gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Technical Verification and Validation of ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 for A-SMGCS (2002)

This report is a technical verification and validation of ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast) over VDL Mode 4 (Very High Frequency Data Link Mode 4) for the use in the surveillance element of an A-SMGCS (Advanced Surface Movement Guidance and Control System). The main objective of this report is to examine if ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 fulfils the technical requirements for an implementation at Arlanda airport, Stockholm Sweden. The report also includes a FMECA (Failure Mode, Effects and Criticality Analysis), a theoretical background and methods for monitoring. The process of making this report can be divided into three phases: 1. Preliminary Study. In this phase the requirements were examined and structured. 2. Verification. In this phase the system performance has been verified both theoretically and by several tests at Arlanda Airport. Simulation results have also been used. 3. Validation and documentation. The tests and verifications that were performed in phase 2 were validated in the third phase of the project. The final project document was also written in this phase. The main conclusion from this analysis is that ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 is well suited for surveillance. ADS-B/VDL Mode 4 has the possibility to fulfil all considered requirements, apart from detecting all obstacles. But if all the requirements are going to be fulfilled depends both on the implementation and the operational environment. The results from this verification and validation should be used as the technical subset in a future safety case, both in Sweden and internationally.
Patterns of relapse and response to retreatment in patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma who responded to interleukin-2-based immunotherapy. (1998)

In patients with metastatic melanoma or renal cell carcinoma, tumor relapse was common after a partial response to an interleukin-2-based therapy and included previously identified sites of disease in most patients. Relapse after a complete response was less frequent and involved only new sites in a majority of patients. In selected patients who relapsed, repeat treatment with the same interleukin-2-based therapy that provided the initial response was rarely effective. However, with a different interleukin-2-based therapy, usually using tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, repeat treatment induced secondary responses in some patients. In addition, salvage metastasectomy resulted in durable progression-free survival in selected patients.
Deducing the functional characteristics of the human selenoprotein SELK from the structural properties of its intrinsically disordered C-terminal domain (2016)

The intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) cannot be described by a single structural representation but, due to their high structural fluctuation, through conformational ensembles. Certainly, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations represent a useful tool to study their different conformations capturing the conformational distribution. Our group is focusing on the structural characterization of proteins belonging to the seleno-proteome due to their involvement in cancer. They present disordered domains central for their biological function, and, in particular, SELK is a single-pass transmembrane protein that resides in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane (ER) with a C-terminal domain exposed to the cytoplasm that is known to interact with different components of the endoplasmic reticulum associated to the protein degradation (ERAD) pathway. This protein is found to be up-expressed in hepatocellular carcinoma and in other cancers. In this work we performed a detailed analysis of the C-terminal domain sequence of SELK and discovered that it is characterized by many prolines, and four negatively and eleven positively charged residues, which are crucial for its biological activity. This region can be considered as a weak polyelectrolyte and, specifically, a polycation, with high disordered propensity and different phosphorylation sites dislocated along the sequence. Then, we modeled its three-dimensional structure by performing MD simulations in water at neutral pH to analyze the structural stability as well as to identify the presence of HUB residues that play a key structural role as evidenced by the residue-residue interaction network analysis. Through this approach, we demonstrate that the C-terminal domain of SELK (i) presents a poor content of regular secondary structure elements, (ii) is dynamically stabilized by a network of intra-molecular H-bonds and H-bonds with water molecules, (iii) is highly fluctuating and, therefore, can be described only through a conformational ensemble, where we evidenced a distribution of equilibrium conformers which continuously inter-change their conformations. Finally to verify the specific role played by the negative charges, we also performed MD simulations at acidic pH. Overall, all the obtained results evidenced that SELK has the dynamic structural features to be defined as a HUB protein able to interact with multiple members. Therefore, considering the possible role that this protein can have in cancer development and progression, it can represent a target for drug design studies.
Total selenium and selenium species in irrigation drain inflows to the Salton Sea, California, October 2008 and January 2009 (2009)

Temperature in degrees Celsius (C) may be converted to degrees Fahrenheit (F) as follows:
Detection in Digital Communication Systems with Phase Noise (2004)

