gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Very Low Surface Energy (<11 dyn cm-1) Heterophase Polymeric Materials for Membrane Separations: An Integrated Polymer Chemistry/Engineering Approach and The Influence of Backpulsing on Fouling Properties of Novel Nanofiltration Membranes for Wastewater Remediation. (1998)

Abstract : The focus of our fundamental research program, Very Low Surface Energy (<11 dyn cm(-1)) Heterophase Polymeric Materials for Membrane Separations: An Integrated Polymer Chemistry/Engineering Approach, is to explore several new classes of polymeric materials to identify promising routes for developing low-fouling nanofiltration membranes for wastewater remediation. This objective will be accomplished through an iterative process of polymer synthesis and characterization, membrane fabrication, separation performance characterization, and fouling assessment. Three classes of materials are being evaluated: low surface energy heterophase fluoropolymeric materials (synthesized by DeSimone's group), functionalized nanoporous polymeric membranes with well-defined pore size formed via lyotropic liquid crystalline monomers (in collaboration with Professor Douglas L. Gin at the University of California at Berkeley), and nonporous hydrophilic blend membrane materials (in collaboration with Professor Virgil Percec at Case Western Reserve University). The focus of our closely related research program, The Influence of Backpulsing on Fouling Properties of Novel Nanofiltration Membranes for Wastewater Remediation, is to determine the efficacy of backpulsing to reduce the fouling of nanofiltration membranes.
Biomechanical evaluation of the craniovertebral junction after inferior-third clivectomy and intradural exposure of the foramen magnum: implications for endoscopic endonasal approaches to the cranial base (2013)

Inferior-third clivectomy and an intradural exposure to the ventral CVJ and foramen magnum resulted in hypermobility at Oc-C1 during flexion-extension and axial rotation. Although the results were statistically significant, the modest degree of hypermobility observed compared with other well-characterized CVJ injuries suggests that occipitocervical stabilization may be unnecessary for most patients.
TiN prepared by plasma source ion implantation of nitrogen into Ti as a diffusion barrier for Si/Cu metallization (1997)

Summary form only given. TiN films prepared by plasma source ion implantation (PSII) of nitrogen into sputtered Ti films as adhesion promoter and diffusion barriers for Si/Cu metallization in ultra large scale integrated circuits (ULSIs) were investigated. The nitrogen-PSII process utilized a dose of 1/spl times/10/sup 17/ ions/cm/sup 2/ and peak voltages of -10, -15 and -20 kV, respectively. The microstructures and phase identification of the nitrogen-PSII treated TiN films were performed by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The properties of such TiN films as diffusion barriers between Cu and Si were investigated by annealing Cu(2000A)/TiN/Si stack films in vacuum from 500/spl deg/C to 700/spl deg/C, and by analyzing with four-point probe sheet resistance measurements, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RES) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES).
Neurodegenerative disease and adult neurogenesis (2011)

The generation and cell death of newly generated cells have critical roles in brain development and maintenance in the embryonic and adult brain. Alterations in these processes are also seen in neurodegenerative diseases. Genes that are key players in neurodegenerative diseases (α-synuclein, presenilin-1, tau, huntingtin) are also physiologically involved in modulating brain plasticity. Interestingly, in some neurodegenerative diseases, the specific alterations in neurogenic areas such as the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone/olfactory bulb system parallel the early or premotor symptoms that are seen in the early stages of these diseases, such as depression, anxiety or olfactory dysfunction. We will review the modulation of neurogenesis in animal models and human brains of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
Study of the material of the ATLAS inner detector for Run 2 of the LHC (2017)

