gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulsradiolyse und Polarographie Die pH‐Abhängigkeit der Oxydations‐ und Reduktionspotentiale kurzlebiger organischer Radikale an der Hg‐Tropfelektrode (1972)

Abstract Die polarographischen Kurven der Radikale CH 3 CHOH, CH(OH) 2 , CH 3 CHOC 2 H 5 , CH 2 COOH, C 6 H 6 OH, CH 2 C(CH 3 ) 2 OH und CH 3 CHC(CH 3 ) 2 OH wurden bei verschiedenen pH‐Werten der wäβrigen Lösung aufgenommen. Bei vielen Radikalen ist die Lage der Reduktionsstufe in alkalischer Lösung unabhängig vom p H‐Wert; in saurer Lösung verschiebt sie sich zu positiveren Potentialen mit fallendem p H. Die Oxydationsstufe zeigt oft das umgekehrte Verhalten. Das C 6 H 6 OH‐Radikal zeichnet sich durch die p H‐Unabhängigkeit beider Stufen aus; ähnliches Verhalten zeigt das CH 3 CHOC 2 H 5 ‐Radikal. Die Frage der Reversibilität der ablaufenden Elektrodenprozesse wird diskutiert und Mechanismen werden angegeben, die qualitativ die beobachteten Erscheinungen zu verstehen gestatten.
Conversion of 7-Dehydrocholesterol to Vitamin D3 in Vivo: Isolation and Identification of Previtamin D3 from Skin (1977)

Conversion of 7-Dehydrocholesterol to Vitamin D3 in Vivo: Isolation and Identification of Previtamin D3 from Skin was published in Vitamin D - Biochemical, Chemical and Clinical Aspects Related to Calcium Metabolism on page 135.
Aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia in HIV-infected South African adults (2014)

Background: Few recent comprehensive studies are available on the aetiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in HIV-infected adults which include bacterial and viral organisms in developing countries. Methods & Materials: Induced sputum, blood cultures, urine, nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) and aspirates (NPA) were collected from HIV-infected adults hospitalized with radiologically confirmed pneumonia with symptoms of ≤14 days not currently receiving treatment for tuberculosis in Soweto, South Africa. A composite diagnostic standard for Streptococcus pneumoniae was considered positive if any of routine blood culture, good quality sputum culture or Gram stain, urinary immunochromatographic testing (ICT) for pneumococcal C-polysaccharide (Binax® Now) or lytA real-time (rt) PCR on blood were positive for pneumococcus or lytA rtPCR on NPS was ≥8000 copies/ml. Other bacterial aetiologies were identified by routine blood cultures and sputum cultures, mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) was assessed by acid-fast staining of sputum. Multiplex rtPCR for respiratory viruses and atypical bacterial pathogens (Fast-track diagnostics Respiratory pathogens plus) was used on NPA and triplex rtPCR for S. pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae from whole blood. Results: Among 280 HIV-infected persons with CAP, pneumococcus was the most frequently identified organism (n = 151 [53.9%], of which 79 [28.2%] were monoinfections; 75 [26.8%] by molecular diagnostics only), followed by TB (n = 69 [24.6%], of which 39 [13.9%] were monoinfections). 48 (17.1%) viral or mycoplasma infections were identified (10 as monoinfections, 38 as combinations mostly with pneumococcus [n = 32]). Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus influenzae were frequently detected in the nasopharynx, but only rarely isolated from blood or sputum cultures. Up to 5 different organisms were simultaneously present. No aetiology was identified in 22.9% of patients. Conclusion: Using a combination of traditional and molecular methods, an infectious aetiology could be identified in the majority of episodes of acute CAP in HIV-infected South African adults. A large proportion was attributable to polymicrobial infections, most of which included the pneumococcus or tuberculosis. Viral monoinfections were relatively infrequent. Further work is necessary to delineate the utility of bacterial or viral identification from nasopharyngeal specimens as diagnostic tools in CAP.
Pitch Dynamics Analysis for an Agricultural Tractor with Image Processing Validation through an Off-Board Camera (2019)

