gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Can human stereopsis improve by making the eyes optically perfect? (2019)

Higher-order ocular aberrations (HOAs) limit visual acuity even when spherical and cylindrical errors are well corrected. We investigated how such aberrations affect stereoacuity. Four stereo-normal adults were tested psychophysically in a binocular adaptive-optics vision simulator. With this simulator, we can correct sphero-cylindrical and higher-order aberrations in real time. High-contrast visual acuity was measured with the “Tumbling E” method. Stereoacuity was measured with random-dot stereograms that portray sinusoidal depth corrugations (1, 2, or 3cpd). On average participants had 0.27±0.15μm RMS wavefront error for higher-order aberrations (HOAs). Full correction decreased this error to < 0.05μm, and significantly improved visual acuity in all participants (p< 0.01). The improvement in visual acuity was particularly large for a participant with large HOAs (0.54 RMS error; 0.218 vs 0.142±0.07logMAR). Stereo thresholds increased significantly and had greater variation between participants with increasing corrugation frequency (p< 0.01), but were significantly lower after HOA correction (27.30±17.16arcsec vs. 45.86±33.26; p=0.05). There were larger improvements at high frequencies that tended towards significance (1cpd: 1.8-, 2cpd: 2.5- and 2.3-fold improvement; p>0.1, p=0.1, p=0.07 respectively). There was no significant correlation between stereoacuity and the amount of correction for HOAs. Correcting higher-order aberrations produces consistent improvement in visual acuity, but stereo acuity was not correlated with HOAs. The lack of correlation suggests factors beyond optics that further limit performance to ceiling after correction. We suggest neural factors play a role, at least in part, with the smaller improvement on stereopsis at low frequencies being attributable to reliance on relatively large receptive fields required for computing binocular disparity.
CD40 Engagement Prevents Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor γ Agonist-Induced Apoptosis of B Lymphocytes and B Lymphoma Cells by an NF-κB-Dependent Mechanism (2005)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a transcription factor important in fat metabolism and is emerging as an important regulator of immunity and inflammation. We previously demonstrated that normal and malignant B lineage cells express PPARgamma and die by apoptosis after PPARgamma agonist exposure. In this study, we used the WEHI-231 mouse B lymphoma and normal mouse spleen B lymphocytes to elucidate the mechanism of PPARgamma agonist-induced apoptosis, and to determine whether an apoptosis rescue mechanism exists. In WEHI-231 cells, the natural PPARgamma agonist 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) and the synthetic PPARgamma agonist ciglitazone induced activation of caspase 3 and caspase 9, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential, and caused cleavage of the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. We next tested whether CD40, whose engagement delivers a potent prosurvival signal for B cells, could protect B cells from PPARgamma agonist-induced apoptosis. CD40 engagement with CD40L significantly blunted the ability of PPARgamma agonists to induce apoptosis of B lymphocytes and prevented the inhibition of NF-kappaB mobilization by 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) and ciglitazone. Interestingly, PPARgamma agonists induced an increase in IkappaBalpha and IkappaBbeta protein levels, which was prevented with CD40 engagement. The rescue mechanism induced by CD40 engagement was dependent on NF-kappaB, as an NF-kappaB inhibitor prevented rescue. Apoptosis induction by PPARgamma ligands may be important for immune regulation by killing B lymphocytes as a rapid means to dampen inflammation. Moreover, the ability of PPARgamma agonists to kill malignant B lineage cells has implications for their use as anti-B lymphoma agents.
Supplementary Data from A Phase II Study of Tumor-infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Human Papillomavirus–associated Epithelial Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Text for data supplement&lt;/p&gt;
Ease of DNA unwinding is a conserved property of yeast replication origins (1993)

