gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Digital Network Twins: Can we Machine Learn Network Function Behaviors? (2023)

Cluster orchestrators such as Kubernetes (K8s) provide many knobs that cloud administrators can tune to conFigure their system. However, different configurations lead to different levels of performance, which additionally depend on the application. Hence, finding exactly the best configuration for a given system can be a difficult task. A particularly innovative approach to evaluate configurations and optimize desired performance metrics is the use of Digital Twins (DT). To achieve good results in short time, the models of the cloud network functions underlying the DT must be minimally complex but highly accurate. Developing such models requires detailed knowledge about the system components and their interactions. We believe that a data-driven paradigm can capture the actual behavior of a network function (NF) deployed in the cluster, while decoupling it from internal feedback loops. In this paper, we analyze the HTTP load balancing function as an example of an NF and explore the data-driven paradigm to learn its behavior in a K8s cluster deployment. We develop, implement, and evaluate two approaches to learn the behavior of a state-of-the-art load balancer and show that Machine Learning has the potential to enhance the way we model NF behaviors.
Discovery and Development of Ivosidenib (AG‐120: TIBSOVO ®  ) (2021)

The discovery of mutations in IDH1 (mIDH1) inhibitors commenced soon after Agios scientists uncovered the function of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutants. Among several high-throughput screening (HTS) hits against mIDH1, compound 1 was selected for medicinal chemistry efforts based on its sub-100 nanomolar inhibitory potency and its overall DMPK properties. The facile Ugi reaction enabled the rapid synthesis of multiple analogues of this diphenyl glycine class and allowed for efficient structure–activity relationship (SAR) development. Key compounds AGI-5198 and AGI-14100 were important milestones that allowed us to understand the mode of action involved in the mIDH1 biology and that cell differentiation was part of the therapeutic modality. AG-120 (ivosidenib) was discovered via systematic SAR studies of the early leads. Ivosidenib showed excellent oral bioavailability, safety, and efficacy in clinical trials with an overall response rate of 41.6 % for adult patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with an IDH1 mutation. Ivosidenib (TIBSOVO®) was approved by the FDA for adult patients with this type of cancer.
HSD3B1 Genotype and Clinical Outcomes in Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (2020)

Inheritance of the adrenal-permissive HSD3B1 genotype is associated with earlier castration resistance and shorter overall survival in men with low-volume metastatic prostate cancer and may help identify men more likely to benefit from escalated androgen receptor axis inhibition beyond gonadal testosterone suppression.
Role of Hydrous Ruthenium Oxide in Pt−Ru Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Anode Electrocatalysts:  The Importance of Mixed Electron/Proton Conductivity (1999)

Pt−Ru is the favored anode catalyst for the oxidation of methanol in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The nanoscale Pt−Ru blacks are accepted to be bimetallic alloys as based on their X-ray diffraction patterns. Our bulk and surface analyses show that although practical Pt−Ru blacks have diffraction patterns consistent with an alloy assignment, they are primarily a mix of Pt metal and Ru oxides plus some Pt oxides and only small amounts of Ru metal. Thermogravimetric analysis and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of as-received Pt−Ru electrocatalysts indicate that DMFC materials contain substantial amounts of hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuOxHy). A potential misidentification of nanoscale Pt−Ru blacks arises because RuOxHy is amorphous and cannot be discerned by X-ray diffraction. Hydrous ruthenium oxide is a mixed proton and electron conductor and innately expresses Ru−OH speciation. These properties are of key importance in the mechanism of methanol oxidation, in particular, Ru−OH is a critical component of the bifunctional mechanism proposed for direct methanol oxidation in that it is the oxygen-transfer species that oxidatively dissociates −C⋮O fragments from the Pt surface. The catalysts and membrane-electrode assemblies of DMFCs should not be processed at or exposed to temperatures >150 °C, as such conditions deleteriously lower the proton conductivity of hydrous ruthenium oxide and thus affect the ability of the Ru component of the electrocatalyst to dissociate water. With this analytical understanding of the true nature of practical nanoscale Pt−Ru electrocatalysts, we can now recommend that hydrous ruthenium oxide, rather than Ru metal or anhydrous RuO2, is the preferred Ru speciation in these catalysts.
Role of the Protein C Pathway in the Extraintestinal Thrombosis Associated With Murine Colitis (2008)

