gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive Visual Exploration of Spatio-Temporal Urban Data Sets using Urbane (2018)

The recent explosion in the number and size of spatio-temporal data sets from urban environments and social sensors creates new opportunities for data-driven approaches to understand and improve cities. Visual analytics systems like Urbane aim to empower domain experts to explore multiple data sets, at different time and space resolutions. Since these systems rely on computationallyintensive spatial aggregation queries that slice and summarize the data over different regions, an important challenge is how to attain interactivity. While traditional pre-aggregation approaches support interactive exploration, they are unsuitable in this setting because they do not support ad-hoc query constraints or polygons of arbitrary shapes. To address this limitation, we have recently proposed Raster Join, an approach that converts a spatial aggregation query into a set of drawing operations on a canvas and leverages the rendering pipeline of the graphics hardware (GPU). By doing so, Raster Join evaluates queries on the fly at interactive speeds on commodity laptops and desktops. In this demonstration, we showcase the efficiency of Raster Join by integrating it with Urbane and enabling interactivity. Demo visitors will interact with Urbane to filter and visualize several urban data sets over multiple resolutions.
Applying Reservation-based Scheduling to a μC-based Hypervisor: An industrial case study (2020)

Existing software scheduling mechanisms do not suffice for emerging applications in the automotive space, which have the conflicting needs of performance and predictability. As a concrete case, we consider the ETAS lightweight hypervisor (LWHVR), a commercially viable solution in the automotive industry, deployed on multicore microcontrollers. We describe the architecture of the hypervisor and its current scheduling mechanisms based on Time Division Multiplexing. We next show how Reservation-based Scheduling (RBS) can be implemented in the ETAS LWHVR to efficiently use resources while still providing freedom from interference and explore design choices towards an efficient implementation of such a scheduler. With experiments from an industry use case, we also compare the performance of RBS and the existing scheduler in the hypervisor.
[P3–070]: NOVEL ASSAYS FOR LRRK2 AND PS935 LRRK2 (2017)

Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is the strongest known genetic contributor to Parkinson's disease (PD). LRRK2 protein is a kinase and the subject of numerous drug development programs throughout the pharmaceutical industry. As such, assays that quantify LRRK2 and LRRK2 specifically phosphorylated serine 935 (pS935 LRRK2) are desirable to screen for inhibitors and to quantify pharmacokinetic targets. The development of such assays has proven challenging since there is a paucity of antibodies available against these targets. Using MSD's U-PLEX® platform, we have developed sandwich immunoassays for both analytes and shown their suitability for use with human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Antibody pairs were selected and their concentrations optimized to create the most robust assays possible from the available antibodies. As test samples, PBMCs were prepared from human donors and treated with or without a LRRK2 kinase inhibitor. Cell lysates were prepared from the PBMCs and analyzed with the new assays. Cells treated with the inhibitor showed a time-dependent decrease in the abundance of pS935 LRRK2. A modest decrease in “total” LRRK2 was also noted. The results confirm that the pS935 LRRK2 assay is specific for quantifying reversible phosphorylation of LRRK2. Immunoassays for LRRK2 and pS935 LRRK2 were successfully developed. The assays are capable of high throughput and are compatible with PBMCs, a sample type common to clinical research. The assays should prove useful for LRRK2 drug development programs both during pre-clinical research and to provide ancillary data in support of clinical studies. The reported research was funded by the Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research.
Analysis of subcutaneous swine fat via deep Raman spectroscopy using a fiber-optic probe (2020)

Since the fat content of pork is a deciding factor in meat quality grading, the use of a noninvasive subcutaneous probe for real-time in situ monitoring of the fat components is of importance to vendors and other interested parties. In this work, we developed a spectroscopic method using a fiber-optic probe for subcutaneous fat analysis that utilizes spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS). Here, normalized Raman spectra were acquired as a function of spatial offset, and the relative composition of fat-to-skin was determined. We found that the Raman intensity ratio varied disproportionately depending on the fat content and that the variations of the slope were correlated to the thickness of the fat layer. Furthermore, ordinary least square (OLS) regression using two components indicated that the depth-resolved SORS spectra reflected the relative thickness of the fat layer. We concluded that the local distribution of subcutaneous fat could be measured noninvasively using a pair of fiber-optic probes.
High performance writer using high moment sputtered films in top and bottom poles (2003)

