gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
INDUCTION OF SPECIES-SPECIFIC HOST ACCOMMODATION IN THE HAMSTER-TO-LEWIS RAT TRANSPLANTATION MODEL (1998)

474 Background: The combination of two immunosuppressants, leflunomide (Lef) and cyclosporine (CsA), completely inhibits immune xenoreactions in the hamster-to-Lewis rat xenotransplantation model. In addition, a transient treatment with Lef and CsA subdues early T-independent xenoreactivity and uncovers a late immune response that can be controlled by CsA alone. We attribute this acquired sensitivity to CsA to a modification in the recipient's humoral response to the xenograft and refer to this change as host accommodation. This study further characterizes the induction of host accommodation in this rodent model of concordant xenotransplantation. Methods: Accommodation was induced in Lewis rats transplanted with hearts from Golden Syrian hamster with the combination of Lef (5 mg/kg/d) and CsA (20 mg/kg/d) for 7-21 days and maintained on CsA (20 mg/kg/d) for the duration of the experiment. The specificity of the accommodated state was defined by transplanting additional hamster or mouse hearts into the accommodated Lewis recipients. The titers of xenoreactive antibodies were determined by flow cytometry. Results: Host accommodation was induced in Lewis rats receiving hamster hearts and the combination of Lef and CsA, but not with either of these agents alone. A ≥7 day treatment of Lef and CsA was able to convert xenoreactivity from one that was resistant to CsA treatment into one that was completely controlled by CsA. The presence of the hamster xenograft was critical for the induction of host accommodation since the immunosuppressive regimen alone, or in combination with donor-specific transfusion with spleen cells, were unable to modify the anti-hamster reactivity in Lewis rats. Finally we report that when accommodation was induced in the presence of hamster hearts, these accommodated Lewis rats were able to acutely reject third-party mouse hearts while under CsA therapy. Conclusions: Induction of host accommodation requires the combination of Lef and CsA as well as the presence of the xenograft, and is associated with a loss in the ability to mount a T-independent xenoantibody response. The ability of the accommodated host to respond with a T-dependent xenoantibody response is retained and is controllable with CsA alone. Finally, the species-specificity of host-accommodation suggests that xenoreactive T-independent humoral responses can be selectively deleted without significant loss of other innate, antigen-specific T-independent humoral responses.
Overexpressing the novel autocrine/endocrine adipokine WISP2 induces hyperplasia of the heart, white and brown adipose tissues and prevents insulin resistance (2017)

Abstract WISP2 is a novel adipokine, most highly expressed in the adipose tissue and primarily in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells. As a secreted protein, it is an autocrine/paracrine activator of canonical WNT signaling and, as an intracellular protein, it helps to maintain precursor cells undifferentiated. To examine effects of increased WISP2 in vivo , we generated an aP2-WISP2 transgenic (Tg) mouse. These mice had increased serum levels of WISP2, increased lean body mass and whole body energy expenditure, hyperplastic brown/white adipose tissues and larger hyperplastic hearts. Obese Tg mice remained insulin sensitive, had increased glucose uptake by adipose cells and skeletal muscle in vivo and ex vivo , increased GLUT4, increased ChREBP and markers of adipose tissue lipogenesis. Serum levels of the novel fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs) were increased and transplantation of Tg adipose tissue improved glucose tolerance in recipient mice supporting a role of secreted FAHFAs. The growth-promoting effect of WISP2 was shown by increased BrdU incorporation in vivo and Tg serum increased mesenchymal precursor cell proliferation in vitro . In contrast to conventional canonical WNT ligands, WISP2 expression was inhibited by BMP4 thereby allowing normal induction of adipogenesis. WISP2 is a novel secreted regulator of mesenchymal tissue cellularity.
On The Use of Quantum Communications for Securing IoT Devices in the 6G Era (2021)

The Internet of Things (IoT) connects billions of machines that can interact with each other. IoT is one of the fastest-growing areas in the history of computing, and will continue in this direction in the 6G era. New security problems have been raised, however, since implementing protection mechanisms for IoT devices, such as encryption, authentication, and so on, is inefficient, due to their inherent flaws. Therefore, a new method of protecting IoT devices needs to be sought. Quantum security depends on the natural physical phenomenon (quantum mechanics) and offers an appropriate and powerful security technique. This paper suggests a new approach for simulating the quantum key distribution between IoT devices and a server to encrypt the data sent to the server. It also demonstrates the simplicity of this new method, and its efficiency in producing a quantum key distribution (QKD) simulation. In addition, it describes the use of the final length key for symmetrical security for IoT devices. Moreover, the simulation of the attacker between the server and IoT devices is performed.
P‐37: Research on Modification of Warpage Printing Ink for MiniLED Substrate (2021)

