gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Polymers on the Structure and Deposition Behavior of Waxy Oils (2007)

Abstract Recent deposition studies have elucidated much of the underlying physics of wax deposition in crude oil pipelines. However, the physics behind polymer additives used to combat wax deposition has not been thoroughly studied. To this end, three types of polymers that have proved effective in reducing the yield stresses of waxy gels have been tested in yield closed-loop laboratory deposition cell. Tests with a multi-component wax solution with polymer additions of 0.1wt% showed that the thickness of the deposit could be estimated from calculations of the height of the cloud point above the cold surface. Such was the case with addition of poly(ethylene butene) polymers (PEB) and the wax solution with no polymer. Conversely, two maleic anhydride co-polymers (MAC) decreased the cloud point and prevented deposition unless the temperature of the cold surface was lowered below the cloud point. However, predictions of the deposit thickness based on cloud point did not hold if erosion occurred. Erosion was always associated with degradation of the microscopic crystal structure, in terms of shape and/or size. The most effective polymers, the MACs, produced the largest change in crystal structure and the most significant erosion. The polymers also produced deposits with the lowest wax contents and the smallest fractions of high molecular weight n-paraffins. However, one EVA polymer that led to thinner, eroding deposits also significantly increased the deposit wax contents, creating hard deposits that would be more difficult to remediate by pigging. Polymers that increased the wax content did not lower the cloud point, even though they may degrade the crystal structure. Thus the importance of both cloud point reduction and degradation of crystal structure was shown. Tests indicated that inhibition of nucleation kinetics may be important for some polymers. Although all polymers reduced the yield stress of the waxy oil when gelled, they did not all decrease deposition. Efficacy in both yield stress reduction and decreasing deposition could be grouped according to polymer type.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrotalcite‐Derived Mixed Oxides Containing Copper: Catalysts for the Removal of Nitric Oxide. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
III-nitride monolithic LED covering full RGB color gamut (2016)

We present numerical simulation of III-nitride monolithic multi-color LED covering full red-green-blue (RGB) color gamut. The RGB LED structure was grown at Ostendo Technologies Inc. and has been used in Ostendo proprietary Quantum Photonic Imager (QPI) device. Active region of our RGB LED incorporates specially designed intermediate carrier blocking layers (ICBLs) controlling transport of each type of carriers and subsequent carrier injection redistribution among the optically active quantum wells (QWs) with different emission wavelengths. ICBLs are proved to be essential elements of multi-color LED active region design requiring optimization both in material composition and doping level. Strong interdependence between ICBL parameters and active QW characteristics presents additional challenge to multi-color LED design. Combination of several effects was crucial for adequate simulation of RGB LED color control features. Standard drift-diffusion transport model has been appended with rate equations for dynamic QW-confined carrier populations which appear severely off-balanced from corresponding mobile carrier subsystems. QW overshoot and Auger-assisted QW depopulation were also included into the carrier kinetic model thus enhancing the non-equilibrium character of QW confined populations and supporting the mobile carrier transport across the MQW active region. For device simulation we use COMSOL-based program suit developed at Ostendo Technologies Inc.
A Novel Planarization of Oxide‐Filled Shallow‐Trench Isolation (1997)

Two planarization approaches of the oxide‐filled trench isolation have been evaluated. Results show that the oxide‐filled shallow‐trench isolation technology based on a chemical‐mechanical polishing (CMP) process is difficult to control and has a poor uniformity. It also results in a dishing effect in wide field regions. On the other hand, a new planarization process can achieve an excellent uniformity and fully planar surface by using a combination of a masking polysilicon layer based on a CMP process, selective wet etching for oxide refill on active regions, short‐time CMP process for oxide refill, and reactive ion etching etchback. Results also show that the high breakdown yield of the gate oxide and the low leakage current of the n+/p junction diodes with the novel planarization process demonstrates extremely low defect density from this process. This new process is a very promising candidate for oxide‐filled shallow‐trench isolation.
Consistently achieving lowest losses with dual-loop finite-settling-step DC-to-DC converter control by using real-time parameter estimation (2017)

