gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Light Exposure during Anodization on Photoluminescence of Porous Si (1992)

Photoluminescence study has been carried out on porous Si which has been prepared from p-type Si wafers either by anodization under light illumination (photoanodization) or by anodization in the dark. It has been found that the photoanodization makes the luminescence peak wavelength shorter and the luminescence intensity stronger. As a result of these effects, visible red light luminescence has been reproducibly obtained. These effects have been found to be more pronounced when highly concentrated HF solutions are used for anodization. Scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy showed no distinct differences in microstructure or crystallinity between the photoanodized and in-dark anodized porous Si.
Management of women at risk for malignancy (2000)

Family history plays an important role in breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancers. The increasing availability of genetic testing has forced women with these malignancies and their physicians to confront new questions regarding screening and prevention. This review highlights the screening for and prevention of breast, ovarian, and colorectal cancer in women at risk for malignancy.
Enhancement of Tumor Contrast on Radioimmunoscans by Using Mixtures of Monoclonal Antibody F(ab’)2 Fragments (1986)

F(ab')2 fragments of MAbs GA 73-3 (IgG 2 a) and CO 29.11 (IgG 1), which detect distinct antigenic determinants on adenocarcinoma cells of the gastrointestinal tract, were labeled with 131I using the iodogen method. 41 nude mice bearing SW-948 CRC tumors were injected either with a mixture of 100 microCi (11 micrograms) each (n = 9) of the two 131I-F(ab')2 fragments or with either fragment alone at various doses (each group consisting of 8 mice): GA 73-3, 100 microCi (11 micrograms) and 200 microCi (25 micrograms); CO 29.11, 100 microCi (11 micrograms) and 200 microCi (26 micrograms). Whole-body images of the mice were obtained daily for up to six days after injection. Ratios of cpm/pixel in the tumor to those in the rest of the body (rob), representing tumor contrast, were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in the group of mice injected with the mixture (3.9 +/- 1.5) as compared to those given 100 or 200 microCi of either fragment separately. The biological half-life (T1/2 biol.) of the mixture (44.7 +/- 14.5 h) in the CRC tumors was significantly (p less than 0.05) longer than T1/2 biol. determined in the groups given either fragment alone. T1/2 biol. in the rob was similar in all groups of mice examined.
A computational knowledge-base elucidates the response of Staphylococcus aureus to different media types (2019)

S. aureus is classified as a serious threat pathogen and is a priority that guides the discovery and development of new antibiotics. Despite growing knowledge of S. aureus metabolic capabilities, our understanding of its systems-level responses to different media types remains incomplete. Here, we develop a manually reconstructed genome-scale model (GEM-PRO) of metabolism with 3D protein structures for S. aureus USA300 str. JE2 containing 854 genes, 1,440 reactions, 1,327 metabolites and 673 3-dimensional protein structures. Computations were in 85% agreement with gene essentiality data from random barcode transposon site sequencing (RB-TnSeq) and 68% agreement with experimental physiological data. Comparisons of computational predictions with experimental observations highlight: 1) cases of non-essential biomass precursors; 2) metabolic genes subject to transcriptional regulation involved in Staphyloxanthin biosynthesis; 3) the essentiality of purine and amino acid biosynthesis in synthetic physiological media; and 4) a switch to aerobic fermentation upon exposure to extracellular glucose elucidated as a result of integrating time-course of quantitative exo-metabolomics data. An up-to-date GEM-PRO thus serves as a knowledge-based platform to elucidate S. aureus' metabolic response to its environment.
Nonequilibrium Anisotropic Colloidal Single-Crystal Growth with DNA* (2020)

Anisotropic colloidal crystals are materials with novel optical and electronic properties. This chapter shows DNA-mediated crystallization of two types of nanoparticles with different hydrodynamic radii that form highly anisotropic, hexagonal prism microcrystals with AB2 crystallographic symmetry. The crystal shape of atomic systems is an external expression of internal structure. The shape that a set of atoms adopts is largely dictated by the configurations of valence electrons unique to each atom and crystallization conditions. The chapter shows that combining nanoparticles of different sizes can alter the interface kinetics in the system, leading to the formation of highly anisotropic single crystals. The DNA shells around the nanoparticle core can be compressed with the addition of salt, which decreases the repulsion between DNA strands within the overlap region and results in compression of the superlattice. The crystal growth rate is dependent upon many variables that vary as a function of both particle and facet type.
Displaying dynamic information (2001)

