gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photobiomodulation plus Adipose-derived Stem Cells Improve Healing of Ischemic Infected Wounds in Type 2 Diabetic Rats (2020)

In this study, we sought to investigate the impact of photobiomodulation and adipose-derived stem cells (ADS), alone and in combination, on the maturation step of wound healing in an ischemic infected delayed healing wound model in rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). We randomly divided 24 adult male rats into 4 groups (n = 6 per group). DM2 plus an ischemic delayed healing wound were induced in all rats. The wounds were infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Group 1 was the control (placebo) group. Group 2 received only photobiomodulation (890 nm, 80 Hz, 0.324 J/cm<sup>2</sup>, and 0.001 W/cm<sup>2</sup>). Group 3 received only the allograft ADS. Group 4 received allograft ADS followed by photobiomodulation. On days 0, 4, 8, 12, and 16, we performed microbiological examination (colony forming units, [CFU]), wound area measurement, wound closure rate, wound strength, and histological and stereological examinations. The results indicated that at day 16, there was significantly decreased CFU (Analysis of variance, p = 0.001) in the photobiomodulation + ADS (0.0 ± 0.0), ADS (1350 ± 212), and photobiomodulation (0.0 ± 0.0) groups compared with the control group (27250 ± 1284). There was significantly decreased wound area (Analysis of variance, p = 0.000) in the photobiomodulation + ADS (7.4 ± 1.4 mm<sup>2</sup>), ADS (11 ± 2.2 mm<sup>2</sup>), and photobiomodulation (11.4 ± 1.4 mm<sup>2</sup>) groups compared with the control group (25.2 ± 1.7). There was a significantly increased tensiometeric property (stress maximal load, Analysis of variance, p = 0.000) in the photobiomodulation + ADS (0.99 ± 0.06 N/cm<sup>2</sup>), ADS (0.51 ± 0.12 N/cm<sup>2</sup>), and photobiomodulation (0.35 ± 0.15 N/cm<sup>2</sup>) groups compared with the control group (0.18 ± 0.04). There was a significantly modulated inflammatory response in (Analysis of variance, p = 0.049) in the photobiomodulation + ADS (337 ± 96), ADS (1175 ± 640), and photobiomodulation (69 ± 54) treatments compared to control group (7321 ± 4099). Photobiomodulation + ADS gave significantly better improvements in CFU, wound area, and wound strength compared to photobiomodulation or ADS alone. Photobiomodulation, ADS, and their combination significantly hastened healing in ischemic methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infected delayed healing wounds in rats with DM2. Combined application of photobiomodulation plus ADS demonstrated an additive effect.
Complex hazard cascade culminating in the Anak Krakatau sector collapse (2019)

Flank instability and sector collapses, which pose major threats, are common on volcanic islands. On 22 Dec 2018, a sector collapse event occurred at Anak Krakatau volcano in the Sunda Strait, triggering a deadly tsunami. Here we use multiparametric ground-based and space-borne data to show that prior to its collapse, the volcano exhibited an elevated state of activity, including precursory thermal anomalies, an increase in the island's surface area, and a gradual seaward motion of its southwestern flank on a dipping décollement. Two minutes after a small earthquake, seismic signals characterize the collapse of the volcano's flank at 13:55 UTC. This sector collapse decapitated the cone-shaped edifice and triggered a tsunami that caused 430 fatalities. We discuss the nature of the precursor processes underpinning the collapse that culminated in a complex hazard cascade with important implications for the early detection of potential flank instability at other volcanoes.
A change impact analysis to characterize evolving program behaviors (2012)

Change impact analysis techniques estimate the potential effects of changes made to software. Directed Incremental Symbolic Execution (DiSE) is an intraprocedural technique for characterizing the impact of software changes on program behaviors. DiSE first estimates the impact of the changes on the source code using program slicing techniques, and then uses the impact sets to guide symbolic execution to generate path conditions that characterize impacted program behaviors. DiSE, however, cannot reason about the flow of impact between methods and will fail to generate path conditions for certain impacted program behaviors. In this work, we present iDiSE, an extension to DiSE that performs an interprocedural analysis. iDiSE combines static and dynamic calling context information to efficiently generate impacted program behaviors across calling contexts. Information about impacted program behaviors is useful for testing, verification, and debugging of evolving programs. We present a case-study of our implementation of the iDiSE algorithm to demonstrate its efficiency at computing impacted program behaviors. Traditional notions of coverage are insufficient for characterizing the testing efforts used to validate evolving program behaviors because they do not take into account the impact of changes to the code. In this work we present novel definitions of impacted coverage metrics that are useful for evaluating the testing effort required to test evolving programs. We then describe how the notions of impacted coverage can be used to configure techniques such as DiSE and iDiSE in order to support regression testing related tasks. We also discuss how DiSE and iDiSE can be configured for debugging; finding the root cause of errors introduced by changes made to the code. In our empirical evaluation we demonstrate that the configurations of DiSE and iDiSE can be used to support various software maintenance tasks.
Advanced timing analysis based on post-OPC patterning process simulations (2005)

