gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coating Development on Graphite-Based Composite Fuel for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (2015)

ORNL is currently recapturing graphite-based fuel forms for Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP). Previous work at ORNL focused on reviewing historic fuel technology developed during the ROVER/NERVA programs and performing coating development at the lab scale. The current effort focuses on transitioning the coating work from the lab scale to an intermediate length, and coating an element with a more prototypic geometry to include a hexagonal cross section and multiple internal channels. A new vertical multi-zone furnace capable of coating 16” length elements was installed and the ability to deposit a ZrC coating along the full length of the element demonstrated. A chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process was used to apply a ZrC coating where zirconium metal was chlorinated insitu forming ZrCl4 as the Zr precursor and CH4 was used for the carbon source. The coating and additional diluent gases were directed through the internal channels using custom fixtures. While processing conditions were not fully optimized, good progress was made in coating development. Between the information gained and new capabilities installed, an excellent foundation for further fuel development and eventual qualification has been put into place.
Practical high-dimensional quantum key distribution with decoy states (2015)

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (HD-QKD) allows two parties to generate multiple secure bits of information per detected photon. In this work, we show that decoy-state protocols can be practically implemented for HD-QKD using only one or two decoy states. HD-QKD with two decoy states, under realistic experimental constraints, can generate multiple secure bits per coincidence at distances over 200 km and at rates similar to those achieved by a protocol with infinite decoy states. Furthermore, HD-QKD with only one decoy state is practical at short distances, where it is almost as secure as a protocol with two decoy states. HD-QKD with only one or two decoy states can therefore be implemented to optimize the rate of secure quantum communications.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Freeform Optics (2014)

The use of freeform surfaces in optical system design has evolved from a largely theoretical concept into a fully fledged viable technology capable of solving previously intractable problems. The process of designing real systems with freeform optics, which are now commonly used in commercial optical systems, has been made possible through new developments in many areas, including the fundamental mathematics of shape description, advances in design methods, tolerancing techniques, and simulation tools. In particular, a major catalyst in opening this new practical solution space has been the availability of new manufacturing and testing methods.
High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Stem Cell Support Is Not Superior to Conventional-Dose Chemotherapy in the First-Line Treatment of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma - Results of a Comprehensive Meta-Analysis. (2004)

Abstract Background: High-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell support (HDT) has been proven effective in relapsed aggressive Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). However, conflicting results of HDT as part of first-line treatment have been reported in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Here, we report our updated meta-analysis to better define the role of HDT in these patients. Methods: RCTs were identified by computerized search and handsearching of conference proceedings. Data extraction and quality assessment was performed independently by two reviewers. First authors were contacted to request individual patient data. Eight investigators provided us with individual patient data, for five trials data were extracted from survival curves. The hazard ratio (HR) was used as a measure of treatment effect; the inverse variance method (fixed effect model) was used for pooling. The relative risk was determined for binary data. Results: 15 RCTs including 3079 patients were eligible for this meta-analysis. Overall treatment-related mortality was 6.0% in the HDT group and not significantly different compared to conventional chemotherapy (RR 1.33, p=0.59). Analysis of 13 studies including 2018 patients showed significantly higher CR rates in the group receiving HDT (RR 1.10, p=0.004). However, HDT did not have an effect on OS, when compared to conventional chemotherapy. The pooled HR was 1.04 (p=0.58). There was no statistical heterogeneity among the trials and sensitivity analyses underscored the robustness of these results. Subgroup analysis of prognostic groups according to IPI did not show any survival difference between HDT and controls in 12 trials (low and low-intermediate risk IPI: HR 1.41, high-intermediate and high risk IPI: HR 0.97). Event-free survival (EFS) also showed no significant difference between HDT and CT (HR 0.93, p=0.31). We incorporated several additional variables to possibly identify other risk factors such as the proportions of diffuse large cell lymphoma, protocol adherence, the HDT strategy used, response status of patients before HDT, the conditioning regimen used, and methodological issues. However, our analyses demonstrate that the results described here are not related on either of these factors. Conclusion: Despite higher CR rates, there is no benefit for HDT in patients with aggressive NHL when incorporated in first-line treatment.
Synthesis of .beta.-mannopyranosides by intramolecular aglycon delivery (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .beta.-mannopyranosides by intramolecular aglycon deliveryFrank Barresi and Ole HindsgaulCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 24, 9376–9377Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00024a057https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00024a057research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1290Altmetric-Citations270LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Real-Valued Parallel Clonal Selection Algorithm and Its Application to the Design Optimization of Multi-Layered Frequency Selective Surfaces (2012)

