gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of the Serine/Threonine Kinase SGK1 on the Epithelial Na<sup>+</sup> Channel (ENaC) and CFTR: Implications for Cystic Fibrosis (2001)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by impaired Cl(-) secretion and increased Na(+) reabsorption in several tissues including respiratory epithelium. Many CFTR mutations have been identified over the past years. However, only a poor correlation between the genotype and lung phenotype was found suggesting additional factors influencing the phenotype and course of the disease. The serine/threonine kinase SGK1 has recently been shown to stimulate the activity of the epithelial Na(+) channel ENaC. A variety of stimuli such as aldosterone, cell shrinkage, insulin or TGF-beta1 stimulate transcription and activate the SGK1 kinase. Here we further examined the effects of SGK1 on ENaC and CFTR which have mutual interactions and we analyzed sgk1 mRNA abundance in lung tissue from CF patients. Coexpression of CFTR and h-SGK1 in Xenopus oocytes increased ENaC currents as previously described. In addition CFTR mediated currents were also stimulated. h-SGK1 accelerated the expression of the amiloride sensitive Na(+)- current in Xenopus oocytes paralleled by increased ENaC-protein abundance in the oocyte membrane, an effect which was reversed by a h-SGK1(K127R) mutation lacking the ATP-binding site. The cation selectivity or Na(+) affinity were not affected. However, coexpression of h-SGK1 with ENaC altered the sensitivity of the Na(+)-channel to the inhibitors amiloride and triamterene. The inhibitory effect of CFTR expression on ENaC current was not affected by coexpression of h-SGK1 in Xenopus oocytes. Lung tissue from CF patients strongly expressed the serine/threonine kinase h-sgk1 which was not the case for non-CF lung tissue. Loss of CFTR function itself in a CF lung epithelial cell line did not increase SGK1 expression. In summary, enhanced expression of h-SGK1 in epithelial cells of CF-lung tissue may be a novel pathophysiological factor contributing to increased Na(+) channel activity and thus to increased Na(+) transport in CF.
Non-histone chromosomal protein HMG1 modulates the histone H1-induced condensation of DNA. (1987)

Circular dichroic spectra revealed that the previously known regular, asymmetric condensation of DNA by H1 histone was modulated by HMG1, a nonhistone chromosomal protein. Under approximately physiological salt and pH conditions (150 mM NaCl, pH 7), ellipticities at 270 nm were observed as follows: DNA, 9 X 10(3) degree, cm2/dmol nucleotide; DNA X H1 histone complex (1:0.4, w/w), -37 X 10(3) degree, cm2/dmol nucleotide, and DNA X H1 X HMG1 complex (1:0.4:0.4 w/w/w), -52 X 10(3) degree, cm2/dmol. HMG1 by itself did not distort the spectrum of DNA, showing that the effect of HMG1 on the DNA X H1 complex was not simply the summation of individual effects of HMG1 and H1 on the DNA spectrum. The effect of added HMG1 on the spectrum of the preformed DNA X H1 complex depended on the amount of HMG1 added and developed slowly (a day) as if a structure required annealing. The ternary complex, DNA X HMG1 X 1, seemed to represent a specific structure, since its formation depeNded on the reduced sulfhydryl state of HMG1; the disulfide form of HMG1, which was shown by circular dichroism to contain more random coil than did the reduced form, had no effect on the circular dichroic spectrum of the DNA X H1 complex.
Amiodarone pneumonitis: three further cases with a review of published reports. (1984)

