gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Predicting Mechanical Properties of High-Performance Fiber-Reinforced Cementitious Composites by Integrating Micromechanics and Machine Learning (2021)

Current development of high-performance fiber-reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) mainly relies on intensive experiments. The main purpose of this study is to develop a machine learning method for effective and efficient discovery and development of HPFRCC. Specifically, this research develops machine learning models to predict the mechanical properties of HPFRCC through innovative incorporation of micromechanics, aiming to increase the prediction accuracy and generalization performance by enriching and improving the datasets through data cleaning, principal component analysis (PCA), and K-fold cross-validation. This study considers a total of 14 different mix design variables and predicts the ductility of HPFRCC for the first time, in addition to the compressive and tensile strengths. Different types of machine learning methods are investigated and compared, including artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), classification and regression tree (CART), and extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBoost). The results show that the developed machine learning models can reasonably predict the concerned mechanical properties and can be applied to perform parametric studies for the effects of different mix design variables on the mechanical properties. This study is expected to greatly promote efficient discovery and development of HPFRCC.
Distributed Iterative CT Reconstruction Using Multi-Agent Consensus Equilibrium (2020)

Model-Based Image Reconstruction (MBIR) methods significantly enhance the quality of computed tomographic (CT) reconstructions relative to analytical techniques, but are limited by high computational cost. In this article, we propose a multi-agent consensus equilibrium (MACE) algorithm for distributing both the computation and memory of MBIR reconstruction across a large number of parallel nodes. In MACE, each node stores only a sparse subset of views and a small portion of the system matrix, and each parallel node performs a local sparse-view reconstruction, which based on repeated feedback from other nodes, converges to the global optimum. Our distributed approach can also incorporate advanced denoisers as priors to enhance reconstruction quality. In this case, we obtain a parallel solution to the serial framework of Plug-n-play (PnP) priors, which we call MACE-PnP. In order to make MACE practical, we introduce a partial update method that eliminates nested iterations and prove that it converges to the same global solution. Finally, we validate our approach on a distributed memory system with real CT data. We also demonstrate an implementation of our approach on a massive supercomputer that can perform large-scale reconstruction in real-time.
Oxidation-Induced Trapping of Drugs in Porous Silicon Microparticles (2014)

An approach for the preparation of an oxidized porous silicon microparticle drug delivery system that can provide efficient trapping and sustained release of various drugs is reported. The method uses the contraction of porous silicon's mesopores, which occurs during oxidation of the silicon matrix, to increase the loading and retention of drugs within the particles. First, a porous Si (pSi) film is prepared by electrochemical etching of p-type silicon with a resistivity of >0.65 Ω cm in a 1:1 (v/v) HF/ethanol electrolyte solution. Under these conditions, the pore walls are sufficiently thin to allow for complete oxidation of the silicon skeleton under mild conditions. The pSi film is then soaked in an aqueous solution containing the drug (cobinamide or rhodamine B test molecules were used in this study) and sodium nitrite. Oxidation of the porous host by nitrite results in a shrinking of the pore openings, which physically traps the drug in the porous matrix. The film is subsequently fractured by ultrasonication into microparticles. Upon comparison with commonly used oxidizing agents for pSi such as water, peroxide, and dimethyl sulfoxide, nitrite is kinetically and thermodynamically sufficient to oxidize the pore walls of the pSi matrix, precluding reductive (by Si) or oxidative (by nitrite) degradation of the drug payload. The drug loading efficiency is significantly increased (by up to 10-fold), and the release rate is significantly prolonged (by 20-fold) relative to control samples in which the drug is loaded by infiltration of pSi particles postoxidation. We find that it is important that the silicon skeleton be completely oxidized to ensure the drug is not reduced or degraded by contact with elemental silicon during the particle dissolution-drug release phase.
Co-expression pattern from DNA microarray experiments as a tool for operon prediction (2002)

The prediction of operons, the smallest unit of transcription in prokaryotes, is the first step towards reconstruction of a regulatory network at the whole genome level. Sequence information, in particular the distance between open reading frames, has been used to predict if adjacent Escherichia coli genes are in an operon. While appreciably successful, these predictions need to be validated and refined experimentally. As a growing number of gene expression array experiments on E.coli became available, we investigated to what extent they could be used to improve and validate these predictions. To this end, we examined a large collection of published microarry data. The correlation between expression ratios of adjacent genes was used in a Bayesian classification scheme to predict whether the genes are in an operon or not. We found that for the genes whose expression levels change significantly across the experiments in the data set, the currently available gene expression data allowed a significant refinement of the sequenced-based predictions. We report these co-expression correlations in an E.coli genomic map. For a significant portion of gene pairs, however, the set of array experiments considered did not contain sufficient information to determine whether they are in the same transcriptional unit. This is not due to unreliability of the array data per se, but to the design of the experiments analyzed. In general, experiments that perturb a large number of genes offer more information for operon prediction than confined perturbations. These results provide a rationale for conducting expression studies comparing conditions that cause global changes in gene expression.
Microbiota-gut-brain research: A plea for an interdisciplinary approach and standardization (2019)

