gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Multilevel Performance Screening of Advanced Materials (2002)

A new general high-throughput screening approach is described that incorporates performance testing of materials arrays at multiple levels (see scheme; TL= test level). This approach is essential when intrinsic properties of materials do not provide knowledge about their long-term performance. The approach is illustrated by fluorescence screening of polymer compositions for their weathering, providing materials ranking up to 800 times faster than by traditional methods.
Towards image-based beard modeling (2009)

Modeling of plausible hair is essential for creating believable virtual characters. However, due to the inherent complexity of the hair geometry only very costly approaches, that either rely on manual modeling or require very specialized acquisition hardware, have been previously presented in literature [Paris et al. 2008].
HP/HT Drilling Fluids Challenges (2006)

Abstract Accurate knowledge of drilling fluid behavior under actual conditions is required to maximize operational efficiency and to minimize cost and drilling fluid related risks on extreme high-pressure / high-temperature (HP/HT) wells. This paper identifies and discusses the major HP/HT drilling fluid challenges, recent innovations in fluid viscosity measurements under HP/HT conditions, drilling fluid designs stable to extreme HP/HT conditions, and other considerations in HP/HT drilling.
Simultaneous swept source optical coherence tomography of the anterior segment and retina using coherence revival (2012)

We report on an implementation of coherence revival-based heterodyne swept source optical coherence tomography that is capable of simultaneously imaging the anterior and posterior eye. A polarization-encoded sample arm was used to efficiently focus orthogonal polarizations on the anterior segment and retina. Depth encoding was achieved using coherence revival, which allows for multiple depths within a sample to be simultaneously imaged and frequency encoded by carefully controlling the optical pathlength of each sample path. This design is a significant step toward whole-eye optical coherence tomography (OCT), which would enable customized ray-traced modeling of patient eyes to improve refractive surgical interventions and eliminate optical artifacts in retinal OCT diagnostics. We demonstrated the feasibility of this system for in vivo imaging by simultaneously acquiring images of the anterior segments and retinas in healthy human volunteers.
When video game playing expands your mind's eye (2010)

Videogame playing puts extraordinary demands on our visual and motor skills, offering a unique opportunity to investigate learning and its limits in the visuo-motor domain. In a series of experiments, we have shown that videogame playing pushes the limits of visual attention skills. Videogame players (VGPs) were found to outperform non-videogame players (NVGPs) on the number of visual items they could apprehend at once as measured by an enumeration task, during the localization of eccentric targets among distractors as measured by the Useful Field of View, and during the processing of rapidly serially presented visual events as measured by the Attentional Blink paradigm. These results indicate that videogame playing enhances the capacity of visual attention as well as its spatial distribution and temporal resolution. Non-video gamers trained on a first-person point of view action videogame showed significant improvement from their pre-training scores on all three tasks indicating that as little as ten days of videogame playing can alter these fundamental aspects of visual attention. Thus, unlike most perceptual learning tasks that are rather specific, the learning induced by videogame playing generalizes to three rather different aspects of visual attention. There are multiple ways videogame training could lead to such an enhancement. Changes in known attentional bottlenecks is certainly a possibility; however speeded perceptual processes and/or better management of several tasks at the central executive level are also likely to contribute.
Extending Electrical Scanning Probe Microscopy Measurements of Semiconductor Devices Using Microwave Impedance Microscopy (2015)

Abstract Scanning microwave impedance microscopy was used to analyze a CMOS image sensor sample to reveal details of the dopant profiling in planar and cross-sectional samples. Sitespecific capacitance-voltage spectroscopy was performed on different regions of the samples.
Supplementary Data from <i>De Novo</i> Lipogenesis Alters the Phospholipidome of Esophageal Adenocarcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The Supplementary information file contains: (i) Supplementary Methods, concerning PCR primers, antibodies and explanation of the chemometric approach. (ii) Supplementary Figures 1-4, which provide extended data for the multivariable models of Figure 2 and 3, MS/MS analyses, and further gene expression data supporting Figure 5. (iii) Supplementary Tables 1-4, which provide demographics of the cohorts and univariate lipid analyses from Cohort 1 and 2.&lt;/p&gt;
Rigorous calculation of the Seebeck coefficient and mobility of thermoelectric materials (2010)

