gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multi-center study of neurofilament assay reliability and inter-laboratory variability (2020)

<i>Objectives</i>: Significantly elevated levels of neurofilament light chain (NfL) and phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain (pNfH) have been described in the blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analytical performance of different neurofilament assays in a round robin with 10 centers across Europe/U.S. <i>Methods</i>: Serum, plasma and CSF samples from a group of five ALS and five neurological control patients were distributed across 10 international specialist neurochemical laboratories for analysis by a range of commercial and in-house neurofilament assays. The performance of all assays was evaluated for their ability to differentiate between the groups. The inter-assay coefficient of variation was calculated where appropriate from sample measurements performed across multiple laboratories using the same assay. <i>Results</i><b>:</b> All assays could differentiate ALS patients from controls in CSF. Inter-assay coefficient of variation of analytical platforms performed across multiple laboratories varied between 6.5% and 41.9%. <i>Conclusions</i><b>:</b> This study is encouraging for the growing momentum toward integration of neurofilament measurement into the specialized ALS clinic. It demonstrates the importance of 'round robin' studies necessary to ensure the analytical quality required for translation to the routine clinical setting. A standardized neurofilament probe is needed which can be used as international benchmark for analytical performance in ALS.
General Motors Electric Variable Transmission for Cadillac CT6 Sedan (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An all-new electric variable transmission (EVT) developed by General Motors for rear-wheel-drive products is at the center of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) propulsion system for the Cadillac CT6. This transmission includes two integrated electric motors, planetary gearing, and hydraulic clutches. It is capable of power-split-hybrid operation in continuously variable transmission (CVT) ratio ranges, parallel-hybrid operation in fixed gear ratios, and all-electric propulsion in different ratio combinations. Transmission operation, mechanical design, controls design, motor design, and output capability are explained, and simulation results used as the benchmark for final development are included. All-electric launch and driving, selectable regeneration, and power blending with the turbocharged engine provide smooth and seamless propulsion through the entire driving range.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Spatial coherence discrimination in scattering (1988)

Expressions are derived, valid within the accuracy of the first Born approximation, for the cross-spectral density and for the spectral intensity of the field that is produced by scattering of radiation of any state of spatial coherence. The results are illustrated by examples that show quantitatively the difference between scattering of laser light and of ambient light. It is suggested that the dependence of the scattered intensity on the degree of spatial coherence of the incident radiation could be utilized to make devices that would discriminate between a laser beam and diffuse light.
Deformation-Induced Nanoscale Dynamic Transformation Studies in Zr-Al-Ni-Pd and Zr-Al-Ni-Cu Bulk Metallic Glasses (2007)

Nanoscale dynamic transformations during tensile and compressive deformation of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 and Zr65Al7.5Ni10Pd17.5 bulk metallic glasses have been investigated. Although no apparent differences are observed in the stress-strain curves in the tensile deformation between the two alloys, fine striations and depression zones with viscous flow appear at the fracture surface near the edge in the Zr65Al7.5Ni10Pd17.5 alloy. Unlike the Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 alloy and other bulk metallic glasses, the Zr65Al7.5Ni10Pd17.5 bulk metallic glass exhibits a large plastic strain of approximately 7% during compressive deformation. By detailed examination of the microstructure, we provide direct evidence for nanoscale multistep shear band formation in the Zr65Al7.5Ni10Pd17.5 metallic glass. A novel nanoscale structure where fcc Zr2Ni nanocrystalline particles are arranged in “bandlike” areas in the glassy matrix is observed near the compressive fracture tip. The suppression of the propagation of the shear bands due to dynamic nanocrystallization causes this structure. Furthermore, the results are recognized as a novel phenomenon, a nanoscale dynamic structural change by shear band propagation, and provide a new method for improving the mechanical properties of bulk metallic glasses.
Towards a Rational Basis for Multichannel Music Recording (1998)

