gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speech Enhancement Using Polynomial Eigenvalue Decomposition (2019)

Speech enhancement is important for applications such as telecommunications, hearing aids, automatic speech recognition and voice-controlled system. The enhancement algorithms aim to reduce interfering noise while minimizing any speech distortion. In this work for speech enhancement, we propose to use polynomial matrices in order to exploit the spatial, spectral as well as temporal correlations between the speech signals received by the microphone array. Polynomial matrices provide the necessary mathematical framework in order to exploit constructively the spatial correlations within and between sensor pairs, as well as the spectral-temporal correlations of broadband signals, such as speech. Specifically, the polynomial eigenvalue decomposition (PEVD) decorrelates simultaneously in space, time and frequency. We then propose a PEVD-based speech enhancement algorithm. Simulations and informal listening examples have shown that our method achieves noise reduction without introducing artefacts into the enhanced signal for white, babble and factory noise conditions between -10 dB to 30 dB SNR.
PIC-MCC∕Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O[sub 2] Plasma (2011)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Kallol Bera, Shahid Rauf, Ken Collins; PIC‐MCC/Fluid Hybrid Model for Low Pressure Capacitively Coupled O2 Plasma. AIP Conf. Proc. 20 May 2011; 1333 (1): 1027–1032. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3562780 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioAIP Conference Proceedings Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Superoxide Reductase from Desulfoarculus baarsii: Reaction Mechanism and Role of Glutamate 47 and Lysine 48 in Catalysis† (2001)

Superoxide reductase (SOR) is a small metalloenzyme that catalyzes reduction of O(2)(*)(-) to H(2)O(2) and thus provides an antioxidant mechanism against superoxide radicals. Its active site contains an unusual mononuclear ferrous center, which is very efficient during electron transfer to O(2)(*)(-) [Lombard, M., Fontecave, M., Touati, D., and Nivière, V. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 115-121]. The reaction of the enzyme from Desulfoarculus baarsii with superoxide was studied by pulse radiolysis methods. The first step is an extremely fast bimolecular reaction of superoxide reductase with superoxide, with a rate constant of (1.1 +/- 0.3) x 10(9) M(-1) s(-1). A first intermediate is formed which is converted to a second one at a much slower rate constant of 500 +/- 50 s(-1). Decay of the second intermediate occurs with a rate constant of 25 +/- 5 s(-1). These intermediates are suggested to be iron-superoxide and iron-peroxide species. Furthermore, the role of glutamate 47 and lysine 48, which are the closest charged residues to the vacant sixth iron coordination site, has been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutation of glutamate 47 into alanine has no effect on the rates of the reaction. On the contrary, mutation of lysine 48 into an isoleucine led to a 20-30-fold decrease of the rate constant of the bimolecular reaction, suggesting that lysine 48 plays an important role during guiding and binding of superoxide to the iron center II. In addition, we report that expression of the lysine 48 sor mutant gene hardly restored to a superoxide dismutase-deficient Escherichia coli mutant the ability to grow under aerobic conditions.
Characteristic O2-Binding of Lipidprotoheme in Phospholipid Bilayer Membrane (1995)

Abstract A protoporphyrin IX derivative having three long alkyl chains and an axial imidazole (lipidprotoporphyrin) was homogeneously embedded into the bilayer membrane of the phospholipid vesicle. The O2-binding affinity of the lipidprotoheme was affected by the phase transition of the bilayer membrane, reflecting the change in the O2-association rate constant.
Biophysical Mapping of the Adenosine A2A Receptor (2011)

