gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory investigation of a multiple-model state estimation scheme for detection and isolation of leaks in pipelines (2006)

Abstract A pipeline system is an essential component in the transport of natural gases, crude and oil products in the petroleum industry, as well as gas and water in vital utility systems. Early detection of leaks in pipelines is essential to avoid excessive economical loss and reducing the environmental and health hazards that normally result from undetected leaks. In this paper, a model-based estimation scheme, which was developed as a basis for real-time monitoring of fluid flow in pipelines, is tested experimentally. In this estimation scheme, the fluid flow in a pipeline, which is modelled by a set of non-linear partial differential equations, is represented in a state-space form. A modified extended Kalman filter (MEKF), with its internal model defined by the obtained state-space form, is invoked together with feedforward computations to establish an adaptive multimodel state estimation technique. A laboratory experimental test-rig is constructed to test the validity and effectiveness of the developed leak detection and localization scheme. Experimental results utilizing the laboratory set-up are presented to demonstrate that the developed scheme effectively detects and locates leaks in pipelines within a short time duration.
Cost effectiveness of left atrial appendage closure with the Watchman device for atrial fibrillation patients with absolute contraindications to warfarin (2016)

This analysis demonstrates that LAAC with the Watchman device is a cost-effective and cost-saving solution for stroke risk reduction in patients with non-valvular AF who are at risk for stroke but have contraindications to warfarin.
Video Relief Images Produced by Using a Regenerative Process (1982)

Top left: Georgiy N. Teblyashkin. Untitled, stained glass window, 1970. Installed in the House of Composers, Moscow. (Fig. 2, see p. 60) Top right: Raymond Lark. 'Society', oils on canvas board, 75 x 60 cm, 1966. (James and Mary Moran Collection, New Jersey, U.S.A.) (Fig. 1, see p. 9) Center: Lynn Olson. 'Fires of Spring', stained slab glass, cement, sand, acrylic latex, steel rods and wires, 3 x 3 m, 1976. Installed at St. Patrick's Church, Ligonier, Ind., U.S.A. (Fig. 9, see p. 17) Bottom left: Scott Daly. 'Avatar: Fourth Generation', photograph of video screen image, 1980 (Fig. 4, see p. 44) Bottom right: Hans-Joachim Andree. 'Welle' (Wave), static computer drawing, photograph of a TV screen image, 1980. (Fig. 4, see p. 36)
Improving Low-Resource Named Entity Recognition using Joint Sentence and Token Labeling (2020)

Exploiting sentence-level labels, which are easy to obtain, is one of the plausible methods to improve low-resource named entity recognition (NER), where token-level labels are costly to annotate. Current models for jointly learning sentence and token labeling are limited to binary classification. We present a joint model that supports multi-class classification and introduce a simple variant of self-attention that allows the model to learn scaling factors. Our model produces 3.78%, 4.20%, 2.08% improvements in F1 over the BiLSTM-CRF baseline on e-commerce product titles in three different low-resource languages: Vietnamese, Thai, and Indonesian, respectively.
Design, implementation and evaluation of a TOF range image sensor using multi-tap lock-in pixels with cascaded charge draining and modulating gates (2016)

This paper presents the design, implementation and evaluation of a CMOS time-of-flight (TOF) range image sensor using multi-tap lock-in pixels controlled by cascaded charge draining and modulating gates. The proposed lock-in pixel is designed for reducing the power consumption of the TOF sensor chip and the dark current noise which arises from the multiple connections of floating diffusions, while ensuring the performance of high-speed charge transfer and preventing the influence of background light. The TOF range image sensor has 320(Column) x 240 (Row) effective pixels with the pixel size of 16.8&#x3BC;m. The chip has been implemented using 0.11-&#x3BC;m 1-poly 4-mental CMOS image sensor process.
Shrinkage estimation of large covariance matrices using multiple\n shrinkage targets (2018)

