gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large multipliers with fewer DSP blocks (2009)

Recent computing-oriented FPGAs feature DSP blocks including small embedded multipliers. A large integer multiplier, for instance for a double-precision floating-point multiplier, consumes many of these DSP blocks. This article studies three non-standard implementation techniques of large multipliers: the Karatsuba-Ofman algorithm, non-standard multiplier tiling, and specialized squarers. They allow for large multipliers working at the peak frequency of the DSP blocks while reducing the DSP block usage. Their overhead in term of logic resources, if any, is much lower than that of emulating embedded multipliers. Their latency overhead, if any, is very small. Complete algorithmic descriptions are provided, carefully mapped on recent Xilinx and Altera devices, and validated by synthesis results.
Purification and Kinetic Properties of Sialidase fromClostridium perfringens (1987)

Clostridium perfringens sialidase was isolated from a culture medium of bacterial cells by ammonium sulfate precipitation (42-85%), followed by purification through Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography, DEAE A-50 anion exchange chromatography, FPLC medium pressure anion exchange chromatography and finally FPLC medium pressure isochromatofocussing. From 9 l culture medium 1.17 mg sialidase was isolated with a specific activity of 295 U/mg. The enzyme appeared to be homogeneous by analytical polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular mass was measured to be 66 kDa. Km values ranging from 0.6 to 1.6mM were determined for several oligosaccharides as substrates. The enzyme catalyzed transglycosylation reactions with methanol as a nucleophilic reagent competitive with water. In the enzymatic hydrolysis of the (3'-methoxyphenyl)glycoside of alpha-N-acetylneuraminic acid, increase of methanol concentration had no effect on the release of 3-methoxyphenol. This finding suggests that the formation of the enzyme-glycon intermediate is the rate-determining step for this substrate.
Management of electroluminescence from silver-doped colloidal quantum well light-emitting diodes (2022)

Impurity doping is a promising strategy to afford colloidal nanocrystals exhibiting novel optical, catalytic, and electronic characteristics. However, some significant properties of noble metal-doped nanocrystals (NMD-NCs) remain unknown. Here, we report the electroluminescence (EL) from NMD-NCs. By doping silver impurity into cadmium selenide colloidal quantum wells (CQWs), dual-emission emitters are achieved and a light-emitting diode (LED) with a luminance of 1,339 cd m−2 is reported. In addition, the proposed energy gap engineering to manage exciton recombination is a feasible scheme for tunable EL emissions (e.g., the dopant emission is tuned from 606 to 761 nm). Furthermore, an organic-inorganic hybrid white LED based on CQWs is realized, reaching a color rendering index of 82. Moreover, flexible CQW-LEDs are reported. The findings present a step to unveil the EL property of NMD-NCs, which can be extended to other noble metal impurities, and pave the pathway for NMD-NCs as a class of electronic materials for EL applications.
Designing Effective Vaccines for Colorectal Cancer (2014)

Achieving long-term control of colorectal cancers with therapeutic vaccines that generate potent anti-tumor T cell and antibody responses has been a goal for more than two decades. To date, clinical trials of these vaccines have demonstrated induction of immune responses, but clinical benefit has been limited. Improved vector delivery systems with enhanced immunostimulatory properties, decreased immunogenicity against vector and improved antigen presentation are some of the key features of modern tumor vaccines. Furthermore, an improved understanding of the various immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment and regional lymph nodes, coupled with a burgeoning ability to impair inhibitory immune synapses, highlights a growing opportunity to induce beneficial antigen-specific responses against tumor. The combination of improved antigenic delivery systems, coupled with therapeutic immune activation, represents state-of-the-art colorectal vaccine design concepts with the goal of augmenting immune responses against tumor and improving clinical outcomes.
Inhibitors of protein kinase C prevent enhancement of calcium current and action potentials in peptidergic neurons of Aplysia (1989)

