gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cerebro-cerebellar circuitry for body language reading (2015)

Body language reading is essential for social cognition and interaction. Healthy individuals readily recognize emotions conveyed by body motion, yet the underlying brain circuitry remains largely unknown. Here, we conducted a functional MRI (3T Trio, Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) in 17 healthy adults during recognition of different emotional expression in dynamic displays of knocking on a door. Data pre-processing and analysis were conducted with Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM12, Wellcome Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, London, UK, http://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm). Positive knocking elicited higher activations in the right basal ganglia and superior temporal sulcus (STS), as compared to neutral displays. The left inferior insula, anterior and medial cingulate cortex were more activated by negative emotion. Neutral contrasted to emotional body language engaged left cerebellar lobule IX and right amygdala. In a nutshell, the outcome indicates a distributed cerebro-cerebellar network for visual processing of emotional body language. Midline cerebellar structures and the amygdala may interact in signalling a lack of emotional expression. This is in line with recent data on cerebellar involvement in visual processing of body motion, and may open a window for future research on the role of cerebellum in neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and autistic spectrum disorders.
Structural basis for specific ligation of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (2017)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) family comprises three subtypes: PPARα, PPARγ, and PPARδ. PPARδ transcriptionally modulates lipid metabolism and the control of energy homeostasis; therefore, PPARδ agonists are promising agents for treating a variety of metabolic disorders. In the present study, we develop a panel of rationally designed PPARδ agonists. The modular motif affords efficient syntheses using building blocks optimized for interactions with subtype-specific residues in the PPARδ ligand-binding domain (LBD). A combination of atomic-resolution protein X-ray crystallographic structures, ligand-dependent LBD stabilization assays, and cell-based transactivation measurements delineate structure-activity relationships (SARs) for PPARδ-selective targeting and structural modulation. We identify key ligand-induced conformational transitions of a conserved tryptophan side chain in the LBD that trigger reorganization of the H2'-H3 surface segment of PPARδ. The subtype-specific conservation of H2'-H3 sequences suggests that this architectural remodeling constitutes a previously unrecognized conformational switch accompanying ligand-dependent PPARδ transcriptional regulation.
Millimeter wave surface and reflectivity estimation based on sparse time of flight measurements (2014)

We present a novel active millimeter wave imaging technique that can be used to estimate target surface and reflectivity. This technique requires no mechanical scanning but requires only a sparse array of detectors. The illumination beam requires no focusing or collimation. The reconstruction is based on the time of flight information from the reflected signal.
Microcirculatory Alterations in Critically Ill Patients with COVID-19-Associated Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (2022)

In COVID-19-associated ARDS patients, the microcirculation showed impaired quality of flow parameters coupled with a high vessel density.
Efficiency-Aware and Constraint-Aware Control of PEMFC Air-Path using a Reference Governor and MIMO Internal Model Controller (2022)

In this paper, an internal model control (IMC) control scheme combined with reference governor (RG) for constraint management is proposed to regulate a nonlinear multivariable air-path system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) system. The control objectives are to avoid oxygen starvation, run at the maximum net efficiency, achieve fast tracking of air flow and pressure set-points, and be easy to calibrate. To operate at maximum efficiency, a set-point map is generated for air pressure at the cathode inlet. Considering that the conventional PEMFC system cannot independently control the inlet pressure using only the compressor motor, we formulated a new multivariable analysis and control scheme by considering an electronic throttle body (ETB) valve downstream of the cathode as a new degree of freedom in the control problem. Based on this new configuration of the fuel cell model, we designed an IMC controller with intuitive tuning parameters to simultaneously control airflow and pressure and achieve a fast and smooth response despite strongly coupled plant dynamics. Further, a RG using a computationally tractable linear prediction model is included with IMC-based Multi-Input Multi-Output (MIMO) controller to satisfy the constraint on oxygen level. Compared with a Single-Input Single-Output (SISO) air-flow control approach, the proposed MIMO control approach demonstrated up to 7.36 percent lower hydrogen fuel consumption.
Dark-field imaging on a clinical CT system: sample data processing and reconstruction (2022)

