gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Python-based laboratory course for image and video signal processing on embedded systems (2019)

The usage of embedded systems is omnipresent in our everyday life, e.g., in smartphones, tablets, or automotive devices. These devices are able to deal with challenging image processing tasks like real-time detection of faces or high dynamic range imaging. However, the size and computational power of an embedded system is a limiting demand. To help students understanding these challenges, a new lab course "Image and Video Signal Processing on Embedded Systems" has been developed and is presented in this paper. The Raspberry Pi 3 Model B and the open source programming language Python have been chosen, because of low hardware cost and free availability of the programming language. In this lab course the students learn handling both hard- and software, Python as an alternative to MATLAB, the image signal processing path, and how to develop an embedded image processing system, from the idea to implementation and debugging. At the beginning of the lab course an introduction to Python and the Raspberry Pi is given. After that, various experiments like the implementation of a corner detector and creation of a panorama image are prepared in the lab course. Students participating in the lab course develop a profound understanding of embedded image and video processing algorithms which is verified by comparing questionnaires at the beginning and the end of the lab course. Moreover, compared to a peer group attending an accompanying lecture with exercises, students having participated in this lab course outperform their peer group in the exam for the lecture by 0.5 on a five-point scale.
Larger visual changes compress time: The inverted effect of asemantic visual features on interval time perception (2022)

Time perception is fluid and affected by manipulations to visual inputs. Previous literature shows that changes to low-level visual properties alter time judgments at the millisecond-level. At longer intervals, in the span of seconds and minutes, high-level cognitive effects (e.g., emotions, memories) elicited by visual inputs affect time perception, but these effects are confounded with semantic information in these inputs, and are therefore challenging to measure and control. In this work, we investigate the effect of asemantic visual properties (pure visual features devoid of emotional or semantic value) on interval time perception. Our experiments were conducted with binary and production tasks in both conventional and head-mounted displays, testing the effects of four different visual features (spatial luminance contrast, temporal frequency, field of view, and visual complexity). Our results reveal a consistent pattern: larger visual changes all shorten perceived time in intervals of up to 3min, remarkably contrary to their effect on millisecond-level perception. Our findings may help alter participants' time perception, which can have broad real-world implications.
Heterogeneous Multi-Robot System for Exploration and Strategic Water Sampling (2018)

Physical sampling of water for off-site analysis is necessary for many applications like monitoring the quality of drinking water in reservoirs, understanding marine ecosystems, and measuring contamination levels in fresh-water systems. In this paper, the focus is on algorithms for efficient measurement and sampling using a multi-robot, data-driven, water-sampling behavior, where autonomous surface vehicles plan and execute water sampling using the chlorophyll density as a cue for plankton-rich water samples. We use two Autonomous Surface Vehicles (ASVs), one equipped with a water quality sensor and the other equipped with a water-sampling apparatus. The ASV with the sensor acts as an explorer, measuring and building a spatial map of chlorophyll density in the given region of interest. The ASV equipped with the water sampling apparatus makes decisions in real time on where to sample the water based on the suggestions made by the explorer robot. We evaluate the system in the context of measuring chlorophyll distributions. We do this both in simulation based on real geophysical data from MODIS measurements, and on real robots in a water reservoir. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in several ways including in terms of mean error in the interpolated data as a function of distance traveled.
Photostability of Ambient-Processed, Conjugated Polymer Electrochromic Devices Encapsulated by Bioderived Barrier Films (2021)

Polymer-based electrochromic devices (ECDs) are a promising technology for enabling low-voltage, disposable displays, yet are currently limited by photo-oxidative bleaching of the active materials. Here, renewable barrier films composed of cellulose and chitin are presented as an alternative to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) for encapsulating ECDs. To assess barrier film effectiveness, lateral ECDs composed of poly(3,4-propylenedioxythiophene-(CH2OEtHx)2) (P(ProDOT)) active layers were constructed and encapsulated with a multilayer barrier consisting of chitin nanofibers and cellulose nanocrystals spray cast onto a cellulose acetate substrate (oxygen transmission rate (OTR) = 29 cm3 m–2 day–1), a commercially available PET film (OTR = 8.5 cm3 m–2 day–1), and a high-performance PET-Al2O3 multilayer barrier film (OTR < 1 cm3 m–2 day–1). The photodegradation of the P(ProDOT) active layer was determined by measuring the evolution of the colorimetric contrast (ΔE*) and switching speeds as a function of light exposure (100 mW cm–2, AM 1.5 G light). Photodegradation was found to proceed at a similar rate for all encapsulated devices (roughly 10 times more slowly than unencapsulated devices), highlighting the opportunity for replacing petroleum packaging with bioderived barrier films. Analysis of the switching kinetics, the shifts in optical absorbance, and evidence of chemical degradation indicate that both photochemical breakdown of the electrolyte and cross-linking of the P(ProDOT) active material are key drivers for loss of device performance when oxygen flux to the active material is limited. Pathways toward better understanding photodegradation are then proposed with sustainability in mind for future ECD design.
Lack of Association between the Hepatocyte Growth Factor Receptor, c-met, and the Anti-Apoptotic Action of Bag-1 in Endothelial Cells (2004)

