gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Removal of bone in CT angiography of the cervical arteries by piecewise matched mask bone elimination (2004)

In maximum intensity projection (MIP) images of CT angiography (CTA) scans, the arteries are often obscured by bone. A bone removal method is presented that uses an additional, nonenhanced scan to create a mask of the bone by thresholding and dilation. After registration of the CTA scan and the additional scan, the bone in the CTA scan is masked. As the cervical area contains bones that can move with respect to each other, these bones are separated first using a watershed algorithm, and then registered individually. A phantom study was performed to evaluate and quantify the tradeoff between the removal of the bone and the preservation of the arteries contiguous to the bone. The influence of algorithm parameters and scan parameters was studied. The method was clinically evaluated with data sets of 35 patients. Best results were obtained with a threshold of 150 HU and a dilation of 8 in-plane voxels and two out-of-plane voxels. The mean width of the soft tissue layer, which is also masked, was approximately 1 mm. The mAs value of the nonenhanced scan could be reduced from 250 mAs to 65 mAs without a loss of quality. In 32 cases the bones were registered correctly and removed completely. In three cases the bone separation was not completely successful, and consequently the bone was not completely removed. The piecewise matched mask bone elimination method proved to be able to obtain MIP images of the cervical arteries free from overprojecting bone in a fully automatic way and with only a slight increase of radiation dose.
Front Matter: Volume 6975 (2008)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 6975, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Performance enhancement and trade-offs of smart antennas in CDMA cellular networks (2002)

In this paper, we study the improvement in the reverse link budget due to base-station smart antennas in CDMA cellular networks. Considering a typical multipath propagation environment, we quantify the excess energy per bit to interference plus noise ratio /spl gamma//sub b/ due to smart antenna processing at the base station as a function of the number of sensors, their separation, and scattering angle, With this excess /spl gamma//sub b/, we evaluate different trade-offs between different performance measures such as capacity, area coverage, and mobile transmitted power. Both theoretical and simulation results are presented.
An improved etching process used for the fabrication of submicron Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions (1995)

It is important to develop a reliable and reproducible fabrication process of submicron Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions to improve the integration level and the operating speed of the Josephson LSI circuit. For this purpose, we have developed an improved etching process by introducing a dummy etching process and using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as an etching end-point detector. The dummy etching process improves the anisotropy of a reactive ion etching (RIE) process using CF/sub 4/. The etching residue around a junction is detected easily and correctly by the SEM observation. We have successfully fabricated Nb/AlO/sub x//Nb Josephson junctions with critical current density of 10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ using the cross-line patterning (CLIP) method and electron beam lithography, where the junction size was varied from 2 /spl mu/m to 0.5 /spl mu/m at 0.1 /spl mu/m intervals. High-quality submicron junctions for integrated circuits with suitable critical current variations were obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Protection of Brain Injury by Amniotic Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Secreted Metabolites (2016)

Human amniotic mesenchymal stromal cell-secreted factors protect the brain after acute injury. Importantly, a fraction rich in metabolites, and containing neither proteic nor ribonucleic molecules was protective. This study indicates the profiling of protective factors that could be useful in cell-free therapeutic approaches for acute brain injury.
Komplexchemie reaktiver organischer Verbindungen. XLIV. Dimethylcarben‐ und Acetonazin‐Komplexe aus 2‐Diazopropan (1983)

Abstract Der substitutionslabile Ether‐Komplex (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Mn(CO) 2 (THF) ( 1 ; THF = Tetrahydrofuran) reagiert mit 2‐Diazopropan ( 2 ) im Temperaturbereich 0 bis 5°C (THF‐Lösung) unter Bildung des bekannten Dimethylcarben‐Mangan‐Komplexes 3 und des neuen Acetonazin‐Komplexes 4 . Letzterer gehört nach einer Kristallstrukturanalyse (Röntgenbeugung) dem Strukturtyp (η 5 ‐C 5 H 5 )Mn(CO) 2 L an und besitzt einen als starken σ‐Donator fungierenden, über ein Stickstoffatom koordinierten Ketazin‐Liganden. Die zu 206,3(3) pm gefundene MnN‐Bindungslänge ist erheblich größer als der Abstand π‐acider Stickstoff‐Liganden in analogen Komplexverbindungen.
Convergence analysis of run-time distributed optimization on adaptive systems using game theory (2008)

