gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microscopic modeling of multi-lane highway traffic flow (2003)

We discuss a microscopic model for the study of multi-lane highway traffic flow dynamics. Each car experiences a force resulting from a combination of the desire of the driver to attain a certain velocity, aerodynamic drag, and change of the force due to car–car interactions. The model also includes multi-lane simulation capability and the ability to add and remove obstructions. We implement the model via a Java applet, which is used to simulate traffic jam formation, the effect of bottlenecks on traffic flow, and the existence of light, medium, and heavy traffic flow. The simulations also provide insight into how the properties of individual cars result in macroscopic behavior. Because the investigation of emergent characteristics is so common in physics, the study of traffic in this manner sheds new light on how the micro-to-macro transition works in general.
A PROXYL‐Type Norbornene Polymer for High‐Voltage Cathodes in Lithium Batteries (2021)

A newly designed radical polymer with a polynorbornene backbone and unsaturated derivative of tetramethylpyrrolidine 1-oxyl (PROXYL) as pendant groups displays reversible redox at 3.75 V (vs Li/Li<sup>+</sup> ). The robust polymer design enables the high voltage while maintaining a promising cyclability (over 1000 cycles). The polymer is also beneficial as an additive to the regular lithium iron phosphate electrodes, where the quickly responding organic material facilitates the charging reactions catalytically.
Using Single-Crystal Graphene to Form Arrays of Nanocapsules Enabling the Observation of Light Elements in Liquid Cell Transmission Electron Microscopy (2022)

We have designed and fabricated a TEM (transmission electron microscopy) liquid cell with hundreds of graphene nanocapsules arranged in a stack of two Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub> membranes. These graphene nanocapsules are formed on arrays of nanoholes patterned on the Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4-<i>x</i></sub> membrane by focused ion beam milling, allowing for better resolution than for the conventional graphene liquid cells, which enables the observation of light elements, such as atomic structures of silicon. We suggest that multiple nanocapsules provide opportunities for consecutive imaging under the same conditions in a single liquid cell. The use of single-crystal graphene windows offers an excellent signal-to-noise ratio and high spatial resolution. The motion of silicon nanoparticles (a low atomic number (Z) material) interacting with nanobubbles was observed, and analyzed, in detail. Our approach will help advance liquid-phase TEM observations by providing a straightforward method to encapsulate liquid between monolayers of various 2-dimensional materials.
Late onset post-traumatic hypothalamic hypothermia (1983)

A case of post-traumatic hypothalamic hypothermia is described. An unusually selective defect in thermoregulatory function was demonstrated together with a defect in thyroid function suggestive of impaired hypothalamic control.
Supplementary Table S5 from High-Order Drug Combinations Are Required to Effectively Kill Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Data for characterization of triple combination targeting MDM2, MEK, and BCL-2/-XL.&lt;/p&gt;
CXCR4 and CCR5 ligands cooperate in monocyte and lymphocyte migration and in inhibition of dual‐tropic (R5/X4) HIV‐1 infection (2011)

One of the most important functions of chemokines and their receptors is the regulation of directional migration of leukocytes within tissues. In specific tissue compartments, cells are exposed to multiple chemokines presented in complex dimensional and temporal patterns. Therefore, a leukocyte requires the mechanisms to integrate the various directional signals it receives from different chemoattractants. In this study, we report that CCL3, CCL5, and CCL8, three potent mononuclear cell chemoattractants, are able to synergize with the homeostatic chemokine CXCL12 in the migration of CD14(+) monocytes, CD3(+) T-lymphocytes, or PHA-activated lymphoblasts. In addition, CCL5 augmented the CXCR4 ligand-driven ERK phosphorylation in mononuclear cells. Furthermore, the synergistic effect between CCL5 and CXCL12 in monocyte chemotaxis is inhibited in the presence of specific CCR1 antibody and AMD3100, but not by maraviroc. In HIV-1 infection assays, a combination of CXCL12 and CCL5 cooperated to inhibit the replication of the dual-tropic (R5/X4) HIV-1 HE strain. Finally, although the dual-tropic HIV-1 strain was barely suppressed by AMD3100 or maraviroc alone, HIV-1 infection was completely blocked by the combination of these two receptor antagonists. Our data demonstrate the cooperation between CCL5 and CXCL12, which has implications in migration of monocytes/lymphocytes during inflammation and in HIV-1 infection.
Taylor projection mesh coupling between three-dimensional discontinuous grids for S{sub N} (1996)

