gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New adaptive differencing strategy in the PENTRAN 3-d parallel S{sub n} code (1996)

It is known that three-dimensional (3-D) discrete ordinates (S{sub n}) transport problems require an immense amount of storage and computational effort to solve. For this reason, parallel codes that offer a capability to completely decompose the angular, energy, and spatial domains among a distributed network of processors are required. One such code recently developed is PENTRAN, which iteratively solves 3-D multi-group, anisotropic S{sub n} problems on distributed-memory platforms, such as the IBM-SP2. Because large problems typically contain several different material zones with various properties, available differencing schemes should automatically adapt to the transport physics in each material zone. To minimize the memory and message-passing overhead required for massively parallel S{sub n} applications, available differencing schemes in an adaptive strategy should also offer reasonable accuracy and positivity, yet require only the zeroth spatial moment of the transport equation; differencing schemes based on higher spatial moments, in spite of their greater accuracy, require at least twice the amount of storage and communication cost for implementation in a massively parallel transport code. This paper discusses a new adaptive differencing strategy that uses increasingly accurate schemes with low parallel memory and communication overhead. This strategy, implemented in PENTRAN, includes a new scheme, exponential directionalmore » averaged (EDA) differencing.« less
Sicherheit und Immunogenität einer Tetanus/Diphtherie/Pertussis azellulär-Impfung in der Schwangerschaft oder post-partal (reduzierter Antigengehalt) und nachfolgend hexavalente Diphtherie/Tetanus/Pertussis azellulär/Polio/Haemophilus influenzae Typ B/Hepatitis B-Konjugat-Erstimmunisierung der Kinder (2019)

Die Pertussis-Immunisierung während der Schwangerschaft reduziert das Infektionsrisiko bei Neugeborenen. Unser Ziel war, die Bewertung der Sicherheit und Immunogenität der maternalen Pertussis-Immunisierung, des Transfers von Antikörpern zum Kind und die Auswirkung auf die Antwort des Kindes gegenüber der aktiven Immunisierung zu beurteilen.
Nicotinic Acid Receptor Abnormalities in Human Skin Cancer: Implications for a Role in Epidermal Differentiation (2011)

The results of these studies justify future genetic and pharmacological intervention studies to define possible specific role(s) of nicotinic acid receptors in human skin homeostasis.
Micrometer-Scale Ordering of Silicon-Containing Block Copolymer Thin Films via High-Temperature Thermal Treatments (2016)

Block copolymer (BCP) self-assembly is expected to complement conventional optical lithography for the fabrication of next-generation microelectronic devices. In this regard, silicon-containing BCPs with a high Flory-Huggins interaction parameter (χ) are extremely appealing because they form high-resolution nanostructures with characteristic dimensions below 10 nm. However, due to their slow self-assembly kinetics and low thermal stability, these silicon-containing high-χ BCPs are usually processed by solvent vapor annealing or in solvent-rich ambient at a low annealing temperature, significantly increasing the complexity of the facilities and of the procedures. In this work, the self-assembly of cylinder-forming polystyrene-block-poly(dimethylsiloxane-random-vinylmethylsiloxane) (PS-b-P(DMS-r-VMS)) BCP on flat substrates is promoted by means of a simple thermal treatment at high temperatures. Homogeneous PS-b-P(DMS-r-VMS) thin films covering the entire sample surface are obtained without any evidence of dewetting phenomena. The BCP arranges in a single layer of cylindrical P(DMS-r-VMS) nanostructures parallel-oriented with respect to the substrate. By properly adjusting the surface functionalization, the heating rate, the annealing temperature, and the processing time, one can obtain correlation length values larger than 1 μm in a time scale fully compatible with the stringent requirements of the microelectronic industry.
A low-voltage PWM CMOS imager with small pixel size using an in-pixel gate-common comparator (2007)