We consider multiprocessor system-on-chip (MP-SoC) integrating several processing elements (PE). These architectures require distributed and scalable control techniques for run-time optimization of applicative parameters. Our approach is to use the game theory as an optimization model to solve the trade-off issues at run-time. We applied it to the distributed dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS) management, adjusting at run-time the frequency set of each PE based on the synchronization between tasks of the application graph and the PE temperature profile. Results show that the analyzed algorithm converges to a solution in about 94% of the cases and in less than 40 calculation cycles for a 100-processor MP-SoC. It reaches an average optimization of 89% compared to an off-line centralized reference but about 140 times faster when simulating.
Interference management and resource allocation in backhaul/access networks (2017)

The interface management and resource allocation in backhaul (BH)/access networks for the cloud/centralized radio access networks (C-RAN) are two of the largest challenges to enable the C-RAN architecture deployment successfully in cellular wireless systems. From the PHY perspectives, one major advantage of C-RAN is the ease of implementation of multicell coordination mechanisms to manage the interference and improve the system spectral efficiency (SE). Theoretically, a large number of cooperative cells leads to a higher SE; however, it may also cause significant delay due to extra channel state information feedback and joint processing computational needs at the cloud data center, which is likely to result in performance degradation. In order to investigate the delay impact on the throughput gains, we divide the network into multiple clusters of cooperative small cells and formulate a throughput optimization problem. We model various delay factors and the sum-rate of the network as a function of cluster size, treating it as the main optimization variable. For our analysis, we consider both base stations&apos; as well as users&apos; geometric locations as random variables for both linear and planar network deployments. The output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio and ergodic sum-rate are derived based on the homogenous Poisson-point-processing model. The sum-rate optimization problem in terms of the cluster size is formulated and solved. From the radio resource management (RRM) perspective, we consider the problem of joint BH and access links optimization in dense small-cell networks with special focus on time division duplexing mode of operation in BH and access links transmission. Here, we propose a framework for joint RRM where we systematically decompose the problem in BH and access links. To simplify the analysis, the procedure is tackled in two stages. At the first stage, the joint optimization problem is formulated for a point-to-point scenario where each small cell is simply associated to a single user. In the second stage, the problem is generalized for multiaccess small cells. In addition, the chapter addressed thejoint routing and BH scheduling in a dense small-cell networks using 60 GHz multihop BH, coordinated by a local C-RAN central unit. The problem is formulated as a generalized vehicle routing problem and decoupled into two subproblems, channel-aware path selection and queue-aware link scheduling.
Quantum-mechanical treatment of muon-transfer process: A heavy-particle exchange approach (1990)

In this work the muon transfer process A+\ensuremath{\mu}B\ensuremath{\rightarrow}A\ensuremath{\mu}+B is treated in a similar way to that used in chemical reactions. Two processes were considered: the exothermic reaction d+p\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\ensuremath{\mu}+p and the thermoneutral reaction d+d\ensuremath{\mu}\ensuremath{\rightarrow}d\ensuremath{\mu}+d, where the two deuterons are treated as distinguishable particles. Energy-dependent (0.5\ensuremath{\le}E\ensuremath{\le}10 eV) reaction probabilities and integral cross sections were calculated by solving the three-body Schr\"odinger equation using the mass-scaled Jacobi coordinates (R,r) and the orientation angle \ensuremath{\gamma}. After the \ensuremath{\gamma} eigenvalue problem is solved at fixed (R,r), the scattering matrix is calculated. It is shown that the contribution of closed vibrational states (so-called ``nonadiabatic'' corrections) changes the behavior of the muon transfer cross section.
Model Predictive Control and Fault Detection and Diagnostics of a Building Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning System (2014)

