gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design strategy for tri-band Doherty power amplifier (2014)

This paper presents design of a tri-band Doherty power amplifier operating at frequencies of 1.6 GHz, 1.9 GHz and 2.2 GHz. The circuit utilizes two 10 W GaN HEMT transistors in a symmetric Doherty power amplifier configuration. A peak drain efficiency of more than 60% is achieved in measurement at each frequency of operation. At 6 dB output power back-off, the measured drain efficiency is more than 45% at 1.6 GHz, 2.2 GHz and better than 38.2% at 1.9 GHz. In comparison to the balanced mode operation, this corresponds to an improvement of 19.7%, 10.4 % and 16.7% in the drain efficiency achieved at 1.6 GHz, 1.9 GHz and 2.2 GHz respectively. The ratio of Carrier to third order intermodulation distortion is better that 18 dBc at saturation for all three frequencies of operation.
12,000km Transmission of 100GHz Spaced, 8×495-Gb/s PDM Time-Domain Hybrid QPSK-8QAM Signals (2013)

Employing time-domain hybrid QPSK-8QAM and training-assisted phase recovery, we successfully transmitted eight 495-Gb/s DWDM signals at net 4.125 bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency (SE) over 120×100km of ultra-large-area fiber, achieving a record SE·distance product of 49500 (bit/s/Hz) km.
Terahertz scattering and water absorption for porosimetry (2017)

We use terahertz transmission through limestone sedimentary rock samples to assess the macro and micro porosity. We exploit the notable water absorption in the terahertz spectrum to interact with the pores that are two orders of magnitude smaller (<1μm) than the terahertz wavelength. Terahertz water sensitivity provides us with the dehydration profile of the rock samples. The results show that there is a linear correlation between such a profile and the ratio of micro to macro porosity of the rock. Furthermore, this study estimates the absolute value of total porosity based on optical diffusion theory. We compare our results with that of mercury injection capillary pressure as a benchmark to confirm our analytic framework. The porosimetry method presented here sets a foundation for a new generation of less invasive porosimetry methods with higher penetration depth based on lower frequency (f<10THz) scattering and absorption. The technique has applications in geological studies and in other industries without the need for hazardous mercury or ionizing radiation.
Three Dimensional Strain Throughout the Canine Left Ventricle During Local Graded Ischema (1993)

Moore, Christopher B.S.E.; Veigh, Elliot Mc Ph.D.; Zerhouni, Elias M.D. Author Information
Proliferation‐ and migration‐enhancing effects of ginseng and ginsenoside Rg1 through IGF‐I‐ and FGF‐2‐signaling pathways on RSC96 Schwann cells (2009)

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the proliferation- and migration-enhancing effects of ginseng and its component, ginsenoside (Rg1) on RSC96 Schwann cells. We investigated the molecular signaling pathways, which include: (1) survival signaling, IGFs-IGFIR-Akt-Bcl2 and proliferative signaling, cell cycle factors and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways, (2) migrating and anti-scar signaling, FGF-2-uPA-MMPs.We treated RSC96 cells with different concentrations (100, 200, 300, 400, 500 microg ml(-1)) of ginseng and its constituent, Rg1 (5, 10, 15, 20, 25 microg ml(-1)). We observed a proliferative effect in a dose-dependent manner by PCNA western blotting assay, MTT assay, and wound healing test. Furthermore, we also found in the results of western blotting assay, ginseng and Rg1 enhance protein expression of IGF-I pathway regulators, cell cycle controlling proteins, and MAPK signaling pathways to promote the cell proliferation. In addition, ginseng and Rg1 also stimulated the FGF-2-uPA-MMP 9 migrating pathway to enhance the migration of RSC96 Schwann cells. Using MAPK chemical inhibitors, U0126, SB203580, and SP600125, the proliferative effects of ginseng and Rg1 on RSC96 cells were identified to be MAPK signaling-dependent. On the basis of the results, applying appropriate doses of ginseng and Rg1 with biomedical materials would be a potential approach for enhancing neuron regeneration.
In Vivo 31P and 1H NMR studies of rat brain tumor pH and blood flow during acute hyperglycemia: Differential effects between subcutaneous and intracerebral locations (1989)

