gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Descriptive epidemiology of the outbreak of classical swine fever in Catalonia (Spain), 2001/02 (2007)

Spain suffered an outbreak of classical swine fever between June 14, 2001 and May 7, 2002, which affected 49 herds; this paper describes the epidemiological characteristics of the 39 herds that were affected in Catalonia, an area of high pig density in the north east of Spain. The outbreak took place in two waves, which affected first the province of Lleida and then Barcelona. A total of 291,058 animals were slaughtered, 59,595 belonging to infected herds; 22 of the infected herds were detected on the basis of clinical suspicion on the part of the farmer or farm veterinarian, and the other 17 were detected by surveillance methods. The transmission of the virus between herds was attributed to the movement of people in 23 per cent of the cases, to animals in 13 per cent, vehicles in 10 per cent, proximity 18 per cent, the pick-up service of the rendering plant in 8 per cent and slurry in 5 per cent; in the other nine herds (23 per cent) the route of entry of the disease could not be established. The viruses isolated in the two waves of the outbreak were 100 per cent homologous and belonged to subgroup 2.3. The origin of the outbreak remains unknown.
Intracellular Trafficking of Polyamidoamine–Poly(ethylene glycol) Block Copolymers in DNA Delivery (2011)

The delivery of nucleic acids has the potential to revolutionize medicine by allowing previously untreatable diseases to be clinically addressed. Viral delivery systems have shown immunogenicity and toxicity dangers, but synthetic vectors have lagged in transfection efficiency. Previously, we developed a modular, linear–dendritic block copolymer architecture with high gene transfection efficiency compared to commercial standards. This rationally designed system makes use of a cationic dendritic block to condense the anionic DNA and forms complexes with favorable endosomal escape properties. The linear block provides biocompatibility and protection from serum proteins, and can be functionalized with a targeting ligand. In this work, we quantitate performance of this system with respect to intracellular barriers to gene delivery using both high-throughput and traditional approaches. An image-based, high-throughput assay for endosomal escape is described and applied to the block copolymer system. Nuclear entry is demonstrated to be the most significant barrier to more efficient delivery and will be addressed in future versions of the system.
Integrating RBAC, MIC, and MLS in Verified Hierarchical Security Model for Operating System (2020)

Designing a trusted access control mechanism of an operating system (OS) is a complex task if the goal is to achieve high level of security assurance and guarantees of unwanted information flows absence. Even more complex it becomes when the integration of several heterogeneous mechanisms, like role-based access control (RBAC), mandatory integrity control (MIC), and multi-level security (MLS) is considered. This paper presents results of development of a hierarchical integrated model of access control and information flows (HIMACF), which provides a holistic integration of RBAC, MIC, and MLS preserving key security properties of all those mechanisms. Previous version of this model is called MROSL DP-model. Now the model is formalized using Event-B formal method and its correctness is formally verified. In the hierarchical representation of the model, each hierarchy level (module) corresponds to a separate security control mechanism, so the model can be verified with less effort reusing the results of verification of lower level modules. The model is implemented in a Linux-based operating system using the Linux Security Modules infrastructure.
Software video stabilization in a fixed point arithmetic (2008)

This paper discusses a new approach to the stabilization of video sequences. The input of a video stabilization system is a video sequence of relatively static scene, which is ragged due to a mechanical shaking of the camera. This type shaking is often amplified by a camera zoom. Because of this, the video stabilization algorithms are often useful in combination with the security monitoring systems, which often must deal with the zoomed scenes. The video stabilization means a correction of such video sequences, so the stabilized output appears as steady. Our algorithm is based on the fixed-point arithmetic. For this reason it is suitable for use on devices that are not optimized for fixed-point arithmetic, like the DSP architectures and other embedded systems.
Conflicted scientists: the “shared pool” dilemma of scientific advisory committees (2005)