The paper presents Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Fault Detection and Diagnostics (FDD) technologies, their on-line implementation, and results from several demonstrations conducted for a large-size HVAC system. The two technologies are executed at the supervisory level in a hierarchical control architecture as extensions of a baseline Building Management System (BMS). The MPC algorithm generates optimal set points for the HVAC actuator loops which minimize energy consumption while meeting equipment operational constraints and occupant comfort constraints. The MPC algorithm is implemented using a new tool, the Berkeley Library for Optimization Modeling (BLOM), which generates automatically an efficient optimization formulation directly from a simulation model. The FDD algorithm detects and classifies in real-time potential faults of the HVAC actuators based on data from multiple sensors. The performance and limitations of FDD and MPC algorithms are illustrated and discussed based on measurement data recorded from multiple tests.
DJ-1 Binds Androgen Receptor Directly and Mediates Its Activity in Hormonally Treated Prostate Cancer Cells (2007)

The oncogene DJ-1 has been associated with multiple cancers, including prostate cancer, where it can be stabilized by androgens and antiandrogens. However, little data exist on the expression pattern and function of DJ-1 in prostate cancer. To address the function of DJ-1 in prostate, a yeast two-hybrid screen was done to identify novel DJ-1 binding proteins. The androgen receptor (AR) was identified and confirmed as a DJ-1 binding partner. This is the first evidence that DJ-1 directly interacts with AR. We also show that modulation of DJ-1 expression regulated AR transcriptional activity. Importantly, both the subcellular localization of DJ-1 and the interaction with AR are regulated by androgens and antiandrogens. Additionally, immunohistochemical staining on two human prostate cancer tissue arrays was done providing the first large-scale expression analysis of DJ-1 in prostate. DJ-1 expression did not change with Gleason pattern but increased after androgen deprivation therapy, indicating that it may be involved in the development of androgen independence. These data provide a novel mechanism where DJ-1-mediated regulation of AR may promote the progression of prostate cancer to androgen independence.
Table S2 from Anti-PSMA/CD3 Bispecific Antibody Delivery and Antitumor Activity Using a Polymeric Depot Formulation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Copolymers composition details&lt;/p&gt;
Novel radioiodinated 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives with improved in vivo properties for SPECT imaging of β-amyloid plaques (2013)

We designed and synthesized a novel series of radioiodinated 3-(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)pyridine (1,3,4-PODP) derivatives for imaging β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains using single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). In binding experiments in vitro, 1,3,4-PODP derivatives (3 and 6) displayed high affinity for Aβ(1-42) aggregates (25 and 14 nM, respectively). In experiments in vivo, [123/125I]3 and [123/125I]6 displayed good initial uptake into and rapid washout from the brain in normal mice, and clearly labeled Aβ plaques in Tg2576 mice. Furthermore, specific labeling of Aβ plaques was observed in in vitro autoradiography of postmortem AD brain sections. These results suggested that 1,3,4-PODP derivatives may be useful SPECT probes for detecting Aβ plaques in AD brains.
Peptide−Protein Microarrays for the Simultaneous Detection of Pathogen Infections (2004)

We describe novel peptide-protein microarrays, which were fabricated using semicarbazide glass slides that permitted the immobilization of glyoxylyl peptides by site-specific ligation and the immobilization of proteins by physisorption. The arrays permitted the simultaneous serodetection of antibodies directed against hepatitis C virus (HCV core p21 15-45 peptide, NS4 1925-1947 peptide, core, NS3, NS4, and mixture of core, NS3, NS4, and NS5 antigens), hepatitis B virus (HBc, HBe, and HBs), human immunodeficiency virus (Gp41 and Gp120 for HIV-I and Gp36 for HIV-II), Epstein-Barr virus (VCAp18 153-176 peptide), and syphilis (rTpN47 and rTpN17) antigens using an immunofluorescence assay. Peptide-protein microarrays displayed high signal-to-noise ratios, sensitivities, and specificities for the detection of antibodies as revealed by the analysis of a collection of human sera referenced against these five pathogens.
Performance fluctuations of 0.10 μm MOSFETs-limitation of 0.1 μm ULSIs (2002)

