gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single and multi-mode directional lasing from arrays of dielectric\n nanoresonators (2020)

The strong electric and magnetic resonances in dielectric subwavelength\nstructures have enabled unique opportunities for efficient manipulation of\nlight-matter interactions. Besides, the dramatic enhancement of nonlinear\nlight-matter interactions near so-called bound states in the continuum (BICs)\nhas recently attracted enormous attention due to potential advancements in\nall-optical and quantum computing. However, the experimental realizations and\nthe applications of high- Q factor resonances in dielectric resonances in the\nvisible regime have thus far been considerably limited. In this work, we\nexplore the interplay of electric and magnetic dipoles in arrays of dielectric\nnanoresonators to enhance light-matter interaction. We report on the\nexperimental realization of high-Q factor resonances in the visible through the\ncollective diffractive coupling of electric and magnetic dipoles. Providing\ndirect physical insights, we also show that coupling the Rayleigh anomaly of\nthe array with the electric and magnetic dipoles of the individual\nnanoresonators can result in the formation of different types of BICs. We\nutilize the resonances in the visible regime to achieve lasing action at room\ntemperature with high spatial directionality and low threshold. Finally, we\nexperimentally demonstrate multi-mode, directional lasing and study the\nBIC-assisted lasing mode engineering in arrays of dielectric nanoresonators. We\nbelieve that our results enable a new range of applications in flat photonics\nthrough realizing on-chip controllable single and multi-wavelength\nmicro-lasers.\n
Lentiviral Delivery of LMX1a Enhances Dopaminergic Phenotype in Differentiated Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (2008)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) reside in the bone marrow and are known for their ability to differentiate along the mesenchymal lineage (fat, bone, and cartilage). Recent works have suggested the possibility that these cells are also capable of differentiating toward the neuroectodermal lineage. Using lentiviral gene delivery, we sought to reprogram the bone marrow-derived MSCs toward dopaminergic differentiation through delivery of LMX1a, which was reported to be a key player in dopaminergic differentiation in both developmental animal models and embryonic stem cells. Transduction of cells with fluorescent reporter genes confirmed efficiency of gene delivery. On incubation of the LMX1a transduced cells in differentiation medium, the LMX1a protein was concentrated in the cells' nuclei and specific dopaminergic developmental genes were upregulated. Moreover, the transduced cells expressed higher levels of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, and secreted significantly higher level of dopamine in comparison to nontransduced cells. We hereby present a novel strategy to facilitate the dopaminergic differentiation of bone marrow-derived MSCs as a possible cell source for autologous transplantation for Parkinsonian patients in the future.
New method for lifetime evaluation of gate oxide damaged by plasma processing (1995)

A quantitative model is proposed, clarifying the relationship between the charge-to-breakdown with constant current injection (Q/sub bd/) and the time-to-breakdown with constant-voltage stress (t/sub bd/) for gate oxides damaged by plasma processing. By including the dependence of Q/sub bd/ on the stress current density, one can predict the t/sub bd/ by means of counting the fraction of the lifetime expenditure; J/spl Delta/t/Q/sub bd/(J), where J is the current density at each period (/spl Delta/t) under constant-voltage stressing, until the sum of the ratio is unity. The results show good agreement for the oxides of MOS capacitors with different gate areas. This method is useful for projection of the oxide lifetime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polymer-Based Wireless Resonant Magnetic Microrobots (2013)

This paper presents a new generation of wireless resonant magnetic microactuator (WRMMA) type microrobot, named PolyMite. A polymer is used as a spring material in the design of the PolyMite. Compared with the previous generation of such devices, the use of a polymer, i.e., SU-8, as a spring material enables the design of a stable spring system without a significant increase in stiffness. A speed of over 20 mm/s (40 body lengths per second) was measured when the PolyMite was driven in air. Micromanipulation abilities of the PolyMites in wet environments have also been demonstrated. The agents were capable of transporting microobjects such as light polystyrene beads and heavier glass beads in water. The large output force, remote actuation, and biocompatible outer surface (SU-8 and gold) make the PolyMite an exciting candidate for biomedical applications.
From first fibers to mode-division multiplexing (Invited Paper) (2016)

