gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An open chiro-waveguide enabled by anisotropic impedance surfaces (2016)

Metasurfaces, which are quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) textured surfaces comprised of a periodic or aperiodic array of sub-wavelength building blocks, provide a fully-planarized platform for controlling the propagation, radiation, and scattering of electromagnetic waves. Compared to their three-dimensional (3D) metamaterial counterparts, 2D metasurfaces offer several advantages including lower losses, more versatility, ease-of-fabrication, and a conformal solution. In recent years, metasurfaces have been exploited to enable a variety of novel electromagnetic devices including new leaky-wave antennas, coatings with abnormal refraction and reflection properties, ultrathin polarizers and wave-plates, low-profile cloaks, various planar microwave and optical lenses, compact wearable antennas, tensor impedance surface waveguides, and so on. In this contribution, we show that a homogeneous anisotropic metasurface, whose surface impedance is characterized by a tensor rather than a scalar, can be designed to wrap around a dielectric rod to create an open-waveguide that exhibits effective power confinement within a sub-wavelength regime. In particular, the dispersion relations for the fundamental HE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> mode are derived for a dielectric rod with one or more anisotropic impedance surface coatings. It is shown that by controlling the anisotropy of the coating, much stronger power confinement can be achieved. By further exploiting the inhomogeneity of the anisotropic impedance surface coating, two advanced functionalities can be achieved. First, a broadband chiro-waveguide, in which the polarization state of a linearly-polarized wave gradually rotates as it propagates along the waveguide, can be realized by a rotational perturbation in the alignment of the unit cells. Secondly, by enforcing momentum matching of the unit cells comprising the anisotropic impedance surface, a right-angle-bend waveguide with nearly the same transmission level compared to its straight counterpart can be realized. The new metasurface-enabled waveguide system demonstrated here provides additional degrees of freedom in manipulating guided electromagnetic waves, which holds great promise for the development of more advanced, multi-functional, and versatile microwave as well as terahertz devices for guidance, radiation, and imaging applications.
Search for direct pair production of scalar top quarks in the single- and dilepton channels in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2016)

Results are reported from a search for the top squark t 1 , the lighter of the two supersymmetric partners of the top quark. The data sample corresponds to 19.7 fb -1 of proton-proton collisions at s = 8 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC.
Performance bounds for active sequential hypothesis testing (2011)

Consider a decision maker who is responsible to dynamically collect observations so as to enhance his information in a speedy manner about an underlying phenomena of interest while accounting for the cost of data collection. Due to the sequential nature of the problem, the decision maker relies on his current information state to adaptively (re-)evaluate the tradeoff between the cost of various sensing actions and the precision of their outcomes. In this paper, using results in dynamic programming, a lower bound for the optimal total cost is established. Moreover, an upper bound is obtained using a heuristic policy for dynamic selection of actions. Using the obtained bounds, the closed loop (feedback) gain is shown to be at least logarithmic in the penalty associated with wrong declarations. Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed heuristic achieves asymptotic optimality in many practically relevant problems such as variable-length coding with feedback and noisy dynamic search.
Phase-controlled amplification of few-cycle laser pulses (2003)

Intense ultrashort waveforms of light that can be produced with an exactly predetermined electromagnetic field are essential in a number of applications of extreme nonlinear optics, most prominently in laser-driven sources of high-energy attosecond radiation. Field reproducibility in each laser shot requires stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase. The authors analyze different schemes of phase-stable pulse amplification and identify constraints limiting the precision with which the phase can be maintained. Next, they describe a phase-stabilized laser system based on a 20-fs multipass Ti:sapphire amplifier supplemented with a fiber compression stage for producing pulses in the few-cycle regime. It is shown that the amplifier introduces only a slow millihertz phase drift and, therefore, can be seeded by a standard phase-stabilized oscillator. This residual phase drift is assigned primarily to the beam pointing instability and can be precompensated in the phase-control loop of the seed oscillator using a feedback signal from a phase detector placed in the amplifier output. The phase stability of the resultant 5-fs 400-/spl mu/J pulses at a 1-kHz repetition rate is subsequently independently verified by higher order harmonic generation, in which different carrier-envelope phase settings are shown, both theoretically and experimentally, to produce distinctly different spectral shapes of the XUV radiation. From a series of such spectral patterns, the authors succeed in calibrating the value of the carrier envelope phase (with a /spl plusmn//spl pi/ ambiguity), which in turn allows them to fully characterize the temporal structure of the electric field of the laser pulses. The estimated precision of the phase control on the XUV target is better than /spl pi//5, which reduces the timing jitter between the driving laser pulse and the XUV bursts to /spl sim/ 250 as and opens the way to generate stable isolated attosecond pulses.
Localized 1H MR spectroscopy in the alert monkey at 7 Tesla (2005)