The ATLAS inner detector comprises three different sub-detectors: the pixel detector, the silicon strip tracker, and the transition-radiation drift-tube tracker. The Insertable $B$-Layer, a new innermost pixel layer, was installed during the shutdown period in 2014, together with modifications to the layout of the cables and support structures of the existing pixel detector. The material in the inner detector is studied with several methods, using a low-luminosity $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV $pp$ collision sample corresponding to around $2.0\,\mathrm{nb}^{-1}$ collected in 2015 with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC. In this paper, the material within the innermost barrel region is studied using reconstructed hadronic interaction and photon conversion vertices. For the forward rapidity region, the material is probed by a measurement of the efficiency with which single tracks reconstructed from pixel detector hits alone can be extended with hits on the track in the strip layers. The results of these studies have been taken into account in an improved description of the material in the ATLAS inner detector simulation, resulting in a reduction in the uncertainties associated with the charged-particle reconstruction efficiency determined from simulation.
Cytokine release and expression induced by OmpA proteins from the Gram-negative anaerobes,Porphyromonas asaccharolyticaandBacteroides fragilis (2008)

OmpA proteins from Gram-negative anaerobes Porphyromonas asaccharolytica and Bacteroides fragilis induced release and expression of IL-1alpha, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, IFN-gamma, IL-6, and IL-10 from murine splenocytes in vitro in a dose-dependent fashion. The release of the cytokines induced by B. fragilis Bf-OmpA was at much lower levels compared with P. asaccharolytica Omp-PA; Bf-OmpA did not induce release of IL-10. Omp-PA and Bf-OmpA were able to upregulate mRNA expression of the tested cytokines. The results obtained with refolded Bf-OmpA were similar to those with native Bf-OmpA. The data presented in this research demonstrate for the first time that Omps from anaerobic bacteria can induce the release of cytokines, suggesting that Omp-PA and Bf-OmpA may play important roles in the pathogenic processes of these bacteria.
Combining Molecular Scaffolds from FDA Approved Drugs: Application to Drug Discovery (2016)

We have enumerated all linear combinations of ring systems from FDA approved drugs, up to three rings in length and up to four bonds linkers to give an in silico database of approximately 14 million molecules. This virtual library was compared with molecular databases of published and commercially available compounds to assess the prevalence of drug ring combinations in modern medicinal chemistry and to identify areas of under-represented, but clinically validated, chemical space. From the 10 trillion molecular comparisons, we found that less than 1% of the possible combinations of drug ring systems appear in commercially available libraries. This key observation highlights significant opportunities to design new fragment-like and lead-like libraries aimed at improving success rates and reducing risk in small molecule drug discovery, as, based on our previous analysis ( Taylor J. Med. Chem. 2014 , 57 , 5845 - 5849 ), approximately 70% of all new drugs are made up of only ring systems that have been used in existing drugs.
Abstract 3906: Characterization of mTORC2 interactome reveals association with microtubules in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells (2022)

Abstract The Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 2 (mTORC2) is a multiprotein complex representing one of the key players in the mTOR signaling pathway. This signal transduction is essential for the regulation of various cellular activities, including proper cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, survival, cell motility, and metabolism. Aberration of the mTOR cascade can be found in several types of disorders, including cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. It has been reported to correlate with acquired aggressive characteristics promoting metastasis, drug resistance, and recurrence in cancer cells and more progressive phenotypes in other diseased cells. More specifically, mTORC2 signaling promotes actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell motility, cell survival, and has been recently reported to be responsible for DNA damage control. Unlike mTORC1 that has been more thoroughly studied, molecular mechanisms of mTORC2 are yet to be elaborated. Therefore, characterization of the mTORC2 signaling pathway will provide further information needed for better understandings of the biology of diseases. Previously, we have identified multiple cytoskeleton regulators, including actin-binding and microtubule-associated proteins as binding partners of mTORC2 in glioblastoma cells by affinity purification-mass spectrometry (AP-MS). In this work, we provided extensive characterization of mTORC2 interactome in both neuronal and non-neuronal cells focusing on microtubule-associated proteins. Interestingly, apart from many MAP proteins found in non-neuronal cells (glioblastoma), we identified Tau isoforms and their regulatory proteins such as Tau kinases from affinity-purified mTORC2 in neuroblastoma cells. The quantitative proteomic analyses of mTORC2-interacting proteins in various cellular conditions were performed to help determine the dynamics of the mTORC2-associated microtubule network. These novel protein-protein interactions acquired from this study suggested additional mTORC2 functions in different types of brain cells, which might also be beneficial to the understandings of neurodegenerative diseases in addition to cancers. Citation Format: Narawit Pacharakullanon, Piriya Wongkongkathep, Fuyuhiko Tamanoi, Joseph A. Loo, Trairak Pisitkun, Naphat Chantaravisoot. Characterization of mTORC2 interactome reveals association with microtubules in glioblastoma and neuroblastoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 3906.
Olefin Isomerization by Iridium Pincer Catalysts. Experimental Evidence for an η3-Allyl Pathway and an Unconventional Mechanism Predicted by DFT Calculations (2012)

