gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Histological Aspects Regarding the Muscular Tissue Harvested from some Marine Fish Preserved by Refrigeration (2011)

The study of the modifying which affect the muscular tissue of the fish during the cold preservation, take the liberty to obtaining of new particular data, which can be benefic in order to elucidation of some aspects regarding the freshness and the depositing conditions of the consumption of fish. On account of knowledge of the modifying induced by cold preservation of the fish muscular tissue before to put into circulation, there were made researches about some fish species (horse mackerel, sea gudgeon, garfish, iht sole), which were fished in Black Sea, bordering on Mangalia city. The muscular tissue samples were drawn at the time of capture and after 24, 48, 72 hours, during this time the fish were storaged in pounded ice. The samples, drawn from dorsal region, were fixed in 10% formalin, included in paraffine, sectioned at 6 microns and colored by usual histological methods. In the moment the samples were drawn, the muscular fibers has normal microscopical aspects, and there are parallel and accurate disposed. The striations were obvious and the nuclei were flattened, placed under the sarcolemma. The interfibrillary conjunctive tissue was unchanged. At 24 hours from fishing and storaged in pounded ice, some striations disappared and has started a visible transversal fragmentation. The cytoplasm has lightened its colour and some fibers become waved. In iht sole the change are more pronounced. At 48 hours, the aspects regarding the disorganisation are more visible, translated as increases the interfibrillary spaces. The striations were more and more rare. The fibers fragmentation are numerous. On transversal section it was observed the disappearance of nuclei. In sea gudgeon, the striations are still present and in garfish and iht sole spring up the cytoplasmatic vacuolizations. At 72 hours, the changings of muscular tissue are more pronunced, the fibers waves and the fragmentations are prevalent. The interfibrillary conjunctive tissue is dilacerated and the interfibrillary spaces are widen. In garfish the cytoplasmatic vacuolisation are more visible. Making an analysis of this aspects we can state that there are some differences regarding the manner in which are affected from frozen preservation of muscular fibers of various fish species harvested from Black Sea. The muscular tissue from horse mackerel and sea gudgeon is more resistent on preservation, while in garfish and iht sole the muscular fibers are more degradable.
<title>Automatic recognition of multidimensional objects buried in layered elastic background media</title> (1991)

This study focuses on the multidimensional inverse scattering of objects buried in an inhomogeneous elastic background structure. The medium is probed by an ultrasonic force, and the scattered field is observed along a receiver array. The goal is to retrieve both the geometry (imaging problem) and the constitutive parameters (inverse problem) of the object through an appropriate multiparameter direct linear inversion. The multidimensional inverse scattering problem being nonlinear and ill-posed, it is linearized within the Born approximation for inhomogeneous background, and a minimum-norm least-square solution to the discretized version of the vector integral formulation is sought. The solution is based on a singular value decomposition of the forward operator matrix. A priori information can be incorporated into the algorithm to enhance the accuracy and improve the resolution of the recovered object characteristics. The method is illustrated on a 2-D problem where constrained least-square inversion of the object is performed from synthetic data. A Tikhonov regularization scheme is also examined and compared to the minimum-norm least-square estimate.
BLAST—a balloon-borne large aperture submillimeter telescope (2002)

The Balloon-borne Large Aperture Sub-millimeter Telescope (BLAST) incorporates a two meter primary mirror with large-format bolometer arrays consisting of 149, 88, and 43 elements operating at 250, 350 and 500 μm, respectively. The combination of the dramatically increased atmospheric transmission at balloon altitudes and the extended observing time (10–20 days) afforded by a long duration balloon flight will enable the first sensitive, large-area (≫10 deg2) sub-mm surveys at these wavelengths. These surveys will address some of the most important galactic and cosmological questions regarding the formation and evolution of stars, galaxies, and clusters as well as the source(s) of the cosmic infrared background. The BLAST focal plane will consist of arrays of silicon nitride micromesh, “spider-web” bolometric detectors operating at 300 mK coupled to 2 fλ feedhorn arrays. The first overnight test flight of BLAST is scheduled for autumn of 2002, and the first long duration balloon flight is scheduled to be from McMurdo, Antarctica in 2003–2004.
Mechanism of BMP‐2 stimulated adhesion of osteoblastic cells to titanium alloy (1999)

