gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Aflatoxin Using Post-Column Photochemical Derivatization: Collaborative Study (2006)

Aflatoxin analysis, with post-column derivatization using a photochemical reactor for enhanced detection (PHRED) system for derivatization, has been compared to the officially recognized iodine and Kobra cell derivatization systems. This photochemical system has been extensively used for screening peanuts by some U.S. Department of Agriculture laboratories for many years. From their periodic method checks, using standard spiked samples, an 80 sample series with each of the 3 derivatization methods was statistically analyzed. Paired comparisons, using the same sample extract, were also made between the PHRED and one of the other 2 methods, among laboratories in 4 different countries, on a variety of naturally contaminated commodity products. The differences between the techniques were not significant for peanuts, but for corn the photochemical system consistently gave slightly higher values for aflatoxins B1 and B2 than the Kobra cell method. However, a comparison of all sample results showed no significant differences between methods. The Pearson correlation coefficients for aflatoxin B1 in 102 test samples and aflatoxin B2 in 94 test samples were 0.9994 and 0.9874, respectively. The probability factor was P < 0.0001, and the t-tests were not significantly different except for the corn. These indicated that the PHRED system is equivalent to the iodine and Kobra cell methods for peanuts relative to the current official procedures, but the PHRED system has a slightly high bias for corn compared to the iodine and Kobra cell systems.
Seroepidemiology of Infection with Hepatitis A and B Viruses in an Isolated Pacific Population (1979)

To determine the prevalence of infection with hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus in an isolated population, samples of serum were collected from 574 healthy subjects living on the remote Pacific Island of Funafuti. Each specimen was tested for antibody to hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, and antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen by solid-phase radioimmunoassay. Overall, 79.8% of the population showed evidence of previous infection with hepatitis A virus, and 72.5% with hepatitis B virus; the high prevalence of antibody to both viruses in young adults suggested that the majority of infections were acquired in the first decade of life. Although it is known that hepatitis B virus maintains itself in isolated populations through a reservoir of chronic carriers, the reason for the persistently high rate of infection with hepatitis A virus is unknown.
Local autoantibodies in Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) with Nasal Polyps. (48.8) (2010)

Abstract Abstract Introduction: Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is an inflammatory condition of the nasal passage and paranasal sinuses. It is characterized by a Th2 biased inflammatory infiltrate not currently attributed to autoimmunity. Recent studies from our laboratory demonstrate elevated levels of BAFF, B-lymphocytes, and IgA. The role of these B-cells and the specificities of the immunoglobulins produced are still unknown. Methods: Protein extracts from nasal polyps of 11 patients were compared to nasal tissue obtained from 10 normal controls using autoantibody microarrays. A positive microarray result for anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA) was confirmed using 15 nasal polyp samples and 10 normal control samples on commercially available ELISAs for Total IgG, and anti-dsDNA IgG. Results: Total IgG levels were higher in nasal polyps relative to normal controls (35μg/mg Total Protein versus 17μg/mg Total Protein, p=0.02). Additionally, Anti-dsDNA IgG levels were higher in nasal polyps relative to normal controls on both the antibody microarray (188nfi/mg Total Protein versus 61nfi/mg Total Protein p&amp;lt;0.01) and ELISA (371U/mg Total Protein versus 66U/mg Total Protein p=0.03). Conclusions: Anti-dsDNA is present at higher levels in nasal polyp tissue than normal controls- suggesting that a local autoimmune reaction is present in nasal polyp tissue. Further studies are needed to test the role of this autoimmune response in the pathogenesis of CRS.
ANALYSIS OF SIGN ATTACHMENTS TO BREAKAWAY LUMINAIRE SUPPORTS (2002)

Combining breakaway signs and luminaire supports has proven to be a cost-effective approach to improving roadside safety. In order to reduce the number of roadside obstacles, small roadside signs can be attached to luminaire supports. The large mass associated with the luminaire supports and the high forces required to activate large breakaway devices are the primary considerations associated with the system's safety performance. Consequently, luminaire supports are subjected to high decelerations when struck by errant vehicles. The rapid acceleration of the luminaire support could cause the sign panel to become detached and pose a potential hazard to vehicle occupants. A study was undertaken to determine the connection strength required to assure that sign panels remain attached to luminaire supports subjected to high-speed impacts. Most small signs are fabricated from aluminum sheeting and are limited to a maximum size of approximately 16 sq ft due to the bending strength of the panel. Since sign panel mass increases with sign area, the large signs will generate high connection loads. Furthermore, luminaire support accelerations are inversely related to size of the support. Several combinations of vehicle and support geometries and properties were investigated to assess a critical design case. Maximum connection loads were found to be associated with 4 ft x 4 ft sign panels mounted on short, 17 ft tall, luminaire supports. Recommendations are made concerning the connection devices used to keep the sign panels attached. Recommendations also are made on attaching sign panels to very tall luminaire supports.
Status of the biopesticide market and prospects for new bioherbicides (2023)

