gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elesclomol (formerly STA-4783) induces oxidative stress selectively in cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth independent of immune status (2008)

3300 Background: Elesclomol (formerly STA-4783) is a novel, small molecule investigational drug candidate that stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and preferentially induces apoptosis in cancer versus normal cells. In a double-blind, randomized and controlled multi-center Phase 2 trial in patients with stage IV metastatic melanoma, treatment with elesclomol plus paclitaxel doubled median progression-free survival relative to treatment with paclitaxel alone, with a safety profile comparable to paclitaxel. Elesclomol was granted Fast Track status and a pivotal Phase 3 trial in metastatic melanoma is underway (SYMMETRYSM). Results: Transcriptional profiling was performed on human Hs294T melanoma and Ramos lymphoma cell lines treated with either 100 nM elesclomol or 250-500 nM paclitaxel for 6 hours. Elesclomol, but not paclitaxel, induced a classic oxidative stress response characterized by increased expression of ROS-regulated genes such as HSP70, metallothioneins and antioxidants. ROS was induced by elesclomol 1 hr after treatment, followed by induction of HSP70 at 1-3 hrs. Sustained ROS production resulted in activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway as demonstrated by mitochondrial membrane depolarization and cardiolipin oxidation at 3-6 hrs, followed by cytochrome c release and caspase-9 activation at >6 hrs. We have previously shown that elesclomol inhibited tumor growth as a single agent and enhanced paclitaxel in syngeneic tumor models conducted in wild-type mice. Since HSP70 protein has been reported to activate the immune system, we examined synergy between elesclomol and paclitaxel in T cell-deficient (nu/nu), B/T cell-deficient (SCID, Rag2 knockout), and B/T/NK cell-deficient (SCID-Beige, Beige-nu/nu-Xid) mouse strains implanted with the human M14 melanoma cell line. In each case, elesclomol synergized with paclitaxel and caused tumor regressions. Similarly, elesclomol was found to enhance the activity of gemcitabine in immunodeficient mice. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that elesclomol, but not paclitaxel, induced a classic oxidative stress response in tumor cells, and that sustained ROS production led to activation of the intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Furthermore, elesclomol enhanced the activity of both paclitaxel and gemcitabine independent of immune status in mouse xenograft tumor models. Cancer cells produce increased ROS relative to normal cells, and hence exist in a state of elevated oxidative stress. Cancer cells are therefore susceptible to insults that further increase ROS levels, thus pushing the cancer cell beyond its tolerability limit for oxidative stress and leading to apoptosis. In this way, elesclomol takes advantage of a fundamental hallmark of cancer in order to chemosensitize and selectively kill cancer cells, with little effect on normal cells.
Guest Editorial Rate Splitting for Future Wireless Networks (2023)

Rate splitting (RS) and rate splitting multiple access (RSMA) have emerged as a promising and powerful multiple access, interference management, and multi-user strategy for next-generation wireless systems and networks. This Special Issue is entirely dedicated to the theory, design, optimization, and applications of RS and RSMA in various network configurations. It starts with a guest editor-authored tutorial paper [A1] that delineates the basic principles and applications of RS and RSMA. The tutorial paper is then followed by 17 technical papers.
Bacteriophages as probiotic tools to regulate microbiocenosis and decontaminate food products, animals and plants with microorganisms (2013)

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Universal Plot for Hardness Variation in Pure Metals Processed by High-Pressure Torsion (2010)

Various pure metals (Al, Au, Ag, Cu, V, Pt, Ni, Fe, Co, Ti, Zr, Hf, Mo) including Cu-30%Zn are processed by high-pressure torsion. Most of Vickers microhardness (HV) values are expressed by a universal plot when they are normalized as (HV⁄G)(T⁄Tm) and plotted against εP⁄G, where G, T⁄Tm, ε and P are the shear modulus, homologous temperature, equivalent strain and pressure, respectively. Deviations to this plot are for Al (99.99%), Ti, Zr, Hf and Cu-30%Zn and for when P is below a critical pressure.
Acetyl Xylan Esterase from Trichoderma reesei Contains an Active‐Site Serine Residue and a Cellulose‐Binding Domain (1996)