Science advisors play a critical role in government policy making, yet these advisors are often equally attractive to regulated industry. Despite efforts to manage conflicts of interest among science advisors, allegations of conflict frequently plague advisory committee deliberations or outcomes. This article examines what we term the “shared pool” dilemma using data collected from 92 members of 11 US Food and Drug Administration advisory committees. The results suggested science advisors were generally positive about their experiences on advisory committees and viewed the committee process as impartial. Written comments suggested that advisors linked the neutrality of the process to the success of the FDA’s conflict-of-interest procedures. Even so, the advisors acknowledged the challenges associated with recruiting disinterested and qualified scientists to serve on advisory committees, reflecting the shared pool dilemma. Many advisors seemed more troubled about advisors participating when they lacked expertise than when they had minor conflicts of interest.
Paper No S4.3: Printed Circuit and OLED on Foldable Paper Substrates (2015)

Abstract In this article, we describe the fabrication of stable silver‐graphene composite electrode pattern and organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) on the surface‐modified paper substrates. Relative conductance and light emission efficiency of OLED was evaluated for folding cycle and angle. In case of inside folding up to 180° and 1000 cycle, more than 85% of initial conductance was remained at nanowire‐graphene composite circuits.
Three Classes of Genes Mutated In Colorectal Cancers with Chromosomal Instability (2004)

Although most colorectal cancers are chromosomally unstable, the basis for this instability has not been defined. To determine whether genes shown to cause chromosomal instability in model systems were mutated in colorectal cancers, we identified their human homologues and determined their sequence in a panel of colorectal cancers. We found 19 somatic mutations in five genes representing three distinct instability pathways. Seven mutations were found in MRE11, whose product is involved in double-strand break repair. Four mutations were found among hZw10, hZwilch/FLJ10036, and hRod/KNTC, whose products bind to one another in a complex that localizes to kinetochores and controls chromosome segregation. Eight mutations were found in Ding, a previously uncharacterized gene with sequence similarity to the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Pds1, whose product is essential for proper chromosome disjunction. This analysis buttresses the evidence that chromosomal instability has a genetic basis and provides clues to the mechanistic basis of instability in cancers.
Molecular events involved in up-regulating human Na+-independent neutral amino acid transporter LAT1 during T-cell activation (2001)

We investigated the regulation of system-L amino acid transporter (LAT1) during T-cell activation. In quiescent T-cells, L-leucine transport is mediated mainly by the system-L amino acid transport system and is increased significantly during T-cell activation by PMA and ionomycin. In quiescent T-cells, the LAT1 protein was heterocomplexed with 4F2 heavy chain (4F2hc) in the plasma membrane. During T-cell activation, the amounts of 4F2hc and LAT1 heterocomplex were significantly elevated compared with those in quiescent T-cells. In addition, by Northern-blot analysis, these increments were found to be due to elevated levels of LAT1 and 4F2hc mRNA. Transient expression of constructs comprising various LAT1 gene promoter fragments, which contained all three of the GC boxes, was sufficient for promoting luciferase expression in Jurkat T-cells, but the promoter of the LAT1 gene did not respond to PMA and ionomycin. Similar observations were observed in the human 4F2hc gene promoter. In nuclear run-on assay, the LAT1 and 4F2hc genes were actively transcribed even in quiescent T-cells, but the low levels of both transcripts were shown to be the result of a block to transcription elongation within the exon 1 intron 1 regions. These findings indicated that a removal of the block to mRNA elongation stimulates the induction of system-L amino acid transporter gene transcripts (LAT1 and 4F2hc) in activated T-cells.
Synthesis of Onion‐Peel Nanodendritic Structures with Sequential Functional Phosphorus Diversity (2015)

The preparation of novel families of phosphorus-based macromolecular architectures called "onion peel" phosphorus nanodendritic systems is reported. This construct is based on the versatility of methods of synthesis using several building blocks and on the capability of these systems to undergo regioselective reactions within the cascade structure. Sustainable metal-free routes such as the Staudinger reaction or Schiff-base condensation, involving only water and nitrogen as byproducts, allow access to several dendritic macromolecules bearing up to seven different phosphorus units in their backbone, each of them featuring specific reactivity. The presence of the highly aurophilic P=N-P=S fragment enables selective ligation of Au(I) within the dendritic framework.
Population-based cohort study assessing the efficacy of cervical cytology (Pap smear) and human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as modalities for cervical cancer screening (2018)

