gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lignin nanoparticle-enhanced biobased resins for digital light processing 3D printing: Towards high resolution and tunable mechanical properties (2023)

The more widespread applicability of photopolymerization-based three-dimensional (3D) printing is limited by the availability of light-curable resins, most of which are based on fossil-derived compounds. We developed a biobased lignin-derivable resin by utilizing methacrylated derivatives of vanillin, vanillyl alcohol, and eugenol as aromatic monomers. Lignin nanoparticles (LNPs) were incorporated as functional fillers that enhance print resolution and material properties. The crosslinking degree, and thereby the tensile properties, was modulated through the use of mono- or dimethacrylated vanillin derivatives in the resin formulation. The LNPs acted as UV absorbers, conferring better control of the photopolymerization process by preventing light penetration across unintended layers, leading to enhanced print resolution. The LNPs showed excellent dispersion stability due to their size and morphology. The inclusion of up to 2 wt% of LNPs improved the ductility of the 3D printed nanocomposites through toughening mechanisms enabled by the rigid nanoparticles. Finally, exploiting the differences in crosslinking degree of the resin formulations, a multi-material model featuring both soft and rigid domains was fabricated. This study demonstrates a simple but effective strategy for the design of biobased photocurable resins with tailorable mechanical properties that are suitable for high-resolution and multi-material 3D printing.
Abstract 3679: Targeting drug-resistant GIST cells with a quadruplex-binding small molecule (2010)

Abstract Gastrointestinal tumours (GIST) originate, at least in part, from disregulation and consequent aberrant expression of the c-kit oncogene. Imatinib is an effective inhibitor of the ATP-binding activity of the kinase domain in the c-kit protein, and is used clinically to treat GIST patients. However acquired resistance to Imatinib is a severe problem hindering long-term patient survival. We have previously reported on an alternative approach to c-kit therapy that involves targeting and stabilising quadruplex DNA sequences with a small molecule, (i) in two sequences within the c-kit promoter so that c-kit expression is down-regulated, and (ii) in the single-stranded overhang of telomeric DNA, inhibiting telomerase activity in GIST cells. We have previously reported that both of these are targeted by a potent (IC50 ≪ 1μM) tetra-substituted naphthalene diimide compound in the Imatinib-sensitive GIST882 patient-derived cell line. This compound is equally potent in the patient-derived GIST48 Imatinib-resistant line; we report here that it has no effect on c-kit expression, telomerase activity, or the expression of other oncogenes in which promoter quadruplexes have been identified. Instead we find that the translation of the apoptosis-related bcl-2 gene is profoundly affected, but not its transcription. The bcl-2 gene has a potential quadruplex-forming region in the 5′-UTR sequence, and we report here that this forms a stable RNA quadruplex structure, which is further stabilised by the binding of the naphthalene diimide ligand. A reporter assay approach using a dual luciferase psiCHECK-2 vector, containing the bcl-2 5′-UTR sequence, is being used to validate the key concept that this G-rich sequence is involved in modulating translation in vitro, and in vivo through transfection into mammalian cells. Our current experiments in an Imatinib-resistant GIST cell line in the presence of the compound are enabling us to substantiate this cellular target and characterize the mode of action. Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3679.
In vitro modelling of the mucosa of the oesophagus and upper digestive tract (2021)

Abstract: This review discusses the utility and limitations of model gut systems in accurately modelling the mucosa of the digestive tract from both an anatomical and functional perspective, with a particular focus on the oesophagus and the upper digestive tract, and what this means for effective in vitro modelling of oesophageal pathology. Disorders of the oesophagus include heartburn, dysphagia, eosinophilic oesophagitis, achalasia, oesophageal spasm and gastroesophageal reflux disease. 3D in vitro models of the oesophagus, such as organotypic 3D culture and spheroid culture, have been shown to be effective tools for investigating oesophageal pathology. However, these models are not integrated with modelling of the upper digestive tract—presenting an opportunity for future development. Reflux of upper gastrointestinal contents is a major contributor to oesophageal pathologies like gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barratt’s oesophagus, and in vitro models are essential for understanding their mechanisms and developing solutions. The limitations of current model gut systems in modelling the mucosa is not only limited to the oesophagus. Integration of modelling of the mucus covered epithelia of the stomach and small intestine in to upper digestive tract models is limited and often not considered at all. In this paper we discuss mucus structure and function and current approaches to modelling of the mucus layer in isolation, and in integrated systems with cell culture systems and digestive models. We identify a need for relevant modelling of the viscoelastic properties of mucus and its protective function to allow complete integration in modelling. Addressing limitations of current in vitro models and integrating upper gastrointestinal models with those of the oesophagus presents an opportunity for better understanding oesophageal physiology and pathophysiology where reflux of digestive fluids is involved.
X-ray Dark-field Radiography - In-Vivo Diagnosis of Lung Cancer in Mice (2017)

