gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic clustering of SDDV within the <i>Iridoviridae</i> family. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;Deduced amino acid sequences of 26 conserved genes (see &lt;a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005074#ppat.1005074.s007" target="_blank"&gt;S2 Table&lt;/a&gt;) were aligned with the corresponding genes of &lt;i&gt;Iridoviridae&lt;/i&gt; of which the full length genome sequence is available. The genes of each virus are placed in the same order and the total was used for phylogenetic analysis, similar as described by Eaton et al. [&lt;a href="http://www.plospathogens.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.ppat.1005074#ppat.1005074.ref009" target="_blank"&gt;9&lt;/a&gt;]. The neighbor-joining method with pairwise deletion within the MEGA-5 package was used, bootstrap values (for 500 replications) are provided at the root of the clusters and the scale bar is a measure of the proportion of divergence. SDDV is indicated with • in the tree.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrole Derivatives Using Thioimidates. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Intravenous Esomeprazole for Prevention of Recurrent Peptic Ulcer Bleeding (2009)

AstraZeneca Research and Development.
Effects of ozone exposure on ‘Golden’ papaya fruit by photoacoustic phase-resolved method: Physiological changes associated with carbon dioxide and ethylene emission rates during ripening (2011)

This work addresses the effects of ozone activity on the physiology of ‘Golden’ papaya fruit. Depth profile analysis of double-layer biological samples was accomplished using the phase-resolved photoacoustic spectroscopy. The feasibility of the method was demonstrated by singling out the spectra of the cuticle and the pigment layers of papaya fruit. The same approach was used to monitor changes occurring on the fruit during ripening when exposed to ozone. In addition, one has performed real time studies of fluorescence parameters and the emission rates of carbon dioxide and ethylene. Finally, the amount of pigments and the changes in waxy cuticle have been monitored. Results indicate that a fruit deliberately subjected to ozone at a level of 6 ppmv underwent ripening sooner (at least 24-48 h) than a fruit stored at ambient conditions. Moreover, ozone caused a reduction in the maximum quantum yield of photosynthetic apparatus located within the skin of papaya fruit.
Intrinsic dissipation in high-frequency micromechanical resonators (2002)

We report measurements of intrinsic dissipation in micron-sized suspended resonators machined from single crystals of galium arsenide and silicon. In these experiments on high-frequency micromechanical resonators, designed to understand intrinsic mechanisms of dissipation, we explore dependence of dissipation on temperature, magnetic field, frequency, and size. In contrast to most of the previous measurements of acoustic attenuation in crystalline and amorphous structures in this frequency range, ours is a resonant measurement; dissipation is measured at the natural frequencies of structural resonance, or modes of the structure associated with flexural and torsional motion. In all our samples we find a weakly temperature dependent dissipation at low temperatures. We compare and contrast our data to various probable mechanisms, including thermoelasticity, clamping, anharmonic mode-coupling, surface anisotropy and defect motion, both in bulk and on surface. The observed parametric dependencies indicate that the internal defect motion is the dominant mechanism of intrinsic dissipation in our samples.
ISI's participation in the Romanian-English alignment task (2005)

We discuss results on the shared task of Romanian-English word alignment. The baseline technique is that of symmetrizing two word alignments automatically generated using IBM Model 4. A simple vocabulary reduction technique results in an improvement in performance. We also report on a new alignment model and a new training algorithm based on alternating maximization of likelihood with minimization of error rate.
Dynamic fiber Bragg grating strain sensor interrogation based on resonance Fourier domain mode-locked fiber laser (2016)

We demonstrate a dynamic fiber Bragg grating (FBG) strain sensor interrogation using a 1550 nm band resonance Fourier domain mode-locked fiber laser. We successfully achieved a real-time measurement of the abrupt change of the applied frequencies to the FBG without any signal processing delay.
Inhibition of integrin αVβ3prevents urokinase plasminogen activator-mediated impairment of cerebrovasodilation after cerebral hypoxia/ischemia (2009)

