gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract IA-18: Mouse embryonic stem cells exist in a unique metabolic state (2009)

Abstract The cell division cycle of mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells is considerably more rapid than that of even the most aggressively growing cancer cells. In order to investigate whether mouse ES cells might exist in a unique metabolic state supportive of rapid growth, organic extracts were prepared and analyzed by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Upon comparison of mouse ES cells with differentiating embryoid bodies, such assays revealed profound differences in the abundance of metabolites associated with one-carbon metabolism and purine biosynthesis. It was also noted that the abundance of both threonine and acetyl-CoA changed markedly as ES cells were cued to differentiate into embryoid bodies. These differences in metabolite abundance were traced to the copious, ES cell specific expression of the gene encoding threonine dehydrogenase (TDH). TDH gene expression was 1,000-fold higher in ES cells than any of 7 tissues assayed from adult mice. The TDH enzyme catalyzes the mitochondrial breakdown of threonine into glycine and acetyl-CoA. Glycine is further catabolized by mitochondrial enzymes associated with the glycine cleavage system to foster the charging (methylation) of tetrahydrofolate, a key intermediate in purine synthesis. The acetyl-CoA produced from TDH-mediated breakdown of threonine is fed into the TCA cycle. This TDH-dependent metabolic pathway is used in rapidly growing microbial organisms, including bacteria and yeast — and is a component of what has been termed the high flux backbone of microbial metabolism. “Drop-out” culture media were prepared individually missing each of the 20 amino acids. It was observed that mouse ES cells grow fine in all drop-out media except that lacking threonine. Cell division and DNA synthesis of mouse ES cells were abruptly impeded in threonine-deficient culture medium. Threonine dependence was not observed for any of a number of other cell lines that do not express the TDH gene, including HeLa cells, mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells, or NIH 3T3 cells. These studies provide evidence that mouse ES cells are unique in using threonine as a metabolic fuel. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(23 Suppl):IA-18.
Damage Evolution and Failure Mechanisms for APS-TBCS (2008)

Thermal barrier coatings (TBC-s) have been utilized in gas turbine engines for over two decades, primarily to protect the existing materials under the demands for higher temperatures and greater engine efficiency. Atmospheric Plasma Sprayed TBC, commonly used for hot combustion chamber components of advanced gas turbines, are exposed to thermo-mechanical loads, which may lead to failure in form of macroscopic spallations from the metallic component. The durability of TBC is limited by the interaction of different processes and parameters, such as bond coat oxidation, cyclic strains, visco-plastic and relaxation properties, interface roughness and others. In this work, the spallation failure mechanisms and damage evolution of APS-TBC system are investigated on samples aged by isothermal and thermal cycle tests using different time and temperatures exposures. Several parameters have been analyzed by SEM and a life prediction model approach for APS-TBC is being developed focusing on oxidation kinetics, identifying the parameters such as rumpling, bond coat oxidation, TGO thickness and interdiffusion of base metal elements which drive the oxide formation and TBC spallation mechanisms.
Key Parameters for Startability Improvement Applied to Ethanol Engines (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;It is well known that high ethanol content fuels have to face poor quality regarding startability in cold conditions on a spark ignited engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper will show test results when using E0, E85 and E100 fuels led on a single cylinder engine equipped with an active valve train research system. In order to improve engine behavior in severe thermal conditions, influence of several parameters was investigated. Injection strategies (timing, split injection, flow rate), valve train laws (delayed intake opening, valve lift…), ignition parameters (timing, multi-spark, strong energy coil…) as well as intake pressure were analyzed thanks to cylinder pressure analysis and specific test procedure. CFD investigations (influence of fuel, wall wetting) helped us to confirm some hypothesis on physical phenomenon. Those simulations were correlated with spray and wall film visualizations in the inlet port on an optical engine.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To conclude, it has been clearly shown that valve lift and valve timing optimization are the most efficient strategies as well as injection timing and low intake pressure to minimize start duration. Fruitful CFD results were also found on wall wetting process and underline some guidelines to optimize settings. This work provides a useful help to get efficient tuning on flex fuel engines.&lt;/div&gt;
Community-based aortic stenosis detection: clinical and echocardiographic screening during influenza vaccination (2021)