The fast command tracking provided by the dual-loop fast finite-settling-step (FSS) control for a DC-to-DC converter has been shown to have more energy saving capability than using the conventional PID controller. FSS control is developed based on the accurate nonlinear converter modeling. Thus, circuit parameter mismatch can affect the performance of FSS control so that the loss minimization capability degrades. A model reference adaptive system (MRAS) is developed in this paper to provide real-time estimation of series inductance and output capacitance. The estimated parameters are updated for the dual-loop FSS control system in every switching period. This paper develops the theory and evaluates the loss minimization consistency achieved on an automotive traction drive DC-to-DC converter.
Data from Urinary TMPRSS2:ERG and PCA3 in an Active Surveillance Cohort: Results from a Baseline Analysis in the Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Active surveillance is used to manage low-risk prostate cancer. Both PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG are promising biomarkers that may be associated with aggressive disease. This study examines the correlation of these biomarkers with higher cancer volume and grade determined at the time of biopsy in an active surveillance cohort.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Urine was collected after digital rectal examination prospectively as part of the multi-institutional Canary Prostate Active Surveillance Study (PASS). PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG levels were analyzed in urine collected at study entry. Biomarker scores were correlated to clinical and pathologic variables.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In 387 men, both PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG scores were significantly associated with higher volume disease. For a negative repeat biopsy, and 1% to 10%, 11% to 33%, 34% or more positive cores, median PCA3, and TMPRSS2:ERG scores increased incrementally (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.005). Both PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG scores were also significantly associated with the presence of high-grade disease. For a negative repeat biopsy, Gleason 6 and Gleason ≥7 cancers, the median PCA3, and TMPRSS2:ERG scores also increased incrementally (&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.02 and &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001, respectively). Using the marker scores as continuous variables, the ORs for a biopsy in which cancer was detected versus a negative repeat biopsy (ref) on modeling was 1.41 (95% CI: 1.07–1.85), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.01 for PCA3 and 1.28 (95% CI: 1.10–1.49), &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001 for TMPRSS2:ERG.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; For men on active surveillance, both PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG seem to stratify the risk of having aggressive cancer as defined by tumor volume or Gleason score. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 19(9); 2442–50. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bridging fault diagnostic tool based on Δ I DDQ probabilistic signatures, circuit layout parasitics and logic errors (2007)

A diagnostic tool for bridging faults combining three different data sources is presented. The first data source is a set of IDDQ measurements used to identify the most probable fault type. The second source is a list of parasitic capacitances extracted from layout and used to create a list of realistic potential bridging fault sites. The third source is logical faults detected at the primary outputs (including scan flip flops), used to limit the number of suspected gates. The combination of these data significantly reduces the number of potential fault sites to consider in the diagnosis process. Simulation results confirm that the number of potential bridging fault sites is reduced from O(N2) to less than O(N), where N is the number of nodes in the circuit. The tool therefore converges quickly towards the solution while using less resources. A new technique is also introduced to estimate the additional delay caused by the diagnosed bridging fault based on the diagnostic results. Performing this estimation allows us to confirm the previous diagnosis results.
Efficient Huge Page Management with Xpage (2021)

An efficient approach to managing big data workloads is to enable applications to work directly with huge pages. This can effectively avoid or reduce the memory fragmentation problem due to high frequent memory allocation and deallocation and significantly minimize the performance degradation of big data applications. This paper presents XPage, a huge page memory management framework, with three novel features. First, XPage by design can provide automated huge page managements with transparency to both OS and applications. Second, Xpage represents a memory management redesign that brings performance and memory saving to memory intensive applications by supporting dynamic huge page memory management without resorting to splitting huge pages for memory fragmentation. Third but not the least, XPage can efficiently minimize the internal fragmentation without impacting performance of applications. We conduct extensive experiments to evaluate the effectiveness of XPage in minimizing internal memory fragmentation in the presence of dynamic memory intensive big data workloads, by comparing XPage with vanilla Linux using 4KB base page and Linux with 2MB huge page.
Massively parallel frequency domain electromagnetic simulation codes (2018)

