gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and the Evaluation of Intravesical saRNA Treatment (2012)

We present a novel method for treating bladder cancer with intravesically delivered small activating RNA (saRNA) in an orthotopic xenograft mouse bladder tumor model. The mouse model is established by urethral catheterization under inhaled general anesthetic. Chemical burn is then introduced to the bladder mucosa using intravesical silver nitrate solution to disrupt the bladder glycosaminoglycan layer and allows cells to attach. Following several washes with sterile water, human bladder cancer KU-7-luc2-GFP cells are instilled through the catheter into the bladder to dwell for 2 hours. Subsequent growth of bladder tumors is confirmed and monitored by in vivo bladder ultrasound and bioluminescent imaging. The tumors are then treated intravesically with saRNA formulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNPs). Tumor growth is monitored with ultrasound and bioluminescence. All steps of this procedure are demonstrated in the accompanying video.
Evolution of gait while using an anti-gravity treadmill with body weight support (2019)

Japan is a super-aging society, with an average life span of 80.98 years for men and 87.14 years for women in 2016. However, the healthy lifespan is 72.14 years for men and 74.79 years for women. The difference between the average lifespan and the healthy lifespan is a problem. One of the causes of this problem is the decline in physical function with age. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent and cope with age-related muscle weakness and locomotive syndromes. The loss of physical function with age is similar to the loss of physical function experienced by astronauts living in space for a long time. It is thought that conducting research in a microgravity environment can solve the problem. Therefore, in the context of the development of rehabilitation methods and devices, we will clarify the influence of microgravity environments such as The Moon and Mars where human exploration is planned, on human walking. Partial weight bearing is one of the methods to simulate the walking motion in different gravity environments. On an anti-gravity treadmill using pneumatic pressure, subjects can walk quickly with a relatively light load and a weight bearing condition down to 20% of body weight. Therefore, during this research, a walking simulation in a microgravity environment was realized by using an anti-gravity treadmill, and the walking motion was measured with a wearable motion measurement device and EMG.
Central Reading of Endoscopy Endpoints in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Trials (2015)

Recording and CROE should be standardized, and an imaging charter developed with research on the different components and its overall impact.
Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms (2008)

Endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aneurysms is feasible and is associated with relatively low perioperative mortality. Several methods of visceral vessel incorporation have been described. Because of persistently high mortality, hybrid procedures will likely be relegated to nonsurgical and nonendovascular patients with sizable aneurysms. Endografts with branches continue to evolve and will be assessed in the context of clinical trials.
Conditional Contrastive Learning with Kernel (2022)

Conditional contrastive learning frameworks consider the conditional sampling procedure that constructs positive or negative data pairs conditioned on specific variables. Fair contrastive learning constructs negative pairs, for example, from the same gender (conditioning on sensitive information), which in turn reduces undesirable information from the learned representations; weakly supervised contrastive learning constructs positive pairs with similar annotative attributes (conditioning on auxiliary information), which in turn are incorporated into the representations. Although conditional contrastive learning enables many applications, the conditional sampling procedure can be challenging if we cannot obtain sufficient data pairs for some values of the conditioning variable. This paper presents Conditional Contrastive Learning with Kernel (CCL-K) that converts existing conditional contrastive objectives into alternative forms that mitigate the insufficient data problem. Instead of sampling data according to the value of the conditioning variable, CCL-K uses the Kernel Conditional Embedding Operator that samples data from all available data and assigns weights to each sampled data given the kernel similarity between the values of the conditioning variable. We conduct experiments using weakly supervised, fair, and hard negatives contrastive learning, showing CCL-K outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.
Controlling electric double-layer capacitance and pseudocapacitance in heteroatom-doped carbons derived from hypercrosslinked microporous polymers (2018)

Hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are an important class of porous materials that can be synthesized from aromatic precursors using a one-step “knitting” procedure. This scalable process allows wide synthetic diversity and ease of functionalization. However, pristine HCPs lack electrical conductivity, which limits their potential for electrochemical applications. Supercapacitors are energy storage devices with advantages over conventional batteries such as high power densities, rapid charge speeds, and superior cyclability. In this work, carbonization of functionalized HCPs yields highly conductive and porous materials that can be used as supercapacitor electrodes. Both electric double-layer capacitance (EDLC) and pseudocapacitance (PC) mechanisms are observed. The relative EDLC and PC contributions were quantified for a range of 20 HCP-derived materials, thus allowing a controlled approach to tuning the energy storage properties. The HCP-based carbons show ideal supercapacitor behavior and the best performing material, which shows 63% PC, displays exceptionally high capacitances of up to 374 F g−1, excellent capacitance retention at fast charging speeds, and stability for up to 15,000 charge/discharge cycles.
Note on Boundary Layer in a Dusty Gas (1974)

/=! / The last boundary condition representing the vanishing of the circumferential strain was proposed by Reissner and Gradowczyk. It is interesting to note that if we put a = b, and Kx = Ky = K the solution coincides exactly with that obtained by Gradowczyk for a clamped spherical dome with curvature K. Further in the limiting case as Kx and Ky tend to zero we obtain limit W=q1(l-f)/4 = ql(l-x/a-y/b)/4 (30) Kx,Ky-+0 which is the exact expression for the bending of a clamped, uniformly loaded elliptic plate.
A Polynomial Algorithm for Computing the Optimal Repair Strategy in a System with Independent Component Failures (2013)

The goal of diagnosis is to compute good repair strategies in response to anomalous system behavior. In a decision theoretic framework, a good repair strategy has low expected cost. In a general formulation of the problem, the computation of the optimal (lowest expected cost) repair strategy for a system with multiple faults is intractable. In this paper, we consider an interesting and natural restriction on the behavior of the system being diagnosed: (a) the system exhibits faulty behavior if and only if one or more components is malfunctioning. (b) The failures of the system components are independent. Given this restriction on system behavior, we develop a polynomial time algorithm for computing the optimal repair strategy. We then go on to introduce a system hierarchy and the notion of inspecting (testing) components before repair. We develop a linear time algorithm for computing an optimal repair strategy for the hierarchical system which includes both repair and inspection.
Molecular prediction of biologic aggressiveness in pancreatic cysts. (2010)

e21033 Background: Pancreatic adenocarcinomas (PA) which arise in pancreatic cysts (PC), in contrast to solid mass lesions, offer the potential to diagnose the cancer at an early, treatable stage. However, benign neoplasms and non-neoplastic cysts (pseudocysts) make the diagnosis of cystic PA difficult. We studied the integration of molecular analyses with the results of imaging, fluid chemistry, and cytology for early detection of PA and differentiation from non-cancerous lesions. Methods: A continuous series of 299 patients underwent endoscopic ultrasound fine needle aspiration of PC. Patients with clear evidence of malignancy who met guidelines for surgery were excluded; all remaining pts with clinically indeterminate PC underwent molecular analyses of DNA from cyst fluid to detect 17 oncogene and tumor suppressor gene mutations. Molecular features of aggressive biology (high grade dysplasia and PA) include Group 1 (highly elevated concentrations of intact DNA in the cyst fluid), Group 2 (three or more clonally expanded mutations), and Group 3 (elevated DNA and mutational change). Molecular features were correlated with patient survival. Results: 25 patients had PC fluid with aggressive molecular features. Survival with up to 4 years follow up showed: Group 1, 89% alive (11 total, 9 alive); Group 2, 50% alive (6 total, 3 alive); Group 3, none alive (8 total, 0 alive). Correlating DNA concentration with cytology suggested DNA elevation could result from increased inflammatory cells, addition of blood during aspiration, and active proliferation of the mucinous lining cells. The number and clonality of mutations help to discriminate among the different causes for DNA elevation. PC with high concentrations of good quality DNA showing clonally expanded mutations were invariably malignant, irrespective of all other findings. Conclusions: Improving detection of early cancers must be accompanied by improvements in distinguishing between neoplasia with aggressive biological potential and benign disease. Integrating molecular analyses with existing diagnostic parameters can address this need. High DNA concentration alone cannot affirm malignancy but, when combined with mutational analyses, can identify cancer and precancerous lesions. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration RedPath Integrated Pathology RedPath Integrated Pathology
Relative Contributions of Myostatin and the GH/IGF-1 Axis in Body Composition and Muscle Strength (2018)

Myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle growth, is considered a potential therapeutic agent for individuals suffering from various muscle wasting and strength declining diseases because inhibiting Mstn signaling leads to muscular hypertrophy. In this study we investigate the interaction between myostatin and the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis in muscle function and strength. To this end, we measured hind limb grip strength and myostatin levels in two mouse models of GH gene manipulation; GH receptor knockout (<i>GHR<sup>-/-</sup>)</i> mice which have reduced GH/IGF-1 action, and bovine GH transgenic (bGH) mice which have excess GH/IGF-1 action. We found that specific muscle force was significantly reduced in bGH mice, and significantly increased in <i>GHR<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice, compared to their respective littermate wild type controls. The expression of the mature form of myostatin was significantly increased in bGH mice, and unchanged in <i>GHR<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice. In the bGH mice, the high levels of mature myostatin were accompanied by increase body weight and lean mass, consistent with other published results indicating that the IGF-1 signaling pathway is dominant over that of Mstn. Our results also suggest that in these mouse models there is an inverse relationship between muscle strength and levels of myostatin and GH, since constitutive overexpression of GH resulted in elevated levels of mature myostatin in muscle, accompanied by a reduction in strength. By contrast, in the <i>GHR<sup>-/-</sup></i> mice with reduced levels of IGF-1, mature myostatin levels were unchanged and muscle strength was increased.
Characterization of the Oxo-Alkylidyne Complex CpWOs3(CO)10(.mu.-O)(.mu.3-CCH2Tol) Resulting from Acyl Ligand C-O Bond Scission. Interconversion of Alkylidyne, Alkylidene, Vinylidene, and Alkyne Ligand Moieties in a Single Heterometallic Cluster System (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharacterization of the Oxo-Alkylidyne Complex CpWOs3(CO)10(.mu.-O)(.mu.3-CCH2Tol) Resulting from Acyl Ligand C-O Bond Scission. Interconversion of Alkylidyne, Alkylidene, Vinylidene, and Alkyne Ligand Moieties in a Single Heterometallic Cluster SystemJoon T. Park, Yun Chi, John R. Shapley, Melvyn Rowen Churchill, and Joseph W. ZillerCite this: Organometallics 1994, 13, 3, 813–821Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00015a015https://doi.org/10.1021/om00015a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views71Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
DNA methylation markers as triage test for the early identification of cervical lesions in a Chinese population (2020)

Objective strategies are required in cervical cancer screening. We have identified several DNA methylation markers with high sensitivity and specificity to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia 2 or worse (CIN2+) in Dutch women. Our study aims to analyze the diagnostic characteristics of these markers in a Chinese cohort. A total of 246 liquid-based cytology samples were included, of which 205 women underwent colposcopy due to an abnormal cytology result (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASCUS] or worse), while 227 were tested high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) positive. All six individual markers (ANKRD18CP, C13ORF18, EPB41L3, JAM3, SOX1 and ZSCAN1) showed enhanced methylation levels and frequency with increasing severity of the underlying lesion (P ≤ .001). In cytological abnormal women, sensitivity to detect CIN2+ was 79%, 76% and 72% for the three panels (C13ORF18/EBP41L3/JAM3, C13ORF18/ANKRD18CP/JAM3 and ZSCAN1/SOX1, respectively), with a specificity of 57%, 65% and 68%. For the first two panels, these diagnostic characteristics were similar to the Dutch cohort, while for ZSCAN1/SOX1 the sensitivity was higher in the Chinese cohort, but with a lower specificity (both P < .05). In hrHPV-positive samples, similar sensitivity and specificity for the detection of CIN2+ were found as for the abnormal cytology cohort, which were now all similar between both cohorts and non-inferior to HPV16/18 genotyping. Our analysis reveals that the diagnostic performances are highly comparable for C13ORF18/EBP41L3/JAM3 and C13ORF18/ANKRD18CP/JAM3 methylation marker panels in both Chinese and Dutch cohorts. In conclusion, methylation panels identified in a Dutch population are also applicable for triage testing in cervical cancer screening in China.
On Directly Mapping Relational Databases to RDF and OWL (Extended\n Version) (2012)

Mapping relational databases to RDF is a fundamental problem for the\ndevelopment of the Semantic Web. We present a solution, inspired by draft\nmethods defined by the W3C where relational databases are directly mapped to\nRDF and OWL. Given a relational database schema and its integrity constraints,\nthis direct mapping produces an OWL ontology, which, provides the basis for\ngenerating RDF instances. The semantics of this mapping is defined using\nDatalog. Two fundamental properties are information preservation and query\npreservation. We prove that our mapping satisfies both conditions, even for\nrelational databases that contain null values. We also consider two desirable\nproperties: monotonicity and semantics preservation. We prove that our mapping\nis monotone and also prove that no monotone mapping, including ours, is\nsemantic preserving. We realize that monotonicity is an obstacle for semantic\npreservation and thus present a non-monotone direct mapping that is semantics\npreserving.\n
Left ventricular assist device-induced reverse remodeling: it’s not just about myocardial recovery (2016)

The abnormal structure, function and molecular makeup of dilated cardiomyopathic hearts can be partially normalized in patients supported by a left ventricular assist device (LVAD), a process called reverse remodeling. This leads to recovery of function in many patients, though the rate of full recovery is low and in many cases is temporary, leading to the concept of heart failure remission, rather than recovery. Areas covered: We summarize data indicative of ventricular reverse remodeling, recovery and remission during LVAD support. These terms were used in searches performed in Pubmed. Duplication of topics covered in depth in prior review articles were avoided. Expert commentary: Although most patients undergoing mechanical circulatory support (MCS) show a significant degree of reverse remodeling, very few exhibit sufficiently improved function to justify device explantation, and many from whom LVADs have been explanted have relapsed back to the original heart failure phenotype. Future research has the potential to clarify the ideal combination of pharmacological, cell, gene, and mechanical therapies that would maximize recovery of function which has the potential to improve exercise tolerance of patients while on support, and to achieve a higher degree of myocardial recovery that is more likely to persist after device removal.
Interconnected graphene/polymer micro-tube piping composites for liquid sensing (2014)

Detection and analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) as pollutants in the atmosphere and liquids are of great significance because of the detrimental effects of VOCs. A polymer-coated graphene micro-tube piping (GMP) structure with a cross-linked and interconnected channel network was synthesized for liquid sensing. By virtue of their unique cross-linked and interconnected channel network configuration, polycrystalline conformation, and the support of a polymer layer, the resistivity of the 3D hollow micro-tubing GMPs was sensitive to strain, ensuring high sensitivity of the liquid sensor (R/R 0 of ∼4 × 103% for pure acetone and R/R 0 of ∼105% for 0.01 wt.% acetone solution). Due to the capillary force, the interfaces of the 3D structures can speed up the penetration of solvents into the polymer, thus promote distinct selectivity within seconds and significantly decrease the response time. Owing to their good selectivity, high sensitivity, rapid response and flexibility, and the ease of use of the sensors and the simplicity of the fabrication processes, the GMP/polymer composites should be a good candidate for liquid sensing.
Effects of Imatinib on Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Are Mediated by Inhibition of Nuclear Factor-κB and Akt Signaling Pathways (2005)

Dendritic cells are the most powerful antigen-presenting cells playing a decisive role for the initiation and maintenance of primary immune responses. However, signaling pathways involved in the differentiation of these cells have not been fully determined. Imatinib is a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor effective against Abl kinases, c-Kit, and platelet-derived growth factor receptor. Using this compound, we show that human monocyte-derived dendritic cells generated in the presence of therapeutic concentrations of imatinib show a reduced expression of CD1a, MHC class I and II, and costimulatory molecules as well as decreased secretion of chemokines and cytokines resulting in an impaired capacity of dendritic cells to elicit primary T-cell responses. Using Western blot analyses, we found that these effects are mediated by inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathways and a pronounced down-regulation of nuclear localized protein levels of nuclear factor-kappaB family members. Importantly, using blocking antibodies and tyrosine kinase inhibitors, we show that the inhibitory effects of imatinib on dendritic cell differentiation are not mediated via platelet-derived growth factor receptor and c-Kit. Taken together, our study reveals that imatinib inhibits dendritic cell differentiation and function via Akt and nuclear factor-kappaB signal transduction. Importantly, we show that imatinib can inhibit the function of normal, nonmalignant cells that may result in immunosuppression of these patients.
Effect of Tumor Derived TGF-Beta on the Efficacy of Dendritic Cell Vaccines (2001)

Abstract : As antigen presenting cells capable of inducing strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses to specific antigens, dendritic cells (DCs) have become prime candidates for use in cancer immunotherapy. it has been shown that treatment of DCs with tumor cell supernatants results in reduced expression of MHC class II and reduced ability to induce a CTL. response. These findings have led to the suggestion that tumors secrete soluble factors that inhibit the antigen presenting functions of DCs. in the clinical setting, immunization with DCs is well tolerated, but is unable to produce significant clinical responses. Taken together, these findings suggest that the tumors secrete immunosuppressive factors that interfere with the efficacy of DC immunotherapy. One such factor is transforming growth factor-B (TGF-B). TGF-B is a known suppressor of T cell function and recently has been implicated in decreasing the function of antigen presenting cells. Breast cancer cells secrete TGF-B and are less sensitive to TGF-B mediated growth arrest. Furthermore in breast cancer patients TGF-B immunostaining has been correlated with tumor progression. These findings suggest an important role for tumor<-derived TGF-B in the progression of mammary tumors in animals and humans. The hypothesis to he tested is that tumor%derived TGF-B mitigates the efficacy of DC vaccines. The objective is to improve the efficacy of DC based vaccines by decreasing the suppressive effects TGF-B has on DCs. The specific aims are to assess 1) the effect of TGF-B on the antigen processing and presenting functions of DCs, and 2) the effect of tumor derived TGF-B on the efficacy of DC vaccines.