gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Thickness of Masticatory Mucosa in the Human Hard Palate and Tuberosity as Potential Donor Sites for Ridge Augmentation Procedures (1997)

The aim of the present investigation was to clinically determine the thickness of masticatory mucosa in the hard palate and tuberosity as potential donor sites for ridge augmentation procedures. In 31 periodontally healthy, fully dentate subjects the masticatory mucosa thickness was assessed by bone sounding with a periodontal probe. Eighteen standard measurement points were defined in the hard palate, located on 3 lines which ran at different distances parallel to the gingival margin. Six positions were designated on each of these 3 lines between the level of the canine and the second molar. In the tuberosity, 6 standard measurement points were defined, located on 2 lines running parallel to the gingival margin at 2 different distances from the distal aspect of the second molar. Three positions were designated on each line. The hard palate and tuberosity were anesthetized by a spray followed by carticain injection with an epinephrine vasoconstrictor of 1:100,000. Data were analyzed to determine differences in gender, between different positions, and between lines, using an analysis of variance and Wilcoxon test. The mucosa of the tuberosity was significantly thicker than in the hard palate region. Gender did not influence the thickness of masticatory mucosa, either in the hard palate or the tuberosity with the exception of the most distant line in the palate. The mucosa was thickest at the mid-distal position of the tuberosity. In the hard palate, mucosa thickness increased with greater distances from the marginal gingiva. The mucosa over the palatal root of the maxillary first molar was significantly thinner than at all other positions in the hard palate. This represents an anatomical barrier in graft harvesting. It was concluded that two different regions may be defined for soft tissue graft harvesting from an anatomic point of view: 1) In the canine-premolar region rather wide and shallow grafts may be harvested. This region extends distally to the first palatal molar root with a significantly thinner mucosa. 2) The tuberosity revealed a significantly more soft tissue thickness in comparison to the hard palate. This region allows the harvesting of deeper grafts, but graft size is limited by the width of keratinized tissue.
Online Adversarial Learning of Reactor State (2018)

This paper is in support of our recent efforts to designing intelligent defenses against false data injection attacks, where false data are injected in the raw data used to control the reactor. Adopting a game-model between the attacker and the defender, we focus here on how the attacker may estimate reactor state in order to inject an attack that can bypass normal reactor anomaly and outlier detection checks. This approach is essential to designing defensive strategies that can anticipate the attackers moves. More importantly, it is to alert the community that defensive methods based on approximate physics models could be bypassed by the attacker who can approximate the models in an online mode during a lie-in-wait period. For illustration, we employ a simplified point kinetics model and show how an attacker, once gaining access to the reactor raw data, i.e., instrumentation readings, can inject small perturbations to learn the reactor dynamic behavior. In our context, this equates to estimating the reactivity feedback coefficients, e.g., Doppler, Xenon poisoning, etc. We employ a non-parametric learning approach that employs alternating conditional estimation in conjunction with discrete Fourier transform and curve fitting techniques to estimate reactivity coefficients. An Iranian model of the Bushehr reactor is employed for demonstration. Results indicate that very accurate estimation of reactor state could be achieved using the proposed learning method.
XCAT-GAN for Synthesizing 3D Consistent Labeled Cardiac MR Images on\n Anatomically Variable XCAT Phantoms (2020)

