gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Surveillance of Localized Renal Tumors (2008)

The incidental detection of small enhancing renal masses presumed to be renal cell carcinoma has increased due to the widespread use of cross-sectional body imaging. Active surveillance of these lesions has been pursued in elderly or infirm patients. Here we review the current data regarding the growth kinetics, pathology, stage progression, and clinical management of renal masses under active surveillance. The limitations of these data are discussed.
Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LBC ONC): first 10 years and future perspectives (2018)

In 2008 the Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology (LBC ONC) was established on the basis of two previous Ludwig Boltzmann Institutes working in the field of hematology and cancer research. The general aim of the LBC ONC is to improve treatment of hematopoietic neoplasms by eradicating cancer-initiating and disease-propagating cells, also known as leukemic stem cells (LSC) in the context of leukemia. In a first phase, the LBC ONC characterized the phenotype and molecular aberration profiles of LSC in various malignancies. The LSC phenotypes were established in acute and chronic myeloid leukemia, in acute lymphoblastic leukemia and in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In addition, the concept of preleukemic (premalignant) neoplastic stem cells (pre-L-NSC) was coined by the LBC ONC and was tested in myelodysplastic syndromes and myeloproliferative neoplasms. Phenotypic characterization of LSC provided a solid basis for their purification and for the characterization of specific target expression profiles. In a second phase, molecular markers and targets were validated. This second phase is ongoing and should result in the development of new diagnostics parameters and novel, more effective, LSC-eradicating, treatment strategies; however, many issues still remain to be solved, such as sub-clonal evolution, LSC niche interactions, immunologic control of LSC, and LSC resistance. In the forthcoming years, the LBC ONC will concentrate on developing LSC-eradicating strategies, with special focus on LSC resistance, precision medicine and translation of LSC-eradicating concepts into clinical application.
Bridging the infrastructure gap between traditional wire-bond and TSV semiconductor package technology (2013)

The challenge for today's mobile devices is that they will all be expected to support more advanced graphics processing. And to reinforce this factor the industry requires an exponential increase in processor-to-memory bandwidth. This paper will introduce two innovative semiconductor package technologies designed to address these challenges; the Bond-Via-Array (BVA™) package and Duel and Quad Face Down (xFD™) memory package. The BVA package is an ultra high-IO Package-on-Package (PoP) solution that significantly increases bandwidth to enable current and future smartphone and tablet features and the xFD package assembly process, furnishes a very low profile stacked-die memory variation developed for next generation high performance DRAM.
Effect of five anti-inflammatory steroids on collagen and glycoaminoglycan synthessis in vitro (1980)

The effect of five anti-inflammatory corticosteroids, i.e. hydrocortisone, hydrocortisone 17-butyrate, betamethasone 17-valerate, nicocortonide acetate and nicocortonide, on the synthesis of hyaluronic acid, sulphated glycosaminoglycans and collagen by cultured skin fibroblasts was studied. As inhibitors of all these parameters the steroids could be arranged in order hydrocortisone < hydrocortisone 17-butyrate < betamethasone 17-valerate, nicocortonide acetate and nicocortonide. The corticosteroid concentrations required for inhibition of hyaluronic acid were very low as compared to those required for inhibition of sulphated glycosaminoglycan and collagen synthesis.
The vertical test structure for measuring contact resistance between two kinds of metal (2002)

A vertical test structure was developed for measuring the contact resistance between two kinds of metal. The contact resistance between Al/TiN/AlSi and heavily As/sup +/-doped n/sup +/-poly Si was measured using this structure. The test structure was found to suppress nonuniform current density in the contact hole and to provide more accurate contact resistances. In addition, the R/sub c/ of a small contact window could be obtained from the extrapolation of the measurement data found for large contact windows.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Association of a Nonsynonymous Variant of DAOA with Visuospatial Ability in a Bipolar Family Sample (2008)