A parallelized real-valued clonal selection algorithm (CLONALG) is successfully implemented in this paper utilizing message passing interface (MPI) to reduce the computational burden of a large clone pool. CLONALG is one of the many branches of Artificial Immune System (AIS) algorithms with unique inherent properties that make it a very efficient optimization techniques for multimodal problems such as the ones commonly encountered in computational electromagnetic design. As a demonstration of its effectiveness, a numerical study is carried out with known benchmark functions along with the optimization of multi-layered frequency selective surface (FSS) filters in the X-band. Our results show that the CLONALG can consistently outperform a standard GA implementation particularly in multi-modal optimization problems.
Solution structure of the GUCT domain from human RNA helicase II/Guβ reveals the RRM fold, but implausible RNA interactions (2008)

Human RNA helicase II/Gu alpha (RH-II/Gu alpha) and RNA helicase II/Gu beta (RH-II/Gu beta) are paralogues that share the same domain structure, consisting of the DEAD box helicase domain (DEAD), the helicase conserved C-terminal domain (helicase_C), and the GUCT domain. The N-terminal regions of the RH-II/Gu proteins, including the DEAD domain and the helicase_C domain, unwind double-stranded RNAs. The C-terminal tail of RH-II/Gu alpha, which follows the GUCT domain, folds a single RNA strand, while that of RH-II/Gu beta does not, and the GUCT domain is not essential for either the RNA helicase or foldase activity. Thus, little is known about the GUCT domain. In this study, we have determined the solution structure of the RH-II/Gu beta GUCT domain. Structural calculations using NOE-based distance restraints and residual dipolar coupling-based angular restraints yielded a well-defined structure with beta-alpha-alpha-beta-beta-alpha-beta topology in the region for K585-A659, while the Pfam HMM algorithm defined the GUCT domain as G571-E666. This structure-based domain boundary revealed false positives in the sequence homologue search using the HMM definition. A structural homology search revealed that the GUCT domain has the RRM fold, which is typically found in RNA-interacting proteins. However, it lacks the surface-exposed aromatic residues and basic residues on the beta-sheet that are important for the RNA recognition in the canonical RRM domains. In addition, the overall surface of the GUCT domain is fairly acidic, and thus the GUCT domain is unlikely to interact with RNA molecules. Instead, it may interact with proteins via its hydrophobic surface around the surface-exposed tryptophan.
Benchmarking Middle-Trained Language Models for Neural Search (2023)

Middle training methods aim to bridge the gap between the Masked Language Model (MLM) pre-training and the final finetuning for retrieval. Recent models such as CoCondenser, RetroMAE, and LexMAE argue that the MLM task is not sufficient enough to pre-train a transformer network for retrieval and hence propose various tasks to do so. Intrigued by those novel methods, we noticed that all these models used different finetuning protocols, making it hard to assess the benefits of middle training. We propose in this paper a benchmark of CoCondenser, RetroMAE, and LexMAE, under the same finetuning conditions. We compare both dense and sparse approaches under various finetuning protocols and middle training on different collections (MS MARCO, Wikipedia). We use additional middle training baselines, such as a standard MLM finetuning on the retrieval collection, optionally augmented by a CLS predicting the passage term frequency. For the sparse approach, our study reveals that there is almost no statistical difference between those methods: the more effective the finetuning procedure is, the less difference there is between those models. For the dense approach, RetroMAE using MS MARCO as middle-training collection shows excellent results in almost all the settings. Finally, we show that middle training on the retrieval collection, thus adapting the language model to it, is a critical factor. Overall, a better experimental setup should be adopted to evaluate middle training methods.
A low power zero-crossing pipeline-SAR ADC with on-chip dynamically loaded pre-charged reference (2013)

A dynamically loaded pre-charged reference technique for low power zero-crossing pipeline-SAR ADCs is presented. Power hungry reference buffers are eliminated and the loading from the reference capacitors is also reduced, thus improving the ADC noise performance. The 65-nm CMOS ADC prototype has an SFDR/SNR/SNDR of 77dB/70dB/66dB at 25MHz, while consuming 4.8mW at 50MS/s, including all the power for the reference generation and distribution.
A Metal-Via Resistance Based Physically Unclonable Function with 1.18% Native Instability (2019)

A physically unclonable function (PUF) leveraging the parasitic resistance created by the metal-via interconnection as entropy source is proposed in this paper. Metals 2 through 6 of a 65nm process is used to create the necessary parasitic resistance. Instead of using additional stabilization techniques, an incremental analog-to-digital converter is implemented to precisely measure the voltage difference between two branches consisting of the metal-via interconnection based parasitic resistances. The fabricated PUF, without using any post processing algorithm, achieves a native instability of 1.18% with 1000 repeated evaluations. The worst-case instability for voltage and temperature ranging from 0.8V to 1.3V and 0°C to 85°C, respectively is below 2.5%. The distance ratio between intra-die and inter-die Hamming Distance is above 310X.
Chemorheology relations for epoxy‐amine crosslinking (1990)