We propose a new pixel structure of pulse-width-modulation (PWM) CMOS active pixel sensor with a small pixel size performing a pixel-level single-slope A/D conversion to realize a low and single power supply operation. The pixel is composed of only three transistors without pixel-circuit sharing, and has a gate-common amplifier that compares a photodiode voltage on the gate node with a ramp signal on the source for A/D conversion. We have fabricated a 128×96-pixel prototype imager with an on-chip ramp generator and bootstrap circuits in a 0.35-µm CMOS technology, and successfully demonstrated image acquisition with a 1.4-1.8-V single power supply.
Theoretical Analysis on Mechanical Deformation of Membrane-Based Photomask Blanks (2012)

Membrane-based photomask is used in proximity X-ray lithography including that in LIGA (Lithographie, Galvanoformung und Abformung) process, and near-field photolithography. In this article, out-of-plane deformation (OPD) and in-plane displacement (IPD) of membrane-based photomask blanks are theoretically analyzed to obtain the mask blanks with flat front surface and low stress absorber film. First, we derived the equations of OPD and IPD for the processing steps of membrane-based photomask such as film deposition, back-etching and bonding, using a theory of symmetrical bending of circular plates with a coaxial circular hole and that of deformation of cylinder under hydrostatic pressure. The validity of the equations was proved by comparing the calculation results with experimental ones. Using these equations, we investigated the relation between the geometry of the mask blanks and the distortions generally, and gave the criterion to attain the flat front surface. Moreover, the absorber stress-bias required to obtain zero-stress on finished mask blanks was also calculated and it has been found that only little stress-bias was required for adequate hole size of support plate.
Close Linkage Between theCf-2/Cf-5andMiResistance Loci in Tomato (1993)

Analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in tomato plants segregating for resistance to the fungus Cladosporium fulvum was used to localize the resistance genes Cf-2 and Cf-5 to the same region of chromosome 6. This region, between GP79 and Aps-1, is the same as that reported for the Mi gene, which confers resistance to root-knot nematodes (meloidogyne spp.). Recombination values based on F2 populations from crosses between near-isogenic lines of L. esculentum 'Moneymaker' carrying Cf-2 or Cf-5 and Lycopersicon pennellii, indicate that this region occupies 4-5 centiMorgans (cM). However, in F2 populations from crosses between the L. esculentum stock LA1190 carrying yv and these lines, this value is 1-2 cM. The Cf-2 gene, introduced into L. esculentum from L. pimpinellifolium, is on an introgressed segment that extends from a point distal to GP79 to a point between TG232 and H2D1. The origin of Cf-5 was found to be L. esculentum var. cerasiforme rather than L. pimpinellifolium as previously reported. No RFLP markers and only one RAPD marker showed a polymorphism between Moneymaker and the near-isogenic line carrying Cf-5.
Synthesis and Antiviral Evaluation of 2′,3′-Dideoxy-2′-fluoro-3′-C-hydroxymethyl-β-D-arabinofuranosyl Pyrimidine Nucleosides (2003)

The synthesis and anti-HBV and anti-HIV activity of a number of 2',3'-dideoxy-2'-fluoro-3'-C-hydroxymethyl-beta-D-arabinofuranosyl pyrimidine nucleosides are reported.
Sparse and Composite Optical Lattices: Implications for Live Cell Imaging (2005)

New classes of optical lattices are described that yield large arrays of highly confined intensity maxima of selectable wavelength-normalized periodicity. Implications for high-speed, high-resolution live cell imaging and single molecule spectroscopy are discussed
Audio events detection based highlights extraction from baseball, golf and soccer games in a unified framework (2003)

We developed a unified framework to extract highlights from three sports: baseball, golf and soccer by detecting some of the common audio events that are directly indicative of highlights. We used MPEG-7 audio features and entropic prior hidden Markov models (HMM) as the audio features and classifier respectively to recognize these common audio events. Together with pre- and post-processing techniques using general sports knowledge, we have been able to generate promising results dealing with the audio track that is dominated by audio mixtures and noisy background.
Multiple constraints rate distortion optimization for a video encoder control (2020)

