gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reinforced Temporal Attention and Split-Rate Transfer for Depth-Based Person Re-Identification (2017)

We address the problem of person re-identification from commodity depth sensors. One challenge for depth-based recognition is data scarcity. Our first contribution addresses this problem by introducing split-rate RGB-to-Depth transfer, which leverages large RGB datasets more effectively than popular fine-tuning approaches. Our transfer scheme is based on the observation that the model parameters at the bottom layers of a deep convolutional neural network can be directly shared between RGB and depth data while the remaining layers need to be fine-tuned rapidly. Our second contribution enhances re-identification for video by implementing temporal attention as a Bernoulli-Sigmoid unit acting upon frame-level features. Since this unit is stochastic, the temporal attention parameters are trained using reinforcement learning. Extensive experiments validate the accuracy of our method in person re-identification from depth sequences. Finally, in a scenario where subjects wear unseen clothes, we show large performance gains compared to a state-of-the-art model which relies on RGB data.
Terahertz Emission: Terahertz Emission from Hybrid Perovskites Driven by Ultrafast Charge Separation and Strong Electron–Phonon Coupling (Adv. Mater. 11/2018) (2018)

Terahertz radiation is emitted from hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites following light absorption. This enables an ultrafast probing of the charge-separation dynamics and carrier–lattice coupling, even under illumination conditions equivalent to 1 sun, as described by Burak Guzelturk, Aaron M. Lindenberg, and co-workers in article number 1704737. Initial charge separation is shown to be diffusive in nature and not driven by surface fields or ferroelectricity. Strong carrier–lattice coupling is evidenced via coherently driven terahertz-frequency lattice oscillations.
Direct Quantitation of Phytocannabinoids by One-Dimensional 1H qNMR and Two-Dimensional 1H-1H COSY qNMR in Complex Natural Mixtures (2022)

The widespread use of phytocannabinoids or cannabis extracts as ingredients in numerous types of products, in combination with the legal restrictions on THC content, has created a need for the development of new, rapid, and universal analytical methods for their quantitation that ideally could be applied without separation and standards. Based on previously described qNMR studies, we developed an expanded <sup>1</sup>H qNMR method and a novel 2D-COSY qNMR method for the rapid quantitation of ten major phytocannabinoids in cannabis plant extracts and cannabis-based products. The <sup>1</sup>H qNMR method was successfully developed for the quantitation of cannabidiol (CBD), cannabidiolic acid (CBDA), cannabinol (CBN), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabichromenic acid (CBCA), cannabigerol (CBG), cannabigerolic acid (CBGA), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA), Δ8-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ8-THC), cannabielsoin (CBE), and cannabidivarin (CBDV). Moreover, cannabidivarinic acid (CBDVA) and Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarinic acid (Δ9-THCVA) can be distinguished from CBDA and Δ9-THCA respectively, while cannabigerovarin (CBGV) and Δ8-tetrahydrocannabivarin (Δ8-THCV) present the same <sup>1</sup>H-spectra as CBG and Δ8-THC, respectively. The COSY qNMR method was applied for the quantitation of CBD, CBDA, CBN, CBG/CBGA, and THC/THCA. The two methods were applied for the analysis of hemp plants; cannabis extracts; edible cannabis medium-chain triglycerides (MCT); and hemp seed oils and cosmetic products with cannabinoids. The <sup>1</sup>H-NMR method does not require the use of reference compounds, and it requires only a short time for analysis. However, complex extracts in <sup>1</sup>H-NMR may have a lot of signals, and quantitation with this method is often hampered by peak overlap, with 2D NMR providing a solution to this obstacle. The most important advantage of the COSY NMR quantitation method was the determination of the legality of cannabis plants, extracts, and edible oils based on their THC/THCA content, particularly in the cases of some samples for which the determination of THC/THCA content by <sup>1</sup>H qNMR was not feasible.
Plate-transfer of <sup>3</sup>H-D3 in TLC matrices. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;A control experiment was performed by placing a new TLC plate to a freshly developed plate to transfer only the &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H-D3 within matrices. On the mirror image of the transferred plate, the &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H signals at the start points as well as the smears were obviously reduced, while the intensity of separated &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H-D3 did only change slightly. This result suggests that the observed artefacts arise from unspecific &lt;sup&gt;3&lt;/sup&gt;H-D3 binding to the glass surface.&lt;/p&gt;
Microphysiological Engineering of Self-Assembled and Perfusable Microvascular Beds for the Production of Vascularized Three-Dimensional Human Microtissues (2019)

The vasculature is an essential component of the circulatory system that plays a vital role in the development, homeostasis, and disease of various organs in the human body. The ability to emulate the architecture and transport function of blood vessels in the integrated context of their associated organs represents an important requirement for studying a wide range of physiological processes. Traditional <i>in vitro</i> models of the vasculature, however, largely fail to offer such capabilities. Here we combine microfluidic three-dimensional (3D) cell culture with the principle of vasculogenic self-assembly to engineer perfusable 3D microvascular beds <i>in vitro</i>. Our system is created in a micropatterned hydrogel construct housed in an elastomeric microdevice that enables coculture of primary human vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts to achieve <i>de novo</i> formation, anastomosis, and controlled perfusion of 3D vascular networks. An open-top chamber design adopted in this hybrid platform also makes it possible to integrate the microengineered 3D vasculature with other cell types to recapitulate organ-specific cellular heterogeneity and structural organization of vascularized human tissues. Using these capabilities, we developed stem cell-derived microphysiological models of vascularized human adipose tissue and the blood-retinal barrier. Our approach was also leveraged to construct a 3D organotypic model of vascularized human lung adenocarcinoma as a high-content drug screening platform to simulate intravascular delivery, tumor-killing effects, and vascular toxicity of a clinical chemotherapeutic agent. Furthermore, we demonstrated the potential of our platform for applications in nanomedicine by creating microengineered models of vascular inflammation to evaluate a nanoengineered drug delivery system based on active targeting liposomal nanocarriers. These results represent a significant improvement in our ability to model the complexity of native human tissues and may provide a basis for developing predictive preclinical models for biopharmaceutical applications.
Multilamellar Emulsion of Stratum Corneum Lipid. Formation Mechanism and its Skin Care Effects. (1993)

The formation mechanism of multilamellar emulsions of artificial stratum corneum lipids containing synthetic pseudo-ceramide and their physiological effects on dry and scaly skin, lacking the function of stratum corneum lipids, have been investigated. A pseudo-ceramide being the analogous molecular structure to the natural occurring ceramide was synthesized according to the molecular design. The highly selective reaction of the synthesis enabled the industrial production of this synthetic ceramide. Then the artificial stratum corneum lipids, possessing self-organizing lamellar structure, were prepared by using the synthetic pseudo-ceramide in combination with amphiphilic molecules. It was confirmed that these amphiphilic molecules stabilized the lamellar association structure by intermolecular interactions thus enhancing the bound water content. Using these artificial stratum corneum lipids as the oil phase, we obtained multilamellar emulsion in which each emulsion droplet possesses a concentric lamellar structure. The multilamellar emulsion recovered the water-retaining ability of stratum corneum, which was not recovered solely by the treatment of an ordinary emulsion, and improved the scaling to restore the fine texture of the skin. It is concluded that we could succeed in developing a highly functional skin protection cosmetic, a multilamellar emulsion, which recovers water-retaining ability and adhesion of corneocytes in the identical mechanism with intercellular stratum corneum lipids.
Elasticity Spectra as a Tool to Investigate Actin Cortex Mechanics (2020)

