gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification and Cloning of a Glucan- and Lipopolysaccharide-binding Protein from Eisenia foetidaEarthworm Involved in the Activation of Prophenoloxidase Cascade (1998)

Coelomic fluid of Eisenia foetida earthworms contains a 42-kDa protein named coelomic cytolytic factor 1 (CCF-1) that was described previously to be involved in cytolytic, opsonizing, and hemolytic properties of the coelomic fluid. Cloning and sequencing of CCF-1 reveal significant homology with the putative catalytic region of beta-1,3- and beta-1,3-1,4-glucanases. CCF-1 also displays homology with coagulation factor G from Limulus polyphemus and with Gram-negative bacteria-binding protein of Bombyx mori silkworm, two proteins involved in invertebrate defense mechanisms. We show that CCF-1 efficiently binds both beta-1,3-glucan and lipopolysaccharide. Moreover, CCF-1 participates in the activation of prophenoloxidase cascade via recognition of yeast and Gram-negative bacteria cell wall components. These results suggest that the 42-kDa CCF-1 protein of E. foetida coelomic fluid likely plays a role in the protection of earthworms against microbes.
Structural identification of novel glucoside and glucuronide metabolites of (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate in mouse urine using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2008)

(-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant and most biologically active polyphenolic compound in tea, has been proposed to have many health beneficial effects. The metabolic fate of EGCG, however, is not well understood. In the present study, we identified a novel EGCG metabolite, 7-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-EGCG-4''-O-beta-D-glucupyranoside, in a mouse urine sample using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The structure of this metabolite was confirmed by analyzing the MSn (n = 1-4) spectra as well as comparing the MS/MS spectra of its product ions with those from EGCG and EGCG-4''-O-beta-D-glucupyranoside standards. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the identification of a glucoside metabolite of EGCG in mammals. Our results indicate that glucosidation represents a novel pathway in the metabolism of EGCG in mice.
Downsized Boosted Dilute Combustion, Exhaust Compounded (DBDC+EC) Experimental Engine Design, Thermodynamic Model Comparison, and Performance Potential Predictions (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An experimental piston compounded engine was designed with guidance from thermodynamic modeling, then was built and tested to compare the model predictions to measured results. The piston-compounded concept has shown great potential for improvements in efficiency over current state-of-the-art light-duty engines through the use of an efficient second expansion process to more fully recover energy still present in the exhaust gasses, and was further developed into the Downsized Boosted Dilute Combustion, Exhaust Compounded (DBDC+EC) engine presented here. This paper documents some of the more unique design elements of this engine as well as a performance comparison between test data and modeling expectations. Ultimately, an experimental stoichiometric spark-ignited piston compounded engine was designed, five blocks were built, and collectively they were run for thousands of hours. The experimental engines achieved a minimum of 222 g/kW-hr BSFC with a wide region of operation under 250 g/kW-hr, and the performance matched predictions from a thermodynamic model that reflected the as-built hardware. Predictions for a 2nd generation DBDC+EC engine result in a 10% fuel economy improvement over a similar downsized boosted stoichiometric SI engine, with an additional 9% improvement for lean operation at low load. These result in minimum BSFCs of 212 and 206 g/kW-hr for the stoichiometric and lean DBD+EC Gen 2 engines respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Avalanche‐Discharge‐Induced Electrical Forming in Tantalum Oxide‐Based Metal–Insulator–Metal Structures (2015)

Oxide‐based metal–insulator–metal structures are of special interest for future resistive random‐access memories. In such cells, redox processes on the nanoscale occur during resistive switching, which are initiated by the reversible movement of native donors, such as oxygen vacancies. The formation of these filaments is mainly attributed to an enhanced oxygen diffusion due to Joule heating in an electric field or due to electrical breakdown. Here, the development of a dendrite‐like structure, which is induced by an avalanche discharge between the top electrode and the Ta 2 O 5‐ x layer, is presented, which occurs instead of a local breakdown between top and bottom electrode. The dendrite‐like structure evolves primarily at structures with a pronounced interface adsorbate layer. Furthermore, local conductive atomic force microscopy reveals that the entire dendrite region becomes conductive. Via spectromicroscopy it is demonstrated that the subsequent switching is caused by a valence change between Ta 4+ and Ta 5+ , which takes place over the entire former Pt/Ta 2 O 5‐ x interface of the dendrite‐like structure.
Intra-Channel Chromatic Dispersion Measurements with Live Neighboring Signals in a Long Haul DWDM System (2010)

