gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strongly turbulent stabilization of electron beam-plasma interactions (1980)

The stabilization of electron beam interactions due to strongly turbulent nonlinearities is studied analytically and numerically for a wide range of plasma parameters. A fluid mode coupling code is described in which the effects of electron and ion Landau damping and linear growth due to the energetic electron beam are included in a phenomenological manner. Stabilization of the instability is found to occur when the amplitudes of the unstable modes exceed the threshold of the oscillating two-stream instability. The coordinate space structure of the turbulent spectrum which results clearly shows that soliton-like structures are formed by this process. Phenomenological models of both the initial stabilization and the asymptotic states are developed. Scaling laws between the beam-plasma growth rate and the fluctuations in the fields and plasma density are found in both cases, and shown to be in good agreement with the results of the simulation.
Complete and Partial Resuscitative Endovascular Balloon Occlusion of the Aorta for Hemorrhagic Shock (2022)

Resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) devices grew out of a military-civilian partnership to develop new capabilities for hemorrhage control. With the advent of purpose-built devices, REBOA has become increasingly common in civilian trauma and acute care settings. Currently available REBOA catheters were designed as complete aortic occlusion devices. However, the therapeutic window for complete aortic occlusion is time-limited due to ischemia-reperfusion injury. The partial procedure allows blood flow past the level of occlusion while maintaining targeted proximal pressure, which has been shown to reduce distal ischemia and adjunctive resuscitation requirements in preclinical studies with prolonged occlusion times as compared to traditional complete occlusion. pREBOA-PRO is the first catheter designed to enable partial and complete aortic occlusion and is currently in limited market release at seven Level I trauma centers in North America. This paper will focus on procedural considerations for REBOA, including patient selection criteria and a comparison of complete and partial aortic occlusion in a simulator, along with highlighting critical steps to improve clinical outcomes. Additionally, this paper reviews a contrast-enhanced CT scan from a trauma patient that shows distal perfusion after 2 h of partial aortic occlusion using this newly designed catheter and discusses representative results from the limited market release to highlight the profound effect of technological innovation on outcomes in vascular emergencies.
O2‐09‐02: A UNIFIED PRE‐ANALYTICAL PROTOCOL FOR HANDLING OF CSF SAMPLES BEFORE ANALYSES OF AD BIOMARKER LEVELS (2018)

The core AD CSF biomarkers can be used to identify AD-related pathology. Improvements of immunoassays give higher precision and lower between-laboratory variations. CSF samples are today handled differently in different studies and clinical sites, and many pre-analytical factors may affect AD biomarker levels. We need a unified pre-analytical protocol to be used across academia and industry, which will allow establishment of global cut-offs for these biomarkers. The Alzheimer Association leads a consortium with academy and industry partners, aiming at presenting a unified pre-analytical protocol for routine use during 2018. The group reviewed the literature and proposed a draft for a unified pre-analytical protocol. The group also identified several issues that need to be evaluated experimentally. In all experiments, we use the following “standard of truth”: CSF dripped from a LP needle directly into a LowBind tube and analyzed within the next hours without any further pre-analytical handling. The aim is to establish a protocol with as few steps as possible for CSF handling. We suggest that CSF can be collected non-fasting. We recommend to discard the first 2 ml CSF, after which 1-2 ml CSF for analyses of AD biomarkers should be dripped directly into a LowBind tube. Except for this 1-2 ml portion taken by the drip method, further CSF collected afterwards for other analyses may be taken by syringe pull (or the drip method) depending on local traditions. The CSF should not be transferred to any other tube before analysis. Considering that many laboratories will not analyse CSF AD biomarkers on a daily basis, we now determine whether CSF can be stored at RT or 4°C for more than 24 h or if the CSF samples need to be stored at -20°C, and whether centrifugation is needed. Further, we study whether the CSF tube filling volume matters when LowBind tubes are used, and whether mixing is needed before measurement. At AAIC our new results from on-going experiments will be presented, and a draft of the unified pre-analytical protocol. This is the first step to unify industry and academia on such a protocol in AD.
Towards Static Contact Multiphysics of Rough Surfaces (2012)

This paper is describing the current status of ongoing work on developing a comprehensive modeling and simulation infrastructure capable of addressing the multiphysics behavior aspects of rough surfaces in contact. The electrical and thermal response of bodies in contact under the influence of mechanical load electric currents and thermal fluxes, is a topic of interest for many application areas. We are presenting a multiscale theory leading to derivations of expressions of electric and thermal conductivities for the case of static contact. The associated model contains both an asperity based comprehensive model as well as its continuum level coupling. The mechanical pressure and the repulsion effect from electric current through the micro-contacts as well as temperature and strain rate dependence of the plastic behavior of the asperity are accounted for as well. This formalism enables the derivation of physical properties from surface topography and bulk material properties for the interface between two rough surfaces in contact. Numerical analysis results present the dependence of the derived properties from the surface characteristics applied external load and the electric current.
A fault-tolerant control scheme for a dual flux-switching permanent magnet motor drive (2011)