Abstract Hooks et al. note that microbiota-gut-brain research suffers from serious methodological flaws and interpretative issues. We suggest two corrective measures: first, taking more seriously the need of interdisciplinary work; second, interpreting some of the methodological issues as ordinary challenges of standardization, typical of emerging disciplines.
64-GBd DP-Bipolar-8ASK Transmission over 120 km SSMF Employing a Monolithically Integrated Driver and MZM in 0.25-µm SiGe BiCMOS Technology (2019)

We demonstrate 64-GBd signal generation up to bipolar-8-ASK utilizing a single MZM, monolithically integrated with segmented drivers in SiGe. Using polarization multiplexing, 300- Gb/s net data rate transmission over 120 km SSMF is shown.
Field reworkable underfill materials for flip chip on board assemblies (2001)

Studies have shown that underfill encapsulation dramatically improves the solder joint fatigue reliability of flip chip on board (FCOB) assemblies. The lack of reworkability of the underfill after the product is in the field has limited the integration of FCOB into cost sensitive electronic products and the continued proliferation of the FCOB technology will depend on the development of reworkable underfill materials systems. This paper presents data that correlates reliability performance to mechanical properties for twelve field reworkable underfill materials from three different suppliers. Their respective properties, processing parameters, and reliability performances are compared to the qualified, commercially available high performance underfills. Techniques were developed to redress the printed wiring board (PWB) site to enhance the reworked FCOB assembly yield. In addition, reliability performance results and failure analysis observations were compared to the first time nonreworked assemblies.
Electrooptic Analog-to-Digital Conversion using Channel Waveguide Modulators (1978)

Analog-to-digital (A/D) converters are widely used to translate sensor measurements into the digital language of computing, information processing, and control systems. Some of these systems, such as signal processors for wideband radars, are limited in performance by the speed of present A/D converters. A new type of A/D converter based on electrooptic modulation of light in channel waveguides has been proposed 1 . This paper discusses the design of such a device and presents some experimental results on electrooptic A/D conversion.
Vector space classification (2008)

Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches classical and web information retrieval, including web search and the related areas of text classification and text clustering from basic concepts. It gives an up-to-date treatment of all aspects of the design and implementation of systems for gathering, indexing, and searching documents; methods for evaluating systems; and an introduction to the use of machine learning methods on text collections. All the important ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students in computer science. Based on feedback from extensive classroom experience, the book has been carefully structured in order to make teaching more natural and effective. Slides and additional exercises (with solutions for lecturers) are also available through the book's supporting website to help course instructors prepare their lectures.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Treatment-Dependent Androgen Receptor Mutations in Prostate Cancer Exploit Multiple Mechanisms to Evade Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Treatment-Dependent Androgen Receptor Mutations in Prostate Cancer Exploit Multiple Mechanisms to Evade Therapy
Concentration-dependent free radical scavenging and ferric reducing ability of Vetiveria zizanioides (L.) Nash: Protective effect of vetiver root extract during oxidative stress (2012)

Vetiveria zizanioides, popularly known as ‘KHUS’ grass, has been known to India since ancient times. It is the major source of well-known oil of vetiver, which is used in medicine and in perfumery. A concentration-dependent ferric reducing, free radical scavenging and antioxidant activity of two genotypes, namely KS 1 and gulabi of vetiver (Vetiveria zizanioides L. Nash) root, were evaluated by using in vitro assays: the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), total phenolic content (TPC), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and reducing power (RP) assay. A positive co-relation was observed between FRAP, DPPH and TPC of cv KS 1, whereas TAC and RP showed a negative co-relation. A significant protective effect of cv KS 1 (100 [mu]g/mL) extract was also observed in erythrocytes reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration after subjecting erythrocytes to oxidative stress by incubating them with tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Our observations suggest that cv KS 1 has better antioxidant activity compared to cv gulabi of vetiver and may, in part, explain the use of spent/waste part of vetiver root as an economically viable source of natural antioxidant against complications arising from oxidative stress.
Long-term effects of a progressive and specific balance-training programme with multi-task exercises for older adults with osteoporosis: a randomized controlled study (2015)

This balance-training programme reduced concerns about falling, and also improved gait in older adults with osteoporosis and increased risk of falling in a long-term perspective - important issues for fall prevention.
Power modeling and other new features in the Graphite simulator (2014)

This paper described recent improvements to the Graphite simulator designed to help explore current and emerging research topics. With these improvements, Graphite is ideally suited to explore both power and performance in future multicore and manycore processors, especially those incorporating dynamic runtime monitoring and adaptation. Separate validation of Graphite has shown performance results within about 6% on average (18% worst case) of a cycle-level simulator and normalized power trends are predicted to within 10%. This makes Graphite accurate enough for medium- to long-term studies while maintaining very high performance. Graphite is freely available for anyone to use: http://graphite.csail.mit.edu.
Evidence for a Radical Mechanism in Monolayer Formation on Silicon Ground (or Scribed) in the Presence of Alkyl Halides (2004)

After silicon is ground under 1-chlorooctane, 1-bromooctane, or 1-iodooctane, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy reveals monolayer quantities of carbon on the resulting particles, which have nanometer to micron dimensions. Previously, it had been proposed that monolayer formation from alkyl halides on scribed, and presumably ground, silicon proceeds via a radical mechanism. This paper contains direct chemical evidence for this radical mechanism by showing the expected combination and disproportionation products from alkyl radicals, which had been predicted as intermediates in monolayer formation (Chem. Mater. 2002, 14, 27−19). For example, when silicon is ground in a ca. 50:50 mixture of 1-iodoheptane and 1-iodooctane, gas chromatography−mass spectrometry shows the appearance of the expected disproportionation products: 1-heptene, heptane, 1-octene, and octane. In addition, the combination products tetradecane, pentadecane, and hexadecane are also present in a ca. 1:2:1 ratio, as expected.
Reaction Sintering of ZnO‐AI 2 O 3 (1995)

The reaction sintering of equimolar mixtures of ZnO and A1 2 O 3 powders was investigated as a function of primary processing parameters such as the temperature, heating rate, green density, and particle size. The powder mixtures were prepared by two different methods. In one method, the ZnO and A1 2 O 3 powders were ball‐milled. In the other method, the ZnO powder was chemically precipitated onto the A1 2 O 3 particles dispersed in a solution of zinc chloride. The sintering characteristics of the compacted powders prepared by each method were compared with those for a prereacted, single‐phase powder of zinc aluminate, ZnAl 2 O 4 . The chemical reaction between ZnO and A1 2 O 3 occurred prior to densification of the powder compact and was accompanied by fairly large expansion. The mixing procedure had a significant effect on the densification rate during reaction sintering. The densification rate of the compact formed from the ball‐milled powder was strongly inhibited compared to that for the single‐phase ZnAl 2 O 4 powder. However, the densification rate of the compact formed from the chemically precipitated mixture was almost identical to that for the ZnAl 2 O 4 powder. The difference in sintering between the ball‐milled mixture and the chemically precipitated mixture is interpreted in terms of differences in the microstructural uniformity of the initial powder compacts resulting from the different preparation procedures.
Novel Transformation of Aralkylsulfinates to Their Aldehydes and Its Mechanistic Study (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTNovel Transformation of Aralkylsulfinates to Their Aldehydes and Its Mechanistic StudySung Cheol Yoon and Kyongtae KimView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 2, 793–795Publication Date (Web):January 26, 1996Publication History Received12 July 1995Revised25 October 1995Published online26 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo951247vhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo951247vbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aldehydes,Ions,Mixtures,Sodium,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
Thermal resistance of 1.3μm InGaAsP vertical cavity lasers (1993)

Abstract The thermal resistance of 1.3μm InGaAsP vertical cavity lasers is calculated using the finite difference method in cylindrical coordinates. Three etched‐well laser structures are compared and the thermal resistance is calculated for a range of active area diameters and a typical cavity size. Using an InP regrown laser structure appears to be most promising for achieving room‐temperature continuous operation of long‐wavelength vertical cavity lasers. © 1993 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
<title>Real-time landmark-based optical vehicle self-location</title> (1995)

This paper presents a system for performing real-time vehicular self-location through a combination of triangulation of target sightings and low-cost auxiliary sensor information (e.g. accelerometer, compass, etc.). The system primarily relies on the use of three video cameras to monitor a dynamic 180 degree field of view. Machine vision algorithms process the imagery from this field of view searching for targets placed at known locations. Triangulation results are then combined with the past video processing results and auxiliary sensor information to arrive at real-time vehicle location update rates in excess of 10 Hz on a single low-cost conventional CPU. To supply both extended operating range and nighttime operational capabilities, the system also possesses an active illumination mode that utilizes multiple, inexpensive, infrared LEDs to act as the illuminating source and retroreflectors as the system targets. This paper will present the design methodology used to arrive at the system, discuss the overall system concept and process flow, and will briefly discuss actual results of implementaing the system on a standard commercial vehicle.
Monoclonal antibodies that react with epithelial membrane antigen. (1984)

Previously reported immunohistochemical studies using three monoclonal antibodies reactive with the human milk fat globule membrane, LICR.LON.M8 and HMFG1 and 2 from the ICRF, have shown that their antigenic determinants have similar tissue distributions. These distributions are also similar to those shown by polyclonal sera against epithelial membrane antigen. Using a radioimmunoassay, we have shown that all three monoclonal antibodies react with epithelial membrane antigen. Immunofluorescent staining of cultures of human breast cells with these antibodies demonstrated that they are heterogeneous in their distribution. Although the results emphasized their similarities, differences between the antibodies suggested that they react with different epitopes on the same molecule. The use of these reagents in diagnostic tumor pathology is discussed.
Manufacturing with DUV lithography (1997)

Deep-UV (DUV) lithography has been developed to scale minimum feature sizes of devices on semiconductor chips to sub-half-micron dimensions. This paper reviews early manufacturing experiences at the IBM Microelectronics Division with deep ultraviolet (DUV) lithography at a 248-nm wavelength. Critical steps in the processing of 1Mb DRAM, 16Mb DRAM, and logic gate conductors in devices are discussed. The evolution of DUV lithography tools is also briefly reviewed.
Characterization of the Dynamic Material Properties of Magnetostrictive Terfenol-D (1996)

A major limitation in use of electromagnetic and/or magnetomechanical models for design of Terfenol-D actuators is the lack of reliable material property data for Terfenol-D. In particular data on the performance of Terfenol-D as employed in a transducer, operating under real world dynamic conditions is needed. To provide this information, Terfenol-D rod properties need to be measured under as run prestressed and magnetically biased states. Using a Terfenol-D actuator, the following properties can be measured and/or calculated: mechanical quality factor, speed of sound in the material, the resonant frequency, the anti-resonant frequency, two magnetic permeabilities (one at constant stress and one at constant strain), two Young's moduli (one at constant amplitude applied magnetic field and one at constant amplitude magnetic flux density in the material), the magnetomechanical coupling, and the axial strain coefficient. The development of the material properties measurements and calculations is based on the model of low signal, linear, magnetostriction from Clark, the linear transduction equations for a transducer from Hunt, and a one degree of freedom mechanical model of the transducer. The electrical impedance and admittance mobility loops are used to determine the resonant, anti-resonant, and half power point frequencies. The rest of the material properties indicated above can then be calculated using these frequencies, acceleration from an accelerometer mounted on the actuator arm, and readily measurable transducer and Terfenol-D rod parameters.
Plasmid DNA electrotransfer for intracellular and secreted proteins expression: new methodological developments and applications (2004)

In vivo electrotransfer is a physical method of gene delivery in various tissues and organs, relying on the injection of a plasmid DNA followed by electric pulse delivery. The importance of the association between cell permeabilization and DNA electrophoresis for electrotransfer efficiency has been highlighted. In vivo electrotransfer is of special interest since it is the most efficient non-viral strategy of gene delivery and also because of its low cost, easiness of realization and safety. The potentiality of this technique can be further improved by optimizing plasmid biodistribution in the targeted organ, plasmid structure, and the design of the encoded protein. In particular, we found that plasmids of smaller size were electrotransferred more efficiently than large plasmids. It is also of importance to study and understand kinetic expression of the transgene, which can be very variable, depending on many factors including cellular localization of the protein, physiological activity and regulation. The most widely targeted tissue is skeletal muscle, because this strategy is not only promising for the treatment of muscle disorders, but also for the systemic secretion of therapeutic proteins. Vaccination and oncology gene therapy are also major fields of application of electrotransfer, whereas application to other organs such as liver, brain and cornea are expanding. Many published studies have shown that plasmid electrotransfer can lead to long-lasting therapeutic effects in various pathologies such as cancer, blood disorders, rheumatoid arthritis or muscle ischemia. DNA electrotransfer is also a powerful laboratory tool to study gene function in a given tissue.