gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Static verification based signoff - A key enabler for managing verification complexity in the modern soc (2013)

Summary form only given. Application-based verification, i.e., partitioning the verification process by verification concerns, has become an important approach for managing verification complexity in the billion-transistor SoC. This new verification paradigm has truly come into focus with the proliferation of layers of complexity in an SoC beyond the baseline complexity of its constituent components. In a sense, the nature of chip complexity has shifted from how much goes into a chip to what goes into a chip. Given a narrow verification concern like clock-domain verification, power, dft, reset analysis etc, the specification, analysis and debug dimensions of the verification problem become meaningfully solvable. This is a new paradigm in a sense because it focuses technologists toward the development of complete solutions and closure for the problem at hand as a whole rather than on just nuts-and-bolts technologies like simulation and ABV. Static formal analysis is able to play a key role in this paradigm for various reasons. With the narrow focus on a specific verification problem, much of the specification becomes precise and implicit. In addition, the limited scope allows the formal analysis to be controlled and nominally tractable. Further, even when the formal analysis remains bounded, it is still possible to return actionable information to the user. Finally, debug becomes much more precise and actionable in the context of the narrow verification concern being addressed. These aspects all come to fore in the verification of clock domain crossings in the modern SoC. Used to be that a chip would have a handful of clock domains and the clock-domain checking could be done manually. With 100s of clocks domains on chip, that luxury is not available any more. No SoC gets taped out today without a dedicated sign-off of clock-domain crossings using verification tools specialized for this problem. Another reason clock-domain verification is good to highlight as an example of the new paradigm is that it is at the intersection of chip functionality and timing. This verification task cannot be completed by just functional simulation or just by static timing analysis. It needs a specialized solution, with static formal analysis at its core, to do justice to it.
Acoustic investigation of a vorticity filament using time-reversal mirrors (1999)

A new experiment of a filamentary vortex in water characterized by ultrasound is presented. The flow is generated by two corotating discs in an infinite medium, and suction can be applied at the center of the discs. Acoustic time reversal mirrors [see Roux et al., ASA Proc. 1433 (1998)] provide dynamical, nonintrusive, and global measurements of the vortex characteristics. Three different regimes are observed depending on the control parameters (distance between the discs, rotation frequency of the discs, and suction flow rate): (1) a regime of stable, stationary vortex where the velocity profile is compared to the Burgers model and scaling laws are investigated when varying the control parameters, (2) a regime of intermittency with cycles of vortex breakdowns, and (3) a domain where the vortex never shows up.
System modeling of the mutual coupling of multiple UWB antennas (2010)

Cognitive radio has been attracting significant interest and has the potential of shaping the future of wireless communication systems. Since the concept of cognitive radio is still at the stage of being developed, there is no consensus on what kind of wireless technologies to employ for realizing it. There are a number of requirements a wireless system has to satisfy in order to be considered as a suitable candidate for cognitive radio. These requirements include no spurious interference to licensed systems, adjustable pulse shape, bandwidth, and transmitted power, supporting various throughputs, providing adaptive multiple access, and ensuring the security of information. Ultra Wideband (UWB) seems to be one of the potential candidates because it has an inherent potential to fulfill some of the key cognitive radio requirements. However, it is not claimed that a cognitive wireless system with only the UWB capability can handle all the requirements of the ideal cognitive radio. Advances in reconfigurability RF front-ends, particularly reconfigurable multiple antennas afford a new “hardware” dimension for optimizing the performance of wireless communication systems. In particular, the association of Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) systems, which exploit rich scattering environments by the use of multiple antennas, with UWB technology is more and more studied and seems to be a very promising approach for enhancing capacity, increasing range, raising link reliability and improving interference cancellation [1]. In the promising theoretical studies, the signals transmitted by multiple antenna elements are generally supposed to be independent or uncorrelated. But in reality, the current induced on one antenna produces a voltage at the terminals of nearby elements, termed as mutual coupling [2]. A strong mutual coupling degrades the antenna system efficiency where diversity performance is required.
Group IV functionalization of low index waveguides (2014)

