gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 2018 GaN power electronics roadmap (2018)

Gallium nitride (GaN) is a compound semiconductor that has tremendous potential to facilitate economic growth in a semiconductor industry that is silicon-based and currently faced with diminishing returns of performance versus cost of investment. At a material level, its high electric field strength and electron mobility have already shown tremendous potential for high frequency communications and photonic applications. Advances in growth on commercially viable large area substrates are now at the point where power conversion applications of GaN are at the cusp of commercialisation. The future for building on the work described here in ways driven by specific challenges emerging from entirely new markets and applications is very exciting. This collection of GaN technology developments is therefore not itself a road map but a valuable collection of global state-of-the-art GaN research that will inform the next phase of the technology as market driven requirements evolve. First generation production devices are igniting large new markets and applications that can only be achieved using the advantages of higher speed, low specific resistivity and low saturation switching transistors. Major investments are being made by industrial companies in a wide variety of markets exploring the use of the technology in new circuit topologies, packaging solutions and system architectures that are required to achieve and optimise the system advantages offered by GaN transistors. It is this momentum that will drive priorities for the next stages of device research gathered here.
Grain Boundary Precipitate Modification for Improved Intergranular Corrosion Resistance (2006)

Intergranular corrosion is a significant concern for Al-Mg alloys when subjected to a corrosive salt-water environment. To address this issue, the standard composition of a 5XXX series aluminum alloy (AA5083) was modified in an attempt to improve the alloy’s overall corrosion resistance through alloying and thermal processing. The concept being that through alloying and heat treatments, desirable precipitate phases such as τ- and/or τ-copper rich phase(s) that are known to offer corrosion resistance would potentially form that could effectively improve intergranular corrosion behavior. Therefore, the chemical composition of standard AA5083 was modified by adding various amounts of copper and zinc. Sensitization heat treatments were then performed to determine the specific conditions under which these phases would form. LOM, SEM, STEM imaging and conventional TEM were used to analyze microstructural features. Corrosion was attributed to a network of detrimental Mg-rich grain boundary precipitates in the standard alloy. Alloying with Cu and Zn can offer improved intergranular corrosion behavior. The mechanism seems to be either by delaying or eliminating precipitation at the grain boundaries.
Study of the mechanism of the light-scattering-mode superresolution near-field structure (2001)

The near-field recording mechanism of the super resolution near-field structure, glass/ZnS-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/AgO<SUB>x</SUB>/ZnS-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>, has been studied experimentally. Near-field optical effects of the glass/ZnS-SiO<SUB>2</SUB>/AgO<SUB>x</SUB>/ZnS-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> have been observed by a tapping mode tuning-fork near-field scanning optical microscope (TMTF-NSOM) on the transmitting light spot. Laser-excited surface plasmon at the interfaces of AgO<SUB>x</SUB>/ZnS-SiO<SUB>2</SUB> thin film was detected by this technique. Results showed that the transmitting focused light through the AgO<SUB>x</SUB> type super resolution near-field structure consists of a propagating term and an evanescent one resulted from the localized surface plasmon of the AgO<SUB>x</SUB> thin film. A strong enhancement of the near-field intensity and the dynamic localized enhancement of the transmitting focused light were observed as well.
Oxygenation of cobalt(II) protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester bound to copolymer of 4‐vinylpyridine and styrene (1978)

Abstract The polymeric cobalt(II) porphyrin complexes were prepared from cobalt(II) protoporphyrin IX dimethyl ester(Co(II)P) and copolymers of 4‐vinylpyridine and styrene(PSP), and their binding ability of molecular oxygen was studied in toluene solution. The five‐ and six‐coordinate structure of CoP‐PSP complexes were confirmed by esr spectra. The esr parameters for the CoP‐PSP complexes were not affected by the molecular weight and the vinylpyridine‐unit content of PSP‐ligand. The 1:1 dioxygen‐Co complex was reversibly formed when the solution of CoP‐PSP was exposed to oxygen atmosphere at low temperature. While the visible spectra and esr parameters for the dioxygen complexes of CoP‐PSP were the same as those of the CoP‐pyridine complex, the equilibrium constant for the oxygen binding increased with the vinylpyridine‐unit content of the PSP‐ligand. The larger entropy change was observed for the oxygenation in the CoP‐PSP system especially, of which the vinylpyridine‐unit content was large.
Differential immunoglobulin G subclass antibody titers to respiratory syncytial virus F and G glycoproteins in adults. (2020)

