gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Oxygen Partial Pressure on the Phase Evolution During Bi-2212 Wire Melt Processing (2016)

We have studied the influence of the oxygen partial pressure pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> up to 5.5 bar on the phase changes that occur during the melt processing of a state-of-the-art Bi-2212 multifilamentary wire. Phase changes have been monitored in situ by high energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction. We found that the stability of the Bi-2212 phase is reduced with increasing pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . For pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> > 1 bar, a significant amount of the Bi-2212 phase decomposes upon heating in the range of 400 °C-650 °C. The extent of decomposition strongly increases with increasing pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and at pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> = 5.5 bar Bi-2212 completely decomposes in the solid state. Textured Bi-2212 can be formed during solidification when pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is reduced to 0.45 bar when the precursor is molten. Since the formation of current-limiting second phases is very sensitive to pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> when it exceeds 1 bar, we recommend to reduce the oxygen partial pressure below the commonly used pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> = 1 bar, in order to increase the pO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> margins and to make the overpressure process more robust.
Design and Testing of an Electrochemical Trace Pesticide Assessment System in Soil Run-Off (2022)

Despite recent efforts and breakthroughs in the development of environmental biosensors, one particular vital component of the environment has been probed comparatively much more sparsely-namely, the soil ecosystem that directly and indirectly affects the agricultural health and throughput as well as ecosystem balance. One specific problem that is understudied is the application of pesticides in crops and other plants often finds its way seeping into soil in a large manner and there exists a leaching effect at the soil and ground water sources. This causes long-term effects that is deteriorating for environmental as well as human health- due to soil and ground water contamination that further causes dampening of food production and safety as well as causing acute and chronic diseases in the human body. The potential for a sensor system that detects in-field: the levels of pesticide residue in soil run-off is immense and would be beneficial to understand its negative effect on food security and food safety by inhibiting soil microbial activity and therefore impacting crop throughput and food quality. This field deployable sensor probe would help promote responsible agricultural practices and curb overapplication of harmful agents to the soil. Electrochemistry proves to be a viable choice of application for such a sensor to track pesticides in soil samples due to its feasibility for in-situ analysis used as well as solving for the ASSURED criteria as given by the World Health Organization (WHO), wherein it denotes- Affordable, Sensitive, Specific, User-friendly, Rapid, and robust, Equipment-free and Deliverable to end-users. The proposed system would have to utilize minimally complex sensor modification/functionalization and no pre-processing of samples. Hence citing all these factors and requirements, in this work- we present a highly intuitive electroanalytical sensor approach towards rapid, on-demand screening of 2 commonly used pesticides in this proof-of-feasibility study- Glyphosate and Atrazine in soil run-off which have a half-life of 47 days and 60-75 days respectively. By studying the levels of soil contaminant residues at the field site-the sensor acts as a screening instrument for soil pollution levels. The proposed sensor functions based on affinity biosensing mechanism driven via thiol-crosslinker and antibody receptors that holistically behaves as a recognition immunoassay stack that is specific and sensitive to track test pesticide analytes with a detection limit of 0.19 ng/mL or parts per billion (ppb) range for glyphosate and 0.15 pg/mL or parts per trillion (ppt) range for atrazine. Then, this developed sensor is integrated further to create a pesticide sensing ecosystem by means of a front-end field-deployable smart device with post-hoc Machine Learning (ML) assisted classification (LOW-MID-HIGH levels of pesticide) and thereby, a universal pesticide screening analytical device is designed and fabricated for pesticide assessment in real soil run-off samples. Figure 1
Repeat‐associated phase variable genes in the complete genome sequence of Neisseria meningitidis strain MC58 (2000)

