gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Testing of a Low-Cost and Low-Maintenance Drip Irrigation Filtration System for Micro-Irrigation in Developing Countries (2014)

The cylindrical filters presently used in &lt;1000 m2 drip irrigation systems are frequently clogged, increasing pressure loss and lowering the flow rate through the filters. This work investigates the mechanisms for this clogging and proposes an alternative filtration design that would enable both more reliable and lower maintenance filtering. This proposed system is compatible with existing drip irrigation systems and could be made inexpensively with plastic bottle manufacturing equipment. To compare the proposed design to off-the-shelf options, a drip irrigation test setup was built to measure the pressure loss across different filters as particles accumulated. These experiments confirmed that pleated cartridge filters, with high effective surface area, incurred lower pressure losses than cylindrical filters. These tests revealed that the greatest reason for clogged performance was that filtered particles (not the cartridge filter itself) eventually restricted the flow of water through the system. This inspired the redesign of the filter housing such that the housing extended far below the filter, providing a catch basin away from the filter for the particles to settle. Fixing the filter independently of the bottom casing significantly improved the overall performance of the filtration system, reduced the maintenance requirement necessary from the user, and would enable inexpensive manufacturing via blow molding. This paper experimentally demonstrates that the cartridge filter inside the redesigned housing can filter out over 2 kg of sand while maintaining less than a .03 bar pressure drop across the filter at a flow rate of 25 l/s.
In vivo trafficking and immunostimulatory potential of an intranasally-administered primary dendritic cell-based vaccine (2010)

Abstract Background Coccidioidomycosis or Valley fever is caused by a highly virulent fungal pathogen: Coccidioides posadasii or immitis . Vaccine development against Coccidioides is of contemporary interest because a large number of relapses and clinical failures are reported with antifungal agents. An efficient Th1 response engenders protection. Thus, we have focused on developing a dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccine for coccidioidomycosis. In this study, we investigated the immunostimulatory characteristics of an intranasal primary DC-vaccine in BALB/c mouse strain that is most susceptible to coccidioidomycosis. The DCs were transfected nonvirally with Coccidioides- Ag2/PRA-cDNA. Expression of DC-markers, Ag2/PRA and cytokines were studied by flow cytometry, dot-immunoblotting and cytometric bead array methods, respectively. The T cell activation was studied by assessing the upregulation of activation markers in a DC-T cell co-culture assay. For trafficking, the DCs were co-transfected with a plasmid DNA encoding HSV1 thymidine kinase (TK) and administered intranasally into syngeneic mice. The trafficking and homing of TK-expressing DCs were monitored with positron emission tomography (PET) using 18 F-FIAU probe. Based on the PET-probe accumulation in vaccinated mice, selected tissues were studied for antigen-specific response and T cell phenotypes using ELISPOT and flow cytometry, respectively. Results We found that the primary DCs transfected with Coccidioides -Ag2/PRA-cDNA were of immature immunophenotype, expressed Ag2/PRA and activated naïve T cells. In PET images and subsequent biodistribution, intranasally-administered DCs were found to migrate in blood, lung and thymus; lymphocytes showed generation of T effector memory cell population (T EM ) and IFN-γ release. Conclusions In conclusion, our results demonstrate that the intranasally-administered primary DC vaccine is capable of inducing Ag2/PRA-specific T cell response. Unique approaches utilized in our study represent an attractive and novel means of producing and evaluating an autologous DC-based vaccine.
Determination of total phosphate in waste waters by on-line microwave digestion incorporating colorimetric detection (1993)

A flow injection (Fl) system for on-line microwave digestion of waste water samples with determination of total phosphate by means of colorimetric detection is described. Acidified samples are introduced into a water carrier stream and digested under continuous-flow conditions in thin-bore tubing. Following digestion, the samples are cooled on-line and then combined with further reagent streams for subsequent colorimetric detection based on the reduction of heteromolybdophosphoric acid to Molybdenum Blue as an Fl peak at 690 nm. Signals from the flow-through detector are recorded as peak height on a chart recorder. Optimization of parameters such as digestion tube length, digestion tube diameter and reagent concentrations is discussed. Calibration was found to be linear up to 20 ppm of phosphate with a limit of detection of 0.10 ppm. Samples of waste water can be analysed at a rate of approximately 2 min per sample with typical sample relative standard deviations of <5% being achieved. Results for a range of samples were found to agree with those obtained by a conventional ‘block’ digestion autoanalyser method. The pre-treatment of samples with pyrophosphate phosphohydrolase ensured that the determination of total phosphate as orthophosphate could be achieved for samples containing pyrophosphate species.
Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization in Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (1999)

Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been successfully carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) for the polymerization of fluorinated (meth)acrylates. In particular, well-controlled polymerizations have been obtained with the use of a fluoroalkyl-substituted 2,2‘-bipyridine ligand. Block copolymers comprised of fluorinated (meth)acrylates and poly(MMA) (MMA = methyl methacrylate) or poly(DMAEMA) (DMAEMA = 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate) were produced in scCO2 by ATRP. In addition, the dispersion polymerization of MMA using ATRP in scCO2 in the presence of a fluorinated polymeric surfactant stabilizer was successfully carried out to yield poly(MMA) latex particles with controlled molecular weight and a narrow molecular weight distribution.
Targeting histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) in the bone marrow microenvironment inhibits multiple myeloma proliferation by modulating exosomes and IL-6 trans-signaling (2019)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable cancer that derives pro-survival/proliferative signals from the bone marrow (BM) niche. Novel agents targeting not only cancer cells, but also the BM-niche have shown the greatest activity in MM. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are therapeutic targets in MM and we previously showed that HDAC3 inhibition decreases MM proliferation both alone and in co-culture with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC). In this study, we investigate the effects of HDAC3 targeting in BMSCs. Using both BMSC lines as well as patient-derived BMSCs, we show that HDAC3 expression in BMSCs can be induced by co-culture with MM cells. Knock-out (KO), knock-down (KD), and pharmacologic inhibition of HDAC3 in BMSCs results in decreased MM cell proliferation; including in autologous cultures of patient MM cells with BMSCs. We identified both quantitative and qualitative changes in exosomes and exosomal miRNA, as well as inhibition of IL-6 trans-signaling, as molecular mechanisms mediating anti-MM activity. Furthermore, we show that HDAC3-KD in BM endothelial cells decreases neoangiogenesis, consistent with a broad effect of HDAC3 targeting in the BM-niche. Our results therefore support the clinical development of HDAC3 inhibitors based not only on their direct anti-MM effects, but also their modulation of the BM microenvironment.
Regulator and enzyme specificities of the TOL plasmid-encoded upper pathway for degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons and expansion of the substrate range of the pathway (1989)

The TOL plasmid upper pathway operon encodes enzymes involved in the catabolism of aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene and xylenes. The regulator of the gene pathway, the XylR protein, exhibits a very broad effector specificity, being able to recognize as effectors not only pathway substrates but also a wide variety of mono- and disubstituted methyl-, ethyl-, and chlorotoluenes, benzyl alcohols, and p-chlorobenzaldehyde. Benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase and benzaldehyde dehydrogenase, two upper pathway enzymes, exhibit very broad substrate specificities and transform unsubstituted substrates and m- and p-methyl-, m- and p-ethyl-, and m- and p-chloro-substituted benzyl alcohols and benzaldehydes, respectively, at a high rate. In contrast, toluene oxidase only oxidizes toluene, m- and p-xylene, m-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene [corrected], also at a high rate. A biological test showed that toluene oxidase attacks m- and p-chlorotoluene, albeit at a low rate. No evidence for the transformation of p-ethyltoluene by toluene oxidase has been found. Hence, toluene oxidase acts as the bottleneck step for the catabolism of p-ethyl- and m- and p-chlorotoluene through the TOL upper pathway. A mutant toluene oxidase able to transform p-ethyltoluene was isolated, and a mutant strain capable of fully degrading p-ethyltoluene was constructed with a modified TOL plasmid meta-cleavage pathway able to mineralize p-ethylbenzoate. By transfer of a TOL plasmid into Pseudomonas sp. strain B13, a clone able to slowly degrade m-chlorotoluene was also obtained.
Knowing what we don't know in NCAA Football ratings: Understanding and using structured uncertainty (2014)

There is a great deal of uncertainty in the skills of teams in NCAA football, which makes ranking teams and choosing postseason matchups difficult. Despite this, standard approaches (e.g., the BCS system) estimate a single ranking of teams and use it to make decisions about postseason matchups. In this work, we argue for embracing uncertainty in rating NCAA football teams. Specifically, we (1) develop a statistical model that infers uncertainty in and correlations between team skills based on game outcomes, (2) make proposals for how to communicate the inferred uncertainty, and (3) show how to make decisions about postseason matchups that are principled in the face of the uncertainty. We apply our method to 14 years of NCAA football data and show that it produces interesting recommendations for postseason matchups, and that there are general lessons to be learned about choosing postseason matchups based on our analysis.
Performance of a New Binocular Wavefront Aberrometer Based on a Self-imaging Diffractive Sensor (2008)

Data gathered using one variable and several fixed-parameter model eyes showed good correlation to predicted values for all of the aberrrometers with one exception. A significant difference was found in the measurement of one individual fixed model eye with one of the three aberrometers. The wavefront refraction provided by the Z-View correlated well with the results of manifest refraction.
Facility for high-heat flux testing of irradiated fusion materials and components using infrared plasma arc lamps (2014)

