gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Carbon Nanotube/Microwave Interactions and Applications to Hydrogen Fuel Cells. (2004)

One of the leading problems that will be carried into the 21st century is that of alternative fuels to get our planet away from the consumption of fossil fuels. There has been a growing interest in the use of nanotechnology to somehow aid in this progression. There are several unanswered questions in how to do this. It is known that carbon nanotubes will store hydrogen but it is unclear how to increase that storage capacity and how to remove this hydrogen fuel once stored. This document offers some answers to these questions. It is possible to implant more hydrogen in a nanotube sample using a technique of ion implantation at energy levels ~50keV and below. This, accompanied with the rapid removal of that stored hydrogen through the application of a microwave field, proves to be one promising avenue to solve these two unanswered questions.
Fabrication and characterization of stop flow valves for fluid handling (2004)

Monolithic stop flow valves produced by Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) are proposed for the handling and the processing of small metered fluid volumes in capillary channels. A 2 /spl mu/l sampling unit has been successfully integrated as an element of a miniaturized chemical analysis system to improve analysis reproducibility. The net pressure needed to overcome the stop flow valve was determined experimentally for different valve diameters and compared to theoretical values. A 60 /spl mu/m diameter valve diameter can typically withstand a water pressure head of 20 cm, which is largely sufficient for most applications. Sampling of 2 /spl mu/l of selection of solvents was successfully demonstrated.
SU‐FF‐T‐37: Contura Multilumen Balloon (MLB) Registry Trial: Initial Dosimetric Experience (2009)

Purpose: The Contura MLB registry trial is a prospective, non‐randomized, multiple site accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) study designed to compare the dosimetric efficacy of the Contura™MLB against a single central lumen balloon device. The preliminary dosimetric comparisons, based on the first 74 patients are presented. Materials and Methods: All patients are enrolled prior to Contura™MLB placement based on eligibility criteria. After successful post lumpectomy placement of the Contura MLB is confirmed by CT scan, three dosimetric plans are generated: 1)multi‐lumen(ML), 2)central‐lumen/multi‐dwell(CL‐MD) and 3)central‐lumen/single‐dwell(CL‐SD). For similar target coverage (D95&gt;95%), V150, V200 and maximum skin and ribs dose of the three plans are compared. Results: The ML plans succeeded in meeting all dosimetric criteria in 78% of the cases whereas the CL‐MD and CL‐SD plans only succeeded in 54% and 40%, respectively. The ML plan delivered max skin dose ⩽125% in 92% of cases as compared to 79.7% and 69.9% for the CL‐MD and CL‐SD plans generated for the same patients. When the balloon‐skin spacing measured ⩽7mm, the ML plan delivered a reduced max skin dose in 28.8% of cases compared to CL‐MD plans and 34.2% of cases using CL‐SD. The mean skin dose reduction was 17.2% and 29.4% respectively. When the rib distance measured ⩽5mm, the ML plan delivered reduced dose to the closest rib in 27.4% of cases compared to CL‐MD plans and 32.9% when compared to CL‐SD. The mean rib dose reduction was 12.2% and 31.8% respectively. Conclusion: This initial comparison supports the hypothesis that using multiple offset lumens allows optimization of target coverage while minimizing dose to skin and chest wall. Completion of this trial is needed for the confirmation of this hypothesis, and to explore the clinical scenarios where the Contra MLB can provide the safest solution while extending PBI use in breast conserving therapy.
Illusory surface perception and visual organization (1996)

