gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Instance Search Based on Approximate Bichromatic Reverse Nearest Neighbor Search (2014)

In the TRECVID Instance Search (INS) task, it is known that use of BM25, which is an improvement of the TFIDF,greatly improves retrieval performance. Its calculation, however, requires tremendous amount of computational cost and this fact makes its use intractable. In this paper, we present its efficient computational method. Since the BM25 is obtained by solving the bichromatic reverse nearest neighbor (BRNN)search problem,we propose an approximate method for the problem based on the state-of-the-art approximate nearest neighbor search method, bucket distance hashing (BDH). An experiment using the TRECVID INS 2012 dataset showed that the proposed method reduced computational cost to less than 1/3500 of the brute-force search with keeping the accuracy.
Alternative splicing of the proadrenomedullin gene results in differential expression of gene products (2001)

The adrenomedullin (AM) gene codifies for two bioactive peptides, AM and proAM N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP). We have found two forms of the AM mRNA. Form A is devoid of introns and results in a prohormone containing both peptides. Form B retains the third intron, which introduces a premature stop codon, producing a shorter prohormone with only PAMP. Tissues with a higher B/A ratio were more immunoreactive for PAMP than for AM. The form B message was found in the cytoplasmic compartment, thus excluding that the longer message was a result of contaminating nuclear mRNA. Form B was found in cells that express PAMP but not AM. mRNA expression in a variety of cell lines was investigated by ribonuclease protection assay and form B was found in significant amounts in two of them. Treatments that modify AM expression, such as exposure to hypoxia, were shown to change the B/A ratio and the relative secretion of AM and PAMP, indicating that the splicing mechanism for AM can be modulated and is physiologically relevant. Analysis of the sequence of the third intron and the fourth exon of the AM gene found motifs compatible with a highly regulated alternative splicing mechanism.
Synthesis of proton-ionizable acyclic, macrocyclic and macrobicyclic compounds containing one or two triazole groups (2005)

New acyclic, macrocyclic and macrobicyclic compounds containing one or two proton-ionizable triazole groups are prepared and characterized. The series includes six podands, a macrocycle with one triazole and one pyridine unit in the ring, a bis-triazolo macrocycle with four pentafluorobenzyl substitutents, and two bis(crown ethers) with a triazolo group connecting the two polyether rings. The solid-state structure and solubility in supercritical carbon dioxide are determined for the bis-triazolo macrocycle with pendant pentafluorobenzyl groups.
Glass-Forming Chiral Liquid Crystalline Dimers Based on an Oligo(phenylenevinylene) Unit Exhibiting Circularly Polarized Photoluminescence (2022)

Oligo(p-phenylenevinylene)-based chiral nematic liquid crystals were synthesized. Mixtures of dimeric and monomeric materials exhibited a glassy chiral nematic phase at room temperature, and the reflection band was tunable from near UV to near IR areas by the temperature and mixing ratio of the chiral nematic materials. The reflection band could be tuned to cover the emission band of the oligo(p-phenylenevinylene) chromophores completely, resulting in the circularly polarized fluorescence with the dissymmetric factor exceeding 1.4. The reflection band could be immobilized by cooling film samples of the mixtures in ice water. The dissymmetric factor of the glassy chiral nematic films exceeded 1.3 at room temperature. From the film samples of the S-form of the chiral nematic liquid crystals emitted left-handed circularly polarized light while right-handed circularly polarized light was enhanced at the edge of the reflection band due to the Purcell effect.
Chirality-selected phase behaviour in ionic polypeptide complexes (2015)

