gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pathway engineering and organism development for ethanol production from cellulosic biomass using thermophilic bacteria (1995)

Thermophilic bacteria collectively exemplify organisms that produce both cellulose and ethanol while fermenting both the cellulose and hemicellulose components of biomass. As a result, thermophiles could be the basis for highly streamlined and cost-effective processes for production of renewable fuels and chemicals. Recent research results involving ethanol production from thermophilic bacteria will be presented, with a primary focus on work pursuant to molecularly-based pathway engineering to increase ethanol selectivity. Specifically, we will describe the restriction endonuclease systems operative in Clostridium thermocellum and C. thermosaccharolyticum, as well as efforts to document and improve transformation of these organisms and to clone key catabolic enzymes. In addition, selected results from fermentation studies will be presented as necessary in order to present a perspective on the status of thermophilic ethanol production.
Localization of Luteinizing Hormone Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression in Ovarian Cell Types during Follicle Development and Ovulation* (1991)

The action of LH is mediated through specific plasma membrane receptors that are both up- and down-regulated in the ovary during the reproductive cycle. Using immature rats treated with PMSG and hCG as a model system, we have studied the regulation and distribution of LH receptor mRNA in different cell types during follicle development, ovulation, and luteinization by Northern blot and in situ hybridization. In untreated rats, LH receptor mRNA was below the detection level in granulosa cells, cumulus cells, and oocytes, while low levels of LH receptor mRNA were found in the thecal cells. After stimulation with PMSG, expression of LH receptor mRNA was enhanced in the thecal-interstitial cells, while a more dramatic increase in receptor mRNA abundance took place in granulosa cells of large tertiary follicles. In these follicles, the abundance of LH receptor mRNA varied among different subpopulations of granulosa cells, with mural granulosa cells close to the basement membrane exhibiting higher levels than granulosa cells located closer to the antrum, and cumulus cells and the oocyte lacking detectable hybridization signal. The uneven expression of LH receptor mRNA endows different ovarian cells with varying hormonal responsiveness. After an ovulatory dose of hCG, LH receptor mRNA levels were dramatically decreased, particularly in the granulosa cells of preovulatory follicles, to reach the lowest levels just before ovulation. During the transformation of ovulated follicles into corpora lutea, the expression of LH receptor message was again increased. Our results reveal that the previously documented regulation of the LH receptor-binding activity during ovarian development correlates with expression of the LH receptor transcripts, suggesting that the LH receptor gene is regulated in a complex manner during the periovulatory period to achieve cell-specific expression together with gonadotropin induction and suppression of receptor gene activity.
A novel radio-frequency plasma probe for monitoring systems in dielectric deposition processes (2012)

This paper presents a novel industry compatible plasma probe for monitoring systems in dielectric deposition processes. The probe is based on the so called active plasma resonance spectroscopy and allows an extensive evaluation of different important plasma parameters, needed for the supervision and control of the plasma deposition process. Due to its assembly, the probe is insensitive against additional dielectric coating. Hence, the measurement performance is not affected. 3D-electromagnetic field simulations of the probe in a pseudo plasma deposition process, as well as the measurement with a prototype in a real deposition process show a good agreement with the expected behaviour and confirm the applicability of the probe as a monitoring tool for dielectric deposition processes.
Microtiter Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Immunoglobulin G Cholera Antitoxin in Humans: Sensitivity and Specificity (1980)

Serum samples were obtained from 92 informed, community volunteers before and 10, 21, and 28 days after they ingested 10(3) to 10(6)Vibrio cholerae of Inaba or Ogawa serotype and classical or El Tor biotype as part of a cholera vaccine development program. Pre- and postchallenge sera were examined for neutralizing antibody to cholera toxin by the rabbit skin permeability factor and adrenal cell techniques. Immunoglobulin G-binding antibodies to cholera toxin were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in serum diluted 1:200. The results obtained in these cholera volunteers were compared with a negative control population comprising 30 people who ingested enteropathogenic Escherichia coli or E. coli which produced heat-stable but not heat-labile enterotoxin. Although all three antitoxin assays correlated closely with each other in both groups of volunteers, ELISA was more sensitive than either neutralization assay in detecting both subclinical and overt cholera infections. Seroconversion was demonstrated by ELISA in 58 of 66 (88%) volunteers who excreted V. cholerae, including 50 of 54 (93%) with clinical cholera, compared with 47 of 66 (71%) and 52 of 66 (79%) by the rabbit skin permeability factor and adrenal cell techniques, respectively. Although ELISA does not measure the toxin-neutralizing activity of antibodies directly, it provides a practical alternative to the rabbit skin permeability factor and adrenal cell assays.
40.1: Invited Paper : Active Matrix Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFT / OLED Full Color Displays: Development Status (2000)

