gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Near-infrared diffuse tomography combined with a priori MRI structural information: testing a hybrid image reconstruction methodology with functional imaging of the rat cranium</title> (1999)

The ability to combine MRI and NIR information into a single imaging modality can potentially provide high-resolution images of absolute hemoglobin concentration and oxygen saturation from non-invasive simultaneous measurement. In order to take advantage of the MRI information, a finite element based imaging algorithm has been used to include both a priori structural information and spatial constraints during NIR image reconstruction. A case study of the optical changes in a rat cranium in response to variations in the inhaled oxygen supply has been used to test this imaging algorithm. The ability to introduce structure from MRI into NW image reconstruction resulted in significant improvements in the discrimination of hemoglobin concentration changes from oxygen saturation changes in the brain and muscle tissues.
Supplementary Table 4 from Outlier Kinase Expression by RNA Sequencing as Targets for Precision Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLSX file - 613K, RNA-Seq data for matched primary pancreatic adenocarcinoma xenograft tissue, DS-08-947, and derived xenograft cell line.&lt;/p&gt;
Abstract 12443: In-Beam PET Verification of Catheter-free Arrhythmia Ablation by Scanned Carbon-12 Ion Beam Irradiation (2015)

Introduction: Highly precise irradiation using carbon-12 (12C) ions is a new means for catheter-free ablation. Besides energy deposition leading to the dose distribution, nuclear interactions lead to by-product β+-activity that can be measured using positron-emission-tomography (PET). Hypothesis: In-beam PET scanning during focused myocardial irradiation using 12C can adequately depict 12C dose deposition. Methods: Pigs were irradiated with 25, 40, and 55 Gy for AV node (AVN), LA-PV junction, and local LV freewall ablations. PET measurement was performed by means of a double head camera system installed at irradiation site. Coincidences were captured in end-expiration during beam extraction pauses of the accelerator. Results: Evaluation of PET images was qualitatively performed using the coronal plane of the activity distribution superimposed on the contrast-CT in the center of the target contour. Strong β+-activities were measured in AVN and LV ablations. In AVN ablations, activity was localized to the target location, without target activity spreading to the level of the aortic root or coronary sinus (Figure A). Local LV irradiations revealed strong activity in the target location, slightly extending into left lung and chest wall (Figure B). In 55 Gy animals, the cardiac entry channel showed increased activity, decreasing in 40 Gy and more so in 25 Gy animals. Conclusion: This is the first study applying in-beam PET to track 12C dose-deposition into the target location for catheter-free ablation in intact animals. Correlation of β+-activity to electrophysiological outcome, lesion induction, and potential side-effects may be critically important in dosing therapy and predicting outcomes.
Altered lipid composition and enhanced lipid production in green microalga by introduction of brassica diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (2014)

Higher lipid biosynthesis and accumulation are important to achieve economic viability of biofuel production via microalgae. To enhance lipid content, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii was genetically engineered with a key enzyme diacylglycerol acyltransferase (BnDGAT2) from Brassica napus, responsible for neutral lipid biosynthesis. The transformed colonies harbouring aph7 gene, screened on hygromycin-supplemented medium, achieved transformation frequency of ~120 ± 10 colonies/1 × 10(6) cells. Transgene integration and expression were confirmed by PCR, Southern blots, staining lipid droplets, proteins and spectro-fluorometric analysis of Nile red-stained cells. The neutral lipid is a major class (over 80% of total lipids) and most significant requirement for biodiesel production; this was remarkably higher in the transformed alga than the untransformed control. The levels of saturated fatty acids in the transformed alga decreased to about 7% while unsaturated fatty acids increased proportionately when compared to wild type cells. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially α-linolenic acid, an essential omega-3 fatty acid, were enhanced up to 12% in the transformed line. Nile red staining confirmed formation of a large number of lipid globules in the transformed alga. Evaluation of long-term stability and vitality of the transgenic alga revealed that cryopreservation produced significantly higher quantity of lipid than those maintained continuously over 128 generations on solid medium. The overexpression of BnDGAT2 significantly altered the fatty acids profile in the transformed alga. Results of this study offer a valuable strategy of genetic manipulation for enhancing polyunsaturated fatty acids and neutral lipids for biofuel production in algae.
Direct and indirect electrocaloric measurements on 〈001〉-PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-30PbTiO3 single crystals (2012)

