gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Microstructural Degradation of Ni-Based Superalloys with Segregation under the Super-Gravity Condition (2023)

The Ni-based superalloy is used as the turbine blade, which is subject to the coupling effect of temperature and super-gravity during service. As the Ni-based superalloys are difficult to become homogenous after using the solid solution heat treatment, a study on morphology and composition distribution of Ni-base superalloys with segregation during microstructural degradation is necessary. This study investigates the microstructure of the ex-service turbine blade and cast samples subjected to the high-temperature centrifugal test. The difference in the size and shape factor of the γ′ phase decreased with the stress caused by the super-gravity condition, indicating a higher magnitude of homogenization degree. The higher stress will also promote the merge of the sub-grain boundaries, leading to a lower density and higher orientational deviation of the sub-grain boundaries.
Polynomial-time Capacity Calculation and Scheduling for Half-Duplex 1-2-1 Networks (2019)

This paper studies the 1-2-1 half-duplex network model, where two half-duplex nodes can communicate only if they point "beams" at each other; otherwise, no signal can be exchanged or interference can be generated. The main result of this paper is the design of two polynomial-time algorithms that: (i) compute the approximate capacity of the 1-2-1 half-duplex network and, (ii) find the network schedule optimal for the approximate capacity. The paper starts by expressing the approximate capacity as a linear program with an exponential number of constraints. A core technical component consists of building a polynomial-time separation oracle for this linear program, by using algorithmic tools such as perfect matching polytopes and Gomory-Hu trees.
NO2 Exposure Effect on Mixed Conductivity and Seebeck Coefficient in Thiophene Polymers (2022)

Alkylthiophene polymers with unique and differing terminally functionalized side chains were investigated by using a vapor analyte/dopant, nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and the thermoelectric properties were examined. We observed that through NO2 absorption on or in the sample that induced charge carrier generation and transport, the conductivities of regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT), poly[3-(ethyl-4-butoanote)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (PT-COOR), poly[3-(3-caboxypropyl)thiophene-2,5-diyl] (PT-COOH), and poly(3-hydroxymethylthiophene) (PT-OH) were increased. Meanwhile, Seebeck coefficients (S) of PT-COOH, PT-COOR, and PT-OH displayed a declining trend with increasing NO2 ppm-level exposure. The lack of S dependence on doping level for P3HT is due to its low conductivity (σ). The correlations of thermoelectric properties of the four polymers were investigated; PT-COOR, PT-COOH, and PT-OH showed good linearity in the logarithmic plots of S and power factor against σ at various doping levels, even with possible contributions of proton transport in PT-COOH and PT-OH. In light of growing interest in conducting polymers being utilized as gas sensors, this method provides as a convenient tool to study the physics associated behind the thermoelectric properties governing the sensing response and mechanism.
Hydrogen Transfer Polymerization with Anionic Catalysts and the Problem of Anionic Isomerization Polymerization (1972)

Abstract In 1954 a patent by Matlack [1] and shortly thereafter a paper by Breslow, Hulse, and Matlack [2] described that acrylamide readily polymerizes to fairly high molecular weight poly(β-alanine) (nylon 3) in the presence of anionic initiators such as t-BuONa.
Identification and Differential Abundance of Mitochondrial Genome Encoding Small RNAs (mitosRNA) in Breast Muscles of Modern Broilers and Unselected Chicken Breed (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Although small non-coding RNAs are mostly encoded by the nuclear genome, thousands of small non-coding RNAs encoded by the mitochondrial genome, termed as mitosRNAs were recently reported in human, mouse and trout. In this study, we first identified chicken mitosRNAs in breast muscle using small RNA sequencing method and the differential abundance was analyzed between modern pedigree male (PeM) broilers (characterized by rapid growth and large muscle mass) and the foundational Barred Plymouth Rock (BPR) chickens (characterized by slow growth and small muscle mass). <b>Methods:</b> Small RNA sequencing was performed with total RNAs extracted from breast muscles of PeM and BPR (<i>n</i> = 6 per group) using the 1 × 50 bp single end read method of Illumina sequencing. Raw reads were processed by quality assessment, adapter trimming, and alignment to the chicken mitochondrial genome (GenBank Accession: X52392.1) using the NGen program. Further statistical analyses were performed using the JMP Genomics 8. Differentially expressed (DE) mitosRNAs between PeM and BPR were confirmed by quantitative PCR. <b>Results:</b> Totals of 183,416 unique small RNA sequences were identified as potential chicken mitosRNAs. After stringent filtering processes, 117 mitosRNAs showing >100 raw read counts were abundantly produced from all 37 mitochondrial genes (except D-loop region) and the length of mitosRNAs ranged from 22 to 46 nucleotides. Of those, abundance of 44 mitosRNAs were significantly altered in breast muscles of PeM compared to those of BPR: all mitosRNAs were higher in PeM breast except those produced from 16S-rRNA gene. Possibly, the higher mitosRNAs abundance in PeM breast may be due to a higher mitochondrial content compared to BPR. Our data demonstrate that in addition to 37 known mitochondrial genes, the mitochondrial genome also encodes abundant mitosRNAs, that may play an important regulatory role in muscle growth via mitochondrial gene expression control.
Supplementary Data from Preclinical Development of MGC018, a Duocarmycin-based Antibody–drug Conjugate Targeting B7-H3 for Solid Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data&lt;/p&gt;
Classification of Damage Signatures in Composite Plates using One-Class SVMs (2007)

Damage characterization through wave propagation and scattering is of considerable interest to many non-destructive evaluation techniques. For fiber-reinforced composites, complex waves can be generated during the tests due to the non-homogeneous and anisotropic nature of the material when compared to isotropic materials. Additional complexities are introduced due to the presence of the damage and thus results in difficulty to characterize these defects. The inability to detect damage in composite structures limits their use in practice. A major task of structural health monitoring is to identify and characterize the existing defects or defect evolution through the interactions between structural features and multidisciplinary physical phenomena. In a wave-based approach to addressing this problem, the presence of damage is characterized by the changes in the signature of the resultant wave that propagates through the structure. In order to measure and characterize the wave propagation, we use the response of the surface-mounted piezoelectric transducers as input to an advanced machine-learning based classifier known as a support vector machine.
Crystallographic analysis of reversible metal binding observed in a mutant (Asp153 .fwdarw. Gly) of Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase (1995)

Here we present the refined crystal structures of three different conformational states of the Asp153-->Gly mutant (D153G) of alkaline phosphatase (AP), a metalloenzyme from Escherichia coli. The apo state is induced in the crystal over a 3 month period by metal depletion of the holoenzyme crystals. Subsequently, the metals are reintroduced in the crystalline state in a time-dependent reversible manner without physically damaging the crystals. Two structural intermediates of the holo form based on data from a 2 week (intermediate I) and a 2 month soak (intermediate II) of the apo crystals with Mg2+ and Zn2+ have been identified. The three-dimensional crystal structures of the apo (R = 18.1%), intermediate I (R = 19.5%), and intermediate II (R = 19.9%) of the D153G enzyme have been refined and the corresponding structures analyzed and compared. Large conformational changes that extend from the mutant active site to surface loops, located 20 A away, are observed in the apo structure with respect to the holo structure. The structure of intermediate I shows the recovery of the entire enzyme to an almost native-like conformation, with the exception of residues Asp 51 and Asp 369 in the active site and the surface loop (406-410) which remains partially disordered. In the three-dimensional structure of intermediate II, both Asp 51 and Asp 369 are essentially in a native-like conformation, but the main chain of residues 406-408 within the loop is still not fully ordered. The D153G mutant protein exhibits weak, reversible, time dependent metal binding in solution and in the crystalline state.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Deep learning for the automation of particle analysis in catalyst layers for polymer electrolyte fuel cells (2021)

The rapidly growing use of imaging infrastructure in the energy materials domain drives significant data accumulation in terms of their amount and complexity. The applications of routine techniques for image processing in materials research are often <i>ad hoc</i>, indiscriminate, and empirical, which renders the crucial task of obtaining reliable metrics for quantifications obscure. Moreover, these techniques are expensive, slow, and often involve several preprocessing steps. This paper presents a novel deep learning-based approach for the high-throughput analysis of the particle size distributions from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images of carbon-supported catalysts for polymer electrolyte fuel cells. A dataset of 40 high-resolution TEM images at different magnification levels, from 10 to 100 nm scales, was annotated manually. This dataset was used to train the U-Net model, with the StarDist formulation for the loss function, for the nanoparticle segmentation task. StarDist reached a precision of 86%, recall of 85%, and an F1-score of 85% by training on datasets as small as thirty images. The segmentation maps outperform models reported in the literature for a similar problem, and the results on particle size analyses agree well with manual particle size measurements, albeit at a significantly lower cost.
Characterization of Ce-doped Li2O–ZnO–P2O5 Glasses for Thermal Neutron Detection (2022)

We have investigated the scintillation properties of Ce-doped Li 2 O-ZnO-P 2 O 5 glasses. The samples were prepared using a conventional melt-quenching method with low heating temperatures from 900 to 950 C. All the samples showed halo patterns in their X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns. In the X-ray-induced scintillation spectra, each sample showed a single emission peak that can be ascribed to luminescence due to the 5d-4f transitions of Ce 3+ ions. In the pulse height spectra of the samples, thermal neutron detection peaks were observed. Their light yields were estimated to be approximately 90-180 photons/neutron. Although the Cedoped Li 2 O-ZnO-P 2 O 5 glasses show low light yields, they can be regarded as thermal neutron scintillators that can be produced with low heating temperatures.
Relaxation mechanism of ferroelectric switching in Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films (2001)

The polarization reversal process of tetragonal Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 thin films has been intensively studied using conventional hysteresis and rectangle pulse measurements. Decreasing the voltage level of the pulses significantly slows down the polarization switching to the range of milliseconds. The switching current response shows a Curie–von Schweidler behavior over a broad time range. The transient current and the frequency dependence of the P–V loops of these films compared to the properties of ferroelectric single crystals show some similarities but also significant differences. The theoretical models of the classical ferroelectric phase transition and especially the conditions of the pulse measurements in single crystals and thin films are discussed. It leads to the conclusion that it is not the domain wall structure and domain wall motion that determine the polarization reversal but dissipative polarization processes which can take place in both ferroelectric and nonferroelectric high-k dielectric thin films.
Predicting the Effects of Sea Surface Scatter on Broadband Pulse Propagation With an Ocean Acoustic Parabolic Equation Model (2004)

Littoral waters when compared to the open ocean create an environment of greater reverberation with acoustic energy scattering from the sea surface, bottom, topographic features, and regions that lack homogeneity within the volume. If the ocean surface is rough on the scale of an acoustic wavelength, considerable scattering can occur that can significantly influence coherent propagation. Because the rough surface is also evolving dynamically such scattering can introduce Doppler shifting and spreading of the acoustic pulse spectrum. This thesis builds upon prior efforts in ocean acoustic modeling and is focused on examining surface scattering and its affect upon coherent propagation. The dynamics/physics associated with sea surface scattering are explored in detail and mathematical relationships are developed and employed in revisions to the Monterey Miami Parabolic Equation (MMPE) model. The thesis provides background information associated with the MMPE and highlights earlier work related to surface scattering. It presents a formal analysis of an exact surface scattering approach in the context of a continuous wave (CW) benchmark exercise and the Doppler shifts associated with a dynamic rough surface. It expands on prior rough sea surface work to include modeling based on an empirical fetch-limited ocean wave spectrum and compares modeling results with measured data. Interest in broadband pulse propagation in shallow water is increasing with the need for improved active sonar systems and with the growth of applications such as underwater acoustic communications.
Cytoprotection by Bcl-2 Requires the Pore-forming α5 and α6 Helices (1998)