Illusory contours occur in a wide variety of circumstances in nature. A striking man- made example is the Kanizsa triangle. A common factor in all such figures is the perception of a surface occluding part of a background, i.e. illusory contours are always accompanied by illusory surfaces. The detection of occlusion cues suggest various different local surface configurations, leading to a large combinatorial set of global surface configurations, each one constituting an image organization. We address the problems of why and how the image organizations that yield illusory contours arise. Our approach is to: (i) detect occlusions; (ii) assign surface-states at these locations that reflect the presence of a particular surface configuration; (iii) apply a Bayesian model to diffuse this local surface information; (iv) define an entropy measure for each image organization to select the best one(s) as the one(s) giving the lowest entropy values. We note that: (a) the illusory contours arise from the surface boundaries, and hence we do not propagate/extend intensity edges directly; (b) the overlapping surfaces provide an explanation for amodal completions. The model reproduces various qualitative and quantitative aspects of illusory contour perception and has been supported by a series of experiments.
Synthesizing metamaterials with angularly independent effective medium properties based on an anisotropic parameter retrieval technique coupled with a genetic algorithm (2011)

In this paper, we present a method to retrieve the effective electromagnetic parameters of a slab of anisotropic metamaterial from reflection and transmission coefficients (or scattering parameters). In this retrieval method, calculated or measured scattering parameters are employed for plane waves incident obliquely on a metamaterial slab at different angles. Useful analytical expressions are derived for extracting the homogeneous anisotropic medium parameters of a metamaterial. To validate the method, the effective permittivity and permeability tensor parameters for a composite split-ring resonator-wire array are retrieved and shown to be consistent with observations previously reported in the literature. This retrieval method is further incorporated into a genetic algorithm (GA) to synthesize an infrared zero-index-metamaterial with a wide field-of-view, demonstrating the utility of the new design approach. The anisotropic parameter retrieval algorithm, when combined with a robust optimizer such as GA, can provide a powerful design tool for exploiting the anisotropic properties in metamaterials to achieve specific angle dependant or independent responses.
Effects induced by BMPS in cultures of human articular chondrocytes: Comparative studies (2008)

We compared anabolic and anti-catabolic activities of selected bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP-2, -4, -6, and -7) and cartilage-derived morphogenetic proteins (CDMP-1 and -2) in human normal adult articular chondrocytes. Ankle chondrocytes were cultured in alginate beads in the presence of 10% serum and treated with either growth factors only (each at 100 ng/ml) or the combination of interleukin-1 (IL-1 beta) (0.1 ng/ml) and BMPs. Chondrocyte metabolism was assessed by proteoglycan (PG) synthesis, content, DNA content, and cell survival. The results showed that BMP-2, -4, and -7 were more potent in stimulating PGs than other growth factors tested. The highest levels of PG synthesis were detected at day 9 in the presence of BMP-7. With regard to anti-catabolic properties, the effect depended upon treatment scheme (simultaneous or sequential). Under simultaneous cultures, BMP-2, -4, and -6 failed to counteract IL-1 beta induced inhibition of PG synthesis, while the CDMPs restored this parameter to serum control levels. Only BMP-7 showed consistent and pronounced anti-catabolic activity in either culture treatment scheme. None of the factors induced cell death or chondrocyte proliferation. In conclusion, the growth factors tested showed different levels of effects on human chondrocytes in culture, but only BMP-7 displayed both strong anabolic and anti-catabolic properties.
Scintillation properties of organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds with a methylphenethylamine (2022)

Abstract Photoluminescence and scintillation characteristics of organic–inorganic layered perovskite-type compounds with a methylphenethylamine were evaluated for possible scintillator applications, and crystals of (2-CH 3 C 6 H 4 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 (2CH3Phe), (3-CH 3 C 6 H 4 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 (3CH3Phe) and (4-CH 3 C 6 H 4 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 (4CH3Phe) were fabricated by a temperature gradient method. Emissions at 406 nm for 2CH3Phe, 433 nm for 3CH3Phe and 430 nm for 4CH3Phe were observed under X-ray irradiation. The scintillation light yields were 2700 photons MeV −1 for 2CH3Phe, 8200 photons MeV −1 for 3CH3Phe, 5800 photons MeV −1 for 4CH3Phe, which were lower than that of (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 . In addition, the scintillation decay times were 6.3 ns for 2CH3Phe, 7.6 ns for 3CH3Phe, 7.3 ns for 4CH3Phe, and they were found to be lower than that of (C 6 H 5 C 2 H 4 NH 3 ) 2 PbBr 4 .
Inhibition of microRNA‐92a increases blood vessels and satellite cells in skeletal muscle but does not improve duchenne muscular dystrophy–related phenotype in mdx mice (2019)

