gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A secure group membership protocol (1996)

A group membership protocol enables processes in a distributed system to agree on a group of processes that are currently operational. Membership protocols are a core component of many distributed systems and have proved to be fundamental for maintaining availability and consistency in distributed applications. We present a membership protocol for asynchronous distributed systems that tolerates the malicious corruption of group members. Our protocol ensures that correct members control and consistently observe changes to the group membership, provided that in each instance of the group membership, fewer than one-third of the members are corrupted or fail benignly. The protocol has many potential applications in secure systems and, in particular, is a central component of a toolkit for constructing secure and fault-tolerant distributed services that we have implemented.
Utilization of Metal-Fouled Spent Residue Hydroprocessing Catalysts in the Preparation of an Active Hydrodemetallization Catalyst (2007)

In the present work, studies were carried out with the objective of utilizing spent residue hydroprocessing catalysts, which contained coke and metal (V and Ni) deposits, in the preparation of active new catalysts that can be used for hydrodemetallization of residual oils. Three types of spent catalysts that contained different levels of vanadium, molybdenum, and nickel were used in the experiments. These catalysts were collected from different reactors (front, middle, and back-end) of an industrial atmospheric residue desulfurization unit. A series of catalysts were prepared by mixing and kneading of spent catalysts with boehmite in different proportions followed by extrusion of the resulting paste. All prepared catalysts were characterized by chemical analysis and by surface area, pore volume, and pore size measurements, and their hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodemetallization (HDM) activities were evaluated by hydrotreating tests in a fixed-bed reactor using Kuwait atmospheric residue as feed. A commercial HDM catalyst was also tested under the same operating conditions and its HDM and HDS activities were compared with that of the prepared catalysts. The results revealed that the catalysts prepared from spent catalyst/boehmite blends contained vanadium, molybdenum, and nickel. The relative concentrations of these metals (V, Mo and Ni) in the prepared catalysts and other key properties such as surface area, porosity, and crushing strength showed a strong dependence on the amount and the type of spent catalyst used in the preparation. Forty to 60 wt % of spent catalysts could be mixed with boehmite and extruded to produce active HDM catalysts. Catalysts prepared from the spent catalysts with low vanadium content such as those discarded from the back-end reactors of an atmospheric residue desulfurization unit were more active than a reference commercial HDM catalyst for promoting HDM and HDS reactions. The presence of some kind of new active sites involving a combination of the three metals Mo, Ni, and V together with the reasonably high surface area and porosity could be responsible for the high hydrotreating activity of the catalyst prepared by mixing spent catalyst with boehmite.
Specific detection of PCR product from Legionella pneumophila strainPhiladelphia1 using zinc finger protein Sp2 (2007)

We have developed a novel method to detect PCR products from pathogen genome DNA by Zinc finger protein that can bind to double strand DNA (dsDNA) in sequence specific manner. In this study, we tried to detect Legionella pneumophila strain Philadelphia 1 using Zinc finger protein. We found the specific target DNA sequence for zinc finger protein Sp2 in L. pneumophila strain Philadelphia 1 genome DNA. Specific PCR product was successfully amplified from L. pneumophila strain Philadelphia 1 genome DNA and we used Zinc finger protein Sp2 to detect it. We succeeded in detecting the PCR products from L. pneumophila strain Philadelphia 1 genome DNA with Sp2.
Isolation and functional effects of monoclonal antibodies binding to thymidylate synthase (1985)

Monoclonal antibodies against electrophoretically pure thymidylate synthase from HeLa cells have been produced. Antibodies (M-TS-4 and M-TS-9) from hybridoma clones were shown by enzyme-linked immunoassay to recognize thymidylate synthase from a variety of human cell lines, but they did not bind to thymidylate synthase from mouse cell lines. The strongest binding of antibodies was observed to enzyme from HeLa cells. These two monoclonal antibodies bind simultaneously to different antigenic sites on thymidylate synthase purified from HeLa cells, as reflected by a high additivity index and results of cross-linked radioimmunoassay. Both monoclonal antibodies inhibit the activity of thymidylate synthase from human cell lines. The strongest inhibition was observed with thymidylate synthase from HeLa cells. Monoclonal antibody M-TS-9 (IgM subclass) decreased the rate of binding of [3H]FdUMP to thymidylate synthase in the presence of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate while M-TS-4 (IgG1) did not change the rate of ternary complex formation. These data indicate that the antibodies recognize different epitopes on the enzyme molecule.
Prevalence of lactase persistent/non-persistent genotypes and milk consumption in a young population in north-west Russia (2009)