A direct electrocaloric effect (ECE) measurement system, based on a modified-differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), allowing the acquisition of both thermal (ECE, heat capacity) and electrical (P-E loops, leakage current) information simultaneously, was used to analyze 〈001〉-oriented PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3-30PbTiO3 single crystals. Different electric-field-induced phase transitions were identified on direct ECE measurements and confirmed by dielectric measurements. The strongest ECE (ΔTEC = 0.65 K) was measured for an applied electric field E = 10 kV/cm just above the temperature of depolarization. The direct ECE measurements were compared with indirect measurements obtained from dielectric polarization measurements versus electric field and temperature and a very good agreement was found. A region with negative ΔTEC was identified by both direct and indirect measurements. This phenomenon was attributed to the formation of a reversible field-induced phase transition towards a state with a different polar direction.
A detailed delay path model for FPGAs (2009)

A complete circuit-level description of a representative FPGA is presented in this paper, from which a simple RC delay model as a function of architectural and technology parameters is derived. Using this model, the expression for the optimal delay of any path through the FPGA can be formulated. We distill our model into being purely architecture dependent, and use it to capture new insight into how FPGA parameters can directly affect its delay. Several applications of this model are: (1) to gain better intuition of how architecture and process parameters affect the delay path in an FPGA, (2) for initial studies into new circuit designs and integrated circuit technologies, (3) in CAD tools for optimisation and sensitivity analysis. The technique described can be applied to arbitrary circuits, and simulations show that our closed form equations give delay values that are accurate to approximately 10% when compared to HSPICE simulation.
Perkin 1 Abstracts: Natural Product Syntheses (2000)

R. Narquizian and J. Kaufmann, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2000, 2-vii DOI: 10.1039/A909283H
Effects of common anesthetic agents on [18F]flumazenil binding to the GABAA receptor (2016)

Anesthesia has pronounced effects on the binding and blood-brain distribution of [<sup>18</sup>F]flumazenil. Consequently, considerable caution must be exercised in the interpretation of preclinical and clinical PET studies of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors involving the use of anesthesia.
HEPATOLENTICULAR DEGENERATION (WILSONʼS DISEASE) (1999)

BACKGROUND-Wilson's disease is a recessively inherited disorder in which homozygous mutation in the copper ATPase ATP7B gene (on chromosome 13) reduces the liver's ability to secrete ceruloplasmin into the plasma and to excrete it into the bile. REVIEW SUMMARY-Systemic copper accumulation leads to progressive hepatic dysfunction, neurologic impairment, psychiatric disturbance, or combinations of these symptoms. Wilson's disease is diagnosed by measuring 24-hour urine copper excretion, followed by measuring copper in a liver biopsy sample. Wilson's disease is treated by copper removal therapy (penicillamine or trientine), followed by maintenance therapy with zinc. Frequent exacerbation of neurologic impairment with penicillamine has prompted the use of tetrathiolmolybdate as an alternative decoppering agent. CONCLUSION-Wilson's disease should be considered in all patients with unexplained hepatic disturbance and those with unexplained, progressive movement disorders or psychiatric disturbance. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential. Tetrathiolmolybdate seems to be as effective as penicillamine and is associated with less freqeunt neurologic worsening compared with penicillamine.
Retinal Progenitor Cell Xenografts to the Pig Retina (2005)

