gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OVER 50% OF PATIENTS AT RISK OF IMPINGEMENT AFTER THA SURGERY ARE NOT CAPTURED WITH NEUTRAL BONY ALIGNMENT (2023)

Dislocation is one of the most common complications in total hip arthroplasty (THA) and is primarily driven by bony or prosthetic impingement. The aim of this study was two-fold. First, to develop a simulation that incorporates the functional position of the femur and pelvis and instantaneously determines range of motion (ROM) limits. Second, to assess the number of patients for whom their functional bony alignment escalates impingement risk. 468 patients underwent a preoperative THA planning protocol that included functional x-rays and a lower limb CT scan. The CT scan was segmented and landmarked, and the x-rays were measured for pelvic tilt, femoral rotation, and preoperative leg length discrepancy (LLD). All patients received 3D templating with the same implant combination (Depuy; Corail/Pinnacle). Implants were positioned according to standardised criteria. Each patient was simulated in a novel ROM simulation that instantaneously calculates bony and prosthetic impingement limits in functional movements. Simulated motions included flexion and standing-external rotation (ER). Each patient's ROM was simulated with their bones oriented in both functional and neutral positions. 13% patients suffered a ROM impingement for functional but not neutral extension-ER. As a result, 48% patients who failed the functional-ER simulation would not be detected without consideration of the functional bony alignment. 16% patients suffered a ROM impingement for functional but not neutral flexion. As a result, 65% patients who failed the flexion simulation would not be detected without consideration of the functional bony alignment. We have developed a ROM simulation for use with preoperative planning for THA surgery that can solve bony and prosthetic impingement limits instantaneously. The advantage of our ROM simulation over previous simulations is instantaneous impingement detection, not requiring implant geometries to be analysed prior to use, and addressing the functional position of both the femur and pelvis.
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning in the Pacific Islands (1998 to 2008) (2011)

This level of incidence exceeds prior ciguatera estimates locally and globally, and raises the status of ciguatera to an acute and chronic illness with major public health significance. To address this significant public health problem, which is expected to increase in parallel with environmental change, well-funded multidisciplinary research teams are needed to translate research advances into practical management solutions.
Linear and Nonlinear Control of Distributed Power Generation Systems (2006)

In this paper, different control structures applied to distributed power generation system are discussed. Implementation of proportional-integral (PI), proportional-resonant (PR), hysteresis and dead beat controller in different reference frames is also treated. An evaluation in terms of current harmonic distortion when running in steady state condition is made. Additionally, the controllers' behavior in transient operation such as step in current reference and single phase fault in the utility grid has also been studied. Experimental results are presented for their evaluation
Sleep Induction by Mechanosensory Stimulation in Drosophila (2020)

Summary People tend to fall asleep when gently rocked or vibrated. Experimental studies have shown rocking promotes sleep in humans and mice. The prevailing “synchronization” model proposes synchronization of brain activity to mechanosensory stimuli mediates the phenomenon. The alternative “habituation” model proposes habituation, a form of non-associative learning, mediates sleep induction by monotonous stimulation. Here we show that gentle vibration promotes sleep in Drosophila in part through habituation. Vibration-induced sleep (VIS) leads to the accrual of homeostatic sleep credit, is associated with reduced arousability, and can be suppressed by heightened arousal. Sleep induction improves over successive blocks of vibration and exhibits stimulus specificity, supporting the habituation model. Multiple mechanosensory organs mediate VIS, and the magnitude of sleep gain depends on the vibration frequency and genetic background. Our findings suggest habituation is a major contributor to VIS, but synchronization of brain activity may play a role under certain stimulus conditions.
Performance of a sequence inverse keyed CDMA system in an indoor wireless infrared channel (2002)

