gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recall of Reverberant Speech in Quiet and Four-Talker Babble Noise (2021)

Using behavioral evaluation of free recall performance, we investigated whether reverberation and/or noise affected memory performance in normal-hearing adults. Thirty-four participants performed a free-recall task in which they were instructed to repeat the initial word after each sentence and to remember the target words after each list of seven sentences, in a 2 (reverberation) × 2 (noise) factorial design. Pupil dilation responses (baseline and peak pupil dilation) were also recorded sentence-by-sentence while the participants were trying to remember the target words. In noise, speech was presented at an easily audible level using an individualized signal-to-noise ratio (95% speech intelligibility). As expected, recall performance was significantly lower in the noisy environment than in the quiet condition. Regardless of noise interference or reverberation, sentence- baseline values gradually increased with an increase in the number of words to be remembered for a subsequent free-recall task. Long reverberation time had no significant effect on memory retrieval of verbal stimuli or pupillary responses during encoding.
Removing overhead from high-level interfaces (2012)

Hardware modules would be much easier to reuse if they supported generic flexible high-level interfaces. However, these interfaces are rarely used since they lead to timing and area overheads compared to a customized design. This paper describes a reachability analysis framework that identifies over-provisioning in instances of flexible design, and offers a technique for annotating this information so that modern synthesis tools can remove most of the overhead. Results are demonstrated on a variety of flexible structures, including functional blocks, programmable state machines, and latency-insensitive interfaces.
Deep neural network heatmaps capture Alzheimer’s disease patterns reported in a large meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies (2023)

Deep neural networks currently provide the most advanced and accurate machine learning models to distinguish between structural MRI scans of subjects with Alzheimer's disease and healthy controls. Unfortunately, the subtle brain alterations captured by these models are difficult to interpret because of the complexity of these multi-layer and non-linear models. Several heatmap methods have been proposed to address this issue and analyze the imaging patterns extracted from the deep neural networks, but no quantitative comparison between these methods has been carried out so far. In this work, we explore these questions by deriving heatmaps from Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) trained using T1 MRI scans of the ADNI data set and by comparing these heatmaps with brain maps corresponding to Support Vector Machine (SVM) activation patterns. Three prominent heatmap methods are studied: Layer-wise Relevance Propagation (LRP), Integrated Gradients (IG), and Guided Grad-CAM (GGC). Contrary to prior studies where the quality of heatmaps was visually or qualitatively assessed, we obtained precise quantitative measures by computing overlap with a ground-truth map from a large meta-analysis that combined 77 voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies independently from ADNI. Our results indicate that all three heatmap methods were able to capture brain regions covering the meta-analysis map and achieved better results than SVM activation patterns. Among them, IG produced the heatmaps with the best overlap with the independent meta-analysis.
Udfordringer og mulige veje for den nye fællesfaglighed i naturfagene i folkeskolen: Lærerundersøgelser fra pilotfasen. (2016)

Der er indført fællesfaglige fokusområder og en ny fælles mundtlig og praktisk prøve i naturfagene i folkeskolen fra skoleåret 2016/2017. Prøveformen er blevet pilotafprøvet på en række skoler I skoleåret 2015/2016 – uden forsøg på systematisk evaluering fra officielt hold. Nærværende FoU-projekt forsøger i sin første fase at afdække naturfaglige underviseres forståelse af og holdning til det nye fællesfaglige agenda, samt udpege udfordringer og muligheder for dets videre implementering. Projektet er pragmatisk af natur og tilsigter at levere brugbar viden til såvel lærere i folkeskolen som naturfagsundervisningen på læreruddannelsen. Med afsæt i den eksisterende forskningslitteratur om tværfagligt samspil (afsæt i (Czerniak, 2007) indenfor naturfag designedes et spørgeskema mhp. at indfange læreres forståelse af tværfagligt samspil, deres erfaringer, selvtillid (self-efficacy) og praksis mht. fagligt samspil, samt deres holdninger til denne type undervisning. Åbne respons-felter gav lærerne mulighed for at give konkrete eksempler fra praksis og beskrive centrale udfordringer. Et diverst convenience-sample (N=94) af lærere fra alle naturfag i overbygningen besvarede spørgeskemaet. Pilotafprøvningen af den nye fællesfaglige prøve blev fulgt via et mindre antal observationer og via semistrukturerede interviews med et antal (8) frontlinielærere, for at få adgang til de fremmeste praktiske erfaringer på feltet og afdække de mest udfordrende aspekter af prøveformen. I oplægget vil centrale resultater fra såvel de kvantitative som kvalitative undersøgelser blive fremlagt, fx påvises interessante spændinger mellem lærernes forståelse af, at den intenderede tværfaglighed bør være problemorienteret, og så den emneorienterede praksis, som mange lærere beskriver. Grundet det unikke danske samspilsformat lader resultaterne sig kun vanskeligt validere internationalt. Undersøgelsernes implikationer for praksis vil imidlertid blive uddybet – også på læreruddannelsens område.
Abstract 4533: In vivo activation of the p53 pathway leading to tumor regression by a novel and potent HDM2 antagonist SCH 1450206 (2010)

