gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Miniature Hall sensor fabricated with maskless ion implantation (1988)

Miniature Hall sensors with half-micron sensing areas have been fabricated with maskless Si ion implantation into semi-insulating GaAs. It is shown that maskless ion implantation is a very efficient and productive technique for fabrication of small Hall sensors with practical performance, in that it achieves, with minimum process steps, accurate pattern definition and variation in the in-plane doping profile. The former is required to minimize the misalignment voltage and the latter is to realize high sensitivity and low input resistance. The maximum sensitivity obtained is 48 mV/T and is independent of the carrier concentration if the device structure is properly designed and fabricated. This agrees with the theoretical consideration that the high field effect determines the performance.
Worse health-related quality of life and hip function in female patients with elevated chromium levels (2016)

Background and purpose - Blood metal ion levels can be an indicator for detecting implant failure in metal-on-metal (MoM) hip arthroplasties. Little is known about the effect of bilateral MoM implants on metal ion levels and patient-reported outcomes. We compared unilateral patients and bilateral patients with either an ASR hip resurfacing (HR) or an ASR XL total hip replacement (THR) and investigated whether cobalt or chromium was associated with a broad spectrum of patient outcomes. Patients and methods - From a registry of 1,328 patients enrolled in a multicenter prospective follow-up of the ASR Hip System, which was recalled in 2010, we analyzed data from 659 patients (311 HR, 348 THR) who met our inclusion criteria. Cobalt and chromium blood metal ion levels were measured and a 21-item patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) questionnaire was used mean 6 years after index surgery. Results - Using a minimal threshold of ≥7 ppb, elevated chromium ion levels were found to be associated with worse health-related quality of life (HRQoL) (p < 0.05) and hip function (p < 0.05) in women. These associations were not observed in men. Patients with a unilateral ASR HR had lower levels of cobalt ions than bilateral ASR HR patients (p < 0.001) but similar levels of chromium ions (p = 0.09). Unilateral ASR XL THR patients had lower chromium and cobalt ion levels (p < 0.005) than bilateral ASR XL THR patients. Interpretation - Chromium ion levels of ≥7 ppb were associated with reduced functional outcomes in female MoM patients.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Dietary supplementation with fructooligosaccharides ameliorates allergy development following DEHP exposure in mice (2021)

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), a prebiotic supplement, can enhance immunological responses, probably through regulation of gastrointestinal microflora. On the other hand, some environmental pollutants have adjuvanticity against allergic reactions/diseases. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with FOS on a murine model of enhanced ovalbumin (OVA)-related allergic peritonitis induced by di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). C3H/HeN mice were intraperitoneally administered OVA and DEHP, and fed a diet containing 2.5% FOS. Thereafter, several parameters were evaluated. Supplementation with FOS alleviated OVA plus DEHP-related peritoneal inflammation characterized by infiltration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes including neutrophils in the peritoneal cavity. Also, FOS administration declined the number of mast cells of OVA + DEHP treated mice. FOS suppressed the elevated protein level of interleukin-5, eotaxin, and keratinocyte-derived chemoattractant, in the peritoneal lavage fluids. Our results suggest that dietary supplementation with FOS can prevent or ameliorate enhanced allergic peritoneal inflammation induced by DEHP.
A self‐adjuvanting multiepitope immunogen that induces a broadly cross‐reactive antibody to hepatitis C virus† (2007)

These results demonstrate the potential of self-adjuvanting epitope-based constructs in the development and delivery of cross-reactive immunogens that incorporate potential neutralizing epitopes present within the viral envelope of HCV.
Conserved Responses in a War of Small Molecules between a Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium and Fungi (2018)

