gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the compensation mechanism in high-resistivity 6H–SiC doped with vanadium (1995)

A model is presented which describes the compensation mechanism resulting in semi-insulating 6H silicon carbide by vanadium doping. Undoped 6H–SiC crystals grown by physical vapor transport methods frequently contain between 1×1017 and 5×1018 cm−3 uncompensated boron acceptors. Upon addition of vanadium, the 3d1 electron of the vanadium donor compensates the holes of the boron centers. It is shown that when vanadium is present in concentrations greater than that of boron, the Fermi level is pinned to the vanadium donor level. From temperature dependent Hall effect measurements, this donor level has been determined to reside 1.35 eV below the conduction band minimum. Thermally stimulated current measurements on V-doped SiC crystals show that boron is the major compensating center for the vanadium impurity.
Oxidation resistance of Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 Al 0.8 Sn 0.2 C 2 MAX phases: A comparison (2019)

Abstract Ti 3 AlC 2 and Ti 3 Al 0.8 Sn 0.2 C 2 MAX phase powders are densified using Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) technique to obtain dense bulk materials. Oxidation tests are then performed over the temperature range 800°C‐1000°C under synthetic air on the two different materials in order to compare their oxidation resistance. It is demonstrated that, in the case of the Ti 3 Al 0.8 Sn 0.2 C 2 solid solution, the oxide layers consist in TiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and SnO 2 . The presence of Sn atoms in the A planes of the solid solution leads to an easy diffusion of Sn out of the MAX phase which promote the formation of the nonprotective and fast growing SnO 2 oxide. Moreover, the small Al/Ti atom's ratio promotes the growth of a nonprotective rutile‐TiO 2 scale as well. In the case of the Ti 3 AlC 2 MAX phase, the oxide layer consists in a protective alumina scale; a few TiO 2 grains being observed on the top of the Al 2 O 3 layer. The parabolic oxidation rate constants are about 3 orders of magnitude smaller for Ti 3 AlC 2 compared to Ti 3 Al 0.8 Sn 0.2 C 2 .
LTR: Linear Cross-Platform Integration of Microarray Data (2010)

The size and scope of microarray experiments continue to increase. However, datasets generated on different platforms or at different centres contain biases. Improved techniques are needed to remove platform- and batch-specific biases. One experimental control is the replicate hybridization of a subset of samples at each site or on each platform to learn the relationship between the two platforms. To date, no algorithm exists to specifically use this type of control. LTR is a linear-modelling-based algorithm that learns the relationship between different microarray batches from replicate hybridizations. LTR was tested on a new benchmark dataset of 20 samples hybridized to different Affymetrix microarray platforms. Before LTR, the two platforms were significantly different; application of LTR removed this bias. LTR was tested with six separate data pre-processing algorithms, and its effectiveness was independent of the pre-processing algorithm. Sample-size experiments indicate that just three replicate hybridizations can significantly reduce bias. An R library implementing LTR is available.
Differential Prenyl Pyrophosphate Binding to Mammalian Protein Geranylgeranyltransferase-I and Protein Farnesyltransferase and Its Consequence on the Specificity of Protein Prenylation (1997)