In this paper I introduce the problem of displaying dynamic information. I give several examples where an individual must interact with information that is changing beyond her control. The challenge in displaying this information is to discover how the user's context can be maintained while giving her access to the new information that becomes available. The user should feel in control of the information despite the fact that it is changing. This can be done effectively by understanding what conceptual anchors the user creates into the data, and keeping them constant while changing the other information as needed.
Calcite shape modulation through the lattice mismatch between the self-assembled monolayer template and the nucleated crystal face (2007)

The shapes of biologically formed calcite crystals are extremely versatile. Numerous studies have addressed the possible biological mechanism of crystal shape regulation. Synthetic assays have shown that the shape and morphology of calcite crystals can be modulated by inorganic or organic solution additives. Hardly any studies have to date discussed the concept of controlling the shape of these crystals by organic nucleating surfaces. We show in this paper that self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) that template calcite nucleation have two pronounced effects: in addition to inducing the highly oriented crystal growth (the phenomenon that we have extensively described in our previous studies), each SAM induces a clear modification of the calcite shape from its equilibrium rhombohedron. We demonstrate that this change in shape originates from the anisotropy of lattice mismatches that develop between the nucleating crystal face and the organic SAM in different directions. We present a model that gives qualitative predictions for the shape of crystals grown on a variety of SAM substrates, as a function of lattice mismatch, and show that these shapes correlate extremely well with the experimental results. We believe that this mechanism might be utilized by organisms in the biomineralization process.
Protected electrode structures and methods (2023)

An electrode structure and its method of manufacture are disclosed. The disclosed electrode structures may be manufactured by depositing a first release layer on a first carrier substrate. A first protective layer may be deposited on a surface of the first release layer and a first electroactive material layer may then be deposited on the first protective layer. The first protective layer may have a low mean peak to valley surface roughness and/or may be thin. In some embodiments, an interface between the first protective layer and the first electroactive material layer has a low mean peak to valley surface roughness.
CFD Simulations of Flow and Heat Transfer in a Zigzag Channel With Flow Pulsation (2010)

Heat transfer enhancement by pulsating flow in a zigzag channel has been numerically studied using a commercial CFD software for the ranges of laminar flow 0 &lt; Re &lt; 550. The influence of inclination angle α of the zigzag channel and oscillation parameters is investigated. The amplitude of the pulsatile flow was varied between 0.5 mm and 4 mm. The frequency f ranges between 0.5 Hz and 5.5 Hz. For steady flow, fluid mixing is promoted by self induced fluctuation due to the instability of the flow. The Reynolds number Re for the occurrence of significant eddy decreases with increase of the inclination angle of the channel. Superposition of oscillation additionally promotes further fluid mixing by the propagation of different scales of vortices. In comparison to straight channels, significant heat transfer in the laminar regime is possible using a zigzag channel with inclination angle greater than 15°. Further intensification of the heat transfer is possible with superposition of oscillation on the main flow through the channel. However, the heat transfer enhancement due to imposed oscillation is found to increase with decreasing Reynolds number. The effect of the imposed oscillation yields heat transfer enhancement E of up to 1.41 when compared with steady flow in zigzag channel at Reynolds number Re = 107, frequency f = 2.17 Hz and oscillation amplitude A = 1mm using a zigzag channel with an inclination angle α = 15°. Further heat transfer enhancement E of up to 1.80 at the same flow and oscillation conditions is possible with a zigzag channel having inclination angle α = 45°. The influence of oscillation frequency on the heat transfer enhancement E becomes significant as soon as the Womersley number W &gt; 41.32. The effect of superposition of oscillation is not significant using a zigzag channel with inclination angle α = 60°. When the oscillation amplitude is increased up to 4 mm at Reynolds number Re = 107, frequency f = 2.17 Hz and inclination angle α = 45°, the heat transfer enhancement E of about 3.3 is obtained.
Metastatic prostate cancer‐derived extracellular vesicles facilitate osteoclastogenesis by transferring the CDCP1 protein (2023)

