gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Chiral Domains by Surface Confinement of Liquid Crystals (2020)

Chirality, or absence of mirror symmetry, is a fascinating attribute of inanimate and living objects, which inspires artists and fascinates scientists in various disciplines, from physics to mathematics, biology to chemistry and crystallography. Producing and controlling the sense of handedness in systems formed by mirror-symmetric elements or containing an equal amount of left- and right-twisted elements is usually a nontrivial task. In this issue of ACS Central Science, Geonhyeong Park et al [1] demonstrate that a slab of a lyotropic chromonic liquid crystal (LCLC), formed by achiral molecules dispersed in water, can produce a periodic array of domains with left- and right-handed twists of the orientation of molecular aggregates. The twist develops over macroscopic regions of tens of microns in size and is caused by a balance of two facets of the orientational order pertinent to liquid crystals: the elastic response to deformations of orientation and anisotropy of surface interactions at confining boundaries.
Opto-mechanical design of a dispersive artificial eye (2017)

We present an opto-mechanical artificial eye that can be used for examining multi-wavelength ophthalmic instruments. Standard off-the-shelf lenses and a refractive-index-matching fluid were used in the creation of the artificial eye. In addition to dispersive properties, the artificial eye can be used to simulate refractive error. To analyze the artificial eye, a multi-wavelength Hartmann-Shack aberrometer was used to measure the longitudinal chromatic aberration and the possibility of inducing refractive error. Off-axis chromatic aberrations were also analyzed by imaging through the artificial eye at two discrete wavelengths. Possible extensions to the dispersive artificial eye are also discussed.
DNA methylation analysis on a droplet-in-oil PCR array (2009)

We performed on-chip DNA methylation analysis using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) within an arrayed micro droplet-in-oil platform that is designed for more practical application of microfluidic droplet technologies in clinical applications. Unique features of this ready-to-use device include arrayed primers that are pre-deposited into open micro-reaction chambers and use of the oil phase as a companion fluid for both sample actuation and compartmentalization. These technical advantages allow for infusion of minute amounts of sample for arrayed MSP analysis, without the added complexities inherent in microfluidic droplet-based studies. Ease of use of this micro device is exemplified by analysis of two tumor suppressor promoters, p15 and TMS1 using an on-chip methylation assay. These results were consistent with standard MSP protocols, yet the simplicity of the droplet-in-oil microfluidic PCR platform provides an easy and efficient tool for DNA methylation analysis in a large-scale arrayed manner.
The cellular simultaneous recurrent network adaptive critic design for the generalized maze problem has a simple closed-form solution (2000)

The generalized maze problem has been considered as an interesting testbed by various researchers in AI and neural networks. The most significant results, from a neural networks point of view, were: 1. Simultaneous recurrent networks are necessary if a neural network-based cellular automaton approach to the problem is to be successful. 2. These networks can be designed so that convergence to a correct solution is assured. Here, a simple closed-form solution for the critic is shown, making adaptation unnecessary. Furthermore, it is shown that the design converges to the correct solution in only J steps, and the worst case convergence speed for an N/spl times/N mesh is derived.
Abstract 1670: Characterization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model in comparison with various xenograft mouse tumors (2020)