Following brief stimulation of an afferent pathway, the bag cell neurons of Aplysia undergo a dramatic change in excitability, resulting in a prolonged discharge of spontaneous action potentials. During the discharge, the action potentials of the bag cell neurons become enhanced in height and width. The afterdischarge triggers release of neuroactive peptides that initiate egg-laying behavior in this animal. Evidence suggests that changes in excitability of the bag cell neurons may be mediated by activation of protein kinase C (PKC) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (cAMP-PK). PKC activators, such as the phorbol ester TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl-13-phorbol acetate), enhance the amplitude of action potentials in isolated bag cell neurons in cell culture. These agents act by unmasking a previously covert species of voltage-dependent calcium channel resulting in an increase in calcium current. In the accompanying paper (Conn et al., 1989), we showed that H-7, a protein kinase inhibitor, inhibits the effect of TPA, and is a selective inhibitor of PKC relative to cAMP-PK in these cells. We now report that another PKC inhibitor, sphinganine, also inhibits the effect of TPA on action potential height and calcium current in cultured bag cell neurons, and that N-acetylsphinganine, an inactive sphinganine analog, fails to inhibit the effects of PKC activators. Although both H-7 and sphinganine prevent the effects of TPA when added prior to TPA addition, neither compound reverses the effects of TPA when added after the action potentials have already become enhanced by TPA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Inhibition of Tumor Cell Invasion by Verapamil (1991)

Verapamil, a calcium channel antagonist, inhibits murine B16 melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma C26 tumor metastasis by altering platelet aggregation [Tsuruo, T., et al. (1985) Cancer Chemother. Pharmacol., 14:30-33]. However, the role of calcium homeostasis in regulating several biochemical pathways implicated in other steps of the metastatic cascade suggests that calcium channel antagonists could also inhibit metastasis by other mechanisms. In this report, non-toxic doses of verapamil reversibly decreased human A375M and C8161 melanoma cell invasion and metastasis in a dose-dependent manner. Verapamil reduced cellular invasion and metastases by up to 96% (range 78-96%). Concomitantly, verapamil disrupts microtubule and microfilament organization and inhibits unidirectional cell migration but does not affect cellular adhesion to endothelial monolayers or reconstituted basement membranes. In addition, tumor cells treated with verapamil have a decrease in mRNA of type IV collagenase, a proteinase important in tumor cell degradation of basement membranes. Collectively, these data offer additional evidence regarding the mechanisms of action of verapamil as an anti-metastatic agent.
Impact of Poly (Styrene–Acrylic Acid) Latex Nanoparticles on Colorectal and Cervical Cancer Cells (2021)

Polymer nanoparticles are a promising approach for cancer treatment and detection, due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, targeting capabilities, capacity for drug loading and long blood circulation time. This study aims to evaluate the impact of poly (styrene-acrylic acid) latex particles on colorectal and cervical cancer cells for anti-tumor efficiency. Latex particles were synthesized by a surfactant-free radical emulsion polymerization process and the obtained polymer particles were characterized in terms of size, size distribution, morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electrokinetic property (i.e., zeta potential). Human colorectal and cervical cancer, and normal cell lines, were then treated with different concentrations of poly (styrene-acrylic acid) latex particles. The cell morphology changes were pointed out using an optical microscope and the nanoparticles' (NPs) cell cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT assay. The obtained results showed that poly (styrene-acrylic acid) latex particles are effective against colorectal and cervical cancer cells if treated with an appropriate particle concentration for 48 h. In addition, it showed that normal cells are the least affected by this treatment. This indicates that these NPs are safe as a drug delivery carrier when used at a low concentration.
Tuning the Spring Constant of Cantilever-Free Tip Arrays (2013)

A method to measure and tune the spring constant of tips in a cantilever-free array by adjusting the mechanical properties of the elastomeric layer on which it is based is reported. Using this technique, large-area silicon tip arrays are fabricated with spring constants tuned ranging from 7 to 150 N/m. To illustrate the benefit of utilizing a lower spring constant array, the ability to pattern on a delicate 50 nm silicon nitride substrate is explored.
A unique hub‐and‐spoke model to optimize patient management in lymphoma using novel chimeric antigen receptor‐T cell therapy in Southeast and South Asia (2022)

Novel therapeutic options for cancer offer hope for patients and their families, particularly when the cancer has not responded to established treatment regimens. The chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapeutic approach has changed the treatment paradigm for relapsed or refractory lymphoma, extending the capacity of the patient's own T cells to detect and eliminate cancer cells through genetic modification of T-cell surface receptors. The process of establishing treatment centers and developing clinical expertize in this novel treatment strategy is complex. Time, resources, and a commitment to focusing health budgets on a new area are required. Currently, Singapore is the only country in southeast and south Asia with market authorization of the CAR-T product, tisagenlecleucel. Availability of CAR-T treatment across international borders provides patients in neighboring countries with choice in therapeutic options. This paper describes the unique hub-and-spoke cross-border collaboration developed between Singapore and its neighbors to provide access to CAR-T cell therapy for patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. To date in 2022, four patients have been included in the CAR-T treatment cross-border collaboration. Their stay in Singapore has been about 2 months' duration, including the pre-treatment evaluation, apheresis, CAR-T cell infusion and post-treatment monitoring. Patient support from referring and treating physicians, critical to the success of the undertaking, is characterized by early communication, patient selection, multi-disciplinary care, post-treatment monitoring, and attention to detail. The patient journey and the development and implementation of this unique collaboration are discussed.
Codes correcting phased burst erasures (2002)

We introduce a family of binary array codes of size t/spl times/n, correcting multiple phased burst erasures of size t. The codes achieve maximal correcting capability, i.e., being considered as codes over GF(2/sup t/) they are MDS. The length of the codes is n=/spl Sigma//sub l=1//sup L/(/sub l//sup t/) where L is a constant or is slowly growing in t. The complexity of encoding and decoding is proportional to rnmL where r is the number of correctable erasures, and m is the smallest number such that 2/sup t/=1 modulo m. This compares favorably with the complexity of decoding codes obtained from the shortened general Reed-Solomon codes having the same parameters.
Evaluation of Rock Mechanical Properties Alteration During Matrix Stimulation With Chelating Agents (2016)

Well stimulation using acidic solutions is widely used to treat carbonate formations. The acidic fluids remove the near-wellbore damage and create channels around the wellbore by dissolving fraction of the carbonate rocks. Many stimulation fluids have been used such as hydrochloric acid (HCl) acid, organic acids, and chelating agents to stimulate carbonate reservoirs. Wormholes that are created by these fluids are very effective and will yield negative skin values and this will enhance the well productivity. In addition to the wormhole creation, the diffusion of these fluids inside the pores of the rock may create significant and permanent changes in the rock mechanical properties. These changes can eventually lead to weakening the rock strength, which may lead to future formation damage due to the wellbore instability. In this paper, the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelating agents on the carbonate rocks elastic properties was investigated. The effect of wormholes created by chelating agent on the rock mechanical properties was investigated. Computed tomography (CT) scan and acoustic measurements were conducted on the core samples before and after matrix stimulation treatments. Experimental results showed that the mechanical properties of strong rocks such as Indiana limestone (IL) cores were not affected when chelating agents were used to stimulate those cores. On the other hand, less strong rocks such as Austin chalk (AC) show significant alteration on the rock elastic properties when chelating agents were used as stimulation fluids.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Isagarin, a New Type of Tetracyclic Naphthoquinone from Pentas longiflora. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Caspase-activated Factor (CAF) Induces Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization and Cytochrome c Release by a Nonproteolytic Mechanism (1998)

