gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amphotericin B induces epithelial voltage responses in people with cystic fibrosis (2020)

BackgroundApproximately 10% of people with cystic fibrosis (CF) have mutations that result in little to no CFTR production and thus cannot benefit from CFTR modulators. We previously found that Amphotericin B (AmB), a small molecule that forms anion channels, restored HCO3− secretion and increased host defenses in primary cultures of CF airway epithelia. Further, AmB increased ASL pH in CFTR-null pigs, suggesting an alternative CFTR-independent approach to achieve gain-of-function. However, it remains unclear whether this approach can be effective in people.MethodsTo determine whether AmB can impact physiology in people with CF, we first tested whether Fungizone, a clinically approved AmB formulation, could cause electrophysiological effects consistent with anion secretion in primary cultures of CF airway epithelia. We then evaluated the capacity of AmB to change nasal potential difference (NPD), a key clinical biomarker, in people with CF not on CFTR modulators.ResultsAmB increased transepithelial Cl− current and hyperpolarized calculated transepithelial voltage in primary cultures of CF airway epithelia from people with two nonsense mutations. In eight people with CF not on CFTR modulators, intranasal Fungizone treatment caused a statistically significant change in NPD. This change was similar in direction and magnitude to the effect of ivacaftor in people with a G551D mutation.ConclusionsOur results provide the first evidence that AmB can impact a clinical biomarker in people with CF. These results encourage additional clinical studies in people with CF to determine whether small molecule anion channels can provide benefit.
Document Routing as Statistical Classification (1996)

In this paper, we compare learning techniques based on statistical classification to traditional methods of relevance feedback for the document routing problem. We consider three classification techniques which have decision rules that are derived via explicit error minimization: linear discriminant analysis, logistic regression, and neural networks. We demonstrate that the classifiers perform 10-15% better than relevance feedback via Rocchio expansion for the TREC-2 and TREC-3 routing tasks. The Routing Problem Of the two classical information retrieval tasks 1 document routing is most amenable to machine learning. A fixed, standing query, and a training collection of judged documents 2 is provided and the task is to assess the relevance of a fresh set of test documents. This can clearly be approached as a problem of statistical text classification: documents are to be assigned to one of two categories, relevant or non-relevant, and inference is possible from the labeled document...
Soft-switching techniques for medium-voltage isolated bidirectional DC/DC converters in solid state transformers (2012)

Soft switching techniques are very attractive and often mandatory requirements in medium-voltage and medium-frequency applications such as solid state transformers. The effectiveness of these soft switching techniques is tightly related to the dynamic behavior of the internal stored charge in the utilized semiconductor devices. For this reason, this paper analyzes the behavior of the internal charge dynamics in high-voltage semiconductors, giving a clear base to understand the previously proposed zero-current-switching techniques for IGBT-based resonant dual-active-bridges. From these previous approaches, the two main concepts that allow switching loss reduction in high-voltage semiconductors are identified: 1) shaping of the conducted current in order to achieve a high recombination time in the previously conducting semiconductors and 2) achieving ZVS in the turning-on device. The means to implement these techniques in a triangular current mode dual-active-bridge converter together with the benefits of the proposed approaches are analyzed and experimentally verified with a 1:7 kV IGBT-based NPC bridge. Additionally, the impact of the modified currents in the converter's performance are quantified in order to determine the benefits of the introduced concepts in the overall converter.
Modeling surface deformations at complex strike‐slip plate boundaries (1988)

Two new versions of the physical base‐traction model of Li and Rice (1987) have been developed to study the loading processes and surface deformation near plate boundaries with geometric complexities, including a shallow creeping fault segment and two subparallel faults. Predictions of surface velocity and surface slip rate for the region between the San Andreas fault and the Pacific coast at the latitude of the Parkfield‐Cholame segment using model parameters based on geologic, geodetic, and seismic considerations were found to be in good agreement with contemporary geodetic field data (not used in constraining model parameters). Also, predicted surface velocity for the Salton Sea‐Coachella Valley area were fit to recently derived contemporary geodetic data and very large baseline interferometry data, although here the model parameters are not well constrained.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidation in Organophosphorus Chemistry: Potassium Peroxymonosulfate. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Information visualisation and visual analytics for governance and policy modelling (2010)

Abstract. Professionals involved in governance and policy modelling have seen a dramatic increase in the volume of potentially relevant data. As in many other knowledge-based fields today, policy makers face the problem of an information overload. Putting data from sources as diverse as blogs, online opinion polls and government reports to effective use is a task which requires new tools for their analysis and visualisation. In this paper, we introduce the research field known as Visual Analytics and we argue that it can help policy makers integrate large amounts of heterogeneous data into their decision-making processes. In so doing, Visual Analytics has the potential to increase not only the relevance, but also the legitimacy of policy decisions. In addition, policy modelling could provide the Visual Analytics community with new research challenges.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Hyperbranched Glycomimetics Recognized by the Human Mannose Receptor: Quinic or Shikimic Acid Derivatives as Mannose Bioisosteres. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The background for the use of hartmetals and MMCs based on Niobium Carbide (NbC) as cutting tools and for wear resistant tribosystems (2015)

