gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Value of Coordination and Delayed Queue Information in Multicellular Scheduling (2013)

We study limited-coordination scheduling in a wireless downlink network with multiple base stations, each serving a collection of users over shared channel resources. When neighboring base stations simultaneously schedule users on the same channel resource, collisions occur due to interference, leading to loss of throughput. Full coordination to avoid this problem requires each base station to have complete “instantaneous” channel-state information for all its own users, as well as the ability to communicate on the same timescale as channel fluctuations with neighboring base stations. As such a scheme is impractical, if not impossible, to implement, we consider the setting where each base station has only limited instantaneous channel-state information for its own users, and can communicate with other base stations with a significant lag from the channel state variations to coordinate scheduling decisions. In this setting, we first characterize the throughput capacity of the system. A key insight is that sharing delayed queue-length information enables coordination on a slow timescale among the base stations, and this permits each base station to use limited and local channel-state along with global delayed queue-state to stabilize its users' packet queues. Based on this, we develop a distributed, queue-aware scheduling (and information exchange) algorithm that is provably throughput-optimal. Finally, we study the effect of inter-base-station coordination delay on the system packet delay performance under the throughput-optimal algorithm.
Integrate-and-Fire Models of Nerve Membrane Response to Oscillatory Input (1981)

Nerve membranes exhibit curious responses to alternating current stimulation, among which are phase locking, as well as responses without apparent periodic pattern. We investigate these phenomena by presenting a complete analysis of the response to periodic input of an integrate-and-fire model, which is a simplified version of the Hodgkin–Huxley theory for space clamped nerves.
Specular reflection reduction using a multi-flash camera (2004)

We describe a novel method to reduce the effect of specularities in digital images. Our approach is based on taking successive images of the scene with different light sources. We then exploit image reconstruction from gradient fields to obtain a specular-reduced image, useful for traditional photography and many computer vision methods.
Subcutaneous tissue response to titanium, poly(ϵ‐caprolactone), and carbonate‐substituted hydroxyapatite‐coated poly(ϵ‐caprolactone) plates: A rabbit study (2013)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the soft tissue response to poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) implants with and without carbonate-substituted hydroxyapatite (CHA) coating compared to the commonly used titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V)-machined surface. Experimental materials were implanted subcutaneously in New Zealand white rabbits for 5 weeks. The tissue attachment strength, as evaluated by a tissue peel test, histological and histomorphology analysis, as well as scanning electron microscopy were compared between groups. The peel test result revealed no statistically significant difference between groups. Histological analysis found fibrous capsule formation around all implant materials. The fibrous capsule around PCL implants with and without CHA coating was significantly thinner compared with the capsule thickness around the titanium implants. However, the inflammatory cells, as present at the fibrous capsule-implant interface, were found to be significantly lower in the Ti-group. In conclusion, the current data do not prove that PCL or PCL with a CHA coating results in a superior soft tissue response compared with a machined titanium implant.
NK Cell–Specific Gata3 Ablation Identifies the Maturation Program Required for Bone Marrow Exit and Control of Proliferation (2016)

NK cells are innate lymphocytes capable of eliciting an innate immune response to pathogens. NK cells develop and become mature in the bone marrow (BM) before they migrate out to peripheral organs. Although the developmental program leading to mature NK cells has been studied in the context of several transcription factors, the stage-specific role of GATA3 in NK cell development has been incompletely understood. Using NKp46-Cre-Gata3(fl/fl) mice in which Gata3 deficiency was induced as early as the immature stage of NK cell differentiation, we demonstrated that GATA3 is required for the NK cell maturation beyond the CD27 single-positive stage and is indispensable for the maintenance of liver-resident NK cells. The frequencies of NK cells from NKp46-Cre-Gata3(fl/fl) mice were found higher in the BM but lower in peripheral organs compared with control littermates, indicating that GATA3 controls the maturation program required for BM egress. Despite the defect in maturation, upon murine CMV infection, NK cells from NKp46-Cre-Gata3(fl/fl) mice expanded vigorously, achieving NK cell frequencies surpassing those in controls and therefore provided comparable protection. The heightened proliferation of NK cells from NKp46-Cre-Gata3(fl/fl) mice was cell intrinsic and associated with enhanced upregulation of CD25 expression. Taken together, our results demonstrate that GATA3 is a critical regulator for NK cell terminal maturation and egress out of the BM and that immature NK cells present in the periphery of NKp46-Cre-Gata3(fl/fl) mice can rapidly expand and provide a reservoir of NK cells capable of mounting an efficient cytotoxic response upon virus infection.
Simple and Inexpensive Paper-Based Astrocyte Co-culture to Improve Survival of Low-Density Neuronal Networks (2018)

