gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Morphology and micromechanical behaviour of styrene/butadiene block copolymers and their blends with polystyrene (2003)

Abstract The correlation between the morphology and the deformation mechanism in styrene/butadiene block copolymers having modified architecture and in blends with homopolymer polystyrene (hPS) was studied. It was demonstrated that the morphology formation in the block copolymers is highly coupled with their molecular architecture. In particular, the micromechanical behaviour of a star block copolymer and its blends with polystyrene was investigated by using electron microscopy and tensile testing. A homogeneous plastic flow of polystyrene lamellae ( thin layer yielding ) was observed if the lamella thickness was in the range of 20 nm. The deformation micromechanism switched to the formation of craze‐like deformation zones when the average PS lamella thickness changed to about 30 nm and more.
Density-functional energies and forces with Gaussian-broadened fractional occupations (1994)

It is demonstrated that the Gaussian-broadening scheme for the explicit inclusion of fractional occupation numbers in density-functional calculations of crystals, as originally given by Fu and Ho [Phys. Rev. B 28, 5480 (1983)], contains an additional term to the total energy which makes the energy functional variational and exactly cancels a correction to the density-functional forces originating from changes in the occupation numbers.
Amplifier placements optimization for enhanced energy efficiency in optical transport networks (2014)

We propose an optimization on the amplifier placement to enhance the energy efficiency of the future optical transport networks based on WDM with mixed line rate transmissions. Simulation results show significant energy efficiency per GHz improvements of up to 74% thanks to the deployment of additional amplifiers, allowing for the utilization of more energy and spectral efficient modulation formats.
Functional Protein Microarrays by Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing (2012)

This paper reports the use of advanced forms of electrohydrodynamic jet (e-jet) printing for creating micro- and nanoscale patterns of proteins on various surfaces ranging from flat silica substrates to structured plasmonic crystals, suitable for micro/nanoarray analysis and other applications in both fluorescent and plasmonic detection modes. The approaches function well with diverse classes of proteins, including streptavidin, IgG, fibrinogen, and γ-globulin. Detailed study reveals that the printing process does not adversely alter the protein structure or function, as demonstrated in the specific case of streptavidin through measurements of its binding specificity to biotin-modified DNA. Multinozzle printing systems enable several types of proteins (up to four currently) to be patterned on a single substrate, in rapid fashion and with excellent control over spatial dimensions and registration. High-speed, pulsed operational modes allow large-area printing, with narrow statistical distributions of drop size and spacing in patterns that include millions of droplets. The process is also compatible with the structured surfaces of plasmonic crystal substrates to enable detection without fluorescence. These collective characteristics suggest potential utility of e-jet techniques in wide-ranging areas of biotechnology, where its compatibility with various biomaterials and substrates with different topographies and surface chemistries, and ability to form deposits that range from thick films to submonolayer coatings, derive from the remote, noncontacting physical material transfer mode of operation.
Results of a preclinical randomized controlled multicenter trial (pRCT): Anti-CD49d treatment for acute brain ischemia (2015)

Numerous treatments have been reported to provide a beneficial outcome in experimental animal stroke models; however, these treatments (with the exception of tissue plasminogen activator) have failed in clinical trials. To improve the translation of treatment efficacy from bench to bedside, we have performed a preclinical randomized controlled multicenter trial (pRCT) to test a potential stroke therapy under circumstances closer to the design and rigor of a clinical randomized control trial. Anti-CD49d antibodies, which inhibit the migration of leukocytes into the brain, were previously investigated in experimental stroke models by individual laboratories. Despite the conflicting results from four positive and one inconclusive preclinical studies, a clinical trial was initiated. To confirm the preclinical results and to test the feasibility of conducting a pRCT, six independent European research centers investigated the efficacy of anti-CD49d antibodies in two distinct mouse models of stroke in a centrally coordinated, randomized, and blinded approach. The results pooled from all research centers revealed that treatment with CD49d-specific antibodies significantly reduced both leukocyte invasion and infarct volume after the permanent distal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, which causes a small cortical infarction. In contrast, anti-CD49d treatment did not reduce lesion size or affect leukocyte invasion after transient proximal occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, which induces large lesions. These results suggest that the benefits of immune-targeted approaches may depend on infarct severity and localization. This study supports the feasibility of performing pRCTs.
TRACE: Transform Aggregate and Compose Visiolinguistic Representations for Image Search with Text Feedback (2020)