In three-dimensional discrete ordinates (S{sub N}) transport methods, it is desirable (and at times necessary) to use discontinuous spatial grids in coarse cells or at material interfaces. On a single processor machine, variable meshing permits high definition in regions of interest, with coarse grids used in less important regions. In parallel processing, variable meshing can be used to reduce load imbalances in problems spatially decomposed over large processor arrays. In a typical S{sub N} iterative solution scheme, a source iteration is performed, followed by sweeps in angular flux for each discrete ordinate using a spatial differencing scheme. As the sweeps progress through the various spatial grids in a problem, particle conservation must be maintained at any discontinuous grid interfaces. Typically, this is accomplished using a simple balance of particles streaming across a boundary surface, resulting in a zeroth-order approximation. This procedure works well in the case of sweeps progressing from fine grids to coarse grids; however, a loss of information occurs as angular sweeps progress from coarse grids to fine grids. This paper describes a first-order Taylor Projection Mesh Coupling (TPMC) scheme for an x-y-z S{sub N} method that attempts to mitigate the loss of angular flux information as sweepsmore » are made from coarse to fine grid surfaces.« less
Recent Progresses and Future Prospects of Two- and Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystals (2006)

Photonic crystals, in which the refractive index changes periodically, provide an exciting new tool for the manipulation of photons and have received keen interest from a variety of fields. This paper reviews the recent progress and future prospects of photonic crystals and their applications to photonic-nanostructure devices
First field trial of optical label-based switching and packet drop on a 477 km NTON/Sprint link (2002)

We have demonstrated for the first time in our knowledge optical label-based wavelength switching and packet drop over actual field fiber. We have shown SCM-formatted optical labeling transmission with less than 2 dB power penalty for both label and payload over 476 km of fiber. The optical label switching achieves packet drop and re-transmission of the remaining packet.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorine Passivation of Metal Alloy Surface with Volatile Reaction Enhanced Mechanism. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Minimum turns/shortest path problems: a framed-subspace approach (2002)

The optimality of paths for motion planning is often judged purely on the lengths of the paths computed using an L/sub m/ metric. There are a number of other optimality criteria which are just as important, if not more so, for certain applications. In particular, determining paths of minimum turns is a very important problem in the area of robotic motion planning as well as VLSI design and IC layout. In this paper, we present efficient algorithms for finding the minimum turn paths, the minimum turn shortest paths, the shortest minimum turn paths, and the minimum cost paths. Our approach is based on propagating an artificial path planning wave through an environment represented by a framed-quadtree.
Efficient entrapment and catalytic conversion of lithium polysulfides on hollow metal oxide submicro-spheres as lithium–sulfur battery cathodes (2018)

Li-S battery technology, with high theoretical capacity and energy density, has drawn much attention in recent years as a possible replacement for current Li-ion battery technologies. A major drawback of Li-S batteries is a severe capacity fading effect which, to a large extent, stems from the dissolution and diffusion of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) that are formed during both charge and discharge cycles. The self-discharge caused by the LiPS migration during the charge process (the so-called "shuttle effect") often leads to the capacity decay of Li-S batteries. Herein, hollow structured metal oxide (Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, and NiO) submicro-spheres are prepared by a novel method and employed as efficient LiPS immobilizers. These Li-S batteries, based on the developed metal oxide spheres, possess outstanding rate capability and cycling stability. The best performing S/C/Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrode delivers excellent cycling stability with only a 0.066% capacity decay per cycle during 550 cycles. Moreover, its discharge capacity is as high as 428 mA h g<sup>-1</sup> at a 3C rate which is far superior to that of bare S/C (115 mA h g<sup>-1</sup>) at 3C. The fast kinetics of the electrocatalytic conversion of LiPS on the developed Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> electrode and its unique hollow structure are the key factors that lead to its outstanding performance as a Li-S battery cathode material.
Dimerization of the transmembrane domain of amyloid precursor proteins and familial Alzheimer's disease mutants (2008)

The dissociation constants are correlated to both the Abeta42/Abeta40 ratio and the mean age of disease onset in AD patients. We also show that these TM-peptides reduce Abeta production and Abeta42/Abeta40 ratios when added to HEK293 cells overexpressing the Swedish FAD mutation and gamma-secretase components, potentially revealing a new class of gamma-secretase inhibitors.
Tissue engineering of small-diameter vascular grafts: A literature review (2011)

For the treatment of cardiovascular disease, functional arterial blood vessel prostheses with an inner diameter less than 6 mm are needed. This article gives an overview of the preparation of such vascular grafts by means of tissue engineering.
Si Nanocrystal Memory Devices Self-Assembled by In Situ Rapid Thermal Annealing of Ultrathin a-Si on SiO[sub 2] (2007)

