gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of poly(ortho esters) in the controlled release of therapeutic agents (1993)

Abstract Poly(ortho esters) have been under development since 1970 and are the first polymer system that has been specifically designed for drug delivery applications. At this time, three distinctly different families of polymers have been described. One family is prepared by a transesterification reaction between diethoxytetrahydrofuran and a diol, another family is prepared by the reaction of polyols with diketene acetals and the third family is prepared by a transesterification reaction between a triol and an alkyl orthoacetate. The use of these polymers in drug delivery applications is illustrated with 5‐fluorouracil devices used in the treatment of human colorectal cancer xenografted in nude mice and with the delayed release of lysozyme, used as a model protein.
Stereochemical congruence of Baeyer–Villigerases (1996)

The enantiomeric bicyclic ketones 1, 3 and the tricyclic ketone 5 undergo stereochemically congruent Baeyer-Villiger oxidations with CHMO from Acinetobacter sp., CPMO from Pseudomonas sp. as well as 2,5-DKCMO, 3,6-DKCMO and MO2 from P. putida; in every case the tricyclic ketone 5 is transformed with > 96% ee. N-terminal sequences for the FAD/NADPH linked enzymes from Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp. and a novel CHMO from R. coprophilus have high homology with each other but no homology with the FMN/NADH linked enzymes; 2,5-DKCMO and 3,6-DKCMO.
Comparison of combination vs. single-agent chemotherapeutic responses in primary cultures of human breast cancer cells (2005)

831 Background: A preliminary study was conducted of the utility of the ChemoFx assay, an ex vivo chemoresponse assay, in predicting the relative effectiveness of combinations of drugs compared to the corresponding single agents in patients with breast cancer. Methods: In this retrospective study, 146 breast carcinomas were tested commercially with the ChemoFx Assay. Dose response curves were generated for each drug or combination evaluated, and a numerical score of 0–5 was assigned based on the percent cell-kill observed at each concentration of drug or combination tested. A positive response rate was defined as a score of 3 or higher. Results: One hundred out of 146 (68%) of the tumors responded to single agent Cyclophosphamide, 45 out of 91(49%) to single agent Doxorubicin, and 16 out of 20 (80%) responded for those tumors tested in combination. In 7 of 18 cases that were tested with Cyclophosphamide and Doxorubicin both as single agents and in combination, Cyclophosphamide alone was as effective ex vivo as the combination, and in 2 cases, Doxorubicin was as effective as the combination. Conclusions: The findings of this ex vivo assessment of drug response are consistent with the expected population response rate, with the majority of breast cancers tested responding to the combination of cyclophosphamide and doxorubicin. These findings suggest the assay may be clinically useful in selecting the most effective chemotherapy regimen for individual patients. A prospective evaluation of assay and clinical response is warranted. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Precision Therapeutics Precision Therapeutics Precision Therapeutics
Mimicking general relativity through plasmonic spin hall effect (Conference Presentation) (2017)

Based on the concept of drawing equivalence between different configurations in transformation optics, we introduce a conceptual framework to investigate radiation from accelerating particles using chains of metamaterial atoms with SOI on a metasurface. The framework allows a global geometric picture in visualizing different one-dimensional space-times in general relativity using our two-dimensional metasurface. In particular, chains of metamaterial atoms along different curved lines in generating a common SPP caustic represent the same particle motions observed in difference reference frames, with relative motion through a general-relativistic transformation, such as a Rindler transformation from a reference Minkowski space-time. Such a tool allows us to study particle motions in different space-times in general while the particular geometric understanding provides us unique ways in generating SPP.
Multi-objects Generation with Amortized Structural Regularization (2019)

Deep generative models (DGMs) have shown promise in image generation. However, most of the existing work learn the model by simply optimizing a divergence between the marginal distributions of the model and the data, and often fail to capture the rich structures and relations in multi-object images. Human knowledge is a critical element to the success of DGMs to infer these structures. In this paper, we propose the amortized structural regularization (ASR) framework, which adopts the posterior regularization (PR) to embed human knowledge into DGMs via a set of structural constraints. We derive a lower bound of the regularized log-likelihood, which can be jointly optimized with respect to the generative model and recognition model efficiently. Empirical results show that ASR significantly outperforms the DGM baselines in terms of inference accuracy and sample quality.
Tuning the Au‐Free InSb Nanocrystal Morphologies Grown by Patterned Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2014)

