gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of fiber Bragg grating filter/tap module to a wavelength-locked low-chirp directly-modulated 10 Gb/s RZ transmitter (2002)

In summary we have demonstrated a fiber Bragg grating discriminator and tap monitor module for use in a low-chirp, high-power directly modulated RZ source at 10 Gb/s for ultra-long haul DWDM transmission systems. The fiber gratings provide both pulse shaping and wavelength locking capability in a compact all-fiber design.
Image classification and interpolation (2012)

We have developed a novel interpolation method for images containing text, graphics and natural scenes. The method allows us to select the best interpolation algorithm for different regions of an image. In particular, we segment the image into graphical and natural regions and use the appropriate algorithm for each region. The natural regions are interpolated using a current state-of-the-art algorithm. However, when applied to graphical images, the current state-of-the-art interpolators tend to produce artifacts at edge discontinuities. Thus, we developed a novel approach which we call Low Entropy Interpolation (LEI) algorithm for the graphical images. The LEI algorithm is highly non-linear and produces very sharp edges with very few defects necessary for good quality interpolation of graphical images.
Retinotopic organization of human visual cortex mapped with positron- emission tomography (1987)

The retinotopic organization of primary visual cortex was mapped in normal human volunteers. Positron-emission tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow were employed to detect focal functional brain activation. Oxygen-15-labeled water, delivered by intravenous bolus, was used as the blood flow tracer to allow multiple stimulated-state (n = 5) and control-state (n = 3) measurements to be acquired for each of 7 subjects. Responses were identified by applying a maximum-detection algorithm to subtraction-format images of the stimulus-induced change in cerebral blood flow. Response locales were described using a standardized system of stereotactic coordinates. Changes in stimulus location (macular, perimacular, peripheral, upper-field, lower-field) caused systematic, highly significant changes in response locale within visual cortex. Discrete extrastriate visual responses were also observed.
Near-field for electrodynamics at sub-wavelength scales: Generalizing to an arbitrary number of dielectrics (2012)

We extend the recently developed near-field (NF) method to include an arbitrary number of dielectrics. NF assumes that the dipoles and fields respond instantaneously to the density, without retardation. The central task in NF is the solution of the Poisson equation for every time step, which is here done by a conjugate gradient method which handles any dielectric distribution. The optical response of any metal-dielectric system can now be studied very efficiently in the near field region. The improved NF method is first applied to simple benchmark systems: a gold nanoparticle in vacuum and embedded in silica. The surface plasmons in these systems and their dependence on the dielectrics are reproduced in the new NF approach. As a further application, we study a silver nanoparticle-based structure for the optical detection of a "lipid" (i.e., dielectric) layer in water, where the layer is wrapping around part of the metallic nanostructure. We show the ~0.1-0.15 eV shift in the spectrum due to the presence of the layer, for both spherical and non-spherical (sphere+rod) systems with various polarizations.
Water-deficit responsive microRNAs in the primary root growth zone of maize (2019)

We have identified a number of maize miRNAs that respond to specific water deficits applied to the primary root growth zone. We have also identified transcripts that are targets for miRNA regulation in the root growth zone under water-deficit stress. The miR399e,i,j-3p that is known to regulate phosphate uptake in response to nutrient deficiencies responds to water-deficit stress, however, at the seedling stage the seed provides adequate nutrients for root growth thus miR399e,i,j-3p may play a separate role in water-deficit responses. A water-deficit regulated maize transcript, similar to known miR399 target mimics, was identified and we hypothesized that it is another regulatory player, moderating the role of miR399e,i,j-3p, in primary root growth zone water deficit responses.
A numerical investigation of deflagration propagation and transition to detonation in a microchannel with detailed chemistry: Effects of thermal boundary conditions and vitiation (2023)

