gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Magnetic resonance elastography of skeletal muscle deep tissue injury (2019)

The current state-of-the-art diagnosis method for deep tissue injury in muscle, a subcategory of pressure ulcers, is palpation. It is recognized that deep tissue injury is frequently preceded by altered biomechanical properties. A quantitative understanding of the changes in biomechanical properties preceding and during deep tissue injury development is therefore highly desired. In this paper we quantified the spatial-temporal changes in mechanical properties upon damage development and recovery in a rat model of deep tissue injury. Deep tissue injury was induced in nine rats by two hours of sustained deformation of the tibialis anterior muscle. Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE), T<sub>2</sub> -weighted, and T<sub>2</sub> -mapping measurements were performed before, directly after indentation, and at several timepoints during a 14-day follow-up. The results revealed a local hotspot of elevated shear modulus (from 3.30 ± 0.14 kPa before to 4.22 ± 0.90 kPa after) near the center of deformation at Day 0, whereas the T<sub>2</sub> was elevated in a larger area. During recovery there was a clear difference in the time course of the shear modulus and T<sub>2</sub> . Whereas T<sub>2</sub> showed a gradual normalization towards baseline, the shear modulus dropped below baseline from Day 3 up to Day 10 (from 3.29 ± 0.07 kPa before to 2.68 ± 0.23 kPa at Day 10, P < 0.001), followed by a normalization at Day 14. In conclusion, we found an initial increase in shear modulus directly after two hours of damage-inducing deformation, which was followed by decreased shear modulus from Day 3 up to Day 10, and subsequent normalization. The lower shear modulus originates from the moderate to severe degeneration of the muscle. MRE stiffness values were affected in a smaller area as compared with T<sub>2</sub> . Since T<sub>2</sub> elevation is related to edema, distributing along the muscle fibers proximally and distally from the injury, we suggest that MRE is more specific than T<sub>2</sub> for localization of the actual damaged area.
Lipid-Polyglutamate Nanoparticle Vaccine Platform (2021)

Peptide-based subunit vaccines are attractive in view of personalized cancer vaccination with neo-antigens, as well as for the design of the newest generation of vaccines against infectious diseases. Key to mounting robust antigen-specific immunity is delivery of antigen to antigen-presenting (innate immune) cells in lymphoid tissue with concomitant innate immune activation to promote antigen presentation to T cells and to shape the amplitude and nature of the immune response. Nanoparticles that co-deliver both peptide antigen and molecular adjuvants are well suited for this task. However, in the context of peptide-based antigen, an unmet need exists for a generic strategy that allows for co-encapsulation of peptide and molecular adjuvants due to the stark variation in physicochemical properties based on the amino acid sequence of the peptide. These properties also strongly differ from those of many molecular adjuvants. Here, we devise a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) platform that addresses these issues. Key in our concept is poly(l-glutamic acid) (PGA), which serves as a hydrophilic backbone for conjugation of, respectively, peptide antigen (Ag) and an imidazoquinoline (IMDQ) TLR7/8 agonist as a molecular adjuvant. Making use of the PGA's polyanionic nature, we condensate PGA-Ag and PGA-IMDQ into LNP by electrostatic interaction with an ionizable lipid. We show in vitro and in vivo in mouse models that LNP encapsulation favors uptake by innate immune cells in lymphoid tissue and promotes the induction of Ag-specific T cells responses both after subcutaneous and intravenous administration.
Implementation of Stream Management at South Natuna Sea Block B, Indonesia (2018)

