gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultracompact multimode interference 3-dB coupler with strong lateral confinement by deep dry etching (2000)

Extremely short InP-InGaAsP MMI 3-dB couplers (L/spl sim/15-50 μm) with conventional structure have been successfully fabricated. The significant size reduction was achieved by deep dry etching and tapered access waveguide with large S-bend design. Optical transmission measurements on these devices have been performed. An optical bandwidth about 80 nm with a limit of 2-dB excess loss was obtained for most of the couplers. During the whole tunable wavelength range (/spl lambda//spl sim/1485-1580 nm), the imbalance is within /spl plusmn/0.5 dB. Fabrication tolerance and polarization independence are also investigated and the results demonstrated the applicability of these ultracompact devices in high-density photonic integrated circuit.
Multiplane imaging and wavefront sensing using distorted diffraction gratings (2000)

A binary, distorted diffraction grating is used to image simultaneously multiple planes within an object field onto a single camera. Application of the technique to adaptive optics wavefront sensing is described.
Renal replacement therapy in acute renal failure: solute removal mechanisms and dose quantification. (1998)

Based on numerous studies demonstrating a direct relationship between survival and delivered hemodialysis (HD) dose in end-stage renal disease (ESRD), quantification of delivered HD is now routinely performed in this setting. Recently, investigators have also begun applying kinetic modeling principles to quantify delivered dialysis dose in patients with acute renal failure (ARF). One purpose of this article is to review these ARF studies. However, a broader objective is to provide an overview of the solute removal capabilities of both intermittent and continuous therapies used in ARF. To achieve this goal, the dialytic removal mechanisms for solutes over a wide molecular weight spectrum are discussed.
Properties of Plasma‐Enhanced CVD Silicon Films: II . Films Doped During Deposition (1982)

Doped polycrystalline silicon films were deposited by plasma‐enhanced CVD from a mixture of dichlorosilane and phosphine in argon at 628°C and a pressure of approximately 2 Torr. The films were annealed at temperatures varying from 450° to 1050°C, and their properties were compared to those of conventional LPCVD polysilicon films deposited from silane at 0.2 Torr. The doped PECVD films are polycrystalline as deposited, with a less well‐developed structure than that of undoped LPCVD films. The phosphorus concentration in the PECVD films is approximately . The chlorine concentration of about seen after deposition decreases near the film surface after annealing at high temperatures. The films have a fine‐grain, polycrystalline structure after deposition; the grain size increases from about 10 nm to about 500 nm on annealing. A small amount of {111} preferred orientation is observed after deposition, but strong {100} texture develops after annealing above 750°C. The other properties of the films also improve when the films are annealed above 750°C. The optical properties become more like those of crystalline silicon, and the compressive stress decreases from its initial value of about 1010 dynes/cm2. The sheet resistance decreases from about 1500 to about 13 Ω/sq on annealing, although more phosphorus is needed in the PECVD films to obtain this sheet resistance than is needed in LPCVD films. The flatband voltage of MOS capacitors fabricated using PECVD silicon films for the gate electrodes decreases in magnitude on annealing above 750°C, approaching that of capacitors with LPCVD polysilicon. The fixed charge density also decreases on annealing. The properties of the PECVD films are suitable for use in MOS integrated circuits after annealing at temperatures above 750°C.
Wnt-inhibitory factor 1 dysregulation of the bone marrow niche exhausts hematopoietic stem cells (2011)

