gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Designing a mesoscale vapor-compression refrigerator for cooling high-power microelectronics (2004)

A mesoscale vapor-compression refrigerator is defined here as one that is /spl sim/5 cm or smaller in size. Such a refrigerator could then be integrated in high-power microelectronics packaging, and thus offer a new cooling solution. To begin the process of designing such a small-scale vapor-compression refrigerator, a comparison of three different refrigerants was carried out, revealing that ammonia (NH/sub 3/) leads to the most efficient refrigerator. From there, a review and discussion of five types of compressors shows that a scroll compressor appears to be the most promising candidate for miniaturizing down to the /spl sim/5 cm size. This information was used to design three realistic vapor-compression refrigerators-for heat loads of 100, 200, and 300 W-using commercially-available scroll compressors and easily-fabricated heat exchangers. These design calculations demonstrate that, for a 100-W vapor-compression refrigerator, an air-cooled condenser can be made as small as almost 5 cm on a side, but that the compressor is still about 15 cm in its maximum dimensions. Thus, it is suggested that future research work concentrate on miniaturizing the compressor, to allow the entire system to fit within the /spl sim/5 cm size limit.
Correction: LprG-Mediated Surface Expression of Lipoarabinomannan Is Essential for Virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2015)

There is an error in Fig 1C . Lanes shown formed part of a larger gel, which is included in this Correction as S1 Fig.
Single-pixel optical modulation analyzer: a low-complexity frequency-dependent IQ imbalance monitor based on direct detection with phase retrieval (2021)

Tiny mismatches in timing, phase, and/or amplitude between in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) tributaries in an electro-optic IQ modulator, namely IQ imbalance, can severely affect high baud-rate and/or high modulation-order signals in modern coherent optical communications systems. To maintain such analog impairment within the tight penalty limit over wavelength and temperature during the product lifetime, in-service in-field monitoring and calibration of the IQ imbalance, including its frequency dependence, become increasingly important. In this study, we propose a low-complexity IQ monitoring technique based on direct detection with phase retrieval called a single-pixel optical modulation analyzer (SP-OMA). By reconstructing the optical phase information lost during the detection process computationally via phase retrieval, SP-OMA facilitates the in-service in-field monitoring of the frequency-dependent imbalance profile without sending dedicated pilot tones and regardless of any receiver/monitor-side IQ imbalance. The feasibility of SP-OMA is demonstrated both numerically and experimentally with a 63.25-Gbaud 16QAM signal.
Rotational spectrum and structure of the HCN–(CO2)3 tetramer (1990)

Microwave rotational transitions have been observed for HCN–(CO2)3, DCN–(CO2)3, H13CN–(CO2)3, HC15N–(CO2)3, HCN–(13CO2)3, HCN–(18OCO)(CO2)2, and HCN–(CO2)(C18O2)2 with the pulsed Fourier transform, Flygare/Balle Mark II spectrometer. A symmetric top spectrum was observed for the parent isotopic species with rotational constants of B0=861.6392(1) MHz, DJ =0.681(5) kHz, and DJK =0.821(12) kHz. The results for isotopic substitution indicate a zero-point, vibrationally averaged geometry having the C3 symmetry of a cyclic (CO2)3 structure with the HCN along the symmetry axis and the N end closest to the (CO2)3. The C3 symmetry is confirmed by the observation of states limited to K=±3n, with n=0,1,2,..., as predicted for threefold symmetry generated by bosons only. The (CO2)3 has a pinwheel configuration, as in the free trimer, and the three carbons lie in a plane R=2.758 Å below the center of mass (c.m.) of the HCN. The C-C distance in this subunit is 3.797 Å which is 0.241 Å shorter than that found in the free (CO2)3 trimer. The individual CO2’s in the (CO2)3 pinwheel are rotated out of the C–C–C plane by γ=−6.9°, as determined from an inertial analysis, with the inner oxygens rotated away from the HCN. The HCN has an average torsional angle of 10.3°, as determined by isotopic substitution, and an observed χcc value of −3.891 MHz for the 14 N. The c.m.(HCN) to C distance is 3.525 Å, compared to 3.592 Å in the HCN-CO2 T-shaped dimer. The isotopic substitution by 18O perturbs the structure of the symmetric top clusters by a remarkable amount, decreasing γ to −28.9° and increasing R and RCC to 2.797 and 3.814 Å, respectively. In the 18O substituted species, the CO2’s are rotated in the C–C–C plane from C3v symmetry by the pinwheel angle β=∼32.5°.
Synthesis and Swelling of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Using Supercritical CO2 (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTSynthesis and Swelling of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Using Supercritical CO2Stephen M. Gross, Ramone D. Givens, Mitsutoshi Jikei, Joseph R. Royer, Saad Khan, Joseph M. DeSimone, Peter G. Odell, and Gordon K. HamerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Venable and Kenan Laboratories, CB# 3290, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, and Department of Chemical Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-7905 Xerox Research Centre of Canada, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada L5K2K1 Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 25, 9090–9092Publication Date (Web):November 13, 1998Publication History Received13 February 1998Revised8 October 1998Published online13 November 1998Published inissue 1 December 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980234rhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980234rrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Extraction,Inorganic carbon compounds,Polymerization,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Supplemental Figures and Tables from Discovery of Potent and Selective MRCK Inhibitors with Therapeutic Effect on Skin Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 1. Kinome selectivity profiles for BDP8900 and BDP9066. Supplemental Figure 2. Cancer cell line sensitivity to BDP8900 and BDP9066. Supplemental Figure 3. MRCKα phosphorylations compared with MRCKβ. Supplemental Figure 4. MRCKα, MRCKβ and MRCKα pS1003 antibody validation. Supplemental Figure 5. MRCK and DMPK expression in MDA MB 231 D3H2 LN human breast cancer cells, SCC12 human squamous cell carcinoma cells, and human skeletal muscle. Supplemental Table 1. Crystallographic data and model statistics. Supplemental Table 2: BDP8900 and BDP9066 selectivity in vitro (in-house determinations). Supplemental Table 3. Kinase selectivity screen for BDP8900 and BDP9066. Supplemental Table 4. BDP8900 selectivity in vitro (out-sourced determinations). Supplemental Table 5. BDP9066 selectivity in vitro (out-sourced determinations). Supplemental Table 6. Cancer cell line EC50 values for BDP8900 and BDP9066. Supplemental Table 7. MRCKα phosphorylation sites. Supplemental Table 8. MRCKα phosphorylation on S1003.&lt;/p&gt;
Transient Phenomena in Compressor Stations During Surge (1992)

