gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cosmology from MAXIMA-1, BOOMERANG, and COBE DMR Cosmic Microwave Background Observations (2001)

Recent results from BOOMERANG-98 and MAXIMA-1, taken together with COBE DMR, provide consistent and high signal-to-noise measurements of the cosmic microwave background power spectrum at spherical harmonic multipole bands over 2<l less similar to 800. Analysis of the combined data yields 68% (95%) confidence limits on the total density, Omega(tot) approximately 1.11+/-0.07 (+0.13)(-0.12), the baryon density, Omega(b)h(2) approximately 0.032(+0.005)(-0.004) (+0.009)(-0.008), and the scalar spectral tilt, n(s) approximately 1.01(+0.09)(-0.07) (+0.17)(-0.14). These data are consistent with inflationary initial conditions for structure formation. Taken together with other cosmological observations, they imply the existence of both nonbaryonic dark matter and dark energy in the Universe.
Discovery of a Novel Series of Orally Bioavailable and CNS Penetrant Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor (GLP-1R) Noncompetitive Antagonists Based on a 1,3-Disubstituted-7-aryl-5,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)-5,8-dihydropyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione Core (2017)

A duplexed, functional multiaddition high throughput screen and subsequent optimization effort identified the first orally bioavailable and CNS penetrant glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) noncompetitive antagonist. Antagonist 5d not only blocked exendin-4-stimulated insulin release in islets but also lowered insulin levels while increasing blood glucose in vivo.
DIAGNOSTIC BACTERIOPHAGE V32 AS A TOOL FOR THE RAPID IDENTIFICATION OF ESCHERICHIA COLI SEROGROUP O157 (2019)

Bacteriophage V32, a representative of bacterial viruses of the Myoviridae family Ounavirinae subfamily, is proposed for search and identification of E. coli O<sub>157</sub> serogroup, including Shiga-toxin producing E. coli O<sub>157</sub>:H<sub>7</sub> (STEC O<sub>157</sub>:H<sub>7</sub>), among cultures of enterobacteria from the primary seeding of the material studied. Phage genome containes a linear double-stranded DNA of 87875 base pairs with G/C-content of 38.9% and includes 132 open reading frames (ORF). In the genome, there are no determinants of antibiotic resistance, virulence genes of STEC and other well-known pathogroups of E. coli. It has been established that phage V32 has lytic activity against all studied cultures of E. coli O<sub>157</sub> serogroup (n=183) isolated from people and farm animals in various regions of the Russian Federation, as well as in Japan and Italy. At the same time, the phage lyses only 6 of 182 strains (3.3%) of E. coli not belonging to the O<sub>157</sub> serogroup and is not active against strains of other enterobacteria. That is, the phage has a high specificity. The use of bacteriophage V32 as a diagnostic tool is a highly efficient, fast, cheap and simple method for identifying E. coli serogroup O<sub>157</sub>, including the serotype E. coli O<sub>157</sub>: H<sub>7</sub>, in any bacteriological laboratory without special equipment and special training of performers.
Both entry to and exit from diapause arrest in Caenorhabditis elegans are regulated by a steroid hormone pathway (2022)

Diapause arrest in animals such as Caenorhabditis elegans is tightly regulated so that animals make appropriate developmental decisions amidst environmental challenges. Fully understanding diapause requires mechanistic insight of both entry and exit from the arrested state. Although a steroid hormone pathway regulates the entry decision into C. elegans dauer diapause, its role in the exit decision is less clear. A complication to understanding steroid hormonal regulation of dauer has been the peculiar fact that steroid hormone mutants such as daf-9 form partial dauers under normal growth conditions. Here, we corroborate previous findings that daf-9 mutants remain capable of forming full dauers under unfavorable growth conditions and establish that the daf-9 partial dauer state is likely a partially exited dauer that has initiated but cannot complete the dauer exit process. We show that the steroid hormone pathway is both necessary for and promotes complete dauer exit, and that the spatiotemporal dynamics of steroid hormone regulation during dauer exit resembles that of dauer entry. Overall, dauer entry and dauer exit are distinct developmental decisions that are both controlled by steroid hormone signaling.
High-efficiency microcolumn liquid chromatography separation and spectral characterization of nitrogen-containing polycyclics from fossil fuels (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-efficiency microcolumn liquid chromatography separation and spectral characterization of nitrogen-containing polycyclics from fossil fuelsClaudio. Borra, Donald. Wiesler, and Milos. NovotnyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1987, 59, 2, 339–343Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00129a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00129a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views54Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
(Invited) Proximity Gettering Design of Hydrocarbon Molecular Ion Implanted Silicon Wafers Using Direct Bonding Technique for Advanced CMOS Image Sensors: A Review (2018)

