gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of biomimetic thermoplastic polyurethane/fibroin small‐diameter vascular grafts via a novel electrospinning approach (2017)

A new electrospinning approach for fabricating vascular grafts with a layered, circumferentially aligned, and micro-wavy fibrous structure similar to natural elastic tissues has been developed. The customized electrospinning collector was able to generate wavy fibers using the dynamic "jump rope" collecting process, which also solved the sample removal problem for mandrel-type collectors. In this study, natural silk fibroin and synthetic thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) were combined at different weight ratios to produce hybrid small-diameter vascular grafts. The purpose of combining these two materials was to leverage the bioactivity and tunable mechanical properties of these natural and synthetic materials. Results showed that the electrospun fiber morphology was highly influenced by the material compositions and solvents employed. All of the TPU/fibroin hybrid grafts had mechanical properties comparable to natural blood vessels. The circumferentially aligned and wavy biomimetic configuration provided the grafts with a sufficient toe region and the capacity for long-term usage under repeated dilatation and contraction. Cell culture tests with human endothelial cells (EC) also revealed high cell viability and good biocompatibility for these grafts. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 985-996, 2018.
ChemInform Abstract: A General, Regioselective Synthesis of Substituted Benzocyclobutenedione Monoacetals. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A comparative study of conventional single-mass and amplitude amplified dual-mass MEMS Vibratory Gyroscopes (2017)

This paper presents preliminary experimental results on a novel dual-mass MEMS gyroscope with mechanical amplification of amplitude. A side-by-side comparison between proposed dual-mass and conventional single-mass gyroscopes is presented and the effect of amplitude amplification on the scale factor and noise characteristics is discussed. The dual-mass gyroscope demonstrated a scale factor of 0.465 mV/(deg/s) in the open-loop rate-mode of operation, which is three times higher sensitivity than the single-mass gyroscope. The dual-mass gyroscope also showed a superior performance in bias stability and Angle Random Walk (ARW).
Organic Nonvolatile Memory: Nanostructured Anode Material for High‐Power Battery System in Electric Vehicles (Adv. Mater. 28/2010) (2010)

Takhee Lee and co-workers demonstrate on p. 3071 that organic nonvolatile memory devices can be fabricated on flexible substrates. The organic nonvolatile memory devices show rewritable and nearly consistent switching characteristics, regardless of the bending circumstances. The stable switching performance of the organic memory devices with bending stress is a promising property, ultimately enhancing the possibility of the application for flexible organic memory devices.
Carbon-Dot Initiated Synthesis of Polypyrrole and Polypyrrole@CuO Micro/Nanoparticles with Enhanced Antibacterial Activity (2019)

The carbon dot initiated polypyrrole (PPY) and CuO composite were synthesized into PPY@CuO using a simple one-step sonochemical approach. The synthesized PPY and the PPY@CuO were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, 13C-solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, UV–visible spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. A strong interaction was demonstrated between the PPY chains and CuO. This interaction led to changes in the backbone chain of the PPY@CuO composite when compared to the carbon dot initiated PPY. The antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus of the carbon dot initiated synthesis of PPY and the sonochemically prepared PPY@CuO composite materials was revealed. The results indicate the biocidal efficacy of PPY@CuO on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The PPY@CuO composite exhibited an enhanced antibacterial performance in comparison with the carbon dot initiated PPY and CuO. This is a first report on the sonochemical synthesis of a polymer composite composed of PPY and CuO, demonstrating the efficacy of its antibacterial action at a concentration of 1 mg/mL of the composite involving 0.234 mg/mL of CuO.
Reply to Xu: Role of Lactate in Lipid Metabolism, Just Always Inhibiting Lipolysis? (2009)