We numerically investigate the premixed flame acceleration (FA) and the subsequent deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) of pure and vitiated fuel/oxidizer mixtures in a microchannel under two extreme wall thermal conditions—an adiabatic wall and a hot, preheated isothermal wall. The numerical simulations are conducted using AMReX-Combustion PeleC, an exascale compressible reacting flow solver that leverages load-balanced block-structured adaptive mesh refinement to enable high-fidelity direct numerical simulation. We perform these simulations for a hydrogen combustion system. While it is widely known that adiabatic walls strongly promote the occurrence of DDT via FA, such a mechanism of DDT is found to be strongly limited by the flame speeds of the unreacted mixture and hence is intrinsically tied to the mixture composition. We demonstrate that the addition of water (i.e., vitiation) to the unreacted mixture leads to a significant reduction in the flame speed, thereby slowing down the FA process and subsequent DDT. With isothermal preheated walls, the pure fuel cases preferentially propagate along the wall after an auto-ignition event, leading to the formation of a “secondary” finger-flame. This secondary front subsequently undergoes transverse expansion, following which deceleration of the flame is observed. The vitiated fuel cases also exhibit a similar behavior, nonetheless exhibit much longer time-scales of auto-ignition and propagation, in addition to stronger deceleration. In summary, this study presents one of the very few simulations in the FA and DDT literature that employ detailed chemical kinetics for both adiabatic and isothermal walls.
Inverse Orbit Response Matrix Measurements: A Possible On-Line Tool for Optics Control in Storage Rings (2021)

We propose a novel technique to measure the linear optics in storage rings based on the acquisition of the inverse orbit response matrix (iORM). The iORM consists in the orbit correctors magnets (OCM) strength changes needed to produce a local orbit variation in each beam position monitor (BPM). This measurement can be implemented by introducing sequentially small changes in the BPM offsets and logging the OCM setting variations when the orbit correction is running. Very high precision and accuracy in the OCM set-points is required which poses a considerable challenge. Since the orbit feedback (FOFB) is kept running, the iORM could potentially be acquired in parallel to users storage ring operation. Since the iORM is very linear and local, optics perturbations could be easily diagnosed online. This paper introduces the iORM measurement concept and presents the progress of these studies at ALBA, where the implementation of this technique is limited by hysteresis effects in the OCM and the FOFB performance.
Fractional spur suppression in all-digital phase-locked loops (2015)

In this paper, fractional spur suppression techniques for all-digital PLLs (ADPLLs) are summarized. The attention is paid to the recently proposed digital-to-time converter (DTC)-based ADPLL architecture. DTC's nonlinearity dominates the fractional spurs contribution. Its influence is modeled with a pseudo phase-domain ADPLL and its relationship with the spur level is quantitatively described. An LMS algorithm is adopted to calibrate the DTC gain. Furthermore, an improved adaptive algorithm is proposed to suppress the fractional spurs.
Centripetal flow of pseudopodial surface components could propel the amoeboid movement of Caenorhabditis elegans spermatozoa. (1982)

Latex beads and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) were used to examine the movement of membrane components on amoeboid spermatozoa of Caenorhabditis elegans. The behavior of beads attached to the cell revealed continuous, directed movement from the tip of the pseudopod to its base, but no movement on the cell body. Lectin receptors are also cleared from the pseudopod (4). Blocking preexisting lectin receptors with unlabeled WGA followed by pulse-labeling wih fluorescent WGA showed that new lectin receptors are continuously inserted at the tip of the pseudopod. Like latex beads, these new lectin receptors move continuously over the pseudopod surface to the cell body-pseudopod junction where they are probably internalized. Mutants altering the rate of membrane flow, and eliminating its topographical asymmetry, have been identified. Together with the observation that fluorescent phospholipids are cleared from the pseudopod of developing spermatozoa at the same rate as lectin receptors (25), these results show that there is bulk membrane flow over the pseudopod with assembly at the tip and apparent disassembly at the base. There are no vesicles visible at either the pseudopodial tip or base, so these spermatozoa must have a novel mechanism for insertion and uptake of membrane components. This membrane flow could provide the forward propulsion of spermatozoa attached to a substrate by their pseudopods.
Abstract 5813: Vascular Function Measured By Digital Thermal Monitoring Strongly Correlates with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease Diagnosed by 64 Slice Multidetector Computed Tomography (2008)

