gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimicrobial Constituents from Machaerium Pers.: Inhibitory Activities and Synergism of Machaeriols and Machaeridiols against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium, and Permeabilized Gram-Negative Pathogens (2020)

Two new epimeric bibenzylated monoterpenes machaerifurogerol (<b>1a</b>) and 5-<i>epi</i>-machaerifurogerol (<b>1b</b>), and four known isoflavonoids (+)-vestitol (<b>2</b>), 7-<i>O</i>-methylvestitol (<b>3</b>), (+)-medicarpin (<b>4</b>), and 3,8-dihydroxy-9-methoxypterocarpan (<b>5</b>) were isolated from <i>Machaerium</i> Pers. This plant was previously assigned as <i>Machaerium multiflorum</i> Spruce, from which machaeriols A-D (<b>6</b>-<b>9</b>) and machaeridiols A-C (<b>10</b>-<b>12</b>) were reported, and all were then re-isolated, except the minor compound <b>9</b>, for a comprehensive antimicrobial activity evaluation. Structures of the isolated compounds were determined by full NMR and mass spectroscopic data. Among the isolated compounds, the mixture <b>10</b> + <b>11</b> was the most active with an MIC value of 1.25 μg/mL against methicillin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (MRSA) strains BAA 1696, -1708, -1717, -33591, and vancomycin-resistant <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> (VRE 700221) and <i>E</i>. <i>faecalis</i> (VRE 51299) and vancomycin-sensitive <i>E. faecalis</i> (VSE 29212). Compounds <b>6</b>-<b>8</b> and <b>10</b>-<b>12</b> were found to be more potent against MRSA 1708, and <b>6</b>, <b>11</b>, and <b>12</b> against VRE 700221, than the drug control ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. A combination study using an in vitro Checkerboard method was carried out for machaeriols (<b>7</b> or <b>8</b>) and machaeridiols (<b>11</b> or <b>12</b>), which exhibited a strong synergistic activity of <b>12</b> + <b>8</b> (MIC 0.156 and 0.625 µg/mL), with >32- and >8-fold reduction of MIC's, compared to <b>12</b>, against MRSA 1708 and -1717, respectively. In the presence of sub-inhibitory concentrations on polymyxin B nonapeptide (PMBN), compounds <b>10</b> + <b>11</b>, <b>11</b>, <b>12</b>, and <b>8</b> showed activity in the range of 0.5-8 µg/mL for two strains of <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>, 2-16 µg/mL against <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PAO1, and 2 µg/mL against <i>Escherichia coli</i> NCTC 12923, but were inactive (MIC > 64 µg/mL) against the two isolates of <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>.
Image fidelity verification: contourIFV (2004)

The rapidly escalating complexity of resolution enhancement techniques (RET), now commonplace in leading edge lithography, requires accurate verification to avoid yield and performance problems on the patterned wafers. Model-based verification techniques that have been derived from optical proximity correction (OPC) obtain the required checking speed from sparse sampling of the layout at discrete evaluation points along the edges of layout patterns. This sparse sampling allows accurately calibrated models to be used for full chip checking applications. However, there is a demonstrated risk of missing significant patterning errors due to the sparse and edge-centric sampling of the layout. Grid-based simulation approaches which calculate the image on a fine grid over the entire layout space accurately detect patterning problems anywhere in the layout, but can be executed at reasonable runtimes for aerial image models only. The challenge for full-chip model-based verification of RET-enhanced layouts is, therefore, a trade-off between sparse, edge-centric simulation using accurate models versus simulations using approximate models over the entire layout space. This paper presents an approach, termed contourIFV, that has been demonstrated to overcome the aforementioned problems and has been shown to provide significant value in the verification of the RET and OPC prescription.
Overview of Laser Applications in Manufacturing and Materials Processing in Recent Years (2020)

Abstract This article is to capture some of the important developments in the rapidly growing areas of laser-based manufacturing and materials processing and also to describe important technological issues pertaining to various laser-based manufacturing processes. The topics to be covered in this paper include more popularly used processes in industry such as laser additive manufacturing, laser-assisted machining, laser micromachining, laser forming, laser surface texturing, laser welding, and laser shock peening, although there are several additional areas of laser applications. In each section, a brief overview of the process is provided, followed by critical issues in implementing the process, such as properties, predictive modeling, and process monitoring, and finally some remarks on future issues that can guide researchers and practitioners.
Growable output queueing switch with shared knockout buses (2002)

