gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal Decision Fusion Based Automatic Modulation Classification by Using Wireless Sensor Networks in Multipath Fading Channel (2011)

Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is deployed, as the intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation, to identify modulation schemes automatically. Modulation classification is a challenging task, especially in a non-cooperative environment, owing to the lack of prior information on the transmitted signal at the receiver; the problem will be more challenging in the multipath fading channel. The proposed AMC method based on optimal decision fusion by using wireless sensor networks provides a more accurate classification result than any one of the individual signal alone. Wireless sensor networks offer increased reliability and optimal decision fusion provides huge gains in overall classification performance as compared to that of the single sensor. Thus, optimal decision fusion based AMC by using wireless sensor networks greatly enhances classification performance of weak signals in non-cooperative communication environment. Classification performances of optimal decision fusion based AMC by using wireless sensor networks in the multipath fading channel are investigated and evaluated in terms of correct classification probability. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we demonstrate that the proposed AMC algorithm can greatly outperform that of single sensor in multipath fading channel.
Crystalline Order of a Water/Glycine Film Coadsorbed on the (104) Calcite Surface (2007)

For biomineralization processes, the interaction of the surface of calcite crystals with organic molecules is of particular importance. Especially, biologically controlled biomineralization as in exoskeletons of mollusks and echinoderms, e.g., sea urchin with single-crystal-like spines and shells,1-3 requires molecular control of seed formation and growth process. So far, experiments showing the obvious influence of organic molecules on the morphology and habit of calcite crystals have demonstrated the molecular dimension of the interaction.4-7 Details of the kinetics of growth and dissolution of mineral surfaces influenced by additives are available,8,9 but other experimental data about the structure of the organic/inorganic interface on the atomic scale are rare. On the other hand, complicated organic macromolecules which are involved in biomineralization are numerous, with only a small fraction solved in structure and function so far.10-13 Therefore, model systems have to be designed to provide a basic understanding for the interaction process.14 Using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction combined with molecular modeling techniques, we show that glycine molecules order periodically on the calcite (104) face in competition with the solvent water when exposed to an aqueous solution of the most simple amino acid. In contrast to the general concept of the charge-matching fit of organic molecules on mineral surfaces,4,14 glycine is not attached to the calcite surface directly but substitutes for water molecules in the second hydration layer.
Classification of Mechanical Properties of Aluminum Foam by Machine Learning (2021)

In this study, the mechanical properties of aluminum foam were classified by machine learning from their X-ray computed tomography (CT) images. It was found that aluminum foam samples with high and low compressive strengths can be classified with an accuracy rate of more than 95%. In addition, it was indicated that the accuracy rate can be further improved by increasing the amount of training data. From these results, it is expected that the quality assurance method of aluminum foam can be established by nondestructively acquiring the images of the manufactured aluminum foam product.
Real-Time Decoding of Nonstationary Neural Activity in Motor Cortex (2008)

Neural decoding has played a key role in recent advances in brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) by converting brain signals into control commands to drive external devices such as robotic limbs or computer cursors. A number of practical algorithms including the well-known linear regression and Kalman filter models have been used to predict continuous movement in a real-time online context using recordings from a chronically implanted multielectrode microarray in the motor cortex. Though effective, those models were often based on a strong assumption that the neural signal sequence is a stationary process. Recent work, however, indicates that the motor system significantly varies over time. To characterize the dynamic relationship between neural signals and hand kinematics, here we develop an adaptive approach for each of the linear regression and Kalman filter methods. Experimental results show that the new adaptive algorithms generate more accurate decoding than the nonadaptive algorithms. To make the new algorithms feasible in an online situation, we further develop a recursive update approach and theoretically demonstrate its superior efficiency. In particular, the adaptive Kalman filter is shown to be more accurate and efficient. We also test the new methods in a simulated BMI experiment where the true hand motion is not known. The successful performance suggests these methods could be useful decoding algorithms for practical applications.
Widespread and tissue-specific expression of endogenous retroelements in human somatic tissues (2020)

This study shows that ERE expression in somatic tissues is more pervasive and heterogeneous than anticipated. The high and diversified expression of EREs in mTECs and their ability to generate MAPs suggest that EREs may play an important role in the establishment of self-tolerance. The viral-like properties of ERE-derived MAPs suggest that those not expressed in mTECs can be highly immunogenic.
Distribution of trans-vaccenic acid and cis9,trans11-conjugated linoleic acid (rumenic acid) in blood plasma lipid fractions and secretion in milk fat of Jersey cows fed canola or soybean oil (2002)

To determine fatty acid distribution in lipid fractions of bovine blood plasma, 24 multiparous Jersey cows at peak lactation were fed a control diet (no supplemental oil, NOS) or the control diet supplemented at 35 gkg -1 dry matter with canola oil (CAN), soybean oil (SOY), or a mixture of equal amounts of canola and soybean oil (MIX) for 4 wk. Plasma lipid fractions were isolated with aminopropyl columns. Fatty acid concentration in the phospholipid (PL), cholesterol ester (CE), and triglyceride (TG) fractions of plasma from cows fed supplemental oil was 142 (+47%), 144 (+57%), and 26 (+72%) gmL -1 greater than those of the control group. Oleic acid increased from 153 to 195, 100 to 151, 35 to 53, and 103 to 161 mgg -1 of total fatty acids in the free fatty acid (FFA), PL, CE, and TG fractions, respectively, when CAN-fed cows were compared with NOS. In contrast, SOY intake increased 18:2n-6 in FFA, PL, CE, and TG fractions from 37 to 55, 327 to 366, 684 to 744, and 42 to 72 mgg -1 , respectively. In the TG fraction, feeding SOY also increased trans11-18:1 from 40 to 105 mgg -1 and cis9,trans11-18:2 from 1 to 12 mgg -1 . Concentration and yield of trans11-18:1 in milk fat were 21 mgg -1 and 13.7 gd -1 when feeding NOS, and increased to 45 mgg -1 and 43.1 gd -1 in response to SOY. Similarly, concentration and yield of cis9,trans11-18:2 were 5 mgg -1 and 7.3 gd -1 , and increased to 13 mgg -1 and 11.2 gd -1 in response to SOY. Concentrations of trans-isomers in blood plasma and milk fat ranked by treatment reflected linoleic acid intakes, and were greater in SOY-fed cows compared with NOS or CAN-fed cows. Plasma lipid fractions can be used to appraise incomplete biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids in the rumen.
Nonlinear Evolution via Spatially-Dependent Linear Dynamics for Electrophysiology and Calcium Data (2018)

Latent variable models have been widely applied for the analysis of time series resulting from experimental neuroscience techniques. In these datasets, observations are relatively smooth and possibly nonlinear. We present Variational Inference for Nonlinear Dynamics (VIND), a variational inference framework that is able to uncover nonlinear, smooth latent dynamics from sequential data. The framework is a direct extension of PfLDS; including a structured approximate posterior describing spatially-dependent linear dynamics, as well as an algorithm that relies on the fixed-point iteration method to achieve convergence. We apply VIND to electrophysiology, single-cell voltage and widefield imaging datasets with state-of-the-art results in reconstruction error. In single-cell voltage data, VIND finds a 5D latent space, with variables akin to those of Hodgkin-Huxley-like models. VIND's learned dynamics are further quantified by predicting future neural activity. VIND excels in this task, in some cases substantially outperforming current methods.
Surface Reconstruction from Structured Light Images Using Differentiable Rendering (2021)

When 3D scanning objects, the objective is usually to obtain a continuous surface. However, most surface scanning methods, such as structured light scanning, yield a point cloud. Obtaining a continuous surface from a point cloud requires a subsequent surface reconstruction step, which is directly affected by any error from the computation of the point cloud. In this work, we propose a one-step approach in which we compute the surface directly from structured light images. Our method minimizes the least-squares error between photographs and renderings of a triangle mesh, where the vertex positions of the mesh are the parameters of the minimization problem. To ensure fast iterations during optimization, we use differentiable rendering, which computes images and gradients in a single pass. We present simulation experiments demonstrating that our method for computing a triangle mesh has several advantages over approaches that rely on an intermediate point cloud. Our method can produce accurate reconstructions when initializing the optimization from a sphere. We also show that our method is good at reconstructing sharp edges and that it is robust with respect to image noise. In addition, our method can improve the output from other reconstruction algorithms if we use these for initialization.
A transparent replication of HTTP service (1999)

We developed Web++, a prototype system based on user-transparent geographic replication which aims at improving the response time and the reliability of the HTTP service. Web++ extends the current Web client/server architecture with additional capabilities. The extension is provided via Java servlets at the server side and applets at the client side. The servlets pre-process the requested documents such that each logical URL is replaced by a list of physical URLs corresponding to the list of the resource's replica. An applet is automatically downloaded to the client machines together with the first request of each new user session. For subsequent requests within a user session, the applet chooses the physical URT, that corresponds to a resource held by an available server that is expected to deliver the best response time for the server.
Modulation of mitochondrial gene expression in pulmonary epithelial cells exposed to oxidants. (1998)