A novel four-tone probe signal is used to measure end-to-end residual chromatic dispersion in single 50-GHz DWDM channels of a long-haul ROADM network while transmitting more than 30 live signals in neighboring channels.
Protocol Responsibility Offloading to Improve TCP Throughput in Virtualized Environments (2013)

Virtualization is a key technology that powers cloud computing platforms such as Amazon EC2. Virtual machine (VM) consolidation, where multiple VMs share a physical host, has seen rapid adoption in practice, with increasingly large numbers of VMs per machine and per CPU core. Our investigations, however, suggest that the increasing degree of VM consolidation has serious negative effects on the VMs’ TCP performance. As multiple VMs share a given CPU, the scheduling latencies, which can be in the order of tens of milliseconds, substantially increase the typically submillisecond round-trip times (RTTs) for TCP connections in a datacenter, causing significant degradation in throughput. In this article, we propose a lightweight solution, called vPRO, that (a) offloads the VM’s TCP congestion control function to the driver domain to improve TCP transmit performance; and (b) offloads TCP acknowledgment functionality to the driver domain to improve the TCP receive performance. Our evaluation of a vPRO prototype on Xen suggests that vPRO substantially improves TCP receive and transmit throughputs with minimal per-packet CPU overhead. We further show that the higher TCP throughput leads to improvement in application-level performance, via experiments with Apache Olio, a Web 2.0 cloud application, and Intel MPI benchmark.
A simple and efficient timing offset estimation for OFDM systems (2002)

A simple timing offset estimation method for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems as a modification to Schmidl and Cox's method (see IEEE Trans. on Comms., vol.45, no.12, p.1613-21, 1997) is presented. By designing the training symbol, the timing metric plateau inherent of Schmidl et al. is eliminated and hence the performance is improved. The performances of the proposed method and of Schmidl et al. are evaluated by computer simulation in terms of the estimator variance. The timing offset estimator of Landstrom, Wilson, van de Beek, Odling and Borjesson (see Proc. Intl. Conf. on Communications, Vancouver, BC, Canada, p.500-5, 1999) is also included in the performance comparison as another reference. The simulation results show that the proposed method achieves significantly smaller estimator variance. Using more samples in calculation of the half symbol energy required in the timing metric is shown to give more robustness against a dispersive channel.
Characterization of the metallic phases in BaCo0.9Ni0.1S1.87 (2001)

The temperature dependence of the resistivity along the c axis and in the a-b plane of layered ${\mathrm{BaCo}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{Ni}}_{0.1}{\mathrm{S}}_{1.87}$ has been measured on a single crystal under hydrostatic pressures. The monoclinic metallic (LTM) phase stable at $T&lt;~150\mathrm{K}$ is suppressed under a pressure $P&gt;1.5\mathrm{kbar};$ it has a nearly isotropic conductivity. Pressure induces an insulator-metal (IM) transition at $P&gt;10\mathrm{kbar}$ within the tetragonal phase. A change from a nearly isotropic conduction to a highly anisotropic conduction is associated with the IM transition. Isotropic conduction in the LTM phase is consistent with its crystallographic structure; the IM transition in the tetragonal phase has been interpreted to be due to a high-spin to low-spin transition of Co(II) ions. The resistivity and thermal conductivity of the LTM metallic phase are typical of those of a normal metal.
Urinary Catecholamine Response to Glucagon in Young and Elderly Patients with Essential Hypertension (1980)

