gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical Characterization of Anodic Bonding Using Chevron Microchannel (2017)

As power demands for microelectronic devices continue to rise, new techniques for heat dissipation require innovative fabrication solutions such as on-chip cooling methods. The mechanical reliability of these high-powered, high-pressure systems is particularly sensitive to the interfacial strengths within the microelectronic architectures. In research at Georgia Tech, on-chip cooling methodologies involve cooling of devices with high-pressure coolant which is pumped through a microchannel. The microchannels are etched directly into a silicon wafer and then capped by a second wafer of pyrex glass. When fluid flows through the system, internal pressures can exceed 2000 kPa in certain locations of the microchannel. Overall system failure due to cracking of the brittle materials is of particular interest given the potential for catastrophic crack propagation. Using a combination of experiments and modeling, a methodology for predicting interfacial and cohesive strength of the silicon-glass bonded microchannel system has been developed. The objective of this work is to demonstrate the results of the experimental test technique and to extract appropriate silicon-glass interfacial test data in conjunction with numerical modeling of the fracture conditions.
Determining probability distribution of coherent integration time near 133 Hz and 1346 km in the Pacific Ocean (2013)

The hypothesis tested is that internal gravity waves limit the coherent integration time of sound at 1346 km in the Pacific ocean at 133 Hz and a pulse resolution of 0.06 s. Six months of continuous transmissions at about 18 min intervals are examined. The source and receiver are mounted on the bottom of the ocean with timing governed by atomic clocks. Measured variability is only due to fluctuations in the ocean. A model for the propagation of sound through fluctuating internal waves is run without any tuning with data. Excellent resemblance is found between the model and data's probability distributions of integration time up to five hours.
Human Basigin (CD147) Does Not Directly Interact with SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein (2021)

Basigin, or CD147, has been reported as a coreceptor used by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) to invade host cells. Basigin also has a well-established role in Plasmodium falciparum malaria infection of human erythrocytes, where it is bound by one of the parasite's invasion ligands, reticulocyte binding protein homolog 5 (RH5). Here, we sought to validate the claim that the receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein can form a complex with basigin, using RH5-basigin as a positive control. Using recombinantly expressed proteins, size exclusion chromatography and surface plasmon resonance, we show that neither RBD nor full-length spike glycoprotein bind to recombinant human basigin (expressed in either Escherichia coli or mammalian cells). Further, polyclonal anti-basigin IgG did not block SARS-CoV-2 infection of Vero E6 cells. Given the immense interest in SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic targets to improve treatment options for those who become seriously ill with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we would caution the inclusion of basigin in this list on the basis of its reported direct interaction with SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Reducing the mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 remains a global health priority. Vaccines have proven highly effective at preventing infection and hospitalization, but efforts must continue to improve treatment options for those who still become seriously ill. Critical to these efforts is the identification of host factors that are essential to viral entry and replication. Basigin, or CD147, was previously identified as a possible therapeutic target based on the observation that it may act as a coreceptor for SARS-CoV-2, binding to the receptor binding domain of the spike protein. Here, we show that there is no direct interaction between the RBD and basigin, casting doubt on its role as a coreceptor and plausibility as a therapeutic target.
Optimal LQG Control Under Delay-Dependent Costly Information (2018)

In the design of closed-loop networked control systems (NCSs), induced transmission delay between sensors and the control station is an often present issue which compromises control performance and may even cause instability. A very relevant scenario in which network-induced delay needs to be investigated is costly usage of communication resources. More precisely, advanced communication technologies, e.g., 5G, are capable of offering latency-varying information exchange for different prices. Therefore, induced delay becomes a decision variable. It is then the matter of decision maker's willingness to either pay the required cost to have lowlatency access to the communication resource, or delay the access at a reduced price. In this letter, we consider optimal price-based bi-variable decision making problem for single-loop NCS with a stochastic linear time-invariant system. Assuming that communication incurs cost such that transmission with shorter delay is more costly, a decision maker determines the switching strategy between communication links of different delays such that an optimal balance between the control performance and the communication cost is maintained. In this letter, we show that, under mild assumptions on the available information for decision makers, the separation property holds between the optimal link selecting and control policies. As the cost function is decomposable, the optimal policies are efficiently computed.
Report from the Tenth European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Moscow, USSR, September 16–19, 1981 (1982)

