gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of 500kJ Pulsed Power Supply System for Electromagnetic Rail Gun using PSPICE Simulation (2015)

Pulsed power supply system plays an important role in rail gun system as it gives an electrical energy to rail gun in order to accelerate the projectile with higher velocity. Nowadays the pulsed power supply system which feed the rail launcher is still large and it is important to think about the minimization of the stored energy. The pulsed power supply system that has well enough small mass and volume, yet can offer properly conditioned power, is a vital component for the successful accomplishment of rail gun system. All embracing works and researches are being carried out all over the world for the minimization of the volume occupied by the power supply and its weight. Capacitor based pulsed power supply systems are the most familiar form of pulsed power supplies system used in rail gun research for the past several years. The design of a 500kJ capacitor module pulsed power system, which can able to accelerate the projectile with a velocity of 1km/s to 1.5km/s, to be applied for the electromagnetic rail gun currently under investigation in India for surface fire support. In this paper an attempt is made to design a 500kJ PPS using computer simulation packages called PSPICE software in order to calculate the rail gun parameters such as acceleration of the projectile, muzzle velocity, peak current, current at exit, effective barrel length. Finally, this work gives some fundamental contemplation on volume and weight requirements of 500kJ capacitive PPS systems to be applied for speedy fire of electromagnetic rail guns.
Etude numérique de la résonance d'une nano-antenne optique à ouverture papillon (2015)

National audience
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 1‐Benzyl‐5‐(3‐biphenyl‐2‐yl‐propyl)‐1H‐imidazole as Novel Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Coatings on reflective mask substrates (2023)

A process for creating a mask substrate involving depositing: 1) a coating on one or both sides of a low thermal expansion material EUVL mask substrate to improve defect inspection, surface finishing, and defect levels; and 2) a high dielectric coating, on the backside to facilitate electrostatic chucking and to correct for any bowing caused by the stress imbalance imparted by either other deposited coatings or the multilayer coating of the mask substrate. An film, such as TaSi, may be deposited on the front side and/or back of the low thermal expansion material before the material coating to balance the stress. The low thermal expansion material with a silicon overlayer and a silicon and/or other conductive underlayer enables improved defect inspection and stress balancing.
Evaluation of automated synthesis for chain and step‐growth polymerizations: Can robots replace the chemists? (2008)

Abstract This article explores current challenges in the use of automated parallel synthesizers in polymeric materials research. Four types of polymerizations were investigated: carbodiimide‐mediated polyesterification, diphenol phosgenation, free radical, and reversible addition‐fragmentation chain‐transfer (RAFT). Synthetic challenges of condensation polymerization, such as liquid and solid dispensing accuracy, dropwise addition, and toxic chemical handling, were successfully met using the automated synthesizer. Both solid and liquid dosing of the diphenol and diacid were successful for polyarylate synthesis. The high precision of liquid dispensing made it possible to achieve stoichiometric balance using reagent stock solutions. For all reactions, molecular weights and their reproducibility were comparable to those obtained with manual synthesis. For RAFT polymerizations, solvent and mol ratio of chain transfer reagent to initiator were successfully optimized on the automated synthesizer and a library of over 60 polymethacrylate copolymer compositions was generated. Considerable savings in time relative to manual methods were achieved when generating polymer libraries (e.g., 4.5× faster for 96 polymethacrylates and 20× faster for 45 for polycarbonates). © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 49–58, 2009
Identification and characterization of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers from Fragaria×ananassa expressed sequences (2006)

Abstract The availability of expressed sequence data derived from gene discovery programmes enables mining for simple sequence repeats (SSRs), providing useful genetic markers for crop improvement. These markers are inexpensive, require minimal labour to produce and can frequently be associated with functionally annotated genes. This study reports on the development and characterization of expressed sequence tag (EST)–SSR markers in the cultivated strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa . Fourteen primer pairs were assessed for polymorphism in 13 F. × ananassa genotypes. The markers show reliable amplification and considerable polymorphism, demonstrating the utility of EST–SSRs for genetic analysis of commercial strawberry germplasm.
VIPER: Volume Invariant Position-based Elastic Rods (2019)

