gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Proteomics of novel induced pluripotent stem cell-derived vascular endothelial cells reveal extensive similarity with an immortalized human endothelial cell line (2023)

The vascular endothelium constitutes the inner lining of the blood vessel, and malfunction and injuries of the endothelium can cause cardiovascular diseases as well as other diseases including stroke, tumor growth, and chronic kidney failure. Generation of effective sources to replace injured endothelial cells (ECs) could have significant clinical impact, and somatic cell sources like peripheral or cord blood cannot credibly supply enough endothelial cell progenitors for multitude of treatments. Pluripotent stem cells are a promising source for a reliable EC supply, which have the potential to restore tissue function and treat vascular diseases. We have developed methods to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) efficiently and robustly across multiple iPSC lines into nontissue-specific pan vascular ECs (iECs) with high purity. These iECs present with canonical endothelial cell markers and exhibit measures of endothelial cell functionality with the uptake of Dil fluorescent dye-labeled acetylated low-density lipoprotein (Dil-Ac-LDL) and tube formation. Using proteomic analysis, we revealed that the iECs are more proteomically similar to established human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs) than to iPSCs. Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) were most shared between HUVECs and iECs, and potential targets for increasing the proteomic similarity of iECs to HUVECs were identified. Here we demonstrate an efficient robust method to differentiate iPSCs into functional ECs, and for the first time provide a comprehensive protein expression profile of iECs, which indicates their similarities with a widely used immortalized HUVECs, allowing for further mechanistic studies of EC development, signaling, and metabolism for future regenerative applications.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> We have developed methods to differentiate induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) across multiple iPSC lines into nontissue-specific pan vascular ECs (iECs) and demonstrated the proteomic similarity of these cells to a widely used endothelial cell line (HUVECs). We also identified posttranslational modifications and targets for increasing the proteomic similarity of iECs to HUVECs. In the future, iECs can be used to study EC development, signaling, and metabolism for future regenerative applications.
PERFORMANCE OF A CRUSH SENSOR FOR USE WITH AUTOMOTIVE AIR BAG SYSTEMS (1992)

In earlier SAE papers the authors demonstrated that the ideal crash sensor for use in the crush zone has a constant velocity change response, and various sensors are now in use which perform as acceleration integrators. Further study of sensor performance, however, has shown that crush zone sensors function by being struck by crushed material which is forced rearward during the crash. This observation has led to the design of an inexpensive sensor which measures crush instead of velocity. The crush of the vehicle is used as an accurate indicator of the severity of the crash. This paper presents the theoretical basis for a sensor which initiates air bag deployment when the crush of the vehicle exceeds a pre-selected amount. In a companion SAE paper, the authors have demonstrated that single point sensing in the passenger compartment may result in late air bag deployment on soft crashes, and, therefore, sensing in the crush zone is required. Crush sensors, such as described in this paper, have significant performance advantages over current generation sensors and can be used either alone or in conjunction with electronic passenger compartment sensors.
AMP-18 facilitates assembly and stabilization of tight junctions to protect the colonic mucosal barrier (2012)

AMP-18 facilitates translocation and assembly of multiple proteins into TJs and their association with and subsequent stabilization of the actin filament network. We speculate that improved barrier function induced by AMP-18 is mediated by enhanced TJ assembly. Thus, AMP-18 may provide a promising lead to develop agents effective in healing injured colonic epithelium in IBD.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of 1‐Nitro‐2‐(trialkylsilyl)acetylenes. (1990)

Abstract The title compounds (III), prepared by reaction of the alkynes (I) with nitryl hexafluorophosphate (II), react with the dienes (IV) to give the cycloadducts (V).
[DAHANCA (Danish Head and Neck Cancer)--20 years of cooperation]. (1998)