Bone metastases are still incurable and result in the development of clinical complications and decreased survival for prostate cancer patients. Recently, a number of studies have shown that extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in tumour progression. Here, we show that EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells promote osteoclast formation in the presence of receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). EV characterization followed by functional siRNA screening identified CUB-domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1), a transmembrane protein, as an inducer of osteoclastogenesis. Additionally, CDCP1 expression on plasma-derived EVs was upregulated in bone metastatic prostate cancer patients. Our findings elucidate the effect of EVs from metastatic prostate cancer cells on osteoclast formation, which is promoted by CDCP1 located on EVs. Furthermore, our data suggested that CDCP1 expression on EVs might be useful to detect bone metastasis of prostate cancer.
A quantitative analysis on the surface roughness and the level of hydrophobicity for superhydrophobic ZnO nanorods grown textiles (2014)

This study has identified the quantitative relationship between the level of hydrophobicity and the surface roughness, represented f 1 , of superhydrophobic nylon fabrics treated with ZnO nanorods and n-dodecyltrimethoxysilane. With this objective, ZnO nanorods were uniformly grown to give varied particle dimensions on nylon fabrics by a hydrothermal process at a range of solution concentrations. ZnO nanorods, having a unique rod-like hexagonal section structure, were assessed in terms of their dimensions and density to estimate the solid area fraction, f 1 , in the Cassie–Baxter model. While the static contact angle did not discriminate between the hydrophobicity of superhydrophobic surfaces, the sliding angle and shedding angle were able to achieve this. The estimated value of f 1 was quantitatively associated with hydrophobicity. The assumption that there was no penetration of into the gaps between nanorods (zero h′) appeared to be valid for superhydrophobic surfaces, and this was confirmed by the strong correlation between the increased sliding and shedding angles and the increase in f 1 .
DW-MRI as a Biomarker to Compare Therapeutic Outcomes in Radiotherapy Regimens Incorporating Temozolomide or Gemcitabine in Glioblastoma (2012)

The effectiveness of the radiosensitizer gemcitabine (GEM) was evaluated in a mouse glioma along with the imaging biomarker diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) for early detection of treatment effects. A genetically engineered murine GBM model [Ink4a-Arf(-/-) Pten(loxP/loxP)/Ntv-a RCAS/PDGF(+)/Cre(+)] was treated with gemcitabine (GEM), temozolomide (TMZ) +/- ionizing radiation (IR). Therapeutic efficacy was quantified by contrast-enhanced MRI and DW-MRI for growth rate and tumor cellularity, respectively. Mice treated with GEM, TMZ and radiation showed a significant reduction in growth rates as early as three days post-treatment initiation. Both combination treatments (GEM/IR and TMZ/IR) resulted in improved survival over single therapies. Tumor diffusion values increased prior to detectable changes in tumor volume growth rates following administration of therapies. Concomitant GEM/IR and TMZ/IR was active and well tolerated in this GBM model and similarly prolonged median survival of tumor bearing mice. DW-MRI provided early changes to radiosensitization treatment warranting evaluation of this imaging biomarker in clinical trials.
Correlated In-Situ Low-Frequency Noise and Impedance Spectroscopy Reveal\n Recombination Dynamics in Organic Solar Cells using Fullerene and\n Non-Fullerene Acceptors (2017)