Accounting for about 1.5 million deaths annually, lung cancer is the prevailing cause of cancer deaths worldwide, mostly associated with long-term smoking effects. Numerous small-animal studies are performed currently in order to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop treatment strategies. Within this letter, we propose to exploit X-ray dark-field imaging as a novel diagnostic tool for the detection of lung cancer on projection radiographs. Here, we demonstrate in living mice bearing lung tumors, that X-ray dark-field radiography provides significantly improved lung tumor detection rates without increasing the number of false-positives, especially in the case of small and superimposed nodules, when compared to conventional absorption-based imaging. While this method still needs to be adapted to larger mammals and finally humans, the technique presented here can already serve as a valuable tool in evaluating novel lung cancer therapies, tested in mice and other small animal models.
Formation of Tungsten Oxide Defects during Tungsten CMP (2003)

Most tungsten chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) processes utilize a subsequent cleaning process referred to as post-CMP cleaning for removal of contaminated layers. Even after a proper post-CMP cleaning has treated polished wafers, several defects such as slurry particles, microscratches, and metallic impurities are still easily observable. In this study, a new kind of defect has been observed at the stage between overpolishing and post-CMP clean in the course of the tungsten CMP. The circular-shape defect was composed of very thin tungsten oxide, which could be removed by several treatments such as HF solution dipping, additional oxide CMP, and the treatment of concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution during poly(vinyl alcohol) brushing. Among them, the most available method without any further process issues was the use of concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Mitochondrial Variant G4132A is Associated with Familial Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy in One Large Pedigree (2007)

The G4132A mitochondrial variation is associated with familial NA-AION in our pedigree.
Hybrid Radial Basis Function and Local φ-Polynomial Surfaces (2013)

We present an efficient, localized, and hybrid surface description method combining assets of radial basis functions and local φ-polynomials. The method reduces the order of φ-polynomials terms required for optics and applicable to general apertures.
Direct Chosen Ciphertext Security from Identity-Based Techniques. (2005)

Abstract We describe a new encryption technique that is secure in the standard model against adaptivechosen ciphertext (CCA2) attacks. We base our method on two very efficient Identity-Based
Improving the Exact Security of Digital Signature Schemes. (1999)

We provide two contributions to exact security analysis of digital signatures: 1. We put forward a new method of constructing Fiat-Shamir-like signature schemes that yields better &amp;quot;exact security&amp;quot; than the original Fiat-Shamir method; and 2. We extend exact security analysis to exact cost-security analysis by showing that digital signature schemes with &amp;quot;loose security&amp;quot; may be preferable for reasonable measures of cost.
Expression of the O-Glycosylation Enzyme GalNAc-T3 in the Equatorial Segment Correlates with the Quality of Spermatozoa (2018)

We question whether the expression of GalNAc-T3, the only known <i>O</i>-GalNAc-transferase present in germ cells, is correlated with qualitative and functional parameters of spermatozoa. We investigated the expression of GalNAc-T3 in ejaculated spermatozoa with immunocytochemistry in swim-up purified and acrosome-reacted spermatozoa from quality-control semen donors and in semen samples from 206 randomly selected men representing a broad spectrum of semen quality. Using donor ejaculates and immunofluorescence detection we found that expression of GalNAc-T3 and the presence of the immature <i>O</i>-glycans Tn and T localized to the equatorial segment of spermatozoa. The proportion of GalNAc-T3-positive spermatozoa in the ejaculate increased after swim-up and appeared unaffected by induction of acrosomal exocytosis. The fraction of spermatozoa with equatorial expression of GalNAc-T3 correlated with classical semen parameters (concentration <i>p</i> = 9 × 10<sup>-6</sup>, morphology <i>p</i> = 7 × 10<sup>-8</sup>, and motility <i>p</i> = 1.8 × 10<sup>-5</sup>) and was significantly lower in men with oligoteratoasthenozoospermia (<i>p</i> = 0.0048). In conclusion, GalNAc-T3 was highly expressed by motile spermatozoa and the expression correlated positively with the classical semen parameters. Therefore, GalNAc-T3 expression seems related to the quality of the spermatozoa, and we propose that reduced expression of GalNAc-T3 may lead to impaired <i>O</i>-glycosylation of proteins and thereby abnormal maturation and reduced functionality of the spermatozoa.
Velocity of grain-boundary dislocations in a Σ = 9 bicrystal of silicon (1992)

The velocity of DSC grain-boundary dislocations, with Burgers vector bg = 1/18[411], is measured for temperatures ranging from 823 to 1023 K and stresses ranging from 10 to 30 MPa, in silicon Σ = 9 bicrystals. Screw segments are heavily kinked and much faster than edge ones, parallel to the [011] tilt axis of the bicrystals, which look very rigid. The apparent activation energy for the glide of fast screw segments is ≈ 1.3 eV and the stress exponent m ≈ 2.5. Results are discussed in terms of the kink-pair model and estimates of kink formation and migration energies, based on the core structures of kinks, satisfactorily account for the observed anisotropy of DSC dislocation motion. La vitesse des dislocations integranulaires élémentaires, de vecteur de Burgers 1/18[411] est mesurée dans des bicristaux de silicium Σ = 9, pour des températures allant de 823 à 1023 K et des cissions comprises entre 10 et 30 MPa. Les segments vis présentent de nombreux décrochements et sont beaucoup plus rapides que les segments coin parallèles à l'axe de flexion du bicristal, qui sont très rigides. Le glissement des segments vis rapides est caractérisé par une énergie d'activation de ≈ 1,3 eV et un exposant de contrainte m ≈ 2,5. Ces résultats sont discutés dans le cadre d'un modèle de doubles décrochements et des estimations des énergies de formation et de migration des décrochements, fondées sur leurs structures de coeur, rendent bien compte de l'anisotropie constatée de la mobilité des dislocations DSC.
Protein Kinase A Subunit Expression is Altered in Bloom Syndrome Fibroblasts and the BLM Protein is Increased in Adrenocortical Hyperplasias: Inverse Findings for BLM and PRKAR1A (2008)

Bloom syndrome is a genetic disorder associated with chromosomal instability and a predisposition to tumors that is caused by germline mutations of the BLM gene, a RecQ helicase. Benign adrenocortical tumors display a degree of chromosomal instability that is more significant than benign tumors of other tissues. Cortisol-producing hyperplasias, such as primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), which has been associated with protein kinase A (PKA) abnormalities and/or PRKAR1A mutations, also show genomic instability. Another RecQ helicase, WRN, directly interacts with the PRKAR1B subunit of PKA. In this study, we have investigated the PRKAR1A expression in primary human Bloom syndrome cell lines with known BLM mutations and examined the BLM gene expression in PPNAD and other adrenal tumor tissues. PRKAR1A and other protein kinase A (PKA) subunits were expressed in Bloom syndrome cells and their level of expression differed by subunit and cell type. Overall, fibroblasts exhibited a significant decrease in protein expression of all PKA subunits except for PRKAR1A, a pattern that has been associated with neoplastic transformation in several cell types. The BLM protein was upregulated in PPNAD and other hyperplasias, compared to samples from normal adrenals and normal cortex, as well as samples from cortisol- and aldosterone-producing adenomas (in which BLM was largely absent). These data reveal an inverse relationship between BLM and PRKAR1A: BLM deficiency is associated with a relative excess of PRKAR1A in fibroblasts compared to other PKA subunits; and PRKAR1A deficiency is associated with increased BLM protein in adrenal hyperplasias.
Liquid‐phase sintering of ZrO 2 ‐based nanocrystalline glass–ceramics achieved by multielement co‐doping (2022)

Abstract Liquid‐phase sintering (LPS) is an effective pathway to assist the densification of ceramics. However, it has seldom been used to densify glass–ceramics. In the present study, a multielement co‐doping strategy has been utilized to achieve LPS of a ZrO 2 –SiO 2 nanocrystalline glass–ceramic. Compared with undoped samples densified by solid‐state sintering, doping of equimolar Al, Y, and Ca promoted the densification of the glass–ceramic at lower temperatures with a faster densification rate. Ternary doping enhanced coarsening of ZrO 2 nanocrystallites during sintering and annealing. The distribution of dopants was carefully observed with X‐ray energy‐dispersive spectrometry technique in scanning electron transmission microscopy mode. Results showed that the three dopants showed different distribution behaviors. After sintering, Y dopants were predominately distributed in ZrO 2 nanocrystallites, whereas parts of Al and Ca dopants were distributed in ZrO 2 nanocrystallites and part of them co‐segregated at the ZrO 2 /SiO 2 heterointerfaces. Meanwhile, the segregation of Ca dopant at some intergranular films among ZrO 2 nanocrystallites was observed. Redistribution of dopants did not occur during annealing.
Studies of Mg-Substituted Li[sub 4−x]Mg[sub x]Ti[sub 5]O[sub 12] Spinel Electrodes (0≤x≤1) for Lithium Batteries (2001)

Magnesium-substituted spinel electrodes have been investigated as insertion electrodes for lithium batteries. The substitution of divalent Mg ions for monovalent Li ions in the structure necessitates that the difference in charge must be compensated by a reduction of an equivalent number of Ti cations from to The substitution increases the conductivity of the spinel framework by many orders of magnitude, from for insulating in which all the titanium ions are tetravalent, to for in which the average titanium oxidation state is 3.8. The improved conductivity decreases the area specific impedance of cells and increases the rate capability of electrodes for small x, typically The rechargeable capacity of electrodes, particularly those with x close to 1 (130 mAh/g), is inferior to that of unsubstituted electrodes 150 mAh/g); the smaller capacity is attributed to the partial occupation of tetrahedral (8a) sites by Mg ions in the spinel structure. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The Production-scale Squeeze Casting of Devitroceramic Fiber Reinforced Aluminum and its Mechanical Properties (1983)

This study was carried out to apply fiber reinforced metal to general-purpose machine parts, resulting in a successful large-scale production of machine parts made of devitroceramic fiber reinforced aluminum alloy by the use of the conventional die casting facility and in clarification of necessary production conditions. Mechanical tests were then performed for fiber reinforced metals themselves and hybrid composites, and it was made clear that their tensile strength at elevated temperatures, wear resistance and damping characteristics were better than those of matrix metals, suggesting the applicability of the composite materials to special-duty machine parts.
Neurophysiological Estimation of Interruptibility: Demonstrating Feasibility in a Field Context (2007)

Inappropriately timed interruptions from task-relevant electronic devices have been shown to have a negative impact on accuracy and efficiency in difficult task contexts. Research has also shown that these risks can be minimized by timing interruptions appropriately based on estimates of a user’s cognitive workload. The work reported here examines the potential for using body-worn electrophysiological sensors to assess cognitive workload in challenging field environments. Analysis of electroencephalogram (EEG) data gathered from a high fidelity military training exercise reveals that neurophysiological signals can provide the basis for accurate estimation of
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphorothioate, a stable analogue of inositol trisphosphate which mobilizes intracellular calcium (1989)

