gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Linear Trajectory Optimization for Large Step-Ups: Application to\n the Humanoid Robot Atlas (2020)

Performing large step-ups is a challenging task for a humanoid robot. It\nrequires the robot to perform motions at the limit of its reachable workspace\nwhile straining to move its body upon the obstacle. This paper presents a\nnon-linear trajectory optimization method for generating step-up motions. We\nadopt a simplified model of the centroidal dynamics to generate feasible Center\nof Mass trajectories aimed at reducing the torques required for the step-up\nmotion. The activation and deactivation of contacts at both feet are considered\nexplicitly. The output of the planner is a Center of Mass trajectory plus an\noptimal duration for each walking phase. These desired values are stabilized by\na whole-body controller that determines a set of desired joint torques. We\nexperimentally demonstrate that by using trajectory optimization techniques,\nthe maximum torque required to the full-size humanoid robot Atlas can be\nreduced up to 20% when performing a step-up motion.\n
Breaking the Connection: RDMA Deconstructed (2006)

The architecture, design and performance of RDMA (remote direct memory access) over the IBM HPS (high performance switch and adapter) are described. Unlike conventional implementations such as InfiniBand, our RDMA transport model is layered on top of an unreliable datagram interface, while leaving the task of enforcing reliability to the ULP (upper layer protocol). We demonstrate that our model allows a single MPI task to deliver bidirectional bandwidth of close to 3.0 GB/s across a single link and 24.0 GB/s when striped across 8 links. In addition, we show that this transport protocol has superior attributes in terms of a) being able to handle RDMA packets coming out of order; b) being able to use multiple routes between a source-destination pair and c) reducing the size of adapter caches.
Mechanization Costs in Walloon Livestock Farms (2015)

Accountings data from 255 livestock farms have been analyzed in order to determinate their mechanization cost. A weighted average value of each part of this cost has been calculated after a classification of the inquired farms. This classification is based on the technical orientation, the size and finally the localization of the farm. The weighing factor depends on the relative importance of each group at the regional level and was determined through the national statistical data. Major differences appear between farms specialized in milk or beef meat production. With more than 750 €/ha, dairy farms need more mechanization than ‘beef meat’ farms which only spend 440 €/ha in average in 2013. The use of external mechanization, mainly through contractor's works, is quite important and represents between 30 and 34% of the total mechanization expenses. We notice that dairy farms with higher gross margin require also higher mechanization costs. In situation of low milk price, the limit where higher mechanization costs are not compensated by higher gross margin is almost achieved. For ‘meat beef’ farms higher mechanization costs are not compensated by higher gross margin. The management of these two kinds of production must be clearly different.
Preparation of kinase-biased compounds in the search for lead inhibitors of kinase targets (2004)

This work describes the preparation of approximately 13,000 compounds for rapid identification of hits in high-throughput screening (HTS). These compounds were designed as potential serine/threonine or tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The library consists of various scaffolds, e.g., purines, oxindoles, and imidazoles, whereby each core scaffold generally includes the hydrogen bond acceptor/donor properties known to be important for kinase binding. Several of these are based upon literature kinase templates, or adaptations of them to provide novelty. The routes to their preparation are outlined. A variety of automation techniques were used to prepare >500 compounds per scaffold. Where applicable, scavenger resins were employed to remove excess reagents and when necessary, preparative high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used for purification. These compounds were screened against an 'in-house' kinase panel. The success rate in HTS was significantly higher than the corporate compound collection.
Surface Tension of Seawater (2014)

New measurements and a reference correlation for the surface tension of seawater at atmospheric pressure are presented in this paper. Surface tension of seawater was measured across a salinity range of 20 ⩽ S ⩽ 131 g/kg and a temperature range of 1 ⩽ t ⩽ 92 °C at atmospheric pressure using the Wilhelmy plate method. The uncertainty within measurements varied from 0.18 to 0.37 mN/m with the average uncertainty being 0.22 mN/m. The experimental procedures were validated with tests conducted on ACS reagent grade water and aqueous sodium chloride solutions. Literature data and present measurements were evaluated and a reference correlation was developed expressing surface tension of seawater as a function of temperature and salinity. The average absolute percentage deviation between measurements and the correlation was 0.19% while the maximum deviation was 0.60%.
Efficiency of the Fermilab Electron Cooler's collector (2005)

