gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anisotropy in creep properties of DS200 + Hf alloy (2016)

The directionally solidified Ni-based superalloy DS200 + Hf is used in aero-engines and industrial gas turbines for the manufacturing of intermediate and low-pressure turbine blades. This material consists of ~<0 0 1> columnar grains oriented along the solidification direction and with random secondary orientations. In this study, the creep behaviour of the DS200 + Hf alloy has been investigated along longitudinal and transverse directions. The main objective was to investigate the durability of this alloy and the damage mechanisms for four different crystalline microstructures: DS200 + Hf composed of fine grains loaded longitudinally, the same alloy composed of coarse grains or fine grains, loaded transversally to the solidification direction and finally, the single crystal version, Mar-M200 + Hf, loaded along a <0 0 1> crystallographic orientation. Creep tests were performed from 750°C up to 1100°C. Under all conditions, a pronounced decrease in the strain to failure is observed for specimens loaded along the transverse direction compared to specimens tested along longitudinal direction or single crystals. Fracture surface observations revealed that the lower creep ductility along such a loading direction results from an intergranular failure mode. Furthermore, the creep life anisotropy significantly decreases when temperature increases. Additional creep experiments under vacuum at 900°C and experiments using single crystalline specimens far away from the <0 0 1> crystallographic orientation show a prominent damaging role of oxidation at very high temperature and a major contribution of the local crystallography at low temperatures. In addition, the grain size effect observed when testing in the transverse direction only results from the grain boundary oxidation.
Time-of-flight positron imaging and the resolution improvement by an iterative method (1989)

A simple time-of-flight (TOF) positron imaging method is proposed in which the spatial resolution obtained with TOF information is improved by a novel iterative algorithm. The prototype has a pair of opposed detectors using BaF/sub 2/ (2*2*2 cm/sup 3/) and photomultiplier tubes (18.5-mm diameter). The measured TOF resolution full width at half maximum was 330 ps, which corresponds to 5.0 cm of spatial resolution for source localization between the detectors. Eight iterations with the algorithm improve the spatial resolution by a factor of about two for a point source. The algorithm is based on modifications of a Bayesian deconvolution algorithm. For more complex sources, it takes more iterations (e.g. 80); however the algorithm is about five times faster than the original Bayesian algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Data on administration of cyclosporine, nicorandil, metoprolol on reperfusion related outcomes in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (2017)

Mortality and morbidity in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are still high [1]. A huge amount of the myocardial damage is related to the mitochondrial events happening during reperfusion [2]. Several drugs directly and indirectly targeting mitochondria have been administered at the time of the PCI and their effect on fatal (all-cause mortality, cardiovascular (CV) death) and non fatal (hospital readmission for heart failure (HF)) outcomes have been tested showing conflicting results [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. Data from 15 trials have been pooled with the aim to analyze the effect of drug administration versus placebo on outcome [17]. Subgroup analysis are here analyzed: considering only randomized clinical trial (RCT) on cyclosporine or nicorandil [3], [4], [5], [9], [10], [11], excluding a trial on metoprolol [12] and comparing trial with follow-up length <12 months versus those with longer follow-up [3], [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [9], [10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], [16]. This article describes data related article titled "Clinical Benefit of Drugs Targeting Mitochondrial Function as an Adjunct to Reperfusion in ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction: a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials" [17].
Compensated Interferometry Measures of CYFRA 21–1 Improve Diagnosis of Lung Cancer (2019)

Diagnosis of lung cancer patients with indeterminate pulmonary nodules (IPNs) presents a significant clinical challenge, with morbidity and management costs of $28 billion/year. We show that a quantitative free-solution assay (FSA), coupled with a compensated interferometric reader (CIR), improves the diagnostic performance of CYFRA 21-1 as a lung cancer biomarker. FSA-CIR is a rapid, mix-and-read, isothermal, label- and enzyme-free, matrix-insensitive, and target and probe-agnostic assay. Operating FSA-CIR at ∼40, 0.75 μL samples/day delivered a serum CYFRA 21-1 limit of quantification (LOQ) of 81 pg/mL with intra-assay and interassay CVs of 4.9% and 9.6% for four-day replicate determinations. Blinded analysis of a 225 patient cohort, consisting of 75 nonmalignant nodules, 45 adenocarcinomas, 44 squamous cell carcinomas, and 61 small cell lung cancers, gave a clear separation of cases and controls, not observed in the Cobas ECL analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) for the Mayo model increased from 0.595 to 0.923 when combined with the FSA-CIR CYFRA 21-1 measurements. In a population with nodules between 6 and 30 mm, the AUC increased from 0.567 to 0.943. In this subgroup, the positive predictive value (PPV) for all tumors by the CYFRA 21-1 assay was 98.7%. Our results demonstrate increased performance of the CYFRA 21-1 assay using FSA-CIR and represents a proof of concept for redefining the performance characteristics of this important candidate biomarker.
Efficiency-Oriented Optimal Design of the LLC Resonant Converter Based on Peak Gain Placement (2012)