Retinal progenitor cell xenografts survive for a sufficiently long period to integrate into areas of injury and exhibit morphologic differentiation. By 5 weeks, survival diminishes. Biodegradable polymers may be useful for transplanting retinal progenitor cells in a structurally organized manner. Clinical Relevance Central nervous system (CNS) diseases may cause long-term disabilities. Substantial tissue destruction can be sustained by the complex structures of the brain, spinal cord, or retina without loss of life, yet the lack of effective CNS regeneration frequently results in disruption of activities of daily living and marked degradation in quality of life. It has become clear that an enormous potential for repair is present within the mammalian CNS. The challenge is to harness this potential to treat disease. Transplantation of neuronal tissue to the CNS represents a promising, albeit challenging, approach to the replacement of neurons lost owing to injury or disease.
Looking for Young-onset Colorectal Cancer – It is Coming to Asia (2020)

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide. In Asia, its incidence is rapidly increasing and has soared to become the top cancer in some countries. It is currently the top killer in Singapore, affecting more than 1,200 patients each year. While the majority of the cancers are diagnosed in the elderly, recent studies have shown its increasing incidence among young adults aged 50 or below. The recent death of Chadwick Boseman has epitomised this disturbing trend with young-onset CRC, as the disease took the actor's life at the pinnacle of his career. These young-onset CRC patients have implicated a significant health burden to the population due to the cancer mortality, long-term disease morbidity, loss in quality of life, treatment cost and reduced work capability.
Effect of Syringe-assisted Liposuction on Activation of Cascade Systems and Circulating Cells When Using the Superwet or Tumescent Technique (1995)

Although liposuction is considered to be a relatively safe procedure, several deaths and nonfatal serious complications such as sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, thromboembolic disease, fat emboli, and adult respiratory distress syndrome have been reported. In the present study, we have investigated a wide variety of components belonging to the coagulation, fibrinolytic, plasma kallikrein-kinin, and complement systems in 22 patients undergoing syringe-assisted liposuction using the superwet or tumescent technique. In spite of a relatively high mean aspirate volume (2,648 ml), only small changes over time well within the normal range were found for the different parameters. In nine randomly selected patients, we also measured interleukin 6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. The size of the interleukin-6 peaks was found to be of the same order of magnitude as those measured in patients undergoing hernia repair or percutaneous cholecystectomy but lower than those in patients undergoing open cholecystectomy, breast reduction, or breast reconstruction. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was not detected in any sample in any of the patients. We conclude that syringe-assisted liposuction with the present aspirate volumes using the superwet or tumescent technique represents a small to moderate surgical trauma without clinical significant activation of the cascade systems.
Multiple step algorithm for fluorescence-enhanced diffuse optical tomography (2005)

A discussion on recent works on diffusive inverse problems is presented with a special focus on three-dimensional imaging methods and their application to small animal imaging by fluorescence-enhanced Diffuse Optical Tomography. A numerical approach using the Finite Element Method for handling problems modelled by elliptic coupled partial differential equations is justified by the complexity of the geometry of the system but is known to be time- and memory-consuming. The resolution of the adjoint problem considerably speeds up the treatment and allows a full 3D resolution. Nevertheless, because of the ill-posedness of the problem, the reconstruction scheme is sensitive to <i>a priori</i> knowledge on the parameters to be reconstructed. In this study, a multiple step, self-regularized, reconstruction algorithm for the spatial distribution of the fluorescent regions is presented. We introduce the prior knowledge of the regions of interest <i> via</i> a segmentation of the results performed with a first rough reconstruction of the fluorescent regions. The results are then refined along iterations of the segmentation/reconstruction scheme.
Submicron Tungsten Gate MOSFET with 10 nm Gate Oxide (1987)

Tungsten is an attractive alternative to n+ poly for submicron CMOS gate due to its near midgap work function (⋍4.8 eV) and low resistivity (⋍ 10 μΩ-cm), The midgap work function results in desired threshold voltages (± 0.6V) without the need for channel implant into n or p-channel devices. This avoids the inferior buried-channel operation of PMOS and, at the same time yields a higher mobility and transconductance for NMOS. Tungsten gate FET's with 20 nm gate oxide have been reported previously1. This paper reports, for the first time, process and characteristics of submicron MOSFET's fabricated with tungsten gate on 10 nm gate oxide and self-aligned TiSi; on source-drain regions. It is demonstrated that tungsten gate is stable on such a thin oxide and 35% higher inversion layer electron mobility (compared with n+ poly gate) is obtained due to a factor of three reduction in the transverse field at the interface. Key technology issues have been investigated.
Academic-humanitarian technology partnerships: an unhappy marriage? (2021)

