gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of water-soluble antioxidant from spinach, NAO, on doxorubicin-induced heart injury (2001)

Doxorubicin (DOX) produces clinically restorative responses in numerous human cancers, but its cardiotoxicity has limited its usefulness. Because reactive oxygen species may affect DOX-induced antitumor activity and cardiotoxicity, we evaluated the prophylactic effect of spinach natural antioxidant (NAO) on DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and oxidative stress in female Balb/c mice using histological, electron microscopical and biochemical parameters. Mice were treated with NAO for 7 days prior to and/or for 6 days after DOX administration. Pretreatment with NAO (cumulative dose: 130 mg/kg) did not hinder the effectiveness of DOX. Light and electron microscopy of DOX-treated heart revealed myocardial degeneration. When administered combined before and after DOX, NAO conferred the most significant cardiac protection. The effects of NAO on the lipid peroxidation product, malondialdehyde, and on H2O2/ hydroperoxides were examined on day 6 following DOX administration; levels of both were elevated in DOX-treated mice, compared to control. Pretreatment with NAO prevented these changes. Pretreatment with NAO before DOX administration decreased catalase and increased superoxide dismutase activities compared to the DOX group. Our results suggest usage of NAO in combination with DOX as a prophylactic strategy to protect heart muscle from DOX-induced cellular damage.
H4D: Human 4D Modeling by Learning Neural Compositional Representation (2022)

Despite the impressive results achieved by deep learning based 3D reconstruction, the techniques of directly learning to model 4D human captures with detailed geometry have been less studied. This work presents a novel framework that can effectively learn a compact and compositional representation for dynamic human by exploiting the human body prior from the widely used SMPL parametric model. Particularly, our representation, named H4D, represents a dynamic 3D human over a temporal span with the SMPL parameters of shape and initial pose, and latent codes encoding motion and auxiliary information. A simple yet effective linear motion model is proposed to provide a rough and regularized motion estimation, followed by perframe compensation for pose and geometry details with the residual encoded in the auxiliary code. Technically, we introduce novel GRU-based architectures to facilitate learning and improve the representation capability. Extensive experiments demonstrate our method is not only efficacy in recovering dynamic human with accurate motion and detailed geometry, but also amenable to various 4D human related tasks, including motion retargeting, motion completion and future prediction.
Electrodes for Nonaqueous Oxygen Reduction Based upon Conductive Polymer-Silver Composites (2010)

Progress toward the development of current collector-conductive polymer-silver (cc-cp-Ag) composite cathodes for nonaqueous metal air batteries is presented here, where the contribution of each component toward the overall oxygen reduction activity of the multifunctional cc-cp-Ag composite is studied. First, the effect of the chemical identity of the current collector (carbon versus gold) on the electrochemical reduction of oxygen is examined, accompanied by a conductive polymer deposition study. These two studies together demonstrate that a conductive polymer deposit can eliminate any competitive electrochemistry due to the current collector. Second, the role of the conductive polymer in improving physical strength of the composite electrode is evaluated using an electrode durability test. Third, a systematic study of the Ag loading effect is undertaken to determine the minimum silver loading required for significant enhancement in oxygen reduction activity.
Insights on Escherichia coli biofilm formation and inhibition from whole‐transcriptome profiling (2008)

Biofilms transform independent cells into specialized cell communities. Here are presented some insights into biofilm formation ascertained with the best-characterized strain, Escherichia coli. Investigations of biofilm formation and inhibition with this strain using whole-transcriptome profiling coupled to phenotypic assays, in vivo DNA binding studies and isogenic mutants have led to discoveries related to the role of stress, to the role of intra- and interspecies cell signalling, to the impact of the environment on cell signalling, to biofilm inhibition by manipulating cell signalling, to the role of toxin/antitoxin genes in biofilm formation, and to the role of small RNAs on biofilm formation and dispersal. Hence, E. coli is an excellent resource for determining paradigms in biofilm formation and biofilm inhibition.
ChemInform Abstract: ARYLAZOMETHYLENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANES: INTRAMOLECULAR REACTIONS WITH ALDONITRONYL SUBSTITUENTS IN THE ORTHO POSITION WITH RESPECT TO THE AZOPHOSPHORANE GROUP (1985)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen (IV) werden nach aufgezeichnetem Schema synthetisiert, um mögliche intramolekulare Reaktionen dieser Verbindungen bei thermischer Behandlung in Toluol oder DMSO zu ermitteln.
Manufacturability improvements in EUV resist processing toward NXE:3300 processing (2014)