Summary form only given. Sputter deposited materials are advantageous over traditional electroplated materials in terms of high moment, soft magnetic properties, high frequency performance, low magnetostriction, and corrosion resistance. Incorporating sputtered deposited materials in write heads requires advanced wafer processing technology. Novel patterning techniques and new writer design are often needed. In a previous study, sputter deposited high moment film was used as flux enhancement layer at the bottom of top pole. In this study, high moment sputtered materials was also introduced as the bottom pole pedestal, which resulted in further improvement in writer performance.
Ovarian Cancer Immunotherapy Using PD‐L1 siRNA Targeted Delivery from Folic Acid‐Functionalized Polyethylenimine: Strategies to Enhance T Cell Killing (2015)

Adoptive T cell immunotherapy is a promising treatment strategy for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). However, programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), highly expressed on EOC cells, interacts with programmed death-1 (PD-1), expressed on T cells, causing immunosuppression. This study aims to block PD-1/PD-L1 interactions by delivering PD-L1 siRNA, using various folic acid (FA)-functionalized polyethylenimine (PEI) polymers, to SKOV-3-Luc EOC cells, and investigate the sensitization of the EOC cells to T cell killing. To enhance siRNA uptake into EOC cells, which over express folate receptors, PEI is modified with FA or PEG-FA so that siRNA is complexed into nanoparticles with folate molecules on the surface. PEI modification with a single functional group lowers the polymer cytotoxicity compared to unmodified PEI. FA-conjugated polymers increase siRNA uptake into SKOV-3-luc cells and decrease unspecific uptake into monocytes. All polymers result in 40% to 50% PD-L1 protein knockdown. Importantly, SKOV-3-Luc cells treated with either PEI-FA or PEI- polyethylene glycol (PEG)-FA/PD-L1 siRNA complexes are up to twofold more sensitive to T cell killing compared to scrambled siRNA treated controls. These findings are the first to demonstrate that PD-L1 knockdown in EOC cells, via siRNA/FA-targeted delivery, are able to sensitize cancer cells to T cell killing.
Deregulation of DUX4 and ERG in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2020)

Chromosomal rearrangements deregulating hematopoietic transcription factors are common in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).1,2 Here, we show that deregulation of the homeobox transcription factor gene DUX4 and the ETS transcription factor gene ERG are hallmarks of a subtype of B-progenitor ALL that comprises up to 7% of B-ALL. DUX4 rearrangement and overexpression was present in all cases, and was accompanied by transcriptional deregulation of ERG, expression of a novel ERG isoform, ERGalt, and frequent ERG deletion. ERGalt utilizes a non-canonical first exon whose transcription was initiated by DUX4 binding. ERGalt retains the DNA-binding and transactivating domains of ERG, but inhibits wild-type ERG transcriptional activity and is transforming. These results illustrate a unique paradigm of transcription factor deregulation in leukemia, in which DUX4 deregulation results in loss-of-function of ERG, either by deletion or induction of expression of an isoform that is a dominant negative inhibitor of wild type ERG function.
Transaction-Based Controls for Building-Grid Integration: VOLTTRON™ (2015)

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Building Technologies Office (BTO) is supporting the development of a “transactional network” concept that supports energy, operational, and financial transactions between building systems (e.g., rooftop units -- RTUs), and the electric power grid using applications, or 'agents', that reside either on the equipment, on local building controllers, or in the Cloud. The transactional network vision is delivered using a real-time, scalable reference platform called VOLTTRON that supports the needs of the changing energy system. VOLTTRON is an agent execution and an innovative distributed control and sensing software platform that supports modern control strategies, including agent-based and transaction-based controls. It enables mobile and stationary software agents to perform information gathering, processing, and control actions.
Observation of Free Carrier Redistribution Resulting from Stacking Fault Formation in Annealed 4H-SiC (2006)

