gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silicon Nanoparticles: Porous Silicon Nanoparticle Delivery of Tandem Peptide Anti‐Infectives for the Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Lung Infections (Adv. Mater. 35/2017) (2017)

In article number 1701527, Sangeeta N. Bhatia and co-workers engineer an antibacterial by fusing two peptide domains to target and kill bacteria and then encapsulate them in a biodegradable porous silicon nanoparticle. These nanomaterials kill bacteria and improve animal survival after treatment of a lung-infection model. This approach represents a new strategy for the development of antibacterials to combat the rising incidence of antibiotic resistance in the clinic.
A 3-D Wide Passband Frequency Selective Surface With Sharp Roll-Off Sidebands and Angular Stability (2021)

In this letter, a three-dimensional (3-D) wide passband frequency selective surface (FSS) is proposed. Compared with planar wide passband FSSs, 3-D structures usually present superior roll-off characteristics, especially under a lower frequency. However, 3-D wideband FSSs typically have greater insertion loss in the passband, and the transmission characteristic is sensitive to the angle of incident electromagnetic wave. The proposed FSS, by concurrently applying the design methods of planar FSSs and 3-D FSSs, provides sharp double roll-off sidebands while maintaining excellent angular stability and low insertion loss in a wide passband. The simulation results show that the designed FSS can achieve a passband range from 5.86 to 13.4 GHz with an insertion loss of less than 1 dB, and it can retain a stable transmission characteristic with the incident angle ranging from 0° to 45°. The proposed FSS is fabricated and measured in an anechoic chamber, and the measured results show that the fabricated FSS achieves a −3 dB passband from 5.33 to 14.5 GHz. Under different incident angles ranging from 0° to 45°, the FSS also features the lower and upper roll-off transition bandwidths of 6.4% and 4.7%, respectively.
Distributed model shaping for scaling to decentralized POMDPs with hundreds of agents (2011)

The use of distributed POMDPs for cooperative teams has been severely limited by the incredibly large joint policyspace that results from combining the policy-spaces of the individual agents. However, much of the computational cost of exploring the entire joint policy space can be avoided by observing that in many domains important interactions between agents occur in a relatively small set of scenarios, previously defined as coordination locales (CLs) [11]. Moreover, even when numerous interactions might occur, given a set of individual policies there are relatively few actual interactions. Exploiting this observation and building on an existing model shaping algorithm, this paper presents D-TREMOR, an algorithm in which cooperative agents iteratively generate individual policies, identify and communicate possible interactions between their policies, shape their models based on this information and generate new policies. D-TREMOR has three properties that jointly distinguish it from previous DEC-POMDP work: (1) it is completely distributed; (2) it is scalable (allowing 100 agents to compute a good joint policy in under 6 hours) and (3) it has low communication overhead. D-TREMOR complements these traits with the following key contributions, which ensure improved scalability and solution quality: (a) techniques to ensure convergence; (b) faster approaches to detect and evaluate CLs; (c) heuristics to capture dependencies between CLs; and (d) novel shaping heuristics to aggregate effects of CLs. While the resulting policies are not globally optimal, empirical results show that agents have policies that effectively manage uncertainty and the joint policy is better than policies generated by independent solvers.
X-ray imaging of a water bear offers a new look at tardigrade internal anatomy (2019)

The data presented herein demonstrate the utility of CT imaging as a powerful supplementary tool for studies of tardigrade anatomy, especially for quantitative volume measurements. This nanoCT study represents the smallest complete animal ever imaged using CT, and offers new 3D insights into the spatial relationships of the internal organs of water bears.
Flow distribution channels to control flow in process channels (2023)

The invention describes features that can be used to control flow to an array of microchannels. The invention also describes methods in which a process stream is distributed to plural microchannels.
Modulation and Detection for Simple Receivers in Rapidly Time-Varying Channels (2007)

We investigate the performance degradation of basic modulation schemes in a rapidly time-varying channel using a first-order autoregressive channel model. Various performance metrics are used to indicate the relative advantages of each modulation scheme. We find that noncoherent frequency-shift keying (FSK) is suitable for operating at very high mobility and high signal-to-noise ratio, ideal for some military applications. We then propose a partially coherent detector for FSK and differential phase-shift keying that exploits partial channel knowledge to enable the receiver to operate effectively in both fast and slow fading. The maximum-likelihood rule obtained for the partially coherent FSK turns out to be a linear combination of coherent and noncoherent detection rules. Results demonstrate that significant performance improvement can be achieved over the best of coherent and noncoherent FSK detection. The detector is robust to estimation errors present in the channel statistics. We also propose a few adaptive schemes that employ various combinations of modulation schemes to increase the robustness of the system in fast fading
Investigation of Methods for Selectively Reinforcing Aluminum and Aluminum-Lithium Materials (2013)

