gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Magnetic Design Method Considering DC-Biased Magnetization for Integrated Magnetic Components Used in Multiphase Boost Converters (2017)

High power density and high efficiency in dc/dc converters are required in various applications such as the automotive application. Interleaved multiphase circuits with integrated magnetic components can fulfill these requirements because passive components occupying significant space in power converters can be downsized without high-switching frequency driving of power devices. However, dc-biased magnetization is a drawback of integrated magnetic components because of unbalanced inductor average currents. This imbalance arises from the tolerance among the phase components. To overcome this problem, inductor average current control is implemented in interleaved multiphase dc/dc converters. Nevertheless, the imbalance cannot be completely eliminated because the current sensors inserted into each phase have gain errors. The purpose of this paper is to present a magnetic design method to improve the immunity to unbalanced currents. A comprehensive analysis is carried out with two main objectives: to prevent magnetic saturation, which may arise due to the current unbalance and to downsize the magnetic components by selecting the optimal coupling coefficient taking into consideration the maximum permissible percentage of unbalanced currents. Simulation case studies are presented to support the analysis. Finally, a 1-kW prototype of the interleaved boost converter is built to validate the accuracy of the design method.
Macrophage Transcriptional Responses following In Vitro Infection with a Highly Virulent African Swine Fever Virus Isolate (2006)

We used a porcine microarray containing 2,880 cDNAs to investigate the response of macrophages to infection by a virulent African swine fever virus (ASFV) isolate, Malawi LIL20/1. One hundred twenty-five targets were found to be significantly altered at either or both 4 h and 16 h postinfection compared with targets after mock infection. These targets were assigned into three groups according to their temporal expression profiles. Eighty-six targets showed increased expression levels at 4 h postinfection but returned to expression levels similar to those in mock-infected cells at 16 h postinfection. These encoded several proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, surface proteins, and proteins involved in cell signaling and trafficking pathways. Thirty-four targets showed increased expression levels at 16 h postinfection compared to levels at 4 h postinfection and in mock-infected cells. One host gene showed increased expression levels at both 4 and 16 h postinfection compared to levels in mock-infected cells. The microarray results were validated for 12 selected genes by quantitative real-time PCR. Levels of protein expression and secretion were measured for two proinflammatory cytokines, interleukin 1beta and tumor necrosis factor alpha, during a time course of infection with either the virulent Malawi LIL20/1 isolate or the OUR T88/3 nonpathogenic isolate. The results revealed differences between these two ASFV isolates in the amounts of these cytokines secreted from infected cells.
A Temporal Kernel Approach for Deep Learning with Continuous-time Information (2021)

Sequential deep learning models such as RNN, causal CNN and attention mechanism do not readily consume continuous-time information. Discretizing the temporal data, as we show, causes inconsistency even for simple continuous-time processes. Current approaches often handle time in a heuristic manner to be consistent with the existing deep learning architectures and implementations. In this paper, we provide a principled way to characterize continuous-time systems using deep learning tools. Notably, the proposed approach applies to all the major deep learning architectures and requires little modifications to the implementation. The critical insight is to represent the continuous-time system by composing neural networks with a temporal kernel, where we gain our intuition from the recent advancements in understanding deep learning with Gaussian process and neural tangent kernel. To represent the temporal kernel, we introduce the random feature approach and convert the kernel learning problem to spectral density estimation under reparameterization. We further prove the convergence and consistency results even when the temporal kernel is non-stationary, and the spectral density is misspecified. The simulations and real-data experiments demonstrate the empirical effectiveness of our temporal kernel approach in a broad range of settings.
Effects of Synovex-S and recombinant bovine growth hormone (Somavubove) on growth responses of steers: II. Muscle morphology and proximate composition of muscles. (1996)