本態性高血圧症, 血圧維持機構における交感神経系の関与が注目されている. しかし, 多種の要因が複雑に関与しているため現在のところ明確な結論は得られていない. 今回, 本態性高血圧症における加齢による交感神経系の関与の差異を検索するため, グルカゴン負荷時の尿中カテコールアミン反応性 (尿中アドレナリンおよびノルアドレナリン排泄値) を指標とすることにより, 老年性および若年性本態性高血圧症の交感神経系機能を比較検討した. その結果, 1) 若年性本態性高血圧症患者において, 交感神経系の反応性亢進をみたが, 2) 老年性本態性高血圧症患者においては, 交感神経系の反応性亢進は認められなかった. また, 3) 若年性および老年性の正血圧者群においては, 交感神経系反応性に有意な差異が認められず, 今回の実験に関する限り, 正血圧者群における加齢による交感神経系の反応性変化は認められなかった. 以上の結果より, 本態性高血圧症における病因としての交感神経系の関与は, 若年性本態性高血圧症では強く疑われたが, 老年性本態性高血圧症においては認める事ができなかった.
Supplementary Figures 1 and 2 from Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Protects Prostate Cancer Cells from Stress-Induced Apoptosis via Both Smad and c-Jun NH<sub>2</sub>-Terminal Kinase Pathways (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1 and 2 from Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7 Protects Prostate Cancer Cells from Stress-Induced Apoptosis via Both Smad and c-Jun NH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;-Terminal Kinase Pathways
Reactividad cruzada entre ácaros del polvo doméstico que sensibilizan a niños asmáticos. Ciudad de La Habana. 2001 (2002)

The domestic mites make up the allergens main source in the domestic dust and they are the main inductors of the breathing allergic manifestations. The most frequently species found are the Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and the Blomia tropicalis. In the last years, the scarce existing crossed reactivity has been studied between mites of different families, oppossite to the great croossed reactivity that exists between the mites of the Dermatophagoides species, what shows that a great polisensibility facing different mites species. In order to identify the crossed reactivity between the mites species of Pyroglyphidae family and to no-Pyroglyphidae family via inhibition-Rast
Targeting the DNA Double Strand Break Repair Machinery in Prostate Cancer (2011)

Regardless of the achievable remissions with first line hormone therapy in patients with prostate cancer (CaP), the disease escapes the hormone dependent stage to a more aggressive status where chemotherapy is the only effective treatment and no treatment is curative. This makes it very important to identify new targets that can improve the outcome of treatment. ATM and DNA-PK are the two kinases responsible for signalling and repairing double strand breaks (DSB). Thus, both kinases are pertinent targets in CaP treatment to enhance the activity of the numerous DNA DSB inducing agents used in CaP treatment such as ionizing radiation (IR). Colony formation assay was used to assess the sensitivity of hormone dependent, p53 wt (LNCaP) and hormone independent p53 mutant (PC3) CaP cell lines to the cytotoxic effect of IR and Doxorubicin in the presence or absence of Ku55933 and NU7441 which are small molecule inhibitors of ATM and DNA-PK, respectively. Flow cytometry based methods were used to assess the effect of the two inhibitors on cell cycle, apoptosis and H2AX foci formation. Neutral comet assay was used to assess the induction of DNA DSBs. Ku55933 or NU7441 alone increased the sensitivity of CaP cell lines to the DNA damaging agents, however combining both inhibitors together resulted in further enhancement of sensitivity. The cell cycle profile of both cell lines was altered with increased cell death, DNA DSBs and H2AX foci formation. This study justifies further evaluation of the ATM and DNA-PK inhibitors for clinical application in CaP patients. Additionally, the augmented effect resulting from combining both inhibitors may have a significant implication for the treatment of CaP patients who have a defect in one of the two DSB repair pathways.
Differential effects of oncostatin M and leukaemia inhibitory factor expression in astrocytoma cells (2001)

