gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prototyping Strategies to Engage Stakeholders During Early Stages of Design: A Study Across Three Design Domains (2023)

Abstract Using prototypes to engage stakeholders during front-end design activities is crucial for successful design outcomes. Compared to prototyping that is used for iterative refinement during back-end engineering design activities, prototyping that informs problem definition, requirements and specifications development, concept generation, and other front-end design activities is understudied. To identify patterns in prototyping strategies for engaging stakeholders during the design front end, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 design practitioners across three product design domains: automotive, consumer products, and medical devices. Seventeen strategies evident across the collection of practitioners were used in generally consistent ways, with some variation based on context, e.g., project scope, stakeholders engaged, and the stakeholder interaction situation. Twelve of those 17 strategies were used by industry practitioners across the three domains, and five of those 17 strategies were used by practitioners from the medical device domain and either the automotive or consumer products domain. The descriptions and in-context examples of prototyping strategies used to engage stakeholders during front-end design can guide the design strategies of both experienced and novice designers.
P1–127: Distinguishing neurodegenerative disorders with tau pathology using MRNA expression microarrays (2006)

Despite intensive research, the etiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), Pick's disease (PiD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) and Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is still largely unknown. Due to the overlap between these diseases clinical diagnosis of these patients is difficult. Even on post–mortem material classification of disease type is labour intensive and complex. Microarrays can provide insight in the complexity and relationships between diseases and normal aging, as they provide data of the simultaneous activity of multiple genes and cellular pathways. This makes microarrays an ideal platform for disease classification. Our objective was to investigate whether microarrays can be used for disease classification. We analysed snap frozen post–mortem tissue from the medial temporal lobe of pathology confirmed patients with four different tauopathies AD, PSP, PiD, FTD and control subjects for gene expression. To exclude as much non–disease–related variation all patients were age, gender, APOE–ϵ and MAPT (tau) haplotype matched. Using several rounds of analysis we identified a set of 166 genes that can discriminate all patient groups from controls. Furthermore PSP and AD and FTD/PiD also clustered into separate clusters. These findings are a first step towards the development of an accurate microarray–based classification test.
AMS-02 antiprotons reloaded (2015)

The AMS-02 collaboration has released preliminary data on the antiproton fraction in cosmic rays. The surprisingly hard antiproton spectrum at high rigidity has triggered speculations about a possible primary antiproton component originating from dark matter annihilations. In this note, we employ newly available AMS-02 boron to carbon data to update the secondary antiproton flux within the standard two-zone diffusion model. The new background permits a considerably better fit to the measured antiproton fraction compared to previous estimates. This is mainly a consequence of the smaller slope of the diffusion coefficient favored by the new AMS-02 boron to carbon data.
Use of Anion Gap for the Quality Control of Electrolyte Analyzers (1983)

A simple model for the simulation of patient Na, CO2, Cl, and anion gap was formulated from patient electrolyte data. Analytical error, either random or systematic, was incorporated into the simulation of the electrolyte data and allowed study of the response of anion gap to error. Power functions, plots of probability of error detection vs. size of analytical error, were constructed and indicated a low probability of error detection when single patient specimens with abnormal anion gaps were reanalyzed. These power functions showed that pooling of the anion gap data by averaging consecutive anion gaps resulted in a high probability for detecting systematic error. We recommend, as a useful quality control procedure, averaging at least eight consecutive anion gaps and testing for a significant difference between the average and the established mean gap.
Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Intra-Host Populations Are Characterized by Numerous High Frequency Variants (2016)

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is an emerging human pathogen related to SARS virus. In vitro studies indicate this virus may have a broad host range suggesting an increased pandemic potential. Genetic and epidemiological evidence indicate camels serve as a reservoir for MERS virus but the mechanism of cross species transmission is unclear and many questions remain regarding the susceptibility of humans to infection. Deep sequencing data was obtained from the nasal samples of three camels that had been experimentally infected with a human MERS-CoV isolate. A majority of the genome was covered and average coverage was greater than 12,000x depth. Although only 5 mutations were detected in the consensus sequences, 473 intrahost single nucleotide variants were identified. Many of these variants were present at high frequencies and could potentially influence viral phenotype and the sensitivity of detection assays that target these regions for primer or probe binding.
Placental growth factor in cancer (2014)

Preclinical studies show that inhibition of PLGF, either by genetic inhibition or by pharmacological blockade using distinct independently generated anti-PLGF antibodies, slows down tumor growth and metastasis and even induces regression of pre-existing medulloblastoma, the most frequent brain cancer in children. These promising preclinical findings, together with the acceptable safety profile of anti-PLGF administration in Phase I clinical trials, have attracted attention to PLGF as a potential target for therapy.
Fast Torque Response and Reduced Pulse Width Modulation Switching Frequency Based on Model Predictive Direct Torque Control and Selective Harmonic Elimination (2018)

