gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Light Paraffinic Naphtha to BTX Aromatics over Metal‐Modified Pt/ZSM‐5 (2020)

Abstract We investigated the conversion of light paraffinic naphtha (C5‐C6) into BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) aromatics using 1.0 wt % Pt‐M/ZSM‐5 (modifier M=1 wt% Zn, 2 wt % of Fe, La, Ga) prepared using wet‐impregnation method. The effects of Pt and modifier on light naphtha conversion, yield and aromatic selectivity (benzene, toluene, xylene, C9+ aromatics) were studied in fixed‐bed flow reactor in atmospheric pressure, at 550 °C, and WHSV 1.0 h −1 . Catalytic efficiency of modified Pt or Pt‐M ZSM‐5 catalysts has been equated to conventional ZSM‐5 [Si/Al 2 =30] catalyst. While the yield of total aromatics was slightly increased over Pt/ZSM‐5 comparison to parent ZSM‐5 from 32 wt % to 37 wt %, the value for in situ formed mesoporous Pt‐Ga/ZSM‐5 was significantly improved reaching 60 wt %. The higher selectivity to aromatics is attributed to the induced mesoporous volumes and dehydrogenation activity of Ga species. These species associated with Pt were effective in the conversion of light naphtha to olefins, which later converted into aromatics by secondary reactions: cracking, isomerization and dimerization. The Pt‐Ga/ZSM‐5 showed good stability toward the selective production of aromatics at a low toluene/benzene ratio ∼0.5 due to Pt component.
Absorption Processes of n-Butenes in Sulfuric Acid. 1. Determination of Di-sec-butyl Sulfate, Di-sec-Butyl Ether, and sec-Butyl Alcohol by High-Resolution Gas Chromatography (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAbsorption Processes of n-Butenes in Sulfuric Acid. 1. Determination of Di-sec-butyl Sulfate, Di-sec-Butyl Ether, and sec-Butyl Alcohol by High-Resolution Gas ChromatographyJose L. Mazzei, Francisco R. de Aquino Neto, and Jose L. F. MonteiroCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1994, 33, 5, 1259–1263Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00029a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (571 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Controlling the Bandgaps of One-Dimensional TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, TiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;, and SiO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;/SnO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; Photonic Crystals Using the Transfer Matrix Method (2022)

One-dimensional photonic crystals (1D PhCs) have a unique ability to control the propagation of light waves, however certain classes of 1D oxides remain relatively unexplored for use as PhCs. Specifically, there has not been a comparative study of the three different 1D PhC structures to compare the influence of layer thickness, number, and refractive index on the ability of the PhCs to control light transmission. Herein, we use the transfer matrix method (TMM) to theoretically examine the transmission of 1D PhCs composed of layers of TiO2/SiO2, TiO2/SnO2, SiO2/SnO2, and combinations of the three with various top and bottom layer thicknesses to cover a substantial region of the electromagnetic spectrum (UV to NIR). With increasing layer numbers for TiO2/SiO2 and SiO2/SnO2, the edges became sharper and wider and the photonic bandgap width increased. Moreover, we demonstrated that PhCs with significantly thick TiO2/SiO2 layers had a high transmittance for a wide bandgap, allowing for wide-band optical filter applications. These different PhC architectures could enable a variety of applications, depending on the properties needed.
Constraints on parton distribution functions and extraction of the strong coupling constant from the inclusive jet cross section in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 7$$ s = 7 $$\,\text {TeV}$$ TeV (2015)

The inclusive jet cross section for proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7[Formula: see text] was measured by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC with data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.0[Formula: see text]. The measurement covers a phase space up to 2[Formula: see text] in jet transverse momentum and 2.5 in absolute jet rapidity. The statistical precision of these data leads to stringent constraints on the parton distribution functions of the proton. The data provide important input for the gluon density at high fractions of the proton momentum and for the strong coupling constant at large energy scales. Using predictions from perturbative quantum chromodynamics at next-to-leading order, complemented with electroweak corrections, the constraining power of these data is investigated and the strong coupling constant at the Z boson mass [Formula: see text] is determined to be [Formula: see text], which is in agreement with the world average.
Determining Suitable Agronomic Practices for Short‐Season Irrigated Dry Bean Production (1992)

