gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near Neutral SCC Properties of Grade X80 Linepipe (2009)

Abstract The susceptibility to Stress Corrosion Cracking (SCC) of Grade X80 linepipe steels was investigated in near neutral pH conditions in comparison with a conventional Grade X65 linepipe. SCC properties were evaluated by cyclic loading tests, constant load tests and Slow Strain Rate Tests (SSRT) in simulated underground solutions with and without cathodic charging. In constant load tests, both X80 and X65 showed no remarkable degradation. In cyclic loading tests, SCC susceptibility of both grades depended upon the levels of applied stress and cathodic potential. In SSRT, the most severe evaluation, both grades showed ductility loss in solutions compared to an inert environment. It was concluded that Grade X80 revealed an identical resistance to near neutral SCC as Grade X65. The SCC mechanism was discussed based on the levels of applied stress or strain, and hydrogen ingress into the steels. This study was carried out through the activity in High Strength Line Pipe (HLP) Research Committee in the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan (ISIJ).
Novel Au/Pd@carbon macrocellular foams as electrodes for lithium–sulfur batteries (2014)

Pd and Au nanoparticle loaded carbonaceous foams have been synthesized to address the efficiency of Li–S battery electrodes for restituted cycling capacity.
An Experimental Study on the Kinetics of Fluidized Bed Iron Ore Reduction. (2000)

To optimize existing iron ore reduction processes or to develop new ones, it is necessary to know the reduction kinetics of the iron ore of interest under the relevant operating conditions. In this work the reduction kinetics of hematite fine iron ore was studied for industrial-scale processes using the fluidized bed technology. Especially designed batch tests were performed in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed reactor fluidized with H2, H2O, CO, CO2, N2 at atmospheric and elevated pressures to simulate the relevant process conditions. To obtain the reduction rates and the degree of reduction, the concentrations of H2O, CO, and CO2 in the outlet gas were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy. Preliminary reduction tests showed a strong effect of the sample weight on the reduction rates, especially in the early stages of reduction. The optimum sample weight was determined by partly replacing the hematite with silica sand. Additionally, the silica sand provided a constant and stable flow pattern throughout the reduction tests. The effects of temperature, gas composition, particle size and pressure on the rates of reduction were tested and discussed. Rate analysis showed the existence of two phases with different rates during the reduction tests. Additional investigations (microscope analysis, SEM) demonstrated that in the first phase the rates were controlled by mass transport in the gas phase and in the second phase by the reduction process within the small grains of the iron ore particles.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure 2,2‐Disubstituted 2‐Aminoethanols by Dissolving Metal Reduction of α,α‐Disubstituted Amino Acid Amides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Tetrahedral Oligo(phenylenevinylene) Molecule of Intermediate Dimensions: Effect of Molecular Shape on the Morphology and Electroluminescence of Organic Glasses (2001)

Tetrakis[(4-(4′-(2″,5″-dioctyloxy-4″-(4‴-(2′‴,5′‴-dioctyloxy-4′‴-styryl)styryl)styryl)styryl)styryl)phenyl]methane (T-6R-OC8H17) is an organic chromophore that consists of four optoelectronic fragments (“arms”) connected to a tetrahedral point of convergence (carbon). Bulk samples are amorphous as determined by powder diffraction, while differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is sometimes ambiguous. Film forming properties were studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and fluorescence microscopy as a function of casting solvent and heat treatment. The film forming qualities are useful for the fabrication of light-emitting diodes with low turn-on voltages. Device performance is also history dependent. The relationship between bulk morphology, film topology, photoluminescence (PL) properties, and light-emitting diode (LED) performance is discussed. A comparison of these compounds against the parent oligo(phenylenevinylene) arms, with respect to morphology, topology, and PL properties is also presented.
On-line cursive handwriting recognition using hidden Markov models and statistical grammars (1994)

The BYBLOS continuous speech recognition system is applied to on-line cursive handwriting recognition. By exploiting similarities between on-line cursive handwriting and continuous speech recognition, we can use the same base system adapted to handwriting feature vectors instead of speech. The use of hidden Markov models obviates the need for segmentation of the handwritten script sentences before recognition. To test our system, we collected handwritten sentences using text from the ARPA Airline Travel Information Service (ATIS) and the ARPA Wall Street Journal (WSJ) corpora. In an initial experiment on the ATIS data, a word error rate of 1.1% was achieved with a 3050-word lexicon, 52-character set, collected from one writer. In a subsequent writer-dependent test on the WSJ data, error rates ranging between 2%-5% were obtained with a 25,595-word lexicon, 86-character set, collected from six different writers. Details of the recognition system, the data collection process, and analysis of the experiments are presented.
Using variables aggregation methods to assess toxicant effects on fish populations in river networks (2000)

