gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advancing the Science of Spatial Neglect Rehabilitation: An Improved Statistical Approach with Mixed Linear Modeling (2013)

VALID RESEARCH ON NEGLECT REHABILITATION DEMANDS A STATISTICAL APPROACH COMMENSURATE WITH THE CHARACTERISTICS OF NEGLECT REHABILITATION DATA: neglect arises from impairment in distinct brain networks leading to large between-subject variability in baseline symptoms and recovery trajectories. Studies enrolling medically ill, disabled patients, may suffer from missing, unbalanced data, and small sample sizes. Finally, assessment of rehabilitation requires a description of continuous recovery trajectories. Unfortunately, the statistical method currently employed in most studies of neglect treatment [repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), rANOVA] does not well-address these issues. Here we review an alternative, mixed linear modeling (MLM), that is more appropriate for assessing change over time. MLM better accounts for between-subject heterogeneity in baseline neglect severity and in recovery trajectory. MLM does not require complete or balanced data, nor does it make strict assumptions regarding the data structure. Furthermore, because MLM better models between-subject heterogeneity it often results in increased power to observe treatment effects with smaller samples. After reviewing current practices in the field, and the assumptions of rANOVA, we provide an introduction to MLM. We review its assumptions, uses, advantages, and disadvantages. Using real and simulated data, we illustrate how MLM may improve the ability to detect effects of treatment over ANOVA, particularly with the small samples typical of neglect research. Furthermore, our simulation analyses result in recommendations for the design of future rehabilitation studies. Because between-subject heterogeneity is one important reason why studies of neglect treatments often yield conflicting results, employing statistical procedures that model this heterogeneity more accurately will increase the efficiency of our efforts to find treatments to improve the lives of individuals with neglect.
Low-IF 5 GHz WLAN linearized transmitter using baseband digital predistorter (2004)

This paper proposes a low-IF architecture, which is appropriate for the design of a WLAN 802.11a transmitter. A prototype circuit was designed, for experiments in this work, in the frequency band 5.1 GHz to 5.9GHz. The evaluation of this transmitter was carried out in terms of Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) and assessed for different power backoffs. Moreover, a digital baseband predistorter was added in order to improve the tradeoff between linearity and power efficiency since WLAN signals admit a high peak to average power ratio. The low-IF predistorted transmitter has shown better linearity performance for lower power backoff than that obtained with the same one but without linearization. Thus, the proposed linearized WLAN transmitter takes advantage of the digital implementation of the IQ modulator in addition to the digital baseband predistortion for improving the EVM performances for a low power backoff.
Tissue Engineering for Stem Cell Mediated Regenerative Medicine (2010)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Ectodermal Tissue Endodermal Tissue Mesodermal Tissue Summary and Future Challenges References
Exploring the views of Singapore junior doctors on medical curricula for the digital age: A case study (2023)

This study aims to explore the perspectives of medical trainees on the impartation of digital competencies in Singapore's medical school curricula. It also considers how the medical school experience can be strengthened in order to bridge potential gaps in the integration of these competencies in the local curricula. Findings were drawn from individual interviews with 44 junior doctors from Singapore's public healthcare institutions including hospitals and national specialty centers. House officers and residents from different medical and surgical specialties were recruited using purposive sampling. Data was interpreted using qualitative thematic analysis. The doctors were in their first to tenth year of post-graduate training. Thirty of them graduated from the three local medical schools whereas 14 others were trained overseas. Overall, they felt insufficiently prepared to utilize digital technologies in view of their limited exposure to such technologies in medical school. Six key reasons were identified: lack of flexibility and dynamism within the curriculum, dated learning style, limited access to electronic health records, gradual uptake of digital technologies in the healthcare sector, lack of an ecosystem that promotes innovation, and lack of guidance from qualified and available mentors. Equipping medical students with skills relevant to the digital age would benefit from a concerted effort from multiple stakeholders: medical schools, medical educators and innovators, as well as the government. This study bears important implications for countries that seek to bridge the 'transformation gap' brought about by the digital age, which is defined as the sharp divergence between innovations that healthcare providers recognize as important but for which they feel insufficiently prepared.
22.2: Evaluation Of Flat Panel Display Technologies For An Automotive Night Vision Enhancement HUD System (1998)

Abstract An automotive HUD system is currently under development. Flat panel displays are being considered to replace the current CRT in order to improve performance whilst reducing volume, complexity and unit cost. We shall present our assessment of potential flat panel displays for this application, discuss the design problems they pose, and present results from our demonstrator system.
Involvement of Chemokine Receptors in Organ-Specific Metastasis (2006)

The chemokines are a family of small proteins known for their ability to control cell migration in the body. Their receptors belong to the class A subfamily of G protein-coupled receptors. In recent years, chemokines have grown in importance, because they are involved in inflammation and autoimmune disease. Some of them are also involved in infectious disease, since two chemokine receptors, CXCR4 and CCR5, are used by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) to gain entry to cells. Several years ago it also became clear that chemokines can also influence tumor cells. Specifically, tumor cells express chemokine receptors in a nonrandom manner, and this suggested a role for chemokines in the metastatic destination of tumor cells. By far the most common chemokine receptor expressed by many cancer cells is CXCR4. Its ligand, CXCL12, is strongly expressed in lung, liver, bone marrow and lymph nodes, places that represent common metastatic destinations in many cancers. Many studies have now validated the concept that chemokines and their receptors influence metastasis. The potential therapeutic importance of these observations depends on the role that each metastatic destination such as liver, lung, bone marrow, etc., plays in the prognosis of a cancer patient.
Emerging Role for Use of Liposomes in the Biopreservation of Red Blood Cells (2011)

SUMMARY: Biopreservation is the process of maintaining the integrity and functionality of cells held outside the native environment for extended storage times. The development of red blood cell (RBC) biopreservation techniques that maintain in vitro RBC viability and function represents the foundation of modern blood banking. The biopreservation of RBCs for clinical use can be categorized based on the techniques used to achieve biologic stability, including hypothermic storage and cryopreservation. This review will examine the emerging role of liposomes in the RBC biopreservation, including the incorporation of liposomes into RBC membranes as an effective approach for minimizing RBC hypothermic storage membrane lesion and use of liposomes as a permeabilization strategy for the intracellular accumulation of novel intracellular cryoprotectants. Integration of current biopreservation research with blood banking practices offers enormous potential for future improvements of safety and efficacy of RBC transfusion.
Self‐assembly of multiscale anisotropic hydrogels through interfacial polyionic complexation (2020)

Polysaccharides are explored for various tissue engineering applications due to their inherent cytocompatibility and ability to form bulk hydrogels. However, bulk hydrogels offer poor control over their microarchitecture and multiscale hierarchy, parameters important to recreate extracellular matrix-mimetic microenvironment. Here, we developed a versatile platform technology to self-assemble oppositely charged polysaccharides into multiscale fibrous hydrogels with controlled anisotropic microarchitecture. We employed polyionic complexation through microfluidic flow of positively charged polysaccharide, chitosan, along with one of the three negatively charged polysaccharides: alginate, gellan gum, and kappa carrageenan. These hydrogels were composed of microscale fibers, which in turn were made of submicron fibrils confirming multiscale hierarchy. Fibrous hydrogels showed strong tensile mechanical properties, which were further modulated by encapsulation of shape-specific antioxidant cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs). Specifically, hydrogels with chitosan and gellan gum showed more than eight times higher tensile strength compared to the other two pairs. Incorporation of sphere-shaped cerium oxide nanoparticles in chitosan and gellan gum further reinforced fibrous hydrogels and increased their tensile strength by 40%. Altogether, our automated hydrogel fabrication platform allows fabrication of bioinspired biomaterials with scope for one-step encapsulation of small molecules and nanoparticles without chemical modification or use of chemical crosslinkers.
Beyond face: Improving person clustering in consumer photos by exploring contextual information (2010)

Automatic person clustering, which groups photos based on the individuals appearing in a photo collection, is a key component to facilitate photo management and sharing. Traditionally, person clusters are basically built by detecting faces and matching facial features. But these facial clusters can perform poorly when there are large pose variations and occlusions, which are not uncommon in consumer photos. In this paper, we propose an approach that employs contextual information to complement facial information in order to significantly improve the performance of person clustering. The proposed system is able to detect human skin, hair and clothing regions and extract features robustly. By matching the features, high-precision contextual clusters are obtained which can automatically link together multiple face clusters of the same person for efficient annotation. Promising results on family photo collections demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Evaluation of 1,3‐Diaminocyclopentane‐Linked Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives as Selective α1a‐Receptor Antagonists. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MJ347-81F4 A & B, Novel Antibiotics from Amycolatopsis sp.: Taxonomic Characteristics, Fermentation, and Antimicrobial Activity. (1998)

Strain MJ347-81F4 has been found to produce two new cyclic thiazolyl peptide antibiotics, components A and B. Taxonomic studies including morphological and physiological characteristics and chemical analysis of whole cells of the producing strain revealed this microorganism to belong to genus Amycolatopsis, and so we designated the strain Amycolatopsis sp. MJ347-81F4. After 10 to 12 days of fermentation, most of the antibacterial activity was present mainly in the mycelial cake and reached its maximum level. In comparison with reference compounds, A as the major component showed excellent in vitro activity against gram-positive bacteria including highly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Enterococcus faecalis with MICs in the range of concentration of 0.006 to to approximately 0.1 microg/ml. The results on the antimicrobial activity against thiazolyl peptide-resistant mutants of Bacillus subtilis NRRL B-558 indicated that the possible molecular target of MJ347-81F4 component A might be the 50S subunits of the ribosome, the inactivation of which would inhibit protein synthesis.
S1159 Hepatic Steatosis Is Associated With Elevated Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) but Not Elevated Bilirubin or Hepatic Decompensation in Patients With Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 (2020)

INTRODUCTION: COVID-19 is a global pandemic. However, the effects of underlying liver disease on COVID-19 in the United States is not well described. We investigated whether COVID-19 was associated with elevations in liver enzymes or hepatic decompensation in patients with underlying hepatic steatosis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of consecutive adults with RT-PCR positive for COVID-19 treated at Michigan Medicine between March 1 and April 30, 2020, who had ultrasound, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging >30 days before COVID-19 diagnosis. Hepatic steatosis was defined based on imaging. Outcomes were: (1) peak ALT or bilirubin following COVID-19 diagnosis, (2) ALT >2 or 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN), defined as the higher of baseline ALT or 19 U/L in women and 30 U/L in men, (3) jaundice defined as bilirubin >2 or 4 mg/dl, and (4) new/worsening ascites or encephalopathy. We conducted regressions with the above outcomes as dependent variables and hepatic steatosis as the primary predictor, adjusting for age, sex, race, recent healthcare exposure, body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes. These regression models were logistic for outcomes of abnormal ALT or bilirubin, and linear for maximal ALT or bilirubin. RESULTS: Of patients with prior imaging, 80/159 (50.3%) had steatosis. Overall, 89% of patients were hospitalized, 51% were admitted to intensive care, and 16% died. 14% had chronic liver disease other than NAFLD, 5% had cirrhosis, and 2.7% had prior liver decompensation with ascites, variceal bleeding, or hepatic encephalopathy. Patients with steatosis were older, had higher body mass index, and were more often Black than those without steatosis (Table 1). Baseline ALT and total bilirubin were higher in the steatosis group (Table 1). Hepatic steatosis was associated with increased incidence of ALT >2x ULN (OR 2.93 [1.23–6.97]) or >5x ULN (OR 6.21 [1.45–26.62]), and with peak ALT (beta 39.7 [7.85–71.49]) (Table 2). Hepatic steatosis was not associated with increased bilirubin (Table 2). Rates of new/worsening ascites and encephalopathy were very low: 1.3% and 2.5%, respectively, with no difference based on NAFLD status (P > 0.4 for both). CONCLUSION: Hepatic steatosis is associated with acute hepatocellular injury with COVID-19 infection. Steatosis was not associated with jaundice. Rates of new/worsening ascites or hepatic encephalopathy were very low and unrelated to steatosis status.Table 1Table 2
Nucleotide Excision Repair and Template-independent Addition by HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase in the Presence of Nucleocapsid Protein (2006)

During HIV replication, reverse transcriptase (RT), assisted by the nucleocapsid protein (NC), converts the genomic RNA into proviral DNA. This process appears to be the major source of genetic variability, as RT can misincorporate nucleotides during minus and plus strand DNA synthesis. To investigate nucleotide addition or substitution by RT, we set up in vitro models containing HIV-1 RNA, cDNA, NC, and various RTs. We used the wild type RT and azidothymidine- and didanosine-resistant RTs, because they represent the major forms of resistant RTs selected in patients undergoing therapies. Results show that all RTs can add nucleotides in a non-template fashion at the cDNA 3'-end, a reaction stimulated by NC. Nucleotide substitutions were examined using in vitro systems where 3'-mutated cDNAs were extended by RT on an HIV-1 RNA template. With NC, RT extension of the mutated cDNAs was efficient, and surprisingly, mutations were frequently corrected. These results suggest for the first time that RT has excision-repair activity that is triggered by NC. Chaperoning of RT by NC might be explained by the fact that NC stabilizes an RT-DNA binary complex. In conclusion, RT-NC interactions appear to play critical roles in HIV-1 variability.
Behavioral optimization using the manipulation of timing constraints (1998)

We introduce a transformation, named rephasing, that manipulates the timing parameters in control-data-flow graphs (CDFG's) during the high-level synthesis of data-path-intensive applications. Timing parameters in such CDFG's include the sample period, the latencies between input-output pairs, the relative times at which corresponding samples become available on different inputs, and the relative times at which the corresponding samples become available at the delay nodes. While some of the timing parameters may be constrained by performance requirements, or by the interface to the external world, others remain free to be chosen during the process of high-level synthesis. Traditionally high-level synthesis systems for data-path-intensive applications either have assumed that all the relative times, called phases, when corresponding samples are available at input and delay nodes are zero (i.e., all input and delay node samples enter at the initial cycle of the schedule) or have automatically assigned values to these phases as part of the data-path allocation/scheduling step in the case of newer schedulers that use techniques like overlapped scheduling to generate complex time shapes. Rephasing, however, manipulates the values of these phases as an algorithm transformation before the scheduling/allocation stage. The advantage of this approach is that phase values can be chosen to transform and optimize the algorithm for explicit metrics such as area, throughput, latency, and power. Moreover, the rephasing transformation can be combined with other transformations such as algebraic transformations. We have developed techniques for using rephasing to optimize a variety of design metrics, and our results show significant improvements in several design metrics. We have also investigated the relationship and interaction of rephasing with other high-level synthesis tasks.
Calibration of a length-modulated radiometer (1996)

MOPITT is a satellite instrument which will be launched in 1998 on the EOS-AM1 platform of the Earth Observing System. The primary objective of the MOPITT instrument is to enhance our knowledge of the lower atmosphere by measuring atmospheric profiles of carbon monoxide (CO) and methane. Operationally MOPITT will employ a new form of correlation radiometer known as the length modulated radiometer (LMR). To date, the LMR has been successfully implemented in a ground-based remote sounding instrument measuring CO, and is currently being implemented on two airplane-based instruments known as MATR and MOPITT-A. The operating principle of the LMR is the modulation of a static gas cell path length by means of an optically inert filler material. This paper will describe aspects of the operation of an LMR. Topics that will be covered include a discussion of the sources of optical imbalance in the LMR and the radiometric calibration of the LMR with CO. An analysis of the sources of error in the radiometric calibration of an LMR will also be presented.
Air Force Waste Petroleum, Oil, and Lubricants as Boiler Fuel. (1995)

Abstract : This interim report documents the effort spent between January and December 1992. Work concentrated on literature search and survey, summarizing the data of the rate, variety, and management of waste POL generated at each Air Force base; studying DOD and commercial efforts to utilize waste POL as boiler fuel; conducting an economic incentive study; identify the environmental regulatory compliance issues; and identify and purchase of equipment. The literature review and the economic incentive study show that utilizing waste POLs as boiler fuel is possible and economically sound. Waste POL can be burned in a variety of boilers and burner types in blends with virgin boiler fuel up to 100 percent waste POL or as a fuel supplement in a coal-fired boilers. Concerns for undesirable emissions and ash residue include: (1) lead and other heavy metals; (2) inorganic elements such as sulfur, nitrogen, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine; and (3) organic elements such as antifreeze, halides, and solvents. Extra care is required at the collection points to minimize the contamination of waste POL by halogens, low flash point fuels and solvents, solids, and water. The surveys sent out to the Air Force Major Commands proved inadequate. Data received were incomplete and inaccurate. Lack of manpower and time at the individual bases contributed to the inaccuracy of the data.
Differentiation potential of mesenchymal stem cells isolated from human dental tissues into non-mesodermal lineage (2015)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess the ability to differentiate into non-mesodermal lineage, and examining their multi-potency will be beneficial for application in regenerative medicine. The present study investigated the differentiation capacity into neuronal cells of ectodermal lineage and pancreatic cells of endodermal lineage in each of MSC lines isolated from three samples of human dental papilla tissues (DPSCs). Isolated DPSC lines expressed CD13, CD44, CD73, CD90 and CD105 cell surface markers, and OCT-4, NANOG and SOX-2 transcription factors. Further, all DPSC lines differentiated into osteocytes, adipocytes and chondrocytes of mesodermal lineage, whereas telomerase activity was at a low level in all isolated DPSC lines. Following induction into neuronal cells of ectodermal lineage, the neuron-like morphological alterations and expression of neuro-filament M by immunocytochemical staining was observed in all types of DPSCs, and expression of neuronal cell-specific transcripts, NSE, MAP-2, and NESTIN was further confirmed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Moreover, following induction into pancreatic cells of endodermal lineage, all DPSC lines exhibited morphological alterations with DTZ-positive spheroid clusters, and expression of pancreatic cell-specific transcripts, INSULIN, PDX-1, and GLUT-2, was positively detected by RT-PCR. However, some of these clusters were negatively reacted with DTZ staining. The present results demonstrated that DPSCs exhibit differentiation capacity into neuronal and pancreatic cells of non-mesodermal lineage, and DPSCs could be an alternative source of MSCs for clinical applications.