These findings indicate that elevated APC levels, derived from either endogenous or exogenous sources, confer protection against the extraintestinal thrombosis that accompanies colonic inflammation.
Nonlocal spin transport in single-walled carbon nanotube networks (2012)

Spin transport in carbon-based materials has stimulated much interest due to their ballistic conductance and a long phase coherence length. While much research has been conducted on individual carbon nanotubes, current growth and placement techniques are incompatible with large-scale fabrication. Here, we report on nonlocal spin injection and detection in single-walled carbon nanotube networks. We observe spin transport over a distance of 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m and extract a spin diffusion length of 1.6--2.4 \ensuremath{\mu}m with an injected spin polarization from CoFe into nanotube network of 18$%$--41$%$. Our observations demonstrate that spin transport is possible in carbon nanotube networks due to the formation of natural tunnel barriers between nanotubes and metallic contacts.
Optimization of brain-penetrant picolinamide derived leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) inhibitors (2021)

The discovery of potent, kinome selective, brain penetrant LRRK2 inhibitors is the focus of extensive research seeking new, disease-modifying treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). Herein, we describe the discovery and evolution of a picolinamide-derived lead series. Our initial optimization efforts aimed at improving the potency and CLK2 off-target selectivity of compound <b>1</b> by modifying the heteroaryl C-H hinge and linker regions. This resulted in compound <b>12</b> which advanced deep into our research operating plan (ROP) before heteroaryl aniline metabolite <b>14</b> was characterized as Ames mutagenic, halting its progression. Strategic modifications to our ROP were made to enable early de-risking of putative aniline metabolites or hydrolysis products for mutagenicity in Ames. This led to the discovery of 3,5-diaminopyridine <b>15</b> and 4,6-diaminopyrimidine <b>16</b> as low risk for mutagenicity (defined by a 3-strain Ames negative result). Analysis of key matched molecular pairs <b>17</b> and <b>18</b> led to the prioritization of the 3,5-diaminopyridine sub-series for further optimization due to enhanced rodent brain penetration. These efforts culminated in the discovery of ethyl trifluoromethyl pyrazole <b>23</b> with excellent LRRK2 potency and expanded selectivity <i>versus</i> off-target CLK2.
High-Density Multilayer Optical Disc Storage (2006)

High-density multilayer optical disc storage was investigated by employing advanced signal processing methods such as adaptive equalization and adaptive partial-response maximum-likelihood (PRML) detection. Preliminary experiments, recording on single-layer and dual-layer Blu-ray discs (BD), indicate storage capability of 33.3 GB/layer with adaptive 5-tap PRML. A new signal qualification method, sequenced amplitude margin quasi-error estimation (SAMQES), was introduced for high-density multilayer recording, and possibility toward a total storage capacity of 200 GB was examined by using a six-layer BD-Recordable disc. Despite coherent interlayer crosstalk and lower signal-to-noise ratio, SAMQES showed moderate increase from those in single-layer recording.
MAGNETISM OF NANOPHASE IRON PARTICLES LASER EVAPORATED IN A CONTROLLED OXYGEN ATMOSPHERE (1995)

Magnetic nanoparticles of iron and iron oxide have been prepared in a modified upward thermal diffusion cloud chamber using pulsed laser evaporation. SEM/TEM studies of these particles reveal a size distribution with a mean diameter of about 60 Å. FTIR spectrum measurements are used to investigate the difference in oxidation level between nanoparticles prepared at different partial oxygen pressures. The complex magnetic behaviour of these particles was studied using DC- and AC-susceptibility measurements. All samples exhibit superparamagnetism with blocking temperatures ranging from 50 K to above room temperature. The coercivity fields as well as the dependence of the blocking temperature on measuring frequency have been studied. Magnetic anisotropy constants are found to be one order of magnitude higher than is known for the bulk values. The mean particle size estimated from the magnetic data is found to be in perfect agreement with the TEM observations.
Cache Template Attacks: Automating Attacks On Inclusive Last-Level Caches (2015)

