gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcription Activator-like Effector Nuclease (TALEN)-mediated Gene Correction in Integration-free β-Thalassemia Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2013)

β-Thalassemia (β-Thal) is a group of life-threatening blood disorders caused by either point mutations or deletions of nucleotides in β-globin gene (HBB). It is estimated that 4.5% of the population in the world carry β-Thal mutants (1), posing a persistent threat to public health. The generation of patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequent correction of the disease-causing mutations offer an ideal therapeutic solution to this problem. However, homologous recombination-based gene correction in human iPSCs remains largely inefficient. Here, we describe a robust process combining efficient generation of integration-free β-Thal iPSCs from the cells of patients and transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN)-based universal correction of HBB mutations in situ. We generated integration-free and gene-corrected iPSC lines from two patients carrying different types of homozygous mutations and showed that these iPSCs are pluripotent and have normal karyotype. We showed that the correction process did not generate TALEN-induced off targeting mutations by sequencing. More importantly, the gene-corrected β-Thal iPS cell lines from each patient can be induced to differentiate into hematopoietic progenitor cells and then further to erythroblasts expressing normal β-globin. Our studies provide an efficient and universal strategy to correct different types of β-globin mutations in β-Thal iPSCs for disease modeling and applications.
Mechanical characterization of glass frit bonded wafers (2012)

Wafer bonding is a key technology in the manufacturing of microelectronic and micromechanical systems on industrial scale. Especially glass frit bonding is often used for t he encapsulation of MEMS devices on wafer level. To ensure the reliability of these bonds and to prevent critical failure of the systems, characteristic mechanical properties of the bonded interface are required. The fracture toughness and the shear strength are suitable values to characterize the bonding strength and can be determined by micro chevron and shear testing. They depend on the bonding parameters as well as the test speed. Due to the correlation between measured bonding strength and test speed a maximum test speed has to be identified to obtain reliable failure criteria regarding the fracture toughness and the shear strength.
Thermal Stability of Two Fluid Layers Separated by a Solid Interlayer of Finite Thickness and Thermal Conductivity (1984)

Stability limits of two horizontal fluid layers separated by an interlayer of finite thermal conductivity are determined. The upper cooled surface and the lower heated surface are taken to be perfectly conducting. The stability limits are found to depend on the ratio of fluid layer thicknesses, the ratio of interlayer thickness to total fluid layer thickness, and the ratio of fluid thermal conductivity to interlayer thermal conductivity. Results are given for a range of values of each of the governing parameters.
Compressive time-of-flight 3D imaging using block-structured sensing matrices (2019)

Spatially and temporally highly resolved depth information enables numerous applications including human-machine interaction in gaming or safety functions in the automotive industry. In this paper, we address this issue using Time-of-flight (ToF) 3D cameras which are compact devices providing highly resolved depth information. Practical restrictions often require to reduce the amount of data to be read-out and transmitted. Using standard ToF cameras, this can only be achieved by lowering the spatial or temporal resolution. To overcome such a limitation, we propose a compressive ToF camera design using block-structured sensing matrices that allows to reduce the amount of data while keeping high spatial and temporal resolution. We propose the use of efficient reconstruction algorithms based on l^1-minimization and TV-regularization. The reconstruction methods are applied to data captured by a real ToF camera system and evaluated in terms of reconstruction quality and computational effort. For both, l^1-minimization and TV-regularization, we use a local as well as a global reconstruction strategy. For all considered instances, global TV-regularization turns out to clearly perform best in terms of evaluation metrics including the PSNR.
Enantioselective Michael Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated Imides Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Organocatalyst. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Prevalence and Health-Adjusted Life Expectancy Among Older Adults With Hypertension in Chinese Rural Areas (2022)

The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). Date of registration: 06 July, 2015. http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375.
MotionRugs: Visualizing Collective Trends in Space and Time (2018)

