gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Short communication: Identification of subclinical cow mastitis pathogens in milk by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (2010)

Subclinical mastitis is a common and easily disseminated disease in dairy herds. Its routine diagnosis via bacterial culture and biochemical identification is a difficult and time-consuming process. In this work, we show that matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) allows bacterial identification with high confidence and speed (1 d for bacterial growth and analysis). With the use of MALDI-TOF MS, 33 bacterial culture isolates from milk of different dairy cows from several farms were analyzed, and the results were compared with those obtained by classical biochemical methods. This proof-of-concept case demonstrates the reliability of MALDI-TOF MS bacterial identification, and its increased selectivity as illustrated by the additional identification of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus species and mixed bacterial cultures. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization mass spectrometry considerably accelerates the diagnosis of mastitis pathogens, especially in cases of subclinical mastitis. More immediate and efficient animal management strategies for mastitis and milk quality control in the dairy industry can therefore be applied.
Building devices from colloidal quantum dots (2016)

The continued growth of mobile and interactive computing requires devices manufactured with low-cost processes, compatible with large-area and flexible form factors, and with additional functionality. We review recent advances in the design of electronic and optoelectronic devices that use colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs). The properties of materials assembled of QDs may be tailored not only by the atomic composition but also by the size, shape, and surface functionalization of the individual QDs and by the communication among these QDs. The chemical and physical properties of QD surfaces and the interfaces in QD devices are of particular importance, and these enable the solution-based fabrication of low-cost, large-area, flexible, and functional devices. We discuss challenges that must be addressed in the move to solution-processed functional optoelectronic nanomaterials.
Exergy Analysis of Data Center Thermal Management Systems (2008)

The modeling of recirculation patterns in air-cooled data centers is of interest to ensure adequate thermal management of computer racks at increased heat densities. Most metrics that describe recirculation are based exclusively on temperature inside the data center, and therefore fail to provide adequate information regarding the energy efficiency of the thermal infrastructure. This paper addresses this limitation through an exergy analysis of the data center thermal management system. The approach recognizes that the mixing of hot and cold streams in the data center airspace is an irreversible process and must therefore lead to a loss of exergy. Experimental validation in a test data center confirms that such an exergy-based characterization in the cold aisle reflects the same recirculation trends as suggested by traditional temperature-based metrics. Further, by extending the exergy-based model to include irreversibilities from other components of the thermal architecture, it becomes possible to quantify the amount of available energy supplied to the cooling system that is being utilized for thermal management purposes. The energy efficiency of the entire data center cooling system can then be collapsed into the single metric of net exergy loss. When evaluated against a ground state of the external ambience, this metric enables an estimate of how much of the energy emitted into the environment could potentially be harnessed in the form of useful work. Thus, this paper successfully demonstrates that the proposed exergy-based approach can provide a foundation upon which the data center cooling system can be simultaneously evaluated for thermal manageability and energy efficiency.
Frequency Domain Blind Equalization for MIMO Systems (2006)

This paper presents a new normalized frequency domain approach for adaptive blind equalization for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems. We first develop a time domain block based algorithm that updates the equalizer coefficients once per block of data symbols. As the time domain algorithm involves infinite summations in the separation cost function, an approximation is then proposed to reduce the cost function to finite summations. As a consequence, the block based time domain algorithm can be implemented in the frequency domain to reduce the computational complexity associated with the conventional symbol-by-symbol time domain update. Furthermore, by recognizing that the signals in the frequency domain are orthogonal, it is possible to significantly improve the convergence rate by normalizing the update equations with respect to the signal power in each frequency bin. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can successfully equalize the received signals while maintaining low computational complexity. Moreover, the presented normalized frequency domain blind equalization algorithm for MIMO systems significantly improves the convergence rate.
The carboxyl-terminal domain of the human pregnancy-specific glycoprotein specifies intracellular retention and stability. (1993)

