gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of open-type PET scanners with single-ring and dual ring geometries (2016)

105 Objectives One of the challenging applications of PET is implementing it for in-beam PET, which is an in situ monitoring method for charged particle therapy. For this purpose, we have previously proposed two possible geometries for open-type PET scanners named OpenPET. Following our initial proposal of the dual-ring OpenPET (DROP) in 2008, we developed a prototype with an open gap of 9-cm width between two detector rings in 2014. The DROP prototype had a wide axial field-of-view (FOV) including the gap. On the other hand, in 2011, we proposed the single-ring OpenPET (SROP), which is expect to be more efficient than DROP in terms of sensitivity and width of the open gap. In this paper, we developed a SROP prototype and compared it with the DROP prototype. Methods The DROP prototype has two separated rings with 66 cm diameter and 160 depth-of-interaction (DOI) detectors are used. On the other hand, the SROP prototype is based on the axial shift geometry, in which block detectors originally forming a conventional PET scanner (66 cm in diameter) are axially shifted little by little to obtain the large open gap of 43-cm width. The same number of the same DOI detectors is used. We measured the system sensitivity and spatial resolutions from a 22Na point source for both SROP and DROP prototypes. Next, we carried out in-beam imaging tests using the SROP prototype. The PMMA phantom was placed in the center of the FOV. Irradiation time was about 10 s and 3 Gy was given by a 12C pencil beam (108 particles per second). 20-min PET measurements were started immediately after irradiation. Images were generated by the MAP-EM algorithm. Results System sensitivities of the DROP and SROP prototypes were 4.4% for the 9-cm gap and 3.3% for the 43-cm gap, respectively. Predicted system sensitivity of the DROP with the open gap of 43-cm width was 2.1%, which indicates better potential efficiency than for the SROP. Average spatial resolution of 2 mm was obtained for both prototypes although the detectors of the SROP prototype are arranged in an ellipsoidal ring. Phantom study results for the 12C pencil beam irradiation with clinical beam intensity showed stability for practical use of the SROP for visualization of the irradiation field. Conclusions We developed the SROP prototype dedicated to in-beam particle therapy imaging. The SROP prototype has higher sensitivity and wider open gap than the DROP prototype.
Specific Regulatory Actions of Dihydrotestosterone and Estradiol on the Dynamics of FSH Secretion and Clearance in Humans (1991)

The authors investigated immunoactive and bioactive follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion and clearance in six healthy young men during steady-state infusions of vehicle (basal, B, 28 hours), dihydrotestosterone (DHT, 4.5 days), or estradiol (4.5 days) accompanied by blood sampling at 10-minute intervals for 28 hours. Serum FSH concentrations were assayed by a two-site immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) and two separate in vitro bioassays (rat granulosa and Sertoli cell systems). FSH measurements included: 24-hour mean serum concentrations (IRMA and bioassay), multiple-parameter deconvolution of 24-hour pulsatile FSH time series and FSH release in response to exogenous gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) boluses (IRMA) to assess secretion and clearance, and circadian serum FSH concentration rhythms by cosinor analysis (IRMA). We found: 1) a significant decrease in 24-hour mean IRMA FSH concentrations during DHT infusion while both in vitro estimates of FSH bioactivity were unchanged; 2) significant decreases in the mass of IRMA FSH secreted per 24 hours during DHT infusion; 3) significant decreases in the IRMA FSH half-life during estradiol infusion without any change in FSH interpulse interval; 4) no steroidal effects on FSH secretory responses to exogenous GnRH; and 5) abolition of basal circadian FSH rhythms during sex-steroid infusions. Based on these findings, we conclude that steady-state sex-steroid hormone infusions selectively alter IRMA FSH secretion and clearance without affecting IRMA FSH pulse frequency or mean concentrations of bioactive FSH.
Capillary electrophoresis‐electrospray‐mass spectrometry of nucleosides and nucleotides: Application to phosphorylation studies of anti‐human immunodeficiency virus nucleosides in a human hepatoma cell line (2005)