Current video coding standards like HEVC, VP9, VVC, AV1, etc., involve partitioning a picture into coding tree units (CTU), typically corresponding to 64x64 or 128x128 picture areas. Each CTU is partitioned into coding blocks following a recursive coding tree. In recently published perceptual video encoding methods, the CTU is used as the spatial unit to assign a QP value in a given picture area. Such an approach fits well with the usual rate distortion optimization used to decide the coding tree representation of a CTU since a constant QP is used inside the CTU. Thus Lagrangian rate distortion optimization works in such a situation. However, for some applications, finer spatial granularity may be desired with an adaptive QP. A perceptual video coding scheme may use a codec agnostic QP allocation process that proceeds on a 16x16 block basis. The issue raised in such a case is that the rate distortion trade-off among split modes no more works with the Lagrangian method. This paper proposes several methods to perform the rate distortion optimization of a coding tree in the situation where multiple QPs may be assigned inside the same CTU. First a theoretical method to solve the problem is described. It consists in a coding tree RD optimization using multiple Lagrange parameters. Then some simpler empirical methods which emulate the theoretical approach are proposed. Experimental results show the benefit of the proposed methods on top of VP9 and HEVC video encoders.
Tycoon: an Implementation of a Distributed, Market-based Resource\n Allocation System (2004)

Distributed clusters like the Grid and PlanetLab enable the same statistical\nmultiplexing efficiency gains for computing as the Internet provides for\nnetworking. One major challenge is allocating resources in an economically\nefficient and low-latency way. A common solution is proportional share, where\nusers each get resources in proportion to their pre-defined weight. However,\nthis does not allow users to differentiate the value of their jobs. This leads\nto economic inefficiency. In contrast, systems that require reservations impose\na high latency (typically minutes to hours) to acquire resources.\n We present Tycoon, a market based distributed resource allocation system\nbased on proportional share. The key advantages of Tycoon are that it allows\nusers to differentiate the value of their jobs, its resource acquisition\nlatency is limited only by communication delays, and it imposes no manual\nbidding overhead on users. We present experimental results using a prototype\nimplementation of our design.\n
Polarization Properties of DCMs: Thermal Variations (2009)

Polarization properties of fiber-based dispersion compensating modules (DCMs) display reversible and irreversible dependence when subject to temperature cycles and thermal shocks, respectively, with slow temporal dependence of the DGD.
The effect of switch box flexibility on routability of field programmable gate arrays (2002)

The relationship between the routability of a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and the flexibility of its interconnection structures is explored. A set of industrial circuits are implemented as FPGAs in a range of routing structures with varying flexibility. Experiments indicate that high flexibility is essential for the connection box that joint the logic blocks to the routing channel, but a relatively low flexibility is sufficient for switch boxes at the junction of horizontal and vertical channels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Cerviocobrachial Syndrome: (1993)

Objectives: Our study evaluated the neck function in a group of patients with chronic cerviobrachial syndrome [CBS] and a group of healthy controls. A second objective was to study the effect of neck muscle training on CBS patients. Methods: We measured range of movement [ROM], maximum voluntary contraction [MVC] and isometric endurance at 60% of MVC [IE]. Measurements were made during dorsal, ventral and lateral flexion. ROM was measured with an electric goniometer, and MVC was measured by a strain guage dynamometer. A visual analog scale [VAS] was used to monitor pain perception. Results: In healthy subjects, ROM, MVS, and IE attained the highest values during dorsal flexion, whereas values obtained during ventral and lateral flexion were of comparable magnitude. Patients with CBS showed a decrease in ROM during dorsal flexion, a decrease in MVC in all directions and a decrease in IE during dorsal and lateral flexion. Two months of intensive neck muscle training improved both MVC- and VAS-values. Conclusions: Our results are in accordance with findings in studies of the trunk musculature. The reestablishment of muscular strength and agonist/antagonist ratios appears to be of therapeutic value in CBS, as has been the case with chronic low back rehabilitation.
In Vitro Influence of Heat Extract from Firely Squid Watasenia scintillans on the Phagocyte and Lymphocyte Activities in Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. (1996)

