gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A model‐based reconstruction for undersampled radial spin‐echo DTI with variational penalties on the diffusion tensor (2015)

Radial spin-echo diffusion imaging allows motion-robust imaging of tissues with very low T2 values like articular cartilage with high spatial resolution and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). However, in vivo measurements are challenging, due to the significantly slower data acquisition speed of spin-echo sequences and the less efficient k-space coverage of radial sampling, which raises the demand for accelerated protocols by means of undersampling. This work introduces a new reconstruction approach for undersampled diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI). A model-based reconstruction implicitly exploits redundancies in the diffusion-weighted images by reducing the number of unknowns in the optimization problem and compressed sensing is performed directly in the target quantitative domain by imposing a total variation (TV) constraint on the elements of the diffusion tensor. Experiments were performed for an anisotropic phantom and the knee and brain of healthy volunteers (three and two volunteers, respectively). Evaluation of the new approach was conducted by comparing the results with reconstructions performed with gridding, combined parallel imaging and compressed sensing and a recently proposed model-based approach. The experiments demonstrated improvements in terms of reduction of noise and streaking artifacts in the quantitative parameter maps, as well as a reduction of angular dispersion of the primary eigenvector when using the proposed method, without introducing systematic errors into the maps. This may enable an essential reduction of the acquisition time in radial spin-echo diffusion-tensor imaging without degrading parameter quantification and/or SNR.
Investigation of the effects of longitudinal control friction on the pilot-airplane combination in a tracking problem (1957)

http://archive.org/details/investigationofe1094524746
High Yield Resolution of Tris-(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) by a Second-order Asymmetric Process (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh Yield Resolution of Tris-(ethylenediamine)-cobalt(III) by a Second-order Asymmetric ProcessDaryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1955, 77, 10, 2747–2748Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01615a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01615a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views765Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crystal structure and optical properties of a high-density InGaN nanoumbrella array as a white light source without phosphors (2016)

Abstract We demonstrated the fabrication of a peculiar GaN/InGaN-based high-density nanocrystal array on a nitrogen polarity GaN layer using a simple self-assembly process for the first time. The nanocrystals consist of bending InGaN nanoplates and supporting GaN nanocolumns. The nanocrystals are umbrella shaped with diameters of ∼200–700 nm; therefore, they are referred to as InGaN nanoumbrellas. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the crystal structures of the nanoumbrellas and provided information about their growth mechanism. The photoluminescence (PL) properties of the InGaN nanoumbrellas were also characterized, and an extremely wide range of optical emission wavelengths (∼360–800 nm) was obtained from a small excitation diameter of ∼10 μm. Multiple sharp peaks resembling lasing actions were also observed in the PL spectrum; the resonant mode was likely caused by the whispering gallery mode. These results indicate that the high-density GaN/InGaN-based nanoumbrella array can be used as a source of white light without phosphors.
224 Vibration Analysis and Reduction of a Drum Type Washing Machine in the Spin-drying Stage (2006)

