gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physical activity patterns determined by heart rate monitoring in 6???7 year-old children (1981)

The purpose of this study was to examine 12-h heart rate patterns during the summer using a holter monitoring system (Oxford Instruments) in prepubescent children. Parental consent was obtained for the 40 volunteers (22 boys, 18 girls) ages 6 to 7 years. Heart rates exceeding 160 bts min-1 occurred 20.9 min and 9.4 min for the boys and girls, respectively, during the 12-h monitoring period (8:00 a.m.-8:00 p.m.). When comparing the heart rate profiles between the sexes, the boys had significantly (P less than 0.05) more heart beats at a level of 140 bts min-1 and above than the girls. Even though the children appear moderately active, they very seldom experience high intensity physical activity. Furthermore, the heart rate patterns show that the boys are more physically active than the girls.
Biased Signaling of CCL21 and CCL19 Does Not Rely on N-Terminal Differences, but Markedly on the Chemokine Core Domains and Extracellular Loop 2 of CCR7 (2019)

Chemokine receptors play important roles in the immune system and are linked to several human diseases. Targeting chemokine receptors have so far shown very little success owing to, to some extent, the promiscuity of the immune system and the high degree of biased signaling within it. CCR7 and its two endogenous ligands display biased signaling and here we investigate the differences between the two ligands, CCL21 and CCL19, with respect to their biased activation of CCR7. We use <i>bystander bioluminescence resonance energy transfer</i> (BRET) based signaling assays and Transwell migration assays to determine <i>(A)</i> how swapping of domains between the two ligands affect their signaling patterns and <i>(B)</i> how receptor mutagenesis impacts signaling. Using chimeric ligands we find that the chemokine core domains are central for determining signaling outcome as the lack of β-arrestin-2 recruitment displayed by CCL21 is linked to its core domain and not N-terminus. Through a mutagenesis screen, we identify the extracellular domains of CCR7 to be important for both ligands and show that the two chemokines interact differentially with extracellular loop 2 (ECL-2). By using <i>in silico</i> modeling, we propose a link between ECL-2 interaction and CCR7 signal transduction. Our mutagenesis study also suggests a lysine in the top of TM3, K130<sup>3.26</sup>, to be important for G protein signaling, but not β-arrestin-2 recruitment. Taken together, the bias in CCR7 between CCL19 and CCL21 relies on the chemokine core domains, where interactions with ECL-2 seem particularly important. Moreover, TM3 selectively regulates G protein signaling as found for other chemokine receptors.
Rapid Chemical Reaction Monitoring by Digital Microfluidics‐NMR: Proof of Principle Towards an Automated Synthetic Discovery Platform (2019)

Abstract Microcoil nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been interfaced with digital microfluidics (DMF) and is applied to monitor organic reactions in organic solvents as a proof of concept. DMF permits droplets to be moved and mixed inside the NMR spectrometer to initiate reactions while using sub‐microliter volumes of reagent, opening up the potential to follow the reactions of scarce or expensive reagents. By setting up the spectrometer shims on a reagent droplet, data acquisition can be started immediately upon droplet mixing and is only limited by the rate at which NMR data can be collected, allowing the monitoring of fast reactions. Here we report a cyclohexene carbonate hydrolysis in dimethylformamide and a Knoevenagel condensation in methanol/water. This is to our knowledge the first time rapid organic reactions in organic solvents have been monitored by high field DMF‐NMR. The study represents a key first step towards larger DMF‐NMR arrays that could in future serve as discovery platforms, where computer controlled DMF automates mixing/titration of chemical libraries and NMR is used to study the structures formed and kinetics in real time.
Change in Magnetic Property of Cu-6.5 mass%Co Alloy through Processing by ECAP (2007)

