gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recovery of Islet β-Cell Function in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Mice (2006)

Limitations in islet beta-cell transplantation as a therapeutic option for type 1 diabetes have prompted renewed interest in islet regeneration as a source of new islets. In this study we tested whether severely diabetic adult C57BL/6 mice can regenerate beta-cells. Diabetes was induced in C57BL/6 mice with high-dose streptozotocin (160-170 mg/kg). In the absence of islet transplantation, all diabetic mice remained diabetic (blood glucose >400 mg/dl), and no spontaneous reversal of diabetes was observed. When syngeneic islets (200/mouse) were transplanted into these diabetic mice under a single kidney capsule, stable restoration of euglycemia for >/=120 days was achieved. Removal of the kidney bearing the transplanted islets at 120 days posttransplantation revealed significant restoration of endogenous beta-cell function. This restoration of islet function was associated with increased beta-cell mass, as well as beta-cell hypertrophy and proliferation. The restoration of islet cell function was facilitated by the presence of a spleen; however, the facilitation was not due to the direct differentiation of spleen-derived cells into beta-cells. This study supports the possibility of restoring beta-cell function in diabetic individuals and points to a role for the spleen in facilitating this process.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecularly Fine‐Regulated Enantioselective Catalysts (2016)

Abstract Review: [35 refs.
Controlled Hybrid Nanostructures through Protein‐Mediated Noncovalent Functionalization of Carbon Nanotubes (2007)

Gut verteilt: Ein hierarchisch geordnetes Material, in dem Goldnanopartikel entlang Kohlenstoffnanoröhren im Abstand von 2.6 nm positioniert sind (unten im Bild; oben: zugehörige TEM-Aufnahme), wird durch Selbstorganisation erhalten, wobei die Funktionalität des oberflächenaktiven Proteins HFBI (ein Hydrophobin) genutzt wird. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z702298_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of a Method for the N‐Arylation of Amino Acid Esters with Aryl Triflates. (2016)

Abstract A N‐arylation of α‐ and β‐amino acid esters with aryl triflates is presented utilizing a Pd catalyst under mild reaction conditions with minimal racemization.
Prior Antipsychotic Drug Treatment Prevents Response to Novel Antipsychotic Agent in the Methylazoxymethanol Acetate Model of Schizophrenia (2014)

Trials of novel compounds for the treatment of schizophrenia are typically tested in patients following brief withdrawal of ongoing medication despite known long-term changes in the dopamine (DA) system following chronic antipsychotic drug therapy. The present study explored the impact of withdrawal from repeated haloperidol (HAL) treatment, as well as the response to a novel α5 gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA(A)) receptor positive allosteric modulator (α5PAM), on the activity of the DA system in the methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Electrophysiological recordings were conducted from DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area of MAM and saline (SAL) rats following 7-day withdrawal from repeated HAL (21 d, 0.6 mg/kg, orally). In separate animals, amphetamine-induced locomotion was measured to assess changes in DA behavioral sensitivity. SAL rats withdrawn from HAL demonstrated reduced spontaneous DA neuron activity along with an enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine, indicative of the development of DA supersensitivity. Both α5PAM treatment and ventral hippocampal (vHPC) inactivation reversed the DA neuron depolarization block following HAL withdrawal in SAL rats. In contrast, MAM rats withdrawn from HAL exhibited reduced spontaneous DA activity and enhanced locomotor response to amphetamine compared with untreated SAL rats; however, this condition was unresponsive to α5PAM treatment or vHPC inactivation. Withdrawal from prior HAL treatment interferes with the therapeutic actions of this novel treatment in the MAM model of schizophrenia. Consequently, testing novel compounds on chronically treated schizophrenia patients may be ineffective.
The Effect of Surfactants on the Removal of Ceria Particles in the Buff Clean Process (2023)

In this work, we have established a new buff clean method, using deionized water (DIW) with 2000 ppm surfactants to remove ceria particles from the surface of SiO 2 after chemical mechanical polishing (CMP). Six kinds of surfactants have been compared. The SEM and AFM results show that with CAO and LAPAO, the ceria particles can be fully removed in the buff clean process. The molecular activity and adsorption energy of surfactants are calculated based on the density functional theory (DFT) to clarify the mechanism of the buff clean process. The surfactants adsorbing on the SiO 2 surface can be fully removed after the buff clean process.
Bulk properties of two-phase disordered media. IV. Mechanical properties of suspensions of penetrable spheres at nondilute concentrations (1987)