The authors have recently demonstrated that 0.1 /spl mu/m gate length CMOS devices normally operate at room temperature. Moreover, they have experimentally shown that the threshold voltage of MOSFETs fluctuates due to the statistical fluctuations of channel dopant number, n/sub a/, which increases by reducing the gate length. Even if the individual 0.1 /spl mu/m MOSFETs operate normally, can one succeed in fabricating 0.1 /spl mu/m region ULSIs without failure ? To obtain the answer, it is necessary to study the performance fluctuations of 0.1 /spl mu/m region MOSFETs. This paper discusses the peculiar fluctuations of the threshold voltage and the transconductance of 0.10 /spl mu/m gate length NMOSFETs, using an 8 k MOSFET array and mentions their physical mechanism. Finally, the performance fluctuations of 0.1 /spl mu/m region ULSIs are estimated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Novel antibacterial calcium phosphate nanocomposite with long-term ion recharge and re-release to inhibit caries (2020)

Short-term studies on calcium-phosphate (CaP) ion-rechargeable composites were reported. The long-term rechargeability is important but unknown. The objectives of this study were to investigate nanocomposite with strong antibacterial and ion-recharge capabilities containing dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMAHDM) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP), and evaluate long-term ion-recharge by testing for 12 cycles (taking 6 months to complete) for the first time. Three groups were tested: (1) Heliomolar control; (2) Resin+20%NACP+50%glass; (3) Resin+3%DMAHDM+20%NACP+50%glass. Biofilm acid and colony-forming units (CFU) were measured. Ion-recharge was tested for 12 cycles. NACP-DMAHDM composite reduced biofilm acid, and reduced CFU by 4 logs. High levels of ion releases were maintained throughout 12 cycles of recharge, maintaining steady-state releases without reduction in 6 months (p>0.1), representing long-term remineralization potential. Bioactive nanocomposite demonstrated long-term ion-rechargeability for the first time, showed remineralization and potent anti-biofilm functions, with promise for tooth restorations to combat caries.
Analyzing the Performance of Commercial PV Modules under Field Conditions (2016)

The performance of commercial PV modules has been compared under field conditions at HHI’s outdoor testbed, located in South Korea. We have established the testbed with the capability of PV monitoring system in which can be collected the individual PV modules’ electrical data and meteorological data including solar irradiation, ambient temperature, humidity, wind speed etc. This study was characterized outdoor module performance of several commercial modules, which were purchased from market. In this experiment, it is found that the light-induced degradation (LID) and the cell structure are the significant factors to determine the performance ratio (PR) of the modules under same field conditions. The performance ratio of LID-resistant mono-PERC module has the highest value due to the lower LID and the better cell structure. Additionally, it is investigated that multi-wire busbar can improve the PR of module by reducing the electrical loss of the module.
Gene Cloning and Molecular Characterization of a Two-Enzyme System Catalyzing the Oxidative Detoxification of β-Endosulfan (2002)

The gram-positive bacterium Mycobacterium sp. strain ESD is able to use the cyclodiene insecticide endosulfan as a source of sulfur for growth. This activity is dependent on the absence of sulfite or sulfate in the growth medium. A cosmid library of strain ESD DNA was constructed in a Mycobacterium-Escherichia coli shuttle vector and screened for endosulfan-degrading activity in Mycobacterium smegmatis, a species that does not degrade endosulfan. Using this method, we identified a single cosmid that conferred sulfur-dependent endosulfan-degrading activity on the host strain. An open reading frame (esd) was identified within this cosmid that, when expressed behind a constitutive promoter in a mycobacterial expression vector, conferred sulfite- and sulfate-independent beta-endosulfan degradation activity on the recombinant strain. The translation product of this gene (Esd) had up to 50% sequence identity with an unusual family of monooxygenase enzymes that use reduced flavins, provided by a separate flavin reductase enzyme, as cosubstrates. An additional partial open reading frame was located upstream of the Esd gene that had sequence homology to the same monooxygenase family. A flavin reductase gene, identified in the M. smegmatis genome, was cloned, expressed, and used to provide reduced flavin mononucleotide for Esd in enzyme assays. Thin-layer chromatography and gas chromatography analyses of the enzyme assay mixtures revealed the disappearance of beta-endosulfan and the appearance of the endosulfan metabolites, endosulfan monoaldehyde and endosulfan hydroxyether. This suggests that Esd catalyzes the oxygenation of beta-endosulfan to endosulfan monoaldehyde and endosulfan hydroxyether. Esd did not degrade either alpha-endosulfan or the metabolite of endosulfan, endosulfan sulfate.
Kinetic evidence: the rate-determining step for ammonia synthesis over electride-supported Ru catalysts is no longer the nitrogen dissociation step (2016)