Localized 1H MRS in alert monkeys was performed in a vertical 7T/60cm MR system utilizing increased sensitivity and spectral dispersion gained at high field. Refinements of acquisition and correction strategies were necessary to minimize magnetic susceptibility artifacts induced by respiration and mouth or body movement. Periods with major motion-artifacts were rejected, while a frequency/phase correction was performed on the remaining single spectra before averaging. In resting periods, both spectral amplitude and linewidth, i.e. the voxel shim, were unaffected permitting reliable measurements. The corrected spectra afforded the reliable quantitative detection of 6 to 10 brain cerebral metabolites of 1-mL volumes.
User defined intensity profile laser beam (2023)

A high-power laser beam with an arbitrary intensity profile is produced. Such beam has a variety of uses including for laser materials processing such as powder bed fusion additive manufacturing. Several challenges in additive manufacturing are mitigated with the present non-uniform intensity laser profiles. Nonuniform shapes include a set of intensity pixels in a line that could print a wide stripe area instead of just a single line. One example uses the multimode interference pattern from the output of a ribbon fiber which is imaged onto a work piece. The interference pattern is controlled to allow turning on or off of ‘pixels’ along a line which can be used to shape the beam and form the additively manufactured part.
2519. Urban vs Rural HIV-infected Persons Have Differential Gene Expression for Estrogen Signaling, Inflammation, and Cytokine Production Pathways (2019)

Abstract Background People aging with HIV (PAWH) are living longer with effective antiretroviral therapy and new HIV diagnoses are rising in older populations. Concurrent with trends in age, the epidemiology of HIV infection in the United States has shifted geographically and racially; the Southeast and African Americans now have the highest HIV incidence and prevalence. Although there are marked health disparities for rural and African American PAWH, limited data exist comparing aging phenotypes between rural and urban PAWH, and no data exist comparing mechanistic pathways between these populations. Among African American PAWH, we hypothesize that rural PAWH will be more likely than urban PAWH to have a molecular profile of advanced aging associated with chronic disease burden and shorter health span. Methods Demographics, clinical data, and RNA were collected from 14 matched pairs from rural (Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC) and urban cohorts (ALiVE cohort, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD) matched on age, sex, Short Physical Performance Battery score, smoking status, and sample collection date. Raw sequences were examined for quality, aligned using STAR, and normalized using DESeq2. DESeq2 tested matched pair differential gene expression. Genes with an average read count threshold &gt; 5, a genomic control adjusted P-value &lt; 0.01 and a fold change &gt; 1.3 were retained for further analysis using STRING, MCODE, and IPA to find functional and biological patterns. Results Of the 399 genes meeting significance criteria, 212 showed higher expression in the rural group; the remaining 187 genes showed lower expression in the rural group. Top enriched canonical pathways in the IPA analysis identified differential estrogen signaling (P &lt; 0.0001), inflammation (P &lt; 0.001), and cytokine production (p = 0.005). Protein–protein interactions involved in cell–cell signaling and intracellular trafficking were also differentially identified between the 2 populations. Conclusion Urban and rural PAWH have differential gene expression, particularly centered around estrogen signaling and inflammatory cytokine production. These findings merit further investigation to determine clinical significance, including correlation with phenotypes and healthspan between rural and urban PAWH. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
Adaptive push-pull (2001)

Article Share on Adaptive push-pull: disseminating dynamic web data Authors: Pavan Deolasee Department of Computer Science and Engineering., Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076 Department of Computer Science and Engineering., Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076View Profile , Amol Katkar Department of Computer Science and Engineering., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076 Department of Computer Science and Engineering., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076View Profile , Ankur Panchbudhe Department of Computer Science and Engineering., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076 Department of Computer Science and Engineering., Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India 400076View Profile , Krithi Ramamritham Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile , Prashant Shenoy Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims WWW '01: Proceedings of the 10th international conference on World Wide WebMay 2001Pages 265–274https://doi.org/10.1145/371920.372066Published:01 April 2001Publication History 88citation1,366DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations88Total Downloads1,366Last 12 Months25Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Communication of soil water repellency causes, problems, and solutions of intensively managed amenity turf from 2000 to 2020 (2020)