Small-molecule signaling is one major mode of communication within the polymicrobial consortium of soil and rhizosphere. While microbial secondary metabolite (SM) production and responses of individual species have been studied extensively, little is known about potentially conserved roles of SM signals in multilayered symbiotic or antagonistic relationships. Here, we characterize the SM-mediated interaction between the plant-pathogenic bacterium <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and the two plant-pathogenic fungi <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> and <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> We show that cellular differentiation and SM biosynthesis in <i>F. fujikuroi</i> are induced by the bacterially produced lipopeptide ralsolamycin (synonym ralstonin A). In particular, fungal bikaverin production is induced and preferentially accumulates in fungal survival spores (chlamydospores) only when exposed to supernatants of ralsolamycin-producing strains of <i>R. solanacearum</i> Although inactivation of bikaverin biosynthesis moderately increases chlamydospore invasion by <i>R. solanacearum</i>, we show that other metabolites such as beauvericin are also induced by ralsolamycin and contribute to suppression of <i>R. solanacearum</i> growth <i>in vitro</i> Based on our findings that bikaverin antagonizes <i>R. solanacearum</i> and that ralsolamycin induces bikaverin biosynthesis in <i>F. fujikuroi</i>, we asked whether other bikaverin-producing fungi show similar responses to ralsolamycin. Examining a strain of <i>B. cinerea</i> that horizontally acquired the bikaverin gene cluster from <i>Fusarium</i>, we found that ralsolamycin induced bikaverin biosynthesis in this fungus. Our results suggest that conservation of microbial SM responses across distantly related fungi may arise from horizontal transfer of protective gene clusters that are activated by conserved regulatory cues, e.g., a bacterial lipopeptide, providing consistent fitness advantages in dynamic polymicrobial networks.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> Bacteria and fungi are ubiquitous neighbors in many environments, including the rhizosphere. Many of these organisms are notorious as economically devastating plant pathogens, but little is known about how they communicate chemically with each other. Here, we uncover a conserved antagonistic communication between the widespread bacterial wilt pathogen <i>Ralstonia solanacearum</i> and plant-pathogenic fungi from disparate genera, <i>Fusarium</i> and <i>Botrytis</i> Exposure of <i>Fusarium fujikuroi</i> to the bacterial lipopeptide ralsolamycin resulted in production of the antibacterial metabolite bikaverin specifically in fungal tissues invaded by <i>Ralstonia</i> Remarkably, ralsolamycin induction of bikaverin was conserved in a <i>Botrytis cinerea</i> isolate carrying a horizontally transferred bikaverin gene cluster. These results indicate that horizontally transferred gene clusters may carry regulatory prompts that contribute to conserved fitness functions in polymicrobial environments.
Role of programmed (apoptotic) cell death during the progression and therapy for prostate cancer (1996)

Cells possess within their epigenetic repertoire the ability to undergo an active process of cellular suicide termed programmed (or apoptotic) cell death. This programmed cell death process involves an epigenetic reprogramming of the cell that results in an energy-dependent cascade of biochemical and morphologic changes (also termed apoptosis) within the cell, resulting in its death and elimination. Although the final steps (i.e., DNA and cellular fragmentation) are common to cells undergoing programmed cell death, the activation of this death process is initiated either by sufficient injury to the cell induced by various exogenous damaging agents (e.g., radiation, chemicals, viruses) or by changes in the levels of a series of endogenous signals (e.g., hormones and growth/survival factors). Within the prostate, androgens are capable of both stimulating proliferation as well as inhibiting the rate of the glandular epithelial cell death. Androgen withdrawal triggers the programmed cell death pathway in both normal prostate glandular epithelia and androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Androgen-independent prostate cancer cells do not initiate the programmed cell death pathway upon androgen ablation; however, they do retain the cellular machinery necessary to activate the programmed cell death cascade when sufficiently damaged by exogenous agents. In the normal prostate epithelium, cell proliferation is balanced by an equal rate of programmed cell death, such that neither involution nor overgrowth normal occurs. In prostatic cancer, however, this balance is lost, such that there is greater proliferation than death producing continuous net growth. Thus, an imbalance in programmed cell death must occur during prostatic cancer progression. The goal of effective therapy for prostatic cancer, therefore, is to correct this imbalance. Unfortunately, this has not been achieved and metastatic prostatic cancer is still a lethal disease for which no curative therapy is currently available. In order to develop such effective therapy, an understanding of the programmed death pathway, and what controls it, is critical. Thus, a review of the present state of knowledge concerning programmed cell death of normal and malignant prostatic cells will be presented. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Subtractive W contact and local interconnect co-integration (CLIC) (2013)