This paper provides an overview of the electromagnetic frequency domain simulation capabilities of the Electromagnetic Theory department at Sandia National Laboratories via a description of two of its codes. EIGER is a Method of Moments code for electromagnetic simulations, but it only runs on traditional CPUs, not on new architectures. Gemma is in development to replace EIGER and will run on many architectures, including CPUs, GPUs, and MICs, by leveraging the Kokkos library.
Diruthenium Phenylacetylide Complexes Bearing para-/meta-Amino Phenyl Substituents (2010)

Presented herein is the synthesis and characterization of four diruthenium(II,III) compounds of formulas Ru2(Xap)4(C≡C-C6H4-4-NH2) (Xap is 2-anilinopyridinate, 1a; and 2-(3,5-dimethoxy)anilinopyridinate, 1b) and Ru2(Xap)4(C≡C-C6H4-3-NH2) (2a/2b). X-ray structural studies of compounds 1b and 2a revealed minimal changes in the coordination sphere of the Ru2 core. Voltammetric measurements showed that compounds 1 exhibit three one-electron redox processes: a reversible reduction of Ru2, a reversible oxidation of Ru2, and a quasi-reversible oxidation of an amino group. Compounds 2 display the same Ru2-based redox processes but not the −NH2 oxidation. Compounds 1a/1b were successfully converted to the corresponding diazonium salts [Ru2(Xap)4-(C≡C-C6H4-4-N2)](BF4) (3a/3b) via oxidation by nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate, which was generated in situ from t-BuONO and BF3. However, the attempt to convert compounds 2 to the corresponding diazonium salts was unsuccessful. DFT calculations of model compounds were performed to rationalize some unusual structural and electrochemical characteristics observed for compounds 1/2.
Residual Stress Evaluation of Austenitic Stainless Steel with a Finished Surface by Polychromatic X-ray Method. (1995)

The residual stress in a subsurface layer of austenitic stainless steel with a finished surface was evaluated by the polychromatic X-ray method. A surface of austenitic stainless steel SUS316 plate was ground and lapped as the specimen. In this method, the relation between strain and depth was approximated with a linear function or an exponential function, and it was assumed that the plane stress state existed in each subsurface layer in the depth direction of the specimen. As a result, the residual strain which was estimated under the assumption of the exponential function showed more reasonable distribution than that of the linear function. In addition, the residual stress which was calculated from the strain distribution was maximum tension at the surface of the specimen, and maximum compression at a position 3 μm below the surface. Therefore, the steep gradient of residual stress could be confirmed in a subsurface layer of the SUS316 with a finished surface.
Supplementary Figure S5 from Dissecting the Mechanisms Underlying the Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS) Mediated by T-Cell Bispecific Antibodies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S5. Overview of GO Biological process pathways found enriched in A. CD4+ T cells (6 hrs), B. CD8+ T cells (6 hrs), C. monocytes (6 hrs) and D. neutrophils (4 hrs) after treatment with 0.2 μg/mL CD20-TCB.&lt;/p&gt;
On the coupled focusing and tracking performances of a high-speed optical disk drive (2008)

The coupling dynamic between the focusing and tracking axis of a high speed optical disk drive system is exploited from the theoretical and experimental perspectives. By assuming the fact that the coupling dynamic is mainly due to the misalignment of the mass center and centroid of magnetic forces, a mathematical model of considered system is derived according to the first-principle method. Afterwards, experimental testings are carried out to identify some system coefficients and thereby verify the consistency of the theoretical model with practical system. The results turn out that the misalignment of mass center with centroid is not the only dominant reason for coupling, some other coupling mechanisms, such as stiffness coupling of the suspension wires, electro-magnet coupling and some nonlinearities in the system may also play some critical rule in the coupling dynamic. This analysis dedicates some deep insights of coupling phenomena for high speed disk drive, even though some phenomena could be roughly modeled by uncertainties insider the system.
Neuro-Inspired Deep Neural Networks with Sparse, Strong Activations (2022)