For current and upcoming technology nodes (90, 65, 45 nm and beyond) one of the fundamental enablers of Moore's Law is the use of Resolution Enhancement Techniques (RET) in optical lithography. While RETs allow for continuing reduction in integrated circuits’ critical dimensions (CD), layout distortions are introduced as an undesired consequence due to proximity effects. Complex and costly Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) is then deployed to compensate for CD variations and loss of pattern fidelity, in an effort to improve yield. This, together with other sources for CD variations, causes the actual on-silicon chip performance to be quite different from sign-off expectations. In current design optimization methodologies, process variation modeling, aimed at providing guardbands for performance analysis, is based on "worst-case scenarios" (corner cases) and yields overly pessimistic simulation results which makes meeting design targets unnecessarily difficult. Assumptions of CD distributions in Monte Carlo simulations, and statistical timing analysis in general, can be made more rigorous by considering realistic systematic and random contributions to the overall process variation. A novel methodology is presented in this paper for extracting residual OPC errors from a placed and routed full chip layout and for deriving actual (i.e., calibrated to silicon) CD values, to be used in timing analysis and speed path characterization. The implementation of this automated flow is achieved through a combination of tagging critical gates, post-OPC layout back-annotation, and selective extraction from the global circuit netlist. This approach improves upon traditional design flow practices where ideal (i.e., drawn) CD values are employed, which leads to poor performance predictability of the as-fabricated design. With this more accurate timing analysis, we are able to highlight the necessity of a post-OPC verification embedded design flow by showing substantial differences in the silicon-based timing simulations, both in terms of a significant reordering of speed path criticality and a 36.4% increase in worst-case slack. Extensions of this methodology to multi-layer extraction and timing characterization are also proposed. The paper concludes by showing how the methodology implemented in this flow also provides a general design for manufacturability (DFM) tool template. In particular, by passing design intent to process/OPC engineers, selective OPC can be applied to improve CD variation control based on gates' functions such as critical gates and matching transistors. Furthermore, back-annotated process-based data can be used during early stages of circuit design verification and optimization, driving tradeoffs when significant variability is unavoidable.
New Technologies for Silicon Accelerometers Enable Automotive Applications (1992)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This paper describes how new enabling technologies in silicon-based sensors, including silicon fusion bonding, SenStable® piezoresistor processing, and computer-aided design and manufacturing, have made it possible to develop a complete family of acceleration sensors, uniquely suited to the automotive marketplace. The targeted applications for these devices are suspension and crash-sensing. Design considerations for these accelerometers are discussed including design trade-offs and unique operating principles. The 50G self-test accelerometer described here for the first time uses new micro-actuation principles to simulate a crash at the chip level. From a production view-point, it is equally significant that both 2G and 50G self-test chips are manufactured with exactly the same wafer processing and assembly techniques on the same manufacturing equipment. The performance of these components has been shown to be superior to other silicon accelerometer technologies in the rigorous environment.&lt;/div&gt;
On system capacity and coverage improvements by linear multiuser detection for UMTS (2004)

The main objective of this paper is to investigate linear multiuser detection in an UMTS network in terms of system capacity and system coverage. This includes the impact of linear multiuser detection on radio resource management concepts as load control and power control. One issue the paper deals with is joint optimization of linear multiuser detection with power control. In order to keep practical UMTS issues in mind, we describe an iterative two-stage power control multiuser detection algorithm for UMTS application. With this algorithm detailed system level simulation will be carried out to show coverage and system capacity gains. As an example, we work out the maximum allowable cell radius for a given cell load and outage probability. The main result indicates for UMTS that optimum minimum mean squared error (MMSE) multiuser detection yields moderate gains compared to single-user-matched filtering. The linear decorrelator is even inferior to the single-user-matched filter.
Nonlinear airpath control of modern diesel powertrains: a fuzzy systems approach (2010)

In this article, an adaptive dynamic feedback linearisation (DFL) control design for the air-path system of diesel engines with uncertain parameters and external driver commands is proposed. First, the linearising control law is derived for the nominal diesel plant. It achieves tracking of suitable references (corresponding to low emissions and fuel consumption) for both the air–fuel ratio and the fraction of the recirculated exhaust gas. The engine model used for control design is formulated as a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model, and a fuzzy estimation algorithm is used to identify the plant parameters. Then, the identified parameters are used to adapt the controller online. The simulated diesel engine is a medium duty Caterpillar 3126B with six cylinders, equipped with a variable geometry turbocharger and an exhaust gas recirculation valve. The proposed controller design is based on the reduced third-order mean value model and implemented as a closed-form DFL control law on the full-order model. The resulting controllers, with and without adaptation, are assessed through simulations with a software-in-the-loop architecture using dSpace simulator. The adaptive controller, in particular, exhibits good control performance, ensuring global stability and tracking of output references with zero steady state offset.
A Novel Design of CRC-Concatenated Polar Codes (2019)

