gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental evaluation of intrinsic and nonstationary ultrasonic Doppler spectral broadening in steady and pulsatile flow loop models (1993)

Intrinsic and nonstationary Doppler spectral broadening, and the skewness of the spectral representation, were evaluated experimentally using porcine red cell suspensions as ultrasonic scatterers. Theoretically, the relative Doppler bandwidth, defined as the intrinsic bandwidth divided by the mean Doppler frequency shift, should be velocity independent. The relative Doppler bandwidth invariance theorem was experimentally verified with an in vitro steady laminar blood flow model. It is shown that the relative bandwidth is both independent of the flow velocity and blood hematocrit. Using a pulsatile laminar flow model, the authors demonstrated that the relative Doppler bandwidth invariance theorem did not hold during flow acceleration and deceleration. In addition, a positive skewness of the Doppler spectra was observed during acceleration while a negative skewness was measured during the deceleration of blood. The effect of the window duration used in the Fourier spectral computation, on nonstationary broadening, is characterized.
Diversity of rhizobia associated with leguminous trees growing in South Korea (2012)

This study was carried out to examine the diversity of 34 isolates collected from 11 species of leguminous trees growing in South Korea. Phylogenetic relationships between these 34 isolates and reference strains of the Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium, Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium and Ensifer/Sinorhizobium were analysed by using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Twenty-one isolates were related to Mesorhizobium, four isolates to Rhizobium, and nine isolates to Bradyrhizobium. But none of isolates were related to Sinorhizobium/Ensifer and Azorhizobium. Robinia pseudoacacia and Amorpha fruticosa were nodulated by various genotypes of rhizobia out of them, most of the isolates belonged to the genus Mesorhizobium. The isolates from Lespedeza bicolar belonged to diverse genera of Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium, and Bradyrhizobium. The isolates from Maackia amurensis and Lespedeza maximowiezii var. tomentella were phylogenetically related to the genera of Bradyrhizobium. PCR-based RAPD method and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA results revealed a high phylogenetic diversity of rhizobial strains nodulating leguminous trees in South Korea. Also, the relationships between host and bacterial phylogenies showed that only Robinia pseudoacacia, and Wisteria floribunda have significantly unique branch length than expected by chance based on phylogenetic tree.
Energy-delay tradeoffs in smartphone applications (2010)

Many applications are enabled by the ability to capture videos on a smartphone and to have these videos uploaded to an Internet-connected server. This capability requires the transfer of large volumes of data from the phone to the infrastructure. Smartphones have multiple wireless interfaces -- 3G/EDGE and WiFi -- for data transfer, but there is considerable variability in the availability and achievable data transfer rate for these networks. Moreover, the energy costs for transmitting a given amount of data on these wireless interfaces can differ by an order of magnitude. On the other hand, many of these applications are often naturally delay-tolerant, so that it is possible to delay data transfers until a lower-energy WiFi connection becomes available. In this paper, we present a principled approach for designing an optimal online algorithm for this energy-delay tradeoff using the Lyapunov optimization framework. Our algorithm, called SALSA, can automatically adapt to channel conditions and requires only local information to decide whether and when to defer a transmission. We evaluate SALSA using real-world traces as well as experiments using a prototype implementation on a modern smartphone. Our results show that SALSA can be tuned to achieve a broad spectrum of energy-delay tradeoffs, is closer to an empirically-determined optimal than any of the alternatives we compare it to, and, can save 10-40% of battery capacity for some workloads.
Antihypertensive Effects of a Central Arteriovenous Anastomosis Are Mediated Through Profound Reduction in Systemic Vascular Resistance (2016)

