gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A recurrent CNN for online object detection on raw radar frames (2022)

Automotive radar sensors provide valuable information for advanced driving assistance systems (ADAS). Radars can reliably estimate the distance to an object and the relative velocity, regardless of weather and light conditions. However, radar sensors suffer from low resolution and huge intra-class variations in the shape of objects. Exploiting the time information (e.g., multiple frames) has been shown to help to capture better the dynamics of objects and, therefore, the variation in the shape of objects. Most temporal radar object detectors use 3D convolutions to learn spatial and temporal information. However, these methods are often non-causal and unsuitable for real-time applications. This work presents RECORD, a new recurrent CNN architecture for online radar object detection. We propose an end-to-end trainable architecture mixing convolutions and ConvLSTMs to learn spatio-temporal dependencies between successive frames. Our model is causal and requires only the past information encoded in the memory of the ConvLSTMs to detect objects. Our experiments show such a method's relevance for detecting objects in different radar representations (range-Doppler, range-angle) and outperform state-of-the-art models on the ROD2021 and CARRADA datasets while being less computationally expensive.
An eye tracking based virtual reality system for use inside magnetic resonance imaging systems (2021)

Patients undergoing Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) often experience anxiety and sometimes distress prior to and during scanning. Here a full MRI compatible virtual reality (VR) system is described and tested with the aim of creating a radically different experience. Potential benefits could accrue from the strong sense of immersion that can be created with VR, which could create sense experiences designed to avoid the perception of being enclosed and could also provide new modes of diversion and interaction that could make even lengthy MRI examinations much less challenging. Most current VR systems rely on head mounted displays combined with head motion tracking to achieve and maintain a visceral sense of a tangible virtual world, but this technology and approach encourages physical motion, which would be unacceptable and could be physically incompatible for MRI. The proposed VR system uses gaze tracking to control and interact with a virtual world. MRI compatible cameras are used to allow real time eye tracking and robust gaze tracking is achieved through an adaptive calibration strategy in which each successive VR interaction initiated by the subject updates the gaze estimation model. A dedicated VR framework has been developed including a rich virtual world and gaze-controlled game content. To aid in achieving immersive experiences physical sensations, including noise, vibration and proprioception associated with patient table movements, have been made congruent with the presented virtual scene. A live video link allows subject-carer interaction, projecting a supportive presence into the virtual world.
Bacteriophage-encoded toxins: the ?-holin protein causes caspase-independent non-apoptotic cell death of eukaryotic cells (2007)

The bacteriophage-encoded holin proteins are known to promote bacterial cell lysis by forming lesions within the cytoplasmic membrane. Recently, we have shown that the bacteriophage lambda-holin protein exerts cytotoxic activity also in eukaryotic cells accounting for a reduced tumour growth in vivo. In order to elucidate the mechanisms of lambda-holin-induced mammalian cell death, detailed biochemical and morphological analyses were performed. Colocalization analyses by subcellular fractionation and organelle-specific fluorescence immunocytochemistry indicated the presence of the lambda-holin protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and in mitochondria. Functional studies using the mitochondria-specific fluorochrome JC-1 demonstrated a loss of mitochondrial transmembrane potential in response to lambda-holin expression. Morphologically, these cells exhibited unfragmented nuclei but severe cytoplasmic vacuolization representing signs of oncosis/necrosis rather than apoptosis. Consistently, Western blot analyses indicated neither an activation of effector caspases 3 and 7 nor cleavage of the respective substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) in an apoptosis-specific manner. These findings suggest that the lambda-holin protein mediates a caspase-independent non-apoptotic mode of cell death.
Centimeter-Scale Ge-Assisted Grown Graphene Directly on SiO2/Si for NO2 Gas Sensors (2020)

For the manufacture of graphene based electronic devices, graphene growth directly on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si substrates is a prerequisite. However, the problem of metal contamination is a key issue that cannot be avoided when synthesizing graphene on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si substrates. Additionally, the direct fabrication of patterned graphene still suffers from inefficient and low repeatable problems. In this article, an approach based on a germanium (Ge)-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is proposed. It can produce graphene directly on any dielectric substrates. Graphene is grown directly on Ge-covered SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si substrates due to the catalysis of Ge. By depositing the second Ge layer with a pattern by a designed hard mask onto the as-grown centimeter-scale and continuous graphene on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si substrates followed by etching the graphene and removing the Ge, the monolayer graphene pattern was acquired. This process has the advantages of no metal pollution and high repeatability. Subsequently, the patterned and highly conductive graphene prepared on SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Si substrates was used for gas sensor. The gas sensor exhibited well NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas sensing properties because of large charge transferred from graphene to NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> molecules.
Streaming from the Air: Enabling Drone-sourced Video Streaming Applications on 5G Open-RAN Architectures (2021)