AntagomiR-92a improves the vasculature but not the muscle in mdx mice, possibly due to its side effects on satellite cell differentiation. Muscle Nerve 59:594-594, 2019.
Wideband Sensorless Force Control Based on Singular Spectrum Analysis and Dither Periodic Component Elimination Kalman Filter (2019)

This paper proposes a new force sensing approach based on the singular spectrum analysis and the dither periodic component elimination Kalman filter to realize a wideband sensorless force control system. The dither periodic component elimination Kalman filter and the disturbance observer are integrated to configure the force sensation with the cancelation of dither signal component and noise in the force information. Moreover, the singular spectrum analysis based velocity estimation, which is the input information of the force sensation, is constructed to improve the force sensing performance and realize the wideband force control system when the pole of the disturbance observer is greatly increased. The proposed method achieves considerably widened force sensing bandwidth. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by experimental results.
Quasi-phase-matching for ultrafast nonlinear optics (1998)

Summary form only given. Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) has developed rapidly over the past several years as an important tool for efficient nonlinear optical frequency conversion. This talk reviews basic ultrafast QPM frequency conversion experiments, such as second-harmonic generation of fs mode locked erbium-doped fiber lasers with efficiencies of 90%/nJ, optical parametric generation (OPG) with a threshold 50 nJ, and synchpumped optical parametric oscillators (OPOs) with 30-mW threshold power, order of magnitude improvements over conventional materials.
DSB (2021)

We describe a new benchmark, DSB, for evaluating both workload-driven and traditional database systems on modern decision support workloads. DSB is adapted from the widely-used industrial-standard TPC-DS benchmark. It enhances the TPC-DS benchmark with complex data distribution and challenging yet semantically meaningful query templates. DSB also introduces configurable and dynamic workloads to assess the adaptability of database systems. Since workload-driven and traditional database systems have different performance dimensions, including the additional resources required for tuning and maintaining the systems, we provide guidelines on evaluation methodology and metrics to report. We show a case study on how to evaluate both workload-driven and traditional database systems with the DSB benchmark. The code for the DSB benchmark is open sourced and is available at https://aka.ms/dsb.
A Visual Quality Assessment Method for Raster Images in Scanned Document (2023)

Image quality assessment (IQA) is an active research area in the field of image processing. Most prior works focus on visual quality of natural images captured by cameras. In this paper, we explore visual quality of scanned documents, focusing on raster image areas. Different from many existing works which aim to estimate a visual quality score, we propose a machine learning based classification method to determine whether the visual quality of a scanned raster image at a given resolution setting is acceptable. We conduct a psychophysical study to determine the acceptability at different image resolutions based on human subject ratings and use them as the ground truth to train our machine learning model. However, this dataset is unbalanced as most images were rated as visually acceptable. To address the data imbalance problem, we introduce several noise models to simulate the degradation of image quality during the scanning process. Our results show that by including augmented data in training, we can significantly improve the performance of the classifier to determine whether the visual quality of raster images in a scanned document is acceptable or not for a given resolution setting.
The evolving role of targeted drugs in the treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (2017)