Abstract The goal of this study is to elucidate the relationship between the mechanism of bond formation, resulting structure, and the viscosity during the step polymerization of a thermoset. The system chosen for this work consists of a bifunctional epoxy, diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A, cured with a tetrafunctional amine, diaminodiphenyl sulfone. Steady shear and dynamic viscosity are measured as a function of extent of reaction throughout the epoxy‐amine cure. Branching theory is used to relate the extent of reaction (i.e., conversion of epoxy groups) to certain structural parameters, including the weight‐average molecular weight. The combination of the viscosity‐conversion data with the branching theory enables the correlation between changes in rheological properties and network structure during polymerization. The steady shear viscosity rise is modeled as the product of a structure‐dependent friction factor and weight‐average molecular weight. The structural significance of the point in cure when the dynamic storage and loss modulus are equal (i.e., tan δ = 1) is also explored.
Phase I trial of recombinant immunotoxin CAT-8015 (HA22) in multiply relapsed hairy cell leukemia. (2010)

6523 Background: CAT-8015 (HA22) contains the Fv domains of the anti-CD22 Mab RFB4 and truncated pseudomonas exotoxin, inducing cell death after binding, internalization, and ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor 2. CAT-8015 is a high-affinity mutant of BL22 (CAT-3888), with increased cytotoxicity toward chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) cells ex vivo. Methods: To determine the clinical activity of CAT-8015, separate phase I trials were initiated in CLL, HCL, and non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and the HCL trial completed accrual. Eligible patients had several prior therapies including purine analogs and needed treatment for cytopenias or symptoms. CAT-8015 was administered over 30 min iv days 1, 3 and 5 (QODx3) at 28-day intervals for up to 10 cycles. Results: 28 HCL patients received CAT-8015: 3 each at 5, 10, 20, and 30 ug/kg QODx3, 4 at 40 and 12 at 50 ug/kg QODx3. Patients had 2-7 (median 3) prior therapies. Patients received 1-9 (median 4) cycles of CAT-8015 each. Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was not observed. Two patients, with cycle 3 of 30 and cycle 5 of 50 ug/Kg QOD x3, had a grade 2 reversible hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with peak creatinine of 1.53-1.66 mg/dL and platelet nadir of 111,000-120,000/mm3. Drug-related toxicities in 25-60% of the 28 patients included (in decreasing frequency) grade 1-2 hypoalbuminemia, edema, fever, ALT and AST elevations, headaches, and nausea. Of 25 evaluable patients, 44% made antibodies neutralizing > 75% of the cytotoxicity of 1,000 ng/mL of CAT-8015. Responses were achieved at all dose levels. The overall response rate was 79% including 12 (43%) of 28 HCL patients achieving complete remission (CR). Of the 12 CRs, 11 (92%) are ongoing 7-29 (median 21) months after enrollment. Conclusions: CAT-8015 is active in relapsed/refractory HCL and is without DLT after completion of expansion at the highest dose level (50 ug/Kg x3) to 12 patients. These results justify further treatment of patients at this dose level to further explore efficacy and safety. Dose-escalation will continue in a separate trial to determine if the increased cytotoxic activity of CAT-8015 compared to CAT-3888 will be associated with significant efficacy in CLL and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration MedImmune
Hepatic differentiation of human bone marrow‐derived UE7T‐13 cells: Effects of cytokines and CCN family gene expression (2007)

