gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Space data storage systems and technologies (1994)

The acquisition and transmission from space to Earth of data is the central part of many space missions. A data storage subsystem, based on a data storage technology, is typically used to buffer data from the spacecraft and its instruments before data are returned to Earth. Because of requirements, constraints, and the design of the mission, the selection of the appropriate data storage technology for this function is based on many considerations, such as reliability, readiness, availability, mass, volume, power consumption, capacity, data rate, nonvolatility, environmental stability, radiation insensitivity, vibration insensitivity, data management flexibility, and cost, among others. Issues are reviewed for space data storage technologies, including magnetic tape recording and solid-state memories, for past, present, and future missions, such as Voyager, Cassini, and Pluto Flyby.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Multifunctional Nanotube Polymer Nanocomposites for Aerospace Applications: Adhesion between SWCNT and Polymer Matrix (2008)

Multifunctional structural materials can enable a novel design space for advanced aerospace structures. A promising route to multifunctionality is the use of nanotubes possessing the desired combination of properties to enhance the characteristics of structural polymers. Recent nanotube-polymer nanocomposite studies have revealed that these materials have the potential to provide structural integrity as well as sensing and/or actuation capabilities. Judicious selection or modification of the polymer matrix to promote donor acceptor and/or dispersion interactions can improve adhesion at the interface between the nanotubes and the polymer matrix significantly. The effect of nanotube incorporation on the modulus and toughness of the polymer matrix will be presented. Very small loadings of single wall nanotubes in a polyimide matrix yield an effective sensor material that responds to strain, stress, pressure, and temperature. These materials also exhibit significant actuation in response to applied electric fields. The objective of this work is to demonstrate that physical properties of multifunctional material systems can be tailored for specific applications by controlling nanotube treatment (different types of nanotubes), concentration, and degree of alignment.
Tomorrow’s Packaging – Chip Scale Packaging vs Flip Chip (1997)

The electronics packaging industry is debating whether CSP, Chip Scale Packaging, or flip chip is going to become the major alternative for future products. The user wants more functionality and portability at an ever increasing speed and the need for denser packaging is becoming urgent. The issue of acquiring adequate circuit boards is pressing. However, the comparison between CSP and flip chip is not straightforward, since many CSPs are really flip chips in small packages. CSPs therefore, do not compare with flip chip on board but with packaged die.
Wasserstein Generative Learning with Kinematic Constraints for Probabilistic Interactive Driving Behavior Prediction (2019)

Since prediction plays a significant role in enhancing the performance of decision making and planning procedures, the requirement of advanced methods of prediction becomes urgent. Although many literatures propose methods to make prediction on a single agent, there is still a challenging and open problem on how to make prediction for multi-agent systems. In this work, by leveraging the power of statistics and information theory, we propose a novel deep latent variable model based on Wasserstein auto-encoder, which is able to learn a complex probabilistic distribution. Models such as neural networks cannot guarantee the satisfaction of dynamic system constraints directly. Therefore, we also propose a novel generative model structure to enable our approach to satisfy the kinematic constraints automatically. We test our model on both numerical examples and a real-world application to demonstrate its accuracy and efficiency. The results show that the proposed model achieves a better prediction accuracy than the other state-of-the-art methods under common evaluation metrics. Moreover, we introduce statistics to evaluate if the generative model literally learns the interaction patterns between different agents in the environments.
An integrated framework for the assembly oriented product design and optimization (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Target Selection for Tracking in Multifunction Radar Networks: Nash and Correlated Equilibria (2018)

We consider a target selection problem for multitarget tracking in a multifunction radar network from a game-theoretic perspective. The problem is formulated as a noncooperative game. The radars are considered to be players in this game with utilities modeled using a proper tracking accuracy criterion and their strategies are the observed targets whose number is known. Initially, for the problem of coordination, the Nash equilibria are characterized and, in order to find equilibria points, a distributed algorithm based on the best response dynamics is proposed. Afterward, the analysis is extended to the case of partial target observability and radar connectivity and heterogeneous interests among radars. The solution concept of correlated equilibria is employed and a distributed algorithm based on the regret matching is proposed. The proposed algorithms are shown to perform well compared to the centralized approach of significantly higher complexity.
A biopsy-based quick test in the diagnosis of duodenal hypolactasia in upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (2006)

