gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low PAPR Probabilistically Controlled Transitions Scheme (2022)

Signals satisfying low Peak-to-Average-Power Ratio (PAPR) properties are desirable in order to ensure the efficient operation of power amplifiers (PA) and to enhance the uplink (UL) coverage for user equipment. Building on the Discrete-Fourier-Transform spread Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-s-OFDM) waveform, we investigate in this paper a novel communication scheme capable of achieving significant PAPR gains for higher order modulations based on controlling the transition probabilities between time domain symbols. The design draws its inspiration from probabilistic amplitude shaping (PAS) with the use of a distribution matcher (DM) to generate sequences of symbols approximating the desired transitions. The performance is evaluated according to the PAPR and cubic metric (CM) as measures for a 16-QAM modulation order. The bit-error-rate (BER) performance curves are also assessed in comparison with the 16-QAM baseline scheme.
Nephron-sparing surgery for renal cell carcinoma. (1999)

Nephron-sparing surgery has become an established surgical treatment for patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC), particularly in situations in which preservation of renal parenchyma is critical. However, due to the fear of local renal fossa recurrence with nephron-sparing surgery, radical nephrectomy has historically been the treatment of choice for patients with unilateral RCC and a normal contralateral kidney. Recently, increased incidence of low-stage, localized, solitary RCC has led to renewed interest in partial nephrectomy. With excellent disease-specific survival and recurrence rates comparable to that achieved with radical nephrectomy, nephron-sparing surgery can be confidently utilized in treating patients with stage T1 RCC lesions (<7 cm) and a normal contralateral kidney. The utility of nephron-sparing surgery in the context of adjunctive systemic immunotherapy remains to be explored.
Soft-Error Rate in a Logic LSI Estimated From SET Pulse-Width Measurements (2009)

SET-induced soft-error rates (SER <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SET</sub> s) of logic LSIs are estimated from SET pulse-widths measured in logic cells used in logic LSIs. The estimated rates are consistent with directly measured SER <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SET</sub> s for logic LSIs.
Quantitative nanoscale imaging using transmission He ion channelling contrast: Proof-of-concept and application to study isolated crystalline defects (2021)

A newly developed microscope prototype, namely npSCOPE, consisting of a Gas Field Ion Source (GFIS) column and a position sensitive Delay-line Detector (DLD) was used to perform Scanning Transmission Ion Microscopy (STIM) using keV He<sup>+</sup> ions. One experiment used 25 keV ions and a second experiment used 30 keV ions. STIM imaging of a 50 nm thick free-standing gold membrane exhibited excellent contrast due to ion channelling and revealed rich microstructural features including isolated nanoscale twin bands which matched well with the contrast in the conventional ion-induced Secondary Electron (SE) imaging mode. Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) and Backscattered Electron (BSE) imaging were performed on the same areas to correlate and confirm the microstructural features observed in STIM. Monte Carlo simulations of the ion and electron trajectories were performed with parameters similar to the experimental conditions to derive insights related to beam broadening and its effect in the degradation of transmission image resolution. For the experimental conditions used, STIM imaging showed a lateral resolution close to30 nm. Dark twin bands in bright grains as well as bright twin bands in dark grains were observed in STIM. Some of the twin bands were invisible in STIM. For the specific experimental conditions used, the ion transmission efficiency across a particular twin band was found to decrease by a factor of 2.8. Surprisingly, some grains showed contrast reversal when the Field of View (FOV) was changed indicating the sensitivity of the channelling contrast to even small changes in illumination conditions. These observations are discussed using ion channelling conditions and crystallographic orientations of the grains and twin bands. This study demonstrates for the first time the potential of STIM imaging using keV He<sup>+</sup> ions to quantitatively investigate channelling in nanoscale structures including isolated crystalline defects.
A new model for diabetes-focused capacity building – lessons from Sri Lanka (2018)

