gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wellbore Integrity Impact on Carbon Leakage to Ensure Safe Geological Sequestration (2022)

Abstract Secure and safe geological sequestration is critical for the successful deployment of carbon capture and storage (CCS) projects and to mitigate global warming. Oil/gas reservoirs and saline aquifers, that are suitable for CO2 sequestration, often have older pre-existing wells near the potential CO2 injection wells. The legacy producing and abandoned wells have the potential to behave as CO2 leakage pathways, despite the existence of a good seal formation or structural certainty. In this study, this poorly understood and largely unknown leakage potential is researched to quantify the carbon leakage rate along one legacy well when carbon is injected into a storage formation in the Denver-Julesburg (DJ) Basin. This study investigates the risk of containment loss for a leaky well using a one-square-mile section of the DJ Basin. The results show that the completion of an older wellbore has a significant effect on the leakage rate results. A small portion (10-8) of the injected carbon can leak via a multi-segmented wellbore, while around 2.5% CO2 can leak to the drinking water layer via an open wellbore. Our results indicate that for secure carbon sequestration, a good geological storage site should be kept away from wells that have a surface casing depth of 476 ft or shallower and were drilled before 1994 in Colorado. The effective well permeability highly impacts the leakage rate, implying the importance of estimating the most representative value/range for this parameter. This risk assessment research is a part of the pre-feasibility study to support potential large-scale geological carbon storage operations in Colorado.
DHCP Relay Agent Assignment Notification Option (2005)

The DHCP Relay Agent Assignment Notification option is sent from a
DHCP server to a DHCP relay agent to inform the relay agent of IPv6
addresses that have been assigned or IPv6 prefixes that have been
delegated to DHCP clients.
Sub-5-fs multi-TW optical parametric synthesizer (2013)

The endeavour of generating shorter and shorter light pulses lead to the optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) technique, which provides considerable broader gain bandwidth corresponding to a pulse duration of one to three optical cycles. Systems with such a short duration and multi-terawatt to petawatt power levels provide a unique tool for attosecond [1] and laser-plasma physics [2]. This way the generation of single attosecond pulses with unprecedented energy opens up the route to nonlinear X-ray science.
Cloud Computing: A Hands-On Approach (2013)

About the Book Recent industry surveys expect the cloud computing services market to be in excess of $20 billion and cloud computing jobs to be in excess of 10 million worldwide in 2014 alone. In addition, since a majority of existing information technology (IT) jobs is focused on maintaining legacy in-house systems, the demand for these kinds of jobs is likely to drop rapidly if cloud computing continues to take hold of the industry. However, there are very few educational options available in the area of cloud computing beyond vendor-specific training by cloud providers themselves. Cloud computing courses have not found their way (yet) into mainstream college curricula. This book is written as a textbook on cloud computing for educational programs at colleges. It can also be used by cloud service providers who may be interested in offering a broader perspective of cloud computing to accompany their own customer and employee training programs. The typical reader is expected to have completed a couple of courses in programming using traditional high-level languages at the college-level, and is either a senior or a beginning graduate student in one of the science, technology, engineering or mathematics (STEM) fields. We have tried to write a comprehensive book that transfers knowledge through an immersive hands-on approach, where the reader is provided the necessary guidance and knowledge to develop working code for real-world cloud applications. Additional support is available at the book's website: www.cloudcomputingbook.info Organization The book is organized into three main parts. Part I covers technologies that form the foundations of cloud computing. These include topics such as virtualization, load balancing, scalability & elasticity, deployment, and replication. Part II introduces the reader to the design & programming aspects of cloud computing. Case studies on design and implementation of several cloud applications in the areas such as image processing, live streaming and social networks analytics are provided. Part III introduces the reader to specialized aspects of cloud computing including cloud application benchmarking, cloud security, multimedia applications and big data analytics. Case studies in areas such as IT, healthcare, transportation, networking and education are provided.
ChemInform Abstract: A Versatile Catalyst System for Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reactions of C(sp2)‐Tosylates and Mesylates. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Balloon-borne Large-Aperture Submillimeter Telescope for polarization: BLAST-pol - art. no. 702002 (2008)

