gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structural information within regularization matrices improves near infrared diffuse optical tomography (2007)

Near-Infrared (NIR) tomographic image reconstruction is a non-linear, ill-posed and ill-conditioned problem, and so in this study, different ways of penalizing the objective function with structural information were investigated. A simple framework to incorporate structural priors is presented, using simple weight matrices that have either Laplacian or Helmholtz-type structures. Using both MRI-derived breast geometry and phantom data, a systematic and quantitative comparison was performed with and without spatial priors. The Helmholtz-type structure can be seen as a more generalized approach for incorporating spatial priors into the reconstruction scheme. Moreover, parameter reduction (i.e. hard prior information) in the imaging field through the enforcement of spatially explicit regions may lead to erroneous results with imperfect spatial priors.
Shallow water acoustics and marine mammals (2001)

Human activity is causing significant changes to the shallow water acoustic environment. A good understanding of the basics of shallow water acoustics is essential to a proper assessment of the impact of this activity on marine mammals. Misunderstanding of the relevant underwater acoustics can often lead to erroneous conclusions about the impact of such changes on marine mammal ecology. This paper will address some of the issues and misunderstandings. Shallow water regions present an acoustic environment which is typically much more demanding and complex than the deep water environment. Propagation is strongly influenced by the surface, water column, and sea bottom and will vary greatly from place to place, and time to time. Shallow water regions are highly reverberant and are often very noisy. Marine mammals rely on underwater sound for communication and detection of prey. Unlike fish, which evolved entirely in the sea, the marine mammals auditory system evolved from a terrestrial auditory system. This paper will also address the differences between shallow water acoustics and atmospheric and deep water acoustics, and how they effect the acoustic behavior of marine mammals. Specific adaptations of the dolphins echolocation system to the shallow water environment are highlighted.
Characterization of Endogenous Human FcγRIII by Mass Spectrometry Reveals Site, Allele and Sequence Specific Glycosylation* (2018)

The importance of IgG glycosylation, Fc-gamma receptor (FcγR) single nucleotide polymorphisms and FcγR copy number variations in fine tuning the immune response has been well established. There is a growing appreciation of the importance of glycosylation of FcγRs in modulating the FcγR-IgG interaction based on the association between the glycosylation of recombinant FcγRs and the kinetics and affinity of the FcγR-IgG interaction. Although glycosylation of recombinant FcγRs has been recently characterized, limited knowledge exists on the glycosylation of endogenous human FcγRs. In order to improve the structural understanding of FcγRs expressed on human cells we characterized the site specific glycosylation of native human FcγRIII from neutrophils of 50 healthy donors and from matched plasma for 43 of these individuals. Through this analysis we have confirmed site specific glycosylation patterns previously reported for soluble FcγRIII from a single donor, identified FcγRIIIb specific Asn45 glycosylation and an allelic effect on glycosylation at Asn162 of FcγRIIIb. Identification of FcγRIIIb specific glycosylation allows for assignment of FcγRIIIb alleles and relative copy number of the two alleles where DNA/RNA is not available. Intriguingly the types of structures found to be elevated at Asn162 in the NA2 allele have been shown to destabilize the Fc:FcγRIII interaction resulting in a faster dissociation rate. These differences in glycosylation may in part explain the differential activity reported for the two alleles which have similar <i>in vitro</i> affinity for IgG.
Consensus power makes (some) sense! (extended abstract) (1994)

Article Free Access Share on Consensus power makes (some) sense! (extended abstract) Authors: Elizabeth Borowsky Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CAView Profile , Eli Gafni Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CA Computer Science Department, University of California, Los Angeles, CAView Profile , Yehuda Afek Computer Science Department, Tel-Aviv University, Israel 69978 Computer Science Department, Tel-Aviv University, Israel 69978View Profile Authors Info & Claims PODC '94: Proceedings of the thirteenth annual ACM symposium on Principles of distributed computingAugust 1994 Pages 363–372https://doi.org/10.1145/197917.198126Online:14 August 1994Publication History 21citation343DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads343Last 12 Months9Last 6 weeks2 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Extended Vacation Systems and the Universality of the M/G/1/K Blocking Formula (1989)

A simple blocking formula B(K) = (1 - p)EK [1 - pEK]- 1 relates the probability of blocking for the finite capacity M/G/1/K to EK, the steady state occupancy tail probability of the same system with infinite capacity. The validity of this formula is demonstrated for M/G/1 vacation systems augmented by an idle state, an umbrella for a host of priority systems and vacation systems related to M/G/1. A class of occupancy level dependent vacation systems introduced are shown to require a variant of this blocking formula.
Long‐term ingestion of ammonium inhibits lysosomal proteolysis in rat liver (1988)

A standard diet was supplemented with ammonium acetate (20%, w/w). The effect on liver protein degradation of oral administration of the ammonium diet to rats for 6 weeks has been studied. It is shown that lysosomal proteolysis is markedly decreased (by 62%) while non-lysosomal proteolysis is inhibited by 11%. This is the first report showing that ammonium ingestion inhibits liver proteolysis.
High speed parallel multi-chip interconnection with free space optics (2003)

In this paper, a high-speed parallel data communication scheme is proposed for multi-chip interconnections. We present the proof of concept and feasibility demonstration of a practical module packaging approach where free-space optical interconnects can be seamlessly integrated on electronic Multi-Chip Modules (MCM) for intra MCM interconnects. Our system level packaging architecture is based on a modified folded 4-f imaging system that has been implemented using only off-the-shelf optics, conventional electronic packaging, as well as passive alignment and assembly techniques to yield a potentially low cost manufacturable packaging solution. The prototype system, as built, supports 48 independent FSOI channels using eight separate laser and detector chips, where each chip consists of a 1D array of 12 devices. All chips are assembled on a single ceramic substrate together with three silicon chips. Parallel opto-electronic free space interconnections have been demonstrated with link speeds of up to 200 MHz per channel. The system is compact at only 10 cubic inches, and scalable as it can easily accommodate additional chips as well as two-dimensional opto-electronic device arrays for increased interconnection density.
Asymmetric synthesis of oxygen- and nitrogen-substituted difluoromethylene products (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric synthesis of oxygen- and nitrogen-substituted difluoromethylene productsPierfrancesco Bravo, Massimo Pregnolato, and Giuseppe ResnatiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 9, 2726–2731Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00035a035https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00035a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Coordinated Scheduling and Power Control in Cloud-Radio Access Networks (2015)

This paper addresses the joint coordinated scheduling and power control problem in cloud-enabled networks. Consider the downlink of a cloud-radio access network (CRAN), where the cloud is only responsible for the scheduling policy, power control, and synchronization of the transmit frames across the single-antenna base-stations (BS). The transmit frame consists of several time/frequency blocks, called power-zones (PZs). The paper considers the problem of scheduling users to PZs and determining their power levels (PLs), by maximizing the weighted sum-rate under the practical constraints that each user cannot be served by more than one base-station, but can be served by one or more power-zones within each base-station frame. The paper solves the problem using a graph theoretical approach by introducing the joint scheduling and power control graph formed by several clusters, where each is formed by a set of vertices, representing the possible association of users, BSs, and PLs for one specific PZ. The problem is, then, formulated as a maximum-weight clique problem, in which the weight of each vertex is the sum of the benefits of the individual associations belonging to that vertex. Simulation results suggest that the proposed cross-layer scheme provides appreciable performance improvement as compared to schemes from recent literature.
Practical Attacks Against Privacy and Availability in 4G/LTE Mobile Communication Systems (2016)

Mobile communication systems are now an essential part of life throughout the world. Fourth generation "Long Term Evolution" (LTE) mobile communication networks are being deployed. The LTE suite of specifications is considered to be significantly better than its predecessors not only in terms of functionality but also with respect to security and privacy for subscribers. We carefully analyzed LTE access network protocol specifications and uncovered several vulnerabilities. Using commercial LTE mobile devices in real LTE networks, we demonstrate inexpensive, and practical attacks exploiting these vulnerabilities. Our first class of attacks consists of three different ways of making an LTE device leak its location: In our experiments, a semi-passive attacker can locate an LTE device within a 2 km 2 area in a city whereas an active attacker can precisely locate an LTE device using GPS co-ordinates or trilateration via cell-tower signal strength information. Our second class of attacks can persistently deny some or all services to a target LTE device. To the best of our knowledge, our work constitutes the first publicly reported practical attacks against LTE access network protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pentafluoro‐λ6‐sulfanyl Substituted Acetylenes for Novel Liquid Crystals. (2012)

Abstract Triethylborane‐mediated interaction of SF 5 Cl with alkynes (I) and subsequent dehydrochlorination of adducts (II) leads to the SF 5 ‐substituted alkynes (III).
Cellular and molecular basis of cerebral dysgenesis (1997)

Maldevelopment of the cerebral cortex, cortical dysgenesis (CD), may be associated with epilepsy, mental retardation (MR), and focal or widespread neurologic deficits. The histologic hallmark of CD is disrupted cytoarchitecture, including disorganized lamination, malpositioned neurons with respect to their normal radial orientation, abnormal dendritic arborization, and heterotopic neurons within the white matter. Seizures in these patients are particularly difficult to control with conventional anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) and may require epilepsy surgery to remove these abnormal foci. Focal CD has been reported in up to 30% of epilepsy surgery specimens and are believed to provide the central pathologic substrate responsible for seizures in these patients. How and why CD results in epileptiform activity is unknown. Advances in understanding the pathogenesis of some types of CD have occurred recently with the cloning genes responsible for a few types of X-linked and autosomal CD. This review will outline the major subtypes of CD, the pathologic findings, and the molecular etiologies for a variety of CD. We will also address recent experimental advances in studying the pathogenesis of CD.
Direct regulation of rat testicular steroidogenesis by neurohypophysial hormones. Divergent effects on androgen and progestin biosynthesis. (1984)

The direct regulation of testis androgen and progestin biosynthesis by neurohypophysial hormones was investigated in a primary culture of rat testis cells. Treatment with arginine vasotocin (AVT; 10(-6) M) over a 10-day period inhibited the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone accumulation while enhancing hCG-stimulated progesterone accumulation. Furthermore, treatment with increasing doses (10(-11) - 10(-6) M) of AVT by itself led to dose-dependent increases in the accumulation of pregnenolone (ED50: 8.0 +/- 0.2 X 10(-9) M) and progesterone (ED50: 1.6 +/- 0.3 X 10(-8) M) but not testosterone. Under blockade of pregnenolone metabolism using cyanoketone and spironolactone, AVT, like hCG, stimulated pregnenolone accumulation with an ED50 dose of 5.8 +/- 0.3 X 10(-9) M. Similar effects were observed with several related neurohypophysial hormones, but not with nine unrelated peptides. AVT, arginine vasopressin, and lysine vasopressin were about 100-fold more potent than mesotocin, valitocin, and oxytocin. Pressor (but not antidiuretic or oxytocic)-selective agonists of the neurohypophysial hormones also exerted dose-dependent stimulation of pregnenolone accumulation. Potent pressor (but not oxytocic)-selective antagonistic analogs of the neurohypophysial hormones prevented the AVT-stimulated accumulation of pregnenolone. Thus, the neurohypophysial hormones may exert a direct stimulatory effect on testis pregnenolone and progesterone biosynthesis via putative, pressor-selective recognition sites, and this progestin-stimulatory activity may be partly due to stimulation of steroidogenic steps preceding pregnenolone formation. Since the effective doses of neurohypophysial hormones in vitro are higher than the serum hormone levels, the present results suggest an intratesticular paracrine role for these peptides.
Development and Preliminary Testing of a Mobile Robot for Cardiac Intervention (2005)

This report describes the development and preliminary testing of a mobile robotic device (HeartLander) to facilitate minimally invasive intervention on the beating heart. The HeartLander robot will be placed onto the surface of the heart through a port inserted below the sternum. It will then adhere to the heart surface, and under the control of the surgeon, navigate to any location to administer therapy. As compared to current robot-assisted cardiac surgery, this novel paradigm obviates immobilization of the heart and eliminates access limitations. Furthermore, HeartLander allows the use of an insertion method that could enable outpatient cardiac surgery, which is not possible using conventional minimally invasive techniques. The current prototype uses suction to maintain prehension of the heart, and wire-driven remote actuation for locomotion. A digitized fiberscope displays visual feedback to the surgeon, who controls the device through a joystick interface. The initial prototype demonstrated successful prehension, turning, and locomotion on open-chest, beating pig hearts with excised pericardiums
Code Design for Non-Coherent Detection of Frame Headers in Precoded Satellite Systems (2018)

In this paper we propose a simple method for generating binary short-length rate-compatiblefamilies of codes that are robust to non-coherent detection for M-PSK constellations. We use a greedy algorithm to first construct a family of rotationally invariant codeswith respect to M-PSK modulation. Then, by properly modifying such codes we obtain codes that are robust to non-coherent detection. For a special case of QPSK constellation, we use our algorithm to create binary codes with lengths up to N = 256. Our method provides an upper bound for the length of optimal codes with a given desired non-coherent distance. We shortly discuss the optimality of our scheme and provide several simulationsto evaluate the performance. Finally, we discuss the code construction problem for the frame header with a desired codeword error probability (CEP) and derive a simple upper bound on CEP of codes with a given non-coherent distance.
A Well-Defined Isocyano Analogue of HCo(CO)4. 1: Synthesis, Decomposition, and Catalytic 1,1-Hydrogenation of Isocyanides (2016)

Reported here is the synthesis and characterization of the tetrakis(m-terphenyl isocyanide)cobalt hydride HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1; ArMes2 = 2,6-(2,4,6-Me3C6H2)2C6H3). Monohydride 1 serves as a well-defined isocyano analogue of the tetracarbonyl hydride HCo(CO)4. While tetrakis-phosphine analogues of HCo(CO)4 have been reported previously, these compounds have failed to exhibit a reactivity profile that can be compared and contrasted with HCo(CO)4 in a systematic fashion. Herein, HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) is shown to be a readily accessed and reactive complex that allows for this comparison. For example, HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) is found to decompose smoothly to the κ1-C-iminoformyl complex Co(η6-(Mes)-κ1C-C(H)NArMes2)(CNArMes2) (2). Kinetic analysis of this decomposition and that of the d1-isotopomer DCo(CNArMes2)4 (1-d1) revealed a unimolecular process characterized by a large primary kH/kD isotope effect (3.2(6)) and no dependence on the presence of free CNArMes2. These data point to rate-limiting hydride α-migration and formation of the κ1-C-iminoformyl species [Co(κ1-C-C(H)═NArMes2)(CNArMes2)3] as a critical intermediate. Indeed, ligand substitution reactions of HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1), as well as 13C-labeling experiments of the decomposition product 2, demonstrate that hydride α-migration is the dominant mechanistic feature of this system. Most notably, this behavior is in contrast with that of HCo(CO)4, for which it has been established that CO ligand dissociation is the initial mechanistic feature. Additional support for the critical role of hydride α-migration in HCo(CNArMes2)4 (1) was obtained by the development of catalytic CNArMes2 1,1-hydrogenation to form a stable and isolable methylenimine.
Vanadium-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation of Allylic Alcohols in Water (2009)

Asymmetric V-catalyzed epoxidation of allylic alcohols can be carried out in water with chiral ligands, which incorporate sulfonamide and hydroxamic acid fragments. Furthermore, the reaction, notorious for its ligand-deceleration effect, in water turned into the ligand-accelerated process. By using this aqueous protocol, a range of allylic alcohols were epoxidized with up to 94% ee.
Author response: Doublecortin engages the microtubule lattice through a cooperative binding mode involving its C-terminal domain (2022)

Doublecortin activates its C-terminal domain when its N-terminal domain engages the microtubule lattice, leading to self-associations that explain the stabilizing effect of Doublecortin in neuronal migration.
Pulsatile Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Secretion Is Independent of Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone (LHRH): Pulsatile Replacement of LHRH Bioactivity in LHRH-Immunoneutralized Rats (1987)

We recently reported that passive immunoneutralization of endogenous LHRH in castrate male rats completely abolishes pulsatile LH secretion and, within 1 h, lowers mean plasma LH by 86%. While pulsatile FSH secretion, in terms of pulse amplitude and frequency, is not affected, mean plasma FSH is gradually lowered but only by 49% after 24 h. In the present study, we have examined the effect of replacing pulsatile LHRH biological activity on LH and FSH secretion in 4-week castrate male rats in which endogenous LHRH has been immunoneutralized by ovine anti-LHRH serum 772 (LHRH-AS) for 24 h. The LHRH-AS requires the 3-10 amino acid sequence of LHRH including the amidated C terminus for complete recognition. In order to circumvent the antiserum blockade, we utilized the LHRH agonist [Des Gly10]-LHRH ethyl amide (DG-LHRH) which is minimally recognized by the LHRH-AS but which possesses 2.6-fold the LH-releasing activity of LHRH. Twenty-four hours after injecting 500 microliter LHRH-AS into cannulated, castrate rats, sequential blood samples were taken every 10 min for 4 h. Bolus 3-ng injections of either DG-LHRH or saline were given iv either every 30 min during the 4-h collection period or every 30 or 60 min for 10 h before the initiation of and continuing through the 4-h collection period. Each DG-LHRH injection stimulated the release of a single pulse of LH, while pulsatile FSH secretion was unaffected. No synchrony was observed between the DG-LHRH pulses and the endogenous FSH pulses. Short term DG-LHRH treatment partially restored, and long term DG-LHRH treatment every 60 min completely restored, mean plasma FSH to the level observed in nonantiserum-treated castrate control rats. Long term DG-LHRH treatment every 30 min caused a rise in mean plasma FSH which exceeded the plasma FSH level of the nonantiserum-treated controls. The mean plasma level of LH was entirely dependent on the frequency of the DG-LHRH injection. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that pulsatile FSH secretion is independent of LHRH but that LHRH is required to elevate and/or maintain high mean plasma FSH levels. Trough levels of LH, however, are dependent on the frequency of LHRH-induced pulsatile LH secretion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Different Approaches for Si- and Sn-Based Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Distributed aperture active imaging (2007)

With a distributed aperture imaging system, one creates a large imaging aperture by combining the light from a series of distributed telescopes. In doing this, one can construct a fine-resolution imaging system with reduced volume. In this paper we present work on distributed aperture, active imaging systems that use coherent detection and digital image formation. In such a system, the image formation process incorporates digital correction of optical and atmospheric phase errors. Here we discuss the principles underlying this method and present results from laboratory experiments and field experiments performed over a 0.5 km outdoor test range.