Sri Lanka is experiencing a rapid increase in the number of people with diabetes mellitus (DM) due to population growth and aging. Physician shortages, outdated technology, and insufficient health education have contributed to the difficulties associated with managing the burden of disease. New models of chronic disease management are needed to address the increasing prevalence of DM. Medical students, business students, and faculty members from the University of Michigan partnered with the Grace Girls' Home, Trincomalee General Hospital, and Selvanayakapuram Central Hospital to identify and train diabetes-focused medical assistants (MAs) to collect and enter patient data and educate patients about their disease. Return visits to these MAs were encouraged so that patient progress and disease progression could be tracked longitudinally. Data entry was conducted through a cloud-based mechanism, facilitating patient management and descriptive characterization of the population. We implemented this pilot program in June 2016 in coordination with Trincomalee General Hospital and Selvanayakapuram Central Hospital. Over a 12-month period, 93 patients were systematically assessed by the medical assistants. All patients received education and were provided materials after the visit to better inform them about the importance of controlling their disease. Fifteen percent (14/93) of patients returned for follow-up consultation. Trained MAs have the potential to provide support to physicians working in congested health systems in low-resource settings. Public investment in training programs for MAs and greater acceptance by physicians and patients will be essential for handling the growing burden associated with chronic illnesses like DM. Trained MAs may also play a role in improved patient education and awareness regarding diabetes self-management.
In Vitro Fermentation Characteristics of Prebiotics by Feline and Canine Probiotic Bacterial Species (2007)

To determine the probiotic potential of feline ( Bifidobacterium longum [BF]) and canine ( B. pseudolongum [BC] and Lactobacillus murinus ruminis [LC]) colonic bacterial species (inocula), an in vitro study of 3 prebiotic substrates (fructooligosaccharides [FOS], galactooligosaccharides [GOS], and lactosucrose [LS]) and beet pulp (BP; a standard fiber in premium petfoods) was conducted. Thus, 240 serum bottles (125 mL; 192 for substrates and 48 for blanks) were used in a completely randomized design experiment with treatments being arranged as a 3 (inocula) × 4 (substrates) factorial. The bottles with (0.3 g dry matter [DM]) or without (blanks) substrates had 27 mL of anaerobic medium and 3 mL of inoculum (6 h growth in tryptic soy broth at 39°C) and were incubated at 39°C for 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, or 24 h (8 replications/treatment). Across substrates, extent of DM disappearance was similar (79.6%) among the 3 inocula but gas production was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for BC (70.0 mL) and similar for BF and LC (31.1 mL). Lactate concentration was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for LC (294.4 μg/mL) and similar for BF and BC (244.6 μg/mL). Across inocula, extent of DM disappearance was higher (P &lt; 0.05) for prebiotics (99.1%) than for BP (20.9%) but gas production was lowest (P &lt; 0.05) for BP (10.7 mL) and similar for the prebiotics (55.1 mL). Lactate concentration was highest (P &lt; 0.05) for FOS and GOS (335.7 μg/mL), lowest (P &lt; 0.05) for BP (110.1 μg/mL), and intermediate (P &lt; 0.05) for LS (263.2 μg/mL). The results suggest LC to have the highest probiotic potential and both FOS and GOS to have the highest prebiotic potential.
Application of Severe Torsion Straining Process for Grain Refinement of Steel (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Experiments with a Task Partitioning Model for Heterogeneous Computing (2005)

One potentially promising approach for exploiting the best features of a variety of different computer architectures is to partition an application program to simultaneously execute on two or more different machines interconnected with a high-speed network. A fundamental problem with this heterogeneous computing, however, is the difficulty of partitioning an application program across the machines. This paper presents a partitioning strategy that relates the relative performance of two heterogeneous machines to the communication cost of transferring partial results across their interconnection network. Experiments are described that use this strategy to partition two different application programs across the sequential front-end processor of a Connection Machine CM-200, and its parallel back-end array.
Thermoelectric Performance of the 2D Bi2Si2Te6 Semiconductor (2022)