Respiratory virus infections in humans are a significant global health concern, causing a wide range of diseases with substantial morbidity and mortality worldwide. This underscores the urgent need for effective interventions to reduce the ...Respiratory virus infections in humans cause a broad-spectrum of diseases that result in substantial morbidity and mortality annually worldwide. To reduce the global burden of respiratory viral diseases, preventative and therapeutic interventions that are ...
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Structure‐Activity Relationships of Retinoid X Receptor Selective Diaryl Sulfide Analogues of Retinoic Acid. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Brassinolide analogues without side chain (1989)

New brassinolide analogues, characterized by a modified androstane structure without substituent in position 17, were prepared. In the second internode assay, 2α,3α-dihydroxy-B-homo-6-oxa-5α-androstan-7-one ( XVII ) had the highest brassinoid activity.
Attenuated CSF‐1R signalling drives cerebrovascular pathology (2020)

Cerebrovascular pathologies occur in up to 80% of cases of Alzheimer's disease; however, the underlying mechanisms that lead to perivascular pathology and accompanying blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption are still not fully understood. We have identified previously unreported mutations in colony stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) in an ultra-rare autosomal dominant condition termed adult-onset leucoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia (ALSP). Cerebrovascular pathologies such as cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and perivascular p-Tau were some of the primary neuropathological features of this condition. We have identified two families with different dominant acting alleles with variants located in the kinase region of the CSF-1R gene, which confer a lack of kinase activity and signalling. The protein product of this gene acts as the receptor for 2 cognate ligands, namely colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1) and interleukin-34 (IL-34). Here, we show that depletion in CSF-1R signalling induces BBB disruption and decreases the phagocytic capacity of peripheral macrophages but not microglia. CSF-1R signalling appears to be critical for macrophage and microglial activation, and macrophage localisation to amyloid appears reduced following the induction of Csf-1r heterozygosity in macrophages. Finally, we show that endothelial/microglial crosstalk and concomitant attenuation of CSF-1R signalling causes re-modelling of BBB-associated tight junctions and suggest that regulating BBB integrity and systemic macrophage recruitment to the brain may be therapeutically relevant in ALSP and other Alzheimer's-like dementias.
Specimen Size Effects on Modulus of GMT and Other Inhomogeneous Composites (1992)

Mean values and standard deviations are often used to characterize certain mechanical properties. It is widely known that some properties, e.g., tensile strength of brittle solids and their standard deviations, are affected by the volume studied. In the pres ent study, the mean value and the standard deviation for the longitudinal elastic modulus of a cuboid specimen are treated. A model to predict the mean values and standard devia tions for varying lengths and widths is presented. Experimental data from the literature for glass mat reinforced polypropylene is used to show that the model shows excellent ac curacy with experimental data.
Thermal and acid labile polyurethanes as a new class of responsive materials in polymeric nanoparticles and nanocapsules (2011)

Abstract A new class of polyurethanes has been designed, containing tertiary carbamate groups in the main chain of the polymer, which enable the resulting polymer to degrade completely under acid and thermal treatment. The decomposition temperatures of the polymers were determined by measuring the evolution of carbon dioxide and other decomposition products using TGA‐MS. Until decomposition of the polymer, no glass transition was found. The polymers exhibit excellent solubility in common organic solvents like chloroform and tetrahydrofuran, making them to suitable materials for film formation. From the obtained polymers, nanoparticles were synthesized by the solvent evaporation method combined with the miniemulsion technique. The resulting nanoparticles can be used as intelligent fillers in films and sensors, since they degrade at temperatures of above 180 °C, which can be detected by a color change reaction with ninhydrin. Polymeric nanocapsules were prepared by an interfacial polyaddition reaction from 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate and tertiary diols performed at the droplet's interface in inverse (water‐in‐oil) miniemulsions. These nanocapsules with an encapsulated photoacid generator can act as a release system, whereby an acidic release through irradiation with ultraviolet light can be triggered. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Interleukin 1 suppresses inflammation in rabbit colitis. Mediation by endogenous prostaglandins. (1990)