Cerebral hypoxia (10 min) followed immediately by ischemia (20 min) (H/I) impairs cerebrovasodilation in response to hypercapnia and hypotension in the newborn pig; exogenous urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) potentiates this effect, whereas the blockade of endogenous uPA-mediated vasoactivity prevents it completely. This study investigated the role of integrin alpha(V)beta(3) in the uPA-mediated impairment of cerebrovasodilation after H/I in piglets equipped with a closed cranial window. Pial artery dilation induced by hypercapnia (Pco(2), 75 mmHg) and hypotension (mean arterial blood pressure, decreased by 45%) was blunted after H/I, reversed to vasconstriction in piglets treated with uPA (10(-7) M), a concentration observed in cerebrospinal fluid after H/I, but reverted to a dilation no different than preinsult in piglets administered an anti-alpha(V)beta(3) antibody (10 ng/ml) in addition to uPA (26 +/- 1, 9 +/- 1, -10 +/- 3, and 22 +/- 3% for hypercapnia before H/I, after H/I, after H/I with uPA, and after H/I with combined uPA and anti-alpha(V)beta(3) antibody, respectively). Responses to isoproterenol were unchanged after H/I and combined uPA and anti-alpha(V)beta(3) antibody. Similar results were obtained for the combined administration of uPA with the alpha(V)beta(3) antagonist Arg-Gly-Asp-d-Phe-Val and Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser, but not for the inactive analog Arg-Gly-Asp-Glu-Ser acetate. These data show that the activation of the integrin alpha(V)beta(3) contributes to the uPA-mediated impairment of pial artery dilation after H/I. These data suggest that the inhibition of uPA and integrin signaling may preserve cerebrohemodynamic control after H/I.
The effect of series LC circuit parameters on current-ripple reduction in Pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cell applications (2009)

This paper examines the effect of input current-ripple reduction on Pulse-link DC-AC converter for fuel cells applications. For reducing the input current-ripple, series LC circuit has been connected in parallel at the Pulse-link DC-AC converter. The input current-ripple characteristics have two main domains with combination of series LC parameters. The current-ripple level depends on inductance values. Input current-ripple is reduced when the inductor current flown at series LC circuit has zero-slopes in one switching period. At that time, small parameters values can be reached.
Software Technology Readiness for the Smart Grid (2011)

Abstract Budget and schedule overruns in product development due to the use of immature technologies constitute an important matter for program managers. Moreover, unexpected lack of technology maturity is also a problem for buyers. Both sides of the situation would benefit from an unbiased measure of technology maturity. This paper presents the use of a software maturity metric called Technology Readiness Level (TRL), in the milieu of the smart grid. For most of the time they have been in existence, power utilities have been protected monopolies, guaranteed a return on investment on anything they could justify adding to the rate base. Such a situation did not encourage innovation, and instead led to widespread risk-avoidance behavior in many utilities. The situation changed at the end of the last century, with a series of regulatory measures, beginning with the Public Utility Regulatory Policy Act of 1978. However, some bad experiences have actually served to strengthen the resistance to innovation by some utilities. Some aspects of the smart grid, such as the addition of computer-based control to the power system, face an uphill battle. It is our position that the addition of TRLs to the decision-making process for smart grid power-system projects, willmore » lead to an environment of more confident adoption.« less
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Electrochemical Hydrogen Sensors (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Auditory Stream Segregation Improves Infants’ Selective Attention to Target Tones Amid Distracters (2011)

The present study examined the role of auditory stream segregation in the selective attention to target tones in infancy. Using a task adapted from Bregman and Rudnicky's (1975) study and implemented in a conditioned head-turn procedure, infant and adult listeners had to discriminate the temporal order of 2200 and 2400 Hz target tones presented alone, preceded and followed by 1460 Hz flanker tones, and presented within a series of 1460 Hz captor tones meant to release the target tones from the effects of the flankers by capturing the flankers into a separate stream. Infants showed the same pattern of discrimination across conditions as adults: discrimination of target tones in the target-alone condition, a decrease in performance when flanker tones were introduced, and a return to target-alone level in the captor condition. These results suggest that infants' perceptual organization of tones is similar to that of adults, and that their ability to selectively attend to target sounds and ignore distractors depends on the structural properties and perceptual organization of the non-target sounds.
CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF Î²-GLUCURONIDASE GENE FUSED WITH STRESS-INDUCIBLE PROMOTER OF THE PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1A PROTEIN GENE OF TOBACCO IN TRANSGENIC KALANCHOE BLOSSFELDIANA (1998)

ISHS III International Symposium on New Floricultural Crops CONSTITUTIVE EXPRESSION OF β-GLUCURONIDASE GENE FUSED WITH STRESS-INDUCIBLE PROMOTER OF THE PATHOGENESIS-RELATED 1A PROTEIN GENE OF TOBACCO IN TRANSGENIC KALANCHOE BLOSSFELDIANA
Effect of adjuvant chemo- or immunotherapy on the prognosis of colorectal cancer operated for cure (1985)

