gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical accuracy QRS detector with automatic parameter adjustment in an autonomous, real-time physiologic monitor (2017)

This paper presents a computationally and temporal data-compact QRS complex detection algorithm useful in embedded real-time electrocardiogram (ECG) waveform analysis. The aim of the compact algorithms is to provide high sensitivity and specificity, i.e. diagnostically useful QRS waveform detection, in a continuous ambulatory monitor setting. The proposed detector uses a multi-level approach: QRS highlighting by means of a Truncated Discrete Time Stockwell Transform (TDTST), peak discrimination, and a trained Neural Network to reduce the number of false positive QRS detections. An optimization method is presented that automatically adjust the detector's parameters to minimize the computational cost. Results demonstrate that the compact TDTST algorithm exhibits high QRS detection accuracy, an error rate of 0.31%, and remains applicable to real-time embedded physiologic ambulatory monitors.
A Structural Continuum Constitutive Model for a Two-Phase Soft Tissue (2010)

Due to the complexity in determining multi-constituent tissue properties, most structural constitutive models for soft tissues focus on a single constituent. However, many tissues contain multiple load-bearing constituents, such as collagen fibers and smooth muscle (SM) cells. Moreover, to elucidate how observed changes in tissue components are related to altered net mechanical behavior at the tissue level, structural constitutive models require physiological relevant model parameters and formulations for changes in referential configuration when one component is physically removed. As an excellent example application that underscores these issues, we have examined the urinary bladder wall (UBW), which undergoes large deformations and exhibits highly nonlinear and anisotropic mechanical behavior [1,2]. Moreover, it undergoes profound remodeling in response to different pathologies such as spinal cord injury (SCI) [1,2].
Reliability modeling of RAID storage systems with latent errors (2009)

The reliability of disk storage systems is adversely affected by the presence of latent sector errors. Disk scrubbing and intradisk redundancy are two schemes proposed to cope with unrecoverable or latent media errors and enhance the reliability of RAID storage systems. Two recent studies have investigated the effectiveness of these schemes, but they have reached opposing conclusions. These studies were conducted using two different modeling approaches. We present a detailed investigation which reveals that this discrepancy originates from the difference in the approach adopted, and the level of detail incorporated by the two models. We show that, as a consequence, these models provide reliability results which may differ by orders of magnitude therefore leading to contradicting conclusions. We develop a common analytical framework within which we investigate the details, merits, weaknesses, and applicability of each model. We resolve this discrepancy by deriving enhanced models that incorporate inherent characteristics of the latent-error process and provide realistic reliability results that are in good agreement. We subsequently reassess the reliability results and conclusions presented in previous studies regarding the disk scrubbing and the intradisk redundancy scheme.
A high efficiency low cost direct battery balancing circuit using a multi-winding transformer with reduced switch count (2012)

This paper presents a simple circuit for balancing battery cells. The circuit is composed of one low voltage MOSFET for each battery cell and a multi-winding transformer for a group of battery cells. Only one identical gate drive signal for all the MOSFETs is needed to control the balance current. Energy can be directly transferred from higher voltage cells to lower voltage cells. The balancing circuit can achieve ideal balance results as long as the multi-winding transformer has ideal symmetry. Other circuit components' asymmetry would only affect the balance speed. Simulation results are given to show the effectiveness. A circuit for balancing a four-cell battery group is tested. The experiment shows the energy transfer efficiency is up to 93% between cell energy transfers.
Identification and control of a continuously variable transmission for bicycles (2013)

With the advent of Electrically Pedal Assisted Cycles (EPACs), bicycles are becoming more and more technologically advanced, and active control systems are being developed to deal both with rideability enhancement and with energy management features. Within this context, this paper investigates the design of the control system for a continuously variable transmission, that allows a fine regulation of the transmission ratio and can thus improve the riding feeling with respect to a standard bicycle gear system. This control system is to be seen as the enabling step to design higher-level control systems that will allow to optimize the rider's effort in an EPAC, by designing a gear shifting policy which achieves the best trade-off between energy consumption and rideability. Experimental results are presented which witness the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Laser micromachining as a metallization tool for microfluidic polymer stacks (2013)