This is a non-final version of an article published in final form in Circulation: Cardiovascular Interventions
Isolation of Functionally Different Human Monocytes by Counterflow (2011)

have been shown to exert various important immunoregulatory functions; for instance, they are required for optimal T-cell responsiveness and T-cell differentiation induced by mitogens”2 and (allo)antigens3’4 and they play an intermediary role in the passage of suppressor signals between T-cell subsets.5 Until now it has not been clear whether the various functions are mediated by the same monocytes/macrophages or whether distinct monocyte/macrophage subsets are involved. Humanperipheral blood monocytes have been found to be heterogenous, both in functional and biochemical properties.68 Furthermore, subpopulations of HLA-DR-bearing monocytes that failed to support antigen-induced T-cell proliferation and that were ineffective in lymphokine production have been described.9 Monocyte heterogeneity has further been demonstrated with monoclonal antibodies that reacted with a I 20,000-dalton determinant present on a proportion of the peripheral blood monocytes. Only those monocytes that displayed both the I 20,000-dalton determinant and HLA-DR but not those that had HLA-DR only, are effective in antigen-induced T-cell
Bladder Instillation of Liposome Encapsulated OnabotulinumtoxinA Improves Overactive Bladder Symptoms: A Prospective, Multicenter, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial (2014)

A single intravesical instillation of lipo-botulinum toxin was associated with decreases in overactive bladder symptoms without side effects. Intravesical instillation of liposomal botulinum toxin may be a promising approach to treat refractory overactive bladder.
Identification of a crystal detector using a block structured nonlinear feedback model (2007)

This paper studies the identification of a block structured nonlinear Wiener-Hammerstein system that is captured in the feed forward or the feedback path of a closed loop system. First nonparametric initial estimates are generated for the three dynamic blocks, modelled by their frequency response function, and the static nonlinear system, described using cubic splines. Next a parametric model is identified. Random or periodic excitations can be used in the experiments. The method is illustrated on the identification of an Agilent HP420C crystal detector.
Synergic effects of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor olomoucine and androgen-antagonist bicalutamide on prostatic cancer cell lines. (2004)

Currently, mechanisms leading to both apoptosis induction and the development of hormone-independence of prostate carcinoma cells are intensively studied. Attention is also given to the possibility of restoring cell sensitivity to hormone-antagonists. The present study focuses on the effect of the combined synthetic cyclin-dependent kinase [CDK] inhibitor, olomoucine and the antiandrogen bicalutamide on hormone-insensitive (DU-145) and hormone-sensitive (LNCaP) prostate cancer cell lines. In both cell lines reduction in cell viability was significantly higher when olomoucine and bicalutamide were applied in combination when compared to separate application of both these drugs. The setting of optimal concentrations for both substances was important for the final effect on both cell lines. The proliferation arrest was accompanied by a decrease in cyclin D1 expression and the activation of p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 pathways in both cell lines. Contrary to the previously described effect of 200 microM olomoucine, weak AR induction after treatment with effective concentrations of olomoucine was not seen in the hormone- insensitive cell line DU-145. The related reaction of DU-145 and LNCaP cell lines to treatment with combined olomoucine and bicalutamide likely provides evidence that the inhibitory effect of bicalutamide may not only be associated with its antiandrogenic properties. The tested substances probably influence different regulatory pathways and these have co-operative impact on the cell cycle outcome. Understanding antitumor and antihormone actions of both agents is essential for the development of novel therapeutic schemes integrating substances with different action. Our results show that the combination of synthetic CDK inhibitors and hormone- antagonists may be one of a number of possible alternatives.
Time dependent polymerization on microfilled and small particle dental composites (2005)

There have been previous reports of time dependent property changes in composite resins. However, the changes in material properties have not been correlated to the ratio of resin matrix/filler contents and composite morphology in previous reports. The objective of this investigation was to characterize the Vicker's hardness changes in two dental composite resins with defined differences in the resin matrix to filler weight ratios as well as particulate size differences.
A deeper shade of green: inspiring sustainable drug manufacturing (2016)

Green and sustainable drug manufacturing goes hand in hand with forward-looking visions seeking to balance the long-term sustainability of business, society, and the environment.
Hyperpolarized 13C urea myocardial first-pass perfusion imaging using velocity-selective excitation (2016)