A review of the DAHANCA-group's projects concerning cancer of the head and neck over 20 years is presented. Apart from the first, all projects were randomized trials. Two projects with neoadjuvant chemotherapy have not shown any notable tumour control or better survival. More than 1800 patients suffering from cancer of the head and neck treated in the five oncological centres of the country were included in the three projects concerning radiosensitizers and radiotherapy. The radiation has been accelerated during the years making it more effective. Each of the three projects has improved the local control rate by 11-15% and the survival is enhanced by 11-13% for each project. Cooperation between our five oncological centres has given good results and increased the survival for patients with head and neck cancer. It is now routine to give the radiosensitizer tablets Nimorazol 1 1/2 hours before radiation and to give six fractions weekly to patients with squamous cell cancer in the supraglottic region, pharynx and oral cavity.
Two-dimensional TIRF-SIM–traction force microscopy (2D TIRF-SIM-TFM) (2021)

Quantifying small, rapidly evolving forces generated by cells is a major challenge for the understanding of biomechanics and mechanobiology in health and disease. Traction force microscopy remains one of the most broadly applied force probing technologies but typically restricts itself to slow events over seconds and micron-scale displacements. Here, we improve >2-fold spatially and >10-fold temporally the resolution of planar cellular force probing compared to its related conventional modalities by combining fast two-dimensional total internal reflection fluorescence super-resolution structured illumination microscopy and traction force microscopy. This live-cell 2D TIRF-SIM-TFM methodology offers a combination of spatio-temporal resolution enhancement relevant to forces on the nano- and sub-second scales, opening up new aspects of mechanobiology to analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of myo‐Inositol 1‐Phosphorothioate 4,5‐Bisphosphate: Preparation of a Fluorescently Labelled myo‐Inositol 1,4,5‐ Trisphosphate Analogue. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Peritectic solidification and precipitation of α-Re in β-NiAl Alloys containing Re additions (1989)

Recently it has been shown that solidification of β-NiAl alloys which contain additions of Re will produce eutectic microstructures. The microstructure of the eutectic was determined to be composed of a matrix of β-NiAl with fibers of α-Re. It was thus concluded that a eutectic quasi-binary isopleth between β-NiAl and α-Re was present. Electron microprobe analysis of the eutectic areas showed a eutectic composition (in atomic percent) of 47.5 Ni, 51 Al and 1.5 Re. The fracture of these eutectic structures has been the primary interest in studying these materials. It appears that the α-Re may improve the fracture toughness of β-NiAl by a fiber pull-out mechanism, see Fig. 1. Careful examination of the α-Re fibers will reveal that each fiber exhibits plastic deformation. Indeed if the eutectic structure could be produced by directional solidification, the fracture toughness of this composite structure could be determined. The purpose of the present study is to further clarify the nature of this quasi-binary phase diagram.
Cryptococcus neoformans Can Utilize the Bacterial Melanin Precursor Homogentisic Acid for Fungal Melanogenesis (2006)

Cryptococcus neoformans melanizes in the environment and in mammalian tissues, but the process of melanization in either venue is mysterious given that this microbe produces melanin only from exogenous substrates. Understanding the process of melanization is important because melanization is believed to protect against various stresses in the environment, including UV radiation, and pigment production is associated with virulence. Melanization in C. neoformans requires the availability of diphenolic precursors. In contrast, many bacteria synthesize melanin from homogentisic acid (HGA). We report that C. neoformans strains representing all four serotypes can produce a brown pigment from HGA. The brown pigment was acid resistant and had the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of a stable free radical, qualities that identified it as a melanin. Melanin "ghost"-like particles obtained from pigmented C. neoformans cells were hydrophobic, fluorescent under a variety of irradiation wavelengths, negatively charged, insoluble in organic solvents and alcohols, resistant to degradation by strong acids, and vulnerable to bleaching. HGA melanization was laccase dependent and repressed by high concentrations of glucose. The ability of C. neoformans to utilize a bacterial melanin precursor compound suggests a new substrate source for melanization in the environment.
Dispersion of Oleate-modified CeO2 Nanocrystals in Non-Polar Solvent and Aqueous Solution (2013)

