gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The change of ferroelectric properties of Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Pt capacitor due to SiO2 deposition (1998)

Abstract Degradation of ferroelectric properties of Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Pt capacitor by the back-end process of ferroelectric random access memory (FRAM) device fabrication process was studied, particularly by the interlayer dielectric (ILD). The influence of ILD layer on the ferroelectric properties of Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Pt capacitor was investigated. The SiO2 film for ILD layer was deposited by two methods; electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (ECR CVD) using SiH4/N2O gas and atmospheric pressure thermal CVD using tetra ethyl ortho-silicate (TEOS) and O3(O3-TEOS CVD). The SiO2 deposition changed the ferroelectric properties of Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Pt capacitor, varied according to the deposition condition and method. The degradation of ferroelectric property of Pt/Pb(Zr,Ti)O3/Pt capacitor by O3-TEOS SiO2 was less than that of ECR CVD-SiO2. However, both method could make the nonvolatile remanent polarization (NVPr) to be above 10 μC/cm2 at 5 V, which makes those processes valuable as ILD process of FRAM. The ferroelectricity of capacitors damaged by SiO2 film deposition was recovered by a post-annealing, resulting in NVPr = 14 μC/cm2 at 5 V, with the SiO2 film of 450 nm thickness.
Searching for Efficient Multi-Stage Vision Transformers (2021)

Vision Transformer (ViT) demonstrates that Transformer for natural language processing can be applied to computer vision tasks and result in comparable performance to convolutional neural networks (CNN), which have been studied and adopted in computer vision for years. This naturally raises the question of how the performance of ViT can be advanced with design techniques of CNN. To this end, we propose to incorporate two techniques and present ViT-ResNAS, an efficient multi-stage ViT architecture designed with neural architecture search (NAS). First, we propose residual spatial reduction to decrease sequence lengths for deeper layers and utilize a multi-stage architecture. When reducing lengths, we add skip connections to improve performance and stabilize training deeper networks. Second, we propose weight-sharing NAS with multi-architectural sampling. We enlarge a network and utilize its sub-networks to define a search space. A super-network covering all sub-networks is then trained for fast evaluation of their performance. To efficiently train the super-network, we propose to sample and train multiple sub-networks with one forward-backward pass. After that, evolutionary search is performed to discover high-performance network architectures. Experiments on ImageNet demonstrate that ViT-ResNAS achieves better accuracy-MACs and accuracy-throughput trade-offs than the original DeiT and other strong baselines of ViT. Code is available at https://github.com/yilunliao/vit-search.
Novel synthetic phospholipid protects lipid bilayers against oxidation damage: role of hydration layer and bound water (1997)

The role of the membrane hydration layer in preventing membrane oxidative damage has been evaluated by comparing bilayers with and without an extended hydration layer. The extended hydration layer was obtained through the use of a novel phospholipid in which polyethylene glycol of 2000 Da molecular mass (PEG2000) was covalently attached to the phosphate headgroup of a phospholipid backbone to form dihexadecylphosphatidyl PEG2000—α-{[2,3-bis(hexadecyloxy)propoxy](h ydroxyphosphinoyl}-ω-methoxypoly(oxyethane-1,2-diyl) monosodium salt. The amount of water bound to free PEG and to the DHP-PEG2000 was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. Small unilamellar liposomes composed of egg phosphatidylcholine and DHP-PEG2000 were prepared. 44% of the phospholipid contained one polyunsaturated acyl chain. Oxidative damage to liposomes after exposure to three different oxidation procedures was measured by the disappearance of polyunsaturated acyl chains, as determined by GC. Oxidation procedures used were: (i) exposure to ionizing γ-irradiation (9200 Gy), for which the grafted PEG2000 provided significant protection against oxidation, with minimal damage to the PEG2000 as determined by 1H NMR and TLC. (ii) Storage for 6 months at 4 °C or for 4 months at 4 °C followed by 4 d at 37 °C, for which the presence of DHP-PEG2000retarded acyl chain peroxidation. (iii) Oxidation of the liposomes by 2,2′-azo(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (a positively charged water-soluble peroxyl radical initiator), for which there was no protection by DHP-PEG2000 (probably due to electrostatic binding of the AAPH to the negatively charged membranes, thereby overriding the hydration layer protection barrier).
New Perspectives in Biofilm Eradication (2017)