Surface coil NMR spectroscopy was used to monitor the hyperglycemia-induced alterations in pH and blood flow in vivo in C6 gliomas implanted both subcutaneously and intracerebrally in rats. Tumor pH was calculated from the chemical shift difference between PCr and Pi in the 31P NMR spectra. Subcutaneous glioma pH decreased 0.8 units by 1 h after intraperitoneal administration of an aqueous 50% glucose solution (6 g glucose per kg body weight). In contrast, hyperglycemia failed to significantly alter the pH of intracerebral gliomas which were monitored for 90 min following administration of glucose. Tumor blood flow (TBF) was determined both pre- and post-glucose administration using deuterium NMR by monitoring the time course of D2O washout following intratumoral injection of saline D2O. Subcutaneous and intracerebral TBF were found to have an average change of -78.1% (range -47.4 to -93.3%, n = 5) and -21.1% (range +6.0 to -37.8%, n = 9), respectively. In addition, laser Doppler blood flow measurements of rat skin and subcutaneous glioma revealed a dramatic reduction in blood flow in both tissues following glucose administration. These results indicate that the effects of acute hyperglycemia are site dependent and that hyperglycemia alone is not beneficial for inducing intracellular acidosis in intracerebral tumors.
The Additive Prognostic Value of Serial Plasma Interleukin-6 Levels over Changes in Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients with Acute Heart Failure (2021)

We demonstrate that the temporal evolution patterns of IL-6 in patients with AHF have additive prognostic value independent of changes in BNP.
Memory-access-aware Safety and Profitability Analysis for Transformation of Accelerator-bound OpenMP Loops (2019)

Iteration Point Difference Analysis is a new static analysis framework that can be used to determine the memory coalescing characteristics of parallel loops that target GPU offloading and to ascertain safety and profitability of loop transformations with the goal of improving their memory access characteristics. This analysis can propagate definitions through control flow, works for non-affine expressions, and is capable of analyzing expressions that reference conditionally defined values. This analysis framework enables safe and profitable loop transformations. Experimental results demonstrate potential for dramatic performance improvements. GPU kernel execution time across the Polybench suite is improved by up to 25.5× on an Nvidia P100 with benchmark overall improvement of up to 3.2×. An opportunity detected in a SPEC ACCEL benchmark yields kernel speedup of 86.5× with a benchmark improvement of 3.3×. This work also demonstrates how architecture-aware compilers improve code portability and reduce programmer effort.
Thermoreversible gelation of poly(ethylene oxide) biodegradable polyester block copolymers (1999)

The gel to sol transition of aqueous solutions of di- and triblock copolymers consisting of poly(ethylene oxide) and biodegradable polyesters was studied as a function of temperature. The molecular weight and the chemical composition of the biodegradable blocks, (poly(l-lactic acid), poly(dl-lactic acid), poly(dl-lactic acid-co-caprolactone), and poly(dl-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)) were varied to investigate the effects of chain packing and relative hydrophobicity on the gel to sol transition. The block copolymers studied formed micelles at lower concentrations in water, while the concentrated solutions experienced a gel to sol transition as the temperature increased. Further increase in temperature resulted in the precipitation of polymers. With increasing molecular weight and chain packing tendency of hydrophobic biodegradable block, the gel to sol transition occurred at lower concentrations and the transition temperature ranged from 0°C to over 90°C in a relatively narrow concentration range. The results obtained in this study confirm the relationship between gelation properties and polymer structure, as well as provide more information for these polymers in drug delivery applications. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 751–760, 1999
Does the Level of NNK in Tobacco and Tobacco Products Depend on the Level of Pseudooxynicotine or of Nicotine-1′-N-Oxide? (2022)