This Review focuses on optical transmission fibers and the high-capacity systems operating thereon. It attempts to combine key lessons learned from the 50-year history of low-loss optical fibers with views on future fiber and systems requirements, discussing likely evolution paths and potential pitfalls in resolving the optical network capacity crunch.
Phospholipase D1 Couples CD4+ T Cell Activation to c-Myc-Dependent Deoxyribonucleotide Pool Expansion and HIV-1 Replication (2015)

Quiescent CD4+ T cells restrict human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection at early steps of virus replication. Low levels of both deoxyribonucleotide triphosphates (dNTPs) and the biosynthetic enzymes required for their de novo synthesis provide one barrier to infection. CD4+ T cell activation induces metabolic reprogramming that reverses this block and facilitates HIV-1 replication. Here, we show that phospholipase D1 (PLD1) links T cell activation signals to increased HIV-1 permissivity by triggering a c-Myc-dependent transcriptional program that coordinates glucose uptake and nucleotide biosynthesis. Decreasing PLD1 activity pharmacologically or by RNA interference diminished c-Myc-dependent expression during T cell activation at the RNA and protein levels. PLD1 inhibition of HIV-1 infection was partially rescued by adding exogenous deoxyribonucleosides that bypass the need for de novo dNTP synthesis. Moreover, the data indicate that low dNTP levels that impact HIV-1 restriction involve decreased synthesis, and not only increased catabolism of these nucleotides. These findings uncover a unique mechanism of action for PLD1 inhibitors and support their further development as part of a therapeutic combination for HIV-1 and other viral infections dependent on host nucleotide biosynthesis.
MOS controlled current interruption as a turn off mechanism for thyristors (2005)

Numerical simulator PISCES-IIB was used to simulate a MOS controlled thyristor structure similar to a DMT[I]. Simulation shows that MOS channel depletion by a transversal gate voltage is not a viable mechanism for tuni 'off. Even so successful forced gate turn off is still observed under some conditions. Detailed study confirms the concIiision[6] that it is the MOS controlled current interruption, resulting front the discharging of the kOS gate, which is responsible for the turn off of the simulated thyristor structure.
Pharmacology and Therapeutic Potential of Benzothiazole Analogues for Cocaine Use Disorder (2023)

The dopamine D4 receptor (D4R), a G protein-coupled receptor, is predominantly expressed in brain regions that control cognition, attention, and decision making. Previous studies have indicated that D4R-targeted ligands could be promising therapeutic targets for the treatment of several neuropsychiatric conditions, including substance use disorders (SUDs). There are currently no FDA-approved medications that selectively target D4Rs. New ligands may facilitate better understanding of the role of D4R-mediated signaling in drug-taking and drug-seeking behaviors. The present study focuses on the synthesis and evaluation of a novel series of benzothiazole analogues designed to target D4R. We identified several compounds with high D4R binding affinity (Ki ≤ 6.87 nM) and >91-fold selectivity over other D2-like receptors (D2R, D3R) with diverse partial agonist and antagonist profiles. Based on receptor affinity and functional analyses, 5f was identified as a potent low-efficacy partial agonist of the D4R and selected for further investigation. 5f was metabolically stable in rat and human liver microsome assays and displayed excellent brain penetration in rats. Using a within-session multidosing procedure, 5f (5, 15 and 30 mg/kg, i.p.) dose-dependently decreased i.v. infusions of three-unit doses of cocaine under a fixed-ratio (FR) FR3 schedule of reinforcement. These results are consistent with previous results produced by D4R-selective antagonists in SUD models, however off-target antagonism of 5-HT2A or 5-HT2B receptors may also contribute to these effects. Results with compound 5f support further efforts to target D4R in the treatment of SUDs. Further development of the benzothiazole scaffold may engineer out any serotonergic activity.
Inter-Method Discrepancies in Brain Volume Estimation May Drive Inconsistent Findings in Autism (2016)

