gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
End-to-End Nanophotonic Inverse Design for Imaging and Polarimetry (2020)

By co-designing a meta-optical front end in conjunction with an image-processing back end, we demonstrate noise sensitivity and compactness substantially superior to either an optics-only or a computation-only approach, illustrated by two examples: subwavelength imaging and reconstruction of the full polarization coherence matrices of multiple light sources. Our end-to-end inverse designs couple the solution of the full Maxwell equations---exploiting all aspects of wave physics arising in subwavelength scatterers---with inverse-scattering algorithms in a single large-scale optimization involving $\gtrsim 10^4$ degrees of freedom. The resulting structures scatter light in a way that is radically different from either a conventional lens or a random microstructure, and suppress the noise sensitivity of the inverse-scattering computation by several orders of magnitude. Incorporating the full wave physics is especially crucial for detecting spectral and polarization information that is discarded by geometric optics and scalar diffraction theory.
Reversible assembly of helical filaments by de novo designed minimalist peptides (2004)

We have designed a series of 15 short, helical de novo peptides consisting of lysine, isoleucine, and alanine. We have termed this the KIA series. These peptides differ only in their hydrophobic interface, and thus their self-association is largely a consequence of hydrophobic interactions. One of these peptides, KIA13, forms insoluble helical fibers at specific NaCl concentrations. We have used CD spectroscopy, turbidity assays, and in situ tapping mode atomic force microscopy to characterize the reversible assembly pathway for this peptide. It is unfolded at low NaCl concentration, and forms helical, soluble fibers resembling a coiled-coil conformation at intermediate NaCl concentrations, and rope-like insoluble fibers at high NaCl concentrations. Reducing the NaCl concentration completely reverses this process. Another peptide from the KIA series specifically inhibits the formation of the insoluble KIA13 fibers, and reverses the process to some extent. This work sheds light onto protein fibrillogenesis and offers intriguing possibilities for the use of these types of peptides in drug delivery and biomaterials applications.
Altered limbic functional connectivity in individuals with subjective cognitive decline: Converging and diverging findings across Chinese and German cohorts (2023)

Common limbic hyperconnectivity across Chinese and German subjective cognitive decline (SCD) cohorts was observed. Limbic hyperconnectivity may reflect awareness of cognition, irrespective of amyloid load. Further cross-cultural harmonization of SCD regarding Alzheimer's disease pathology is required.
Re: In Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Xenogeneic Immune Ribonucleic Acid in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Phase I Study, by Jerome P. Richie, Bosco S. Wang, Glenn D. Steele, Jr., Richard E. Wilson and John A. Mannick, J. Urol., 126: 24–28, 1981 (1982)

No AccessJournal of Urology1 Apr 1982Re: In Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Xenogeneic Immune Ribonucleic Acid in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Phase I Study, by Jerome P. Richie, Bosco S. Wang, Glenn D. Steele, Jr., Richard E. Wilson and John A. Mannick, J. Urol., 126: 24–28, 1981 Neil H. Bander Neil H. BanderNeil H. Bander More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(17)54042-2AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Re: In Vivo and in Vitro Effects of Xenogeneic Immune Ribonucleic Acid in Patients with Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Phase I Study, by Jerome P. Richie, Bosco S. Wang, Glenn D. Steele, Jr., Richard E. Wilson and John A. Mannick, J. Urol., 126: 24–28, 1981." The Journal of Urology, 127(4), p. 783 © 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 127Issue 4April 1982Page: 783 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 1982 by The American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Neil H. Bander More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Event-Shape Engineering for the D-meson elliptic flow in mid-central Pb-Pb collisions at $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ TeV (2019)

A bstract The production yield of prompt D mesons and their elliptic flow coefficient v 2 were measured with the Event-Shape Engineering (ESE) technique applied to mid-central (10–30% and 30–50% centrality classes) Pb-Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=5.02 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msub> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5.02</mml:mn> </mml:math> TeV, with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The ESE technique allows the classification of events, belonging to the same centrality, according to the azimuthal anisotropy of soft particle production in the collision. The reported measurements give the opportunity to investigate the dynamics of charm quarks in the Quark-Gluon Plasma and provide information on their participation in the collective expansion of the medium. D mesons were reconstructed via their hadronic decays at mid-rapidity, | η | &lt; 0.8, in the transverse momentum interval 1 &lt; p T &lt; 24 GeV/ c . The v 2 coefficient is found to be sensitive to the event-shape selection confirming a correlation between the D-meson azimuthal anisotropy and the collective expansion of the bulk matter, while the per-event D-meson yields do not show any significant modification within the current uncertainties.
Essential role of IFN-γ in T cell–associated intestinal inflammation (2018)