This work proposes an analysis of the pitch dynamics of a heavy-duty vehicle, namely an agricultural tractor. Considering maneuvers performed on a flat-asphalt surface, the analysis is performed through an image processing approach. The analysis focuses on the cabin displacement and on the vehicle body displacement. Moreover, the tires compression and the vehicle longitudinal slip are evaluated. The analysis shows how the cabin and the body displacements change in function of the vehicle longitudinal acceleration and how, due to the tires compression, the cabin and the body can oscillate, at the end of a braking maneuver. The results are used to evaluate the feasibility of a road gradient estimator based on the inertial measurement of a mono axial accelerometer installed in the cabin. In particular, the cabin displacement needs to be considered and an additional sensor which measures the cabin speed is required to avoid a drop of performance.
A Transcriptional Fingerprint of Estrogen in Human Breast Cancer Predicts Patient Survival (2008)

Estrogen signaling plays an essential role in breast cancer progression, and estrogen receptor (ER) status has long been a marker of hormone responsiveness. However, ER status alone has been an incomplete predictor of endocrine therapy, as some ER+ tumors, nevertheless, have poor prognosis. Here we sought to use expression profiling of ER+ breast cancer cells to screen for a robust estrogen-regulated gene signature that may serve as a better indicator of cancer outcome. We identified 532 estrogen-induced genes and further developed a 73-gene signature that best separated a training set of 286 primary breast carcinomas into prognostic subtypes by stepwise cross-validation. Notably, this signature predicts clinical outcome in over 10 patient cohorts as well as their respective ER+ subcohorts. Further, this signature separates patients who have received endocrine therapy into two prognostic subgroups, suggesting its specificity as a measure of estrogen signaling, and thus hormone sensitivity. The 73-gene signature also provides additional predictive value for patient survival, independent of other clinical parameters, and outperforms other previously reported molecular outcome signatures. Taken together, these data demonstrate the power of using cell culture systems to screen for robust gene signatures of clinical relevance.
The Mechanism of Enantioselective Neurosteroid Actions on GABAA Receptors (2023)

The neurosteroid allopregnanolone (ALLO) and pregnanolone (PREG), are equally effective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors. Interestingly, the PAM effects of ALLO are strongly enantioselective, whereas those of PREG are not. This study was aimed at determining the basis for this difference in enantioselectivity. The oocyte electrophysiology studies showed that <i>ent</i>-ALLO potentiates GABA-elicited currents in α<sub>1</sub>β<sub>3</sub> GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors with lower potency and efficacy than ALLO, PREG or <i>ent</i>-PREG. The small PAM effect of <i>ent</i>-ALLO was prevented by the α<sub>1</sub>(Q242L) mutation in the intersubunit neurosteroid binding site between the β<sub>3</sub> and α<sub>1</sub> subunits. Consistent with this result, neurosteroid analogue photolabeling with mass spectrometric readout, showed that <i>ent</i>-ALLO binds weakly to the β<sub>3</sub>-α<sub>1</sub> intersubunit binding site in comparison to ALLO, PREG and <i>ent</i>-PREG. Rigid body docking predicted that <i>ent</i>-ALLO binds in the intersubunit site with a preferred orientation 180° different than ALLO, PREG or <i>ent</i>-PREG, potentially explaining its weak binding and effect. Photolabeling studies did not identify differences between ALLO and <i>ent</i>-ALLO binding to the α<sub>1</sub> or β<sub>3</sub> intrasubunit binding sites that also mediate neurosteroid modulation of GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors. The results demonstrate that differential binding of <i>ent</i>-ALLO and <i>ent</i>-PREG to the β<sub>3</sub>-α<sub>1</sub> intersubunit site accounts for the difference in enantioselectivity between ALLO and PREG.
Quantifying Nanoparticle Associated Ti, Ce, Au, and Pd Occurrence in 35 U.S. Surface Waters (2021)

Mass flux models have predicted environmental concentrations of released engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), but their validation with field studies at high geographic scale has been limited. Additionally, baseline levels of natural and incidental nanoparticle (NP) occurrence are not well-established. This study begins to address these knowledge gaps by investigating the Au, Ce, Ti, and Pd NP content of 241 water samples from 35 drinking water sources across the U.S. over 6–9 months using single particle inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. Ce and Ti NPs were commonly detected, with Ce concentrations (0.3–230 μg L–1) exceeding both ENP predictions and reports of natural abundance. The Ti NP concentrations (3–2400 μg L–1) were greater than modeled ENP release and similar to the expected natural abundance. Although Au and Pd NPs were rarely detected, they were present at parts per billion levels in some samples. The NP concentrations and sizes did not differ between geographic regions but were highly variable at individual sites over time, suggesting that local changes to release rates and precipitation may cause temporary hot spots. The regional NP concentrations and sizes provided here will be useful to inform continued ENP release and risk assessment studies.
[Effect of supplementation of culture media with polyunsaturated fatty acids on the morphology and composition of cell cultures of fetal mouse brain]. (1983)

