gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Trap States at the Oxide-Silicon Interface and Grain Boundary for Polycrystalline Silicon Thin-Film Transistors (2001)

A technique to extract trap states at the oxide-silicon interface and grain boundary has been developed for polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors with large grains. From the capacitance–voltage characteristic, the oxide-silicon interface traps can be extracted. Potential and carrier density are also extracted. From the potential, carrier density, and current–voltage characteristic, the grain boundary traps can be extracted by considering the potential barrier at the grain boundary. Since these trap states are sequentially extracted, any shape of energy distribution of the trap states can be extracted. The correctness of this extraction technique is confirmed by comparison with two-dimensional device simulation.
Anti-proliferative effects of organic extracts from root bark of Juglans Regia L. (RBJR) on MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells: role of Bcl-2/Bax, caspases and Tp53. (2011)

With increasing use of plant-based cancer chemotherapeutic agents, exploring the antiproliferative effects of phytochemicals has gained increasing momentum for anticancer drug design. The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of root bark of Juglans regia (RBJR) organic extracts on cell proliferation, and to determine the molecular mechanism of RBJR-induced cell death by determining the expression of Bcl-2, Bax, caspases, Tp53, Mdm-2 and TNF-alpha in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. The results demonstrate that WNRB suppressed proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose and time dependent manner by modulating expression of key genes. This involved characteristic changes in cytoplasmic and nuclear morphology, DNA fragmentation (TUNEL assay), levels of mRNA and expression of corresponding proteins. Real Time PCR and western blot analysis revealed that the expression of of Bax, caspases, tp53, and TNF-alpha was markedly increased in MBA-MB-231 cells treated with the RBJR extract. In contrast Bcl2 and mdm-2 expression was down regulated after exposure. In summary, our data suggest the presence of bioactive compound(s) in WNRB capable of killing breast carcinoma cells through induction of apoptosis, and therefore a candidate source of anticancer drugs.
WFS1/wolframin mutations, Wolfram syndrome, and associated diseases (2001)

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is the inherited association of juvenile-onset insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus and progressive bilateral optic atrophy. A nuclear gene, WFS1/wolframin, was identified that segregated with disease status and demonstrated an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Mutation analysis of the WFS1 gene in WS patients has identified mutations in 90% of patients. Most were compound heterozygotes with private mutations distributed throughout the gene with no obvious hotspots. The private nature of the mutations in WS patients and the low frequencies make it difficult to determine the biological or clinical relevance of these mutations. Mutation screening in patients with psychiatric disorders or diabetes mellitus has also been performed to test the hypothesis that heterozygous carriers of WFS1 gene mutations are at an increased risk following the observation that WS first-degree relatives have a higher frequency of these disorders. Most studies showed no association, however two missense mutations were identified that demonstrated significant association with psychiatric disorders and diabetes mellitus. Population association studies and functional studies of these variants will need to be performed to confirm these preliminary results. The elucidation of functions and functional pathways for the WFS1 gene product and variants will shed light on the effect of such disparate mutations on gene function and their role in the resulting clinical phenotype in WS and associated disorders.
<title>Ion beam modification of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in (Co/Pt)n multilayers and FePt thin films</title> (2001)

For [Co(3 angstrom)/Pt(10 angstrom)]<SUB>n</SUB> multilayers and FePt(111) L1<SUB>0</SUB> ordered films exposed to energetic ion beam irradiation, we have experimentally determined the dependence of the perpendicular coercivity on ion dose, for a variety of ion species and energies. A simple model based on ballistic displacement of Co (or Fe) atoms from ordered configurations is presented, which predicts an exponential decline of anisotropy with ion dose. The perpendicular coercivity for these samples is indeed found to decline in this way. The ballistic displacement model, evaluated using SRIM Monte Carlo simulation, roughly reflects the observed dependence on ion species and energy. However, the experimental data would demand a displacement probability per incident ion many times larger than that obtained from SRIM.
Cascaded humidified advanced turbine (1995)

This article describes how, by combining the best features of simple- and combined-cycle gas turbine power plants, the CHAT cycle concept offers power producers a clean, more efficient and less expensive alternative to both. The patented cascaded advanced turbine and its cascaded humidified advanced turbine (CHAT) derivative offer utilities and other power producers a practical advanced gas turbine power plant by combining commercially-available gas turbine and industrial compressor technologies in a unique way. Compared to combined-cycle plants, a CHAT power plant has lower emissions and specific capital costs-approximately 20 percent lower than what is presently available. Further, CHAT`s operating characteristics are especially well-suited to load following quick start-up scenarios and they are less susceptible to power degradation from higher ambient air temperature conditions.
New methods for actinide characterization using x-ray fluorescence (2011)

