gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of permanent magnets in small-scale wind turbines (2013)

Small scale wind turbines offer an attractive method for electrification of remote locations using a renewable source of energy. The popular permanent magnet axial flux alternator design for small turbines published by Scoraig Wind Electric has been widely constructed using readily available materials, but requires a relatively large amount of costly rare earth magnets. The prohibitive magnet cost is a result of an ironless stator, which serves to eliminate cogging torque but ultimately introduces a large air gap in the magnetic circuit. This paper investigates the use of powered iron and other ferrous materials to fill the centers of concentrated windings in an attempt to balance magnet utilization and acceptable cogging torque. Simple techniques in line with the accessible manufacturing approach for these turbines are proposed. Experimental results using either a ferrous filing based soft magnetic composite or a steel slug configuration embedded in the stator windings are demonstrated. A 50% magnet reduction is achievable while maintaining or enhancing electrical performance with an acceptable increase in cogging torque.
Safe increase of the TCP (2014)

This document proposes a new fast start-up mechanism for TCP that can
be used to speed the beginning of an Internet connection and then
improved the short-lived TCP connections performance. Initial
Spreading allows to safely increase the Initial Window size in any
cases, and notably in congested networks. Merging the increase in the
IW with the spacing of the segments belonging to the Initial Window
(IW), Initial Spreading is a very simple mechanism that improves
short-lived TCP flows performance and do not deteriorate long-lived
TCP flows performance.
Evaluation of estrogen receptor (ER) with 18F-fluoroestradiol in biopsy-proven ER positive breast cancer patients resistant to hormonal therapy (2014)

1544 Objectives Some breast cancer patients with biopsy-proven estrogen receptor (ER) fail to respond to or develop new lesions during hormonal therapy, suggesting either transformation to ER-negative state or ineffective current therapeutic due to other mechanisms such as tumor growth factors. We have explored the usefulness of PET imaging with 18F-16alpha-fluoro-17beta-estradiol (FES) for examining ER status of each lesion. Methods FES-PET was performed on 7 patients (age 39-72) who had biopsy-proven ER-positive primary breast cancer but did not respond to or developed metastatic lesions during hormonal therapy (estrogen antagonist, LH-RH agonist, or aromatase inhibitor). The subjects underwent whole-body PET/CT scan starting 60 minutes post injection of 178-211 MBq of FES. Results FES uptake was observed in the lesions of 4 cases (primary lesion, bone, lung, and pleural metastasis). In one of them, 2 of 4 vertebral bone metastatic lesions were FES positive, while the others were negative. In another case, accumulation in the FDG-avid liver lesion appeared comparable to the surrounding normal tissue and was not detected visually. FES uptake was not observed in the lesions of the other 2 cases (primary, lymph node). The SUV of FES positive lesions ranged from 1.0 to 8.1. Conclusions Breast cancer lesions that do not respond to hormonal therapy may have variable ER status. FES-PET is useful as a non-invasive tool for examining ER for each lesion and may provide valuable information for management of such patients.
Comparable engraftment kinetics following peripheral-blood stem-cell infusion mobilized with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor with or without cyclophosphamide in multiple myeloma. (1998)

Compared with HDCTX plus G-CSF, high-dose G-CSF alone is associated with lower morbidity, shorter duration of PBSC mobilization, and comparable hematopoietic recovery after transplantation, which should result in significant cost reduction. Considering the relatively limited antitumor activity of HDCTX (10% with > or = 50% tumor cytoreduction), PBSC mobilization with HDCTX should be limited to selected patients with persistent MM despite induction chemotherapy.
COST IC1004 Temporary Document: Characterization of Interference for Over the Air Terminal Testing (2013)

