gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block for postoperative analgesia: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2023)

Ultrasound-guided transversalis fascia plane block (TFPB) has been used for providing postoperative analgesia after various lower abdominal surgeries like iliac crest bone harvesting, inguinal hernia repair, caesarean section and appendicectomy. After registering the protocol in PROSPERO, various databases like PubMed/Medline, Ovid, CENTRAL and clinicaltrials.gov were searched for randomized controlled trials and observational, comparative studies till October 2022. The risk of bias (RoB-2) scale was used to assess the quality of evidence. The database searched identified 149 articles. Out of these, 8 studies were identified for qualitative analysis and 3 studies were TFPB was compared to control in patients undergoing caesarean section were selected for quantitative analysis. At 12 hours, pain scores were significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control on movement with no heterogeneity. At other times, the pain scores were comparable. 24-hr opioid consumption was significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with significant heterogeneity. Time to rescue analgesia was significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with significant heterogeneity. Number of patients requiring rescue analgesia were significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with no heterogeneity. Postoperative nausea/vomiting (PONV) was significantly less in TFPB group when compared to control with minimal heterogeneity. In conclusion, TFPB is a safe block which provides opioid-sparing postoperative analgesia and a delayed time to rescue analgesia with no significant difference in pain scores and lesser PONV postoperatively when compared to control in patients undergoing caesarean section.
Electrical performance of bumpless build-up layer packaging (2003)

The bumpless build-up layer (BBUL) microelectronic packaging technology is characterized by the absence of a conventional substrate core and a direct extension of the outmost metallization layers of the die into the overall thin substrate. Such a coreless, thin package provides the advantages of small electrical loop inductance for power delivery and minimized discontinuities for high-speed signaling. Furthermore, it allows for reduced thermomechanical stresses on low dielectric constant (low-k) die materials, high lead count, and ready integration of multiple electronic, optical, and microelectromechanical components. BBUL is also expected to be compatible with innovative thermal solutions using frontside heat removal. After summarizing some of the non-electrical characteristics of the BBUL packaging technology we conduct transient electromagnetic (EM) simulations for the core power delivery problem.
Static and dynamic light scattering studies on dilute polyrotaxane solutions (2009)

Static and dynamic light scattering measurements were performed for dilute polyrotaxane solutions in different types of solvent systems, i.e. dimethylacetamide (DMAc) or dimethylformamide (DMF) containing 1-6 wt% lithium chloride (LiCl), 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). No aggregation of the polyrotaxane in DMF/LiCl was confirmed in the present study. Radius of gyration of the dissolved polyrotaxane was largest in NaOHaq., followed by values in amide solvents/LiCl and that in DMSO, and was probably dominated not by Coulombic repulsion but by the mutual affinity between solvent and polyrotaxane. Ratio of radius of gyration to hydrodynamic radius suggested the flexible random-coiled conformation in DMSO and relatively more extended, semi-flexible ones in amide solvents/LiCl and NaOHaq. The obtained values of second virial coefficient and weight average molecular weight seemed to be affected by a potential change in differential refractive index increments, caused by selective macrocationization or ionization.
Persistent spectral hole‐burning study on dendrimer porphyrins (2001)

Abstract We report the first results of persistent spectral hole burning of dendrimer porphyrins having three‐, four‐, or five‐layered aryl ether dendritic arrays. We evaluate structural relaxations of dendrimer framework around the porphyrin core at low temperatures. A large environmental change around the porphyrin core, as evaluated from the hole area, was suppressed in dendrimer porphyrins of higher generation numbers, whereas a small environmental change, as evaluated from hole width, showed no dependence on the number of generations. The dendrimer porphyrins showed sharp holes at 20 K, suggesting a long dephasing time and the suppression of spontaneous spectral diffusion. The results of dendrimer‐embedded polymer sample indicated that the structural relaxation of polymer chain outside the dendrimer does not have an influence on the resonant frequency of the porphyrin core. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 210–215, 2002
Ovalbumin and Poly(i:c) Encapsulated Dendritic Cell‐Targeted Nanoparticles for Immune Activation in the Small Intestinal Lymphatic System (2022)