Recent work on cache attacks has shown that CPU caches represent a powerful source of information leakage. However, existing attacks require manual identification of vulnerabilities, i.e., data accesses or instruction execution depending on secret information. In this paper, we present Cache Template Attacks. This generic attack technique allows us to profile and exploit cachebased information leakage of any program automatically, without prior knowledge of specific software versions or even specific system information. Cache Template Attacks can be executed online on a remote system without any prior offline computations or measurements. Cache Template Attacks consist of two phases. In the profiling phase, we determine dependencies between the processing of secret information, e.g., specific key inputs or private keys of cryptographic primitives, and specific cache accesses. In the exploitation phase, we derive the secret values based on observed cache accesses. We illustrate the power of the presented approach in several attacks, but also in a useful application for developers. Among the presented attacks is the application of Cache Template Attacks to infer keystrokes and—even more severe—the identification of specific keys on Linux and Windows user interfaces. More specifically, for lower-case only passwords, we can reduce the entropy per character from log2(26) = 4.7 to 1.4 bits on Linux systems. Furthermore, we perform an automated attack on the T-table-based AES implementation of OpenSSL that is as efficient as state-of-the-art manual cache attacks.
Discharge characteristics of mercury-free flat fluorescent lamps with various electrode configurations analysed through a two-dimensional fluid model simulation (2012)

Abstract The discharge characteristics and factors related to the luminous efficacy of mercury-free flat fluorescent lamps (MFFLs) with three different types of coplanar, counter and combination electrode configurations were studied via a two-dimensional numerical simulation. The spatiotemporal distributions of the potential, electric field, electron density, Xe ** density and current waveforms of the MFFLs were obtained and analysed. The MFFL with the combination electrode configuration shows the highest vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) efficacy value. The vertical electrode in the MFFL with the combination electrode configuration prevents the electric field at the gap space from decreasing rapidly, and extends the discharge path. The effects of the vertical electrode help one to increase the Xe excitation efficacy. In addition, a new auxiliary electrode was proposed in the original MFFL with the combination electrode configuration. The MFFL with the new auxiliary electrode has broader distributions of electrons and Xe ** species, and a higher VUV efficacy value than the original MFFL with the combination electrode configuration at the same voltage.
Earlier Age at Type 2 Diabetes Diagnosis Is Associated with Increased Genetic Risk for Cardiovascular Disease (2023)

&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;We investigated genetic risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) by type 2 diabetes (T2D) diagnosis age.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Research Design and Methods: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;We compared incident CVD events by T2D diagnosis age using UK Biobank (N=12,321) and Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH) cohort (N=1,165). Genetic risk was quantified using polygenic risk score (PRS).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;People with earlier T2D diagnosis had higher CVD risk. In UK Biobank, effect size of coronary artery disease (CAD) PRS on incident CAD was largest in people diagnosed of T2D at ages 30-39 (hazard ratio 2.25, 95% CI 1.56-3.26) and decreased for later-onset: 1.51 (1.30-1.75) at 40-49, 1.36 (1.24-1.50) at 50-59, and 1.30 (1.14-1.48) at 60-69 (&lt;em&gt;P&lt;/em&gt;interaction=0.0031). Similar trend was observed in SNUH cohort. This increased genetic risk associated with earlier T2D diagnosis was largely mitigated by healthy lifestyle.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion: &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;People with earlier T2D diagnosis have higher CAD genetic risk, and this could be used to tailor lifestyle intervention.&lt;/p&gt;
WASTOPHOBIA: A PATH TOWARDS SUSTAINABILITY IN RESPONSIBLE BEHAVIOR-A CASE OF DOMESTIC SECTOR ELECTRICITY WASTE MANAGEMENT (2021)

