gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P1443USE OF WRIST-BASED MONITORING DEVICE AMONG HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS - A FEASIBILITY STUDY (2020)

Abstract Background and Aims Pervasive sensing technologies allow healthcare providers to gain additional insights into patient’s status outside the clinical setting. In order to adopt widespread use of remote monitoring devices we must first study the feasibility of their use. We aim to quantify how long patients will use a wearable device before requiring an intervention to maintain the use of the device. Method In-center hemodialysis (HD) patients were enrolled from 4 clinics in New York City starting in May 2018 and followed for a period of up to 1 year. Patients ≥18 years, on HD ≥3 months, able to walk, owning a smartphone, mobile tablet or PC were enrolled. They were provided with a wrist-based monitoring device (Fitbit Charge 2). Participants were instructed on how to use the device, and sync data to their smartphone, mobile tablet, or PC. If a patient failed to sync data for 7 consecutive days, a text message or email reminder was sent from the research staff. We evaluated time to first notification using Kaplan Meier time-to-event analysis. Predictors of time to first intervention was assessed via univariate Cox Regression. Patients were censored at the end of the observation period (January 6, 2020). Socio-economic parameters such as living situation, marriage status, employment status, race, and education level were collected at the beginning of the study. Results 125 patients were enrolled into our study. 7 patients were screen-failed after enrollment. At enrollment patients were 54±12 years old with a dialysis vintage of 5.6±5.8 years. 37% lived alone, 56% were single, 59% unemployed, 64% were African-American, and 42% had an education level of some college or higher. 82% of the patients required a text message reminder to continue wearing/syncing the device. Mean and median time to first reminder were 101 days (95% CI 80 to 123) and 50 days (95% CI 35 to 70 days), respectively. The probability of being on the study without intervention is shown in Figure 1. Predictors of time to first intervention were chosen a priori and included gender, age, living situation, and education level. None of these parameters were significant predictors of time to first intervention. Conclusion We found that most patients will require at least some intervention or counseling to maintain the use of a wrist-based wearable device for remote patient monitoring. While most patients require an intervention before approximately 2 months into wear, the patients who can maintain use independently after that point are likely to do so for longer.
Improved light out-coupling in organic light emitting diodes employing ordered microlens arrays (2002)

We demonstrate that ordered microlens arrays with 10 μm diam poly-dimethyl-siloxane lenses attached to glass substrates increase the light output of organic light emitting devices (OLED) by a factor of 1.5 over unlensed substrates. The lenses, which are considerably smaller than, and not aligned to the OLEDs, outcouple light that is emitted outside of the escape cone of the substrate. We show that an electrophosphorescent device based on a fac tris(2-phenylpyridine)Iridium (Ir(ppy)3) doped emitting layer has its external quantum efficiency increased from 9.5% using a flat glass substrate, to 14.5% at low current densities using a substrate with microlenses. No change in the emission spectrum is observed for different viewing angles using the lens arrays.
Implantation of proximal NV clusters in diamond by lithographically defined silicon masks with 5 nm resolution (2014)

We present the fabrication of nitrogen-vacancy (NV) spin chains by implantation through a silicon mask on diamond. A minimum implantation aperture width of 5 nm is produced. Super-resolution measurements reveal NV lines 26 nm wide and minimal NV-pitch of 8 nm.
High Power Synchronous Machine fed by a Cascaded Regenerative Inverter (2008)

Cascaded multilevel inverters provide high quality voltages at the load, reducing pulsating torques and common mode voltage. Also, the input current has a low harmonic content due to the multipulse transformer, providing a nearly sinusoidal current. This paper introduces a topology with an active-front-end rectifier at the input of each cell to achieve four quadrant operation. Thus, the main features of the drive are: sinusoidal input and output currents, unity power factor and regeneration of power to the power supply. This work also studies the complete drive behavior of a synchronous machine using this topology.
Multicenter Evaluation of AI-generated DIR and PSIR for Cortical and Juxtacortical Multiple Sclerosis Lesion Detection (2023)

