gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Real-Time Estimation of Muscle-Fiber Conduction Velocity Using Delay-Locked Loop (2016)

Decrease in muscle-fiber conduction velocity (MFCV) during sustained contraction has been widely accepted as myoelectric manifestation of muscle fatigue. Several methods have been proposed in the literature for MFCV estimation by analysing surface electromyography (EMG), e.g., cross-correlation (CC) function and maximum likelihood (ML). However, for all the availablemethods, windowing of the EMG signal and computationally demanding calculations are required, limiting the possibility to continuously monitor muscle fatigue in real time. In the present study, an adaptive scheme is proposed that permits real-time estimation of MFCV. The proposed scheme is based on a delay-lockedloop (DLL). Asecond-orderloop is adopted to track the delay variationover time. An error filter is employed to approximate a ML estimation in case of colored noise. Furthermore, the DLL system is extended for multichannel CV estimation. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated by both dedicated simulations and real EMG signals. Our results show the accuracy of the proposed method to be comparable to that of theML method formuch lower (1/40) computational complexity, especially suited for real-time MFCV measurements. Use of this method can enable new studies onmyoelectric fatigue, possibly leading to new insight on the underlying physiological processes.
Lung cancer cells survive epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor exposure through upregulation of cholesterol synthesis (2019)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) provide clinical benefits over chemotherapy for lung cancer patients with EGFR activating mutations. Despite initial clinical responses, long-term efficacy is not possible because of acquired resistance to these therapies. We have developed EGFR TKI drug-tolerant (DT) human lung cancer cell lines as a model for de novo resistance. Mass spectroscopic analysis revealed that the cytochrome P450 protein, CYP51A1 (Lanosterol 14α-demethylase), which is directly involved with cholesterol synthesis, was significantly upregulated in the DT cells. Total cellular cholesterol, and more specifically, mitochondrial cholesterol, were found to be upregulated in DT cells. We then used the CYP51A1 inhibitor, ketoconazole, to downregulate cholesterol synthesis. In both parental and DT cells, ketoconazole and EGFR TKIs acted synergistically to induce apoptosis and overcome the development of EGFR tolerance. Lastly, this combination therapy was shown to shrink the growth of tumors in an in vivo mouse model of EGFR TKI resistance. Thus, our study demonstrates for the first time that ketoconazole treatment inhibits upregulation of mitochondrial cholesterol and thereby overcomes EGFR-TKI resistance in lung cancer cells.
Crystalline Tetrahedral Phases Al1-xBxPSi3 and Al1-xBxAsT3 (T = Si, Ge) Via Reactions of Al(BH4)3 and M(TH3)3 (M = P, As) (2015)

Crystalline (III-V) 1-y (IV 2 ) y hybrid semiconductors Al 1-x B x PSi 3 and Al 1-x B x AsSi 3 have been grown on Si(001) substrates via reactions of Al(BH 4 ) 3 and M(SiH 3 ) 3 (M = P, As). These films are characterized for structure, composition, and phase morphology The materials form by interlinking III-V-IV 3 tetrahedral units that construct a cubic lattice with average diamond-like symmetry containing isolated III-V pairs. This synthetic approach was extended to alloy systems in which the III-V pairs are imbedded in a Ge-matrix using As(GeH 3 ) 3 . These materials are grown on Ge/Si(001) platforms and a comparative study of two growth methods is presented. One describes a low pressure CVD route via reactions of Al(BH 4 ) 3 and As(GeH 3 ) 3 , and the other is a gas-source MBE technique combining Al atoms from an effusion cell with the germyl-arsene precursor. Both sets of films are studied using aberration-corrected STEM. Globally the results show that Al(BH 4 ) 3 acts as a carbon-free source of Al compatible with CVD protocols.
Iterative Decomposition of Joint Chance Constraints in OPF (2020)

In chance-constrained OPF models, joint chance constraints (JCCs) offer a stronger guarantee on security compared to single chance constraints (SCCs). Using Boole's inequality or its improved versions to decompose JCCs into SCCs is popular, yet the conservativeness introduced is still significant. In this letter, a non-parametric iterative framework is proposed to achieve the decomposition of JCCs with negligible conservativeness. An adaptive risk allocation strategy is also proposed and embedded in the framework. Results on an IEEE test case show that the conservativeness using the framework is nearly eliminated, thereby reducing the generation cost considerably.
Genetic and Pharmacologic Inactivation of ANGPTL3 and Cardiovascular Disease (2017)

Genetic and therapeutic antagonism of ANGPTL3 in humans and of Angptl3 in mice was associated with decreased levels of all three major lipid fractions and decreased odds of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. (Funded by Regeneron Pharmaceuticals and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01749878 .).
DDIS-16. ONC201 IN COMBINATION WITH RADIATION EXHIBITS SYNERGISTIC EFFICACY IN HIGH GRADE GLIOMAS AND OTHER ADVANCED CANCERS (2018)

