gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advances in material degsign for regenerative medicine, drug delivery and targeting/imaging : symposium held December 1-3, 2008, Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (2009)

There has been recent emergence of some of the most exciting avenues for innovation in clinical medicine, with materials as their core - sustained drug delivery systems, gene therapy, regenerative therapies, and technologies for imaging and tumor targeting. Nanotechnology promises to take materials innovation to yet another level, through ground-up design of probes and systems that precisely deliver information to cells and tissues on demand. Combined with microfabrication technologies, these breakthroughs have the potential to revolutionize the detection and treatment of diseases and rectification of damaged tissue. Examples include lab-on-a-chip, pharmacy-on-a-chip and synthetic liver substitutes. This book features a cross-section of topics at the multifaceted intersection of materials science and medicine. Topics include: materials in regenerative medicine; macromolecular drug/lipid interaction; (nano)materials in drug delivery; hydrogels and material-tissue interactions; and synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials for biomedical applications.
Scaling-Up and Production of Therapeutic Antibodies for Preclinical Studies (2008)

Monoclonal antibodies are increasingly used for treatment of various diseases, mostly cancer therapy and auto-immune diseases. New chimeric, humanized, or fully-human antibodies specific to novel or already validated targets are being developed in many academic labs as well as in commercial entities. A validation of antibodies in preclinical settings is an important component of the road from discovery to clinic. Preparing sufficient amount of high-quality antibodies for preclinical studies is a challenge in some cases. This article summarizes protocols used in research laboratories, and is based on our own experience in the establishment of stable clones of CHO cells to scaling-up of tissue cultures for production of antibodies in bioreactors.
Structures of four polymorphs of the pesticide dithianon solved from X-ray powder diffraction data (2012)

The crystal structures of four polymorphs of the pesticide dithianon (5,10-dihydro-5,10-dioxonaphtho[2,3-b]-1,4-dithiine-2,3-dicarbonitrile) have been solved from powder diffraction data and refined using the Rietveld method. Three polymorphs crystallize in non-centrosymmetric space groups. Two polymorphs have Z' > 1. The structures are assembled via interactions between carbonyl groups of quinoid fragments into layers which further interact only by weak interactions.
Cycloaddition of the anion derived from homophthalic anhydride to cis,cisoid,cis-tricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undeca-4,9-diene-3,11- dione. Aromatization as a driving force for intramolecular sigmatropic hydrogen transfer (1989)

Reaction of the anion derived from homophthalic anhydride with cis,cisoid,cis-tricyclo[6.3.0.02,6]undeca-4,9-diene-3,11- dione proceeds via initial Diels–Alder cycloaddition followed by intramolecular dyotropic hydrogen migration with concomitant aromatization; the structure of the reaction product (4)(formed in 42% yield) was established via single-crystal X-ray structural analysis.
Suppressed induction of mycobacterial antigen-specific Th1-type CD4+ T cells in the lung after pulmonary mycobacterial infection (2010)

Although the importance of T(h)1-type immune response in protection against mycobacterial infection is well recognized, its regulatory mechanism in the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)-infected lung is not well characterized. To address this issue, we analyzed kinetics of induction of mycobacterial antigen-specific CD4(+) T(h)1 T cells after mycobacterial infection in P25 TCR-transgenic (Tg) mice which express TCR alpha and beta chains from a mycobacterial Ag85B-specific MHC class II A(b)-restricted CD4(+) T-cell clone. To supply normal regulatory T-cell repertoire, we transferred normal spleen T cells into the P25 TCR-Tg mice before infection. High dose subcutaneous infection with Mtb or Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) induced P25 TCR-Tg CD4(+) T(h)1 cells within a week. In contrast, high-dose Mtb or BCG infection into the lung failed to induce P25 TCR-Tg CD4(+) T(h)1 cells at the early stage of the infection. Furthermore, low-dose Mtb infection into the lung induced P25 TCR-Tg CD4(+) T(h)1 cells on day 21 in the mediastinal lymph node but not in the lung. IL-10 was partially involved in the suppression of T(h)1 induction in the lung because pretreatment of mice with anti-IL-10 antibody resulted in increase of P25 TCR-Tg CD4(+) T(h)1 cells in the Mtb-infected lung on day 21 of the infection, whereas neutralization of transforming growth factor-beta, another important suppressive cytokine in the lung, showed no effects on the T(h)1 induction. Our data suggest that induction of anti-mycobacterial CD4(+) T(h)1 cells is suppressed in the mycobacteria-infected lung partially by IL-10.
WEIGHTED CHANNEL ALLOCATION AND POWER CONTROL FOR SELF-CONFIGURABLE INFRASTRUCTURE WLANS (2008)

