gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) generation on measured total lung diffusion capacity (2012)

Background . We found earlier that as a result of single breath diffusion capacity test for CO and NO mean relative current COHb concentration in lung capillary volume (Vc) reaches to 10% [Babarskov E. et al. ERJ 2009. v.34. suppl.53:391s]. Aim . To determine the influence of COHb generation on measured value of total lung diffusion capacity (DLco) and calculated Vc. Methods . Dynamic balance equations of CO and COHb in alveolar and capillary volumes were solved by numerical method. Results . The dependence of average relative COHb concentration on breathholding time and initial CO alveolar concentration was determined, as well as relationship between measured DLco and COHb concentration. It was demonstrated, that using of gas mixtures with usually recommended CO content (0.28%) results in COHb concentration increase to about 10%, that in turn leads to reducing of DLco about by 5% and Vc by 10%. If initial CO content in gas mixture is increased three fold (0.84%), then COHb concentration reaches to about 30%, that in turn leads to reducing of DLco about by 15% and Vc by 30%. Conclusion . Our findings confirm possibility of experimental measurment of the difference between DLco values, which may be used for noninvasive investigating of lung hemodynamics. Particularly this allows to determine important diagnostic parameter - capillar blood flow rate across ventilated alveoli and correctly to calculate Vc.
Schnelles Schalten mit Licht (2016)

Abstract Das schnelle Schalten elektrischer Ströme ist die Grundlage der modernen Elektronik und Computertechnologie. Der mit dem Schaltprozess verbundene Energieverbrauch und die daraus resultierende Wärmeentwicklung ist zugleich der limitierende Faktor für die Erhöhung der Schaltfrequenzen. Experimente mit einer Zeitauflösung im Attosekundenbereich zeigen einen möglichen Ausweg. Mit dem starken elektrischen Feld ultrakurzer Laserimpulse lassen sich elektrische Ströme mit Lichtfrequenz bei gleichzeitig verschwindendem Energieverlust schalten. Diese physikalischen Prozesse erfordern noch ein tiefergehendes Verständnis. Davon könnte eine zukünftige “Lichtelektronik” profitieren, die wesentlich schnellere und leistungsfähigere Informationstechnologien hervorbringen könnte.
A fluorescent derivative of ribosomal protein S18 which permits direct observation of messenger RNA binding. (1979)

70 S Escherichia coli ribosomes were reacted with the fluorescent dye N-(iodoacetylaminoethyl)-5-naphthylamine-1-sulfonic acid for 10 min under mild conditions. The resulting ribosomes were fully active. 30 S subunits isolated from these particles were also fully active. They contain approximately 0.7 eq of fluorescent dye. Nearly all of it is attached to protein S18. Competitive reaction with N-ethylmaleimide implies that the fluorescent dye is located at cysteine 10 of the protein. The labeled 30 S particles will recombine with 50 S subunits to form stable 70 S particles. Thus the procedures we have developed allow the large scale preparation of an active fluorescent conjugate of the 70 S ribosome. The fluorescence of the 70 S particles is sensitive to the binding of mRNA, showing both quenching and a shift in emission spectra. Thus it affords a simple way to quantitate mRNA binding directly. In pilot studies without tRNA, the binding constant of the initiation triplet codon adenylyl-(3' leads to 5')-uridylyl-(3' leads to 5')-guanosine to 70 S ribosome was found to be an order of magnitude larger than that of polyuridylic acid.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Optical Interconnect Switching Systems (1993)

Abstract : This grant explored the possible use of ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC's) in the reamization of photonic switching fabrics. Problems addressed included device fabrication, switch architectures, and switch performance. Experimental versions of most architectures were constructed. The aim of the contract was to develop techniques for using ferroelectric liquid crystals (FLC's) for novel photonic switching architectures. Initial work was devoted to mastering the technology of making FLC polarization rotation shutters, which formed the basis for the switching architecture work to follow. Much of this work was performed using the facilities of Stanford's Center for Integrated Systems. We were able to build such shutters with respectable properties, including reasonable uniformity, an insertion losses of the order X dB and extinction ratios of the order of Y db. Switching speeds observed were the order of ZZZ. Having mastered the basic shutter technology, we moved on to employing such shutters in novel architectures.
Acoustic communications and navigation under Arctic ice (2012)

Initial results of experiments performed under Arctic ice have shown that acoustic communications and navigation can be performed on scales of 10-100 km using relatively inexpensive and compact hardware. Measurements of the impulse response at ranges of 10 and 75 km reveal extensive scatter and both resolvable and unresolvable rays. Phase coherent communication using adaptive equalization was successful up to ranges of 70-90 km at data rates of 5-10 b/s. As the SNR drops to levels too low for phase coherent communication, short FM sweeps (5-10 s), are shown to provide sufficient gain to provide lower rate communications and also support navigation.
Understanding the Interface Reactions of Rutile TiO2Grown by Atomic Layer Deposition on Oxidized Ruthenium (2012)

