gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contribution of enhanced ADCC to superior in vivo efficacy of a novel type II humanized, third generation CD20 antibody (GA101) in NHL xenograft models (2008)

AACR Annual Meeting-- Apr 12-16, 2008; San Diego, CA

3991 

GA101 is the first humanized type II CD20 antibody in clinical development for the treatment of B-cell malignancies. It was derived by humanization of the murine B-Ly1 antibody, introducing a modification of its elbow hinge sequence, and glycoengineering of the human IgG1 Fc region. By virtue of its Type II mode of binding to CD20, a property enhanced by the elbow hinge sequence modification, GA101 induces superior, Fc-independent direct target cell death as compared to Type I CD20 antibodies like rituximab. In addition, the glycoengineered Fc region of GA101 binds with higher affinity to FcgRIIIa on immune effector cells (e.g., NK cells and macrophages), leading to significantly enhanced ADCC relative to rituximab and other standard IgG1 antibodies. The affinity of the Fc-FcgRIIIa interaction has previously been correlated with response to rituximab monotherapy of fNHL. Treatment of patients homozygous for the less common, high affinity variant of FcgRIIIa (158V) was associated with a higher response rate and longer progression-free survival, relative to patients carrying the low affinity form of this receptor (FcgRIIIa-158F) (Cartron et al., 2002). Glycoengineering of GA101 increased its binding affinity affinity to both FcgRIIIa variants and, importantly, led to higher binding affinity to the more common FcgRIIIa-158F form, as compared to rituximab binding to FcgRIIIa-158V. In mouse models, the homologue receptor of hFcgRIIIa (mFcgRIV) is expressed in monocytes, macrophages and granulocytes, but not on NK cells. In order to dissect the contribution of Fc glycoengineering to the in vivo efficacy of GA101, we compared it to its non-glycoengineered counterpart, and to rituximab, in human subcutaneous and orthotopic NHL xenograft models in Scid-beige mice. Of note, this is a mouse strain with disabled NK cells and granulocytes but with functional monocytes and macrophages. We showed that glycoengineering of GA101 led to significantly enhanced in vivo efficacy and that both both GA101 and its non-glycoengineered counterpart have dramatically superior in vivo efficacy as compared to the rituximab. Furthermore, a comparison of s.c. and orthotopic xenograft models indicated that the contribution of monocytes and macrophages to efficacy in orthotopic models is stronger. In humans, an additional contribution of enhanced ADCC mediated by NK cells may be expected as compared with that seen in murine models.
Fine Torsion Torque Control for Geared Motors by a State-Reference-Dependent Variable-Order Friction Observer (2020)

Controlling torsion torque in geared motors is essential for precise control of load-side dynamics. An I-P torsion torque controller (TTC) structure combined with a friction observer based on the disturbance observer has been previously proposed for this means. However, in motors with strong nonlinear friction, this method is not able to quickly compensate nonlinear friction when rotation direction changes, severely affecting the torsion torque control performance. This paper proposes a variable-order friction observer with a switching law based on the motor-side velocity (state) and torque command (reference) that is able to compensate for the effects of friction in the torsion torque response, while also preventing limit cycles due to the friction compensation itself. First, a review of the conventional I-P TTC with zero-order friction observer method is given. Followed by this we explain the decomposition process of a high-order friction observer into a variable-order form. Next, a stability analysis of the variable-order friction observer is done. Then, appropriate switching functions are designed to effectively compensate friction and prevent limit cycles. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proven by numerical simulation results and experimental results with a 1 DOF robotic arm.
Annotated bibliography of the analytical chemistry of niobium and tantalum, January 1935-June 1953 (1957)

It refers the reader. to the original publications and to abstracts and discussions (summaries} of them. Author and subject indexes are supplied, and also. lists of abbreviations used for the serials to which reference is made, and of Atomic Energy Commission code designations and depository libraries where reports so designated can be examined or obtained.
<title>Popcorn noise in linear In<formula><inf><roman>0.53</roman></inf></formula>Ga<formula><inf><roman>0.47</roman></inf></formula>As detector arrays</title> (1992)

