gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near-Infrared Photoelectrochemical Conversion via Photoinduced Charge Separation in Supramolecular Complexes of Anionic Phthalocyanines with Li+@C60 (2015)

Two phthalocyanines possessing carboxylate groups ((TBA)4H2Pc·1 and (TBA)4H2Pc·2) form 1:2 supramolecular complexes with lithium cation-encapsulated C60 (Li(+)@C60) [H2Pc·1(4-)/(Li(+)@C60)2 and H2Pc·2(4-)/(Li(+)@C60)2] in a polar mixed solvent. From the UV-vis spectral changes, the binding constants (K) were estimated as ca. 10(12) M(-2). Upon the photoexcitation of constructed supramolecular complexes, photoinduced electron transfer occurred to form the charge-separated (CS) state. The lifetime of the CS state was determined to be 1.2 ms for H2Pc·2(4-)/(Li(+)@C60)2, which is the longest CS lifetime among the porphyrinoid/fullerene supramolecular complexes. H2Pc·1(4-)/(Li(+)@C60)2 also afforded the long-lived CS state of 1.0 ms. The spin state of the long-lived CS states was determined to be a triplet, as indicated by the EPR signal at g = 4. The reorganization energy (λ) and the electronic coupling term were determined to be λ = 1.70 eV, V = 0.15 cm(-1) from the temperature dependence of the rate constant for the charge recombination of the CS state of H2Pc·1(4-)/(Li(+)@C60)2. The energy of the CS state (0.49 eV) is much smaller than the reorganization energy, indicating that the back-electron-transfer process is located in the Marcus normal region. The small electronic coupling term results from the spin-forbidden back electron transfer due to the triplet CS state. Supramolecular complexes of anionic zinc phthalocyanines with Li(+)@C60 were also prepared and investigated. The ZnPc·4(4-)/Li(+)@C60 supramolecular nanoclusters were assembled on the optically transparent electrode (OTE) of nanostructured SnO2 (OTE/SnO2) to construct the dye-sensitized solar cell. The IPCE (incident photon-to-photocurrent efficiency) values of OTE/SnO2/(ZnPc·4(4-)/Li(+)@C60)n were much higher than the sum of the two IPCE values of the individual systems OTE/SnO2/(Li(+)@C60)n and OTE/SnO2/(ZnPc·4(4-))n, covering the near-infrared region.
Outer‐sphere electron‐transfer reactions of co(III)–polymer complexes in relation to its polymer effects (1975)

Abstract The outer‐sphere electron‐transfer reactions between [Co(III)(NH 3 ) 5 L] (CIO 4 ) 3 [L = polyethyleneimine (PEI), L = NH 3 (Amm)] or cis ‐[Co(III)(en) 2 L′Cl]Cl 2 [L′ = poly‐ N ‐vinyl‐2‐methylimidazole(PVI), poly‐4‐vinylpyridine (PVP), N ‐ethylimidazole (NEI), pyridine (Py)] and various Fe(II) were studied. In the reaction with Fe(II)‐(phen) 3 2+ , the reactivity of Co(III)–PEI was smaller than that of Co(III)–Amm due to the larger electrostatic repulsion. On the other hand, the reactivity of Co(III)–PEI was larger by a factor of 80 in the reaction with Fe(II)(H 2 O) 6 2+ . From the results of rapid‐scanning spectroscopy, the higher reactivity of Co(III)–PEI is caused by the coordination of free ethyleneimine residues in the Co(III)–PEI to Fe(II)–ion. Further more, the hydrophobic interaction between heteroaromatic polymer ligands and Fe(II)‐(phen) 3 2+ brought about the higher reactivities of Co(III)–PVI and Co(III)–PVP. Three interactions caused by the essential properties of polymers are discussed in relation to conformational changes.
The maize methylome influences mRNA splice sites and reveals widespread paramutation-like switches guided by small RNA (2013)

