gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal In Vivo Imaging of Atherosclerotic Disease Development in The apoE Deficient Zucker Rat (2020)

One obstacle hindering the development of therapies to treat diabetic vasculopathies, is access to an affordable and appropriate small animal model that recapitulates human pathology. There are currently no well‐established small animal models to study diabetes and atherosclerosis combined. Longitudinal in vivo imaging of inflammation in atherosclerosis is a promising tool to evaluate progression of cardiovascular complications. However, vascular size of current mouse models of atherosclerosis does not allow for detailed molecular imaging. Radiolabeled DANBIRT has been used as an in vivo molecular imaging tool on environmental exposure, aging, and atherosclerosis. Our group has modified the lipid metabolism in Lean Zucker (LZ: Lepr +/? ) rats to promote dyslipidemia and development of atherosclerosis by knocking out the apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene using CRISPR/Cas9. We hypothesize that apoE knockout, LZ rats (apoE −/− , Lepr +/? ) will develop atherosclerosis with dietary exposure to high fat, high cholesterol (HFHC) diet. [ 111 In]‐DANBIRT will be able to localize inflammation in vivo and allow longitudinal monitoring of vascular atherosclerotic disease using SPECT/CT imaging. Methods apoE −/− ;LZ adult rats were imaged for 1hr post injection of ~900 μCi of [ 111 In]‐DANBIRT for SPECT/CT imaging using a NanoSPECT/CT®. Rats were placed on either HFHC or standard rodent chow for 10 weeks starting at 12 weeks of age (baseline). apoE +/+ ;LZ under normal and HFHC diet were used as controls. Regions of Interests (ROI) are identified and determined for muscle (background tissue), carotid arteries, aortic arch, and descending aorta. Activity is decay corrected and compared between and among experimental groups. Serum chemistry and histologic analysis of en face aortas and aortic root were performed. Data is represented as mean ± SEM. Two‐way ANOVA with Tukey’s correction was performed. Results All apoE −/− rats developed severe hypercholesterolemia particularly under a HFHC diet. After 10 weeks of HFHC diet apoE −/− , LZ rats have higher [ 111 In]‐DANBIRT uptake in the descending aorta uniquely compared to baseline (p&lt;0.05) and to normal diet fed rats (ns). Histologic analysis showed apoE −/− , LZ have increased significant atherosclerosis on the aortas and the aortic sinus, which correlates to our imaging results. apoE +/+ , LZ rats did not develop atherosclerosis disease as expected. Conclusion To our knowledge, we have the first polygenic rat model able to develop atherosclerosis translationally under HFHC. [ 111 In]‐DANBIRT longitudinally evidenced atherosclerotic disease in the abdominal aorta in vivo correlated to ex vivo histologic analysis. Support or Funding Information Supported by the NORC PPF (P30 DK056350) to EMB and the CRTG (Burroughs Wellcome Fund) to RIM.
Fpmp-Protected α-Hydroxyphosphonate Diesters for The Synthesis of Pro-Oligonucleotides (1997)

Abstract The synthesis of Fpmp-protected α-hydroxybenzylphosphonate diesters as building blocks for the oligonucleotide synthesis is described. The modified oligonucleotides obtained after cleavage from the solid support and deprotection of the acid-labile Fpmp group should lead to potential pro-oligonucleotides.
ChemInform Abstract: An Unusual β‐Diketone Coordination Mode. Crystal Structure of Bis( 1,3‐bis(2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1,3‐propanedione)tetrakispyridine Dimanganese( III). (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
How can Tribochemistry, Mechanochemistry and Suspension be Synonymous? (1997)

2.
Lyapunov-based constrained engine torque control using electronic throttle and variable cam timing (2012)

In this paper, predictive control of a spark ignition engine equipped with an electronic throttle and a variable cam timing actuator is considered. The objective is to adjust the throttle angle and the engine cam timing in order to reduce the exhaust gas emissions while maintaining fast and monotonic transient engine torque response. To this end, using a mean-value nonlinear model for the air intake system of the engine, a receding horizon control scheme based on a flexible control Lyapunov function is developed. The proposed control scheme can adjust the throttle plate angle and the cam timing to provide a fast and monotonic air flow response into the engine cylinders, while explicitly taking into account constraints. Compared to a previous parameter governor controller, the simulation results show that the proposed solution provides better performance in terms of settling time. Moreover, the computational complexity of the algorithm is compatible with current electronic control units, despite using a full nonlinear model.
The power of a nod and a glance: Envelope vs. emotional feedback in animated conversational agents (1999)