A sequence inverse keyed (SIK) code-division multiple-access (CDMA) system is proposed for an indoor wireless infrared channel. The proposed system employs an m-sequence as a signature sequence. On-off keying (OOK) is used as a modulation scheme. The bit error rate of the proposed system is evaluated by analysis and computer simulation. It is shown that the SIK OOK-CDMA system is more robust against multi-user interference than the OOK-CDMA system with an optical orthogonal code (OOC) in an indoor environment and the former has lower complexity than the latter due to zero-valued threshold detector in the receiver.
Organometallic Ruthenium Source Reagents for CVD (2001)

The deposition of pure ruthenium thin films is reported from carbonyl β-diketonate precursors Ru(CO)2-(CH(C(O)R)2)2 (see Figure), where R = C(CH3)3 or CF3. The complexes are found to be excellent CVD precursors and the deposited films are reported to be fluorine free, which is one of the requirements for metallization applications in integrated circuit manufacturing.
Charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=$$ s = 0.9, 7, and 8 TeV (2017)

la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publis ou non, manant des tablissements d'enseignement et de recherche franais ou trangers, des laboratoires publics ou privs.
A 112 Gb/s PAM4 Linear TIA with 0.96 pJ/bit Energy Efficiency in 28 nm CMOS (2018)

This paper presents a 112 Gb/s PAM4 CMOS linear TIA to meet the requirements of emerging 400G Ethernet standards for data center interconnect. A regulated inverter-based amplifier with inductive shunt feedback is used to realize a high bandwidth, low noise front-end in 28 nm bulk CMOS process. A VGA accommodates input currents up to 1 mA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> with <;5% THD, and a 72 GHz post-amplifier chain delivers 300 mV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">pp</sub> output swing. The TIA provides 65 dBΩ trans-impedance gain with 4.7 μA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> input referred noise while dissipating 107 mW. Careful optimization of distributed inductive peaking ensures <;5 ps group delay variation over 45 GHz. Standalone electrical measurements verify the ability of the TIA to receive 112 Gb/s PAM4 data with an energy efficiency of 0.96 pJ/bit, showing the potential for single-chip CMOS transceiver solutions for next-generation data center applications.
Simultaneous Acid Diversion and Water Control in Carbonate Reservoirs: A Case History From Saudi Arabia (2007)

Abstract Acid diversion and water control are usually addressed as two separate issues. Associative polymers can be used to simultaneously achieve effective diversion and water control during a single treatment. A polymer-based treatment was applied in an offshore, perforated vertical well with two sets of perforations in a carbonate reservoir in Saudi Arabia. The acid treatment was needed to restore the productivity of the upper set of perforations and reduce water production from the lower set of perforations. Experimental studies were carried out to investigate the potential use of associative polymers to control water mobility and act as an acid diverter. Coreflood experiments were conducted on reservoir cores at downhole conditions (temperature of 200°F and pressure of 3,500 psi). Extensive lab testing showed that associative polymers had no significant effect on the relative permeability to oil. However, the relative permeability to water was significantly reduced. This paper presents a case history where an associative polymer was applied during matrix acid treatment of a damaged well. The treatment included stages of associative polymer solutions and 20 wt% HCl with additives. Post stimulation treatment production data showed that oil rate increased by 11-fold; whereas water rate decreased by 3-fold; resulting in a reduction in the water-cut from 75 to 14 vol%. The PLT test confirms that the associative polymer was very effective in diverting the acid to the oil zone. The PLT showed that the upper set of perforations was producing most of the fluid, which further confirmed that the associative polymer was effective in reducing the relative permeability to water.
Measurement of the transverse momentum spectra of weak vector bosons produced in proton-proton collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV (2017)

The transverse momentum spectra of weak vector bosons are measured in the CMS experiment at the LHC. The measurement uses a sample of proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}=8$ TeV, collected during a special low-luminosity running that corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 18.4 $\pm$ 0.5 pb$^{−1}$. The production of W bosons is studied in both electron and muon decay modes, while the production of Z bosons is studied using only the dimuon decay channel. The ratios of W$^-$ to W$^+$ and Z to W differential cross sections are also measured. The measured differential cross sections and ratios are compared with theoretical predictions up to next-to-next leading order in QCD.
3D Imaging from Passive Scattered Light Using Plenoptic Information (2022)

