gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface roughness of anodized titanium coatings. (2010)

Abstract not provided.
Acute and chronic nephrotoxicity of platinum nanoparticles in mice (2013)

Platinum nanoparticles are being utilized in various industrial applications, including in catalysis, cosmetics, and dietary supplements. Although reducing the size of the nanoparticles improves the physicochemical properties and provides useful performance characteristics, the safety of the material remains a major concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the biological effects of platinum particles less than 1 nm in size (snPt1). In mice administered with a single intravenous dose of snPt1, histological analysis revealed necrosis of tubular epithelial cells and urinary casts in the kidney, without obvious toxic effects in the lung, spleen, and heart. These mice exhibited dose-dependent elevation of blood urea nitrogen, an indicator of kidney damage. Direct application of snPt1 to in vitro cultures of renal cells induced significant cytotoxicity. In mice administered for 4 weeks with twice-weekly intraperitoneal snPt1, histological analysis of the kidney revealed urinary casts, tubular atrophy, and inflammatory cell accumulation. Notably, these toxic effects were not observed in mice injected with 8-nm platinum particles, either by single- or multiple-dose administration. Our findings suggest that exposure to platinum particles of less than 1 nm in size may induce nephrotoxicity and disrupt some kidney functions. However, this toxicity may be reduced by increasing the nanoparticle size.
Long-Distance Propagation of Stereochemical Information by Stereoselective Synthesis of Copper(I) Bipyridine Helicates (2001)

Several chiral ligands have been obtained by linking two achiral chains containing up to three bipyridine units to various dissymmetric templates. Addition of copper(I) and silver(I) ions resulted in the highly stereoselective formation of bis(helicates), the absolute configuration of which was dictated by that of the templates, with (P) or (M) helicates being formed from (R) or (S) templates, respectively. In the cases of ligands containing three bipyridine units, the stereochemical information was transferred from the templates to the helicates over a distance of about 20 Å.
Greedy Stone Tower Creations with a Robotic Arm (2018)

Predominately, robotic construction is applied as prefabrication in structured indoor environments with standard building materials. Our work, on the other hand, focuses on utilizing irregular materials found on-site, such as rubble and rocks, for autonomous construction. We present a pipeline to detect arbitrarily placed objects in a scene and form a structure out of the detected objects. The next best stacking pose is selected using a searching method employing gradient descent with random initial orientations, exploiting a physics engine. This approach is validated in an experimental setup using a robotic manipulator by constructing balancing vertical stacks without mortars and adhesives. We show the results of eleven consecutive trials to form such towers autonomously using four arbitrarily in front of the robot placed rocks.
Supplementary Figure Legend from A Phase I Dose–Escalation Study of Regorafenib (BAY 73–4506), an Inhibitor of Oncogenic, Angiogenic, and Stromal Kinases, in Patients with Advanced Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 41KB.&lt;/p&gt;
Compact bandpass filter using novel transformer‐based coupled resonators on integrated passive device glass substrate (2011)

Abstract This article presents a transformer‐based coupled‐resonator structure to design a bandpass filter (BPF) using integrated passive device technology on glass substrate. The use of the transformer not only greatly reduces the size of the bandpass filter but also easily uses the coupling to control the bandwidth of the filter. Using such a transformer‐based coupled BPF structure not only provides the advantage of compact size but also creates extra transmission zeros to enhance roll‐off rate or desired stopband rejection. Measured results verify the validity of this design methodology and show good agreement with simulated ones. For demonstration purpose, two example filters are implemented with different bandwidths. Both good performance and miniaturization are achieved for the proposed filters, and the expected transmission zeros are also observed. The filter can be embedded to wafer‐level 3D packaging and integration for wireless system‐in‐package applications. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 54:3–7, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26511
Techniques for functional test pattern execution (2002)

