gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static and Time-Resolved Terahertz Measurements of Photoconductivity in Solution-Deposited Ruthenium Dioxide Nanofilms (2017)

Thin-film ruthenium dioxide (RuO<sub>2</sub>) is a promising alternative material as a conductive electrode in electronic applications because its rutile crystalline form is metallic and highly conductive. Herein, a solution-deposition multi-layer technique is employed to fabricate ca. 70 ± 20 nm thick films (nanoskins) and terahertz spectroscopy is used to determine their photoconductive properties. Upon calcining at temperatures ranging from 373 K to 773 K, nanoskins undergo a transformation from insulating (localized charge transport) behavior to metallic behavior. Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) indicates that nanoskins attain maximum static conductivity when calcined at 673 K (σ = 1030 ± 330 S·cm<sup>-1</sup>). Picosecond time-resolved Terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS) using 400 nm and 800 nm excitation reveals a transition to metallic behavior when calcined at 523 K. For calcine temperatures less than 523 K, the conductivity increases following photoexcitation (ΔE < 0) while higher calcine temperatures yield films composed of crystalline, rutile RuO<sub>2</sub> and the conductivity decreases (ΔE > 0) following photoexcitation.
Synthesis and Deposition of Electron Donors, Acceptors, and Insulators as Components of Zirconium Diphosphonate Multilayer Films (1992)

The deposition of three organodiphosphonates as multilayered zirconium salts is described. The organic cores of the compounds include quaterthienyl, dicyanodipyridylquinodimethane, and biphenyl, which are electron donating, accepting, and insulating, respectively. Structures of the multilayers are proposed based on ellipsometric and absorbance data. Preliminary electrical measurements indicate that the films are nonconductive. The compounds are potential components of heterostructures in which photoactivated charge transfer may be observed.
Investigation of the Reversible Lithiation of an Oxide Free Aluminum Anode by a LiBH4 Solid State Electrolyte (2017)

In this study, we analyze and compare the physical and electrochemical properties of an all solid-state cell utilizing LiBH4 as the electrolyte and aluminum as the active anode material. The system was characterized by galvanostatic lithiation/delithiation, cyclic voltammetry (CV), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Raman spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Constant current cycling demonstrated that the aluminum anode can be reversibly lithiated over multiple cycles utilizing a solid-state electrolyte. An initial capacity of 895 mAh/g was observed and is close to the theoretical capacity of aluminum. Cyclic voltammetry of the cell was consistent with the constant current cycling data and showed that the reversible lithiation/delithiation of aluminum occurs at 0.32 V and 0.38 V (vs. Li+/Li) respectively. XRD of the aluminum anode in the initial and lithiated state clearly showed the formation of a LiAl (1:1) alloy. SEM-EDS was utilized to examine the morphological changes that occur within the electrode during cycling. This work is the first example of reversible lithiation of aluminum in a solid-state cell and further emphasizes the robust nature of the LiBH4 electrolyte. This demonstrates the possibility of utilizing other high capacity anode materials with a LiBH4 based solid electrolyte in all-solid-state batteries.
Impact of Porosity and Boundary Scattering on Thermal Transport in Diameter-Modulated Nanowires (2021)

We study the thermal conductivity of diameter-modulated Si nanowires to understand the impact of different nanoscale transport mechanisms as a function of nanowire morphology. Our investigation couples transient suspended microbridge measurements of diameter-modulated Si nanowires synthesized via vapor-liquid-solid growth and dopant-selective etching with predictive Boltzmann transport modeling. We show that the presence of a low thermal conductivity phase (i.e., porosity) dominates the reduction in effective thermal conductivity and is supplemented by increased phonon-boundary scattering. The relative contributions of both mechanisms depend on the details of the nanoscale morphology. Our findings provide valuable insights into the factors that govern thermal conduction in complex nanoscale materials.
A new polymorphic probe on chromosome 3p: λLIB38-96 (D3S191) (1990)

XLIB38-96 is a 4.0 kb EcoRI fragment isolated from a Charon 21A human chromosome 3 library (1). Polymorphism: MspI digestion of genomic DNA and hybridization with the probe detects a two allele polymorphism: 6.8 kb (Ml) and 4.7 kb (M2). No constant bands were present. Frequency: Estimated from 29 unrelated Caucasians. Ml : 0.
Human prostate cancer initiating cells isolated directly from localized cancer do not form prostaspheres in primary culture (2012)

The development of reproducibly methods to culture CICs isolated directly from localized cancers is still an urgent unmeet need of the prostate cancer research community.
Phenotypic characterization of human bone marrow granulocyte-macrophage forming progenitor cells (1981)