Risk assessment in ecotoxicology needs extrapolation from individual level (e.g. bioassays) to populations living in fragmented heterogeneous environments. Metapopulation modelling only offers few decision-helping tools up to now in water quality management. The high dimension of fragmented systems (patches number x age-classes number) gives rise in fact to mathematical analysis difficulties. Variables aggregation methods allow us to build an ecotoxicological population model for a river network. This one describes a brown trout population exposed to cadmium pollution. Age-structure, spatial distribution, demographic and migration processes are taken into account to estimate population response to different scenarios of pollutant discharge. For this purpose a multi-patch Leslie-matrix model is coupled with dose-response curves. Endpoints are then population dynamics features (such as asymptotic population growth rate, age-structure,S). The different pollution scenarios are thus compared in terms of subsequent reduction in population growth rate or so in terms of age-structure changes. / Nous avons développé un modèle écotoxicologique de l'effet du cadmium sur une population de truites dans un réseau de rivières. Ce modèle couple des résultats écotoxicologiques classiques (courbes dose-réponse) avec des techniques de type dynamique de population (classes d'âge_). L'originalité consiste en l'application d'une technique mathématique d'agrégation qui permet le changement d'échelle entre des effets mesurés au niveau de l'individu et des effets populationnels (taux asymptotique d'accroissement_). Compte tenu de la prise en compte de la dispersion spatialle des populations dans un réseau de rivières, ce type d'approche méta populationnelle est particulièrement prometteuse.
Biomarkers in Diagnostic Obstetric and Gynecologic Pathology: A Review (2003)

Until recently, the histologic diagnosis of obstetrical and gynecologic neoplasia was based principally on morphologic criteria. However, interobserver reproducibility for entities such as squamous intraepithelial, endometrial, and trophoblastic disease varies widely between observers. This inherent variability in interpretation between individuals has led to wide ranges in diagnostic precision between practices, and in many cases, between recognized experts. The advent of immunohistochemistry, and the more recent accelerated discovery of new genes and their functions has resulted in the discovery of cellular proteins or nucleic acids that are differentially expressed in tumors. When applied in conjunction with existing histologic criteria, these "biomarkers" have the potential to enhance diagnostic consistency and reproducibility. The gains expected are to practicing diagnostic pathologists (who will enjoy greater diagnostic consistency) and to academics (for whom biomarkers may uncover new pathways unappreciated by histologic diagnosis alone). However, fundamental to the success in both arenas will be critical analysis of the potential pitfalls in immunohistochemistry, strict validation of new markers as they arrive in the field, and a realistic view of their value in the laboratory management of obstetrical and gynecologic diseases.
Tenfold increase in the photostability of an azobenzene guest in vapor-deposited glass mixtures (2018)

Improvements to the photostability of organic glasses for use in electronic applications have generally relied on the modification of the chemical structure. We show here that the photostability of a guest molecule can also be significantly improved-without chemical modification-by using physical vapor deposition to pack molecules more densely. Photoisomerization of the substituted azobenzene, 4,4'-diphenyl azobenzene, was studied in a vapor-deposited glass matrix of celecoxib. We directly measure photoisomerization of <i>trans</i>- to <i>cis</i>-states via Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy and show that the rate of photoisomerization depends upon the substrate temperature used during co-deposition of the glass. Photostability correlates reasonably with the density of the glass, where the optimum glass is about tenfold more photostable than the liquid-cooled glass. Molecular simulations, which mimic photoisomerization, also demonstrate that photoreaction of a guest molecule can be suppressed in vapor-deposited glasses. From the simulations, we estimate that the region that is disrupted by a single photoisomerization event encompasses approximately 5 molecules.
Modern methods of drug discovery: An introduction (2003)

The pharmaceutical industry is continuing to attempt double-digit growth rates driven by high market capitalization. Standard responses to this challenge have only provided limited impact. Besides scaling-up businesses through mergers or selective acquisitions of platform technologies or drug candidates, an increase of Research and Development (R&D) productivity still represents a sure approach to address this challenge.
Evaluation of imatinib mesylate (IM) in patients with large volume gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) (2007)