The maize genome, with its large complement of transposons and repeats, is a paradigm for the study of epigenetic mechanisms such as paramutation and imprinting. Here, we present the genome-wide map of cytosine methylation for two maize inbred lines, B73 and Mo17. CG (65%) and CHG (50%) methylation (where H = A, C, or T) is highest in transposons, while CHH (5%) methylation is likely guided by 24-nt, but not 21-nt, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Correlations with methylation patterns suggest that CG methylation in exons (8%) may deter insertion of Mutator transposon insertion, while CHG methylation at splice acceptor sites may inhibit RNA splicing. Using the methylation map as a guide, we used low-coverage sequencing to show that parental methylation differences are inherited by recombinant inbred lines. However, frequent methylation switches, guided by siRNA, persist for up to eight generations, suggesting that epigenetic inheritance resembling paramutation is much more common than previously supposed. The methylation map will provide an invaluable resource for epigenetic studies in maize.
A New Plasma Resistant Coating Reducing Particle Generations (2010)

Aerosol Deposition Method (ADM) is a new technology of ceramics film deposition. Using this method, we can deposit various ceramics thick films (one-several hundreds micrometer of thickness) on metal, glass and ceramics substrates. It's normal temperature process and doesn't require any heating expedient. Films have dense nano-crystalline structure, good adhesion on many substrate and good mechanical properties. For several years we have been developing this process. In this paper, overview of application to semiconductor manufacturing equipment parts by ADM was reported.
USING VISIBLE SYNCHROTRON RADIATION AT THE SLS DIAGNOSTICS BEAMLINE (2004)

A diagnostics beamline has been set-up at the BX05 bending magnet of the SLS storage ring. It makes use of a large range of the synchrotron radiation spectrum for measuring SLS beam parameters. The visual part of the dipole radiation is transported to an optical lab, where the temporal profile of the storage ring bunches can be measured with a minimal time resolution of 2 ps using a dual sweep, synchrocan streak camera. A fast avalanche photo diode (APD) has been set up in parallel to monitor the filling pattern of the storage ring. Beam size and coupling is intended to be measured with a zone plate monitor at 1.8 keV photon energy overcoming diffraction limitations. This paper describes the beamline design and summarizes the first experimental results with visible synchrotron radiation. BEAMLINE DESIGN The DB diagnostic beamline has been built up in sector 5 of the SLS TBA lattice at the BX05 central bending magnet. It has been designed to allow the use of synchrotron radiation over a broad spectral range from many keV to the visible part of the spectrum. The source point of the synchrotron radiation is located at 400 mm in front of the bending magnet center. The DB-front end radiation port accepts maximum opening angles of ± 3.5 mrad vertically and ± 5.5 mrad horizontally. Two staggered pair blade type photon beam position monitors (PBPM) [1] are located in the inner side of the front end at 4.2 m and 7.2 m from the source point providing vertical position and angular information of the photon beam. A pinhole array monitor [2] on the outer side of the front end allows observing beam profiles with limited spatial resolution of about 30 µm. The visible part of the synchrotron radiation is coupled out of the front end in the X05 optics hutch using a water cooled copper mirror, which is placed under 45°. An optical transfer line with 100 mm diameter transports the visible radiation onto an optical table in the experimental hutch. The high energy part of the synchrotron radiation can pass the cooled copper mirror through a central hole of 5 mm diameter towards a zone plate monitor, which is set up to measure the transverse beam profile with high resolution using 1.8 keV radiation [3].
Robust porous SiOCH/Cu interconnects with ultrathin sidewall protection liners (2006)

Robust porous low-k/Cu interconnects have been developed for 65-nm-node ultralarge-scale integrations (ULSIs) with 180-nm/200-nm pitched lines and 100-nm diameter vias in a single damascene architecture. A porous plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD)-SiOCH film (k=2.6) with subnanometer pores is introduced into the intermetal dielectrics on the interlayer dielectrics of a rigid PECVD-SiOCH film (k=2.9). This porous-on-rigid hybrid SiOCH structure achieves a 35% reduction in interline capacitance per grid in the 65-nm-node interconnect compared to that in a 90-nm-node interconnect with a fully rigid SiOCH. A via resistance of 9.7 /spl Omega/ was obtained in 100-nm diameter vias. Interconnect reliability, such as electromigration, and stress-induced voiding were retained with interface modification technologies. One of the key breakthroughs was a special liner technique to maintain dielectric reliability between the narrow-pitched lines. The porous surface on the trench-etched sidewall was covered with an ultrathin plasma-polymerized benzocyclobuten liner (k=2.7), thus enhancing interline time-dependent dielectric breakdown reliability. The introduction of a porous material and the control of the sidewall are essential for 65-nm-node and beyond scaled-down ULSIs to ensure high levels of reliability.
Emissive displays with transfer-printed microscale LEDs and ICs (2020)

