gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential localization and functional role of calsequestrin in growing and differentiated myoblasts. (1995)

Calsequestrin (CSQ) is the low affinity, high capacity Ca(2+)-binding protein concentrated within specialized areas of the muscle fiber sarcoplasmic reticulum (a part of the ER) where it is believed to buffer large amounts of Ca2+. Upon activation of intracellular channels this Ca2+ pool is released, giving rise to the [Ca2+]i increases that sustain contraction. In order to investigate the ER retention and the functional role of the protein, L6 rat myoblasts were infected with a viral vector with or without the cDNA of chicken CSQ, and stable clones were investigated before and after differentiation to myotubes. In the undifferentiated L6 cells, expression of considerable amounts of heterologous CSQ occurred with no major changes of other ER components. Ca2+ release from the ER, induced by the peptide hormone vasopressin, remained however unchanged, and the same occurred when other treatments were given in sequence to deplete the ER and other intracellular stores: with the Ca2+ pump blocker, thapsigargin; and with the Ca2+ ionophore, ionomycin, followed by the Na+/H+ ionophore, monensin. The lack of effect of CSQ expression on the vasopressin-induced [Ca2+]i responses was explained by immunocytochemistry showing the heterologous protein to be localized not in the ER but in large vacuoles of acidic content, positive also for the lysosomal enzyme, cathepsin D, corresponding to a lysosomal subpopulation. After differentiation, all L6 cells expressed small amounts of homologous CSQ. In the infected cells the heterologous protein progressively decreased, yet the [Ca2+]i responses to vasopressin were now larger with respect to both control and undifferentiated cells. This change correlated with the drop of the vacuoles and with the accumulation of CSQ within the ER lumen, where a clustered distribution was observed as recently shown in developing muscle fibers. These results provide direct evidence for the contribution of CSQ, when appropriately retained, to the Ca2+ capacity of the rapidly exchanging, ER-located Ca2+ stores; and for the existence of specific mechanism(s) (that in L6 cells develop in the course of differentiation) for the ER retention of the protein. In the growing L6 myoblasts the Ca(2+)-binding protein appears in contrast to travel along the exocytic pathway, down to post-Golgi, lysosome-related vacuoles which, based on the lack of [Ca2+]i response to ionomycin-monensin, appear to be incompetent for Ca2+ accumulation.
Multiplexed quantitation of protein biomarkers in the invertebrate species Gammarus fossarum: new perspectives for molecular environmental monitoring (2016)

Modulations of molecular biomarkers can be related to an exposure to chemical compounds and provide early warning indicators of possible hazard on the ecosystem. However, routine use of these tools in biomonitoring faces several drawbacks, especially in invertebrates: lack of robust speciesspecific quantification methods and needs of numerous biomarker-specific protocols. This leads to very expensive biomonitoring strategies in time, cost and biological samples. Recently, 'proteogenomics' emerged as a relevant strategy for the discovery of proteins in non-model organisms. With this approach, our consortium created a database consisting of 1873 experimentally validated proteins of the amphipod crustacean Gammarus fossarum, a sentinel species used for freshwater biomonitoring. The objective of the present study was to setup an innovative approach that allowed a fast, specific and simultaneous quantification of several proteins of interest in this invertebrate species. We applied a mass spectrometry multiplexed quantitation methodology (Selected Reaction Monitoring) to study 55 protein biomarker candidates. Identification of specific proteotypic peptides, in agreement with putative physiological roles of the associated proteins, and assessment of their interest as biomarkers in G. fossarum were achieved by studying their exact quantitative changes through male and female reproductive cycles and after exposure to stresses/contaminations (food privation, exposure to model chemical compounds in the laboratory and in situ caging).The levels of 21 biomarkers of interest (sex-specific proteins and/or with key physiological functions) were successfully monitored simultaneously in biological samples during the physiological processes and their sensitivity to toxic contamination was demonstrated both in laboratory and during field monitoring. For example, the laboratory contamination with environmental concentrations of cadmium modulated the concentrations of some biomarkers as the Na+K+ATPase (cellular pump), catalase (oxidative defense) and GST (detoxification) proteins. This breakthrough methodology in ecotoxicology is a valid alternative to currently used protocols.
Modeling expiratory flow from excised tracheal tube laws (1999)