The role of Wnt signaling in hematopoietic stem cell fate decisions remains controversial. We elected to dysregulate Wnt signaling from the perspective of the stem cell niche by expressing the pan Wnt inhibitor, Wnt inhibitory factor 1 (Wif1), specifically in osteoblasts. Here we report that osteoblastic Wif1 overexpression disrupts stem cell quiescence, leading to a loss of self-renewal potential. Primitive stem and progenitor populations were more proliferative and elevated in bone marrow and spleen, manifesting an impaired ability to maintain a self-renewing stem cell pool. Exhaustion of the stem cell pool was apparent only in the context of systemic stress by chemotherapy or transplantation of wild-type stem cells into irradiated Wif1 hosts. Paradoxically this is mediated, at least in part, by an autocrine induction of canonical Wnt signaling in stem cells on sequestration of Wnts in the environment. Additional signaling pathways are dysregulated in this model, primarily activated Sonic Hedgehog signaling in stem cells as a result of Wif1-induced osteoblastic expression of Sonic Hedgehog. We find that dysregulation of the stem cell niche by overexpression of an individual component impacts other unanticipated regulatory pathways in a combinatorial manner, ultimately disrupting niche mediated stem cell fate decisions.
Sandwich Immunoassay for Bioactive Plasma Adrenomedullin (2017)

By using monoclonal antibodies with defined epitope specificities, we have developed a simple, rapid, accurate, and sensitive sandwich immunoassay for bio-ADM. The assay is a potentially novel tool to support patient management, particularly in acute care in the field of sepsis and other indications, which are currently being investigated, such as acute heart failure.
Lightweight source authentication and path validation (2014)

In-network source authentication and path validation are fundamental primitives to construct higher-level security mechanisms such as DDoS mitigation, path compliance, packet attribution, or protection against flow redirection. Unfortunately, currently proposed solutions either fall short of addressing important security concerns or require a substantial amount of router overhead. In this paper, we propose lightweight, scalable, and secure protocols for shared key setup, source authentication, and path validation. Our prototype implementation demonstrates the efficiency and scalability of the protocols, especially for software-based implementations.
Flow-Induced Vibrations of Subsea Jumpers due to Internal Multi-Phase Flow (2011)

Subsea jumpers are steel pipe sections that connect hardware components on the seafloor (e.g. trees, manifolds, and sleds) and typically operate in multi-phase flow. They are designed with bends to accommodate limited expansion due to variations in temperature and pressure. Under certain conditions significant fluctuating forces can be induced in flow-turning elements like bends and tees. These fluctuating forces may cause severe piping vibrations and weld fatigue damage. This paper presents a flow-induced vibration screening procedure based on the 3-D numerical simulation of unsteady internal multi-phase flow in subsea well jumpers, the prediction of associated flow-induced forces in flow-turning elements, and the prediction of structural response, including fatigue life estimates. We consider a 6 inch (nominal) diameter well jumper with six turning elements (i.e. six blind Tees), having 70 feet of suspended span, and perform simulations for two different flow conditions representative of early- and mid-life production. We find that the dominant frequencies of flow-induced vibration are those associated with modes 1 through 4 and that stresses are highest in mid-life flow conditions when the gas volumetric void fraction is 55%.
Iridium-Incorporated Strontium Tungsten Oxynitride Perovskite for Efficient Acidic Hydrogen Evolution (2022)

Heteroanionic materials exhibit great structural diversity with adjustable electronic, magnetic, and optical properties that provide immense opportunities for materials design. Within this material family, perovskite oxynitrides incorporate earth-abundant nitrogen with differing size, electronegativity, and charge into oxide, enabling a unique approach to tuning metal-anion covalency and energy of metal cation electronic states, thereby achieving functionality that may be inaccessible from their perovskite oxide counterparts, which have been widely studied as electrocatalysts. However, it is very challenging to directly obtain such materials due to the poor thermal stability of late transition metals coordinated with N and/or at high valence states. Herein, we introduce an effective strategy to prepare a perovskite oxynitride with a small fraction of sites substituted with Ir and adopt it as the first electrocatalyst in this material family, thereby enabling high activity and efficient utilization of precious metal content. From a series of characterization techniques, including X-ray absorption spectroscopy, atomic resolution electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, we prove the successful incorporation of Ir into a strontium tungsten oxynitride perovskite structure and discover the formation of a unique Ir-N/O coordination structure. Benefitting from this, the material exhibits a high activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction, which exhibits an ultralow overpotential of only 8 mV to reach 10 mA/cm<sup>2</sup><sub>geo</sub> in 0.5 M H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> and 4.5-fold enhanced mass activity compared to commercial Pt/C. This work opens a new avenue for oxynitride material synthesis as well as pursuit of a new class of high-performance electrocatalysts.
Roadside Grading Guidance - Phase II (2011)

