gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Power Plant Model Parameter Calibration Using Conditional Variational Autoencoder (2021)

Accurate models of power plants play an important role in maintaining the reliable and secure grid operations. In this paper, we propose a synchrophasor measurement-based generator parameter calibration method by a novel deep learning method with high computational efficiency. An elementary effects-based approach is developed to identify the critical parameters from a nonlinear system with much better performance than the widely used trajectory sensitivity-based method. Then, synchrophasor measurement-based conditional variational autoencoder is developed to estimate the parameters’ posterior distributions even in the presence of a high-dimensional case with eighteen critical parameters to be calibrated. The effectiveness of the proposed method is validated for a hydro generator with a very detailed model. The results show that the proposed approach can accurately and efficiently estimate the generator parameters’ posterior distributions even when the parameters true values are not in support of the prior distribution.
Preliminary Optical, Thermal and Structural Design of a 100 kWth CSPonD Beam-down On-sun Demonstration Plant (2015)

An innovative concept in which a single-tank molten salt thermal energy storage arrangement also acts as a volumetric receiver is being developed in connection with the CSPonD2 (Concentrated Solar Power on Demand Demonstration) project. The tank is located at the focal point of a beam-down tower to act as both solar energy receiver and thermal energy storage. The relatively small angle subtended by rays emanating from the central reflector of a beam down optical system, together with the nature of solar energy absorption within the volumetric receiver, make use of a compound parabolic concentrator (CPC) or CPC-like final optical element attractive. An effective concentration of about 4 can be achieved to increase solar flux at the tank aperture from 150 to 600 suns. This paper describes preliminary designs of the CPC and tank/receiver. Optical simulations reveal that, for a given solar incident power at the tank aperture, a conical final concentrator design produces a more uniform flux distribution with better axial alignment (lower average horizontal component) of rays at its outlet compared to a conventional CPC of revolution. However the cone may require a larger outlet radius, leading to higher thermal losses through the tank aperture. With the current design of the tank, the losses through the walls correspond to 5.5% of the thermal capacity. To maximize the tank thermal efficiency, a thorough investigation will be carried out, starting with measurements of the molten salt emissivity, to determine the cone outlet radius/tank aperture and cone height that achieve maximum system efficiency with a 250-550 °C molten salt working temperature range.
Integration of Cryo-FIB-SEM Imaging into Dynamic Thermo-fluidic Experimentation: Applications to Multifunctional Nanoengineered Surface Design (2014)

Cryogenic FIB-SEM is typically applied for milling and imaging of samples that are static in nature prior to cryopreservation, e.g. cells [1], sunscreen In contrast, here new routes of integrating cryo-FIB-SEM imaging into dynamic thermo-fluidic experimentation outside the microscope are described. This approach enables cross-sectional and 3D nanoscale imaging of different stages of "macro" experiments (e.g. condensation, frost or ice-growth). To perform these experiments, cryo-FIB-SEM sample holders (i.e. stubs and "shuttles") are transformed of into experimental platforms compatible with rapid cryopreservation. Plunge-freezing in liquid nitrogen slush is used to "stop" the dynamic experiment at desired stages. From technical standpoint, this task often requires building of a setup that balances contradictory processes, for example, avoiding flooding of transfer rod-shuttle connection while condensing droplets on a sample. To directly correlate "macro" and "nano" imaging, an optical microscope is also incorporated into the experimental setup. Dependent on the specific problem, multiple processing steps after cryopreservation within liquid nitrogen or the transfer chamber can be performed to reveal the desired interface. Here three case studies that utilize variations of this approach to determine underlying nanoscale mechanisms of various surface phenomena occurring on nanotextured superhydrophobic (SHS) and hybrid solid-liquid omniphobic lubricant-impregnated surfaces (LIS) are briefly described.
Liquid-Crystalline Electronic Polymers for Transistors (2006)

Organic semiconductive polymers promise to revolutionalize the production of low-cost electronics if materials with sufficient performance can be produced. A critical element of any logic circuit is the transistor, and the generating materials that assemble spontaneously into structures with high performance are an important goal. This contribution reports an electronic polymer that can be processed in a liquid-crystalline state and displays high carrier mobility that enables transistors to function at higher speeds. The performance of this system exceeds previous polymer systems and rivals the best small-molecule crystalline devices.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and 5α‐Reductase Inhibitory Activity of 8‐Substituted Benzo[f]quinolinones Derived from Palladium Mediated Coupling Reactions. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Carrier envelope phase locking of an in-line, low-noise Er fiber system (2004)

Carrier envelope phase locking of a frequency comb based on an in-line low-noise Er fiber system is demonstrated. The repetition rate and the carrier envelope offset frequency are locked by two phase locked loops over several hours.
A Telemonitoring and Hybrid Virtual Coaching Solution “CAir” for Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)

