gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Left Ventricular Long-Axis Function Assessed with Cardiac Cine MR Imaging Is an Independent Predictor of All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction: A Multicenter Study (2017)

Purpose To evaluate the prognostic value of a simple index of left ventricular (LV) long-axis function-lateral mitral annular plane systolic excursion (MAPSE)-in a large multicenter population of patients with reduced ejection fraction (EF) who were undergoing cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 1040 consecutive patients (mean age, 59.5 years ± 15.8) at four U.S. medical centers who were undergoing cardiac MR imaging for assessment of LV dysfunction with EF less than 50%. Lateral MAPSE was measured in the four-chamber cine view. The primary end point was all-cause death. Cox proportional hazards regression modeling was used to examine the independent association between lateral MAPSE and death. The incremental prognostic value of lateral MAPSE was assessed in nested models. Results During a median follow-up of 4.4 years, 132 patients died. With Kaplan-Meier analysis, the risk of death increased significantly with decreasing tertiles of lateral MAPSE (log-rank P = .0001). Patients with relatively preserved lateral MAPSE (>9 mm) had very few deaths, regardless of whether their EF was above or below 35%. Patients with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and low lateral MAPSE had significantly reduced survival compared to those with LGE and high lateral MAPSE (log-rank P < .0001). Lateral MAPSE was independently associated with risk of death after adjustment for clinical and imaging risk factors, which were univariate predictors (age, body mass index, diabetes, LV end-diastolic volume index, LGE, EF) (hazard ratio = 2.051 per mm decrease; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.520, 2.768; P < .001). Inclusion of lateral MAPSE in this model resulted in significant improvement in model fit (likelihood ratio test P < .0001) and C statistic (increasing from 0.675 to 0.844; P < .0001). Continuous net reclassification improvement was 1.036 (95% CI: 0.878, 1.194). Conclusion Lateral MAPSE measured during routine cine cardiac MR imaging is a significant independent predictor of mortality in patients with LV dysfunction, incremental to common clinical and cardiac MR risk factors-including EF and LGE. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2017.
Nanophotonic light sails for relativistic spaceflight by high-power laser beams (2018)

We show that designed nanophotonic structures could become multi-band building-block elements of a relativistic light sail, due to their ability to achieve substantial reflectivity and low absorption in the near-IR, significant emissivity in the mid-IR, and a very low mass.
Airway surface fluid volume and Cl content in cystic fibrosis and normal bronchial xenografts (1999)

We describe the use of an in vivo human bronchial xenograft model of cystic fibrosis (CF) and non-CF airways to investigate pathophysiological alterations in airway surface fluid (ASF) volume (Vs) and Cl content. Vs was calculated based on the dilution of an impermeable marker, [3H]inulin, during harvesting of ASF from xenografts with an isosmotic Cl-free solution. These calculations demonstrated that Vs in CF xenographs (28 +/- 3.0 microliter/cm2; n = 17) was significantly less than that of non-CF xenografts (35 +/- 2. 4 microliter/cm2; n = 30). The Cl concentration of ASF ([Cl]s) was determined using a solid-state AgCl electrode and adjusted for dilution during harvesting using the impermeable [3H]inulin marker. Cumulative results demonstrate small but significant elevations (P < 0.045) in [Cl]s in CF (125 +/- 4 mM; n = 27) compared with non-CF (114 +/- 4 mM; n = 48) xenografts. To investigate potential mechanisms by which CF airways may facilitate a higher level of fluid absorption yet retain slightly elevated levels of Cl, we sought to evaluate the capacity of CF and non-CF airways to absorb both 22Na and 36Cl. Two consistent findings were evident from these studies. First, in both CF and non-CF xenografts, 22Na and 36Cl were always absorbed in an equal molar ratio. Second, CF xenografts hyperabsorbed ( approximately 1.5-fold higher) both 22Na and 36Cl compared with non-CF xenografts. These results substantiate previously documented findings of elevated Na absorption in CF airways and also suggest that the slightly elevated [Cl]s found in this study of CF xenograft epithelia does not occur through a mechanism of decreased apical permeability to Cl.
'Quality' of Schizophrenia-relevant Molecules: from Genetic and Environmental Factors to Proteins (2020)

Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder, with a prevalence of approximately 1 % worldwide. The symptoms of schizophrenia include hallucinations and delusion (positive symptoms), apathy and withdrawal (negative symptoms), and cognitive impairments, which lead to disabilities in social and occupational functioning, and self-care. Although genetic elements have been extensively studied, the precise molecular mechanism of schizophrenia remains elusive. Recently, a role of reduced protein quality (protein aggregation) due to oxidative stress (carbonyl stress) and endoplasmic reticulum stress was proposed in the pathogenesis and pathology of schizophrenia. Here we explain the a current status of the research of schizophrenia while focusing on protein quality.
Neutron responses of Eu<sup>2+</sup> activated LiCaAlF<inf>6</inf> scintillator (2008)

Eu1% LiCaAlF <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> (LiCAF) single crystal (nominal composition) with 2 mm in diameter and 35 mm in length was grown by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. Emission from Eu <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2+</sup> centers were observed in α-ray excited luminescence. Neutron response was compared with Li-glass (GS20, Saint-Gobain) using <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">252</sup> Cf. It is found that the decay time of Eu1%:LiCAF is 1.6 μsec, which is slower than that of GS20. Light yield of the Eu:LiCAF single crystal indicated from 1.5 times to twice as large as that of GS20. Therefore, when light yield of GS20 is 6000 photons/neutron, that of Eu:LiCAF single crystal is estimated from 9000 to 13000 photons/neutron.
Investigation on newly designed low resistivity polyimide-type alignment layer for reducing DC image sticking of in-plane switching liquid crystal display (2016)

Soluble polyimide-type alignment layer is widely used in in-plane switching (IPS) liquid crystal display (LCD) because of its excellent reliability owing to high imidisation ratio during long-term driving, high voltage-holding ratio and low ion density. Nevertheless, it exhibits slow direct current (DC) discharging property due to its high resistivity, causing significant DC image-sticking problem. In this study, we doped inorganic salt to control the resistivity of soluble polyimide-type alignment layer and found that this approach reduced DC image sticking greatly without any loss of reliability property in IPS-LCD.
Isoxazole compound ML327 blocks MYC expression and tumor formation in neuroblastoma (2017)

Neuroblastomas are the most common extracranial solid tumors in children and arise from the embryonic neural crest. <i>MYCN</i>-amplification is a feature of ∼30% of neuroblastoma tumors and portends a poor prognosis. Neural crest precursors undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to gain migratory potential and populate the sympathoadrenal axis. Neuroblastomas are posited to arise due to a blockade of neural crest differentiation. We have recently reported effects of a novel MET inducing compound ML327 (<i>N</i>-(3-(2-hydroxynicotinamido) propyl)-5-phenylisoxazole-3-carboxamide) in colon cancer cells. Herein, we hypothesized that forced epithelial differentiation using ML327 would promote neuroblastoma differentiation. In this study, we demonstrate that ML327 in neuroblastoma cells induces a gene signature consistent with both epithelial and neuronal differentiation features with adaptation of an elongated phenotype. These features accompany induction of cell death and G1 cell cycle arrest with blockage of anchorage-independent growth and neurosphere formation. Furthermore, pretreatment with ML327 results in persistent defects in proliferative potential and tumor-initiating capacity, validating the pro-differentiating effects of our compound. Intriguingly, we have identified destabilization of MYC signaling as an early and consistent feature of ML327 treatment that is observed in both <i>MYCN</i>-amplified and <i>MYCN</i>-single copy neuroblastoma cell lines. Moreover, ML327 blocked <i>MYCN</i> mRNA levels and tumor progression in established <i>MYCN</i>-amplified xenografts. As such, ML327 may have potential efficacy, alone or in conjunction with existing therapeutic strategies against neuroblastoma. Future identification of the specific intracellular target of ML327 may inform future drug discovery efforts and enhance our understanding of MYC regulation.
UAV path planning in absence of GPS signals (2017)