10054 Background: GIST size is one of the most important prognostic markers for recurrence and poor survival. However, little information exists regarding the relationship between tumor volume and clinical outcome after treatment with IM. A phase II randomized clinical trial of two dose levels of IM (400 vs. 600 mg daily) in pts with incurable GIST was previously presented (Proc ASCO 2001; Combined GI Symp 2004 and 2007). With median follow-up of 64 months, we report additional analyses of the relationship between tumor volume and IM efficacy. Methods: Data on initial tumor bulk were prospectively collected, and 146 pts were separated into quartiles according to total tumor volume: &lt; 39.1 cm 2 (n=36), 39.1 = 102.16 cm 2 (n=37), 102.16 = 262.6 cm 2 (n=36), = 262.6 cm 2 (n=37). Tumor bulk was correlated with standard efficacy outcomes. Results: The overall response rate (CR + PR) for all pts was 68.1% (95% CI 59.8% - 75.5%). Median time-to-progression (TTP) was 24 months, and overall survival (OS) was 57 months. The overall response rates for the four quartiles according to tumor burden (lowest to highest) were: 64%, 70%, 75%, and 65% respectively. Median TTP by quartile was: 57, 25, 18, and 17 months. Median OS for these same groups: not reached, 57, 47, and 35 months. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of patients alive at 64 months based on tumor bulk were 62%, 40%, 44%, and 31% respectively. Disease bulk was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival using a Cox regression model including sex, performance status, IM dose, gender, age, prior chemotherapy, and tumor volume, but not when baseline hemoglobin was included. Conclusions: Pts with bulky GISTs progress sooner and die more quickly than those with lesser tumor volumes, though other factors may contribute as well. Even pts with the bulkiest tumors frequently respond to treatment with IM, however. TTP for this population approaches 1.5 yrs, and median survival for these pts approximates 3 yrs. One-third of pts with extraordinarily bulky GISTs are long-term survivors. The potential relationship between baseline hemoglobin and tumor bulk requires further investigation. [Table: see text]
The Function of Thymic Innate TCRαß+ CD8+ T Cells Is Regulated by Constitutive Expression of B7-H1 (2010)

Abstract Abstract 955 Innate T cells display features of Ag-experienced T cells (e.g., high levels of CD44) before any encounter with non-self antigens. They include NKT cells, CD8α/α T cells, as well as an undefined (and presumably very small) proportion of naïve CD4 and CD8 α/β T cells. We used the RAG2-GFP transgenic mouse model to differentiate naïve innate single-positive thymocytes (GFP+CD44high) from re-circulating effector/memory T cells (GFP-CD44high) T cells and naïve conventional (GFP+CD44low) thymocytes. We found that innate T cells represent about 10% of TCRαβ+ single-positive GFP+ thymocytes. To evaluate their proliferative ability under lymphopenic conditions, conventional and innate T cells were sorted and injected in TCRβKO mice. Four weeks later, expansion of conventional T cells was 2.3-fold greater than that of innate T cells. Comprehensive phenotypic analyses of GFP+CD8+CD44low vs GFP+CD8+CD44hi thymocytes revealed that B7-H1 was absent on conventional thymocytes but constitutively expressed on innate CD8+ thymocytes. Moreover, in vitro stimulation of innate T cells with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies induced a strong proliferation and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interferon (IFN)-gamma. The addition of anti-B7-H1 neutralizing antibody, however, inhibited proliferation and IFN-gamma production in a dose-dependent manner. To see whether B7-H1 ligation influenced the viability of CD8+ thymocytes, GFP+CD8+CD44low and GFP+CD8+CD44hi thymocytes were treated for 48 hrs with anti-B7-H1 antibody in vitro then stained for annexin-V and propidium iodine. Under these conditions, 70% of innate GFP+CD8+CD44hi T cells underwent apoptosis as opposed to 30% with conventional thymocytes. To test their bystander properties, we added conventional or innate T cells as third-party cells to an in vitro antigen stimulation assay. Briefly, B6 peritoneal macrophages pulsed with recombinant chicken ovalbumin (rOVA) presented OVA-derived peptides in the context of MHCI, and served as antigen-presenting cells (APCs). For responder cells, we added naive T cells from T cell receptor-transgenic OTI mice that recognize OVA. Interestingly, innate thymocytes were capable of promoting the activation of responding T cells; an effect that was lost upon treatment of innate CD8 T-cells with anti-B7-H1 neutralizing antibody. The sum of these data suggests a role for B7-H1 in the development, survival and proliferation of innate α/β T cells. Acknowledgments Moutih Rafei holds a Fellowship from the CIHR. Claude Perreault holds a Canada Research Chair in Immunobiology. This work was supported by grant # 42384 from the CIHR. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
V-Light: Leveraging Edge Computing For The Design of Mobile Augmented Reality Games (2023)

We explore the future of synchronous, multiplayer mobile AR gaming through our game V-Light, which extends current mobile AR game capacities using edge computing. Mobile AR games are currently limited by on-board processing power, while offloading operations to the cloud introduces high latency costs. This is a critical issue for games needing real-time response to player input. V-Light demonstrates how mobile AR games can leverage the power of edge computing, bringing computational resources closer to the user, keeping latency low and bandwidth high. We share our development toolkit, analyze the design and development of V-Light through the lens of an existing model for shared-world mobile AR, and demonstrate that edge computing can provide a “time machine” that lets game designers prototype mobile AR games for devices that do not yet exist.
Specificity of the BRISC Deubiquitinating Enzyme Is Not Due to Selective Binding to Lys63-linked Polyubiquitin (2009)

