gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniaturized Dual-Band Folded Patch Antenna With Independent Band Control Utilizing an Interdigitated Slot Loading (2016)

A compact linearly polarized dual-band patch antenna with low cross-polarization and independent band control is presented. Miniaturization was achieved through a combination of shorting, subsequently folding, and by replacing the standard slot loading with a slot that is featured by a meander line. By replacing the standard straight slot with an interdigitated slot loading, the resonance condition was shifted to the lower operating band, facilitating significant antenna miniaturization and resulting in an element size equal to or smaller than 0.1λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> in all three dimensions. The antenna design procedure is outlined and a prototype for WiFi applications was fabricated and measured for impedance matching, radiation pattern, and broadside gain. A simulated parametric analysis was performed on the interdigitated slot geometry to determine how the antenna performance is controlled. Then, based on the parametric analysis, it was further demonstrated that the two operational bands of the antenna element could be independently controlled by changing only the geometrical dimensions of the interdigitated slot, leaving the base of the antenna entirely unaltered. As a result, the lower operating band could be fixed while the upper operating band could be shifted by up to 10%. Lastly, the effect of utilizing a small ground plane, in an effort to achieve a small antenna footprint, is discussed.
Design of an Unmanned Ground Vehicle and LiDAR Pipeline for the High-Throughput Phenotyping of Biomass in Perennial Ryegrass (2020)

Perennial ryegrass biomass yield is an important driver of profitability for Australian dairy farmers, making it a primary goal for plant breeders. However, measuring and selecting cultivars for higher biomass yield is a major bottleneck in breeding, requiring conventional methods that may be imprecise, laborious, and/or destructive. For forage breeding programs to adopt phenomic technologies for biomass estimation, there exists the need to develop, integrate, and validate sensor-based data collection that is aligned with the growth characteristics of plants, plot design and size, and repeated measurements across the growing season to reduce the time and cost associated with the labor involved in data collection. A fully automated phenotyping platform (DairyBioBot) utilizing an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) equipped with a ground-based Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) sensor and Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) positioning system was developed for the accurate and efficient measurement of plant volume as a proxy for biomass in large-scale perennial ryegrass field trials. The field data were collected from a perennial ryegrass row trial of 18 experimental varieties in 160 plots (three rows per plot). DairyBioBot utilized mission planning software to autonomously capture high-resolution LiDAR data and Global Positioning System (GPS) recordings. A custom developed data processing pipeline was used to generate a plant volume estimate from LiDAR data connected to GPS coordinates. A high correlation between LiDAR plant volume and biomass on a Fresh Mass (FM) basis was observed with the coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.71 at the row level and R2 = 0.73 at the plot level. This indicated that LiDAR plant volume is strongly correlated with biomass and therefore the DairyBioBot demonstrates the utility of an autonomous platform to estimate in-field biomass for perennial ryegrass. It is likely that no single platform will be optimal to measure plant biomass from landscape to plant scales; the development and application of autonomous ground-based platforms is of greatest benefit to forage breeding programs.
Dipolar Triplet States ofp-Nitroaniline andN-Alkyl Derivatives with One-, Two-, and Three-Fold Symmetry (1996)

Photoexcitation of p-nitroaniline (PNA) and its N-alkyl derivatives results in the formation of triplet states with dipole moments considerably larger than that of the ground state, as monitored by time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC). The triplet state lifetime, τT, is only 54 ns for PNA in benzene but increases to 1400 ns on N,N-dimethyl substitution and to 275 ns in the more polar solvent p-dioxane. This sensitivity of τT is attributed to the close proximity of all of the lowest lying singlet and triplet nπ* and ππ* states of PNA, which results in substantial S1 ↔ T1 mixing. The dipole moment of the “pure” 3ππ* state is estimated to be 11 D. Methylene-bridged arrays of PNA moieties with two- and three-fold Dn symmetry, 2-PNA and 3-PNA, are also found to have highly dipolar triplet states, indicating that symmetry breaking and exciton localization occur in T1. Flip-flop interchange between the resonant dipolar structures is estimated to take place on a time scale of tens of picoseconds. Collective interactions between the PNA moieties in the multichromphoric arrays results in a marked blue shift in the first absorption maximum from 384 nm for 1-PNA to 375 nm for 2-PNA and to 354 nm for 3-PNA.
Nonlinear shear wave interaction in soft solids (2007)

This paper describes nonlinear shear wave experiments conducted in soft solids with transient elastography technique. The nonlinear solutions that theoretically account for plane and nonplane shear wave propagation are compared with experimental results. It is observed that the cubic nonlinearity implied in high amplitude transverse waves at f(0)=100 Hz results in the generation of odd harmonics 3f(0), 5f(0). In the case of the nonlinear interaction between two transverse waves at frequencies f(1) and f(2), the resulting harmonics are f(i)+/-2f(j)(i,j=1,2). Experimental data are compared to numerical solutions of the modified Burgers equation, allowing an estimation of the nonlinear parameter relative to shear waves. The definition of this combination of elastic moduli (up to fourth order) can be obtained using an energy development adapted to soft solid. In the more complex situation of nonplane shear waves, the quadratic nonlinearity gives rise to more usual harmonics, at sum and difference frequencies, f(i)+/-f(j). All components of the field have to be taken into account.
1 kW Ultrafast Thin-Disk Amplifier System (2017)

A thin-disk based regenerative amplifier with a compressed output power of more than 1 kW is presented. At a wavelength of 1031 nm pulse energies ≥100 mJ are demonstrated at a repetition rate of 10 kHz with pulse durations of &lt;1.0 ps.
Theranostic nanoparticles enhance the response of glioblastomas to radiation (2019)

Despite considerable progress with our understanding of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and the precise delivery of radiotherapy, the prognosis for GBM patients is still unfavorable with tumor recurrence due to radioresistance being a major concern. We recently developed a cross-linked iron oxide nanoparticle conjugated to azademethylcolchicine (CLIO-ICT) to target and eradicate a subpopulation of quiescent cells, glioblastoma initiating cells (GICs), which could be a reason for radioresistance and tumor relapse. The purpose of our study was to investigate if CLIO-ICT has an additive therapeutic effect to enhance the response of GBMs to ionizing radiation. <b>Methods:</b> NSG™ mice bearing human GBMs and C57BL/6J mice bearing murine GBMs received CLIO-ICT, radiation, or combination treatment. The mice underwent pre- and post-treatment magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), and histological analysis. Tumor nanoparticle enhancement, tumor flux, microvessel density, GIC, and apoptosis markers were compared between different groups using a one-way ANOVA and two-tailed Mann-Whitney test. Additional NSG™ mice underwent survival analyses with Kaplan-Meier curves and a log rank (Mantel-Cox) test. <b>Results:</b> At 2 weeks post-treatment, BLI and MRI scans revealed significant reduction in tumor size for CLIO-ICT plus radiation treated tumors compared to monotherapy or vehicle-treated tumors. Combining CLIO-ICT with radiation therapy significantly decreased microvessel density, decreased GICs, increased caspase-3 expression, and prolonged the survival of GBM-bearing mice. CLIO-ICT delivery to GBM could be monitored with MRI. and was not significantly different before and after radiation. There was no significant caspase-3 expression in normal brain at therapeutic doses of CLIO-ICT administered. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our data shows additive anti-tumor effects of CLIO-ICT nanoparticles in combination with radiotherapy. The combination therapy proposed here could potentially be a clinically translatable strategy for treating GBMs.
A linking framework for pixel classification based retinal vessel segmentation (2009)

Retinal vessel segmentation is a prerequisite for the analysis of vessel parameters such as tortuosity, variation of the vessel width along the vessel and the ratio between the venous and arterial vessel width. This analysis can provide indicators for the presence of a wide range of diseases. Different types of approaches have been proposed to segment the retinal vasculature and two important groups are vessel tracking and pixel processing based methods. An advantage of tracking based methods is the guaranteed connectedness of vessel segments, in pixel processing based methods connectedness is not guaranteed. In this work an automated vessel linking framework is presented. The framework links together separate pieces of the retinal vasculature into a connected vascular tree. To determine which vessel sections should be linked together the use of a supervised cost function is proposed. Evaluation is performed on the vessel centerlines. The results show that the vessel linking framework outperforms other automated vessel linking methods especially for the narrowest vessels.
A Weber-like law for perceptual learning (2013)

What determines how much an organism can learn? One possibility is that the neural factors that limit sensory performance prior to learning, place an upper limit on the amount of learning that can take place. We tested this idea by comparing learning on a sensory task where performance is limited by cortical mechanisms, at two retinal eccentricities. Prior to learning, visual performance at the two eccentricities was either unmatched or equated in two different ways (through spatial scaling or visual crowding). The magnitude of learning was equivalent when initial levels of performance were matched regardless of how performance was equated. The magnitude of learning was a constant proportion of initial performance. This Weber-like law for perceptual learning demonstrates that it should be possible to predict the degree of perceptual improvement and the final level of performance that can be achieved via sensory training, regardless of what cortical constraint limits performance.
Imaging and T2 relaxometry of short‐T2 connective tissues in the knee using ultrashort echo‐time double‐echo steady‐state (UTEDESS) (2017)

The T<sub>2</sub> measurements of short-T<sub>2</sub> tissues and high-resolution morphological imaging provided by UTEDESS makes it promising for studying the whole knee, both in routine clinical examinations and longitudinal studies. Magn Reson Med 78:2136-2148, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized Trial Evaluating the X STOP Interspinous Process Decompression System for the Treatment of Neurogenic Intermittent Claudication (2005)

