gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges in enterprise search (2004)

Concerted research effort since the nineteen fifties has lead to effective methods for retrieval of relevant documents from homogeneous collections of text, such as newspaper archives, scientific abstracts and CD-ROM encyclopaedias. However, the triumph of the Web in the nineteen nineties forced a significant paradigm shift in the Information Retrieval field because of the need to address the issues of enormous scale, fluid collection definition, great heterogeneity, unfettered interlinking, democratic publishing, the presence of adversaries and most of all the diversity of purposes for which Web search may be used. Now, the IR field is confronted with a challenge of similarly daunting dimensions -- how to bring highly e#ective search to the complex information spaces within enterprises. Overcoming the challenge would bring massive economic benefit, but victory is far from assured. The present work characterises enterprise search, hints at its economic magnitude, states some of the unsolved research questions in the domain of enterprise search need, proposes an enterprise search test collection and presents results for a small but interesting subproblem.
The Protein Kinase C-Responsive Inhibitory Domain of CARD11 Functions in NF-κB Activation To Regulate the Association of Multiple Signaling Cofactors That Differentially Depend on Bcl10 and MALT1 for Association (2008)

The activation of NF-kappaB by T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling is critical for T-cell activation during the adaptive immune response. CARD11 is a multidomain adapter that is required for TCR signaling to the IkappaB kinase (IKK) complex. During TCR signaling, the region in CARD11 between the coiled-coil and PDZ domains is phosphorylated by protein kinase Ctheta (PKCtheta) in a required step in NF-kappaB activation. In this report, we demonstrate that this region functions as an inhibitory domain (ID) that controls the association of CARD11 with multiple signaling cofactors, including Bcl10, TRAF6, TAK1, IKKgamma, and caspase-8, through an interaction that requires both the caspase recruitment domain (CARD) and the coiled-coil domain. Consistent with the ID-mediated control of their association, we demonstrate that TRAF6 and caspase-8 associate with CARD11 in T cells in a signal-inducible manner. Using an RNA interference rescue assay, we demonstrate that the CARD, linker 1, coiled-coil, linker 3, SH3, linker 4, and GUK domains are each required for TCR signaling to NF-kappaB downstream of ID neutralization. Requirements for the CARD, linker 1, and coiled-coil domains in signaling are consistent with their roles in the association of CARD11 with Bcl10, TRAF6, TAK1, caspase-8, and IKKgamma. Using Bcl10- and MALT1-deficient cells, we show that CARD11 can recruit signaling cofactors independently of one another in a signal-inducible manner.
Addressing Spectrum Fragmentation in Flexible Grid Optical Networks (2013)

Spectrum fragmentation is an intrinsic issue in flexible grid optical networks and requires systematic countermeasures. This paper describes measures for fragmentation minimization, metrics for fragmentation assessment, and techniques for hitless defragmentation.
<title>Micro-optical phased arrays for spatial and spectral switching</title> (2002)

This paper describes two optical devices based on linear arrays of micro mirrors. The first is a phased array of micro mirrors that can be rotated as well as translated vertically to maintain coherence across the array. We demonstrate experimentally that such micro mirrors are capable of high-diffraction-efficiency, phased-array scanning of laser beams. The second device is a Gires- Tournois interferometer with a micro mirror array that provides tunable phase modulation for the multitude of partially reflected beams within the interferometer. We demonstrate experimentally that the MEMS-GT interferometer can operate as a tunable deinterleaver for dense Wavelength Division Multiplexed fiber optic communication.
Practice-related Changes in Human Brain Functional Anatomy during Nonmotor Learning (1994)

