gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical tailoring of the charging energy in metal cluster arrangements by use of bifunctional spacer molecules (1998)

The insertion of bifunctional spacer molecules into a three-dimensional arrangement of Pd561phen36O200 clusters leads to an increase of the charging energy from 0.02 eV to 0.05 eV, which was determined from the temperature dependence of the conductivity.
Electronic Textiles Based on Highly Conducting Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Carbon Nanotube/Silver Nanobelt Hybrid Fibers (2021)

Highly stable conducting fibers have attracted significant attention in electronic textile (e-textile) applications. Here, we fabricate highly conducting poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanocomposite fibers with high thermal and chemical stability based on silver nanobelt (AgNB)/multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) hybrid materials as conducting fillers. At 20 vol % AgNB/MWCNT, the electrical conductivity of the fiber dramatically increased (∼533 times) from 3 up to 1600 S/cm after thermal treatment at 300 °C for 5 min. Moreover, PVA/AgNB/MWCNT fiber resists the harsh conditions of good solvents for PVA as well as high temperatures over the melting point of PVA, whereas pure PVA fiber is unstable in these environments. The significantly enhanced electrical conductivity and chemical stability can be realized through the post-thermal curing process, which is attributed to the coalescence between adjacent AgNBs and additional intensive cross-linking of PVA. These remarkable characteristics make our conducting fibers suitable for applications in e-textiles such as water leakage detectors and wearable heaters. In particular, heating behavior of e-textiles by Joule heating can accelerate the desorption of physically trapped moisture from the fiber surface, resulting in the fully reversible operation of water leakage monitoring. This smart e-textile sensor based on highly stable and conductive composite fibers will pave the way for diverse e-textile applications.
MAC throughput enhancements (2008)

Early on in the 802.11n standardization process it was recognized that even with significantly higher data rates in the PHY the fixed overhead in the MAC protocol was such that little of that gain would be experienced above the MAC. It was clear, as this chapter will show, that without throughput enhancements in the MAC the end user would benefit little from the improved PHY performance.
Products from cyanoethylation of 2-octanone (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProducts from cyanoethylation of 2-octanoneJames Cason, Charles W. Koch, Richard P. Fischer, Ronald Kow, Maria Gonzalez Kutas, Allan Y. Teranishi, and David M. WalbaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 16, 2573–2579Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00981a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views66Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Safe housing ensured by an electric field screen that excludes insect-net permeating haematophagous mosquitoes carrying human pathogens (2015)

An electric field screen can be used to keep mosquitoes out of houses with open windows. In this study, doubly charged dipolar electric field screens (DD-screens) were used to capture mosquitoes entering through a window. The screen had two components: three layers of insulated conductor iron wires (ICWs) in parallel arrays and two electrostatic direct current (DC) voltage generators that supplied negative or positive voltages to the ICWs. Within each layer, the ICWs were parallel at 5-mm intervals, and connected to each other and to a negative or positive voltage generator. The negatively and positively charged ICWs are represented as ICW(–) and ICW(+), respectively. The screen consisted of one ICW(+) layer with an ICW(–) layer on either side. The Asian tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) and house mosquito (Culex pipiens) were used as models of vectors carrying viral pathogens. Adult mosquitoes were blown into the space between the ICWs by sending compressed air through the tip of an insect aspirator to determine the voltage range that captured all of the test insects. Wind speed was measured at the surface of the ICW using a sensitive anemometer. The result showed that at ≥ 1.2 kV, the force was strong enough that the ICWs captured all of the mosquitoes, despite a wind speed of 7 m/s. Therefore, the DD-screen could serve as a physical barrier to prevent noxious mosquitoes from entering houses with good air penetration.
Ligandenbibliotheken für die hocheffiziente Rhodium‐Phosphoramidit‐katalysierte asymmetrische Arylierung von N,N‐Dimethylsulfamoyl‐geschützten Aldiminen (2006)

Kleine Schutzgruppe – große Wirkung: Die Titelreaktionen führen nach mikrowellenunterstützter Abspaltung der N,N-Dimethylsulfamoyl-Schutzgruppe zu chiralen (Diarylmethyl)aminen. Bei Verwendung von 1 Mol-% Katalysator und 1.3 Äquivalenten Arylboronsäure werden die Produkte mit bis 98 % Ausbeute und 95 % ee isoliert. acac=Acetylacetonat, eth=Ethen.
Differential Steroid Production between Theca Interna and Theca Externa Cells: A Three-Cell Model for Follicular Steroidogenesis in Avian Species* (1989)

