gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compact gyrotron FU CW CI for 600 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy and hybrid quantum beam technologies (2012)

Gyrotron FU CW CI is developed as one of sub-THz gyrotrons included in the FU CW series. The advantage of the gyrotron is compactness using a compact superconducting magnet and compact power supply system, which makes the accesses of the gyrotron to applied large-scale devices easier and extends the applications of gyrotron to wider fields. The designed frequency and cavity mode are 394.5 GHz and TE26 mode for application to the 600 MHz DNP-NMR spectroscopy. As the operation results, the frequency and the output power were 394.03 GHz and around 40 W, respectively, which are available for the application to the 600 MHz DNP-NMR measurement. In addition, this gyrotron can operate at many other frequencies and cavity modes for application to high power THz technologies in wide fields. In this paper, the design and the operation results are presented.
Contextual Density Ratio for Language Model Biasing of Sequence to Sequence ASR Systems (2021)

End-2-end (E2E) models have become increasingly popular in some ASR tasks because of their performance and advantages. These E2E models directly approximate the posterior distribution of tokens given the acoustic inputs. Consequently, the E2E systems implicitly define a language model (LM) over the output tokens, which makes the exploitation of independently trained language models less straightforward than in conventional ASR systems. This makes it difficult to dynamically adapt E2E ASR system to contextual profiles for better recognizing special words such as named entities. In this work, we propose a contextual density ratio approach for both training a contextual aware E2E model and adapting the language model to named entities. We apply the aforementioned technique to an E2E ASR system, which transcribes doctor and patient conversations, for better adapting the E2E system to the names in the conversations. Our proposed technique achieves a relative improvement of up to 46.5% on the names over an E2E baseline without degrading the overall recognition accuracy of the whole test set. Moreover, it also surpasses a contextual shallow fusion baseline by 22.1 % relative.
Quorum sensing controls the Pseudomonas aeruginosa CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system (2016)

CRISPR-Cas are prokaryotic adaptive immune systems that provide protection against bacteriophage (phage) and other parasites. Little is known about how CRISPR-Cas systems are regulated, preventing prediction of phage dynamics in nature and manipulation of phage resistance in clinical settings. Here, we show that the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA14 uses the cell-cell communication process, called quorum sensing, to activate cas gene expression, to increase CRISPR-Cas targeting of foreign DNA, and to promote CRISPR adaptation, all at high cell density. This regulatory mechanism ensures maximum CRISPR-Cas function when bacterial populations are at highest risk for phage infection. We demonstrate that CRISPR-Cas activity and acquisition of resistance can be modulated by administration of pro- and antiquorum-sensing compounds. We propose that quorum-sensing inhibitors could be used to suppress the CRISPR-Cas adaptive immune system to enhance medical applications, including phage therapies.
Modularity of RBC hitchhiking with polymeric nanoparticles: testing the limits of non-covalent adsorption (2022)

Red blood cell (RBC) hitchhiking has great potential in enhancing drug therapy, by improving targeting and reducing rapid clearance of nanoparticles (NPs). However, to improve the potential for clinical translation of RBC hitchhiking, a more thorough understanding of the RBC-NP interface is needed. Here, we evaluate the effects of NP surface parameters on the success and biocompatibility of NP adsorption to extracted RBCs from various species. Major differences in RBC characteristics between rabbit, mouse and human were proven to significantly impact NP adsorption outcomes. Additionally, the effects of NP design parameters, including NP hydrophobicity, zeta potential, surfactant concentration and drug encapsulation, on RBC hitchhiking are investigated. Our studies demonstrate the importance of electrostatic interactions in balancing NP adsorption success and biocompatibility. We further investigated the effect of varying the anti-coagulant used for blood storage. The results presented here offer new insights into the parameters that impact NP adsorption on RBCs that will assist researchers in experimental design choices for using RBC hitchhiking as drug delivery strategy.
Lane Line Map Estimation for Visual Alignment (2020)

Lane detection is important for visualization-tasks as well as autonomous driving. However, recent approaches have focused principally on the latter part, employing sophisticated sensors. This paper presents a novel lane line map estimation method from single images, which is applicable for visualization tasks such as augmented reality (AR) navigation. Our learning-based approach is designed for sparse lane data under perspective view. It works reliably even in various difficult situations, such as those involving irregular data forms, sensor variations, dynamic environments, and obstacles. We also suggest the visual alignment concept to define visual matching between the estimated lane line map and the corresponding external map, thereby enabling the conversion of various applications related to visualization into score maximization. Experimental results demonstrated that the proposed method could not only be directly used for lane-based 2D data augmentation but also be extended to 3D localization, for viewpoint pose estimation, which is essential for various AR scenarios.
Microinjection of the SH2 Domain of the 85-Kilodalton Subunit of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Inhibits Insulin-Induced DNA Synthesis and c-fos Expression (1994)

