gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuclear spin noise imaging (2006)

NMR images were obtained from the proton spin noise signals of a water-containing phantom, which was placed in the highly tuned, low-noise resonant circuit of a cryogenically cooled NMR probe in the presence of systematically varied magnetic field gradients. The spatially resolved proton spin density was obtained from the raw signal by a modified projection-reconstruction protocol. Although spin noise imaging is inherently less sensitive than conventional magnetic resonance imaging, it affords an entirely noninvasive visualization of the interior of opaque objects or subjects. Thus, tomography becomes possible even when neither x-ray nor radio frequency radiation can be applied for technical or safety reasons.
Chemical Synthesis and Properties of 5-Taurinomethyluridine and 5-Taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (2009)

Unique taurine-containing uridine derivatives, 5-taurinomethyluridine (tau m5U) and 5-taurinomethyl-2-thiouridine (tau m5s2U), which were discovered in mammalian mitochondrial tRNAs, exist at the first position of the anticodon. In this paper, we report the first efficient synthesis of tau m5U and tau m5s2U and describe their physicochemical properties. These modified ribonucleosides were synthesized by the reaction of 5-substituted uridine derivatives with a tetrabutylammonium salt of taurine that is highly reactive and well-soluble in common organic solvents. UV and 1H NMR spectrometric studies revealed the structural properties of the taurine-containing base moieties and the sugar conformations of these modified ribonucleosides.
Simulating Stochastic Activation Functions (2013)

The article discusses the benefits of stochastic load activation in the context of demand-side management for energy-aware building management systems. We describe our model and report on results from simulations investigating the trade-off between quality of service and peak reduction as well as the ability to prioritise activation in times of resource shortage.
Anti-inflammatory terpenoids from Boswellia ovalifoliolata (2013)

Ten compounds, including three new compounds (1–3, one sesquiterpenoid and two triterpenoids), were isolated and characterized from the ethanolic extract of oleo-gum-resin from Boswellia ovalifoliolata. It is noteworthy that, for the first time, compound 4 has been reported from any of Boswellia species, and 5–9 from B. ovalifoliolata. These isolated compounds were screened for TNF-α inhibition and the results showed that 2 and 5 significantly inhibited the expression of TNF-α at 1 μM, whereas inhibition by rolipram (a standard TNF-α inhibitor) occurred at 100 μM. Furthermore, 2 and 5 were found to considerably reduce levels of interleukin (IL-6 and IL-8) and nitric oxide (NO) production, which suggests they have anti-inflammatory potential and possible therapeutic uses.
The effect of the nitrogen absorption on the TEM structure of SUS304L austenitic stainless steel weld metal. (1986)

The effect of the nitrogen absorption on the transmission electron microscopic structure of SUS304L austenitic stainless steel weld metal was investigated by varying the nitrogen partial pressure of the Ar-N2 gas mixture welding atmosphere in an atmosphere-controlling chamber. An electron diffraction study suggested that the primary solidification mode of the weld metal alters from ferritic mode to austenitic one with the nitrogen partial pressure and the nitrogen content of weld metal. The austenite frequently adopts a near Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship with the adjacent primary ferrite, while the eutectic ferrite does not adopt the K-S one with the adjacent austenite. The amount of the eutectic ferrite phase increases with the nitrogen partial pressure and the nitrogen content. In the weld metal with no ferrite, precipitation on dislocations and grain boundaries was observed.
Aging Effect on Lithium-Ion Battery Resistance Hysteresis (2023)

In recent years, lithium-ion batteries have been broadly employed in many different applications that require high energy and power density. In both static and mobile applications, the onboard estimation of internal parameters such as the capacity and internal resistance is of paramount importance. In particular, the internal resistance of a battery limits the power it can deliver and affects the overall efficiency. The battery resistance changes under different conditions, such as temperature, state of charge, and aging. In addition, a hysteresis resistance phenomenon was discovered and analyzed for different temperatures in a previous work. Indeed, the internal resistance of a battery changes based on the charging or discharging phase for a fixed state of charge and temperature. In the present work, the hysteresis phenomenon was deeply analyzed, even considering the cycle aging of the battery. To do this, several tests were performed using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Finally, a mathematical model capable of predicting how the hysteresis changes as a function of aging, for a fixed state of charge and temperature, was proposed.
ChemInform Abstract: OUDENON, EIN NEUER TYROSINHYDROXYLASE‐INHIBITOR MIKROBIELLER HERKUNFT (1971)