By changing the ink molecules, Under the condition of ensuring the ink reflectivity, the ink warpage is reduced from 10 mm to less than 0.5 mm, The product specifications and process requirements of the later stage are met.
Processing and performance of gold MCMs (1993)

The use of gold metallization in multichip modules (MCMs) has been investigated for the purpose of achieving simplified processing and high reliability. A process has been developed for producing multilayered, gold metallization thin film MCM (MCM-D) structures which reduces the number of processing steps compared to copper metallization. Multilayered gold-polymer and gold-SiO/sub 2/ test devices have been fabricated to evaluate the electrical and mechanical properties of the structures. The adhesion of a variety of dielectrics has been achieved by blanket coverage of the noble metal with a single step adhesion layer. The processing, performance, adhesion layer, and cost of gold MCM-D structures on silicon substrates have been analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Characterization of Host Responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa Acute Infection in the Lungs and Blood and after Treatment with the Synthetic Immunomodulatory Peptide IDR-1002 (2018)

<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> is an opportunistic pathogen that causes nosocomial pneumonia and infects patients with cystic fibrosis. <i>P. aeruginosa</i> lung infections are difficult to treat due to bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and strains with multidrug resistance are becoming more prevalent. Here, we examined the use of a small host defense peptide, innate defense regulator 1002 (IDR-1002), in an acute <i>P. aeruginosa</i> lung infection <i>in vivo</i> IDR-1002 significantly reduced the bacterial burden in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), as well as MCP-1 in BALF and serum, KC in serum, and interleukin 6 (IL-6) in BALF. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted on lungs and whole blood, and the effects of <i>P. aeruginosa</i>, IDR-1002, and the combination of <i>P. aeruginosa</i> and IDR-1002 were evaluated. Differential gene expression analysis showed that <i>P. aeruginosa</i> increased multiple inflammatory and innate immune pathways, as well as affected hemostasis, matrix metalloproteinases, collagen biosynthesis, and various metabolism pathways in the lungs and/or blood. Infected mice treated with IDR-1002 had significant changes in gene expression compared to untreated infected mice, with fewer differentially expressed genes associated with the inflammatory and innate immune responses to microbial infection, and treatment also affected morphogenesis, certain metabolic pathways, and lymphocyte activation. Overall, these results showed that IDR-1002 was effective in treating <i>P. aeruginosa</i> acute lung infections and associated inflammation.
Synthesis of chemicals by metabolic engineering of microbes (2015)

Metabolic engineering is a powerful tool for the sustainable production of chemicals. Over the years, the exploration of microbial, animal and plant metabolism has generated a wealth of valuable genetic information. The prudent application of this knowledge on cellular metabolism and biochemistry has enabled the construction of novel metabolic pathways that do not exist in nature or enhance existing ones. The hand in hand development of computational technology, protein science and genetic manipulation tools has formed the basis of powerful emerging technologies that make the production of green chemicals and fuels a reality. Microbial production of chemicals is more feasible compared to plant and animal systems, due to simpler genetic make-up and amenable growth rates. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis of biofuels, value added chemicals, pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals via metabolic engineering of microbes.
Wafer reconstitution with precision dry front-to-front registration (2009)

This paper demonstrates a dry heterogeneous integration process for embedding CMOS chips into a partially-complete MEMS silicon wafer. By using standard IC processing, we create passive alignment structures in backside cavities on the MEMS wafer. The precision dry assembly utilizes front-to-front registration, removing the need for sidewall slope control of the backside Deep Reactive Ion Etch (DRIE). With dummy dice emulating CMOS chips, we show better than plusmn3 mum alignment in both the x- and y-directions after manual die insertion. This process allows formation of high density and low parasitic contacts between the embedded chips and wafer, by sputter deposition of metal to form vias and interconnects.
2GHz 2Mb 2T Gain-Cell Memory Macro with 128GB/s Bandwidth in a 65nm Logic Process (2008)

As silicon technology scales, the possibility of fabricating dense memories is of great interest, particularly if the solution has low to no additional process cost. We demonstrate a 2Mb 2T gain-cell macro with 128GB/s bandwidth, fast 2ns cycle time, operating at 2GHz in a native 65nm logic process. Fast read access and cycle times are critical in lookup applications such as tag RAMs in microprocessors where read queries are abundant. In such a scenario replacing SRAM with a denser fast memory is desired. The 2T fully pipelined gain-cell macro features non-destructive read, partial-write support and sustains 8-cycle successive access to the same memory bank. The macro is fabricated in a high-performance 65nm process featuring 1.2nm nitrided gate oxide, 35nm gate length, enhanced channel strain, NiSi silicide, 8 layers of Cu metal interconnect, and low-K ILD enabling data-buses from the memory banks to run as high as 2GHz. This technology has a 0.57 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> 6T SRAM cell. All internal circuits of the macro operate with a logic-compatible nominal IV supply with the exception of wordline drivers.
Set Theoretic Quantization Index Modulation Watermarking (2006)