While end-to-end training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) yields state of the art performance in an increasing array of applications, it does not provide insight into, or control over, the features being extracted. We report here on a promising neuro-inspired approach to DNNs with sparser and stronger activations. We use standard stochastic gradient training, supplementing the end-to-end discriminative cost function with layer-wise costs promoting Hebbian ("fire together," "wire together") updates for highly active neurons, and anti-Hebbian updates for the remaining neurons. Instead of batch norm, we use divisive normalization of activations (suppressing weak outputs using strong outputs), along with implicit $\ell_2$ normalization of neuronal weights. Experiments with standard image classification tasks on CIFAR-10 demonstrate that, relative to baseline end-to-end trained architectures, our proposed architecture (a) leads to sparser activations (with only a slight compromise on accuracy), (b) exhibits more robustness to noise (without being trained on noisy data), (c) exhibits more robustness to adversarial perturbations (without adversarial training).
Differences in the Performance of Allyl Based Palladium Precatalysts for Suzuki‐Miyaura Reactions (2020)

Palladium(II) precatalysts are used extensively to facilitate cross-coupling reactions because they are bench stable and give high activity. As a result, precatalysts such as Buchwald's palladacycles, Organ's PEPPSI species, Nolan's allyl-based complexes, and Yale's 1-<i>tert</i>-butylindenyl containing complexes, are all commercially available. Comparing the performance of the different classes of precatalysts is challenging because they are typically used under different conditions, in part because they are reduced to the active species via different pathways. However, within a particular class of precatalyst, it is easier to compare performance because they activate via similar pathways and are used under the same conditions. Here, we evaluate the activity of different allyl-based precatalysts, such as (η<sup>3</sup>-allyl)PdCl(L), (η<sup>3</sup>-crotyl)PdCl(L), (η<sup>3</sup>-cinnamyl)PdCl(L), and (η<sup>3</sup>-1-<i>tert</i>-butylindenyl)PdCl(L) in Suzuki-Miyaura reactions. Specifically, we evaluate precatalyst performance as the ancillary ligand (NHC or phosphine), reaction conditions, and substrates are varied. In some cases, we connect relative activity to both the mechanism of activation and the prevalence of the formation of inactive palladium(I) dimers. Additionally, we compare the performance of <i>in situ</i> generated precatalysts with commonly used palladium sources such as tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (Pd<sub>2</sub>dba<sub>3</sub>), bis(acetonitrile)dichloropalladium(II) (Pd(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>), and palladium acetate. Our results provide information about which precatalyst to use under different conditions.
One-step functionalization of carbon nanotubes by free-radical modification for the preparation of nanocomposite bipolar plates in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (2008)

This study presents a novel one-step preparation of functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) by free-radical modification. MA-POA, i.e.maleic anhydride (MA) grafted on molecular weight 400 and 2000 poly(oxyalkylene)amines (POA400 and POA2000), was attached onto the MWCNTs, forming MWCNTs/MA-POA400 and MWCNTs/MA-POA2000. The functionalized MWCNTs, especially MWCNTs/MA-POA2000, exhibited higher solubility than the pristine MWCNTs in organic solvents and were well dispersion in a vinyl ester matrix. Furthermore, this study also investigated mechanical, electrical and single fuel cell properties of functionalized MWCNT nanocomposite bipolar plates for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The flexural strength of the nanocomposite bipolar plates containing 2 wt% MWCNTs/MA-POA2000 was increased from 28 MPa to 48.33MPa. In addition, the in-plane and through-plane electrical conductivities and half-cell resistance of the nanocomposite bipolar plates were 780%, 168% and 253%, respectivel,y higher than those of the original composite bipolar plates with the addition of only a small quantity (1 wt%) of MWCNTs/MA-POA2000. The maximum current density and power density of the single cell tests of the nanocomposite bipolar plate with 1 wt% MWCNTs/MA-POA2000 were enhanced from 1.03 to 1.32 A cm−2 and from 0.392 to 0.580 W cm−2, respectively. The overall performance confirms the MWCNTs/MA-POA2000 nanocomposite bipolar plates prepared in this study are suitable for PEMFC application.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Human Renal Cancer Cells Express a Novel Membrane-Bound Interleukin-15 that Induces, in Response to the Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α Chain, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Human Renal Cancer Cells Express a Novel Membrane-Bound Interleukin-15 that Induces, in Response to the Soluble Interleukin-15 Receptor α Chain, Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
Observation of Size-Dependent Thermalization in CdSe Nanocrystals Using Time-Resolved Photoluminescence Spectroscopy (2011)

