gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional Characterization of Atrophy Patterns Related to Cognitive Impairment (2020)

Introduction: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a heterogenous syndrome considered as a risk factor for developing dementia. Previous work examining morphological brain changes in MCI has identified a temporo-parietal atrophy pattern that suggests a common neuroanatomical denominator of cognitive impairment. Using functional connectivity analyses of structurally affected regions in MCI, we aimed to investigate and characterize functional networks formed by these regions that appear to be particularly vulnerable to disease-related disruptions.Methods: Areas of convergent atrophy in MCI were derived from a quantitative meta-analysis and encompassed left and right medial temporal (i.e., hippocampus, amygdala), as well as parietal regions (precuneus), which were defined as seed regions for connectivity analyses. Both task-based meta-analytical connectivity modeling (MACM) based on the BrainMap database and task-free resting-state functional MRI in a large cohort of older adults from the 1000BRAINS study were applied. We additionally assessed behavioral characteristics associated with the seed regions using BrainMap meta-data and investigated correlations of resting-state connectivity with age.Results: The left temporal seed showed stronger associations with a fronto-temporal network, whereas the right temporal atrophy cluster was more linked to cortico-striatal regions. In accordance with this, behavioral analysis indicated an emphasis of the left temporal seed on language generation, and the right temporal seed was associated with the domains of emotion and attention. Task-independent co-activation was more pronounced in the parietal seed, which demonstrated stronger connectivity with a frontoparietal network and associations with introspection and social cognition. Correlation analysis revealed both decreasing and increasing functional connectivity with higher age that may add to pathological processes but also indicates compensatory mechanisms of functional reorganization with increasing age.Conclusion: Our findings provide an important pathophysiological link between morphological changes and the clinical relevance of major structural damage in MCI. Multimodal analysis of functional networks related to areas of MCI-typical atrophy may help to explain cognitive decline and behavioral alterations not tractable by a mere anatomical interpretation and therefore contribute to prognostic evaluations.
Mathematical Alignment of Wavelength-Shifted Optical Spectra for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis (1996)

A multivariate method for aligning Raman spectra that suffer from spectral shifts resultant from diode laser mode-hopping is presented. This alignment method permits accurate alignment without necessitating a consistent reference peak while avoiding the uncertainties of estimating the maxima of broad or noisy peaks. This method differs from multivariate standardization methods in that the training set needs to be measured only once. The spectra are not compared to the spectra of a separate instrument. It is shown that the alignment enhances the performance of Raman spectroscopy for quantitative and qualitative applications. This evidence is supported by Monte Carlo simulations, quantitation of a mixture of aromatics by Raman spectroscopy, and imaging of a polymer surface by a Raman microscope.
Minimally Invasive Surgery for Lumbar Decompression in Obese Patients (2014)

Background: Micro endoscopic decompression of stenosis and micro endoscopic discectomy has been shown to be safe and effective. Minimally invasive techniques are associated with decreased soft tissue injury, less pain, and quicker patient recovery. The obese population can pose unique peri-operative challenges. We explored the role of obesity on self-reported outcomes, blood loss, operative time, length of stay, and complications following minimally invasive lumbar decompression.
Methods: A retrospective review of outcomes on 60 obese patients (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) who underwent minimally invasive micro endoscopic decompression of stenosis or micro endoscopic discectomy, compared to 51 normalweight patients (BMI 18.5 kg/m2-24.9 kg/m2), undergoing the same procedures. Outcomes analyzed included the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI).
Results: In 51 normal-weight patients, the mean age was 55.0 years and average BMI was 23.2 ± 0.4 kg/m2. In 60 obese patients, the mean age was 58.0 years and average BMI 34.2 ± 0.6 kg/m2. Mean operative time was 99 ± 4 minutes, and LOS was 9.8 ± 2.7 hours for the normal-weight group. For obese patients, the mean operative time was significantly longer with 117 ± 5 minutes; LOS was 16.1 ± 5.1 hours. BMI significantly correlated with operative time (p= 0.002). Obese patients had a statistically significant (p=0.04) increased estimated blood loss (26.7 cc) compared to normal-weight patients (19.5 cc). Improvements in VAS-back, VAS-leg, and ODI were seen within each cohort. There were no statistically significant differences between the obese and normal groups at the last follow-up. The obese group had more complications (8.33%) compared to normal controls (3.92%), but was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: Microendscopic decompression of stenosis and micro endoscopic discectomy are effective surgical options for the obese population. Obesity did not have an impact on self-reported outcomes or length of stay. Obesity was associated with an increase in average operative time, estimated blood loss, and subsequent return to surgery
Amorphous pnictide semiconductor BaZn2As2 exhibiting high hole mobility (2016)