Functional debugging of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) has been recognized as a very labor-intensive and expensive process. We propose a new approach based on the divide and conquer optimization paradigm for the functional test pattern execution. The goal is to maximize the simultaneous controllability of an arbitrary set of the user selected variables in the design at the debugging time for facilitating the functional test pattern execution while minimizing the hardware overhead. The approach imposes minimal restriction on register sharing so that the synthesized designs will have the desired characteristic while minimizing the additional hardware overhead and minimizing the disruption of the optimization potential when scheduling, allocation and binding tasks in high-level synthesis are performed. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is demonstrated on a number of designs.
Active T-Cell Receptor Genes Have Intron Deoxyribonuclease Hypersensitive Sites (1985)

The T-cell receptor beta-chain gene has a nuclease hypersensitive site in several kinds of T cells, which does not appear in B cells expressing immunoglobulins. Conversely, the kappa immunoglobulin gene shows a known hypersensitive site at its enhancer element in B cells, as expected, but this site is absent in T cells. As is the case with immunoglobulin genes, the T-cell receptor site lies within the gene, in the intron separating joining and constant region segments. These nuclease hypersensitive DNA configurations in the introns of active T-cell receptor and immunoglobulin genes may arise from control elements that share ancestry but have diverged to the extent that each normally acts only in lymphoid cells which use the proximal gene product.
Thermal challenges in next generation electronic systems - summary of panel presentations and discussions (2002)

The presentations made, as well as the discussions, in the panels at the workshop, Thermal Challenges in Next Generation Electronic Systems (THERMES), are summarized in this paper. The panels dealt with diverse topics including thermal management roadmaps, microscale cooling systems, numerical modeling from the component to system levels, hardware for future high performance and Internet computing architectures, and transport issues in the manufacturing of electronic packages. The focus of the panels was to identify barriers to further progress in each area that require the attention of the research community.
Robust Feedfoward Control System considering Sudden Disturbance for Optical Disk Recording System (2004)

This paper proposes a new robust feedforward tracking servo system for optical disk recording system with considering a sudden disturbance for optical disk recording system. In optical recording systems, the tracking servo system must suppress tracking error below its tolerance. This paper designs the robust feedback control system by using the coprime factorization and disturbance observer. The proposed robust feedback control system suppresses the sudden disturbance caused by walking and running. The detecting signal of optical disk recording system is only a tracking error. Hence, the feedforward controller of the proposed tracking control system is constructed based on both “Zero Phase Error Tracking" (ZPET) control theory and prediction of tracking error. The experimental results point out that the proposed tracking servo system has a quick and precise tracking response and keeps the residual tracking error below its tolerance.
RESTORE: A single-arm, open-label phase II trial of bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) in men with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)—A comparison of post-abiraterone (Abi) versus post-enzalutamide (Enza) patients (Pts). (2020)

5576 Background: A paradoxical inhibition of cell growth has been observed in both androgen-sensitive and castration resistant prostate cancer cell lines following the addition of high-dose testosterone.We have conducted several clinical trials investigating a mode of supraphysiologic testosterone therapy termed, BAT, in which testosterone levels are rapidly driven to the supraphysiologic range followed by a return to near-castrate levels over 28-day treatment cycles with favorable results. We previously reported the efficacy of BAT in mCRPC pts that were progressing on enza. In this study, we compared the effect of BAT in mCRPC pts whose last therapy was abi vs. enza. In addition, we examined the benefit of abi or enza rechallenge after progression on BAT. Methods: 59 mCRPC pts (n = 29 post abi; n = 30 post enza) were enrolled and received at lease one dose of BAT monotherapy, 400mg intramuscularly every 28 days. After clinical or radiographic progression on BAT, pts were rechallenged with the AR targeted therapy to which they were most recently resistant. The co-primary endpoints were a 50% decline in PSA from baseline (PSA50) for BAT and for enza/abi rechallenge. Results: 5/29 (17.2%) of post-abi pts compared to 9/30 (30%) in the post enza group achieved a PSA50 response (P = 0.36). Post BAT rechallenge with abi (n = 19) or enza (n = 22) resulted in a PSA50 response rate of 15.8% (n = 3) and 68.2% (n = 15), respectively (P = 0.001). The total duration of benefit (i.e. PFS on BAT + PFS on rechallenge = “PFS2”) was significantly longer in the post enza vs. post-abi patients (Median PFS2: 12.75 vs. 8.125 months; P = 0.04. Lastly, AR-V7 negative (n = 42) pts has a significantly longer median PFS2 compared to AR-V7 positive (n = 10) pts. (10.3 vs. 7.1 months, P = 0.005). Conclusions: Our data suggest that BAT may be more effective at resensitizing mCRPC to direct AR antagonists (i.e. enza) compared to abi. Detection of AR-V7 portended a worse outcome on BAT/rechallenge. Further clinical study is warranted. Clinical trial information: NCT02090114 . [Table: see text]
Incorporating a guanidine-modified cytosine base into triplex-forming PNAs for the recognition of a C-G pyrimidine–purine inversion site of an RNA duplex (2016)