The Seebeck coefficient of a typical thermoelectric material is calculated without recourse to the relaxation time approximation (RTA). To that end, the Boltzmann transport equation is solved in one spatial and two k-space coordinates by a generalization of the iterative technique first described by Rode. Successive guesses for the chemical potential profile are generated until current continuity and charge-neutrality in the bulk of the device are simultaneously satisfied. Both the mobility and Seebeck coefficient are calculated as functions of the temperature and the agreement to experimentally obtained values is found to be satisfactory. Comparison is made with the less accurate RTA result, which has the sole advantage of giving closed form expressions for the transport coefficients.
Involvement of placental growth factor in Wallerian degeneration (2010)

Wallerian degeneration (WD) is an inflammatory process of nerve degeneration, which occurs more rapidly in the peripheral nervous system compared with the central nervous system, resulting, respectively in successful and aborted axon regeneration. In the peripheral nervous system, Schwann cells (SCs) and macrophages, under the control of a network of cytokines and chemokines, represent the main cell types involved in this process. Within this network, the role of placental growth factor (PlGF) remains totally unknown. However, properties like monocyte activation/attraction, ability to increase expression of pro-inflammatory molecules, as well as neuroprotective effects, make it a candidate likely implicated in this process. Also, nothing is described about the expression and localization of this molecule in the peripheral nervous system. To address these original questions, we decided to study PlGF expression under physiological and degenerative conditions and to explore its role in WD, using a model of sciatic nerve transection in wild-type and Pgf(-/-) mice. Our data show dynamic changes of PlGF expression, from periaxonal in normal nerve to SCs 24h postinjury, in parallel with a p65/NF-κB recruitment on Pgf promoter. After injury, SC proliferation is reduced by 30% in absence of PlGF. Macrophage invasion is significantly delayed in Pgf(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice, which results in worse functional recovery. MCP-1 and proMMP-9 exhibit a 3-fold reduction of their relative expressions in Pgf(-/-) injured nerves, as demonstrated by cytokine array. In conclusion, this work originally describes PlGF as a novel member of the cytokine network of WD.
Three Methods of Intonation Modeling (1998)

This paper compares different methods of generating intonation for an American English Text-to-Speech synthesis system. We look at a primarily rule-based approach and two data-driven approaches. For data-driven modeling we used two separate data sets, each representing a somewhat different prosodic style. One database was recordings of a portion of 1989 Wall Street Journal text from the Penn Treebank Project. The second database was recordings of interactive prompts used in telephone network services. Both were read by the same female speaker. Approximately two and one-half hours of speech was phonetically and prosodically segmented and labeled (first automatically, and subsequently verified manually) . The prosodic labeling used ToBI [7] tones and breaks. Three different intonation models were compared: (1) a predominantly rule-based model based on ToBI labels [3]; (2) a parametric model using the Tilt approach [8]; and (3) a Vector Quantized model based on an underlying parametric re...
Viewpoints (computing in the 1990s) (1991)

Fifteen academic and industry leaders share their views on current and future computer and related technology. They discuss Europe 1992 and its impact on information technology, 25 years of MITI and its influence on computing research in Japan, concurrent engineering, the scientific data decade, information systems, superconductivity and computing technology, semiconductor technology at middle age, past and future computer networks, testing and design verification of electronic components, operating systems in the year 2000, data parallel computing, computer-aided software prototyping, and object-oriented software technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Electromagnetically induced transparency over spectral hole-burning temperature in a rare-earth–doped solid (1999)

We have observed electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in rare-earth Pr3+-doped Y2SiO5 over the spectral hole-burning temperature. The transmission of the probe laser beam is increased by a factor of exp(1.4) at 12 K when a coupling laser of 1.2 kW/cm2 is applied to the system. The observation of EIT over the spectral hole-burning temperature in a rare-earth–doped solid represents important progress toward high-density echo-based optical memories at higher temperatures.
Model for trap filling and avalanche breakdown in semi-insulating Fe:InP (1997)

A self-consistent two-carrier numerical model for steady-state current flow in n-semi-insulating-n InP structures allows the treatment of avalanche breakdown in addition to trap filling. Band-to-band impact ionization is included as a source term in the continuity equations. Carrier diffusion, nonlinear velocity field characteristics, and Shockley-Read-Hall recombination through the traps are also included, and the effects of each on the field and trapped carrier distributions are calculated. (The progress of trap filling predicted by the traditional drift-only theory is also calculated.) With impact ionization, hole accumulation near the cathode redistributes the space charge and contributes to positive feedback for avalanche breakdown. The model predictions are consistent with experimentally observed catastrophic breakdown and allow the development of design guidelines for avoiding device failure.
Monolithically integrated III-Sb CW super-luminal light emitting diodes on non-miscut Si (100) substrates (2007)

Reported is super-luminescent emission under room-temperature, continuous-wave conditions from GaSb quantum-well-based light emitting diodes (LED), monolithically integrated on Si (100) substrates. The LEDs are realised with substrate growth temperature under 500°C for the entire process and the Si (001) substrate is non-miscut. The lattice mismatch at the AlSb/Si interface is accommodated by interfacial misfit dislocation arrays (IMF) resulting in low defect-density III-Sb material without thick metamorphic buffers. The devices are grown in etched trenches on the Si substrate to reduce anti-phase domains in the III-Sb. The n-Si substrate is contacted directly and thus current flows through the III-Sb/Si IMF interface. The diodes have extremely low leakage current density (Jleakage&lt;0.2 A/cm2) in the reverse bias (−10 V) and show very good diode characteristics but exhibit a slightly elevated forward resistance (R∼ 27 Ω), likely to be because of the IMF. The super-luminal spectra peaks at 2.14 µm with maximum output power ∼0.125 mW.
Glucosamine sulfate slows-down osteoarthritis progression in postmenopausal women: pooled analysis of two large, independent, randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective 3-year trials (2002)

peer reviewed
A biochemical comparison of fungal GH6 cellobiohydrolases (2019)

Cellobiohydrolases (CBHs) from glycoside hydrolase family 6 (GH6) make up an important part of the secretome in many cellulolytic fungi. They are also of technical interest, particularly because they are part of the enzyme cocktails that are used for the industrial breakdown of lignocellulosic biomass. Nevertheless, functional studies of GH6 CBHs are scarce and focused on a few model enzymes. To elucidate functional breadth among GH6 CBHs, we conducted a comparative biochemical study of seven GH6 CBHs originating from fungi living in different habitats, in addition to one enzyme variant. The enzyme sequences were investigated by phylogenetic analyses to ensure that they were not closely related phylogenetically. The selected enzymes were all heterologously expressed in <i>Aspergillus oryzae</i>, purified and thoroughly characterized biochemically. This approach allowed direct comparisons of functional data, and the results revealed substantial variability. For example, the adsorption capacity on cellulose spanned two orders of magnitude and kinetic parameters, derived from two independent steady-state methods also varied significantly. While the different functional parameters covered wide ranges, they were not independent since they changed in parallel between two poles. One pole was characterized by strong substrate interactions, high adsorption capacity and low turnover number while the other showed weak substrate interactions, poor adsorption and high turnover. The investigated enzymes essentially defined a continuum between these two opposites, and this scaling of functional parameters raises interesting questions regarding functional plasticity and evolution of GH6 CBHs.
Single-cell transcriptomes and whole-brain projections of serotonin neurons in the mouse dorsal and median raphe nuclei (2019)

