gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate Joint Geometric Camera Calibration of Visible and Far-Infrared Cameras (2017)

This paper presents a novel joint geometric camera calibration system using a novel calibration target for a visible and a far-infrared (FIR) cameras. By using the proposed calibration target which is the two-layer structure with different combinations of thermal emission, we can stably and precisely obtain the corresponding points of the checker pattern in the calibration target from the visible and the FIR images. The simple calibration algorithm based on the well-known Zhang's algorithm can accurately estimate the camera parameters, because we can use many useful tools which contribute the accuracy. Experimental results show that the proposed calibration system enables us to easily calibrate the visible and the FIR image with high accuracy compared with an existing system. Furthermore, the proposed system can lead to develop various applications including joint image denoising, and joint image up-sampling.
On-Line Synchronous Generator's Parameters Identification with Dynamic PMU Data (2012)

Parameters identification for synchronous generator is one of a significant means to ensure the accuracy of power system stability analysis. This paper decouples the synchronous generator from the corresponding excitation controller and related power network by using the measured data from PMU. Subsequently, the parameters identification for synchronous generator with PMU data is formulated as an optimization problem of dynamic input-output system. Finally, the hybrid algorithm which is based on the combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) and gradient-based searching is proposed to obtain the solution. The simulation results of the BPA fifth-order model of synchronous generator show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
MINFLUX dissects the unimpeded walking of kinesin-1 (2023)

We introduce an interferometric MINFLUX microscope that records protein movements with up to 1.7 nanometer per millisecond spatiotemporal precision. Such precision has previously required attaching disproportionately large beads to the protein, but MINFLUX requires the detection of only about 20 photons from an approximately 1-nanometer-sized fluorophore. Therefore, we were able to study the stepping of the motor protein kinesin-1 on microtubules at up to physiological adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP) concentrations. We uncovered rotations of the stalk and the heads of load-free kinesin during stepping and showed that ATP is taken up with a single head bound to the microtubule and that ATP hydrolysis occurs when both heads are bound. Our results show that MINFLUX quantifies (sub)millisecond conformational changes of proteins with minimal disturbance.
A signal-dependent time-frequency representation: optimal kernel design (1993)

A new time-frequency distribution (TFD) that adapts to each signal and so offers a good performance for a large class of signals is introduced. The design of the signal-dependent TFD is formulated in Cohen's class as an optimization problem and results in a special linear program. Given a signal to be analyzed, the solution to the linear program yields the optimal kernel and, hence, the optimal time-frequency mapping for that signal. A fast algorithm has been developed for solving the linear program, allowing the computation of the signal-dependent TFD with a time complexity on the same order as a fixed-kernel distribution. Besides this computational efficiency, an attractive feature of the optimization-based approach is the ease with which the formulation can be customized to incorporate application-specific knowledge into the design process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Temporary treatment cessation versus continuation of first-line tyrosine kinase inhibitor in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (STAR): an open-label, non-inferiority, randomised, controlled, phase 2/3 trial (2023)

UK National Institute for Health and Care Research.
Intra-nigra infusion of AMPA attenuates dopamine-dependent rotation in the rat. (1993)

It has previously been shown that glutamatergic overactivity of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) is involved in hypokinetic movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease. Conversely, it has been hypothesized that hyperkinetic behavioral syndromes may be associated with reduced glutamatergic transmission of the STN to its target areas, the substantial nigra pars reticulata (SNR) and the globus pallidus pars interna (GPI). In the present experiment, apomorphine injected systemically into unilaterally dopamine-denervated rats induced the hyperkinetic syndrome of contralateral rotation. The involvement of glutamatergic input to the SNR in this hyperkinesia was investigated by pharmacological manipulation with an agonist or an antagonist at the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors. Either the agonist AMPA or the antagonist CNQX was infused directly into the SNR at a dose of 1.0 nmol. Intra-SNR AMPA attenuated the contralateral rotation induced by apomorphine without eliciting any effects on rotation by itself. Infusions of the antagonist CNQX did not affect either apomorphine-induced or spontaneous rotation. These results support the notion that underactivity of the SNR and its glutamatergic afferent projection from the STN may underlie hyperkinetic movement disorders and that local stimulation of the AMPA subtype of glutamate receptors can ameliorate such syndromes.
Sweet taste of heavy water (2021)