We derive rigorous upper and lower bounds on the bulk and shear moduli of suspensions of spheres of variable penetrability distributed throughout a matrix (or fluid), for all possible phase property values, through second order in the sphere volume fraction φ2. The bounds, at the very least, capture the salient qualitative features that come into play when particles overlap, and, in some instances, are shown to be quantitatively very sharp. Among other results, we use these bounds to obtain good estimates of the bulk and expansion viscosities of an incompressible fluid containing spherical air bubbles and thus extend the corresponding results of Taylor in which pair interactions were neglected.
Embryonic or Neural Stem Cells in Neurodegenerative Disease of the Central Nervous System (with Relevance to PD, HD, AD, MS, SCI, and Stroke) (2012)

There has been a recent dramatic increase in understanding how to replace neurons lost through aging, trauma or disease and how to repair brain damage with significant functional recovery in a variety of models of human neurodegenerative disease. Donor factors identified in various models indicate that underlying successful cell transplantation in the nervous system critically include cell harvesting at an appropriate stage notably in embryonic or neonatal development. Also necessary are an appropriate nutritive environment for cell growth and appropriate techniques of cell implantation. Animal and other models have demonstrated the potential feasibility of using cells for repair of central nervous system disorders but for the present time functional clinical use of such cells remains an innovation in development at least in part due to the complex and precisely organized anatomical structures involved. There are also donor supply and ethics issues and conflicting clinical trial work, however, clinicians are working to achieve consensus through the application of evidence-based medicine.
Advanced Methods for Imbalance Compensation in Communication Receivers (2001)

signal processing is widely utilized in today's communication receivers. However, all processing receiver structures, such as the low-IF receiver, face a common problem of matching the amplitudes and phases of the and branches. In practice, imbalances are unavoidable in the analog front-end, which results in finite and usually insufficient rejection of the image frequency band. This causes the image signal to appear as interfer- ence on top of the desired signal. We carry out general signal analysis of an imbalanced pro- cessing receiver and propose novel methods for imbalance compensation using baseband digital signal processing. A simple structure for compensation is derived, based on a traditional adap- tive interference canceller. Improved image rejection can also be obtained by using more advanced blind source separation tech- niques. Theoretical analysis of the performance of the proposed imbalance compensation structures is presented. In addition, some simulation results are provided in order to further evaluate the per- formance of the proposed methods. The results indicate that the imbalance can be effectively compensated during the normal operation of the receiver, even in the rapidly changing case, as long as a linear system model for the imbalance is valid.
Accuracy limitations of fog-based continuous measurement-while-drilling surveying instruments for horizontal wells (2002)

Horizontal drilling processes in the oil industry utilize directional measurement-while-drilling (MWD) instruments to provide real-time monitoring of the position and the orientation of the bottom hole assembly (BHA). It has been reported that a single fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) can be incorporated with three-axis accelerometers to provide real-time MWD surveying of horizontal wells. However, the long-term performance and the accuracy limitations of this FOG-based instrumentation system have not been discussed. This article aims at describing a methodology for quantitative long-term analysis of the various surveying errors while drilling the near-vertical sections of the well. It also offers some techniques to enhance the long-term surveying accuracy in an experimental model of the FOG-based downhole-surveying instrument. The surveying errors are optimally estimated by the Kalman filtering techniques, and their long-term analysis is based on studying the corresponding mean square estimation errors. In order to limit the long-term growth of the surveying errors, we suggest improving the velocity computation provided by the FOG-based system either by continuous velocity update or by zero velocity update at some predetermined surveying stations. These techniques have significantly limited the long-term growth of the position errors (less than 100 m over a more than 2-h experiment). Moreover, the errors associated with the BHA orientation components were kept at less than 1/spl deg/. Suggested methodology significantly improved the surveying accuracy in an experimental model of the FOG-based MWD surveying system.
Immunomodulatory effects of recombinant BCG expressing pertussis toxin on TNF-alpha and IL-10 in a bladder cancer model (2008)