Dissociated cell cultures were grown from fetal Mouse Cerebral hemisphere taken on the 16th day of gestation. Cells grown in chemically defined medium (MCD) for 8 days contain half the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) (in %) found at day 0. Cells contain n-9 trienes demonstrating that they are grown under conditions of essential fatty acid deficiency. The reduced amount of PUFA in MCD cells is balanced by an increase in monounsaturated fatty acids. The satured fatty acids are not affected. The PUFA present in the starting cells are partly preserved and reutilized (70%). Adding fatty acids of the n-6 series increases the content of n-6 fatty acids in the cells, but also provokes an increase in the n-3 fatty acids. Among several combinations of fatty acids, only the mixture of 20:4 and 22:6, added to the culture restores a fatty acid profile similar to controls (i.e. in vivo tissue taken at post-natal day 5). The concentrations were respectively 1 microgram 20:4/25 micrograms albumin/ml and 0,5 microgram/12,5 micrograms albumin/ml. Adding PUFA stimulates the proliferation of small dense cells by more than 200% of the control, as quantified by autoradiography of 3H-thymidine. These cells are not neurons, but possibly oligodendrocytes.
Dislocation Reduction in AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures on 4H-SiC by Molecular Beam Epitaxy in the Thermal Decomposition Regime (2008)

We report improvements in the growth characteristics of AlGaN/GaN heterostructures on 4H-SiC substrates using plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. Employing recently established N-rich growth conditions at temperatures in the thermal decomposition regime of homoepitaxial (0001) GaN, this method proved successful for the reduction of threading dislocations in heteroepitaxial growth on SiC by simultaneously preserving good surface morphology free of excess Ga. This self-recovery of surface morphology at high growth temperatures overcomes the restrictions of using two-step GaN buffers as common under Ga-rich conditions. Initial results from unoptimized high electron mobility transistor structures grown under this approach exhibit decent mobilities, output powers and associated power added efficiencies larger than 1330 cm2/(V s), 7 W/mm, and 50% at 48-V drain bias, respectively.
Action-Based Scheduling: Leveraging App Interactivity for Scheduler Efficiency (2018)

The dominant portion of smartphone traffic is generated by apps that involve human interactivity. Particularly, when human users receive information from a server, they spend a few seconds of information processing before taking an action. The user processing time creates an idle communication period during the app session. Moreover, the generation of the future traffic depends on the service of the current query-response pair. In this paper, we aim at leveraging the properties of such interactions to reap quality-of-experience gains. Existing schedulers, both in practice and theory, are not designed in view of the aforementioned traffic characteristics. Theoretical works predominantly focus on scheduling of traffic that is either generated independently or directly controlled, but not governed by the specific dynamics caused by human interactions. Schedulers in practice, on the other hand, employ round-robin and processor-sharing methods to serve multiple ongoing sessions. We show that neither of these approaches is effective for serving apps that involve human interactivity. Instead, we show that optimal scheduling for interactive traffic is non-randomized over packets, which we call action-based, as it avoids breaking ongoing service of actions in order to align human response times with the service of other actions. Since the design of optimal action-based policy is computationally prohibitive, we develop low-complexity suboptimal action-based policies that are optimal for two ongoing sessions. Our numerical studies based on a real-data trace reveal that our proposed action-based policies can reduce total delay by 22% with respect to packet-based equal processor sharing.
L'extension des aires visuelles chez les sourds (1996)

Qu'elle soit d'origine génétique ou acquise dans la petite enfance, la surdité conduit à une réorganisation partielle du cerveau. On a pu montrer chez l'animal que des neurones du cortex auditif acquièrent des caractéristiques des neurones visuels. Chez l'homme, l'imagerie le confirme : tout se passe comme si une partie du cortex visuel s'appropriait certaines zones du cortex normalement destinées à l'audition. On constate par ailleurs que le langage des sourds sollicite davantage l'hémisphère droit que le langage parlé.
New approach for high-speed, high-sensitivity photodetectors (2002)

