gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bidirectional delta-switch indirect matrix converter: Topologies and modulation strategies (2013)

This work proposes novel three-phase ac-ac indirect matrix converter (IMC) topologies well-suited for voltage step-up operation, e.g. wind energy generation applications. The IMC systems employ a bidirectional delta-switch voltage source converter (VSC) as front-end stage and a bidirectional current source converter (CSC) as the back-end grid connected converter. Two space vector modulation schemes for the studied ac-ac converter featuring commutations under zero current or zero voltage are presented. Finally, in order to demonstrate the advantages of the new delta-switch IMC (Δ-IMC), a comparison of the proposed solution and conventional IMC rated to 10 kW is given for a permanent magnet synchronous generator based wind power system.
Design and Implementation of a Sort-Free K-Best Sphere Decoder (2009)

This paper describes the design and very-large-scale integration (VLSI) architecture for a 4 × 4 breadth-first K-best multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) decoder using a 64 quadrature-amplitude modulation (QAM) scheme. A novel sort-free approach to path extension, as well as quantized metrics result in a high-throughput VLSI architecture with lower power and area consumption compared to state-of-the-art published systems. Functionality is confirmed via a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation on a Xilinx Virtex II Pro FPGA. Comparison of simulation and measurements are given, and FPGA utilization figures are provided. Finally, VLSI architectural tradeoffs are explored for a synthesized application-specific IC (ASIC) implementation in a 65-nm CMOS technology.
Differential Protective Efficacy of DNA Vaccines Expressing Secreted Proteins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (1999)

The development of more-effective antituberculosis vaccines would assist in the control of the global problem of infection withMycobacterium tuberculosis. One recently devised vaccination strategy is immunization with DNA plasmids encoding individual microbial genes. Using the genes for the M. tuberculosis secreted proteins MPT64 (23 kDa), Ag85B (30 kDa), and ESAT-6 (6 kDa) as candidate antigens, DNA vaccines were prepared and tested for immunogenicity and protective efficacy in a murine model of aerosolized tuberculosis (TB). Intramuscular immunization with DNA-64 or DNA-85B resulted in the activation of CD4+ T cells, which produce gamma interferon (IFN-γ), and high titers of specific immunoglobulin G antibodies. Further, DNA-64 induced major histocompatibility complex class I-restricted CD8+cytotoxic T cells. The addition of a eukaryotic leader sequence tompt64 did not significantly increase the T-cell or antibody response. Each of the three DNA vectors stimulated a significant reduction in the level of M. tuberculosis infection in the lungs of mice challenged 4 weeks after immunization, but not to the levels resulting after immunization with Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The vaccines showed a consistent hierarchy of protection, with the most effective being Ag85B, followed by ESAT-6 and then MPT64. Coimmunization with the three vectors resulted in a greater degree of protection than that induced by any single vector. This protective efficacy was associated with the emergence of IFN-γ-secreting T cells earlier than in infected animals immunized with a control vector. The efficacy of these DNA vaccines suggests that multisubunit vaccination may contribute to future vaccine strategies against TB.
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I Circumvents Defective Insulin Action in Human Myotonic Dystrophy Skeletal Muscle Cells1 (1999)

Primary human skeletal muscle cell cultures derived from muscles of a myotonic dystrophy (DM) fetus provided a model in which both resistance to insulin action described in DM patient muscles and the potential ability of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) to circumvent this defect could be investigated. Basal glucose uptake was the same in cultured DM cells as in normal myotubes. In DM cells, a dose of 10 nM insulin produced no stimulatory effect on glucose uptake, and at higher concentrations, stimulation of glucose uptake remained significantly lower than that in normal myotubes. In addition, basal and insulin-mediated protein synthesis were both significantly reduced compared with those in normal cells. In DM myotubes, insulin receptor messenger RNA expression and insulin receptor binding were significantly diminished, whereas the expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 glucose transporters was not affected. These results indicate that impaired insulin action is retained in DM cultured myotubes. The action of recombinant human IGF-I (rhIGF-I) was evaluated in this cellular model. We showed that rhIGF-I is able to stimulate glucose uptake to a similar extent as in control cells and restore normal protein synthesis level in DM myotubes. Thus, rhIGF-I is able to bypass impaired insulin action in DM myotubes. This provides a solid foundation for the eventual use of rhIGF-I as an effective treatment of muscle weakness and wasting in DM.
Mobility management in optical mobile network (2014)