Understanding the movement patterns of collectives, such as flocks of birds or fish swarms, is an interesting open research question. The collectives are driven by mutual objectives or react to individual direction changes and external influence factors and stimuli. The challenge in visualizing collective movement data is to show space and time of hundreds of movements at the same time to enable the detection of spatiotemporal patterns. In this paper, we propose MotionRugs, a novel space efficient technique for visualizing moving groups of entities. Building upon established space-partitioning strategies, our approach reduces the spatial dimensions in each time step to a one-dimensional ordered representation of the individual entities. By design, MotionRugs provides an overlap-free, compact overview of the development of group movements over time and thus, enables analysts to visually identify and explore group-specific temporal patterns. We demonstrate the usefulness of our approach in the field of fish swarm analysis and report on initial feedback of domain experts from the field of collective behavior.
Hydrogen Ion Balance in Dialysis Therapy (1982)

A model to describe hydrogen ion balance (H+B) in acetate and bicarbonate dialysis therapy was developed based on measurement of metabolic addition of hydrogen ion (H+) to the body between and during dialyses and measurement of net buffer repletion during dialysis. Metabolic H+ generation was shown to be equal to 0.77 times the protein catabolic rate plus the total net removal of lactate and beta-hydroxybutyrate ions during dialysis. Buffer repletion was calculated from total net flux of acetate and bicarbonate during dialysis. The model was used for eight paired studies of H+B on one week each of acetate and bicarbonate dialysis and showed that cumulative H+B with acetate was -7 +/- 28 (M +/- SEM) mmol/week compared to -175 +/- 45 mmol/week with bicarbonate (P less than 0.001). It is concluded that there is an initial, strongly negative H+B when patients on acetate dialysis are converted to bicarbonate. The possible physiologic significance of this is discussed.
<title>Switchable-focus lenses in holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal</title> (1996)

Fine-grained polymer dispersed liquid crystals have recently become available for electrically switchable holographic elements. We explore applications of this novel material to switchable focus diffractive lenses. Several fabrication approaches, holographic and non-holographic, are demonstrated and compared with respect to design flexibility, diffraction efficiency, switching dynamic range, and optical quality. It appears possible to shift optical power between widely separated focal points with a modulation ratio 100:1 on a 10 - 50 microsecond(s) time scale.
Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3D Printing in Organic Synthesis (2017)

Abstract The manufacturing of a three‐dimensional product from a computer‐driven digital model (3D printing) has found extensive applications in several fields. Additive manufacturing technologies offer the possibility to fabricate ad hoc tailored products on demand, at affordable prices, and have been employed to make customized and complex items for actual sale. However, despite the great progress and the countless opportunities offered by the 3D printing technology, surprisingly a relatively limited number of applications have been documented in organic chemistry. This Minireview will focus specifically on the exploitation of additive manufacturing technologies in the synthesis of organic compounds, and, in particular, on the use of 3D‐printed catalysts and 3D printed reactors, and on the fabrication and use of 3D printed flow reactors.
Engraftment of human synovium into severe combined immune deficient mice. Migration of human peripheral blood T cells to engrafted human synovium and to mouse lymph nodes. (1993)

Abstract To determine the feasibility of using the C.B-17 scid/scid (severe combined immune deficient, SCID) mouse as a recipient of human synovial xenografts, we have engrafted human synovium under the renal capsule of SCID mice, and determined synovial graft survival and histologic characteristics 4 to 7 wk after tissue implantation. Both normal and inflammatory synovial tissue grew well in SCID mice and maintained histologic and phenotypic components of the fresh synovial tissue before implantation. However, the number of T cells in synovial grafts decreased after implantation. To determine whether leukocytes could migrate to human synovial xenografts, either allogenic or autologous PBMC were injected in the peritoneum of SCID mice bearing synovial xenografts. We found that 7 days after i.p. injection of autologous or allogeneic PBMC, injected T cells had selectively migrated to human synovial grafts and to SCID mouse lymph nodes. Our data demonstrate that normal and inflammatory human synovial tissues will grow in SCID mice and serve as recipients for autologous and allogenic peripheral blood human T cells injected i.p. into engrafted mice.
Equilibrium and perturbed fluxes and turbulence levels in a tokamak: Implications for models (1992)

