gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ELIoT: enhancing LiFi for next-generation Internet of things (2022)

Abstract Communication for the Internet of things (IoT) currently is predominantly narrowband and cannot always guarantee low latency and high reliability. Future IoT applications such as flexible manufacturing, augmented reality and self-driving vehicles rely on sophisticated real-time processing in the cloud to which mobile IoT devices are connected. High-capacity links that meet the requirements of the upcoming 6G systems cannot easily be provided by the current radio-based communication infrastructure. Light communication, which is also denoted as LiFi, offers huge amounts of spectrum, extra security and low-latency transmission free of interference even in dense reuse settings. We present the current state-of-the-art of LiFi systems and introduce new features needed for future IoT applications. We discuss results from a distributed multiple-input multiple-output topology with a fronthaul using plastic optical fibre. We evaluate seamless mobility between the light access points and also handovers to 5G, besides low-power transmission and integrated positioning. Future LiFi development, implementation and efforts towards standardization are addressed in the EU ELIoT project which is presented here.
Evaluation of low-dose limits in 3D-2D rigid registration for surgical guidance (2014)

An algorithm for intensity-based 3D-2D registration of CT and C-arm fluoroscopy is evaluated for use in surgical guidance, specifically considering the low-dose limits of the fluoroscopic x-ray projections. The registration method is based on a framework using the covariance matrix adaptation evolution strategy (CMA-ES) to identify the 3D patient pose that maximizes the gradient information similarity metric. Registration performance was evaluated in an anthropomorphic head phantom emulating intracranial neurosurgery, using target registration error (TRE) to characterize accuracy and robustness in terms of 95% confidence upper bound in comparison to that of an infrared surgical tracking system. Three clinical scenarios were considered: (1) single-view image+guidance, wherein a single x-ray projection is used for visualization and 3D-2D guidance; (2) dual-view image+guidance, wherein one projection is acquired for visualization, combined with a second (lower-dose) projection acquired at a different C-arm angle for 3D-2D guidance; and (3) dual-view guidance, wherein both projections are acquired at low dose for the purpose of 3D-2D guidance alone (not visualization). In each case, registration accuracy was evaluated as a function of the entrance surface dose associated with the projection view(s). Results indicate that images acquired at a dose as low as 4 μGy (approximately one-tenth the dose of a typical fluoroscopic frame) were sufficient to provide TRE comparable or superior to that of conventional surgical tracking, allowing 3D-2D guidance at a level of dose that is at most 10% greater than conventional fluoroscopy (scenario #2) and potentially reducing the dose to approximately 20% of the level in a conventional fluoroscopically guided procedure (scenario #3).
<title>Signal Reconstruction From Fourier Transform Amplitude</title> (1983)

In this paper, we show that a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional sequence is uniquely specified under mild restrictions by its Fourier transform amplitude (magnitude and one bit of phase information). In addition, we develop a numerical algorithm to reconstruct a one-dimensional or multi-dimensional sequence from its Fourier transform amplitude. Reconstruction examples obtained using this algorithm are also provided.
Gradient porous electrode architectures for rechargeable metal-air batteries (2023)

A cathode for a metal air battery includes a cathode structure having pores. The cathode structure has a metal side and an air side. The porosity decreases from the air side to the metal side. A metal air battery and a method of making a cathode for a metal air battery are also disclosed.
Pattern recognition neural classifier for fall detection in rock climbing (2019)

From an athlete’s perspective, the identification of falls during rock climbing is of major importance. It constitutes a solid performance indicator, but more importantly, it could be used to trigger an instantaneous alarm to rescue teams, thus reducing the negative health consequences for the climber. In this context, an artificial neural network–based technique for fall detection during rock climbing is presented in this study. The output of this tool could be used for safety and performance monitoring purposes. The proposed method exploits a neural network for binary pattern recognition. This network is fed with a set of features extracted in real time from the acceleration and altitude signals acquired by means of a wearable device. The classifier is trained and validated with experimental datasets recorded during real climbing sessions of eight athletes through different route grades and conditions. This article illustrates the architecture of the proposed algorithm, feature extraction process, and evaluation of its accuracy. In addition, an analysis of the severity level of the detected falls is conducted. The method is able to identify real fall events with a high success rate, while yielding very few false positive indications of a fall.
Design, Synthesis, Anti-Varicella-Zoster and Antimicrobial Activity of (Isoxazolidin-3-yl)Phosphonate Conjugates of N1-Functionalised Quinazoline-2,4-Diones (2022)