The Quick Lactase Test effectively identifies patients with severe duodenal hypolactasia. In comparison with CC (adult-type hypolactasia) and TT individuals (normolactasia), the sensitivity and specificity of the Quick Lactase Test result was 100 %. In comparison with biochemical lactase assays, the sensitivity and specificity of a negative Quick Lactase Test for indicating hypolactasia (lactase activity < 10 U/g protein) were 95 % (95 % CI, 87 - 100 %) and 100 %, respectively.
Reductive elimination of a carbon-carbon bond from bis(trialkylphosphine)-3,3-dimethylplatinacyclobutanes produces bis(trialkylphosphine)platinum(0) and 1,1-dimethylcyclopropane (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive elimination of a carbon-carbon bond from bis(trialkylphosphine)-3,3-dimethylplatinacyclobutanes produces bis(trialkylphosphine)platinum(0) and 1,1-dimethylcyclopropaneRobert DiCosimo and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 13, 3601–3607Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00377a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00377a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views320Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tissue distribution and processing of proSAAS by proprotein convertases (2001)

The conversion of inactive precursor proteins into bioactive neuropeptides and peptide hormones involves regulated secretory proteins such as prohormone convertases PC1 and PC2. The neuroendocrine protein 7B2 represents a specific binding protein for PC2, and the protein proSAAS, which interacts with PC1, exhibits certain structural and functional homologies with 7B2. With the intention of better understanding the physiological role of proSAAS and its derived peptides, we investigated its tissue localization using a new radioimmunoassay (RIA) to a C-terminal proSAAS-derived peptide. Immunoreactivity corresponding to this SAAS-derived peptide is mostly localized to the brain and gut. Analysis of the brain distribution of the proSAAS-derived peptides indicates that the hypothalamus and pituitary are the two richest areas, consistent with the previously described high expression of PC1 in these two areas. In order to investigate the cleavage of proSAAS by prohormone convertases, we incubated recombinant His-tagged proSAAS with recombinant mouse proPC2 or furin, separated the cleavage products using high-pressure gel permeation chromatography and analyzed the products by RIA. Our results indicate that either PC2 or furin can accomplish in vitro rapid removal and efficient internal processing of the C-terminal peptide, exposing the inhibitory hexapeptide to possible further digestion by carboxypeptidases. Finally, we also studied proSAAS processing in the brains of wild-type and PC2 null mice and found that proSAAS is efficiently processed in vivo. Whereas the C-terminal peptide is mostly internally cleaved in wild-type mouse brain, it is not processed as efficiently in the brain of PC2 null mice, suggesting that PC2 is partially responsible for this cleavage in vivo.
Michellamines D−F, New HIV-Inhibitory Dimeric Naphthylisoquinoline Alkaloids, and Korupensamine E, a New Antimalarial Monomer, from Ancistrocladus korupensis (1997)

New monomeric (korupensamine E, 6) and dimeric (michellamines D-F, 7-9) naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids have been isolated from exracts of the tropical liana Ancistrocladus korupensis. Structures were determined by spectroanalytical methods, and stereochemistry was defined through NOE correlations, chemical degradation, and CD spectroscopy. Michellamines D-F exhibited in vitro HIV-inhibitory activity comparable to michellamine B, and korupensamine E exhibited in vitro antimalarial activity comparable to korupensamines A-D.
Association of the anti-hen egg lysozyme antibody HyHEL-5 with avian species variant and mutant lysozymes (1997)

The energetics of association of the murine anti-hen egg lysozyme antibody HyHEL-5 with bobwhite quail lysozyme, California quail lysozyme, and the Arg45-->Lys mutant of hen egg lysozyme was characterized by isothermal titration calorimetry. The association of each lysozyme with HyHEL-5 is enthalpically driven in the temperature range 10 degrees C to 37 degrees C. The calorimetric results indicate that the salt-links between Arg45 and Arg68 of hen egg lysozyme and GluH50 on the HyHEL-5 paratope are energetically important in HyHEL-5/HEL association. In contrast to previous studies, the results suggest that the three characteristic 'quail' mutations affect the energetics of antibody/antigen association, even though they are buried and not in direct contact with the antibody.
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling of 2,6‐Disubstituted Purines to Ribose‐Modified Sugars (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Role of Neurotrophin-Trk Interactions in Oncology: The Anti-tumor Efficacy of Potent and Selective Trk Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Pre-Clinical Tumor Models (1999)

