gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reactions of carbonyl compounds with Grignard reagents in the presence of cerium chloride (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of carbonyl compounds with Grignard reagents in the presence of cerium chlorideTsuneo Imamoto, Nobuyuki Takiyama, Kimikazu Nakamura, Toshihiko Hatajima, and Yasuo KamiyaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 12, 4392–4398Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00194a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00194a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views16273Altmetric-Citations562LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adaptive dual‐radio spectrum‐sensing scheme in cognitive radio networks (2011)

ABSTRACT In this paper, a novel spectrum‐sensing scheme, called adaptive dual‐radio spectrum‐sensing scheme (ADRSS), is proposed for cognitive radio networks. In ADRSS, each secondary user (SU) is equipped with a dual radio. During the data transmission, with the received signal‐to‐noise ratio of primary user (PU) signal, the SU transmitter (SUT) and the SU receiver (SUR) are selected adaptively to sense one channel by one radio while communicating with each other by the other one. The sensing results of the SUR are sent to the SUT through feedback channels (e.g., ACK). After that, with the sensing results from the SUT or the SUR, the SUT can decide whether the channel switching should be carried out. The theoretical analysis and simulation results indicate that the normalized channel efficiency, defined as the expected ratio of time duration without interference to PUs in data transmission to the whole frame length, can be improved while satisfying the interference constraint to PUs. After that, an enhanced ADRSS is designed by integrating ADRSS with cooperative spectrum sensing, and the performance of ADRSS under imperfect feedback channel is also discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Management alternative for baby-boom pharmacists (1987)

Journal Article Management alternative for baby-boom pharmacists Get access Dennis A. Tribble, Pharm.D. Dennis A. Tribble, Pharm.D. Ancillary Program Manager Health Data Sciences Corporation , 348 West Hospitality Lane San Bernardino, CA 92408 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, Volume 44, Issue 5, 1 May 1987, Page 1026, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajhp/44.5.1026 Published: 01 May 1987
Cooperation dynamics in networked geometric Brownian motion (2019)

Recent works suggest that pooling and sharing may constitute a fundamental mechanism for the evolution of cooperation in well-mixed fluctuating environments. The rationale is that, by reducing the amplitude of fluctuations, pooling and sharing increases the steady-state growth rate at which individuals self-reproduce. However, in reality interactions are seldom realized in a well-mixed structure, and the underlying topology is in general described by a complex network. Motivated by this observation, we investigate the role of the network structure on the cooperative dynamics in fluctuating environments, by developing a model for networked pooling and sharing of resources undergoing a geometric Brownian motion. The study reveals that, while in general cooperation increases the individual steady state growth rates (i.e., is evolutionary advantageous), the interplay with the network structure may yield large discrepancies in the observed individual resource endowments. We comment possible biological and social implications and discuss relations to econophysics.
Commensurability and finite size effects in lattice simulations of diblock copolymers (2015)

Lattice Monte Carlo (MC) simulations provide an efficient method for exploring the structure and phase behavior of block polymer melts. However, the results of such simulations may differ from the equilibrium behavior of a hypothetical infinite system as a consequence of the finite size of the simulation box. Standard finite-size scaling techniques cannot be employed to remove the effects of a small system size due to incommensurability between the ordered structure domain spacing and the periodicity of the simulation box. This work describes a systematic approach to estimating the equilibrium domain spacing in lattice MC simulations of symmetric diblock copolymers, and thereby minimize the effects of incommensurability. Results for simulations with commensurate simulation boxes, which are designed to be commensurate with the preferred lattice periodicity but contain different numbers of unit cells, show that once the effects of incommensurability are removed, the effects of finite size alone are relatively small.
Neue Wege zu Hochtemperatursupraleitern (2007)

Abstract 20 Jahre nach der Entdeckung keramischer Hochtemperatursupraleiter stehen energietechnische Systeme aus diesen Materialien vor dem kommerziellen Durchbruch. In naher Zukunft werden sie einen Beitrag zu Ressourcenschonung und Energieeffizienz leisten – mit Hilfe der Chemie.
Proceedings of the second international symposium on Information interaction in context (2008)

IIiX 2008 is the second international symposium on Information Interaction in Context succeeding the symposium held in Copenhagen in 2006. The primary objective of IIiX is to investigate how the concept of context can be understood and exploited to make information systems truly interactive. Knowledge about context can be used effectively to constrain retrieval and seeking of information and to understand ensuing information behaviours including relevance and use, thereby reducing the complexity of the interaction processes. As in the case of the first IIiX symposium, the aim of IIiX 2008 is to bring together researchers from the related areas of information seeking behaviour, laboratory IR, and interactive IR to provide a forum for discussion and collaboration on context issues with respect to information seeking and retrieval. This is successfully achieved in IIiX 2008, as a variety of angles to the concept of context, as well as suggestions as to how to consider and treat context in information seeking and retrieval, is presented.