Polyelectrolyte complexes present new opportunities for self-assembled soft matter. Factors determining whether the phase of the complex is solid or liquid remain unclear. Ionic polypeptides enable examination of the effects of stereochemistry on complex formation. Here we demonstrate that chirality determines the state of polyelectrolyte complexes, formed from mixing dilute solutions of oppositely charged polypeptides, via a combination of electrostatic and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Fluid complexes occur when at least one of the polypeptides in the mixture is racemic, which disrupts backbone hydrogen-bonding networks. Pairs of purely chiral polypeptides, of any sense, form compact, fibrillar solids with a β-sheet structure. Analogous behaviour occurs in micelles formed from polypeptide block copolymers with polyethylene oxide, where assembly into aggregates with either solid or fluid cores, and eventually into ordered phases at high concentrations, is possible. Chirality is an exploitable tool for manipulating material properties in polyelectrolyte complexation.
Search for massive long-lived particles decaying semileptonically at $${\sqrt{s}}=13\,\hbox {TeV}$$ (2022)

Abstract A search is performed for massive long-lived particles (LLPs) decaying semileptonically into a muon and two quarks. Two kinds of LLP production processes were considered. In the first, a Higgs-like boson with mass from 30 to 200 $$\text {\,GeV\!/}c^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>\,GeV\!/</mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> is produced by gluon fusion and decays into two LLPs. The analysis covers LLP mass values from 10 $$\text {\,GeV\!/}c^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>\,GeV\!/</mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> up to about one half the Higgs-like boson mass. The second LLP production mode is directly from quark interactions, with LLP masses from 10 to 90 $$\text {\,GeV\!/}c^2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>\,GeV\!/</mml:mtext> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . The LLP lifetimes considered range from 5 to 200 ps. This study uses LHCb data collected from proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13\text {\,TeV} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>13</mml:mn> <mml:mtext>\,TeV</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 5.4 $$\text {\,fb} ^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mtext>\,fb</mml:mtext> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . No evidence of these long-lived states has been observed, and upper limits on the production cross-section times branching ratio have been set for each model considered.
Imaging of Very Fast Flows with PC-UTE (2012)

The imaging of very fast flow with phase contrast magnetic resonance is limited by how much the echo time (TE) can be shortened. The long TE of conventional Cartesian-based sequences results in an increased signal loss from intravoxel dephasing and therefore unreliable velocity estimates within a voxel. A through-plane phase contrast (PC) ultrashort echo time (UTE) sequence, incorporating the velocity encoding into the slice-selection gradients, can achieve a TE that is around 25% of that of the conventional sequence. The shorter TE provides a faster snapshot of the flow and ensures less signal loss and fewer phase errors from large accelerations and spin mixing. The utilization of phase contrast ultrashort echo time (PC-UTE) techniques provide a means to investigate very fast flow regimes, in this case, jets in aortic stenosis in vivo.
Deletion of GEL2 encoding for a β(1–3)glucanosyltransferase affects morphogenesis and virulence in Aspergillus fumigatus (2005)

The first fungal glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored beta(1-3)glucanosyltranferase (Gel1p) has been described in Aspergillus fumigatus and its encoding gene GEL1 identified. Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored glucanosyltransferases play an active role in the biosynthesis of the fungal cell wall. We characterize here GEL2, a homologue of GEL1. Both homologues share common characteristics: (i) GEL1 and GEL2 are constitutively expressed during over a range of growth conditions; (ii) Gel2p is also a putative GPI-anchored protein and shares the same beta(1-3)glucanosyltransferase activity as Gel1p and (iii) GEL2, like GEL1, is able to complement the Deltagas1 deletion in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirming that Gelp and Gasp have the same enzymatic activity. However, disruption of GEL1 did not result in a phenotype whereas a Deltagel2 mutant and the double mutant Deltagel1Deltagel2 exhibit slower growth, abnormal conidiogenesis, and an altered cell wall composition. In addition, the Deltagel2 and the Deltagel1Deltagel2 mutant have reduced virulence in a murine model of invasive aspergillosis. These data suggest for the first time that beta(1-3)glucanosyltransferase activity is required for both morphogenesis and virulence in A. fumigatus.
Frequency of SOX Group B (SOX1, 2, 3) and ZIC2 antibodies in Turkish patients with small cell lung carcinoma and their correlation with clinical parameters (2005)

The frequent and stable presence of SOX Group B and/or ZIC2 antibodies in SCLC, but not in healthy individuals examined, indicates they are serological markers of SCLC. However, the correlation between known clinical parameters of less aggressive disease and seroreactivity suggests that these antibodies are indicators of better prognosis in SCLC and warrants further studies to clarify the nature of the underlying immune responses.
ChemInform Abstract: A Robust, Efficient, and Highly Enantioselective Method for Synthesis of Homopropargyl Amines. (2012)

Abstract The first general, practical, scalable, and efficient method for the synthesis of the title compounds is developed by using an inexpensive metal salt and a readily preparable ligand (five steps).
Electrosynthesis of ReS4. XAS Analysis of ReS2, Re2S7, and ReS4 (2003)

Solutions of ReS4- undergo electro-oxidation at 0.5 V vs Ag|AgCl to give black, amorphous ReS4 via a process that can be reversed at −0.9 V. The oxidative polymerization can also be effected chemically using either I2 or ferrocenium as oxidants. X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) suggests that the phases Re2S7 and ReS4 are closely related structurally. The XAS data were calibrated with studies on [ReS4]- and crystalline ReS2. For both ReS4 and Re2S7 XAS data show the presence of both S2- and S22-, with S2- being less abundant than S22-. The presence of terminal sulfides (rReS ∼ 2.14 Å) was ruled out by the EXAFS analysis. Variable temperature EXAFS studies showed that ReS4 and Re2S7 convert to ReS2 as anticipated from the results of TGA experiments. These considerations, when taken together with literature precedents, led to the reformulation of Re2S7 as ReV(S)1.5(S2)1, and correspondingly ReS4 is formulated as ReV(S)1(S2)1.5. These two materials are proposed to be members of a continuum of Re(S)1.5-1(S2)1-1.5 structures that differ in terms of their S22-/S2- ratio. Chain structures accommodate these considerations and are consistent with a largely reversible electrochemistry that regenerates ReS4-.
The Effects of Exogenous Salicylic Acid on Endogenous Phytohormone Status in Hordeum vulgare L. under Salt Stress (2022)

Acclimation to salt stress in plants is regulated by complex signaling pathways involving endogenous phytohormones. The signaling role of salicylic acid (SA) in regulating crosstalk between endogenous plant growth regulators' levels was investigated in barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i> L. 'Ince'; <i>2n</i> = 14) leaves and roots under salt stress. Salinity (150 and 300 mM NaCl) markedly reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), growth parameters, and leaf water potential (LWP), but increased proline levels in both vegetative organs. Exogenous SA treatment did not significantly affect salt-induced negative effects on RWC, LWP, and growth parameters but increased the leaf proline content of plants under 150 mM salt stress by 23.1%, suggesting that SA enhances the accumulation of proline, which acts as a compatible solute that helps preserve the leaf's water status under salt stress. Changes in endogenous phytohormone levels were also investigated to identify agents that may be involved in responses to increased salinity and exogenous SA. Salt stress strongly affected endogenous cytokinin (CK) levels in both vegetative organs, increasing the concentrations of CK free bases, ribosides, and nucleotides. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA, auxin) levels were largely unaffected by salinity alone, especially in barley leaves, but SA strongly increased IAA levels in leaves at high salt concentration and suppressed salinity-induced reductions in IAA levels in roots. Salt stress also significantly increased abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene levels; the magnitude of this increase was reduced by treatment with exogenous SA. Both salinity and SA treatment reduced jasmonic acid (JA) levels at 300 mM NaCl but had little effect at 150 mM NaCl, especially in leaves. These results indicate that under high salinity, SA has antagonistic effects on levels of ABA, JA, ethylene, and most CKs, as well as basic morphological and physiological parameters, but has a synergistic effect on IAA, which was well exhibited by principal component analysis (PCA).
Group B Streptococcus Crosses Human Epithelial Cells by a Paracellular Route (2005)

Colonization of the colon and vagina is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of group B Streptococcus (GBS) infection. However, little is known about the strategies used by GBS to translocate through the epithelial barrier during the onset of disease. We used differentiated epithelial cells grown on transwell inserts as a model of the epithelial barrier. Bacterial translocation occurred without a detectable decrease in transepithelial resistance. Whereas acapsular GBS was better able to adhere to and invade epithelial cells, the percentage of bacteria translocating across the epithelial monolayer was independent of the presence of the capsule. Transmission electron microscopy showed the intimate association of GBS with intercellular junctions and the capacity to cross the monolayer by a paracellular mechanism. This process consisted of an active and transient opening of cell junctions. Indeed, GBS was preferentially found along the cell perimeter, where it colocalized with junctional protein complexes.
Surface excitation of hybridized plasmons in metallic nanocavities (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate surface excitation of hybridized plasmons in metallic nanocavities. We developed a quasi-static model connecting this observation to plasmonic antenna behavior for extraordinary light transmission effect.
Rewriting History with Inverse RL: Hindsight Inference for Policy Improvement (2020)

Multi-task reinforcement learning (RL) aims to simultaneously learn policies for solving many tasks. Several prior works have found that relabeling past experience with different reward functions can improve sample efficiency. Relabeling methods typically ask: if, in hindsight, we assume that our experience was optimal for some task, for what task was it optimal? In this paper, we show that hindsight relabeling is inverse RL, an observation that suggests that we can use inverse RL in tandem for RL algorithms to efficiently solve many tasks. We use this idea to generalize goal-relabeling techniques from prior work to arbitrary classes of tasks. Our experiments confirm that relabeling data using inverse RL accelerates learning in general multi-task settings, including goal-reaching, domains with discrete sets of rewards, and those with linear reward functions.
Automatic Registration of Images With Inconsistent Content Through Line-Support Region Segmentation and Geometrical Outlier Removal (2018)

The implementation of automatic image registration is still difficult in various applications. In this paper, an automatic image registration approach through line-support region segmentation and geometrical outlier removal is proposed. This new approach is designed to address the problems associated with the registration of images with affine deformations and inconsistent content, such as remote sensing images with different spectral content or noise interference, or map images with inconsistent annotations. To begin with, line-support regions, namely a straight region whose points share roughly the same image gradient angle, are extracted to address the issues of inconsistent content existing in images. To alleviate the incompleteness of line segments, an iterative strategy with multi-resolution is employed to preserve global structures that are masked at full resolution by image details or noise. Then, geometrical outlier removal is developed to provide reliable feature point matching, which is based on affine-invariant geometrical classifications for corresponding matches initialized by scale invariant feature transform. The candidate outliers are selected by comparing the disparity of accumulated classifications among all matches, instead of conventional methods which only rely on local geometrical relations. Various image sets have been considered in this paper for the evaluation of the proposed approach, including aerial images with simulated affine deformations, remote sensing optical and synthetic aperture radar images taken at different situations (multispectral, multisensor, and multitemporal), and map images with inconsistent annotations. Experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed method over the existing approaches for the whole data set.
Modeling of Laboratory Heating Experiment on Saturated Callovo-Oxfordian (2013)

In order to investigate the thermal hydraulic and mechanical (THM) behavior of the clay and to enhance the knowledge about the thermal effect on the saturated clay, a laboratory heating experiment has been carried out by GRS on the callovo-oxfordian (COx) clay samples from the Underground Laboratory Bure (France). To simulate this experiment and furthermore to interpret the experimental data, a coupled THM numerical model has been developed. The material properties of numerical model consist of an elastic mechanical model based on Hooke&apos;s law, anisotropic multi-phase flow based on the van Genuchten function and Darcy’s law, and anisotropic heat transport based on Fourier’s law were combined. Special attention of the numerical approaches has been paid on the thermal expansion of different phases of gas, liquid as well as solid, which eventually induce the change of pore-water pressure.
Alternating copolymerization of ethylene and propene with the [ethylene(1-indenyl)(9-fluorenyl)]zirconium dichloride-methylaluminoxane catalyst system (1998)

The copolymerization of ethylene and propene was conducted at −40°C with the [ethylene(1-indenyl)(9-fluorenyl)]zirconium dichloride-methylaluminoxane catalyst system, and the microstructure of the resulting copolymers was analyzed in detail by 13C NMR. The content of alternating [EP] sequences increased markedly with an increase in the feed ratio of propene to ethylene. A poly(ethylene-co-propene) with a proportion of [EP] sequences over 95% was thus obtained under appropriate copolymerization conditions. It was also demonstrated that the alternating ethylene-propene copolymer is stereoregular and isotactic.
Acceptability of Contraceptive Services in the Emergency Department: A Cross-sectional Survey (2021)

The majority of women of childbearing age indicated the desire to access contraception services in the ED setting. This finding suggests favorable patient acceptability for an implementation study of contraception services in emergency care.
The spinosyns, spinosad, spinetoram, and synthetic spinosyn mimics ‐ discovery, exploration, and evolution of a natural product chemistry and the impact of computational tools (2020)

Natural products (NPs) have long been a source of insecticidal crop protection products. Like many macrolide NPs, the spinosyns originated from a soil inhibiting microorganism (Saccharopolyspora spinosa). More than 20 years after initial registration, the spinosyns remain a unique class of NP-based insect control products that presently encompass two insecticidal active ingredients, spinosad, a naturally occurring mixture of spinosyns, and spinetoram, a semi-synthetic spinosyn product. The exploration and exploitation of the spinosyns has, unusually, been tied to an array of computational tools including artificial intelligence (AI)-based quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) and most recently computer-aided modeling and design (CAMD). The AI-based QSAR directly lead to the discovery of spinetoram, while the CAMD studies have recently resulted in the discovery and building of a series of synthetic spinosyn mimics. The most recent of these synthetic spinosyn mimics show promise as insecticides targeting lepidopteran insect pests as demonstrated by field studies wherein the efficacy has been shown to be comparable to spinosad and spinetoram. These and a range of other aspects related to the exploration of the spinosyns over the past 30 years are reviewed herein. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
Modulated scattering array antenna for MIMO applications (2007)

Modulated scattering array antenna (MSAA) for MIMO applications is experimentally studied. The MSAA has a multi-antenna structure, but it is composed of only one normal antenna element together with several modulated scattering elements (MSE). The Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) which indicates the MIMO performance is measured in an indoor environment when a 2-element MSAA is used as the MIMO antenna in a 2 × 2 MIMO system. It is demonstrated that 2-stream data link can be established. However, the EVMs of the 2 streams are quite different and an averaged 7dB difference is observed due to the gain degradation of the MSE, indicating the MSAA can be used in the MIMO applications where simplifying the configuration of MIMO antenna system is taken high priority.
NERO: a biomedical named-entity (recognition) ontology with a large, annotated corpus reveals meaningful associations through text embedding (2021)

Machine reading (MR) is essential for unlocking valuable knowledge contained in millions of existing biomedical documents. Over the last two decades<sup>1,2</sup>, the most dramatic advances in MR have followed in the wake of critical corpus development<sup>3</sup>. Large, well-annotated corpora have been associated with punctuated advances in MR methodology and automated knowledge extraction systems in the same way that ImageNet<sup>4</sup> was fundamental for developing machine vision techniques. This study contributes six components to an advanced, named entity analysis tool for biomedicine: (a) a new, Named Entity Recognition Ontology (NERO) developed specifically for describing textual entities in biomedical texts, which accounts for diverse levels of ambiguity, bridging the scientific sublanguages of molecular biology, genetics, biochemistry, and medicine; (b) detailed guidelines for human experts annotating hundreds of named entity classes; (c) pictographs for all named entities, to simplify the burden of annotation for curators; (d) an original, annotated corpus comprising 35,865 sentences, which encapsulate 190,679 named entities and 43,438 events connecting two or more entities; (e) validated, off-the-shelf, named entity recognition (NER) automated extraction, and; (f) embedding models that demonstrate the promise of biomedical associations embedded within this corpus.