RNA duplex regions are often involved in tertiary interactions and protein binding and thus there is great potential in developing ligands that sequence-specifically bind to RNA duplexes. We have developed a convenient synthesis method for a modified peptide nucleic acid (PNA) monomer with a guanidine-modified 5-methyl cytosine base. We demonstrated by gel electrophoresis, fluorescence and thermal melting experiments that short PNAs incorporating the modified residue show high binding affinity and sequence specificity in the recognition of an RNA duplex containing an internal inverted Watson-Crick C-G base pair. Remarkably, the relatively short PNAs show no appreciable binding to DNA duplexes or single-stranded RNAs. The attached guanidine group stabilizes the base triple through hydrogen bonding with the G base in a C-G pair. Selective binding towards an RNA duplex over a single-stranded RNA can be rationalized by the fact that alkylation of the amine of a 5-methyl C base blocks the Watson-Crick edge. PNAs incorporating multiple guanidine-modified cytosine residues are able to enter HeLa cells without any transfection agent.
Transient and cell‐specific expression of tissue‐type plasminogen activator and plasminogen‐activator‐inhibitor type 1 results in controlled and directed proteolysis during gonadotropin‐induced ovulation (1993)

Proteolytic activity generated by the plasminogen-activator system (PA system) is associated with many biological processes. However, it is not known how the proteolytic activity is regulated in vivo in order to obtain directed proteolysis while, at the same time, protecting unrestrained tissue destruction. Using gonadotropin-induced ovulation as a model, we have studied how two components of the PA system, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen-activator-inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), are regulated temporally and spatially by gonadotropins, leading to the initiation and termination of a well-directed proteolytic process. In-situ hybridization and in-situ zymography were used to analyze the expression of tPA and PAI-1 mRNA and PA-activity in specific ovarian cell types. Both tPA and PAI-1 were found to be regulated and to have a distinct expression pattern in different ovarian compartments. tPA was expressed in both granulosa and thecal-interstitial cells; the highest levels of tPA mRNA were found in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles, just prior to ovulation. Consistent with a role for luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin (LH/CG) in triggering ovulation, the cells and follicles that actively expressed tPA also contained high levels of LH-receptor mRNA while cumulus cells that contain undetectable amounts of tPA mRNA were devoid of LH-receptor expression. The highest levels of PAI-1 mRNA were found about 6 h before ovulation and mainly in the thecal-interstitial cells and ovarian stroma tissue which encapsulate the follicle. Preovulatory follicles, protruding onto the surface of the ovary with less surrounding stroma tissue, expressed less PAI-1 compared to small non-ovulatory follicles embedded in inner part of the ovary. In-situ zymography also revealed that the PA activity was colocalized to the surface of the ovary just prior to ovulation. Our studies suggest that a proteolytic activity provided by tPA and modulated by PAI-1 is responsible for a controlled and directed proteolysis leading to rupture of selected follicles during ovulation.
Deletions of the PRKAR1A Locus at 17q24.2-q24.3 in Carney Complex: Genotype-Phenotype Correlations and Implications for Genetic Testing (2013)

A significant number (21.6%) of patients with CNC that are negative in currently available testing may have PRKAR1A haploinsufficiency due to genomic defects that are not detected by Sanger sequencing. Array-based studies are necessary for diagnostic confirmation of these defects and should be done in patients with unusual and severe phenotypes who are PRKAR1A mutation-negative.
Mapping and characterization of the amplicon near APOA2 in 1q23 in human sarcomas by FISH and array CGH (2005)