The DVD-Audio standard will include multi-channel uncompressed PCM audio. Although we have 30 (or more) years of experience with recording, mixing, and reproducing stereo, as an industry we have relatively little experience with multi-channel music recordings for the home. In this paper, we have chosen to optimize perceptual aspects of spatialization. This leads to a mathematical basis for pan matrices, microphone placement, and for speaker placement correction. Much of this basis can be considered to be an extension of the sound-field work pioneered by Michael Gerzon. Recordings were done using simultaneous, multiple experimental microphone techniques so that different methods could be easily compared. Results of these experiments are described. 2 01/21/00 The number of ways we could imagine to do live recordings for presentation in a multi-channel format is boundless. Although ultimately the final choices must be made on aesthetic grounds, it seems useful to try to develop some objective means of evaluating different techniques. The objective methods can then be used both to explain shortcomings
Advancing MEMS Technology Usage through the MUMPS (Multi-User MEMS Processes) Program (1995)

In order to help provide access to advanced micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technologies and lower the barriers for both industry and academia, the Microelectronic Center of North Carolina (MCNC) and ARPA have developed a program which provides users with access to both MEMS processes and advanced electronic integration techniques. The four distinct aspects of this program, the multi-user MEMS processes (MUMP's), the consolidated micro-mechanical element library, smart MEMS, and the MEMS technology network are described in this paper. MUMP's is an ARPA-supported program created to provide inexpensive access to MEMS technology in a multi-user environment. It is both a proof-of-concept and educational tool that aids in the development of MEMS in the domestic community. MUMP's technologies currently include a 3-layer poly-silicon surface micromachining process and LIGA (lithography, electroforming, and injection molding) processes that provide reasonable design flexibility within set guidelines. The consolidated micromechanical element library (CaMEL) is a library of active and passive MEMS structures that can be downloaded by the MEMS community via the internet. Smart MEMS is the development of advanced electronics integration techniques for MEMS through the application of flip chip technology. The MEMS technology network (TechNet) is a menu of standard substrates and MEMS fabrication processes that can be purchased and combined to create unique process flows. TechNet provides the MEMS community greater flexibility and enhanced technology accessibility.
Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ1 (PPAR‐γ1) as a major PPAR in a tissue in which estrogen induces peroxisome proliferation (1998)

Estradiol administration induces peroxisome proliferation and the production of 3-hydroxy fatty acid pheromones in the uropygial glands of the duck, but not in the goose gland, which does not produce such pheromones. We isolated a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma1 cDNA from a duck uropygial gland cDNA library. Northern blots revealed two transcripts, PPAR gamma1 and gamma2, and showed that PPAR gamma was expressed at higher levels than PPAR alpha in the uropygial gland of the duck. Although PPAR gamma2 was expressed in both duck and goose uropygial gland, PPAR gamma1 was expressed only in the duck gland, which responds to estrogen by peroxisome proliferation. In NIH 3T3 transfected cells, PPAR gamma1 was activated by peroxisome proliferators such as Wy-14643, clofibric acid and Ly-171883 causing induction of the target marker gene. By cotransfection with a plasmid containing alpha-cis-retinoic acid receptor RXR alpha, the induction increased up to 9-fold. These results suggest that PPAR gamma1 may be involved in peroxisome proliferation while PPAR gamma2 may be involved in lipid metabolism.
Identification and primary structure of calmodulin binding domains in the phosphorylase kinase holoenzyme. (1991)

Fast twitch skeletal muscle phosphorylase kinase was isolated and incubated with a radioactive, bifunctional, photoactivable, and cleavable cross-linker conjugated to calmodulin. Incubation of the holoenzyme only resulted in the labeling of the alpha-subunit in the presence of Ca2+. After cleavage with CNBr (and subdigestion with Asp-N protease), a sequence was identified (residues 1069-1087) in the alpha-subunit which had the predominant basic character and the propensity to form an amphiphilic helix like other calmodulin binding domains. If cross-linked calmodulin was incubated with the isolated subunits of phosphorylase kinase, radioactivity was recovered in seven CNBr peptides: three came from the alpha-subunits, one of them corresponding to the sequence labeled in the holoenzyme. Three came from the beta-subunit, and one came from the gamma-subunit. The latter contained the two adjacent calmodulin binding domains recently identified in the gamma-subunit (Dasgupta, M., Honeycutt, T., and Blumenthal, D. K. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 17156-17163).
Apoptotic activity of novel bile acid derivatives in human leukemic T cells through the activation of caspases (2001)