The present study suggests that aFGF/bFGF/HGF/type IV collagen coating is the efficient condition for hepatic differentiation of UE7T-13 cells, and that WISP1 and WISP2 play an important role in hepatic transdifferentiation of these cells.
Security Concerns with IoT-Based Health and Fitness Systems (2022)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a game changer today and has affected every walk of life. The Internet of Medical Things (IOMT) will be part of this growing ecosystem. The global market for the IoT reached $100 billion in revenue for the first time in the year 2017, and is forecasted to grow to about $1.6 trillion by the year 2025. Data keeps revolving from one platform to other due to the usage of recent trends in technology. Many devices can now support and monitor our day-to-day health and fitness activities and data captured is processed, stored, and transmitted to generate desired results. IoT and artificial intelligence (AI) are useful tools in a variety of circumstances, but we need to accept that some of today's technology is not as powerful or secure as it should be. As said that technology can be constructive or else could be destructive. The complete IoT cosmos, from builders to users, have to overcome many security challenges, such as engineering benchmarks, Apprise administration, Corporeal acclimatization and Handler's acquaintance and cognizance. When it comes to the healthcare industry, even more challenges exist. Privacy of data and providing proper security is an important aspect. With increasing variations of IoT devices, there is a notable increase in the complexities of IoT security. As a result, an attacker could gain control of a medical IoT device and could alter the data it collects. A controlled medical IoT device can be used to send false signals, which in turn can make health experts take actions that may impair the health of their patients. Thus, it is necessary to generate collective IoT benchmarks to regulate the safekeeping in cities, houses, and in tech-based environments. This chapter research aims to increase research-based industry knowledge.
Supplementary Figure 8 from Tumor-Promoting Desmoplasia Is Disrupted by Depleting FAP-Expressing Stromal Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Combination of FAP-CAR T cells and gemcitabine treatment augments anti-tumor response in 4662 tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Equivalent Circuit Modification for Organic Solar Cells (2015)

In this work, a newly fabricated organic solar cell based on a composite of fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) and regioregular poly (3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) with an added interfacial layer of AgOx in between the PEDOT:PSS layer and the ITO layer is investigated and an equivalent circuit model is proposed for the device. Incorporation of the AgOx interfacial layer shows an increase in fill factor (by 33%) and power conversion efficiency (by 28%). Moreover, proper correlation has been achieved between the experimental and simulated I-V plots. The simulation shows that device characteristics can be explained with accuracy by the proposed model.
Making New With Old (2012)

In the past few years, embedding has emerged as a valid contender to traditional packaging technologies for specific applications. It uses PCB (Printed-Circuit Board) processes for 3D integration of active and passive elements to create SiPs (System in Package). Just like MEMS (Micro Electro-Mechanical System) and IPD (Integrated Passive Device) emerged from standard semiconductor processes, and then were adapted to match the specific requirements, so does embedding build on decades-old techniques to create this new class of packages. Inherent advantages include:- Compatibility with traditional SMT processes, in particular with regards to pitch,- Production batch size,- Historical reliability and process data,- Thermal management,- Possibility to integrate EMI shielding,- CTE matching. This paper will present the challenges and opportunities of this packaging technology in terms of processes, performance and reliability. It will focus on the solution developed by AT&amp;S called ECP® (Embedded- Component Packaging). Whereas competition is integrating PCB processes to their semiconductor-packaging operations, AT&amp;S is the only vendor building on its PCB tradition to enter the packaging industry, thereby presenting an alternative view of the subject.
Roles of Hydrogen in Amorphous Oxide Semiconductor In-Ga-Zn-O: Comparison of Conventional and Ultra-High-Vacuum Sputtering (2014)

We investigated roles of hydrogen on physical properties of a-IGZO films and thin-film transistors (TFTs) by comparing standard and ultra-high vacuum (UHV) sputtering systems. It was confirmed that the impurity hydrogens come mainly from the residual gas in the deposition chamber and the molecules adsorbed to the surface of the sputtering target. It was found impurity hydrogen has unfavorable effects as follows; (i) enhances selective Zn desorption during film deposition, and (ii) weakens chemical bonds of the resulting film, causing temperature instability. On the other hand, the UHV a-IGZO films with less hydrogen had low density and exhibited structural instability, suggesting that some hydrogens would have a favorable effect to enhance structural relaxation rate and to form denser and more stable structures during film deposition at room temperature. The revealed hydrogen effects are discussed in relation to those in amorphous silicon and silicon dioxide.
Characterizations of eupnea, apneusis and gasping in a perfused rat preparation (2000)

In vivo mammalian preparations can exhibit eupnea, apneusis and gasping. In vitro mammalian preparations exhibit only a single invariant pattern, which appears identical to gasping. We characterized the patterns of ventilatory activity of a perfused heart-brainstem preparation of the juvenile rat. In this preparation, phrenic activity has a 'ramp-like' rise similar to eupnea in vivo. Peak phrenic activity declines and ultimately disappears in hypocapnia. In hypercapnia, both frequency and peak of phrenic bursts increase. In hypoxia, such increases are transient. The phrenic burst is terminated by electrical stimulation of the pontile 'pneumotaxic center' and, as in apneusis, is prolonged by lesions in this region. With severe hypoxia or ischemia, the 'ramp-like' phrenic activity is replaced by the 'decrementing' pattern of gasping. Variables of phrenic activity in gasping produced in hypoxia and ischemia are identical. We conclude that the perfused juvenile rat preparation exhibits patterns of eupnea, apneusis and gasping which are similar to in vivo mammalian preparations.