Bag-1 is a novel multifunctional protein. It was identified based on its ability to bind the anti-apoptotic protein, bcl-2, and also reported to interact with the heat shock protein 70 kDa (Hsp70). Thus, bag-1 may modulate apoptosis and the chaperone activity. More interestingly, bag-1 can bind to several growth factor receptors or steroid hormone receptors and regulate their function and signaling. The receptor of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), c-met, associated with bag-1 in a study measuring immunoprecipitation in endothelial cells, we decided to investigate the contribution of bag-1 to the anti-apoptotic action of HGF. Endogenous expression of bag-1 in endothelial cells was confirmed mainly in the cytosol fraction. The treatment of human recombinant HGF (rHGF) increased tyrosine kinase and ERK phosphorylation, whereas over-expression of bag-1 had no effect on this phosphorylation. In DNA synthesis as assessed by thymidine incorporation, over-expression of bag-1 also did not induce any additional increase. In contrast, in an assay of cell death as assessed by caspase activity and lactate dehydrogenase release, over-expression of bag-1 alone attenuated serum-free and tumor necrosis factor-α-induced cell death in endothelial cells. No synergistic effect was observed between bag-1 and rHGF. To further study the association of HGF and bag-1, we examined the effect of a deletion mutant of the bag-1 C-terminal region (CTR), because bag-1 CTR is necessary to bind to c-met. Unexpectedly, over-expression of bag-1 CTR also attenuated the endothelial cell death, similar to rHGF. Taken together, these results indicate that over-expression of bag-1 has an anti-apoptotic effect on endothelial cells independent of HGF signaling. (Hypertens Res 2004; 27: 359-365)
Induction of interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. (1997)

Drugs that affect the production or action, or both, of the pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) are predicted to have a significant impact on a variety of human diseases. The biochemical properties of IL-1 and the IL-1 receptor antagonist, the mechanism for their production, and the factors that regulate their release are discussed here. The association of IL-1 with various disease states is also reviewed. Various classes of drugs that can be used to manipulate the production of IL-1 and IL- I receptor antagonist are described. Interferon-alpha2b is a potent inhibitor in vitro of the induction of IL-1 and tumor necrosis factor by IL-1 and can induce high circulating levels of the anti-inflammatory soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor and IL-1 receptor antagonist in humans. Thus, interferon-alpha2b exhibits potent anti-inflammatory effects.
Anharmonic decay and the propagation of phonons in an isotopically pure crystal at low temperatures: Application to dark-matter detection (1993)

We consider the propagation and anharmonic decay of high-energy phonons introduced into a perfect dielectric crystal at low temperatures. The phonon-decay rate is calculated for an fcc model with central forces between nearest neighbors. We give an approximate relation between the parameters entering into this model and the experimentally known properties of real crystals. A discussion is given of the range of wave vectors over which slow transverse phonons are stable against anharmonic decay. These results are relevant to the design of experiments to detect dark matter via the study of the phonons excited in a crystal when a dark-matter particle scatters off a nucleus. We discuss the primary phonon production mechanism and the possibility that there is an anisotropy of the phonon flux that is related to the direction in which the nucleus recoils.
Mécanismes moléculaires de la cytotoxicité des cellules NK (1996)