The bandwidth-efficiency product of ultra high-speed pin photodetectors has been severely limited by the thickness of the absorbing layer, the diode RC time constant, and the parasitic capacitance from the periphery of device. In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a novel long-wavelength detector structure with a mushroom-like mesa and an air-bridged coplanar metal to significantly cut down both the diode RC constant as well as the parasitic capacitance. The quantum efficiency of this structure can be further enhanced to close to 100 % if wafer fusion is used to bond the In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/-InP detector to a GaAs/AlAs quarter-wave stack (QWS), followed by deposition of a Si/SiO/sub 2/ QWS to form a Fabry-Perot cavity.
Epoxidöffnungskaskaden zur Synthese polycyclischer Polyether‐Naturstoffe (2009)

Abstract Die polycyclischen Strukturelemente von Polyether‐Naturstoffen können in einigen Fällen bis auf ihren Ursprung in der Biosynthese zurückverfolgt werden, in anderen, weniger gut verstandenen Fällen jedoch nur auf vorgeschlagene Biosynthesewege, die spekulative Epoxidöffnungskaskaden vorsehen. In diesem Aufsatz wird zusammengefasst, wie solche Reaktionskaskaden zur Synthese polycyclischer Polyether und verwandter Naturstoffe genutzt wurden. magnified image Polycyclische Polyether‐Naturstoffe sind wegen ihrer faszinierenden Struktur und ihrer biologischen Eigenschaften von besonderem Interesse. Letztere umfassen potenziell therapeutische antibiotische und fungizide Wirkungen sowie Antikrebswirkungen und außerdem eine starke Giftwirkung bis hin zur Letalität. Die polycyclischen Strukturelemente dieser Verbindungsklasse können in einigen Fällen bis auf ihren Ursprung in der Biosynthese zurückverfolgt werden, in anderen, weniger gut verstandenen Fällen jedoch nur auf vorgeschlagene Biosynthesewege, die spekulative Epoxidöffnungskaskaden vorsehen. In diesem Aufsatz wird zusammengefasst, wie solche Reaktionskaskaden zur Synthese polycyclischer Polyether und verwandter Naturstoffe genutzt wurden.
INO: Interplanetary Network of Optical Lattice Clocks (2018)

The new technique of measuring frequency by optical lattice clocks now approaches to the relative precision of $(Δf/f)=O(10^{-18})$. We propose to place such precise clocks in space and to use Doppler tracking method for detecting low-frequency gravitational wave below 1 Hz. Our idea is to locate three spacecrafts at one A.U. distance (say at L1, L4 &amp; L5 of the Sun-Earth orbit), and apply the Doppler tracking method by communicating "the time" each other. Applying the current available technologies, we obtain the sensitivity for gravitational wave with three or four-order improvement ($h_{\rm n}\sim 10^{-17}$ or $10^{-18}$ level in $10^{-5}$Hz -- $1$ Hz) than that of Cassini spacecraft in 2001. This sensitivity enables us to observe black-hole mergers of their mass greater than $10^5 M_\odot$ in the cosmological scale. Based on the hierarchical growth model of black-holes in galaxies, we estimate the event rate of detection will be 20-50 a year. We nickname "INO" (Interplanetary Network of Optical Lattice Clocks) for this system, named after Tadataka Ino (1745--1818), a Japanese astronomer, cartographer, and geodesist.
The dose, energy, and time dependence of silicon self-implantation induced transient enhanced diffusion at 750 °C (1996)

The short anneal time behavior of transient enhanced diffusion of dopants in silicon is investigated experimentally using a buried boron marker layer structure and varying Si implant doses and implant energies. The diffusion behavior of the marker layer shows that the diffusivity enhancements are, to the first order, independent of the implant conditions at short anneal times, while the overall transient motion increases with increasing implant conditions. The data are analyzed using an interstitial clustering model that includes both cluster evaporation and cluster growth terms.
SCALO: An Accelerator-Rich Distributed System for Scalable Brain-Computer Interfacing (2023)