Autonomously replicating sequence (ARS) elements function as plasmid replication origins. Our studies of the H4 ARS and ARS307 have established the requirement for a DNA unwinding element (DUE), a broad easily-unwound sequence 3' to the essential consensus that likely facilitates opening of the origin. In this report, we examine the intrinsic ease of unwinding a variety of ARS elements using (1) a single-strand-specific nuclease to probe for DNA unwinding in a negatively-supercoiled plasmid, and (2) a computer program that calculates DNA helical stability from the nucleotide sequence. ARS elements that are associated with replication origins on chromosome III are nuclease hypersensitive, and the helical stability minima correctly predict the location and hierarchy of the hypersensitive sites. All well-studied ARS elements in which the essential consensus sequence has been identified by mutational analysis contain a 100-bp region of low helical stability immediately 3' to the consensus, as do ARS elements created by mutation within the prokaryotic M13 vector. The level of helical stability is, in all cases, below that of ARS307 derivatives inactivated by mutations in the DUE. Our findings indicate that the ease of DNA unwinding at the broad region directly 3' to the ARS consensus is a conserved property of yeast replication origins.
A Rock and Fluid Study of Middle Bakken Formation: Key to Enhanced Oil Recovery (2014)

Abstract The discovery of significant reserves in the Middle Bakken of the Elm Coulee Field in 2000 changed the development of Bakken Formation in the Williston Basin. In 2006 the Elm Coulee success led to the exploration of other fields in the Williston Basin, such as Parshall and Sanish fields in North Dakota. Thousands of Middle Bakken wells have been drilled and produced in the primary production mode, yet there is likely significant potential for enhanced oil recovery, which prompted this multi-facetted research study. First, the physical properties of the reservoir brine, oil, and gas of fluid samples from different Middle Bakken geographic locations are presented to emphasize significant physical property differences across North Dakota. This information is essential to understand the impact of fluid properties on primary production and potential for oil recovery at different locations. Second, we identified reservoir connectivity by combining petrographic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and permeability measurements. The permeability measurements included core-based steady-state permeability and unsteady-state water-oil relative permeability. The selected cores were characterized using X-ray diffraction mineralogy, thin section petrology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to correlate flow capacity to the petrophysical properties. The conclusion is that interconnected microfractures make current production possible in successful wells. Finally, the high salinity formation water compared to the low salinity of fracturing and IOR fluids was investigated by performing spontaneous imbibition using both low and high salinity brines. It was concluded that in the oil-wet environment of the Bakken, the low salinity injection fluids can enter part of the reservoir because of osmotic pressure while high salinity makes the clay surface extremely hydrophobic and causes local oil-wetness.
Novel Enhanced-Planar IGBT Technology Rated up to 6.5kV for Lower Losses and Higher SOA Capability (2006)

In this paper, we introduce an IGBT planar technology, which sets a new performance benchmark in terms of losses and SOA capability. The improved trade-off relationship between on-state losses V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ce(sat) </sub> and turn-off losses E <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> (i.e. technology curve) was solely realized by means of planar cell enhancement. Simultaneously, high levels of turn-off ruggedness (RBSOA) were obtained with the new cell design. The enhanced-planar IGBT technology is implemented on the soft-punch-through (SPT) buffer concept for ensuring controllable and soft switching behaviour. The paper covers design details of the enhanced-planar technology and a full set of results for the 6500V EP-IGBT chip
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel, Potent and Bioavailable Proline‐Urea Based Macrocyclic HCV NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Electrical imaging of solute transport dynamics to understand nutrient transport from flat agricultural landscapes (2023)

Electrical and electromagnetic geophysical techniques are increasingly used to capture the dynamics of solute transport in the shallow subsurface. Three-dimensional electrical imaging techniques were used to investigate solute transport, including possible activation of preferential flow paths, at an artificially-drained site located on a flat agricultural landscape where excess nutrients discharge into drainage ditches. A saline tracer was injected into the saturated zone at a rate previously determined to limit groundwater mounding. Subsequently, a sprinkler system was used to simulate a 25-year, 12-hour storm event (~120 mm). A fan array of 96 electrodes, designed based on solute transport simulations, was used to acquire 3D electrical imaging monitoring datasets during tracer injection and over the subsequent simulated storm event. The time lapse electrical geophysical datasets suggest the tracer transport was through storm-activated preferential pathways in the subsurface. Calibration of hydrological models using the electrical geophysical datasets as proxies of changes in solute concentration provides unique insights into the role of preferential flow in providing groundwater-sourced nutrient inputs to drainage ditches from agricultural fields.
Palladium-Catalyzed Internal Nucleophile-Assisted Hydration–Olefin Insertion Cascade: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones (2016)