We have investigated the functional role of the SH2 domain of the 85-kDa subunit (p85) of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase in the insulin signal transduction pathway. Microinjection of a bacterial fusion protein containing the N-terminal SH2 domain of p85 inhibited insulin- and other growth factor-induced DNA synthesis by 90% and c-fos protein expression by 80% in insulin-responsive rat fibroblasts. The specificity of the fusion protein was examined by in vitro precipitation experiments, which showed that the SH2 domain of p85 can independently associate with both insulin receptor substrate 1 and the insulin receptor itself in the absence of detectable binding to other phosphoproteins. The microinjection results were confirmed through the use of an affinity-purified antibody directed against p85, which gave the same phenotype. Additional studies were carried out in another cell line expressing mutant insulin receptors which lack the cytoplasmic tyrosine residues with which p85 interacts. Microinjection of the SH2 domain fusion protein also inhibited insulin signaling in these cells, suggesting that association of p85 with insulin receptor substrate 1 is a key element in insulin-mediated cell cycle progression. In addition, coinjection of purified p21ras protein with the p85 fusion protein or the antibody restored DNA synthesis, suggesting that ras function is either downstream or independent of p85 SH2 domain interaction.
2712. Safety and Immunogenicity of two Doses of ExPEC4V Vaccine Against Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Disease in Healthy Adult Participants (2019)

Abstract Background The ExPEC4V vaccine contains 4 Escherichia coli O-antigens (O1A, O2, O6A, O25B) conjugated to exotoxin protein A and is being studied for prevention of Invasive Extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) Disease (IED). This phase-2 double-blind study assessed safety and immunogenicity of ExPEC4V Clinical Trial Material (CTM), manufactured via a redesigned process (optimized O1A strain). Methods Participants (≥18 years) in stable health were randomized (3:1) to receive ExPEC4V dose 4:4:4:8 μg PS/serotype or placebo on Day 1 and second vaccination on Day 181 (6 months after first vaccination). Participants will be followed for safety until end of study at Day 360. Reactogenicity and immunogenicity (by ELISA, opsonophagocytic killing [OPA] assays) were evaluated pre-vaccination, and 15 days after first and second vaccinations (Day 195). Results Of 100 participants randomized (mean age 56, 48% males) and vaccinated (ExPEC4V, n = 75; placebo, n = 25), 97 completed Day 30. Solicited local AEs were higher for ExPEC4V (38.7%) than placebo (20%); most frequent was pain/tenderness (38.7% vs 20%). Solicited systemic AEs were higher in ExPEC4V (49.3%) than placebo (20%); most frequent was fatigue (32% vs. 12%). No serious or grade 3 solicited local AEs were reported. One participant in ExPEC4V experienced a grade 3 solicited systemic fatigue considered vaccine-related by investigator. ExPEC4V demonstrated immune responses against all serotypes at Day 15. Geometric mean titer effective concentration rank by serotypes was O2 &gt; O1A &gt; O6 &gt; O25B (Figures 1 and 2). At Day 15, ≥ 82% of participants in ExPEC4V and none in placebo had ≥2-fold increase from baseline of ELISA titer for all serotypes. In ExPEC4V, ≥47% had ≥2-fold increase from baseline of OPA titer for all serotypes, while 8% in placebo had ≥2-fold increase only for O6A. Good correlation was observed between ELISA and OPA across serotypes (r ≥ 0.76). Conclusion ExPEC4V elicited robust and functional immune responses across all serotypes and was well tolerated with no vaccine safety findings. This study supports the development of future multivalent ExPEC vaccine to prevent IED. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
False-Positive Results in a Recombinant Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Associated Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) Nucleocapsid-Based Western Blot Assay Were Rectified by the Use of Two Subunits (S1 and S2) of Spike for Detection of Antibody to SARS-CoV (2006)

To evaluate the reactivity of the recombinant proteins expressed in Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3), a Western blot assay was performed by using a panel of 78 serum samples obtained, respectively, from convalescent-phase patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV) (30 samples) and from healthy donors (48 samples). As antigen for detection of SARS-CoV, the nucleocapsid protein (N) showed high sensitivity and strong reactivity with all samples from SARS-CoV patients and cross-reacted with all serum samples from healthy subjects, with either those obtained from China (10 samples) or those obtained from France (38 serum samples), giving then a significant rate of false positives. Specifically, our data indicated that the two subunits, S1 (residues 14 to 760) and S2 (residues 761 to 1190), resulted from the divided spike reacted with all samples from SARS-CoV patients and without any cross-reactivity with any of the healthy serum samples. Consequently, these data revealed the nonspecific nature of N protein in serodiagnosis of SARS-CoV compared with the S1 and S2, where the specificity is of 100%. Moreover, the reported results indicated that the use of one single protein as a detection antigen of SARS-CoV infection may lead to false-positive diagnosis. These may be rectified by using more than one protein for the serodiagnosis of SARS-CoV.
Advances in resist pattern transfer process using 157-nm lithography (2004)

