gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total synthesis of the second messenger analogue D-myo-inositol 1-phosphorothioate 4,5-bisphosphate: optical resolution of DL-1-O-allyl-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol and fluorescent labelling of myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (1992)

Two routes for the synthesis of the myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate analogue myo-inositol 1-phosphorothioate 4,5-bisphosphate have been devised. DL-2,3,6-Tri-O-benzyl-1-O-(cis-prop-1-enyl)-myo-inositol was prepared from DL-1-O-allyl-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol and phosphorylated to the protected 4,5-biphosphate. Removal of the propenyl group generated DL-1,2,4-tri-O-benzyl-5,6-bis[bis(2-cyanoethoxy)phospho]-myo-inositol which was thiophosphorylated to give DL-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-1-O-[bis(2-cyanoethoxy)thiophospho]-4,5-bis[bis(2-cyanoethoxy)phospho]-myo-inositol. Deblocking afforded racemic myo-inositol 1-phosphorothioate 4,5-bisphosphate, which was reacted with the iodoketone of a fluorescent label to generate a fluorescently labelled inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate analogue. DL-1-O-Allyl-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol was resolved into its enantiomers by means of the crystalline 4,5-biscamphanate ester. 1 D-(+)-1-O-Allyl-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol was used to prepare D-myo-inositol 1-phosphorothioate 4,5-bisphosphate in a fashion analogous to the racemic modification via1 D-(+)-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-1-O-(cis-prop-1-enyl)-4,5-bis[bis(2-cyanoethoxy)phospho]-myo-inositol.In a second route, DL-1,2-O-isopropylidene-3,6-di-O-benzyl-myo-inositol was converted into the corresponding 4,5-dibutyrate. Removal of the isopropylidene group gave DL-1,4,-di-O-benzyl-5,6-di-O-butyryl-myo-inositol which was converted into the corresponding 1-O-p-methoxybenzyl ether via the 1,2-O-dibutylstannylidene derivative. Benzylation of the 2-position and removal of the butyrates yielded DL-1-O-p-methoxybenzyl-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-myo-inositol which was phosphorylated to DL-1-O-p-methoxybenzyl-2,3,6-tri-O-benzyl-4,5-bis[bis(2-cyanoethoxy)phospho]-myo-inositol.Removal of the p-methoxybenzyl group gave the key intermediate DL-1,2,4-tri-O-benzyl-5,6-bis[bis(2-cyanoethoxy)phospho]-myo-inositol, which could be further elaborated to myo-inositol 1-phosphorothioate 4,5-bisphosphate.
Glucose utilization during gonadotropin-induced meiotic maturation in cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes (1996)

Earlier work from this laboratory has determined that glucose plays an important role in the mechanisms regulating meiotic maturation in mammalian oocytes. In the current study, we have further explored the role of glucose in hormone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown (GVB) in an effort to better understand how glucose utilization and metabolism relate to the control of meiotic maturation in mouse cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes (CEO). When CEO were cultured in medium containing 4 mM hypoxanthine (to maintain meiotic arrest), 5.5 mM glucose, and 0.23 mM pyruvate, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulated lactate accumulation in a time-dependent manner. Addition of 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) to the medium at various times after the initiation of culture resulted in rapid termination of lactate production and suppression of FSH-induced GVB scored after 18 hr of culture, the effectiveness diminishing the longer the delay before addition of 2-DG. By 8 hr, addition of 2-DG was without effect on GVB. Similar effects were seen when FSH-treated CEO were washed free of glucose. In a 2-DG dose-response experiment, gonadotropin-induced lactate production was prevented, but this inhibition did not necessarily prevent GVB. The activities of six metabolic enzymes were measured in extracts of freshly isolated complexes, and in order of increasing activity were: hexokinase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and pyruvate kinase. Of the six enzymes examined, only hexokinase activity was increased in CEO exposed to FSH. CEO were cultured in microdrops in the presence or absence of FSH, and aliquots from the same microdrop were assayed for glucose, lactate, and pyruvate. In response to FSH, utilization of glucose in microdrop cultures by CEO was markedly increased and was accompanied by comparable lactate production and limited pyruvate production. Cycloheximide and alpha-amanitin both blocked FSH-induced oocyte maturation, but only cycloheximide prevented the increase in hexokinase activity and glucose consumption. These data suggest that hexokinase is an important rate-limiting enzyme for glucose utilization that is under translational control and participates in the mechanisms controlling the reinitiation of meiosis. However, stimulation of glycolytic activity does not appear to be a necessary concomitant for meiotic induction.
Robust algorithm to generate a diverse class of dense disordered and ordered sphere packings via linear programming (2010)