Optimized pulse patterns, such as the selective harmonic elimination pulse width modulation (PWM) pattern (SHE-PWM) are used to suppress current harmonics at steady-state. However, achieving fast dynamic performance is very difficult in systems operated by SHE-PWM. This paper proposes a method that combines the performance of SHE-PWM at a steady-state with the fast torque response of model predictive direct torque control at the transient-state. Finally, the control performance of the proposed system is evaluated based on the experimental results.
A stereo nine-band camera for accurate color and spectrum reproduction (2012)

In the digital archiving for cultural heritage preservation, in the medical field, and in some industrial fields, high-fidelity color reproduction is very important. Multiband imaging technology is a solution for accurate color reproduction. Although several types of multiband camera systems have been developed, all of them are multi-shot systems and they cannot take images of moving objects. Tsuchida et al. [2010] have developed a one-shot stereo six-band camera system using two commercial digital cameras. This system is very reasonable in terms of cost, but the distance between the cameras causes self occlusion disparity problems when the object has 3D shape. In addition, the number of color channels of camera system should be increased for further improvement of the accuracy of estimated spectral reflectance. In this paper, we propose a stereo nine-band camera consisting of nine monochrome cameras with nine different interference filters. A nine-band image is generated from nine stereo images captured by this system. Estimated spectral reflectance and reproduced color images reproduced in experiments are shown.
A 1.8-Gb/s/Pin 16-Tb NAND Flash Memory Multi-Chip Package With F-Chip for High-Performance and High-Capacity Storage (2021)

This article presents a 1.2-V, 1.8-Gb/s/pin 16-Tb NAND flash memory multi-chip package incorporating 16 dies of 1-Tb NAND flash memory and the third-generation F-chip. The proposed third-generation F-chip is developed to meet the performance requirements of a high-capacity storage device that adopts a PCIe Gen four-host interface for higher data throughput. It is implemented with dual bi-directional transceiver architecture and signal retiming scheme to maximize the valid data window opening on solid-state drive (SSD) channels. Also, it facilitates training between F-chip and NAND using an on-chip delay-locked loop whose locking is proposed in strobe-based NAND systems to achieve sufficient signal integrity (SI) of the in-package channel at a speed of 1.8 Gb/s/pin. Embedded built-in self-test evaluates un-selected paths and determines if re-training is required without losing data throughput performance. This work achieves a 35% improvement in the I/O operational speed performance and a 23% reduction in the I/O power consumption in comparison with the previous generations.
Human monoclonal autoantibodies specific for the bullous pemphigoid antigen 1 (BPAg 1). (1994)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired blistering skin disease associated with the production of IgG autoantibodies to the 230-kDa BP Ag (BPAg1). To better characterize the epitopes of BPAg1, we generated immortalized B cell lines secreting human mAbs (HumAbs) to BPAg1 from two BP patients whose sera reacted with native BPAg1 but not with a recombinant BP55 carboxyl-terminal peptide. Ab-producing B cell lines were established by EBV infection of CD40-activated PBMCs. Three independent clonal lines were obtained that secreted IgG HumAbs, including one IgG1 kappa (BP3) and two distinct IgG4 kappa (BP1 and BP2). These three HumAbs immunoprecipitated BPAg1. Blocking immunofluorescence experiments and phylogenetic studies showed that these Abs recognize different epitopes of BPAg1. This analysis with HumAbs further extends the serologic demonstration of the wide variety of epitopes recognized by BPAg1 autoantibodies which contrasts with the limited number of epitopes recognized by thyroid peroxidase monoclonal autoantibodies.
Quantum State Tomography with a Single Observable (2017)

Quantum information science relies on a crucial issue: characterizing quantum states from measurements. This is done through a process called Quantum State Tomography (QST). However, QST requires a large number of measurements, each derived from a different physical observable corresponding to a different experimental setup. Changing the setup results in unwanted changes to the data, prolongs the measurement and impairs the assumptions made about the noise. Here, we propose to overcome these drawbacks by performing QST with a single observable. A single observable can often be realized by a single setup, thus considerably reducing the experimental effort. To overcome the lack of sufficient measurements in a single observable, we exploit the fact that the sought state is often close to a pure state, as well as increasing the system dimension by adding an ancilla that couples to information in the system. We demonstrate our approach on multi-photon states by recovering structured quantum states from a single observable, in a single experimental setup.
On the Global Convergence of (Fast) Incremental Expectation Maximization Methods (2019)

