gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propionyl-L-carnitine limits chronic ventricular dilation after myocardial infarction in rats (1993)

To determine whether propionyl-L-carnitine (PLC) administration ameliorates ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction, we performed coronary occlusion in rats and examined the long-term effects of the drug 19-24 wk after surgery. In view of the well-established role of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors in the reduction of ventricular dilation after infarction, the therapeutic impact of oral PLC (60 mg/kg) was compared with that of enalapril (1 mg/kg). Infarct size measured planimetrically was found to be comparable in untreated, PLC-treated, and enalapril-treated rats, averaging 40-46% of the left ventricular free wall. Heart weight was increased 14, 16, and 11% with no treatment, with PLC, and with enalapril, respectively. The relationship between left ventricular filling pressure and chamber volume demonstrated that PLC and enalapril significantly prevented the expansion in cavitary size after infarction. These protective influences were observed throughout the range of filling pressures measured, from 0 to 30 mmHg. At a uniform reference point of filling pressure of 4 mmHg, untreated infarcted hearts showed an expansion in ventricular volume of 2.17-fold (P < 0.0001). Corresponding increases in this parameter after PLC and enalapril were 36 and 43%, respectively, both not statistically significant. Moreover, PLC was capable of reducing the alterations in myocardial compliance associated with myocardial infarction. In conclusion, PLC reduces the magnitude of decompensated eccentric hypertrophy produced by myocardial infarction in a manner similar to that found with ACE inhibition.
Nonmanipulable Collective Decision-Making for Games (2012)

This chapter explores a new approach that may be used in game development to help human players and/or non-player characters make collective decisions. The chapter describes how previous work can be applied to allow game players to form a consensus from a simple range of possible outcomes in such a way that no player can manipulate it at the expense of the other players. Then, the text extends that result and shows how nonmanipulable consensus can be found in higher-dimensional outcome spaces. The results may be useful when developing artificial intelligence for non-player characters or constructing frameworks to aid cooperation among human players.
Quantitative characterization of mechanically indented in vivo human skin in adults and infants using optical coherence tomography (2017)

Influenced by both the intrinsic viscoelasticity of the tissue constituents and the time-evolved redistribution of fluid within the tissue, the biomechanical response of skin can reflect not only localized pathology but also systemic physiology of an individual. While clinical diagnosis of skin pathologies typically relies on visual inspection and manual palpation, a more objective and quantitative approach for tissue characterization is highly desirable. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an interferometry-based imaging modality that enables in vivo assessment of cross-sectional tissue morphology with micron-scale resolution, which surpasses those of most standard clinical imaging tools, such as ultrasound imaging and magnetic resonance imaging. This pilot study investigates the feasibility of characterizing the biomechanical response of in vivo human skin using OCT. OCT-based quantitative metrics were developed and demonstrated on the human subject data, where a significant difference between deformed and nondeformed skin was revealed. Additionally, the quantified postindentation recovery results revealed differences between aged (adult) and young (infant) skin. These suggest that OCT has the potential to quantitatively assess the mechanically perturbed skin as well as distinguish different physiological conditions of the skin, such as changes with age or disease.
More than 10 years after commercialization, Vip3A-expressing MIR162 remains highly efficacious in controlling major Lepidopteran maize pests: laboratory resistance selection versus field reality (2023)