Abstract Background: The chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) tumor model is an in vivo three-dimensional culture model that is easy to use and inexpensive, has no ethical issues, and has been used in cancer research, although the success rate of generating CAM tumors varies among reports. We analyzed the success rate of CAM tumors from patient-derived xenograft (PDX) of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and many cell line-derived xenograft (CDX) tumors of different cancer types, and we sought to determine which factors affected the success rate of generating CAM tumors. Method: We used patient cancer tissue (ESCC) and/or commercially available 12 tumorigenic cancer cell lines (esophageal cancer [TE-11 and HCE4], pancreatic cancer [CFPA-1, MIA PaCa2, and PANC-1], lung cancer [A549 and H358], skin cancer [A431 and B16F10], and biliary tract cancer [HuCCT-1, TFK-1, and MzchA2]) to generate xenograft tumors. Small (1- to 2-mm) pieces of xenograft tumors were grafted onto the CAMs of fertilized eggs. After incubating for an additional 7 to 9 days at 37.5°C and 65% humidity, nodules were observed on the assigned locations of each CAM. On the basis of hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, we calculated the success rate of the CAM tumor engraftment. H&amp;E staining was also performed with parental PDX or CDX tumors as well as parental ESCC tissues, to compare them with CAM tumors. Results: A total of 29 xenograft tumors were transplanted onto CAMs. The overall success rate in generating CAM tumors was 19/29 (66%). The CAM tumors were histologically quite similar to those of their parental CDX or PDX tumors, and the CAM tumors from PDX ESCC were also histologically similar to their parent ESCC tumors. Tumor pieces from poorly-differentiated xenograft tumors (including PDX ESCC) generated CAM tumors with a 90% success rate (19/21), in comparison with well-differentiated xenograft tumors, whose success rate was 0% (0/8). Conclusion: The overall success rate in generating CAM tumors, especially from poorly differentiated tumors, seems acceptable. The histological similarity between CAM tumors and both parent xenograft and parent tumors from humans indicates that the CAM tumor model is a promising in vivo model for the study of poorly differentiated tumors. As for well-differentiated tumors, this model has to be further optimized to increase the success rate of engraftment. Citation Format: Tomoki Saito, Shinya Ohashi, Ayaka Mizumoto, Osamu Kikuchi, Kotaro Matsumoto, Aoi Komatsu, Seiji Naganuma, Yoshihiro Yamamoto, Kenshiro Hirohashi, Masahiro Yoshioka, Masashi Tamaoki, Makiko Funakoshi, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, Manabu Muto. Characterization of the chick chorioallantoic membrane tumor model in comparison with various xenograft mouse tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 1670.
ADH1 and ADH4 alcohol/retinol dehydrogenases in the developing adrenal blastema provide evidence for embryonic retinoid endocrine function (1998)

Studies on retinoid signaling indicate that much of the regulation of this pathway may involve enzymes that synthesize the active ligand retinoic acid. Alcohol dehydrogenases ADH1 (class I ADH) and ADH4 (class IV ADH) function as retinol dehydrogenases in the oxidation of retinol, a necessary step in the synthesis of retinoic acid from vitamin A. These enzymes as well as retinoic acid have previously been localized in the adult adrenal gland, thus providing evidence that this organ is an endocrine source of retinoic acid. Here, we have examined the involvement of ADH1 and ADH4 in embryonic adrenal function by using transgenic mouse technology and immunohistochemistry. Transgenic mice were generated that contain various portions of the mouse ADH4 promoter and 5'-flanking region fused to lacZ. Embryos harboring a construct containing 9.0 kb of 5'-flanking region displayed very high levels of lacZ expression in the developing adrenal blastemas at embryonic stage E11.5 during the initial phase of mouse adrenal gland development. The presence of endogenous ADH4 protein in stage E11.5 adrenal blastemas was demonstrated by immunohistochemistry, and this was the only site of ADH4 immunodetection in stage E11.5 embryos. Endogenous ADH1 protein was also detected by immunohistochemistry in stage E11.5 adrenal blastemas. ADH1 and ADH4 proteins were detectable at later stages of adrenal development, and both were localized to developing adrenal cortical cells by stage E14.5. The presence of both ADH1 and ADH4 retinol dehydrogenases during the earliest stages of adrenal gland development, combined with our earlier findings of high levels of retinoic acid in the embryonic adrenal gland, suggests that one of the earliest functions of ADH may be to provide an embryonic endocrine source of retinoic acid for growth and development.
Performance Enhancement of the CSMA/CA MAC Mechanisms Using a Reject Request to Send (RRTS) Message for 3.5 GHz Shared Spectrum Systems (2018)

