gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of defects and dopants in zinc oxide nanotubes for gas sensing and energy storage applications (2020)

Spin-polarized density functional theory (DFT) is employed to study the adsorption of H2 gas molecules on zinc oxide nanotubes (ZnO-NTs) with intrinsic defects (oxygen and zinc vacancies) and dopants (Pd and Pt). Results indicate that defects lead to a strong chemisorption process, associated with strong splitting of the H2 molecule, rendering an irreversible process; that is, desorption is not possible. Such strong chemisorption process results in large adsorption energy and charge transfer between the defective-ZnO-NTs and H2 molecules. On the other hand, a weaker chemisorption process, associated with weak splitting of H2 molecule, takes place in the case of Pd or Pt dopants. The chemisorption of H2 on defective sites and dopants changes the energy gap to a large extent, resulting in major changes in the electrical conductivity of the ZnO-NTs and consequently revealing their relevance for gas sensing applications with an enhancement of sensor response. From a different perspective, Pd ought to be a good dopant for ZnO-NT based hydrogen storage material as it weakens the adsorption strength between H2 and ZnO-NT.
DNA methylation patterns in hereditary human cancers mimic sporadic tumorigenesis (2001)

Cancer cells have aberrant patterns of DNA methylation including hypermethylation of gene promoter CpG islands and global demethylation of the genome. Genes that cause familial cancer, as well as other genes, can be silenced by promoter hypermethylation in sporadic tumors, but the methylation of these genes in tumors from kindreds with inherited cancer syndromes has not been well characterized. Here, we examine CpG island methylation of 10 genes (hMLH1, BRCA1, APC, LKB1, CDH1, p16(INK4a), p14(ARF), MGMT, GSTP1 and RARbeta2) and 5-methylcytosine DNA content, in inherited (n = 342) and non-inherited (n = 215) breast and colorectal cancers. Our results show that singly retained alleles of germline mutated genes are never hypermethylated in inherited tumors. However, this epigenetic change is a frequent second "hit", associated with the wild-type copy of these genes in inherited tumors where both alleles are retained. Global hypomethylation was similar between sporadic and hereditary cases, but distinct differences existed in patterns of methylation at non-familial genes. This study demonstrates that hereditary cancers "mimic" the DNA methylation patterns present in the sporadic tumors.
SmartMocap: Joint Estimation of Human and Camera Motion using Uncalibrated RGB Cameras (2022)

Markerless human motion capture (mocap) from multiple RGB cameras is a widely studied problem. Existing methods either need calibrated cameras or calibrate them relative to a static camera, which acts as the reference frame for the mocap system. The calibration step has to be done a priori for every capture session, which is a tedious process, and re-calibration is required whenever cameras are intentionally or accidentally moved. In this paper, we propose a mocap method which uses multiple static and moving extrinsically uncalibrated RGB cameras. The key components of our method are as follows. First, since the cameras and the subject can move freely, we select the ground plane as a common reference to represent both the body and the camera motions unlike existing methods which represent bodies in the camera coordinate. Second, we learn a probability distribution of short human motion sequences ($\sim$1sec) relative to the ground plane and leverage it to disambiguate between the camera and human motion. Third, we use this distribution as a motion prior in a novel multi-stage optimization approach to fit the SMPL human body model and the camera poses to the human body keypoints on the images. Finally, we show that our method can work on a variety of datasets ranging from aerial cameras to smartphones. It also gives more accurate results compared to the state-of-the-art on the task of monocular human mocap with a static camera. Our code is available for research purposes on https://github.com/robot-perception-group/SmartMocap.
High levels of human epididymis protein 4 mRNA and protein expression are associated with chemoresistance and a poor prognosis in pancreatic cancer (2020)