Two respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins, F and G, which differ substantially in the amount of glycosylation were used as antigens in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass titers in 30 experimentally infected healthy adults. The titers of antibodies to the F glycoprotein achieved in postinfection sera were highest in the IgG1 subclass, whereas those to the G glycoprotein were highest and comparable in the IgG1 and IgG2 subclasses. The high IgG2 response to the G glycoprotein suggests that it is seen by the immune system as a polysaccharide antigen, a hypothesis consistent with its large carbohydrate content.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Catalysis for Reductive Bond Formations (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Aphids on Raspberry, 1989 (1990)

Abstract The experiment was conducted at the Rock Springs Research Farm. The study was laid out as a completely randomized design with 7 treatments each, replicated 4 times. Treatments consisted of 5 plants, spaced 3 feet apart. Data were obtained from samples taken from the center section of plots. The number of aphids were counted on each of 5 canes per crown, 3 crowns for each plot. On 16 Jun, sprays were applied using a CO2 Precision Boom Sprayer that delivered 72 gal/acre at 35 psi as a dilute spray. The spray boom was equipped with twin fan nozzles (T.J. 60-1104 vs). On 18 Jul, sprays were applied using a Meyers Boom Sprayer that was adjusted to deliver 72 gal/acre as a dilute spray. Treatments in parentheses were applied previously on 25 May.
Dislocation of the bearing of the Oxford lateral unicompartmental arthroplasty (2002)

When the Oxford unicompartmental meniscal bearing arthroplasty is used in the lateral compartment of the knee, 10% of the bearings dislocate. A radiological review was carried out to establish if dislocation was related to surgical technique. The postoperative radiographs of 46 lateral unicompartmental arthroplasties were analysed. Five variables which related to the position and alignment of the components were measured. Dislocations occurred in six knees. Only one of the five variables, the proximal tibial varus angle, had a statistically significant relationship to dislocation. This variable quantifies the height of the lateral joint line. The mean proximal tibial varus angle for knees the bearings of which had dislocated was 9° and for those which had not it was 5°. In both groups it was greater than would be expected in the normal knee (3°). Our study suggests that a high proximal tibial varus angle is associated with dislocation. The surgical technique should be modified to account for this, with care being taken to avoid damage to or over-distraction of the lateral soft tissues.
Analysis of prognostic factors in patients with HIV-associated aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas. (2014)

