gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Orienting Effect of Negatively Substituted Vinyl Groups in Aromatic Substitution (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Orienting Effect of Negatively Substituted Vinyl Groups in Aromatic SubstitutionF. G. Bordwell and Kenneth RohdeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 3, 1191–1193Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01183a093https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01183a093research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Patient education (2013)

Patient education is an essential component of the management of musculoskeletal disorders. However, despite clear guidance that health professionals should be providing education for patients, uncertainty remains about the optimum strategies which should be adopted—exactly what, when and how education should be offered to patients—as well the effect education has on patients. Like any intervention, evidence is needed to show that education is effective, and to justify the resources required for its production and delivery. Yet education is a complex intervention, and studying its effect is challenging. This chapter focuses on these debates, reviewing current evidence regarding methods of delivering education, the timing and content of education, and how education is evaluated. Finally, it makes practical suggestions about improving the quality of patient education in the future.
Herpesvirus ateles DNA and Its Homology with Herpesvirus saimiri Nucleic Acid (1978)

Analysis of the structural organization of Herpesvirus ateles DNA shows that two types of viral DNA molecules are encapsidated in virions: (i) M-genomes, which contain 74% light sequences (L-DNA, 38% guanine plus cytosine) and 26% highly repetitive heavy sequences (H-DNA, 75% guanine plus cytosine), and (ii) defective H-genomes, which consist exclusively of repetitive H-DNA. The structure of M-genomes from H. ateles consists of an L-DNA region of about 70 x 10(6) daltons inserted between H-DNA termini of variable length. M-genomes with a shorter H-DNA region at one end of the molecule have a long stretch of H-DNA at the other end, resulting in a total molecular weight of 89.8 +/- 8.5 x 10(6). Thus it resembles the structure of M-genomes of H. saimiri. H-DNA of the two independent H. ateles isolates, strains 810 and 73, reveals different patterns after cleavage with restriction endonuclease Sma I. H-DNA of H. ateles 810 appears to consist of identical tandem repeat units with a molecular weight of 1,035,000; the H-DNA repeat unit of strain 73 is shorter (930,000 molecular weight). Corresponding DNA sequences of the two H. ateles strains (810 and 73) are completely homologous in cross-hybridizations. However, a discrete nucleotide sequence divergence between these virus strains is detected by measuring melting temperatures (T(m)) of DNA hybrid molecules. Some homology exists between H. ateles and H. saimiri DNA. Hybridization of L-DNA from H. ateles with L-DNA from H. saimiri shows about a 35% homology between the respective L-DNA sequences; the resulting heteroduplex molecules show a decrease of T(m) by 13.5 degrees C, corresponding to about a 9% mismatching in cross-hybridizing parts of L-regions. Very little homology is found between H-DNA of H. ateles and H. saimiri.
Surface structures of fluoropolymer, polyolefin and polyester films after modification by graft polymerization (1994)

Abstract Pristine and argon plasma pretreated polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polystyrene (PS), high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) and poly(ethylene terrephthalate) (PET) films have been subjected to near‐UV light‐induced graft polymerization with water‐soluble acrylamide (AAm), the sodium salt of styrene sulfonic acid (NaSS), acrylic acid (AAc) and N,N‐dimethylaminoethylmethylacrylate (DMAEMA) monomers. The structure and composition at the substrate surface with grafted polymer were studied by angle‐resolved X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). In most cases, the density of surface grafting is enhanced by plasma pretreatment. For each polymer substrate with a substantial amount of grafting, the hydrophilic graft penetrates or becomes partially submerged beneath a thin surface layer of dense substrate chains. This stratified microstructure is consistent with the static secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Ar + beam depth profiling results. The two latter techniques also suggest that when the grafted polymer has a bulky substituent, there is less efficient penetration of the grafted polymer below the surface.
Deep-Learning-Based Pipe Leak Detection Using Image-Based Leak Features (2018)

In this paper, we propose a deep-learning-based pipe leak detection (PLD) technique using trajectory-based image features extracted from time-series acoustic data received from microphone sensor nodes. We developed root-mean-square-pattern and frequency-pattern images by reflecting the leakage signal characteristics in the time and frequency domains and used them for ensemble learning with the help of state-of-the-art residual networks. The experimental results obtained using the measured data of leakage signals in a laboratory-scale nuclear power plant environment are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method for PLD. The results show that the proposed image features suitable for convolutional neural network-based deep-learning can provide reliable PLD performance in terms of classification accuracy despite the machine-driven complex noise environment.
Simple Microflight Mechanism on Silicon (1994)