These data indicate a significant reduction of bladder tumor volume for the rBCG group, compared to the BCG and PBS groups. This suggests that rBCG could be a useful substitute for wild-type BCG and that the potential modulation between TNF-alpha and IL-10 cytokine productions may have therapeutic value.
Flowfield surveys and computations of a crossing-shock wave/boundary-layer interaction (1996)

A joint experimental and computational study has been performed to investigate the flowfield structure created by two crossing oblique shock waves interacting with a turbulent boundary layer. Such an interaction is of practical importance in the design of high-speed sidewall-compression inlets. The interaction is created by a test model, consisting of two sharp fins mounted at 15-deg angle of attack to a flat plate, placed in a Mach 3.85 freestream flow with a unit Reynolds number of 76 X 106/m. Two computational solutions, one using a Baldwin-Lomax algebraic turbulent eddy viscosity model and one using a modified K-£ (Rodi) turbulence model, are compared with experimental flowfield data obtained from a fast-response five-hole probe. Both the experiment and the computations show that the flowfield is dominated by a large, low-Mach-number, low-total-pressure separated region located on the interaction centerline. A comparison of the results shows significant differences between experiment and computations within this separated region. Outside the separated region, the experiment and computations are in good agreement. Additionally, the comparison shows that both turbulence models provide similar results, with neither model being clearly superior in predicting the flowfield.
Improving the Folding of Supramolecular Copolymers by Controlling the Assembly Pathway Complexity (2017)

A family of amphiphilic, heterograft copolymers containing hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and supramolecular units based on Jeffamine M-1000, dodecylamine, and benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide (BTA) motifs, respectively, was prepared via a postfunctionalization approach. The folding of the copolymers in water into nanometer-sized particles was analyzed by a combination of dynamic and static light scattering, circular dichroism spectroscopy, and small-angle neutron scattering. The sample preparation protocol was crucial for obtaining reproducible and consistent results, showing that only full control over the structure and pathway complexity will afford the desired folded structure, a phenomenon similar to protein folding. The results revealed that relatively small changes in the polymer's graft composition strongly affected the intra- versus intermolecular assembly processes. Depending on the amount of the hydrophobic grafts based on either dodecyl or BTA groups, pronounced behavioral differences were observed for copolymers that comprise similar degrees of hydrophobic content. A high number of BTA grafts (>10%) resulted in the formation of multichain aggregates comprising around six polymer chains. In contrast, for copolymers comprising up to 10% BTA grafts the folding results in nanoparticles that adopt open, sparse conformations and comprise one to two polymer chains. Interestingly, predominantly single-chain polymeric nanoparticles were formed when the copolymer comprised only Jeffamine or Jeffamine and dodecyl grafts. In addition, replacing part of the BTA grafts by hydrophobic dodecyl grafts while keeping the hydrophobic content constant promoted single-chain folding and resulted in the formation of a compact, globular nanoparticle with a more structured interior. Thus, the intra- and intermolecular self-assembly pathways can be directed by carefully tuning the polymer's hydrophilic-hydrophobic balance in combination with the number of supramolecular grafts.
TcRho1, a Farnesylated Rho Family Homologue fromTrypanosoma cruzi (2001)

Rho GTPases are members of the Ras superfamily and are involved in signal transduction pathways, including maintenance of cell morphology and motility, cell cycle progression, and transcription activation. We report the molecular identification in trypanosomatids (Trypanosoma cruzi) of the first member of the Rho family. The cloned Rho protein, TcRho1, shares approximately 40% homology with other members of the Rho family. Southern blot analysis revealed that TcRHO1 is a single copy gene per haploid genome, and Northern blot assays showed a transcript of 1200 nucleotides in length. Mapping the 5'-untranslated region of TcRHO1 transcripts revealed at least five different transcripts derived from differential trans-splicing. Three of the five transcripts contain the trans-splicing site within the coding region of the TcRHO1 gene. TcRho1 also contains the C-terminal sequence CQLF (CAAX motif), which is predicted to direct post-translation prenylation of the cysteine residue. A synthetic peptide containing this C-terminal motif, when tested against Q-Sepharose chromatography fractions from T. cruzi cytosol, was shown to be efficiently farnesylated, but not geranylgeranylated, despite the fact that the CAAX motif with X = Phe specifies geranylgeranylation by mammalian protein geranylgeranyltransferase I. Furthermore, immunoblot analyses of epimastigote protein with anti-S-farnesylcysteine methyl ester and anti-TcRho1 antisera strongly suggested that TcRho1 is farnesylated in vivo. The farnesylation of proteins such as Rho GTPases could be the basis for the selective cytotoxic action of protein farnesyltransferase inhibitors on trypanosomatids versus mammalian cells.
Simulation of Flow-Driven Adiabatic Inversion in Dual Coil Continuous ASL at 9.4 T (2015)