Enabling high data-rate uplink cellular connectivity for drones is a challenging problem, since a flying drone has a higher likelihood of having line-of-sight propagation to base stations that terrestrial UEs normally do not have line-of-sight to. This may result in uplink inter-cell interference and uplink performance degradation for the neighboring ground UEs when drones transmit at high data-rates (e.g., video streaming). We address this problem from a cellular operator's standpoint to support drone-sourced video streaming of a point of interest. We propose a low-complexity, closed-loop control system for Open-RAN architectures that jointly optimizes the drone's location in space and its transmission directionality to support video streaming and minimize its uplink interference impact on the network. We prototype and experimentally evaluate the proposed control system on a dedicated outdoor multi-cell RAN testbed, which is the first measurement campaign of its kind. Furthermore, we perform a large-scale simulation assessment of the proposed control system using the actual cell deployment topologies and cell load profiles of a major US cellular carrier. The proposed Open-RAN control scheme achieves an average 19% network capacity gain over traditional BS-constrained control solutions and satisfies the application data-rate requirements of the drone (e.g., to stream an HD video).
1885, the first rabies vaccination in humans (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Self-Initiation in Cationic Polymerization (1972)

ABSTRACT A critical examination of polymerization, dimerization, and isomerization experiments carried out under carefully controlled (anhydrous) conditions leads to the conclusion that polymerization, etc. may proceed in purest monomer/Friedel-Crafts halide systems in the absence of coinitiators. Thus the well-entrenched view that Friedel-Crafts halides always require coinitiator (protogenic impurities) for initiation of cationic polymerizations has to be modified. It is postulated that initiation in purest olefin/Friedel-Crafts halide systems might proceed by a self-initiation mechanism involving the abstraction of an allylic H from the monomer by the Friedel-Crafts halide MXn: The chemistry and evidence for this mechanism are discussed in detail.
Generation of neutron cross sections library for the Thermos code of the Fuel management System (FMS); Generacion de la biblioteca de secciones eficaces de neutrones para el codigo Thermos del sistema de administracion de combustible (FMS) (1990)

There is developed a method to generate the library of neutron cross sections for the Thermos code by means of the database ENDF-B/IV and the NJOY code. The obtained results are compared with the version previous of the library of neutron cross sections which was processed using the version ENDF-B/III. (Author)
Large-scale simulations for maneuvering submarines and propulsors (1998)

This paper describes an emerging computational capability for physics—based flow simulation and maneuvering predictions for appended submarine/propulsor geometries. The solution methodology for the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier—Stokes equations is summarized, including the transition of this capability from single—processor to scalable parallel computing. The current status of validation efforts for this methodology is discussed, including comparisons for appended—hull force and moment coefficients andpropulsor thrust and torque coefficients. Results are given from several simulations related to maneuvering of appended submarines with rotating propulsors. This capability will enable new complex simulations in computational naval hydrodynamics that can support the submarine design process as well as provide understanding leading to improved safety margins in submarines undergoing complicated maneuvers. To illustrate the impact of the scalable parallel code, a submarine maneuver requiring 3 million grid points and covering a distance of five hull lengths can be run in less than two days on 80 T3Eprocessors, as compared with over four months on a single processor.
PCF interferometer based temperature sensor with high sensitivity (2013)

In this work, the use of a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with a highly Germanium (Ge) doped core is exploited as temperature sensor for the first time (to our knowledge). The PCF has an outer diameter of 125 &mu;m and consists of a microstructured cladding with an average pitch and hole diameter of &Lambda;=4.6 &mu;m and d=1.0 &mu;m, respectively. A short PCF stub (~2.0 mm) is used for the preparation of an interferometer. The PCF is spliced between single mode fibers (SMF), meaning that the PCF holes are fully collapsed in the splicing region while the Ge-doped core is still present. The splice parameters were changed to make a short collapse region of (200&plusmn;30) &mu;m. The first splice is used to excite the fundamental core mode and multiple higher order cladding modes by applying a core-to-core offset. The second splice acts as spatial filter to detect only the light which is guided in and near the core. The interferometer is heated up to 500&deg;C and the total wavelength shift with the temperature variation found to be 74 pm/&deg;C which is more than 5 times higher than a fiber Bragg grating at 1550 nm (13 pm/&deg;C). The PCF interferometer preparation requires only a few steps, cleaving and splicing the fibers. The short length, the high thermal sensitivity and stability of the structure make the device attractive for many sensing applications including high temperature ranges.
Higher order mode supercontinuum generation in tantalum pentoxide (Ta2O5) channel waveguide (2021)