Protein geranylgeranyltransferase-I (PGGT-I) and protein farnesyltransferase (PFT) attach geranylgeranyl and farnesyl groups, respectively, to the C termini of eukaryotic cell proteins. In vitro, PGGT-I and PFT can transfer both geranylgeranyl and farnesyl groups from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) to their protein or peptide prenyl acceptor substrates. In the present study it is shown that PGGT-I binds GGPP 330-fold tighter than FPP and that PFT binds FPP 15-fold tighter than GGPP. Therefore, in vivo, where both GGPP and FPP compete for the binding to prenyltransferases, PGGT-I and PFT will likely be bound predominantly to GGPP and FPP, respectively. Previous studies have shown that K-Ras4B and the Ras-related GTPase TC21 are substrates for both PGGT-I and PFT in vitro. It is shown that TC21 can compete with the C-terminal peptide of the gamma subunit of heterotrimeric G proteins and with the C-terminal peptide of lamin B for geranylgeranylation by PGGT-I and for farnesylation by PFT, respectively. K-Ras4B competes in both cases but is almost exclusively farnesylated by PFT in the presence of the lamin B peptide competitor. Rapid and single turnover kinetic studies indicate that the rate constant for the PGGT-I-catalyzed geranylgeranyl transfer step of the reaction cycle is 14-fold larger than the steady-state turnover number, which indicates that the rate of the overall reaction is limited by a step subsequent to prenyl transfer such as release of products from the enzyme. PGGT-I-catalyzed farnesylation is 37-fold slower than geranylgeranylation and is limited by the farnesyl transfer step. These results together with earlier studies provide a paradigm for the substrate specificity of PGGT-I and PFT and provide information that is critical for the design of prenyltransferase inhibitors as anti-cancer agents.
Fully Integrated Organic Field‐Effect Transistor Platform to Detect and to Quantify NO2 Gas (2020)

Herein, the gas sensing characteristics of PDVT‐10 organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) devices are explored and integrated to build a compact analog‐to‐digital converter (ADC) gas detection system. The electrical characteristics of the pristine PDVT‐10 OFET exhibit I on / I off ratio and threshold voltage as 10 4 and −12 V, respectively. Through the coating of a metal‐organic framework (MOF) on the surface of PDVT‐10, the I on / I off improves by one order of magnitude accompanied by significant positive threshold shift measured around 4 V. MOF is added as a pre‐concentrating material, and the device exhibits excellent selectivity and good sensitivity toward the target NO 2 gas. Most of the reports available in the literature generally focus on the gas sensing performance of individual sensors, which does not have the potential to solve real‐time sensing problems. Hence, for the first time, a fully integrated ADC system is designed with just two OFETs. The integrated ADC system not only detects the NO 2 gas with high sensitivity and selectivity but also generates a 5 bit digital output corresponding to different NO 2 gas concentrations from 25 ppb to 1 ppm.
Chromophoric Self-Assembled Superlattices (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChromophoric Self-Assembled SuperlatticesShlomo Yitzchaik and Tobin J. MarksView Author Information Department of Chemistry and the Materials Research Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208-3113 Cite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1996, 29, 4, 197–202Publication Date (Web):April 11, 1996Publication History Received17 August 1995Published online11 April 1996Published inissue 11 April 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar9501582https://doi.org/10.1021/ar9501582research-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views530Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Chromophores,Light,Nonlinear optics,Self organization,Thin films Get e-Alerts
Unintended Changes in Cognition, Mood, and Behavior Arising from Cell-Based Interventions for Neurological Conditions: Ethical Challenges (2009)

The prospect of using cell-based interventions (CBIs) to treat neurological conditions raises several important ethical and policy questions. In this target article, we focus on issues related to the unique constellation of traits that characterize CBIs targeted at the central nervous system. In particular, there is at least a theoretical prospect that these cells will alter the recipients' cognition, mood, and behavior-brain functions that are central to our concept of the self. The potential for such changes, although perhaps remote, is cause for concern and careful ethical analysis. Both to enable better informed consent in the future and as an end in itself, we argue that early human trials of CBIs for neurological conditions must monitor subjects for changes in cognition, mood, and behavior; further, we recommend concrete steps for that monitoring. Such steps will help better characterize the potential risks and benefits of CBIs as they are tested and potentially used for treatment.
Well‐Aligned Hierarchical Graphene‐Based Electrodes for Pseudocapacitors with Outstanding Low‐Temperature Stability (2019)