In cervical cancer screening, several trials have shown that human papillomavirus (HPV) testing or combined HPV testing and cytology leads to earlier detection of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia Grade 3 or worse (CIN3+) compared with cytology alone. However, the availability of similar evidence in our country remains limited. In 2013, 34 local governments were selected to administer a cervical cancer screening program utilizing either cytology alone or in combination with HPV testing. We planned a cohort study to assess the effectiveness of HPV testing as a modality for cervical cancer screening. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of CIN3+ in each group, as well as to assess the risks and benefits of receiving screening for women in both groups. These results will contribute to elucidating the details of the positive and negative impacts of introducing HPV testing into a population-based cervical cancer screening program in Japan.
Preparation of liposome-encapsulated bacteriophage PEV2 formulation (2017)

Liposome-encapsulated (LE) phages have been reported to improve phage survival rate and biodistribution in body. Conventional thin film hydration followed by extrusion was generally employed to produce LE formulation. This study investigated the feasibility of using microfluidic approach to encapsulate a Pseudomonas aeruginosa phage PEV2 into liposomes.
Self‐normalizing method to measure the detective quantum efficiency of a wide range of x‐ray detectors (1999)

The detective quantum efficiency (DQE) is widely accepted as the most relevant parameter to characterize the image quality of medical x-ray systems. In this article we describe a solid method to measure the DQE. The strength of the method lies in the fact that it is self-normalizing so measurements at very low spatial frequencies are not needed. Furthermore, it works on any system with a response function which is linear in the small-signal approximation. We decompose the DQE into several easily accessible quantities and discuss in detail how they can be measured. At the end we lead the interested reader through an example. Noise equivalent quanta and normalized contrast values are tabulated for standard radiation qualities.
Central island myomucosal tongue flap (1983)

Resection of intermediate-sized (T2 and T3) lesions of the anterior floor of the mouth is often associated with defects in speech, glutition, and cosmesis despite reconstructive efforts. This paper describes the use of the central island myomucosal tongue flap to reconstruct defects of this size. Since this flap possesses the same vascular characteristics as the myocutaneous flap it offers similar advantages. Experience with seven patients in whom this flap was used suggested that this is a dependable method of anterior floor of mouth reconstruction since there was no evidence of nonviability, delayed healing, or wound breakdown. The advantages of this flap are: (a) it is rapidly developed from easily accessible local tissue, (b) it offers the same reliability as myocutaneous flaps, (c) it causes less disability of articulation and deglutition than other tongue flaps, and (d) it results in no cosmetic deformity.
Simulated Cystic Renal Lesions: Quantitative X-ray Phase-Contrast CT—An in Vitro Phantom Study (2014)

Grating-based phase-contrast CT allows differentiation of simulated simple, protein-rich, hemorrhagic, and enhancing renal cysts in an in vitro phantom through simultaneous assessment of their distinct attenuation- and phase-contrast signal.
Flow-Cytometric Analysis of Reticulocytes in Normal Cord Blood (1993)

We performed precise reticulocyte counts and a reticulocyte maturation study according to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) content, in normal cord blood. For this purpose we analyzed 35 cord blood specimens corresponding to a mean gestational age of 39.2 weeks (range 38-41). In all specimens complete blood counts were performed with the H*1 (Technicon, Bayer) analyzer. Reticulocyte maturation study and counts were conducted by the R-1000 (Sysmex) reticulocyte analyzer. We obtained the following measurements (mean +/- 1 SD): reticulocyte percentage 3.11 +/- 0.75% and reticulocyte absolute count 137.3 +/- 33.3 x 10(9)/l. There was no correlation between the reticulocyte counts and the duration of gestation or the type of labor (normal, forceps assisted or cesarean section). Reticulocyte subpopulations with different rRNA content and maturation were expressed as reticulocytes with high (HFR), median (MFR) and low (LFR) fluorescence of the fluorochrome auramine bound to rRNA. Normal cord values were: HFR% = 13.6 +/- 2.4, MFR% = 22.5 +/- 2.4 and LFR% = 63.9 +/- 4.3. Reference maturation subpopulations were assessed for comparison in 180 samples of healthy adults (90 males and 90 females) and were found HFR% = 1.0 +/- 0.8, MFR% = 9.7 +/- 3.3 and LFR% = 89.2 +/- 3.4. The HFR% and MFR% were significantly higher while LFR% was significantly lower (p < 0.001) in cord compared to adult blood, denoting a shift to more immature reticulocyte forms. The above values are provided as normal reference data of the reticulocyte maturation profile in full-term cord blood.
Imaging of tumor-associated system xC- activity with 18F-fluoropropylglutamate (FSPG) PET/CT for intracranial malignancies. (2015)

