gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel W-Trough Concentrator Optimizing the Acceptance Angle and Cell Illumination Uniformity (2022)

In this work a novel compound W-trough based solar concentrator for photovoltaic applications is proposed. The proposed concentrator consists of flat reflectors that are easy to fabricate. The concentrator has a 3D configuration that offers superior effective concentration ratio compared to conventional 2D configuration. The concentrator features large acceptance angles in the x-direction, which promote its application in tracking free concentrators. The proposed design allows fine-tuning for acceptance angle based on the concentrator opening angle (i.e. trough angle). Finally, tuning the compound concentrator face angles is shown to be effective in improving the effective concentration ratio by about 21% and the illumination uniformity by about 49%.
Association of newly replicated DNA with the nuclear matrix of Physarum polycephalum (1981)

We have studied the role of the nuclear matrix in DNA replication in a naturally synchronized eucaryote, Physarum polycephalum. When P. polycephalum. When P. polycephalum macroplasmodia were pulse labeled with 3H-thymidine, the DNA remaining tightly associated with the matrix was highly enriched in newly synthesized DNA. This enrichment was found both in nuclei that had just initiated DNA replication as well as in nuclei isolated later during S phase. Pulse chase experiments showed that the association of newly replicated DNA with the matrix is transient, since most of the newly replicated DNA could be chased from the matrix by incubating pulse labeled macroplasmodia in media containing unlabeled thymidine. Studies measuring the size distribution of the matrix DNA supported the hypothesis that replication forks are attached to the nuclear matrix. Reconstitution controls indicated that these results were unlikely to be due to preferential, nonspecific binding of nascent DNA to the matrix during the extraction procedures. These results with P. polycephalum in combination with previous studies in non-synchronized rodent cells, suggest that the association of newly replicated DNA with the nuclear matrix may be a general feature of eucaryotic DNA replication.
A replica-biased 50% duty cycle PLL architecture with 1× VCO (2003)

A replica-biased PLL providing wider-frequency-range lower-power consumption and improved clock jitter and loop stability, is fabricated in 0.13/spl mu/m CMOS technology. A wide common-mode input range, matched-current amplifier provides a stable duty cycle at all operating conditions. In comparison of 1/spl times/ and 2/spl times/ VCO architecture, the 1/spl times/ VCO shows improved core timing.
Resistance ofBemisia tabaci (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) to insecticides in southern Spain with special reference to neonicotinoids (2000)

The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) which occurs in various parts of the world, has developed a high degree of resistance against several chemical classes of insecticide, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The present studies were done in order to monitor the susceptibility of whitefly populations in southern Spain to insecticides commonly used there. Systemic bioassays using Spanish field populations of B tabaci collected in 1994, 1996 and 1998 indicated an increase, albeit a slow one, in resistance to imidacloprid over this period. Comparative studies of other neonicotinoids using the same bioassay revealed a high degree of cross-resistance to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. Leaf-dip bioassays with adult females from these populations revealed a high level of resistance to cyfluthrin, endosulfan, monocrotophos, methamidophos, and pymetrozine, each at 200 mg litre−1. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were tested against second-instar nymphs and eggs, respectively. Buprofezin also showed a lower efficacy against ESP-98, a strain of B tabaci received from Almeria in 1998, but pyriproxyfen resistance was not obvious when tested against eggs of strain ESP-98. Field trials in 1998 revealed good efficacy of imidacloprid in one farm in the Almeria region and two greenhouses in Murcia and Sevilla, but a loss of activity by imidacloprid in another farm in the Almeria region. Cross-resistance between imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was also confirmed under field conditions. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Clinical utility and impact of the use of the chromogenic vs one‐stage factor activity assays in haemophilia A and B (2019)