ATF6 and DUSP12 seem to be the most likely candidate target genes for the 1q23 amplification in sarcomas. Both genes have possible roles in promoting cell growth, which makes them interesting candidate targets.
Renormalization-group study of Anderson localization (1979)

A renormalization-group method is used to study localization of electrons in a random system. A position-space method yields a localization edge in three dimensions. In two dimensions our results indicate localization even for small randomness in agreement with Abrahams, Anderson, Licciardello, and Ramakrishnan; however we cannot rule out the existence of a localization edge.
Room-temperature photoresponse of Schottky photodiodes based on GaNxAs1−x synthesized by ion implantation and pulsed-laser melting (2010)

The spectral responsivity for Schottky photodiodes based on the GaNxAs1−x alloys synthesized using nitrogen (N) ion implantation followed by pulsed-laser melting and rapid thermal annealing is presented. An N-induced redshift up to 250 meV (180 nm) in the photocurrent onset energy (wavelength) is observed. The N concentration dependence agrees with the values measured by photomodulated reflectance and ballistic electron emission microscopy, and with the calculation by the band anticrossing model for the splitting of the conduction band in GaNxAs1−x.
Profitability of Reserve Bank Foreign Exchange Operations: Twenty Years After the Float (2004)

Since the float of the Australian dollar in December 1983, the Reserve Bank of Australia (RBA) has retained the discretion to intervene in the foreign exchange markets in order to avoid what it perceives to be large overshooting in the currency. In this paper we invoke the ‘profit test’ first advocated by Friedman to assess whether the RBA’s foreign exchange operations have had a stabilising influence on the exchange rate. We do this over the entire post-float period, as well as for each of the three distinct cycles in the exchange rate during that period. The premise underlying the profit test is that if the central bank has made a profit from intervention in its currency, it must have ‘bought low and sold high’, which would work towards stabilising the exchange rate. Since the float, the RBA has made a profit of A$5.2 billion on its intervention operations, with profits made in each of the three cycles. The paper concludes that the profitability of intervention suggests that the RBA’s operations have had a stabilising influence on the exchange rate.
Nanoporous Gold Electrode for Electrochemical Sensors in Biological Environment (2011)

This work describes the use of nanoporous gold as an electrode material for biosensing applications. Nanoporous gold electrodes are fabricated, and their electrochemical performance is compared to plain gold electrodes of similar dimensions. For the detection of potassium ferricyanide, the nanoporous gold electrodes show improved sensitivity and higher currents compared to planar gold electrodes. Furthermore, the nanoporous electrodes show slower adsorption kinetics and maintain a significantly higher active electrochemical surface area in the presence of fragmented amyloid beta proteins.
Solution Combustion Synthesis and Characterization of Magnesium Copper Vanadates (2023)

Magnesium vanadate (MgV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>) and its alloys with copper vanadate were synthesized via the solution combustion technique. Phase purity and solid solution formation were confirmed by a variety of experimental techniques, supported by electronic structure simulations based on density functional theory (DFT). Powder X-ray diffraction combined with Rietveld refinement, laser Raman spectroscopy, diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy showed single-phase alloy formation despite the MgV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> and CuV<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub> end members exhibiting monoclinic and triclinic crystal systems, respectively. DFT-calculated optical band gaps showed close agreement in the computed optical bandgaps with experimentally derived values. Surface photovoltage spectroscopy, ambient-pressure photoemission spectroscopy, and Kelvin probe contact potential difference (work function) measurements confirmed a systematic variation in the optical bandgap modification and band alignment as a function of stoichiometry in the alloy composition. These data indicated n-type semiconductor behavior for all the samples which was confirmed by photoelectrochemical measurements.
Chloroplast and Cytoplasmic Enzymes (1979)

