gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact and Deployment of Dynamic Traffic Light Control Strategies using a City-wide Simulation Scenari (2019)

Nowadays, the ever-increasing population and subsequently, the growing number of vehicles have created bottlenecks at road network intersections. Dynamic traffic lights are believed to improve the road traffic throughput by actively adapting signal programs to real-time traffic conditions. Such control mechanisms, however, are rarely easily deployed on a large-scale infrastructure, and the tools employed by the literature are generally based on overly simple or limited validation scenarios. In this paper, we use a city-scale simulation scenario to analyze the impact of dynamic traffic lights on both overall traffic and bus public transportation network. Unlike previous studies, we express a particular interest in the influence of dynamic traffic lights on public transportation. Indeed, a solution that improves the overall traffic conditions but disturbs public transportation services is of no interest to most cities that are currently paying more and more attention to them. Our simulation results show that dynamic traffic lights have a high positive impact on time efficiency and a moderate impact on emissions in both overall and public transportation traffic. The impact of dynamic traffic lights on traffic safety is non-conclusive. We also investigate different deployment strategies and show that equipping the 10% most visited signalized intersections with dynamic traffic lights represents a good trade-off between deployment complexity and performance in both networks.
Realization of a Linear Germanium Nanowire p−n Junction (2006)

Germanium nanowires grown by chemical vapor deposition exhibit a peculiar dopant incorporation mechanism. The dopant atoms, such as boron and phosphorus, get incorporated through the wire surface, a mechanism which limits the doping modulation along the wire length, and therefore the fabrication of more elaborate structures that combine both n- and p-type doping. Using a novel device design that circumvents these constraints, we demonstrate here a linear Ge nanowire p-n junction.
Phenyl Ring Dynamics in a Tetraphenylethylene-Bridged Metal–Organic Framework: Implications for the Mechanism of Aggregation-Induced Emission (2012)

Molecules that exhibit emission in the solid state, especially those known as aggregation-induced emission (AIE) chromophores, have found applications in areas as varied as light-emitting diodes and biological sensors. Despite numerous studies, the mechanism of fluorescence quenching in AIE chromophores is still not completely understood. To this end, much interest has focused on understanding the low-frequency vibrational dynamics of prototypical systems, such as tetraphenylethylene (TPE), in the hope that such studies would provide more general principles toward the design of new sensors and electronic materials. We hereby show that a perdeuterated TPE-based metal-organic framework (MOF) serves as an excellent platform for studying the low-energy vibrational modes of AIE-type chromophores. In particular, we use solid-state (2)H and (13)C NMR experiments to investigate the phenyl ring dynamics of TPE cores that are coordinatively trapped inside a MOF and find a phenyl ring flipping energy barrier of 43(6) kJ/mol. DFT calculations are then used to deconvolute the electronic and steric contributions to this flipping barrier. Finally, we couple the NMR and DFT studies with variable-temperature X-ray diffraction experiments to propose that both the ethylenic C═C bond twist and the torsion of the phenyl rings are important for quenching emission in TPE, but that the former may gate the latter. To conclude, we use these findings to propose a set of design criteria for the development of tunable turn-on porous sensors constructed from AIE-type molecules, particularly as applied to the design of new multifunctional MOFs.
Performance analysis of a synchronous, circuit-switched interconnection cached network (1994)

In many parallel applications, each computation entity (process, thread etc.) switches the bulk of its communication between a small group of other entities. We call this phenomenon switching locality. The Interconnection Cached Network (ICN) is a reconfigurable network especially suited for exploiting switching locality. It consists of many small, fast crossbars interconnected by a large, slow switching crossbar. The large crossbar is used for topology reconfiguration and the smaller crossbars for circuit switching. For a large class of communication patterns displaying switching locality (this includes meshes, tori, trees, rings, pyramids, etc.), it is possible to choose appropriate ICN configurations and assignments of processes to processors such that all communication paths pass through two or less switching components.Much of the previous work on performance analysis of networks has assumed random, uniformly distributed communication and is inapplicable to many real-life parallel applications that lack this uniformity. We develop a methodology to analyze the performance of synchronous, circuit switched networks under different communication traffic patterns. We employ this methodology to study the performance of the ICN in comparison to more popular reconfigurable networks: the delta and the crossbar. We choose two different communication patterns—a 2-D torus representing a high degree of switching locality and a fully connected graph representing complete absence of such locality. We show that in the presence of locality, the ICN comes very close to matching the crossbar's performance. This, together with the shorter network cycle period of the ICN, makes it more desirable. In the absence of switching locality, the reconfigurability of the ICN allows for a graceful degradation in performance.
Improving the performance of coded FDFR multi‐antenna systems with turbo‐decoding (2004)