The purpose of so-called over the air (OTA) testing of various MIMO devices is to include in the test the properties of both the antenna system as well as the transceiver. In the development of test procedures, much of the focus has been on modeling the properties of the radio channel of the desired signal. However, interfering signals also needs to be considered. The aims of the work described in this contribution is firstly to determine the level of the interference with respect to the desired signal and, secondly, to determine suitable interfering power distribution models, depending on the spherical angle.<br/>To this end, a small series of measurements has been carried out using a spectrum analyzer and a dual-polarized horn antenna. The horn was attached to a programmable device which can point the horn into arbitrary directions on a sphere centered at a given location. For each geographical measurement location a full dual-polarized scan was performed, covering the sphere in azimuth angle and most in elevation angle.<br/>Different locations were investigated, namely rural, sub-urban, and urban, all outdoors. The spectrum from 500–3000 MHz was measured in steps of about 350 kHz.
Promoter Analysis of Zfp-36 the Mitogen-inducible Gene Encoding the Zinc Finger Protein Tristetraprolin (1995)

The gene encoding the putative zinc finger protein tristetraprolin (TTP), Zfp-36, is rapidly induced by a variety of mitogens and growth factors. We show here that 77 base pairs 5' of the transcription start site are sufficient for full serum inducibility of the mouse Zfp-36 promoter. This region of the promoter includes consensus sequences for the binding of the transcription factors EGR-1, AP2, and Sp1. In addition, we have identified a previously undescribed element, TTP promoter element 1 (TPE1); this 10-base pair sequence includes a palindrome and is identical in the human, bovine, and mouse genes. Each of the three binding elements, EGR-1, AP2, and TPE1, contribute to the serum induction of Zfp-36 and can confer serum-inducible expression on a heterologous minimal promoter. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated the formation of complexes consisting of this region of the promoter and cellular nuclear proteins and demonstrated that the extent of complex formation could be altered by treatment of the cells with serum or insulin. These results suggest that the response of Zfp-36 to serum and other mitogens is mediated by a series of cis-acting elements acting in concert to confer full inducible transcription of this gene.
Quantum Control of Nuclear Spins (2006)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has proven to be a facile means of achieving small-scale demonstrations of quantum information processing. This was in large part made possible by the sophisticated methods of quantum control that have been developed by the NMR community over a span of more than 50 years. The traditional control methods, already perhaps the most complex examples of open-loop control available, were nevertheless designed primarily to assist in identifying the physical parameters of the underlying spin system, rather than to control the system with high precision. We have therefore extended the traditional methods in a variety of ways so as to achieve precise control, by taking advantage of prior knowledge of the physical parameters as determined by traditional methods. Due to the experimental challenges of real-time control, these developments relied upon our ability to simulate the evolution of the system under the action of radio-frequency control fields with essentially arbitrary precision, subject only to the available computing power. This talk presents an overview of our work in quantum control together with some of the on-going challenges still facing us
Minimum Cost Input/Output Design for Large Scale Linear Structural\n Systems (2014)

In this paper, we provide optimal solutions to two different (but related)\ninput/output design problems involving large-scale linear dynamical systems,\nwhere the cost associated to each directly actuated/measured state variable can\ntake different values, but is independent of the labeled input/output variable.\nUnder these conditions, we first aim to determine and characterize the\ninput/output placement that incurs in the minimum cost while ensuring that the\nresulting placement achieves structural controllability/observability. Further,\nwe address a constrained variant of the above problem, in which we seek to\ndetermine the minimum cost placement configuration, among all possible\ninput/output placement configurations that ensures structural\ncontrollability/observability, with the lowest number of directly\nactuated/measured state variables. We show that both problems can be solved\nefficiently, i.e., using algorithms with polynomial time complexity in the\nnumber of the state variables. Finally, we illustrate the obtained results with\nan example.\n
Enhanced Birkhoff–von Neumann decomposition algorithm for input queued switches (2001)