We introduce a set theoretic framework for quantization index modulation (QIM) watermarking and illustrate its potency by designing a semi-fragile watermark that is both visually adaptive and tolerant to compression. We determine the watermarked image to satisfy the multiple constraints of watermark detectability, imperceptibility and robustness to compression using the method of projections onto convex sets (POCS). Mark embedding is performed through implicit quantization of statistical features, specifically the mean, of randomly selected pixel locations from the image. This is accomplished by defining a detectability constraint set that imposes the quantization constraint. We present experimental results demonstrating the efficacy of the technique in the presence of JPEG compression
B Cell Activation by Outer Membrane Vesicles—A Novel Virulence Mechanism (2010)

Secretion of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) is an intriguing phenomenon of Gram-negative bacteria and has been suggested to play a role as virulence factors. The respiratory pathogens Moraxella catarrhalis reside in tonsils adjacent to B cells, and we have previously shown that M. catarrhalis induce a T cell independent B cell response by the immunoglobulin (Ig) D-binding superantigen MID. Here we demonstrate that Moraxella are endocytosed and killed by human tonsillar B cells, whereas OMV have the potential to interact and activate B cells leading to bacterial rescue. The B cell response induced by OMV begins with IgD B cell receptor (BCR) clustering and Ca(2+) mobilization followed by BCR internalization. In addition to IgD BCR, TLR9 and TLR2 were found to colocalize in lipid raft motifs after exposure to OMV. Two components of the OMV, i.e., MID and unmethylated CpG-DNA motifs, were found to be critical for B cell activation. OMV containing MID bound to and activated tonsillar CD19(+) IgD(+) lymphocytes resulting in IL-6 and IgM production in addition to increased surface marker density (HLA-DR, CD45, CD64, and CD86), whereas MID-deficient OMV failed to induce B cell activation. DNA associated with OMV induced full B cell activation by signaling through TLR9. Importantly, this concept was verified in vivo, as OMV equipped with MID and DNA were found in a 9-year old patient suffering from Moraxella sinusitis. In conclusion, Moraxella avoid direct interaction with host B cells by redirecting the adaptive humoral immune response using its superantigen-bearing OMV as decoys.
Towards ultrasonic brain imaging (2002)

Ultrasonic imaging system capabilities are strongly dependent on the focusing quality of the ultrasonic beam. The beam width and sidelobe level constrain respectively the resolution and contrast of the final image. In the case of brain imaging, it is well-known that the skull strongly degrades the ultrasonic focusing pattern by introducing substantial phase and amplitude aberrations of the wavefront. In previous work, this degradation of the beam focus had been partially corrected by coupling the time reversal focusing process to an amplitude compensation of the emitted signals. In that case, the optimal focus was reproduced down to -20 dB, but the sidelobe level remained at about -25 dB. We propose here a new focusing technique based on the calculation of the spatio-temporal inverse filter of the propagation. Experimental focusing through the skull is now comparable to the focusing in a homogeneous medium. In the transmit-receive mode, focusing through the skull could reach the optimal level obtained in water down to -70 dB (i.e. constrained only by experimental noise levels.).
Efficient E-Beam Lithography Exposure Strategies for Diffractive X-ray Optics (2011)

Exposure of structures with rotational symmetry by means of electron beam lithography is not trivial, because the e-beam writers are usually designed to deal with the data defined in Cartesian coordinates. Fabrication of circular nanostructures like Fresnel zone plates (FZPs) for x-ray microscopy applications requires with resolution well below 1 nm. Therefore, special attention has to be paid to the efficient exposure data preparation, which will guarantee required precision and allow keeping the exposure time low. In this article, we describe in detail an optimized strategy that was applied for exposure of FZPs by the Vistec EBPG5000Plus e-beam lithography tool. Direct programming of exposure files allowed us to use fully the capabilities of this e-beam writer to expose efficiently and reproducibly FZPs with desired characteristics in both positive and negative tone resists.
High Thermoelectric Performance in PbSe–NaSbSe2 Alloys from Valence Band Convergence and Low Thermal Conductivity (2019)

