gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prolonged Endoscopic Remission With Mucosal Healing in Crohnʼs Patients: Treatment Cessation for 3-23 Years (2017)

Introduction: Crohn's disease (CD) is a relapsing-remitting, incurable inflammatory bowel disease. Current therapies target inflammation but neglect to treat the underlying causal infection(s)1. Combined antibiotics used with Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) in CD can sporadically result in endoscopic remission and deep mucosal healing without need for further treatment. Some of these CD patients may remain symptom-free for prolonged periods and to our knowledge they represent an important group that has not been previously reported. Methods: Retrospective analysis of records of patients in prolonged remission no longer requiring any CD therapy. Results: A total of 10 patients (age= 16-56 y; 7 females, 3 males) were identified. Eight of these patients used regimens comprising 3-5 antibiotics chosen from rifabutin, clofazimine, metronidazole, ciprofloxacin, pyrazinamide & clarithromycin, targeting Mycobacterium avium ss. paratuberculosis (MAP) - known as Anti-MAP therapy. After weeks to months of such antibiotic treatment, 3 underwent FMT following the cessation of Anti-MAP therapy. In 4 patients, Anti-MAP treatment was combined with Infliximab which can target MAP2. One patient achieved deep mucosal healing with Anti-MAP therapy alone. Of the patients who were not prescribed Anti-MAP therapy (n=2), both used FMT therapy alone to achieve such healing. Patients were able to stop all treatments and had normal colonoscopic findings and biochemical markers at final reviews at 3-23 years. Conclusion: Prolonged clinical and endoscopic healing of CD for 3 to 23 years without ongoing therapy was seen in a subset of patients initially on Anti-MAP antibiotics and Infliximab or followed by FMT. The endoscopic and histological findings were those of complete deep mucosal healing and clinically patients were asymptomatic feeling ‘cured'. Successful treatment with Anti-MAP points to the role of MAP in causality of CD. Future research should identify better combined therapies to more rapidly attain profound healing in a greater proportion of patients with CD.Table: Patient demographics and treatment details.
Nickel-Catalyzed C(2)–H Arylation of Indoles with Aryl Chlorides under Neat Conditions (2019)

Nickel-catalyzed regioselective C(2)-H arylation of indoles and pyrroles with aryl chlorides is achieved under neat conditions. This method allows the efficient coupling of diverse aryl chlorides employing a user-friendly and inexpensive Ni(OAc)<sub>2</sub>/dppf catalyst system at 80 °C. Numerous functionalities, such as halides, alkyl ether, fluoro-alkyl ether, and thioether, and substituted amines, including heteroarenes like benzothiazolyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, and carbazolyl, are well tolerated under the reaction conditions. The preliminary mechanistic study highlights a single-electron transfer (SET) pathway for the arylation reaction.
Effects of image restoration on acquisition of moving objects from thermal video sequences degraded by the atmosphere (2006)

Remotely sensed videos, captured by high-resolution imagers, are likely to be degraded by the atmosphere. In still images, the degradation sources, which include turbulence and aerosols, mainly cause blur. In video sequences, however, spatiotemporally varying distortions caused by turbulence also become important. These atmospheric degradations reduce image quality and therefore the ability of target acquisition by the observers. The effects of image quality and image restoration (deblurring) on target acquisition in still images were examined previously in several studies. Nevertheless, results obtained in static situations may not be appropriate for dynamic situations (with moving targets), which are frequently more realistic. This work examines the effect of image restoration on the ability of observers to acquire moving objects (such as humans and vehicles) in video sequences. This is done through perception experiments that compare acquisition probabilities in both restored and nonrestored video sequences captured by a remote-sensing thermal imaging system. Results show that image restoration can significantly improve the acquisition probability. These results correspond to the static case. However, unlike the static case, considerably smaller differences were obtained here between the probabilities of target detection and target recognition.
Cerebrovascular reactivity deficits in older adults with elevated levels of plasma vascular injury markers (2022)