The ancestral allele (Arg) of the nonsynonymous common DAOA variant rs2391191 (Arg30Lys) was found to predispose to impaired performance. The DAOA gene may play a role in predisposing individuals to a mixed phenotype of psychosis and mania and to impairments in related neuropsychological traits.
Fluorescence-Doped Particles for Simultaneous Temperature and Velocity Imaging (2012)

Polystyrene latex microspheres (PSLs) have been used for particle image velocimetry (PIV) and laser Doppler velocimetry (LDV) measurements for several decades. With advances in laser technologies, instrumentation, and data processing, the capability to collect more information about fluid flow beyond velocity is possible using new seed materials. To provide additional measurement capability, PSLs were synthesized with temperature-sensitive fluorescent dyes incorporated within the particle. These multifunctional PSLs would have the greatest impact if they could be used in large scale facilities with minimal modification to the facilities or the existing instrumentation. Consequently, several potential dyes were identified that were amenable to existing laser systems currently utilized in wind tunnels at NASA Langley Research Center as well as other wind and fluid (water) tunnels. PSLs incorporated with Rhodamine B, dichlorofluorescein (DCF, also known as fluorescein 548 or fluorescein 27) and other dyes were synthesized and characterized for morphology and spectral properties. The resulting particles were demonstrated to exhibit fluorescent emission, which would enable determination of both fluid velocity and temperature. They also would allow near-wall velocity measurements whereas laser scatter from surfaces currently prevents near-wall measurements using undoped seed materials. Preliminary results in a wind tunnel facility located at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech) have verified fluorescent signal detection and temperature sensitivity of fluorophore-doped PSLs.
A calibrated diversity assay for nucleic acid libraries using DiStRO—a Diversity Standard of Random Oligonucleotides (2009)

We have determined diversities exceeding 10(12) different sequences in an annealing and melting assay using synthetic randomized oligonucleotides as a standard. For such high diversities, the annealing kinetics differ from those observed for low diversities, favouring the remelting curve after annealing as the best indicator of complexity. Direct comparisons of nucleic acid pools obtained from an aptamer selection demonstrate that even highly complex populations can be evaluated by using DiStRO, without the need of complicated calculations.
Planning for Goal-Oriented Dialogue Systems (2019)

Generating complex multi-turn goal-oriented dialogue agents is a difficult problem that has seen a considerable focus from many leaders in the tech industry, including IBM, Google, Amazon, and Microsoft. This is in large part due to the rapidly growing market demand for dialogue agents capable of goal-oriented behaviour. Due to the business process nature of these conversations, end-to-end machine learning systems are generally not a viable option, as the generated dialogue agents must be deployable and verifiable on behalf of the businesses authoring them. In this work, we propose a paradigm shift in the creation of goal-oriented complex dialogue systems that dramatically eliminates the need for a designer to manually specify a dialogue tree, which nearly all current systems have to resort to when the interaction pattern falls outside standard patterns such as slot filling. We propose a declarative representation of the dialogue agent to be processed by state-of-the-art planning technology. Our proposed approach covers all aspects of the process; from model solicitation to the execution of the generated plans/dialogue agents. Along the way, we introduce novel planning encodings for declarative dialogue synthesis, a variety of interfaces for working with the specification as a dialogue architect, and a robust executor for generalized contingent plans. We have created prototype implementations of all components, and in this paper, we further demonstrate the resulting system empirically.
Putative contribution of CD56 positive cells in cetuximab treatment efficacy in first-line metastatic colorectal cancer patients (2010)

CD56+ cells, mainly NK cells, may be the major effector of ADCC related-cetuximab activity. Assessment of CD56+ cells infiltrate in primary colorectal adenocarcinoma may provide additional information to K-ras status in predicting response and PFS in mCRC patients treated with first-line cetuximab-based chemotherapy.
Cryptographic security for mobile code (2002)