We explored whether the putative channel-forming fifth and sixth alpha-helices of Bcl-2 and Bax account for Bcl-2-mediated cell survival and Bax-induced cell death in mammalian cells and in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When alpha5-alpha6 were either deleted or swapped with each other, the Bcl-2Deltaalpha5alpha6 deletion mutant and Bcl-2-Bax(alpha5alpha6) chimeric protein failed to block apoptosis induced by either Bax or staurosporine in human cells and were unable to prevent Bax-induced cell death in yeast, implying that the alpha5-alpha6 region of Bcl-2 is essential for its cytoprotective function. Additional experiments indicated that, although alpha5-alpha6 is necessary, it is also insufficient for the anti-apoptotic activity of Bcl-2. In contrast, deletion or substitution of alpha5-alpha6 in Bax reduced but did not abrogate apoptosis induction in human cells, whereas it did completely nullify cytotoxic activity in yeast, implying that the pore-forming segments of Bax are critical for conferring a lethal phenotype in yeast but not necessarily in human cells. BaxDeltaalpha5alpha6 and Bax-Bcl-2(alpha5alpha6) also retained the ability to dimerize with Bcl-2. Bax therefore may have redundant mechanisms for inducing apoptosis in mammalian cells, based on its ability to form alpha5-alpha6-dependent channels in membranes and to dimerize with and antagonize anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2.
Error Control Coding (2016)

This chapter presents a summary of the underlying error control coding principles in order to better describe the coding methods used in broadband telecommunications systems. Modulo-2 operation facilitates the measurement of an important metric in error control coding, the codeword distance, defined as the number of places two codewords differ. Most error correction coding techniques, also known as forward error correction (FEC) codes of interest to broadband telecommunications are based on modulo-2 binary arithmetic and generator polynomial. Two classes of error correction codes exist, block codes and convolutional codes, and both classes can perform near capacity limits as derived from the Shannon theorem. The chapter illustrates the point that error control coding techniques create mathematical relationships between data bits and parity bits to enable the receiver to detect/correct reception errors.
Site‐Specific in vivo Labeling of Proteins for NMR Studies (2004)

Unnatural amino acid mutagenesis was used for the site-specific incorporation of an isotopically labeled amino acid, shown here, into a protein in vivo, and protein amounts sufficient for NMR studies were produced.
On the Foundation of NOMA and its Application to 5G Cellular Networks (2017)

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is recognized today as a most promising technology for future 5G cellular networks and a large number of papers have been published on the subject over the past few years. Interestingly, none of these authors seems to be aware that the foundation of NOMA actually dates back to the year 2000, when a series of papers introduced and investigated multiple access schemes using two sets of orthogonal signal waveforms and iterative interference cancellation at the receiver. The purpose of this paper is to shed light on that early literature and to describe a practical scheme based on that concept, which is particularly attractive for Machine-Type Communications (MTC) in future 5G cellular networks. Using this approach, NOMA appears as a convenient extension of orthogonal multiple access rather than a strictly competing technology, and most important of all, the power imbalance between the transmitted user signals that is required to make the receiver work in other NOMA schemes is not required here.
A high-fidelity building performance simulation test bed for the development and evaluation of advanced controls (2022)