Phase variation, mediated through variation in the length of simple sequence repeats, is recognized as an important mechanism for controlling the expression of factors involved in bacterial virulence. Phase variation is associated with most of the currently recognized virulence determinants of Neisseria meningitidis. Based upon the complete genome sequence of the N. meningitidis serogroup B strain MC58, we have identified tracts of potentially unstable simple sequence repeats and their potential functional significance determined on the basis of sequence context. Of the 65 potentially phase variable genes identified, only 13 were previously recognized. Comparison with the sequences from the other two pathogenic Neisseria sequencing projects shows differences in the length of the repeats in 36 of the 65 genes identified, including 25 of those not previously known to be phase variable. Six genes that did not have differences in the length of the repeat instead had polymorphisms such that the gene would not be expected to be phase variable in at least one of the other strains. A further 12 candidates did not have homologues in either of the other two genome sequences. The large proportion of these genes that are associated with frameshifts and with differences in repeat length between the neisserial genome sequences is further corroborative evidence that they are phase variable. The number of potentially phase variable genes is substantially greater than for any other species studied to date, and would allow N. meningitidis to generate a very large repertoire of phenotypes through expression of these genes in different combinations. Novel phase variable candidates identified in the strain MC58 genome sequence include a spectrum of genes encoding glycosyltransferases, toxin related products, and metabolic activities as well as several restriction/modification and bacteriocin-related genes and a number of open reading frames (ORFs) for which the function is currently unknown. This suggests that the potential role of phase variation in mediating bacterium-host interactions is much greater than has been appreciated to date. Analysis of the distribution of homopolymeric tract lengths indicates that this species has sequence-specific mutational biases that favour the instability of sequences associated with phase variation.
Identification of the 33-kDa alkaline protease of Aspergillus fumigatus in vitro and in vivo (1993)

Aspergillus fumigatus produced a 33-kDa serine protease (ALP) in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, this alkaline protease was secreted when the fungus was cultivated in the absence of protein, if the pH of the medium remained close to neutrality. Western blotting and immunoelectronmicroscopy studies showed that ALP was localised in the wall of the fungus and was degraded after secretion in the culture medium under conditions of low pH. Although present in the lung during infection, ALP did not appear to be diagnostically useful and was different from the precipitating chymotrypsin antigen used in the diagnosis of aspergilloma.
Identifying salient entities in web pages (2013)

We propose a system that determines the salience of entities within web documents. Many recent advances in commercial search engines leverage the identification of entities in web pages. However, for many pages, only a small subset of entities are central to the document, which can lead to degraded relevance for entity triggered experiences. We address this problem by devising a system that scores each entity on a web page according to its centrality to the page content. We propose salience classification functions that incorporate various cues from document content, web search logs, and a large web graph. To cost-effectively train the models, we introduce a soft labeling methodology that generates a set of annotations based on user behaviors observed in web search logs. We evaluate several variations of our model via a large-scale empirical study conducted over a test set, which we release publicly to the research community. We demonstrate that our methods significantly outperform competitive baselines and the previous state of the art, while keeping the human annotation cost to a minimum.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide permeability of EAA/PEO blends and microlayers (2008)

Abstract The goal of this study was to broaden the spectrum of gas permeability and selectivity characteristics of poly(ethylene‐ co ‐acrylic acid) (EAA) by combining it with poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), which has a high selectivity for CO 2 . To obtain films that differed substantially in their solid state morphologies, EAA was combined with PEO as melt blends and as coextruded films with many alternating, continuous microlayers of EAA and PEO. The solid state structure and thermal behavior were characterized and the permeability to O 2 and CO 2 was measured at 23°C. When the PEO was dispersed as small domains, the particles were too numerous for most of them to contain a heterogeneity that was sufficiently active to nucleate crystallization at the normal T c . The rubbery, amorphous nature of the PEO domains enhanced the gas permeability of the melt blends. In contrast, the constituent polymers maintained the bulk properties in 5–20 μm‐thick microlayers. The series model accurately described the gas transport properties of microlayered films. Comparison of blends and microlayers revealed that the high CO 2 selectivity of PEO was most effectively captured when the PEO phase was continuous, as in the microlayers or in the cocontinuous 50/50 (wt/wt) melt blend. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008.
Fiber optic diagnostic techniques applied to electrical discharge machining sparks (2002)