Previous studies applying automatic preprocessing methods on Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging (sMRI) report inconsistent neuroanatomical abnormalities in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In this study we investigate inter-method differences as a possible cause behind these inconsistent findings. In particular, we focus on the estimation of the following brain volumes: gray matter (GM), white matter (WM), cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and total intra cranial volume (TIV). T1-weighted sMRIs of 417 ASD subjects and 459 typically developing controls (TDC) from the ABIDE dataset were estimated using three popular preprocessing methods: SPM, FSL, and FreeSurfer (FS). Brain volumes estimated by the three methods were correlated but had significant inter-method differences; except TIV<sub>SPM</sub> vs. TIV<sub>FS</sub>, all inter-method differences were significant. ASD vs. TDC group differences in all brain volume estimates were dependent on the method used. SPM showed that TIV, GM, and CSF volumes of ASD were larger than TDC with statistical significance, whereas FS and FSL did not show significant differences in any of the volumes; in some cases, the direction of the differences were opposite to SPM. When methods were compared with each other, they showed differential biases for autism, and several biases were larger than ASD vs. TDC differences of the respective methods. After manual inspection, we found inter-method segmentation mismatches in the cerebellum, sub-cortical structures, and inter-sulcal CSF. In addition, to validate automated TIV estimates we performed manual segmentation on a subset of subjects. Results indicate that SPM estimates are closest to manual segmentation, followed by FS while FSL estimates were significantly lower. In summary, we show that ASD vs. TDC brain volume differences are method dependent and that these inter-method discrepancies can contribute to inconsistent neuroimaging findings in general. We suggest cross-validation across methods and emphasize the need to develop better methods to increase the robustness of neuroimaging findings.
Acupuncture Treatments for Post-stroke Depression: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis (2021)

Abstract Background: Depression is one of the most common complications after stroke, with a prevalence of 30-33%. Patients with post-stroke depression (PSD) usually experience anxiety, hopelessness, and insomnia, which have a negative impact on their daily activities and post-stroke rehabilitation. In this review, we aimed to explore the impact of acupuncture in alleviating symptoms of PSD and to evaluate the difference in effectiveness between acupuncture combined with pharmacotherapies and various non-pharmacotherapies in order to provide guides and advice for clinical personnel. Methods: Six databases (Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Chongqing VIP Database) and two clinical trials registration platforms were searched from inception to May 2021. Randomized clinical trials (RCTs) comparing needle-based acupuncture with pharmacotherapy, and other non-pharmacotherapy or invalid group were included. Two independent reviewers identified eligible studies. Two reviewers independently abstracted and recorded data into a pre-made form. A Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) was conducted to assess and compare different techniques using RStudio 3.6.0. The primary outcome was the change in scores of scales measuring depressive symptoms. The secondary outcomes were changes in serotonin levels and in quality of life. Results: Fifty-nine RCTs were included. The results of this NMA showed that compared with western medicine (WM), acupuncture alone or with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (RTMS), Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) alone or with WM, were superior for alleviating depression symptoms. Compared to Usual Care, acupuncture alone or plus other therapies could significantly decrease scores of the Hamilton Depression Rating scale. However, there was no significant difference found among acupuncture, WM, TCM with AC plus any of other treatment. Conclusions: The results of this study indicate that acupuncture alone or combined with other therapies appear to be effective in improving depression symptoms of stroke survivors. Moreover, in comparison with WM, acupuncture alone or plus RTMS, TCM, TCM with WM, or WM, were more effective in improving depression symptoms. Also, acupuncture with RTMS seems to be the most effective with the highest probability.
A Family of Novel Cyclophilins, Conserved in the Mimivirus Genus of the Giant DNA Viruses (2018)