Dry bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) has potential as an irrigated crop in south‐central Saskatchewan. The objective of this study was to identify basic agronomic practices which are best suited to this short‐season crop production area. A series of experiments was conducted at Outlook (51 °N, 107 °E) over 3 yr on a Typic Haploboroll soil. Cultivars representing three market classes: navy (D76‐125 or Seaforth), pink (Viva), and pinto (UI 111) were used in all experiments. Seeding dates ranged from 20 May to 10 June and harvest dates were at five weekly intervals beginning at physiological maturity in separate experiments. Three cultivars were seeded at five rates (1.4, 2.8, 4.2, and 5.6 seeds/sq ft) at row spacings of 12 and 24 in. In addition, four cultivars were either direct‐combined or hand‐pulled in 12‐ or 24‐in. rows. On average, maximum yields were realized by seeding during the last week of May. Delaying harvest after physiological maturity did not result in significant ( P ≤ 0.05) yield losses due to shattering. The cultivar × seeding rate interaction for grain yield was due to the low yield of Seaforth navy bean when it was substituted for D76‐125 navy bean in 1988. Averaged over years, cultivars, and seeding rates, slightly higher yields (4%) were produced by the 24‐in. row spacing. Differential white mold [ Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary] infection due to cultivar growth habit and row spacing, contributed to the cultivar × row spacing interaction and resulted in higher yields in the 24‐in. row spacing, especially for the prostrate vine cultivar UI 111 pinto. Estimated harvest losses due to direct‐combining ranged from 4 to 22% (x̅ = 13%), depending on the cultivar and row spacing, and were low enough that direct combining is acceptable. Averaged over the four experiments in this study, Viva pink bean yielded 19 and 47% more than UI 111 pinto bean and the navy bean cultivars, respectively.
Operational information content capacity (2011)

Tactical networks should be optimized to deliver the maximum amount of useful information from which decisions may be made. This requires that both the quality and amount of information be considered. The quality of information may be judged by both intrinsic and contextual attributes. We define the operational information content capacity (OICC) as the measure of the amount of useful information a network can deliver. In this paper we discuss several ways to quantify OICC and determine the residual information content capacity in a network based on a set of information requests. We first define functions which relate specific metrics to the quality of a piece of information to be used for a certain purpose. From this we determine the amount of data required to deliver the information to its recipient and the resultant "information bits" which can be derived. We then provide two illustrative examples highlighting the use of OICC.
5-Aminolevulinic acid hydrochloride enhances bupivacaine-induced hypotension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2023)

These findings suggest that 5-ALA-HCl does not affect the antihypertensive agents-induced hypotensive effect, but enhances the bupivacaine-induced hypotensive effect, especially in SHRs, indicating that 5-ALA may contribute to anesthesia-induced hypotension via suppression of sympathetic nerve activity in patients with hypertension.
Acoustic communication and navigation in the Arctic Ocean (2008)

Acoustic communication and navigation in the Arctic usually implies surface interaction because of the upward refracting profile. While open water leeds and polyna exist, sensors must also be deployed beneath the ice. Nominal roughness of several meters plus ubiquitous ice keels all lead to complicated multipath propagation typically of durations from 0.1 to 10 seconds. Pack ice drifts at scales of 0.1-0.2 nm/s leading to doppler shifts/spreads of 2 - 8 Hz at 10-20 kHz carriers. These lead to highly spread channels with lots of ISI. Wise signal and code designs coupled with equalizers are critical to successful performance of acomms system even at low rates. Navigation such as by long base line systems encounter the same multipath. Path detectors and trackers are easily confused in determining interactions with the underside of the ice cover. Often, first arrivals are weak and do not trigger detectors. This leads to "lane" skipping by tracking algorthms and sychonization errors for acomms. This implies clever "track association" algorithms to identify the arrival patterns and then transform them to locations which move with ice drift. This presentation outlines acoustic problems which communicaton and navigation systems must overcome using data take from several Arctic experiments.
CountNet: Estimating the Number of Concurrent Speakers Using Supervised Learning (2018)

Estimating the maximum number of concurrent speakers from single-channel mixtures is a challenging problem and an essential first step to address various audio-based tasks such as blind source separation, speaker diarization, and audio surveillance. We propose a unifying probabilistic paradigm, where deep neural network architectures are used to infer output posterior distributions. These probabilities are in turn processed to yield discrete point estimates. Designing such architectures often involves two important and complementary aspects that we investigate and discuss. First, we study how recent advances in deep architectures may be exploited for the task of speaker count estimation. In particular, we show that convolutional recurrent neural networks outperform recurrent networks used in a previous study when adequate input features are used. Even for short segments of speech mixtures, we can estimate up to five speakers, with a significantly lower error than other methods. Second, through comprehensive evaluation, we compare the best-performing method to several baselines, as well as the influence of gain variations, different data sets, and reverberation. The output of our proposed method is compared to human performance. Finally, we give insights into the strategy used by our proposed method.
Topological Charge Detection Using Generalized Contour-Sum Method from Distorted Donut-Shaped Optical Vortex Beams: Experimental Comparison of Closed Path Determination Methods (2019)

A generalized contour-sum method has been proposed to measure the topological charge (TC) of an optical vortex (OV) beam using a Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor (SH-WFS). Moreover, a recent study extended it to be workable for measuring an aberrated OV beam. However, when the OV beam suffers from severe distortion, the closed path for circulation calculation becomes crucial. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of five closed path determination methods, including watershed transformation, maximum average-intensity circle extraction, a combination of watershed transformation and maximum average-intensity circle extraction, and perfectly round circles assignation. In the experiments, we used a phase-only spatial light modulator to generate OV beams and aberrations, while an SH-WFS was used to measure the intensity profile and phase slopes. The results show that when determining the TC values of distorted donut-shaped OV beams, the watershed-transformed maximum average-intensity circle method performed the best, and the maximum average-intensity circle method and the watershed transformation method came second and third, while the worst was the perfect circles assignation method. The discussions that explain our experimental results are also given.
Genetic Association Study between Senile Dementia of Alzheimer’s Type and APOE/C1/C2 Gene Cluster (1996)

Senile dementia of Alzheimer's type (SDAT) is characterized by progressive deficits of multiple cognitive functions in elderly more than 65 years of age. The APOE-epsilon 4 allele has been shown to be a risk factor for SDAT. To investigate the genetic interactions between SDAT and the APOE/APOC1/APOC2 gene cluster located at 19q13.2, we genotyped these genes in patients with SDAT and nondemented controls. Although allelic associations were found between the APOC1 locus and SDAT (p = 0.0022) as well as between the APOE locus and SDAT (p < 0.0001), no associations were detected between the APOC2 locus and SDAT. And the association between the APOE and APOC1 locus in SDAT was statistically more significant than that in controls (p < 0.001). Estimation of the haplotype frequencies indicated that the association between the APOE/APOC1 haplotype and SDAT was more significant than linkage disequilibrium between the APOE and APOC1 locus (p < 0.01). These results suggest that genetic interaction between the APOE and APOC1 gene could modify a risk factor of APOE-epsilon 4 for SDAT. The APOE/APOC1 locus was estimated to be responsible for 54.8% of SDAT in the Japanese population.
Solidification of Emulsified Polymer Solutions via Phase Inversion (SEPPI): A Generic Way To Prepare Polymers with Controlled Porosity (2008)

Porous polymeric structures with controlled porosity were prepared using a new approach involving solidification of emulsified polymer solutions via phase inversion (SEPPI). The new method starts from a polymeric emulsion for which the presence of nanosized particles or surfactants is crucial. Subsequent solidification of such emulsion is realized by simple contact with a polymer nonsolvent. The resulting solids exhibit spherical pores for which the emulsion droplets act as template. The preparation method allows easy control over pore morphology by tuning a number of easily accessible parameters, mainly at the level of the emulsion itself. A wide variety of polymers, including biocompatible and biodegradable polymers, can thus be turned into porous materials. Two typical applications in controlled release and solvent resistant nanofiltration are presented, illustrating the real practical utility of the presented method. Compared with the commonly used methods to prepare porous polymers, the presented method has a large potential since it (1) is applicable to a wide range of different polymers, (2) shows simply accessible flexibility in structural properties, such as porosity, pore size, pore interconnectivity, and pore wall functionality, (3) involves no chemical reaction in the polymer hardening process, and (4) allows creation of porous materials with an asymmetric structure.
Configurations, Power Topologies and Applications of Hybrid Distribution Transformers (2021)

Distribution systems are under constant stress due to their highly variable operating conditions, which jeopardize distribution transformers and lines, degrading the end-user service. Due to transformer regulation, variable loads can generate voltage profiles out of the acceptable bands recommended by grid codes, affecting the quality of service. At the same time, nonlinear loads, such as diode bridge rectifiers without power factor correction systems, generate nonlinear currents that affect the distribution transformer operation, reducing its lifetime. Variable loads can be commonly found at domiciliary levels due to the random operation of home appliances, but recently also due to electric vehicle charging stations, where the distribution transformer can cyclically vary between no-load, rated and overrated load. Thus, the distribution transformer can not safely operate under highly-dynamic and stressful conditions, requiring the support of alternative systems. Among the existing solutions, hybrid transformers, which are composed of a conventional transformer and a power converter, are an interesting alternative to cope with several power quality problems. This article is a review of the available literature about hybrid distribution transformers.
Electric field applications enhance the electron transfer capacity of dissolved organic matter in sludge compost (2022)