A novel palladium-catalyzed hydration-olefin insertion cascade assisted by internal nucleophiles was developed for the synthesis of biologically significant 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones under mild conditions. A detailed mechanistic study revealed that the assistance of the internal nucleophiles is crucial to trigger the cascade reaction via nucleopalladation of the alkyne moiety. The overall reaction is equivalent to regioselective hydration of alkynes followed by intramolecular Michael addition. This highly efficient and 100% atom-economical domino sequence afforded cis-2,3-disubstituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ones in excellent yields (up to 99%) with complete diastereoselectivity.
Active Ratio Test (ART) as a Novel Diagnostic for Ovarian Cancer (2021)

Our data demonstrate that ART provides a useful method to accurately discriminate between patients with benign versus malignant EOC, and highlights their relevance to ovarian cancer diagnosis. This marker combination may also be applicable in broader screening applications, to identify or discriminate benign from malignant disease in asymptomatic women.
Trajectory of a Multi-segment Wheeled Vehicle* (1996)

ABSTRACT In this paper, the movement of a vehicle that consists of many moving segments supported on wheels is investigated. The objective of the study is to develop algorithms for path following of the vehicle, where paths are described analytically by curves in Cartesian space. Simultaneously, a reference point on the end-effector of the vehicle is made to follow another given path. It is assumed that the wheels maintain pure rolling contact with the path during motion. The joint variables of the segments of the vehicle are limited in range of motion. Two algorithms are developed in this paper, based respectively on position kinematics and rate kinematics of the system. An interesting aspect of these algorithms is the selection of wheel velocities so that the joints of the vehicle do not exceed their respective limits. The algorithms are implemented in simulation for vehicles consisting of an arbitrary number of segments. These algorithms are designed for three-dimensional paths, as well as for paths in horizontal and vertical planes. Based on this theoretical model, a four-segment robotic vehicle is currently being built to verify the motion planning algorithms experimentally.
Endoscopic Full-Thickness Plication for the Treatment of GERD: Five Year Multi-Center Results (2007)

Purpose: We previously reported the Plicator (NDO Surgical, Inc., Mansfield, MA) procedure, which is an endoscopic procedure that delivers a full-thickness plication, to be effective at reducing GERD symptoms and medication use for up to 3-years post-plication with no long-term procedural adverse events. The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term safety and treatment durability of the Plicator up to 5-years post-plication. Methods: Subjects with chronic heartburn who had originally participated in the open-label study and received a single plication in the gastric cardia approximately 1 cm below the gastroesophageal junction were eligible. Subjects were evaluated at baseline for GERD symptoms and medication use. Long-term subject follow-up was completed to evaluate safety and long-term treatment durability. Results: Twenty-eight subjects completed the long-term follow-up (mean follow-up interval: 5 years (58 months), range: 50–65 months). All procedure-related adverse events occurred acutely, as previously reported, and no new adverse events were observed during extended follow-up. At 5-years post-procedure, 62% of baseline PPI-dependent patients remained off daily PPI therapy. Treatment effect remained stable from the 3 to 5-year follow-up interval, with 16/28 patients off daily PPI at 3-years compared to 15/24 patients at 5-years. Median GERD-HRQL scores remained significantly improved at 5-years versus baseline off-meds scores (10 vs. 19, P < 0.001). In addition, the proportion of patients achieving ≥ 50% improvement in GERD-HRQL score was consistent from 3-years (55%) to 5-years (50%). Conclusion: Endoscopic full-thickness plication can effectively reduce GERD symptoms and medication use for at least 5-years post-procedure. Treatment effect is stable for 5-years and there are no long-term procedural adverse effects.
Preparation of Active Hydrated Alumina by Mechanical Activation and its Application to Rapid Cement Hardener. (2001)