Role of Lactate in Lipid Metabolism, Just Always Inhibiting Lipolysis?This is a response to the letter by .Regarding the question of whether L-lactate indeed plays a role in inhibiting lipolysis, we think that we have adequately addressed the question in our original JBC paper.In adipocytes, it is very well studied and documented that reagents such as adrenaline and forskolin (stimulating cAMP synthesis) or isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX) (inhibiting cAMP hydrolysis) that up-regulate cAMP levels in adipocytes increase lipolysis.In contrast, reagents such as insulin (increase cAMP hydrolysis by stimulating phosphodiesterase) or niacin and propionate etc. (inhibiting cAMP synthesis through G i -protein-coupled GPCRs) that down-regulate cAMP levels in the adipocytes inhibit lipolysis.That lactate stimulates GPR81 and inhibits cAMP synthesis in GPR81-expressing cells strongly suggests that lactate may play a role in suppressing lipolysis in adipocytes, which express high levels of GPR81.Our results from differentiated 3T3L1 cells as well as primary adipocytes from mouse, rat, and human demonstrated that L-lactate indeed inhibits lipolysis in those adipocytes.This hypothesis is further supported by our results using adipocytes from GPR81 knock-out mice, which are completely unresponsive to L-lactate in lipolysis assays.Of course, our results are in isolated cells and are well controlled.In our experiments we always compare the samples with and without added lactate while keeping all of the other elements the same.However, this does not mean that under physiological conditions both lactate and glycerol concentrations can't be elevated since in vivo lactate certainly is not the only regulator for lipolysis.For instance, under hypoglycemic conditions, it is very well known that epinephrine, glucagon, cortisol, and many other hormones are released.Some of those hormones including epinephrine and glucagon are known to increase lipolysis.Therefore, lactate may still play an inhibitory role for lipol-
Encapsulation of Semiconducting Polymers in Vault Protein Cages (2008)

We demonstrate that a semiconducting polymer [poly(2-methoxy-5-propyloxy sulfonate phenylene vinylene), MPS-PPV] can be encapsulated inside recombinant, self-assembling protein nanocapsules called "vaults". Polymer incorporation into these nanosized protein cages, found naturally at approximately 10,000 copies per human cell, was confirmed by fluorescence spectroscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering. Although vault cellular functions and gating mechanisms remain unknown, their large internal volume and natural prevalence within the human body suggests they could be used as carriers for therapeutics and medical imaging reagents. This study provides the groundwork for the use of vaults in encapsulation and delivery applications.
Recovery-oriented Big Data Computing for Exactly Once Message Processing (2019)

Big data computing is a process to handle large volumes of information, which typically crosses different functional units in a distributed system. Like any processes involving distributed systems, it has a concern of reliability problems, such as lossy communication links between functional units and crashed computation nodes inside functional units. The paper focuses on resolving this concern in a particular distributed system scenario where the cross-boundary network connections have a high rate of failure and the internal computation nodes are relatively reliable. We propose a pure client side protocol to achieve exactly once message processing which makes big data computing in the above scenario more reliable. Moreover, we optimize the protocol to be more efficient in resource consumption using methods such as machine learning.
Predicting High-Temperature Decomposition of Lithiated Graphite: Part I. Review of Phenomena and a Comprehensive Model (2018)

Heat release that leads to thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries begins with decomposition reactions associated with lithiated graphite. We broadly review the observed phenomena related to lithiated graphite electrodes and develop a comprehensive model that predicts with a single parameter set and with reasonable accuracy measurements over the available temperature range with a range of graphite particle sizes. The model developed in this work uses a standardized total heat release and takes advantage of a revised dependence of reaction rates and the tunneling barrier on specific surface area. The reaction extent is limited by inadequate electrolyte or lithium. Calorimetry measurements show that heat release from the reaction between lithiated graphite and electrolyte accelerates above ~200°C, and the model addresses this without introducing additional chemical reactions. This method assumes that the electron-tunneling barrier through the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) grows initially and then becomes constant at some critical magnitude, which allows the reaction to accelerate as the temperature rises by means of its activation energy. Phenomena that could result in the upper limit on the tunneling barrier are discussed. The model predictions with two candidate activation energies are evaluated through comparisons to calorimetry data, and recommendations are made for optimal parameters.
Threshold based selective link restoration for optical wdm mesh networks (2004)

