gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myocardial Protection with Esmolol during Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery (2003)

In Reply:—We thank Drs. Geissler, Mehlhorn, Laine, and Allen for commenting positively on our recent article. 1We agree that the authors have contributed significantly over the past 10 yr to demonstrating the safety and efficacy of intracoronary β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) antagonists as an alternative to cardioplegia in the setting of coronary artery bypass grafting surgery. In contrast, our study does not compare or contrast methods for administration of β-ARs during coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, but, rather, the mechanisms by which protection might occur. As such, our comments on “the paucity of data” in the area of β-AR antagonists during cardiac surgery refers to both a lack of mechanistic data demonstrating the rationale for beneficial effects and a lack of large-scale, randomized, clinical trials.To support this claim, we cited recent American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association concerns, 2as well as American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines that state that, at this time, “there is no universally applicable myocardial protection technique” for reducing the risk of perioperative myocardial dysfunction. 3Geissler et al. further comment that the use of intravenous esmolol as an adjunct to cold crystalloid cardioplegia (e.g. , rather than intracoronary esmolol) makes “no sense from a cardiac surgeon's point of view.” However, the model used in our study was based on the common practice in the United States of intravenous β-blockade during cardiopulmonary bypass, a strategy that has recently been shown to have benefit in terms of neuroprotection in humans. 4Our study 1also clearly demonstrates prevention of acute myocardial β-AR desensitization in a canine model with use of this approach. Crystalloid cardioplegia has been supplemented with many agents over the years in the quest for better myocardial protection; Geissler et al. have contributed in very positive ways to alternative thinking in this regard in their use of esmolol as a sole “cardioplegic” agent. Our study does not purport to answer this controversial question. Rather, our quest for understanding the mechanisms by which stress affects the myocardium, in this case via β-ARs, is based on the hope that such insight may lead to novel approaches for protecting the heart during cardiac surgery in the future.
DSP based image processing for retinal prosthesis (2005)

The real-time image processing in retinal prosthesis consists of the implementation of various image processing algorithms like edge detection, edge enhancement, decimation etc. The algorithmic computations in real-time may have high level of computational complexity and hence the use of digital signal processors (DSPs) for the implementation of such algorithms is proposed here. This application desires that the DSPs be highly computationally efficient while working on low power. DSPs have computational capabilities of hundreds of millions of instructions per second (MIPS) or millions of floating point operations per second (MFLOPS) along with certain processor configurations having low power. The various image processing algorithms, the DSP requirements and capabilities of different platforms would be discussed in this paper.
Kinetic and data-driven modeling of pancreatic β-cell central carbon metabolism and insulin secretion (2022)

Pancreatic β-cells respond to increased extracellular glucose levels by initiating a metabolic shift. That change in metabolism is part of the process of glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and is of particular interest in the context of diabetes. However, we do not fully understand how the coordinated changes in metabolic pathways and metabolite products influence insulin secretion. In this work, we apply systems biology approaches to develop a detailed kinetic model of the intracellular central carbon metabolic pathways in pancreatic β-cells upon stimulation with high levels of glucose. The model is calibrated to published metabolomics datasets for the INS1 823/13 cell line, accurately capturing the measured metabolite fold-changes. We first employed the calibrated mechanistic model to estimate the stimulated cell's fluxome. We then used the predicted network fluxes in a data-driven approach to build a partial least squares regression model. By developing the combined kinetic and data-driven modeling framework, we gain insights into the link between β-cell metabolism and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. The combined modeling framework was used to predict the effects of common anti-diabetic pharmacological interventions on metabolite levels, flux through the metabolic network, and insulin secretion. Our simulations reveal targets that can be modulated to enhance insulin secretion. The model is a promising tool to contextualize and extend the usefulness of metabolomics data and to predict dynamics and metabolite levels that are difficult to measure in vitro. In addition, the modeling framework can be applied to identify, explain, and assess novel and clinically-relevant interventions that may be particularly valuable in diabetes treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: The Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbene Cyclization Cycloaddition Cascade Reaction of Vinylsulfonates. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Quantum dynamics of hydrogen in the iron-based superconductor LaFeAsO0.9D0.1 measured with inelastic neutron spectroscopy (2019)