Bottom-up neuroscience aims to engineer well-defined networks of neurons to investigate the functions of the brain. By reducing the complexity of the brain to achievable target questions, such <i>in vitro</i> bioassays better control experimental variables and can serve as a versatile tool for fundamental and pharmacological research. Astrocytes are a cell type critical to neuronal function, and the addition of astrocytes to neuron cultures can improve the quality of <i>in vitro</i> assays. Here, we present cellulose as an astrocyte culture substrate. Astrocytes cultured on the cellulose fiber matrix thrived and formed a dense 3D network. We devised a novel co-culture platform by suspending the easy-to-handle astrocytic paper cultures above neuronal networks of low densities typically needed for bottom-up neuroscience. There was significant improvement in neuronal viability after 5 days <i>in vitro</i> at densities ranging from 50,000 cells/cm<sup>2</sup> down to isolated cells at 1,000 cells/cm<sup>2</sup>. Cultures exhibited spontaneous spiking even at the very low densities, with a significantly greater spike frequency per cell compared to control mono-cultures. Applying the co-culture platform to an engineered network of neurons on a patterned substrate resulted in significantly improved viability and almost doubled the density of live cells. Lastly, the shape of the cellulose substrate can easily be customized to a wide range of culture vessels, making the platform versatile for different applications that will further enable research in bottom-up neuroscience and drug development.
The Extracellular Domain of p185 c-neu Induces Density-Dependent Inhibition of Cell Growth in Malignant Mesothelioma Cells and Reduces Growth of Mesothelioma In Vivo (2006)

EGFR is involved in the density-dependent inhibition of cell growth, while coexpression of EGFR with erbB2 can render normal cells transformed. In this study, we have examined the effect of a species of p185 that contains the transmembrane domain and the extracellular domain of p185(c-neu), on growth properties of a human malignant mesothelioma cell line that coexpresses EGFR and erbB2. The ectodomain form of p185(c-neu) enhanced density-dependent inhibition of cell growth and we found that p21 induction appeared to be responsible for this inhibitory effect. Previously, the extracellular domain species was shown to suppress the transforming abilities of EGFR and p185(c-neu/erbB2) in a dominant-negative manner. The ability of this subdomain to affect tumor growth is significant, as it reduced in vivo tumor growth. Unexpectedly, we found that the domain did not abrogate all of EGFR functions. We noted that EGFR-induced density-dependent inhibition of cell growth was retained. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors of EGFR did not cause density-dependent inhibition of cell growth of malignant mesothelioma cells. Therefore, simultaneously inhibiting the malignant phenotype and inducing density-dependent inhibition of cell growth in malignant mesothelioma cells by the extracellular domain of p185(c-neu) may represent an important therapeutic advance.
Large-scale Plasmonic Microarray: A New Approach for Label-free High-throughput Biosensing and Screening (2012)

We present a large-scale label-free microarray with over one million plasmonic nanohole array sensors on a microscope slide. A dual-color filter imaging method is invented to dramatically increase the sensor performance in a highly-multiplexed manner.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Derivatives of the Novel Tricyclo(4.4.2.01,5)dodecane Skeleton. (1987)

Abstract Oxidation of the diol (I) gives the trans‐dione (II) which is converted to the hydroxytricyclododecanone (V).
Can an Investigation of a Single Gene be Effective in Differentiating Certain Features of the Bipolar Disorder Profile? (2021)