Poster: EANM 16 / EP020 / Imaging of tumor-associated system xc- activity with 18F-fluoropropylglutamate (FSPG) PET/CT for intracranial malignancies by: I. Sonni1, R. Minamimoto1, M. Jamali1, N. Hatami1, N. Koglin2, M. Berndt2, A. Stephens2, F. Chin1, N. Fischbein1, G. Zaharchuk1, S. S. Gambhir1, E. Mittra1; 1Stanford University, Stanford, UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 2Piramal, Berlin, GERMANY
T helper dependent CTL migration into the vaginal mucosa (2008)

Cytotoxixc T lymphocyte (CTLs) play a critical role in controlling virus infection. However, little is known regarding how CTLs migrate into the mucosal tissues and mediate antiviral host defense. Here, we addressed the mechanism of CTL migration into the mucosal site. By using mouse model of vaginal herpes simple virus (HSV) 2, we demonstrated that HSV‐specific CTLs were localized in the vaginal epithelia and migration of HSV‐specific CTLs depends on the presence of CD4 help. In addition, although division and IFN‐γ production by HSV‐specifc CTLs in the draining lymph node normally occurred in the absent of CD4 help, there was a decrease in the accumulation of these cells in the helpless mice. In the absence of CD4 T help, secretion of IFN‐γ and IFN‐inducible chemokines were diminished at the infection site. Importantly, HSV‐specific CTLs deficient in the chemokine receptor CXCR3 failed to migration into the vaginal mucosa after infection. These observations indicated that CD4 help is required to support CTL migration to the site of infection by inducing appropriate chemokines secretion in situ .
Development of 5G CHAMPION testbeds for 5G services at the 2018 Winter Olympic Games (2017)

This paper describes the first available 5G testbeds as designed by 5G CHAMPION, a collaborative research project undertaken by over twenty consortium members and targeting the provision of 5G services at the 2018 Winter Olympics in Korea. In order to provide 5G services such as augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), high quality, interactive multi-player video games, the testbeds shall fulfill the challenging requirements such as ultra-high data rates, ultra-reliable low latency, and mass connectivity. To meet such requirements, revolutionary testbed architectures are proposed, designed to be flexible, cost- and energy-efficient, through adopting state-of-art multi-radio access technologies (RAT) in client devices and in the network. The testbeds will also provide mmWave wireless backhaul, an interoperable and seamless connection between two different access networks located in Europe and on the site of the Korean Winter Olympic Games.
Transforming Light (2008)

Recent advances in micro- and nanofabrication methods are presenting opportunities to control light in a way that is not possible with the materials provided to us by nature. Synthetic structures built up from subwavelength elements can now be fabricated with a desired spatial distribution of effective electric permittivity ε and magnetic permeability μ, thereby offering the potential to guide and control the flow of electromagnetic energy in an engineered optical space. These “metamaterials” have opened the door to a number of applications that had been previously considered impossible. No longer are we constrained by the electromagnetic response of natural materials and their chemical compounds. Instead, we can tailor the shape and size of the structural unit of the metamaterial and tune their composition and morphology to provide new functionality.
Hybrid modeling: Applications in real-time diagnosis (2020)