The cyclophilin (abbreviated here as CYN) family represents a large group of protein prolyl isomerase (PPIase), many of which are also chaperones that promote proper folding of a large variety of client proteins. Over the past few years, megaviruses with giant DNA genomes were discovered and placed in the order <i>Megavirales</i>. Recently, the first complete genome sequence of <i>Acanthamoebaae polyphaga</i> mimivirus, a member of the <i>Mimiviridae</i> family of the <i>Megavirales</i> order, revealed a novel CYN that lacked PPIase activity and contained unique peptide insertions. To examine the universality of this unique CYN, I have reviewed and compared all CYN sequences found in the <i>Megavirales</i> genomes that are currently available. The results showed that multiple unique sequence features are indeed highly conserved in CYNs of all members of the <i>Mimivirus</i> genus, whereas viruses of the other genera of this family encode canonical CYNs only. Overall, the primary structures of all Mimivirus CYNs were highly similar, but different from those in the other genera, although the higher order structures were conserved across genera. In summary, this review establishes a family of novel but conserved cyclophilins that occur in a single viral genus.
The Primary Leaf Catalase Gene from Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana sylvestris (1994)

Large amounts of hydrogen peroxide are generated in C3 plants by the glycolate oxidase reaction during the photorespiratory pathway of photosynthesis (Zelitch, 1992), and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6)in peroxisomes of leaves functions in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.The major tobacco leaf catalase, CAT-1, reaches a maximum leve1 about 15 d postgermination, and a minor isozyme, CAT-3, with enhanced peroxidatic activity is also present (Havir and McHale, 1987).A tobacco mutant has been identified with more catalase protein than wild type and an increased catalase activity of about 40% (Zelitch et al., 1991).The mutant has increased net photosynthesis when photorespiration is rapid (Zelitch, 1992).Additional interest in the role of catalase arises from recent reports of its function in a plant defense mechanism against a broad range of pathogens (Chen et al., 1993) and in resistance to chilling-induced stress in maize seedlings (Prassad et al., 1994).To enable us to produce transgenic plants with elevated and depressed levels of leaf catalase, we have isolated and characterized a full-length cDNA clone (1.9 kb) from Nicotiana tabacum (2n = 48) and a partial cDNA (1.4 kb) from Nicotiana sylvestris (2n = 24), one of the ancestral diploids of '
Design and evaluation of real-time communication for FieldBus-based manufacturing systems (1996)

It is well known that the ability to support predictable interprocess communication is of great significance to computer-integrated manufacturing and process control systems. In this paper, we propose a strategy for an industrial standard, the SP-50 FieldBus, to support both intracell and intercell real-time communications. We first describe our strategy in detail and show that it is compatible with the current FieldBus draft standard. Under our strategy, the capacity of each link is divided into two parts, The first part is managed by the local link active scheduler for intracell (intralink) communication. The second part is managed by a proposed global network manager for intercell (interlink) communication. By dividing the link capacity in this way, our strategy allows for fast local intracell connection establishment, while supporting global intercell connections. Using two examples, one for typical manufacturing systems and the other for multimedia networking, we also demonstrate the power and utility of the proposed strategy as compared to token-passing protocols.
Color imaging sensors with perovskite alloys (Conference Presentation) (2020)

Image sensing technology has a great impact on our daily life as well as the entire society, such as health, safety and security, communication systems, and entertainment. The conventional optical color sensors consist of side by side arranged optical filters for three basic colors (blue, green, and red). Hence, the efficiency of such optical color sensors is limited by only 33%. In this study, a vertically stacked color sensor is investigated with perovskite alloys, which has the potential to provide the efficiency approaching 100%. The proposed optical sensor will not be limited by color Moire error or color aliasing. Perovskite materials with suitable bandgaps are determined by applying the energy shifting model and the optical constants are used for further investigations. Quantum efficiencies and spectral responsivities of the described color sensors are investigated by three-dimensional electromagnetic simulations. Investigated spectral sensitivities are further analyzed for the
Interferon-based agents for current and future viral respiratory infections: A scoping literature review of human studies (2022)

The interferon (IFN) system is a potent line of defense against viral infections. IFN-based agents already tested may be of use in COVID-19 or future viral respiratory outbreaks. Here we review the comparative efficacy, safety/tolerability, and future potential of IFN-based therapeutics. We reviewed human studies in which IFN or IFN pathway-interacting agents were used for viral respiratory infections. We identified 977 articles, of which 194 were included for full-text review. Of these, we deemed 35 articles to be relevant. The use of IFN-based agents for pre-exposure prophylaxis (n = 19) and treatment (n = 15) were most common, with intranasal (n = 22) as the most common route. We found IFN-α (n = 23) was used most often, and rhinovirus (n = 14) was the most common causative agent. Studies demonstrated mixed efficacy but generally positive safety and tolerability. Host-directed therapies, such as IFN or IFN inducers, are worthy of additional research to target viral respiratory infections lacking direct-acting antivirals.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Photodynamics of π-Expanded Porphyrin−Fullerene Dyads Synthesized by Diels−Alder Reaction (2010)