Typical construction of CRC concatenated polar codes append the CRC bits at the end of information bits and then feeds the resulting vector as input to the polar encoder. This construction comes with a caveat that CRC check cannot be performed till all information bits are decoded by the polar decoder. Hence it becomes impossible to do an early termination (ET) of successive cancellation decoder in the case of decoding failure, thereby causing latency and unnecessary power consumption associated with the decoding of bits that follow the first error bit. While interleaving of CRC codeword prior to polar encoding can make ET possible, but it can potentially jeopardize the undetected error rate (UER) of the code. In this paper, a novel construction of interleaved-CRC assisted polar codes is proposed aimed at high ET gain while controlling the rise in UER. Exemplary simulation results are provided.
Comparative image quality assessment using free energy minimization (2013)

It is a straightforward task for human observers to judge the relative quality of two visual signals of the same content, but subject to different type/level of distortions. However, this comparative image quality assessment (C-IQA) problem remains a difficult challenge for the current research of image quality assessment (IQA). In this paper, we propose a C-IQA approach to predict the relative perceptual quality of a pair of images that are possibly subject to different artifact types/levels. The C-IQA algorithm is designed to emulate the process of comparing the relative quality of two visual stimuli as performed by the human visual system (HVS) within the framework of free energy minimization. The brain's internal generative models initialized on the inputs are used to explain the two images. And their relative quality can then be determined through comparing the free energy level of this model-data fitting process. In the existing work of IQA, the full-reference (FR) and reduced-reference (RR) methods need the prior knowledge of the original images while the no-reference (NR) algorithms usually work with a single input image. The C-IQA approach is inherently different from those existing methods in that it takes as input an image pair and predicts their relative quality without using any knowledge about the original image. A computationally efficient solution to the proposed C-IQA scheme based on a linear autoregressive image model is also introduced. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves about 98% accuracy in line with the subjective ratings when applied on over 300,000 image pairs sampled from the LIVE database, outperforming the FR metrics such as PSNR, SSIM, and some of the most advanced NR IQA algorithms.
Photorefractive properties of undoped, cerium-doped, and iron-doped single-crystal Sr/sub 0. 6/Ba/sub 0. 4/Nb/sub 2/O/sub 6/ (1986)

A 24-year-old man admitted to our hospital because of hemoptysis and left precordial pain. Chest X-ray and chest CT scan showed a mass in the left anterosuperior mediastinum. Laboratory examination revealed elevated levels of AFP (550 ng/ml), which were highly indicative of malignant germ cell tumor. Imaging examination indicated that the mass was resectable, so surgery was performed prior to chemotherapy. Histological examination revealed an admixture of seminoma, immature teratoma, embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor. Because the resection performed was incomplete, the patient received three courses of combination chemotherapy consisting of CDDP, VP-16 and BLM and 40 Gy irradiation. The serum level of AFP was normal after one course of combination chemotherapy. The patient has shown no sign of recurrence for 3 years since surgery.
Passive acoustic mapping and B-mode ultrasound imaging utilizing compressed sensing for real-time monitoring of cavitation-enhanced drug delivery (2018)

Ultrasound imaging presents a high-speed, low-cost approach for monitoring of focused ultrasound (FUS) therapy, and includes both conventional (B-mode) sonography and passive acoustic mapping (PAM) of acoustic emissions (Gyöngy et al., 2010, Salgaonkar et al., 2009). Incorporation of novel algorithms and other signal processing techniques have improved the resolution and processing speed of PAM. However, while hardware developments such as increasing channel counts provide unprecedented data capture ability, real-time processing of the growing data stream presents an evolving challenge. Previous work has employed sparse array processing techniques for PAM including matching and basis pursuit (Gyöngy &amp; Coviello, 2011) and co-array processing (Coviello et al, 2012). Here we propose to extend PAM utilizing compressed sensing (CS). Acoustic emissions from FUS may be sparse in several domains, e.g. due to limited regions of space and time in which cavitation is likely from a focused transducer, and correlation between sensors. By exploiting this sparsity, CS allows recovery of signals sampled well below the Nyquist limit. CS-PAM thus facilitates PAM with improved spatial resolution compared to conventional methods, from fewer measurements, allowing improved image quality and reduced computational load. The technique was demonstrated for monitoring of FUS-mediated drug delivery in a murine tumor model.
A nano-patterned photonic crystal laser with a dye-doped liquid crystal (2013)