In this paper a novel mobility management scheme is proposed that is based on optical packet switching. Optical Packet based Mobility Management (OPMM) is proved to be more efficient for mobile traffic transport compared to conventional GPRS Tunneling Protocol (GTP) regarding packet overhead, transport latency and energy consumption. Meanwhile, OPMM reduces the complexity of the mobility management procedure. The system design is validated in a simulator and the performance is compared with the standard 3GPP implementation in realistic scenarios with a reference architecture.
Fast-Degradable Microbeads Encapsulating Human Umbilical Cord Stem Cells in Alginate for Muscle Tissue Engineering (2020)

Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) are inexhaustible and can be obtained without an invasive surgery. To date, there has been no report on seeding hUCMSCs in three-dimensional scaffolds for muscle tissue engineering. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate hUCMSC seeding in a scaffold for muscle engineering and (2) develop a novel construct consisting of hUCMSC-encapsulating and fast-degradable microbeads inside a hydrogel matrix. The rationale was that the hydrogel matrix would maintain the defect volume, while the microbeads would degrade to release the cells and concomitantly create macropores in the matrix. hUCMSCs were encapsulated in alginate-fibrin microbeads, which were packed in an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-modified alginate matrix (AM). This construct is referred to as hUCMSC-microbead-AM. The control consisted of the usual cell encapsulation in AM without microbeads (referred to as hUCMSC-AM). In the hUCMSC-AM construct, the hUCMSCs showed as round dots with no spreading at 1–14 days. In contrast, cells in the hUCMSC-microbead-AM construct had a healthy spreading and elongated morphology. The microbeads successfully degraded and released the cells at 8 days. Myogenic expressions for hUCMSC-microbead-AM were more than threefold those of hUCMSC-AM (p<0.05). Immunofluorescence for myogenic markers was much stronger for hUCMSC-microbead-AM than hUCMSC-AM. Muscle creatine kinase of hUCMSC-microbead-AM at 14 days was twofold that of hUCMSC-AM (p<0.05). In conclusion, hUCMSC encapsulation in novel fast-degradable microbeads inside a hydrogel matrix was investigated for muscle engineering. Compared to the usual method of seeding cells in a hydrogel matrix, hUCMSC-microbead-AM construct had greatly improved cell viability and myogenic differentiation, and hence, is promising to enhance muscle regeneration.
Immunohistochemical Characterization of Macrophage and Dendritic Cell Subpopulations of the Spleen, Thymus, Tongue and Heart in Cyclophosphamide‐induced Immunosuppressed Rat (2003)