Several studies have indicated that selective reinforcement offers the potential to significantly improve the performance of metallic structures for aerospace applications. Applying high-strength, high-stiffness fibers to the high-stress regions of aluminum-based structures can increase the structural load-carrying capability and inhibit fatigue crack initiation and growth. This paper discusses an investigation into potential methods for applying reinforcing fibers onto the surface of aluminum and aluminum-lithium plate. Commercially-available alumina-fiber reinforced aluminum alloy tapes were used as the reinforcing material. Vacuum hot pressing was used to bond the reinforcing tape to aluminum alloy 2219 and aluminum-lithium alloy 2195 base plates. Static and cyclic three-point bend testing and metallurgical analysis were used to evaluate the enhancement of mechanical performance and the integrity of the bond between the tape and the base plate. The tests demonstrated an increase in specific bending stiffness. In addition, no issues with debonding of the reinforcing tape from the base plate during bend testing were observed. The increase in specific stiffness indicates that selectively-reinforced structures could be designed with the same performance capabilities as a conventional unreinforced structure but with lower mass.
Kinetic Study of Platelets and Fibrinogen in Lassa Virus-Infected Monkeys and Early Pathologic Events in Mopeia Virus-Infected Monkeys (1985)

The rhesus monkey, an established model of Lassa fever, was used to study hematologic and hemostatic aspects of Lassa fever and whether Mopeia (also known as Mozambique) virus induces any cellular damage in this model. Six days after subcutaneous injection of 10(3.48) plaque forming units (PFU) of Lassa virus (Josiah strain) one group of monkeys received an intravenous injection of 111In-labeled allogeneic platelets and another group received 125I-labeled alogeneic fibrinogen. Lassa virus-infected monkeys developed a severe clinical illness with high viremia and typical pathology. Lassa antigen was found in most tissues using a Lassa nucleocapsid-specific monoclonal antibody. Platelet counts remained within normal limits. Platelet and fibrinogen kinetics were similar in infected and control animals. Hematologic and hemostatic changes indicate that disseminated intravascular coagulation plays no role in this model of Lassa fever. Levels of plasma fibronectin were reduced in Lassa-infected monkeys. Mopeia virus-infected monkeys were normothemic, aviremic, and there was no detection of Mopeia antigen in any tissues using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies. Mopeia virus was recovered from the spleen of one monkey. Mopeia virus was associated with hepatocellular and renal tubular damage.
Electrochemical investigation of surface phenomena at a mercury electrode in vitamin B12a solution (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical investigation of surface phenomena at a mercury electrode in vitamin B12a solutionC. L. Schmidt and H. S. SwoffordCite this: Anal. Chem. 1979, 51, 12, 2026–2033Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50048a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50048a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification of receptor-binding domains on human interleukin 5 and design of an interleukin 5-derived receptor antagonist. (1995)

A detailed structure-function analysis of human interleukin 5 (hIL5) has been performed. The hIL5 receptor is composed of two different polypeptide chains, the alpha and beta subunits. The alpha subunit alone is sufficient for ligand binding, but association with the beta subunit leads to a 2- to 3-fold increase in binding affinity. The beta chain is shared with the receptors for IL3 and granulocyte/macrophage-colony-stimulating factor--hence the descriptor beta C (C for common). All hIL5 mutants were analyzed in a solid-phase binding assay for hIL5R alpha interaction and in a proliferation assay using IL5-dependent cell lines for receptor-complex activation. Most residues affecting binding to the receptor alpha subunit were clustered in a loop connecting beta-strand 1 and helix B (mutants H38A, K39A, and H41A), in beta-strand 2 (E89A and R91A; weaker effect for E90A) and close to the C terminus (T109A, E110A, W111S, and I112A). Mutations at one position, E13 (Glu13), caused a reduced activation of the hIL5 receptor complex. In the case of E13Q, only 0.05% bioactivity was detected on a hIL5-responsive subclone of the mouse promyelocytic cell line FDC-P1. Moreover, on hIL5-responsive TF1 cells, the same mutant was completely inactive and proved to have antagonistic properties. Interactions of this mutant with both receptor subunits were nevertheless indistinguishable from those of nonmutated hIL5 by crosslinking and Scatchard plot analysis of transfected COS-1 cells.
Incomplete reactions in nanothermite composites (2017)