A thorough study of direct InSb nanocrystal formations on patterned InAs (111)B substrates is provided. These nanostructures are created without the use of Au catalysts or initial InAs segments. Under the growth conditions generally used for selective‐area, catalyst‐free epitaxy, a wide range of InSb nanocrystal morphologies are observed. This is because the low‐energy InSb surfaces, studied by first‐principles calculations, are the {111} facets as opposed to the {110} facets. By controlling the V/III ratio during growth, different InSb nanostructures can be achieved. Using low V/III growth conditions, In droplets start to form and InSb nucleation takes place at the droplet–semiconductor interface only, resulting in vertical, self‐catalyzed InSb nanopillars.
Higher order geometrical distortion in serial MR brain imaging (2001)

distortion change as a function of Gr , the standard deviation of the (sx, sy, sz, sxy, sxz, syz) components was (0.27%, 0.06%, 0.03%, 0.11o, 0.37o, 0.05o) showing most change in the readout dependent directions (sx, sxy, sxz). The coefficient of linear correlation, r, for (sx, sxy, sxz) with decreasing, Gr , was (0.93, 0.87, 0.94) showing a high inverse linear correlation with Gr (see Fig 1). The dp4 residual was (32.94%, 39.61%, 5.60%, 1.88%) indicating that almost all the distortion change was either first or second order. For the various sequence parameters the largest components of linear distortion were also (sx, sxy, sxz). The mean (stdev) for (sx, sxy, sxz) for both sequences was - FFE2: sx -1.53 (0.28), sxy 0.60 (0.07), sxz 0.92 (0.21); SE: sx -1.35 (0.82), sxy 0.40 (0.21), sxz -2.41 (0.92). The sagittal shear, sxz , was significantly higher for SE than for FFE2 (p 0.9, n=33). The mean (n=33) dp4 measure was (44.83%, 30.16%, 9.85%, 0.9%) indicating that 75% of the distortion was first or second order.
Original Research Report Induction of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Dopamine- Producing Cells with Different Differentiation Protocols (2008)

Several reports have shown that human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are capable of differentiating outside the mesenchymal lineage. We sought to induce MSCs to differentiate into dopamineproducing cells for potential use in autologous transplantation in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Following cell culture with various combinations of differentiation agents under serum-free defined conditions, different levels of up-regulation were observed in the protein expression of tyrosine hydroxylase, the rate-limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis. Further analysis of selected differentiation protocols revealed that the induced cells displayed a neuron-like morphology and expressed markers suggesting neuronal differentiation. In addition, there was an increase in Nurr 1, the dopaminergic transcription factor gene, concomitant with a decrease in � -aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic marker expression, suggesting a specific dopaminergic direction. Moreover, the induced cells secreted dopamine in response to depolarization. These results demonstrate the great therapeutic potential of human MSCs in PD.
Whoosh Bottle Safety, Again: What About What Is Inside? (2012)

Studies regarding the whoosh bottle combustion experiment have largely focused on the detonation hazard of the demonstration, particularly with regards to fuel and container choice. Previous work has suggested that the fuel should be 2-propanol owing to its relatively cool flame characteristics. The current study has found that the combustion of 2-propanol in such fuel-rich environments creates significant levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and other complex organic compounds. These materials pose a potential risk to the presenter and should be disposed of as hazardous waste.
Maize (2014)