Reduced-order models that accurately abstract high fidelity models and enable faster simulation is vital for real-time, model-based diagnosis applications. In this paper, we outline a novel hybrid modeling approach that combines machine learning inspired models and physics-based models to generate reduced-order models from high fidelity models. We are using such models for real-time diagnosis applications. Specifically, we have developed machine learning inspired representations to generate reduced order component models that preserve, in part, the physical interpretation of the original high fidelity component models. To ensure the accuracy, scalability and numerical stability of the learning algorithms when training the reduced-order models we use optimization platforms featuring automatic differentiation. Training data is generated by simulating the high-fidelity model. We showcase our approach in the context of fault diagnosis of a rail switch system. Three new model abstractions whose complexities are two orders of magnitude smaller than the complexity of the high fidelity model, both in the number of equations and simulation time are shown. The numerical experiments and results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed hybrid modeling approach.
The Asymmetric Reduction of Heterocyclic Ketones – A Key Step in the Synthesis of Potassium‐Competitive Acid Blockers (P‐CABs) (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers – a New Option for the Treatment of Acid-Related Diseases Discovery and Development of 7H-8,9-Dihydropyrano[2,3-c]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines as Potassium-Competitive Acid Blockers Noyori-Type Catalysts for the Asymmetric Reduction of Prochiral Ketones Research Overview Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones Bearing the Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine Skeleton Asymmetric Reduction of Ketones Bearing the 3,6,7,8-Tetrahydrochromeno[7,8-d]imidazole Skeleton Large-Scale Asymmetric Synthesis of the 3,6,7,8-Tetrahydrochromeno[7,8-d]imidazole BYK 405879 Conclusions Acknowledgments References
Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange as a Novel Method To Study Somatic Hypermutation in Ramos Cells (2011)

An effective immune response requires a highly diverse repertoire of affinity-matured antibodies. Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) is required for somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin (Ig) genes. Although a great deal has been learned about the regulation of AID, it remains unclear how it is preferentially targeted to particular motifs, to certain locations within the Ig gene and not to other highly expressed genes in the germinal center B cell. This is an important question because AID is highly mutagenic and is sometimes mistargeted to other highly expressed genes, including proto-oncogenes, leading to B cell lymphomas. Here we describe how we utilize recombinase-mediated cassette exchange (RMCE) to modify the sequence of the endogenous heavy chain locus in the Ramos Burkitt's lymphoma cell line. This platform can be used to explore the regulation and targeting of SHM and to generate human antibodies with changes in affinity and specificity in vitro.
Properties of Hemoglobin Decolorized with a Histidine‐Specific Protease (2015)

This study investigated the application of Aspergilloglutamic peptidase (AGP) on porcine hemoglobin decolorization. AGP from fungus Aspergillus niger is identified to possess a high preference towards the histidine residues. As histidine residues in hemoglobin are known to coordinate the heme group within the globin molecule, we therefore hypothesized that incubating hemoglobin with a histidine-specific protease would efficiently separate the non-heme peptides from the heme-enriched peptides with a minimum degree of hydrolysis. AGP-decolored porcine hemoglobin hydrolysates were assessed on their functional (for example, color, emulsification, foaming, and water binding) and sensory properties. The results were compared with commercially available blood-derived proteins (subtilisin-decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates and plasma protein). It was observed that AGP is able to effectively decolor hemoglobin. The degree of hydrolysis (DH) increased less than 3% using AGP to achieve 90% color reduction of hemoglobin, whereas a DH increase of more than 20% is needed using subtilisin. The AGP-decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates (AGP-Hb) possess good emulsification, foaming, and water binding properties, which are better or comparable with the plasma protein, and much better than the subtilisin-decolored hemoglobin hydrolysates (subtilisin-Hb). The model canned meat with addition of AGP-Hb showed the highest value in hardness, springiness, and chewiness from the texture analysis. Furthermore, the canned meat with AGP-Hb was found to have a better sensory profile than the ones with addition of subtilisin-Hb and plasma protein.
The designing principles of digital processing means for on-board radars when optimal and quasi-optimal algorithms in real time are realized (2011)

There are proposed the designing principles of digital processing means when mathematical and circuit design modelling of optimal and quasi-optimal algorithms of reflected signal processing in real time are used. Exampl of using such approach to design processing means of quasi-continuons series phase shift impulse radiosignals is presented.