Exothermic reactions between oxophilic metals and transition/ post transition metal-oxides have been well documented owing to their fast reaction time scales (≈ 10 μs). This article examines the extent of reaction in nano-aluminum based thermite systems through a forensic inspection of the products formed during reaction. Three nanothermite systems (Al/CuO, Al/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al/WO<sub>3</sub>) were selected owing to their diverse combustion characteristics thereby providing sufficient generality and breadth to the analysis. Microgram quantities of the sample were coated onto a fine platinum wire, which was resistively heated at high heating rates (≈ 10<sup>5</sup> K/s) to ignite the sample. The subsequent products were captured/quenched very rapidly (≈ 500 μs) in order to preserve the chemistry/morphology during initiation and subsequent reaction and were quantitatively analyzed using electron microscopy (EM), focused ion beam (FIB) cross-sectioning followed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Elemental examination of the cross-section of the quenched particles show oxygen predominantly localized in the regions containing aluminum, implying the occurrence of redox reaction. The Al/CuO system, which has simultaneous gaseous oxygen release and ignition (<i>T<sub>Ignition</sub></i> ≈ <i>T<sub>Oxygen Release</sub></i> ), shows substantially lower oxygen content within the product particles as opposed to Al/Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al/WO<sub>3</sub> thermites, which are postulated to undergo a condensed phase reaction (<i>T<sub>Ignition</sub></i> << <i>T<sub>Oxygen Release</sub></i> ). An effective Al:O composition for the interior section was obtained for all the mixtures, with the smaller particles generally showing higher oxygen content than the larger ones. The observed results were further corroborated with the reaction temperature, obtained using a high-speed spectro-pyrometer, and bomb calorimetry conducted on larger samples (≈ 15 mg). The results suggest that thermites that produce sufficient amounts of gaseous products generate smaller product particles and achieve higher extents of completion.
Maximum Gaussianity models for hyperspectral images (2008)

A traditional linear-mixing model with a structured background used in the hyperspectral imaging literature often assumes Gaussianity of the error term. This assumption is often questioned, but to the best of our knowledge, we are not aware of a definite answer on how well such a model may reflect the real hyperspectral images. One difficulty is in the correct identification of the background signatures. The lack of Gaussianity in the error term might be due to missing one of the significant background signatures. In this paper, we investigate this issue using an AVIRIS hyperspectral image. We obtain the projections of the pixel spectra on the orthonormal basis system obtained through the singular value decomposition, and then we measure their Gaussianity using three different methods. We identify the subspace for the structured part of the model based on two criteria - the contribution to the image variability and non-Gaussianity of the marginal distribution. The subspace orthogonal to the structured part of the model forms the subspace of residuals, which is then investigated for multivariate Gaussianity. The resulting model forms a reasonable approximation of the hyperspectral image, and can be successfully used in a variety of applications such as unmixing and target detection. At the same time, it is clear that further improvements are possible by better modeling of the error term distribution.
Thrombin Augments Vascular Cell-dependent Migration of Human Mast Cells: Role of MGF (1997)

Recent data suggest that auricular thrombosis is associated with accumulation of mast cells (MC) in the upper endocardium (where usually no MC reside) and local expression of MGF (mast cell growth factor) (25). In this study, the role of vascular cells, thrombin-activation and MGF, in MC-migration was analyzed. For this purpose, cultured human auricular endocardial cells (HAUEC), umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and uterine- (HUTMEC) and skin-derived (HSMEC) microvascular endothelial cells were exposed to thrombin or control medium, and the migration of primary tissue MC (lung, n = 6) and HMC-1 cells (human MC-line) against vascular cells (supernatants) measured. Supernatants (24 h) of unstimulated vascular cells (monolayers of endocardium or endothelium) as well as recombinant (rh) MGF induced a significant migratory response in HMC-1 (control: 3025 +/- 344 cells [100 +/- 11.4%] vs. MGF, 100 ng/ml: 8806 +/- 1019 [291 +/- 34%] vs. HAUEC: 9703 +/- 1506 [320.8 +/- 49.8%] vs. HUTMEC: 8950 +/- 1857 [295.9 +/- 61.4%] vs. HSMEC: 9965 +/- 2018 [329.4 +/- 66.7%] vs. HUVEC: 9487 +/- 1402 [313.6 +/- 46.4%], p < 0.05) as well as in primary lung MC. Thrombin-activation (5 U/ml, 12 h) of vascular cells led to an augmentation of the directed migration of MC as well as to a hirudin-sensitive increase in MGF synthesis and release. Moreover, a blocking anti-MGF antibody was found to inhibit MC-migration induced by unstimulated or thrombin-activated vascular cells. Together, these data show that endocardial and other vascular cells can induce migration of human MC. This MC-chemotactic signal of the vasculature is associated with expression and release of MGF, augmentable by thrombin, and may play a role in the pathophysiology of (auricular) thrombosis.
Ecological Complexity of Coral Recruitment Processes: Effects of Invertebrate Herbivores on Coral Recruitment and Growth Depends Upon Substratum Properties and Coral Species (2013)