The ability to efficiently search for images over an indexed database is the cornerstone for several user experiences. Incorporating user feedback, through multi-modal inputs provide flexible and interaction to serve fine-grained specificity in requirements. We specifically focus on text feedback, through descriptive natural language queries. Given a reference image and textual user feedback, our goal is to retrieve images that satisfy constraints specified by both of these input modalities. The task is challenging as it requires understanding the textual semantics from the text feedback and then applying these changes to the visual representation. To address these challenges, we propose a novel architecture TRACE which contains a hierarchical feature aggregation module to learn the composite visio-linguistic representations. TRACE achieves the SOTA performance on 3 benchmark datasets: FashionIQ, Shoes, and Birds-to-Words, with an average improvement of at least ~5.7%, ~3%, and ~5% respectively in R@K metric. Our extensive experiments and ablation studies show that TRACE consistently outperforms the existing techniques by significant margins both quantitatively and qualitatively.
Smoking, Metalloproteinases, and Vascular Disease (2005)

Smoking causes up to 11% of total global cardiovascular deaths. Smoking has numerous effects that may promote atherosclerosis through vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, but the pathogenesis of smoking-related cardiovascular disease remains incompletely understood. The matrix metalloproteinases, a family of endopeptidases that can degrade extracellular matrix components in both physiological and pathophysiological states, play an important role in smoking-associated chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the second leading cause of smoking attributable mortality. Emerging evidence indicates that the matrix metalloproteinases may also contribute to smoking-related vascular disease. Here we discuss the potential relationship between smoking, matrix metalloproteinases, and acceleration of vascular disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Cation Complexing Properties of Some Macropolycyclic Ligands. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Sub-quarter-micrometer CMOS on ultrathin (400 AA) SOI (1992)

MOS transistors with effective channel lengths down to 0.2 mu m have been fabricated in fully depleted, ultrathin (400 AA) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) films. These devices do not exhibit punchthrough, even for the smallest channel lengths, and have performance characteristics comparable to deep-submicrometer bulk transistors. The NMOS devices have a p/sup +/-polysilicon gate, and the PMOS devices have an n/sup +/-polysilicon gate, giving threshold voltages close to 1 V with very light channel doping. Because the series resistance associated with the source and drain regions can be very high in such thin SOI films, a titanium salicide process was used using a 0.25 mu m oxide spacer. With this process, the sheet resistance of the silicided SOI layer is approximately 5 Omega / Square Operator . However, the devices still exhibit significant series resistance, which is likely due to contact resistance between the silicide and silicon source/drain regions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Poly(aryl ether) Synthesis (1996)

Poly(aryl ethers) are an important class of commercial polymers and are a member of the family of materials referred to as engineering thermoplastics (1). Commercial examples include Amoco's poly(aryl ether sulfone) (Udel), ICI's poly(ether ether ketone) (PEEK), and General Electric's Ultem poly(ether imide). They display an attractive balance of properties such as relatively low cost, good processability, excellent chemical resistance, high thermal stability and good mechanical properties. Since the initial report of their synthesis by nucleophilic aromatic displacement polymerization of activated aryl dihalo compounds with bisphenolates (2), significant effort has been devoted towards these polymer systems (3). It is the purpose of this article to review many of the latest developments in the field of poly(aryl ether) synthesis, including mechanistic results, new activating groups and polymer structures, and alternative synthetic routes. The most commonly used synthetic route to poly(aryl ether)s involves generation of an ether linkage by nucleophilic aromatic substitution
Dispersion-compensating fiber with W-shaped index profile (1995)

Long-distance and high-capacity transmission systems having a 1550-nm operating wavelength have been actively studied for use with the existing 1300-nm zero-dispersion single-mode-fiber network. In such an application, some method is required for compensating for dispersion in the fiber network. Currently, the method considered to be the most practical is to insert a fiber with a high negative dispersion into the fiber transmission line.1–3 Yet, in order to incorporate dispersion-compensating fiber (DCF) into the transmission line, it is important to first miniaturize the fiber package. For this, we must make the negative dispersion value as large as possible and the installed length of the DCF as short as possible. To obtain a compact DCF package for use in practical applications, we have fabricated and evaluated a DCF with a W-shaped index profile that can be expected to have a high negative dispersion. Figure 1 shows the refractive index profiles of the two DCFs examined in this study.
Probabilistic landmark based localization of rail vehicles in topological maps (2010)

Localization of rail vehicles is fundamental for any autonomous systems to perform tasks in logistics or personal transport. This contribution presents a novel onboard localization system, based on an eddy current sensor system (ECS), that is capable of a precise train localization when combined with a simple topological map. In contrary to commonly applied travel distance determination by integrating the estimated velocity, we propose an event triggered counting approach, which makes use of the unique sensor capabilities. Rail switches are chosen as landmarks for a global map association and as reliable start and end points for the counting procedure. They are extracted via a Bayesian filter approach, in particular hidden Markov models are applied for detection and classification. Additional features are modeled in a subsequent step and merged within a topological map employing a naïve Bayesian approach in the spatial domain. This allows for a flexible sensor integration and an easy determination of the most probable vehicle position based on traveled distanced.
Exit pupil quality analysis and optimization in freeform afocal telescope systems (2023)

