gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wechselwirkungen in Kristallen, 95 Formyl(2‐pyridyl)amin: Monomer in der Gasphase, dimer im Kristall (1996)

Interactions in Crystals, 95. – Formyl(2‐pyridyl)amine: Monomeric in the Gasphase, Dimeric in the Crystal The title molecule [HC] 4 NC–NH–CHO ( 2 ), an α‐aminopyridine derivative, forms a dimer via an hydrogen bridge pair (NH…N) 2 in the crystal. In the gasphase, however, it remains a monomer as proven by the well‐resolved He(I) photoelectron spectrum and its Koopman's assignment, IE n v = ‐ϵ J SCF , of the radical cation state pattern. The enthalpy difference for dimerization is approximated by AM1 calculations to be rather small. Nevertheless, on crystallization either from an aprotic solution or by sublimation through the gasphase, due to the cooperative effect and to the density‐dependent increase in lattice energy, a self‐organization to the dimer is observed.
Simulations of imaging the event horizon of Sagittarius A* from space (2019)

Context. It has been proposed that Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) at submillimeter waves will allow us to image the shadow of the black hole in the center of our Milky Way, Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), and thereby test basic predictions of the theory of general relativity. Aims. This paper presents imaging simulations of a new Space VLBI (SVLBI) mission concept. An initial design study of the concept has been presented in the form of the Event Horizon Imager (EHI). The EHI may be suitable for imaging Sgr A* at high frequencies (up to ∼690 GHz), which has significant advantages over performing ground-based VLBI at 230 GHz. The concept EHI design consists of two or three satellites in polar or equatorial circular medium-Earth orbits (MEOs) with slightly different radii. Due to the relative drift of the satellites along the individual orbits over the course of several weeks, this setup will result in a dense spiral-shaped uv-coverage with long baselines (up to ∼60 Gλ), allowing for extremely high-resolution and high-fidelity imaging of radio sources. Methods. We simulated observations of general relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (GRMHD) models of Sgr A* for the proposed configuration and calculate the expected noise based on preliminary system parameters. On long baselines, where the signal-to-noise ratio may be low, fringes could be detected assuming that the system is sufficiently phase stable and the satellite orbits can be reconstructed with sufficient accuracy. Averaging visibilities accumulated over multiple epochs of observations could then help improving the image quality. With three satellites instead of two, closure phases could be used for imaging. Results. Our simulations show that the EHI could be capable of imaging the black hole shadow of Sgr A* with a resolution of 4 μas (about 8% of the shadow diameter) within several months of observing time. Conclusion. Our preliminary study of the EHI concept shows that it is potentially of high scientific value. It could be used to measure black hole shadows much more precisely than with ground-based VLBI, allowing for stronger tests of general relativity and accretion models.
Synchronous mode locking using pump-induced phase modulation (1993)

Synchronous mode locking using phase modulation directly from the pump laser is demonstrated for what is to our knowledge the first time. A synchronously mode-locked erbium/ytterbium fiber laser pumped with a Nd:YAG laser delivers 2.4-ps pulses at a repetition rate of 100 MHz. The emission wavelength is self-adjusting to the cavity length within a locking range of 1 mm. The relative timing jitter is consistently less than 40% of the fiber laser pulse width and less than 1% of the pump pulse width.
Polyplanar optic Display (1997)

The Polyplanar Optical Display (POD) is a unique display screen which can be used with any projection source. This display screen is 2 inches thick and has a matte black face which allows for high contrast images. The prototype being developed is a form, fit and functional replacement display for the B-52 aircraft which uses a monochrome ten-inch display. The new display uses a 100 milliwatt green solid state laser (532 nm) as its optical source. In order to produce real-time video, the laser light is being modulated by a Digital Light Processing (DLP{trademark}) chip manufactured by Texas Instruments, Inc. A variable astigmatic focusing system is used to produce a stigmatic image on the viewing face of the POD. In addition to the optical design, the authors discuss the electronic interfacing to the DLP{trademark} chip, the opto-mechanical design and viewing angle characteristics.
Icariin enhances AMP-activated protein kinase and prevents high fructose and high salt-induced metabolic syndrome in rats (2020)

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an increasing health threat and often leads to cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study was to evaluate icariin's ability to combat MetS induced in rats and outline the involved mechanisms of action. Rats were grouped in four batches. The controls received a regular diet and water. MetS was induced in the remaining three groups using a high-salt high-fructose diet. Groups 1 and 2 were given daily doses of saline, while Groups 3 and 4 received 25 and 50 mg/kg icariin, respectively, for 12 weeks in total. The experimental protocol was carried out for 12 weeks consecutively. Icariin significantly decreased body mass index (BMI), adiposity index and body weight. Further, icariin protected against dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia and improved insulin resistance as given by the homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) values. Icariin guarded against the rise in serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). In addition, it significantly inhibited the decrease in mRNA expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) and liver kinase B1 (LKB1). These effects were accompanied by decreased liver content of nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) and enhanced serum levels of phosphorylated 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (p-AMPK). Further, icariin significantly increased p-AMPK/AMPK ratio in liver tissues. Conclusively, icariin offers protection in experimentally induced MetS, partially due to AMPK activation.
Discovery of T-Cell Infection and Apoptosis by Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (2015)

The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is associated with the highest mortality rate among the 6 known human coronaviruses. As of 26 June 2015, 1356 laboratory-confirmed cases have been reported to the World Health Organization, including at least 484 related deaths (ie, average mortality rate, approximately 36%), which is more than 3 times the mortality rate associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV (SARS-CoV) Why the mortality rate due to MERS-CoV infection is so high is unclear.
PdII‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)–H Arylation of Cyclobutyl Ketones Using a Chiral Transient Directing Group (2020)

Abstract The use of chiral transient directing groups (TDGs) is a promising approach for developing Pd II ‐catalyzed enantioselective C(sp 3 )−H activation reactions. However, this strategy is challenging because the stereogenic center on the TDG is often far from the C−H bond, and both TDG covalently attached to the substrate and free TDG are capable of coordinating to Pd II centers, which can result in a mixture of reactive complexes. We report a Pd II ‐catalyzed enantioselective β‐C( sp 3 )−H arylation reaction of aliphatic ketones using a chiral TDG. A chiral trisubstituted cyclobutane was efficiently synthesized from a mono‐substituted cyclobutane through sequential C−H arylation reactions, thus demonstrating the utility of this method for accessing structurally complex products from simple starting materials. The use of an electron‐deficient pyridone ligand is crucial for the observed enantioselectivity. Interestingly, employing different silver salts can reverse the enantioselectivity.
The scaffolding protein JADE1 physically links the acetyltransferase subunit HBO1 with its histone H3–H4 substrate (2018)

The human enzyme histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1 (HBO1) regulates DNA replication, cell proliferation, and development. HBO1 is part of a multiprotein histone acetyltransferase (HAT) complex that also contains inhibitor of growth family member (ING) 4/5, MYST/Esa1-associated factor (MEAF) 6, and the scaffolding proteins Jade family PHD finger (JADE) 1/2/3 or bromodomain and PHD finger-containing protein (BRPF) 2/3 to acetylate histone H4 H4K5/8/12 or H3K14, respectively. Within this four-protein complex, JADE1 determines histone H4 substrate specificity of the HBO1-HAT complex. However, the mechanism by which JADE1 controls the H4-specific acetyltransferase activity of HBO1 is unknown. Here we used recombinant proteins <i>in vitro</i> to dissect the specific regions and activities of HBO1 and JADE1 that mediate histone H3-H4 acetylation via the HBO1-HAT domain. We found that JADE1 increases the catalytic efficiency of HBO1 acetylation of an H3-H4 substrate by about 5-fold through an N-terminal, 21-residue HBO1- and histone-binding domain and a nearby second histone core-binding domain. We also demonstrate that HBO1 contains an N-terminal histone-binding domain (HBD) that makes additional contacts with H3-H4 independent of JADE1 interactions with histones and that the HBO1 HBD does not significantly contribute to HBO1's overall HAT activity. Experiments with JADE1 deletions <i>in vivo</i> recapitulated these <i>in vitro</i> interactions and their roles in HBO1 histone acetylation activity. Together, these results indicate that the N-terminal region of JADE1 functions as a platform that brings together the catalytic HBO1 subunit with its cognate H3-H4 substrate for histone acetylation.
Chemoselective Modification of Viral Surfaces via Bioorthogonal Click Chemistry (2012)

The modification of virus particles has received a significant amount of attention for its tremendous potential for impacting gene therapy, oncolytic applications and vaccine development. Current approaches to modifying viral surfaces, which are mostly genetics-based, often suffer from attenuation of virus production, infectivity and cellular transduction. Using chemoselective click chemistry, we have developed a straightforward alternative approach which sidesteps these issues while remaining both highly flexible and accessible. The goal of this protocol is to demonstrate the effectiveness of using bioorthogonal click chemistry to modify the surface of adenovirus type 5 particles. This two-step process can be used both therapeutically or analytically, as it allows for chemoselective ligation of targeting molecules, dyes or other molecules of interest onto proteins pre-labeled with azide tags. The three major advantages of this method are that (1) metabolic labeling demonstrates little to no impact on viral fitness, (2) a wide array of effector ligands can be utilized, and (3) it is remarkably fast, reliable and easy to access. In the first step of this procedure, adenovirus particles are produced bearing either azidohomoalanine (Aha, a methionine surrogate) or the unnatural sugar O-linked N-azidoacetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAz), both of which contain the azide (-N3) functional group. After purification of the azide-modified virus particles, an alkyne probe containing the fluorescent TAMRA moiety is ligated in a chemoselective manner to the pre-labeled proteins or glycoproteins. Finally, an SDS-PAGE analysis is performed to demonstrate the successful ligation of the probe onto the viral capsid proteins. Aha incorporation is shown to label all viral capsid proteins (Hexon, Penton and Fiber), while O-GlcNAz incorporation results in labeling of Fiber only. In this evolving field, multiple methods for azide-alkyne ligation have been successfully developed; however only the two we have found to be most convenient are demonstrated herein - strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) and copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) under deoxygenated atmosphere.
Electro-Absorption Spectroscopy on Poly(Arylene Vinylene)s (1992)

Abstract We report spectrally resolved electroabsorption (EA) measurements on poly(arylene vinylene)s. The materials poly(thienylene vinylene), PTV, and poly(p-phenylene vinylene), PPV, are particularly attactive as they can be prepared from soluble precursors which allow ready fabrication of films. The subsequent thermal conversion of the precursor yields samples with good optical and mechanical properties and environmental stability. Both materials give a strong electro-optic response, an induced change in the optical absorption leading to a refractive index change of order 10or applied electric fields between 25 and 100 kV/cm. The EA signal scales quadratically with applied field and shows an anisotropy of 2. 3 with respect to the polarisation of the incident light at the main peak.
Sustainability in a Hospital-Based Biobank and University-Based DNA Biorepository: Strategic Roadmaps (2015)

Sustainability in the biobanking community has recently become an important and oft-discussed issue as biorepositories struggle to balance limited external funding and complex cost recovery models with high operating costs and the desire to provide the highest quality materials and services to the research community. A multi-faceted view of biobanking sustainability requires consideration of operational and social sustainability in addition to the historical focus exclusively on financial sustainability. Planning and implementing this three pillar model creates a well-rounded biorepository that meets the needs of all the major stakeholders: the funders, the patients/depositors, and the researcher recipients. Often the creation of a detailed business plan is the first step to develop goals and objectives that lead down a path towards sustainability. The definition of sustainability and the complexity of a sustainable business plan may differ for each biorepository. The DNASU Plasmid Repository at Arizona State University stores and distributes DNA plasmids to researchers worldwide, and the Biobank Core Facility at St. Joseph's Hospital and Barrow Neurological Institute consents patients and collects, stores, and distributes human tissue and blood samples. We will discuss these two biorepositories, their similar and different approaches to sustainability and business planning, their challenges in creating and implementing their sustainability plan, and their responses to some of these challenges. From these experiences, the biobanks share lessons learned about planning for sustainability that are applicable to all biorepositories.
Split Archimedean spiral metasurface for controllable GHz asymmetric transmission (2019)

A chiral metasurface, which obtains chirality through a subwavelength artificial structure, is essential for realizing asymmetric transmission in the application of enantioselective sensing, spin-dependent light emission, and other polarization control systems. Here, we studied a split Archimedean spiral metasurface, which can control the propagating wave from asymmetric transmission to symmetric transmission for linear polarized light. As a proof of concept, a dual-band asymmetric transmission is demonstrated in the GHz region using the coupling of the split spiral structures. The maximum asymmetric transmission parameter reaches 53%. By manipulating the height of the split spiral structures using microfluidic technology, a broadband asymmetric transmission is obtained with the bandwidth of 25.9%. Meanwhile, the asymmetric transmission can be controlled from 50% to 0%, enabling the propagation wave from asymmetric transmission to symmetric transmission. Furthermore, the asymmetric transmission is maintained when the metasurface is bent into different curvatures, promising high potential applications for optical isolation, one-way glass, and optical interconnects.
PTEROATE-PEPTIDE BIOCONJUGATE TARGETING THE FOLATE RECEPTOR IN HUMAN OVARIAN CANCER CELL LINES: TRANSPORT AND MECHANISM OF ACTION. (2013)

Objectives The over-expression of thymidylate synthase (TS) and of the other folate cycle enzymes, is one of the mechanisms of resistance to cisplatin (cDDP) encountered in most of resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines, accounting for the more efficient DNA repair and synthesis. Oligopeptides were designed to inhibit TS activity by interfering with its dimerization. Among these, the LR octapeptide showed cell growth inhibitory activity against two cisplatin-sensitive human ovarian cancer cell lines. To improve the intracellular delivery of LR, we designed a bioconjugate with folic acid (FA-LR), which enters cell by exploiting the folate receptor alpha (FRα)-mediated endocytosis. Methods -Cell lines. The human ovarian cancer cell lines OAW28, COV504, IGROV-1, TOV112D, 2008, C13*, A2780 and A2780/CP. -Real Time PCR of FRα mRNA . -Flow cytometric analysis of FRα cell surface expression -Folic acid surface binding studies. -Uptake studies Results Real Time PCR, western blot analysis and folic acid surface binding assay indicate that IGROV-1 and OAW28 cells show high expression levels of FRα, while TOV112D, 2008 and 2008/C13* almost don't express FRα on their cell surface. The folate bioconjugate FA-LR blocked competitively the binding of [3H]Folic acid to FR and consequently its cellular uptake. FA-LR is detected in the cell and its stability evaluated. Conclusions The chemical modification of the folate with the LR drug motif only minimally altered the intrinsic affinity the biocongiugate for FR and suggest that the pteroate-peptide conjugate exploits FR as a substrate for its internalization. Cytotoxicity of the bioconjugate will be presented.
A ray tracing based stochastic human blockage model for the IEEE 802.11ad 60 GHz channel model (2011)

This paper presents the human blockage model based on the authors' work in the framework of the IEEE 802.11ad 60 GHz channel model development. The human blockage model combines ray tracing simulations, an electromagnetic diffraction model and a random walk model for human movement. In addition to the stochastic model the impact of human blockage on wireless communications is analyzed.
Induction of hyporesponsiveness to an early post‐binding effect of tumor necrosis factor by tumor necrosis factor itself and interleukin 1 (1991)

Modulation of cellular responsiveness to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) was studied in the human SV-80 cells. A marked cytocidal effect is exhibited by these cells at about 4 to 8 h after application of TNF together with protein synthesis inhibitors. Sensitivity of the cells to TNF toxicity was shown to be markedly decreased following their pretreatment with TNF itself or with interleukin (IL) 1 in the absence of protein synthesis inhibitors. The SV-80 cells respond to TNF also with enhanced phosphorylation of the small heat-shock protein, HSP27. This TNF effect is much more rapid than the cytocidal effect; it is observed within minutes of TNF application. The response to this effect, just like the response to the cytocidal effect, is markedly decreased following preexposure of the cells to either TNF or IL 1. Responsiveness to both effects of TNF is regained at the same time, about 15 to 20 h following removal of TNF or IL 1. The decrease in responsiveness after pretreatment with TNF or IL 1 does not reflect an inability of the pretreated cells to bind TNF. Although there is an initial decrease in TNF binding after such pretreatment, it is fully reversed already about 5 h following removal of the cytokines. The rate of uptake of TNF by the pretreated cells is also normal. In view of the rapidity of the effect of TNF on the phosphorylation of HSP27, it seems likely that the observed hyporesponsiveness reflects impairment of an early step in a signaling pathway, perhaps common to both the stimulation of phosphorylation and the induction of cell death by TNF. By restricting the duration of the effects of TNF this desensitization mechanism may safeguard against harmful consequences of these effects.
Contact Laser Vaporization Techniques for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (1995)

Contact laser applications for the relief of bladder outlet obstruction caused by an enlarged prostate are different from the noncontact Nd:YAG laser methods. The noncontact techniques rely on coagulation necrosis or high power-density vaporization. The pure contact Nd:YAG laser allows cutting, coagulation, and vaporization of tissue with minimal penetration beyond the contact surface. In the contact laser prostatectomy technique, the laser probe directly touches and vaporizes the prostatic tissue. This results in immediate removal of the obstructing tissue, in a manner similar to the standard electrosurgical transurethral resection (TURP), and offers the patient the potential for decreased catheter time and a more rapid resolution of symptoms. Our initial experience suggests that the contact technique (contact laser ablation of the prostate or CLAP) may be better suited for the smaller prostate gland (i.e., less than 20-30 g). For prostates larger than 30 g, a newly described procedure known as coagulation and hemostatic resection of the prostate (CHRP) can be used. This method combines initial noncontact coagulation of the prostate with vaporization of a channel. The goal of CHRP is to allow more rapid removal of the catheter with a continued improvement in urine flow secondary to the coagulation effects. The contact laser is specifically designed to vaporize tissue such as the prostate and allows immediate observation of a TUR defect. Improvements in the delivery system and in the size of the contact laser probes have made CLAP a useful modality for the treatment of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Deeplistener: harnessing expected utility to guide clarification dialog in spoken language systems (2000)

We describe research on endowing spoken language systems with the ability to consider the cost of misrecognition, and using that knowledge to guide clarification dialog about a user’s intentions. Our approach relies on coupling utility-directed policies for dialog with the ongoing Bayesian fusion of evidence obtained from multiple utterances recognized during an interaction. After describing the methodology, we review the operation of a prototype system called DeepListener. DeepListener considers evidence gathered about utterances over time to make decisions about the optimal dialog strategy or realworld action to take given uncertainties about a user’s intentions and the costs and benefits of different outcomes.
A Convergent Synthesis of Enantiopure Open-Chain, Cyclic, and Fluorinated α-Amino Acids (2016)

A radical based synthesis of a broad variety of protected enantiopure α-amino acids, including fluorinated derivatives, is described. The radical addition furnishes naturally latent mercapto-α-amino acids ideally equipped for native chemical ligation.