gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infrastructure-based co-operative architectures: how SAFESPOT deals with different road network areas. (2007)

The SAFESPOT Integrated Project, started in February 2006, is a research project co-funded by the European Commission, under the strategic objective eSafety Cooperative Systems for Road Transport. Its goal is to understand how intelligent vehicles and roads can co-operate to produce a breakthrough in road safety. The system should extend in space and time the driver's awareness of the surrounding environment, using wireless communication to enable vehicle-to-vehicle and vehicle-to-infrastructure co-operation through the IEEE 802.11p protocol. This paper presents the conceived architecture solutions, aimed at fulfilling the SAFESPOT system requirements in every kind of environment within the road network. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.
Decomposing the bony thorax in X-ray images (2016)

The identification and segmentation of target objects from medical images is often confused by other more salient objects in the image. This is a specific problem for X-ray projection images where the shadows of semi-transparent objects are overlaid. A bone shadow may confuse the automated detection of other crossing bones and of important soft tissue findings in the lung like lung nodules. We present a method to identify and remove such bone shadows from a chest radiograph for the purpose of suppressing all bone shadows overlapping with the lung field in a standard posterior-anterior view. In this context an elegant novel approach to the problem of identifying and segmenting overlaid objects is followed: Disturbing objects are identified first and literally removed from the image, therefore no longer confusing the detection of other more subtle objects. This method allowed the identification, segmentation, and suppression of the clavicles, the posterior and the anterior parts of the ribs - one after another. In a clinical study the detection of lung nodules by experienced radiologists was improved after bone suppression.
The Fundamentals of Corrosion and Scaling for Petroleum and Environmental Engineers (2008)

Cover image; Title page; Table of Contents; PROCESS PIPING DESIGN HANDBOOK; Copyright; Dedication; Foreword; Preface; List of Figures; List of Tables; Chapter 1: Before You Begin; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Standards; 1.3 Specifications; 1.4 Procedures; 1.5 Piping Execution Plan; 1.6 Conclusion; Chapter 2: Procedures; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Master Stick Files, Working Copies, and Inter-discipline Drawing Reviews (IDR); 2.3 Vendor Drawing Reviews; 2.4 Line Numbering; 2.5 Stress Analysis; 2.6 Model Reviews; 2.7 Checking; 2.8 Manhour Estimating and Manpower Planning; Chapter 3: Deliverables.
Figure S3 from Vaccine-Induced Memory CD8<sup>+</sup> T Cells Provide Clinical Benefit in HER2 Expressing Breast Cancer: A Mouse to Human Translational Study (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SPADE tree generated by CYTOF analysis&lt;/p&gt;
High Pressure Crystallization of Vitamin E‐containing Radiation Cross‐linked UHMWPE (2015)

One of our aims in developing ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) joint implants is to improve the fatigue strength of cross‐linked UHMWPEs without sacrificing their wear resistance induced by cross‐linking. High pressure crystallization (HPC) of uncross‐linked UHMWPE, which results in the formation of less hindered extended chain crystals, increased fatigue strength. Vitamin E, also an antioxidant, acted synergistically with HPC and the resulting UHMWPE had increased wear and fatigue strength. In this study, we hypothesized that vitamin E‐blended, cross‐linked, and high pressure crystallized UHMWPE (X‐VEHPE) would have higher wear resistance and fatigue strength compared to radiation cross‐linked UHMWPE. To test this hypothesis, we irradiated 0.1 wt% vitamin E‐blended UHMWPE, subsequently radiation cross‐linked it to various doses and terminally high pressure crystallized it. We used bi‐directional pin‐on‐disc wear testing, tensile mechanical testing, and fatigue crack propagation resistance testing. We found that X‐VEHPE required less radiation dose and less cross‐linking to achieve the same wear rate when compared to irradiated UHMWPE and had improved fatigue resistance at the same wear rate. Therefore, this UHMWPE presented about 46 and 87% improvement in fatigue strength compared to irradiated and irradiated/melted UHMWPE and may be a feasible alternative for joint implants.
Directions in Network-Based Security Monitoring (2009)