The LLC resonant converter topology is widely used in dc-dc converter applications due to its advantages in achieving high efficiency and high power density. However, due to the complexity in the analysis, the converter lacks a clear design guideline on the selection of resonant tank parameters. In this paper, an optimization method is developed based on the operation mode analysis and peak gain placement. Following this approach, the converter can minimize the conduction loss while maintaining the required gain range. A 400-W, 400-V output and 25-38 V input LLC converter is built using the proposed method, which achieves above 98% peak efficiency. As a comparison, the conventional searching method is used to reselect the LLC parameters for the same specifications, and the experimental results show that the optimal design has better performance.
[Complexation Between Copper(Ⅱ) and Colored Dissolved Organic Matter from Municipal Solid Waste Landfill]. (2017)

In order to elucidate the evolution mechanism of heavy metal species in landfill cells, three-dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEM), fluorescence quenching titration and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were employed to study the complexation process between Cu(Ⅱ) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) from landfill with different ages. The experimental results indicated that the landfilled CDOM comprised protein-like, humic-like and fuvic-like matter. The relative content of protein-like matter decreased during the landfill process, whereas the humic-like and fuvic-like matter increased during the process. The range of the conditional stability constants and the percentage of fluorophores participated the complextion between Cu(Ⅱ) and protein-like matter with different ages were 4.00-5.75 and 22.78%-95.30%, respectively. Those parameters changed slightly for humic-like matter with different ages, which ranged from 4.71 to 5.54 and from 42.35% to 61.46%, respectively. As regard to fulvic-like matter, those parameters were 4.44-5.25 and 46.14%-57.22%, respectively. The complexation ability of humic-like substances with Cu(Ⅱ) decreased during the landfill process, though the percentage of fluorophores participated the complexation increased. The complexation ability of humic-like substances with Cu(Ⅱ) was stronger than that of fulvic-like matter, though the percentage of fluorophores participated the complexation in humic-like matter was low compared with fulvic-like matter.
Proceedings of the Second Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (2007)

The ACL 2007 Workshop on Statistical Machine Translation (WMT-07) took place on Saturday, June 23 in Prague, Czech Republic, immediately preceding the annual meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, which was hosted by Charles University. This was the second time this workshop had been held, following the first workshop at the 2006 HLT-NAACL conference. But its ancestry can be traced back farther to the ACL 2005 Workshop on Building and Using Parallel Texts (when we started our evaluation campaign on European languages), and even the ACL 2001 Workshop on Data-Driven Machine Translation (which was the first ACL workshop mostly directed at statistical machine translation).

Over the last years, interest in statistical machine translation has been risen dramatically. We received an overwhelming number of full paper submission for a one-day workshop, 38 in total. Given our limited capacity, we were only able to accept 12 full papers for oral presentation and 9 papers for poster presentation, an acceptance rate of 55%. In a second poster session, 16 additional shared task papers were presented. The workshop also featured an invited talk by Jean Senellart of SYSTRAN Language Translation Technology, Paris.

Prior to the workshop, in addition to soliciting relevant papers for review and possible presentation we conducted a shared task that brought together machine translation systems for an evaluation on previously unseen data. This year's task resembled the shared tasks of previous years in many ways. Its focus was again the translation of European languages, using a relatively large training corpus. This year, we included a variety of manual evaluations of the MT systems' outputs, and a variety of automated evaluation metrics. Also, as a special challenge this year, we posed the problem of domain adaptation.

The results of the shared task were announced at the workshop, and these proceedings also include an overview paper for the shared task that summarizes the results, as well as provides information about the data used and any procedures that were followed in conducting or scoring the task. In addition, there are short papers from each participating team that describe their underlying system in some detail.
Digging into GPS Integrity Charting the Evolution of Signal-in-Space Performance by Data Mining 400,000,000 Navigation Messages (2011)

