gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance analysis of random beamforming with heterogeneous users (2012)

Random beamforming with greedy scheduling policy in a heterogeneous setting is only fair as the number of transmit antennas M grows asymptotically. In practical systems with finite M and heterogeneous users having diverse large scale channel effects, in order to guarantee fairness among users and exploit multiuser diversity as well, an alternate scheduling policy is needed. In this paper, we leverage the cumulative distribution function based scheduling policy to achieve the two desired requirements and carry out both exact analysis and asymptotic analysis for systems employing random beamforming. The closed form sum rate with heterogeneous users is first derived by a recently proposed probability density function decomposition. We study individual scaling laws to examine the rate scaling for each individual user. Furthermore, asymptotic (in users) rate approximation is derived which tracks the exact performance well for small number of users.
Latency-Aware Joint Transmit Beamforming and Receive Power Splitting for SWIPT Systems (2021)

This paper considers a multi-user multiple-input-single-output (MU-MISO) broadcast scenario with power splitting (PS) based simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). Specifically, we propose a novel joint transmit beamforming and receive PS strategy aiming to minimize the total transmit power of the base station (BS) under user-specific latency constraints. We use the Lyapunov optimization framework and derive a dynamic control algorithm to transform the long-term time-average sum-power minimization problem into a sequence of deterministic and independent subproblems. Furthermore, the combinations of coupled and non-convex constraints are handled using semidefinite relaxation (SDR) and fractional programming (FP) techniques. The numerical examples illustrate the trade-offs between average transmit power and harvested power while ensuring the user-specific latency requirements.
\nMaintenance of genetic variation in human personality: Testing evolutionary models by estimating heritability due to common causal variants and investigating the effect of distant inbreeding (2012)

Personality traits are basic dimensions of behavioral variation, and twin, family, and adoption studies show that around 30% of the between-individual variation is due to genetic variation. There is rapidly growing interest in understanding the evolutionary basis of this genetic variation. Several evolutionary mechanisms could explain how genetic variation is maintained in traits, and each of these makes predictions in terms of the relative contribution of rare and common genetic variants to personality variation, the magnitude of nonadditive genetic influences, and whether personality is affected by inbreeding. Using genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from > 8000 individuals, we estimated that little variation in the Cloninger personality dimensions (7.2% on average) is due to the combined effect of common, additive genetic variants across the genome, suggesting that most heritable variation in personality is due to rare variant effects and/or a combination of dominance and epistasis. Furthermore, higher levels of inbreeding were associated with less socially desirable personality trait levels in three of the four personality dimensions. These findings are consistent with genetic variation in personality traits having been maintained by mutation-selection balance.
Dynamics of Glucose-induced Insulin Release During the Spontaneous Remission of Streptozocin Diabetes Induced in the Newborn Rat (1985)

Neonatal rats injected with streptozocin (STZ, 100 mg/kg) at birth exhibited an acute diabetes followed by a spontaneous remission. We have previously shown that this recovery from neonatal diabetes is due to B-cell regeneration and reaccumulation of pancreatic insulin stores starting from 3 to 5 days after birth. The B-cell population during this period is heterogeneous with both surviving B-cells that have escaped the toxic effect of STZ and newly formed B-cells. To evaluate to what extent this B-cell population is functionally normal, we have measured in vitro the dynamics of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic fragments of rats treated with STZ at birth. The insulin responses were tested at intervals after STZ treatment, from day 1 to day 21 using perifusion of pancreatic fragments, and on day 21 and at 5 mo using perfusion of isolated pancreas. While the glucose-induced insulin release was completely obtunded (2% of the normal response) on day 1 after STZ, it could be demonstrated after day 3. Moreover, it increased as a function of age (6% and 36% of the normal responses on day 5 and day 14, respectively). This restoration of the insulin response to glucose closely paralleled the recovery of pancreatic insulin stores (6% and 51% of normal values, respectively, on day 5 and day 14). In sharp contrast with the lack of glucose response in vitro in the adult, glucose-induced insulin release was still detected on day 21 regardless of the in vitro system used (perifusion or perfusion). Furthermore, on day 21 the B-cells of the STZ rats exhibited a tendency toward enhanced insulin response to arginine, which is a prominent feature in adult rats previously treated with STZ at birth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Protein Induced by Vitamin K Absence II (PIVKA-II) as a potential serological biomarker in pancreatic cancer: a pilot study (2019)

PIVKA-II is significantly higher in PC than in benign pancreatic diseases. PIVKA-II shows a rather good diagnostic performance compared to CA 19-9, CEA and CA242, thus its determination could help PC management.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and osteoarthritis (2019)

Future research is needed to better understand whether diabetes control and prevention can modulate OA occurrence and progression. The selection of therapy to treat OA symptoms in patients with T2DM may require careful consideration of the evidence based to avoid untoward safety issues.
Group III nitride core–shell nano‐ and microrods for optoelectronic applications (2013)

Abstract magnified image In the past few years, tremendous progress has been demonstrated on epitaxial growth and processing of group III nitride nano‐ and microrods (NAMs). This has also enabled the fabrication of optoelectronic devices based on NAMs as active elements. However, their efficiency is still far behind the performance of conventional GaN‐based light emitting diodes (LEDs). This Review presents the most recent activities on the growth and processing of NAMs exhibiting a core–shell geometry, i.e. structures which consist of an active region shell layer wrapped around a three‐dimensional (3D) core, which allow for an enormous increase in active area compared to planar technology. The most common growth approaches using metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy are described and evaluated with particular regard to their potential for solid state lighting applications. Examples for the unique properties of 3D NAMs are presented including their excellent crystalline quality. Furthermore, factors limiting the overall performance of 3D core–shell LEDs are revealed and the potential of overcoming these limitations are discussed. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Boosting Natural Language Generation from Instructions with Meta-Learning (2022)

Recent work has shown that language models (LMs) trained with multi-task instructional learning (MTIL) can solve diverse NLP tasks in zero- and few-shot settings with improved performance compared to prompt tuning. MTIL illustrates that LMs can extract and use information about the task from instructions beyond the surface patterns of the inputs and outputs. This suggests that meta-learning may further enhance the utilization of instructions for effective task transfer. In this paper we investigate whether meta-learning applied to MTIL can further improve generalization to unseen tasks in a zero-shot setting. Specifically, we propose to adapt meta-learning to MTIL in three directions: 1) Model Agnostic Meta Learning (MAML), 2) Hyper-Network (HNet) based adaptation to generate task specific parameters conditioned on instructions, and 3) an approach combining HNet and MAML. Through extensive experiments on the large scale Natural Instructions V2 dataset, we show that our proposed approaches significantly improve over strong baselines in zero-shot settings. In particular, meta-learning improves the effectiveness of instructions and is most impactful when the test tasks are strictly zero-shot (i.e. no similar tasks in the training set) and are “hard” for LMs, illustrating the potential of meta-learning for MTIL for out-of-distribution tasks.
Enhancing and Extinguishing the Different Emission Features of 2D (EA1−xFAx)4Pb3Br10 Perovskite Films (2022)

Abstract 2D hybrid perovskites are attractive for optoelectronic devices. In thin films, the color of optical emission and the texture of crystalline domains are often difficult to control. Here, a method for extinguishing or enhancing different emission features is demonstrated for the family of 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskites (EA 1− x FA x ) 4 Pb 3 Br 10 (EA = ethylammonium, FA = formamidinium). When grown from aqueous hydrobromic acid, crystals of (EA 1− x FA x ) 4 Pb 3 Br 10 retain all the emission features of their parent compound, (EA) 4 Pb 3 Br 10 . Surprisingly, when grown from dimethylformamide (DMF), an emission feature, likely self‐trapped exciton (STE), near 2.7 eV is missing. Extinction of this feature is correlated with DMF being incorporated between the 2D Pb‐Br sheets, forming (EA 1− x FA x ) 4 Pb 3 Br 10 ∙(DMF) y . Without FA, films grown from DMF form (EA) 4 Pb 3 Br 10 , retain little solvent, and have strong emission near 2.7 eV. Slowing the kinetics of film growth strengthens a different emission feature, likely a different type of STE, which is much broader and present in all compositions. Films of (EA 1− x FA x ) 4 Pb 3 Br 10 ∙(DMF) y have large, micron‐sized domains and homogeneous orientation of the semiconducting sheets, resulting in low electronic disorder near the absorption edge. The ability to selectively strengthen or extinguish different emission features in films of (EA 1− x FA x ) 4 Pb 3 Br 10 ∙(DMF) y reveals a pathway to tune the emission color in these compounds.
Use of homeobox gene expression patterns to determine anatomical regions of origin for body surface tissues derived from adult mice (2018)