Twenty crossbred beef steers (initial BW 182 +/- 1.8 kg) were used in a 2 x 2 factorial to determine the effects of implantation with Synovex-S (SYN; 20 mg 17-beta estradiol benzoate + 200 mg progesterone, ear implant) and administration of recombinant bovine growth hormone (Somavubove SbV, .1 mg.kgBW-1.d-1, i.m.) on the morphology of six muscles (longissimus, psoas major, supraspinatus, triceps brachii, semitendinosus, rectus femoris) of growing steers. Implantation with SYN decreased the percentage distribution of FOG fibers and increased FG fibers in the supraspinatus and rectus femoris muscles (P < .05). Steers treated with SYN had a larger area of SO and FG fibers in the psoas major muscle (P < .05). The administration of SbV decreased the percentage distribution of FOG fibers and increased FG fibers in the rectus femoris muscle (P < .05). Steers administered SbV had larger SO, FOG, and FG fibers in the psoas major muscle and SO fibers in the supraspinatus and semitendinosus muscles (P < .05). The combined administration of SYN and SbV had minimal, if any, effect on the percentage distribution of fiber types (P > .05) but increased (P < .05) the fiber areas of all muscles (18.5 to 54.8%) except the rectus femoris (P > .05). Proximate composition of the muscles was generally not affected (P > .05) by any of the treatments. The only observations were decreases in fat content for psoas major and rectus femoris muscles as a result of the combined administration of SYN and SbV. These results indicate that both growth-promoting agents, SYN and SbV, have potential to increase muscle fiber size, but muscles respond differently to the administrations of SYN and SbV. However, when SYN and SbV are administered in combination, the combined effects result in an additive increase in muscle fiber hypertrophic response.
Bulk and Surface Modification of LiMn1.5Ni0.5O4 Materials As 5-V Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Real-time flexible endoscope navigation within bladder phantom having sparse non-distinct features is enhanced with robotic control (2022)

Endoscopic inspection of the bladder is called cystoscopy, and over 1 million are performed annually in the USA.1 Robotic assistance of the procedure is being considered to overcome healthcare disparities due to geographic distances. To ensure safety, real-time navigation by simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) of the cystoscope in the bladder is desired. However, the near-featureless bladder wall and irregular movement of the monocular cystoscope by manual operation has made SLAM-based navigation a difficult challenge. In this work we develop a robot-assisted approach in a bladder phantom using a commercial flexible cystoscope. With this simple remote-controlled robot, we have succeeded in creating a series of real-time 2.5D reconstructions of the bladder interior wall. In post-processing, we combine those 2.5D results and achieve a 3D reconstruction. We compared SLAM performance using the robot and manual control under different scanning speeds. In comparison to manual control using the same cystoscope at 1x, 2x and 3x speeds, the robotic-assistance provides significantly more robust and accurate reconstructions of the camera trajectories and bladder wall locations in real-time.
Identification of CDRH3 loops in the B cell receptor repertoire that can be engaged by candidate immunogens (2023)

A major goal for the development of vaccines against rapidly mutating viruses, such as influenza or HIV, is to elicit antibodies with broad neutralization capacity. However, B cell precursors capable of maturing into broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) can be rare in the immune repertoire. Due to the stochastic nature of B cell receptor (BCR) rearrangement, a limited number of third heavy chain complementary determining region (CDRH3) sequences are identical between different individuals. Thus, in order to successfully engage broadly neutralizing antibody precursors that rely on their CDRH3 loop for antigen recognition, immunogens must be able to tolerate sequence diversity in the B cell receptor repertoire across an entire vaccinated population. Here, we present a combined experimental and computational approach to identify BCRs in the human repertoire with CDRH3 loops predicted to be engaged by a target immunogen. For a given antibody/antigen pair, deep mutational scanning was first used to measure the effect of CDRH3 loop substitution on binding. BCR sequences, isolated experimentally or generated in silico, were subsequently evaluated to identify CDRH3 loops expected to be bound by the candidate immunogen. We applied this method to characterize two HIV-1 germline-targeting immunogens and found differences in the frequencies with which they are expected to engage target B cells, thus illustrating how this approach can be used to evaluate candidate immunogens towards B cell precursors engagement and to inform immunogen optimization strategies for more effective vaccine design.
Stability and Blood Compatibility of Polylipid/Hb (1992)

The Polylipid/Hb vesicle is a new artificial red cell (ARC) based on liposome-encapsulated Hb. Advantages are derived from the stabilized liposomal bilayer membranes, obtained by polymerization of 1,2-bis(2,4-octadecadienoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phospho choline (DODPC). Furthermore, blood compatibility in vitro are good.
A Novel Single-Turn Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine for Electric Aircraft (2023)