Pea leaf chloroplast aldolase contains seven more aspartyl (asx) residues and four fewer leucine and isoleucine residues than the cytoplasmic enzyme. The two forms are therefore primary isoenzymes, differing in amino acid sequence.
An alternate method for placement of C-1 screws (2010)

The technique is a safe and effective way to fixate C-1 while avoiding the C-2 nerve/ganglion and venous plexus. The results indicate that excellent clinical and radiographic outcomes can be achieved with this new technique.
P3‐282: Investigation of low molecular weight D‐enantiomeric peptides for diagnosis and therapy of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 20 million people world- wide. Recently there is no cure, only palliative therapies are available and the diagnostic opportunities are limited. Actually we are characterising our peptides on their binding properties to Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42 and different Aβ species (monomers, oligomers, protofibrils, fibrils and plaques) in more detail using dynamic light scattering, size exclusion chromatography, PepSpot analysis, density gradient centrifugation, surface plasmon resonance, fluorescence and electron microscopy. Using mirror image phage display, we identified two Aβ binding D-enantiomeric peptides with submicromolar binding affinity [1,2,3]. D-enantiomeric peptides are known to be less immunogenic and much more resistant to proteolysis in comparison to their respective L-enantiomers. Fluorescence labelled derivatives of the peptide D1 stain specifically Aβ plaques and leptomeningeal vessels containing Aβ from human Alzheimer brains - other amyloidoses were not stained [4]. Peptide D3 shows interesting therapeutic properties [5]. The peptide exerts strong influence on Aβ aggregation, disaggregation and cytotoxicity in vitro. In vivo, it reduces amyloid plaque load and cerebral damage of transgenic mouse models. D3 treated mice show enhanced cognitive performance in comparison to non treated controls.
Conversion of Intensity-Averaged Photon Correlation Spectroscopy Measurements to Number-Averaged Particle Size Distributions. 1. Theoretical Development (1999)

Formulas for converting the intensity-averaged particle diameter and polydispersity obtained from quadratic cumulants (QC) analysis of photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS) data to the number-weighted mean and variance of assumed particle size distribution (PSD) forms are derived. The approach of Thomas16 for log−normal PSDs is used to derive expressions for normal and Schultz−Zimm particle size distributions (PSDs) assuming Rayleigh scattering. Additionally, expressions for the opposite conversion (from the mean and variance of a number-weighted PSD to an intensity-averaged diameter and polydispersity) are derived for normal PSDs using the Guinier approximation of the Rayleigh−Debye−Gans (RDG) form factor for spheres. Heuristics are developed for correcting the PCS-QC-measured polydispersity Q (known to be strongly affected by experimental and data analysis error) to facilitate the application of the conversion formulas. The conversion formulas and corrective heuristics are then used to re-examine previously published comparisons of PCS and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) average particle size measurements. Additionally, the PSDs generated from PCS-QC results using the conversion formulas are compared with the TEM-measured PSD for a Stöber silica suspension. These comparisons show that, despite the assumption of Rayleigh scattering, the intensity to number-weighting conversion formulas applied using the Q corrective heuristics produce reasonably accurate results outside the limits of Rayleigh scattering theory.
Accumulation-mode and inversion-mode triple-gate MOSFETs (2008)

This work analyzes the performance of very narrow triple-gate SOI MOSFETs on the basis of experimental and 3D simulation data. Short channel effects (SCEs) are quite reduced in those devices due to the good electrostatic control by the surrounding gate and the high Lg/Wfin ratio. The experimental data indicate that SCEs of accumulation-mode (AM) triple gate devices are comparable to those observed in inversion-mode (IM) devices down to a gate length of 50 nm. This makes AM triple gate (or more generally, multi-gate) MOSFETs interesting devices for digital applications.
The burden of overtreatment: comparison of toxicity between single and combined modality radiation therapy among low risk prostate cancer patients. (2015)

The use of combined modality radiation therapy in low risk prostate cancer patients is discordant with clinical guidelines and associated with a significantly increased burden of associated toxicity when compared to EBRT monotherapy. Prudent patient selection and judicious use of combined therapy among men with low risk prostate cancer represents a targetable area to reduce the burden of overtreatment.