Anatomical regions of the skin have distinct functions and anatomical characteristics, including thicker or thinner epidermis, more or fewer hair follicles, and lighter or darker skin. For a better therapeutic outcome of skin transplantation, site-specific characteristics of grafted tissues need to be taken into account in terms of their functionality and beauty. However, there is no method for evaluating positional information of epidermal cells. Homeobox genes are expressed along the anterior-posterior axis and direct the body plan in the animal development process. Although the expression of several HOX genes is known to be retained as the positional information in adult tissue, their expression patterns in the body surface tissues in adult mammals are still incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the expression patterns of 40 homeobox genes, including 39 Hox genes and the paired box 6 (Pax6) gene, in body surface tissues of adult mice. On the basis of the results obtained, we proposed, for the first time, a method for determining anatomical regions of origin for body surface tissues derived from adult mice using Hox genes and Pax6. Evaluation of expression levels of at least 7 Hox genes and Pax6 should be sufficient to distinguish 11 anatomical body surface tissues derived from the adult mouse body. The proposed method may be useful not only for determining the origin of surface tissues from specific anatomical regions of the mammalian body but also for predicting positional information of epithelial cells generated from pluripotent stem cells.
The Application of MEMS Technology for Adaptive Optics in Vision Science (2004)

Recent years have seen remarkable results in high-resolution imaging and testing of the human visual system. The ability to obtain in vivo images of the human fundus on the micrometer scale will allow for much earlier diagnosis and treatment of a range of retina diseases. These advances have been made possible in part through the use of adaptive optics (AO). In order to utilize the full numerical aperture and, hence, maximize the resolution of the eye, it is necessary to provide a means of correcting all of the ocular aberrations. The concept of AO has been used successfully to overcome this difficulty. A key component of such a system is an optical element that can be deformed to provide high-order correction of these aberrations. Existing AO systems make use of deformable mirrors that were developed for large ground-based telescopes. In a drive to reduce their size and cost, fabrication of this element using microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) has been actively pursued. This paper explains the challenges in high-resolution imaging of the human eye and details how MEMS technology has been used to further research in this area.
Field-flattened high-order modes (2012)

We present a method for designing circularly-symmetric waveguides that support a field-flattened higher order mode and show that adding these flattened, concentric rings does not alter the effective index or flattened nature of the mode.
Chimie des processus biologiques (2020)

de petites molCules (i)
Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Systems (1978)

Two recently studied experimental systems are shown to constitute realizations of two-dimensional anisotropic $N$-vector models. Along with a renormalization-group treatment of a general Hamiltonian encompassing these models, we discuss new kinds of multicritical points, nonuniversal critical behavior, and experiments for further study of these systems.
Migration to Apoptotic “Find-me” Signals Is Mediated via the Phagocyte Receptor G2A (2007)