The increasing knowledge of the pathogenic mechanisms involved in cancer cell growth has enabled the implementation of mechanism based drug design approaches rather than the more conventional nonspecific approaches. Drugs that interfere with cellular signal transduction pathways are currently a major focus in development of newer therapeutic technologies in oncology. The therapeutic utility of potent and selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors in oncologic applications has become widely recognized for several years, however targeting neurotrophin receptors as a molecular target driven approach has only recently been realized. This review presents the hypothesis of the neurotrophin-trk receptors as a viable molecular target for medicinal chemical intervention in tumor biology, followed by an overview of the pre-clinical studies which culminated in the advancement of the first potent trk tyrosine kinase inhibitor CEP-2563 (KT-8391), and the orally active K -252a analog, CEP-701 (KT-5555) into clinical evaluation.
Artificial turbulence for imaging and wave propagation : 20-21 July 1998, San Diego, California (1998)

This collection of papers provides a forum for the exchange of information on topics related to artificial turbulence for imaging and wave propagation. It includes computer simulations, methods of generating turbulence, and dynamic measurement and correction of severely aberrated large optics.
Is aspirin associated with diabetic retinopathy? The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease (SEED) study (2017)

Aspirin use was not significantly associated with DR but might be an indicator of diabetic complications (CVD, CKD) that were co-present with more severe DR type. Future longitudinal studies are warranted to confirm our findings.
Synergies between plant antioxidant blends in preventing peroxidation reactions in model and food oil systems (2000)

Abstract A study was conducted to investigate the oxidative behavior of various mixtures of rosemary, sage, and citric acid in a linoleic acid model system by oxygen consumption measurement and in a palm olein system by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Response surface methodology was used to optimize the use of the mixtures. Results showed that rosemary and sage were two important factors for the protective index (PI). The two antioxidants were highly significantly ( P &lt;0.001) in influencing PI values. There was a significant ( P &lt;0.01) synergistic effect between rosemary and sage on PI values. Citric acid was also found to be significant ( P &lt;0.05) for PI. With respect to onset time ( T o ), all three antioxidants were significant ( P &lt;0.05). However, no significant interaction among antioxidants was found for T o . Mathematical models for both PI and T o could be developed with confidence. The R 2 values for PI and T o were 0.992 and 0.926, respectively. A combination of 0.078% rosemary, 0.067% sage and 0.037% citric acid was the optimal combination for PI, whereas a combination of 0.068% rosemary, 0.075% sage, and 0.039% citric acid was required to reach the optimal T o value.
Data from Rb Loss Is Characteristic of Prostatic Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is likely to become increasingly common with recent advances in pharmacologic androgen suppression. Thus, developing molecular markers of small cell differentiation in prostate cancer will be important to guide the diagnosis and therapy of this aggressive tumor.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We examined the status of &lt;i&gt;RB1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;PTEN&lt;/i&gt; in prostatic small cell and acinar carcinomas via immunohistochemistry (IHC), copy-number alteration analysis, and sequencing of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We found retinoblastoma (Rb) protein loss in 90% of small cell carcinoma cases (26 of 29) with &lt;i&gt;RB1&lt;/i&gt; allelic loss in 85% of cases (11 of 13). Of acinar tumors occurring concurrently with prostatic small cell carcinoma, 43% (3 of 7) showed Rb protein loss. In contrast, only 7% of primary high-grade acinar carcinomas (10 of 150), 11% of primary acinar carcinomas with neuroendocrine differentiation (4 of 35), and 15% of metastatic castrate-resistant acinar carcinomas (2 of 13) showed Rb protein loss. Loss of PTEN protein was seen in 63% of small cell carcinomas (17 of 27), with 38% (5 of 13) showing allelic loss. By IHC, accumulation of p53 was observed in 56% of small cell carcinomas (14 of 25), with 60% of cases (6 of 10) showing &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Loss of &lt;i&gt;RB1&lt;/i&gt; by deletion is a common event in prostatic small cell carcinoma and can be detected by a validated IHC assay. As Rb protein loss rarely occurs in high-grade acinar tumors, these data suggest that Rb loss is a critical event in the development of small cell carcinomas and may be a useful diagnostic and potential therapeutic target. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 20(4); 890–903. ©2013 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Dual Field Communication Scheme for UHF (860–960 MHz) Gen2 RFID Chip (2011)