The enhanced Birkhoff–von Neumann decomposition (EBVND) algorithm, a new class of scheduling arbitrators for input queued (IQ) crossbar switches that is based on the Birkhoff–von Neumann decomposition algorithm, is introduced. Theoretical analysis shows that the performance of EBVND is better than the Birkhoff–von Neumann decomposition algorithm in terms of throughput and cell delay, and can also provide rate and cell delay guarantees. Also, the weighted rate filling algorithm (WRFA), a new algorithm that can be ueed to construct doubly stochastic matrices from doubly substochastic matrices with less complexity and better fairness, is proposed. The wave front Birkhoff–von Neumann decomposition (WFBVND) algorithm and its simplified version WFBVND with logN iterations (WFBVND-logN), the special cases of EBVND, are also introduced and evaluated. Simulations show that the WFBVND and WFBVND-logN algorithms have much lower average cell delay as compared to the Birkhoff–von Neumann decomposition algorithm.
Blood Conservation in Hip Trauma (1998)

Patients with hip or pelvic fractures experience significant blood loss as a result of the fracture and from the surgery that subsequently is performed. The emergent and unplanned nature of fracture surgery precludes the use of preoperative blood donation and the optimization of chronic medical problems. Blood transfusion frequently is required to maintain adequate tissue O2 delivery in these injured patients. However, the administration of allogeneic blood causes other problems, including a well documented increase in the risk of infectious complications. Perioperative measures to minimize blood loss such as hypotensive anesthesia and red blood cell salvage are important, but often are inadequate to prevent the need for blood transfusion. Recently, erythropoietin therapy has been shown to stimulate hematopoiesis in patients with hip fractures. The authors discuss their experience with blood loss management in these patients with hip injuries, including aggressive Fe replacement therapy and the use of recombinant human erythropoietin.
Alkaline phosphatase protects against renal inflammation through dephosphorylation of lipopolysaccharide and adenosine triphosphate (2015)

These results indicate that the ability of recAP to reduce renal inflammation may account for the beneficial effect observed in septic acute kidney injury patients, and that dephosphorylation of ATP and LPS are responsible for this protective effect.
Stretchable and foldable electronic devices (2023)

Disclosed herein are stretchable, foldable and optionally printable, processes for making devices and devices such as semiconductors, electronic circuits and components thereof that are capable of providing good performance when stretched, compressed, flexed or otherwise deformed. Strain isolation layers provide good strain isolation to functional device layers. Multilayer devices are constructed to position a neutral mechanical surface coincident or proximate to a functional layer having a material that is susceptible to strain-induced failure. Neutral mechanical surfaces are positioned by one or more layers having a property that is spatially inhomogeneous, such as by patterning any of the layers of the multilayer device.
Geolocation technologies and applications for third generation wireless (2002)

Abstract Wireless Service Providers have become increasingly interested in developing position location services for commercial application of the evolving Third Generation (3G) communication systems. The initial and driving force behind this interest is a regulation in the United States promulgated by the Federal Communications Commission, requiring wireless carriers to be capable of delivering the position of a wireless device (or mobile station) making an emergency call to emergency authorities by October 2001. Similarly in Europe, the 1999 Communications Review (COM 1999/539) set the date of 1 January 2003 for the carriers to make location information available for emergency authorities. The cellular mobile station geolocation problem can be solved using either network‐based methods or handset‐based methods. A hybrid position location method that combines measurements from the communication system's forward and/or reverse links with measurements from the Global Positioning System (GPS) can improve position service availability. Given the ability to accurately determine a user's location means that position location service applications can and most certainly will provide value‐added features such as navigation, fleet management, real‐time traffic updates, location sensitive billing, etc. In this paper we present different geolocation technologies, list some of the important applications, and review the status of the location services in the 3G Standards Development Organizations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Pectin methyl esterase from Aspergillus aculeatus: expression cloning in yeast and characterization of the recombinant enzyme (1996)