The resistivity of W interconnects deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is studied. The impacts of the deposition process and liner film stacks are explored. The results show acceptable resistivity for local interconnect (LI) applications with a linewidth down to 20nm and a wiring pitch down to 60nm. An integration scheme for combining a CVD W contact and local interconnect is explored as a means of providing a compact wiring solution with minimal impact on process complexity. The wiring concept is validated by integrating the local interconnects with trigate transistors.
Silicon photonic opto-mechanical ultrasound sensor for photoacoustic imaging (2021)

Future applications of photo-acoustic imaging require a matrix of small (wavelength/2) and sensitive ultrasound sensors with read-out through a flexible cable. Integrated optical sensors have good prospects: small and sensitive sensors, wafer-scale fabrication, and matrix read-out via single optical fiber using on-chip optical multiplexing. We propose a new type of opto-mechanical ultrasound sensor (OMUS) in silicon photonic chip technology. By using an acoustically resonant membrane in combination with an innovative split rib-type photonic waveguide, we achieve extremely high sensitivity. We present our experimental results in the frequency range up to 30 MHz.
High Performance Visible Semiconductor Lasers Operating at 630 nm (2010)

630 nm single mode lasers with a V-profile layer incorporated within the waveguide core exhibit reduced fast axis divergence (19° FWHM) while maintaining a low threshold current (30 mA), making them ideal for display applications.
Bioengineered synthesis of phytochemical-adorned green silver oxide (Ag2O) nanoparticles via Mentha pulegium and Ficus carica extracts with high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal activities (2022)

Silver oxide nanoparticles have various biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. However, conventional nanofabrication of Ag<sub>2</sub>O is associated with the use of toxic chemicals and organic solvents. To circumvent this hurdle, herein silver oxide quantum dots (Ag<sub>2</sub>O-QDs) were synthesized quickly (3 min) via the use of ultrasonic irradiation and plant-extract. Additionally, due to ultrasonic irradiation's effect on cell-wall destruction and augmentation of extraction efficiency, ultrasonic was also used in the preparation of Mentha pulegium and Ficus carica extracts (10 min, r.t) as natural eco-friendly reducing/capping agents. The UV-Vis result indicated a broad absorption peak at 400-500 nm. TEM/SEM analysis showed that ultrasound introduced a uniform spherical particle and significantly reduced particle size compared to the conventional heating method (∼ 9 nm vs. ∼ 100 nm). Silver and oxygen elements were found in the bio-synthesized Ag<sub>2</sub>O by EDS. The FTIR and phenol/flavonoid tests revealed the presence of phenol and flavonoid associated with the nanoparticles. Moreover, nanoparticles exhibited antioxidant/antibacterial/antifungal activities. The MIC and MBC results showed the Ag<sub>2</sub>O QDs synthesized with M. pulegium extract have the highest antibacterial activity against E. coli (MBC = MIC:15.6 ppm), which were significantly different from uncoated nanoparticles (MBC = MIC:500 ppm). The data reflects the role of phyto-synthesized Ag<sub>2</sub>O-QDs using ultrasonic-irradiation to develop versatile and green biomedical products.
Hacking Blind (2014)

We show that it is possible to write remote stack buffer overflow exploits without possessing a copy of the target binary or source code, against services that restart after a crash. This makes it possible to hack proprietary closed-binary services, or open-source servers manually compiled and installed from source where the binary remains unknown to the attacker. Traditional techniques are usually paired against a particular binary and distribution where the hacker knows the location of useful gadgets for Return Oriented Programming (ROP). Our Blind ROP (BROP) attack instead remotely finds enough ROP gadgets to perform a write system call and transfers the vulnerable binary over the network, after which an exploit can be completed using known techniques. This is accomplished by leaking a single bit of information based on whether a process crashed or not when given a particular input string. BROP requires a stack vulnerability and a service that restarts after a crash. We implemented Braille, a fully automated exploit that yielded a shell in under 4,000 requests (20 minutes) against a contemporary nginx vulnerability, yaSSL + MySQL, and a toy proprietary server written by a colleague. The attack works against modern 64-bit Linux with address space layout randomization (ASLR), no-execute page protection (NX) and stack canaries.
The Mark Coventry Award: Diagnosis of Early Postoperative TKA Infection Using Synovial Fluid Analysis (2010)

Level II, diagnostic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A Dynamic Routing Algorithm in Mixed Media Networks with Integrated Voice and Data Traffic (1993)

In this paper, we consider mixed media networks with multi-media traffic to find the optimal splitting ratio between satellite network and terrestrial network for data and voice traffic dynamically. We constantly monitor the traffic and measure the arrival rate and occupancy of every link. Based on these data, we optimize data traffic delay in a suitable time-frame under the constraints of voice traffic blocking probabilities of voice transmission links being less than specified value, which is up to system's design or users' requirements. A dynamic routing algorithm is presented.
PLS-IoT Enhancement Against Eavesdropping via Spatially Distributed Constellation Obfuscation (2023)

Wireless communication has become a ubiquitous facet of modern-day life. With the advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and massive machine-type connectivity, the number of devices is expected to increase even more. However, increased dependence on wireless connectivity is marred with risks related to user privacy and data confidentiality, especially for low-power IoT devices. Therefore, it is imperative to provide an extremely reliable secure algorithm with minimal complexity and computational expense in IoT paradigm. With that in mind, this letter presents asymmetric multi-level physical layer security (PLS) scheme, in which each transmitted symbol undergoes two types of distortion: channel-based phase distortion and multi-reception amplitude randomization. The proposed scheme offers a substantial security advantage for legitimate links, while also streamlining receiver design. Numerical results indicate that the scheme effectively confounds eavesdroppers without compromising the bit error rate of the intended receiver. Additionally, the proposed scheme provides another level of security by concealing the modulation information, requiring the receiver to detect the modulation scheme before detecting transmitted symbols.
Role of the protein C pathway in the extra‐intestinal thrombosis associated with inflammatory bowel disease (2008)

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with an increased risk for thromboembolism. While thrombosis is known to contribute to the morbidity and mortality of patients with IBD, the underlying mechanisms that contribute to the genesis of a hypercoagulable state during intestinal inflammation remain poorly defined. The objective of this study was to determine whether the protein C pathway contributes to the enhanced extra‐intestinal thrombosis that is associated with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)‐induced colitis in mice. Intravital microscopy was used to monitor thrombus formation in arterioles and venules of the cremaster muscle in colitic wild type (WT) and mutant mice that overexpress the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR). Thrombus formation was induced using the light/dye endothelial injury model and quantified using the time of onset of the thrombus and time to blood flow cessation. Some WT mice were treated with either activated protein C (APC) or an APC neutralizing antibody (APC‐Ab). The DSS‐enhanced thrombosis response was greatly attenuated in the EPCR transgenic mice and in WT mice treated with APC immediately prior to photoactivation. Treatment with the APC‐Ab further promoted the DSS‐enhanced thrombosis response. These findings indicate that an altered protein C pathway contributes to the extra‐intestinal thrombosis that accompanies colonic inflammation. (P01 DK43785)
Recovery and primary purification of bacteriophage M13 using aqueous two‐phase systems (2017)

