gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative evaluation of the dynamics of external factors influencing canine gastric electrical activity before and after uncoupling (2002)

Electrical uncoupling could be a major source of gastric motility abnormalities. Non-invasive recognition of the onsets of gastric electrical uncoupling could become an avenue for early detection of gastric motor abnormalities. Cutaneous recordings of gastric electrical activity (GEA), known as electrogastrograms (EGG), are dynamically influenced by a variety of external factors, jeopardizing their reliability. In the present study the dynamics of external factors influencing both internal GEA and EGG during surgically induced gastric electrical uncoupling are quantitatively explored. Sixteen anaesthesized dogs underwent implantation of six stainless steel pairs of bipolar electrodes, positioned among the sites for future divisions of the stomach into three equal sections. In the basal state and after each surgical cut, simultaneous 30-min recordings of six internal GEA and eight EGG channels were performed in each dog. The signals were filtered, conditioned and digitized to obtain their one-dimensional representations in the sampled time domain. These representations were regarded as particular projections of multidimensional dynamic vectors located in the phase space, which incorporated both the dynamics of the electrical processes taking place in the stomach and the dynamic interactions between the external factors influencing the recordings. Embedding dimensions in the phase space were considered quantitative expressions of all these factors. Comparative statistical evaluation of the dynamics of the embedding dimensions for both internal GEA and EGG channels was performed. Although the number of embedding dimensions did not change significantly with the introduction of gradual uncoupling both in the internal GEA and in the EGG channels, opposite tendencies towards increment in the former and decrement in the latter were noted. After the introduction of severe uncoupling, cutaneous embedding dimensions became very similar to the internal ones. A significant number of external factors influencing EGG recordings preclude reliable recognition of mild electrical uncoupling from EGG.
CE-Microreactor-CE-MS/MS for Protein Analysis (2007)

We present a proof-of-principle for a fully automated bottom-up approach to protein characterization. Proteins are first separated by capillary electrophoresis. A pepsin microreactor is incorporated into the distal end of this capillary. Peptides formed in the reactor are transferred to a second capillary, where they are separated by capillary electrophoresis and characterized by mass spectrometry. While peptides generated from one digestion are being separated in the second capillary, the next protein fraction undergoes digestion in the microreactor. The migration time in the first dimension capillary is characteristic of the protein while migration time in the second dimension is characteristic of the peptide. Spot capacity for the two-dimensional separation is 590. A MS/MS analysis of a mixture of cytochrome c and myoglobin generated Mascot MOWSE scores of 107 for cytochrome c and 58 for myoglobin. The sequence coverages were 48% and 22%, respectively.
8% Efficient thin‐film polycrystalline‐silicon solar cells based on aluminum‐ induced crystallization and thermal CVD (2007)

Abstract A considerable cost reduction could be achieved in photovoltaics if efficient solar cells could be made from polycrystalline‐silicon (pc‐Si) thin films on inexpensive substrates. We recently showed promising solar cell results using pc‐Si layers obtained by aluminum‐induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon in combination with thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). To obtain highly efficient pc‐Si solar cells, however, the material quality has to be optimized and cell processes different from those applied for standard bulk‐Si solar cells have to be developed. In this work, we present the different process steps that we recently developed to enhance the efficiency of pc‐Si solar cells on alumina substrates made by AIC in combination with thermal CVD. Our present pc‐Si solar cell process yields cells in substrate configuration with efficiencies so far of up to 8·0%. Spin‐on oxides are used to smoothen the alumina substrate surface to enhance the electronic quality of the absorber layers. The cells have heterojunction emitters consisting of thin a‐Si layers that yield much higher V oc values than classical diffused emitters. Base and emitter contacts are on top of the cell in interdigitated finger patterns, leading to fill factors above 70%. The front surface of the cells is plasma textured to increase the current density. Our present pc‐Si solar cell efficiency of 8% together with the fast progression that we have made over the last few years indicate the large potential of pc‐Si solar cells based on the AIC seed layer approach. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Treatment of TSH-secreting pituitary adenomas with octreotide : A floow-up of 52 patients (1993)

peer reviewed
Solvent effect on the formation of poly(methacrylic acid)‐poly(N‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) complex through hydrogen bonding (1978)