MIR162, a maize event that expresses Vip3Aa20 (Vip3A) approved for commercial cultivation around 2010, has been excellent for control of major Lepidopteran pests. However, development of fall armyworm (FAW) resistance to Vip3A is a serious concern. Resistant colonies selected in the laboratory can serve as valuable tools not only for better understanding of Vip3A's mode of action (MOA) and mechanism of resistance (MOR) but also for screening novel leads of new MOA that will help control FAW in case resistance to Vip3A in the field becomes a reality. We selected a Vip3A-resistant FAW strain, FAW<sub>Vip3A</sub>R, by subjecting a FAW founder population containing field genetics to Vip3A exposure. FAW<sub>Vip3A</sub>R had >9800-fold resistance to Vip3A by diet surface overlay bioassays and resistance was stable. Feeding bioassays using detached leaf tissues or whole plants indicated that FAW<sub>Vip3A</sub>R larvae readily fed and completed the full life cycle on Vip3A-expressing MIR162 maize plants and leaf tissues that killed 100% of susceptible larvae. Yet, FAW<sub>Vip3A</sub>R faced at least two challenges. First, FAW<sub>Vip3A</sub>R suffered an apparent disadvantage (incomplete resistance) when feeding on MIR162 in comparison to FAW<sub>Vip3A</sub>R feeding on Vip3A-free isoline AX5707 maize; and second, FAW<sub>Vip3A</sub>R showed a fitness costs in comparison to a Vip3A-susceptible strain when both fed on AX5707. We also demonstrated that, >10 years after commercialization, MIR162 and Vip3A remain highly efficacious against field populations of three major Lepidopteran pests from different geographic locations and FAW strains resistant to other Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins that are currently on the market.
Simultane doppelte lebende Polymerisationen – ein neuer einstufiger Zugang zu Block- und Pfropf-Copolymeren (1998)

In nur einem Schritt gelingt die Synthese von Blockpolymeren durch gleichzeitig ablaufende, lebende/kontrollierte Ringöffnungs- und radikalische Polymerisation, wenn ein bifunktioneller Initiator (rechts als Ellipse mit den funktionellen Gruppen A und B dargestellt) zugegeben wurde.
Evaluation of cellular coverage solutions for an indoor DECT system using a 3D ray tracing technique (2002)

A simulation of a DECT (Digital European Cordless Telecommunications) system with multiple transceivers per base station (BS) using a 3D-ray tracing propagation model has been performed in a realistic indoor environment. Results show that the DECT (operating at a frequency of 1880-1900 MHz) system performance can be quite different from those predicted with simpler empirical/statistical propagation models as they do not account for the influence of building typology and base station placement on the propagation mechanism. Therefore, a deeper insight into the propagation mechanisms and a more accurate performance evaluation can be obtained especially when a high number of BSs is used to meet a high traffic density.
Enhanced Diameter Bounding via Structural (2004)

Bounded model checking (BMC) has gained widespread industrial use due to its relative scalability. Its exhaustiveness over all valid input vectors allows it to expose arbitrarily complex design flaws. However, BMC is limited to analyzing only a specific time window, hence will only expose those flaws which manifest within that window and thus cannot readily prove correctness. The diameter of a design has thus become an important concept -- a bounded check of depth equal to the diameter constitutes a complete proof. While the diameter of a design may be exponential in the number of its state elements, in practice it often ranges from tens to a few hundred regardless of design size. Therefore, a powerful diameterover-approximation technique may enable automatic proofs that otherwise would be infeasible. Unfortunately, exact diameter calculation requires exponential resources, and over-approximation techniques may yield exponentially loose bounds. In this paper, we provide a general approach for enabling the use of structural transformations, such as redundancy removal, retiming, and target enlargement, to tighten the bounds obtained by arbitrary diameterapproximation techniques. Numerous experiments demonstrate that this approach may significantly increase the set of designs for which practically useful diameter bounds may be obtained.
Field driven ferromagnetic phase nucleation and propagation in antiferromagnetically coupled multilayer films with perpendicular anisotropy (2008)

We investigate the reversal process in {[Co∕Pt]X−1Co∕Ru}×16∕[Co∕Pt]X multilayer films by magnetometry and magnetic transmission x-ray microscopy. After demagnetization, a stable one-dimensional ferromagnetic (FM) stripe domain phase (tiger-tail phase) for a thick sample (X=7) is imaged, while metastable sharp antiferromagnetic domain walls are observed in the remanent state for a thinner stack sample (X=6). When applying an external magnetic field the sharp domain walls of the thinner sample gradually transform into the FM phase via separate nucleation of many isolated FM domains all along the domain boundary. We present energy calculations that reveal the underlying energetics driving the overall reversal mechanism.
Comparison Method of Biomechanical Analysis of Trans-Tibial Amputee Gait with a Mechanical Test Machine Simulation (2021)