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell-derived malignancy mostly affecting young adults. More than 80% of patients are cured after stage-adapted first-line treatment with chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. About 50% of patients with disease recurrence achieve long-term remission with second-line treatment consisting of high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. However, HL treatment is often associated with acute toxicity and in part life-threatening late effects. Implementing targeted drugs may reduce toxicity and potentially further optimize efficacy. In recent years, the CD30-directed antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin (BV) and anti-PD-1 antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, underwent extensive evaluation in HL. They have exhibited encouraging single agent activity and a favorable toxicity profile in patients with multiple relapses. Therefore, they are currently under investigation in different additional indications. Areas covered: This article gives an overview over clinical trials evaluating targeted drugs either as single agent or as part of combination therapies in HL patients. Expert commentary: A multitude of targeted drugs are investigated in HL. Promising data have particularly emerged from studies with BV and anti-PD-1 antibodies. However, mature data needed for final conclusions are still pending.
Transport, geometrical, and topological properties of stealthy disordered hyperuniform two-phase systems (2016)

Disordered hyperuniform many-particle systems have attracted considerable recent attention, since they behave like crystals in the manner in which they suppress large-scale density fluctuations, and yet also resemble statistically isotropic liquids and glasses with no Bragg peaks. One important class of such systems is the classical ground states of "stealthy potentials." The degree of order of such ground states depends on a tuning parameter χ. Previous studies have shown that these ground-state point configurations can be counterintuitively disordered, infinitely degenerate, and endowed with novel physical properties (e.g., negative thermal expansion behavior). In this paper, we focus on the disordered regime (0 < χ < 1/2) in which there is no long-range order and control the degree of short-range order. We map these stealthy disordered hyperuniform point configurations to two-phase media by circumscribing each point with a possibly overlapping sphere of a common radius a: the "particle" and "void" phases are taken to be the space interior and exterior to the spheres, respectively. The hyperuniformity of such two-phase media depends on the sphere sizes: While it was previously analytically proven that the resulting two-phase media maintain hyperuniformity if spheres do not overlap, here we show numerically that they lose hyperuniformity whenever the spheres overlap. We study certain transport properties of these systems, including the effective diffusion coefficient of point particles diffusing in the void phase as well as static and time-dependent characteristics associated with diffusion-controlled reactions. Besides these effective transport properties, we also investigate several related structural properties, including pore-size functions, quantizer error, an order metric, and percolation thresholds. We show that these transport, geometrical, and topological properties of our two-phase media derived from decorated stealthy ground states are distinctly different from those of equilibrium hard-sphere systems and spatially uncorrelated overlapping spheres. As the extent of short-range order increases, stealthy disordered two-phase media can attain nearly maximal effective diffusion coefficients over a broad range of volume fractions while also maintaining isotropy, and therefore may have practical applications in situations where ease of transport is desirable. We also show that the percolation threshold and the order metric are positively correlated with each other, while both of them are negatively correlated with the quantizer error. In the highly disordered regime (χ → 0), stealthy point-particle configurations are weakly perturbed ideal gases. Nevertheless, reactants of diffusion-controlled reactions decay much faster in our two-phase media than in equilibrium hard-sphere systems of similar degrees of order, and hence indicate that the formation of large holes is strongly suppressed in the former systems.
Measurement of jet multiplicity distributions in $$\mathrm {t}\overline{\mathrm {t}}$$ t t ¯ production in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 7\,\text {TeV} $$ s = 7 TeV (2014)

The normalised differential top quark-antiquark production cross section is measured as a function of the jet multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7[Formula: see text] at the LHC with the CMS detector. The measurement is performed in both the dilepton and lepton+jets decay channels using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0[Formula: see text]. Using a procedure to associate jets to decay products of the top quarks, the differential cross section of the [Formula: see text] production is determined as a function of the additional jet multiplicity in the lepton+jets channel. Furthermore, the fraction of events with no additional jets is measured in the dilepton channel, as a function of the threshold on the jet transverse momentum. The measurements are compared with predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics and no significant deviations are observed.
Gas tungsten arc welding process for surfacing of aluminium alloys with Al‐Cu cored wire 2nd report: Surfacing of aluminium alloy (1993)

(1993). Gas tungsten arc welding process for surfacing of aluminium alloys with Al‐Cu cored wire 2nd report: Surfacing of aluminium alloy. Welding International: Vol. 7, No. 11, pp. 850-856.
Intranasal fusion inhibitory lipopeptide prevents direct contact SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets (2020)