We use plenoptic measurements of visible, infrared, and THz radiation to locate and image objects that are hidden from direct view by detecting their passive radiation scattered from rough surfaces.
Breastfeeding for 3 Months or Longer but Not Probiotics Is Associated with Reduced Risk for Inattention/Hyperactivity and Conduct Problems in Very-Low-Birth-Weight Children at Early Primary School Age (2020)

(1) Background: We aimed to evaluate the effect of proposed "microbiome-stabilising interventions", i.e., breastfeeding for ≥3 months and prophylactic use of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus/ Bifidobacterium infantis</i> probiotics on neurocognitive and behavioral outcomes of very-low-birthweight (VLBW) children aged 5-6 years. (2) Methods: We performed a 5-year-follow-up assessment including a strength and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) and an intelligence quotient (IQ) assessment using the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI)-III test in preterm children previously enrolled in the German Neonatal Network (GNN). The analysis was restricted to children exposed to antenatal corticosteroids and postnatal antibiotics. (3) Results: 2467 primary school-aged children fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In multivariable linear regression models breastfeeding ≥3 months was associated with lower conduct disorders (B (95% confidence intervals (CI)): -0.25 (-0.47 to -0.03)) and inattention/hyperactivity (-0.46 (-0.81 to -0.10)) as measured by SDQ. Probiotic treatment during the neonatal period had no effect on SDQ scores or intelligence. (4) Conclusions: Prolonged breastfeeding of highly vulnerable infants may promote their mental health later in childhood, particularly by reducing risk for inattention/hyperactivity and conduct disorders. Future studies need to disentangle the underlying mechanisms during a critical time frame of development.
CEREALS - Cost-Effective REgion-based Active Learning for Semantic\n Segmentation (2018)

State of the art methods for semantic image segmentation are trained in a\nsupervised fashion using a large corpus of fully labeled training images.\nHowever, gathering such a corpus is expensive, due to human annotation effort,\nin contrast to gathering unlabeled data. We propose an active learning-based\nstrategy, called CEREALS, in which a human only has to hand-label a few,\nautomatically selected, regions within an unlabeled image corpus. This\nminimizes human annotation effort while maximizing the performance of a\nsemantic image segmentation method. The automatic selection procedure is\nachieved by: a) using a suitable information measure combined with an estimate\nabout human annotation effort, which is inferred from a learned cost model, and\nb) exploiting the spatial coherency of an image. The performance of CEREALS is\ndemonstrated on Cityscapes, where we are able to reduce the annotation effort\nto 17%, while keeping 95% of the mean Intersection over Union (mIoU) of a model\nthat was trained with the fully annotated training set of Cityscapes.\n
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Alkynes with Chloroformates to Form Alkynecarboxylic Acid Esters. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
SET kinetics and I-V characteristics of VCM-based ReRAM cells at high temperatures using a nanometer-sized heater (2017)

von Witzleben, Moritz Alexander; Fleck, Karsten; Funck, Carsten Marco; Wichmann, Erik; Baumkötter, Brigitte; Idt, Alexander; Breuer, Thomas; Zuric, Milena; Waser, Rainer; Böttger, Ulrich; Menzel, Stephan
Arbitrary Wavelength Conversion in Entire CL-band Based on Pump-Wavelength-Tunable FWM in a HNLF (2010)

Pump-wavelength-tunable FWM was demonstrated using a zero dispersion and dispersion slope HNLF. Signal in CL-band was converted to any wavelength in entire CL-band and measured power penalties were less than 1dB for 10Gbit/s NRZ signals.
Adhesion and friction in mesoscopic graphite contacts (2015)