Background Cortical multiple sclerosis lesions are clinically relevant but inconspicuous at conventional clinical MRI. Double inversion recovery (DIR) and phase-sensitive inversion recovery (PSIR) are more sensitive but often unavailable. In the past 2 years, artificial intelligence (AI) was used to generate DIR and PSIR from standard clinical sequences (eg, T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery sequences), but multicenter validation is crucial for further implementation. Purpose To evaluate cortical and juxtacortical multiple sclerosis lesion detection for diagnostic and disease monitoring purposes on AI-generated DIR and PSIR images compared with MRI-acquired DIR and PSIR images in a multicenter setting. Materials and Methods Generative adversarial networks were used to generate AI-based DIR (<i>n</i> = 50) and PSIR (<i>n</i> = 43) images. The number of detected lesions between AI-generated images and MRI-acquired (reference) images was compared by randomized blinded scoring by seven readers (all with >10 years of experience in lesion assessment). Reliability was expressed as the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Differences in lesion subtype were determined using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results MRI scans of 202 patients with multiple sclerosis (mean age, 46 years ± 11 [SD]; 127 women) were retrospectively collected from seven centers (February 2020 to January 2021). In total, 1154 lesions were detected on AI-generated DIR images versus 855 on MRI-acquired DIR images (mean difference per reader, 35.0% ± 22.8; <i>P</i> < .001). On AI-generated PSIR images, 803 lesions were detected versus 814 on MRI-acquired PSIR images (98.9% ± 19.4; <i>P</i> = .87). Reliability was good for both DIR (ICC, 0.81) and PSIR (ICC, 0.75) across centers. Regionally, more juxtacortical lesions were detected on AI-generated DIR images than on MRI-acquired DIR images (495 [42.9%] vs 338 [39.5%]; <i>P</i> < .001). On AI-generated PSIR images, fewer juxtacortical lesions were detected than on MRI-acquired PSIR images (232 [28.9%] vs 282 [34.6%]; <i>P</i> = .02). Conclusion Artificial intelligence-generated double inversion-recovery and phase-sensitive inversion-recovery images performed well compared with their MRI-acquired counterparts and can be considered reliable in a multicenter setting, with good between-reader and between-center interpretative agreement. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license. <i>Supplemental material is available for this article.</i> See also the editorial by Zivadinov and Dwyer in this issue.
Tinkering and gender in end-user programmers' debugging (2006)

Earlier research on gender effects with software features intended to help problem-solvers in end-user debugging environments has shown that females are less likely to use unfamiliar software features. This poses a serious problem because these features may be key to helping them with debugging problems. Contrasting this with research documenting males' inclination for tinkering in unfamiliar environments, the question arises as to whether encouraging tinkering with new features would help females overcome the factors, such as low self-efficacy, that led to the earlier results. In this paper, we present an experiment with males and females in an end-user debugging setting, and investigate how tinkering behavior impacts several measures of their debugging success. Our results show that the factors of tinkering, reflection, and self-efficacy, can combine in multiple ways to impact debugging effectiveness differently for males than for females.
MATRIX MATURATION IN CARTILAGE TISSUE ENGINEERING USING A POLYMER/ALGINATE AMALGAM SCAFFOLD (2002)

Marrow stroma-derived cells (MSC) are highly proliferative, multipotential cells that have been considered as ideal candidate cells for autologous tissue engineering applications. PURPOSE: In this study, we have characterized the chondrogenic potential of human MSCs in both a PLA/alginate amalgam and pure PLA macrostructure as model 3-dimensional constructs to support chondrogenic differentiation following TGF-β treatment. METHODS: MSCs were seeded in experimental groups consisting of PLA loaded constructs and PLA/alginate amalgams with and without recombinant human TGF-β 1. Chondrogenesis of the PLA and the PLA/alginate amalgam cultures was assessed at weekly intervals by histology, immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, sulfate incorporation and RT-PCR. RESULTS: Chondrogenic differentiation occurs within a polymeric macrostructure with TGF-β treatment as indicated by histological, immunohistochemical, sulfate incorporation, and gene expression profiles. This macrostructure can be further encased in an alginate gel/solution to optimize cell shape and to confine growth factors and cells within the polymer construct, while the polymeric scaffold provides appropriate mechanical/tissue support. CONCLUSION: An intervening fibrocatilagenous layer surrounds most cartilage constructs. Therefore, use of the PLA/alginate amalgam is potentially a functionally more desirable approach to cartilage tissue engineering than PLA polymer alone, because the addition of alginate to the scaffold prevents the formation of a fibrous tissue shell along the periphery of the graft, including the perimeter regions. The stable 3-dimensional PLA/alginate amalgam represents a novel candidate system of mesenchymal chondrogenesis, which is amendable to investigation of mechanical, and biological factors that normally modulate cartilage development and formation as well as potential tissue engineering construct for cartilage repair. EJC was supported in part by an ACSM foundation grant and by a Whitaker foundation special opportunity award.
Integrated tunable fiber gratings for dispersion management in high-bit rate systems (2000)