The X STOP provides a conservative yet effective treatment for patients suffering from lumbar spinal stenosis. In the continuum of treatment options, the X STOP offers an attractive alternative to both conservative care and decompressive surgery.
Evaluating Large-Scale STEM Outreach Efficacy with a Consistent Theme: Thermodynamics for Elementary School Students (2018)

A biannual chemistry demonstration-based show named “Energy and U” was created to extend the general outreach themes of STEM fields and a college education with a specific goal: to teach the First Law of Thermodynamics to elementary school students. Energy is a central concept in chemical education, most STEM disciplines, and it is the concept at the foundation of many of the greatest challenges faced by society today. The effectiveness of the program was analyzed using a clicker survey system. This study provides one of the first examples of incorporating real-time feedback into large- scale chemistry-based outreach events for elementary school students in order to quantify and better understand the broader impact and learning outcomes.
Novel gene and cellular therapy approaches for treating HIV. (2016)

Advances in HIV drug therapy have drastically decreased mortality and significantly improved quality of life for HIV infected patients since the early days of the epidemic. However, HIV drug-resistance, drug toxicities, therapy adherence, and the need for life-long treatment remain major challenges that continue to contribute to HIV-related global health concerns. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapy have proven the potency of cellular gene therapies. An ever-growing toolbox of methods of gene manipulation, cell modification, and clinical cell manufacturing, will enable moving beyond continuous drug therapy for more effective and durable treatments, including the possibility of inducing permanent resistance to HIV. These approaches, which target both host and viral factors, capitalize on points of vulnerability in the virus life cycle. Cellular and gene therapy has the potential to be an effective one-time therapy with less toxicity. Here, we review several promising strategies currently in pre-clinical development and clinical trials.
Lrp1 Regulation of Pulmonary Function. Follow-Up of Human GWAS in Mice (2020)

Human genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified more than 270 loci associated with pulmonary function; however, follow-up studies to determine causal genes at these loci are few. SNPs in low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) are associated with human pulmonary function in GWASs. Using murine models, we investigated the effect of genetic disruption of the <i>Lrp1</i> gene in smooth muscle cells on pulmonary function in naive animals and after exposure to bacterial LPS or house dust mite extract. Disruption of <i>Lrp1</i> in smooth muscle cells leads to an increase in tissue resistance, elastance, and tissue elastance at baseline. Furthermore, disruption of <i>Lrp1</i> in smooth muscle increases airway responsiveness as measured by increased total lung resistance and airway resistance after methacholine. Immune cell counts in BAL fluid were increased in animals with <i>Lrp1</i> disruption. The difference in airway responsiveness by genotype observed in naive animals was not observed after LPS or house dust mite extract exposure. To further explore the mechanisms contributing to changes in pulmonary function, we identified several ligands dysregulated with <i>Lrp1</i> disruption in smooth muscle cells. These data suggest that dysregulation of LRP1 in smooth muscle cells affects baseline pulmonary function and airway responsiveness and helps establish <i>LRP1</i> as the causal gene at this GWAS locus.
Idelalisib impairs TREM-1 mediated neutrophil inflammatory responses (2018)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) regulates innate immune activation in infectious and non-infectious conditions. TREM-1 ligation activates phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) triggering all neutrophil effector functions. As idelalisib is a PI3K inhibitor in clinical use for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphomas, we asked whether this inhibitor affects PMN functionalities. We analyzed PMNs from healthy donors or lymphoma patients for oxidative burst, phagocytosis, activation markers and IL-8 release upon TREM-1 or TLR ligation ex vivo. In addition, we performed western blot analyses to characterize the signaling events inhibited by idelalisib and other PI3K inhibitors. Upon TREM-1 ligation, the oxidative burst, degranulation, L-selectin shedding and cytokine release were all strongly reduced in the presence of idelalisib along impaired phosphorylation of P38, AKT and ERK by western blot analyses. In line with this, PMNs from patients receiving idelalisib also displayed an impaired TREM-1 mediated PMN activation ex vivo. In conclusion, PI3K inhibitors might cause a neutropenia-like susceptibility to infections in patients by leading to impaired PMN functionality. This should be considered when evaluating patients for infections treated with such inhibitors in daily clinical routine.
Niche-independent high-purity cultures of Lgr5[superscript +] intestinal stem cells and their progeny (2013)