UAVs path planning is usually based on availability of GPS signals for real time positioning. However, there many situations where the GPS signal might not be available either due to interference, or lack of enough number of available satellites at the desired area. In urban environment, the GPS signals may not be available due to high rise building. However, such environment is usually dense with cellular signals from largely distributed cellular tower all over the area. The cellular signals from different technologies such as CDMA and LTE are already available in addition to long time existing GSM technology. In this work, we propose to use the cellular signals from different towers and sectors to provide localization information to the UAV in addition to environment canopy database where heights of building, trees, etc are used obstacle database in path planning algorithm. The work is to show how to build three dimensional radio frequency maps either for one or different modes of technologies and how these RF maps can be used by UAV to estimate its position in 3D space and used by the guidance, navigation and control system of the UAV to position itself and determine trajectory selection in three dimension space of an urban environment.
Learning and Management for Internet-of-Things: Accounting for Adaptivity and Scalability (2018)

Internet-of-Things (IoT) envisions an intelligent infrastructure of networked smart devices offering task-specific monitoring and control services. The unique features of IoT include extreme heterogeneity, massive number of devices, and unpredictable dynamics partially due to human interaction. These call for foundational innovations in network design and management. Ideally, it should allow efficient adaptation to changing environments, and low-cost implementation scalable to massive number of devices, subject to stringent latency constraints. To this end, the overarching goal of this paper is to outline a unified framework for online learning and management policies in IoT through joint advances in communication, networking, learning, and optimization. From the network architecture vantage point, the unified framework leverages a promising fog architecture that enables smart devices to have proximity access to cloud functionalities at the network edge, along the cloud-to-things continuum. From the algorithmic perspective, key innovations target online approaches adaptive to different degrees of nonstationarity in IoT dynamics, and their scalable model-free implementation under limited feedback that motivates blind or bandit approaches. The proposed framework aspires to offer a stepping stone that leads to systematic designs and analysis of task-specific learning and management schemes for IoT, along with a host of new research directions to build on.
Reversed Phase High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Behaviour of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Coal Tar Pitch (1991)

The Rf and Rm values of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have been measured in reversed phase high performance thin layer chromatography (RPHPTLC) using an octadecyl-bonded silica gel precoated plate and ten different solvents.The Rf and Rm values are correlated with the van der waals volumes (Vv) of PAH and the polarity of solvents. The linear relationships between the Rm values and Vv of PAH were observed. These relationships were well explained by introducing a partition concept with the solubility parameter theory. Same linear relationship was also observed for the Rm values of PAH in coal tar pitch and their molecular weight (MW).The RPHPTLC method is useful for analysing coal tar pitch, because it provides MW and Vv by a simple and rapid procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Class of Bryostatin Analogues: The Role of the C20 Substituent in Protein Kinase C Binding. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Semantic networking: Flow-based, traffic-aware, and self-managed networking (2009)

In order to overcome current Internet limitations on overall network scalability and complexity, we introduce a new paradigm of semantic networking for the networks of the future, which brings together flow-based networking, traffic awareness, and self-management concepts to deliver plug-and-play networks. The natural traffic granularity is the flow between packet and circuit and between connection-less and connection-oriented modes. Using flow aggregation capabilities, we simplify traffic processing in the nodes through elastic fluid switching, and simplify traffic control through flow admission control, policing, and implicit quality of service (QoS) routing. By leveraging deep packet inspection and behavioral traffic analysis, network elements can autonomously and efficiently process the traffic flows they transport through real-time awareness gained via semantic analysis. The global consistency of node decisions within the whole network is ensured by self-management, applying the concepts of “knowledge plane” and “network mining.”
One-prong τ decays with neutral kaons (1995)