Paneth cells contribute to small intestinal homeostasis by secreting antimicrobial peptides and constituting the intestinal stem cell (ISC) niche. Certain T cell-mediated enteropathies are characterized by extensive Paneth cell depletion coincident with mucosal destruction and dysbiosis. In this study, mechanisms of intestinal crypt injury have been investigated by characterizing responses of mouse intestinal organoids (enteroids) in coculture with mouse T lymphocytes. Activated T cells induced enteroid damage, reduced Paneth cell and Lgr5+ ISC mRNA levels, and induced Paneth cell death through a caspase-3/7-dependent mechanism. IFN-γ mediated these effects, because IFN-γ receptor-null enteroids were unaffected by activated T cells. In mice, administration of IFN-γ induced enteropathy with crypt hyperplasia, villus shortening, Paneth cell depletion, and modified ISC marker expression. IFN-γ exacerbated radiation enteritis, which was ameliorated by treatment with a selective JAK1/2 inhibitor. Thus, IFN-γ induced Paneth cell death and impaired regeneration of small intestinal epithelium in vivo, suggesting that IFN-γ may be a useful target for treating defective mucosal regeneration in enteric inflammation.
Impairment of Physiological Function in Skeletal Muscle from Sigmar1 Knockout Mice (2021)

Rationale Sigmar1 is a widely expressed, multitasking molecular chaperone protein shown to play an important role in several vital cellular processes. Sigmar1 is encoded by SIGMAR1 gene, and mutations in this gene have been linked to several motor neuropathies, including distal hereditary motor neuropathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, silver‐like syndrome, and frontotemporal lobar degeneration. All these human mutations associated with motor neuropathies show strong manifestation in skeletal muscle with phenotypes like muscle wasting and atrophy. However, the physiological function of Sigmar1 in skeletal muscle remains unexplored. Objectives We focus on determining the physiological role of Sigmar1 in skeletal muscle structure and function. Methods and Results We first confirmed the mRNA and protein expression of Sigmar1 where different types of skeletal muscle, including gastrocnemius (Gastro), quadriceps (Quad), soleus (Sol), extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and tibialis anterior (TA) isolated from wildtype (Wt) mice showing a differential expression of Sigmar1 in different types of skeletal muscles. Morphometric analysis of different skeletal muscle isolated from Wt and Sigmar1 global knockout (Sigmar1 ‐/‐ ) mice showed a similar weight‐to‐tibia length ratio across the group in all these muscles. Quantification of myofiber cross‐sectional area (CSA) showed Gastro and Quad muscles isolated from Sigmar1 ‐/‐ mice had larger muscle mass whereas TA, Sol, and EDL from Sigmar1 ‐/‐ mice had smaller CSA compared to those from Wt mice. We also observed a slow‐to‐fast fiber‐type switch in the skeletal muscle fibers from the Sigmar1 ‐/‐ mice. Interestingly, ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy of skeletal muscles from Sigmar1 ‐/‐ mice showed the presence of tubular aggregates in the Gastro and TA muscles. We also observed derangement in dystrophin localization in skeletal muscles from Sigmar1 ‐/‐ mice. Additionally, skeletal muscles from Sigmar1 ‐/‐ mice showed an increased number of central nuclei H&amp;E staining), increased collagen deposition (Picro‐Sirius red staining), and fibrosis (Masson's trichrome staining). Functional studies via measurement of grip strength and treadmill exercise showed Sigmar1 ‐/‐ to have reduced endurance and exercise capacity compared to Wt mice. Conclusions Overall, our studies demonstrate a potential physiological function of Sigmar1 in the skeletal muscle in maintaining healthy muscle structure and function.
Report on ARtwin generic developments (2020)

This deliverable reports on the platform generic developments of WP3. It starts by listing and describing the roles identified in T3.1 as needed to the development and delivery of ARtwin. Next, it provides details on the interactions between those different roles. This helps clarify the place and scope of each role at different stages of developing and delivering ARtwin.
Effects of cooperative ionic motion on programming kinetics of conductive-bridge memory cells (2012)

Cooperative ionic motion is identified as a key physical effect influencing the programming kinetics of Ag/GeS2/W conductive-bridge memory cells. Cooperative effects are suggested to cause the time required to program virgin cells to: (i) deviate from the exponential voltage dependence typically observed at high voltage if the GeS2 is very thin and (ii) increase dramatically at low voltage when programmed with a pulse train having a low duty cycle. A previously reported model is shown to account for both phenomena, and a kinetic Monte Carlo algorithm is described for making quantitative calculations.
Two-way principal component analysis for matrix-variate data, with an application to functional magnetic resonance imaging data (2016)