In avian species, the granulosa cells produce progesterone (P), but not testosterone (T) or estradiol (E). The theca folliculi in avian species produces T and E and is anatomically comprised of the theca interna and the theca externa. It is not known, however, whether both T and E are produced by the same cell type. In the present study, preovulatory follicles of adult female turkeys were separated into their anatomical subdivisions, the granulosa, theca interna, and theca externa, and the relative steroidogenic contribution by each layer was investigated. Granulosa cells from the largest (F1) and fifth largest (F5) preovulatory follicles produced increasing levels of P in response to ovine LH (oLH; 0-10 micrograms/ml); however, T and E were not detectable. Theca interna and theca externa cells from F5 follicles were cultured alone or in combination. Theca interna cells produced P and T, but not E. Theca externa cells produced P, T, and E. E production was greatly enhanced by coincubation of cells from the two theca layers. oLH, (0-100 ng/ml) stimulated theca interna P and T production and E production by the coincubation of theca interna and theca externa cells. When theca interna and theca externa cells from the F1 and F5 follicles were tested, theca externa cells from F5, but not F1, converted androstenedione and T, but not P into E, indicating a loss of aromatase activity in the theca externa with follicular maturation. Neither F1 nor F5 theca interna cells converted P, A, or T into estradiol, providing additional evidence that aromatase activity is limited exclusively to the theca externa. Addition of oLH (0-100 ng/ml) did not increase conversion of T into E by the F5 theca externa cells, suggesting that production of E by the theca externa is substrate driven and not influenced by direct LH action. Avian ovarian steroidogenesis is described using a three-cell model, with the principle sources of P, T, and E being the granulosa, theca interna, and theca externa cells, respectively.
Biomass Processing via Electrochemical Means (2021)

Traditional chemical transformations such as thermochemical and chemocatalytic conversions, fermentation, gasification, and pyrolysis are used for biomass processing. Alternative sustainable and green technologies such as electrochemical, photo-electrochemical, and bio-electrochemical conversions are currently being developed by the scientific community. Electrolysis offers many advantages for conversion of bio-based chemicals over alternative conversion routes.The development of economically feasible methods for producing industrially relevant chemicals with high purity and selectivity from sugars is gaining considerable attention in recent years. The electrochemical reduction of levulinic acid to valeric acid proceeds at low pH and high overpotential, whereas at low pH and low overpotential, γ- valerolactone is the main product. The electrochemical conversion of glycerol is primarily investigated for energy storage purposes, with foreseen applications in fuel cells, and for the production of hydrogen or formic acid. An integrated electrochemical process for lignin depolymerization with in situ downstream processing is often applied in order to prevent overoxidation.
Pathogenic angiogenesis in IBD and experimental colitis: new ideas and therapeutic avenues (2007)

Angiogenesis is now understood to play a major role in the pathology of chronic inflammatory diseases and is indicated to exacerbate disease pathology. Recent evidence shows that angiogenesis is crucial during inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in experimental models of colitis. Examination of the relationship between angiogenesis and inflammation in experimental colitis shows that initiating factors for these responses simultaneously increase as disease progresses and correlate in magnitude. Recent studies show that inhibition of the inflammatory response attenuates angiogenesis to a similar degree and, importantly, that inhibition of angiogenesis does the same to inflammation. Recent data provide evidence that differential regulation of the angiogenic mediators involved in IBD-associated chronic inflammation is the root of this pathological angiogenesis. Many factors are involved in this phenomenon, including growth factors/cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, integrins, matrix-associated molecules, and signaling targets. These factors are produced by various vascular, inflammatory, and immune cell types that are involved in IBD pathology. Moreover, recent studies provide evidence that antiangiogenic therapy is a novel and effective approach for IBD treatment. Here we review the role of pathological angiogenesis during IBD and experimental colitis and discuss the therapeutic avenues this recent knowledge has revealed.
Facilitating adoption of network services with externalities via cost subsidization. (2014)

This paper investigates the adoption level of a network service where the net utility perceived by each user incorporates three key features, namely, user service affinity heterogeneity, a network externality, and a subscription cost. Services with network externality face a chicken and egg adoption problem in that the service requires customers in order to attract customers. In this paper we study cost subsidization as a means to reach the knee and thereby change the equilibrium adoption level from zero to one. By focusing on a simple subsidy structure and a simple model for user heterogeneity, we can derive explicit expressions for quantities of natural interest, such as the minimum subsidy required, the minimum subsidy duration, and the aggregate cost of the subsidy to the service provider. We show that small or large subsidies are inefficient, but that there is a Pareto efficient frontier for intermediate subsidies wherein subsidy duration and aggregate cost are in tension with one another.
Shadow Estimation for Ultrasound Images Using Auto-Encoding Structures and Synthetic Shadows (2021)

Acoustic shadows are common artifacts in medical ultrasound imaging. The shadows are caused by objects that reflect ultrasound such as bones, and they are shown as dark areas in ultrasound images. Detecting such shadows is crucial for assessing the quality of images. This will be a pre-processing for further image processing or recognition aiming computer-aided diagnosis. In this paper, we propose an auto-encoding structure that estimates the shadowed areas and their intensities. The model once splits an input image into an estimated shadow image and an estimated shadow-free image through its encoder and decoder. Then, it combines them to reconstruct the input. By generating plausible synthetic shadows based on relatively coarse domain-specific knowledge on ultrasound images, we can train the model using unlabeled data. If pixel-level labels of the shadows are available, we also utilize them in a semi-supervised fashion. By experiments on ultrasound images for fetal heart diagnosis, we show that our method achieved 0.720 in the DICE score and outperformed conventional image processing methods and a segmentation method based on deep neural networks. The capability of the proposed method on estimating the intensities of shadows and the shadow-free images is also indicated through the experiments.
Biomedical Applications of Electroactive Polymers (1998)

I. INTRODUCTION In the past two decades the biomedical field has witnessed an exponential increase in the utilization of synthetic polymers and plastics-based products in various clinical and diagnostic areas. Electroactive polymers represent an interesting class of synthetic polymers that by virtue of their ability to function as electrochemical, electromechanical, and electro-optical transducers, can be utilized to interface between the external environment and the biological system both in vitro and in vivo.
Dipolar Relaxation Mechanism of Long Lived States in Methyl Groups (2017)

We analyze the symmetry properties of the dipolar Hamiltonian as the main relaxation mechanism responsible for the observed NMR spectra of long lived states in methyl groups. Long lived states exhibit relaxation times that are considerably longer than the spin-lattice relaxation time, T1. The analysis brings clarity to the key components of the relaxation mechanism of long lived states by focusing exclusively on the symmetry of the spin Hamiltonian. Our study shows that the dipole-dipole coupling between protons of a methyl group and between the protons and an external spin are both symmetry breaking interactions that can lead to relaxation pathways that transform the polarization from symmetry order to Zeeman order, but the net contribution of the internal dipolar interaction to the NMR observation of long lived states is zero. Our calculation is in agreement with the reported features of the observed spectra.
Colloid formation effects on depth profile of implanted Ag in SiO2 glass (1993)

Ag+ ions of 150 keV were implanted into SiO2 glasses at room temperature to doses of 0.1–60×1016/cm2. Formation of Ag colloids in SiO2 glasses was observed by the cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and optical absorption spectra. An anticorrelation is found between the Ag colloid size and the width of the Ag depth profile measured by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. At low dose, the size of Ag colloids is small (&amp;lt;10 nm in diameter) and the Ag depth profile is close to that of a simulation calculation. At increasing dose, small Ag colloids and/or Ag atoms aggregate to grow up to ∼40 nm and the width of the Ag depth profile is reduced to ∼50 nm, which is close to the above colloid size, indicating that the size of a Ag colloid particle controls the Ag depth profile. The size and shape of colloids are the keys which modify the optical properties by metallic ion implantation for applications such as optical isolators.
Validation of the STA-Liatest DDi assay for exclusion of proximal deep vein thrombosis according to the latest Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute/Food and Drug Administration guideline (2018)

: Recommended strategy for venous thromboembolism (VTE) diagnosis includes the use of sensitive D-dimer (DDi) assays along with pretest probability (PTP) assessment. The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) recently issued a guideline (US FDA endorsed) on DDi in VTE exclusion. Such guideline specifies the ideal D-dimer assay characteristics and target population. Demonstrate STA-LiatestD-Di performance combined with a PTP score for proximal deep vein thrombosis (pDVT) exclusion in a CLSI compliant study. International, multicenter, prospective nonrandomized, noninterventional clinical outcome management study conducted in a standard-of-care setting. DDi was measured in DVT-suspected consecutive low/moderate PTP outpatients, without conditions possibly impacting DDi values independently of thrombosis presence (age >80, pregnancy, postoperative, cancer) using a 0.5 μg/ml (FEU) threshold for DVT exclusion. Results were used to determine test performance. One thousand two hundred and thirty-four patients (17 centers) signed informed consent. Nine hundred and eighty (mean age: 55) with valid results (494 negative DDi) completed the study (DVT prevalence: 8.7%). STA-LiatestD-Di performance exceeded CLSI/FDA requirements: sensitivity: 100% (95% CI 95.8-100%), NPV: 100% (95% CI 99.3-100%). STA-LiatestD-Di associated with PTP score showed excellent performance for pDVT exclusion, as recently demonstrated for pulmonary embolism. The assay allows safe VTE exclusion, avoiding unnecessary imaging tests.
SUBSTANCE PENETRATION PROPERTY OF THE CONCRETE USING WITH CaO・Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> AGGREGATE (2017)