Phase I of this project relied on assumptions surrounding crash data from the state of Ohio in 2000. The number of fatal and severe crashes in that year was significantly lower than average. As a result, the conclusions were indefinite. Phase II was carried out using crash data from the state of Ohio over seven years. The increased pool of data removed the need for many of the underlying assumptions used in Phase I and provided a solid foundation of conclusions and recommendations. The number of fatal and severe crashes that occurred on each slope and height for each functional class was calibrated with the Roadside Safety Analysis Program (RSAP), an encroachment-based probability tool, to modify default severity indices for each foreslope and embankment height. The results of the simulations using RSAP were then studied until equations were developed to relate the severity index to the foreslope rate, embankment height, and functional class. Using the impact frequencies determined by RSAP and the modeled severity indices from the equations developed from RSAP, the deterministic program, Benefit-Cost Analysis of Foreslopes Program (BCAFP), as developed in Phase I, was updated to match the results of the crash data taken between 2000 and 2006. This program allows its user to enter installation costs of various design alternatives, as well as roadway configuration parameters, to quickly and effectively conduct a benefit-cost analysis for use in selecting the most cost-effective roadside geometry. Using the BCAFP program, and based on an existing 1V:2H foreslope, sample guidelines for roadside grading were generated as a function of ADT, road functional class, desired B/C ratio, installation length, slope offset and height, and soil borrow costs.
Effects of the alkyl chain length in phosphonic acid self-assembled monolayer gate dielectrics on the performance and stability of low-voltage organic thin-film transistors (2009)

We have fabricated pentacene organic thin-film transistors (TFTs) using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) based on alkyl-phosphonic acids with five different alkyl chain lengths as the gate dielectric and investigated the relationship between the SAM chain length and the electrical performance and stability of the transistors. A SAM chain length of 14 carbon atoms provides a maximum TFT mobility of 0.7 cm2/V s, along with an on/off current ratio greater than 105. We have also investigated the bias stress effect in these TFTs and found that the change in drain current is substantially less severe than in pentacene TFTs with polymer gate dielectrics.
Human media lab, Queens University (2012)

research-article Share on Human media lab, Queens University Author: Roel Vertegaal View Profile Authors Info & Claims InteractionsVolume 19Issue 6November + December 2012 pp 84–87https://doi.org/10.1145/2377783.2377802Online:01 November 2012Publication History 1citation363DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations1Total Downloads363Last 12 Months128Last 6 weeks7 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Functional implications of a novel EA2 mutation in the P/Q‐type calcium channel (2004)

Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by paroxysmal attacks of ataxia, vertigo, and nausea, typically lasting minutes to days in duration. These symptoms can be prevented or significantly attenuated by the oral administration of acetazolamide; however, the mechanism by which acetazolamide ameliorates EA2 symptoms is unknown. EA2 typically results from nonsense mutations in the CACNA1A gene that encodes the alpha1A (Cav2.1) subunit of the P/Q-type calcium (Ca2+) channel. We have identified a novel H1736L missense mutation in the CACNA1A gene associated with the EA2 phenotype. This mutation is localized near the pore-forming region of the P/Q-type Ca2+ channel. Functional analysis of P/Q-type channels containing the mutation show that the H1736L alteration affects several channel properties, including reduced current density, increased rate of inactivation, and a shift in the voltage dependence of activation to more positive values. Although these findings are consistent with an overall loss of P/Q-type channel function, the mutation also caused some biophysical changes consistent with a gain of function. We also tested the direct effect of acetazolamide on both wild-type and H1736L mutated P/Q-type channels and did not observe any direct action on channel properties of this pharmacological agent used to treat EA2 patients.
Modulation ofπ-Electron Conjugation in Oligo(triacetylene) Chromophores by Incorporation of a Central Spacer (1999)