Microbial biofilms, which are elaborate and highly resistant microbial aggregates formed on surfaces or medical devices, cause two-thirds of infections and constitute a serious threat to public health. Immunocompromised patients, individuals who require implanted devices, artificial limbs, organ transplants, or external life support and those with major injuries or burns, are particularly prone to become infected. Antibiotics, the mainstay treatments of bacterial infections, have often proven ineffective in the fight against microbes when growing as biofilms, and to date, no antibiotic has been developed for use against biofilm infections. Antibiotic resistance is rising, but biofilm-mediated multidrug resistance transcends this in being adaptive and broad spectrum and dependent on the biofilm growth state of organisms. Therefore, the treatment of biofilms requires drug developers to start thinking outside the constricted "antibiotics" box and to find alternative ways to target biofilm infections. Here, we highlight recent approaches for combating biofilms focusing on the eradication of preformed biofilms, including electrochemical methods, promising antibiofilm compounds and the recent progress in drug delivery strategies to enhance the bioavailability and potency of antibiofilm agents.
A Novel Scheme for Sum Power Minimization in MIMO MAC Multicarrier Systems (2013)

The sum power minimization (SPmin) subject to per user rate constraint problem in the multiple access channel (MAC) of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multicarrier system is investigated. The SPmin can be transformed into a series convex problems and solved iteratively. The conventional solutions requires a large number of iterations. Furthermore, though in each iteration the optimality can be achieved by the efficient interior-point method, the slow convergence speed is still a burden that makes the calculation with large numbers of users prohibitively complex. We propose an efficient algorithm to find the optimal solution of the SPmin problem. The algorithm utilizes the convexity of the rate region to reduce the number of iterations. The convergence behavior of the algorithm is compared to the existing methods and shown to be much faster.
A Wireless Power Transfer System with Multiple Constant Current and Constant Voltage Outputs (2019)

This paper proposes a novel multi-load wireless power transfer (WPT) system with both constant current (CC) and constant voltage (CV) outputs. Repeater coils are used and every two repeater coils form a repeater unit. The bipolar coils are adopted in the proposed WPT system and the two coils in the same repeater unit are placed perpendicularly to realize magnetic decoupling. A ferrite plate is inserted between the two coils in the same repeater unit to not only enhance the magnetic coupling between two adjacent units but also suppress the undesirable magnetic coupling between any other coils. The series compensation topology is adopted for each coil. In the odd repeater unit the load is connected in series with the two repeater coils while in the even repeater unit the load is connected in parallel with the two coils. It can be derived that the CC and CV outputs can be obtained in the odd and even units respectively when neglecting the coil's parasitic resistance. The influence of the coil's parasitic resistance is also analyzed, which shows that with an enough coupling coefficient k and quality factor Q of the coil, the current and voltage drop due to the parasitic resistance is small and within an acceptable range. An experimental setup with 10 loads has been constructed and the results validate the effectiveness of the proposed WPT system.
Innovations in Clinical Cardiac Electrophysiology: Challenges and Upcoming Solutions in 2018 and Beyond (2017)

Clinical cardiac electrophysiology is a field that continues to develop and innovate at an ever-increasing rate. In the last decade alone, there has been constant innovation and evolution in many aspects of the field, particularly with respect to cardiovascular implantable electronic devices [eg, subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD) and the leadless pacemaker], the design of ablation catheters, and the development of novel energy sources for ablation. Despite these advances, however, there still continue to be challenges that remain. In this article, we outline current challenges in our field and innovations to look out for in 2018 and beyond. Due to the explosive growth of device and ablation technology, this review cannot cover all innovative approaches in electrophysiology, but attempts to highlight some of the developments of particular interest.
Suboptimal control of industrial manipulators with a weighted minimum time-fuel criterion (1983)