Dispersion management is becoming paramount in high-speed wavelength-division-multiplexed lightwave systems, that operate at per-channel rates of 40 Gb/s and higher. The dispersion tolerances, in these systems, are small enough that sources of dispersion variation, that are negligible in slower systems, become critically important to network performance. At these high-bit rates, active dispersion compensation modules may be required to respond dynamically to changes occurring in the network, such as variations in the per-channel power, reconfigurations of the channel's path that are caused by add-drop operations, and environmental changes, such as changes in ambient temperature. We present a comprehensive discussion of an emerging tunable dispersion compensating device, based on thermally actuated fiber gratings. These per-channel devices rely on a distributed on-fiber thin film heater, deposited onto the outer surface of a fiber Bragg grating. Current flowing through the thin film generates resistive heating at rates that are governed by the thickness profile of the metal film. A chirp in the grating is obtained by using a thin-film, whose thickness varies with position along the length of the grating in a prescribed manner; the chirp rate is adjusted by varying the applied current. The paper reviews some of the basic characteristics of these devices and their implementation, in a range of different applications, including the mitigation of power penalties associated with optical power variations. We present detailed analysis of the impact of group-delay ripple and polarization-mode dispersion on systems performance, and present results from systems experiments, that demonstrate the performance of these devices at bit rates of 10, 20, 40 and 160 Gb/s. We also discuss advantages and disadvantages of this technology, and compare to other devices.
Purification of heterooligosaccharides by microbial treatment and nanofiltration (2023)

Summary Various methods can be applied for the purification of oligosaccharides such as galactooligosaccharides (GOS), fructooligosaccharides (FOS) or heterooligosaccharides (HOS). In the present work, two methods (microbial treatment and nanofiltration (NF)) for purification of an enzymatically synthesised HOS mixture were investigated and compared. With the microbial fermentation, the monosaccharides including glucose, galactose and N ‐acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) could be completely removed whereas lactose was only partially consumed. However, ethanol and acetate were produced as the result of microbial fermentation, which may be considered as an additional problem. The purification yield and the purity of the resulting HOS mixture were 79.4 and 59.3%, respectively. Applying NF with a molecular weight cut‐off (MWCO) of 400 Dalton, the yield and the purity of the HOS mixture were 78.0 and 54.9%, respectively. The resulting product mixture (retentate) obtained after nanofiltration is significantly more concentrated than that of fermentation (257 vs. 106 g L −1 of HOS), however, GlcNAc could not be removed.
Optically Active Poly(phenylacetylene) Film:  Simultaneous Change of Color and Helical Structure (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTOptically Active Poly(phenylacetylene) Film: Simultaneous Change of Color and Helical StructureToshiyuki Fukushima, Kiyohiro Takachi, and Kenji TsuchiharaView Author Information Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 9, 3103–3105Publication Date (Web):March 29, 2006Publication History Received27 December 2005Revised2 March 2006Published online29 March 2006Published inissue 1 May 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0527597https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0527597rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views506Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Chemical structure,Color,Plants,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Energy Efficiency of Distributed Signal Processing in Wireless Networks: A Cross-Layer Analysis (2015)

In order to meet the growing mobile data demand, future wireless networks will be equipped with a multitude of access points (APs). Besides the important implications for the energy consumption, the trend towards densification requires the development of decentralized and sustainable radio resource management techniques. It is critically important to understand how the distribution of signal processing operations affects the energy efficiency of wireless networks. In this paper, we provide a cross-layer framework to evaluate and compare the energy efficiency of wireless networks under different levels of distribution of the signal processing load: 1) hybrid, where the signal processing operations are shared between nodes and APs; 2) centralized, where signal processing is entirely implemented at the APs; and 3) fully distributed, where all operations are performed by the nodes. We find that in practical wireless networks, hybrid signal processing exhibits a significant energy efficiency gain over both centralized and fully distributed approaches.
A study of a new misclassification measure for minimum classification error training of prototype-based pattern classifiers (2008)