We extend the formulation of position-based rods to include elastic volumetric deformations. We achieve this by introducing an additional degree of freedom per vertex -- isotropic scale (and its velocity). Including scale enriches the space of possible deformations, allowing the simulation of volumetric effects, such as a reduction in cross-sectional area when a rod is stretched. We rigorously derive the continuous formulation of its elastic energy potentials, and hence its associated position-based dynamics (PBD) updates to realize this model, enabling the simulation of up to 26000 DOFs at 140 Hz in our GPU implementation. We further show how rods can provide a compact alternative to tetrahedral meshes for the representation of complex muscle deformations, as well as providing a convenient representation for collision detection. This is achieved by modeling a muscle as a bundle of rods, for which we also introduce a technique to automatically convert a muscle surface mesh into a rods-bundle. Finally, we show how rods and/or bundles can be skinned to a surface mesh to drive its deformation, resulting in an alternative to cages for real-time volumetric deformation.
Post-Stall Flow Control of Sharp-Edged Wings via Unsteady Blowing (2006)

In previous publications we reported on how leading-edge oscillating miniflaps can control separated flows over sharp-edged airfoils. In this paper we extend our efforts and present results on the control of flows over such airfoils using unsteady minijets deployed along the leading edge. We developed and employed a new design of an unsteady jet actuator that can achieve a wide range of blowing frequencies, allowing the independent control of the jet amplitude. The results indicate that unsteady minijet actuation is as effective as leading-edge miniflaps. The management of separated flow generates in the average lift increases the order of 50%. The present data are compared with results obtained with large, fixed leading-edge flaps. This implies that heavy flaps and the accompanied hydraulics necessary for takeoff, landing, and maneuvering could be replaced with flow control devices.
The beer component hordenine inhibits alcohol addiction‐associated behaviours in mice (2023)

Alcohol consumption is a widespread behaviour that may eventually result in the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Alcohol, however, is rarely consumed in pure form but in fruit- or corn-derived preparations, like beer. These preparations add other compounds to the consumption, which may critically modify alcohol intake and AUD risk. We investigated the effects of hordenine, a barley-derived beer compound on alcohol use-related behaviours. We found that the dopamine D2 receptor agonist hordenine (50 mg/kg) limited ongoing alcohol consumption and prophylactically diminished relapse drinking after withdrawal in mice. Although not having reinforcing effects on its own, hordenine blocked the establishment of alcohol-induced conditioned place preference (CPP). However, it independently enhanced alcohol CPP retrieval. Hordenine had a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on locomotor activity. Chronic hordenine exposure enhanced monoamine tissue levels in many brain regions. Further characterization revealed monoaminergic binding sites of hordenine and found a strong binding on the serotonin and dopamine transporters, and dopamine D<sub>3</sub> , and adrenergic α<sub>1A</sub> and α<sub>2A</sub> receptor activation but no effects on GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor or glycinergic signalling. These findings suggest that natural ingredients of beer, like hordenine, may work as an inhibitory and use-regulating factor by their modulation of monoaminergic signalling in the brain.
Scalable Performance-Energy Trade-off Exploration of Embedded Real-Time Systems on Multiprocessor Platforms (2006)

Conventional task scheduling on real-time systems with multiple processors is notorious for its computational intractability. This problem becomes even harder when designers also have to consider other constraints such as energy consumptions. Such a multi-objective trade-off exploration is a crucial step to generating cost-efficient real-time embedded systems. Although previous task schedulers have attempted to provide fast heuristics for design space exploration, they cannot handle large systems efficiently. As today's embedded systems become increasingly larger, we need a scalable scheduler to handle this complexity. This paper presents a hierarchical scheduler that combines the graph partition and the task interleaving to tackle the trade-off exploration problem in a scalable way. Our scheduler can employ the existing flattened scheduler and signifi cantly accelerate the design space explorations for large tasks. The speed-up of up to 2 orders of magnitude has been obtained for large task models compared to the conventional flattened scheduler.
Reduction of Water Desorption from Stainless Steel by Silicon-carbon Coatings (2003)