Abstract Aufgrund spektroskopischer Eigenschaften (Angabe von UV‐ und IR‐Daten, Abbildung des NMR‐Spektrums) und chemischer Abbaureaktionen wird für das aus Oudemansiella radicata isolierte Oudenon die Konstitution (I) ermittelt.
Plasmon-Enhanced Energy Transfer in Photosensitive Nanocrystal Device (2017)

Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) interacted with localized surface plasmon (LSP) gives us the ability to overcome inadequate transfer of energy between donor and acceptor nanocrystals (NCs). In this paper, we show LSP-enhanced FRET in colloidal photosensors of NCs in operation, resulting in substantially enhanced photosensitivity. The proposed photosensitive device is a layered self-assembled colloidal platform consisting of separated monolayers of the donor and the acceptor colloidal NCs with an intermediate metal nanoparticle (MNP) layer made of gold interspaced by polyelectrolyte layers. Using LBL assembly, we fabricated and comparatively studied seven types of such NC-monolayer devices (containing only donor, only acceptor, Au MNP-donor, Au MNP-acceptor, donor-acceptor bilayer, donor-Au MNP-acceptor trilayer, and acceptor-Au MNP-donor reverse trilayer). In these structures, we revealed the effect of LSP-enhanced FRET and exciton interactions from the donor NCs layer to the acceptor NCs layer. Compared to a single acceptor NC device, we observed a significant extension in operating wavelength range and a substantial photosensitivity enhancement (2.91-fold) around the LSP resonance peak of Au MNPs in the LSP-enhanced FRET trilayer structure. Moreover, we present a theoretical model for the intercoupled donor-Au MNP-acceptor structure subject to the plasmon-mediated nonradiative energy transfer. The obtained numerical results are in excellent agreement with the systematic experimental studies done in our work. The potential to modify the energy transfer through mastering the exciton-plasmon interactions and its implication in devices make them attractive for applications in nanophotonic devices and sensors.
Self‐Assembling Systems on Scales from Nanometers to Millimeters: Design and Discovery (1999)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Scope and Objectives of the Review Experimental Systems Summary and Conclusions
Abstract 5729: Dynamic phase separation of the androgen receptor and its coactivators to regulate gene expression (2022)

Abstract Numerous cancers, including prostate cancer (PCa), have been shown to be addicted to transcription programs driven by specific genomic sites known as superenhancers (SEs). Recently, it has been proposed that the robust transcription of genes at such SEs is enabled by the formation of phase-separated condensates by transcription factors and coactivators with intrinsically disordered regions. The androgen receptor (AR), the main oncogenic driver in PCa, contains large disordered regions and is co-recruited with the transcriptional coactivator MED1 to SEs in androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells, thereby promoting oncogenic transcriptional programs. In this work, we show that AR-rich, liquid-like foci form in prostate cancer models upon androgen stimulation. We reveal that foci formation correlates with AR transcriptional activity, which can be modulated by changing cellular foci content genetically or chemically. We also demonstrate that the transcriptional coactivator MED1 plays an essential role in the formation of transcriptionally active AR-rich foci and that AR antagonists that block cofactor recruitment or DNA binding hinder foci formation and thus AR transcriptional activity. The liquid like properties of the condensates were also validated in-vitro by using recombinant AR protein. Using clinical specimens, we detected the interaction between AR and MED1 in advanced forms of prostate cancer and not in benign tissues. These results suggest that enhanced compartmentalization of AR and coactivators at SEs may play an important role in the activation of oncogenic transcription programs in androgen-dependent PCa. A better understanding of the assembly and the regulation of these AR-rich compartments may provide novel therapeutic options for PCa by targeting downstream events of androgen activation and DNA binding of AR. Citation Format: Fan Zhang, Maitree Biswas, Joseph Lee, Shreyas Lingadahalli, Samantha Wong, Christopher Wells, Neetu Saxena, Bei Sun, Ana K. Parra-Nuñez, Christophe Sanchez, Jane Foo, Novia Chan, Lauren Ung, Nabeel Khan, Umut Berkay Altıntaş, Jennifer M. Bui, Yuzhuo Wang, Ladan Fazli, Paul S. Rennie, Nathan Lack, Artem Cherkasov, Martin E. Gleave, Joerg Gsponer, Nada Lallous. Dynamic phase separation of the androgen receptor and its coactivators to regulate gene expression [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 5729.
TABBIE: Pretrained Representations of Tabular Data (2021)