Doping of graphene via low energy ion implantation could open possibilities for fabrication of nanometer-scale patterned graphene-based devices as well as for graphene functionalization compatible with large-scale integrated semiconductor technology. Using advanced electron microscopy/spectroscopy methods, we show for the first time directly that graphene can be doped with B and N via ion implantation and that the retention is in good agreement with predictions from calculation-based literature values. Atomic resolution high-angle dark field imaging (HAADF) combined with single-atom electron energy loss (EEL) spectroscopy reveals that for sufficiently low implantation energies ions are predominantly substitutionally incorporated into the graphene lattice with a very small fraction residing in defect-related sites.
Discovery, Synthesis, and Preclinical Characterization ofN-(3-Chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridin-3-amine (VU0418506), a Novel Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 4 (mGlu4) (2016)

The efficacy of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGlu4) in preclinical rodent models of Parkinson's disease has been established by a number of groups. Here, we report an advanced preclinically characterized mGlu4 PAM, N-(3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridin-3-amine (VU0418506). We detail the discovery of VU0418506 starting from a common picolinamide core scaffold and evaluation of a number of amide bioisosteres leading to the novel pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine head group. VU0418506 has been characterized as a potent and selective mGlu4 PAM with suitable in vivo pharmacokinetic properties in three preclinical safety species.
Association between serrated polyps and the risk of synchronous advanced colorectal neoplasia in average‐risk individuals (2014)

Detection of proximal, sessile and/or large serrated polyps at screening colonoscopy is independently associated with an increased risk for synchronous advanced neoplasia.
(Re)Configuring Bike Station Network via Crowdsourced Information Fusion and Joint Optimization (2018)

Thanks to their great success as a green urban transportation means of first/last-mile connectivity, bike sharing service (BSS) networks has been proliferating all over the globe. Their station (re)placement and dock resizing has thus become an increasingly important problem for bike sharing service providers.
Enhancement in Energy of THz Emission From Gas Plasma Induced By Two-Color Chirped Laser Pulses (2016)

Enhancement in THz emission energy is observed both experimentally and theoretically by creating gas plasma with two-color (800nm+400nm) chirped laser pulses. THz yield increases when laser pulse is chirped positively.
Softcopy banding visibility assessment (2005)

Banding is a printer artifact perceived as one dimensional luminance variations across the print-out caused by the vibrations of different printer components. In the printing industry, banding is considered to be one of the worst defects that dominates overall perceived image quality. Understanding the visibility of banding will help us in developing strategies to reduce the banding artifact. We developed a softcopy environment to conduct various experiments for investigating the visibility of banding. This environment includes the methodology to duplicate the print on the monitor, and a banding extraction technique. This technique enables us to freely adjust the magnitude of banding of any printer. We validated the accuracy of this methodology by conducting a banding matching experiment. We used this platform to conduct banding visibility assessment experiments. One of them was a banding discrimination experiment. The results showed that for the printers investigated, a reduction of 6.5% in the banding magnitude will be just noticeable by an average observer. We were also able to find the detection thresholds of banding in grayscale images for three laser electrophotographic printers. The detection threshold of the best printer was about 50% of its original banding. So there is still plenty of room to reduce the visibility of the banding artifact. We were also able to compare the banding visibility of different printers quantitatively by conducting a cross-platform experiment. This methodology can form the basis for a metric for visibility of banding.
ALLOREACTIVE CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES FOCUS ON SPECIFIC MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX-BOUND PEPTIDES1 (1997)

Alloreactive T cells are often specific for individual peptides that are bound to allogeneic major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Other alloreactive T cells are reported to be peptide-independent or to recognize MHC conformational changes that are induced by multiple peptides. We tested 12 anti-HLA-B7 alloreactive cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones that bind a restricted region of HLA-B7, including three CTL clones that were generated in a protocol designed to stimulate peptide-independent T cells. All 12 CTLs recognized multiple point mutations in the HLA-B7 peptide-binding groove. Eleven of the 12 CTLs recognized specific peptides that eluted in one or two fractions on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). None of the CTLs promiscuously recognized 16 HLA-B7-binding synthetic peptides, although one CTL recognized minor by-products in one synthetic peptide preparation. CTL clone KID-9 cross-reacted with allogeneic HLA-B7 and HLA-B27 molecules and recognized a distinct peptide bound to each MHC molecule. CTL clone KD-11 recognized peptides that eluted in two HPLC fractions and recognized HLA-B7-transfected peptide antigen processing defective T2 cells. These results indicate that CTL allorecognition is peptide-specific whether the allogeneic MHC molecules are expressed on normal cells or antigen processing-deficient cells.
ATP Hydrolysis and DNA Binding Confer Thermostability on the MCM Helicase (2009)