Dipolar cycloaddition of the N-substituted <i>C</i>-(diethoxyphosphonyl)nitrones with <i>N</i><sup>3</sup>-allyl-<i>N</i><sup>1</sup>-benzylquinazoline-2,4-diones produced mixtures of diastereoisomeric 3-(diethoxyphosphonyl)isoxazolidines with a <i>N</i><sup>1</sup>-benzylquinazoline-2,4-dione unit at C5. The obtained compounds were assessed for antiviral and antibacterial activities. Several compounds showed moderate inhibitory activities against VZV with EC<sub>50</sub> values in the range of 12.63-58.48 µM. A mixture of isoxazolidines <i>cis</i>-<b>20c</b>/<i>trans</i>-<b>20c</b> (6:94) was found to be the most active against <i>B. cereus</i> PCM 1948, showing an MIC value 0.625 mg/mL, and also was not mutagenic up to this concentration.
<title>Verification watermarks on fingerprint recognition and retrieval</title> (1999)

Current 'invisible' watermarking techniques aim at producing watermarked data that suffer no or little quality degradation and perceptually identical to the original versions. The most common utility of a watermarked image is (1) for image viewing and display, and (2) for extracting the embedded watermark in subsequent copy protection applications. The issue is often centered on the robustness of the watermark for detection and extraction. In addition to robustness studies, a fundamental question will center on the utilization value of the watermarked images beyond perceptual quality evaluation. Essentially we have to study how the watermarks inserted affect the subsequent processing and utility of images, and what watermarking schemes we can develop that will cater to these processing tasks. This work focuses on the study of watermarking on images used in automatic personal identification technology based fingerprints. We investigate the effects of watermarking fingerprint images on the recognition and retrieval accuracy using a proposed invisible fragile watermarking technique for image verification applications on a specific fingerprint recognition system. We shall also describe the watermarking scheme, fingerprint recognition and feature extraction techniques used. We believe that watermarking of images will provided value-added protection, as well as copyright notification capability, to the fingerprint data collection processes and subsequent usage.
Measurement of a multi-pole encoder with a magnetic and coordinate measuring machine (2012)

In this work, the magnetic field and the geometry of a multi-pole encoder (pole wheel) are measured with a magnetic and coordinate measuring machine. First, the geometry of the pole wheel is scanned optically, and mechanical manufacturing tolerances are determined. Then, the magnetic field is measured relative to the geometry of the pole wheel. These results show the characteristic of the magnetic field of regular marks and of the reference mark (missing mark). This information is used to determine magnetic parameters of the pole wheel such as the remanence of the magnetized layer, or the angle between two regular marks. Moreover, the symmetry of the magnetic field is compared with the symmetry of the geometry of the pole wheel.
Immunophenotype of bone marrow-derived (left) and synovium-derived adherent cells (right) (2011)

<b>Copyright information:</b>Taken from "Transcriptional profiles discriminate bone marrow-derived and synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells"Arthritis Research &amp; Therapy 2005;7(6):R1304-R1315.Published online 20 Sep 2005PMCID:PMC1297577.Copyright © 2005 Djouad et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting of CD marker expression. Results are expressed as the mean fluorescence intensity ± standard error of the mean. One representative experiment out of six different samples of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (three normal, two osteoarthritis and one rheumatoid arthritis) and synovium mesenchymal stem cells (two rheumatoid arthritis, two osteoarthritis and two healthy) is shown. Control corresponds to the fluorescence due to the isotypic control. Immunofluorescence staining on cells in a monolayer using the monoclonal antibody specific for human prolyl-4-hydroxylase.
High-resolution velocity profile estimation with the scanning laser acoustic microscope (2003)