The bilayer process we developed for 157-nm lithography uses a fluorine-containing silsesquioxane-type resist (F-SSQ). Gate fabrication is done by using a F-SSQ(90 nm)/organic film(200 nm)/poly-Si(150 nm)/SiO<sub>2</sub>(10 nm)/Si structure. The organic film works well as an anti-reflecting layer. Using a microstepper with a numerical aperture of 0.90 and optimizing the resist thickness, we made a 50-nm 1:1 line-and-space (L/S) pattern by using an alternative phase-shifting mask and made a 45-nm SRAM by using a chromeless phase lithography mask. Neither resist pattern footing nor undercutting was observed on the organic film. The reactive ion etching (RIE) selectivity between the F-SSQ and the organic film was sufficient (about 7), the resist pattern was transferred to the underlayer, and both 50-nm 1:1 L/S and 45-nm SRAM gate patterns were made using the organic film as an etching mask. Contact hole (C/H) fabrication is done by using a F-SSQ(105 nm)/organic film(400 nm)/tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)-SiO<sub>2</sub>(1200 nm)/Si structure, and we made a 75-nm 1:1 C/H pattern by using the microstepper with a binary mask. The RIE selectivity was sufficient (about 15) for making high-aspect-ratio contact holes, and we made a 75-nm 1:1 C/H pattern in 1200-nm-thick TEOS. This bilayer process is thus promising for making 65-nm-node semiconductor devices.
New Cancer Immunotherapy Agents in Development: a report from an associated program of the 31stAnnual Meeting of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer, 2016 (2017)

This report is a summary of 'New Cancer Immunotherapy Agents in Development' program, which took place in association with the 31st Annual Meeting of the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC), on November 9, 2016 in National Harbor, Maryland. Presenters gave brief overviews of emerging clinical and pre-clinical immune-based agents and combinations, before participating in an extended panel discussion with multidisciplinary leaders, including members of the FDA, leading academic institutions and industrial drug developers, to consider topics relevant to the future of cancer immunotherapy.
Mobility Plans and Public Transport Authorities: Actions Taken in the Madrid Region (2012)

In order to receive public transportation subsidies, municipalities above a certain size in the European Union must develop sustainable urban mobility plans. This article discusses the development of mobility plans in the Madrid, Spain region. The Consorcio Regional de Transportes de Madrid (CRTM) has been charged with managing the mobility plans in the Madrid region. Of the 20 largest municipalities in the Madrid region, 15 have already developed mobility plans. The city of Madrid is creating its own mobility plan by developing separate but coordinated plans for each of its 21 districts. In another initiative to improve sustainable mobility in the Madrid region, the CRTM is developing training programs for experts on sustainable mobility plans and corporate mobility coordinators.
Power Relations and Social Mix (2014)

Spire est le dépôt institutionnel de la production scientifique de Sciences Po et contient le texte intégral des articles, ouvrages, chapitres d’ouvrages, working papers et communications dans des conférences de la communauté académique de Sciences Po.
Acoustic coprocessor for hmm based embedded speech recognition systems (2013)

This paper describes a hardware accelerator for calculating observation probabilities in Hidden Markov Model based embedded speech recognition systems. The architecture integrates an 8-way data-path with a high bandwidth NOR Flash array and calculates senone scores for all senones in the acoustic library. This improves system response time by a factor of 2 (compared to software solutions running on just the embedded CPU), while consuming only 210mW power. The reduced recognition latency enables use of larger acoustic models thereby reducing the recognition word error rate by 15.4%. The hardware supports scoring of some or all senones in the acoustic library and speaker adaptation using feature vector transforms <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> .
Nano-Safety Science for Assuring the Safety of Nanomaterials (2010)

Developments in nanotechnology have fostered the widespread use of a diverse array of nanomaterials such as nanosilicas and carbon nanotubes. Nanomaterials are already being used in electronics, sunscreens, cosmetics, and medicines, because they have unique physicochemical properties, such as conductivity, strength, durability, and chemical reactivity. The advent of nanomaterials has also provided extraordinary opportunities for biomedical applications. However, the increasing use of nanomaterials has raised public concern about their potential risks to human health. In particular, recent reports have indicated that carbon nanotubes induce severe inflammation and mesothelioma-like lesions in mice. In this regard, we have attempted to elucidate the pharmacodynamics and safety of nanomaterials in order to develop novel, safe nanomaterials and to establish scientifically based regulations. In this review, we introduce our data on the safety of nanosilicas, particularly the relationships among their physical properties (predominant grain size, configuration, and surface charge), pharmacodynamics, and safety. Our study will help to improve the quality of human life by establishing standards for the safe use of nanomaterials.
A thermally stable alane–secondary amine adduct: [H3Al(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)] (1994)

