gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
2734 A New Evaluation Method of Blanking Characteristics of Polymer Sheets (2007)

In this study, a new simplified blanking testing method for polymer sheets is proposed to evaluate the blanked edge quality and the blanking and piercing characteristics of the sheet. In this method, a proposed blanked shape contains various concave and convex curved shapes and different clearances in one blank. Observing and evaluating the blanked edges can estimate optimum blanking and piercing conditions to obtain good blanked edge quality. Polycarbonate (PC) sheet with 0.8mm thickness was used as a blank tested. As a result, the results of the simplified blanking evaluation test show the effectiveness of the testing method.
The influence of push-off timing in a robotic ankle-foot prosthesis on the energetics and mechanics of walking (2015)

Prosthesis push-off timing, isolated from push-off work, strongly affected metabolic rate, with optimal timing at or after intact-side heel contact. Increased thigh muscle activation and increased human variability appear to have caused the lack of reduction in metabolic rate when push-off was provided too early. Optimal timing with respect to opposite heel contact was not different from normal walking, but the trends in metabolic rate and center-of-mass mechanics were not consistent with simple model predictions. Optimal push-off timing should also be characterized for individuals with amputation, since meaningful benefits might be realized with improved timing.
Nanostructured Biodegradable Polymer Composites Generated Using Lyotropic Liquid Crystalline Media (2007)

In tissue engineering applications the physical properties and degradation behavior of the designed synthetic scaffold are crucial for successful growth and function of desired tissue. Combining two or more biodegradable polymers into a single biomaterial composite may provide a pathway toward achieving new and highly tailorable biomaterial properties by taking advantage of the distinct properties from each blend component. In this work, a nanostructured lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) was used to induce miscibility between blends of two immiscible biodegradable polymer systems, leading to the formation of a compatible composite with advanced properties. The physical properties and degradative behavior of biomaterials made from formulations of PLA-b-PEG-b-PLA dimethacrylate, caprolactone dimethacrylate, and ethyloxy succinate dimethacrylate were directly controlled using the composition of each material, demonstrating that a high degree of compatibility can be attained from immiscible biopolymer systems using the LLC polymerization template. Specifically, by initially confining the immiscible monomers into the nanometer scale domains of the liquid crystal, composite materials were formed upon cross-linking that demonstrated IPN-type behavior with linear or additive contributions from each biopolymer constituent. The use of a nanostructured LLC to compatibilize immiscible biodegradable monomers represents a significant advancement in the formation of cross-linked biocomposites with highly tailorable properties for tissue engineering applications.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Approach to Oligocyclopropane Structural Units. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Achterbahn Stream Cipher (2005)

Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Abriefdescriptionofthekeystreamgenerator............. 3 2 Preliminaries 4 3 Detailed description of the keystream generator 8 3.1 TheBooleancombiningfunction..................... 8 3.2 Thefeedbackshiftregisters ....................... 9 3.3 Thelinearfeedforwardfunctions..................... 11 3.4 Linearcomplexityandperiodofthekeystream............. 14 3.5 Thereducedkeystreamgenerator .................... 16 4 The key-loading algorithm 17 5 Security properties 20 6 Parallel implementation 21 7 Comparison of hardware designs 23 7.1 Areaandpower.............................. 23 7.2 Throughput ................................ 24 7.3 Implementatione#ciency ........................ 25 7.4 Scalability ................................. 25 7.5 Discussion................................. 25 8 Mathematical Background 29 9Conclusion 38 1 Introduction The proposed stream cipher Achterbahn is a binary additive stream cipher. In a binary additive stream ci
Spirochetes: Borrelia and Brachyspira (2016)

Spirochete infections of birds are caused by helical-shaped bacteria of the order Spirochaetales, family Spirochaetaceae. Two distinct syndromes exist because of differences in spirochete colonization, pathogenesis, and lesion production; non-relapsing, tickbourne, acute septicemic borreliosis caused by Borrelia anserina; and subacute-to-chronic intestinal disorders of varying severity caused by a divese group of spirochetes of the genus Brachyspira.
Aminoazopolymers with the Capability of Photoinduced Immobilization Developed for Protein Arrays with Low Photoluminescence (2008)

We synthesized polymers containing three different kinds of azobenzene moiety, namely, 4-amino-4'-nitroazobenzene (NO2-azopolymer), 4-amino-4'-cyanoazobenzene (CN-azopolymer), and aminoazobenzene (H-azopolymer), and investigated them for application in high-performance protein arrays with the capability of photoinduced immobilization. Proteins can be immobilized on the surfaces of all these azopolymers by irradiation with visible light, and their functionality can be maintained once they are immobilized on the surface. We compared the detection limits for the fluorescent dyes Cy5 and Cy3 on films of the azopolymers. Of the three, the H-azopolymer showed the highest sensitivity for detection of both fluorescent dyes, with detection limits of about 5 pg/mL for each dye. We estimated the inherent fluorescence intensity of the azopolymer films and confirmed that the inherent fluorescence of each azopolymer moiety was the main factor affecting the detection limit.
Maskless RGB color patterning of vacuum-deposited small molecule OLED displays by diffusion of luminescent dopant molecules (2015)