Energy-storing-and-returning prosthetic feet are frequently recommended for lower limb amputees. Functional performance and stiffness characteristics are evaluated by state-of-the-art biomechanical testing, while it is common practice for design engineers and researchers to use test machines to measure stiffness. The correlation between user-specific biomechanical measures and machine evaluation has not been thoroughly investigated, and mechanical testing for ramps is limited. In this paper, we propose a novel test method to assess prosthetic foot stiffness properties in the sagittal plane. First, biomechanical data were collected on five trans-tibial users using a variable stiffness prosthetic foot on a split-belt treadmill. Gait trials were performed on level ground and on an incline and a decline of 7.5°. The same prosthetic foot was tested on a roll-over test machine for the three terrains. The sagittal ankle moment and angle were compared for the two test methods. The dorsiflexion moment and angle were similar, while more variability was observed in the plantarflexion results. A good correlation was found for level-ground walking, while decline walking showed the largest differences in the results of the maximum angles. The roll-over test machine is a useful tool to speed up design iterations with a set design goal prior to user testing.
RADIATIVE COUPLING EFFECTS IN GaInPIGaAslGe MULTIJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS (2003)

Direct measurements of radiative coupling cffects in GalnPIGaAsiGe multijunction solar cells are presented. Radiative coupling between the GaInP and GaAs cells is observed by using isotype cells as well as specially fabricated 3-terminal device structures. Spectral response measurements of the GaAs cell in both isotype and 3-terminal approaches are shown to exhibit enhanced quantum efficiency in the short wavelength region under favorable radiative coupling conditions. Additionally, electroluminescence of the GaInP cell is shown to enhance the current output from the GaAs cell using a 3-terminal device structure. One consequence of this effect is the possible influence on the measured J-ratio of a multijunction cell. Consideration of radiative coupling may become increasingly important as multijunction 111-V based solar cells - including 4- and 5junction cells - continue to develop and improve in performance.
Automated detection of action potentials in interferometric imaging of spiking cells (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Wide-field interferometric imaging systems can detect mechanical deformations of a cell during an action potential (AP), such as in quantitative phase microscopy, which is highly sensitive to the changing optical path length. This enables non-invasive optophysiology of spiking cells without exogeneous markers, but high-fidelity imaging of such deformations requires averaging of a large number of spikes synchronized by electrical recordings. We have developed new iterative methods for detecting single APs from quantitative phase microscopy of spiking cells, enabling an all-optical detection system with high accuracy and good temporal resolution. We demonstrate performance of the method across multiple preparations of spiking HEK-293 cells and compare the outcomes of the all-optical measurements with the ground truth detected on a multi-electrode array. We initially use a spike-triggered average, synchronized to an electrical recording, to measure deformations during the AP in spiking cells, which reach up to 3 nm (0.9 mrad) with a rise time of 4 ms and fall time of about 120 ms. Based on this knowledge of the AP dynamics, optical data analysis can provide reliable spike detection, within a standard deviation of 11.6 ms (9.7% of the length of the action potential) with an 8.5% false negative detection rate. The method is robust to natural variations between cells and can be modified to function without any prior knowledge of the AP dynamics. Such a system could achieve high-throughput measurements of network activity in culture and help identify the mechanisms linking cell deformations to the changes of transmembrane potential.
Multiplexing video traffic using frame-skipping aggregation technique (2002)

