gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallocorroles as Electrocatalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) (2016)

Abstract The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is the most important reaction in life processes and in energy transformation, such as fuel cells. Normally, the ORR in a fuel cell is very slow and a cathode ORR catalyst is needed to reach a practical usable level. Pt‐based materials are the most effective catalysts, but they are too expensive to make fuel cells commercially viable and hence extensive research has focused on developing alternative catalysts. First row transition metallocorroles are potent catalysts for many reactions, and they may eventually be used as true alternatives to the precious metals currently used. Regarding ORR, brominated cobalt corrole has been shown to operate almost as well as an industry standard platinum‐based catalyst. In this review, we would like to summarize the progress that has been made in this field.
The Role of Anti–Endothelial Cell Antibody–Mediated Microvascular Injury in the Evolution of Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Setting of Collagen Vascular Disease (2007)

We encountered 16 patients with connective tissue disease in whom pulmonary fibrosis developed. Routine light microscopic, ultrastructural, and direct immunofluorescent analyses were conducted, and circulating antibodies, including those of endothelial cell derivation, were assessed using indirect immuno-fluorescence and Western blot assays. Underlying diseases were dermatomyositis, scleroderma, mixed connective tissue disease, sclerodermatomyositis, Sjögren syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and anti-Ro-associated systemic lupus erythematosus. Antibodies to one or more Ro, RNP, Jo 1, OJ, and/or nucleolar antigens were seen in all cases and antiphospholipid antibodies in half. All biopsies revealed microvascular injury in concert with intraparenchymal fibrosis; in some cases, there were corroborative ultrastructural findings of microvascular injury. Patterns of fibroplasia represented nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis and usual interstitial pneumonitis. We noted IgG, IgA, and/or complement in the septal microvasculature. In 6 cases with available serum samples, indirect immunofluorescent endothelial cell antibody studies were positive and Western Blot studies showed reactivity of serum samples to numerous endothelial cell lysate-derived proteins. Pulmonary fibrosis, a recognized complication of systemic connective tissue disease, develops in connective tissue disease syndromes with pathogenetically established immune-based microvascular injury at other sites. A similar mechanism of antibody-mediated endothelial cell injury may be the basis of the tissue injury and fibrosing reparative response.
Impact of stress of marital dissolution on skin barrier recovery: tape stripping and measurement of trans‐epidermal water loss (TEWL) (2003)

Psychological stress of marital dissolution does not appear to change skin barrier strength but has a negative impact on skin barrier recovery.
The Genome Sequence of the Gram-Positive Sugarcane Pathogen Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli (2004)

The genome sequence of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli, which causes ratoon stunting disease and affects sugarcane worldwide, was determined. The single circular chromosome of Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli CTCB07 was 2.6 Mb in length with a GC content of 68% and 2,044 predicted open reading frames. The analysis also revealed 307 predicted pseudogenes, which is more than any bacterial plant pathogen sequenced to date. Many of these pseudogenes, if functional, would likely be involved in the degradation of plant heteropolysaccharides, uptake of free sugars, and synthesis of amino acids. Although L. xyli subsp. xyli has only been identified colonizing the xylem vessels of sugarcane, the numbers of predicted regulatory genes and sugar transporters are similar to those in free-living organisms. Some of the predicted pathogenicity genes appear to have been acquired by lateral transfer and include genes for cellulase, pectinase, wilt-inducing protein, lysozyme, and desaturase. The presence of the latter may contribute to stunting, since it is likely involved in the synthesis of abscisic acid, a hormone that arrests growth. Our findings are consistent with the nutritionally fastidious behavior exhibited by L. xyli subsp. xyli and suggest an ongoing adaptation to the restricted ecological niche it inhabits.
F1: Advanced transmitters for wireless infrastructure (2011)

This forum will cover present and future transmitters in wireless infrastructure applications, like base stations for cellular mobile communication. Future digitized transmitter architectures will most likely be based upon the use of advanced RF DACs or ultra high speed DACs in combination with up conversion techniques. These digital transmitter architectures need flexible (re-configurable) power amplifiers which make use of advanced techniques like multi-way Doherty or envelope tracking. Enhanced linearization techniques need to be applied in the transmitter to cope with the stringent linearity demands, while advanced calibration techniques and other design techniques will be needed to overcome circuit block impairments.
An artificial elementary eye with optic flow detection and compositional properties (2015)

