gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How to Pitch an Antibiotic Stewardship Program to the Hospital C-Suite (2016)

Hospitals will soon require antibiotic stewardship programs. Infectious diseases specialists must craft business plans to engage hospital leadership to fund such programs. In this article, we review key cost and revenue elements that should be covered in such plans. Society is placing increasing emphasis on the importance of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). New regulatory standards require hospitals to implement ASPs. Infectious Diseases (ID) specialists will need to help design and implement such programs at hospitals. A critical component of establishing such programs is submitting a business plan to hospital leadership justifying the cost and structure of the ASP and explaining what benefits the hospital will gain in return. In this article, we explore typical elements of such business plans and describe how hospital leadership may evaluate and determine the value of such plans. Understanding hospital costs and revenue models is critical to creating a viable and realistic business plan to support ASPs.
Qualitative analysis of visualization (2008)

We conducted an ethnographic field study examining the ways in which building design teams used visual representations of data to coordinate their work. Here we describe our experience with this field study approach, including both quantitative and qualitative analysis of field study data. Conducting a field study enabled us to effectively examine real work practice of a diverse team of experts, which would have been nearly impossible in a laboratory study. We also found that structured qualitative analysis methods provided deeper insight into our results than our initial quantitative approach. Our experience suggests that field studies and qualitative analysis could have substantial benefit in visualization and could nicely complement existing quantitative laboratory studies.
Relationship between Stavermanʼs Reflection and Sieving Coefficients in a Plasma Fractionator (1986)

MINESHIMA, MICHIO; HASUO, YOSHIHIRO; KANEKO, IWAKAZU; ERA, KAZUO; AGISHI, TETSUZO; OTA, KAZUO; SAKAI, KIYOTAKA Author Information
Pentacoordinate anionic bis(siliconates) containing a fluorine bridge between two silicon atoms. Synthesis, solid-state structures, and dynamic behavior in solution (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPentacoordinate anionic bis(siliconates) containing a fluorine bridge between two silicon atoms. Synthesis, solid-state structures, and dynamic behavior in solutionKohei Tamao, Takashi Hayashi, Yoshihiko Ito, and Motoo ShiroCite this: Organometallics 1992, 11, 6, 2099–2114Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00042a026https://doi.org/10.1021/om00042a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views593Altmetric-Citations175LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Interpolation based direct digital frequency synthesis for wireless communications (2003)

In this paper, a compact architecture for direct digital frequency synthesis (DDFS) is presented. It uses a smaller lookup table for sine and cosine functions compared to existing architectures, with minimal hardware overhead. The computation of the sinusoidal values is performed by a parabolic interpolation structure, thus only interpolation coefficients need to be stored in the read-only memory (ROM). A DDFS with 64 dBc SFDR, 10-bit output resolution and 32 bit phase accumulator requires only 104 bits of ROM storage. The ROM size is consistently less than 1 Kbits for SFDR up to 85 dBc.
Covalent Incorporation of Trehalose within Hydrogels for Enhanced Long‐Term Functional Stability and Controlled Release of Biomacromolecules (2015)

Hydrogels with covalently incorporated trehalose are synthesized using thiol-ene Michael addition. Trehalose hydrogels afford prolonged stabilization and -controlled release of model enzymes in vitro and in vivo as well as preservation of protein stability under heat and -lyophilization stressors. Strong and -ordered hydrogen bonding interactions within covalently incorporated trehalose hydrogels represent a possible mechanism for protein stabilization.
Glass with hydration‐induced compressive stress profiles (2021)

Abstract A novel potassium phospho‐aluminosilicate composition is described that can be strengthened by water vapor to achieve deep compressive stress (CS) profiles. Water vapor treatment at (A) 85°C and 85% relative humidity for 40 days results in a CS of 389 ± 20 MPa and a compressive depth of layer (DOL) of 18 ± 2 μm. When treated at (B) 160°C and 0.1 MPa for 7 days, a CS of 245 ± 20 MPa and a DOL of 40 ± 2 μm is achieved. Glasses with hydration‐induced stress profiles can provide high retained strength following flaw introduction compared with ion‐exchanged soda‐lime silicate glass. Sample treatment B also has an exemplary Vickers indentation cracking threshold value greater than 20 kgf. The hydration profile determined by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) is shown to closely match the stress profile for these samples. SIMS analysis also shows that the depth of water enrichment correlates well with the depletion depth of phosphorus. The high tendency towards water‐induced strengthening for this new type of glass even enables self‐strengthening by the generation of a near‐surface CS profile following exposure to ambient conditions.
Self-Assembled Monolayer of a Redox-Active Calix[4]arene:  Voltammetric Recognition of the Ba2+ Ion in Aqueous Media (2001)