Oxidants are important in the regulation of signal transduction and gene expression. Multiple classes of genes are transcriptionally activated by oxidants and are implicated in different phenotypic responses. In the present study, we performed differential mRNA display to elucidate genes that are induced or repressed after exposure of rat lung epithelial (RLE) cells to H2O2 or crocidolite asbestos, a pathogenic mineral that generates oxidants. After 8 or 24 hr of exposure, RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed, and amplified by polymerase chain reaction with degenerate primers to visualize alterations in gene expression. The seven clones obtained were sequenced and encoded the mitochondrial genes, NADH dehydrogenase subunits ND5 and ND6, and 16S ribosomal RNA. Evaluation of their expression by Northern blot analysis revealed increased expression of 16S rRNA after 1 or 2 hr of exposure to H2O2. At later time periods (4 and 24 hr), mRNA levels of 16S rRNA and NADH dehydrogenase were decreased in H2O2-treated RLE cells when compared to sham controls. Crocidolite asbestos caused increases in 16S rRNA levels after 8 hr of exposure, whereas after 24 hr of exposure to asbestos, 16S rRNA levels were decreased in comparison to sham controls. In addition to these oxidants, the nitric oxide generator spermine NONOate caused similar decreases in NADH dehydrogenase mRNA levels after 4 hr of exposure. The present data and previous studies demonstrated that all oxidants examined resulted in apoptosis in RLE cells during the time frame where alterations of mitochondrial gene expression were observed. As the mitochondrion is a major organelle that controls apoptosis, alterations in expression of mitochondrial genes may be involved in the regulation of apoptosis.
A novelCLN8mutation in late-infantile-onset neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) reveals aspects of CLN8 neurobiological function (2009)

The late-infantile-onset forms of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis (LINCL) are the most genetically heterogeneous group among the autosomal recessive neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCLs), with causative mutations found in CLN1, CLN2, CLN5, CLN6, CLN7 (MFSD8), and CLN8 genes. Homozygous mutations in CLN8 are associated with two distinct phenotypes: progressive epilepsy and mental retardation (EPMR), first identified in Finland; and a variant of late-infantile NCL (v-LINCL) described in a subset of Turkish and Italian patients. The function of the protein encoded by CLN8 is currently unknown. Here we report the identification of an Italian v-LINCL patient with a complete isodisomy of chromosome 8, leading to homozygosity of a maternally-inherited 3-bp deletion in CLN8 gene (c.180_182delGAA, p.Lys61del). Notably, uniparental disomy (UPD) has never been described associated with the NCLs. In addition, we provide evidence of the biological role of CLN8 characterized by expressing in different neuronal cell models the native protein, the protein carrying the mutation identified here, or three additional missense mutations previously described. Our results, validated through a gene silencing approach, indicate that CLN8 plays a role in cell proliferation during neuronal differentiation and in protection against cell death.
Improvement of In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Based CO Sensor by Using Surface Modifiers (1998)

Aiming at developing a semiconductor CO sensor applicable to the safety control of gas appliances, we carried out an extensive material search for promoters to In2O3-based elements. Among the elements added (0.5 wt%) with each of 12 transition metal oxides, the Co3O4-added one was outstanding in sensitivity and selectivity to CO at 200°C. Remarkably the sensing properties of this element could be improved further by the addition of Au (0.04 wt%). The doubly promoted element, Au (0.04 wt%)-Co(0.5 wt%)-In2O3, gave excellent characteristics in sensitivity to CO, selectivity to CO over H2 and other selected gases, and response rates at 250°C. The promoting effects of the additives were shown to originate from the proper enhancement of catalytic activity for CO oxidation.
夏日清爽“盘丝”DIY (2007)

骨子里我们都想做回盘丝大仙,将三千烦恼丝缠缠绕绕,焕发出万种风情。燥热的夏日,你更想清爽一把。要想盘得有味道,你大可不必一板一眼,妖孽自有妖孽的 DIY 法则。今天我们推荐的两款造型,省了正派的端庄雅致,却添了几分慵懒魅惑。或许只是挑出几缕发丝垂下,便流转出别样的妩媚,顺带连玉颈香肩也衬得楚楚动人。
New insights into ambient and focal visual fixations using an automatic classification algorithm (2011)

Overt visual attention is the act of directing the eyes toward a given area. These eye movements are characterised by saccades and fixations. A debate currently surrounds the role of visual fixations. Do they all have the same role in the free viewing of natural scenes? Recent studies suggest that at least two types of visual fixations exist: focal and ambient. The former is believed to be used to inspect local areas accurately, whereas the latter is used to obtain the context of the scene. We investigated the use of an automated system to cluster visual fixations in two groups using four types of natural scene images. We found new evidence to support a focal-ambient dichotomy. Our data indicate that the determining factor is the saccade amplitude. The dependence on the low-level visual features and the time course of these two kinds of visual fixations were examined. Our results demonstrate that there is an interplay between both fixation populations and that focal fixations are more dependent on low-level visual features than are ambient fixations.
The hippocampus and “general” mnemonic function (1979)

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Neural Unification for Logic Reasoning over Natural Language (2021)