Modulation of the gas feed to a tokamak induces a density modulation and also a temperature modulation. Although the density change is fractionally small and the response is linear, the perturbed particle flux can exceed the equilibrium flux. The particle flux \ensuremath{\Gamma} thus cannot be a simple homogeneous function of \ensuremath{\nabla}n. The ratio of thermal to particle flux is quite different for the equilibrium and perturbations, precluding a simple linkage of particle and thermal transport. The modulation of the amplitude of density turbulence does not correlate with any of the modulated fluxes.
Google Scanned Objects: A High-Quality Dataset of 3D Scanned Household Items (2022)

Interactive 3D simulations have enabled break-throughs in robotics and computer vision, but simulating the broad diversity of environments needed for deep learning requires large corpora of photo-realistic 3D object models. To address this need, we present Google Scanned Objects, an open-source collection of over one thousand 3D-scanned household items released under a Creative Commons license; these models are preprocessed for use in Ignition Gazebo and the Bullet simulation platforms, but are easily adaptable to other simulators. We describe our object scanning and curation pipeline, then provide statistics about the contents of the dataset and its usage. We hope that the diversity, quality, and flexibility of Google Scanned Objects will lead to advances in interactive simulation, synthetic perception, and robotic learning.
Speech Recognition and Sensory Integration A 240-year-old theorem helps explain how people and machines can integrate auditory and visual information to understand speech (2016)

matter, how do we bring together infor mation sources within a single modality, such as the visual perception of surface texture and of color? What strategies have evolved in the human brain to solve this sensory integration problem, what can we learn from studying this solution, and how can we apply such lessons to designing and programming machines that categorize from perceptual input? One of us (Massaro) has worked for many years on understanding how people integrate information in speech perception, especially when lipreading is a source of information; the other (Stork) has been building lipreading machines that can decode speech. In such machines, the designer must specify the method for integrat ing visual and acoustic information.
Sound, Mixtures, and Learning (2002)

Introduction to auditory scene analysis and its computational modeling, to speech recognition in noisy backgrounds, then some ideas about how to analyze general sound mixtures with the same techniques, and where to employ the machine learning ideas.
Surface control of drug-eluting stents by ultrasonic nanocoating of multilayered biodegradable polymers (2011)

Biodegradable polymers were coated on a stent-type stainless steel (SS) spring using an ultrasonic nanocoater. Paclitaxel (PTX)-loaded PLGA/PLLA multilayers were uniformly coated on the SS spring and the thickness was around 15 µm. Release profiles of PTX showed that the release was fast and higher in low concentration (5%) while there was no significant difference between 10% and 20% PTX. The surface morphology of PTX-loaded PLGA/PLLA multilayer coated SS springs was considerably rougher after drug release test due to the degradation of coating layers.
Surgical Mask Particle Filtration Efficiency (PFE) (2020)

The particle filtration efficiency (PFE) of surgical (procedure) masks is a key differentiator of its classification and therefore, its use by healthcare workers. &#x0D; Surgical masks are regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The FDA Guidance document has adopted a number of ASTM standards for establishing the criteria for the classification of masks. &#x0D; ASTM F2299 is recommended for the measurement of PFE with minor modifications.&#x0D; Both ASTM F2299 and the FDA Guidance Document fail however to establish standard test procedures and therefore, it is possible to attain diverging results. This creates a major problem in one’s ability to be able to relate the measured performance across different masks on the market. &#x0D; In this paper, we outline the deficiencies of these test methods and discuss the challenges that need to be addressed by FDA and other regulatory agencies.
The effect of scatter on quantitation in positron volume imaging of the thorax (2002)