D-Ins(1,4,5)P3 is now recognized as an intracellular messenger that mediates the actions of many cell-surface receptors on intracellular Ca2+ pools, but its complex and rapid metabolism in intact cells has confused interpretation of its possible roles in oscillatory changes in intracellular [Ca2+] and in controlling Ca2+ entry at the plasma membrane. We now report the actions and metabolic stability of a synthetic analogue of Ins(1,4,5)P3, DL-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphorothioate [DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3]. In permeabilized hepatocytes, DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3 and synthetic DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3 stimulated Ca2+ release from the same intracellular stores, though the concentration required for half-maximal release was 3-fold higher for DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3. Since L-Ins(1,4,5)P3 neither antagonized the effects of D-Ins(1,4,5)P3 nor itself stimulated appreciable Ca2+ release, the activity of the racemic mixture of Ins(1,4,5)P3, and presumably also of Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3, is attributable to the D-isomer. Under conditions where there was negligible metabolism of D-[3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3, both DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3 and DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3 elicited rapid Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, and the stores remained empty during prolonged stimulation. When cells were incubated at high density, both compounds stimulated rapid Ca2+ release, but while the stores soon refilled as Ins(1,4,5)P3 was degraded to Ins(1,4)P2, there was no refilling of the pools after stimulation with DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3. When DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3 or DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3 was treated with a crude preparation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase and ATP, and the Ca2+-releasing activity of the products subsequently assayed, DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3 was completely inactivated by phosphorylation, but there was no loss of activity of the phosphorothioate analogue. In additional experiments, DL-Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3 (10 microM) did not affect the rate of phosphorylation of D-[3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 (1 microM). We conclude that Ins(1,4,5)P3[S]3 is a full agonist and only 3-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)P3 in mobilizing intracellular Ca2+ stores, but unlike the natural messenger it is resistant to both phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. We propose that this stable analogue will allow the direct actions of Ins(1,4,5)P3 to be resolved from those that require its metabolism.
Small Molecule Agonist of Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) Integrin Induces Progenitor Cell Adhesion (2013)

Activation of the integrin family of cell adhesion receptors on progenitor cells may be a viable approach to enhance the effects of stem cell-based therapies by improving cell retention and engraftment. Here, we describe the synthesis and characterization of the first small molecule agonist identified for the integrin α4β1 (also known as very late antigen-4 or VLA-4). The agonist, THI0019, was generated via two structural modifications to a previously identified α4β1 antagonist. THI0019 greatly enhanced the adhesion of cultured cell lines and primary progenitor cells to α4β1 ligands VCAM-1 and CS1 under both static and flow conditions. Furthermore, THI0019 facilitated the rolling and spreading of cells on VCAM-1 and the migration of cells toward SDF-1α. Molecular modeling predicted that the compound binds at the α/β subunit interface overlapping the ligand-binding site thus indicating that the compound must be displaced upon ligand binding. In support of this model, an analog of THI0019 modified to contain a photoreactive group was used to demonstrate that when cross-linked to the integrin, the compound behaves as an antagonist instead of an agonist. In addition, THI0019 showed cross-reactivity with the related integrin α4β7 as well as α5β1 and αLβ2. When cross-linked to αLβ2, the photoreactive analog of THI0019 remained an agonist, consistent with it binding at the α/β subunit interface and not at the ligand-binding site in the inserted ("I") domain of the αL subunit. Co-administering progenitor cells with a compound such as THI0019 may provide a mechanism for enhancing stem cell therapy.
Keynote address: Challenges and opportunities in electrical characterization and test for 14nm and below (2016)

When we analyze the scaling factors of the recent technology nodes, we come to the conclusion that the geometrical scaling scenario has been replaced by the electrical scaling and hence the electrical characterization of these really challenging technologies becomes an absolute must. However, the extremely small process windows, and the 3-dimensional nature of the FinFET devices and the complicated interconnect schemes, make this characterization very difficult. Systematic failure modes and their dependence on the layout patterns are extremely complex and almost impossible to detect in-line. Moreover, soft failures become much more prevalent due to process marginalities and present not only yield but also reliability hazards. Hence, the new fault models must be created that take into account layout patterns and layout-process interactions to allow for more efficient testing and reliability risk screening. This talk will present novel approaches to electrical characterization of the dominant failure modes, its impact on the test generation and execution, and the need for tracking this information all the way from the front end process to the test and assembly stages of IC manufacturing.