- Les cellules NK sont de grands lymphocytes granuleux qui induisent la lyse de cellules cibles. Leur action cytotoxique, emprunte deux voies : la cytotoxicite dependante des anticorps (ADCC), enclenchee par un recepteur multimerique comprenant des sous-unites egalement associees au TCR des lymphocytes T, et la cytotoxicite dite naturelle. Deux mecanismes complementaires sont proposes pour le declenchement de cette derniere : un signal « ON », de nature encore incertaine, et un signal « OFF » qui inhibe la lyse. Cette inhibition est engendree par l'interaction entre des recepteurs a la surface des cellules NK (KIR pour killer-cell inhibitory receptor) et des molecules du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilite de classe I (CMH-I) a la surface de la cellule cible. Ces recepteurs des molecules du CMH I sont des lectines chez la souris, alors qu'elles appartiennent a la superfamille des immunoglobulines chez l'homme. Les lymphocytes T peuvent aussi exprimer a leur surface les recepteurs des molecules du CMH-I dont l'association a leur ligand inhibe alors l'activation lymphocytaire : il s'agit donc d'une strategie generale de regulation de l'activation lymphocytaire T et NK, fondee sur la reconnaissance de l'absence ou de l'alteration des molecules du CMH-I.
When are Two Waters Worse Than One? Doubling the Hydration Number of a Gd–DTPA Derivative Decreases Relaxivity (2005)

The synthesis of a novel ligand, based on N-methyl-diethylenetriaminetetraacetate and containing a diphenylcyclohexyl serum albumin binding group (L1) is described and the coordination chemistry and biophysical properties of its Gd(III) complex Gd-L1 are reported. The Gd(III) complex of the diethylenetriaminepentaacetate analogue of the ligand described here (L2) is the MRI contrast agent MS-325. The effect of converting an acetate to a methyl group on metal-ligand stability, hydration number, water-exchange rate, relaxivity, and binding to the protein human serum albumin (HSA) is explored. The complex Gd-L1 has two coordinated water molecules in solution, that is, [Gd(L1)(H2O)2]2- as shown by D-band proton ENDOR spectroscopy and implied by 1H and 17O NMR relaxation rate measurements. The Gd-H(water) distance of the coordinated waters was found to be identical to that found for Gd-L2, 3.08 A. Loss of the acetate group destabilizes the Gd(III) complex by 1.7 log units (log K(ML) = 20.34) relative to the complex with L2. The affinity of Gd-L1 for HSA is essentially the same as that of Gd-L2. The water-exchange rate of the two coordinated waters on Gd-L1 (k(ex) = 4.4x10(5) s(-1)) is slowed by an order of magnitude relative to Gd-L2. As a result of this slow water-exchange rate, the observed proton relaxivity of Gd-L1 is much lower in a solution of HSA under physiological conditions (r1(obs) = 22.0 mM(-1) s(-1) for 0.1 mM Gd-L1 in 0.67 mM HSA, HEPES buffer, pH 7.4, 35 degrees C at 20 MHz) than that of Gd-L2 (r1(obs) = 41.5 mM(-1) s(-1)) measured under the same conditions. Despite having two exchangeable water molecules, slow water exchange limits the potential efficacy of Gd-L1 as an MRI contrast agent.
Race Track Formation in a Magnetically Enhanced Hollow Cathode Electron Source (2014)

Immersing a hollow cathode into a magnetic field enhances trapping of fast cathode electrons and ionization, providing ~30% decrease in the discharge voltage for a given current. The nonuniform magnetic field in our electron source causes an intricate visual phenomenon-formation of bright plasma cords (race tracks) near two opposite walls, in a region, where the field component parallel to the walls is the strongest.
Tailored Thermosetting Wood Adhesive Based on Well-Defined Hardwood Lignin Fractions (2020)

By aiming at tailoring the bonding strength of a thermosetting lignin-containing phenol-formaldehyde (LPF) wood adhesive, different fractions of an industrial hardwood alkaline lignin have been prepared through sequential solvent fractionation (<i>i</i>-PrOH, EtOH, and MeOH). Those fractions were comprehensively characterized by GPC, GC, Py/GC−MS, and NMR techniques. Lignin fractions with low molar mass and narrow dispersity, including the <i>i</i>-PrOH-soluble and EtOH-soluble ones, were of high purity and had more reactive sites for LPF adhesive synthesis and better accessibility due to lower degree of condensation than the high molar mass ones. Some recalcitrance of integrating high molar mass fractions covalently into the PF adhesive was observed, which was also true in the case of lignin phenolation. The tailored bonding strength of the LPF adhesive, tested by gluing wood pieces, provided strong evidence for molecular structure−performance correlation; the <i>i</i>-PrOH-PF had the lowest activation energy, the highest curing enthalpy, and the strongest bonding strength of 2.16 MPa. This study demonstrates a clear structure−property-application relationship of technical hardwood lignin in the LPF adhesive field, which might pave the way for a more effective bulk valorization.
Regenerative Potential of Neonatal Porcine Hearts (2018)

The neonatal porcine heart is capable of regeneration after AMI during the first 2 days of life. This phenomenon is associated with induction of cardiomyocyte proliferation and is lost when cardiomyocytes exit the cell cycle shortly after birth.
Rigorous Surface-Potential Solution for Undoped Symmetric Double-Gate MOSFETs Considering Both Electrons and Holes at Quasi NonEquilibrium (2008)

This paper presents a rigorously-derived analytical solution of the Poisson equation with both electrons and holes in pure silicon, which is applied to the analysis of undoped symmetric double-gate transistors. An implicit surface-potential equation is obtained that can be solved by a second-order Newton-Raphson technique along with an appropriate initial guess. Within the assumption of holes at equilibrium that is being used in the existing literature, the new results, when compared with the models based on one carrier, reveal that missing the other carrier in the formulation results in a singularity in the gate capacitance exactly at flatband, which may give trouble for high-frequency analysis, although the errors in surface potentials are below the nano-volt range for all gate voltages. However, the solution without assuming constant hole imref, as presented in this paper for the first time, further pinpoints the inadequacy in existing theories of surface-potential solutions in double-gate MOSFETs with undoped thin bodies, although its application to transport solutions of terminal current/charge models depends highly on the type of source/drain structures and contacts.
Appendix A: Some Useful Formulas and Definitions (2006)

This appendix contains sections titled: Trigonometric Identities Geometric Series Complex Variables Units of Power References
Slow Photon Generation on Silicon NanoPhotonic Crystal Waveguides and Applications (2005)

Photonic crystal line defect waveguides show high group velocity dispersion and slow photon effect near transmission band edge. The group index of the fabricated silicon photonic crystal line defect waveguide is experimentally demonstrated as high as 45 at optical wavelength around 1558 nm. The group velocity dispersion of the fabricated silicon photonic crystal line defect waveguide is as high as 50 ps/nm·mm at wavelength around 1558 nm, which is more than 107 times the dispersion of the standard telecom fiber (D = 3 ps/nm·km). Due to the integration nature of photonic crystals, system-on-chip integration with multifunction including modulation, switching, delay manipulation, and detection can be easily achieved. Further results will be presented in the plenary session of the conference.
Solderability of BGA Joints between Cu Core Solder Balls with Sn/Ag Multi Plating and Ni/Au Coated Pads (2003)

Cuコア鉛フリーはんだボールとしてCuボールにSnとAgを順にめっきしたボールを作製し, その溶融挙動およびパッド材との接合性を検討した。その結果Snめっき中にCuとAgが拡散することによりSn-Ag-Cuの3元共晶温度で溶融が開始し, Sn-3.5Ag-0.76Cuと同様な条件でソルダリングが可能とわかった。このボールをNi/Auめっきパッドと接合したとき, Sn-3.5Ag-0.76Cuと同様にはんだはβ-Sn, Ag3Sn, Cu6Sn5 (η') からなる組織を呈し, 界面にはη'相が形成した。また高温放置後の試料に対するせん断試験結果から, この界面反応層の成長が抑制されたため接合強度の劣化が起こりにくいことがわかった。
Identification of MALT1 feedback mechanisms enables rational design of potent antilymphoma regimens for ABC-DLBCL (2021)