The Redox-active monolayer of a novel calix[4]arene recognizing redox-inactive ionic species by voltammetry is reported. Calix[4]arene-disulfide-diquinone, which is not only redox-active but is also a highly selective ionophore for the Ba2+ ion, spontaneously forms a stable and dense monolayer film on gold. The redox-active calixarene monolayer selectively recognizes Ba2+ ion in aqueous media, and the voltammetric signals are proportional to the ionic concentration. A new voltammetric peak can be detected by square-wave voltammetry upon adding a dilute solution containing Ba2+ ion having a concentration as low as 1.0 x 10(-6) M. The Langmuir plot (1/ip vs 1/[Ba2+]) shows a linear slope in the range from 1.0 x 10(-6) M to 1.0 x 10(-4) M. This modified electrode does not show any significant interference from alkali and alkaline earth metal ions except for Sr2+ and Ca2+. Only 100- and 500-fold concentrations of Sr2+ and Ca2+ ions, respectively, can lead to voltammetric responses comparable to that of Ba2+.
ISHMAEL: in-situ sample handling modular analytical experimental laboratory [for planetary surface exploration] (2002)

In-situ instruments are an integral part of mission designs for exploration of planetary surfaces. A technology gap exists today between sample acquisition and sample analysis tools. Integrated science payload packages need an integrated sample handling system. One approach is to transport and manipulate samples from a few microns up to /spl sim/100 microns in diameter by a carrier fluid contained in microfluidic manifold of channels. We are developing a set of modular, reconfigurable, rapid prototyping components for sample manipulation. This set will consist of passive and active components. The passive components are easily stackable in three dimensions and can be built into complex distribution geometries to service many instruments. The active components will allow for sample sorting, gating and immobilization. We will use dielectrophoretic technology to manipulate particles in liquid flow. In addition to simply handling the sample we can also perform certain science tasks, such as dielectric spectroscopy or microscopic analysis of caged particles.
Unintentional child poisoning risk: A review of causal factors and prevention studies (2016)

Unintentional child poisoning represents a significant public health priority in the United States and globally. This article was written to accomplish three goals: (a) outline and discuss a conceptual model of factors that lead to unintentional poisoning incidents among children under 5 years of age, including the roles of individual people, the environment, packaging and labeling of toxic products, and community and society; (b) review published literature concerning interventions designed specifically to reduce unintentional child poisoning; and (c) draw conclusions about what is known and what gaps exist in the current literature on unintentional child poisoning prevention to inform development, evaluation, and implementation of empirically supported, theoretically based prevention programs. The need for multi-faceted, multi-disciplinary, team-based approaches to prevention is emphasized.
Fluorescence-based multiplexed point-of-care sensor using deep learning (2023)

We present a multiplexed paper-based point-of-care sensor processed by a hand-held fluorescence reader and neural networks that quantify three cardiovascular disease biomarkers from human serum samples, achieving a limit-of-detection of ≤0.52 ng/mL for each biomarker.
Transcytosis of Nanomedicine for Tumor Penetration (2019)

The diffusion of nanomedicines used to treat tumors is severely hindered by the microenvironment, which is a challenge that has emerged as a bottleneck for the effective outcome of nanotherapies. Classical strategies for enhancing tumor penetration rely on passive movement in the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here, we demonstrate that nanomedicine also penetrates tumor lesions via an active trans-cell transportation process. This process was discovered by directly observing the movement of nanoparticles between cells, evaluating the intracellular trafficking pathway of nanoparticles via Rab protein labeling, comparing endocytosis-exocytosis between nanoparticles administered with inhibitors, and correlating the transcytosis process with the micro-CT distribution of nanomedicines. We also demonstrated that enhanced tumor penetration promotes the therapeutic efficacy of a photodynamic therapeutic nanomedicine. Our research thus suggests that transcytosis could be an important positive factor for designing cancer nanomedicines.
Effect of dual gate control on the alternating current performance of graphene radio frequency device (2013)