Flat panel displays are ubiquitous and dominated today by liquid crystal and OLED technologies. Increasingly, there is an expectation that microLED will exhibit superior performance metrics and become a new mainstream category of flat panel displays. They have the potential to be very bright, to be power efficient, and to enable new within-panel capabilities. High-throughput, high-yield, mass transfer technologies that accurately and cost-effectively integrate large arrays of wafer-fabricated microdevices onto non-native display substrates are key enablers for microLED displays. Transfer-printing with elastomer stamps is a candidate mass transfer technology for making next generation displays. A variety of microLED displays, including displays controlled with transfer-printed microICs, have been designed and fabricated using elastomer stamp transfer-printing.
The electronic states of Si2 and Si−2 as revealed by photoelectron spectroscopy (1987)

We have measured the photoelectron spectrum of Si−2 and find that the molecular electron affinity is EA(Si2)=2.199±0.012 eV. This spectrum apparently involves multiple electronic states of the Si−2 ion as well as several electronic states of the final neutral, Si2. In order to unravel our experimental findings, we have carried out ab initio MCSCF+1+2 CI calculations on both species. These calculations suggest that there are two nearly degenerate states for both Si2 and Si−2. We can fit our experimental data by assuming detachment from two states of Si−2 :X (2Π) [re=2.187 Å] and A (2Σ+g) [T0=0.117±0.016 eV, re=2.127 Å]. We observe two final states of Si2: X (3Σ−g) [re=2.246 Å] and A (3Πu) [T0=0.053±0.015 eV, re=2.171 Å]. These assignments are confirmed by an experimental study of the angular distributions of the photodetached electrons.
Development of a handheld bistatic imaging sonar system for underwater search and survey (2003)

A high resolution, handheld imaging sonar system is under development by Teratech Corporation for the U.S. Navy. This is a 192 channel, dual frequency bistatic sonar for Navy divers performing search and survey missions for underwater explosives. Our goal is to provide the most compact and energy efficient imaging system for the divers. The system consists of a self-contained handheld unit and a head mounted display integrated into the divers mask. The low power and small volume are a result of the development of Teratechs Charge Domain Processing (CDP) technology. This technology has led to the development of a low power 64-channel beamformer chip. As a result, only three beamformer chips will be required for the 192 channels. Until now, the implementation of small, low power sonar systems containing this many elements and forming enough beams to create an image was considered impossible. Progress in the development of this product will be presented. In-water testing is planned for late summer 2003. Experimental results and test images available will be presented at the conference. [Work sponsored by ONR and OSD Small Business Innovative Research Program, Program manager, Mr. Bruce Johnson, Naval Explosive Ordnance Disposal Technology Division.]
Studies on the Relationship between Androgen Receptors and the Transport of Androgens in Rat Prostate (1973)

Abstract The transport of androgens in rat prostate has been studied with the use of a pulse-chase method that yields an approximate 250-fold dilution of pulse-derived 3H-steroid in the cytosol and an 8- to 11-fold dilution in the nucleus. The large difference between the chase effects on cytosol and nuclei is explained either by the low capacity of the system which actively transports steroids across the nuclear membrane or by the limited ability of nuclei to accommodate steroid hormones. Examination of the sequence of labeling of cytosol receptor, whole nuclei, and nuclear receptor indicates that the amount of 3H-steroid lost from cytosol receptor is almost equal to the amount of 3H-steroid gained by nuclei and nuclear receptor. This observation is consistent with the concept that the combined action of cytosol and nuclear receptors is necessary for the transfer of steroids across the nuclear membrane. Two-thirds of the intranuclear steroid is recovered in a free form and appears to arise in part from extensive dissociation of the nuclear steroid-receptor complex. With increasing time, the ratio of dihydrotestosterone: testosterone in the nuclear fractions improves in favor of dihydrotestosterone. Since the total amount of 3H-steroid remains constant during this interval, the latter result appears to be a reflection of the intranuclear metabolism of testosterone. Chase injection of estradiol, cyproterone acetate, and epitestosterone reduces the amount of pulse-derived 3H-steroid equally in the cytosol receptor, whole nuclei, and nuclear receptor fractions; moreover, estradiol appears to bind to the same receptor which binds testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. The possibility that the action of antiandrogens such as estradiol and cyproterone acetate is based on their ability to form inactive migratory complexes is discussed.
Novel N -Benzoyl-2-Hydroxybenzamide Disrupts Unique Parasite Secretory Pathway (2012)