After radical surgery for colorectal cancer, 178 patients with a Dukes' B or C tumour were randomly assigned to one of three groups: A, controls (n = 62); B, chemotherapy (n = 59); C, immunotherapy (n = 57). Randomization criteria (age, sex, Dukes' stage, localization of tumour, operative procedure) were evenly distributed throughout the groups. After a median observation time of 30 months, statistical analyses were performed: survival and probability to be free of recurrence was described by Kaplan-Meier estimates of the survival function; for comparison of these survival functions, Breslow's test was used. Overall analyses show no benefit in the treatment group compared to controls. Separate analyses by Dukes' stages showed that in patients with Dukes' C tumours the probability of survival 40 months after surgery was 72 per cent in group C, 51 per cent in group B, and 33 per cent in group A. The differences between groups C and A, and B and A were statistically significant (P less than 0.02 and P less than 0.03 respectively). For a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of distant metastases at 30 months after surgery was 80 per cent in group B, 68 per cent in group C and 52 per cent in group A. Also for a Dukes' C tumour the probability to be free of liver metastases at 21 months after surgery was 83 per cent in group B, 81 per cent in group C, and 54 per cent in group A (significant differences: B-A and C-A P less than 0.04 for both). There was no influence on the estimated incidence of local recurrences for stage Dukes' C. Patients with a Dukes' B tumour did not benefit from either of the adjuvant therapy schemes.
Increase in Campylobacter jejuni Invasion of Intestinal Epithelial Cells under Low-Oxygen Coculture Conditions That Reflect the In Vivo Environment (2012)

Campylobacter jejuni infection often results in bloody, inflammatory diarrhea, indicating bacterial disruption and invasion of the intestinal epithelium. While C. jejuni infection can be reproduced in vitro using intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) lines, low numbers of bacteria invading IECs do not reflect these clinical symptoms. Performing in vitro assays under atmospheric oxygen conditions neither is optimal for microaerophilic C. jejuni nor reflects the low-oxygen environment of the intestinal lumen. A vertical diffusion chamber (VDC) model system creates microaerobic conditions at the apical surface and aerobic conditions at the basolateral surface of cultured IECs, producing an in vitro system that closely mimics in vivo conditions in the human intestine. Ninefold increases in interacting and 80-fold increases in intracellular C. jejuni 11168H wild-type strain bacteria were observed after 24-h coculture with Caco-2 IECs in VDCs under microaerobic conditions at the apical surface, compared to results under aerobic conditions. Increased bacterial interaction was matched by an enhanced and directional host innate immune response, particularly an increased basolateral secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (IL-8). Analysis of the invasive ability of a nonmotile C. jejuni 11168H rpoN mutant in the VDC model system indicates that motility is an important factor in the early stages of bacterial invasion. The first report of the use of a VDC model system for studying the interactions of an invasive bacterial pathogen with IECs demonstrates the importance of performing such experiments under conditions that represent the in vivo situation and will allow novel insights into C. jejuni pathogenic mechanisms.
Diverse mechanisms of carbon-hydrogen bond formation through binuclear reductive elimination reactions (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiverse mechanisms of carbon-hydrogen bond formation through binuclear reductive elimination reactionsMario J. Nappa, Roberto Santi, Steven P. Diefenbach, and Jack HalpernCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 2, 619–621Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00366a044Request reuse permissionsArticle Views177Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (419 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electromagnetic variable degrees of freedom actuator systems and methods (2023)

The present invention provides a variable reluctance actuator system and method that can be adapted for simultaneous rotation and translation of a moving element by applying a normal-direction magnetic flux on the moving element. In a beneficial example arrangement, the moving element includes a swing arm that carries a cutting tool at a set radius from an axis of rotation so as to produce a rotary fast tool servo that provides a tool motion in a direction substantially parallel to the surface-normal of a workpiece at the point of contact between the cutting tool and workpiece. An actuator rotates a swing arm such that a cutting tool moves toward and away from a mounted rotating workpiece in a controlled manner in order to machine the workpiece. Position sensors provide rotation and displacement information for a swing arm to a control system. A control system commands and coordinates motion of the fast tool servo with the motion of a spindle, rotating table, cross-feed slide, and in feed slide of a precision lathe.
An IDH1-vitamin C crosstalk drives human erythroid development by inhibiting pro-oxidant mitochondrial metabolism (2021)