Cell surface antigens of the human bone marrow CFU-C have been studied. Human marrow cells were incubated with a variety of monoclonal antisera and complement prior to culture in semisolid media. By using indirect immunofluorescent studies, the percentage of bone marrow cells binding the antibodies was determined. The CFU-C phenotype is HLA+, la+, 4F2+, 3A1-, and DUALL-1-. This study provides information that is useful in the study of myeloid cell ontogeny and necessary for the use of some of these reagents in the treatment of bone marrow cells prior to human bone marrow transplantation in various clinical settings.
Three-dimensional differential interference contrast microscopy using synthetic aperture imaging (2012)

We implement differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy using high-speed synthetic aperture imaging that expands the passband of coherent imaging by a factor of 2.2. For an aperture synthesized coherent image, we apply for the numerical post-processing and obtain a high-contrast DIC image for arbitrary shearing direction and bias retardation. In addition, we obtain images at different depths without a scanning objective lens by numerically propagating the acquired coherent images. Our method achieves high-resolution and high-contrast 3-D DIC imaging of live biological cells. The proposed method will be useful for monitoring 3-D dynamics of intracellular particles.
Cell Surface Labeling and Detection of Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 via Covalent Aptamers (2023)

Covalent aptamers are novel biochemical tools for fast and selective transfer of labels to target proteins. Equipped with cleavable electrophiles, these nucleic acid probes enable the installation of functional handles onto native proteins. The high affinity and specificity with which aptamers bind their selected targets allows for quick, covalent labeling that can compete with nuclease-mediated degradation. Here, we introduce the first application of covalent aptamers to modify a specific cell surface protein through proximity-driven label transfer. We targeted protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), a prominent cancer marker, and demonstrated aptamer-mediated biotin transfer to specific lysine residues on the extracellular domain of the protein. This allowed for tracking of PTK7 expression, localization, and cellular internalization. These studies validate the programmability of covalent aptamers and highlight their applicability in a cellular context, including protein and small molecule delivery.
Creating Vortex Retarders using Photo-aligned Liquid Crystal Polymers (2007)

We present developments using photo-aligned liquid crystal polymers for creating vortex retarders. Polarization properties of devices with different modes and theoretical and experimental point spread functions in Mueller matrix format for these components are presented.
A Novel Three-Port dc-dc Power Converter with Adaptive Boundary Current Mode Controller for a Residential PV-Battery System (2020)

Multi-port power converters have gained attention in renewable energy applications due to their higher power density caused by fewer number of components. Three-port converters (TPCs) provide desirable solution to many applications combining renewable energy sources (RESs) and energy storage systems (ESSs). This paper proposes a new TPC with an adaptive variable-frequency PWM (VF-PWM) control scheme to assure its operation in boundary current mode (BCM). The proposed TPC provides a feasible solution to combine a PV with a battery system for residential PV systems. This paper discusses the proposed TPC and its operation modes. Moreover, the suggested VF-PWM method is introduced to achieve BCM of the proposed TPC. The provided simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed TPC and its VF-PWM method for BCM operation. Quantitative discussions on benefits of BCM from various aspects are also presented.
Three-Dimensional Dialysate flow Analysis in a Hollow-Fiber Dialyzer by Perfusion Computed Tomography (2008)

Perfusion computed tomography (PCT) is a means to rapidly and easily evaluate cerebral perfusion in patients presenting with acute stroke symptoms, which provides insights into capillary-level hemodynamics. In this study, we used PCT to analyze the 3-dimensional dialysate flow in a low-flux hemodialyzer equipped with a standard fiber bundle. The dynamic CT studies were performed with 64-channel multi-detector row CT (MDCT) at a dialysate flow rate of 500 ml/min and a 1.0 ml/sec injection rate of contrast agent. Central volume principle was used to calculate hydrodynamic parameters by deconvolution of time-density curves (TDCs). Functional maps of dialysate flow (DF), dialysate volume (DV), and mean transit time (MTT) could quantitatively describe the dialysate flow maldistribution, variations in fiber packing, and perfusion pressure distribution in a hemodialyzer, respectively. PCT by means of analysis was able to overcome the limitations of conventional imaging techniques for analyzing dialysate flow distributions in hollow-fiber dialyzers. Not only local hydrodynamic phenomena at microscopic level but also macroscopic flow behavior of dialysate were visualized quantitatively. Therefore, we concluded that PCT is a quantitative analysis method to provide better insights into hydrodynamics of hollow-fiber dialyzers and is expected to contribute to optimization of artificial kidneys.
Characterizing solid-state ignition of runaway chemical reactions in Ni-Al nanoscale multilayers under uniform heating (2015)