Linear shrinkage estimators of a covariance matrix --- defined by a weighted\naverage of the sample covariance matrix and a pre-specified shrinkage target\nmatrix --- are popular when analysing high-throughput molecular data. However,\ntheir performance strongly relies on an appropriate choice of target matrix.\nThis paper introduces a more flexible class of linear shrinkage estimators that\ncan accommodate multiple shrinkage target matrices, directly accounting for the\nuncertainty regarding the target choice. This is done within a conjugate\nBayesian framework, which is computationally efficient. Using both simulated\nand real data, we show that the proposed estimator is less sensitive to target\nmisspecification and can outperform state-of-the-art (nonparametric)\nsingle-target linear shrinkage estimators. Using protein expression data from\nThe Cancer Proteome Atlas we illustrate how multiple sources of prior\ninformation (obtained from more than 30 different cancer types) can be\nincorporated into the proposed multi-target linear shrinkage estimator. In\nparticular, it is shown that the target-specific weights can provide insights\ninto the differences and similarities between cancer types. Software for the\nmethod is freely available as an R-package at http://github.com/HGray384/TAS.\n
Proteomic analysis of microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) in Rib72 null Tetrahymena cells reveals functional MIPs (2020)

Abstract Motile cilia and flagella are built from stable populations of doublet microtubules that comprise their axonemes. Their unique stability is brought about, at least in part, by a network of M icrotubule I nner P roteins (MIPs) found in the lumen of their doublet microtubules. Rib72A and Rib72B were identified as microtubule inner proteins (MIPs) in the motile cilia of Tetrahymena thermophila . Loss of these proteins leads to ciliary defects and loss of multiple MIPs. We performed mass spectrometry coupled with proteomic analysis and bioinformatics to identify the MIPs lost in RIB72A/B knockout (KO) Tetrahymena cells. From this analysis we identified a number of candidate MIPs and pursued one, Fap115, for functional characterization. We find that loss of Fap115 results in disrupted cell swimming and aberrant ciliary beating. Cryo-electron tomography reveals that Fap115 localizes to MIP6a in the A-tubule of the doublet microtubules. Overall, our results highlight the complex relationship between MIPs, ciliary structure, and ciliary function.
An electrical mine monitoring system utilizing the IEC 61850 standard (2013)

Motor control assets are foundational elements in many industrial operations. In the mining industry, these assets primarily consist of motor control centers and drives, which are available with a comprehensive assortment of control and monitoring devices. Various intelligent electronic devices (IEDs) are now used to prevent machine damage and downtime. As motor control devices have advanced in technology, so too have the IEDs that protect them. These advances have resulted in new standards, such as IEC 61850, that have embedded intelligence and a standard set of communication schemes by which IEDs can share information in a peer-to-peer or one-to-many fashion. This paper discusses the merits and steps involved with interfacing IEDs to a mining process control network via the use of the IEC 61850 standard.
Biological characterization of the therapeutic role of Rab10 modulation in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (2022)

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The continuous genetic research done on this disease demonstrates the vast complexity of the genetic architecture. The most recent whole‐genome sequence analysis (GWAS)included 1.1 million individuals and identified 38 loci associated with AD status with seven novel loci. However, there is no reliable therapeutics to combat the late stages of AD as of late. The identified rare variants in the RAB10 gene show protective effects against developing AD. This work demonstrates that inhibition of the expression of RAB10 yields better outcomes in terms of the amyloid‐beta ratio and cognition. In addition, we demonstrated that RAB10 modulates the NLRC4 inflammasome complex and their derived products IL‐1‐beta, IL‐18, and TNF‐alpha. Method In‐vitro experiments were carried out using human neuroblastoma (N2A) cell lines transfected with a mammalian plasmid to overexpress the APP gene and the immortalized microglia HMC3 cell line. We used the compound reference MLi2 and house compounds HT4253 and HT4403 to inhibit the expression of the RAB10 . We used ELISA protocols to test the amyloid‐beta 40 and 42 ratios, IL‐1‐beta, IL‐18, and TNF‐alpha secretion. Western blots immunocytochemistry allowed us to determine the phosphorylation of RAB10 and LRRK2, LAMP1, and ASC. In‐vivo behavioral experiments were done using APP/PS1 mice. Hippocampus tissue was collected to run RNA sequence and total proteomics analysis. Result A higher dosage of compound HT4253 and HT4403 inhibits phosphorylation of RAB10 with an IC50 of 82 nM and 63 nM, respectably. The inhibition of RAB10 and LRRK2 activates a higher expression of the LAMP1 protein. The incubation with a high compound dosage improved the secretion of the amyloid‐beta 42/40 ratio. The additional experiments and results will be presented at the conference. Conclusion This work provides insights into the protective role of RAB10 against AD and neuroinflammation. RAB10 could be a promising therapeutic target for AD prevention.
Erratum: Sources of image degradation in fundamental and harmonic ultrasound imaging: a nonlinear, full-wave, simulation study [Apr 11 754-765] (2011)