Abstract Background Cerebrovascular dysfunction occurs with advancing age and is known to contribute to cognitive decline and dementia. Cerebrovascular reactivity is a marker of cerebrovascular function and represents the ability of cerebral blood vessels to regulate cerebral blood flow (CBF) in response to vasodilatory or vasoconstrictive stimuli. Deficits in CVR may contribute to vascular injury and cognitive impairment, however the mechanisms underlying this pathophysiology remain unknown. To explore whether inflammation and endothelial dysfunction may be involved in CVR deficits, we examined whether plasma levels of vascular injury markers indicative of such processes are associated with CVR deficits in older adults. Method Twenty‐five independently living older adults (mean age = 69.9 years; SD = 8.5; age range 55‐87 years; 24.0% male) free of dementia or clinical stroke were recruited from the community and underwent venipuncture and brain MRI. Plasma was assayed for vascular injury markers (Serum amyloid A (SAA), C‐reactive protein (CRP), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM‐1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM‐1)). Visually guided breath control exercises during pseudo‐continuous arterial spin labeling MRI were utilized to determine global (whole brain) CVR to hypocapnia (0.1Hz paced breathing; vasoconstriction) and hypercapnia (15s breath holds, vasodilation). Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression examined the relationship between circulating vascular injury markers and CVR to hypocapnia and hypercapnia. Result A significant negative association was observed between circulating levels of SAA and global CVR to hypocapnia (r = ‐.526, p = .017) as well as VCAM‐1 and CVR to hypocapnia (r = ‐.593, p = 0.007). These associations remained significant even after accounting for age and sex in multiple regression analyses. Conclusion Both SAA and VCAM‐1 are vascular injury markers known to be involved in inflammation and were found to be elevated in older adults with lower global CVR to hypocapnia. Inflammation is associated with atherosclerosis and can lead to endothelial dysfunction, which may ultimately contribute to cognitive decline. Our findings suggest that these biological processes may be related to CVR deficits. Whether higher levels of vascular injury markers represent a protective mechanism or indicate pathological processes remains unknown.
Characterization of Thin Walled Ti-6Al-4V Components Reduced via Electron Beam Melting (2004)

Direct-metal energy beam SFF processes typically produce layers by scanning the contours and then filling in the area within the contour. Process parameters used to solidify contours are often different from those for fill areas. It is to be expected, therefore, that the contour and fill area regions will have different microstructures. This can have important ramifications for thin walled components such as biomedical implants whose slices have very little fill area. This paper characterizes the metallurgical differences in contour and fill areas in titanium components produced via Electron Beam Melting. The implications of these properties for thin walled components are described.
Conjugated oligoelectrolytes increase current response and organic contaminant removal in wastewater microbial fuel cells (2012)

The conjugated oligoelectrolyte 4,4′-bis(4′-(N,N-bis(6′′-(N,N,N-trimethylammonium)hexyl)amino)-styryl)stilbene tetraiodide (DSSN+) has been employed to improve the performance of wastewater microbial fuel cells (MFCs) with respect to current generation and organic contaminant removal. The best performance was afforded by biocathode type MFCs run in the presence of DSSN+. Laser scanning confocal microscopy confirmed cellular uptake of DSSN+ in the biofilms.
High open-circuit voltage photovoltaic devices from carbon-nanotube-polymer composites (2003)

Organic photovoltaic devices based on the bulk heterojunction concept, containing a blend of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and soluble polythiophenes (P3OT) were studied. The open circuit voltage Voc of the devices was found to be 0.75 V, which is larger than the theoretical limit calculated by the metal–insulator–metal (MIM) model. In order to investigate the origin of this unusually high Voc, we have prepared P3OT–SWNT based devices with different metal negative electrodes. The Voc measured is only very weakly dependent on the work function of the metal, suggesting that the MIM model does not apply in this case. From the analysis of the current–voltage characteristics and electron microscopy imaging of the composite structure, it is proposed that the photovoltaic response of these devices is based on the introduction of internal polymer/nanotube junctions within the polymer matrix, which due to a photoinduced electron transfer from the polymer to the nanotube contribute to enhanced charge separation and collection. The data suggest that the negligible influence of the negative electrode work function on Voc can be explained by the metal negative electrode forming ohmic contacts to the nanotube percolation paths.
Abstract LBA005: Detection of KRAS amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) upon acquired resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors (2021)

Abstract The recent discovery and clinical validation of KRAS inhibitors (KRASi) has ushered in a new therapeutic approach to directly address the previously undruggable mutant KRAS-driven cancers. Unfortunately, as with other oncogene-directed therapies, acquired resistance to KRASi has been observed that is partially attributed to secondary mutations in KRAS and/or mutations or fusions in other mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling genes. Emerging evidence suggests that amplification of oncogenes on acentric extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) might constitute an important mechanism of rapid resistance to receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) and MAPK targeting therapies. Therefore, we investigated whether resistance to KRASi monotherapy is mediated through an ecDNA mechanism. We previously noted focal gene amplification of KRAS and MET in recurrent tumors isolated from patients treated with the selective KRASG12C inhibitor, adagrasib. Analysis of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data from a patient tumor revealed evidence of circular DNA structures encompassing the KRAS locus. Consistent with this finding, interphase FISH analysis indicated the presence of KRAS amplifications on ecDNA in this adagrasib-treated patient tumor. To further interrogate this biology, we examined a genetically modified CT26 murine tumor model harboring KRASG12C alteration. Analogous to the clinical observations, both adagrasib as well as the recently approved KRASi sotorasib, induced transient tumor regressions that subsequently resumed growth following several weeks of continuous therapy. Strikingly, whole-genome sequencing data from isolated recurrent tumors revealed focal amplification of KRASG12C and metaphase FISH confirmed high levels of KRASG12C on ecDNA as compared to vehicle-treated samples. Further mechanistic studies are underway. Collectively, these observations implicate ecDNA as an important mediator of resistance to KRASi monotherapy and reinforce the critical need for novel therapeutic strategies to address ecDNA oncogene amplification-driven cancers. Citation Format: Ryan J Hansen, Steven Horton, Julie Wiese, BellJohn Bibay, E.Lorena Mora-Blanco, Nam-Phuong Nguyen, Lars D Engstrom, David M Briere, Andres Calinisan, Peter Olson, Mark M Awad, Andrew J Aguirre, Jason Christiansen, Christian Hassig, Shailaja Kasibhatla. Detection of KRAS amplification on extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) upon acquired resistance to KRASG12C inhibitors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC Virtual International Conference on Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2021 Oct 7-10. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2021;20(12 Suppl):Abstract nr LBA005.
ChemInform Abstract: Lipase Catalyzed Enantioselective Hydrolysis of (.+‐.)‐2‐Acetoxy‐1‐ chloro‐3‐phthalimidopropane. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Technical and clinical evaluation of a new system for ultrafiltration control during hemodialysis. (1989)

A new system for ultrafiltration control during hemodialysis is described. The apparatus consists of a computer operated system of load cells that register variations in weight of the outlet dialysate versus inlet dialysate. Once the weight loss of the patient has been established, the gravimetric control operates on the dialysate circuit to obtain the transmembrane pressure adequate to achieve the desired ultrafiltration rate and patient weight loss. The system can be used as a complete dialysis machine or as a separate module that can be adapted to any standard dialysis machine. This module was tested in more than 220 dialysis sessions, using different membranes and ultrafiltration rates. The difference between the scheduled and the real weight loss was always less than 100 g at the end of the dialysis session. The number of technical interventions required were few, as was the rate of complications related to the system. The system is safe and reliable and offers a low cost opportunity to improve dialysis tolerance by accurate and progressive ultrafiltration during the session.
Virtual Kathakali : Gesture Driven Metamorphosis (1998)