The weak interlayer binding in two-dimensional layered materials such as graphite gives rise to poorly understood low-friction characteristics. Accurate measurements of the adhesion forces governing the overall mechanical stability have also remained elusive. We report on the direct mechanical measurement of line tension and friction forces acting in sheared mesoscale graphite structures. We show that the friction is fundamentally stochastic in nature and is attributable to the interaction between the incommensurate interface lattices. We also measured an adhesion energy of 0.227 ± 0.005 joules per square meter, in excellent agreement with theoretical models. In addition, bistable all-mechanical memory cell structures and rotational bearings have been realized by exploiting position locking, which is provided solely by the adhesion energy.
Combinatorial Synthesis and Multidimensional NMR Spectroscopy: An Approach to Understanding Protein–Ligand Interactions (1995)

Abstract Combinatorial chemistry is a laboratory emulation of natural recombination and selection processes. Strategies in this developing discipline involve the generation of diverse, molecular libraries through combinatorial synthesis and the selection of compounds that possess a desired property. Such approaches can facilitate the identification of ligands that bind to biological receptors, promoting our chemical understanding of cellular processes. This article illustrates that the coupling of combinatorial synthesis, multidimensional NMR spectroscopy, and biochemical methods has enhanced our understanding of a protein receptor used commonly in signal transduction, the Src Homology 3 (SH3) domain. This novel approach to studying molecular recognition has revealed a set of rules that govern SH3–ligand interactions, allowing models of receptor–ligand complexes to be constructed with only a knowledge of the polypeptide sequences. Combining combinatorial synthesis with structural methods provides a powerful new approach to understanding how proteins bind their ligands in general.
Thermal Atomic Layer Etching of Nickel Using Sequential Chlorination and Ligand-Addition Reactions (2021)

The thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of nickel was demonstrated using sequential chlorination and ligand-addition reactions. Nickel chlorination was achieved using SO2Cl2 (sulfuryl chloride) as the chlorine reactant. PMe3 (trimethylphosphine) was employed as the ligand-addition reactant. Sequential exposures of SO2Cl2 and PMe3 led to Ni thermal ALE. This procedure was inspired by the covalent bond classification (CBC) method that categorizes the most common compounds of various metals. Based on the CBC method, the surface reactions during thermal Ni ALE were performed to form NiX2L2 products, where Cl is the X ligand and PMe3 is the L ligand. Using this strategy, thermal Ni ALE was observed at temperatures from 75–200 °C. The etch rates were determined from in situ quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. The average etch rates determined from the mass changes were 0.14 ± 0.13, 0.57 ± 0.36, 0.67 ± 0.45, 1.30 ± 0.68, and 3.07 ± 1.56 Å/cycle for the temperatures 75, 100, 125, 150, and 175 °C, respectively. The QCM investigations revealed that there was a mass increase on every SO2Cl2 exposure and a mass loss on every PMe3 exposure, resulting in a net mass loss. The amount of chlorination for a given SO2Cl2 exposure increased with increasing temperature. The amount of mass lost on each PMe3 exposure also increased with increasing temperature. The etch rates were also confirmed using ex situ X-ray reflectivity measurements on Ni films on silicon wafers. The etch rates varied from 0.39 ± 0.10 Å/cycle at 125 °C to 2.16 ± 0.47 Å/cycle at 200 °C. Mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the volatile etch product was NiCl2(PMe3)2 as expected from the CBC method. In addition, scanning electron microscopy revealed that the nickel surface morphology had negligible changes after ALE. Atomic force microscopy analysis showed that thin nickel films remained smooth during initial etching and may experience some slight roughening with progressive etching. Using the CBC method to create novel thermal ALE procedures can be generalized for the thermal ALE of many different metals.
On the bias of BFS (Breadth First Search) (2010)