We report the use of capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (CE-ESI-MS) for the determination of antiretroviral dideoxynucleosides (ddNs), their nucleotides, and a set of ribonucleosides and ribonucleotides. A CE system for separation of most commonly used antiretroviral ddNs has been developed based on a basic buffer with a volatile electrolyte suitable for ESI-MS detection in an untreated capillary column. Positive and negative ionization modes are investigated and compared for sensitive and stable electrospray performance. A 14-compound mixture of nucleosides and nucleotides is profiled in a single capillary zone electrophoresis separation with a distinct elution order: electroosmotic flow, ddNs, mononucleotides, dinucleotides, and trinucleotides in less than 18 min. The fragmentation pathways of the nucleosides and nucleotides in ESI-MS have been interpreted. Concentration limits of detection are 100 to 200 nM with an injection volume of approximately 10 nL. This technique has been used to detect naturally occurring nucleotides and to study the metabolism of lamivudine (3TC) in the human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. 3TC and its metabolites 3TC-monophosphate, 3TC-diphosphate, and 3TC-triphosphate were detected after 10 h of incubation of 3TC with the cells.
TPA and butyrate increase cell sensitivity to the vacuolating toxin of Helicobacter pylori (1998)

The Helicobacter pylori toxin VacA induces large membrane-bound vacuolar compartments of late endosomal/lysosomal origin. Pre-treatment of cells with TPA and butyrate enhances the toxin induced vacuolisation up to 20 times, depending on the cell line, whereas other differentiating factors such as DMSO, EGF, valeric and retinoic acid have no effect. The higher toxin sensitivity induced by TPA does not result from an increased surface binding or endocytosis. The effect of TPA is apparent after several hours from addition and is inhibited by a PKC specific inhibitor. These data suggest that expression of cellular proteins, other than the toxin receptor(s), influences the vacuolating activity of VacA and may contribute to the sensitivity of different cell lines. The present findings define the most sensitive in vitro assay of the activity of VacA.
Contrasting effects of presynaptic α2-adrenergic autoinhibition and pharmacologic augmentation of presynaptic inhibition on sympathetic heart rate control (2008)

Presynaptic alpha2-adrenergic receptors are known to exert feedback inhibition on norepinephrine release from the sympathetic nerve terminals. To elucidate the dynamic characteristics of the inhibition, we stimulated the right cardiac sympathetic nerve according to a binary white noise signal while measuring heart rate (HR) in anesthetized rabbits (n = 6). We estimated the transfer function from cardiac sympathetic nerve stimulation to HR and the corresponding step response of HR, with and without the blockade of presynaptic inhibition by yohimbine (1 mg/kg followed by 0.1 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) iv). We also examined the effect of the alpha2-adrenergic receptor agonist clonidine (0.3 and 1.5 mg.kg(-1).h(-1) iv) in different rabbits (n = 5). Yohimbine increased the maximum step response (from 7.2 +/- 0.8 to 12.2 +/- 1.7 beats/min, means +/- SE, P < 0.05) without significantly affecting the initial slope (0.93 +/- 0.23 vs. 0.94 +/- 0.22 beats.min(-1).s(-1)). Higher dose but not lower dose clonidine significantly decreased the maximum step response (from 6.3 +/- 0.8 to 6.8 +/- 1.0 and 2.8 +/- 0.5 beats/min, P < 0.05) and also reduced the initial slope (from 0.56 +/- 0.07 to 0.51 +/- 0.04 and 0.22 +/- 0.06 beats.min(-1).s(-1), P < 0.05). Our findings indicate that presynaptic alpha2-adrenergic autoinhibition limits the maximum response without significantly compromising the rapidity of effector response. In contrast, pharmacologic augmentation of the presynaptic inhibition not only attenuates the maximum response but also results in a sluggish effector response.
Speech processing and retrieval in a personal memory aid system for the elderly (2011)