Serotonin neurons of the dorsal and median raphe nuclei (DR, MR) collectively innervate the entire forebrain and midbrain, modulating diverse physiology and behavior. To gain a fundamental understanding of their molecular heterogeneity, we used plate-based single-cell RNA-sequencing to generate a comprehensive dataset comprising eleven transcriptomically distinct serotonin neuron clusters. Systematic in situ hybridization mapped specific clusters to the principal DR, caudal DR, or MR. These transcriptomic clusters differentially express a rich repertoire of neuropeptides, receptors, ion channels, and transcription factors. We generated novel intersectional viral-genetic tools to access specific subpopulations. Whole-brain axonal projection mapping revealed that DR serotonin neurons co-expressing vesicular glutamate transporter-3 preferentially innervate the cortex, whereas those co-expressing thyrotropin-releasing hormone innervate subcortical regions in particular the hypothalamus. Reconstruction of 50 individual DR serotonin neurons revealed diverse and segregated axonal projection patterns at the single-cell level. Together, these results provide a molecular foundation of the heterogenous serotonin neuronal phenotypes.
Secondary Resistive Losses With High-Frequency Injection-Based Self-Sensing in IPM Machines (2013)

This paper investigates the impact of high-frequency-injection-based self-sensing on secondary resistive losses associated with the high-frequency carrier component in interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines. Two types of salient machines, a flux-weakening IPM (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> > L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) and a flux-intensifying IPM (FI-IPM, L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</sub> <; L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sub> ) are investigated. Simulation with 3-D finite-element analysis is used to analyze the loss characteristics of the machines. Iron loss and eddy-current loss in permanent magnets dominate during high-frequency carrier-signal injection. The magnet eddy-current loss is found to be dependent on the magnet location and to be sensitive to loading, while the iron loss is dependent on stator and rotor structural designs and is less sensitive to loading. The understanding of this characteristic is useful for position and magnet temperature sensing. Experimental evaluation of losses on a built FI-IPM machine is used to evaluate the simulation results.
Graphene gas pumps (2018)

We report on a pneumatically coupled graphene pump system, comprising two cylindrical cavities of 3 femtoliter connected by a narrow trench, all covered by a thin few-layer graphene membrane. Local electrodes at the bottom of each cavity enable electrostatic pressure control and manipulation of gas flow through the channel. Using laser interferometry, we measure graphene displacement as a function of driving amplitude and frequency, thus providing proof-of-principle for using graphene membranes to pump attoliter quantities of gases and demonstrating pneumatic actuation at the nanoscale.
Influence of different degrees of liver impairment on the pharmacokinetics of clazosentan (2010)

The increase in exposure to clazosentan in Child-Pugh A patients is not expected to be clinically relevant and no dose adjustment for these patients is proposed. It is recommended to reduce the dose of clazosentan to half in Child-Pugh B and to one fourth in Child-Pugh C patients.
Engineering Design and Construction of the Waste Control Specialists, LLC LLRW in Texas (2012)