Abstract Not Provided
Nanoparticles: Heating Tumors to Death? (2010)

Thermotherapy consisting of heating tumors to death appears to be a suitable method to achieve tumor ablation in a noninvasive manner with minimal side effects but developments were hampered because of the lack of specificity of the heating method. New interests have emerged by introducing nanoparticles as energy absorbent agents in tumor tissue to locally enhance the action of irradiation, hence increasing the specificity of the method. Mechanisms of tumor death depend on the nature of the nanoparticles and irradiation modalities. They can be induced either by heat-dependent or by heat-independent phenomena. As discussed in this article, it can reasonably be expected that the recent methods of thermotherapy developed with nanoparticles have a tremendous potential for cancer treatments. However, overcoming challenging milestones is now required before the method will be ready for the treatment of a wide range of cancers.
Correction: Topographical Body Fat Distribution Links to Amino Acid and Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Non-Obese Women (2013)

Visceral adiposity is increasingly recognized as a key condition for the development of obesity related disorders, with the ratio between visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) reported as the best correlate of cardiometabolic risk. In this study, using a cohort of 40 obese females (age: 25-45 y, BMI: 28-40 kg/m 2 ) under healthy clinical conditions and monitored over a 2 weeks period we examined the relationships between different body composition parameters, estimates of visceral adiposity and blood/urine metabolic profiles. Metabonomics and lipidomics analysis of blood plasma and urine were employed in combination with in vivo quantitation of body composition and abdominal fat distribution using iDXA and computerized tomography. Of the various visceral fat estimates, VAT/SAT and VAT/total abdominal fat ratios exhibited significant associations with regio-specific body lean and fat composition. The integration of these visceral fat estimates with metabolic profiles of blood and urine described a distinct amino acid, diacyl and ether phospholipid phenotype in women with higher visceral fat. Metabolites important in predicting visceral fat adiposity as assessed by Random forest analysis highlighted 7 most robust markers, including tyrosine, glutamine, PC-O 44:6, PC-O 44:4, PC-O 42:4, PC-O 40:4, and PC-O 40:3 lipid species. Unexpectedly, the visceral fat associated inflammatory profiles were shown to be highly influenced by inter-days and between-subject variations. Nevertheless, the visceral fat associated amino acid and lipid signature is proposed to be further validated for future patient stratification and cardiometabolic health diagnostics.
Business Principles in Sensor Development and Commercialization (2014)

The overarching goal of sensor development is to provide information and knowledge that can be used beneficially in decision making for individual and societal well being. Additionally, businesses must be profitable in pursuit of this goal or they do not survive. Business development and commercialization of technology involves a set of unique and challenging circumstances and problems. We are familiar with the problems encountered in making basic research a success, but many of us have not been exposed to the practical concepts and issues involved in business development and successful technology commercialization. This presentation will address some of the basic ideas of business, as well as many of the issues that one encounters in taking a sensor technology from the lab to the market. We will explore markets and market fragmentation, the nature of demand, barriers to market entry, supply and distribution chains, competition, intellectual property protection, competitive advantage, the product lifecycle, market analysis and other concepts relevant to sensor development. Understanding these concepts is important for conceiving and executing a commercial strategy. During these discussions, various sensors, customers and markets will be used as illustrative examples. In particular we will discuss new printed sensors developed at KWJ Engineering and introduced in 2013, where relevant to the discussion. We will examine how regulation, codes and standards drive sensor markets and opportunities and will discuss some key considerations when embarking on invention and practical development of new sensors. Everyone involved in basic or applied sensor R&amp;D should understand the basic realities of marketplaces to have a clear vision of where and how their technology can be implemented in the world.
ChemInform Abstract: Retro‐Cycloadditions and Sigmatropic Shifts: The C7H8 and C7H10 Potential Energy Surfaces (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated with Faster and Specific Retinal Layer Atrophy (2020)