The paper presents a new application of automatic speech processing in the Ambient Assisted Living area, developed in the course of a three year research project. Recording and automatic processing of spoken conversations plays a major role in this solution enabling effective search in a personal audio archive and fast browsing of conversations. Processing of elderly conversational speech recorded by a distant PDA microphone poses a great challenge. The speech processing flow includes transcription, speaker tracking and combined indexing and search of spoken terms and participating speakers identity extracted from the audio. We present the entire application and individual speech processing components as well as evaluation results of the individual components and of the end-to-end spoken information retrieval solution.
A model for fusion and code motion in an automatic parallelizing compiler (2010)

Loop fusion has been studied extensively, but in a manner isolated from other transformations. This was mainly due to the lack of a powerful intermediate representation for application of compositions of high-level transformations. Fusion presents strong interactions with parallelism and locality. Currently, there exist no models to determine good fusion structures integrated with all components of an auto-parallelizing compiler. This is also one of the reasons why all the benefits of optimization and automatic parallelization of long sequences of loop nests spanning hundreds of lines of code have never been explored.
Robust Adaptive Beamformer With Feasibility Constraint On The Steering Vector (2006)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Florence, Italy, 2006
Personalized In-Vehicle Information Systems: Building an Application Infrastructure for Smart Cars in Smart Spaces (2012)

Although intelligent components in modern cars help to contribute to safe mobility, they lack important Smart Environment characteristics like personalization. Moreover, today's in-vehicle infotainment systems do not offer any interaction possibility between the passenger and the visible environment around the car. In this paper we combine several technologies and propose an approach on personalized user interaction in urban environments. We present a showcase that points out the interplay of personalized in-vehicle infotainment system and interaction with visible outside environment.
CMB-S4 Science Case, Reference Design, and Project Plan (2019)

The Relational Dynamics of Space-Time is a groundbreaking theory that redefines space-time as an emergent and discrete structure, arising from fundamental interactions between elementary entities. Rooted in the principle that “nothing is empty, nothing is solitary; interactions define reality”, this theory challenges the notion of a pre-existing, continuous space-time and introduces a relational framework for its origin and dynamics. The model organizes these interactions into three fundamental levels: Binary interactions, responsible for local equilibrium and structural stability. Triple interactions, introducing dynamical complexity and non-linear emergent patterns. Higher-order interactions, which describe extreme fluctuations and intrinsic granularity at quantum scales. The resulting emergent space-time metric, constructed from these interactions, rigorously recovers the classical solutions of General Relativity (GR)—such as the Schwarzschild, Kerr, and FLRW metrics—at macroscopic scales. Furthermore, the theory resolves gravitational singularities predicted by GR. In black holes and the early universe, regions of infinite curvature are regularized through quantum fluctuations, ensuring physical consistency. Critically, the theory makes testable predictions, including observable deviations in gravitational waves, non-Gaussian signatures in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), and oscillatory corrections at black hole event horizons. These features make the model falsifiable and ripe for experimental verification. By addressing the limitations of GR while maintaining its proven successes, The Relational Dynamics of Space-Time offers a consistent and elegant path toward a unified theory of quantum gravity, connecting classical and quantum regimes through a fundamentally relational and emergent perspective.
Chemical vapor deposition growth and photodetector performance of lead-free all-inorganic crystalline Cs3Sb2X9 (X = I, Br) perovskite thin films (2023)

Lead-free inorganic halide perovskites are non toxic and stable with unique properties making them suitable for many optoelectronic devices. We fabricated photodetectors with their thin films which demonstrated excellent photodetection performance.
Bioengineering of elastic cartilage with aggregated porcine and human auricular chondrocytes and hydrogels containing alginate, collagen, and ?-elastin (1999)