A novel fault tolerant flux-switching permanent magnet synchronous machine (FS-PMSM) drive topology is presented able to operate during open and short circuit winding and converter faults. The scheme is based on a dual winding motor supplied from two separate vector controlled, voltage sourced inverter drives. The windings are arranged in a way so as to form two independent and isolated sets. Simulation and experimental work will detail the drive's performance during both healthy and faulty scenarios and will show the drive robustness to operate with faults.
When am (additive manufacturing) meets ae (acoustic emission) and AI (artificial intelligence) (2022)

Acoustic Emission (AE) is an effective method to monitor and control the quality in different technical processes and phenomena, including tribology and fracture mechanics. However, in highly dynamic processes such as Laser Additive Manufacturing (LAM) of metal, the processing of AE signals is very burdensome. At the same time, artificial intelligence (AI) has been considered as a new and powerful tool to overcome the complexity of the large data processing with a reasonable computational time. In this contribution, we have summarized our prior works. To start with, we demonstrated that the combination of AE with state-of-the-art signal processing including AI makes it possible to differentiate several process conditions, workpiece quality and materials. Then, we present some limitations when changing process parameters and materials. Finally, we also introduce alternative AI methods to reduce the amount of data needed to train the AI algorithms as well as transfer the knowledge from one material to another one. This will give the reader an overview of the advances of monitoring the LAM process combining AE with AI techniques to make a significant step forward in in situ and real-time process monitoring and quality control. In particular,
Koszul Information Geometry and Souriau Geometric Temperature/Capacity of Lie Group Thermodynamics (2014)

The François Massieu 1869 idea to derive some mechanical and thermal properties of physical systems from “Characteristic Functions”, was developed by Gibbs and Duhem in thermodynamics with the concept of potentials, and introduced by Poincaré in probability. This paper deals with generalization of this Characteristic Function concept by Jean-Louis Koszul in Mathematics and by Jean-Marie Souriau in Statistical Physics. The Koszul-Vinberg Characteristic Function (KVCF) on convex cones will be presented as cornerstone of “Information Geometry” theory, defining Koszul Entropy as Legendre transform of minus the logarithm of KVCF, and Fisher Information Metrics as hessian of these dual functions, invariant by their automorphisms. In parallel, Souriau has extended the Characteristic Function in Statistical Physics looking for other kinds of invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its momentum space, defining physical observables like energy, heat and momentum as pure geometrical objects. In covariant Souriau model, Gibbs equilibriums states are indexed by a geometric parameter, the Geometric (Planck) Temperature, with values in the Lie algebra of the dynamical Galileo/Poincaré groups, interpreted as a space-time vector, giving to the metric tensor a null Lie derivative. Fisher Information metric appears as the opposite of the derivative of Mean “Moment map” by geometric temperature, equivalent to a Geometric Capacity or Specific Heat. We will synthetize the analogies between both Koszul and Souriau models, and will reduce their definitions to the exclusive Cartan “Inner Product”. Interpreting Legendre transform as Fourier transform in (Min,+) algebra, we conclude with a definition of Entropy given by a relation mixing Fourier/Laplace transforms: Entropy = (minus) Fourier(Min,+) o Log o Laplace(+,X).
A frequency-tunable metamaterial-based antenna using a reconfigurable AMC groundplane (2014)

The design of a low-profile narrowband antenna that is tunable over a wide frequency range is presented. A spline-based Ultra-Wideband (UWB) antenna is synthesized by means of a time-domain-based PSO and is mounted on top of a reconfigurable Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) obtained by replicating a square unit cell in a 15×15 periodic lattice. The AMC is composed by a planar array of periodic metallic strips printed on top of a PEC-backed dielectric substrate, connected by tunable capacitors (varactors), and has been designed to work within the 1-4 [GHz] bandwidth. The reflection coefficient of the resulting narrowband antenna system can be easily controlled inside a wide frequency range by tuning the capacitance value C of the varactors inside the AMC groundplane.
Assessment of the emergence of Alzheimer's disease following coronary artery bypass graft surgery or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty1 (2005)