The authors introduce a technique for high-resolution velocity profile estimation with the scanning laser acoustic microscope (SLAM). In the past, the resolution of microscopic velocity profile was limited because the estimation process was based, in general, on interferometric data. Owing to a recent modification, the SLAM system is now equipped with a quadrature detector and is capable of holographic data acquisition. As a result, it is possible to measure quantitatively the two-dimensional phase distribution, which can be converted into the velocity profile. This technique consists of three major components. First, a phase error correction algorithm is used to remove the relative phase error from the holographic data samples. Subsequently, two-dimensional phase unwrapping on the corrected phase data is performed to obtain the exact phase distribution. Then the unwrapped phase variation can be converted into a quantitative profile of the propagation velocity. In addition to the detailed description of the algorithm, the authors demonstrate the accuracy and resolving capability of this velocity profile estimation technique with both test specimen and biological tissues samples.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A novel channel identification method for fast wireless communication systems (2002)

We present a novel dual channel identification approach for fast time-varying wireless communication systems. Unlike traditional channel methods that rely on training symbols, we propose a bent-pipe feedback mechanism which requires the mobile unit to send portions of its received signal back to the transmitter for wireless channel identification. Using a filter-bank decomposition concept, we introduce an effective algorithm that can identify both the forward and the reverse channels based only on this feedback information without reverse-link training. This new method has great potential in the design of future high data rate wireless communication systems.
The Airway Transcriptome as a Biomarker for Early Lung Cancer Detection (2018)

Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related death due to its advanced stage at diagnosis. Early detection of lung cancer can be improved by better defining who should be screened radiographically and determining which imaging-detected pulmonary nodules are malignant. Gene expression biomarkers measured in normal-appearing airway epithelium provide an opportunity to use lung cancer-associated molecular changes in this tissue for early detection of lung cancer. Molecular changes in the airway may result from an etiologic field of injury and/or field cancerization. The etiologic field of injury reflects the aberrant physiologic response to carcinogen exposure that creates a susceptible microenvironment for cancer initiation. In contrast, field cancerization reflects effects of "first-hit" mutations in a clone of cells from which the tumor ultimately arises or the effects of the tumor on the surrounding tissue. These fields might have value both for assessing lung cancer risk and diagnosis. Cancer-associated gene expression changes in the bronchial airway have recently been used to develop and validate a 23-gene classifier that improves the diagnostic yield of bronchoscopy for lung cancer among intermediate-risk patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that these lung cancer-related gene expression changes extend to nasal epithelial cells that can be sampled noninvasively. While the bronchial gene expression biomarker is being adopted clinically, further work is necessary to explore the potential clinical utility of gene expression profiling in the nasal epithelium for lung cancer diagnosis, lung cancer risk assessment, and precision medicine for lung cancer treatment and chemoprevention. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 24(13); 2984-92. ©2018 AACR</i>.
Thermal Design for Probe Transformation of Phase Change Vias (2008)

Thermal cycling of chalcogenide materials (Ge2Sb2Te5 or GeSb for example) causes switching between two electrical resistance levels in the materials. This is the basis of PC memory, and offers the possibility of use for programmable signal switching in electronic systems as well. Here we propose a design for connection topology, using dual tip AFM-type probes. The design subdivides a single phase change via into a parallel array of three-terminal sub-vias which are well-suited to addressing with probes. This sub-division reduces required power and current to acceptable levels. Experimental inputs to the model were extracted from two sources. First, current levels were limited to levels that have previously been shown possible to deliver with AFM tips. Secondly, measurements of PC resistance as a function of cooling time were used to determine required heat sinking of the sub-via structures.
Inhibitory effects of oroxylin A on endothelial protein C receptor shedding in vitro and in vivo (2014)