Flow limitation during forced exhalation and gas trapping during high-frequency ventilation are affected by upstream viscous losses and by the relationship between transmural pressure (Ptm) and cross-sectional area (A(tr)) of the airways, i.e., tube law (TL). Our objective was to test the validity of a simple lumped-parameter model of expiratory flow limitation, including the measured TL, static pressure recovery, and upstream viscous losses. To accomplish this objective, we assessed the TLs of various excised animal tracheae in controlled conditions of quasi-static (no flow) and steady forced expiratory flow. A(tr) was measured from digitized images of inner tracheal walls delineated by transillumination at an axial location defining the minimal area during forced expiratory flow. Tracheal TLs followed closely the exponential form proposed by Shapiro (A. H. Shapiro. J. Biomech. Eng. 99: 126-147, 1977) for elastic tubes: Ptm = K(p) [(A(tr)/A(tr0))(-n) - 1], where A(tr0) is A(tr) at Ptm = 0 and K(p) is a parametric factor related to the stiffness of the tube wall. Using these TLs, we found that the simple model of expiratory flow limitation described well the experimental data. Independent of upstream resistance, all tracheae with an exponent n < 2 experienced flow limitation, whereas a trachea with n > 2 did not. Upstream viscous losses, as expected, reduced maximal expiratory flow. The TL measured under steady-flow conditions was stiffer than that measured under expiratory no-flow conditions, only if a significant static pressure recovery from the choke point to atmosphere was assumed in the measurement.
Frequency and temperature dependence of the dielectric properties of ferroelectric materials (2002)

A review is given of the dielectric properties of some ferroelectric single crystal and polycrystalline bulk ceramics (LiTaO/sub 3/ single crystal, sol-gel derived PbZr/sub 0.53/Ti/sub 0.47/O/sub 3/ polycrystalline ceramic, SrBi/sub 2/Nb/sub 2/O/sub 9/ polycrystalline ceramics) over a wide frequency and temperature range. The properties were investigated by ac impedance spectroscopy. The measured data have been presented with different formalisms for better understanding the dielectric properties. 3D-graphs were used to present simultaneously both the frequency and temperature dependency of the dielectric properties. The great strength of this kind of analysis technique is that it is possible to characterize the different electrically-active regions in a ferroelectric material.
1214 Tooth Profile of Making a Load Capacity and Noise Performance for Gear of CVT (2013)

Like recent automatic transmission, our latest CVT is demanded to be lightweight and downsizing from standpoints of fuel efficiency improvement and collision safety. Its gears, shafts that support gear, bearings and case are smaller than conventional specification, and gears operate at higher mesh force than ever before. So we developed balanced tooth flank form to match load capacity and noise performance. We measured tooth stress in load condition using CVT to investigate relation between load and tooth deformation. Considering the relation of tooth deformation, we simulated tooth contact pressure in heavy load and transmission error in light load. As a result of the simulation we founded a balanced tooth flank form that could reduce tooth contact pressure and keep same level of transmission error. We verified these simulated results experimentally using CVT.
Increased Functional Connectivity Within Intrinsic Neural Networks in Chronic Stroke Following Treatment with Red/Near-Infrared Transcranial Photobiomodulation: Case Series with Improved Naming in Aphasia (2019)

<b><i>Objective:</i></b> To examine effects of four different transcranial, red/near-infrared (NIR), light-emitting diode (tLED) protocols on naming ability in persons with aphasia (PWA) due to left hemisphere (LH) stroke. This is the first study to report beneficial effects from tLED therapy in <i>chronic</i> stroke, and parallel changes on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). <b><i>Materials and methods:</i></b> Six PWA, 2-18 years poststroke, in whom 18 tLED treatments were applied (3 × /week, 6 weeks) using LED cluster heads: 500 mW, red (633 nm) and NIR (870 nm), 22.48 cm<sup>2</sup>, 22.2 mW/cm<sup>2</sup>. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After Protocol A with bilateral LED placements, including midline, at scalp vertex over left and right supplementary motor areas (L and R SMAs), picture naming was not improved. P1 underwent pre-/postovert, picture-naming <i>task-fMRI</i> scans; P2 could not. After Protocol A, P1 showed increased activation in LH and right hemisphere, including L and R SMAs. After Protocol B with LEDs <i>only</i> on ipsilesional, LH side, naming ability significantly improved for P1 and P2; the fMRI scans for P1 then showed activation <i>only</i> on the ipsilesional LH side. After Protocol C with LED placements on ipsilesional LH side, plus <i>one midline placement</i> over mesial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) at front hairline, a cortical node of the default mode network (DMN), P3 and P4 had only moderate/poor response, and no increase in functional connectivity on resting-state functional-connectivity MRI. After Protocol D, however, with LED placements on ipsilesional LH side, plus over <i>two midline nodes of DMN</i>, mPFC, and precuneus (high parietal) <i>simultaneously</i>, P5 and P6 each had good response with significant increase in functional connectivity within DMN, <i>p</i> < 0.0005; salience network, <i>p</i> < 0.0005; and central executive network, <i>p</i> < 0.05. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> NIR photons can affect surface brain cortex areas subjacent to where LEDs are applied on the scalp. Improved naming ability was present with optimal Protocol D. Transcranial photobiomodulation may be an additional noninvasive therapy for stroke.
Probabilistic analysis for basis selection via /spl lscr//sub p/ diversity measures (2004)

Finding sparse representations of signals is an important problem in many application domains. Unfortunately, when the signal dictionary is overcomplete, finding the sparsest representation is NP-hard without some prior knowledge of the solution. However, suppose that we have access to such information. Is it possible to demonstrate any performance bounds in this restricted setting? We examine this question with respect to algorithms that minimize general /spl lscr//sub p/-norm-like diversity measures. Using randomized dictionaries, we analyze performance probabilistically under two conditions. First, when 0/spl les/p/spl les/1, we quantify (almost surely) the number and quality of every local minimum. Next, for the p=1 case, we extend the deterministic results of D.L. Donoho and M. Elad (see Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., vol.100, no.5, 2003) by deriving explicit confidence intervals for a theoretical equivalence bound, under which the minimum /spl lscr//sub 1/-norm solution is guaranteed to equal the maximally sparse solution. These results elucidate our previous empirical studies applying /spl lscr//sub p/ measures to basis selection tasks.
Numerical simulation and optimization of Q-switched 2 μm Tm,Ho:YLF laser (2007)

Numerical simulation suggests that for obtaining a giant (G) pulse from a 2.06 mum solid state Tm,Ho:YLF laser by the active Q-switching technique, the optimal Ho concentration will be higher than that used in normal operation. In simulations of 500 ns G-pulse generation maximal efficiency occurred at 6 % Tm and 1.0 % Ho, in contrast with 0.4% Ho found to be optimal for the normal pulse generation. Maximal energy output from Tm,Ho:YLF lasers can be achieved by incorporating a delay of about 0.7 ms between 0.5 ms 780 nm LD pulsed pumping and the start of Q-switched G-pulse operation.
Scale Up of Non-PGM ORR Catalysts (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Minimum-time trajectory planning for industrial robots with general torque constraints (1986)

There are a number of trajectory planning algorithms which generate the joint torques/forces required to drive a robot along a given geometric path in minimum or near-minimum time [1, 3, 5, 6, 7, 9]. These methods make fairly specific assumptions about the form of the joint torque/force constraints, thereby limiting their applicability. A method, called the perturbation trajectory improvement algorithm (PTIA), is developed here which can generate the joint positions, velocities, and torques required to move a robot along a specified geometric path in minimum time under very general torque constraints. The PTIA starts with a non-optimal trajectory which meets all the required torque constraints, and perturbs the trajectory in such a way as to always decrease the traversal time for the path. This perturbation process continues until the torque constraints prevent any further improvement in the traversal time. The torque constraints may be expressed in terms of quantities related to torque rather than torque itself; it is possible, for example, to limit velocity, acceleration, jerk, and motor voltage, either singly or in combination. The perturbation trajectory planner also is very simple to implement, and many of the calculations are independent of each other and can therefore be done in parallel, As a demonstrative example, the PTIA is applied to the first three joints of the Bendix PACS Arm.
Measuring Array Mutual Impedances Using Embedded Element Patterns (2022)

Antenna array mutual impedances are measured from embedded element patterns. To do this practically, additional relationships are developed for Thevenin-driven embedded element patterns where the driven element has a different source impedance from the non-driven elements. &lt;br&gt;
Surgical Management of Aortic Valve Disease in the Elderly (1970)

Forty patients over the age of 70 years, with an average age of 74.6 years, have undergone aortic valve surgery at the Massachusetts General Hospital in the past eight years. Thirty-eight patients had calcific aortic stenosis, and two had aortic insufficiency. Debridement of the aortic valve was performed early in our experience in the surgical treatment of aortic stenosis in four patients, three of whom survived. Two of these patients as well as the other thirty-six underwent prosthetic aortic valve replacement. In this group of 40 patients, 32 of whom were in cardiac class IV, there were eight hospital deaths (20%) and three late deaths (7.5%). The 29 survivors are all much improved, and some spectacularly so. These results justify an aggressive approach to aortic valve replacement in the elderly, if the patient's general status warrants it.
Modeling of frequency dependent losses in two-port and three-port inductors on silicon (2003)

New compact model forms for two-port and three-port symmetric inductors fabricated on silicon are discussed in this paper. These new models incorporate a frequency independent RL network that mimics the skin effect behavior of transmission lines on conductive substrates and can accurately predict the inductive behavior as well as the one-port single-ended and the one-port differential Q of these devices at microwave and millimeter wave frequencies. The new models are validated on inductors fabricated in a thick plated copper process.
Role of intratumoral NK cells in triple-negative breast cancer in the FinXX trial and Mayo Clinic cohort. (2020)

510 Background: Several studies have established the critical role of preexisting immune response in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Most studies evaluated the tumor infiltrating lymphocytes in stroma. However, limited data are available with regards to the importance of specific subtypes and spatial distribution of these immune infiltrates. Methods: NanoString IO360 gene expression analysis and Digital Spatial Profiling (DSP) were used. DSP was used to quantify 39 immune-related proteins in stromal and tumor-enriched segments from 44 TNBC samples from the FinXX trial (NCT00114816) and 335 samples from the Mayo Clinic (MC) cohort of centrally reviewed TNBC (Leon-Ferre BCRT 2018). In FinXX trial, 22 patients with recurrence and 22 patients without recurrence were included. In MC cohort, 217/335 patients received adjuvant chemotherapy while 118 patients had surgery only without adjuvant chemotherapy. Regions were segmented based on pancytokeratin staining. The general linear model was used for statistical analysis of differential expression with recurrence free survival (RFS) as a categorical variable (recur yes or no). Kaplan-Meier estimates and Cox regression models were also used for analysis. Results: In the FinXX trial, using global gene expression analysis with IO360, there was no signature significantly associated with RFS. However, using DSP, high protein expression of CD56 in the tumor-enriched segments was associated with significant improvement in RFS (HR 0.26, 95%CI 0.09-0.78, p 0.01). Nevertheless, CD56 expression in the stroma (HR 0.66, 95%CI 0.29-1.53, p 0.33) and all segments (HR 0.53, 95%CI 0.23-1.25, p 0.14) was not significantly associated with improved outcome. We further validated these findings in the MC TNBC cohort where intratumoral CD56 expression was associated with a significant improvement in RFS (HR 0.23, p 0.002) but not stromal CD56 (p 0.79). Interestingly, when evaluating the MC TNBC cohort according to receipt of chemotherapy, intratumoral CD56 was associated with improved outcome only in patients who received chemotherapy (p 0.02 vs. 0.07). In both cohorts, higher expressions of intratumoral PD-L1, HLA-DR, and CD8 were associated with improved outcome. Conclusions: Using an in-depth analysis with spatially defined context, we identify that intratumoral CD56-positive NK cells are associated with improved outcome in TNBC. Our study highlights the potential role of NK cells in TNBC and future implications for biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Support: W81XWH-15-1-0292, P50CA116201-9, P50CA015083. Clinical trial information: NCT00114816 .
Controlled Release of Chol-TEG-DNA from Nano- and Micropatterned SU-8 Surfaces by a Spreading Lipid Film (2007)