"Report from the Tenth European Conference on Controlled Fusion and Plasma Physics, Moscow, USSR, September 16–19, 1981." Nuclear Technology - Fusion, 2(1), pp. 135–136
Regulation of Life Cycle Checkpoints and Developmental Activation of Infective Larvae in Strongyloides stercoralis by Dafachronic Acid (2016)

The complex life cycle of the parasitic nematode Strongyloides stercoralis leads to either developmental arrest of infectious third-stage larvae (iL3) or growth to reproductive adults. In the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, analogous determination between dauer arrest and reproductive growth is governed by dafachronic acids (DAs), a class of steroid hormones that are ligands for the nuclear hormone receptor DAF-12. Biosynthesis of DAs requires the cytochrome P450 (CYP) DAF-9. We tested the hypothesis that DAs also regulate S. stercoralis development via DAF-12 signaling at three points. First, we found that 1 μM Δ7-DA stimulated 100% of post-parasitic first-stage larvae (L1s) to develop to free-living adults instead of iL3 at 37°C, while 69.4±12.0% (SD) of post-parasitic L1s developed to iL3 in controls. Second, we found that 1 μM Δ7-DA prevented post-free-living iL3 arrest and stimulated 85.2±16.9% of larvae to develop to free-living rhabditiform third- and fourth-stages, compared to 0% in the control. This induction required 24-48 hours of Δ7-DA exposure. Third, we found that the CYP inhibitor ketoconazole prevented iL3 feeding in host-like conditions, with only 5.6±2.9% of iL3 feeding in 40 μM ketoconazole, compared to 98.8±0.4% in the positive control. This inhibition was partially rescued by Δ7-DA, with 71.2±16.4% of iL3 feeding in 400 nM Δ7-DA and 35 μM ketoconazole, providing the first evidence of endogenous DA production in S. stercoralis. We then characterized the 26 CYP-encoding genes in S. stercoralis and identified a homolog with sequence and developmental regulation similar to DAF-9. Overall, these data demonstrate that DAF-12 signaling regulates S. stercoralis development, showing that in the post-parasitic generation, loss of DAF-12 signaling favors iL3 arrest, while increased DAF-12 signaling favors reproductive development; that in the post-free-living generation, absence of DAF-12 signaling is crucial for iL3 arrest; and that endogenous DA production regulates iL3 activation.
Supplementary Figures 1-10, Supplementary Materials and Methods, Supplementary References from Repurposing Tin Mesoporphyrin as an Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Shows Therapeutic Efficacy in Preclinical Models of Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1â",HO-1 expression in MMTV-PyMT tumors; Supplementary Figure S2â",Effects of SnMP and chemotherapy combination therapy; Supplementary Figure S3â",HO-1+ TAMs in murine models of breast cancer; Supplementary Figure S4â",Genetic inactivation and therapeutic inhibition of myeloid HO-1 in the MMTV-PyMT model; Supplementary Figure S5â",HO-1 in human cancer; Supplementary Figure S6â",tSNE clustering identifies stromal and epithelial cell types from breast cancer patient single-cell RNA sequencing data; Supplementary Figure 7â", Single cell RNA-Seq gene expression for checkpoint molecules grouped by inferred cell type; Supplementary Figure S8â",HO-1 protein in myeloid cells in human cancer; Supplementary Figure S9â", Comparative efficacies of therapeutically targeting HO-1 and PD-1 alongside paclitaxel treatment in 4T1 tumors; Supplementary Figure S10â",Improving checkpoint blockade therapy using SnMP.&lt;/p&gt;
An analytical compact model for estimation of stress in multiple Through-Silicon Via configurations (2011)

