gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Basal and Meal-Induced Somatostatln-Like Immunoreactivity in Healthy Subjects and in IDDM and Totally Pancreatectomized Patients: Effects of Acute Blood Glucose Normalization (1987)

We investigated the impact of blood glucose normalization on plasma levels of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SLI) in subjects with C-peptide-negative insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) and in totally pancreatectomized patients. Patients were studied during hyperglycemia and during normoglycemia, which was attained by Biostator-directed feedback insulin infusion. The experiments were performed in the fasted state and after a standardized breakfast. In IDDM (n = 6), basal levels of SLI were significantly higher than in nondiabetic subjects (n = 18). In IDDM, normalization of hyperglycemia was followed by a 40% decline in basal SLI (P less than .05). After the meal, SLI increased to the same absolute levels with or without feedback insulin treatment; however, the incremental response was 60% higher during feedback insulin treatment (P less than .05). Treatment also suppressed fasting and postprandial levels of glucagon, whereas gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) levels were unaltered. In four pancreatectomized patients, normoglycemia tended to lower plasma levels of SLI by 50% (P less than .1). After breakfast, an SLI response was noted during normoglycemia, whereas no significant effect of the meal was seen during hyperglycemia. We conclude that in IDDM and in totally pancreatectomized patients, administration of insulin with subsequent normalization of blood glucose is accompanied by a decline in plasma levels of SLI in the fasted state, whereas the apparent response to a meal is enhanced. These effects on plasma levels of SLI probably reflect to a major extent release of somatostatin from the gastrointestinal tract.
OC20.01: Who should perform obstetrics ultrasound in the primary health care centers? A need to be consequent with our reality (2013)

Obstetrics ultrasound scan (US) performed by midwives to normal pregnant women in the primary health care centers (PCC) is a not well accepted in our country. The purpose of this study was to show the obstetrics results from two clinical settings: in one the midwives are allowed to perform the US to normal pregnant women and in the other, they are not allowed to do so. Two groups of similar population characteristics, distances to health centers and presence of midwives performing the clinical control of pregnant women were considered. Group A: included 12 PCC in which midwives are trained to perform US in normal pregnant women. Group B: included 26 PCC from other Chilean regions, in which midwives are not allowed to perform obstetrics US. In Group A, pregnant women went to the obstetrics control and US in the nearest PPC, and only if complications were suspected or detected the pregnant patients were sent to a 2nd o 3er care center. In Group B, the US was performed by specialist in obstetrics and gynecology (42%), by general physicians (28%) and others. 52% of patients were sent to a high risk unit. US under the 11 weeks was done in the 89% vs 61%* (Group A vs Group B: *p<0.05). The 11–14 weeks US was performed in 92% vs 41%*. The 2nd trimester US was done in 95 vs 43%*, and the 3er trimester US was done in 96 vs 43%*. Unknown gestational age was 2.2% vs 29.4%*. Detections of fetal anomalies was done in 68% vs 23%*. Multiple pregnancies were detected in 96% vs 44%* under the 20 weeks, and in group B the 43% of the chorionicity was not well established. Routine uterine cervix length was done in 88 % vs 12%*. Routine Doppler of uterine arteries was done in 68% vs 11.6%*. US control post insertion of IUD was done in 98 vs 4%*. US performed by PCC well trained midwives as a delegated function have better results than in PCC where they were not allowed, and it should be an option in rural PCC in which specialist are not available.
Fabrication and Strength-Based Design of a Meso Forceps (2009)

A novel fabrication process and design optimization method for a mesoscale forceps is presented. This work is part of a larger research effort to design and fabricate nanoparticulate enabled surgical instruments using an iterative fabrication-design technique. The current paper focuses on the fabrication of thick (∼hundreds of microns) two dimensional parts with large aspect ratios (length/width &amp;gt; 20). The paper also describes an optimization method that accounts for manufacturing requirements and material strength. The process begins with the fabrication of an array of molds on refractory substrates using a modified UV lithography technique. In parallel, engineered ceramic nanocolloidal slurries are prepared for gel-casting into the molds. Mold infiltration takes place via a squeegee technique adapted from screen printing with excess slurry removed using an ethanol bath. Finally, the photoresist molds are removed via pyrolysis, and ceramic parts sintered to full density. Employing this manufacturing technique for the compliant micro forceps design is advantageous because a large number of parts can be produced with large aspect ratios, sharp edges (∼ 1 μm), and a resolution of 2 μm. An optimization algorithm, using ANSYS optimization module, is formulated to determine the effect of dimensional parameters and material strength on the optimal design and predicted performance of the compliant meso forceps. Three ultimate strength values are separately implemented as a stress constraint in our optimization problem. Results conclude that our manufacturing process is capable of producing meso scale forceps considering the anticipated ultimate strength at this scale.
The Short‐Term Effect on Restenosis and Thrombosis of a Cobalt‐Chromium Stent Eluting Two Drugs in a Porcine Coronary Artery Model (2009)