Grating-based phase-contrast and dark-field X-ray imaging is a promising technology for improving the diagnosis and imaging capabilities of breast cancer and lung diseases. While traditional X-ray techniques only consider the attenuation coefficient, phase-contrast and dark-field imaging are also capable of measuring the refractive index decrement and the so-called linear diffusion coefficient, a measure of a sample’s small-angle scattering strength. Consequently, the technique provides additional information about the micro-structure of a sample. While it is already possible to perform human chest dark-field radiography, it is assumed that its diagnostic value increases when performed in a tomographic setup. The thereby acquired three-dimensional mappings of the three modalities yield detailed information about morphological changes without being obscured by overlaying structures. This work presents the sample data processing and reconstruction pipeline of the first human-sized clinical dark-field CT system. In this novel setting we require a processing concept which is (1) compatible with continuous rotation, (2) can compensate for perturbances induced by system vibrations, and (3) still enables short processing and reconstruction times. An advanced sliding window approach was chosen for the sample data extraction to meet requirements (1) and (3). Furthermore, we present the corrective measures that have to be applied in the employed processing and reconstruction algorithms to mitigate the effects of vibrations and deformations of the interferometer gratings. The developed techniques are shown to successfully reduce the emergence of artefacts in the reconstructed images.
Cooperative relay-based multicasting for energy and delay minimization (2012)

Relay-based multicasting for the purpose of cooperative content distribution is studied. Optimized relay selection is performed with the objective of minimizing the energy consumption or the content distribution delay within a cluster of cooperating mobiles. Two schemes are investigated. The first consists of the BS sending the data only to the relay, and the second scheme considers the scenario of threshold-based multicasting by the BS, where a relay is selected to transmit the data to the mobiles that were not able to receive the multicast data. Both schemes show significant superiority compared to the non-cooperative scenarios, in terms of energy consumption and delay reduction.
A Novel Plasma Etching Tool with RF-Biased Faraday-Shield Technology: Chamber Surface Reaction Control in the Etching of Nonvolatile Materials (2003)

A novel electro-magnetically coupled plasma (EMCP) etching tool for nonvolatile materials has been developed. The EMCP etcher is based on inductively coupled plasma generation and has a function for controlling surface reactions by supplying RF bias to a Faraday shield which covers a ceramic discharge dome. We investigated plasma controllability and chamber surface reaction controllability of the EMCP etcher and found that the RF-biased Faraday shield effectively keeps the internal surface of the dome clean in the etching processes of nonvolatile materials. Because of this feature, the EMCP etcher can be applied to the etching processes of various nonvolatile materials such as Pt, Ru, Ir, NiFe, Au, Mo, Ta, Al2O3, HfO2, ZrO2, and indium tin oxide (ITO).
Apoptotic and Anti-Apoptotic Mechanisms Following Spinal Cord Injury (2001)

A number of studies have provided evidence that cell death from moderate traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is regulated, in part, by apoptosis that involves the caspase family of cysteine proteases. However, little or no information is available about anti-apoptotic mechanisms mediated by the inhibitors of apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins that inhibit cell death pathways. In the present study, we examined caspase and IAP expression in spinal cords of rats subjected to moderate traumatic injury. Within 6 h after injury, caspase-8 and-9 (2 initiators of apoptosis) were predominantly present in gray matter neurons within the lesion epicenter. By 3 days following spinal cord injury (SCI), caspase-8 and-9 immunoreactivity was localized to gray and white matter cells, and by 7 days following SCI, both upstream caspases were expressed in cells within white matter or within foamy macrophages in gray matter. Caspase-3, an effector caspase, was evident in a few fragmented cells in gray matter at 24 h following injury and then localized to white matter in later stages. Thus, distinct patterns of caspase expression can be found in the spinal cord following injury. XIAP, cIAP-1, and cIAP-2, members of the IAP family, were constitutively expressed in the cord. Immunoblots of spinal cord extracts revealed that the processed forms of caspases-8 and-9 and cleavage of PARP are present as early as 6 h following trauma. The expression of caspases corresponded with the detection of cleavage of XIAP into 2 fragments following injury. cIAP-1 and cIAP-2 expression remained constant during early periods following SCI but demonstrated alterations by 7 days following SCI. Our data are consistent with the idea that XIAP may have a protective role within the spinal cord, and that alteration in cleavage of XIAP may regulate cell death following SCI.
Wavepacket theory of dynamic absorption spectra in femtosecond pump-probe studies (1990)