The proposed UHF Gen2 RFID chip expands its applications to both FFC and NFC through dual field communication scheme with the dual antenna ports. An RF front end circuit with dual field communication antenna ports and the embedded FeRAM technology on the passive UHF Gen2 RFID chip enables the excellent operating performances and the low cost chip for the tag chip applications from the item level to pallet. The metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) capacitor, which is the replacement capacitor device for metal-insulator-metal (MIM) or poly-insulator-poly (PIP), is composed of the ferroelectric material as a dielectric insulator. The MFM capacitor is made simultaneously during the FeRAM memory cell process integration without any additional process integration cost. The MFM capacitor of PZT with the thickness of 0.15μm has the high capacitance value of 20–40 fF at unit μm2 area size. The MFM can be stacked over the CMOS layout area, which saves dramatically the capacitor layout area. The MFM capacitor also has the high breakdown voltage at the thickness of 0.15 μm, which enhances the reliability in the surging electrostatic discharge (ESD) current into the dual antenna ports. The pumping capacitors of the multi-stage voltage pump are composed of the multiple MFM capacitors of the capacitance value of the element device of 1–2 pF. The reservoir capacitors of the VDD power line also are composed of the MFM capacitors with the total capacitance value of 500–1000 pF. The rectification diode device is composed of the near zero threshold voltage NMOS (ZNMOS) transistor with a threshold voltage level of 0.1–0.2 V.
EEG Alpha Power and Pupil Diameter Reflect Endogenous Auditory Attention Switching and Listening Effort (2021)

Abstract Auditory attention describes a listeners focus on an acoustic source while they ignore other competing sources that might be present. In an environment with multiple talkers and background noise (i.e. the cocktail party effect), auditory attention can be difficult, requiring the listener to expend measurable cognitive effort. A listener will naturally interrupt sustained attention on a source when switching towards another source during conversation. This change in attention is potentially even more taxing than maintaining sustained attention due to the limits of human working memory, and this additional effort required has not been well studied. In this work, we evaluated an attention decoder algorithm for detecting the change in attention and investigated cognitive effort expended during attentional switching and sustained attention. Two variants of endogenous attention switching were explored: the switches either had in-the-moment decision making or a pre-defined attentional switch time. A least-squares, EEG-based, attention decoding algorithm achieved 64.1% accuracy with a 5-second correlation window and illustrated smooth transitions in the attended talker prediction through switches in sustained attention at approximately half of the analysis window size (2.2 seconds). The expended listening effort, as measured by simultaneous electroencephalography (EEG) and pupillometry, was also a strong indicator of switching. Specifically, centrotemporal alpha power [F(2, 18) = 7.473, P = 0.00434] and mean pupil diameter [F(2, 18) = 9.159, P = 0.0018] were significantly different for trials that contained a switch in comparison to sustained trials. We also found that relative attended and ignored talker locations modulate the EEG alpha topographic response. This alpha lateralization was found to be impacted by the interaction between experimental condition and whether the measure was computed before or after the switch [F(2,18) = 3.227, P = 0.0634]. These results suggest that expended listening effort is a promising feature that should be pursued in a decoding context, in addition to speech and location-based features.
Improved Naive Bayesian Modeling of Numerical Data for Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion (ADME) Property Prediction. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Doped Natural Phosphate: A New and Environmentally Friendly Catalyst in Nucleoside Synthesis (2003)

Doped natural phosphate is used as acidic or basic catalyst in nucleoside and acyclonucleoside synthesis. Some examples are given.
Competitive Immunoassays for the Detection of Small Molecules Using Single Molecule Arrays (2018)

Small-molecule detection is important for many applications including clinical diagnostics, drug discovery, and measurements of environmental samples and agricultural products. Current techniques for small-molecule detection suffer from various limitations including low analytical sensitivity and complex sample processing. Furthermore, as a result of their small size, small molecules are difficult to detect using an antibody pair in a traditional sandwich assay format. To overcome these limitations, we developed an ultrasensitive competitive immunoassay for small-molecule detection using Single Molecule Arrays (Simoa). We show that the competitive Simoa assay is approximately 50-fold more sensitive than the conventional ELISA. We performed theoretical calculations to determine the factors that influence the sensitivity of competitive Simoa assays and used them to achieve maximal sensitivity. We also demonstrate detection of small molecules in complex biological samples. We show that the competitive Simoa assay is a simple, fast, and highly sensitive approach for ultrasensitive detection of small molecules.
Circuit and architectural techniques for minimum-energy operation of SRAM-based caches (2016)

To continue reducing voltage in scaled technologies, both circuit and architecture-level resiliency techniques are needed to tolerate process-induced defects, variation, and aging in SRAM cells. Many different resiliency schemes have been proposed and evaluated, but most prior results focus on voltage reduction instead of energy reduction. At the circuit level, device cell architectures and assist techniques have been shown to lower Vmin for SRAM, while at the architecture level, redundancy and cache disable techniques have been used to improve resiliency at low voltages. This paper presents a unified study of error tolerance for both circuit and architecture techniques and estimates their area and energy overheads. Optimal techniques are selected by evaluating both the error-correcting abilities at low supplies and the overheads of each technique in a 28nm. The results can be applied to many of the emerging memory technologies.