Cell adhesion is dependent on many factors, including the repertoire of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and their receptors, e.g. integrins, synthesized by the cell, the composition of the ECM adsorbed to the surface, and the intrinsic chemistry of the surface. Factors that govern bone cell, i.e. osteoblast, adhesion and ECM elaboration significantly influence its re-modeling into mature bone, and ultimately its ability to integrate with biomaterials used for orthopedic prostheses. In this study, we have investigated how treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2), a member of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that promotes ectopic bone formation, modulates the organization and expression of osteoblastic cell proteins. Specifically, we analyzed how BMP-2 treatment affects cytoskeletal components, ECM, and alpha 5 and beta 1 integrin receptor subunits in osteoblastic cells plated on Ti6A14V, a titanium alloy widely used for orthopedic implants that interacts with bone cells in vitro and in vivo. Osteoblastic cells were pre-treated with BMP-2 for 12 h prior to plating; BMP-2 treatment stimulated adhesion and proliferation of osteoblastic cells and this adhesive advantage was reflected in enhanced long-term matrix mineralization in the BMP-2 pretreated cultures. Confocal laser scanning microscopic analysis of BMP-2 treated cells showed that enhanced cytoskeletal organization and focal contact formation occurred. These changes were accompanied by a concomitant increase in the spatial organization of fibronectin, whereas vitronectin, collagen type I, osteopontin, and osteocalcin showed little change. The changes in ECM organization correlated with increased fibronectin, alpha 5 and beta 1 integrin subunit, and focal adhesion kinase (p125FAK) expression, as well as increased p125FAK phosphorylation. By confocal microscopy, the alpha 5 integrin subunit was more concentrated in lamellipodia after BMP-2 treatment. These results demonstrate that BMP-2 significantly altered osteoblastic cytoskeletal and ECM organization and enhanced expression of fibronectin and of specific integrin receptor subunits, with concomitant changes in the levels and phosphorylation of p125FAK. These effects may contribute to downstream cellular responses important for bone cell function, and growth.
Intermittent chaos, self-organization, and learning from synchronous synaptic activity in model neuron networks. (1989)

Self-organization of frequencies is studied by using model neurons called VCONs (voltage-controlled oscillator neuron models). These models give direct access to frequency information, in contrast to all-or-none neuron models, and they generate voltage spikes that phase-lock to oscillatory stimulation, similar to phase-locking of action potentials to oscillatory voltage stimulation observed in Hodgkin-Huxley preparations of squid axons. The rotation vector method is described and used to study how networks synchronize, even in the presence of noise or when damaged; the entropy of ratios of phases is used to construct an energy function that characterizes organized behavior. Computer simulations show that rotation numbers (output frequency/input frequency) describe both chaotic and nonchaotic behavior. Learning occurs when synaptic connections strengthen in response to stimulation that is synchronous with cell activity. It is shown that intermittent chaotic firing is suppressed and simple stable responses are enhanced by such learning in VCON networks. This analysis provides a rigorous basis for further investigation of the ideas of Wiener [Wiener, N. (1961) Cybernetics (MIT Press, Cambridge, MA), p. 191] on the origin of slow brain waves due to "the pulling together of frequencies."
Strain Rate and Temperature Dependent Plastic Deformation Behavior of Low-Carbon TRIP Steel (2005)

Low-carbon TRIP steel has high strength and excellent formability and is one of the key materials to meet the demand for weight reduction of automobile body parts. However, in order to disseminate the materials, the clarification of a complex plastic deformation mechanism depending on the strain rate and temperature and formulation of a proper constitutive equation is essential. The present investigation experimentally clarifies the quantitative effects of the strain rate and temperature on the material characteristics by means of tensile tests under strain rates from 1.7×10-4 to 1.7 x 10-1 and temperatures ranging from -50 to 250°C. The deformation and transformation behaviors substantially change in the range of 100 to 150°C. With regard to the relatively the low temperatures up to 100°C, retained austenite transforms into martensite. The increase in strain rate causes a rise in the flow stress of the ferrite phase and an increase in temperature, which suppresses the martensitic transformation. As a balancing effect, the stress-strain relationship expresses a high degree of strain rate independency. In the later stage of uniform deformation, the effective TRIP effect declines under the high strain rate and the uniform elongation decreases. However, the tensile strength is almost unchanged due to the very small amount of work hardening. Meanwhile, for the high temperature range above 150°C, the retained austenite transforms into bainite which requires a longer transformation time, which yields the strong strain rate dependency of the deformation behavior and the tensile strength and uniform elongation increase as the strain rate decreases.
Single-Frequency Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Exceeding 23 Watts (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text F. Zhang, B. Heinen, C. Möller, M. Wichmann, B. Kunert, A. Rahimi-Iman, S. W. Koch, W. Stolz, and M. Koch, "Single-Frequency Vertical-External-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser Exceeding 23 Watts," in Asia Communications and Photonics Conference 2014, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper ATh2B.3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Analysis of mouse skin reveals proteins that are altered in a diet‐induced diabetic state: A new method for detection of type 2 diabetes (2007)

In this study, proteomic analysis was performed on the skin of C57BL/6J mice with type 2 diabetes and compared to nondiabetic controls. To induce obesity and subsequent diabetes, mice were placed on a high-fat diet for 16 wk. After 16 wk, both diabetic and nondiabetic control mice were sacrificed and their skin removed for analysis. Following 2-DE, proteomic profiles from the skin samples were quantified using PDQuest software. Out of more than 1000 distinct protein spots, 28 were shown to be significantly altered with 6 being decreased and 22 increased in the diabetic state compared to controls. The 28 protein spots were removed from the gels and analyzed by MALDI-TOF and MS/MS analyses. Protein identifications revealed that 17 of the 28 proteins were involved in energy metabolism (60.7% of changes observed). Collectively, none of the significantly altered proteins had been shown previously to be altered in diabetic skin. This study not only helps to identify proteins found in skin samples of obese mice with type 2 diabetes, but also shows that skin biopsies coupled with proteomic analysis may be useful as a noninvasive method for the diagnosis of hyperinsulinemia and diabetes.
RET/PTC oncogene activation defines a subset of papillary thyroid carcinomas lacking evidence of progression to poorly differentiated or undifferentiated tumor phenotypes. (1998)

Malignant tumors of the thyroid gland vary considerably in aggressiveness, ranging from a well-differentiated, clinically indolent, to an undifferentiated, often lethal phenotype. Undifferentiated (anaplastic) thyroid tumors are supposed to be derived, through a process of progression, from previously differentiated neoplasms. A common genetic alteration in thyroid tumors is the rearrangement of the tyrosine kinase-encoding RET proto-oncogene, leading to the generation of chimeric RET/PTC oncogenes. To define the characteristics of the thyroid tumor subset with RET rearrangements, we have investigated its activation by a combined immunohistochemistry and reverse transcription-PCR approach in a series of 316 well-characterized thyroid tumors representative of the main diagnostic groups. RET activation was detected in 81 of 201 (40.3%) papillary carcinomas. It correlated with tumors exhibiting the "classic" morphological features of papillary cancer or with the microcarcinoma subtype (P = 0.017). RET activation in papillary carcinoma was not associated with clinical markers (such as large tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, or metastases) of increased morbidity. Follicular-type neoplasms (61 adenomas and 22 carcinomas), as well as the aggressive poorly differentiated (15 cases) or undifferentiated (anaplastic) carcinomas (17 cases), were negative. This study demonstrates that all thyroid carcinomas harboring activating RET rearrangements exhibit a well-differentiated phenotype, that of papillary carcinoma, and indicates that the subset of RET/PTC-positive papillary carcinomas do not progress to more aggressive, less differentiated tumor phenotypes.
IGBT plugged in SCR device for ESD protection in advanced CMOS technology (2009)

