gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non‐catalyst growth and characterization of a ‐plane AlGaN nanorods (2006)

Abstract We report on growth of Al 0.22 Ga 0.78 N/Al 0.06 Ga 0.94 N nanorods over a ‐plane GaN template using low pressure metal‐organic chemical vapor deposition. Nanorods with average diameter of 100 nm were up to 30 µm long. They grew preferentially along the 〈11 $ \bar 2 $ 0〉 crystal direction and possessed excellent optical and mechanical properties. It was shown using monochromatic cathodoluminescence that nanorods emit light both at 320 nm and 350 nm over entire length proving uniform coating of the Al 0.06 Ga 0.94 N rod core by an Al 0.22 Ga 0.78 N shield. The elastic modulus of nanorod material was found to be 185 GPa. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Host Gene for Intronic U17 Small Nucleolar RNAs in Mammals Has No Protein-Coding Potential and Is a Member of the 5′-Terminal Oligopyrimidine Gene Family (1998)

Intron-encoded U17a and U17b RNAs are members of the H/ACA-box class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) participating in rRNA processing and modification. We have investigated the organization and expression of the U17 locus in human cells and found that intronic U17a and U17b sequences are transcribed as part of the three-exon transcription unit, named U17HG, positioned approximately 9 kb upstream of the RCC1 locus. Comparison of the human and mouse U17HG genes has revealed that snoRNA-encoding intron sequences but not exon sequences are conserved between the two species and that neither human nor mouse spliced U17HG poly(A)+ RNAs have the potential to code for proteins. Analyses of polysome profiles and effects of translation inhibitors on the abundance of U17HG RNA in HeLa cells indicated that despite its cytoplasmic localization, little if any U17HG RNA is associated with polysomes. This distinguishes U17HG RNA from another non-protein-coding snoRNA host gene product, UHG RNA, described previously (K. T. Tycowski, M. D. Shu, and J. A. Steitz, Nature 379:464-466, 1996). Determination of the 5' terminus of the U17HG RNA revealed that transcription of the U17HG gene starts with a C residue followed by a polypyrimidine tract, making this gene a member of the 5'-terminal oligopyrimidine (5'TOP) family, which includes genes encoding ribosomal proteins and some translation factors. Interestingly, other known snoRNA host genes, including the UHG gene (Tycowski et al., op. cit.), have features of the 5'TOP genes. Similar characteristics of the transcription start site regions in snoRNA host and ribosomal protein genes raise the possibility that expression of components of ribosome biogenesis and translational machineries is coregulated.
Pathogenesis of periodontitis: a major arginine-specific cysteine proteinase from Porphyromonas gingivalis induces vascular permeability enhancement through activation of the kallikrein/kinin pathway. (1994)

To elucidate the mechanism of production of an inflammatory exudate, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), from periodontal pockets in periodontitis, we examined the vascular permeability enhancement (VPE) activity induced by an arginine-specific cysteine proteinase, Arg-gingipain-1 (RGP-1), produced by a major periopathogenic bacterium, Porphyromonas gingivalis. Intradermal injections into guinea pigs of RGP-1 (> 10(-8) M), or human plasma incubated with RGP-1 (> 10(-9) M), induced VPE in a dose- and activity-dependent manner but with different time courses for the two routes of production. VPE activity induced by RGP-1 was augmented by kininase inhibitors, inhibited by a kallikrein inhibitor and unaffected by an antihistamine drug. The VPE activity in human plasma incubated with RGP-1 also correlated closely with generation of bradykinin (BK). RGP-1 induced 30-40% less VPE activity in Hageman factor-deficient plasma and no VPE in plasma deficient in either prekallikrein (PK) or high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK). After incubation with RGP-1, plasma deficient in PK or HMWK, reconstituted with each missing protein, caused VPE, as did a mixture of purified PK and HMWK, but RGP-1 induced no VPE from HMWK. The VPE of extracts of clinically isolated P. gingivalis were reduced to about 10% by anti-RGP-1-IgG, leupeptin, or tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone, which paralleled effects observed with RGP-1. These results indicate that RGP-1 is the major VPE factor of P. gingivalis, inducing this activity through PK activation and subsequent BK release, resulting in GCF production at sites of periodontitis caused by infection with this organism.
Omnidirectional light extraction in GaN LEDs using an Archimedean tiling photonic crystal (2006)