Bulk n+-4H-SiC wafers (n=1-2×1019 cm-3) containing annealing-induced stacking faults were examined by Raman scattering. The coupled plasmon-LO mode was observed to shift in a manner consistent with 1018 cm-3 doping in the 4H-SiC. Numerical simulations were performed using a self-consistent Poisson-Schrödinger solver and agree well with the experimental observations of carrier transfer from the 4H-SiC into the 3C-SiC stacking faults. The Raman data also shows that the 3C stacking faults induce a tensile strain on the surrounding 4H-SiC regions.
Inhomogeneous source uniformization using a shell mixer Köhler integrator (2012)

High flux and high CRI may be achieved by combining different chips and/or phosphors. This, however, results in inhomogeneous sources that, when combined with collimating optics, typically produce patterns with undesired artifacts. These may be a combination of spatial, angular or color non-uniformities. In order to avoid these effects, there is a need to mix the light source, both spatially and angularly. Diffusers can achieve this effect, but they also increase the etendue (and reduce the brightness) of the resulting source, leading to optical systems of increased size and wider emission angles. The shell mixer is an optic comprised of many lenses on a shell covering the source. These lenses perform Kohler integration to mix the emitted light, both spatially and angularly. Placing it on top of a multi-chip Lambertian light source, the result is a highly homogeneous virtual source (i.e, spatially and angularly mixed), also Lambertian, which is located in the same position with essentially the same size (so the average brightness is not increased). This virtual light source can then be collimated using another optic, resulting in a homogeneous pattern without color separation. Experimental measurements have shown optical efficiency of the shell of 94%, and highly homogeneous angular intensity distribution of collimated beams, in good agreement with the ray-tracing simulations.
Analysis of the shoulder with cuff tear arthropathy on conventional anteroposterior radiography (2010)

Objective: This study evaluates the preoperative conventional anteroposterior radiography in non-operated patients with cuff tear arthropathy. It analyses the radiological findings in relation to the status of the rotator cuff and clinical outcome. The aim of the study is to define the usefulness of this radiographical examination in cuff tear arthropathy. Methodology: This study analyses the preoperative radiological (AP-view, (Artro-)CT-scan or MRI-scan) and clinical characteristics (Constant-Murley-score plus active and passive mobility testing) and the peroperative findings in a cohort of 315 patients of which 282 had eccentric omarthrosis according to the classification of Hamada and 33 patients with centered omarthrosis who have at least two irreparable tendon tears. Those patients were part of a multicenter, retrospective, consecutive study of the French Orthopaedic Society (SOFCOT-2006). All patients had no surgical antecedents and were all treated with prosthetic shoulder surgery for a painful irreparable cuff tear arthropathy (reverse -(84%) or hemi-(8%) or double cup prosthesis (8%)). Results: Fatty degeneration of a rotator cuff muscle decreases its strength (p In the presence of tendons lesser bony wear is seen at the acromion (acetabularisation, (p The radiological classifications according to Hamada and Favard seem not to be as appropriate to reflect accurately the location and extent of the tendino-muscular degeneration as the acromial acetabularization and humeral sphericity. The acromio-humeral distance is a good indicator for the location and the extend of the cuff tear arthropathy. A smaller acromio-humeral distance (95% CI: 4mm + 1) is only present if the postero-superior muscles are fatty degenerated (Goutallier stade III & IV) and a larger distance is calculated (95% CI: 7mm + 3) when only the antero-superior muscles are diseased. The coracoid tip in cuff tear arthropathy-patients is almost always positioned in the inferior half of the glenoid (84%). A bigger supero-inferior distance of the glenoid in relation to the radius of the humeral head indicates more structural destruction of rotator cuff status (tendinous and muscular) and a worse clinical outcome. Conclusion: This study defines the use of a conventional radiological antero-posterior view to evaluate eccentric omarthrosis as very useful. The direction of eccentricity in the scapular plane of the body and type of wear, situated either at the glenoid, acromion or humeral head are determined by the location and extent of the tendinous lesion and the degree of fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff muscle.
Impaired Lymphopoiesis and Altered B Cell Subpopulations in Mice Overexpressing Lnk Adaptor Protein (2003)