e19512 Background: The occurrence of non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHLs) is a major challenge in HIV positive (HIV+) patients in the era of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Risk stratification of these patients is of paramount value. The study’s purpose was to analyze prognostic factors that could impact the survival of HIV+ patients with aggressive B-cell NHL. Methods: Patients with HIV associated aggressive B-cell NHL were identified between 1998 and 2012. Patients with indolent and primary central nervous system lymphoma were excluded. Clinical data including CD4 count, HIV viral load (VL) and opportunistic infections (OI) were analyzed using the Kaplan Meier method and statistical significance was assessed using the log-rank test. Results: A total of 55 patients were included. The male:female ratio was 7/1. Median age was 43 years (29-65). The median time from HIV to NHL diagnosis was 29 months (0 – 284). Forty four (80%) had advanced stage (III/IV). The Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status was 0-1 in 62%. The most common histologies were Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) - 33 (62%) and Burkitt’s lymphoma -18 (33%). Bulky disease was present in 6 (11%), B symptoms in 18 (33%), elevated LDH in 20 (36%), and CD4 count < 100/mL at diagnosis in 11 (20%) patients. The mean hemoglobin (Hb), serum albumin (SA) and CD4 count were 12.1 g/dL, 3.73 g/dL and 224/uL. The median CD4 count at diagnosis was 180 (5 – 680). Serum albumin < 3.7 g/dL and Hb < 10 g/dl were present in 33% and 20.5% of patients respectively. Twenty eight (51%) had ART at diagnosis. Sixty percent of patients received anthracycline based chemoimmunotherapy. The cohort’s median OS was 29 months. The OS at 5 years was 42%. Poorer OS was associated with SA< 3.7 g/dl (median OS 11 m, HR: 3.15 [CI: 1.23-8.06], p=0.017), IPI score > 3 (median OS 8 m, HR: 3.87 [CI: 1.53-9.73], p=0.003), Hb < 10 g/dl (median OS 4 m, HR: 3.72 [CI 1.43-9.63], p=0.012). The CD4 count and VL at diagnosis did not impact OS. A history of OIs had a trend toward worse OS (p=0.056). Conclusions: Anemia and hypoalbuminemia are associated with poorer OS in HIV associated aggressive B-cell NHLs and could be used as prognostic markers at NHL diagnosis in HIV+ patients. Future validation in larger studies is needed.
Evaluation of preformed monochloramine for bromate control in ozonation for potable reuse (2022)

Bromate, a regulated disinfection byproduct, forms during the ozonation of bromide through reactions with both ozone and hydroxyl radical. In this study, preformed monochloramine was evaluated for use as a bromate suppression method in pilot testing of wastewater reuse with an average bromide concentration of 422±20 µg/L. A dose of 3 mg/L NH2Cl-Cl2 decreased bromate formation by an average of 82% and was sufficient to keep bromate below the MCL at ozone doses up to 8.6 mg/L (1.2 O3:TOC). Removal of 1,4-dioxane through ozonation decreased with increasing NH2Cl dose, confirming that monochloramine suppresses bromate formation, at least in part, by acting as a hydroxyl radical scavenger. This may negatively impact oxidation objectives of ozonation in reuse applications. Increasing monochloramine contact time did not improve bromate suppression, indicating that monochloramine probably did not mask bromide as NHBrCl or other haloamines prior to ozonation. However, NHBrCl and NH2Br may be formed from reactions between HOBr and NH2Cl and excess free ammonia during ozonation. NDMA was formed by ozonation at concentrations up to 79 ng/L and was not enhanced by NH2Cl addition.
Lic-Sec: an enhanced AppArmor Docker security profile generator. (2020)

Abstract Along with the rapid development of cloud computing technology, containerization technology has drawn much attention from both industry and academia. In this paper, we perform a comparative measurement analysis of Docker-sec, which is a Linux Security Module proposed in 2018, and a new AppArmor profile generator called Lic-Sec, which combines Docker-sec with a modified version of LiCShield, which is also a Linux Security Module proposed in 2015. Docker-sec and LiCShield can be used to enhance Docker container security based on mandatory access control and allows protection of the container without manual configurations. Lic-Sec brings together their strengths and provides stronger protection. We evaluate the effectiveness and performance of Docker-sec and Lic-Sec by testing them with real-world attacks. We generate an exploit database with 40 exploits effective on Docker containers selected from the latest 400 exploits on Exploit-DB. We launch these exploits on containers spawned with Docker-sec and Lic-Sec separately. Our evaluations show that for demanding images, Lic-Sec gives protection for all privilege escalation attacks for which Docker-sec and LiCShield failed to give protection.
PMNet: Large-Scale Channel Prediction System for ICASSP 2023 First Pathloss Radio Map Prediction Challenge (2023)

This paper describes our pathloss prediction system submitted to the ICASSP 2023 First Pathloss Radio Map Prediction Challenge. We describe the architecture of PMNet, a neural network we specifically designed for pathloss prediction. Moreover, to enhance the prediction performance, we apply several machine learning techniques, including data augmentation, fine-tuning, and optimization of the network architecture. Our system achieves an RMSE of 0.02569 on the provided RadioMap3Dseer dataset, and 0.0383 on the challenge test set, placing it in the 1st rank of the challenge.
Neptune Project – Modelling and Simulation of Carbonate Environments (2004)

A001 NEPTUNE PROJECT – MODELLING AND SIMULATION OF CARBONATE ENVIRONMENTS Abstract 1 Neptune is a software developed to provide realistic and consistent stratigraphic grid and facies proportions from well data and geology knowledge. It is based on the relationship between the facies and the bathymetry of deposit. Such a relation is generally known approximately by sedimentologists and is case study dependant. It is defined as bathymetry distribution of probability for each facies. A method has been developed to compute automatically and for each well path a curve of bathymetry deduced from observed facies log and given distributions of bathymetry. Extrapolation
Opto-chemo-mechanical transduction in photoresponsive gels elicits switchable self-trapped beams with remote interactions (2020)

Next-generation photonics envisions circuitry-free, rapidly reconfigurable systems powered by solitonic beams of self-trapped light and their particlelike interactions. Progress, however, has been limited by the need for reversibly responsive materials that host such nonlinear optical waves. We find that repeatedly switchable self-trapped visible laser beams, which exhibit strong pairwise interactions, can be generated in a photoresponsive hydrogel. Through comprehensive experiments and simulations, we show that the unique nonlinear conditions arise when photoisomerization of spiropyran substituents in pH-responsive poly(acrylamide-<i>co</i>-acrylic acid) hydrogel transduces optical energy into mechanical deformation of the 3D cross-linked hydrogel matrix. A Gaussian beam self-traps when localized isomerization-induced contraction of the hydrogel and expulsion of water generates a transient waveguide, which entraps the optical field and suppresses divergence. The waveguide is erased and reformed within seconds when the optical field is sequentially removed and reintroduced, allowing the self-trapped beam to be rapidly and repeatedly switched on and off at remarkably low powers in the milliwatt regime. Furthermore, this opto-chemo-mechanical transduction of energy mediated by the 3D cross-linked hydrogel network facilitates pairwise interactions between self-trapped beams both in the short range where there is significant overlap of their optical fields, and even in the long range--over separation distances of up to 10 times the beam width--where such overlap is negligible.
One-Pot Synthesis of Dinucleoside (3′,5′)-Methylphosphonothioates and their Seleno Congeners via the Phosphonotriazolidite Approach (2006)

An efficient method for large laboratory scale synthesis of dinucleoside (3′,5′)-methylphosphonothioates and their ­methylphosphonoselenoate congeners is presented. Bis-(1,2,4-tri­azoloyl)methylphosphonite generated in situ from methyldichlorophosphine is used as a phosphitylating agent and the preparations are performed as one-pot-reactions without isolation of the reactive PIII intermediates.
Targeting Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal (BET) Family Proteins in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC) (2018)

<b>Purpose:</b> Persistent androgen receptor (AR) signaling drives castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and confers resistance to AR-targeting therapies. Novel therapeutic strategies to overcome this are urgently required. We evaluated how bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) protein inhibitors (BETi) abrogate aberrant AR signaling in CRPC.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We determined associations between BET expression, AR-driven transcription, and patient outcome; and the effect and mechanism by which chemical BETi (JQ1 and GSK1210151A; I-BET151) and BET family protein knockdown regulates AR-V7 expression and AR signaling in prostate cancer models.<b>Results:</b> Nuclear BRD4 protein expression increases significantly (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.01) with castration resistance in same patient treatment-naïve (median <i>H</i>-score; interquartile range: 100; 100-170) and CRPC (150; 110-200) biopsies, with higher expression at diagnosis associating with worse outcome (HR, 3.25; 95% CI, 1.50-7.01; <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4 RNA expression in CRPC biopsies correlates with AR-driven transcription (all <i>P</i> ≤ 0.001). Chemical BETi, and combined BET family protein knockdown, reduce AR-V7 expression and AR signaling. This was not recapitulated by C-MYC knockdown. In addition, we show that BETi regulates RNA processing thereby reducing alternative splicing and AR-V7 expression. Furthermore, BETi reduce growth of prostate cancer cells and patient-derived organoids with known AR mutations, AR amplification and AR-V7 expression. Finally, BETi, unlike enzalutamide, decreases persistent AR signaling and growth (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.001) of a patient-derived xenograft model of CRPC with AR amplification and AR-V7 expression.<b>Conclusions:</b> BETi merit clinical evaluation as inhibitors of AR splicing and function, with trials demonstrating their blockade in proof-of-mechanism pharmacodynamic studies. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 3149-62. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Speaker Recognition for Multi-speaker Conversations Using X-vectors (2019)