Water desorption from stainless steel was reduced by silicon-carbon coatings deposited by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Two types of film coatings were examined, both of which used organosilicon compounds as source materials. One was hexamethyldisiloxane (HMDSO), and the other was hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS). The surfaces of the film coatings exposed to atmospheric air were thought to be oxidized by oxygen and water in air. The amount of water desorbed from the stainless steel samples coated with either type of the films was less than 1/10 of that from the electropolished sample as measured through the thermal desorption spectroscopy. The amount from the coated samples was equivalent to the order of 1/100 of the water monolayer. The analysis by Auger electron spectroscopy showed that both films were composed of 50 at.% silicon and 40 at.% carbon. The remainder of the film deposited from the HMDSO was oxygen, and that of the film from the HMDS was nitrogen.
The thymic way to transplantation tolerance. (1995)

Within the past three decades, extensive research has been carried out with the aim to prevent graft rejection by minimizing the side effects related to the use of immunosuppressants. The major goal in transplantation research remains the development of strategies that would allow one to achieve a state of donor-specific unresponsiveness in order to promote a condition of true tolerance without the need of immunosuppressants. Recent evidence has been provided that this is a pursuing goal, at least in experimental animals. The thymus plays the major role in the development of self-tolerance, and initial work in the late 1960s indicated that the thymus also plays a critical role in the induction of acquired tolerance to exogenous antigens. Recently, the interest in acquired thymic tolerance has been renewed by the observation that, in the rat, the thymus is an immunologically privileged site in which isolated pancreatic islets can be engrafted and survive indefinitely. Moreover, intrathymic injection of the islets induced donor-specific unresponsiveness, which allowed survival of a second donor-strain islet cell allograft transplanted into an extrathymic site. These findings on cellular allografts have been extended to vascularized organ allografts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Active Thermal Management for Precision Positioning (2007)

Precision positioning systems are inevitably subject to various thermal disturbances including heating from motors, friction between components, and ambient temperature fluctuations. Thermal disturbances cause unwanted thermal expansion and contraction; the resulting distortion of the components in the positioning system could lead to degraded positioning accuracy. This paper explores the application of estimation and control techniques to address thermally-induced positioning error. A simplified planar system, motivated by linear stages used in semiconductor manufacturing, is considered as a case study. The goal is to estimate the displacements of the locations of interest at the top of the stage and control their positions within an acceptable error bound from the preset target positions. A linear time-invariant model is first identified from the numerical simulation of the system model. Kalman filter is applied for state estimator design and the optimal error covariance is used to guide the temperature sensor placement. It is found that the estimator performance does not significantly improve beyond a small number of well chosen temperature sensors. For the active heating control, an offset is introduced to allow for two-way (both positive and negative) control action. The linear-quadratic-Gaussian design is used for both actuator location selection as well as closed loop active heating control. It is found that the assumed boundary condition between different portions of the stage drastically affect the controllability of the locations of interest. Locations of interest far from the constrained points are well regulated, while those near the constrained points show limited improvement.
Operational stability enhancement of white OLEDs with single solution‐processed emitting layer fabricated by “self‐layered technique” (2015)

Abstract — We achieved operationally stable white OLEDs with a single solution processed EML fabricated using a self‐layered technique. An LT70 of 10 khr at an initial luminance of 1000 cd/m 2 was obtained by suppressing the exciplex formation between the EML and ETL, preventing Li diffusion into the EMLs, and using red dopants with shallow LUMO levels and stable host materials.
Novel pMUT-Based Acoustic Duplexer for Underwater and Intrabody Communication (2018)