We have proposed modifications in the standard SCR structure to inherently improve quasi static triggering voltage, transient overshoot and trigger time without changing its failure threshold and holding voltage. The device is an useful option for the protection of low voltage interfaces and power domains in advanced CMOS reaching from 1 V to 3.6 V.
Supercoiling and integration host factor change the DNA conformation and alter the flow of convergent transcription in phage Mu (1989)

Transcription of bacteriophage Mu is modulated by its repressor, by negative supercoiling, and by the Escherichia coli protein integration host factor (IHF). Two converging Mu promoters regulate lytic and lysogenic development. The influence of IHF on these convergent promoters depended on the DNA conformation. When Mu operator DNA changed from the relaxed to the negative supercoiled form, IHF changed from a stimulatory factor to an inhibitor of the repressor promoter, and the ratio of the lytic transcript relative to the repressor transcript increased by 40-fold. Flexibility in Mu operator DNA was demonstrated by an unusual supercoil-induced DNA conformation, which was detectable by chemical modification with bromoacetaldehyde or digestion with P1 nuclease. IHF binding adjacent to this site induced dramatic bending of Mu DNA. A topological model we call a superloop is proposed to explain the effect of IHF on Mu transcription in vitro and on the lytic-lysogeny decision of the virus grown in IHF and gyrase mutants.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyhydroxylated Aziridinylcyclopentanes as Glycomimetics: A New Competitive Inhibitor of α‐Mannosidase. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimisation of the pheromone blend of the swede midge, Contarinia nasturtii, for monitoring (2009)

Pheromone traps with the synthetic pheromone in a 1:2:0.02 ratio emitted from PE dispensers were highly effective and long lasting. As the mixture of stereoisomers of 2,10-diacetoxyundecane strongly inhibited attraction of male C. nasturtii while those of 2,9-diacetoxyundecane and 2-acetoxyundecane did not have any inhibitory effect, it is possible to produce traps that are effective and long lasting but cheaper to produce and maintain.
Changes in Plasma Lipoproteins During Various Androgen Suppression Therapies in Men With Prostatic Carcinoma: Effects of Orchiectomy, Estrogen, and Combination Treatment With Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist and Flutamide (1988)

Cardiovascular complications are a well recognized side-effect of antihormonal therapy in men with prostatic carcinoma. We studied changes in plasma lipoproteins in patients with prostate cancer during treatment with several androgen suppression therapies. Estrogen, orchiectomy, and a combination of LHRH agonist and antiandrogen (flutamide) reduced plasma testosterone concentrations (89-92%) and plasma estradiol decreased by 85%, 44%, and 54%, respectively. Estrogen induced hypertriglyceridemia and elevation of plasma HDL cholesterol, phospholipid, and apolipoprotein A-I and A-II concentrations. Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol decreased but LDL apolipoprotein B did not. These results suggest that the cardiovascular complications that occur during estrogen administration are not mediated through changes in lipoprotein profile, other than the hypertriglyceridemic effect. Orchiectomy caused hypercholesterolemia and an increase in both total and LDL apolipoprotein B, all of which are strong determinants of cardiovascular disease. The high density lipoprotein (HDL) concentration was not affected despite a reduction in plasma testosterone, perhaps due to a simultaneous decrease in estradiol. Combination therapy had no effect on plasma lipid and apolipoprotein B concentrations, but very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) apolipoprotein B decreased, and LDL apolipoprotein B increased. The HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I concentrations increased but A-II and phospholipids did not. These results suggest enhanced lipoprotein lipase activity, consistent with the reciprocal changes in VLDL and LDL apolipoprotein B levels, apolipoprotein B enrichment of LDL particles, and increase in HDL cholesterol. The higher apolipoprotein A-I to A-II ratio indicates an increase in HDL2 subfraction due to inhibition of endothelial hepatic lipase, increased secretion of apolipoprotein A-I, or both. These effects are attributed to estradiol, which decreased less than after orchiectomy, and to additional adrenal androgen inhibition by flutamide. We conclude that estradiol plays an important role in determining plasma lipoprotein concentrations in men, and androgens exert an antagonist effect. The lipoprotein profile resulting from the combination treatment is more beneficial than that resulting from orchiectomy or estrogen administration.
A portable bioimpedance instrument for monitoring residual limb fluid volume in people with transtibial limb loss: A technical note (2019)