Even if a manipulator does not have to follow a prespecified path (i.e. a geometric path and a velocity schedule), due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the manipulator dynamics, control of manipulators has been conventionally divided into two sub-problems, namely path planning and path tracking, which are then separately and independently solved. This may result in mathematically tractable solutions but can not offer a solution that utilizes manipulators' maximum capabilities (e.g. operating them at their maximum speed). To combat this problem, we have developed a suboptimal method for controlling manipulators that provides improved performance in both their operating speed and use of energy. The nonlinearity and the joint couplings in the manipulator dynamics-- a major hurdle in the design of robot control--are handled by a new concept of averaging the dynamics at each sampling interval. With the averaged dynamics, we have derived a feedback controller which (i) has a simple structure allowing for on-line implementation with inexpensive microprocessors, and (ii) offers a near minimum time-fuel(NMTF) solution, thus enabling manipulators to perform nearly up to their maximum capacity and efficiency. As a demonstrative example, we have applied the method to control the Unimation PUMA 600 series manipulator and simulated its performance on a DEC VAX-11/780. The simulation results agree with the expected high performance nature of the control method.
Short Circuit Current Improvement of Si HIT Solar Cell by Optimal and “Chess Board” Like 1-D Light Trapping Periodical Grating Structure (2014)

We experimentally report that the novel “chess board” like 1-D grating structure with optimal period of 800 nm can dramatically increases the JSC from 33.7 mA/cm2 to 38.9 mA/cm2 compared to the reference solar cell.
Experimental cerebral ischemia produced by extracranial vascular injury (1982)

To determine whether the production of brain ischemia is modified by antiplatelet agents administered at the time of extracranial endothelial injury, we modified a four-vessel occlusion rat model so that an electrogenic platelet thrombus in one carotid artery produced cerebral ischemia. DC current was passed through an anode around the left carotid artery of 11 rats with preoccluded vertebral and contralateral carotid arteries. Five of six untreated rats became unresponsive because of carotid occlusion and resultant cerebral ischemia; none of five animals pretreated with indomethacin and infused with prostacyclin (PGI2) were clinically affected. Light- and electronmicroscopic studies showed arterial platelet-fibrin thrombi and ischemic brain damage in untreated rats. All rats had received radiolabeled platelets; radioactivity was increased in the electrogenically injured left carotid arteries from treated and untreated rats, but counts were reduced by more than 80% in indomethacin/PGI2-treated rats (p less than 0.01).
The Effect of Reactive Oxygen Species on Bone Mineral Density and Bending Stiffness in Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) Knockout Mice (2009)

CuZn‐SOD knockout mice Sod1 −/− have elevated oxidative stress and decreased body mass, musculoskeletal mass , and whole muscle strength compared to wild‐type mice Sod1 +/+ . We tested the hypothesis that bone bending stiffness (EI; Nmm 2 ) is also diminished in the Sod1 −/− compared to the Sod1 +/+ mice. Femurs were obtained from male and female Sod1 +/+ and Sod1 −/− mice at 8 mo of age (n = 3 per gender and genotype) and analyzed for bone mineral density (BMD; mg/cc) using Micro Computed Tomography and bending stiffness using a three‐point bending test. There were no significant differences in BMD or EI with respect to gender in either genotype. Sod1 −/− mice exhibited a significant decreases in BMD and EI in both males and females as compared with Sod1 +/+ mice, P=0.004 and 0.005 respectively. Values are Means + SD. These data suggest that like muscle strength, the increase in reactive oxygen species may play a role in decreasing bone bending stiffness and mineralization in the Sod1 −/− mice. Supported by PO1 AG20591.
In-Gap States and Band-Like Transport in Memristive Devices (2018)

Point defects such as oxygen vacancies cause emergent phenomena such as resistive switching in transition-metal oxides, but their influence on the electron-transport properties is far from being understood. Here, we employ direct mapping of the electronic structure of a memristive device by spectromicroscopy. We find that oxygen vacancies result in in-gap states that we use as input for single-band transport simulations. Because the in-gap states are situated below the Fermi level, they do not contribute to the current directly but impact the shape of the conduction band. Accordingly, we can describe our devices with band-like transport and tunneling across the Schottky barrier at the interface.
Using UVC technology to enhance IAQ (1996)