We developed high gettering capability silicon wafers for advanced CMOS image sensors using hydrocarbon molecular ion implantation and surface activated direct wafer bonding (SAB). We found that this novel wafer has three unique characteristics for the improvement of CMOS image sensor device performance. The first is metallic impurity gettering capability in the hydrocarbon ion implantation projection range during CMOS device fabrication. The second is the oxygen out-diffusion barrier effect; this wafer can control out-diffusion to the device active region from the CZ grown silicon substrate during CMOS device heat treatment. The third is the hydrogen passivation effect; hydrogen passivates to the Si/SiO2 gate oxide interface state defects which out-diffuse to the device active region from the hydrocarbon ion implantation projection range during the CMOS device fabrication. Moreover, we demonstrated that this novel wafer can improve the pn-junction leakage current under the actual device fabrication.
Modeling and Development of Passively Adaptive Assistive Tools for the Assembly of Press-Fit Components (2021)

Abstract This article discusses passive mechanical architectures for accuracy correction during assembly operations. A specific solution for passive force generation with thresholds is presented. Then, the kinematics of several rotational and translational mechanisms is presented. Afterwards, a case study is introduced and the design of a prototype is presented together with some tests performed on a spark plug assembly task.
Toward Feedback Control for Additive Manufacturing Processes Via Enriched Analytical Solutions (2018)

Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the fabrication of objects using successive additions of mass and energy. In this paper, we explore the use of analytic solutions to model the thermal aspects of AM, in an effort to achieve high computational performance and enable “in the loop” use for feedback control of AM processes. It is shown that the utility of existing analytical solutions is limited due to their underlying assumption of a homogeneous semi-infinite domain. These solutions must, therefore, be enriched from their exact form in order to capture the relevant thermal physics associated with AM processes. Such enrichments include the handling of strong nonlinear variations in material properties, finite nonconvex solution domains, behavior of heat sources very near boundaries, and mass accretion coupled to the thermal problem. The enriched analytic solution method (EASM) is shown to produce results equivalent to those of numerical methods, which require six orders of magnitude greater computational effort. It is also shown that the EASM's computational performance is sufficient to enable AM process feedback control.
Observation of optomechanical buckling phase transitions (2015)

Correlated phases of matter provide long-term stability for systems as diverse as solids, magnets, and potential exotic quantum materials. Mechanical systems, such as relays and buckling transition spring switches can yield similar stability by exploiting non-equilibrium phase transitions. Curiously, in the optical domain, observations of such phase transitions remain elusive. However, efforts to integrate optical and mechanical systems -- optomechanics -- suggest that a hybrid approach combining the quantum control of optical systems with the engineerability of mechanical systems may provide a new avenue for such explorations. Here we report the first observation of the buckling of an optomechanical system, in which transitions between stable mechanical states corresponding to both first- and second-order phase transitions are driven by varying laser power and detuning. Our results enable new applications in photonics and, given rapid progress in pushing optomechanical systems into the quantum regime, the potential for explorations of quantum phase transitions.
Data from Identification of CD25 as STAT5-Dependent Growth Regulator of Leukemic Stem Cells in Ph<sup>+</sup> CML (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; In chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML), leukemic stem cells (LSC) represent a critical target of therapy. However, little is known about markers and targets expressed by LSCs. The aim of this project was to identify novel relevant markers of CML LSCs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; CML LSCs were examined by flow cytometry, qPCR, and various bioassays. In addition, we examined the multipotent CD25&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; CML cell line KU812.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; In contrast to normal hematopoietic stem cells, CD34&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD38&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt; CML LSCs expressed the IL-2 receptor alpha chain, IL-2RA (CD25). STAT5 was found to induce expression of CD25 in Lin&lt;sup&gt;−&lt;/sup&gt;/Sca-1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/Kit&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; stem cells in C57Bl/6 mice. Correspondingly, shRNA-induced STAT5 depletion resulted in decreased CD25 expression in KU812 cells. Moreover, the BCR/ABL1 inhibitors nilotinib and ponatinib were found to decrease STAT5 activity and CD25 expression in KU812 cells and primary CML LSCs. A CD25-targeting shRNA was found to augment proliferation of KU812 cells &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and their engraftment &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in NOD/SCID-IL-2Rγ&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; mice. In drug-screening experiments, the PI3K/mTOR blocker BEZ235 promoted the expression of STAT5 and CD25 in CML cells. Finally, we found that BEZ235 produces synergistic antineoplastic effects on CML cells when applied in combination with nilotinib or ponatinib.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; CD25 is a novel STAT5-dependent marker of CML LSCs and may be useful for LSC detection and LSC isolation in clinical practice and basic science. Moreover, CD25 serves as a growth regulator of CML LSCs, which may have biologic and clinical implications and may pave the way for the development of new more effective LSC-eradicating treatment strategies in CML. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(8); 2051–61. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Insecticidal Activity of Pyridalyl: Acute and Sub-Acute Symptoms in Spodoptera litura Larvae (2004)