A full-wave equation that describes nonlinear propagation in a heterogeneous attenuating medium is solved numerically with finite differences in the time domain. This numerical method is used to simulate propagation of a diagnostic ultrasound pulse through a measured representation of the human abdomen with heterogeneities in speed of sound, attenuation, density, and nonlinearity. Conventional delay-and-sum beamforming is used to generate point spread functions (PSFs) that display the effects of these heterogeneities. For the particular imaging configuration that is modeled, these PSFs reveal that the primary source of degradation in fundamental imaging is due to reverberation from near-field structures. Compared with fundamental imaging, reverberation clutter in harmonic imaging is 27.1 dB lower. Simulated tissue with uniform velocity but unchanged impedance characteristics indicates that for harmonic imaging, the primary source of degradation is phase aberration.
Moderate Weight Reduction in an Outpatient Obesity Intervention Program Significantly Reduces Insulin Resistance and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease in Severely Obese Adolescents (2011)

Background. Metabolic risk factors like insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are frequently observed in severly obese children. We investigated the hypothesis that moderate weight reduction by a low-threshold intervention is already able to reduce insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in severely obese children. Methods. A group of 58 severely obese children and adolescents between 8 and 17 years participating in a six-month-long outpatient program was studied before and after treatment. The program included behavioral treatment, dietary education and specific physical training. Metabolic parameters were measured in the fasting state, insulin resistance was evaluated in an oral glucose tolerance test. Results. Mean standard deviation score of the body mass index (SDS-BMI) in the study group dropped significantly from +2.5 ± 0.5 to 2.3 ± 0.6 (P < 0.0001) after participation in the program. A significant decrease was observed in HOMA (6.3 ± 4.2 versus 4.9 ± 2.4, P < 0.03, and in peak insulin levels (232.7 ± 132.4 versus 179.2 ± 73.3 μU/mL, P < 0.006). Significant reductions were also observed in mean levels of hemoglobin A(1c), total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Conclusions. These data demonstrate that already moderate weight reduction is able to decrease insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in severely obese children and adolescents.
Drugit: Crowd-sourcing molecular design of non-peptidic VHL binders (2023)

Given the role of human intuition in current drug design efforts, crowd-sourced 'citizen scientist' games have the potential to greatly expand the pool of potential drug designers. Here, we introduce ‘Drugit', the small molecule design mode of the online ‘citizen science’ game Foldit. We demonstrate its utility for design with a use case to identify novel binders to the von Hippel Lindau E3 ligase. Several thousand molecule suggestions were obtained from players in a series of 10 puzzle rounds. The proposed molecules were then evaluated by in silico methods and by an expert panel and selected candidates were synthesized and tested. One of these molecules, designed by a player, showed dose-dependent shift perturbations in protein-observed NMR experiments. The co-crystal structure in complex with the E3 ligase revealed that the observed binding mode matched in major parts the player’s original idea. The completion of one full design cycle is a proof of concept for the Drugit approach and highlights the potential of involving citizen scientists in early drug discovery.
Improving the Electromigration Life of Advanced Interconnects through Graphene Capping (2023)