This paper proposes a novel multi-phase single-turn permanent magnet synchronous motor (MSPMSM) to meet the stringent requirements of electric aircraft, such as high power density, high torque, and low mass and volume. The MSPMSM features a unique single-turn winding configuration, which can reduce the coil overhang, increase the power density and torque, and reduce the weight of the motor in conventional multi-turn motors. The proposed MSPMSM is studied by the finite element method (FEM) and compared to a conventional PMSM with the same geometry and PM usage. The performance comparison results under different load conditions show that the proposed MSPMSM has higher torque and power density than the conventional motor.
Legal limits of the fight against tobacco consumption in multi-level governance (2011)

Die Autoren untersuchen am Beispiel der aktuellen Bestrebungen zur Verschärfung der Regelungen über den Tabakkonsum umfassend die völker-, europa- und verfassungsrechtlichen Grenzen, denen die Legislative bei solchen Eingriffen unterliegt. Hierbei nehmen sie, vor allem unter Kompetenzgesichtspunkten und Grundrechtsaspekten, zunächst die zur Revision anstehende Tabakproduktrichtlinie der Europäischen Union in den Blick. In einem weiteren Schritt wenden sie sich der möglichen Umsetzung der guidelines zur WHO-Rahmenkonvention über den Tabakkonsum durch die Mitgliedstaaten zu und zeigen die materiellrechtlichen Schranken dieses Vorhabens auf.
Insights into endotoxin-mediated lung inflammation and future treatment strategies (2018)

Airway inflammatory disorders are prevalent diseases in need of better management and new therapeutics. Immunotherapies offer a solution to the problem of corticosteroid resistance. Areas covered: The current review focuses on lipopolysaccharide (Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin)-mediated inflammation in the lung and the animal models used to study related diseases. Endotoxin-induced lung pathology is usually initiated by antigen presenting cells (APC). We will discuss different subsets of APC including lung dendritic cells and macrophages, and their role in responding to endotoxin and environmental challenges. Expert commentary: The pharmacotherapeutic considerations to combat airway inflammation should cost-effectively improve quality of life with sustainable and safe strategies. Selectively targeting APCs in the lung offer the potential for a promising new strategy for the better management and treatment of inflammatory lung disease.
Plasmonic transmission color filters with narrow linewidth and enhanced out-of-band suppression (2021)

We investigate hybrid dielectric-metallic transmission color filters for cost-effective, narrow linewidth filters that are fully CMOS compatible. Through the interference of the resonance phenomena in a metallic hole array with a magnetic dipole resonance in a dielectric nanopillar, a narrow linewidth transmission window is opened. An additional metal cover on top of the pillar further suppresses transmission at longer wavelengths due to a localized surface plasmon polariton. FDTD simulations predict a transmission of over 50% and a linewidth of down to 25 nm for the green filter. The out-of-band suppression is lower compared to previously reported metal-insulator-metal filters.
An Analysis of Visual Question Answering Algorithms (2017)

In visual question answering (VQA), an algorithm must answer text-based questions about images. While multiple datasets for VQA have been created since late 2014, they all have flaws in both their content and the way algorithms are evaluated on them. As a result, evaluation scores are inflated and predominantly determined by answering easier questions, making it difficult to compare different methods. In this paper, we analyze existing VQA algorithms using a new dataset. It contains over 1.6 million questions organized into 12 different categories. We also introduce questions that are meaningless for a given image to force a VQA system to reason about image content. We propose new evaluation schemes that compensate for over-represented question-types and make it easier to study the strengths and weaknesses of algorithms. We analyze the performance of both baseline and state-of-the-art VQA models, including multi-modal compact bilinear pooling (MCB), neural module networks, and recurrent answering units. Our experiments establish how attention helps certain categories more than others, determine which models work better than others, and explain how simple models (e.g. MLP) can surpass more complex models (MCB) by simply learning to answer large, easy question categories.
Allocolchicinoid Synthesis via Direct Arylation (2005)