The pregnancy-specific glycoproteins (PSGs), which are members of the immunoglobulin superfamily, are the major pregnancy-associated proteins synthesized by the human placenta. Thirty or more PSG members have been identified which are encoded by at least 11 linked genes. The PSG proteins share 85-95% sequence homology in the coding region, but show variability at the carboxyl-terminal (COOH) domains. In the present study, we examined the effects of PSG COOH domains on protein secretion and stability. Using PSGs containing short (11-12 residues) hydrophilic (PSG1e, PSG11s, and PSG16a), short (22 residues) hydrophobic (PSG6r), and long (81 residues) hydrophobic (PSG11w) COOH domains, we showed that most PSG members were secretory proteins except PSG11w which was largely retained in cells. When the PSG11w COOH domain was replaced with a short COOH domain of PSG1e, the resulting PSG-N11w/C1e chimera became secreted into the medium. On the other hand, chimeras that harbored the PSG11w COOH domain, PSG-N1e/C11w and PSG-N16a/C11w, remained in cells, demonstrating that the COOH domain of PSG11w confers intracellular retention. Deletion analysis showed that mutant (PSG11w-C2) that contained the first 21 amino acids of PSG11w COOH domain or mutant (PSG11w-C3) that contained a deletion of hydrophobic residues 372-392 in the PSG11w COOH domain remained largely in cells. In contrast, the PSG11w-C1 mutant which contained the first 12 residues of the PSG11w COOH domain became a secretory protein. Studies of PSG synthesis and processing in the presence of Brefeldin A, a drug that impedes protein transport from endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi system, showed that PSG11w resided and degraded in the endoplasmic reticulum. The endoplasmic reticulum localization of PSG11w and the cell-associated mutant PSGs was further demonstrated by their sensitivity to endoglycosidase H and indirect immunofluorescence analysis.
Self-rolling of vanadium dioxide nanomembranes for enhanced multi-level solar modulation (2022)

Thermochromic window develops as a competitive solution for carbon emissions due to comprehensive advantages of its passivity and effective utilization of energy. How to further enhance the solar modulation ([Formula: see text]) of thermochromic windows while ensuring high luminous transmittance ([Formula: see text]) becomes the latest challenge to touch the limit of energy efficiency. Here, we show a smart window combining mechanochromism with thermochromism by self-rolling of vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) nanomembranes to enhance multi-level solar modulation. The mechanochromism is introduced by the temperature-controlled regulation of curvature of rolled-up smart window, which benefits from effective strain adjustment in VO<sub>2</sub> nanomembranes upon the phase transition. Under geometry design and optimization, the rolled-up smart window with high [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is achieved for the modulation of indoor temperature self-adapted to seasons and climate. Furthermore, such rolled-up smart window enables high infrared reflectance after triggered phase transition and acts as a smart lens protective cover for strong radiation. This work supports the feasibility of self-rolling technology in smart windows and lens protection, which promises broad interest and practical applications of self-adapting devices and systems for smart building, intelligent sensors and actuators with the perspective of energy efficiency.
CoS2 as a Sulfur Redox-Active Cathode Material for High-Capacity Nonaqueous Zn Batteries (2019)

Nonaqueous Zn-ion batteries are a promising candidate for a high-energy storage system to replace Li-ion batteries. Here, we report on CoS2 as a cathode material for Zn-ion batteries using nonaqueous electrolytes, one exhibiting a maximum capacity of 283 mAh/g. Compositional, valence state, and structural studies reveal Zn2+ de/intercalation mediated by reversible interconversions between 2S2– (sulfide) and S22– (disulfide) forms of sulfur, which is the first such known case operating in a multivalent system. Our findings suggest that anionic redox-active cathode materials offer considerable promise in realizing high capacities in multivalent batteries.
Eigenanalysis-based broadband source localization (2010)

The localization process consists in finding the candidate source location that maximizes the synchrony between the properly time-shifted microphone outputs. In addition to using well-known crosscorrelation-based criteria such as the steered response power (SRP), minimum variance (MV), and multichannel crosscorrelation (MCCC), this synchrony can be measured using the averaged magnitude difference function (AMDF) and the averaged magnitude sum function (AMSF) whose calculations involve low computational cost. In this paper, we study the crosscorrelation and AMDF (with AMSF) based approaches using an arbitrary number of microphones. Specifically, we use the eigenanalysis of the parameterized spatial correlation matrix (PSCM) to first provide a unifying study of the most popular crosscorrelation-based techniques. Then, we show the efficiency of the AMDF and AMSF in localizing an acoustic source using multiple microphones by proposing two new parameterized matrices named as the parameterized averaged magnitude difference matrix (PAMDM) and the parameterized averaged magnitude sum matrix (PAMSM). The eigenanalysis of these two matrices reveals new criteria.
Endothelins Stimulate c‐fos and Nerve Growth Factor Expression in Astrocytes and Astrocytoma (1993)

Endothelin receptors have been identified on astrocytes and astrocytoma, but their physiological significance has remained elusive. It is shown here that endothelins induce c-fos in primary cultures of mouse embryo astrocytes, as well as in two subclones of rat astrocytoma C6 cells, although with different kinetics. In addition, nerve growth factor expression is stimulated, as seen by mRNA accumulation and protein secretion, in primary astrocytes and one of the two C6 subclones, with an apparent correlation with the transience of c-fos induction. The activation of protein kinase C appears as an obligatory step during these processes, because (a) inhibition of protein kinase C by staurosporine blocks the induction by endothelin or phorbol esters of both c-fos and nerve growth factor, and (b) phorbol ester-evoked down-regulation of protein kinase C completely abolishes the c-fos induction by endothelin, but not that by the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol, a known activator of the cyclic AMP-dependent pathway. Our results support the hypothesis that c-fos product might be implicated in nerve growth factor expression by astrocytes, and also suggest that endothelins may participate in vivo in the modulation of the glial neurotrophic activity during brain development or wound healing.
A wearable carotid ultrasound assembly for early detection of cardiovascular diseases (2016)

Cardiovascular disease is currently responsible for a major portion of all global deaths. Fortunately, early detection of its symptoms can greatly contribute to effective prevention. Hence, clinicians recommend routine cardiovascular check-ups. Even though various methods for cardiac diagnosis exist, most of them are clinic-based, and therefore time-consuming and costly. Therefore, it is not always possible for patients to go through these procedures on a regular basis. In this paper, we propose a novel wearable ultrasonic imaging assembly for routine, easy-to-use, and economical monitoring of the carotid arteries. The device monitors intima-media thickness (IMT), which is a proven clinically useful marker for diagnosis of cardiovascular disease and prediction of imminent cardiovascular events. It uses standard B-mode ultrasound, which is suitable for implementation within area- and power-constrained wearable form factors. We present design parameters and power requirements for all the essential hardware components of the proposed wearable imaging system. We also present an efficient algorithm for predicting IMT anomalies from ultrasound images.
Dynamic structure in supported Pt nanoclusters: Real-time density functional theory and x-ray spectroscopy simulations (2008)

The nature of local atomic and electronic structure at the nanoscale is of both fundamental and technological importance. For example, supported metal nanoclusters exhibit a number of unusual phenomena including large structural disorder and bond-length contraction with increasing temperature. We investigate this behavior for a prototypical ten atom Pt cluster supported on $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ alumina using temperature-dependent, real-time simulations based on density functional theory/molecular-dynamics and x-ray spectroscopy theory. The simulations reveal a complex dynamical structure on multiple-time scales including librational motion of the center of mass and fluctuating bonding characteristics, which explain many of the unusual properties.
Impact of temperature variation on the energy resolution of 3D position sensitive CZT gamma- ray spectrometers (2007)

Prototype 3D position sensitive CZT gamma spectrometers have been developed using 10x10x10 mm3 pixellated CZT detectors and a RENA-3 readout system from NOVA R&D. Under stable room temperature, excellent energy resolution of ~1% FWHM at 662 keV is consistently demonstrated for single interaction events in the detector with one time pre-measurement calibration. To test the feasibility of using the 3D CZT spectrometers for outdoor applications where ambient temperature is subject to a wide range of variation, the energy resolution performance of two detectors, one from Redlen Technologies and one from Yinnel Tech Inc., has been evaluated over the ambient temperature range from -5 to 45degC. The temperature related contributors to energy resolution, such as the readout electronics response and electron trapping in CZT detectors, have been investigated. The Redlen detector shows good stability in electron trapping with typical (mutau) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> (electron mobility-lifetime product) of ~1.5e-2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V, but a temperature- related gain drift up to +/-0.8% is observed with contribution from readout electronics. The Yinnel Tech detector has a typical (mutau) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> of ~5e-3 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V at room temperature and shows significantly reduced (mutau) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">e</sub> and increased electron trapping at lower temperatures. These results indicate both detectors need temperature related multiple calibrations to avoid significant energy resolution degradation from varying ambient temperature. With multiple 3D detector response calibrations at different temperatures, energy resolution close to ~1% FWHM at 662 keV can be maintained for both detectors.
Light-harvesting semiconductor quantum dot nanocrystals integrated on photovoltaic radial junction nanopillars (2010)