We report heat dissipation times in semiconductor nanocrystals of CdSe. Specifically, a previously unresolved, subnanosecond decay component in the low-temperature photoluminescence decay dynamics exhibits longer decay lifetimes (tens to hundreds of picoseconds) for larger nanocrystals as well as a size-independent, ~25-meV spectral shift. We attribute the fast relaxation to transient phonon-mediated relaxation arising from nonequilibrium acoustic phonons. Following acoustic phonon dissipation, the dark exciton state recombines more slowly via LO-phonon assistance resulting in the observed spectral shift. The measured relaxation time scales agree with classical calculations of thermal diffusion, indicating that interfacial thermal conductivity does not limit thermal transport in these semiconductor nanocrystal dispersions.
A specific subset of SR proteins shuttles continuously between the nucleus and the cytoplasm (1998)

The SR proteins constitute a large family of nuclear phosphoproteins required for constitutive pre-mRNA splicing. These factors also have global, concentration-dependent effects on alternative splicing regulation and this activity is antagonized by members of the hnRNP A/B family of proteins. We show here that whereas some human SR proteins are confined to the nucleus, three of them-SF2/ASF, SRp20, and 9G8-shuttle rapidly and continuously between the nucleus and the cytoplasm. By swapping the corresponding domains between shuttling and nonshuttling SR proteins, we show that the carboxy-terminal arginine/serine-rich (RS) domain is required for shuttling. This domain, however, is not sufficient to promote shuttling of an unrelated protein reporter, suggesting that stable RNA binding mediated by the RNA-recognition motifs may be required for shuttling. Consistent with such a requirement, a double point-mutation in RRM1 of SF2/ASF that impairs RNA binding prevents the protein from shuttling. In addition, we show that phosphorylation of the RS domain affects the shuttling properties of SR proteins. These findings show that different SR proteins have unique intracellular transport properties and suggest that the family members that shuttle may have roles not only in nuclear pre-mRNA splicing but also in mRNA transport, cytoplasmic events, and/or processes that involve communication between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
Heralded Quantum Random Access Memory in a Scalable Photonic Integrated Circuit Platform (2021)

We propose a scalable photonic integrated circuit implementation of a heralded quantum random access memory and analyze its theoretical operation fidelity and efficiency.
Evaluation of the Performance of TiO[sub 2]–CeO[sub 2] Bilayer Coatings as Photoanodes for Corrosion Protection of Copper (2006)

Bilayer coatings consisting of a CeO2 inner layer and a TiO 2 outer layer were made on copper substrates (Cu|CeO 2|TiO2) and the photoelectrochemical properties of the derived bilayered photoelectrodes for corrosion protection application was investigated and compared with the performance of our previously studied Sb-SnO2-TiO2 bilayered photoelectrodes coating for similar applications. TiO2 and CeO2 sols were used for preparing the coatings. Investigations on the charge storage capacity of the two different bilayered coatings revealed that the Sb-SnO2-TiO2 system is capable of storing higher charge at less negative applied potentials, i.e., -600 mV vs SCE, whereas, the CeO2-TiO2 system stores higher charge at more negative applied potentials, i.e., -900 mV vs SCE. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.