It is well established that apoptosis is accompanied by activation of procaspases and by mitochondrial changes, such as decrease in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (DeltaPsim) and release of cytochrome c. We analyzed the causal relationship between activated caspases and these mitochondrial phenomena. Purified recombinant caspase-1, -11, -3, -6, -7, and -8 were incubated with mitochondria in the presence or absence of additional cellular components, after which DeltaPsim was determined. At lower caspase concentrations, only caspase-8 was able to activate a cytosolic factor, termed caspase-activated factor (CAF), which resulted in decrease in DeltaPsim and release of cytochrome c. Both CAF-mediated activities could not be blocked by protease inhibitors, including oligopeptide caspase inhibitors. CAF-induced cytochrome c release, but not decrease of DeltaPsim, was blocked in mitochondria from cells overexpressing Bcl-2. CAF is apparently involved in decrease of DeltaPsim and release of cytochrome c, whereas Bcl-2 only prevents the latter. Hence, CAF may form the link between death domain receptor-dependent activation of procaspase-8 and the mitochondrial events studied.
Clinical features of the 1992 outbreak of equine viral arteritis in Spain (1995)

During 1992, a widespread outbreak of Equine viral arteritis (EVA) occurred at a riding establishment near Barcelona, Spain. A total of 31 out of 186 horses on the premises displayed clinical signs, most frequently, fever, depression, mild ventral and limb oedema and a vesicular-erosive stomatitis, with hypersalivation, petechiations and small ulcerations. Affected horses developed illness of varying severity with only a few exhibiting a severe form of the disease and no mortality was recorded. Haematological and blood biochemical examination the most severely affected horses revealed a thrombocytopenia, slight leucocytosis with neutrophilia, lymphopenia and eosinopenia, an increase in plasma fibrinogen and a small rise in serum proteins and indirect bilirubin values. Diagnosis was confirmed by demonstration of seroconversion to equine arteritis virus in acute and convalescent phase sera. Attempted isolation of the virus from citrated blood samples proved unsuccessful.
High power fiber lasers and amplifiers (2001)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. J. DiGiovanni, "High power fiber lasers and amplifiers," in Advanced Solid State Lasers, M. Fejer, H. Injeyan, and U. Keller, eds., Vol. 26 of OSA Trends in Optics and Photonics (Optica Publishing Group, 1999), paper WA1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: D‐Erythronolactone as a C4 Building Unit. Part 2. A Short and Efficient Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of epi‐Muricatacin, a Diastereoisomer of the Native Acetogenin from Annona muricata. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Unified Video Codec for SDR, HDR, and 360° Video Applications (2019)

The ITU-T Video Coding Experts Group (VCEG) and ISO/IEC Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) issued in October 2017 a joint Call for Proposals (CfP) on video compression with capability beyond HEVC. The joint CfP included three categories of content: standard dynamic range (SDR), high dynamic range and wide color gamut (HDR/WCG), and 360° omni-directional video (360°). This paper describes a response to the joint CfP that considers all three categories of video content. The core codec in the response is designed based on the joint exploration model (JEM) reference software. The key coding tools in the JEM are significantly simplified to reduce both average and worst-case complexity for hardware design with negligible coding performance loss. Furthermore, two additional coding tools are used to further improve coding efficiency. For the HDR and 360° categories, additional coding tools specifically designed to optimize the compression efficiency and subjective quality of that specific content category are included. Further, some SDR coding tools are modified to alleviate subjective quality problems. For the random access configuration, compared to the HEVC test model (HM) anchor, the proposed video codec achieves average luma rate savings of 35.7%, 31.3%, and 33.9% for the SDR, HDR, and 360° categories, respectively.
An Inclusion Membrane Protein from Chlamydia trachomatis Enters the MHC Class I Pathway and Stimulates a CD8+ T Cell Response (2003)