Transplantation of isolated chondrocytes has long been acknowledged as a potential method for rebuilding small defects in damaged or deformed cartilages. Recent advances in tissue engineering permit us to focus on production of larger amounts of cartilaginous tissue, such as might be needed for reconstructive surgery of the entire auricle. In this report we describe modification of the basic techniques that lead to production of a large amount of elastic cartilage originated from porcine and human isolated chondrocytes. Small fragments of auricular cartilage were harvested from children undergoing ear reconstruction for microtia or extirpation of preauricular tags and from ears of juvenile pigs. Enzymatically isolated elastic chondrocytes were then agitated in suspension to form the chondronlike aggregates, which were further embedded in molded hydrogel constructs made of alginate and type I collagen augmented with kappa-elastin. The constructs were then implanted in nude mice and harvested 4 and 12 weeks after heterotransplantation. The resulting neocartilage closely resembled native auricular cartilage at the gross, microscopic, and ultrastructural levels. Immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy additionally confirmed that the newly produced cartilage contained the major components of the elastic cartilage-specific matrix, including collagen type II, proteoglycans, and well-assembled elastic fibers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Oxadecalones via the Lewis Acid Catalyzed Dihydropyrone Diels—Alder Reaction. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
2-D transform-domain resolution translation (2000)

The extensive use of discrete transforms in image and video coding suggests the investigation on filtering before downsampling (FBDS) and filtering after upsampling (FAUS) methods directly acting on the transform domain. We describe the "transform-damain resolution translation" technique that gives flexibility to resize windows of each video conferencing session for a server compositing without explicit decompression, spatial domain processing, and compression. We generalize transform-domain filtering (TDF) to include nonuniform and multirate cases to implement the transform-domain resolution translator. The former is defined as a TDF problem in which the original transform-domain is of different size from the target one, while the latter considers the implementation of sampling rate conversion in the transform-domain. The implementation architecture is based on a pipeline that involves matrix-vector product blocks and vector addition, but is not limited to particular hardware. Such techniques are particularly useful for fast algorithms for processing compressed images and video where transform coding is extensively used (e.g., in JPEG, H.261, MPEG-1, MPEG-2, and H.363).
Biosensing with polydiacetylene materials: structures, optical properties and applications (2007)

Polydiacetylene (PDA) materials are used as a platform for detection of biological analytes such as microorganisms, viruses and proteins. The environmentally responsive chromic and emissive properties of the polymer, combined with self-assembled material formats, make these materials particularly attractive for biosensing applications. A variety of approaches have been used in developing these materials and demonstrating their potential for biological detection. In this feature article we describe different PDA material formats, discuss the optical properties that are the basis for signal generation, and review the use of PDA for biosensing.
Marchenko-based immersive wave simulation (2018)

Seismic modelling and inversion often require the calculation of many closely related forward problems. If model perturbations are restricted to a small subvolume, a local wave solver can be an efficient alternative to a wave simulation performed on the entire model. We present a method for immersive wave simulation which, unlike previous methods, does not require explicit knowledge of reflectors in the background medium outside the simulated target area. The information about the background medium is contained in Green’s functions which provide the interactions of the wave simulation with its surrounding background. These Green’s functions are derived with the Marchenko scheme, using surface reflection data, a smooth velocity model and density information of the simulated area. Once they are available we can introduce arbitrary perturbations in the target area. This allows for an efficient simulation of a suite of models that differ in the target area, but are unchanged elsewhere. The wave simulation is fully coupled with its surroundings, including all orders of multiple scattering, but we assume preferential vertical wave propagation when using the Marchenko scheme. We can further use the Marchenko-derived overburden transmission response to calculate reflection responses measured at the acquisition surface with the perturbed target area. This calculation however requires availability of additional amplitude information.
Fieldable Nuclear Material Identification System (2010)