The axe1 gene encoding acetyl xylan esterase was isolated from an expression library of the filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei using antibodies raised against the purified enzyme. Apparently axe1 codes for the two forms, pI 7 and pI 6.8, of acetyl xylan esterase previously characterized. The axe1 encodes 302 amino acids including a signal sequence and a putative propeptide. The catalytic domain has no amino acid similarity with the reported acetyl xylan esterases but has a clear similarity, especially in the active site, with fungal cutinases which are serine esterases. Similarly to serine esterases, the axe1 product was inactivated with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride. At its C-terminus it carries a cellulose binding domain of fungal type, which is separated from the catalytic domain by a region rich in serine, glycine, threonine and proline. The binding domain can be separated from the catalytic domain by limited proteolysis without affecting the activity of the enzyme towards acetylated xylan, but abolishing its capability to bind cellulose.
Archiving Information Workflows (2018)

Understanding the context that accompanies content is an important aspect of archiving documents. In a twist on that idea, we present a new approach to archiving information workflows that includes context. Using language translation as an example of context-shifting relevancy for different tasks in an object workflow, we show how device options can determine the language presented to the user. This context-shifting behavior is important information that should be archived along with the content in a workflow.
Inflation-fixed lungs: pathologic-radiologic (CT) correlation of lung transplantation. (1990)

Pulmonary infections and lung rejection are the two major complications of lung transplantation. Although the therapies for these two processes differ greatly, they often cannot be differentiated using standard radiography. We applied high resolution CT (HRCT) to seven lung specimens that were obtained from patients who had received a heart-lung transplant. The lungs were fixed by a method that allows for direct one-to-one pathologic-radiologic correlation. We found: (a) that in contrast to the extensive changes present microscopically, acute lung allograft rejection was characterized by only minor changes on HRCT; (b) that bronchiolitis obliterans, the hallmark of chronic lung allograft rejection, was not reliably identifiable on HRCT; (c) that bronchiectasis with associated peribronchial inflammation and fibrosis, a common finding in lung allograft rejection, was identifiable on HRCT, but that the HRCT appearance of this lesion was not specific for rejection; and (d) that pulmonary infections were often identifiable as a mixed airway-interstitial process on HRCT.
Microwave‐Accelerated, Ni/C‐Catalyzed Cross‐Couplings of in situ‐Derived Zirconocenes. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Human-Algorithm Collaboration: Achieving Complementarity and Avoiding Unfairness (2022)

Much of machine learning research focuses on predictive accuracy: given a task, create a machine learning model (or algorithm) that maximizes accuracy. In many settings, however, the final prediction or decision of a system is under the control of a human, who uses an algorithm’s output along with their own personal expertise in order to produce a combined prediction. One ultimate goal of such collaborative systems is complementarity: that is, to produce lower loss (equivalently, greater payoff or utility) than either the human or algorithm alone. However, experimental results have shown that even in carefully-designed systems, complementary performance can be elusive. Our work provides three key contributions. First, we provide a theoretical framework for modeling simple human-algorithm systems and demonstrate that multiple prior analyses can be expressed within it. Next, we use this model to prove conditions where complementarity is impossible, and give constructive examples of where complementarity is achievable. Finally, we discuss the implications of our findings, especially with respect to the fairness of a classifier. In sum, these results deepen our understanding of key factors influencing the combined performance of human-algorithm systems, giving insight into how algorithmic tools can best be designed for collaborative environments.
Imaging Pauli Repulsion in Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2010)

A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been equipped with a nanoscale force sensor and signal transducer composed of a single D2 molecule that is confined in the STM junction. The uncalibrated sensor is used to obtain ultrahigh geometric image resolution of a complex organic molecule adsorbed on a noble metal surface. By means of conductance-distance spectroscopy and corresponding density functional calculations the mechanism of the sensor and transducer is identified. It probes the short-range Pauli repulsion and converts this signal into variations of the junction conductance.
Triblock Copolymers from CO2, Propylene Oxide, and p-Tosyl Isocyanate of Higher Toughness than Polyethylenes (2023)