IIiX 2008 received paper submissions from 19 countries (four continents) and accepted 23 full and research in progress papers.
Flexible fiber-based optoelectronics for neural interfaces (2019)

United States. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (Grant 5R01NS086804)
Carboxylate Salts as Ideal Initiators for the Metal-Free Copolymerization of CO2 with Epoxides: Synthesis of Well-Defined Polycarbonates Diols and Polyols (2019)

Tetrabutylammonium carbonate (TBAC) which is obtained by treating CO2 with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is shown to perform as an ideal difunctional initiator for the copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2) and propylene oxide (PO) in the presence of triethylborane (TEB). In this system, CO2 thus serves as the initiating moiety of its own copolymerization with epoxides when used in the form of a carbonate salt. Based on this remarkable result, mono-, tri-, and tetrafunctional ammonium carboxylate initiators and also other difunctional carboxylate initiators were synthesized and used for the synthesis of well-defined ω-hydroxyl-polycarbonates with linear and star structures. Well-defined telechelics, three- and four-armed star samples of molar mass varying from 1 kg/mol to 10 kg/mol, with around 95% carbonate content, were successfully synthesized. The structure of the obtained polycarbonate ω-polyols were characterized by 1H NMR, MALDI-TOF, and GPC. The terminal hydroxyl functionality of polycarbonate diol was further used for polycondensation with diisocyanates to afford polyurethanes. Finally, taking TBAC as an example, the recyclability of this ammonium-based initiator is demonstrated for the preparation of polycarbonate diols.
Inorganic polymer photoresist for direct ceramic patterning by photolithography (2007)

A novel negative, inorganic polymer photoresist was demonstrated to be suitable for simple and direct fabrication of tribological SiCN-based ceramic microstructures via UV photolithography and subsequent pyrolysis at 800 degrees C.
The impact of hole-induced electromigration on the cycling endurance of phase change memory (2010)

The high current density induced failure in Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Sb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Te <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> (GST)-based phase change memory (PCM) is investigated. A strong dependence of cycling endurance on the polarity of the operation current is observed and reported for the first time. The cycling endurance is reduced by 4 orders of magnitude when the current polarity is reversed. Careful TEM analysis of failed cells revealed a thin void in GST over the bottom electrode, but only in the reverse polarity samples. This phenomenon can be explained by hole-induced electromigration at the electrode/GST interface. The impact of electromigration on scaled phase change memory is discussed.
Fluorinated Nonionic Surfactants Bearing Either CF3− or H−CF2− Terminal Groups:  Adsorption at the Surface of Aqueous Solutions (2001)

Four nonionic fluoro-surfactants have been synthesized and their surface adsorption and micellization properties investigated. The compounds were perfluoroalkyl triethyleneoxide methyl ethers X-(CF2)m−CH2−O−(C2H4O)3−CH3, with X either H or F, and m either 4 or 6 (H4EO3, F4EO3, H6EO3, and F6EO3). A strong structure−activity relationship was observed, depending on the nature of the hydrophobic chain. Initial surface tension measurements, using long-time dynamic drop volume tensiometry (DVT), were consistent with trace hydrophobic impurities, which could be eliminated by vacuum distillation to yield surface chemically pure surfactants. Neutron reflectivity (NR) measurements were performed to determine surface excess as a function of bulk concentration, and there was good agreement with tensiometrically derived coverages. Switching the terminal group H−CF2− to CF3− reduced the cmc by a factor of 4, lowered the limiting molecular areas acmc by ∼ 10 Å2, and reduced the cmc surface tension γcmc by 9 mN m-1. Increasing the chain length also gave rise to significant changes. Therefore, surfactants of this kind are unusual in that physicochemical properties can be controlled over a wide range, but with only minor variations in chemical structure. Furthermore, it is shown that with high purity surfactants tensiometric measurements are able to distinguish variations in surface coverage which arise from such subtle structural changes.
Backfilled, self-assembled monolayers and methods of making same (2023)

Backfilled, self-assembled monolayers and methods of making the same are disclosed. The self-assembled monolayer comprises at least one functional organosilane species and a substantially random dispersion of at least one backfilling organosilane species among the functional organosilane species, wherein the functional and backfilling organosilane species have been sequentially deposited on a substrate. The method comprises depositing sequentially a first organosilane species followed by a backfilling organosilane species, and employing a relaxation agent before or during deposition of the backfilling organosilane species, wherein the first and backfilling organosilane species are substantially randomly dispersed on a substrate.
Respiratory infection during lithium and valproate medication: a within-individual prospective study of 50,000 patients with bipolar disorder (2020)