Abstract The relatively poor performance stability of pseudocapacitors over a wide temperature window (i. e. temperature stability), particularly at low temperatures, hinders their practical applications. Here, well‐aligned hierarchical pseudocapacitive electrodes are fabricated, featuring run‐through channels in a graphene network (GN) as ion‐buffering reservoirs, open inter‐sheet channels between vertical graphene nanosheets (VGNSs) for fast ion transport and MnO 2 nanopetals on VGNSs for efficient interfacial pseudocapacitive reactions. With reduced ion diffusion length and charge‐transfer resistance as well as improved ion‐transport rate, the capacitance of pseudocapacitive electrodes decreases from 541 to 490 F g −1 at 1 A g −1 as the temperature drops from 25 to 0 °C, revealing a high capacitance retention of 90.7 %. Furthermore, the specific capacitance of a symmetric device based on the hierarchical electrodes at −30 °C maintains 80.8 % of the room‐temperature capacitance. Such outstanding temperature stability is comparable to the state‐of‐the‐art electric double‐layer capacitors. Importantly, 86.0 % of capacitance is retained after repeated heating and cooling at temperatures ranging from −30 to 60 °C for 5000 cycles. Asymmetric supercapacitors with the hierarchical architecture in the positive electrode exhibit stable performance over a wide temperature range. These results demonstrate the rationality of the electrode design for practical energy storage applications in harsh temperature environments.
Weighing the factors behind enzymatic hydrolyzability of pretreated lignocellulose (2015)

Applying an elaborate set of pretreatments, the effects of lignocellulose properties on enzymatic hydrolyzability were arranged in the order of importance.
Probing Folded and Unfolded States of Outer Membrane Protein A with Steady-State and Time-Resolved Tryptophan Fluorescence (2006)

Steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence measurements on each of five native tryptophan residues in full-length and truncated variants of E. coli outer-membrane protein A (OmpA) have been made in folded and denatured states. Tryptophan singlet excited-state lifetimes are multiexponential and vary among the residues. In addition, substantial increases in excited-state lifetimes accompany OmpA folding, with longer lifetimes in micelles than in phospholipid bilayers. This finding suggests that the Trp environments of OmpA folded in micelles and phospholipid bilayers are different. Measurements of Trp fluorescence decay kinetics with full-length OmpA folded in brominated lipid vesicles reveal that W102 is the most distant fluorophore from the hydrocarbon core, while W7 is the closest. Steady-state and time-resolved polarized fluorescence measurements indicate reduced Trp mobility when OmpA is folded in a micelle, and even lower mobility when the protein is folded in a bilayer. The fluorescence properties of truncated OmpA, in which the soluble periplasmic domain is removed, only modestly differ from those of the full-length form, suggesting similar folded structures for the two forms under these conditions.
Definition of the Halogen BondSponsoring body: IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division: see more details on p. 1713. (2016)

This recommendation proposes a definition for the term “halogen bond”, which designates a specific subset of the inter- and intramolecular interactions involving a halogen atom in a molecular entity.
Hyperacuity thresholds of 1 sec: theoretical predictions and empirical validation (1985)

Bisection thresholds were measured as a function of the separation of the lines. For separations of less than 1.5 min, the addition of flanking lines facilitates bisection so that thresholds of less than 1 sec for discriminating the direction of offset could be reliably obtained. For larger separations an interval could be bisected to an accuracy of 1 part in 60. Experiments varying the length, luminance, and overlap of the lines suggest that different cues are used in these two regimes. A dual space-size analysis is presented that can account for these bisection thresholds over a wide range of experimental conditions. This quantitative analysis produces viewprints of the stimuli (analogous to the voiceprint of audition). Each viewprint shows the output of many spatial filters of different positions and sizes. A new filter shape is introduced that has advantages for modeling the visual system. The sensitivity of each filter is fixed by the contrast-response function. The analysis further shows that the limiting factors in spatial hyperacuity are both the contrast-response function and the spatial grain.
Demonstration of QoS-Aware Packet Protection via Cross-Layer OSNR Signaling (2010)

Quality-of-service aware packet protection is demonstrated using cross-layer signaling from a delay-line-interferometer-assisted optical-signal-to-noise-ratio monitor. 8×10 Gb/s wavelength-striped optical messages are successfully rerouted based on performance monitoring measurements communicated between the physical and networking layers.
Cementation of a dual‐mobility acetabular component into a well‐fixed metal shell during revision total hip arthroplasty: A biomechanical validation (2013)