The federal communications commission (FCC) has addressed a three-tiered spectrum access system (SAS) in the so called innovation band (3.5 GHz) which foresees besides the priority access licenses (PAL) an unlicensed spectrum access as general authorized access (GAA). In this context, the SAS assigns the spectrum to the PAL and GAA systems which are citizens broadband radio service devices (CBSDs). Thus, the issue of finding a scheme that achieves an optimal spectrum access among the CBSDs and their nodes in term of maximizing the throughput is addressed. In this paper we present the design and results of a broadcast message termed reject request to send (RRTS) based on the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function (DCF) mechanisms for SAS with efficient spectrum access in respect to maximize the system throughput for GAA CBSDs in an unlicensed spectrum. The system improvement shows how the RRTS message can be used in a minimum intrusive way to enhance the system throughput compared with the state-of-the-art (SoA) DCF scheme. Moreover, the suggested scheme is able to handle a large number of accessing nodes because our scheme is robust against the number of nodes which opens a new perspective for high connection density in a SAS context and beyond 5G.
Razor: circuit-level correction of timing errors for low-power operation (2004)

Dynamic voltage scaling is one of the more effective and widely used methods for power-aware computing. We present a DVS approach that uses dynamic detection and correction of circuit timing errors to tune processor supply voltage and eliminate the need for voltage margins.
High co-directional Raman gain for 200-km spans, enabling 40 /spl times/ 10.66 Gb/s transmission over 2400 km (2003)

Using 200-km spans with 14.5-dB Raman co-gain, we transmitted 400 Gb/s error-free over 2400-km of True Wave/sup /spl reg// REACH fiber. With bidirectional Raman pumping, span lengths could be doubled, reducing operating expenses for medium-to long-haul systems.
Monitoring the reaction progress of a high‐performance phenylethynyl‐terminated poly(etherlmide). Part II: Advancement of glass transition temperature (2002)

Abstract The cure schedule for carbon fiber‐reinforced, phenylethynyl‐terminated Ultem™ (GE Plastics) composites was studied in an attempt to optimize the resultant glass transition temperature, T g . Reaction progress and possible matrix degradation were monitored via the T g . On the basis of previous research, matrix degradation induced T g reduction was expected for increases in cure time or temperature beyond approximately 70 minutes at 350°C. Using the central composite design (CCD) of experiment technique, composite panels, neat resin, and polymer powder‐coated tow (towpreg) were cured following various cure schedules to allow for the measurement of the glass transition temperatures resulting fronm cure time and temperature variations. The towpreg and neat resin specimens were cured in a differential scanning calorimeter. The glass transition temperatures of all specimens were measured via differential scanning calorimetry; the composite glass transition temperatures were also measured with dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The composite panels and towpreg specimens showed similar trends in T g response to cure schedule variations. Composite and towpreg glass transition temperatures increased to a plateau with increasing cure time and temperature, whereas, the neat resin showed an optimal T g followed by T g reduction with increasing cure time and temperature. The optimal neat resin T g occurred within a cure time and temperature significantly below that required to maximize the composite and towpreg glass transition temperatures.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of a Key Intermediate of Antifungal Agents. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Biomolecular Imaging of Cellular Uptake of Nanoparticles using Multimodal Nonlinear Optical Microscopy (2022)

Probing gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in living systems is essential to reveal the interaction between AuNPs and biological tissues. Moreover, by integrating nonlinear optical signals such as stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), two-photon excited fluorescence (TPEF), and transient absorption (TA) into an imaging platform, it can be used to reveal biomolecular contrast of cellular structures and AuNPs in a multimodal manner. This article presents a multimodal nonlinear optical microscopy and applies it to perform chemically specific imaging of AuNPs in cancer cells. This imaging platform provides a novel approach for developing more efficient functionalized AuNPs and determining whether they are within vasculatures surrounding the tumor, pericellular, or cellular spaces.
Electromagnetic Implosion Using an Array (2008)

This paper considers the use of a spherical array of sources producing a large fast-transient electromagnetic wave near the center of a sphere. For comparison, a lens type of implosion impulse radiating antenna (IRA) is included as an appendix. This complements the prolate-spheroidal focusing-reflector type of IRA, which has been already appearing in journal papers.
Modeling the optical properties of fluorescent powders: Y1.91Eu0.09O3 (1999)