Nanoscale layers of nickel and aluminum can mix rapidly to produce runaway reactions. While self-propagating high temperature synthesis reactions have been observed for decades, the solid-state ignition of these reactions has been challenging to study. Particularly elusive is characterization of the low-temperature chemical mixing that occurs just prior to the ignition of the runaway reaction. Characterization can be challenging due to inhomogeneous microstructures, uncontrollable heat losses, and the nonuniform distribution of heat throughout the material prior to ignition. To reduce the impact of these variables, we heat multilayered Ni/Al foils in a highly uniform manner and report ignition temperatures as low as 245 °C for heating rates ranging from 2000 °C/s to 50 000 °C/s. Igniting in this way reveals that there are four stages before the reaction is complete: heating to an ignition temperature, low temperature solid-state mixing, a separate high temperature solid-state mixing, and liquid-state mixing. Multiple bilayer spacings, heating rates, and heating times are compared to show that the ignition temperature is a function of the bilayer spacing. A symmetric numerical diffusion model is used to show that there is very little chemical mixing in the first 10 ms of heating but significant mixing after 50 ms. These predictions suggest that ignition temperatures should increase for the slowest heating rates but this trend could not be identified clearly. The modeling was also used to examine the kinetic parameters governing the early stages of solid-state diffusion and suggest that grain boundary diffusion is dominant.
Multifrequency Analysis of Single Inductive Coil Measurements Across a Gel Phantom Simulation of Internal Bleeding in the Brain (2019)

The present study is part of an ongoing effort to develop a simple diagnostic technology for detecting internal bleeding in the brain, which can be used in lieu or in support of medical imaging and thereby reduce the cost of diagnostics in general, and in particular, would make diagnostics accessible to economically disadvantaged populations. The study deals with a single coil inductive device to be used for detecting cerebral hemorrhage. It presents a first-order experimental study that examines the predictions of our recently published theoretical study. The experimental model employs a homogeneous cylindrical phantom in which internal head bleeding was simulated by way of a fluid inclusion. We measured the changes in amplitude and phase across the coil with a network vector analyzer as a function of frequency (100-1,000 MHz), volume of blood simulating fluid, and the site of the fluid injection. We have developed a new mathematical model to statistically analyze the complex data produced in this experiment. We determined that the resolution for the fluid volume increase following fluid injection is strongly dependent on frequency as well as the location of liquid accumulation. The experimental data obtained in this study supports the predictions of our previous theoretical study, and the statistical analysis shows that the simple single coil device is sensitive enough to detect changes due to fluid volume alteration of two milliliters. Bioelectromagnetics. 2020;41:21-33 © 2019 Bioelectromagnetics Society.
Label-free biosensing using passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) sensors (2009)

We demonstrated that passive (battery-free) radio frequency identification (RFID) devices are attractive as RFID sensors for label-free biological detection. For selective biological sensing, we employ artificial engineered aptamer bioreceptors and immobilize them onto the sensing surface of the RFID sensors. As model analytes, we have selected thrombin protein and Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) and Bacillus globigii (BG) spores.
Volatilization and Biodegradation of Naphthalene in the Vadose Zone Impacted by Phytoremediation (2008)

The combined remediation mechanisms of volatilization and biodegradation in the vadose zone were investigated for naphthalene remediation at a creosote-contaminated site where a poplar tree-based phytoremediation system has been installed. Concurrent field and laboratory experiments were conducted to study the transport and biodegradation of naphthalene in the vadose zone. Soil gas sampling showed that more than 90% of the naphthalene vapors were biodegraded aerobically within 5-10 cm above the water table during the summer months. Peak naphthalene soil gas concentrations were observed in the late summer, corresponding with peak naphthalene aqueous concentrations and the minimum saturated zone thickness. An analytical solution was developed for vapor transport where the diffusion coefficient and first-order biodegradation rate vary vertically in two discrete zones. First-order aerobic biodegradation rates in laboratory columns using unsaturated site soil ranged from 5 to 28 days(-1) with a mean rate of 11 days(-1). The observed naphthalene mass flux at the source (3.3-22 microg cm(-2) d(-1)) was enhanced by aerobic biodegradation and was greater than the mean observed flux in the abiotic control column and the maximum theoretical mass flux by factors of 7 and 28, respectively.
Unsupervised learning of threshold for geometric verification in visual-based loop-closure (2014)

A potential loop-closure image pair passes the geometric verification test if the number of inliers from the computation of the geometric constraint with RANSAC exceed a pre-defined threshold. The choice of the threshold is critical to the success of identifying the correct loop-closure image pairs. However, the value for this threshold often varies for different datasets and is chosen empirically. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised method that learns the threshold for geometric verification directly from the observed inlier counts of all the potential loop-closure image pairs. We model the distributions of the inlier counts from all the potential loop-closure image pairs with a two components Log-Normal mixture model - one component represents the state of non loop-closure and the other represents the state of loop-closure, and learn the parameters with the Expectation-Maximization algorithm. The intersection of the Log-Normal mixture distributions is the optimal threshold for geometric verification, i.e. the threshold that gives the minimum false positive and negative loop-closures. Our algorithm degenerates when there are too few or no loop-closures and we propose the χ <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> test to detect this degeneracy. We verify our proposed method with several large-scale datasets collected from both the multi-camera setup and stereo camera.
Ethylene gas sensing using non-dispersive infrared spectroscopy (2016)