Dynamic absorption spectroscopy takes advantage of the spectral width of ultrafast femtosecond pulses to measure complete time-resolved absorption spectra with a single pulse. To quantitatively analyze these experiments, we have developed a time-dependent theory for dynamic absorption spectroscopy which generalizes the usual wavepacket picture of optical absorption to the unique case of nonstationary initial states. In our treatment, the spectrum of an initial nonstationary state is seen to arise from the time-dependent overlap of wavepackets propagating on both the final and initial potential surfaces of the transition. Calculations modelling the 6 fs experiments on Nile Blue and bacteriorhodopsin are presented.
Design of a four-rotor aerial robot (2002)

The design and fabrication of a proto-type four-rotor vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) aerial robot for use as indoor experimental robotics platform is presented. The flyer is termed an X4-flyer. A development of the dynamic model of the system is presented and a pilot augmentation control design is proposed.
Irbesartan: Second Generation of ARB as Metabosartan (2010)

Irbesartan is an angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptor blocker (ARB) that inhibits the actions of angiotensin II on the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Once-daily administration of irbesartan provides 24-hour control of blood pressure in hypertensive patients. A renoprotective effect of irbesartan in hypertensive patients with type 2 diabetes at both the early and later stages of diabetic nephropathy has been demonstrated in two large, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multinational trials: the Irbesartan Microalbuminuria Type 2 Diabetes in Hypertensive Patients (IRMA 2) trial and the Irbesartan Diabetic Nephropathy Trial (IDNT). In addition to the angiotensin II antagonistic activity, irbesartan shows partial PPARγ agonistic activity and is highly distributed to the kidney, the heart and white adipose tissue. Indeed, ARBs which have partial PPARγ agonistic activity such as irbesartan and termisartan have been reported to improve insulin resistance and lipid profiles in diabetes mellitus patients as well as metabolic syndrome patients. Thus, a class of ARB which has partial PPARγ agonistic activity might be termed as “metabosartan”. Beneficial therapeutic efficacy of irbesartan in hypertensive patients might result from substantial dual AT1 receptor antagonist/ PPARγ agonist actions and relatively high concentration in end-target tissues. Here, we summarized the potential therapeutic values of irbesartan. Keywords: Angiotensin II, PPARγ, obesity, hypertension, metabolic syndrome
DroneAttention: Sparse Weighted Temporal Attention for Drone-Camera Based Activity Recognition (2022)

Human activity recognition (HAR) using drone-mounted cameras has attracted considerable interest from the computer vision research community in recent years. A robust and efficient HAR system has a pivotal role in fields like video surveillance, crowd behavior analysis, sports analysis, and human-computer interaction. What makes it challenging are the complex poses, understanding different viewpoints, and the environmental scenarios where the action is taking place. To address such complexities, in this paper, we propose a novel Sparse Weighted Temporal Attention (SWTA) module to utilize sparsely sampled video frames for obtaining global weighted temporal attention. The proposed SWTA is comprised of two parts. First, temporal segment network that sparsely samples a given set of frames. Second, weighted temporal attention, which incorporates a fusion of attention maps derived from optical flow, with raw RGB images. This is followed by a basenet network, which comprises a convolutional neural network (CNN) module along with fully connected layers that provide us with activity recognition. The SWTA network can be used as a plug-in module to the existing deep CNN architectures, for optimizing them to learn temporal information by eliminating the need for a separate temporal stream. It has been evaluated on three publicly available benchmark datasets, namely Okutama, MOD20, and Drone-Action. The proposed model has received an accuracy of 72.76%, 92.56%, and 78.86% on the respective datasets thereby surpassing the previous state-of-the-art performances by a margin of 25.26%, 18.56%, and 2.94%, respectively.
Efficacy of Specific Perfluorocarbons for Use in Partial Liquid Ventilation (2001)

Departments of Physiology and Pediatrics, Temple University School of Medicine, Temple University Hospital, Temple University Children’s Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA
Linear Channel Prediction-based Receiver for Split 7.2 Uplink Massive MIMO (2022)

Third generation partnership project (3GPP) defines different functional splits, including Split 7.3 and 7.2, for physical layer processing in a base station. Open radio access network (O-RAN) which is gaining popularity among various network vendors has adopted Split 7.2 architecture. In uplink massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems, conventional receivers for Split 7.2 incur some performance loss compared with Split 7.3 when user's mobility is relatively high. This is because in Split 7.2, the combining matrix is plagued by a channel aging problem. In this paper, we provide an overview of conventional receiver architecture for Split 7.2, and propose two new linear channel prediction (LCP) algorithms to overcome the channel aging problem associated with Split 7.2. Simulation results in a multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) setup with four users show that the proposed LCP methods can close the performance gap between Splits 7.2 and 7.3 at user mobility of 30 km/hr.
The phase noise of an oscillator employing a dual MEMS resonator temperature compensation scheme (2010)

The analysis of the phase noise generated in an oscillator employing a dual MEMS resonator compensation scheme is presented. The analysis and simulations show that when the difference between the temperature coefficients of frequency (TCf) of the two resonators is high, the total output phase noise of the system is reduced. It is also shown that when the two oscillators have different values of phase noise, an optimum choice of TCf can improve the total output phase noise significantly.
The Effect of Shark Cartilage Extracts on the Growth and Metastatic Spread of the SCCVII Carcinoma (1998)

This study was designed to investigate the potential of shark cartilage extracts to inhibit the growth and metastatic spread of a murine solid tumour. The SCCVII carcinoma, implanted in the right rear foot of C3H mice, was used. Following tumour implantation, two different commercially available extracts of shark cartilage (Sharkilage and MIA Shark Powder) were dissolved in water and orally administered to the mice at doses that ranged from 5 to 100 mg per mouse. These injections were repeated on a daily basis for up to 25 days post-implantation of the primary tumour. Compared to non-drug-treated animals, daily administration of the shark cartilage extracts did not show any adverse toxicity (as measured by changes in body weight and lethality). More importantly, none of the shark cartilage doses tested had any retarding effect on the growth of the primary tumour, nor did they inhibit the development of metastases seen in the lungs of the tumour-bearing mice at autopsy. In conclusion, our results offer no support for the proposed use of shark cartilage extracts as an anti-cancer therapy.
Diastereoselective Addition of Allylzinc Reagents to Sulfinimines (2008)

The diastereoselective addition of organometallic reagents to chiral sulfinimines is a well-known method for generating new stereocenters, and examples of addition of unsubstituted allylmagnesium reagents are abundant. In this work the authors report the efficient asymmetric addition of substituted racemic allylzinc reagents to Ellman’s imine (1). Formation of homoallylic amines bearing two new stereocenters in excellent yield and diastereoselectivity is described.
Lactobacillus acidophilus disrupts collaborative multispecies bile acid metabolism (2018)

ABSTRACT Bile acids are metabolic links between hosts and their gut microbiomes, yet little is known about the roles they play in microbe-to-microbe interactions. Here we present a study designed to investigate the effect that a common probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus , has on microbial interactions that lead to formation of secondary bile acids. A model microbial consortium was built from three human gut isolates, Clostridium scindens, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Blautia obeum , and cultured under different bile acid and probiotic treatments. A multi-omics platform that included mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and activity-based proteomic probes was used to produce two major results. The first, was that an uncommon secondary bile acid – ursocholate – was produced by a multi-species chemical synthesis pathway. This result highlights a new microbe-to-microbe interaction mediated by bile acids. The second finding was that the probiotic strain, L. acidophilus, quenched the observed interactions and effectively halted consortial synthesis of ursocholate. Little is known about the role that ursocholate plays in human health and development. However, we did discover that a decrease in ursocholate abundance corresponded with successful weight loss in patients after gastric bypass surgery versus those who did not lose weight after surgery. Hence, this study uncovered basic knowledge that may aid future designs of custom probiotic therapies to combat obesity.
Synthesis and Solution Structure of Palladium Tris(o-tolyl)phosphine Mono(amine) Complexes (1996)