A maskless RGB color patterning technique based on diffusion of luminescent dopant molecules is proposed here for vacuum-deposited small molecule OLED displays. The proposed maskless color patterning technique enables us to overcome challenging issues in OLED display manufacturing arising from shadow mask limitations. This approach utilizes selective diffusion of luminescent dopant molecules from a donor substrate to an acceptor substrate. Results show that sufficiently high doping levels can be achieved through this technique and that devices with performance similar to those produced by standard co-deposition can be easily produced. Red, green and blue OLEDs are successfully fabricated side by side on one substrate using this technique.
The evolution of IBM high performance cooling technology (2002)

This paper provides a perspective and review of the evolution of high performance cooling technology that has been developed and used in IBM medium and large-scale computers over the past 25 years. Package cooling technology and its evolution, leading to the development of the Thermal Conduction Module (TCM) is described. The development of air cooling technology is discussed; along with enhancements using turbulators, air-to-liquid heat exchangers, and impinging flow. The development of water cooling and direct liquid immersion technology is also covered.
Optimizing VLSI Implementation with Reinforcement Learning - ICCAD Special Session Paper (2021)

Reinforcement learning (RL) has gained attention recently as an optimization algorithm for chip design. This method treats many chip design problems as Markov decision problems (MDPs), where design optimization objectives are converted into rewards given by the environment and design variables are converted into actions provided to the environment. Some recent examples include applications of RL to macro placement and standard cell layout routing. We believe RL can be applied to nearly all aspects of VLSI implementation flows, since many VLSI implementation problems are often NP-complete and state-of-art algorithms cannot be guaranteed to be optimal. With enough training data, it is possible to achieve better results with RL. In this paper we review recent advances in applying RL to VLSI implementation problems such as cell layout, synthesis, placement, routing and parameter tuning. We discuss the challenges of applying RL to VLSI implementation flows and propose future research directions for overcoming these challenges.
On the role of linear precoding in signal processing for wireless (2002)

Summary form only given. Linear precoding (LP) is a useful signal processing tool for coping with frequency-selective propagation channels encountered with high-rate wireless block transmissions. LP is important for single- and multi-carrier (OFDM) systems, and has links with error-control coding. It has features for both point-to-point and multiple access links, with emphasis placed on the generalized multicarrier CDMA. Novel ideas of block-spreading and chip-interleaving are also of interest.
Surgical Force Signatures (1999)

Abstract : The current project aimed to improve the scientific understanding of the biomechanics and human factors of surgery. Two interfaces out of the three that exist in minimally invasive surgery were studied: (1) endoscipic tool-tip I tissue and (2) surgeon hand I endoscopic tool. The first task involved development of an endoscopic surgical grasper with computer control and a force feedback (haptic) user interface.
Nature of the Light-Induced H+ Efflux and Na+ Uptake in Cyanobacteria (1989)

We investigated the nature of the light-induced, sodium-dependent acidification of the medium and the uptake of sodium by Synechococcus. The rate of acidification (net H(+) efflux) was strongly and specifically stimulated by sodium. The rates of acidification and sodium uptake were strongly affected by the pH of the medium; the optimal pH for both processes being in the alkaline pH range. Net proton efflux was severely inhibited by inhibitors of adenosine triphosphatase activity, energy transfer, and photosynthetic electron transport, but was not affected by the presence of inorganic carbon (C(i)). Light and C(i) stimulated the uptake of sodium, but the stimulation by C(i) was observed only when C(i) was present at the time sodium was provided. Amiloride, a potent inhibitor of Na(+)/H(+) antiport and Na(+) channels, stimulated the rate of acidification but inhibited the rate of sodium uptake. It is suggested that acidification might stem from the activity of a light dependent proton excreting adenosine triphosphatase, while sodium transport seems to be mediated by both Na(+)/H(+) antiport and Na(+) uniport.
Induction of mucosal healing in mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis in patients treated with MMX mesalamine: established versus newly diagnosed disease (2009)