Cementation of polyethylene (PE) liners into well-fixed metal shells has become a popular option during revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) particularly for older and frail patients. Although dramatic results were reported with dual-mobility acetabular components to manage hip instability during revision THA, no study evaluated the fixation strength of the cementation of dual-mobility components into well-fixed metal shells. Eight dual-mobility and eight all-PE components were cemented into a metal shell with a uniform 2- to 3-mm cement mantle. The cemented fixation strength was evaluated using lever-out and torsion testing. The interface at which failure occurred was determined. Lever-out testing showed that dual-mobility components failed at significantly higher maximum moment than the all-PE components. No direct comparison could be performed with torsion testing due to early failure of the all-PE component itself before failure of the cement fixation. However, the maximum moments measured were dramatically higher than the in vivo frictional moments classically reported in THA. In addition, failure was always observed at the metal shell/cement interface whenever it did occur. In conclusion, a dual-mobility acetabular component cemented into a well-fixed metal shell could constitute a biomechanically acceptable alternative to acetabular shell removal or PE liner cementation while simultaneously preventing instability of the THA revision. Clinical studies are warranted.
Nonlinear viscoelastic constitutive model for bovine liver tissue (2020)

Soft tissue mechanical characterisation is important in many areas of medical research. Examples span from surgery training, device design and testing, sudden injury and disease diagnosis. The liver is of particular interest, as it is the most commonly injured organ in frontal and side motor vehicle crashes, and also assessed for inflammation and fibrosis in chronic liver diseases. Hence, an extensive rheological characterisation of liver tissue would contribute to advancements in these areas, which are dependent upon underlying biomechanical models. The aim of this paper is to define a liver constitutive equation that is able to characterise the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour of liver tissue under a range of deformations and frequencies. The tissue response to large amplitude oscillatory shear (1-50%) under varying preloads (1-20%) and frequencies (0.5-2 Hz) is modelled using viscoelastic-adapted forms of the Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden and exponential models. These models are fit to the data using classical or modified objective norms. The results show that all three models are suitable for capturing the initial nonlinear regime, with the latter two being capable of capturing, simultaneously, the whole deformation range tested. The work presented here provides a comprehensive analysis across several material models and norms, leading to an identifiable constitutive equation that describes the nonlinear viscoelastic behaviour of the liver.
Deuterated TEKPol Biradicals and the Spin‐Diffusion Barrier in MAS DNP (2023)

The sensitivity of NMR spectroscopy is considerably enhanced by dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). In DNP polarization is transferred from unpaired electrons of a polarizing agent to nearby proton spins. In solids, this transfer is followed by the transport of hyperpolarization to the bulk via <sup>1</sup> H-<sup>1</sup> H spin diffusion. The efficiency of these steps is critical to obtain high sensitivity gains, but the pathways for polarization transfer in the region near the unpaired electron spins are unclear. Here we report a series of seven deuterated and one fluorinated TEKPol biradicals to probe the effect of deprotonation on MAS DNP at 9.4 T. The experimental results are interpreted with numerical simulations, and our findings support that strong hyperfine couplings to nearby protons determine high transfer rates across the spin diffusion barrier to achieve short build-up times and high enhancements. Specifically, <sup>1</sup> H DNP build-up times increase substantially with TEKPol isotopologues that have fewer hydrogen atoms in the phenyl rings, suggesting that these protons play a crucial role transferring the polarization to the bulk. Based on this new understanding, we have designed a new biradical, NaphPol, which yields significantly increased NMR sensitivity, making it the best performing DNP polarizing agent in organic solvents to date.
Analysis of Moving-Coil Actuator Jet Injectors for Viscous Fluids (2015)

By expanding upon previous jet injector models, this study has provided informative simulations of jet injector characteristics and performance. The model can be used to guide the design of future jet injectors for viscous fluids.
ACCESS RECIRCULATION (R) DOES NOT RESULT IN ERROR IN BLOOD Na MEASUREMENTS BY AN ON LINE CONDUCTIVITY CLEARANCE MONITOR (OLC) DURING DIALYSIS (2001)