Pretreatment with low-dose IL-1 has protective effects in animal models of inflammation or tissue injury, but the mechanisms of these protective effects are not established. To determine if prostaglandins are involved, we administered human recombinant IL-1 beta and measured rectal PGE2 production in rabbits with formalin-immune complex colitis. IL-1 beta (0.3 micrograms/kg) administered 24 h before induction of colitis increased PGE2 (231 +/- 36 to 1,299 +/- 572 pg/ml, P less than 0.01) and reduced subsequent inflammatory cell infiltration index (from 2.8 +/- 0.3 to 1.4 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.02) and edema (from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 1.3 +/- 0.3, P less than 0.01) compared with vehicle-matched animals. Administration of ibuprofen (10 mg/kg i.v.) together with IL-1 beta prevented the stimulation of PGE2 and the reduction in inflammation. Colonic PGE2 production correlated inversely with subsequent severity of inflammation (P less than 0.02, r = -0.39) and edema (P less than 0.04, r = -0.35). IL-1-administration 30 min before induction of colitis did not affect the severity of inflammation. Similarly, pretreatment with a noninflammatory synthetic peptide (fragment 163-171) of human IL-1 beta, either 30 min or 24 h before colitis induction, did not reduce inflammation or increase prostaglandin synthesis. These data demonstrate that pretreatment with IL-1 beta 24 h before the induction of colitis reduces inflammation by a mechanism that requires prostaglandin synthesis.
The shape of musical sound: Real-time visualizations of expressiveness in music performance. (2010)

Despite the complex multi-dimensional nature of musical expression in the final analysis, musical expression is conveyed by sound. Therefore the expressiveness of music must be present in the sound and therefore should be observable as fundamental and emergent features of the sonic signal. To gain insight into this feature space, a real-time visualization tool has been developed. The fundamental physical features—pitch, dynamic level, and timbre (as represented by spectral energy distribution)—are extracted from the audio signal and displayed versus time in a real-time animation. Emergent properties of the sound, such as musical attacks and releases, the dynamic shaping of musical lines, timing of note placements, and the subtle modulation of the tone, loudness, and timbre can be inferred from the fundamental feature set and presented to the user visually. This visualization tool provides a stimulating music performance-learning environment to help musicians achieve their artistic goals more effectively. Such visualizations and interactions with musical sound also will promote the semantic understanding of an expressive musical language.
Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 4: Management (2013)

Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) type 4, or chronic renocardiac syndrome, has been defined as 'chronic abnormalities in renal function leading to cardiac disease' and recognizes the extreme burden of cardiovascular (CV) disease (CVD) risk in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). CKD is common and increasingly recognized as a risk factor for CVD. Although during the past 10 years CV morbidity and mortality have decreased markedly in the general population, their rates still remain high among CKD patients. For this reason, CKD patients should be evaluated thoroughly for CV risk factors which require an aggressive management, given the significant implications of CRS type 4 at both individual and societal level. We will review the management of the most important conventional and nonconventional CVD risk factors related to CKD.
Low temperature heat capacities of Ti3Al1.1C1.8, Ti4AlN3, and Ti3SiC2 (1999)

For the binary Ti–Al system, an ordering transformation in Ti3Al has been shown to result in a significant lowering of the electronic heat-capacity coefficient, γ, by removing electrons from conducting states. When γ is normalized to a per Ti atom basis, the same tendency is found in low temperature calorimetric studies of the conducting ternary carbides Ti3Al1.1C1.8, Ti4AlN3, and Ti3SiC2 reported herein. As a consequence of C- or N-induced covalent-like bond formation, the Debye temperatures in these ternaries are in excess of 700 K.