This study was undertaken to investigate the immunohistochemical characterization of different subpopulations of macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) of the spleen, thymus, tongue and heart in cyclophosphamide (CY)-induced immunosuppressed rat. After CY treatment, remarkably, ED1+, ED2+ and ED3+ macrophage subpopulations, in general exhibited signs of cellular activation such as an increase in number and size of cell, and an upregulation of the ED1, ED2 and ED3 reactive surface molecule expression in all the organs studied, except for some macrophage subpopulations including ED1+ macrophages in the non-lymphoid tissues. Subpopulations of DCs showed a differential sensitivity to CY. Lymphoid DCs were more sensitive to CY than non-lymphoid interstitial DCs. CY induced a conspicuous upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the vascular endothelial cells, splenic marginal zone and thymic cortex. In this study, we demonstrated the in vivo effects of CY treatment on subpopulations of macrophages and DCs as well as on ICAM-1 expression in the rat spleen, thymus, tongue and heart. Moreover, our results shed more light on the activation effects of CY on certain subpopulations of macrophages, on the differential sensitivity of DCs to CY between the immature and mature ones, on the functional role of different subpopulations of macrophages, and on the significance of upregulated ICAM-1 expression in the splenic marginal zone and thymic cortex after CY treatment.
New Heat Transfer Correlation for an HCCI Engine Derived from Measurements of Instantaneous Surface Heat Flux (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An experimental study has been carried out to provide qualitative and quantitative insight into gas to wall heat transfer in a gasoline fueled Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engine. Fast response thermocouples are embedded in the piston top and cylinder head surface to measure instantaneous wall temperature and heat flux. Heat flux measurements obtained at multiple locations show small spatial variations, thus confirming relative uniformity of in-cylinder conditions in a HCCI engine operating with premixed charge. Consequently, the spatially-averaged heat flux represents well the global heat transfer from the gas to the combustion chamber walls in the premixed HCCI engine, as confirmed through the gross heat release analysis. Heat flux measurements were used for assessing several existing heat transfer correlations. One of the most popular models, the Woschni expression, was shown to be inadequate for the HCCI engine. The problem is traced back to the flame propagation term which is not appropriate for the HCCI combustion. Subsequently, a modified model is proposed which significantly improves the prediction of heat transfer in a gasoline HCCI engine and shows very good agreement over a range of conditions.&lt;/div&gt;
System-level process variability compensation on memory organizations of dynamic applications: a case study (2006)

Process variability and the dynamism of new applications have a tremendous impact on both the performance and the energy consumption of memory organizations of embedded systems. In this paper, we explore the combination of code transformations at compilation time and architectural-level techniques to tackle both problems, introducing a new methodology to combine them in an integrated and coordinated way. Our approach manages to reduce significantly the energy overhead associated to both variability and application dynamism (up to 50% according to our simulations) without compromising the application timing constraints
Investigations Into the Velocity and Distance Perception of Moving Sound Sources (2009)

Temporal loudness changes, binaural cues and Doppler shift can all influence distance perception of moving sound sources. This article will analyze different auditory distance perception cues of moving sound sources. In psychoacoustic experiments, the subjects were presented with dichotic and diotic stimuli of a set of real-life recordings taken from a passing passenger car and then asked to determine the velocity of the object and its minimal distance from the listener. The results of the listening experiments allow us to separate monaural distance perception cues from binaural ones, and thus show that binaural cues contribute significantly to the perception of velocity. For short distances and high velocities, the presentation of binaural cues causes a decrease in the perceived velocity while for long distances and low velocities this causes a clear increase. By estimating the minimal distance from the passing object, one observes a significant difference between dichotic and diotic presentation, which can be explained by an increased loudness of dichotic stimuli due to the binaural masking level difference (BMLD). Furthermore, it is shown that the main parameter for distance determination is the maximum sound pressure level at the listener's position. However, dynamic cues (change of sound pressure level over time, Doppler shift) are of considerable importance for the plausibility of the auditory scene.
Data from Multiple Robust Signatures for Detecting Lymph Node Metastasis in Head and Neck Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Genome-wide mRNA expression measurements can identify molecular signatures of cancer and are anticipated to improve patient management. Such expression profiles are currently being critically evaluated based on an apparent instability in gene composition and the limited overlap between signatures from different studies. We have recently identified a primary tumor signature for detection of lymph node metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Before starting a large multicenter prospective validation, we have thoroughly evaluated the composition of this signature. A multiple training approach was used for validating the original set of predictive genes. Based on different combinations of training samples, multiple signatures were assessed for predictive accuracy and gene composition. The initial set of predictive genes is a subset of a larger group of 825 genes with predictive power. Many of the predictive genes are interchangeable because of a similar expression pattern across the tumor samples. The head and neck metastasis signature has a more stable gene composition than previous predictors. Exclusion of the strongest predictive genes could be compensated by raising the number of genes included in the signature. Multiple accurate predictive signatures can be designed using various subsets of predictive genes. The absence of genes with strong predictive power can be compensated by including more genes with lower predictive power. Lack of overlap between predictive signatures from different studies with the same goal may be explained by the fact that there are more predictive genes than required to design an accurate predictor. (Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2361-6)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Displaying Tetra‐Membrane Spanning Claudins on Enveloped Virus‐Like Particles for Cancer Immunotherapy (2017)