DERR1-10.2196/20412.
Control Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions and robust stabilization of time delay systems (2001)

Motivated by control Lyapunov functions and Razumikhin theorems on stability of time delay systems, we introduce the concept of control Lyapunov-Razumikhin functions (CLRF). The main reason for considering CLRFs is construction of robust stabilizing control laws for time delay systems. Most existing universal formulas that apply to CLFs, are not applicable to CLRFs. It turns out that the domination redesign control law applies, achieving global practical stability and, under an additional assumption, global asymptotic stability. This additional assumption is satisfied in the practically important case when the quadratic part of a CLRF is itself a CLRF for the Jacobian linearization of the system. The CLRF based domination redesign possesses robustness to input unmodeled dynamics including an infinite gain margin. While, in general, construction of CLRFs is an open problem, we show that for several classes of time delay systems a CLRF can be constructed in a systematic way.
Genexpressionsanalyse komplexer klinischer Phänotypen mittels cDNS-Arrays (Gene Expression Profiling of Complex Clinical Phenotypes using cDNA-Arrays) (2004)

Zusammenfassung In einer genomweiten Genexpressionsstudie wurden normale und fehlgebildete menschliche Herzen mittels cDNS-Arrays untersucht. Statistische und bioinformatische Methoden wurden benutzt, um gewebe- und krankheitsspezifische Genexpressionsmuster zu identifizieren und funktionelle Genkategorien mit bestimmten Phänotypen zu assoziieren.
Evasion of cGAS and TRIM5 defines pandemic HIV (2022)

Of the 13 known independent zoonoses of simian immunodeficiency viruses to humans, only one, leading to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1(M) has become pandemic, causing over 80 million human infections. To understand the specific features associated with pandemic human-to-human HIV spread, we compared replication of HIV-1(M) with non-pandemic HIV-(O) and HIV-2 strains in myeloid cell models. We found that non-pandemic HIV lineages replicate less well than HIV-1(M) owing to activation of cGAS and TRIM5-mediated antiviral responses. We applied phylogenetic and X-ray crystallography structural analyses to identify differences between pandemic and non-pandemic HIV capsids. We found that genetic reversal of two specific amino acid adaptations in HIV-1(M) enables activation of TRIM5, cGAS and innate immune responses. We propose a model in which the parental lineage of pandemic HIV-1(M) evolved a capsid that prevents cGAS and TRIM5 triggering, thereby allowing silent replication in myeloid cells. We hypothesize that this capsid adaptation promotes human-to-human spread through avoidance of innate immune response activation.
Initiating long-term modernization programs in low-technology manufacturing environments (1990)

In this paper, a planning approach is discussed for initiating and expediting modernization efforts in manufacturing environments. The approach consists of six major steps. First, staff employees from a variety of functional organizations are involved in modernization planning activities through the formation of site modernization teams used to organize and facilitate modernization planning activities. Second, initial planning exercises are expedited by identifying high-priority areas for improvement through a functional assessment. Third, data acquired from the initial assessment described above are used as input to a strategic planning workshop aimed at building managerial support for modernization plans and integrating the plant's strategic objectives with its operational modernization plan. Fourth, the site modernization team receives training in the specific modernization technologies to aid them in the selection, design, implementation and maintenance of the appropriate modernization technology. Fifth, as a means for initiating modernization efforts, the planning approach produces preliminary versions of action-oriented implementation plans thus enabling improvement actions to begin more quickly. Sixth, an overall cost-benefit analysis is done to assess the feasibility of modernization projects. Finally, by meeting the above objectives, the approach provides a foundation for future modernization efforts. Results from implementing this methodology in six manufacturing environments are discussed along with a review of benefits of the approach. 11 refs., 1 fig.
Ultrafast intersubband relaxation in GaN/AlN MQWs (Invited Paper) (2005)

We have investigated the ultrafast relaxation dynamics of intersubband transition (ISBT) in GaN/AlN, using a two-color pump-probe technique, in a wide energy range around the optical communication wavelength. We suggest that the origin of the signal depends on the relation between the pump and probe pulse energies. We have observed an ultrafast induced absorption signal and a slow negative component which are due to the absorption of electrons during <i>intra</i>-subband scattering and a carrier cooling process with a hot-phonon effect, respectively. Moreover, we clarify the origin of the inhomogeneous broadening width of the ISBT and of the intrinsic absorption width of ISBT from the detailed analyses of the result. We have reproduced the relaxation dynamics by a numerical calculation to confirm this interpretation of ISBT relaxation dynamics.
In Situ Formed Ir3Li Nanoparticles as Active Cathode Material in Li–Oxygen Batteries (2019)