Abstract Background The mechanical properties of single living cells have proven to be a powerful marker of the cell physiological state. The use of nanoindentation-based single cell force spectroscopy provided a wealth of information on the elasticity of cells, which is still largely to be exploited. The simplest model to describe cell mechanics is to treat them as a homogeneous elastic material and describe it in terms of the Young's modulus. Beside its simplicity, this approach proved to be extremely informative, allowing to assess the potential of this physical indicator towards high throughput phenotyping in diagnostic and prognostic applications. Results Here we propose an extension of this analysis to explicitly account for the properties of the actin cortex. We present a method, the Elasticity Spectra, to calculate the apparent stiffness of the cell as a function of the indentation depth and we suggest a simple phenomenological approach to measure the thickness and stiffness of the actin cortex, in addition to the standard Young's modulus. Conclusions The Elasticity Spectra approach is tested and validated on a set of cells treated with cytoskeleton-affecting drugs, showing the potential to extend the current representation of cell mechanics, without introducing a detailed and complex description of the intracellular structure.
Antibiotics from basidiomycetes. XVII The effect of marasmic acid on nucleic acid metabolism. (1983)

From submerged cultures of Lachnella villosa, Lachnella sp. 541, and Peniophora laeta we isolated marasmic acid (1), a metabolite first described from surface cultures of Marasmius conigenus. The sesquiterpenoid exhibits potent antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties. In cells of the ascitic form of Ehrlich carcinoma RNA and DNA syntheses are preferentially inhibited. Marasmic acid inhibits RNA synthesis in isolated nuclei, but does not interfere with the transport of nucleoside precursors into the cells. RNA polymerase II and capping enzyme (mRNA guanylyltransferase), two enzymes of nucleic acid metabolism, are markedly affected after preincubation with marasmic acid. We assume that marasmic acid acts on nucleic acid syntheses by direct inhibition of some of the enzymes involved. This mode of action would also explain its mutagenic properties. The preparation and testing of two derivatives, 2 and 3, revealed that the alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde is essential for the antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of marasmic acid.
Charge state separation for protein applications using a quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer (2003)

A novel method for separating ions according to their charge state using a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer is presented. The benefits of charge state separation are particularly apparent in protein identification applications at low femtomole concentration levels, where in conventional TOF MS spectra peptide ions are often lost in a sea of chemical noise. When doubly and triply charged tryptic peptide ions need to be filtered from singly charged background ions, the latter are suppressed by two to three orders of magnitude, while from 10-50% of multiply charged ions remain. The suppression of chemical noise reduces the need for chromatography and can make this experimental approach the electrospray equivalent of conventional MALDI peptide maps. If unambiguous identification cannot be achieved, MS/MS experiments are performed on the precursor ions identified through charge separation, while the previously described Q2-trapping duty cycle enhancement is tuned for approximately 1.4 of the precursor m/z to enhance intensities of ions with m/z values above that of the precursor. The resulting product ion spectra contain few fragments of impurities and provide quick and unambiguous identification through database search. The multiple charge separation technique requires minimal tuning and may become a useful tool for analysis of complex mixtures.
Optimum access waveguide width for 1×N multimode interference couplers on silicon nanomembrane (2010)

We derived an analytical formula for the optimum width of the access waveguides of 1 x N multimode interference (MMI) couplers. Eigenmode-decomposition-based simulations show that the optimum width relation corresponds to the points of diminishing returns in both insertion loss and output uniformity versus access waveguide width. We fabricate and characterize 1 x 12 MMI couplers on a nanomembrane of silicon-on-insulator substrate. The experimental investigations demonstrate that the analytical results can be reliably used as a design rule for MMI couplers with large number of outputs.
The effect of sensor/actuator asymmetries in haptic interfaces (2003)

Haptic interfaces enable us to interact with virtual objects by sensing our actions and communicating them to a virtual environment. A haptic interface with force feedback capability will provide sensory information back to the user thus communicating the consequences of his/her actions. The quality and complexity of these interactions is dependent on how the interface is designed. When designing a haptic interface, one must choose how many sensors and how many actuators will be used. In particular we are now seeing interfaces which have more sensors than actuators. This "asymmetry" in sensor/actuator utilization provides for a higher dimensionality of action than sensory feedback. It is a tempting avenue for devices design due to the low cost of introducing more sensors. Yet, while this can enable more rich exploratory interactions, the lack for equal dimensionality in force feedback can lead to interactions which are energetically non-conservative. in this paper we provide a preliminary view of the properties of such "asymmetric" sensor/actuator designs. We address the design and rendering tradeoffs of these systems and introduce a framework for device analysis.
A high rate gas mixture for glass RPC operated in streamer mode (2005)

