gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Brittle Concrete for Durable Infrastructure in Coastal Regions (2010)

Peer Reviewed
Progress towards a high-resolution retinal prosthesis (2007)

Electronic retinal prostheses represent a potentially effective approach for restoring some degree of sight in blind patients with retinal degeneration. Functional restoration of sight would require hundreds to thousands of electrodes effectively stimulating remaining neurons in the retina. We present a design of an optoelectronic retinal prosthetic system having 3mm diameter retinal implant with pixel sizes down to 25 micrometers, which allows for natural eye scanning for observing a large field of view, as well as spatial and temporal processing of the visual scene to optimize the patient experience. Information from a head mounted video camera is processed in a portable computer and delivered to the implanted photodiode array by projection from the LCD goggles using pulsed IR (810 nm) light. Each photodiode converts pulsed light (0.5 ms in duration) into electric current with efficiency of 0.3 A/W using common bi-phasic power line. Power is provided by the inductively-coupled RF link from the coil on the goggles into a miniature power supply implanted between the sclera and the conjuctiva, and connected to subretinal implant with a thin 2-wire trans-scleral cable. 3-dimensional structures in the subretinal prosthesis induce retinal migration and thus ensure close proximity between stimulating electrodes and the target retinal neurons. Subretinal implantations of the 3-dimentional pillar and chamber arrays in RCS rats with 2 and 6 week follow-up demonstrate achievement of intimate proximity between the stimulation cites and the inner nuclear layer. In some instances formation of a fibrotic seal has been observed.
Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics of Raltegravir Given at 2 Doses of 400 mg by Swallowing Versus One Dose of 800 mg by Chewing in Healthy Volunteers (2014)

RAL at 800 mg once daily by chewing the tablets may represent a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of HIV being associated with higher drug absorption, reduced pharmacokinetic variability, and potentially better compliance compared with patients swallowing the 400-mg bid intact tablets.
Triple-Stage Mass Spectrometry Unravels the Heterogeneity of an Endogenous Protein Complex (2017)

Protein complexes often represent an ensemble of different assemblies with distinct functions and regulation. This increased complexity is enabled by the variety of protein diversification mechanisms that exist at every step of the protein biosynthesis pathway, such as alternative splicing and post transcriptional and translational modifications. The resulting variation in subunits can generate compositionally distinct protein assemblies. These different forms of a single protein complex may comprise functional variances that enable response and adaptation to varying cellular conditions. Despite the biological importance of this layer of complexity, relatively little is known about the compositional heterogeneity of protein complexes, mostly due to technical barriers of studying such closely related species. Here, we show that native mass spectrometry (MS) offers a way to unravel this inherent heterogeneity of protein assemblies. Our approach relies on the advanced Orbitrap mass spectrometer capable of multistage MS analysis across all levels of protein organization. Specifically, we have implemented a two-step fragmentation process in the inject flatapole device, which was converted to a linear ion trap, and can now probe the intact protein complex assembly, through its constituent subunits, to the primary sequence of each protein. We demonstrate our approach on the yeast homotetrameric FBP1 complex, the rate-limiting enzyme in gluconeogenesis. We show that the complex responds differently to changes in growth conditions by tuning phosphorylation dynamics. Our methodology deciphers, on a single instrument and in a single measurement, the stoichiometry, kinetics, and exact position of modifications, contributing to the exposure of the multilevel diversity of protein complexes.
A case study of glucose levels during sleep using fast function on scalar regression inference (2022)

Continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) are increasingly used to measure blood glucose levels and provide information about the treatment and management of diabetes. Our motivating study contains CGM data during sleep for 174 study participants with type II diabetes mellitus measured at a 5-minute frequency for an average of 10 nights. We aim to quantify the effects of diabetes medications and sleep apnea severity on glucose levels. Statistically, this is an inference question about the association between scalar covariates and functional responses. However, many characteristics of the data make analyses difficult, including (1) non-stationary within-day patterns; (2) substantial between-day heterogeneity, non-Gaussianity, and outliers; 3) large dimensionality due to the number of study participants, sleep periods, and time points. We evaluate and compare two methods: fast univariate inference (FUI) and functional additive mixed models (FAMM). We introduce a new approach for calculating p-values for testing a global null effect of covariates using FUI, and provide practical guidelines for speeding up FAMM computations, making it feasible for our data. While FUI and FAMM are philosophically different, they lead to similar point estimators in our study. In contrast to FAMM, FUI is fast, accounts for within-day correlations, and enables the construction of joint confidence intervals. Our analyses reveal that: (1) biguanide medication and sleep apnea severity significantly affect glucose trajectories during sleep, and (2) the estimated effects are time-invariant.
<title>PACS reading time comparision: the workstation versus alternator for ultrasound</title> (1991)

During a nine-month period, ultrasound reading was switched between a PACS workstation (CommViewR, AT&T/Philips) and a film alternator (PanoramascopeR RADX). The two radiologists who participated in this study were well acquainted with the operation of both systems. A total of 430 cases were read, and whether on film (n equals 292) or from the workstation (n equals 138), a routine mix of cases was interpreted. A timing study was performed which involved recording the time it took to read and dictate the cases. A previous study had concentrated on other facets of the total time, so these were not repeated. Over all cases read, the workstation readings took longer by an average of approximately 33 seconds per case. A review of the reports generated showed no differences in the average length, so that the time difference was thought to be due to other factors. The majority of the difference is the result of the longer time it takes to display all images at full resolution on the workstation. On the alternator, the average number of films per case can fit on one alternator panel, so to see all images, there is no need to page to the next panel. The workstation, on the other hand, can only display about half of the total images per study at once, so that paging must be done for almost all cases. This paper presents the detailed findings of this study and discusses the implications for the daily use of a workstation for reading.
Regularized Inversion Method for Frequency-Domain Recovery of the Full Synthetic Aperture Dataset from Focused Transmissions (2018)

Accurate recovery of the full-synthetic aperture (FSA)dataset from focused transmissions can enable synthetic transmit focusing without the drawbacks of single-element and virtual-element transmissions and enable a wide array of imaging techniques that require the FSA dataset. Recovery of the FSA dataset has previously been performed using an adjoint-based method on a steered transmit sequence for phased-arrays. We present a regularized inversion method for FSA dataset recovery that allows a wider variety of aperture specifications and is intended to perform more accurately in walking aperture sequences. The goal of this method is to improve FSA dataset accuracy and achievable image quality.
Synthesis of Functionalized α,α-Disubstituted β-Alkynyl Esters from Allenoates through an Alkynylenolate Intermediate (2008)

Highly substituted alpha,alpha-disubstituted beta-alkynyl esters are readily prepared from allenyl esters and either alkyl halide, acid chloride, or alkyl chloroformate, mediated by an amide base. This highly efficient and mild process tolerates various functional groups and provides alpha,alpha-disubstituted beta-alkynyl esters in good to excellent yields. This method is especially suitable for the synthesis of 1,n-enynes or 1,n-diynes (n > 4). Electrophilic cyclization of 1,5-enyne gives a highly functionalized gamma-iodolactone, whereas its platinum-catalyzed cycloisomerization affords 1,3-cyclohexadiene.
The mobile‐phase effects on stationary‐phase properties in capillary supercritical fluid chromatography (1986)

Abstract A significant uptake of supercritical mobile phases into immobilized stationary phases has been observed. The phase swelling effect has been evaluated hydrodynamically for SE‐30, SE‐54, and cyanopropyl silicone phases with respect to the mobile‐phase density of supercritical butane, column temperature, and the presence of a polar retention moderator. Some kinetic and retention consequences of the swelling phenomena are discussed.
Oleacein Attenuates the Pathogenesis of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis through Both Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects (2020)

Altogether, our results show that the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory OLE has neuroprotective effects in the CNS of EAE mice, pointing out this natural product as a candidate to consider for research on MS treatments.
Supplementary Table S3 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate (2023)

Supplementary Table S3 from Quantitative live imaging of cancer and normal cells treated with Kinesin-5 inhibitors indicates significant differences in phenotypic responses and cell fate
Temperature-induced Phase Transitions in Micro-, Submicro-, and Nanocrystalline NaNbO3 (2007)

Phase transitions in micro-, submicro-, and nanocrystalline NaNbO3 were investigated by temperature-tuning Raman spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction method. Three powders with different average particle size showed successive phase transitions within the measured temperature range from −150 to 450 °C. The temperature characteristics of Raman active phonons in microcrystalline NaNbO3 corresponded the one reported for bulk NaNbO3, which transforms with increasing temperature from the ferroelectric N into the antiferroelectric P phase and finally above 373 °C (Tm3) into the antiferroelectric R phase. Submicrocrystalline NaNbO3, which takes the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic Pmc21 structure at room temperature, transformed into a pseudocubic structure at 333 °C (Ts3). Nanocrystalline NaNbO3 showed a diffused phase transition from an orthorhombic Pmma structure to a high-temperature phase at around 180 °C (Tn2). For micro- and submicrocrystalline NaNbO3, hysteretic phase transition behavior was found for the temperature characteristics of specific phonons. On the other hand, the characteristics obtained for nanocrystalline NaNbO3 were much more diffused and did not show any hysteretic effect. Crystal structure refinements of the X-ray powder diffraction patterns using the Rietveld method demonstrated a hysteretic deformation of the a−b plane for microcrystalline NaNbO3 around Tm3 and of the b−c plane for submicrocrystalline NaNbO3 around Ts3. The temperature dependence of the primitive perovskite volumes showed a very small hysteresis for microcrystalline NaNbO3 but a clear one for submicrocrystalline NaNbO3. Lattice distortion of the submicrocrystalline Pmc21 structure from a cubic perovskite lattice induced a particularly large contraction of parameter c around Ts3 with increasing temperature, which resulted in a decrease of the primitive cell volume. This transition showed a first-order type character, which may relate to a ferroelectric−antiferroelectric transition. Rearrangement of the NbO6 octahedra induces a transition from an orthorhombic into a pseudocubic structure.
Oxidation on Poly Silicon at Low Temperature Using UV Light-excited Ozone Gas (2007)

We have grown SiO2 film on the polycrystalline Si layer using excited ozone gas, which is produced by ultra-violet light irradiation to ozone gas, and characterized the electric properties of the SiO2 film at the MIS capacitor configuration. Even at room temperature, the SiO2 of ~8.5 nm thick can be grown in 60 min. on 1.5×1.5 cm2 poly-Si chips. The leakage current density across the SiO2 film was well fitted to the F-N tunnel current over 6 MV/cm and the breakdown occurred at above 12 MV/cm showing that the film properties satisfy the device quality. The oxidation rate of Si by the excited ozone gas did not show difference on between Si(100) and Si(111) wafers. These results indicate that excited ozone gas can form homogenous SiO2 film on the poly-silicon layer with grains with various silicon crystal orientations at the surfaces.
The electroquasistatics of the capacitive touch panel (1990)

The capacitive touch panel, a high-resolution position sensor intended for computer displays, must be safe and inexpensive and must sense position accurately in spite of electrical noise, dirt, or direct electrostatic discharge. The implementation discussed uses a quasi-static electric field, applied to a semiconducting coating on the panel surface. A touch draws current from the surface. This current can be used to compute position. If the computation is performed properly, the computed position is independent of touch current and panel coating resistivity. The electroquasistatic basis for position measurement with a capacitive touch panel and a system to implement it are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CRITICAL THINKING AND SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN EFL CONTEXT: A LITERATURE REVIEW (2021)

Critical thinking should be encouraged in English as a Foreign Language learning based on a scientific approach. The present study reviews arguments, opinions, and previous studies on the implementation of scientific approaches in English as a Foreign Language classes for improving student's critical thinking. The review reveals that critical thinking skills cover three aspects: quick thinking, creative thinking, and analytical thinking. To improve the students’ critical thinking, teachers play a crucial role in the learning process using innovative learning models based on scientific approaches. Three learning models considered most useful for developing students' critical thinking are discovery learning, problem-based learning, and project-based learning. Through discovery learning, students learn new things by solving the problem and exploring. In problem-based learning, a contextual problem is given at the beginning of the lesson, not the content being discussed. The third, project-based learning, students learn by doing and being enthusiastic with all processes of learning. Since critical thinking skills are crucial for solving language learning problems and beyond, language learning should integrate linguistic contents with the cognitive skills and dispositions, dimensions of critical thinking.
A secure client-side framework for protecting the privacy of health data stored on the cloud (2018)

In the past decade, Cloud-Computing emerged as a new computing concept with a distributed nature using virtual network and systems. Many businesses rely on this technology to keep their systems running but concerns are rising about security breaches in cloud computing. Cloud providers (CPs) are taking significant measures to maintain the security and privacy of the data stored on their premises, in order to preserve the customers' trust. Nevertheless, in certain applications, such as medical health records for example, the medical facility is responsible for preserving the privacy of the patients' data. Although the facility can offload the overhead of storing large amounts of data by using cloud storage, relying solely on the security measures taken by the CP might not be sufficient. Any security breach at the CP's premises does not protect the medical facility from being held accountable. This work aims to solve this problem by presenting a secure approach for storing data on the cloud while keeping the customer in control of the security and privacy of their data.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Reduction of Alkyl 3‐Oxobutanoate by Carbonyl Reductase from Candida magnoliae. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Front Matter: Volume 10112 (2017)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10112, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and Conference Committee listing.
Improving the Speech Quality with OSC: Double Full-Rate Performance Assessment (2010)

Speech quality is an important measurement for performance evaluation in a wireless mobile communication system since voice is still the most used service on it. The speech quality evaluation in GSM system employing narrowband and wideband AMR codecs with Orthogonal Sub Channel (OSC) technique is addressed in this paper. OSC is a feature proposed in 3GPP GERAN to double circuit switched capacity in GSM networks. It has introduced two new channel modes, namely Double Full-rate (DFR), and Double Half-rate (DHR), which have doubled capacity when compared to legacy AMR channel modes.Many of the efforts in standardization are concentrated on studying hardware improvements lead by AMR DHR usage over AMR HR channel mode. Although AMR DFR has not brought hardware efficiency improvements over legacy channel modes, in this paper it is shown that speech quality is improved over AMR HR with the same blocking capacity; therefore it is a good solution for some interference limited networks. Furthermore, we also investigate the speech quality of wideband AMR DFR codecs which provides a substantial improvement when compared with narrowband AMR.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Haplotype and Cell Proliferation Analyses of Candidate Lung Cancer Susceptibility Genes on Chromosome 15q24-25.1 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Haplotype and Cell Proliferation Analyses of Candidate Lung Cancer Susceptibility Genes on Chromosome 15q24-25.1
PW 2651 Prevention of climbing-related injury using an intelligent artificial camera and digital human child model (2018)

It is still very difficult even for advanced simulation systems to predict how children interact with products in everyday life situations because the environment around children, including the layout of consumer products in their homes, constantly changes, and because children change their behaviors depending on the position of their center of gravity and muscular strength. The purpose of this study is to develop a children’s climbing behavior database to clarify the configuration space of climbing behavior that enable the prediction and simulation of possible climbing postures in children. We developed a system that collects three-dimensional posture data from color and depth images using a RGB-D camera that can capture color images and depth data, and then used pose recognition software (OpenPose) to acquire posture data. In order to construct a database of children’s climbing behavior using our developed system, we performed an observational study on how children interact with a climbing apparatus. Fourteen children aged 20 to 58 months participated. Using depth data from Kinect (a Microsoft’s RGB-D camera) and posture data detected by Open Pose, our developed system obtains 3D coordinate data for the detected person’s posture. The coordinates of the acquired postures were converted into nine values to normalize the posture data. We purposely extracted postures only when a child touched the climbing apparatus because children react in response to the shape of an object. The extracted posture data were compressed into two or three dimensions using dimension reduction and plotted on a scatter plot. The collection of points on the plotted scatter plot can be treated as a data-driven configuration space, which indicates the space of postures that children are able to take when they climb. We showed that it is possible to generate configuration spaces using posture data of children’s climbing behaviors.
ChemInform Abstract: A Monogalactopyranosyl Acylglycerol from Oltmannsiellopsis unicellularis (NIES‐359) (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Post-Transplant Methotrexate Administration Leads to Improved Curability of Mice Bearing a Mammary Tumor Transplanted with Marrow Transduced with a Mutant Human Dihydrofolate Reductase cDNA (1997)

To test the concept that protection of bone marrow progenitor cells via introduction of a drug resistance gene would allow larger and curative doses of chemotherapy to be administered, we used mice bearing a transplanted breast cancer as a model system. Mice bearing the E0771 tumor were treated with lethal doses of cyclophosphamide (CPA) and rescued from toxicity by administration of bone marrow transduced with a mutant dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) cDNA (Ser-31) in a retroviral construct. Animals receiving marrow not transduced with mutant DHFR cDNA died from methotrexate (MTX) toxicity, whereas mice transduced with mutant DHFR cDNA containing marrow were able to tolerate MTX treatment post-transplant; 44% of the mice had no demonstrable tumor when sacrificed on day 52. Another control group of mice treated with CPA and transplanted but not treated with MTX post-transplant succumbed to tumor regrowth. These data provide a strong rationale for the use of drug resistance genes to protect marrow from drug toxicity because the increase in dose tolerated may result in an improved cure rate of chemosensitive tumors.
Back to the basics: Understanding joint swelling and tenderness at the wrist in rheumatoid arthritis through the use of ultrasonography (2018)

Ultrasound detected substantial inflammation when wrist joint swelling and tenderness are both present. Joint swelling without tenderness is associated with significantly more frequent PD detection. Without swelling, joint tenderness is not associated with a significantly greater degree of ultrasound-detected inflammation.