Purpose/Introduction: Continuous ASL with labeling coils placed at the subject´s neck (DC-CASL, [1]) has a high sensitivity [2], does not suffer from magnetization transfer effects and leads to lower power deposition than any other CASL technique. The latter makes it especially interesting for ultra-high field applications where the TR in ASL is limited by the high SAR evoked by the inversion. So far, simulations of the efficiency were performed for field strengths up to 3 T [2–3]. However, the shorter T2 of arterial blood at 9.4 T requires reassessing of the labeling process at this field strength. Subjects and Methods: Bloch simulations were performed in Matlab for different blood velocities (vblood = 0.01 - 1 m/s), transmit fields (B1 +=2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 lT) and gradients (Gz = 0-10 mT/m) assuming T1 = 2400 ms [5], T2 = 30 ms [6] at 9.4 T. For comparison, calculations were also performed with 3 T relaxation times (T1 = 1330 s [7], T2 = 250 ms [8]). The efficiencies of cases with an adiabaticity \\1 were set to zero. In order to take the temporally varying blood volume and the parabolic velocity profile into account, the total efficiency was calculated as described in Ref. [2]. Two flow weighting models were investigated: I. A two period model [2]; II. A detailed representation of vblood over time adapted from [4]. A constant transmit field was assumed since the influences of the B1 + shape of a surface coil on the inversion are negligible [3]. Results: Figure 1a shows the overall efficiencies for three transmit field strengths at 9.4 T and Fig. 1b the corresponding values at 3 T. For a given B1 +, the more detailed model II (b) requires slightly stronger gradients than model I (a) to achieve the optimal performance. The flow weighted inversion efficiency during the cardiac circle is depicted in Fig. 2. Table 1 comprises the efficiencies for some B1 +/Gz combinations. Discussion/Conclusion: In comparison to 3 T, stronger gradients are required for labeling at ultra-high field. However the lower efficiency will be compensated by the longer longitudinal relaxation time at 9.4 T. One possibility to reduce the T2 effect may be the utilization of local non-linear gradient coils [3]. The strong dependency on vblood complicates the quantification of DC-CASL especially in patients.
R348, A JAK3 INHIBITOR, IS IMMUNE CELL SPECIFIC AND PRESERVES THE RESPIRATORY EPITHELIUM WHILE STABILIZING MUCIN GENE 4 (MUC4) EXPRESSION IN THE PREVENTION OF OBLITERATIVE AIRWAY DISEASE (OAD) (2008)

Schrepfer, S; Velotta, J; Deuse, T; Peter, C; Taylor, V; Masuda, E; Park, G; Carroll, D; Robbins, R Author Information
분말 및 섬유 내화 필러로 충전된 실리콘 고무의 특성 비교 (2017)

