gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early myocardial damage (EMD) and valvular dysfunction after femur fracture in pigs (2021)

Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries are the most common reason for surgery in severely injured patients. In addition to direct cardiac damage after physical trauma, there is rising evidence that trauma induces secondary cardiac structural and functional damage. Previous research associates hip fractures with the appearance of coronary heart disease: As 25% of elderly patients developed a major adverse cardiac event after hip fracture. 20 male pigs underwent femur fracture with operative stabilization via nailing (unreamed, reamed, RIA I and a new RIA II; each group n = 5). Blood samples were collected 6 h after trauma and the concentration of troponin I and heart-type fatty acid binding protein (HFABP) as biomarkers for EMD were measured. At baseline and 6 h after trauma, transesophageal ECHO (TOE) was performed; and invasive arterial and left ventricular blood pressure were measured to evaluate the cardiac function after femur fracture. A systemic elevation of troponin I and HFABP indicate an early myocardial damage after femur fracture in pigs. Furthermore, various changes in systolic (ejection fraction and cardiac output) and diastolic (left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, mitral valve deceleration time and E/A ratio) parameters illustrate the functional impairment of the heart. These findings were accompanied by the development of valvular dysfunction (pulmonary and tricuspid valve). To the best of our knowledge, we described for the first time the development of functional impairment of the heart in the context of EMD after long bone fracture in pigs. Next to troponin and HFABP elevation, alterations in the systolic and diastolic function occurred and were accompanied by pulmonary and tricuspid valvular insufficiency. Regarding EMD, none of the fracture stabilization techniques (unreamed nailing, reaming, RIA I and RIA II) was superior.
Controlling synchrony in oscillatory networks with a separate stimulation-registration setup (2007)

We present a demand-controlled method for desynchronization of globally coupled oscillatory networks utilizing a configuration with an observed and stimulated subsystem. The stimulated subsystem is subjected to a proportional-integro-differential (PID) feedback derived from the mean field of the observed subsystem. Our method enables to restore desynchronized states in both subsystems in a robust way. We develop an analytical theory for the Kuramoto model and analytically derive a threshold of the stimulation parameters for the desynchronization transition in ensembles of phase and van der Pol oscillators. We also numerically demonstrate the efficacy of the approach for ensembles of globally coupled Landau-Stuart and relaxation van der Pol oscillators. Our approach is particularly important for applications to physical and biological systems which do not allow for a simultaneous registration and stimulation of the whole network, as in the case of electrical brain stimulation.
Spatial distribution mapping of molecules in the grains of different rice landraces, using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2019)

DESI-MSI revealed the distribution of lipids and sugar molecules in the specific regions of the rice grains. Thus, molecules unique to some rice varieties were identified with this analytical platform. Mass spectrometry imaging of rice along with the elemental mapping by SEM-EDS will be of use in understanding the localization pattern of certain molecules in the context of metals present in the grain.
Conjugated‐Polymer/DNA Interpolyelectrolyte Complexes for Accurate DNA Concentration Determination (2006)

Precise determination of DNA concentration without the health risks of intercalating dyes is possible via the optical changes that arise from DNA-induced aggregation of cationic conjugated polyelectrolytes. Addition of DNA to a conjugated electrolyte containing two fluorophores results in aggregation and fluorescence quenching, inducing a measurable and quantifiable shift from blue- to green-light emission (see figure and inside cover).
Molecular engineering of the hole-transporting material spiro-OMeTAD via manipulation of alkyl groups (2016)

Aliphatic substituent effects on the HOMO energy levels and the ability to transport charge and form stable molecular glasses of systematically modified spiro-OMeTAD analogues were investigated.
2013 Trends and Statistics for Prescription Medications in the United States: CNS Highest Ranked and Record Number of Prescriptions Dispensed (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXT2013 Trends and Statistics for Prescription Medications in the United States: CNS Highest Ranked and Record Number of Prescriptions DispensedCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2015, 6, 3, 356–357Publication Date (Web):March 18, 2015Publication History Published online18 March 2015Published inissue 18 March 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00049https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.5b00049editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views908Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (135 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cancer,Lipids,Neurophysiology,Pharmaceuticals,Therapeutics Get e-Alerts
Retinoid‐related molecule AGN193198 potently induces G2M arrest and apoptosis in bladder cancer cells (2005)