Bipolar disorder (BD) is amongst the most common heritable mental disorders, but the clarification of its genetic roots has proven to be very challenging. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified to be associated with BD. SNPs in the CACNA1C gene have emerged as the most significantly associated with the disease. The aim of the present study is to provide a concise description of SNP 1006737 variants identified by Real Time PCR and confirm sequencing analysis with the Sanger method in order to estimate the association with BD. The molecular method was tested on 47 Sardinian subjects of whom 23 were found to not be mutated, 1 was found to be a carrier of the homozygous A allele and 23 were found to be carriers of the heterozygous G allele. Moreover, the positive results of the preliminary application suggest that the development of the screener could be extended to the other 5 genetic variables identified as associated with BD.
Ultrasound‐ and Microwave‐Assisted Preparation of Lead‐Free Palladium Catalysts: Effects on the Kinetics of Diphenylacetylene Semi‐Hydrogenation (2015)

Abstract The effect of environmentally benign enabling technologies such as ultrasound and microwaves on the preparation of the lead‐free Pd catalyst has been studied. A one‐pot method of the catalyst preparation using ultrasound‐assisted dispersion of palladium acetate in the presence of the surfactant/capping agent and boehmite support produced the catalyst containing Pd nanoparticles and reduced the number of pores larger than 4 nm in the boehmite support. This catalyst demonstrated higher activity and selectivity. The comparison of kinetic parameters for diphenylacetylene hydrogenation showed that the catalyst obtained by using the one‐pot method was seven times as active as a commercial Lindlar catalyst and selectivity towards Z ‐stilbene was high. Our work also illustrated that highly selective Pd/boehmite catalysts can be prepared through ultrasound‐assisted dispersion and microwave‐assisted reduction in water under hydrogen pressure without any surfactant.
Queue aware precoder design via OTA training (2016)

We consider the problem of designing transmit and receive precoders to minimize the number of backlogged packets at the base stations (BSs) in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) scenario. Due to the nonconvex nature of the problem, we propose an iterative method for designing transmit precoders and receive beamformers. Since the overhead involved in exchanging channel state information (CSI) to a centralized controller is large, we propose a distributed precoder design using Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) expressions. In order to efficiently implement precoders and to reduce the signaling overhead, we use bi-directional training (BiT) design to feedback the involved variables in an analog format. By doing so, we penalize the achievable throughput by the number of resources consumed in the BiT procedure. A realistic dynamic traffic model is considered, where the transmission rates of all users depend on the current arrivals and the number of backlogged packets present in the respective BS. To improve the performance with limited BiT steps, we perform BS specific updates for the corresponding transmit and receive beamformers between each BiT exchange. Numerical simulations are provided to highlight the benefits of proposed schemes by considering multiple transmission slots under time-correlated fading model.
Abstract 1310: Abrogation of KRas-addicted tumors by GSK3 suppression-mediated upregulation of β-catenin and c-myc (2019)

Abstract The significant involvement of mutant KRas in human cancer development underscores the need to develop approaches that disable mutant KRas-driven tumors. Targeting KRas directly is challenging, and such identifying vulnerabilities specific for mutant KRas tumors is an important alternative approach. In this study, we discovered that glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) is required for the in vitro and in vivo growth and survival of human mutant KRas-dependent tumors but not for mutant KRas-independent tumors. Pharmacological inhibition with the GSK3 inhibitor SB as well as siRNA depletion of GSK3 lead to tumor suppression that is mediated at least in part by inhibition of the phosphorylation of the GSK3 substrates c-Myc on T58 and β-catenin on S33/S37/T41. CRISPR/Cas9 targeted knock out studies demonstrated that c-Myc and β-catenin upregulation mediate the antitumor activity of SB. Importantly, GSK3 blockade inhibits the in vivo growth of G12D, G12V, and G12C mutant KRas primary and metastatic patient-derived xenografts from pancreatic cancer patients who progressed on chemo- and radiation therapies. This discovery warrants advanced pre-clinical and clinical investigations of GSK3 inhibitors in mutant KRas-dependent cancers. Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting. Citation Format: Aslamuzzaman Kazi, Shengyan Xiang, Hua Yang, Daniel Delitto, Jose Trevino, Rays H. Jiang, Muhammad Ayaz, Harshani Lawrence, Perry Kennedy, Said M. Sebti. Abrogation of KRas-addicted tumors by GSK3 suppression-mediated upregulation of β-catenin and c-myc [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1310.
Cause and control of automotive trauma. (1988)