Biopesticides (commonly called Biocontrol or more recently bioprotection) have been experiencing double digit growth and now comprise about 10% of the global pesticide market driven by increased return on investment, restrictions on chemical pesticides, and pesticide resistance and residue management. However, despite the large need for new herbicides due to widespread and increasing resistance to herbicides with almost most of the chemical modes of action, bioherbicides are an insignificant percentage of the total. The technical difficulty in finding bioherbicides that can compete with the spectrum and price of chemical herbicides has left agriculture with a paucity of new bioherbicides. Billions of dollars of investment capital are being invested in new, innovative startups, but only a small number focus on bioherbicide discovery and development, due to a perception of higher risk than plant biotech, biostimulants, bionutrients and other categories of biopesticides. However, the exciting new technologies that these startups are developing such as RNAi, sterile pollen, and systemic metabolites have potential to impact the market in 10 years or less. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Future Fuels (2016)

Renewable energy is a basic ingredient for overall sustainable development. Renewable fuel sources have the potential to provide energy supplies for an indefinite period of time. First generation biofuels have good fuel properties and their production processes are commercially well developed and successfully implemented in automotive vehicles in many countries. Second generation biofuels are made from nonedible and lignocellulosic materials. Ethanol is a high octane fuel. It can be blended with gasoline to improve the octane number and also improve the fuel properties of gasoline. Gasification is the process of converting biomass into a gaseous fuel by means of partial oxidation at high temperature. Entrained flow is the most aggressive form of gasification, with pulverized coal and oxidized gas flowing cocurrently. Dimethyl ether is a diesel engine fuel with a high cetane number and has an interesting emission potential.
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Diels‐Alder Reactions of 1‐Vinyl‐2,2,6‐ trimethylcyclohexene Catalyzed by Chiral Lewis Acids: An Enantioselective Route to a Drimane Sesquiterpene Precursor. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Back End Of Line opportunities and reliability challenges for future technology nodes (2021)

In this paper, we describe both evolutionary and disruptive Back End Of Line innovations needed to enable scaling and performance improvements, and their reliability impact.
Transverse lightwave circuits in MOFs: Waveguides and resonator arrays (2006)

Microstructured optical fiber couplers are proposed that operate by resonant rather than proximity energy transfer via transverse waveguides and resonator arrays in a fiber cross-section, allowing significant inter-fiber separations, eliminating inter-core crosstalk by proximity coupling.
Data from Preclinical Efficacy of the Auristatin-Based Antibody–Drug Conjugate BAY 1187982 for the Treatment of FGFR2-Positive Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR2 is overexpressed in a variety of solid tumors, including breast, gastric, and ovarian tumors, where it offers a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we present evidence of the preclinical efficacy of BAY 1187982, a novel antibody–drug conjugate (ADC). It consists of a fully human FGFR2 monoclonal antibody (mAb BAY 1179470), which binds to the FGFR2 isoforms FGFR2-IIIb and FGFR2-IIIc, conjugated through a noncleavable linker to a novel derivative of the microtubule-disrupting cytotoxic drug auristatin (FGFR2-ADC). In FGFR2-expressing cancer cell lines, this FGFR2-ADC exhibited potency in the low nanomolar to subnanomolar range and was more than 100-fold selective against FGFR2-negative cell lines. High expression levels of FGFR2 in cells correlated with efficient internalization, efficacy, and cytotoxic effects &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt;. Pharmacokinetic analyses in mice bearing FGFR2-positive NCI-H716 tumors indicated that the toxophore metabolite of FGFR2-ADC was enriched more than 30-fold in tumors compared with healthy tissues. Efficacy studies demonstrated that FGFR2-ADC treatment leads to a significant tumor growth inhibition or tumor regression of cell line–based or patient-derived xenograft models of human gastric or breast cancer. Furthermore, &lt;i&gt;FGFR2&lt;/i&gt; amplification or mRNA overexpression predicted high efficacy in both of these types of &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; model systems. Taken together, our results strongly support the clinical evaluation of BAY 1187982 in cancer patients and a phase I study (NCT02368951) has been initiated. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 76(21); 6331–9. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Diagnosis and Management of Tuberculosis in Transplant Donors: A Donor-Derived Infections Consensus Conference Report (2012)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a ubiquitous organism that infects one-third of the world's population. In previous decades, access to organ transplantation was restricted to academic medical centers in more developed, low tuberculosis (TB) incidence countries. Globalization, changing immigration patterns, and the expansion of sophisticated medical procedures to medium and high TB incidence countries have made tuberculosis an increasingly important posttransplant infectious disease. Tuberculosis is now one of the most common bacterial causes of solid-organ transplant donor-derived infection reported in transplant recipients in the United States. Recognition of latent or undiagnosed active TB in the potential organ donor is critical to prevent emergence of disease in the recipient posttransplant. Donor-derived tuberculosis after transplantation is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, which can best be prevented through careful screening and targeted treatment. To address this growing challenge and provide recommendations, an expert international working group was assembled including specialists in transplant infectious diseases, transplant surgery, organ procurement and TB epidemiology, diagnostics and management. This working group reviewed the currently available data to formulate consensus recommendations for screening and management of TB in organ donors.
T-Cell-Line-Tropic Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 That Is Made Resistant to Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1α Contains Mutations in the Envelope gp120 but Does Not Show a Switch in Coreceptor Use (1998)