An investigation of the lactase persistent genotype in a northern Russian population has not been performed before. The genotype did not affect the consumption of milk products in this population which could be explained by low consumption of milk products among the entire study population.
Integrins and laminins in human renal carcinoma cells and tumors grown in nude mice. (1994)

We studied by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy the distribution of integrins and laminins in four human renal cell carcinoma cell lines (CAKI-2, A498, CAKI-1, and ACHN) in vitro and in s.c. xenografts in nude mice. In vitro, all four cell lines expressed the alpha 1, alpha 3, alpha v, beta 1, beta 3, and beta 5 subunits and three expressed the alpha 6 subunit; all cell lines expressed laminin A, B1, and B2 chains. Histologically, the CAKI-2 and A498 cells formed differentiated grade 1 (G1) and G2 tumors, respectively, while the CAKI-1 and ACHN cells formed poorly differentiated G3 tumors. The described integrin profile was largely retained upon xenografting. Basal polarization of the alpha 3 and alpha 6 integrin subunits was found in the differentiated tumors, and human laminins were detected as discrete linear structures surrounding tumor cell clusters in these tumors, suggesting that the cells have retained a polarized cell-laminin interaction characteristic of normal tubular epithelial cells. A disorganized distribution of integrins and laminins was noted in the G3 tumors. We conclude that these renal carcinoma cell lines displayed an integrin repertoire similar to that of clinical renal carcinomas and retained it upon xenografting. Furthermore, the organization of integrins and laminins in the xenografts correlated with histological grade.
<title>Frequency characterization of the discrete cosine transform</title> (1990)

Two types of frequency characterization of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) have been analyzed in detail. One is performed in the natural spatial frequency domain and the other in the eigenspace of the firstorder Markov stationary random process. In the past the direct conversion from Fourier transform toDCT has been very difficult. It requires either doubling of the input data or reshuf fling the input data sequency. In this paper we have derived a unitary transform that allows one to directly convert a Fourier transform of natural sequence input into a DCT. Furthermore though it is known that the DCT asymptotically approaches the KarhunenLoeve transform (KLT) of the firstorder Markov stationary random process no exact relationship between these two transforms has been given. This paper derives the exact relation and exhibits the frequency characteristics of a DCT. Applications to image data compression and enhancement are also included.
N+2 Low Boom Wind Tunnel Model Design and Validation (2012)

In the late 1960’s and 1970’s the theory for shaping a vehicle for “Sonic Boom Minimization” (ref. 1) was invented by George, Seebass and Darden (ref. 2), to hopefully enable a supersonic transport ( SST) to fly over land with acceptably quiet sonic boom. The theory and supporting methodology has been developed and refined since then up to the present, where we now believe we have the capability to design very low sonic boom vehicles. And perhaps even more importantly, we believe we can design very low sonic boom vehicles with nearly as high of performance as non-low boom vehicles.
Fast DKR of Amines Using Isopropyl 2‐Methoxyacetate as Acyl Donor (2007)

Abstract The dynamic kinetic resolution (DKR) of various primary amine substrates was performed using a modified version of the Bäckvall system. A single equivalent of isopropyl 2‐methoxyacetate was used as acyl donor in combination with p ‐MeO Shvo complex as the racemization catalyst and Novozym 435 as the acylation catalyst. A reaction temperature of 100 °C was employed to ensure a high racemization rate. Adding 2,4‐dimethyl‐3‐pentanol (DMP) as hydrogen donor at a concentration of 0.5 M successfully suppressed side product formation. Under these modified DKR conditions, complete conversion was observed for most substrates within 26 h showing both high ee values and good chemoselectivity, whereas the original system required a reaction time of 72 h.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
ARB candesartan and CCB amlodipine in hypertensive patients: the CASE-J trial (2008)

The Candesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) trial was a comparative study of the angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), candesartan, and a calcium channel blocker (CCB), amlodipine, regarding the incidence of cardiovascular events in high-risk Japanese hypertensive patients. The study design was a prospective, multicenter, randomized, open-label, active-controlled, two-arm, parallel-group comparison study with a response-dependent dose titration and blinded assessment of the end point. The CASE-J trial enrolled 4728 patients, with a mean age of 63.8 years and a mean BMI of 24.6 kg/m(2), who were randomly assigned to either candesartan- or amlodipine-based treatment regimens. Blood pressure was well controlled to the level of less than 140/80 mmHg in both of the treatment regimens. During 3.2 years of follow-up, primary cardiovascular events occurred in 134 patients in each of the two treatment-based regimens, resulting in no significant difference in the incidence of cardiovascular events between them (hazard ratio: 1.01; 95% confidence interval: 0.79-1.28; p = 0.969). In 404 patients with left ventricular hypertrophy, a significantly larger decrease in left ventricular mass index 3 years after enrollment was observed in candesartan-based (n = 205) than amlodipine-based (n = 199) regimens (-22.9 vs -13.4 g/m(2), respectively; p = 0.023). Furthermore, new-onset diabetes occurred in fewer patients taking candesartan than in those taking amlodipine, resulting in a 36% relative risk reduction (p = 0.030). The CASE-J trial demonstrated that both an ARB, candesartan, and a CCB, amlodipine, equally suppressed the incidence of cardiovascular events. The ARB may confer more beneficial effects to hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy or for those at-risk of diabetes than CCB.
Highly linear 4.9-5.9 GHz WLAN front-end module based on SiGe BiCMOS and SOI (2011)

A high linearity 4.9-5.9 GHz T/R FEM is presented. The FEM consists of a SiGe BiCMOS PA and a single-pole double-throw SOI switched LNA in a 3 × 3 × 0.6 mm QFN package. The Tx chain has >;31 dB gain and meets 3% EVM up to 22 dBm with harmonic and out-of-band emissions compliant to regulatory limits. The receive chain features 2 dB NF and 14 dB gain with -3 dBm IP1dB for LNA mode and 4.5 dB attenuation in bypass mode with 10 dBm IP1dB. All these features simplify the front-end circuit designs of complex WLAN/MIMO radios.
Manipulation of the Bioenergetics of Alloreactive T Cells Leads to Their Selective Apoptosis and Arrests Graft Versus Host Disease (2011)

Proliferating cells fuel division by increasing ATP production through oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) or glycolysis. Following bone marrow transplantation (BMT), both hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and alloreactive T cells rapidly proliferate to reconstitute the immune system or mediate graft versus host disease (GVHD), respectively. Proliferating HSCs and progenitor cells on d 8 after syngeneic BMT (B6→B6-Ly5.2) increased glycolysis 3-fold (p < 0.0001, Table 1) but did not increase OXPHOS. By contrast, alloreactive donor T cells in a B6→B6D2F1 model of GVHD more than doubled OXPHOS compared to unstimulated T cells (p < 0.0001, Table 1), which accounted for 80-90% of ATP produced. These results are surpising, as lymphocytes stimulated in vitro generate ATP primarily through glycolysis. Alloreactive donor T cells also proliferated twice as fast as proliferating bone marrow cells (p < 0.0001, Table 1). The more rapid proliferation and increased OXPHOS in alloreactive donor T cells was associated with increased oxidative stress, as indicated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a loss of the antioxidants pyruvate (98% decrease, p = 0.004) and glutathione (25% decrease, p = 0.04). Proliferating bone marrow cells did not exhibit this abnormal bioenergetic phenotype (Table 1). We exploited these redox abnormalities using Bz-423, a novel benzodiazepine that modulates the mitochondrial F1Fo-ATPase and induces ROS-mediated apoptosis. One injection of Bz-423 increased ROS production 2-fold in alloreactive donor T cells (p < 0.001), and increased their apoptosis by 50% (p < 0.001). Bz-423 did not produce ROS or induce apoptosis in unstimualted T cells, B cells or proliferating bone marrow cells. Furthermore, 6 doses of Bz-423 significantly decreased mortality in several models of GVHD (B6→F1: 60% vs. 0%, d 21, p < 0.03; Balb/c→B6: 100% vs. 40%, d 60, p < 0.02; C3H.SW→B6: 71% vs. 25%, d 80, p < 0.02) and significantly reduced GVHD-associated pathology in the liver and intestine. Importantly, Bz-423 treatment did not impair immunologic reconstitution or donor engraftment. The beneficial effects of Bz-423 were due to its ability to induce apoptosis, as treatment with a pan-caspase inhibitor abrogated any survival benefit. We conclude that alloreactive donor T cells have an abnormal metabolic phenotype evidenced by increased OXPHOS and depleted antioxidants that can be exploited for selective immunotherapy of GVHD without inhibiting hematopoeitic reconstitution.Table 1OXPHOS (nMoles O2/(min∗p<0.05106 cells))Glycolysis (nMoles lactate/(min∗p<0.05106 cells))Pyruvate (pMoles/μg protein)Proliferation IndexUnstimulated T0.20 (0.03)0.07 (0.02)10.4 (3.0)-Alloreactive donor T0.48 (0.05)∗p<0.050.53 (0.07)0.2 (0.1)∗p<0.053.5 (0.04)∗p<0.05Proliferating Bone Marrow0.23 (0.05)0.90 (0.11)∗p<0.058.5 (2.3)1.7 (0.07)∗ p<0.05 Open table in a new tab
Lithium Alkyl Carbonates: Preparation and Investigation of Stability (2013)