Lithium-oxygen (Li-O<sub>2</sub>) batteries are a promising class of rechargeable Li batteries with a potentially very high achievable energy density. One of the major challenges for Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries is the high charge overpotential, which results in a low energy efficiency. In this work size-selected subnanometer Ir clusters are used to investigate cathode materials that can help control lithium superoxide formation during discharge, which has good electronic conductivity needed for low charge potentials. It is found that Ir particles can lead to lithium superoxide formation as the discharge product with Ir particle sizes of ∼1.5 nm giving the lowest charge potentials. During discharge these 1.5 nm Ir nanoparticles surprisingly evolve to larger ones while incorporating Li to form core-shell structures with Ir<sub>3</sub>Li shells, which probably act as templates for growth of lithium superoxide during discharge. Various characterization techniques including DEMS, Raman, titration, and HRTEM are used to characterize the LiO<sub>2</sub> discharge product and the evolution of the Ir nanoparticles. Density functional calculations are used to provide insight into the mechanism for formation of the core-shell Ir<sub>3</sub>Li particles. The <i>in situ</i> formed Ir<sub>3</sub>Li core-shell nanoparticles discovered here provide a new direction for active cathode materials that can reduce charge overpotentials in Li-O<sub>2</sub> batteries.
A three dimensional guidance system for frameless stereotactic neurosurgery (2003)

A computer-based tool is being developed to assist neurosurgeons in both preoperative planning and surgery. This tool is called the Stereotaxic Planning and Surgery System (SPSS). SPSS utilizes a localization device coupled with two-dimensional and three-dimensional visualization techniques, and it provides useful information to the surgeon when locating and removing diseased tissue. With SPSS, a new surgical technique referred to as guided frameless stereotaxic surgery is also being developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Uninterpreted modeling using the VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL) (2003)

The authors discuss methodologies and tools that allow a system to be analyzed using Petri nets or queuing models. Models at this level contain tokens rather than values, and the function of blocks remains undefined. Such analysis is performed early in the design process to evaluate overall system performance. Different methodologies and tools are available to allow design analysis and verification at interpreted levels through hardware design language (HDL) descriptions. Tokens are replaced with specific values for the representation of signals. The methodology presented allows the designer to create uninterpreted models in an environment already capable of interpreted modeling, the VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL). Uninterpreted modeling in an HDL is the first step in the creation of a continuous single-path design environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Depth-Based, Motion-Stabilized Colorization of Microscope-Integrated Optical Coherence Tomography Volumes for Microscope-Independent Microsurgery (2018)

Novel depth-based colorization and stabilization technology improves the use of intraoperative MIOCT.
Correcting method for mechanical vibration in electron-beam lithography system (1997)

In electron beam lithography (EBL), mechanical vibration is an important factor degrading positioning accuracy. We propose a new method to correct for mechanical vibration to improve this accuracy and investigate the effectiveness of this method in a nanometer EBL system. First, the natural frequencies and modes were investigated by experimental modal analysis. The analysis clarified that the beam positioning error in each natural frequency is identified by the vibration amplitude of each natural mode. So, the real-time correction is performed in the following way. Mechanical vibration is sensed with accelerometer at the top of the electron optical column. Then a correction signal is produced by filtering the natural frequencies from the vibration signal, and then, by adjusting the gain and phase of the through signal. Lastly, the correction signal is sent to the deflector. In experiments, to evaluate the effectiveness, we exposed patterns under the constant mechanical excitation. With the vibration amplitude 130 nm at the top of the column, the pattern positioning error was reduced from 60 nm to within 10 nm by the correction. These results indicate that this correction method is a valuable means of improving the positioning accuracy.
All bone metastases are not created equal: Revisiting treatment resistance in renal cell carcinoma (2021)

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the most common malignancy of the kidney, representing 80-90% of renal neoplasms, and is associated with a five-year overall survival rate of approximately 74%. The second most common site of metastasis is bone. As patients are living longer due to new RCC targeting agents and immunotherapy, RCC bone metastases (RCCBM) treatment failure is more prevalent. Bone metastasis formation in RCC is indicative of a more aggressive disease and worse prognosis. Osteolysis is a prominent feature and causes SRE, including pathologic fractures. Bone metastasis from other tumors such as lung, breast, and prostate cancer, are more effectively treated with bisphosphonates and denosumab, thereby decreasing the need for palliative surgical intervention. Resistance to these antiresportives in RCCBM reflects unique cellular and molecular mechanisms in the bone microenvironment that promote progression via inhibition of the anabolic reparative response. Identification of critical mechanisms underlying RCCBM induced anabolic impairment could provide needed insight into how to improve treatment outcomes for patients with RCCBM, with the goals of minimizing progression that necessitates palliative surgery and improving survival.
Opportunistic content pushing via WiFi hotspots (2012)