Abstract This paper discusses the implementation of a new methodology for conversion and management of streams for the South Natuna Sea Block B project. This project consists of multiple satellite fields, with vastly varying PVT fluid properties and transport requirements, producing to a single processing platform (Belanak FPSO). The fields are dedicated to two Gas Sales Agreements. Reservoir simulation models have been constructed, several of which include gas re-injection. Topside / Process simulation for the design and optimization of the Floating Production Storage and Offtake vessel (FPSO) requires an aggregated compositional profile versus time. Process simulation uses a detailed equation-of-state (EOS) fluid model. Until now, no software or approach exists for automated generation of aggregated compositional streams from multiple reservoirs with different fluid PVT descriptions. In this paper, software developed by PERA a/s called Petrostream Management™ (PSM) is presented, which allows consistent conversions of petroleum fluid streams from one representation to another (e.g. black oil to compositional), and aggregation of streams to a common time-basis for generation of total molar streams. PSM additionally allows the modeling of surface processing, forecasting of crude properties based on assays from individual wells, and optimized phase-in and production of all participating fields to fulfill contractual obligations while honoring the facility and model constraints. PSM calculations are based on post-processing of reservoir simulation results and are extremely fast and reliable. Critical conversions are performed at the grid-connection level for consistency and accuracy. The software has proved more than adequate for the engineers requiring an integrated solution. The technology used in PSM conversions has been validated on many applications; depletion, gas injection and multiple PVT regions are easily handled. As implemented, molar rates of streams as a function of time are easily obtained for any node in the system (platform, pipeline etc.). Filtering allows extraction of molar profiles at any level of detail (well, PVT region etc.).
Mitigating leakage errors due to cavity modes in a superconducting quantum computer (2018)

A practical quantum computer requires quantum bit (qubit) operations with low error rates in extensible architectures. We study a packaging method that makes it possible to address hundreds of superconducting qubits by means of three-dimensional wires: The large-scale quantum socket. A qubit chip is housed in a superconducting box, where both box and chip dimensions lead to unwanted modes that can interfere with qubit operations. We theoretically analyze these interference effects in the context of qubit coherent leakage. We propose two methods to mitigate the resulting errors by detuning the resonance frequency of the modes from the qubit frequency. We perform detailed electromagnetic field simulations indicating that the resonance frequency of the modes increases with the number of installed three-dimensional wires and can be engineered to be significantly higher than the highest qubit frequency. Finally, we show preliminary experimental results towards the implementation of a large-scale quantum socket.
The 1300°C Isothermal Section in the Ti–In–C Ternary Phase Diagram (2005)

In this paper we map out the 1300°C isothermal section in the Ti–In–C ternary system. Two ternary compounds exist: Ti 2 InC α and Ti 3 InC δ . At 1300°C TiC x is in equilibrium with all phases, Ti 3 InC δ is in equilibrium with all the phases except C, and Ti 2 InC is in equilibrium with all phases except Ti and C. The range of δ in Ti 3 InC δ varies from 0.95 to 0.8. A correlation was found between δ and the lattice parameters of this phase. The maximum solubilities of In and C in Ti are 14 and 4 at.%, respectively. Similarly, α in Ti 2 InC α varies from ≈0.85 to 1. The dissolution of ∼4±0.3 at.% In in TiC x reduces the C concentration to ≈24 at.%. In the In‐rich corner, a liquid region exists.
A reference induced pluripotent stem cell line for large-scale collaborative studies (2021)

Abstract Human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines are a powerful tool for studying development and disease, but the considerable phenotypic variation between lines makes it challenging to replicate key findings and integrate data across research groups. To address this issue, we sub-cloned candidate iPSC lines and deeply characterised their genetic properties using whole genome sequencing, their genomic stability upon CRISPR/Cas9-based gene editing, and their phenotypic properties including differentiation to commonly-used cell types. These studies identified KOLF2.1J as an all-around well-performing iPSC line. We then shared KOLF2.1J with groups around the world who tested its performance in head-to-head comparisons with their own preferred iPSC lines across a diverse range of differentiation protocols and functional assays. On the strength of these findings, we have made KOLF2.1J and hundreds of its gene-edited derivative clones readily accessible to promote the standardization required for large-scale collaborative science in the stem cell field. Summary The authors of this collaborative study deeply characterized human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines to rationally select a clonally-derived cell line that performs well across multiple modalities. KOLF2.1J was identified as a candidate reference cell line based on single-cell analysis of its gene expression in the pluripotent state, whole genome sequencing, genomic stability after highly efficient CRISPR-mediated gene editing, integrity of the p53 pathway, and the efficiency with which it differentiated into multiple target cell populations. Since it is deeply characterized and can be readily acquired, KOLF2.1J is an attractive reference cell line for groups working with iPSCs. Graphical abstract
High-Performance WSe2Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Technology and Integrated Circuits (2015)

Because of their extraordinary structural and electrical properties, two-dimensional materials are currently being pursued for applications such as thin-film transistors and integrated circuit. One of the main challenges that still needs to be overcome for these applications is the fabrication of air-stable transistors with industry-compatible complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate a novel high performance air-stable WSe2 CMOS technology with almost ideal voltage transfer characteristic, full logic swing and high noise margin with different supply voltages. More importantly, the inverter shows large voltage gain (∼38) and small static power (picowatts), paving the way for low power electronic system in 2D materials.
Efficient reversion of simian sarcoma virus-transformation and inhibition of growth factor-induced mitogenesis by suramin. (1986)

Simian sarcoma virus, an acutely transforming primate retrovirus with capacity to induce gliomas and sarcomas in experimental animals, has acquired its transforming properties by transducing the cellular gene sequences that encode one of the constituent chains of platelet-derived growth factor. Suramin, a drug used in the treatment of trypanosomiasis and onchocerciasis, has previously been reported to inhibit the interaction of platelet-derived growth factor with its cell surface receptor. We show here that suramin efficiently reverts the simian sarcoma virus-induced transformed phenotype in human and rat fibroblasts and propose that this is due to neutralization of an externalized v-sis product. Moreover, we show that suramin inhibits the action of a broad spectrum of growth factors.
Magneto-Thermal Analysis of an Axial-Flux Permanent-Magnet-Assisted Eddy-Current Brake at High-Temperature Working Conditions (2020)

This article proposes an analytic coupled magneto-thermal analysis of an axial-flux (AF) permanent-magnet-assisted (PMA) eddy-current brake (ECB) at high-temperature working conditions. In the topology investigated, permanent magnets (PMs) are placed into stator slot openings to increase the braking torque production capability. This modification enables to control the magnet flux by altering the dc excitation current. However, the utilization of PMs will make the construction vulnerable at high operating temperatures simply because the magnet properties and the brake capability are strongly dependent on temperature. Such problems require complex coupled multiphysics finite-element analyses to obtain the actual brake performance. The proposed approach offers a simple and effective solution that consists of magnetic and thermal models, which are coupled to each other in the time domain. The nonlinear electrical, magnetic, and thermal properties are influenced by the temperature variation in time. An AF-PMA-ECB prototype is manufactured to validate the proposed coupled models and the experimental studies confirm that the proposed approach provides very practical results to determine the working conditions of the AF-PMA-ECB at high-temperature operations.
CRISPRi screens reveal a DNA methylation-mediated 3D genome dependent causal mechanism in prostate cancer (2021)

Prostate cancer (PCa) risk-associated SNPs are enriched in noncoding cis-regulatory elements (rCREs), yet their modi operandi and clinical impact remain elusive. Here, we perform CRISPRi screens of 260 rCREs in PCa cell lines. We find that rCREs harboring high risk SNPs are more essential for cell proliferation and H3K27ac occupancy is a strong indicator of essentiality. We also show that cell-line-specific essential rCREs are enriched in the 8q24.21 region, with the rs11986220-containing rCRE regulating MYC and PVT1 expression, cell proliferation and tumorigenesis in a cell-line-specific manner, depending on DNA methylation-orchestrated occupancy of a CTCF binding site in between this rCRE and the MYC promoter. We demonstrate that CTCF deposition at this site as measured by DNA methylation level is highly variable in prostate specimens, and observe the MYC eQTL in the 8q24.21 locus in individuals with low CTCF binding. Together our findings highlight a causal mechanism synergistically driven by a risk SNP and DNA methylation-mediated 3D genome architecture, advocating for the integration of genetics and epigenetics in assessing risks conferred by genetic predispositions.
Natural Biomaterial-Based Edible and pH-Sensitive Films Combined with Electrochemical Writing for Intelligent Food Packaging (2018)

An edible and pH-sensitive film combined with electrochemical writing was developed by using gelatin, gellan gum, and red radish anthocyanins extract for intelligent food packaging. The composite film showed an orange red-to-yellow color change in the pH range of 2-12. The tensile strength, ductility, and barrier abilities to ultraviolet (UV) light and oxygen of the films were improved as the concentration of red radish anthocyanins increased. Multicolor patterns were successfully drawn on the films by using the electrochemical writing method. The composite films, which acted as gas sensors, presented visible color changes in the presence of milk and fish spoilage, while the written patterns were well-preserved. Accordingly, this composite film with written patterns could be an easy-to-use indicator with great potential for monitoring food spoilage as a part of an intelligent packaging system.
Enhancing indoor optical wireless communication system performance by sectorization (2022)

The shortage on radio spectrum forced to a high sophistication in spectrum efficiency. Optical wireless communication (OWC), rather than RF communication, may be a game changer, as the available optical spectrum is sheer unlimited. In addition, light can more easily be directed to the desired user (only). Narrowing the emitted light beams allows denser reuse, even within one room, and enables an increase in throughput. The authors report their experience from creating indoor OWC systems and verify these insights against throughput models. The trade-off between high throughput in only a narrow beam versus offering a wide coverage area is discussed. LEDs and free-form optics allow simple ways to direct a beam, which is more attractive than a phased-array as used in RF. The suitability of a Lambertian radiation patterns is challenged and compared to an optical system that is designed to provide constant irradiance. An example of a sectorized system comprising four segments with free-form optics is presented and its performance and characteristics are discussed, for a Lambertian and a directional detector
Non-polynomial Galerkin projection on deforming meshes (2013)

This paper extends Galerkin projection to a large class of non-polynomial functions typically encountered in graphics. We demonstrate the broad applicability of our approach by applying it to two strikingly different problems: fluid simulation and radiosity rendering, both using deforming meshes. Standard Galerkin projection cannot efficiently approximate these phenomena. Our approach, by contrast, enables the compact representation and approximation of these complex non-polynomial systems, including quotients and roots of polynomials. We rely on representing each function to be model-reduced as a composition of tensor products, matrix inversions, and matrix roots. Once a function has been represented in this form, it can be easily model-reduced, and its reduced form can be evaluated with time and memory costs dependent only on the dimension of the reduced space.
Variation of Growth in Height and Weight of Children II. After Infancy (1990)

To provide for early detection of abnormal changes in growth, we propose the monitoring of all children for changes in relative height and relative weight as indirect indicators of growth velocity. To this end we analyzed the growth of 2,156 children, as recorded by the child health surveillance services at ages 2 to 19 years. From their data we constructed growth standards on charts of a novel type, which allow direct reading of relative height (SD score, SDS) and relative weight (percentage deviation of weight from median weight for height and sex, %DW). Variation in height explained most (mean 60%) of the variation in weight, and age did not contribute significantly. Hence, our weight charts are height-based. Next, we defined the variations of changes in (delta) SDS and %DW during the different periods of growth. The group means of changes in each period were zero. Variation in delta SDS is widest at the earliest ages, then decreases until year 9-10 (girls) and 10-11 (boys), and again increases. For delta %DW the picture is similar. We present these variations as diagrams for use in growth screening.
Auditory fovea based speech separation and its application to dialog system (2003)

This paper presents an active direction-pass filter (ADPF) that separates sounds originating from the specified direction by using a pair of microphones. Its application to front-end processing for speech recognition is also reported. Since the performance of sound source separation by the ADPF depends on the accuracy of sound source localization (direction), various localization modules including the interaural phase difference, interaural intensity difference for each sub-band, and other visual and auditory processing are integrated hierarchically. The resulting performance of auditory localization varies according to the relative position of the sound source. The resolution of the center of the robot is much higher than that of peripherals, indicating similar property of visual fovea. To make the best use of this property, the ADPF controls the direction of a head by motor movement. In order to recognize sound streams separated by the ADPF, a hidden Markov model based automatic speech recognition is built with multiple acoustic models trained by the output of the ADPF under different conditions. A preliminary dialog system is thus implemented on an upper-torso humanoid. The experimental results prove that it works well even when two speakers speak simultaneously.
Synthesis and characterization of poly(vinylcyclohexane) derivatives (1995)

Abstract Six nearly monodisperse substituted poly(styrene) homopolymers, poly(styrene) (PS), poly(2‐methylstyrene) (P2MS), poly(3‐methylstyrene) (P3MS), poly(4‐methylstyrene) (P4MS), poly(tertiary‐butylstyrene) (PtBS), and poly(α‐methylstyrene) (FαMS) were anionically polymerized and subsequently saturated using heterogeneous hydrogenation techniques to poly(vinylcyclohexane) (PVCH), poly(2‐methylvinylcyclohexane) (P2MVCH), poly(3‐methylvinylcyclohexane) (P3MVCH), poly(4‐methylvinylcyclohexane) (P4MVCH), and poly(tertiary‐butylvinylcyclohexane) (PtBVCH), respectively. In each case, except PαMS, the materials were saturated to &gt; 99% conversion with no chain degradation. PS hydrogenations required the addition of small amounts of tetrahydrofuran to the reaction solvent cyclohexane to enhance miscibility and eliminate large‐scale chain degradation. Density gradient and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements were used to characterize the density and glass transition temperature, T g , of the unsaturated and saturated polymers. Saturation reduces the density by 3% to 11% and changes T g substantially. The greatest variation in T g is obtained with the 3‐methyl substituted species where a 63°C increase is observed, while the highest measured T g is 186°C for P2MVCH. Small‐angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on binary mixtures of hydrogenous and deuterium labeled PVCH derivatives provided a determination of bulk chain statistics. The statistical segment length is relatively insensitive to vinylcyclohexane ring substitution, except with P3MVCH where a 20% greater value is obtained. ©1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
β-alanine suppresses malignant breast epithelial cell aggressiveness through alterations in metabolism and cellular acidity in vitro (2014)

Taken together, our results suggest that β-alanine may elicit several anti-tumor effects. Our observations support the need for further investigation into the mechanism(s) of action and specificity of β-alanine as a co-therapeutic agent in the treatment of breast tumors.
Fuzzy Models of Evolvable Granularity (2010)

Considering the inherent granularity present in fuzzy modeling, the objective of this chapter is to endow fuzzy models with an important feature of evolvable granularity—granularity whose level mirrors the varying dynamics and perception of the data/system. Depending on the architecture of the fuzzy models, the changes in granularity can be directly translated into the number of rules, local models, number of fuzzy neurons, and so on. The authors revisit and redevelop Fuzzy C-Means (FCM) so that the generic algorithm could be efficiently used in the framework of dynamic data analysis. The chapter concentrates on the fundamental design aspects, namely (1) splitting and merging criteria, (2) assessment of quality of clusters that could be directly used when controlling the dynamics of the clusters and deciding on the change of the number of clusters themselves, and (3) optimization capabilities of fuzzy clustering (FCM), which could be exploited upfront when running the algorithm. Controlled Vocabulary Terms fuzzy neural nets; merging; optimisation; workstation clusters