Metallation of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, HN[CMe2CH2]2CH2(HL), by H3AlNMe3 in diethyl ether affords a monomeric, Lewis base-stabilised amidoalane Me3NAIH2L, 1[Al–Namido, Namine 1.838(2), 2.058(2)Å], whereas treating AIH3 generated in situ with the same amine in diethyl ether yields a remarkably stable secondary amine adduct of alane H3Al(HL), 2(decomp. > 115 °C), also as a monomer in the solid [Al–NHL 2.04(1)Å].
Electrical Conduction in Magnesium Phosphate Glasses Containing Heavy Water (1989)

The relation between deconductivity and the concentration of protons or deuterons was investigated in 45MgO · 55P 2 O 5 (in mol%) glasses containing small amounts of “water.” The conductivity was shown to increase in proportion to the square of the proton concentration as reported in calcium phosphate glasses. The same relation was found to be valid for the deuterated specimens, although their conductivity was somewhat lower than that in the protonated glasses when compared at the same concentration of OD or OH groups. These results strongly suggest that protons are the charge carriers in these glasses. The conductivities were measured also for specimens containing both protons and deuterons in different ratios. No distinct deviation was observed from additivity within the concentration range examined.
Effect of ossicular-joint flexibility on bone conduction hearing—A finite-element model analysis (2017)

The mammalian ossicular chain contains three distinct bones typically connected by synovial joints, comprising of a flexible coupling path between the eardrum and cochlea. It is hypothesized that one role for ossicular joint flexibility is to reduce the ossicular input to the cochlea in response to self-generated bone-conducted sounds, but without significantly affecting the normal air-conduction pathway. This hypothesis is tested using a finite-element (FE) model of the human middle ear terminated in a cochlear load impedance. The FE model of the middle ear with accurate representations of the ossicles and ossicular-joint flexibility was developed from micro-CT images. The model was validated using experimental data taken with air-conduction stimulation. Calculations of 3D ossicular motion and intracochlear sound pressure in response to bone-conduction stimulation from 0.1 to 20 kHz were performed with the natural ossicular chain as well as with modifications in which one or both ossicular joints were fused. Comparison between the normal and modified ossicular chains helps to clarify the function of the ossicular-joint flexibility in bone conduction hearing. [Work supported by NIDCD R01 DC05960 and Hearing Health Foundation Emerging Research Grant 2016.]
Competition for self-peptide-MHC complexes and cytokines between naïve and memory CD8 + T cells expressing the same or different T cell receptors (2004)

To study competition between naïve and memory T cells, we examined proliferation of adoptively transferred naïve CD8(+) T cells in lymphopenic recipients or recipients containing a clonal population of CD8(+) T cells. We find a hierarchy in the extent of T cell proliferation that appears to correlate with the strength of T cell receptor (TCR)-self-peptide-MHC (pepMHC) interactions. CD8(+) T cells also proliferate in recipients containing a full complement of CD8(+) cells with a different TCR if the transferred T cells experience stronger TCR-self-pepMHC interactions than the resident T cells. Furthermore, CD8(+) T cells proliferate in recipients that contain memory CD8(+) cells with a different TCR, but in this case the relative strengths of TCR-self-pepMHC interactions are not as critical. In contrast, CD8(+) T cells do not proliferate significantly in recipients harboring naïve or memory CD8(+) cells that bear the same TCR as the transferred cells. These results suggest that, among naïve T cells and between naïve and memory T cells, CD8(+) cells having the same TCR compete for both self-pepMHC and cytokines, whereas TCR-different CD8(+) cells compete for cytokines. These competitive relationships probably help maintain the size and TCR diversity of naïve and memory T cell populations required for optimal immune responses.
Effect of CRAC Location on Fixed Rack Layout (2006)

Microprocessor driven escalation of thermal management needs has resulted in significant cooling challenges at the data center facility level, which can house thousands and tens of thousands of heat producing processors. Raised floor air ducting is the most common configuration, where chilled air from the air conditioning units is forced into the room via a under floor plenum and through perforated tiles on the floor. The hot air from the racks finds its way to the top of the air conditioning units and is then cooled and blown into the under floor plenum. The temperature at inlet of the racks is the key performance metric in evaluating the cooling performance data center facility. This rack inlet temperature is influenced by the air flow patterns within the room, which in turn is a function of several different factors such as the rack flow rates, the perforated tile location, the CRAC location, the room dimensions and geometry. In this paper the effect of the CRAC location of a fixed rack layout is studied. A representative raised floor data center was numerically modeled using commercially available software. The results of the simulations are utilized to gain insight into the flow patterns and the data from the parametric analysis is used to quantify the effect of CRAC (chilled air conditioning unit) location with respect to the computer racks.