Lysozyme protects us from the ever-present danger of bacterial infection and binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) with high affinity. Beyond its role in the activation of protein C, the endothelial cell protein C receptor (EPCR) plays an important role in the cytoprotective pathway. EPCR can be shed from the cell surface, which is mediated by tumor necrosis factor-α converting enzyme (TACE). However, little is known about the effects of lysozyme on EPCR shedding. We investigated this issue by monitoring the effects of lysozyme on phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA)-, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-, interleukin (IL)-1β-, and cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-mediated EPCR shedding and underlying mechanism. Data demonstrate that lysozyme induced potent inhibition of PMA-, TNF-α-, IL-1β-, and CLP-induced EPCR shedding. Lysozyme also inhibited the expression and activity of PMA-induced TACE in endothelial cells. These results demonstrate the potential of lysozyme as an anti-EPCR shedding reagent against PMA-mediated and CLP-mediated EPCR shedding.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Novel Nonsteroidal Progesterone Receptor Antagonists Based on Cyclocymopol Monomethyl Ether (1996)

A novel class of nonsteroidal progesterone receptor antagonists has been synthesized and was shown to exhibit moderate binding affinity for hPR-A, the ability to inhibit the transcriptional activity of human progesterone receptor (hPR) in cell-based assays, and anti-progestational activity in a murine model. Cyclocymopol monomethyl ether, a component of the marine alga Cymopolia barbata was weakly active in random screening against PR. Investigations into the SAR surrounding the core of this natural product lead structure resulted in improved in vitro activity. In contrast to the cross-reactivity profiles observed with known steroidal antiprogestins, compounds of the general structural class described display a high degree of selectivity for the progesterone receptor and no functional activity on the glucocorticoid receptor.
Structure‐Function Relationships of Growth Hormone and Other Members of the Growth Hormone Gene Family (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are: Studies Using Growth Hormone Fragments Multiple Activities of Growth Hormone Crystal Structure Studies Regarding Disulfide Bonds Homologue/Alanine Scanning as A Means of Defining Biologically Active Domains The Third α‐Helix Mutagenesis of the Growth Hormone Gene Encoding α‐Helix 3 and Transgenic Mouse Studies Importance of the Amphiphilicity of the Third α‐Helix Designing a Growth Hormone Analogue with a Perfect Amphiphilic α‐Helix Systematic Substitution Mutations in the Hydrophilic Region of the Third α‐Helix of Bovine Growth Hormone Growth Hormone Antagonists Pegylated Growth Hormone Antagonists as Therapeutic Agents Finding of One Growth Hormone/Two Growth Hormone‐Binding Proteins Mutagenesis Studies on the Prolactin Gene Concluding Remarks
Pre-design empiricism for information visualization (2014)

Empirical study can inform visualization design, both directly and indirectly. Pre-design empirical methods can be used to characterize work practices and their associated problems in a specific domain, directly motivating design choices during the subsequent development of a specific application or technique. They can also be used to understand how individuals, existing tools, data, and contextual factors interact, indirectly informing later research in our community. Contexts for empirical study vary and practitioners should carefully consider finding the most appropriate methods for any given situation. This paper discusses some of the challenges associated with conducting pre-design studies by way of four illustrative scenarios, highlighting the methods as well as the challenges unique to the visualization domain. We encourage researchers and practitioners to conduct more pre-design empirical studies and describe in greater detail their use of empirical methods for informing design.
Ensemble Wrapper Subsampling for Deep Modulation Classification (2021)

Subsampling of received wireless signals is important for relaxing hardware requirements as well as the computational cost of signal processing algorithms that rely on the output samples. We propose a subsampling technique to facilitate the use of deep learning for automatic modulation classification in wireless communication systems. Unlike traditional approaches that rely on pre-designed strategies that are solely based on expert knowledge, the proposed data-driven subsampling strategy employs deep neural network architectures to simulate the effect of removing candidate combinations of samples from each training input vector, in a manner inspired by how wrapper feature selection models work. The subsampled data is then processed by another deep learning classifier that recognizes each of the considered 10 modulation types. We show that the proposed subsampling strategy not only introduces drastic reduction in the classifier training time, but can also improve the classification accuracy for the considered dataset. An important feature herein is exploiting the transferability property of deep neural networks to avoid retraining the wrapper models and obtain superior performance through an ensemble of wrappers over that possible through solely relying on any one of them.
Flight Testing WAAS for Use in Closely Spaced Parallel Approaches (1999)

