gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semi-guiding high-aspect-ratio core (SHARC) fiber providing single-mode operation and an ultra-large core area in a compact coilable package (2011)

A new class of optical fiber is presented that departs from the circular-core symmetry common to conventional fibers. By using a high-aspect-ratio (~30:1) rectangular core, the mode area can be significantly expanded well beyond 10,000 μm2. Moreover, by also specifying a very small refractive-index step at the narrow core edges, the core becomes "semi-guiding," i.e. it guides in the narrow dimension and is effectively un-guiding in the wide mm-scale dimension. The mode dependence of the resulting Fresnel leakage loss in the wide dimension strongly favors the fundamental mode, promoting single-mode operation. Since the modal loss ratios are independent of mode area, this core structure offers nearly unlimited scalability. The implications of using such a fiber in fiber laser and amplifier systems are also discussed.
Modeling and simulation of integrated luminescence detection platforms (2003)

We developed a simulation model of an integrated CMOS-based imaging platform for use with bioluminescent DNA microarrays. We formulate the complete kinetic model of ATP based assays and luciferase label-based assays. The model first calculates the number of photons generated per unit time, i.e., photon flux, based upon the kinetics of the light generation process of luminescence probes. The photon flux coupled with the system geometry is then used to calculate the number of photons incident on the photodetector plane. Subsequently the characteristics of the imaging array including the photodetector spectral response, its dark current density, and the sensor conversion gain are incorporated. The model also takes into account different noise sources including shot noise, reset noise, readout noise and fixed pattern noise. Finally, signal processing algorithms are applied to the image to enhance detection reliability and hence increase the overall system throughput. We will present simulations and preliminary experimental results.
Collaborative Resource Management for Video Over Wireless Multi-Hop Mesh Networks (2006)

In this paper, we consider the problem of real-time multimedia transmission among several peers (users). The peers use a heterogeneous wireless multi-hop mesh network for the delivery of these high-bandwidth streams. One of the main challenges of the considered problem is the division of the scarce wireless resources among the various peers. To address this problem, we propose an efficient, distributed and collaborative framework for wireless resource exchanges that enables peers to divide available wireless resources among themselves based on their quality of service (QoS) requirements, the underlying channel conditions and network topology. The scalable coding of the video content and decomposition of video flows into various sub-flows (priorities) allow peers to transfer the video at different quality levels, depending on the network load. Users collaboratively decide which of their sub-flows to admit, and which paths these sub-flows should be transmitted on in order to maximize a system defined utility. Our results show that with user collaboration, these distributed algorithms provide system and user performance comparable to a centralized exhaustive implementation.
Formal Specification and Verification of Smart Contracts for Azure Blockchain (2018)

Ensuring correctness of smart contracts is paramount to ensuring trust in blockchain-based systems. This paper studies the safety and security of smart contracts in the \emph{Azure Blockchain Workbench}, an enterprise Blockchain-as-a-Service offering from Microsoft. As part of this study, we formalize \emph{semantic conformance} of smart contracts against a state machine model with access-control policy and develop a highly-automated formal verifier for Solidity that can produce proofs as well as counterexamples. We have applied our verifier {\sc VeriSol} to analyze {\it all} contracts shipped with the Azure Blockchain Workbench, which includes application samples as well as a governance contract for Proof of Authority (PoA). We have found previously unknown bugs in these published smart contracts. After fixing these bugs, {\sc VeriSol} was able to successfully perform full verification for all of these contracts.
Detailed Determination of the Tl+ Positions in Zeolite Tl−ZSM-5. Single-Crystal Structures of Fully Dehydrated Tl−ZSM-5 and H−ZSM-5 (MFI, Si/Al = 29). Additional Evidence for a Nonrandom Distribution of Framework Aluminum (2009)