A new approach to generating information on ligand receptor interactions within the binding pocket of G protein-coupled receptors has been developed, called Biophysical Mapping (BPM). Starting from a stabilized receptor (StaR), minimally engineered for thermostability, additional single mutations are then added at positions that could be involved in small molecule interactions. The StaR and a panel of binding site mutants are captured onto Biacore chips to enable characterization of the binding of small molecule ligands using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) measurement. A matrix of binding data for a set of ligands versus each active site mutation is then generated, providing specific affinity and kinetic information (K(D), k(on), and k(off)) of receptor-ligand interactions. This data set, in combination with molecular modeling and docking, is used to map the small molecule binding site for each class of compounds. Taken together, the many constraints provided by these data identify key protein-ligand interactions and allow the shape of the site to be refined to produce a high quality three-dimensional picture of ligand binding, thereby facilitating structure based drug design. Results of biophysical mapping of the adenosine A(2A) receptor are presented.
All optical signal level swapping and multilevel amplitude noise mitigation based on different regions of optical parametric amplification (2016)

All optical signal level swapping and multilevel amplitude noise mitigation are experimentally demonstrated using the three gain regions of optical parametric amplification, i.e., linear, saturation, and inversion. The two-amplitude-shift-keying and eight-quadrature-amplitude-modulation optical communication systems with baud rates of both 10 and 20 Gbaud have been employed to demonstrate the proposed approaches. Less than 1% error-vector-magnitude degradation is observed after signal level swapping. For amplitude noise mitigation, a more than 20% decrease in amplitude error is confirmed.
Joint Diversity- and Rate-Control for Video Transmission on Multi-Antenna Channels (2007)

Video transmitted over fading wireless channels incurs both encoder-induced distortion and distortion caused by transmission errors. To address these problems, we propose a framework to transmit video reliably over a multi-antenna wireless system. No assumptions are made about specific video-coding standards, except that the encoder employs some variation of motion-compensated block-transform coding. To minimize the total distortion, the scheme optimizes the recently- derived diversity and multiplexing trade-off available on multi-antenna systems. Moreover, this is done jointly with loss-aware rate-distortion optimization (LA-RDO) techniques at the video encoder. Besides minimizing distortion, the algorithm also ensures that delay and buffer constraints are satisfied for real-time transport. We show that problem can be modelled as a short sequence of geometric programs. The overall complexity is linear in the number of antennas. Numerical results with H.264-coded video show that the PSNR at the video-decoder can be improved by various amounts, depending on antenna configuration.
New methods for evaluating neuromuscular properties in rehabilitation and sports medicine (2005)

The assessment of muscle strength, power, range of motion, stiffness and flexibility is important in exercise science. Similarly, evaluation of neuromuscular behaviour is of extreme relevance and interest in the field of rehabilitation of the sport injures. Furthermore, the evaluation utilised to follow up the training program could be used, in case of injures or surgery as clinical basic data for assist and programming rehabilitation exercises. In providing this information it is important that the test modality used has relevance to the performance of interest. In this contest both dynamic and isometric muscular activation have been employed for tests and evaluation assessments.
Validity of mobility universality for scaled metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors down to 100 nm gate length (2002)

Mobility universality, confirmed for long-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs), is demonstrated to be preserved for scaled MOSFET technologies down to 100 nm gate length, although phenomena such as quantum-mechanical and poly-silicon depletion effects play important roles. This result was obtained by applying a compact model based on the drift-diffusion approximation and relying only on Ids–Vgs measurements instead of using a conventional method with supplemental Cgate–Vgs measurements. It is confirmed that the carrier mobility is still governed by the electric field applied, and that the drift-diffusion approximation remains valid down to channel length of 100 nm. Consequently, the carrier behavior of such scaled small-size MOSFETs can be precisely described by simple analytical equations, which is important for the development of efficient circuit-simulation models.
A Simple Synthetic Protocol for the Protection of Amides, Lactams, Ureas, and Carbamates. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
In situ imaging of ultra-fast loss of nanostructure in nanoparticle aggregates (2014)