Low fabrication error sensitivity, integration density, channel scalability, low switching energy and low insertion loss are the major prerequisites for future on-chip WDM systems and interfacing with optical fibres. A number of device geometries have already been demonstrated that fulfil these criteria, at least in part, but combining all of the requirements is still a difficult challenge.<br/>Two contenders that could fulfil these criteria are the low loss nitride waveguiding platform and the high index group IV compounds for active photonic devices. Silicon Oxynitride (SiON) and Silicon Nitride (SiN) based waveguides are extremely powerful and central to today’s optical communications networks. The intermediate refractive index provides low footprint devices but eases the fabrication demands that can result in phase errors and repeatability problems in the all silicon approach. This enables multiplexers and demultiplexers with very low crosstalk and insertion loss and extremely low loss long range waveguides, making them very attractive for the optical backplanes and rack to rack links inside supercomputers and data centers. Group IV Photonics GeSi has a number of attractive optical characteristics for modulation, absorption and detection in a small volume area enabling low power and high density integration.<br/>Here, we propose and demonstrate a novel architecture consisting of the interfacing of a range of deposition method using low temperature PECVD and HWCVD nitride waveguides, Photonic crystal modulators [1] but also detectors [2] connected by a silicon nitride bus waveguide. The architecture features very high scalability due to the small size of the devices (~100 micrometre square) and the modulators operate with an AC energy consumption of less than 1fJ/bit.
Statistical methods for quantitative mass spectrometry proteomic experiments with labeling (2012)

Mass Spectrometry utilizing labeling allows multiple specimens to be subjected to mass spectrometry simultaneously. As a result, between-experiment variability is reduced. Here we describe use of fundamental concepts of statistical experimental design in the labeling framework in order to minimize variability and avoid biases. We demonstrate how to export data in the format that is most efficient for statistical analysis. We demonstrate how to assess the need for normalization, perform normalization, and check whether it worked. We describe how to build a model explaining the observed values and test for differential protein abundance along with descriptive statistics and measures of reliability of the findings. Concepts are illustrated through the use of three case studies utilizing the iTRAQ 4-plex labeling protocol.
Proteomic comparison between abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms (2014)

The pathogenesis of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs) and that of thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAAs) is distinct. In this study, to reveal the differences in their biochemical properties, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis of AAAs and TAAs compared with adjacent normal aorta (NA) tissues. The proteomic analysis revealed 176 non-redundant differentially expressed proteins in the AAAs and 189 proteins in the TAAs which were common in at least 5 samples within 7 samples of each. Among the identified proteins, 55 and 68 proteins were unique to the AAAs and TAAs, respectively, whereas 121 proteins were identified in both the AAAs and TAAs. Panther overrepresentation analysis of the unique proteins in the AAAs and TAAs revealed a significant downregulation of the blood coagulation pathway in the AAAs and that of the integrin signaling pathway in the TAAs. On the other hand, Genesis analysis revealed distinct expression patterns of 58 proteins among the 121 proteins. Panther overrepresentation analysis of these 58 proteins revealed that the expression of these proteins in the blood coagulation and the plasminogen activating cascade was decreased in the AAAs, whereas it was increased in the TAAs compared with the NA tissues. On the other hand, the protein expression in the integrin signaling pathway was increased in the AAAs, whereas it was decreased in the TAAs compared with the NA tissues. Thus, the data presented in this study indicate that the proteins that show differential expression patterns in AAAs and TAAs may be involved in the distinct pathogenesis of AAAs and TAAs.
Design and conduct of Xtreme Everest 2: An observational cohort study of Sherpa and lowlander responses to graduated hypobaric hypoxia (2015)

This programme of study (Xtreme Everest 2) will provide a rich dataset relating to human adaptation to hypoxia, and the responses seen on re-exposure to normoxia. It is the largest comprehensive high altitude study of Sherpas yet performed. Translational data generated from this study will be of relevance to diseases in which oxygenation is a major factor.
Sensing for monitoring of the laser-GMAW hybrid welding process (2004)