IEEE802.11 WLANs show increasing growth in popularity. Since these networks operate in the unlicensed ISM bands where the number of non-overlapping channels is limited, the growing number of wireless nodes leads to interference. It is well known that the interference leads to degraded performance of WLANs, especially in densely populated areas where the number of overlapping nodes is very large. Channel assignment algorithms have been proposed in recent years, in order to minimize or avoid interference between neighboring access points and hence alleviating the problem. In particular, weighted assignment algorithms have been frequently occurring in the literature. However, the effects of these algorithms are currently not well understood. In this paper, we present results, which show that weighted channel assignment algorithms that do not consider traffic categories can lead to heavy interference among WLANs with delay sensitive traffic, e.g. voice traffic. In order to overcome this, we instead propose a weighted access category channel assignment algorithm (WACCA). We present results from experiments, which show that WACCA achieves a small degree of Interference (DOI) as compared with a greedy algorithm. We also show that there is a tradeoff with convergence time. Furthermore, we propose an integration of WACCA with dynamic transmission power control and show how this combined method produces even more gain.
Bacteria in Paper, a versatile platform to study bacterial ecology (2018)

Habitat spatial structure has a profound influence on bacterial life, yet there currently are no low-cost equipment-free laboratory techniques to reproduce the intricate structure of natural bacterial habitats. Here, we demonstrate the use of paper scaffolds to create landscapes spatially structured at the scales relevant to bacterial ecology. In paper scaffolds, planktonic bacteria migrate through liquid filled pores, while the paper’s cellulose fibers serve as anchor points for sessile colonies (biofilms). Using this novel approach we explore bacterial colonization dynamics in different landscape topographies, and characterize the community composition of Escherichia coli strains undergoing centimeter-scale range expansions in habitats structured at the micrometer scale. The bacteria-in-paper platform enables quantitative assessment of bacterial community dynamics in complex environments using everyday materials.
Harmonic analysis based modeling of tapping-mode AFM (1999)

In this paper we use harmonic balance and averaging techniques to analyze the tapping mode dynamics of the atomic force microscope (AFM). A model for the cantilever sample interaction is developed. Experimental results show that the analysis and the model predict the behavior of the tapping cantilever.
Corrosion-resistant coatings for high-temperature high-sulfur activity applications (1990)

The research described in this report is intended to assist in developing the technology for the production of molybdenum, molybdenum carbide and titanium nitride coatings. These coatings have the potential to serve as an alternative to present methods of protecting the metal parts, at positive potential, of high-temperature sulfur or sulfide batteries (e.g., chromizing). This research project was prompted by the observation that only very few materials are corrosion resistant in a high-temperature high-sulfur-activity environment containing polysulfide or FeS{sub 2}. Among these materials only molybdenum has really satisfactory corrosion resistance. In LiCl-KCl eutectic containing FeS{sub 2}, titanium nitride has also shown adequate corrosion resistance. In polysulfide melts chromium shows good corrosion resistance, and chromizing is presently used to protect the internal surface of the containers in the sodium-sulfur battery, as manufactured at Chloride Silent Power Ltd. It should be noted that the issue of an optimal coating for the sodium-sulfur battery container is somewhat clouded and may be resolved satisfactorily only when there is more information about the effect of very small amounts of dissolved metal, such as chromium or molybdenum, on the life of the sodium-beta-alumina electrolyte. Nevertheless, there is a clear incentive for exploring molybdenum, or molybdenum derivatives, and titanium nitride as alternative protecting materials. 8 refs., 11 figs.
Optimal scan trajectories for high-speed scanning probe microscopy (2012)

A novel method is presented which enables the systematic analysis and design of scan trajectories for highspeed scanning probe microscopy. The analysis is based on a family of universal metrics for spatial resolution which utilize Voronoi tessellations. The scan trajectories are designed in the framework of mathematical optimization in which the specifications on spatial resolution, speed and frequency content are captured in an objective function and a set of constraints. We demonstrate the method by designing scan trajectories that are based on Lissajous curves. Experimental results are obtained on a custom-built atomic force microscope. By employing the Lissajous scan trajectories, frame rates as high as 1 frame/s are achieved using a low-bandwidth commercial nanopositioner.
AoI-based Finite Horizon Scheduling for Heterogeneous Networked Control\n Systems (2020)

Age of information (AoI) measures information freshness at the receiver. AoI\nmay provide insights into quality of service in communication systems. For this\nreason, it has been used as a cross-layer metric for wireless communication\nprotocols. In this work, we employ AoI to calculate penalty functions for a\ncentralized resource scheduling problem. We consider a single wireless link\nshared by multiple, heterogeneous control systems where each sub-system has a\ntime-varying packet loss probability. Sub-systems are competing for network\nresources to improve the accuracy of their remote estimation process. In order\nto cope with the dynamically changing conditions of the wireless link, we\ndefine a finite horizon age-penalty minimization problem and propose a\nscheduler that takes optimal decisions by looking $H$ slots into the future.\nThe proposed algorithm has a worst-case complexity that grows exponentially\nwith $H$. However, by narrowing down our search space within the constrained\nset of actions, we are able to decrease the complexity significantly without\nlosing optimality. On the contrary, we show by simulations that the benefit of\nincreasing $H$ w.r.t. remote state estimation performance diminishes after a\ncertain $H$ value.\n
Observation of Magnetic Head Fields Using Distorted Transmission Electron Microscopy Images (1997)

We have observed magnetic fields generated from a thin film magnetic head using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. The image in which the shadow of the head appears together with the projected pattern of a reference film is acquired with the use of appropriate defocus. From the pattern distortion in the image, both strong and weak components of the head field can be detected. Furthermore, this method makes it possible to quantitatively analyze, with high spatial resolution, the magnetic field strength which depends on distance from the air bearing surface of the head.
The collection Virtual Machine (2020)

Getting the best performance from the ever-increasing number of hardware platforms has been a recurring challenge for data processing systems. In recent years, the advent of data science with its increasingly numerous and complex types of analytics has made this challenge even more difficult. In practice, system designers are overwhelmed by the number of combinations and typically implement a single analytics type on one platform, leading to repeated implementation effort---and a plethora of semi-compatible tools for data scientists.
Effect of IQ Mismatch Compensation in an Optical Coherent OFDM Receiver (2010)

The performance enhancement using the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure (GSOP) for compensating transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) in-phase/quadrature (IQ) mismatch in the coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division-multiplexing system is investigated. The analytic result containing frequency offset is presented to describe the different behavior of Tx and Rx IQ mismatch. Bit-error-rate curves measured at back-to-back and 1040-km transmission over single-mode fiber indicate that the GSOP is more efficient to compensate of Rx IQ mismatch than Tx IQ mismatch.
Ruthenium–cobalt dinuclear complexes as photocatalysts for CO2 reduction (2017)

A series of Ru–Co dinuclear complexes have been synthesized and assayed as photocatalysts for the reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO in organic solvents.
Human H3N2 Influenza Viruses Isolated from 1968 To 2012 Show Varying Preference for Receptor Substructures with No Apparent Consequences for Disease or Spread (2013)

It is generally accepted that human influenza viruses bind glycans containing sialic acid linked α2-6 to the next sugar, that avian influenza viruses bind glycans containing the α2-3 linkage, and that mutations that change the binding specificity might change the host tropism. We noted that human H3N2 viruses showed dramatic differences in their binding specificity, and so we embarked on a study of representative human H3N2 influenza viruses, isolated from 1968 to 2012, that had been isolated and minimally passaged only in mammalian cells, never in eggs. The 45 viruses were grown in MDCK cells, purified, fluorescently labeled and screened on the Consortium for Functional Glycomics Glycan Array. Viruses isolated in the same season have similar binding specificity profiles but the profiles show marked year-to-year variation. None of the 610 glycans on the array (166 sialylated glycans) bound to all viruses; the closest was Neu5Acα2-6(Galβ1-4GlcNAc)3 in either a linear or biantennary form, that bound 42 of the 45 viruses. The earliest human H3N2 viruses preferentially bound short, branched sialylated glycans while recent viruses bind better to long polylactosamine chains terminating in sialic acid. Viruses isolated in 1996, 2006, 2010 and 2012 bind glycans with α2-3 linked sialic acid; for 2006, 2010 and 2012 viruses this binding was inhibited by oseltamivir, indicating binding of α2-3 sialylated glycans by neuraminidase. More significantly, oseltamivir inhibited virus entry of 2010 and 2012 viruses into MDCK cells. All of these viruses were representative of epidemic strains that spread around the world, so all could infect and transmit between humans with high efficiency. We conclude that the year-to-year variation in receptor binding specificity is a consequence of amino acid sequence changes driven by antigenic drift, and that viruses with quite different binding specificity and avidity are equally fit to infect and transmit in the human population.
Evaluation of Candidate Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP) Protocols (2006)

This document is a record of the process and findings of the Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points Working Group (CAPWAP WG) evaluation team.The evaluation team reviewed the 4 candidate protocols as they were submitted to the working group on June 26, Loher, et al.
Peptide Sequence Tag (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
InP-based type-II heterostructure lasers for wavelengths up to 2.7 μm (2015)

Type-II light sources on InP substrate are an innovative concept for wavelengths ranging from 2 μm to the mid-IR. The concept is using the type-II band alignment between GaInAs and GaAsSb to exceed the limitation of type-I devices. Since the first demonstration of InP type-II heterostructure lasers above 2.3 μm in 2012, we have extended the emission wavelength to 2.7 μm. Furthermore, a drastic reduction in threshold current density down to 104 A/cm<sup>2</sup> per QW at infinite length was achieved (at 2.5 μm), which represents an improvement by more than a factor of two. Additionally CW operation up to 30°C and up to 80°C pulsed is presented. Furthermore, LEDs for 3.5μm peak emission wavelength and up to 86 μW output power are shown.
Application-Layer Protocol Negotiation (ALPN) Labels for Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN) Usages (2015)

to both TLS and Datagram Transport Layer Security (DTLS).
An adenosine A2A receptor agonist induces sleep by increasing GABA release in the tuberomammillary nucleus to inhibit histaminergic systems in rats (2005)

The adenosine A(2A) receptor (A(2A)R) has been demonstrated to play a crucial role in the regulation of the sleep process. However, the molecular mechanism of the A(2A)R-mediated sleep remains to be elucidated. Here we used electroencephalogram and electromyogram recordings coupled with in vivo microdialysis to investigate the effects of an A(2A)R agonist, CGS21680, on sleep and on the release of histamine and GABA in the brain. In freely moving rats, CGS21680 applied to the subarachnoid space underlying the rostral basal forebrain significantly promoted sleep and inhibited histamine release in the frontal cortex. The histamine release was negatively correlated with the amount of non-rapid eye movement sleep (r = - 0.652). In urethane-anesthetized rats, CGS21680 inhibited histamine release in both the frontal cortex and medial pre-optic area in a dose-dependent manner, and increased GABA release specifically in the histaminergic tuberomammillary nucleus but not in the frontal cortex. Moreover, the CGS21680-induced inhibition of histamine release was antagonized by perfusion of the tuberomammillary nucleus with a GABA(A) antagonist, picrotoxin. These results suggest that the A(2A)R agonist induced sleep by inhibiting the histaminergic system through increasing GABA release in the tuberomammillary nucleus.
Hyperspectral light sheet microscopy (2015)

To study the development and interactions of cells and tissues, multiple fluorescent markers need to be imaged efficiently in a single living organism. Instead of acquiring individual colours sequentially with filters, we created a platform based on line-scanning light sheet microscopy to record the entire spectrum for each pixel in a three-dimensional volume. We evaluated data sets with varying spectral sampling and determined the optimal channel width to be around 5 nm. With the help of these data sets, we show that our setup outperforms filter-based approaches with regard to image quality and discrimination of fluorophores. By spectral unmixing we resolved overlapping fluorophores with up to nanometre resolution and removed autofluorescence in zebrafish and fruit fly embryos.
Physically-based stochastic simplification of mathematical knots (1997)

The article describes a tool for simplification and analysis of tangled configurations of mathematical knots. The proposed method addresses optimization issues common in energy based approaches to knot classification. In this class of methods, an initially tangled elastic rope is "charged" with an electrostatic like field which causes it to self repel, prompting it to evolve into a mechanically stable configuration. This configuration is believed to be characteristic for its knot type. We propose a physically based model to implicitly guard against isotopy violation during such evolution and suggest that a robust stochastic optimization procedure, simulated annealing, be used for the purpose of identifying the globally optimal solution. Because neither of these techniques depends on the properties of the energy function being optimized, our method is of general applicability, even though we applied it to a specific potential here. The method has successfully analyzed several complex tangles and is applicable to simplifying a large class of knots and links. Our work also shows that energy based techniques will not necessarily terminate in a unique configuration, thus we empirically refute a prior conjecture that one of the commonly used energy functions (J. Simon, 1994) is unimodal. Based on these results we also compare techniques that rely on geometric energy optimization to conventional algebraic methods with regards to their classification power.
Selective Sensing of Individual Gases Using Graphene Devices (2013)

Graphene chemiresistors have enabled gas and vapor detection with high sensitivity. However, changes in graphene resistivity under the equilibrium gas exposure cannot be used to determine both the gas concentration and its type, making the sensing selectivity with resistive detection one of the key barriers to overcome. In this paper, we report on using low frequency noise to define the new characteristic parameters, which, in combination with the resistance changes, form unique gas signatures. The noise measurements can also be used in combination with evaluating “memory step” effect in graphene under gas exposure. The “memory step” is an abrupt change of the current near zero gate bias at elevated temperatures T > 500 K in graphene transistors. The “memory step” in graphene under gas exposure can be also used for high-temperature gas sensors, and is attractive for harsh-environment applications.
Effect of La[sub 2]Zr[sub 2]O[sub 7] on Interfacial Resistance in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2010)

The impact of (LZO) on interfacial resistance at the /yttria-stabilized zirconia interface was studied upon isothermal sintering at for 2–25 h. Quantification of triple phase boundary length was performed by applying focused ion beam/scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) serial-sectioning techniques and classical stereology. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to characterize the . The effect of LZO formation on microstructural models for was analyzed with respect to previous works that did not include this effect. LZO formation modifies the TPB length, rapidly increases , and needs to be controlled in analytical microstructural models.