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that can damage the human brain and eyes. There are no curative medicines. Herein, we describe our discovery of N-benzoyl-2-hydroxybenzamides as a class of compounds effective in the low nanomolar range against T. gondii in vitro and in vivo. Our lead compound, QQ-437, displays robust activity against the parasite and could be useful as a new scaffold for development of novel and improved inhibitors of T. gondii. Our genome-wide investigations reveal a specific mechanism of resistance to N-benzoyl-2-hydroxybenzamides mediated by adaptin-3β, a large protein from the secretory protein complex. N-Benzoyl-2-hydroxybenzamide-resistant clones have alterations of their secretory pathway, which traffics proteins to micronemes, rhoptries, dense granules, and acidocalcisomes/plant-like vacuole (PLVs). N-Benzoyl-2-hydroxybenzamide treatment also alters micronemes, rhoptries, the contents of dense granules, and, most markedly, acidocalcisomes/PLVs. Furthermore, QQ-437 is active against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum. Our studies reveal a novel class of compounds that disrupts a unique secretory pathway of T. gondii, with the potential to be used as scaffolds in the search for improved compounds to treat the devastating diseases caused by apicomplexan parasites.
TEACH: Temporal Action Composition for 3D Humans (2022)

Given a series of natural language descriptions, our task is to generate 3D human motions that correspond semantically to the text, and follow the temporal order of the instructions. In particular, our goal is to enable the synthesis of a series of actions, which we refer to as temporal action composition. The current state of the art in text-conditioned motion synthesis only takes a single action or a single sentence as input. This is partially due to lack of suitable training data containing action sequences, but also due to the computational complexity of their non-autoregressive model formulation, which does not scale well to long sequences. In this work, we address both issues. First, we exploit the recent BABEL motion-text collection, which has a wide range of labeled actions, many of which occur in a sequence with transitions between them. Next, we design a Transformer-based approach that operates non-autoregressively within an action, but autoregressively within the sequence of actions. This hierarchical formulation proves effective in our experiments when compared with multiple baselines. Our approach, called TEACH for “TEmporal Action Compositions for Human motions ”, produces realistic human motions for a wide variety of actions and temporal compositions from language descriptions. To encourage work on this new task, we make our code available for research purposes at teach.is.tue.mpg.de.
Data from Inhibition of the heat shock protein 90 molecular chaperone <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> by novel, synthetic, potent resorcinylic pyrazole/isoxazole amide analogues (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Although the heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) inhibitor 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) shows clinical promise, potential limitations encourage development of alternative chemotypes. We discovered the 3,4-diarylpyrazole resorcinol CCT018159 by high-throughput screening and used structure-based design to generate more potent pyrazole amide analogues, exemplified by VER-49009. Here, we describe the detailed biological properties of VER-49009 and the corresponding isoxazole VER-50589. X-ray crystallography showed a virtually identical HSP90 binding mode. However, the dissociation constant (&lt;i&gt;K&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;d&lt;/sub&gt;) of VER-50589 was 4.5 ± 2.2 nmol/L compared with 78.0 ± 10.4 nmol/L for VER-49009, attributable to higher enthalpy for VER-50589 binding. A competitive binding assay gave a lower IC&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; of 21 ± 4 nmol/L for VER-50589 compared with 47 ± 9 nmol/L for VER-49009. Cellular uptake of VER-50589 was 4-fold greater than for VER-49009. Mean cellular antiproliferative GI&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; values for VER-50589 and VER-49009 for a human cancer cell line panel were 78 ± 15 and 685 ± 119 nmol/L, respectively, showing a 9-fold potency gain for the isoxazole. Unlike 17-AAG, but as with CCT018159, cellular potency of these analogues was independent of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1/DT-diaphorase and P-glycoprotein expression. Consistent with HSP90 inhibition, VER-50589 and VER-49009 caused induction of HSP72 and HSP27 alongside depletion of client proteins, including C-RAF, B-RAF, and survivin, and the protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5. Both caused cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Extent and duration of pharmacodynamic changes in an orthotopic human ovarian carcinoma model confirmed the superiority of VER-50589 over VER-49009. VER-50589 accumulated in HCT116 human colon cancer xenografts at levels above the cellular GI&lt;sub&gt;50&lt;/sub&gt; for 24 h, resulting in 30% growth inhibition. The results indicate the therapeutic potential of the resorcinylic pyrazole/isoxazole amide analogues as HSP90 inhibitors. [Mol Cancer Ther 2007;6(4):1198–211]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Evaluation of reagentless pH modification for in situ ocean analysis: determination of dissolved inorganic carbon using mass spectrometry (2013)