全自動洗濯機の振動は,回転ドラム内に発生する衣類の偏りによる偏荷重に起因するものであり,特に高速回転を要する脱水運転時には顕著となる.この振動は筐体へ伝わり,設置場所周辺に悪影響を及ぼす.この問題は洗濯機開発当初からの問題であり,これに対して様々な研究がなされてきた.この振動問題を軽減するため,振動系の改良が進められてきたが,従来のような,試作機を用いた実験では,設計パラメータを効率的に最適化することは困難である.そのため,近年,振動解析モデルを構築し,それを用いて設計パラメータを検討する技術が注目されており,それに伴って多様なモデルが提案されている.しかし,これらのモデルは様々な仮定を用いることによって自由度を制限されているため,実機の振動を解析的に把握するには不十分である.低振動化のためには,実機の振動現象を総合的に把握する必要があるため,開発・設計段階では,外槽胴の振動のみならず,筐体の振動,及び設置場所への力伝達をも解析できるモデルの構築が望まれている.これらを受け,本研究では脱水運転時における全自動洗濯機の低振動化のために,外槽胴,筐体の振動,及び設置場所への力伝達を解析し,総合的に評価できる振動解析モデルを構築する.そのために,スプリングダンパ及びダンパ上下部防振ゴム,筐体脚部防振ゴムの動特性の把握,及び周波数依存性や変位依存性を調べるために加振実験を行い,その結果明らかになった振動特性を考慮に入れ,振動解析モデルを構築した.構築したモデルをFig.A1に示す.構築したモデルの妥当性を検証するために実機を用いて実験を行い,解析値との比較を行った.結果の一例として各回転数における外槽胴振幅の実験値と解析値の比較をFig.A2に示す。これより,実験値と解析値は精度良く一致していることが確認できる.これは他偏荷重条件でも同一の精度で一致しており,構築された振動解析モデルは外槽胴の定常振動及び過渡振動の解析において十分に妥当性があるといえる.また,構築されたモデルを用いて脱水運転時における振動の低減化を図るため,最適なパラメータ変更を検証し,提案する.構築モデルを構成するパラメータのうち,応答に影響を及ぼすと考えられるパラメータの抽出,及びそれらのパラメータの主効果と交互作用の有無の検定を効率的に行なうため実験計画法を利用した.その結果,設置場所への荷重や外槽胴,筐体の振動も低減され,低振動化のための最適なパラメータ変更を効率的に行なうことができた.
P2‐427: Combined nutrient incubation improves receptor function stimulation over single nutrient incubation in pheochromocytoma cells (2008)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by memory loss as a consequence of reduced neurotransmission. Functional deterioration of neuronal components, especially membrane linked components like receptors, is thought to play a significant role. Indeed, deterioration of the cholinergic system is found already early in AD pathogenesis and involves reduction of acetylcholine levels but also reductions in acetylcholine receptors, in particular muscarinic M1 receptors. Former study has shown that membrane-targeted multi-nutrient intervention could increase agonist binding to muscarinic M1 receptors in rats, indicative for enhanced cholinergic neurotransmission. The current study set out to detect effects of single nutrient and nutrient combinations on receptor agonist binding in neuronal cells. To this end pheochromocytoma cells were incubated with individual nutrients from specific nutrient classes (PUFA's, nucleotides, phospholipids, B-vitamins and antioxidants) or combinations of nutrients from different classes for 24 hours. Thereafter, a flex-station was used to measure agonist induced changes in membrane potential. In untreated cells it was shown that agonists induced dose-dependent changes in membrane potential. Sub-optimal doses of agonists were then applied to the supplemented cells. The results show that cells incubated with single nutrients or combinations of 2 showed a minor change in membrane potential (approx. 2% increase compared to control). Cells incubated with combinations of nutrients from 3 classes showed an increase of approximately 20% while combining 4 classes resulted in a roughly 40% increase in membrane potential change. The combination of nutrients from all classes into one supplementation resulted in a 60% increase compared to untreated cells. Together, these results show that incubation with nutrients resulted in greater agonist-induced changes in membrane potential, suggesting stronger receptor stimulation. Moreover, agonist-induced changes in membrane potential were especially enhanced in cells incubated with specific combinations of nutrient classes. These results demonstrate that specific combinations of nutrients can effectively enhance receptor functioning and might offer an effective means to improve neurotransmission.
Flash memory-based storage device for mobile embedded applications (2007)

This paper reviews Flash memory technology and flash translation layer (FTL) that provides a block device interface out of flash memory. It also describes two implementations of FTL that represent two extreme points in the spectrum of cost-performance trade-offs in FTL implementation. After presenting results on the performance and energy- efficiency of the two FTLs, this paper argues for a configurable FTL to address the diversity of mobile embedded systems in terms of cost and performance requirements.
Phosphorylation Down-regulates the RNA Binding Function of the Coat Protein of Potato Virus A (2001)