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have provided promising data\nenrichment solutions by synthesizing high-fidelity images. However, generating\nlarge sets of labeled images with new anatomical variations remains unexplored.\nWe propose a novel method for synthesizing cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)\nimages on a population of virtual subjects with a large anatomical variation,\nintroduced using the 4D eXtended Cardiac and Torso (XCAT) computerized human\nphantom. We investigate two conditional image synthesis approaches grounded on\na semantically-consistent mask-guided image generation technique: 4-class and\n8-class XCAT-GANs. The 4-class technique relies on only the annotations of the\nheart; while the 8-class technique employs a predicted multi-tissue label map\nof the heart-surrounding organs and provides better guidance for our\nconditional image synthesis. For both techniques, we train our conditional\nXCAT-GAN with real images paired with corresponding labels and subsequently at\nthe inference time, we substitute the labels with the XCAT derived ones.\nTherefore, the trained network accurately transfers the tissue-specific\ntextures to the new label maps. By creating 33 virtual subjects of synthetic\nCMR images at the end-diastolic and end-systolic phases, we evaluate the\nusefulness of such data in the downstream cardiac cavity segmentation task\nunder different augmentation strategies. Results demonstrate that even with\nonly 20% of real images (40 volumes) seen during training, segmentation\nperformance is retained with the addition of synthetic CMR images. Moreover,\nthe improvement in utilizing synthetic images for augmenting the real data is\nevident through the reduction of Hausdorff distance up to 28% and an increase\nin the Dice score up to 5%, indicating a higher similarity to the ground truth\nin all dimensions.\n
Interactions of Carbon Atoms and Dimer Vacancies on the Si(001) Surface (2005)

Abstract We investigate the interactions between substitutional carbon atoms on the defect free, (2×1) reconstructed Si(001) surface, and bring evidence that the interaction energy differs significantly from the inverse-cube distance dependence that is predicted by the theory of force dipoles on an elastic half-space. Based on Tersoff potentials, we also calculate the interactions between carbon atoms and dimer vacancies. The calculations indicate that dimer vacancies (DVs) are strongly stabilized by fourth-layer C atoms placed directly underneath them. By use of simple model Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the computed interactions between carbon atoms and DVs lead to self-assembled vacancy lines, in qualitative agreement with recent experimental results.
Cyclodextrin-based systems for photoinduced hydrogen evolution (2011)

Light-driven catalytic three component systems for the reduction of protons, consisting of a cyclodextrin-appended iridium complex as photosensitizer, a viologen-based electron relay, and cyclodextrin-modified platinum nanoparticles as the catalyst, were found to be capable of producing molecular hydrogen effectively in water, using a sacrificial electron donor. The modular approach introduced in this study allows the generation of several functional photo-active systems by self-assembly from a limited number of building blocks. We established that systems with polypyridine iridium complexes of general formula [Ir(ppy)(2)(pytl-R)]Cl (ppy, 2-phenylpyridine; pytl, 2-(1-substituted-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)pyridine) as photosensitizers are active in the production of H(2), with yields that under our experimental conditions are 20-35 times higher than those of the classical system with [Ru(bpy)(3)]Cl(2) (bpy, 2,2'-bipyridine), methyl viologen, and Pt. By investigating different photocatalytic systems, it was found that the amount of hydrogen produced was directly proportional to the emission quantum yield of the photosensitizer.
The Combination Treatment of Fosmanogepix and Liposomal Amphotericin B Is Superior to Monotherapy in Treating Experimental Invasive Mold Infections (2022)

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA), invasive mucormycosis (IM), and invasive fusariosis (IF) are associated with high mortality and morbidity. Fosmanogepix (FMGX) is a first-in-class antifungal in clinical development with demonstrated broad-spectrum activity in animal models of infections.
Analysis of Steiner subtrees of random trees for traceroute algorithms (2009)

Abstract We consider in this article the problem of discovering, via a traceroute algorithm, the topology of a network, whose graph is spanned by an infinite branching process. A subset of nodes is selected according to some criterion. As a measure of efficiency of the algorithm, the Steiner distance of the selected nodes, i.e. the size of the spanning subtree of these nodes, is investigated. For the selection of nodes, two criteria are considered: a node is randomly selected with a probability, which is either independent of the depth of the node (uniform model) or else in the depth biased model, is exponentially decaying with respect to its depth. The limiting behavior the size of the discovered subtree is investigated for both models. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 2009
Multiple cancer-specific antigens are targeted by a chimeric antigen receptor on a single cancer cell (2019)