We have formulated the problem of generating dense packings of nonoverlapping, nontiling nonspherical particles within an adaptive fundamental cell subject to periodic boundary conditions as an optimization problem called the adaptive-shrinking cell (ASC) formulation [S. Torquato and Y. Jiao, Phys. Rev. E 80, 041104 (2009)]. Because the objective function and impenetrability constraints can be exactly linearized for sphere packings with a size distribution in d-dimensional Euclidean space R(d), it is most suitable and natural to solve the corresponding ASC optimization problem using sequential-linear-programming (SLP) techniques. We implement an SLP solution to produce robustly a wide spectrum of jammed sphere packings in R(d) for d=2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 with a diversity of disorder and densities up to the respective maximal densities. A novel feature of this deterministic algorithm is that it can produce a broad range of inherent structures (locally maximally dense and mechanically stable packings), besides the usual disordered ones (such as the maximally random jammed state), with very small computational cost compared to that of the best known packing algorithms by tuning the radius of the influence sphere. For example, in three dimensions, we show that it can produce with high probability a variety of strictly jammed packings with a packing density anywhere in the wide range [0.6, 0.7408...], where π/√18 = 0.7408... corresponds to the density of the densest packing. We also apply the algorithm to generate various disordered packings as well as the maximally dense packings for d=2, 4, 5, and 6. Our jammed sphere packings are characterized and compared to the corresponding packings generated by the well-known Lubachevsky-Stillinger (LS) molecular-dynamics packing algorithm. Compared to the LS procedure, our SLP protocol is able to ensure that the final packings are truly jammed, produces disordered jammed packings with anomalously low densities, and is appreciably more robust and computationally faster at generating maximally dense packings, especially as the space dimension increases.
Methods and reproducibility of cardiac/respiratory double‐triggered 1H‐MR spectroscopy of the human heart (1999)

Localized 1H-MR spectroscopy is sensitive to motion and has mostly been applied to the brain. For the human heart, cardiac and respiratory motion lead to displacements on the order of the localized voxel and lead to substantial variations of voxel content, lineshape, water suppression, and signal phase and amplitude. Combined respiratory and cardiac double triggering can avoid these complications to a large extent. Three methods of double triggering are evaluated, with reproducibility established in nine subjects for a method based on respiratory modulation of the ECG amplitude and a visual feedback mechanism. Quantitated with respect to water, within-subject reproducibilities for this setup were 9% for trimethylammonium compounds, 10% for creatine/phosphocreatine, and 13% for lipids. ANOVA showed significant differences between subjects which may relate to natural variability between subjects or exact location within the heart. Unresolved issues for this technique are its susceptibility to precise placement of ECG electrodes and the reasons for failure in 20% of examination. With this technique it is possible to investigate open questions in cardiac pathophysiology, such as the creatine content in chronic heart disease. Variants of this triggering method may also improve cardiovascular MRI methods relying on data acquired in several heartbeats. Magn Reson Med 42:903–910, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Enhanced carbonyl stress induces irreversible multimerization of CRMP2 in schizophrenia pathogenesis (2019)

Enhanced carbonyl stress underlies a subset of schizophrenia, but its causal effects remain elusive. Here, we elucidated the molecular mechanism underlying the effects of carbonyl stress in iPS cells in which the gene encoding zinc metalloenzyme glyoxalase I (<i>GLO1</i>), a crucial enzyme for the clearance of carbonyl stress, was disrupted. The iPS cells exhibited significant cellular and developmental deficits, and hyper-carbonylation of collapsing response mediator protein 2 (CRMP2). Structural and biochemical analyses revealed an array of multiple carbonylation sites in the functional motifs of CRMP2, particularly D-hook (for dimerization) and T-site (for tetramerization), which are critical for the activity of the CRMP2 tetramer. Interestingly, carbonylated CRMP2 was stacked in the multimer conformation by irreversible cross-linking, resulting in loss of its unique function to bundle microtubules. Thus, the present study revealed that the enhanced carbonyl stress stemmed from the genetic aberrations results in neurodevelopmental deficits through the formation of irreversible dysfunctional multimer of carbonylated CRMP2.
Study of Fiber-Based Doppler Lidar for Airborne Turbulence Sensor. (2001)