Abstract In October 1999, Eastman Kodak and Sanyo Electric jointly announced the development of a high quality, 2.4 inch diagonal Full Color active matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) display. This technology demonstration resulted from the successful integration of Kodak's organic electroluminescence display technology and Sanyo's low temperature polysilicon TFT technology. Commercial samples are expected to reach the market in 2001. The active matrix OLED displays feature a wider viewing angle and a faster response speed than conventional LCDs. With its low power consumption, high brightness and thin design, these OLED displays when incorporated in digital cameras, personal digital assistants (PDA), videophones and other portable imaging devices, will offer a superior value proposition to consumer electronics products. Several OLED display designs are under development now to serve various market segments. This paper will summarize the status of active matrix full color OLED display development, the key technical challenges, and the path ahead.
Printed diodes operating at mobile phone frequencies (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Hydrogen effects on crystallinity, photoluminescence, and magnetization of indium tin oxide thin films sputter‐deposited on glass substrate without heat treatment (2009)

Abstract Indium tin oxide (ITO) thin films were sputter deposited by using working gas containing hydrogen on glass substrate without any heat treatments. The films demonstrated X‐ray diffraction due to polycrystalline ITO, blue‐green photoluminescence (PL) due to oxygen defects in nano‐structured ITO crystals, and paramagnetic behaviour in temperature dependence of magnetization overlapped with diamagnetic signal from the substrate. The carrier density n of the films was of the order of 10 20 cm −3 , and varied as an inverse of V‐character with the hydrogen concentration [H] in the gas. The n value peaked at [H] = 1%. Spectral features at ≈430 and ≈470 nm of the PL emission were invariant with [H]. The order of the density of electrons N with spins obeying the Curie law was 10 23 cm −3 , and the variation in N with [H] was almost parallel to that in n with [H].
Carbon-13 chemical shielding in ammonium hydrogen oxalate hemihydrate (1975)

We have measured the two 13C chemical shift tensors in single crystals of ammonium hydrogen oxalate hemihydrate, NH4HC2O4⋅ (1/2)H2O, using solid state double resonance techniques. One of the two types of tensors in the unit cell, the one belonging to the ionic carboxyl group, is oriented with its least shield component σ11 within 6° of the C–C bond, while the other tensor, belonging to the protonated carboxyl group, has its σ11 twisted 24° off this bond. Both tensors have σ33 perpendicular to the oxalate plane. Protonation of the carboxyl group does not affect the shifts of the σ11 and σ33 tensor elements, but it does move the σ22 component in the direction of increased shielding. Implications of the orientation of these tensors to crystal and molecular structure determination are discussed.
Real-World Treatment Patterns and Clinical Outcomes in Canadian Patients With AML Unfit for First-Line Intensive Chemotherapy (2022)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a hematological malignancy that predominantly affects the elderly. Prognosis declines with age. For those who cannot tolerate intensive chemotherapy, historically established treatment options have been hypomethylating agents (HMAs), low dose cytarabine (LDAC), and best supportive care (BSC). As the standard of care evolves for those unfit for intensive chemotherapy, there is a need to understand established treatment pathways, clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in Canada. The CURRENT study was a retrospective chart review of AML patients not eligible for intensive chemotherapy who initiated first-line treatment between 1 January 2015 and 31 December 2018. Data were collected from 170 Canadian patients treated at six hematology centers, of whom 118 received systemic therapy and 52 received BSC as first-line treatment. Median overall survival was 8.58 months and varied from 2.96 months for BSC to 13.31 months for HMAs. Over 80% of patients had at least one outpatient visit, and 67% of patients receiving systemic therapy and 71% of those receiving BSC had at least one admission to hospital, during their first line of therapy. A total of 96 (81.4%) patients receiving first line systemic therapy and 39 (75.0%) of those receiving first line BSC had at least one red blood cell or platelet transfusion. These findings highlight the unmet need for novel therapies for patients ineligible for intensive chemotherapy.
Naphthalene-containing polymers and methods of making the same (2023)