カルシウムアルミネートの一種であるCaO・Al2O3を骨材として使用したセメント硬化体について、基礎物性および簡易透水試験による物質浸透性の検証を行った。その結果、CaO・Al2O3骨材を用いたコンクリートの強度特性とコンクリートの吸水特性とには相関が認められず、CaO・Al2O3骨材表面部の反応により生成するハイドロカルマイトやフリーデル氏塩の生成量が物質浸透性に関係している可能性が示唆された。また、SEM-EDSの結果からも、天然粗骨材を用いたコンクリートと比較して、CA骨材を用いたコンクリートでは骨材界面が密実となっており、CA骨材の外部と内部とでは異なる水和物が生成している可能性が示唆された。
Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Diagnostic and Prognostic MicroRNAs in Stage II Colon Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-3 from Diagnostic and Prognostic MicroRNAs in Stage II Colon Cancer
Calculations on the adsorption of Au to MgO surfaces using SIESTA (2006)

The SIESTA suite of programs allows periodic density functional theory calculations to be carried out on system sizes of several hundred atoms. Here we make use of this to study the interface between Au and MgO surfaces. Atomic Au on MgO(100) shows preferential binding over surface anion sites, while the binding energy at a surface anion vacancy is significantly higher than on the stoichiometric surface. High index surfaces are used to generate kink site structures representative of extended defects and Au adsorption at these sites has a binding energy intermediate between MgO(100) and the anion vacancy. In contrast Au10 clusters are found to bind more strongly to kink sites than anion vacancies. Bader charge analysis demonstrates that electron transfer occurs from the surface to the Au species in all calculations and the distribution of this charge in the Au10 case is discussed.
A concise synthesis of 2-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-6-methoxynaphthalen-4-yl) ethanamine, a key intermediate in the elaboration compound library of agomelatine analogs (2015)

Agomelatine, a melatonin-like antidepressant drug based on a naphthalene scaffold, has received consid erable attention these last twenty years. This drug molecu le undergoes important liver first pass effect and suffers therefore of a short plasma half-life. In an effort to circum vent this drawback, we designed an approch based on the use of a tetraline scaffold to replace the original naphthalene template. Using a concise synthetic method involving a three-step approach and starting a commercially available tetralone precursor,we successfully designed a tetraline scaffold, a pivotal template which could be further elaborated into a compound library of agomelatine analogs. Further work is now under progress along this line
Contaminated garbage collection (2000)

We describe a new method for determining when an object can be garbage collected. The method does not require marking live objects. Instead, each object X is dynamically associated with a stack frame M, such that Xis collectable when M pops. Because X could have been dead earlier, our method is conservative. Our results demonstrate that the method nonetheless identifies a large percentage of collectable objects. The method has been implemented in Sun's Java Virtual Machine interpreter, and results are presented based on this implementation
A Novel Microarray Gene Selection Method Based on Consistency (2006)

Consistency modeling for gene selection is a new topic emerging from recent cancer bioinformatics research. The result of classification or clustering on a training set was often found very different from the same operations on a testing set. Here, we address this issue as a consistency problem. We propose a new concept of performance-based consistency and a new novel gene selection method, Genetic Algorithm Gene Selection method in terms of consistency (GAGSc). The proposed consistency concept and GAGSc method were investigated on eight benchmark microarray and proteomic datasets. The experimental results show that the different microarray datasets have different consistency characteristics, and that better consistency can lead to an unbiased and reproducible outcome with good disease prediction accuracy. More importantly, GAGSc has demonstrated that gene selection, with the proposed consistency measurement, is able to enhance the reproducibility in microarray diagnosis experiments.
Identification of a subunit contact site of the alpha-subunit of follitropin. (1992)

Using synthetic peptides, we previously identified portions of the lutropin alpha-subunit that are in contact with the beta-subunit. In order to elucidate structure/function differences of the glycoprotein hormones, a similar study was conducted for follitropin. Peptides corresponding to the follitropin alpha-subunit were synthesized using standard solid-phase procedures. Purified peptides were incubated in the presence of alpha- and beta-subunits of follitropin, and subunit recombination was monitored using gel permeation chromatography and reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography. Peptide alpha 33-58, corresponding to a highly conserved portion of alpha-subunit, completely inhibited subunit recombination for 24 h, and allowed only partial (61%-71%) recombination after 48 h. Peptide alpha 51-65 or alpha 61-78 inhibited subunit recombination partially at 24 h, but almost full (greater than 80%) recombination was observed by 48 h. Peptides corresponding to the rest of the alpha-subunit, alpha 1-15, alpha 11-27, alpha 22-39, and alpha 73-92, did not inhibit recombination of the alpha- and beta-subunits. The data suggest that alpha-subunits have similar residues in contact with regions of the beta-subunits of both lutropin and follitropin, specifically involving residues from continuous regions of the alpha-subunit (residues 45-75). The data suggest that this region contains multiple sites of contact with the beta-subunit.