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase is the replicative helicase in archaea. The enzyme utilizes the energy derived from ATP hydrolysis to translocate along one strand of the DNA and unwind the complementary strand. Here, the effect of DNA and ATP on the thermostability of the Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus MCM protein was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The MCM protein shows a single thermal transition at 67 degrees C. The stability is dramatically altered with the appearance of a second thermal transition up to 10 degrees C higher in the presence of DNA and either ATP or ADP-AlF(4)(-), a transition-state analogue of ATP, bound to MCM. In the presence of DNA and ADP or the nonhydrolyzable ATP analogues ATPgammaS and AMP-PNP, however, only a single thermal transition is observed at temperatures slightly higher than the transition temperature of MCM alone. Thus, the results suggest that ATP hydrolysis proceeds through a transition state that decouples an interaction between the N-terminal DNA binding domain and the C-terminal catalytic domain in the presence of DNA.
Generalized Pose-and-Scale Estimation using 4-Point Congruence Constraints (2020)

We present gP4Pc, a new method for computing the absolute pose of a generalized camera with unknown internal scale from four corresponding 3D point-and-ray pairs. Unlike most pose-and-scale methods, gP4Pc is based on constraints arising from the congruence of shapes defined by two sets of four points related by an unknown similarity transformation. By choosing a novel parametrization for the problem, we derive a system of four quadratic equations in four scalar variables. The variables represent the distances of 3D points along the rays from the camera centers. After solving this system via Gröbner basis-based automatic polynomial solvers, we compute the similarity transformation using an efficient 3D point-point alignment method. We also propose a specialized variant of our solver for the case of coplanar points, which is computationally very efficient and about 3× faster than the fastest existing solver. Our experiments on real and synthetic datasets, demonstrate that gP4Pc is among the fastest methods in terms of total running time when used within a RANSAC framework, while achieving competitive numerical stability, accuracy, and robustness to noise.
Multi-User Detection in Multibeam Mobile Satellite Systems: A Fair Performance Evaluation (2013)

Multi-User Detection (MUD) techniques are currently being examined as promising technologies for the next generation of broadband, interactive, multibeam satellite communication (SatCom) systems. Results in the existing literature have shown that when full frequency and polarization reuse is employed and user signals are jointly processed at the gateway, more than threefold gains in terms of spectral efficiency over conventional systems can be obtained. However, the information theoretic results for the capacity of the multibeam satellite channel are given under ideal assumptions, disregarding the implementation constraints of such an approach. Considering a real system implementation, the adoption of full resource reuse is bound to increase the payload complexity and power consumption. Since these novel techniques require extra payload resources, fairness issues in the comparison among the two approaches arise. The present contribution evaluates in a fair manner, the performance of the return link (RL) of a SatCom system serving mobile users that are jointly decoded at the receiver. In this context, the throughput performance of the assumed system is compared to that of a conventional one, under the constraint of equal physical layer resource utilization; thus the comparison can be regarded as fair. Results show, that even when systems operate under the same payload requirements as the conventional systems, a significant gain can be realized, especially in the high SNR region. Finally, existing analytical formulas are also employed to provide closed form descriptions of the performance of clustered systems, thus introducing insights on how the performance scales with respect to the system parameters.
Crystal and molecular structure of [.alpha.-N-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-L-histidinato](L-alaninato)cobalt(III) dihydrate (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal and molecular structure of [.alpha.-N-(o-hydroxybenzyl)-L-histidinato](L-alaninato)cobalt(III) dihydrateKenneth E. Voss, Robert J. Angelici, and Robert A. JacobsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1978, 17, 7, 1922–1925Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50185a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50185a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Spine morphogenesis in newborn granule cells is differentially regulated in the outer and middle molecular layers (2014)

New neurons are continuously added to the hippocampus of adult mammals. Their survival and integration into the circuitry are highly dependent on experience. Here we show that mushroom spine formation in newborn granule cells was modulated by experience and that dendritic segments in different areas of the molecular layer were differentially regulated. Specifically, spines of new neurons in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus were more readily influenced by nonspatial features in the living environment. Those in the middle molecular layer were more likely to be influenced by the size of the living environment. Therefore, the activity of cortical inputs into newborn granule cells may be reflected in the formation of mushroom spines in different dendritic segments in the molecular layer.
Three functionally distinct helper T-cell clones: the roles for antigen non-specific helper factors in B-cell activation through two different pathways. (1985)