Studies measuring genetic gain with maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids released by DuPont Pioneer1 were initiated in 1972. Previous reports of genetic gain at optimum planting density were 92 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) for 1930 to 1980 and 77 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.2 bu ac−1 yr−1) for 1930 to 2001. We report a genetic gain of 87.6 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.4 bu ac−1 yr−1) for hybrids released from 1930 to 2011 and planted at optimum density in the target production environment (TPE), 79.6 to 90.8 kg ha−1 yr−1 (1.3–1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) when grown in well-watered environments, and 49.9 to 59.1 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.8–0.9 bu ac−1 yr−1) when grown in drought stress environments. Genetic gain estimates were higher for a subset of single-cross hybrids when measured in the TPE (92.2 kg ha−1 yr−1 or 1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) and in Viluco, Chile for both well-watered (95.5 kg ha−1 yr−1 or 1.5 bu ac−1 yr−1) and drought stressed (61.5 kg ha−1 or 1 bu ac−1 yr−1) environments. Genetic gain contributions to yield increases during 1930 to 2011 were 79% (TPE) and 59 to 67% (well watered); for single-cross hybrids during 1963 to 2011, genetic gain contributions were 74% (TPE) and 66 to 77% (well watered). The effects of weather on yield trends were minimal and very dependent on annual fluctuations contributing an upward bias of 1.3 kg ha−1 yr−1 (0.02 bu ac−1 yr−1) during 1950 to 2011. The mean contribution to yield from +Cry1Ab resistance to attack by the European corn borer (ECB) (Ostrinia nubialis Hubner) was 565 kg ha−1 (9 bu ac−1). Tassel size continued to decrease, but erectness of the leaves plateaued. Trends toward shorter anther silk intervals and improved stalk and root lodging continued, while resistance to barrenness and improvement in stay-green peaked. Potential yields (PYs) showed no signs of plateauing. Increased rainfed yields are dependent on continued increases in genetic gain. Irrigated farm yields (FYs) may be less amenable to genetic gain and more dependent on improved farm management. We anticipate an increased rate of genetic gain of 126 kg ha−1 yr−1 (2 bu ac−1 yr−1) for 2015 and subsequent years under rainfed conditions provided that investments in maize breeding continue and there is no substantial change in the economics of maize production. More effective use of genetic diversity and crop management will allow U.S. maize breeders and farmers to accommodate climate change for the foreseeable future.
Verification of enhanced dynamic torque per ampere capability in saturated induction machines (1994)

An easily implemented technique for dynamic torque per ampere enhancement under high levels of motor saturation is described and validated via substantial experimental results presented in this paper. A saturation model assuming only d-axis saturation is utilized in field oriented control of the experimental system and the results are compared to theoretical predictions based on the same saturation model. In order to help users optimize this technique, the paper discusses motor selection issues for the production of this dynamic torque enhancement. An experimental illustration of the use of the torque enhancement principle to break away a load with high static friction is presented to demonstrate the practical application of the concept. Measurement methods used to evaluate the dynamic properties of the electromagnetic torque are presented in sufficient detail that users have appropriate tools for performing such work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Italy (2011)

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Cleavage of Disulfide Bonds in Mouse Spermatogenic Cell-Specific Type 1 Hexokinase Isozyme Is Associated with Increased Hexokinase Activity and Initiation of Sperm Motility1 (2008)

During epididymal transit, sperm acquire the ability to initiate rapid forward progressive motility on release into the female reproductive tract or physiological media. Glycolysis is the primary source of the ATP necessary for this motility in the mouse, and several novel glycolytic enzymes have been identified that are localized to the principal piece region of the flagellum. One of these is the spermatogenic cell-specific type 1 hexokinase isozyme (HK1S), the only member of the hexokinase enzyme family detected in sperm. Hexokinase activity was found to be lower in immotile sperm immediately after removal from the cauda epididymis (quiescent) than in sperm incubated in physiological medium for 5 min and showing rapid forward progressive motility (activated). However, incubating sperm in medium containing diamide, an inhibitor of disulfide bond reduction, resulted in lower motility and HK activity than in controls. HK1S was present in dimer and monomer forms in extracts of quiescent sperm but mainly as a monomer in motile sperm. A dimer-size band detected in quiescent sperm with phosphotyrosine antibody was not detected in activated sperm, and the monomer-size band was enhanced. In addition, the general protein oxido-reductase thioredoxin-1 was able to catalyze the in vitro conversion of HK1S dimers to the monomeric form. These results strongly suggest that cleavage of disulfide bonds in HK1S dimers contributes to the increases in HK activity and motility that occur when mouse sperm become activated.
Measurement-Based Parameter Identification of DC-DC Converters with\n Adaptive Approximate Bayesian Computation (2021)