The effects of the production of two closely related cytokines, oncostatin M (OSM) and leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF), by astrocytoma cells were investigated using the stable cell line human U373-MG, which expressed and secreted both biologically active polypeptides. The expression of LIF by these cells caused resistance to this cytokine due to loss of the LIF receptor (LIFR), from the cell surface, suggesting its retention. In contrast, cells expressing OSM were stimulated by this cytokine, utilizing an autocrine mechanism, and possessed receptors for OSM, but not LIF, on the cell surface. In these cells the continuous up-regulation of OSM-induced gene expression was found even though the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (‘JAK/STAT’) pathway was almost exhausted due to long-term autocrine stimulation of the cells by OSM. The amount of LIFR was down-regulated in both LIF- and OSM-producing cells and this effect was not found in wild-type U373-MG cells treated with externally added cytokines. To investigate the mechanism of autocrine stimulation by OSM we constructed a stable cell line expressing a form of OSM that is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). This biologically active cytokine was not secreted, but was localized in the ER. In addition, it did not stimulate the astrocytoma cells in an autocrine manner. We conclude that expression of LIF causes resistance of astrocytoma cells to this cytokine, whereas expression of OSM leads to autocrine stimulation.
Effect of GB Virus C Coinfection on Response to Antiretroviral Treatment in Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Patients (2003)

To study how GB virus C (GBV-C) coinfection affects the response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), 146 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients were tested for GBV-C RNA and antibodies against GBV-C E2 protein, and responses to HAART were evaluated. GBV-C-infected patients exhibited a complete virological response to HAART more often than patients without [correction] GBV-C and had a greater increase in median CD4 cell count and a marginally greater median HIV RNA level decrease. This association was found to be independent of baseline CD4 cell count and plasma HIV RNA, which indicates that an association exists between GBV-C infection and response to HAART.
Silicon nanowire–silver indium selenide heterojunction photodiodes (2013)

Structural and optoelectronic properties of silicon (Si) nanowire-silver indium selenide (AgInSe2) thin film heterojunctions were investigated. The metal-assisted etching method was employed to fabricate vertically aligned Si nanowire arrays. Stoichiometric AgInSe2 films were then deposited onto the nanowires using co-sputtering and sequential selenization techniques. It was demonstrated that the three-dimensional interface between the Si nanowire arrays and the AgInSe2 thin film significantly improved the photosensitivity of the heterojunction diode compared to the planar reference. The improvements in device performance are discussed in terms of interface state density, reflective losses and surface recombination of the photogenerated carriers, especially in the high-energy region of the spectrum.
Vertical Ionization (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Supplementary Figure Legends from Efficacy of a Cancer Vaccine against <i>ALK</i>-Rearranged Lung Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
STATIC AND DYNAMIC 18FDG‐PET IN NORMAL HISPANIOLAN AMAZON PARROTS (AMAZONA VENTRALIS) (2010)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is often used to stage and monitor human cancer and has recently been used in a similar fashion in veterinary medicine. The most commonly used radiopharmaceutical is 2-Deoxy-2-[(18) F]-Fluoro-d-glucose ((18) F-FDG), which is concentrated and trapped within cells that use glucose as their energy substrate. We characterized the normal distribution of (18) F-FDG in 10 healthy Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis) by performing whole body PET scans at steady state, 60min after injection. Significant variability was found in the intestinal activity. Avian species are known to reflux fluid and electrolytes from their cloaca into their colon. To evaluate reflux as the cause of variability in intestinal distribution of (18) F-FDG, dynamic PET scans were performed on the coelomic cavity of six Hispaniolan Amazon parrots from time 0 to 60min postinjection of radiotracer. Reflux of radioactive material from the cloaca into the colon occurred in all birds to varying degrees and occurred before 60min. To evaluate the intestinal tract of clinical avian patients, dynamic scans must be performed starting immediately after injection so that increased radioactivity due to metabolism or hypermetabolic lesions such as cancer can be differentiated from increased radioactivity due to reflux of fluid from the cloaca.
Femtocell coverage optimization (2013)

The idea of having a cellular system deployed without planning is quite a challenging one. To have the resulting system work without any human involvement (except for the physical placement of cells) is even more challenging. The motivations for technology to head in this direction are numerous. Among these are the ever-present need to reduce the costs of operating a cellular network, and the need for the cellular network to keep pace with the increasing data demands placed upon it. The concept of a cellular network being able to deploy itself is not new and has been examined philosophically in [1]. The idea of femtocells, or more generally small cells, as a means to fill coverage gaps and to increase capacity is even older. Its roots can be traced back to [2]. There are, however, very good reasons why such deployments have not been successful in the past. The first is that as the size of the cells reduces, in order to increase the spatial frequency reuse, the deployment costs increase (due to the sheer number of additional cells). The second is that, once the cells are deployed, planning such a network manually can be complex and burdensome. If not carefully thought through, any insertion of a new cell into the topology can have detrimental rather than beneficial effects. These simple facts may often ruin the business case for the deployment of additional cells.
Immediate repair before radiotherapy (2020)