A comprehensive series of trimeric hybrid oligomers 4 – 14 (Fig. 2) was prepared by insertion of different hetero-spacers between two (E)-hex-3-ene-1,5-diyne (=(E)-1,2-diethynylethene, DEE) moieties, and the optical and electrochemical properties of the resulting π-conjugated materials compared to those of the DEE dimer 2 and trimer 3, which formally contains a DEE moiety as homo-spacer. The hetero-spacers varied from benzenoid (phenylene, naphthalene, biphenylene, anthracene), to π-electron-deficient (pyrazine, pyridine) and π-electron-rich (thiophene, furan) aromatic rings, and to an organometallic trans-Pt(PEt3)2 fragment. The hybrid oligomers were synthesized following a general strategy which relied on the Sonogashira cross-coupling between mono-deprotected DEE 15 and the appropriately bis-functionalized spacer (Scheme and Table 1). UV/VIS Studies revealed that the majority of the hetero-spacers were less effective than the homo-spacer DEE in facilitating π-electron delocalization along the linearly conjugated oligomeric backbone (Table 2 and Fig. 3). With increasing degree of benzenoid aromaticity in the hetero-spacer, the electronic communication between the terminal DEE moieties in the hybrid oligomers was reduced. As a remarkable exception, a large bathochromic shift of the longest-wavelength absorption maximum, which is indicative of enhanced π-electron delocalization, was obtained upon introducing an anthracene-9,10-diyl moiety as hetero-spacer into oligomer 7 (Figs. 3 and 6). Electrochemical investigations by cyclic and steady-state voltammetry confirmed the limited extent of π-electron delocalization in the majority of the hybrid oligomers (Table 3). The fluorescence properties of many of the DEE hybrid materials were dramatically enhanced upon incorporation of the hetero-spacers (Table 2). The heterocyclic derivatives 10 – 12, containing pyridine, pyrazine, or thiophene spacers, respectively, displayed a strong fluorescence emission, which is present to a significant extent neither in DEE homo-oligomers nor in the individual heteroaromatic spacer components, demonstrating the value of combining different repeat units to modulate oligomeric and polymeric properties. The pyridine derivative 10 provided an interesting example of a molecular system, in which both the electronic absorption (Fig. 4) and emission characteristics (Table 2) can be reversibly switched as a function of pH (Fig. 5).
Effects of Two Anesthetics on Survival of Juvenile Culter mongolicus during a Simulated Transport Experiment (2012)

Abstract Cultivation of the redtail culter Culter mongolicus has been increasing substantially over the last decade along the Yangtze River basin; such increases in production lead to increased juvenile transportation. However, redtail culter juveniles have high transport mortality rates due to a strong stress response that is exacerbated by the accumulation of toxic metabolic waste. Through a 24-h simulated transport experiment (sampling every 6 h), we assessed effects of tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222) at 10 mg/L of water, 20 mg/L, and 40 mg/L on redtail culter survival and water quality parameters, and similarly we assessed clove oil at 2 mg/L of water, 5 mg/L, and 10 mg/L. None of the anesthetics significantly improved water quality during the initial 6–12 h of the experiment. However, MS-222 treatments at the first 12–24 h of the experiment had significantly higher dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia, and pH than the control but failed to decrease un-ionized ammonia content. In contrast, the clove oil treatment significantly reduced the un-ionized ammonia but failed to improve DO and pH at 12–24 h. The improvements in water quality were reflected in cumulative mortality, MS-222 and clove oil anesthetic treatments having significantly lower cumulative mortality than the control at 12–24 h. The MS-222 and clove oil slowed water quality deterioration, ensured a better transport environment, and improved juvenile survival during transportation. We recommend 5 mg/L clove oil be used when transporting juvenile redtail culters because that concentration improves fish survival while keeping cost low.
Size reduction of electrolessly deposited copper features: Microcontact printing of catalysts on oriented polymers followed by thermal shrinkage (1996)