The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (BLAST) is a, sub-orbital experiment designed to study the process of star formation in local galaxies (including the Milky Way) and in galaxies at; cosmological distances. Using a 2m Cassegrain telescope, BLAST images the sky onto a focal plane, which consists of 270 bolometric detectors split; between three arrays, observing simultaneously in 30% wide bands, centered at 250, 350, and 500 mu m. The diffraction-limited optical system provides a resolution of 30" at 250 mu m. The pointing system enables raster-like scans with a positional accuracy of similar to 30", reconstructed to better than 5" rms in post-flight analysis. BLAST had two successful flights, from the Arctic in 2005, and from Antarctica in 2006, which provided the first high-resolution and large-area (similar to 0.8-200 deg(2)) submillimeter surveys at these wavelengths. As a pathfinder for the SPIRE instrument on Herschel, BLAST shares with the ESA satellite similar focal plane technology and scientific motivation. A third flight in 2009 will see the instrument modified to be polarization-sensitive (BLAST-pol). With its unprecedented mapping speed and resolution, BLAST-pol will provide insights into Galactic star-forming nurseries, and give the necessary link between the larger, coarse resolution surveys and the narrow, resolved observations of star-forming structures from space and ground based instruments being commissioned in the next 5 years.
Surface simplification and Edgebreaker compression for 2D cell animations (2003)

Digitized cell animations are typically composed of frames, which contain a small number of regions, which each contain pixels of the same color and exhibit a significant level of shape coherence through time. To exploit this coherence, we treat the stack of frames as a 3D volume and represent the evolution of each region by the bounding surface of the 3D volume V that it sweeps out. To reduce transmission costs, we triangulate and simplify the bounding surface and then encode it using the Edgebreaker compression scheme. To restore a close approximation of the original animation, the client player decompresses the surface and produces the successive frames by intersecting V with constant-time planes. The intersection is generated in real-time with standard graphics hardware through an improved capping (i.e. solid clipping) technique, which correctly handles overlapping facets. We have tested this approach on real and synthetic black and white animations and report compression ratios that improve upon those produced using the MPEG, MRLE, and GZIP compression standards for an equivalent quality result.
Reduced Complexity Heat Transfer Models for Analysis of Powder Bed Multi-Beam Laser Fusion Processes. (2020)

Abstract not provided.
The Neutrophil Response Induced by an Agonist for Free Fatty Acid Receptor 2 (GPR43) Is Primed by Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha and by Receptor Uncoupling from the Cytoskeleton but Attenuated by Tissue Recruitment (2016)

Ligands with improved potency and selectivity for free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFA2R) have become available, and we here characterize the neutrophil responses induced by one such agonist (Cmp1) and one antagonist (CATPB). Cmp1 triggered an increase in the cytosolic concentration of Ca(2+), and the neutrophils were then desensitized to Cmp1 and to acetate, a naturally occurring FFA2R agonist. The antagonist CATPB selectively inhibited responses induced by Cmp1 or acetate. The activated FFA2R induced superoxide anion secretion at a low level in naive blood neutrophils. This response was largely increased by tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) in a process associated with a recruitment of easily mobilizable granules, but neutrophils recruited to an aseptic inflammation in vivo were nonresponding. Superoxide production induced by Cmp1 was increased in latrunculin A-treated neutrophils, but no reactivation of desensitized FFA2R was induced by this drug, suggesting that the cytoskeleton is not directly involved in terminating the response. The functional and regulatory differences between the receptors that recognize short-chain fatty acids and formylated peptides, respectively, imply different roles of these receptors in the orchestration of inflammation and confirm the usefulness of a selective FFA2R agonist and antagonist as tools for the exploration of the precise role of the FFA2R.
Second Smart Energy Grid Security Workshop (SEGS 2014) (2014)

In the last year, the digitalization of the power grids has been pushed further, creating an ever increasing need for security approaches in this domain. One of the most prominent and visible aspects are smart meters, which are being deployed in millions of homes with the intend to optimize billing, but also to generate data for energy saving, load balancing, and other use cases. The first session of the workshop focuses on the privacy of smart meter data, which is an important precondition for a successful and widely accepted rollout, and to make efficient use of the smart metering data. For the overall smartgrid, the workshop takes a higher level view, discussing risk analysis and overall security strategy approaches towards a secure grid. Finally, the topic addresses issues of implementations, discussing new findings on weaknesses in smart grid deployments as well as testing tools.
Effective Iterative Techniques for Fingerprinting Design IP (2004)

Fingerprinting is an approach that assigns a unique and invisible ID to each sold instance of the intellectual property (IP). One of the key advantages fingerprinting-based intellectual property protection (IPP) has over watermarking-based IPP is the enabling of tracing stolen hardware or software. Fingerprinting schemes have been widely and effectively used to achieve this goal; however, their application domain has been restricted only to static artifacts, such as image and audio, where distinct copies can be obtained easily. In this paper, we propose the first generic fingerprinting technique that can be applied to an arbitrary synthesis (optimization or decision) or compilation problem and, therefore to hardware and software IPs. The key problem with design IP fingerprinting is that there is a need to generate a large number of structurally unique but functionally and timing identical designs. To reduce the cost of generating such distinct copies, we apply iterative optimization in an incremental fashion to solve a fingerprinted instance. Therefore, we leverage on the optimization effort already spent in obtaining previous solutions, yet we generate a uniquely fingerprinted new solution. This generic approach is the basis for developing specific fingerprinting techniques for four important problems in VLSI CAD: partitioning, graph coloring, satisfiability, and standard-cell placement. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the new fingerprinting-based IPP techniques on a number of standard benchmarks.
The effect of sorbed penetrants on the aging of previously dilated glassy polymer powders. Part III: The effect of exposure to lower alcohols on enthalpy relaxations in poly(methylmethacrylate) (1987)

