gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drug therapy for the pregnant dental patient. (2012)

Providing needed dental treatment, managing oral infection, and controlling pain are essential functions of dentists for helping patients maintain overall health during pregnancy. Medications commonly required for dental care consist of local anesthetics and associated vasoconstrictors, centrally and peripherally acting analgesics, sedative and anxiolytic agents, and antibiotics. Therapeutic drugs routinely used in dental practice are selected because of their known safety and effectiveness. However, for a pregnant patient requiring dental care, the agents routinely prescribed should be reevaluated for potential risks to the mother and/or fetus. The decision to administer a specific drug requires that the benefits outweigh the potential risks of the drug therapy. This article reviews and updates the recommendations for using dental therapeutic agents, thereby enabling general practitioners to select the safest drugs when treating pregnant dental patients.
ChemInform Abstract: ADDITION REACTIONS OF BENZO(B)THIOPHENE. PART 2. REACTIONS OF SUBSTITUTED BENZO(B)THIOPHENES IN BENZENE OR TOLUENE (1982)

Abstract Die Reaktion entsprechender Benzothiophene (I) mit Benzol bzw. Toluol (II) in Gegenwart von AlCl 3 führt zu regioisomeren Deri‐ ,raten (II) und (III); teilweise werden als Nebenprodukte auch entsprechend substituierte dimere Verbindungen (V)‐(IX) gebildet (Tabelle; Zahlenangaben bezeichnen die prozentualen Produktanteile).
Sampling Clock Frequency Offset Compensation for Feature Detection in Spectrum Sensing (2010)

Reliable spectrum sensing is one of the main challenges in the development of cognitive radios. To achieve the high probability of detection at very low SNRs, some feature detection schemes have been proposed in the literature based on the cyclo-stationarity theorem. One limitation of such methods is their high sensitivity to RF and analog impairments. This paper focuses on analysis and compensation of sampling clock frequency offset (SCFO) between the DAC (at transmitter side) and the ADC (at detector side). We show that for an SCFO of 20 ppm and for a pilot-aided cyclo-stationary detector, the performance degradation in detection thresholds reach 7 dB and 12 dB for 50 ms and 100 ms sensing periods, respectively. We then present a method to compensate for such significant degradations in the presence of SCFO. Our analysis and simulations show that using this technique, we can achieve a performance within 1.5 dB of the no-offset ideal scenario.
Quantifying Properties of Polysaccharide Solutions (2021)

We apply a scaling theory of semidilute polymer solutions to quantify solution properties of polysaccharides such as galactomannan, chitosan, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, xanthan, apple pectin, cellulose tris(phenyl carbamate), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, sodium hyaluronate, sodium alginate, and sodium κ-carrageenan. In particular, we obtain the molar mass of the chain segment inside a correlation blob <i>M</i> <sub>g</sub> = <i>B̂</i> <sup>3/(3ν-1)</sup> <i>c</i> <sup>1/(1-3ν)</sup> as a function of concentration <i>c</i>, interaction parameter <i>B̂</i>, and exponent ν. Parameter <i>B̂</i> assumes values <i>B̂</i> <sub>g</sub>, <i>B̂</i> <sub>th</sub> and <i>M</i> <sub>0</sub>/<i>N</i> <sub>A</sub> <sup>1/3</sup> <i>l</i> for exponents <i>v</i> = 0.588, 0.5 and 1, respectively, where <i>M</i> <sub>0</sub> is the molar mass of a repeat unit, <i>l</i> is the projection length of a repeat unit, and <i>N</i> <sub>A</sub> is the Avogadro number. In the different solution regimes, the values of the <i>B̂</i>-parameters are extracted from the plateaus of the normalized specific viscosity η<sub>sp</sub> (<i>c</i>)/<i>M</i> <sub>w</sub> <i>c</i> <sup>1/(3ν-1)</sup>, where <i>M</i> <sub>w</sub> is the weight-average molecular weight of the polymer chain. The values of the <i>B̂</i>-parameters are used in calculations of the excluded volume <i>v</i>, Kuhn length <i>b</i>, and crossover concentrations <i>c</i>*, <i>c</i> <sub>th</sub>, and <i>c</i>** into a semidilute polymer solution, a solution of overlapping thermal blobs and a concentrated polymer solution, respectively. This information is summarized as a diagram of states of different polysaccharide solution regimes by implementing a <i>v</i>/<i>bl</i> <sup>2</sup> and <i>c</i>/<i>c</i>** representation. The scaling approach is extended to the entangled solution regime, allowing us to obtain the chain packing number, <i>P̃</i> <sub>e</sub>. This completes the set of parameters {<i>B̂</i> <sub>g</sub>, <i>B̂</i> <sub>th</sub>, <i>P̃</i> <sub>e</sub>} which uniquely describes the static and dynamic properties of a polysaccharide solution.
Mycoplasma fermentans Binds to and Invades HeLa Cells: Involvement of Plasminogen and Urokinase (2004)

ABSTRACT Adherence of Mycoplasma fermentans to HeLa cells followed saturation kinetics, required a divalent cation, and was enhanced by preincubation of the organism at 37°C for 1 h in a low-osmolarity solution. Proteolytic digestion, choline phosphate, or anti-choline phosphate antibodies partially inhibited the adherence, supporting the notion that M. fermentans utilizes at least two surface components for adhesion, a protease-sensitive surface protein and a phosphocholine-containing glycolipid. Plasminogen binding to M. fermentans greatly increased the maximal adherence of the organism to HeLa cells. Anti-plasminogen antibodies and free plasminogen inhibited this increase. These observations suggest that in the presence of plasminogen the organism adheres to novel sites on the HeLa cell surface, which are apparently plasminogen receptors. Plasminogen-bound M. fermentans was detected exclusively on the cell surface of the infected HeLa cells. Nevertheless, plasminogen binding in the presence of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) promoted the invasion of HeLa cells by M. fermentans . The latter finding indicates that the invasiveness of M. fermentans does not result from binding plasminogen but from activation of the bound plasminogen to plasmin. Cholesterol depletion and sequestration with β-cyclodextrin and filipin, respectively, did not affect the capacity of M. fermentans to adhere, but invasion of HeLa cells by uPA-activated plasminogen-bound M. fermentans was impaired, suggesting that lipid rafts are implicated in M. fermentans entry.
Distributed Programming with Objects and Threads in the Clouds System. (1991)

ABSTRACT The CLOUDS operating system supports a distributed environment consisting of compute servers, data servers and user workstations. The resulting environment logically simulates an integrated, centralized computing system. In addition, CLOUDS supports a programming paradigm that makes distributed programming simpler. Distributed programs can be written in a centralized fashion and yet they can exploit parallelism and distribution at runtime. The system paradigm is based on an object/thread model. The basic building blocks for applications are persistent memory (called objects) and computation (called threads). Unlike most systems, CLOUDS separates the notion of memory from computation. Programming environments based on these abstractions, though unconventional, provide powerful tools for composing applications that exploit concurrency and distribution.
Control of brain glutamine synthesis by NMDA receptors (2006)

Glutamine synthetase (GS) is involved in important processes in brain: modulation of the turnover of glutamate through the glutamate-glutamine cycle, detoxification of ammonia and, under certain circumstances, modulation of brain edema. Modulation of GS activity in brain is therefore important and its impairment or saturation may have pathological consequences. In this review we summarize the data showing that GS in brain is modulated by NMDA receptors and nitric oxide. Blocking NMDA receptors or nitric oxide synthase in vivo increases GS activity and glutamine content in brain, indicating that tonic activation of NMDA receptors and nitric oxide synthase maintain a tonic inhibition of GS. NMDA receptor-mediated activation of nitric oxide synthase is responsible only for part of the inhibition of GS. Other sources of nitric oxide also contribute to tonic inhibition. The inhibition is due to a covalent modification of GS, likely nitration of tyrosine residues. This modification would be reversible and it would be an enzyme that denitrosylate or denitrate GS. Moreover, GS would not be working at maximum rate and its activity may be increased pharmacologically by manipulating NMDA receptors or nitric oxide content. This may be useful for example to increase ammonia detoxification in brain in hyperammonemic situations.
Kinetic and Theoretical Studies on Ni0/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkene Hydroacylation (2016)

A combined kinetic and theoretical study was conducted in order to clarify the details on the reaction mechanism for Ni<sup>0</sup> /ItBu-catalyzed intramolecular alkene hydroacylation. The results confirm the hypothesis that this intramolecular hydroacylation proceeds through an oxanickelacycle key intermediate.
Collaborative Multi-Radars Tracking by Distributed Auctions (2022)

In this paper, we present an algorithm which lies in the domain of task allocation for a set of static autonomous radars with rotating antennas. It allows a set of radars to allocate in a fully decentralized way a set of active tracking tasks according to their location, considering that a target can be tracked by several radars, in order to improve accuracy with which the target is tracked. The allocation algorithm proceeds through a collaborative and fully decentralized auction protocol, using a collaborative auction protocol (Consensus Based Bundle Auction algorithm). Our algorithm is based on a double use of our allocation protocol among the radars. The latter begin by allocating targets, then launch a second round of allocation if theyhave resources left, in order to improve accuracy on targets already tracked. Our algorithm is also able to adapt to dynamism, i.e. to take into account the fact that the targets are moving and that the radar(s) most suitable for Tracking them changes as the mission progresses. To do this, the algorithm is restarted on a regular basis, to ensure that a bid made by a radar can decrease when the target moves away from it. Since our algorithm is based on collaborative auctions, it does not plan the following rounds, assuming that the targets are not predictable enough for this. Our algorithm is however based on radars capable of anticipating the positions of short-term targets, thanks to a Kalman filter. The algorithm will be illustrated based on a multi-radar tracking scenario where the radars, autonomous, must follow a set of targets in order to reduce the position uncertainty of the targets. Standby aspects will not be considered in this scenario. It is assumed that the radars can pick up targets in active pursuit, with an area ofuncertainty corresponding to their distance.
High aspect ratio micro actuation mechanism (2002)

A micro actuating structure with an out-of-plane erected body is designed, fabricated and tested. Different from the traditional micro actuators, which are located on substrate surface, this new actuation mechanism is capable of producing linear motion at a point far from substrate. This unique advantage brings the possibility of driving other 3-D structures for on or out-of-wafer applications like optical alignment or precise manipulation. The unique design of the planar structure fabricated by surface micromachining is making use of elastic polyimide joints to bring a movable large silicon plate in front of an other plate to form a parallel plate capacitor. The area of the capacitive plate is 430 microns/spl times/330 microns where the height of the structure is about 1 mm. A 2-D simplified mechanical model of the structure is build and used to estimate the mechanical behavior of the structure by using a commercial finite element analysis program.
Level-set multilayer growth model for predicting printability of buried native extreme ultraviolet mask defects (2015)

The availability of defect-free masks is considered to be a critical issue for enabling extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) as the next generation technology. Since completely defect-free masks will be hard to achieve, it is essential to have a good understanding of the printability of EUV mask defects. In this work, two native mask blank defects were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-section transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the defect printability of the characterized native mask defects was evaluated using simulations implementing the finite-difference time-domain and the waveguide algorithms. The simulation results were compared with through-focus aerial images obtained at the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool (AIT), an EUV mask-imaging microscope at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. The authors found agreement between the through-focus simulation results and the AIT results. To model the Mo/Si multilayer growth over the native defects, which served as the input for the defect printability simulations, a level-set technique was used to predict the evolution of the multilayer disruption over the defect. Unlike other models that assume a constant flux of atoms (of materials to be deposited) coming from a single direction, this model took into account the direction and incident fluxes of the materials to be deposited, as well as the rotation of the mask substrate, to accurately simulate the actual deposition conditions existing inside the ion beam deposition tool. The modeled multilayer growth was compared to the cross-section TEM images through the defects, as well as to the AFM scans for the given defects, and a good agreement was observed between them.
Two cases of gallbladder metastasis from renal cell carcinoma and review of literature (2016)

RCC metastasis to the gallbladder is associated with an unusual pattern of concomitant metastasis. Symptoms are not common. Simple cholecystectomy is associated with increased OS and nil local or port site recurrence. Young age and short DFI are associated with decreased OS.
Highly ordered transparent mesoporous TiO2 thin films: an attractive matrix for efficient immobilization and spectroelectrochemical characterization of cytochrome c (2009)

We demonstrate remarkably fast incorporation and high loading of cytochrome c within thin films of periodically ordered nanocrystalline TiO(2) deposited on transparent electrodes. The immobilized cytochrome c is not denaturated and it can be reversibly reduced without mediator over the time scale of a few seconds as evidenced by spectroelectrochemistry.
Development of an Innovative Quantification Assay Based on Aptamer Sandwich and Isothermal Dumbbell Exponential Amplification (2022)

Detecting blood biomarkers such as proteins with high sensitivity and specificity is of the utmost importance for early and reliable disease diagnosis. As molecular probes, aptamers are raising increasing interest for biosensor applications as an alternative to antibodies, which are used in classical enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assays (ELISA). We have developed a sensitive and antibody-free molecular quantification assay that combines the specificity of aptamers and the sensitivity of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). For the proof-of-concept, we consider two types of biomarkers: (i) a model of oligonucleotide mimicking nucleic acid targets and (ii) the thrombin involved in the complex coagulation cascade as a model protein for which two relevant aptamers form a stable sandwich. The assay protocol is based on a few successive steps, similar to sandwich ELISA. First, aptamer-coated magnetic beads are added to the sample to specifically capture the targets. Then, the sandwich complex is formed by adding the second aptamer. This secondary aptamer is integrated in a larger oligonucleotide dumbbell sequence designed for LAMP detection using only two primers. After a proper rinsing step, the isothermal dumbbell exponential amplification is performed to detect and quantify a low amount of targets (limit of detection ∼ 1 pM for the oligonucleotide and ∼100 pM for thrombin). This study demonstrates that our innovative aptamero-LAMP assay could be relevant for the detection of different types of biomarkers and their quantification at physiological levels. This may also pave the way for antibody-free molecular assays.
Synthetic pulmonary perfusion images from 4DCT for functional avoidance using deep learning (2021)

<i>Purpose.</i>To develop and evaluate the performance of a deep learning model to generate synthetic pulmonary perfusion images from clinical 4DCT images for patients undergoing radiotherapy for lung cancer.<i>Methods</i>. A clinical data set of 58 pre- and post-radiotherapy<sup>99m</sup>Tc-labeled MAA-SPECT perfusion studies (32 patients) each with contemporaneous 4DCT studies was collected. Using the inhale and exhale phases of the 4DCT, a 3D-residual network was trained to create synthetic perfusion images utilizing the MAA-SPECT as ground truth. The training process was repeated for a 50-imaging study, five-fold validation with twenty model instances trained per fold. The highest performing model instance from each fold was selected for inference upon the eight-study test set. A manual lung segmentation was used to compute correlation metrics constrained to the voxels within the lungs. From the pre-treatment test cases (<i>N</i> = 5), 50th percentile contours of well-perfused lung were generated from both the clinical and synthetic perfusion images and the agreement was quantified.<i>Results</i>. Across the hold-out test set, our deep learning model predicted perfusion with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.70 (IQR: 0.61-0.76) and a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.66 (IQR: 0.49-0.73). The agreement of the functional avoidance contour pairs was Dice of 0.803 (IQR: 0.750-0.810) and average surface distance of 5.92 mm (IQR: 5.68-7.55).<i>Conclusion</i>. We demonstrate that from 4DCT alone, a deep learning model can generate synthetic perfusion images with potential application in functional avoidance treatment planning.
A novel extensin gene encoding a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein requires sucrose for its wound-inducible expression in transgenic plants. (1996)

A novel hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein (SbHRGP3) that consists of two different domains is encoded by an extensin gene from soybean. The first domain (domain 1) located at the N terminus is composed of 11 repeats of Ser-Pro4-Lys-His-Ser-Pro4-Tyr3-His, whereas the second domain (domain 2) at the C terminus contains five repeats of Ser-Pro4-Val-Tyr-Lys-Tyr-Lys-Ser-Pro4-Tyr-Lys-Tyr-Pro-Ser-Pro5-Tyr-Lys-T yr- Pro-Ser-Pro4-Val-Tyr-Lys-Tyr-Lys. These two repeat motifs are organized in an extremely well-ordered pattern in each domain, which suggests that SbHRGP3 belongs to a new group of proteins having the repeat motifs of two distinct groups of dicot extensins. The expression of the SbHRGP3 gene increased with seedling maturation, and its expression was relatively high in the mature regions of the hypocotyl and in the root of soybean seedlings. An SbHRGP3-beta-glucuronidase (SbHRGP3-GUS) chimeric gene was constructed and expressed in transgenic tobacco plants. The expression of the SbHRGP3-GUS gene was not induced by wounding alone in transgenic tobacco plants; sucrose was also required. Expression was specific to phloem tissues and cambium cells of leaves and stems. In transgenic tobacco seedlings, SbHRGP3-GUS gene expression was activated by the maturation of the primary root and then inactivated; however, reactivation was specifically at the epidermis of the zone from which the lateral root was to be initiated. Its reactivation occurred just before the lateral root initiation. These results indicate that the SbHRGP3 gene in different tissues responds to different signals.
Single‐Step Syntheses of 2‐Amino‐7‐chlorothiazolo[5,4‐d]pyrimidines: Intermediates for Bivalent Thiazolopyrimidines. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Stereospecific, Intermolecular Biaryl-Coupling Approach to Korupensamine A En Route to the Michellamines (1999)

By what means and how well can axial chirality be controlled in an intermolecular Suzuki biaryl cross-coupling reaction? The directionality of reductive elimination [Eq. (1)] is completely controlled by using a strategically positioned internal ligand L to afford a single biaryl atropisomer corresponding to the korupensamine A skeleton. TIPS=iPr(3)Si, Ts=H(3)CC(6)H(4)SO(2).
Automatic Generation of RBF Networks (1995)

Learning can be viewed as mapping from an input space to an output space. Examples of these mappings are used to construct a continuous function that approximates the given data and generalizes for intermediate instances. Radial basis function (RBF) networks are used to formulate this approximating function. A novel method is introduced that automatically constructs a RBF network for a given mapping and error bound. This network is shown to be the smallest network within the error bound for the given mapping. The integral wavelet transform is used to determine the parameters of the network. Simple one-dimensional examples are used to demonstrate how the network constructed using the transform is superior to one constructed using standard ad hoc optimization techniques. The paper concludes with the automatic generation of a network for a multidimensional problem, namely, object recognition and pose estimation. The results of this application are favorable.
Effect of annealing temperature on local distortion ofLa0.67Ca0.33MnO3thin films (2000)

Mn K-edge fluorescence data are presented for thin-film samples $(3000\AA{})$ of colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}{\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}:$ as deposited, and post annealed at 1000 and 1200 K. The local distortion is analyzed in terms of three contributions: static, phonon, and an extra, temperature-dependent, polaron term. The polaron distortion is very small for the as-deposited sample and increases with the annealing temperature. In contrast, the static distortion in the samples decreases with the annealing temperature. Although the local structure of the as-deposited sample shows very little temperature dependence, the change in resistivity with temperature is the largest of these three thin-film samples. The as-deposited sample also has the highest magnetoresistance, which indicates some other mechanism may also contribute to the transport properties of CMR samples. We also discuss the relationship between local distortion and the magnetization of the sample.
Context‐Dependent Crowd Evaluation (2010)

Abstract Many times, even if a crowd simulation looks good in general, there could be some specific individual behaviors which do not seem correct. Spotting such problems manually can become tedious, but ignoring them may harm the simulation's credibility. In this paper we present a data‐driven approach for evaluating the behaviors of individuals within a simulated crowd. Based on video‐footage of a real crowd, a database of behavior examples is generated. Given a simulation of a crowd, an analog analysis is performed on it, defining a set of queries, which are matched by a similarity function to the database examples. The results offer a possible objective answer to the question of how similar are the simulated individual behaviors to real observed behaviors. Moreover, by changing the video input one can change the context of evaluation. We show several examples of evaluating simulated crowds produced using different techniques and comprising of dense crowds, sparse crowds and flocks.