Popcorn noise, also called burst noise, manifests itself as a random charge fluctuation in linear In<SUB>0.53</SUB>Ga<SUB>0.47</SUB>As detector arrays. The noise is not present in all the devices; it may affect only 1 or 2% of the photodiodes at a moderately high reverse bias (5 V) but represents a potential performance limitation for the InGaAs photodetector arrays. The random charge fluctuations can be of the order of a few hundred to a million electrons at room temperature and can also be observed at temperatures as low as 200 K. Our studies suggest that dislocations which originate in the InP substrate are the major cause of popcorn noise. This noise can be significantly reduced or completely eliminated by reducing the reverse bias of the photodiodes from 5 V to 2 V or less. Crystal defects seem to cause the popcorn noise when the diode is substantially depleted. A lower reverse bias prevents the depletion width from reaching these defects and thereby prevents the possible generation of popcorn noise.
Novel development of nanoparticles to bimetallic nanoparticles and their composites: A review (2017)

Bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) are formed by the combination of two different metals. Bimetallic nanoparticles have attracted huge attention as compared to monometallic nanoparticles in both technological and scientific view because BNPs shows better properties. Bimetallic nanoparticles can be synthesized in different shape, size and structure. The nanocomposites of BNPs have been prepared by supporting them on the organic or inorganic counterparts. BNPs nanocomposites have improved properties as compared to those of bimetallic nanoparticles. Due to reduction in size and increase in surface area, these are prominently used as catalyst. Application area of bimetallic nanocomposites includes drug delivery, water purification and catalysis etc.
Uterine bleeding with hormone therapies in menopausal women: a systematic review (2020)

Uterine bleeding is a common reason why women discontinue menopausal hormone therapy (HT). This systematic review compared bleeding profiles reported in studies for continuous-combined HT approved in North America and Europe for moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms in postmenopausal women with a uterus. Non-head-to-head studies showed that uterine bleeding varies by formulation and administration route, with oral having a better bleeding profile than transdermal formulations. Cumulative amenorrhea over a year ranged from 18 to 61% with oral HT and from 9 to 27% with transdermal HT, as reported for continuous-combined HT containing 17β-estradiol (E2)/progesterone (P4) (56%), E2/norethisterone acetate (NETA) (49%), E2/drospirenone (45%), conjugated equine estrogens/medroxyprogesterone acetate (18-54%), ethinyl estradiol/NETA (31-61%), E2/levonorgestrel patch (16%), and E2/NETA patch (9-27%). Amenorrhea rates and the mean number of bleeding/spotting days improved over time. The oral E2/P4 combination was amongst those with lower bleeding rates and may be an appropriate alternative for millions of women seeking bioidentical HT and/or those who have bleeding concerns with other HT.
Name dropping: A brief opinion on why changes in a client’s name might be significant (2009)

Anecdotal observations, backed up by a small amount of research evidence, suggest that a significant minority of people detained under the Mental Health Act change their name during the course of treatment. The significance of this is discussed.
Maggot Therapy for Wound Care in Austere Environments (2017)

The past 25 years have seen an increase in use of maggot therapy for wound care. Maggot therapy is very effective in wound debridement; it is simple to apply and requires very little in the way of resources, costs, or skilled personnel. These characteristics make it well suited for use in austere environments. The use of medical-grade maggots makes maggot therapy nearly risk free, but medical grade maggots may not always be available, especially in the wilderness or in resource-limited communities. By understanding myiasis and fly biology, it should be possible even for the nonentomologist to obtain maggots from the wild and apply them therapeutically, with minimal risks.
A Large Field of View Coincidence Imaging System (2009)