We address the protection of mobile code against cheating and potentially malicious hosts. We point out that the recent approach based on computing with "encrypted functions" is limited to the case where only the code originator learns the result of the completion and the host running the code must not notice anything at all. We argue that if the host is to receive some output of the computation, then securing mobile code requires minimal trust in a third party. Tamper-proof hardware installed on each host has been proposed for this purpose. We introduce a new approach for securely executing (fragments of) mobile code that relies on a minimally trusted third party. This party is a generic independent entity, called the secure computation service, which performs some operations on behalf of the mobile application, but does not learn anything about the encrypted computation. Because it is universal, the secure computation service needs to be only minimally trusted and can serve many different applications. We present a protocol based on tools from theoretical cryptography that is quite practical for computing small functions.
Making Monolayer of Inorganic Nanoparticles on Silicon Substrate (2005)

A monolayer of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) was fabricated on a silicon wafer using a cage-shaped protein, ferritin, which can sequester several kinds of inorganic NP in their cavities. Ferritins were bound electrostatically in aqueous condition to the silicon wafer which was modified with aminosilane molecules. The obtained sample was heat-treated at 500°C under oxygen gas, and the protein moiety and aminosilane were completely eliminated. The obtained NP monolayer showed no aggregation or sintering. This new method can be used to produce a dispersed inorganic NP monolayer on a silicon substrate as designed, which could be used as a nanodot array in floating nanodot gate memories.
A 0.4V ultra low-power UWB CMOS LNA employing noise cancellation (2013)

This paper presents an ultra low voltage (ULV), ultra low power (ULP) and ultra wideband CMOS low noise amplifier with noise cancelling. A design methodology for optimizing the trade-off between power consumption and RF performance for a MOS transistor is employed. A current-reuse technique is used to lower the power consumption, and an inductive g <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> -boosting technique is exploited to increase the gain and improve input matching at high frequencies. The circuit is implemented in a 90nm TSMC CMOS technology. Simulation results demonstrate a 15dB gain, a 6.8GHz bandwidth and a 4.5-5.3dB noise figure. The power consumption is only 410μW at a 0.4V supply.
A 20 GHz Peltier-Cooled Low Noise HEMT Amplifier (2005)

A 20 GHz band 135 K (NF=1.66dB) low-noise HEMT amplifier with 38 dB gain has been developed. This was achieved by extremely low-loss input circuits, accurate device characterization method with a strip line tuner and a compact cooling system. The amplifier is cooled to -55°C by a Peltier-cooling unit which consumes only 60 watts.
Applications of the reaction interface mass-spectrometer technique to the analysis of selected elements and nuclides from submicrogram quantities of biological macromolecules and xenobiotics (1988)

Markey and Abramson[1] developed a microwave-powered chemical reaction interface, a device which converts a complex organic molecule in the presence of a reactant gas into small stable molecules which are detected by mass spectrometry.For a given reactant gas the molecules formed
Ninety-Day Mortality After Total Elbow Arthroplasty (2007)

The rate of perioperative mortality after total elbow arthroplasty is low. Most patients who die after this procedure are elderly, have substantial comorbidities, and underwent the total elbow arthroplasty for the treatment of a traumatic or pathologic distal humeral fracture or nonunion.
Angular Domain Data-Assisted Channel Estimation for Pilot Decontamination in Massive MIMO (2017)

Massive Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (M-MIMO) system is a promising technology that offers to mobile networks substantial increase in throughput. In Time-Division Duplexing (TDD), the uplink training allows a Base Station (BS) to acquire Channel State Information (CSI) for both uplink reception and downlink transmission. This is essential for M-MIMO systems where downlink training pilots would consume large portion of the bandwidth. In densely populated areas, pilot symbols are reused among neighboring cells. Pilot contamination is the fundamental bottleneck on the performance of M-MIMO systems. Pilot contamination effect in antenna arrays can be mitigated by treating the channel estimation problem in angular domain where channel sparsity can be exploited. In this paper, we introduce a codebook that projects the channel into orthogonal beams and apply Minimum Mean-Squared Error (MMSE) criterion to estimate the channel. We also propose data-aided channel covariance matrix estimation algorithm for angular domain MMSE channel estimator by exploiting properties of linear antenna array. The algorithm is based on simple linear operations and no matrix inversion is involved. Numerical results show that the algorithm performs well in mitigating pilot contamination where the desired channel and other interfering channels span overlapping angle-of-arrivals.
Scaling and kinematics optimisation of the scapula and thorax in upper limb musculoskeletal models (2014)