The newly installed Recycler Electron Cooling system (REC) at Fermilab [1] will work at an electron energy of 4.34 MeV and a DC beam current of 0.5 A in an energy recovery scheme. As a part of the Electron cooling project, the efficiency of the collector for the REC was optimized at a dedicated test bench to the level of relative current losses of 5 {center_dot} 10{sup -6}. The paper discusses the test bench measurements for several distributions of a transverse magnetic field in the collector cavity.
The RFamide receptor DMSR-1 regulates stress-induced sleep in C. elegans (2017)

In response to environments that cause cellular stress, animals engage in sleep behavior that facilitates recovery from the stress. In <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>, stress-induced sleep(SIS) is regulated by cytokine activation of the ALA neuron, which releases FLP-13 neuropeptides characterized by an amidated arginine-phenylalanine (RFamide) C-terminus motif. By performing an unbiased genetic screen for mutants that impair the somnogenic effects of FLP-13 neuropeptides, we identified the gene <i>dmsr-1</i>, which encodes a G-protein coupled receptor similar to an insect RFamide receptor. DMSR-1 is activated by FLP-13 peptides in cell culture, is required for SIS <i>in vivo</i>, is expressed non-synaptically in several wake-promoting neurons, and likely couples to a Gi/o heterotrimeric G-protein. Our data expand our understanding of how a single neuroendocrine cell coordinates an organism-wide behavioral response, and suggest that similar signaling principles may function in other organisms to regulate sleep during sickness.
The NVESD microfactory: a new approach to infrared focal plane array manufacturing [HgCdTe] (2002)

A novel approach to Infrared Focal Plane Array fabrication is being investigated at the US Army night vision and electronics sensors directorate. The goal is a demonstration of the feasibility of carrying out all epitaxial growth and device processing steps without removing a wafer from the protective environment of a multi-chamber vacuum system.
Analog ESD and Latchup Design Rule Checking and Verification (2014)

In this chapter, electronic design automation (EDA) techniques and methods for electrostatic discharge, electrical overstress (EOS), and latchup are discussed. Design rule checking (DRC), layout-versus-schematic (LVS), and electrical rule check (ERC) methods are used for electrostatic discharge (ESD), latchup, and EOS checking and verification. As time progresses, ESD computer-aided design (CAD) methods are being propagated to EOS CAD methods, to address ESD and EOS in the same design tool. The example of Calibre PERCTM shows how the methods of ESD are being extended to the EOS issue. A key issue is the checking and verification of analog-to-digital cross-domain sign lines.
Reflectin Proteins Bind and Reorganize Synthetic Phospholipid Vesicles (2020)

The reflectin proteins have been extensively studied for their role in reflectance in cephalopods. In the recently evolved Loliginid squids, these proteins and the structural color they regulate are dynamically tunable, enhancing their effectiveness for camouflage and communication. In these species, the reflectins are found in highest concentrations within the structurally tunable, membrane enclosed, periodically stacked lamellae of subcellular Bragg reflectors and in the intracellular vesicles of specialized skin cells known as iridocytes and leuocophores, respectively. To better understand the interactions between the reflectins and the membrane structures that encompass them, we analyzed the interactions of two purified reflectins with synthetic phospholipid membrane vesicles similar in composition to cellular membranes, using confocal fluorescence microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The purified recombinant reflectins were found to drive multivalent vesicle agglomeration in a ratio-dependent and saturable manner. Extensive proteolytic digestion terminated with PMSF of the reflectin A1-vesicle complexes triggered energetic membrane rearrangement, resulting in vesicle fusion, fission, and tubulation. This behavior contrasted markedly with that of vesicles complexed with reflectin C, from which PMSF-terminated proteolysis only released the original size vesicles. Clues to the basis for this difference, residing in significant differences between the structures of the two reflectins, led to the suggestion that specific reflectin-membrane interactions may play a role in the ontogenetic formation, long-term maintenance, and/or dynamic behavior of their biophotonically active host membrane nanostructures. Similar energetic remodeling has been associated with osmotic stress in other membrane systems, suggesting a path to reconstitution of the biophotonic system <i>in vitro</i>.
Bayesian Tracking of a Nonlinear Model of the Capnogram (2006)