The therapeutic efficacies of bile acids, such as ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) and chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), have been widely demonstrated in various liver diseases, suggesting that they might protect hepatocytes against common mechanisms of liver damage. Although they have been shown to prevent apoptotic cell death in certain cell lines, we have previously reported that a novel derivative (HS-1030) of UDCA significantly inhibited cell growth and induced apoptosis in cancer cells. To develop more effective agents, we synthesized several derivatives, named HS-1183, HS-1199 and HS-1200, based on the structure of UDCA and CDCA, and investigated them for anti-proliferative activity in Jurkat cells, a human leukemic T cell line. Whereas UDCA and CDCA had no significant effects on the growth of Jurkat cells in the concentration range tested, both HS-1199 and HS-1200 completely inhibited the cell proliferation, and HS-1183 showed only a weak inhibitory activity. Furthermore, chromatin condensation, DNA ladder formation and proteolytic cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) were observed after treatment of novel bile acids, indicating the occurrence of apoptotic cell death, which was associated with down-regulation of caspase-3 and -8. The apoptotic manifestations such as PARP cleavage and DNA fragmentation were abolished in the presence of the tripeptide caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk or the specific caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-fmk. Our data thus demonstrate that novel bile acid derivatives-induced apoptosis of leukemic T cells is dependent on caspase activation.
Cathodes and Electron Guns (2009)

<P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>Introduction</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Technology Overview</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Cathode Technologies</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Novel Electron Guns</P> </LI> <LI> <P>Summary and Future Directions</P> </LI> </UL> </P> <P>This chapter contains sections titled: <UL> <LI> <P>References</P> </LI> </UL> </P> ]]>
Insider threat programmes: Time to hit restart (2021)

Insider threat programmes exist to protect sensitive data and assets from internal threats. While most organisations are comfortable with setting up programmes and technologies to protect against external threats, insider threat programmes have historically been harder to implement due to difficulties with technologies and creating the partnerships necessary to achieve success. Now that so many organisations face distributed working environments and increasing cloud-based collaboration tools, insider threat programmes are both more important than ever, as well as more difficult to implement based on typical insider threat programme frameworks. To address this new reality, we propose a new insider threat programme framework that enables cross-organisational collaboration while protecting critical assets and information. This framework consists of 21 controls broken down in people, process and technology pillars. It allows an organisation to make decisions based on the risk appetite of the organisation, while staying away from strict technology requirements that hamper collaboration. By focusing on visibility to data movement instead of blocking data access, this new approach allows for appropriate levels of collaboration in a distributed environment. This paper outlines some of the challenges that exist in traditional insider threat maturity frameworks as well as in the traditional prevention and blocking focused tools such as DLP.
Search for Higgs boson pair production in the $WW^{(*)}WW^{(*)}$ decay channel using ATLAS data recorded at $\\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV (2018)

A search for a pair of neutral, scalar bosons with each decaying into two W bosons is presented using 36.1 fb$^{−1}$ of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. This search uses three production models: non-resonant and resonant Higgs boson pair production and resonant production of a pair of heavy scalar particles. Three final states, classified by the number of leptons, are analysed: two same-sign leptons, three leptons, and four leptons. No significant excess over the expected Standard Model backgrounds is observed. An observed (expected) 95% confidence-level upper limit of 160 (120) times the Standard Model prediction of non-resonant Higgs boson pair production cross-section is set from a combined analysis of the three final states. Upper limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio of a heavy scalar X decaying into a Higgs boson pair in the mass range of 260 GeV ≤ m$_{X}$ ≤ 500 GeV and the observed (expected) limits range from 9.3 (10) pb to 2.8 (2.6) pb. Upper limits are set on the production cross-section times branching ratio of a heavy scalar X decaying into a pair of heavy scalars S for mass ranges of 280 GeV ≤ m$_{X}$ ≤ 340 GeV and 135 GeV ≤ m$_{S}$ ≤ 165 GeV and the observed (expected) limits range from 2.5 (2.5) pb to 0.16 (0.17) pb.
Global estimation in constrained environments (2011)