Trauma, with particular emphasis on blunt impact and acceleration injury in the automotive environment, is compared to major diseases with regard to its characteristics and effects on individuals and society. The causes of motor vehicle crashes are reviewed and evidence is presented that the vehicle is a minor factor in accidents. Injury causation is discussed in engineering terms, and several approaches are presented for setting criteria to establish injury thresholds and to evaluate the effectiveness of injury preventive systems. The history and current status of occupant protection technologies are described, including vehicle crashworthiness, friendly interiors, and restraint systems, special attention is given to the need to use various systems in combination for maximum effectiveness. Finally, the broad scope of trauma's impact on society is described in terms of long-term consequences, including human disability and loss of productivity. An appeal is made for a cooperative approach among various interests to control automotive impact trauma in the future.
Modeling and analysis of ultrasound backscattering by spherical aggregates and rouleaux of red blood cells (2000)

The present study concerns the modeling and analysis of ultrasound backscattering by red blood cell (RBC) aggregates, which under pathological conditions play a significant role in the rheology of blood within human vessels. A theoretical model based on the convolution between a tissue matrix and a point spread function, representing, respectively, the RBC aggregates and the characteristics of the ultrasound system, was used to examine the influence of the scatterer shape and size on the backscattered power. Both scatterers in the form of clumps of RBC aggregates and rouleaux were modeled. For all simulations, the hematocrit was kept constant at 10%, the ultrasound frequency was 10 MHz, the insonification angle was varied from 0 to 90 degrees , and the scatterer size (diameter for clumps and length for rouleaux) ranged from 4 mum to 120 mum. Under Rayleigh scattering by assuming a Poisson distribution of scatterers in space, the ultrasound backscattered power increased linearly with the particle volume. For non-Rayleigh scatterers, the intensity of the echoes diminished as the scatterer volume increased, with the exception of rouleaux at an angle of 90 degrees . As expected, the backscattered power was angularly dependent for anisotropic particles (rouleaux). The ultrasound backscattered power did not always increase with the size of the aggregates, especially when they were no longer Rayleigh scatterers. In the case of rouleaux, the anisotropy of the backscattered power is emphasized in the non-Rayleigh region.
Enhancing the performance of OFDMA underlay cognitive radio networks via secondary pattern nulling and primary beam steering (2011)

Cognitive radio networks are receiving a lot of research attention lately. Most user equipment in state-of-the-art wireless communication systems are equipped with two antennas. In this paper, we take advantage of the two transmit antennas in an underlay cognitive radio network scenario. Secondary users use the two transmit antennas in order to insert a null in the direction of the primary base station, thus protecting primary users from interference on their uplink transmissions. Primary users benefit from the antennas in order to perform beam steering in direction of the primary BS, thus enhancing their uplink SINR without being concerned of the presence of the secondary users. This has the additional possible benefit of directing most primary radiation away from the secondary BS, thus reducing the interference on uplink secondary transmissions.
Induction of Apoptosis in Human Colon Carcinoma HCT116 Cells Using a Water Extract of Lepidium virginicum L. (2011)