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in heavy metal passivation and organic pollutant degradation owing to its redox ability. The structure and composition of DOM are determinants of redox ability changes during composting. Electric field-assisted aerobic composting (EAAC) has been shown to promote the degradation and humification of organic matter in compost. However, how EAAC affects the redox ability of DOM remains unclear. Hence, electron transfer capacity (ETC) of DOM extracted from EAAC was studied using the electrochemical method. Various spectral methods, such as excitation-emission matrix and ultraviolet and visible spectrophotometry were used to study the relationship of ETC with the compositional and structural changes of DOM. Results indicated that EAAC enhanced ETC of DOM at the later stage of composting, and ETC of DOM extracted from the final EAAC product was 10.4% higher than that of the control group. Spectral and correlation analyses showed that EAAC resulted in structural and compositional changes of DOM, and humification degree, aromatic compounds, molecular weight, and fulvic- and humic-like substance contents were improved in EAAC. This conversion increased ETC of DOM. Results of this study will contribute to the understanding of the redox of DOM and in expanding the application of EAAC products.
INSPIRE: A European training network to foster research and training in cardiovascular safety pharmacology (2020)

Safety pharmacology is an essential part of drug development aiming to identify, evaluate and investigate undesirable pharmacodynamic properties of a drug primarily prior to clinical trials. In particular, cardiovascular adverse drug reactions (ADR) have halted many drug development programs. Safety pharmacology has successfully implemented a screening strategy to detect cardiovascular liabilities, but there is room for further refinement. In this setting, we present the INSPIRE project, a European Training Network in safety pharmacology for Early Stage Researchers (ESRs), funded by the European Commission's H2020-MSCA-ITN programme. INSPIRE has recruited 15 ESR fellows that will conduct an individual PhD-research project for a period of 36 months. INSPIRE aims to be complementary to ongoing research initiatives. With this as a goal, an inventory of collaborative research initiatives in safety pharmacology was created and the ESR projects have been designed to be complementary to this roadmap. Overall, INSPIRE aims to improve cardiovascular safety evaluation, either by investigating technological innovations or by adding mechanistic insight in emerging safety concerns, as observed in the field of cardio-oncology. Finally, in addition to its hands-on research pillar, INSPIRE will organize a number of summer schools and workshops that will be open to the wider community as well. In summary, INSPIRE aims to foster both research and training in safety pharmacology and hopes to inspire the future generation of safety scientists.
Novel Real- Time EMT- TS Modeling Architecture for Feeder Blackstart Simulations (2022)

This paper presents the development and bench-marking of a novel real-time electromagnetic-transient and transient-stability (EMT- TS) modeling architecture for distribution feeder restoration studies. The work presents for the first time in the literature a real-time EMT- TS testbed in which the grid-forming unit is simulated in EMT domain, operating as the slack bus of the phasor domain while including unbalanced voltage conditions. To evaluate the performance and limitations of the proposed model, an equivalent EMT testbed is developed to serve as a benchmark. First, the co-simulation framework and the domain coupling methodology are introduced. Next, the steady-state operation of the EMT- TS and EMT models are matched. Then, tests are conducted to analyze the transient performance of the proposed EMT-TS model when compared to its EMT benchmark. Results reveal that when utilizing a battery energy storage system (BESS) as the grid-forming unit, the EMT- TS testbed can maintain high accuracy for typical load steps.
Intensive multimodality therapy for patients with stage 4a metastatic retinoblastoma (2010)

Intensive multimodality therapy including high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell rescue was curative for the majority of patients with stage 4a metastatic retinoblastoma treated. The contribution of external beam radiation therapy is unclear.
The Dose-Effect Safety Profile of Skeletal Muscle Precursor Cell Therapy in a Dog Model of Intrinsic Urinary Sphincter Deficiency (2015)

Locally injected skeletal muscle precursor cells (skMPCs) integrate into and restore the muscle layers, innervation, vasculature, and function of the sphincter complex in animal models of intrinsic urinary sphincter deficiency (ISD). The goal of the present study was to test the dose-effect safety profile of skMPC therapy in a dog model of ISD. Sphincter deficiency was created in 20 adult female dogs by surgically removing the skeletal muscle layer of the urinary sphincter complex. skMPCs isolated from the hind leg were expanded in culture and injected 4 weeks later into the sphincter complex at a dose of 25 million cells (n = 5), 50 million cells (n = 5), or 100 million cells (n = 5) per milliliter in a 2-ml volume. Five dogs received no sphincter injection. The measures of maximal sphincter pressure, complete blood count, and blood chemistry were performed monthly until their sacrifice at 9 months. At that point, full necropsy was performed to assess the safety of the skMPC injections. Injection of different doses of cells had no effects on the body weight, blood cell count, or kidney or liver function test results (p > .05 among the skMPC doses). Some incidental pathologic features were found in the lower urinary tract in all groups and were most likely associated with repeat catheterization. The maximal urinary sphincter pressure was higher in the 50 million cells per milliliter treatment group than in the other experimental groups (p < .05). The findings of the present study have confirmed that urinary sphincter injection of skMPCs results in no significant local or systemic pathologic features within the dose range that improves sphincter pressures.
Photoreaction of Some 5‐Alkylidene‐2,5‐dihydroisoxazoles: Facile Construction of Novel Unclassical β‐Lactam Containing Heterocycles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.