Afocal telescopes are often used as foreoptics to existing imaging systems to allow for application flexibility. To properly combine an afocal telescope with an existing imaging system, the exit pupil of the afocal telescope and the entrance pupil of the imaging system must be coincident. Additionally, the exit pupil of the afocal telescope must be well-formed; that is, it must be the correct size and shape to mitigate pupil-matching challenges. This work introduces processes for designing freeform afocal telescopes with an emphasis on understanding how to analyze and control the exit pupil quality of such systems. The included 3-mirror design examples demonstrate the advantages of using freeform surfaces in afocal systems and quantify the tradeoffs required to improve the exit pupil quality.
Selecting optimum log measurements for hydraulic fracturing (2016)

We have developed a statistical method for investigating the importance of different log measurements for picking the best zones for hydraulic fracturing. We have determined the method’s applicability using data from unconventional reservoirs (Eagle Ford, Haynesville, Barnett, and a reservoir from the Middle East). The analysis began with single log measurements (e.g., gamma ray [GR], compressional and shear sonic [DTC and DTS], and spectral gamma ray [SGR], which could measure the radioactivity of uranium [U], potassium [K], and thorium [Th]). Other types of measurements, including density (RhoB), neutron porosity (NPHI), and resistivity, were added to obtain more complex logging suites. These log measurements were the inputs for this analysis. Each input combination was referred to as a “scenario.” Parameters such as effective porosity (PhiE), brittleness, total organic carbon (TOC), production index (PI), and fracture index (FI) were referred to as the outputs for the analysis. We have investigated linear and nonlinear combinations of the inputs to predict the outputs. Various scenarios, beginning with the simplest cases and ending with the most complete combination, were tested. The selection of log combinations was either based on the importance of individual logs or on industry-standard combinations (such as triple and quad combos). For each scenario, we computed correlation coefficients and root-mean-square errors of predicting the output parameters. The prediction accuracies generally increased as a result of increasing the number of input logs. Our analysis clearly found the importance of using SGR (for PI and FI prediction) and resistivity (for TOC prediction) logs. Based on comparison of the reconstruction results, actual values, and correlation coefficients/errors, we ranked the log combinations for predicting/modeling a specific parameter. The most challenging properties to model included TOC, PhiE, PI, and FI; the easiest properties to predict were brittleness and Young’s modulus.
Perovskite oxide engineering by molecular beam epitaxy for integrated thermoelectricity (2017)

International audience
Part II: A Novel Scheme to Optimize the Mixed-Signal Performance and Hot-carrier Reliability of Drain-Extended MOS Devices (2009)

The impact of scaling the depth of the shallow trench isolation (STI) region, underneath the gate-to-drain overlap, on the STI drain-extended metal-oxide-semiconductor (DeMOS) mixed-signal performance and hot-carrier behavior is systematically investigated in this work. For the first time, we discuss a dual-STI process for input/output applications. Furthermore, the differences in the hot-carrier behavior of various drain-extended devices are studied under the on- and off-states. We found that the non-STI DeMOS devices are quite prone to failure when compared with the STI DeMOS devices in both the on- and off- states. We introduced a more accurate way of predicting hot-carrier degradation in these types of devices in the on-state. We show that scaling the depth of the STI underneath the gate is the key for improving both the mixed-signal and hot-carrier reliability performances of these devices.
Synthesis of Marine Polycyclic Polyethers via Endo-Selective Epoxide-Opening Cascades (2010)

The proposed biosynthetic pathways to ladder polyethers of polyketide origin and oxasqualenoids of terpenoid origin share a dramatic epoxide-opening cascade as a key step. Polycyclic structures generated in these biosynthetic pathways display biological effects ranging from potentially therapeutic properties to extreme lethality. Much of the structural complexity of ladder polyether and oxasqualenoid natural products can be traced to these hypothesized cascades. In this review we summarize how such epoxide-opening cascade reactions have been used in the synthesis of ladder polyethers and oxasqualenoid natural products.
Supplementary Table 5 from Somatic <i>ERCC2</i> Mutations Correlate with Cisplatin Sensitivity in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Damaging scores for alterations. This table shows the damaging scores (Methods) for nonsynonymous alterations (missense, nonsense, splice site, frame shift) studied in this cohort. The damaging score was derived as follows: missense mutations were scored using the Polyphen2 score(41) for the amino acid substitution. Nonsense mutations, splice site mutations, and short insertion/deletions were automatically assigned a damaging score of 1. "Unavailable" damaging scores are those that are missense mutations without a PolyPhen2 score.&lt;/p&gt;
Improving Li2O2 conductivity via polaron preemption: An ab initio study of Si doping (2013)

We report on ab initio electronic structure simulations of Li2O2, where 1.6% of lithium atoms are substituted by silicon. It is demonstrated that this leads to the formation of conducting impurity states in the band gap of Li2O2. We show that these states originate from the antibonding orbitals of the oxygen pairs and are remarkably stable against possible polaron formation (upon electron injection). Through this polaron preemption mechanism, the proposed compound is expected to show significantly higher electronic mobility than stoichiometric Li2O2, which could have significant applications in lithium-air batteries.
Bacterial partitioning proteins affect the subcellular location of broad-host-range plasmid RK2 (2008)

It has been demonstrated that plasmids are not randomly distributed but are located symmetrically in mid-cell, or (1/4), (3/4) positions in bacterial cells. In this work we compared the localization of broad-host-range plasmid RK2 mini-replicons, which lack an active partitioning system, in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida cells. In E. coli the location of the plasmid mini-replicon cluster was at the cell poles. In contrast, in Pseudomonas cells, as a result of the interaction of chromosomally encoded ParB protein with RK2 centromere-like sequences, these mini-derivatives were localized in the proximity of mid-cell, or (1/4), (3/4) positions. The expression of the Pseudomonas parAB genes in E. coli resulted in a positional change in the RK2 mini-derivative to the mid-cell or (1/4), (3/4) positions. Moreover, in a P. putida parAB mutant, both RK2 mini-derivatives and the entire RK2 plasmid exhibited disturbances of subcellular localization. These observations raise the possibility that in certain bacteria chromosomally encoded partitioning machinery could affect subcellular plasmid positioning.
A Miniaturized, Programmable Pacemaker for Long-Term Studies in the Mouse (2018)

Long-term pacing with a fully implantable, programmable, and battery-powered device enables previously impossible investigations of arrhythmia and heart failure in the mouse.
Depth-first search approach for fault-tolerant routing in hypercube multicomputers (1990)

Using depth-first search, the authors develop and analyze the performance of a routing scheme for hypercube multicomputers in the presence of an arbitrary number of faulty components. They derive an exact expression for the probability of routing messages by way of optimal paths (of length equal to the Hamming distance between the corresponding pair of nodes) from the source node to an obstructed node. The obstructed node is defined as the first node encountered by the message that finds no optimal path to the destination node. It is noted that the probability of routing messages over an optimal path between any two nodes is a special case of the present results and can be obtained by replacing the obstructed node with the destination node. Numerical examples are given to illustrate the results, and they show that, in the presence of component failures, depth-first search routing can route a message to its destination by means of an optimal path with a very high probability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Starch digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy of western Canadian wheat market classes in broiler chickens (2018)

Wheat is the primary grain fed to poultry in western Canada, but its nutritional quality, including the nature of its starch digestibility, may be affected by wheat market class. The objectives of this study were to determine the rate and extent of starch digestibility of wheat market classes in broiler chickens, and to determine the relationship between starch digestibility and wheat apparent metabolizable energy (AME). In vitro starch digestion was assessed using gastric and small intestinal phases mimicking the chicken digestive tract, while in vivo evaluation used 468 male broiler chickens randomly assigned to dietary treatments from 0 to 21 d of age. The study evaluated 2 wheat cultivars from each of 6 western Canadian wheat classes: Canadian Prairie Spring (CPS), Canadian Western Amber Durum (CWAD), CW General Purpose (CWGP), CW Hard White Spring (CWHWS), CW Red Spring (CWRS), and CW Soft White Spring (CWSWS). All samples were analyzed for relevant grain characteristics. Data were analyzed as a randomized complete block design and cultivars were nested within market class. Pearson correlation was used to determine relationships between measured characteristics. Significance level was P ≤ 0.05. The starch digestibility range and wheat class rankings were: proximal jejunum - 23.7 to 50.6% (CWHWSc, CPSbc, CWSWSbc, CWRSab, CWGPa, CWADa); distal jejunum - 63.5 to 76.4% (CWHWSc, CPSbc, CWSWSbc, CWRSab, CWGPa, CWADa); proximal ileum - 88.7 to 96.9% (CWSWSc, CPSbc, CWHWSbc, CWRSb, CWGPb, CWADa); distal ileum - 94.4 to 98.5% (CWSWSb, CWHWSb, CPSb, CWRSab, CWGPab, CWADa); excreta - 98.4 to 99.3% (CPSb, CWRSb, CWHWSb, CWSWSab, CWGPab, CWADa). Wheat class affected wheat AMEn with levels ranging from 3,203 to 3,411 kcal/kg at 90% DM (CWRSc, CWSWSc, CPSb, CWGPb, CWADa, CWHWSa). Significant and moderately strong positive correlations were observed between in vitro and in vivo starch digestibility, but no correlations were found between AME and starch digestibility. In conclusion, rate and extent of starch digestibility and AME were affected by western Canadian wheat class, but starch digestibility did not predict AME.