As the design rule of semiconductor process gets finer, extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) technology is aggressively studied as a process for 22nm half pitch and beyond. At present, the studies for EUV focus on manufacturability. It requires fine resolution, uniform, smooth patterns and low defectivity, not only after lithography but also after the etch process. In the first half of 2013, a CLEAN TRACK<sup>TM</sup> LITHIUS Pro<sup>TM</sup>Z-EUV was installed at imec for POR development in preparation of the ASML NXE:3300. This next generation coating/developing system is equipped with state of the art defect reduction technology. This tool with advanced functions can achieve low defect levels. This paper reports on the progress towards manufacturing defectivity levels and latest optimizations towards the NXE:3300 POR for both lines/spaces and contact holes at imec.
A novel hydrodynamic method for microvascular flow enhancement (2009)

We have shown that drag-reducing polymers (DRP) restore perfusion to a stenotic bed by lowering microvascular resistance. We studied whether resistance-lowering by DRP are due to changes in hydrodynamics or vasodilation. During intravital microscopy of rat cremaster muscle (n=18), DRP infusion increased aortic flow (p<0.002), decreased vascular resistance (p<0.01), increased arteriolar diameter (p=0.023), and increased RBC velocity in the arterioles (p<0.04), venules (p<0.003) and capillaries (p<0.02). To investigate whether DRP lowers resistance without involvement of shear (nitric oxide [NO])-mediated vasodilation, L-NAME was infused in 19 rats, but failed to abolish DRP resistance-lowering. To further investigate whether DRP resistance-lowering depends on vasodilation, adenosine was infused into rabbit femoral arteries (n=19) prior to DRP to achieve marked vasodilation. DRP caused an additional 14% decrease in femoral vascular resistance (p=0.022). DRP enhance microcirculatory perfusion by lowering vascular resistance. This involves not only some degree of shear-induced vasodilation, but also tone-independent resistance lowering mechanisms, suggesting that DRP favorably alter blood flow hydrodynamics. Modulation of blood flow hydrodynamics to enhance perfusion is unique, and may be of therapeutic value for any condition of compromised blood flow.
The effect of high-intensity intermittent swimming on post-exercise glycogen supercompensation in rat skeletal muscle (2011)

A single bout of prolonged endurance exercise stimulates glucose transport in skeletal muscles, leading to post-exercise muscle glycogen supercompensation if sufficient carbohydrate is provided after the cessation of exercise. Although we recently found that short-term sprint interval exercise also stimulates muscle glucose transport, the effect of this type of exercise on glycogen supercompensation is uncertain. Therefore, we compared the extent of muscle glycogen accumulation in response to carbohydrate feeding following sprint interval exercise with that following endurance exercise. In this study, 16-h-fasted rats underwent a bout of high-intensity intermittent swimming (HIS) as a model of sprint interval exercise or low-intensity prolonged swimming (LIS) as a model of endurance exercise. During HIS, the rats swam for eight 20-s sessions while burdened with a weight equal to 18% of their body weight. The LIS rats swam with no load for 3 h. The exercised rats were then refed for 4, 8, 12, or 16 h. Glycogen levels were almost depleted in the epitrochlearis muscles of HIS- or LIS-exercised rats immediately after the cessation of exercise. A rapid increase in muscle glycogen levels occurred during 4 h of refeeding, and glycogen levels had peaked at the end of 8 h of refeeding in each group of exercised refed rats. The peak glycogen levels during refeeding were not different between HIS- and LIS-exercised refed rats. Furthermore, although a large accumulation of muscle glycogen in response to carbohydrate refeeding is known to be associated with decreased insulin responsiveness of glucose transport, and despite the fact that muscle glycogen supercompensation was observed in the muscles of our exercised rats at the end of 4 h of refeeding, insulin responsiveness was not decreased in the muscles of either HIS- or LIS-exercised refed rats compared with non-exercised fasted control rats at this time point. These results suggest that sprint interval exercise enhances muscle glycogen supercompensation in response to carbohydrate refeeding as well as prolonged endurance exercise does. Furthermore, in this study, both HIS and LIS exercise prevented insulin resistance of glucose transport in glycogen supercompensated muscle during the early phase of carbohydrate refeeding. This probably led to the enhanced muscle glycogen supercompensation after exercise.
The Effect of Low Dose Carvedilol on Circadian Variation of Blood Pressure in Patients with Essential Hypertension (1987)

The effect of once daily low-dose carvedilol on circadian variations of blood pressure (BP) was studied in Japanese patients with mild or moderate essential hypertension. Thirty-one patients were admitted to hospital whose BP was 150/90 mm Hg/day or greater and they participated in the study. After a placebo period of 1 week, 5 or 10 mg carvedilol was given once daily in the morning for 3 to 7 days, and if BP reduction was not sufficient, the dose was increased to 20 mg daily. The blood pressure variation was monitored before and 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h after administration of the drug on the last day of placebo and final dose of carvedilol. Of the 31 cases receiving carvedilol once daily, cumulative effectiveness (13 mm Hg reduction in mean BP) was 48.4% at 10 mg/day and 54.8% at 20 mg/day. Both systolic and diastolic pressures decreased significantly and heart rate decreased slightly. There was no significant difference between the standard deviations of BP on the last days of the control period and the carvedilol treatment. The difference between maximum and minimum BP during the day was not significant between the two periods. Circadian variations of heart rate were also not significantly different for the two periods. This indicates that carvedilol did not have any effect on circadian variations of BP and heart rate. The present study also suggests that low-dose carvedilol once daily may be effective in the treatment of hypertension.
Basic Properties of Novel Bioactive Cement Based on Silica-Calcium Phosphate Composite and Carbonate Apatite (2016)

Silica-calcium phosphate composite (SCPC) and carbonate apatite (CO 3 Ap) are resorbable bioactive materials with the ability to adapt to bone structure and to induce bone regeneration. Considering the similarity between bone and dental structure, where both are mainly composed of calcium deficient carbonate containing hydroxyapatite, we hypothesize that a SCPC-CO 3 Ap bone cement might also be favorable for the regeneration of dentin and pulp tissue. Therefore, in the present study we report on the effect of composition and structure of SCPC-CO 3 Ap cement on the morphology, setting and mechanical properties of the material. The novel bioceramics cement composed of vaterite, dicalcium phosphate anhydrous (DCPA) and SCPC. The powder cement ratio divided into 5 groups: group 1 (60% DCPA : 40% vaterite : 0% SCPC) as a control, group 2 (60% DCPA : 10% vaterite : 30% SCPC), group 3 (60% DCPA : 20% vaterite : 20% SCPC), group 4 (60% DCPA : 30% vaterite : 10% SCPC), and group 5 (60% DCPA : 0% vaterite : 40% SCPC). Each group was mixed by 1M Na 2 HPO 4 aqueous solution at liquid to powder ratio of 0.5 and hardened at 37°C and 100 % of relative humidity for 72 hours. Set cement was examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the mechanical strength was evaluated by diametral tensile strength. XRD patterns revealed that the apatite formation was formed after 72 hours, however the intensity of apatite varied based on the SCPC content. The DTS evaluation indicated that group 3 has the highest mechanical strength compared to others. This was supported by SEM analysis of set cement showing more compact surface microstructure of group 2 and 3 compared to other different ratio and control group. The novel bioceramics cement was successfully made using vaterite, DCPA and SCPC. This new cement is currently being investigated for dental application to induce dentinogenesis.
Super radiation tolerance of CIGS solar cells demonstrated in space by MDS-1 satellite (2003)