We have proposed and studied a fiber-based Doppler lidar for airborne turbulence sensor. A lidar with small size, high reliability, and high flexibility of arrangement could be achieved by combining fiber-based optics, which are commercially available as optical components utilized in optical fiber communicationsystems, and high repetition rate operation with large number signal integration data processing methods toimprove the SN ratio. In the design assuming the measurement distance of 3km and data renewing rate of 1Hz, required output peak powers with transmitted pulse repetition duty cycle of 5% are as low as 1.5 W, 11 W, and 130 W at the airplane altitude of 1 km, 5 km, and 10 km, respectively. In the ground based primary experiment with the output peak power level of 10W, the wind velocity up to the distance of 2.5 km could be measured with SN ratio of more than 8dB at the data renewing rate of as high as 50Hz. The result well coincideswith predicted theoretical value. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of fiber based Doppler lidar for long range wind measurement with a high data renewal rate. By developing fiber amplifiers, which output the pulse peak power of about -kW, and effective signal integration data processing methods, this sensor could become useful for airborne turbulence detection with measurement distance up to 10 km and measurementaltitude of 10km.
Keep PNUTS in Your Heart (2013)

Aging is a major factor in many cardiovascular diseases. The molecular factors that regulate age-related changes in cardiac physiology and contribute to the increased cardiovascular risk in the elderly are not fully understood. A study recently published in Nature suggests a specific role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in regulating cardiac aging and function, challenging the concept that aging is an inevitable process in the heart.
Errata to “Full-Vector Finite-Element Beam Propagation Method for Helicoidal Waveguides and its Application to Twisted Photonic Crystal Fibers” [Jul 17 2894-2901] (2018)

Presents corrections to the paper, “Full-vector finite-element beam propagation method for helicoidal waveguides and its application to twisted photonic crystal fibers,” (Fujisawa, T., et al), J. Lightw. Technol., vol. 35, no. 14, pp. 2894–2901,
Supplementary Fig. S7 from Emergence of Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer is Associated with BCL-2 and IKKB Dependencies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Emergence of ENZ resistance can be prevented by BCL-2 or IKKB inhibitor in vivo and is associated with IKKB upregulation&lt;/p&gt;
Disease‐modifying effects of Glucosamine HCl involving regulation of metalloproteinases and chemokines activated by interleukin‐1β in human primary synovial fibroblasts (2007)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible involvement of synovium in cartilage destruction in osteoarthritis (OA) patients. Using human primary synovial fibroblasts (HPSFs), we examined the effects of glucosamine (GLN) on the regulation of the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-1, -2, and -13) and chemokines (IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES) as well as the involvement of MAPK signal pathways (JNK, ERK, and p-38) and the transcription factor of NF-kappaB on the present or absence of interleukin (IL)-1beta. Our experiments showed that protein production and mRNA expressions of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES were downregulated by treatment with glucosamine in HPSFs. The results further showed that GLN could inhibit IkappaBalpha phosphorylation and IkappaBalpha degradation leading to inhibition of the translocation of NF-kappaB to nuclei. However, GLN upregulated MAPKs pathways in HPSFs cells with or without IL-1beta. The results suggest that the inhibition of MMP-1, -3, and -13 expressions as well as IL-8, MCP-1, and RANTES productions by GLN might mediate suppression of NF-kappaB signal pathways, and HPSFs seem to have a potential functions as an alternative source of MMPs and chemokines for inducing the degradation of cartilage in OA.
Structure of Polymers (2012)

No AccessMaterials Science of Polymers for EngineersSep 2012Structure of PolymersTim A. Osswald, Georg MengesTim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Georg MengesSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569905241.003SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2012Pages: 49-82Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-514-2eISBN: 978-1-56990-524-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2012 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis by water extract of Strychni Semen in human gastric carcinoma AGS cells (2008)