This article considers the optimal estimation of the state of a dynamic observable using a mobile sensor. The main goal is to compute a sensor trajectory that minimizes the estimation error over a given time horizon taking into account uncertainties in the observable dynamics and sensing, and respecting the constraints of the workspace. The main contribution is a methodology for handling arbitrary dynamics, noise models, and environment constraints in a global optimization framework. It is based on sequential Monte Carlo methods and sampling-based motion planning. Three variance reduction techniques–utility sampling, shuffling, and pruning–based on importance sampling, are proposed to speed up convergence. The developed framework is applied to two typical scenarios: a simple vehicle operating in a planar polygonal obstacle environment and a simulated helicopter searching for a moving target in a 3-D terrain.
IDENTIFICATION OF QTL FOR PRODUCTION TRAITS IN CHICKENS (2005)

If the poultry industry hopes to continue to flourish, the identification of potential quantitative trait loci (QTL) for production-related traits must be pursued This remains true despite the sequencing of the chicken genome. In view of this need, a scan of the chicken genome using 72 microsatellite markers was carried out on a meat-type x egg-type resource population measured for production and egg quality traits. Using a Bayesian analysis, potential QTL for a number of traits were identified on several chromosomes. Evidence of eight QTL regions associated with a total of eight traits (specific gravity, albumin height, Haugh score, shell shape, total number of eggs, final body weight, gain, and feed efficiency) was found. Two of these regions, one spanning the area of 263/287 cM on GAA01 and the other spanning the area of 23/28 cM on GAA02, were associated with multiple QTL.
The immune synapses reveal aberrant functions of CD8 T cells during chronic HIV infection (2022)

Chronic HIV infection causes persistent low-grade inflammation that induces premature aging of the immune system including senescence of memory and effector CD8 T cells. To uncover the reasons of gradually diminished potency of CD8 T cells from people living with HIV, here we expose the T cells to planar lipid bilayers containing ligands for T-cell receptor and a T-cell integrins and analyze the cellular morphology, dynamics of synaptic interface formation and patterns of the cellular degranulation. We find a large fraction of phenotypically naive T cells from chronically infected people are capable to form mature synapse with focused degranulation, a signature of a differentiated T cells. Further, differentiation of aberrant naive T cells may lead to the development of anomalous effector T cells undermining their capacity to control HIV and other pathogens that could be contained otherwise.
RNA Interference-Guided Targeting of Hepatitis C Virus Replication with Antisense Locked Nucleic Acid-Based Oligonucleotides Containing 8-oxo-dG Modifications (2015)

The inhibitory potency of an antisense oligonucleotide depends critically on its design and the accessibility of its target site. Here, we used an RNA interference-guided approach to select antisense oligonucleotide target sites in the coding region of the highly structured hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome. We modified the conventional design of an antisense oligonucleotide containing locked nucleic acid (LNA) residues at its termini (LNA/DNA gapmer) by inserting 8-oxo-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) residues into the central DNA region. Obtained compounds, designed with the aim to analyze the effects of 8-oxo-dG modifications on the antisense oligonucleotides, displayed a unique set of properties. Compared to conventional LNA/DNA gapmers, the melting temperatures of the duplexes formed by modified LNA/DNA gapmers and DNA or RNA targets were reduced by approximately 1.6-3.3°C per modification. Comparative transfection studies showed that small interfering RNA was the most potent HCV RNA replication inhibitor (effective concentration 50 (EC50): 0.13 nM), whereas isosequential standard and modified LNA/DNA gapmers were approximately 50-fold less efficient (EC50: 5.5 and 7.1 nM, respectively). However, the presence of 8-oxo-dG residues led to a more complete suppression of HCV replication in transfected cells. These modifications did not affect the efficiency of RNase H cleavage of antisense oligonucleotide:RNA duplexes but did alter specificity, triggering the appearance of multiple cleavage products. Moreover, the incorporation of 8-oxo-dG residues increased the stability of antisense oligonucleotides of different configurations in human serum.
In Vitro Potency and In Vivo Efficacy of a Novel Bis-Indole Antimicrobial Compound in Reducing Catheter Colonization (2012)