MALT1 inhibitors are promising therapeutic agents for B-cell lymphomas that are dependent on constitutive or aberrant signaling pathways. However, a potential limitation for signal transduction-targeted therapies is the occurrence of feedback mechanisms that enable escape from the full impact of such drugs. Here, we used a functional genomics screen in activated B-cell-like (ABC) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cells treated with a small molecule irreversible inhibitor of MALT1 to identify genes that might confer resistance or enhance the activity of MALT1 inhibition (MALT1i). We find that loss of B-cell receptor (BCR)- and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-activating proteins enhanced sensitivity, whereas loss of negative regulators of these pathways (eg, TRAF2, TNFAIP3) promoted resistance. These findings were validated by knockdown of individual genes and a combinatorial drug screen focused on BCR and PI3K pathway-targeting drugs. Among these, the most potent combinatorial effect was observed with PI3Kδ inhibitors against ABC-DLBCLs in vitro and in vivo, but that led to an adaptive increase in phosphorylated S6 and eventual disease progression. Along these lines, MALT1i promoted increased MTORC1 activity and phosphorylation of S6K1-T389 and S6-S235/6, an effect that was only partially blocked by PI3Kδ inhibition in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, simultaneous inhibition of MALT1 and MTORC1 prevented S6 phosphorylation, yielded potent activity against DLBCL cell lines and primary patient specimens, and resulted in more profound tumor regression and significantly improved survival of ABC-DLBCLs in vivo compared with PI3K inhibitors. These findings provide a basis for maximal therapeutic impact of MALT1 inhibitors in the clinic, by disrupting feedback mechanisms that might otherwise limit their efficacy.
<title>Adaptive nonlinear control systems for atmospheric correction</title> (1993)

In this paper we characterize and illustrate Adaptive Optics Control system errors associated with sensor misregistration and present an approach to minimize them by employing nonlinear adaptive control methodologies. Furthermore, through the use of the Extended Kalman Filter methods, we determine if it is feasible that experimental data can be used to drive a complete multi-input multi-output dynamic model of the closed-loop adaptive optics system to estimate parameters directly related to stability margins. Finally, we review some aspects of the adaptive reconfiguration capabilities of the Hartmann wavefront sensor to be used for the verification of the Hubble Space Telescope optics. That sensor has the ability to adjust itself to misregistration with the system pupil via the modification of algorithm parameters. It also corrects for misalignment with the image location via active repositioning of the optical head.
Integrated optical circulator in InP (2005)

A polarization independent waveguide circulator design is proposed. Isolation of 24 dB and insertion loss of 1.41 dB is calculated at 1550 nm. Isolation of 20 dB is calculated with the entire device magnetically doped.
Preliminary Investigation of Axial and Angular Sampling in Multi-Pinhole AdaptiSPECT-C with XCAT Phantoms (2017)

Most brain SPECT imaging procedures are currently being performed using general-purpose systems which are unable to fully take advantage of the use of clinically available agents. We are designing a novel multi-detector, multi-pinhole modular dedicated brain SPECT imaging system called AdaptiSPECT-C to improve sensitivity and resolution, and address the static and dynamic imaging needs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the axial and angular sampling sufficiency of a preliminary design of the system using simulation of the XCAT and a customized Defrise phantom. The simulator as well as image reconstruction projector is based on analytical modeling. The results provided an insight into the axial and angular sampling of the region-ofinterest of the AdaptiSPECT-C system and possible approaches to enhance the image quality in this regard showing that the application of approaches for increasing axial and angular samples including multipinhole shattering concept can enhance the quality of the reconstructed images.
A Game Theoretic Approach for Dynamic Information Flow Tracking to\n Detect Multi-Stage Advanced Persistent Threats (2018)

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) infiltrate cyber systems and compromise\nspecifically targeted data and/or resources through a sequence of stealthy\nattacks consisting of multiple stages. Dynamic information flow tracking has\nbeen proposed to detect APTs. In this paper, we develop a dynamic information\nflow tracking game for resource-efficient detection of APTs via multi-stage\ndynamic games. The game evolves on an information flow graph, whose nodes are\nprocesses and objects (e.g. file, network endpoints) in the system and the\nedges capture the interaction between different processes and objects. Each\nstage of the game has pre-specified targets which are characterized by a set of\nnodes of the graph and the goal of the APT is to evade detection and reach a\ntarget node of that stage. The goal of the defender is to maximize the\ndetection probability while minimizing performance overhead on the system. The\nresource costs of the players are different and the information structure is\nasymmetric resulting in a nonzero-sum imperfect information game. We first\ncalculate the best responses of the players and characterize the set of Nash\nequilibria for single stage attacks. Subsequently, we provide a polynomial-time\nalgorithm to compute a correlated equilibrium for the multi-stage attack case.\nFinally, we experiment our model and algorithms on real-world nation state\nattack data obtained from Refinable Attack Investigation system.\n