gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Occurrence of Arsenic-Based Defects and Techniques for Their Elimination (2005)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Genetic risk for severe COVID‐19 correlates with lower inflammatory marker levels in a SARS‐CoV‐2‐negative cohort (2021)

Our results support the theory that individuals at risk of severe COVID-19 have a deficient innate immunity marked by reduced levels of inflammatory markers at baseline, including IFN-γ, VEGF-D and TNF-α. We hypothesise that a secondary overactive adaptive immune response may subsequently explain the high levels of cytokines observed in SARS-CoV-2-positive COVID-19 patients.
Human Infection with an Avian H9N2 Influenza A Virus in Hong Kong in 2003 (2005)

Avian H9N2 influenza A virus has caused repeated human infections in Asia since 1998. Here we report that an H9N2 influenza virus infected a 5-year-old child in Hong Kong in 2003. To identify the possible source of the infection, the human isolate and other H9N2 influenza viruses isolated from Hong Kong poultry markets from January to October 2003 were genetically and antigenically characterized. The findings of this study show that the human H9N2 influenza virus, A/Hong Kong/2108/03, is of purely avian origin and is closely related to some viruses circulating in poultry in the markets of Hong Kong. The continued presence of H9N2 influenza viruses in poultry markets in southern China increases the likelihood of avian-to-human interspecies transmission.
Noise parameter modeling for InP-based pseudomorphic HEMTs [InAlAs-InGaAs] (1997)

The effect of electron mobility (/spl mu//sub n/) on noise properties for InP-based pseudomorphic HEMTs has been analyzed based on the impedance field model. The analysis predicts that increasing /spl mu//sub n/ improves the minimum noise figure (F/sub min/) and associated gain not only because the unity current gain cut-off frequency increases but also because the source resistance is reduced. The analysis also predicts that increasing /spl mu//sub n/ reduces the input noise resistance due to higher transconductance but hardly influences the noise-optimum impedance. Furthermore, it is predicted that the decrease in F/sub min/ with increasing /spl mu//sub n/ becomes less significant above 11000 cm/sup 2//Vs due to larger diffusion noise. Calculated results compare well with the measured scattering and noise parameters for In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As(x=0.53, 0.7, and 0.8) channel devices. Similar dependence of noise parameters on /spl mu//sub n/ is shown in the theoretical and experimental results.
Tunable coherent radiation in the soft X-ray and extreme ultraviolet spectral regions (1999)

Undulator radiation, generated by relativistic electrons traversing a periodic magnet structure, can provide a continuously tunable source of very bright and partially coherent radiation in the extreme ultraviolet (EUV), soft X-ray (SXR), and X-ray regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Typically, 1-10 W are radiated within a 1/N relative spectral bandwidth, where N is of order 100. Monochromators are frequently used to narrow the spectral bandwidth and increase the longitudinal coherence length, albeit with a more than proportionate loss of power. Pinhole spatial filtering is employed to provide spatially coherent radiation at a power level determined by the wavelength, electron beam, and undulator parameters. In this paper, experiments are described in which broadly tunable, spatially coherent power is generated at EUV and soft X-ray wavelengths extending from about 3 to 16 nm (80-430-eV photon energies). Spatially coherent power of order 10 /spl mu/W is achieved in a relative spectral bandwidth of 9/spl times/10/sup -4/, with 1.90-GeV electrons traversing an 8-cm period undulator of 55 periods. This radiation has been used in 13.4-nm interferometric tests that achieve an rms wavefront error (departure from sphericity) of /spl lambda//sub euv//330. These techniques scale in a straightforward manner to shorter soft X-ray wavelengths using 4-5-cm period undulators at 1.90 GeV and to X-ray wavelengths of order 0.1 nm using higher energy (6-8 GeV) electron beams at other facilities.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Syntheses and Reactions of Chiral Oxygenated α,. beta.‐Unsaturated γ‐ and δ‐Lactones. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Detection of negative and positive RNA strand of poliovirus Sabin 1 and echovirus E19 by a stem-loop reverse transcription PCR (2017)

Enteroviruses are positive stranded RNA viruses that may cause severe diseases. The conventional method for detection of active viral replication involves virus isolation in sensitive cell cultures followed by titration and seroneutralization. In this report, we describe the use of a stem-loop secondary structured oligonucleotide in RT-PCR assay for the detection of the replicative negative strand of the positive-stranded RNA of poliovirus sabin 1 and E19 strains. This approach proved to be a useful tool that may be used for replacing the time-consuming cell culture assays in order to detect the active replication of enteroviruses.
Label-free cell-based assays using photonic crystal optical biosensors (2011)