In every communication system, the limitations of the hardware sets a constraint on the overall system performance. More often than not, these limitations are not taken into account during the system design stage where the hardware is considered ideal. In this thesis, we address the problem of data detection in the presence of oscillator phase noise in communication systems. After discussing a model for phase noise, we study the problem of performing data detection on different systems experiencing phase noise.In a first step, we looked at a single carrier QPSK communication system operating on an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel. Three estimation algorithms are proposed and compared with respect to their performance at a given signal to noise ratio (SNR).The study is then extended to multicarrier systems. We provide an analysis of the bit error rate (BER) and a receiver algorithm for an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system which experiences phase noise over an AWGN channel. In the next step, we consider a coded OFDM system employing convolutional codes operating on fading channels. Three channel models are considered. A joint phase noise-channel estimation algorithm is presented and its performance on the different channel models are discussed.
Improved finite element computations of torque in brushless permanent magnet motors (2005)

Two new finite element (FE) methods for improved electromagnetic torque computation are proposed in the paper. The first method uses an analytical filter applied to the Maxwell stress tensor calculation. The second method is based on the virtual work principle and directly provides the separation of torque in its average and pulsating components. The FE computational methods are validated on a brushless PM motor having a rotor with surface mounted ferrite arcs. The relative merits of each method are discussed, together with computational issues, such as the influence of the meshing and the convergence of the calculation.
<title>Design of a CCD focal-plane image halftoner</title> (1990)

The design of a CCD image half-toner integrated monolithically on the focal plane with a 256 x 256 frame transfer imager is reported and the algorithm used is discussed. The imager/half-toner chip is projected to achieve a throughput of 30 frames per second.
High-Resolution Fine Mapping and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization Analysis of sun, a Locus Controlling Tomato Fruit Shape, Reveals a Region of the Tomato Genome Prone to DNA Rearrangements (2004)

The locus sun on the short arm of tomato chromosome 7 controls morphology of the fruit. Alleles from wild relatives impart a round shape, while alleles from certain cultivated varieties impart an oval shape typical of roma-type tomatoes. We fine mapped the locus in two populations and investigated the genome organization of the region spanning and flanking sun. The first high-resolution genetic map of the sun locus was constructed using a nearly isogenic F(2) population derived from a cross between Lycopersicon pennellii introgression line IL7-4 and L. esculentum cv Sun1642. The mapping combined with results from pachytene FISH experiments demonstrated that the top of chromosome 7 is inverted in L. pennellii accession LA716. sun was located close to the chromosomal breakpoint and within the inversion, thereby precluding map-based cloning of the gene using this population. The fruit-shape locus was subsequently fine mapped in a population derived from a cross between L. esculentum Sun1642 and L. pimpinellifolium LA1589. Chromosome walking using clones identified from several large genomic insert libraries resulted in two noncontiguous contigs flanking sun. Fiber-FISH analysis showed that distance between the two contigs measured 68 kb in L. esculentum Sun1642 and 38 kb in L. pimpinellifolium LA1589, respectively. The sun locus mapped between the two contigs, suggesting that allelic variation at this locus may be due to an insertion/deletion event. The results demonstrate that sun is located in a highly dynamic region of the tomato genome.
Characterization of the Acetate-Producing Pathways in Escherichia coli (2005)

Although the bacterium E. coli is chosen as the host in many bioprocesses, the accumulation of a common byproduct, acetate, is often problematic. Acetate, when present at high levels, will inhibit both cell growth and recombinant protein productivity. In addition, products derived from the central aerobic metabolic pathway often compete with the acetate-producing pathways poxB and ackA-pta for glucose as the substrate. As such, a significant portion of the glucose may be excreted as acetate, wasting substrate that otherwise could have been used for the desired product. We have created mutant E. coli strains with a deletion of either the poxB or the ackA-pta pathway. These two strains, along with the wild-type strain, have been studied in batch reactors over a 12 h time period, at pH 7.0 and 6.0. The wild-type strain has also been studied using glucose as the carbon source. Data were collected to correlate cellular growth, extracellular metabolite production, enzyme activity, and gene expression. Results show that the ackA-pta pathway dominates in exponential phase, and the poxB pathway dominates in stationary phase. The ackA-pta pathway is repressed in acidic environments, whereas the poxB pathway is activated.
Multi-FR: A Multi-Objective Optimization Method for Achieving Two-sided Fairness in E-commerce Recommendation. (2021)