The present disclosure relates to a dimer that includes a first hydroxyl-functionalized naphthalene group and a second hydroxyl-functionalized naphthalene group, where the first hydroxyl-functionalized naphthalene group and the second hydroxyl-functionalized naphthalene group are connected by a bridging group. The present disclosure also relates to a polymer synthesized using the dimer, as well as methods for synthesizing both the dimer and the polymer.
Simvastatin increases temozolomide‐induced cell death by targeting the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes (2019)

Temozolomide (TMZ) is a chemotherapy agent used to treat Grade IV astrocytoma, also known as glioblastoma (GBM). TMZ treatment causes DNA damage that results in tumor cell apoptosis and increases the survival rate of GBM patients. However, chemoresistance as a result of TMZ-induced autophagy significantly reduces this anticancer effects over time. Statins are competitive inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of the mevalonate (MEV) cascade. Statins are best known for their cholesterol (CH)-lowering effect. Long-term consumption of statins, prior to and in parallel with other cancer therapeutic approaches, has been reported to increase the survival rate of patients with various forms of cancers. In this study, we investigated the potentiation of TMZ-induced apoptosis by simvastatin (Simva) in human GBM cell lines and patient GBM cells, using cell monolayers and three-dimensional cell culture systems. The incubation of cells with a combination of Simva and TMZ resulted in a significant increase in apoptotic cells compared to cells treated with TMZ alone. Incubation of cells with CH or MEV cascade intermediates failed to compensate the decrease in cell viability induced by the combined Simva and TMZ treatment. Simva treatment inhibited the autophagy flux induced by TMZ by blocking autophago-lysosome formation. Our results suggest that Simva sensitizes GBM cells to TMZ-induced cell death in a MEV cascade-independent manner and identifies the inhibition of autophagosome-lysosome fusion as a promising therapeutic strategy in the treatment of GBM.
Advanced write heads for high density and high data rate recording (2002)

Advanced write head designs improve write efficiency by reducing yoke length to less than 15 /spl mu/m, adapting a sunken coil/P1 pedestal structure with stitched pole, and utilizing high moment poles with greater than 2 T moment. Sufficient bit-error rate was achieved up to 680 kBPI using heads with 50-60 GB/in/sup 2/ dimensions. For wider track width heads, spin-stand testing showed good writing parametrics and soft error rate up to 1.0-1.1 Gb/s channel data rate, with product electronics and channels. The feasibility of high-speed recording up to 1.5 Gb/s is demonstrated using experimental write drivers.
Orgotein in Radiation Treatment of Bladder Cancer: A report on allergic reactions and lack of radioprotective effect (1987)

The possible protective effect of orgotein (a superoxide dismutase) on radiation cystitis and proctitis was studied in patients with carcinoma of the urinary bladder. A double-blind study in 60 patients was planned but due to unacceptable side effects only 30 patients were included. Radiation treatment was given with curative intent at a dose of 63 Gy in 30 fractions. Orgotein was injected 15 min after each daily radiation treatment at a dose of 4 or 8 mg. No effect of orgotein on tumour radiation response or on the acute radiation reactions in the bladder and rectum was detected. Marked subcutaneous infiltration and redness was seen at the local injection site in 5 patients. No general symptoms were observed. Intradermal tests and antibody titration tests showed that the local reactions were due to allergic reactions to the drug itself. The lack of radioprotective effect and the high frequency of unacceptable side effects makes orgotein an unsuitable drug in clinical radiation therapy.
[General cardiocirculatory effects in chronic respiratory insufficiency]. (1986)