BRISC (Brcc36-containing isopeptidase complex) is a four-subunit deubiquitinating (DUB) enzyme that has a catalytic subunit, called Brcc36, that is a member of the JAMM/MPN(+) family of zinc metalloproteases. A notable feature of BRISC is its high specificity for cleaving Lys(63)-linked polyubiquitin. Here, we show that BRISC selectivity is not due to preferential binding to Lys(63)-linked polyubiquitin but is instead dictated by how the substrate isopeptide linkage is oriented within the enzyme active site. BRISC possesses a high affinity binding site for the ubiquitin hydrophobic surface patch that accounts for the bulk of the affinity between enzyme and substrate. Although BRISC can interact with either subunit of a diubiquitin conjugate, substrate cleavage occurs only when BRISC is bound to the hydrophobic patch of the distal (i.e. the "S1") ubiquitin at a ubiquitin-ubiquitin cleavage site. The importance of the Lys(63)-linked proximal (S1') ubiquitin was underscored by our finding that BRISC could not cleave the isopeptide bond joining a ubiquitin to a non-ubiquitin substrate. Finally, we also show that Abro1, another BRISC subunit, binds directly to Brcc36 and that the Brcc36-Abro1 heterodimer includes a minimal complex with Lys(63)-specific DUB activity.
An Optically Addressed Nanowire-Based Retinal Prosthesis With Wireless Stimulation Waveform Control and Charge Telemetering (2021)

Current retinal prostheses (RPs) have not achieved useful vision restoration, as their resolution is limited by power dissipation and complexity of interconnect. This article presents an inductively powered wireless system on a chip (SoC) for an electrically controlled, optically addressed retinal prosthetic system. The SoC interfaces to a co-fabricated nanoengineered photosensitive electrode array using only two wires. To reduce the thermal dissipation near sensitive retinal tissue, the proposed design pushes voltage regulation and charge-balanced stimulation control off the implant via a duty-cycled wireless charge metering technique. A calibration technique compensating for power fluctuation caused by eye movement is also presented. Implemented in 180-nm CMOS and delivering up to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3~\mu \text{C}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of charge at 20-nC resolution, the SoC achieves 73% RF-to-stimulation power efficiency.
Relation between Perioperative Hypertension and Intracranial Hemorrhage after Craniotomy (2000)

ICH after craniotomy is associated with severely prolonged hospital stay and mortality. Acute blood pressure elevations occur frequently prior to postcraniotomy ICH. Patients who develop postcraniotomy ICH are more likely to be hypertensive in the intraoperative and early postoperative periods.
Spectroscopically Enhancing Electrical Nanotraps (2008)

Electrical traps with Raman hot spots: On-wire-lithography (OWL) nanotraps electrically localize DNA in a nanometer-scale gap (see picture, red oligonucleotides with Raman dyes), which allows for the identification of the localized material by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy. With microfluidic delivery, sample volumes as small as 1 μL with target concentrations as low as 230 fM can be studied without secondary amplification. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z705312_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Conserved Intronic Cleavage and Polyadenylation Site of CstF-77 Gene Imparts Control of 3′ End Processing Activity through Feedback Autoregulation and by U1 snRNP (2013)

The human gene encoding the cleavage/polyadenylation (C/P) factor CstF-77 contains 21 exons. However, intron 3 (In3) accounts for nearly half of the gene region, and contains a C/P site (pA) with medium strength, leading to short mRNA isoforms with no apparent protein products. This intron contains a weak 5' splice site (5'SS), opposite to the general trend for large introns in the human genome. Importantly, the intron size and strengths of 5'SS and pA are all highly conserved across vertebrates, and perturbation of these parameters drastically alters intronic C/P. We found that the usage of In3 pA is responsive to the expression level of CstF-77 as well as several other C/P factors, indicating it attenuates the expression of CstF-77 via a negative feedback mechanism. Significantly, intronic C/P of CstF-77 pre-mRNA correlates with global 3'UTR length across cells and tissues. In addition, inhibition of U1 snRNP also leads to regulation of the usage of In3 pA, suggesting that the C/P activity in the cell can be cross-regulated by splicing, leading to coordination between these two processes. Importantly, perturbation of CstF-77 expression leads to widespread alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) and disturbance of cell proliferation and differentiation. Thus, the conserved intronic pA of the CstF-77 gene may function as a sensor for cellular C/P and splicing activities, controlling the homeostasis of CstF-77 and C/P activity and impacting cell proliferation and differentiation.