Laser-GMAW hybrid welding is an increasingly accepted technology for a variety of commercial applications, from industries as diverse as shipbuilding to automobile manufacture. As applications become more widespread, there will be a growing need to cost-effectively monitor the process in order to ensure consistent high quality. To address this growing need, a suite of sensors were used to monitor the laser-GMAW hybrid welding process, while intentionally introducing a variety of process perturbations. Process outputs that were monitored include the GMAW voltage and current, as well as the arc-plasma electromagnetic emissions in both the ultraviolet and infrared regions. Intentionally induced process perturbations included fluctuations in GMAW voltage and wire speed, laser angle of incidence, and laser/GMAW separation distance. The sensor data were collected, analyzed, and correlated with macroscopic evaluations of the weld bead geometry and heat-affected-zone. The data reveal a strong correlation between process variation and sensor readings, suggesting a quality control scheme for laser-GMAW hybrid welding that could rely on relatively inexpensive sensors.
Surface Engineering of Porous Silicon Microparticles for Intravitreal Sustained Delivery of Rapamycin (2015)

Porous silicon-based rapamycin delivery system using the pSiO2-C8 formulation demonstrated good ocular compatibility and may provide sustained drug release for retina.
Effects of epinephrine and vasopressin in a piglet model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation* (2002)

In this pediatric porcine model of ventricular fibrillation, the combination of epinephrine with vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation resulted in significantly higher levels of left ventricular myocardial blood flow than either vasopressin alone or epinephrine alone. Both vasopressin alone and the combination of epinephrine with vasopressin, but not epinephrine alone, improved total cerebral blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. In stark contrast to asphyxial cardiac arrest, vasopressin alone or in combination with epinephrine appears to be of benefit after ventricular fibrillation in the pediatric porcine model.
Capabilities of a Toroid-Amplifier System for Magnetic Measurement of Current in Biological Tissue (1986)

Bioelectric current in one-dimensional tissues can be measured by using a room temperature amplifier and a wire-wound, ferrite-core toroid to detect the associated biomagnetic field. In this paper, the capabilities of such a toroid-amplifier system are discussed, with emphasis placed on the signal-to-noise ratio and the spatial resolution of the toroid. Use of this system for measuring current is studied in detail for cardiac and skeletal muscle, and myelinated and nonmyelinated nerve axons. Finally, factors affecting the sensitivity of openable toroids are considered.
Tunable Ultrahigh Dielectric Constant (tuHDC) Ceramic Technique to Largely Improve RF Coil Efficiency and MR Imaging Performance (2020)

This work introduces an innovative magnetic resonance (MR) imaging technology that incorporates radiofrequency (RF) coil(s) with permittivity-tunable ultrahigh dielectric constant (tuHDC) ceramics to significantly improve RF coil transmission and reception efficiencies, MR imaging sensitivity and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The tuHDC ceramics made of composite barium strontium titanate (BST) compounds (Ba<sub>0.6</sub> Sr<sub>0.4</sub> TiO<sub>3</sub>) have low dielectric loss and very high permittivity tunability from 2,000 to 15000 by varying the ceramic temperature between 0°C and 40°C to achieve an optimal permittivity for MR imaging application. We demonstrated for the first time the proof of concept using the BST-based tuHDC-RF-coil technology to improve MR spectroscopic imaging performance of <sup>17</sup>O nuclide at 10.5 Tesla (T) at a low ceramic temperature and <sup>23</sup>Na nuclide at 7T at room temperature. We discovered a large and spatially independent noise reduction under an optimal ceramic temperature, which synergistically resulted in an unprecedented SNR improvement. Large improvements were also demonstrated for <sup>1</sup>H MRI on a 1.5T clinical scanner using the same ceramics. The tuHDC-RF-coil technology is robust, flexible and cost-effective; it presents a technical breakthrough to significantly improve imaging sensitivity and resolution for broad MR imaging applications; which is critical for advancing biomedical and neuroscience research, and improving diagnostic imaging.
Experimental investigations of ion current in liquid-fuelled gas turbine combustors (2017)