Plant viruses encode movement proteins (MPs) to facilitate transport of their genomes from infected into neighboring healthy cells through plasmodesmata. Growing evidence suggests that specific phosphorylation events can regulate MP functions. The coat protein (CP) of potato virus A (PVA; genus Potyvirus) is a multifunctional protein involved both in virion assembly and virus movement. Labeling of PVA-infected tobacco leaves with [(33)P]orthophosphate demonstrated that PVA CP is phosphorylated in vivo. Competition assays established that PVA CP and the well characterized 30-kDa MP of tobacco mosaic virus (genus Tobamovirus) are phosphorylated in vitro by the same Ser/Thr kinase activity from tobacco leaves. This activity exhibits a strong preference for Mn(2+) over Mg(2+), can be inhibited by micromolar concentrations of Zn(2+) and Cd(2+), and is not Ca(2+)-dependent. Tryptic phosphopeptide mapping revealed that PVA CP was phosphorylated by this protein kinase activity on multiple sites. In contrast, PVA CP was not phosphorylated when packaged into virions, suggesting that the phosphorylation sites are located within the RNA binding domain and not exposed on the surface of the virion. Furthermore, two independent experimental approaches demonstrated that the RNA binding function of PVA CP is strongly inhibited by phosphorylation. From these findings, we suggest that protein phosphorylation represents a possible mechanism regulating formation and/or stability of viral ribonucleoproteins in planta.
Autonomous Inflow Control for Maximizing Oil Recovery and Minimizing Water/Steam Production (2018)

Abstract One of the challenges in heavy and extra heavy oil production is to improve the recovery and reduce the water cut. A major part of the world's oil reserves is found in heavy and extra heavy oil reservoirs. One of the problems in heavy oil field with water drive or Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is the mobility ratio. Due to the high oil viscosity the water and/or steam breakthrough will occur after a short time of production. As the breakthrough expands, the production from the well must be choked or stopped due to high water cut. Inflow Control Device (ICD) and Autonomous Inflow Control Device (AICD) may improve the inflow profile along the well. However, neither ICD nor AICD can shut off the unwanted fluid production completely. The Autonomous Inflow Control Valve (AICV) can shut off the unwanted fluid completely and the technology is presented. The commercial near-well simulation tool, NETool, is used to model and evaluate different scenarios of completion design. Open hole and AICV completion with zonal isolation are compared. A heterogeneous sand stone reservoir with heavy oil and water or gas breakthrough is modeled. The functionality of the AICV, which is to open for oil and close for low viscous fluids as water, steam and gas is modeled by the predefined RCP function. Experimentally determined flow performance characteristics were used to tune the RCP function, and gave a realistic prediction of the AICV behavior. The simulation results show that the completion with AICVs in combination with packers as zonal isolation, reduces the water cut (WC) and gas oil ratio (GOR) significantly. A study of the impact of number of packers i.e. size of the zones, demonstrates that several small compartments is the most robust solution. The water cut will decrease with increasing number of compartments. The inflow profile is more optimal for the AICV completion than for open hole, and shows the ability to enhance drainage efficiency and oil recovery. The importance of gas/water shut off to maintain or increase the oil production at breakthrough is demonstrated.
On the Throughput Capacity of Opportunistic Multicasting with Erasure Codes (2008)

In this paper, we concentrate on opportunistic scheduling for multicast information. We pose the problem as a multicast throughput optimization problem. As a solution we present how one can jointly utilize fixed-rate and rateless erasure coding along with simple rate adaptation techniques in order to achieve the optimal multicast throughput per user. We first investigate the performance of the proposed system under i.i.d. channel conditions. Our analysis shows a linear gain for the multicast capacity over i.i.d. Rayleigh fading channels with respect to the number of users. Since the established results require coding over large number of blocks and hence induce large decoding delays, we extend our analysis to the cases where we code over shorter block lengths and thus quantify the delay-capacity tradeoffs under a simple setting. We further look into non-i.i.d. channel conditions and show achievable gains by modifying a scheduling heuristic whose fairness is well- established for opportunistic scheduling of unicast flows. Our overall evaluations demonstrate that under both i.i.d. and non-i.i.d. channel conditions, opportunistic multicasting with erasure coding can significantly improve the performance over the traditional techniques used in today's communication systems.
10-to-112-Gb/s DSP-DAC-Based Transmitter in 7-nm FinFET With Flex Clocking Architecture (2020)