Breadth First Search (BFS) and other graph traversal techniques are widely used for measuring large unknown graphs, such as online social networks. It has been empirically observed that incomplete BFS is biased toward high degree nodes. In contrast to more studied sampling techniques, such as random walks, the bias of BFS has not been characterized to date. In this paper, we quantify the degree bias of BFS sampling. In particular, we calculate the node degree distribution expected to be observed by BFS as a function of the fraction of covered nodes, in a random graph RG(p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ) with a given (and arbitrary) degree distribution p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> . Furthermore, we also show that, for RG(p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">k</sub> ), all commonly used graph traversal techniques (BFS, DFS, Forest Fire, and Snowball Sampling) lead to the same bias, and we show how to correct for this bias. To give a broader perspective, we compare this class of exploration techniques to random walks that are well-studied and easier to analyze. Next, we study by simulation the effect of graph properties not captured directly by our model. We find that the bias gets amplified in graphs with strong positive assortativity. Finally, we demonstrate the above results by sampling the Facebook social network, and we provide some practical guidelines for graph sampling in practice.
Viability of highly-efficient multi-horsepower line-start permanent-magnet motors (2013)

The incremental efficiency improvements achieved with induction motors have been mostly accomplished by adding material to the designs of the prior efficiency level. In order to achieve levels beyond NEMA Premium (or beyond lE3), it has been recognized that a different technology must be employed. The working groups for IEC efficiency levels have stated that inverter-fed permanent-magnet motors are the likely technology to reach lE4 levels. Other motor technologies (such as synchronous reluctance) which also require inverters for operation have also been proposed for higher motor efficiency. This paper will discuss a technology which can be utilized without requiring an inverter, and that can achieve beyond-lE4 levels of efficiency while using less active material in the motor. This discussion is based on testing of technology demonstration prototypes in the range of 30-250 HP. Capabilities as well as limitations of this technology will be discussed.
Thymic hyperplasia after chemotherapy: two case reports and a literature review. (1991)

The development of mediastinal masses in patients previously treated for cancer frequently indicates recurrent or metastatic disease. In this article we describe two patients previously treated for malignancies who had new or recurrent anterior mediastinal masses. These masses proved to be markedly enlarged thymuses due to thymic hyperplasia. The development of thymic hyperplasia after systemic chemotherapy is an uncommon but well known phenomenon. The management of such patients includes close observation or surgical intervention. Empiric antineoplastic therapy is not indicated.
Spectroscopic scanning near‐field optical microscopy with a free electron laser: CH2 bond imaging in diamond films (2001)

Hydrogen chemistry in thin films and biological systems is one of the most difficult experimental problems in today's science and technology. We successfully tested a novel solution, based on the spectroscopic version of scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM). The tunable infrared radiation of the Vanderbilt free electron laser enabled us to reveal clearly hydrogen-decorated grain boundaries on nominally hydrogen-free diamond films. The images were obtained by SNOM detection of reflected 3.5 microm photons, corresponding to the C-H stretch absorption, and reached a lateral resolution of 0.2 microm, well below the lambda/2 (lambda = wavelength) limit of classical microscopy.
Synthesis and characterization of new Mo-Chalcogenide based nanowires (2003)

We report on two interesting applications of new nanostructured transitional‐ metal chalcogenide (TMC) materials based on the Mo‐S‐I system. We show that some new Mo‐S‐I materials can controllably adsorb and release relatively large amounts of Li ions in one‐dimensional storage channels, and may form the basis for promising and safe new battery electrode materials. The storage capacity is found to be close to that of MoS2 NTs, comparing favourably with state‐of‐the‐art graphite electrodes. The field emission (FE) from Mo‐S‐I nanostructures also appears to show very favourable characteristics compared to carbon nanotubes. The ease of processing of emitters based on TMC materials, together with the relative ease of synthesis and excellent stability suggest that the materials could be useful for e‐sources in many very different electronic devices (electron microscopes, flat pannel displays, lamps etc.).