Here, antigen and adjuvant encapsulated dendritic cell-targeted nanoparticles for immune activation in the small intestinal lymphatic system to inhibit melanoma development are described. This strategy is demonstrated using chondroitin sulfate-coated nanoparticles (OPGMN) grafted with glycocholic acid and mannose for cationic liposomes encapsulated with ovalbumin as an antigen and polyinosine-polycytidylic acid as a cancer-specific adjuvant. OPGMN is absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract and delivered to the lymph nodes when orally administered. Oral delivery of OPGMN induces increased dendritic cell maturation compared to the intradermal route in the lymph node and induces T helper type 1 and type 2 responses, such as immunoglobulin G1 and G2c, interferon-gamma, and interleukin-2, in the blood. Repeated oral administration of OPGMN increases the population of CD3<sup>+</sup> CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, CD44<sup>high</sup> CD62L<sup>low</sup> memory T cells, and CD11b<sup>+</sup> CD27<sup>+</sup> natural killer cells in the blood. OPGMN completely prevents melanoma development in the B16F10-bearing C57BL/6 mouse model by reducing the population of CD4<sup>+</sup> CD25<sup>+</sup> Foxp3<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells in the blood. This strategy is expected to prevent the recurrence of tumors after various cancer treatments.
Tobacco smoke cooperates with interleukin‐1β to alter β‐catenin trafficking in vascular endothelium resulting in increased permeability and induction of cyclooxygenase‐2 expression in vitro and in vivo (2007)

Cigarette smoking affects all phases of atherosclerosis from endothelial dysfunction to acute occlusive clinical events. We explored activation by exposure to tobacco smoke of two genes, beta-catenin and COX-2, that play key roles in inflammation and vascular remodeling events. Using both in vivo and in vitro smoke exposure, we determined that tobacco smoke (TS) induced nuclear beta-catenin accumulation and COX-2 expression and activity and moreover interacted with IL-1beta to enhance these effects. Exposure of cardiac endothelial cells to tobacco smoke plus IL-1beta (TS/IL-1beta) enhanced permeability of endothelial monolayers and disrupted membrane VE-cadherin/beta-catenin complexes, decreased beta-catenin phosphorylation, and increased phosphorylation of GSK-3beta, Akt, and EGFR. Transfection of endothelial cells with beta-catenin-directed small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed TS/IL-1beta-mediated effects on COX-2 modulation. Inhibitors of EGFR and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase also abolished both the TS/IL-1beta-mediated modulation of the Akt/GSK-3beta/beta-catenin pathway and enhancement of COX-2 expression. Moreover, increased levels of Akt and GSK-3beta phosphorylation, nuclear beta-catenin accumulation, COX-2 expression, and IL-1beta were observed in cardiovascular tissue of ApoE-/- mice exposed to cigarette smoke daily for 2 wk. Our results suggest a novel mechanism by which cigarette smoking can induce proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects in vascular tissue.
MXene-Based Nucleic Acid Biosensors for Agricultural and Food Systems (2022)

MXene is a two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterial that exhibits several superior properties suitable for fabricating biosensors. Likewise, the nucleic acid (NA) in oligomerization forms possesses highly specific biorecognition ability and other features amenable to biosensing. Hence the combined use of MXene and NA is becoming increasingly common in biosensor design and development. In this review, MXene- and NA-based biosensors are discussed in terms of their sensing mechanisms and fabrication details. MXenes are introduced from their definition and synthesis process to their characterization followed by their use in NA-mediated biosensor fabrication. The emphasis is placed on the detection of various targets relevant to agricultural and food systems, including microbial pathogens, chemical toxicants, heavy metals, organic pollutants, etc. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives are presented with an eye toward the development of advanced biosensors with improved detection performance.
Variable-speed-drive-based method for the cost optimization of air filter replacement timing (2021)