In this report, a series of ABA triblock copolymers composed of a poly(propylene carbonate-co-propylene oxide)s (PPPC) middle block flanked by two poly(N-tosyl propylene urethane) (PTPU) outer blocks were synthesized in one-pot, using a difunctional initiator in the presence of triethyl borane (TEB). In the first step, the central PPPC block was obtained through the copolymerization of propylene oxide (PO) with CO2. Varying the polymerization pressure of CO2, the carbonate content in the PPPC central block could be adjusted, giving access to PPPC blocks with different glass transition temperatures. In the second step, p-tosyl isocyanate (TSI) was subsequently added and copolymerized with the remaining PO, affording the growth of two outer PTPU blocks without any incorporation of polyether or polycarbonate and the formation of well-defined ABA triblock copolymers as confirmed by 1H NMR and size exclusion chromatography (SEC). Their thermal and mechanical properties were measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and universal testing machine (UTM). PTPU-b-PPPC-b-PTPU (U-PC-U) triblock copolymers with PTPU (hard blocks) weight fraction of 28% and 80–85 wt % of carbonate content in the middle PPPC block show higher toughness than commercial polyolefins.
Synthesis of Hierarchically Porous Silica and Metal Oxide Beads Using Emulsion-Templated Polymer Scaffolds (2004)

Uniform, hierarchically porous inorganic beads (SiO2, Al2O3, TiO2, and ZrO2) have been produced using emulsion-templated polymer beads as templates. The polymer scaffolds were prepared by oil-in-water-in-oil (O/W/O) sedimentation polymerization (Zhang, H.; Cooper, A. I. Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 4017). The inorganic beads were prepared by simply immersing the polymer scaffold beads in a range of inorganic precursor solutions, followed by sol−gel condensation in air and subsequent calcination of the polymer phase. The hierarchical structures are composed of mesopores (diameters 2−5 nm), micropores (in the case of silica beads), and large emulsion-templated macropores of around 5−10 μm. All of the pores are highly interconnected. The inorganic beads exhibit high macropore volumes as characterized by mercury intrusion porosimetry. Polymer−silica composite beads with micropores and high macropore volumes were also produced. These large inorganic beads (diameters 1.0−1.5 mm) are easily handled and separated and may be useful in applications such as catalysis and separation, especially for macromolecules or viscous systems where large pores are needed to improve mass transport into the pore structure.
Adaptive Cache Replacement:A Novel Approach (2014)

Cache replacement policies are developed to help insure optimal use of limited resources. Varieties of such algorithms exist with relatively few that dynamically adapt to traffic patterns. Algorithms that are tunable typically utilize off-line training mechanisms or trial-and-error to determine optimal characteristics. Utilizing multiple algorithms to establish an efficient replacement policy that dynamically adapts to changes in traffic load and access patterns is a novel option that is introduced in this article. A simulation of this approach utilizing two existing, simple, and effective policies; namely, LRU and LFU was studied to assess the potential of the adaptive policy. This policy is compared and contrasted to other cache replacement policies utilizing public traffic samples mentioned in the literature as well as a synthetic model created from existing samples. Simulation results suggest that the adaptive cache replacement policy is beneficial, primarily in smaller cache sizes.
Copper-Promoted ZnO/SiO2 Regenerable Sorbents for the Room Temperature Removal of H2S from Reformate Gas Streams (2010)