The isomerization of olefins by complexes of the pincer-ligated iridium species ((tBu)PCP)Ir ((tBu)PCP = κ(3)-C(6)H(3)-2,6-(CH(2)P(t)Bu(2))(2)) and ((tBu)POCOP)Ir ((tBu)POCOP = κ(3)-C(6)H(3)-2,6-(OP(t)Bu(2))(2)) has been investigated by computational and experimental methods. The corresponding dihydrides, (pincer)IrH(2), are known to hydrogenate olefins via initial Ir-H addition across the double bond. Such an addition is also the initial step in the mechanism most widely proposed for olefin isomerization (the "hydride addition pathway"); however, the results of kinetics experiments and DFT calculations (using both M06 and PBE functionals) indicate that this is not the operative pathway for isomerization in this case. Instead, (pincer)Ir(η(2)-olefin) species undergo isomerization via the formation of (pincer)Ir(η(3)-allyl)(H) intermediates; one example of such a species, ((tBu)POCOP)Ir(η(3)-propenyl)(H), was independently generated, spectroscopically characterized, and observed to convert to ((tBu)POCOP)Ir(η(2)-propene). Surprisingly, the DFT calculations indicate that the conversion of the η(2)-olefin complex to the η(3)-allyl hydride takes place via initial dissociation of the Ir-olefin π-bond to give a σ-complex of the allylic C-H bond; this intermediate then undergoes C-H bond oxidative cleavage to give an iridium η(1)-allyl hydride which "closes" to give the η(3)-allyl hydride. Subsequently, the η(3)-allyl group "opens" in the opposite sense to give a new η(1)-allyl (thus completing what is formally a 1,3 shift of Ir), which undergoes C-H elimination and π-coordination to give a coordinated olefin that has undergone double-bond migration.
Impact of Climate Change on MicroRNA Expression in Plants (2013)

Climate change is an alarming issue of the twenty-first century, and the effect of climate change on plant resources, biodiversity, and global food security is a major concern. For assured food production in the projected climates of 2030 and beyond, it is essential that we understand at the molecular level how plants respond and adapt to higher temperatures, drought, high CO 2, ozone, and UV-B radiation, which are some of the major stresses that will be associated with the changing climates. In plants, stress-responsive gene expression largely constitutes nuclear processes such as transcriptional regulation involving interaction between DNA (cis-elements) and proteins (transcription factors). However, recently discovered microRNA (miRNA)-mediated post-transcriptional gene regulation is also critical for adaptation to stress conditions. In this chapter, we discuss the responses and roles of plant miRNAs in changing climates.
Drift Tube (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Charge dissociation in polymer:fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells with enhanced permittivity (2008)

The dissociation efficiency of bound electron-hole pairs at the donor-acceptor interface in bulk heterojunction solar cells is partly limited due to the low dielectric constant of the polymer:fullerene blend. We investigate the photocurrent generation in blends consisting of a fullerene derivative and an oligo(oxyethylene) substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) derivative with an enhanced relative permittivity of 4. It is demonstrated that in spite of the relatively low hole mobility of the glycol substituted PPV the increase in the spatially averaged permittivity leads to an enhanced charge dissociation of 72% for these polymer:fullerene blends.
Solvent‐Induced Deuterium Isotope Effects in 13C‐ and 15N‐NMR. Spectra of Enaminones (1982)