A Cu-6.5 mass%Co alloy containing a fine dispersion of ferromagnetic Co precipitates in the Cu matrix is processed by ECAP and measurements of coercivity are carried out after ECAP with different numbers of passes and different processing routes. Changes in particle size and shape including crystal structures are examined using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis. It is demonstrated that the application of ECAP for 1 pass leads to an increase in the coercivity by more than twice as much as the as-aged condition without ECAP. Microstructure observation reveals that the increase in the coercivity is due to intense straining by ECAP and fragmentation of the Co particles to finer sizes as 10–30 nm. Magnetic anisotropy is observed when the sample is processed through Route A but it is minor for 4 passes of Route C and very little after 4 passes of Route BC. The anisotropy appears because Co particles are uniaxially elongated by processing via Route A.
Sialyl-Lewisx on P-Selectin Glycoprotein Ligand-1 Is Regulated during Differentiation and Maturation of Dendritic Cells: A Mechanism Involving the Glycosyltransferases C2GnT1 and ST3Gal I (2007)

To fulfil their function as APCs, dendritic cells (DC) and their precursors need to travel from blood to the peripheral tissues and, upon activation, migrate from tissues to draining lymph nodes. Because O-glycans play a role in T cell trafficking, we investigated the O-glycosylation profile of human monocyte-derived DC. Sialyl-Lewis(x) (sLe(x)), a glycan involved in extravasation via selectin binding, was found to be expressed exclusively on P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 in monocytes and immature DC. However, sLe(x) was lost from mature DC even though these cells retained expression of P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1. Maturation of DC led to a rapid change in the expression of glycosyltransferases involved in O-linked glycosylation. A down-regulation of C2GnT1 mRNA and enzymatic activity was observed with a concurrent up-regulation of ST3Gal I and ST6GalNAc II mRNA resulting in a loss of the core 2 structures required for sLe(x) expression as a P-selectin ligand. Interestingly, the early regulation of these glycosyltransferases was mediated by PGE(2), which is known to be required for human DC migration. The pattern of O-glycosylation seen in mature cells was very similar to that expressed by naive T cells, which home to lymph nodes. Our data show that the regulation of O-glycosylation controls sLe(x) expression, and also suggest that O-glycans may have a function in DC migration.
Distinct roles of class I and class III phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases in phagosome formation and maturation (2001)

Phagosomes acquire their microbicidal properties by fusion with lysosomes. Products of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI 3-kinase) are required for phagosome formation, but their role in maturation is unknown. Using chimeric fluorescent proteins encoding tandem FYVE domains, we found that phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PI[3]P) accumulates greatly but transiently on the phagosomal membrane. Unlike the 3'-phosphoinositides generated by class I PI 3-kinases which are evident in the nascent phagosomal cup, PI(3)P is only detectable after the phagosome has sealed. The class III PI 3-kinase VPS34 was found to be responsible for PI(3)P synthesis and essential for phagolysosome formation. In contrast, selective ablation of class I PI 3-kinase revealed that optimal phagocytosis, but not maturation, requires this type of enzyme. These results highlight the differential functional role of the two families of kinases, and raise the possibility that PI(3)P production by VPS34 may be targeted during the maturation arrest induced by some intracellular parasites.
Heat transfer enhancement by low amplitude forcing in unsteady confined impinging jets (2012)

A finite-difference model, derived using a control-volume approach, was used to compute the flow and heat transfer characteristics in a two-dimensional confined laminar air jet impinging on an isothermal surface. Several cases were studied using Reynolds numbers of 650 and 750 with a nozzle-to-plate spacing, H/W, of 5. The behavior of the jet and the corresponding heat transfer from the target wall were investigated when the jet was forced by fluidic excitation at the nozzle exit. At a Reynolds number between 585 and 610, the unforced jet exhibits a transition to an unsteady regime, leading to asymmetric vortex shedding and jet flapping. An investigation of the velocity spectra found distinct dominant modes; the lowest frequency is associated with the jet flapping while the highest frequency is associated with the asymmetric vortex formation that causes buckling of the jet column. As a result of the two combined modes, the peak heat transfer is enhanced and the extent of the lateral cooling is broadened. The jet was subjected to forcing by the introduction of numerical excitation on each side of the jet. This was used to simulate fluidic excitation with the jet being forced on both sides at the exit. Both in-phase and out-of-phase modes were considered. At a Reynolds number of 750, forcing with an out-of-phase mode near the highest frequency leads to a complete stabilization of the jet. The forcing suppresses the low-amplitude, low-frequency flapping mode leaving only a high-frequency vortex formation mode. The suppression of the jet flapping leads to a decrease in the peak heat transfer, but because separation is suppressed, the average wall heat transfer is enhanced.
Visions & Reflections (Minireview) Teneurins, a transmembrane protein family involved in cell communication during neuronal development (2007)