Pancreatic cancer is associated with an exceedingly poor prognosis, warranting the development of novel therapeutic strategies and discovery of prognostic predictors. Given that chemoresistance‑related molecules are reportedly associated with the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer, the present study aimed to identify molecules that could be efficacious therapeutic targets for pancreatic cancer. First, 10 patient‑derived xenografts (PDXs) were established from patients with pancreatic cancer. Subsequently, after treating tumor tissue generated from the PDXs with standard drugs, next‑generation sequencing (NGS) was performed using these tissues. The results of NGS analysis and immunohistochemical analysis on 80 pancreatic cancer tissues revealed that human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) expression in the anticancer drug‑treated PDX group was higher than that in the untreated PDXs. In addition, chemoresistance ability was observed in tumor cell lines overexpressing HE4. Furthermore, Kaplan‑Meier analysis of tumor tissues from 80 patients with pancreatic cancer was performed and it was found that patients with a high HE4 expression level had a poor survival rate compared with those who had a low HE4 expression level. Multivariate analysis also indicated the high expression level of HE4 was an independent poor prognostic biomarker. Thus, it was concluded that high gene and protein expression levels of HE4 mediate chemoresistance and are independent prognostic factors for pancreatic cancer.
Higgs Factory and 100 TeV Hadron Collider: Opportunity for a New World Laboratory within a Decade (2014)

Suggestions have been made for a 80-100 km circumference Future Circular Collider (FCC) that could ultimately contain a circular e+e- ring collider operating as a Higgs Factory as well as a 100 TeV hadron collider. Those suggestions have motivated us to propose an approach in which the project is sited at the location at the SSC tunnel, which has the lowest tunnel cost ever. The low tunnel cost would make it cost-effective to locate the 100 TeV Hadron Collider in a 270 km circumference tunne, using 4.5 Tesla superconducting magnets. The SSC tunnel itself would be used to house the Higgs Factory and the injector for the Hadron Collider. The injector for the Higgs Factory would be also used as a driver for an X-ray Free Electron Laser with unique capabilities for protein crystallography. The location of the project at a location with favorable geotechnology for minimum-cost tunneling, and low-cost/low-risk technology for the SRF and superconducting magnets, open the possibility to build the proposed laboratory within a decade.
13C and 1H NMR Study of Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) Isolated from the Surface of Wheat Starch Granules (2002)

Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) has been isolated from the surface of starch granules by extraction and subsequent chromatographic purification. The purified extract was examined by mono and bidimensional 1 H and 13 C NMR and identified as LPC. The NMR information also allowed the assignment of the length and nature of the acyl chains (18—20 carbon atoms, saturated).
Tunable microstrip filter element using magnetically‐repositioned ferrofluid load (2017)

A microstrip filter element that is tunable through magnetic repositioning of a ferrofluid load is presented. A channel beneath the microstrip stub is partially filled with ferrofluid which moves in response to a DC bias field placed beneath the ground plane, resulting in a changing impedance and propagation constant for the stub section and tuning of the filter element. Benefits of this tuning method include electrical isolation between the tuning system and the filter element, retention of the device's operating mode without the need for a power source, and microfluidic reconfiguration without a pumping system.
Value of Information in Feedback Control: Quantification (2021)

Although transmission of a data packet containing sensory information in a networked control system improves the quality of regulation, it has indeed a price from the communication perspective. It is, therefore, rational that such a data packet be transmitted only if it is valuable in the sense of a cost-benefit analysis. Yet, the fact is that little is known so far about this valuation of information and its connection with traditional event-triggered communication. In the present article, we study this intrinsic property of networked control systems by formulating a rate-regulation trade-off between the packet rate and the regulation cost with an event trigger and a controller as two distributed decision makers, and show that the valuation of information is conceivable and quantifiable grounded on this trade-off. In particular, we characterize an equilibrium in the rate-regulation trade-off, and quantify the value of information <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rm{VoI}}_k$</tex-math></inline-formula> there as the variation in a so-called value function with respect to a piece of sensory information that can be communicated to the controller at each time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> . We prove that, for a multi-dimensional Gauss--Markov process, <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rm{VoI}}_k$</tex-math></inline-formula> is a symmetric function of the discrepancy between the state estimates at the event trigger and the controller, and that a data packet containing sensory information at time <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$k$</tex-math></inline-formula> should be transmitted to the controller only if <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rm{VoI}}_k$</tex-math></inline-formula> is nonnegative. Moreover, we discuss that <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rm{VoI}}_k$</tex-math></inline-formula> can be computed with arbitrary accuracy, and that it can be approximated by a closed-form quadratic function with a performance guarantee.
Joint M-Best-Diverse Labelings as a Parametric Submodular Minimization (2016)