Enthalpy relaxations in glassy poly(methyl-methacrylate) have been studied through the endothermic, sub-Tg, aging peak observed in differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermograms. Powder samples were swollen by exposure to high activity methanol vapor and then aged in vacuum and in the presence of low activities of methanol, ethanol, and n-propanol at 308 K. The position and size of the DSC aging peak, which developed during aging, were monitored as a function of aging time. The aging peaks which developed for the alcohol-aged samples were smaller than those observed for similar samples aged in vacuum. These results suggest that the presence of dissolved penetrant in the samples retarded or arrested the relaxations which were observed in otherwise identical experiments performed in vacuo. Contacting the powder samples with 0.05 activity n-propanol or 0.10 activity ethanol during aging also appeared to arrest the shift in the temperature of the peak with aging time, whereas aging in the presence of 0.10 activity methanol or 0.05 activity ethanol appeared to have no effect on the temperature of the aging peak. These results are qualitatively consistent with a complementary study of the effect of the presence of lower alcohols on the time dependence of sorption capacity.
Reducing Peak Power Consumption inMulti-Core Systems without ViolatingReal-Time Constraints (2013)

The potential of multi-core chips for high performance and reliability at low cost has made them ideal computing platforms for embedded real-time systems. As a result, power management of a multi-core chip has become an important issue in the design of embedded real-time systems. Most existing approaches have been designed to regulate the behavior of average power consumption, such as minimizing the total energy consumption or the chip temperature. However, little attention has been paid to the worst-case behavior of instantaneous power consumption on a chip, called chip-level peak power consumption, an important design parameter that determines the cost and/or size of chip design/packaging and the underlying power supply. We address this problem by reducing the chip-level peak power consumption at design time without violating any real-time constraints. We achieve this by carefully scheduling real-time tasks, without relying on any additional hardware implementation for power management, such as dynamic voltage and frequency scaling. Specifically, we propose a new scheduling algorithm FP <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Θ</sub> that restricts the concurrent execution of tasks assigned on different cores, and perform its schedulability analysis. Using this analysis, we develop a method that finds a set of concurrent executable tasks, such that the design-time chip-level peak power consumption is minimized and all timing requirements are met. We demonstrate via simulation that the proposed method not only keeps the design-time chip-level peak power consumption as low as the theoretical lower bound for trivial cases, but also reduces the peak power consumption for non-trivial cases by up to 12.9 percent compared to the case of no restriction on concurrent task execution.
Subharmonic response from single, polymer-shell contrast agents subjected to high-frequency excitation. (2009)

Three polymer-shelled agents (nominal mean diameters of 0.56, 1.1, and 3.4 μm) from POINT Biomedical were investigated to determine the optimal parameter space for generating a subharmonic response from single agents when subjected to high-frequency (above 20 MHz) excitation. A flow phantom was constructed to restrict the flow of a dilute contrast agent solution to a small volume. Two single-element transducers, with nominal center frequencies of 40 and 20 MHz, were aligned such that they were confocal and orthogonal to each other, and their mutual focus was positioned within the flow phantom. The 40 MHz transducer was used in transmit/receive mode while the 20 MHz transducer was used passively in the receive mode. The radio-frequency backscatter signals from individual contrast agents were digitized simultaneously from both transducers under a variety of pulse durations (5–20 cycles), acoustic pressure levels (1.5–6.0 MPa), and driving frequencies (35–45 MHz). Echo signals from individual contrast agents were windowed and spectra were calculated. For each contrast agent, the magnitude of the subharmonic (20–MHz) response was normalized with respect to the magnitude of the fundamental (40–MHz) backscatter. Experimental results agreed closely with theoretical calculations. [Work supported by NIH EB006372.]
<title>Frequency domain optical tomography in human tissue</title> (1995)