Background: Digital Thermal Monitoring (DTM) of vascular reactivity is a new test of vascular function that correlates well with the Framingham Risk Score and subclinical coronary artery disease measured by the coronary calcium score. This study evaluates whether DTM correlates with the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD) measured by 64 slice multidetector computed tomography (MDCT). Methods: 151 patients, mean age 64±9 years, 69% male, were studied. Each underwent DTM during a 5 minute supra systolic arm-cuff occlusion and MDCT. Post-cuff deflation fingertip temperature rebound (TR) was correlated with CAD severity assessed by MDCT. Results: After adjusting for age, gender and CAD risk factors using logistic regression analysis, the odds ratio for TR in the lowest tertile vs. upper 2 tertiles was 1.3 (95% CI 0.89 –1.6, p=0.4) for mild CAC (luminal stenosis&lt;30%), 2.7 (95% CI 1.2–3.9, p=0.0001) for moderate CAD (30 –70% luminal stenosis) and 6.94 (95% CI 2.2–10.7, p=0.0001) for severe CAD (luminal stenosis&gt;70%) compared to normal coronaries. Additionally, TR was lower in coronary segments with mixed plaque compared to calcified plaque (0.43±0.17 vs. 0.91±0.19, p=0.001). Conclusions: Vascular dysfunction measured by DTM strongly correlates with the severity and characteristics of coronary plaques measured by MDCT, independent of age, gender and cardiac risk factors. DTM may be a useful tool for the identification of high risk patients, additional studies are warranted.
A high speed millimeter-scale slotless bearlngless slice motor (2017)

Recent developments in electrical drive systems have shown a trend toward higher power densities at increased rotational speeds with application areas in high speed spindles, turbocompressors, flywheels and reaction wheels as well as optical systems. As conventional ball bearings suffer from excessive wear and decreased reliability at such speeds, contactless magnetic levitation offers an interesting alternative. This work presents the concept, design and implementation of a millimeter-scale bearingless slice motor featuring a rotor diameter of 4 mm. To the knowledge of the authors, this is the smallest published bearingless motor to date. The slotless stator topology is optimized by means of 3D finite element method electromagnetic simulations. Initial experimental results demonstrate a rotational speed of 160 000 rpm at losses below 1W.
DYNAMERS: dynamic polymers as self-healing materials (2015)

Importing self-repair or self-healing features into inert materials is of great relevance to material scientists, since it is expected to eliminate the necessity of replenishing a damaged material. Be it material chemistry or more specifically polymer chemistry, such materials have attracted the imagination of both material scientists and chemists. A stroll down the memory lane 70 years back, this might have sounded utopian. However with the current progress in supramolecular chemistry and the emergence of dynamic covalent and non-covalent chemistries, novel perspectives have been opened up to materials science towards the development of dynamic materials (DYNAMATS) and in particular dynamic polymers (DYNAMERS), with the ability to produce such species by custom made designs. Chemistry took giant strides to gain control over the structure and features of materials and, besides basic progress, to apply it for tailor-making matter for applications in our daily life. In that applied perspective, materials science plays a paramount role in shaping our present and in contributing to a sustainable future. The goal is to develop materials, which would be dynamic enough to carry out certain functions as effectively as in biological systems with, however, the freedom to recruit the powers of chemistry on a wider scale, without the limitation imposed by life. Material scientists and in particular polymer chemists may build on chemistry, physics and biology for bridging the gap to develop dynamic materials presenting a wide range of novel functionalities and to convert dreams into reality. In this current review we will focus on developments in the area of dynamic polymers, as a class of dynamic materials presenting self-healing features and, more generally, the ability to undergo adaptation under the effect of physical and/or chemical agents, and thus function as adaptive polymers or ADAPTAMERS.
Local fracture properties in ferroelectric relaxor PZN-4.5%PT single crystals (2005)