We report the controlled release of immobilized cholesteryl-tetraethyleneglycol-DNA (chol-DNA) from micropatterned SU-8 surfaces by a spreading lipid film. The release of chol-DNA is rapid and on the order of the spreading rate of the lipid film beta = 1-3 microm2/s ( approximately 10(5) molecules of DNA per second). The lipid film serves as a poor solvent for the DNA adduct, which upon contact redistributes into the aqueous phase. Thus, the release of DNA is accompanied by a change in surface hydrophobicity. The method can be used for creating arbitrary concentration profiles of DNA in solution over time or to dynamically change surface properties on demand in, for example, micro- and nanofluidic devices. Examples of DNA release from spiral, comb, meander, and triangular as well as from nanoscale SU-8 lanes are shown.
Modeling and analysis of read (RD) disturb in 1T-1STT MTJ memory bits (2010)

The paper presents a RD disturb model study of STT-MTJ memory bits. It shows that high-current short-pulsed RD may cause failure under hammer conditions. Analytical models for such have been developed and validated against numerical simulations.
Lessons for Social Entrepreneurs… and for their Benefactors (Innovations Case Discussion: Benetech) (2008)

In his article, "Developing Information Technology to Meet Social Needs," Jim Fruchterman describes the evolution of Benetech and its social entrepreneurial programs, starting from his college days through his discovery of the field, his first company, and the current Benetech programs that are applying technology to human rights and to literacy for people with disabilities.The narrative is not only interesting as an overview of the ongoing programs of Benetech but also as a valuable look into what works and doesn't in these types of efforts.Jim's write-up illustrates many of the keys to successful social entrepreneurship.Jim and Benetech are unique in many ways, but it is unfortunate that there are not more like them.There is great need for more people and efforts of this type.For those who dream about helping people but don't know how, Jim lays out a model that can be used by others.The purpose of this commentary is to highlight some key principles illustrated in Jim's narrative in an attempt to foster more such endeavors and to help those who do venture forth in the arena to be successful.However, this article also provides comments for foundations and social benefactors that fund such efforts, and some thoughts on how these funders can help to encourage and foster the development of new entrepreneurs in the social space. NEW PRINCIPLES OR JUST THE APPLICATION OF OLD STANDARDS?Many of the aspects highlighted will look like old standbys to those who study business and entrepreneurship in general.Unfortunately, they are not always practiced in business (usually with predictable results), and for some reason those in social entrepreneurship often think that they do not apply to them.In reading through Jim's narrative, it is clear that his success can be attributed in part to following these principles or to the ability of Jim and his team to re-discover and
A new ligand for the urotensin II receptor (2002)

The cyclic peptide human urotensin II (U-II) has been recently recognized as the endogenous ligand of an orphan GPCR, subsequently named the UT receptor. No synthetic ligands are available for investigating this novel peptide-receptor system. A novel UT receptor ligand, [Orn(8)]U-II, was synthesized and evaluated in calcium functional assays performed on HEK293 cells expressing the recombinant rat and human UT receptor and in the rat aorta bioassay. [Orn(8)]U-II behaves as a full agonist (pEC(50) approximately equal 8) at both human and rat UT receptors in the FlipR calcium assay eliciting similar maximal effects as the natural ligand U-II. On the contrary, in the rat aorta bioassay, [Orn(8)]U-II behaves as a competitive and selective antagonist (pA(2)=6.56) showing however a small but consistent residual agonist activity. It is therefore proposed that [Orn(8)]U-II is a partial agonist at UT receptors.
The impact of observer dynamics on sonar perception (2004)

The minimum information necessary for a moving observer to track objects depends on body dynamics, sensor design, sensor configuration, and environmental perturbations. This paper will present governing equations relating sonar measurements to 6 DOF dynamics, and eight nondimensional parameters describing the transitions between various regimes. Using nondimensional analysis, it will be shown that to minimize second-order effects, an observer should increase its ping rate as it approaches a target. Bats have been observed to increase their ping rate as they approach a target [Altringham, Bats: Biology and Behavior (1996)]. Alternatively, an observer might use a target’s angular rate to predict second-order range effects. This requires the angular rate to become observable prior to second-order range effects becoming observable. This yields a design constraint relating velocity, ping rate, and aperture, but not wavelength. Based on this constraint, it appears some marine mammals could track objects in the second-order regime [Au, The Sonar of Dolphins (1993)]. [Work supported by ONR.]