The novel synthetic retinoid-related molecule 4-[3-(1-heptyl-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)-3-oxo-propenyl]benzoic acid (AGN193198) neither binds effectively to retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) nor transactivates in RAR- and RXR-mediated reporter assays. Even so, AGN193198 is potent in inducing apoptosis in human prostate and breast carcinoma cells (Keedwell et al., Cancer Res 2004;64:3302-12). Here, we extend these findings to show that AGN193198 potently and rapidly induces apoptosis in bladder carcinoma cell lines. One micromolar of AGN193198 completely abolished the growth of the transitional cell carcinoma lines UM-UC-3 and J82, and the squamous cell carcinoma line SCaBER; the transitional cell papilloma line RT-4 was slightly less sensitive to the growth inhibitory effect of AGN193198. Treated cells accumulated in the G2M phase of the cell cycle. This was accompanied by apoptosis, as revealed by staining cells for exposure of phosphatidylserine at their surface (binding of Annexin V) and FACS analysis of propidium iodide labeled cells. As reported for prostate cancer cells, AGN193198 provoked rapid activation of caspases-3 (by 6 hr), -8 (by 16 hr) and -9 (by 6 hr) in bladder cancer cells. These findings suggest that AGN193198 and related compounds, whose mechanism of action does not appear to involve RARs and RXRs, may be useful in the treatment of bladder cancer.
Towards scalable FPGA CAD through architecture (2011)

Long FPGA CAD runtime has emerged as a limitation to the future scaling of FPGA densities. Already, compile times on the order of a day are common, and the situation will only get worse as FPGAs get larger. Without a concerted effort to reduce compile times, further scaling of FPGAs will eventually become impractical.
Reexamination of Neomycin B Degradation:  Efficient Preparation of Its CD and D Rings as Protected Glycosyl Donors (2002)

The degradation of neomycin B was reexamined, and a novel protocol was established to prepare the properly masked neomycin CD ring as a glycol donor in excellent yield. Glycosylation of the CD ring with glycol acceptors provided a facile access to versatile intermediates that could be utilized to synthesize a variety of novel neomycin B mimetics for RNA recognition. [reaction: see text]
Influence Functions for Sequence Tagging Models (2022)

Many standard tasks in NLP (e.g., Named Entity Recognition, Part-of-Speech tagging, and Semantic Role Labeling) are naturally framed as sequence tagging problems. However, there has been comparatively little work on interpretability methods for sequence tagging models. In this paper, we extend influence functions — which aim to trace predictions back to the training points that informed them — to sequence tagging tasks. We define the influence of a training instance segment as the effect that perturbing the labels within this segment has on a test segment level prediction. We provide an efficient approximation to compute this, and show that it tracks with the “true” segment influence (measured empirically). We show the practical utility of segment influence by using the method to identify noisy annotations in NER corpora.
Anticancer Prodrugs: An Overview of Major Strategies and Recent Developments (2011)

Research in anticancer chemotherapy has produced outstanding results, and mean survival rates have significantly improved over the last ten years. Nevertheless, all approved drugs are still characterized by narrow therapeutic windows that result mainly from their high systemic toxicity combined with their marked lack of tumor selectivity. Medicinal chemistry responds to the resulting demands with new analogues of a lead drug, or by developing prodrugs. Prodrugs are inactive compounds, which are metabolized in the body, either chemically or enzymatically, in a controlled or predictable manner, to the active parent drug. This review describes the results of strategies in prodrug development, subdivided into the principal categories of anticancer agents. The chemical implementation of prodrug approaches is illustrated through selected drug candidates.
Photoreaction of Platinum(II) β-Diketonate Complexes with Olefins (2001)

Pt(hfac)(2) [hfac = 1,1,1,5,5,5-hexafluoro-2,4-pentanedionato] reacts with ethylene when irradiated at 350 nm to yield a single photoproduct which we have isolated for the first time. X-ray diffraction reveals this to be Pt(hfac)(2)(eta(2)-C(2)H(4)), a five coordinated complex, with two bidentate hfac ligands remaining intact. When Pt(hfac)(2) and ethylene were irradiated at 300 nm, a second product that could not be isolated was detected by (1)H NMR and (19)F NMR. Pt(hfac)(2)(eta(2)-C(2)H(4)) was also shown not to be stable at shorter wavelengths. The corresponding photoproducts of Pt(hfac)(2) with propene and of Pt(tfac)(2) [tfac = 1,1,1-trifluoro-2,4-pentanedionato] with ethylene were detected by (1)H NMR spectroscopy.
User selection schemes for maximizing throughput of multiuser MIMO systems using Zero Forcing Beamforming (2011)