Abstract An interpolymer complex can be obtained by mixing the solutions of poly(methacrylic acid) and poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone). Three phase changes were observed on increasing the initial polymer concentration: namely, a homogeneous solution, a precipitate, and a gel. Such interpolymer complex formations were examined in several protic and aprotic solvents. The obvious relationship between the complex formation and the dielectric constant of the solvent was eludicated. The effect of hydrophobic interactions on the complex formation was also discussed as well as the role of the α‐methyl group of poly(methacrylic acid).
Recent Advances in Botulinum Neurotoxin Inhibitor Development (2014)

Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are endopeptidases that target motor neurons and block acetylcholine neurotransmitter release. This action results in the muscle paralysis that defines the disease botulism. To date, there are no FDA-approved therapeutics to treat BoNT-mediated paralysis after intoxication of the motor neuron. Importantly, the rationale for pursuing treatments to counter these toxins is driven by their potential misuse. Current drug discovery efforts have mainly focused on small molecules, peptides, and peptidomimetics that can directly and competitively inhibit BoNT light chain proteolytic activity. Although this is a rational approach, direct inhibition of the Zn(2+) metalloprotease activity has been elusive as demonstrated by the dearth of candidates undergoing clinical evaluation. Therefore, broadening the scope of viable targets beyond that of active site protease inhibitors represents an additional strategy that could move the field closer to the clinic. Here we review the rationale, and discuss the outcomes of earlier approaches and highlight potential new targets for BoNT inhibition. These include BoNT uptake and processing inhibitors, enzymatic inhibitors, and modulators of neuronal processes associated with toxin clearance, neurotransmitter potentiation, and other pathways geared towards neuronal recovery and repair.
Effect of Chemical Additives on the Binding Strength of Arabian Asphalts (2009)

Abstract Premature deterioration of asphalt highway pavements in Saudi Arabia have considerably reduced their service lives, sacrificed rider comfort, and increased maintenance costs. The physicochemical phenomena as well as the long-range effect of the interstitial asphalt on the asphalt-aggregate bond plays a vital role in determining the stripping properties of aggregates. Chemical additives, known as antistripping agents, were mixed with asphalts to study their enhanced bonding capabilities with aggregates. Three antistripping agents that are locally available were used in this study. The results indicated that the adsorption of Riyadh asphalt on Riyadh aggregates is greatly increased with all three antistripping agents. Taif aggregates have also shown a substantial increase in their adsorption behavior due to the presence of antistripping agents. Similarly, the amounts of Restaurant asphalt remaining adsorbed after aggregates were coated with antistripping agents were found to be significantly higher than uncoated aggregate samples. The antistripping agents were found to promote stronger bonding, resulting in less asphalt desorption by water. This study provided important information regarding the effect of antistripping agents on the adsorption and desorption behavior of Arabian asphalts and asphalt-aggregate systems. The overall results were interpreted with regard to their usefulness in finding solutions to pavement damage problems in Saudi Arabia.
Self-expanding foam for prehospital treatment of intra-abdominal hemorrhage (2014)

For a distinct dose range, 28-day recovery after foam treatment and explantation for noncompressible, intra-abdominal hemorrhage is not associated with significant physiologic or biochemical evidence of end-organ dysfunction. A foam volume exceeding the maximum tolerable dose was identified. Bowel repair is required to ensure survival.
The Influence of Polymer Processing Methods on Polymer Film Physical Properties and Vascular Cell Responsiveness (2019)

