gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Some aspects on flexographic ink-paper and paperboard coating interaction (2007)

Flexographic printing is a process that employs a flexible printing form and low viscous ink, often water-based. The flexible printing form is favourable for printing on rough surfaces, but the high surface tension of the ink may cause printability problems. This work has focused on the interaction between paper/paperboard coating and water-based flexographic ink, aimed at increasing the knowledge about the printing process in form of physical/chemical parameters that are important for ink setting. The effects of printing conditions on print quality, such as printing pressure and temperature, have also been in focus. The work has shown that fluids of different polarities, i.e. different dipole moments, behave differently when being absorbed by a coating layer. Due to their chemical compatibility to the coating layer, fluids with large dipole moment fill the pore matrix of the coating to a lesser extent but penetrate further into the coating than fluids with small dipole moments. On the other hand, polarity of the coating layer also affects the print. When printing on coatings with different polarities, higher print densities was obtained on the more polar substrates. As a tentative explanation, it is proposed that the ink builds different layer structures during drying depending on the coating polarity. Print gloss is related to the ink setting which, in turn, is affected by the solvent retaining capacity of the ink. Large water holding capacity allows the ink components to smoothen out before the structure is set, resulting in a higher print gloss. The rheology of inks is affected by temperature; at a higher temperature the viscosity is reduced. The reduction in ink viscosity at higher temperature has been shown to affect the print quality, e.g., print density and dot gain. It is suggested that a thicker layer is immobilised during impression due to the lower viscosity and that it is an explanation of the higher print density at a higher printing temperature. The influence of impression pressure on dot gain has been experimentally evaluated and mathematically modelled with good agreement. The dot gain is shown to respond non-linearly to the applied printing pressure. Studies based on pilot coated and printed paperboards is also reported, and it is shown that the print quality, e.g. print density, print gloss and dot gain, is largely dependent on the type of ink chosen and on the coating characteristics. Higher clay content in the coating resulted in increased dot gain and a decreased mottling.
ChemInform Abstract: Determination of the Absolute Configuration of Six‐Membered‐Ring Ketones by 13C NMR. (1987)

Abstract From NMR data for acetals such as (I) or (II) an empirical rule is deduced which allows the assignment of the absolute configuration of six‐membered ketones having a chair form as preferred conformation in the acetal.
AIR 1871–Engine Monitoring Systems Lessons Learned (1984)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Aerospace Information Report (AIR) 1871 has been prepared by the SAE E-32 Committee on Aircraft Gas Turbine Engine Monitoring., The purpose of the AIR was to document some of the valuable lessons learned from developmental and operational gas turbine engine monitoring systems. This technical paper discusses the activity of the Lessons Learned Sub-Committee and provides an overview of AIR 1871.&lt;/div&gt;
Data‐mining methods predict chlorine residuals in premise plumbing using low‐cost sensors (2021)

Abstract Variable water quality within buildings is of increasing concern due to public health impacts (e.g., lead, Legionella pneumophila , Naegleria fowleri , disinfection byproducts). Advances in data acquisition and analytics provide the opportunity to monitor real‐time building‐wide water quality variability. Accordingly, the goal of this research was to create a water quality sensor platform including data acquisition, storage, and mining methods able to monitor, and ultimately improve, water quality within buildings. The platform was used to monitor water temperature, pH, conductivity, oxidation–reduction potential, dissolved oxygen, and chlorine using sensors only. Other building data infrastructure, specifically Wi‐Fi logins by occupants, were used to approximate activity rates and associated water use. An advanced machine‐learning technique, gradient boosting machines, predicted the chlorine residuals throughout the building plumbing network better than multivariate linear regression models. Finally, the implications of water quality monitoring on costs, scalability, reliability, human dimensions, regulatory compliance, and future green building designs are considered.
Responses of a battery of macroinvertebrate bioassays for the hazard assessment of sediments: Approach integrating the natural variability of the organisms life-traits (2011)