In this paper, we propose a Growable Output Queueing switch with Shared knockout buses (GOQS). The proposed switch has a form of growable packet switch that consists of a packet distributing network and a set of routing networks. For the packet distributing network, we employ the sorted-banyan network. For the routing network, a set of small-scale switch modules are used. These two networks are interconnected by the shared knockout buses. With sharing the knockout bus, the following routing network can be further divided into a set of small-scale switch modules with output queue. As a result, the proposed switch has the flavor of both low complexity and the modular architecture of the switching fabric. Moreover, the output queueing of the switch modules can provide the best delay/throughput with a negligible probability of packet loss.
Biodegradable polymers based on renewable resources. V. Synthesis and biodegradation behavior of poly(ester amide)s composed of 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐D‐glucitol, α‐amino acid, and aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units (2001)

Abstract A series of poly(ester amide)s were synthesized by solution polycondensations of various combinations of p ‐toluenesulfonic acid salts of O,O′ ‐bis(α‐aminoacyl)‐1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐ D ‐glucitol and bis (p ‐nitrophenyl) esters of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids with the methylene chain lengths of 4–10. The p ‐toluenesulfonic acid salts were obtained by the reactions of 1,4:3,6‐dianhydro‐ D ‐glucitol with alanine, glycine, and glycylglycine, respectively, in the presence of p ‐toluenesulfonic acid. The polycondensations were carried out in N ‐methylpyrrolidone at 40°C in the presence of triethylamine, giving poly(ester amide)s having number‐average molecular weights up to 3.8 × 10 4 . Their structures were confirmed by FTIR, 1 H‐NMR, and 13 C‐NMR spectroscopy. Most of these poly(ester amide)s are amorphous, except those containing sebacic acid and glycine or glycylglycine units, which are semicrystalline. All these poly(ester amide)s are soluble in a variety of polar solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N ‐dimethylformamide, 2,2,2‐trifluoroethanol, m ‐cresol, pyridine, and trifluoroacetic acid. Soil burial degradation tests, BOD measurements in an activated sludge, and enzymatic degradation tests using Porcine pancreas lipase and papain indicated that these poly(ester amide)s are biodegradable, and that their biodegradability markedly depends on the molecular structure. The poly(ester amide)s were, in general, degraded more slowly than the corresponding polyesters having the same aliphatic dicarboxylic acid units, both in composted soil and in an activated sludge. In the enzymatic degradation, some poly(ester amide)s containing dicarboxylic acid components with shorter methylene chain lengths were degraded more readily than the corresponding polyesters with Porcine pancreas lipase, whereas most of the poly(ester amide)s were degraded more rapidly than the corresponding polyesters with papain. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 2721–2734, 2001
Management of small cell carcinoma of the lung.Therapy, staging, and biochemical markers (1976)

A chemotherapeutic regimen consisting of BCNU, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and procarbazine was evaluated in 43 patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung. The majority of patients received radiation therapy of the primary tumor, but chemotherapy alone was utilized in a group of patients with widely disseminated disease. In addition to thorough staging with radioisotope scans and bone marrow biopsies, a study of calcitonin and histaminase as biochemical markers was performed. The BCVP chemotherapy resulted in a complete and partial response rate of 53% when given alone or in conjunction with radiotherapy. The survival data are preliminary, but the complete responders do have a statistically significant better survival (mean of + -95 days) than the partial responders and nonresponders. Hypercalcitonemia was not detected in our patients, but elevated histaminase activity was found in eight of 24 patients with small cell carcinoma and in only one of 19 patients with squamous and large cell carcinoma.
Polarization-independent isolator using birefringent crystal walk-off (1989)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. W. CHANG and W. V. SORIN, "Polarization-independent isolator using birefringent crystal walk-off," in Optical Fiber Communication Conference, Vol. 5 of 1989 OSA Technical Digest Series (Optica Publishing Group, 1989), paper THF1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Debris disks around stars in the NIKA2 era (2020)