Capnography, the monitoring of expired carbon dioxide (CO2) has been employed clinically as a non-invasive measure for the adequacy of ventilation of the alveoli of the lung. In combination with air flow measurements, the capnogram can be used to estimate the partial pressure of CO2 in the alveolar sacs. In addition, physiologically relevant parameters, such as the extent of CO2 rebreathing, the airway dead space, and the metabolic CO2 production can be predicted. To calculate these parameters, mathematical models have been previously formulated and applied to experimental data using off-line optimization procedures. Unfortunately, this does not permit online identification of the capnogram to detect changes in the physiological model parameters. In the present study, a Bayesian method for breath-by-breath identification of the volumetric capnogram is presented. The method integrates a model of CO2 exchange in the lungs, which is nonlinear due to the nature of human tidal breathing, with a particle filtering algorithm for estimation of the model parameters and changes therein. In addition, this allowed for a dynamic prediction of the unmeasured alveolar CO2 tension. The method is demonstrated using simulations of the capnogram. The proposed method could aid the clinician in the interpretation of the capnogram.
On the Delay Advantage of Coding in Packet Erasure Networks (2014)

We consider the delay of network coding compared to routing with retransmissions in packet erasure networks with probabilistic erasures. We investigate the sublinear term in the block delay required for unicasting n packets and show that there is an unbounded gap between network coding and routing. In particular, we show that delay benefit of network coding scales at least as √n. Our analysis of the delay function for the routing strategy involves a major technical challenge of computing the expectation of the maximum of two negative binomial random variables. Previous characterizations of this expectation are approximate; we derive an exact characterization and analyze its scaling behavior, which may be of independent interest. We also use a martingale bounded differences argument to show that the actual coding delay is concentrated around its expectation.
Real-Time Street Parking Availability Estimation (2013)

Real-time parking availability information is important in urban areas, and if available could reduce congestion, pollution, and gas consumption. In this paper, we present a software solution called PhonePark for detecting the availability of on-street parking spaces. The solution uses the GPS and/or accelerometer sensors in a traveler's mobile phone to automatically detect when and where the traveler parked her car, and when she released a parking slot. PhonePark can also utilize the mobile phone's Bluetooth sensor or piggyback on street parking payment transactions for parking activity detection. Thus, the solution considers only mobile phones and does not rely on any external sensors such as cameras, wireless sensors embedded in the pavements, or ultrasonic sensors on vehicles. Further contributions include an algorithm to compute the historical parking availability profile for an arbitrary street block and algorithms to estimate the parking availability in real-time for a given street block. The algorithms are evaluated using real-time and real world street parking data.
Targeted functionalization of spruce O‐acetyl galactoglucomannans—2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl‐oxidation and carbodiimide‐mediated amidation (2013)

ABSTRACT Modified spruce O ‐acetyl galactoglucomannans (GGMs) can be used as molecular anchors to alter the surface properties or to activate the surface of cellulose. To selectively introduce functionalities, GGMs were oxidized on C‐6 of hexoses by 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidin‐1‐oxyl‐mediated oxidation. Different degrees of oxidation were successfully obtained by varying the reaction parameters. Low degrees could be obtained by performing the oxidations in bromide‐free conditions. The formed uronic acids were further modified by a carbodiimide‐mediated amidation reaction, which opens a window for introducing various functionalities selectively on hexoses. The adsorption of the modified GGMs to various cellulose samples was investigated. Indirect bulk sorption to fibers was compared to direct adsorption to nanofibrillated cellulose ultrathin films. GGMs with low degrees of oxidation showed high affinity to cellulose surfaces and could be sorbed onto cellulose in pure water. Moderate amounts of GGMs with high degree of oxidation could be sorbed onto cellulose in the presence of salts. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3122–3129, 2013
Scalable and reversible axonal neuromodulation of the sympathetic chain for cardiac control (2021)