We present an open-source building performance simulation test bed, the Advanced Controls Test Bed (ACTB), that interfaces high-fidelity Spawn of EnergyPlus building models, with advanced controllers implemented in Python. The ACTB leverages the Building Optimization Testing and Alfalfa platforms for managing simulations, providing an external clock, a representational state transfer (REST) application programming interface (API), and key performance indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of control strategies. The REST API allows the development of external controllers programmed in languages such as Python, which provides flexibility and a rich choice of scientific libraries for designing control sequences. We present three test cases based on the U.S. Department of Energy's Reference Small Office Building to demonstrate the ACTB's capabilities: (a) rule-based controls compliant with ASHRAE Guideline 36 control sequences; (b) an economic model predictive control implemented using do-mpc; and (c) a deep Q-network reinforcement learning agent implemented using OpenAI Gym.Abbreviations: ACTB: Advanced Controller Test Bed; AHU: Air Handling Unit; AI:Artificial Intelligence; API: Application Programming Interface; BEM: Building EnergyModeling; BSS: Best Subset Selection; DOE: Department of Energy; DQN: Deep-QNetwork; EKF: Extended Kalman Filter; FMI: Functional Mock-up Interface; FMU:Functional Mock-up Unit; FSS: Forward Stepwise Selection; HVAC: Heating; Ventilationand Air Conditioning; KPI: Key Performance Indicator; LTI: Linear Time-Invariant; MBL: Modelica Buildings Library; MHE: Moving Horizon Estimator; MPC: ModelPredictive Control; N4SID: Numerical Subspace State-Space System Identification; REST: Representational State Transfer; RL: Reinforcement Learning; ROM: Reducedorder model
Elimination of the nonionic contrast medium iopromide in end-stage renal failure by hemodialysis. (1989)

The increasing life-expectancy of patients with end-stage renal failure has led to a significant increase of diagnostic and interventional radiologic measures. The contrast media used in these procedures, however, are excreted only very slowly, due to the renal failure. We have therefore studied the elimination of the nonionic x-ray contrast medium iopromide (Ultravist) during dialysis in nine anuric patients with end-stage renal failure. All of the patients received 100 ml iopromide (30 g iodine) for the visualization of their Cimino-Brescia shunt. They were then dialyzed 30 minutes after the injection. The plasma iodine concentration declined from 1.7 to 0.7 mg I/ml plasma during the 3-hour dialysis treatment. The iopromide clearance was a constant 80 ml/min. This is the equivalent of a relative dialysance of 65% of the creatinine clearance. There were no incidences of side effects requiring therapy in this high-risk group of patients. The quality of the image was good in all cases. Iopromide proved itself to be an x-ray contrast medium with a low rate of side effects, which can be effectively eliminated from the body by means of conventional dialysis.
Supplementary Figure 1 and 2 from Modulation of EZH2 Expression by MEK-ERK or PI3K-AKT Signaling in Lung Cancer Is Dictated by Different KRAS Oncogene Mutations (2023)

&lt;p&gt;EZH2 and MEK-ERK and PI3K/AKT signaling pathway expression in lung adenocarcinoma and HBEC cell lines KRAS wild-type and with different amino acid substitutions in codon 12 KRAS mutants and Sensitivity in vitro to AZD6244 and MK2206 was significantly increased in the presence of highly selective EZH2 inhibitor GSK343, EPZ6438 and GSK126 in NSCLC cells expressing mutant KRASG12C and KRASG12D, respectively&lt;/p&gt;
From the lab to the world (2011)

We present the Pointing Magnifier as a case study for understanding the issues and challenges of deploying lab-validated pointing facilitation techniques into the real world. The Pointing Magnifier works by magnifying the contents of an area cursor to allow for selection in a magnified visual and motor space. The technique has been shown in prior lab studies to be effective at reducing the need for fine pointing for motor-impaired users. We highlight key design and technical challenges in bringing the technique, and such techniques in general, from the lab to the field.
Publisher's Note: “Structural consequences of hydrogen intercalation of epitaxial graphene on SiC(0001)” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 105, 161602 (2014)] (2015)

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Residential DC House Cost Benefit Analysis (2018)

DC houses have a number of advantages over conventional AC houses in scenarios where DC distributed resources are integrated and much of the load is also DC. This paper proposes two types of DC house configurations based on FREEDM system solid-state transformer (SST) technology. In order to make a financial case for the DC house, a simulation test bed has been developed. Four types of houses with rooftop PV are modeled: AC house, retrofit DC house, FREEDM hybrid and FREEDM DC house. Annual simulation has been performed for five different locations and the hourly energy usage is estimated. From this, a comprehensive cost benefit analysis has been performed .Net present value and internal rate of return are used as the basis of comparison. The results show that FREEDM DC house is the most cost effective configuration among these four types of houses in the future where rooftop PV and EV are more commonly adopted.