Abstract The HDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction is well characterized through X-ray crystallography. Disrupting this HDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction by a small molecule would therefore release the p53 from the negative inhibition of HDM2 and restore its anti-tumor activities. Peptides, antisense oligonucleotides and small molecules have been identified which disrupt this interaction and result in the stabilization of p53 protein and activation of its downstream targets. We have recently discovered a novel, potent HDM2 antagonist (SCH 1450206) with mechanism-based activity both in vitro and in vivo. Oral administration of SCH 1450206 as a single agent resulted in tumor regression in the SJSA-1 osteosarcoma xenograft model without any observable toxicity. Analysis of the pharmacodynamic markers demonstrated that the anti-tumor activity of SCH 1450206 correlated with the robust activation of p53 pathway in vivo. In addition to its single agent anti-tumor activity, combination of HDM2 antagonist SCH 1450206 with various cytotoxics resulted in further tumor growth inhibition in various human cancer xenograft models. The activation of p53 pathway in vivo targets preferentially to tumor tissues compared to high proliferating and radio sensitive organs of the mouse at the efficacious dose. The lack of single agent toxicity at the efficacious dose and schedule would potentially allow the combination of this type of HDM2 antagonist with other anti-cancer agents at full dose in the clinic. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4533.
Near-Field to Far-Field Transformation for an Outdoor RCS Range (2008)

This paper presents the near-field to far-field transformation for an outdoor radar cross section (RCS) range. Direct measurement of the large actual target requires quite a long measurement range. The near-field to far-field RCS transformation method achieves the reduction of measurement range. However the non-uniformity of the incident electric field distribution on the target causes some errors in RCS prediction. We propose a novel near-field to far-field RCS transformation method that can be applied to an outdoor RCS measurement. The non-uniformity of the incident electric field distribution is successfully resolved by introducing the correction term of the ground bounce. We investigate the validity of the proposed method by the simulation and measurement.
Potential Use of Toxic Thermolabile Proteins To Study Protein Quality Control Systems (2007)

SulA is an Escherichia coli division inhibitor with a short half-life whose accumulation results in filamentation. Here, we show that SulA is thermally unstable and forms aggregates at elevated temperatures. This property enables the selection of isolates with mutated protein quality control systems.
POEGMA‐b‐PAA comb‐like polymer dispersant for Al2 suspensions (2016)

ABSTRACT POEGMA ‐b‐ PAA comb‐like polymer is synthesized through RAFT polymerization, and it is employed as an efficient dispersant for Al 2 O 3 suspensions. The POEGMA ‐b‐ PAA polymer consists of PAA chains and POEGMA comb‐like chains. The former provide electrostatic attraction between Al 2 O 3 particles and polymer, while the latter extend to solution and maintain the stability of suspension due to strong steric hindrance. The adsorption is proven and the rheology behaviors of Al 2 O 3 suspensions are strongly improved. Different POEGMA ‐b‐ PAA polymers with different length of side chains have similar but not identical rheological properties. The polymer with the appropriate length of side chain provides the biggest improvement to rheological properties of Al 2 O 3 suspensions, such as apparent viscosity and granularity. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133 , 43352.
Mutations of two lysine residues in the CDR loops of a recombinant immunotoxin that reduce its sensitivity to chemical derivatization (1994)