Electricity is indispensable for socio-economic developments. Its demand is dramatically increasing in the domestic sector at an incredible pace despite distressing electricity deficiency in most of the world's developing economies like Pakistan. The synthesis of the literature portrays that domestic consumers irresponsibly (consciously or unconsciously) waste a major portion of their electricity consumption that is detrimental to electricity security, climate, and sustainable developments. To effectively deal with the issue of electricity waste, this study is presenting a theoretical research framework containing a fear based promotional marketing strategy. The novelty of the model is to present an intriguing behavioral strategy for developing consumer sustainable responsible behavior. Confronting consumers with the awareness of wasteful consumption and its detrimental conditional impacts (financial, environmental, personal future &amp; electricity security threats and religious punishments) can significantly create threats of electricity wastage (wastophobia) in the electricity consumers' mind. Wastophobia strategy will set ground foundations for the researchers and policymakers to manage electricity waste as well as wastage of other goods &amp; services. This strategy will significantly contribute to the theoretical knowledge of various disciplines, such as marketing, psychology, waste management and so on. Sustainable responsible behavior is categorically supporting consumers as well as holds huge potential in present policy guidelines under the arena of electrical purification and waste management. Moreover, such policy implications are viable, sensible, and supportive for national electrical transmission and production regulatory authorities at both public and public counterparts.Keywords: Energy Efficiency, Wasteful Consumption Awareness, Religious Sermons, Wastophobia, Sustainable Responsible BehaviorJEL Classifications: Q4, Q40, D1DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.11450
Electrical properties of high resistivity 6H–SiC under high temperature/high field stress (1997)

The influence of ambient temperature and applied electric field on the electrical properties of high resistivity (1–30 kΩ cm), semi-insulating (&amp;gt;100 kΩ cm), and insulating (1011–1012 Ω cm) single-crystal 6H–SiC is reported. Current–voltage (I–V) characteristics of lateral metal-semiconductor-metal test structures were measured in vacuum in a temperature range of 295–730 K and under moderate pulsed electric fields (0.5–80 kV/cm). It is shown that the resistivity of the undoped 6H–SiC varies strongly with the ambient temperature after a temperature/field function dominated by a factor containing the activation (ionization) energy of residual boron of 0.35 eV. The dominant activation energy of semi-insulating Vanadium-compensated material (6H–SiC:V) varies with the ambient temperature, increasing from ∼0 eV at 295–320 K to ∼0.8 eV at T⩾600 K. This result can explain the relatively low decrease of the resistivity of insulating 6H–SiC at very high ambient temperatures and its viability as a substrate for next-generation high temperature microwave integrated circuits based on large band gap semiconductors.
The role of lamivudine and predictors of mortality in severe flare‐up of chronic hepatitis B with jaundice (2002)

Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) may develop severe disease exacerbations (flare) with jaundice, and some may progress to fulminant hepatic failure. Whether early administration of lamivudine can prevent liver failure and mortality is uncertain. We investigated the role of lamivudine treatment in severe hepatitis B virus (HBV) exacerbations. Consecutive patients presented with severe flare-up of HBV (new onset of jaundice plus alanine aminotransferase greater than five times upper limit of normal) treated with lamivudine and historical controls who did not receive lamivudine were studied. All patients had no hepatic encephalopathy on admission. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression were performed on various clinical and laboratory factors for the prediction of mortality. Twenty-eight patients treated with lamivudine and 18 controls were identified. Overall, nine patients died and two other received liver transplants for fulminant hepatic failure. Six of 28 (21.4%) lamivudine-treated patients vs five of 18 (27.8%) controls died or received a liver transplant (P = 0.62). On multivariate analysis, platelet < or = 143 x 10E9/L (odds ratio 22.4, 95% CI 1.8-281.6) and bilirubin > 172 micromol/L (odds ratio 18.4, 95% CI 1.5-228.5) were independent predictors of liver-related mortality. The mortality of patients who had thrombocytopenia and high bilirubin, thrombocytopenia, high bilirubin, and no risk factor were 69.2%, 11.1%, 12.5% and 0% respectively. Hence lamivudine confers no survival benefit to conventional treatment in severe exacerbations of CHB. Patients with thrombocytopenia and high bilirubin should be considered for liver transplantation.
A Psychophysical Evaluation of Texture Compression Masking Effects (2018)