Inelastic neutron scattering was performed for an iron-based superconductor ${\mathrm{LaFeAsO}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{D}}_{0.1}$, where most of D (deuterium) replaces oxygen, while a tiny amount goes into the interstitial sites. By first-principles calculation, we characterize the interstitial sites for D (and for H slightly mixed) with four equivalent potential minima. Below the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{\mathrm{c}}=26\phantom{\rule{0.16em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$, excitations emerge in the range 5--15 meV, while they are absent in the reference system ${\mathrm{LaFeAsO}}_{0.9}{\mathrm{F}}_{0.1}$. The strong excitations at 14.5 and 11.1 meV broaden rapidly around 15 and 20 K, respectively, where each energy becomes comparable to twice the superconducting gap. The strong excitations are ascribed to a quantum rattling, or a band motion of hydrogen, which arises only if the number of potential minima is larger than two.
Splashing transients of 2D plasmons launched by swift electrons (2017)

We predict a jet-like rise of excessive charge concentration that delays 2D plasmon generation in electron-energy-loss spectroscopy; revealing an analogy to the Rayleigh jet in a splashing phenomenon prior to the launching of ripples.
Ray-Box Culling for Tree Structures * (2013)

Ray-primitive intersection tests are the most important operations in ray tracing. The ray-box culling algorithm was presented to accelerate these intersection tests on grid structures, but this algorithm has not been widely used due to the poor ray traversal performance of the grid structures themselves. In this paper, we demonstrate how to apply this algorithm to tree structures and investigate its efficiency in terms of tree construction time and ray traversal performance. Experimental results show that our approach achieves up to 1.15× faster ray tracing performance and up to 1.22× faster total rendering performance, including tree construction and ray tracing.
High Water Permeability of Human Spermatozoa is Mercury-Resistant and not Mediated by CHIP281 (1995)

A novel integral membrane protein with an apparent molecular mass of 28 kDa (CHIP28) was first isolated from human erythrocytes and is now recognized as a water channel protein. The expression of this protein has been found in several other cell types that all require high water permeability for their functions. Recent studies have shown that the water permeability (Lp) of human spermatozoa is among the highest reported for mammalian cells. Together with the low activation energy of human spermatozoa for Lp, this suggests that CHIP28 water channel may be present in the plasma membrane of human spermatozoa. However, our current studies do not support this hypothesis. Results from Western blot analysis on human sperm plasma membrane proteins, performed through use of an antibody against human erythrocyte CHIP28 protein, indicated that human spermatozoa do not express CHIP28 protein on their cell surface (n = 10). Consistent with the Western blot finding, mercuric chloride (HgCl2), a known water channel blocker, failed to reduce the osmotic water permeability of human spermatozoa. The calculated Lp values were 1.30 +/- 0.29 micron/min/atm (n = 16; mean +/- SEM) for the control group and 1.31 +/- 0.29 (n = 9; mean +/- SEM), 1.04 +/- 0.27 (n = 11; mean +/- SEM), and 1.34 +/- 0.19 (n = 6; mean +/- SEM), respectively, for the 10 microM, 30 microM, and 50 microM HgCl2-treated groups. These Lp values are not different (p > 0.05). In contrast, the same concentration of HgCl2 significantly blocked the osmotic water transport across the membrane of human erythrocytes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Sapphire Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Made Using Femtosecond Laser Radiation for Ultrahigh Temperature Applications (2004)

We report for the first time the inscription of retro-reflective Bragg gratings in multimode crystalline sapphire fiber. The gratings were fabricated using 800-nm femtosecond laser radiation and a phase mask. The grating behavior was investigated up to 1500/spl deg/C with no detectable reduction in the grating reflectivity or hysteresis in the Bragg resonance. Measurements of the change in the effective index of the fiber as a function of temperature are reported and the performance of the grating as a temperature sensor is evaluated.
Influence of Solvent Mixing on the Morphology and Performance of Solar Cells Based on Polyfluorene Copolymer/Fullerene Blends (2006)

Abstract The influence of the solvent on the morphology and performance of polymer solar cells is investigated in devices based on blends of the polyfluorene copolymer, poly(2,7‐(9,9‐dioctyl‐fluorene)‐ alt ‐5,5‐(4′,7′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐2′,1′,3′‐benzothiadiazole)), and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C 61 ‐butyric acid methyl ester. The blends are spin‐coated from chloroform or from chloroform mixed with small amounts of xylene, toluene, or chlorobenzene. The devices are characterized under monochromatic light and solar illumination AM1.5 (AM: air mass). An enhancement of the photocurrent density is observed in diodes made from chloroform mixed with chlorobenzene, and reduced photocurrent density is observed in diodes made from chloroform mixed with xylene or toluene, compared to diodes made from neat chloroform. The open‐circuit voltages are almost the same in all diodes. The surfaces of the active layers are imaged using atomic force microscopy. Height images indicate that a finer and more uniform distribution of domains corresponds to the diodes with enhanced photocurrent that are made from chloroform mixed with chlorobenzene, while a structure with larger domains is associated with the lower photocurrents in the diodes made from chloroform mixed with xylene or toluene. The influence of the morphology on the excited‐state dynamics and charge generation is investigated using time‐resolved spectroscopy. Fast formation of bound charge pairs followed by their conversion into free charge carriers is resolved, and excitation‐intensity‐dependent non‐geminate recombination of free charges is observed. A significant enhancement in free‐charge‐carrier generation is observed on introducing chlorobenzene into chloroform. Imaging photocurrent generation from the solar cells with a light‐pulse technique shows an inhomogeneous photocurrent distribution, which is related to the undulations in the thickness of the active layer. Thicker parts of the diodes yield higher photocurrent values.
Imaging of the hepatocellular carcinoma using dynamic positron emission tomography with nitrogen-13 ammonia. (1985)

Dynamic PET using [13N]ammonia was performed in patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma (hepatoma). All the tumors started to show remarkable accumulation of radioactivity from a very early period (within 150 sec after the radionuclide injection), whereas the radionuclide was more gradually accumulated in the liver. Central necroses of the tumors were visualized as low radioactivity areas. Daughter nodules of less than 2 cm were also visualized. This dynamic PET study is a valuable technique for the detection of the hepatoma.
Polymers in gene therapy technology (2014)

There are several barriers to gene delivery. One of the biggest challenges is the design of appropriate vectors. Currently, nonviral vectors have received significant attention because of low toxicity, potential for tissue specificity, stability during storage, lack of immunogenicity, and relatively low production cost. Despite the high efficiency of viral vectors, they show limited clinical applications because of potentially fatal adverse effects and because of the likelihood of the immune response shutting down the transgene expression system. Nonviral technologies comprise plasmid‐based expression systems harboring a gene that encodes a therapeutic protein along with a synthetic gene delivery system. This review provides a broad perspective on recent improvements in the development of four kinds of nonviral vectors that are based on polymers, peptides, lipids, and DNA and discusses the cytotoxicity associated with gene therapy. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Geometric average-based fast-converging proportional fair scheduling for LTE downlink transmissions (2016)

Long Term Evolution (LTE) wireless communication system has adopted Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) technology to provide downlink transmissions to multiple User Equipment (UE) in a single transmission time interval. In OFDMA, UEs provide quantized channel quality information, called channel quality indicator (CQI), to the base station. CQI feedback is then used at the base station to choose which UE to be scheduled and which modulation and coding scheme (MCS) for the selected UE to be used in downlink transmissions. Each UE sends averaged CQI over all subcarriers instead of sending the CQI of each subcarrier to minimize feedback overhead. As a result, only one MCS is applied at the base station for multiple subcarriers intended for the same UE. This can cause significant throughput degradation, especially in low SNR regions in which the actual CQI of each subcarrier may vary significantly. Our experimental results show that the two well-known scheduling algorithms, namely Best CQI and Proportional Fair Scheduling (PFS), fail to provide spectrum efficiency and/or fairness among UEs. These algorithms tend to provide a large fraction of bandwidth to a single UE; hence, the UE fails to demodulate transmitted data to which only one modulation scheme was applied. In this paper, we propose a novel scheduling algorithm that achieves better throughput performance, while providing more fairness among UEs than existing solutions in both high and low SNR environments. The proposed algorithm improves cell throughput by 66% over the PFS when UEs experience various SNR values. When UEs undergo similar SNR values, the system throughput can be improved by more than 120% over BestCQI and by almost 60% over PFS. Extensive simulations validate that our proposed solution also significantly enhance Block Error ratio (BLER) in addition to network throughput and fairness.
Gender Effects on Rat Metabolism of AMG 900, an Orally Available Small Molecule Aurora Kinase Inhibitor (2011)