This article presents a multiprotocol DSP-DACbased SerDes architecture. The lookup table (LUT)-based DSP provides flexible number of taps for equalization, and soft switching driver allows 1.2-Vpp transmit swing to achieve higher SNR. The architecture employs cascaded phase-locked loop (PLL)based flexible clocking to support a wide range of data rates from 10 to 112 Gb/s. The LC PLL generates 10.25-14.5 GHz but distributes a divided version of the clock between 2.25 and 3.625 GHz with less than 140-fs integrated jitter. The local ring PLL multiplies the clock to 28 GHz but keeps the jitter less than 180 fs thanks to wide loop bandwidth. The transmitter is implemented in 7-nm FinFET consuming 175 mW with 1.56-pJ/bit efficiency.
A journey through the rational design of molecular solids with halogen bonding (2008)

The recent application of softer X-ray radiation provides an alternative path to solve protein crystal structures in high throughput pace.In-house chromium Kα radiation (λ = 2.29 Å) is one of the most commonly used softer X-ray radiation wavelengths in macromolecular crystallography.Chromium radiation increases the anomalous signal of many intrinsic elements or often used heavy atoms in derivatization.For example, compared to Cu radiation, the contribution to the anomalous term of sulfur and selenium atom doubles to 1.14 e and 2.28 e, respectively.These enhanced anomalous signals are sufficient to be routinely collected and processed with modern instrumentation and software packages.This work reports several examples of protein structures solved using sulfur-SAD phasing.For these proteins it was difficult to produce or crystallize the selenium-methionine substituted form, or to reproduce more of the original crystals.In other words, the native forms of these crystals had to be used to solve their structures.A single data set was collected with an in-house Cr X-ray radiation source for each protein crystal and was phased by the S-SAD phasing approach.These examples demonstrate that Cr radiation has become a routine phasing approach in the crystallographer's toolkit, which makes it possible to solve a crystal structure with native crystals only or before synchrotron data collection when selenium-methionine substituted protein is not available.This method clearly improves the productivity of macromolecular structure determination, usage of synchrotron beam time and helps enhance high throughput structure determination.
Dynamic flux balancing elucidates NAD(P)H production as limiting response to furfural inhibition in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2015)

Achieving efficient and economical lignocellulose-based bioprocess requires a robust organism tolerant to furfural, a major inhibitory compound present in lignocellulosic hydrolysate. The aim of this study was to develop a model that could generate quantitative descriptions of cell metabolism for elucidating the cell's adaptive response to furfural. Such a modelling tool could provide strategies for the design of more robust cells. A dynamic flux balance (dFBA) model of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was created by coupling a kinetic fermentation model with a previously published genome-scale stoichiometric model. The dFBA model was used for studying intracellular and extracellular flux responses to furfural perturbations under steady state and dynamic conditions. The predicted effects of furfural on dynamic flux profiles agreed well with previously published experimental results. The model showed that the yeast cell adjusts its metabolism in response to furfural challenge by increasing fluxes through the pentose phosphate pathway, TCA cycle, and proline and serine biosynthesis in order to meet the high demand of NAD(P)H cofactors. The model described here can be used to aid in systematic optimization of the yeast, as well as of the fermentation process, for efficient lignocellulosic ethanol production.
Electrocatalysis and Charge-Transfer Reactions at Redox-Modified Zeolites (2000)

When aluminosilicate zeolites, which are microporous crystalline scaffolds, intersect with electrochemistry, new opportunities arise for control of ion- and electron-transfer reactions. In this Account, we describe how zeolites modified with either redox solutes or nanocrystalline particles (which when electrified behave as nanoelectrodes) give rise to new reaction products for old catalytic schemes, improve catalytic turnovers relative to the zeolite-free electrocatalyst, and generate practical amounts of electrosynthesized product at nanoelectrode-modified zeolites. The electrochemical reactions driven at redox-modified zeolites demonstrate the ability of the truncated topography of the zeolite boundary to affect charge-transfer reactions.
Towards Robust Intuitive Vision-Based User Interfaces (2006)