Biosensor technologies that have been primarily used in the past for characterizing biomolecular interactions are now being used to develop new approaches for performing cell-based assays. Biosensors monitor cell attachment to a transducer surface, and thus provide information that is fundamentally different from that provided by microscopy, as the sensor is capable of monitoring temporal evolution of integrin-surface interactions that are difficult to measure by other means. Label-free biosensor technologies are especially advantageous for monitoring the behavior of cells because they do not require stains that typically result in cell death, and are not subject to effects such as photobleaching. As a result, cells can be quantitatively monitored in their culture environment over an extended period of time while processes such as proliferation, apoptosis, cytotoxicity, chemotaxis, ion channel activation, and membrane-bound protein activation are modulated by the introduction of a variety of chemical or biological stimuli. This review describes the application of photonic crystal optical biosensor microplates to a variety of cell-based assays. Detection instruments for photonic crystals measure the aggregate behavior of large cell populations, or, using recently developed biosensor imaging detection, independent monitoring of individual cells. These technological developments offer the ability to perform assays with a limited number of available cells for applications such as high throughput screening with primary cells or stem cells.
Dynamic imaging of the growth plate cartilage reveals multiple contributors to skeletal morphogenesis (2015)

The diverse morphology of vertebrate skeletal system is genetically controlled, yet the means by which cells shape the skeleton remains to be fully illuminated. Here we perform quantitative analyses of cell behaviours in the growth plate cartilage, the template for long bone formation, to gain insights into this process. Using a robust avian embryonic organ culture, we employ time-lapse two-photon laser scanning microscopy to observe proliferative cells' behaviours during cartilage growth, resulting in cellular trajectories with a spreading displacement mainly along the tissue elongation axis. We build a novel software toolkit of quantitative methods to segregate the contributions of various cellular processes to the cellular trajectories. We find that convergent-extension, mitotic cell division, and daughter cell rearrangement do not contribute significantly to the observed growth process; instead, extracellular matrix deposition and cell volume enlargement are the key contributors to embryonic cartilage elongation.
SCAN-Lite (2009)

Background data analysis due to virus scanning, backup, and desktop search is increasingly prevalent on client systems. As the number of tools and their resource requirements grow, their impact on foreground workloads can be prohibitive. This creates a tension between users' foreground work and the background work that makes information management possible. We present a system called SCAN-Lite that addresses this tension. SCAN-Lite exploits the fact that data in an enterprise is often replicated to efficiently schedule background data analyses. It uses content hashing to identify duplicate content, and scans each unique piece of content only once. It delays scheduling these scans to increase the likelihood that the content will be replicated on multiple machines, thus providing more choices for where to perform the scan. Furthermore, it prioritizes machines to maximize use of idle time and minimize the impact on foreground activities. We evaluate SCAN-Lite using measurements of enterprise replication behavior. We find that SCAN-Lite significantly improves scanning performance over the naive approach, and that it effectively exploits replication to reduce total work done and the impact on client foreground activity.
Hyperphosphorylation and desensitization of the dopamine D1 receptor in renal proximal tubules in essential hypertension (1999)

The acute vasodilatory effects of insulin are now generally established and it is also possible that insulin resistance reduces this vasodilatory effect. The precise mechanism(s) of insulin-induced vasorelaxation are only partially understood. One possible pathway of insulinmediated vascular effects may be nitric oxide synthase stimulation via elevation of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) in endothelial cells. To further elucidate insulin's effect on this mechanism, we investigated the effect of insulin on bradykinin (BK) induced [Ca"]i responses in cultured human arterial vascular endothelial cells (HAVEC) using the calcium-indicating dye fura2. The effects of insulin (100 mu/ml) on basal and peak BK-induced [Ca*']i (10 PM), as well as on the sustained [Ca"]i response 10 minutes after BK addition were compared. Insulin treatment had no effect on basal calcium levels. Peak BK-induced intracellular calcium was elevated by insulin preincubation compared to vehicle control (152.9k16.7 vs. 144.7h22.2 nM, respectively). Moreover, 10 minutes after BK stimulation [Cal'], remained elevated in the insulin treated group (126.0+12.2 &I), while the control group returned more rapidly towards basal levels (108.9*17.2 nM, p ~0.05). We conclude that insulin may affect BK-induced vasodilatory responses by modulating calcium signaling pathways in HAVEC.
An Interfacial and Bulk Charge Transport Model for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Photoanodes Consisting of Core–Shell Nanowire Arrays (2011)

Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) based on ordered photoanode morphologies, such as nanotubes and nanowires, are widely gaining attention because these geometries are believed to enhance interfacial charge transfer and bulk charge transport. Unfortunately, experimental results have yet to show substantial improvement to conversion efficiency over nanoparticle-based DSSCs. A model is developed to characterize the performance of an idealized photoanode based on an ordered array of transparent conductive nanowires coated with an anatase titania shell. The role of the interfacial electric field in nanowire-based DSSCs is explored computationally by turning electron migration ON or OFF. The results show that back-reaction rates are most strongly influenced by the electric field. These electron loss mechanisms can be reduced by several orders of magnitude, leading to improvements in short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and fill factor.
Gateways for mobile routing in tactical network deployments (2008)