Many modern neuroimaging studies acquire large spatial images of the brain observed sequentially over time. Such data are often stored in the forms of matrices. To model these matrix-variate data we introduce a class of separable processes using explicit latent process modeling. To account for the size and two-way structure of the data, we extend principal component analysis to achieve dimensionality reduction at the individual level. We introduce necessary identifiability conditions for each model and develop scalable estimation procedures. The method is motivated by and applied to a functional magnetic resonance imaging study designed to analyze the relationship between pain and brain activity.
In Situ Spectroscopic Analysis of Sub‐Second Switching Polymer Electrochromes (2011)

Abstract As electrochromic polymers can switch with a high transmittance contrast in the sub‐second time frame, an analytical tool to rapidly probe the electrochemically‐induced optical transition is required for characterization of these materials for electronic displays and smart windows. A novel technique is described to synchronize the electrochemical and optical measurements by utilizing an external trigger to facilitate coordinated communication between the potentiostat, which applies a voltage to the electrode supported electrochromic polymers, and the optical spectrometer that records the induced optical transitions. By using a spectrometer containing a photodiode array detector, these measurements are capable of rapid data acquisition to track the electrochromic change in the polymer films, with as many as 500 spectra captured during a one‐second switch of the polymer from a colored, neutral to highly transmissive state. Additionally, with this rapid, full‐spectral measurement, it is possible to trace the temporal evolution of the electrochromic change to determine the presence of intermediate color tones, as well as their duration. Here, three polymers are shown, ECP‐Magenta, ECP‐Green, and ECP‐Black, which obtain high transmittance contrast between 40 to 50 Δ%T, with sub‐second switching times measured in the range of 400 to 700 ms, demonstrating their potential for use in electrochromic windows and displays where rapid transitions are desired.
Acridine‐4‐Carboxamides and the Concept of Minimal DNA Intercalators (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: DNA Intercalation Definition Effect of Chromophore Size Effect of Chromophore Cross-sectional Thickness Intercalative Binding and Cytotoxicity Correlation of Cytotoxicity with Mode, Strength and Kinetics of Binding The Drive For Tight Binders; Chromophore and/or Side Chain Modulation Mechanism of Cytotoxicity of DNA Intercalators: Topoisomerase Poisoning Pharmacological Drawbacks of Tight DNA Binding: the Concept of “Minimal Intercalators” Classes of “Minimal Intercalators” Styrylquinolines 2-Phenylquinolines Phenylbenzimidazoles Phenazines Dibenzodioxins Acridinecarboxamides: the Development of DACA 9-Aminoacridine-4-carboxamides DACA and Other Acridine-4-carboxamides Conclusions
Der Riechsinn im alltäglichen Leben (2008)

An intact olfactory system affects all areas of life including the creation of new life, partner selection, daily hygiene, food intake, and the perception of danger from gas and smoke. The olfactory system is most effective from adolescence to middle age. With advancing age the regeneration of olfactory receptor cells decreases, often resulting in an increasing loss of smell. Functional anosmia affects 5% of the general population and 10% of those over 65. Therefore, olfactory dysfunctions are not uncommon. The following provides an overview of the physiology of smell, olfactory testing, special olfactory dysfunctions as well as treatment and general recommendations.
Provisions (2015)

Bitcoin exchanges function like banks, securely holding customers' bitcoins on their behalf. Several exchanges have suffered catastrophic losses with customers permanently losing their savings. A proof of solvency demonstrates cryptographically that the exchange controls sufficient reserves to settle each customer's account. We introduce Provisions, a privacy-preserving proof of solvency whereby an exchange does not have to disclose its Bitcoin addresses; total holdings or liabilities; or any information about its customers. We also propose an extension which prevents exchanges from colluding to cover for each other's losses. We have implemented Provisions and it offers practical computation times and proof sizes even for a large Bitcoin exchange with millions of customers.
Lightning warning systems (2010)

Previous chapters have dealt primarily with lightning protection of buildings, power systems and equipment, and principally from the point of view of minimizing or avoiding direct or induced damage from direct or nearby lightning strikes. In this chapter, we change the focus to discuss primarily lightning protection of people through providing advance notice of the threat of lightning. Although the primary focus of this chapter is on human safety in the presence of lightning, this material also has relevance in other areas of lightning protection and avoidance. For example, even though modern aircraft are capable of withstanding a triggered lightning discharge, other hazards posed by thunderstorms are a more serious threat. Examples are the severe thunderstorm downdrafts that may be encountered by aircraft upon take-off or landing and the icing and turbulence associated with the clouds aloft. In addition, the whole class of lightning protection methods known as &apos;active protection&apos; is based on shutting down sensitive systems or processes in advance of the presence of lightning.
Sequence learning in a spiking neuronal network with memristive synapses (2022)