Since the discovery of graphene, 2D materials are establishing a rapidly growing and promising field, with great potential for diverse applications given their excellent conductivity and high transparency. In particular, graphene can isolate external chemical reactions when applied to back-end-of-line (BEOL) interconnect metals, thereby preventing the oxidation of the interconnect metals. In addition, it can improve the conductivity and breakdown current density of interconnects. However, the thermal budget remains an important problem in BEOL interconnects. We demonstrate an advanced graphene deposition method using an in-house plasma plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system, which offers low thermal budget and high stability. We also optimize carbon precursors to improve the quality of graphene on Ru and Co thin films. We show the improvement of electrical conductivity, electromigration lifetime, and maximum breakdown current density after capping Ru and Co interconnects with graphene. The electromigration lifetimes of the Ru and Co interconnects increase by 4 and 4.5 times, respectively, and their maximum breakdown current density increases by 17.6 and 10.6%, respectively. The results show that capping with graphene has a high potential in BEOL applications.
Low-temperature ignition of methane-air mixtures under the action of nonequilibrium plasma (2013)

A plasma-chemical kinetic mechanism of the low-temperature (600 < T < 1000 K) oxidation/combustion of methane under conditions of nonequilibrium plasma over a wide pressure range (P = 0.1−100 atm) is developed and verified. The mechanism is comprised of three types of elementary processes: chemical reaction of neutral atoms and molecules, primary plasma-chemical processes involving electrons, and secondary plasma-chemical processes involving atomic and molecular ions and excited species. Application of the developed mechanism to describing the plasma-assisted oxidation of methane shows that this mechanism can describe the experimental results qualitatively and quantitatively.
Image science with photon-processing detectors (2013)

We introduce and discuss photon-processing detectors and we compare them with photon-counting detectors. By estimating a relatively small number of attributes for each collected photon, photon-processing detectors may help understand and solve a fundamental theoretical problem of any imaging system based on photon-counting detectors, namely null functions. We argue that photon-processing detectors can improve task performance by estimating position, energy, and time of arrival for each collected photon. We consider a continuous-to-continuous linear operator to relate the object being imaged to the collected data, and discuss how this operator can be analyzed to derive properties of the imaging system. Finally, we derive an expression for the characteristic functional of an imaging system that produces list-mode data.
A New Type of Uniformly Stacked Phase in Tetrathiapentalene-Based Organic Metals (2005)

Abstract Two new organic electron donor molecules are synthesized on the basis of the ethylthio-substituted tetrathiapentalenes with a methylenedithio or a 1,3-dithiane unit. These donors provide four isostructural radical-cation salts, which belong to a new crystal type with uniform stacks of the donor molecules. These salts show metallic conductivity down to low temperatures, linear temperature dependence of the thermoelectric power, and asymmetrical ESR lineshapes. The obtained uniform structure is compared with the previous uniform structure from the viewpoint of crystal packing.
ChemInform Abstract: Plasmon‐Mediated Syntheses of Metallic Nanostructures (2014)

Abstract Review: focus on Ag nanoparticles and Ag—Au bimetallic structures; 203 refs.
Threat stream data generator (2006)

We present the Threat Stream Data Generator, an approach and tool for creating synthetic data sets for the test and evaluation of visual analytics tools and environments. We have focused on working with information analysts to understand the characteristics of threat data, to develop scenarios that will allow us to define data sets with known ground truth, to define a process of mapping threat elements in a scenario to expressions in data, and creating a software system to generate the data. We are also developing approaches to evaluating our data sets considering characteristics such as threat subtlety and appropriateness of data for the software to be examined.
Linkage of the CCR5Δ32 Mutation with a Functional Polymorphism of CD45RA (2000)

