial-size LP formulations developed, we compare the throughput of two-phase routing to that of direct source-destination path routing and optimal scheme on actual Internet service provider topologies collected for the Rocketfuel project and three research network topologies. The throughput of two-phase routing matches that of direct source-destination path routing and is close to that of the optimal scheme on all evaluated topologies. We conclude that two-phase routing achieves its robustness to traffic variation without imposing any appreciable additional resource requirements over previous approaches.
Time Lapse Videomicroscopic Identification of Dunning R-3327 Adenocarcinoma and Normal Rat Prostate Cells (1987)

A method for accurate prediction of prognosis in human prostatic cancer does not exist. The limitations of pathologic grading systems may result from the failure of standard pathological examination of fixed dead tissue to accurately assess the biological behavior of live tumor cells. Many of the sublines of the Dunning R-3327 rat adenocarcinoma are histologically similar yet differ widely in their metastatic potential. The nonmetastatic G, occasionally metastatic AT-1 and AT-2, and highly metastatic AT-3 and MAT-Lu Dunning sublines, and normal dorsal prostate were grown in culture and filmed by time-lapse videomicroscopy. Cell membrane ruffling, undulation and pseudopodal extension, vectoral translation, irregularity of pathway, and overall subjective motility (gestalt) were visually graded. Intra-assay, intra-observer, and inter-observer reproducibility were 75, 80 and 75% respectively. The combination of ruffling, pseudopodal extension and vectoral translation was most successful in identifying the six sublines. To validate this technique prospectively, five tumor sublines and two normal prostates were graded by 10 observers unfamiliar with the technique. Fifty-nine percent of unknowns were correctly identified when motility profiles were compared to previously developed standards by least sum of squares analysis. We devised a new technique for characterizing the motility of living prostate cells which was more accurate in identifying normal rat prostate and the Dunning sublines than standard pathological examination. Prostatic cancer cell motility may reflect biological behavior and metastatic potential and thus contribute to the assessment of an individual patient's prognosis.