gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultralow-noise pin -HEMT optical front end with spice noise modelling (1992)

Accurate modelling of HEMT noise mechanisms has been obtained using a new technique for implementing generalised noise sources in SPICE, including frequency and correlation effects. A pin-HEMT optical front end operating between 2.2 and 4.3GHz was designed, and the equivalent input noise spectral density was measured to be below 3.0pA/□(Hz) over the passband.
Chondrogenic potential of chick embryonic calvaria: I. Low calcium permits cartilage differentiation (1995)

Calvaria from day-14 calcium-deficient chick embryos produced by long-term maintenance in shell-less culture, exhibit a cartilage-like phenotype (Jacenko and Tuan [1986] Dev. Biol. 115:215-232), which is restored to an osteogenic phenotype upon calcium repletion to the embryo. The expression of cartilage markers in a typically osteogenic tissue under calcium deficiency implies the presence of chondrogenic cells, and questions the conditions associated with calcium deficiency which may cause their divergent pathway of differentiation. In the present study, by explanting normal and shell-less embryonic calvarial pairs in organ culture in vitro and experimentally regulating their calcium supply, the calcium status of the calvaria was modulated as a function of medium calcium. Histological and immunoblotting analyses demonstrated for the first time that calvaria possess cells which can form genuine cartilage. This chondrogenic potential is expressed only in a low-calcium environment, where cartilage forms in both normal and shell-less calvarial pairs; their calcium-supplemented counterparts, however, develop as fully osteogenic tissues. Furthermore, chondrogenesis in both normal and shell-less calvaria indicates that the chondrogenic cells must be endogenous constituents of the calvaria, rather than being derived elsewhere in response to systemic calcium deficiency. Finally, the correlation between matrix under-calcification and cartilage expression in the embryonic calvarium suggests that calcium, perhaps in the form of matrix mineral, may modulate cell differentiation during skeletogenesis.
18O tracer studies of CO oxidation with O2on MoO3. Part 3.—Reaction mechanism of oxygen isotope exchange between CO2and MoO3 (1994)

The kinetics and mechanism of the oxygen exchange between C18O2 and MoO3 have been examined in the temperature range 673–793 K and in the pressure range 24–146 Pa. The rate of oxygen exchange was proportional to the pressure of CO2 with an activation energy of 94.5 kJ mol–1, which was smaller than that for the catalytic oxidation of CO with O2 on MoO3 by 22.1 kJ mol–1. The rate constant of oxygen exchange between CO2 and MoO3, Rco2, was 51–25 times larger than that for the catalytic oxidation of CO with O2 on MoO3, kco2, at 673–793 K; both had similar frequency factors and fractions of effective collisions were estimated to be almost the same. The difference between Rco2 and kco2 originated from the difference in the activation energies between the two reactions. An active complex with a unidentate carbonate was proposed in the oxygen exchange mechanism.
Endorectal MR Imaging before Salvage Prostatectomy: Tumor Localization and Staging (2006)

Endorectal MR imaging following radiation therapy can help identify tumor sites and depict ECE and SVI with reasonable accuracy in patients with recurrent prostate cancer.
Local Atomic Structure and Conduction Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Hydrous RuO2 from X-ray Scattering (2002)

