gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vitro effects of a recombinant toxin targeted to the fibroblast growth factor receptor on rat vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. (1992)

The dominant mechanism responsible for restenosis after angioplasty is believed to be the activation of medial smooth muscle cells (SMCs), leading to their proliferation, migration to the subintima, and further proliferation. To develop novel strategies that might inhibit or prevent restenosis, we previously used a chimeric toxin composed of transforming growth factor-alpha (which targets the epidermal growth factor receptor) and mutated Pseudomonas exotoxin to preferentially recognize and kill rapidly proliferating, versus quiescent, vascular SMCs. We have recently cloned and expressed a recombinant gene encoding Pseudomonas exotoxin with a mutated (nonfunctional) cell recognition domain fused with the ligand acidic fibroblast growth factor, termed aFGF-PE66(4Glu)KDEL; thus, this recombinant toxin targets the fibroblast growth factor receptor. In the present study, we evaluated the relative effects of this chimeric toxin on quiescent versus rapidly proliferating vascular SMCs and also determined whether aFGF-PE66(4Glu)KDEL exerted different effects on SMCs versus endothelial cells. Rapidly proliferating SMCs (grown in 10% fetal bovine serum) were very sensitive to the cytotoxic effects of aFGF-PE66(4Glu)KDEL, whereas cytotoxicity was significantly less when the SMCs were in a quiescent state (grown in medium supplemented with 0.5% fetal bovine serum). The chimeric toxin was also significantly less cytotoxic against endothelial cells. Competition studies using excess acidic fibroblast growth factor indicated that the cytotoxic effects are specifically mediated by the fibroblast growth factor receptor. Thus, the present studies suggest a potentially expanded role of recombinant toxin therapy in restenosis: multiple receptors can be targeted, and cytotoxic effects, at least in vitro, can be preferentially directed to rapidly proliferating vascular SMCs, with relative sparing of vascular endothelial cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Research of Transparent RIS Technology toward 5G evolution & 6G (2021)

The introduction of the 5th-generation mobile communications system (5G) commercial services has begun throughout the world, and at present, research toward the further development of 5G (5G evolution) and the development of 6G as the next-generation mobile communications system is being actively pursued. In this article, we describe the intelligent radio environment (IRE), an important concept in "New Radio Network Topology" now under discussion on the road to 5G evolution & 6G. We also describe NTT DOCOMO's initiatives toward the reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), an important component of IRE, and metamaterial/metasurface technologies as elemental technologies of RIS.
Extracellular chloride regulates mesangial cell calcium response to vasopressor peptides (1996)

The role of extracellular chloride in the regulation of mesangial cell calcium responsiveness to vasopressor peptides was explored. First, the components of vasopressor-stimulated calcium signaling were defined in rat mesangial cells cultured on coverslips and preloaded with fura 2. By spectrofluorometry, manganese uptake (reflecting divalent cation channel activation) was observed by quenching of fura 2, or intracellular cytosolic calcium concentration was calculated by dual-excitation ratiometric measurement. In cells depolarized with KCl (45 mM), enhanced manganese uptake or increased cytosolic calcium were inhibited with verapamil (10 microM). Pretreatment of mesangial cells with verapamil reduced the sustained calcium level in response to endothelin-1 (0.1 microM) by 65 +/- 6% (means +/- SE, n = 12) and to vasopressin (1 microM) by 62 +/- 12% (n = 8). Perforated cell patch-clamp measurement confirmed that endothelin-1 stimulated a sustained increase in cytosolic calcium or divalent cation entry only in the presence of simultaneous depolarization. In chloride-free buffer (chloride replaced with impermeant anions), sustained calcium response to endothelin-1 was reduced by 72 +/- 8 (n = 8) and by 65 +/- 4% (n = 8) in the presence of the chloride channel inhibitor, 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)benzoic acid (55 microM). In chloride-free buffer, cytosolic calcium (unstimulated) increased to > 200 nM by 30 min. These data indicate that reduced extracellular chloride increases mesangial cell basal cytosolic calcium and decreases the transient and sustained cytosolic calcium response to vasopressor peptides.
Pulsradiolytische Untersuchung der NO‐Oxydation und des Gleichgewichts N2O3 ⇄ NO + NO2 in wäßriger Lösung (1970)

Abstract NO wird durch das OH‐Radikal zu NO − 2 + H + oxidiert, ohne daß NO + zu beobachten ist. NO 2 reagiert mit NO zu N 2 O 3 mit k = 1, 1 · 10 9 M −1 s −1 . Das Absorptionsspektrum des N 2 O 3 in wäßriger Lösung wurde gemessen. Die Konstante des Gleichgewichts N 2 O 3 · NO + NO 2 wurde zu 7, 3 · 10 −5 M und die Geschwindigkeitskonstante pseudo‐erster Ordnung der Verseifung N 2 O 3 + H 2 O → 2NO − 2 + 2H + zu 5, 3 ·10 2 s −1 bestimmt. Die Konstante des Gleichgewichts 2N 2 O 3 ⇄ N 2 O 4 + 2 NO beträgt 3, 5 · 10 −4 M.
INTERACTIVE TOOL FOR AN OPTIMAL EQUIPMENT SELECTION (2023)

This paper presents an interactive tool for equipment selection in an assembly line and its link with a Resource Planner which will optimize the cost and reliability of the line by choosing the best equipment combination on each workstation.<br><br> After a brief survey of works related to ours in the field of Resource Planning we will describe the software package (named SELEQ) implementing the first step in our Resource Planning tool: equipment selection. The selection process is divided in two parts: the choice of the assembly method and interactive search in an equipment database.<br><br> Thanks to the use of the Resource Planning tool based on Grouping Genetic Algorithms, the method presented here has the advantage of allowing a real global optimization of the fine without excessive simplifications of the design problem because of important computational times due to the combinatorial nature of the problem.
Molecular Series-Tunneling Junctions (2015)

Charge transport through junctions consisting of insulating molecular units is a quantum phenomenon that cannot be described adequately by classical circuit laws. This paper explores tunneling current densities in self-assembled monolayer (SAM)-based junctions with the structure Ag(TS)/O2C-R1-R2-H//Ga2O3/EGaIn, where Ag(TS) is template-stripped silver and EGaIn is the eutectic alloy of gallium and indium; R1 and R2 refer to two classes of insulating molecular units-(CH2)n and (C6H4)m-that are connected in series and have different tunneling decay constants in the Simmons equation. These junctions can be analyzed as a form of series-tunneling junctions based on the observation that permuting the order of R1 and R2 in the junction does not alter the overall rate of charge transport. By using the Ag/O2C interface, this system decouples the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO, which is localized on the carboxylate group) from strong interactions with the R1 and R2 units. The differences in rates of tunneling are thus determined by the electronic structure of the groups R1 and R2; these differences are not influenced by the order of R1 and R2 in the SAM. In an electrical potential model that rationalizes this observation, R1 and R2 contribute independently to the height of the barrier. This model explicitly assumes that contributions to rates of tunneling from the Ag(TS)/O2C and H//Ga2O3 interfaces are constant across the series examined. The current density of these series-tunneling junctions can be described by J(V) = J0(V) exp(-β1d1 - β2d2), where J(V) is the current density (A/cm(2)) at applied voltage V and βi and di are the parameters describing the attenuation of the tunneling current through a rectangular tunneling barrier, with width d and a height related to the attenuation factor β.
Characterization of human cutaneous tissue autofluorescence: implications in topical drug delivery studies with fluorescence microscopy (2018)

In pharmacokinetic studies of topical drugs, fluorescence microscopy methods can enable the direct visualization and quantification of fluorescent drugs within the skin. One potential limitation of this approach, however, is the strong endogenous fluorescence of skin tissues that makes straightforward identification of specific drug molecules challenging. To study this effect and quantify endogenous skin fluorescence in the context of topical pharmacokinetics, an integrating sphere-based screening tool was designed to collect fluorescence yield data from human skin specimens. Such information could be utilized to select specific donors in the investigation of drug uptake and distribution. Results indicated human facial skin specimens from a group of more than 35 individuals exhibited an at least 6-fold difference in endogenous fluorescence. In visualizing drug distributions, the negative impact of autofluorescence could be exacerbated in cases where there are overlapping spatial distributions or spectral emission profiles between endogenous fluorophores and the exogenous fluorophore of interest. We demonstrated the feasibility of this approach in measuring the range of tissue endogenous fluorescence and selecting specimens for the study of drug pharmacokinetics with fluorescence microscopy.
Poly(norepinephrine): Ultrasmooth Material‐Independent Surface Chemistry and Nanodepot for Nitric Oxide (2013)

Capture and release: The material-independent surface chemistry of a poly(norepinephrine) (pNE) which exhibits perfect smoothness at the nanometer scale is controlled by 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde-norepinephrine (DHBA-NE) conjugates. The pNE layer containing DHBA-NE serves to store and release small therapeutics such as nitric oxide. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Chemical Approaches To Perturb, Profile, and Perceive Glycans (2009)

Glycosylation is an essential form of post-translational modification that regulates intracellular and extracellular processes. Regrettably, conventional biochemical and genetic methods often fall short for the study of glycans, because their structures are often not precisely defined at the genetic level. To address this deficiency, chemists have developed technologies to perturb glycan biosynthesis, profile their presentation at the systems level, and perceive their spatial distribution. These tools have identified potential disease biomarkers and ways to monitor dynamic changes to the glycome in living organisms. Still, glycosylation remains the underexplored frontier of many biological systems. In this Account, we focus on research in our laboratory that seeks to transform the study of glycan function from a challenge to routine practice. In studies of proteins and nucleic acids, functional studies have often relied on genetic manipulations to perturb structure. Though not directly subject to mutation, we can determine glycan structure-function relationships by synthesizing defined glycoconjugates or by altering natural glycosylation pathways. Chemical syntheses of uniform glycoproteins and polymeric glycoprotein mimics have facilitated the study of individual glycoconjugates in the absence of glycan microheterogeneity. Alternatively, selective inhibition or activation of glycosyltransferases or glycosidases can define the biological roles of the corresponding glycans. Investigators have developed tools including small molecule inhibitors, decoy substrates, and engineered proteins to modify cellular glycans. Current approaches offer a precision approaching that of genetic control. Genomic and proteomic profiling form a basis for biological discovery. Glycans also present a rich matrix of information that adapts rapidly to changing environs. Glycomic and glycoproteomic analyses via microarrays and mass spectrometry are beginning to characterize alterations in glycans that correlate with disease. These approaches have already identified several cancer biomarkers. Metabolic labeling can identify recently synthesized glycans and thus directly track glycan dynamics. This approach can highlight changes in physiology or environment and may be more informative than steady-state analyses. Together, glycomic and metabolic labeling techniques provide a comprehensive description of glycosylation as a foundation for hypothesis generation. Direct visualization of proteins via the green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its congeners has revolutionized the field of protein dynamics. Similarly, the ability to perceive the spatial organization of glycans could transform our understanding of their role in development, infection, and disease progression. Fluorescent tagging in cultured cells and developing organisms has revealed important insights into the dynamics of these structures during growth and development. These results have highlighted the need for additional imaging probes.
Quantum transport in antidot arrays in magnetic fields (1995)

Transport in antidot arrays in magnetic fields is studied numerically. We calculate the density of states and conductivity tensor by the self-consistent Born approximation. Although peak positions of the density of states agree well with the quantization condition for several short periodic orbits, the behavior of the conductivity tensor is very complicated. Coupling among the periodic orbits causes an oscillation in the Hall conductivity in magnetic fields around the localized peak. In low magnetic fields, the skipping orbit, which runs from an antidot to its neighboring antidot, plays a crucial role for diagonal conductivity, and its coupling with the periodic orbits causes an oscillation in the diagonal conductivity. The resulting magnetoresistance oscillates with a period near one magnetic flux quantum as observed in recent experiments. Furthermore, the oscillation due to the manifestation of Hofstadter's butterfly is present in both the diagonal conductivity and the Hall conductivity.
N-substituierte Corrole: eine neue Klasse chiraler Liganden (1999)

Obwohl sie schon seit fast 35 Jahren bekannt sind, wurde erst jetzt erkannt, daß N-substituierte Corrole chiral sind. In einer einfachen Zweischrittsynthese wurden mehrere dieser Verbindungen hergestellt; ihre Trennung in die Enantiomere gelang durch HPLC. Vom abgebildeten Corrol wurde auch der Zink(II)-Komplex synthetisiert.
Measurement and Modeling of an Ultra-Wide Bandwidth Indoor Channel (2004)

This paper describes the results of frequency-domain channel sounding in residential environments. It consists of detailed characterization of complex frequency responses of ultra-wideband (UWB) signals having a nominal center frequency of 5 GHz. A path loss model as well as a second-order autoregressive model is proposed for frequency response generation of the UWB indoor channel. Probability distributions of the model parameters for different locations are presented. Also, time-domain results such as root mean square delay spread and percent of captured power are presented.
Ultrathin Layered Semiconductor: Si-Rich Transition Metal Silicide (2007)

By ab initio calculation, we predict an atomically thin, stable layered semiconducting crystal (ZrSi12)n, which may be a prototype candidate material for the thin film channels of ultimately scaled metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) transistors. This material is composed of three atomic layers, in which a layer of Zr atoms is sandwiched by two layers of Si atoms. The Si atoms are arranged in graphene-like structures. This material is favorably formed from isolated ZrSi12 clusters. The energy band gap is of the indirect transition type and ∼0.3 eV in a generalized gradient approximation to the density functional theory. Both valence-band maximum and conduction-band minimum wavefunctions can be characterized by a hybrid of Zr d- and Si p-orbitals.
Laser nanotrapping and manipulation of nanoscale objects using subwavelength apertured plasmonic media (2008)

We study the net radiation force on dielectric nanowires above a planar plasmonic medium consisting of a nanostructured gold film on a glass substrate. The film has a subwavelength aperture and the medium is illuminated by a continuous plane wave. We compute the steady-state field distribution by using two-dimensional finite element analysis, and we evaluate the force on the nanowires above the aperture by using the Maxwell stress tensor. We show that the vertical position of a nanowire can be controlled by either tuning the wavelength of the laser source or tapering the aperture. We experimentally check the conclusions of the theory by realizing laser nanotrapping of dielectric beads near the surface of nanostructured metal. Our results demonstrate the potential of using nanostructured plasmonic media for the controlled optical manipulation of nanowires and nanoparticles, including their application as “plasmonic sieve” for separation based on size and/or refractive index.
Multibrid technology—a significant step to multi‐megawatt wind turbines (1998)

To fulfil the significant economic potential for offshore wind energy, it is essential that the largest possible installations must be allowed to come into use. Infrastructure investments for foundations and energy transport are only slightly dependent on the size of the installation, so these costs become proportionally smaller as the installed power output increases. This article puts forward a technologically novel type of development for a drive train design, specifically introduced for a 5 MW installation. The concept is especially suited for offshore application and the components are designed for this purpose. The usual way of modifying onshore plants partially and using them in the sea has been left with the present proposals. The design comprises a single-stage planetary gear, into which the rotor bearing is integrated, and a generator rotating at slow speed. Both components are assembled into a compact unit and are characterized by low wear and complete enclosure. New solutions are also proposed for the cooling of the machinery and the yaw system, offering particular advantages in offshore application. The advantages of the new technology are brought out from system comparisons with both a conventional plant configuration with a multi-stage gear and a high-speed generator, and also a combination with a direct drive generator in the 1·5 MW class. A particular design solution, worked through for a 5 MW installation, is presented and described in detail. At 31 kg kW−1, the specific tower head mass achieves a value that has not previously been realized in this power output class. As a result of the advantages that are brought together by this technology, both investment and operating costs are lowered, particularly for offshore applications. Implementation of this technology can thus provide a further stimulus for progress in wind energy utilization. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Whole-genome association studies of alcoholism with loci linked to schizophrenia susceptibility (2005)

By comparing 74 genes to the published results of various linkage studies of schizophrenia, we identified 13 alcoholism associated genes that were located in the regions reported to be linked to schizophrenia. These 13 identified genes can be important candidate genes to study the genetic mechanism of co-occurrence of both diseases.
Changes in Work Function and Electrical Resistance of Pt Thin Films in the Presence of Hydrogen Gas (2012)

The changes in the electrical properties, such as work function and resistance, of Pt thin films in the presence of hydrogen gas were studied. They were simultaneously measured with a flow-through cell at different concentrations of hydrogen gas in atmosphere containing gaseous nitrogen and that containing air. The resistance was measured by a four-terminal sensing method and the relative work function changes were measured using a field effect transistor. In both atmospheres, the resistance decreased as the concentration of hydrogen gas increased. This result was repeatable only in air because of the differences in the dynamic mechanism of increased density of electrical carriers inside the Pt film as a result of diffused H atoms. In the nitrogen atmosphere, the diffused H atoms were not easily released because of the surface barrier. On the other hand, oxygen gas reacted with H atoms at the surface and this reaction accelerated atom release into air. The work function showed repeatable responses in both atmospheres, but the response characteristics were different. The equilibrium reaction between the adsorption and desorption of hydrogen occurred at the surface in the nitrogen atmosphere, whereas the equilibrium reaction of hydrogen and oxygen to form water molecules occurred in air. The changes in work function and resistance in the presence of hydrogen were due to changes in dissociated hydrogen intensity in the bulk, as well as to the surface reactions.
P‐115: Color Light Guide Plate with Metallic Ag Nanostructures for TFT‐LCD (2008)

Abstract Periodic Ag metallic nanostructures with different size, shape, and line pitch on ITO/glass substrates have been fabricated by using electron‐beam lithography (EBL) technique for studying the color light guide in a TFT‐LCD system. Scattering ability of a nano‐Size metallic structure is depended on the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). Because of the light wave which can be diffracted by the nanostructures, and the different wavelengths will generate dissimilar first‐order diffraction angles. From this study, we have demonstrated that the back light system containing a metallic periodic nanostructure with varied line pitches can be used as a color filter in a LED device. This means that with a proper nanostructure layer, the RGB colors in a TFT‐LCD can be obtained without a traditional color filter.
Adiponectin Promotes Revascularization of Ischemic Muscle through a Cyclooxygenase 2-Dependent Mechanism (2009)

Adiponectin is a fat-derived plasma protein that has cardioprotective roles in obesity-linked diseases. Because cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is an important modulator of endothelial function, we investigated the possible contribution of COX-2 to adiponectin-mediated vascular responses in a mouse hind limb model of vascular insufficiency. Ischemic insult increased COX-2 expression in endothelial cells of wild-type mice, but this induction was attenuated in adiponectin knockout mice. Ischemia-induced revascularization was impaired in mice in which the Cox-2 gene is deleted in Tie2-Cre-expressing cells. Adenovirus-mediated overexpression of adiponectin enhanced COX-2 expression and revascularization of ischemic limbs in control mice, but not in targeted Cox-2-deficient mice. In cultured endothelial cells, adiponectin protein increased COX-2 expression, and ablation of COX-2 abrogated the adiponectin-stimulated increases in endothelial cell migration, differentiation, and survival. Ablation of calreticulin (CRT) or its adaptor protein CD91 diminished adiponectin-stimulated COX-2 expression and endothelial cell responses. These observations provide evidence that adiponectin promotes endothelial cell function through CRT/CD91-mediated increases in COX-2 signaling. Thus, disruption of the adiponectin-COX-2 regulatory axis in endothelial cells could participate in the pathogenesis of obesity-related vascular diseases.