People with transtibial limb loss experience daily changes in volume of their residual limb that affect the fit of their prosthetic socket. A portable instrument was developed to monitor fluid volume changes outside of the laboratory setting. The bioimpedance system applied 26 current bursts per second at frequencies between 3kHz and 1MHz, and sensed voltage at up to six channels. Among six voltage-controlled current source circuits and five receive-channel amplifier topologies considered, a differential Howland current pump and a single receive-channel instrumentation amplifier proved the best combination of low noise and low power consumption. Mean RMS errors were 0.07% for extracellular fluid resistance, 2.23% for intracellular fluid resistance, and 1.15% for membrane capacitance.
The Mind as a Weapon: A Phenomenological Exploration of how Elementary Teachers Use Mental Imagery to Prepare for Active Shooter Events (2018)

The purpose of this transcendental, phenomenological study was to understand how teachers use aspects of mental imagery as a preparatory stress inoculation tool for potentially confronting active shooters at Truman Elementary School (pseudonym). The theory guiding this study was self-efficacy theory as theorized by Albert Bandura; self-efficacy theory rationalizes the way one views oneself will be the source of motivation in subsequent performance. In the context of this study, if teachers saw themselves as successful, then they were successful. Mental imagery was generally defined as visualization techniques that prepared teachers to mentally condition themselves to deal with active shooter events. The study took place at Truman Elementary School, and the participants consisted of 10 certified teachers. Prior to conducting interviews, site documents pertaining to current training for active shooter events were reviewed. Primary data were collected by interviewing 10 teachers, followed by a focus group session with the same participants. The collected data were analyzed using Moustakas’ seven steps of phenomenological research, which included identifying key statements from the participants, clustering responses into themes, and the construction of textural and structural descriptions for each participant. Results from the study included the desire of participants to preserve life, participants desire for additional training, the need for participants to always be prepared, collaboration with other participants, and the outside influences of each participant, which aided in mental image formation. The study determined teachers used mental imagery as a stress inoculation tool for potentially confronting active shooters.
Fatigue Performance of Preloaded Ultra High Strength Threaded Fasteners (2018)

This experimental study investigates the high cycle fatigue (HCF) performance of preloaded ultra-high strength (UHS) threaded fasteners. Every sample is subjected to a cyclic uniaxial stress additional to a mean stress, which is arbitrarily set as half of the static tensile strength. Experimental results of UHS fasteners (Classes 14.9 and 15.9) and commercially available (CA) fasteners (Class 10.9) are analyzed: S-N curves are constructed following the ASTM standards and compared after normalization. Results indicate that the normalized fatigue strength of UHS threaded fasteners is lower than that of CA threaded fasteners. For each class, the experimental S-N curves are compared with the estimation obtained using Marin equation adjusted by mean stress criteria. It is concluded that the estimation by Marin equation did not show acceptable consistency to experimental data.