Summary 4-( N’ -methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a potentially carcinogenic tobacco specific nitrosamine (TSNA) and an important compound in the Harmful and Potentially Harmful Constituents (HPHCs) list of U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). For this reason, significant effort is being made for an understanding of the formation of this compound and for the reduction of its level in tobacco products. Formation of NNK is assumed to be the result of nitrosation of 4-(methylamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (pseudooxynicotine or PON). Present study evaluated the correlation between the levels of NNK and those of PON in a variety of tobaccos and tobacco products. Since nicotine-1′- N -oxide can be involved in the formation of PON, the correlation of the levels of this compound with the levels of NNK was also evaluated. Two original methods were developed for the quantitation of PON in tobacco and tobacco products and a well-established method has been used for the analysis of NNK. The correlation between the levels of NNK with that of PON was proven to be very poor. The same result was obtained for the correlation between NNK levels and nicotine-1′- N -oxide. This indicated that a higher level of PON or of nicotine-1′- N -oxide in tobacco or tobacco products does not lead to a higher level of NNK. The study does not prove that NNK in tobacco or tobacco products is not generated via PON, but it demonstrated that the limiting factor in the formation of NNK in tobacco and tobacco products is not the level of PON or that of nicotine-1′- N -oxide, and other factors are responsible for the effectiveness of NNK formation.
Causative Mutations and Genetic Risk Factors in Sporadic Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Before 51 Years (2019)

The genetic component of very early sporadic EOAD gathers a substantial proportion of pathogenic variants in autosomal dominant genes and an even higher proportion of patients carrying genetic risk factors, suggesting an oligogenic determinism, even at this range of ages.
An efficient synthesis of [13C6]‐3,5‐dichloroaniline (2008)

Abstract 3,5‐Dichloroaniline is commonly found in many compounds with pharmacological and other biological activities. [ 13 C 6 ]‐Aniline or its hydrochloride salt was converted in three steps to [ 13 C 6 ]‐3,5‐dichloroaniline, which can be incorporated in compounds of interest and used as internal standards in drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) studies. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying Impacts of Land Ownership on Regional Forest NDVI Dynamics (2009)

Identifying the impacts of human activities on local and regional ecological processes is important for protecting essential ecological functions. In this study, the spatial and temporal dynamics of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) at three adjacent areas with different proportions of private land (6 percent, 20 percent and 55 percent) in the Bankhead National Forest in Alabama, USA from 1998 to 2004 were examined. The phase coupling, synchrony, and information entropy of NDVI at multiple temporal scales for each of these areas were examined. A higher proportion of private land (e.g., 55 percent) resulted in decrease of annual mean, coefficient of variance, seasonal maximum, and absolute value of rate of increase/ rate of decrease for NDVI values as well as increase in seasonal minimum NDVI and decrease in spatial coupling and synchrony of NDVI dynamics. Thus, a higher proportion of private land could affect regional NDVI dynamics in complex and ecologically significant ways.
MR angiography of dural arteriovenous fistulas: diagnosis and follow-up after treatment using a time-resolved 3D contrast-enhanced technique. (2007)

In this study, TR 3D MRA proved reliable in detecting DAVFs and suitable for follow-up imaging. The technique allowed--within limitations--to grade DAVFs. Although 3D TOF MRA can depict signs of DAVFs, its value for follow-up imaging is limited.
Excursion Prevention Strategy to Increase Chip Performance by Wafer Intra-Field CD Control Using Photomask Tuning (2020)

Advanced process control in lithography and overall patterning is of tremendous importance for advanced semiconductor Fabs to ensure enhanced chip performance and yield. The final patterning result and subsequent yield are dependent upon many process parameters such as lithography processes, exposure tool performance, etch process, and CMP etc. To control these effects, various knobs, e.g. on the scanner for both wafer inter- and intra-field process control, have been introduced recently, including sophisticated inline metrology. In this holistic lithographic concept, the metrology is supported by simulation and by inline data. Additionally, offline data such as the mask critical dimension uniformity (CDU) data, can be added as a mask wafer interaction, also significantly contributing to wafer intra-field performance. The metrology algorithm now looks for locations where the simulation finds the weakest process features due to strong deviations of focus, dose, stage dynamics or other input parameters. These concepts are optimized to find sites where the process may break. Our concept of “excursion preventions” is a complementary approach. It proactively concentrates on the task to minimize the distributions of critical input parameters as much as possible, independent of a certain pre-defined specification for whether that parameter is met or not. In this paper, we will describe this concept by improving wafer intra-field CDU using CD Correction (CDC) by mask tuning (based on wafer intra-filed data). Mask tuning by the ForTune system uses ultra-short pulse laser technology to change the mask transmission locally, subsequently improving CDU on the wafer (CDC). To ensure safe patterning with a large enough process window without any negative yield or reliability impact, our concept looks for the tail of the final CD distribution instead of traditional 3 sigma numbers. By using a calibrated 3-D resist model, we simulate the pattern result under all permutations of input parameter distributions like dose, focus and mask CDU. As a result of the simulation, we get thousands of CD-results. The tail of that CD distribution still needs to be larger than the minimum CD needed for a safe etch transfer. Secondly, we will show in detail how the pro-active optimization of wafer intra-field CDU by mask tuning using the ForTune CDC process will give us more margin patterning and process stability over any other excursion process (e.g. focus deviations). Furthermore, we will present the simulated yield improvement based on the weak points (hot spots) improvement.
Ge laser and on-chip electronic-photonic integration (2012)

We present recent progress in monolithic Ge-on-Si lasers for on-chip electronic-photonic integration, with a highlight on electrically-pumped Ge-on-Si lasers with ~1 mW output at λ~1530-1650 nm.
Xenon effects on regional cerebral blood flow assessed by 15O‐H2O positron emission tomography: Implications for hyperpolarized xenon MRI (1997)

Subjective and physiologic effects of 33% inhaled Xe were measured with 15O-water positron emission tomography (PET) in 3 subjects at rest and during visual stimulation. The procedure was well tolerated. Robust functional activations of the visual cortex were obtained after xenon (Xe) inhalation as well as air breathing. However, Xe inhalation was followed by smaller size, but significant decreases of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in visual cortex relative to the air-breathing baseline, both during visual stimulation and at rest. No such decreases were found in other sensory or motor regions.
Direct Micro/Nano Patterning of Multiple Colored Quantum Dots by Large Area and Multilayer Imprinting (2012)

A novel direct method of micro/nano quantum dot (QD) patterning via one-step imprinting over a large area at low temperatures and low pressures was demonstrated as an alternative to conventional vacuum deposition and photolithography methods. More complex QD patterning could be demonstrated by expanding the QD direct imprinting process for multiple colored QD and patterning on the multiple layers. Additionally, a self-alignment scheme was developed to pattern multiple layers without the need for laborious alignment steps. Our approach may be useful for QD-based optoelectronic device fabrication and patterning on large flexible substrates due to the low-temperature requirements of this process.
Design, analysis, and engineering of video monitoring systems: an approach and a case study (2001)

Rapid improvement in computing power, cheap sensing, and more flexible algorithms are facilitating increased development of real-time video surveillance and monitoring systems. The deployment of video understanding systems in certain critical applications in the real world can be done only if performance guarantees can be provided for these systems. This paper reviews past work on a systematic engineering methodology for vision systems performance characterization and illustrates how it can be adapted in practice to develop a real-time people detection and zooming system to meet given application requirements. A case study involving dual-camera real-time video surveillance is used to illustrate that by judiciously choosing the system modules and by performing a careful analysis of the influence of various tuning parameters on the system it is possible to perform proper statistical inference, to automatically set control parameters and to quantify performance limits.
Crammer-Rao Lower Bound of Vehicular Position & Orientation using a Lens-based MIMO in the Cooperative Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) Systems (2022)

