gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Jet and underlying event properties as a function of charged-particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at √s=7 TeV (2013)

Characteristics of multi-particle production in proton-proton collisions at √ s = 7 TeV are studied as a function of the charged-particle multiplicity, Nch. The produced particles are separated into two classes: those belonging to jets and those belonging to the underlying event. Charged particles are measured with pseudorapidity |η| &lt; 2.4 and transverse momentum pT &gt; 0.25 GeV/c. Jets are reconstructed from chargedparticles only and required to have pT &gt; 5 GeV/c. The distributions of jet pT, average pT of charged particles belonging to the underlying event or to jets, jet rates, and jet shapes are presented as functions of Nch and compared to the predictions of the PYTHIA and HERWIG event generators. Predictions without multi-parton interactions fail completely to describe the Nch-dependence observed in the data. For increasing Nch, PYTHIA systematically predicts higher jet rates and harder pT spectra than seen in the data, whereas HERWIG shows the opposite trends. At the highest multiplicity, the data–model agreement is worse for most observables, indicating the need for further tuning and/or new model ingredients.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Is Not Essential for Control ofTrypanosoma cruziInfection in Mice (2004)

Immune control of many intracellular pathogens, including Trypanosoma cruzi, is reported to be dependent on the production of nitric oxide. In this study, we show that mice deficient in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS or NOS2) exhibit resistance to T. cruzi infection that is comparable to that of wild-type mice. This is the case for two iNOS-deficient mouse strains, Nos2(tm1Lau) and Nos2 N5, infected with the Brazil or Tulahuen strain of T. cruzi. In all cases, blood parasitemia, tissue parasite load, and survival rates are similar between wild-type and iNOS-deficient mice. In contrast, both wild-type and Nos2(tm1Lau) mice died within 32 days postinfection when treated with the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor aminoguanidine. Increased transcription of NOS1 or NOS3 is not found in iNOS-knockout (KO) mice, indicating that the absence of nitric oxide production through iNOS is not compensated for by increased production of other NOS isoforms. However, Nos2(tm1Lau) mice exhibit enhanced expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha compared to that of wild-type mice, and these alterations may in part compensate for the lack of iNOS. These results clearly show that iNOS is not required for control of T. cruzi infection in mice.
Contactless Determination of Electrical Conductivity of One-Dimensional Nanomaterials by Solution-Based Electro-orientation Spectroscopy (2015)

Nanowires of the same composition, and even fabricated within the same batch, often exhibit electrical conductivities that can vary by orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, existing electrical characterization methods are time-consuming, making the statistical survey of highly variable samples essentially impractical. Here, we demonstrate a contactless, solution-based method to efficiently measure the electrical conductivity of 1D nanomaterials based on their transient alignment behavior in ac electric fields of different frequencies. Comparison with direct transport measurements by probe-based scanning tunneling microscopy shows that electro-orientation spectroscopy can quantitatively measure nanowire conductivity over a 5-order-of-magnitude range, 10(-5)-1 Ω(-1) m(-1) (corresponding to resistivities in the range 10(2)-10(7) Ω·cm). With this method, we statistically characterize the conductivity of a variety of nanowires and find significant variability in silicon nanowires grown by metal-assisted chemical etching from the same wafer. We also find that the active carrier concentration of n-type silicon nanowires is greatly reduced by surface traps and that surface passivation increases the effective conductivity by an order of magnitude. This simple method makes electrical characterization of insulating and semiconducting 1D nanomaterials far more efficient and accessible to more researchers than current approaches. Electro-orientation spectroscopy also has the potential to be integrated with other solution-based methods for the high-throughput sorting and manipulation of 1D nanomaterials for postgrowth device assembly.
Development and Validation of an Impedance Biosensor for Point-Of-Care Detection of Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Toward Lupus Diagnostics (2017)

The novel sensor technology demonstrates detection in the range of 8 fg/ml to 800 pg/ml and comparative analysis with ELISA platforms was performed for 12 patient urine samples.
Developmental Focus on Disorders of Sex Development: Special Issue Overview (2015)

Key words disorders of sex development (DSD) - gender development - psychosocial development - clinical management
Cloud-based Instruction Model for Electrical Engineering Courses: A Rapid Response to Enable Fully Online Course Delivery (2021)

He has over 20 years of industrial experience designing analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits for companies including Intel, Sacramento (formerly Level One Com-
Escherichia coli isolated from commercial layer hens in Australia remain susceptible to critically important antimicrobials (2023)

Abstract Controlling the use of the most critically important antimicrobials (CIAs) in food animals has been identified as one of the key measures required to curb the transmission of antimicrobial resistant bacteria from animals to humans. Expanding the evidence demonstrating the effectiveness of restricting CIA usage for preventing the emergence of resistance to key drugs amongst commensal organisms in animal production would do much to strengthen international efforts to control antimicrobial resistance (AMR). As Australia has strict controls on antimicrobial use in layer hens, and internationally comparatively low levels of poultry disease due to strict national biosecurity measures, we investigated whether these circumstances have resulted in curtailing development of critical forms of AMR. The work comprised a cross-sectional national survey of 62 commercial layer farms with each assessed for AMR in Escherichia coli isolates recovered from faeces. Minimum inhibitory concentration analysis using a panel of 13 antimicrobials was performed on 296 isolates with those exhibiting phenotypic resistance to fluoroquinolones (a CIA) or multi-class resistance (MCR) subjected to whole genome sequencing. Overall, 52.0% of the isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested, and all isolates were susceptible to ceftiofur, chloramphenicol and colistin. Resistance was observed to ampicillin (16.2%), cefoxitin (1.4%), ciprofloxacin (2.7%), florfenicol (2.4%), gentamicin (1.0%), streptomycin (4.7%), tetracycline (37.8%) and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (10.5%). Multi-class resistance was observed in 23 isolates (7.7%), with one isolate (ST746) exhibiting resistance to five antimicrobial classes. Whole genome sequencing found that ciprofloxacin-resistant (fluoroquinolone) isolates were devoid of both known chromosomal mutations in the quinolone resistance determinant regions and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes ( qnr ) - other than in one isolate (ST155) which carried the qnrS gene. Two MCR E. coli isolates with ciprofloxacin-resistance were found to be carrying known resistance genes including aadA1, dfrA1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), bla TEM-1B , qnrS1 and tet(A ). Overall, this study found that E. coli from layer hens in Australia have low rates of AMR, likely due to strict control on antimicrobial usage achieved by the sum of regulation and voluntary measures.
Protective association of HLA-DRB1 *04 subtypes in neurodegenerative diseases implicates acetylated Tau PHF6 sequences (2021)

Abstract Using genome-wide association data, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s (PD) or Alzheimer’s (AD) disease versus controls across ancestry groups. A shared genetic association was observed across diseases at rs601945 (PD: odds ratio (OR)=0.84; 95% confidence interval, [0.80; 0.88]; p=2.2×10 −13 ; AD: OR=0.91[0.89; 0.93]; p=1.8×10 −22 ), and with a protective HLA association recently reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1 *04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1 *04:04 and HLA-DRB1 *04:07, intermediary with HLA-DRB1 *04:01 and HLA-DRB1 *04:03, and absent for HLA-DRB1 *04:05. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles (but not neuritic plaque density) in postmortem brains and was more strongly associated with Tau levels than Aβ42 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. Finally, protective HLA-DRB1 *04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone Tau PHF6 sequence, but only when acetylated at K311, a modification central to aggregation. An HLA-DRB1 *04-mediated adaptive immune response, potentially against Tau, decreases PD, AD and ALS risk, offering the possibility of new therapeutic avenues.
A Facile One-Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Acetaldehyde Acetals from Primary Alcohols (1992)

Abstract Initial formation of a vinyl ether 2 by treatment of a primary alcohol 1 with ethyl vinyl ether in the presence of mercury (11) acetate followed by treatment with the same or a different alcohol in the presence of p-toluenesulfonic acid affords the symmetrical and unsymmetrical acetaldehyde acetals 3 in good overall yield. The method is easily scaled up and represents a significant improvement over currently available procedures.
A Conical Intersection Influences the Ground State Rearrangement of Fulvene to Benzene (2022)

The rearrangement of fulvene to benzene is believed to play an important role in the formation of soot during hydrocarbon combustion. Previous work has identified two possible mechanisms for the rearrangement─a unimolecular path and a hydrogen-atom-assisted, bimolecular path. Computational results to date have suggested that the unimolecular mechanism faces a barrier of about 74 kcal/mol, which makes it unable to compete with the bimolecular mechanism under typical combustion conditions. This computed barrier is about 10 kcal/mol higher than the experimental value, which is an unusually large discrepancy for modern electronic structure theory. In the present work, we have reinvestigated the unimolecular mechanism computationally, and we have found a second transition state that is approximately 10 kcal/mol lower in energy than the previously identified one and, therefore, in excellent agreement with the experimental value. The existence of two transition states for the same rearrangement arises because there is a conical intersection between the two lowest singlet states which occurs in the vicinity of the reaction coordinates. The two possible paths around the cone on the lower adiabatic surface give rise to the two distinct saddle points. The lower barrier for the unimolecular mechanism now makes it competitive with the bimolecular one, according to our calculations. In support of this conclusion, we have reanalyzed some previous experimental results on anisole pyrolysis, which leads to benzene as a significant product and have shown that the unimolecular and bimolecular mechanisms for fulvene → benzene must be occurring competitively in that system. Finally, we have identified that similar conical intersections arise during the isomerizations of benzofulvene and isobenzofulvene to naphthalene.
Output Capacitance Loss Characterization of Silicon Carbide Schottky Diodes (2019)

In high-frequency (HF) and very-high-frequency (VHF) rectifiers, silicon carbide (SiC) Schottky diodes exhibit higher losses compared to what is reported in manufacturer-provided simulation models, with additional power loss stemming from energy dissipation during the charging and discharging of the junction output capacitance (CJ). Because these losses are not included in manufacturer simulation models and have not been well-studied for commercially available SiC Schottky diodes, we have experimentally measured them using the Sawyer-Tower circuit. From these measurements, we compare the losses across manufacturers, current rating, generation, voltage rating, and packaging. We then demonstrate the performance of these devices on a 20-MHz class-DE rectifier and compare their power dissipation from the simulation and experimental measurements. Finally, by incorporating these losses in device power dissipation calculations in various rectifier topologies, we propose suggestions on device selection to optimize converter efficiencies.
ChemInform Abstract: MK800‐62F1, a New Inhibitor of Apoptotic Cell Death, from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes MK800‐62F1. Part 2. Structure Elucidation. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Indirect Allorecognition of Donor Class I and II Major Histocompatibility Complex Peptides Promotes the Development of Transplant Vasculopathy (2001)

Recent clinical and experimental evidence suggests that indirect allorecognition may promote the development of chronic rejection, but definitive experimental studies are lacking. To study the contribution of indirect allorecognition to chronic rejection, naïve Lewis (RT1(1)) rats were immunized with synthetic Wistar Furth (WF) class II-RT1(u).D (HLA-DR-like) or -RT1(u).B (HLA-DQ-like) or class I-RT1(u).A (HLA-A-like) peptides emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant 7 d before transplantation (n = 5 to 7/group). Experimental and control animals then acted as recipients of fully mismatched WF vascularized cardiac allografts. Recipients received immunosuppression in the form of cyclosporine at a tapering dose that allows for long-term allograft survival. Animals were sacrificed at either 3 or 6 mo, with allograft arterial luminal occlusion scored on elastin stains by a blinded observer. At 3 mo, mean vessel scores were significantly higher in the RT1(u).A-immunized versus class II-immunized and control groups (P < 0.05). By 6 mo, there was progression of chronic allograft vasculopathy and a significantly higher mean vessel score in the RT1(u).A- and RT1(u).D-immunized versus RT1(u).B and control groups (P < 0.05). In vitro studies show evidence of shifting MHC allopeptide immunogenicity. It was concluded that T cells primed by specific donor class I and II MHC allopeptides promote the development of chronic vascularized allograft rejection. These novel observations provide definitive evidence of a link between indirect allorecognition and the development and progression of chronic rejection.
Supplementary Table 2 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Aggressive Gastric Cancer Phenotypes via Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Distances of patient samples in PCA analysis&lt;/p&gt;
Clavulanic Acid Degradation in Streptomyces clavuligerus Fed‐Batch Cultivations (2002)

Clavulanic acid (CA) is an important antibiotic that is produced by Streptomyces clavuligerus. CA is unstable and product degradation has turned out to have a major impact on product titers in fed-batch cultivations. Three different types of experiments have been used to elucidate CA degradation under fed-batch cultivation conditions. First, the influence of individual medium compounds was examined. Second, degradation was monitored during the exponential growth phase in batch cultivations. Third, CA degradation was studied in the supernatant of samples taken during a fed-batch. In addition, data from six fed-batch cultivations were studied to derive information about CA degradation during the production phase. These cultivations were based on a mineral medium, containing glycerol, glutamate, ammonium, and phosphate as the main nutrients. The ammonium concentration had a large influence on the degradation rate constant. In addition, either changes in the substrate availability or high concentrations of ammonium or glycerol cause a major increase in the degradation rate constant. Finally, a linear and a fuzzy logic model were made to predict CA degradation rates in these fed-batches.
Impact of growth pressure on defects in GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (2004)

Deep level optical spectroscopy and deep level transient spectroscopy have been employed to assess the effect of growth pressure on bandgap states of GaN grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Samples were grown at 760 and 76 torr and their defect spectra and electrical properties were compared. The sample grown at atmospheric pressure was unintentionally doped with a light n-type background. Samples grown at low-pressure incorporate excess carbon, which renders highly resistive GaN in the absence of co-doping, while the silicon co-doped sample proves to be n-type but heavily compensated. The acceptor-like deep level near E/sub c/ - 2.6 eV is greatly affected by the reduced pressure growth per se, exhibiting a shift in activation energy as well as a large increase in concentration. Donor trap states observed closer to the conduction band show little dependence on the growth pressure and occur with very low concentration. The physical origins of these levels are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—O Bond Formation. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Cross-Reactive Mouse Monoclonal Antibody against Rhinovirus Mediates Phagocytosis In Vitro (2020)

Human rhinoviruses (RVs) are the main cause of the common cold worldwide. To date, more than 160 serotypes of the virus have been recognized. These viruses are categorized into three major groups: A, B, and C. There are currently no approved vaccines available to prevent infection with RVs. We designed a mouse immunization strategy that aimed to elicit a humoral response against conserved regions of capsid proteins of RV-A viruses. To this end, recombinant DNA plasmids expressing the capsid proteins (VP1-4) and two proteases (2A and 3C) of RV1A, 16, 49, 68, and 71 were engineered. Mice were sequentially vaccinated with these DNA plasmids at three-week intervals. After a final boost with purified whole virus using the RV15 strain, mice spleens were extracted and cells expressing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by hybridoma fusion. A total of 98 mAbs with reactivity to different strains of RV-A were isolated. After isotyping, 22 mAbs expressing an IgG Fc-domain were selected for further expansion and purification. Three mAbs showed cross-reactivity against multiple strains of RV-A viruses by ELISA, including 1A, 1B, 15, 16, and 49. Additional mAbs had strain-specific binding patterns, with a surprising number of mAbs showing reactivity to RV15, the strain used for the final vaccination. Using a microneutralization assay, we found that the RV15-specific mAbs, but not the cross-reactive mAbs, were highly neutralizing. Additional testing in a flow cytometry-based antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP) assay revealed a high degree of ADCP activity for one of the cross-reactive mAbs. Epitope mapping of the neutralizing mAbs via escape mutant viruses revealed binding sites with a shared epitope on VP1 of RV15. The epitope of the ADCP-active, non-neutralizing mAb was determined by the microarray analysis of cyclic constrained peptides generated from the VP1 capsid protein. This study identified a cross-reactive mAb that mediates phagocytosis. These findings could be used toward the development of vaccines against RV. The full study results have since been published (https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-66600-x).
Amphiphilic Ferrocene-Containing PEG Block Copolymers as Micellar Nanocarriers and Smart Surfactants (2016)

An important and usually the only function of most surfactants in heterophase systems is stabilizing one phase in another, for example, droplets or particles in water. Surfactants with additional chemical or physical handles are promising in controlling the colloidal properties by external stimuli. The redox stimulus is an attractive feature; however, to date only a few ionic redox-responsive surfactants have been reported. Herein, the first nonionic and noncytotoxic ferrocene-containing block copolymers are prepared, carrying a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) chain and multiple ferrocenes in the hydrophobic segment. These amphiphiles were studied as redox-sensitive surfactants that destabilize particles as obtained in miniemulsion polymerization. Because of the nonionic nature of such PEG-based copolymers, they can stabilize nanoparticles even after the addition of ions, whereas particles stabilized with ionic surfactants would be destabilized by the addition of salt. The redox-active surfactants were prepared by the anionic ring-opening polymerization of ferrocenyl glycidyl ether, with PEG monomethyl ether as the macroinitiator. The resultant block copolymers with molecular weights (M<sub>n</sub>) between 3600 and 8600 g mol<sup>-1</sup> and narrow molecular weight distributions (M<sub>w</sub>/M<sub>n</sub> = 1.04-1.10) were investigated via <sup>1</sup>H nuclear magnetic resonance and diffusion ordered spectroscopy, size exclusion chromatography, and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the block copolymers were used as building blocks for redox-responsive micelles and as redox-responsive surfactants in radical polymerization in miniemulsion to stabilize model polystyrene nanoparticles. Oxidation of iron to the ferrocenium species converted the amphiphilic block copolymers into double hydrophilic macromolecules, which led to the destabilization of the nanoparticles. This destabilization of nanoparticle dispersions may be useful for the formation of coatings and the recovery of surfactants.