본 연구에서는 콩다닥냉이 추출물의 항암활성을 조사하기 위하여 잎 및 뿌리의 열수 추출물(WELVL 및 WELVR)이 HCT116 대장암세포의 증식 억제와 연관된 apoptosis 유도 기전에 관한 연구를 시도하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 의하면 HCT116 세포에 WELVL 및 WELVR을 처리하였을 경우에 유발되는 증식 억제 및 형태 변화는 apoptosis 유발과 밀접한 연관이 있었으며, 증식억제 및 apoptosis 유도 효과는 WELVL에 비하여 WELVR에서 높게 나타났다. 특히 WELVR에 의한 apoptosis 유발에는 FasL의 발현 증가를 통한 caspase-8의 활성화와 이로 인한 Bid 단백질의 단편화와 함께 Bcl-2 family의 발현 변화를 통한 mitochondria의 기능 이상과 이로 인한 caspase-9 및 -3의 활성화, 그리고 기질단백질들의 분해가 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 IAP family의 발현 감소로 인한 caspase의 활성증가도 어느 정도 관여하는 것으로 생각되어진다. 따라서 WELVR 처리에 의하여 유발되는 apoptosis는 extrinsic pathway 및 intrinsic pathway를 모두 경유하는 multiple apoptotic pathway에 의하여 조절되는 것으로 생각되며, 이러한 결과들은 인체 암세포에서 콩다닥냉이의 항암작용을 이해하는데 중요한 자료가 될 것이고 나아가 콩다닥냉이 추출물을 포함한 그와 유사한 항암제 후보물질들의 연구 기초자료로서 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
Feasibility demonstration of a multi-level thin film BST capacitor technology (2002)

There is a continuing need for high density, high value (>0.1 /spl mu/F) capacitors on silicon substrates for compact circuit applications. The use of alternating layers of ferroelectric and electrode thin films to construct a multi-level capacitor (MLC) structure offers the opportunity to multiply capacitance areal density with minimal increase of device thickness beyond that of the silicon substrate. Such capacitors have been demonstrated in the Pt/BST/Pt system up to 4 levels over device areas >1 mm/sup 2/. This paper presents experimental data, the process engineering challenges, and the methodology used to demonstrate the feasibility of the MLC technology including some aspects of process architecture, equipment, and test vehicles.
Origin and microscopic mechanism for suppression of leakage currents in Schottky contacts to GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy (2003)

Dislocation-related conduction paths in n-type GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy and a mechanism for local suppression of current flow along these paths are analyzed using conductive atomic force microscopy, scanning Auger spectroscopy, and macroscopic current–voltage measurements. Application of an electric field at the GaN surface in an ambient atmospheric environment is shown to lead to local formation of gallium oxide in the immediate vicinity of the conduction paths, resulting in the strong suppression of subsequent current flow. Current–voltage measurements for Schottky diodes in which local conduction paths have been suppressed in this manner exhibit reverse-bias leakage currents reduced by two to four orders of magnitude compared to those in Schottky diodes not subjected to any surface modification process. These results demonstrate that the dislocation-related current leakage paths are the dominant source of leakage current in Schottky contacts to n-type GaN grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, and elucidate the nature of a microscopic process for their suppression.
Design and Optimization of Circular Magnetic Structures for Lumped Inductive Power Transfer Systems (2011)

A solution that enables safe, efficient, and convenient overnight recharging of electric vehicles is needed. Inductive power transfer (IPT) is capable of meeting these needs, however, the main limiting factor is the performance of the magnetic structures (termed power pads) that help transfer power efficiently. These should transfer 2-5 kW with a large air gap and have good tolerance to misalignment. Durability, low weight, and cost efficiency are also critical. 3-D finite-element analysis modeling is used to optimize circular power pads. This technique is viable, since measured and simulated results differ by 10% at most. A sample of power pads was considered in this work, and key design parameters were investigated to determine their influence on coupled power and operation. A final 2 kW 700-mm-diameter pad was constructed and tested having a horizontal radial tolerance of 130 mm (equivalent to a circular charging zone of diameter 260 mm) with a 200 mm air gap. The leakage magnetic flux of a charging system was investigated via simulation and measurement. The proposed pads meet human exposure regulations with measurement techniques specific by the Australian Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety Agency (ARPANSA) which uses the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) guidelines as a foundation.
New results in decentralized adaptive non-linear stabilization using output feedback (2001)

This paper proposes new results in decentralized adaptive stabilization for a class of large-scale non-linear systems with output measurements. Like previous work, the parametric uncertainty does not satisfy any matching conditions and the uncertain interconnections may be highly non-linear. Unlike most previous results in the literature of decentralized control, the development of our systematic approach does not rely on the crucial assumption that the (unmeasured) zero-dynamics of each individual local system are linear and enter the system additively and linearly. Simulation results based on a practical example of two inverted pendulums on carts demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed decentralized adaptive stabilization methodology.