Hydrous ruthenium oxide (RuO2·xH2O or RuOxHy) is a mixed proton−electron conductor which could be used in fuel cells and ultracapacitors. Its charge-storage (pseudocapacitance) and electrocatalytic properties vary with water content and are maximized near the composition RuO2·0.5 mol % H2O. We studied the atomic structure of RuO2·xH2O as a function of water content from x = 0.84 to 0.02 using X-ray diffraction and atomic pair density function (PDF). Even though the diffraction patterns of samples containing 0.84 to 0.35 mole of water are suggestive of “amorphous” structures, the PDF analysis clearly shows that up to 0.7 nm, the short-range atomic structure of all of these RuO2·xH2O samples resembles that of the anhydrous rutile RuO2 structure. We conclude that RuO2·xH2O is a composite of anhydrous rutile-like RuO2 nanocrystals dispersed by boundaries of structural water associated with Ru−O. Metallic conduction is supported by the rutile-like nanocrystals, while proton conduction is facilitated by the structural water along the grain boundaries. This structural picture explains the charge-storage and electrocatalytic properties of RuO2·xH2O in terms of competing percolation networks of metallic and protonic conduction pathways, that vary in volume as a function of the water content of the RuO2·xH2O. The control and optimization of electron and proton conducting volumes and pathways will lead to improved performance and guide the design of new materials.
Alarmins: Feel the Stress (2017)

Abstract Over the last decade, danger-associated molecular pattern molecules, or alarmins, have been recognized as signaling mediators of sterile inflammatory responses after trauma and injury. In contrast with the accepted passive release models suggested by the “danger hypothesis,” it was recently shown that alarmins can also directly sense and report damage by signaling to the environment when released from live cells undergoing physiological stress, even without loss of subcellular compartmentalization. In this article, we review the involvement of alarmins such as IL-1α, IL-33, IL-16, and high-mobility group box 1 in cellular and physiological stress, and suggest a novel activity of these molecules as central initiators of sterile inflammation in response to nonlethal stress, a function we denote “stressorins.” We highlight the role of posttranslational modifications of stressorins as key regulators of their activity and propose that targeted inhibition of stressorins or their modifiers could serve as attractive new anti-inflammatory treatments for a broad range of diseases.
A Joint Model for Answer Sentence Ranking and Answer Extraction (2016)

Answer sentence ranking and answer extraction are two key challenges in question answering that have traditionally been treated in isolation, i.e., as independent tasks. In this article, we (1) explain how both tasks are related at their core by a common quantity, and (2) propose a simple and intuitive joint probabilistic model that addresses both via joint computation but task-specific application of that quantity. In our experiments with two TREC datasets, our joint model substantially outperforms state-of-the-art systems in both tasks.
Minimizing Peak Load from Information Cascades: Social Networks Meet Cellular Networks (2015)

Online social networks (OSNs) serve today as a platform for information dissemination. At the same time, mobile devices provide ubiquitous network access through the cellular infrastructure. In this paper, we develop mechanisms for minimizing the peak load of the cellular network due to information cascades spreading on social media. First, we exploit the social ties for predicting information dissemination and we propose Proactive Seeding-a technique for minimizing the peak load of cellular networks. Much of such a load is due to information cascades spreading in social media, and we address it by proactively pushing (“seeding”) content to selected users before they actually request it. We develop a family of algorithms that take as input information primarily about: (i) cascades on the OSN, (ii) the background traffic load in the cellular network, and (iii) the local connectivity among mobiles; the algorithms then select which nodes to seed and when. We prove that Proactive Seeding is optimal when the prediction of information cascades is perfect. We perform simulations driven by traces from Twitter and cellular networks and we find that Proactive Seeding reduces the peak cellular load by 20-50 percent. Then, we exploit the fact that there is correlation between social ties and physical proximity and we combine Proactive Seeding with device-to-device communication to further reduce the peak load.
In vitro analysis of genome‐engineered muscle‐derived stem cells for autoregulated anti‐inflammatory and antifibrotic activity (2022)