[reaction: see text] A formal enantioselective synthesis of allocolchicine and a synthesis of a C-ring analogue have been achieved by employing an intramolecular direct arylation of an aryl chloride to form the biaryl carbon-carbon bond and the seven-membered ring.
Growth and Electrical Characterization of Horizontally Aligned CNTs (2009)

Nickel catalyst nanoparticles acting as nucleating seeds for carbon nanotube (CNT) growth were selectively deposited on the sidewalls of titanium nitride (TiN) electrodes by electrochemical deposition (ECD) from a Ni2+ electrolyte solution. Horizontal aligned CNTs were grown selectively from the sidewalls of these TiN electrodes forming a bridging CNT contact between the electrode gaps. Current-voltage measurements demonstrated this could be a promising technique towards nanoscale interconnections and nanoelectronic devices with resistance values for the bridging CNTs as low as 300Ω.
Light Scattering by Radially Inhomogeneous Spheres to Study Droplet Evaporation (1996)

In the last years, many optical systems, based on the measure of the properties of elastically scattered light, have been developed to determine in non intrusive way the velocity, the size and the optical properties of single droplets inside sprays. The Lorenz-Mie theory [1], which is strictly valid for homogeneous spheres, is usually used as base of these techniques. However, in real sprays, due to the heating of the droplets, the real part n of the refractive index of the liquid phase changes for the reduction of its density, while the imaginary part k increase if absorbing species are formed inside the droplets [2]. In these cases the Lorenz-Mie theory is not adequate and more sophisticated models to interpret the light scattering by inhomogeneous sphere must be employed.
Highly Selective and Potent Agonists of Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate 1 (S1P1) Receptor. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESE VON 1,3‐DIMERCAPTOBENZOLEN AUS RESORCINEN UEBER DIE NEWMAN‐KWART‐UMLAGERUNG (1973)

Abstract Resorcin und seine substituierten Derivate (I) reagieren mit dem Thiocarbamoylchlorid (II) zu den O‐Arylestern (III), die sich beim Erhitzen mit oder ohne Lösungsmittel (Sulfolan oder Diphenyläther) ‐ nach Newman‐Kwart ‐ in die Thiocarbamidsäure‐S‐arylester (IV) umlagern.
A system for evaluating 3D pointing techniques (2012)

This demo presents a desktop VR system for evaluating human performance in 3D pointing tasks. The system supports different input devices (e.g., mouse and 6DOF remote pointer), pointing techniques (e.g., screen-plane and depth cursors), and cursor visualization styles (e.g., one-eyed and stereo 3D cursors). The objective is to comprehensively compare all combinations of these conditions. We especially focus in on fair and direct comparisons between 2D and 3D pointing tasks. Finally, our system includes a new pointing technique that outperforms standard ray pointing.
Interference of Single Photons from Two Separate Semiconductor Quantum Dots (2010)

We demonstrate and characterize interference between discrete photons emitted by two separate semiconductor quantum dot states in different samples excited by a pulsed laser. Their energies are tuned into resonance using strain. The photons have a total coalescence probability of 18.1% and the coincidence rate is below the classical limit. Postselection of coincidences within a narrow time window increases the coalescence probability to 47%. The probabilities are reduced from unity because of dephasing and the postselection value is also reduced by the detector time response.
Relative anti‐caries efficacy of 1100, 1700, 2200, and 2800 ppm fluoride ion in a sodium fluoride dentifrice over 1 year (2001)

