gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Self‐Assembly of Anticancer Camptothecin–Dipeptide Nanotubes: A Minimalistic and High Drug Loading Approach to Increased Efficacy (2014)

20-(S)-Camptothecin (CPT)-conjugated dipeptides are reported that preassemble into nanotubes with diameters ranging from 80-120 nm. These nanoassemblies maintain a high (∼47 %) drug loading and exhibit greater drug stability (i.e., resistance to lactone hydrolysis), and consequently greater efficacy against several human cancer cells (HT-29, A549, H460, and H23) in vitro compared with the clinically used prodrug irinotecan. A key and defining feature of this system is the use of the CPT-conjugated dipeptide as both the drug and precursor to the nanostructured carrier, which simplifies the overall fabrication process.
Do Emotions Expressed Online Correlate with Actual Changes in Decision-Making?: The Case of Stock Day Traders (2016)

Emotions are increasingly inferred linguistically from online data with a goal of predicting off-line behavior. Yet, it is unknown whether emotions inferred linguistically from online communications correlate with actual changes in off-line activity. We analyzed all 886,000 trading decisions and 1,234,822 instant messages of 30 professional day traders over a continuous 2 year period. Linguistically inferring the traders' emotional states from instant messages, we find that emotions expressed in online communications reflect the same distributions of emotions found in controlled experiments done on traders. Further, we find that expressed online emotions predict the profitability of actual trading behavior. Relative to their baselines, traders who expressed little emotion or traders that expressed high levels of emotion made relatively unprofitable trades. Conversely, traders expressing moderate levels of emotional activation made relatively profitable trades.
Leakage current in quantum-cascade lasers through interface roughness scattering (2013)

The impact of interface roughness (IFR)-scattering on the quantum efficiency of quantum-cascade lasers (QCLs) is demonstrated and analyzed both experimentally and theoretically. An InGaAs/InAlAs strain-compensated QCL emitting at λ ∼ 5.4 μm is analyzed in pulsed mode at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Measurements of the differential slope efficiency as a function of laser resonator length allow the pumping efficiency to be measured as a function of electron temperature. Excellent agreement is obtained when comparing the data to a calculation of the leakage current into higher-lying states via IFR-scattering, providing evidence of the importance of IFR-scattering on the QCLs quantum efficiency.
Mechanisms of donor-specific transfusion tolerance: preemptive induction of clonal T-cell exhaustion via indirect presentation (2003)

Induction of transplantation tolerance to alloantigens without general immunosuppression remains an enduring challenge. Injecting a donor-specific transfusion (DST) of spleen cells together with blocking alphaCD154 antibody prior to graft transplantation is an effective way to induce long-lived graft acceptance. Using a novel T-cell receptor (TCR) transgenic (Tg) model of CD4+ T-cell-mediated rejection, this study sheds new insights into the cellular basis for enhanced graft survival induced by DST and alphaCD154. The study shows that DST and alphaCD154 induce an early, robust, abortive expansion of the Tg T cells that results in profound anergy. This is contrasted with the more delayed, regional, productive response elicited by an allogeneic graft. Studies show that the induction of tolerance to the allograft induced by DST is mediated by indirect presentation by host antigen-presenting cells. Based on these observations, we conclude that DST and alphaCD154 preemptively tolerize the alloreactive T-cell compartment to prohibit subsequent responses to the immunogenic allograft.
The Design and Testing of a Low-Cost, Globally-Manufacturable, Multi-Speed Mobility Aid Designed for Use on Varied Terrain in Developing and Developed Countries (2009)

Mobility aids that are currently available in developing countries do not fully meet users’ needs. People require a device that is maneuverable within the home and that can travel long distances on rough roads. To address this problem, we have designed the Leveraged Freedom Chair (LFC), a wheelchair-based mobility aid capable of navigating virtually any terrain by optimally utilizing upper body power for propulsion through a variable-speed lever drivetrain. The lever system achieves a 4:1 change in mechanical advantage, equating to leverage that ranges from 0.42X to 1.65X a standard wheelchair hand rim. In comparative trials, the LFC demonstrated capabilities that far exceed those of any mobility aid currently available in the developing world; it was able to cruise on smooth surfaces at 2m/s (5mph), climb muddy, grassy hills with a 1:3 slope, and navigate terrain with a coefficient of rolling resistance as high as 0.48. This operational flexibility should make the LFC usable on any terrain, from rural walking paths to tight indoor confines, and greatly increase the mobility of people with disabilities in developing countries. The LFC may also be attractive to wheelchair users in developed countries, as its performance breadth exceeds that of currently available products.
Direct Imaging of Iso-frequency Contours in Photonic Crystal Slabs (2016)

We theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a method for directly imaging iso-frequency contours in photonic crystal slabs using resonance-enhanced scattering from fabrication disorder. The results agree quantitatively with numerical simulations and provide information on fabrication errors.
The genome of the green anole lizard and a comparative analysis with birds and mammals (2011)

The evolution of the amniotic egg was one of the great evolutionary innovations in the history of life, freeing vertebrates from an obligatory connection to water and thus permitting the conquest of terrestrial environments. Among amniotes, genome sequences are available for mammals and birds, but not for non-avian reptiles. Here we report the genome sequence of the North American green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis. We find that A. carolinensis microchromosomes are highly syntenic with chicken microchromosomes, yet do not exhibit the high GC and low repeat content that are characteristic of avian microchromosomes. Also, A. carolinensis mobile elements are very young and diverse-more so than in any other sequenced amniote genome. The GC content of this lizard genome is also unusual in its homogeneity, unlike the regionally variable GC content found in mammals and birds. We describe and assign sequence to the previously unknown A. carolinensis X chromosome. Comparative gene analysis shows that amniote egg proteins have evolved significantly more rapidly than other proteins. An anole phylogeny resolves basal branches to illuminate the history of their repeated adaptive radiations. © 2011 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.
Novel overlapping coding sequences in Chlamydia trachomatis (2006)

Chlamydia trachomatis is the aetiological agent of trachoma and sexually transmitted infections. The C. trachomatis genome sequence revealed an organism adapted to the intracellular habitat with a high coding ratio and a small genome consisting of 1.042-kilobase (kb) with 895 annotated protein coding genes. Here, we repredict the protein-coding genes of the C. trachomatis genome using the gene-finder EasyGene that was trained specifically for C. trachomatis, and compare it with the primary C. trachomatis annotation. Our work predicts 15 genes not listed in the primary annotation and 853 that are in agreement with the primary annotation. Forty two genes from the primary annotation are not predicted by EasyGene. The majority of these genes are listed as hypothetical in the primary annotation. The 15 novel predicted genes all overlap with genes on the complementary strand. We find homologues of several of the novel genes in C. trachomatis Serovar A and Chlamydia muridarum. Several of the genes have typical gene-like and protein-like features. Furthermore, we confirm transcriptional activity from 10 of the putative genes. The combined evidence suggests that at least seven of the 15 are protein coding genes. The data suggest the presence of overlapping active genes in C. trachomatis.
Visible light-induced coordination of molecular nitrogen to a polymer-bound cyclopentadienyl-manganese complex. (1985)

(η5-メチルシクロペンタジエニル)トリカルボニルマンガンを担持した高分子錯体から調製した膜を用い,窒素雰囲気下,常温で,可視光を照射することによって,窒素分子が配位した錯体を合成した。アルゴン雰囲気および窒素雰囲気下における反応を膜の可視ならびに赤外スペクトル変化の追跡によって検討した。その結果,高分子錯体膜一窒素ガス系の光照射で,高分子鎖上にはマンガンにエンドオン形に窒素分子が配位した錯体ユニットと窒素を配位していない橋かけ構造を有する化学種が結合した生成物を生じる反応機構が推定された。
Erratum: Parallel genome-scale loss of function screens in 216 cancer cell lines for the identification of context-specific genetic dependencies (2014)

Scientific Data 1:140035 doi: 10.1038/sdata.2014.35 (2014); Published 30 September 2014; Updated 11 November 2014 The original version of this Data Descriptor contained a typographical error in the spelling of the author Terence C. Wong, which was incorrectly given as Terrence C. Wong. This has now been corrected in the PDF and HTML versions of the Data Descriptor.
Effects of Physical Aging on Gas Permeability and Molecular Motion in Poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (1999)