In vitro effects of heat extracts from firefly squid, Watasenia scintillans, (FSE-1) and desalted FSE-1 (DFSE-1) on the activities of phagocytes and lymphocyte proliferation of rainbow trout were evaluated.In the first experiment, the effects of FSE-1 and DFSE-1 were compared by measuring respiratory burst and potential killing activities of blood phagocytes, and by measuring lymphoblastic transformation level with or without Con A. In this experiment, DFSE-1 was found more effective than FSE-1.In the second experiment, effects of different doses of DFSE-1 were examined by measuring nitro blue tetrazorium (NBT) reduction level, respiratory burst activity and potential killing activity of head kidney macrophages and lymphocyte proliferation test with Con A or LPS. When diluted (&times;1-&times;8) DFSE-1 was added, the head kidney macrophages showed significant (p&lt;0.05) elevation of NBT reduction, respiratory burst and potential killing activities compared to the control. The lymphoblastic transformation rate was significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher than that of control when diluted (&times;1-&times;16) DFSE-1 was added with Con A or LPS. These results suggest that DFSE-1 administration effectively stimulate the defense mechanism of rainbow trout.
Diffusivity measurements in polymers: III. Quartz crystal microbalance techniques (1997)

A quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) system has been designed and constructed in order to measure the diffusion rates of several different casting solvents in a photoresist film. The QCM employs an oscillating quartz crystal that is coated with a photoresist film. Changes in mass caused by sorption or desorption of the casting solvent are detected as changes in the resonant frequency of the crystal. One advantage of the QCM is the high sensitivity with which this device can make weight measurements. The sensitivity is on the order of nanograms. This accuracy, along with the ease of data analysis, makes the QCM a particularly attractive apparatus for diffusion measurements. The QCM system consists of a piezoelectric crystal, a frequency counter, an oscillator unit, a detector, and a recorder. During the experiment, the shift in resonant frequency of the crystal with time is monitored, and the diffusion coefficient is extracted by using the method described by Crank. A related QCM technique has been used to study the dissolution kinetics of photoresists. The QCM system has been employed to measure the diffusion coefficients of common casting solvents in novolac films as a function of temperature. Acid diffusion in poly(hydroxystyrene) was also studied by this method.
Characterization of Neuronal Death and Functional Deficits following Nerve Injury during the Early Postnatal Developmental Period in Rats (2015)

In contrast to adult rat nerve injury models, neonatal sciatic nerve crush leads to massive motor and sensory neuron death. Death of these neurons results from both the loss of functional contact between the nerve terminals and their targets, and the inability of immature Schwann cells in the distal stump of the injured nerve to sustain regeneration. However, current dogma holds that little to no motoneuron death occurs in response to nerve crush at postnatal day 5 (P5). The purpose of the current study was to fully characterize the extent of motor and sensory neuronal death and functional recovery following sciatic nerve crush at mid-thigh level in rats at postnatal days 3-30 (P3-P30), and then compare this to adult injured animals. Following nerve crush at P3, motoneuron numbers were reduced to 35% of that of naïve uninjured animals. Animals in the P5 and P7 group also displayed statistically fewer motoneurons than naïve animals. Animals that were injured at P30 or earlier displayed statistically lower sensory neuron counts in the dorsal root ganglion than naïve controls. Surprisingly, complete behavioral recovery was observed exclusively in the P30 and adult injured groups. Similar results were observed in muscle twitch/tetanic force analysis, motor unit number estimation and wet muscle weights. Rats in both the P5 and P7 injury groups displayed significant neuronal death and impaired functional recovery following injury, challenging current dogma and suggesting that severe deficits persist following nerve injury during this early postnatal developmental period. These findings have important implications concerning the timing of neonatal nerve injury in rats.
Organoiron and Organochromium Chemistry (2001)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Reactions of Tetracarbonylferrate(–II), Collmans Reaction Addition of Allyl-, Alkenyl-, and Alkynylchromium(III) Reagents to Carbonyl Groups Applications of Fischer-Type Carbene Complexes of Chromium Applications of η2-AlkeneFe(Cp)(CO)2 Complexes η3-Allyliron Carbonyl Complexes Applications of η4-1,3-Diene-Fe(CO) Complexes Nucleophile Addition to η5-Pentadienyl-Fe(CO)3 Cationic Complexes Applications of η6-Arene-Cr(CO)3 Complexes References
REDIAL-2020: A suite of machine learning models to estimate Anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities (2020)

Strategies for drug discovery and repositioning are an urgent need with respect to COVID-19. We developed "REDIAL-2020", a suite of machine learning models for estimating small molecule activity from molecular structure, for a range of SARS-CoV-2 related assays. Each classifier is based on three distinct types of descriptors (fingerprint, physicochemical, and pharmacophore) for parallel model development. These models were trained using high throughput screening data from the NCATS COVID19 portal (https://opendata.ncats.nih.gov/covid19/index.html), with multiple categorical machine learning algorithms. The "best models" are combined in an ensemble consensus predictor that outperforms single models where external validation is available. This suite of machine learning models is available through the DrugCentral web portal (http://drugcentral.org/Redial). Acceptable input formats are: drug name, PubChem CID, or SMILES; the output is an estimate of anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities. The web application reports estimated activity across three areas (<i>viral entry</i>, <i>viral replication</i>, and <i>live virus infectivity</i>) spanning six independent models, followed by a similarity search that displays the most similar molecules to the query among experimentally determined data. The ML models have 60% to 74% external predictivity, based on three separate datasets. Complementing the NCATS COVID19 portal, REDIAL-2020 can serve as a rapid online tool for identifying active molecules for COVID-19 treatment. The source code and specific models are available through Github (https://github.com/sirimullalab/redial-2020), or via Docker Hub (https://hub.docker.com/r/sirimullalab/redial-2020) for users preferring a containerized version.
Dynamic Response of Reinforced Concrete Bridge Piers Subjected to Combined Axial and Blast Loading (2017)

Records have shown that bridges designed in accordance to conventional standards are usually unable to resist blast loading. Bridges serve great importance in modern day transportation system as they also form part of the skylines of cities, but the increasing act of terrorism around the world has made these valuable assets vulnerable to attack. This research studies the response of a reinforced concrete bridge pier conventionally designed and subjected to blast loading. Non-linear finite element method using a commercial software LS-DYNA which is capable of simulating real blast scenario problems of large deformations with the aid of Arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian simulations and fluid-structure interaction is used. The conventionally designed pier was subjected to near ground blast loading by varying the charge weight and stand-off distance while keeping the axial load constant. The mode of failure of the pier is observed for peak displacement and residual displacement. The results obtained were used to propose methods of retrofitting and repairing the conventionally designed bridge piers to support combined gravity (axial) and blast loading.
Automated diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease using image similarity and user feedback (2009)

In this work, we present a learning framework to help early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from magnetic resonance images using visual similarity and user feedback. Our approach relies on a nearest neighbor (NN) procedure where the similarity measure is obtained via on-line supervised learning. This framework differs from standard classification based medical diagnosis in that learning is always carried out on-line with a small training set, much like in relevance feedback-driven retrieval. We propose two alternative approaches to learn the similarities between cases. While the first approach indirectly employs the distance to support vector machine decision boundary as a similarity measure, the second one aims at directly finding a similarity function based on the minimization of the empirical ranking risk. Several experiments on Open Access Series of Imaging Studies neuroimaging database establish that, even with weak global visual descriptors and small training sets, this framework has better diagnostic performance than standard classification based approaches and it also enjoys a certain degree of robustness against incorrect relevance judgments.