Covering a nano-patterned titanium dioxide photonic crystal (PC) within a well-oriented film of dye-doped liquid crystal (LC), a distributed feedback laser is constructed whereby the emission characteristics can be manipulated in-situ using an electric field. This hybrid organic-inorganic structure permits simultaneous selectivity of both the beam pattern and laser wavelength by electrical addressing of the LC director. In addition, laser emission is obtained both in the plane and normal to the PC. Along with experimental data, a theoretical model is presented that is based upon an approximate calculation of the band structure of this birefringent, tuneable laser device.
Pegylated liposomal doxorubicin and vinorelbine in recurrent ovarian carcinoma: a pharmacokinetic study on alternate administration sequences. (2006)

The higher VNR AUCtot and plasma levels during the elimination phase with the PLD-VNR sequence may be related to a P-gp membrane glycoprotein inhibition by PLD vescicles which, in turn, may influence the plasma level of the associated VNR. PLD-VNR, producing a higher plasma level and very mild toxicity, may be considered the preferred sequence.
Infrared Transparent Mullite Through Densification Of Monolithic Gels At 1250°C (1986)

Infrared transparent mullite (3A12O3&bull;2Si02) was formed at 1250°C through densification of monolithic gels. The gels were prepared through colloidal mixing of boehmite (A100H, aluminum monohydroxide) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). After four hours at 1250°, monolithic gels densified to 98% of the theoretical density (TD). Densification was promoted by viscous phase deformation of silica (Si02) during sintering. The extent of densification was found to be dependent upon the extent of agglomeration of boehmite powder in suspension. Transparency in the infrared region was obtained as a result of mullite formation in the sintered product. The microstuctural evolution during densification and the concomitant spectral transmittances were characterized.
Continuous coagulation of milk using immobilized enzymes in a fluidized‐bed reactor (1975)

Abstract Milk‐clotting enzymes such as pepsin, chymosin, chymotrypsin, and M. miehei proteases were immobilized on porous, alkylamine glass and incorporated into a fluidized‐bed continuous coagulation scheme. Only pepsin and calf rennet retained sufficient activity towards skim milk to warrant further studies. Comparison of kinetic data with fixed‐bed reactors revealed the overall superior performance of fluidized beds; higher clotting activities were possible while avoiding plugging problems and high pressure drops common to fixed‐bed reactors. Film diffusion and catalyst back‐mixing appear to be significant factors in the overall kinetics. All enzymes lost activity on exposure to skim milk. The inactivation rates were lower at high substrate pH and insignificantly affected by reactor temperature. Nitrogen and sialic acid accumulation on the porous glass paralleled the loss in activity in the initial stages. Attempts to regenerate the immobilized enzymes were partially successful.
Wavelength-Resolved UV Photoelectric Charging Dynamics of Nanoparticles: Comparison of Spheres and Aggregates (2013)

The objective of this work is to understand the charging dynamics of metal nanoparticles under wavelength-selected UV irradiation, with a particular focus on the effect of particle structure on the quantum yield. We employed an ion mobility analysis technique to measure the size-resolved single charging efficiency of structure-controlled silver nanoparticles (spheres vs. aggregates) in the mobility diameter (D m) range of 10 ∼ 100 nm. We found that the measured particle charging efficiency follows D 2 m dependence for both spherical and aggregate particles. Based on the measured charging efficiency and calculated particle photon absorption cross section, we are also able to determine the mobility size dependence of photoelectric quantum yield for both spheres and aggregates. The quantum yield of spheres is a constant for larger particles (50 nm or larger) but significantly enhanced as particle size decreases. The quantum yield of aggregates is shown to be particle structure dependent and does not behave as a simple summation of individual primary particles. The aggregate particles have higher quantum yield compared with spheres of the same mobility size but is offset by the lower photon absorption cross section, and thus overall charging efficiency of aggregates is lower than spheres of the same mobility size. © 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Conducted-Noise Characteristics of a Digitally-Controlled Randomly-Switched DC-DC Converter with an FPGA-Based Implementation (2010)

This paper investigates the conducted-noise characteristics of a digitally-controlled randomly-switched dc-dc converter. In order to investigate the effect of the suggested digital controller on the conducted-noise characteristics of a dc-dc converter, three factors have been studied: the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) clock speed, the randomization ratio percentage, and the effect of using a closed loop feedback controller. A field-programmable gate array is much more flexible than analog control circuits, has a lower cost, and can be used for power supply applications. A novel FPGA-based implementation has been suggested for obtaining the experimental validations and realizing the studied concepts. Furthermore, the experimental results have been discussed and design guidelines have been included.