Post-Operative Cognitive Decline (POCD) is a complication of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery and is consistent with reduced neuronal reserve. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of Veterans Affairs (VA) patients undergoing CABG or PTCA between October 1, 1996 and September 30, 1997 to examine if CABG surgery is associated with the earlier emergence of cognitive impairment such as Alzheimer's Disease (AD). The emergence of dementia following CABG surgery was compared to dementia in a cardiac population undergoing percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA). Patients were followed from the date of their procedure until September 30, 2002, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease or death. Cox proportional hazards models were used to compare the risk of AD development. Patients analyzed were > or = 55 yrs old without baseline dementia. The results show that a total of 119 patients (CABG = 78; PTCA = 41) developed AD during the follow-up period. The adjusted risk of AD associated with CABG versus PTCA was 1.71 (95% CI, 1.02 to 2.87; p = 0.04). These results suggest that patients undergoing CABG surgery were at increased risk for the emergence of AD than those undergoing PTCA. These data support the hypothesis that CABG surgery is associated with a reduced neuronal reserve in an aging population.
Clarification of the Supercooling and Heat Storage Efficiency Calculation Formula for Shape-Stabilized Phase Change Materials (2022)

It is essential to determine the heat storage efficiency of shape-stabilized phase change materials (ss-PCMs). In two published articles, the formula for heat storage efficiency is presented using two distinct equations. Using the two equations, the calculated values for heat storage efficiency revealed significant discrepancies. The outcomes cannot be compared. The evaluation of heat storage efficiency has a substantial impact on the practical application of PCMs and serves as a performance benchmark for the PCM samples that have been tested. In this paper, the correct equations for calculating the efficiency of heat storage are presented. Furthermore, it is essential to note that the methods used to calculate the supercooling value are not straightforward. Consequently, this paper clarified the correct formula and/or method for determining the supercooling value and heat storage efficiency of ss-PCMs.
Breakdown of Mucosal Immunity in the Gut and Resultant Systemic Sensitization by Oral Antigens in a Murine Model for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (2005)

Secreted IgA plays a pivotal role in the mucosal immunity to maintain the front line of body defense. We found that the level of fecal IgA was dramatically decreased in aged (NZB x NZW)F(1) (BWF(1)) mice developing lupus nephritis, whereas levels in similarly aged New Zealand Black (NZB) and New Zealand White (NZW) mice remained unchanged compared with young mice. The number of cells obtained from Peyer's patches was markedly decreased in aged BWF(1) mice. Aged BWF(1) mice showed increased susceptibility to pathogenic bacterial infection. Furthermore, oral administration of OVA failed to inhibit secondary IgG response induced by systemic immunization, suggesting defective oral tolerance in aged BWF(1) mice. A significant amount of orally administered OVA was incorporated directly into the intestinal lamina propria in aged BWF(1) mice whereas it was mainly localized in subepithelial domes and interfollicular region in Peyer's patches in young mice. T cells obtained from renal and pulmonary lymph nodes of aged BWF(1) mice that had been orally administered with OVA showed an Ag-specific T cell proliferation, whereas those from young BWF(1), aged NZB, and aged NZW mice did not. Interestingly, aerosol exposure to OVA of aged BWF(1) mice, which had been orally administered with the same Ag, provoked an eosinophil infiltration in the lung. These results demonstrate that mucosal immunity in the gut is impaired and oral Ags induce systemic sensitization instead of oral tolerance in the development of murine lupus.
1,2,3‐Thiadiazole Substituted Pyrazolones as Potent KDR/VEGFR‐2 Kinase Inhibitors. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Glutamate Agonist Homocysteine Sulfinic Acid Stimulates Glucose Uptake through the Calcium-dependent AMPK-p38 MAPK-Protein Kinase C ζ Pathway in Skeletal Muscle Cells (2010)

Homocysteine sulfinic acid (HCSA) is a homologue of the amino acid cysteine and a selective metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) agonist. However, the metabolic role of HCSA is poorly understood. In this study, we showed that HCSA and glutamate stimulated glucose uptake in C2C12 mouse myoblast cells and increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis revealed that C2C12 expresses mGluR5. HCSA transiently increased the intracellular calcium concentration. Although α-methyl-4-carboxyphenylglycine, a metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonist, blocked the action of HCSA in intracellular calcium response and AMPK phosphorylation, 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione, an AMPA antagonist, did not exhibit such effects. Knockdown of mGluR5 with siRNA blocked HCSA-induced AMPK phosphorylation. Pretreatment of cells with STO-609, a calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) inhibitor, blocked HCSA-induced AMPK phosphorylation, and knockdown of CaMKK blocked HCSA-induced AMPK phosphorylation. In addition, HCSA activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). Expression of dominant-negative AMPK suppressed HCSA-mediated phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and inhibition of AMPK and p38 MAPK blocked HCSA-induced glucose uptake. Phosphorylation of protein kinase C ζ (PKCζ) was also increased by HCSA. Pharmacologic inhibition or knockdown of p38 MAPK blocked HCSA-induced PKCζ phosphorylation, and knockdown of PKCζ suppressed the HCSA-induced increase of cell surface GLUT4. The stimulatory effect of HCSA on cell surface GLUT4 was impaired in FITC-conjugated PKCζ siRNA-transfected cells. Together, the above results suggest that HCSA may have a beneficial role in glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle cells via stimulation of AMPK.
Heritability Estimates of Endophenotypes of Long and Health Life: The Long Life Family Study (2010)