Lnk is an adaptor protein expressed primarily in lymphocytes and hemopoietic precursor cells. Marked expansion of B lineage cells occurs in lnk(-/-) mice, indicating that Lnk regulates B cell production by negatively controlling pro-B cell expansion. In addition, lnk(-/-) hemopoietic precursors have an advantage in repopulating the hemopoietic system of irradiated host animals. In this study, we show that Lnk overexpression results in impaired expansion of lymphoid precursor cells and altered mature B cell subpopulations. The representation of both B lineage and T lineage cells was reduced in transgenic mice overexpressing Lnk under the control of a lymphocyte-specific expression vector. Whereas the overall number of B and T cells was correlated with Lnk protein expression levels, marginal zone B cells in spleen and B1 cells in the peritoneal cavity were relatively resistant to Lnk overexpression. The C-terminal tyrosine residue, conserved among Lnk family adaptor proteins, was dispensable for the negative regulatory roles of Lnk in lymphocyte development. Our results illuminate the novel negative regulatory mechanism mediated by the Lnk adaptor protein in controlling lymphocyte production and function.
Computer Simulation of Centration Effects on Corneal-Topography Analysis of Excimer Laser Photorefractive Keratectomy Ablations (1997)

Excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) procedures photoablate the central optical zone, potentially altering the corneal vertex normal and thus the corneal topography (CT) system reference axis. Anterior corneal surface coordinates (x, y, and z) were computer generated to simulate spherical and PRK-ablated corneal surfaces. Power maps were reconstructed by using surface tangents relative to various assumed CT reference axes, the original and displaced vertex normals. The simulation process eliminated focus, alignment, and surface-reconstruction errors. A simulated 5.00-D myopic PRK decentered 1 mm from the vertex produced a new corneal vertex 0.13 mm from the original position. Axial power-map generation by using this new reference axis produced a spherical keratectomy with astigmatic untreated periphery. This computer simulation demonstrates that reference axis changes are significant for even modest PRK decentration and can explain apparent steepening in untreated corneal areas. CT users should be aware that pre- and postoperative CT power maps may not be directly comparable.
Early Stages of Styrene−Isoprene Copolymerization in Gas Phase Clusters Probed by Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization (2006)

We present direct evidence for the formation of the covalent bonded styrene (isoprene)(2) oligomer and the isoprene dimer ions following resonance ionization of the gas phase styrene-isoprene binary clusters. The application of resonance ionization to study polymerization reactions in clusters provides new information on the structure and mechanism of formation of the early stages of polymerization and holds considerable promise for the discovery of new initiation mechanisms and for the development of novel materials with unique properties.
Enhanced opportunistic beamforming (2003)

Opportunistic beamforming was recently proposed to exploit multiuser diversity in cellular wireless communication systems. The basic idea is to use multiple 'dumb' transmit antennas at the base station to deliberately induce channel fluctuations that mimic those due to multi-path and Doppler. These fluctuations can be exploited by a smart scheduler to improve system throughput. Practical considerations can limit the rate of the induced channel fluctuations, therefore resulting in performance penalty for delay sensitive traffic such as voice. In this paper, we propose an enhancement of this technique that uses opportunistic beamforming on multiple 'pipes' to overcome this shortcoming and yield additional performance improvement by combining selection diversity and multiuser diversity. The simplicity of this technique and the resulting performance benefits point to the potential value in thinking of cellular wireless systems from an asynchronous packet-data perspective rather than adopting the conventional circuit approach.
Epigenetic Silencing of TMEM176A Activates ERK Signaling in Human Lung Cancer (2020)

