gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meconium aspiration injury: Uncoupling between the in vivo physiologic and in vitro inflammatory responses (2001)

OBJECTIVE: To correlate the in vivo physiologic changes that occur with meconium aspiration injury to an associated in vitro cellular response to meconium. DESIGN: Experimental, prospective, randomized, controlled study. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Eighteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats with meconium aspiration injury. INTERVENTIONS: Rats were given 3 mL/kg of a 25% meconium solution and were treated with conventional gas ventilation; nine rats were given exogenous surfactant therapy (Survanta, 4 mL/kg), and nine rats were not treated (control). Bronchoalveolar lavages were collected for total cell counts. Histologic samples also were taken for analysis. In addition, the in vitro effect of meconium on granulocytic elastase release from human neutrophils was determined. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: Meconium caused significant morbidity in vivo, including poor oxygenation, elevated Paco(2), diminished compliance, and elevated white cell count in the bronchial lavages. Lung white cell count was significantly less in the surfactant group (p <.01). Meconium did not cause elastase release from human neutrophils in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated uncoupling between in vivo physiologic responses to meconium injury in rats and the in vitro effect of meconium on human neutrophils. Surfactant therapy alleviated some of the perturbations associated with meconium injury, including a reduction in the inflammatory cell count in lung lavages. The absence of direct neutrophil activation by meconium suggests the requirement of an intermediary in the pathogenesis of meconium aspiration injury.
Deriving Efficient Porous Heteroatom‐Doped Carbon Electrocatalysts for Hydrazine Oxidation from Transition Metal Ions‐Coordinated Casein (2019)

Abstract In this work, the synthesis of high‐performance, metal ion‐imprinted, mesoporous carbon electrocatalysts for hydrazine oxidation reaction (HzOR) using casein or a family of phosphoproteins derived from cow's milk as a precursor is shown. The synthesis is made possible by mixing trace amounts of non‐noble metal ions (Fe 3+ or Co 2+ ) with casein and then producing different metal ions‐functionalized casein intermediates, which upon carbonization, followed by acid treatment, lead to metal ion‐imprinted catalytically active sites on the materials. The materials effectively electrocatalyze HzOR with low overpotentials at neutral pH and exhibit among the highest electrocatalytic performances ever reported for carbon catalysts. Their catalytic activities are also better than the corresponding control material, synthesized by carbonization of pure casein and other materials previously reported for HzOR. This work demonstrates a novel synthetic route that transforms an inexpensive protein to highly active carbon‐based electrocatalysts by modifying its surfaces with trace amounts of non‐noble metals. The types of metal ions employed in the synthesis are found to dictate the electrocatalytic activities of the materials. Notably, Fe 3+ is found to be more effective than Co 2+ in helping the conversion of casein into more electrocatalytically active carbon materials for HzOR.
Generation of Chimeric Toxins (2020)

Chimeric toxins are generated by removing or crippling the receptor-binding domains of bacterial or plant toxins and substituting in their place proteins or peptides that bind mammalian cells. The cell-binding protein will then dictate which cell type the chimeric toxin will bind and kill. Gene fusions are then introduced into an appropriate expression system and recombinant chimeric toxins produced. Recombinant chimeric toxins have been made with diphtheria toxin and Pseudomonas exotoxin in combination with a variety of hormones, antibodies, and other cell-binding proteins. To be cytotoxic, chimeric toxins must have binding, translocating, and enzymatic activities. Of the chimeric toxins examined, most bind 3to 10-fold less well than the corresponding native ligands (34,38,45). The chimeric toxin IL-2-PE40 is toxic for cells and cell lines that display IL-2 receptors on their surface. IX A major clinical focus for the use of chimeric toxins is the treatment of cancer and immunological disorders.
Antagonism of mmu-mir-106a attenuates asthma features in allergic murine model (2012)

MicroRNAs (miRs) regulate immunological pathways in health and disease, and a number of miRs have been shown to be altered in mouse models of asthma. The secretion of interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to be defective in many inflammatory diseases including asthma. We recently demonstrated that miR-106a inhibits IL-10 in a post-transcriptional manner. In this study, we investigated the effect of inhibition of mmu-miR106a in asthmatic condition to find its possible role as a therapeutic target. Our in vitro experiments with mouse macrophage, RAW264.7, revealed that mmu-miR-106a potentially decreased IL-10 along with increase in proinflammatory cytokine. Furthermore, administration of mmu-miR-106a to naive mice reduced IL-10 levels in lungs in a dose-dependent manner without altering lung histology. Most interestingly, knockdown of mmu-miR-106a in an established allergic airway inflammation has significantly alleviated most of the features of asthma such as airway hyperresponsiveness, airway inflammation, increased Th2 response, goblet cell metaplasia, and subepithelial fibrosis along with increase in IL-10 levels in lung. This represents the first in vivo proof of a miRNA-mediated regulation of IL-10 with a potential to reverse an established asthmatic condition.
An Engineered Human Antibody Fab Fragment Specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa PcrV Antigen Has Potent Antibacterial Activity (2008)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause acute lung injury and mortality through the delivery of exotoxins by the type III secretion system (TTSS). PcrV is an important structural protein of the TTSS. An engineered human antibody Fab fragment that binds to the P. aeruginosa PcrV protein with high affinity has been identified and has potent in vitro neutralization activity against the TTSS. The instillation of a single dose of Fab into the lungs of mice provided protection against lethal pulmonary challenge of P. aeruginosa and led to a substantial reduction of viable bacterial counts in the lungs. These results demonstrate that blocking of the TTSS by a Fab lacking antibody Fc-mediated effector functions can be sufficient for the effective clearance of pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection.
Prodynorphin Processing by Proprotein Convertase 2 (1998)