Milling of gibbsite by an agitation ball mill brought about mechanochemical dehydration and amorphization. A remarkable increase in hydration reactivity with Ca(OH)2 is demonstrated by using a conduction calorimeter. An integral heat of hydration from mechanically activated gibbsite is about 300 times larger than that from the intact gibbsite. We found high correlation between the integral heat of hydration and the 3h compressive strength of conventional Portland cement paste containing milled gibbsite with or without Ca(OH)2. Acquired high activity of milled gibbsite was sustained for at least 2 months under 50%RH. These properties warrant applicability of mechanically activated gibbsite to rapid hardening agents for Portland cement.
Fabrication of a Nano‐Si 3 N 4 /Nano‐C Composite by High‐Energy Ball Milling and Spark Plasma Sintering (2007)

A nano‐Si 3 N 4 /5 wt% nano‐C composite was successfully fabricated for the first time via high‐energy ball milling, followed by spark plasma sintering. The milling promoted the amorphization of the starting powders; most of the carbon particles were transformed into nano‐size and embedded in the amorphous phase. This, combined with a low sintering temperature and a rapid densification rate, prevented the reactions between carbon and the other starting powders, leading to a uniform nano/nano‐composite microstructure. Nano‐sized carbon grains with an average diameter of about 10 nm were homogeneously dispersed in nano‐sized (about 70 nm) Si 3 N 4 grain boundaries. The hardness of the obtained nano‐ceramics is comparable with that of conventional Si 3 N 4 , whereas Young's modulus is significantly decreased.
Medical Treatment in Cushing’s Syndrome: Dopamine Agonists and Cabergoline (2010)

Dopamine (DA) is a catecholamine with a wide range of functions and whose five subtype receptors are found in different organs where they exert a mainly inhibitory action. Since this action may also appear in a number of secretory tumors in various locations, DA agonists have elicited some interest as a medical treatment for hypercorticism. Non-iatrogenic Cushing’s syndromes are due in 70% of the cases to a pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-producing adenoma, and, less frequently, to an adrenal adenoma or an ectopic ACTH secretion by a neuroendocrine tumor. First-line treatment in Cushing’s syndrome consists of the surgical removal of the secreting tumor. However, surgery may not achieve a complete cure in a number of cases, hence emphasizing the potential benefit of a medical complementary treatment, which could also benefit patients as an alternative approach, either when waiting for, or when the patient is not eligible for surgery. Studies of corticotropic adenomas have shown that 80% of these tumors express D2 receptors. Clinical trials of DA agonists in Cushing’s disease have shown an inhibitory effect of these drugs with an inhibition of ACTH secretion and/or a decrease of tumor size. There are only a few cases of documented use of DA agonists in ectopic ACTH secretion, but when the tumor expresses DA receptors, DA agonists may represent a useful complementary treatment. DA receptors are also expressed in normal and tumoral adrenals, suggesting a potential use of DA agonists in Cushing’s syndrome secondary to adrenal tumors. However, clinical data regarding this specific situation are very scarce, maybe due to the relatively high rate of surgical cure of adrenal adenomas. In conclusion, DA agonists represent a potential preparatory or complementary treatment for endogenous Cushing’s syndrome, especially in Cushing’s disease. These compounds may be underused as suggested by the scarce number of publication and case reports in the literature. In the future, association of these drugs with somatostatin analogs may also prove beneficial.
A patient withKallmann syndrome (2015)

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A first-in-human study of the dual ROCK I/II inhibitor, AT13148, in patients with advanced cancers. (2015)