noisymeasureofthegeometricrangebetweenthereceiverandthesatellite.� Aftercorrectingforsatelliteephemerisandsatelliteclockerrors�(theprimary� so-calledsignal-in-spaceerrors),�receiverclockerrors,�andatmosphericeffects,� wecangetanestimateofthegeometricrange.�Howwellweaccountforthese� errorsorbiases,�willdeterminetheaccuracyofthecorrectedpseudorange� measurementandultimately,�theaccuracyofaderivedposition.�� Anavigationsystem'savailabilityrefersto� itsabilitytoprovidetherequiredfunction� andperformancewithinthespecified� coverageareaatthestartofanintended� operation.�Inmanycases,�systemavailability� impliessignalavailability,�whichisexpressed� asthepercentageoftimethatthesystem's� transmittedsignalsareaccessiblefor� use.�Inadditiontotransmittercapability,� environmentalfactorssuchassignal� attenuationorblockageorthepresenceof� interferingsignalsmightaffectavailability. Ideally,�anynavigationsystemshouldbe� continuouslyavailabletousers.�But,�because� ofscheduledmaintenanceorunpredictableoutages,�aparticularsystemmay� beunavailableatacertaintime.�Continuity,�accordingly,�istheabilityofa� navigationsystemtofunctionwithoutinterruptionduringanintendedperiod� ofoperation.�Morespecifically,�itindicatestheprobabilitythatthesystem� willmaintainitsspecifiedperformancelevelforthedurationofanoperation,� presumingsystemavailabilityatthebeginningofthatprocess. Theintegrityofanavigationsystemreferstoitstrustworthiness.�Asystem� mightbeavailableatthestartofanoperation,�andwemightpredictits� continuityatanadvertisedaccuracyduringtheoperation. Butwhatifsomethingunexpectedlygoeswrong?�Ifsomesystemanomaly� resultsinunacceptablenavigationaccuracy,�thesystemshoulddetectthis� andwarntheuser.�Integritycharacterizesanavigationsystem'sabilityto� providethistimelywarningwhenitfailstomeetitsstatedaccuracy.�Ifitdoes� not,�wehaveanintegrityfailureandthepossibilityofconveyinghazardously� misleadinginformation.�GPShasbuiltintoitvariouschecksandbalances� toensureafairlyhighlevelofintegrity.�However,�GPSintegrityfailureshave� occasionallyoccurred. Inthismonth'scolumnwetakealookatoneparticularaspectofGPS� integrity:�thatofthesignalinspaceandfindouthowtrustworthyisthesatellite� ephemerisandclockinformationinthebroadcastnavigationmessage.� Integrity refers to
Synthesis and characterization of an oligonucleotide containing a carcinogen-modified base: O6-methylguanine (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and characterization of an oligonucleotide containing a carcinogen-modified base: O6-methylguanineKerry W. Fowler, George Buechi, and John M. EssigmannCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4, 1050–1054Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00368a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00368a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views129Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Parallel Multiscale Linear Solver for Highly Detailed Reservoir Models (2016)

Summary To realize the potential of the latest high-performance computing (HPC) architectures for reservoir simulation, scalable linear solvers are necessary. We describe a parallel algebraic multiscale solver (AMS) for the pressure equation of heterogeneous reservoir models. AMS is a two-level algorithm that uses domain decomposition with a localization assumption. In AMS, basis functions, which are local (subdomain) solutions computed during the setup phase, are used to construct the coarse-scale system and grid-transfer operators between the fine and coarse levels. The solution phase is composed of two stages: global and local. The global stage involves solving the coarse-scale system and interpolating the solution to the fine grid. The local stage involves application of a smoother on the fine-scale approximation. The design and implementation of a scalable AMS on multicore and many-core architectures, including the decomposition, memory allocation, data flow, and compute kernels, are described in detail. These adaptations are necessary to obtain good scalability on state-of-the-art HPC systems. The specific methods and parameters, such as the coarsening ratio (Cr), basis-function solver, and relaxation scheme, have significant effects on the asymptotic convergence rate and parallel computational efficiency. The balance between convergence rate and parallel efficiency as a function of Cr and the local stage parameters is analyzed in detail. The performance of AMS is demonstrated using heterogeneous 3D reservoir models, including geostatistically generated fields and models derived from SPE10 (Christie and Blunt 2001). The problems range in size from several million to 128 million cells. AMS shows excellent behavior for handling fixed-size problems as a function of the number of cores (so-called strong scaling). Specifically, for a 128-million-cell problem, a ninefold speedup is obtained on a single-node 12-core shared-memory architecture (dual-socket multicore Intel Xeon E5-2620-v2), and more than 12-fold on a single-node 20-core shared-memory architecture (dual-socket multicore Intel Xeon E5-2690-v2). These are encouraging results given the limited memory bandwidth that cores can share within a single node, which tends to be the major bottleneck for truly scalable solvers. We also compare the robustness and performance of our method with the parallel system algebraic mutligrid (SAMG) solver (Stüben 2012) from Fraunhofer SCAI.
Efficient Out-of-Core Algorithms for Linear Relaxation Using Blocking Covers (Extended Abstract) (1993)

An increase of non-esterifled fatty acid leads to a pronounced inhibition of net hepatic glycogen breakdown and increases gluconeogenesis whereas glucose production does not differ from the control condition. We suggest that this effect is not due to increased availability of glycerol alone but rather to lipid-dependent control of hepatic glycogen stores.
Targeting Breast Cancer Vasculature (2004)