Bi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub>, a 2D compound, is a direct band gap semiconductor with an optical band gap of ∼0.25 eV, and is a promising thermoelectric material. Single-phase Bi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> is prepared by a scalable ball-milling and annealing process, and the highly densified polycrystalline samples are prepared by spark plasma sintering. Bi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> shows a p-type semiconductor transport behavior and exhibits an intrinsically low lattice thermal conductivity of ∼0.48 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> (cross-plane) at 573 K. The first-principles density functional theory calculations indicate that such low lattice thermal conductivity is derived from the interactions between acoustic phonons and low-lying optical phonons, local vibrations of Bi, the low Debye temperature, and strong anharmonicity result from the unique 2D crystal structure and metavalent bonding of Bi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub>. The Bi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> exhibits an optimal figure of merit ZT of ∼0.51 at 623 K, which can be further enhanced by the substitution of Bi with Pb. Pb doping leads to a large increase in power factor <i>S</i><sup>2</sup>σ, from ∼3.9 μW cm<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> of Bi<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> to ∼8.0 μW cm<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> of Bi<sub>1.98</sub>Pb<sub>0.02</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub> at 773 K, owing to the increase in carrier concentration. Moreover, Pb doping induces a further reduction in the lattice thermal conductivity to ∼0.38 W m<sup>-1</sup> K<sup>-1</sup> (cross-plane) at 623 K in Bi<sub>1.98</sub>Pb<sub>0.02</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub>, due to strengthened point defect (Pb<sub>Bi</sub>') scattering. The simultaneous optimization of the power factor and lattice thermal conductivity achieves a peak ZT of ∼0.90 at 723 K and a high average ZT of ∼0.66 at 400-773 K in Bi<sub>1.98</sub>Pb<sub>0.02</sub>Si<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>6</sub>.
Extending the half-life of a fab fragment through generation of a humanized anti-human serum albumin Fv domain: An investigation into the correlation between affinity and serum half-life (2016)

We generated an anti-albumin antibody, CA645, to link its Fv domain to an antigen-binding fragment (Fab), thereby extending the serum half-life of the Fab. CA645 was demonstrated to bind human, cynomolgus, and mouse serum albumin with similar affinity (1-7 nM), and to bind human serum albumin (HSA) when it is in complex with common known ligands. Importantly for half-life extension, CA645 binds HSA with similar affinity within the physiologically relevant range of pH 5.0 - pH 7.4, and does not have a deleterious effect on the binding of HSA to neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn). A crystal structure of humanized CA645 Fab in complex with HSA was solved and showed that CA645 Fab binds to domain II of HSA. Superimposition with the crystal structure of FcRn bound to HSA confirmed that CA645 does not block HSA binding to FcRn. In mice, the serum half-life of humanized CA645 Fab is 84.2 h. This is a significant extension in comparison with < 1 h for a non-HSA binding CA645 Fab variant. The Fab-HSA structure was used to design a series of mutants with reduced affinity to investigate the correlation between the affinity for albumin and serum half-life. Reduction in the affinity for MSA by 144-fold from 2.2 nM to 316 nM had no effect on serum half-life. Strikingly, despite a reduction in affinity to 62 µM, an extension in serum half-life of 26.4 h was still obtained. CA645 Fab and the CA645 Fab-HSA complex have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) with accession codes, 5FUZ and 5FUO, respectively.
Predicting preferred coring level to reduce toner scatter in electrophotographic printing (2010)

The electrophotographic process depends on a complex interplay between electrostatically charged toner particles, the developer roller, and the organic photoconductor during development; and between the toner particles, the organic photoconductor, and the paper during transfer. The task of controlling the imaging process is made even more challenging by the fact that colorant planes are developed independently and in succession. At high colorant levels, toner particles for a given colorant plane may be strongly repelled by toner that has already been deposited for previously developed colorant planes. The result is scattering of toner away from the edges of thin lines and character strokes. In previous work, we have proposed a coring method to reduce the occurrence of the toner scatter, and conducted psychophysical experiments to determine the preferred level of coring as a function of line width and colorant level. In this paper, we apply the edge transition width (ETW) metric to physically measure the impact of toner scatter on the sharpness of edges of lines and character strokes. We consider ETW both with and without coring, and compare it to the results from our earlier psychophysical experiments.
On-Focal-Plane Successive Approximation A/D/ Converters for Digital CMOS Image Sensors (1996)