MPEG is a popular compression standard used in many multimedia applications. In video distribution systems, a CBR communications channel is often shared among several VBR MPEG video streams. Since there are fluctuations of data rates in video streams, traffic congestion may occur and video quality may be affected. We propose a frame-skipping aggregation technique to multiplex several MPEG streams (outside the network) to feed into a CBR channel (within the network). The salient feature of the scheme is that the transmission of bi-directionally predicted frames will be slipped (outside the network) before the onset of traffic congestion so as to minimize the image quality degradation. Our result shows that using this technique, more users can be supported compared to regular video transmission systems. This technique allows us to adopt a simple call admission strategy in which video requests are granted based on their mean rates.
The memory integrated network interface (2005)

We are designing a zero-copy ATM interface call MINI, the Memory Integrated Network Interface. MR41 has a target bandwidth of I Gbits/sec and will support appli cation-to-application latency of 1.3 microseconds. MINI is a multi-user ATM interface which resides in the mem ory space of the computer system, as opposed to 1/0 space. Applications will have direct access to pages of memory which are used for the network 1/0-, thus appli cations can send and receive packets with no operating system support needed. An application can initiate packet transmission with one memory write; it can determine if a packet has arrived by checking a per-cir cuit control and status word. At the same time, the oper ating system can use MINI for its own communications and for supporting standard networking software. such as TCPAP and NFS. Initial structural VHDL simulations have shown that for single ATM cells we can "bounce'an ATM cell from appli cation to application in a round-trip-time of 39 microsec onds (including pollaig and copy urne on the relaying no&), at a bandwidth of 10 Mbyfts/secW. For 960-byte packets, the bandwidth is 103 Mbytes/second. The architecture of MINI is motivated by our experiences with applications we have run in cluster and computing envimnments. We have used from 48 to 200 computers per application, and have observed dot success ful applications am ones that use the network very bale. The MRSU design is targeted at the kinds of applications we can not curwridy run, those that need to send or receive data at very frequent intervals.
Low-Fatigue Hand Controller For Remote Manipulator (1993)

Universal master controller used in brace mode, in which user's forearm rests atop upper (forearm) module. Alternatively, user manipulates hand controller in side mode, which gives greater latitude for motion but requires more muscular effort. Controller provides six degrees of freedom and reflects, back to user, scaled versions of forces experienced by manipulator. Manipulator designed to condense work space into user's natural work volume. Operated by both right-handed and left-handed users. Does not interfere with user's natural movements or obstruct line of sight. Controller compact and portable.
Library Generation via Postcondensation Modifications of Isocyanide‐Based Multicomponent Reactions (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Model Predictive Idle Speed Control: Design, Analysis, and Experimental Evaluation (2011)

Idle speed control is a landmark application of feedback control in automotive vehicles that continues to be of significant interest to automotive industry practitioners, since improved idle performance and robustness translate into better fuel economy, emissions and drivability. In this paper, we develop a model predictive control (MPC) strategy for regulating the engine speed to the idle speed set-point by actuating the electronic throttle and the spark timing. The MPC controller coordinates the two actuators according to a specified cost function, while explicitly taking into account constraints on the control and requirements on the acceptable engine speed range, e.g., to avoid engine stalls. Following a process proposed here for the implementation of MPC in automotive applications, an MPC controller is obtained with excellent performance and robustness as demonstrated in actual vehicle tests. In particular, the MPC controller performs better than an existing baseline controller in the vehicle, is robust to changes in operating conditions, and to different types of disturbances. It is also shown that the MPC computational complexity is well within the capability of production electronic control unit and that the improved performance achieved by the MPC controller can translate into fuel economy improvements.
Colonic Bacteria-Transformed Catechin Metabolite Response to Cytokine Production by Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (2019)

