gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly efficient transmission between 1-D photonic crystal coupled cavity waveguides and straight waveguides (2008)

We report a design method of tapering structure for highly-efficient coupling between one-dimensional photonic-crystal coupled-cavity-waveguides and straight waveguides. Numerical results show that high transmission over wide bandwidth can be achieved by using proposed waveguide-tapering technique.
Palladium-Catalyzed C−F Activation of Polyfluoronitrobenzene Derivatives in Suzuki−Miyaura Coupling Reactions (2010)

Highly fluorinated nitrobenzene derivatives are suitable substrates for palladium-catalyzed C-F bond arylation using readily available palladium catalysts under both conventional heating and microwave conditions. Arylation occurs ortho to the nitro group offering a synthetic route to polyfluorinated 2-arylnitrobenzene systems. The regiochemistry of the arylation reactions suggests that there is a significant directing interaction between the nitro group and the incoming nucleophilic palladium catalyst which is facilitated by the presence of several fluorine atoms attached the ring. Investigations into the regioselectivity and reactivity of several tetrafluoro- and trifluoronitrobenzene derivatives provides further evidence for the highly nucleophilic character of the oxidative addition step in contrast to the concerted mechanism of more conventional Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reactions involving aryl iodides and bromides.
Liquid Crystals in Analytical Chemistry: A Review (2018)

Nearing 130 years since their introduction, liquid crystals (LCs) have found diverse applications in different fields of science, including chemical analysis. This review encompasses the history of LCs, reviews various types of them, and presents their current applications in analytical chemistry. Since most applications of LCs in analytical chemistry are for the fabrication of biosensors, these applications are discussed first. The high sensitivity of LCs to changes in their environment makes them ideal for such sensors. Using them, analyte concentrations as low as 1 pM have been detected. Another major application of LCs is in gas chromatography (GC) as stationary phases, which is described in the second part of this review. Using LCs in GC leads to better separations, higher sensitivity, and improved selectivity. Such phases provide higher stability in elevated temperatures and increased column life times. Finally, applications of LCs in electro-analytical chemistry will be described briefly.
Full-chip manufacturing reliability check implementation for 90-nm and 65-nm nodes using CPL and DDL (2004)

Advanced masks such as CPL and DDL are the two leading low k1 lithography enablers for the upcoming 90nm and 65nm nodes. The mask generation methodologies for both have been clearly defined with convincing wafer printing results. We found that full-chip optical proximity correction (OPC) is by all means one of most critical components for CPL and DDL. The OPC process ensures the correct 2D pattern shapes and to achieve the desired CD to be printed on wafer with sufficient process margin. However, in addition to the already complex mask data generation, the OPC process further increases mask data complexity and more prone to data handling errors. It is therefore highly desirable to perform full-chip Manufacturing Reliability Check (MRC) prior to mask making. From our viewpoints, MRC needs to cover two goals: first is to single out the “weak printing spots” or to map out the treated CPL/DDL features with unacceptable DOF and exposure latitude so that the corrective actions can be taken, and second is to ensure printing of the entire chip to meet the process requirement. The success of MRC process depends on a well-trained modeling algorithm, which should be well capable of predicting the optical and resist behavior correctly across the entire chip. To perform a production worthy MRC for CPL (with two mask writing steps) and DDL (with two exposure masks), one must have a full knowledge of the mask generation principles for both. In this paper, we demonstrate a working scheme that has been designed to capture a variety of geometric variations on the treated mask layout that could lead to unacceptable printing performance. In this scheme, the MRC for CPL and DDL are handled in two separate modules and the final MRC data is characterized and classified into specified category. The predicted error points were reported and displayed through statistical analysis. Process tolerance during mask making was also taking into consideration. For the optimum MRC performance, we try to balance the wafer pattern fidelity, data complexity, and the mask cost. The fix suggestions for the failure discovered can be automatically proposed for some of specified layouts. This MRC method could also be applied to all types of PSM or multi-exposure mask.
Molecular cloning and analysis of the fragile X region in man (1991)

The fragile X syndrome (FraX), the most common inherited form of mental retardation, has been located to Xq27.3. As a step in the molecular analysis of this mutation, we have cloned a contiguous 1.8 Mb region containing the entire fragile X region in YAC and cosmid clones. The cloned area defines a region of 50 kb containing a CpG island, found to be selectively methylated in patients expressing the fragile X phenotype. In this 50kb area we have localised the breakpoints of four somatic cell hybrids selected to break at the position of the fragile site. Fluorescence in-situ hybridisation of cosmids flanking this area shows that the breakpoints, the CpG island and the fragile site coincide.
Analysis of Program Obfuscation Schemes with Variable Encoding Technique (2008)

Program analysis techniques have improved steadily over the past several decades, and software obfuscation schemes have come to be used in many commercial programs. A software obfuscation scheme transforms an original program or a binary file into an obfuscated program that is more complicated and difficult to analyze, while preserving its functionality. However, the security of obfuscation schemes has not been properly evaluated. In this paper, we analyze obfuscation schemes in order to clarify the advantages of our scheme, the XOR-encoding scheme. First, we more clearly define five types of attack models that we defined previously, and define quantitative resistance to these attacks. Then, we compare the security, functionality and efficiency of three obfuscation schemes with encoding variables: (1) Sato et al.'s scheme with linear transformation, (2) our previous scheme with affine transformation, and (3) the XOR-encoding scheme. We show that the XOR-encoding scheme is superior with regard to the following two points: (1) the XOR-encoding scheme is more secure against a data-dependency attack and a brute force attack than our previous scheme, and is as secure against an information-collecting attack and an inverse transformation attack as our previous scheme, (2) the XOR-encoding scheme does not restrict the calculable ranges of programs and the loss of efficiency is less than in our previous scheme.
Evidence for in Vivo Protection against Murine-Sarcoma Virus-Induced Tumors by T Lymphocytes from Immune Animals (1974)

Abstract Normal 3- to 4-week old BALB/c mice inoculated with murine sarcoma virus (MSV) develop sarcomas within 7 to 10 days, which generally regress by day 15 to 20. Sublethal irradiation of the recipients, prior to inoculation of MSV, leads to the development of progressively growing tumors and ultimate death of the host within 30 days. Small numbers (1 × 107) of spleen cells from mice whose tumor has regressed, but not similar numbers of cells from age-matched control mice, protect these irradiated mice from developing progressively growing tumors. Pretreatment of the protecting cells with anti-θ antibody and complement, but not with anti-immunoglobulin antibody and complement, abolishes the protective effect.
Electromyographic assessment of muscle fatigue during isometric vibration training at varying frequencies (2010)

Resistance exercise is essential to improve or maintain muscle performance. Vibration training has been suggested as an alternative option for muscle conditioning, aiming especially at improving muscle strength and power. Several studies link the effects of vibration training to enhanced neuromuscular stimulation, measured by electromyography (EMG) and typically ascribed to involuntary reflex mechanisms. However, the underlying mechanisms are still unclear, limiting the use of vibration training. This paper proposes additional methods to analyze the mechanisms involved in vibration training. A dedicated measurement setup was realized to relate vibration parameters to muscle fatigue in the biceps brachii. Fatigue is estimated by EMG mean frequency and conduction velocity assessments as well as by maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) force measurements. A modified maximum likelihood algorithm is proposed for the conduction velocity estimation based on high-density EMG recording. Five volunteers performed four isometric contractions of 50 s at 80% MVC with no vibration (control) and with superimposed vibration at 20, 30, and 40 Hz. Fatigue was estimated from the decay of force, EMG mean frequency, and EMG conduction velocity. 30-Hz vibrations represented the most fatiguing stimulus. Our preliminary results also show a better correlation between force and conduction velocity decay than between force and mean frequency decay, indicating the former as a better EMG indicator of fatigue. The proposed methods provide important advancements for the analysis of vibration exercise and guidance towards the definition of optimal training protocols.
Correction to Combining the Dynamic TNO-Gastrointestinal Tract System with a Caco-2 Cell Culture Model: Application to the Assessment of Lycopene and α-Tocopherol Bioavailability from a Whole Food (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionCorrection to Combining the Dynamic TNO-Gastrointestinal Tract System with a Caco-2 Cell Culture Model: Application to the Assessment of Lycopene and α-Tocopherol Bioavailability from a Whole FoodEmmanuelle Déat, Stéphanie Blanquet-Diot, Jean-François Jarrige, Sylvain Denis, Eric Beyssac, and Monique AlricCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 2010, 58, 1, 684Publication Date (Web):December 17, 2009Publication History Published online17 December 2009Published inissue 13 January 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf9042248https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9042248correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views507Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (604 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Cells,Food,Kinetics,Lycopene,Testing and assessment Get e-Alerts
Getting it right the first time: Robot mission guarantees in the presence of uncertainty (2013)

Certain robot missions need to perform predictably in a physical environment that may only be poorly characterized in advance. We have previously developed an approach to establishing performance guarantees for behavior-based controllers in a process-algebra framework. We extend that work here to include random variables, and we show how our prior results can be used to generate a Dynamic Bayesian Network for the coupled system of program and environment model. Verification is reduced to a filtering problem for this network. Finally, we present validation results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the verification of a multiple waypoint robot mission using this approach.
DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN NAURUANS (1983)

An epidemiologic survey of the whole adult Micronesian population of Nauru in the Central Pacific conducted in 1982 has confirmed that Nauruans, along with Pima Indians, suffer the highest rate of abnormal glucose tolerance yet recorded. To establish the morbid effects of hyperglycemia in this population, all responders to the diabetes survey were concurrently examined for diabetic retinopathy. In diabetic subjects, the crude prevalence of retinopathy was 24%. Specific rates were determined at various levels of the following characteristics: age, two-hour post-load plasma glucose, body mass index, duration of diabetes, and systolic blood pressure. Prevalence was found to rise with increasing two-hour plasma glucose and duration, to fall with increasing body mass index, and to have a quadratic relationship with age and systolic blood pressure. The multiple logistic regression model was used to determine whether the selected characteristics were significant in increasing the risk of retinopathy. Body mass index and systolic blood pressure did not contribute significantly to this risk after controlling for age. Increasing two-hour plasma glucose significantly increased the risk of retinopathy, and duration of disease was the strongest predictor variable. This study shows that the consequences of hyperglycemia in this Micronesian population are comparable to those already documented in European and American Indian communities.
Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry of the lumbar spine: clinical experience with two different systems. (1990)

Dual-energy radiographic absorptiometry (DRA) of the lumbar spine was performed in 222 subjects (aged 17-92 years) of both sexes with use of two different systems. In a sub-group of 21 patients, results were compared with those obtained by means of dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) of the lumbar spine. There was a high correlation among the results obtained with three instruments (r = .9, P less than .0001), and interconversion factors were calculated. Data conversion based on these regression equations may be useful for comparing results from one laboratory to another.
Determination of Air-To-Water Partition Coefficients Using Automated Multiple Headspace Extractions (2005)

Air-to-water partition coefficients are experimentally determined using a multiple headspace extraction procedure and an automated headspace cell. The approach is first validated with 2-butanone and then applied to a homologous series of methyl ketones. As adsorptions of the most hydrophobic compounds occurred in the sampling cell, technical improvements have been tested. This study represents the first attempt to overcome analyte adsorptions by studying and minimizing the effect of the cell's adsorption of hydrophobic analytes on the determination of their partition coefficients. The present method allows the measurement of several analytes at the same time, in the ppm range, without calibration, and with a limited manpower.
Logic emulation (panel) (1993)

Logic Emulations systems consist of boards of re-programmable Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) programmable interconnect, and large software synthesis and analysis packages. They allow ASIC and system-level designs to be represented in hardware that performs at a significant fraction of the real device speeds. They can be used in the end-product for system-level debugging and analysis. As a result, they present an opportunity to perform faster and more accurate design verification. This panel will focus on the role of logic emulation in design verification and will consider the following questions: - Do the benefits of time-to-market and better end product quality justify the investment in logic emulation? - How do logic emulation systems compare with other quick prototyping methods, such as: 1)Build-your-own FPGA prototype on a printed-circuit board, and 2)Build-your-own FPGA prototype using Field-Programmable Interconnect Chips/Device - How does logic emulation compare with traditional simulation in speed, capacity and convenience, including the newer compiled-code simulators? - What is the relationship with special-purpose hardware simulation accelerators? - Will logic emulation be used to verify designs at architectural level? - Does logic emulation only apply to certain types of applications? - Will the emulation speed become a critical barrier to market acceptance? - What will be the effect of declining emulation cost? - What role does logic emulation play in software/hardware co-design?
Empirical analysis suggests continuous and homogeneous circulation of Newcastle disease virus in a wide range of wild bird species in Africa (2014)

Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important poultry diseases worldwide and can lead to annual losses of up to 80% of backyard chickens in Africa. All bird species are considered susceptible to ND virus (NDV) infection but little is known about the role that wild birds play in the epidemiology of the virus. We present a long-term monitoring of 9000 wild birds in four African countries. Overall, 3·06% of the birds were PCR-positive for NDV infection, with prevalence ranging from 0% to 10% depending on the season, the site and the species considered. Our study shows that ND is circulating continuously and homogeneously in a large range of wild bird species. Several genotypes of NDV circulate concurrently in different species and are phylogenetically closely related to strains circulating in local domestic poultry, suggesting that wild birds may play several roles in the epidemiology of different NDV strains in Africa. We recommend that any strategic plan aiming at controlling ND in Africa should take into account the potential role of the local wild bird community in the transmission of the disease.
mRNA N6‐methyladenosine is critical for cold tolerance in Arabidopsis (2022)

Plants respond to low temperatures by altering the mRNA abundance of thousands of genes contributing to numerous physiological and metabolic processes that allow them to adapt. At the post-transcriptional level, these cold stress-responsive transcripts undergo alternative splicing, microRNA-mediated regulation and alternative polyadenylation, amongst others. Recently, m<sup>6</sup> A, m<sup>5</sup> C and other mRNA modifications that can affect the regulation and stability of RNA were discovered, thus revealing another layer of post-transcriptional regulation that plays an important role in modulating gene expression. The importance of m<sup>6</sup> A in plant growth and development has been appreciated, although its significance under stress conditions is still underexplored. To assess the role of m<sup>6</sup> A modifications during cold stress responses, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing was performed in Arabidopsis seedlings esposed to low temperature stress (4°C) for 24 h. This transcriptome-wide m<sup>6</sup> A analysis revealed large-scale shifts in this modification in response to low temperature stress. Because m<sup>6</sup> A is known to affect transcript stability/degradation and translation, we investigated these possibilities. Interestingly, we found that cold-enriched m<sup>6</sup> A-containing transcripts demonstrated the largest increases in transcript abundance coupled with increased ribosome occupancy under cold stress. The significance of the m<sup>6</sup> A epitranscriptome on plant cold tolerance was further assessed using the mta mutant in which the major m<sup>6</sup> A methyltransferase gene was mutated. Compared to the wild-type, along with the differences in CBFs and COR gene expression levels, the mta mutant exhibited hypersensitivity to cold treatment as determined by primary root growth, biomass, and reactive oxygen species accumulation. Furthermore, and most importantly, both non-acclimated and cold-acclimated mta mutant demonstrated hypersensitivity to freezing tolerance. Taken together, these findings suggest a critical role for the epitranscriptome in cold tolerance of Arabidopsis.
1A2-D15 Operation guidance for industrial robot having hand guiding equipment (2009)

This paper proposes an operation guidance strategy for industrial robot having a hand-guiding device. In case of use of multi-axes interface for hand-guiding operation, it is difficult to operate a robot without moving it to unintended directions. In this strategy, each operation phase is associated with combination of the controllable axes at first, and then a robot recognizes a list of operation phases as an operation guidance. The robot allows the operator to select controllable axes in accordance with the operation phases while hand guiding operation. The effectiveness and performance of the guidance are confirmed through assembly experiments by using the hand guiding robot.
Improving Speech Recognition Using Consistent Predictions on Synthesized Speech (2020)

Speech synthesis has advanced to the point of being close to indistinguishable from human speech. However, efforts to train speech recognition systems on synthesized utterances have not been able to show that synthesized data can be effectively used to augment or replace human speech. In this work, we demonstrate that promoting consistent predictions in response to real and synthesized speech enables significantly improved speech recognition performance. We also find that training on 460 hours of LibriSpeech augmented with 500 hours of transcripts (without audio) performance is within 0.2% WER of a system trained on 960 hours of transcribed audio. This suggests that with this approach, when there is sufficient text available, reliance on transcribed audio can be cut nearly in half.
Harmonizing functional connectivity reduces scanner effects in community detection (2022)

Community detection on graphs constructed from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data has led to important insights into brain functional organization. Large studies of brain community structure often include images acquired on multiple scanners across different studies. Differences in scanner can introduce variability into the downstream results, and these differences are often referred to as scanner effects. Such effects have been previously shown to significantly impact common network metrics. In this study, we identify scanner effects in data-driven community detection results and related network metrics. We assess a commonly employed harmonization method and propose new methodology for harmonizing functional connectivity that leverage existing knowledge about network structure as well as patterns of covariance in the data. Finally, we demonstrate that our new methods reduce scanner effects in community structure and network metrics. Our results highlight scanner effects in studies of brain functional organization and provide additional tools to address these unwanted effects. These findings and methods can be incorporated into future functional connectivity studies, potentially preventing spurious findings and improving reliability of results.