Studying sediments is essential for evaluating the ecological integrity of aquatic ecosystems. However the biogeochemical complexity of this compartment involves real difficulties for sediments risk assessment. The biological diversity has to be considered using a battery of organisms. Furthermore, the role of sediments geochemical properties is often underestimated in mediating organisms responses when exposed to contaminants (e.g., organic matter ; particles size). Despite the existence of standardized toxicity bioassays, none is taking into account the natural variability of sediments geochemical properties and its impact on organisms life-traits responses. To address this gap, a battery of biotests using three phylogenetically different macroinvertebrates (C. riparius; P. antipodarum; G. fossarum) has been developed (DIESE project) following two steps: \n- The first part consisted in determining the intrinsic variability of life-traits in each species in controlled conditions. We exposed the above organisms to natural, low contaminated sediments covering a wide range of geochemical characteristics (C/N, particles size), then measured the response of selected endpoints (e.g., growth, reproduction). \n- The second part consisted in the exposure of the organisms to sediments selected to cover a wide range of contamination typologies (e.g., high metal contents; impacted with WWTP effluents). Results have been compared to the range of responses previously obtained. \nThis step by step approach emphasizes the importance of taking into account the natural variability in organisms life-traits responses when exposed to references sediments. This work allowed to evaluate the capacity of the proposed battery to discriminate significant anthropogenic effects from the natural variability of responses.
Separation and Concentration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus in a Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis System (2022)

Struvite crystallization is a successful technique for simultaneously recovering PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> from wastewater. However, recovering PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> from low-concentration solutions is challenging. In this study, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> were separated and concentrated from wastewater using bipolar membrane electrodialysis, PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> can then be recovered as struvite. The separation and concentration of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> are clearly impacted by current density, according to experimental findings. The extent of separation and migration rate increased with increasing current density. The chemical oxygen demand of the feedwater has no discernible impact on the separation and recovery of ions. The migration of PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup>, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> fits zero-order migration kinetics. The concentrated concentration of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> and PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3-</sup> reached 805 mg/L and 339 mg/L, respectively, which demonstrates that BMED is capable of effectively concentrating and separating PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>. Therefore, BMED can be considered as a pretreatment method for recovering PO<sub>4</sub><sup>3</sup><sup>-</sup> and NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> in the form of struvite from wastewater.
The effect of adhesive modulus on the performance of SMC lap shear joints (1993)

This study examines the effect of Young's modulus of an adhesive on its performance in a single overlap specimen when the adherend is a sheet molding compound (SMC). A series of adhesives with various moduli were fabricated from an epoxy resin/flexibilizer/taic/curative combination with moduli between 21 MPa and 6.89 GPa. The strength at break increased by 50% from around 2.41 MPa to 3.79 MPa when the adhesive's modulus was reduced from 6.89 GPa to 21 MPa. Joint failure was predominantly catastrophic failure in the SMC. Finite element analysis (FEA) for a model lap shear joint produced similar results. The analysis showed that the principal stress in the SMC, at the interface, was substantially reduced when the modulus of the adhesive was much lower than the SMC's modulus. Based on experimental results and FEA, the Young's modulus of the adhesive should be approximately 400 times smaller than the modulus of the SMC when the thicknesses of the SMC and adhesive are 2.54 mm and 760 μm, respectively. Consequently, the load needed to initiate failure in the SMC was increased. These results illustrate the importance of optimizing the material properties of the adhesive to achieve higher performance.
Hidden Cliques as Cryptographic Keys (1996)