Blood gas and haemodynamic changes caused by chronic respiratory insufficiency affect the right ventricle and produce chronic cor pulmonale. Equally important but less well known modifications affect the left ventricle and the general circulation and are the subject of the present report. Hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis caused by severe hypoxia create functional disturbances in both ventricles that are manifested in a volume overload that added to other major malfunctions provoke congestive heart failure. The coronary circulation is affected by metabolic factors, perfusion alterations, right ventricular hypertrophy and concomitant coronary lesions. Advanced respiratory insufficiency caused by poorly compensated respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis reduces cardiac output and frequency so that tissue perfusion is compromised. Furthermore alterations in transmembrane electrolytic concentrations produce repeated multifocal ventricular arrhythmias that expose the patient to the risk of sudden death. Cardiac failure is reflected in other organs like the kidney and the central nervous system and also contributes to tissue and cerebral hypoxia. The later depresses the respiratory centres and develops into often irreversible coma. A better knowledge of these elements may contribute to the development of appropriate treatment.
On Decoding Rank-Metric Codes Over Large Fields (2017)

A decoding algorithm is presented for a rank-metric array codes that are based on diagonal interleaving of maximum-distance separable codes. With respect to this metric, such array codes are known to be optimal when the underlying field is algebraically closed. It is also shown that for any list decoding radius that is smaller than the minimum rank distance, the list size can be bounded from above by an expression that is independent of the field.
Low complexity Moore-Penrose inverse for large CoMP areas with sparse massive MIMO channel matrices (2016)

Joint transmission coordinated multipoint (JT CoMP) has been identified as a potential differentiator for future 5G radio systems due to its superior interference mitigation capabilities. Further, the combination with massive multiple-input-multiple-output (mMIMO) when a set of fixed grid of beams is used at eNodeB results in sparse overall channel matrices with a relatively low number of relevant channel components, which reduces the feedback overhead for reporting of channel state information (CSI). Although JT CoMP faces several challenges from synchronization to CSI outdating, in this paper the focus will be on complexity reduction of the precoding over large clustered cells utilizing massive MIMO. It will be derived how the typical sparse number of relevant channel components per user equipment can be exploited to reduce the number of floating point operations (FLOPs) by a factor of ten compared to state-of-the-art solutions for the calculation of the Moore Penrose pseudo inverse of the channel matrix.
Substance Use, Suicidality and Adolescent-onset Schizoprenia - an Israeli Ten-year Retrospective Study (2009)

Objective: To investigate the link between the use of specific types of substances and suicidality in adolescent inpatients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Methods: We performed a ten-year naturalistic retrospective study of 178 adolescent inpatients diagnosed as suffering from either schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. A comparison was made between the suicide-attempting adolescent inpatients and the non-attempting subjects, by the use of specific types of substances, measurements of psychotic, depressive and aggressive symptoms and clinical data reported during their hospitalization. Results: The suicide attempters reported considerably greater usage of inhalants and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD). Alcohol and methylene-dioxy-methylamphethamine (MDMA) were also used significantly more by this group. However, no differences were found in the usage of cannabis, amphethamines, cocaine and opiates. The suicide attempting patients were found to have had more previous psychiatric admissions, a greater level of deliberate self-harm behavior and a higher level of suicide ideation, but rather a decreased severity of psychotic symptoms. Conclusions: This study is the first report of the association between specific types of substances and suicidality in the high-risk population of adolescent psychotic inpatients. The strong association between inhalants, LSD, alcohol and MDMA with suicidality is relevant to suicide prevention and intervention programs in adolescent-onset schizophrenia.
Cationic Twin Polymerization Versus Simultaneous Polymerization of Titanium Compounds to Fabricate Nanostructured Organic Polymer/TiO2 Hybrid Materials (2013)