We describe a 2 mg artificial elementary eye whose structure and functionality is inspired by compound eye ommatidia. Its optical sensitivity and electronic architecture are sufficient to generate the required signals for the measurement of local optic flow vectors in multiple directions. Multiple elementary eyes can be assembled to create a compound vision system of desired shape and curvature spanning large fields of view. The system configurability is validated with the fabrication of a flexible linear array of artificial elementary eyes capable of extracting optic flow over multiple visual directions.
Data from Humoral Immune Response against Nontargeted Tumor Antigens after Treatment with Sipuleucel-T and Its Association with Improved Clinical Outcome (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Antitumor activity of cancer immunotherapies may elicit immune responses to nontargeted (secondary) tumor antigens, or antigen spread. We evaluated humoral antigen spread after treatment with sipuleucel-T, an immunotherapy for asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC), designed to target prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP; primary antigen).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Serum samples from patients with mCRPC enrolled in the placebo-controlled phase III IMPACT study (evaluable &lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 142) were used to assess humoral antigen spread after treatment with sipuleucel-T. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses to self-antigens (including tumor antigens) were surveyed using protein microarrays and confirmed using Luminex xMAP. IgG responses were subsequently validated in ProACT (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 33), an independent phase II study of sipuleucel-T. Association of IgG responses with overall survival (OS) was assessed using multivariate Cox models adjusted for baseline prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and lactate dehydrogenase levels.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In patients from IMPACT and ProACT, levels of IgG against multiple secondary antigens, including PSA, KLK2/hK2, K-Ras, E-Ras, LGALS8/PCTA-1/galectin-8, and LGALS3/galectin-3, were elevated after treatment with sipuleucel-T (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.01), but not control. IgG responses (≥2-fold elevation posttreatment) occurred in ≥25% of patients, appeared by 2 weeks after sipuleucel-T treatment, and persisted for up to 6 months. IgG responses to PSA and LGALS3 were associated with improved OS in sipuleucel-T–treated patients from IMPACT (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Sipuleucel-T induced humoral antigen spread in patients with mCRPC. IgG responses were associated with improved OS in IMPACT. The methods and results reported may identify pharmacodynamic biomarkers of clinical outcome after sipuleucel-T treatment, and help in clinical assessments of other cancer immunotherapies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(16); 3619–30. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;See related commentary by Hellstrom and Hellstrom, p. 3581&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Reversible inhibition of copper amine oxidase activity by channel-blocking ruthenium(II) and rhenium(I) molecular wires (2005)

Molecular wires comprising a Ru(II)- or Re(I)-complex head group, an aromatic tail group, and an alkane linker reversibly inhibit the activity of the copper amine oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis (AGAO), with K(i) values between 6 muM and 37 nM. In the crystal structure of a Ru(II)-wire:AGAO conjugate, the wire occupies the AGAO active-site substrate access channel, the trihydroxyphenylalanine quinone cofactor is ordered in the "off-Cu" position with its reactive carbonyl oriented toward the inhibitor, and the "gate" residue, Tyr-296, is in the "open" position. Head groups, tail-group substituents, and linker lengths all influence wire-binding interactions with the enzyme.
5H‐Cyclopentapyrazines from 1,2‐Dialkynylimidazoles. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Permutation Network De-obfuscation (2020)

Permutation-based obfuscation has been proposed to protect hardware against cloning, overproduction, reverse engineering, and unauthorized operation. To prevent key extraction from memory, the key used by the obfuscation is usually stored in volatile memory. Since the key is erased after the system loses power, this scheme is often considered the best way to prevent a key from being stolen, since many attacks would require power. However, in this article, we propose a new attack where the key is determined by exploring path aging within the permutation network used for obfuscation. Both the theoretical analysis and experimental results are provided. A practical procedure to achieve the proposed attack is also discussed in the context of an attacker’s capabilities and knowledge. The proposed attack is executed in both simulation and hardware. The experimental results show the accuracy of identifying the key is over 80% and more than enough to reduce the number of brute-force combinations required by an attacker. This attack accuracy reaches 100% when the permutation network has experienced sufficient degradations. Besides the attack, we also propose a low-cost countermeasure that sweeps the permutation network configurations. Incorporating this countermeasure, the proposed attack becomes no better than brute-force guessing.
A 3-152 Mbps scalable OFDM-based wireless transceiver (2005)

A complex and pervasive wireless network needs different levels of requirements and features for the radio unit used in each node. This makes the conventional approach of building a specific transceiver for each feature set very expensive and even undesirable. In this paper, we introduce a generalized solution that first builds a quantum unit from which all the required radios can be built. We analytically study and derive the optimum choice of design parameters to optimize bandwidth efficiency, interference tolerance, system complexity and power consumption. Based on the proposed structure, a wide range of radio configurations can be accommodated which support data rates from 3 to 152 Mbps. The theoretical analyses are also supported by system level simulations.
Liquid-core fiber optics-transmission and non-linear effects (1986)