Metro WiFi networks can be potentially leveraged to offload data traffic from congested cellular networks. In this paper, we design a content pushing system which pushes the content to mobile users through opportunistic WiFi connections. The system responds a user's pending requests or predicted users' future requests, codes these requested contents by using Fountain codes, predicts the user's routes, and prelocates the coded content to the WiFi access points along the user's routes. The content prelocation scheme is based on an order-2 Markov predictor and the connection duration statistics. Through simulations, we show that a significant amount of content can be delivered to mobile users through the proposed system.
Trap Generation in IL and HK layers during BTI / TDDB stress in scaled HKMG N and P MOSFETs (2014)

Independent Trap Generation (TG) monitors such as DCIV and SILC have been used during NBTI, PBTI (and TDDB) stress in differently processed HKMG devices. TG from DCIV for NBTI is attributed to Si/IL and IL/HK interfaces; TG from DCIV for PBTI to IL/HK interface but at similar energy location as NBTI. TG from DCIV shows similar stress bias (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">G,STR</inf> ), time (t <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">STR</inf> ) and temperature (T) dependence for NBTI and PBTI, while TG for PBTI from SILC shows very different dependence as it likely scans TG at different spatial and energetic locations. TG contribution to V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> shift (ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> ) is compared to ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> from ultra-fast measurements. A compact model is used to predict overall BTI ΔV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</inf> considering uncorrelated contributions from independently measured TG and trapping (TP) in pre-existing and generated bulk traps. Impact of IL scaling on BTI and its underlying subcomponents are studied. Physical origins of different TG and TP processes have been identified using Density Functional Theory (DFT) simulations.
Use of “Phantom Electrode” Technique to Extend the Range of Pitches Available Through a Cochlear Implant (2010)

PE stimulation can elicit pitch percepts lower than that of the most apical MP electrode; the PE pitch is lower by the equivalent of 0.5 to 2 MP electrodes.
A cumulative specificity model for proteases from human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2, inferred from statistical analysis of an extended substrate data base (1991)

Statistical analysis of an expanded data base of regions in viral polyproteins and in non-viral proteins that are sensitive to hydrolysis by the protease from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 has generated a model which characterizes the substrate specificity of this retroviral enzyme. The model leads to an algorithm for predicting protease-susceptible sites from primary structure. Amino acids in each of the sites from P4 to P4' are tabulated for 40 protein substrates, and the frequency of occurrence for each residue is compared to the natural abundance of that amino acid in a selected data set of globular proteins. The results suggest that the highest stringency for particular amino acid residues is at the P2, P1, and P2' positions of the substrate. The broad specificity of the HIV-1 protease appears to be a consequence of its being able to bind productively substrates in which interactions with only a few Pi or Pi' side-chains need be optimized. The analysis, extended to 22 protein segments cleaved by the HIV-2 protease, delineates marked differences in specificity from that of the HIV-1 enzyme.
Substation Maintenance Strategy Adaptation for Life-Cycle Cost Reduction Using Genetic Algorithm (2010)

The choice of the right maintenance strategy is an important but also difficult topic for every energy utility. The difficulty consists in the huge number of interacting cost parameters. The present paper shows how from the biology well known process is adapted as an optimization algorithm in order to handle the parameter diversity. Outgoing from the definition of Life Cycle Cost and a method for substation reliability calculation the main idea of genetic algorithm and its application for Life Cycle Cost optimization is presented. Closing a case study shows the suitability of the algorithm.
Transmission scanning for attenuation correction of myocardial 201T1 images in obese patients (1997)

For attenuation correction (AC) of 201Tl myocardial perfusion images, an accurate attenuation map is required. This study assessed whether prolonged transmission scanning is required in obese compared to normal-sized patients. Twenty-nine obese patients (mean body mass index 33 kg m-2) underwent sequential emission/transmission imaging for AC using an L-shaped, dual-headed gamma camera fitted with two 153Gd scanning line sources. Transmission data were acquired for 5 s per view (scan time for normal-sized patients) and for 10 s per view and used to reconstruct individual attenuation maps. Emission data were reconstructed using each attenuation map in turn to produce attenuation-corrected images (AC5 and AC10). Tracer distribution in the AC5 and AC10 images was compared by two observers blinded to study type. For each data set, count density was measured in 17 segments of a polar plot and segmental uptake expressed relative to study maximum. Although myocardial count density was low on the 5 s per view transmission images (0.5-13.0 and 3.0-14.0 counts per pixel in the anteroposterior and lateral projections respectively), no significant differences in tracer distribution were seen between the AC5 and AC10 images and these were reported identically. In addition, the mean segmental relative uptake values were similar (P > 0.05) for corresponding segments of the AC5 and AC10 images. We conclude that prolonged transmission scanning is not required in obese compared to normal-sized patients. The transmission scanning protocol used in normal-sized patients is applicable across a wide patient weight range.