These PCs analysis-derived endophenotypes may be used in genetic association studies to help identify underlying genetic mechanisms that drive exceptional survival in this and other populations.
<title>Deconvolution Technique For The Improvement Of Contrast Of Image Intensifiers</title> (1981)

A mathematical filter which improves the contrast response of image intensifiers is derived. The filter is obtained by inverting the point spread function (PSF) of the system. A point spread function which takes into account the spread of light in the image intensi-fier system is proposed using physical arguments. The PSF has two parameters which are the range and the fraction of light which spreads. These two parameters are determined by a least squares fit to the experimentally measured data. The inverse filter is used in the deconvolution of video images. The results indicate that a substantial improvement in the contrast ratio of the system can be achieved by this technique.*
The genetic landscape of high-risk neuroblastoma (2013)

Neuroblastoma is a malignancy of the developing sympathetic nervous system that often presents with widespread metastatic disease, resulting in survival rates of less than 50%. To determine the spectrum of somatic mutation in high-risk neuroblastoma, we studied 240 affected individuals (cases) using a combination of whole-exome, genome and transcriptome sequencing as part of the Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments (TARGET) initiative. Here we report a low median exonic mutation frequency of 0.60 per Mb (0.48 nonsilent) and notably few recurrently mutated genes in these tumors. Genes with significant somatic mutation frequencies included ALK (9.2% of cases), PTPN11 (2.9%), ATRX (2.5%, and an additional 7.1% had focal deletions), MYCN (1.7%, causing a recurrent p.Pro44Leu alteration) and NRAS (0.83%). Rare, potentially pathogenic germline variants were significantly enriched in ALK, CHEK2, PINK1 and BARD1. The relative paucity of recurrent somatic mutations in neuroblastoma challenges current therapeutic strategies that rely on frequently altered oncogenic drivers.
LiNbO_3 platforms for optical fiber alignment (1998)

A technique for incorporating a groove into a LiNbO(3) substrate is described. Both V grooves for fiber alignment and vertical grooves for waveguide end-face formation can be fabricated with this technique. The proposed fabrication method is based on an excimer-laser ablation and a high-speed rotation saw cut for LiNbO(3) . The former process provides a variety of cross-sectional groove shapes by changing the ablation mask shape of LiNbO(3) , and the latter provides an optical-quality cutting face. The proposed fabrication method is simple and provides low-cost optical platforms not only for LiNbO(3) but also for glasses, polymers, and semiconductors.
Stochastic simulation of SFQ logic (1997)

The high speed and low power of Single Flux Quantum logic (SFQ) are extremely attractive, and significant capabilities have been demonstrated in Nb technology. However the burden of cooling to 4.2K has been a barrier to its widespread implementation. The advent of High Temperature Superconductors (HTS), raises the prospect of more accessible temperatures. This paper examines some theoretical constraints on the implementation of SFQ in HTS, and derives some ideas about the parameters required of any HTS SFQ technology.
Output observer based feedback for soft landing of electromechanical camless valvetrain actuator (2002)

Electromechanical valvetrain (EMV) actuators can replace the camshaft allowing for electronically controlled variable valve timing (VVT) on a new generation of engines. Before EMV actuators can be used in production vehicles two critical problems need to be resolved. First, impact velocities between the valve, valve seat, and the actuator itself need to be small to avoid excessive wear on the system and ensure acceptable levels of noise. Second, the opening and closing of the valve needs to be both fast and consistent to avoid collision with the piston and to reduce variability in trapped mass. This paper presents an observer based output feedback controller designed to achieve these goals. Theoretical analysis and experimental results of the controller are provided. The experimental results show a factor of six reduction in impact velocity and consistent and quick valve timing.
Superovulation protocols (2013)

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Chemistry of Polymer and Ceramic-Based Injectable Scaffolds and Their Applications in Regenerative Medicine (2011)

Injectable scaffolds are a class of materials that stimulate the regeneration of functional tissue within the body. These materials are attracting interest in regenerative medicine because they allow tissue repair to occur after minimally invasive administration. From a chemistry perspective these materials present new challenges because they must convert from an injectable material to a solid or gel with appropriate kinetics and without damaging surrounding tissues. Furthermore, the material may have to carry living cells or sensitive drug molecules into the body. The demands placed on these materials have stimulated research into novel chemical and physical mechanisms of forming porous structures within aqueous conditions. This review examines the underlying chemistry of a number of classes of injectable scaffolds and sets out challenges for these materials in the future.