Traumatic muscle injury leads to chronic and pathologic fibrosis in skeletal muscles, primarily driven through upregulation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Cell-based therapies, such as injection of muscle-derived stem cells (MDSCs), have shown promise in muscle repair. However, injected MDSCs in injured skeletal muscle can differentiate into myofibroblasts under the influence of TGF-β1, and contribute to the development of fibrosis, limiting their regenerative potential. In this study, we created a "smart" cell-based drug delivery system using CRISPR-Cas9 to genetically engineer MDSCs capable of sensing TGF-β1 and producing an antifibrotic biologic, decorin. These gene-edited smart cells, capable of inhibiting fibrosis in a dose-dependent and autoregulating manner, show anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic properties in vitro, without changing the expression of myogenic and stem cell markers as well as their cell proliferation and myogenic differentiation. Additionally, differentiation down a fibrotic lineage is reduced or eliminated in response to TGF-β1. Our results show that gene editing can be used to successfully create smart stem cells capable of producing biologic drugs with antifibrotic capabilities in a controlled and localized manner. This system provides a tool for cell-based drug delivery as the basis for a novel therapeutic approach for a variety of diseases.
Performance evaluation of feature-based image alignment techniques for inter-sequence error concealment (2011)

Mobile reception of digital TV signals is typically error-prone. In multi-broadcast scenarios, inter-sequence error concealment replaces lost image blocks of distorted TV signals with error-free ones of low-resolution reference signals. As the latter are typically delayed, scaled and possibly cropped, however, spatio-temporal image alignment is crucial. Up to now, spatial alignment parameters have been estimated with moderate computational complexity by matching of the widely-used scale-invariant features. In this paper, more recent features from literature are evaluated to further reduce the complexity of the alignment step. Also, one novel feature transform is proposed. Simulations show that the well-known speeded-up robust features can reduce the complexity by 12%. However, the reconstruction quality is lowered due to the misalignment of single frames. The novel transform achieves a speed gain of 11%, but does not decrease the reconstruction quality significantly.
Differences in head impact biomechanics between playing positions in Canadian high school football players (2022)

The objective of this study was to compare head impact magnitudes and time between impacts among positions in Canadian high-school football. Thirty nine players from two high-school football teams were recruited and assigned a position profile: Profile 1 (quarterback, receiver, defensive back, kicker), Profile 2 (linebacker, running back), and Profile 3 (linemen). Players wore instrumented mouthguards to measure peak magnitudes of linear and angular acceleration and velocity for each head impact throughout the season. A principal component analysis reduced the dimensionality of biomechanical variables, resulting in one principal component (PC1) score assigned to every impact. Time between impacts was calculated by subtracting the timestamps of subsequent head impacts within a session. Significant differences in PC1 scores and time between impacts occurred between playing position profiles (<i>ps</i><0.001). Post-hoc comparisons determined that PC1 was greatest in Profile 2, followed by Profiles 1 and 3. Time between impacts was lowest in Profile 3, followed by Profiles 2 and 1. This study delivers a new method of reducing the multidimensionality of head impact magnitudes and suggests different Canadian high-school football playing positions experience different head impact magnitudes and frequencies, which is important for monitoring concussion and repetitive head impact exposure.
Three-dimensional geologic model of southeastern Tertiary coastal-plain sediments, Savannah River Site, South Carolina: An applied geostatistical approach for environmental applications (2004)

A high-resolution geologic model of the General Separations Area supporting groundwater cleanup at the Savannah River Site (SRS) was developed using geostatistical approaches adapted from the petroleum industry. Depositional facies in each formation were identified from core descriptions and modeled using sequential indicator simulation. Petrophysical properties in each facies were then modeled as distinct fields using sequential Gaussian simulation. A complete property distribution was assembled as a montage of the three-dimensional fields simulated independently in each facies. Petrophysical property realizations thus reflect the spatial distribution of and sharp boundaries between facies. Application of sequence-stratigraphic principles was difficult because of the small scale of the study site, unconsolidated nature of sediments, and proximity to the Fall Line. Nevertheless, multidimensional variogram mapping was effective at identifying the underlying spatial structures in the field data needed to reproduce major preserved features of the ancient coastline in model surfaces and facies and property fields. Preliminary assessment of permeability fields derived from the geologic model using connectivity and streamline and tracer simulation suggests that the methods were successful in identifying preferential pathways for contaminant migration from the SRS F-area seepage basins. However, further analysis using a numerical solute transport model with rigorous boundary conditions is needed for confirmation.
Cα-Methyl,Cα-allylglycine (Mag) Homooligomers (2001)