Abstract The formation of related polymer/TiO 2 nanocomposites is studied using two alternative synthetic procedures. The triflic acid anhydride‐catalyzed twin‐polymerization (TP) of (μ 4 ‐oxido)‐hexakis(μ‐furan‐2‐methoxo)‐octakis(furan‐2‐methoxo)‐tetratitanium ( 1) and (μ 4 ‐oxido)‐hexakis(μ‐thiophene‐2‐methoxo)‐octakis(thiophene‐2‐methoxo)‐tetratitanium ( 2) , is studied in comparison to the simultaneous polymerization (SP) of titantetraisopropylate [Ti(O i Pr) 4 ] with the corresponding furan‐ or thiophenemethanol, furfuryl alcohol (FA) and thienyl alcohol (TA), respectively. Both the TP of 1 and 2 produces nanostructured polyFA/TiO 2 or polyTA/TiO 2 hybrid materials. magnified image
New Hull-Voxel Approach to Image Reconstruction from Limited Projections and Views (2006)

Abstract. We discuss the problem of image reconstruction from limited views and sparse projections in order to achieve a more accurate diagnosis of the patient’s morphology. As a priori assumption we demand that the object consists of regions with constant attenuation coefficient. Hereby, the number of such regions is not restricted. The dual-phase reconstruction concept is a new method based on this a priori information and thus allows counterbalancing for to the lack of projections data. In the first reconstruction phase the Bayesian approach is applied while at the second phase the so called hull-voxel iteration technique is developed which provides the iterative fitting of region surfaces by global optimization. The results are evaluated based on simulated Shepp-Logan and experimental medical phantoms respectively.
Fabrication of 3D concentric amphiphilic microparticles to form uniform nanoliter reaction volumes for amplified affinity assays (2020)

Reactions performed in uniform microscale volumes have enabled numerous applications in the analysis of rare entities (e.g. cells and molecules). Here, highly monodisperse aqueous droplets are formed by simply mixing microscale multi-material particles, consisting of concentric hydrophobic outer and hydrophilic inner layers, with oil and water. The particles are manufactured in batch using a 3D printed device to co-flow four concentric streams of polymer precursors which are polymerized with UV light. The cross-sectional shapes of the particles are altered by microfluidic nozzle design in the 3D printed device. Once a particle encapsulates an aqueous volume, each "dropicle" provides uniform compartmentalization and customizable shape-coding for each sample volume to enable multiplexing of uniform reactions in a scalable manner. We implement an enzymatically-amplified immunoassay using the dropicle system, yielding a detection limit of <1 pM with a dynamic range of at least 3 orders of magnitude. Multiplexing using two types of shape-coded particles was demonstrated without cross talk, laying a foundation for democratized single-entity assays.
Single separation analysis for clustered-dot halftones (2016)

The goal of this paper is to investigate the effect of choosing a certain halftone screen on image graininess development and to establish the metrics for image graininess in high-end digital printing technologies. With the obtained knowledge, our model helps us choose the optimal periodicity matrices for designing regular or irregular clustered dot halftones. The main advantage of the proposed model lies in predicting the graininess ratios based solely on the periodicity matrix. We conduct an in-depth Fourier analysis, which exposes to us all the details regarding the spectrum of a desired halftone screen. Hence, at this stage of the design process, there is no need to generate the halftone screens themselves.
High-Performance and Moisture-Stable Cellulose–Starch Nanocomposites Based on Bioinspired Core–Shell Nanofibers (2015)

Moisture stability and brittleness are challenges for plant fiber biocomposites intended for load-bearing applications, for instance those based on an amylopectin-rich (AP) starch matrix. Core-shell amylopectin-coated cellulose nanofibers and nanocomposites are prepared to investigate effects from the distribution of AP matrix. The core-shell nanocomposites are compared with nanocomposites with more irregular amylopectin (AP) distribution. Colloidal properties (DLS), AP adsorption, nanofiber dimensions (atomic force microscopy), and nanocomposite structure (transmission electron microscopy) are analyzed. Tensile tests are performed at different moisture contents. The core-shell nanofibers result in exceptionally moisture stable, ductile, and strong nanocomposites, much superior to reference CNF/AP nanocomposites with more irregular AP distribution. The reduction in AP properties is less pronounced as the AP forms a favorable interphase around individual CNF nanofibers.