We demonstrate in this paper a very simple method for "hiding" large cliques in random graphs. While the largest clique in a random graph is very likely to be of size about 2log2&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt;, it is widely conjectured that no polynomial-time algorithm exists which finds a clique of size (1 + epsilon)log2&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; with significant probability for any constant epsilon &gt; 0. We show that if this conjecture is true, then when a clique of size at most (2 - delta)log2&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; for constant delta &gt; 0 is randomly inserted ("hidden") in a random graph, finding a clique of size (1 + epsilon)log2&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; remains hard. In particular, we show that if there exists a polynomial-time algorithm which finds cliques of size (1 + epsilon)log2&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; in such graphs with probability 1/poly, then the same algorithm will find cliques in completely random graphs with probability 1/poly. Given the conjectured hardness of finding large cliques in random graphs, we therefore show that hidden cliques may be used as cryptographic keys
Photoluminescence Behaviors of Orange-Light-Emitting InGaN-Based Nanocolumns Exhibiting High Internal Quantum Efficiency (17–22%) (2013)

We fabricated ordered GaN nanocolumns (NCs) with InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells (MQWs) that emitted light at wavelengths of 590–600 nm by rf-plasma assisted molecular beam epitaxy. The NCs exhibited sharp emission with a full width at half maximum of 44–45 nm, and the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) was evaluated to be 17 to 22% by investigating the temperature dependence of the photoluminescence of the NCs. Although the accuracy of the IQE value is still debatable, we claim that the NCs exhibited an IQE that compared favorably with that of green-emitting film InGaN MQWs grown by metal–organic chemical vapor deposition.
Direct Electrolytic Deposition of Mats of Mn(x)O(y) Nanowires (2004)

Mats of free-standing manganese oxide (MnxOy) nanowires have been fabricated as experimental electrode materials for rechargeable electrochemical power cells and capacitors. Because they are free-standing, the wires in these mats are electrochemically accessible. The advantage of the mat-of-nanowires configuration, relative to other configurations of electrode materials, arises from the combination of narrowness and high areal number density of the wires. This combination offers both high surface areas for contact with electrolytes and short paths for diffusion of ions into and out of the electrodes, thereby making it possible to charge and discharge at rates higher than would otherwise be possible and, consequently, to achieve greater power densities. The nanowires are fabricated in an electrolytic process in which there is no need for an electrode binder material. Moreover, there is no need to incorporate an electrically conductive additive into the electrode material; the only electrically conductive material that must be added is a thin substrate contact film at the anchored ends of the nanowires. Hence, the mass fraction of active electrode material is close to 100 percent, as compared with about 85 percent in conventional electrodes made from a slurry of active electrode material, binder, and conductive additive pressed onto a metal foil. The locations and sizes of the nanowires are defined by holes in templates in the form of commercially available porous alumina membranes. In experiments to demonstrate the present process, alumina membranes of various pore sizes and degrees of porosity were used. First, a film of Au was sputtered onto one side of each membrane. The membranes were then attached, variously, to carbon tape or a gold substrate by use of silver or carbon paste. Once thus attached, the membranes were immersed in a plating solution comprising 0.01 M MnSO4 + 0.03 M (NH4)2SO4. The pH of the solution was kept constant at 8 by addition of H2SO4 or NH4OH as needed. Mn(x)O(y) nanowires were potentiostatically electrodeposited in the pores in the alumina templates. Depending on the anodic deposition potentials, Mn(x)O(y) was deposited in various oxidation states [divalent (Mn3O4), trivalent (Mn2O3), or tetravalent (MnO2)]. The Mn(x)O(y) wires were made free-standing (see figure) by dissolving the alumina templates, variously, in KOH or NaOH at a concentration of 20 volume percent.
PSS/E Based Subsynchronous Resonance Analysis Tool (2021)

There are several techniques employed for analyzing the subsynchronous resonance (SSR) phenomena. Among the most common are frequency scanning analysis, eigenvalue analysis and time-domain simulations. This paper presents the implementation of a frequency scanning program based on the PSS/E power system software package. The tool is developed on Python and makes use of the PSS/E API.
Effects of gas pressure on low‐pressure electron‐beam lithography (1997)

