gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEK9-dependent proliferation of cancer cells lacking functional p53 (2014)

Dysfunction of the p53 network is a major cause of cancer development, and selective elimination of p53-inactivated cancer cells therefore represents an ideal therapeutic strategy. In this study, we performed a microRNA target screen that identified NEK9 (NIMA-related kinase 9) as a crucial regulator of cell-cycle progression in p53-inactivated cancer cells. NEK9 depletion selectively inhibited proliferation in p53-deficient cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. The resultant cell-cycle arrest occurred predominantly in G1 phase, and exhibited senescence-like features. Furthermore, NEK9 repression affected expression of a broad range of genes encoding cell-cycle regulators and factors involved in mRNA processing, suggesting a novel role for NEK9 in p53-deficient cells. Lung adenocarcinoma patients with positive staining for NEK9 and mutant p53 proteins exhibited significantly poorer prognoses, suggesting that expression of both proteins promotes tumor growth. Our findings demonstrate that a novel NEK9 network regulates the growth of cancer cells lacking functional p53.
Engineering the cascoded NMOS output buffer for maximum V/sub t1/ (2002)

The overall ESD performance of CMOS integrated circuits is often limited by the ESD robustness of the lateral NPN (LNPN) bipolar transistor parasitic to the NMOS output buffer. In this paper, we investigate layout and bias options for maximizing the lateral NPN bipolar trigger voltage V/sub t1/ of the cascoded NMOSFET output buffer. Based on experimental data and device simulations, we demonstrate: (1) how bipolar turn-on characteristics change with buffer layout; and (2) how V/sub t1/ may be significantly increased by applying bias to the upper NMOSFET gate. Example circuits which produce these preferential ESD bias conditions are shown.
Injection Seeding Of A Nd:YAG Laser Utilizing A Radially Variable Reflectivity Output Coupler (1988)

A Nd:YAG laser oscillator with a radially variable reflectivity mirror has been designed and tested for operation in high power, single longitudinal mode by the injection seeding technique. Design criteria are outlined and results obtained with an oscillator / amplifier system are presented
Trapping a Ru2O3 Corundum-like Structure at Ultrathin, Disordered RuO2 Nanoskins Expressed in 3D (2018)

Protocols that express functional materials in a way that amplifies their surface-to-volume ratio offer a means to probe the structural ambiguity and surface-mediated reactivity of technologically important materials. We previously reported that three-dimensional (3D) ultraporous scaffolds, such as silica aerogels, silica fiber paper, and carbon nanofoam paper (CNF), provide a form factor that expresses energy-storing, catalytic ruthenium oxide (RuOx) as essentially all-surface—and a highly disordered one at that. To track the chemical state and solid-state structure of the 3D-expressed RuOx nanoskins as a function of thermal processing, we use X-ray near-edge structure (XANES), extended X-ray fine structure (EXAFS), and differential pair-distribution function (DPDF) analyses. We find that a Ru-centered ∼2.4 Å correlation present in the as-deposited oxide, also observed in PDF analysis of RuO2·nH2O but previously unassigned, fits the metastable corundum-like Ru2O3 structure. This corundum-like feature diminishes in concentration with increasing treatment temperature (25–200 °C), commensurate with an increase in relative rutile RuO2 content, electrical conductivity, and charge-storing capacitance of the oxide. Yet disorder persists beyond 8 Å, and a rutile nanocrystalline structure is not attained until >200 °C. The combination of synthetic amplification and total scattering analyses offers a viable approach to elucidate the structural ambiguity of practical, disordered nanomaterials.
Sub 20 nm Silicon Patterning and Metal Lift-Off Using Thermal Scanning Probe Lithography (2014)

The most direct definition of a patterning process' resolution is the smallest half-pitch feature it is capable of transferring onto the substrate. Here we demonstrate that thermal Scanning Probe Lithography (t-SPL) is capable of fabricating dense line patterns in silicon and metal lift-off features at sub 20 nm feature size. The dense silicon lines were written at a half pitch of 18.3 nm to a depth of 5 nm into a 9 nm polyphthalaldehyde thermal imaging layer by t-SPL. For processing we used a three-layer stack comprising an evaporated SiO2 hardmask which is just 2-3 nm thick. The hardmask is used to amplify the pattern into a 50 nm thick polymeric transfer layer. The transfer layer subsequently serves as an etch mask for transfer into silicon to a nominal depth of 60 nm. The line edge roughness (3 sigma) was evaluated to be less than 3 nm both in the transfer layer and in silicon. We also demonstrate that a similar three-layer stack can be used for metal lift-off of high resolution patterns. A device application is demonstrated by fabricating 50 nm half pitch dense nickel contacts to an InAs nanowire.
Hole Multiplexing in Quinone Derivative Photochemical Hole Burning Systems (1991)

We have been interested in PHB mechanism 1,2 in the quinone derivatives. The substituent effects of the guest molecules are examined on the hole multiplexing 3 , hole formation wavelength range and electric field effect 4 . We especially intend to know how densely multiple holes can be formed by wavelength tuning and Stark tuning.
Radiation promotes malignant phenotypes through SRC in breast cancer cells (2014)

Despite the fact that ionizing radiation (IR) is widely used as a standard treatment for breast cancer, much evidence suggests that IR paradoxically promotes cancer malignancy. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying radiation-induced cancer progression remain obscure. Here, we report that irradiation activates SRC signaling among SRC family kinase proteins, thereby promoting malignant phenotypes such as invasiveness, expansion of the cancer stem-like cell population, and resistance to anticancer agents in breast cancer cells. Importantly, radiation-activated SRC induced SLUG expression and caused epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B and p38 MAPK signaling. In agreement, either inhibition of SRC or downstream signaling of p38 MAPK or protein kinase B effectively attenuated radiation-induced epithelial-mesenchymal cell transition along with an increase in the cancer stem-like cell population. In addition, downregulation of SRC also abolished radiation-acquired resistance of breast cancer cells to anticancer agents such as cisplatin, etoposide, paclitaxel, and IR. Taken together, our findings suggest that combining radiotherapy with targeting of SRC might attenuate the harmful effects of radiation and enhance the efficacy of breast cancer treatment.
Crack formation in GaAs heteroepitaxial films on Si and SiGe virtual substrates (2003)

We have determined the critical cracking thickness, or the thickness beyond which crack formation is favored, in GaAs films grown on Si and SiGe virtual substrates analytically and experimentally. The analytical model predicts a critical cracking thickness proportional to the biaxial modulus and the crack resistance of the GaAs film, and inversely proportional to the square of the thermal stress and a nondimensional crack resistance number Z. This Z number is determined by the mechanical properties of the GaAs film for a system without substrate damage, and is also determined by the mechanical properties of the substrate for a system with substrate damage. The experimentally determined critical thicknesses were in general greater than the analytically derived values due to the kinetic barriers to crack nucleation, which were not taken into consideration in the models. In addition, we have observed an asymmetric crack array formation, where arrays running in the 〈110〉 substrate off-cut direction are favored. We have also performed finite element modeling of the crack systems to study the evolution of thermal stress around crack planes in the GaAs film.
A novel high performance WO x ReRAM based on thermally-induced SET operation (2013)

SET operation of unipolar transition-metal-oxide ReRAM is intrinsically difficult because the E-field is in an unfavorable direction (in the direction for RESET rather than SET), thus unipolar operation causes strong device degradation from the high current needed for SET operation. This work introduces a novel thermally induced SET operation that removes the high current stressing. By using an external heater we have provided heating without driving large current through the ReRAM device. This greatly improves the device performance and allows a high-density 1D1R array.
Abstract 1671: GSK3-beta as a therapeutic target in bladder cancer (2011)