ONC201 is the first small molecule DRD2 antagonist for oncology that is being investigated as a single agent in advanced cancer clinical trials. Downstream of DRD2 antagonism, ONC201 activates the integrated stress response pathway and apoptosis. ONC201 has exhibited preclinical and clinical anti-tumor activity in high grade gliomas. Given that ONC201 exhibits broad synergy with anti-cancer drugs, excellent safety, and single agent activity in tumor types where radiation is used routinely, we evaluated the combination of ONC201 with radiation in solid tumors. Cell viability was evaluated in human and/or mouse breast, prostate and high-grade glioma cell lines in response to ONC201 (1 -10uM), radiation (2– 10Gy), or the combination. Incubation times ranged from 24 to 96 hours and the sequence of the two agents in combination was varied. Cell viability assays for ONC201 in combination with radiation in breast or prostate cancer cell lines revealed a cytotoxic response to the combination than was superior to either single agent. Western blot analysis of PC3 cells showed a synergistic induction of CHOP and ATF6 that are components of the integrated stress response. In MDA-MB-468 cells, Western blot analysis demonstrated a striking induction of PARP cleavage, a marker of caspase-mediated apoptosis, with 2 µM ONC201 in combination with 2 Gy radiation, whereas either single agent produced minimal PARP cleavage. In 4T1 murine triple-negative breast cancer subcutaneous tumors, the combination of oral ONC201 and radiation produced antitumor effects at subtherapeutic doses. In diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma cell lines, combination indices computed from cell viability experiments indicated modest synergy (~0.7 CI) for the combination ranging between 1–5 µM ONC201 and 2–10 Gy. ONC201 combines synergistically with radiation in high grade gliomas and other solid tumors.
Evaluation Distance Measures Between Gaussian Mixture Models of MFCCs (2007)

In music similarity and in the related task of genre classification, a distance measure between Gaussian mixture models is frequently needed. We present a comparison of the Kullback-Leibler distance, the earth movers distance and the normalized L2 distance for this application. Although the normalized L2 distance was slightly inferior to the Kullback-Leibler distance with respect to classification performance, it has the advantage of obeying the triangle inequality, which allows for efficient searching.
Fractionation of carboxylated carbon nanotubes and the corresponding variation in their colloidal behavior (2014)

Length dependent dispersibility of carboxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes is presented using a novel approach where a batch of carboxylated nanotubes was size sorted via ultracentrifugation into different fractions with lengths ranging from 150 to 950 nm. The different fractions had the same tube diameter and degree of oxidation. The dispersibility of the nanotube fractions showed dependence on the length where the longer tubes showed more aggregation in terms of larger particle size, zeta potential and lower critical coagulation concentrations (CCC) in the presence of electrolytes. It is hypothesized that the longer tubes formed a more complex electrostatic double layer that increased their entanglement and aggregation.
3-Iodothyronamine (T1AM) is a novel modulator of metabolic rate and glucose homeostasis (2007)

The currently available automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator has proven highly successful for termination of ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Newer devices, however, permit lower energy shocks to be delivered initially and longer episodes of arrhythmia to occur before shocks are delivered. These changes may result in longer durations of arrhythmia before successful termination. Little is known about the effects of the duration of ventricular fibrillation on the efficacy of defibrillating shocks. In this study, we examined the efficacy of defibrillating shocks in 22 patients undergoing automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation or generator change. Defibrillating shocks ranging from 300 to 600 V (5.9-24.2 J) were delivered in matched pairs after 5 and 15 seconds of ventricular fibrillation. For the 300-V shocks (5.9 J), defibrillation was accomplished in 82% of patients when the shocks were given after 5 seconds of ventricular fibrillation and in only 45% of patients when the shocks were delivered after 15 seconds (p less than 0.01). At higher energies, there was no difference in the efficacy of defibrillation shocks delivered after 5 compared with 15 seconds of ventricular fibrillation. The postshock aortic, systolic, and diastolic blood pressures were significantly lower when the shocks were given after 15 seconds of ventricular fibrillation than after only 5 seconds. We conclude that the duration of ventricular fibrillation affects defibrillation efficacy especially at energies that are relatively low compared with maximal device outputs and that longer episodes of ventricular fibrillation cause more postshock hemodynamic depression. These observations have implications for defibrillation threshold testing at the time of device implantation and for the design and programming of future automatic implantable antitachycardia devices.
Rethinking Natural Adversarial Examples for Classification Models (2021)