2566 Background: AT13148 is a first-in-class, orally bioavailable, dual ROCK I/II inhibitor, which potently inhibits ROCK I/II (6, 4 nM), PKA (3 nM), AKT (38 nM) and p70S6K (8 nM). Broad anti-cancer activity has been demonstrated in a number of pre-clinical models. Methods: Patients (pts) with advanced solid tumors were enrolled into successive dose escalation cohorts of a minimum of three and maximum of six patients. AT13148 was dosed orally on days (D) 1, 3 and 5 of every week. Pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters were assessed and pre- and post-tumor biopsies, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hair follicles were analysed to evaluate target inhibition of AKT (p-AKT, p-S6K and p-GSK3B) and PKA (p-VASP). Results: 30 pts (16 male, 14 female) were treated with AT13148. Dose escalation started at 5 mg with doubling through 6 cohorts (10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg). Following the appearance of grade 2/3 toxicities in pts dosed at 160 mg (hypotension, headache and diarrhea), further dose doubling was not considered and the dose was increased by 50% to 240 mg. Thus far, at this dose there was one DLT of elevated liver enzymes which was reversible on treatment withdrawal. The cohort is currently being expanded to 6 pts. The most common drug-related toxicities in the study so far have been nausea, anorexia, headache and hypotension. PK analysis showed a dose proportional increase in AUC (382-13382 nM.h) and Cmax (21-450 nM) up to 160 mg (r2 = 0.98) on the first dose. Preliminary PD analyses in PRP have shown a ≥ 88% increase in p-AKT from baseline at cycle 1 D 15-22 (p ≤ 0.01) in the 160 mg cohort, a 17-21% decrease in pGSK3B from baseline at 6 h and 48 h post-dose (p ≤ 0.03) in the 160 mg cohort, and a 45% decrease in p-VASP from baseline at 48 h post-dose (p = 0.004) in the 80 mg cohort. Conclusions: AT13148 was administered orally on D 1, 3 and 5/week in an intermittent schedule and has currently reached a dose of 240 mg. At this dose there have been predictable tolerable ‘on target’ toxicities and dose escalation is ongoing. Clinical trial information: NCT01585701. Clinical trial information: NCT01585701.
SemEval-2020 Task 7: Assessing Humor in Edited News Headlines (2020)

This is the task dataset for SemEval-2020 Task 7: Assessing Humor in Edited News Headlines. The task’s dataset contains news headlines in which short edits were applied to make them funny, and the funniness of these edited headlines was rated using crowdsourcing. This task includes two subtasks, the first of which is to estimate the funniness of headlines on a humor scale in the interval 0-3. The second subtask is to predict, for a pair of edited versions of the same original headline, which is the funnier version. CodaLab page hosting the competition:<br> https://competitions.codalab.org/competitions/20970 Starter Github code (scripts for running baseline and evaluation):<br> https://github.com/n-hossain/semeval-2020-task-7-humicroedit Task mailing list:<br> https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/semeval-2020-task-7-all<br> ---------------------------------------------------------------------- ZIP contents:<br> ------------- Folders:<br> - subtask-1: Dataset for the funniness regression subtask.<br> - subtask-2: Dataset for the "Funnier of the Two" classification subtask. Files:<br> - {train, dev, test}.csv: the task's dataset including labels<br> - train_funlines.csv: additional training data gathered from the FunLines competition (https://funlines.co)<br> - baseline.zip: contains csv file which is the output of the BASELINE system. This is a template of the output format that can be submitted to CodaLab for scoring. <strong>Reference</strong> Please cite the task paper when using this dataset: Nabil Hossain, John Krumm, Michael Gamon and Henry Kautz. 2020. Semeval-2020 Task 7: Assessing Humor in Edited News Headlines. In Proceedings of International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation (SemEval-2020). <pre><code>BIBTEX: @InProceedings{hossainSemEval2020Task7, author = {Hossain, Nabil and Krumm, John and Gamon, Michael and Kautz,Henry}, title = {SemEval-2020 {T}ask 7: {A}ssessing Humor in Edited News Headlines}, booktitle = {Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation ({S}em{E}val-2020)}, address = {Barcelona, Spain}, year = {2020}}</code></pre>