Free base and zinc porphyrins are linked with fullerene (C(60)) through β,β'-pyrrolic positions rather than meso-positions by Diels-Alder reaction of monoanthraporphyrins (H(2)P-mA and ZnP-mA) and C(60) to afford a π-expanded free base porphyrin-fullerene dyad (H(2)P-C(60)) and its zinc porphyrin-fullerene dyad (ZnP-C(60)) in 86 and 51% yield, respectively. The X-ray crystallographic analysis of ZnP-C(60) showed two comma-shaped swirls-like structure in a unit cell. The intramolecular center-to-center and edge-to-edge distances between the porphyrin and fullerene moieties were 11.5 and 2.5 Å, respectively. The porphyrins and fullerenes were packed in layer-by-layer structure and the porphyrins lied down in parallel. The intermolecular center-to-center distances between the neighboring fullerenes were 10.252, 10.028, and 10.129 Å, which were less than typical van der Waals distance and the π-π interaction spread two-dimensionally. The energy of the charge-separated (CS) state of ZnP-C(60) (1.11 eV) determined by differential-pulse voltammetry measurements in benzonitrile is significantly lower than those of zinc porphyrin-C(60) dyads linked at meso positions because of the low oxidation potential of the π-expanded ZnP moiety. The CS energy of ZnP-C(60) in a nonpolar solvent such as toluene (1.40 V) is lower than the triplet excited state of C(60) ((3)C(60)*), enabling us to attain a long lived triplet CS state (8.1 μs) in toluene, detected by nanosecond laser flash photolysis experiments. The distance between unpaired electrons in the triplet CS state was determined by the EPR spectrum to be 9.1 Å, which agreed with the distance between a zinc atom of the porphyrin and a carbon edge of C(60) in the crystal structure of ZnP-C(60). The rate constants of photoinduced electron transfer and back electron transfer of H(2)P-C(60) and ZnP-C(60), which were determined by femtosecond and nanosecond laser flash photolysis measurements, were analyzed in light of the Marcus theory of electron transfer.
<title>Dexterity optimization by port placement in robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery</title> (2002)

A computer-based algorithm has been developed which uses preoperative images to provide a surgeon with a list of feasible port triplets ranked according to tool dexterity and endoscopic view quality at each surgical site involved in a procedure. A computer simulation allows the surgeon to select from among the proposed port locations. The procedure selected for the development of the system consists of a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). In this procedure, the interior mammary artery (IMA) is mobilized from the interior chest wall, and one end is attached to the coronary arteries to provide a new blood supply for the heart. Approximately 10-20 cm is dissected free, using blunt dissection and a harmonic scalpel or electrocautery. At present, the port placement system is being evaluated in clinical trials.
Real-time visualization of two-photon fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy using a wavelength-tunable femtosecond pulsed laser (2018)

A fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) integrated with two-photon excitation technique was developed. A wavelength-tunable femtosecond pulsed laser with nominal pulse repetition rate of 76-MHz was used to acquire FLIM images with a high pixel rate of 3.91 MHz by processing the pulsed two-photon fluorescence signal. Analog mean-delay (AMD) method was adopted to accelerate the lifetime measurement process and to visualize lifetime map in real-time. As a result, rapid tomographic visualization of both structural and chemical properties of the tissues was possible with longer depth penetration and lower photo-damage compared to the conventional single-photon FLIM techniques.
Synthesis and characterization of cubic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (2005)

The preparation of approximately 20 g cubic cobalt ferrite nanoparticles (edge length 30-60 nm) with composition CoxFe3-xO4 (0.85 center dot x center dot 1.00 +/- 0.02) using the co-precipitation m ...