Accurate representation of individual scapula kinematics and subject geometries is vital in musculoskeletal models applied to upper limb pathology and performance. In applying individual kinematics to a model's cadaveric geometry, model constraints are commonly prescriptive. These rely on thorax scaling to effectively define the scapula's path but do not consider the area underneath the scapula in scaling, and assume a fixed conoid ligament length. These constraints may not allow continuous solutions or close agreement with directly measured kinematics. A novel method is presented to scale the thorax based on palpated scapula landmarks. The scapula and clavicle kinematics are optimised with the constraint that the scapula medial border does not penetrate the thorax. Conoid ligament length is not used as a constraint. This method is simulated in the UK National Shoulder Model and compared to four other methods, including the standard technique, during three pull-up techniques (n=11). These are high-performance activities covering a large range of motion. Model solutions without substantial jumps in the joint kinematics data were improved from 23% of trials with the standard method, to 100% of trials with the new method. Agreement with measured kinematics was significantly improved (more than 10° closer at p<0.001) when compared to standard methods. The removal of the conoid ligament constraint and the novel thorax scaling correction factor were shown to be key. Separation of the medial border of the scapula from the thorax was large, although this may be physiologically correct due to the high loads and high arm elevation angles.
A 700 kHz ultrasonic link for wireless powering of implantable medical devices (2016)

Wireless energy transmission to medical implants via ultrasonic waves is a promising technology with significant potential benefits over systems relying on radio frequency (RF) transmission in terms of (i) charging efficiency (ii) safety concerns. This paper discusses the design of an ultrasonic link to transfer energy from an external acoustic transmitter to an in-body deeply implanted medical device (IMD). Experimental results show that the rectified wave is able to convey enough power to completely charge a 0.22 F supercapacitor in 210 s.
Framework for Evaluation of Flash Flood Models in Wildfire-Prone Areas (2018)

Abstract. In this paper, we present an innovative framework for evaluating the increased risk of flash flooding in areas that have been subjected to wildfires. Wildfires cause large-scale damage to an area’s soil and vegetation thus increasing both the likelihood and severity of flash flooding. Utilizing remote sensing to analyze aerial imagery of areas that have been affected by wildfires, we can investigate how much a landscape has changed and how that may adversely affect downstream areas in the event of a flash flooding event. There are currently no established frameworks from which downstream local officials can quickly assess the impact of a wildfire on the likelihood for flash floods in their area. The creation of flood maps from hydrologic and hydraulic models can take months due to the political nature of the discussion between local officials, insurance agents, and land developers. Our primary objective is to ensure the public’s safety. Therefore, we developed a framework for quickly updating flood maps and preparing communities in response to a sudden environmental change.
Teil V. Gleichheit – Mindestlohn als internalisierendes Sozialrecht (2015)

Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit verfassungs- und europarechtlichen Aspekten eines allgemeinen Mindestlohns. Der Ansatz ist interdisziplinär und bezieht auch andere sozialwissenschaftliche, insbesondere ökonomische Erwägungen ein. Neben den Freiheitsrechten des Europarechts und des Grundgesetzes wird der Mindestlohn auch in gleichheitsrechtlicher Perspektive betrachtet. Als „internalisierendes Sozialrecht“ dient er der Existenzsicherung der Arbeitnehmer. Aber belastet werden für dieses gesamtgesellschaftliche Ziel nur die Arbeitgeber. Weil die denkbaren Rechtfertigungen für diese Ungleichbehandlung im Ergebnis nicht überzeugen, ist der Mindestlohn verfassungswidrig. Der Gesetzgeber wäre auf Transferzahlungen zur Aufstockung nicht bedarfssichernder Arbeitsentgelte verwiesen. Den Abschluss bildet ein Blick auf alternative Modelle, insbesondere Kombilöhne nach Muster des US-amerikanischen Earned Income Tax Credit.
Crucial neuroprotective roles of the metabolite BH4 in dopaminergic neurons (2023)