The metabolic changes controlling the stepwise differentiation of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) to mature erythrocytes are poorly understood. Here, we show that HSPC development to an erythroid-committed proerythroblast results in augmented glutaminolysis, generating alpha-ketoglutarate (αKG) and driving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). However, sequential late-stage erythropoiesis is dependent on decreasing αKG-driven OXPHOS, and we find that isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) plays a central role in this process. IDH1 downregulation augments mitochondrial oxidation of αKG and inhibits reticulocyte generation. Furthermore, IDH1 knockdown results in the generation of multinucleated erythroblasts, a morphological abnormality characteristic of myelodysplastic syndrome and congenital dyserythropoietic anemia. We identify vitamin C homeostasis as a critical regulator of ineffective erythropoiesis; oxidized ascorbate increases mitochondrial superoxide and significantly exacerbates the abnormal erythroblast phenotype of IDH1-downregulated progenitors, whereas vitamin C, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reprogramming mitochondrial metabolism, rescues erythropoiesis. Thus, an IDH1-vitamin C crosstalk controls terminal steps of human erythroid differentiation.
Interactive on-line conferences (1984)

A real-time conference allows a group of users, each at his or her own workstation, to conduct a problem-solving meeting by collectively viewing and manipulating a shared space of on-line application information while using a voice communication channel for discussion and negotiation. A real-time conference thus supplements asynchronous communication services, such as electronic mail, by permitting simultaneous manipulation of shared information. Techniques are presented in this document for designing and implementing real-time conferences on distributed computer systems. Useful functions for real-time conferences are proposed: control over who may join a conference, and over concurrent participant commands within a conference, private spaces and transfer of information between shared and private spaces; display of status information describing who is present in a conference and who is entering commands; eliciting and collecting responses to be used in decision-making; planning a conference and making it known to potential participants; and maintaining and reviewing records of a conference. The tradeoffs involved in selecting a comprehensible set of commands for these functions are illustrated by the detailed design of a real-time conferencing system for joint editing of documents. Additional keywords: teleconferencing; computer networks.
Synthesis and Advantages of Acid-Labile Formulations for Lipoplexes (2018)

The discovery of drug delivery systems that could carry a biologically active molecule to a targeted tissue and release its payload at the right time and position to mediate an effective therapeutic response has been the subject of intensive research activity. Among available drug delivery tools, liposomes offer many advantages (1). Strategies developed to improve liposomemediated drug delivery include the enhancement of biodistribution (e.g., stability in the bloodstream, targeting speciﬁc tissues or cells) and facilitation of site-speciﬁc delivery (2). Indeed, an ideal carrier should transport its cargo to a speciﬁc tissue and then deliver it efﬁciently. Even though the development of sterically stabilized liposomes (namely ‘‘stealth liposomes’’) (3) and the use of targeting ligands have considerably improved systemic transport efﬁcacy (4), a therapeutically relevant targeted liposomemediated drug delivery system has not yet been developed. One expected property would be a site-speciﬁc destabilization of the liposome, inducing the release of the biologically active molecule where and when necessary to get an optimal biological response.
Utilization of type I collagen gel, demineralized bone matrix, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 to enhance autologous bone lumbar spinal fusion (1997)

Autologous bone grafts are currently considered "gold standard" material for achieving long-term spinal arthrodesis. The present study was performed to determine whether demineralized bone matrix (DBM), type I collagen gels, or bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) can improve autologous bone spinal fusions. Using a unilateral decompression-contralateral fusion technique in dogs, each of these materials was added to an autologous bone graft. Volumetric analysis, histological analysis, and biomechanical testing were performed to assess the effectiveness of each material. The DBM had an inhibitory effect on solid bone fusion of the spine, whereas the type I collagen gels improved the bony interface between the graft and the host spine. The BMP-2 strongly enhanced the amount of bone deposition at the fusion site and increased the number of intervertebral levels that were solidly fused. This study strongly supports the use of BMP-2 as an additive to autologous bone grafts in spine stabilization.
An Optimal Traction Control Scheme for Off-Road Operation of Robotic Vehicles (2007)

Active degrees of freedom provide a robotic vehicle the ability to enhance its performance in all terrain conditions. While active suspension systems are now commonplace in on-road vehicles, their application to off-road terrains has been little investigated. A fundamental component of such an application is a need to translate desired body motion commands into actuator values through the use of proprioceptive algorithms. The diverse nature of the terrains that might be encountered places variable demands upon the operation of the vehicle. This entails the potential use of a diverse set of algorithms designed to optimize mobility and performance. This paper presents a cohesive control scheme designed for the operation of an autonomous vehicle under all conditions. The ideas presented have been tested in simulation, and some have been used extensively in the field