B3(Fv)-PE38 is a recombinant single-chain immunotoxin in which the Fv region of monoclonal antibody B3 is connected to a truncated form of Pseudomonas exotoxin. It would be desirable to use the lysine residues of the molecule for chemical modification so that it can be derivatized with poly(ethylene glycol) to achieve reduced immunogenicity or with the Bolton-Hunter reagent for biodistribution studies. We found that derivatizing lysine residues of B3(Fv)-PE38 causes a marked loss of specific target cell cytotoxicity and/or immunoreactivity. Here we show that two lysine residues in the antibody-combining region of B3(Fv)-PE38 can be replaced with arginines, with only a small loss of cytotoxicity and no change in specificity. This mutant molecule is 3-fold more resistant to inactivation by derivatization with succinimidyl 4-(N-maleimidomethyl)cyclohexane 1-carboxylate (SMCC) or Bolton-Hunter reagent.
A Hardware-Based Bidirectional Power Flow Decoupling Approach for Multi-Active-Bridge Converters (2023)

Cross-coupling effect and complicated control are the main drawbacks in multi-port structures such as multi-active bridge (MAB) converters. This paper discusses existing solutions for decoupling power flow in the MAB and proposes a new strategy. The suggested solution requires an external inductor and two more switches per bidirectional port, and one inductor per output unidirectional port. The theoretical analysis shows that each output port can be controlled independently in all scenarios. The proposed strategy does not require a decoupling matrix, and each port behaves like a separated dual-active bridge converter. In the end, the functionality and performance of the proposal are validated in PLECS simulator, demonstrating an appropriate selection of the inductances can decouple the power flow effectively, besides it reduces the circulating power and enhances the possibility of fault tolerance.
In vivo PET-Bildgebung von vaskulären nikotinergen Acetylcholin-Rezeptoren mit [18F]-2-Fluoro-A85380 im Menschen (2012)

[18F]-2-Fluoro-A85380 wurde für die in vivo PET-Bildung von α4ß2 nikotinergen Acetylcholinrezeptor (nAChR)-Untereinheiten im humanen Gehirn entwickelt. Es ist bekannt, dass nAChR im Allgemeinen als auch α4ß2-Untereinheiten im Speziellen auch in arteriellen Gefäßen nachweisbar sind und dort die schädlichen Effekte von Nikotin, als Hauptbestandteil von Tabakrauch, auf die Gefäße zu vermitteln scheinen. Frühere Studien konnten zudem zeigen, dass die [18F]-2-Fluoro-A85380-Aufnahme, und damit die nAChR-Dichte, im Gehirn bei Menschen mit oder ohne neurodegenerative Erkrankungen unterschiedlich ist. Ziel dieser Studie war darum einerseits die Evaluation von [18F]-2-Fluoro-A85380 für die in vivo Bildgebung von arteriellen nAChR in Menschen. Andererseits sollte zudem überprüft werden, ob potentiell ein unterschiedliches vaskuläres Uptake-Muster des Tracers bei Patienten mit neurodegenerativen Erkrankungen im Vergleich mit gesunden Probanden besteht.
MAMMOS read-only memory (2004)

The concept of a low cost, single layer read only memory (ROM) compatible with the magnetic amplifying magneto-optical system (MAMMOS) is introduced. This ROM technology relies on the creation of nucleation sites in the medium for information storage and read back. Several methods of implementing the MAMMOS ROM are proposed and the distribution of nucleation sites is experimentally investigated to gain a better understanding of how to control these sites.
Artefact-free late gadolinium enhancement imaging in patients with implanted cardiac devices using a modified broadband sequence: current strategies and results from a real-world patient cohort (2017)