Hydrogen to deuterium isotopic substitution has only a minor effect on physical and chemical properties of water and, as such, is not supposed to influence its neutral taste. Here we conclusively demonstrate that humans are, nevertheless, able to distinguish D<sub>2</sub>O from H<sub>2</sub>O by taste. Indeed, highly purified heavy water has a distinctly sweeter taste than same-purity normal water and can add to perceived sweetness of sweeteners. In contrast, mice do not prefer D<sub>2</sub>O over H<sub>2</sub>O, indicating that they are not likely to perceive heavy water as sweet. HEK 293T cells transfected with the TAS1R2/TAS1R3 heterodimer and chimeric G-proteins are activated by D<sub>2</sub>O but not by H<sub>2</sub>O. Lactisole, which is a known sweetness inhibitor acting via the TAS1R3 monomer of the TAS1R2/TAS1R3, suppresses the sweetness of D<sub>2</sub>O in human sensory tests, as well as the calcium release elicited by D<sub>2</sub>O in sweet taste receptor-expressing cells. The present multifaceted experimental study, complemented by homology modelling and molecular dynamics simulations, resolves a long-standing controversy about the taste of heavy water, shows that its sweet taste is mediated by the human TAS1R2/TAS1R3 taste receptor, and opens way to future studies of the detailed mechanism of action.
Low Dark Current and High Responsivity 1020nm InGaAs/GaAs Nano-Ridge Waveguide Photodetector Monolithically Integrated on a 300-mm Si Wafer (2021)

We report on high-quality InGaAs/GaAs multi-quantum well waveguide photodetectors, monolithically integrated through metalorganic vapor-phase selective-area epitaxial growth and contact metallization in a 300-mm CMOS pilot line. The photodetectors are implemented using the nano-ridge engineering concept, leveraging aspect-ratio trapping in combination with precise control of the nano-ridge cross section dimensions and composition. The InGaAs/GaAs p-i-n nano-ridge photodetectors are shown to achieve high internal responsivities of up to 0.65 A/W at -1 V bias and 1020 nm wavelength. A clear correlation is observed between measured responsivity and contact-plug design, correlating well with simulation models. In addition, a record-low dark current density of 1.98 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and low absolute dark currents of <; 1 pA are demonstrated, illustrating the high quality of the III-V materials and effective in-situ InGaP surface passivation layers. Initial RF measurements suggest RC-limited photodetection bandwidths in the GHz range. These results illustrate the strong potential of the III-V/Si nano-ridge epitaxy and waveguide device concept, to complement the Silicon Photonics toolbox with high-quality, high-throughput III-V functionality.
Multiple pulse magnetized electron beam injection in deuterium gas (2018)

Results of experiments on injection of a sequence of several electron beam pulses (80–90 keV, 20–75 A, ∼30 μs) into 1019–1021 m−3 deuterium plasma are presented. The first beam pulse was injected into deuterium gas, the following pulses propagated through residual plasma that survived the inter-pulse periods. A typical pulse duration was of the order of 106 ωp−1 that is much longer than most of the interaction-related processes. However, we noticed significant differences in plasma processes between the first pulse and the rest ones. A suggested physical factor behind those differences is longitudinal plasma current that develops during the first beam pulse.
Covalency Criterion for Localized vs Collective Electrons in Oxides with the Perovskite Structure (1966)

In many oxides the outer d electrons are not localized, magnetic electrons but collective, metallic electrons either as a result of cation-sublattice band formation or of covalent mixing of anion p and cationic d states. It is shown that cation-sublattice band formation does not take place in oxides with ReO3 or perovskite structure and that they are therefore suitable for testing any covalency criterion for the magnetic vs metallic state. A parametric criterion is developed from physical arguments, and it is used to interpret systematically the magnetic and electric properties of oxides with the perovskite structure. The role of the Hartree—Fock intra-atomic exchange correlations is found to be important, and the physical origin of the ferroelectric transitions is identified.
200 mm wafer-scale integration of sub-20 nm sacrificial nanofluidic channels for manipulating and imaging single DNA molecules (2013)

We report sub-20 nm sacrificial nanochannels that enable stretching and translocating single DNA molecules. Sacrificial silicon nano-structures were etched with XeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> to form nanochannels. Translocations of linearized DNA single molecules were imaged by fluorescence microscopy. Our method offers a manufacturable wafer-scale approach for CMOS-compatible bio-chip platform.
Prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in Type 2 diabetes in developing and developed countries (2013)

Significant gaps exist in that reliable population-based data from developing nations and indigenous populations in particular are lacking. Major differences in study characteristics and methodologies make comparisons very difficult. More research is required and study methodologies must be better standardized. This will provide important information for prevention and treatment strategies.
Nanoscale etching of GaAs surfaces in electrolytic solutions by hole injection from a scanning tunneling microscope tip (1997)

Controllable etching of GaAs(100) has been electrochemically achieved on a nanometer scale by using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) in acidic solutions (pH=2–3). The realized features on n-GaAs(100) surface were as small as 10 nm. We studied the dependence of the etching rate on the potentials applied to the STM tip as well as the GaAs substrate. These results indicate that the hole injection from the tip is responsible for the local etching of GaAs surfaces in electrolytes rather than local charges induced by an electric field.
The chemistry of macrocyclic bis(bibenzyls) (1995)

G. M. Keserű and M. Nógrádi, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1995, 12, 69 DOI: 10.1039/NP9951200069
Image Artifact Management for Clinical Magnetic Resonance Imaging on a 7 T Scanner Using Single-Channel Radiofrequency Transmit Mode (2019)

Challenges relating to severe image artifacts at 7 T using single-channel radiofrequency transmit functionality in the knee and brain were overcome using the approaches described in this article. The resultant high diagnostic image quality paves the way for incorporation of this technology into the routine clinical workflow. Further developmental efforts are required to expand the range of applications to other anatomical areas, and to expand the evidence- and knowledge-base relating to the safety of scanning patients with implanted metallic devices.
Fast relaxation and elasticity-related properties of trehalose-glycerol mixtures (2012)

Molecular dynamics simulations are used to investigate basic fast relaxation properties and thermo-physical properties of trehalose-glycerol mixtures over a wide composition range and for a temperature range from above to below the glass transition temperature, Tg. An important aspect of the present work is that we employ a revised force field that yields glycerol densities that agree much better with experiment than those formerly used in models of these mixtures. This optimized molecular model provides a platform for more refined simulation studies of this class of protein drug preservative matrix materials. For temperatures below Tg, the inverse of the Debye–Waller factor, <u2>−1, exhibits a maximum near a 30% relative glycerol mass concentration. This local ‘stiffening’ effect, in conjunction with a reduction of Tg by glycerol, indicates that glycerol is an antiplastizer of trehalose at intermediate concentrations, a finding consistent with dielectric measurements on trehalose-glycerol mixtures in which moisture has been carefully excluded from the samples. We also find that the shear modulus of these materials C11 increases progressively with glycerol concentration. The Boson peak, which provides one of the most experimentally accessible fast dynamics properties of glass-forming liquids, is also calculated for trehalose-glycerol glasses as a function of glycerol concentration. The change in the Boson peak intensity with glycerol concentration is found to be consistent with a reduction of fragility of glass formation with the addition of glycerol, an effect that previous simulation studies of coarse grain models have linked to antiplasticization. We also find general agreement with a recently proposed relation between the fast beta relaxation time τβ and the local amplitude of atomic motion on picosecond timescales, <u2>. The implications of our simulations and their interpretation in terms of physics of glass formation are briefly discussed in the context of protein stabilization.
Angiotensin-(1-7) attenuated long-term hypoxia-stimulated cardiomyocyte apoptosis by inhibiting HIF-1α nuclear translocation via Mas receptor regulation (2016)