Our pilot study confirms feasibility of valvular heart disease screening in the elderly in a primary care setting. Using simple and inexpensive diagnostic measures and 7.3 million UK inhabitants undergoing influenza vaccination, nationwide screening could potentially identify 130 000 patients with moderate AS and a significant number of patients with severe AS.
Arthrodesis of the Shoulder (2006)

Shoulder arthrodesis is an end-stage salvage option for the failing, painful joint that cannot undergo or has failed reconstruction. It is indicated for irreversible and nonreconstructible massive rotator cuff tears and deltoid muscle denervation as well as for detachment of the deltoid from its origin. Rarely, arthrodesis is done to stabilize the glenohumeral joint after many failed attempts at shoulder reconstruction. Arthrodesis for failed prosthetic arthroplasty or tumor resection presents additional challenges because of the associated bone loss on the humeral and/or glenoid side of the joint. Primary arthrodesis requires rigid internal plate fixation and both an extra- and an intra-articular site of fusion. Depending on bone volume and quality needed, the patient may require bracing for 8 to 10 weeks, autogenous or allograft bone grafting, or a vascularized fibular bone graft to reconstruct the bone deficiency, along with prolonged spica cast immobilization. The optimal position for arthrodesis is 20 degrees of forward flexion, 20 degrees of abduction, and 40 degrees of internal rotation, with modifications based on patient body size or other patient-specific factors. Bone fusion is attained in nearly all patients, with marked pain reduction and improved function. Postoperatively, the patient should be able to lift the arm to near shoulder height and to reach the top of the head, the mouth, the ipsilateral back pocket, and the groin. Complications include nonunion, malposition, pain associated with prominent hardware, and periarticular fractures.
Enhancing Periodontal Health Through Regenerative Approaches Periodontal Soft Tissue Root Coverage Procedures: Practical Applications From the AAP Regeneration Workshop (2015)

Focused Clinical Question: How should gingival recession (GR) defects be managed based on current evidence? Summary: The purpose of this practical application is to illustrate the management of GR defects with a primary outcome goal of complete root coverage. The consensus in dental literature and among expert clinicians is that root coverage may be attained through the application of different procedures and that outcomes are generally measured by reduced defect depth, gain in clinical attachment, and an increase in keratinized tissue (KT). These procedures may include the use of: 1) subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG); 2) coronally advanced flap; 3) free gingival graft; and 4) soft tissue graft substitutes (acellular dermal matrix and xenogeneic collagen matrix materials) and biologics (recombinant human platelet-derived growth factor and enamel matrix derivative). The variability in these techniques revolves around the inclusion or avoidance of a palatal donor graft. The decision as to how to approach a specific clinical GR-type defect should be a combination of considerations relativetotheclinician’ssurgicalgoalsandthepatient’sunderstandingoftheanticipatedoutcome.Theassociatedsystematic review(ChambroneandTatakis,JPeriodontol2015;86(Suppl.):S8-S51)providesclearevidencethatSCTG-basedprocedures provide the best outcome for mean and complete root coverage, as well as an increase in KT. Patient-reported outcomes, a topic that needs additional research, should be considered in the decision-making process. Conclusion: Based on the available evidence and the illustrated casesincluded in this practical application, root coverage can be predictably achieved and a successful clinical outcome can be maintained long term. Clin Adv Periodontics 2015;5:2-10.
Policy Behavior for Well-Known BGP Communities (2019)

Well-Known BGP Communities are manipulated differently across various
current implementations; resulting in difficulties for operators.
Network operators should deploy consistent community handling across
their networks while taking the inconsistent behaviors from the
various BGP implementations into consideration.. This document
recommends specific actions to limit future inconsistency, namely BGP
implementors must not create further inconsistencies from this point
forward.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Strigolactone and Strigolactam Derivatives for Potential Crop Enhancement Applications in Modern Agriculture (2019)

Strigolactones have been known as signaling molecules in the rhizosphere of plants since more than 50 years. However, their roles as phytohormone have been only recognized since 2008. We describe here a very efficient synthetic access to representative canonical strigolactones displaying the A-B-C-D tetracyclic structure and to non-canonical strigolactones as carlactonoic acid and methyl carlactonoate. In addition, we report the design and the synthesis of strigolactams as promising derivatives of strigolactones for potential use in modern agriculture. Among the synthetic methods developed for this project, the intramolecular [2+2] cycloaddition of keteneiminium salts to C=C bond has been particularly useful to the synthesis of natural strigolactones and their potentially improved analogues.
Iron and Ruthenium Alkynyl Complexes with 2‐Fluorenyl Groups: Some Linear and Nonlinear Optical Absorption Properties (2016)