Human cancer cells were eradicated by adoptive transfer of T cells transduced with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) made from an antibody (237Ab) that is highly specific for the murine Tn-glycosylated podoplanin (Tn-PDPN). The objectives were to determine the specificity of these CAR-transduced T (CART) cells and the mechanism for the absence of relapse. We show that although the 237Ab bound only to cell lines expressing murine Tn-PDPN, the 237Ab-derived 237CART cells lysed multiple different human and murine cancers not predicted by the 237Ab binding. Nevertheless, the 237CART cell reactivities remained cancer specific because all recognitions were dependent on the Tn glycosylation that resulted from COSMC mutations that were not present in normal tissues. While Tn was required for the recognition by 237CART, Tn alone was not sufficient for 237CART cell activation. Activation of 237CART cells required peptide backbone recognition but tolerated substitutions of up to 5 of the 7 amino acid residues in the motif recognized by 237Ab. Together, these findings demonstrate what we believe is a new principle whereby simultaneous recognition of multiple independent Tn-glycopeptide antigens on a cancer cell makes tumor escape due to antigen loss unlikely.
Effect of blank pre-conditioning humidity on the dimensional accuracy and rigidity of paperboard trays (2018)

Abstract Optimization of storage conditions is essential for successful converting of paperboard. This paper investigates the effect of blank moisture content on the dimensional accuracy and rigidity of press-formed paperboard trays. The trays were manufactured from uncoated, pigment-coated and extrusion-coated paperboards and multi-layer materials using fixed process parameters. Because of the different layer structures and coatings, the paperboards showed different hygroscopic behavior. Prior to converting trials, the bursting strength of paperboards under different moisture conditions was assessed. It was found that the moisture content has only a minor influence on bursting strength, but moisture affects blank curling tendency and dimensional accuracy of the tray. A high blank moisture content led to a loss of the dimensional stability and load-bearing capacity of trays, although based on earlier knowledge it is evident that the moisture content should be high for successful press-forming. As expected, a low blank moisture content increased the prevalence of ruptures in forming but the resulting trays were stiffer and their dimensional accuracy was better. It was suggested that the increased stiffness is related to a more efficient moisture removal during the press-forming, so that the fiber network is more effectively consolidated due to e. g. the formation of hydrogen bonds.
Pancreas transplantation (2017)

The treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) presents many challenges to care providers and represents a major proportion of healthcare expenditure worldwide. Successful pancreas transplantation provides durable glycemic control and improves survival for patients with diabetes. Progress in the field has mainly been based on large single center studies and the cumulative analyses of registry data from the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the International Pancreas Transplant Registry. This review focuses on the outcomes of pancreas transplantation for patients with and without end stage renal disease. It describes the current state of pancreas transplantation, gaps in knowledge, and future studies needed to enable more patients to benefit from this treatment. A common theme that emerges is the need for multicenter randomized trials in pancreas transplantation to define clearly the efficacy, risks, and long term benefits.
Development of EUV mask handling technology at MIRAI-Selete (2007)

We, MIRAI-Selete, started a new EUV mask program in April, 2006. Development of EUV mask handling technology is one of the key areas of the program. We plan to develop mask handling technology and to evaluate EUV mask carriers using Lasertec M3350, a particle inspection tool with the defect sensitivity less than 50nm PSL, and Mask Protection Engineering Tool (named "MPE Tool"). M3350 is a newly developed tool based on a conventional M1350 for EUV blanks inspection. Since our M3350 has a blank flipping mechanism in it, we can inspect the front and the back surface of the blank automatically. We plan to use the M3350 for evaluating particle adders during mask shipping, storage and handling. MPE Tool is a special tool exclusively developed for demonstration of pellicleless mask handling. It can handle a mask within a protective enclosure, which Canon and Nikon have been jointly proposing1, and also, can be modified to handle other type of carrier as the need arises.
A New Method for Continuous Solid‐State Biaxial Orientation of Polymeric Films (2020)