The effect of physical aging on gas permeabihty and molecular motion of poly(1-trimethylsilyl-1-propyne) (PTMSP) membranes synthesized using various catalysts was studied. During aging, the gas permeability of PTMSP membranes synthesized using TaCl5 and TaCl5-Ph3Bi was dramatically reduced, but the gas permeabihty of PTMSP synthesized using NbCl5 was stable. The decrease in gas permeabihty of PTMSP membranes synthesized using various catalysts was correlated with changes in the non-equihbrium excess free volume in the polymer matrix. In the case of PTMSP synthesized using NbCl5, no change in 13C T1 and 29Si T1 (NMR spin-lattice relaxation times) was observed during aging. However, 13C T1 of the backbone chain carbons of PTMSP membranes synthesized using TaCl5 and TaCl5-Ph3Bi increased upon aging. This change probably accompanied the relaxation of non-equilibrium excess free volume of PTMSP membranes synthesized these catalysts.
Intention Sharing for Medium Access Control in Wireless LANs (2015)

In this paper we present a new class of MAC protocols for wireless LANs based on sharing of transmission intentions. We develop an example protocol implementation based on distributed, co-operative scheduling of data frames. Schedules are non-binding, requiring minimal negotiation between nodes. The protocol is implemented on top of standard 802.11 so that backwards compatibility with legacy nodes is maintained. We have developed efficient algorithms to merge multiple schedules from neighbouring nodes and find suitable gaps in which to schedule a given node's frames. To test the protocol's performance, we conducted simulation studies using OMNeT++. Our results show that our protocol achieves higher throughput and lower delay than 802.11 under high offered loads, and eliminates frame collisions.
Robust training of recurrent neural networks to handle missing data for disease progression modeling (2018)

Disease progression modeling (DPM) using longitudinal data is a challenging task in machine learning for healthcare that can provide clinicians with better tools for diagnosis and monitoring of disease. Existing DPM algorithms neglect temporal dependencies among measurements and make parametric assumptions about biomarker trajectories. In addition, they do not model multiple biomarkers jointly and need to align subjects' trajectories. In this paper, recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are utilized to address these issues. However, in many cases, longitudinal cohorts contain incomplete data, which hinders the application of standard RNNs and requires a pre-processing step such as imputation of the missing values. We, therefore, propose a generalized training rule for the most widely used RNN architecture, long short-term memory (LSTM) networks, that can handle missing values in both target and predictor variables. This algorithm is applied for modeling the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers. The results show that the proposed LSTM algorithm achieves a lower mean absolute error for prediction of measurements across all considered MRI biomarkers compared to using standard LSTM networks with data imputation or using a regression-based DPM method. Moreover, applying linear discriminant analysis to the biomarkers' values predicted by the proposed algorithm results in a larger area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for clinical diagnosis of AD compared to the same alternatives, and the AUC is comparable to state-of-the-art AUCs from a recent cross-sectional medical image classification challenge. This paper shows that built-in handling of missing values in LSTM network training paves the way for application of RNNs in disease progression modeling.
Results of 4 years R&D in the IEA Task4224 on compact thermal energy storage: Materials development for system integration (2013)

Since January 2009, experts from the fields of material development and system integration are working together in the joint Task42/Annex24 to develop better materials for the compact storage of heat and to design, build and test systems in which these novel materials are being applied. In the Task, over 50 organisations from 17 countries all over the world collaborated, in national and international projects. These activities resulted in a varied collection of results, from new compact storage materials, through better testing and characterisation methods, to numerical methods to predict the performance of novel materials, of components and systems. This article introduces some of the developments in the Task.
Governance of Software Development (2011)

