gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AVR adjustment of synchronous generators in weak grids under faulty conditions (2013)

In weak grids, an important problem with voltage stability and protections coordination of power plants exists. This problem appears because all the generation groups are connected to the same bus bar. As a result, if a fault occurs in any of the generation groups, or in the bus bar that connect them, the system voltage will have large oscillations. Hence, in weak grids the correct adjustment of AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) is critical. In this work an experimental study of differents AVR adjustments against fault in weak grids is described.
An Architecture for Underwater Networks (2006)

As electromagnetic waves do not propagate well underwater, acoustics plays a key role in underwater communication. Due to significant differences in the characteristics of electromagnetic and acoustic channels, networking protocols for underwater systems differ from those developed for wired and wireless radio networks. Various schemes have been proposed for one or many aspects of underwater networks. However, no widely accepted common framework exists for underwater acoustics to unify these proposed schemes into a functional underwater network. The availability of such a framework will enable easy integration of independently developed techniques and thus accelerate the pace of research in underwater acoustic networking. In order for a common framework to be successful, it needs to have a wide acceptance. To gain such an acceptance, a framework needs to take into account a wide variety of different constraints and requirements for various underwater applications. This requires inputs from various research groups and end users. To help define the use cases and a common framework for underwater networking, a joint effort has been initiated between acoustic communication research groups at the Acoustic Research Laboratory (National University of Singapore), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In this paper, we discuss the first draft of the framework specifications from this effort. We welcome feedback from the underwater acoustic research community and potential end users of underwater networking systems.
ESD Design Synthesis (2011)

In the Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) design synthesis process, there is a flow of steps and procedures to construct a semiconductor chip. In semiconductor chip design, the role of a semiconductor chip is to receive a signal, process the signal, and transmit the signal. This chapter shows ESD from a chip architecture, and the electrical schematic viewpoint. In semiconductor chip design, products are mapped from technology-to-technology for improved productivity. The ESD standards are written to test the ESD robustness between possible “events”. The chapter discusses ESD testing, with relevance to ESD chip architecture. In product applications, the sequence of power supplies and signal pins is an issue for ESD design synthesis. In ESD design synthesis, ESD networks can lead to CMOS latchup. Ballasting is utilized to both limit and distribute the ESD current within a circuit element. Controlled Vocabulary Terms CMOS analog integrated circuits; electrical ballasts; electrostatic discharge
Iron homeostasis and oxidative DNA damage (1995)

The interplay between cellular iron homeostasis and metabolism of reactive oxidative species is reviewed, mainly from the viewpoint of the possible consequences for DNA damage inflicted by these species. It is shown that genetic manipulation of the iron homeostasis gene repertoire affects directly the response of DNA to the aggression by oxidant species. It is also shown that a condition of oxidative stress alters iron homeostasis, providing the perception that these two events are mutually dependent. The presence of iron in the nucleus is reviewed and new data are discussed ; pointing both to (i) the participation of iron as a ligand of an unknown chromatin component, and to (ii) mechanisms of active transport of iron into the nucleus. The question of which mechanism is more important for DNA strand breaks under oxidative stress, either a calcium-activated nuclease or OH radical generated by the Fenton reaction is discussed. New data are reviewed showing that the chemical nature of the 3'-terminus at the scission point confirms the OH radical attack mechanism. Finally, genetic manipulation experiments at the level of metallothionein and superoxide dismutase genes have allowed cells that have provided important information to engineered : (i) metallothionein seems to be a nuclear antioxidant protein, playing a protective role against attack to DNA and (ii) the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase balance is a very crucial one ; an excess of this enzyme may down-regulate the synthesis of antioxidant proteins, rendering the cells more vulnerable to oxidative attack.
Multiple Myeloma, Version 3.2017, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology (2017)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is caused by the neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells. These neoplastic plasma cells proliferate and produce monoclonal immunoglobulin in the bone marrow causing skeletal damage, a hallmark of multiple myeloma. Other MM-related complications include hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency, anemia, and infections. The NCCN Multiple Myeloma Panel members have developed guidelines for the management of patients with various plasma cell dyscrasias, including solitary plasmacytoma, smoldering myeloma, multiple myeloma, systemic light chain amyloidosis, and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia. The recommendations specific to the diagnosis and treatment of patients with newly diagnosed MM are discussed in this article.
Overview of Corrosion, Erosion, and Synergistic Effects of Erosion and Corrosion in the WTP Pre-treatment Facility (2015)

Corrosion is an extremely complex process that is affected by numerous factors. Addition of a flowing multi-phase solution further complicates the analysis. The synergistic effects of the multiple corrosive species as well as the flow-induced synergistic effects from erosion and corrosion must be thoroughly evaluated in order to predict material degradation responses. Public domain data can help guide the analysis, but cannot reliably provide the design basis especially when the process is one-of-a-kind, designed for 40 plus years of service, and has no viable means for repair or replacement. Testing in representative simulants and environmental conditions with prototypic components will provide a stronger technical basis for design. This philosophy was exemplified by the Defense Waste Processing Facility (DWPF) at the Savannah River Site and only after 15 plus years of successful operation has it been validated. There have been “hiccups”, some identified during the cold commissioning phase and some during radioactive operations, but they were minor and overcome. In addition, the system is robust enough to tolerate most flowsheet changes and the DWPF design allows minor modifications and replacements – approaches not available with the Hanford Waste Treatment Plant (WTP) “Black Cell” design methodology. Based on the available data, the synergistic effect between erosion and corrosion is a credible – virtually certain – degradation mechanism and must be considered for the design of the WTP process systems. Testing is recommended due to the number of variables (e.g., material properties, process parameters, and component design) that can affect synergy between erosion and corrosion and because the available literature is of limited applicability for the complex process chemistries anticipated in the WTP. Applicable testing will provide a reasonable and defensible path forward for design of the WTP Black Cell and Hard-to-Reach process equipment. These conclusions are consistent with findings from the various Bechtel National Inc., Independent Review Teams, and Department of Energy (DOE) reviews. A test methodology is outlined, which should provide a clear, logical road map for the testing that is necessary to provide applicable and defensible data essential to support design calculations.
Cross-Modulation Interference and Mitigation Technique for Ultrawideband PPM Signaling (2008)

The detection issues of ultrawideband (UWB) signals depend on the type of modulation scheme that is used during the transmission. Cross-modulation interference (CMI) is a problem that is specific to UWB pulse-position-modulation (PPM) signaling. In this paper, the effects of CMI on the performance of noncoherent UWB receivers are analyzed. The probabilities of error for transmitted-reference (TR) and energy detector (ED) receivers in the presence and absence of CMI are derived. Optimal and suboptimal CMI avoidance algorithms, which are based on novel acquisition techniques, are proposed for Rake receivers. The results show that the performance degradation in both receivers, which is due to the CMI effects, can be significant, depending on the modulation index. TR receivers still can be functional in the presence of CMI, and the target performance level determines the modulation index to be used. It is unlikely that effects of CMI on the performance of ED receivers in the presence of CMI are more severe relative to TR receivers, and the performance level is not acceptable. As a result, PPM signaling is not an appropriate modulation technique for ED receivers that are operating in the CMI region, unless CMI mitigation algorithms can be developed. Furthermore, the proposed optimal and suboptimal algorithms are two promising schemes for avoiding the CMI effects and, consequently, for improving the performance of Rake receivers operating in the CMI region.
Perfectly Regioregular Electroactive Polyolefins: Impact of Inter-Chromophore Distance on PLED EQE (2012)

Acyclic diene metathesis polymerization (ADMET) was used to synthesize a series of perfectly regioregular polyolefins, in which the number of backbone atoms between pendant terfluorene groups was precisely controlled at 8, 14, or 20 carbons. Analogous random copolymers containing identical chromophore densities were also synthesized to study the impact of regioregularity on the performance of this class of materials in polymer light emitting diodes (PLEDs). Additionally, the backbone alkene remnants of ADMET were saturated to generate materials with somewhat different ordering. These saturated derivatives led to improvements in PLED external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) over their unsaturated analogues in most cases, with a large improvement in one material. Charge mobility, as manifested in current density during PLED characterization, and relative solid-state fluorescence quantum yield (ΦF) also exhibit reasonable dependencies, with longer distances between electroactive groups yielding lower PLED current densities and higher ΦF. Regioregularity has the opposite effect, giving rise to higher current densities and lower ΦF as compared to regiorandom analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Metal and Semiconductor Nanoparticles (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development of a Force-Controlled Finishing Robot System with a Task-Directed Robot Language. (1996)

We have developed a force-controlled robot system for finishing tasks such as grinding, chamfering and polishing tasks in machining plants. Some force-controlled robot systems have been developed already. However, these robot systems are not used widely because these robot systems are difficult to use. In particular, it is too difficult for robot users to select or decide the many force control parameters, for example desired force, force control direction, force detecting direction, force control gains and so on, in the conventional robot languages. To solve the problem, we have analyzed finishing tasks and have found that the force control parameters closely depend on the tasks. Thus, we have developed a task-directed robot language. The force control parameters are assigned by designating only three key parameters-a task name (TASK), a tool code (TCODE) and a tool center point (TCP) - and one force control motion command (GMOVE/CMOVE) in the task-directed robot language. This robot system has been applied to chamfering tasks for the edges between the cast surface and the machined surface of machine parts. In this way the effectiveness of the task-directed robot language has been proved.
Functionalized Carbon Nanotube and Graphene Oxide Embedded Electrically Conductive Hydrogel Synergistically Stimulates Nerve Cell Differentiation (2017)

Nerve regeneration after injury is a critical medical issue. In previous work, we have developed an oligo(poly(ethylene glycol) fumarate) (OPF) hydrogel incorporated with positive charges as a promising nerve conduit. In this study, we introduced cross-linkable bonds to graphene oxide and carbon nanotube to obtain the functionalized graphene oxide acrylate (GOa) and carbon nanotube poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate (CNTpega). An electrically conductive hydrogel was then fabricated by covalently embedding GOa and CNTpega within OPF hydrogel through chemical cross-linking followed by in situ reduction of GOa in l-ascorbic acid solution. Positive charges were incorporated by 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyltrimethylammonium chloride (MTAC) to obtain rGOaCNTpega-OPF-MTAC composite hydrogel with both surface charge and electrical conductivity. The distribution of CNTpega and GOa in the hydrogels was substantiated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and strengthened electrical conductivities were determined. Excellent biocompatibility was demonstrated for the carbon embedded composite hydrogels. Biological evaluation showed enhanced proliferation and spreading of PC12 cells on the conductive hydrogels. After induced differentiation using nerve growth factor (NGF), cells on the conductive hydrogels were effectively stimulated to have robust neurite development as observed by confocal microscope. A synergistic effect of electrical conductivity and positive charges on nerve cells was also observed in this study. Using a glass mold method, the composite hydrogel was successfully fabricated into conductive nerve conduits with surficial positive charges. These results suggest that rGOa-CNTpega-OPF-MTAC composite hydrogel holds great potential as conduits for neural tissue engineering.
S0538 A Low-Residue Diet in Combination With a Novel Encapsulated Bowel Preparation Formula Leads to Improved Outcomes in Patients Who Cannot Tolerate Conventional Bowel Preparations (2020)

INTRODUCTION: A bowel preparation comprising of a Low Residue Diet (LRD) compared to a Clear Fluid Diet (CFD) increases both the quality and tolerability of conventional bowel preparations such as; Polyethylene Glycol and Sodium Picosulfate. Despite this, many patients still experience side effects when consuming such bowel preparations. We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients who consumed a CFD or a LRD in combination with a novel encapsulated bowel preparation (NEBP), known to reduce side effects in patients who cannot tolerate conventional preparations. METHODS: This single centre prospective study of patients who underwent a colonoscopy between November 2019 and April 2020 included patients intolerant to a conventional bowel preparation. Eligible patients were offered either a pre-packaged LRD (elemental formula) or the standard CFD to be completed the day before the procedure, alongside a NEBP. The visual analogue scale for appetite, number of bowel motions, fluid intake and side effects experienced were patient reported. Baseline demographics including age and gender were recorded and blood samples collected. A Boston Bowel Preparation Score (BBPS) was calculated by the attending physician to evaluate the quality of the preparation. Mann Whitney U-tests were performed with statistical significance set at P < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 18 patients met the inclusion criteria. Nine elected to complete their bowel preparation by means of a CFD and the remaining nine with a LRD. No significant differences in demographics was observed between the two groups (Table 1). Though non-significant, the LRD was associated with lower levels of hunger and greater levels of satisfaction (Figure 1). Despite no difference in the total volume of liquid consumed and the total number of capsules taken, patients who received the LRD tended to pass more motions and achieved a higher median BBPS (Table 1). Four times as many patients receiving the CFD displayed serum electrolyte imbalances which was associated with a twofold increase in the rate of side effects; most commonly nausea and vomiting (Tables 1 and 2). CONCLUSION: A LRD combined with a NEBP achieves a greater level of appetite regulation and may also increase the efficacy of the NEBP and further reduce the side effects associated with bowel preparation in susceptible patients. Larger studies are required in order to confirm the present findings.Table 1.: Patient Demographics and OutcomesFigure 1.: Visual Analogue Scale for Appetite.Table 2.: Patient Serum Outcomes
METHYLTHIOADENOSINE PHOSPHORYLASE (MTAP) GENE DELETION IN OSTEOSARCOMA (2001)

alterations may contribute to the poor prognosis of osteosarcoma patients. This study is the first to investigate the prevalence of genetic and functional alterations of MTAP gene in osteosarcoma cell lines and a large clinical series of osteosarcomas. Material and methods. Three osteosarcoma cell lines (HOS, SaOS-2, U2OS) and 96 high-grade osteosarcoma patient samples were analyzed. Deletions of exons 2 to 7 were studied by PCR and mutational analysis by SSCP in genomic DNA. Quantification of message was performed using a fluorescent RT-PCR in the cell lines, and by semiquantitative RT-PCR in the patient samples. β-actin was used a a positive control. Finally, protein expression was measured by Western blot and immunohistochemistry (primary antibody was a kind gift of Dr. D. Carson).
A Comparative Analysis of High-Accuracy Black-Box and Grey-Box Models of MR-Dampers for Vehicles Control (2004)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The topic of this paper is the identification of a high-precision model for Magneto-Rheological (MR) dampers. A semi-active MR-damper can be seen as a non-linear system, where the inputs are the stroke-velocity and the command current; the current is the control input which modulates at high-bandwidth the damping characteristic through the variation of a magnetic field. The output is the force delivered by the damper. Among the broad set of applications where MR-dampers can be used, this work mainly focuses on MR-dampers for the control of vehicle dynamics (trains, road vehicles, tractors, etc.). High-precision models of MR dampers can be designed using two different model classes: gray-box models (also called semi-physical models) and black-box models. Both approaches are considered in this work. All the main problems and issues of the identification procedure are presented and discussed: experiment design, signal pre-processing, model-structure and performance-index selection, optimization and parameter estimation, model validation and software-implementation. State-of-the-art and innovative model structures are considered for analysis. The result provides a broad and detailed overview on approaches, tools, issues, and design choices for the development of MR-damper models.&lt;/div&gt;
Journal of Undergraduate Research, Volume II, 2002 (2002)

This is our first volume of the Undergraduate Journal. It is an approbation of the impressive research performed by summer interns under the guidance of their dedicated mentors. The full-length publications were chosen from a pool of submissions that were reviewed by many of the excellent scientists at our National Laboratories. Most of these students will pursue careers in science, engineering and technology and, hopefully, some of this talent will remain with our labs. We have also included about 125 abstracts that survived the review process. These were submitted from all of our participating National Laboratories.
A Problem-Solving Environment for Biological Network Informatics: Bio-Spice (2007)

Abstract : The integration of multiple bioinformatics tools into an integrated suite poses many software engineering, social, and research challenges. We present our work on Bio-SPICE, an integrated open-source framework of tools for modern biology. SRI led the integration tasks, bringing together a community of researchers and practitioners to agree on a set of standards and practices that enabled multiple tools from multiple institutions to be brought to bear on problems of interest to biologists working on DoD-relevant problems. Working through communication and cultural barriers, the Bio-SPICE community developed good working relationships and built a series of impressive use cases, highlighting the effectiveness of combinations of computational tools from multiple sources working together on a common problem. This report documents the efforts at SRI International in leading the integration and combining research efforts across the Bio-SPICE program, including the development of the Bio-SPICE user interface, standards, and community working groups.
Système embarqué de mesure optique des gaz de combustion du kérosène (2021)

International audience
Sustainable Green Design and Life Cycle Assessment for Engineering Education (2024)

The University of Texas at El Paso (
Embedded Robust Visual Obstacle Detection on Autonomous Lawn Mowers (2017)

Currently, the only mass-market service robots are floor cleaners and lawn mowers. Although available for more than 20 years, they mostly lack intelligent functions from modern robot research. In particular, the obstacle detection and avoidance is typically a simple physical collision detection. In this work, we discuss a prototype autonomous lawn mower with camera-based non-contact obstacle avoidance. We devised a low-cost compact module consisting of color cameras and an ARM-based processing board, which can be added to an autonomous lawn mower with minimal effort. For testing our system, we conducted a field test with 20 prototype units distributed in eight European countries with a total mowing time of 3,494 hours. The results show that our proposed system is able to work without expert interaction for a full season and strongly reduces collision events while still keeping the good mowing performance. Furthermore, a questionnaire with the testers revealed that most people would favor the camera-based mower over a non-camera-based mower.
Enabling Advanced Duplex in 6G (2021)

In this paper, an advanced duplex (AD) scheme is proposed to use flexible downlink (DL) and uplink (UL) allocation in time division duplex (TDD) carrier in 6G. By utilizing self-interference cancellation (SIC) capability at a base station to handle the interference from DL signal to UL signal, the proposed duplex scheme enables to simultaneously operate UL and DL on the same carrier but on different frequency resources. To do so, both TDD’s ability to efficiently handle asymmetric UL and DL traffic and frequency division duplexing’s coverage advantage can be achieved together in the AD scheme. To verify the feasibility, a Proof-of-Concept is developed where it is observed that the benefits of AD scheme can indeed be realized using the proposed SIC techniques. In a system having a 100 MHz bandwidth in the 2.4 GHz band, a multi-level SIC is applied to suppress the self-interference to less than 1 dB without a guard band between DL and UL signals. Based on this technology, in 6G, various duplex techniques can be applied in a time-varying manner, so that a significantly higher resource utilization than the existing 5G will be possible.