Maladaptation of the sympathetic nervous system contributes to the progression of cardiovascular disease and risk for sudden cardiac death, the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Axonal modulation therapy (AMT) directed at the paravertebral chain blocks sympathetic efferent outflow to the heart and maybe a promising strategy to mitigate excess disease-associated sympathoexcitation. The present work evaluates AMT, directed at the sympathetic chain, in blocking sympathoexcitation using a porcine model. In anesthetized porcine (<i>n</i> = 14), we applied AMT to the right T1-T2 paravertebral chain and performed electrical stimulation of the distal portion of the right sympathetic chain (RSS). RSS-evoked changes in heart rate, contractility, ventricular activation recovery interval (ARI), and norepinephrine release were examined with and without kilohertz frequency alternating current block (KHFAC). To evaluate efficacy of AMT in the setting of sympathectomy, evaluations were performed in the intact state and repeated after left and bilateral sympathectomy. We found strong correlations between AMT intensity and block of sympathetic stimulation-evoked changes in cardiac electrical and mechanical indices (<i>r</i> = 0.83-0.96, effect size <i>d</i> = 1.9-5.7), as well as evidence of sustainability and memory. AMT significantly reduced RSS-evoked left ventricular interstitial norepinephrine release, as well as coronary sinus norepinephrine levels. Moreover, AMT remained efficacious following removal of the left sympathetic chain, with similar mitigation of evoked cardiac changes and reduction of catecholamine release. With growth of neuromodulation, an on-demand or reactionary system for reversible AMT may have therapeutic potential for cardiovascular disease-associated sympathoexcitation.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> Autonomic imbalance and excess sympathetic activity have been implicated in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease and are targets for existing medical therapy. Neuromodulation may allow for control of sympathetic projections to the heart in an on-demand and reversible manner. This study provides proof-of-concept evidence that axonal modulation therapy (AMT) blocks sympathoexcitation by defining scalability, sustainability, and memory properties of AMT. Moreover, AMT directly reduces release of myocardial norepinephrine, a mediator of arrhythmias and heart failure.
Back Cover: Molecular Ionization from Carbon Nanotube Paper (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 23/2014) (2014)

A piece of paper that is impregnated with multi-walled or single-walled carbon nanotubes generates ions from diverse analytes at voltages as low as 3 V, as T. Pradeep et al. show in their Communication on page 5936 ff. This miniaturized ion source is held in front of a mass-spectrometer inlet to collect the mass spectrum. Common pesticides from the surface of an orange, active molecules from tablets, and a variety of analytes, such as amino acids, can been characterized.
Comparative Effects of Azapropazone on Cellular Events at Inflamed Sites. Influence on Joint Pathology in Arthritic Rats, Leucocyte Superoxide and Eicosanoid Production, Platelet Aggregation, Synthesis of Cartilage Proteoglycans, Synovial Production and Actions of Interleukin-1 in Cartilage Resorption Correlated with Drug Uptake into Cartilage In-vitro (1989)

Azapropazone (APZ) has been compared with standard NSAIDs in title systems to establish aspects of its mode of action on cellular events at inflamed sites. APZ (150 mg kg-1 day-1) given for 10-13 days exhibited a reduction in joint pathology in established adjuvant arthritis in rats comparable with that of indomethacin (2 mg kg-1 day-1) and clobuzarit (20 mg kg-1 day-1). APZ was shown to be a potent inhibitor of the production of leucocyte superoxide and synovial interleukin-1 (IL-1)-like activity and stimulated articular cartilage proteoglycan synthesis, but was ineffective as an inhibitor of platelet aggregation or IL-1 induced cartilage degradation in-vitro. These in-vitro effects may have relevance to the mode of action of this weak inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis.
<title>Toward correlating functional MRI and EEG sources</title> (1996)