Four new mononuclear alkynyl complexes each featuring a terminal 2‐fluorenyl group, namely Fe(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )(CO) 2 [C≡C(2‐C 21 H 25 )] ( 2 ), Ru(κ 2 ‐dppe) 2 Cl[C≡C(2‐C 21 H 25 )] ( 3 ), Ru(κ 2 ‐dppe) 2 [C≡C(4‐C 6 H 4 NO 2 )][C≡C(2‐C 21 H 25 )] ( 4 ), and [Fe(η 5 ‐C 5 Me 5 )(κ 2 ‐dppe){C≡C(C 5 H 4 N)‐CH 2 (2‐C 13 H 9 )}][PF 6 ] ( 5 [PF 6 ]), have been synthesized and characterized, and their redox, absorption, and emission properties have been studied. For the two ruthenium derivatives 3 and 4 , these studies are complemented by spectroelectrochemical investigations, Z‐scan measurements, and DFT calculations. Fluorimetric studies reveal that these compounds are poorly or not luminescent, and, when luminescent, that the detected weak luminescence most likely originates from a higher lying ligand‐centred (LC) excited state presumably located on fluorene. Finally, the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of 3 and 4 are reported. It is shown that the bis‐alkynyl complex 4 is significantly more active than 3 and that both compounds exhibit two‐photon absorption (TPA) around 860–1050 nm, with TPA cross‐sections above 350 GM. In addition, it is shown that both species should give rise to a marked switching of their cubic NLO properties in this spectral range upon oxidation.
Insights into Amine Binding to Biaryl Phosphine Palladium Oxidative Addition Complexes and Reductive Elimination from Biaryl Phosphine Arylpalladium Amido Complexes via Density Functional Theory (2007)

We present results on the binding of a variety amines to monoligated oxidative addition complexes of the type L1Pd(Ar)Cl, where L is 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',6'-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos, 1) or 2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2',4',6'-tri-ispropylbiphenyl (XPhos, 2). The binding of an amine to oxidative addition complexes composed of 1 and 2 is more complex than with smaller ligands as intermediate Pd(II) complexes with bulky biaryl phosphine ligands disfavor amine binding to favorable conformations of oxidative addition complexes. Additionally, thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for reductive elimination from complexes of the type L1Pd(amido)Ph (where amido = EtNH, Me2N, PhNH) are discussed. From this data, we suggest a possible mechanism for (biaryl phosphine) Pd-catalyzed amination reactions that is more intricate than previously thought.
Single-sensor active noise cancellation (1994)

Active noise cancellation is an approach to noise reduction in which a secondary noise source that destructively interferes with the unwanted noise is introduced. In general, active noise cancellation systems rely on multiple sensors to measure the unwanted noise field and the effect of the cancellation. This paper develops an approach that utilizes a single sensor. The noise field is modeled as a stochastic process, and a time-adaptive algorithm is used to adaptively estimate the parameters of the process. Based on these parameter estimates, a canceling signal is generated. In general, the transfer function characteristics from the canceling source to the error sensor need to be accounted for. If these can be accurately measured in advance and are invertible except for the propagation delay between the source and sensor, then the essential problem becomes one of predicting future values of the noise field. The algorithm developed is evaluated with both artificially generated noise and with recordings of aircraft noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Elaboration and interaction of auto-organized nanostructures for nanoelectronics applications Make toward nanowires transistor (2008)

National audience
Effect of Substance P and Sar<sup>9</sup>Met(O<sub>2</sub>)<sup>11</sup>-Substance P on Cutaneous Capillary Permeability in Guinea Pig Skin (1992)