The Fieldable Nuclear Material Identification System (FNMIS), funded by the NA-241 Office of Dismantlement and Transparency, provides information to determine the material attributes and identity of heavily shielded nuclear objects. This information will provide future treaty participants with verifiable information required by the treaty regime. The neutron interrogation technology uses a combination of information from induced fission neutron radiation and transmitted neutron imaging information to provide high confidence that the shielded item is consistent with the host's declaration. The combination of material identification information and the shape and configuration of the item are very difficult to spoof. When used at various points in the warhead dismantlement sequence, the information complimented by tags and seals can be used to track subassembly and piece part information as the disassembly occurs. The neutron transmission imaging has been developed during the last seven years and the signature analysis over the last several decades. The FNMIS is the culmination of the effort to put the technology in a usable configuration for potential treaty verification purposes.
Effects of Stacking Method on Pressure Loss and Heat Transfer Characteristics in Stacked Wire Gauze (2004)

The regenerator is the regenerative heat exchanger that greatly influences the performance of the Stirling cycle machines. The stacked wire gauze of which a balance of flow loss and heat transfer characteristics is good, is often utilized for this regenerator matrix. The stacking method of the wire gauze is a method for perpendicularly stacking for the flow of the working gas. Therefore, the basic characteristics of stacked wire gauze reported, was only perpendicular stacked wire gauze. However, the method stacking parallel to the flow of the working gas is also considered. In this study, in order to grasp the basic characteristics of parallel stacked wire gauze, the effect of the stacking method on basic characteristics is examined experimentally. So, on pressure loss, the superiority of the parallel stack wire gauze has been confirmed. On heat transfer characteristic, the superiority of the perpendicular stack wire gauze has been done. The overall characteristic of the stacked wire gauze of two kinds is compared.
Car reliability analysis based on periodic technical tests (2021)

Abstract This article presents the results of the analysis of data from 500 vehicle control stations concerning periodic tests of passenger cars in the number of 2 million. Based on the collected data, a database of vehicles has been prepared to cover technical information, such as model, mass, engine capacity and maximum power. This information has been summarized with the exploitation data such as age of the car, distance traveled, the area in which the vehicle was most frequently used, the use for business or private purposes, and intensity of operation that was measured by the ratio of kilometers traveled to the age of the car. This information constituted a set of factors affecting the reliability of the car. Information about reliability itself was the results of control tests, including occurring defects and their significance. The occurring defects were codified, which allowed their allocation to particular categories describing car systems, such as steering, braking and driving. While the significance of the fault resulted from the test result: positive (minor defects) or negative (important defects). This article presents a factor and the correlation analysis of the database, which assesses which construction and operating factors have a significant impact on damages occurring in individual car systems.
ChemInform Abstract: Garner′s Aldehyde as a Versatile Intermediate in the Synthesis of Enantiopure Natural Products (2014)

Abstract Review: 115 refs.
Sensitive fluorogenic substrates for plasmepsin 2 (2000)

Abstract: Structural Biochemistry Program, SAIC Frederick, National Cancer Institute-Frederick Cancer Research and Development Center, P.O Box B, Frederick, MD 21702-1201. Present Address: Tibotec Inc., 1330 Piccard Dr., Rockville, MD, 20850. 1Present Address: Gilford Pharmaceuticals Inc., 6611 Tributary Street, Baltimore, MD, 21224. Plasmepsin 2 is a malarial aspartic proteinase that has been implicated in initial steps of hemoglobin degradation in parasite and thus represents an attractive antimalarial target. We designed and synthesized a number of quenched fluorogenic substrates and measured the kinetic constants of their cleavage by plasmepsin-2. High sensitivity and superior kinetic properties make the substrates suitable for different application including fluorescence plate reader.
On the EVM of sequences (2011)

Along with PAPR and PMEPR, the error vector magnitude (EVM) measure for sequences is of importance for applications in OFDM communication systems with clipping. No analytical method for calculation of EVM is currently known. It is shown that EVM can be computed as a power series in the length of the sequence with coefficients depending on the alphabet and clipping level.