In this article we describe results from an experiment of user interaction with autonomous, human-like (humanoid) conversational agents.W e hypothesize that for embodied conversational agents, nonverbal behaviors related to the process of conversation, what we call envelope feedback, is much more important than other feedback, such as emotional expression.W e test this hypothesis by having subjects interact with three autonomous agents, all capable of full-duplex multimodal interaction: able to generate and recognize speech, intonation, facial displays, and gesture.Each agent, however, gave a di erent kind of feedback: (1) content-related only, (2) content 1 envelope feedback, and (3) content 1 emotional.Content-related feedback includes answering questions and executing commands ; envelope feedback includes behaviors such as gaze, manual beat gesture, and head movements ; emotional feedback includes smiles and looks of puzzlement.Subjects' evaluations of the system were collected with a questionnaire, and videotapes of their speech patterns and behaviors were scored according to how often the users repeated themselves, how often they hesitated, and how often they got frustrated.T he results con rm our hypothesis that envelope feedback is more important in interaction than emotional feedback and that envelope feedback plays a crucial role in supporting the process of dialog.A secondary result from this study shows that users give our multimodal conversational humanoids very high ratings of lifelikeness and uidity of interaction when the agents are capable of giving such feedback.Research intended to answer questions about the various features of embodied agent-oriented systems-systems that employ an embodied character as interface-has to date been hampered by the lack of real computer systems capable of sustaining and supporting multimodal dialog with a human user.To assess topics such as lifelikeness, trust, eVectiveness of com-
Transcriptional Cartography Integrates Multiscale Biology of the Human Cortex (2023)

Abstract The cerebral cortex underlies many of our unique strengths and vulnerabilities - but efforts to understand human cortical organization are challenged by reliance on incompatible measurement methods at different spatial scales. Macroscale features such as cortical folding and functional activation are accessed through spatially dense neuroimaging maps, whereas microscale cellular and molecular features are typically measured with sparse postmortem sampling. Here, we integrate these distinct windows on brain organization by building upon existing postmortem data to impute, validate and analyze a library of spatially dense neuroimaging-like maps of human cortical gene expression. These maps allow spatially unbiased discovery of cortical zones with extreme transcriptional profiles or unusually rapid transcriptional change which index distinct microstructure and predict neuroimaging measures of cortical folding and functional activation. Modules of spatially coexpressed genes define a family of canonical expression maps that integrate diverse spatial scales and temporal epochs of human brain organization - ranging from protein-protein interactions to large-scale systems for cognitive processing. These module maps also parse neuropsychiatric risk genes into subsets which tag distinct cyto-laminar features and differentially predict the location of altered cortical anatomy and gene expression in patients. Taken together, the methods, resources and findings described here advance our understanding of human cortical organization and offer flexible bridges to connect scientific fields operating at different spatial scales of human brain research.
Bioorthogonal Turn‐On Probes for Imaging Small Molecules inside Living Cells (2010)

Leuchtmarker: Eine Serie von aktivierbaren („einschaltbaren“) Tetrazin-konjugierten Fluoreszenzsonden wurde entwickelt, die durch schnelle [4+2]-Cycloadditionen mit inversem Elektronenbedarf an sterisch gespannte Dienophile wie trans-Cycloocten addieren, wodurch es zu einem drastischen Anstieg der Fluoreszenzaktivität kommt (siehe Bild). Die neuen „Einschalt“-Sonden wurden für die intrazelluläre Bildgebung lebender Zellen mit einem an Mikrotubuli bindenden trans-Cycloocten-modifizierten Taxol verwendet. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Monochlorination of Electron‐Rich Arylalkyl‐ and Heteroarylalkyl‐Amines and Amino Acids Using Sulfuryl Chloride. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Isogenic adenoviruses type 5 expressing or not expressing the E1A gene: efficiency as virus vectors in the vaccination of permissive and non-permissive species (1995)

We have previously constructed a recombinant adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) vector expressing the gD gene of pseudorabies virus (Ad-gD). In this virus the E1A gene was deleted, so that Ad-gD was replication defective. When high doses of this virus were inoculated into target species, it was nevertheless able to elicit a strong and protective immune response. We have restored a functional E1A gene in Ad-gD, by rescuing the E1A transcription unit in an ectopic position, far from the enhancer sequences of E1A. Unlike Ad-gD, this new virus (Ad-gD-E1A) was able to replicate in non-transcomplementing Vero cells. The kinetics of replication of Ad-gD-E1A were similar to that of the wild-type Ad5 when cells were infected at medium or high m.o.i. Nevertheless, the level of virus replication was low when Ad-gD-E1A was plated at low m.o.i. Cotton rats and mice were vaccinated once with 10(9) to 10(5) TCID50 of each of the two viruses. In both species, Ad-gD and Ad-gD-E1A induced similar antibody responses for each dose tested. Both were able to give a high level of protection against the challenge. However, the protective dose of Ad-gD-E1A was at least 250-fold lower in cotton rats, an Ad5-permissive species, than that of Ad-gD. In mice, a species restricted for Ad5 replication, the protective dose of Ad-gD-E1A was still not significantly different from that of Ad-gD. These data indicate that the protective dose of such an adenovirus vector vaccine for an animal species is strictly linked to the capacity of the virus to replicate in this species, at least in the model used. So, in designing an adequate vector one needs to balance the use of low dose vaccines against risks in terms of biosafety. Nevertheless, for diseases in which the protective immune response is mainly based on the antibody response, defective and non-defective adenovirus vectors should demonstrate similar protective doses.
Instrument Comparison for Heterozygote Scanning of Single and Double Heterozygotes: A Correction and Extension of Herrmann et al., Clin Chem 2006;52:494-503 (2007)