We survey previous research on liquid-core fiber optics. These waveguides exhibit a number of interesting characteristics which are of use to sensing, spectroscopy, and communications. We discuss liquid-core optical fibers in regard to applications involving high-peak-power transmission of laser light. The roles of liquid properties, nonlinearities, and fiber-to-waveguide coupling are discussed. The self-healing capability of such a waveguide following laser-induced breakdown is demonstrated.
Analysis of malicious affiliate network activity as a test case for an investigatory framework. (2010)

Abstract: Currently there is a great deal of literature surrounding methods that can be used to de-tect click-fraud, but there is very little published work on actual cases of click-through fraud. The aim of this paper is to present the details of a real-life fraud, in order that lessons may be learnt to over-come this type of fraud in the future. The paper outlines a fraud that is suspected to have included both PPC and PPS from fraudulent affiliates. This paper describes a methodology for the investigation process of affiliate network scams, includ-ing the anonymisation of personal and location details, while providing an analysis of an actual crime. In total, the case examined resulted in an estimated loss of around £200,000 with a further estimated loss of over £200,000 if further transactions had not been cancelled. The methods used within the scam are outlined using anonymised data, and presented to highlight the malicious activity. This included both pay-per-click and pay-per-sale scams most likely using sto-len identity information. It concludes with the methods that may be helpful in possibly identifying malicious activity with affiliate networks and how a framework can be setup to investigate these crimes. The current work involves developing an investigatory framework focused on the early detection of electronic fraud, and the work done for this paper will be used as a test case on affiliate fraud data. The future aim of the research is to completely automate the investigatory framework that will allow incident data to be processed so that the context of a crime is not lost, but that it anonymises and protects the identity of those involved.
Unique Abnormalities of CD4+ and CD8+ Central Memory Cells Associated with Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease Improve after Extracorporeal Photopheresis (2006)

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) remains a problematic complication of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Laboratory parameters correlated with cGVHD have not been fully defined, although changes in CD4/CD8 ratios occur and a decrease in CD4(+) central memory T cells has been noted. Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is an effective therapy for steroid-refractory cGVHD. We have noted changes in lymphocyte subsets after ECP. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell central and effector memory populations were enumerated by flow cytometry in a cohort of 37 patients postallogeneic transplantation with symptomatic cGVHD. Of the patients with symptomatic cGVHD, 7 were treated with ECP over 6 months and prospectively assessed for changes in lymphocyte subsets. There was a highly significant correlation of an increase in CD8(+) central memory cells and a concomitant decrease in CD4(+) central memory cells in patients with symptomatic cGVHD. These changes were not detected in patients without cGVHD posttransplantation. In all, 7 patients with cGVHD followed up prospectively during ECP treatment showed a statistically significant normalization of the pattern of CD4(+) and a trend toward normalization of CD8(+) central memory T cells coincident with improvement of cGVHD. These data indicate a high correlation between disturbances in the balance of central and effector memory populations and cGVHD suggesting use in following up responses to therapy. The normalization of central and effector memory populations in response to ECP coincident with clinical improvement of cGVHD support a correlation between these laboratory parameters and cGVHD. Further studies are needed to demonstrate whether laboratory measurements of the magnitude of changes in central and effector memory populations are useful prognostically or can be used to guide response to therapy. The contrasting change in central memory cells (CD8(+) increased versus CD4(+) decreased) in cGVHD provide support for recent reports suggesting unique differences in the differentiation pathways for CD8(+) versus CD4(+) T cells.
Underwater noise produced by rainfall (1987)

When a liquid drop falling through the air strikes a flat horizontal surface, there are acoustic emissions associated with this impact in both the air and the liquid [G. J. Franz, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 31, 1080 (1959)]. Under certain conditions, a small air bubble can be entrained in the liquid by the impacting drop and stimulated into volume pulsations that radiate quite strongly. When several drops impact the surface in a short time interval as in rainfall, the acoustic emissions associated with the bubble oscillations appear to be a major contribution to the total acoustic emission over a considerable bandwidth. With artificially created rainfall, the spectral peak observed near 20 kHz for natural rainfall can be duplicated [Scrimger et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 81, 79 (1987)]. However, with the addition of surface tension reduction agents, this peak is significantly reduced, implying that a major portion of the noise associated with rainfall is related to oscillations of the entrained bubble rather than due to the impact of the drop with the liquid surface. [Work supported by the ONR.]
Lithium Niobate on Silicon Dioxide Suspended Membranes: A Technology Platform for Engineering the Temperature Coefficient of Frequency of High Electromechanical Coupling Resonators (2014)