In positron volume imaging (PVI) a high percentage of detected coincidences are scatter events. The authors performed a series of phantom and simulation studies of scatter contamination in thorax imaging. Scatter fractions of 50 to 70% were measured for a torso phantom in a General Electric Advance positron emission tomograph with the septa retracted. The authors also measured scatter contribution from outside the field-of-view (FOV) using a small cylindrical source (1 cm long, 0.5 cm diameter) at various axial and transaxial positions in a solid Lucite cylinder (43 cm long, 20 cm diameter). A source 9 cm outside the FOV contributed approximately 30% the scatter that the same source would contribute if placed near the center of the FOV. To isolate the effect of scatter from outside the FOV in realistic imaging situations the authors performed Monte Carlo simulations of PVI for heart studies. Organs outside the FOV can contribute significantly to detected scatter. For instance, with equal activity concentrations the liver and heart contributions to scatter were virtually identical even though 90% of the liver was outside the FOV.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Thrombosed arteriovenous malformations (1988)

Thrombosed arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the predominant type of occult vascular malformation and do not seem to differ significantly in clinical or radiographic presentation from other types of occult vascular malformations. Thrombosed AVMs and occult vascular malformations occasionally present with symptoms secondary to subacute or occult hemorrhage that requires operation. The histopathology of thrombosed AVMs and occult vascular malformations does not seem to have prognostic significance. Five patients with histologically verified thrombosed AVMs are reported. Two patients had previous incomplete resection of histologically proven thrombosed AVMs and presented with recurrence and bleeding. Two patients presented with seizures and headaches, and one patient presented with hemiparesis and headache. All histology specimens had evidence of hemorrhage. The pathological findings of these lesions seem variable; two specimens contained a mixture of cavernous angioma and AVM. Two previously resected lesions had been defined histologically as thrombosed AVMs. Successful excision of the lesions was accomplished in four patients, and one patient had stereotactic biopsy. The magnetic resonance imaging characteristics of lesions seem to add a degree of specificity over computed tomography and angiography. We have found that the literature poorly describes the natural history and histology of these lesions. Conservative management for seizures and headaches due to thrombosed AVMs may not be warranted because of a propensity for hemorrhage and recurrence. (Neurosurgery 23:605-610, 1988)
Joint analysis of the full AzTEC Sub-Millimeter Galaxy Data Set (2007)

Using the new AzTEC millimeter-wave camera on the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) in winter 2005/06, we conducted several surveys of the submm galaxy (SMG) population. The AzTEC 1.1 millimeter surveys include both blank-fields (no significant bias or foreground contamination) and regions of known over-densities, and are both large (100-1000 sq. arcmin.) and sensitive ( 1 mJy rms). The unique power of the AzTEC data set lies not only in the size and depth of the individual fields, but in the combined surveyed area that totals over 1 square degree. Hundreds of new sub-millimeter sources have been detected. A joint analysis of all AzTEC surveys will provide important new constraints on many characteristics of the SMG population, including number counts, clustering, and variance. In particular, the large area of the full AzTEC data set provides the first significant measurement of the brightest and most rare of the SMG population. Herein we present the initial combined results and explore the future potential of a complete joint analysis of the full AzTEC SMG data set.
94-GHz Band High-Gain and Low-Noise Amplifier Using InP-HEMTs for Passive Millimeter Wave Imager (2007)

This paper describes 94-GHz band low-noise and high-gain amplifier MMICs using InP HEMTs, which have been developed for passive millimeter-wave (PMMW) imaging. To achieve a high gain with low noise performance, we propose a new stabilizing technique for the amplifier. The measured noise figure was 3.2 dB and the gain was 33 dB. In addition, we developed a PMMW imager using this amplifier. We also demonstrated an example of a millimeter-wave image acquired by the PMMW imager.
Laminin-5 coating enhances epithelial cell attachment, spreading, and hemidesmosome assembly on Ti-6Al-4V implant materialin vitro (1998)

Enhancement of epithelial cell attachment to laminin-5-coated titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implant material was evaluated in vitro. Protein analysis showed that Ti-6Al-4V has a high affinity for laminin-5 and adsorbed significantly more laminin-5 than laminin-1. DNA analysis showed that laminin-5 enhanced attachment of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEK) to Ti-6Al-4V significantly more than did laminin-1 or uncoated controls. The effect of passivation on laminin-5 adsorption and activity on Ti-6Al-4V also was evaluated. Passivation had no significant effect on the amount of protein adsorbed; however, AFM, ESCA, and ToF-SIMS analyses suggested that passivation affects the conformation of adsorbed laminin-5. Although laminin-5 coating significantly enhanced rapid attachment of epithelial cells to both passivated and unpassivated Ti-6Al-4V, surface area measurements showed that cells spread on laminin-5-coated passivated Ti-6Al-4V covered a significantly larger surface area than cells spread on laminin-5-coated unpassivated samples. TEM analysis showed that cells formed significantly more hemidesmosomes on the surface of laminin-5 coated passivated than on the surface of laminin-5 coated unpassivated titanium alloy. The enhancement of rapid cell attachment, spreading, and hemidesmosome assembly on laminin-5-coated passivated samples may reflect better integration between epithelial cells and titanium alloy and thus may be predictive of long-term implant stability.
Psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities in Wilson's disease. (1995)

From the literature and our experience, a relatively consistent picture of psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities in Wilson's disease emerges. The essential elements of this picture are as follows: 1. Psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities are frequent manifestations of WD. The estimates range from 30% (18) to 100% (2) of symptomatic patients. As Wilson himself was the first to state in reference to "mental change," "its importance should not be underestimated." 2. Psychiatric and behavioral abnormalities are often the initial manifestations of WD. Two thirds of our patients first presented with psychiatric symptoms and one third received psychiatric treatment before the diagnosis of WD was made. In the early stages of the disease, when psychiatric and behavioral symptoms predominate, the diagnosis is often missed. Of our 124 patients, WD was diagnosed in only one during this phase. Until the psychiatric presentation of WD is recognized, and the disease is included in the differential diagnosis of psychiatric symptoms, its diagnosis will be missed or delayed. In our patients, and others' (13,15), the delay in diagnosis ranged from 1 to 5 years. Such a delay is particularly tragic as favorable outcome depends upon early discovery. 3. The most common of the psychiatric and behavioral manifestations of WD include: personality changes such as irritability and low threshold to anger, depression sometimes leading to suicidal ideation and attempts, deteriorating academic and work performance that is present in almost all neurologically affected patients. We (1) have also observed, as did Scheinberg and Sternlieb (2) that WD patients exhibit increased sexual preoccupation and reduced sexual inhibition. Finally, cognitive impairment, psychosis, anxiety, and other psychiatric disorders, although less frequent, also occur. 4. Some of the psychiatric and behavioral symptoms are reversible with WD-specific therapy, whereas others are not. We are impressed with the frequency with which the behavioral and "cognitive" symptoms are reversed over 1 to 2 years of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Development of New Protecting/Leaving Groups and Application to the Synthesis of Cage Nitramines (1993)

In the course of this study, we have accomplished the synthesis of a new, stable class of dinitramide salts that will have both fundamental scientific interest and practical applications. We have also developed a new type of condensation reaction for the synthesis of cage compounds and prepared new clathrates of CL-20 with significantly more energy than pure CL-20. The dinitramide salts are based on a newly discovered inorganic anion known as the dinitramide anion, N(NO2)(-) sub 2. The dinitramide anion is a uniquely stable, high oxygen density grouping that can be prepared in many different combinations, including the ammonium salts.