We have discovered that the DNA sample used in our recent paper (1) as a control heterozygote at the sickle cell locus of β-globin (17A→T, also known as HBB c.20A→T by HUGO nomenclature) contained an additional variant. Subsequent sequencing revealed a double heterozygote, HBB c.[9C→T; 20A→T]. The HBB c. 9C→T is a silent variant for the 3rd amino acid, histidine. In view of this additional sequence variation, we reevaluated the heteroduplex scanning capabilities of the instruments, as reported in the original Fig. 3, to ascertain their ability to distinguish melting curves of heteroduplexes caused by single and double heterozygotes from melting curves of homoduplexes. The c. 9C→T is a …
Mhamad Abou-Hamdan, (2015)

Supplemental data at Neurology.org/nn Critical role for prokineticin 2 in CNS autoimmunity Objective: To investigate the potential role of prokineticin 2 (PK2), a bioactive peptide involved in multiple biological functions including immune modulation, in CNS autoimmune demyelinating disease. Methods: We investigated the expression of PK2 in mice with experimental autoimmune encephalo-myelitis (EAE), the animal model of multiple sclerosis (MS), and in patients with relapsing-remitting MS. We evaluated the biological effects of PK2 on expression of EAE and on development of T-cell response against myelin by blocking PK2 in vivo with PK2 receptor antagonists. We treated with PK2 immune cells activated against myelin antigen to explore the immune-modulating effects of this peptide in vitro. Results: Pk2 messenger RNA was upregulated in spinal cord and lymph node cells (LNCs) of mice with EAE. PK2 protein was expressed in EAE inflammatory infiltrates and was increased in sera during EAE. In patients with relapsing-remitting MS, transcripts for PK2 were significantly increased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells compared with healthy controls, and PK2 serum concentrations were significantly higher. A PK2 receptor antagonist prevented or attenuated established EAE in chronic and relapsing-remitting models, reduced CNS inflammation and demy-elination, and decreased the production of interferon (IFN)-g and interleukin (IL)-17A cytokines in LNCs while increasing IL-10. PK2 in vitro increased IFN-g and IL-17A and reduced IL-10 in splenocytes activated against myelin antigen. Conclusion: These data suggest that PK2 is a critical immune regulator in CNS autoimmune demyelination and may represent a new target for therapy. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm
Technique and Apparatus for Accurate Cross-Sectional Stress Profiling of Optical Fibers (2010)

The design and performance of a technique for determining 2-D cross-sectional stress distributions in optical fibers and fiber-based devices is described. The Brace-Köhler phase compensation method is implemented on a commercial polarization microscope to perform full-field measurements of the transverse retardations induced by the low levels of birefringence in optical fibers. Analysis of the region surrounding the fiber enables removal of the background retardation induced by the imaging optics. A custom microscope stage plate, fiber rotation apparatus, and compensator rotation apparatus allow for semi-automated measurements at various angular orientations of the fiber. Image analysis techniques are described that reduce the number of angular increments over which the compensator must be rotated, thus providing a more workable total data acquisition time. Computed tomography principles and the filtered backprojection algorithm are implemented to determine full cross-sectional axial stress distributions. The lateral spatial resolution of the technique is 0.46 μm . The axial stress distribution in Corning SMF-28 fiber is presented. The resolution of the axial stress determined with the technique is estimated to be 0.24 MPa. The accuracy of the axial stress is estimated to be ±0.18 MPa.
Excess Deaths during Influenza and Coronavirus Disease and Infection-Fatality Rate for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2, the Netherlands (2021)