A 32-bp deletion in CCR5 (CCR5 Delta 32) confers to PBMC resistance to HIV-1 isolates that use CCR5 as a coreceptor. To study this mutation in T cell development, we have screened 571 human thymus tissues for the mutation. We identified 72 thymuses (12.6%) that were heterozygous and 2 (0.35%) that were homozygous for the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation. We found that thymocyte development was normal in both CCR5 Delta 32 heterozygous and homozygous thymuses. In 3% of thymuses we identified a functional polymorphism of CD45RA, in which cortical and medullary thymocytes failed to down-regulate the 200- and 220-kDa CD45RA isoforms during T cell development. Moreover, we found an association of this CD45 functional polymorphism in thymuses with the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation (p = 0.00258). In vitro HIV-1 infection assays with CCR5-using primary isolates demonstrated that thymocytes with the heterozygous CCR5 Delta 32 mutation produced less p24 than did CCR5 wild-type thymocytes. However, the functional CD45RA polymorphism did not alter the susceptibility of thymocytes to HIV-1 infection. Taken together, these data demonstrate association of the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation with a polymorphism in an as yet unknown gene that is responsible for the ability to down-regulate the expression of high m.w. CD45RA isoforms. Although the presence of the CCR5 Delta 32 mutation down-regulates HIV-1 infection of thymocytes, the functional CD45RA polymorphism does not alter the susceptibility of thymocytes to HIV-1 infection in vitro.
Structural Properties of Al 1- xIn xN Ternary Alloys on GaN Grown by Metalorganic Vapor Phase Epitaxy (1998)

Michihiko KARIYA, Shugo NITTA, Shigeo YAMAGUCHI, Hisaki KATO, Tetsuya TAKEUCHI,Christian WETZEL, Hiroshi AMANO andIsamu AKASAKIDepartment ofElectrical and Electronic Engineering, Meijo University, 1-501Sl1iogamagucl1i, Tempaku-ku.Nagoya 468-8502.Japan(Received April 23, 1998; accepted for publication May 7,1998)Ah_xlnxN layers grown on GaN by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) have been structurally studied usingwand
Novel Solution for Multi-connectivity 5G-mmW Positioning (2018)

The forthcoming fifth generation (5G) systems with high beamforming gain antenna units, millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency bands together with massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) techniques are key components for accurate positioning methods. In this paper, we propose the positioning technique that is relying on the sparsity in the MIMO-OFDM channel in time and spatial domains, together with effective beamforming methods. We will study the proposed solution in a multi-connectivity context, which has been considered so far for the purpose of improving the user equipment (UE) communication data rate. We utilize the multi-connectivity for positioning, in order to improve robustness to measurement errors and increase positioning service continuity. In particular, we show that when a UE that has connectivity to more base stations, the total power and delay needed for positioning can be reduced.
A Concise Enantioselective Synthesis of Iminosugar Derivatives. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Spongiacysteine, a Novel Cysteine Derivative from Marine Sponge Spongia sp. (2004)

Abstract A novel cysteine derivative, spongiacysteine (1), was isolated from marine sponge Spongia sp. The gross structure was elucidated by detailed spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute stereostructure was established by its total synthesis. This compound showed moderate antimicrobial activity against rice blast fungus Pyricularia oryzae.
INTERFACE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS ASSESSMENT OF SOLDER JOINTS USING DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM TEST (2010)

In the current work, a test scheme to evaluate solder joint interface fracture toughness using double cantilever beam (DCB) test has been successfully demonstrated. The obtained results, in terms of critical energy release rate, predict the joint failure based on the principle of fracture mechanics. The results can be used as a materials property in the reliability design of various types of solder-ball joined packages. DCB specimens made of 99.9 wt% copper were selected in the current work. Eutectic Sn -37 Pb and lead-free Sn -3.5 Ag -0.5 Cu solders were used to join two pieces of the copper beams with controlled solder thickness. The test record showed steady propagation of the crack along the solder / copper interface, which verifies the viability of such a testing scheme. Interface fracture toughness for as-joined, extensively-reflowed and thermally aged samples has been measured. Both the reflow treatment and the thermal aging lead to degradation of the solder joint fracture resistance. Reflow treatment was more damaging as it induces much faster interface reaction. Fractographic analysis established that the fracture has a mixed micromechanism of dimple and cleavage. The dimples are formed as a result of the separation between the hard intermetallic compound (IMC) particles and the soft solder material, while the cleavage is formed by the brittle split of the IMCs. When the IMC thickness is increased due to extended interface reaction, the proportion of IMC cleavage failure increases, and this was reflected in the decrease of the critical energy release rate.