Extreme hypoxia often leads to myocardial apoptosis and causes heart failure. Angiotensin-(1-7)Ang-(1-7) is well known for its cardio-protective effects. However, the effects of Ang-(1-7) on long-term hypoxia (LTH)-induced apoptosis remain unknown. In this study, we found that Ang-(1-7) reduced myocardial apoptosis caused by hypoxia through the Mas receptor. Activation of the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis down-regulated the hypoxia pro-apoptotic signaling cascade by decreasing the protein levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3). Moreover, the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis further inhibited HIF-1α nuclear translocation. On the other hand, Ang-(1-7) activated the IGF1R/PI3K/Akt signaling pathways, which mediate cell survival. However, the above effects were abolished by A779 treatment or silencing of Mas expression. Taken together, our findings indicate that the Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis protects cardiomyocytes from LTH-stimulated apoptosis. The protective effect of Ang-(1-7) is associated with the inhibition of HIF-1α nuclear translocation and the induction of IGF1R and Akt phosphorylation.
Heterogeneous partial feedback design in heterogeneous OFDMA cellular networks (2012)

Modern heterogeneous networks have an inherent heterogeneous structure such as user densities and large scale channel effects that motivates this work on heterogeneous partial feedback design. In this paper, we address the partial feedback design issue in an OFDMA-based macro-pico cellular system employing the best-M partial feedback strategy. We consider the scenario with one picocell inside a macrocell, and investigate a scheduling policy which tracks the small scale channel effects in order to guarantee fairness among users as well as exploiting the multiuser diversity. We derive a closed form expression for the average spectral efficiency of the network with best-M partial feedback for the identified representative scenarios. We carry out asymptotic analysis using extreme value theory to derive an approximation to the average spectral efficiency in order to determine the minimum required partial feedback with minimal loss in system performance.
Atypická manifestace těžké vrozené imunodeficience (2011)

Prezentujeme kazuistiky dvou pacientek s těžkou vrozenou imunodeficienci, u kterých se onemocněni primarně manifestovalo zavažnými 
kožnimi změnami a meně typickými přiznaky, jako jsou trombocytopenie a leukocytoza.
Knowledge Aided Adaptive Localization via Global Fusion Profile (2017)

Indoor localization is becoming critical to empower Internet of Things for various applications, such as asset tracking, geolocation, and smart cities. Wi-Fi-based indoor localization using received signal strength (RSS) has drawn much attention over the past decade because it does not require extra infrastructure and specialized hardware. It is well known that the localization accuracy using RSS is rather susceptible to the changing environment. Localization by fusing multiple fingerprint functions of RSS is a promising strategy to overcome the above drawback. However, the existing fusion techniques cannot make full use of the intrinsic complementarity among multiple fingerprint functions. It also fails to exploit the knowledge obtained in the offline phase and thus shows low accuracy in the complex environment. This paper proposes a knowledge aided adaptive localization (KAAL) approach by using a global fusion profile (GFP) to mitigate the above shortcomings. First, we propose a GFP construction algorithm by minimizing position errors over all fingerprint functions with weight constraints in the offline phase. Based on the knowledge from GFP and the trained multiple fingerprint models, we then derive two KAAL algorithms, namely, multiple function averaging and optimal function selection, to achieve highly accurate localization results. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed localization approach is superior to the existing methods both in simulated and real environments.
Microscopic Manipulation of Ferroelectric Domains in SnSe Monolayers at Room Temperature (2020)