Waste Control Specialists, LLC, Inc. (WCS) owns 15,000 acres of property contiguous with the Texas/New Mexico border west of Andrews, Texas. Here, the first Low Level Radioactive Waste (LLRW) disposal facility in the U.S. has been designed and constructed in over 30 years. It is the only facility licensed to receive all three classes of LLRW that are suitable for near-surface disposal. The WCS facility has unique and challenging features that make it a state-of-the-art facility able to safely dispose of LLRW. The Liner system consists of multiple layers of protective features and redundant detection components. The waste matrix consists of concrete-in-concrete systems that contain the waste and provide stability for landfill. The landfill is relatively deep for a near-surface repository that allows for no surface projection at closure. Cover system consists of three separate but effective structures — performance cover, erosion protection cover, and evapotranspiration cover. During operations, the facility is designed to capture all storm water that falls on the footprint and divert water to holding ponds (non-contaminated storm water) or to large storage tanks (contact storm water) The Facility has several support systems that allow for safe and effective operations and disposal activities including but not limited to: five 500,000 gallon contact water storage tanks, a waste water treatment plant, security and fire systems, decontamination buildings, waste staging and sampling buildings, counting laboratory, gate house and administration buildings. Construction activities included pre-grading site to control storm water during construction and to provide an initial surface for landfill excavation, excavation of landfill units in excess of 100 feet deep through a cemented caliche layer, installation of access ramps to access bottom of disposal units and simultaneous construction of support facilities and buildings. A total of two landfill disposal units, seven support buildings and supporting infrastructure were constructed within 12-months.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Crystallization of Highly Oriented ZnO Microrods on Carboxylic Acid-Terminated SAMs (2005)

Highly oriented microrods ZnO crystals having a narrow size distribution were successfully crystallized on Si wafers coated with SiCl3(CH2)11−O−C6H4−COOH. The relationship between surface properties and the crystallization products was investigated by ellipsometry, wetting measurements, X-ray reflectivity (XR), and grazing incidence diffraction (GID). The influence of the phenyl ether chromophore and the carboxylic group were explored by comparing the crystallization products obtained on monolayers made from SiCl3(CH2)11−O−C6H4−COOCH3, SiCl3(CH2)16−COOH, and SiCl3(CH2)16−COOCH3 molecules. The results demonstrate that the carboxylic acid end group is crucial for achieving a highly oriented growth.
Imaging system-on-chip: design and applications (2004)

Recently developed CMOS image sensors offer the promise of ultra-low power consumption and camera-on-chip integration in standard fabrication processes. In this paper by combining the components of a multichip imaging system on a single chip does not take full advantage of integration, especially given its inherent complexity is demonstrated. Integration is most beneficial when the system is architected to bring processing closer to sensing so as to achieve higher performance or perform novel functionality. We demonstrate this point using three imaging system-on-chip examples. The first is a recently designed ultra-wide dynamic range video imaging system-on-chip that integrates a digital pixel sensor (DPS), a frame buffer, and digital signal processors. The second example is an integrated chemi-luminescence detection chip and the third is a vertically integrated IR imaging system that we are currently designing.
Building a Sulfonamide Library by Eco-Friendly Flow Synthesis (2013)

A rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of a sulfonamide library under flow conditions is described. The study illustrates an efficient, safe, and easily scalable preparation of sulfonamides by use of a meso-reactor apparatus, thus demonstrating the impact of flow technologies within drug discovery. Waste minimization, employment of green media, and nontoxic reactants are achieved by the optimization of the flow setup and experimental protocol designed to sequentially synthesize primary, secondary, and tertiary sulfonamides. Isolation of the products involves only extraction and precipitation affording pure compounds in good to high yields without further purification for biological evaluation.
Control of PWM voltage inverters in the pulse dropping region (1995)

The overmodulation of pulse width modulated (PWM) inverters causes a nonlinearity in the feedforward channel. The type of modulator, sine wave, space vector or third harmonic, establishes the characteristics of the transition region's nonlinearity. The characteristics for a number of modulation strategies are introduced. Test results from commercially available volts per hertz (V/F) drives reveal their inability to provide rated voltage even at rated input conditions. The adverse effects of the overmodulation region on current regulated AC inverters are demonstrated by experimental results. A compensated modulation technique (CMT), adaptable to continuous and discontinuous modulators, provides the exact inverse of the nonlinearity; thus it produces a smooth transition to six-step operation without inducing a voltage transient. Experimental results presented in the paper demonstrate the CMT's smooth transition to six-step and the improved performance of the CMT-PWM. Finally, a comparison of the CMT with the other known overmodulation strategy shows the CMT provides a simple technique with essentially identical harmonic characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>