We have analyzed one-prong τ decays with neutral kaons using the information from a fine-grained hadron calorimeter. The data sample consists of 43 500 Z → τ+τ−(γ) events collected by the L3 detector at LEP in 1991, 1992 and 1993. The following branching fractions are measured: B(τ− → ντπ−K0) = 0.0095 ± 0.0015(stat) ± 0.0006(syst); B(τ− → ντπ− π0K0) = 0.0041 ± 0.0012(stat) ± 0.0003(syst) and B(τ− → ντπ−K0K0) = 0.0031 ± 0.0012(stat) ± 0.0004(syst).
Bivariate Histogram Segmentation of Simultaneous Neutron and X-ray Tomography for Improved Compositional and Structural Determination of Source Rock Shales (2020)

Shale gas has seen an incredible growth in the United States and worldwide due to improvements in horizontal drilling and hydraulic fracturing. Significant improvements to gas extraction from reservoirs can be made with improved understanding of the distribution and transport pathways for hydrocarbon flow in shales. Many techniques to understand the distribution of organic matter and minerals within shale, such as FIB-SEM and nano X-ray tomography, are at the pore scale and may not provide distributions representative on the core or well length scales. Neutron and X-ray tomography are complementary, nondestructive methods to probe the three-dimensional structure of shales at the core scale. Neutrons have a strong sensitivity to hydrogen and therefore organic matter while X-rays are sensitive to increasing atomic mass such as iron rich minerals. To fully leverage the complementarity of neutrons and X-rays, NIST has developed the Neutron and X-ray Tomography (NeXT) system for truly simultaneous multimodal tomography NeXT orients a 90 keV microfocus X-ray generator perpendicular to the neutron beam. Software has been developed to account for the 90-degree offset of the reconstructed volumes and fully register the volumes for a 1 to 1 comparison between modalities.
Compact All‐Optical Quantum Sensor Device Based on Nitrogen Vacancy Centers in Diamond (2022)

An integrated magnetic sensor is designed and tested that utilizes the negatively charged nitrogen vacancy centers (NVC) in diamond as a magnetic field‐sensitive quantum material, which is accessed and readout solely optically. The compact sensor device features a side length of 10 mm and includes a small HPHT diamond slab, light‐emitting diode (LED) for excitation, and integrated photodiodes. A microwave‐free approach is used. With the device, DC sensitivity to magnetic fields of 49 nA mT −1 in the range of 5–50 mT is achieved. The sensor device is also capable of detecting very small magnetic fields: Magnetic field dependencies at very low flux densities in the μT range (zero‐magnetic field) show a characteristic fluorescence behavior revealing a sensitivity of 4.8 pA μT −1 . Additionally, a ray‐tracing model is applied, to identify loss mechanisms in the setup. Using this device, an ultracompact, reliable, and industry‐ready package is made available for sensor developments in industry and academia.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATIONS OF HALOGENOALLENES (1985)

Abstract Die Umsetzung der optisch aktiven Mesylate (I) mit den Cupraten (II) führt selektiv zu den Halogenallenen (III), denen aufgrund vergleichender Studien die (R)‐Konfiguration zugeordnet wird.
Photoluminescence study of excess carrier spillover in 1.3 μm wavelength strained multi-quantum-well InGaAsP/InP laser structures (1995)

Photoluminescence of 1.3 μm wavelength strained multiple quantum well InGaAsP/InP laser structures has been used to understand the excess carrier redistribution between the quantum well and waveguide regions at a high level of excitation. A model is developed to describe the experimental results. The model suggests that space charge barriers play a significant role in the electron confinement in quantum wells at the high excitation range typical of laser diode operation.
Measurement of theCP-Violating Phaseϕsin the DecayBs0→J/ψϕ (2012)