Abstract The effect of deuterium on the 13 C and 15 N chemical shifts of enaminones has been investigated. D/H isotope shifts are reported for neutral and protonated species, i.e. , when the isotope is exchanged on the C(2)‐, N‐, or O‐atoms. In cases of slow exchange the isotope shifts were obtained from solutions containing both isotopomers, whereas for fast exchange (acidic solutions) either separate NMR. sample tubes ( 15 N‐NMR.) or coaxial tubes ( 13 C‐NMR.) were used. In neutral molecules the isotope effects δ C (D, H) are intrinsic in nature. In acidic solutions, the enaminocarbonyl cations formed exhibit δ C (D, H)‐ and δ N (D, H)‐values which are discussed in terms of the proton transfer. The mesomeric character of the cations is reflected by characteristic features in the δ C (D, H)‐ and δ N (D, H)‐values, which can be ascribed to isotopic perturbation of resonance. O ‐Protonation shifts in the 15 N‐resonance, observed for the first time, are large and positive (+60 to +76 ppm), in contrast to amides, where the effects are of the same sign but an order of magnitude smaller. Both protonation shifts and solvent‐induced isotope effects are discussed in connection with the nucleophilic character of the reactive centers in the enaminone synthon.
Improving the detection limit for on-chip photonic sensors based on subwavelength grating racetrack resonators (2017)

Compared to the conventional strip waveguide microring resonators, subwavelength grating (SWG) waveguide microring resonators have better sensitivity and lower detection limit due to the enhanced photon-analyte interaction. As sensors, especially biosensors, are usually used in absorptive ambient environment, it is very challenging to further improve the detection limit of the SWG ring resonator by simply increasing the sensitivity. The high sensitivity resulted from larger mode-analyte overlap also brings significant absorption loss, which deteriorates the quality factor of the resonator. To explore the potential of the SWG ring resonator, we theoretically and experimentally optimize an ultrasensitive transverse magnetic mode SWG racetrack resonator to obtain maximum quality factor and thus lowest detection limit. A quality factor of 9800 around 1550 nm and sensitivity of 429.7 ± 0.4nm/RIU in water environment are achieved. It corresponds to a detection limit (λ/S·Q) of 3.71 × 10<sup>-4</sup> RIU, which marks a reduction of 32.5% compared to the best value reported for SWG microring sensors.
Sonodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid and focused ultrasound for deep-seated intracranial glioma in rat. (2011)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) has already been applied clinically as a photosensitizer. In this study, sonodynamically induced selective antitumour effect of 5-ALA for deep-seated lesions was evaluated.First, normal rat brains were sonicated via a transducer placed on the dural surface to confirm safe acoustic conditions for normal rat brains. One week after inoculation of brains with C6 rat glioma cells, brains with/without administration of 5-ALA (100 mg/kg body weight) were sonicated.Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) with 5-ALA and focused ultrasound (10 W/cm(2), 1.04 MHz, 5 min) achieved selective antitumour effect against deep-seated experimental glioma. Mean tumour sizes in the largest coronal section in sham-operated rats and rats receiving ultrasound with/without 5-ALA were 29.94±10.39, 18.32±5.69 and 30.81±9.65 mm(2), respectively. Tumour size was significantly smaller in the SDT group than in other groups (p<0.05).This experimental rat model showed that SDT appears to be useful in the treatment of deep-seated malignant glioma.
Chitosan Interferon-γ Nanogene Therapy for Lung Disease: Modulation of T-Cell and Dendritic Cell Immune Responses (2008)