Treatment of haemophilia A/B patients comprises factor VIII (FVIII) or factor IX (FIX) concentrate replacement therapy, respectively. FVIII and FIX activity levels can be measured in clinical laboratories using one-stage activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-based clotting or two-stage chromogenic factor activity assays. We discuss strengths and limitations of these assays, providing examples of clinical scenarios to highlight some of the challenges associated with their current use for diagnostic and monitoring purposes. Substantial inter-laboratory variability has been reported for one-stage assays when measuring the activity of factor replacement products due to the wide range of currently available aPTT reagents, calibration standards, factor-deficient plasmas, assay conditions and instruments. Chromogenic activity assays may avoid some limitations associated with one-stage assays, but their regulatory status, perceived higher cost, and lack of laboratory expertise may influence their use. Haemophilia management guidelines recommend the differential application of one or both assays for initial diagnosis and disease severity characterisation, post-infusion monitoring and replacement factor potency labelling. Efficient communication between clinical and laboratory staff is crucial to ensure application of the most appropriate assay to each clinical situation, correct interpretation of assay results and, ultimately, accurate diagnosis and optimal and safe treatment of haemophilia A or B patients.
<title>Automatic processing of patient's ID on a x-ray film with recognition technique for characters</title> (1994)

By using a film digitizer it is possible to digitize X-ray film images with high quality. But from a practical point of view, conventional film digitizer systems are not satisfactory, because the identification of each film, that is indispensable for an image filing system, should be manually recorded. This procedure takes a long time and is cumbersome. In this paper we propose an automatic recognition method of film IDs using Synthetic Discriminant Function filters with an error check code, which greatly improves the recognition ratio. From experimental results it is confirmed that the proposed method is practically feasible. A full automatic film digitizer system is also described.
Role and Therapeutic Potential of VEGF in the Nervous System (2009)

The development of the nervous and vascular systems constitutes primary events in the evolution of the animal kingdom; the former provides electrical stimuli and coordination, while the latter supplies oxygen and nutrients. Both systems have more in common than originally anticipated. Perhaps the most striking observation is that angiogenic factors, when deregulated, contribute to various neurological disorders, such as neurodegeneration, and might be useful for the treatment of some of these pathologies. The prototypic example of this cross-talk between nerves and vessels is the vascular endothelial growth factor or VEGF. Although originally described as a key angiogenic factor, it is now well established that VEGF also plays a crucial role in the nervous system. We describe the molecular properties of VEGF and its receptors and review the current knowledge of its different functions and therapeutic potential in the nervous system during development, health, disease and in medicine.
Urethral Reconstruction Before Renal Transplantation (1983)

Herein we report the first case of reconstruction of a long-standing transected proximal urethra, following a pelvic fracture and resultant rectourethral fistula before renal transplantation. This case supports the viewpoint that before creation of a supravesical diversion in potential transplant patients with lower urinary tract dysfunction, reconstruction of the lower urinary tract should be attempted when there is a reasonable chance for successful outcome.
Mammalian TRPV4 (VR-OAC) directs behavioral responses to osmotic and mechanical stimuli in Caenorhabditis elegans (2003)

All animals detect osmotic and mechanical stimuli, but the molecular basis for these responses is incompletely understood. The vertebrate transient receptor potential channel vanilloid subfamily 4 (TRPV4) (VR-OAC) cation channel has been suggested to be an osmo/mechanosensory channel. To assess its function in vivo, we expressed TRPV4 in Caenorhabditis elegans sensory neurons and examined its ability to generate behavioral responses to sensory stimuli. C. elegans ASH neurons function as polymodal sensory neurons that generate a characteristic escape behavior in response to mechanical, osmotic, or olfactory stimuli. These behaviors require the TRPV channel OSM-9 because osm-9 mutants do not avoid nose touch, high osmolarity, or noxious odors. Expression of mammalian TRPV4 in ASH neurons of osm-9 worms restored avoidance responses to hypertonicity and nose touch, but not the response to odorant repellents. Mutations known to reduce TRPV4 channel activity also reduced its ability to direct nematode avoidance behavior. TRPV4 function in ASH required the endogenous C. elegans osmotic and nose touch avoidance genes ocr-2, odr-3, osm-10, and glr-1, indicating that TRPV4 is integrated into the normal ASH sensory apparatus. The osmotic and mechanical avoidance responses of TRPV4-expressing animals were different in their sensitivity and temperature dependence from the responses of wild-type animals, suggesting that the TRPV4 channel confers its characteristic properties on the transgenic animals' behavior. These results provide evidence that TRPV4 can function as a component of an osmotic/mechanical sensor in vivo.
MORAb-202, an Antibody–Drug Conjugate Utilizing Humanized Anti-human FRα Farletuzumab and the Microtubule-targeting Agent Eribulin, has Potent Antitumor Activity (2018)