Human gut microbes are a profitable tool for the modification of food compounds into biologically active metabolites. The biological properties of catechins have been extensively investigated. However, the bioavailability of catechin in human blood plasma is very low. This study aimed to determine the biotransformed catechin metabolites and their bioactive potentials for modulating the immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Biotransformation of catechin was carried out using in-vitro gut microbial biotransformation method, the transformed metabolites were identified and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Present observations confirmed that the catechin was biotransformed into 11 metabolites upon microbial dehydroxylation and C ring cleavage. Further, immunomodulatory potential of catechin metabolites was analyzed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). We found up-regulation of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-4, IL-10) and down-regulation of pro-inflammatory (IL-16, IL-12B) cytokine may be due to Th2 immune response. In conclusion, biotransformed catechin metabolites enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines which is beneficial for overcoming inflammatory disorders.
Preoperative serum microRNAs as potential prognostic biomarkers in ovarian clear cell carcinoma (2023)

Preoperative serum miRNA profiles of miR-150-3p, miR-3195, and miR-7704 can be used to potentially predict the prognosis of patients with OCCC.
Supplementary Fig. S2 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S2 from Gemcitabine sensitization by checkpoint kinase 1 inhibition correlates with inhibition of a Rad51 DNA damage response in pancreatic cancer cells
Excess noise in GaAs and AlGaAs avalanche photodiodes with GaSb absorption regions—composite structures grown using interfacial misfit arrays (2014)

Interfacial misfit arrays were embedded within two avalanche photodiode (APD) structures. This allowed GaSb absorption layers to be combined with wide-bandgap multiplication regions, consisting of GaAs and Al0.8Ga0.2As, respectively. The GaAs APD represents the simplest case. The Al0.8Ga0.2As APD shows reduced dark currents of 5.07 μAcm−2 at 90% of the breakdown voltage, and values for effective k=β/α below 0.2. Random-path-length modeled excess noise is compared with experimental data, for both samples. The designs could be developed further, allowing operation to be extended to longer wavelengths, using other established absorber materials which are lattice matched to GaSb.
Assessment of candidate ocular biomarkers of ageing in a South African adult population: Relationship with chronological age and systemic biomarkers (2013)

Certain anatomic and functional parameters of the eye change with increasing chronological age. They may, therefore, serve as potential biomarkers of ageing. We investigated associations between four such ocular parameters (lens density, retinal vessel calibre, corneal endothelial cells and retinal nerve fibre layer thickness) and two 'cellular' biomarkers of ageing (leukocyte telomere length and CDKN2A expression), with frailty (a clinical correlate of biological ageing) in a population of South African adults. All ocular parameters revealed an association with either telomere length or CDKN2A expression. However, lens density was most strongly correlated with age, increased CDKN2A expression, and with frailty (p=0.05 and 0.03, respectively). Narrow retinal arteriolar diameter, associated with increased chronological age, was also associated with increased CDK2NA expression (0.42 vs. 0.31, p=0.02) but not with frailty. Ocular parameters may aid in determining biological age, warranting investigation in longitudinal studies.
<title>Color designing and simulation in nonconventional printing process</title> (1994)

The conventional printing technologies use the standard four ink (yellow, magenta, cyan, and black) process. In some special cases, an unconventional ink set printing process can be selected. The unconventional inks set printing process uses a particular set of inks, selected according to the image to be reproduced. The inks are deposited on the substrate material in a certain order, through individual ink masks. Designing the unconventional printing process requires us to find the ink color set, named primary color palette, the sequence of ink mask printing, and the individual ink masks (color separation). In addition to the primary color palette, the secondary color palette is defined as the set of all the color combinations resulting by overlapping the ink masks after the complete printing process. A single primary color palette may conduct after printing process to a number of different secondary color palettes. This paper provides a color separation method which converts the input color components to the ink mask values that determine the amount of ink deposited on the substrate. The separation process depends essentially on the color calibration process that determines the colors of the secondary palette. The color calibration is accomplished using the printed samples. The calibration process conducts to a hierarchical structure of color combinations of the secondary color palette. The simulation of the printed colors is described, based on the generalized Neugebauer model for an arbitrary number of inks and an arbitrary set of inks. The color hierarchy established during the calibration process is used to derive the coefficients of the Neugebauer model.