In this paper, we revisit the formulation of minimum classification error (MCE) training and propose a sample separation margin (SSM) based misclassification measure for MCE training of multiple-prototype-based pattern classifiers. Comparative experiments are conducted on the task of the recognition of isolated online handwritten Japanese Kanji characters using Nakayosi and Kuchibue databases. Experimental results demonstrate that MCE training with the new misclassification measure achieves significant character recognition error rate reduction compared with MCE training using two traditional misclassification measures.
Low threshold blue conjugated polymer lasers with first- and second-order distributed feedback (2006)

We report on the fabrication of low threshold distributed feedback (DFB) polymer lasers based on a polyfluorene derivative containing statistical binaphthyl units (BN-PFO). First- and second-order feedback lasers have been realized. The emission was tuned in the wavelength range from 438to459nm by varying the grating period and the film thickness. A threshold energy of 280pJ/pulse was observed in second-order DFB structures, which could be further reduced to 160pJ/pulse by employing first-order feedback in electron beam lithographically patterned structures with a period of 140nm. In these first-order structures, laser oscillation at both edges of the photonic stop band was observed. These very low threshold values render BN-PFO a very promising material for future electrically pumped organic semiconductor laser diodes.
Listening strategies in infancy: the roots of music and language development (1993)

This chapter examines infants' processing of complex auditory patterns. It shows that perceptual grouping processes are operative in infancy, and that relational pitch and temporal processing are as characteristic of infants as they are of adults. In particular, relational pitch processing would seem to be a basic and uniquely human disposition, having little to do with acquired knowledge about its utility and more to do with the nature of the human brain. Pitch contours seem to dominate perception at a time when the infant's world is uncluttered with referential meaning. Thus, infants proceed globally, extracting the pitch contours of melodies and spoken utterances and ignoring many of the details within such contours.
Noncoherent eigenbeamforming and interference suppression for outdoor OFDM systems (2008)

We investigate a new approach to uplink communications in wideband outdoor cellular systems that can take advantage of multiple antennas at the base station in a scalable manner, while eliminating or minimizing overhead for channel estimation. The proposed techniques, which focus on exploiting correlated channels with the use of closely spaced antenna arrays, are applicable to emerging Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) based Wireless Metropolitan Area Network (WMAN) systems, such as those based on the IEEE 802.16/20 standards. Outdoor channels frequently have a small number of dominant spatial modes, which can be learned from overhead-free estimation of the spatial covariance matrix by averaging across subcarriers. We describe an eigenbeamforming receiver which projects the received signal along the dominant spatial modes, yielding a beamforming gain that scales up with the number of receive elements and a diversity level depending on the number of dominant spatial modes. Shannon limits are first computed for block fading approximations to time- and frequency-selective channels. The suboptimal noncoherent diversity-combining receiver is shown to approach these limits, with linear complexity in the number dominant modes. Further, for dealing with spatially non-white interfering signals, adaptive suppression techniques are shown to mitigate strong interference with minimal training overhead.
Recent Progress in Sputtered Cu(In,Ga)Se2 Absorbers for Photovoltaics (2015)

Sputtering techniques have increasingly been applied for the fabrication of Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films for photovoltaics. For some of these methods, the metals are deposited via sputtering, and selenium is supplied from a secondary source either during or after deposition. In other CIGS sputtering techniques, selenium is included directly in the sputtering targets, eliminating the need for post-deposition selenization and the reliance on toxic H2Se gas. In general, sputtering offers several advantages over other deposition methods including excellent uniformity over large areas and high material usage. Interestingly, while record efficiencies for laboratory CIGS cells have been established using co-evaporation, the recent records for CIGS modules are based on CIGS films that have been deposited via multicomponent sputtering. We discuss recent progress on sputtered CIGS, reviewing various sputter deposition methods and discussing the advantages and limitations of each. Finally, we highlight areas of research that may result in improved performance.
Pulling Particles Backward Using a Forward Propagating Beam (2012)

Photons carry a positive momentum of k  along its propagating direction. Thus one may expect light to push on objects standing on its path due the scattering force. Indeed, without an intensity gradient, it is counter intuitive for a light beam to pull particle backward. In this talk, we show the possibility for a forward propagating light beam to exert a backward scattering force that pulls a particle backward. We further show that it is the maximization of forward scattering via the interference of the radiation multipoles that is responsible for the backward forces. The necessary condition to achieve a pulling optical force requires both the particle and beam properties. This optical pulling adds an additional freedom to optical micromanipulation.