The flow resistance of air filters accounts for a significant share of the electric energy consumed by fan systems. Due to their inevitable fouling, filters must be replaced periodically. This paper presents a novel variable-speed-drive-based method for online determination of the cost-optimal time to replace the filter of a fan system. The total cost of filtering per filtered volume of air is continuously calculated and when its minimum is reached, filter replacement is recommended. As part of the calculation, the energy cost related to the pressure drop of the filter is estimated using a variable-speed-drive-based filter pressure drop soft sensor. In addition to a variable-speed-drive and manufacturers’ specifications for the fan and filter, no extra equipment is required. As such, the method can be implemented as a programmed feature in a variable-speed drive or in a remote control and monitoring system. Feasibility of the method is verified with simulations and laboratory measurements, and the results suggest that it can realize a lower life-cycle cost of air filtering than the so far prevalent practices of filter replacement timing.
A novel function for spumaretrovirus integrase: an early requirement for integrase-mediated cleavage of 2 LTR circles (2005)

Retroviral integration is central to viral persistence and pathogenesis, cancer as well as host genome evolution. However, it is unclear why integration appears essential for retrovirus production, especially given the abundance and transcriptional potential of non-integrated viral genomes. The involvement of retroviral endonuclease, also called integrase (IN), in replication steps apart from integration has been proposed, but is usually considered to be accessory. We observe here that integration of a retrovirus from the spumavirus family depends mainly on the quantity of viral DNA produced. Moreover, we found that IN directly participates to linear DNA production from 2-LTR circles by specifically cleaving the conserved palindromic sequence found at LTR-LTR junctions. These results challenge the prevailing view that integrase essential function is to catalyze retroviral DNA integration. Integrase activity upstream of this step, by controlling linear DNA production, is sufficient to explain the absolute requirement for this enzyme. The novel role of IN over 2-LTR circle junctions accounts for the pleiotropic effects observed in cells infected with IN mutants. It may explain why 1) 2-LTR circles accumulate in vivo in mutants carrying a defective IN while their linear and integrated DNA pools decrease; 2) why both LTRs are processed in a concerted manner. It also resolves the original puzzle concerning the integration of spumaretroviruses. More generally, it suggests to reassess 2-LTR circles as functional intermediates in the retrovirus cycle and to reconsider the idea that formation of the integrated provirus is an essential step of retrovirus production.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Biphenyls by Reaction of Nitroarenes with Phenols. (1986)

Abstract 2,6‐Di‐tert.‐butyl‐phenol (I) reagiert über das Anion in 4‐Stellung mit den 0‐ und p‐funktionellen Nitro‐benzol‐Derivaten (II) bzw. (IV) zu den Substitutionsprodukten (III) bzw. (V).
P‐234: Late‐News Poster : OLED Lighting with High Out‐Coupling Efficiency and Reliability (2017)

A very thick amorphous ZnO‐Si0 2 (a‐ZSO) is applied to an electron injection/transport layer of OLED fabricated on a high‐index‐scattering layer. Although the thick a‐ZSO enhances the interference inside the OLED, angular dependence of color is suppressed well by the scattering layer of high index submicron particles embedded in glass matrix. Due to the high transparency and the index matching with the other OLED layers, the out‐coupling efficiency is improved by ~1.7 times compared to the OLED without the scattering layer.
Reduction of spectral linewidth in AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers by a multiple quantum well structure (1987)

We demonstrate the reduction of the spectral linewidth in AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers by a multiple quantum well structure for the first time. The spectral linewidth-output power product was 54 MHz mW and was eight times smaller than that of conventional double heterostructure distributed feedback lasers. The narrowest spectral linewidth was 10.5 MHz at 5 mW.
A NANOFLUIDIC DEVICE FOR SELECTIVE CONCENTRATION AND LABEL-FREE SURFACE-ENHANCED RAMAN DETECTION OF PROTEIN AGGREGATES IMPLICATED IN NEURODEGENERATION (2010)