The recent advances in power plants and energy resources have extended the\napplications of DC-DC converters in the power systems (especially in the\ncontext of DC micro-grids). Parameter identification can extract the parameters\nof the converters and generate accurate discrete simulation models. In this\npaper, we propose a measurement-based converter parameter calibration method by\nan adaptive Approximate Bayesian Computation with sequential Monte Carlo\nsampler (ABC SMC), which estimates the parameters related to passive and\nparasitic components. At first, we propose to find suitable prior distribution\nfor the parameter which we don't know the prior information about them. With\nhaving prior distributions, we can use the ABC SMC to find the exact values of\nthe parameters of the converter. We chose the distance function carefully and\nbased on the simulations we assigned the best method for the threshold\nsequencing. For improving the computationally of the algorithm, we propose an\nadaptive weight that helps the algorithm to find the optimal values with fewer\nsimulations. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated for a DC-DC\nbuck converter. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately and\nefficiently estimate the posterior distributions of the buck parameters subject\nto gross errors in the prior distributions of the parameters. The proposed\nalgorithm can also be applied to other parameter identifications and\noptimization applications such as rectifiers, filters, or power supplies, among\nothers.\n
Surface electron states on the quasi-two-dimensional excess-electron compoundsCa2NandY2C (2017)

Compounds having excess electrons from the formal valence viewpoint (electrides) are a new class of materials, which often take low-dimensional structures. We studied the (001) surface electronic structures of quasi-two-dimensional electrides ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$ and ${\mathrm{Y}}_{2}\mathrm{C}$ by density functional theory using a slab model. Both materials were found to have a clean surface state well separated in energy from the bulk states. Furthermore, this state virtually floats above the surface and may be considered to be a hallmark of two-dimensional electrides. For ${\mathrm{Ca}}_{2}\mathrm{N}$, a tight-binding model in the Wannier representation was derived and analyzed, from which we concluded that the surface state, described by extra-surface $s$-like orbitals, is a Tamm state originating from an abrupt increase in potential energy at the surface.
Structural and Morphological Properties of Carbon Supports: Effect of Catalyst degradation, ECS Transactions 33(1), 425 (2010) (2011)

The object of this work was to identify correlations between performance losses of Pt electrocatalysts on carbon support materials and the chemical and morphological parameters that describe them. Accelerated stress testing, with an upper potential of 1.2 V, was used to monitor changes to cathode properties, including kinetic performance and effective platinum surface area losses. The structure and chemical compositions were studied using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Digital Image Processing. As this is an ongoing study, it is difficult to draw firm conclusions, though a trend between support surface area overall performance loss was found to exist.
Reconstitution of T cell-depleted spleen cell populations by factors derived from T cells. 3. Mechanism of action of T cell-derived factors. (1973)

Further evidence for two functions for T cells during the antibody response in culture has been obtained by studying the ability of cultures of B and A cells to respond when the two T cell functions are provided sequentially. For example, if B cells are preincubated in vitro for 24 hr with an active supernatant, they can give subsequent PFC responses either in vivo or in vitro when mixed with irradiated normal (unprimed) T cells. Investigation of the need for intact T cells has shown that this requirement, unlike the nonspecific factor, represents an antigen-specific function for T cells. This specificity has been demonstrated with irradiated T cells from mice tolerant to SRBC. In the presence of the active supernatant and a suitable B cell source these irradiated T cells can reconstitute the response to horse erythrocytes but not SRBC.
Étude comparative des relations amicales auprès d’adolescent.e.s à haut potentiel (2020)