We further substantiate that invertebrate herbivores play major roles in early settlement processes of corals and highlight the need for deeper understanding of ecological interactions modulating these effects. The absence of broadcast-spawning corals, even on a reef with consistently high coral cover, continues to expose the recruitment failure of these reef-building corals throughout the Caribbean.
Randomized Study to Evaluate Sirolimus-Eluting Stents Implanted at Coronary Bifurcation Lesions (2004)

These results are an improvement compared with historical controls using bare metal stents. Restenosis at the SB remains a problem. At this time, no statement can be made regarding the most appropriate technique to use when treating bifurcations with the Cypher stent.
An upper bound on the capacity of vector dirty paper with unknown spin and stretch (2013)

Dirty paper codes are a powerful tool for combating known interference. However, there is a significant difference between knowing the transmitted interference sequence and knowing the received interference sequence, especially when the channel modifying the interference is uncertain. We present an upper bound on the capacity of a compound vector dirty paper channel where although an additive Gaussian sequence is known to the transmitter, the channel matrix between the interferer and receiver is uncertain but known to lie within a bounded set. Our bound is tighter than previous bounds in the low-SIR regime for the scalar version of the compound dirty paper channel and employs a construction that focuses on the relationship between the dimension of the message-bearing signal and the dimension of the additive state sequence. Additionally, a bound on the high-SNR behavior of the system is established.
Elastic Scattering (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Analyzing proteomic expression in a clinical screening environment using mass spectrometry (2005)

The age of the ‘omics’ has clearly arrived in biochemical research and clinical chemistry laboratories. The impact of the first of these, genomics, is felt in the everyday practice of clinical and ...
Molecular Characterization of Enterotoxin-Producing Escherichia coli Collected in 2011–2012, Russia (2015)

Enterotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (ETEC) are one of the main causative agents of diarrhea in children especially in developing countries and travel diarrhoea in adults. Pathogenic properties of ETEC associated with their ability to produce a heat-stable (ST) and/or heat-labile (LT) enterotoxins, as well as adhesins providing bacterial adhesion to intestinal epithelial cells. This study presents the molecular characterization of the ETEC isolates collected from the Central and Far-Eastern regions of Russia in 2011-2012. It was shown that all ETEC under study (n=18) had the heat-labile enterotoxin-coding operon elt, and had no the genes of the heat-stable enterotoxin operon est. DNA sequencing revealed two types of nucleotide exchanges in the eltB gene coding subunit B of LT in isolates collected from Cherepovets city (Central region, Russia) and Vladivostok city (Far-East region, Russia). Only one ETEC strain carried genes cfaA, cfaB, cfaC and cfaD coding adhesion factor CFA/I. Expression of LT in four ETEC isolates in the agglutination reaction was detected using a latex test-system. The isolates were assigned to serogroups O142 (n = 6), О6 (n = 4), О25 (n = 5), О26 (n = 2), and O115 (n = 1). Genotyping showed that they belonged to an earlier described sequence-type ST4 (n = 3) as well as to 11 novel sequence-types ST1043, ST1312, ST3697, ST3707, ST3708, ST3709, ST3710, ST3755, ST3756, ST3757 and ST4509. The ETEC isolates displayed different levels of antimicrobial resistance. Eight isolates were resistant to only one drug, three isolates-to two drugs, one isolate-to three drugs, two isolates-to four antibacterials, and only one isolate to each of the five, six and ten antibacterials simultaneously. Genetic determinants of the resistance to beta-lactams and other classes of antibacterials on the ETEC genomes were identified. There are blaTEM (n = 10), blaCTX-M-15 (n = 1), class 1 integron (n = 3) carrying resistance cassettes to aminoglycosides and sulphonamides dfrA17-aadA5 and dfrA12-orfF-aadA2. One isolate ETEC_Ef-6 was found to be a multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen that carried both the beta-lactamase gene and class 1 integron. These data suggest the circulation of ETEC in Russia. Further investigations are necessary to study the spread of the revealed ETEC sequence types (STs) and serotypes. Their role in the etiology of diarrhea should be also estimated.
AtherosclerosisI:LDLCholesterol Lowering (2010)

Abstract Lowering LDL cholesterol in patients has been directly linked to lowering the incidence of cardiovascular disease and represents one of the most successful avenues of medicinal chemistry. This chapter discusses current drugs on the market and in development that effectively lower this key biomarker of heart disease. Mechanistic pathways presented are HMG‐CoA reductase inhibition, cholesterol absorption inhibition (NPC1L1 inhibition), and the use of bile acid sequestrants. New therapeutic targets, such as PCSK9, antisense apoB 100 and MTP inhibition, as well as combination therapy are also presented.