This paper presents a new class of laterally vibrating resonators (LVRs) based on Y-cut ion-sliced lithium niobate (LN) thin films on silicon dioxide (SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). The SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer is used to engineer the temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) of the LN resonator. The LN LVR is built on top of a SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer and released from the underlying silicon wafer by dry etching in Xenon difluoride (XeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). For a given sample having an LN layer thickness of 420 nm and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thickness of 1600 nm, this paper demonstrated resonators with TCF of +17 ppm/°C, and +18 ppm/°C for devices vibrating at 460 and 420 MHz, and, respectively, oriented at 10° and 30° to the x-axis. TCF of +24.1 ppm/°C and +27.7 ppm/°C were recorded for devices vibrating at 720 MHz, respectively, oriented at 40° and 50° to the x-axis. These results correspond to a 4-5 X reduction in the TCF of standalone LN resonators. The positive TCF clearly indicates the effect of the SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer, and its value matches with what is predicted analytically by finite element method simulations and nonlinear analysis of the resonator amplitude-frequency response. This demonstration offers evidence that TCF engineering of LN LVRs is possible. Most importantly, these LN LVRs still exhibited high values of electromechanical coupling, k <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , around 9% at 723.7 MHz, and Q in excess of 1320 in air at 419.3 MHz. By optimizing the relative values of the LN and SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> thickness, it is ultimately possible to attain devices with zero first order TCF.
Effect of the Disease-Causing R266K Mutation on the Heme and PLP Environments of Human Cystathionine β-Synthase (2012)

Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) is an essential pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme of the transsulfuration pathway that condenses serine with homocysteine to form cystathionine; intriguingly, human CBS also contains a heme b cofactor of unknown function. Herein we describe the enzymatic and spectroscopic properties of a disease-associated R266K hCBS variant, which has an altered hydrogen-bonding environment. The R266K hCBS contains a low-spin, six-coordinate Fe(III) heme bearing a His/Cys ligation motif, like that of WT hCBS; however, there is a geometric distortion that exists at the R266K heme. Using rR spectroscopy, we show that the Fe(III)-Cys(thiolate) bond is longer and weaker in R266K, as evidenced by an 8 cm(-1) downshift in the ν(Fe-S) resonance. Presence of this longer and weaker Fe(III)-Cys(thiolate) bond is correlated with alteration of the fluorescence spectrum of the active PLP ketoenamine tautomer. Activity data demonstrate that, relative to WT, the R266K variant is more impaired in the alternative cysteine-synthesis reaction than in the canonical cystathionine-synthesis reaction. This diminished cysteine synthesis activity and a greater sensitivity to exogenous PLP correlate with the change in PLP environment. Fe-S(Cys) bond weakening causes a nearly 300-fold increase in the rate of ligand switching upon reduction of the R266K heme. Combined, these data demonstrate cross talk between the heme and PLP active sites, consistent with previous proposals, revealing that alteration of the Arg(266)-Cys(52) interaction affects PLP-dependent activity and dramatically destabilizes the ferrous thiolate-ligated heme complex, underscoring the importance of this hydrogen-bonding residue pair.
Dopamine-1 receptors in rat proximal convoluted tubule: regulation by intrarenal dopamine (1990)

Dopamine (DA) is synthesized in the renal proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) and may act as a paracrine substance at tubular DA-1 receptors to decrease sodium transport. Although DA-1 receptors have been identified in rabbit renal PCT by use of nonselective dopaminergic radioligands, DA-1 receptors have not been localized in specific nephron segments with the use of selective DA-1 radioligands. In these studies we used a novel DA-1 dopaminergic ligand 125I-SCH-23982, which has been shown to have a high affinity for brain and renal DA-1 receptors, to identify DA-1 receptors in the rat renal PCT and distal convoluted tubule (DCT). DA-1 receptors in the microdissected PCT and DCT were studied by a quantitative autoradiographic technique and by measuring adenylate cyclase (AC) activity. No specific 125I-SCH-23982 binding could be measured in the DCT indicating the absence of DA-1 receptors in this segment. Binding of 125I-SCH-23982 to PCT was saturable with time and radioligand concentration and was stereoselective. Saturation isotherm analysis in control rats yielded a dissociation constant (Kd) of 7.5 +/- 0.14 nM (n = 4) and a maximum receptor density (Bmax) of 0.69 +/- 0.04 pmol/mg protein (n = 4). The rank-order potency for agonist and antagonist displacement of 125I-SCH-23982 binding was consistent for DA-1 receptors: SCH-23390 greater than fenoldopam = SKF 38393 greater than SCH-23388. The stimulatory effect of the DA-1 agonist fenoldopam (10 microM) on AC activity was blocked by the DA-1 antagonist SCH-23390 (10 microM) but not by the beta-adrenergic antagonist (-)-propranolol (10 microM), indicating specificity. The DA-beta-hydroxylase blocker, SKF 102698, increased renal DA concentrations threefold, reduced the PCT DA-1 receptor Bmax by 33%, and abolished the stimulatory effect of 10 microM fenoldopam on AC activity in the PCT but had no effect on Kd. It is concluded that DA-1 receptors are present in rat PCT but not DCT and can be regulated by renal DA.