Two-sided marketplaces are an important component of many existing Internet services like Airbnb and Amazon, which have both consumers (e.g. users) and producers (e.g. retailers). Traditionally, the recommendation system in these platforms mainly focuses on maximizing customer satisfaction by recommending the most relevant items based on the learned user preference. However, it has been shown in previous works that solely optimizing the satisfaction of customers may lead to unfair exposure of items, which jeopardizes the benefits of producers. To tackle this problem, we propose a fairness-aware recommendation framework by using multi-objective optimization, Multi-FR, to adaptively balance the objectives between consumers and producers. In particular, Multi-FR adopts the multi-gradient descent to generate a Pareto set of solutions, where the most appropriate one is selected from the Pareto set. In addition, four fairness metrics/constraints are applied to make the recommendation results on both the consumer and producer side fair. We extensively evaluate our model on three real-world datasets, comparing with grid-search methods and using a variety of performance metrics. The experimental results demonstrate that Multi-FR can improve the recommendation fairness on both the consumer and producer side with little drop in recommendation quality, also outperforming several state-of-the-art fair ranking approaches.
Enantioselective catalysis with tropos ligands in chiral ionic liquids (2007)

Enantioselective homogeneous rhodium-catalysed hydrogenation using tropoisomeric biphenylphosphine ligands was accomplished in readily available chiral ionic liquids and the catalytic system could be reused after extraction with scCO(2).
Antiretroviral Activity, Biochemistry, and Pharmacokinetics of 3′‐Azido‐2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐5‐Methylcytidinea (1990)

3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxy-5-methylcytidine (CS-92, AzddMeC) is an antiviral nucleoside analogue structurally related to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine (AZT). CS-92 is a potent and selective inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and HIV-1 replication in human lymphocytes and macrophages. The EC50 for CS-92 in HIV-1-infected human PBM cells was 0.09 microM. In HIV-1-infected human macrophages, the EC50 was 0.006 microM. This compound was also effective against human immunodeficiency virus type 2 in lymphocytes. The replication of Friend murine virus was only weakly inhibited, and no effect was observed against herpes simplex virus type 1 and type 2 and coxsackievirus B4. CS-92 was not toxic to PBM or Vero cells when tested up to 200 microM and was, furthermore, at least 40 times less toxic to granulocyte-macrophage and erythroid precursor cells in vitro than was AZT. The interaction of the 5'-triphosphate of CS-92 with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase indicated competitive inhibition (the inhibition constant, Kis, was 0.0093 microM) with a 30-fold greater affinity for CS-92-TP than for ddCTP. CS-92-TP inhibited HIV-1 reverse transcriptase by 50% at a concentration 6,000-fold lower than that which was required for a similar inhibition of DNA polymerase alpha. Pharmacokinetic studies showed that CS-92 was not deaminated to AZT in rats, but this compound was found to have a half-life of 2.7 hours. In rhesus monkeys, however, a compound with a retention time and ultraviolet spectra characteristics similar to AZT was detected. The mean half-life in rhesus monkeys for CS-92 was 1.52 and 1.74 h after intravenous and oral administration, respectively, and the oral bioavailability was about 21 percent. Additional preclinical studies with CS-92 will determine the ultimate utility of this antiviral agent for the treatment of HIV-1 infections.
Long-term reconstruction of foveal microstructure and visual acuity after idiopathic macular hole repair: three-year follow-up study (2018)

Integrity of the photoreceptor layer was correlated with better long-term visual outcomes after MH repair. Reconstruction of the foveal ELM and disappearance of glial proliferation in the early postoperative period predicted better visual recovery.
Fluoropolymers for Sustainable Energy (2014)

In this challenging background, advanced materials are at the core of industrial innovation and enable it with better performing and sustainable products and processes. Fluoropolymers, at the top of specialty polymers selection thanks to their unique properties, are naturally part of the solution to these industrial and societal challenges. This chapter deals with the use of such materials, with specific focus on the most spread renewable energy applications, in the three key components of Sustainable Energy: offering better performance by their use, contributing at lowering resource and energy requirements, while considering the sustainability at the end of life of the products. Several attempts are present in literature to represent the landscape of alternative energy; the focus, however, is normally directed onto a specific facet of the energy world: energy sources, production technologies, or application efficiency.
Palladium-catalyzed reactions of ketone .alpha.-carbonates with norbornenes. An unusual cyclopropanation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed reactions of ketone .alpha.-carbonates with norbornenes. An unusual cyclopropanationSensuke Ogoshi, Tsumoru Morimoto, Kenichi Nishio, Kouichi Ohe, and Shinji MuraiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 1, 9–10Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00053a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00053a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Microbiome Structure and Function in Woodchip Bioreactors for Nitrate Removal in Agricultural Drainage Water (2021)