Oleate-modified CeO 2 nanocrystals with the size of 2-7 nm were synthesized by a hydrothermal treatment. Characterization of the nanocrystal was performed by XRD, TEM, and IR analyses. Dispersion states of the hydrophobic CeO 2 nanocrystals were investigated in toluene and several types of alkaline aqueous solution such as KOH, TMAH, and ammonia solution, and different dispersion modes were observed. Toluene and strongly basic aqueous solution gave excellent transparent dispersion liquids, while the weakly basic solution resulted in the turbid dispersion indicating the formation of large micelles. The particle-size distribution measurement by the DLS method and the surface-potential measurement suggested the dispersion mechanism of CeO 2 nanocrystals and clarified the micelle formation process in aqueous solution.
S926 Effects of Immune Modifying Therapies on Antibody Responses Following SARS-CoV-2 mRNA Vaccination in Adults With Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2021)

Introduction: Effects of immune-modifying therapies (IMT) on responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are unclear, given that people on IMT were underrepresented in vaccine trials. In particular, data on vaccine response in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with and without ongoing IMT medication use have been conflicting. Methods: In a cohort of adults with IBD who received 2 doses of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, we analyzed plasma antibodies to the viral spike protein receptor binding domain [IgG(S-RBD)] using the SARS-CoV-2 IgG-II assay (Abbott Labs, Abbott Park, IL). Antibody levels were measured at multiple timepoints: within 2 weeks of dose 1 (D1), at dose 2 (D2), and weeks 2 (W2) and 8 (W8) thereafter. IgG(S) ≥50 AU/mL was defined as positive. After excluding those with positive baseline anti-nucleocapsid IgG, we used t-tests and Fisher Exact tests to examine antibody titers by age, sex, disease type, vaccine type, and medication class. In addition to corticosteroids or immunomodulators, IMT included “advanced therapies” such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a, anti-integrin (vedolizumab), anti-interleukin (IL)-12/23, and JAK inhibitors. In linear regression models, we examined multivariable-adjusted associations of IMT with antibody response at W8. Results: Of the 341 vaccine recipients eligible for analyses (aged 47 ± 15 years; 62% female) (Table 1), 193 (57%) received BNT162b2 and 148 (43%) mRNA-1273. Overall, 48% had positive IgG(S) after D1, 92% after D2, and 99% at W2. Negative titers were associated with corticosteroid use (D1, D2) and longer IBD duration (D2). Quantitative levels were lower if taking corticosteroids (D2, W2, W8), ustekinumab (W2), advanced therapies (W8), or having received BNT162b2 (W8). Predictors of lower titers at W8 included receipt of BNT162b2, advanced therapy (Figure 1), and immunomodulators in models adjusting for age, IBD duration, vaccine type, and other medications. Conclusion: After complete vaccination, nearly all persons with IBD had detectable antibodies by W8 irrespective of medication use. However, levels were quantitatively lower for patients receiving advanced therapies, other IMT, or BNT162b2 vaccine type although implications of lower antibodies are unknown. Our overall findings offer reassurance to adults with IBD on advanced therapies, although those receiving advanced therapies, other IMT, or BNT162b2 may benefit from further longitudinal assessment of cellular and humoral immunity as well as breakthrough COVID-19 infection to inform optimal booster strategies.Table 1.: Seropositivity (anti-Spike IgG ≥50 AU/mL) to SARS-COV-2 mRNA vaccination in IBD (SD - standard deviation; TNF - tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IL - interleukin; JAKi - Janus kinase inhibitor)Figure 1.: Patients receiving advanced therapies (biologics or Janus kinase inhibitors), have lower quantitative serologic responses at 8 weeks following dose 2 of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination (dotted line represents threshold of positivity greater than or equal to 50 AU/mL).
Mao in Charge (1997)

Abstract This chapter examines Mao Zedong's reassertion of control over the main lines of foreign and domestic policy in the second half of 1962. During this period, Mao started to form an informal cabinet to assist him, an ad hoc coalition of trusted supporters like Kang Sheng, which would become a truly anti-party group when the Cultural Revolution was launched. The adoption of this extra-bureaucratic approach was based on the belief that the Communist Party's machinery was no longer loyal to Mao and that it no longer shared his vision.
Chronic portal hypertension: effects on gastrointestinal blood flow distribution (1986)