Si-nanocrystal memories have been fabricated using the thermal agglomeration of an ultrathin (0.9–3.5 nm) amorphous Si (a-Si) film. The a-Si was deposited by electron beam evaporation followed by in situ annealing at 850°C for 5 min. Hemispherical nanocrystals were obtained with a dot density up to 3.9 X 1011 cm−2, and a stored charge density of 4.1 X 1012 cm−2 (electron + hole) was achieved. The data retention characteristics of nanocrystal-embedded devices have shown a 1 V memory window after 100 h. Well-separated Si nanocrystals with a 23–32% surface-coverage ratio have been successfully demonstrated. The process compatibility of the proposed technique was also discussed.
Long-Lived Accurate Keypoints in Event Streams (2022)

We present a novel end-to-end approach to keypoint detection and tracking in an event stream that provides better precision and much longer keypoint tracks than previous methods. This is made possible by two contributions working together. First, we propose a simple procedure to generate stable keypoint labels, which we use to train a recurrent architecture. This training data results in detections that are very consistent over time. Moreover, we observe that previous methods for keypoint detection work on a representation (such as the time surface) that integrates events over a period of time. Since this integration is required, we claim it is better to predict the keypoints' trajectories for the time period rather than single locations, as done in previous approaches. We predict these trajectories in the form of a series of heatmaps for the integration time period. This improves the keypoint localization. Our architecture can also be kept very simple, which results in very fast inference times. We demonstrate our approach on the HVGA ATIS Corner dataset as well as "The Event-Camera Dataset and Simulator" dataset, and show it results in keypoint tracks that are three times longer and nearly twice as accurate as the best previous state-of-the-art methods. We believe our approach can be generalized to other event-based camera problems, and we release our source code to encourage other authors to explore it.
A New and Short Convergent Synthetic Strategy to Carbocyclic Nucleosides (2007)

An efficient synthesis for racemic cyclopent-3-en-1-yl nucleoside analogues has been developed starting from cyclopentadiene. The key step is the regioselective hydroboration of a mixture of intermediate alkylatede cyclopentadienes to give one cyclopentenol.
Gradient-Applied Weighted Loss for Details of 3D Shape in Single-View Reconstruction (2022)

There has been considerable research on reconstructing 3D shapes from single-view images; however, preserving the detailed information of the input image remains difficult. In this paper, we propose the application of a gradient map to train a network, aimed at improving the visual quality of fine-grained details such as the thin and tiny components of generated shapes. Each gradient map was created from the original voxel data, and each value represented the amount of information per volume. Here, the gradient map was defined by several methods that mathematically quantify and represent the detailed structure of an object. By applying this map to the loss function in training, we could induce the network to intensively train partial details, such as thin and narrow parts. We demonstrated that the detailed information was well-recovered when a weight that is proportional to the gradient value was applied to the loss. Furthermore, it is expected that our method will contribute to the development of 3D technologies related to the construction of virtual space for simulation and new customer experience.
Multicore EDFA for Space Division Multiplexing by Utilizing Cladding-pumped Technology (2014)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Tsuchida, M. Tadakuma, and R. Sugizaki, "Multicore EDFA for Space Division Multiplexing by Utilizing Cladding-pumped Technology," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2014), paper Tu2D.1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A unified Coq framework for verifying C programs with floating-point computations (2016)

We provide concrete evidence that floating-point computations in C programs can be verified in a homogeneous verification setting based on Coq only, by evaluating the practicality of the combination of the formal semantics of CompCert Clight and the Flocq formal specification of IEEE 754 floating-point arithmetic for the verification of properties of floating-point computations in C programs. To this end, we develop a framework to automatically compute real-number expressions of C floating-point computations with rounding error terms along with their correctness proofs. We apply our framework to the complete analysis of an energy-efficient C implementation of a radar image processing algorithm, for which we provide a certified bound on the total noise introduced by floating-point rounding errors and energy-efficient approximations of square root and sine.
Expression, prognosis value, and immune infiltration of lncRNA ASB16-AS1 identified by pan-cancer analysis (2021)

Long non-coding RNA known as ASB16 antisense RNA1 (ASB16-AS1) has been proven to be an oncogene, and the relationship between ASB16-AS1 and immunity is still under studied. This study aims to explore the expression and prognostic potential of ASB16-AS1, and to visualize the relationship between ASB16-AS1 expression and immune infiltration in pan-cancer analysis. We clarified ASB16-AS1 expression patterns and its relationship with prognosis through multi-platform and multi-database sources. We also verified the function of ASB16-AS1 in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). A variety of immune cell content evaluation methods were used to mutually verify the correlation between ASB16-AS1 and immune infiltration. Finally, the relationships between ASB16-AS1 and molecular characteristics were further explored. In terms of comprehensive analysis, compared with non-tumor tissues, ASB16-AS1 was highly expressed in tumor tissues, and indicated the value of poor prognosis in multiple cancer types. Functional assays, such as counting kit-8 assay, transwell assay and scratch-wound assay verified that high ASB16-AS1 expression promoted tumor progression in LIHC. ASB16-AS1 was positively correlated with B cells, T cells CD4+ and T cells CD8+ in most cancer types, and negatively correlated with macrophages, dendritic cells and neutrophils in some cancer types. In addition, there were different interaction modes between ASB16-AS1 and molecular features, such as the relationship with oncogenic signaling pathways, showing that the high ASB16-AS1 expression was related to alterations in oncogenic signaling pathways. Our study emphasizes that ASB16-AS1 is a potential pan-cancer prognostic marker, whichs is associated with the immune infiltration in multiple cancer types.
One-year follow-up of the CAPSID randomized trial for high-dose convalescent plasma in severe COVID-19 patients (2022)