Seventeen full-length cDNAs encoding pectin methyl esterase I (PME I) have been isolated from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus aculeatus by expression cloning in yeast. Yeast colonies expressing functional PME I were identified on agar plates containing highly esterified pectin, and a cDNA encoding PME I was isolated. The deduced amino acid sequence of PME I is highly similar (74% identity) to the PME from Aspergillus niger. A full-length cDNA encoding PME I was cloned into an Aspergillus expression vector and transformed into Aspergillus oryzae for heterologous expression, purification and characterization of the recombinant enzyme. The recombinant PME I had a molecular mass of 36.2 kDa, an isoelectric point of pH 3.8, a pH optimum of 4.6 and a temperature optimum of 45 degrees C. The authentic PME I was purified from A. aculeatus culture supernatant and subjected to amino acid sequencing. The peptide sequences covered 138 amino acid residues and were in complete agreement with the deduced PME I sequence. Both recombinant and authentic PME I were glycosylated, but the composition of the glycan moieties was different. PME I was able to remove 75-85% of the methyl groups in highly methylated pectin, and it did not remove acetyl groups from acetylated polysaccharides. When the enzyme was added together with polygalacturonases to pectin, a rapid depolymerization was observed. By comparison, polygalacturonases alone showed a very limited degradation of the methylated substrate. This demonstrates that PME I acts in synergy with polygalacturonases in the degradation of plant cell wall pectin.
Thermal Analysis of in-situ Thermoplastic Composite Tape Laying (1991)

This paper presents analytical and numerical thermal analysis for melting and consolidating impregnated composite tapes in the presence of a localized heat source. This analysis also leads to the prediction of the processing window for a given tape-laying configuration. Heat of melting/solidification is included in the form of a heat generation term. A separation of variables method is employed to solve the governing equations ana lytically. In the numerical analysis, the governing equations are discretized using a non uniform mesh and are solved using a finite difference approach. The processing parame ters, such as consolidation speed, heat intensity, heat source width, etc., as well as material properties are incorporated within the analysis. The results show large thermal gradients in the vicinity of the consolidation point. The error between the analytical solu tion and the numerical result is found to be 3 % for the maximum temperature, and the maximum error for the temperature over the entire domain is observed to be 7%. The effects of processing speed, heat intensity, and the width of the local heat source are inves tigated, and the overall optimization of the process is discussed.
Statistical nonstationarity of the composition of styrene with methyl methacrylate in the cooligomer (1972)

Abstract It was found that the composition of cooligomer produced in the styrene(A)–methyl methacrylate(B)–CCl 4 (S) system deviates from the statistical steady‐state composition predicted from the Mayo‐Lewis equation on the low molecular weight side when the molar ratio of [A]/[B] is large. When the molar ratio of [A]/[B] is small, however, it is not obvious whether or not this phenomenon is observed, because the cooligomer of low molecular weight cannot be obtained easily since the chain transfer constant of the poly(methyl methacrylate) radical to CCl 4 is very small in comparison, with that of the polystyryl radical. This behavior is shown to be attributable mainly to the preferential consumption of styrene monomer in the initiation step, based on the structure of the cooligomer, as inferred from the mechanism of the initiation, transfer, and termination, and the stochastic approach in which the cooligomerization process is regarded as a Markov process.
Compositional dependence of the direct and indirect band gaps in $\text{Ge}_{1-y}\text{Sn}_{y}$ alloys from room temperature photoluminescence (2014)