We present a compact model that provides a quick estimation of the stress and mobility patterns around arbitrary configurations of Through-Silicon Via's (TSVs). No separate TCAD simulations are required for these configurations. It estimates nFET and pFET mobility for industry-standard as well as for (100)/<100> substrate orientations. As the model provides mobility info in less than 0.1 millisecond/transistor/TSV, it is possible to be used in combination with layouting tools and circuit simulators to optimise layouts of circuits for digital and analog applications. The model has been integrated into the 3D PathFinding flow, for steering 3D IO placement during stack definition.
Signatures of the Spin Nernst effect in Tungsten (2016)

The spin Hall effect allows generation of spin current when current is passed along materials with large spin orbit coupling. Similarly, the spin Seebeck effect converts heat flow into spin voltage in magnetic materials that enables spin current generation in neighboring non-magnetic materials. Here we report signatures of temperature gradient induced spin current in non-magnetic metals, an effect often referred to as the spin Nernst effect. When temperature gradient is applied to W/CoFeB/MgO heterostructures, we find changes in the longitudinal and transverse voltages with magnetic field that resemble those of spin Hall magnetoresistance. A drift-diffusion model developed here dictates two driving forces, the effective internal electric field and the heat current, contribute to the generation of spin current. Interestingly we find that the two processes add constructively to increase the total amount of spin current, suggesting that the sign of the spin Hall and spin Nernst angles are opposite. These results provide insights into thermoelectric generation of spin current in heavy metals with strong spin orbit coupling.
Two problems in design and operation of multi-product asembly lines : line balancing and ordering variants (1999)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Broad and efficient control of major foodborne pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli by mixtures of plant-produced colicins (2015)

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) is one of the leading causes of bacterial enteric infections worldwide, causing ∼100,000 illnesses, 3,000 hospitalizations, and 90 deaths annually in the United States alone. These illnesses have been linked to consumption of contaminated animal products and vegetables. Currently, other than thermal inactivation, there are no effective methods to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in food. Colicins are nonantibiotic antimicrobial proteins, produced by E. coli strains that kill or inhibit the growth of other E. coli strains. Several colicins are highly effective against key EHEC strains. Here we demonstrate very high levels of colicin expression (up to 3 g/kg of fresh biomass) in tobacco and edible plants (spinach and leafy beets) at costs that will allow commercialization. Among the colicins examined, plant-expressed colicin M had the broadest antimicrobial activity against EHEC and complemented the potency of other colicins. A mixture of colicin M and colicin E7 showed very high activity against all major EHEC strains, as defined by the US Department of Agriculture/Food and Drug Administration. Treatments with low (less than 10 mg colicins per L) concentrations reduced the pathogenic bacterial load in broth culture by 2 to over 6 logs depending on the strain. In experiments using meats spiked with E. coli O157:H7, colicins efficiently reduced the population of the pathogen by at least 2 logs. Plant-produced colicins could be effectively used for the broad control of pathogenic E. coli in both plant- and animal-based food products and, in the United States, colicins could be approved using the generally recognized as safe (GRAS) regulatory approval pathway.
Small Boxes Big Data: A Deep Learning Approach to Optimize Variable Sized Bin Packing (2017)

Bin Packing problems have been widely studied because of their broad applications in different domains. Known as a set of NP-hard problems, they have different variations and many heuristics have been proposed for obtaining approximate solutions. Specifically, for the 1D variable sized bin packing problem, the two key sets of optimization heuristics are the bin assignment and the bin allocation. Usually the performance of a single static optimization heuristic can not beat that of a dynamic one which is tailored for each bin packing instance. Building such an adaptive system requires modeling the relationship between bin features and packing perform profiles. The primary drawbacks of traditional AI machine learnings for this task are the natural limitations of feature engineering, such as the curse of dimensionality and feature selection quality. We introduce a deep learning approach to overcome the drawbacks by applying a large training data set, auto feature selection and fast, accurate labeling. We show in this paper how to build such a system by both theoretical formulation and engineering practices. Our prediction system achieves up to 89% training accuracy and 72% validation accuracy to select the best heuristic that can generate a better quality bin packing solution.
Highly reliable, high speed and low power NAND flash memory-based Solid State Drives (SSDs) (2012)