Microtubule-targeting agents (MTA) have been investigated for many years as payloads for antibody-drug conjugates (ADC). In many cases, these ADCs have shown limited benefits due to lack of efficacy or significant toxicity, which has spurred continued investigation into novel MTA payloads for next-generation ADCs. In this study, we have developed ADCs using the MTA eribulin, a derivative of the macrocyclic polyether natural product halichondrin B, as a payload. Eribulin ADCs demonstrated <i>in vitro</i> potency and specificity using various linkers and two different conjugation approaches. MORAb-202 is an investigational agent that consists of the humanized anti-human folate receptor alpha (FRA) antibody farletuzumab conjugated via reduced interchain disulfide bonds to maleimido-PEG<sub>2</sub>-valine-citrulline-<i>p</i>-aminobenzylcarbamyl-eribulin at a drug-to-antibody ratio of 4.0. MORAb-202 displayed preferable biophysical properties and broad potency across a number of FRA-positive tumor cell lines as well as demonstrated improved specificity <i>in vitro</i> compared with farletuzumab conjugated with a number of other MTA payloads, including MMAE, MMAF, and the reducible maytansine linker-payload sulfo-SPDB-DM4. A single-dose administration of MORAb-202 in FRA-positive human tumor cell line xenograft and patient-derived tumor xenograft models elicited a robust and durable antitumor response. These data support further investigation of MORAb-202 as a potential new treatment modality for FRA-positive cancers, using the novel MTA eribulin as a payload.
Étude simultanée de la synonymie et de l'antonymie en contexte par analyse distributionnelle contrainte (2005)

Revue électronique : Texte et Corpus, ISSN 1958-5306.<br>LiCoRN : Groupe de recherche en lexicographie, corpus et ressources numériques. <br>Sous la direction de Geoffrey Williams. <br>Texte et corpus 2005.<br>Actes des JLC 4.
Effect of palm-based tocotrienols and tocopherol mixture supplementation on platelet aggregation in subjects with metabolic syndrome: a randomised controlled trial (2017)

Tocotrienols, the unsaturated form of vitamin E, were reported to modulate platelet aggregation and thrombotic mechanisms in pre-clinical studies. Using a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved cartridge-based measurement system, a randomised, double-blind, crossover and placebo-controlled trial involving 32 metabolic syndrome adults was conducted to investigate the effect of palm-based tocotrienols and tocopherol (PTT) mixture supplementation on platelet aggregation reactivity. The participants were supplemented with 200 mg (69% tocotrienols and 31% α-tocopherol) twice daily of PTT mixture or placebo capsules for 14 days in a random order. After 14 days, each intervention was accompanied by a postprandial study, in which participants consumed 200 mg PTT mixture or placebo capsule after a meal. Blood samples were collected on day 0, day 14 and during postprandial for the measurement of platelet aggregation reactivity. Subjects went through a 15-day washout period before commencement of subsequent intervention. Fasting platelet aggregation reactivity stimulated with adenosine diphosphate (ADP) did not show substantial changes after supplementation with PTT mixture compared to placebo (p = 0.393). Concomitantly, changes in postprandial platelet aggregation reactivity remained similar between PTT mixture and placebo interventions (p = 0.408). The results of this study highlight the lack of inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation after short-term supplementation of PTT mixture in participants with metabolic syndrome.
Emerging polymeric materials in additive manufacturing for use in biomedical applications (2019)