The intramural distribution of blood flow in the gastrointestinal tract was measured in shamoperated control and portal vein-stenosed rats. Total organ blood flow, measured via the radioactive microsphere technique, was elevated in the esophagus (66%), stomach (102%), duodenum (42%), jejunum (52%), ileum (54%), and colon (79%) of portal-hypertensive rats. Histological evaluation of carbonized nonradioactive 15-microns microspheres allowed for fractionation of blood flow within the wall (mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa) of each organ. The microsphere distribution pattern indicates that intramural blood flow distribution in all organs was not dramatically affected by chronic portal hypertension. These findings further define the characteristics of the factors responsible for the gastrointestinal hyperemia produced by chronic portal hypertension.
Glossary of terms used in computational drug design, part II (IUPAC Recommendations 2015) (2016)

Abstract Computational drug design is a rapidly changing field that plays an increasingly important role in medicinal chemistry. Since the publication of the first glossary in 1997, substantial changes have occurred in both medicinal chemistry and computational drug design. This has resulted in the use of many new terms and the consequent necessity to update the previous glossary. For this purpose a Working Party of eight experts was assembled. They produced explanatory definitions of more than 150 new and revised terms.
The New High-Efficiency Hybrid Neutral-Point-Clamped Converter (2012)

This paper introduces a novel three-level voltage-source converter (VSC) as an alternative to known three-level topologies, including the conventional neutral-point-clamped converter (NPCC), many T-type VSCs, and active NPCC. It is shown that, operating in the low converter dc-link voltage range, this new solution not only can achieve higher efficiency than many typical three-level structures but also can overcome their drawback of asymmetrical semiconductor loss distribution for some operating conditions. Therefore, a remarkable increase of the converter output power capability and/or system reliability can be accomplished. The switching states and commutations of the converter, named here as hybrid NPCC (H-NPCC), are analyzed, and a loss-balancing scheme is introduced. Five- and seven-level H-NPCC topologies with loss-balancing features are also presented. Finally, a semiconductor-area-based comparison is used to further evaluate many three-level VSC systems. Interestingly, the total chip area of the proposed H-NPCC is already the lowest for low switching frequencies.
Disproportionation of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical as a model of reactive oxygen species catalysed by Lewis and/or Brønsted acids (2013)

Electron-transfer disproportionation of a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH˙) occurred in the presence of Sc(3+) acting as a strong Lewis acid in deaerated acetonitrile. In contrast, in the case of weaker Lewis acids than Sc(3+), such as Mg(2+) and Li(+), external protons from acetic acid were required for the disproportionation of DPPH˙ to occur.
Resource Accounting of Shared IT Resources in Multi-Tenant Clouds (2015)

In today's IT platforms, the capability to accurately account overall resource usage among applications is crucial for variety of management actions (e.g., capacity planning, dynamic resource reallocation and/or load balancing). However, in the environments where small number of shared services cater to a large number of distinct entities' requests, resource accounting becomes significantly challenging. First, the overall resource consumption at the shared service is the aggregate of the resource consumption for multiple remote entities whose identities are not visible to the shared service. Second, even if such information becomes available, common monitoring tools (e.g., top, iostat) are unable to deliver accurate break-down of resource consumption since sharing occurs at sub-instance level (i.e., service instances are not exclusive). We study inherent challenges of performing resource accounting of shared resource. We compare two nonintrusive approaches having different balance between local monitoring and collective inference - (i) LR that uses easily-available tools which provide aggregate measurement and applying well-known linear regression as inference, and (ii) Rameter that puts more emphasis on gathering fine-grained per-thread information from within the hypervisor and applying light inference on the data. Evaluation shows that Rameter offers less than 1% error in accounting whereas LR's error fluctuates between 5-150%.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel, Convenient, Three‐Dimensional Orthogonal Strategy for Solid‐ Phase Synthesis of Cyclic Peptides. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Localized ex-vivo microbubble-based model drug delivery using an ultrasound catheter (2010)