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of several drugs on the increase in cutaneous capillary permeability induced by intradermal injection of substance P (SP) and Sar9Met(O2)11-SP in guinea pig skin. On the one hand, the increase in cutaneous capillary permeability was partly reduced by spantide, promethazine, atropine or SR 40037, an inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme. On the other hand, norepinephrine and B3824, a B2-antagonist of bradykinin, showed an enhancing effect. Our results suggest that the effect of SP and Sar9Met(O2)11-SP in guinea pigs is partly mediated by histamine and acetylcholine, and that there is a relationship between tachykinins and bradykinin.
Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Repair Using Lip Adhesion Combined with a Passive Intraoral Alveolar Molding Appliance: Surgical Results and the Effect on the Maxillary Alveolar Arch (2006)

Lip adhesion and a passive alveolar molding appliance achieved a normal position and stabilized the arch in a symmetrical platform.
ChemInform Abstract: SEPARATION OF DIASTEREOMERS USING A LOW COST PREPARATIVE MEDIUM‐PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPH (1979)

Abstract Mit Alkyllithiumverbindungen (II) entstehen aus den 1‐Alkenyloxazolinen (I) die stereoisomeren Addukte (III), die zu den Carbonsäuren (IV) führen.
Akkermansia muciniphila phospholipid induces homeostatic immune responses (2022)

Multiple studies have established associations between human gut bacteria and host physiology, but determining the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations has been challenging<sup>1-3</sup>. Akkermansia muciniphila has been robustly associated with positive systemic effects on host metabolism, favourable outcomes to checkpoint blockade in cancer immunotherapy and homeostatic immunity<sup>4-7</sup>. Here we report the identification of a lipid from A. muciniphila's cell membrane that recapitulates the immunomodulatory activity of A. muciniphila in cell-based assays<sup>8</sup>. The isolated immunogen, a diacyl phosphatidylethanolamine with two branched chains (a15:0-i15:0 PE), was characterized through both spectroscopic analysis and chemical synthesis. The immunogenic activity of a15:0-i15:0 PE has a highly restricted structure-activity relationship, and its immune signalling requires an unexpected toll-like receptor TLR2-TLR1 heterodimer<sup>9,10</sup>. Certain features of the phospholipid's activity are worth noting: it is significantly less potent than known natural and synthetic TLR2 agonists; it preferentially induces some inflammatory cytokines but not others; and, at low doses (1% of EC<sub>50</sub>) it resets activation thresholds and responses for immune signalling. Identifying both the molecule and an equipotent synthetic analogue, its non-canonical TLR2-TLR1 signalling pathway, its immunomodulatory selectivity and its low-dose immunoregulatory effects provide a molecular mechanism for a model of A. muciniphila's ability to set immunological tone and its varied roles in health and disease.
Tengiz Field (Republic of Kazakhstan) Unit 1 Platform Static Model: Using a Hybrid Depositional – Diagenetic Approach (2010)

Abstract Traditional rock typing combined with an inferred depositional linkage for variogram-based simulation is a standard approach in carbonates. In the Tengiz Unit 1 platform, reservoir properties of carbonates as defined by Petrophysical Rock Types (PRTs) are the product of primary depositional facies and diagenetic modification that have separate spatial trends and interactions. Careful, multidisciplinary and targeted analysis is required to unravel such trends from the usually complex hard data sets, but is critical as an understanding of the trends forms the basis for reservoir modeling of the Tengiz Unit 1 platform. Depositional cycles in the Unit 1 Tengiz platform (Late Visean to Bashkirian) are made up of a succession of generally shoaling lithofacies overlying a sharp base with evidence for subaerial exposure and/or flooding. Systematic study of the diagenetic products of several sequences across the platform using petrography, stable isotopes and CL revealed that the diagenetic modification includes early meteoric dissolution and subsequent cementation, late burial dissolution and late burial bitumen cementation. PRTs are designed to include spatial attributes of the combined stratigraphic, facies and diagenetic framework form the basis for the Multiple Point Statistics and Facies Distribution Modeling (MPS/FDM) simulation of the SIM08T Unit 1 static platform reservoir model. Of the six PRTs, one is linked to volcanic ash (PRT 1), one associated with bitumen (PRT 2) and four with increasing porosity (PRTs 3-6) where PRT 3 tight and PRTs 4-6 represent increasing reservoir quality with PRT 6 the highest quality. PRT maps and a vertical proportion curve were used to generate the facies probability cube and convolved with training images, specifying the spatial interrelationship, to generate a PRT realization. The revised sequence stratigraphic framework and integration of novel concepts in modeling the diagenetic overprint addressed the need for a refined understanding of the platform in preparation for the FGP miscible gas injection project. In addition, the extensive use of MPS/FDM modeling approaches in Unit 1 has resulted in a more realistic integration of both depositional and diagenetic trends in the Unit 1 platform.
In vitro metabolism of 1,3-dioxane, 1,3-oxathiolane, and 1,3-dithiane derivatives of theophylline: a structure-metabolism correlation study. (1993)