Two charge-scaling successive approximation A/D converters for culumn-parallel data processing in CMOS active pixel image sensors (APS) are presented.
Supplementary Table S1 from Analysis of the MammaPrint Breast Cancer Assay in a Predominantly Postmenopausal Cohort (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Analysis of the MammaPrint Breast Cancer Assay in a Predominantly Postmenopausal Cohort
Enhancement of calculation accuracy of the integrated photonic tensor flow processer by global optical power allocation (2022)

We present a global optical power allocation architecture, which can enhance the calculation accuracy of the integrated photonic tensor flow processor (PTFP). By adjusting the optical power splitting ratio according to the weight value and loss of each calculating unit, this architecture can efficiently use optical power so that the signal-to-noise ratio of the PTFP is enhanced. In the case of considering the on-chip optical delay line and spectral loss, the calculation accuracy measured in the experiment is enhanced by more than 1 bit compared with the fixed optical power allocation architecture.
Potent Lymphatic Translocation and Spatial Control Over Innate Immune Activation by Polymer–Lipid Amphiphile Conjugates of Small‐Molecule TLR7/8 Agonists (2019)

Uncontrolled systemic inflammatory immune triggering has hampered the clinical translation of several classes of small-molecule immunomodulators, such as imidazoquinoline TLR7/8 agonists for vaccine design and cancer immunotherapy. By taking advantage of the inherent serum-protein-binding property of lipid motifs and their tendency to accumulate in lymphoid tissue, we designed amphiphilic lipid-polymer conjugates that suppress systemic inflammation but provoke potent lymph-node immune activation. This work provides a rational basis for the design of lipid-polymer amphiphiles for optimized lymphoid targeting.
Ultra-compact coherent receiver with serial interface for pluggable transceiver (2014)

An ultra-compact integrated coherent receiver with a volume of 1.3 cc using a quad-channel transimpedance amplifier (TIA)-IC chip with a serial peripheral interface (SPI) is demonstrated for the first time. The TIA with the SPI and photodiode (PD) bias circuits, a miniature dual polarization optical hybrid, an octal-PD and small optical coupling system enabled the realization of the compact receiver. Measured transmission performance with 32 Gbaud dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying signal is equivalent to that of the conventional multi-source agreement-based integrated coherent receiver with dual channel TIA-ICs. By comparing the bit-error rate (BER) performance with that under continuous SPI access, we also confirmed that there is no BER degradation caused by SPI interface access. Such an ultra-compact receiver is promising for realizing a new generation of pluggable transceivers.
Mutations in CIC and IDH1 cooperatively regulate 2-hydroxyglutarate levels and cell clonogenicity (2014)

The majority of oligodendrogliomas (ODGs) exhibit combined losses of chromosomes 1p and 19q and mutations of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1-R132H or IDH2-R172K). Approximately 70% of ODGs with 1p19q co-deletions harbor somatic mutations in the Capicua Transcriptional Repressor (CIC) gene on chromosome 19q13.2. Here we show that endogenous long (CIC-L) and short (CIC-S) CIC proteins are predominantly localized to the nucleus or cytoplasm, respectively. Cytoplasmic CIC-S is found in close proximity to the mitochondria. To study wild type and mutant CIC function and motivated by the paucity of 1p19q co-deleted ODG lines, we created HEK293 and HOG stable cell lines ectopically co-expressing CIC and IDH1. Non-mutant lines displayed increased clonogenicity, but cells co-expressing the mutant IDH1-R132H with either CIC-S-R201W or -R1515H showed reduced clonogenicity in an additive manner, demonstrating cooperative effects in our assays. Expression of mutant CIC-R1515H increased cellular 2-Hydroxyglutarate (2HG) levels compared to wild type CIC in IDH1-R132H background. Levels of phosphorylated ATP-citrate Lyase (ACLY) were lower in cell lines expressing mutant CIC-S proteins compared to cells expressing wild type CIC-S, supporting a cytosolic citrate metabolism-related mechanism bof reduced clonogenicity in our in vitro model systems. ACLY or phospho-ACLY were similarly reduced in CIC-mutant 1p19q co-deleted oligodendroglioma patient samples.
Multiple Testing for Gene Expression Data: An Investigation of Null Distributions with Consequences for the Permutation Test. (2003)