During its developmental cycle, the intracellular bacterial pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis remains confined within a protective vacuole known as an inclusion. Nevertheless, CD8(+) T cells that recognize Chlamydia Ags in the context of MHC class I molecules are primed during infection. MHC class I-restricted presentation of these Ags suggests that these proteins or domains from them have access to the host cell cytoplasm. Chlamydia products with access to the host cell cytoplasm define a subset of molecules uniquely positioned to interface with the intracellular environment during the pathogen's developmental cycle. In addition to their use as candidate Ags for stimulating CD8(+) T cells, these proteins represent novel candidates for therapeutic intervention of infection. In this study, we use C. trachomatis-specific murine T cells and an expression-cloning strategy to show that CT442 from Chlamydia is targeted by CD8(+) T cells. CT442, also known as CrpA, is a 15-kDa protein of undefined function that has previously been shown to be associated with the Chlamydia inclusion membrane. We show that: 1) CD8(+) T cells specific for an H-2D(b)-restricted epitope from CrpA are elicited at a significant level (approximately 4% of splenic CD8(+) T cells) in mice in response to infection; 2) the response to this epitope correlates with clearance of the organism from infected mice; and 3) immunization with recombinant vaccinia virus expressing CrpA elicits partial protective immunity to subsequent i.v. challenge with C. trachomatis.
Ultralow timing jitter picosecond pulse generation from electrically gain-switched oxidized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (1997)

Ultralow timing jitter picosecond optical pulses are generated by electrically gain switching oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) at repetition rates of up to 10.0 GHz. Timing jitter as low as 1.2 ps is measured, which is at least four times lower than that measured for implanted VCSELs. The ultralow timing jitter is attributed to the high level of spontaneous coupling in the oxide-confined VCSEL due to multimode operation resulting from the index guiding properties of the oxide layer.
Glycosylation facilitates transdermal transport of macromolecules (2012)

Stratum corneum, the outermost layer of skin, allows transport of only low-molecular weight (<500) lipophilic solutes. Here, we report a surprising finding that avicins (Avs), a family of naturally occurring glycosylated triterpenes with a molecular weight > 2,000, exhibit skin permeabilities comparable to those of small hydrophobic molecules, such as estradiol. Systematic fragmentation of the Av molecule shows that deletion of the outer monoterpene results in a 62% reduction in permeability, suggesting an important role for this motif in skin permeation. Further removal of the tetrasaccharide residue results in a further reduction of permeability by 79%. These results, taken in sum, imply that synergistic effects involving both hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues may hold the key in facilitating translocation of Avs across skin lipids. In addition to exhibiting high permeability, Avs provided moderate enhancements of skin permeability of estradiol and polysaccharides, including dextran and inulin but not polyethylene glycol.
Thermal Annealing of Radiation Induced Defects: A Diffusion-Limited Process? (1983)

Annealing of defects in bulk fused silicas suggests the rate-limiting step is diffusion of molecular species. Evidence that similar processes occur in MOS devices is presented. A systematic dependence on gate size is shown.
Mechanism of gadophrin-2 accumulation in tumor necrosis (1999)

The molecular mechanism by which gadophrin-2 targets necrotic tumor tissue was investigated. Biodistribution studies and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and histologic/autoradiographic correlation were performed in xenograft mouse models bearing human tumors (HT 29, WiDr, LX 1). Binding of gadophrin-2 to DNA, lipids, or proteins was determined by fluorescence spectrophotometry. Protein binding was determined by dialysis and gel electrophoresis. Accumulation of gadophrin-2 was low (<0.7% injected dose/g tissue at 24 hours after injection) in viable tumor but higher in necrotic tumor regions and was readily detectable by MRI. Within a given tumor, the agent preferentially localized in the periphery of necrotic areas. Within these regions gadophrin-2 was bound to interstitial albumin and not other proteins, lipids, or DNA. Tumoral accumulation of gadophrin-2 most likely occurs through its binding to plasma albumin and subsequent slow extravasation into the tumor interstitium.