gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructural characterization and thermal stability of He charged amorphous silicon films prepared by magnetron sputtering in helium (2023)

Sputtering of silicon in a Helium magnetron discharge has been reported as a bottom-up procedure to obtain amorphous Si films containing high amounts of gas-filled nanopores. Here we compare the microstructure and composition of Si–He nanocomposite films deposited by magnetron sputtering (MS) with 4He in DC or RF and 3He in RF operation modes. Electron microscopy (SEM and TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and ion beam analysis (IBA) have been used to analyze the films and to investigate the in-situ and ex-situ thermal evolution. Depending on deposition conditions different in depth compositions, nanopore size and shape distributions, porosity and He content could be obtained. The presence of impurities (i.e. oxygen) has shown to promote He diffusivity reducing He accumulation. The start temperature of He-release varied in the range 473–723 K without films crystallization. Films grown in RF mode reached contents of 32 and 29 at% of 4He and 3He and were respectively stable up to 573 and 723 K both in vacuum and under inert gas flow. In-situ p-EBS (proton Elastic Back Scattering) allowed monitoring the He release accompanied by blistering/delamination effects visualized by SEM. These results show the potentiality of annealing to hold nano-porous structures after liberation of trapped gas.
Protein kinase inhibitor-induced endothelial cell cytotoxicity and its prediction based on calculated molecular descriptors (2009)

Protein kinase inhibitors (PKIs) as potent signal transduction therapeutic compounds represent a very rapidly expanding group of anticancer drugs. These agents may be toxic for endothelial cells, however, very few experimental data exist on the cytotoxicity of PKIs. The aim of this study was to set up an appropriate test system for endothelial cells and to assess the structure-related cytotoxic effects of a selected library of PKIs. The inhibitor library contains several lead molecules with different basic structures and a set of modified derivatives of the lead compounds. The toxicity of PKIs did not correlate directly with the structural features of the molecules. However, we successfully built up a model based on 15 calculated molecular descriptors, which is capable of predicting cytotoxicity with acceptable probability. Our results show that the cytotoxic effects of PKIs should be taken into account for optimal drug development to overcome endothelial cell-related side effects.
ENTOMOPHTHORA CRUSTOSA N. SP. AS A PATHOGEN OF THE FOREST TENT CATERPILLAR, MALACOSOMA DISSTRIA (LEPIDOPTERA: LASIOCAMPIDAE) (1979)

Abstract Entomophthora crustosa n. sp. pathogenic for Malacosoma species (principally M . disstria Hbn.), is described. It is characterized in the conidial state by a hymenial coating which, at maturity, forms a crust-like covering, cinnamon brown, over the surface of infected insects, and by conidial size. In the resting spore (zygospore) state the distinguishing attributes are ornamentation of the zygospores and their mode of development. The pathogen grows readily on coagulated egg-yolk media. The fungus is briefly compared with 10 other closely related Entomophthora species. Entomophthora crustosa seems to be of widespread occurrence in eastern North America.
The failure of CSMA in emerging wireless network scenarios (2014)

The current family of 802.11 protocols are based on the Carrier Sense Multiple Access (CSMA) mechanism which is a simple and robust means of sharing a channel. However, two current trends in wireless networks point towards a situation where CSMA fails to perform better than pure random access solutions such as ALOHA. The first trend is the ever increasing raw data rate in each generation of 802.11 which is set to continue with the current 802.11ax standardisation. The second is the move towards smaller frames as end users increasingly use mobile devices instead of desktop computers. We show that as the ratio of propagation delay to packet transmission time increases, the performance of CSMA degrades correspondingly, to the point where ALOHA outperforms CSMA.
Inherited Complement Deficiency States and Disease (1991)

Studies of inherited complement deficiency states in disease have provided a set of apparent biological facts relating to the protective importance of an intact complement system. While some of the findings seem to confirm what may have been expected on the basis of in vitro studies, other observations constitute a challenge to further investigation. In this presentation, basic findings with regard to deficiency of circulating complement proteins are briefly summarized, and some difficulties and issues of possible interest pointed out.
Recent improvements in SRI's keyword detection system for noisy audio (2014)