We selected BaZn2As2 as a candidate for a high-mobility p-type amorphous semiconductor because of the valence band maximum formed mainly of widely spread As 4p orbitals. The hole mobility of amorphous BaZn2As2 films increased from 1 to 10 cm2 V−1 s−1 as the annealing temperature increased from 300 to 400 °C. 500 °C annealing started crystallizing the film with the hole mobility ∼20 cm2 V−1 s−1. The optical bandgaps of amorphous BaZn2As2 were 1.04–1.37 eV, which are much larger than that of the crystalline β-BaZn2As2 (0.23 eV). It is explained by the broken symmetry at the Ba site and the weakening of the As–As direct bonds, which is supported by 6 keV hard X-ray photoemission spectroscopy measurement.
Availability analysis of design configurations to compose virtual performance‐optimized data center systems in next‐generation cloud data centers (2020)

Summary Next‐generation cloud data centers are based on software‐defined data center infrastructures that promote flexibility, automation, optimization, and scalability. The Redfish standard and the Intel Rack Scale Design technology enable software‐defined infrastructure and disaggregate bare‐metal compute, storage, and networking resources into virtual pools to dynamically compose resources and create virtual performance‐optimized data centers (vPODs) tailored to workload‐specific demands. This article proposes four chassis design configurations based on Distributed Management Task Force's Redfish industry standard applied to compose vPOD systems, namely, a fully shared design, partially shared homogeneous design, partially shared heterogeneous design, and not shared design; their main difference is based on the used hardware disaggregation level. Furthermore, we propose models that combine reliability block diagram and stochastic Petri net modeling approaches to represent the complexity of the relationship between the pool of disaggregated hardware resources and their power and cooling sources in a vPOD. These four proposed design configurations were analyzed and compared in terms of availability and component's sensitivity indexes by scaling their configurations considering different data center infrastructure. From the obtained results, we can state that, in general, when one increases the hardware disaggregation, availability is improved. However, after a given point, the availability level of the fully shared, partially shared homogeneous, and partially shared heterogeneous configurations remain almost equal, while the not shared configuration is still able to improve its availability.
Polarization-controlled luminaires utilizing multiple Fresnel reflections (2003)

A novel luminaire utilizes repeated Fresnel reflections by angled surfaces to transform a small collimated input beam into a controlled output pattern with a high degree of polarization, either linear or radial. Applications to backlighting, front-lighting, optical communications and automotive lighting will be discussed.
Tissue-like phantoms for quantitative birefringence imaging (2017)

Birefringence imaging, including polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography (PS-OCT), can provide valuable insight into the microscopic structure and organization of many biological tissues. In this paper, we report on a method to fabricate tissue-like birefringence phantoms for such imaging modalities. We utilize the photo-elastic effect, wherein birefringence is induced by stretching a polymer sample after heating it above its glass-transition temperature. The cooled samples stably exhibit homogeneous birefringence, and were assembled into phantoms containing multiple well-defined regions of distinct birefringence. We present planar slab phantoms for microscopy applications and cylindrical phantoms for catheter-based imaging and demonstrate quantitative analysis of the birefringence within individual regions of interest. Birefringence phantoms enable testing, validating, calibrating, and improving PS-OCT acquisition systems and reconstruction strategies.
Human, rhesus macaque, and feline sequences highly similar to mouse mammary tumor virus sequences (2005)

Sequences highly similar (>95%) to the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) env gene have been amplified from human DNA samples, including DNA samples from patients with breast cancer (BC) and persons who did not have BC. The sequences from human DNA were distinct from the MMTV sequences used as controls in these PCR reactions, indicating that these results are not simply due to contamination. In addition to both, mouse and human-related sequences were also amplified from some monkey and cat genomic DNA samples. These products were shown to be distinct from, but highly related to, the MMTV env gene, whereas, testing of other sources (lambda phage, snake, cockroach, sea urchin, chicken, or dog) demonstrated no specific amplification. A sequence 90% similar to the MMTV group antigen gene (gag) was amplified from cat DNA. These results indicate that DNA from vertebrate species other than rodents, including some but not all humans, monkeys, and cats, can contain sequences closely related to MMTV.
Micron and Submicron-Scale Characterization of Interfaces in Thermal Interface Material Systems (2006)