The excellent electrical properties of graphene, such as its high carrier mobility, gate tunability, and mechanical flexibility makes it a very promising material for radio frequency (RF) electronics. Here we study the impact of top and bottom gate control on the essential performance metrics of graphene RF transistors. We find that the maximum cut-off frequency improves as the bottom gate voltage is tuned towards the same polarity as the top gate bias voltage. These results can be explained by the bottom-gate tunable doping of the graphene underneath the metal contacts and in the under-lap region. These effects become more dramatic with device down-scaling. We also find that the minimum output conductance occurs, when the drain voltage roughly equals an effective gate voltage (Veff≈VTG+VBG⋅CBG/CTG, where VTG and VBG are top and bottom gate voltage, CTG and CBG are the respective gate capacitance). The minimum output conductance is reduced as the bottom gate bias increases, due to the stronger control of the channel from the bottom gate, lessening the influence of the drain voltage on the drain current. As a result of these two influences, when the bottom gate voltage is tuned towards the same polarity as the top gate voltage, both the maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) and the intrinsic gain significantly improve. The intrinsic gain can increase as high as 3–4 times as the gain without the bottom gate bias. Tuning the bottom gate to enhance fmax and gain will be very important elements in the effort to enable graphene RF devices for practical use.
Cleavage targets and the D-arginine-based inhibitors of the West Nile virus NS3 processing proteinase (2005)

Mosquito-borne WNV (West Nile virus) is an emerging global threat. The NS3 proteinase, which is essential for the proteolytic processing of the viral polyprotein precursor, is a promising drug target. We have isolated and biochemically characterized the recombinant, highly active NS3 proteinase. We have determined that the NS3 proteinase functions in a manner that is distantly similar to furin in cleaving the peptide and protein substrates. We determined that aprotinin and D-arginine-based 9-12-mer peptides are potent inhibitors of WNV NS3 with K(i) values of 26 nM and 1 nM respectively. Consistent with the essential role of NS3 activity in the life cycle of WNV and with the sensitivity of NS3 activity to the D-arginine-based peptides, we showed that nona-D-Arg-NH2 reduced WNV infection in primary neurons. We have also shown that myelin basic protein, a deficiency of which is linked to neurological abnormalities of the brain, is sensitive to NS3 proteolysis in vitro and therefore this protein represents a convenient test substrate for the studies of NS3. A three-dimensional model of WNV NS3 that we created may provide a structural guidance and a rationale for the subsequent design of fine-tuned inhibitors. Overall, our findings represent a foundation for in-depth mechanistic and structural studies as well as for the design of novel and efficient inhibitors of WNV NS3.
Activation of an adrenergic and vagally‐mediated NANC pathway in surgery‐induced fundic relaxation in the rat (1999)

The aim of this study was to pharmacologically characterize and investigate the possible contribution of adrenergic and nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) pathways involved in the relaxation of the rat gastric fundus following abdominal surgery. Using an intragastric balloon, the effect of skin incision (SI), laparotomy (LT) and manipulation of the small intestine followed by caecal resection (M + R) on fundic pressure was evaluated. SI resulted in a brief relaxation of the gastric fundus abolished by guanethidine and blocked by hexamethonium and the combination of phentolamine, propranolol and atropine (PPA). LT induced a longer lasting relaxation which was abolished by guanethidine and hexamethonium. It was blocked by PPA and the combination of ganglionectomy and vagotomy, but unaffected by atropine, vagotomy or ganglionectomy. M + R induced a long-lasting relaxation which was only partly blocked by guanethidine or PPA, illustrating an inhibitory NANC component. Vagotomy combined with guanethidine completely abolished the relaxation following M + R, whereas it was significantly blocked by hexamethonium and the combination of ganglionectomy with vagotomy. These results indicate that SI, LT and M + R induce inhibition of fundic motility via an adrenergic mechanism. During M + R, an additional vagally mediated inhibitory NANC pathway is activated. Finally, we suggest that LT and M + R inhibit the gastric fundus via both a splanchnic and a vagal reflex pathway.
Discovery ofN-(4-Fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)-6-(2-(((2S,5R)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl)-2H-tetrazol-5-yl)-2-methylpyrimidine-4-carboxamide. A Highly Selective and Orally Bioavailable Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 Inhibitor for the Potential Treatment of Osteoarthritis (2015)

Matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) is a zinc-dependent protease responsible for the cleavage of type II collagen, the major structural protein of articular cartilage. Degradation of this cartilage matrix leads to the development of osteoarthritis. We previously have described highly potent and selective carboxylic acid containing MMP-13 inhibitors; however, nephrotoxicity in preclinical toxicology species precluded development. The accumulation of compound in the kidneys mediated by human organic anion transporter 3 (hOAT3) was hypothesized as a contributing factor for the finding. Herein we report our efforts to optimize the MMP-13 potency and pharmacokinetic properties of non-carboxylic acid leads resulting in the identification of compound 43a lacking the previously observed preclinical toxicology at comparable exposures.
Unit commitment literature synopsis (1994)