Governance is the exercise of control and direction over a subject such as a society, an organization, processes, or artifacts, by using laws and policies that are defined, deployed, and executed. In this chapter we develop this definition into a formal conceptual model that can be applied to a variety of governance domains. At the heart of this model lies the concept of the governance solution and its lifecycle. The governance solution embodies the set of mechanisms—decision rights, policies, controls, and measurements—applied to a governance scope in order to achieve some governance goals. As part of the lifecycle, the effectiveness of the governance solution is measured, and corrections and alignments are made as necessary. We demonstrate how this model can be applied to multiple governance domains by providing examples from IT governance as well as software-development governance. We conclude by providing a detailed scenario in the software-development governance space, which looks at large software organizations undergoing transition to agile development methodology. We further demonstrate how the governance model is instantiated and evolved in the context of this scenario.
Tin(IV) Oxide Coatings from Hybrid Organotin/Polymer Nanoparticles (2011)

Tin dioxide coatings are widely applied in glasses and ceramics to improve not only optical, but also mechanical properties. In this work, we report a new method to prepare SnO(2) coatings from aqueous dispersions of polymer/organotin hybrid nanoparticles. Various liquid organotin compounds were encapsulated in polymeric nanoparticles synthesized by miniemulsion polymerization. Large amounts of tetrabutyltin and bis(tributyltin) could be successfully incorporated in cross-linked and noncross-linked polystyrene nanoparticles that served as sacrificial templates for the formation of tin oxide coatings after etching with oxygen plasma or calcination. Cross-linked polystyrene particles containing bis(tributyltin)--selected for having a high boiling point--were found to be especially suited for the oxide coating formation. The content of metal in the particles was up to 12 wt %, and estimations by thermogravimetrical indicated that at least 96% of the total organotin compound was converted to SnO(2). The resulting coatings were mainly identified as tetragonal SnO(2) (cassiterite) by X-ray diffraction, although a coexistence of this phase with orthorhombic SnO(2) was observed for samples prepared with bis(tributyltin).
Introduction of an Isopropyl Group at the Gamma Position of a Hydrindenone Derivative (1994)

Abstract The oxy hydrindenone derivative 6b was converted stereoselectively into the corresponding γ-isopropyl derivative 10 by a five-step sequence.
In Situ Probing by Fluorescence Spectroscopy of the Formation of Continuous Highly-Ordered Lamellar-Phase Mesostructured Thin Films (1998)

Continuous highly-ordered mesostructured lamellar-phase thin films are formed by a rapid dip-coating method. The films are made by a dip-coating process from a sol consisting of tetraethoxysilane and the surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). XRD patterns give sharp peaks extending to 14 orders, indicative of a highly-ordered structure. Film thickness is measured in real time by using interferometry; interference fringes remain constant in height above the sol on the continuously-moving silicon substrate. In situ fluorescence spectra of probe molecules were recorded to trace both the formation of the micelles and the solvent composition of the films as they are pulled in real time. Micelles are formed, break up, and re-form to produce the final structure in 12 s, and the water content smoothly increases from 2% to 60% in the same amount of time.
Optimal Management of Partial Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: Clinical Considerations and Practical Management (2022)

Tanujan Thangarajah, Ian K Lo Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, CanadaCorrespondence: Tanujan Thangarajah, Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, Email tanujan1@hotmail.comAbstract: Partial thickness rotator cuff tears have been diagnosed with increased frequency due to heightened awareness and an improvement in diagnostic modalities. When > 50% of the tendon thickness has ruptured, intra-tendinous strain of the residual tendon increases. Surgery is generally confined to patients who have failed non-operative measures and have persistent symptoms. The rationale for repairing partial thickness tears lies in their limited self-healing capacity, and propensity to enlarge over time and progress to a full thickness defect. Although tear debridement and acromioplasty can improve pain and function, tear progression can occur, in addition to worse results being noted in bursal-sided defects. Several surgical strategies have been recommended but there is a lack of evidence to advocate one form of treatment over another. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss the treatment options for partial thickness tears of the rotator cuff.Keywords: arthroscopy, rotator cuff, shoulder pain, tendon injuries
Occlusion Amblyopia (1976)

There have been a number of reports on the effects of early occlusion on the visual system of cats, monkeys, and humans. In the present paper, a patient with amblyopia resulting from prolonged early occlusion in the treatment of strabismus is described, and implications for management of early strabismus are discussed.
FDG-PET in mTOR inhibitor therapy (mTOR Rx): A study of the relationship between Akt/mTOR and glycolytic pathways (2008)