Abstract In electron‐beam (EB) lithography, it is common practice to prepare the resist for exposure using a metal over‐layer or an ion shower to eliminate the charging of the resist. Recent efforts to prototype micromechanical structures using EB lithography methods have avoided the need for resist preparation by using low‐pressure EB lithography methods. While a great deal of research has centered around high‐vacuum electron‐beam (EB) lithography, little research has been conducted concerning the effect of gas chamber pressure on linewidth in low‐pressure EB lithography. In this paper, experimental data are presented linking the gas pressure in low‐pressure EB lithography with lithography line profiles. The results show that as gas pressure is varied, a compromise exists between line broadening and the charging‐up effect.
Protection of battery electrodes against side reactions (2023)

A battery electrode composition is provided that comprises composite particles. Each of the composite particles in the composition (which may represent all or a portion of a larger composition) may comprise a porous electrode particle and a filler material. The porous electrode particle may comprise active material provided to store and release ions during battery operation. The filler material may occupy at least a portion of the pores of the electrode particle. The filler material may comprise a solid and is not substantially conductive with respect to electron transport.
Comparisons of Scalar and Tensor Circularly-Polarized Holographic Artificial Impedance Surfaces (2022)

In principle, both scalar and tensor holographic artificial impedance surfaces (HAISs) can generate circularly-polarized waves. It is found, however, the previously-reported works on circularly-polarized holographic antennas are based on tensor impedance surfaces. This paper studies the generations of circularly-polarized waves by using scalar and tensor HAISs, and compare their performance in terms of design complexity, impedance bandwidth, 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, realized gains, etc. The mechanisms of producing circularly-polarized waves using scalar and tensor HAISs are first formulated and presented. Two right-hand circularly-polarized holographic antennas are then implemented with the scalar and tensor HAISs, respectively, and simulated. The simulations conclude that the tensor HAIS indeed outperforms the scalar HAIS in generation of circularly-polarized waves. In particular, the peak gain of the tensor HAIS is much higher than that of the scalar HAIS. The conclusions obtained in this paper give a clear answer on designing circularly-polarized HAISs with good performance.
Data from Genomic and Epigenomic Integration Identifies a Prognostic Signature in Colon Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; The importance of genetic and epigenetic alterations maybe in their aggregate role in altering core pathways in tumorigenesis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Merging genome-wide genomic and epigenomic alterations, we identify key genes and pathways altered in colorectal cancers (CRC). DNA methylation analysis was tested for predicting survival in CRC patients using Cox proportional hazard model.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We identified 29 low frequency-mutated genes that are also inactivated by epigenetic mechanisms in CRC. Pathway analysis showed the extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling pathway is silenced in CRC. Six ECM pathway genes were tested for their prognostic potential in large CRC cohorts (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 777). DNA methylation of &lt;i&gt;IGFBP3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;EVL&lt;/i&gt; predicted for poor survival (&lt;i&gt;IGFBP3&lt;/i&gt;: HR = 2.58, 95% CI: 1.37–4.87, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.004; &lt;i&gt;EVL&lt;/i&gt;: HR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.07–5.74, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.034) and simultaneous methylation of multiple genes predicted significantly worse survival (HR = 8.61, 95% CI: 2.16–34.36, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001 for methylation of &lt;i&gt;IGFBP3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;EVL&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;CD109&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;FLNC&lt;/i&gt;). DNA methylation of &lt;i&gt;IGFBP3&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;EVL&lt;/i&gt; was validated as a prognostic marker in an independent contemporary-matched cohort (&lt;i&gt;IGFBP3&lt;/i&gt; HR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.04–4.09, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.038; &lt;i&gt;EVL&lt;/i&gt; HR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.00–5.0, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.05) and &lt;i&gt;EVL&lt;/i&gt; DNA methylation remained significant in a secondary historical validation cohort (HR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.05–1.89, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.022). Moreover, DNA methylation of selected ECM genes helps to stratify the high-risk stage 2 colon cancers patients who would benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (HR: 5.85, 95% CI: 2.03–16.83, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.001 for simultaneous methylation of &lt;i&gt;IGFBP3, EVL&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;CD109&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; CRC that have silenced genes in ECM pathway components show worse survival suggesting that our finding provides novel prognostic biomarkers for CRC and reflects the high importance of integrative analyses linking genetic and epigenetic abnormalities with pathway disruption in cancer. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 17(6); 1535–45. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Temperature and Time Dependence of Copolymer Mixtures on Interfacial Adhesion at PS/PMMA Interfaces (2001)