Training in motor skills such as athletics, dance, or gymnastics is not possible today except in the direct presence of the coach/instructor. This paper describes a computer vision based gesture recognition system which is used to metamorphose the user into a Virtual person, e.g. as a Kathakali dancer, which is graphically recreated at a near or diatant location. Thus this can be seen by an off-site coach using low-bandwidth joint-motion data which permits real time animation. The metamorphosis involves altering the appearance and identity of the user and also creating a specific environment possibly in interaction with other virtual creatures. A robust vision module is used to identify the user, based on very simple binary image processing in real time which also manages to resolve self-occlusion, correct for clothing/colour and other variations among users. Gestures are identified by locating key points at the shoulder, elbow and wrist joint, which are then recreated in an articulated humanoid model, which in this instance, representes a Kathakali dancer in elaborate traditional dress. Unlike glove based or other and movement tracking systems, this application requires the user to wear no hardwire devices and is aimed at making gesture tracking simpler, cheaper, and more user friendly.
The role of interleukin-5 in protective immunity to Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in mice. (1991)

We depleted or neutralized interleukin-5 (IL-5) and IL-5 receptor of C57BL/6 mice, using rat anti-murine IL-5 monoclonal antibody (NC17) and anti-murine IL-5 receptor monoclonal antibody (H7). Mice treated with these monoclonal antibodies were infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis larvae. The time-course of faecal egg output and peripheral eosinophilia were monitored. In a primary infection, anti-IL-5 treatment did not affect faecal egg output, although the eosinophil count in peripheral blood was markedly reduced. There was no difference in intestinal worm burden or faecal egg output between anti-IL-5 treated and non-treated mice. In a secondary infection, worms were expelled from the small intestine of anti-IL-5-treated mice as well as from non-treated mice. Worm recovery from the lungs of mice treated with either anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-5 receptor monoclonal antibody was the same as that of normal controls. However, a marked reduction in worm recovery was observed in re-infected mice that had not been treated with monoclonal antibodies. Treatment with anti-IL-5 or anti-IL-5 receptor monoclonal antibody suppressed blood and tissue eosinophilia. Thus the results suggested that the host's protective immunity against tissue-migrating larvae was IL-5-dependent but intestinal immunity was not.
Assessment of the 50th Hybrid III Responses in Blunt Rear Impacts to the Torso (2021)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Blunt impacts to the back of the torso can occur in vehicle crashes due to interaction with unrestrained occupants, or cargo in frontal crashes, or intrusion in rear crashes, for example. Six pendulum tests were conducted on the back of an instrumented 50th percentile male Hybrid III ATD (Anthropomorphic Test Device) to determine kinematic and biomechanical responses. The impact locations were centered with the top of a 15-cm diameter impactor at the T1 or at T6 level of the thoracic spine. The impact speed varied from 16 to 24 km/h.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Two 24 km/h tests were conducted at the T1 level and showed repeatability of setup and ATD responses. The 16 and 24 km/h tests at T1 and T6 were compared. Results indicated greater head rotation, neck extension moments and neck shear forces at T1 level impacts. For example, lower neck extension was 2.6 times and 3.8 times greater at T1 versus T6 impacts at 16 and 24 km/h, respectively.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 24 km/h test at T1 was also conducted with a seatback attached to the ATD torso to assess the effect of padding. ATD biomechanical responses were lower with the seatback, except for upper neck extension; head acceleration was 30 g with the seatback and 95 g without it. Head and T1 velocities were similar with or without the seatback.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The ATD responses were compared with published PMHS (Post Mortem Human Subjects) responses. ATD biomechanical responses were greater overall due to a stiffer, more durable spine. Pendulum forces were over 15 kN higher with a shorter duration than in PMHS tests. The head-to-torso rotation was similar at 24 km/h. This study demonstrates that the Hybrid III ATD is a useful tool for assessing high energy occupant loading by the seat.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Structural insights into the interaction between the Cripto CFC domain and the ALK4 receptor (2008)