We study photonic crystal (PhC)-assisted light extraction from gallium nitride (GaN) light-emitting diodes (LEDs). We focus on the issue of omnidirectional extraction, and we introduce a complex crystal lattice, namely the Archimedean tiling, which enables efficient and omnidirectional light extraction. PhC LEDs with regular triangular lattices and Archimedean lattices are studied experimentally by angle-resolved luminescence, and the theoretical properties of the Archimedean tiling are confirmed experimentally.
Photonic‐Plasmonic Coupling Enhanced Fluorescence Enabling Digital‐Resolution Ultrasensitive Protein Detection (2023)

Assays utilizing fluorophores are common throughout life science research and diagnostics, although detection limits are generally limited by weak emission intensity, thus requiring many labeled target molecules to combine their output to achieve higher signal-to-noise. We describe how the synergistic coupling of plasmonic and photonic modes can significantly boost the emission from fluorophores. By optimally matching the resonant modes of a plasmonic fluor (PF) nanoparticle and a photonic crystal (PC) with the absorption and emission spectrum of the fluorescent dye, a 52-fold improvement in signal intensity is observed, enabling individual PFs to be observed and digitally counted, where one PF tag represents one detected target molecule. The amplification can be attributed to the strong near-field enhancement due to the cavity-induced activation of the PF, PC band structure-mediated improvement in collection efficiency, and increased rate of spontaneous emission. The applicability of the method by dose-response characterization of a sandwich immunoassay for human interleukin-6, a biomarker used to assist diagnosis of cancer, inflammation, sepsis, and autoimmune disease is demonstrated. A limit of detection of 10 fg mL<sup>-1</sup> and 100 fg mL<sup>-1</sup> in buffer and human plasma respectively, is achieved, representing a capability nearly three orders of magnitude lower than standard immunoassays.
Novel Design of Flux-Intensifying Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Suitable for Self-Sensing Control at Very Low Speed and Power Conversion (2011)

This paper proposes a new rotor design for flux-intensifying interior permanent magnet synchronous machine (FI-IPM SM) that is more suitable for self-sensing control at zero/very low speed based on saliency-tracking methods and retains acceptable power conversion capability as compared to a traditional flux-weakening IPM SM (FW-IPM SM). Design steps for the rotor structure of the new machine are laid out and discussed to emphasize key design challenges. The proposed FI-IPM SM and a conventional FW-IPM SM with similar torque-speed capability are made to evaluate performances in power conversion as well as self-sensing capability at very low speed. Finite-element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate each machine's performance. The proposed FI-IPM SM shows less variation in the saliency when the machine is loaded, leading to a possibility of better self-sensing performance at very low speed as compared to the traditional FW-IPM SM. Experimental results on the efficiency and self-sensing performance of these two machines are presented to verify the design methodology.
An Analysis of Transmission and Storage Gains from Sliding Checksum Methods (1998)

Abstract : In a previous report we described, modelled and analyzed a protocol rsync for synchronizing related files at different ends of a communications channel with a minimum of transmitted data. This report identifies the extent of the gains that this method may provide by performing experiments on large repositories of data. The outcome is a new method of compressing large directories of data that together with conventional methods provides major gains in compression factors. As is explained in the report these gains in compression are also indicative of the data transmission gains available when mirroring a collection of files at a remote site using rsync.
Comparative study of non-polar switching behaviors of NiO- and HfO2-based Oxide Resistive-RAMs (2010)

This paper presents a detailed comparative study of the switching characteristics of resistive memory devices, with NiO or HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> active materials and Pt electrodes, based on identical integration schemes. Material screening and qualification are performed using structural and composition analyses. Preliminary electrical investigations outline the non-polar switching behavior of both HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and NiO devices. Then, by using a specific test setup, we present a systematic comparative study of HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and NiO devices, clearly showing the tunability of the electrical characteristics with material type and process. HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> devices lead to largest High Resistance State/Low Resistance State ratios and higher forming voltages compared to NiO cells, while reset voltages are similar. Data retention of both materials show highly stable Low Resistance State state, while High Resistance State increases over time under 85°C baking.
Water uptake behavior of tyrosine-derived carbonates and copolymers (2005)

We measure the total water uptake and water flux in homopolymer tyrosine-derived carbonates (DTE) as well as in copolymers of DTE-PEG. We study total water uptake by /sup 3/H-labeled radioactive water, and we observe that PEG substantially increases the absorbed amount compared with the homopolymers. Likewise, flux studies reveal that flux is higher in the PEG-containing carbonates. To assess the high spatial distribution of water in these copolymers we use spatially-resolved electron energy-loss spectroscopy. For the case of DTE-8% PEG we find no statistically significant variations in water content greater than 100 nm length scales.
Stabilization of Uranium Sludge from a Conversion Plant Through Thermal Decomposition (2006)

The Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI) has begun a decommissioning program for a uranium conversion plant. A treatment process for the sludge waste, which was generated during the operation of the plant and stored in lagoons, was proposed based on the results of an analysis of the sludge char- acteristics and the thermal decomposition properties. The thermal decomposition rate was observed by a load cell at a given heating rate. The solid waste's stabilization properties were analyzed by TG/DTA and XRD. The nitrate salts in the sludge were decomposed in two steps; the first decomposition occurred at ca. 300 o C and the second at over 600 o C. The low-temperature decomposition was due to ammonium nitrate at 300 o C; the high-temperature decomposition was due to those of sodium and calcium nitrate and calcium carbonate at 900 o C. Alumina should be added for stabilization of the sodium oxide, which arose from decomposition of the sodium nitrate and reacted readily with water. The residual solid waste consisted mainly of Na2O·2UO3, calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, and Na2O·Al2O3; these materials are stable compounds for storage. As a result, the volume of the sludge waste could be decreased by over 75 % when using this sludge treatment process.
Shared Vulnerability of Two Synaptically-Connected Medial Temporal Areas to Age and Cognitive Decline: A 7T MRI Study (P6.219) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: We endeavored to study how Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects hippocampal and medial temporal microanatomy using high-resolution imaging in vivo. We hypothesized that if entorhinal cortex (ERC) and CA1 stratum radiatum and stratum lacunosum-moleculare (CA1-SRLM) share an early vulnerability to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, then atrophy should occur in a proportional fashion between the two structures. BACKGROUND: The medial temporal lobe (MTL) is the first brain area to succumb to neurofibrillary tau pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Postmortem human tissue evaluation suggests that this pathology propagates in an ordered fashion, with the ERC and then CA1-SRLM -- two monosynaptically-connected structures -- exhibiting selective damage. DESIGN/METHODS: We recruited patients with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease and a pool of age-matched healthy controls. We also recruited young controls as a comparison group. All underwent ultra-high field 7T MRI and neuropsychological assessment. RESULTS: We found a significant correlation between ERC and CA1-SRLM size that could not be explained by global atrophy affecting the MTL. Of the various structures that contribute axons or dendrites into the CA1-SRLM neuropil, only ERC emerged as a significant predictor of CA1-SRLM size in a linear regression analysis. By contrast, other synaptically-connected elements of the MTL did not exhibit size correlations. CA1-SRLM and ERC structural covariance was significant for older controls and not patients, whereas the opposite pattern emerged for a correlation between CA1-SRLM and episodic memory performance. Interestingly, CA1-SRLM and ERC were the only MTL structures to atrophy in older controls relative to a younger comparison group. CONCLUSIONS: Together, these findings suggest that ERC and CA1-SRLM share vulnerability both to age and to AD-associated atrophy. Study Supported by: Alzheimer's Association, NIH-NIA, American Federation for Aging Research, McKnight Endowment Fund for Neuroscience
An Expert System For Switch Operation Planning On Line Dispatching (1993)