The seed of Strychnos nux-vomica (Loganiaceae) has been used in traditional Oriental medicine as a folk remedy for the treatment of cancer. However, the mechanism responsible for the anticancer effects of Strychni Semen is not clearly understood. The study tested whether and how the water extract of Strychni Semen (ESS) treatment would affect the growth of AGS human gastric carcinoma cells. ESS was found to inhibit the growth of AGS cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis showed G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in AGS cells following ESS treatment. ESS-mediated G2/M arrest was found to be associated with up-regulation of cyclin A, Cdc2, tumor suppressor p53 and cyclin dependent kinase (Cdk) inhibitor p21(WAF1/CIP1), whereas the expressions of other G2/M regulatory proteins, including cyclin B1 and Cdk2, were down-regulated compared with the control. The induction of apoptotic cell death by ESS was associated with down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 and up-regulation of pro-apoptotic Bax expression. Further results indicate that caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9 are all activated by ESS, together with cleavage of downstream caspase-3 target proteins. Taken together, the results of this study suggest the involvement of multiple signaling pathways targeted by ESS in mediating G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in AGS cells, and warrant further investigation.
The Two‐interval Line‐segment Problem (1998)

In this paper we define and study the non‐parametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) in the one‐dimensional line‐segment problem, where we observe line‐segments on the real line through an interval with a gap which is smaller than the two remaining intervals. We define the self‐consistency equations for the NPMLE and provide a quick algorithm for solving them. We prove supremum norm weak convergence to a Gaussian process and efficiency of the NPMLE. The problem has a geological application in the study of the lifespan of species
Parametric Study of the Swirler/Venturi Spray Injectors (2001)

An experimental parametric study is carried out to characterize the spray from swirler/venturi injectors (SVIs) insidea steady-e owpressurechamber. In this study,venturi tubeswith diffuseranglesof 20, 40, 60, and 80 deg and different throat lengths are combined with different swirlers with vane angles of 30, 45, and 60 deg to investigate their combined effect on spray structure. The ambient pressure conditions inside the chamber were varied from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa to simulate the relevant gas turbine density and momentum condition. For simplicity, water is used to present liquid fuel. Focusing on the spray atomization and dispersion aspects, laser diagnostic techniques are used to characterize the isothermal spray structure, including phase Doppler particle analyzer and copper-vapor laser-sheet visualization. Pressure drop across the SVI is also measured. It was found that the pressure drop and droplet size are dominated by the throat velocity, but are modie ed signie cantly by the divergent angle, throat length, and swirler. It is also shown that matching the correct swirler with the venturi geometry is important to obtain optimal liquid atomization and droplet distribution.
A Specific Population of Gonadotrophs Purified from Immature Female Rat Pituitary (1976)

When dispersed pituitary cells from 14-day-old female rats were sedimented in a bovine serum albumin gradient, a fraction was isolated which consisted of almost 90 percent of large cells that stained purple in the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reaction. Immunostaining indicated that over 85 percent of these PAS-purple cells were gonadotrophs containing both follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone. Reproducible cell cultures could be obtained on poly-L-lysine coated dishes. As early as the second day in culture, the secretion of both follicle stimulating and luteinizing hormone was highly stimulated by luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone. The effect of FSH was as marked as that on LH. The data suggest that the isolated gonadotrophs are a specific functional subtype.
Coherent Subcarrier-WDM-PON System with SSB Modulation and Wavelength Reuse (2013)

We propose a Subcarrier-WDM-PON system suitable for up to 320 users, using SSB modulation and wavelength reuse for colorless ONUs. The experimental results have shown the feasibility of such a concept.
Optimization of reconstruction parameters for FDG and amyloid brain PET imaging (2014)