Transient phenomena are generally inherent in the operation of compressor stations: these are either fast or slow transients. A model describing the governing equation for the gas dynamics, control system, compressor and turbine shafts inertias has been developed. The effect of these inertias is manifested by an example of a compressor station operating near the surge control line. Another example deals with a station that has a cooler placed in the recycle path. This alters the rate at which the compressor shaft decelerates upon shutdown and may cause backward spinning depending on the relative magnitude of the shaft inertia with respect to the cooler volume. Backward spinning of compressor shaft has detrimental effects on dry seals and is undesirable. It was found that by keeping the recycle valve closed upon shutdown, the rate of shaft deceleration will be reduced.
The efficacy of novel arylimidamides against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro (2011)

The present study aimed to determine the in vitro biological efficacy and selectivity of 7 novel AIAs upon bloodstream trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi. The biological activity of these aromatic compounds was assayed for 48 and 24 h against intracellular parasites and bloodstream forms of T. cruzi (Y strain), respectively. Additional assays were also performed to determine their potential use in blood banks by treating the bloodstream parasites with the compounds diluted in mouse blood for 24 h at 4°C. Toxicity against mammalian cells was evaluated using primary cultures of cardiac cells incubated for 24 and 48 h with the AIAs and then cellular death rates were determined by MTT colorimetric assays. Our data demonstrated the outstanding trypanocidal effect of AIAs against T. cruzi, especially DB1853, DB1862, DB1867 and DB1868, giving IC50 values ranging between 16 and 70 nanomolar against both parasite forms. All AIAs presented superior efficacy to benznidazole and some, such as DB1868, also demonstrated promising activity as a candidate agent for blood prophylaxis. The excellent anti-trypanosomal efficacy of these novel AIAs against T. cruzi stimulates further in vivo studies and justifies the screening of new analogues with the goal of establishing a useful alternative therapy for Chagas disease.
Investigation of Corrosion Inhibitor Actives for Anti-Agglomerant Low Dose Hydrate Inhibitor/Corrosion Inhibitor (AA/CI) Combo Products (2022)