PMS is associated with faster retinal atrophy independent of age. INL and ONL measures may be novel biomarkers of neurodegeneration in PMS that appear to be unaffected by conventional DMTs. The effects of aging on rates of retinal layer atrophy should be considered in clinical trials incorporating OCT outcomes. ANN NEUROL 2020;87:885-896.
Endoscopic Ultrasound for the Staging of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2003)

The purposes of cancer staging are to determine the optimal therapy and prognosis of a disease, and to allow uniformity in conducting clinical trials for different stages of disease. In the case of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the most important determinants of optimal treatment and prognosis are the presence of cancer spread to the lymph nodes within the mediastinum, and to distant organs. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has become a valuable tool for detection of mediastinal lymph nodes, and in some cases, distant organ metastases, because of its ready access to these sites through a transesophageal or transgastric approach. The ability to perform EUS-guided fine-needle aspiration (FNA) has greatly improved the accuracy and acceptance of EUS for lung cancer staging.
Harvesting solar energy to power ocular implants (2015)

A solar energy harvesting power supply has been developed for ocular implants. A photovoltaic array embedded under the eye's conjunctiva coverts incident solar energy to electrical energy to be stored in a battery. We have shown that a photovoltaic array embedded under the conjunctiva, with an area of 62mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , when irradiated at 1mW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of sunlight, can generate 1.22mW at the battery charging circuit's output. This suggests the feasibility of powering ocular implants by scavenging solar energy from the environment.
Calix[5]arene: a versatile sublimate that displays gas sorption properties (2007)

Varied temperature sublimation of calix[5]arene results in the formation of two distinctly different crystal structures or polymorphs alpha and beta, the latter of which is based on both 'self-included' and 'back-to-back' helical arrangements of the molecule, while also being active towards CO2 sorption at room temperature and 1 atmosphere pressure.
Iterative Chemical Engineering of Vancomycin Leads to Novel Vancomycin Analogs With a High in Vitro Therapeutic Index (2018)

Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that inhibits transpeptidation during cell wall synthesis by binding to the D-Ala-D-Ala termini of lipid II. For long, it has been used as a last resort antibiotic. However, since the emergence of the first vancomycin-resistant enterococci in 1987, vancomycin resistance has become widespread, especially in hospitals. We have synthesized and evaluated 110 vancomycin analogs modified at the C-terminal carboxyl group of the heptapeptide moiety with R<sub>2</sub>NHR<sub>1</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> substituents. Through iterative optimizations of the substituents, we identified vancomycin analogs that fully restore (or even exceed) the original inhibitory activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), vancomycin-intermediate (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (VRSA) strains. The best analogs have improved growth inhibitory activity and <i>in vitro</i> therapeutic indices against a broad set of VRE and methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> (MRSA) isolates. They also exceed the activity of vancomycin against <i>Clostridium difficile</i> ribotypes. Vanc-39 and Vanc-42 have a low probability to provoke antibiotic resistance, and overcome different vancomycin resistance mechanisms (VanA, VanB, and VanC1).
Threat to fixation and vision‐related quality of life in early open‐angle glaucoma — results from the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (2022)

Abstract Purpose To determine the effect of glaucomatous visual field (VF) damage close to the point of fixation, called threat‐to‐fixation (TTF), on vision‐related quality of life (VRQoL) in open‐angle glaucoma. Methods A total of 239 patients from the Glaucoma Intensive Treatment Study (GITS) were included in this analysis. The second VF of patients with newly diagnosed primarily early glaucoma was evaluated for the presence or absence of TTF. TTF was defined as VF loss including one or more of the four innermost test points depressed at p &lt; 1% in the total deviation probability map of Humphrey 24–2 SITA Standard visual fields. VRQoL was evaluated using Rasch‐analysed National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire 25 (NEI VFQ‐25) scores. The correlation between VRQoL and TTF was evaluated using uni‐ and multivariable regression analyses. Results TTF was present in at least one eye in 115 patients (48%); located in the superior hemifield alone in 47% (54 of 115), in the inferior hemifield alone in 23% (27 of 115), and in 30% (34 of 115) in both hemifields. The median Rasch‐calibrated NEI VFQ‐25 scores were identical when comparing patients with TTF (VRQoL score 66, 95% CI: 23–100) and those with no‐TTF (VRQoL score 66, 95% CI: 21–100) ( p = 0.925). Neither the presence of TTF ( R 2 = −0.004, p = 0.968) nor the location of TTF ( R 2 = 0.023, p = 0.103) was significantly correlated to Rasch‐calibrated NEI VFQ‐25 scores. Conclusion The presence of TTF did not influence VRQoL, as measured by the NEI‐VFQ‐25, in this relatively large group of patients with mainly early glaucoma.
TDDB lifetime enhancement of high-k MOSFETs damaged by plasma processing &#x2014; Conflicting results in plasma charging damage evaluation (2014)

Plasma-charging damage (PCD) to high-k MOSFETs was evaluated by various parameters such as random telegraph noise (RTN), threshold voltage shift (ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> ), and TDDB lifetimes. A new evidence of an enhancement of TDDB lifetime under constant-voltage stress (t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CVS</sub> ) was found for plasma-damaged high-k MOSFETs - a certain amount of PCD results in conflicting data between t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CVS</sub> and other parameters (RTN, ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> , and constant-current TDDB lifetime). The observed feature was ascribed to a characteristic defect generation mechanism in the high-k where trapped charges played important roles in the t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CVS</sub> test. This finding is another evidence of TDDB conflicting data previously pointed out for SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> films with pre-stressed damage, PCD, and mechanical strain. One should properly employ a test method for evaluating PCD to high-k MOSFETs.
Maximum-entropy Scattering Models for Financial Time Series (2019)

Modeling time series with complex statistical properties such as heavy-tails, long-range dependence, and temporal asymmetries remains an open problem. In particular, financial time series exhibit such properties. Existing models suffer from serious limitations and often rely on high-order moments. We introduce a wavelet-based maximum entropy model for such random processes, based on new scattering and phase-harmonic moments. We analyze the model's performance with a synthetic multifractal random process and real-world financial time series. We show that scattering moments capture heavy tails and multifractal properties without estimating high-order moments. Further, we show that additional phase-harmonic terms capture temporal asymmetries.
Design of a Fuzzy Based AFS (Advanced Front Lightning System) to Improve Night-Time Driving for Truck Drivers: Foreseeing its Use in Emerging Markets (2014)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Nighttime driving behavior differs from that during the day because of unique scenarios presented in a driver's field of vision. At night drivers have to rely on their vehicle headlamps to illuminate the road to be able to see the environment and road conditions in front of him. In recent decades car illumination systems have undergone considerable technological advances such as the use of a Light Emitting Diode (LED) in Adaptive Front-lighting Systems (AFS), a breakthrough in lighting technology.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This is rapidly becoming one of the most important innovative technologies around the world within the lighting community. This paper discusses driver's needs given the environment and road conditions using a survey applied to compare the needs of both truck and car drivers under different road conditions.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results show the potential and suitability of the methodology proposed for controlling truck-related lighting in any emergent market.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Antisense oligonucleotide-induced alternative splicing of the APOB mRNA generates a novel isoform of APOB. (2007)

The induction of APOB87SKIP27 expression in vivo should lead to decreased LDL and cholesterol levels, by analogy to patients with hypobetalipoproteinemia. As intestinal APOB mRNA editing and APOB48 expression rely on sequences within exon 26, exon 27 skipping should not affect APOB48 expression unlike other methods of down-regulating APOB100 expression which also down-regulate APOB48.
TV White Spaces in Europe (2011)

Contents 3.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................69 3.2 TVWS System Requirements and Implications .........................................70
Preparing for pandemic influenza and its aftermath: mental health issues considered. (2009)

In November of 2005, President George W Bush requested $7.1 billion dollars for a global influenza epidemic preparedness initiative (Brown, 2005). Preparation measures for a biological threat or influenza pandemic focus on rapid quarantine, vaccines, developing antiviral treatments, and economic concerns (Brown, 2005; Ferguson et al., 2006; Reina, 2008). Although these public health measures are vital, they do not consider the acute mental health consequences that could develop during a pandemic and its aftermath. The most recent H1N1 swine flu has now spread to more than 70 countries (CDC, June 2009), and as of June 11, 2009, is considered a Phase 6 pandemic by the World Health Organization, indicative of ongoing community level outbreaks in multiple parts of the globe. Following recent cases of swine flu, global concern of an influenza pandemic has risen, and it is critical that metal health considerations become an integrated part of the pandemic response. Here, potential mental health consequences and high risk populations are identified and reviewed. Mental health professionals, communities, businesses, and organizations can create an infrastructure to help mitigate mental health consequences. These issues, as well as familial stressors and coping methods, are reviewed.