2087 Objectives The purpose of this study was to optimize reconstruction parameters for 18F-FDG (185MBq, 30min from 30min p.i.), 11C-PiB (555MBq, 20min from 50min p.i.), 18F-Florbetapir (370MBq, 20min from 50min p.i.) and 18F-Flutemetamol (185MBq, 30min from 90min p.i.) brain PET imaging based on the standard scanning protocol and site qualification program of Japanese Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative 2 (J-ADNI2). Methods We used a Discovery-690 (GE), a Hoffman 3-D brain phantom and cylindrical pool phantom. We evaluated the image quality according to J-ADNI2 site qualification program. The radioactivity of 20MBq was filled in the Hoffman phantom based on the clinical brain FDG PET image data of J-ADNI. The 30min acquisition list-mode data were sorted as to form multiple images of different count statistics corresponding to each radiotracer. PET images were reconstructed by OSEM with variable reconstruction parameters. Regions of interest (ROIs) were placed on white and gray matter on the digital phantom image based on the design of the Hoffman phantom. We applied these ROIs to the co-registered PET images, and then calculated %contrast. Large circular ROIs were placed on the cylindrical phantom image to calculate the coefficient of variation (CV) for image noise evaluation. According to J-ADNI2 qualification program, %contrast≥55% and CV≤15% were criteria for image quality, which had been determined based on J-ADNI site qualification data to obtain sufficient image quality and spatial resolution. Results A sufficient image quality was obtained at iterative update (product of iteration and subset) of 60-80 for 18F-FDG and 18F-Florbetapir brain imaging with Discovery-690. On the other hand, the same reconstruction filter with additional Gaussian filter of 4mm FWHM was suitable for 11C-PiB and 18F-Flutemetamol images to achieve the criteria of J-ADNI2 for practical reasons. Conclusions We could optimize reconstruction parameters for the brain PET imaging based on this phantom test for a multicenter study of J-ADNI2.
Thermal Characteristics of Thin Film VCSELs for Fully Embedded Chip-to-Chip Guided-Wave Optical Interconnection (2006)

The thermal characteristics of a thin film VCSEL are studied both theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical analysis of thermal via effects is performed to determine optimized thickness range of VCSEL for the fully embedded structure.
Three circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 contribute to winter depression (2007)

Variations in the three circadian clock genes Per2, Arntl, and Npas2 are associated with the disease, supporting the hypothesis that the circadian clock mechanisms contribute to winter depression.
Chaotic PSO-Based VAR Control Considering Renewables Using Fast Probabilistic Power Flow (2014)

The roles of reactive power control in a distribution system become essential due to the high penetration of distributed generations (DG) these days. Proper reactive power control can reduce real power losses and regulate the voltage profile in a power system. However, intermittent characteristics of DGs (e.g., renewable energies from wind and solar power) impose uncertainty on power generation in the power system. Therefore, this paper presents a novel fast probabilistic power-flow (FPPF) method based on the Gram-Charlier series expansion to deal with such uncertainty. The FPPF method only deals with stochastic variations of random variables with respect to the expected values, thus reducing the number of iterations. Moreover, the chaotic particle swarm optimization is used to adjust generator voltages, transformer taps, and static compensators to minimize the real power losses while the stochastic voltages satisfy the operational limits. Applicability of the proposed method is verified through simulation using an autonomous 25-bus (Penghu) system and the IEEE 118-bus system. Comparative studies considering traditional probabilistic power-flow methods are performed as well.
Rapid activation of MDR1 gene expression in human metastatic sarcoma after in vivo exposure to doxorubicin. (1999)

Overexpression of P-glycoprotein (Pgp), a multidrug transporter encoded by the MDR1 gene, is associated with chemoresistance in some human solid tumor malignancies. To date, analyses of MDR1 levels in solid tumors have examined constitutive increases in expression at relapse. In the present study, we have evaluated the acute induction of MDR1 gene expression in a solid human tumor as a function of time in response to in vivo exposure to chemotherapy. Five patients with unresectable sarcoma pulmonary metastases underwent isolated single lung perfusion with doxorubicin. Relative MDR1 gene expression was measured in metastatic tumor nodules and normal lung specimens after initiation of chemoperfusion. In four of five patients, a 3-15-fold (median, 6.8) increase in MDR1 RNA levels was detected in tumors at 50 min after administration of doxorubicin. In contrast, normal lung samples had very low levels of MDR1 RNA prior to perfusion, and no acute increases were observed after therapy. These findings demonstrate, for the first time, that MDR1 gene expression can be rapidly activated in human tumors after transient in vivo exposure to cytotoxic chemotherapy.