This work demonstrates an advanced method for highly selective concentration and sensitive label-free detection of protein aggregates, using a nanofluidic device with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate. In our previous work [1], we reported proof-of-concept results for a new type of nanofluidic device rapid prototyping using elastomeric collapse. Here, we present a practical application of this system by showing its ability to detect and characterize small amounts of protein aggregates, which are strongly implicated in several clinically and pathologically distinct diseases.
Timing Advance Tracking for Coherent OFDMA-PON Upstream System (2013)

A synchronization algorithm for coherent OFDMA-PON upstream is proposed. The feasibility of the tracking functionality is experimentally investigated. A differential delay of up to 37.6 ns was tracked and could be compensated at the ONU.
Interaction of transmit diversity and proportional fair scheduling (2004)

In evolving 3G systems, the proportional fair packet scheduling algorithm promises an attractive trade-off between average cell capacity and user fairness by exploiting multi-user selection diversity in time-shared channels. However, in these systems the option of antenna transmit diversity already exist, whose performance benefit is dependent on the considered scheduling strategy. This study focuses on the interaction between proportional fair packet scheduling and open or closed-loop transmit diversity techniques. The basic interaction is studied by using an analytical model. Additionally, Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to study the effect of scheduling delays. In the low mobility Rayleigh fading case, the potential average cell capacity gain with proportional fair scheduling, compared to a simple round robin in time approach, is on the order of 60% for single-antenna transmission. It reduces, however, to around 35% when dual antenna transmit diversity is additionally deployed. Comparing the performance of the different transmit diversity schemes to single-antenna transmission, conditioned on proportional fair scheduling, it is found that the closed-loop schemes provide a benefit over a wide range of terminal speeds, whereas open-loop space-time block coding exhibits limited performance and in some cases even a loss.
Accurate and Simple Evaluation of Vascular Anastomoses in Monochorionic Placenta using Colored Dye (2011)

The presence of placental vascular anastomoses is a conditio sine qua non for the development of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS) and twin anemia polycythemia sequence (TAPS)(1,2). Injection studies of twin placentas have shown that such anastomoses are almost invariably present in monochorionic twins and extremely rare in dichorionic twins(1). Three types of anastomoses have been documented: from artery to artery, from vein to vein and from artery to vein. Arterio-venous (AV) anastomoses are unidirectional and are referred to as "deep" anastomoses since they proceed through a shared placental cotyledon, whereas arterio-arterial (AA) and veno-venous (VV) anastomoses are bi-directional and are referred to as "superficial" since they lie on the chorionic plate. Both TTTS and TAPS are caused by net imbalance of blood flow between the twins due to AV anastomoses. Blood from one twin (the donor) is pumped through an artery into the shared placental cotyledon and then drained through a vein into the circulation of the other twin (the recipient). Unless blood is pumped back from the recipient to the donor through oppositely directed deep AV anastomoses or through superficial anastomoses, an imbalance of blood volumes occurs, gradually leading to the development of TTTS or TAPS. The presence of an AA anastomosis has been shown to protect against the development of TTTS and TAPS by compensating for the circulatory imbalance caused by the uni-directional AV anastomoses(1,2). Injection of monochorionic placentas soon after birth is a useful mean to understand the etiology of various (hematological) complications in monochorionic twins and is a required test to reach the diagnosis of TAPS(2). In addition, injection of TTTS placentas treated with fetoscopic laser surgery allows identification of possible residual anastomoses(3-5). This additional information is of paramount importance for all perinatologists involved in the management and care of monochorionic twins with TTTS or TAPS. Several placental injection techniques are currently being used. We provide a simple protocol to accurately evaluate the presence of (residual) vascular anastomoses using colored dye injection.
Pharmacodynamics of Telavancin (TD-6424), a Novel Bactericidal Agent, against Gram-Positive Bacteria (2004)