Using a modified broadband sequence for LGE imaging significantly increased the number of artefact-free myocardial segments thereby leading to improved diagnostic value of the CMR exam. Since the occurrence and extent of hyperintensity artefacts are closely related to the individual device, more studies are warranted to evaluate if the results can be extrapolated to other devices and manufacturers.
Graph Temporal Logic Inference for Classification and Identification (2019)

Inferring spatial-temporal properties from data is important for many complex systems, such as additive manufacturing systems, swarm robotic systems and biological networks. Such systems can often be modeled as a labeled graph where labels on the nodes and edges represent relevant measurements such as temperatures and distances. We introduce graph temporal logic (GTL) which can express properties such as "whenever a node's label is above 10, for the next 3 time units there are always at least two neighboring nodes with an edge label of at most 2 where the node labels are above 5". This paper is a first attempt to infer spatial (graph) temporal logic formulas from data for classification and identification. For classification, we infer a GTL formula that classifies two sets of graph temporal trajectories with minimal misclassification rate. For identification, we infer a GTL formula that is informative and is satisfied by the graph temporal trajectories in the dataset with high probability. The informativeness of a GTL formula is measured by the information gain with respect to given prior knowledge represented by a prior probability distribution. We implement the proposed approach to classify the graph patterns of tensile specimens built from selective laser sintering (SLS) process with varying strengths, and to identify informative spatial-temporal patterns from experimental data of the SLS cooldown process and simulation data of a swarm of robots.
Comprehensive RF safety concept for parallel transmission MR (2014)

This study demonstrates safe scanning in a pTx system. This new safety concept is also applicable for field strengths above 3 T and represents an important step toward safe operation of pTx systems.
0 Effects of Attenuation on Tumor Detection in PET Oncology (2001)

In this work. we studied the effect of attenuation correction on tumor detection in PET oncology through simulation, phantom, and patient studies. Images were reconstructed from attenuated projection data with and without performing attenuation correction (AC and non-AC). The simulation and phantom studies showed that when the ratio of the activity concentration in the tumor to that in the torso background was at a critical value, the tumor was invisible in the non-AC image. Above the critical value, the tumor was visible in both AC and non-AC images, while below the critical value. the tumor appeared as a cold spot in non-AC images. Theoretical explanations of these phenomena were approached through examining the attenuated sinograms and the FBP reconstruction without AC. This work suggests that whole-body PET images should not be reconstructed without attenuation correction.
Intravenous Catheter for Intracorporeal Plasma Filtration (2002)

Future advances in dialysis of end-stage renal disease patients may include improvements in therapeutic continuity and patient mobility. Continuous renal replacement therapies could lead to self-contained, mobile and potentially wearable dialysis units. We investigated an experimental, intravenous slow-continuous plasma separation system (IPSS) as a precursor to direct intravenous hemofiltration. An intracorporeal catheter employs asymmetric hollow fibers to separate blood cells from plasma in vivo. The fibers possess a sieving coefficient of 0.7 microm and remove 99.99% of all platelets. In vivo, catheters sustain an average plasma separation flow rate of 3 ml/min over 22 h, sufficient to remove 2 net liters of water from pigs through an extracorporeal hemofilter. Used catheter fibers are relatively free of protein deposition or clots in situ. In vitro studies suggest that human catheters may perform at 3-4 times the rate of porcine catheters. IPSS is proposed for acute fluid removal in CHF patients refractory to diuretics.
Neural Regulation of Properties of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (1988)

During nerve-muscle synapse formation, acetylcholine receptors become localized and modified to allow efficient transfer of information from nerve to muscle. In this paper we summarize our studies on two aspects of receptor modulation--their concentration at synaptic sites and their ability to desensitize in response to prolonged application of agonist. We demonstrate that receptor localization is a complex event which extensively reorganizes the structure of the junctional region. This allows the subsequent influences of contraction to be exerted differently in junctional and extrajunctional regions. We indicate that increases in muscle cell Ca2+ appear to mediate some of the effects of muscle contraction and suggest how regulation of Ca2+ levels may specify junctional and extrajunctional differences. Finally, we discuss the role of receptor phosphorylation in determining the rate of desensitization.
Comprehensive standardized data definitions for acute coronary syndrome research in emergency departments in Australasia (2010)