Vascular catheters coated with a novel antimicrobial agent (MBX1631) were studied for their ability to protect against bacterial colonization in vitro and in a rabbit model. MBX1631-coated catheters were significantly less likely to become colonized than control catheters both in vitro and in vivo (P < 0.001). Furthermore, device-associated infection was significantly lower in MBX1631-coated catheters than in uncoated ones (P < 0.005).
Modifying the Catalytic Activity of Ti-Zeolites by Isomorphic Substitution of Si by Ge Atoms. A Periodic Quantum-Chemical Study (2000)

The role of isomorphic substitution of Si atoms by Ge on the properties of Ti sites in Ti-zeolites has been studied in periodic models by means of the ab initio code CRYSTAL98. Several zeolitic models with different Ti, Si, and Ge contents have been considered for calculation, and differences in structural, energetic, and electronic features at the equilibrium geometry have been investigated. The behavior regarding the interaction with a given probe ligand (a water molecule) was also studied. It has been observed that introduction of Ge atoms close to the Ti centers results in the catalyst stabilization mainly due to increased flexibility. From the electronic point of view, the decrease in the framework electronegativity upon substitution of Si by Ge atoms increases the ionicity of the system as well as decreases the Lewis acidity. However, structural effects derived from framework flexibility can mask inductive effects on acidity, to the point that the expected trend can be reverted.
RECENT FINDINGS ON BIOSOLIDS CAKE ODOR REDUCTION - MIDPOINT RESULTS OF WERF PHASE 3 BIOSOLIDS ODOR RESEARCH (2006)

RECENT FINDINGS ON BIOSOLIDS CAKE ODOR REDUCTION - MIDPOINT RESULTS OF WERF PHASE 3 BIOSOLIDS ODOR RESEARCHThe Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF) has sponsored three phases of a long-term project entitled “Identifying and Controlling Odors in the Municipal Wastewater Environment.” The current (third) phase focuses on reduction of odors from dewatered biosolids cakes, and is entitled “Biosolids Processing Modifications for Cake Odor Reduction.” This phase encompasses...Author(s)Forbes BobWitherspoon JayErdal ZeynepShea TimGreg AdamsRon HargreavesRob MortonJohn NovakMatt HigginsSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 3: OdorsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2006ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20060101)2006:2L.50;1-DOI10.2175/193864706783797410Volume / Issue2006 / 2Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)50 - 71Copyright2006Word count465
Heart Valve Biomechanics and Underlying Mechanobiology (2016)

Heart valves control unidirectional blood flow within the heart during the cardiac cycle. They have a remarkable ability to withstand the demanding mechanical environment of the heart, achieving lifetime durability by processes involving the ongoing remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The focus of this review is on heart valve functional physiology, with insights into the link between disease-induced alterations in valve geometry, tissue stress, and the subsequent cell mechanobiological responses and tissue remodeling. We begin with an overview of the fundamentals of heart valve physiology and the characteristics and functions of valve interstitial cells (VICs). We then provide an overview of current experimental and computational approaches that connect VIC mechanobiological response to organ- and tissue-level deformations and improve our understanding of the underlying functional physiology of heart valves. We conclude with a summary of future trends and offer an outlook for the future of heart valve mechanobiology, specifically, multiscale modeling approaches, and the potential directions and possible challenges of research development. © 2016 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 6:1743-1780, 2016.