Plasma sparks from an electrical discharge machining (EDM) process were observed using fiber optics positioned in the dielectric oil. Measurement techniques were developed to observe the spark in the extremely noisy environment. Optical data were used along with current pulse wave forms from the EDM machine to study the temporal characteristics of the spark in both the pulse time and the pause time. During the pause time, extinction of the sparks was longer than previously thought—perhaps due to the remaining infrared radiation after the collapse of the spark. Further, an optical pattern was identified that indicated in advance when an arc was being formed instead of a spark. Spectral data of the plasma spark was obtained by using a scanning grating spectrometer in conjunction with crosscorrelation to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. Average spark temperatures from the spectral data were found to be significantly higher than those previously predicted from energy balances. The results showed a shift in the optical spectra to longer wavelengths during the spark, showing that the spark temperature decreased with time.
Variation-aware analysis (2006)

VLSI engineers have traditionally used a variety of CAD analysis tools (e.g. SPICE) to deal with variability.As we go into deep sub micron issues, the analysis is becoming harder due to many secondary effects becoming primary. Panelists will debate the variability trend and present the order of importance of many variability trends (Vdd, Vt, Interconnect, Leff, Gate Width) and their impact on design tools and methodologies.What new design tools, new modeling methodologies, and new (or old) design styles will combine to address variability?Will conservative design to accommodate variability halt the progress of Moore's Law?Is life as we know it over, or are we facing an opportunity for innovation in tools and design that will move us forward over the barriers that technology has placed in our path?.
Study of radical generated from coumarin dye‐sensitized photo‐initiator systems in high‐speed photopolymer coating layers using laser flash photolysis (1998)

Radical generation from photoinitiation systems containing carbonylbiscoumarin dye with a radical-generating reagent, 3,3′-carbonylbis[7-(diethylamino)-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one] (KCD-DA), with 2,2′-bis(2-chloro-phenyl)-4,4′5,5′-tetraphenyl-1, 1′-bi-1H-imidazole (BI) in a poly(methyl methacrylate) film has been investigated by laser flash photolysis using a total reflection cell. Imidazolyl radical (Im·) was predominantly generated from carbonylbiscoumarin triplet-sensi-­tized decomposition of BI, the quantum yield, ΦoIm· of Im· at an infinite concentration of BI was measured, ΦoIm· = 1.3. The high quantum yield, ΦoIm·, implies an efficient KCD-DA triplet-sensitized photoinitiation system containing BI. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Joint Channel Estimation and Hybrid Beamforming via Deep-Unfolding (2022)

In this work, we propose an end-to-end deep-unfolding neural network (NN) based joint channel estimation and hybrid beamforming (JCEHB) algorithm to maximize the sum rate in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. Specifically, the recursive least-squares (RLS) and stochastic successive convex approximation (SSCA) algorithms are unfolded for channel estimation and hybrid beamforming, respectively. We consider a mixed-timescale scheme, where analog beamforming matrices are designed based on the channel state information (CSI) statistics once in each frame, while the digital beamforming matrices are designed at each time slot based on the equivalent CSI matrices. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can significantly outperform conventional algorithms.
Abstract 1871: Development of pelorol analogues to activate the SHIP1 lipid phosphatase; a novel paradigm to suppress B-cell receptor signaling in human B-cell cancers (2018)