Abstract Objective In vitro studies have demonstrated that lithium has antiviral properties, but evidence from human studies is scarce. Lithium is used as a mood stabilizer to treat patients with bipolar disorder. Here, the aim was to investigate the association between lithium use and the risk of respiratory infections in patients with bipolar disorder. To rule out the possibility that a potential association could be due to lithium’s effect on psychiatric symptoms, we also studied the effect of the most common alternative to lithium to prevent mood episodes in bipolar disorder, valproate. Method We followed 51,509 individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder in the Swedish Patient register 2005–2013. We applied a with-individual design using stratified Cox regression to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) of respiratory infections during treated periods compared with untreated periods. Results During follow-up, 5,760 respiratory infections were documented in the Swedish Patient Register. The incidence rate was 28% lower during lithium treatment (HR 0.73, 95% CI 0.61–0.86) and 35% higher during valproate treatment (HR 1.35, 95% CI 1.06–1.73) compared with periods off treatment. Conclusions This study provides real-world evidence that lithium protects against respiratory infections and suggests that the repurposing potential of lithium for antiviral effects is worthy of investigation.
Interconnect Design and Thermal Stress/Strain Analysis of Flip Chip Packaging (2006)

As the interconnection density of electronic packaging continues to increase, the fatigueinduced solder joint failure of surface mounted electronic devices become one of the most critical reliability issues in electronic packaging industry. Especially, prediction of the shape of solder joint is a major event in the development of electronic packaging for its practical engineering application. In conventional electronic packages, the geometrical dimensions of solder balls and solder pads of the package are the same. In this research, a hybrid method combined with analytical and energybased methods is utilized to predict force-balanced heights and geometry profiles of solder balls under various solder volume and pad dimensions as well as their relative location during the reflow process. Next, a non-linear finite element analysis is adopted to investigate the stress/strain behavior of solder balls in flip chip package. The results reveal that as the flip chip package contains larger solder balls located at the corner area underneath the chip, the maximum equivalent plastic strain/stress is evidently reduced and the reliability cycles under thermal loading are enhanced. Furthermore, the results presented in this research can be used as a design guideline for area array interconnections.
An efficient receiver structure for robust data transmission using TxID signal in the ATSC DTV system (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the previous proposed robust data transmission schemes using the TxID signal and propose a receiver structure suitable for efficient detection of the embedded robust data in the TxID signals. Based on the laboratory test, we verify that the proposed scheme can offer an additional reliable communication link supporting up to 160 bps, which is at least 13 dB more robust in comparison to the conventional DTV system.
Electromagnetic bias at off‐nadir incidence angles (2005)

Measurements of the electromagnetic (EM) bias in altimeter sea surface ranges at nadir and off‐nadir incidence angles were made during the Brigham Young University (BYU) Off‐Nadir Experiment (Y‐ONE) in the months of March and April, 2003. Tower‐mounted C‐ and Ku‐band radars were deployed along with laser rangefinders and a weather station to measure sea surface profiles and environmental parameters. The incidence angle range was nadir to 17°. An off‐nadir bias model incorporating the effects of hydrodynamic modulation of short waves and tilt modulation of long waves was also developed. Both the experimental data set and the theoretical model led to a bias of decreasing magnitude as the incidence angle moves away from nadir. The average measured EM bias at C‐band was approximately zero at 14° incidence, and a small positive mean bias (1% SWH) was observed at 17°. By extrapolating from the Ku‐band measurements, the mean bias vanished at 18.5° for the higher frequency.
Design of MIMO antennas for Ultra-Wideband Communications (2009)

National audience
A Large-Scale Photonic CNN Based on Spike Coding and Temporal Integration (2023)

The real-time massive-data intelligent information processing tasks highlight a vital requirement for the novel, intelligent optimization hardware. Convolutional neural networks are highly capable of extracting the hierarchical feature map and enhancing recognition accuracy, with photonics-enabled implementations drawing considerable interest. Here, we propose a large-scale and reconfigurable photonic convolutional neural network (PCNN), based on a hardware-friendly distributed feedback laser diode (DFB-LD). Our approach applies biological time-to-first-spike coding to a DFB-LD neuron to perform a temporal convolutional operation (TCO) for image processing tasks. In PCNN, experimental results demonstrate that we successfully implement the TCO to extract the image features with convolutional kernels of size 11 × 11. Furthermore, we investigate the temporal pulse shaping of a DFB-LD neuron to build a densely-connected fully connected layer, which synaptic weights can be rapidly adjusted at a rate of 5 GHz, achieving full MNIST and Fashion-MNIST benchmark image classification tasks, with classification accuracies of 98.56% and 87.48%, respectively. This work highlights the potential of neuron-like optical analog computing platforms for real-time and more complex intelligent processing networks.
A novel nucleotide kinase encoded by gene 1.7 of bacteriophage T7 (2010)