AMG 900 is an orally available small molecule that is highly potent and selective as a pan-aurora kinase inhibitor. AMG 900 is currently undergoing phase 1 clinical evaluation in patients with advanced solid tumors. The metabolism of AMG 900 was investigated in both male and female rats. We conducted studies in bile-duct catheterized (BDC) rats where bile, urine and plasma were analyzed to obtain metabolism profiles for each gender. These studies identified gender differences in the metabolism profiles in bile. Bile contained the majority of the drug related material and contained little unchanged AMG 900 which indicated that metabolism was the prominent process in drug elimination. Although bile contained the same metabolites for both genders, the amount of specific metabolites differed. Male rats metabolized AMG 900 primarily through hydroxylation with subsequent sulfate conjugation on the pyrimidinyl-pyridine side-chain whereas female rats favored a different oxidation site on the thiophene ring's methyl group, which is then metabolized to a carboxylic acid with subsequent conjugation to an acyl glucuronide. CYP phenotyping identified the prominent isoforms as being gender specific or biased in the oxidative metabolism of AMG 900. The metabolism in male rats favored both CYP2C11 and CYP2A2 whereas females favored the CYP2C12. The prominent sulfate conjugate identified in the male rat bile could also be due to male biased metabolism since it has been reported that sulfate conjugation is more prevalent in male rats. All the prominent rat metabolism routes for AMG 900 either have male or female bias. These differences in the rat AMG 900 metabolism profiles in bile can be explained by gender specific P450CYP isoforms.
Self-tuning of robot program primitives (2002)

Strategies used and parameter selection problems encountered in developing robot programs are addressed by describing an approach to self-tuning of robot program parameters. In this approach, the robot program incorporates control primitives with adjustable parameters and an associated cost function. A hybrid gradient-based and direct-search algorithm uses experimentally measured performance data to adjust the parameters to seek optimal performance and track system variations. Alternative control strategies which have first been optimized with the same cost function are then assessed in terms of their optimized behavior. It is demonstrated that the optimal control strategy for a particular task is a function not only of task geometry, but also of the desired performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Photoinduced porphyrin-to-quinone electron transfer across oligospirocyclic spacers (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoinduced porphyrin-to-quinone electron transfer across oligospirocyclic spacersSpencer Knapp, T. G. Murali Dhar, Jennifer Albaneze, Steve Gentemann, Joseph A. Potenza, Dewey Holten, and Harvey J. SchugarCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 10, 4010–4013Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00010a064https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00010a064research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Memory Design and Advanced Semiconductor Technology (2008)

This tutorial will provide a bottom-up view of the changes in semiconductor memory design as we move into the nanometer regime. We begin by discussing the breakdown of scaling and the power problem. As innovation replaces classical scaling we investigate the use of stress engineering to improve device level performance. Technology challenges in lithography and interconnects are addressed. The consequences of innovation and scaling on RF/Analog characteristics must also be considered. The scaling of memory presents yet another challenge. We proceed to discuss the modeling of these effects for the circuit designer including discussion of the many new and traditional sources of variation. We describe how these are characterized how they can be controlled by layout rules and how the remaining variation can be describe in the model to enable Statistical Timing and other advanced circuit techniques. At the circuit level we consider in detail embedded DRAM and SRAM design for both bulk and SOI. We discuss the benefits and challenges of advanced technologies including methods for creating robust designs in the presence of manufacturing variation. We also discuss the design innovations required to utilize advanced technologies for overcoming the "memory wall", "power wall" and "ILP wall".
New Method for Super Hydrophobic Treatment of Gas Diffusion Layers for Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells Using Electrochemical Reduction of Diazonium Salts (2015)

The purpose of this article is to report a new method for the surface functionalization of commercially available gas diffusion layers (GDLs) by the electrochemical reduction of diazonium salt containing hydrophobic functional groups. The method results in superhydrophobic GDLs, over a large area, without pore blocking. An X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study based on core level spectra and chemical mapping has demonstrated the successful grafting route, resulting in a homogeneous distribution of the covalently bonded hydrophobic molecules on the surface of the GDL fibers. The result was corroborated by contact angle measurement, showing similar hydrophobicity between the grafted and PTFE-modified GDLs. The electrochemically modified GDLs were tested in proton exchange membrane fuel cells under automotive, wet, and dry conditions and demonstrated improved performance over traditional GDLs.
A critique of HF NVIS channel models (2015)

A wideband HF NVIS measurement campaign in Southern California collected 7 terabytes of channel sounding across 2-12 MHz from 72 days of data collection between October 2014 and February 2015. This massive dataset demonstrates that the traditional HF NVIS channel models are ill-suited to describe the observed HF NVIS propagation phenomena. In particular, it is observed that the HF NVIS channel is often non-stationary over a few minutes; with taps rapidly shifting in delay, exhibiting abrupt changes in phase characteristics, and periodic variations in magnitude-all having significant implications on modem design, e.g. block length, preamble length and repetition rate, interleaving size, and modulation type. To this end, this study summarizes the empirical findings of the delay and Doppler characteristics, as well as the non-traditional fading modes, of wideband HF NVIS channels.