Since the 2009 influenza pandemic, the Netherlands has used a weekly death monitoring system to estimate deaths in excess of expectations. We present estimates of excess deaths during the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic and 10 previous influenza epidemics. Excess deaths per influenza epidemic averaged 4,000. The estimated 9,554 excess deaths (41% in excess) during the COVID-19 epidemic weeks 12-19 of 2020 appeared comparable to the 9,373 excess deaths (18%) during the severe influenza epidemic of 2017-18. However, these deaths occurred in a shorter time, had a higher peak, and were mitigated by nonpharmaceutical control measures. Excess deaths were 1.8-fold higher than reported laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 deaths (5,449). Based on excess deaths and preliminary results from seroepidemiologic studies, we estimated the infection-fatality rate to be 1%. Monitoring of excess deaths is crucial for timely estimates of disease burden for influenza and COVID-19. Our data complement laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 death reports and enable comparisons between epidemics.
A novel antagonist anti‐cMet antibody with antitumor activities targeting both ligand‐dependent and ligand‐independent c‐Met receptors (2016)

c-Met is a prototypic member of a sub-family of RTKs. Inappropriate c-Met activation plays a crucial role in tumor formation, proliferation and metastasis. Using a key c-Met dimerization assay, a set of 12 murine whole IgG1 monoclonal antibodies was selected and a lead candidate, m224G11, was humanized by CDR-grafting and engineered to generate a divalent full antagonist humanized IgG1 antibody, hz224G11. Neither m224G11 nor hz224G11 bind to the murine c-Met receptor. Their antitumor activity was investigated in vitro in a set of experiments consistent with the reported pleiotropic effects mediated by c-Met and, in vivo, using several human tumor xenograft models. Both m224G11 and hz224G11 exhibited nanomolar affinities for the receptor and inhibited HGF binding, c-Met phosphorylation, and receptor dimerization in a similar fashion, resulting in a profound inhibition of all c-Met functions in vitro. These effects were presumably responsible for the inhibition of c-Met's major functions including cell proliferation, migration, invasion scattering, morphogenesis and angiogenesis. In addition to these in vitro properties, hz224G11 dramatically inhibits the growth of autocrine, partially autophosphorylated and c-Met amplified cell lines in vivo. Pharmacological studies performed on Hs746T gastric cancer xenografts demonstrate that hz224G11 strongly downregulates c-Met expression and phosphorylation. It also decreases the tumor mitotic index (Ki67) and induces apoptosis. Taken together, the in vitro and in vivo data suggest that hz224G11 is a promising candidate for the treatment of tumors. This antibody, now known as ABT-700 and currently in Phase I clinical trials, may provide a novel therapeutic approach to c-Met-expressing cancers.
A Novel Detection and Localization Approach of Open-Circuit Switch Fault for the Grid-Connected Modular Multilevel Converter (2022)

The open-circuit fault detection and localization (FDL) technique can improve the reliability of the modular multilevel converter (MMC). However, the conventional software-based FDL methods usually have a heavy computation burden or a limited localization speed. This article proposes a simplified and fast software-based FDL approach for the grid-connected MMC. First, the errors between the measured state variables (the output current and the circulating current) and their estimated values are calculated. By comparing these errors with their threshold values, the switch fault can not only be detected but also be localized to the specific arm. Then, the capacitor voltages in this faulty arm are collected, and the submodule (SM) with the highest capacitor voltage is selected. To confirm the switch fault in this SM, a modified <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Pauta</i> criterion is presented to check the abnormal voltage data. As a result, the computation burden of the proposed software-based FDL approach is significantly reduced, and the faulty SM can be localized in a short period. Simulation and experimental results verify that the proposed approach can effectively detect and localize different open-circuit faults, and it is immune to the step of power references.
Mesoporous Thin Films: Molten Salt Assisted Self‐Assembly: Synthesis of Mesoporous LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4 Thin Films and Investigation of Electrocatalytic Water Oxidation Performance of Lithium Cobaltate (Small 1/2018) (2018)

In article number 1701913, Ferdi Karadas, Ömer Dag, and co-workers synthesize transparent mesoporous thin films of LiCoO2 and LiMn2O4 by employing a molten salt assisted self-assembly method. A clear solution of the ingredients is coated over a subtrate that is heated at elevated temperatures to obtain the transparent mesoporous metal lithiates. The mesoporous LiCoO2 film electrode, coated over a FTO substrate, demonstrates promising water oxidation electrocatalysis at low overpotentials.
Study of metal oxide catalysts by temperature programmed desorption. 2. Chemisorption of oxygen on copper(II) ion-exchanged Y-type zeolites (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudy of metal oxide catalysts by temperature programmed desorption. 2. Chemisorption of oxygen on copper(II) ion-exchanged Y-type zeolitesMasakazu Iwamoto, Kouji Maruyama, Noboru Yamazoe, and Tetsuro SeiyamaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1977, 81, 7, 622–629Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100522a007https://doi.org/10.1021/j100522a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The CARFAC Digital Cochlear Model (2017)

The modified transmission-line implementation, like the low-pass filter version, is an active system, with adjustments to the filter Q values changing the filter shapes and gains. … This functional variation of Q with level gives a nearly uniform 2.5:1 compression ratio in the cochlear output for inputs ranging from 0 to 100 dB SPL.—"Accurate Tuning Curves In a Cochlear Model," James Kates (1993a)