The NL4.3 T-cell-line-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 strain is sensitive to the CXC chemokine stromal cell-derived factor 1alpha (SDF-1alpha), the natural ligand for CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4); the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) in MT-4 cells is 130 ng/ml. We generated resistant virus through passaging of the virus in the presence of increasing concentrations of SDF-1alpha. After 24 passages, the virus was no longer sensitive to SDF-1alpha (SDF-1alpha(res) virus) (IC50, >2 microg/ml) and became resistant to SDF-1beta (IC50, >2 microg/ml) and to a specific CXCR4 monoclonal antibody (IC50, >20 microg/ml). The SDF-1alpha(res) virus was about 10-fold less sensitive than the wild-type virus to the bicyclam AMD3100, a specific CXCR4 antagonist. The SDF-1alpha(res) virus contained the following mutations in the gp120 molecule: N106K in the V1 loop; S134N and F145L in the V2 loop; F245I in the C2 loop; K269E, Q278H, I288V, and N293D in the V3 loop; a deletion of 5 amino acids (FNSTW) at positions 364 to 368 in the V4 loop; and R378T in the CD4 binding domain. Replication of the NL4.3 wild-type virus and the SDF-1alpha(res) virus was demonstrated in U87 cells that coexpressed CD4 and CXCR4 (U87.CD4.CXCR4) but not in U87.CD4.CCR5 cells. Thus, the resistant virus was not able to switch to the CC chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) coreceptor (the main coreceptor for macrophage-tropic viruses). The SDF-1alpha(res) virus replicated in HOS.CD4 cells expressing CCR1, CCR2b, CCR3, CCR4, CCR5, and CXCR4 but also in HOS.CD4.pBABE cells. However, all HOS transfectant cells expressed a low level of CXCR4. Neither of the two virus strains was able to infect HOS.CXCR4 or HOS.CCR5 transfectants, demonstrating the necessity of the CD4 receptor. The T-cell-line-tropic SDF-1alpha(res) virus was thus able to overcome the inhibitory effect of SDF-1alpha through mutations in gp120 but still needed CXCR4 to enter the cells.
Improved practical variable step-size algorithm for adaptive feedback control in hearing aids (2016)

Variable step-size (VSS) schemes are popular to use in acoustic echo cancellation (AEC) contexts. However, their effective implementation in adaptive feedback cancellation (AFC) for hearing aids is still challenging due to the correlation between microphone and loudspeaker signals. We propose an improved practical VSS algorithm (IPVSS) which uses a variable step-size with upper and lower limits to control the update equation of an adaptive filter. The proposed algorithm is implemented for feedback cancellation using the prediction error method. As a result, the overall system has a fast convergence rate, a high tracking rate and a low steady-state error. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated for both speech and music incoming signals. The simulation results show that the proposed approach outperforms a system which only utilizes either the lower or the upper fixed step-size used in the IPVSS.
X-ray diffraction study of effect of deposition conditions on α–β phase transition and stress evolution in sputter-deposited W coatings (2006)

Pure W and W–Cu–W trilayer coatings were deposited on an Fe substrate by d.c. magnetron sputtering. The α−β phase evolution, intragranular stress evolution in sputter-deposited W layer were investigated by x-ray diffraction. They are directly related to the film microstructure, density and adhesion. Therefore, control of the film stress and phase component transition is essential for its applications. The phase component transition from β-W to α-W and intragranular stress evolution from tensile to compressive strongly depend on the deposition parameters and can be induced by lowering Ar pressure and rising target power. The compressively stressed films with α-W phase have a dense microstructure and high adhesion to Fe substrate.
Software development governance and its concerns (2008)

In this paper, we start with a discussion of Software Development Governance (SDG), and clarify its relationships to management and process. We discuss how these organizational components are related and present our view on SDG and its concerns. Throughout the paper, we use the Linux open source development project where we show how SDG is used to achieve productive development in an environment which is often considered to have anarchic characteristics.
A 0.002‐mm 2 8‐bit 1‐MS/s low‐power time‐based DAC (T‐DAC) (2021)