Abstract not Available.
The Sample Complexity of Subspace Learning with Partial Information. (2014)

The goal of subspace learning is to find a $k$-dimensional subspace of $\mathbb{R}^d$, such that the expected squared distance between instance vectors and the subspace is as small as possible. In this paper we study the sample complexity of subspace learning in a \emph{partial information} setting, in which the learner can only observe $r \le d$ attributes from each instance vector. We derive upper and lower bounds on the sample complexity in different scenarios. In particular, our upper bounds involve a generalization of vector sampling techniques, which are often used in bandit problems, to matrices.
Symptoms, Pathogeny, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Addisonian Anaemia (1926)

BRms_~~~~~~~~~~_ r EIA ORA from the residue of the broth filtrate titred 1 in 5,000 and 1 in 500.Ani autolysate from an agar culture.not previously manipulated in any way gave ani agglutinationi titre of 1 in 7,000.We have concluded from these results that auitolysates and aggressins are antigenie, not because
Treatment and outcomes of post‐transplant lymphoproliferative disease: A single institution study (2006)

Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD) complicate up to 10% of solid organ transplants. This retrospective study was conducted to review the PTLD experience among 2,300 recipients of solid organ or allogeneic bone marrow transplants from a single institution. Twenty-seven cases of PTLD were identified, leading to an overall incidence of 1.2%. Polymorphic B cell hyperplasia/lymphoma was the most common type. The median time to development of PTLD was 8.4 months. Ten patients had localized (stage I or II) disease, and 12 patients presented with B symptoms. Nine patients each were treated with systemic chemotherapy or surgical resection as part of the initial therapy. After a median follow-up duration of 2.6 years, the median survival has not been reached. There were no late relapses of PTLD, and 17 patients remain alive. Age, sex, organ source, LDH, stage, presence of extranodal disease, or presentation with B symptoms did not influence overall survival when examined by Cox proportional hazard model. Thirteen patients retained their graft function throughout PTLD treatment. This study confirms the ability to treat a significant proportion of PTLD patients with chemotherapy or surgical resection (depending on presentation), without sacrificing graft function in those receiving chemotherapy.
ELECTRONIC ABSORPTION MATRIX ISOLATION STUDIES OF GROUP IIIA METAL ATOM PHOTOCHEMISTRY (1982)

The electronic structure of the oxidative Group IIIA metal atom hydration reaction intermediates $(M\\ldots OH_{2})$ and their subsequent photolysis products (HMOH, MO, and MOH) are described. Molecular orbital and electronic state corelation arguments are presented to elucidate the nature of the photochemical pathway that leads up the oxidative insertion product (HMOH) form the metal-water adduct precursor and to understand the predissociation of HAlOH to form $AlOH + H$ and $AlO + H_{2}$.
Crowdsourced Pairwise-Comparison for Source Separation Evaluation (2018)

Automated objective methods of audio source separation evaluation are fast, cheap, and require little effort by the investigator. However, their output often correlates poorly with human quality assessments and typically require ground-truth (perfectly separated) signals to evaluate algorithm performance. Subjective multi-stimulus human ratings (e.g. MUSHRA) of audio quality are the gold standard for many tasks, but they are slow and require a great deal of effort to recruit participants and run listening tests. Recent work has shown that a crowdsourced multi-stimulus listening test can have results comparable to lab-based multi-stimulus tests. While these results are encouraging, MUSHRA multi-stimulus tests are limited to evaluating 12 or fewer stimuli, and they require ground-truth stimuli for reference. In this work, we evaluate a web-based pairwise-comparison listening approach that promises to speed and facilitate conducting listening tests, while also addressing some of the shortcomings of multi-stimulus tests. Using audio source separation quality as our evaluation task, we compare our web-based pairwise-comparison listening test to both web-based and lab-based multi-stimulus tests. We find that pairwise-comparison listening tests perform comparably to multi-stimulus tests, but without many of their shortcomings.
Evidence for Selective Transformation of Autoreactive Immature Plasma Cells in Mice Deficient in Fasl (2004)