L’investigation de la qualite des relations sociales des adolescent.e.s a haut potentiel intellectuel (HPI) montre des specificites de cette population a besoins particuliers (Coleman, Micko & Cross, 2015). Par exemple, les adolescent.e.s HPI peuvent faire etat du sentiment de se sentir differents des autres jeunes. Ce ressenti serait en partie du au fait qu’ils sont designes comme « haut potentiel », ce qui a tendance a les stigmatiser et a biaiser la nature de leurs relations sociales (Manor-Bullock et al., 1995). Cependant, ces resultats reposent essentiellement sur des donnees qualitatives recueillies aupres d’adolescent.e.s HPI. Par ailleurs, les adolescent.e.s HPI ne different pas de leur pairs concernant le nombre d’amis, mais ils evalueraient leurs relations amicales comme etant de moins bonne qualite (Masden et al., 2015). La qualite percue de l’amitie peut etre influencee par le concept de soi, le genre et l’âge (Masden et al., 2015). Toutefois, il n’existe que peu d’etudes dans ce domaine. C’est pourquoi l’objectif de cette recherche est d’investiguer : (1) les attentes des relations amicales des adolescent.e.s HPI en lien avec leur estime de soi, et (2) leur perception des caracteristiques specifiques de leur meilleur.e. ami.e. 
Nous avons ainsi compare 73 adolescent.e.s HPI et 73 adolescent.e.s tout-venant (mâge = 13.3, ety= 1.73) apparies sur l’âge et le sexe. Ils etaient scolarises en 6eme, 4eme et 2nde dans des etablissements accueillant des eleves a HPI. Nous avons evalue les attendus des relations amicales avec le questionnaire Friendship Expectation (Hall, 2012), la qualite de la relation avec leur.e meilleur.e ami.e avec le questionnaire elabore par Mallet et al. (2018), et l'estime de soi avec l'echlle de mesure de l'estime de soi pour adolescents (EMESA, Kindelberger & Picherit, 2016). 
Les resultats confirment que les adolescent.e.s HPI n’ont pas moins d’ami.e.s que leurs pairs, t(109.7) = 1.474, p = 0.215. Cependant, les adolescent.e.s HPI ont moins d’attendus vis-a-vis de leurs relations amicales que leurs pairs, t(143.66) = 2.46, p = .007. Ils montrent particulierement une moindre exigence de la demande de protection de la part de leur meilleur.e ami.e en cas de besoin, F(1, 142) = 5.59, p = .019. 
Ces resultats montrent que les adolescent.e.s HPI auraient une tendance a etre plus independant vis-a-vis de leurs ami.e.s., et seront discutees en regard des recherches anterieures et de l’interet de prendre en compte en pratique leurs experiences des relations amicales.
Molecular cloning of a gene from “chromosome 3 specific” genomic library that encodes a novel CC‐chemokine receptor like isotype (1996)

CC-chemokine receptors form a closely linked locus in the p21-23 region on the short arm of human chromosome 3. We report the isolation of a novel chemokine receptor like gene from a 'human chromosome 3 specific' genomic library, screened by cross-hybridization with cDNA probes derived from known chemokine receptors. The gene, CKR-SKG2 contains an open reading frame that encodes a 359-377 amino acid protein, with two potential in frame start codons. However, comparative Southern blot analysis of human, mouse and hamster genomic DNA, revealed that CKR-SKG2 is the hamster ortholog of a novel chemokine receptor. This presumably occurred because chromosome 3 used for construction of the genomic library were purified from a human-hamster somatic cell hybrid. Further studies are underway to identify and clone the putative human homolog of this novel chemokine receptor.
Supplementary Figure 6 from A Diverse Array of Cancer-Associated <i>MTOR</i> Mutations Are Hyperactivating and Can Predict Rapamycin Sensitivity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 154K, Recurrent mTOR mutations mapped onto the crystal structure of mTOR&lt;/p&gt;
215 Grasp Control for Multi-fingered Hand Using Compliance Control with Variable Joint Stiffness Matrix (2004)

In this study, we propose a grasp control system using compliance control. To avoid slippage of the grasped object, grasping force is increased by changing the joint stiffness based on the relation with the shear direction force, which is derived in the pilot study. Along with this brief standard, the additional joint stiffness is applied to always bind the force vector endpoint in the appointed region of the friction cone where the generating force is thought to be optimum. The proposed control system, containing this variable stiffness matrix, is actually applied to the multifingered hand, and its practicability is verified.