Hiroshi Iida, Dung Thai, Varun Manjunatha, Mohit Iyyer. Proceedings of the 2021 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2021.
Determination of the interfacial magneto-optical effects in Co/Pt multilayer structures (1997)

In this letter, we present results of a study of the magneto-optical Kerr response in Co/Pt superlattices by solving for optical constants and Voigt parameters of constituent layers in the structure. The absolute values of the Voigt parameters of Co/Pt interfaces were found to be about twice as large as for the Co layer in the superlattice. Furthermore, using the determined optical constants and Voigt parameters, we can generate the Kerr rotations and ellipticities for Co/Pt superlattices or sandwich structures with continuously changed layer thicknesses and different repeat numbers. Comparison of these theoretical results to the experimental magneto-optical responses for selected structures exhibits strong consistency.
Peter C. Nowell (1928–2016) (2017)

Tumor biologist who set the stage for precision medicine
Rhodium catalysts for the homogeneous hydrogenation of ketones (1970)

R. R. Schrock and J. A. Osborn, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1970, 567 DOI: 10.1039/C29700000567
Pharmacological TLR4 Antagonism Using Topical Resatorvid Blocks Solar UV-Induced Skin Tumorigenesis in SKH-1 Mice (2018)

An urgent need exists for the development of more efficacious molecular strategies targeting nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), the most common malignancy worldwide. Inflammatory signaling downstream of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) has been implicated in several forms of tumorigenesis, yet its role in solar UV-induced skin carcinogenesis remains undefined. We have previously shown in keratinocyte cell culture and SKH-1 mouse epidermis that topical application of the specific TLR4 antagonist resatorvid (TAK-242) blocks acute UV-induced AP-1 and NF-κB signaling, associated with downregulation of inflammatory mediators and MAP kinase phosphorylation. We therefore explored TLR4 as a novel target for chemoprevention of UV-induced NMSC. We selected the clinical TLR4 antagonist resatorvid based upon target specificity, potency, and physicochemical properties. Here, we confirm using <i>ex vivo</i> permeability assays that topical resatorvid can be effectively delivered to skin, and using <i>in vivo</i> studies that topical resatorvid can block UV-induced AP-1 activation in mouse epidermis. We also report that in a UV-induced skin tumorigenesis model, topical resatorvid displays potent photochemopreventive activity, significantly suppressing tumor area and multiplicity. Tumors harvested from resatorvid-treated mice display reduced activity of UV-associated signaling pathways and a corresponding increase in apoptosis compared with tumors from control animals. Further mechanistic insight on resatorvid-based photochemoprevention was obtained from unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis of protein readouts via reverse-phase protein microarray revealing a significant attenuation of key UV-induced proteomic changes by resatorvid in chronically treated high-risk SKH-1 skin prior to tumorigenesis. Taken together, our data identify TLR4 as a novel molecular target for topical photochemoprevention of NMSC. <i>Cancer Prev Res; 11(5); 265-78. ©2018 AACR</i><i>See related editorial by Sfanos, p. 251</i>.
Observation of a Low Energy Component of Positronium Emitted from Alkali-Metal Coated Polycrystalline Tungsten Surfaces (2017)

We have studied the emission of ortho-positronium from alkali-metal coated polycrystalline tungsten surfaces. The positronium time-of-flight spectra show that the yield of the 5 eV positronium component increases by alkali-metal coating. In addition, a low energy positronium component appears by Cs or K coating. We suggest that this component is due to positron energy loss by inter-band transition or surface plasmon excitation.
Functionality Demonstration of a High-Density 2.5V Self-Aligned Split-Gate NVM Cell Embedded into 40nm CMOS Logic Process for Automotive Microcontrollers (2016)