The protein Cripto is the founding member of the extra-cellular EGF-CFC growth factors, which are composed of two adjacent cysteine-rich domains: the EGF-like and the CFC. Members of the EGF-CFC family play key roles in embryonic development and are also implicated in tumourigenesis. Cripto is highly over-expressed in many tumours, while it is poorly detectable in normal tissues. Although both Cripto domains are involved in its tumourigenic activity, the CFC domain appears to play a crucial role. Indeed, through this domain, Cripto interferes with the onco-suppressive activity of Activins, either by blocking the Activin receptor ALK4 or by antagonising proteins of the TGF-beta family. We have undertaken the chemical synthesis and the structural characterisation of human CFC Cripto domain. Using a combined NMR and computational approach, supported by binding studies by SPR, we have investigated the molecular basis of the interaction between h-CFC and ALK4. Binding studies indicate that the synthetic h-CFC interacts with the ALK4 receptor with a K(D) in micro M range, whereas it does not recognise the ActRIIB receptor. The NMR study shows that the h-CFC overall topology is determined by the presence of three disulfide bridges and that residues H120 and W124 are located between the first strand and the first loop with the side chains externally exposed. A model of the CFC-ALK4 complex has also been obtained by molecular docking and shows that all residues indicated by prior mutagenesis studies can contribute to the ALK4-CFC interaction at the protein-protein interface.
The use of iterative channel estimation (ICE) to improve link margin in wideband CDMA systems (2003)

Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) systems employ coherent detection by periodically inserting pilot symbols in the data stream. Because of the small number of the pilot symbols available, the channel estimates are not perfect, and there is a loss in link margin. Iterative channel estimation (ICE) is a novel method that uses both pilot and data symbols for channel estimation. Link margin gains of 0.3 to 1.3 dB are obtained for data rates of 32 to 64 KSPS, with larger gains at higher Doppler frequencies. The extra complexity to implement ICE is very modest at 2.56 and 5.12 MIPS for 32 and 64 KSPS channels, respectively, which is easily accommodated in today's DSP technology and represents a small fraction of the total power consumed by the mobile handset. Reducing the required E/sub b//N/sub o/ by even 0.4 dB will allow the system to support 10% more voice users. This paper gives the theoretical analysis of ICE, and Monte Carlo simulations are used to compare the performance of ICE against channel estimation methods which only use pilot symbols.
Supplementary Figure 1 from High Efficacy of a <i>Listeria</i>-Based Vaccine against Metastatic Breast Cancer Reveals a Dual Mode of Action (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from High Efficacy of a &lt;i&gt;Listeria&lt;/i&gt;-Based Vaccine against Metastatic Breast Cancer Reveals a Dual Mode of Action
Visual Analytics Using Density Equalizing Geographic Distortion (2008)

Abstract — Visualizing large geo-demographical data sets using pixel-based techniques involves mapping the geo-spatial dimensions of a data point to screen coordinates and appropriately encoding its statistical value by color. Analysis of such data is a great challenge. General tasks involve clustering, categorization and searching for patterns of interest for sociological or economic research. Available visual encodings and screen space limitations lead to over-plotting and hiding of patterns and clusters in densely populated areas, while sparsely populated areas waste space and draw the attention away from areas of interest. In the current paper, two new approaches (RadialScale and AngularScale) are introduced to create density-equalized maps, while preserving recognizable features and neighborhoods in the visualization. The approaches apply a multi-scaling technique based on local features of the data described as local minima and maxima of point density. Consequently, scaling is conducted several times around these features, thus leading to more effective distortions. Results are applied and discussed on two applications. Evaluation shows to outperform traditional techniques for homogeneity of distortion and efficient use of space. 1