In future video communication services, the user's communication device, such as PC, laptop, PDA or mobile phone is equipped with new interaction modalities. These can be cameras and microphones on the capturing side and speech synthesis and video/3D graphics on the rendering side. Haptic and tactile interfaces become also available. These modalities help the user to interact more intuitive with complex devices and tools and provide new services. Hence, a key challenge of new modalities is robustness and stability under general conditions in arbitrary environments. Furthermore, inexperienced users should be able to use these new capabilities without dedicated knowledge of device settings or algorithms. In this paper, we will present some key components for a robust vision-based user interface, which are integrated in an advanced future video communication service
Shear‐controlling rocking‐isolation podium system for enhanced resilience of high‐rise buildings (2022)

Abstract Rapid urban growth has been paired with a rapid increase in the demand for high‐rise buildings, and has accelerated the need for developing more resilient high‐rise buildings in earthquake‐prone regions. Current best practices for the seismic design of high‐rise buildings follow a performance‐based design approach that allows the designer to use innovative structural systems, select performance objectives, and verify seismic performances targeted at multiple levels of seismic intensity. As shortcomings in conventional code‐designed high‐rise buildings continue to be revealed by strong earthquakes, the importance of more resilient high‐rise systems is increasingly evident. Several high‐performance systems have been proposed to limit the excessive seismic demands attributed to higher‐mode effects in high‐rise buildings. However, these systems still face design challenges associated with distributed damage and residual deformations. This paper proposes a novel self‐centering base mechanism for high‐rise buildings that independently limits both shear forces and overturning moments at the base to mitigate higher‐mode effects, while eliminating residual deformations and controlling concentrated stresses within the structure that otherwise would need to be designed for. The schematic overview of the proposed system is first introduced, followed by the detailed design of a physical embodiment developed based on a reference 42‐story RC core wall building. Results of a numerical case‐study comparison confirm that an enhanced seismic performance is achieved through the proposed system with minimum damage and negligible residual deformations even following major seismic loading. The proposed system, with further investigations, also has the potential to be applied to a wider range of structural systems.
DNA-Based Nanostructures for Live-Cell Analysis (2020)

DNA-based probes constitute a versatile platform for making biological measurements due to their ability to recognize both nucleic acid and non-nucleic acid targets, ease of synthesis and chemical modification, amenability to be interfaced with signal amplification schemes, and inherent biocompatibility. Here, we provide a historical perspective of how a transition from linear DNA structures toward more structurally complex nanostructures has revolutionized live-cell analysis. Modulating the structure gives rise to probes that can enter cells without the aid of transfection reagents and can detect, track, and quantify analytes in live cells at the single-organelle, single-cell, tissue section, and whole organism levels. We delineate the advantages and disadvantages associated with different probe architectures and describe the advances enabled by these structures for elucidating fundamental biology as well as developing improved diagnostic and theranostic systems. We also discuss the outstanding challenges in the field and outline potential solutions.
Reliability of computer‐assisted retinal vessel measurement in a population (2002)

The purpose of the study was to assess the intergrader and intragrader reliability of computer-assisted retinal vessel dia-meter measurement in a defined, community-based population. Retinal photographs from participants in the Blue Mountains Eye Study were digitized using standard techniques. A grader identified all retinal vessels located 0.5-1.0 disc diameter from the optic disc margin,and a computer program measured the width of these vessels. Intergrader and intragrader reliability was assessed on a random sub-sample of 184 and 97 images, respectively, using quadratic weighted kappa(kappa) and correlation analysis (R2). Intergrader reliability was high for summary indices of retinal arteriolar (kappa = 0.85, R2 = 0.88)and venular (kappa = 0.90, R2 = 0.90)diameters, and their ratio, the arteriole-to-venule ratio (kappa = 0.75, R2 = 0.79).Intragrader reliability was also high, with kappa values ranging from 0.80 to 0.93 and from 0.80 to 0.92 for graders 1 and 2, respectively. It is concluded that the retinal vessel diameters could be reliably measured using computer-assisted software and may be used for population-based research.