Gene 1.7 of bacteriophage T7 confers sensitivity of both phage T7 and its host Escherichia coli to dideoxythymidine (ddT). We have purified the product of gene 1.7, gp1.7. It exists in two forms of molecular weight 22,181 and 17,782. Only the C-terminal half of the protein is required to confer ddT sensitivity. We show that gp1.7 catalyses the phosphorylation of dGMP and dTMP to dGDP and dTDP, respectively, by using either GTP, dGTP or dTTP as the phosphate donor. Either form of gp1.7 exhibit identical kinase activity as compared with wild-type gp1.7 that contains a mixture of both forms. The K(m) of 70 microM and Kcat of 4.3 s(-1) for dTMP are similar to those found for E. coli thymidylate kinase. However, unlike the host enzyme, gp1.7 efficiently catalyses the conversion of the chain-terminating dideoxythymidylate (ddTMP) to ddTDP. This finding explains the sensitivity of phage T7 but not E. coli to exogenous ddT. Gp1.7 is unusual in that it has no sequence homology to any known nucleotide kinase, it has no identifiable nucleotide-binding motif and its activity is independent of added metal ions. When coupled with nucleoside diphosphate kinase, gp1.7 exponentially converts dTMP to dTTP.
Nanocompartments Enclosing Vesicles, Colloids, and Macromolecules via Interdigitated Lipid Bilayers (2001)

Constructing compartments to divide space controllably and spontaneously into subunits at the submicron scale is a significant challenge facing nanotechnology. We have developed a simple method of creating nanocompartments in vitro via the “interdigitated” bilayer phase formed by adding ethanol to a variety of saturated phospholipids. At temperatures below the gel−liquid crystalline transition, Tm, the interdigitated lipid−ethanol sheets are rigid and flat; when the temperature is raised above Tm, the sheets become flexible and close on themselves and the surrounding solution to form closed compartments. During this closure, the sheets can entrap other vesicles, biological macromolecules, or colloidal particles. The result is efficient and spontaneous encapsulation without disruption of even fragile materials to form biomimetic nanoenvironments for possible use in drug delivery, in colloidal stabilization, or as microreactors.
Calculating Kelvin force microscopy signals from static force fields (2010)

We present an analytical formula to achieve numerical simulations of Kelvin force microscopy (KFM) signals from static force fields, which can be employed to describe amplitude-modulation or frequency-modulation KFM, as well as simultaneous topography and KFM modes for which the tip probe exhibits a nonzero oscillation during KFM imaging. This model is shown to account for side-capacitance and nonlinear effects taking place in KFM experiments, and can therefore be used conveniently to extract quantitative information from KFM experiments at the nanoscale.
Virus Electrodes for Universal Biodetection (2006)

A dense virus layer, readily tailored for recognition of essentially any biomarker, was covalently attached to a gold electrode surface through a self-assembled monolayer. The resistance of this "virus electrode", Z(Re), measured in the frequency range from 2 to 500 kHz in a salt-based pH 7.2 buffer, increased when the phage particles selectively bound either an antibody or prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), a biomarker for prostate cancer. In contrast to prior results, we show the capacitive impedence of the virus electrode, Z(Im), is both a noisier and a less sensitive indicator of this binding compared to Z(Re). The specificity of antibody and PSMA binding, and the absence of nonspecific binding to the virus electrode, was confirmed using quartz crystal microbalance gravimetry.
Hydrocarbon liquid production via the bioCRACK process and catalytic hydroprocessing of the product oil (2015)

Combination of liquid phase pyrolysis based bioCRACK biomass liquefaction and catalytic hydroprocessing for Hydrocarbon production.
Thorough exploration of complex environments with a space-based potential field (2015)

Robotic exploration, for the purposes of search and rescue or explosive device detection, can be improved by using a team of multiple robots. Potential field navigation methods offer natural and efficient distributed exploration algorithms in which team members are mutually repelled to spread out and cover the area efficiently. However, they also suffer from field minima issues. Liu and Lyons proposed a Space-Based Potential Field (SBPF) algorithm that disperses robots efficiently and also ensures they are driven in a distributed fashion to cover complex geometry. In this paper, the approach is modified to handle two problems with the original SBPF method: fast exploration of enclosed spaces, and fast navigation of convex obstacles. Firstly, a “gate-sensing” function was implemented. The function draws the robot to narrow openings, such as doors or corridors that it might otherwise pass by, to ensure every room can be explored. Secondly, an improved obstacle field conveyor belt function was developed which allows the robot to avoid walls and barriers while using their surface as a motion guide to avoid being trapped. Simulation results, where the modified SPBF program controls the MobileSim Pioneer 3-AT simulator program, are presented for a selection of maps that capture difficult to explore geometries. Physical robot results are also presented, where a team of Pioneer 3-AT robots is controlled by the modified SBPF program. Data collected prior to the improvements, new simulation results, and robot experiments are presented as evidence of performance improvements.