A complete series of Nα-protected, monodispersed homooligopeptide esters to the pentamer level from l-Cα-methyl,Cα-allylglycine (l-Mag) have been synthesized step-by-step in solution and fully characterized. The solution preferred conformation of these homooligomers has been assessed by FT-IR absorption and 1H NMR techniques. Moreover, the molecular structures of the homodimer and trimer have been determined in the crystal state by X-ray diffraction, and the conformational energy map of the homotrimer has been computed. The results obtained point to the conclusion that right-handed, single, or multiple β-bends are preferentially adopted by the conformationally restricted l-Mag homooligomers. In particular, 310-helices are formed by the longest homooligomer (pleionomer). The implications for the use of the Mag residue in designing conformationally constrained peptide substrates for reactions involving the side-chain CC functionality are briefly discussed.
Cam-phasing Optimization Using Artificial Neural Networks as Surrogate Models-Fuel Consumption and NOx Emissions (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Cam-phasing is increasingly considered as a feasible Variable Valve Timing (VVT) technology for production engines. Additional independent control variables in a dual-independent VVT engine increase the complexity of the system, and achieving its full benefit depends critically on devising an optimum control strategy. A traditional approach relying on hardware experiments to generate set-point maps for all independent control variables leads to an exponential increase in the number of required tests and prohibitive cost. Instead, this work formulates the task of defining actuator set-points as an optimization problem. In our previous study, an optimization framework was developed and demonstrated with the objective of maximizing torque at full load. This study extends the technique and uses the optimization framework to minimize fuel consumption of a VVT engine at part load. By adding a penalty term for NOx emissions in the optimization objective, the tradeoff of fuel consumption and NOx emissions is explored. The methodology relies on high-fidelity simulations for pre-optimality studies and as means of generating data that characterize engine behavior in the multi-dimensional space. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) are then trained on sets of high-fidelity simulation data and used as surrogate models, thus enabling optimization runs requiring hundreds of function evaluations. A case study performed for a DaimlerChrysler 2.4 liter four-cylinder SI engine demonstrates the use of the algorithm for minimizing fuel consumption while simultaneously meeting NOx emission targets.&lt;/div&gt;
Finger-Trace Generator for SWYPE Touch Screen Testing Applications (2017)

With the introduction of touch-screens for an increasing number of applications such as smart phones, vending machines and automotive displays, the need for testing input possibilities for such displays arose. For many different test scenarios not only synthetic, but also human-like inputs are desired. This paper describes an approach capable of creating human-like finger-traces for the input method including, but not limited to swyping. In the process, the algorithm will calculate splines that imitate human finger-traces and run through specified control points. These control points are lying on a given keyboard layout and are analyzed by image processing algorithms. Providing different user profiles for varying input styles-such as precise and sloppy, slow and fast-automated test runs on the robustness and accuracy of applications can be realized, considering the finger-trace that was utilized.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Small-Molecule Modulation of TDP-43 Recruitment to Stress Granules Prevents Persistent TDP-43 Accumulation in ALS/FTD. (2019)

Stress granules (SGs) form during cellular stress and are implicated in neurodegenerative diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD). To yield insights into the role of SGs in pathophysiology, we performed a high-content screen to identify small molecules which alter SG properties in proliferative cells and human iPSC-derived motor neurons (iPS-MNs). One major class of active molecules contained extended planar aromatic moieties, suggesting a potential to intercalate in nucleic acids. Accordingly, we show that several hit compounds can prevent the RNA-dependent recruitment of the ALS-associated RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) TDP-43, FUS and HNRNPA2B1 into SGs. We further demonstrate that transient SG formation contributes to persistent accumulation of TDP-43 into cytoplasmic puncta and that our hit compounds can reduce this accumulation in iPS-MNs from ALS patients. We propose that compounds with planar moieties represent a promising starting point to develop small molecule therapeutics for treating ALS/FTD.
Recent advances in the neurophysiology of stress urinary incontinence (2005)