An expert system is presented that produces the operation sequence for disconnecting apparatuses from a power system under normal operating conditions.To keep the reliablity of power supply on the network during the operation, the operation sequence must be produced in due consideration of network states, such as load factors and routes of transmission line. Besides, since the network which system manages, includes many high-voltage consumers, the operation sequence for each consumer should be divided into detailed switch operation sequence.So as to produce detailed switching operation sequence simultaneously with macro network operation sequence, we introduce the multi-layered object-oriented network model for the knowledge base of this expert system.Each layer of this model represents network configuration in the different degree of detail, and the consistency between states of layers is maintained by inter-layer message-passing mechanism. On the layer which represents apparatuses and their connections in detail, the inference engine can generate the switching operation sequence. On another layer which represents control centers and consumers, the inference engine can search for routes of power supply and can generate the sequence of changing over the network. Therefore, by using each layers properly, the inference engine can produce various kinds of operation sequences.Furthermore the object-oriented network model makes easy maintenance and extension of the system.
Bipolar spin Hall nano-oscillators (2020)

We demonstrate a spin Hall nano-oscillator (SHNO) that allows for efficient tuning of magnetic auto-oscillations over an extended range of gigahertz frequencies, using bipolar direct currents at constant magnetic fields. This is achieved by stacking two distinct ferromagnetic layers with a platinum interlayer. In this device, the orientation of the spin polarized electrons accumulated at the top and bottom interfaces of the platinum layer is switched upon changing the polarity of the direct current. As a result, the effective anti-damping required to drive large amplitude auto-oscillations can appear either at the top or bottom magnetic layer. Tuning of the auto-oscillation frequencies by several gigahertz can be achieved by combining two materials with sufficiently different saturation magnetizations. Here, we show that the combination of NiFe and CoFeB can result in 3 GHz shifts in the auto-oscillation frequencies. Bipolar SHNOs as such may bring enhanced synchronization capabilities to neuromorphic computing applications.
Synthesis and Asymmetric Hydrogermylation Reactions of Dithiogermanium Hydrides Derived from C2-Symmetric Dithiols (2001)

Two members of a new class of dithiogermanium hydrides have been prepared in racemic and enantiopure form. Reaction of 2,2-dithiobinap and 3,3-bis-trimethylsilyl-2,2-dithiobinap with t BuGeCl 3 followed by reduction provides the corresponding germanium hydrides. Hydrogermylation of methyl methacrylate occurs with low selectivity (<3/1) for the former substrate but high selectivity (>10/1) for the latter.
Performance Evaluation of the Interworking Between DVB-RCS and WiMAX (2007)

Aiming to provide low-cost universal broadband access, this paper describes the strategy that supports the integration of hybrid satellite and WiMAX, based on the network architecture proposed in the IST Satsix project. In this context, WiMAX networks can be used as wireless local loops integrated with a satellite network, lowering the cost of the broadband internet connections and providing a universal access to rural and marine areas. The paper presents the problems concerning the interworking between DVB-RCS and WiMAX technologies and the solutions adopted in the SatSix research project, partially funded by European Commission within the Information Society Technologies (IST) 6th Framework Programme. © 2007 by SatSix consortium.
Detailed optical characterization of a near diffraction limited xenon fluoride laser (1988)

