gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hypothalamus-habenula circuit controls aversion (2019)

Encoding and predicting aversive events are critical functions of circuits that support survival and emotional well-being. Maladaptive circuit changes in emotional valence processing can underlie the pathophysiology of affective disorders. The lateral habenula (LHb) has been linked to aversion and mood regulation through modulation of the dopamine and serotonin systems. We have defined the identity and function of glutamatergic (Vglut2) control of the LHb, comparing the role of inputs originating in the globus pallidus internal segment (GPi), and lateral hypothalamic area (LHA), respectively. We found that LHb-projecting LHA neurons, and not the proposed GABA/glutamate co-releasing GPi neurons, are responsible for encoding negative value. Monosynaptic rabies tracing of the presynaptic organization revealed a predominantly limbic input onto LHA Vglut2 neurons, while sensorimotor inputs were more prominent onto GABA/glutamate co-releasing GPi neurons. We further recorded the activity of LHA Vglut2 neurons, by imaging calcium dynamics in response to appetitive versus aversive events in conditioning paradigms. LHA Vglut2 neurons formed activity clusters representing distinct reward or aversion signals, including a population that responded to mild foot shocks and predicted aversive events. We found that the LHb-projecting LHA Vglut2 neurons encode negative valence and rapidly develop a prediction signal for negative events. These findings establish the glutamatergic LHA-LHb circuit as a critical node in value processing.
Dosimetric evaluation of synthetic CT for magnetic resonance-only based radiotherapy planning of lung cancer (2017)

The synCT generated from Dixon-based MRI allows for dose calculation of comparable accuracy to the standard CT for lung cancer treatment planning. The dosimetric agreement between synCT and CT calculated doses warrants further development of a MR-only workflow for radiotherapy of lung cancer.
Clinical Reasoning: A 22-year-old man with diplopia (2017)

A 22-year-old previously healthy man presented to an ophthalmology clinic with binocular horizontal diplopia. He had recently traveled to the main island of Hawaii. About 2 weeks after returning home, he developed a severe headache with associated fever, emesis, photophobia, phonophobia, and neck stiffness. He also reported a sensation of pressure in his left eye and both ears but denied any pulsatile tinnitus or transient vision loss. Over the next 2 weeks, his headaches worsened, causing him to wake up frequently in the night. He then developed horizontal diplopia that was worse at a distance and was referred to the neuro-ophthalmology clinic.
ChemInform Abstract: Doping the Fullerenes (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Analysis of the Rigid Motion of a Developable Conical Mechanism (2020)

Abstract We demonstrate analytically that it is possible to construct a developable mechanism on a cone that has rigid motion. We solve for the paths of rigid motion and analyze the properties of this motion. In particular, we provide an analytical method for predicting the behavior of the mechanism with respect to the conical surface. Moreover, we observe that the conical developable mechanisms specified in this paper have motion paths that necessarily contain bifurcation points which lead to an unbounded array of motion paths in the parameterization plane.
Apolipoprotein E Peptide-Directed Chimeric Polymersomes Mediate an Ultrahigh-Efficiency Targeted Protein Therapy for Glioblastoma (2018)

The inability to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents nearly all chemotherapeutics and biotherapeutics from the effective treatment of brain tumors, rendering few improvements in patient survival rates to date. Here, we report that apolipoprotein E peptide [ApoE, (LRKLRKRLL)<sub>2</sub>C] specifically binds to low-density lipoprotein receptor members (LDLRs) and mediates superb BBB crossing and highly efficient glioblastoma (GBM)-targeted protein therapy in vivo. The in vitro BBB model studies reveal that ApoE induces 2.2-fold better penetration of the immortalized mouse brain endothelial cell line (bEnd.3) monolayer for chimeric polymersomes (CP) compared to Angiopep-2, the best-known BBB-crossing peptide used in clinical trials for GBM therapy. ApoE-installed CP (ApoE-CP) carrying saporin (SAP) displays a highly specific and potent antitumor effect toward U-87 MG cells with a low half-maximum inhibitory concentration of 14.2 nM SAP. Notably, ApoE-CP shows efficient BBB crossing as well as accumulation and penetration in orthotopic U-87 MG glioblastoma. The systemic administration of SAP-loaded ApoE-CP causes complete growth inhibition of orthotopic U-87 MG GBM without eliciting any observable adverse effects, affording markedly improved survival benefits. ApoE peptide provides an ultrahigh-efficiency targeting strategy for GBM therapy.
Experimental validation of transmission line dynamic thermal simulation model (2015)

In recent times, great emphasis is given to operate the power system networks more efficiently to reduce power price. To achieve higher line ratings, the transmission system operators resort to dynamic line ratings. In some cases, to increase the ratings further, short-time transient ratings are used. When the transmission line conductors are pushed to the limits, it is important to ensure that the real-time ratings and the conductor temperatures are estimated accurately. For this purpose, often the conductor thermal model is used to simulate the time-varying conductor temperature. It is equally important to validate the simulation model used to ensure the accuracy of temperature prediction. This paper addresses three different methods of experimentally validating the simulation model. Experimental results are compared with the simulated results along with practical limitations of the methods.
TEXT2030 - Shaping Text Entry Research in 2030 (2022)

We propose a workshop on the theme of ubiquitous text entry research. Our aim is to address the methodological challenges arising from several decades of experience in this research community. We hope to solicit views, experiences and ideas from researchers across a range of backgrounds, with a view to formulate concrete action plans to move community practices into a strengthened position by 2030.
Uniform Linear Array Based Spectrum Sensing from Sub-Nyquist Samples (2015)

With the emergence of Cognitive Radios (CRs), that aim at solving the spectrum scarcity issue, the traditional task of spectrum sensing has recently been revisited. Blind sub-Nyquist sampling and reconstruction methods of multiband signals have been proposed, alleviating the burden of both the analog and digital sides. In this work, we propose a new sub-Nyquist sampling system composed of sensors lying in a uniform linear array (ULA) that adopts some of the concepts of the Modulated Wideband Converter (MWC). Our system overcomes two practical issues of the MWC: the challenging choice of mixing functions which intentionally aliases the signal, and the introduction of the same sensor noise to all of the system channels. We provide two carrier frequencies recovery algorithms, and show how the signal can be reconstructed once these are estimated. We derive bounds for the minimal number of sensors and minimal sampling rate required for perfect signal reconstruction. Simulations show that for an equal number of channels or sensors and an identical sampling rate, our system outperforms the traditional MWC in terms of reconstruction performance.
Antigen-specific T cells with monogamous or promiscuous restriction patterns are sensitive to different HLA-DR beta chain substitutions (1991)

The contributions of the amino acids at 13 polymorphic positions in the HLA-DR7 beta 1 chain to T cell recognition of two antigenic peptides of tetanus toxin (p2 and p30) were assessed using transfectants expressing mutant DR7 beta 1 chains as APC for six toxin-specific T cell clones with two different restriction patterns: monogamous (restricted by DR7 only) or promiscuous (restricted by DR7; DR1; DR2, Dw21; and DR4, Dw4). Each of the 13 substitutions significantly decreased or eliminated the ability of the DR7 molecule to present a peptide to one or more of the T cell clones, but none of the substitutions abolished recognition by all clones. Interestingly, substitutions at positions 4 and 25, which are predicted in the class II model to be located outside the peptide binding groove, decreased the ability of the DR7 molecule to present Ag to some clones but not to others. Each of the four clones specific for the p2 peptide and the two clones specific for peptide p30 had a different reactivity pattern to the panel of DR7 beta 1 mutants, indicating that the TCR of each clone has a different view of the p2/DR7 or p30/DR7 complex. These data emphasize the complexity of the interactions of multiple residues in DR7 beta 1 chains in Ag-specific T cell recognition.
27.4: Selective Laser‐Annealing System for LTPS‐TFT Panels (2015)

A new laser‐annealing system for LTPS process was developed which can selectively anneal only the TFT channel area by irradiating amorphous Si with a laser beam using a micro lens located at the TFT array and a highly accurate optical exposure alignment system. Process throughput is increased, stitching issues overcome, and substrate sizes larger G6 are accessible.
INHIBITORY EFFECT OF NEUROPEPTIDE Y ON STIMULATED RENIN SECRETION OF AWAKE RATS (1992)

1. (1-36)-NPY is a vasoconstrictor peptide widely distributed in sympathetic nerve terminals. This peptide exerts an inhibitory action on renin release induced by various stimuli. Post-synaptic neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptors show a high affinity for (1-36)-NPY as well as for the agonist (Pro34)-NPY, while presynaptic receptors bind preferentially (13-36)-NPY. 2. This study was undertaken to assess whether the NPY induced renin suppression in awake normotensive rats infused with the beta-adrenoceptor stimulant isoproterenol is mediated by activation of pre- or post-synaptic receptors. 3. Non-pressor doses of (1-36)-NPY and (Pro34)-NPY markedly attenuated the renin secretion triggered by isoproterenol whereas (13-36)-NPY had no effect. This suggests that the effect of NPY on renin release is due to the stimulation of post-synaptic receptors. However it remains unknown whether NPY acts directly on juxtaglomerular cells or indirectly by modifying intraglomerular haemodynamics.
The Bond Strength of Resin Bonded Bridge Retainers to Abutments of Differing Proportions of Enamel and Composite. (2015)

Four groups of specimens were constructed using bovine enamel and composite resin. After a period of ageing, the specimens were roughened and acid etched before they were cemented to air abraded base metal alloy beams with a universal resin cement. After further ageing, tensile peel testing was carried out using a Universal Testing Machine. The force required to produce failure increased as the amount of composite resin on the bonding surface of the abutment increased. This difference reached statistical significance (p < 0.5) when the abutments contained > 50% composite. The mode of failure was mixed on the majority of retainers. Within the limitations of the study, findings suggest that RBB retainers can be cemented to abutments restored with composite resin without a reduction in bond strength.
Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Conference 11706: Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXV (2021)

Welcome and Introduction to SPIE Photonics West OPTO conference 11706: Light-Emitting Devices, Materials, and Applications XXV
Solid-State NMR Molecular Dynamics Characterization of aHighly Chlorine-Resistant Disulfonated Poly(arylene ether sulfone) Random Copolymer Blended with Poly(ethylene glycol) Oligomers for Reverse Osmosis Applications (2011)

We have investigated the dynamics-transport correlations of a chlorine-resistant polymeric system designed as a next-generation reverse osmosis (RO) membrane material by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. A random disulfonated poly(arylene ether sulfone) copolymer in the potassium salt (-SO(3)(-)K(+)) form (BPS-20K) was blended with poly(ethylene glycol)s (PEGs) for improving water permeability. Blended BPS-20K/PEG membranes maintained the intrinsic chlorine-resistant property of BPS-20K, with a somewhat reduced salt rejection. The dynamic characteristics of BPS-20K/PEG blends studied by the spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1)) and rotating frame spin-lattice relaxation time (T(1)ρ) indicated correlations with the observed water uptake and permeability. (1)H T(1) measured on the polymer's aromatic phenylene rings and (1)H T(1)ρ measured on the oxyethylene (-CH(2)CH(2)O-) units of PEG were sensitive to the morphological changes, due to the blending of PEGs, induced in the mixed matrices. Membranes made of BPS-20K/PEG blends, with a lower molecular weight and higher amount of PEGs, that exhibited higher water permeability also provided shorter (1)H T(1) and T(1)ρ relaxation times. PEGs behaved as a plasticizer in the BPS-20K matrix, providing shorter (1)H T(1) times and therefore shorter motional correlation times in the nanosecond regime. (1)H T(1)ρ data have indicated the formation of networks among different polymeric chains via K(+)-oxyethylene ion-dipole interactions. Other properties that exhibit ad hoc correlations with the observed T(1) and T(1)ρ times include density, glass transition temperature, and salt rejection. Additionally, the ring flip motions measured on the hydrophobic phenylene rings did not reveal any correlations to the molecular weight and amount of PEGs blended, suggesting that the blending of PEG molecules modifies only the ionic domains of the BPS-20K polymer matrix.
SNARF (2012)

The diminishing size and battery requirements of mobile devices restrict the scope of computations possible on such devices and motivate approaches that support the selective offloading of computations to remote resources. With a variety of resources available to potentially host offloaded computations -- such as cloud-provisioned resources, and devices within a user's personal or social network -- a key challenge lies in architecting a framework that enables applications to seamlessly discover available services, effectively and securely communicate with them, and be presented with API interfaces that hide the complexities associated with managing the interactions with a remote device from applications and present the abstraction of a local device. In this paper, we outline a framework that addresses these challenges by layering APIs and an offload infrastructure upon a virtual networking substrate that supports TCP/IP networking and widely-used resource discovery protocols. An intelligent runtime scheduling layer monitors the execution environment and provides opportunistic remote offloads based on the performance requirements, offload benefits and expendable power. We demonstrate the feasibility of the approach through experiments that evaluate end-to-end application execution times and energy consumption in offloaded mobile devices, as well as the ability to support universal plug-and-play (UPnP) resource discovery in both local- and wide-area environments.
‘Twisted’ electrons (2018)

Electrons have played a significant role in the development of many fields of physics during the last century. The interest surrounding them mostly involved their wave-like features prescribed by the quantum theory. In particular, these features correctly predict the behaviour of electrons in various physical systems including atoms, molecules, solid-state materials, and even in free space. Ten years ago, new breakthroughs were made, arising from the new ability to bestow orbital angular momentum (OAM) to the wave function of electrons. This quantity, in conjunction with the electron’s charge, results in an additional magnetic property. Owing to these features, OAM-carrying, or twisted, electrons can effectively interact with magnetic fields in unprecedented ways and have motivated materials scientists to find new methods for generating twisted electrons and measuring their OAM content. Here, we provide an overview of such techniques along with an introduction to the exciting dynamics of twisted electrons.
Sub-100  fs passively mode-locked holmium-doped fiber oscillator operating at 206  μm (2014)

We demonstrate a simple and compact Holmium-doped fiber femtosecond oscillator, in-band pumped by a commercial Tm-doped fiber laser. The oscillator operates in the dispersion managed soliton regime at net zero intracavity dispersion and delivers >1 nJ pulse energy at 35 MHz repetition rate. The pulse duration directly at the oscillator output is 160 fs FWHM, close to the Fourier-limit of 145 fs FWHM. Using an additional nonlinear compressor stage, sub-100 fs FWHM pulse durations could be achieved. The nonlinear fiber compressor is implemented by a solid core highly nonlinear fiber for spectral broadening and a single mode fiber for pulse compression.
Tuning the Pore Size and Surface Chemistry of Porous Silicon for Immunoassays (2000)

To use porous silicon as an optical interferometric biosensor, the pores must be sufficiently large to allow easy ingress of reagents and the layer must also display Fabry-Perot optical cavity modes. Here the detection antibody is rabbit IgG and the analyte is α-rabbit IgG conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP). For this model system, the pores should be >50 nm in diameter. Such diameters have been obtained in 0.05 Ω cm n-type silicon using anodisation followed by chemical etching in ethanolic KOH and also by anodising 0.005 Ω cm p-type material. The latter also displays optical cavity modes. The silicon surface is oxidised in ozone, silanised using aminopropylmethoxysilanes with one, two or three methoxy groups, and cross linked to IgG using glutaraldehyde. High specific binding is found for mono-, di- and tri-methoxy silanes, but the lowest non-specific binding is found for silanisation with the tri-methoxy silane.
Unique Hydrajet Tool Provides Cost Savings and Improved Performance in Placing Many Perforations and Proppant Fractures in Horizontal Wellbores (2010)

Abstract Hydrajet perforating and subsequent fracturing-stimulation placements using jointed pipe to sequentially create many propped fractures in a horizontal well can be challenging. When proppants are pumped through hydrajetting equipment for initial cutting and then also for the fracturing operation, tool failures could occur, possibly leading to a situation whereby the complete bottomhole assembly (BHA) needs to be replaced several times during these treatments. A service provider conducted an extensive analysis of some of these failures that revealed multiple damage mechanisms that could lead to internal and external erosion of the hydrajetting equipment. This analysis resulted in the design and construction of a new-concept hydrajetting tool that addresses these erosion issues adequately. This has been demonstrated by several recent case histories showing that the newly designed tool drastically outperformed the old-style tools, resulting in considerably fewer requirements for BHA replacements throughout the job. In fact, most cases have only required one trip in the hole, even for very large proppant volumes being pumped. This has provided considerable cost savings to the well operators.
A 65nm dual-mode baseband and multimedia application processor SoC with advanced power and memory management (2009)

A Dual-mode baseband (W-CDMA/HSDPA and GSM/GPRS/EDGE) and multimedia application processor SoC is described. The SoC fabricated in triple-Vth 65nm CMOS has 3 CPU cores and 20 separate power domains to achieve both high performance and low power. The SoC adopts the Partial Clock Activation scheme that reduces power by 42% for long-time music replay. The IP-MMU is introduced to reduce maximum memory footprint by 43MB, sharing external memory among CPUs and HW-IPs using virtual address space that enables reuse of physically fragmented memory.
Endoscopic optical coherence tomography for imaging the tympanic membrane (2011)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality that enables micrometer-scale contactless subsurface imaging of biological tissue. Endoscopy, as another imaging method, has the potential of imaging tubular organs and cavities and therefore has opened up several application areas not accessible before. The combination of OCT and endoscopy uses the advantages of both methods and consequently allows additional imaging of structures beneath surfaces inside cavities. Currently, visual investigations on the surface of the human tympanic membrane are possible but only with expert eyes. up to now, visual imaging of the outer ear up to the tympanic membrane can be carried out by an otoscope, an operating microscope or an endoscope. In contrast to these devices, endoscopy has the advantage of imaging the whole tympanic membrane with one view. The intention of this research is the development of an endoscopic optical coherence tomography (EOCT) device for imaging the tympanic membrane depth-resolved and structures behind it. Detection of fluids in the middle ear, which function as an indicator for otitis media, could help to avoid the application of antibiotics. It is possible to detect a congeries of fluids with the otoscope but the ambition is to the early detection by OCT. The developed scanner head allows imaging in working distances in the range from zero up to 5 mm with a field of view of 2 mm. In the next step, the scanner head should be improved to increase the working distance and the field of view.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity of a Trifluoromethyl Sulfide Anionic Salt Stabilized with Tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene Dication (TDAE2+). (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Mode partition noise measurements of time stretched ultra low noise actively modelocked semiconductor based laser (2007)

We report measurement results of the mode partition noise of a temporally stretched ultra low noise modelocked laser output pulse train. It was observed that there are both random and a linear drift of fluctuations among modes.
HIV-1 Gag specifically restricts PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol mobility in living cells creating a nanodomain platform for virus assembly (2019)

HIV-1 Gag protein self-assembles at the plasma membrane of infected cells for viral particle formation. Gag targets lipids, mainly the phosphatidylinositol (4, 5) bisphosphate, at the inner leaflet of this membrane. Here, we address the question whether Gag is able to trap specifically PI(4,5)P2 or other lipids during HIV-1 assembly in the host CD4+ T lymphocytes. Lipid dynamics within and away from HIV-1 assembly sites was determined using super-resolution STED microscopy coupled with scanning Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy in living T cells. Analysis of HIV-1 infected cells revealed that, upon assembly, HIV-1 is able to specifically trap PI(4,5)P2, and cholesterol, but not phosphatidylethanolamine or sphingomyelin. Furthermore, our data show that Gag is the main driving force to restrict PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol mobility at the cell plasma membrane. This is first direct evidence showing that HIV-1 creates its own specific lipid environment by selectively recruiting PI(4,5)P2 and cholesterol, as a membrane nano-platform for virus assembly.