The structures of the fully exchanged, fully dehydrated zeolites Tl−ZSM-5 (a = 20.064(1), b = 19.946(1), c = 13.416(1) Å) and H−ZSM-5 (a = 20.079(1), b = 19.948(1), c = 13.419(1) Å) have been determined crystallographically using modestly twinned single crystals and synchrotron X-radiation. They were refined in the orthorhombic space group Pnma to R1 = 0.071 and 0.066 with 3962 and 4278 reflections, respectively, for which Fo > 4σ(Fo). The geometry of the zeolite framework in both crystals (MFI, Al3.2Si92.8O192, Si/Al = 29) is very similar to that in earlier determinations. The ZSM-5 framework and Tl+ positions are described using the four nonequivalent partially overlapping 10-rings (R), the two channel systems (C), the channel intersection volume, and the cove of the ZC. The latter two comprise the conventionally defined cavity. The zigzag (sinusoidal) channel (ZC) passes through R1, R3, and R4; the straight channel (SC) passes through R2. A total of 3.3(2) Tl+ ions per unit cell were found scattered among 18 crystallographically distinct positions. Based on their positions near R1, R2, and R3, these positions may be classified into three groups (Gn, n = 1−3), each with two general cation sites (Sn and Sn′). Of the 18 Tl+ positions, six are in the intersection volume (at S2′ in G2), 11 are elsewhere in the ZC (in G1 and G3), and one is elsewhere in the SC (at S2) just outside the intersection volume. Among the six general cation sites, S1′ at the mouth of the cove has the highest Tl+ population, 28% of the total. Of the 18 Tl+ positions, 14 bond strongly to framework oxygen atoms with 2.68(4) < Tl−O < 2.87(5) Å (Tl+ + O2− radii = 2.79 Å); three other shortest distances range upward to 2.97(5) Å; one at 3.18(10) Å appears to be an unresolved position. The framework sites (T) that Al atoms preferentially occupy are identified from Tl+ occupancies and Tl−O bond distances. Using Tl−O < 2.70 Å, the order is T10 (most preferred) > T6. The preference of Al for the T10 site remains when longer, less reliable but more comprehensive, Tl−O bond length criteria are used. Using Tl−O < 2.80 Å, the order is T10 > T6 ∼ T9 > T5 > T4 > T2 > T12 > T7 > T11, and with Tl−O < 2.90 Å, the preference order includes all 12 T sites: T10 > T3 > T2 > T12 > T6 ∼ T9 > T5 > T4 > T8 > T7 > T11 > T1. T10 is a member of R4, the 10-ring that is common to the intersection volume and the cove.
A Systematic Study of the Temperature-Induced Performance Decline of ansa-Metallocenes for iPP (2020)

Highly accurate high-throughput experimentation (HTE) data for a set of 21 silicon-bridged C2-symmetric ansa-zirconocenes in propene homopolymerization were collected and were used to develop quant...
Assembly and Immunogenicity of Chimeric Gag–Env Proteins Derived from the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1996)

We evaluated the potential of the precursor Gag protein (Pr55) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) as a carrier for the presentation of envelope epitopes. Recombinant chimeric core-envelope protein-expressing constructs were derived by deletion of regions within the gag gene, especially of regions encoding p24 capsid epitopes. Sequences encoding either the principal neutralization determinant (PND) and/or the CD4-binding domains (CD4BS) were then inserted. Deletion of residues 196-226 within the p24 capsid protein did not prevent self-assembly into virus-like particles (VLPs) whereas deletion of residues 299-328 completely abolished VLP formation. Thus the major homology region (MHR) and proximal sequences are required for capsid assembly. An immunization study in mice showed that assembled chimeric proteins elicited strong anti-Gag, weak anti-envelope, and no neutralizing humoral responses. Nonassembled chimeric proteins were poor immunogens. Mapping of Pr55 antigenic sites using sera from immunized mice and peptides overlapping the entire Gag precursor showed that p24 capsid and p17 matrix epitopes presented to the immune system differed from the mature form (p24 or p17) and the multimeric immature form (Pr55).
Experimental Study Treatment of wide-necked aneurysms with balloon-expandable polyurethane-covered stentgrafts: experience in an animal model (2005)