A numerical model is developed to study the optical properties of phosphor powder coatings. The method derived uses a combination of ray tracing and Monte Carlo modeling which allows us to calculate the absorption, reflection, and transmission for the exciting ultraviolet radiation as well as for the emitted visible light. Size, shape, morphology, density of packing of the phosphor grains, and the roughness of the coating can be studied in detail with our model. Calculations for Y1.91Eu0.09O3 red phosphor powder layers used in commercial fluorescent lamps are presented. Good agreement with experiment was found.
Red blood cell structure and dynamics explored with digital holographic microscopy (2009)

Reference EPFL-CONF-159121View record in Web of Science Record created on 2010-11-30, modified on 2017-05-12
AI programmer (2021)

In this paper, we present AI Programmer, a machine learning (ML) system that can automatically generate full software programs, while requiring only minimal human guidance. At its core, AI Programmer uses a genetic algorithm (GA), coupled with a tightly constrained programming language that minimizes the overhead of its ML search space. Part of AI Programmer's novelty stems from (i) its unique system design, including an embedded, hand-crafted interpreter for efficiency and security and (ii) its augmentation of classic GA to include instruction-gene randomization bindings and programming language-specific genome construction and elimination techniques. We provide a detailed examination of AI Programmer's system design, several examples detailing how the system works, and experimental data demonstrating its software generation capabilities and performance using only mainstream CPUs.
Torsion Angle Preferences in Druglike Chemical Space: A Comprehensive Guide (2013)

Crystal structure databases offer ample opportunities to derive small molecule conformation preferences, but the derived knowledge is not systematically applied in drug discovery research. We address this gap by a comprehensive and extendable expert system enabling quick assessment of the probability of a given conformation to occur. It is based on a hierarchical system of torsion patterns that cover a large part of druglike chemical space. Each torsion pattern has associated frequency histograms generated from CSD and PDB data and, derived from the histograms, traffic-light rules for frequently observed, rare, and highly unlikely torsion ranges. Structures imported into the corresponding software are annotated according to these rules. We present the concept behind the tree of torsion patterns, the design of an intuitive user interface for the management and usage of the torsion library, and we illustrate how the system helps analyze and understand conformation properties of substructures widely used in medicinal chemistry.
A nonlinear control algorithm of Li-ion battery substation for DC distributed system (2014)

This paper presents a control algorithm for dc-bus stabilization in weak network that uses a Li-ion battery as the battery substation. The battery modules connected with 2-quadrant 4-phase parallel converter with interleaved technique. In this paper, a nonlinear control algorithm based on the flatness properties of the system is proposed. Using the flatness property, we propose simple solutions to dc distributed system and stabilization problems. A hardware system is implemented in laboratory. The prototype small-scale power plant is composed of a dc main source (80 V, 500 W), and a Li-ion battery module (11.6 Ah, 24 V). Experimental results substantiate the excellent control scheme during load cycles.
Seismisk modellering: Modellering av seismiske data over løsmassefylte depresjoner, svakhetssoner og ved kabelheng (2003)

Seismisk modellering av ulike situasjoner med skarpe depresjoner og dybdebegrensede vertikale svakhetssoner viser at man ikke kan forvente å oppnå et entydig tolket bilde av den geologiske situasjonen dersom man benytter en forenklet tolkningsteknikk og har et begrenset datagrunnlag.\nResultatene som presenteres i denne rapporten viser at bl.a. at det er vanskelig å avgjøre entydig ut fra refrasjonsseismiske data om man har en svakhetssone under en skarp depresjon i fjellet. Syntetiske data fra to ulike modeller, begge uten svakhetssone under en depresjon, ble overlevert til en seismisk kontaktor for tolkning uten at tolkeren kjenner modellen på forhånd. Resultatene fra denne blindtesten viser at tolkeren legger inn en svakhetssone under depresjonen. Selv om tolkningsresultatet er i uoverensstemmelse med modellen, er ikke tolkningen feil. Mangel på entydighet i dataene gir rom for tolkninger. Blindtesten viser at tolkningen som presenters er konservativ.\nPresentasjon av flere tolkningsalternativer ville vært å foretrekke der situasjonen tilsier at dette kan være viktig. I forbindelse med skarpe depresjoner i fjell, kunne man for eksempel presentere to forskjellige tolkninger, de to ytterpunktene: En der man forsøker å forklare dataene ut fra variasjon i fjelltopografien (dyp og helning i depresjonen) og en der man antar et minimumsdyp og forklarer dataene fra hastighetsendringer. Forutsetningen for å gjøre dette er naturligvis at oppdragsgiver er villig til å betale for den ekstra tolkningsinnsatsen.
Glucose monitoring by microdialysis: performance in a multicentre study (2009)