Several optimization techniques have been applied to the solution of the thermal unit commitment problem. They range from heuristics such as complete enumeration to the more sophisticated ones such as Augmented LaGrangian. The heuristics have even reappeared as expert systems. The problem to solve is the optimal scheduling of generating units over a short-term horizon, typically 168 hours. This paper is an overview of the literature in the unit commitment field over the past twenty five years.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Low power storage exploration for H.263 video decoder (2002)

We describe a power exploration methodology for data-dominated applications using a H.263 video decoding demonstrator application. The starting point for our exploration is a C specification of the video decoder, available in the public domain from Telenor Research. We have transformed the data transfer scheme in the specification and have optimized the distributed memory organization. This results in a memory architecture with significantly reduced power consumption. For the worst-case mode using predicted and bi-directional (PB) frames, memory power consumption is reduced by a factor of 9. To achieve these results, we make use of our formalized high-level memory management methodology, partly supported in our ATOMIUM environment.
Non-damaging laser therapy of the macula: Titration algorithm and tissue response (2014)

Retinal photocoagulation typically results in permanent scarring and scotomata, which limit its applicability to the macula, preclude treatments in the fovea, and restrict the retreatments. Non-damaging approaches to laser therapy have been tested in the past, but the lack of reliable titration and slow treatment paradigms limited their clinical use. We developed and tested a titration algorithm for sub-visible and non-damaging treatments of the retina with pulses sufficiently short to be used with pattern laser scanning. The algorithm based on Arrhenius model of tissue damage optimizes the power and duration for every energy level, relative to the threshold of lesion visibility established during titration (and defined as 100%). Experiments with pigmented rabbits established that lesions in the 50-75% energy range were invisible ophthalmoscopically, but detectable with Fluorescein Angiography and OCT, while at 30% energy there was only very minor damage to the RPE, which recovered within a few days. Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) and Central Serous Retinopathy (CSR) have been treated over the edematous areas at 30% energy, using 200&mu;m spots with 0.25 diameter spacing. No signs of laser damage have been detected with any imaging modality. In CSR patients, subretinal fluid resolved within 45 days. In DME patients the edema decreased by approximately 150&mu;m over 60 days. After 3-4 months some patients presented with recurrence of edema, and they responded well to retreatment with the same parameters, without any clinically visible damage. This pilot data indicates a possibility of effective and repeatable macular laser therapy below the tissue damage threshold.
1Coordinated Rescheduling of Bag-of-Tasks for Executions on Multiple Resource Providers (2012)

Abstract—Metaschedulers can distribute parts of a Bag-of-Tasks (BoT) application among various resource providers in order to speed up its execution. The expected completion time of the user application is then calculated based on the run time estimates of all applications running and waiting for resources. However, due to inaccurate run time estimates, initial schedules are not those that provide users with the earliest completion time. These estimates increase the time distance between the first and last tasks of a BoT application, which increases average user response time, especially in multi-provider environments. This paper proposes a coordinated rescheduling algorithm to handle inaccurate run time estimates when executing BoT applications in multi-provider environments. The coordinated rescheduling defines which tasks can have start time updated based on the expected completion time of the entire BoT application. We have also evaluated the impact of system-generated run time estimates to schedule BoT applications on multiple providers. We performed experiments using simulations and a real distributed platform, Grid’5000. From our experiments, we obtained reductions of up to 5 % and 10 % for response time and slowdown metrics respectively by using coordinated rescheduling over a traditional rescheduling solution. Moreover, coordinated rescheduling requires little modification of existing scheduling systems. System-generated predictions, on the other hand, are more complex to be deployed and may not reduce response times as much as when using coordinated rescheduling.
Terahertz Wireless Channels: A Holistic Survey on Measurement, Modeling, and Analysis (2021)

Terahertz (0.1-10 THz) communications are envisioned as a key technology for sixth generation (6G) wireless systems. The study of underlying THz wireless propagation channels provides the foundations for the development of reliable THz communication systems and their applications. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the study of THz wireless channels. First, the three most popular THz channel measurement methodologies, namely, frequency-domain channel measurement based on a vector network analyzer (VNA), time-domain channel measurement based on sliding correlation, and time-domain channel measurement based on THz pulses from time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), are introduced and compared. Current channel measurement systems and measurement campaigns are reviewed. Then, existing channel modeling methodologies are categorized into deterministic, stochastic, and hybrid approaches. State-of-the-art THz channel models are analyzed, and the channel simulators that are based on them are introduced. Next, an in-depth review of channel characteristics in the THz band is presented. Finally, open problems and future research directions for research studies on THz wireless channels for 6G are elaborated.