Teneurins are a unique family of trans- membrane proteins conserved from Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster to vertebrates, in which four paralogs exist. In vertebrates, teneurin expression is most prominent in the developing brain. Based on their distinct, complementary expression patterns, we suggest a possible function in the establishment of proper connectivity in the brain. Functional studies show that teneurins can stimulate neurite outgrowth, but they might also play a role in axon guidance as well as in target recognition and synaptogenesis, possibly mediated by homophilic interactions. Though teneurins are transmembrane proteins, there is evidence that the intracellular domain has a nuclear function, since it can interact with nuclear proteins and influence transcription. Therefore, we speculate that teneurins might be processed by proteolytic cleavage (possibly regulated intramembrane proteolysis), which is triggered by homophilic interactions or, alternatively, by the bind- ing of a still unknown ligand.
Intrinsic Origin of Electron Mobility Reduction in High-k MOSFETs - From Remote Phonon to Bottom Interface Dipole Scattering (2007)

We show that the mobility degradation at low fields is predominantly due to a dipole layer intrinsically formed at the HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface. This dipole layer is also responsible for the anomalous V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">FB</inf> (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TH</inf> ) shift in high-k MOSFETs. Contribution of remote phonon scattering to the mobility degradation is very little, as revealed by comparing the mobility behaviors for MOSFETs with different crystal symmetry of HfO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> dielectrics.
Inverter control during overload and following power interruption (1992)

A frequency control method that interacts with a voltage-controlled current-regulated pulse-width modulated (VC-CRPWM) inverter to provide tripless operation during abnormal operating conditions is presented. Specifically, operation during and after a momentary overload and reconnection to a deenergized rotating motor under load is accomplished without experiencing overcurrent trips, knowledge of motor parameters, or velocity feedback. In addition, a stability study of the synchronous VC-CRPWM inverter that determines the effects of controller, motor, and load variations on the region of instability is performed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
BACK COVER - Flexibility versus rigidity: what determines the stability of zeolite frameworks? A case study (2014)

status: Published
Mobile Cone-Beam CT-Assisted Bronchoscopy for Peripheral Lung Lesions (2023)

Peripheral bronchoscopy with the use of thin/ultrathin bronchoscopes and radial-probe endobronchial ultrasound (RP-EBUS) has been associated with a fair diagnostic yield. Mobile cone-beam CT (m-CBCT) could potentially improve the performance of these readily available technologies. We retrospectively reviewed the records of patients undergoing bronchoscopy for peripheral lung lesions with thin/ultrathin scope, RP-EBUS, and m-CBCT guidance. We studied the performance (diagnostic yield and sensitivity for malignancy) and safety (complications, radiation exposure) of this combined approach. A total of 51 patients were studied. The mean target size was 2.6 cm (SD, 1.3 cm) and the mean distance to the pleura was 1.5 cm (SD, 1.4 cm). The diagnostic yield was 78.4% (95 CI, 67.1-89.7%), and the sensitivity for malignancy was 77.4% (95 CI, 62.7-92.1%). The only complication was one pneumothorax. The median fluoroscopy time was 11.2 min (range, 2.9-42.1) and the median number of CT spins was 1 (range, 1-5). The mean Dose Area Product from the total exposure was 41.92 Gy·cm<sup>2</sup> (SD, 11.35 Gy·cm<sup>2</sup>). Mobile CBCT guidance may increase the performance of thin/ultrathin bronchoscopy for peripheral lung lesions in a safe manner. Further prospective studies are needed to corroborate these findings.
Electron-enhanced atomic layer deposition of silicon thin films at room temperature (2017)