: The use of chitosan nanoparticles as carriers for expression plasmids represents a major improvement in gene expression technology. We demonstrated previously that treatment with chitosan interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nanoparticles (chitosan interferon-gamma nanogene [CIN]) led to in situ production of IFN-gamma and a reduction in inflammation and airway reactivity in mice, but the mechanism underlying the immunomodulatory effects of CIN remains unclear. In this report, the effect of CIN treatment on the immune responses of CD8+ T cells and dendritic cells was examined in a BALB/c mouse model of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma. OT1 mice (OVA-T cell receptor [TCR] transgenic) were also used to test the effects of CIN on OVA-specific CD8+ T cells. CIN treatment caused a reduction in IFN-gamma production in a subpopulation of OVA-specific CD8+ T cells cultured in vitro in the presence of OVA. CIN also reduced apoptosis of the CD8+ T cells. Examination of dendritic cells from lung and lymph nodes indicated that CIN treatment decreased their antigen-presenting activity, as evident from the reduction in CD80 and CD86 expression. Furthermore, CIN treatment significantly decreased the number of CD11c+b+ dendritic cells in lymph nodes, suggesting that endogenous IFN-gamma expression may immunomodulate dendritic cell migration and activation. CIN therapy results in a reduction in proinflammatory CD8+ T cells and decreases the number and antigen-presenting activity of dendritic cells.
3D Electromagnetic Modelling of Connector to PCB Via Transitions (2018)

This paper examines methods to electromagnetically model a hybrid land grid array (HLGA) connector and its associated printed circuit board (PCB) via individually with the goal of achieving the best correlation between their cascade and when modelled together as a single structure. The transition between the connector and the PCB via is of utmost importance as this is the location where the segmentation takes place. In this activity, the segmentation takes place on or close by the solder ball transitioning a signal between the two components. The solder ball location and any associated pads and/or dog-bone traces are becoming more worthy of attention as signal rise times decrease and data rates increase. Different excitation port setup techniques are considered at the transition. The signal integrity (SI) metrics of the cascaded models generated from each method tested are compared against a reference merged model. Due to differences observed between the cascaded and the merged models for one of the conventional modelling methods, a modelling correction method is investigated to achieve a closer match between cascaded and merged models.
Highly radiative nature of ultra-thin c-plane Al-rich AlGaN/AlN quantum wells for deep ultraviolet emitters (2019)

Temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes were measured for a series of ultra-thin c-plane Al0.61Ga0.39N/AlN multiple quantum wells (QWs) on bulk AlN substrates with the well thickness varying from 0.6 to 2 nm. At temperatures below 75 K, estimates of the internal quantum efficiency indicate that the recombination is primarily radiative, with a lifetime of ∼160 ps for the 0.6 nm QWs, comparable to the low temperature PL lifetime observed in bulk AlGaN films of a similar Al content. This short lifetime is observed despite the presence of layer thickness fluctuations and the quantum-confined Stark effect associated with the large polarization field in the heterostructures, which tend to increase the radiative lifetime. This behavior is explained using many-body calculations of radiative recombination rates that extend beyond the conventional ABC rate equation model by accounting for both excitons and free carriers within a nonequilibrium Green's function formalism. The results indicate that the combination of the large wave function overlap integral (∼0.65) and exciton binding energy (1.82 times the 3D Rydberg) for the 0.6 nm QWs leads to an ∼20-fold increase in the radiative recombination rate relative to that obtained for the 2 nm QWs. This greater radiative recombination rate competes favorably with trapping at interface fluctuations and defect-induced nonradiative recombination that dominates recombination at higher temperatures.
Geometrical Featured Voxel Based Urban Structure Recognition and 3-D Mapping for Unmanned Ground Vehicle (2011)

Recognition of structures in urban environments is a fundamental ability for unmanned ground vehicles. In this paper we propose the geometrical featured voxel which has not only 3-D coordinates but also the type of geometrical properties of point cloud. Instead of dealing with a huge amount of point cloud collected by range sensors in urban, the proposed voxel can efficiently represent and save 3-D urban structures without loss of geometrical properties. We also provide an urban structure classification algorithm by using the proposed voxel and machine learning techniques. The proposed method enables to recognize urban environments around unmanned ground vehicles quickly. In order to evaluate an ability of the proposed map representation and the urban structure classification algorithm, our vehicle equipped with the sensor system collected range data and pose data in campus and experimental results have been shown in this paper.