Abstract A new laboratory‐scale method for continuous solid‐state biaxial deformation of polymer materials is introduced. The tabletop biaxial drawing tool utilizes a heated metal disc‐like triangular mandrel, which allows for continuous solid‐state biaxial deformation of a precursor polymer tube with a controlled drawing speed. The new biaxial drawing tool features two independent heating zones. The main mandrel sets the biaxial drawing temperature. In addition, directly after the mandrel, an annealing unit with a separate heating zone is added for better control of important process parameters, such as post‐relaxation and strain‐induced crystallization. As such, the new biaxial drawing tool is a tabletop analogue of the industrial triple‐bubble process. Finally, a detailed theoretical model describing the deformation field and the forces needed to perform biaxial drawing as a function of the biaxial drawing ratio is presented and compared to experimental values, using isotactic polypropylene as model material. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 58 , 352‐362
Strafrechtliche Schlussfolgerungen (2023)

Die Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Schnittstelle zwischen Straf- und Aufsichtsrecht. Am Beispiel des § 54a KWG wird empirisch untersucht, wie sich das Strafrecht in Bereiche der prinzipienorientierten (Finanz-)Aufsicht einfügt. Um am kognitiven Potential der Institute zu partizipieren, normiert der Gesetzgeber mit § 25c Abs. 4a KWG prozedurale Anforderungen an das Risikomanagement und überlässt die konkrete Art der Umsetzung dieser Vorgaben den Instituten. Zugleich hat der Gesetzgeber mit § 54a KWG einen Verstoß gegen diese Risikomanagementvorgaben strafbewehrt. Dies führt zwangsläufig zu Spannungsverhältnissen – insbesondere mit den Zielen des Aufsichtsrechts und der vom Gesetzgeber normierten institutsinternen Wissensgenerierung.
PEACH: Proactive and Environment Aware Channel State Information Prediction with Depth Images (2023)

Up-to-date and accurate prediction of Channel State Information (CSI) is of paramount importance in Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications (URLLC), specifically in dynamic environments where unpredictable mobility is inherent. CSI can be meticulously tracked by means of frequent pilot transmissions, which on the downside lead to an increase in metadata (overhead signaling) and latency, which are both detrimental for URLLC. To overcome these issues, in this paper, we take a fundamentally different approach and propose PEACH, a machine learning system which utilizes environmental information with depth images to predict CSI amplitude in beyond 5G systems, without requiring metadata radio resources, such as pilot overheads or any feedback mechanism. PEACH exploits depth images by employing a convolutional neural network to predict the current and the next 100 ms CSI amplitudes. The proposed system is experimentally validated with extensive measurements conducted in an indoor environment. We prove that environmental information can be instrumental towards proactive CSI amplitude acquisition of both static and mobile users on base stations, while completely avoiding the dependency on feedback and pilot transmission for both downlink and uplink CSI information. Furthermore, compared to demodulation reference signal based traditional pilot estimation, in ideal conditions without interference, our experimental results show that PEACH yields the similar performance in terms of average bit error rate. More importantly, in the realistic cases with interference taken into account, our experiments demonstrate considerable improvements introduced by PEACH in terms of normalized mean square error of CSI amplitude estimation when compared to traditional approaches.
Optimized terminal current calculation for Monte Carlo device simulation (1997)