Silicon thin films were deposited at room temperature with electron-enhanced atomic layer deposition (EE-ALD) using sequential exposures of disilane (Si2H6) and electrons. EE-ALD promotes silicon film growth through hydrogen electron stimulated desorption (ESD) that creates reactive dangling bonds and facilitates Si2H6 adsorption at low temperatures. Without hydrogen ESD, silicon growth relies on thermal pathways for H2 desorption and dangling bond formation at much higher temperatures. An electron flood gun was utilized to deposit Si films over areas of ∼1 cm2 on oxide-capped Si(111) substrates. The silicon film thickness was monitored in situ with a multiwavelength ellipsometer. A threshold electron energy of ∼25 eV was observed for the Si film growth. A maximum growth rate of ∼0.3 Å/cycle was measured at electron energies of 100–150 eV. This growth rate is close to the anticipated growth rate assuming dissociative Si2H6 adsorption on dangling bonds on representative single-crystal silicon surfaces. The Si growth rate also displayed self-limiting behavior as expected for an ALD process. The silicon growth rate was self-limiting at larger Si2H6 pressures for a fixed exposure time and at longer electron exposure times. The silicon growth rate versus electron exposure time yielded a hydrogen ESD cross section of σ = 5.8 × 10−17 cm2. Ex situ spectroscopic ellipsometry showed good conformality in thickness across the ∼1 cm2 area of the Si film. Si EE-ALD should be useful for a variety of applications.
BIOPSIES ARE NOT RELIABLE IN THE WORK-UP OF COLORECTAL POLYPS (2018)

Biopsies are routinely taken in the work-up of colorectal polyps. However, biopsies can cause submucosal fibrosis and make subsequent endoscopic removal more difficult. Moreover, it is not clear how representative biopsies are of the colorectal lesions from which they were taken. The aim of this study was to examine how biopsy results in terms of dysplastic grade correlate with final diagnosis after complete removal of colorectal polyps.
14. N (2002)

PreviousNext No AccessEncyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth edition14. NAuthors: Robert E. SheriffRobert E. SheriffProfessor, University of Houstonhttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chn SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chnFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Encyclopedic Dictionary of Applied Geophysics, Fourth editionISBN (print):978-1-56080-118-4ISBN (online):978-1-56080-296-9Copyright: 2002 Pages: 442 publication data© 2002 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without written permission of the publisherPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished in print: 01 Jan 2002 CITATION INFORMATION Robert E. Sheriff, (2002), "14. N," Geophysical References Series : 241-249. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.9781560802969.chn Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Structural Rationalization of a Large Difference in RNA Affinity Despite a Small Difference in Chemistry between Two 2‘-O-Modified Nucleic Acid Analogues (2004)

Chemical modification of nucleic acids at the 2'-position of ribose has generated antisense oligonucleotides (AONs) with a range of desirable properties. Electron-withdrawing substituents such as 2'-O-[2-(methoxy)ethyl] (MOE) confer enhanced RNA affinity relative to that of DNA by conformationally preorganizing an AON for pairing with the RNA target and by improving backbone hydration. 2'-Substitution of the ribose has also been shown to increase nuclease resistance and cellular uptake via changes in lipophilicity. Interestingly, incorporation of either 2'-O-[2-(methylamino)-2-oxoethyl]- (NMA) or 2'-O-(N-methylcarbamate)-modified (NMC) residues into AONs has divergent effects on RNA affinity. Incorporation of 2'-O-NMA-T considerably improves RNA affinity while incorporation of 2'-O-NMC-T drastically reduces RNA affinity. Crystal structures at high resolution of A-form DNA duplexes containing either 2'-O-NMA-T or 2'-O-NMC-T shed light on the structural origins of the surprisingly large difference in stability given the relatively minor difference in chemistry between NMA and NMC. NMA substituents adopt an extended conformation and use either their carbonyl oxygen or amino nitrogen to trap water molecules between phosphate group and sugar. The conformational properties of NMA and the observed hydration patterns are reminiscent of those found in the structures of 2'-O-MOE-modified RNA. Conversely, the carbonyl oxygen of NMC and O2 of T are in close contact, providing evidence that an unfavorable electrostatic interaction and the absence of a stable water structure are the main reasons for the loss in thermodynamic stability as a result of incorporation of 2'-O-NMC-modified residues.
Enhancement of drain current in vertical SiGe/Si PMOS transistors using novel CMOS technology (2002)