Abstract Research and investigations of soil water repellency in turfgrass science is a relatively recent endeavor, with most notable progress beginning in the late 1990s and early 2000s and continuing into the present. The objectives of this review were to determine the extent of publications from 2000 to the present on the topic of soil water repellency in turfgrass science, and to assemble a list of soil surfactant product formulations currently available for the amenity turf industry in the USA and United Kingdom/Republic of Ireland in 2019. From 1 January 2000 through 1 June 2020, cumulative number of referred or peer-reviewed research journal articles was 64, the number of abstracts, reports, and proceedings was 87, and the number of professional and trade journal articles was 86. Published works in all categories represented a linear increase over time, and is indicative of increased research activity into this critical area of study. Soil surfactant products and formulations in the USA totaled 192, with 65 in UK/Ireland. The nonionic soil surfactant chemical category is the largest, representing 74% of products in the USA, and 66% of products in UK/Ireland. With formulation category, block copolymers and formulations that contain block copolymers or structurally modified block copolymers as a formulation component comprise the largest group with 58% of products in the USA, and 49% of products in UK/Ireland. Also by formulation category, 25% of USA products and 23% of UK/Ireland products are comprised of anionic and anionic blends and other formulations. Of note, 17% of products in the USA and 28% of products in UK/Ireland do not disclose their formulation. Dr. Louis Dekker’s pioneering insight and advances in soil water repellency has provided turfgrass scientists with a firm foundation and guidance with which to pursue research into the causes, problems, and amelioration of soil water repellency in turfgrass ecosystems. The global amenity turf industry remains the segment where Dr. Dekker’s research has had the most influence and impact to both scientists and turf practitioners.
Hardness Studies of RF Sputtered Deposited BCN Thin Films (2014)

In today’s technological advancement of ULSI integration, the inter-dielectric layer (IDL) with small RC delays needs low-k materials which are sturdy enough to withstand mechanical stress posed by multilayer devices. Using organic polymers that are porous in nature can achieve dielectric values as low as 2, but these cannot withstand considerable mechanical stress. Boron Nitride (BN) films can achieve low-k values around and hardness comparable to diamond [1][2]. BN is hygroscopic in nature. In this respect carbon can be added to the BN structure to produce Boron Carbon Nitride (BCN) films as the possible substitute for BN. The minimum dielectric constant achieved by plasma assisted chemical vapor deposition for a BCN thin film was reported to be 1.9. [2] The BCN films are also instrumental in suppressing the Cu migration [3]. The Young’s modulus of BCN films are reported well above 20 GPa making it one of the suitable options for low-k materials [4]. In the present work, BCN films were deposited by RF sputtering of boron carbide (BC) target in nitrogen ambient with argon. The films were deposited under various N 2 /Ar gas flow ratios. FTIR measurements were performed to find the chemical bonds of the deposited films. Investigations were performed to evaluate the Hardness (H) and Young’s modulus (E) of the deposited films under various conditions.
Combining data and instruction memory energy optimizations for embedded applications (2005)

This paper studies the overhead of data memory optimizations on the instruction memories in embedded processors. First, it is shown that this overhead is significant, but methods exist to alleviate it. For every data optimization step causing overhead, there exists an appropriate countermeasure such that both instruction and data energy is kept low. Results on two driver applications show that although the overhead in both energy and performance can reach up to 250%, the countermeasures reduce this, such that the final result has up to four times less energy consumption and up seven times better performance compared to the original implementation.
Emergent, Collective Oscillations of Self-Mobile Particles and Patterned Surfaces under Redox Conditions (2010)

We have discovered that silver chloride (AgCl) particles in the presence of UV light and dilute hydrogen peroxide exhibit both single-particle and collective oscillations in their motion which arise due to an oscillatory, reversible conversion of AgCl to silver metal at the particle surface. This system exhibits several of the hallmarks of nonlinear oscillatory reactions, including bistability, reaction waves, and synchronized collective oscillations at high particle concentrations. However, unlike traditional oscillatory reactions that take place among dispersed solute species in solution or near a fixed electrode surface, this system of self-mobile catalytic particles evinces a new dynamical length scale: the interparticle spacing, which appears to control wave propagation. The collective motions of these powered nanoparticles self-organize into clumped oscillators with significant spatiotemporal correlations between clumps. A variant of this system using a regular array of lithographically patterned silver disks supports the propagation of binary "On/Off" Ag/AgCl waves through the lattice.
Battery control circuit using non-isolation daisy-chain architecture for a 400V Li-ion battery system of a hybrid electric vehicle (2008)

In response to typical issues concerning lithium-ion battery systems for HEVs, a cell-control specialized IC and a scheme for the entire circuit mounting the IC (namely, no isolation and a “daisy-chain” communication architecture) were devised. The circuit was configured with the cell-control specialized ICs with 350nm, BiDMOS, 50V/3.3V analog-digital mixed process. But the circuit can handle the 400V HEV battery without any isolator between the ICs. As a result of these innovations, significant reductions in size and cost and improvement in reliability was achieved. That is to say, in comparison to a conventional product configured with a microcomputer, optocouplers, and discreet components, the developed IC and architecture achieved an 80% reduction of the board area, 90% reduction of component numbers and a reduced failure rate to 4%.
P3‐285: ACAT1 gene ablation increases 24(S)‐hydroxycholesterol content in the brain and ameliorates amyloid pathology in Alzheimer mice (2010)