Flying is an advantageous method of mobility for a microscale machine due to the scale effect. Insects have evolved through natural selection, so they have fascinating structures and functions which are good models for a micromachine, especially in regard to microflight. A flying micromechanism is discussed, including its structure, actuators, power supply, and dynamics. One such 3D flying mechanism microstructure has been made.
Transcriptome profiling of a spirodiclofen susceptible and resistant strain of the European red mite Panonychus ulmi using strand-specific RNA-seq (2015)

The new genomic resources and data that we present in this study for P. ulmi will substantially facilitate molecular studies of underlying mechanisms involved in acaricide resistance.
On detection of cyclostationary signals (2002)

This paper presents a detector for cyclostationary signals that uses an estimate of spectral autocoherence as a detection statistic. The detector's probability of false alarm is analytically derived and verified with computer simulations. Receiver operating characteristic curves are determined from the simulation data and the analytical expression for the probability of false alarm. A detector for polycyclic signals based on generalized coherence estimation is also described but is not analyzed.
High spectral efficient W-band optical/wireless system employing Single-Sideband Single-Carrier Modulation (2014)

With broader available bandwidth, W-band wireless transmission has attracted a lot of interests for future Giga-bit communication. In this article, we experimentally demonstrate W-band radio-over-fiber (RoF) system employing single-sideband single-carrier (SSB-SC) modulation with lower peak-to-average-power ratio (PAPR) than orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM). To overcome the inter-symbol interference (ISI) of the penalty from uneven frequency response and SSB-SC modulation, frequency domain equalizer (FDE) and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) are implemented. We discuss the maximum available bandwidth of different modulation formats between SSB-SC and OFDM signals at the BER below forward error correction (FEC) threshold (3.8 × 10(-3)). Up to 50-Gbps 32-QAM SSB-SC signals with spectral efficiency of 5 bit/s/Hz can be achieved.
Spatially resolved biosensing with a molded plasmonic crystal (2007)

The authors report the use of a type of quasi-three-dimensional plasmonic crystal for spatially resolved detection of biochemical binding events, with a spatial resolution of tens of microns and submonolayer binding sensitivity. In demonstration experiments, fibrinogen patterns nonspecifically adsorbed to the crystal surface were spatially and spectroscopically resolved using monochromatic and white light illumination. The experimental simplicity of the fabrication and use of these sensors, their compact form factors together with the high detection sensitivities and spatial resolution that can be achieved, collectively make these devices interesting as candidates for label-free array-based bioanalytical detection.
Anthocyanins Induce the Activation of Phase II Enzymes through the Antioxidant Response Element Pathway against Oxidative Stress-Induced Apoptosis (2007)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced cell damage is inevitable and severe and is involved in numerous diseases, including cancer. Reducing oxidative stress is one of the strategies of chemoprevention. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring flavonoids that show multiple benefits. We first pointed out the effects of anthocyanins in the contributions to activation of phase II antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes, chemopreventive potency, and involved transcriptional regulation. Our results obtained in rat liver Clone 9 cells showed that treatment of anthocyanins leads to positive effects on elevating the antioxidant capacity, including activated expression of glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione S-transferase) and recruited GSH content. In addition, the activity of NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) was also promoted under the treatment of anthocyanin. This influential functions as the defense system against programmed cell death induced by H2O2. The capacity for induction of luciferase expression by anthocyanins in cells transfected with rat nqo1-promoter constructed plasmid was further investigated; we found that the molecular mechanism is related to the activation of antioxidant response element (ARE) upstream of genes that are involved in antioxidation and detoxification. Our data suggest that natural anthocyanins are recommended as chemopreventive phytochemicals and could stimulate the antioxidant system to resist oxidant-induced injury. And, more important, the promoting effect of anthocyanins on ARE-regulated phase II enzyme expression seems to be a critical point in modulating the defense system against oxidative stress.
Image Analysis Method for Estimating 2-D Fibre Orientation and Fibre Length in Discontinuous Fibre Reinforced Composites (1995)

In discontinuous fibre reinforced composites (DFRC), the fibre length and orientation influence greatly the ultimate physical and mechanical properties of the material. A number of attempts dealing with methods for measuring fibre orientation are reported in the literature. These methods however, are unable to characterize fibre length. Fibre length may be affected by the type of processing involved. This study reports on the use of image analysis techniques for determining both fibre orientation and length. To verify the accuracy of the methods used, simulated images with known characteristics are used.
Screening of Novel Inhibitors of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase with a Reporter Ribozyme Assay (2009)

"Highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART)" is currently the standard treatment for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This treatment consists of a cocktail of two reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors and a protease inhibitor. Despite the success of this regimen, there is a continuing need for innovative drug to overcome problems with tolerability and the emergence of viral resistance. The present protocol describes a novel strategy to rapidly screening a new class of small molecule HIV-1 RT inhibitors, which bind to the primer/template binding site of RT, as yet an unexplored site for small molecule interference on this target. The assay is based on aptamer-displacement which is visualized by applying a rationally designed HIV-1 RT responsive ribozyme. The handiness of the assay procedure permits automation, compatible with high-throughput screening (HTS). Subsequently, the identified hit compounds have been evaluated by an in vitro enzymatic assay to test the inhibitory potential. The strategy provides a powerful and efficient screening format for site-directed inhibitors with biological activity.
Pickoff and spin conversion of orthopositronium in oxygen (2001)

The quenching processes of the thermalized orthopositronium $(o\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ps})$ on an oxygen molecule have been studied by the positron annihilation age-momentum correlation technique. The Doppler-broadening spectrum of the 511-kev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the $2\ensuremath{\gamma}$ annihilation of $o\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ps}$ in ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ has been measured as a function of the $o\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ps}$ age. The rate of the quenching, consisting of the pickoff and the spin conversion, is estimated from the positron lifetime spectrum. The ratio of the pickoff quenching rate to the spin-conversion rate is deduced from the Doppler broadening of the 511-kev $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays from the annihilation of the $o\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{Ps}.$ The pickoff parameter ${}^{1}{Z}_{\mathrm{eff}},$ the effective number of the electrons per molecule that contribute to the pickoff quenching, for ${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ is determined to be $0.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.4.$ The cross section for the elastic spin-conversion quenching is determined to be $(1.16\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.01)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}19} {\mathrm{cm}}^{2}.$
Glycine Dimerization Motif in the N-terminal Transmembrane Domain of the High Density Lipoprotein Receptor SR-BI Required for Normal Receptor Oligomerization and Lipid Transport (2011)

Scavenger receptor class B, type I (SR-BI), a CD36 superfamily member, is an oligomeric high density lipoprotein (HDL) receptor that mediates negatively cooperative HDL binding and selective lipid uptake. We identified in the N-terminal transmembrane (N-TM) domain of SR-BI a conserved glycine dimerization motif, G(15)X(2)G(18)X(3)AX(2)G(25), of which the submotif G(18)X(3)AX(2)G(25) significantly contributes to homodimerization and lipid uptake activity. SR-BI variants were generated by mutations (single or multiple Gly → Leu substitutions) or by replacing the N-TM domain with those from other CD36 superfamily members containing (croquemort) or lacking (lysosomal integral membrane protein (LIMP) II) this glycine motif (chimeras). None of the SR-BI variants exhibited altered surface expression (based on antibody binding) or HDL binding. However, the G15L/G18L/G25L triple mutant exhibited reductions in cell surface homo-oligomerization (>10-fold) and the rate of selective lipid uptake (∼ 2-fold). Gly(18) and Gly(25) were necessary for normal lipid uptake activity of SR-BI and the SR-BI/croquemort chimera. The lipid uptake activity of the glycine motif-deficient SR-BI/LIMP II chimera was low but could be increased by introducing glycines at positions 18 and 25. The rate of lipid uptake mediated by SR-BI/LIMP II chimeras was proportional to the extent of receptor oligomerization. Thus, the glycine dimerization motif G(18)X(3)AX(2)G(25) in the N-TM domain of SR-BI contributes substantially to the homo-oligomerization and lipid transport activity of SR-BI but does not influence the negative cooperativity of HDL binding. Oligomerization-independent binding cooperativity suggests that classic allostery is not involved and that the negative cooperativity is probably the consequence of a "lattice effect" (interligand steric interference accompanying binding to adjacent receptors).
Nondestructive Imaging of Dielectric-Constant Profiles and Ferroelectric Domains with a Scanning-Tip Microwave Near-Field Microscope (1997)

Variations in dielectric constant and patterns of microwave loss have been imaged in a yttrium-doped LiNbO 3 crystal with periodic ferroelectric domains with the use of a scanning-tip near-field microwave microscope. Periodic profiles of dielectric constant and images of ferroelectric domain boundaries were observed at submicrometer resolution. The combination of these images showed a growth-instability–induced defect of periodic domain structure. Evidence of a lattice-edge dislocation has also been observed through a stress-induced variation in dielectric constant.
Wide-Depth-Range 6D Object Pose Estimation in Space (2021)

6D pose estimation in space poses unique challenges that are not commonly encountered in the terrestrial setting. One of the most striking differences is the lack of atmospheric scattering, allowing objects to be visible from a great distance while complicating illumination conditions. Currently available benchmark datasets do not place a sufficient emphasis on this aspect and mostly depict the target in close proximity. Prior work tackling pose estimation under large scale variations relies on a two-stage approach to first estimate scale, followed by pose estimation on a resized image patch. We instead propose a single-stage hierarchical end-to-end trainable network that is more robust to scale variations. We demonstrate that it outperforms existing approaches not only on images synthesized to resemble images taken in space but also on standard benchmarks.
Die Propofolsedierung durch den niedergelassenen Gastroenterologen ist eine sichere Untersuchung – eine prospective Multicenterstudie an gastroenterologischen Arztpraxen (2012)