Objectives/Scope Anti-agglomerant low dose hydrate inhibitors (AA-LDHIs) have the potential to exhibit corrosion inhibition due to their phase-boundary association and surfactant properties as well as containing similar functional groups as corrosion inhibitors (CI). However, it is often found that AA-LDHI molecules, on their own, do not possess the corrosion inhibition efficacy to meet commonly used industry standard corrosion rate criteria of less than 4 mpy general corrosion and minimal localized corrosion, even when dosed at typical AA-LDHI treatment rates (at the percentage level). For offshore applications, where an operator may have limited umbilicals for production chemical delivery and are conscious of capital expenditure, a combination chemical product would be the preferred option. In the search for such a single umbilical combination product to provide both corrosion and hydrate protection, a highly effective AA-LDHI/CI combination product was formulated. Methods, Procedures, Process The newly developed AA-LDHI/CI product was first evaluated in the laboratory under field simulated environments: rotating cage autoclave (RCA) to test corrosion inhibitor performance and visual sapphire hydrate rocking cells to test anti-agglomerant performance before being taken to the field. Results, Observations, Conclusions The corrosion inhibitor performance testing was conducted under sweet conditions using RCA at a temperature of 158 °F and a shear rate of 40 pascals. The post-test coupons were further evaluated for pitting corrosion performance using Vertical Scan Interferometer and coupon surface features were measured. After a 7-day test, the AA-LDHI/CI reduced the general corrosion rate to &amp;lt;4mpy whilst localized corrosion features were no greater than what was already present on the surface before exposure. The product was also tested for AA-LDHI performance utilizing visual sapphire hydrate rocking cells at 2,000 psi and 40 °F under shut-in/restart conditions which showed no impacts on performance when compared with the AA-LDHI chemistry by itself at the same dosage. Novel/Additive Information The paper describes the development and laboratory testing of new AA-LDHI/CI combination products that showed exceptional corrosion inhibition performance while also maintaining hydrate inhibition metrics with no change to secondary properties and with positive sustainability impacts. After laboratory development and testing, the new product was then field deployed. Preliminary data from an ongoing field trial is also shared.
Compensated Ferrimagnetism in the Zero-Moment Heusler Alloy Mn3Al (2017)

Preventing stray magnetic interactions is important to improving technology that relies upon manipulating an electron's charge and spin. To this end, the authors investigate a binary intermetallic that has an internal magnetic field, yet does not affect the spin of surrounding components. As-grown epitaxial thin films of Mn${}_{3}$Al on GaAs(001) present the the ideal D0${}_{3}$ Heusler phase. This compound should be quite interesting for optimizing tomorrow's spintronic devices.
A lipid bound actin meshwork organizes liquid phase separation in model membranes (2014)

The eukaryotic cell membrane is connected to a dense actin rich cortex. We present FCS and STED experiments showing that dense membrane bound actin networks have severe influence on lipid phase separation. A minimal actin cortex was bound to a supported lipid bilayer via biotinylated lipid streptavidin complexes (pinning sites). In general, actin binding to ternary membranes prevented macroscopic liquid-ordered and liquid-disordered domain formation, even at low temperature. Instead, depending on the type of pinning lipid, an actin correlated multi-domain pattern was observed. FCS measurements revealed hindered diffusion of lipids in the presence of an actin network. To explain our experimental findings, a new simulation model is proposed, in which the membrane composition, the membrane curvature, and the actin pinning sites are all coupled. Our results reveal a mechanism how cells may prevent macroscopic demixing of their membrane components, while at the same time regulate the local membrane composition. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01671.001.
Asymmetric Baylis-Hillman Reaction: Use of Novel Chiral Aldehydes as Electrophiles, Chiral Base Catalysts and Auxilliaries&# (2006)

The present review highlights our recent research findings in the field of asymmetric Baylis-Hillman reaction. In particular, it elaborates on the following efficient aids: 1) utilization of sugar-derived acrylates as chiral auxiliary for diastereoselective Baylis-Hillman reaction; 2) use of novel chiral electrophiles such as sugar-derived aldehydes and chiral 2,3-epoxy aldehydes for the diastereoselective Baylis-Hillman reaction to obtain valuable chiral adducts; 3) a novel prolinol derivative promoted enantioselective Baylis-Hillman reaction and 4) intramolecular Baylis-Hillman reaction wherein both the aldehyde and acrylate component are part structure of the same molecular framework to afford high des. This review also covers the related research work from other groups on asymmetric Baylis-Hillman reaction. Keywords: Sugar-derived acrylate, sugar-derived aldehydes, chiral 2,3-epoxy aldehydes, Double Asymmetric Induction, Nmethylprolinol, intramolecular Baylis-Hillman reaction
Supplementary Figure S2 from Bispecific Antibodies and Antibody–Drug Conjugates (ADCs) Bridging HER2 and Prolactin Receptor Improve Efficacy of HER2 ADCs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Proteasomal degradation inhibitors, Bortezomib and Lactacystin had little or no effect on PRLR turnover.&lt;/p&gt;
Sterilization (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Phosphorylation of RAS1 and RAS2 proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1989)

RAS1 and RAS2 proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae are guanine nucleotide-binding proteins involved in the regulation of adenylate cyclase. In this paper, we report that these proteins are phosphorylated. The phosphorylation of RAS1 protein is demonstrated by treating with alkaline phosphatase as well as by labeling with [32P]orthophosphate. The phosphorylation occurs exclusively on serine residues and phosphorylated RAS1 protein is predominantly membrane localized. The phosphorylation of RAS2 protein is demonstrated by similar 32P-labeling experiments. The phosphorylation occurs exclusively on serine residues and phosphopeptide analyses suggest that only two major phosphorylated tryptic peptides are generated from the RAS2 protein. These results provide evidence for the phosphorylation of RAS proteins in vivo. Furthermore, our demonstration that the phosphorylation occurs exclusively on serine residues and that the RAS2 protein contains only two major phosphorylated tryptic peptides argues that the phosphorylation may be physiologically significant.
Is Evaluative Compositionality a Requirement of Rationality? (2014)