Summary Objective. Endovascular treatment of intracranial wide-necked aneurysms employing stentgrafts might constitute a promising alternative to established neurosurgical or endovascular treatment options. However, there is uncertainity concerning long-term vessel patency and biocompatibility of the covering material used for these stentgrafts. The objective of our study was, therefore, to evaluate in an animal model of wide necked aneurysms, which changes within the parent vessel wall are present after stentgraft placement using polyurethane as the covering material. Methods. Wide-necked aneurysms were created in rabbits by distal ligation and intraluminal incubation of the right common carotid artery with elastase. All 10 animals were treated with polyurethane covered stentgrafts. Angiography and histological analyses were performed including immunohistochemical investigations for estimating the proliferation of the intima and possible inflammatory infiltration of the vessel wall after one (n ¼ 5) and three months (n ¼ 5) observation. Results. Stentgrafts led to a complete and stable aneurysm occlusion in all but one animal in which the stent was initially misplaced. In one animal, the stentgraft was completely occluded as visible both at angiography and on histological examination. Here, old thrombus was found within the stent although the animal was on antiplatelet therapy. The other stentgrafts remained patent and demonstrated only minimal proliferative carrier vessel wall changes and no in-stent stenosis. Conclusions. In previous animal models using Dacron covered stentgrafts, a poor short term patency rate due to the limited biocompatibility was found. We found, that Polyurethane seemed to have less adverse effects upon the vessel wall. However, a longer follow-up period is necessary to exclude delayed stenosis of the parent vessels. Stentgrafts may, therefore, play a role in broad based aneurysms, dissecting aneurysms or pseudoaneurysms, however, vessel sacrifice using permanent balloon occlusion may be a safer and better established alternative compared to the use of stentgrafts.
Cytokine-induced immune complex binding to the high-affinity IgG receptor, FcγRI, in the presence of monomeric IgG (2010)

FcγRI is the sole high-affinity immunoglobulin G (IgG) receptor on leukocytes. Its role in immunity and the clearance of opsonized particles has been challenged, as the receptor function may well be hindered by serum IgG. Here, we document immune complex binding by FcγRI to be readily enhanced by cytokine stimulation, whereas binding of monomeric IgG only modestly increased. Enhanced immune complex binding was independent of FcγRI surface expression levels. FcγRI, saturated with prebound IgG, was found capable of effective immune complex binding upon cytokine stimulation. Cytokine-enhanced binding was observed across a variety of immune complexes, including huIgG3- or mIgG2a-opsonized red blood cells, rituximab- or ofatumumab-opsonized B-cell lymphoma, and cetuximab-opsonized glioblastoma cells. This study contributes to our understanding of how FcγRI can participate in the clearance of opsonized particles despite saturation by monomeric IgG.
Selection and Analysis of a Mutant Cell Line Defective in the Hypoxia-inducible Factor-1 α-Subunit (HIF-1α) (1998)

Hypoxia-inducible expression has been demonstrated for many groups of mammalian genes, and studies of transcriptional control have revealed the existence of hypoxia-responsive elements (HREs) in the cis-acting sequences of several of these genes. These sequences generally contain one or more binding sites for a heterodimeric DNA binding complex termed hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1). To analyze this response further, Chinese hamster ovary cells were stably transfected with plasmids bearing HREs linked to genes encoding immunoselectable cell surface markers, and clones that showed reduced or absent hypoxia-inducible marker expression were selected from a mutagenized culture of cells. Analysis of these cells revealed several clones with transacting defects in HRE activation, and in one the defect was identified as a failure to express the alpha-subunit of HIF-1. Comparison of hypoxia-inducible gene expression in wild type, HIF-1alpha-defective, and HIF-1alpha-complemented cells revealed two types of response. For some genes (e.g. glucose transporter-1), hypoxia-inducible expression was critically dependent on HIF-1alpha, whereas for other genes (e.g. heme oxygenase-1) hypoxia-inducible expression appeared largely independent of the expression of HIF-1alpha. These experiments show the utility of mutagenesis and selection of mutant cells in the analysis of mammalian transcriptional responses to hypoxia and demonstrate the operation of HIF-1alpha-dependent and HIF-1alpha-independent pathways of hypoxia-inducible gene expression in Chinese hamster ovary cells.
Development of Bipotent Cardiac/Skeletal Myogenic Progenitors from MESP1+ Mesoderm (2016)

The branchiomeric skeletal muscles co-evolved with new chambers of the heart to enable predatory feeding in chordates. These co-evolved tissues develop from a common population in anterior splanchnic mesoderm, referred to as cardiopharyngeal mesoderm (CPM). The regulation and development of CPM are poorly understood. We describe an embryonic stem cell-based system in which MESP1 drives a PDGFRA+ population with dual cardiac and skeletal muscle differentiation potential, and gene expression resembling CPM. Using this system, we investigate the regulation of these bipotent progenitors, and find that cardiac specification is governed by an antagonistic TGFβ-BMP axis, while skeletal muscle specification is enhanced by Rho kinase inhibition. We define transcriptional signatures of the first committed CPM-derived cardiac and skeletal myogenic progenitors, and discover surface markers to distinguish cardiac (PODXL+) from the skeletal muscle (CDH4+) CPM derivatives. These tools open an accessible window on this developmentally and evolutionarily important population.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-quinolone ribosides (1993)

A. de la Cruz, J. Elguero, P. Goya, A. Martineza and E. De Clercq, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1993, 845 DOI: 10.1039/P19930000845
Design of a high-temperature and high-pressure liquid flow cell for x-ray absorption fine structure measurements under catalytic reaction conditions (2008)

The design and performance of a new high-pressure and high-temperature cell for measurement of x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectra of solid catalysts working in a flowing liquid are presented. The cell has flat, high-purity sintered cubic boron nitride (c-BN) windows which can tolerate high temperature (900 K) and high pressure (10 MPa). The c-BN is a new material which has the highest tensile strength, second only to diamond, and is also chemically and thermally stable. The use of the cell is demonstrated for measurements of PtPdAl(2)O(3) and Ni(2)PSiO(2) hydrodesulfurization catalysts at reaction conditions. A technique called delta chi (Deltachi), involving determining the difference between XAFS spectra of the sample at reaction conditions and the bare sample, is introduced.
Evaluation of ocular biometry in the Japanese population using a multicenter approach: Prospective observational study (2022)

This prospective observational study aimed to evaluate the ocular biometry of Japanese people through a multicenter approach. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA and CDVA, respectively) in the log minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), subjective and objective spherical equivalent values (SE) of ocular refraction, anterior and posterior corneal curvature (ACC and PCC, respectively), anterior and posterior corneal asphericity (ACA and PCA, respectively), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and ocular axial length (AL) were measured in the eyes of 250 participants (mean age = 46.5 ± 18.0 years, range: 20-90 years) across five institutions in Japan. The mean UDVA, CDVA, subjective SE, objective SE, ACC, PCC, ACA, PCA, CCT, ACD, and AL were 0.68, -0.08, -2.42 D, -2.66 D, 7.77 mm, 6.33 mm, -0.31, -0.39, 0.55 mm, 2.92 mm, and 24.78 mm, respectively. Age-related changes and sex-based differences were noted in the visual acuity, refraction, corneal shape, ACD, and AL. Our results serve as basis for future studies aiming to develop refractive correction methods and various vision-related fields.
Microstructure effects on the rheology of nanoclay‐filled PHB/LDPE blends (2019)

The rheological and morphological properties of the nanoclay‐filled LDPE/PHB blends using LDPE‐g‐MAH as compatibilizer were determined. SEM data showed that the morphology was more sensitive to organoclay incorporation, compared to inclusion of the compatibilizer. Moreover, the results of image analysis and rheological studies indicated that nanoclay was located in the PHB phase after migrating from the LDPE phase, due to the thermodynamic and viscosity effects. The data obtained also showed that the stabilization mechanisms of PHB and LDPE matrix nanocomposites is due to coalescence prevention (due to the physical barrier) and alteration in the viscosity ratio of the phases, respectively. The obvious, pseudo‐solid‐like behavior over a wide range of frequencies in the PHB/LDPE/nanoclay systems demonstrated that the strong interaction between PHB/LDPE and nanoclay restricted the relaxation process of polymer chains. Therefore, PHB/LDPE/nanoclay was associated with a greater melt strength, which is essential for its favorable processability and applications. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:4125–4134, 2019. © 2019 Society of Plastics Engineers
Characterization of Contact Force During Endocardial and Epicardial Ventricular Mapping (2014)