MMX mesalamine is a once daily (QD), oral formulation of 5-aminosalicylic acid for the induction and maintenance of remission of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis (UC). MMX mesalamine utilizes MMX Multi Matrix System® (Cosmo S.p.A., Milan, Italy) technology to delay and extend delivery of mesalamine (1.2g/tablet) throughout the colon. The induction of clinical and endoscopic remission with this formulation has been demonstrated during two 8-week, phase III trials. Here, we examine the ability of MMX mesalamine to induce mucosal healing in patients with recently diagnosed UC, compared with patients who had a longer duration of disease and a history of clinical relapse. Data from the two 8-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III induction of remission studies by Lichtenstein et al. (2007)1 and Kamm et al. (2007)2, were combined. In these trials the same entry criteria and endpoints were applied, and patients with mild-to-moderate UC (modified UC Disease Activity Index [UC-DAI] score: 4-10) received MMX mesalamine 2.4g/d (QD or twice daily), 4.8g QD, or placebo. In this analysis, we examined that rate of mucosal healing (defined as a modified UC-DAI sigmoidoscopy score of 1 or less [patients with mucosal friability were assigned a score of at least 2]) among patients with less than 1 year disease duration, and patients with 1 or more year disease duration with 3 or more relapses in the last 2 years prior to study entry. In total, 340 patients were eligible for analysis in one of the study subgroups. Regardless of recently diagnosed disease or established disease, a greater proportion of patients who received MMX mesalamine achieved mucosal healing compared with placebo (Table). Proportion of patients who achieved clinical and endoscopic remission at Week 8. Proportion of patients who achieved clinical and endoscopic remission at Week 8. MMXmesalamine therapy (2.4 of 4.8g/d) effectively achieved mucosal healing in patients with mild-to-moderate UC regardless of their disease history.MMX mesalamine 4.8g/d appeared to be highly effective for inducing mucosal healing in patients with recently diagnosed disease in particular. Research funded by Shire Pharmaceuticals Inc., Wayne, PA, USA
- Tactile Sensing and Tactile Imaging in Detection of Cancer (2012)

Since Hippocrates, the human sense of touch has been the most prevalent and successful medical diagnostic technique. A great variety of diseases were diagnosed through tactile sensing including detection of malignant tumors. Hippocrates in 400 B.C. wrote as follows: “… Such swellings as are soft, free from pain, and yield to the nger, … and are less dangerous than the others. … then, as are painful, hard, and large, indicate danger of speedy death; but such as are soft, free of pain, and yield when pressed with the nger, are more chronic than these…” [28].
Controlling the Remixing of Separated Dialogue with a Non-Intrusive Quality Estimate (2021)

Remixing separated audio sources trades off interferer attenuation against the amount of audible deteriorations. This paper proposes a non-intrusive audio quality estimation method for controlling this trade-off in a signal-adaptive manner. The recently proposed 2f-model is adopted as the underlying quality measure, since it has been shown to correlate strongly with basic audio quality in source separation. An alternative operation mode of the measure is proposed, more appropriate when considering material with long inactive periods of the target source. The 2f-model requires the reference target source as an input, but this is not available in many applications. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are trained to estimate the 2f-model intrusively using the reference target (iDNN2f), non-intrusively using the input mix as reference (nDNN2f), and reference-free using only the separated output signal (rDNN2f). It is shown that iDNN2f achieves very strong correlation with the original measure on the test data (Pearson <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$\rho =0.99$</tex> ), while performance decreases for nDNN2f (ρ ≥ 0.91) and rDNN2f (ρ ≥ 0.82). The non-intrusive estimate nDNN2f is mapped to select item-dependent remixing gains with the aim of maximizing the interferer attenuation under a constraint on the minimum quality of the remixed output (e.g., audible but not annoying deteriorations). A listening test shows that this is successfully achieved even with very different selected gains (up to 23 dB difference).
Combination era, using combined vasopressors showed benefits in treating septic shock patients: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2019)

Single dopamine had significantly higher 28d mortality. Combination regimens of vasopressors accounted for the best three therapeutic regimens. In treating patients with septic shock, using combining regimens probably gets more benefits.
Capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation and membrane fluidity changes are impaired in the spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic patients (2005)

Sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation has been associated with capacitation, motility changes, zona binding, and fertilizing ability. We previously demonstrated that gradient-isolated human sperm subpopulations differ in their plasma membrane composition, their ability to phosphorylate proteins in tyrosine residues, and their capacity to undergo hyperactivation. In this study, we have characterized capacitation-associated changes in protein tyrosine phosphorylation and membrane fluidity in spermatozoa of asthenozoospermic and normozoospermic patients consulting for infertility. Semen samples were studied at baseline and after a capacitating incubation with or without the addition of a permeable cAMP analog and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Basic sperm and computer-assisted motion parameters, hyperactivation, protein tyrosine phosphorylation (immunofluorescence and Western blot), and membrane fluidity (fluorescent Laurdan probe) were the main study parameters. In comparison with normozoospermic and proven-fertile donor semen, asthenozoospermic samples showed lower motility, velocity, and amplitude of lateral head displacement, both originally and after a 6-h capacitating incubation. Unlike those in normal samples, asthenozoospermic spermatozoa were unable to increase protein tyrosine phosphorylation during capacitation. Such impairment, however, was overcome when they were incubated with a membrane-permeable cAMP analog and a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, indicating a possible membrane defect. Confirming this hypothesis, plasma membranes of asthenozoospermic sperm showed decreased fluidity (increased Laurdan polarization), even after a capacitating incubation. In conclusion, spermatozoa from functional asthenozoospermic samples may owe their poor motility, and their inability to properly capacitate and develop hyperactivation, to an impairment in the tyrosine phosphorylation of critical proteins caused by decreased membrane fluidity. These findings suggest a molecular pathogenetic mechanism for a common seminal pathology associated with male infertility.
Solid-State Polymerization of Poly(bisphenol A carbonate) Facilitated by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide (2005)