Abstract Signaling via the B-cell receptor (BCR) is a major driver of malignant B-cell proliferation and survival in B-cell malignancies including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The role of kinases in BCR signalling is well understood and kinase inhibitors are effective therapies for B-cell cancers. However, resistance is increasingly common and new drugs are required. In this study we investigated an alternate strategy to block BCR signaling via small molecule activation of SHIP1, an inositol lipid phosphatase which suppresses PI3 kinase (PI3K)-mediated signaling by catalysing the conversion of the PI3K product PI(3,4,5)P3 (PIP3) to PI(3,4)P2. We focused on the exemplar compound, AQX-C5, which is structurally related to the natural product pelorol. AQX-C5 interfered with the ability of anti-IgM to activate PIP3-dependent signaling, including downstream phosphorylation of AKT, ERK1/2 and p70-S6K, and induction of MYC, in primary CLL cells. AQX-C5 also induced CLL cell apoptosis and overcame the survival-promoting effects of anti-IgM or CD40-ligand/interleukin-4. CLL cells were more sensitive to pro-apoptotic effects of AQX-C5 compared to non-malignant B cells. The AQX-C5-induced apoptosis in CLL cells was associated with down-modulation of the BCL2-related survival protein MCL1 in anti-IgM-stimulated cells, and induction of the pro-apoptotic protein NOXA. In addition to effects on PIP3-dependent signaling, AQX-C5 triggered down-modulation of CXCR4, a chemokine receptor important for homing of malignant cells to supportive tissue microenvironments. CXCR4 downmodulation was selective, since AQX-C5 did not alter surface expression of other receptors, including IgM and the transferrin receptor. In contrast to AQX-C5, the PI3Kδ inhibitor idelalisib failed to alter CXCR4 expression, indicating that these effects of AQX-C5 may be mediated via PI(3,4)P2 accumulation rather than PIP3 depletion. We evaluated the in vivo anti-lymphoma activity of AQX-C5 in a xenograft model using the TMD8 cell line, derived from a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Similar to the BTK inhibitor ibrutinib, AQX-C5 substantially reduced the rate of tumor growth and tumor mass at the end of the experiment, without evidence for gross toxicity. These findings suggest that SHIP1 activators, such as AQX-C5, may be interesting therapeutic agents for various B-cell cancers. Citation Format: Graham Packham, Elizabeth Lemm, Beatriz Valle-Argos, Lindsay Smith, Nichola Weston-Bell, Freda Stevenson, Matthew J. Carter, Mark S. Cragg, Francesco Forconi, Andrew J. Steele, Jennifer Cross, Curtis Harwig, Georg Lenz, Lloyd Mackenzie, Pavel Klener. Development of pelorol analogues to activate the SHIP1 lipid phosphatase; a novel paradigm to suppress B-cell receptor signaling in human B-cell cancers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1871.
First-wall sputtering effects in Cat-D tokamaks (1982)

Cat-D tokamaks offer the important advantages of elimination of the need to breed tritium and less frequent first-wall replacement due to reduced neutron damage effects. To capitalize on these features, however, the erosion of the low-Z first-wall coating must be addressed. As shown here, this appears to be feasible if a highly efficient (beta > 0.9) mechanical limiter system can be developed. Still, due to the many uncertainties involved, the simultaneous development of in situ techniques for redeposition coatings appears desirable.
Naphthalene-diimide-incorporated conjugated polyelectrolyte interfacial modifier for the efficient inverted-type polymer solar cells (2016)

A cationic conjugated polyelectrolyte (PFTNDI) containing electron-accepting naphthalene diimide moiety was designed and synthesized to improve the surface properties of the ZnO layer in the inverted polymer solar cells (PSCs). After the PFTNDI treatment of the ZnO surface, the uniformity and hydrophobicity of the surface was significantly enhanced, resulting in highly reduced surface tension. In addition, the permanent interfacial dipole at the interface of ZnO and PFTNDI induced a shift in the vacuum level, leading to the reduced work function (WF) of the ZnO layer. The inverted devices with an ITO/ZnO/PFTNDI/PTB7-Th:PC71BM/MoO3/Ag configuration were fabricated, and the photovoltaic properties were investigated. The reduced WF of the ZnO film resulted in slightly increased Voc values and highly reduced contact resistance. Combined with reduced surface tension, the PFTNDI-treated devices exhibited much higher power conversion efficiency (8.65%) than the bare ZnO devices (7.99%).
18-MHz Silicon Lamé Mode Resonators With Corner and Central Anchor Architectures in a Dual-Wafer SOI Technology (2016)