Gene expression studies produce data with which inferences can be made for thousands of genes simultaneously, allowing researchers to answer questions such as “Which genes are significantly differently expressed between two (or more) conditions?” or “Which genes have a significant association with an outcome or covariate?”. In order to make statements about the statistical significance of thousands of genes at once, it is essential to appropriately account for multiple tests. Multiple testing methods are hypothesis testing procedures designed to simultaneously test p > 1 hypotheses while controlling an error rate. Traditional approaches to the multiplicity problem are reviewed by [1]. More recent developments in the field include resampling methods [2], stepwise procedures, and the false discovery rate [3]. Standard practice in multiple testing with gene expression data is to use t-statistics as test statistics and to control a type I error rate under the permutation distribution. In this paper, we revisit the rationale behind such choices and suggest situations in which alternatives are more sensible. 2 Multiple Hypothesis Testing Procedures
Pulsed laser activated cell sorter (PLACS) for high-throughput fluorescent mammalian cell sorting (2014)

We present a Pulsed Laser Activated Cell Sorter (PLACS) realized by exciting laser induced cavitation bubbles in a PDMS microfluidic channel to create high speed liquid jets to deflect detected fluorescent samples for high speed sorting. Pulse laser triggered cavitation bubbles can expand in few microseconds and provide a pressure higher than tens of MPa for fluid perturbation near the focused spot. This ultrafast switching mechanism has a complete on-off cycle less than 20 &mu;sec. Two approaches have been utilized to achieve 3D sample focusing in PLACS. One is relying on multilayer PDMS channels to provide 3D hydrodynamic sheath flows. It offers accurate timing control of fast (2 m sec<sup>-1</sup>) passing particles so that synchronization with laser bubble excitation is possible, an critically important factor for high purity and high throughput sorting. PLACS with 3D hydrodynamic focusing is capable of sorting at 11,000 cells/sec with &gt;95% purity, and 45,000 cells/sec with 45% purity using a single channel in a single step. We have also demonstrated 3D focusing using inertial flows in PLACS. This sheathless focusing approach requires 10 times lower initial cell concentration than that in sheath-based focusing and avoids severe sample dilution from high volume sheath flows. Inertia PLACS is capable of sorting at 10,000 particles sec<sup>-1</sup> with &gt;90% sort purity.
Modeling and performance of wafer-fused resonant-cavity enhanced photodetectors (1995)

We discuss wavelength tuning and its corresponding quantum efficiency modulated by the standing wave effects in a resonant-cavity enhanced (RCE) photodetector. Specific design conditions are made for a thin In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As (900 /spl Aring/) photodetector wafer-fused to a GaAs-AlAs quarter wavelength stacks (QWS). Analytic expressions for the calculation of resonant wavelength and standing wave effects are derived, using a hard mirror concept of fixed phase upon reflection, and are found to agree reasonably well with the exact numerical approach, using a transmission matrix method. We then experimentally demonstrate that wavelength tuning as large as 140 nm and its corresponding quantum efficiency modulated by the standing wave effects are clearly observed in our wafer-fused photodetectors, consistent with the predictions. The external quantum efficiency at 1.3 /spl mu/m wavelength and absorption bandwidth for the wafer-fused RCE photodiodes integrated with an amorphous Si-SiO/sub 2/ dielectric mirror are measured to be 94% and 14 nm, respectively. This technique allows the formation of multichannel photodetectors with high quantum efficiency and small crosstalk, suitable for application to wavelength demultiplexing and high-speed, high-sensitivity optical communication systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>