One of the key challenges in the thermal management of electronic packages are interfaces, such as those between the chip and heat spreader and the interface between a heat spreader and heat sink or cold plate. Typically, thermal interfaces are filled with materials such as thermal adhesives and greases. Interface materials reduce the contact resistance between the mating heat generating and heat sinking units by filling voids and grooves created by the nonsmooth surface topography of the mating surfaces, thus improving surface contact and the conduction of heat across the interface. However, micron and submicron voids and delaminations still exist at the interface between the interface material and the surfaces of the heat spreader and semiconductor device. In addition, a thermal interface material (TIM) may form a filler-depleted and resin-rich region at the interfaces. These defects, though at a small length scale, can significantly deteriorate the heat dissipation ability of a system consisting of a TIM between a heat generating surface and a heat dissipating surface. The characterization of a freestanding sample of TIM does not provide a complete understanding of its heat transfer, mechanical, and interfacial behavior. However, system-level characterization of a TIM system, which includes its freestanding behavior and its interfacial behavior, provides a more accurate understanding. While, measurement of system-level thermal resistance provides an accurate representation of the system performance of a TIM, it does not provide information regarding the physical behavior of the TIM at the interfaces. This knowledge is valuable in engineering interface materials and in developing assembly process parameters for enhanced system-level thermal performance. Characterization of an interface material between a silicon device and a metal heat spreader can be accomplished via several techniques. In this research, high-magnification radiography with computed tomography, acoustic microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize various TIM systems. The results of these characterization studies are presented in this paper. System-level thermal performance results are compared to physical characterization results.
Fungal secondary metabolism : methods and protocols (2012)

Filamentous fungi have long been known for their ability to produce an enormous range of unusual chemical compounds known as secondary metabolites, many of which have potentially useful antibiotic or pharmacological properties. Recent focus on fungal genomics coupled with advances in detection and molecular manipulation techniques has galvanized a revitalization of this field. Fungal Secondary Metabolism: Methods and Protocols is aimed at providing the key methodologies currently in use and necessary for accessing and exploiting the natural product information provided by the genomes of this large and varied kingdom. Written by active researchers in the field, the chapters deal with all the steps necessary, from optimization of fungal culture conditions for metabolite production, through rapid genome sequencing and bioinformatics, and genetic manipulations for functional analysis, to detection and testing of metabolites. In addition, chapters on basic science address approaches to the genetic regulation, protein biochemistry, and cellular localization of the biosynthetic pathways. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology™ series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Practical and hands-on, Fungal Secondary Metabolism: Methods and Protocols encourages new investigators to enter the field and expands upon the expertise and range of skills of those already researching fungal natural products
Estudi dels llenguatges de consulta per a documents RDF (2006)

Tim Berners-Lee had two visions of the future of the Semantic Web: the first was to make the Web a more cooperative world, and the second, that it were a more intelligible medium, and therefore easier for machines process. This project is centered on the Semantic Web (see 3.1.1) and more specifically on the consultation languages for RDF documents. A study will be carried out on the consultation languages that exist at present. There will also be a study of RDBMs that can save and recover data in RDF format, with an in depth look at their architectural and technological characteristics. Finally, a simple Web will be implemented that will be capable of making queries on one of the RDBMs, that will have to have been installed and configured previously.
Supplementary Figure Legend from A 12-Gene Set Predicts Survival Benefits from Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 21K&lt;/p&gt;
Skin friction measurements by laser interferometry in swept shock wave/turbulent boundary-layer interactions (1988)

The laser interferometric skin friction meter was used to measure wall shear stress distributions in two interactions of fin-generated swept shock waves with turbulent boundary layers. The basic research configuration was an unswept sharp-leading-edge fin of variable angle mounted on a flatplate. The results indicate that such measurements are practical in high-speed interacting flows, and that a repeatability of + or - 6 percent or better is possible. Marked increases in wall shear were observed in both swept interactions tested.
Dude, srsly?: The Surprisingly Formal Nature of Twitter's Language (2021)

Twitter has become the de facto information sharing and communication platform. Given the factors that influence language on Twitter - size limitation as well as communication and content-sharing mechanisms - there is a continuing debate about the position of Twitter's language in the spectrum of language on various established mediums. These include SMS and chat on the one hand (size limitations) and email (communication), blogs and newspapers (content sharing) on the other. To provide a way of determining this, we propose a computational framework that offers insights into the linguistic style of all these mediums. Our framework consists of two parts. The first part builds upon a set of linguistic features to quantify the language of a given medium. The second part introduces a flexible factorization framework, soclin, which conducts a psycholinguistic analysis of a given medium with the help of an external cognitive and affective knowledge base. Applying this analytical framework to various corpora from several major mediums, we gather statistics in order to compare the linguistics of Twitter with these other mediums via a quantitative comparative study. We present several key insights: (1) Twitter's language is surprisingly more conservative, and less informal than SMS and online chat; (2) Twitter users appear to be developing linguistically unique styles; (3) Twitter's usage of temporal references is similar to SMS and chat; and (4) Twitter has less variation of affect than other more formal mediums. The language of Twitter can thus be seen as a projection of a more formal register into a size-restricted space.
Integrated nanoplasmonic quantum interfaces for room-temperature single-photon sources (2017)