Implantable vascular devices typically interface with blood and vascular tissues. Physical properties of device materials and coatings, independent of chemical composition, can significantly influence cell responses and implant success. Here, we analyzed the effect of various polymer processing regimes, using a single implant polymer - poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), on vascular endothelial cell (EC), smooth muscle cell (SMC), and platelet response. PCL films were formed by varying three parameters: 1) formation method - solvent casting, melt pressing or spin coating; 2) molecular weight - 50 or 100 kDa; and 3) solvent type - dichloromethane (DCM) or tetrahydrofuran (THF). We quantified the relationship of polymer processing choice to surface roughness, wettability, and bulk stiffness; and to EC adhesion, SMC adhesion, and platelet activity state (PAS). Multiple regression analysis identified which processing method signficantly impacted (F-ratio>p-value; p<0.1) polymer physical properties and vascular cell interaction. Film formation method affected PCL roughness (R<sub>q</sub>), wettability (°), and stiffness (MPa) with spin coating resulting in the most wettable (81.8±0.7°), and stiffest (1.12±0.07 MPa; p<0.001) polymer film; however, solvent cast films were the roughest (281±66nm). Molecular weight influenced wettability, with the highest wettability on 50 kDa films (79.7±0.7°; p<0.001) and DCM solvent films (83.0±1.0°; p<0.01). The multiple regression model confidently predicted (F-ratio=9.88; p=0.005) wettability from molecular weight (p=0.002) and film formation method (p=0.03); stiffness (F-ratio=4.21; p=0.05) also fit well tofilm formation method (p=0.02). Film formation method impacted SMC adhesion and platelet activity state, but not EC adhesion, with melt press PCL promoting the highest SMC adhesion (18000±1536 SMCs; p<0.05) and PAS (5.0±0.7 %PAS). The regression model confidently fit SMC adhesion (F-ratio=3.15; p=0.09) and PAS (F-ratio=5.30; p=0.05) to polymer processing choices, specifically film formation method (p<0.03). However, only SMC adhesion had a model that fit well (F-ratio=4.13; p=0.05) to the physical properties directly, specifically roughness and wettability (p<0.04).
Assessing Economic Outcomes in Simulated Reverse Clock Auctions for Radio Spectrum (2017)

We investigate the economic outcomes that result under simulated bidder behavior in a model of the FCC's reverse auction for radio spectrum. In our simulations, limiting our notion of efficiency to the reverse auction in isolation, the reverse clock auction achieves very efficient solutions, the FCC's scoring rule greatly reduces the total payments to TV broadcasters at the cost of some efficiency, and using a poor feasibility checker can have grave consequences both in terms of the auction's cost and efficiency.
A 1.41-pJ/b 56-Gb/s PAM-4 Receiver Using Enhanced Transition Utilization CDR and Genetic Adaptation Algorithms in 7-nm CMOS (2019)

This letter presents a 56.25-Gb/s analog-mixed signal pulse amplitude modulation (PAM)-4 receiver in 7-nm fin field effect transistor (FinFET) CMOS. The receiver uses an analog front-end (AFE) with extensive programmability and can equalize channels with up to 22.3-dB loss at 14 GHz. AFE settings are optimized using a genetic adaptation algorithm to find the global minima for the bit-error-rate (BER). A PAM-4 clock recovery scheme is proposed that reduces the number of required edge samplers for a PAM-4 bang-bang phase detector without degrading the jitter tolerance of the receiver. Using an AFE as opposed to a decision-feedback equalizer (DFE) along with the proposed clock recovery scheme results in low energy consumption of 1.41 pJ/bit.
Pultruded fiber reinforced thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate) composites. Part II: Mechanical and thermal properties (1991)

Abstract A novel process has been developed to manufacture poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) pultruded parts. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, environmental effects, postformability of pultruded composites and properties of various fiber (glass, carbon and Kevlar 49 aramid fiber) reinforced PMMA composites have been studied. Results show that the mechanical and thermal properties (i.e. tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus, impact strength and HDT) increase with fiber content. Kevlar fiber/PMMA composites possess the highest impact strength and HDT, while carbon fiber/PMMA composites show the highest tensile strength, tensile and flexural modulus, and glass fiber/PMMA composites show the highest flexural strength. Experimental tensile strengths of all composites except carbon fiber/PMMA composites follow the rule of mixtures. The deviation of carbon fiber/PMMA composite is due to the fiber breakage during processing. Pultruded glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites exhibit good weather resistance. They can be postformed by thermoforming, and mechanical properties can be improved by postforming. The dynamic shear storage modulus ( G ′) of pultruded glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites increased with decreasing pulling rate, and G ′ was higher than that of pultruded Nylon 6 and polyester composites.
Discrete and Continuous Cell Identities of the Adult Murine Striatum (2019)