This paper presents Lamé bulk mode square resonators fabricated in a novel silicon-on-insulator technology, MicraGEM-Si. Structures are formed by patterning two wafers with several etched depths and wafer bonding them to create the released movable resonator structures. Two distinct anchoring architectures are studied: one with suspension beams at the nodal corner points, and the other with a central anchoring support. The center support architecture can be suitable for realizing high-performance gyroscopes. Resonators with different support sizes are fabricated and characterized. Fabricated devices were measured to operate at a resonance frequency of ~18 MHz and quality factors as high as ~42000 in atmospheric pressure, which to the best of our knowledge is the highest reported to date at such an ambient pressure, and ~871000 in 100-mtorr vacuum, corresponding to a f·Q product of ~1.6×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> .
Structural and Kinetic Analyses of the Protease from an Amprenavir-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Mutant Rendered Resistant to Saquinavir and Resensitized to Amprenavir (2000)

Recent drug regimens have had much success in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals; however, the incidence of resistance to such drugs has become a problem that is likely to increase in importance with long-term therapy of this chronic illness. An analysis and understanding of the molecular interactions between the drug(s) and the mutated viral target(s) is crucial for further progress in the field of AIDS therapy. The protease inhibitor amprenavir (APV) generates a signature set of HIV type 1 (HIV-1) protease mutations associated with in vitro resistance (M46I/L, I47V, and I50V [triple mutant]). Passage of the triple-mutant APV-resistant HIV-1 strain in MT4 cells, in the presence of increasing concentrations of saquinavir (SQV), gave rise to a new variant containing M46I, G48V, I50V, and I84L mutations in the protease and a resulting phenotype that was resistant to SQV and, unexpectedly, resensitized to APV. This phenotype was consistent with a subsequent kinetic analysis of the mutant protease, together with X-ray crystallographic analysis and computational modeling which elucidated the structural basis of these observations. The switch in protease inhibitor sensitivities resulted from (i) the I50V mutation, which reduced the area of contact with APV and SQV; (ii) the compensating I84L mutation, which improved hydrophobic packing with APV; and (iii) the G-to-V mutation at residue 48, which introduced steric repulsion with the P3 group of SQV. This analysis establishes the fine detail necessary for understanding the loss of protease binding for SQV in the quadruple mutant and gain in binding for APV, demonstrating the powerful combination of virology, molecular biology, enzymology, and protein structural and modeling studies in the elucidation and understanding of viral drug resistance.
Meta-mass shift chemical profiling of metabolomes from coral reefs (2017)

Untargeted metabolomics of environmental samples routinely detects thousands of small molecules, the vast majority of which cannot be identified. Meta-mass shift chemical (MeMSChem) profiling was developed to identify mass differences between related molecules using molecular networks. This approach illuminates metabolome-wide relationships between molecules and the putative chemical groups that differentiate them (e.g., H<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>2</sub>, COCH<sub>2</sub>). MeMSChem profiling was used to analyze a publicly available metabolomic dataset of coral, algal, and fungal mat holobionts (i.e., the host and its associated microbes and viruses) sampled from some of Earth's most remote and pristine coral reefs. Each type of holobiont had distinct mass shift profiles, even when the analysis was restricted to molecules found in all samples. This result suggests that holobionts modify the same molecules in different ways and offers insights into the generation of molecular diversity. Three genera of stony corals had distinct patterns of molecular relatedness despite their high degree of taxonomic relatedness. MeMSChem profiles also partially differentiated between individuals, suggesting that every coral reef holobiont is a potential source of novel chemical diversity.