SSDs and emerging storage class non-volatile semiconductor memories such as PCRAM, FeRAM, RRAM and MRAM have enabled innovations in various nano-scale VLSI memory systems for personal computers, multimedia applications and enterprise servers. This paper provides a comprehensive review on various state-of-the-art memory system architectures and related memory circuits for the highly reliable, high speed and low power NAND flash memory based SSDs.
Efficacy of Nivolumab in Pediatric Cancers with High Mutation Burden and Mismatch Repair Deficiency (2023)

Nivolumab resulted in durable responses and prolonged survival for the first time in a pediatric trial of refractory hypermutated cancers including malignant gliomas. Novel biomarkers identified here need to be translated rapidly to clinical care to identify children who can benefit from checkpoint inhibitors, including upfront management of cancer. See related commentary by Mardis, p. 4701.
Photonic crystal nanocavities and waveguides (2002)

Fabrication of optical structures has evolved to a precision which allows us to control light within etched nanostructures. Nano-optic cavities can be used for efficient and flexible concentration of light in small volumes, and control over both emission wavelength and frequency. Conversely, if a periodic pattern is defined in the top semitransparent metal layer by lithography, it is possible to efficiently couple out the light out of a semiconductor and to simultaneously enhance the spontaneous emission rate. Here we demonstrate the use of photonic crystals for efficient light localization and light extraction.
The Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein of Bacteriophage T4 (2019)

The product of gene 32 has been shows to be involve in T4 Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) replication, molecular and genetic recombination, and the repair of ultraviolet light induced damage in T4 DNA. The protein might simply bind to and protect regions of single–stranded DNA (ssDNA) which are transiently produced during the processes of replication, recombination, and repair. A protein that tightly bound ssDNA is absent from lysates of cells infected with a nonsense mutant of gene 32 and present in all other mutant infections tested. The temperature sensitive mutations map within the first one–third of the protein. The aminoterminal region and the carboxyterminal region are each primarily alpha–helical. Additional experiments showed a decrease in the amount of single–stranded DNA in gene 32 mutant infections compared to wild type infections. The most important functions of gp32 are facilitation of strand displacement, stimulation of lagging strand synthesis, and protection of ssDNA against nucleolytic attack.
Photoreactions of organic halides, alcohols, and olefins with tetrakis(pyrophosphito)diplatinate(II) (1989)

The photoreactions of [Pt2(P2O5H2)4] 4- (Pt2) with organic halides (RX), alcohols (RR′CHOH), and olefins have been investigated. The second-order rate constants (kq) for the reactions of 3A2u Pt2 (3Pt2*) with these substrates have been determined by Stern-Volmer quenching experiments. With RX, the kq values increase with decreasing C-X bond strength. Flash-photolysis experiments establish that the primary step of the photoreactions of Pt2 with RX is halogen atom transfer. Broad-band irradiation of RR′CHOH (λ &gt; 300 nm) in the presence of Pt2 leads to the production of an aldehyde or ketone and molecular hydrogen. The kq values for aliphatic and benzylic alcohols range from 104 to 106 M-1 s-1, being highest with benzyl alcohol. Flash-photolysis experiments confirm that the first step in these reactions is H-atom transfer. Photoisomerizations of cis- and trans-stilbenes are sensitized by Pt2. © 1989 American Chemical Society.
Radiographic Hip Anatomy Correlates With Range of Motion and Symptoms in National Hockey League Players (2017)

Hip anatomy in NHL players is characterized by highly prevalent cam-type morphology (>85%) and acetabular retroversion (>60%). In addition, acetabular dysplasia (21%) was relatively common. Greater cam-type morphology correlated with decreased hip range of motion, and a positive crossover sign correlated with increased hip abduction. Decreased hip external rotation and total arc of motion were predictive of hip-related pain and/or surgery.
Peroxide Reactions with Anion-exchanged Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts (2002)

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are inorganic anion exchangers with basic surface properties. Combination of these LDHs with d0 oxy-anions leads to a class of oxidatively stable and leak-free heterogeneous oxidation catalysts. Using peroxides as the oxidant, WO4 2--LDH and V10O28 6--LDH catalyze epoxidations; WO4 2--LDH effects bromide oxidation and bromide-assisted epoxidation; MoO4 2--LDH is an inorganic generator of 1O2 from H2O2. The properties of these LDH catalysts can be finely adjusted in order to perform synthetically useful reactions.
Improved erbium-doped fiber amplifiers employing chirped fiber gratings as ASE rejection filters for WDM transmission (2005)

Summary form only given. In summary, we have developed the chirped fiber grating optimisation as amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) rejection filters in Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs), and confirmed a significant improvement in the optical SNR in WDM transmission by simulations and experiments.
Bradykinin B 1 Receptor Mediates Inhibition of Neointima Formation in Rat Artery After Balloon Angioplasty (2000)

We evaluated the effects of the kallikrein-kinin system on the proliferation and migration of primary cultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in vitro and neointima formation in balloon-injured rat carotid arteries in vivo. In cultured rat VSMCs, tissue kallikrein inhibited cell proliferation, and this inhibitory effect was blocked by Sar-Tyr-Aca(epsilon)-Lys [D-betaNal(7), Ile(8)]-des-Arg(9)-bradykinin, a bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist, and by icatibant, a bradykinin B(2) receptor antagonist. Platelet-derived growth factor significantly increased the expression of the B(1) receptor but not the B(2) receptor in VSMCs. Platelet-derived growth factor-induced cell migration was significantly attenuated by des-Arg(9)-bradykinin and to a lesser degree by bradykinin. Endogenous B(1) receptor mRNA increased in rat carotid arteries after balloon angioplasty. After local delivery of adenovirus carrying the human tissue kallikrein gene into the rat carotid artery, we observed a 54% reduction in the intima/media ratio at the injured site compared with the control ratio (n=7, P:<0.01). Administration of the B(1) receptor antagonist via minipumps blocked the protective effect of kallikrein and partially reversed the intima/media ratio toward the control ratio. Kallikrein gene delivery results in the regeneration of endothelium compared with the control groups, and the B(1) receptor antagonist abolished this effect. Nitrite/nitrate, cGMP, and cAMP levels in balloon-injured arteries significantly increased after kallikrein gene delivery, whereas the B(1) receptor antagonist abolished these increases (n=4 or 5, P:<0.05). These results indicate that the B(1) receptor contributes to the reduction of neointima formation via the promotion of reendothelialization and inhibition of VSMC proliferation and migration through NO-cGMP and cAMP signaling pathways. This study provides significant implications in treating restenosis after revascularization.
A MEMS Coriolis-Based Mass-Flow-to-Digital Converter with $100\mu\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{h}/\surd\text{Hz}$ Noise i Floor and Zero Stability of $\pm$ 0.35mg/h (2022)

Flow sensors with high resolution <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(&lt;200\mu\mathrm{g}/\mathrm{h}/\surd\text{Hz})$</tex> and low offset drift <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(&lt;\pm 0.4\text{mg}/\mathrm{h})$</tex> are essential in many microfluidic applications, such as flow cytometry and biological/chemical assays. Although thermal flow sensors can meet these specifications [1], [2], they measure flow velocity, so their calibration is fluid specific. Coriolis flow sensors [3]–[5] are a promising alternative because they measure mass flow and density regardless of fluid type, thus offering more flexibility. However, this has typically been at the expense of lower resolution, offset drift, and large footprint. This paper presents a mass-flow-to-digital converter ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\phi$</tex> DC) based on a MEMS Coriolis mass flow sensor and a dedicated readout IC (ROIC). Compared to the state-of-the-art [5], it is more compact and has a digital output. Furthermore, it achieves a 3x improvement in resolution (100 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\mu$</tex> g/h/ <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\surd$</tex> Hz) and a more than 2 <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\times$</tex> improvement in zero stability ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\pm$</tex> 0.35mg/h}.