Abstract The striatum is a large brain region containing two major cell types: D1 (dopamine receptor 1) and D2 (dopamine receptor 2) expressing spiny projection neurons (SPNs). We generated a cell type atlas of the adult murine striatum using single-cell RNA-seq of SPNs combined with quantitative RNA in situ hybridization (ISH). We developed a novel computational pipeline that distinguishes discrete versus continuous cell identities in scRNA-seq data, and used it to show that SPNs in the striatum can be classified into four discrete types that reside in discrete anatomical clusters or are spatially intermingled. Within each discrete type, we find multiple independent axes of continuous cell identity that map to spatial gradients and whose genes are conserved between discrete types. These gradients correlate well to previously-mapped gradients of connectivity. Using these insights, we discovered multiple novel spatially localized region of the striatum, one of which contains patch-D2 SPNs that express Tac1, Htr7 , and Th . Intriguingly, we found one subtype that strongly co-expresses both D1 and D2 dopamine receptors, and uniquely expresses a rare D2 receptor splice variant. These results collectively suggest an organizational principal of neuron identity in which major neuron types can be separated into discrete classes with little overlap and no implied spatial relationship. However these discrete classes are then continuously subdivided by multiple spatial gradients of expression defining anatomical location via a combinatorial mechanism. Finally, they suggest that neuronal circuitry has a substructure at far higher resolution than is typically interrogated which is defined by the precise identity and location of a neuron.
Spectrally pure far-UVC emission from AlGaN-based LEDs with dielectric band pass filters (2022)

Abstract AlGaN-based far ultraviolet-C (UVC) light emitting diodes (LEDs) with a peak emission wavelength below 240 nm typically show a long-wavelength tail at &gt;240 nm that is detrimental to the use of the devices for skin-friendly antisepsis. We present the development of far-UVC LEDs with reduced long-wavelength emission using a HfO 2 /SiO 2 -based distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) filter. When the DBR filter is directly mounted on an LED package, the long-wavelength emission around 250 nm is reduced by two orders of magnitude while the transmitted output power is reduced down to 18%–27% of the initial value for DBR filters with cut-off wavelengths at 237–243 nm. As the transmission through the DBR filter depends strongly on the angle of incidence of the radiation, the transmitted output power of the spectrally pure far-UVC radiation can be doubled when an additional collimating lens is used on top of the LED package before passing through the filter.
Loop-free routing using a dense label set in wireless networks (2004)

We present a new class of on-demand routing protocols called split label routing (SLR). The protocols guarantee loop-freedom at every instant by ensuring that node labels are always in topological order, and thus induce a directed acyclic graph (DAG). The novel feature of SLR is that it uses a dense ordinal set with a strict partial order to label nodes. For any two labels there is always some label in between them. This allows SLR to "insert" a node in to an existing DAG, without the need to relabel predecessors. SLR inherently provides multiple paths to destinations. We present a practical, finitely dense implementation that uses a destination-controlled sequence number. The sequence number functions as a reset to node ordering when no more label splits are possible. The sequence number is changed only by the destination. Simulations show that our proposed protocol outperforms existing state-of-the-art on-demand routing protocols.
Contagious Bovine and Caprine Pleuropneumonia: a research community’s recommendations for the development of better vaccines (2020)

Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP) are major infectious diseases of ruminants caused by mycoplasmas in Africa and Asia. In contrast with the limited pathology in the respiratory tract of humans infected with mycoplasmas, CBPP and CCPP are devastating diseases associated with high morbidity and mortality. Beyond their obvious impact on animal health, CBPP and CCPP negatively impact the livelihood and wellbeing of a substantial proportion of livestock-dependent people affecting their culture, economy, trade and nutrition. The causative agents of CBPP and CCPP are <i>Mycoplasma mycoides</i> subspecies <i>mycoides</i> and <i>Mycoplasma capricolum</i> subspecies <i>capripneumoniae</i>, respectively, which have been eradicated in most of the developed world. The current vaccines used for disease control consist of a live attenuated CBPP vaccine and a bacterin vaccine for CCPP, which were developed in the 1960s and 1980s, respectively. Both of these vaccines have many limitations, so better vaccines are urgently needed to improve disease control. In this article the research community prioritized biomedical research needs related to challenge models, rational vaccine design and protective immune responses. Therefore, we scrutinized the current vaccines as well as the challenge-, pathogenicity- and immunity models. We highlight research gaps and provide recommendations towards developing safer and more efficacious vaccines against CBPP and CCPP.
An auction framework based on flexible transmit powers in the Licensed Shared Access Systems (2015)

The auction mechanism is an effective solution to expedite the reform of spectrum allocation in 5G networks. With the reference of the spectrum geolocation database, it can provide secondary networks with idle and noncontinuous spectrum blocks without interference. Because of privacy issues, cellular operators have no idea of the others' deployments. So the inter-cell interference should be well managed in the sharing scenario. In this paper, we propose an online auction to coordinate interference between base stations in Licensed Shared Access Systems. Considering the reusability of spectrum, an interference graph is adopted to improve the spectrum spatial efficiency. Furthermore, we allow all the base stations to express their different preferences of flexible transmit powers, and this scheme performs better than the one based on the fixed transmit power. Particularly in a dense area, using flexible transmit powers can lower the risk of overlapping with the other cells, which also helps a cell increase the probability to be a winner in a spectrum auction. Besides the transmit powers, every base station should also bid rationally depending on the bandwidth and frequency. We also present the bid strategies for the base stations. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed auction performs well in terms of revenue and buyer satisfaction.
Optomechanical Synchronization across Multi-Octaves Frequency Spans (2021)

Abstract Experimental exploration of synchronization in scalable oscillator micro systems has unfolded a deeper understanding of networks, collective phenomena, and signal processing. Cavity optomechanical devices have played an important role in this scenario, with the perspective of bridging optical and radio frequencies through nonlinear classical and quantum synchronization concepts. In its simplest form, synchronization occurs when an oscillator is entrained by a signal nearby the oscillator's tone, and becomes increasingly challenging as the frequency detuning increases. Here, we experimentally demonstrate entrainment of a silicon-nitride optomechanical oscillator driven several octaves away from its 32 MHz fundamental frequency. Exploring this effect, we perform a 4:1 frequency division from 128 MHz to 32 MHz. Further developments could harness these effects towards frequency synthesizers, phase-sensitive amplification and nonlinear sensing.
BMS-708,163 Targets Presenilin and Lacks Notch-Sparing Activity (2012)

The "Notch-sparing" γ-secretase inhibitor (GSI) BMS-708,163 (Avagacestat) is currently in phase II clinical trials for Alzheimer's disease. Unlike previously failed GSIs, BMS-708,163 is considered to be a promising drug candidate because of its reported Notch-sparing activity for the inhibition of Aβ production over Notch cleavage. We now report that BMS-708,163 binds directly to the presenilin-1 N-terminal fragment and that binding can be challenged by other pan-GSIs, but not by γ-secretase modulators. Furthermore, BMS-708,163 blocks the binding of four different active site-directed GSI photoaffinity probes. We therefore report that this compound acts as a nonselective γ-secretase inhibitor.
Tenosynovial giant cell tumor of the temporomandibular joint (2018)

Tenosynovial giant cell tumors are benign bone tumors commonly located near the long bone's joints. Rare manifestations are found at the skull base.