The Cu−ZnO/SiO2 sorbent for ultradeep adsorptive removal of H2S from the reformate streams at room temperature was prepared and tested, and characterization of the active sites was performed. The Cu dopant significantly enhances desulfurization capacity of ZnO/SiO2 sorbent at room temperature (up to 92% utilization of ZnO), and the sorbent maintains a high sulfur uptake capacity upon multiple cycles (up to 10) of regeneration by a simple thermal oxidation in air. The “as-prepared” (“calcined”) sorbent contains Cu in the Cu2+ form, O, Si, and Zn as ZnO, while the “spent” (“sulfided”) sorbent contains Cu, O, Si, S, and Zn as the ZnS form, as found by XPS. XRD suggests that both zinc and copper compounds of the Cu−ZnO/SiO2 sorbent are nanodispersed. ESR spectroscopy found that the “calcined” and “sulfided” Cu−ZnO/SiO2 sorbents contain Cu2+ in the single dispersion and coordination state. During H2S adsorption, partial reduction of Cu2+ to Cu+ occurs: the higher Cu concentration in the sorbent, the lower the reduction yield of Cu2+ to Cu+, thus correlating with sulfur uptake capacity. The “deactivated” sorbent (10−11 adsorption/regeneration cycles) is enriched with a different chemical form of Cu2+, compared to the “as-prepared” sorbent.
Loss Factors Estimation Using FEM in Statistical Energy Analysis (2014)

Statistical energy analysis (SEA) is an effective method for predicting the noise and vibration in the high-frequency band. To predict the vibration energy in SEA, it is necessary to identify the parameters called loss factors accurately. But experiments are expensive and time consuming because many test models are necessary to examine the effects of reducing the vibration energy. So we need to estimate the changes of loss factors when the structure is modified to reduce the vibration energy. This paper describes an estimation method of loss factors using finite element method (FEM). We focus on two subsystems dismounted from structure models and modify the design by changing the number of bolts and the thickness of the panel. Furthermore we construct the accurate FE models of dismounted subsystems by comparing the prediction results with the experimental results. As a result, we confirm the utility of the loss factors estimated in FEM.
Discovery of Anti‐tubercular Analogues of Bedaquiline with Modified A‐, B‐ and C‐Ring Subunits (2022)

To date, the clinical use of the anti-tubercular therapy bedaquiline has been somewhat limited due to safety concerns. Recent investigations determined that modification of the B- and C-ring units of bedaquiline delivered new diarylquinolines (for example TBAJ-587) with potent anti-tubercular activity yet an improved safety profile due to reduced affinity for the hERG channel. Building on our recent discovery that substitution of the quinoline motif (the A-ring subunit) for C5-aryl pyridine groups within bedaquiline analogues led to retention of anti-tubercular activity, we investigated the concurrent modification of A-, B- and C-ring units within bedaquiline variants. This led to the discovery that 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl and 4-chlorophenyl pyridyl analogues of TBAJ-587 retained relatively potent anti-tubercular activity and for the 4-chlorophenyl derivative in particular, a significant reduction in hERG inhibition relative to bedaquiline was achieved, demonstrating that modifications of the A-, B- and C-ring units within the bedaquiline structure is a viable strategy for the design of effective, yet safer (and less lipophilic) anti-tubercular compounds.
Computational diffractive imager with low-power image change detection (2015)

We describe a hardware implementation of an ultra-miniature lensless diffraction-based CMOS computational sensor/imager that supports robust low-power on-sensor image change detection and data streaming modes. Such sensors have numerous applications in surveillance, machine inspection and human interface.
LASER PHYSICS LETTERS (2008)

The invention of metamaterials prompts reconsider- ation of an umber of fundamental physical phenomena and en- ables av ariety of unique properties and functionalities. These in- clude negative refractive index, magnetism at optical frequencies, sub-wavelength resolution, backward phase matching condi- tions for nonlinear optical processes, and even rendering objects invisible -c loaking. In this brief review, recent progress in basic theory ,d esign, fabrication, characterization, and potential appli- cations of optical metamaterials is discussed.
Shuffling is not sufficient: Security analysis of cancelable iriscodes based on a secret permutation (2014)