Ziel der Studie: Ziel dieser prospektiven Multicenterstudie ist die Erfassung unerwünschter Nebenwirkungen der Propofolsedierung durch den niedergelassenen Gastroenterologen. Die geplante Fallzahl dieser prospektiven Studie beträgt 50.000 Patienten.
Epoxyeicosatrienoic and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids dilate human coronary arterioles via BKCachannels: implications for soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition (2005)

Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are metabolized by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to form dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) and are putative endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factors (EDHFs). EDHFs modulate microvascular tone; however, the chemical identity of EDHF in the human coronary microcirculation is not known. We examined the capacity of EETs, DHETs, and sEH inhibition to affect vasomotor tone in isolated human coronary arterioles (HCAs). HCAs from right atrial appendages were prepared for videomicroscopy and immunohistochemistry. In vessels preconstricted with endothelin-1, three EET regioisomers (8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EET) each induced a concentration-dependent dilation that was sensitive to blockade of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BK(Ca)) channels by iberiotoxin. EET-induced dilation was not altered by endothelial denudation. 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-DHET also dilated HCA via activation of BK(Ca) channels. Dilation was less with 8,9- and 14,15-DHET but was similar with 11,12-DHET, compared with the corresponding EETs. Immunohistochemistry revealed prominent expression of cytochrome P-450 (CYP450) 2C8, 2C9, and 2J2, enzymes that may produce EETs, as well as sEH, in HCA. Inhibition of sEH by 1-cyclohexyl-3-dodecylurea (CDU) enhanced dilation caused by 14,15-EET but reduced dilation observed with 11,12-EET. DHET production from exogenous EETs was reduced in vessels pretreated with CDU compared with control, as measured by liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. In conclusion, EETs and DHETs dilate HCA by activating BK(Ca) channels, supporting a role for EETs/DHETs as EDHFs in the human heart. CYP450s and sEH may be endogenous sources of these compounds, and sEH inhibition has the potential to alter myocardial perfusion, depending on which EETs are produced endogenously.
Organic Acids Tunably Catalyze Carbonic Acid Decomposition (2014)

Density functional theory calculations predict that the gas-phase decomposition of carbonic acid, a high-energy, 1,3-hydrogen atom transfer reaction, can be catalyzed by a monocarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid, including carbonic acid itself. Carboxylic acids are found to be more effective catalysts than water. Among the carboxylic acids, the monocarboxylic acids outperform the dicarboxylic ones wherein the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond hampers the hydrogen transfer. Further, the calculations reveal a direct correlation between the catalytic activity of a monocarboxylic acid and its pKa, in contrast to prior assumptions about carboxylic-acid-catalyzed hydrogen-transfer reactions. The catalytic efficacy of a dicarboxylic acid, on the other hand, is significantly affected by the strength of an intramolecular hydrogen bond. Transition-state theory estimates indicate that effective rate constants for the acid-catalyzed decomposition are four orders-of-magnitude larger than those for the water-catalyzed reaction. These results offer new insights into the determinants of general acid catalysis with potentially broad implications.
Interface Properties of the Partially Oxidized Pt(111) Surface Using Hybrid DFT–Solvation Models (2019)

This article reports a theoretical-computational effort to model the interface between an oxidized platinum surface and aqueous electrolyte. It strives to account for the impact of the electrode potential, formation of surface-bound oxygen species, orientational ordering of near-surface solvent molecules, and metal surface charging on the potential profile along the normal direction. The computational scheme is based on the DFT/ESM-RISM method to simulate the charged Pt(111) surface with varying number of oxygen adatoms in acidic solution. This hybrid solvation method is known to qualitatively reproduce bulk metal properties like the work function. However, the presented calculations reveal that vital interface properties such as the electrostatic potential at the outer Helmholtz plane are highly sensitive to the position of the metal surface slab relative to the DFT-RISM boundary region. Shifting the relative position of the slab also affects the free energy of the system. It follows that there is an optimal distance for the first solvent layer within the ESM-RISM framework, which could be found by optimizing the position of the frozen Pt(111) slab. As it stands, manual sampling of the position of the slab is impractical and betrays the self-consistency of the method. Based on this understanding, we propose the implementation of a free energy optimization scheme of the relative position of the slab in the DFT-RISM boundary region. This optimization scheme could considerably increase the applicability of the hybrid method.