Abstract PbSe is an attractive thermoelectric material due to its favorable electronic structure, high melting point, and lower cost compared to PbTe. Herein, the hitherto unexplored alloys of PbSe with NaSbSe 2 (NaPb m SbSe m +2 ) are described and the most promising p‐type PbSe‐based thermoelectrics are found among them. Surprisingly, it is observed that below 500 K, NaPb m SbSe m +2 exhibits unorthodox semiconducting‐like electrical conductivity, despite possessing degenerate carrier densities of ≈10 20 cm −3 . It is shown that the peculiar behavior derives from carrier scattering by the grain boundaries. It is further demonstrated that the high solubility of NaSbSe 2 in PbSe augments both the thermoelectric properties while maintaining a rock salt structure. Namely, density functional theory calculations and photoemission spectroscopy demonstrate that introduction of NaSbSe 2 lowers the energy separation between the L‐ and Σ‐valence bands and enhances the power factors under 700 K. The crystallographic disorder of Na + , Pb 2+ , and Sb 3+ moreover provides exceptionally strong point defect phonon scattering yielding low lattice thermal conductivities of 1–0.55 W m ‐1 K ‐1 between 400 and 873 K without nanostructures. As a consequence, NaPb 10 SbSe 12 achieves maximum ZT ≈1.4 near 900 K when optimally doped. More importantly, NaPb 10 SbSe 12 maintains high ZT across a broad temperature range, giving an estimated record ZT avg of ≈0.64 between 400 and 873 K, a significant improvement over existing p‐type PbSe thermoelectrics.
Assessment of Immunogenicity and Efficacy of CV0501 mRNA-based Omicron COVID-19 Vaccination in Small Animal Models (2023)

Abstract Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron and its subvariants (BA.2, BA.4, BA.5) represent the most commonly circulating variants of concern (VOC) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2022. Despite high vaccination rates with approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines encoding the ancestral spike (S) protein, these Omicron subvariants have collectively resulted in increased viral transmission and disease incidence. This necessitates the development and characterization of vaccines incorporating later emerging S proteins to enhance protection against VOC. In this context, bivalent vaccine formulations may induce broad protection against VOC and potential future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report preclinical data for a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated RNActive® N1-methylpseudouridine (N1mΨ) modified mRNA vaccine (CV0501) based on our second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CV2CoV, encoding the S protein of Omicron BA.1. The immunogenicity of CV0501, alone or in combination with a corresponding vaccine encoding the ancestral S protein (ancestral N1mΨ), was first measured in dose-response and booster immunization studies performed in Wistar rats. Both monovalent CV0501 and bivalent CV0501/ancestral N1mΨ immunization induced robust neutralizing antibody titers against the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants, in addition to other SARS-CoV-2 variants in a booster immunization study. The protective efficacy of monovalent CV0501 against live SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 infection was then assessed in hamsters. Monovalent CV0501 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 viral loads in the airways, demonstrating protection induced by CV0501 vaccination. CV0501 has now advanced into human Phase 1 clinical trials ( ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05477186 ).
STRATEGIES FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF LINEAR, HYPERBRANCHED POLYMERS AND DENDRIMERS INCORPORATING P=N BONDS. (1999)

The preparation of linear or hyperbranched polymers and of dendrimers elaborated from the same building block OC6H4P(Ph)2=N-P=S are reported. The solution behaviour, SEC characterization, intrinsic viscosity behaviour of all 'these new polymers are presented
Buffer-enhanced room-temperature growth and characterization of epitaxial ZnO thin films (2005)

The room-temperature epitaxial growth of ZnO thin films on NiO buffered sapphire (0001) substrate was achieved by using the laser molecular-beam-epitaxy method. The obtained ZnO films had the ultrasmooth surface reflecting the nanostepped structure of the sapphire substrate. The crystal structure at the surface was investigated in situ by means of coaxial impact-collision ion scattering spectroscopy. It was proved that the buffer-enhanced epitaxial ZnO thin films grown at room temperature had +c polarity, while the polarity of high-temperature grown ZnO thin films on the sapphire was −c. Photoluminescence spectra at room temperature were measured for the epitaxial ZnO films, showing only the strong ultraviolet emission near 380nm.
Dissimilarity measure of local structure in inorganic crystals using Wasserstein distance to search for novel phosphors (2021)

To efficiently search for novel phosphors, we propose a dissimilarity measure of local structure using the Wasserstein distance. This simple and versatile method provides the quantitative dissimilarity of a local structure around a center ion. To calculate the Wasserstein distance, the local structures in crystals are numerically represented as a bag of interatomic distances. The Wasserstein distance is calculated for various ideal structures and local structures in known phosphors. The variation of the Wasserstein distance corresponds to the structural variation of the local structures, and the Wasserstein distance can quantitatively explain the dissimilarity of the local structures. The correlation between the Wasserstein distance and the full width at half maximum suggests that candidates for novel narrow-band phosphors can be identified by crystal structures that include local structures with small Wasserstein distances to local structures of known narrow-band phosphors. The quantitative dissimilarity using the Wasserstein distance is useful in the search of novel phosphors and expected to be applied in materials searches in other fields in which local structures play an important role.