In this present study, the mechanical properties (strength, hardness, moduli) and the dry sliding properties of stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric NbC were compared. Microhardness and elastic properties of NbC depend from the C/Nb ratio, because the binary phase diagram Nb-C shows a region of homogeneity of NbCx of 0,72≤ x ≤1.0. At RT, hard metals of stoichiometric NbC have an elastic modulus E of ~440 GPa, those of substochiometric NbC0,88 an E of 405 GPa. The hot hardness of sub-stoichiometric NbC is above 600°C higher than of WC. The dry sliding wear resistance (0,1-7/10 m/s) of the present Fe3Al-NbC0,94 with ~61 vol.-% NbC as hard phase was close to those known of NbC-based hard metals. No grain pull-outs or fragmentations of the NbC grains were seen in the wear tracks of the Fe3Al-NbC composite (MMC), as a metallurgical interphase was formed between matrix and NbC grains. Stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric niobium carbides have at RT and 400°C under dry sliding a prone intrinsic wear resistance more or less independent from sliding speed, either as hardmetal or as hard phase in metal matrix composite, associated with an exceptional high load carrying capacity.
Simple Discrete Control of Industrial Processes (Finite Time Settling Control Algorithm for Single-Loop Digital Controller) (1975)

Due to the rapid growth in LSI (large-scale integration) technology, it is now possible to consider implementing a discrete (digital) single-loop programmable controller. This paper discusses some software aspects of digital single-loop controllers for industrial processes. Based on the S-shaped response pattern typical in many industrial processes, a simple algorithm for a finite-time settling controller with an observer is proposed.
Compact, low profile antennas for MSAT and mini-M and Std-M land mobile satellite communications (1995)

CAL Corporation has developed a new class of low profile radiating elements for use in planar phased array antennas. These new elements have been used in the design of a low cost, compact, low profile antenna unit for MSAT and INMARSAT Mini-M land mobile satellite communications. The antenna unit which measures roughly 32 cm in diameter by 5 cm deep incorporates a compact LNA and diplexer unit as well as a complete, low cost, beam steering system. CAL has also developed a low profile antenna unit for INMARSAT-M land mobile satellite communications. A number of these units, which utilize a microstrip patch array design, were put into service in 1994.
Data-Driven Strain Design Using Aggregated Adaptive Laboratory Evolution Mutational Data (2021)

Abstract Microbes are being engineered for an increasingly large and diverse set of applications. However, the designing of microbial genomes remains challenging due to the general complexity of biological system. Adaptive Laboratory Evolution (ALE) leverages nature’s problem-solving processes to generate optimized genotypes currently inaccessible to rational methods. The large amount of public ALE data now represents a new opportunity for data-driven strain design. This study presents a novel and first of its kind meta-analysis workflow to derive data-driven strain designs from aggregate ALE mutational data using rich mutation annotations, statistical and structural biology methods. The mutational dataset consolidated and utilized in this study contained 63 Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 based ALE experiments, described by 93 unique environmental conditions, 357 independent evolutions, and 13,957 observed mutations. High-level trends across the entire dataset were established and revealed that ALE-derived strain designs will largely be gene-centric, as opposed to non-coding, and a relatively small number of variants (approx. 4) can significantly alter cellular states and provide benefits which range from an increase in fitness to a complete necessity for survival. Three novel experimentally validated designs relevant to metabolic engineering applications are presented as use cases for the workflow. Specifically, these designs increased growth rates with glycerol as a carbon source through a point mutation to glpK and a truncation to cyaA or increased tolerance to toxic levels of isobutyric acid through a pykF truncation. These results demonstrate how strain designs can be extracted from aggregated ALE data to enhance strain design efforts. Abstract Figure
User scheduling for coordinated dual satellite systems with linear precoding (2013)

The constantly increasing demand for interactive broadband satellite communications is driving current research towards novel system architectures that reuse frequency in a more aggressive manner. To this end, the topic of dual satellite systems, in which satellites share spatial (i.e. same coverage area) and spectral (i.e. full frequency reuse) degrees of freedom is introduced. In each multibeam satellite, multiuser interferences are mitigated by employing zero forcing precoding with realistic per antenna power constraints. However, the two sets of users that the transmitters are separately serving, interfere. The present contribution, proposes the partial cooperation, herein referred to as coordination, between the two coexisting transmitters in order to reduce interferences and enhance the performance of the whole system, while maintaining moderate system complexity. In this direction, a heuristic, iterative, low complexity algorithm that allocates users in the two interfering sets is proposed. This novel algorithm, improves the performance of each satellite and of the overall system, simultaneously. The first is achieved by maximizing the orthogonality between users allocated in the same set, hence optimizing the zero forcing performance, whilst the second by minimizing the level of interferences between the two sets. Simulation results show that the proposed method, compared to conventional techniques, significantly increases spectral efficiency.
THE SILENT GALLSTONE (1948)