Endoproteolytic processing of the 26-kDa protein precursor prodynorphin (proDyn) at paired and single basic residues is most likely carried out by the proprotein convertases (PCs); however, the role of PCs at single basic residues is unclear. In previous studies we showed that limited proDyn processing by PC1/PC3 at both paired and single basic residues resulted in the formation of 8- and 10-kDa intermediates. Because PC2 is colocalized with proDyn, we examined the potential role of this convertase in cleaving proDyn. PC2 cleaved proDyn to produce dynorphin (Dyn) A 1-17, Dyn B 1-13, and alpha-neo-endorphin, without a previous requirement for PC1/PC3. PC2 also cleaved at single basic residues, resulting in the formation of the C-peptide and Dyn A 1-8. Only PC2, but not furin or PC1/PC3, could cleave the Arg-Pro bond to yield Dyn 1-8. Structure-activity studies with Dyn A 1-17 showed that a P4 Arg residue is important for single basic cleavage by PC2 and that the P1' Pro residue impedes processing. Conversion of Dyn A 1-17 or Dyn B 1-13 into leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk) by PC2 was never observed; however, Dyn AB 1-32 cleavage yielded small amounts of Leu-Enk, suggesting that Leu-Enk can be generated from the proDyn precursor only through a specific pathway. Finally, PC2 cleavages at single and paired basic residues were enhanced when carried out in the presence of carboxypeptidase (CP) E. Enhancement was blocked by GEMSA, a specific inhibitor of CPE activity, and could be duplicated by other carboxypeptidases, including CPD, CPB, or CPM. Our data suggest that carboxypeptidase activity enhances PC2 processing by the elimination of product inhibition caused by basic residue-extended peptides.
Transition Metal Complexes as Catalysts for the Electroconversion of CO2: An Organometallic Perspective (2021)

The electrocatalytic transformation of carbon dioxide has been a topic of interest in the field of CO<sub>2</sub> utilization for a long time. Recently, the area has seen increasing dynamics as an alternative strategy to catalytic hydrogenation for CO<sub>2</sub> reduction. While many studies focus on the direct electron transfer to the CO<sub>2</sub> molecule at the electrode material, molecular transition metal complexes in solution offer the possibility to act as catalysts for the electron transfer. C<sub>1</sub> compounds such as carbon monoxide, formate, and methanol are often targeted as the main products, but more elaborate transformations are also possible within the coordination sphere of the metal center. This perspective article will cover selected examples to illustrate and categorize the currently favored mechanisms for the electrochemically induced transformation of CO<sub>2</sub> promoted by homogeneous transition metal complexes. The insights will be corroborated with the concepts and elementary steps of organometallic catalysis to derive potential strategies to broaden the molecular diversity of possible products.
The boundaries of the self: The sense of agency across different sensorimotor aspects (2019)

The sense of agency (SoA) is the sensation of control over our actions. SoA is thought to rely mainly upon the comparison of predictions regarding the sensory outcomes of one's actions and the actual sensory outcomes. Previous studies have shown that when a discrepancy is introduced between one's actions and the sensory feedback, the reported SoA is reduced. Experimental manipulations of SoA are typically induced by introducing a discrepancy between a motor action and visual feedback of a specific sensorimotor aspect. For example, introducing a delay or a spatial deviation between the action and its sensory feedback reduces SoA. However, it is yet unclear whether the sensorimotor prediction processes underlying SoA are related between different aspects. Here in one exploratory and one preregistered experiment we tested the sense of agency across temporal, spatial, and anatomical aspects in a within-subject design. Using a novel virtual-reality task allowing the manipulation of the visual feedback of a motor action across different aspects, we show that the sensitivity of agency is different across aspects, agency judgments are correlated across aspects within subjects and bias toward attributing the viewed action to the self or to an external source is correlated as well. Our results suggest that sensorimotor prediction mechanisms underlying SoA are related between different aspects and that people have a predisposition for the directionality of agency judgments. These findings reveal the psychophysical attributes of SoA across sensorimotor aspects. Data and preregistration are available at https://goo.gl/SkbGrb.
The History of Modality and Mood (2015)