Abstract : The main problems with current cancer therapies, including those for breast cancer, are that they are only partially effective and highly toxic. We work on a strategy that enhances the efficacy of anti-tumor therapies, while simultaneously decreasing the side effects. Our target is the vasculature of tumors. Tumor cells depend on blood supply and the tumor vasculature is accessible through the blood stream. An added advantage is that the vasculature is composed of normal cell, which are unlikely to develop resistance to treatments. We identify tumor-specific vascular markers by screening phage-displayed peptide libraries in mice bearing breast cancer xenografts or endogenous transgenic breast cancers. When the libraries are intravenously injected into the mice, the phage that have specific affinity for tumor vasculature home to the tumors. These peptides can then be used to carry drugs and other therapeutics into tumors. The receptors for the peptides are potential drug targets. During the past year, the main findings are: (1) The discovery of a novel protein, which we have named metadherin, as a breast cancer cell surface protein that mediates the binding of the tumor cells to the lung vasculature, facilitating metastasis. (2) The identification of cell surface nucleolin as the receptor for a previously identified tumor-homing peptide, and (3) the as yet unpublished observation that antibodies to nucleolin have an anti-angiogenic activity in vitro and in vivo. These finding 5 ma lead to new ways 5 of combating metastasis and inhibiting tumor growth.
A 128×128-Pixel Artificial Retina LSI with Two-Dimensional Filtering Functions (1999)

Our artificial retina LSI executes image convolution on the focal plane with programmable 5×5 kernels consisting of the weight values of +1, 0 and -1 for each element. This function is realized by simultaneous access to 5×5 pixels, and by employing interpixel current-mode calculations. Each pixel of the fabricated 128×128-pixel artificial retina LSI is 60×60 µm 2 with a 14.5% fill factor in a 0.8 µm complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process. We demonstrate image capture with some kernel patterns representing normal image sensing, edge extraction, edge enhancement and orientation extraction.
Hollow Carbon-Nanotube/Carbon-Nanofiber Hybrid Anodes for Li-Ion Batteries (2013)

By a novel in situ chemical vapor deposition, activated N-doped hollow carbon-nanotube/carbon-nanofiber composites are prepared having a superhigh specific Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of 1840 m(2) g(–1) and a total pore volume of 1.21 m(3) g(–1). As an anode, this material has a reversible capacity of ~1150 mAh g(–1) at 0.1 A g(–1) (0.27 C) after 70 cycles. At 8 A g(–1) (21.5 C), a capacity of ~320 mAh g(–1) fades less than 20% after 3500 cycles, which makes it a superior anode material for a Li-ion battery.
CaReMoOC: Capacity, Reserve, Movement Objectives, and Compensation. A New Framework to Describe Mechanisms of Movement Limitations, Demonstrated for Ageing (2020)

To prevent, mitigate and treat movement impairments, we need to recognize early signs of decline and understand how to best compensate for limitations. The mechanisms leading to movement impairments are complex, overlapping, and interdependent and the fields of biomechanics, motor control, and physiology must be combined to understand these mechanisms. This article introduces CaReMoOC, a framework incorporating neuromusculoskeletal capacity (accumulation of neuromusculoskeletal resources over the lifespan), reserve (task-specific difference between capacity and task demand), movement objectives (considerations made to plan a movement), and compensation (use of NMSK resources to respond to the task demand). The framework is demonstrated for healthy ageing, providing an overview of age-related capacity decline (neural, skeletal, muscular system) and shifted weighting of movement objectives (energy, pain, stability, speed) relevant for biomechanics and motor control. Two forms of compensation are Compensation for Capacity, when capacity does not meet the task demands, and Compensation for Movement Objectives, when the movement is changed due to for example a fear of falling. Understanding the interrelationships between decline in the variables within capacity and the effect on compensation strategies will provide benefit in preventing mobility impairments and will support clinicians in their rehabilitation practice.
New Approach to Determine the Quality of Graphene (2017)

The reduction of graphene oxide is one of the most facile methods to fabricate a large amount of graphene and the reduction rate of graphene oxide is related with the quality of synthesized graphene for its possible application. The reduction rate is usually determined by using various spectroscopy measurements such as Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Here we propose that the magnetic data can be used as a means of determining the quality of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) by the investigation of close relation between magnetic moment and chemical bonding state. Our experimental findings and previous theoretical studies suggest that hydroxyl functional groups in GO mainly contribute to Langevin paramagnetism, carboxyl functional groups in RGO1 act as the source for Pauli paramagnetism, and sp2 bonding state in RGO2 plays a major role on the diamagnetism. Especially in terms of mass production, the magnetic data is useful for decomposing the chemical bonding electronic states in graphene-like samples and judging their quality.