Local fracture properties in poled [Pb(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>]<sub>(1-x)</sub>-[PbTiO<sub>3</sub>]<sub>x</sub> (x=0.045, PZN-4.5%PT) ferroelectric relaxor single crystals were assessed. The crystals were cut along the [100], [010], and [001] planes. Scanning electron micrographs of Vickers indentations for two different crack orientations were used to determine the crack tip toughness (K<sub>tip</sub>) and the local critical energy release rate (G<sub>tip</sub>). Cracks oriented along the [010] and [110] crystal planes were found to have practically identical local fracture properties. These properties were determined using Stroh's formalism to account for the large anisotropic material coefficients.
A new active pixel structure with a pinned photodiode for wide dynamic range image sensors (2005)

A wide dynamic range CMOS image sensor based on a new active pixel structure with a pinned photodiode is proposed and evaluated with device simulations. The proposed pixel device has a linear and a logarithmic characteristics in low and high illumination region, respectively. The technique of direct detection of photodiode potential leads to a wide logarithmic response compared with the conventional linear-log wide DR image sensor with pinned photo diode.
The Formation of Wassonite: A New Titanium Monosulfide Mineral in the Yamato 691 Enstatite Chondrite (2011)

Wassonite, ideally stoichiometric TiS, is a titanium monosulfide not previously observed in nature, that was discovered within the Yamato 691 EH3 enstatite chondrite [1]. Because of the submicrometer size of the wassonite grains, it was not possible to determine conventional macroscopic properties. However, the chemical composition and crystal structure were well constrained by extensive quantitative energy dispersive x-ray analysis and electron diffraction using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystal system for wassonite is rhombohedral (a = 3.42 plus or minus 0.07, c = 26.50 plus or minus 0.53 Angstroms) with space group: R(sup 3 raised bar) m (R9 type), cell volume: 268.4 plus or minus 0.53 Angstroms(sup 3), Z=9, density (calculated): 4.452 grams per cubic centimeter, empirical formula: (Ti(sub 0.93), Fe(sub 0.06), Cr(sub 0.01))S. In this study, we discuss possible formation mechanisms of wassonite and its associated minerals based on the petrology, mineralogy, crystallography, thermodynamic calculations, Al/Mg isotopic systematics and the O-isotopic composition of the wassonite-bearing BO chondrule.
Mini-Max Initialization for Function Approximation (2002)

Neural networks have been successfully applied to various pattern recognition and function approximation problems. However, the training process remains a time-consuming procedure that often gets stuck in a local minimum. The optimum network size and topology are usually unknown. In this paper, we formulate the concept of extrema equivalence for estimating the complexity of a function. Based on this formulation, the optimal network size and topology can be selected according to the number of extrema. Mini-max initialization method is then proposed to select the initial values of the weights for the network that is proven to greatly speed up training. The superior performance of our method in terms of convergence and generalization has been substantiated by experimental results. c
Reversal of pancreatitis-induced pain by an orally available, small molecule interleukin-6 receptor antagonist (2010)