Though excellent spatial resolution (on the order of 1 mm) is obtainable in functional MRI (fMRI), its temporal resolution is limited to about 1 second by hemodynamics. On the other hand, magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) provide millisecond temporal resolution but a relatively crude (on the order of 1 cm) spatial resolution to localized sources. Thus, techniques that could combine the high temporal resolution of MEG or EEG with the high spatial resolution of fMRI would be of great significance in imaging the spatiotemporal distribution of neuronal activation. With the ultimate objective of combining fMRI and EEG activation studies, we have conducted experiments to determine how pixels activated in fMRI correlate with underlying EEG sources in a given subject during visual stimulation. Results of a three-subject study suggest good correlation between the center-of-gravity of activated pixels seen in fMRI and the center-of-gravity of regions localized through EEG measurements.
EIGER&#x2122; development and application to an IR frequency-selective surface (2008)

As presented in (Crruz-Cabera et al., 2008), our experimental counterparts have recently obtained exciting results for a frequency-selective surface (FSS) operating in the mid-wave to long-wave infrared frequency range. While that paper emphasizes fabrication and experimental results, it also includes a numerical validation check based on the EIGER electromagnetics simulation tool (the comparison shows favorable agreement). EIGER is a general purpose frequency-domain integral equation code that supports a variety of Greenpsilas functions (GFs), including 2D and 3D free space GFs, symmetry-plane GFs, periodic GFs, and layered media GFs. While the choice of integral equations as a modeling tool may first appear to be the most complex choice, the strength of this method lies in the fact that code generality is realized on the development of the corresponding Greenpsilas functions. In other words, the capability of integral-equation-based code to handle a wide variety of problems is obtained by incorporating more Greenpsilas functions into the software and furthermore, to complement the generality, code speedup can be obtained by taking advantage of the amenability of GFs to analytic techniques. For example, applications of EIGER at Sandia have addressed EMC and EMI problems including thin-slot coupling, periodic diffraction gratings for a petawatt laser, photonic band-gap structures, and electro- and magnetostatic problems for pulsed power and micromachine designs.
Effect of Agmatine on Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Induced by Type 2 Diabetes in Rats (2021)

Aim: To determine the potential hepatoprotective effect of Agmatine (AGM) on NAFLD-induced by Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in rats. Study design: Forty male Wistar rats weighing from (200 -250 g) were distributed at random into five groups (8 rats per group): group 1 as control; group 2 as untreated-T2DM; groups 3 &amp; 4 as T2DM cotreated with AGM (40 &amp; 80 mg/kg/d), while group 5 T2DM cotreated with Silymarin (100 mg/kg/d). Place and duration of study: Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, king Abdul-Aziz University; between October 2020 and January 2021. Methodology: A rat model of T2DM with NAFLD complication was established by feeding rats with 10% fructose in drinking water and intraperitoneally injecting them with a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (45mg/kg). The fasting blood glucose was detected, serum levels of hepatic biomarkers were all assessed. Moreover, histopathological examination was performed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Results: STZ induced T2DM in rats causes a significant (p&lt;0.05, n=8) rise in serum levels of FBG, ALT, AST, TB, TC, TG, and LDL in comparison with the corresponding control group. Co-treatment with AGM (40 &amp; 80 mg/kg) and silymarin significantly alleviated hyperglycemia and amended hepatic biomarkers that was reflected on improved histopathological changes. Conclusion: The current data suggest that oral AGM co-treatment could have a hepatoprotective effect against T2DM associated with NAFLD in rats. Further investigations are recommended to elucidate molecular mechanisms accountable for the useful effects of AGM on hepatocytes.