Abstract Bladder cancer is the 5th most commonly diagnosed cancer in the United States. Because superficial bladder cancer (SBC) recurs in about 60% of cases, standard treatment involves tumor resection followed by intravesical therapies to prevent recurrence, as well as lifelong periodic cystoscopy. There is an urgent need for better intravesical therapies to prevent both the recurrence and progression of SBC. Recent evidence has demonstrated that glycogen synthase kinase – 3 beta (GSK3β) plays an important role in pancreatic, ovarian and colon cancers; however, to date the possible role of this important kinase has not been examined in bladder cancer. We propose that GSK3β plays a cancer promoting role in bladder cancer and that inhibition of GSK3β will reduce bladder cancer growth. The GSK3β inhibitor, AR-A014418, has been demonstrated to reduce tumor growth in the previously cited cancers. AR-A014418 reduced cell proliferation of three bladder cancer cell lines (HT1376, T24 and UM-UC-3) with EC50 values of 17.5μM for HT1376, 8μM for T24, and 10μM for UM-UC-3 cells. The effect of AR-A014418 on downstream targets in these cell lines was evaluated by Western blots which indicated an increase in apoptosis in these cells in response to drug treatment as demonstrated by the presence by both PARP and caspase 3 cleavage. The NFkB downstream target XIAP also exhibited reduced protein levels after drug treatment. The HT1376 cell line was transduced with luciferase containing lentivirus particles to generate a luciferase expressing cell line, HT1376-LUC to use for both ectopic and orthotopic models of bladder cancer growth. The efficacy of AR-A014418 in reducing bladder cancer tumor growth was tested in an ectopic mouse model. HT1376-LUC cells mixed with matrigel were transplanted into the right flank of 50 female nude mice. After one week, mice containing tumors with an average volume of 52 mm3 were randomized into four treatment groups of 10 mice each. Mice were treated twice weekly via IP injection with placebo, 1, 5 or 7mg/kg AR-A014418. Tumor sizes were measured and imaged for luciferase activity once weekly. Tumor growth was inhibited by both 5mg/kg and 7mg/kg doses by 19 days of treatment (p &amp;lt; 0.05, Student's T test). Together, the in vitro and in vivo data suggest that GSK3β is a novel target for bladder cancer treatment. Future studies using an orthotopic model of bladder cancer are planned. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1671. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1671
Ambient base‑free glycerol oxidation over bimetallic PdFe/ SiO2 by in situ generated active oxygen species (2021)