Recently, it was found that many real-world examples without intentional modifications can fool machine learning models, and such examples are called "natural adversarial examples". ImageNet-A is a famous dataset of natural adversarial examples. By analyzing this dataset, we hypothesized that large, cluttered and/or unusual background is an important reason why the images in this dataset are difficult to be classified. We validated the hypothesis by reducing the background influence in ImageNet-A examples with object detection techniques. Experiments showed that the object detection models with various classification models as backbones obtained much higher accuracy than their corresponding classification models. A detection model based on the classification model EfficientNet-B7 achieved a top-1 accuracy of 53.95%, surpassing previous state-of-the-art classification models trained on ImageNet, suggesting that accurate localization information can significantly boost the performance of classification models on ImageNet-A. We then manually cropped the objects in images from ImageNet-A and created a new dataset, named ImageNet-A-Plus. A human test on the new dataset showed that the deep learning-based classifiers still performed quite poorly compared with humans. Therefore, the new dataset can be used to study the robustness of classification models to the internal variance of objects without considering the background disturbance.
Temperature-Sensitive Mutants of Type I Streptococcus pneumoniae: Preparation, Characterization, and Evidence for Attenuation and Immunogenicity (1977)

Thirteen temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of type I Streptococcus pneumoniae were selected after exposure of virulent wild-type (ts+) organisms to nitrosoguanidine. Each mutant resembled the ts+ parent in properties of α-hemolysis, bile solubility, optochin sensitivity, antibiotic sensitivity, and serotype. Unlike the ts+ parent, however, each ts mutant was restricted in its capacity to form colonies on blood agar at 38 C. With the exception of two mutants, there was a correlation between the degree of temperature-sensitivity of a mutant and its genetic stability. When inoculated intraperitoneally into mice, 11 of 13 mutants were attenuated and induced homologous resistance. Three mutants (ts 1, ts 3, and ts 4) were also studied in hamsters and were found to be attenuated and immunogenic after intraperitoneal injection. Study of the behavior of mutants ts 1, ts 3, and ts 4 in the blood of hamsters suggested that attenuation may be related, in part, to decreased growth and survival of ts organisms at body temperature. Mutants ts 1 and ts 4 were completely attenuated for hamsters when administered intranasally and induced significant resistance to subsequent challenge with wild-type organisms by the same route. Local administration of ts mutants of type I S. pneumoniae to hamsters may provide a model for evaluating the potential of live vaccines in the prevention of disease due to bacterial respiratory tract pathogens.
Cell selection based on shadowing variation for forward link broadband OFCDM packet wireless access (2003)

This paper proposes cell (sector) selection based on shadowing variation for forward-link orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) packet wireless access. We clarify its effects using a broadband propagation channel model in a comparison with fast cell selection (FCS) which tracks the fading variation and conventional cell selection (CS) utilizing the distance-dependent path loss, based on radio link level simulations that take into account instantaneous fading and shadowing variations. The simulation results clarify that the achievable throughput with FCS improves slightly in a broadband channel with an increasing number of paths when the average path-loss difference between two cells is greater than 2 dB. Nevertheless, we elucidate that the optimum CS interval equals that for tracking the shadowing variation, i.e., approximately 100 msec considering high mobility, caused by reducing the degradation in throughput when the cell with lower received power is selected, which suffers from shadowing variation. Consequently, we show that the average throughput by employing CS based on shadowing variation with the selection interval of 100 msec is increased by approximately 5 and 15% compared to that with the selection interval of 1 sec, which only tracks distance-dependent path loss, for the maximum Doppler frequency of 20 and 200 Hz, respectively.
A tabulated summary of the FDG PET literature. (2001)

TO THE EDITOR: 

We read and re-read your outstanding supplement titled “A Tabulated Summary of the FDG PET Literature” ([1][1]). It helps take the world literature and put it in perspective. This has already helped us discuss the pros and cons of PET imaging in pancreatic carcinoma with a
Mechanical Design of a Robotic Gait-Training Device, that is meant to assist in the Rehabilitation of Stroke Subjects (2004)

keywords: Gait rehabilitation, stroke, robot mediated therapy, compliant actuation
Supplementary Figure Legends from Tumor-Promoting Desmoplasia Is Disrupted by Depleting FAP-Expressing Stromal Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legend 1-8.&lt;/p&gt;
Cationic initiation of oligomerization of vinylformamide (1997)

Abstract Vinylformamide (VFA) is cationically polymerized in various solvents at 273 K and reaction temperature by the following initiators: iodine, bis(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐methyl chloride/silica, triphenylmethyl chloride/silica, and trimethylsilyl triflate. In every case defined oligomers with narrow molecular weight distribution are obtained in moderate yield (20–50%). Acid hydrolysis of the obtained oligomers yields well defined oligovinylamine products. The cationic initiation mechanism of VFA is discussed in terms of the HSAB‐concept HSAB: Hard and soft acids and bases.
Ordering in asymmetric poly (ethylene–propylene)–poly (ethylethylene) diblock copolymer thin films (1994)