We fabricated tantalum pentoxide (Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>) channel waveguides and used them to experimentally demonstrate higher-order mode supercontinuum (SC) generation. The Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> waveguide has a high nonlinear refractive index which was in an order magnitude of 10<sup>-14</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/W and was designed to be anomalously dispersive at the pumping wavelength. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time a higher-order mode femtosecond pump based broadband SC has been measured from a nonlinear waveguide using the phase-matching method. This enabled us to demonstrate a SC spectrum spanning from 842 to 1462 nm (at - 30 dB), which corresponds to 0.83 octaves, when using the TM<sub>10</sub> waveguide mode. When using the TE<sub>10</sub> mode, the SC bandwidth is slightly reduced for the same excitation peak power. In addition, we theoretically estimated and discussed the possibility of using the broadband higher-order modes emitted from the Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> waveguide for trapping nanoparticles. Hence, we believe that demonstrated Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> waveguide are a promising broadband light source for optical applications such as frequency metrology, Raman spectroscopy, molecular spectroscopy and optical coherence tomography.
Dotastic (2012)

Dotastic is a mobile application that lets people challenge each other to get tasks done. Dotastic leverages social pressure to help people accomplish tasks that they would otherwise not be motivated to do. We propose using Dotastic as an integrated demo that adds an element of fun to real-time events, increasing interactions among the event attendees, and helping organizers use the persuasive technology to obtain desired outcomes.
Inspection analysis of NAUT from spot welded part and CFRP specimen (2011)

If the surface of specimen is rough, or the material is cold or hot in the narrow spot, the application of a couplant is impossible. Therefore, non‐contact air coupled ultrasonic testing (NAUT) is applied here for previously compensating the inspection method of ultrasonic wave. If NAUT is applied, the inspection of ultrasonic wave is possible even without a couplant. In addition, the transmission/reception of ultrasonic wave is possible in a stable state. Therefore, the non‐contact test method including the inspection of a part with rough surface will be elsewhere. The realisation of exact high efficiency spot welding inspection with increases in quality, yield and efficiency of materials using NAUT is also possible. Therefore, the effect of NAUT to perform the inspection is known. Thus, the advantages of NAUT are highlighted piece by piece through the spot welding and CFRP inspection. The paper also reported the results of waveform analysis. As a result, the specimens of spot welding and CFRP using the NAUT technique have been made and the thickness and position of the specimen, regardless of the degree of spot welding in the ultrasound transmission, were the highest; the specimen of CFRP is also a part of the faulty part and does not increase the amplitude of the waveform. Whether it reduces the presence of interlayer detachment was unknown, and the practical use of NAUT has confirmed this.
Evaluation and validation of an RT‐PCR assay for specific detection of monkeypox virus (MPXV) (2022)

Monkeypox virus (MPXV) is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus within the Poxviridae family. MPXV is endemic to Central and West Africa. However, the world is currently witnessing an international outbreak with no clear epidemiological links to travel or animal exposure and with ever-increasing numbers of reported cases worldwide. Here, we evaluated and validated a new, sensitive, and specific real-time PCR-assay for MPXV diagnosis in humans and compare the performance of this novel assay against a Food & Drug Administration-cleared pan-Orthopox RT-PCR assay. We determined specificity, sensitivity, and analytic performance of the PKamp™ Monkeypox Virus RT-PCR assay targeting the viral F3L-gene. In addition, we further evaluated MPXV-PCR-positive specimens by viral culture, electron microscopy, and viral inactivation assays. The limit of detection was established at 7.2 genome copies/reaction, and MPXV was successfully identified in 20 clinical specimens with 100% correlation against the reference method with 100% sensitivity and specificity. Our results demonstrated the validity of this rapid, robust, and reliable RT-PCR assay for specific and accurate diagnosis of MPXV infection in human specimens collected both as dry swabs and in viral transport media. This assay has been approved by NYS Department of Health for clinical use.
qCMA: A Desktop Application for Quantitative Collective Cell Migration Analysis (2012)

Collective migration is an important cellular trait, which is intensely studied by both basic and translational researchers. Investigation of the underlying mechanisms necessitates high-throughput assays and computational algorithms capable of generating reproducible quantitative measurements of cell migration. We present a desktop tool that can be used easily by any researcher, to quantify both fluorescent and phase-contrast images produced in the course of commonly used gap closure ("scratch," "wound healing") collective migration assays. The software has a simple graphical interface that allows the user to tune the relevant parameters and process large numbers of images (or movies). The output contains segmented images and the numerical values inferred from them, allowing easy quantitative analysis of the results.
Incorporating drivability metrics into optimal energy management strategies for Hybrid Vehicles (2008)