We consider the problem of jointly inferring the M-best diverse labelings for a binary (high-order) submodular energy of a graphical model. Recently, it was shown that this problem can be solved to a global optimum, for many practically interesting diversity measures. It was noted that the labelings are, so-called, nested. This nestedness property also holds for labelings of a class of parametric submodular minimization problems, where different values of the global parameter $γ$ give rise to different solutions. The popular example of the parametric submodular minimization is the monotonic parametric max-flow problem, which is also widely used for computing multiple labelings. As the main contribution of this work we establish a close relationship between diversity with submodular energies and the parametric submodular minimization. In particular, the joint M-best diverse labelings can be obtained by running a non-parametric submodular minimization (in the special case - max-flow) solver for M different values of $γ$ in parallel, for certain diversity measures. Importantly, the values for $γ$ can be computed in a closed form in advance, prior to any optimization. These theoretical results suggest two simple yet efficient algorithms for the joint M-best diverse problem, which outperform competitors in terms of runtime and quality of results. In particular, as we show in the paper, the new methods compute the exact M-best diverse labelings faster than a popular method of Batra et al., which in some sense only obtains approximate solutions.
Two independent modes of kidney stone suppression achieved by AIM/CD5L and KIM-1 (2022)

The prevalence of kidney stones is increasing and its recurrence rate within the first 5 years is over 50%. No treatments that prevent the occurrence/recurrence of stones have reached the clinic. Here, we show that AIM (also called CD5L) suppresses stone development and improves stone-associated physical damages. The N-terminal domain of AIM associates with calcium oxalate crystals via charge-based interaction to impede the development of stones, whereas the 2nd and C-terminal domains capture the inflammatory DAMPs to promote their phagocytic removal. Accordingly, when stones were induced by glyoxylate in mice, recombinant AIM (rAIM) injection dramatically reduced stone development. Expression of injury molecules and inflammatory cytokines in the kidney and overall renal dysfunction were abrogated by rAIM. Among various negatively charged substances, rAIM was most effective in stone prevention due to its high binding affinity to crystals. Furthermore, only AIM was effective in improving the physical complaints including bodyweight-loss through its DAMPs removal effect. We also found that tubular KIM-1 may remove developed stones. Our results could be the basis for the development of a comprehensive therapy against kidney stone disease.
Nanofabrication with a Novel EB System with a Large and Stable Beam Current (1996)

We describe nanofabrication using a novel electron beam (EB) system that has a large and stable beam current, combined with high resolution resists. This system has a low aberration objective lens and a Zr/O/W cathode that provides a probe current of 1.2 nA. By detecting Si-groove marks, the system achieves high overlay accuracy of within 10 nm ( mean+3σ) over large areas. We have realized resist nanofabrication down to 10 nm with small nano edge roughness. By introducing a hard mask consisting of a thin (25 nm) SiO 2 layer, we have also obtained a poly-Si gate structure of 30 nm on a thin (4 nm) gate oxide.
Block Copolymers by Transformation of Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerization into Controlled/“Living” Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (1997)