CMOS devices are being scaled for density and speed. However, scaling gate length is impeded by lithographic technology and scaling device width is limited by low hole mobility in PMOS transistors. In vertical MOS transistors, however, lithography does not limit the channel length. Current drive in PMOS devices may also be increased by use of a SiGe channel. In fact, the hole mobility in strained SiGe normal to the growth plane is predicted to be significantly larger than in its unstrained counterpart. Therefore, we propose vertical Si/sub 1-x/Ge/sub x//Si PMOS and Si NMOS transistors and demonstrate (1) 100% increase of drive current in a vertical SiGe PMOS device, (2) the first experimental evidence of the enhancement of out-of-plane hole mobility in a vertical PMOSFET, and (3) experimental results for vertical NMOS devices, thus exhibiting the promise of vertical SiGe/Si CMOS.
Development and large volume production of extremely high current density YBa2Cu3O7 superconducting wires for fusion (2021)

The fusion power density produced in a tokamak is proportional to its magnetic field strength to the fourth power. Second-generation high temperature superconductor (2G HTS) wires demonstrate remarkable engineering current density (averaged over the full wire), J<sub>E</sub>, at very high magnetic fields, driving progress in fusion and other applications. The key challenge for HTS wires has been to offer an acceptable combination of high and consistent superconducting performance in high magnetic fields, high volume supply, and low price. Here we report a very high and reproducible J<sub>E</sub> in practical HTS wires based on a simple YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (YBCO) superconductor formulation with Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, which have been delivered in just nine months to a commercial fusion customer in the largest-volume order the HTS industry has seen to date. We demonstrate a novel YBCO superconductor formulation without the c-axis correlated nano-columnar defects that are widely believed to be prerequisite for high in-field performance. The simplicity of this new formulation allows robust and scalable manufacturing, providing, for the first time, large volumes of consistently high performance wire, and the economies of scale necessary to lower HTS wire prices to a level acceptable for fusion and ultimately for the widespread commercial adoption of HTS.
Divided Attention=Diminished Uptake?Multitasking with Computing Devices at Presentations (2009)

For colloquium style presentations where audience attention is voluntary, computing devices present an interesting conundrum. Audience members may benefit from simultaneously using a device to take notes or perform other tasks while still attempting to pay attention to the lecture, but the device may also distract its owner, other audience members, or the speaker. We report on two studies of the use of computing devices by people attending colloquium style presentations. We first conducted a survey exploring perceptions of speakers and attendees about the disruptiveness of laptop and smartphone usage during presentations. Then we explored and validated some of the findings in an observational study. We used video to study shifts of attention between devices and presentations, matching them to conceptual blind spots identified by short quizzes given to attendees. We find significant losses of recall associated with increased attention to devices and motivation for attending the presentation, and individual differences in recall of presented information and levels of concern about missing information.
Repetition frequency stabilisation of passively mode-locked semiconductor lasers (1992)

The repetition frequency of an external cavity mode-locked GaAs semiconductor diode laser has been stabilised by voltage controlled electrical feedback. The phase noise has been reduced by 40 dB at 1 kHz offset from the carrier and timing jitter reduced from more than 30 ps to 4 ps. This technique can be used to stabilise millimetre-wave mode-locked lasers.