Calibrations obtained with the novel reagentless technique and the in-line addition of strong acid showed similar capabilities for DIC quantification. However, calculations of power savings for the reagentless technique relative to the mechanical delivery of stored acid demonstrated substantial advantages of the electrolytic technique for long-term deployments (>1 year).
Determining Factor on the Polarization Behavior of Magnesium Deposition for Magnesium Battery Anode (2020)

To clarify the origin of the polarization of magnesium deposition/dissolution reactions, we combined electrochemical measurement, <i>operando</i> soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (<i>operando</i> SXAS), Raman, and density functional theory (DFT) techniques to three different electrolytes: magnesium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>)/triglyme, magnesium borohydride (Mg(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>)/tetrahydrofuran (THF), and Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>/2-methyltetrahydrofuran (2-MeTHF). Cyclic voltammetry revealed that magnesium deposition/dissolution reactions occur in Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>/triglyme and Mg(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/THF, while the reactions do not occur in Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>/2-MeTHF. Raman spectroscopy shows that the [TFSA]<sup>-</sup> in the Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>/triglyme electrolyte largely does not coordinate to the magnesium ions, while all of the [TFSA]<sup>-</sup> in Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>/2-MeTHF and [BH<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> in Mg(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/THF coordinate to the magnesium ions. In <i>operando</i> SXAS measurements, the intermediate, such as the Mg<sup>+</sup> ion, was not observed at potentials above the magnesium deposition potential, and the local structure distortion around the magnesium ions increases in all of the electrolytes at the magnesium electrode|electrolyte interface during the cathodic polarization. Our DFT calculation and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicate that the [TFSA]<sup>-</sup>, strongly bound to the magnesium ion in the Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>/2-MeTHF electrolyte, undergoes reduction decomposition easily, instead of deposition of magnesium metal, which makes the electrolyte inactive electrochemically. In the Mg(BH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>/THF electrolyte, because the [BH<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup> coordinated to the magnesium ions is stable even under the potential of the magnesium deposition, the magnesium deposition is not inhibited by the decomposition of [BH<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup>. Conversely, because [TFSA]<sup>-</sup> is weakly bound to the magnesium ion in Mg(TFSA)<sub>2</sub>/triglyme, the reduction decomposition occurs relatively slowly, which allows the magnesium deposition in the electrolyte.
All-Optical Sub-Channel Data Erasing and Updating for a 16-QAM Signal using a Single PPLN Waveguide (2012)

We demonstrate all-optical sub-channel data erasing/updating based on cascaded sum- and difference-frequency generation in a single PPLN waveguide. OSNR penalty of 2-dB for RZ and 4-dB for NRZ at a BER of 2e-3 are achieved.
Parasite plastids: maintenance and functions (2003)

Malaria and related parasites retain a vestigial, but biosynthetically active, plastid organelle acquired far back in evolution from a red algal cell. The organelle appears to be essential for parasite transmission from cell to cell and carries the smallest known plastid genome. Why has this genome been retained? The genes it carries seem to be dedicated to the expression of just two "housekeeping" genes. We speculate that one of these, called ycf24 in plants and sufB in bacteria, is tied to an essential "dark" reaction of the organelle--fatty acid biosynthesis. "Ball-park" clues to the function of bacterial suf genes have emerged only recently and point to the areas of iron homeostasis, [Fe-S] cluster formation and oxidative stress. We present experimental evidence for a physical interaction between SufB and its putative partner SufC (ycf16). In both malaria and plants, SufC is encoded in the nucleus and specifies an ATPase that is imported into the plastid.