During the solid state polymerization (SSP) of poly(bisphenol A carbonate), both the forward reaction rate constant and the phenol diffusion coefficient inside the polymer particle were significantly higher when SSP was carried out in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) compared to in atmospheric N2. These enhancements depended on the reaction conditions, and can be understood in terms of the CO2 concentrations in the polymer. Polymer with a Mw as high as 78100 has been synthesized by SSP with scCO2 as the sweep fluid.
The van Cittert-Zernike theorem in pulsed ultrasound-implications for ultrasonic imaging (2002)

A classical theorem of statistical optics, the van Cittert-Zernike theorem, is generalized to pulse-echo ultrasound. This theorem fully describes the second-order statistics of the spatial fluctuations (the spatial covariance) of the field produced by an incoherent source. As a random scattering medium is insonified, it behaves as an incoherent source. The van Cittert-Zernike theorem can thus predict the spatial covariance of the pressure field backscattered by a random medium. Experimental results obtained with a linear array are in good agreement with theoretical expectations. The implications of this theorem in speckle reduction and in focusing in nonhomogeneous media are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Hybrid assembly line design and user's preferences (2002)

The paper describes a new method to deal with the hybrid assembly line design, taking multiple objectives into account. It aims to assign a set of tasks to stations and to select the resources to perform each of them, while minimizing the total cost of the line and integrating design and operation issues. A grouping genetic algorithm was developed to solve the problem, hybridized with a branch-and-cut algorithm and the multicriteria decision-aid method PROMETHEE II. The study presents the method used for the allotment of tasks to stations and the determination of the assembly equipment used for each operation. It also introduces a manner to take into account user's preferences 'transparently' in multiple objective's design problems. The essential concepts adopted in this approach are described and the application of the algorithm to an industrial case study is presented.
Absence of cell surface fixation of a monoclonal antibody detectable by conventional immunoassays does not exclude expression of and interaction with the corresponding antigenic determinant (1984)

No specific binding of anti-HLA class I B.10.6 monoclonal antibody (mAb) could be demonstrated by cell surface radioimmunoassay and cytofluorographic studies at the surface of murine transformed L cells expressing HLA-A3 or Cw3 molecules. However, specific interaction of this antibody with these molecules at the surface of these transformed cells was indirectly established, since it inhibited specifically the binding to the same HLA class I molecules of other anti-HLA class I mAb. Therefore, the absence of detectable binding of mAb, in conventional immunoassays, does not exclude expression by these cells of the corresponding antigenic determinant.
PCEP Extensions for Establishing Relationships Between Sets of LSPs and Virtual Networks (2019)

This document describes how to extend Path Computation Element (PCE)
Communication Protocol (PCEP) association mechanism introduced by the
PCEP Association Group specification, to further associate sets of
LSPs with a higher-level structure such as a virtual network (VN)
requested by clients or applications. This extended association
mechanism can be used to facilitate virtual network control using PCE
architecture.
First-line stem cell transplantation from related donors compared to immunosuppressive treatment for acquired severe aplastic anaemia (2007)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Intervention). The objectives are as follows: To evaluate the effectiveness of stem cell transplantation from related donors compared to immunosuppression in the first‐line treatment of (very) severe aplastic anaemia and to assess the frequency and severity of undesired adverse effects.
Analgesia for Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Multimodal Pathway Featuring Peripheral Nerve Block (2006)

Patients undergoing total hip and knee arthroplasty experience substantial and sustained postoperative pain. Inadequate analgesia may impede physical therapy and rehabilitative efforts and delay hospital dismissal. Traditionally, postoperative analgesia after total joint replacement was provided by either intravenous patient-controlled analgesia or epidural analgesia. Each, however, had disadvantages as well as advantages. Peripheral nerve blockade of the lumbosacral plexus has emerged as an alternative analgesic approach. In several studies, unilateral peripheral block provided a quality of analgesia and functional outcomes similar to those of continuous epidural analgesia and superior to those of systemic analgesia, but with fewer side effects because of their opioid-sparing properties. Peripheral nerve block techniques may be the optimal analgesic method following total joint arthroplasty.