gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased light extraction from a light-emitting diode using a two-dimensional photonic crystal (2000)

Summary form only given. Enhanced light extraction is obtained from a light-emitting diode (LED) containing a two-dimensional (2D) photonic band gap (PBG) crystal. The 2D photonic crystal prohibits the propagation of light within a certain range of frequencies in the plane of the PBG. Several methods to modify light emission using a 2D photonic crystal have been studied. A 2D PBG is fabricated in the top cladding layer of an InGaP/InGaAs quantum well structure that emits at /spl lambda/=980 nm. The photonic crystal is designed such that the emission wavelength lies inside the photonic band gap eliminating the coupling to lateral guided modes within the semiconductor, that is a major source of loss in conventional LEDs. In our experiments, the surface normal photoluminescence (PL) at 980 nm is enhanced by a factor of 6 in the presence of a photonic crystal.
고분자 생체재료와 줄기세포를 이용한 조직공학과 재생의학의 최신 동향 (2014)

Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies could offer new hope for patients with serious tissue injuries or end-stage organ failure. Scientists are now applying the principles of cell transplantation, material science, and engineering to create biological substitutes that can restore and maintain normal function in diseased or injured tissues/organs. Specifically, creation of engineered tissue construct requires a polymeric biomaterial scaffold that serves as a cell carrier, which would provide structural support until native tissue forms in vivo. Even though the requirements for scaf-folds may be different depending on the target applications, a general function of scaffolds that need to be fulfilled is bio-degradability, biological and mechanical properties, and temporal structural integrity. The scaffold`s internal architecture should also enhance the permeability of nutrients and neovascularization. In addition, the stem cell field is advancing, and new discoveries in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine will lead to new therapeutic strategies. Although use of stem cells is still in the research phase, some therapies arising from tissue engineering endeavors that make use of auto-logousadult cells have already entered the clinic. This review discusses these tissue engineering and regenerative medicine strategies for various tissues and organs.
Data from Rapid Expansion of Highly Functional Antigen-Specific T Cells from Patients with Melanoma by Nanoscale Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Generation of antigen-specific T cells from patients with cancer employs large numbers of peripheral blood cells and/or tumor-infiltrating cells to generate antigen-presenting and effector cells commonly requiring multiple rounds of restimulation &lt;i&gt;ex vivo&lt;/i&gt;. We used a novel paramagnetic, nanoparticle-based artificial antigen-presenting cell (nano-aAPC) that combines anti-CD28 costimulatory and human MHC class I molecules that are loaded with antigenic peptides to rapidly expand tumor antigen–specific T cells from patients with melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;Nano-aAPC–expressing HLA-A*0201 molecules and costimulatory anti-CD28 antibody and HLA-A*0201 molecules loaded with MART-1 or gp100 class I–restricted peptides were used to stimulate CD8 T cells purified from the peripheral blood of treatment-naïve or PD-1 antibody–treated patients with stage IV melanoma. Expanded cells were restimulated with fresh peptide-pulsed nano-aAPC at day 7. Phenotype analysis and functional assays including cytokine release, cytolysis, and measurement of avidity were conducted.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;MART-1–specific CD8 T cells rapidly expanded up to 1,000-fold by day 14 after exposure to peptide-pulsed nano-aAPC. Expanded T cells had a predominantly stem cell memory CD45RA&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD62L&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD95&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; phenotype; expressed ICOS, PD-1, Tim3, and LAG3; and lacked CD28. Cells from patients with melanoma were polyfunctional; highly avid; expressed IL2, IFNγ, and TNFα; and exhibited cytolytic activity against tumor cell lines. They expanded 2- to 3-fold after exposure to PD-1 antibody &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, and expressed a highly diverse T-cell receptor V beta repertoire.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;Peptide-pulsed nano-aAPC rapidly expanded polyfunctional antigen-specific CD8 T cells with high avidity, potent lytic function, and a stem cell memory phenotype from patients with melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Nonlinear quantum logic with colliding graphene plasmons (2022)

Graphene has emerged as a promising platform to bring nonlinear quantum optics to the nanoscale, where a large intrinsic optical nonlinearity enables long-lived and actively tunable plasmon polaritons to strongly interact. Here we theoretically study the collision between two counter-propagating plasmons in a graphene nanoribbon, where transversal subwavelength confinement endows propagating plasmons with %large effective masses a flat band dispersion that enhances their interaction. This scenario presents interesting possibilities towards the implementation of multi-mode polaritonic gates that circumvent limitations imposed by the Shapiro no-go theorem for photonic gates in nonlinear optical fibers. As a paradigmatic example we demonstrate the feasibility of a high fidelity conditional Pi phase shift (CZ), where the gate performance is fundamentally limited only by the single-plasmon lifetime. These results open new exciting avenues towards quantum information and many-body applications with strongly-interacting polaritons.
Tumor-Penetrating Nanosystem Strongly Suppresses Breast Tumor Growth (2017)

Antiangiogenic and vascular disrupting compounds have shown promise in cancer therapy, but tend to be only partially effective. We previously reported a potent theranostic nanosystem that was highly effective in glioblastoma and breast cancer mouse models, retarding tumor growth and producing some cures [ Agemy , L. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2011 , 108 , 17450 - 17455 . Agemy , L. et al. Mol. Ther. 2013 , 21 , 2195 - 2204 .]. The nanosystem consists of iron oxide NPs ("nanoworms") coated with a composite peptide with tumor-homing and pro-apoptotic domains. The homing component targets tumor vessels by binding to p32/gC1qR at the surface or tumor endothelial cells. We sought to further improve the efficacy nanosystem by searching for an optimally effective homing peptide that would also incorporate a tumor-penetrating function. To this effect, we tested a panel of candidate p32 binding peptides with a sequence motif that conveys tumor-penetrating activity (CendR motif). We identified a peptide designated as Linear TT1 (Lin TT1) (sequence: AKRGARSTA) as most effective in causing tumor homing and penetration of the nanosystem. This peptide had the lowest affinity for p32 among the peptides tested. The low affinity may have moderated the avidity effect from the multivalent presentation on nanoparticles (NPs), such that the NPs avoid getting trapped by the so-called "binding-site barrier", which can hinder tissue penetration of compounds with a high affinity for their receptors. Treatment of breast cancer mice with the LinTT1 nanosystem showed greatly improved efficacy compared to the original system. These results identify a promising treatment modality and underscore the value of tumor penetration effect in improving the efficacy tumor treatment.
Remote oxidation of perhydrophenanthrenes by template-directed hydrogen atom abstraction. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRemote oxidation of perhydrophenanthrenes by template-directed hydrogen atom abstraction.Sean Michael Kerwin and Clayton H. HeathcockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 14, 4005–4013Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00040a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00040a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
[Burkholderia mallei and Burkholderia pseudomallei. Study of immuno- and pathogenesis of glanders and melioidosis. Heterologous vaccines]. (1999)

Parameters of the infectious activity of B.mallei and B.pseudomallei for animals of various species were determined. Pathomorphological characteristics of the process of malleus and melioidosis were studied on golden hamsters, mice, guinea pigs, rats and monkeys. Tularemia, plague and salmonellosis vaccines were shown to have protective effects in experimental malleus and melioidosis. An insignificant cross immune response between the malleus and melioidosis pathogens was observed.
Comparing SESAME and Sketching on Paper for Conceptual 3D Design (2005)

In the early stages of design, several concepts are usually generated to explore the possibilities. This paper investigates how well a computer-based system can support design thinking. SESAME is a novel 3D design system that aims to support creativity during the explorative phase of the design process. We report an evaluation comparing SESAME to paper sketching for early design exploration in an urban design scenario. Through the user evaluation, we illustrate how important it is to support essential properties of traditional sketching, such as rapid creation/ modification, emergent shapes, and tolerance to ambiguity. Additionally, we show that a 3D system can indeed facilitate form exploration at the early stages of design thinking.
Coronary microemboli have long-term effects on regional left ventricular function: MRI 3D strain analysis (2010)

Methods A hybrid X-ray and MRI system was used to catheterize the LAD in 6 pigs and deliver the embolic materials (40-120 μm, 250,000 count). The area at risk (AAR) was determined on first-pass perfusion (FPP) MRI before and after microembolization. Delayed enhancement (DE)-MRI and histochemical staining were used to visualize and measure microinfarcts. Analysis of longitudinal strain was performed on phase-contrast MRI and radial strain as well as global function on ssfp MRI using Segment http://seg ment.heiberg.se. Tagged MRI were analyzed to measure circumferential strain using HARP. The Student's t-test was used to determine if strain over the cardiac cycle differed between baseline, acute (1 h) and chronic phases (78 weeks).
Enzymatic cleavage directly on the probe tip for mass spectrometric identification of peptides (1990)

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry was used in direct combination with enzymatic cleavages by endopeptidases for the identification of peptides derived from recombinant proteins. By this fast and simple reaction on the probe tip, the enzymes produced a mixture of smaller peptides. Molecular weights were calculated in advance and used for verification of the amino acid sequence of the original peptide as well as for partial structure determinations. Since the enzymatic reaction took place directly on the probe tip, sample material and time was saved. This technique may be applied especially in such cases where mass spectrometry alone does not give sufficient information and if the mass range of the instrument is limited, e.g. to 2000 daltons.
TEM study of buried yttrium silicide formed by ion implantation (1990)

Metal silicides are now used extensively in very-large-scale-integrated (VLSI) electronics due to their low resistivity, good thermal stability, and ability to form on Si. Of these silicides, yttrium silicide, YSi 2-x has essentially 0% lattice mismatch with (111)Si, a low Schottky barrier height on n-type Si, and a unit cell based on the AlB 2 -type structure, but with 15-20% vacancies on the Si sublattice. Recent investigations of high-temperature ion implantation of yttrium ions into Si have emphasized the formation of buried-silicide layers. This study is focussed on the microstructure and defects in the vicinity of buried YSi 2-x layers formed by Y-ion implantation into Si. Yttrium-silicide buried layers were formed by implanting 330 or 660 keV Y ions into (11l)Si substrates held at 450°C followed by a 1000°C, 1-hour vacuum anneal. The implant fluences varied from 1 to 3.6×l0 17 Y/cm 2 . Cross-section transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) analysis was carried out using a JEOL 4000EX electron microscope operating at 400 kV.
Genomic Diversity among Drug Sensitive and Multidrug Resistant Isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with Identical DNA Fingerprints (2009)

Our results suggest that M. tuberculosis isolates exhibiting identical DNA fingerprinting patterns can harbour substantial genomic diversity. Because this heterogeneity is not captured by traditional genotyping of MTBC, some aspects of the transmission dynamics of tuberculosis could be missed or misinterpreted. Furthermore, a valid differentiation between disease relapse and exogenous reinfection might be impossible using standard genotyping tools if the overall diversity of circulating clones is limited. These findings have important implications for clinical trials of new anti-tuberculosis drugs.
Crystal Structural Framework of Lithium Super‐Ionic Conductors (2019)

Abstract As technologically important materials for solid‐state batteries, Li super‐ionic conductors are a class of materials exhibiting exceptionally high ionic conductivity at room temperature. These materials have unique crystal structural frameworks hosting a highly conductive Li sublattice. However, it is not understood why certain crystal structures of the super‐ionic conductors lead to high conductivity in the Li sublattice. In this study, using topological analysis and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations, the crystal structures of all Li‐conducting oxides and sulfides are studied systematically and the key features pertaining to fast‐ion conduction are quantified. In particular, a unique feature of enlarged Li sites caused by large local spaces in the crystal structural framework is identified, promoting fast conduction in the Li‐ion sublattice. Based on these quantified features, the high‐throughput screening identifies many new structures as fast Li‐ion conductors, which are further confirmed by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. This study provides new insights and a systematic quantitative understanding of the crystal structural frameworks of fast ion‐conductor materials and motivates future experimental and computational studies on new fast‐ion conductors.
Figure S1 from A Novel Class of Ribosome Modulating Agents Exploits Cancer Ribosome Heterogeneity to Selectively Target the CMS2 Subtype of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Imaging assay demonstrating that ZKN-157 inhibits translation of newly synthesized proteins&lt;/p&gt;
Nonparametric Bayesian Multi-task Learning with Max-margin Posterior Regularization (2013)

Learning a common latent representation can capture the relationships and share statistic strength among multiple tasks. To automatically resolve the unknown di-mensionality of the latent representation, nonparametric Bayesian methods have been successfully developed with a generative process describing the observed da-ta. In this paper, we present a discriminative approach to learning nonparametric Bayesian models under a computational framework called regularized Bayesian inference. In particular, we will discuss how to use the successful principle of max-margin learning to improve the prediction performance of nonparametric Bayesian multi-task models. We will discuss both variational approximation and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods to do posterior inference, with real-world experimental results demonstrating their efficacy. 1
Bioimpedance, dry weight and blood pressure control: new methods and consequences (2005)

Although promising, none of these methods has gained much popularity, probably due to the difficulties in understanding bioimpedance and the lack of gold standard methods for dry weight determination. Bioimpedance will improve dry weight assessment, but further refinement of the methods as well as large-scale clinical studies to demonstrate the accuracy and the clinical value of objective dry weight determination are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Substituted‐clavams: Antifungal Properties, DD‐Peptidase and β‐Lactamase Inhibition. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Maximum likelihood slow frequency-selective fading channel estimation using the frequency domain approach (2002)