We established three functionally distinct purified protein derivative (PPD)-reactive T-cell clones (B11.15, B12.F and D-2). Clone B11.15 could co-operate with DNP-primed B cells to induce anti-DNP IgG plaque-forming cell (PFC) responses only when high amounts of PPD were added to the culture, whereas stimulation of a low amount of DNP-PPD was ineffective (factor-mediated interaction). On the other hand, clone D-2 activated those B cells in a MHC-restricted manner only when DNP-PPD was added to the culture (cognate interaction). B12.F could stimulate B cells with either PPD or DNP-PPD. Antigen non-specific helper factors (lymphokines) responsible for B-cell activation produced by cloned T cells upon stimulation with PPD and antigen-presenting cells were then investigated. Lymphokine activities determined in the present study were IL-2, BCGF I, BCGF II and TRF. BCGF I activity was determined by proliferation-inducing activity on purified B cells in the presence of anti-IgM antibody. BCGF II activity was measured by proliferation-inducing activity on purified B cells in the presence of dextran sulphate. TRF activity was determined on DNP-primed B cells for inducing further differentiation into anti-DNP IgG PFC. BCGF I active molecules were eluted in the fraction at apparent MW of 50,000-70,000 and 8,000-10,000 in gel-permeation column chromatography.
Microfluidic ion mobility chromatograph (2004)

This paper describes the development of a microfluidic ion mobility chromatograph for small inorganic ion analysis.
WFS1/wolframin mutations, Wolfram syndrome, and associated diseases (2001)

Wolfram syndrome (WS) is the inherited association of juvenile-onset insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus and progressive bilateral optic atrophy. A nuclear gene, WFS1/wolframin, was identified that segregated with disease status and demonstrated an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Mutation analysis of the WFS1 gene in WS patients has identified mutations in 90% of patients. Most were compound heterozygotes with private mutations distributed throughout the gene with no obvious hotspots. The private nature of the mutations in WS patients and the low frequencies make it difficult to determine the biological or clinical relevance of these mutations. Mutation screening in patients with psychiatric disorders or diabetes mellitus has also been performed to test the hypothesis that heterozygous carriers of WFS1 gene mutations are at an increased risk following the observation that WS first-degree relatives have a higher frequency of these disorders. Most studies showed no association, however two missense mutations were identified that demonstrated significant association with psychiatric disorders and diabetes mellitus. Population association studies and functional studies of these variants will need to be performed to confirm these preliminary results. The elucidation of functions and functional pathways for the WFS1 gene product and variants will shed light on the effect of such disparate mutations on gene function and their role in the resulting clinical phenotype in WS and associated disorders. Hum Mutat 17:357–367, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Femtosecond-laser-encoded distributed-feedback color center laser in lithium fluoride single crystals (2004)

Laser-active F2 centers were produced in lithium fluoride (LiF) at a concentration of 2×1018 cm−3 by irradiating focused femtosecond (fs) laser pulses from a mode-locked titanium sapphire laser (wavelength ∼800 nm, emission pulse duration ∼100 fs). This technique was used to write waveguides embedded in LiF crystals. A refractive index change estimated from a guide propagation method was approximately +1% at a wavelength of 633 nm. Refractive index-modulated volume-type gratings were also encoded inside LiF crystals by a single interfered fs laser pulse. The distributed feedback laser structure was fabricated using the gratings thus encoded, which exhibited a room-temperature F2-color center laser oscillation at 707 nm. This demonstrates a DFB color center laser operating at room temperature utilizing photon written, permanent Bragg gratings.
Numerical Modeling and Measurement of Apis Mellifera Radar Scattering Properties (2021)

This study investigates a means through which commercially available computational electromagnetic modeling software can be used to predict radar cross sections (RCSs) of airborne organisms of interest as a preliminary step toward enabling detection and tracking of these organisms. This work aims to analyze this framework for the specialized case of the honey bee ( <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Apis mellifera</i> ), given its critical role in food security as a major pollinator of agricultural crops. A Method-of-Moment (MoM) solver made available by Altair’s FEKO is used to conduct the analysis over varying frequencies, illumination angles, and polarizations. A high degree of correlation between measured and modeled cross sections is noted. Maximum RCS root-mean-square errors (RMSEs) between the two are approximately 4 and 5 dB relative to 1 <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\text{m}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> (dBsm) for Horizontal polarization (H-pol) and Vertical polarization (V-pol) X-band measurements, respectively. Findings of this study also highlight the sensitivity of both modeled and measured RCS estimates to the dielectric properties of honey bees and the corrupting effects that this may have if not accounted for accurately, where errors are shown to increase from 2 to 5 dBsm, but without significantly corrupting the overall RCS azimuth profile.