Low temperature oxidation of alcohols over heterogeneous catalysts is exceptionally challenging, particularly under neutral conditions. Herein, we report on an efficient, base-free method to oxidise glycerol over a 0.5%Pd-0.5þ/SiO2 catalyst at ambient temperature in the presence of gaseous H2 and O2. The exceptional catalytic performance was attributed to the in situ formation of highly reactive surface-bound oxygenated species, which promote the dehydrogenation on the alcohol. The PdFe bimetallic catalyst was determined to be significantly more active than corresponding monometallic analogues, highlighting the important role both metals have in this oxidative transformation. Fe leaching was confirmed to occur over the course of the reaction but sequestering experiments, involving the addition of bare carbon to the reactions, confirmed that the reaction was predominantly heterogeneous in nature. Investigations with electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy suggested that the reactivity in the early stages was mediated by surface-bound reactive oxygen species; no homogeneous radical species were observed in solution. This theory was further evidenced by a direct H2O2 synthesis study, which confirmed that the presence of Fe in the bimetallic catalyst neither improved the synthesis of H2O2 nor promoted its decomposition over the PdFe/SiO2 catalyst.
Data from MicroRNA Expression in Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Esophagus: Associations with Survival (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The dismal outcome of esophageal cancer patients highlights the need for novel prognostic biomarkers, such as microRNAs (miRNA). Although recent studies have established the role of miRNAs in esophageal carcinoma, a comprehensive multicenter study investigating different histologic types, including squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and adenocarcinoma with or without Barrett's, is still lacking.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; miRNA expression was measured in cancerous and adjacent noncancerous tissue pairs collected from 100 adenocarcinoma and 70 SCC patients enrolled at four clinical centers from the United States, Canada, and Japan. Microarray-based expression was measured in a subset of samples in two cohorts and was validated in all available samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In adenocarcinoma patients, miR-21, miR-223, miR-192, and miR-194 expression was elevated, whereas miR-203 expression was reduced in cancerous compared with noncancerous tissue. In SCC patients, we found elevated miR-21 and reduced miR-375 expression levels in cancerous compared with noncancerous tissue. When comparing cancerous tissue expression between adenocarcinoma and SCC patients, miR-194 and miR-375 were elevated in adenocarcinoma patients. Significantly, elevated miR-21 expression in noncancerous tissue of SCC patients and reduced levels of miR-375 in cancerous tissue of adenocarcinoma patients with Barrett's were strongly associated with worse prognosis. Associations with prognosis were independent of tumor stage or nodal status, cohort type, and chemoradiation therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Our multicenter-based results highlight miRNAs involved in major histologic types of esophageal carcinoma and uncover significant associations with prognosis. Elucidating miRNAs relevant to esophageal carcinogenesis is potentially clinically useful for developing prognostic biomarkers and identifying novel drug targets and therapies. (Clin Cancer Res 2009;15(19):6192–200)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Palladium(II) Complex Containing Imidazole Moieties. Synthesis and Structural Examination (2007)

trans-[PdCl 2 (NCyIm) 2 ] was prepared through a route involving the corresponding silver precursor.3-cyclohexyl-1-picolylimidazolium salt and Ag 2 O give a trans-[Ag(NCyIm) 2 ] + species with the imidazole ring bound at the N1 atom, not at the C2 atom.Transition metal complexes bearing N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligands have been known for many years 1 and have emerged as new types of ligands in homogeneous catalysis mostly during the past decade. 2,3The combination of chelate and pincer effects of such carbenes has provided novel types of catalysts. 4Significant innovations have been made in the synthesis and investigation of palladium (II) complexes bearing chelating nitrogen ligands.A number of these complexes has been found to be highly active for important organic reactions, e. g. the Heck coupling reaction or the ethylen/CO copolymerization. 5Previous studies have been primarily devoted to cyclometallated palladium complexes incorporating imine, amine, oxime, or oxazoline 6 moieties.Several neutral and cationic palladium(II) complexes have been reported, incorporating N-coordinated bis-and tris-imidazole chelates that were found to be catalytically active in the Heck reaction of 4-bromoacetophenone with N-butyl acrylate. 5An example of a mixed imidazolylidene-imidazole palladium complex and its application in the Sonogashira coupling reaction has also been reported. 7nomethyl and dimethyl Pd(II) complexes of bridged bisimidazole and mixed imidazole-N-heterocycle
Secondary Structure in the Core of Amyloid Fibrils Formed from Human β2m and its Truncated Variant ΔN6 (2014)