This paper describes a new method of reducing the size of the metal features made by electroless deposition, and a new method to fabricate complex shaped, patterned surfaces. Microcontact printing ({mu}CP) was used to pattern oriented glassy polymers with tetraoctadecylammonium bromide stabilized palladium colloids that serve as catalysts for the selective electroless deposition of copper. Annealing of the activated polymer at a temperature slightly above its glass transition temperature led to a shrinkage of the substrate. Immersion of the shrunken substrate in the plating bath yielded the metal features. The maximum shrinkage of the feature size achieved was in the order of a factor of {approximately}4 in one direction of the oriented polymer and of {approximately}7 in the perpendicular direction. Control of the extent and direction of shrinkage allowed the fabrication of metal features with sizes and shapes different from those on the PDMS stamp used for the patterning of the substrate and from the draw ratios. Free standing metal structures were produced by dissolving the substrate after the metal film had reached the desired thickness. Complex shaped, patterned surfaces could be fabricated by wrapping the activated polymer film around a scaffolding; during the annealing, the polymer adapted the shapemore » of the underlying scaffolding. Metallization of the activated, shaped substrate resulted in patterned three dimensional structures.« less
Monoclonal Antibody m18 Paratope Leading to Dual Receptor Antagonism of HIV-1 gp120 (2011)

We sought to identify sequences in the monoclonal antibody m18 complementarity determining regions (CDRs) that are responsible for its interaction with HIV-1 gp120 and inhibition of the envelope receptor binding sites. In the accompanying paper (DOI 10.1021/bi101160r), we reported that m18 inhibits CD4 binding through a nonactivating mechanism that, at the same time, induces conformational effects leading to inhibition of the coreceptor site. Here, we sought to define the structural elements in m18 responsible for these actions. Direct binding and competition analyses using surface plasmon resonance showed that YU-2 gp120 binding is stabilized by a broad paratope of residues in the m18 CDRs. Additionally, several m18 residues were identified for which mutants retained high affinity for gp120 but had suppressed CD4 and 17b inhibition activities. A subset of these mutants did, however, neutralize HXBc2 viral infection. The results obtained in this work demonstrate that the combined m18 paratope contains subsets of residues that are differentially important for the binding and inhibition functions of the m18 neutralizing antibody. The data also add to prior observations that high-affinity antibodies that do not inhibit monomeric gp120 receptor site interactions may still exhibit significant antiviral activity.
A 1200-V 600-A Silicon-Carbide Half-Bridge Power Module for Drop-In Replacement of an IGBT IPM (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A 1200-V, 600-A silicon carbide (SiC) JFET half-bridge module has been developed for drop-in replacement of a 600-V, 600-A IGBT intelligent power module (IPM). Advances in the development of SiC field effect transistors have resulted in reliable high yield devices that can be paralleled and packaged to produce high-voltage and high-current power modules not only competitive with existing IGBT technology but the modules have expanded capabilities. A SiC vertical junction field effect transistor VJFET has been produced with the properties of lower conduction loss, zero tail current, higher thermal conductivity, and higher power density when compared to a similarly rated silicon IGBT or any practical SiC MOSFETs previously reported.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Three prototype SiC JFET half-bridge modules with gate drivers have been successfully integrated into a three-phase 30-kW (continuous), 100-kW (intermittent) AC synchronous motor drive designed to control a traction motor in an electric vehicle. The commercially available motor drive, originally designed for silicon IGBT IPMs, was evaluated in conjunction with a permanent-magnet brushless DC motor on a dynamometer. Normal operation of the motor drive using field-oriented control and pulse-width modulation at 12.5 kHz was observed. Characterization of the SiC power module in the forward bias safe operating area demonstrated up to a 50% reduction in forward conduction losses as compared to the silicon IGBT IPM it replaces. The lack of a body diode in the SiC vertical-channel JFET is one major advantage of this switch topology allowing SiC Schottky barrier diodes to be used as the anti-parallel rectifier without undesirable conduction through a MOSFET body diode. Modules have been constructed using both depletion mode and enhancement mode 1200-V VJFET switches with industry leading low specific on resistance (≺4 mΩ-cm₂) produced by SemiSouth Laboratories.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;