The feasibility of hyperpolarized <sup>13</sup>C first-pass perfusion CMR has been demonstrated in swine. Comparison with reference <sup>1</sup>H gadolinium data revealed sufficient data quality and indicates the potential of hyperpolarized perfusion imaging for human applications.
TM0416, a Hyperthermophilic Promiscuous Nonphosphorylated Sugar Isomerase, Catalyzes Various C 5 and C 6 Epimerization Reactions (2017)

There is currently little information on nonphosphorylated sugar epimerases, which are of potential interest for producing rare sugars. We found a gene (the TM0416 gene) encoding a putative d-tagatose-3-epimerase-related protein from the hyperthermophilic bacterium <i>Thermotoga maritima</i> We overexpressed the TM0416 gene in <i>Escherichia coli</i> and purified the resulting recombinant protein for detailed characterization. Amino acid sequence alignment and a structural similarity search revealed that TM0416 is a putative nonphosphorylated sugar epimerase. The recombinant enzyme exhibited maximal C-3 epimerization of l-ribulose to l-xylulose at ∼80°C and pH 7 in the presence of 1 mM Mn<sup>2+</sup> In addition, this enzyme showed unusually high activity for the epimerization of d-tagatose to d-sorbose, with a conversion yield of 20% after 6 h at 80°C. Remarkably, the enzyme catalyzed the isomerization of d-erythrose or d-threose to d-erythrulose significantly, with conversion yields of 71% and 54.5%, respectively, after 6 h at 80°C at pH 7. To further investigate the substrate specificity of TM0416, we determined its crystal structures in complex with divalent metal ions and l-erythrulose at resolutions of 1.5 and 1.6 Å. Detailed inspection of the structural features and biochemical data clearly demonstrated that this metalloenzyme, with a freely accessible substrate-binding site and neighboring hydrophobic residues, exhibits different and promiscuous substrate preferences, compared with its mesophilic counterparts. Therefore, this study suggests that TM0416 can be functionally classified as a novel type of l-ribulose 3-epimerase (R3E) with d-erythrose isomerase activity.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Rare sugars, which occur naturally in small amounts, have attracted considerable attention in the food and drug industries. However, there is little information on nonphosphorylated sugar epimerases, which might potentially be applied for the production of rare sugars. This study describes the characterization and functional annotation of a putative nonphosphorylated sugar 3-epimerase from a hyperthermophilic bacterium. Furthermore, we determined its crystal structures in complex with divalent metal ions and l-erythrulose, highlighting its metal-dependent, bifunctional, sugar-isomerizing activity. This hyperthermophilic R3E exhibited d-erythrose/d-threose isomerase activity, with structural features near the substrate-binding site distinct from those of its mesophilic counterparts. Moreover, this metalloenzyme showed unusually high activity for the epimerization of d-tagatose to d-sorbose at 70°C. Therefore, TM0416 can be functionally classified as a novel type of promiscuous R3E with a potential for the production of rare sugars for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Efficient above-band-gap light emission in germanium (2009)

We report an above-band-gap radiative transition in the photoluminescence spectra of single crystalline Ge in the temperature range of 20-296 K. The temperature-independence of the peak position at 0.74 eV is remarkably different from the behavior of direct and indirect gap transitions in Ge. This transition is observed in n-type, p-type, and intrinsic single crystal Ge alike, and its intensity decreases with the increase of temperature with a small activation energy of 56 meV. Some aspects of the transition are analogous to III-V semiconductors with dilute nitrogen doping, which suggests that the origin could be related to an isoelectronic defect.
Sportfiskeapplikation till Android (2014)

Intresset för fiske i Sveriges sjöar har blivit stort, men för att fiskevattnets tillstånd inteska försämras så behöver man värna om Sveriges sjöar bättre än i dagsläget. SverigesSportfiske- och Fiskevårdsförbund har tidigare försökt att få in rapporter på fångster avfiskarna via enkäter och via deras hemsida. Detta resulterade dock i få rapporteringar.Problemet ansågs inte ligga i viljan att rapportera då, i en undersökning, hela 90% svaradeatt de ville rapportera sin fångst. Problemet ansågs istället ligga i sättet att registrera enfångst. Detta skall förenklas genom en mobil applikation vilket ger möjlighet till att rapporterafångsten direkt på plats. Applikationen skall vara enkel att använda för att få inså många rapporteringar som möjligt, men ändå få med den information om fångsten somSveriges Sportfiske- och Fiskevårdsförbund vill åt. Resultatet blev en Androidapplikationsom täcker alla krav som var satta, där de högst prioriterade kraven var att rapportera enfångst med all nödvändig information om den och att applikationen täcker alltså hela Vänern.Applikationen täcker för tillfället endast Vänern som är Sveriges största sjö. Förutomrapportering av fångst så finns det även en informationsvy samt en statistikvy där användarenfår en lämplig statistik över sina rapporteringar. Applikationen väntas att få in merrapporteringar och kommer i sin tur att hjälpa Sveriges Sportfiske- och Fiskevårdsförbundatt ta hand om Sveriges fiskevatten bättre.
Unified control plane: converged policy and charging control (2015)

This article describes a standardized architectural framework that enables network resources and policy control, and charging enforcement for both mobile and fixed networks. These capabilities together facilitate the realization of a unified control plane. The most relevant use cases supported by such a unified control plane are presented and described.
Pressure effect on iron-based superconductors Ca(Fe1−xCox)AsF (2010)

We performed electrical resistivity measurements under high pressures for Ca(Fe1−xCox)AsF (x = 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20), in order to investigate the pressure effect on superconductivity in Ca(Fe1−xCox)AsF. All the compounds show an enhancement of the Tc. However, the Tc shows maximum values at low pressure region below 1 GPa, and the enhancement is less than 1 K, which is quite small compared with that in LaFeAsO1−xFx. These results indicate that the pressure effect on the superconductivity in Ca(Fe1−xCox)AsF is different from that in LaFeAsO1−xFx.
Multi-Pass Renderer in MPEG Test Model for Immersive Video (2019)

MPEG is developing an immersive video coding standard aims to deliver 6DoF (degrees of freedom) visual experience enabling motion parallax and omnidirectional viewing capabilities. A reference software has been made available to implement the immersive standard. To make it robust for various immersive content and deliver sharper synthesis with suppressed artifacts, a multi-pass add-on tool has been implemented for rendering at the decoder side. The tool runs view synthesis multiple times with different selection of views or patches of views in each pass based on the distance to the desired viewing position and orientation and merges the intermediate synthesized views to output a coherent and complete desired view. We share the multi-pass rendering results operating on whole views or on atlases (i.e. collection of patches from views) and compare them to the traditional single-pass synthesis results. We report significant subjective and objective improvements (1.7 ~ 4.2 dB gain in PSNR) for the multi-pass technique in the whole views case while having its synthesis results being atlas-dependent in the immersive coding case.
Luminescent coupling in planar opto-electronic devices (2015)

Effects of luminescent coupling are observed in monolithic 5 V, five-junction GaAs phototransducers. Power conversion efficiency was measured at 61.6% ± 3% under the continuous, monochromatic illumination for which they were designed. Modeling shows that photon recycling can account for up to 350 mV of photovoltage in these devices. Drift-diffusion based simulations including a luminescent coupling term in the continuity equation show a broadening of the internal quantum efficiency curve which agrees well with experimental measurements. Luminescent coupling is shown to expand the spectral bandwidth of the phototransducer by a factor of at least 3.5 for devices with three or more junctions, even in cases where multiple absorption/emission events are required to transfer excess carriers into the limiting junction. We present a detailed description of the novel luminescent coupling modeling technique used to predict these performance enhancements.
Improved operational stability of peroxidases by coimmobilization with glucose oxidase (2000)