This work covers investigations of the static and dynamic behaviour of a confined, co-swirled and liquid-fuelled airblast injection system. The focus lies on the application of ion current sensors for the qualitative measurement of the heat release rate or for flame monitoring purposes in complex technical combustion processes. The ion current sensor is to operate in a feedback control loop in order to react on combustion dynamics in real time. The first part of the work analyses experimental data, which were obtained with different techniques, e.g. dynamic pressure, chemiluminescence, fine-wire thermocouples and ion current. The results show that the thermo-acoustic instability and the precessing vortex core generate an interaction mode. The frequency of this interaction mode is the difference of the other two modes. This has not yet been observed for partially premixed and liquid-fuelled injection systems before and also was not detected by the chemiluminescence of the flame. The ion current measurement technique is able to detect the helical mode of the precessing vortex core as well as the interaction frequency, leading to the conclusion that the chemical reactions are influenced by this helical structure. Contour maps of the frequencies reveal this influence in the outer shear layer. The second part of the study focused on the ion current probe as a method to predict static combustion instabilities, such as lean blowout. According to the results, the ion current is a fast responding method to detect lean blowout, provided that the detector is mounted at a suitable position. Measurements at different positions in the flame were compared with phase-locked chemiluminescence measurements. Precursors in the ion current signal for lean-blowout prediction were found using a statistical approach, which is based on ion peak distance. The precursor events allow for the use of this approach with a feedback control loop in future applications.
Erythroid response to lenalidomide (LEN) + recombinant erythropoietin (EPO) and endogenous serum EPO concentration in MDS cytokine-failures (2008)

7031 Background: LEN promotes erythropoiesis in a subset of lower risk MDS pts who fail EPO treatment (tx) [N Eng J Med 2005;352:549]. We reported that LEN acts to relieve suppression of the EPO-R signal in non-del(5q) MDS progenitors. We hypothesized that erythroid response (HI-E) to LEN is influenced by endogenous EPO level and can be augmented by combined tx (CT) with EPO in pts with low serum EPO (sEPO) concentration. To evaluate the potential benefit of CT, the effect of sEPO level, and the effects of LEN pharmacokinetics (PK) on cytopenias, we performed a two-stage PK and efficacy study. Methods: Eligible pts had transfusion-dependent (TD), Low/Int-1 IPSS MDS who failed prior treatment with EPO. In the 1st stage pts received LEN monotherapy (MT) at 10mg/d [n=25] or 15mg/d [n=15]. Single dose [n=12] and steady state [n=24] PK were evaluated on days -7 and +14 at the 10mg LEN dose. After 16 wks of MT, erythroid non-responders (NR) and minor (MiE) responders (IWG 2000) were offered CT with epoetin alpha 40,000U/wk for 8 wks. Results: Among 39 pts, median age is 72 years; 7 pts had del(5q). HI-E response to LEN-MT was 36% (n=14) [10mg, 36%; 15mg, 36%] with 13 major (Ma) [del(5q), n=6] and 1 MiE. 18 pts received CT at wk16 with 5(28%) HI-E (3Ma, 2MiE) [10mg, 10%; 15 mg, 50%]. Mean baseline sEPO was higher in HI-E responders vs. NR to LEN-MT [1177 vs.530 mU/ml], whereas in CT responders, mean wk 16 sEPO was lower [339 vs. 1116 mU/ml]. Similarly, HI-E response rate to CT was higher in pts with sEPO <500 mU/ml (4/12, 33% vs. 1/6, 17%). LEN AUC was higher in pts with reduced creatinine clearance (30–49 mL/min, n=2: 955+49; vs. >50 mL/min, n=22: 558±166). There was no difference in AUC or Cmax by magnitude of change in ANC or platelet count in the first month of tx. However, mean AUC inversely correlated with time to >50% reduction in platelet count (ANOVA, P = 0.04). Conclusions: These data suggest that HI-E response to LEN in TD-cytokine failures is sEPO-dependent, yielding a higher response rate to LEN-MT in pts with appropriate sEPO elevation, whereas addition of EPO may improve response in pts with low EPO production. The benefit of CT with LEN+EPO will be investigated in a phase III intergroup study (E2905) in pts who failed primary EPO tx or have a poor cytokine response profile. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Celgene Celgene, Pharmion Celgene Pharmion
Inhibition of HSP27 blocks fibrosis development and EMT features by promoting Snail degradation (2013)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a devastating disease characterized by myofibroblast proliferation. Transition of epithelial/mesothelial cells into myofibroblasts [epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT)] occurs under the influence of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1, with Snail being a major transcription factor. We study here the role of the heat-shock protein HSP27 in fibrogenesis and EMT. In vitro, we have up- and down-modulated HSP27 expression in mesothelial and epithelial cell lines and studied the expression of different EMT markers induced by TGF-β1. In vivo, we inhibited HSP27 with the antisense oligonucleotide OGX-427 (in phase II clinical trials as anticancer agent) in our rat subpleural/pulmonary fibrosis models. We demonstrate that HSP27 is strongly expressed during the fibrotic process in patients with IPF and in different in vivo models. We showed that HSP27 binds to and stabilizes Snail and consequently induces EMT. Conversely, HSP27 knockdown leads to Snail proteasomal degradation, thus inhibiting TGF-β1-induced EMT. Inhibition of HSP27 with OGX-427 efficiently blocks EMT and fibrosis development. Controls in vivo were an empty adenovirus that did not induce fibrosis and a control antisense oligonucleotide. The present work opens the possibility of a new therapeutic use for HSP27 inhibitors against IPF, for which there is no conclusively effective treatment.
P‐83: Grey Scale Control of TIR Using Electrophoresis of Sub‐Optical Pigment Particles (2002)