The word “nanoparticle” nominally elicits a vision of an isolated sphere; however, the vast bulk of nanoparticulate material exists in an aggregated state. This can have significant implications for applications such as combustion, catalysis, and optical excitation, where particles are exposed to high temperature and rapid heating conditions. In such environments, particles become susceptible to morphological changes which can reduce surface area, often to the detriment of functionality. Here, we report on thermally-induced coalescence which can occur in aluminum nanoparticle aggregates subjected to rapid heating (106–1011 K/s). Using dynamic transmission electron microscopy, we observed morphological changes in nanoparticle aggregates occurring in as little as a few nanoseconds after the onset of heating. The time-resolved probes reveal that the morphological changes initiate within 15 ns and are completed in less than 50 ns. The morphological changes were found to have a threshold temperature of about 1300 ± 50 K, as determined by millisecond-scale experiments with a calibrated heating stage. The temperature distribution of aggregates during laser heating was modeled with various simulation approaches. The results indicate that, under rapid heating conditions, coalescence occurs at an intermediate temperature between the melting points of aluminum and the aluminum oxide shell, and proceeds rapidly once this threshold temperature is reached.
PAK4 and NAMPT as Novel Therapeutic Targets in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma, and Mantle Cell Lymphoma (2021)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), grade 3b follicular lymphoma (FL), and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) are aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHL). Cure rates are suboptimal and novel treatment strategies are needed to improve outcomes. Here, we show that p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) and nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT) is critical for lymphoma subsistence. Dual targeting of PAK4-NAMPT by the Phase I small molecule KPT-9274 suppressed cell proliferation in DLBCL, FL, and MCL. Growth inhibition was concurrent with apoptosis induction alongside activation of pro-apoptotic proteins and reduced pro-survival markers. We observed NAD suppression, ATP reduction, and consequent cellular metabolic collapse in lymphoma cells due to KPT-9274 treatment. KPT-9274 in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapeutics led to superior inhibition of cell proliferation. In vivo, KPT-9274 could markedly suppress the growth of WSU-DLCL2 (DLBCL), Z-138, and JeKo-1 (MCL) sub-cutaneous xenografts, and a remarkable increase in host life span was shown, with a 50% cure of a systemic WSU-FSCCL (FL) model. Residual tumor analysis confirmed a reduction in total and phosphorylated PAK4 and activation of the pro-apoptotic cascade. This study, using various preclinical experimental models, demonstrates the therapeutic potential of targeting PAK4-NAMPT in DLBCL, FL, and MCL. The orally bioavailable, safe, and efficacious PAK4-NAMPT dual inhibitor KPT-9274 warrants further clinical investigation.
Progress in scaling-up silicon heterojunction solar cells: 16% efficiency obtained on 125 PS monocrystalline silicon (2009)

In this work, we have studied the scalability of our fabrication process for heterojunction solar cells up to 148.5 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> total area. Double heterojunction devices were fabricated on both n- and p-type textured substrates using only doped (n) and (p) a-Si:H layers. ITO was used as anti-reflective coating and evaporated Aluminum as the metallic back contact. Finally, an Ag grid was screen-printed at the front side. Efficiencies higher than 16% have been obtained in both cases demonstrating the homogeneity and robustness of our fabrication process for larger substrates. Nevertheless, there is still room for improvement especially in terms of passivation, the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">oc</sub> values are still low (<640 mV), though it is a promising result considering that no intrinsic layer has been used.
Investigating the influence of aromatic moieties on the formulation of hydrophobic natural products and drugs in poly(2-oxazoline) based amphiphiles (2018)