A novel assembly approach for the integration of metal structures into polymeric microfluidic systems is described. The presented production process is completely based on a single solid-state laser source, which is used to incorporate metal foils into a polymeric multi-layer stack by laser bonding and ablation processes. Chemical reagents or glues are not required. The polymer stack contains a flexible membrane which can be used for realizing microfluidic valves and pumps. The metal-to-polymer bond was investigated for different metal foils and plasma treatments, yielding a maximum peel strength of Rps = 1.33 N mm−1. A minimum structure size of 10 µm was determined by 3D microscopy of the laser cut line. As an example application, two different metal foils were used in combination to micromachine a standardized type-T thermocouple on a polymer substrate. An additional laser process was developed which allows metal-to-metal welding in close vicinity to the polymer substrate. With this process step, the reliability of the electrical contact could be increased to survive at least 400 PCR temperature cycles at very low contact resistances.
ChemInform Abstract: Water Mediated Heck and Ullmann Couplings by Supported Palladium Nanoparticles: Importance of Surface Polarity of the Carbon Spheres. (2013)

Abstract The title nanoparticles catalyze the Heck coupling reactions of aryl halides with alkenes under phosphine‐free as well as aerobic conditions.
Precise revolution control in three-dimensional off-axis trapping with single Laguerre-Gaussian beam (2015)

We report the precise study of orbital angular momentum transfer from Laguerre-Gaussian (LG) beams to submicrometer-sized dielectric spheres. Stable three-dimensional off-axis trapping of the spheres was achieved and confirmed by the constant behavior of the sphere’s revolution radius against the trapping LG-beam power. By measuring the revolutions of the sphere that was trapped and revolved in mid-water, we confirmed excellent linearity between the revolution rate and the trapping light free from the hydrodynamic coupling with walls of a sample chamber. This result suggests a torque source of precise controllability, which will contribute to the study of biological molecules, nonequilibrium statistical physics, and micromachines.
Strain relaxation effect by nanotexturing InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (2010)

The relaxation of lattice-mismatched strain by deep postetching was systematically investigated for InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs). A planar heterojunction wafer, which included an In0.21Ga0.79N (3.2 nm)/GaN (14.8 nm) MQW, was etched by inductively coupled plasma dry etching, to fabricate high-density nanopillar, nanostripe, and nanohole arrays. The etching depth was 570 nm for all nanostructures. The diameter of the nanopillars was varied from 50 to 300 nm, then the mesa stripe width of the nanostripes and the diameter of the nanoholes were varied from 100 nm to 440 nm and 50 nm to 310 nm, respectively. The effect of strain relaxation on various optical properties was investigated. For example, in an array of nanopillars with diameter 130 nm and interval 250 nm, a large blueshift in the photoluminescence (PL) emission peak from 510 nm (as-grown) to 459 nm occurred at room temperature (RT). PL internal quantum efficiency (defined by the ratio of PL integral intensity at 300 K to that at 4.2 K) was enhanced from 34% (as-grown) to 60%, and the PL decay time at 4.2 K was reduced from 22 ns (as-grown) to 4.2 ns. These results clearly indicate the reduction of lattice-mismatched strain by postetching, which enhanced strain reduction with decreasing nanopillar diameter down to a diameter of 130 nm, where the strain reduction became saturated. The dependence of RT-PL decay time on nanopillar diameter was measured, and the surface nonradiative recombination velocity was estimated to be 5.8×102 cm/s. This relatively slow rate indicates a little etching damage.
Triple Dislocation in the Upper Limb (1987)

A case of dislocation of the elbow and index finger PIP joints, in association with a fracture dislocation of the radiocarpal joint in the same limb, is presented. We found no previous reports of this combination of injuries. There were no neurovascular complications.
FarmBeats: Automating Data Aggregation (2018)

Digital agriculture offers one of the most promising approaches to address the challenge of sustainably increasing food production by 70% by 2050 (from 2010 production levels). Using the latest advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), the farmer can be empowered with predictions that can improve farm processes, from planning until harvest. Satellite data and remote sensing techniques can provide agricultural insights, by using advanced image processing algorithms and AI algorithms on multiple spectral bands in satellite imagery to estimate crop health. However, satellite imagery alone is unable to capture all the data from the farms. Recent work has investigated the use of in-field sensors and imagery to complement satellite data, along with unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), cameras and sensors on tractors. These data are streamed to the cloud using the latest Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, where they are processed to provide valuable insights to the farmer. However, there are two key challenges in enabling this IoT-enabled vision of data-driven farming. First is the ability to get data from the farm, as most farms have poor Internet connectivity. The second is how to make data from different modalities actionable by the farmers. The heterogeneous sensor streams need to be merged and analysed together with satellite data. In addition, data collection and analysis need to be done in a way that does not add to the farmer’s workload, but instead streamline efficiency. The FarmBeats solution at Microsoft uses new technologies, such as TV white spaces and Azure IoT Edge, to collect large amounts of data from the farm via sensors, tractors, cameras, drones and other devices. FarmBeats then develops new AI & ML algorithms (trained on this data), along with any available remote sensing data, to provide unique, actionable insights to farmers which can improve productivity.
Characteristics of ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 thin films grown by “flash” MOCVD (1997)

Abstract A chemical vapor deposition process for the ferroelectric SrBi2Ta2O9 has been developed utilizing a liquid delivery and flash vaporization technique. Uniform layered perovskite of SrBi2Ta2O9 was formed over 4 inch wafers by the chemical vapor deposition followed by annealing at 800°C in oxygen ambient. The SrBi2Ta2O9 thin film capacitors showed well saturated hysteresis loops with remanent polarization (2Pr) and coercive field (Ec) of up to 21.3 (μC/cm2) and 47.2 (kV/cm), respectively. The SrBi2Ta2O9 capacitors with platinum electrodes showed fatigue free characteristics after switching of 1×1010 cycles. The chemical vapor deposition technique demonstrated excellent conformal coating of SrBi2Ta2O9 film on 0.5 μm line-and-space patterns. These performances will meet the requirements for high-density nonvolatile memory devices.
Strain Measurement Distributed on a Ground Anchor Bearing Plate by Fiber Optic OFDR Sensor (2018)

The safety of soil slopes reinforced by ground anchors can be evaluated by monitoring the tensile force of the anchors. The tensile force of ground anchors can be determined by measuring the strain of the bearing plate that transfers the tensile force of the anchor to the ground. Therefore, in order to investigate the relation between the strain of the bearing plate and the tensile force of a ground anchor, the strain distributed on the bearing plate was measured by a fiber optic OFDR (optical frequency domain reflectometry) sensor, which was fabricated by a tunable laser source, auxiliary interferometer, and main interferometer. This OFDR sensor was operated through a sweep range of 500 GHz with a spatial resolution of 0.2 mm, and a strain accuracy of approximately 4 με, considering the system noise when operating in 5-cm segments. The sensing fiber was circularly bonded onto the bearing plate using epoxy, and the distributed strain was measured on the bearing plate while increasing the load up to 10 tons. From the experimental results, the difference between the strain near the anchor head and the strain at the far site is significant in the region where compression strain is dominant. However, such a tendency did not appear in areas where bending strain dominates. Therefore, in order to monitor an anchor tensile force, it is necessary to carefully study the calibration factor between the anchor tensile force and the strain of the bearing plate.
Experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping: instrument design (2021)

The experiment for cryogenic large-aperture intensity mapping (EXCLAIM) is a balloon-borne telescope designed to survey star formation in windows from the present to z = 3.5. During this time, the rate of star formation dropped dramatically, while dark matter continued to cluster. EXCLAIM maps the redshifted emission of singly ionized carbon lines and carbon monoxide using intensity mapping, which permits a blind and complete survey of emitting gas through statistics of cumulative brightness fluctuations. EXCLAIM achieves high sensitivity using a cryogenic telescope coupled to six integrated spectrometers employing kinetic inductance detectors covering 420 to 540 GHz with spectral resolving power R = 512 and angular resolution ≈4 arc min. The spectral resolving power and cryogenic telescope allow the survey to access dark windows in the spectrum of emission from the upper atmosphere. EXCLAIM will survey 305 deg2 in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Stripe 82 field from a conventional balloon flight in 2023. EXCLAIM will also map several galactic fields to study carbon monoxide and neutral carbon emission as tracers of molecular gas. We summarize the design phase of the mission.
CINNAMON: Coupled Integration and Nodal Analysis of MOS Networks (1986)

The use of simulation tools to verify the behavior of integrated circuits is a well established technique for circuit design. This paper describes a novel approach for circuit simulation that promises a significant improvement over conventional methods. The algorithm involves an explicit event driven technique that seems stable even when the accuracy of the solution is relaxed, and is able to perform automatic and dynamic partitioning of the network, thus allowing the full exploitation of latency in large digital networks. Although the basic method could be generalized for any type of circuit, in this paper the scope is limited to MOS integrated circuits.
A Wav2vec2-Based Experimental Study on Self-Supervised Learning Methods to Improve Child Speech Recognition (2022)

Despite recent advancements in deep learning technologies, Child Speech Recognition remains a challenging task. Current Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models require substantial amounts of annotated data for training, which is scarce. In this work, we explore using the ASR model, wav2vec2, with different pretraining and finetuning configurations for self-supervised learning (SSL) toward improving automatic child speech recognition. The pretrained wav2vec2 models were finetuned using different amounts of child speech training data, adult speech data, and a combination of both, to discover the optimum amount of data required to finetune the model for the task of child ASR. Our trained model achieves the best Word Error Rate (WER) of 7.42 on the MyST child speech dataset, 2.99 on the PFSTAR dataset and 12.47 on the CMU KIDS dataset as compared to any other previous methods. Our models outperformed the wav2vec2 BASE 960 on child speech which is considered a state-of-the-art ASR model on adult speech by just using 10 hours of child speech data in finetuning. The analysis of different types of training data and their effect on inference is also provided by using a combination of datasets in pretraining, finetuning and inference.
Prion protein mutation at codon 102 in an Italian family with Gerstmann‐Straussler‐Scheinker syndrome (1992)

We present the first family from Italy with the Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome (GSS) and a substitution of leucine for proline at codon 102 of the prion protein gene. This mutation is associated with the ataxic form of GSS in a number of reported families. The clinical presentation of our family includes amyotrophic changes in some affected family members in addition to ataxia.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydroxylated Pyrrolidines from Sugar Lactones: Synthesis of 1,4‐Dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐D‐glucitol from D‐Galactonolactone and Syntheses of 1,4‐Dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐D‐allitol, 1,4‐Dideoxy‐1,4‐imino‐D‐ribitol, and (2S,3R,4S)‐3,4‐Dihydroxyproline from D‐Gulonolactone. (1988)

Abstract The title compounds (VIII), (XII)‐(XIV) are synthesized as outlined in the scheme starting from D‐galactonolactone (I) or D‐gulonolactone (VIII).
NONDAMAGING RETINAL LASER THERAPY FOR TREATMENT OF CENTRAL SEROUS CHORIORETINOPATHY (2016)

Based on the current evidence, NRT demonstrates efficacy and safety in 12-month follow-up in patients with chronic and possibly acute CSCR. The NRT would benefit from better standardization of the laser settings and understanding of mechanisms of action, as well as further prospective randomized clinical trials.
Techno-economic study of very dense optical wireless access using visible or infrared light (2023)

Future wireless networks need to serve a high density of end-user devices with a high quality of service. The density of wireless access points and the infrastructure behind them lead to substantial cost. We study this cost impact for the particular case of optical wireless communication [also denoted as light fidelity (LiFi)] in a large manufacturing hall. We compare different LiFi network topologies using visible or infrared light. Considering aspects such as the fronthaul cabling layout, equipment investments, and installation and operational costs for energy and maintenance, different LiFi solutions are analyzed for greenfield and brownfield scenarios. The techno-economic analysis is performed in terms of total cost of ownership as well as the impact of each cost category to the final cost. Furthermore, the cost per delivered Mbps is compared to take into account the expected densification (more bits/s/m 2 ) and satisfy the demand for future wireless traffic. Both delivered capacity and power consumption have been identified as the two most critical parameters.
Distributed Network Management for Green Wireless Communications (2014)

In order to meet the growing mobile data demand, future networks will be equipped with a multitude of access points (APs) and require the development of decentralized and sustainable radio resource management techniques. It is of critical importance to understand how the distribution of network management and signal processing operations affects the energy efficiency. In this paper, we provide a cross-layer framework to study the energy efficiency of wireless networks under different levels of distribution of the network management: (i) hybrid, where the network management operations are shared between nodes and APs, (ii) centralized, where network management is entirely implemented at the APs, and (iii) fully distributed, where all operations are performed by the nodes. We find that in practical scenarios, hybrid network management outperforms a fully distributed approach and exhibits an energy efficiency gain of 40% and above over a centralized approach.
L’état des connaissances à l’égard des comportements à risque des adolescentes ayant vécu une agression sexuelle (2023)

Bien que plusieurs auteurs aient émis l’hypothèse d’un lien entre l’agression sexuelle (AS) et plusieurs comportements à risque, aucune recension d’études empiriques chez les adolescentes n’a décrit ou analysé les connaissances existantes provenant de la littérature scientifique sur ce sujet. Afin de palier à cette lacune, une recension de 47 études portant sur les comportements à risque des adolescentes qui ont été agressées sexuellement a été effectuée. La consommation d’alcool et de drogues, les conduites sexuelles risquées, les actes délinquants et l’automutilation constituent les comportements à risque qui ont fait l’objet de la présente recension. Dans l’ensemble, il apparaît que les adolescentes qui ont été victimes d’AS sont plus susceptibles de présenter ces comportements à risques que les autres adolescentes. Toutefois, en ce qui concerne les actes délinquants et l’automutilation, les résultats devront être reproduits pour être considérés fiables étant donné le nombre plus restreint d’études et les différentes méthodologies utilisées. Par ailleurs, il semble que certaines caractéristiques familiales et de l’agression ont également une influence sur l’apparition des comportements à risque et peuvent constituer des facteurs de risque et de protection. Les dynamiques psychologiques qui sous-tendent les comportements à risque de même que certains modèles théoriques dans lesquels ces comportements pourraient s’inscrire sont discutés. Des implications cliniques et pistes de recherches futures sont également soulignées.
Mood, Sexuality, Hormones, and the Menstrual Cycle. II. Hormone Levels and Their Relationship to the Premenstrual Syndrome (1983)

In women with premenstrual syndrome, negative changes start soon after ovulation gradually increasing as the corpus luteum develops, and reach a maximum during the last 5 days of the luteal phase. They decline rapidly once menstruation starts, disappearing within one or two days of ovarian steroids reaching baseline levels. Positive moods are at maximum when preovulatory estradiol reaches its peak. A comparison of hormone levels in women with high and low degrees of cyclical mood change showed no difference in progesterone, estradiol, testosterone, or androstenedione.