Correlation between structure and metabolism was studied within a series of cyclic acetal and thioacetal theophylline derivatives. All the compounds showed marked regioselectivity in in vitro metabolism, the metabolites arising only from 7-cycloalkyl side chain transformation. The 1,3-dioxane derivative, besides N-dealkylation to theophylline, underwent enzymatic ring cleavage, through the oxidation of the acetal carbon and subsequent rearrangement. Thus the acetal group was converted enzymatically to an ester. A similar transformation, catalyzed by cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenases, was previously found for the 1,3-dioxolane ring of doxophylline. The cyclic thioacetal derivatives (i.e. 1,3-oxathiolane and 1,3-dithiane) were not cleaved during oxidative metabolism. The metabolites arise only from the oxidation of the sulfur atom, the major nucleophilic center in the molecule. No N-dealkylation to theophylline was observed. Enzymatic sulfoxidation proceeded diastereoselectively in both the 1,3-oxathiolane and 1,3-dithiane rings, the trans isomers being the major ones with a ratio trans: cis 75:25 and 60:40 respectively. The sulfoxides were stable to hydrolysis and were not further metabolized. Neither disulfoxides nor sulfones were detected in the incubations.
Effect of Chemical Composition and Microstructure on Stress Sensitivity of Ferrite. (2001)

As is known, the magnetic properties of ferrites are liable to be influenced by external stress. In this paper we describe our study of the effects of chemical composition and microstructure on the stress sensitivity of initial permeability of NiMgCuZn ferrites. When the external stress is applied to the ferrites, the reducing of the initial permeability due to the deficiency of Fe2O3 is observed. Furthermore, a finely dispersed grain size in microcrystalline structure is highly effective in stabilizing of initial permeability. As the compressive stress is applied parallel to the magnetic field, the maximum initial permeability of NiCuZn ferrite can be observed at 4 MPa. On the other hand, that of MgCuZn ferrite is observed at around 0 MPa. It seems possible to stabilize the initial permeability against the external stress by a further increase in composition ratio of NiO/(NiO + MgO).
Exploring the role of glycans in the interaction of SARS-CoV-2 RBD and human receptor ACE2 (2021)

Abstract COVID-19 is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. It has become a global pandemic and its frequent mutations may pose new challenges for vaccine design. During viral infection, the Spike RBD of SARS-CoV-2 binds the human host cell receptor ACE2, enabling the virus to enter the host cell. Both the Spike and ACE2 are densely glycosylated, and it is unclear how distinctive glycan types may modulate the interaction of RBD and ACE2. Detailed understanding of these determinants is key for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. To this end, we perform extensive all-atom simulations of the (i) RBD-ACE2 complex without glycans, (ii) RBD-ACE2 with oligomannose MAN9 glycans in ACE2, and (iii) RBD-ACE2 with complex FA2 glycans in ACE2. These simulations identify the key residues at the RBD-ACE2 interface that form contacts with higher probabilities, thus providing a quantitative evaluation that complements recent structural studies. Notably, we find that this RBD-ACE2 contact signature is not altered by the presence of different glycoforms, suggesting that RBD-ACE2 interaction is robust. Applying our simulated results, we illustrate how the recently prevalent N501Y mutation may alter specific interactions with host ACE2 that facilitate the virus-host binding. Furthermore, our simulations reveal how the glycan on Asn90 of ACE2 can play a distinct role in the binding and unbinding of RBD. Finally, an energetics analysis shows that MAN9 glycans on ACE2 decrease RBD-ACE2 affinity, while FA2 glycans lead to enhanced binding of the complex. Together, our results provide a more comprehensive picture of the detailed interplay between virus and human receptor, which is much needed for the discovery of effective treatments that aim at modulating the physical-chemical properties of this virus.