In Belle, glass RPCs have operated in streamer mode with the Belle standard gas mixture. However, efficiencies of RPCs for the outermost few layers of the endcap region decrease from /spl sim/95% to /spl sim/50% due to hit-rate of 1.4 Hz/cm/sup 2/ from neutron background originated from KEKB with higher beam current operation. To operate efficiently glass RPCs at this high background rate, high rate gas mixtures using SF/sub 6/ have been tested. We report the performance of glass RPC.
Energiedosimeter für Photonenstrahlung auf Schwingquarzbasis / Quartz crystal dosimeter for photon radiation (1992)

Article Energiedosimeter für Photonenstrahlung auf Schwingquarzbasis / Quartz crystal dosimeter for photon radiation was published on February 1, 1992 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 59, issue 2).
SHERLock: Self-Supervised Hierarchical Event Representation Learning (2020)

Temporal event representations are an essential aspect of learning among humans. They allow for succinct encoding of the experiences we have through a variety of sensory inputs. Also, they are believed to be arranged hierarchically, allowing for an efficient representation of complex long-horizon experiences. Additionally, these representations are acquired in a self-supervised manner. Analogously, here we propose a model that learns temporal representations from long-horizon visual demonstration data and associated textual descriptions, without explicit temporal supervision. Our method produces a hierarchy of representations that align more closely with ground-truth human-annotated events (+15.3) than state-of-the-art unsupervised baselines. Our results are comparable to heavily-supervised baselines in complex visual domains such as Chess Openings, YouCook2 and TutorialVQA datasets. Finally, we perform ablation studies illustrating the robustness of our approach. We release our code and demo visualizations in the Supplementary Material.
Overview of the Smart Network Element Architecture and Recent Innovations (2008)

In industrial environments, system operators rely on the availability and accuracy of sensors to monitor processes and detect failures of components and/or processes. The sensors must be networked in such a way that their data is reported to a central human interface, where operators are tasked with making real-time decisions based on the state of the sensors and the components that are being monitored. Incorporating health management functions at this central location aids the operator by automating the decision-making process to suggest, and sometimes perform, the action required by current operating conditions. Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) aims to incorporate data from many sources, including real-time and historical data and user input, and extract information and knowledge from that data to diagnose failures and predict future failures of the system. By distributing health management processing to lower levels of the architecture, there is less bandwidth required for ISHM, enhanced data fusion, make systems and processes more robust, and improved resolution for the detection and isolation of failures in a system, subsystem, component, or process. The Smart Network Element (SNE) has been developed at NASA Kennedy Space Center to perform intelligent functions at sensors and actuators' level in support of ISHM.
Volumetric meta-optics for augmented image sensors (2021)

Three-dimensional elements, with refractive index distribution structured at subwavelength scale, provide an expansive optical design space that can be harnessed for demonstrating multifunctional free-space optical devices. We present three dimensional dielectric elements, designed to be placed on top of the pixels of image sensors that provide different functionalities like sorting and focusing of light based on its color and polarization with efficiency significantly surpassing two dimensional absorptive and diffractive filters, and ultra-compact polarimetry. The devices are designed via iterative gradient-based optimization to account for multiple target functions while ensuring compatibility with existing nanofabrication processes, and they are experimentally validated using a scaled device that operates at microwave frequencies. This approach combines arbitrary functions into a single compact element, even where there is no known equivalent in bulk optics, enabling novel integrate
The Effect of Surface Tension on Rectified Diffusion Thresholds (1974)