This article outlines some recently emerging research in network-based malicious software detection. The author discusses differences between traditional network intrusion detection and these new techniques, and highlights a new freely available tool called BotHunter.
Systems-level comparison of host responses induced by pandemic and seasonal influenza A H1N1 viruses in primary human type I-like alveolar epithelial cells in vitro (2010)

Both seasonal H1N1 and pdmH1N1 trigger similar host responses including IFN-based antiviral responses and cytokine responses. Unlike the avian H5N1 virus, pdmH1N1 virus does not have an intrinsic capacity for cytokine dysregulation. The differences between pdmH1N1 and seasonal H1N1 viruses lay in the ability of seasonal H1N1 virus to down regulate zinc finger proteins and small nucleolar RNAs, which are possible viral transcriptional suppressors and eukaryotic translation initiation factors respectively. These differences may be biologically relevant and may represent better adaptation of seasonal H1N1 influenza virus to the host.
Mobilization of Dendritic Cell Precursors in Patients With Cancer by Flt3 Ligand Allows the Generation of Higher Yields of Cultured Dendritic Cells (2002)

Flt3 ligand (Flt3L) stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of hematopoietic cells. Subcutaneous Flt3L administration has been shown to effectively manage some murine cancers and in humans, to lead to an increase in peripheral blood monocyte and dendritic cell (DC) counts. In the current study, we determined the effects of Flt3L therapy on patients with melanoma and renal cancer, and in particular, if Flt3L could be used either by enhancing the immunization of patients with melanoma to tumor antigen peptides in vivo, or by mobilizing DC precursors to allow the production of larger numbers of cultured DC. Flt3 ligand administration resulted in a 19-fold increase in DC counts in the peripheral blood of patients. The DC generated in vivo appeared only partially activated, expressing increased levels of CD86, CD33, and major histocompatibility complex class II, but no or low levels of CD80 and CD83. This partial activation may account for the lack of enhanced immune responses to melanoma antigens and absence of clinical responses in the patients even in combination with antigen immunization. Flt3 ligand administration did result, however, in a 7-fold increased yield of monocytes per liter of blood from leukapheresed patients. Dendritic cells were as readily generated from monocytes collected before and after Flt3L therapy, and they stimulated allogeneic T-cell proliferation in a mixed leukocyte reaction to a similar magnitude. Thus, the use of Flt3L may be an important method to mobilize DC precursors to allow patient therapy with larger numbers of cultured DC.
Pulmonary Nodules on Multi–Detector Row CT Scans: Performance Comparison of Radiologists and Computer-aided Detection (2005)

With CAD used at a level allowing only three FP detections per CT scan, sensitivity was substantially higher than with conventional double reading.
Evaluation of B and T-cell responses in chimpanzees immunized with Hepagene®, a hepatitis B vaccine containing pre-S1, pre-S2 and S gene products (1998)

Approximately 5-10% of healthy young adults receiving the commercially available hepatitis B vaccine (either serum derived or recombinant) fail to mount an adequate immune response. This nonresponder rate has prompted the demand for more immunogenic vaccines. An alternative to the currently licensed hepatitis B vaccines is Hepagene, a novel recombinant hepatitis B vaccine containing S, pre-S1 and pre-S2 antigenic components, produced in the mouse C127I clonal cell line after transfection of the cells with genes encoding the three antigens. In this study, chimpanzees were immunized with Hepagene to study the humoral and cellular immune responses to this vaccine. Two out of the three animals immunized with this vaccine seroconverted 4 weeks after their first injection and all of the animals elicited high anti-HBs levels that were maintained for at least 28-30 weeks after their third immunization. The anti-HBs levels elicited in these animals protected them against an experimental challenge with HBV. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from immunized animals could be stimulated in vitro by rHBsAg and peptides representing regions within all three of the viral envelope proteins. Additionally, an anti-id that mimics the a determinant in the S-region of HBsAg could also stimulate in vitro proliferation of PBMCs from these immune animals. These results indicate that this new recombinant HBV vaccine encoding all three of the surface antigen proteins is highly immunogenic is that it can stimulate strong cellular and humoral immune responses.
Application of ultrasonic pulse‐echo techniques to egg albumen quality testing: A preliminary report (1980)