Hybrid Vehicle fuel economy performance is highly sensitive to the energy management strategy used to select among multiple energy sources. Optimal solutions are easy to specify if the drive cycle is known a priori. It is very challenging to compute controllers that yield good fuel economy for a class of drive cycles representative of typical driver behavior. Additional challenges come in the form of constraints on powertrain activity, like shifting and starting the engine, which are commonly called ¿drivability¿ metrics. These constraints can adversely affect fuel economy. The benefits of including drivability restrictions in a Shortest Path Dynamic Programming (SPDP) formulation of the energy management problem are investigated for the first time. It is shown that this method yields up to 10% fuel economy improvement on a representative parallel electric hybrid when compared to a simpler instantaneous optimization formulation. This result is obtained by comparing a SPDP controller designed for drivability to a second SPDP controller, designed for fuel economy only, that uses an additional instantaneous optimization step for the incorporation of drivability. The results also quantify the tradeoff between drivability and fuel economy.
Effect of field driven phase transformations on the loss tangent of relaxor ferroelectric single crystals (2013)

The effect of a bias stress induced phase transformation on the large field dielectric loss in [001] cut and poled single crystal stack actuators of (1 − x)Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-xPbTiO3 (PMN-xPT, x = 32) was experimentally characterized. Dielectric loss was observed to increase with compressive preload and electric field amplitude. The dielectric loss was determined by measuring the area within electric displacement vs. electric field hysteresis loops and the measured area was expressed in terms of an effective loss tangent. This approach matches the measured area within the hysteresis loop to an equivalent area ellipse in which the electric displacement lags the electric field by an amount, delta, under sinusoidal loading. The results collapse the measured loss as a function of bias stress and electric field amplitude reasonably close to a single curve. The measured dielectric loss behavior was attributed to the compressive stress preload driving a partial phase transformation from rhombohedral to orthorhombic and the electric field driving the reverse phase transformation from the stress induced orthorhombic phase to the zero stress rhombohedral phase. When the compressive bias stress partially or fully drives this phase transformation, the dielectric loss under unipolar electric field loading increases. This work is focused on quasi-static measurements. The large field dielectric loss is anticipated to be a function of frequency and temperature.
Supplemental Figures 1-12 from A PET Imaging Strategy to Visualize Activated T Cells in Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease Elicited by Allogenic Hematopoietic Cell Transplant (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 shows [18F]F-AraG Structure and Schematic of AraG Uptake into T Cells Supplementary Figure 2 shows [18F]F-AraG and [3H]F-AraC Uptake and Retention Across Various Immune Cell Lines Supplementary Figure 3 shows AraG Competitive Inhibition of [18F]F-AraG Uptake Across Various Immune Cell Lines Supplementary Figure 4 shows Comparison of [18F]F-AraG and [3H]F-AraC Uptake and Retention Across Various Solid Tumor Cell Lines Supplementary Figure 5 shows Western Blot Analysis of dCK Expression in Wild-type and Mutant CCRF-CEM cells Supplementary Figure 6 shows dGK overexpression in CHO-K1 cells leads to increased [18F]F-AraG uptake and retention Supplementary Figure 7 shows [3H]F-AraC Accumulates in Cells via dCK Activity Supplementary Figure 8 shows Uptake of [18F]F-AraG in Activated Versus Resting Murine T Cells Supplementary Figure 9 shows Isolation and Activation of Primary Human T Cells Supplementary Figure 10 shows Uptake and Retention of [3H]AraG and [3H]F-AraC in Resting and Activated Human Primary T Cells Supplementary Figure 11 shows Evaluation of GFP+ Donor T cells in Spleens and Cervical Lymph Nodes (CLNs) at Day 3 and Day 10 of Acute GVHD Supplementary Figure 12 shows Evaluation of Proliferation of Donor T Cells in Cervical Lymph Nodes&lt;/p&gt;
Model based control of machine tool manipulators (2008)

This contribution is concerned with the improvement of dynamic precision for direct-driven servo axes at machine tools. Due to coupling forces and structural vibrations, the dynamic performance of direct-driven machines is still restricted. Therefore, we analysed the effect of kinetic coupling in typical machine tool applications and derived a simplified dynamic model for predicting acceleration-dependent disturbance forces. Special consideration is given to the additional damping of elastic structural components. Their effect on the feedback-controlled system is described by a simplified but suitable dynamic model that allows state observation and effective parameter identification for all relevant cases of structural flexibility. This leads to an extension of standard servo drives by a robust state space controller. Standard numerical control systems for machine tools do not support model based control. Therefore special functions on a commercial numerical control system have been developed to compensate dynamic coupling forces and to damp dominating structural modes. The practical benefit of these special functions is illustrated for a newly developed direct-driven machine tool manipulator.