Three further patients are presented who developed evidence of a parenchymal pulmonary disturbance in the course of treatment with amiodarone. In one case the progress of the condition was rapid and ended fatally. Histological examination of the lungs showed evidence of diffuse alveolar damage. The concentration of amiodarone was from four to seven times higher in the lungs than in other organs studied. The concentration of the metabolite desethylamiodarone in the lungs was even higher in relation to other organs studied. The remaining two patients showed a more insidious onset and improvement after withdrawal of amiodarone and treatment with corticosteroids. Gallium 67 scintigraphy appeared to be a sensitive indicator of this adverse effect. Review of published reports revealed 35 cases of amiodarone pneumonitis, including the cases reported in this study. In 11 instances the dose of amiodarone was 400 mg or less. The onset was either insidious or rapidly progressive. Exertional dyspnoea was always present and a nonproductive cough, hypoxaemia, a raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate and diminished carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (transfer factor) were usually noted. Chest radiographs showed either a reticular pattern or diffuse patchy alveolar infiltrates. Discontinuation of amiodarone and an institution of corticosteroid treatment was usually followed by improvement or resolution.
Sensing and Actuation in a Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine (1991)

A complete set of equations describing the conservation of mass, momentum, and energy, and multicomponent transport and chemical reaction in a liquid propellant rocket (LPR) engine are given, along with appropriate boundary conditions. The formulation includes a detailed description of the two-phase (gas/liquid) flow in terms of a moving boundary problem, with droplets and vapor occupying time-dependent subdomains of the LPR chamber. Several sensor and actuator types are considered in detail, and their mathematical descriptions are incorporated into the differential equations and boundary conditions.
Functional Radiogenetic Profiling Implicates ERCC6L2 in Non-homologous End Joining (2020)

Using genome-wide radiogenetic profiling, we functionally dissect vulnerabilities of cancer cells to ionizing radiation (IR). We identify ERCC6L2 as a major determinant of IR response, together with classical DNA damage response genes and members of the recently identified shieldin and CTC1-STN1-TEN1 (CST) complexes. We show that ERCC6L2 contributes to non-homologous end joining (NHEJ), and it may exert this function through interactions with SFPQ. In addition to causing radiosensitivity, ERCC6L2 loss restores DNA end resection and partially rescues homologous recombination (HR) in BRCA1-deficient cells. As a consequence, ERCC6L2 deficiency confers resistance to poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition in tumors deficient for both BRCA1 and p53. Moreover, we show that ERCC6L2 mutations are found in human tumors and correlate with a better overall survival in patients treated with radiotherapy (RT); this finding suggests that ERCC6L2 is a predictive biomarker of RT response.
Breakdown and Recovery of Thin Gate Oxides (2000)

Breakdown events are studied in varying test set-ups with a high time resolution. Often a partial recovery from breakdown is observed within a few ms. Parameters such as device area, stress conditions and parasitic elements prohibit the recovery if they result in a high system impedance. The results suggest the existence of a highly conductive path that can be annihilated during breakdown.
Structure of porous Vycor glass (1987)

Small-angle neutron scattering experiments investigating the structure of porous Vycor glass are reported. The long-wave-length behavior ($0.004{\AA{}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\ensuremath{\le}q\ensuremath{\le}0.025{\AA{}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$) of the measured structure factor $S(q)$ is in good agreement with Cahn's prediction for spinodal decomposition. The high-$q$ data do not conclusively establish whether the internal surfaces are fractally rough over the length scales probed. Experiments on Vycor contrasted with protonated and deuterated cyclohexane reveal local composition gradients within the glass.
Unified Architecture of an Integrated SDM-WSS Employing a PLC-Based Spatial Beam Transformer Array for Various Types of SDM Fibers (2017)

There is no doubt that wavelength-division multiplexing will continuously play an important role in future space-division multiplexing (SDM) capable optical networks. In this paper, we propose a unified architecture for integrated wavelength selective switches (WSSs) that can be applied to various types of SDM fibers and reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer switching types. A recently reported planar lightwave circuit (PLC)-based spatial beam transformer (SBT) array is anticipated to be used as a key enabler for the architecture to integrate multiple WSSs on a single liquid crystal on silicon beam steering device. The architecture enables individual switching and power adjustment functionality of an SDM-WSS that supports an uncoupled single-mode multicore fiber (SM-MCF) in an economical manner. The same architecture provides fractional joint wavelength switching functionality in an SDM-WSS for a few-mode MCF (FM-MCF) and a grouped-coupled-core MCF (GCC-MCF) as well as joint wavelength switching in an SDM-WSS for multiple few-mode fibers with almost no additional hardware complexity. Preliminary scalability evaluation shows that a 1&#x00D7;24 individual switching SDM-WSS for a single-mode eight-core uncoupled MCF or a 1&#x00D7;7 fractional joint wavelength switching SDM-WSS for a three-mode eight-core FM-MCF or a three-coupled-core &#x00D7; eight-group GCC-MCF is feasible using the SBT array design reported in the literature. The evaluation also shows that compared to the traditional approach based on conventional WSSs, the proposed architecture is anticipated to reduce the hardware footprint requirement by parallelism factor mC, where m and C indicate the number of modes per core and the number of cores per fiber, respectively.
Integration of seismic data and while-drilling logs to reduce drilling uncertainty (2011)

PreviousNext No Access12th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15–18 August 2011Integration of seismic data and while-drilling logs to reduce drilling uncertaintyAuthors: C. EsmersoyA. KaniaA. RamirezA. HannanL. LuS. TeebennyL. DuanT. BuntingC. EsmersoyWesternGeco, A. KaniaWesternGeco, A. RamirezWesternGeco, A. HannanWesternGeco, L. LuWesternGeco, S. TeebennyWesternGeco, L. DuanWesternGeco, and T. BuntingWesternGecohttps://doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-209 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Abstract Seismic is used as a primary input in planning and execution of drilling projects. However, it is not always used to its full potential. An earth model consisting of structural information with geological targets, faults, and with relevant formation properties such as pore pressure and fracture gradient guide drilling decisions to help place the well in the right "geological" target and to avoid drilling hazards. The best possible accuracy and resolution at the well location is required; therefore all available information needs to be optimally combined and used with the latest model building and imaging technologies. This information includes the while-drilling well logs from the well being drilled as well as any offset wells and other local geological knowledge. The lack of adequate technologies, measurements, and turnaround time limitations, has made this type of optimum utilization of integrated seismic and well data impractical until now. Recent developments in model building, rapid and accurate imaging technologies, and the availability of new well measurements have made this optimum combination a reality. This new approach has been used in a Gulf of Mexico well, demonstrating the potential value it can provide to drillers. Keywords: migration, seismic, imaging, fracture, Gulf of Mexico, drillingPermalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-209FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByValidating earth models for depth imaging using 3D VSP information: A case study from the Green Canyon area of the Gulf of MexicoArturo Ramirez-Cuellar, Suyang Chen, Betty Koechner, Olga Zdraveva, and Marta Woodward1 September 2016 12th International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society & EXPOGEF, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 15–18 August 2011ISSN (online):2159-6832Copyright: 2011 Pages: 2223 publication data© 2011 Published in electronic format with permission by the Brazilian Geophysical SocietyPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 13 Mar 2014 CITATION INFORMATION C. Esmersoy, A. Kania, A. Ramirez, A. Hannan, L. Lu, S. Teebenny, L. Duan, and T. Bunting, (2011), "Integration of seismic data and while-drilling logs to reduce drilling uncertainty," SEG Global Meeting Abstracts : 1008-1011. https://doi.org/10.1190/sbgf2011-209 Plain-Language Summary KeywordsmigrationseismicimagingfractureGulf of MexicodrillingPDF DownloadLoading ...
Thermal atomic layer etching of silicon nitride using an oxidation and “conversion etch” mechanism (2020)

Thermal atomic layer etching (ALE) of silicon nitride was achieved using sequential exposures of oxygen (O2) or ozone (O3), hydrofluoric acid (HF), and trimethylaluminum [TMA, Al(CH3)3]. Thermal Si3N4 ALE will be useful to etch Si3N4 in semiconductor, optoelectronic, and MEMS devices. Thermal Si3N4 ALE was performed with Si3N4 thin films deposited on silicon wafers using low pressure chemical vapor deposition. In situ spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) was employed to monitor the changes in the Si3N4 film thickness as well as the SiO2 layer thickness. The SE results at 290 °C yielded an Si3N4 etch rate of 0.25 Å/cycle with an O2-HF-TMA reactant sequence using partial pressures of 250, 0.65, and 1.2 Torr for O2, HF, and TMA, respectively. The O2, HF, and TMA reactants were held statically at the indicated partial pressures for 10, 5, and 5 s, respectively. Larger etch rates were observed using O3 instead of O2 as the oxidant. A higher Si3N4 etch rate of 0.47 Å/cycle was measured at 290 °C using an O3-HF-TMA reactant sequence at the same partial pressures and static exposure times as the O2-HF-TMA sequence. The Si3N4 etch rate was observed to decrease at lower temperatures. An Si3N4 etch rate of 0.07 Å/cycle was measured at the lowest temperature of 210 °C using an O3-HF-TMA reactant sequence. The Si3N4 surface roughness was reduced after Si3N4 ALE. The SiO2 layer on Si3N4 could be removed using sequential HF and TMA exposures. These sequential HF and TMA exposures could also very slowly etch the Si3N4 substrate. The Si3N4 etch rate was dependent on the reaction sequence. When an O3-TMA-HF sequence was employed with reactant partial pressures of 250, 0.65, and 1.2 Torr for O3, HF, and TMA, respectively, the Si3N4 etch rate was 0.20 Å/cycle at 290 °C. Thermal Si3N4 ALE adds to the growing list of materials that can be etched with atomic layer control using thermal chemistry.
<title>Stress-dependent kinetics of UV-induced refractive index change in germanosilicate fibers</title> (1997)

We show that kinetics of Bragg grating formation are sensitive to the external stress applied on the fiber. This leads us to revisit the model of variable reaction pathway (VAREPA model) which accounts for the experimental index change power law. Conclusions are that a power law is still obtained for low sensitivity, just the pre-exponential factor is changed. This is consistent with the experiment. However, an isotropic strain dependent VAREPA model gives rise to an equivalent sensitivity on the mean index and on the modulation which is not consistent with the experiment. It is thus not excluded that another mechanism leading to stress redistribution was active.
β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC) Inhibits SARS-CoV-2 Through Lethal Mutagenesis But Is Also Mutagenic To Mammalian Cells (2022)

Mutagenic ribonucleosides can act as broad-based antiviral agents. They are metabolized to the active ribonucleoside triphosphate form and concentrate in the genomes of RNA viruses during viral replication. β-D-N 4-hydroxycytidine (NHC, the initial metabolite of molnupiravir) is more than 100-fold more active than ribavirin or favipiravir against SARS-CoV-2, with antiviral activity correlated to the level of mutagenesis in virion RNA. However, NHC also displays host mutational activity in an animal cell culture assay, consistent with RNA and DNA precursors sharing a common intermediate of a ribonucleoside diphosphate. These results indicate that highly active mutagenic ribonucleosides may hold risk for the host.
Adiabatic slice‐selective rf pulses and a single‐shot adiabatic localization pulse sequence (1995)

Abstract The localization quality of frequency‐selective adiabatic radio frequency (rf) pulses is subtantially less affected by rf inhomogeneity than is the localization of amplitude‐modulated pulses. For this reason, adiabatic pulses are popular for use in experiments carried out with rf coils that produce inhomogeneous rf fields. Starting with the Schrodinger equation, the Bloch equations are derived, neglecting relaxation. The adiabatic principle is introduced, and it is demonstrated that accurate adiabatic localization is possible with simple schemes for amplitude and frequency modulation. Adiabatic pulses perform well only in an rf amplitude range limited by a lower and an upper bound. Phase‐compensated, slice‐selective adiabatic 2π pulses are used in a variant of the single‐shot localization method, SADLOVE, for which a theoretical quantitative model of the localization performance is derived. A simple variant of the VERSE method to reduce the rf pulse energy of adiabatic pulses is presented.
Matrix Isolation Laser Raman Spectroscopy: The Raman Spectrum and Molecular Structure of Xenon Dichloride (1971)

Abstract The technique of matrix isolation infrared spectroscopy has proven on numerous occasions to be an extremely powerful tool for determining vibrational frequencies and molecular structures of highly reactive species. The need for reliable Raman data on comparable systems is obvious.
Capnocytophaga canimorsus bacteraemia demonstrated by a positive peripheral blood smear (1993)

The observation of bacteria in a peripheral blood smear was conducive to the diagnosis of Capnocytophaga canimorsus septicaemia in a patient with no definite record of animal bites. Multiple rods were seen extracellularly and within the cytoplasm of neutrophils. The blood culture became positive after 18 h of incubation. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) was manifest and infarction of the spleen was suspected. Direct examination of peripheral blood smears could be a valuable adjunct in the diagnosis of overwhelming bacteraemia.
Role of Kupffer cells in gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction in mice (1997)

Kupffer cells (KCs) have been implicated in the leukocyte recruitment and microvascular dysfunction associated with liver inflammation. The overall objective of this study was to assess the role of KCs in the leukocyte adhesion and oxidative stress elicited in the liver by gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). The accumulation of rhodamine-6G-labeled leukocytes and the number of nonperfused sinusoids (NPS) were monitored (by intravital microscopy) in mouse liver for 1 hour after a 15-minute period of normothermic intestinal ischemia. Autofluorescence of pyridine nucleotide [NAD(P)H] was measured as an index of mitochondrial O2 consumption and redox status. Leukostasis, as well as increases in NPS and NAD(P)H autofluorescence (indicating hypoxia), were observed in the liver at 60 minutes after gut I/R. Pretreatment with gadolinium chloride (GdCl3), which reduces KC function, attenuated the liver leukostasis and NPS elicited by gut I/R. The platelet activating factor (PAF) antagonist, WEB2086, and a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha-specific antibody were also effective in attenuating the gut I/R-induced leukostasis and NAD(P)H autofluorescence. The findings of this study suggest that KCs play an important role in mediating the leukocyte recruitment, impaired sinusoidal perfusion, and tissue hypoxia elicited in the liver after gut I/R. These KC-mediated responses appear to involve the participation of both PAF and TNF-alpha.
Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacodynamics of ABT ‐122, a Tumor Necrosis Factor– and Interleukin‐17–Targeted Dual Variable Domain Immunoglobulin, in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis (2017)

The results of these phase I studies suggest that dual neutralization of TNF and IL-17 with ABT-122 has characteristics acceptable for further exploration of therapeutic potential in TNF- and IL-17A-driven immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Finite wordlength requirements for adaptive signal processing elements in digital QAM ADSL systems (2002)

Asymmetric digital subscriber line (ADSL) services attempt to provide high rate data transmission on a variety of copper loops both inside and outside the carrier service area. The data rates range from 1.6 Mbps half-duplex on long loops to 6 Mbps half-duplex on shorter loops. Thus far, several studies have been performed on the performance of different ADSL system architectures, but little attention has been paid to the wordlength requirements of the transceiver ASIC that is at the heart of an economical implementation. In this paper we focus on the adaptive equalizer block of the system proposed by Daneshrad and Samueli (1992). Results of studies are presented that show the minimum word lengths for the front-end analog-to-digital converter (A/D) as well as the different signals within the adaptive filters of the equalizer. For both the feedforward equalizer (FFE) and the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) wordlength requirements of four signals are studied (a) the filter input, (b) the multiply-accumulator at the output of the filter, (c) the number of bits required to store and update the adaptive coefficient, (d) the number of coefficient bits actually used in the filtering operation. It is found that a 10 bit A/D is sufficient for such a system, and that all other signals studied require no more than 22 bits of dynamic range. Armed with such information, the system designer can use the minimum word lengths without sacrificing system performance, while at the same time reducing the size, power consumption, and cost of the transceiver ASIC (application specific integrated circuit).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>