We present a measurement of the time-dependent CP-violating asymmetry in B(s)(0) → J/ψϕ decays, using data collected with the LHCb detector at the LHC. The decay time distribution of B(s)(0) → J/ψϕ is characterized by the decay widths Γ(H) and Γ(L) of the heavy and light mass eigenstates, respectively, of the B(s)(0) - B(s)(0) system and by a CP-violating phase ϕ(s). In a sample of about 8500 B(s)(0) → J/ψϕ events isolated from 0.37 fb(-1) of pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV, we measure ϕ(s) = 0.15 ± 0.18(stat) ± 0.06(syst) rad. We also find an average B(s)(0) decay width Γ(s) ≡ (Γ(L) + Γ(H))/2 = 0.657 ± 0.009(stat) ± 0.008(syst) ps(-1) and a decay width difference ΔΓ(s) ≡ Γ(L) - Γ(H) = 0.123 ± 0.029(stat) ± 0.011(syst) ps(-1). Our measurement is insensitive to the transformation (ϕ(s),ΔΓ(s)) ↦ (π - ϕ(s), -ΔΓ(s)).
Reducing backhaul costs for mobile content delivery &#x2014; An analytical study (2012)

Mobile carriers are currently facing the tremendous challenge of coping with the rapid data traffic growth stemming from smart phones and data dongles. Recent studies have shown that caching of high volume content within carrier networks has the potential of substantial cost savings in network resources. This paper analyzes the effectiveness of caching in mobile carrier networks, being enabled by distributed mobility gateways and content caches, and estimates how much cost savings an operator can expect for different cache deployment scenarios. The study considers various backhaul network characteristics and several content replication strategies.
Approaches to nuclear separations using room temperature ionic liquids (2003)

Traditionally, the removal of actinides from acidic solutions in the nuclear industry, has focused on the use of molecular solvents such as dodecane or odorless kerosene as extracting phases. The recent surge in the study of Ionic Liquids as alternative solvent systems has led to their investigation in many nuclear-related applications. Ionic Liquids can provide comparable or superior results in terms of their ability to be a suitable extracting phase from acid media as well as introduce unique coordination environments not observed in many molecular solvents.
ChemInform Abstract: THE NITRILE OXIDE CYCLOADDITION (NOC) ROUTE TO A MULTIPURPOSE C‐NUCLEOSIDE INTERMEDIATE. A NEW CLASS OF C‐NUCLEOSIDES (1983)

Abstract (T‐Nucleoside sind wegen ihrer antibiotischen und antiviralen Wirkung von Interesse.
C9orf72 is differentially expressed in the central nervous system and myeloid cells and consistently reduced in C9orf72, MAPT and GRN mutation carriers (2016)

A non-coding hexanucleotide repeat expansion (HRE) in C9orf72 is a common cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) acting through a loss of function mechanism due to haploinsufficiency of C9orf72 or a gain of function mediated by aggregates of bidirectionally transcribed HRE-RNAs translated into di-peptide repeat (DPR) proteins. To fully understand regulation of C9orf72 expression we surveyed the C9orf72 locus using Cap Analysis of Gene Expression sequence data (CAGEseq). We observed C9orf72 was generally lowly expressed with the exception of a subset of myeloid cells, particularly CD14+ monocytes that showed up to seven fold higher expression as compared to central nervous system (CNS) and other tissues. The expression profile at the C9orf72 locus showed a complex architecture with differential expression of the transcription start sites (TSSs) for the annotated C9orf72 transcripts between myeloid and CNS tissues suggesting cell and/or tissue specific functions. We further detected novel TSSs in both the sense and antisense strand at the C9orf72 locus and confirmed their existence in brain tissues and CD14+ monocytes. Interestingly, our experiments showed a consistent decrease of C9orf72 coding transcripts not only in brain tissue and monocytes from C9orf72-HRE patients, but also in brains from MAPT and GRN mutation carriers together with an increase in antisense transcripts suggesting these could play a role in regulation of C9orf72. We found that the non-HRE related expression changes cannot be explained by promoter methylation but by the presence of the C9orf72-HRE risk haplotype and unknown functional interactions between C9orf72, MAPT and GRN.