For such as breast cancer imaging, dedicated coinci- dence imaging detector will be promising for new instrumentation of nuclear medicine. For this purpose, a large field of view (FOV) coincidence imaging system was developed and tested. The imaging system consists of four sets of one-dimensional sharing block detectors and a single gamma probe and measures coinci- dence between these two detectors. The one-dimensional sharing detector uses 5 GSO blocks optically coupled to 6 dual photo- multiplier tubes (PMT). The size of a single GSO is 2.9 mm 2.9 mm 15 mm. The signals from four one-dimensional sharing detectors are fed to weighted summing circuits. They are digitized by 100 MHz free running analog to digital (A-D) converters and are used to calculate the position of gamma interaction. Coincidence was measured between this gamma imaging detector (panel detector) and a hand-held single gamma probe. Acquired data was transferred to a personal computer and displayed. Most spots corresponding to GSO crystals were resolved in the position histogram. Spatial resolution was around 4 to 6 mm FWHM when the detector is greater than 25 mm. The sensitivity was 0.1-0.2% when the single probe was 25 mm away from the imager surface. Images of phantoms were successfully obtained. We conclude developed coincidence imaging system has large FOV and easy to handle, reasonable spatial resolution and may have potential to be a new instrument for nuclear medicine.
AntMonitor (2015)

We propose AntMonitor - a system for passive monitoring, collection and analysis of fine-grained, large-scale packet measurements from Android devices. AntMonitor is the first system of its kind that combines the following properties: (i) it provides participating users with fine-grained control of which data to contribute; (ii) it does not require administrative privileges; (iii) it supports client-side analysis of traffic; and (iv) it supports collection of large-scale, fine-grained, and semantic-rich traffic. The first three properties benefit mobile users, by giving them control over their privacy while also enabling a number of services to incentivize their participation. The last property makes AntMonitor a powerful tool for network researchers who want to collect and analyze large-scale, yet fine-grained mobile measurements. As a proof-of-concept, we have developed and deployed a prototype of AntMonitor, and we have used it to monitor 9 users for several months. AntMonitor has high network throughput while incurring lower CPU and battery costs than existing mobile monitoring systems. Our preliminary experience with the prototype demonstrates its capabilities and its potential for enabling several research activities, including network measurement from the edge, classification of mobile traffic, and detection of privacy leakage and other malicious behaviors.
Improving Quantum Yield of Upconverting Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media via Emission Sensitization (2018)

We demonstrate a facile method to improve upconversion quantum yields in Yb,Er-based nanoparticles via emission dye-sensitization. Using the commercially available dye ATTO 542, chosen for its high radiative rate and significant spectral overlap with the green emission of Er<sup>3+</sup>, we decorate the surfaces of sub-25 nm hexagonal-phase Na(Y/Gd/Lu)<sub>0.8</sub>F<sub>4</sub>:Yb<sub>0.18</sub>Er<sub>0.02</sub> upconverting nanoparticles with varying dye concentrations. Upconversion photoluminescence and absorption spectroscopy provide experimental confirmation of energy transfer to and emission from the dye molecules. Upconversion quantum yield is observed to increase with dye sensitization, with the highest enhancement measured for the smallest particles investigated (10.9 nm in diameter); specifically, these dye-decorated particles are more than 2× brighter than are unmodified, organic-soluble nanoparticles and more than 10× brighter than are water-soluble nanoparticles. We also observe 3× lifetime reductions with dye adsorption, confirming the quantum yield enhancement to result from the high radiative rate of the dye. The approach detailed in this work is widely implementable, renders the nanoparticles water-soluble, and most significantly improves sub-15 nm nanoparticles, making our method especially attractive for biological imaging applications.
Supplementary Figures 1-9; Supplementary Table 1 from The PI3K/Akt Pathway Regulates Oxygen Metabolism via Pyruvate Dehydrogenase (PDH)-E1α Phosphorylation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-9; Supplementary Table 1. Suppl. Fig. 1 Western blotting for downstream targets of PI3K and mTOR. Suppl. Fig. 2 Effect of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors on OCR. Suppl. Fig. 3 Effect of BEZ235 on mitochondrial mass and membrane potential. Suppl. Fig. 4 Analysis of the COX1 DNA levels by RT-PCR. Suppl. Fig. 5 Effect of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors on PDH complex subunits. Suppl. Fig. 6 Effects on OCR following the treatment with inhibitors of Akt and/or PI3K. Suppl. Fig. 7 Relationship between PI3K activation and PDH-E1α phosphorylation using doxycycline-inducible system. Suppl. Fig. 8 Effect of PDH-E1α inhibition on OCR. Suppl. Fig. 9 Effect of PDH-E1α mutants on PDH-E1α phosphorylation. Table S1 Sequence of primers used to measure the levels of the COX1 and PNC1.&lt;/p&gt;
The Effect of Pitch in Auditory Error Feedback for Fitts' Tasks in Virtual Reality Training Systems (2021)