Focal drug delivery using ultrasound applied to microbubbles in the vascular system relies on the microbubbles being in close proximity to the vessel wall. In-vitro microbubble translation to a vessel wall under primary radiation force using an intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheter was tested using a wall-less flow phantom. Experiments were performed in 40% hematocrit blood to optimize the Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF) for translating microbubbles to the edge of a channel under flow. An optimal PRF of 10 kHz in blood was selected for the IVUS catheter based on the results of the wall-less flow phantom experiments. Ex-vivo delivery of Dil, a hydrophobic fluorescent dye used as a model drug, was performed on excised porcine arteries under flow conditions of 30 ml/min with microbubbles incorporating Dil and both a 30 μs, 80 kPa PNP, 1.5 MHz Gaussian ramped sinusoid at 10kHz PRF for microbubble translation and 20% fractional bandwidth, 120 kPa PNP, Gaussian at 1kHz PRF for microbubble destruction. The results of Dil delivery were imaged with a fluorescent microscope and indicated a 665% greater intensity (in arbitrary units derived from fluorescence intensity) in the treated region versus the untreated region. This demonstrates that the IVUS catheter successfully provided localized delivery of the Dil marker to a porcine carotid artery.
Double‐row arthroscopic rotator cuff repair: re‐establishing the footprint of the rotator cuff (2003)

Recently, there has been an increased interest in the normal anatomy of the rotator cuff footprint and the re-establishment of the footprint during rotator cuff repair. Single-row suture anchor techniques have been criticized because of their inability to restore the normal medial-to-lateral width of the rotator cuff footprint. In this report, the authors describe a double-row technique for rotator cuff repair that re-establishes the normal rotator cuff footprint, increases the contact area for healing, and may potentially improve clinical results.
UWB channel measurements and modeling for positioning and communications systems in the operating room (2011)

The prevalence of UWB has greatly increased in recent years for numerous applications in dense multipath indoor environments. We have measured and modeled the ultra-wideband (UWB) channel environment found in the operating room which can be used to examine its effects on the performance of UWB positioning and communications systems. Frequency and time domain measurement data obtained in the operating room in both live (during orthopedic surgeries) and non-live scenarios was fit to the IEEE 802.15.4a channel model. Simulation data was then obtained through the IEEE 802.15.4a channel model for characterizing the operating room environment. Electromagnetic interference was also measured in the operating room. Even in the dense multipath environment found in the operating room, UWB shows strong potential for multiple applications including wireless tracking for surgical navigation, incorporation into low power ex vivo and in vivo bio-sensors, and high data rate wireless telemetry of critical bio-signals including ECG, EMG, blood pressure, and body temperature.
Alternatively spliced variants: A new view of the integrin cytoplasmic domain (1997)

A large number of studies have underscored a major role for the integrin alpha beta cytoplasmic domains in the modulation of cell functions. Cytoplasmic domain variants of the beta 1, beta 3, beta 4, alpha 3, alpha 6 and alpha 7 subunits have been described. These molecules are generated by alternative splicing events and are expressed in a cell- or tissue-type specific manner. Some of these variants (beta 1C, beta 1D, alpha 6A and alpha 7A) are predominantly expressed upon differentiation and have been shown to be regulated during development. The studies on the structure-function relationship of the integrin variant subunits, published between 1989 and now, will be reviewed here for the first time. The results demonstrate that differences in the cytoplasmic domain do not affect either the alpha beta heterodimer formation or the ligand specificity. Instead, alternatively spliced integrin cytoplasmic domains appear to be essential modulators of receptor localization, cell proliferation and migration, as well as phosphorylation of signaling molecules. These observations lead to the current hypothesis that cell-type specific regulation of alternatively spliced integrin cytoplasmic domains may provide a highly specialized mechanism to control cell growth and intracellular signaling pathways.