A novel robust low cost sensor for measuring the concentration of ethylene in air is tested. Ethylene levels are important for agriculture, but traditional measurement methods, are unsuitable for measurements in the field. The proposed measurement system is based on a non-dispersive infrared sensing element that measures the characteristic IR absorption peak of ethylene at 10.54μm. A compact hollow waveguide and custom electronics are used to reach the required sensitivity. Our results show that ethylene gas can be reliably detected down to a concentration of 20ppm.
Valence band structure of BaCuSF and BaCuSeF (2006)

The origin of high hole conduction in BaCuQF (Q=S,Se) was investigated by photoemission measurements and full-potential linearized augmented plane wave band-structure calculations. In both compounds, the large dispersion near the top of the valence band is realized by admixed states of Cu 3d and S 3p or Se 4p orbitals, indicating that high hole mobility is possible. In addition, the valence band maxima of BaCuQF are much closer to the vacuum level than most p-type transparent oxides, which leads to high hole stability in the valence band. The high hole mobility and stability in BaCuQF relative to most oxides afford a significantly larger p-type conductivity.
Single-Wave Peristalsis (2000)

Abstract Single-wave peristalsis propagating on the wall of a cylindrical tube is simulated. The unsteady, three-dimensional, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved numerically. The flow is computed with moving boundaries and moving grid. A second-order in time and third-order upwind finite volume method for solving time-accurate incompressible flows utilizing pseudo-compressibility technique is used. In this study, the flow of an axisymmetric “tear-drop” shaped, single, peristaltic wave is analyzed. The effect of transient state on the flow is limited. The three-dimensional effects are also limited to the transient state. The lubrication theory application to the single wave flow may not be appropriate due to its inability to adjust the pressure nonlinearly.
Comparative Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Study of V(V)-Substituted Keggin-Type Phosphomolybdates and -Tungstates (2023)

Vanadium-substituted Keggin-type heteropolyanions have been studied for a wide variety of applications, ranging from catalysis to antiviral/antimicrobial agents. While the V-substituted phosphomolybdates [PVxMo12−xO40](3+x)− have been well investigated in this context, comparatively little is known about the corresponding phosphotungstates [PVxW12-xO40](3+x)−. We have succeeded in synthesizing the sodium salts of the whole series [PVxW12−xO40](3+x)−, for x = 1 to 6, and characterised them spectroscopically (FT-IR, UV-Vis, 31P-, and 51V-NMR) and electrochemically (CV and SWV). Thereby, direct comparisons between the vanadium-substituted phosphomolybdates and -tungstates, with substitution degrees from 1 to 6, can be established, which provides a solid basis for further investigations of potential applications.
Naturally acquired immune responses to malaria vaccine candidate antigens MSP3 and GLURP in Guahibo and Piaroa indigenous communities of the Venezuelan Amazon (2012)

Considering the low incidence of P. falciparum, submicroscopical infections may explain the comparatively high anti-P. falciparum antibody concentrations.
Supplementary Tables 1-6; Figures 1-5 from Role of Activating <i>Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3</i> Mutations in the Development of Bladder Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-6; Figures 1-5 from Role of Activating &lt;i&gt;Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3&lt;/i&gt; Mutations in the Development of Bladder Tumors
Modeling of extrinsic parasitic elements of Si based GaN HEMTs using two step de-embedding structures (2015)

A new parasitic elements extraction technique for GaN HEMT transistors on Si substrate is presented. This technique is based on the use of two de-embedding GaN structures: open and thru-short. The equivalent circuit models along with the extraction procedure are detailed. A very good agreement between measurements and simulations validate the developed extraction method.
OLGA Gastritis Staging in Young Adults and Country-Specific Gastric Cancer Risk (2008)

Geographical differences have been shown in the clinical outcomes of Helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis phenotypes and in gastric cancer risk. This study tested whether the Operative Link on Gastritis Assessment (OLGA) staging correlated with gastric cancer risk in populations from 3 continents. Mapped gastric biopsies were obtained from 316 dyspeptic adults aged less than 41 years from 8 geographic areas that differed in gastric cancer risk. Gastric atrophy was assessed according to internationally validated criteria. Gastritis stage was established according to the OLGA staging system. The most prevalent gastritis stages were 0 to II, which included all subjects entered from Chile, Germany, India, Italy, and Thailand. Gastritis Stages III and IV were limited to the Chinese and Korean populations. Indians had a high prevalence of H pylori infection without high-stage gastritis. In populations at different cancer risk, the gastritis OLGA stage mirrored the gastric cancer incidence. Gastritis staging identifies a subgroup of higher-risk patients.