High radiation tolerance of CIGS solar cells is demonstrated in space for the first time by monitoring the performance of Cu(In,Ga)Se/sub 2/ thin-film solar cells on MDS-1 since February 2002. Short-circuit current of the CIGS cells did not degrade and open-circuit voltage of the cells degraded only about 1%. In contrast, the performance of other solar cells on the satellite, including Si and GaAs space solar cells, degraded 1 year after launch. The high recovery of radiation damage of ClGS solar cells due to thermal annealing was found from ground test. We predicted the degradation of the CIGS solar cells in space using the relative degradation coefficient, the annealing rates of Voc and Isc for protons irradiating the cells and the radiation response of the cells without thermal annealing. The results are in good agreement with flight data of the CIGS solar cells on the satellite. We were thus able to demonstrate high radiation tolerance of CIGS solar cells in space for the first time.
Dark current analysis and characterization of In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As/InAs/sub y/P/sub 1-y/ graded photodiodes with x&lt;0.53 for response to longer wavelengths (&lt;1.7 mu m) (1992)

The dark current properties of In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As photodiodes, where x is varied from 0.53 to 0.82 for extending the long wavelength cutoff from 1.7 to 2.6 mu m, are described. Detailed analyses of optoelectrical parameters of In/sub 0.82/Ga/sub 0.1/As photodiodes are presented. Dark current, which is a critical parameter and limits the operation of the photodiode, is analyzed and compared with the experimental values. Typical characteristics of photodiodes with cutoff wavelengths of 1.7 mu m (x=0.53), 2.2 mu m (x=0.72), and 2.6 mu m (x=0.82) are presented. The typical and best values of the dark currents obtained are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Wideband Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition for mm-Wave Applications (2019)

Introduction . Increased data rate in modern communication systems can be achieved by raising the operational frequency to millimeter wave range where wide transmission bands are available. In millimeter wave communication systems, the passive components of the antenna feeding system, which are based on hollow metal waveguides, and active elements of the radiofrequency circuit, which have an interface constructed on planar printed circuit boards (PCB) are interconnected using waveguide-to-microstrip transition. Aim . To design and investigate a high-performance wideband and low loss waveguide-to-microstrip transition dedicated to the 60 GHz frequency range applications that can provide effective transmission of signals between the active components of the radiofrequency circuit and the passive components of the antenna feeding system Materials and methods . Full-wave electromagnetic simulations in the CST Microwave Studio software were used to estimate the impact of the substrate material and metal foil on the characteristics of printed structures and to calculate the waveguide-to-microstrip transition characteristics. The results were confirmed via experimental investigation of fabricated wideband transition samples using a vector network analyzer Results . The probe-type transition consist of a PCB fixed between a standard WR-15 waveguide and a back-short with a simple structure and the same cross-section. The proposed transition also includes two through-holes on the PCB in the center of the transition area on either side of the probe. A significant part of the lossy PCB dielectric is removed from that area, thus providing wideband and low-loss performance of the transition without any additional matching elements. The design of the transition was adapted for implementation on the PCBs made of two popular dielectric materials RO4350B and RT/Duroid 5880. The results of full-wave simulation and experimental investigation of the designed waveguide to microstrip transition are presented. The transmission bandwidth for reflection coefficient S11 &lt; –10 dB is in excess of 50…70 GHz. The measured insertion loss for a single transition is 0.4 and 0.7 dB relatively for transitions based on RO4350B and RT/Duroid 5880. Conclusion . The proposed method of insertion loss reduction in the waveguide-to-microstrip transition provides effective operation due to reduction of the dielectric substrate portion in the transition region for various high-frequency PCB materials. The designed waveguide-to -microstrip transition can be considered as an effective solution for interconnection between the waveguide and microstrip elements of the various millimeter-wave devices dedicated for the 60 GHz frequency range applications.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Senescence Sensitivity of Breast Cancer Cells Is Defined by Positive Feedback Loop between CIP2A and E2F1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 4 PDF file - 269K, Characterization of hypomorphic CIP2A HOZ mice&lt;/p&gt;
320-Gbit/s Optical Time Multiplexing of Two 160-Gbit/s Channels Using Supercontinuum Generation to Achieve High-Speed WDM-to-TDM (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate multiplexing of two 160-Gbit/s WDM signals to one 320-Gbit/s signal based on supercontinuum generation in a highly nonlinear fiber. Error free operation was achieved after demultiplexing the 320-Gbit/s signal to 10-Gbit/s and less than 3 dB penalty was observed.
Higher trends but larger uncertainty and geographic variability in 21st century temperature and heat waves (2009)