This chapter traces the current understanding of mood (or mode) and modality back in time, in the Western tradition, giving pride of place to F. R. Palmer, G. H. von Wright, I. Kant, Priscian, Quintilian, Dionysius Thrax, Apollonius Dyscolus, and Protagoras. It sketches how there were and still are at least four different notions of mood, the domain of which was progressively taken over by a notion of modality. It also sketches the tradi¬tion of some key elements in the understanding of modality, viz. necessity and possibil¬ity, which were studied from Greek antiquity onward long before they were subsumed under the heading of modality.
Ion Thruster Life Models (2005)

Many of the missions considered under the Space Vision demand electric propulsion lifetimes that far exceed what has been demonstrated. Some missions for example, such as the recently studied Prometheus 1, require thruster operation life, including margin, in excess of a decade. That length of thruster operations essentially precludes relying exclusively on testing for life validation. A coordinated program of experimental measurement and computer simulation has produced analytical models of several of the most important ion thruster physics and life limiting mechanisms. In this paper we review the most recent 2-D and 3-D plasma simulation models for ion thruster hollow cathodes, discharge chambers, and ion optics.
The Toll-Like Receptor 2 agonist PEG-Pam2Cys as an immunochemoprophylactic and immunochemotherapeutic against the liver and transmission stages of malaria parasites (2018)

Both vaccine and therapeutic approaches to malaria are based on conventional paradigms; whole organism or single antigen epitope-based vaccines administered with or without an adjuvant, and chemotherapeutics (anti-malaria drugs) that are toxic to the parasite. Two major problems that limit the effectiveness of these approaches are i) high levels of antigenic variation within parasite populations rendering vaccination efficacy against all variants difficult, and ii) the capacity of the parasite to quickly evolve resistance to drugs. We describe a new approach to both protection from and treatment of malaria parasites that involves the direct stimulation of the host innate immune response through the administration of a Toll-Like Receptor-2 (TLR2) agonist. The activity of PEG-Pam<sub>2</sub>Cys against the hepatocytic stages, erythrocytic stages and gametocytes of the rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii was investigated in laboratory mice. We show that administration of PEG-Pam<sub>2</sub>Cys, a soluble form of the TLR2 agonist S-[2,3-bis(palmitoyloxy)propyl] cysteine (Pam<sub>2</sub>Cys), significantly and dramatically reduces the numbers of malaria parasites that grow in the livers of mice following subsequent challenge with sporozoites. We also show that treatment can also clear parasites from the liver when administered subsequent to the establishment of infection. Finally, PEG-Pam<sub>2</sub>Cys can reduce the numbers of mosquitoes that are infected, and the intensity of their infection, following blood feeding on gametocytaemic mice. These results suggest that this compound could represent a novel liver stage anti-malarial that can be used both for the clearance of parasites following exposure and for the prevention of the establishment of infection.
Robust Inverse Framework using Knowledge-guided Self-Supervised Learning (2022)

Machine Learning is beginning to provide state-of-the-art performance in a range of environmental applications such as streamflow prediction in a hydrologic basin. However, building accurate broad-scale models for streamflow remains challenging in practice due to the variability in the dominant hydrologic processes, which are best captured by sets of process-related basin characteristics. Existing basin characteristics suffer from noise and uncertainty, among many other things, which adversely impact model performance. To tackle the above challenges, in this paper, we propose a novel Knowledge-guided Self-Supervised Learning (KGSSL) inverse framework to extract system characteristics from driver(input) and response(output) data. This first-of-its-kind framework achieves robust performance even when characteristics are corrupted or missing. We evaluate the KGSSL framework in the context of stream flow modeling using CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies) which is a widely used hydrology benchmark dataset. Specifically, KGSSL outperforms baseline by 16% in predicting missing characteristics. Furthermore, in the context of forward modelling, KGSSL inferred characteristics provide a 35% improvement in performance over a standard baseline when the static characteristic are unknown.
Transport control networking (2022)

Data-intensive sciences are becoming increasingly important for modern sciences. The transport control plane (TC-Plane) of the networks supporting data-intensive sciences can be important to achieve efficient and controlled transport of data for data-intensive sciences. In this paper, we analyze FTS, which is the de facto TC-Plane of the largest data-intensive network, revealing both efficiency and resource control issues of the current design. We then present the design and initial evaluation of Transport Control Networking (TCN), a design that is based on FTS but introduces (1) network-application co-design/coordination, which uses ALTO to realize network-wide resource control, and (2) a general, efficient, flexible optimization framework for TC-Plane, which allows both zero-order and first-order (e.g., bottleneck structure) gradient-based algorithms. We also discuss future work to engage the broad networking and data-intensive sciences communities.
"Terabus" - a waveguide-based parallel optical interconnect for Tb/s-class on-board data transfers in computer systems (2005)