Practice of a novel task leads to improved performance. The brain mechanisms associated with practice-induced improvement in performance are largely unknown. To address this question we have examined the functional anatomy of the human brain with positron emission tomography (PET) during the naive and practiced performance of a simple verbal response selection task (saying an appropriate verb for a visually presented noun). As a control state, subjects were asked to repeat the visually presented nouns. Areas of the brain most active during naive performance (anterior cingulate, left prefrontal and left posterior temporal cortices, and the right cerebellar hemisphere), compared to repeating the visually presented nouns, were all significantly less active during practiced performance. These changes were accompanied by changes in the opposite direction in sylvian-insular cortex bilaterally and left medial extrastriate cortex. In effect, brief practice made the cortical circuitry used for verbal response selection indistinguishable from simple word repetition. Introduction of a novel list of words reversed the learning-related effects. These results indicate that two distinct circuits can be used for verbal response selection and normal subjects can change the brain circuits used during task performance following less than 15 min of practice. One critical factor in determining the circuitry used appears to be the degree to which a task is learned or automatic.
Precision of Lunar Achilles+ bone quality measurements: time dependency and multiple machine use in field studies (2007)

Qualitative ultrasound (QUS) is a portable, safe and relatively inexpensive technique used to obtain information on bone mineral quality in adults and children. QUS measures bone stiffness index (SI) through the incorporation of speed of sound (SOS) and broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA). QUS technology may prove to be extremely useful in field research where more than one machine is used over different periods of time. 13 adults (27.6+/-4.6 years old) were recruited to determine the internal stability of two Lunar Achilles+ QUS machines (Lunar1, Lunar2), as well as the repeatability in bone stiffness measures between the two machines over time. Triplicate measurements of the calcaneus were taken within the same day (n = 258) and at 1 week (n = 120), 6 months (n = 54) and 1 year (n = 18) apart to determine the time-dependent repeatability. Using paired t-tests and separate mixed effects models, there were no differences reported in SI, SOS or BUA values within one machine, or between two machines over these short- and long-term time-frames. These results indicate that QUS machines are internally consistent and different machines may be used over time to provide reliable measurements of changes in bone quality.
Role of the solvent in optical resolution of trans-chrysanthemic acid via diastereomeric salt formation with (1R,2R)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-dimethylaminopropane-1,3-diol (2000)

Optical resolution of trans-chrysanthemic acid via diastereomeric salt formation with (1R,2R)-1-(4-nitrophenyl)-2-dimethylaminopropane-1,3-diol (DMAD) has been studied in different solvents. Ether type solvents containing MeOH were found to be preferred. The role of MeOH was interpreted on the basis of powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction and DSC/TG measurements. We found that MeOH was incorporated into the crystals of the less soluble diastereomer salt of the 1R acid with DMAD in a non-stochiometric amount and postulated to promote nucleation and crystal growth.
Circulating angiotensin peptides levels in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome correlate with clinical outcomes: A pilot study (2019)

A(1-10) accumulation and reduced A(1-9) concentration in the non-survivor group suggest that ACE2 activities may be reduced in patients succumbing to ARDS. Plasma levels of both A(1-10) and A(1-9) and their ratio may serve as useful biomarkers for prognosis in ARDS patients.
The Role of Reduced Graphene Oxide in the Suspension Polymerization of Styrene and Its Effect on the Morphology and Thermal Properties of the Polystyrene/rGO Nanocomposites (2020)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was used to obtain Polystyrene (PS)/rGO nanocomposites via in-situ suspension polymerization. The main goal of the article was to determine how rGO influences the morphology and thermal properties of PS beads. The obtained samples were studied by means of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and calorimetric and thermogravimetric analysis (DCS, TGA). It was proven that the addition of rGO, due to the presence of polar functional groups, causes significant changes in bead sizes and size distribution, and in their morphology (on the surface and in cross-section). The increasing amount of rGO in the polymer matrix increased the size of beads from 0.36 to 3.17 mm for pure PS and PS with 0.2 wt% rGO content, respectively. PS/rGO nanocomposites are characterized by distinctly improved thermostability, which is primarily expressed in the increase in their decomposition temperature. For a sample containing 0.3 wt% rGO, the difference is more than 12 °C in comparison to pure PS beads.
<title>Performance aspects of the adjustable bandwidth concept (ABC) predetection processor</title> (2003)