Fitts' law and the associated throughput measure characterize user pointing performance in virtual reality (VR) training systems and simulators well. Yet, pointing performance can be affected by the feedback users receive from a VR application. This work examines the effect of the pitch of auditory error feedback on user performance in a Fitts' task through a distributed experiment. In our first study, we used middle- and high-frequency sound feedback and demonstrated that high-pitch error feedback significantly decreases user performance in terms of time and throughput. In the second study, we used adaptive sound feedback, where we increased the frequency with the error rate, while asking subjects to execute the task “as fast/as precise/as fast and precise as possible”. Results showed that adaptive sound feedback decreases the error rate for “as fast as possible” task execution without affecting the time. The results can be used to enhance and design various VR systems.
Infrared observations of the 3C 273 jet (1984)

The first infrared (1.25 micron and 2.2 micron) observations of the jet in the quasar 3C 273 are reported. The present data, when combined with previous observations, show that the optical-infrared spectrum is a power law with index approximately equal to that in the radio, but lies a factor of 5 below the extrapolation from the radio. Various emission mechanisms for the optical-infrared jet are discussed, and it is concluded that synchrotron radiation is the most likely. However, the spectra of different parts of the jet are not the same; the radio-infrared index of the inner half is significantly larger (i.e., softer spectrum) than that of the outer half of the jet.
Quantification of Cas9 binding and cleavage across diverse guide sequences maps landscapes of target engagement (2020)

Abstract The RNA-guided nuclease Cas9 has unlocked powerful methods for perturbing both the genome through targeted DNA cleavage and the regulome through targeted DNA binding, but limited biochemical data has hampered efforts to quantitatively model sequence perturbation of target binding and cleavage across diverse guide sequences. We present scalable, sequencing-based platforms for high-throughput filter binding and cleavage, then perform 62,444 quantitative binding and cleavage assays on 35,047 on- and off-target DNA sequences across 90 Cas9 ribonucleoproteins (RNPs) loaded with distinct guide RNAs. We observe that binding and cleavage efficacy, as well as specificity, vary substantially across RNPs; canonically studied guides often have atypically high specificity; sequence context surrounding the target significantly influences Cas9 on-rate; and Cas9 RNPs may sequester targets in nonproductive states that contribute to “proofreading” capability. Finally, we distill our findings into an interpretable biophysical model that predicts changes in binding and cleavage for diverse target sequence perturbations.
Cost-effectiveness of a lifestyle intervention in high-risk individuals for diabetes in a low- and middle-income setting: Trial-based analysis of the Kerala Diabetes Prevention Program (2020)

The trial was registered with Australia and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ( ACTRN12611000262909 ). Registered 10 March 2011.
A combined nanoplasmonic and electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance setup (2009)