Automated Theorem Proving (ATP) deals with the development of computer programs being able to show that some conjectures (queries) are a logical consequence of a set of axioms (facts and rules). There exists several successful ATPs where conjectures and axioms are formally provided (e.g. formalised as First Order Logic formulas). Recent approaches, such as (Clark et al., 2020), have proposed transformer-based architectures for deriving conjectures given axioms expressed in natural language (English). The conjecture is verified through a binary text classifier, where the transformers model is trained to predict the truth value of a conjecture given the axioms. The RuleTaker approach of (Clark et al., 2020) achieves appealing results both in terms of accuracy and in the ability to generalize, showing that when the model is trained with deep enough queries (at least 3 inference steps), the transformers are able to correctly answer the majority of queries (97.6%) that require up to 5 inference steps. In this work we propose a new architecture, namely the Neural Unifier, and a relative training procedure, which achieves state-of-the-art results in term of generalisation, showing that mimicking a well-known inference procedure, the backward chaining, it is possible to answer deep queries even when the model is trained only on shallow ones. The approach is demonstrated in experiments using a diverse set of benchmark data.
How to stay fit without wearing out fast (2012)

Abstract Professor Cobb addresses some of the common issues that affect our quality of life as we get older and our joints deteriorate. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons
Cerebrovascular events in 20 years of follow‐up after liver transplantation: an underestimated issue? (2016)

LT recipients seem to have a considerably increased risk of CBVE. Long-term surveillance should take this into account, and screening may be extended accordingly. The progressive impairment of renal function in the long-term LT survivors may be one reason for the underestimation of CBVE in this patient group.
Efficient Game-Theoretic Planning With Prediction Heuristic for Socially-Compliant Autonomous Driving (2022)

Planning under social interactions with other agents is an essential problem for autonomous driving. As the actions of the autonomous vehicle in the interactions affect and are also affected by other agents, autonomous vehicles need to efficiently infer the reaction of the other agents. Most existing approaches formulate the problem as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem solved by optimization-based methods. However, they demand too much computational resource and easily fall into the local minimum due to the non-convexity. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) successfully tackles such issues in game-theoretic problems. However, as the interaction game tree grows exponentially, the general MCTS still requires a huge amount of iterations to reach the optima. In this letter, we introduce an efficient game-theoretic trajectory planning algorithm based on general MCTS by incorporating a prediction algorithm as a heuristic. On top of it, a social-compliant reward and a Bayesian inference algorithm are designed to generate diverse driving behaviors and identify the other driver's driving preference. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework with datasets containing naturalistic driving behavior in highly interactive scenarios.
Special Section Guest Editorial: Optical Diagnostic and Biophotonic Methods from Bench to Bedside (2016)

The <i>Journal of Biomedical Optics</i> (JBO) is a Gold Open Access journal that publishes peer-reviewed papers on the use of novel optical systems and techniques for improved health care and biomedical research.
Indication of Sr Isotopes on Weathering Process of Carbonate Rocks in Karst Area of Southwest China (2022)

Based on the determination of the major and trace element content, and the Sr isotope composition of soils from limestone and dolomite profiles in the karst area of Southwest (SW) China, this study discussed the distribution and migration characteristics of the elements and the influencing factors of Sr isotope fractionation, in order to better understand the chemical weathering and pedogenesis process, as well as to explore the material source of laterite. The chemical weathering analysis results (Chemical Index of Alteration, mass balance coefficient, and A-CN-K ternary) indicate that the weathering intensity of dolomite profile PB is higher than that of limestone profiles CZ and CY. The correlation analysis between Sr isotopes and P2O5 suggests that in addition to illite, apatite in the dolomite profile also affects the 87Sr/86Sr composition. Sr content and 87Sr/86Sr demonstrate two stages in the weathering process of the carbonate, carbonate dissolution stage, and residual silicate weathering stage. As the carbonate minerals dissolve at the beginning of weathering, the Sr content decreases and 87Sr/86Sr increases slightly. After the decomposition of carbonate, the Sr content remains unchanged and 87Sr/86Sr increases. Finally, the study suggests that the material source of laterite is more likely to be underlying bedrock rather than the aeolian source.
MicroRNA Signatures and Molecular Subtypes of Glioblastoma: The Role of Extracellular Transfer (2017)

Despite the importance of molecular subtype classification of glioblastoma (GBM), the extent of extracellular vesicle (EV)-driven molecular and phenotypic reprogramming remains poorly understood. To reveal complex subpopulation dynamics within the heterogeneous intratumoral ecosystem, we characterized microRNA expression and secretion in phenotypically diverse subpopulations of patient-derived GBM stem-like cells (GSCs). As EVs and microRNAs convey information that rearranges the molecular landscape in a cell type-specific manner, we argue that intratumoral exchange of microRNA augments the heterogeneity of GSC that is reflected in highly heterogeneous profile of microRNA expression in GBM subtypes.