The compositional dependence of the lowest direct and indirect band gaps in $\text{Ge}_{1-y}\text{Sn}_{y}$ has been determined from room-temperature photoluminescence measurements. This technique is particularly attractive for a comparison of the two transitions because distinct features in the spectra can be associated with the direct and indirect gaps. However, detailed modeling of these room temperature spectra is required to extract the band gap values with the high accuracy required to determine the Sn concentration $y_{c}$ at which the alloy becomes a direct gap semiconductor. For the direct gap, this is accomplished using a microscopic model that allows the determination of direct gap energies with meV accuracy. For the indirect gap, it is shown that current theoretical models are inadequate to describe the emission properties of systems with close indirect and direct transitions. Accordingly, an ad hoc procedure is used to extract the indirect gap energies from the data. For $y$ &lt; 0.1 the resulting direct gap compositional dependence is given by $ΔE_{0} = -(3.57 \pm 0.06)y$ (in eV). For the indirect gap, the corresponding expression is $ΔE_{\text{ind}} = -(1.64\pm 0.10)y$ (in eV). If a quadratic function of composition is used to express the two transition energies over the entire compositional range $0 \leq y \leq 1$, the quadratic (bowing) coefficients are found to be $b_{0} = 2.46 \pm 0.06$ eV (for $E_{0}$) and $b_{\text{ind}} = 0.99 \pm 0.11$ eV (for $E_{\text{ind}}$). These results imply a crossover concentration $y_{c} = 0.073_{-0.006}^{+0.007}$, much lower than early theoretical predictions based on the virtual crystal approximation, but in better agreement with predictions based on large atomic supercells.
Unsteady Effects of Blade Row Interaction on Flow Field and Aerodynamic Performance of a Transonic Centrifugal Compressor Impeller (2021)

Abstract This paper discusses the unsteady effects associated with the impeller/diffuser interaction on the internal flow field and aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal compressor. In centrifugal compressors with a vaned diffuser, the flow field is inherently unsteady due to the influence of interaction between the impeller and the diffuser, and the unsteadiness of the flow field can often have a great influence on the aerodynamic performance of the compressor. Especially in high-load compressors, it is considered that large unsteady effects are produced on the compressor performance with a strong flow unsteadiness. The unsteady effect on aerodynamic performance of the compressor has not been fully revealed yet, and sometimes the steady-state RANS simulation finds it difficult to predict the compressor performance. In this study, numerical simulations have been conducted for a transonic centrifugal compressor with a vaned diffuser. The unsteady effects were clarified by comparing the numerical results between a single-passage steady-state RANS analysis and a full-annulus unsteady RANS analysis. The comparison of simulation results showed the difference in entropy generation in the impeller. The impingement of diffuser shock wave with the impeller pressure surface brought about a cyclic increase in the blade loading near the impeller trailing edge. Accordingly, with increasing tip leakage flow rate, a second tip leakage vortex was newly generated in the aft part of the impeller, which resulted in additional unsteady loss generation inside the impeller.
Gabapentin Disrupts Binding of Perlecan to the α2δ1 Voltage Sensitive Calcium Channel Subunit and Impairs Skeletal Mechanosensation (2022)

Our understanding of how osteocytes, the principal mechanosensors within bone, sense and perceive force remains unclear. Previous work identified "tethering elements" (TEs) spanning the pericellular space of osteocytes and transmitting mechanical information into biochemical signals. While we identified the heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan (PLN) as a component of these TEs, PLN must attach to the cell surface to induce biochemical responses. As voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) are critical for bone mechanotransduction, we hypothesized that PLN binds the extracellular α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>1</sub> subunit of VSCCs to couple the bone matrix to the osteocyte membrane. Here, we showed co-localization of PLN and α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>1</sub> along osteocyte dendritic processes. Additionally, we quantified the molecular interactions between α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>1</sub> and PLN domains and demonstrated for the first time that α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>1</sub> strongly associates with PLN via its domain III. Furthermore, α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>1</sub> is the binding site for the commonly used pain drug, gabapentin (GBP), which is associated with adverse skeletal effects when used chronically. We found that GBP disrupts PLN::α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>1</sub> binding in vitro, and GBP treatment in vivo results in impaired bone mechanosensation. Our work identified a novel mechanosensory complex within osteocytes composed of PLN and α<sub>2</sub>δ<sub>1</sub>, necessary for bone force transmission and sensitive to the drug GBP.