A new high-heat flux testing (HHFT) facility using water-wall stabilized high-power high-pressure argon plasma arc lamps (PALs) has been developed for fusion applications. It can accommodate irradiated plasma facing component materials and sub-size mock-up divertor components. Two PALs currently available at Oak Ridge National Laboratory can provide maximum incident heat fluxes of 4.2 and 27 MW m−2, which are prototypic of fusion steady state heat flux conditions, over a heated area of 9 × 12 and 1 × 10 cm2, respectively. The use of PAL permits the heat source to be environmentally separated from the components of the test chamber, simplifying the design to accommodate safe testing of low-level irradiated articles and materials under high-heat flux. Issues related to the operation and temperature measurements during testing of tungsten samples are presented and discussed. The relative advantages and disadvantages of this photon-based HHFT facility are compared to existing e-beam and particle beam facilities used for similar purposes.
Aperiodic wavefield signal apparition: Dealiased simultaneous source separation (2016)

Summary This paper has been retracted by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists on 12 September 2016. SEG mistakenly published the wrong paper by the lead author and thus has retracted the paper to correct the Society's mistake. This paper will not be presented at SEG's 2016 Annual Meeting.
Wireless Networked Multirobot Systems in Smart Factories (2020)

Smart manufacturing based on artificial intelligence and information communication technology will become the main contributor to the digital economy of the upcoming decades. In order to execute flexible production, smart manufacturing must holistically integrate wireless networking, computing, and automatic control technologies. This article discusses the challenges of this complex system engineering from a wireless networking perspective. Starting from enabling flexible reconfiguration of a smart factory, we discuss existing wireless technology and the trends of wireless networking evolution to facilitate multirobot smart factories. Furthermore, the special sequential decision-making of a multirobot manufacturing system is examined. Social learning can be used to extend the resilience of precision operation in a multirobot system by taking network topology into consideration, which also introduces a new vision for the cybersecurity of smart factories. A summary of highlights of technological opportunities for holistic facilitation of wireless networked multirobot smart factories rounds off this article.
The bile-duct bile proteome: Identification of 379 proteins and its relevance for cholestatic liver disease (2011)

Aim: A comprehensive characterization of the bile proteome might reveal new insights into the pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disease and lay the basis for new diagnostic markers. Methods: Bile of patients with choledocholithiasis (n=24, serving as controls) and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC; n=46) were collected and depleted from albumin and gammaglobulins. Patients with &gt;2 dilatations/year were classified as high disease activity, other as low disease activity. After purification by precipitation LC-MS/MS was performed to analyze proteins from 1- and 2-D-SDS-PAGE. Corresponding spots on 2-D-gels were compared by densitometry. Expression levels of brush cytology specimen were analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: 379 non-redundant biliary proteins (minimum 2 peptide matches with high Mascot score) could be identified. 21% (78/379) were predicted proteins with unknown function. 61% (183/301) of the known proteins are newly identified biliary proteins and 24% (71/301) of these proteins have been described in serum. Main reported subcellular localizations were: cytoplasmatic (124/301), secreted (100/301), plasmamembrane (42/301). Pattern comparison of biliary proteins in control and PSC patients showed that S100A9 was elevated ˜95fold in PSC patients (0.043±0.086 vs. 3.831±4.430 arbitrary units; p&lt;0.005; n=25), whereas serum proteins decreased correspondingly and pancreatic enzymes remained the same. In PSC patients with high disease activity S100A9 was elevated 2fold compared to low disease activity (p&lt;0.05). Analysis of RNA expression of brush cytology from patients with low and high disease activity showed corresponding differences for S100A9 expression (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The identified bile proteome showed a large number of new biliary proteins. The detection of disease activity dependent protein changes in PSC patients points to a new diagnostic tool and new players in the pathogenesis of cholestatic liver disease.
Concepts and models for typing events for event-based systems (2007)

Event-based systems are increasingly gaining widespread attention for applications that require integration with loosely coupled and distributed systems for time-critical business solutions. In this paper, we show concepts and models for representing, structuring and typing events. We discuss existing event models in the field and introduce the event model of the event-based system SARI for illustrating various typing concepts. The typing concepts cover topics such as type inheritance and exheritance, dynamic type inferencing, attribute types, as well as the extendibility and addressability of events. We show how the typing concepts evolved and depend on the implemented event-based systems which use different approaches for the event processing such as graphical approaches, or approaches, that use Java code, SQL code, or ECA (event-condition-action) rules.
Laser-induced local heating of multilayers (1982)

For a multilayer structure illuminated by a laser beam, absorption of optical energy in the absorptive layers and the diffusion of the resultant heat throughout the structure are studied. Analytical and numerical procedures for this study are described, and, as a specific example, the profiles of temperature distribution during recording on a magnetooptical disk are presented. The technique is also expected to be of value for studies of thermal marking and laser annealing.
Growth kinetics and origin of residual stress of two-phase crystalline–amorphous nanostructured films (2021)