The new NIKA2 camera at the IRAM 30m radiotelescope was used to observe three known debris disks in order to constrain the SED of their dust emission in the millimeter wavelength domain. We have found that the spectral index between the two NIKA2 bands (1mm and 2mm) is consistent with the Rayleigh-Jeans regime (λ -2 ), unlike the steeper spectra (λ -3 ) measured in the submillimeter-wavelength domain for two of the three disks - around the stars Vega and HD107146. We provide a succesful proof of concept to model this spectral inversion in using two populations of dust grains, those smaller and those larger than a grain radius a 0 of 0.5mm. This is obtained in breaking the slope of the size distribution and the functional form of the absorption coefficient of the standard model. The third disk - around the star HR8799 - does not exhibit this spectral inversion but is also the youngest.
Structural basis of allosteric modulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor activation and desensitization (2023)

-Agonists and PAMs drive mGluR activation, desensitization, and endocytosis-PAMs are desensitization-biased and synergistic with agonists-Four combinatorial ligand conditions reveal an ensemble of full-length mGluR structures with novel interfaces-Activation and desensitization involve rolling TMD interfaces which are re-shaped by PAM.
bcl-2 oncoprotein in surgically resected nonsmall cell lung cancer: Possibly favorable prognostic factor in association with low incidence of distant metastasis (1997)

The expression of bcl-2 oncoprotein in NSCLCs may be an early event of tumor development, especially in squamous cell carcinomas, and may be of importance in determining tumor progression and prognosis.
CD40/CD40L contributes to hypercholesterolemia-induced microvascular inflammation (2008)

Hypercholesterolemia is associated with phenotypic changes in endothelial cell function that lead to a proinflammatory and prothrombogenic state in different segments of the microvasculature. CD40 ligand (CD40L) and its receptor CD40 are ubiquitously expressed and mediate inflammatory responses and platelet activation. The objective of this study was to determine whether CD40/CD40L, in particular T-cell CD40L, contributes to microvascular dysfunction induced by hypercholesterolemia. Intravital microscopy was used to quantify blood cell adhesion in cremasteric postcapillary venules, endothelium-dependent vasodilation responses in arterioles, and microvascular oxidative stress in wild-type (WT) C57BL/6, CD40-deficient ((-/-)), CD40L(-/-), or severe combined immune deficient (SCID) mice placed on a normal (ND) or high-cholesterol (HC) diet for 2 wk. WT-HC mice exhibited an exaggerated leukocyte and platelet recruitment in venules and impaired vasodilation responses in arterioles compared with ND counterparts. A deficiency of CD40, CD40L, or lymphocytes attenuated these responses to HC. The HC phenotype was rescued in CD40L(-/-) and SCID mice by a transfer of WT T cells. Bone marrow chimeras revealed roles for both vascular- and blood cell-derived CD40 and CD40L in the HC-induced vascular responses. Hypercholesterolemia induced an oxidative stress in both arterioles and venules of WT mice, which was abrogated by either CD40 or CD40L deficiency. The transfer of WT T cells into CD40L(-/-) mice restored the oxidative stress. These results implicate CD40/CD40L interactions between circulating cells and the vascular wall in both the arteriolar and venular dysfunction elicited by hypercholesterolemia and identify T-cell-associated CD40L as a key mediator of these responses.
BNT162b vaccines are immunogenic and protect non-human primates against SARS-CoV-2 (2020)

Abstract A safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19 is urgently needed in quantities sufficient to immunise large populations. We report the preclinical development of two BNT162b vaccine candidates, which contain lipid-nanoparticle (LNP) formulated nucleoside-modified mRNA encoding SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein-derived immunogens. BNT162b1 encodes a soluble, secreted, trimerised receptor-binding domain (RBD-foldon). BNT162b2 encodes the full-length transmembrane spike glycoprotein, locked in its prefusion conformation (P2 S). The flexibly tethered RBDs of the RBD-foldon bind ACE2 with high avidity. Approximately 20% of the P 2S trimers are in the two-RBD ‘down,’ one-RBD ‘up’ state. In mice, one intramuscular dose of either candidate elicits a dose-dependent antibody response with high virus-entry inhibition titres and strong TH1 CD4 + and IFNγ + CD8 + T-cell responses. Prime/boost vaccination of rhesus macaques with BNT162b candidates elicits SARS-CoV-2 neutralising geometric mean titres 8.2 to 18.2 times that of a SARS-CoV-2 convalescent human serum panel. The vaccine candidates protect macaques from SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with BNT162b2 protecting the lower respiratory tract from the presence of viral RNA and with no evidence of disease enhancement. Both candidates are being evaluated in phase 1 trials in Germany and the United States. BNT162b2 is being evaluated in an ongoing global, pivotal Phase 2/3 trial ( NCT04380701 , NCT04368728 ).
Electrical Stimulation of the Gut for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Automatic Eating Detection (2008)

Sensing of gastric activity can be used for detection of food intake. The synchronization of gastric stimulation to periods of food intake is correlated with metabolic outcomes. AED may also benefit other applications such as drug delivery and control of food restriction devices.
A time-resolved CMOS image sensor with high conversion-gain pixels and pipelined ADCs (2017)

This paper presents a CMOS image sensor with high conversion-gain pixels and column-shared pipelined ADCs for Fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Pixel conversion gain of 121 uV/e-is achieved by creating a distal floating diffusion from transfer gate and reset transistor gate without any process modification. 32-channel 10-bit on-chip column-shared pipelined ADCs with sampling rate up to 5MS/s are designed using area-efficient ring amplifiers for the sensor readout. The ring amplifiers are designed based on actively-biased technique which reduces the area further by 40%. This image sensor chip is fabricated in a standard 180nm CMOS image sensor (CIS) process.
Blind system identification for speech dereverberation with Forced Spectral Diversity (2009)

The common zeros problem for blind system identification (BSI) is well known. It degrades the performance of classic BSI algorithms and therefore imposes the limit on the performance of subsequent speech dereverberation. The effect of near-common zeros has recently been studied in terms of channel diversity and the degradation in performance of BSI and multichannel equalization algorithms has been shown. We now introduce a novel approach to improve channel diversity which we refer to as Forced Spectral Diversity (FSD). The FSD concept uses a combination of spectral shaping filters and effective channel undermodelling. Simulation results show that the proposed approach achieves improved performance with reduced complexity for multichannel BSI in a room acoustics example.
The Effect of Combustion System on Engine Noise (1975)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The effects of using different combustion systems on engine noise are reviewed including an examination of noise reduction methods such as shielding, enclosure and structural modifications. Comparisons are made of direct injection and indirect injection systems and a new noise prediction formula for IDI engines is proposed.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The use of turbocharging is examined and the limiting effects of mechanical noise noted. The variation of exhaust emission levels with reduction of combustion noise is included.&lt;/div&gt;
Lorentz Contact Resonance Imaging for Atomic Force Microscopes: Probing Mechanical and Thermal Properties on the Nanoscale (2013)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been widely used in both industry and academia for imaging the surface topography of a material with nanoscale resolution. However, often little other information is obtained. Contact resonance AFM (CR-AFM) is a technique that can provide information about the viscoelastic properties of a material in contact with an AFM probe by measuring the contact stiffness between the probe and sample. In CR-AFM, an AFM cantilever is oscillated, and the amplitude and frequency of the resonance modes of the cantilever are monitored. When a probe or sample is oscillated, the tip sample interaction can be approximated as an ideal spring-dashpot system using the Voigt-Kelvin model shown in Figure 1. Contact resonance frequencies of the AFM cantilever will shift depending on the contact stiffness, k, between the tip and sample. The damping effect on the system comes from dissipative tip sample forces such as viscosity and adhesion. Damping, η, is observed in a CR-AFM system by monitoring the amplitude and Q factor of the resonant modes of the cantilever. This contact stiffness and damping information can then be used to obtain information about the viscoelastic properties of the material when fit to an applicable model.
A nonvolatile charge-addressed memory (NOVCAM) cell (1975)

A nonvolatile charge-addressed memory (NOVCAM) cell is described in a 64-bit shift register configuration. The charge address is performed by a charge-coupled device (CCD) shift register and the information is stored in metal-nitride-oxide-silicon (MNOS) nonvolatile sites located in parallel with the CCD shift register. The tunneling electric field strength across the thin-oxide MNOS structure is controlled by the magnitude of the charge transferred from the CCD register. The write, erase, and read modes of operation are discussed with typical /spl plusmn/20 V 10 /spl mu/s write/erase, and 2 V 2 /spl mu/s read conditions. Readout is accomplished by parallel stabilized charge injection from a diffused p/n junction to minimize access time to the first bit.
Oligo(N‐methylalanine) as a Peptide‐Based Molecular Scaffold with a Minimal Structure and High Density of Functionalizable Sites (2022)

Abstract Functionalizable synthetic molecules with nanometer sizes and defined shapes in water are useful as molecular scaffolds to mimic the functions of biomacromolecules and develop chemical tools for manipulating biomacromolecules. Herein, we propose oligo( N ‐methylalanine) (oligo‐NMA) as a peptide‐based molecular scaffold with a minimal structure and a high density of functionalizable sites. Oligo‐NMA forms a defined shape in water without hydrogen‐bonding networks or ring constraints, which enables the molecule to act as a scaffold with minimal atomic composition. Furthermore, functional groups can be readily introduced on the nitrogens and α‐carbons of oligo‐NMA. Computational and NMR spectroscopic analysis suggested that the backbone structure of oligo‐NMA is not largely affected by functionalization. Moreover, the usefulness of oligo‐NMA was demonstrated by the design of protein ligands. The ease of synthesis, minimal structure, and high functionalization flexibility makes oligo‐NMA a useful scaffold for chemical and biological applications.
Pharmacological profile of a novel, potent and oral TRPA1 antagonist. Characterization in a preclinical model of induced cough (2015)

<b>Introduction:</b> Treatment of chronic cough is an unmet medical need impairing patients9 quality of life. Transient Receptor Potential Ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels may provide a safe opportunity to target cough response at the periphery of the cough reflex arc. Poor potency and physicochemical properties of available TRPA1 antagonists are hampering their advance in the clinics. Here we describe a novel, potent and orally available TRPA1 antagonist, compound A, and its profile in preclinical models of cough. <b>Objectives</b> To profile the TRPA1 antagonist Compound A in in vitro assays and in a preclinical model of induced cough. In vitro profile was compared with that of HC030031. <b>Methods:</b> Potency of the compounds was assessed in calcium fluorescence based assays and electrophysiology in cells overexpressing TRPA1. Inhibition of isolated guinea pig (gp) vagus nerve depolarization induced by acrolein was used as functional in vitro assay. Cough was induced upon nebulization of 10mM Allyl Isothiocyanate (AITC) for 10 minutes in conscious gp individually placed into whole body plethysmography chambers (Buxco). <b>Results:</b> Compound A showed a potent TRPA1 antagonist activity with enhanced efficacy at inhibiting isolated gp vagus nerve depolarization (EC50=80nM). Favorable oral pharmacokinetic profile translated in a relevant efficacy at inhibiting cough induced by AITC in gp (ED50=0.17mg/kg). <b>Conclusions:</b> Compound A is an orally available, potent and novel TRPA1 antagonist that has proven to be efficacious in a mechanistic model of induced cough. Promising profile of Compound A suggests it could be useful for the treatment of chronic cough associated to respiratory diseases.
Measurement and Modeling of Acoustic Fields in a Gel Phantom at High Intensities (2006)

The goal of this work was to compare measured and numerically predicted HIFU pressure waveforms in water and a tissue‐mimicking phantom. Waveforms were measured at the focus of a 2‐MHz HIFU transducer with a fiber optic hydrophone. The transducer was operated with acoustic powers ranging from 2W to 300W. A KZK‐type equation was used for modeling the experimental conditions. Strongly asymmetric nonlinear waves with peak positive pressure up to 80 MPa and peak negative pressure up to 20 MPa were measured in water, while waves up to 50 MPa peak positive pressure and 15 MPa peak negative pressure were measured in tissue phantoms. The values of peak negative pressure corresponded well with numerical simulations and were significantly smaller than predicted by linear extrapolation from low‐level measurements. The values of peak positive pressures differed only at high levels of excitation where bandwidth limitations of the hydrophone failed to fully capture the predicted sharp shock fronts.