gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bladder Organoids and Spheroids: Potential Tools for Normal and Diseased Tissue Modelling (2019)

Bladder-related diseases are among the most common and costly to the healthcare system, and therefore require new approaches to treatment. Organoids and spheroids are 3D cultures that mimic organ features ex vivo and offer novel approaches for diagnostic and therapeutic assessment. The aim of this article was to provide a systematic review of the literature related to bladder organoids and spheroids, applied to disease diagnosis, characterization, and treatment. PubMed and Web of Science were utilized in March 2018 to compile 191 articles satisfying search criteria related to bladder organoids or spheroids and 58 articles were included in the final review. Finally, cell types and techniques utilized for spheroid and organoid manufacture were characterized. The applications of bladder carcinoma spheroids and organoids followed three themes: cancer characterization, diagnosis, and treatment. Tumor characterization studies included a focus on extracellular matrix, microenvironment, genetics, and growth of tumor cells. Diagnostic studies explored the use of endogenous fluorophores and white light for photodiagnosis. Treatment studies investigated cancer chemotherapy, immunotherapy, oncolytic viruses, and gene therapy. Ten studies explored hypericin as a tool for diagnostics and photodynamic therapy. Additionally, two studies applied organoids to urinary tract infections.
Redundant Multi-Object Detection for Autonomous Vehicles in Structured Environments (2021)

This paper presents a redundant multi-object detection method for autonomous driving, exploiting a combination of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) and stereocamera sensors to detect different obstacles. These sensors are used for distinct perception pipelines considering a custom hardware/software architecture deployed on a self-driving electric racing vehicle. Consequently, the creation of a local map with respect to the vehicle position enables development of further local trajectory planning algorithms. The LiDAR-based algorithm exploits segmentation of point clouds for the ground filtering and obstacle detection. The stereocamera-based perception pipeline is based on a Single Shot Detector using a deep learning neural network. The presented algorithm is experimentally validated on the instrumented vehicle during different driving maneuvers.
An enzyme in the kynurenine pathway that governs vulnerability to suicidal behavior by regulating excitotoxicity and neuroinflammation (2016)

Emerging evidence suggests that inflammation has a key role in depression and suicidal behavior. The kynurenine pathway is involved in neuroinflammation and regulates glutamate neurotransmission. In the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of suicidal patients, levels of inflammatory cytokines and the kynurenine metabolite quinolinic acid (QUIN), an N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor agonist, are increased. The enzyme amino-β-carboxymuconate-semialdehyde-decarboxylase (ACMSD) limits QUIN formation by competitive production of the neuroprotective metabolite picolinic acid (PIC). Therefore, decreased ACMSD activity can lead to excess QUIN. We tested the hypothesis that deficient ACMSD activity underlies suicidal behavior. We measured PIC and QUIN in CSF and plasma samples from 137 patients exhibiting suicidal behavior and 71 healthy controls. We used DSM-IV and the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale and Suicide Assessment Scale to assess behavioral changes. Finally, we genotyped ACMSD tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in 77 of the patients and 150 population-based controls. Suicide attempters had reduced PIC and a decreased PIC/QUIN ratio in both CSF (P<0.001) and blood (P=0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). The reductions of PIC in CSF were sustained over 2 years after the suicide attempt based on repeated measures. The minor C allele of the ACMSD SNP rs2121337 was more prevalent in suicide attempters and associated with increased CSF QUIN. Taken together, our data suggest that increased QUIN levels may result from reduced activity of ACMSD in suicidal subjects. We conclude that measures of kynurenine metabolites can be explored as biomarkers of suicide risk, and that ACMSD is a potential therapeutic target in suicidal behavior.
Low-frequency noise in 4H–silicon carbide junction field effect transistors (1996)

Low frequency noise in 4H-silicon carbide junction field effect transistors (JFETs) has been investigated. JFETs with a buried p+n junction gate were manufactured by CREE Research Inc. Very low noise level has been observed in the JFETs. At 300 K the value of Hooge constant α is as small as α∼10−5 and the α value can be decreased by an appropriate annealing to α∼2×10−6. It has been shown that even these extremely low noise values are determined not by the volume noise sources but by the noise at the SiC–SiO2 interface.
Restrictive and liberal red cell transfusion strategies in adult patients: reconciling clinical data with best practice (2015)

Red blood cell (RBC) transfusion guidelines correctly promote a general restrictive transfusion approach for anemic hospitalized patients. Such recommendations have been derived from evaluation of specific patient populations, and it is important to recognize that engaging a strict guideline approach has the potential to incur harm if the clinician fails to provide a comprehensive review of the patient's physiological status in determining the benefit and risks of transfusion. We reviewed the data in support of a restrictive or a more liberal RBC transfusion practice, and examined the quality of the datasets and manner of their interpretation to provide better context by which a physician can make a sound decision regarding RBC transfusion therapy. Reviewed studies included PubMed-cited (1974 to 2013) prospective randomized clinical trials, prospective subset analyses of randomized studies, nonrandomized controlled trials, observational case series, consecutive and nonconsecutive case series, and review articles. Prospective randomized clinical trials were acknowledged and emphasized as the best-quality evidence. The results of the analysis support that restrictive RBC transfusion practices appear safe in the hospitalized populations studied, although patients with acute coronary syndromes, traumatic brain injury and patients at risk for brain or spinal cord ischemia were not well represented in the reviewed studies. The lack of quality data regarding the purported adverse effects of RBC transfusion at best suggests that restrictive strategies are no worse than liberal strategies under the studied protocol conditions, and RBC transfusion therapy in the majority of instances represents a marker for greater severity of illness. The conclusion is that in the majority of clinical settings a restrictive RBC transfusion strategy is cost-effective, reduces the risk of adverse events specific to transfusion, and introduces no harm. In anemic patients with ongoing hemorrhage, with risk of significant bleeding, or with concurrent ischemic brain, spinal cord, or myocardium, the optimal hemoglobin transfusion trigger remains unknown. Broad-based adherence to guideline approaches of therapy must respect the individual patient condition as interpreted by comprehensive clinical review.
A prospective approach to correct for inter‐image head rotation in FMRI (1998)

Global head motion occurring between successive image acquisitions during a functional MRI time series can corrupt the signal of physiologic brain activation, potentially invalidating interpretation of the final activation map from that particular fMRI time series. By approximating the head as a rigid body, multiaxial global head motion can be decomposed into orthogonal linear and rotational components. This paper describes a method using orbital navigator echoes to provide prospective correction for both through-plane and in-plane inter-image head rotation in functional MRI. The dynamic detection and correction of rotation can be performed in <100 ms. Phantom experiments demonstrate accurate correction of rotational motion over a range of +/-0.36 degrees to +/-12 degrees. Imaging studies in volunteers document the feasibility of real-time prospective correction of rotational motion in vivo. Using a modified receiver operating characteristic method, motion-corrected functional MRI sensorimotor studies incorporating deliberate head rotations are shown to be superior to functional MRI time series acquired under similar conditions but without motion correction.
SPC in Low-Vol. Manufacturing: A Case Study (1991)

Focusing on the process, not the product, is the key to implementing statistical process control in low-volume manufacturing environments. One approach is to initially assume that all products are being produced by a common process. Data can be used to ..
Supplementary Tables 1-5 from Caveolin Gene Expression Predicts Clinical Outcomes for Early-Stage HER2-Negative Breast Cancer Treated with Paclitaxel-Based Chemotherapy in the GeparSepto Trial (2023)

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ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIVITY OF SULFINYLDITHIOACETATE AND SULFONYLDITHIOACETATE ESTERS AND SOME RELATED COMPOUNDS (1984)

Abstract Durch Reaktion der Thiocarbonate (I) mit DMSO (II) und anschließende Alkylierung mit den Halogeniden (III) erhält man die Dithioacetale (IV), von denen (IVa) oder (IVb) zu den Derivaten (VII) und (IX) weiterreagieren.
Molecular Epidemiology of Infectious Bronchitis Virus Isolates from China and Southeast Asia (2001)

In order to trace the origin and evolution of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolates in China and Southeast Asia, genomic sequencing was used for molecular characterization of 24 IBV isolates and two reference strains in comparison with the published sequences. The 5' region of the S1 genes, containing hypervariable regions I and II, and 3' region of the nucleocapsid genes, containing cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes, were used to construct phylogenetic trees for analysis. The results showed that the 24 isolates could be divided into three distinct groups, that is, American, Asian, and European. Some isolates formed a distinct Asian phylogenetic group, suggesting that IBV has existed for some time in Asia. Our results also showed that in vivo recombination of IBV may have occurred at a rather high frequency, contributing to the diversity of these IBV isolates. Importantly, recombination events have probably occurred between vaccine strains and field strains in the natural condition.
Thermally Induced Silane Dehydrocoupling on Silicon Nanostructures (2016)

Abstract Organic trihydridosilanes can be grafted to hydrogen‐terminated porous Si nanostructures with no catalyst. The reaction proceeds efficiently at 80 °C, and it shows little sensitivity to air or water impurities. The modified surfaces are stable to corrosive aqueous solutions and common organic solvents. Octadecylsilane H 3 Si(CH 2 ) 17 CH 3 , and functional silanes H 3 Si(CH 2 ) 11 Br, H 3 Si(CH 2 ) 9 CH=CH 2 , and H 3 Si(CH 2 ) 2 (CF 2 ) 5 CF 3 are readily grafted. When performed on a mesoporous Si wafer, the perfluoro reagent yields a superhydrophobic surface (contact angle 151°). The bromo‐derivative is converted to azide, amine, or alkyne functional surfaces via standard transformations, and the utility of the method is demonstrated by loading of the antibiotic ciprofloxaxin (35 % by mass). When intrinsically photoluminescent porous Si films or nanoparticles are used, photoluminescence is retained in the grafted products, indicating that the chemistry does not introduce substantial nonradiative surface traps.
Powerformer/sup TM/-experiences from the application of extruded solid dielectric cables in the stator winding of rotating machines (2002)

ABB has developed a new class of generators, Powerformer/sup TM/ which are able to deliver electric power directly at transmission voltage levels. This is achieved by changing from traditional stator windings with rectangular conductors to windings with circular conductors based on proven high voltage cable technology with solid extruded dielectric. The paper discusses the concept of Powerformer and some of the experiences gained from the application of high voltage power cables in the stator winding. The high-voltage generator prototype, rated at 45 kV and 11 MVA, has been operating since spring 1998 in Porjus hydropower plant in northern Sweden. Furthermore, two case studies are presented; one Powerformer rated 42 MVA at 136 kV, for a thermal application and one Powerformer for a hydropower application rated at 75 MVA and 155 kV; Consequences with a Powerformer applied in an underground power plant are also discussed. Finally, some future outlooks regarding application for Powerformer are presented.
Low insertion loss modulator based on a vertically coupled photonic crystal resonator (2012)

We experimentally demonstrate a simple but more efficient technique to modulate and multiplex multiple WDM channels. Our design is based on a bus waveguide vertically coupled to multiple Photonic Crystal (PhC) resonator, each of which modulates an individual channel in place. The Photonic crystal resonator modulator provide very low switching energies (~fJ) while the bus waveguide can be made from a material with a low refractive index thereby allowing very efficient coupling with an optical fiber.
Detecting and mitigating denial of service attacks against the data plane in software defined networks (2017)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) introduces a new network architecture offering means of programmability through an externalized centralized control plane. As a result most security research addresses attacks against this central entity. Contrary to that, attacks against the data plane in SDN did not perceive a broad attention in the scientific community so far. In this work we discuss Denial of Service attacks against the data plane and their impact. We propose a tailored statistical detection approach as well as a lightweight countermeasure. We evaluate the detection by simulation and an analytical approach. Throughout this evaluation, we highlight the trade-off between detection speed and adaptability and show a way to tune the solution analytically. Our results show, that we can detect and mitigate attacks against the data plane in a lightweight and dependable way.
Scanned-fringe, spatial-harmonic-distortion test for detector nonlinearity (1994)

Results are presented for a modification of the spatial-harmonic-distortion test, suitable for nonlinearity measurement of single-element detectors, using a scanned-fringe technique and an electronic spectrum analyzer. Detector nonlinearity of less than 1% was measured at a wavelength of 10.6 μm. Previously, the smallest measured nonlinearity for the spatial-harmonic-distortion test was of the order of 3%, using a stationary-fringe technique and an 8-bit frame grabber.
Mechanical system monitoring using hidden Markov models (1991)

A hidden Markov model (HMM)-based approach to mechanical system monitoring is presented. The resulting system is shown to be useful for machining applications with the associated problems of tool wear detection and prediction. The approach is based on continuous density, left-right HMMs that closely match the one-way, fresh-to-worn transition process of machining tools. The Baum-Welch iterative training procedure is modified to incorporate prior knowledge of the transitions between tool wear states. Results presented demonstrate that a multisensor HMM-based system is an effective approach for tool wear detection and prediction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: ME5CU3LI2: A REAGENT FOR CONJUGATE METHYLATION OF α,β‐UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES (1982)

Abstract (IX) wird anhand des Cyclohexyliden‐acetaldehyds (I) untersucht; die Bedingungen für eine Methylierung zu (III) werden optimiert und (II) als die beste Verbindung ermittelt.
Abstract 1657: A pivotal role for epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) in survival of lung cancer cells (2011)

Abstract Introduction: Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is overexpressed in a wide variety of human cancers, including lung cancer, and its contribution to increased proliferation through up-regulating cell cycle accelerators such as cyclin A/E is well demonstrated in breast and gastric cancers. Nevertheless, very little is known about its role in survival of cancer cells. In addition, functional role of EpCAM in the pathogenesis of lung cancer remains to be explored. Matrials and methods: 18 human non-small cell lung cancer cell lines and an immortalized normal human bronchial epithelial cell (HBEC4) lines were used. EpCAM expression was measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and FACS. RNA interference (RNAi)-mediated gene silencing for EpCAM was done in three non-small cell lung cancer cell and HBEC4 lines. Cell proliferation was measured by WST-1 and clonogenic growth was measured by liquid and soft agar colony formation assays. Apoptosis was evaluated by annexin V/7-AAD staining. FACS with PI staining was done to examine apoptosis and cell cycle. p27kip1 expression was evaluated by western blot analysis. In vitro invasion assay was done by using transwell chambers layered with matrigel and invading cells were stained and counted. Results: We analyzed the expression of EpCAM in a panel of lung cancer cell and HBEC4 lines and found that most of lung cancer cell lines expressed EpCAM. EpCAM knockdown suppressed proliferation and clonogenic growth of two EpCAM-expressing lung cancer cell lines in anchorage dependent and independent conditions. EpCAM knockdown suppressed invasiveness in a highly invasive line but not in a lowly invasive cell line. In addition, EpCAM knockdown induced massive apoptosis in both cell lines as well as another EpCAM-expressing lung cancer cell line but to a much lesser extent in HBEC4 line. EpCAM knockdown caused lung cancer cells to have increased responsiveness to contact inhibition in part through up-regulating p27kip1 cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that EpCAM substantially contributes to the pathogenesis of lung cancer, especially in its survival, and the development of EpCAM-targeted therapy for lung cancer may have promise. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1657. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-1657
Dual targeting of the tumor and its associated vasculature using a single bispecific chimeric antigen receptor molecule (2014)

Meeting abstracts We have previously demonstrated the efficacy of HER2 specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in animal models of human cancer. While HER2 CAR T cells induced tumor regression, tumors recurred in a subset of animals. Lytic co-targeting of the tumor endothelium could
Progress toward an efficient traveling wave in-line fiber analog modulator (2002)

An in-line fiber modulator is an asymmetric directional coupler consisting of a continuous single mode fiber interacting through the evanescent fields with an electro-optic (EO) waveguide. Such an asymmetric coupler can be described by coupled wave theory.
The Glucocorticoid Hormone Dexamethasone Reverses the Growth Hormone-Releasing Properties of the Cholinomimetic Carbachol* (1989)

We recently reported that dexamethasone (DEX) enhances acetylcholine (ACh) release from pituitary cell aggregates. In the present study, the effect of DEX on the GH-releasing properties of the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CCh) was investigated. Perifusion of hemipituitaries from 14-day-old rats with CCh stimulated basal GH release. CCh also increased basal GH release from organ-cultured pituitaries and from pituitary cells cultured as reaggregates, but only when the thyroid hormone T3 was supplemented to the culture medium. Pretreatment of the animals in vivo with DEX abolished the CCh-induced increase in basal GH release from hemipituitaries tested in vitro. Treatment of pituitary organ cultures and reaggregate cell cultures with DEX reversed the stimulation of basal GH release by CCh into an inhibition. CCh also inhibited isoproterenol- and GRF-stimulated GH release from DEX-treated pituitary cell reaggregates. In contrast, the responsiveness of tumoral GH3 cell aggregates to CCh was not dependent on T3 or DEX during culture. The half-maximal concentration of CCh for inhibition was significantly lower than that for stimulation (1 and 10 microM, respectively). Perifusion with CCh of DEX-treated cell reaggregates consisting of a highly enriched somatotroph population (greater than 90% GH immunoreactive cells), obtained by sequential velocity and buoyant density sedimentation of dispersed cells, also inhibited basal GH release. Pretreatment of pituitary cell reaggregates cultured in DEX-supplemented medium with pertussis toxin completely abolished the inhibition by CCh. The inhibition of GH release by CCh was not affected by the Na+ conductance blocker tetrodotoxin, the Cl- channel blocker picrotoxin, or the K+ channel blocker caesium, but was abolished by the Ca2+ channel blockers cadmium and verapamil. In conclusion, CCh is capable of both stimulating and inhibiting GH release in different pituitary in vitro assay systems; the inhibition is dependent on glucocorticoids and the stimulation on the thyroid hormone T3. The mechanism of action of the inhibition seems to involve a GTP-binding protein and most probably a decrease in calcium conductance in the somatotroph.
Frequency governors for cloud database OLTP workloads (2017)

Dynamically controlling processor frequency to save power while meeting customer Service-Level Objectives (SLOs) can reduce the cost of goods sold for cloud service providers. However, resource governance for Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) workloads in the cloud is complicated by throughput constraints, latency constraints, shallow sleep states that lower processor utilization, and (often) isolation of applications from hardware resource governors. This paper demonstrates a novel frequency governor that improves upon existing Intel P-state and Cpufreq governors in saving power for a cloud OLTP benchmark on Microsoft SQL Server for Linux.
Getting down and dirty: device-level programming using the Real-Time Specification for Java (2003)

The Real-Time Specification for Java (RTSJ) provides many mechanisms for "real-world" programming, including the ability to express timeliness constraints for computations, respond to asynchronous events, and access physical memory. As a demonstration of the realworld capabilities of the RTSJ, we implemented an autonomous mobile robot programmed solely in Java. In this paper, we describe the implementation of this robotic control software, as well as other examples of device-level software in the Java programming language.