There are a variety of domains in which signal channelization has proven to be useful, including the time, frequency, spatial and polarization domains. These partitioning techniques are necessary for the proper management and effective utilization of the overall channel resource. The term "multi-channel" is used to describe this partitioning of these domains. However, there are other "domains" in which channelization techniques can be employed. These include the coding domain (as in code-division multiple-access) and the less obvious steganographic domain. One can argue that these latter examples of domains lack the physical interpretation of their counterparts, or that they are each in fact a clever use of the standard domains. But from the view of the overall channel resource, very effective utilization and management tools can be developed, operated and described in these domains. In this paper, a technique is studied which is based upon a novel utilization of the signal bandwidth domain, for pre-processing prior to detection and parameter estimation. Experimental and theoretical results will be given for assessment of device performance. The studied technique is referred to as the Adjustable Bandwidth Concept (ABC) signal energy detector. When implemented digitally, this device is essentially a cepstral-based pre-processor for generating multiple channels for the analysis and detection of signal components of distinguishable bandwidths. The ABC device processes an input log-magnitude spectrogram and results in a multi-channel output. Each output channel contains information regarding the input spectrogram which is sorted or partitioned based on the bandwidth of signal components within the spectrogram. A primary application of such a device is as a pre-processing step prior to detection and estimation, for automated spectral survey and characterization.
Novel transport phenomena in Si/Si1-xGex/Si double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (1989)

During the investigation of current transport in n-Si/p-Si1-xGex/n-Si double-heterojunction bipolar transistors (DHBT), the authors have observed novel phenomena at room temperature: a multistep collector current versus emitter-collector bias voltage (IC-VCE) curve together with a strong negative differential resistance (NDR) behaviour. They propose that this is caused by the way the valence bands of the thin base are quantised into many subbands in the potential well at high VCE. The electrons from each of these subbands tunnel sequentially through the reverse biased base-collector (BC) junction and produce the steps in the IC-VCE (I-V) curve. The holes which are created by ionisation in the BC junction are swept into the base and modify the bias at the emitter-base (EB) junction, thus forming a positive feedback loop which results in the strong NDR. Three possible tunnelling models are discussed. The measured temperature dependence of the IC-VCE curves and cross-sectional TEM studies give further support that the stepped IC-VCE characteristics originate from tunnelling from quantised levels, but other explanations cannot be ruled out.
Perfect Sets of Paths in the Full Graph of SDN Switches (2021)

This paper investigates the implementation of virtual networks on the SDN data plane modeled by a graph of physical connections between network nodes. A virtual network is defined as a set of ordered host pairs (sender and receiver) and is implemented by a set of host–host paths that uniquely determine the settings of switches. A set of paths is said to be perfect if any subset of its paths can be implemented loop-free, i.e., without endless movement of packets in a loop, without duplicate paths (when the host receives the same packet several times), and without unintended paths (when the host receives a packet directed to some other host). In the case where the switchgraph is a complete graph, sufficient conditions for the existence of the largest perfect set of paths connecting all pairs of different hosts are established. Algorithms for constructing this largest perfect set are proposed and their complexity is estimated. The paper also reports preliminary results of conducted computer experiments, which suggest that the proposed sufficient conditions are not necessary ones.
MicroRNA Function in Human Hematopoiesis: Identification of Lineage- and Stage-Specific Expression Profiles, Pivotal Targets and Regulatory Circuitries. (2006)