Although Lgr5[superscript +] intestinal stem cells have been expanded in vitro as organoids, homogeneous culture of these cells has not been possible thus far. Here we show that two small molecules, CHIR99021 and valproic acid, synergistically maintain self-renewal of mouse Lgr5[superscript +] intestinal stem cells, resulting in nearly homogeneous cultures. The colony-forming efficiency of cells from these cultures is ~100-fold greater than that of cells cultured in the absence of CHIR99021 and valproic acid, and multilineage differentiation ability is preserved. We made use of these homogeneous cultures to identify conditions employing simultaneous modulation of Wnt and Notch signaling to direct lineage differentiation into mature enterocytes, goblet cells and Paneth cells. Expansion in these culture conditions may be feasible for Lgr5[superscript +] cells from the mouse stomach and colon and from the human small intestine. These methods provide new tools for the study and application of multiple intestinal epithelial cell types.
Investigation of temperature effect on electrical trees in XLPE cable insulation (2012)

In this paper, combined with the methods of real-time microscopic digital imaging and partial discharge (PD) continuous measurements, the effect of temperature on electrical tree propagation and PDs characteristics in XLPE cable insulation was investigated using an embedded needle electrode arrangement over a range of applied voltages from 9 to 15 kV rms. The temperature of the experiments varied from 10 °C up to 70 °C, which lay within the rated operating temperature range of XLPE cables. The results obtained show that temperature has dominant effect on electrical tree shapes and growth time. As the electrical tree shapes at lower voltages are influenced by the change of tree channel conductivity, this process appeared to be accelerated greatly by increase of experimental temperature. The tree growth time at higher voltages was decreased at higher temperatures due to the change of material morphology and it was accompanied by intensive PD activity.
Optical Nyquist-Filtering Multi/Demultiplexer with PLC for 1-Tb/s Class Super-Channel Transceiver (2015)

We developed a 37.5-GHz-spaced 8-subcarrier Nyquist-filtering multi/demulti-plexer with inverse sinc compensation using integrated planar optics. We successfully demonstrated super-channel generation/reception with an OSNR penalty of 0.2 dB using the multi/demultiplexers and 32-Gbaud DP-QPSK subcarriers.
From Single Molecules to Nanoscopically Structured Functional Materials: Au Nanocrystal Growth on TiO2 Nanowires Controlled by Surface‐Bound Silicatein (2006)

Biofunctionalized ceramic nanowires: A reactive ester polymer has been used to immobilize silicatein, a hydrolytic enzyme involved in the biomineralization of SiO2, on the surface of TiO2 nanowires. The surface-bound protein retains its original hydrolytic properties and also acts as a reductant for AuCl4− in the synthesis of hybrid TiO2/silicatein/Au nanocomposites. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2006/z503770_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chemical mechanisms of catalysis by cytochromes P-450: a unified view (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical mechanisms of catalysis by cytochromes P-450: a unified viewF. Peter Guengerich and Timothy L. MacdonaldCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1984, 17, 1, 9–16Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar00097a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ar00097a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views887Altmetric-Citations426LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adenophostin A and ribophostin, but not inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate or manno-adenophostin, activate the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ current, ICRAC, in weak intracellular Ca2+ buffer (2001)

Under physiological conditions of weak intracellular Ca2+ buffering (0.1mM EGTA), the second messenger Ins(1,4,5)P3 often fails to activate any detectable store-operated Ca2+ current. However, it has been reported that the fungal metabolite adenophostin A [which has a severalfold higher affinity than Ins(1,4,5)P3 for Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptors] consistently activates the current under similar conditions. Here, whole-cell patch clamp experiments have been performed to examine how adenophostin A can activate the store-operated Ca2+ current (ICRAC) in RBL-1 (rat basophilic leukaemia) cells. In a strong intracellular Ca2+ buffer, saturating concentrations of adenophostin A activated ICRAC maximally and the current amplitude and kinetics were indistinguishable from those obtained with high concentrations of Ins(1,4,5)P3. In a weak Ca2+ buffer, adenophostin A consistently activated ICRAC, but the current was submaximal. High concentrations of Ins(1,4,5)P3 or the non-metabolizable analogue Ins(2,4,5)P3 were largely ineffective under these conditions. The size of ICRAC to adenophostin A in weak Ca2+ buffer could be significantly increased by either inhibiting sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic-reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (‘SERCA’) pumps with thapsi-gargin or enhancing mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake, although blocking the mitochondrial Ca2+ uniporter with Ruthenium Red did not suppress the activation of the current. Changing the levels of free ATP in the recording pipette did not enhance the size of ICRAC evoked by adenophostin A. We also examined two structurally distinct analogues of adenophostin A (manno-adenophostin and ribophostin), for which the affinities for the Ins(1,4,5)P3 receptor are similar to that of Ins(1,4,5)P3 in equilibrium binding experiments. Although these analogues were able to activate ICRAC to its maximal extent in strong buffer, ribophostin, but not manno-adenophostin, consistently activated the current in weak buffer. We conclude that adenophostin A and ribophostin are able to activate ICRAC in weak buffer through a mechanism that is quite distinct from that employed by Ins(1,4,5)P3 and manno-adenophostin and is not related to equilibrium affinities.