Non-fullerene acceptors based on perylenediimides (PDIs) have garnered\nsignificant interest as an alternative to fullerene acceptors in organic\nphotovoltaics (OPVs), but their charge transport phenomena are not well\nunderstood, especially in bulk heterojunctions (BHJs). Here, we investigate\ncharge transport and current fluctuations by performing correlated\nlow-frequency noise and impedance spectroscopy measurements on two BHJ OPV\nsystems, one employing a fullerene acceptor and the other employing a dimeric\nPDI acceptor. In the dark, these measurements reveal that PDI-based OPVs have a\ngreater degree of recombination in comparison to fullerene-based OPVs.\nFurthermore, for the first time in organic solar cells, 1/f noise data are fit\nto the Kleinpenning model to reveal underlying current fluctuations in\ndifferent transport regimes. Under illumination, 1/f noise increases by\napproximately four orders of magnitude for the fullerene-based OPVs and three\norders of magnitude for the PDI-based OPVs. An inverse correlation is also\nobserved between noise spectral density and power conversion efficiency.\nOverall, these results show that low-frequency noise spectroscopy is an\neffective in-situ diagnostic tool to assess charge transport in emerging\nphotovoltaic materials, thereby providing quantitative guidance for the design\nof next-generation solar cell materials and technologies.\n
Minimality, stabilizability and strong stabilizability of uncertain plants (2003)

The authors consider a set of uncertain transfer functions whose numerators and denominators belong to independent polytopes. It is shown: (1) that the members of this set are free from pole-zero cancellations if all the ratios of numerator edges and denominator edges are free from pole-zero cancellations and the numerator and denominator corners evaluated at a finite number of points satisfy certain phase conditions; (2) that the members of this set are free from pole-zero cancellations in the closed right half plane, if all the ratios of numerator edges and denominator edges are free from pole-zero cancellations in the closed right half plane, and the numerator and denominator corners evaluated at a finite number of points satisfy certain phase conditions; and (3) that in the strictly proper case, all plants in the set are strongly stabilizable if all plants avoid pole-zero cancellations in the closed right half plane and all the corner ratios are strongly stabilizable. A counterexample is presented to show that this last result does not extend to biproper plants.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Atomic-level robustness of the Si(100)-2×1:H surface following liquid phase chemical treatments in atmospheric pressure environments (2004)

The UHV-prepared Si(100)-2×1:H surface is studied at atomic resolution following liquid phase chemical processing under atmospheric pressure conditions. A custom experimental setup, consisting of an UHV scanning tunneling microscope (STM) chamber that is directly interfaced to an inert atmosphere glovebox, facilitates liquid phase chemical processing without exposing the pristine H-passivated surface to ambient air. While in the inert atmosphere, the Si(100)-2×1:H surface is treated with a variety of organic and aqueous solvents. Atomic resolution STM images reveal that the hydrogen passivation remains largely intact after treatments in toluene and dichloromethane. In addition, by minimizing oxygen levels during processing, perturbation to the Si(100)-2×1:H surface can be significantly reduced following exposure to water. These results are potentially useful in the fields of microelectronics and molecular-beam epitaxy, where liquid phase chemical processing is often avoided in an effort to preserve atomically pristine Si(100) surfaces. Furthermore, this study delineates the conditions under which various organic and biological molecules can be delivered to nanopatterned Si(100)-2×1:H surfaces via liquid phase solvents.
Analytical Calculation of the Modes in a Substrate Integrated Waveguide (2006)

A first order analytical method is developed to analyze the guided modes in substrate integrated waveguides. The complex propagation constant is derived as a closed expression which is a function of frequency, and geometrical and material parameters. This single equation is able to describe multimode and band gap effects in substrate integrated waveguides. Therefore, the initial design procedure can be greatly simplified by using this analytical model as starting point
Gibbs Sampling Strategies for Semantic Perception of Streaming Video Data (2015)

Topic modeling of streaming sensor data can be used for high level perception of the environment by a mobile robot. In this paper we compare various Gibbs sampling strategies for topic modeling of streaming spatiotemporal data, such as video captured by a mobile robot. Compared to previous work on online topic modeling, such as o-LDA and incremental LDA, we show that the proposed technique results in lower online and final perplexity, given the realtime constraints.
Proctective role of glutathione reductase in Caenorhabditis elegans models of polyQ diseases (2014)

Póster presentado en la Thiol Based Redox Regulation &amp; Signaling. Gordon Research Conference, celebrada en Girona del 20 al 25 de julio de 2014.
Correlation between pharmacological response, kinetics of plasma concentration and in vitro receptor affinities exemplified with beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs. (1984)