Since the seminal paper of Ratha et al. in 2001 that introduced cancelable biometrics, inner permutation of biometric templates has been widely suggested as one of the basic components to protect biometric data against compromised or cross-checking between two databases. In this paper, we study the case of iris biometrics where an inner permutation corresponds to shuffling the bits of a template in order to diversify the stored data. We analyze the security brought by a permutation and underline the impact of non-uniformity of templates on the robustness of cancelable biometrics: we introduce new attack strategies on permuted biometric databases that enable to reconstruct part of the permutation, leading to a potential privacy leakage. We finally suggest ways to improve efficiently the protection, by designing specific countermeasures, with no impact on accuracy and a low impact on the overall architecture of the system.
Centrifugal bias for second-order but not first-order motion (2001)

Limited-lifetime Gabor stimuli were used to assess both first- and second-order motion in peripheral vision. Both first- and second-order motion mechanisms were present at a 20-deg eccentricity. Second-order motion, unlike first-order, exhibits a bias for centrifugal motion, suggesting a role for the second-order mechanism in optic flow processing.
A context-based fusion algorithm for shape retrieval (2008)

Shape-based image retrieval has demonstrated encouraging results in retrieving images based on their content. A large body of research in this area has focused on finding effective shape descriptors to search for query images. Nevertheless, the boundless image content variation makes it impossible for a particular choice of descriptor and an algorithm to be effective for all types of images. It is therefore reasonable to approach the problem by combining a group of descriptors and algorithms. Since the effectiveness of an algorithm/descriptor is image dependent, we maintain that for this strategy to achieve its intended goal, the combination scheme must be dynamic as a function of the query context. This paper proposes a context-based fusion algorithm to integrate several shape-based retrieval techniques. Query context is used to determine the most appropriate technique or combination that yields optimal performance. In testing the proposed algorithm, several experiments were conducted.
Multistability in a star network of Kuramoto-type oscillators with synaptic plasticity (2021)

We analyze multistability in a star-type network of phase oscillators with coupling weights governed by phase-difference-dependent plasticity. It is shown that a network with N leaves can evolve into [Formula: see text] various asymptotic states, characterized by different values of the coupling strength between the hub and the leaves. Starting from the simple case of two coupled oscillators, we develop an analytical approach based on two small parameters [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is the ratio of the time scales of the phase variables and synaptic weights, and [Formula: see text] defines the sharpness of the plasticity boundary function. The limit [Formula: see text] corresponds to a hard boundary. The analytical results obtained on the model of two oscillators are generalized for multi-leaf star networks. Multistability with [Formula: see text] various asymptotic states is numerically demonstrated for one-, two-, three- and nine-leaf star-type networks.
Generative Well-intentioned Networks (2019)

We propose Generative Well-intentioned Networks (GWINs), a novel framework for increasing the accuracy of certainty-based, closed-world classifiers. A conditional generative network recovers the distribution of observations that the classifier labels correctly with high certainty. We introduce a reject option to the classifier during inference, allowing the classifier to reject an observation instance rather than predict an uncertain label. These rejected observations are translated by the generative network to high-certainty representations, which are then relabeled by the classifier. This architecture allows for any certainty-based classifier or rejection function and is not limited to multilayer perceptrons. The capability of this framework is assessed using benchmark classification datasets and shows that GWINs significantly improve the accuracy of uncertain observations.
Purification, characterization, and antitumor activity of nonrecombinant mouse tumor necrosis factor. (1986)

Mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was purified from serum through a series of steps, and each step was monitored for L-cell cytotoxicity in vitro and tumor-necrotizing activity in vivo. The two activities copurified and could not be dissociated. Purified mouse TNF has a specific activity of 2.2 X 10(7) (L-cell assay in the absence of actinomycin D) and 1 microgram causes necrosis of the standard TNF-sensitive sarcoma Meth A. TNF has a Mr of 39,000 +/- 2000 by gel filtration and a Mr of 16,000-18,000 by NaDodSO4/PAGE. Both molecular weight forms display cytotoxic and necrotizing activities. TNF has a pI of 3.9 and is destroyed by trypsin, protease, elastase, and alpha-chymotrypsin but not by neuraminidase or papain. These characteristics of nonrecombinant mouse TNF clearly resemble those of recombinant human and mouse TNF.