Abstract A full‐diversity full‐rate (FDFR) multi‐antenna system was developed recently, enabling uncoded layered space‐time (LST) transmissions to achieve full‐diversity ( N t ) and full‐rate ( N t symbols per channel use) simultaneously, for any number of transmit antennas N t and receive antennas N r . In this paper, we investigate the performance of a coded FDFR design obtained by concatenating an error control coding (ECC) module and FDFR module with a random interleaver in between. Turbo decoding is performed at the receiver. With R c denoting the ECC rate, d min the minimum Hamming distance of the ECC, and M the constellation size, an overall transfer rate of R c N t log 2 M bits per channel use and a full diversity order d min N t N r are achieved. Different ECC choices are considered. Approximate analysis reveals that multi‐stream ECC and single‐stream ECC make no difference when convolutional codes with long frame length and near‐optimal MIMO decoding schemes are adopted. Without sacrificing rate, the coded FDFR system improves error performance compared with coded V‐BLAST, when relatively weak codes are used. As N r increases, even strong codes such as rate 1/2 turbo codes can benefit from FDFR. Specifically, 1.5–2 dB gain over coded V‐BLAST is obtained in a 2 × 2 antenna setup when convolutional codes or rate 3/4 turbo codes are used; 0.5 dB gain is offered in a 2 × 5 setup when rate 1/2 turbo codes are used. Coded FDFR also outperforms a 16‐QAM Alamouti coded scheme by 1 dB when convolutional codes are used. The price paid is increased complexity. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Content-Centric Networking - Architectural Overview and Protocol Description (2017)

This document describes the core concepts of the CCNx architecture and presents a minimum network protocol based on two messages: Interests and Content Objects. It specifies the set of mandatory and optional fields within those messages and describes their behavior and interpretation. This architecture and protocol specification is independent of a specific wire encoding.
pH sensing properties of graphene solution-gated field-effect transistors (2013)

The use of graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition to fabricate solution-gated field-effect transistors (SGFET) on different substrates is reported. SGFETs were fabricated using graphene transferred on poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) substrate in order to study the influence of using a flexible substrate for pH sensing. Furthermore, in order to understand the influence of fabrication-related residues on top of the graphene surface, a fabrication method was developed for graphene-on-SiO2 SGFETs that enables to keep a graphene surface completely clean of any residues at the end of the fabrication. We were then able to demonstrate that the electrical response of the SGFET devices to pH does not depend either on the specific substrate on which graphene is transferred or on the existence of a moderate amount of fabrication-related residues on top of the graphene surface. These considerations simplify and ease the design and fabrication of graphene pH sensors, paving the way for developing low cost, flexible, and transparent graphene sensors on plastic. We also show that the surface transfer doping mechanism does not have significant influence on the pH sensing response. This highlights that the adsorption of hydroxyl and hydronium ions on the graphene surface due to the charging of the electrical double layer capacitance is responsible for the pH sensing mechanism.
A Peptide-Based PD1 Antagonist Enhances T-Cell Priming and Efficacy of a Prophylactic Malaria Vaccine and Promotes Survival in a Lethal Malaria Model (2020)

The blockade of programmed cell death-1 (PD1) and its ligand PDL1 has been proven to be a successful immunotherapy against several cancers. Similar to cancer, PD1 contributes to the establishment of several chronic infectious diseases, including malaria. While monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting checkpoint receptors are revolutionary in cancer treatment, the immune-related adverse events (irAEs) may prevent their utilization in prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of infectious diseases. The irAEs are, in part, due to the prolonged half-life of mAbs resulting in prolonged activation of the immune system. As an alternative modality to mAbs, peptides represent a viable option because they possess a shorter pharmacokinetic half-life and offer more formulation and delivery options. Here, we report on a 22-amino acid immunomodulatory peptide, LD01, derived from a <i>Bacillus</i> bacteria. When combined prophylactically with an adenovirus-based or irradiated sporozoite-based malaria vaccine, LD01 significantly enhanced antigen-specific CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell expansion. Therapeutically, LD01 treatment of mice infected with a lethal malaria strain resulted in survival that was associated with lower numbers of FOXP3<sup>+</sup>Tbet<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup> regulatory T cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that LD01 is a potent immunomodulator that acts upon the adaptive immune system to stimulate T cell responses both prophylactically and therapeutically.
Rapid molecular mass and structural determination of plant cell wall-derived oligosaccharides using off-line high-performance anion-exchange chromatography/mass spectrometry (1998)

A method has been developed for the rapid molecular mass determination and structural elucidation of mixtures of oligosaccharides derived from plant cell walls. The oligosaccharides were fractionated using gel permeation chromatography and 'analytical' high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC), neutralized, dried and the mixtures of eluent salt and oligosaccharides were per-O-acetylated directly. The derivatized oligosaccharides were isolated by dissolution in dichloromethane and the salts were removed by aqueous partitioning. The per-O-acetylated oligosaccharides were analysed using electrospray (ES) and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MS). Exploiting the fact that acid-catalysed per-O-acetylation of oligosaccharides can be achieved even under the extremely salty conditions that are found in post-column neutralized HPAEC fractions, and combining this derivatization step with off-line ESMS, allow rapid screening for molecular mass and thus yield information on the composition of the various oligosaccharides in these complex mixtures. Subsequent per-O-methylation of the per-O-acetylated, salt-free fractions and collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometric analysis was used for additional sequence and branching determination of the oligosaccharides.
Pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion injury (2000)

Reperfusion of ischaemic tissues is often associated with microvascular dysfunction that is manifested as impaired endothelium-dependent dilation in arterioles, enhanced fluid filtration and leukocyte plugging in capillaries, and the trafficking of leukocytes and plasma protein extravasation in postcapillary venules. Activated endothelial cells in all segments of the microcirculation produce more oxygen radicals, but less nitric oxide, in the initial period following reperfusion. The resulting imbalance between superoxide and nitric oxide in endothelial cells leads to the production and release of inflammatory mediators (e.g. platelet-activating factor, tumour necrosis factor) and enhances the biosynthesis of adhesion molecules that mediate leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion. Some of the known risk factors for cardiovascular disease (hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension, and diabetes) appear to exaggerate many of the microvascular alterations elicited by ischaemia and reperfusion (I/R). The inflammatory mediators released as a consequence of reperfusion also appear to activate endothelial cells in remote organs that are not exposed to the initial ischaemic insult. This distant response to I/R can result in leukocyte-dependent microvascular injury that is characteristic of the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. Adaptational responses to I/R injury have been demonstrated that allow for protection of briefly ischaemic tissues against the harmful effects of subsequent, prolonged ischaemia, a phenomenon called ischaemic preconditioning. There are two temporally and mechanistically distinct types of protection afforded by this adaptational response, i.e. acute and delayed preconditioning. The factors (e.g. protein kinase C activation) that initiate the acute and delayed preconditioning responses appear to be similar; however the protective effects of acute preconditioning are protein synthesis-independent, while the effects of delayed preconditioning require protein synthesis. The published literature in this field of investigation suggests that there are several potential targets for therapeutic intervention against I/R-induced microvascular injury.
Demonstration of Distributed Bragg Reflectors for Deep Ultraviolet Applications (2007)

AlGaN/AlGaN distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) have been developed for potential use in deep-UV light emitting diodes (LEDs) and exceed the performance of all previously reported nitride DBRs for deep-UV wavelengths. The DBRs were grown on 4H-SiC by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. All layers had Al content exceeding 50% thus minimizing light absorption within the structure. DBRs are demonstrated with 19.5 periods to be 80% reflective at 254 and 280 nm, with clear routes for improvement.
Detection of Stationarity in an Inertial Navigation System (2010)

Abstract—Integrated GPS - Inertial Navigation System (INS) is a popular tool used in localization. Localization accuracies of a few centimeters can be achieved using carrier phase processing under certain conditions such as clear view of the sky and differential correction availability; however, when using an inexpensive Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), the performance deteriorates beyond the meter level in tens of seconds in GPS denied areas. This deterioration in performance can be attributed to the presence of noise and slowly changing biases that affect the IMU measurements. The biases are nuisance parameters and should be estimated to improve localization performance.
Use of artificial zero velocity and/or angular rate aiding measurements is attractive for estimation of velocity, attitude and IMU biases; however, detection of time instances appropriate for such stationary “measurements” is a challenge. False application of stationary updates can severely deteriorate localization performance. This paper reviews existing methods and proposes a frequency domain approach to detect stationarity, with specifications for land vehicles.
A Novel Method for Subjective Picture Quality Assessment and Further Studies of HDTV Formats (2008)

This paper proposes a novel method for the assessment of picture quality, called triple stimulus continuous evaluation scale (TSCES), to allow the direct comparison of different HDTV formats. The method uses an upper picture quality anchor and a lower picture quality anchor with defined impairments. The HDTV format under test is evaluated in a subjective comparison with the upper and lower anchors. The method utilizes three displays in a particular vertical arrangement. In an initial series of tests with the novel method, the HDTV formats 1080p/50,1080i/25, and 720p/50 were compared at various bit-rates and with seven different content types on three identical 1920 times 1080 pixel displays. It was found that the new method provided stable and consistent results. The method was tested with 1080p/50,1080i/25, and 720p/50 HDTV images that had been coded with H.264/AVC High profile. The result of the assessment was that the progressive HDTV formats found higher appreciation by the assessors than the interlaced HDTV format. A system chain proposal is given for future media production and delivery to take advantage of this outcome. Recommendations for future research conclude the paper.
Super Proton Conductive High-Purity Nafion Nanofibers (2010)

In this paper, we report the high proton conductivity of a single high-purity Nafion nanofiber (1.5 S/cm), which is an order of magnitude higher than the bulk Nafion film ( approximately 0.1 S/cm). We also observe a nanosize effect, where proton conductivity increases sharply with decreasing fiber diameter. X-ray scattering provides a rationale for these findings, where an oriented ionic morphology was observed in the nanofiber in contrast to the isotropic morphology in the bulk film. This work also demonstrates the successful fabrication of high-purity Nafion nanofibers ( approximately 99.9 wt %) via electrospinning and higher humidity sensitivity for nanofibers compared to the bulk. These results should have a significant impact on fuel cells and sensors.
Pixelwise JPEG compression detection and quality factor estimation based on convolutional neural network (2019)

JPEG compression is one of image degradations that often occurs in image storing and retouching process. Estimating JPEG compression degradation property is important for JPEG deblocking algorithm and image forensic analysis. JPEG degradation exists not only in JPEG file format but also in other image formats because JPEG distortion remains after converting to another image format. Moreover, JPEG degradation property is not always uniform within an image in case that the image is collaged from different JPEG-compressed photos. In this paper, pixelwise detection of JPEG-compression degradation and estimation of JPEG quality factor using a convolutional neural network is proposed. The proposed network outputs an estimated JPEG quality factor map and a compression flag map from an input image. Experimental results show that the proposed network successfully infers the quality factors and discriminates between non-JPEG-compressed images and JPEG-compressed images. We also demonstrate that the proposed network can spot a collaged region in a fake image which is comprised of images that have different JPEG compression properties. Additionally, the network reveals that image datasets Set5 and Set14, often used to evaluate super-resolution algorithms, contain JPEG-compressed low quality images, which are inappropriate for such evaluation.
Managing methanogens and homoacetogens to promote reductive dechlorination of trichloroethene with direct delivery of H2 in a membrane biofilm reactor (2012)

A study with H(2)-based membrane biofilm reactors (MBfRs) was undertaken to examine the effectiveness of direct H(2) delivery in ex-situ reductive dechlorination of chlorinated ethenes. Trichloroethene (TCE) could be reductively dechlorinated to ethene with up to 95% efficiency as long as the pH-increase effects of methanogens and homoacetogens were managed and dechlorinators were selected for during start-up by creating H(2) limitation. Based on quantitative PCR, the dominant bacterial groups in the biofilm at the end of reactor operation were Dehalococcoides, Geobacter, and homoacetogens. Pyrosequencing confirmed the dominance of the dechlorinators and identified Acetobacterium as the key homoacetogen. Homoacetogens outcompeted methanogens for bicarbonate, based on the effluent concentration of acetate, by suppressing methanogens during batch start-up. This was corroborated by the methanogenesis functional gene mcrA, which was 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than the FTHFS functional gene for homoacetogens. Imaging of the MBfR fibers using scanning electron microscopy showed a distinct Dehalococcoides-like morphology in the fiber biofilm. These results support that direct addition of H(2) can allow for efficient and complete reductive dechlorination, and they shed light into how H(2)-fed biofilms, when operated to manage methanogenic and homoacetogenic activity, can be used for ex-situ bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes.
Do Shales Swell? A Critical Review of Available Evidence (1995)

A vast majority of drilling problems occur in shales. The traditional explanation is that Shales swell when contacted with water. As the use of oil based muds becomes more difficult, recent years have seen a large numberof publications dedicated to the study of water/shale interaction.Unfortunately, this large body of evidence contains too many contradictions to be trusted as a sound basis for engineering. A two years long critical review of this material was therefore undertaken revealing that most experimental observations performed in the laboratory were not representative of downhole conditions as air or water vapor had been introduced in the samples, leading to capillary phenomena which have been mistaken for swelling. Further observations revealed that true swelling is unlikely to be an issue downhole. Upon contact with drilling fluids, the occurrence of mineralogical transformations affecting the shale was identified and it was further shown that such transformations will affect the mechanical response of the rock.
Deep and comparative analysis of the mycelium and appressorium transcriptomes of Magnaporthe grisea using MPSS, RL-SAGE, and oligoarray methods (2006)

The comprehensive and deep transcriptome analysis by MPSS and RL-SAGE methods identified many novel sense and antisense transcripts in the M. grisea genome at two important growth stages. The differentially expressed transcripts that were identified, especially those specifically expressed in appressoria, represent a genomic resource useful for gaining a better understanding of the molecular basis of M. grisea pathogenicity. Further analysis of the novel antisense transcripts will provide new insights into the regulation and function of these genes in fungal growth, development and pathogenesis in the host plants.