Generating credible climate change and extremes projections remains a high-priority challenge, especially since recent observed emissions are above the worst-case scenario. Bias and uncertainty analyses of ensemble simulations from a global earth systems model show increased warming and more intense heat waves combined with greater uncertainty and large regional variability in the 21st century. Global warming trends are statistically validated across ensembles and investigated at regional scales. Observed heat wave intensities in the current decade are larger than worst-case projections. Model projections are relatively insensitive to initial conditions, while uncertainty bounds obtained by comparison with recent observations are wider than ensemble ranges. Increased trends in temperature and heat waves, concurrent with larger uncertainty and variability, suggest greater urgency and complexity of adaptation or mitigation decisions.
Solar Cell Degradation During the 26-Kilowatt Electric Propulsion Space Experiment Flight (2002)

The Electric Propulsion Space Experiment (ESEX) was launched and operated in early 1999 to demonstrate the compatibility and readiness of a 30-kW class ammonia arcjet for satellite propulsion applications. As part of thisflight, an array of onboard contamination sensors assessed the effects of the arcjet on the spacecraft. The sensors consisted of microbalances to measure material deposition, radiometers to assess material degradation due to thermal radiation, and solar cell segments to investigate solar array degradation. During firings, the solar cell segments showed decreasing open-circuit voltages, probably due to additional electrical load imposed by currents through the plume plasma. Over eight firings of the ESEX arcjet, and 33-min, 44-s operating time, the solar cells exhibited a 3% decrease in short-circuit current, attributable to decreased solar transmission of the cover glass. The spacecraft's main solar arrays, however, exhibited no degradation in performance. Contamination affected only the solar cell sensor segments placed near the thruster exhaust nozzle. In the backplane of the thruster, where the main arrays are located, no deleterious effects occurred, indicating that although engineering measures may be required for equipment in the immediate vicinity of the thruster, the arcjet environment is generally benign.
Predictive coding in a homomorphic vocoder (1971)

Application of a type of predictive coding to the channel signals of a homomorphic vocoder has produced sizable bit rate reductions. With only slight degradation in speech quality, reduction (for the spectral envelope information) from 7800 to 4000 bits/s was achieved. A technique for obtaining the formant frequencies from the predictive coding parameters is described; this approach promises further bit rate reductions. As a by-product of this study of predictive coding, direct and cascade form speech synthesizers are compared on the basis of differing quantization effects.
The isolation and X-ray structure determination of an active intermediate in the accelerated sulfur vulcanization of alkenes (1993)

In the sulfur vulcanization reaction of 2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene(C6H12), in the presence of S8, ZnO and organic accelerators, intermediate products are formed with consist of an alkene bound by sulfur to an accelerator fragment: C6H11–Sn–S(S)CNMe2, where n 0; the isolation characterisation and vulcanization activity of 2,3-dimethylbut-2-en-1-yl dimethyltrithiopercarbamate [C6H11–S–S(S)CNMe2] is described.
Collinear pump-probe experiment: a new tool for ultrafast optical dynamics at femtosecond time scale (1996)

Summary form only given. Standard ultrafast studies rely mainly on pump-probe experiments. We present a degenerate configuration (laser pulses of the same optical and spatial frequency) where new terms in the third order polarizations will fully develop. It opens a new way to analyze optical dynamics. The third-order polarization for a collinear pump-probe experiment is analysed.