We derive theoretical limits of estimation on the position and orientation of vehicles equipped with lens based arrays in cooperative Vehicle to Vehicle (V2V) scenario. Then, we analyze and compare its performance with conventional linear array. We determine a received signal of a lens-embedded antenna array and V2V geometric model, with which we next derive the Cramér-Rao lower bound (CRLB) on position and orientation estimation. We verify that a lens-based multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) outperforms a conventional uniform linear array (ULA) in a certain constraint of a lens’s structure.
Enantiopure Narrow Bite‐Angle POP Ligands: Synthesis and Catalytic Performance in Asymmetric Hydroformylations and Hydrogenations (2014)

Herein is reported the preparation of a set of narrow bite-angle P-OP ligands the backbone of which contains a stereogenic carbon atom. The synthesis was based on a Corey-Bakshi-Shibata (CBS)-catalyzed asymmetric reduction of phosphomides. The structure of the resulting 1,1-P-OP ligands, which was selectively tuned through adequate combination of the configuration of the stereogenic carbon atom, its substituent, and the phosphite fragment, proved crucial for providing a rigid environment around the metal center, as evidenced by X-ray crystallography. These new ligands enabled very good catalytic properties in the Rh-mediated enantioselective hydrogenation and hydroformylation of challenging and model substrates (up to 99 % ee). Whereas for asymmetric hydrogenation the optimal P-OP ligand depended on the substrate, for hydroformylation, a single ligand was the highest-performing one for almost all studied substrates: it contains an R-configured stereogenic carbon atom between the two phosphorus ligating groups, and an S-configured 3,3'-diphenyl-substituted biaryl unit.
Ambient particulate matter causes activation of the c-jun kinase/stress-activated protein kinase cascade and DNA synthesis in lung epithelial cells. (1998)

Numerous epidemiological studies have demonstrated a positive association between ambient air pollution and adverse health effects including respiratory morbidity, asthma, and lung cancer. It has been suggested in some experimental studies that airborne particulate matter (PM) can produce inflammatory effects, but nothing is known about the possible proliferative and carcinogenic effects of these particles on cells of the lung. We show here that exposure of pulmonary epithelial cells, a cell type affected in acute lung injury, asthma, and lung carcinomas, to nontoxic concentrations of PM in vitro results in increases in c-jun kinase activity, levels of phosphorylated cJun immunoreactive protein, and transcriptional activation of activator protein-1-dependent gene expression. These changes are accompanied by elevations in numbers of cells incorporating 5'-bromodeoxyuridine, a marker of unscheduled DNA synthesis and/or cell proliferation. Data here are the first to demonstrate that interaction of ambient PM with target cells of the lung initiates a cell signaling cascade related causally to aberrant cell proliferation and carcinogenesis.
Organizing long-running activities with triggers and transactions (1990)

This paper addresses the problem of organising and controlling activities that involve multiple steps of processing and that typically are of long duration. We explore the use of triggers and transactions to specify and organize such long-running activities. Triggers offer data- or event-driven specification of control flow, and thus provide a flexible and modular framework with which the control structures of the activities can be extended or modified. We describe a model based on event-condition-action rules and coupling modes. The execution of these rules is governed by an extended nested transaction model. Through a detailed example, we illustrate the utility of the various features of the model for chaining related steps without sacrificing concurrency, for enforcing integrity constraints, and for providing flexible failure and exception handling.
Measurement of the Verdet Constant in a Terbium-Core-Doped Fiber (2008)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text L. Sun, S. B. Jiang, J. D. Zuegel, and J. R. Marciante, "Measurement of the Verdet Constant in a Terbium-Core-Doped Fiber," in Frontiers in Optics 2008/Laser Science XXIV/Plasmonics and Metamaterials/Optical Fabrication and Testing, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2008), paper FWR2. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Biomechanical comparison of occipitoatlantal screw fixation techniques (2008)

Assuming the presence of mild C1-2 instability, Oc-C1 transarticular screws and occipital keel-C1 lateral mass screws are approximately equivalent in performance for occipitoatlantal stabilization in promoting fusion. A posteriorly wired contoured rod is less likely to provide a good fusion environment because of less stabilizing potential and a greater likelihood of loosening with fatigue.