This paper for the first time successfully demonstrates a Logic-compatible, highly reliable, automotive-grade 16Mb flash macro with self- aligned, split-gate FG-based flash cell embedded into a 40nm Low Power CMOS with copper low-K interconnects. Key Features of the flash macro: Dual power supply with operation temperature from -40 to 150 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sup> C; Random Read access 10ns @ worst case condition; Low active and standby power; High raw endurance and data retention lifetime before using ECC. This technology provides large read current window which is compatible with both automotive MCU markets and low power mode tailored for smart card/industrial applications. The 16Mb Design test chip (DTC) with industry-leading cell size has demonstrated functionality with tight cell Vt and read current distributions. The SG NVM cell and erase gate are processed with self-alignment to gate spacer and polysilicon CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) that can be easily integrated in a modular way to the standard logic process.
Rearrangement of Coenzyme A-Acylated Carbon Chain Enables Synthesis of Isobutanol via a Novel Pathway in Ralstonia eutropha (2018)

Coenzyme A (CoA)-dependent pathways have been explored extensively for the biosynthesis of fuels and chemicals. While CoA-dependent mechanisms are widely used to elongate carbon chains in a linear fashion, branch-making chemistry has not been incorporated. In this study, we demonstrated the production of isobutanol, a branched-chain alcohol that can be used as a gasoline substitute, using a novel CoA-dependent pathway in recombinant Ralstonia eutropha H16. The designed pathway is constituted of three modules: chain elongation, rearrangement, and modification. We first integrated and optimized the chain elongation and modification modules, and we achieved the production of ∼200 mg/L n-butanol from fructose or ∼30 mg/L from formate by engineered R. eutropha. Subsequently, we incorporated the rearrangement module, which features a previously uncharacterized, native isobutyryl-CoA mutase in R. eutropha. The engineered strain produced ∼30 mg/L isobutanol from fructose. The carbon skeleton rearrangement chemistry demonstrated here may be used to expand the range of the chemicals accessible with CoA-dependent pathways.
A New Bi-directional Wireless EV Charging Controller Tolerant to Large Pad Misalignments (2019)

Misalignment in charging pads in wireless EV charging systems invariably results in reduction in charging rate and increase in losses. This paper presents a new control technique that restores the charging level to its rated power level with minimum losses under misaligned pads. The control technique ensures that the system will always operate under the tuned condition, despite any pad misalignment, to deliver rated power and without any direct communication. To demonstrate the validity of the proposed control concept, a comprehensive mathematical model is presented, in comparison to simulation results.
SEAC: Serbian Emotional Amateur Cellphone Speech Corpus (2022)

Abstract Emotional speech recognition and synthesis of expressive speech are highly dependable on the availability of emotional speech corpora. In this paper, we present the creation and verification of the Serbian Emotional Amateur Cellphone Speech Corpus (SEAC), which was released by the University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences in 2022, as the first amateur emotional speech corpus in Serbian language, recorded over cellphones. The corpus contains emotional speech elicited from 53 different speakers (24 male and 29 female) in 5 different emotional states (neutral, happiness, sadness, fear and anger), and its total duration amounts to approximately 8 hours of speech data. Initial objective evaluation of the corpus has confirmed high correlation between the behaviour of acoustic parameters corresponding to different emotional states in the newly recorded corpus and the existing Serbian emotional speech corpus recorded by 6 professional actors, which was used as a source for reference recordings. The corpus was further evaluated through listening tests concerned with human emotion recognition. Finally, we present the results of experiments concerning emotion recognition and speaker recognition by several conventional machine learning systems carried out on the corpus, as well as the results of a cross-lingual emotion recognition experiment involving a state-of-the-art machine learning system based on deep convolutional neural networks.
Density inhomogeneity in ferroelectric thin films (2006)