International audience
Selective Laminin-Directed Differentiation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells into Distinct Ocular Lineages (2018)

report that laminin isoforms differentially regulate the ocular cell differentiation from hiPSCs. The binding affinity of laminin
A Parallel Bit Map Processor Architecture for DA Algorithms (1981)

Bit maps have been used in many Design Automation (DA) algorithms such as printed circuit board (PCB) layout and integrated circuit (IC) design rule checking (DRC). The attraction of bit maps is that they provide a direct representation of two-dimensional images. The difficulty with large scale use of bit maps (e.g., for DRC on VLSI) is that the large amounts of data can consume impractical amounts of computation on sequential machines. This paper describes a processing architecture that is specifically designed to operate on bit maps. It has an inherently two-dimensional construction and has a very large parallel processing capability. Also included in this paper are descriptions of algorithms that exploit the architecture. Algorithms for routing, DRC, and bit vector manipulation are included.
Investigating the Phase Transition of VO2(M) to VO2(R) Via Lithium-Ion Electrochemistry (2021)

Vanadium dioxides exist as different polymorphs, each with unique electrochemical properties. Herein, we investigate the monoclinic to rutile transition of vanadium dioxide using different temperatures. The transition from monoclinic to rutile is characterized using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction and electrochemical performance is performed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and intermittent pulsatile galvanostatic discharge tests in a lithium-ion environment. The experimental results indicate a decrease in ohmic resistance when lithium-ion cells are tested at higher temperatures. Density functional theory calculations also identified a possible Li x VO 2 (M) to L ix VO 2 (R) phase transition during the discharging process. Since the monoclinic to rutile transition corresponds to an increase of electrical conductivity by 2 orders of magnitude this can favorably impact the function of a lithium-based electrochemical cell.
Improved noninvasive prediction of liver fibrosis by liver stiffness measurement in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease accounting for controlled attenuation parameter values (2016)

In patients with NAFLD, CAP values should always be taken into account in order to avoid overestimations of liver fibrosis assessed by transient elastography. (Hepatology 2017;65:1145-1155).
Inverse Pneumatic Artificial Muscles for Application in Low‐Cost Ventilators (2020)

The procurement and maintenance cost of high-end ventilators preclude their stockpiles sufficient for the mass emergency situations. Therefore, there is a significant demand for mechanical ventilators in such situations. Herein, a low-cost, portable, yet high-performance design for a volume-controlled mechanical ventilator is proposed. Pneumatic artificial muscles, such as air cylinders, are used in the inverse mode of operation to achieve mechanical ventilation. With the current design, the two fundamental modes of operation (controlled mode and assisted mode) are demonstrated. Unlike most intensive care unit ventilators, the proposed device does not need a high-pressure air pipeline to operate. The device is capable of mechanical ventilation for respiration rate ranging from 10 to 30 b min<sup>-1</sup> with a tidal volume (<i>VT</i>) range of 150-1000 mL and the <i>I:E</i> ratio of 1:1-1:5. A total cost of less than $400 USD is achieved to make one device. The cost to produce the device in larger volumes can be estimated to be less than $250 USD.
Targeting two distinct epitopes on human CD73 with a bispecific antibody improves anticancer activity (2022)

Our data collectively demonstrate that complementary anticancer mechanisms of action of distinct anti-CD73 Abs can be combined and enhanced in a biparatopic bsAb. The multiple mechanisms of action and superior activity compared with the monospecific parental Abs make the bsAb a promising candidate for therapeutic targeting of CD73 in cancer. This concept may greatly improve future Ab design.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Three‐Component Highly Selective Synthesis of Homoallylboronates by Using Metal‐Free Catalysis. (2012)

Abstract The first one‐pot three‐component reaction of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes with bis(pinacolatoborane) (II) and triphenylphosphoranylideneacetate (III) is presented, which proceeds readily in the presence of catalytic amounts of N,N′‐dicyclohexylimidazolium salt.
Antibody profiling of canine IgG responses to the OspC protein of the Lyme disease spirochetes supports a multivalent approach in vaccine and diagnostic assay development (2016)