Patients with chest discomfort or other symptoms suggestive of acute coronary syndrome are one of the most common categories seen in many Emergency Departments (EDs). Although the recognition of patients at high risk of acute coronary syndrome has improved steadily, identifying the majority of chest pain presentations who fall into the low-risk group remains a challenge. Research in this area needs to be transparent, robust, applicable to all hospitals from large tertiary centres to rural and remote sites, and to allow direct comparison between different studies with minimum patient spectrum bias. A standardized approach to the research framework using a common language for data definitions must be adopted to achieve this. The aim was to create a common framework for a standardized data definitions set that would allow maximum value when extrapolating research findings both within Australasian ED practice, and across similar populations worldwide. Therefore a comprehensive data definitions set for the investigation of non-traumatic chest pain patients with possible acute coronary syndrome was developed, specifically for use in the ED setting. This standardized data definitions set will facilitate 'knowledge translation' by allowing extrapolation of useful findings into the real-life practice of emergency medicine.
Transgenic Mice With Increased Copper/Zinc–Superoxide Dismutase Activity Are Resistant to Hepatic Leukostasis and Capillary No-Reflow After Gut Ischemia/Reperfusion (1998)

The objectives of this study were to (1) determine whether transgenic (Tg) mice overexpressing copper/zinc-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) are protected from the deleterious effects of gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and (2) compare the effectiveness of Tg SOD overexpression in attenuating I/R injury to intravascularly administered CuZn-SOD or manganese (Mn)-SOD. The accumulation of fluorescently labeled leukocytes and number of nonperfused sinusoids were monitored by intravital microscopy in livers of wild-type mice (C57BL/6), CuZn-SOD Tg mice, and wild-type mice receiving either CuZn-SOD or Mn-SOD. All parameters were measured for 1 hour after release of the occluded (for 15 minutes) superior mesenteric artery. Gut I/R in wild-type mice led to an increased number of stationary leukocytes, while reducing the number of perfused sinusoids (capillary no-reflow). All of these responses were significantly blunted in CuZn-SOD Tg mice, with a corresponding attenuation of liver enzyme release into plasma. Exogenously administered SOD had little or no effect on gut I/R-induced leukostasis or capillary no-reflow in the liver. These observations suggest a role for superoxide in gut I/R-induced leukostasis and hypoxic stress in the liver. Furthermore, the findings suggest that cellular localization of SOD activity is an important determinant of the protective actions of this enzyme in experimental models of I/R injury.
<title>High-density optical disk system using a solid immersion lens</title> (1995)

A solid immersion lens (SIL) attached to a conventional objective could multiply the effective numerical aperture of an optical pick-up by a factor of refractive index n. A truncated hemispherical SIL (n equals 1.5) mounted on a slider, which was designed to follow the movement of the objective, kept good contact between the SIL and a disk substrate with a slight amount of air gap. Our simple configuration enabled the use of this method in an unsealed environment and extended the spatial cut-off frequency by 1.5 times. In addition, the combination with a second-harmonic generation green laser yielded high areal density optical data storage, six times that of current CD systems.
Synchronously-pumped microring resonator for efficient optical comb generation (2016)

Synchronous pumping of microring resonators is proposed for power-efficient optical comb generation. It is shown that the average power requirement is reduced by the duty cycle of the pulse, when compared with the continuous-wave case.
Forced Convective Heat Transfer from a Rotating Drum with Fin Array : Consideration on the Similarity with Flow in a Rectangular Channel (2003)

A study on forced convective heat transfer from a rotating drum with fin array to air is performed to improve the heat removal performance from the ECB retarder. Based on a hypothesis that the heat transfer mechanism consists of the cavity flow over the fin tops and the channel flow passing through the fins, the data obtained in the previous report for the rectangular channel flow, which was made by closing the top side of the channel with aluminum tape, are correlated with taking the similarity with the 'usual' channel flow ito account. Finally a semi-empirical equation of the rectangular channel flow for this system is proposed.