Amyloid fibrils formed from initially soluble proteins with diverse sequences are associated with an array of human diseases. In the human disorder, dialysis-related amyloidosis (DRA), fibrils contain two major constituents, full-length human β2-microglobulin (hβ2m) and a truncation variant, ΔN6 which lacks the N-terminal six amino acids. These fibrils are assembled from initially natively folded proteins with an all antiparallel β-stranded structure. Here, backbone conformations of wild-type hβ2m and ΔN6 in their amyloid forms have been determined using a combination of dilute isotopic labeling strategies and multidimensional magic angle spinning (MAS) NMR techniques at high magnetic fields, providing valuable structural information at the atomic-level about the fibril architecture. The secondary structures of both fibril types, determined by the assignment of ~80% of the backbone resonances of these 100- and 94-residue proteins, respectively, reveal substantial backbone rearrangement compared with the location of β-strands in their native immunoglobulin folds. The identification of seven β-strands in hβ2m fibrils indicates that approximately 70 residues are in a β-strand conformation in the fibril core. By contrast, nine β-strands comprise the fibrils formed from ΔN6, indicating a more extensive core. The precise location and length of β-strands in the two fibril forms also differ. The results indicate fibrils of ΔN6 and hβ2m have an extensive core architecture involving the majority of residues in the polypeptide sequence. The common elements of the backbone structure of the two proteins likely facilitates their ability to copolymerize during amyloid fibril assembly.
Synthesis of monolithic deep-ultraviolet-transparent polysilsesquioxane glasses from organotrimethoxysilane–water binary system (2012)

A facile sol–gel-based method for the formation of monolithic polysilsesquioxane glasses from acid-catalyzed organotrimethoxysilane–water binary mixtures, free from alcohols and organic solvents, has been developed.
Lower Limb Stability With ACL Impairment (1999)

The normal standards may serve as a reference for comparing functional differences in ACLr or ACLd populations. The vertical force parameter during a step-down may be useful as an outcome measure to monitor progress during rehabilitation.
Engineering stem cell responses using oxidative stress and notch ligand containing hydrogels (2014)

Heart failure is the leading cause of death worldwide. In 2013, the American Heart Association estimated that one American will die of cardiovascular disease every 39 seconds. While heart transplantation is the most viable treatment option, the limited availability of donor hearts has necessitated the search for treatment alternatives such as the use of adult stem cells for cardiac repair and regeneration. Following myocardial infarction (MI), the inflammatory cardiac microenvironment, limited survival of stem/progenitor cells, myocardial scarring and fibrosis affect cardiac regeneration. This dissertation examines adult stem cell based approaches for cardiac regeneration by studying the effect of i) H₂O₂- mediated oxidative stress on mesenchymal stem cells, ii) Notch1 activation in cardiac progenitor cells using a self-assembling peptide hydrogel containing the Notch1 ligand mimic RJ in vitro and functional consequences in a rat model of MI. Through these approaches, the central hypothesis that modulation of stem cell response using cues such as oxidative stress and activation of Notch1 signaling can improve functional outcome following myocardial infarction has been studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies on Clathrasils. Part 10. Effect of “Help Gases” on the Formation and Stability of Clathrasils. (1987)

Abstract Members of all known clathrasil families have been synthesized from aqueous silica solutions under hydrothermal conditions in the presence of their characteristic guest molecules (e.g.
Rational Combination of Promiscuous Enzymes Yields a Versatile Enzymatic Fuel Cell with Improved Coulombic Efficiency (2016)

International audience
HoneyCirculator: distributing credential honeytoken for introspection of web-based attack cycle (2017)

A web user who falsely accesses a compromised website is usually redirected to an adversary’s website and is forced to download malware after being exploited. Additionally, the adversary steals the user’s credentials by using information-leaking malware. The adversary may also try to compromise public websites owned by individual users by impersonating the website administrator using the stolen credentials. These compromised websites then become landing sites for drive-by download malware infection. Identifying malicious websites using crawling techniques requires a large amount of resources and time. To monitor the web-based attack cycle for effective detection and prevention, we propose a monitoring system called HoneyCirculator based on a honeytoken, which actively leaks bait credentials and lures adversaries to our decoy server that behaves like a compromised web content management system. To recursively analyze attack phases on the web-based attack cycle, our proposed system involves collecting malware, distributing bait credentials, monitoring fraudulent access, and inspecting compromised web content. It can instantly discover unknown malicious entities without conducting large-scale web crawling because of the direct monitoring behind the compromised web content management system. Our proposed system enables continuous and stable monitoring for about one year. In addition, almost all the malicious websites we discovered had not been previously registered in public blacklists.