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are movement disorders caused by the dysfunction of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons. Identifying druggable pathways and biomarkers for guiding therapies is crucial due to the debilitating nature of these disorders. Recent genetic studies have identified variants of GTP cyclohydrolase-1 (GCH1), the rate-limiting enzyme in tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis, as causative for these movement disorders. Here, we show that genetic and pharmacological inhibition of BH4 synthesis in mice and human midbrain-like organoids accurately recapitulates motor, behavioral and biochemical characteristics of these human diseases, with severity of the phenotype correlating with extent of BH4 deficiency. We also show that BH4 deficiency increases sensitivities to several PD-related stressors in mice and PD human cells, resulting in worse behavioral and physiological outcomes. Conversely, genetic and pharmacological augmentation of BH4 protects mice from genetically- and chemically induced PD-related stressors. Importantly, increasing BH4 levels also protects primary cells from PD-affected individuals and human midbrain-like organoids (hMLOs) from these stressors. Mechanistically, BH4 not only serves as an essential cofactor for dopamine synthesis, but also independently regulates tyrosine hydroxylase levels, protects against ferroptosis, scavenges mitochondrial ROS, maintains neuronal excitability and promotes mitochondrial ATP production, thereby enhancing mitochondrial fitness and cellular respiration in multiple preclinical PD animal models, human dopaminergic midbrain-like organoids and primary cells from PD-affected individuals. Our findings pinpoint the BH4 pathway as a key metabolic program at the intersection of multiple protective mechanisms for the health and function of midbrain dopaminergic neurons, identifying it as a potential therapeutic target for PD.
RBC NITROSOTHIOL FLUX AND VASOREGULATION IN LUNG (2004)

SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 34TH CRITICAL CARE CONGRESS PHOENIX, ARIZONA, USA JANUARY 15-19, 2005: Oral Presentation: Lung Injury
Pentopyranosyl Oligonucleotide Systems. 9th Communication (2003)

Abstract Pyranosyl‐RNA (‘p‐RNA’ ) is an oligonucleotide system isomeric to natural RNA and composed of the very same building blocks as RNA. Its generational, chemical, and informational properties are deemed to be those of an alternative nucleic acid system that could have been a candidate in Nature's evolutionary choice of the molecular basis of genetic function. We consider the study of the chemistry of p‐RNA as etiologically relevant in the sense that knowledge of its structural, chemical, and informational properties on the chemical level offers both a perspective and reference points for the recognition of specific structural assets of the RNA structure that made it the (supposedly) superior system among possible alternatives and, therefore, the system that became part of biology as we know it today. The paper describes the chemical synthesis of β ‐ d‐ (and L )‐ribopyranosyl‐(4′→2′)‐oligonucleotide sequences, presents a resume of their structural and chemical properties, and cautiously discusses what we may and may not have learned from the pyranosyl isomer of RNA with respect to the conundrum of RNA's origin.
Biosynthesis of aristeromycin: the role of (1R, 2R, 3S, 4S)-1-hydroxymethylcyclopentane-2,3,4-triol (1994)

(1R, 2R, 3S, 4S)-1-Hydroxymethylcyclopentane-2,3,4-trio 2, a possible precursor of aristeromycin 1 was synthesised in tritiated form and administered to Streptomyces citricolor. Radioactivity was incorporated into aristeromycin, but degradation showed that incorporation of radioactivity was nonspecific, indicating that the tetrol 2 is not an immediate precursor of aristeromycin 1.