gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ELight: Toward Efficient and Aging-Resilient Photonic In-Memory Neurocomputing (2022)

Optical phase change material (PCM) has emerged promising to enable photonic in-memory neurocomputing in optical neural network (ONN) designs. However, massive photonic tensor core (PTC) reuse is required to implement large matrix multiplication due to the limited single-core scale. The resultant large number of PCM writes during inference incurs serious dynamic energy costs and overwhelms the fragile PCM with limited write endurance, causing the severe aging issue. Moreover, the aged PCM would distort the stored value and significantly degrade the reliability of PTC. In this work, we propose a holistic solution, <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ELight</monospace> , to tackle both the aging issue and the post-aging reliability issue, where a proactive aging-aware optimization framework minimizes the overall PCM write cost and a post-aging tolerance scheme overcomes the effect of aged PCM. Specifically, in the aging-aware optimization part, we propose write-aware training to encourage the similarity among weight blocks and combine it with a post-training optimization technique to reduce programming efforts by eliminating redundant writes. Next, an efficient groupwise row-based weight-PTC remapping scheme is introduced to tolerate the reprogrammability degradation due to the aged PCM. Experiments show that <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ELight</monospace> can achieve over <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20 \times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> reductions in the total number of write operations and dynamic energy cost with comparable accuracy. Moreover, <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ELight</monospace> can guarantee significant accuracy recovery under the aged PCM within photonic memories. With our <monospace xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ELight</monospace> , photonic in-memory neurocomputing will step forward toward practical applications in machine learning with order-of-magnitude longer lifetime, lower programming energy cost, and significant resilience against PCM aging effects.
Field-plate design for edge termination in silicon carbide high-power Schottky diodes (2011)

Theoretical two-dimensional simulations have been performed using the ATLAS device simulator from Silvaco (Santa Clara, CA) to investigate the influence of field plate on the high-power performance of n-type 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes. For the simulations, the doping level of the substrate, the permittivity of the dielectric layer, the thickness of the dielectric layer, the length of the field plate, and the thickness of the field plate have been critically analyzed. The peak electric fields both at the edge of the field plate and inside the dielectric layer have been calculated. The dependence of the junction breakdown voltage on the substrate doping level, the diode temperature, the dielectric layer thickness, and the permittivity of the dielectric layer has been examined. Theoretical simulations have been compared with available experiments, which lend support to the validity of the present results. It has been observed that only a combined impact of optimization of various parameters can lead to the best improvements in field-plated diodes. The optimized overlap between the Schottky-metal contact and the field plate underneath this contact has particularly been found very important. Also, the dielectric layer thickness should neither be very small nor very large, and the doping concentration should preferably be around ND=1×1015 cm−3. A small dielectric layer thickness generates a very large electric field. On the other hand, a large dielectric layer thickness exhibits a very high impact ionization potential. The newest and perhaps the most exciting finding of this investigation is a novel structure exhibiting composite dielectric deposited on the SiC substrate and a second dielectric covering the field-plate edge.
Overloaded satellite receiver using SIC with hybrid beamforming and ML detection (2013)

In this paper, a new receiver structure that is intended to detect the signals from multiple adjacent satellites in the presence of other interfering satellites is proposed. We tackle the worst case interference conditions, i.e., it is assumed that uncoded signals that fully overlap in frequency arrive at a multiple-element small-size parabolic antenna in a spatially correlated noise environment. The proposed successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver, denoted by SIC Hy/ML, employs hybrid beamforming and disjoint maximum likelihood (ML) detection. Depending on the individual signals spatial position, the proposed SIC Hy/ML scheme takes advantage of two types of beamformers: a maximum ratio combining (MRC) beamformer and a compromised array response (CAR) beamformer. The performance of the proposed receiver is compared to an SIC receiver that uses only MRC beamforming scheme with ML detection for all signals, a joint ML detector, and a minimum mean square error detector. It is found that SIC Hy/ML outperforms the other schemes by a large margin.
A new method of phosphorus-selenium bond cleavage. Stereocontrolled synthesis of P-chiral phosphoric-trifluoroacetic anhydrides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA new method of phosphorus-selenium bond cleavage. Stereocontrolled synthesis of P-chiral phosphoric-trifluoroacetic anhydridesLucyna A. Wozniak, Bozenna Krzyzanowska, and Wojciech J. StecCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 22, 6057–6060Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00048a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views252Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (592 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
How Uncertainty on the Fiber Span Lengths Influences QoT Estimation Using Machine Learning in WDM Networks (2020)

We investigate how a machine learning-based QoT estimator performs depending on different features selections, on homogeneity of the learned light paths and on uncertainty of their span lengths using artificial database for the France43 network.
Valence electron energy-loss spectroscopy of silicon negative electrodes for lithium batteries (2009)

All compounds present in the lithium-silicon binary phase diagram were synthesized and analyzed by electron energy-loss spectroscopy. In order to limit beam damage, and to develop a fast and local method of characterizing silicon negative electrodes, the valence energy-loss spectrum region was investigated, in particular the very intense plasmon peak in these alloys. Experimental spectra are in strong agreement with theoretical ones obtained from density functional theory. These results constitute a database for Li(x)Si alloys' plasmon energies. The method is applied to the study of the first discharge of a silicon electrode, thus identifying a Li(2.9+/-0.3)Si phase in equilibrium with Si on the voltage plateau. A nucleation process of this phase in the pristine Si is revealed, as well as a possible over-lithiation beyond the end of discharge Li(15)Si(4) crystalline phase.
Chemokine-Releasing Microparticles Improve Bacterial Clearance and Survival of Anthrax Spore-Challenged Mice (2016)

In this study the hydrogel microparticles (MPs) were used to enhance migration of neutrophils in order to improve outcome of anthrax infection in a mouse model. Two MP formulations were tested. In the first one the polyacrylamide gel MPs were chemically coupled with Cibacron Blue (CB) affinity bait. In the second one the bait molecules within the MPs were additionally loaded with neutrophil-attracting chemokines (CKs), human CXCL8 and mouse CCL3. A non-covalent interaction of the bait with the CKs provided their gradual release after administration of the MPs to the host. Mice were challenged into footpads with Bacillus anthracis Sterne spores and given a dose of MPs a few hours before and/or after the spores. Pre-treatment with a single dose of CK-releasing MPs without any additional intervention was able to induce influx of neutrophils to the site of spore inoculation and regional lymph nodes correlating with reduced bacterial burden and decreased inflammatory response in footpads. On average, in two independent experiments, up to 53% of mice survived over 13 days. All control spore-challenged but MP-untreated mice died. The CB-coupled particles were also found to improve survival likely due to the capacity to stimulate release of endogenous CKs, but were less potent at decreasing the inflammatory host response than the CK-releasing MPs. The CK post-treatment did not improve survival compared to the untreated mice which died within 4 to 6 days with a strong inflammation of footpads, indicating quick dissemination of spores though the lymphatics after challenge. This is the first report on the enhanced innate host resistance to anthrax in response to CKs delivered and/or endogenously induced by the MPs.
Molecular genetics of adrenocortical tumor formation and potential pharmacologic targets. (2012)

Abnormalities in the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway have been linked to the formation of benign adrenal tumors, as well as a possible predisposition to adrenocortical cancer. Mutations in the G-protein coupled receptor are associated with McCune-Albright syndrome and ACTH-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia, while defects in cAMP-dependent protein kinase A can lead to the development of Carney's complex, as well as primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD), and micronodular adrenocortical hyperplasia (MAH). Defects in phosphodiesterases, which regulate cAMP levels, have also been demonstrated in PPNAD and MAH. The Wnt signaling pathway, which is involved in oncogenesis in a variety of tumors, has also been implicated in adrenocortical tumorigenesis. MicroRNA profiling has added to our understanding of the signaling pathways involved in tumor formation in the adrenal cortex. Will this all lead to the development of specific targets for pharmacologic therapies? In this article, we review the molecular genetics of adrenocortical tumors and refer to potential targets for pharmacologic therapy.
Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of pyranose 2-oxidase from the white-rot fungusTrametes multicolor (2003)

Pyranose 2-oxidase (P2Ox) is a 270 kDa homotetrameric flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of D-glucose to 2-keto-D-glucose. P2Ox participates in lignin degradation by white-rot fungi and a tentative role of the enzyme is the production of H(2)O(2) for lignin peroxidases. Crystals of Trametes multicolor P2Ox were grown from monomethylether PEG 2000, sodium acetate, MgCl(2) and Ta(6)Br(12). They belong to space group P2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 99.9, b = 101.7, c = 135.6 A, beta = 90.85 degrees. X-ray diffraction data to 2.0 A resolution were collected using synchrotron radiation. Self-rotation function calculations suggest that the asymmetric unit contains one homotetramer with 222 point-group symmetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Functionalization of Amino Acids in Water: A Synthetic Method via Catalytic C—H Bond Activation. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Exercise training decreases the concentration of malonyl-CoA and increases the expression and activity of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase in human muscle (2006)

The study was designed to evaluate whether changes in malonyl-CoA and the enzymes that govern its concentration occur in human muscle as a result of physical training. Healthy, middle-aged subjects were studied before and after a 12-wk training program that significantly increased VO2 max by 13% and decreased intra-abdominal fat by 17%. Significant decreases (25-30%) in the concentration of malonyl-CoA were observed after training, 24-36 h after the last bout of exercise. They were accompanied by increases in both the activity (88%) and mRNA (51%) of malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD) in muscle but no changes in the phosphorylation of AMP kinase (AMPK, Thr172) or of acetyl-CoA carboxylase. The abundance of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha), a regulator of transcription that has been linked to the mediation of MCD expression by PPARalpha, was also increased (3-fold). In studies also conducted 24-36 h after the last bout of exercise, no evidence of increased whole body insulin sensitivity or fatty acid oxidation was observed during an euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp. In conclusion, the concentration of malonyl-CoA is diminished in muscle after physical training, most likely because of PGC-1alpha-mediated increases in MCD expression and activity. These changes persist after the increases in AMPK activity and whole body insulin sensitivity and fatty acid oxidation, typically caused by an acute bout of exercise in healthy individuals, have dissipated.
Subcellular Localization of Galactosyltransferase Associated with Tumors in Endometrial and Ovarian Cancer Cells. (2003)

Frozen or resin sections of normal human endometrium, endometrial adenocarcinoma, and ovarian adenocarcinoma were examined with two monoclonal antibodies for galactosyltransferase associated with tumor (GAT) by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. One antibody (MAb8628) stained the trans-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus, the trans-Golgi network, and the intracytoplasmic vesicles more intensely in cancer cells than in normal endometrial glandular cells. The other antibody (MAb8513) stained intracytoplasmic vesicles more intensely in cancer cells than in normal cells. MAb8513 also showed moderate staining of the trans-cisternae of the Golgi apparatus and trans-Golgi network in cancer cells, but only faint staining of these structures in normal glandular cells, indicating that GAT was overexpressed in the cancer cells. An immunofluorescence study using serial semithin cryosections (1 μm) demonstrated that the staining pattern of each antibody was different inside a single cancer cell, conforming to the two patterns mentioned above. The reason for this difference in staining remains unclear. GAT is a soluble form of β1,4-galactosyltransferase, so a difference in the cleavage site of the membrane-bound peptide may cause changes in immunoreactivity after its conversion to the soluble form (i.e., GAT) in endometrial or ovarian adenocarcinoma cells.
BOFdat: generating biomass objective function stoichiometric coefficients from experimental data (2018)

Abstract Genome-scale models (GEMs) rely on a biomass objective function (BOF) to predict phenotype from genotype. Here we present BOFdat, a Python package that offers functions to generate biomass objective function stoichiometric coefficients (BOFsc) from macromolecular cell composition and relative abundances of macromolecules obtained from omic datasets. Growth-associated and non-growth associated maintenance (GAM and NGAM) costs can also be calculated by BOFdat. BOFdat is freely available on the Python Package Index (pip install BOFdat). The source code and an example usage (Jupyter Notebook and example files) are available on GitHub ( https://github.com/jclachance/BOFdat ). The documentation and API are available through ReadTheDocs ( https://bofdat.readthedocs.io ). Contact jean-christophe.lachance@usherbrooke.ca , zaking@eng.ucsd.edu , pierre-etienne.jacques@usherbrooke.ca
When malloc() Never Returns NULL -- Reliability as an Illusion (2022)

For decades, the guidance given to software engineers has been to check the memory allocation results. This validation step is necessary to avoid crashes. However, in user mode, in modern operating systems (OS), such as Android, FreeBSD, iOS, and macOS, the caller does not have an opportunity to handle the memory allocation failures. This behavioral trait results from the actions of a system component called an out-of-memory (OOM) killer. We identify that the only mainstream OS that, by default, lets applications detect memory allocation failures is Microsoft Windows. The false expectation that an application can handle OOM errors can negatively impact its design. The presence of error-handling code creates an illusion of reliability and is wasteful in terms of lines of code and code size. We describe the current behavior of a sample of popular OSs during low-memory conditions and provide recommendations for engineering practices going forward.
A Practical Large-Scale Synthesis of (3R,4R)-4-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol via Asymmetric 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition (2005)

(3R,4R)-4-(Hydroxymethyl)pyrrolidin-3-ol (1), which is a useful intermediate for the synthesis of various bioactive molecules, has been synthesized in 51% overall yield by 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction from the dipolarophile, (E)-3-benzyloxypropenoyl-(2‘S)-bornane-10,2-sultam (5), and the achiral ylide precursor, N-(benzyl)-N-(methoxymethyl)-N-(trimethylsilylmethyl)amine (6), without using chromatography and the subsequent reduction with LAH and catalytic hydrogenation. The diastereomers 7 and 8 were separated by crystallization, and efficient procedures were developed for the subsequent reactions to afford 1.
New family of non-chemically amplified resists (1998)

Non-chemically amplified resists offer advantages over chemically-amplified (CA) resists because they are less susceptible to temperature variations and contaminants. In order for non-CA resists to be viable, they have to perform lithographically at an equivalent level with the CA resists from the point of view of quantum yield, resolution and etch resistance. We report here on new non-CA resists based on polymer esters that undergo deesterification to the corresponding acids upon exposure to UV, x-ray and e-beam radiation. The efficiency of the radiation reaction is surprisingly high. The resulting poly acids are base soluble and can be employed as positive working resists. The resists are composed of polymers and copolymers of methacrylate esters. The sensitivity of one derivative to x-ray is 75 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> and to e-beam is 1.0 (mu) C/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at 10 KV. Best resolution obtained was 125 nm with x-ray radiation.
Novel CVD Coating Technique in Fluidized Bed Reactors (1989)

"Novel CVD Coating Technique in Fluidized Bed Reactors." Materials and Processing Report, 4(9), pp. 2–3
An optimised method for quantifying glenoid orientation (2008)

A robust quantification method is essential for inter-subject glenoid comparison and planning of total shoulder arthroplasty. This study compared various scapular and glenoid axes with each other in order to optimally define the most appropriate method of quantifying glenoid version and inclination.Six glenoid and eight scapular axes were defined and quantified from identifiable landmarks of twenty-one scapular image scans. Pathology independency and insensitivity of each axis to inter-subject morphological variation within its region was tested. Glenoid version and inclination were calculated using the best axes from the two regions.The best glenoid axis was the normal to a least-square plane fit on the glenoid rim, directed approximately medio-laterally. The best scapular axis was the normal to a plane formed by the spine root and lateral border ridge. Glenoid inclination was 15.7 degrees +/- 5.1 degrees superiorly and version was 4.9 degrees +/- 6.1 degrees , retroversion.The choice of axes in the present technique makes it insensitive to pathology and scapular morphological variabilities. Its application would effectively improve inter-subject glenoid version comparison, surgical planning and design of prostheses for shoulder arthroplasty.
Morphological and electrical changes in TiO2 memristive devices induced by electroforming and switching (2009)

Abstract Combining delamination technique with conductive AFM, we have been able to reveal spatially resolved morphology and conductance changes in TiO 2 memristive junctions after electroforming and switching. Being able to distinguish between effects caused by electroforming and switching, respectively, we could demonstrate that electroforming results in the creation of localized conductance channels induced by oxygen evolution while subsequent resistive switching causes an additional conducting structure next to the forming spot. We observe that the lateral extent of this structure depends on the number of switching cycles indicating an ongoing breaking of existing and creation of neighbouring current channels during subsequent switching. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
T Oligo-Primed Polymerase Chain Reaction (TOP-PCR): A Robust Method for the Amplification of Minute DNA Fragments in Body Fluids (2017)

Body fluid DNA sequencing is a powerful noninvasive approach for the diagnosis of genetic defects, infectious agents and diseases. The success relies on the quantity and quality of the DNA samples. However, numerous clinical samples are either at low quantity or of poor quality due to various reasons. To overcome these problems, we have developed T oligo-primed polymerase chain reaction (TOP-PCR) for full-length nonselective amplification of minute quantity of DNA fragments. TOP-PCR adopts homogeneous "half adaptor" (HA), generated by annealing P oligo (carrying a phosphate group at the 5' end) and T oligo (carrying a T-tail at the 3' end), for efficient ligation to target DNA and subsequent PCR amplification primed by the T oligo alone. Using DNA samples from body fluids, we demonstrate that TOP-PCR recovers minute DNA fragments and maintains the DNA size profile, while enhancing the major molecular populations. Our results also showed that TOP-PCR is a superior method for detecting apoptosis and outperforms the method adopted by Illumina for DNA amplification.