Abstract BACKGROUND Bacteriophage M13 is an Escherichia coli ‐specific non‐lytic filamentous virus commonly used in applications ranging from antibody screening and nanomaterial construction to drug delivery, among others. In this tenor, alternative methods for the fractionation, recovery and partial purification of phage particles are desired. In this work, the use of aqueous two‐phase systems (ATPS) was evaluated as an alternative method for the recovery of phage particles. RESULTS The partition behavior of M13 in PEG–salt and ionic liquid (IL)–salt ATPS was characterized using a pre‐purified feedstock. In PEG‐salt ATPS, M13 was preferentially partitioned to the interface. In IL ATPS, however, M13 showed a high‐top phase preference with recovery yields above 65%. Selected systems were tested for the extraction of M13 from a crude fermentation broth. From crude broth, a PEG 400‐potassium phosphate system with volume ratio (V R ) of 1 and 25% w/w tie line length (TLL) gave the best M13 top phase recovery (83%) and purification fold (18.2) in terms of total protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS The results presented here demonstrate the practical application of ATPS as an efficient process for the primary recovery and partial purification of M13 and represent the first study of the extraction of viral particles directly from a crude broth as well as the use of IL‐Salt ATPS. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Abstract 20112: Lateral Tunnel and Extra-Cardiac Fontan Operations Have Equivalent Early and Late Outcomes in the Modern Era (2016)

Introduction: Controversy continues regarding lateral tunnel (LT) versus extra-cardiac (EC) Fontan’s. Although we currently perform EC, there was a broad transition period. We aimed to compare long-term outcomes after LT or EC. Methods A. Total surgical experience: Of 906 Fontan operations (1976-2014), 223 were LT (1987-2005) and 412 EC (1995-2014) (median f/u 8.3 years; range 0-29). Survival and re-operations (including revisions, transplants and pacemakers) were compared. B. Adults: Our ACHD program follows 102 LT and 78 EC (median 23 years post-Fontan; range 18-40). All were reviewed and risk-adjusted comparisons were made. Additional comparisons used propensity-matched pairs near-identical by diagnosis, morphology, age and era (LT=36, EC=36, parametric greedy matching, c-statistic .885). Risk-adjustment was via parametric multivariable models and competing risks techniques, with bootstrapping. Results A. Early peri-operative mortality after Fontan was strongly era-dependent ( P P B. Adults with LT and EC exhibit comparable risk-adjusted late outcomes (table, figure) by i) unadjusted comparisons, ii) risk-adjusted comparisons and iii) propensity-matched comparisons. Conclusions: LT and EC in the modern era have equivalent early and late outcomes to 30 years including survival, re-operation, cardiopulmonary function, arrhythmia and Fontan failure.
Design of a biomedical reactor for plasma low‐density lipoprotein removal (1993)

The purpose of this study was to design a biomedical reactor that reduces plasma cholesterol when incorporated in an in vivo extracorporeal system. Phospholipase A(2), immobilized onto Agarose beads and housed inside the bioreactor, modifies plasma low density lipoprotein (LDL) into a form that is rapidly removed from circulation. In a packed bed reactor, the enzymatic conversion of LDL to the modified form (with plasma taken from hypercholesterolemic New Zealand white rabbits) was relatively low, 25% +/- 6 for a single pass of plasma through the reactor. An extended bed reactor, a hybrid of fluidized and packed bed reactors, was then developed to increase the conversion. This reactor displays a single pass conversion of 60% +/- 5 under optimal flow conditions. An evaluation of the flow rate through the reactor indicates that the system is limited by external mass transfer when employed under in vivo conditions. In addition, this system requires blood separation before the enzyme modification, which complicates the circuit control. Therefore, a new system was designed for in vivo use with rabbits. The resulting design, called the plasma separator reactor (PSR), combines plasma separation and enzymatic conversion in a single chamber. The PSR has three advantages over other studied systems: improved external mass transfer conditions, easy controllability, and simple set-up procedures. Single pass conversion reached 52% +/- 12 in suboptimal flow under simulated in vivo conditions. This reactor was also tested in vivo with hypercholesterolemic New Zealand white rabbits. A continuous conversion of up to 80% +/- 6 of rabbit plasma phospholipids was observed during 90 min of blood circulation (5 mL/min). The decrease in total plasma cholesterol reached a level of 60% of the initial value and was observed to be a function of the bioreactor enzyme activity.