The US Department of Defense (DoD) is developing a Network Centric Warfighting (NCW) capability. Key to the deployment of NCW capabilities is the development of scalable networks supporting end user mobility. Initial network deployments operate either At-The-Halt (ATH) or On-the-Move (OTM) with preplanned movements. This is consistent with current networking capabilities with respect to large scale mobile network capabilities and protocols. However, future architectures and capabilities should allow for more flexible mobility models allowing for more flexible and robust NCW capabilities. We investigate hierarchical network models which are comprised of a high bandwidth, planned mobile core network interconnecting subtending more mobile end user networks. Standard IP routing and name and location services are assumed within the core network. The subtending and mobile end user networks rely upon a highly scalable (from a mobility perspective) Beacon-Based routing architecture. The interface between the core and subtending mobile networks relies upon network concepts being developed within the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), specifically from IPv4 and IPv6 mobility and the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) rendezvous service for mobile networks. We discuss the advantageous of this architecture in terms of mobility, scalability, current DoD network plans and commercial protocol development.
ChemInform Abstract: TRANSITION METALS IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS (1976)

Abstract Ein umfassender Übersichtsartikel über die Verwendung von Übergangsmetallen bei der Veränderung funktioneller Gruppen in der Synthese.
Differential methylation of imprinting genes and MHC locus in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome-related schizophrenia spectrum disorders (2020)

The differential methylation in imprinting genes and in chr6p21-22 indicate the neurodevelopmental nature of 22q11.2DS-related SZ and the major role of MHC locus in the risk to develop SZ.
Thermally induced mode coupling in rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers (2012)

We present a simple semianalytical model of thermally induced mode coupling in multimode rare-earth doped fiber amplifiers. The model predicts that power can be transferred from the fundamental mode to a higher-order mode when the operating power exceeds a certain threshold, and thus provides an explanation of recently reported mode instability in such fiber amplifiers under high average-power operation. We apply our model to a simple step-index fiber design, and investigate how the power threshold depends on various design parameters of the fiber.
Principles of wet chemical processing in ULSI microfabrication (1991)

Fine patterning technology for integrated device manufacturing requires properties such as surface cleanliness, surface smoothness, complete uniformity, and complete etching linearity in wet chemical processing. An improved chemical composition for buffered hydrogen fluoride (BHF:NH/sub 4/F+HF+H/sub 2/O) is determined based on fundamental research into the chemical reaction mechanism of BHF and SiO/sub 2/. Advanced wet chemical processing based on investigation of chemical reaction mechanisms and properties of liquid chemicals, concentrating on the SiO/sub 2/ patterning process by BHF, is described. The principles of wet chemical processing in silicon technology are based on the following: the determination of the dominant reaction (etching) species, the influence of the solubility of the etching products in BHF on etching uniformity and linearity, stability of chemical composition without solid-phase segregation, and an improvement of the wettability of liquid chemicals on the wafer surface by the addition of a surfactant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hypothalamic Hormones (2007)

Alcmaeon, a sixth-century bc physiologist philosopher, introduced the brain as the center of human thinking, organizer of the senses, and coordinator for survival. However, the need for a visible connection between the brain and the rest of the body to explain a rapid and effective way of communication that would maintain homeostasis led Aristotle to the erroneous conclusion that the heart was the central coordinating organ and blood the means of information transmission. In contemporary medicine, the two ancient concepts are integrated in the exciting field of neuroendocrinology. The traditional distinctions between neural (brain) and hormonal (blood) control have become blurred. Endocrine secretions are influenced directly or indirectly by the central nervous system (CNS), and many hormones influence brain function. The hypothalamic-pituitary unit is the mainstay of this nonstop, interactive, and highly efficient connection between the two systems. Its function is mediated by hypothalamic-releasing or hypothalamic-inhibiting hormones, including gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), somatostatin (SRIF), corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), and the neurotransmitter dopamine.
A RF transmitter linearized using Cartesian Feedback in CMOS 65nm for UMTS standard (2011)

A fully CMOS transmitter including a power amplifier (PA) using a Cartesian Feedback (CFB) technique is presented. This system aims at improving the linearity of the transmitter, designed in 65nm CMOS technology from STMicroelectronics, essentially the power amplifier linearity. This transmitter delivers a maximum output power of 23dBm. Thanks to this linearization technique, the ACPR has been improved by 22dB at 5MHz from the carrier.
Laser-writing inside uniaxially birefringent crystals: fine morphology of ultrashort pulse-induced changes in lithium niobate (2016)