Abstract MicroRNAs (miRs) play a key role in the regulation of gene expression in normal and abnormal cell growth/differentiation, via suppression of translation or degradation of target mRNAs mainly by base pairing to their 3′ UTR sequences. However, little is known on miR expression/function in normal hematopoiesis. We have assayed the level of miRs in serum-free unilineage culture of cord blood (CB) CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) through the erythroid (E), megakaryocytic (Mk), granulocytic (G) and monocytic (Mo) series at discrete stages of differentiation up to terminal maturation. The assay included control CB T cells. The analysis was performed by microarray and confirmed by Northern blot. Altogether, 49 miRs are expressed at significant levels in hematopoiesis. Cluster analysis indicates lineage-specific expression patterns. Furthermore, miR levels are mostly downmodulated through HPC differentiation/maturation. A group of 12 single or clustered miRs is sharply modulated (&amp;gt; 10-fold) in hematopoiesis according to specific patterns, thus suggesting their key functional role. This group includes:miR-223, downmodulated in the E series, but upmodulated in the other lineages;miR-221/222, miR-146 and miR-155 declining more sharply in E than other lineages;miR-17/20/106 and miR-25, miR-32, declining prevailingly in the G and Mo series;a miR group showing little downmodulation in the Mk or Mo lineages (miR-123, -130a or miR-181a, b, respectively);miR-99b, -100 downmodulated in all lineages;miR-210 upmodulated in all lineages. Bioinformatic analysis suggests that these miRs have important targets, which have been in part verified by the luciferase target assay (see below). Relevant examples include miR-221/222 and -130a targeting kit receptor, miR-146 targeting SDFR/CXCR4, miR 181a, b, 99b and 100, 210 targeting diverse HOX genes (respectively, HOXB5, A1 and A3). Novel miR-based regulatory circuitries have been identified:(a) miR-221/222 modulate erythropoietic and erythroleukemia cell growth via kit receptor targeting (N. Felli et al, PNAS, 2005);(b) miR-17-5p/20a/106 function as a master gene complex controlling monocytopoiesis through AML1 targeting, leading to M-CSF receptor transactivation (L. Fontana et al, this Meeting);miR-155 and -221/222 control megakaryopoiesis at progenitor and precursor level through Ets-1 multitargeting (G. Marziali et al, this Meeting).
Acceptor levels in GaSe:In crystals investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy and photoluminescence (2008)

Deep-acceptor levels associated with indium in indium-doped GaSe crystals have been measured. High-quality Schottky diodes of GaSe:In have been fabricated and characterized using current-voltage, capacitance-voltage, and deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS). Four DLTS peaks at 127, 160, 248, and 319K, corresponding to 0.21, 0.22, 0.44, and 0.74eV above the valence band, were well resolved and assigned to be an indium-on-gallium antisite (InGa), a gallium vacancy (VGa), an indium gallium vacancy complex (VGa-In), and a native defect associated with stacking fault or dislocation, respectively. Low-temperature photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy measure-ments were performed on GaSe and GaSe:In crystals. The ground and the first excited states of the free exciton emissions were identified and the band-gap energies were determined. The results that the peak of exciton bound to acceptor (A0,X) disappeared and the peak of donor-acceptor pair appeared in GaSe crystal after indium doping are consistent with the DLTS acceptor assignments.
A numerical analysis of two-phase flow inside drum type sewage sludge dryer (2019)

Sewage sludge is being reduced in volume and solidified for utilizing fuel. Higher drying efficiency is required to save the energy. In the drum sewage sludge dryer, the stirrability of the sludge affects the drying time. A numerical analysis model is constructed to predict the flow of sludge and verified the validity of the model by element tests. In addition, we investigated some factors to improve stirrability by numerical analysis of actual machine.
Morphologic effects of hGRH gene expression on the pituitary, liver, and pancreas of MT-hGRH transgenic mice. An in situ hybridization analysis. (1992)

Morphologic changes in the pituitary, liver, and pancreas of mice with the metallothionein-human growth hormone--releasing hormone (MT-hGRH) transgene were analyzed by in situ hybridization histochemistry (ISH). There was progression from somatotroph hyperplasia to neoplasia in pituitaries of transgenic mice. Pituitary neoplasms were present between 9 to 12 months of age in some mice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) readily identified enlarged pituitaries in MT-hGRH transgenic mice. Serum mouse GH and hGRH levels were marked elevated in MT-hGRH transgenic mice. In situ hybridization histochemistry showed mRNA for hGRH in liver, pituitary, pancreas, spleen, and in most other tissues examined. Combined ISH and immunohistochemistry in the pituitary gland showed that some of the GH cells also produced hGRH, and ultrastructural immunohistochemical analysis of pituitaries showed that GH and hGRH were localized in the same cell and within the same secretory granules. Liver cells of MT-hGRH transgenic mice showed evidence of hypertrophy, and the pancreatic islets were hyperplastic with significant increases in the islet cell areas. The morphologic changes in the liver were distinctive enough to separate control littermates from MT-hGRH transgenic mice in all cases. The enlarged pancreatic islets had increased numbers of insulin-producing cells. Immunoreactive hGRH and hGRH mRNA were both localized in islet cells, and an intense hybridization signal of hGRH mRNA, but only weak staining for hGRH protein, were detected in the liver of transgenic mice. These results indicate that excessive hGRH production leads to distinct morphologic changes in various organs in MT-hGRH transgenic mice and that there is temporal progression from hyperplasia to adenomatous somatotrophs in pituitaries with chronic stimulation by hGRH that involves paracrine, endocrine, and autocrine mechanisms.
Achromatic nulling interferometer based on a geometric spin-redirection phase (2002)

Nulling interferometry aims to perform destructive interference achromatically. It is used to detect a faint source near a bright one and to provide dark field, an annular pupil, and rotational shear. A nulling out-of-plane interferometer that utilizes the geometric phase of spin redirection is proposed. The degree of nulling is determined by beam collimation and angular orientation of mirrors. Simulations and experiments are in reasonable agreement.
The Possibilities as a Prediction Tool for Cancer Research of Big Data (2015)

Purpose: To examine the trend, and investigated the possibilities as a prediction tool by choosing the trend score about male and urologic cancers have the high incidence rate. Materials and Methods: We selected 5 major male and 3 major urologic cancers for past 3 years (from 2010 to 2012) and examined the incidence rate, and using Naver and Google trend, the rate of cancer incidence was compared with the trend score during the same period. Results: From 2010 to 2012, the greatest occurrence of the cancer to males was the stomach cancer, followed by colon, lung, liver, and prostate cancer. In the urologic field, the prostate cancer was the first one, followed by kidney and bladder cancer. In 2010 to 2012, the Naver trend score was 32 for stomach and colon cancers, 31 for lung cancers, 20 for liver cancers, and 19 for prostate cancers, which index were corresponded with the order of incidence rate. Though the Google trend score for prostate cancer was not found, the average was 9 for stomach cancer, 8 for colon cancer, 6 for lung cancer, 4 for liver cancer, which index were corresponded with the order of incidence rate. In 2013 and 2014, the figure of prostate cancer was grown and exceeded liver cancer. Conclusions: In the trend score, the index of the prostate cancer shows continuing increase, and, from the results, urologists should recognize the importance of the study on the prostate cancer such as management, prevention, and treatment of the prostate cancer.
Nonlinear modeling of pulsed and CW HIFU beams for dual-mode ultrasound arrays (2012)

Nonlinear propagation can have beneficial or detrimental effects on focused ultrasound beams for imaging and therapy. The advent of piezocomposite transducer technology have allowed for the fabrication of new generation of therapeutic arrays with relatively wide bandwidth and low cross coupling between elements (resulting in new dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) systems for imaging and therapy). The feedback capabilities of DMUAs offer new opportunities to characterize the HIFU beam in situ, including its spectral components due to harmonic generation. This form of feedback allows for the optimization of the DMUA driving patterns to achieve maximum therapeutic gain, by maximizing the harmonic generation within the focal spot. We present results of full 3D modeling of nonlinear wave propagation from the surface of currently available DMUA prototypes (1 and 3.5 MHz) into the treatment volume, modeled as heterogeneous absorbing medium. For example, a 1 MHz DMUA with f-number of 0.8 when geometrically focused at 100 mm with surface intensity of 2.2 W/cm̂2 was simulated. For 4-second exposure, accounting for harmonic generation resulted in ∼10% increase in peak temperature at the focus. We will present and discuss examples of complex DMUA focus patterns in the context of therapeutic gain.