Abstract Recently, a reflective display technique was introduced, in which total internal reflection is selectively frustrated through electrophoresis of pigment particles. Grey‐scale control of such reflection has now been achieved, using suspensions of sub‐optical, non‐scattering particles to modulate the real and imaginary component of the effective refractive index near the interface where the reflection occurs.
Novel Associative Copolymer with Favorable Properties in Polymer Flooding Applications (2011)

New thickeners based on associative properties are discussed. The new thickeners are anionic, water-soluble copolymers with pendant associative groups. These associative groups are based on a novel, patented chemistry. The viscosity of the new copolymer
Bayesradar : Bayesian Metric-Kalman Filter Learning for Improved and Reliable Radar Target Classification (2021)

Automotive radar sensors offer a promising and effective modality for perception and assessment of the surrounding environment. A key element of environment sensing in automotive radars is the reliable detection, classification and tracking of vulnerable road users such as pedestrians and cyclists. In this paper, we propose an integrated Bayesian framework dubbed BayesRadar, which improves the overall classification accuracy by tracking the embedding vector of a neural network and its prediction uncertainty via recursive Kalman filtering over time. Apart from the classification accuracy of a model, a critical measure includes the analysis of statistical confidence over the target class score. Such measures for predicting the true correctness likelihood of the classification estimates are essential in safety-critical automotive applications. Therefore, in this paper, we present and evaluate the classification, embedding cluster score and statistical confidence performance of the proposed framework in the context of classifying vulnerable road users compared to state-of-art deep learning approaches. Furthermore, we demonstrate superior performance of the BayesRadar for unseen classes compared to long short-term memory based temporal tracking of the embedding vectors.
The magnetic field structure in a modular stellarator (1986)

The numerically predicted magnetic surface structure within the separatrix of the interchangeable module stellarator (IMS) [IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-9, 212 (1981)] has been measured experimentally with the use of an electron beam. The results show nested, well-formed surfaces with a rotational transform profile corresponding to the predicted profile. In the area outside the separatrix, regions of localized magnetic flux emergence from the coil volume (modular divertors) have been seen using an electron beam as well as during plasma operation, and correspond to regions of localized particle flux emergence from between the modular coils.