The rate-determining step for ammonia synthesis over Ru catalysts supported by electrides, such as [Ca<sub>24</sub>Al<sub>28</sub>O<sub>64</sub>]<sup>4+</sup>(e<sup>−</sup>)<sub>4</sub> and Ca<sub>2</sub>N:e<sup>−</sup>, is suggested to be the surface reactions of N and H adatoms, in which case the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model should be used to describe the kinetics.
Arm Crank and Wheelchair Ergometry Produce Similar Peak Oxygen Uptake but Different Work Economy Values in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury (2016)

Objective. To study whether values for peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and work economy (WE) at a standardized workload are different when tested by arm crank ergometry (ACE) and wheelchair ergometry (WCE). Methods. Twelve paraplegic men with spinal cord injury (SCI) in stable neurological condition participated in this cross-sectional repeated-measures study. We determined VO2peak and peak power output (POpeak) values during ACE and WCE in a work-matched protocol. Work economy was tested at a standardized workload of 30 Watts (W) for both ACE and WCE. Results. There were no significant differences in VO2peak (mL·kg(-1)·min(-1)) between ACE (27.3 ± 3.2) and WCE (27.4 ± 3.8) trials, and a Bland-Altman plot shows that findings are within 95% level of agreement. WE or oxygen consumption at 30 W (VO2-30W) was significantly lower during WCE compared to ACE (P < 0.039). Mean (95% CI) POpeak (W) were 130 (111-138) and 100 (83-110) during ACE and WCE, respectively. Conclusion. The findings in the present study support the use of both ACE and WCE for testing peak oxygen uptake. However, WE differed between the two test modalities, meaning that less total energy is used to perform external work of 30 W during wheelchair exercise when using this WCE (VP100 Handisport ergometer). Clinical Trials Protocol Record is NCT00987155/4.2007.2271.
Low-temperature studies of electron transfer between different cytochromes c and cytochrome c oxidase (1978)

The ability of various native and modified cytochromes c to transfer electrons to cytochrome oxidase is compared in cytochrome c depleted beef heart mitochondrial particles. The kinetics are followed at -49 degrees C after the reaction is initiated by photolysis of the CO compound of cytochrome oxidase in the presence of oxygen. Horse, human, yeast iso-2, and carboxydinitrophenyl (CDNP)-lysine-60 horse cytochromes c all give initial rates of electron transfer that are equal to those observed in whole beef mitochondria. Euglena, CDNP-lysine-72, and CDNP-lysine-13 horse cytochromes c give rates about one-tenth that of whole mitochondria. These rates were independent of the concentration of cytochrome c. Since the inhibited cytochromes c, but not the active proteins, had previously been shown to have lowered affinity for cytochrome oxidase, the results indicate that the structural characteristics important for the association of cytochrome c and oxidase are also essential for achieving normal rates of electron transfer within the complex once formed.
Influence of Available Bandwidth on the Statistical Characterization of Compressed Video (1999)

The design and analysis of robust networking protocols that offer useful performance guarantees requires accurate traffic source models. In this paper we study the problem of characterizing and modeling the arrival process of compressed video. We extend earlier works in this area by including a factor that has previously been ignored, the effect of video capture rate on traffic characterization. Dynamic changes in available bandwidth due to the addition and/or removal of connections can trigger re-negotiation of bandwidth between the applications and the network. Such re-negotiation may result in applications changing the capture rate of video sequences, thus effecting the traffic generation process. We show that for several popular video coding schemes, the bit rate distribution at the output of the encoder changes with the capture and compression rate. Using a combination of distributions, and exploiting knowledge of the underlying compression algorithms we characterize variable bit rate (VBR) video by application type, compression algorithm, and frame rate. We conclude that no single distribution can describe all video traffic, and as an alternate suggest a three dimensional matrix in which each dimension represents a different video classification aspect. Each entry in this matrix is a distribution type that best fits the given combination of the aspects. We use this result to show how the problem of network capacity planning may be tackled.