The performance of a multiuser MIMO broadcast system depends highly on how the users being served are selected from the pool of users requesting service. Though dirty paper coding can obtain the optimal capacity of multiuser MIMO Broadcast systems, the computational complexity is high. We examine this problem in the context of systems using Zero Forcing Beamforming (ZFBF) which have low complexity and reasonable throughput. The channels of the selected users may not be orthogonal to each other resulting in harmful interference and reduction in the performance of the system. This work identifies and thoroughly investigates the main factors affecting the performance and proposes some mitigating schemes to fully exploit multiuser diversity. In particular, we develop improved user selection schemes designed to maximize the sum rate that offer a range of complexity to performance tradeoff. Simulation results show that the selection schemes developed compare favorably with existing techniques.
Detection of Hydrocarbons by Laser Assisted Paper Spray Ionization Mass Spectrometry (LAPSI MS) (2018)

Here we introduce a new ambient ionization technique named laser assisted paper spray ionization mass spectrometry (LAPSI MS). In it, a 532 ± 10 nm, ≤10 mW laser pointer was shone on a triangularly cut paper along with high voltage, to effect ionization. The analyte solution was continuously pushed through a fused silica capillary, using a syringe pump, at a preferred infusion rate. LAPSI MS promises enhanced ionization with high signal intensity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), which are normally not ionizable with similar ionization methods involving solvent sprays. LAPSI MS works both in positive and negative modes of ionization. A clear enhancement of signal intensity was visualized in the total ion chronogram for most analytes in the presence of the laser. We speculate that the mechanism of ionization is field assisted photoionization. The field-induced distortion of the potential well can be large in paper spray as the fibers comprising the paper are separated at tens of nanometers apart, and consequently, the analyte molecules are subjected to very large electric fields of the order of 10<sup>7</sup> Vcm<sup>-1</sup>. Ionization occurs from their distorted electronic states of reduced ionization energy, using the laser. Negative ion detection is also demonstrated, occurring due to the capture of produced photoelectrons. LAPSI MS can be used for monitoring in situ photoassisted reactions like the decarboxylation of mercaptobenzoic acid in the presence of gold and silver nanoparticles and the dehydrogenation reaction of 2,3-dihydro-1 H-isoindole, which were chosen as examples. As an application, we have shown that paraffin oil, which is usually nonionizable by paper spray or by electrospray ionization can be efficiently detected using this technique. Impurities like mineral oils were detected easily in commercially available coconut oil, pointing the way to applications of social relevance.
An Efficient Synthesis of 5‐Bromopyridine‐2‐carbonitrile. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Development and Validation of a Preference-Based Glaucoma Utility Instrument Using Discrete Choice Experiment (2021)

Use of Glau-U revealed large decrements in utility that were associated with late-stage glaucoma, suggesting that this new instrument may be useful for cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions and informing resource allocation policies for glaucoma and vision loss.
Degree of Belief is Expected Truth Value (2010)

Abstract A number of authors have noted that vagueness engenders degrees of belief, but that these degrees of belief do not behave like subjective probabilities. So should we countenance two different kinds of degree of belief: the kind arising from vagueness, and the familiar kind arising from uncertainty, which obey the laws of probability? This chapter argues that we cannot coherently countenance two different kinds of degree of belief. Instead, it presents a framework in which there is a single notion of degree of belief, which in certain circumstances behaves like a subjective probability assignment and in other circumstances does not. The core idea is that one's degree of belief in a proposition is one's expectation of its degree of truth.
Dissipation of Atrazine, Enrofloxacin, and Sulfamethazine in Wood Chip Bioreactors and Impact on Denitrification (2011)

Wood chip bioreactors are receiving increasing attention as a means of reducing nitrate in subsurface tile drainage systems. Agrochemicals in tile drainage water entering wood chip bioreactors can be retained or degraded and may affect denitrification. The degradation of 5 mg L atrazine, enrofloxacin, and sulfamethazine under denitrifying conditions in wood chips from an in situ reactor was determined. The impact of these chemicals on denitrifying microorganisms was assessed using the denitrification potential assay, most probable number (MPN), and quantitative polymerase chain reaction targeting the gene of the denitrifiers. Initial half-lives for these chemicals in the aqueous phase were 0.98 d for atrazine, 0.17 d for enrofloxacin, and 6.2 d for sulfamethazine. Similar rates of disappearance in autoclaved and nonautoclaved wood chip solutions during the first 48 h suggested sorption was the dominant mechanism. The presence of atrazine did not impair denitrification potential, the MPN, or the copy number. The denitrifier MPN and copy number in sulfamethazine- and enrofloxacin-treated microcosms were less than the control within the first 5 d after chemical addition, whereas the denitrification potentials were not affected. However, after 45 d the denitrification rate, MPN and gene copy numbers for sulfamethazine and enrofloxacin were similar to that of the no-chemical control, indicating that acclimation of the denitrifier population to the antibiotic or reduced bioavailability over time allowed recovery of the denitrifier population.
Transcatheter Interatrial Shunt Device for the Treatment of Heart Failure (2016)

URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT02600234.
Segregation coefficient of Yb3+ and Yb2+ ions in YbF3 doped BaF2 crystals (2014)

BaF 2 :0.17 mol%YbF 3 crystal was grown using the conventional Bridgman technique. The optical absorption spectra reveal the existence of both Yb 2+ and Yb 3+ ions with the characteristic bands of the trivalent ions in the near-IR region and of the divalent ions in the UV spectral domain. The concentration distribution of the Yb 2+ and Yb 3+ ions among the sample was investigated using the optical absorption method. The segregation coefficient of the two types of Yb ions has been determined. From our calculations the segregation coefficient of the Yb 3+ ions in BaF 2 host is 0.7, and of the Yb 2+ ions is 0.6.
Retrograde Endopyelotomy (2007)

Evolving technology has lead to attempts to decrease morbidity associated with open correction of ureteropelvic junction obstruction but without compromising success. Several different methods of treatment have been devised, including the fluoroscopically guided acucise endopyelotomy device, and direct vision retrograde ureteroscopic approaches with multiple cutting devices. This chapter provides insight into the retrograde applications currently available.
Optimal cam design and system control for an electromechanical engine valve drive (2010)

An electromechanical valve drive system using a cam-based mechanical transformer has been proposed to achieve variable valve timing in internal combustion engines. This technique promises substantial improvements in fuel economy and emissions. However, there are several challenges to transform this concept into an attractive commercial product, especially achieving acceptable power consumption and actuator size. In this paper, significant reduction in power consumption, torque requirement, and transition time are achieved. These improvements are based on an effective nonlinear system model, optimized design of the cam - a key system component - and exploration of different control strategies to maximize performance.
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF HYDROXYPHTHALIDES. SYNTHESIS OF (.+‐.)‐ISOOCHRACINIC ACID AND A ZEALERANONE INTERMEDIATE (1980)

Abstract Aus den beiden Methoxy‐benzylalkoholen (I) entstehen mit Butyllithium die Derivate (II), die mit Kohlendioxid zu Phthaliden (III) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED TWO‐STEP ROUTE FOR THE PREPARATION OF β‐DIKETONES FROM ALDEHYDES AND ITS APPLICATION TO THE SYNTHESIS OF β‐DAMASCONE (1982)

Abstract Diazbaceton (I) wird nach Überführung in das l‐Litnhium‐Derivat durch Umsetzung mit Aldehyden in die Diazohy‐ droxyketone (II) umgewandelt.
Closed-loop feedback control for microfluidic systems through automated capacitive fluid height sensing (2017)

Abstract Precise fluid height sensing in open-channel microfluidics has long been a desirable feature for a wide range of applications. However, performing accurate measurements of the fluid level in small-scale reservoirs (&lt;1mL) has proven to be an elusive goal, especially if direct fluid-sensor contact needs to be avoided. In particular, gravity-driven systems used in several microfluidic applications to establish pressure gradients and impose flow remain open-loop and largely unmonitored due to these sensing limitations. Here we present an optimized self-shielded coplanar capacitive sensor design and automated control system to provide submillimeter fluid-height resolution (~250 μm) and control of small-scale open reservoirs without the need for direct fluid contact. Results from testing and validation of our optimized sensor and system also suggest that accurate fluid height information can be used to robustly characterize, calibrate and dynamically control a range of microfluidic systems with complex pumping mechanisms, even in cell culture conditions. Capacitive sensing technology provides a scalable and cost-effective way to enable continuous monitoring and closed-loop feedback control of fluid volumes in small-scale gravity-dominated wells in a variety of microfluidic applications.
A model-based facial image recognition method for image synthesizing system (2005)

This paper reports a new facial feature point extraction method for an image synthesizing system. The method works successfully with images of more than 1000 Japanese and 500 Americans. A sample of application is reported.
A geometry-aided message passing method for AoA-based short range MIMO channel estimation (2019)

Short range channels commonly arise in millimeter wave (mmWave) wearable settings, where the length of the antenna arrays can be comparable to the distance between the radios. Conventional mmWave MIMO channel estimation techniques based on the far field assumption may perform poorly in short range settings due to the large angular spread and, hence, high available rank. We propose a geometry-aided message passing algorithm that exploits structure in short range line-of-sight (LoS) channels for spatial sub-Nyquist channel estimation. Our approach parametrizes the channel using angle-of-arrivals (AoAs) that are locally defined for subarrays of an antenna array. Furthermore, it leverages the dependencies between the local AoAs using factors based on the array geometry. We show that the LoS MIMO channel can be reconstructed using the derived local AoA estimates and the known transceiver geometry. The proposed approach achieves a reasonable rate with greatly reduced pilot transmissions when compared to exhaustive beam search-based local AoA estimation.