SCALO is the first distributed brain-computer interface (BCI) consisting of multiple wireless-networked implants placed on different brain regions. SCALO unlocks new treatment options for debilitating neurological disorders and new research into brain-wide network behavior. Achieving the fast and low-power communication necessary for real-time processing has historically restricted BCIs to single brain sites. SCALO also adheres to tight power constraints, but enables fast distributed processing. Central to SCALO's efficiency is its realization as a full stack distributed system of brain implants with accelerator-rich compute. SCALO balances modular system layering with aggressive cross-layer hardware-software co-design to integrate compute, networking, and storage. The result is a lesson in designing energy-efficient networked distributed systems with hardware accelerators from the ground up.
Molecular analysis of the BCL-3 locus at chromosome 17q22 in B-cell neoplasms (1993)

To better understand the role of the BCL-3 locus at chromosome 17q22 in the pathogenesis and progression of leukemias and lymphomas, we examined its genomic configuration in 264 B-cell malignancies and its expression in a smaller subset. Cases studied included 39 chronic lymphocytic leukemias, 58 low-grade follicular lymphomas, 20 mantle cell lymphomas, 30 small noncleaved cell lymphomas, 25 acute lymphoblastic leukemias, 10 acquired immunodeficiency syndrome--related non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, and 44 diffuse mixed- or diffuse large-cell lymphomas. In addition, 38 aggressive lymphomas (transformed follicular lymphomas) derived from previously indolent follicular lymphomas were examined. Southern blot analysis showed BCL-3 locus rearrangement in 4 cases (1.5%), ie, in 3 transformed follicular lymphomas and in 1 indolent follicular lymphoma. All 4 also had BCL-2 rearrangements consistent with their follicular center cell origin. None of the BCL-3 rearranged cases showed MYC gene rearrangement, as reported for the original leukemia that led to the discovery of BCL-3. Pretransformation specimens of all three transformed follicular lymphomas showed the presence of the BCL-3 alteration before histologic progression. In 1 case, serial pretransformation biopsies showed that the BCL-3 rearrangement was acquired during the indolent follicular phase of the patient's disease. Thirty lymphomas, including 2 of the 4 with BCL-3 rearrangement, were also examined for BCL-3 message. All 30, including the 2 with BCL-3 rearrangements, expressed the normal 1.7-kb BCL-3 transcript, at approximately equivalent levels. The data indicate that, although BCL-3 locus alterations are found in only a small fraction of B-cell lymphoid malignancies, they occur primarily in a subset of follicular center cell lymphomas. Interestingly, these alterations appear to be acquired during the indolent (follicular) phase of the disease and they are maintained when histologic transformation takes place. The data also suggest that BCL-3 locus alterations do not result in gross changes of BCL-3 gene expression and do not necessarily involve the MYC gene. Although the preferential involvement of BCL-3 alterations in a small subset of follicular lymphomas that transform suggests a possible link between these abnormalities and progression, further studies are needed to ensure that these alterations are biologically relevant and not simply a manifestation of genomic instability.
A Survey of Low-Temperature Operational Boundaries of Navy and Marine Corps Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries (2016)

The U.S. Navy and U.S. Marine Corps have identified a strategic interest to operate lithium-ion batteries in cold climate regions as well as undersea and in high altitude environments. The environmental operating envelope is expanded towards low temperatures, pushing the boundaries of safe operation of lithium and lithium-ion batteries. While low-temperature discharge data is widely reported by battery manufacturers for lithium and lithium-ion chemistries, there is a lack of data regarding the low-temperature recharging capability of lithium-ion batteries. This report presents the need to understand and identify the lower threshold temperatures for safe, reliable recharging of lithium-ion batteries to provide repeatable discharge capacities, a critical need for the Navy and Marine Corps to execute their missions. There is also a need to develop robust low temperature recharging characterization tools, including in situ techniques, diagnostics, and postmortem studies. The development of advanced materials and improved pulse recharging protocols could further support the warfighter with high-performance, safe lithium and lithium-ion batteries.
Applying Compute-Proximal Energy Harvesting to Develop Self-Sustained Systems for Automobiles (2021)

A major cost, inconvenience, and source of failure for adding sensors and electronic accessories to automobiles is wiring the systems into the car’s power supply. We propose an alternative approach, computer-proximal energy harvesting, which harvests power locally, so wiring is not needed. In this article, we provide an overview of the principles and empirical evaluations for harvesting energy in and around the automobile exploring the role that wind, light, vibration, and heat can play in this process. To better explore these concepts, we demonstrate two prototypes—A thermoelectric energy-based parking assistant, which is attached to the exhaust pipe, and a wind-powered external pedestrian display, which is anchored to the front bumper of a car.