Abstract The effect of copolymer mixtures on the interfacial adhesion between slabs of PS and PMMA was investigated as a function of composition, time and temperature using the asymmetric double cantilever beam (ADCB) method. The nature of the interface was further probed using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and dynamic secondary ion mass spectroscopy (D-SIMS). The results show that mixtures of graft and block copolymers are much more effective than pure block copolymers in enhancing the interfacial adhesion. The most effective mixture consisted of a block copolymer of molecular weight 70K and a copolymer with two PS grafts of molecular weight 30K. This mixture yielded an interfacial fracture toughness of Gc = 127.5 J/m2 as compared with Gc = 38.2 J/m2 and Gc = 3.5 J/m2 for the pure block and graft copolymer, respectively. Gc at the PS/PMMA interface reinforced only with block copolymer was maximal after an annealing temperature of 150°C for 1 hr. It decreased by an order of magnitude when the temperature was increased to 180°C or the joining time was increased from 1 to 10 hours. Gc at the interface reinforced with a graft/diblock copolymer mixture was also maximum at an annealing temperature of 150°C but it decreased only by a factor of 2 with increasing joining time or temperature. Dynamic Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (DSIMS) data show that this effect may be due to decrease in the diffusion of the copolymer from the interface when the mixture is present, i.e, the diblock copolymer is trapped within the graft copolymer.
Effect of Zeolite-Y Modification on Crude-Oil Direct Hydrocracking (2021)

To study the role of modified zeolite-Y-based hydrocracking catalyst in crude-oil hydroconversion, various hydrocracking catalysts were synthesized with various zeolites. The zeolites and catalysts were characterized with nitrogen adsorption (N<sub>2</sub>-adsorption), small-angle X-ray scattering, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), wavelength-dispersive X-ray fluorescence, and the ammonia temperature-programmed desorption (NH<sub>3</sub>-TPD). Their reaction performance was evaluated with crude oil under commercial hydrocracker operating conditions in a pilot plant unit. The results showed that the catalysts with high acidity, strong acid sites, and mesopores can enhance the crude conversion. The acidity and mesoporosity of the zeolite and the catalysts play critical roles in determining the catalyst performance.
Expanding the Chemical Versatility of Colloidal Nanocrystals Capped with Molecular Metal Chalcogenide Ligands (2010)

We developed different strategies toward the synthesis of colloidal nanocrystals stabilized with molecular metal chalcogenide complexes (MCCs). Negatively charged MCCs, such as SnS(4)(4-), Sn(2)S(6)(4-), SnTe(4)(4-), AsS(3)(3-), MoS(4)(2-), can quantitatively replace the organic ligands at the nanocrystal surface and stabilize nanocrystal solutions in different polar media. We showed that all-inorganic nanocrystals composed of metals, semiconductors, or magnetic materials and capped with various MCC ligands can be synthesized using convenient and inexpensive chemicals and environmentally benign solvents such as water, formamide, or dimethylsulfoxide. The development of mild synthetic routes was found to be crucial for the design of highly luminescent all-inorganic nanocrystals, such as CdSe/ZnS and PbS capped with Sn(2)S(6)(4-) MCCs, respectively. We also prepared conductive and luminescent layer-by-layer assemblies from inorganically capped colloidal nanocrystals and polyelectrolytes. In close-packed films of 5-nm Au nanocrystals stabilized with Na(2)Sn(2)S(6) we observed very high electrical conductivities (>1000 S cm(-1)).