Background: The function of TMEM176A in human lung cancer remains to be elucidated. Materials &amp; Methods: Nine cell lines and 123 cases of lung cancers were employed. Results: TMEM176A was highly expressed in H727 cells, reduced expression was observed in A549, H446 and H460 cells, loss of expression was found in H157, H1563, H358, H1299 and H23 cells. TMEM176A was unmethylated in H727 cells, partially methylated in A549, H446 and H460 cells, and fully methylated in H157, H1563, H358, H1299 and H23 cells. Loss of/reduced expression of TMEM176A is correlated to promoter region methylation. Restoration of TMEM176A expression was induced by 5-AZA-2- deoxycytidine in complete methylated cells, increased expression of TMEM176A was observed in partially methylated cells. These results suggest that TMEM176A is regulated by promoter region methylation in lung cancer cells. TMEM176A was methylated in 53.66% (66/123) of non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) samples. Reduced expression of TMEM176A was associated with promoter region methylation in 40 cases of matched primary NSCLCs and adjacent tissue samples (P&lt;0.05). TMEM176A expression induced cell apoptosis, inhibited colony formation, cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Conclusion: Methylation of TMEM176A activated ERK signaling in lung cancer cells. TMEM176A suppressed human lung cancer cell xenograft growth in mice.
Regulation of the activity of matriptase on epithelial cell surfaces by a blood‐derived factor (2001)

Matriptase is an epithelial-derived, integral membrane, trypsin-like serine protease. We have shown previously that matriptase exists both in complexed and noncomplexed forms. We now show that the complexed matriptase is an activated, two-chain form, which is inhibited in an acid-sensitive, reversible manner through binding to its cognate, Kunitz-type inhibitor, HAI-1 (hepatocyte growth factor activator inhibitor-1). Conversely, the majority of the noncomplexed matriptase is a single-chain zymogen, which lacks binding affinity to HAI-1, suggesting that matriptase, similar to most other serine proteases, is activated by proteolytic cleavage at a canonical activation motif. We have now generated mAbs specific for the conformational changes associated with the proteolytic activation of matriptase. Using these mAbs, which specifically recognize the two-chain form of matriptase, we demonstrate that matriptase is transiently activated on 184A1N4 human mammary epithelial cell surfaces following their exposure to serum. The ability of serum to activate matriptase is highly conserved across reptilian, avian, and mammalian species. This serum-dependent activation of matriptase on epithelial cell surfaces is followed by ectodomain shedding of both matriptase and its Kunitz-type inhibitor.
Results from an International Measurement round Robin of III-V Triple-Junction Solar Cells Under Air Mass Zero (2006)

This paper reports the results of an international measurement round robin of monolithic, triple-junction, GaInP/GaAs/Ge space solar cells. Eight laboratories representing national labs, solar cell vendors and space solar cell consumers, measured cells using in-house reference cells and compared those results to measurements made where each lab used the same set of reference cells. The results show that most of the discrepancy between laboratories is likely due to the quality of the standard cells rather than the measurement system or solar simulator used
The orchestration in 5G exchange — A multi-provider NFV framework for 5G services (2017)

The goal of the 5G Exchange project is to enable cross-domain orchestration of services over multiple administrations. The system we build allows the end-to-end integration of heterogeneous resource and service elements of a multi-vendor technology environment from multiple operators by sharing their network and compute infrastructures via NFV orchestration. We will run an industry control 5G use-case, where one of the VNFs is offered by a 3rd party solution provider as a VNFaaS. We will show i) full automation for end-to-end network service orchestration over multi-provider NFV and VNFaaS offerings with latency and high availability constraints; ii) actor-role models and business interactions and iii) how - with a feedback loop to lifecycle management - the system can adapt to changes.
Challenges of systematic defect control in advanced DRAM Fab (2008)

We did four experiments to study using electron beam inspection (EBI) to capture small physical defects with weak material contrast (MC) and electrical defects with very weak voltage contrast (VC) for both 7x nm and 6x nm technology nodes. Small physical defects, such as selective epitaxy grow (SEG) missing and epi-to-epi short, usually have very low capture sensitivity by optical defect inspection systems. Weak VC defects, such as bright VC (BVC) caused by short between plugs and dark VC (DVC) caused by partial open of the contact due to the misalignment. We found that low scan rate, low beam current, better charge control and high resolution are the keys to enhance the detection of these defects, especially for next generation design rule.