The aim of this article was to study the effect of dual drug-eluting stent (DES) on both restenosis and thrombosis in a porcine coronary artery model. This study reports on the use of two drugs coated on the stent to simultaneously minimize both restenosis and thrombosis. The DES was prepared by spray coating a bare metal stent with a biodegradable polymer loaded with sirolimus and triflusal, to treat against restenosis and thrombosis, respectively. The two-layered dual drug-coated stent was characterized in vitro for surface properties before and after expansion, as well as for possible delamination by cross-sectioning the stent in vitro. In vivo animal studies (in a pig model) were then performed for acute thrombosis, inflammation, and restenosis. The results show a significant reduction in restenosis with a stent coated with both drugs compared with the controls (a bare metal stent, a sirolimus-coated, and a pure polymer-coated stent). The reduction in restenosis with a sirolimus/triflusal-eluting stent is associated with an inhibition of inflammation and thrombus formation, suggesting that such dual DES have a role to play for the treatment of coronary artery diseases.
Improving data capacity in cellular networks through utilizing partially overlapping channels (2011)

With recent advancements in Software Defined Radio technology the usage of partially overlapping carriers (POCs) has become a viable option to better utilize available spectrum resources. Thus the need has surfaced to truly understand the impact of POCs on system performance. In this paper, we first propose a generalized spectrum channelization characterization that will be instrumental in systematically investigating the effects of carrier overlapping and then use this framework for analyzing the capacity gains due to POCs in cellular networks. In analyzing cellular networks, we consider total system data capacity evaluated at the capacity maximizing channel allocation. Our initial experiments with limited number of base stations indicate that the POC based network design increases the capacity gain ratio for noise dominated regimes.
High Spectral Efficiency Optical Transmission with Probabilistic Constellation Shaping (2018)

This paper reviews recent progress in high spectral efficiency optical transmission using probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), and discusses various aspects of PCS from theoretic and practical benefits to performance optimization.
Symposium T Statistical Mechanical Modeling in Materials Research"" (2002)

Abstract : Symposium T Objective: To showcase recent developments in statistical mechanical modeling of non-equilibrium stmctures and processes in materials (including film growth, solidification processes, and bulk defect dynamics).
Electron Backstreaming Determination for Ion Thrusters (2008)

Electron backstreaming in ion thrusters is caused by the random flux of beam electrons past a potential barrier established by the accel grid. A technique that integrates this flux over the radial extent of the barrier reveals important aspects of electron backstreaming phenomena for individual beamlets, across the thruster beam, and throughout thruster life. For individual beamlets it was found that over 99% of the electron backstreaming occurs in a small annulus at the center of the beamlet that is less than 20% the area of the beamlet at the potential barrier established by the accel grid. For the thruster beam it was found that over 99% of the backstreaming current occurs inside of r = 6 cm for the over 28 cm diameter NSTAR grid. Initial validation against ELT data shows that the technique provides the correct behavior and magnitude of electron backstreaming limit, V(sub ebs). From the sensitivity analyses it is apparent that accel grid chamfering may be the dominant mechanism contributing to the sharp rise in the absolute value of V(sub ebs) observed in the ELT but does not explain the rise in ion transparency. Grid gap change also contributes to the absolute value of V(sub ebs) rise and large rises in ion transparency with thruster life for the center gridlet. Screen grid erosion contributes generally to rises in the absolute value of V(sub ebs) and ion transparency, but for the assumptions used herein, it appears to not have as much of an effect chamfering or grid gap change. Overall, it is apparent that accel grid chamfering, grid gap change, and screen grid erosion are important to the increase in electron backstreaming observed during the ELT.
A Liquid Crystal Based Polymer for Applications in MMW Modulation Devices (1997)

Abstract A new liquid crystal monomer, the diacrylate of a bis phenyi diazene, was synthesized. It was polymerized to form both unoriented and oriented polymer solids–the latter in the presence of a magnetic field. The millimeter wave birefringence was measured for a polymeric rod, whose macroscopic orientation was perpendicular to its long axis, using a waveguide version of the Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and the measured δn was 0.075 at 30 GHz. The mechanical strength of oriented and unoriented polymer plates was measured. The tensile modulus in the direction parallel to the oriented axis was 6.8×108 N/m2, which was about 4 times that of the same material without macroscopic orientation. The torsional rigidity modulus of a thin rod (orientation perpendicular to its length) was measured to be of the order 107 N/m4. Both the large dielectric anisotropy and high mechanical strength make the oriented polymer potentially suitable for application in a novel class of millimeter wave modulation devices.
Solutions of Polynomial Systems Derived from the Steady Cavity Flow Problem (2008)