Virus-like particles (VLPs) displaying foreign antigens have become an important tool in vaccination including the induction of immune responses against self-antigens. Claudin 6 (CLDN6) has been identified as tumor-associated antigen and is therefore a potential target for tumor vaccination strategies. However, as tetra-membrane spanning protein its incorporation into VLPs while preserving a native fold is challenging. Here, we attempted the incorporation of a panel of engineered CLDN6 variants into the membrane of retrovirus-derived VLPs. Interestingly, wild-type CLDN6 revealed the most efficient display. VLPs presenting CLDN6 or CLDN9 derived from different donor species were produced and preservation of their native confirmation was demonstrated by antibody binding assays. VLPs displaying murine CLDN6 were used to immunize mice. Antibodies recognizing native CLDN6 as displayed on cell surfaces and mediating complement-dependent cytotoxicity were elicited in vaccinated animals. The data suggest applications of CLDN6 displaying VLPs in cancer immunotherapy.
Age-dependent neurobehavioral responses by young and mature adult rats to systemic kainic acid (1996)

Neurobehavioral effects caused by the excitotoxin kainic acid (KA) have been characterized by convulsions including 'wet dog shakes' (WDS) with accompanying hippocampal degeneration in experimental animals. Accordingly, this model has been proposed for putative excitotoxin-mediated disorders, such as the temporal lobe epilepsy. There have been reports on age-dependent neurobehavioral effects of KA; however, little is known about possible correlations between neuropathology and behavioral responses to KA. The present study demonstrates that mature adult rats (12 months old) injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with KA (12 mg/kg) had severer damage to the hippocampal formation, i.e. CA3 region, compared with KA-treated young adult rats (2 months old). The mature adult animals also exhibited an earlier onset of WDS, a significantly higher number of WDS (P > 0.01), and severer convulsions compared with young adult rats. These findings indicate a positive correlation between KA-induced hippocampal damage and behavioral responses in young and mature adult rats.
Framework for Adopting a Problem-Based Learning Approach in a Simulated Clinical Setting (2008)

The problem-based learning (PBL) approach applied in the clinical setting is different from that applied in the classroom setting. This study analyzed a learning and teaching episode in a simulated clinical situation using the PBL approach. Conversation analysis was used to examine the scenario. Data analysis revealed six key manifestations of this learning arrangement: collection of information, data analysis, formulation of hypotheses, validation, discussion and reflection, and learning synthesis. The simulated clinical environment provided realism in learning and allowed students to experience a full range of learning issues within a short time frame. Problem-based learning was a deliberate approach that helped students achieve the following learning outcomes: patient-focused care, student-directed learning, inductive learning, and translation of theoretical knowledge into practical information. Learning was further enhanced with postsimulation self-evaluation and peer analyses. The incorporation of the PBL approach can bring out the optimal effects in a simulated learning environment.
Analogue modulation characteristics of InP membrane microdisc laser for in-building networks (2011)

Using thin membrane InP microdisc lasers heterogeneously integrated on a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate having a broadband analogue modulation bandwidth of 11 GHz, analogue direct modulation with radio data signals (64 and 256 QAM, 20M symbols/s at 5 GHz RF carrier) is demonstrated. The demonstration shows the potential of the microdisc laser as a low-energy analogue optical transmitter with error-vector magnitude penalties of 3.6 and 4.2% for 64 and 256 QAM, respectively, and the low biasing currents for both DC (4 mW) and RF (0.1 mW) signals, which are compatible with signals and currents which can be supplied by a simple CMOS driving chip.
Relationship of Blood Pressure and Other Factors to Serial Retinal Arteriolar Diameter Measurements Over Time (2012)