A 1 m gain length, electron-beam-pumped xenon fluoride laser ( lambda =353, 351 nm) utilizing two laser mixtures of lean and rich NF/sub 3/, with Xe and balance Ne, which was operated with a confocal unstable resonator with magnification of 2.24, is discussed. The resultant beam quality was diagnosed with both shearing interferometry to measure near-field phase, and far-field focal-spot evaluation techniques. These measurements resulted in a beam quality of <1.15 times the diffraction limit with no evidence of the wide angle energy loss. The laser was fully characterized with regard to electron-beam deposition uniformity, transient refractive index effects, and optical quality of the resonator and diagnostic components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A Novel Hybrid Reformer-Electrolyzer-Purifier (REP) for Distributed Production of Low-Cost, Low Greenhouse Gas Hydrogen (2016)

To evaluate the overall economic benefits of hydrogen production, delivery and dispensing of the novel hybrid Reformer-Electrolyzer-Purifier (REP) technology, cost analysis was carried out and compared to various hydrogen production technologies using H2A Analysis Models. The hydrogen cost contributions are compared amongst REP, steam methane reforming (SMR) and proton exchange membrane electrolysis (PEME) technologies within a forecourt hydrogen production facility, that is, hydrogen production at the fueling station. The hydrogen production cost of the REP production facility is below the DOE cost target and the total delivered hydrogen cost of hydrogen from the REP production facility is attractive ($3.73/gge) and below the hydrogen cost of the SMR production facility. Sensitivity analysis is also carried out to identify the impacts of each cost component variable.
On the steric acceleration of ene reactions (2002)

Steric buttressing, using the removable trityl group as a protecting group for substituted allylamines, is used to effect selective cycloadditions and uncatalysed ene reactions under remarkably mild conditions.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel C5-Modified Pyrimidine Ribofuranonucleosides as Potential Antitumor or/and Antiviral Agents (2019)

This report describes the total and facile synthesis of modified furanononucleosides of uracil, with alterations on both the sugar and the heterocyclic portions. Compounds 12b,14 and 18a,c,d showed noticeable antiviral activity against a series of RNA viruses and merit further biological and structural optimization investigations.
The proapoptotic benzodiazepine Bz-423 affects the growth and survival of malignant B cells. (2003)

Bz-423 is a novel proapoptotic 1,4-benzodiazepine that induces cell death via a superoxide signal. Previous work has shown that Bz-423 ameliorates disease in animal models of systemic lupus erythematosus that also have features of lymphoproliferative disease. Here we describe the effects of Bz-423 against a group of malignant B-cell lines derived from Burkitt's lymphoma. These experiments demonstrate that Bz-423 has cytotoxic activity against all B-cell lines tested, regardless of EBV status or Bcl-2 and Bcl-x(L) expression levels. In addition to its cytotoxic properties, we found that Bz-423 is also a potent antiproliferative agent that induces a G(1)-phase arrest independent of p53. Mechanistically, both the cytotoxicity and growth arrest are mediated by increased reactive oxygen species levels and appear independent of binding to the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. This work further defines the biological activities of Bz-423 that are consistent with those of other compounds in clinical development for antineoplastic therapies.
Profiling of Changes in Optical Fiber Stress and Refractive Index Due to Carbon-Dioxide Laser Irradiation (2010)

Independent measurements of the 2D refractive index and axial stress distributions in CO2-laser-induced long-period fiber gratings are performed. Physical mechanisms of fabrication are evaluated for the first time by direct measurement.
Personalized mathematical word problem generation (2015)

Word problems are an established technique for teaching mathematical modeling skills in K-12 ed-ucation. However, many students find word prob-lems unconnected to their lives, artificial, and un-interesting. Most students find them much more difficult than the corresponding symbolic represen-tations. To account for this phenomenon, an ideal pedagogy might involve an individually crafted progression of unique word problems that form a personalized plot. We propose a novel technique for automatic gen-eration of personalized word problems. In our system, word problems are generated from gen-eral specifications using answer-set programming (ASP). The specifications include tutor require-ments (properties of a mathematical model), and student requirements (personalization, characters, setting). Our system takes a logical encoding of the specification, synthesizes a word problem narrative and its mathematical model as a labeled logical plot graph, and realizes the problem in natural language. Human judges found our problems as solvable as the textbook problems, with a slightly more artifi-cial language. 1