Additive manufacturing is poised to enable the next biomedical revolution, where customized, patient-specific tools, therapies, pharmaceuticals, and even replacement organs are taking strides in the biomedical research and development space. Polymeric materials are capable of making inroads in a wide variety of biomedical applications, and in recent years a growing number are being used with additive manufacturing techniques. This review highlights some of the emerging classes of polymers used in additive manufacturing and examples of their use in biomedical applications, with a focus on the delineation of ‘hard’ polymers versus ‘soft’ polymers and the specific applications where they are utilized.
One-step hydroxylation of aryl and heteroaryl fluorides using mechanochemistry (2022)

Simple use of KOH allows the direct F to OH exchange of aromatic and heteroaromatic substrates under mechanochemical conditions.
Endophytes from the crop wild relative Hordeum secalinum L. improve agronomic traits in unstressed and salt-stressed barley (2018)

Agricultural crops growing in saline soils produce sub-optimal yields due to the negative effects of excess salts on plant growth and development. Salinity stress for crops is likely to increase as a result of climate change and the consequent salinisation of soils, particularly in coastal areas. In this study, we recovered fungal endophytes from the seeds of the wild barley relative Hordeum secalinum and tested their effects on a barley cultivar grown in a controlled environment under four levels of continuously applied salt stress: 0, 75, 150 and 250 mM NaCl. For the unstressed plants and plants stressed with 75 mM NaCl we found an endophyte-associated increase in early growth, grain dry weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, number of tillers, number of heads and number of grains. However, this relationship was reversed for the plants grown with 150 and 250 mM NaCl, where the endophytes negatively affected these traits. Plants stressed with the highest concentration of NaCl (250 mM) produced no grain. These results suggest that the endophytes may have potential to benefit field grown barley crops growing on moderately salt-stressed sites.
Validation of an activity monitoring system for detecting early behavioral markers of respiratory disease development in young dairy calves (2014)

Dairy calf pneumonia (DCP) is a highly prevalent and economically significant problem of dairy calves. DCP commonly affects calves during the pre-weaning and/or post-weaning periods, and is one of the most diagnosed conditions postmortem in calves less than 5 months of age (Hill et al, 2009; Virtala et al, 1996). Aside from the deleterious effects that DCP has on the calf (i.e. decreased performance), the negative impact extends well into adulthood affecting its subsequent productivity and lifespan within the herd (Bach, 2011; Waltner-Toews et al, 1986; Warnick et al, 1997).The ability to identify calves during the initial stages of respiratory disease development is difficult and relies on subjective observations made by farm personnel. However, some behavioral changes in sick calves might be more associated with early disease stages, such as spending more time in the bucket and remaining standing for longer periods after feeding when compared to healthy calves (McGuirk, personal communication). Thus, objective monitoring of activity and feeding behavior may allow for earlier disease detection and intervention, potentially decreasing the consequences of DCP later in the calf’s life. Recent studies demonstrated that group housing or daily increased provision of milk decreased the incidence of disease and increased the daily gain. These findings suggest the potential for a positive effect of the social interactions stemming from group housing. The objective of this study was to identify early behavioral markers of respiratory disease using an activity monitoring device in young dairy calves subjected to standard or high-milk feeding levels (standard or high) and housing (individual or group) on the incidence of respiratory disease in young dairy heifers.
Productive Infection of Human Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived NKX2.1+ Respiratory Progenitors With Human Rhinovirus (2015)

This report provides proof-of-principle experiments demonstrating, for the first time, that human respiratory progenitor cells derived from stem cells in the laboratory can be productively infected with human rhinovirus, the predominant cause of the common cold.
Ion Mobility Derived Collision Cross Sections to Support Metabolomics Applications (2014)