The reversed-phase liq. chromatog. anal. of basic pharmaceuticals can be problematic. Both the properties of the eluent and the stationary phase can influence the chromatog. performance. Therefore selection of suitable exptl. conditions for the anal. of basic compds. can be difficult. This paper shows that the org. modifier and the nature of the buffer influence the eluent properties. Moreover, the nature and amt. of modifier also influence the basicity of the analytes. Investigations showed that the nature of the buffer can have a significant influence on retention and peak shape of basic compds. Test procedures using basic analytes as test probes provided relevant information with respect to selecting columns to analyze basic pharmaceutical compds. Test procedures using compds. like aniline, phenol and benzene were found to be less suitable. [on SciFinder (R)]
A Coupled Solution Procedure for Zonal Radiative and Convective Heat Transfer in 3-D Enclosures With Blockages and Screens (2007)

A new 3D method of modeling convective-diffusive (CDT) heat transfer and zonal radiation transfer (ZRT) employing different calculation schemes and multi-scale curvilinear grids is presented. The coarse multiblock unstructured grid calculation domain allows use of a conservative and an accurate zonal radiation transfer method with only modest computational effort that requires only a small fraction of total processor CPU time. The blockages (e.g., bars in a furnace) and screens have their own very coarse grids. This reduces the time for defining their intersections with rays. Structured fine grid is used for convective-diffusive (CDT) calculations. The main difficulty (i.e., in coupling between CDT and ZRT numerical computations) is successfully overcome using a simple algorithm. The zonal radiation transfer method is based on a fast algorithm for calculating view factors and total exchange areas. The present approach is fast, efficient and accurate for gas fired furnaces and complex internal configurations of the work pieces with many blockages and screens. The utility of the method is demonstrated by calculating the heating of a hundred round metal bars arranged in a continuous natural gas fired furnace. Good agreement between calculations and industrial experiments is demonstrated.
Realizing High Capacitance and Rate Capability in Polyaniline by Enhancing the Electrochemical Surface Area through Induction of Superhydrophilicity (2017)

Polyaniline (PANI) as a pseudocapacitive material has very high theoretical capacitance of 2000 F g<sup>-1</sup>. However, its practical capacitance has been limited by low electrochemical surface area (ESA) and unfavorable wettability toward aqueous electrolytes. This work deals with a strategy wherein the high ESA of PANI has been achieved by the induction of superhydrophilicity together with the alignment of PANI exclusively on the surface of carbon fibers as a thin layer to form a hybrid assembly. Superhydrophilicity is induced by electrochemical functionalization of the Toray carbon paper, which further induces superhydrophilicity to the electrodeposited PANI layer on the paper, thereby ensuring a high electrode-electrolyte interface. The Toray paper is electrochemically functionalized by the anodization method, which generates a highly active electrochemical surface as well as greater wettability (superhydrophilic) of the carbon fibers. Because of the strong interaction of anilinium chloride with the hydrophilic carbon surface, PANI is polymerized exclusively over the surface of the fibers without any appreciable aggregation or agglomeration of the polymer. The PANI-Toray paper assembly in the solid-state prototype supercapacitor can provide a high gravimetric capacitance of 1335 F g<sup>-1</sup> as well as a high areal capacitance of 1.3 F cm<sup>-2</sup> at a current density of 10 A g<sup>-1</sup>. The device also exhibits high rate capability, delivering 1217 F g<sup>-1</sup> at a current density of 50 A g<sup>-1</sup> and a high energy density of 30 W h kg<sup>-1</sup> at a power density of 2 kW kg<sup>-1</sup>.
Abstract 4703: Mitochondrial DNA mutations affect respiratory complex-I in never-smoker lung cancer patients and contribute to lung cancer cell growth (2011)