We describe a general analytical framework of a nanoplasmonic cavity-emitter system interacting with a dielectric photonic waveguide. Taking into account emitter quenching and dephasing, our model directly reveals the single-photon extraction efficiency $\ensuremath{\eta}$ as well as the indistinguishability $I$ of photons coupled into the waveguide mode. Rather than minimizing the cavity modal volume, our analysis predicts an optimum modal volume to maximize $\ensuremath{\eta}$ that balances waveguide coupling and spontaneous emission rate enhancement. Surprisingly, our model predicts that near-unity indistinguishability is possible, but this requires a much smaller modal volume, implying a fundamental performance trade-off between high $\ensuremath{\eta}$ and $I$ at room temperature. Finally, we show that maximizing $\ensuremath{\eta}I$ requires that the system has to be driven in the weak coupling regime because quenching effects and decreased waveguide coupling drastically reduce $\ensuremath{\eta}$ in the strong coupling regime.
Fit‐for‐Purpose Synthesis of CDK2 Inhibitor GNE‐140 (2023)

Abstract A six‐step, stereoselective synthesis of cyclin‐dependent kinase 2 (CDK2) inhibitor GNE‐140 was developed. The key bonds were assembled through palladium‐catalyzed Negishi cross‐coupling and Buchwald–Hartwig C−N coupling steps. The stereodiad was established through a single‐step, CuH‐catalyzed enone reduction proceeding in &gt;99 : 1 er and 89 : 11 dr. GNE‐140 was obtained in 25 % overall yield with 98.6 A% HPLC purity.
Problem Statement and Architecture for Information Exchange between Interconnected Traffic-Engineered Networks (2016)

In Traffic-Engineered (TE) systems, it is sometimes desirable to establish an end-to-end TE path with a set of constraints (such as bandwidth) across one or more networks from a source to a destination. TE information is the data relating to nodes and TE links that is used in the process of selecting a TE path. TE information is usually only available within a network. We call such a zone of visibility of TE information a domain. An example of a domain may be an IGP area or an Autonomous System.
Path Loss Modeling for Vehicle-to-Vehicle Communication on a Slope (2014)

Path loss modeling for both regular and irregular terrains is still gaining significant attention from researchers. A sloped terrain is one specific kind of an irregular terrain that-as far as we are aware-has not been completely studied. Although some results have been published for slope path loss modeling in cellular communication, an adequate model for the case when the transmitter (Tx) and the receiver (Rx) both have low-height antennas and are located on or near a slope does not exist. In this paper, for complete analysis of such conditions, we consider four scenarios: 1) two vehicles are located at opposite ends of the slope; 2) one vehicle is on the slope, and the other vehicle is beyond the slope crest; 3) one vehicle is on the slope, and the other is away from the slope at the bottom; 4) both vehicles are on the slope. For scenarios 1 and 2, we have developed analytical path loss models. We have also made some corroborating measurements for scenario 1. Scenarios 3 and 4 are addressed by models already in the literature. Simulation results for two vehicles traveling toward, on, and then beyond a slope (a sequence of our scenarios) are also shown to illustrate how sloped-terrain path loss varies in contrast to the typical flat-earth condition. Our models for scenarios 1 and 2 add to the literature and can be used to numerically estimate path losses for vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication over a slope.
A perspective on Web information retrieval (2004)

Since the late nineteen-nineties Web information retrieval has attracted the attention of both researchers and commercial companies and has been fueled by theoretical results, methods, experiments, and implementations. The contributions published so far form a formidable knowledge base, even though the subject is rather young and many problems are still open and worthy of further research. A call for papers was issued in November 2003 for this special issue on Web information retrieval. Forty-seven papers were received by the end of March 2004 and were each reviewed by three independent reviewers. The five best papers, i.e. [1], [2], [3], [4] and [5] were selected for the special issue, thus providing a perspective on the subject and outlining the directions for the future. Some additional submissions will be considered, after revision, for publication in the regular issues of the journal. Table I shows the coverage of the main topics provided by the papers selected for this issue – the central topics of each paper is highlighted with “*”, whereas “+” highlights the other topics of the paper.
An experimental approach to generalized Wiener filtering in music source separation (2016)

Music source separation aims at decomposing music recordings into their constituent component signals. Many existing techniques are based on separating a time-frequency representation of the mixture signal by applying suitable modeling techniques in conjunction with generalized Wiener filtering. Recently, the term α-Wiener filtering was coined together with a theoretic foundation for the long-practiced use of magnitude spectrogram estimates in Wiener filtering. So far, optimal values for the magnitude exponent α have been empirically found in oracle experiments regarding the additivity of spectral magnitudes. In the first part of this paper, we extend these previous studies by examining further factors that affect the choice of α. In the second part, we investigate the role of α in Kernel Additive Modeling applied to Harmonic-Percussive Separation. Our results indicate that the parameter α may be understood as a kind of selectivity parameter, which should be chosen in a signal-adaptive fashion.