This paper presents a new solution to the problems for orthodox decision theory posed by the Pasadena game and its relatives. I argue that a key question raised by consideration of these gambles is whether evaluative compositionality (as I term it) is a requirement of rationality: is the value that an ideally rational agent places on a gamble determined by the values that she places on its possible outcomes, together with their mode of composition into the gamble (i.e. the probabilities assigned to them)? The paper first outlines a certain simple response to the Pasadena game and identifies two problems with this response, the second of which is that it leads to a wholesale violation of evaluative compositionality. I then argue that rationality does not require decision makers to factor in outcomes of arbitrarily low probability. A method for making decisions which flows from this basic idea is then developed, and it is shown that this decision method (Truncation) leads to a limited — as opposed to wholesale — violation of evaluative compositionality. The paper then argues that the truncation method yields solutions to the problems posed by the Pasadena game and its relatives that are both attractive in themselves and superior to those yielded by alternative proposals in the literature.
Outgassing of materials used for thin film vacuum packages (2009)

In this paper, outgassing of the thin film vacuum package is analyzed by integrated MEMS (Microelectromechanical system) resonator and RBS (Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy). Outgassing behavior of different thin film packaging materials is studied by exodiffusion experiments. It is demonstrated that a high temperature pre anneal will greatly reduce the outgassing but can not eliminate it.
Diversity of hydrogen configuration and its roles in SrTiO3−δ (2014)

As a source of carrier electron, various configurations of hydrogen in SrTiO3 are searched by using first-principles calculations. The most stable form of hydrogen is found to be H−, where doubly charged oxygen vacancy $V_{\rm O}^{2+}$VO2+ changes into singly charged ${\rm H}_{\rm O}^+$HO+. Most importantly, an additional H− is found to be weakly trapped by ${\rm H}_{\rm O}^+$HO+, which completely neutralizes carrier electrons by forming ${\rm (2H)}_{\rm O}^0$(2H)O0. These unexpected behaviors of hydrogen, which can explain reported experimental results, expand the role of the hydrogen in carrier-control technology in transition-metal oxides.
Targeting intracellular drugs to macrophages using esterase-sensitive motif (ESM) technology: Application to anti-cancer (2008)

5612 Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are now thought to have the potential to facilitate, rather than restrict, the development of human cancer. The availability of agents that reliably alter the function of TAMs would allow a thorough investigation of their role in cancer and potentially provide a novel therapeutic approach. ESM technology uses the carboxylesterase, hCE-1, which is only found in monocyte/macrophages, to drive the selective delivery of many classes of drugs. The technology involves the use of specifically designed amino acid ester motifs that are selectively hydrolysed intracellularly by hCE-1 to charged amino acid derivatives which accumulate only in monocytes and macrophages. These motifs can be incorporated into a range of agents and a series of drug types have been synthesised targeting enzymes such as histone deacetylase, p38 MAP kinase, PI-3 kinase, dihydrofolate reductase and IκB-2. Qualitatively similar data, in terms of macrophage-targeting, are found irrespective of the parent molecule. In many cases, the amino acid ester derivative is significantly less effective (
Hepatocyte Growth Factor is a Growth Factor for Rat Alveolar Type II Cells (1994)

Proliferation of alveolar type II cells is thought to be critical for restoration of gas exchange units after diffuse alveolar damage. However, the factors that regulate type II cell proliferation are not well understood. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a potentially important mitogen because it causes epithelial cells but not fibroblasts to proliferate and is found in the lung. We used rat alveolar type II cells in primary culture to demonstrate that HGF stimulates DNA synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner. The half maximal effect on stimulation of thymidine incorporation was less than 1 ng/ml. By autoradiography, HGF increased nuclear labeling from 1.3% of type II cells with medium alone to 9.4% with 5 ng/ml HGF. During this time, HGF modestly increased cell number in comparison to control media. However, in an assay of colony formation in low-density cultures, HGF did not consistently increase colony formation by alveolar type II cells and was less effective than acidic fibroblast growth factor or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in this assay. The receptor for HGF (c-met proto-oncogene) was expressed in rat type II cells and whole lung but not in macrophages. In contrast, the mRNA for HGF was detected in rat macrophages and lung but not in type II cells. However, HGF message was not detected in human alveolar macrophages under conditions in which the HGF message was detected in rat alveolar macrophages and in human fibroblasts. Hence, HGF is a potential paracrine growth factor for alveolar type II cells, but there may be important species differences in the relative level of expression.