Phagocytosis of apoptotic cells is fundamentally important throughout life, because non-cleared cells become secondarily necrotic and release intracellular contents, thus instigating inflammatory and autoimmune responses. Secreted "find-me" and exposed "eat-me" signals displayed by the dying cell in concert with the phagocyte receptors comprise the phagocytic synapse of apoptotic cell clearance. In this scenario, lysophospholipids (lysoPLs) are assumed to act as find-me signals for the attraction of phagocytes. However, both the identity of the lyso-PLs released from apoptotic cells and the nature of the phagocyte receptor are largely unknown. By a detailed analysis of the structural requirements we show here that lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), but none of the lysoPC metabolites or other lysoPLs, represents the essential apoptotic attraction signal able to trigger a phagocyte chemotactic response. Furthermore, using RNA interference and expression studies, we demonstrate that the G-protein-coupled receptor G2A, unlike its relative GPR4, is involved in the chemotaxis of monocytic cells. Thus, our study identifies lysoPC and G2A as the crucial receptor/ligand system for the attraction of phagocytes to apoptotic cells and the prevention of autoimmunity.
Limitation on effective area of large-mode-area leakage channel fibers under bent condition (2010)

The bending characteristics of two-ring leakage-channel-fibers are investigated to achieve large-mode-area and effectively single-mode operation with a practically allowable bending radius for Yb-doped fiber applications, enhancing differential bending loss >; 10-dB/m between the fundamental and higher-order modes.
Microfluidic electrochemistry for single-electron transfer redox-neutral reactions (2020)

Electrochemistry offers opportunities to promote single-electron transfer (SET) redox-neutral chemistries similar to those recently discovered using visible-light photocatalysis but without the use of an expensive photocatalyst. Herein, we introduce a microfluidic redox-neutral electrochemistry (μRN-eChem) platform that has broad applicability to SET chemistry, including radical-radical cross-coupling, Minisci-type reactions, and nickel-catalyzed C(sp<sup>2</sup>)-O cross-coupling. The cathode and anode simultaneously generate the corresponding reactive intermediates, and selective transformation is facilitated by the rapid molecular diffusion across a microfluidic channel that outpaces the decomposition of the intermediates. μRN-eChem was shown to enable a two-step gram-scale electrosynthesis of a nematic liquid crystal compound, demonstrating its practicality.
Radiation Protection by MnSOD-Plasmid Liposome Gene Therapy (2011)

Understanding the molecular mechanism of ionizing irradiation killing of normal tissues compared to tumor cells has uncovered potential therapeutic strategies for radiotherapeutic dose escalation in the treatment of solid tumors. One strategy exploits the difference in redox balance between normal tissues and solid tumors with organ-specific and systemic (intravenous) administration of plasmid liposomes containing the human manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) transgene. When delivered, this transgene product produced significant protection against single fraction and fractionated radiation in organ-specific radioprotective gene therapy by each of several routes of administration (inhalation, swallowed, intravesicle, intra-intestinal), and this strategy was shown to avoid tumor tissue. Furthermore, systemic administration of MnSOD-PL also provides radioprotection with selective normal tissue reduction of apoptosis compared to tumor. The complex mechanism of selective normal tissue protection involves specific differences in redox balance, constitutive MnSOD expression, and compensatory metabolic changes, many of which can enhance the therapeutic effect.
Stereoselective Alkylations of Chiral Nitro Imine and Nitro Hydrazone Dianions. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Enriched 3-Substituted 1-Nitrocyclohexenes (2008)

Dianions of chiral nitro imines (generated by a combination of LDA and s-BuLi) underwent diastereoselective alkylation with methyl, butyl, isopropyl, allyl, and methallyl iodides. In contrast to the behavior of simple metalloenamines, the most selective auxiliary contained no coordinating groups but did possess a large steric difference between the two substituents. The yield and selectivity of the alkylations were improved by the addition of HMPA or DMPU. The use of (S)-1-naphthylethylamine as the auxiliary afforded the R absolute configuration of the alkylation products. This stereochemical outcome could be rationalized by simple steric approach controlled alkylation in a conformationally fixed, internally coordinated dianion. A SAMP nitro hydrazone gave poorer yields and selectivities.
Optical Detection in Microscopic Domains. 2. Inner Filter Effects for Monitoring Nonfluorescent Molecules with Fluorescence (2001)