Ventricular mapping demonstrates important regional variations in CF, but in general, CF is higher endocardially than epicardially where poor catheter orientation is associated with higher CF. A transseptal approach may lead to improved contact particularly in the apicoseptal and inferior regions.
Through-the-mask (TTM) optical alignment for high volume manufacturing nanoimprint lithography systems (2020)

As the most aggressive features in advanced memory designs continue to shrink, so does the overlay budget. The number of layer stacks also creates unwanted topography, and the alignment robustness of lithography tools becomes much more important for on-product overly. Canon developed a through-the-mask moiré alignment system for the FPA-1200NZ2C nanoimprint lithography (NIL) system allowing high-speed measurement of several alignment marks within each imprint field and alignment compensation to be completed during the imprinting sequence. To provide increased process flexibility and overlay accuracy while maintaining high-productivity, we have developed a new low-noise and high-resolution moiré diffraction alignment system based on spatial phase interferometry. In this paper, we report on the TTM detection system used in FPA-1200NZ2C. In particular, the principle of moiré detection and the improvement of the detection method will be described. The measurement error of moiré is analyzed by a simplified model calculation and we confirmed the relationship between process change and alignment error. Results of analyses proved that selection of the wavelength are key factors for optimizing alignment accuracy. Based on these results we applied the following improvement items: 1) Dual Dipole illumination, 2) Optimization of the alignment wavelength. We evaluated the new alignment system measurement error by comparing the moiré measurement value with the measured overlay values for 24 wafers and confirmed that new TTM alignment system can reduce to the measurement error more than 40%. The data shows that our moiré measurement system can provide process robustness and can support mass-production of leading-edge memory products.
Optical flow estimation using temporally oversampled video (2005)

Recent advances in imaging sensor technology make high frame-rate video capture practical. As demonstrated in previous work, this capability can be used to enhance the performance of many image and video processing applications. The idea is to use the high frame-rate capability to temporally oversample the scene and, thus, to obtain more accurate information about scene motion and illumination. This information is then used to improve the performance of image and standard frame-rate video applications. This paper investigates the use of temporal oversampling to improve the accuracy of optical flow estimation (OFE). A method for obtaining high accuracy optical flow estimates at a conventional standard frame rate, e.g., 30 frames/s, by first capturing and processing a high frame-rate version of the video is presented. The method uses the Lucas-Kanade algorithm to obtain optical flow estimates at a high frame rate, which are then accumulated and refined to estimate the optical flow at the desired standard frame rate. The method demonstrates significant improvements in OFE accuracy both on synthetically generated video sequences and on a real video sequence captured using an experimental high-speed imaging system. It is then shown that a key benefit of using temporal oversampling to estimate optical flow is the reduction in motion aliasing. Using sinusoidal input sequences, the reduction in motion aliasing is identified and the desired minimum sampling rate as a function of the velocity and spatial bandwidth of the scene is determined. Using both synthetic and real video sequences, it is shown that temporal oversampling improves OFE accuracy by reducing motion aliasing not only for areas with large displacements but also for areas with small displacements and high spatial frequencies. The use of other OFE algorithms with temporally oversampled video is then discussed. In particular, the Haussecker algorithm is extended to work with high frame-rate sequences. This extension demonstrates yet another important benefit of temporal oversampling, which is improving OFE accuracy when brightness varies with time.
Designing and managing storage systems: issues, techniques, and challenges (2006)

Summary form only given. Modern data centers can contain thousands of hosts and hundreds of disk arrays, with total storage capacities approaching petabytes. The drive for reducing the cost of the IT infrastructure leads to consolidation of the enterprise's applications, and a single data center may support thousands of applications, with users spread over continents and administrated by IT personnel with no direct connection with the users of the application. In a conventional IT environment, applications are usually managed by a small group of administrators who understand the application's requirements and how it interacts with the hardware and storage. This approach breaks down in the large data center, where the administrators may manage many applications and have only a limited understanding of their behavior. Moreover, because of the degree of resource sharing in a data center, the interactions between applications are many and complex, and it is difficult for the administrators to predict the interactions well enough to generate good designs; as a result, the storage solutions are often over-engineered