This paper studies the problem of providing failure recovery in optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) networks. One of the mechanisms widely studied is reactive link restoration, where recovery is provided by determining paths around a failed link after the failure occurrence. This is characterized by efficient resource utilization (since recovery capacity need not be reserved ahead of time), fast failure signaling rate and scalability. However, one of its main drawbacks is the inability to provide any guarantee of restoration. The restoration efficiency also reduces as the overall network load increases due to a reduced probability of finding a restoration route as a result of limited available spare capacity. In contrast, proactive protection mechanisms reserve backup capacity during connection setup. Here, resources may go unused if failures are not frequent thus leading to lower resource utilization. This paper proposes a hybrid protection-restoration mechanism, called threshold-based selective link restoration, that attempts to improve the overall restoration efficiency provided by link restoration. The proposed mechanism pro-actively reserves bandwidth similar to pre-planned protection, but only for a subset of the network links and at times of need as determined by a predefined policy. This paper considers two policies using which the threshold is determined: (i) per-link load and (ii) per-link reliability. The paper presents a detailed performance comparison of the proposed restoration mechanism with dynamic restoration and presents a study of the trade-off between network provisioning and restoration efficiency. The simulation results indicate that under high loads, the proposed mechanism maintains a consistent restoration efficiency of at least 10% or higher when compared to dynamic restoration.
1 GHz dual-comb spectrometer for fast and broadband measurements (2021)

Dual-frequency comb spectroscopy permits broadband precision spectroscopic measurements with short acquisition time. A dramatic improvement of the maximal spectral bandwidth and the minimal measurement time can be expected when the lasers' pulse repetition rate is increased, owing to a quadratic dependence (Nyquist criterion). Here, we demonstrate a dual-comb system operating at a high repetition rate of 1 GHz based on mature, digitally-controlled, low-noise mode-locked lasers. Compared to conventional lower repetition rate ($\sim$100 MHz) oscillators, this represents a 100-fold improvement in terms of the Nyquist criterion, while still providing adequate spectral sampling even for trace gas absorption fingerprints. Two spectroscopy experiments are performed with acquisition parameters not attainable in a 100 MHz system: detection of water vapor absorption around 1375 nm, demonstrating the potential for fast and ambiguity-free broadband operation, and real-time acquisition of narrow gas absorption features across a spectral span of 0.6 THz (600 comb lines) in only 5 $\mu$s. Additionally, we show high mutual coherence of the lasers below the Hz-level, generating opportunities for broadband spectroscopy even with low-bandwidth detectors such as mid-infrared, imaging or photo-acoustic detectors.
Partial dislocation structures at expansion terminating areas of bar-shaped single Shockley-type stacking faults and basal plane dislocations at the origin in 4H-SiC (2022)

Abstract Partial dislocation (PD) combinations near the substrate/epilayer interface and the epilayer surface of 4H-SiC are analyzed for bar-shaped single Shockley-type stacking faults (1SSFs) by plan-view transmission electron microscopy (TEM) with the aid of photoluminescence imaging. Although the PDs are found to have a zigzag structure similar to that found in triangular 1SSF by TEM observation, the combination is thought to be different, consisting of a 30° Si-core + 90° Si-core for the triangular 1SSF and 30° Si-core + 30° C-core for the bar-shaped 1SSF. The features of the basal plane dislocation at the origin are speculated by also identifying the converted threading edge dislocation by additional Burgers vector determination of the PD loop by TEM.
Toward a perceptual space for gloss (2009)