Telavancin (TD-6424) is a novel lipoglycopeptide that produces rapid and concentration-dependent killing of clinically relevant gram-positive organisms in vitro. The present studies evaluated the in vivo pharmacodynamics of telavancin in the mouse neutropenic thigh (MNT) and mouse subcutaneous infection (MSI) animal models. Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies in the MNT model demonstrated that the 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUC)/MIC ratio was the best predictor of efficacy. Telavancin produced dose-dependent reduction of thigh titers of several organisms, including methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis. The 50% effective dose (ED50) estimates for telavancin ranged from 0.5 to 6.6 mg/kg of body weight (administered intravenously), and titers were reduced by up to 3 log10 CFU/g from pretreatment values. Against MRSA ATCC 33591, telavancin was 4- and 30-fold more potent (on an ED50 basis) than vancomycin and linezolid, respectively. Against MSSA ATCC 13709, telavancin was 16- and 40-fold more potent than vancomycin and nafcillin, respectively. Telavancin, vancomycin, and linezolid were all efficacious and more potent against MRSA ATCC 33591 in the MSI model compared to the MNT model. This deviation in potency was, however, disproportionately greater for vancomycin and linezolid than for telavancin, suggesting that activity of telavancin is less affected by the immune status. The findings of these studies collectively suggest that once-daily dosing of telavancin may provide an effective approach for the treatment of clinically relevant infections with gram-positive organisms.
Vital dye labelling of Xenopus laevis trunk neural crest reveals multipotency and novel pathways of migration (1993)

Although the Xenopus embryo has served as an important model system for both molecular and cellular studies of vertebrate development, comparatively little is known about its neural crest. Here, we take advantage of the ease of manipulation and relative transparency of Xenopus laevis embryos to follow neural crest cell migration and differentiation in living embryos. We use two techniques to study the lineage and migratory patterns of frog neural crest cells: (1) injections of DiI or lysinated rhodamine dextran (LRD) into small populations of neural crest cells to follow movement and (2) injections of LRD into single cells to follow cell lineage. By using non-invasive approaches that allow observations in living embryos and control of the time and position of labelling, we have been able to expand upon the results of previous grafting experiments. Migration and differentiation of the labelled cells were observed over time in individual living embryos, and later in sections to determine precise position and morphology. Derivatives populated by the neural crest are the fins, pigment stripes, spinal ganglia, adrenal medulla, pronephric duct, enteric nuclei and the posterior portion of the dorsal aorta. In the rostral to mid-trunk levels, most neural crest cells migrate along two paths: a dorsal pathway into the fin, followed by presumptive fin cells, and a ventral pathway along the neural tube and notochord, followed by presumptive pigment, sensory ganglion, sympathetic ganglion and adrenal medullary cells. In the caudal trunk, two additional paths were noted. One group of cells moves circumferentially within the fin, in an arc from dorsal to ventral; another progresses ventrally to the anus and subsequently populates the ventral fin. By labelling individual precursor cells, we find that neural tube and neural crest cells often share a common precursor. The majority of clones contain labelled progeny cells in the dorsal fin. The remainder have progeny in multiple derivatives including spinal ganglion cells, pigment cells, enteric cells, fin cells and/or neural tube cells in all combinations, suggesting that many premigratory Xenopus neural crest precursors are multipotent.
Femtosecond laser fabrication of Bragg gratings in borosilicate ion-exchange waveguides (2006)

Ultrafast 800-nm radiation from a Ti : sapphire amplifier was used to write high reflectivity Bragg gratings in silver ion-exchange waveguides made in a borosilicate glass substrate. The fabrication and visual/spectral characterization of the grating structures are presented. The measurements show low polarization effects in the grating spectral characteristics
Application of a Retarding-type Mott Analyzer to Observation of Magnetic Domains (1999)

We developed a retarding-type Mott analyzer, of which the figure of merit and the size were improved as compared with our previously designed analyzers. The figure of merit of the new analyzer is sufficient to be used in a spin-polarized secondary electron microscope (SP-SEM) system. Equipping a UHV-SEM system with the analyzer and a secondary electron collector, we constructed an SP-SEM system. The proper operation of the system was confirmed by observing a single Fe crystal and we got clear images of domain structures on the Fe (001) surface. We also got a magnetic domain image of a patterned permalloy thin film.