Germline mutations in Fas and Fasl induce nonmalignant T cell hyperplasia and systemic autoimmunity and also greatly increase the risk of B cell neoplasms. B lymphomas occurring in Fasl mutant (gld) mice usually are immunoglobulin (Ig) isotype switched, secrete Ig, and are plasmacytoid in appearance but lack Myc translocations characteristic of other plasma cell (PC) neoplasms. Here, we explore the relationship between B cell autoreactivity and transformation and use gene expression profiling to further classify gld plasmacytoid lymphomas (PLs) and to identify genes of potential importance in transformation. We found that the majority of PLs derive from antigen-experienced autoreactive B cells producing antinuclear antibody or rheumatoid factor and exhibit the skewed Ig V gene repertoire and Ig gene rearrangement patterns associated with these specificities. Gene expression profiling revealed that both primary and transplanted PLs share a transcriptional profile that places them at an early stage in PC differentiation and distinguishes them from other B cell neoplasms. In addition, genes were identified whose altered expression might be relevant in lymphomagenesis. Our findings provide a strong case for targeted transformation of autoreactive B cells in gld mice and establish a valuable model for understanding the relationship between systemic autoimmunity and B cell neoplasia.
Site Selective C-H Functionalization of Mitragyna Alkaloids Reveals a Molecular Switch for Tuning Opioid Receptor Signaling Efficacy (2020)

&lt;p&gt;Mitragynine is the most abundant alkaloid component of the psychoactive plant material “kratom”, which according to numerous anecdotal reports shows efficacy in self-medication for pain syndromes, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders. We developed a new synthetic method for selective functionalization of the unexplored C11 position of the mitragynine scaffold (C6 position in indole numbering) via the use of an indole-ethylene glycol adduct and subsequent iridium-catalyzed borylation. We discovered that C11 represents a key locant for fine-tuning opioid receptor signaling efficacy. In the 7-hydroxymitragynine (7OH) series, the high efficacy parent compound was transformed to an equipotent low efficacy agonist by introducing a fluorine substituent in this position (11-F-7OH), as demonstrated in vitro at both mouse and human mu opioid receptors (mMOR/hMOR) and in vivo in mouse analgesia tests after systemic administration. Low efficacy opioid agonists are of high interest as candidates for generating safer opioid medications with mitigated adverse effects.&lt;/p&gt;
Energy Footprint of Advanced Dense Numerical Linear Algebra Using Tile Algorithms on Multicore Architectures (2012)

We propose to study the impact on the energy footprint of two advanced algorithmic strategies in the context of high performance dense linear algebra libraries: (1) mixed precision algorithms with iterative refinement allow to run at the peak performance of single precision floating-point arithmetic while achieving double precision accuracy and (2) tree reduction technique exposes more parallelism when factorizing tall and skinny matrices for solving over determined systems of linear equations or calculating the singular value decomposition. Integrated within the PLASMA library using tile algorithms, which will eventually supersede the block algorithms from LAPACK, both strategies further excel in performance in the presence of a dynamic task scheduler while targeting multicore architecture. Energy consumption measurements are reported along with parallel performance numbers on a dual-socket quad-core Intel Xeon as well as a quad-socket quad-core Intel Sandy Bridge chip, both providing component-based energy monitoring at all levels of the system, through the Power Pack framework and the Running Average Power Limit model, respectively.
A Tandem Heck‐Carbocyclization/Suzuki‐Coupling Approach to the Stereoselective Syntheses of Asymmetric 3,3‐(Diarylmethylene)indolinones. (2005)

An efficient and versatile method for stereoselective synthesis of (&lt;i&gt;E&lt;/i&gt;)-3,3-(diarylmethylene)indolinones by a palladium-catalyzed tandem Heck-carbocyclization/Suzuki-coupling sequence is presented. Factors influencing yield and\nselectivity, namely catalyst, coordinating ligand, and solvent,\nare detailed.