This work demonstrates for the first time an acoustic duplexer based on Aluminum Nitride pMUTs as radiating elements. The duplexer has the function of efficiently separating independent data-streams coming from the transmit and receive modules while minimizing the noise injected in the channel through the achievement of large out-of-band rejections. As a result, this permits to reach levels of Bit-Error-Rates (BER)that are comparable to those achieved through the use of commercial Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT)transducers. Furthermore, the simultaneous use of two communication bands allows much higher data-rates than traditional resonant approaches, thus enabling much larger data throughput.
Development of a Non-Linear Element Code for the Improvement of Piezoelectric Actuator Design and Reliability (2006)

Abstract : Chad Landis and Christopher Lynch have developed a finite element code capable of handling constitutive laws with ferroelectric/ferroelastic major hysteresis loops. Two approaches have been developed and compared, a scalar electric field potential based and a vector electric displacement potential based formulation. The code has been used to conduct simulations of geometries in which the field distribution is inhomogeneous and results in local consentrations such as for interdigitated electrodes, for cofired actuators, and for end constraints. Related work on fracture mechanics of ferroelectrics has been completed in parallel with the code development.
Brachyspira aalborgi infection in four Australian children (2001)

Although all patients appeared to respond to antibiotic treatment, the clinical significance of B. aalborgi as a human pathogen requires further investigation.
Are Low Molecular Weight Heparins the Same? (2004)

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) of different chain length, molecular weight distribution, and different physiochemical characteristics that result from their diverse methods of preparation, which make them non-interchangeable. The anticoagulant potency of heparin is measured as USP U/mg. This method is only applicable to LMWHs at high doses, when their anticoagulant properties are apparent. Anti-Xa activity has not enabled standardization of the biologic actions of LMWHs, since it does not address the ATIII-independent actions of LMWHs. Yet the European Pharmacopoeia Commission has adopted anti-Xa activity as a measure of LMWH potency. Since other markers of pharmacological activity also differ among LMWHs, their anti-IIa activity, tissue-factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) releasing capacity, anti-inflammatory, and other cellular effects should be useful biomarkers in determining the biologic activity of each LMWH.
Titania-Silica Catalysts for Lactide Production from Renewable Alkyl Lactates: Structure–Activity Relations (2018)

Different Ti-Si catalysts, viz. TiO2 supported on amorphous SiO2 or Si-MCM-41, TiO2-SiO2 xerogels, and Ti zeolites (TS-1 and Ti-beta), were compared in terms of activity and selectivity for the direct conversion of methyl lactate to lactide in the gas phase. Except for Ti-beta, all catalysts exhibit a high lactide selectivity of 88–92% at conversions below 50%. From DR UV–vis spectroscopy, it is evidenced that the catalytic activity of tetrahedral TiO4 sites is higher than those of polymerized TiO5 or the octahedral TiO6 counterparts, irrespective of the catalyst structure, an analysis supported by ToF-SIMS measurements. A kinetic analysis shows that the catalytic activity is proportional to the number of vacant sites on the catalyst surface. Thus, the activity increase observed for tetrahedral TiO4 sites may be attributed to an increased number of vacant sites (e.g., two for TiO4, zero for TiO6). Lactide productivity thus highly benefits from an increased dispersion of Ti sites on the catalyst surface and could be increased by a factor of 2.5 (up to 10 gLD gcat–1 h–1) when TiO2 is dispersed on a Si-MCM-41 support, with higher surface areas in comparison to amorphous SiO2 gels.
A Blended System Dynamics-Discrete Event Physics-Based Model for Anomaly Detection in Cyber-Physical Manufacturing Systems (2020)

Abstract Being able to quickly detect anomalies and reason about their root causes in critical manufacturing systems can significantly reduce the analysis time to bring operations back online, thus reducing expensive unplanned downtime. Machine learning-based anomaly detection approaches often need significant amounts of labeled data for training and are challenging to scale for manufacturing deployments. A robust blended system dynamics and discrete event simulation physics-based modeling methodology is proposed for the task of automated anomaly detection. The blended model consists of discrete event simulation (DES) components for the discrete manufacturing process modeling, and system dynamics (SD) components for continuous variables. The methodology strikes a balance between the computational overhead for online monitoring and the level of details required to perform anomaly detection tasks. The implementation of models takes an object-oriented approach, allowing multiple components of a smart factory to be robustly described in a modular, extendable and reconfigurable manner. The proposed methodology is applied to and validated by data collected from a real commercial manufacturing plant. A production line is modeled with DES components and heat transfer is modeled with SD. The blended model is then utilized for anomaly detection. It is demonstrated that the model-based approach is effective not only for detecting but also explaining particular types of anomalies in a commercial discrete manufacturing system.
Decoupled control of a three-phase to three-phase modular multilevel matrix converter (2013)

Modular multilevel converters have several features which make them very interesting for high voltage direct current transmission applications. In this paper, an alternative topology of a three-phase to three-phase modular multilevel converter is is analysed and its controller is designed. This topology can be used to interconnect asynchronous AC systems with different amplitudes and frequencies. The resulting converter exhibit similar features than standard modular multilevel converter, featuring almost sinusoidal currents and voltages. The proposed controller can manage bidirectional power flow and independent reactive power at each side of the converter. Simulation results show the performance of the proposed system.
A diode laser sensor for rapid, sensitive measurements of gas temperature and water vapour concentration at high temperatures and pressures (2007)

A near-infrared diode laser sensor is presented that is capable of measuring time-varying gas temperature and water vapour concentration at temperatures up to 1050 K and pressures up to 25 atm with a bandwidth of 7.5 kHz. Measurements with noise-equivalent-absorbances of the order of 10−3 (10−5 Hz−1/2) are made possible in dynamic environments through the use of wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) with second harmonic detection (2f) on two water vapour spectral features near 7203.9 and 7435.6 cm−1. Laser performance characteristics that become important at the large modulation depths needed at high pressures are accounted for in the WMS-2f signal analysis, and the utility of normalization by the 1f signal to correct for variations in laser intensity, transmission and detector gain is presented. Laboratory measurements with the sensor system in a static cell with known temperature and pressure agree to 3% RMS in temperature and 4% RMS in H2O mole fraction for 500 < T < 900 K and 1 < P < 25 atm. The sensor time response is demonstrated in a high-pressure shock tube where shock wave transients are successfully captured, the average measured post-shock temperature agrees within 1% of the expected value, and H2O mole fraction agrees within 8%.
Enabling design concepts for a flight-qualifiable optical delay line (1998)

In an interferometer, an Optical Delay Line (ODL) must be able to inject a commanded pathlength change in incoming starlight as it proceeds from a collecting aperture to the beam combiner. Fringe visibility requirements for space interferometry prescribe that the optical path length difference between the two arms must be equal and stable to less than 5 nm RMS to a bandwidth of 1 kHz. For a space mission, an ODL must also operate in a vacuum for years, survive temperature extremes, and survive the launch environment. As part of the interferometer technology program (ITP) at JPL, a prototype ODL was designed and built to meet typical space mission requirements. It has survived environmental testing at flight qualification levels, and control design studies indicate the 5 nm RMS pathlength stability requirements can be met. The design philosophy for this ODL was to crete as many design concepts as possible which would allow a priori attainment of requirements, in order to minimize analysis, testing, and reliance on workmanship. Many of these concepts proved to be synergistic, and many attacked more than one requirement. This paper reviews the science and flight qualification requirements for the ITP ODL and details design concepts used to meet these requirements. Examples of hardware implementations are given, and general applicability to the field of optomechanics will be noted.