Retinal arteriolar diameter is independently associated with past and current systolic BP, calcium channel blocker use, smoking status, body mass index, and heavy drinking during 5-year intervals. The relationships with CRAE are stronger for concurrent than for past measures of these variables.
A highenergygamma camerausingamultipleholecollimator andPSPMT (1994)

A high energy gamma camera using a parallelhole tungstencollimatorand a 7.62 cm squarePositionSensitive Photomultiplier Tube (PSPMT) hasbeen assembledandtested .The measuredenergyresolution is12-20% FWHM for 137CS (662keV) gamma rays,and 17-23% FWHM for 57 Co (122 keV).The measuredspatialresolution measuredis2.8-3.2mm for122 keV and 3.4-5.3mm for662 keV .The variationintheenergyand spatialresolution isdue to thecontinuously varyinggainacrossthePSPMT .Measured energyspectraand imagesobtainedarepresented .
The effects of 3D region-based compression on the performance of an automatic lung nodule detection system (2005)

There is growing interest in computer aided diagnosis applications including automatic detection of lung nodules from multislice computed tomography (CT). However the increase in the number and size of CT datasets introduces high costs for data storage and transmission, and becomes an obstacle to routine clinical exam as well as hindering widespread utilization of computerized applications. We investigated the effects of 3D lossy region-based JPEG2000 standard compression on the results of an automatic lung nodule detection system. As the algorithm detects the lungs within the datasets, we used this lung segmentation to define a region of interest (ROI) where the compression should be of higher fidelity. We tested 4 methods of 3D compression: 1) default compression of the whole image, 2) default compression of segmented lungs with masking out all non-lung regions, 3) ROI-based compression as specified in the JPEG2000 standard and 4) compression where voxels in the ROI are weighted to be given emphasis in the encoding. We tested 7 compression ratios per method: 1, 4, 6, 8, 10, 20, and 30 to 1. We then evaluated our experimental CAD algorithm on 10 patients with 67 documented nodules initially identified on the decompressed data. Sensitivities and false positive rates were compared for the various compression methods and ratios. We found that region-based compression generally performs better than default compression. The sensitivity with default compression decreased from 85% at no compression to 61% at 30:1 compression, a decrease of 25%, whereas the masked compression method saw a decreased in sensitivity on only 13.5% at maximum compression. At compression levels up to 10:1, all 3 region-based compression methods had decreases in sensitivity of 7.5% or less. Detection of small nodules (< 4mm in diameter) was more affected by compression than detection of large nodules; sensitivity to calcified nodules was less affected by compression than to non-calcified nodules.
A Unified Treatment of Partial Stragglers and Sparse Matrices in Coded Matrix Computation (2022)

The overall execution time of distributed matrix computations is often dominated by slow worker nodes (stragglers) within the computation clusters. Recently, coding-theoretic techniques have been utilized to mitigate the effect of stragglers where worker nodes are assigned the job of processing encoded submatrices of the original matrices. In many machine learning or optimization problems the relevant matrices are often sparse. Several prior coded computation methods operate with dense linear combinations of the original submatrices; this can significantly increase the worker node computation times and consequently the overall job execution time. Moreover, several existing techniques treat the stragglers as failures (erasures) and discard their computations. In this work, we present a coding approach which operates with limited encoding of the original submatrices and utilizes the partial computations done by the slower workers. While our scheme can continue to have the optimal threshold of prior work, it also allows us to trade off the straggler resilience with the worker computation speed for sparse input matrices. Extensive numerical experiments done over cloud platforms confirm that the proposed approach enhances the speed of the worker computations (and thus the whole process) significantly.