A dimeric form of a SARS-CoV-2-derived lipopeptide is a potent inhibitor of fusion and infection <i>in vitro</i> and transmission <i>in vivo</i> .
Persistence of Prolonged C-peptide Production in Type 1 Diabetes as Measured With an Ultrasensitive C-peptide Assay (2012)

The ultrasensitive assay revealed that C-peptide production persists for decades after disease onset and remains functionally responsive. These findings suggest that patients with advanced disease, whose β-cell function was thought to have long ceased, may benefit from interventions to preserve β-cell function or to prevent complications.
A fast converging algorithm for sum power minimization in MIMO uplink (2013)

The sum power minimization with per MS rate constraint problem in multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multiple access channels (MACs) is considered in this paper. The problem can be transformed into a series of convex weighted sum rate problems and iteratively solved by standard solvers. However, even with the efficient interior-point method in the latest solver, the computational effort to solve the convex problem in each iteration is still prohibitively high. We propose an efficient algorithm that utilizes the convexity of the rate region to reduce number of iterations. It consists of power bisection and optimal user weights search. The algorithm avoids the full search for the optimal user weights. By continuously constructing a convex rate polyhedron, it determines the feasibility of the current rate target at a early phase and immediately goes to the power bisection without knowing the optimal user weights. The proposed algorithm is compared with the existing methods and is shown to be significantly more efficient than the existing methods in terms of computational complexities.
Pressure Behavior of Laterally Composite Reservoirs (1997)

Summary This paper presents a new general method for solving the pressure diffusion equation in laterally composite reservoirs, where rock and fluid properties may change laterally as a function of y in the x − y plane. Composite systems can be encountered as a result of many different types of depositional and tectonic processes. For example, meandering point bar reservoirs may be approximated as lateral composite systems. Reservoirs with edgewater encroachment are another example of such systems. The new solution method presented is based on the reflection-transmission concept of electromagnetics to solve fluid-flow problems in 3D nonhomogeneous reservoirs, where heterogeneity is in only one (y) direction. A general Green's function for a point source in 3D laterally composite systems is developed by using the reflection-transmission method. The solutions in the Laplace transform domain are then developed from the Green's function for the pressure behavior of specific composite reservoirs. The solution method can also be applied to many different types of wells, such as vertical, fractured, and horizontal in composite reservoirs. The pressure behavior of a few well-known laterally composite systems are investigated. It is shown that a network of partially communicating faults and fractures in porous medium can be modeled as composite systems. It is also shown that the existing solutions for a partially communicating fault are not valid when the fault permeability is substantially larger than the formation permeability. The derivative plots are presented for selected faulted, fractured, channel, and composite reservoirs as diagnostic tools for well-test interpretation. It is also shown that if the composite system's permeability varies moderately in the x or y direction, it exhibits a homogeneous system behavior. However, it does not yield the system's average permeability. Furthermore, the composite systems with distributed low-permeability zones behave as if the system has many two no-flow boundaries.
ATSC 3.0 Broadcast Core Network for Next-Generation Media Delivery (2021)

The advent of the new generation mobile network catalyzed the appearance of new verticals demanding a significant increase in the required spectrum resources. A promising alternative to satisfy that hunger for resources is to incorporate a new delivery mechanism to alleviate the congestion of classical wireless radio access networks (broadband and cellular). ATSC 3.0 enables IP-based content delivery, and thus, it could be considered an alternative to be integrated into an IP infrastructure. Nevertheless, there is still a last missing piece to bring the broadcast world to the IP-connected world: a Broadcast Core Network (BCN). This entity would bring network intelligence to the broadcast world and allow new use cases for the broadcasting industry. This paper proposes a detailed methodology for a BCN definition and a possible path towards its implementation based on a well-known media delivery service. In addition, it explains the proposed algorithm for a basic implementation of the linear video and audio use case, which achieves successful results.