We have developed an instrument combining localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) sensing with electrodeless quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D). The two techniques can be run simultaneously, on the same sensor surface, and with the same time resolution and sensitivity as for the individual techniques. The electrodeless QCM eliminates the need to fabricate electrodes on the quartz crystal and gives a large flexibility in choosing the surface structure and coating for both QCM-D and LSPR. The performance is demonstrated for liquid phase measurements of lipid bilayer formation and biorecognition events, and for gas phase measurements of hydrogen uptake/release by palladium nanoparticles. Advantages of using the combined equipment for biomolecular adsorption studies include synchronized information about structural transformations and extraction of molecular (dry) mass and degree of hydration of the adlayer, which cannot be obtained with the individual techniques. In hydrogen storage studies the combined equipment, allows for synchronized measurements of uptake/release kinetics and quantification of stored hydrogen amounts in nanoparticles and films at practically interesting hydrogen pressures and temperatures.
Envisioning an Agent-OS for Autonomous Cooperative Systems (2006)

The Autonomous Cooperative System environment was built as a low priority control task inside programmable logical controllers. It added the functionality of an agent-based operating system. The ACS kernel evolved in this manner for a long time almost independent of the controller operating system. Although ACS has been successfully deployed on commercial controllers, new releases of Logix will cause complications in the integration of the software and adoption of future functionality. There is necessity to evolve ACS to be seamless integrated with the controllers. This new challenge implies changes to the Logix OS for the creation of the agents. There are critical implications that would radically affect the agent infrastructure. In this document, we discuss the results of the transformation.
Nanosecond Dynamics of the Single Tryptophan Reveals Multi-State Equilibrium Unfolding of Protein GB1 (2000)

Unfolding of the immunoglobulin binding domain B1 of streptococcal protein G (GB1) was induced by guanidine hydrochloride (GdnHCl) and studied by circular dichroism, steady-state, and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence methods employed the single tryptophan residue of GB1 as an intrinsic reporter. While the transitions monitored by circular dichroism and steady-state fluorescence coincided with each other, the transitions followed by dynamic fluorescence were markedly different. Specifically, fluorescence anisotropy data showed that a relaxation spectrum of tryptophan contained a slow motion with relaxation times of 9 ns in the native state and 4 ns in the unfolded state in 6 M GdnHCl. At intermediate GdnHCl concentrations of 3.8-4.2 M, however, the slow relaxation time increased to 18 ns. The fast nanosecond motion had an average time of 0.8 ns and showed no dependence on the formation of native structure. Overall, dynamic fluorescence revealed two preliminary stages in GB1 folding, which are equated with the formation of local structure in the beta(3)-strand hairpin and the initial collapse. Both stages exist without alpha-helix formation, i. e., before the appearance of any ordered secondary structure detectable by circular dichroism. Another stage in GB1 folding might exist at very low ( approximately 1 M) GdnHCl concentrations.
Systematic Approach to Solvent Selection for Biphasic Systems with a Combination of COSMO‐RS and a Dynamic Modeling Tool (2008)

Abstract Biphasic aqueous‐organic systems are important reaction systems for catalytic processes. This is especially true for biocatalysis where the range of accessible products can be significantly extended. In such systems, the aqueous phase is the reactive phase in which the biocatalyst is dissolved and the organic phase is nonreactive and acts as substrate reservoir and as in situ product extraction solvent. Here, the choice of the nonreactive phase is highly important for the overall performance of the system. In this contribution, a systematic approach to solvent selection for biphasic aqueous‐organic systems is presented with respect to partition coefficients. The model reaction is the stereoselective carbon‐carbon coupling of two 3,5‐dimethoxy‐benzaldehyde molecules to (R) ‐3,3',5,5'‐tetramethoxy‐benzoin catalyzed by benzaldehyde lyase (EC 4.1.2.38) from Pseudomonas fluorescens. A systematic approach to solvent selection consisting of two steps is proposed: Firstly, the conductor‐like screening model for real solvents (COSMO‐RS) is used to facilitate a fast solvent screening. Since this is an ab initio approach it allows a pre‐screening without laborious experimental input. The proposed ranking of solvents, based on the ratio of partition coefficients at infinite dilution, is a sound basis for the successive steps. Secondly, a dynamic model is fitted to experimental data in order to obtain detailed and reliable results for mass transfer and partition coefficients. Therefore, the method makes efficient use of the experimental data and substantiates quantitative results with guided experiments.