Lossy texture compression is increasingly used to reduce GPU memory and bandwidth consumption. However, as raised by recent studies, evaluating the quality of compressed textures is a difficult problem. Indeed using Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) on texture images, like done in most applications, may not be a correct way to proceed. In particular, there is evidence that masking effects apply when the texture image is mapped on a surface and combined with other textures (e.g., affecting geometry or normal). These masking effects have to be taken into account when compressing a set of texture maps, in order to have a real understanding of the visual impact of the compression artifacts on the rendered images. In this work, we present the first psychophysical experiment investigating the perceptual impact of texture compression on rendered images. We explore the influence of compression bit rate, light direction, and diffuse and normal map content on the visual impact of artifacts. The collected data reveal huge masking effects from normal map to diffuse map artifacts and vice versa, and reveal the weakness of PSNR applied on individual textures for evaluating compression quality. The results allow us to also analyze the performance and failures of image quality metrics for predicting the visibility of these artifacts. We finally provide some recommendations for evaluating the quality of texture compression and show a practical application to approximating the distortion measured on a rendered 3D shape.
Non-classical β-carbonic anhydrase inhibitors-towards novel anti-mycobacterials (2014)

Mycobacterial carbonic anhydrases, such as the essential protein Rv3588c, are attractive drug targets since they constitute a different class of carbonic anhydrases than those found in humans.
Dienone–phenol type rearrangements. Part 5. Confirmation of a rearrangement pathway using carbon-13 labelling (1978)

Previous work had shown that 2α-hydroxycholest-4-en-3-one (1a) rearranged in acid solution to give the aromatic 2-methoxy-4-methyl-19-norcholesta-1,3,5(10)-triene (2). Labelling of the hydroxy-enone with carbon-13 at C-4 and use of 13C n.m.r. supports previous mechanistic proposals.
Association between the metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease in Chinese adults (2007)

These findings suggest that the metabolic syndrome might be an important risk factor for CKD in Chinese adults.
Bargaining and Influence Costs and the Organization of Economic Activity (1987)

transaction costs, contracting, bargaining theory, economic systems, organization theory, rent seeking, Social and Behavioral Sciences
Near-field investigation of spatial variations of (202¯1¯) InGaN quantum well emission spectra (2013)

Scanning near-field optical spectroscopy was applied to semipolar (202¯1¯) InGaN/GaN quantum wells (QWs) to evaluate spatial homogeneity of QW band gap and its dependence on the growth conditions. In the most uniform QW, photoluminescence (PL) spectra were found to be narrow with small peak wavelength and spectral width variations. A QW grown at reduced temperature showed sub-micrometer size PL features aligned along the a axis and caused by nonuniform In incorporation at surface undulations. At extended defects, complex and strongly varying near-field spectra were observed and tentatively assigned to QW segments of different orientations around these defects.
Mutations in the retinoblastoma gene and their expression in somatic and tumor cells of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma (1994)

Two intragenic deletions (exon 18-19 and exon 24) and two point mutations (one missense mutation in exon 21 and one mutation at splice-donor site for exon 13) were detected in the retinoblastoma gene in somatic and tumor cells of patients with hereditary retinoblastoma. Three mutations were located in a domain essential for binding to oncoproteins encoded by DNA tumor viruses (Hu et al., 1990; Huang et al., 1990). One mutation (deletion of exon 24) was outside this domain but it is in the region essential for binding to transcriptional factor E2F, and for suppression of malignant phenotypes (Qian et al., 1992; Qin et al., 1992). A minisatellite-like sequence and short repeated sequences were located at the breakpoint of the deletion of exon 24, suggesting that two deletions on both sides of the minisatellite-like sequence may be generated by a "DNA slippage and misalignment" mechanism. Upon amplification of cDNA by the polymerase chain reaction, no transcript of gene with frameshift mutation (deletion of exon 24) was detected in skin fibroblasts, while transcripts of genes with missense mutations were detected. The results, in combination with previous reports (Dunn et al., 1989; Hashimoto et al., 1991), suggest the instability of transcripts with a premature stop codon or the suppressed expression of alleles with a premature stop codon in the retinoblastoma gene in somatic cells of hereditary patients.