Abstract Lung cancer is a deadly disease worldwide with smoking being the most important risk factor. In the United States, it is estimated that there will be over 222,550 cases of lung cancer resulting in 157,300 deaths in 2010. Despite significant improvement in therapeutic modalities, the overall 5-year survival rate is still only 15%. The high morbidity is due to the lack of early detection and therapeutic intervention. Other than nuclear genetic alterations, mitochondrial DNA mutations were reported in different human cancers and implicated to have a potential role in biomarker development. However, mtDNA alteration patterns and their potential involvement are unknown in lung cancer patients that have never smoked. In the present study, we sequenced the entire mitochondrial genome and measured the mtDNA content index by quantitative PCR in 60 lung cancer patients. Of the 60 patients, 30 never smoked and the remaining 30 patients were current smokers. Forty five percent of patients (27/60) displayed at least one somatic mtDNA mutation and a total of 41 mutations were detected which were mostly homoplasmic in nature. Strikingly, mtDNA mutations were significantly higher (P=0.0025) among the non-smokers as compared to the current smoking lung cancer patients and these mutations significantly affected (P=0.025) mitochondria encoded respiratory complex-I. The patients of Asian origin also had significantly higher (P=0.015) mtDNA mutations compared to the Caucasian patient populations. The mtDNA content index also significantly increased (P=0.037) in the non-smokers compared to the smoker lung cancer patients. Forced overexpression of a frequently observed mtDNA mutation from the ND5 gene of respiratory complex-I resulted in increased superoxide production, in vitro proliferation and invasion of lung cancer cells. Frequent mtDNA alterations are detectable in non-smoker lung cancer patients and may contribute to lung cancer progression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4703. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-4703
Guideline‐based and bioinformatic reassessment of lesion‐associated gene and variant pathogenicity in focal human epilepsies (2018)

We concluded that the majority of neuropathology-associated variants reported to date do not have enough evidence to be classified as pathogenic. Interpretation of lesion-associated variants remains challenging, and application of current ACMG guidelines is recommended for interpretation and prediction.
Potential of porous silicon nanoparticles as an emerging platform for cancer theranostics (2016)

Currently, nanoscience is a major part of biomedical research, due to material advances that aid the development of new tools and techniques to replace traditional methods. To this end, the potential of porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) has been examined, especially in areas of cancer treatment and diagnosis. The properties of pSiNPs such as their porous structure, high surface area and porous volume, biocompatibility and biodegradability offer real opportunities for focal therapies that can avoid the side effects caused by conventional methods. This review is focused on pSiNPs and their potential application in targeted anticancer drug delivery, and photodynamic and thermal therapies. In addition, the luminescence properties of pSiNPS are useful in bioimaging and diagnosis. Hence, the theranostic potential of pSiNPs is discussed herein.
A Case With Osler's Disease-Like Hemorrhagic Diathesis (1955)

Heretofore, in Japan only 4 lineages with authentic Osler's disease have been reported. The following case also is thought to be Osler's disease with supervention of vascular purpura.The patient is a 28 years old divorcee. A younger brother of a different mother died at 15 from hemoptysis of unknown cause and his younger sister consulted us at 19 on account of continual epistaxes.The patient often noticed gingival hemorrhages since the grade school period. Menarche was at 13. Epistaxes appeared repeatedly for one year since the age of 17, and from the age of 19 the sputum began to be streaked with blood but there was no evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis. At the age of 20 sugillations were recognized at times. From about the age of 23 a dull pain was felt in the renal region and hematuria was recognized at 25. At 26 she was discovered to have gastroptosis and wandering kidney.As hematemeses and hemoptyses appeared repeatedly from about May, 1952, she was admitted to our hospital on June 12. Linear form telangiectases were observed in the alae of the nose, both shoulders, interscapular spaces and femoral regions, and Kiesselbach's area. In the right lateral chest was recognized a single spot consisting of grouped telangiectases. An occult blood test of the feces was positive. Bleeding time was 9 minutes. Tourniquet test was positive. Coagulation time, prothrombin time, and clot retraction were normal. Liver function tests positive. The hemorrhages after admission are illustrated in figure 1 in the mani text. VitaminC, rutin, and ethinylestradiol had little effect but vitamin E had some good effect.In this case the fact that vesicles appeared in the skin and lips by rubbing suggests that there was an abnormality of the general connective tissue in addition to the vascular system. Together with the instability of the autonomic nervous system this is an interesting fact.