In this research, we test whether optical detection techniques show different characteristics in microscopic solution volumes (nano-, pico-, and femtoliter range) compared to the usual macroscopic samples. In part 1 (Lu, H.; et al. Anal Chem. 2000, 72, 1569-1576.) absorption spectra of high quality were obtained, quantitatively obeying both Beer-Lambert's law and the law of superposition, despite the micrometer optical path lengths and the curvatures of the droplets studied. Addition and subtraction of absorbing molecules with diffusional microburets (DMBs), as well as more complex operations (simultaneous addition of one and subtraction of another molecule, and a consuming scheme), have been monitored with good spectral and temporal resolution. Despite the unexpectedly good performance of absorption microspectrometry, fluorescence-based detection schemes are considered more sensitive for microscopic studies (e.g., cell physiology). In this paper, we test whether fluorescence-based schemes can be used to indirectly measure nonfluorescent chemicals in microscopic domains. Absorption by such molecules will cause a corresponding decrease in overall fluorescence intensity of the added standard fluorescent dye. This phenomenon, the inner filter effect (IFE), was tested using Lucifer Yellow CH (LY) as the fluorescent standard dye. Its effective irradiation was absorbed by Orange G (primary IFE) or its emission by Bromophenol Blue (secondary IFE). By utilizing these phenomena, (1) we measured the concentration of absorbing molecules in microscopic samples by adding a standard amount of LY by a DMB, and (2) we monitored DMB delivery of nonfluorescent reagents into droplets preloaded with LY. The results prove that IFEs are sensitive indirect means of detection of absorbing molecules in microscopic domains. The techniques presented are expected to find applications in cellular studies where absorption spectrometry is usually not considered.
Modeling and experimental studies of wave evolution on free falling viscous films (2000)

A new simplified model is developed for describing the characteristics of free falling wavy liquid films. The model consists of a set of three partial differential equations (in x and t) for the local film thickness, volumetric flow rate, and wall shear stress. It is shown that the new model is a substantial improvement over all existing simplified models of wavy films such as the long wave equation, the Nakaya model (extended third-order long wave equation), the Shkadov model, and the Kapitza boundary layer model. These prior models predict nonphysical negative wall shear stress when the wave amplitude is large and cannot explain the experimentally observed relationship between the maximum wave amplitude and the Reynolds (Re) and Kapitza (Ka) or Weber (We) numbers. In contrast, the present model yields physically meaningful results and quantitative predictions of large amplitude waves. Local bifurcation analysis of the model for small Re gives the following analytical relations for the velocity (Ce) and maximum amplitude of the solitary waves: hmax−1=0.132 Re5/3 Ka−1=16(3−Ce)=1.925 We−1. Experimental studies of free falling viscous films were conducted using water–glycerin solutions for Reynolds numbers in the range of 2–20 and Kapitza numbers in the range of 6–22. Comparison of the experimental data on wave amplitudes with analytical correlations shows excellent agreement. Numerical simulations of the wave profiles generated from the simplified model also match closely with the experimentally observed wave profiles.
The NICE-GUT trial protocol: a randomised, placebo controlled trial of oral nitazoxanide for the empiric treatment of acute gastroenteritis among Australian Aboriginal children (2018)

ACTRN12614000381684.
Profiles of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase activities measured in single preimplantation human embryos by high-performance liquid chromatography (1991)

The profiles of hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HGPRT) and adenine phosphoribosyl transferase (APRT) activities were examined in normally fertilized human embryos developing at the normal rate in vitro between the 2-4-cell stage on Day 2 and the blastocyst stage on Day 6 after insemination. The activities of both enzymes were assayed simultaneously in extracts of single embryos by measuring the rate of production of the reaction products, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and adenine monophosphate (AMP), separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The activity profiles of the two enzymes over this period showed marked differences. The activity of HGPRT, coded by the X chromosome, increased between Days 2 and 4 (P less than 0.01) but declined sharply by Day 6 (P less than 0.001), whereas autosome-coded APRT activity remained low between Days 2 and 5, but increased on Day 6 (P less than 0.05). The profile of HGPRT activity may reflect a combination of decreasing levels of maternal enzyme inherited from the oocyte and the initiation of embryonic gene expression followed by X inactivation at the blastocyst stage on Day 6.