Many natural compounds with interesting biomedical properties share one physicochemical property, namely a low water solubility. Polymer micelles are, among others, a popular means to solubilize hydrophobic compounds. The specific molecular interactions between the polymers and the hydrophobic drugs are diverse and recently it has been discussed that macromolecular engineering can be used to optimize drug loaded micelles. Specifically, π-π stacking between small molecules and polymers has been discussed as an important interaction that can be employed to increase drug loading and formulation stability. Here, we test this hypothesis using four different polymer amphiphiles with varying aromatic content and various natural products that also contain different relative amounts of aromatic moieties. While in the case of paclitaxel, having the lowest relative content of aromatic moieties, the drug loading decreases with increasing relative aromatic amount in the polymer, the drug loading of curcumin, having a much higher relative aromatic content, is increased. Interestingly, the loading using schizandrin A, a dibenzo[a,c]cyclooctadiene lignan with intermediate relative aromatic content is not influenced significantly by the aromatic content of the polymers employed. The very high drug loading, long term stability, the ability to form stable highly loaded binary coformulations in different drug combinations, small sized formulations and amorphous structures in all cases, corroborate earlier reports that poly(2-oxazoline) based micelles exhibit an extraordinarily high drug loading and are promising candidates for further biomedical applications. The presented results underline that the interaction between the polymers and the incorporated small molecules are complex and must be investigated in every specific case.
Predictions of separation discrimination for multipoles (1987)

The challenge in modeling spatial vision is to predict resolution acuity and separation acuity (hyperacuity) in a variety of different conditions. Our viewprint model 1 successfully predicts thresholds for a high-contrast three-line bisection task. We now apply the viewprint model to a variety of two-multipole separation tasks. Several parameters were varied: contrast; stimulus blur; multipole type (ramp, edge, line, dipole, and quadrupole); polarity (opposite polarity edges, for example, correspond to a bar); and viewprint blur (to simulate sparse sampling). Three regimes of separation are found, each with different dependence on the above parameters. The resolution regime, for the smallest separations, is quite sensitive to most of the parameters varied. The null point regime between 2 and 10 min is relatively independent of parameter manipulations. The large separation regime requires modification of the model to take into account the cortical sampling grain. Our predictions will be compared to psychophysical separation thresholds for the same and opposite polarity lines in several blur and contrast conditions. To a first approximation there is good agreement between theory and experiment including some counterintuitive results.
Erratum to: Study of dijet events with a large rapidity gap between the two leading jets in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=7\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$ (2020)

Events with no charged particles produced between the two leading jets are studied in proton-proton collisions at
The Development of Improved Cationic Lipids for Gene Transfer Into Cystic Fibrosis Airway Epithelial Cells (1996)

Abstract: Intermediate 4 is unstable and rearranges into 5. Substitution of chlorine atoms in 5 by dialkylamino groups gives 8 and 9. 8 reacts with TEA to give phosphaalkene 10, which slowly dimerizes into 11. Methylenephosphinophosphorane 9 shows unusual properties. It adds isocyanates to two phosphorus atoms to give zwitterionic structural isomers 12a,b. The structure of 12a was resolved by X-ray analysis. 9 reacts with azides unexpectedly giving the zwitterionic product 13. Reaction of 9 with hexafluoroacetone is unusual and leads to the ylid 14a,b. According to the X-ray data it exists in zwitterionic form 14b and displays a new type of coordination at phosphorus atom. HFA can react in a similar way with other phosphines. For example, with 15 it gives the double ylid 16.
Synthèse de carbasucres par réaction de Diels-Alder intramoléculaire asymétrique (2002)

The prevalence of e-cigarette use among adult asthmatics has continued to increase over time. Smoking status was the most consistent predictor of e-cigarette use among all age groups in this asthmatic population.
Macrophage-derived netrin-1 drives adrenergic nerve–associated lung fibrosis (2021)

Fibrosis is a macrophage-driven process of uncontrolled extracellular matrix accumulation. Neuronal guidance proteins such as netrin-1 promote inflammatory scarring. We found that macrophage-derived netrin-1 stimulates fibrosis through its neuronal guidance functions. In mice, fibrosis due to inhaled bleomycin engendered netrin-1-expressing macrophages and fibroblasts, remodeled adrenergic nerves, and augmented noradrenaline. Cell-specific knockout mice showed that collagen accumulation, fibrotic histology, and nerve-associated endpoints required netrin-1 of macrophage but not fibroblast origin. Adrenergic denervation; haploinsufficiency of netrin-1's receptor, deleted in colorectal carcinoma; and therapeutic α1 adrenoreceptor antagonism improved collagen content and histology. An idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lung microarray data set showed increased netrin-1 expression. IPF lung tissues were enriched for netrin-1+ macrophages and noradrenaline. A longitudinal IPF cohort showed improved survival in patients prescribed α1 adrenoreceptor blockade. This work showed that macrophages stimulate lung fibrosis via netrin-1-driven adrenergic processes and introduced α1 blockers as a potentially new fibrotic therapy.
Incorporation, Release, and Effectiveness of Dexamethasone in Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles for Inner Ear Drug Delivery (2011)

Poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) particles have been widely used as drug delivery carriers for a variety of payloads. Three forms of dexamethasone (DEX), namely, acetate, base, and phosphate, were incorporated into a PLGA matrix. First, we compared the drug loading efficiency and release kinetics of drug-loaded PLGA particles. Dexamethasone acetate (DEX-Ac) loaded particles exhibited a higher loading efficiency and a more linear release profile of drug as compared with the other forms of DEX particles. Also, we coincorporated oleic acid-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with DEX-Ac into PLGA submicron particles. No differences in size, zeta potential, drug loading, or release kinetics were found between particles prepared with and without SPION. Additionally, particles were applied to an in vitro cochlear, organotypic culture. DEX-Ac PLGA nanoparticles showed a protective effect against 4-hydroxynonenal induced hair cell damage. These results suggest a promising method for inner ear magnetic targeted treatment.
Interactive 3D modeling of indoor environments with a consumer depth camera (2011)

Detailed 3D visual models of indoor spaces, from walls and floors to objects and their configurations, can provide extensive knowledge about the environments as well as rich contextual information of people living therein. Vision-based 3D modeling has only seen limited success in applications, as it faces many technical challenges that only a few experts understand, let alone solve. In this work we utilize (Kinect style) consumer depth cameras to enable non-expert users to scan their personal spaces into 3D models. We build a prototype mobile system for 3D modeling that runs in real-time on a laptop, assisting and interacting with the user on-the-fly. Color and depth are jointly used to achieve robust 3D registration. The system offers online feedback and hints, tolerates human errors and alignment failures, and helps to obtain complete scene coverage. We show that our prototype system can both scan large environments (50 meters across) and at the same time preserve fine details (centimeter accuracy). The capability of detailed 3D modeling leads to many promising applications such as accurate 3D localization, measuring dimensions, and interactive visualization.
Role of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of Micturition Reflex in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease (2015)

These results suggest that anterior cingulate cortex neurons have an inhibitory role in bladder control. Neural activity in the anterior cingulate cortex was significantly increased along with suppression of bladder overactivity after ZM241385 administration in the Parkinson's disease model and the stimulation of the anterior cingulate cortex inhibited the micturition reflex. Understanding the roles of the anterior cingulate cortex in the modulation of micturition could provide further insights into the pathophysiology of overactive bladder.
Wireless Multihop Networks with Stealing: Large Buffer Asymptotics via the Ray Method (2011)

Wireless networks equipped with CSMA are scheduled in a fully distributed manner. A disadvantage of such distributed control in multihop networks is the hidden node problem, which causes the effect of stealing, in which a downstream node steals the channel from an upstream node with probability p. Aziz, Starobinski, and Thiran [IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking, to appear] have recently shown that the N-hop model with stealing is stable only in the case $N=3$ and $p\in(0,1]$. This 3-hop model can be represented as a random walk in the quarter plane. We derive various asymptotic expressions for the stationary large buffer probabilities of the 3-hop model that capture the effect of p. We mainly rely on the ray method, and we show how this method is related to the compensation approach and singularity analysis.
Effect of standing and sitting positions on energy expenditure in people with transtibial amputation compared to age- and sex-matched controls (2021)

Energy expenditure in standing, when measured relative to EE in sitting, is significantly greater in people with amputation. This result indicates that additional energy may be required to maintain an upright position with a lower-limb prosthesis.