The operational stability of peroxidases was considerably enhanced by generating hydrogen peroxide in situ from glucose and oxygen. For example, the total turnover number of microperoxidase-11 in the oxidation of thioanisole was increased sevenfold compared with that obtained with continuous addition of H(2)O(2). Coimmobilization of peroxidases with glucose oxidase into polyurethane foams afforded heterogeneous biocatalysts in which the hydrogen peroxide is formed inside the polymeric matrix from glucose and oxygen. The total turnover number of chloroperoxidase in the oxidation of thioanisole and cis-2-heptene was increased to new maxima of 250. 10(3) and 10. 10(3), respectively, upon coimmobilization with glucose oxidase. Soybean peroxidase, which normally shows only classical peroxidase activity, was transformed into an oxygen-transfer catalyst when coimmobilized with glucose oxidase. The combination catalyst mediated the enantioselective oxidation of thioanisole [50% ee (S)] with 210 catalyst turnovers.
Diffusion MRI in early cancer therapeutic response assessment (2016)

Imaging biomarkers for the predictive assessment of treatment response in patients with cancer earlier than standard tumor volumetric metrics would provide new opportunities to individualize therapy. Diffusion-weighted MRI (DW-MRI), highly sensitive to microenvironmental alterations at the cellular level, has been evaluated extensively as a technique for the generation of quantitative and early imaging biomarkers of therapeutic response and clinical outcome. First demonstrated in a rodent tumor model, subsequent studies have shown that DW-MRI can be applied to many different solid tumors for the detection of changes in cellularity as measured indirectly by an increase in the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of water molecules within the lesion. The introduction of quantitative DW-MRI into the treatment management of patients with cancer may aid physicians to individualize therapy, thereby minimizing unnecessary systemic toxicity associated with ineffective therapies, saving valuable time, reducing patient care costs and ultimately improving clinical outcome. This review covers the theoretical basis behind the application of DW-MRI to monitor therapeutic response in cancer, the analytical techniques used and the results obtained from various clinical studies that have demonstrated the efficacy of DW-MRI for the prediction of cancer treatment response. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improvement ofL-Lysine Production byMethylophilus methylotrophusfrom Methanolviathe Entner-Doudoroff Pathway, Originating inEscherichia coli (2008)

To improve the amino acid production by metabolic engineering, eliminating the pathway bottleneck is known to be very effective. The metabolic response of Methylophilus methylotrophus upon the addition of glucose and of pyruvate was investigated in batch cultivation. We found that the supply of pyruvate is a bottleneck in L-lysine production in M. methylotrophus from methanol as carbon source. M. methylotrophus has a ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway for methanol assimilation, and consequently synthesized fructose-6-phosphate is metabolized to pyruvate via the Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway, and the ED pathway is thought to be the main pathway for pyruvate supply. An L-lysine producer of M. methylotrophus with an enhanced ED pathway was constructed by the introduction of the E. coli edd-eda operon encoding the enzyme involving the ED pathway. In this strain, the overall enzymatic activity of ED pathway, which is estimated by measuring the activities of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase plus 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-phosphogluconate aldolase, was about 20 times higher than in the parent. This strain produced 1.2 times more L-lysine than the parent producer. Perhaps, then, the supply of pyruvate was a bottleneck in L-lysine production in the L-lysine producer of M. methylotrophus.
Inducing Cooperative behaviour in Sequential-Social dilemmas through Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning using Status-Quo Loss (2020)

In social dilemma situations, individual rationality leads to sub-optimal group outcomes. Several human engagements can be modeled as a sequential (multi-step) social dilemmas. However, in contrast to humans, Deep Reinforcement Learning agents trained to optimize individual rewards in sequential social dilemmas converge to selfish, mutually harmful behavior. We introduce a status-quo loss (SQLoss) that encourages an agent to stick to the status quo, rather than repeatedly changing its policy. We show how agents trained with SQLoss evolve cooperative behavior in several social dilemma matrix games. To work with social dilemma games that have visual input, we propose GameDistill. GameDistill uses self-supervision and clustering to automatically extract cooperative and selfish policies from a social dilemma game. We combine GameDistill and SQLoss to show how agents evolve socially desirable cooperative behavior in the Coin Game.