In good weather, San Francisco International Airport can
support approximately 60 landings per hour on its two par-allel
runways which are 750 ft apart; however, current
navigation and surveillance systems lack the accuracy
required for two aircraft to fly through clouds in such close
proximity. During even fairly benign instrument meteoro-logical
conditions, the airport degrades to a one-runway
operation, the landing rate drops to 30 per hour, an air-borne
traffic jam ensues, and many passengers become
restless. (ILS) for this task is due to the angular nature of its radio
beam, typically 3 to 6 deg wide. Farther away from the
runway, the resolution of the aircraft's absolute position
accuracy degrades; for landings on parallel runways, the
two ILS approach beams will eventually overlap some-where
on the approach. Special equipment and procedures
can allow parallel instrument approaches to runways as lit-tle
as 3400 ft apart; however, these solutions are expensive
and are not applicable to airports such as San Francisco
with 750 ft runway spacing.
GPS positioning from the Wide Area Augmentation Sys-tem
(WAAS) can be used to create straight instrument
approach corridors that are free of the angular dependence
ILS. These high-accuracy parallel approaches do not
overlap and navigational separation is possible, even far
from touchdown. A prototype WAAS-based avionics suite
was built at Stanford University and flight tested at Mof-fett
Federal Airfield in the fall of 1998 onboard a Beech-craft
Queen Air. Pilots flew 27 approaches using the
needle-based Course Deviation Indicator (CDI) as well as
3-D tunnel-in-the-sky” display. Data was gathered on
flight technical error (FTE), the pilot's guidance-following
accuracy and navigation sensor error (NSE), the accuracy
the WAAS-derived guidance. Pilots flew the WAAS-based
corridor approaches with less deviation from center-line
than that of the ILS approaches. Additional data
shows that using a tunnel-in-the-sky display dramatically
reduced FTE both horizontally and vertically. Finally, sta-tistical
models were generated for both horizontal and ver-tical
FTE that may be used in computational models of
aircraft approach trajectories.
Overlay sampling optimization by operating characteristic curves empirically estimated (2010)

Operating Characteristic (OC) curves, which are probabilities of lot acceptance as a function of fraction defective p, are powerful tools for visualizing risks of lot acceptance errors. The authors have used OC curves for the overlay sampling optimization, and found that there are some differences in probability of acceptance between theoretical calculation and empirical estimation. In this paper, we derive a theoretical formulation of the probability of acceptance for several simple cases by decomposing overlay errors, and show that the origin of the differences is the use of stratified sampling in overlay inspection.
Monitoring the CNS Pathology in Aspartylglucosaminuria Mice (1998)

Aspartylglucosaminuria (AGU) is a recessively inherited lysosomal storage disorder caused by the deficiency of the aspartylglucosaminidase (AGA) enzyme. The hallmark of AGU is slowly progressing mental retardation but the progression of brain pathology has remained uncharacterized in humans. Here we describe the long-term follow-up of mice carrying a targeted AGU-mutation in both alleles. Immunohistochemistry, histology, electron microscopy, quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and behavioral studies were carried out to evaluate the CNS affection of the disease during development. The lysosomal storage vacuoles of the AGA -/- mice were most evident in central brain regions where MRI also revealed signs of brain atrophy similar to that seen in the older human patients. By immunohistochemistry and MRI examinations, a subtle delay of myelination was observed in AGA -/- mice. The life span of the AGA -/- mice was not shortened. Similar to the slow clinical course observed in human patients, the AGA -/- mice have behavioral symptoms that emerge at older age. Thus, the AGU knock-out mice represent an accurate model for AGU, both histopathologically and phenotypically.