Abstract Digital‐to‐analogue converters (DACs) are essential blocks for interfacing the digital environment with the real world. A novel architecture, using a digital‐to‐time converter (DTC) and a time‐to‐voltage converter (TVC), is employed to form a low‐power time‐based DAC (T‐DAC) that fits low‐power low‐speed applications. This novel conversion mixes the digital input code into a digital pulse width modulated (D‐PWM) signal through the DTC circuit, then converts this D‐PWM signal into an analogue voltage through the TVC circuit. This new T‐DAC is not only an energy‐efficient design but also an area‐efficient implementation. Power optimization is achieved by controlling the supply voltage of the TVC circuit with a discontinuous waveform using a low bias current. Moreover, the implementation area is optimized by proposing a new DAC architecture with a coarse‐fine DTC circuit. Post‐layout simulations of the proposed T‐DAC is conducted using industrial hardware‐calibrated 0.13 μm. Complementary metal oxide semiconductor technology with a 1 V supply voltage, 1 MS/s conversion rate, and 0.9 μW power dissipation.
Energy band alignment of atomic layer deposited HfO2 oxide film on epitaxial (100)Ge, (110)Ge, and (111)Ge layers (2013)

Crystallographically oriented epitaxial Ge layers were grown on (100), (110), and (111)A GaAs substrates by in situ growth process using two separate molecular beam epitaxy chambers. The band alignment properties of atomic layer hafnium oxide (HfO2) film deposited on crystallographically oriented epitaxial Ge were investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Valence band offset, ΔEv values of HfO2 relative to (100)Ge, (110)Ge, and (111)Ge orientations were 2.8 eV, 2.28 eV, and 2.5 eV, respectively. Using XPS data, variation in valence band offset, ΔEV(100)Ge&amp;gt;ΔEV(111)Ge&amp;gt;ΔEV(110)Ge, was obtained related to Ge orientation. Also, the conduction band offset, ΔEc relation, ΔEc(110)Ge&amp;gt;ΔEc(111)Ge&amp;gt;ΔEc(100)Ge related to Ge orientations was obtained using the measured bandgap of HfO2 on each orientation and with the Ge bandgap of 0.67 eV. These band offset parameters for carrier confinement would offer an important guidance to design Ge-based p- and n-channel metal-oxide field-effect transistor for low-power application.
Reactions of Phosphine-Monoiodoboranes with 4,4'-Di-tert-butylbiphenylide and Electrophiles. Trial of Generation of Tricoordinate Boron Anions and Synthesis of B-Functionalized Phosphine-Boranes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Phosphine-Monoiodoboranes with 4,4'-Di-tert-butylbiphenylide and Electrophiles. Trial of Generation of Tricoordinate Boron Anions and Synthesis of B-Functionalized Phosphine-BoranesTsuneo Imamoto and Takaaki HikosakaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 22, 6753–6759Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00101a040https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00101a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views894Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multifunctional materials for OFETs, LEFETs and NIR PLEDs (2014)

Phthalimide–thiophene copolymers are multi-functional materials that possess reasonably high PLQEs, ambipolar mobilities, and perform extremely well as a host material for single layer NIR emitting PLEDs.
Stereospecific Formal Total Synthesis of Ecteinascidin 743 (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Dual effects of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate on glucocorticoid-receptor complexes (1982)

The ability of pyridoxal 5'-phosphate to inhibit DNA-cellulose binding of activated glucocorticoid-receptor complexes is pH and protein concentration dependent. At the tested pHs, all of the inhibitory activity of pyridoxal 5'- phosphate appears to be due to its ability to form a Schiff base. 2-Amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-propanediol (100 mM) is unable to prevent or reverse the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate mediated inhibition of DNA-cellulose binding, while the same concentration of lysine is partially effective. Pyridoxal 5'-phosphate does not alter the elution profile of glucocorticoid-receptor complexes as ascertained by diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose of DEAE-Sephadex chromatography. This observation permitted the use of these resins in detecting the previously unreported stimulation of glucocorticoid-receptor complex activation by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. This stimulation is specific for pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and appears to be mediated via a Schiff base formation. Additionally, glucocorticoid-receptor complexes activated by pyridoxal 5'-phosphate treatment at low temperatures do not differ in size from thermally activated complexes. Thus, in vitro, pyridoxal 5'-phosphate can exert both a stimulatory effect on activation as well as an inhibitory effect on the binding of activated complexes to DNA-cellulose.
TCAM power reduction and optimization in Routers (2013)

This specification entails enabling power and performance management
in Routers (multi-chassis and single chassis) with respect to TCAM and
SRAM usage on intelligent router line cards that implement Virtual
Aggregation of routes. The version 00 of this document had several
errata that have been addressed in this version. This scheme relates
to unicast alone since multicast entries are programmed only after
consultation with the unicast entries in the software plane in the
Route processor. Hence this scheme does not apply to multicast.