Cholesterol metabolism has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several neurodegenerative diseases, including the abnormal accumulation of amyloid beta, one of the pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferases (ACAT1 and ACAT2) are two enzymes that convert free cholesterol to cholesteryl esters. ACAT inhibitors have recently emerged as a promising new drug candidate for AD therapy. However, how ACAT inhibition acts to ameliorate amyloid pathology in AD mice has remained unclear. ACAT1 gene ablation (A1-) in an AD mouse model was generated by crossing the ACAT1 null mice to the triple transgenic (3XTg-AD) mice. ACAT enzyme activity and localization in mouse brains were determined by immunodepletion experiments, using ACAT-specific antibodies and detergent solubilized extracts, along with immunoblotting and in situ hybridization. The content of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its proteolytic fragments in mouse brains were determined by immunoblotting, immunostaining and ELISA. Contextual and cue-dependent memory tests were performed on age-matched mice. Contents of cholesterol and its oxysterol metabolite 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24SOH) were measured by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Sterol synthesis rates in mouse brains and mouse primary neuronal cell culture were measured by performing 3H acetate pulse. ACAT1 is the major functional isoenzyme in the mouse brain. In AD mouse brains, A1- leads to more than 60% reduction in full-length human APPswe (hAPP) as well as its proteolytic fragments, and ameliorates cognitive deficits; at 4 months of age, A1- causes a 32% content increase in 24SOH, the major brain oxysterol. It also causes a 65% protein content decrease in HMG-CoA reductase (HMGR), and a 28% decrease in sterol synthesis in the AD mouse brains. In primary hippocampal neurons isolated from the AD mouse brains, A1- causes an increase in the 24SOH synthesis rate; treating these neurons with 24SOH causes rapid declines in hAPP and HMGR protein levels. A model is provided to explain our findings: in AD mouse neurons, A1- causes increases in cholesterol and 24SOH contents in the endoplasmic reticulum, which cause reductions in hAPP and HMGR protein contents and lead to amelioration of amyloid pathology. Our study supports the potential of ACAT1 as a therapeutic target for treating AD.
A 32-48 GHz Differential YIG Oscillator With Low Phase Noise Based On a SiGe MMIC (2019)

This paper presents a wideband and low noise differential yttrium iron garnet (YIG) oscillator. It utilizes a YIG sphere based transmission resonator, which is coupled via two orthogonal pad-to-pad bonds to a fully differential SiGe MMIC. For an optimized design process, the coupled YIG sphere is described by an equivalent circuit, whose elements are determined by 3D EM simulations. Regarding the tuning range and phase noise, the results of the circuit simulation of the entire oscillator are in good agreement with the measurements. The realized YIG oscillator offers a high oscillation frequency with a tuning range from 32GHz to 48GHz. Moreover, it exhibits excellent phase noise of less than -119dBc/Hz at an offset frequency of 100kHz for oscillation frequencies up to 42 GHz.
Direct Observation of Rapid Discrete Spectral Dynamics in Single Colloidal CdSe-CdS Core-Shell Quantum Dots (2013)

We measure the anomalous spectral diffusion of single colloidal quantum dots over eight temporal decades simultaneously by combining single-molecule spectroscopy and photon-correlation Fourier spectroscopy. Our technique distinguishes between discrete and continuous dynamics and directly reveals that the quasicontinuous spectral diffusion observed using conventional spectroscopy is composed of rapid, discrete spectral jumps. Despite their multiple time scales, these dynamics can be captured by a single mechanism whose parameters vary widely between dots and over time in individual dots.
Mitigation of electromagnetic vibration in PMSM: A rotor position related variable switching frequency technique (2017)

In this paper, a rotor position related variable switching frequency strategy is proposed to mitigate the electromagnetic vibration and noise due to pulse width modulated (PWM) harmonic current. It begins with an introduction of mathematical models for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM). Then, connection between PWM current ripple in d-q reference frame and electromagnetic radial force are analyzed. Next, switching frequency is modified online to adapt current ripple and vibration requirement, thus ameliorate the acoustic noise. It is expected that rotor position related variable switching frequency has the advantages of reducing radial force ripple and spreading the vibration spectrum. Experimental results comparing constant switching frequency and variable switching frequency have been presented.
Front Matter: Volume 10223 (2017)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10223, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Mechanism for the T4 lymphopenia of AIDS Silvio Micali (1993)

I suggest that the T4 lymphopenia of AIDS may be caused by antibodies raised against the human immunodeficiency virus that block the generation of T4 cells.