These results demonstrate that this microdialysis system allows reliable continuous glucose monitoring in patients with diabetes of either type.
Superiority of [11C]methionine over [18F]deoxyglucose for PET Imaging of Multiple Cancer Types Due to the Methionine Addiction of Cancer (2023)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is widely used to detect cancers. The usual isotope for PET imaging of cancer is [<sup>18</sup>F]deoxyglucose. The premise of using [<sup>18</sup>F]deoxyglucose is that cancers are addicted to glucose (The Warburg effect). However, cancers are more severely addicted to methionine (The Hoffman effect). [<sup>11</sup>C]methionine PET (MET-PET) has been effectively used for the detection of glioblastoma and other cancers in the brain, and in comparison, MET-PET has been shown to be more sensitive and accurate than [<sup>18</sup>F]deoxyglucose PET (FDG-PET). However, MET-PET has been limited to cancers in the brain. The present report describes the first applications of MET-PET to cancers of multiple organs, including rectal, bladder, lung, and kidney. The results in each case show that MET-PET is superior to FDG-PET due to the methionine addiction of cancer and suggest that the broad application of MET-PET should be undertaken for cancer detection.
Mechanism for Performing Label Switched Path Ping (LSP Ping) over MPLS Tunnels (2011)

This document describes methods for performing LSP ping (specified in RFC 4379) traceroute over MPLS tunnels and for traceroute of stitched MPLS Label Switched Paths (LSPs).The techniques outlined in RFC 4379 are insufficient to perform traceroute Forwarding Equivalency Class (FEC) validation and path discovery for an LSP that goes over other MPLS tunnels or for a stitched LSP.This document deprecates the Downstream Mapping TLV (defined in RFC 4379) in favor of a new TLV that, along with other procedures outlined in this document, can be used to trace such LSPs.
Incorporation of Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Protein Subunits into Large Unilamellar and Multilamellar Liposomes (1992)

Virus proteins, obtained by the treatment of purified bovine herpesvirus 1 with detergents, were incorporated into large unilamellar (LUV) and multilamellar (MLV) liposomes. Their antigenicity was compared with that of virus proteins adsorbed onto LUV surface in mice. Both antibody levels and dynamics of antibody responses, examined by ELISA and RIA, confirmed a marked immunostimulatory effect of the liposomes. The most pronounced antibody responses were observed in animals injected with virus proteins incorporated into LUV, prepared from egg phospholipid, or adsorbed onto their surface. BOfJine herpesT.Jirus 1, fJirus proteins, antibody response, large unilamellar liposomes, multilamellar liposomes
Enhancement of cellular protein synthesis sensitivity to diphtheria toxin by interferon (1980)

In attempts to determine whether, by analogy to cholera and tetanus toxins, diphtheria toxin (DT) can also relieve the antiviral effect of interferon (IF), we found that it rather enhanced the inhibitory effect of IF on the replication of murine leukemia virus in chronically infected NIH/3T3 cells. This enhancement was found to be a consequence of an increased sensitivity to DT of cellular protein synthesis in IF-treated cells. IF stimulated the anti-protein synthesis activity of DT in both mouse cells that are known to be highly resistant to this toxin and in human HeLa cells that are highly sensitive to this toxin. This stimulation was dependent on IF dose. The effect of IF on DT action was strictly species specific, indicating that it was not a consequence of the mere binding of IF to the cell membrane, but rather reflected the cellular changes that followed this initial binding. IF was found to be capable of potentiating intact DT, but could not potentiate its fragments in any combination. IF did not have any effect on the in vitro nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide glycohydrolase activity of DT, suggesting that the effect of IF is not due to molecular modification of the toxin.