The insecticidal action of pyridalyl at various dosages against S. litura larva was observed. Larvae treated with 100 ng/larva and higher dosages were killed within 6 hr without any conspicuous symptoms. In contrast, larvae treated with 25 ng/larva and lower dosages showed unique symptoms similar to scar burns at the site treated with pyridalyl after molting. Such symptoms caused interference with metamorphosis, suggesting that pyridalyl would suppress populations of S. litura even at lower dose rates. Taking such unique insecticidal symptoms into consideration, it is suspected that pyridalyl has a novel biochemical mode of action. © Pesticide Science Society of Japan
Thioredoxin interacting protein (Txnip) is feedback regulator of S‐nitrosylation (2010)

Nitric oxide exerts a plethora of biological effects via protein S‐nitrosylation, a redox‐based reaction that converts a protein Cys thiol to a S‐nitrosothiol. However, while the regulation of protein S‐nitrosylation has been the subject of extensive study, much less is known about the systems governing protein denitrosylation. Most recently, thioredoxin/thioredoxin reductases were shown to mediate both basal and stimulus‐coupled protein denitrosylation. We now demonstrate that protein denitrosylation by thioredoxin is regulated dynamically by thioredoxin‐interacting protein (Txnip), a thioredoxin inhibitor. Endogenously synthesized nitric oxide represses Txnip, thereby facilitating thioredoxin‐mediated denitrosylation. Autoregulation of denitrosylation thus allows cells to survive nitrosative stress. Our findings reveal that denitrosylation of proteins is dynamically regulated, establish a physiological role for thioredoxin in protection from nitrosative stress, and suggest new approaches to manipulate cellular S‐nitrosylation.
Engineering Filamentous Fungi for Conversion of d -Galacturonic Acid to l -Galactonic Acid (2012)

D-Galacturonic acid, the main monomer of pectin, is an attractive substrate for bioconversions, since pectin-rich biomass is abundantly available and pectin is easily hydrolyzed. l-Galactonic acid is an intermediate in the eukaryotic pathway for d-galacturonic acid catabolism, but extracellular accumulation of l-galactonic acid has not been reported. By deleting the gene encoding l-galactonic acid dehydratase (lgd1 or gaaB) in two filamentous fungi, strains were obtained that converted d-galacturonic acid to l-galactonic acid. Both Trichoderma reesei Δlgd1 and Aspergillus niger ΔgaaB strains produced l-galactonate at yields of 0.6 to 0.9 g per g of substrate consumed. Although T. reesei Δlgd1 could produce l-galactonate at pH 5.5, a lower pH was necessary for A. niger ΔgaaB. Provision of a cosubstrate improved the production rate and titer in both strains. Intracellular accumulation of l-galactonate (40 to 70 mg g biomass(-1)) suggested that export may be limiting. Deletion of the l-galactonate dehydratase from A. niger was found to delay induction of d-galacturonate reductase and overexpression of the reductase improved initial production rates. Deletion of the l-galactonate dehydratase from A. niger also delayed or prevented induction of the putative d-galacturonate transporter An14g04280. In addition, A. niger ΔgaaB produced l-galactonate from polygalacturonate as efficiently as from the monomer.
EXTH-54. METFORMIN ACTS SYNERGISTICALLY WITH GALLIUM MALTOLATE TO INHIBIT THE PROLIFERATION OF GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS BY ACTION ON MITOCHONDRIAL FUNCTION (2017)

There is a vital need for new therapeutics to treat glioblastoma (GBM). Recently, we showed that gallium maltolate (GaM) inhibits the iron-dependent growth of GBM in vitro and in vivo. Here, we investigated whether metformin, an antidiabetic drug that can enter the brain, could potentiate the anti-GBM action of GaM. Adult D54 and U87-MG GBM cells were incubated with GaM and metformin, alone or in combination, for various times. Cell growth was measured by cytotoxicity assay. Drug synergy was calculated using Calcusyn computer program. Cellular mitochondrial function was measured using a Seahorse XFp Extracellular Flux Analyzer. Transferrin (Tf) receptor (TfR, iron uptake protein) and ferritin (Ftn, iron storage protein) levels were measured in GaM- and metformin–treated cells by 125I-Tf binding assay and Western blot. Metformin (0–2 mM) and GaM (0–100 µM)) individually inhibited the growth of U87 and D54 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In combination, the drugs inhibited cell growth with a Combination Index (CI) of <1, consistent with drug synergy. At 24 h of incubation, prior to a decrease in proliferation, GaM and metformin individually suppressed cellular oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and their combination further blocked cellular OCR, consistent with synergistic inhibition of mitochondrial function. Cellular H-Ftn levels were decreased by metformin and increased by GaM. Metformin and GaM increased TfR expression 2 -3 fold whereas their combination increased TfR by only 1.2-fold above control cells. Metformin synergistically enhances GaM’s activity against glioblastoma. Both drugs perturb tumor iron homeostasis, which leads to changes in iron uptake and storage proteins. Metformin inhibits mitochondrial complex 1, whereas GaM inhibits Fe-dependent mitochondrial function and ribonucleotide reductase. Together, they synergistically inhibit mitochondrial function and block cell proliferation in GBM. Further studies will examine the potential of combination metformin and GaM in an animal model.
Kinetics of the Emulsion Polymerization of Vinylidene Fluoride and Hexafluoropropylene (1999)

The kinetics of emulsion polymerization of vinylidene fluoride (VDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) has been investigated both experimentally and through the development of an appropriate model. Despite the practical relevance of this copolymer, information about the polymerization kinetics in the literature are rather scarce. A reasonable polymerization mechanism involves quite a number of kinetic parameters, which all need to be evaluated independently. This was obtained by running a limited number of polymerization reactions, but performing a rather accurate characterization of the polymer produced, including the polymerization rate, molecular weight, and chain end group distribution. These quantities allow for the reliable estimation of the involved kinetic parameters. The reliability of the developed model has been assessed by comparison with a second independent set of experimental data, where different operating conditions, in terms of pressure, initial concentration of the initiator, and chain-transfer agent, have been considered.
Positron study of defects in as-grown and plastically deformed GaAs:Te (1994)

Point defects were studied by positron-lifetime spectroscopy in highly Te-doped GaAs, in the as-grown state, and after plastic deformation. In as-grown GaAs:Te, positron trapping to vacancylike defects, supposed to be the compensating centers ${\mathrm{Te}}_{\mathrm{As}}$${\mathit{V}}_{\mathrm{Ga}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$, was observed. At low temperatures (T200 K), additional trapping is caused by shallow positron traps, probably by ${\mathrm{Ga}}_{\mathrm{As}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ antisite defects. In two differently deformed samples, additional defects were identified as microvoids, consisting of not less than ten vacancies. The dominating vacancy supply mechanism for vacancy agglomeration is the dragging of jogs on screw dislocations. The microvoids almost completely anneal after thermal treatment at 1075 K. The density of shallow traps increased after deformation by about one order of magnitude as a result of dislocation climb. These shallow traps additionally formed during plastic deformation exhibit the same positron binding energy, ${\mathit{E}}_{\mathit{b}}$=43 meV, as found in as-grown material. This part could be annealed at 1000 K, whereas the part of shallow traps originally present is determined by the nonstoichiometry and is therefore thermally stable. The density of the compensating centers remains almost unchanged after deformation. They are thermally stable up to 1075 K.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: misunderstandings between epithelial cells and fibroblasts? (2004)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a complex disease of unknown etiology which produces a progressive and irreversible destruction of the alveolar-capillary units leading ultimately to death from respiratory failure. For a long time the pathogenesis of the disease was attributed to an unresolved chronic alveolitis. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation does not play a major role in this disease, and that the pivotal pathogenic mechanisms include epithelial cell microinjuries/activation, and fibroblast migration, proliferation, and differentiation in myofibroblasts forming discrete foci in the injured areas. Active fibroblasts/myofibroblasts from these foci may in turn disturb alveolar re-epithelialization, by provoking basement membrane disruption and epithelial cell apoptosis finally resulting in exaggerated extracellular matrix accumulation. This aberrant repair process annihilates the lung architecture leading to the honeycomb remodeling.
Mycobacterial proliferation in macrophages is prevented by incubation with lymphocytes activated in vitro with a mycobacterial antigen complex (1991)

Antigen A60 from Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guérin was shown to trigger both humoral and cellular immune reactions. We explored the ability of A60 to block intracellular proliferation of phagocytosed mycobacteria with a model system involving peritoneal murine macrophages infected with Mycobacterium avium. Mixed lymphocytes from lymph nodes of mice inoculated with A60 hindered intracellular proliferation of this mycobacterium, owing to A60-specific cells, proliferation of which was induced in vitro in an antigen concentration-dependent manner. The lymphokines released by A60-stimulated T lymphocytes in vitro were identified as interleukin 2 (IL2) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma): their production showed a clear A60 dose dependence. When supernatants of such induced lymphocyte cultures were incubated with anti-IFN-gamma antibodies, macrophage activation was prevented, whereas anti-IL 2 immunoglobulin had little effect. Treatment of infected macrophages with recombinant IFN-gamma reduced intracellular proliferation of mycobacteria, while exogenous IL 2 and tumor necrosis factor were ineffective. Therefore, A60 elicits in vitro proliferation of T lymphocytes responding specifically to this antigen with production of IFN-gamma, which in turn activates macrophages and prevents multiplication of phagocytosed mycobacteria.