This work presents a detailed analysis of the morphology of femtosecond laser-induced changes in bulk lithium niobate (LiNbO<sub>3</sub>) - one of the most common host materials in photonics - using second-harmonic generation microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that focused linearly polarized near-infrared pulses can produce two or three distinct axially separated regions of modified material, depending on whether the pulse propagation is along or perpendicular to the optical axis. When laser writing in LiNbO<sub>3</sub> is conducted in multi-shot irradiation mode and the focused light intensity is kept near the bulk damage threshold, periodic planar nanostructures aligned perpendicular to the laser polarization are produced inside the focal volume. These results provide a new perspective to laser writing in crystalline materials, including the fabrication of passive and active waveguides, photonic crystals, and optical data storage devices.
CREB serine 133 is necessary for spatial cognitive flexibility and long-term potentiation (2022)

The transcription factor cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) is widely regarded as orchestrating the genomic response that underpins a range of physiological functions in the central nervous system, including learning and memory. Of the means by which CREB can be regulated, emphasis has been placed on the phosphorylation of a key serine residue, S133, in the CREB protein, which is required for CREB-mediated transcriptional activation in response to a variety of activity-dependent stimuli. Understanding the role of CREB S133 has been complicated by molecular genetic techniques relying on over-expression of either dominant negative or activating transgenes that may distort the physiological role of endogenous CREB. A more elegant recent approach targeting S133 in the endogenous CREB gene has yielded a mouse with constitutive replacement of this residue with alanine (S133A), but has generated results (no behavioural phenotype and no effect on gene transcription) at odds with contemporary views as to the role of CREB S133, and which may reflect compensatory changes associated with the constitutive mutation. To avoid this potential complication, we generated a post-natal and forebrain-specific CREB S133A mutant in which the expression of the mutation was under the control of CaMKIIα promoter. Using male and female mice we show that CREB S133 is necessary for spatial cognitive flexibility, the regulation of basal synaptic transmission, and for the expression of long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal area CA1. These data point to the importance of CREB S133 in neuronal function, synaptic plasticity and cognition in the mammalian brain.
(001)-Textured Cu2S Thin Films Deposited by RF Reactive Sputtering (2002)

Cu2S thin films were deposited on float glass substrates by radio frequency reactive sputtering. X-ray diffraction measurements, including grazing incidence geometry, showed that the sputtered Cu2S films had hexagonal structure with a strong (001) fiber texture. The thickness, surface density and roughness of the sputtered layers were characterized by X-ray reflectivity. Scanning electron microscopy from both top view and cross section revealed good morphology and uniform microstructure of the sputtered films. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis were used to examine the composition of the films. By the optical transmission measurements, the indirect and direct band gaps of the films were estimated to be 1.19 and 1.82 eV, respectively.
31.2 A 0.9V 28MHz Dual-RC Frequency Reference with 5pJ/Cycle and ±200 ppm Inaccuracy from -40°C to 85°C (2021)

Wireless sensor nodes in battery-powered internet-of-things (IoT) applications require a stable on-chip frequency reference with low energy (<; 10pJ/cycle) and high frequency stability (below ±300ppm). CMOS RC frequency references are promising due to their low-cost integration and high energy efficiency [1-5]. Conventional RC references, however, achieve only moderate accuracy (a few %) due to the large temperature coefficient (TC) of on-chip resistors [3]. First-order TC compensation can be achieved by combining resistors with complementary TCs [1,2]. Although this is energy efficient (<; 6pJ/cycle), it only partially compensates for the resistors' high-order TCs, limiting the resulting accuracy to about ±500ppm. Better accuracy (±100ppm [4]) can be achieved by using the output of a digital temperature sensor (TS) to perform a polynomial correction of the phase-shift (μp,T) of an RC filter (Fig. 31.2.1). Alternatively, the phaseshifts (μP and μN) of two RC filters with complementary TCs can be linearized (TP and TN) and combined in the digital domain. Such dual-RC frequency references can also achieve good accuracy (±200ppm [5]). However, both architectures employ an analog phase-domain ΔΣ modulator (Φ-ΔΣM) for each RC filter, which consumes significant energy (25pJ/cycle [4] and 107pJ/cycle [5]) and area (0.3mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> [4] and 1.65mm2 [5]).
<title>Cophasing methods for segmented mirrors</title> (2000)

The results of a number of research projects related to the phasing of segmented telescope primaries are presented. The behavior of a segmented mirror controlled using edge position sensors is examined using the results of a numerical simulation. The performance of a novel approach to the optical sensing of piston differences is analyzed. The effect of segmented manufacturing errors on both the phasing control system and telescope performances is discussed. Finally, a concept for an `autonomous segment mirror' is presented and its feasibility assessed.