Brain-inspired computing proposes a set of algorithmic principles that hold promise for advancing artificial intelligence. They endow systems with self learning capabilities, efficient energy usage, and high storage capacity. A core concept that lies at the heart of brain computation is sequence learning and prediction. This form of computation is essential for almost all our daily tasks such as movement generation, perception, and language. Understanding how the brain performs such a computation is not only important to advance neuroscience but also to pave the way to new technological brain-inspired applications. A previously developed spiking neural network implementation of sequence prediction and recall learns complex, high-order sequences in an unsupervised manner by local, biologically inspired plasticity rules. An emerging type of hardware that holds promise for efficiently running this type of algorithm is neuromorphic hardware. It emulates the way the brain processes information and maps neurons and synapses directly into a physical substrate. Memristive devices have been identified as potential synaptic elements in neuromorphic hardware. In particular, redox-induced resistive random access memories (ReRAM) devices stand out at many aspects. They permit scalability, are energy efficient and fast, and can implement biological plasticity rules. In this work, we study the feasibility of using ReRAM devices as a replacement of the biological synapses in the sequence learning model. We implement and simulate the model including the ReRAM plasticity using the neural simulator NEST. We investigate the effect of different device properties on the performance characteristics of the sequence learning model, and demonstrate resilience with respect to different on-off ratios, conductance resolutions, device variability, and synaptic failure.
Light-switchable quasi-BIC optical vortex generators (2022)

Optical vortices, the spatial modes of an electromagnetic wave carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), have attracted increasing interest because of their potential for applications in optical communication with enhanced security and channel capacity. A unique optical vortex (OV) generation method has been recently proposed based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase induced by the winding topology of polarization around a vortex singularity at bound states in the continuum (BIC). Compared with the recently emergent metasurface-based OV generators, which rely on spatial variations, the BIC-based OV generators have yielded advances in terms of design feasibility, fabrication complexity, and robustness. However, their applications in practical photonic systems are currently limited because OV generations from BIC-related devices originate from the topological property of the photonic bands and cannot be dynamically altered. Here, by leveraging the vortex topology in momentum space together with the nonlinear dynamics of silicon, we demonstrate that a silicon photonic crystal slab can realize optically switchable OV generation. In particular, the spatial tunability and the switching effects in the picosecond scale are studied using nonlinear modeling at near-infrared wavelengths. The demonstrated nontrivial topological nature of the active generators can expand the application of BIC-based devices to include ultrafast vortex beam generation, high-capacity optical communication, and mode-division multiplexing.
Convenient Preparation of Substituted 5‐Aminooxazoles via a Microwave‐Assisted Cornforth Rearrangement. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Growth Study of New Complex Oxide PbOxSe1–x Thin Films by Oxygen Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2019)

In this work, we introduce the growth of a new complex oxide lead oxy-chalcogenide (PbOxSe1–x) thin film using an oxygen plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy method. Freshly cleaved BaF2(111) wafers were used as the substrates for this growth study. Systematic characterization of X-ray diffraction peaks, Raman shifts, absorption spectra, scanning electron microscopic imaging, and Hall measurements were conducted to elucidate the structural, optical, and electric properties of the as-grown PbOxSe1–x thin films. Specifically, X-ray diffraction measurements revealed that PbOxSe1–x films maintained the same rock-salt crystal structure as the PbSe semiconductor, but a slight shift in the lattice parameter was observed. A blue shift in the optical absorption edge also suggests that the inclusion of oxygen atoms led to the formation of a ternary compound crystal structure. Furthermore, all PbOxSe1–x thin films were observed to be polycrystalline in nature and displayed preferred [100] orientated grains. Slight variations in LO and TO phonon peak positions were also observed under Raman spectroscopy, signifying the presence of lead–oxygen bonding. This new type of complex oxide thin film has never been reported and could potentially be used to develop advanced optoelectronic devices, including mid-infrared photodetectors and light-emitting devices.
Data from MicroRNA Gene Expression Deregulation in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small noncoding RNAs that control gene expression by targeting mRNAs and triggering either translation repression or RNA degradation. Their aberrant expression may be involved in human diseases, including cancer. Indeed, miRNA aberrant expression has been previously found in human chronic lymphocytic leukemias, where miRNA signatures were associated with specific clinicobiological features. Here, we show that, compared with normal breast tissue, miRNAs are also aberrantly expressed in human breast cancer. The overall miRNA expression could clearly separate normal versus cancer tissues, with the most significantly deregulated miRNAs being &lt;i&gt;mir-125b, mir-145, mir-21&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;mir-155&lt;/i&gt;. Results were confirmed by microarray and Northern blot analyses. We could identify miRNAs whose expression was correlated with specific breast cancer biopathologic features, such as estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, tumor stage, vascular invasion, or proliferation index.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;