Comfort, Mandred W. M.D.; Gray, Howard K. M.D.; Wilson, James M. M.D. Author Information
Intense Gamma Ray Pulses From Ultra-Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interactions (2021)

Multi-petawatt laser systems can produce conditions where quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects are important. The effects can lead to efficient generation of gamma rays and electron-positron pairs, suggesting the possibility of generating intense beams of electrons, positrons, and gammas. This talk reviews the fundamentals of QED processes under conditions relevant to ultra-relativistic laser-plasma interactions, and highlights recent efforts to extend the scattering matrix beyond those normally employed in numerical simulations. The QED particle-in-cell approach is described, and simulations predicting copious gamma ray production are discussed. The possibility of using structured light and vector beams to drive such interactions is explored.
Bent-beam electrothermal actuators-Part II: Linear and rotary microengines (2001)

For Part I see L. Que, J.S. Park and Y.B. Gianchandani, ibid., vol.10, pp.247-54 (2001). This paper reports on the use of bent-beam electrothermal actuators for the purpose of generating rotary and long-throw rectilinear displacements. The rotary displacements are achieved by orthogonally arranged pairs of cascaded actuators that are used to rotate a gear. Devices were fabricated using electroplated Ni, p/sup ++/ Si, and polysilicon as structural materials. Displacements of 20-30 /spl mu/m with loading forces >150 /spl mu/N at actuation voltages <12 V and power dissipation <300 mW could be achieved in the orthogonally arranged actuator pairs. A design that occupies <1 mm/sup 2/ area is presented. Long-throw rectilinear displacements were achieved by inchworm mechanisms in which pairs of opposing actuators grip and shift a central shank that is cantilevered on a flexible suspension. A passive lock holds the displaced shank between pushes and when the power is off. This arrangement permits large output forces to be developed at large displacements, and requires zero standby power. Several designs were fabricated using electroplated Ni as the structural material. Forces >200 /spl mu/N at displacements >100 /spl mu/m were measured.
Sensitivity of early-life-stage golden trout to low pH and elevated aluminum (1993)

Abstract Early-life-stage golden trout (Oncorhynchus aguabonita aguabonita) were exposed to acid and Al to examine the response and determine the sensitivity of a western, alpine salmonid to conditions simulating an episodic pH depression. Freshly fertilized eggs, alevins, and swim-up larvae were exposed for 7 d to one of 12 combinations of pH and Al, and surviving fish were held to 40 d post-hatch to determine the effect of exposure on subsequent survival and recovery. Golden trout are sensitive to conditions simulating episodic acidification events typically observed in the field. Significant mortality occurred when the pH of test waters was below 5.0 in the absence of Al or when pH was 5.5 in the presence of 100 μg/L total Al. Behavioral impairments were sensitive indicators of low pH and Al stress. Impaired locomotory and feeding behavior occurred at pH 5.5 without Al and at Al concentrations &amp;gt; 50 μg/L. In contrast, growth, RNA-to-DNA ratio, and whole-body ion concentration were relatively less sensitive indicators of sublethal acid and Al stress.
Butyrated ManNAc analog improves protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells (2018)

Abstract The chemical additive sodium butyrate (NaBu) has been applied in cell culture media as a direct and convenient method to increase the protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) and other mammalian cells. In this study, we examined an alternative chemical additive, 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc, for its effect on recombinant protein production in CHO. Supplementation with 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc for two stable CHO cell lines, expressing human erythropoietin or IgG, enhanced protein expression for both products with negligible impact on cell growth, viability, glucose utilization, and lactate accumulation. In contrast, sodium butyrate treatment resulted in a ∼20% decrease in maximal viable cell density and ∼30% decrease in cell viability at the end of cell cultures compared to untreated or 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc treated CHO cell lines for both products. While NaBu treatment enhanced product yields more than the 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc treatment, the NaBu treated cells also exhibited higher levels of caspase 3 positive cells using microscopy analysis. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of four cell apoptosis genes (Cul2, BAK, BAX, and BCL2L11) were up‐regulated more in sodium butyrate treated wild‐type, erythropoietin, or IgG expressing CHO‐K1 cell lines while most of the mRNA levels of apoptosis genes in 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc treated cell lines remained equal or increased only slightly compared to the levels in untreated CHO cell lines. Finally, lectin blot analysis revealed that the 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc‐treated cells displayed higher relative sialylation levels on recombinant EPO, consistent with the effect of the ManNAc component of this additive, compared to control while NaBu treatment led to lower sialylation levels than control, or 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc‐treatment. These findings demonstrate that 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc has fewer negative effects on cell cytotoxicity and apoptosis, perhaps as a result of a more deliberate uptake and release of the butyrate compounds, while simultaneously increasing the expression of multiple recombinant proteins, and improving the glycosylation characteristics when applied at comparable molarity levels to NaBu. Thus, 1,3,4‐ O ‐Bu 3 ManNAc represents a highly promising media additive alternative in cell culture for improving protein yields without sacrificing cell mass and product quality in future bioproduction processes.
Cover Picture: Long‐Lived States to Monitor Protein Unfolding by Proton NMR (ChemPhysChem 15/2011) (2011)