OspC performs essential functions during the enzootic cycle of the Lyme disease (LD) spirochetes. In this study, the specificity of antibody (Ab) responses to OspC was profiled to define the antigenic determinants during infection and after vaccination. Several OspC variants or 'types' were screened with serum from SNAP4Dx C6 positive dogs and with serum from rabbits hyperimmunized with OspC proteins. The OspC type-specific nature of the Ab response revealed that variable domains of OspC are immunodominant during infection and upon vaccination. To assess the potential of OspC to elicit Ab in the context of a bacterin vaccine, OspC production in strains cultivated in vitro was assessed. Immunoblot and indirect immunofluorescent antibody analyses demonstrated that production is low and that only a subset of cells actively produces OspC in vitro, raising questions about the potential of bacterin vaccines to stimulate significant anti-OspC Ab responses. The specificity of the OspC Ab response in experimentally infected mice over time was assessed to determine if domains shielded in the OspC homodimer become accessible and stimulate Ab production as infection progresses. The results demonstrate that the OspC Ab response remains focused on surface exposed variable regions of the protein throughout infection. In contrast to some earlier studies, it is concluded that conserved domains of OspC, including the C7 or C10 domain, do not elicit significant Ab responses during infection or upon vaccination. Collectively, the results indicate that OspC diversity must be considered in vaccine design and in the interpretation of diagnostic assays that employ OspC as a diagnostic antigen.
Single nucleotide polymorphisms in bone turnover-related genes in Koreans: ethnic differences in linkage disequilibrium and haplotype (2007)

Through the resequencing of 81 osteoporosis candidate genes, 118 unknown SNPs with a minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05 were discovered in the Korean population. In addition, using the common SNPs between our study and HapMap, an analysis of genetic diversity and deviation in heterozygosity was performed and the polymorphisms of the above genes among the five populations were substantially differentiated from one another. Further studies of osteoporosis could utilize the polymorphisms identified in our data since they may have important implications for the selection of highly informative SNPs for future association studies.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Chemistry of Metal‐Crown Ether and Polyethylene Glycol Complexes Excluding Groups 1 and 2 (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Implicitly parallel programming models for thousand-core microprocessors (2007)

This paper argues for an implicitly parallel programming model for many-core microprocessors, and provides initial technical approaches towards this goal. In an implicitly parallel programming model, programmers maximize algorithm-level parallelism, express their parallel algorithms by asserting high-level properties on top of a traditional sequential programming language, and rely on parallelizing compilers and hardware support to perform parallel execution under the hood. In such a model, compilers and related tools require much more advanced program analysis capabilities and programmer assertions than what are currently available so that a comprehensive understanding of the input program's concurrency can be derived. Such an understanding is then used to drive automatic or interactive parallel code generation tools for a diverse set of parallel hardware organizations. The chip-level architecture and hardware should maintain parallel execution state in such a way that a strictly sequential execution state can always be derived for the purpose of verifying and debugging the program. We argue that implicitly parallel programming models are critical for addressing the software development crises and software scalability challenges for many-core microprocessors.
A signal correction technique for Raman-scattering based temperature sensing using optical fibers (2011)

For better visualization of temperature distribution in data centers, a new signal correction technique was investigated in the temperature measurement based on Raman scattering light analysis in optical fibers. In a typical raised-floor data center, the temperature of the free access floor is almost constant and lower than the server rack area. Using this characteristic of the data centers and the impulse response of the measurement system, a correction technique was developed to improve the spatial resolution of the temperature measurement. As a result, the relative error for the temperature difference on the door of the server-rack became less than 1/10 of the original distributed temperature sensing (DTS) measurement. The new technique made us possible to visualize the temperature distribution in data centers more thoroughly and accurately.
Side chain mesomorphic polymers : studies of labelled backbones by neutron scattering (1985)

Side chain liquid crystal polymers are studied in the isotropic, nematic and smectic phases. The samples are made from a mixture of liquid crystal polymethacrylate with deuterated or protonated backbones. The samples are studied with neutron diffraction and small angle neutron scattering. The results show in particular that in the aligned smectic phase the backbone is highly anisotropic and confined within a smectic layer. The backbone labelling shows local bilayered order.
Observation of electrochemically generated nitrenium ions by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2015)

We report the observation of the electrochemically generated nitrenium ions of 4,4'-dimethyoxydiphenylamine and di-<i>p</i>-tolylamine in solution by mass spectrometry. This setup takes inspiration from desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to sample directly from the surface of a rotating waterwheel working electrode for mass spectrometric analysis. Detection of the 4,4'-dimethyoxydiphenylamine nitrenium ion was expected based upon <i>para</i>-methoxy resonance stabilization, whereas observation of the di-<i>p</i>-tolylamine nitrenium ion might be unexpected because resonance stabilization from the <i>para</i>-substituted position is unavailable. However, the short timescale analysis of the setup allows for the isolation of the di-<i>p</i>-tolylamine nitrenium ion, which is electrogenerated in solution and detected mass spectrometrically.