Theory. OLC measures (1) effective conductivity (cn or Cn) dialysance (Decn) using step function changes in CdiNa and (2) blood Na using Decn and steady state (ss) dialysate outlet/inlet Cn, Cndo/Cndi. When R>0, Decn<Dcn (cn Dialysance) & blood inlet Na (Cbi) differs from systemic Na (Cs) in proportion to R. From ss Na mass balance, [1] Cbi•D =Cdi•D-Qd(1-Cdo/Cdi)] where all conc (C) & D terms can refer to either Cn or Na. When R>0, [2] Cbi•De =Cdi[D-Qd(1-Cdo/Cdi)] where Cbi' is the Cbi value calculated by OLC using De. The right hand sides of Eqs [1&2] are identical since they describe ss mass balance across the dialyzer & combined show [3] Cbi' = Cbi(D/De). By definition, with R>0, [4] Cs = Cbi(D/De). Combine Eqs [3&4] to show [5] Cbi' = Cs, ie, the Cbi' value calculated by OLC with R>0 equals Cs, not the actual Cbi. Methods. An invitro system was configured for single pass flow (Qb 400, Qd 800 ml/min) through an F80 dialyzer & 2008H-OLC delivery system (FMC-NA) from a 37°C, stirred reservoir with CsNa=110, 120,130,140,150 meq/L & R varied 0,25,50 & 75% for each Cs level with a separate pump. The Cbi'Na from OLC was compared to measured CsNa.(RA 1000, ion selective electrode, mCs) over ranges Cs 110–150 & R 0–75% with Cdi Na 140, HCO3 dialysate. Effective urea dialysance (Deu) was also measured with each Decn value. Results. The ratio of Cbi'/mCs = .99±2.3%, M°CV, n=22. Analysis of Cbi'/mCs as a function of 0≤R≤77% showed no relationship (r = -.16, n=22, p=ns). Decn correlated very closely with Deu (r=.99, n=21) over the Deu range 102 to 380 ml/min. Conclusions. As predicted by the mathematical analysis, invitro studies show that with access recirculation there is no error in blood Na calculated by conductivity based devices measuring conductivity dialysance. This counterintuitive relationship results because the reduced Na flux is directly proportional to the change in Decn.
A wave detection method for air-coupled ultrasound system on human abdominal region (2016)

This paper describes an air-coupled ultrasound system by using DIO-2000. The system is aimed to use for inner muscle evaluation in rehabilitation process. The system evaluates inner muscle with low constrain than conventional method which measured by using MR image, X-ray CT and contacted ultrasound system. Our air-coupled ultrasound system measures transmitted ultrasound wave with very low power through human abdominal region by employing a pulsar-receiver with high sensitive preamplifier, and wave detection method based on fuzzy inference finds transmitted wave from noisy wave. The fuzzy inference is derived from characteristics of transmitted wave. In the experiment, we evaluate the accuracies of wave detection method for human body.
Rechargeable non-aqueous sodium-air batteries (2023)

An electrochemical device includes an air cathode using air as the cathodic gas; a discharge product of sodium peroxide dihydrate; an anode comprising sodium metal; a porous fiber separator; and a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a sodium salt and a solvent.
Titanium Nitride Modified Photoluminescence from Single Semiconductor Nanoplatelets (2019)

Abstract Titanium nitride (TiN) is an alternative plasmonic material that has the potential for visible and near‐infrared optical applications due to its distinct properties. Here, coupling effects between TiN nanohole array films and nearby excitonic emitters, semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs), are investigated using single particle spectroscopy. At the emission wavelength of the NPLs, the local field enhancement close to the surface of the TiN nanohole array films induces an increase in the radiative decay rates of the emitters by a factor of up to 2. This effect diminishes quickly as the distance between the TiN nanohole array films and emitters increases. At short wavelengths where the NPLs are excited, the TiN nanohole array films exhibit lossy dielectric characteristics. Local field modification at these wavelengths leads to a reduced local density of electromagnetic states, and hence the photoluminescence intensity of the emitters. This study shows the potential of TiN as an alternative plasmonic material for optoelectronic and photonic applications, especially in the long wavelength ranges.