Metabolomics is a rapidly evolving analytical approach in life and health sciences. The structural elucidation of the metabolites of interest remains a major analytical challenge in the metabolomics workflow. Here, we investigate the use of ion mobility as a tool to aid metabolite identification. Ion mobility allows for the measurement of the rotationally averaged collision cross-section (CCS), which gives information about the ionic shape of a molecule in the gas phase. We measured the CCSs of 125 common metabolites using traveling-wave ion mobility-mass spectrometry (TW-IM-MS). CCS measurements were highly reproducible on instruments located in three independent laboratories (RSD < 5% for 99%). We also determined the reproducibility of CCS measurements in various biological matrixes including urine, plasma, platelets, and red blood cells using ultra performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with TW-IM-MS. The mean RSD was < 2% for 97% of the CCS values, compared to 80% of retention times. Finally, as proof of concept, we used UPLC-TW-IM-MS to compare the cellular metabolome of epithelial and mesenchymal cells, an in vitro model used to study cancer development. Experimentally determined and computationally derived CCS values were used as orthogonal analytical parameters in combination with retention time and accurate mass information to confirm the identity of key metabolites potentially involved in cancer. Thus, our results indicate that adding CCS data to searchable databases and to routine metabolomics workflows will increase the identification confidence compared to traditional analytical approaches.
CLARITY increases sensitivity and specificity of fluorescence immunostaining in long-term archived human brain tissue (2022)

Abstract Immunohistochemistry on archival human brains is often limited because several conditions arise that complicate the use for high-resolution fluorescence microscopy. In this study, we developed a novel clearing approach for immunofluorescence-based analysis of perfusion- and immersion-fixed post mortem human brain tissue, termed hCLARITY. hCLARITY is optimized for specificity by reducing off-target labeling and yields very sensitive stainings in human brain sections allowing for super-resolution microscopy with unprecedented imaging of pre- and postsynaptic compartments. Moreover, hallmarks of the Alzheimer’s disease were preserved with hCLARITY, and importantly classical DAB or Nissl stainings are compatible with this protocol. hCLARITY is extremely versatile as demonstrated by the use of more than 30 well performing antibodies and allows for de- and subsequent re-staining of the same tissue section, which is important for multi-labelling approaches, e.g., in super-resolution microscopy. Taken together, hCLARITY enables research of the human brain with highest sensitivity and down to sub-diffraction resolution and therefore has enormous potential for the investigation of local morphological changes, e.g., in neurodegenerative diseases. Striking Image / Graphical abstract Summary of the main advantages of hCLARITY. CLARITY was applied on human post mortem brain tissue in direct comparison to untreated sections (minus CLARITY). Owing to removal of lipids during the clearing with SDS and the resulting reduction in light scattering, cleared sections were less opaque. The denaturing effect of the detergent SDS most likely results in better accessibility of certain epitopes. The major benefits of hCLARITY were found in an increased sensitivity and specificity of antibodies for neuronal cells. The adapted hCLARITY protocol is compatible with staining techniques for confocal microscopy, super-resolution microscopy, and light microscopy.
Fatty Acid Transport Across Membranes (2017)

Fatty acids (FA) are critical to the maintenance of physiological homeostasis. They are a major source of energy, provide essential building blocks of membrane structure, and play a variety of normal and pathologic modulatory functions. The FA produced by the activity probably binds to a cytosolic FA binding protein (FABP) and is then transferred via the aqueous phase to the plasma membrane. Once in the inner hemileaflet of the membrane, the FA is transported to the outer leaflet, where it can leave the membrane and enter the aqueous interstitial fluid surrounding the adipocyte. Understanding FA transport across lipid bilayers is clearly essential for a complete understanding of transport across biologic membranes. In order to overcome the technical limitations of tracer measurements, a number of studies have been done using fluorescently labeled FA. Transfer of oleate from small unilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine to albumin was detected by the quenching, upon FA binding, of albumin tryptophan fluorescence.
GHz Apertureless Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy of Ferroelectric Nanodomain Dynamics (2006)

Nanoscale domain dynamics of (Ba,Sr)TiO(3) thin films are investigated at microwave frequencies with a home-developed GHz-frequency apertureless near-field scanning optical microscope (GHz-ANSOM). Using a microwave phase-modulation technique, we decoupled topographic artifacts from the optical signal, providing an enhanced and background-free temporal response. Interleaved acquisition of images taken at sequential time intervals provides amplitude and phase information about the electrooptic response at <50 nm spatial resolution and <10 ps temporal resolution. The local microwave response is highly nonuniform in both the amplitude and the phase.