Composition-driven amorphous-to-crystalline transition is widely observed in sputter-deposited thin films. We have recently shown that peculiar two-phase crystalline–amorphous nanostructures can be obtained for compositions in the transition zone between single-phased amorphous and crystalline films, offering a new possibility to control surface topography and related functional properties. Here, the growth kinetics of the two-phase nanostructures formed in the transition zone is explored and related to residual stress measurements. From the analysis of top-view scanning electron microscopy images, the evolution with the film thickness of relevant parameters describing the growth process was extracted, i.e., surface coverage, volume fraction, and perimeter per unit area of the crystalline regions growing in competition with the amorphous ones. We demonstrate, supported in the aforementioned parameters, that residual stress evolution in the transition zone is governed by the nucleation, growth, and interaction of the crystalline regions during the competitive growth process. Our results shed new light on the kinetics of the crystalline–amorphous competitive growth phenomenon and demonstrate the relevance of residual stress measurements for exploring the growth mechanisms of complex film microstructures.
Visible Light Communication System in Presence of Indirect Lighting and Illumination Constraints (2020)

Visible Light Communication (VLC) systems are designed to provide illumination and data services simultaneously. To achieve this goal, LED lamps are usually deployed on the ceiling of the rooms, in order to maximize the chances of having Line-of-Sight (LoS) connectivity between the VLC transmitter and the random locations that the VLC receiver can take. In an early stage of adoption, where the cost of LED lighting fixtures incorporating VLC technology will be high to enable ultra-dense deployments, it is expected that only one VLC transmitter is placed per room. In this situation, the use of direct illumination may have serious problems to satisfy the illumination constraints and provide a homogeneous data rate coverage. Moreover, the use of a single powerful LED lamp per room may create discomfort glare effect to users and over-exposure problems in areas of the room at which the light beam is directed. In order to address these problems, this paper studies the data rate that VLC technology can achieve with indirect illumination. That is, when the LED lamp is pointing upwards, and the VLC user receives the optical signal that is reflected back from the ceiling. Obtained simulation results show that indirect illumination provides a more homogeneous data rate coverage when compared to the direct case, while simultaneously verifying the illumination constraints in most of the places that the VLC receiver may take in the room.
Near-ML Signal Detection in Large-Dimension Linear Vector Channels Using Reactive Tabu Search (2009)

Low-complexity near-optimal signal detection in large dimensional communication systems is a challenge. In this paper, we present a reactive tabu search (RTS) algorithm, a heuristic based combinatorial optimization technique, to achieve low-complexity near-maximum likelihood (ML) signal detection in linear vector channels with large dimensions. Two practically important large-dimension linear vector channels are considered: i) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with large number (tens) of transmit and receive antennas, and ii) severely delay-spread MIMO inter-symbol interference (ISI) channels with large number (tens to hundreds) of multipath components. These channels are of interest because the former offers the benefit of increased spectral efficiency (several tens of bps/Hz) and the latter offers the benefit of high time-diversity orders. Our simulation results show that, while algorithms including variants of sphere decoding do not scale well for large dimensions, the proposed RTS algorithm scales well for signal detection in large dimensions while achieving increasingly closer to ML performance for increasing number of dimensions.
[201Tl myocardial scintigraphy and 13N-NH3 positron computed tomography in evaluating myocardial blood flow]. (1986)

The early distribution of thallium-201 (Tl-201) is related to blood flow within the limits of the physiological range. We examined the ratio of myocardial uptake of Tl-201 to the total dose administered at rest and during exercise, in order to assess myocardial blood flow. The usual dose of Tl-201 (2-3 mCi) was diluted to 20 ml of normal saline and 15 ml were injected intravenously as a bolus. Subsequently the remaining 5 ml were injected in the same manner. Myocardial Tl-201 uptakes after the first dose were comparable to those of the second dose at rest when myocardial uptake immediately before the second injection was subtracted and multiplied by 3 (r = 0.98). This technique was applied during exercise to evaluate coronary reserve. Symptom-limited exercise was performed using a sitting ergometer and the first dose of Tl-201 was administered. After the routine scintigraphy with multiple views was completed, a second dose was given at rest. Myocardial uptake was greater during exercise than at rest by 32.6 +/- 15.1% (mean +/- SD) in 18 normal subjects. This was significantly greater than that of 20 patients with coronary artery disease (5.8 +/- 15.3%; p less than 0.005). Tl-201 scintigraphy has inherent limitations as to its quantitation, while positron scintigraphy using 13N-NH3 has some advantages for calculations. Percent myocardial uptake of 13N during exercise was practically equal to that at rest in six normal subjects (97.1 +/- 25.0%), but it was slightly reduced in patients with coronary artery disease (90.1 +/- 18.2%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)