We propose a general algorithm to enumerate all solutions of a zero-dimensional polynomial system with respect to a given cost function. The algorithm is developed and is used to study a polynomial system obtained by discretizing the steady cavity flow problem in two dimensions. The key technique on which our algorithm is based is to solve polynomial optimization problems via sparse semidefinite programming relaxations (SDPR), which has been adopted successfully to solve reaction-diffusion boundary value problems recently. The cost function to be minimized is derived from discretizing the fluid's kinetic energy. The enumeration algorithm's solutions are shown to converge to the minimal kinetic energy solutions for SDPR of increasing order. We demonstrate the algorithm with SDPR of first and second order on polynomial systems for different scenarios of the cavity flow problem and succeed in deriving the $k$ smallest kinetic energy solutions. The question whether these solutions converge to solutions of the steady cavity flow problem is discussed, and we pose a conjecture for the minimal energy solution for increasing Reynolds number.
Photonic Topological Mode Bound to a Vortex (2020)

We report the observation of a mode associated with a topological defect in the bulk of a 2D photonic material by introducing a vortex distortion to a hexagonal lattice analogous to graphene. The observed modes lie midgap at zero energy and are closely related to Majorana bound states in superconducting vortices. This is the first experimental demonstration of the Jackiw-Rossi model [R. Jackiw and P. Rossi, Nucl. Phys. B190, 681 (1981)NUPBBO0550-321310.1016/0550-3213(81)90044-4].
Coding of Multi-Source Information Streams With Age of Information Requirements (2021)

This article puts forth a new channel coding paradigm for multi-source information streams with Age of Information (AoI) requirements. The recently introduced AoI metric characterizes the freshness of information, defined as the time elapsed since the generation of the last successfully received update. We study a setup in which a large number of sensors want to send update information to a common monitor with the help of aggregators. Specifically, an aggregator collects update packets from sensors and forwards them to the monitor. Conventional block codes (such as LDPC codes) that encode and decode each update packet separately do not perform well in such an information aggregation and update scenario. When update packets suffer from packet loss, we show that block codes lead to high instantaneous AoI because a sensor waits for a long time for the next update opportunity. This article investigates stream-based codes to tackle this problem. A distinguishing feature of stream-based codes is the joint encoding of update packets from different sensors, and a series of coded packets are sent continuously like a stream. Different update packets are then jointly decoded using multiple coded packets from the stream. A key challenge with AoI requirements is the joint design of error corrections of old packets and fast decodings of new packets. We design a practical encoding-decoding scheme and a sliding decoding window mechanism to control the decoding complexity. We evaluate two AoI metrics, average AoI and bounded AoI. In particular, bounded AoI corresponds to an AoI threshold that the instantaneous AoI is below a large percentage of the time. Experimental results on software-defined radio show that stream-based codes significantly outperform block codes in both average AoI and bounded AoI under varying channel conditions. Overall, stream-based codes provide a viable channel coding solution to multi-source information streams with timely update requirements.
Volume imaging with MR phased arrays (1991)

A volume MR phased array was constructed with two coils placed anteriorly and two coils posteriorly. Data acquired simultaneously from the four coils on a phantom were combined into a single image having a signal-to-noise ratio 80% better than that from the body coil. Additional comparisons of the four-coil phased array with a two-coil phased array and a Helmholtz pair having the same overall dimensions show how variations of signal amplitude and phase in the individual coils affect the composite SNR. Images of the male and female pelvis demonstrate how the improved SNR can be used to reduce the number of excitations, decrease the field of view, increase the echo time, or reduce the slice thickness.
Technology and applications of microassembly using elastomer stamps (2014)

The microelectronics industry benefits from reduced costs and improved performance afforded by miniaturization of components. Advanced lithographic methods provide the greatest levels of miniaturization in a high-throughput (parallel), high-precision (deterministic) manner, but the same methods are limited in their ability to integrate multiple, diverse heterogeneous materials in a miniaturized system. In contrast, joining diverse materials together into a system typically happens in packaging, using assembly techniques that usually involve serial operations and impose constraints on the sizes and shapes of the components to be assembled. As a result, the benefits of miniaturization are not fully accessible to systems that require the combined properties of diverse heterogeneous materials. Microassembly technologies make the benefits of miniaturization accessible to heterogeneous materials systems and can provide cost savings, performance improvements, and in some cases totally new capabilities. Microtransfer printing, a microassembly technology developed in the John Rogers research group at UIUC, uses elastomer stamps to deterministically manipulate objects that are too small, numerous, fragile, or otherwise difficult to handle in a practical way. The material properties of the stamps provide robust mechanisms of manipulation, controllably retrieving objects from their native substrates and placing them on non-native substrates. Commercially relevant implementations of microtransfer printing include small solar cells for electricity generation, lasers for data storage, and light emitting diodes and integrated circuits for information display and illumination. Pilot-scale manufacturing that uses microtransfer printing produces commercially available, high-efficiency (? > 33–35%) solar modules and demonstrates some of the benefits of miniaturized, microassembled devices. Microtransfer printing technology and applications. (a) Illustration of transfer printing with an elastomer stamp. (b) Small, transfer printed display driver integrated circuit. (c) 90 m2 concentrator photovoltaic tracker that uses transfer-printed cells.
Relationship Between Cluster Compactness and Bunch Rot in Vignoles Grapes (2009)