In this paper, a reconstruction algorithm for frequency-domain optical tomography in human tissue is presented. A fast and efficient multigrid finite difference (MGFD) method is adopted as a forward solver to obtain the simulated detector responses and the required imaging operator. The solutions obtained form MGFD method for 3D problems with weakly discontinuous cocoefficients are compared with analyzed solutions to determine the accuracy of the numerical method. Simultaneous reconstruction of both absorption and scattering coefficients for tissue-like media is accomplished by solving a perturbation equation using the Born approximation. This solution is obtained by a conjugate gradient descent method with Tikhonov regularization. Two examples are given to show the quality of the reconstruction results. Both involve the examination of anatomically accurate optical models of tissue derived from segmented 3D magnetic resonance images to which have been assigned optical coefficients to the designated tissue types. One is a map of a female breast containing two small 'added pathologies', such as tumors. The other is a map of the brain containing a 'local bleeding' area, representing a hemorrhage. The reconstruction results show that the algorithm is computationally practical and can yield qualitatively correct geometry of the objects embedded in the simulated human tissue. Acceptable results are obtaiend even when 10% noise is present in the data.
A transgenic mouse bearing an antisense construct of regulatory subunit type 1A of protein kinase A develops endocrine and other tumours: comparison with Carney complex and other PRKAR1A induced lesions (2004)

We conclude that the tTA/X2AS mouse line with a downregulated Prkar1a gene replicates several of the findings in Carney complex patients and their affected tissues, supporting the role of RIalpha as a candidate tumour suppressor gene.
An Integrated Programmable High-Voltage Bipolar Pulser With Embedded Transmit/Receive Switch for Miniature Ultrasound Probes (2019)

This letter presents a compact programmable high-voltage (HV) pulser for ultrasound imaging, designed for driving capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) in miniature ultrasound probes. To enable bipolar return-to-zero (RZ) pulsing and embedded transmit/receive switching, a compact back-to-back isolating HV switch is proposed that employs HV floating-gate drivers with only one HV MOS transistor each. The pulser can be digitally programmed to generate bipolar pulses with and without RZ, with a peak-to-peak swing up to 60 V, as well as negative and positive unipolar pulses. It can generate bursts of up to 63 pulses, with a maximum pulse frequency of 9 MHz for an 18-pF transducer capacitance. Realized in TSMC 0.18-µm HV BCD technology, the pulser occupies only 0.167 mm2. Electrical characterization results of the pulser, as well as acoustic results obtained in the combination with a 7.5-MHz CMUT transducer, are presented.
Clinico-biological features of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with fusion proteins (2022)

T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias (T-ALL) represent 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult ALL. Since they have a particularly poor outcome in relapsed/refractory cases, identifying prognosis factors at diagnosis is crucial to adapting treatment for high-risk patients. Unlike acute myeloid leukemia and BCP ALL, chromosomal rearrangements leading to chimeric fusion-proteins with strong prognosis impact are sparsely reported in T-ALL. To address this issue an RT-MPLA assay was applied to a consecutive series of 522 adult and pediatric T-ALLs and identified a fusion transcript in 20% of cases. PICALM-MLLT10 (4%, n = 23), NUP214-ABL1 (3%, n = 19) and SET-NUP214 (3%, n = 18) were the most frequent. The clinico-biological characteristics linked to fusion transcripts in a subset of 235 patients (138 adults in the GRAALL2003/05 trials and 97 children from the FRALLE2000 trial) were analyzed to identify their prognosis impact. Patients with HOXA trans-deregulated T-ALLs with MLLT10, KMT2A and SET fusion transcripts (17%, 39/235) had a worse prognosis with a 5-year EFS of 35.7% vs 63.7% (HR = 1.63; p = 0.04) and a trend for a higher cumulative incidence of relapse (5-year CIR = 45.7% vs 25.2%, HR = 1.6; p = 0.11). Fusion transcripts status in T-ALL can be robustly identified by RT-MLPA, facilitating risk adapted treatment strategies for high-risk patients.
Molecules in Glass: Probes, Ordered Assemblies, and Functional Materials (2007)

Research on the properties and applications of molecules doped into sol-gel-derived silica matrices has expanded rapidly. This Account begins with a brief review of the use of the dopant molecules as probes of the changes that occur as the system evolves from the initial sol to the final xerogel during the formation of monoliths, thin films, and mesostructured films. Methods of deliberately placing desired molecules in specific regions of the mesostructure are discussed, and an application, energy transfer, is presented. Finally, encapsulation of biological molecules is examined, and two important aspects, stabilization of the biomolecules and applications as biosensors, are described.
Epsilon-Near-Zero Modes for Tailored Light-Matter Interaction (2015)

Engineering collective excitations such as plasmons and polaritons provides access to exotic optical properties. This study reports semiconductor nanostructures with coupled surface modes that interact with multiple resonant dipoles, yielding double and triple polariton branches in the system's response. This produces useful and tunable properties with the flexibility to enable low-voltage tunable filters, light-emitting diodes, and efficient nonlinear composite materials.
Sub-Rayleigh resolution by phase imaging (2010)

We report the experimental observation of systematically occurring phase singularities in coherent imaging of sub-Rayleigh distanced objects. A theory that relates the observation to the sub-Rayleigh distance is presented and compared with experimental measurements. As a consequence, the limit of resolution with coherent illumination is extended by a factor of 1.64x.