Long-lived spin states (LLSs) can be used in proton NMR to extract information about the environment and local motions of selected amino acids in a protein. LLSs were encoded and sustained in the terminal glycines of ubiquitin, as well as in serine 65, in order to investigate the effect on protein stability of factors such as urea addition, changes of pH, or residue mutations. This work is presented on p. 2729 by P. R. Vasos et al.
Angiotensin II induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and -2 expression in vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells. (1995)

Angiotensin II (AII)- and Arg8-vasopressin (AVP)-regulated gene expression in vascular cells has been reported to contribute to vascular homeostasis and hypertrophy. In this report, AVP-induced expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-2 mRNA in rat microvessel endothelial (RME) cells was identified using differential mRNA display. Further characterization of vasoactive peptide effects on PAI expression revealed that AII stimulated a 44.8 +/- 25.2-fold and a 12.4 +/- 3.2-fold increase in PAI-2 mRNA in RME cells and rat aortic smooth muscle cells (RASMC), respectively. AII also stimulated a 10- and 48-fold increase in PAI-1 mRNA in RME cells and RASMC, respectively. These AII effects were inhibited by either Sar1, Ile8-angiotensin or the AT1 antagonist DuP 735, but were not significantly altered in the presence of the AT2 antagonist PD123319. AII stimulation of RASMC and RME cells also significantly increased both PAI-1 protein and PAI activity released to the culture medium. Inhibition of protein kinase C completely blocked PMA-stimulated induction of PAI-2 mRNA in both cell types and inhibited the AII-stimulated increase in RASMC by 98.6 +/- 2.8%. In contrast, protein kinase C inhibition only partially decreased the AII-stimulated PAI-2 expression in RME cells by 68.8 +/- 11.1%, suggesting that a protein kinase C-independent mechanism contributes to a 6.9 +/- 1.5-fold AII induction of PAI-2 expression in endothelial cells. AII and PMA also stimulated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in RME cells, and the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein partially blocked their induction of PAI-2 mRNA. These findings suggest that AII may regulate plasminogen activation in the vasculature by inducing both PAI-1 and PAI-2 expression.
Frequency comparison between optical lattice clocks (2007)

Two "optical lattice clocks", which based on spin-polarized fermionic <sup>87</sup>Sr trapped in a one-dimensional optical lattice and on bosonic <sup>88</sup>Sr in a three-dimensional lattice, were operated simultaneously. From a beat note between the two optical clocks, stability as well as accuracy of "optical lattice clocks" were evaluated. We report the progress of the measurements.
Search Engines: From the Lab to the Engine Room, and Back (2022)

Prabhakar Raghavan has given a Keynote Talk at The ACM Web Conference 2022 on Wednesday 27th April 2022. This paper provides a summary of the topics he addressed during his talk.
Series misdemeanors (2013)

Puiseux series are power series in which the exponents can be fractional and/or negative rational numbers. Several computer algebra systems have one or more built-in or loadable functions for computing truncated Puiseux series -- perhaps generalized to allow coefficients containing functions of the series variable that are dominated by any power of that variable, such as logarithms and nested logarithms of the series variable. Some computer-algebra systems also offer functions that can compute more-general truncated recursive hierarchical series. However, for all of these kinds of truncated series there are important implementation details that haven't been addressed before in the published literature and in current implementations. For implementers this article contains ideas for designing more convenient, correct, and efficient implementations or improving existing ones. For users, this article is a warning about some of these limitations. More specifically, this article discusses issues such as avoiding unnecessary restrictions such as prohibiting negative or fractional requested orders, the pros and cons of displaying results with explicit infectious error terms of the form o (...), O (...), and/or θ(...), efficient data structures, and algorithms that efficiently give users exactly the order or number of nonzero terms they request. . Most of the ideas in this article have been implemented in the computer-algebra within the TI-Nspire calculator, Windows and Macintosh products.