The impact of cluster compactness and debris retention on harvest bunch rot of Vitis interspecific hybrid 'Vignoles' was investigated between 2001 and 2005 near Lake Erie, in Pennsylvania. Cluster compactness was characterized subjectively based on the OIV code 204 standard and objectively by determining the number of berries per centimeter of rachis. In 2001, 2002, and 2004, the median number of berries per centimeter for loose clusters was 6.3, 7.0, and 6.4 compared with 10.2, 12.7, and 12.4 for the compact clusters, respectively. Kolmogorov-Smirnoff and the Mann-Whitney U two-samples tests confirmed that the distribution of the berries per centimeter was significantly (90 ≤ χ<sup>2</sup> ≤ 184.3; P < 0.0001) different between the two subjective compactness categories. Cluster compactness was strongly correlated with bunch rot incidence (χ<sup>2</sup> = 73.1 and 62.2 for 2001 and 2002, respectively; P < 0.0001), whereby disease incidence was higher in compact than in loose clusters. Logistic regression analysis indicated that every additional berry per centimeter unit of compactness almost doubled the likelihood of a cluster becoming infected with bunch rot (odds ratio = 1.828, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.392 to 2.399 in 2001 and odds ratio = 1.705, 95% CI = 1.394 to 2.085 in 2002). In 2004, bunch rot severity in compact clusters was nearly four times that of loose clusters. Linear regression analysis revealed that berries per centimeter accounted for >89% of the variation in bunch rot severity (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.893, P < 0.0001, n = 30) and >74% in cluster weight (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.745, P < 0.0001, n = 30). Accumulations of dehiscent floral debris contributed to greater bunch rot severity, and the effect was more pronounced in compact clusters than in loose clusters. Removal of basal leaves at trace bloom reduced berries per centimeter by 13% in 2004 and >25% in 2005, with corresponding reductions in bunch rot severity of 60% in 2004 and 62.5 to 82% in 2005. These results indicate that berries per centimeter is a good indicator of cluster compactness in Vignoles, and that practices that reduce cluster tightness would be effective in an integrated program for control of bunch rot on this cultivar.
SEPIAPTERIN REDUCTASE IN COMPLEX WITH COMPOUND 3 (2018)

Genome-wide-association studies in chronic low back pain patients identified sepiapterin reductase as a high interest target for developing new analgesics. Here we used <sup>19</sup>F NMR fragment screening for the discovery of novel, ligand-efficient SPR inhibitors. We report the crystal structures of six chemically diverse inhibitors complexed with SPR, identifying relevant interactions and binding modes in the sepiapterin pocket. Exploration of our initial fragment screening hit led to double-digit nanomolar inhibitors of SPR with excellent ligand efficiency.
Synthesis and Structure–Affinity Relationships of Selective High-Affinity 5-HT4Receptor Antagonists: Application to the Design of New Potential Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography Tracers (2012)

The work described herein aims at finding new potential ligands for the brain imaging of 5-HT(4) receptors (5-HT(4)Rs) using single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Starting from the nonsubstituted phenanthridine compound 4a, exhibiting a K(i) value of 51 nM on the 5-HT(4)R, we explored the structure-affinity in this series. We found that substitution in position 4 of the tricycle with a fluorine atom gave the best result. Introduction of an additional nitrogen atom inside the tricyclic framework led to an increase of both the affinity and selectivity for 5-HT(4)R, suggesting the design of the antagonist 4v, exhibiting a high affinity of 0.04 nM. Several iodinated analogues were then synthesized as potential SPECT tracers. The iodinated compound 11d was able to displace the reference radioiodinated 5-HT(4)R antagonist (1-butylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl-8-amino-7-iodo[(123)I]-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine-5-carboxylate {[(123)I]1, [(123)I]SB 207710} both in vitro and in vivo in brain. Compound 11d was radiolabeled with [(125)I]iodine, providing a potential SPECT candidate for brain imaging of 5-HT(4)R.