We have used neutron reflection and phase contrast microscopy to investigate the morphology and surface topology of thin films of nearly symmetric (f=0.55) and asymmetric (f=0.77), poly (ethylene–propylene)–poly (ethylethylene) (PEP–PEE) diblock copolymers (f being the PEP volume fraction) and have identified three important differences in their ordering properties. First, annealed films of the asymmetric diblocks do not form the lamellar microstructure found in symmetric diblocks; their structure can instead be modeled in terms of the hexagonal packing of PEE cylinders observed in bulk small-angle neutron scattering measurements. However, the cylinders show in-plane distortions, which we interpret in the context of nonintegral layering. These distortions are amplified at the surfaces where the PEE assumes lamellarlike form. Second, as-cast films of the asymmetric diblock are characterized by a microstructure lacking long-range order, pinned between strongly segregated PEE at both surfaces. These films can be equilibrated through annealing, leading to the well-ordered structures described earlier. The changes with annealing are surprising given that both PEP and PEE are well above their glass transitions at room temperature. Finally, the block asymmetry and the associated cylindrical structure in the interior are also manifested in the surface topology. Thin films of asymmetric PEP–PEE are smooth on a macroscopic scale unlike their symmetric counterparts, which form islands on the surface to accommodate films of nonintegral lamellar thicknesses.
Locus specific human endogenous retroviruses reveal new lymphoma subtypes (2023)

The heterogeneity of cancers are driven by diverse mechanisms underlying oncogenesis such as differential 'cell-of-origin' (COO) progenitors, mutagenesis, and viral infections. Classification of B-cell lymphomas have been defined by considering these characteristics. However, the expression and contribution of transposable elements (TEs) to B cell lymphoma oncogenesis or classification have been overlooked. We hypothesized that incorporating TE signatures would increase the resolution of B-cell identity during healthy and malignant conditions. Here, we present the first comprehensive, locus-specific characterization of TE expression in benign germinal center (GC) B-cells, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-positive and EBV-negative Burkitt lymphoma (BL), and follicular lymphoma (FL). Our findings demonstrate unique human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) signatures in the GC and lymphoma subtypes whose activity can be used in combination with gene expression to define B-cell lineage in lymphoid malignancies, highlighting the potential of retrotranscriptomic analyses as a tool in lymphoma classification, diagnosis, and the identification of novel treatment groups.
Guest Editorial OFC 2015 Special Issue (2016)

The papers in this special issue were presented at the Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2015, which took place in March in Los Angeles, CA. These papers document the state of the art in optical fiber technology and networks in greater depth than is possible in the limited format of the conference technical digest.
Neutrophil-derived matrix metalloproteinase-9 is a potent activator of trypsinogen in acinar cells in acute pancreatitis (2011)

MMPs are generally considered to regulate degradation and remodeling of the ECM. Convincing data also implicate a role for MMPs in inflammatory conditions, such as AP, although the mechanisms are not known. The aim of this study was to define the role of MMPs in regulating activation of trypsinogen and tissue damage in AP, which was induced by infusion of taurocholate into the pancreatic duct in mice. A broad-spectrum MMP inhibitor (BB-94) and MMP-9 gene-deficient mice were used. Neutrophil secretions and rMMP-9 were used to stimulate trypsinogen activation in isolated acinar cells. Taurocholate challenge increased serum amylase, neutrophil infiltration, MIP-2 (CXCL2) formation, trypsinogen activation, and tissue damage in the pancreas. Treatment with the broad-spectrum inhibitor of MMPs, BB-94, markedly reduced activation of trypsinogen, levels of CXCL2, infiltration of neutrophils, and tissue damage in AP. Taurocholate challenge increased serum levels of MMP-9 but not MMP-2. Taurocholate-induced amylase levels, neutrophil accumulation, production of CXCL2, trypsinogen activation, and tissue damage in the pancreas were abolished in MMP-9-deficient mice. Moreover, secretions from activated neutrophils isolated from WT but not from MMP-9-deficient animals stimulated trypsinogen activation in acinar cells. Notably, rMMP-9 greatly enhanced activation of trypsinogen in acinar cells. These findings demonstrate that neutrophil-derived MMP-9 is a potent activator of trypsinogen in acinar cells and regulates pathological inflammation and tissue damage in AP.
Synthesis and reactions of perfluoro dialdehydes (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and reactions of perfluoro dialdehydesRichard B. Greenwald and David H. EvansCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 8, 1470–1472Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00870a042RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (403 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Engineering Microtools in Polymers to Study Cell Biology (2003)

Abstract Recent advances in surface engineering and soft lithography provide tools to fabricate patterned surfaces and microfluidic devices with dimensions comparable to the sizes of single mammalian cells. These technologies enable the studies of individual cells on spatially well‐defined, patterned surfaces, and in contact with patterned liquid media. They provide information about cells impossible to obtain from traditional biochemical techniques.