Structural investigations of Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) ferroelectric thin films derived by chemical solution deposition on Pt∕TiOx electrode stacks were performed using grazing incidence x-ray specular reflectivity of synchrotron radiation and transmission electron microscopy. A density inhomogeneity, i.e., a sublayer structure, in the PZT thin films was observed; the upper PZT sublayer had a lower density and the lower sublayer had a higher density. The influence of the density inhomogeneity, as a possible extrinsic contribution to size effects in ferroelectric thin films, was discussed.
A Comparison of Two Retroperitoneal Surgical Approaches for Total Disc Arthroplasty of the Lumbar Spine (2008)

The finding of a statistically significant more anteriorly displaced position in the sagittal plane of the total disc arthroplasty using the PLR approach may indicate a need to change to the MR approach. This study also demonstrates that patients with >or=5 mm prosthetic deviation from midline in either the coronal or sagittal planes had diminished clinical outcomes regardless of the approach used.
Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD) and immunogenicity of moxetumomab pasudotox (Moxe), an immunotoxin targeting CD22, in adult patients (Pts) with relapsed or refractory hairy cell leukemia (HCL). (2018)

7061 Background: Moxe is a recombinant immunotoxin that specifically binds to CD22 on the B cell surface and internalizes leading to cell death. The PK, PD, and immunogenicity of moxe were evaluated in a pivotal study (NCT01829711) in pts with HCL. Methods: Eighty pts were enrolled and received moxe (40 µg/kg IV) on days 1, 3, and 5 of each 28-day cycle. Samples were collected for assessments of PK, circulating CD19+ B cell counts and immunogenicity. PK parameters were estimated by non-compartmental approach. B cell counts were evaluated by flow cytometry. Immunogenicity testing utilized a tiered strategy: screen, neutralization followed by characterization of domain specificity (Pseudomonas exotoxin A [PE38], CD22) and titer. Results: Moxe concentrations peaked shortly after infusion followed by rapid elimination in a monophasic fashion (half-life = 1.38 hr; clearance = 44.6 mL/hr/kg). PK exposure increased from Dose 1 to Dose 3, likely due to post-treatment depletion of B cells expressing CD22. Moxe caused rapid and sustained depletion of circulating CD19+ B cells (mean 89% reduction from baseline on day 8). PK exposure revealed an inverse relationship with baseline CD19+ B cells. Higher PK exposures were significantly associated with low baseline CD19+ B cell counts. After dosing, CD19+ B cells were almost fully depleted and a weakened relationship with PK was observed. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) incidence and prevalence rates were 66% and 88%, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies (Nab) were detected in 84% of total pts. Among Nab+ pts, 99% and 54% of ADA exhibited specificity to PE38 and CD22 binding domains, respectively. Median titers were generally low at baseline but increased with time. Reduced PK exposure was observed at later cycles (≥ Cycle 3), consistent with increasing titer levels. Conclusions: Moxe exhibited rapid clearance and was highly immunogenic, as expected for a bacterial immunotoxin. This CD22 targeted therapy elicited rapid and potent B cell depleting activity in pts with HCL. Overall, these properties support moxe as a promising new approach for the treatment of relapsed/refractory HCL. Clinical trial information: NCT01829711.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of (+)‐Vinblastine. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enzymatically degradable nanogels by inverse miniemulsion copolymerization of acrylamide with dextran methacrylates as crosslinkers (2011)

Polyacrylamide nanogels crosslinked with dextran methacrylate were prepared by free radical copolymerization in inverse miniemulsion and their degradation by enzymatic cleavage of the polysaccharide chains was investigated.
Synthesis and Biological Testing of Penicillins: An Investigative Approach to the Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory (2010)

The development and implementation of a research-based organic chemistry laboratory experiment is presented. The experiment was designed to simulate a scientific research environment, involve students in critical thinking, and develop the student’s ability to analyze and present research-based data. In this experiment, a laboratory class synthesized a library of penicillins, where each student had the freedom to choose which penicillin he or she wanted to synthesize. After the different penicillins were synthesized, the products were tested for antimicrobial activity. All results from the class were compared and penicillins were grouped according to their ability to inhibit bacterial growth. Finally, students evaluated the structure−function relationship between the penicillin’s structure and its antimicrobial activity.