Recently, deep neural networks that map utterances to fixed-dimensional embeddings have emerged as the state-of-the-art in speaker recognition. Our prior work introduced x-vectors, an embedding that is very effective for both speaker recognition and diarization. This paper combines our previous work and applies it to the problem of speaker recognition on multi-speaker conversations. We measure performance on Speakers in the Wild and report what we believe are the best published error rates on this dataset. Moreover, we find that diarization substantially reduces error rate when there are multiple speakers, while maintaining excellent performance on single-speaker recordings. Finally, we introduce an easily implemented method to remove the domain-sensitive threshold typically used in the clustering stage of a diarization system. The proposed method is more robust to domain shifts, and achieves similar results to those obtained using a well-tuned threshold.
Direct manipulation interface for architectural design tools (2002)

The early architectural design stage is a typical example where traditional design tools such as sketching on paper still dominate over computer-assisted tools. Augmented reality is presented as a promising approach towards developing interaction techniques that preserve the naturalness of the traditional way of designing, while at the same time providing access to new media. Based on the analysis of user requirements and requirements for a natural user interface, a working prototype of a new interaction platform for architectural design was created.
Atomic Solid State Energy Scale (2011)

A plot of electron affinity (EA) and ionization potential (IP) versus energy band gap (E(G)) for 69 binary closed-shell inorganic semiconductors and insulators reveals that E(G) is centered about the hydrogen donor/acceptor ionization energy ε(+/-). Thus, ε(+/-), or equivalently the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE) energy, functions as an absolute energy reference, determining the tendency of an atom to be either a cation or anion in a compound. This empirical trend establishes the basis for defining a new solid state energy (SSE) scale. This SSE scale makes possible simple approaches for quantitatively assessing electronegativity, chemical hardness, and ionicity, while also providing new insight into the periodic trends of solids.
Selective Synthesis of the para-Quinone Region of Geldanamycin (2003)

[structure: see text] The quinone portion of the ansamycin geldanamycin was made with complete selectivity from the 1,4-dihydroquinone generated from a 1,4-bis-methoxymethyl (MOM) ether intermediate. Palladium catalysis with air gave the desired product in 98% isolated yield. The structure was established using NMR, UV, and X-ray analysis with comparisons to geldanamycin, ortho-quino-geldanamycin and a model compound.
Effect of directional solidification methods on solid solution window in Ni-based single-crystal superalloy (2023)

In this work, the effect of directional solidification methods on solid solution windows in two Ni-based single-crystal superalloys is investigated. The sample prepared using the liquid metal cooling (LMC) method was found to contain smaller dendrite spacing, lower dendrite segregation and eutectic, and a smaller size of γ′ phase than that of the high-speed rapid solidification (HRS) method. The alloy-2 contained higher Cr, Co and lowered Re exhibited similar dendrite spacing and volume fraction of eutectic, and the lower dendrite segregation and smaller size of γ′ phase than that of the other alloy-1. The solution treatment window is broadened by adopting the LMC method or changing the composition to alloy-2. This is mainly realized by decreasing the lower limit temperature, and the upper limit temperature remains unchanged. According to the eutectic only contains the melt temperature, a similar eutectic is responsible for the unchanged upper limit temperature. At this state, the lower bound of the temperature is the dissolution of the γʹ phase in the dendrite core. The smaller size of γ′ phase and the elements' partition ratio are responsible for the change in the solid solution window.