Abstract – There is limited evidence from clinical trials on the dose response of sodium fluoride dentifrices at concentrations above 1100 ppm fluoride ion, with respect to caries efficacy. This randomized, double‐blind study examined the anti‐caries effectiveness of sodium fluoride dentifrices containing 1700 ppm, 2200 ppm and 2800 ppm fluoride ion relative to an 1100 ppm fluoride ion control. A population of 5439 elementary schoolchildren, aged 6–15 years, was recruited from an urban central Ohio area with a low fluoride content water supply (&lt;0.3 ppm). Subjects were examined by visual‐tactile and radiographic examination at baseline and after 1, 2, and 3 years of using the sodium fluoride dentifrices. Subjects were stratified according to gender, age and baseline DMFS scores derived from the visual‐tactile baseline examination and randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: 0.243% sodium fluoride (1100 ppm fluoride ion), 0.376% sodium fluoride (1700 ppm fluoride ion), 0.486% sodium fluoride (2200 ppm fluoride ion), and 0.619% sodium fluoride (2800 ppm fluoride ion). All products were formulated with the same fluoride compatible silica abrasive. Results after 1 year provided evidence of a positive sodium fluoride dose response. Compared to the 1100 ppm fluoride treatment group, the 1700 ppm fluoride treatment group had an 11.0% reduction in DMFS that was not statistically significant, while the 2200 ppm and 2800 ppm fluoride treatment groups showed statistically significant ( P&lt; 0.05) reductions of 18.6% and 20.4%, respectively. The reductions in caries delivered by the higher fluoride dentifrices were present across all tooth surface types, but were most pronounced for occlusal surfaces. Results at years 2 and 3 were confounded by a concurrent fluoride rinse program, which involved portions of the study population. While the trends for the higher fluoride dentifrices observed at year 1 remained at years 2 and 3, the difference observed between treatments were substantially less and failed to reach statistical significance ( P&lt; 0.05). Collectively, the data demonstrate that the 2200 ppm and the 2800 ppm fluoride treatments delivered statistically significantly greater caries efficacy than the 1100 ppm fluoride treatment. This large‐scale clinical trial provides evidence of a positive statistically significant dose relationship between dental caries and sodium fluoride in a dentifrice at levels above 1100 ppm fluoride at year 1.
Informed postprocessing for auditory roughness removal for low-bitrate audio coders (2021)

139
Physicochemical structure of a polyacrylic acid stabilized nanoparticle alum (nanoalum) adjuvant governs TH1 differentiation of CD4+ T cells (2020)

The growing shift to subunit antigen vaccines underscores the need for adjuvants that can enhance the magnitude and quality of immune response. Aluminum salts or alums are the first adjuvants with a long history of clinical use. Alum predominantly induces T helper 2 (TH2) type immunity in animal models, characterized by antibody production with little to no induction of antigen-specific T cells. The lack of cell-mediated or T helper 1 (TH1) immunity makes alum adjuvants ineffective in mounting durable responses against diseases like tuberculosis, malaria and HIV. Here we show that the clinically approved adjuvant, Alhydrogel, reformulated as a stable nanoparticle (nanoalum) with the anionic polymer polyacrylic acid (PAA) induces structure-dependent TH1 response against the recombinant tuberculosis antigen ID93. We found that PAA adsorption to Alhydrogel was a key parameter affecting nanoalum adjuvanticity. Adsorption depended on various factors, most notably formulation pH, and directly correlated with immunological response in mice, enhancing known hallmarks of a murine TH1 type response: induction of antigen-specific IFN-γ secreting CD4+ T cells and IgG2c subclass of antibodies. Our results demonstrate a correlation between a measurable nanoalum property and immunological response, providing a structural basis to derive a beneficial immunological outcome from a clinically approved adjuvant.
Impact of a Vancomycin-Induced Shift of the Gut Microbiome in a Gram-Negative Direction on Plasma Factor VIII:C Levels: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial (2021)

The found slight increases in FVIII:C and CRP levels might support the hypothesis that a vancomycin-induced gram-negative shift in the gut microbiome could induce increased systemic inflammation and thereby a procoagulant state.
High speed quantum wire photodetectors (1990)

Recent advances in both epitaxial growth and processing techniques have led to the fabrication and characterization of semiconductor quantum wires.1–3 The inherent density of states function in an ideal quantum wire has been shown4 to result in an infinite absorption peak at each quantum transition edge. Using the effective mass approximation, the idealized interband absorption in a 100- × 100-A GaAs quantum wire is shown in Fig. 1, in which the absorption spectrum in bulk GaAs is also shown for comparison.
TLE3 is not a predictive biomarker for taxane sensitivity in the NCIC CTG MA.21 clinical trial (2015)

Proportionately more MA.21 patient tumours than expected were TLE3+. The pre-specified TLE3+ cut-point of 30% was not predictive of taxane benefit. TLE3 expression does not represent a viable biomarker for taxane benefit in breast cancer.