We present improvements to a keyword spotting (KWS) system that operates in highly adverse channel conditions with very low signal-to-noise ratio levels. We employ a system combination approach by combining the outputs of multiple large vocabulary continuous speech recognition (LVCSR) systems. These systems are complementary thanks to different design decisions across all levels of information: three speech activity detections systems; a wide range of front-end signal processing features (standard cepstral and filter-bank features, noise-robust features and multi-layer perceptron features); three statistical acoustic model types (Gaussian mixtures models, deep and convolutional neural networks); two keyword search strategies (wordbased and phone-based). We explore the scenario where the
Aromatic L‐Amino Acid Decarboxylase Is Modulated by D1 Dopamine Receptors in Rat Retina (1990)

Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AAAD) activity of rat retina increases when animals are placed in a lighted environment from the dark. The increase of activity can be inhibited by administering the selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF 38393, but not the selective D2 agonist quinpirole, or apomorphine. Conversely, in the dark, enzyme activity can be enhanced by administering the selective D1 antagonist SCH 23390 or haloperidol, but not the selective D2 antagonist (-)-sulpiride. Furthermore, in animals exposed to room light for 3 h, the D1 agonist SKF 38393 reduced retinal AAAD activity, and this effect was prevented by prior administration of SCH 23390. In contrast, quinpirole had little or no effect when administered to animals in the light. Kinetic analysis indicated that the apparent Vmax for the enzyme increases with little change in the apparent Km for the substrate 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine or the cofactor pyridoxal-5'-phosphate. We suggest that dopamine released in the dark tonically occupies D1 receptors and suppresses AAAD activity. When the room light is turned on, D1 receptors are vacated and selective D1 agonists can either prevent the rise of AAAD or reverse light-enhanced AAAD activity.
Comparing optimal battery warm-up strategies based on self-heating (2017)

The ability of Lithium-ion batteries to perform work decreases at low temperature of operation; a common strategy to improve their productivity is to warm them. In our recent works we have raised the need to study the energy-optimal warm-up of batteries. More recently, our work used battery temperature to determine if the battery has warmed up. The power capability of batteries is a more relatable and arguably useful means to terminate the warm-up process. This work builds upon its predecessors by using power capability as stopping condition, analyzes the problem and numerically solves the same. Subsequently, the relation between the minimumtime and minimum-energy warm-up problem formulations that employ temperature and power constraints to terminate warm-up are theoretically established.
Experimental verification of spectral grating interference in multiplexed volume holograms employed as broadband dispersive elements for solar concentrators (2013)

Using diverse bandgap photovoltaic cells can improve solar conversion efficiency, but these systems also require efficient dispersive optics to direct portions of the solar spectrum onto the appropriate optimized cells. We use an extended coupled-mode model to show how multiplexed volume gratings interact with one another reducing efficiency in the diffraction orders of interest as well as increasing stray light under certain conditions. We conducted experiments with multiplexed gratings in dichromated gelatin to verify our theory. This technique reveals effects that cannot be seen through superposition of single grating models, which suggests that multiplexed gratings must be treated simultaneously when designing such a system.
Long-term outcomes of coracoid bone block osteolysis: two case reports (2022)

Latarjet procedure is reliable and reproductible procedure for treatment of anterior shoulder instability. Results are durable but complications can occur: neurological injury, non-union, infection, stiffness, osteolysis of coracoide bone block, recurrence of dislocation, osteoarthritis. We present the case of two patients with complication not described in the literature: osteolysis of the neck of the scapula around screws discovered at 8 and 20 years after initial surgery. These patients presented with previous pain which motivated consultation. Imaging showed coracoid bone block osteolysis, extensive geode weakening articular surface of scapular glenoid, around screws which are not bi-cortical. Screws were removed, osteolysis was filled with iliac cancellous bone graft and joint capsule was re-tensioned. Results of this procedure at one year were clinical and radiological satisfactory.
Depth variation of energy transport in fluid gravity waves (2010)

We calculate the distribution of energy flux as a function of the distance below the surface for propagating polychromatic gravity fluid surface waves. Linear theory has been used to derive closed-form expressions for the energy flux as a function of depth. In this context we discuss the power distribution for real ocean waves measured off the west coast of Sweden and compare this to the energy flux distribution for waves with Pierson–Moskowitz and Bretschneider spectral distributions. This is done in order to get an improved understanding of how to improve the power absorption in wave energy converters, and this is also discussed in this paper.
Innovation in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac arrhythmias (2012)

The 11th International Dead Sea Symposium on Cardiac Arrhythmias and Device Therapy - the 20th Anniversary of the meeting - was held in Jerusalem, Israel on the 26-29 February 2012. The global meeting was conducted with the goal of providing a venue for a multidisciplinary approach to exchange knowledge in all areas related to arrhythmia care. In addition to presentations of original research and keynote lectures, special educational sessions were offered that included hands-on anatomy training and interesting case presentations. A series of innovations sessions included presentations by start-up companies and inventors, leveraging the venue's entrepreneurial environment.
Histamine Homologs as Potential Mechanism-Based Irreversible Inhibitors of Mammalian Diamine Oxidase (Suicide Inhibitors). (1984)

Diamine oxidase is an enzyme involved in two important metabolic pathways: polyamine metabolism via oxidation of putrescine and histamine metabolism via oxidation of the side chain amino group of histamine. In addition to its presence in some normal tissues, diamine oxidase has been found in significantly elevated levels in certain types of tumors such as medullary carcinoma of the thyroid and small cell carcinoma of the lung. The factors responsible for the increased diamine oxidase activity in such tumors have not been determined, nor is it known what physiological role, if any, this enzyme is playing in the tumors where it is so highly elevated. The goal of this investigation is the preparation of selective irreversible inhibitors of diamine oxidase for use in investigating the roles of this enzyme in normal and neoplastic tissue. Diamine oxidase is known to contain a carbonyl prosthetic group. Considerable circumstantial evidence indicates that the cofactor is a pyridoxal phosphate but this remains controversial. The mechanism is clearly pyridoxal-like, in which case, based on the extensive literature concerning suicide inhibition of pyridoxal enzymes, one would expect (beta)-fluoro and (beta),(gamma)-unsaturated amines to be suicide inhibitors of diamine oxidase. Furthermore, the necessary degree of selectivity required for these inhibitors might be achieved through a structural similarity to histamine, a natural substrate of diamine oxidase. Thus, we have prepared nine homologs of histamine containing acetylenic, mono-fluoro, vinyl, and vinyl halide moieties in the side chain. These compounds were tested in vitro with diamine oxidase and all were found to be reversible (competitive and non-competitive) inhibitors, with apparent K(,i)'s which range from .17-7.1 (mu)M. The following is a list of the histamine analogs which were prepared: (1) E-1{4(5)-imidazolyl}-3-aminopropene; (2) Z-1-{4(5)-imidazolyl}-3-aminopropene; (3) (beta)-fluorohistamine; (4) 1-{4(5)-imidazolyl}-2-fluoro-3-aminopropane; (5) 1-{4(5)-imidazolyl}-3-aminopropyne; (6) 2-{4(5)-imidazolyl}-3-aminopropene; (7) Z-1-bromo-2-{4(5)-imidazolyl}-3-aminopropene; (8) E-1-{4(5)-imidazolyl}-1-fluoro-3-aminopropene; (9) Z-1-{4(5)-imidazolyl}-1-fluoro-3-aminopropene.
Optimization of Low-Resistance State performance in Ge-rich GST phase change memory (2014)

In this paper, we propose a novel programming technique, named R-SET pulse, in order to optimize the Low-Resistance State (LRS) performance of Ge-rich phase change materials by overcoming the decrease of crystallization speed caused by Ge enrichment of Ge2Sb2Te5. The R-SET pulse is capable of bringing the cell to its LRS at a lower switching threshold voltage than in the case of conventional programming pulses, thus protecting the cell from potential current overshoots during switching. The functionality of the circuit conceived to generate the R-SET pulse, which operates on a time reference scheme, is discussed. Simulations highlight the tunability of the produced R-SET pulse characteristics.
Uplink Spectral Efficiency of Massive MIMO with Spatially Correlated\n Rician Fading (2018)

This paper considers the uplink (UL) of a multi-cell Massive MIMO\n(multiple-input multiple-output) system with spatially correlated Rician fading\nchannels. The channel model is composed of a deterministic line-of-sight (LoS)\npath and a stochastic non-line-of-sight (NLoS) component describing a spatially\ncorrelated multipath environment. We derive the statistical properties of the\nminimum mean squared error (MMSE) and least-square (LS) channel estimates for\nthis model. Using these estimates for maximum ratio (MR) combining, rigorous\nclosed-form UL spectral efficiency (SE) expressions are derived. Numerical\nresults show that the SE is higher when using the MMSE estimator than the LS\nestimator, and the performance gap increases with the number of antennas.\nMoreover, Rician fading provides higher achievable SEs than Rayleigh fading\nsince the LoS path improves the sum SE.\n
Supplementary Figure 5 from Identification and Characterization of NVP-BKM120, an Orally Available Pan-Class I PI3-Kinase Inhibitor (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 532K&lt;/p&gt;
A reporter assay for the next generation of biomaterials: Porous‐wall hollow glass microspheres (2013)

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Amphiphilic Approach for Preparing Homopolyrotaxanes of Poly(ethylene oxide) (1997)

A new concept was introduced for preparing homopolyrotaxanes that lack an enthalpic driving force for threading, and which are therefore truly a physical entrapment of non-interacting cyclic molecules and linear polymer chains. It is based on the ability of amphiphiles to form lamellae and columnar micelles in solvents that selectively solvate one of its components. An amphiphilic macrocrown ether (MC-12) with an average ring size of 42 atoms attached to a hydrophobic 12-carbon tail was prepared by formation of the macrocycle in the presence of multiple potassium template ions under pseudo-high dilution conditions. MC-12 is almost insoluble in aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents, but forms micelles in benzene and toluene in the presence of water. The micellar solutions of MC-12 macroscopically phase separate if water-soluble threads are added, but remain intact and solubilize less-water-soluble poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) derivatives. PEG3350−bis(amine) threads do not react, or react incompletely, with tert-butyltrityl end-capping agents functionalized with benzaldehyde and acid chloride groups, respectively. The optimum end-capping reaction for PEG−bis(amine) threads in the water-induced micellar solutions of MC-12 is the addition reaction with 2-p-[tris(p-tert-butylphenyl)methyl]phenoxymethyl-4,4-dimethylazlactone.
AI-guided use of balanced PPARα/γ dual agonist finetunes macrophage responses in inflammatory bowel disease (2021)

Abstract A computational platform, the Boolean network explorer (BoNE), has recently been developed to infuse AI-enhanced precision into drug discovery; it enables querying and navigating invariant Boolean Implication Networks of disease maps for prioritizing high-value targets. Here we used BoNE to query an Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD)-map and prioritize two nuclear receptors, PPARα/γ. Balanced agonism of PPARα/γ was predicted to impact macrophage processes, ameliorate colitis in network-prioritized animal models, ‘reset’ the gene expression network from disease to health, and achieve a favorable therapeutic index that tracked other FDA-approved targets. Predictions were validated using a balanced and potent PPARα/γ-dual agonist (PAR5359) in two pre-clinical murine models, i.e., Citrobacter rodentium-induced infectious colitis and DSS-induced colitis. Mechanistically, we show that such balanced dual agonism promotes bacterial clearance more efficiently than individual agonists both in vivo and in vitro; PPARα/γ is required and its agonism is sufficient to induce the pro-inflammatory cytokines and cellular ROS, which are essential for bacterial clearance and immunity, whereas PPARα/γ-agonism blunts these responses, delays microbial clearance and induces the anti-inflammatory cytokine, IL10. Balanced agonism achieved controlled inflammation while protecting the gut barrier and ‘reversal’ of the transcriptomic network. Furthermore, dual agonism effectively reversed the defective bacterial clearance observed in PBMCs derived from IBD patients. These findings not only deliver a macrophage modulator for use as barrier-protective therapy in IBD, but also highlight the potential of BoNE to accelerate and enhance the precision of drug discovery.
Privacy-Preserving Reinforcement Learning Beyond Expectation (2022)

Cyber and cyber-physical systems equipped with machine learning algorithms such as autonomous cars share environments with humans. In such a setting, it is important to align system (or agent) behaviors with the preferences of one or more human users. We consider the case when an agent has to learn behaviors in an unknown environment. Our goal is to capture two defining characteristics of humans: i) a tendency to assess and quantify risk, and ii) a desire to keep decision making hidden from external parties. We incorporate cumulative prospect theory (CPT) into the objective of a reinforcement learning (RL) problem for the former. For the latter, we use differential privacy. We design an algorithm to enable an RL agent to learn policies to maximize a CPT-based objective in a privacy-preserving manner and establish guarantees on the privacy of value functions learned by the algorithm when rewards are sufficiently close. This is accomplished through adding a calibrated noise using a Gaussian process mechanism at each step. Through empirical evaluations, we highlight a privacy-utility tradeoff and demonstrate that the RL agent is able to learn behaviors that are aligned with that of a human user in the same environment in a privacy-preserving manner.
Endotoxemia and Endotoxin Shock: Disease, Diagnosis and Therapy (2010)

The presence of endotoxin in the bloodstream is the consequence of an immunological response triggered by bacterial invasion of the host. This condition leads to altered cardiovascular function, lung dysfunction and acute kidney injury. Removing as much as possible of the circulating endotoxin is therefore imperative to mitigate its biological and clinical effects at the cellular, tissue and organ levels. The publication at hand summarizes the basic mechanisms, rationale and clinical results of a new therapeutic approach that promises to attain this goal: It consists of a specific hemoperfusion process that utilizes cartridges with immobilized polymixin B in an extracorporeal circuit.Containing contributions by renowned researchers, this book represents as a milestone in the field of extracorporeal therapies in sepsis. It will be a valuable reference work for both basic scientists and clinical professionals who want to keep abreast of current developments
Light diffusing effects of nano and micro-structures on OLED with microcavity (2014)

We examined the light diffusing effects of nano and micro-structures on microcavity designed OLEDs. The results of FDTD simulations and experiments showed that the pillar shaped nano-structure was more effective than the concave micro-structure for light diffusing of microcavity OLEDs. The sharp luminance distribution of the microcavity OLED was changed to near Lambertian luminance distribution by the nano-structure, and light diffusing effects increased with the height of the nano-structure. Furthermore, the nano-structure has advantages including light extraction of the substrate mode, reproducibility of manufacturing process, and minimizing pixel blur problems in an OLED display panel. The nano-structure is a promising candidate for a light diffuser, resolving the viewing angle problems in microcavity OLEDs.
Stress and strain in rat pulmonary artery material during a biaxial bubble test. (2004)

A biaxial bubble test has been designed to ascertain the mechanical properties of rat pulmonary arteries. The analytical procedure used to estimate stress and strain from the resulting test data is presented along with some analytical results. The bubble test was performed by loading a flat piece of rat pulmonary artery into a test fixture beneath a circular opening; the material was subsequently pressurized from below, producing a "bubble" of deformed material. Due to the anisotropy of the rat pulmonary artery, the resulting bubble was ellipsoidal in shape. Test results were recorded in the form of side-view images taken from various angles at incremental values of pressure. Average strains were estimated with the use of image analysis to measure changes in the bubble perimeter during inflation. Formulations for isotropic materials were applied to estimate stresses based on the anisotropic geometry of the bubbles produced during testing; some results of this preliminary analysis are presented here. Results from this analysis show differences in mechanical properties of the rat pulmonary artery from those of healthy versus hypertensive rats.