The purpose of this article is to highlight recent developments in the understanding of the neuropathophysiology of stress urinary incontinence (SUI). The innervation of the urethra and the role of the guarding reflex in maintaining continence will be reviewed and recent animal research regarding the physiological basis of SUI will be discussed.
Laser light scattering studies of soluble high performance fluorine‐containing polyimides, 1. Polyimide synthesized from 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)‐hexafluoropropane dianhydride and 2,2′‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐biphenyldiamine (1997)

Abstract Five fractions of a polyimide synthesized from 2,2′‐bis(3,4‐dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,2′‐(trifluoromethyl)‐4,4′‐biphenyldiamine (PFMB) (6FDA/PFMB) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 30°C were investigated by a combination of static and dynamic laser light scattering (LLS). The relations of 〈 R h 〉 (nm) = 2.38 x 10 −2 M w 0.560 and A 2 (mol · cm −3 · g −2 ) = 2.1 × 10 −1 M w −0.43 were established, where M w , 〈 R h 〉 and A 2 are weight‐average molecular weight, average hydrodynamic radius and second virial coefficient, respectively. A combination of M w and the translational diffusion coefficient distribution G(D) leads to a relation of D (cm 2 /s) = 2.41 × 10 −4 M 0.564 . With this relation, we successfully convert each G(D) into a corresponding molecular weight distribution (MWD). On the basis of the Benoit‐Doty theory, we found that the persistence length and the Flory characteristic ratio C ∞ of the 6FDA‐PFMB chain are ∼3.3 nm and ∼40, respectively, indicating that the 6FDA‐PFMB chain is more extended than typical random‐coil chains. On the other hand, the ratio of the radius of gyration to the hydrodynamic radius, i.e., 〈 R g 〉/〈 R h 〉 ∼ 1.8, together with the values of the exponents (∼0.56) indicate that the 6FDA‐PFMB chain has a coil chain conformation. Therefore, the 6FDA‐PFMB chain has an extended coil conformation in THF at 30°C.
Fluoride etch masks for high-resolution pattern transfer (1990)

We use thermally evaporated fluoride films as dry etch masks to fabricate sub-100 nm wide features into III–V heterostructures. Fluorides are compatible with lift-off processing and display excellent resistance to halide etch gas mixtures. Among the advantages which these materials offer over conventional metal masks are their thermal stability, good adhesion, high resistivity, the avoidance of ‘‘flags’’ arising from angle evaporation, and the ease with which they can be removed from the surface. By adjusting the composition of these fluorides and thereby controlling their grain size, we can optimize the resolution and erosion rates of our masks and fabricate structures with lateral sizes below 20 nm.
Wind Profiles Obtained with a Molecular Direct Detection Doppler Lidar During IHOP-2002 (2004)

The Goddard Lidar Observatory for Winds (GLOW) is a mobile direct detection Doppler lidar system which uses the double edge technique to measure the Doppler shift of the molecular backscattered laser signal at a wavelength of 355 nm. In the spring of 2002 GLOW was deployed to the western Oklahoma profiling site (36 deg 33.500 min. N, 100 deg. 36.371 min. W) to participate in the International H2O Project (IHOP). During the IHOP campaign over 240 hours of wind profiles were obtained with the GLOW lidar in support of a variety of scientific investigations.
A Practical Preparation of 5‐(Ketoaryl)thiazoles. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: Sol‐Gel Synthesis of Fluoride Glasses and Thin Films (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Feasibility Studies and Architecture for Multi-Radio Access in Ambient networks (2005)

Ambient Networks is a new networking concept that targets forthcoming dynamic communication environments; characterized by presence of a multitude of different wireless devices, radio access techno ...