Woodchip bioreactors are increasingly used to remove nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup>) from agricultural drainage water in order to protect aquatic ecosystems from excess nitrogen. Nitrate removal in woodchip bioreactors is based on microbial processes, but the microbiomes and their role in bioreactor efficiency are generally poorly characterized. Using metagenomic analyses, we characterized the microbiomes from 3 full-scale bioreactors in Denmark, which had been operating for 4-7 years. The microbiomes were dominated by <i>Proteobacteria</i> and especially the genus <i>Pseudomonas</i>, which is consistent with heterotrophic denitrification as the main pathway of NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> reduction. This was supported by functional gene analyses, showing the presence of the full suite of denitrification genes from NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> reductases to nitrous oxide reductases. Genes encoding for dissimilatory NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> reduction to ammonium were found only in minor proportions. In addition to NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> reducers, the bioreactors harbored distinct functional groups, such as lignocellulose degrading fungi and bacteria, dissimilatory sulfate reducers and methanogens. Further, all bioreactors harbored genera of heterotrophic iron reducers and anaerobic iron oxidizers (<i>Acidovorax</i>) indicating a potential for iron-mediated denitrification. Ecological indices of species diversity showed high similarity between the bioreactors and between the different positions along the flow path, indicating that the woodchip resource niche was important in shaping the microbiome. This trait may be favorable for the development of common microbiological strategies to increase the NO<sub>3</sub> <sup>-</sup> removal from agricultural drainage water.
Molecular orbital studies of methanol polymers using a minimal basis set (1977)

A b initio minimal basis set LCAO–SCF molecular orbital calculations have been carried out to determine the binding energies and structures of small groups of methanol molecules [(CH3OH)n n = 3,4,5,6] with particular emphasis on aspects relevant to experimental measurements on methanol vapor. Cyclic structures are found to be more stable than the open structures for the trimer and higher polymers. The methanol polymers are very similar to the previously studied water polymers in binding energy and structure. A special stability found for the tetramer in infrared, PVT, heat capacity, and thermal conductivity measurements is consistent with the theoretical results.
Fabrication of transparent ceramics using nanoparticles (2023)

A method of fabrication of a transparent ceramic using nanoparticles synthesized via organic acid complexation-combustion includes providing metal salts, dissolving said metal salts to produce an aqueous salt solution, adding an organic chelating agent to produce a complexed-metal sol, heating said complexed-metal sol to produce a gel, drying said gel to produce a powder, combusting said powder to produce nano-particles, calcining said nano-particles to produce oxide nano-particles, forming said oxide nano-particles into a green body, and sintering said green body to produce the transparent ceramic.
Role of Hetero Interface of Ionic/Covalent Oxides for Pt/High-k/SiO2/Si MOS Capacitors on Vfb Shift (2010)

We have investigated the role of hetero interface of ionic high-k / covalent SiO2 for Pt gate MOS capacitors with strong and weak ionic high-k dielectrics on Vfb shift. The HfO2-based high-k and HfSiON materials of the strong ionic oxide caused the positive Vfb shifts due to dipole, while the Vfb of the HfSiOx-based high-k materials of the weak ionic oxide was almost constant. These suggest that the ionicity of high-k materials is an important because the oxygen diffusion which is related to the dipole formation strongly depends on the ionicity.
The Integration of Early Psychosis Services in a System of Care Framework: Opportunities, Issues (2018)

Since the beginning of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration’s Children’s Mental Health Initiative in 1993, the system of care (SOC) framework has provided the foundation for community- based service development in the United States and has focused on improving the lives of children, youth, and young adults who experience the most complex mental health needs and their families. In recent years, with greater understanding of early psychosis, the SOC framework has expanded to include young adults presenting with signs of early psychosis. The SOC approach brings children, youth, and young adults with Serious Emotional Disturbance (SED)1 and their families together with community-based services and supports to create a network of care that is organized around common principles (i.e., family-driven, youth-guided care; culturally competent, evidence-informed and individualized) and outcomes (e.g., improved functioning at home, in school, and in the community). This approach establishes cross-system mechanisms for service planning, financing, and system improvement, and it increases access to home- and community-based services and supports that improve functioning, promote continuity, and decrease avoidable hospitalizations and out-of-home placements (Stroul, B.A., Blau, G.M., and Friedman, R.M., 2010; U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2015).