Measurements have been made as a function of surface tension of the threshold for growth by rectified diffusion for air bubbles in a stationary sound field. The measurements were made in distilled water with varying amounts of surfactant added to reduce the surface tension. The air bubbles were trapped by the sound field and their radii monitored as the acoustic pressure amplitude was slowly increased. The radii of the bubbles were obtained by measuring terminal-velocity rise times and using a modified form of Stokes' law. Comparisons of theory and experiment show good agreement with the theoretical predictions of Eller [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 52, 1447–1449 (1972)]. Comparisons will also be made with the variation with surface tension of the thresholds for vaporous and gaseous cavitation.
Hyperfine Structure of Excited States and Quadrupole Moment ofNe21Using Laser-Induced Line-Narrowing Techniques (1972)

Optical hyperfine structure in ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{21}$ has been observed using laser-induced line-narrowing techniques. The output from a long stabilized single-mode 1.15-\ensuremath{\mu} He-Ne laser is focused into an external sample cell containing ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{21}$. The laser field resonates with the ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{21}$ 1.15-\ensuremath{\mu} transition causing changes in the level populations over a narrow velocity range. Viewed along the laser axis, these population changes appear as narrow "change signals" superposed on the Doppler background of the spontaneous emission of the coupled 6096-\AA{} transition. Analysis of the spectrum of these change signals, emitted parallel and antiparallel to the laser-field propagation direction, gives values for the hyperfine $A$ constants for the three levels involved. These constants are analyzed by means of theoretical expressions wherein $〈\frac{1}{{r}^{3}}〉$ of the $2p$ hole is the single important parameter. Combining the resulting value of ${〈\frac{1}{{r}^{3}}〉}_{2p\mathrm{hole}}$ for the $1{s}_{4}$ level with a previous measurement of $B(1{s}_{5})$ gives a value of $Q(1s)=(0.093\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.002)$ b, in agreement with an earlier less-accurate value. In addition, the ${\mathrm{Ne}}^{20,21,22}$ isotope shifts are measured at 1.15 \ensuremath{\mu} and 6096 \AA{}.
Congestion management in access networks with long propagation delay (2003)

Satellite networks are going to play an important role in the global information infrastructure. Satellites can be used to provide Internet services to fixed users and to mobile users. However, recent measurements show that the satellite link efficiency is only about 30%. In order to improve the performance of Internet over satellite, a new protocol called Receiver Window Backpressure Protocol (RWBP) is proposed. RWBP uses per-flow queuing, round robin scheduling and receiver window backpressure for congestion management. Simulation results show that RWBP can maintain high utilization of the satellite link and improve fairness among the competing connections.
ESD protection design in active-lite interposer for 2.5 and 3D systems-in-package (2015)

Adding low-cost front-end processing to a passive interposer process flow enables the low-cost processing of diodes, SCRs and bipolar transistors. Using those devices in an ESD protection design allows moving a large part of the ESD protection from the stacked die to the interposer.
Guest Editorial: Recent and Future Evolution of Wi-Fi (2022)

The IEEE 802.11 standard, often referred to as Wi-Fi, underpins wireless networking applications around the world that impact our daily lives, such as wireless access to the Internet from offices, homes, airports, hotels, restaurants, trains, and aircraft. Today's laptops, tablets, and smartphones are typically equipped with at least one IEEE 802.11 radio. IEEE 802.11 standards have enabled a whole range of applications for wireless communications, and their relevance continues to expand. This is made possible with the emergence of new devices, supporting new applications such as the Internet of Things (IoT), localization, and sensing. Wi-Fi is, and will continue to be, a key technology that is shaping the future of consumers and businesses worldwide.
Biosilica‐Entrapped Enzymes Studied by Using Dynamic Nuclear‐Polarization‐Enhanced High‐Field NMR Spectroscopy (2015)

Enzymes are used as environmentally friendly catalysts in many industrial applications, and are frequently immobilized in a matrix to improve their chemical stability for long-term storage and reusability. Recently, it was shown that an atomic-level description of proteins immobilized in a biosilica matrix can be attained by examining their magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra. However, even though MAS NMR is an excellent tool for determining structure, it is severely hampered by sensitivity. In this work we provide the proof of principle that NMR characterization of biosilica-entrapped enzymes could be assisted by high-field dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP).