gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a Novel Poly(iptycene) Ladder Polymer (2006)

A self-polymerizable AB-type monomer for Diels−Alder (D−A) polymerization was prepared, and its polymerization was carried out in the melt phase and at high pressure in solution. The former method generated only low-molecular-weight polymer, but the latter one offered an efficient polymerization with increased molecular weight, due to the effect of high pressure on reactions with a negative activation volume. A pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate-catalyzed dehydration reaction of the D−A polymer led to a novel aromatic ladder polymer, poly(iptycene), which is soluble in common organic solvents and stable up to 350 °C. The NMR and UV−vis spectra of these polymers match the spectra of their corresponding model compounds, the synthesis of which is also reported.
Identification of iron(III) peroxo species in the active site of the\n superoxide reductase SOR from Desulfoarculus baarsii (2015)

The active site of superoxide reductase SOR consists of an Fe2+ center in an\nunusual [His4 Cys1] square-pyramidal geometry. It specifically reduces\nsuperoxide to produce H2O2. Here, we have reacted the SOR from Desulfoarculus\nbaarsii directly with H2O2. We have found that its active site can transiently\nstabilize an Fe3+-peroxo species that we have spectroscopically characterized\nby resonance Raman. The mutation of the strictly conserved Glu47 into alanine\nresults in a stabilization of this Fe3+-peroxo species, when compared to the\nwild-type form. These data support the hypothesis that the reaction of SOR\nproceeds through such a Fe3+-peroxo intermediate. This also suggests that Glu47\nmight serve to help H2O2 release during the reaction with superoxide.\n
Posttraumatic Pseudo???Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea (2001)

This case and its diagnosis and management provide an additional mechanism of PCSFR, a clinical entity that must be considered in the evaluation of all patients with previous skull base trauma.
Responses of Plasma Renin Activity, Aldosterone, Adrenocorticotropin, and Cortisol to Dermorphin, a New Synthetic Potent Opiate-Like Peptide, in Man (1983)

This study was designed to investigate the effect of dermorphin (D), a new synthetic potent opiate-like peptide (H-Tyr-D-Ala-Phe-Gly-Tyr-Pro-Ser-NH2), on PRA, plasma aldosterone (PA), plasma cortisol (PC), and plasma ACTH levels in normal men. D infusion (5.5 micrograms/kg X min for 30 min) significantly increased PRA (P less than 0.01) and decreased PC levels (P less than 0.02). D produced a small decrease in ACTH and a small increase in PA. Pretreatment with the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (N) blunted the D-induced PRA increase and completely prevented the D-induced PC decrease, but enhanced PC and ACTH levels. These data indicate that the action of D is mediated through opioid receptors, and are consistent with the conclusion that 1) D, a new opioid peptide, increases PRA levels, perhaps via activation of the sympathetic nervous system, providing evidence that opioid peptides may exert an influence on renin secretion; and 2) D suppresses PC levels, perhaps by affecting ACTH secretion, corroborating previous observations that opioid peptides might affect the function of the pituitary-adrenocortical axis.
Indium-111 labeling of low density lipoproteins (LDL) with the DTPA-bis(stearylamide) for tumor localization: first imaging and biodistribution in B16 tumored mice (1996)

In order to use the LDL receptor pathway to target radionuclides to cancer sites for imaging and diagnostic purposes, LDL have been labeled with 111In using the bis(stearylamide) of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), L. After in vitro experiments showing the stability of the 111Un-L-LDL particles and their recognition by the LDL-receptor, experiments were carried out in vivo. In first experiments in healthy mice, scintigraphies made 24 hours after intra-veinous injection of 111In-citrate or 111In-L-LDL showed a difference in Un biodistribution suggesting that 111In-L-LDL follow the LDL metabolism in vivo. In experiments on mice carrying Melanoma B16 since 22 days, the visualization of the tumors 24 hr after 111In-L-LDL injection was obtained for 400 μg injected proteins and a In-L/LDL ratio varying from 3/10 to 3/100. These first in vivo experiments have pointed out the importance of two parameters for visualizing the tumors, the injected protein dose and the In-L/LDL ratio.
A SARS-CoV-2 variant elicits an antibody response with a shifted immunodominance hierarchy (2022)

Many SARS-CoV-2 variants have mutations at key sites targeted by antibodies. However, it is unknown if antibodies elicited by infection with these variants target the same or different regions of the viral spike as antibodies elicited by earlier viral isolates. Here we compare the specificities of polyclonal antibodies produced by humans infected with early 2020 isolates versus the B.1.351 variant of concern (also known as Beta or 20H/501Y.V2), which contains mutations in multiple key spike epitopes. The serum neutralizing activity of antibodies elicited by infection with both early 2020 viruses and B.1.351 is heavily focused on the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD). However, within the RBD, B.1.351-elicited antibodies are more focused on the "class 3" epitope spanning sites 443 to 452, and neutralization by these antibodies is notably less affected by mutations at residue 484. Our results show that SARS-CoV-2 variants can elicit polyclonal antibodies with different immunodominance hierarchies.
“UniCAR”-modified off-the-shelf NK-92 cells for targeting of GD2-expressing tumour cells (2020)

Antigen-specific redirection of immune effector cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) demonstrated high therapeutic potential for targeting cancers of different origins. Beside CAR-T cells, natural killer (NK) cells represent promising alternative effectors that can be combined with CAR technology. Unlike T cells, primary NK cells and the NK cell line NK-92 can be applied as allogeneic off-the-shelf products with a reduced risk of toxicities. We previously established a modular universal CAR (UniCAR) platform which consists of UniCAR-expressing immune cells that cannot recognize target antigens directly but are redirected by a tumour-specific target module (TM). The TM contains an antigen-binding moiety fused to a peptide epitope which is recognized by the UniCAR molecule, thereby allowing an on/off switch of CAR activity, and facilitating flexible targeting of various tumour antigens depending on the presence and specificity of the TM. Here, we provide proof of concept that it is feasible to generate a universal off-the-shelf cellular therapeutic based on UniCAR NK-92 cells targeted to tumours expressing the disialoganglioside GD2 by GD2-specific TMs that are either based on an antibody-derived single-chain fragment variable (scFv) or an IgG4 backbone. Redirected UniCAR NK-92 cells induced specific killing of GD2-expressing cells in vitro and in vivo, associated with enhanced production of interferon-γ. Analysis of radiolabelled proteins demonstrated that the IgG4-based format increased the in vivo half-life of the TM markedly in comparison to the scFv-based molecule. In summary, UniCAR NK-92 cells represent a universal off-the-shelf platform that is highly effective and flexible, allowing the use of different TM formats for specific tumour targeting.
Are Antisense Proteins in Prokaryotes Functional? (2020)

Many prokaryotic RNAs are transcribed from loci outside of annotated protein coding genes. Across bacterial species hundreds of short open reading frames antisense to annotated genes show evidence of both transcription and translation, for instance in ribosome profiling data. Determining the functional fraction of these protein products awaits further research, including insights from studies of molecular interactions and detailed evolutionary analysis. There are multiple lines of evidence, however, that many of these newly discovered proteins are of use to the organism. Condition-specific phenotypes have been characterized for a few. These proteins should be added to genome annotations, and the methods for predicting them standardized. Evolutionary analysis of these typically young sequences also may provide important insights into gene evolution. This research should be prioritized for its exciting potential to uncover large numbers of novel proteins with extremely diverse potential practical uses, including applications in synthetic biology and responding to pathogens.
Space-time interference rejection cancellation in transmit diversity systems [cancellation read combining] (2003)

We consider the use of space diversity methods in conjunction with interference rejection combining (IRC) to mitigate the impact of interference and noise for interference limited scenarios. The use of transmit diversity schemes in a system generally limits the interference rejection capabilities of IRC techniques. We introduce a novel space-time IRC (STIRC) scheme that exploits the spatio-temporal correlation induced by cochannel users employing transmit diversity in the form of space-time block codes (STBC). Thus, the system can draw upon the benefits of interference rejection methods although transmit diversity is being employed. Simulation examples are presented to illustrate the discussion and to highlight the importance of taking both the spatial and temporal structure of the interference into account.
When malloc() Never Returns NULL—Reliability as an Illusion (2022)

For decades, the guidance given to software engi-neers has been to check the memory allocation results. This validation step is necessary to avoid crashes and undefined behavior. However, in user mode, in modern operating systems (OS), such as Android, FreeBSD, iOS, and macOS, the caller does not have an opportunity to handle the memory allocation failures. This behavioral trait results from the actions of a system component called an out-of-memory (OOM) killer. We identify that the only mainstream OS that, by default, lets applications detect memory allocation failures is Microsoft Windows. The false expectation that an application can handle OOM errors can negatively impact its design. The presence of error-handling code creates an illusion of reliability and is wasteful in terms of lines of code and code size. We describe the current behavior of a sample of popular OSs during low-memory conditions and provide recommendations for engineering practices going forward.
Low-cost DIPE production (1994)

UOP has developed a new single-step diisopropyl ether (DIPE) process that lowers DIPE inside battery limits (ISBL) cost by 40% relative to earlier versions of this technology. This cost reduction is a result of the following improvements: (1) Single-phase, one-step reactor design (2) Direct use of refinery-grade propylene feed (3) Simplified product recovery system (4) High-activity catalyst. These process and catalyst improvements have resulted in UOP DIPE capital cost similar to those for other ether production units in refineries. The high-activity catalyst system used in the new UOP DIPE process offers 98% selectivity to DIPE, extremely low oligomerization, and an expected catalyst life of 1.5 years. Because it can be produced from the water and propylene already existing in the refinery and does not require the purchase of methanol or ethanol, DIPE has a significant advantage over other oxygenates, such as methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE), tertiary amyl methyl ether (TAME), or ethyl tertiary butyl ether (ETBE). The new UOP DIPE process can be applied to both grassroots projects or to revamps of existing poly gasoline units to further minimize the required investment. This paper introduces the new UOP DIPE process and illustrates the potential economic and strategic incentives formore » the production of DIPE.« less
β‐Cell Function and Insulin Sensitivity in Adolescents From an OGTT (2008)

Given the increase in the incidence of insulin resistance, obesity, and type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents, it would be of paramount importance to assess quantitative indices of insulin secretion and action during a physiological perturbation, such as a meal or an oral glucose-tolerance test (OGTT). A minimal model method is proposed to measure quantitative indices of insulin secretion and action in adolescents from an oral test. A 7 h, 21-sample OGTT was performed in 11 adolescents. The C-peptide minimal model was identified on C-peptide and glucose data to quantify indices of beta-cell function: static phi(s) and dynamic phi(d) responsivity to glucose from which total responsivity phi was also measured. The glucose minimal model was identified on glucose and insulin data to estimate insulin sensitivity, S(I), which was compared to a reference measure, S(I)(ref), provided by a tracer method. Disposition indices, which adjust insulin secretion for insulin action, were then calculated. Indices of beta-cell function were phi(s) = 51.35 +/- 8.89 x 10(-9)min(-1), phi(d) = 1,392 +/- 258 x 10(-9), and phi = 82.09 +/- 17.70 x 10(-9)min(-1). Insulin sensitivity was S(I) = 14.19 +/- 2.73 x 10(-4), not significantly different from S(I)(ref) = 14.96 +/- 3.04 x 10(-4) dl/kg.min per microU/ml, and well correlated: r = 0.98, P < 0.0001, thus indicating that S(I) can be accurately measured from an oral test. Disposition indices were DI(s) = 1,040 +/- 201 x 10(-14) dl/kg/min(2) per pmol/l, DI(d) = 33,178 +/- 10,720 x 10(-14) dl/kg/min per pmol/l, DI = 1,844 +/- 522 x 10(-14) dl/kg/min(2) per pmol/l. Virtually the same minimal model assessment was obtained with a reduced 3 h, 9-sample protocol. OGTT interpreted with C-peptide and glucose minimal model has the potential to provide novel insight regarding the regulation of glucose metabolism in adolescents, and to evaluate the effect of obesity and interventions such as diet and exercise.
1-bit Feedforward Distortion Compensation Technology for Bandpass Delta-Sigma Modulation (2016)

This paper proposes 1-bit feedforward distortion compensation for digital radio frequency conversion (DRFC) with 1-bit bandpass delta-sigma modulation (BP-DSM). The 1-bit BP-DSM allows direct RF signal transmission from a digitally modulated signal. However, it has been previously reported that 1-bit digital pulse trains with non-ideal rectangle waveform cause spectrum regrowth. The proposed architecture adds a feedforward path with another 1-bit BP-DSM and so can cancel out the distortion components at any target carrier frequency. Both the main signal and the distortion compensation signal are 1-bit digital pulse trains and so no additional analog RF circuit is required for distortion compensation. Simulation results show that the proposed method holds the adjacent channel leakage ratio to 60dB for LTE signal transmission. A prototype of the proposed 1-bit DRFC with an additional 1-bit BP-DSM in the feedforward path shows an ACLR of 50dB, 4dB higher than that of the conventional 1-bit DRFC.
Molecular processes leading to aberrant androgen receptor signaling and castration resistance in prostate cancer (2010)

Hormone therapies targeting androgen receptor signaling are the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced prostate cancer. The length of clinical remission induced by hormone therapies varies substantially among treated patients. Why some patients progress rapidly after treatment while others benefit with prolonged remission is a question that remains unsolved. The androgen receptor signaling pathway is the key molecular determinant of castration resistance, and a key target for prostate cancer drug design. Recent advances in characterizing molecular processes leading to the development of castration-resistant prostate cancer, including the discovery of multiple androgen receptor splicing variants, offer opportunities for rational development of new clinical tools or approaches to predict, monitor or control/prevent prostate cancer progression in the castrate setting.
Template‐Independent DNA Polymerases (1987)

Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, purified from calf thymus, catalyzes the incorporation of deoxynucleotides to the 3'-hydroxyl termini of DNA accompanied by the release of inorganic phosphate. Reaction conditions are described in this unit in addition to some applications, including cloning DNA fragments, labeling the 3' termini of DNA with 32P, incorporating nonradioactive tags onto the 3' termini of DNA fragments, and synthesizing model polydeoxynucleotide homopolymers.
Sensitivity maps for metal detector design (1996)

Eddy-current or permeability-contrast based metal detectors may be characterized by static sensitivity maps, a new graphic representation that maps detector response to a standardized infinitesimal object in a static field. A sphere is shown to be a suitable standard object because its behavior describes, to within multiplicative constants, objects of arbitrary conductivity and permeability. Static sensitivity maps take full account of both the excitation and detection coil shapes. They are compact, easy to understand, closely related to industrial testing procedures, and likely to prove a useful design tool. Their usefulness is illustrated by examples based on a metal detector for which published data exist.
Molecular biology of enzyme adaptations in higher eukaryotes (1989)

Multicellular eukaryotes have evolved complex homeostatic mechanisms that buffer the majority of their cells from direct interaction with the external environment. Thus, in these organisms long-term adaptations are generally achieved by modulating the developmental profile and tissue specificity of gene expression. Nevertheless, a subset of eukaryotic genes are still involved in direct responses to environmental fluctuations. It is the adaptative responses in the expression of these genes that buffers many other genes from direct environmental effects. Both microevolutionary and macroevolutionary patterns of change in the structure and regulation of such genes are illustrated by the sequences encoding alpha-amylases. The molecular biology and evolution of alpha-amylases in Drosophila and other higher eukaryotes are presented. The amylase system illustrates the effects of both long-term and short-term natural selection, acting on both the structural and regulatory components of a gene--enzyme system. This system offers an opportunity for linking evolutionary genetics to molecular biology, and it allows us to explore the relationship between short-term microevolutionary changes and long-term adaptations.
A narrow transition bandwidth SAW filter using withdrawal weighting with decomposed weighting functions (1993)

Thousands of taps with small weights are required for IDTs to achieve narrow transition bandwidths in SAW filters used for satellite applications, In this paper, withdrawal weighting for IDTs is employed to eliminate diffraction problems encountered in overlap weighting. To obtain a good approximation, an original weighting function is decomposed into two functions such that the number of small weights decreases. In the decomposition procedure, the so called zero separation method is applied to the sampled original weighting function, because it is difficult to calculate zeros of thousand order polynomials. The decomposed functions are interpolated, and then approximated by withdrawal weighting. The resultant two weighting functions are applied to input and output IDTs respectively
Efficacy and Safety of Repeated Ultrasound Cycloplasty Procedures in Patients With Early or Delayed Failure After a First Procedure (2019)

A second UCP procedure could be considered in subjects with early or delayed failure after a first procedure.
Computer Simulations of Bottle Brushes: From Melts to Soft Networks (2015)

Using a combination of molecular dynamics simulations and analytical calculations, we study dense bottle-brush systems in a melt and network state. Analysis of our simulation results shows that bottle-brush macromolecules in melt behave as ideal chains with effective Kuhn length bK. Simulations show that the bottle-brush-induced bending rigidity is due to an entropy decrease caused by redistribution of the side chains upon backbone bending. The Kuhn length of the bottle brushes increases with increasing the side-chain degree of polymerization nsc as bK ∝ nsc0.46. This model of bottle-brush macromolecules is extended to describe mechanical properties of bottle-brush networks in linear and nonlinear deformation regimes. In the linear deformation regime, the network shear modulus scales with the degree of polymerization of the side chains as G0 ∝ (nsc + 1)−1 as long as the ratio of the Kuhn length, bK, to the size of the fully extended bottle-brush backbone between cross-links, Rmax, is smaller than unity, bK/Rmax ≪ 1. Bottle-brush networks with bK/Rmax ∝ 1 demonstrate behavior similar to that of networks of semiflexible chains with G0 ∝ nsc–0.5. In the nonlinear network deformation regime, the deformation-dependent shear modulus is a universal function of the first strain invariant I1 and bottle-brush backbone deformation ratio β describing stretching ability of the bottle-brush backbone between cross-links.
Uric Acid Urolithiasis and Crystallization Inhibitors (1999)

An in vitro study of the inhibitory effects that some substances occasionally present in urine can provoke on the crystallization of uric acid has been performed. The most remarkable crystallization inhibitory effects were produced by mucine at concentrations of >0.5 mg/l. Pentosan polysulfate and chondroitin sulfate also clearly increased the uric acid crystallization times at concentrations of >100 mg/l. Saponins, such as escin and glycyrrhizic acid, also produced a notable delay in uric acid crystallization times at concentrations of >10 mg/l. Similar effects were observed in the presence of a surfactant substance, lauryl sulfate. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine caused crystallization perturbations only when it was present at concentrations of >50 mg/l. Citric acid and phytic acid caused no effects on uric acid crystallization even at the highest concentrations assayed (1,000 and 5 mg/l, respectively). From the results obtained it can be deduced that mainly glycoproteins, glycosaminoglycans and surfactant substances can exert protective effects against uric acid crystallization.
Computer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 2. Perception of rings, aromaticity, and tautomers (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 2. Perception of rings, aromaticity, and tautomersBarbara L. Roos-Kozel and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1981, 21, 2, 101–111Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00030a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00030a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts