gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mycosis fungoides involving the central nervous system. (1986)

The clinical records of nine patients, followed at the University of Chicago, with mycosis fungoides (MF) and neurologic deficits due to direct CNS involvement were reviewed. Lymph node and visceral involvement was present in all patients. Clinical findings included cranial nerve deficits in four patients, altered mental status in eight, gait disturbances in three, and leg weakness in one. Helpful diagnostic studies included lumbar puncture with CSF cytology, computerized tomography (CT) brain scans, brain biopsy, and myelogram. Two patients, who were treated with radiation therapy (RT), survived 14 and 40 weeks, respectively. Survival of less than 4 weeks limited treatment in the other patients. Autopsies were performed on six patients and revealed meningeal infiltration and perivascular infiltration of the brain. In addition, the cerebral parenchyma was infiltrated in one patient and a lymphomatous tumor was found in the brainstem of another. We conclude that the varied clinical and pathologic features of CNS involvement with mycosis fungoides resemble those seen in leukemias and other lymphoproliferative disorders. Better awareness of the clinical features may permit earlier diagnosis and initiation of therapy.
Thermodynamic Stability of Buta-1,3-diene and But-1-ene on Pd(111) and (100) Surfaces under H2 Pressure: A DFT Study (2011)

Experimental studies suggest that hydrogenation reactions on metal catalysts are sensitive to the structure and reaction conditions. In the present work, the interactions of buta-1,3-diene and but-1-ene molecules with Pd(111) and Pd(100) surfaces in the presence of hydrogen were investigated as a function of the temperature and of the pressures of the three molecules. For that purpose, we used periodic density functional theory calculations coupled to a thermodynamic model, to establish thermodynamic diagrams for the three molecules on the two surfaces. Under typical reaction conditions, both Pd(111) and Pd(100) surfaces are covered by at least one hydrogen monolayer, and surface hydride for Pd(100). On both surfaces, the impact of hydrogen on the adsorption modes and stability of the hydrocarbons was quantified. In particular, the monolayer of hydrogen destabilizes butadiene on Pd(111) but not on Pd(100). Moreover, the quantification of adsorption competitions between hydrogen and butadiene or butene shows that the affinity for both molecules is higher on Pd(100) than on Pd(111). The adsorption of hydrocarbons on hydrogenated surfaces infers a free energy cost, which is found to be larger on Pd(111) than on Pd(100). The results are discussed in comparison with experimental data.
ChemInform Abstract: Concise Synthesis of Conformationally Constrained Pybox Ligands. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photodetachment and photodissociation studies of semiconductor cluster ions (1986)

We have recently developed an ion source which is capable of producing both positive and negative semiconductor cluster ions cooled by supersonic expansion. Ions of a particular mass are selected and studied by laser photodetachment and photodissociation followed by time-of-flight mass analysis. The electron affinities (EA) of several semiconductor clusters have been measured by photodetachment threshold measurements on their negative ions. For GaAs clusters, an even/odd size alternation in EA is observed as in the ionization potentials of the neutrals, supporting the suggestion that the neutral even clusters have fully paired singlet ground states with no dangling bonds. 1,2 Photodissociation studies reveal that negative silicon and germanium cluster ions fragment predominantly into 6-11 atom size clusters with 6-10 being the favorite fragmentation daughters.
The Parent Borylene: Betwixt and Between (2012)

Schwer greifbar: Es wurde vorgeschlagen, dass die Reduktion von Dimethylimidazol-2-yliden-dichloroboran durch Natriumnaphthalenid ein Borylen liefert, das unter Bildung eines Borirans an Naphthalin cycloaddiert. Nun werden Beweise vorgelegt, dass dieses Boriran stattdessen aus der Kupplung eines Borylradikals mit Natriumnaphthalenid entsteht. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
CANOPIC: Pre-Digital Privacy-Enhancing Encodings for Computer Vision (2020)

The standard pipeline for many vision tasks uses a conventional camera to capture an image that is then passed to a digital processor for information extraction. In some deployments, such as private locations, the captured digital imagery contains sensitive information exposed to digital vulnerabilities such as spyware, Trojans, etc. However, in many applications, the full imagery is unnecessary for the vision task at hand. In this paper we propose an optical and analog system that preprocesses the light from the scene before it reaches the digital imager to destroy sensitive information. We explore analog and optical encodings consisting of easily implementable operations such as convolution, pooling, and quantization. We perform a case study to evaluate how such encodings can destroy face identity information while preserving enough information for face detection. The encoding parameters are learned via an alternating optimization scheme based on adversarial learning with deep neural networks. We name our system CAnOPIC (Camera with Analog and Optical Privacy-Integrating Computations) and show that it has better performance in terms of both privacy and utility than conventional optical privacy-enhancing methods such as blurring and pixelation.
A Biomechanical Comparison of Open and Thoracoscopic Anterior Spinal Release in a Goat Model (1998)

Open and thoracoscopic anterior release and discectomy have been demonstrated, through biomechanical in vitro testing, to increase the flexibility of the spine to a similar extent.
Immunophenotypic correlates and response to first-line pembrolizumab among elderly patients with PD-L1-high (≥ 50%) non–small cell lung cancer. (2022)

9054 Background: Older age is associated with increased levels of systemic inflammation and altered immunosurveillance in cancer. Whether aging correlates with a distinct immunophenotype or impacts clinical outcomes to first-line pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and a PD-L1 tumor proportion score (TPS) of ≥50% is unclear. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with NSCLC. Multiplexed immunofluorescence (mIF) for CD8+, PD-1+, PD-1+CD8+ and FOXP3+ was performed to explore tumor immunophenotype. Clinical outcomes were analyzed on a separate cohort of patients with PD-L1-high (TPS of ≥50%) NSCLC (negative for sensitizing genomic alterations in EGFR and ALK) who received treatment with first-line pembrolizumab. Variables demonstrating a univariate signal of association of p &lt; 0.1 were included in the multivariate model. The results were compared in patients &lt; 80 vs ≥80 years old. Results: Among 541 patients with NSCLCs profiled by mIF, the median age was 67 (28-90). When comparing patients &lt; 80y (n = 497) to ≥80y (n = 44), there was no difference in median CD8+ T cells/mm2 (171 vs 148; p = 0.69), PD-1+ immune cells/mm2 (81.1 vs 87.2; p = 0.95), or PD-1+CD8+ T cells/mm2 (18.0 vs 13.1; p = 0.56). NSCLCs from patients ≥80y had a higher median of intratumoral-associated FOXP3+ T cells/mm2 (63.6 vs 91.1; p = 0.03). In a cohort of 271 patients with PD-L1 ≥50% who received first-line pembrolizumab, baseline clinicopathological characteristics were balanced in the &lt; 80y (n = 225) vs ≥80y (n = 46) groups in terms of sex, tobacco use, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group-Performance Status (ECOG-PS), histology, presence of potentially targetable driver mutations (KRAS, MET, BRAF, HER2, RET), and PD-L1 TPS distribution (50-89% vs ≥90%). Compared to patients &lt; 80y, patients ≥80y had no difference in objective response rate (ORR 39.1% vs 28.2%; p = 0.22) or median progression-free survival (mPFS 6.0 vs 3.0 months; p = 0.16). However, patients ≥80y had a shorter median overall survival (mOS 25.7 vs 7.6 months; p = 0.02), and this result remained significant after adjusting for ECOG-PS. Among those who experienced disease progression on pembrolizumab, patients ≥80y were significantly less likely to receive any second-line systemic therapy compared to patients &lt; 80y (55.6% vs 30.8%; p = 0.008). Conclusions: In patients with NSCLC and PD-L1 ≥50%, the ORR and mPFS to first-line pembrolizumab were similar between patients &lt; vs ≥80 years old. OS was shorter among patients ≥80y, potentially reflecting lower use of second-line therapy in elderly patients after progression on pembrolizumab. The immunophenotypic correlates of NSCLC in older patients need further investigation.
Machine Learning-based Signal Detection for PMH Signals in Load-modulated MIMO Systems (2021)

Phase Modulation on the Hypersphere (PMH) is a power efficient modulation scheme for the load-modulated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) transmitters with central power amplifiers (CPA). However, it is difficult to obtain the precise channel state information (CSI), and the traditional optimal maximum likelihood (ML) detection scheme incurs high complexity which increases exponentially with the number of transmitting antennas and the number of bits carried per antenna in the PMH modulation. To detect the PMH signals without knowing the prior CSI, we first propose a signal detection scheme, termed as the hypersphere clustering scheme based on the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm with maximum likelihood detection (HEM-ML). By leveraging machine learning, the proposed detection scheme can accurately obtain information of the channel from a few of the received symbols with little resource cost and achieve comparable detection results as that of the optimal ML detector. To further reduce the computational complexity in the ML detection in HEM-ML, we also propose the second signal detection scheme, termed as the hypersphere clustering scheme based on the EM algorithm with KD-tree detection (HEM-KD). The CSI obtained from the EM algorithm is used to build a spatial KD-tree receiver codebook and the signal detection problem can be transformed into a nearest neighbor search (NNS) problem. The detection complexity of HEM-KD is significantly reduced without any detection performance loss as compared to HEM-ML. Extensive simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed detection schemes.
Electrochemical‐Calorimetric Studies of Lithium‐Ion Cells (1998)

An accelerated rate calorimeter in combination with a battery cycler and a precision multimeter was used to measure the heat dissipation from, and heat accumulated in, commercially available lithium‐ion cells during cycling over a range of operating parameters within the limits recommended by the manufacturer. An integral energy balance was used to determine the total heat generated in the test cell during cycling. From the measurements during temperature transients, the heat capacity of the test cell was found to be relatively independent of temperature, ranging from 0.82 to 1.07 J g−1 K−1. This value agrees relatively well with separate measurements using an adiabatic calorimeter which yield slightly higher values. DC current interruption technique was used to determine the time‐dependent area‐specific impedance, 〈ASIt 〉, of the cell which was well correlated with steeply increased heat dissipation rate at the end of discharge. The reversible (entropic) heat effect derived from an energy balance was found to be exothermic during discharge and endothermic during charge. Using two different methods, values were obtained for the entropy of reaction (ΔS) during discharge of the cell. The resulting values obtained with method II, depending on the discharge rate, varied from −41.19 to −80.98 J K−1 per g mole of Li and showed a weak dependence on temperature, in the 35 to 55°C range. The rate dependence of the ΔS values needs further examination in a future study. By extrapolating to zero rate, the reversible entropy of the faradaic reaction for this cell was found to be per g mole of Li within the temperature range. The entropic heat effect and the heat effect associated with nonfaradaic reactions are appreciable and should be included in thermal modeling.
A New Impact Factor: the Upward Momentum Continues (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTA New Impact Factor: the Upward Momentum ContinuesCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2014, 5, 8, 616Publication Date (Web):August 20, 2014Publication History Published online20 August 2014Published inissue 20 August 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cn500164uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cn500164ueditorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views2352Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (119 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical neuroscience,Neuroscience,Quality management Get e-Alerts
Perk-Dependent Translational Regulation Promotes Tumor Cell Adaptation and Angiogenesis in Response to Hypoxic Stress (2006)

It has been well established that the tumor microenvironment can promote tumor cell adaptation and survival. However, the mechanisms that influence malignant progression have not been clearly elucidated. We have previously demonstrated that cells cultured under hypoxic/anoxic conditions and transformed cells in hypoxic areas of tumors activate a translational control program known as the integrated stress response (ISR). Here, we show that tumors derived from K-Ras-transformed Perk(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) are smaller and exhibit less angiogenesis than tumors with an intact ISR. Furthermore, Perk promotes a tumor microenvironment that favors the formation of functional microvessels. These observations were corroborated by a microarray analysis of polysome-bound RNA in aerobic and hypoxic Perk(+/+) and Perk(-/-) MEFs. This analysis revealed that a subset of proangiogenic transcripts is preferentially translated in a Perk-dependent manner; these transcripts include VCIP, an adhesion molecule that promotes cellular adhesion, integrin binding, and capillary morphogenesis. Taken with the concomitant Perk-dependent translational induction of additional proangiogenic genes identified by our microarray analysis, this study suggests that Perk plays a role in tumor cell adaptation to hypoxic stress by regulating the translation of angiogenic factors necessary for the development of functional microvessels and further supports the contention that the Perk pathway could be an attractive target for novel antitumor modalities.
Optimal Selection of Equivalence Factors for ECMS in Mild Hybrid Electric Vehicles (2021)

Abstract The increasing stringent emissions regulation over the years have shifted the focus of automotive industry towards more efficient fuel economy solutions. One such solution is Hybrid electric architecture, which is able to improve the fuel economy and consequently cutting down emissions. A well known control strategy to solve optimization problem for energy management of Hybrid electric vehicles is ECMS (Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy). Finding the best control parameters (equivalence factors) of this strategy may become quite involved. This paper proposes a method for the selection of the optimal equivalence factors, for charging and discharging, by applying genetic algorithm in the case of a P0 mild hybrid electric vehicle. This method is a systematic and deterministic way to guarantee an optimal solution with respect to the trial and error method. The proposed ECMS is compared to a technique available in literature, known as the shooting method, which relies only on one equivalence factor for discharging. It is demonstrated that the performance in terms of pollutant emissions are comparable. However, ECMS with GA always guarantees an optimal solution even in the case of heavy accessory load, when shooting method is not valid anymore, as it does not guarantee a charge sustaining condition.
A strategy to identify human monoclonal antibodies that neutralize a broad spectrum of influenza A subtypes (38.12) (2010)

Abstract Influenza A continues to be a serious public health threat as it continuously evolves to evade and escape immune surveillance through genetic drift, shift, and re-assortment. Hemagglutinin (HA) is the main glycoprotein target of the humoral immune response and elicits protective, neutralizing, antibodies during infection. However, these antibodies are usually specific for the influenza subtype causing infection and exhibit a narrow spectrum of protectiveness. To date, many of the influenza-neutralizing monoclonal antibodies described are cross-specific for subtypes H1 and H5 but do not neutralize subtypes H3 or H7. Therefore, we have designed an approach to survey the human B cell repertoire to identify monoclonal antibodies that neutralize influenza viruses of both the H1 and H3 subtypes. Our strategy is to identify humans that have broadly reactive serum antibodies, culture IgG+ memory B cells from these individuals at near clonal density, and then assay the culture supernatants for the presence of antibodies that neutralize both H1 and H3 influenza subtypes. By combining functional and binding assays we will determine if there exist in nature highly conserved neutralizing epitopes that are represented on most or all of the influenza HA subtypes tested.
Performance analysis of direction finding with large arrays and finite data (1995)

This paper considers analysis of methods for estimating the parameters of narrow-band signals arriving at an array of sensors. This problem has important applications in, for instance, radar direction finding and underwater source localization. The so-called deterministic and stochastic maximum likelihood (ML) methods are the main focus of this paper. A performance analysis is carried out assuming a finite number of samples and that the array is composed of a sufficiently large number of sensors. Several thousands of antennas are not uncommon in, e.g., radar applications. Strong consistency of the parameter estimates is proved, and the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimation error is derived. Unlike the previously studied large sample case, the present analysis shows that the accuracy is the same for the two ML methods. Furthermore, the asymptotic covariance matrix of the estimation error coincides with the deterministic Cramer-Rao bound. Under a certain assumption, the ML methods can be implemented by means of conventional beamforming for a large enough number of sensors. We also include a simple simulation study, which indicates that both ML methods provide efficient estimates for very moderate array sizes, whereas the beamforming method requires a somewhat larger array aperture to overcome the inherent bias and resolution problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
An automated strategy for the processing and analysis of distribution automation data (1991)

Recent installations of distribution automation technology have made it possible to monitor a number of locations in the distribution system on a continuous long-term basis. Unfortunately, due to the resulting volume of distribution automation data, it is difficult and time-consuming for humans to analyze these data effectively. The authors describe automated strategies for the analysis of these data that will lead to more effective uses of this information for improving upon operating, planning, and design practices. To do this, a novel approach for automating the management of distribution data was designed, and a prototype was implemented. The resulting program, TAME, uses a combination of procedural and knowledge-based programming techniques to sift through the real-time data with the purpose of identifying patterns or trends which characterize the performance of the distribution system. Examples pertaining to volt/Var control and alarm processing are employed to illustrate the benefits of automated data processing and analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Side-To-Side Nerve Bridges Support Donor Axon Regeneration Into Chronically Denervated Nerves and Are Associated With Characteristic Changes in Schwann Cell Phenotype (2015)

This study describes patterns of donor axon regeneration and myelination in the denervated recipient nerve stump and supports a mechanism where these donor axons sustain a proregenerative state to prevent deterioration in the face of chronic denervation.
Mucosal delivery of a multistage subunit vaccine promotes development of lung-resident memory T cells and affords interleukin-17-dependent protection against pulmonary tuberculosis (2020)

The development of effective vaccines against bacterial lung infections requires the induction of protective, pathogen-specific immune responses without deleterious inflammation within the pulmonary environment. Here, we made use of a polysaccharide-adjuvanted vaccine approach to elicit resident pulmonary T cells to protect against aerosol Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Intratracheal administration of the multistage fusion protein CysVac2 and the delta-inulin adjuvant Advax™ (formulated with a TLR9 agonist) provided superior protection against aerosol M. tuberculosis infection in mice, compared to parenteral delivery. Surprisingly, removal of the TLR9 agonist did not impact vaccine protection despite a reduction in cytokine-secreting T cell subsets, particularly CD4<sup>+</sup>IFN-γ<sup>+</sup>IL-2<sup>+</sup>TNF<sup>+</sup> multifunctional T cells. CysVac2/Advax-mediated protection was associated with the induction of lung-resident, antigen-specific memory CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells that expressed IL-17 and RORγT, the master transcriptional regulator of Th17 differentiation. IL-17 was identified as a key mediator of vaccine efficacy, with blocking of IL-17 during M. tuberculosis challenge reducing phagocyte influx, suppressing priming of pathogen-specific CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells in local lymph nodes and ablating vaccine-induced protection. These findings suggest that tuberculosis vaccines such as CysVac2/Advax that are capable of eliciting Th17 lung-resident memory T cells are promising candidates for progression to human trials.