Pancreatic pain resulting from chronic inflammation of the pancreas is often intractable and clinically difficult to manage with available analgesics reflecting the need for more effective therapies. The mechanisms underlying pancreatitis pain are not well understood. Here, the possibility that interleukin-6 (IL-6) may promote pancreatitis pain was investigated with TB-2-081 (3-O-formyl-20R,21-epoxyresibufogenin, EBRF), a small molecule IL-6 receptor antagonist that was semi-synthetically derived from natural sources. The potential activity and mechanism of TB-2-081 were investigated following the induction of persistent pancreatitis using dibutyltin dichloride (DBTC) in rats. TB-2-081 displaces the binding of IL-6 to the human recombinant soluble IL-6 receptor with apparent high affinity and inhibits IL-6 mediated cell growth. Systemic or oral, but not intrathecal, administration of TB-2-081 reversed DBTC-induced abdominal hypersensitivity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. IL-6 levels were significantly up-regulated in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) of rats with pancreatitis on day 6 after DBTC injection. IL-6-enhanced capsaicin-evoked release of calcitonin gene-related peptide from cultured DRG neurons was blocked by TB-2-081. Our data demonstrate that TB-2-081 acts as a systemically available and orally active small molecule IL-6 receptor antagonist. TB-2-081 effectively reduces pancreatitis-induced pain through peripheral mechanisms that are likely due to (a) increased expression of IL-6 in the DRG and (b) IL-6-mediated sensitization of nociceptive neurons. The activity of TB-2-081 implicates an important role for IL-6 in sustaining pancreatitis pain. Strategies targeting IL-6 actions through small molecule antagonists may offer novel approaches to improve the therapy of chronic pancreatitis and other chronic pain states.
Correction to Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Tetrahydroisoquinoline-Based Histone Deacetylase 8 Selective Inhibitors (2019)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00126.].
The effect of Peltier heat during current activated densification (2012)

It is shown that current-activated pressure-assisted densification (CAPAD) is sensitive to the Peltier effect. Under CAPAD, the Peltier effect leads to a significant redistribution of heat within the sample during the densification. The densification of highly p-doped silicon nanoparticles during CAPAD and the properties of the obtained samples are investigated experimentally and by computer simulation. Both, simulation and experiments, indicate clearly a higher temperature on the cathode side and a decreasing temperature from the center to the outer shell. Furthermore, computer simulations provide additional insights into the temperature profile which explain the anisotropic properties of the measured sample.
Measuring direct current trans-epithelial electrical resistance in organ-on-a-chip microsystems (2014)

Trans-epithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements are widely used as real-time, non-destructive, and label-free measurements of epithelial and endothelial barrier function. TEER measurements are ideal for characterizing tissue barrier function in organs-on-chip studies for drug testing and investigation of human disease models; however, published reports using this technique have reported highly conflicting results even with identical cell lines and experimental setups. The differences are even more dramatic when comparing measurements in conventional Transwell systems with those obtained in microfluidic systems. Our goal in this work was therefore to enhance the fidelity of TEER measurements in microfluidic organs-on-chips, specifically using direct current (DC) measurements of TEER, as this is the most widely used method reported in the literature. Here we present a mathematical model that accounts for differences measured in TEER between microfluidic chips and Transwell systems, which arise from differences in device geometry. The model is validated by comparing TEER measurements obtained in a microfluidic gut-on-a-chip device versus in a Transwell culture system. Moreover, we show that even small gaps in cell coverage (e.g., 0.4%) are sufficient to cause a significant (~80%) drop in TEER. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that TEER measurements obtained in microfluidic systems, such as organs-on-chips, require special consideration, specifically when results are to be compared with measurements obtained from Transwell systems.
Cementless Acetabular Reconstruction in Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty (2004)

Reconstruction of the failed acetabular component in total hip arthroplasty (THA) can be challenging. Although there are multiple reconstructive options available, a cementless acetabular component inserted with screws has been shown to have good intermediate-term results and is the reconstructive method of choice for the majority of acetabular revisions. We reviewed the results of 138 consecutive acetabular revisions done with a hemispheric, cementless acetabular component that is sintered with Ti fiber metal mesh and was inserted with line-to-line reaming and multiple screws for fixation. At a mean of 15 years, 19 acetabular components had been revised (13.8%); seven were revised for recurrent instability, six were revised for deep periprosthetic infection, five well-fixed cups were removed at the time of femoral revision, and one cup was fixed by fibrous tissue only at the time of femoral revision and was removed. One acetabular component was radiographically loose. Survivorship of the component was 81% at 15 years when revision for any reason was considered as an end point and 96% when revision for loosening or radiographic evidence of loosening was considered as a second end point. Cementless acetabular revision provides durable results at 15 years with a low rate of failure for loosening.