BACKGROUNDResults of many randomized trials on COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) have been reported, but information on long-term outcome after CCP treatment is limited. The objectives of this extended observation of the randomized CAPSID trial are to assess long-term outcome and disease burden in patients initially treated with or without CCP.METHODSOf 105 randomized patients, 50 participated in the extended observation. Quality of life (QoL) was assessed by questionnaires and a structured interview. CCP donors (n = 113) with asymptomatic to moderate COVID-19 were included as a reference group.RESULTSThe median follow-up of patients was 396 days, and the estimated 1-year survival was 78.7% in the CCP group and 60.2% in the control (P = 0.08). The subgroup treated with a higher cumulative amount of neutralizing antibodies showed a better 1-year survival compared with the control group (91.5% versus 60.2%, P = 0.01). Medical events and QoL assessments showed a consistent trend for better results in the CCP group without reaching statistical significance. There was no difference in the increase in neutralizing antibodies after vaccination between the CCP and control groups.CONCLUSIONThe trial demonstrated a trend toward better outcome in the CCP group without reaching statistical significance. A predefined subgroup analysis showed a significantly better outcome (long-term survival, time to discharge from ICU, and time to hospital discharge) among those who received a higher amount of neutralizing antibodies compared with the control group. A substantial long-term disease burden remains after severe COVID-19.Trial registrationEudraCT 2020-001310-38 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04433910.FundingBundesministerium für Gesundheit (German Federal Ministry of Health).
Horizontal Transfer of the Plant Virulence Gene, nec1 , and Flanking Sequences among Genetically Distinct Streptomyces Strains in the Diastatochromogenes Cluster (2002)

Evidence for the horizontal transfer of a pathogenicity island (PAI) carrying the virulence gene nec1 and flanking sequences among Streptomyces strains in the Diastatochromogenes cluster is presented. Plant-pathogenic, thaxtomin-producing Streptomyces strains, previously classified as S. scabiei based on the conventionally used phenotypic characteristics, were found to be genetically distinct from the type strain of S. scabiei based on DNA relatedness and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Pairwise DNA-DNA hybridizations between some of these strains and the S. scabiei type strain were as low as 36%, a value much below what is conventionally accepted for species identity (70%). The sequence of the nec1 gene, however, was identical in all the S. scabiei and S. scabiei-like strains tested, irrespective of their DNA relatedness to the type strain of S. scabiei, their geographic origin, or the isolation host. Furthermore, a 26-kb DNA fragment including and flanking nec1 was also conserved among these strains based on restriction and Southern analyses. These data indicate that the etiology of potato scab is more complex than previously recognized; this result has important implications for potato scab management strategies. Previous research has suggested that horizontal transfer of a PAI was the mechanism for evolution of pathogenicity in S. acidiscabies and S. turgidiscabies, species that lie outside of the Diastatochromogenes cluster. Data presented here support this model and indicate that PAI transfer also has occurred frequently in species closely related to S. scabiei.
Waveform Design with Constellation Extension for OFDM Dual-Functional Radar-Communications (2022)

&lt;p&gt;Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is widely used and works efficiently for the communication, but emerging applications requires OFDM to be flexible to meet sensing requirements. The time-frequency waveform design of OFDM for dual-functional radar-communications (DFRC) is critical to achieve the future communication and sensing requirements. Therefore, we propose a novel method to minimize Cram\'{e}r-Rao bounds (CRBs) of the delay and Doppler estimation to improve radar performance of an OFDM DFRC system. Although some methods are proposed in the literature to improve the CRBs, these methods either require feedforward signaling or subcarrier reservation. However, it is possible to exploit the constellation extension of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) to achieve lower CRBs without these requirements. Therefore, the proposed method provides a transparent communication along with the CRB minimization for conventional OFDM systems. For the evaluation of the proposed method, CRB and symbol error rate (SER) are considered in the simulation results. Furthermore, the theoretical SER analysis of the proposed method is derived to understand the effects of CRB minimization on the communication performance.&lt;/p&gt;