The complex(es) resulting from a 1:4 mixture of Pd2(DBA)3 and P(o-tol)3 react with aryl bromides or aryl iodides p-XC6H4R (X = Br, I; R = Me, t-Bu, OMe) to generate the corresponding halide dimers {Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4R)(μ-X)}2 (X = Br, R = t-Bu (1), Me (2), OMe (3); X = I, R = t-Bu (4), Me (5), OMe (6)) in 46−76% yield. Iodide dimer 5 reacts with AgOTf in acetonitrile to form the cationic bis(acetonitrile) complex {Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4Me)(CH3CN)2]}+OTf- (8) which was treated in situ with LiCl to form the chloride dimer {Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4Me)(μ-Cl)}2 (9) in 93% yield. The p-tolyl halide dimers 2, 5, and 9 react with N-benzylmethylamine to generate the corresponding 1:1 palladium amine adducts Pd[P(o-tol)3](p-C6H4Me)[HN(Me)Bn]X (X = Cl (12), 85%; X = Br (13), 72%; X = I (14), 77%). Reaction of a mixture of Pd2(DBA)3 and P(o-tol)3 with the haloamines 2-IC6H4(CH2)2N(H)Bn, 2-BrC6H4CH2N(H)(p-tolyl), and 2-BrC6H4(CH2)3N(H)Bn gave the chelated palladium amine complexes Pd[P(o-tol)3](2-C6H4(CH2)2N(H)Bn]I (18, 71%), Pd[P(o-tol)3][2-C6H4CH2N(H)(p-tolyl)]Br (19, 77%), and Pd[P(o-tol)3](2-C6H4(CH2)3N(H)Bn]Br (21, 24%), respectively. Variable-temperature 1H and 31P NMR analysis of 12−14 and related complexes was consistent with hindered rotation about the P−C bonds, with predominant formation of the exo2-P(o-tol) conformer, and hindered rotation about the Pd−P bond with formation of three unequally populated rotamers.
Roles of the TRAF6 and Pellino E3 ligases in MyD88 and RANKL signaling (2017)

It is widely accepted that the essential role of TRAF6 in vivo is to generate the Lys63-linked ubiquitin (K63-Ub) chains needed to activate the "master" protein kinase TAK1. Here, we report that TRAF6 E3 ligase activity contributes to but is not essential for the IL-1-dependent formation of K63-Ub chains, TAK1 activation, or IL-8 production in human cells, because Pellino1 and Pellino2 generate the K63-Ub chains required for signaling in cells expressing E3 ligase-inactive TRAF6 mutants. The IL-1-induced formation of K63-Ub chains and ubiquitylation of IRAK1, IRAK4, and MyD88 was abolished in TRAF6/Pellino1/Pellino2 triple-knockout (KO) cells, but not in TRAF6 KO or Pellino1/2 double-KO cells. The reexpression of E3 ligase-inactive TRAF6 mutants partially restored IL-1 signaling in TRAF6 KO cells, but not in TRAF6/Pellino1/Pellino2 triple-KO cells. Pellino1-generated K63-Ub chains activated the TAK1 complex in vitro with similar efficiently to TRAF6-generated K63-Ub chains. The early phase of TLR signaling and the TLR-dependent secretion of IL-10 (controlled by IRAKs 1 and 2) was only reduced modestly in primary macrophages from knockin mice expressing the E3 ligase-inactive TRAF6[L74H] mutant, but the late-phase production of IL-6, IL-12, and TNFα (controlled only by the pseudokinase IRAK2) was abolished. RANKL-induced signaling in macrophages and the differentiation of bone marrow to osteoclasts was similar in TRAF6[L74H] and wild-type cells, explaining why the bone structure and teeth of the TRAF6[L74H] mice was normal, unlike TRAF6 KO mice. We identify two essential roles of TRAF6 that are independent of its E3 ligase activity.