Technologies for Tb/s-class optical links are demonstrated, including an organic card with 48 integrated waveguides and a silicon-carrier interposer. 4×12-array optical transmitters and receivers operate up to 20 Gb/s and 14 Gb/s per channel, respectively, with &lt;10 mW-per-Gb/s link power dissipation. (2 pages)
ChemInform Abstract: Polar Orientation of Dyes in Robust Multilayers by Zirconium Phosphate‐ Phosphonate Interlayers. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unity power factor inductive power transfer pick-up for high power applications (2008)

This paper describes the design of a new unity power factor inductive power transfer (IPT) pick-up using an LCL tuned network for application in high power systems. This new topology has the potential to increase the efficiency and reduce the cost of high power pick-ups by minimizing the reactive currents in the pick-up coil and reflected VAR loading on the power supply. In a practical system the rectifier and associated processing circuitry distorts the current waveforms, adding an effective inductive load to the circuit. A series compensation capacitance is added to correct this distortion. A design strategy is developed for the new topology and two example circuits are constructed and compared experimentally with a traditional parallel tuned (LC) pick-up operating on a monorail based IPT system.
[State-of-the-Art Technologies in Nuclear Medicine Imaging]. (2019)

Nuclear medicine imaging is an important tool for cancer diagnosis, brain research, molecular imaging research and so on. Therefore, various imaging techniques and methods are being developed and investigated in nuclear medicine physics. In this report, we introduce state-of-the-art techniques, such as Compton camera imaging, time-of-flight positron emission tomography, semiconductor detectors for medical applications, image reconstruction and deep learning, which were reported in the 2017 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium & Medical Imaging Conference.
The Design of a Dielectric Rod Antenna Using Genetic Algorithm Optimization for Vessel's Collision Avoidance Applications (2007)

In this paper, we present the development of an antenna specialized for the maritime collision avoidance system. This antenna is configured as the dielectric rod partially embedded in the metal cavity to reduce the overall size, simultaneously assuring the mechanical sturdiness against the challenging oceanic weather conditions. More importantly, the design has been carefully done to meet the requirements on the radiation pattern(with the slope < 5 dB/deg in the elevation(E-plane), circular in the azimuth) suitable to receiving the reflected signals from the other objects on the sea. To find the optimal design parameters, the genetic algorithm has been used to meet the goals of the desired return loss and pattern. This design methodology is validated by the good agreement between the calculation and measurement.
Isotachophoresis with counterflow in an open capillary: Computer simulation and experimental validation (2013)

The purpose of applying a countercurrent flow to isotachophoretic migration is to increase the effective separation channel length during ITP. However, severe dispersion induced by applying a counterflow can be detrimental to ITP. This paper uses numerical simulations in a 2D axisymmetric domain to investigate the dispersion caused by a parabolic counterflow in open-capillary ITP. Counterflow in these simulations was generated by applying a back pressure to stop the isotachophoretic stack, i.e., forming stationary ITP zones. It is found that dispersion is strongly related to analyte molecular diffusivity: R-phycoerythrin, due to its small diffusivity, showed ~20-fold increase in zone width in stationary counterflow ITP, compared to ITP in the absence of counterflow, while fluorescein only had ~10% increase in zone width under similar operating conditions. Applying the Taylor-Aris dispersion formula in counterflow ITP simulations provided only a rough estimate of the dispersion, e.g., overestimation of analyte zone widths. Experiments on counterflow ITP were conducted in a silica capillary that was covalently and dynamically coated to exclude electroosmosis effect. The counterflow was generated by adjusting the relative height of the fluids in the two reservoirs at the capillary ends. Good qualitative agreement between simulations and experiments was found.
Effect of Benzotriazole on the Anisotropic Electrolytic Etching of Copper (1998)

Electrolytic etching of copper foil at the base of cavities formed by patterned photoresist was investigated in 0.5 M sulfuric acid solutions which either contained 40 mM benzotriazole (BTA) or were free of BTA. It was found that under‐cutting (metal dissolution beneath the photoresist) was minimized by the action of surface films in both solutions. It was also found that the nature of the surface films and the mechanism by which they enhanced etch anisotropy differed. In additive‐free solutions, anisotropic etching was observed under conditions of applied potential and flow for which mass transfer was suppressed in the interior corner regions of cavities. Such operating conditions in additive‐free solutions displayed characteristic current transients. In BTA‐containing solutions, the etch profiles were highly dependent on applied potential. In contrast to the additive‐free solutions, the flow conditions in BTA‐containing solutions had little effect on the current transients or on the degree of undercutting within the region of applied potential in which anisotropic etching was achievable.