We design and implement a comprehensive study of the perception of gloss. This is the largest study of its kind to date, and the first to use real material measurements. In addition, we develop a novel multi-dimensional scaling (MDS) algorithm for analyzing pairwise comparisons. The data from the psychophysics study and the MDS algorithm is used to construct a low dimensional perceptual embedding of these bidirectional reflectance distribution functions (BRDFs). The embedding is validated by correlating it with nine gloss dimensions, fitted parameters of seven analytical BRDF models, and a perceptual parameterization of Ward's model. We also introduce a novel perceptual interpolation scheme that uses the embedding to provide the user with an intuitive interface for navigating the space of gloss and constructing new materials.
Cross-linguistic Information Retrieval Workshop (Abstract). (1996)

Wheel running performed by rats is reinforcing, rewarding and possibly addictive. In this study we analyzed if wheel running could affect ethanol preference. Lewis rats, known to be both addiction-prone and to develop an excessive wheel running behavior, were given access to ethanol in a two-bottle free-choice paradigm. The animals reached a high and stable ethanol intake after 5 weeks. In the next phase, rats were subjected to ethanol withdrawal for 1, 2 or 4 weeks with or without access to running wheels. Finally animals were again given access to ethanol in the same two-bottle free-choice paradigm, combined with access to running wheels. The rats that ran in running wheels during 1 or 2, but not 4, weeks of ethanol withdrawal increased both ethanol intake and preference as compared with the control group that did not have access to the wheels. Previous studies have demonstrated that low doses of morphine increases ethanol preference. Here we show that also running potentiates ethanol intake and preference. Thus, running which shares many of the reinforcing properties with addictive drugs appears to potentiate rats to an increased preference for ethanol. Our results describe a behavioral interaction where running increases ethanol consumption.
{110}-facets formation by hydrogen thermal etching on sidewalls of Si and strained-Si fin structures (2008)

Si-fin structures for multigate metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs) with smooth and vertical sidewalls composed of {110} facets were obtained by an anisotropic gas etching in atmospheric hydrogen ambient at 925–1000°C on strained and unstrained (001) Si-on-insulator (SOI) substrates. {110} facets emerged due to higher etching rate for higher-order crystalline plane adjacent to {110} planes. The facet formation effectively eliminated the fin-width variation originating from the lithography process. The uniaxial stress along the fins on the strained SOI substrate was found to be preserved during the process, indicating the availability of this technique for fabrication of multigate MOSFETs with strained-fin channels.
Brain Response to Injury and Neurodegeneration (2005)

A bstract : Synaptic activity and ischemia/injury promote lipid messenger formation through phospholipase‐mediated cleavage of specific phospholipids from membrane reservoirs. Lipid messengers modulate signaling cascades, contributing to development, differentiation, function (e.g., memory), protection, regeneration, and repair of neurons and overall regulation of neuronal, glial, and endothelial cell functional integrity. Oxidative stress disrupts lipid signaling and promotes lipid peroxidation and neurodegeneration. Lipid signaling at the neurovascular unit (neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and cells of the microvasculature) is altered in early cerebrovascular and neurodegenerative disease. We discuss how lipid signaling regulates critical events in neuronal survival. Aberrant synaptic plasticity (e.g., epileptogenesis) is highlighted to show how gene expression may drive synaptic circuitry formation in the “wrong” direction. Docosahexaenoic acid has been implicated in memory, photoreceptor cell biogenesis and function, and neuroprotection. Free docosahexaenoic acid released in the brain during experimental stroke leads to the synthesis of stereospecific messengers through oxygenation pathways. One messenger, 10,17 S ‐docosatriene (neuroprotectin D1; NPD1), counteracts leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory gene expression in brain ischemia‐reperfusion. In retina, photoreceptor survival depends on retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell integrity. NPD1 is synthesized in RPE cells undergoing oxidative stress, potently counteracts oxidative stress‐triggered apoptotic DNA damage in RPE, upregulates antiapoptotic proteins Bcl‐2 and Bcl‐x L , and decreases proapoptotic Bax and Bad expression. These findings expand our understanding of how the nervous system counteracts redox disturbances, mitochondrial dysfunction, and proinflammatory conditions. The specificity and potency of NPD1 indicate a potential target for therapeutic intervention for stroke, age‐related macular degeneration, spinal cord injury, and other neuroinflammatory or neurodegenerative diseases.
Evidencing non-Bloch dynamics in temporal topolectrical circuits (2022)

One of the core concepts from the non-Hermitian skin effect is the extended complex wavevectors (CW) in the generalized Brillouin zone (GBZ), while the origin of CW remains elusive, and further experimental demonstration of GBZ is still lacking. We show that the bulk states of an open quantum system dynamically governed by the Lindblad master equation exhibit non-Bloch evolution which results in CW. Experimentally, we present temporal topolectrical circuits to serve as simulators for the dynamics of an open system. By reconstructing the correspondence between the bulk states of an open system and circuit voltage modes through gauge scale potentials in the circuit, the non-Bloch evolution is demonstrated. Facilitated by the simulators and proper approach to characterize the non-Bloch band proposed here, the GBZ is confirmed. Our work may advance the investigation of the dissipative topological modes and provide a versatile platform for exploring the unique evolution and topology for both closed and open systems.
Material Gain Analysis of GeSn/SiGeSn Quantum Wells for Mid-Infrared Si-Based Light Sources Based on Many-Body Theory (2015)

Material gain of GeSn/SiGeSn quantum wells, which can be grown on Si substrate using a buffer layer, is analyzed based on microscopic many-body theory (MBT) for mid-infrared light sources based on Si photonics. MBT can consider a gain spectrum broadening associated with scattering phenomena, such as Coulomb scattering, based on quantum field theory, and does not need any artificial fitting parameters, such as a relaxation time, used in conventional analysis. Not only rbut also carrier distributions in L-points are considered for the gain analysis. Using MBT, the quantum well structures maximizing the material gain and the differential gain at the threshold are investigated in terms of the well thickness, the strain, and the energy difference of quantum states between rand L-points.
Non-uniform constrained optimization of radar search patterns in direction cosines space using integer programming (2016)

Electronic Phased-Array Radars offer new possibilities for Radar Search Pattern Optimization by using variable beam-shapes. Radar Search Pattern Optimization can be approximated by a Set Covering Problem. This allows automatic generation of Search Patterns for non-uniform constrained environments in operational situation. We present a Set Covering Problem approximation for Time-Budget minimization of Search Patterns, in Direction Cosines space, under constraints of range and detection probability.
Voxel-Based Acetylcholinesterase PET Study in Early and Late Onset Alzheimer’s Disease (2018)

Difference in cortical cholinergic dysfunction between EOAD and LOAD may shed some light on the cholinomimetic drug efficacy in AD.
The α6 GABAA Receptor Positive Allosteric Modulator DK-I-56-1 Reduces Tic-Related Behaviors in Mouse Models of Tourette Syndrome (2021)

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disabling neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by multiple, recurrent tics. The pharmacological treatment of TS is currently based on dopaminergic antagonists; however, these drugs are associated with extrapyramidal symptoms and other serious adverse events. Recent evidence suggests that positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors containing α6 subunits (α6 GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs) oppose the behavioral effects of dopamine. Building on this evidence, in the present study, we tested the efficacy of DK-I-56-1, a highly selective PAM for α6 GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs, in mouse models of TS exhibiting tic-related responses. DK-I-56-1 significantly reduced tic-like jerks and prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in D1CT-7 transgenic mice, a well-documented mouse model of TS. DK-I-56-1 also prevented the exacerbation of spontaneous eyeblink reflex induced by the potent dopamine D<sub>1</sub> receptor agonist SKF 82958, a proxy for tic-like responses. We also showed that both systemic and prefrontal cortical administration of DK-I-56-1 countered the PPI disruption caused by SKF 82958. Although the effects of DK-I-56-1 were akin to those elicited by dopaminergic antagonists, this drug did not elicit extrapyramidal effects, as measured by catalepsy. These results point to α6 GABA<sub>A</sub>R PAMs as promising TS therapies with a better safety profile than dopaminergic antagonists.