The clinical effect of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs lasts longer than the respective half lives in plasma will suggest. This apparent discrepancy is easily explained by a superposition of the function of plasma concentration kinetics and the function for competitive antagonism at beta-adrenoceptors according to the law of mass action. By taking clinical data from the literature and by using results from ligand binding studies simultaneously, this was confirmed. Furthermore, it can be stated: 1) The plasma concentrations are representative for the drug concentration at the beta-adrenoceptor sites: Dissociation of beta-blockers from the receptor site is a much faster process than elimination from plasma and thus does not prolong effects. 2) Extent of beta-adrenoceptor blocking effect in vivo can be predicted from ligand binding studies based on the respective drug concentration in plasma. If the kinetics of the drug in plasma is known, the time course of effect can be delineated. 3) Only deviations from the above function describing the time course of effect may be indicative for active metabolites or additional compartments of drug distribution. Furthermore, deviations should occur if additional drug effects (e.g. partial agonist activity) are present. In general, any drug acting on the basis of the law of mass action should obey the described relation between the time course of plasma concentration and clinical effect (e.g. cardiac glycosides).
Drifter Observations Reveal Intense Vertical Velocity in a Surface Ocean Front (2022)

Abstract Measuring vertical motions represent a challenge as they are typically 3–4 orders of magnitude smaller than the horizontal velocities. Here, we show that surface vertical velocities are intensified at submesoscales and are dominated by high frequency variability. We use drifter observations to calculate divergence and vertical velocities in the upper 15 m of the water column at two different horizontal scales. The drifters, deployed at the edge of a mesoscale eddy in the Alboran Sea, show an area of strong convergence (( f )) associated with vertical velocities of −100 m day −1 . This study shows that a multilayered‐drifter array can be an effective tool for estimating vertical velocity near the ocean surface.
Spatial Upsampling of Sparse Spherical Microphone Array Signals (2023)

We present a method for spatial upsampling of signals captured with spherical microphone arrays with a limited number of microphones. The upsampling is performed by adding virtual microphone signals using interpolation between the measured array signals. For interpolation, the differences in amplitude and time of neighbored signals are weighted separately. For this, the time differences are determined with a broadband cross-correlation. After the upsampling, the array signals can be represented as spherical harmonics (SH) coefficients at significantly higher orders. This work introduces the proposed upsampling procedure and presents a technical evaluation based on simulated and measured sound fields. Thereby, we focus on the binaural decoding of the upsampled SH signals. For perceptual evaluation, we present the results of a listening experiment evaluating the binaural reproduction of the upsampled signals compared to a baseline Ambisonics decoding and the state-of-the-art decoding with Magnitude Least-Squares optimization. Both the technical and perceptual evaluations consider only array impulse responses, but the algorithm could generally be applied to array streams. The evaluation shows that the proposed method significantly improves the binaural reproduction of low-order spherical microphone array captures compared to established methods.
Substituting tungsten carbide (WC) as cutting tools and for wear protection by niobium carbide (NbC) (2016)

As a refractory carbide, niobium carbide (NbC) is today still a forgotten carbide with hidden properties, such as wear resistance, thus qualifying NbC for the group of tribological materials with enhanced wear resistance. Several phases, like Nb₄C₃, Nb₆C₅ and other short and long range ordered phases occur In the region of homogeneity of NbCx (0,75≤ x ≤1.0) in the binary phase diagram, which enable the tailoring of properties and offers a much wider process window than known from WC. The type binder (Co, Ni, NiMo) and its concentration as well as the sintering process (SPS, liquid phase sintering) determine the box “hardness-toughness”, which will be illuminated based on more than 100 grades.
The impact of these tailored properties on sliding wear (T= 22/400°C; v= 0,1-10 m/s) and cutting performance will be illuminated by tribological and machining results. Cutting test results under emulsion and coolant-free operation of cobalt and Fe3Al bonded, straight NbC versus WC based inserts against different alloys (C60, 100Cr6, 42CrMo4, X90CrMoV18, 300WA, GG35) will be highlighted.