In the last decades increased awareness for environmental problems, climate change, and limited energy sources has escalated research efforts around the globe to investigate photovoltaics as an alternative energy source. The sun offers an enormous potential for solar energy conversion, which makes photovoltaics quite attractive among green energy sources. However, there is still not an ultimate photovoltaic device which yet provides high efficiencies at low costs. Recently with the development of nanofabrication technologies, nanostructured solar cells have emerged at research labs (e.g., using nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes etc.). These nanostructured device architectures are intended to yield enhanced optical properties such as light trapping compared to existing planar devices. In certain architectures, however, there are some nanofabrication bottlenecks that adversely affect the overall device performance of such nanostructured photovoltaics. These technical challenges can possibly be overcome with maturing fabrication methods in time. But, there also exist limitations stemming from intrinsic properties of the active materials that cannot be easily fixed unless hybrid approaches are exploited or materials are replaced. For example, silicon, which is the most commonly used material in photovoltaic industry, suffers too strong absorption at short wavelengths (i.e., UV-blue), undesirably leading to poor performance in this spectral range due to high front surface recombination rates. However, UV-blue portion constitutes almost 10% of the sunlight, which is mostly unused by Si based photovoltaics. To address this problem, we propose and demonstrate light-trapping radial p-n junction Si nanopillar solar cells that are furnished with CdSe quantum dot nanocrystals to harvest short-wavelength radiation in addition to long-wavelengths. The basic operating principle of these light-harvesting nanocrystals integrated on nanopillars relies on the wavelength up-conversion idea of incident photon absorption in these nanocrystals at short wavelengths and subsequent photon emission at longer wavelengths, which is in turn reabsorbed by the furnished nanopillar diodes. Although such light-harvesters were previously studied on planar devices or those with elliptical holes in them, nanocrystal-decorated nanopillars have not been investigated to date. Here we demonstrate that this nanopillar architecture provides additional advantage of trapping photon emission from the light-harvesting nanocrystals for wavelength up-conversion, compared to the planar case.
Fracture behavior of random distributed short tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites (2019)

In future fusion reactors, tungsten is considered as the main candidate material for plasma-facing components.However, the intrinsic brittleness of tungsten is of great concern during operation.To overcome this drawback, tungsten fiber-reinforced tungsten composites (Wf/W) are being developed relying on extrinsic toughening principles.Tungsten (W) fibers with extremely high tensile strength and ductility are used to reinforce a tungsten matrix.In this work, field assisted sintering technology (FAST) is used to produce Wf/W material.Mechanical characterizations including Charpy impact and 3-point bending tests are performed.Based on the 3-point bending test results, the Wf/W materials can facilitate a promising pseudoductile behavior even at room temperature, similar to fiber reinforced ceramic composites.Fracture energy density and fracture toughness together with the crack-resistance curves (R-curves) are measured.Compared to conventional pure tungsten, Wf/W shows significant improvement in fracture toughness.
Investigation of filter bank based device-to-device communication integrated into OFDMA cellular system (2014)

Device-to-Device communication has been a hot research topic in the recent years. Among different D2D use cases, the integration of D2D and conventional cellular network is one of the most attractive schemes. This approach has been investigated in recent academic and standardization studies, since such a combination improves the efficiency of the overall system in both resource and power domains. It also improves the coverage of the cellular network and improves the cell edge performance. In this paper, such a system combining D2D and OFDMA/SC-FDMA based cellular network is investigated. The D2D integrated OFDMA system performance is investigated, emphasizing the interference analysis. Besides, a filter bank based multicarrier (FBMC) scheme is introduced for the D2D integrated system for the purpose of interference reduction.
A Wall-Flow-Direction Probe for Use in Separating and Reattaching Flows (1979)

The measurement of the exceedingly unsteady behavior of nominally two-dimensional, turbulent flows in regions of separation and reattachment is facilitated by the development of a new instrument; the wall-flow-direction probe which determines the instantaneous flow direction (upstream or downstream) in a thin layer of fluid very close to the wall. The probe was tested in low-speed, unsteady, separating and reattaching air flows. It appears to offer considerably more accuracy than other methods for the determination of time mean separation and reattachment points. In addition, the probe and its control circuits are relatively inexpensive and easy to construct.
Low-Threshold Ultrafast Surface-Passivated Photonic Crystal Nanocavity Lasers (2007)

Efficiency and speed of photonic crystal lasers are improved by passivating InGaAs/GaAs membranes using (NH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> )S treatment. Lasers show five-fold reduction in nonradiative surface recombination rate, resulting in four-fold reduction in threshold and room-temperature operation with near THz response.
Lung and general health effects of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)-interacting SPA4 peptide (2020)

These findings provide an initial toxicity profile of SPA4 peptide. Intratracheal administration of escalating doses of SPA4 peptide does not induce any significant toxicity at tissue and organ levels. However, treatment with a dose of 50 μg SPA4 peptide, comparable to 2.5 μg/g body weight, alleviates LPS-induced lung inflammation.
Synthesis of hierarchically porous inorganic–metal site-isolated nanocomposites (2006)

Hierarchically porous inorganic nanocomposites have been synthesized combining interconnected macropores and mesopores with a high loading of site-isolated gold nanoparticles.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF KETAMINE METABOLITES I AND II AND SOME ANOMALOUS REACTIONS OF 6‐BROMOKETAMINE (1982)

Abstract Die Synthese von Metaboliten der pharmakologisch wirksamen Droge Ketamin (Ketalar v. Parke‐Davis) (I) wird beschrieben.