This paper addresses the channel estimation problem for slow frequency-selective fading channels using training sequences and the maximum likelihood (ML) approach. In the literature people usually assume a symbol period spaced delay-tapped-line model and additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN). Due to the pre-filtering in the receiver front end, if the sampling rate is larger than one sample per symbol or sampling epoch is unknown (i.e., the timing information is unavailable), the AWGN model is not valid anymore. A more general ML channel estimation method using the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is derived for colored Gaussian noise and over-sampling. A similar idea can be adopted to derive the ML joint carrier phase and timing offsets estimation algorithm.
Baking study of fluorinated 157-nm resist (2003)

A statistical design of experiments for the post-applied bake and post-exposure bake temperatures for two types of resists, the commercial formulation AZ FX 1000P and an experimental resist AZ EXP 20 X, was carried out using contrast, clearing dose and dark erosion as response variables examined. It was found that for AZ FX 1000P dark erosion could be suppressed entirely and contrast improved by employing a lower PEB without significant impact on the contrast. In this manner, a substantial improvement in the image quality for AZ FX 1000P was obtained. AZ EXP 20X was not susceptible to dark erosion at higher post-applied bakes as was AZ FX 1000P. Both resists gave better imaging at lower post-exposure bake temperatures in the range of ~110°C, presumably because of excessive acid diffusion at higher temperatures, such as 150°C. Generally, the contrast achievable with AZ EXP 20 X (>16) is much higher than that possible for AZ FX 1000P (~6).
Message routing in HARTS with faulty components (2003)

The authors develop a routing scheme in two steps for a wrapped hexagonal mesh, called HARTS (hexagonal architecture for real-time systems), which ensures the delivery of every message as long as there is a path between its source and destination. The scheme can also detect the nonexistence of a path between a pair of nodes in a finite amount of time. Moreover, the scheme requires each node in HARTS to know only the state (faulty or not) of each of its own links. The performance of the simple routing scheme is simulated for three- and five-dimensional H-meshes while the physical distribution of faulty components is varied. It is shown that a shortest path between the source and the destination of each message is taken with a high probability, and a path, if one exists, is usually found very quickly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Estrogen Augmentation of Gonadotropin-Stimulated Progestin Biosynthesis in Cultured Rat Granulosa Cells* (1983)

The influence of estrogens on gonadotropin-stimulated production of progesterone and 20 alpha-hydroxypregn-4-en-3-one (20 alpha-OH-P) was examined in primary cultures of rat granulosa cells. Granulosa cells were cultured for 3 days with increasing concentrations of FSH in the presence or absence of either diethylstilbestrol (DES) or estradiol. FSH treatment increased progestin production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas treatment with estrogens alone were ineffective. In contrast, concomitant addition of either DES or estradiol augmented FSH-stimulated production of progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P. Increasing concentrations of estradiol (10(-10) - 10(-7) M) augmented the stimulatory effect of FSH (30 ng/ml) on progesterone production in a dose-dependent manner with ED50 values of approximately 3 X 10(-9) M. The facilitatory action of estradiol was time-related, becoming significant after 36 h of treatment. Granulosa cells were also cultured for 2 days with FSH to induce functional LH receptors. The FSH-primed cells were treated for an additional 3 days with increasing concentrations of LH (0.3-30 ng/ml) in the absence or presence of DES (10(-7) M). LH stimulated progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P production in a dose-dependent manner, whereas concomitant addition of DES further enhanced LH-induced progestin biosynthesis. (Bu)2cAMP also increased progesterone and 20 alpha-OH-P production by the granulosa cells; however, concurrent addition of DES did not augment the actions of (Bu)2cAMP. The effect of estrogens on gonadotropin-stimulated cAMP accumulation was also examined. FSH treatment dose-dependently increased cAMP accumulation, whereas concomitant treatment with estradiol further increased the FSH action. Similarly, LH treatment also stimulated cAMP accumulation in FSH-primed cells, whereas concurrent addition of DES further augmented LH action. Thus, the stimulatory effect of estrogens upon gonadotropin-stimulated progestin production may be related to the augmentation of cAMP biosynthesis. The present observations suggest that intraovarian estrogens may act locally to enhance the sensitivity of granulosa cells to FSH and LH, thereby increasing the biosynthesis of progestins and cAMP by the granulosa cells.