4966 Background: The Akt/mTOR pathway is a target for anti-cancer therapy but there is a lack of predictive biomarkers for response to guide the clinical development of mTOR inhibitors. [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose - positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) is a non-invasive means to evaluate glycolysis in neoplasm. We investigated the role of FDG-PET in predicting response to mTOR Rx in preclinical and clinical models and correlated the findings with changes in Akt/mTOR and glycolytic pathways. Methods: Six sets of human derived tumor xenograft (xeno)-bearing nude mice models were developed and treated with daily temsirolimus (mTOR inhibitor, TEM) and vehicle (control) for 2 weeks. Each set had 6 tumors in control and TEM-treated groups respectively (n=12 in each set). Tumor growths were measured and harvested at the end of experiment. Preclinical FDG-PETs were obtained at baseline and after 1 week, and quantified as SUVmax. Δ%SUVmax was calculated as {[(SUVmax at 1 week - SUVmax at baseline)/(SUVmax at baseline)] x 100}, and TEM xenos were compared to controls within each set. Tumor expression of pAkt, pp70 and GLUT1 were investigated by Western Blot (WB) and immunochemistry (IHC) and compared to control. Serial clinical FDG-PET scans of cancer patients (pts) treated with mTOR Rx on clinical trial were correlated with clinical response to validate preclinical findings. Results:Preclinical models identified 4 sets of xenos that were TEM-resistant (TR) and 2 -sensitive (TS). The SUVmax of controls in all xeno sets increased after 1 week of vehicle treatment (Δ%SUVmax > 0%). Among the 4 TR xenos, 2 had stable/increased SUVmax after 1 week of treatment (Δ%SUVmax >= -10%)(PET resistant, PET-R) and 2 had decreased SUVmax (Δ%SUVmax
ECS‐3: A Crystalline Hybrid Organic–Inorganic Aluminosilicate with Open Porosity (2011)

Automatisierte Beugungstomographie wurde verwendet, um die Kristallstruktur von ECS-3, dem ersten kristallinen organisch-anorganischen Alumosilicat mit offener Porenstruktur, zu lösen. Die Struktur besteht aus Alumosilicatschichten, die durch eine reguläre Anordnung von Phenylenringen vernetzt sind (siehe Bild; Al türkis, C grau, O rot, Si goldfarben).
Antisense oligonucleotide therapy for KCNT1 encephalopathy (2022)

Developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEEs) are characterized by pharmaco-resistant seizures with concomitant intellectual disability. Epilepsy of infancy with migrating focal seizures (EIMFS) is one of the most severe of these syndromes. De novo variants in ion channels, including gain-of-function variants in KCNT1, which encodes for sodium activated potassium channel protein KNa1.1, have been found to play a major role in the etiology of EIMFS. Here, we test a potential precision therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated DEE using a gene-silencing antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) approach. We generated a mouse model carrying the KCNT1 p.P924L pathogenic variant; only the homozygous animals presented with the frequent, debilitating seizures and developmental compromise that are seen in patients. After a single intracerebroventricular bolus injection of a Kcnt1 gapmer ASO in symptomatic mice at postnatal day 40, seizure frequency was significantly reduced, behavioral abnormalities improved, and overall survival was extended compared with mice treated with a control ASO (nonhybridizing sequence). ASO administration at neonatal age was also well tolerated and effective in controlling seizures and extending the life span of treated animals. The data presented here provide proof of concept for ASO-based gene silencing as a promising therapeutic approach in KCNT1-associated epilepsies.
LSS: A system for production logic synthesis (1984)

For some time we have been exploring methods of transforming functional specifications into hardware implementations that are suitable for production. The complexity of this task and the potential value have continued to grow with the increasing complexity of processor design and the mounting pressure to shorten machine design times. This paper describes the evolution of the Logic Synthesis System from an experimental tool to a production system for the synthesis of masterslice chip implementations. The system was used by one project in IBM Poughkeepsie to produce 90 percent of its more than one hundred chip parts. The primary reasons for this success are the use of local transformations to simplify logic representations at several levels of abstraction, and a highly cooperative effort between logic designers and synthesis system designers to understand the logic design process practiced in Poughkeepsie and to incorporate this knowledge into the synthesis system.