We present a generalized Ramo-Shockley theorem (GRST) for the calculation of time-dependent terminal currents in multidimensional charge transport calculations and simulations. While analytically equivalent to existing boundary integration methods, this new domain integration technique is less sensitive to numerical error introduced by calculations of finite precision. Most significantly, we derive entirely new optimized formulas for the ensemble Monte Carlo estimation of steady-state terminal currents from the time-independent form of our GRST, which are in general not equivalent to the time-average of the true time-dependent terminal currents. We then demonstrate, both analytically and by means of example, how our new variance-minimizing terminal current estimators may be exploited to improve estimator accuracy in comparison to existing methods.
Analysis of bacterial and host factors required for the EPEC-induced epithelial response. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;(A)&lt;/b&gt; 1-day-old mice were orally infected with WT EPEC, &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt; mutant, &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; mutant, &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; double mutant EPEC, a murine commensal &lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;coli&lt;/i&gt; strain or left untreated. IEC were isolated 8 days p.i. and the expression level of &lt;i&gt;RegIIIγ&lt;/i&gt; was determined and normalized to the values obtained for &lt;i&gt;hprt&lt;/i&gt; (n = 4–16 from at least 2 litters; median). &lt;b&gt;(B)&lt;/b&gt; Immunostaining for RegIIIγ in the distal part of the small intestine of 9-day-old untreated control animals &lt;b&gt;(i)&lt;/b&gt; or mice infected at birth with WT &lt;b&gt;(ii)&lt;/b&gt;, &lt;i&gt;escV&lt;/i&gt; mutant &lt;b&gt;(iii)&lt;/b&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;bfpA&lt;/i&gt; mutant EPEC &lt;b&gt;(iv)&lt;/b&gt; at 8 days p.i. (RegIIIγ, red; E-cadherin, white; DAPI, blue; bar = 50 μm). &lt;b&gt;(C)&lt;/b&gt; Time kinetic of the epithelial &lt;i&gt;RegIIIγ&lt;/i&gt; expression in infected neonates and age-matched controls. 1-day-old mice were orally infected with WT EPEC (black bars) or left untreated (white bars). IEC were isolated at 5, 9, 13, 17 and 21 days after birth and the expression of &lt;i&gt;RegIIIγ&lt;/i&gt; was measured and normalized to &lt;i&gt;hprt&lt;/i&gt; (n = 7–17 from at least 2 litters; geometric mean ± 95% confidence interval). &lt;b&gt;(D)&lt;/b&gt; 1-day-old C57BL/6 WT, MyD88&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt;, TRIF&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt;, Tlr4&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt;, Tlr5&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; and Tlr9&lt;sup&gt;-/-&lt;/sup&gt; mice were orally infected with WT EPEC (black bars) or left untreated (white bars) and the epithelial &lt;i&gt;RegIIIγ&lt;/i&gt; expression was measured and normalized to &lt;i&gt;hprt&lt;/i&gt; (n = 11–27 from at least 2 litters; geometric mean ± 95% confidence interval). Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA with Dunn’s multiple comparison post-test (A and C-D). ns, p&gt;0.05; *, p&lt;0.05; **, p&lt;0.01; ***, p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
Centrosomal protein centrin is not detectable during early pre-implantation development but reappears during late blastocyst stage in porcine embryos (2006)

Centrin is an evolutionarily conserved 20 kDa, Ca+2-binding, calmodulin-related protein associated with centrioles and basal bodies of phylogenetically diverse eukaryotic cells. Earlier studies have shown that residual centrosomes of non-rodent mammalian spermatozoa retain centrin and, in theory, could contribute this protein for the reconstruction of the zygotic centrosome after fertilization. The present work shows that CEN2 and CEN3 mRNA were detected in germinal vesicle-stage (GV) oocytes, MII oocytes, and pre-implantation embryos from the two-cell through the blastocyst stage, but not in spermatozoa. Boar ejaculated spermatozoa possess centrin as revealed by immunofluorescence microscopy and western blotting. Immature, GV oocytes possess speckles of centrin particles in the perinuclear area, visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy and exhibit a 19 kDa band revealed by western blotting. Mature MII stage oocytes lacked centrin that could be detected by immunofluorescence or western blotting. The sperm centrin was lost in zygotes after in vitro fertilization. It was not detectable in embryos by immunofluorescence microscopy until the late blastocyst stage. Embryonic centrin first appeared as fine speckles in the perinuclear area of some interphase blastocyst cells and as putative centrosomes of the spindle poles of dividing cells. The cells of the hatched blastocysts developed centrin spots comparable with those of the cultured cells. Some blastomeres displayed undefined curved plate-like centrin-labeled structures. Anti-centrin antibody labeled interphase centrosomes of cultured pig embryonic fibroblast cells as distinct spots in the juxtanuclear area. Enucleated pig oocytes reconstructed by electrofusion with pig fibroblasts displayed centrin of the donor cell during the early stages of nuclear decondensation but became undetectable in the late pronuclear or cleavage stages. These observations suggest that porcine zygotes and pre-blastocyst embryonic cells lack centrin and do not retain exogenously incorporated centrin. The early embryonic centrosomes function without centrin. Centrin in the blastocyst stage embryos is likely a result of de novo synthesis at the onset of differentiation of the pluripotent blastomeres.