Extirpative breast surgeons will often perform a simple plication of the tumor defect, and reconstructive surgeons will perform more advanced displacement techniques, like concentric mastopexy for upper pole defects. The indications for local tissue rearrangement is also controversial with many reconstructive surgeons preferring nipple-sparing mastectomy as compared to breast-conserving surgery in patients with A-or B-cup breasts with early-stage breast cancer. The most important reason for considering extreme oncoplasty is that breast-conservation therapy yields a better quality of life when compared with a combination of mastectomy, reconstruction, and radiation therapy. The mastectomy will leave an insensate breast, and the final cosmetic result will range from poor to excellent. If the patient is going to receive radiation therapy following a mastectomy with reconstruction, the author would generally prefer to save the patient’s breast if it is technically possible and oncologically sound.
A Novel Metal-Based Imaging Probe for Targeted Dual-Modality SPECT/MR Imaging of Angiogenesis (2018)

Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles with well-integrated multimodality imaging properties have generated increasing research interest in the past decade, especially when it comes to the targeted imaging of tumors. Bevacizumab (BCZM) on the other hand is a well-known and widely applied monoclonal antibody recognizing VEGF-A, which is overexpressed in angiogenesis. The aim of this proof-of-concept study was to develop a dual-modality nanoplatform for <i>in vivo</i> targeted single photon computed emission tomography (SPECT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of tumor vascularization. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) have been coated with dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), for consequent functionalization with the monoclonal antibody BCZM radiolabeled with <sup>99m</sup>Tc, via well-developed surface engineering. The IONPs were characterized based on their size distribution, hydrodynamic diameter and magnetic properties. <i>In vitro</i> cytotoxicity studies showed that our nanoconstruct does not cause toxic effects in normal and cancer cells. Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DMSA-SMCC-BCZM-<sup>99m</sup>Tc were successfully prepared at high radiochemical purity (>92%) and their stability in human serum and in PBS were demonstrated. <i>In vitro</i> cell binding studies showed the ability of the Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DMSA-SMCC-BCZM-<sup>99m</sup>Tc to bind to the VEGF-165 isoform overexpressed on M-165 tumor cells. The <i>ex vivo</i> biodistribution studies in M165 tumor-bearing SCID mice showed high uptake in liver, spleen, kidney and lungs. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DMSA-SMCC-BCZM-<sup>99m</sup>Tc demonstrated quick tumor accumulation starting at 8.9 ± 1.88%ID/g at 2 h p.i., slightly increasing at 4 h p.i. (16.21 ± 2.56%ID/g) and then decreasing at 24 h p.i. (6.01 ± 1.69%ID/g). The tumor-to-blood ratio reached a maximum at 24 h p.i. (~7), which is also the case for the tumor-to-muscle ratio (~18). Initial pilot imaging studies on an experimental gamma-camera and a clinical MR camera prove our hypothesis and demonstrate the potential of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DMSA-SMCC-BCZM-<sup>99m</sup>Tc for targeted dual-modality imaging. Our findings indicate that Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>-DMSA-SMCC-BCZM-<sup>99m</sup>Tc IONPs could serve as an important diagnostic tool for biomedical imaging as well as a promising candidate for future theranostic applications in cancer.
EFFECT OF BLOCKADE OF THE α-ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS ON INSULIN RESPONSE TO GLUCOSE INFUSION IN PREDIABETIC SUBJECTS (1973)

ABSTRACT The α-adrenergic blocking agent phentolamine significantly stimulates, but does not normalise glucose induced insulin release in prediabetic subjects. In earlier studies, under the same experimental conditions, no effect of the drug was observed in non-prediabetic subjects. The present data suggest that the diminished insulin response to glucose in prediabetics may partially be mediated by an enhanced responsiveness of the α-receptors of the pancreatic β-cells.