A general method of transformation of living ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) into controlled/“living” atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is reported for the preparation of block copolymers. For example, the macroinitiators PNB−C6H4−CH2Br (Mn = 30 520, Mw/Mn = 1.09) or PDCPD−C6H4−CH2Br (Mn = 12 100, Mw/Mn = 1.24) were prepared by ROMP of norbornene (NB) or dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) and subsequent Wittig-like reactions with p-(bromomethyl)benzaldehyde. These compounds were used as efficient macroinitiators for homogeneous controlled/“living” ATRP to prepare block copolymers with styrene (St), PNB-b-PSt (Mn = 110 400, Mw/Mn = 1.06) and PDCPD-b-PSt (Mn = 20 100, Mw/Mn = 1.37), and methyl acrylate (MA), PNB-b-PMA (Mn = 85 100, Mw/Mn = 1.07) and PDCPD-b-PMA (Mn = 25 300, Mw/Mn = 1.47).
Self-oscillating chaos generator using CMOS multivibrator (2002)

A self-oscillating chaos generator was presented based on the CMOS multivibrator. Its chaotic behavior was ascertained through the SPICE simulation and the measurement on the circuit board, with the perspectives to the implementation in the 1.5 /spl mu/m CMOS LSI chips.
Optimization of Probability Distributions for Residual Coding of Screen Content (2021)

Probability distribution modeling is the basis for most competitive methods for lossless coding of screen content. One such state-of-the-art method is known as soft context formation (SCF). For each pixel to be encoded, a probability distribution is estimated based on the neighboring pattern and the occurrence of that pattern in the already encoded image. Using an arithmetic coder, the pixel color can thus be encoded very efficiently, provided that the current color has been observed before in association with a similar pattern. If this is not the case, the color is instead encoded using a color palette or, if it is still unknown, via residual coding. Both palette-based coding and residual coding have significantly worse compression efficiency than coding based on soft context formation. In this paper, the residual coding stage is improved by adaptively trimming the probability distributions for the residual error. Furthermore, an enhanced probability modeling for indicating a new color depending on the occurrence of new colors in the neighborhood is proposed. These modifications result in a bitrate reduction of up to 2.9 % on average. Compared to HEVC (HM-16.21 + SCM-8.8) and FLIF, the improved SCF method saves on average about 11 % and 18 % rate, respectively.
Efficient Visual Pretraining with Contrastive Detection (2021)

Self-supervised pretraining has been shown to yield powerful representations for transfer learning. These performance gains come at a large computational cost however, with state-of-the-art methods requiring an order of magnitude more computation than supervised pretraining. We tackle this computational bottleneck by introducing a new self-supervised objective, contrastive detection, which tasks representations with identifying object-level features across augmentations. This objective extracts a rich learning signal per image, leading to state-of-the-art transfer accuracy on a variety of downstream tasks, while requiring up to 10x less pretraining. In particular, our strongest ImageNet-pretrained model performs on par with SEER, one of the largest self-supervised systems to date, which uses 1000x more pretraining data. Finally, our objective seamlessly handles pretraining on more complex images such as those in COCO, closing the gap with supervised transfer learning from COCO to PASCAL.
Comparison of haemodynamic effects of oral prazosin, oral hydralazine, and intravenous nitroprusside in same patients with chronic heart failure. (1979)

The haemodynamic effects of oral prazosin and hydralazine were evaluated in patients with refractory heart failure and compared with those of intravenous nitroprusside in the same patients. Both oral agents were well tolerated and appeared to have beneficial haemodynamic effects. Prazosin and hydralazine produced similar increases in cardiac output associated with a similar decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Prazosin and hydralazine produced similar increases in cardiac output associated with a similar decrease in systemic vascular resistance. Prazosin resulted in a more significant decline in left ventricular filling pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance than did hydralazine. Haemodynamic alterations induced by prazosin were similar to those induced by nitroprusside, which suggests a relatively balanced reduction of preload and afterload. With hydralazine, the increase in cardiac output without change in left ventricular filling pressure or pulmonary vascular resistance suggests minimal effect on preload but significant reduction in afterload.
An Ultra Low Power SoC for 2.4GHz IEEE802.15.4 wireless communications (2008)

An ultra-low power (ULP) SoC including an IEEE802.15.4 2.4 GHz transceiver designed in 130 nm CMOS technology is presented. Power consumption was minimized by using a concurrent system and design optimization to avoid the over-specification of blocks. A novel minimum complexity partial correlation algorithm is used in the digital baseband receiver and drains an average of 4802 A (packet PSDU=20 bytes). At 1.2 V, the transceiver drains 5.4 mW and 8.1 mW in RX and TX active modes, respectively, and achieves 1% PER for a -81 dBm input power. For a 250 kbit/s data rate, the transceiver attains an energy efficiency of 21.5 nJ/bit RX and 32.5 nJ/bit TX.
Experimental determination of sound and high-speed flow interaction (1976)

A facility that was used to measure the interaction of flow with sound at high Mach numbers is described. Four inlets with different area variations (or axial gradients) were tested. Sound of selected frequencies and modes (0,0), (1,0), (2,0) was generated with eight circumferential acoustic drivers.
Concurrent Oral 1 - Therapy of rheumatic disease: OP4. Effectiveness of Rituximab in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the British Society for Rheumatology Biologics Register (BSRBR) (2011)

Background: Rituximab (RTX) in combination with methotrexate (MTX) has been licensed since 2006 for the management of severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in patients who have failed at least one anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy. Published clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy of RTX in improving both clinical symptoms and patients' physical function. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of RTX in RA patients treated in routine clinical practice by examining clinical and patient reported outcomes six months after receiving a first course of RTX. Methods: The analysis involved 550 RA patients registered with the BSRBR, who were starting RTX and were followed up for at least 6 months. Change in Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) response were used to assess the clinical response while change in Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) score was used to assess the physical function of the patients 6 months after starting RTX. The change in DAS28 and HAQ was compared between seronegative and seropositive patients and anti-TNF na ve patients versus anti-TNF failures. The response was also compared between patients receiving RTX in combination with MTX, other non-biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (nbDMARDs) or no nbDMARDs. Results: The mean (S.D.) age of the cohort was 59 (12) years and 78% of the patients were females. The patients had a mean (S.D.) of 15 (10) years of disease duration. 16% were biologic na ve while 84% were anti-TNF failures. 32% of the patients were seronegative and 68% were seropositive. The mean (95% CI) DAS28 at baseline was 6.2 (6.1, 6.3) which decreased to 4.8 (4.7, 4.9) at 6 months of follow up. 16% were EULAR good responders, 43% were moderate responders and 41% were non responders. The mean (95% CI) change in HAQ was 0.1 (0.2, 0.1) (Table The mean change in DAS28 was similar in seropositive and seronegative patients (p 0.18) while the anti-TNF na ve patients showed a greater reduction in DAS28 scores than anti-TNF failures (p 0.05). Patients receiving RTX in combination with MTX showed similar changes in DAS28 and HAQ compared to patients receiving RTX alone or with other nbDMARDs. Conclusions: RTX has proven to be effective in the routine clinical practice. Anti-TNF na ve patients seem to benefit more from RTX treatment than anti-TNF failures.
Guest Editorial [Special issue on the 2013 International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC)] (2014)

The sixteen articles in this special section were presented at the 2013 International Superconductive Electronics Conference (ISEC). The 14th ISEC (ISEC 2013) was held in Cambridge, MA, USA, from July 7-11, 2013. For the first time, ISEC was held as an IEEE conference, sponsored by the IEEE Council on Superconductivity. ISEC 2013 covered rapidly developing areas, including SQUIDs, SQUID array circuits and systems, mixed-signal circuits, energy-efficient digital electronics, memory, quantum information processing, detectors, metamaterials, superconducting spintronics, and novel devices.