최근 건축물의 대형 화재사고로 인해 불연, 난연, 내화 등의 소재 개발에 대한 관심이 커지고 있다. 특히, 자체적으로 불연 및 난연 성능을 나타내는 필러와 열적 특성이 우수한 실리콘 고무를 혼합한 복합 내화재료의 가능성은 크다. 본 연구에서는 내화 필러로서 사용되고 있는 분말 형태의 알루미나(AM), 운모(MC)와 섬유형의 미네랄 섬유, 유리섬유 총 4종류의 실리콘 복합체를 제작해 열적, 가교거동, 물리적 특성을 비교 분석하였다. 가스토치 화염시험, TGA 분석을 통해 미네랄 섬유와 유리 섬유 2종을 혼합한 실리콘 복합체의 내화 성능이 분말 형태의 필러를 혼합한 2종의 실리콘 복합체보다 우수함을 확인하였다. 또한 TGA 분석 시 Horowitz-Metzger 방법을 이용하여 4종 필러 실리콘 복합체의 승온속도에 따른 열분해 활성화 에너지를 계산하였다. 만능재료시험기(UTM)를 통해 분말 형태의 필러 2종을 혼합한 실리콘고무 복합체는 인장, 인열, 신장률에서 우수한 특성을 나타내었고, 섬유 형태의 필러 2종을 혼합한 실리콘고무 복합체는 압축강도, 경도에서 우수한 특성을 보여 주었다.
Scintillating bolometers for fast neutron spectroscopy in rare events searches (2012)

International audience
Uncovering Epigenetic Targets in Cancer (2018)

Dr. Stephen Baylin discusses his 2018 AACR meeting presentation on SU2C research into using epigenetic therapy to boost immune checkpoint therapy.
Micropropulsion Options for the TechSat21 Space-Based Radar Flight (1999)

An assessment of current micropropulsion concepts and their applicability to a new Air Force mission called TechSat21 is given. The goal of TechSat21 is to demonstrate the critical technologies for a formation-flying constellation of satellites that will perform space based radar. The propulsion system must accomplish an initial ascent, 10 year stationkeeping and drag makeup, and end-of-life deorbit. Major constraints on the propulsion system are total mass, minimum impulse bit, and contamination or other interference with the constellation. Due to its technical maturity, high performance, ease of integration, and potential for improved performance over the next couple of years, the recommended propulsion system is the conventional Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) for primary propulsion and the Micro-PPT for stationkeeping. A low-power Hall thruster (-200 W) for primary propulsion and Micro-PPT for stationkeeping is also a strong candidate. Electrodynamic tethers for the deorbits offer a means for further reducing the propulsion mass, albeit at the expense of increased developmental and integration costs. If significant developmental risk is acceptable, the Micro Field Ionization Thruster (MFIT) offers the lowest propulsion system mass, however it is not expected to be available in the timeframe required for the TechSat21 mission.
Touchplates (2013)

Adding tactile feedback to touch screens can improve their accessibility to blind users, but prior approaches to integrating tactile feedback with touch screens have either offered limited functionality or required extensive (and typically expensive) customization of the hardware. We introduce touchplates, carefully designed tactile guides that provide tactile feedback for touch screens in the form of physical guides that are overlaid on the screen and recognized by the underlying application. Unlike prior approaches to integrating tactile feedback with touch screens, touchplates are implemented with simple plastics and use standard touch screen software, making them versatile and inexpensive. Touchplates may be customized to suit individual users and applications, and may be produced on a laser cutter, 3D printer, or made by hand. We describe the design and implementation of touchplates, a "starter kit" of touchplates, and feedback from a formative evaluation with 9 people with visual impairments. Touchplates provide a low-cost, adaptable, and accessible method of adding tactile feedback to touch screen interfaces.
Characterization of an Albite Inclusion Containing MgO by Atom Probe Tomography (2013)

Bei der Erzeugung hochwertiger Stahle nach dem LD-Verfahren (Linz-Donawitz), wie es bei der Saarstahl AG angewandt wird, ist es verfahrensbedingt unmoglich, Stahl ohne Eintrag von Sauerstoff und die daraus resultierenden nichtmetallischen oxidischen Einschlusse herzustellen. Als mogliche Quellen kommen dabei die Desoxidationsprodukte des nach dem Konverterprozess (Sauerstoffaufblasverfahren) desoxidierten Stahls, Reoxidation durch Luftkontakt und die feuerfesten Materialien, von denen die meisten aus temperaturbestandigen oxidischen Rohstoffen hergestellt werden, in Betracht. Genauere Erkenntnisse uber die Herkunft dieser oxidischen Einschlusse sind fur eine gezielte Verbesserung der Prozesse bzw. der eingesetzten Feuerfestmaterialien notwendig. Received: July 18, 2013 Accepted: July 18, 2013 Translation: E. Engert
Nipple-Sparing Mastectomy in Patients with Previous Breast Surgery (2015)

Therapeutic, III.