Two-dimensional (2D) van der Waals ferroelectrics provide an unprecedented architectural freedom for the creation of artificial multiferroics and nonvolatile electronic devices based on vertical and coplanar heterojunctions of 2D ferroic materials. Nevertheless, controlled microscopic manipulation of ferroelectric domains is still rare in monolayer-thick 2D ferroelectrics with in-plane polarization. Here we report the discovery of robust ferroelectricity with a critical temperature close to 400 K in SnSe monolayer plates grown on graphene and the demonstration of controlled room-temperature ferroelectric domain manipulation by applying appropriate bias voltage pulses to the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This study shows that STM is a powerful tool for detecting and manipulating the microscopic domain structures in 2D ferroelectric monolayers, which are difficult for conventional approaches such as piezoresponse force microscopy, thus facilitating the hunt for other 2D ferroelectric monolayers with in-plane polarization with important technological applications.
Write-once diode/antifuse memory element with a sol-gel silica antifuse cured at low temperature (2004)

A write-once programmable memory element is based on a spin-coated sol-gel silica antifuse layer cured at 100/spl deg/C. This antifuse is integrated with a thin-film silicon diode deposited at 160/spl deg/C by hot-wire chemical vapor deposition. When a 3 to 5 V electrical pulse is applied across a diode/antifuse element, the silica breaks down suddenly and the current passing through the element increases irreversibly by more than about 10/sup 4/. The on-state exhibits a diode-like current-voltage characteristic with a forward-reverse asymmetry of nearly 100 at 1 V and is stable if there was hexamethyldisilazane treatment of the wet-gel film before curing.
The Chitranjan Ranawat Award: Should Prophylactic Antibiotics Be Withheld Before Revision Surgery to Obtain Appropriate Cultures? (2013)

In this randomized controlled trial, there was no effect on the results of cultures obtained intraoperatively when prophylactic antibiotics were administered before skin incision. Given the known benefits of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing PJI, preoperative prophylaxis should not be withheld in revision surgery for fear of affecting cultures.
Learning to Point and Count (2015)

This paper proposes the problem of point-and-count as a test case to break the what-and-where deadlock. Different from the traditional detection problem, the goal is to discover key salient points as a way to localize and count the number of objects simultaneously. We propose two alternatives, one that counts first and then point, and another that works the other way around. Fundamentally, they pivot around whether we solve "what" or "where" first. We evaluate their performance on dataset that contains multiple instances of the same class, demonstrating the potentials and their synergies. The experiences derive a few important insights that explains why this is a much harder problem than classification, including strong data bias and the inability to deal with object scales robustly in state-of-art convolutional neural networks.
Pulse-repetition-frequency-variable mode-locked fiber laser (2009)

In this scheme, mode-locking operation was achieved under appropriate conditions. Using a fiber laser, it is easy to construct multiple laser cavities using fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) for different wavelengths with a specific cavity length coaxially. Therefore, the PRF of the mode-lock pulse train can be changed by varying the acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) diffraction wavelength in the fiber laser. The laser diode pump power was 100 mW. Changing the RF frequency applied to the AOTF varied the output power and the wavelength. The wavelength was locked by the reflection spectrum of each FBG, while the broad diffraction bandwidth of the AOTF allowed laser emission other than the RF frequency of the diffraction peak of each FBG. We confirmed the possibility of applying a PRF-variable mode-lock laser with an AOTF to fiber lasers. The output power can be easily increased by constructing a master-oscillator power-amplifier.
Highly Regioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Direct Arylation of Oxazole at C-2 or C-5 with Aryl Bromides, Chlorides, and Triflates (2010)

Complementary palladium-catalyzed methods for direct arylation of oxazole with high regioselectivity (>100:1) at both C-5 and C-2 have been developed for a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl bromides, chlorides, iodides, and triflates. C-5 arylation is preferred in polar solvents with phosphines 5 or 6, whereas C-2 arylation is preferred by nonpolar solvents and phosphine 3. This represents the first general method for C-5 selective arylation of oxazole and should see broad applicability in the synthesis of biologically active molecules. Additionally, potential mechanisms for these two competing arylation processes are proposed on the basis of mechanistic observations.