1. Preliminary results are reported from work on an application of ultrasonic pulse‐echo techniques to albumen quality testing of the hen's egg. 2. Measured values are presented for ultrasonic velocity and attenuation of compression waves in egg white of varying age, and of ultrasonic shear velocity in egg white. 3. It is concluded that the ultrasonic technique could prove superior to other techniques for automatic, non‐destructive testing of the hen's egg.
GAS FLOW IN NANO-CHANNELS: THERMAL TRANSPIRATION MODELS WITH APPLICATION TO A SI-MICROMACHINED KNUDSEN PUMP (2007)

This paper presents a comparative study of performance of various analytical and semi-analytical models used for the analysis of rarefied gas flow, which is responsible for the phenomenon of thermal transpiration. In particular, these are evaluated in the context of the scaling analysis of a Si-micromachined monolithic Knudsen pump. Results from these models are verified using available experimental data and are benchmarked against the simulation results from direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) technique. Characterization of Sharipov's model against the DSMC technique with the help of specially designed test cases predicts that Sharipov's model is potentially the most representative model for DSMC in this context. Finally, Sharipov's model is used to evaluate the sensitivity analysis of structural and performance parameters relevant for thermal transpiration. The analysis shows that for a 200 µm long channel on a well-insulated glass substrate, with a channel height of 100 nm and 10 µm width, provides a mass flow rate of 1.5x10 -6 sccm with a ® T of 300 o C.
Deguelins, Natural Product Modulators of NF1-Defective Astrocytoma Cell Growth Identified by High-Throughput Screening of Partially Purified Natural Product Extracts (2015)

A high-throughput screening assay for modulators of Trp53/NF1 mutant astrocytoma cell growth was adapted for use with natural product extracts and applied to a novel collection of prefractionated/partially purified extracts. Screening 68 427 samples identified active fractions from 95 unique extracts, including the terrestrial plant Millettia ichthyotona. Only three of these extracts showed activity in the crude extract form, thus demonstrating the utility of a partial purification approach for natural product screening. The NF1 screening assay was used to guide purification of active compounds from the M. ichthyotona extract, which yielded the two rotenones deguelin (1) and dehydrodeguelin (2). The deguelins have been reported to affect growth of a number of cancer cell lines. They potently inhibited growth of only one of a panel of NF1/Trp53 mutant murine astrocytoma cell lines, possibly related to epigenetic factors, but had no effect on the growth of normal astrocytes. These results suggest the potential utility of deguelins as tools for further investigating NF1 astrocytoma cell growth. These bioprobes were identified only as a result of screening partially purified natural product extracts.
Learning Sensor Network Topology through Monte Carlo Expectation Maximization (2006)

We consider the problem of inferring sensor positions and a topological (i.e. qualitative) map of an environment given a set of cameras with non-overlapping fields of view. In this way, without prior knowledge of the environment nor the exact position of sensors within the environment, one can infer the topology of the environment, and common traffic patterns within it. In particular, we consider sensors stationed at the junctions of the hallways of a large building. We infer the sensor connectivity graph and the travel times between sensors (and hence the hallway topology) from the sequence of events caused by unlabeled agents (i.e. people) passing within view of the different sensors. We do this based on a first-order semi-Markov model of the agent's behavior. The paper describes a problem formulation and proposes a stochastic algorithm for its solution. The result of the algorithm is a probabilistic model of the sensor network connectivity graph and the underlying traffic patterns. We conclude with results from numerical simulations
Facile and Highly Diastereoselective Formation of a Novel Pentacyclic Scaffold by Direct Anodic Oxidation of 2,4‐Dimethylphenol (2005)

Abstract Electrochemical oxidation of 2,4‐dimethylphenol directly provides pentacyclic systems being generated by an oxidative trimerization. The major pentacyclic scaffold is exclusively formed as a single diastereoisomer and is easily isolated. Three further pentacyclic compounds which occur in minor quantities were also fully characterized including their solid‐state structures. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Electron Dynamics in High Temperature Superconductors Studied Using Angle and Time-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (2015)

High-Temperature Superconductivity (HTSC) has inspired decades of research since its discovery in 1986 but remains an enigmatic subject to this day. At the heart of this difficulty is the highly correlated electronic behavior that limits the usefulness of modern theoretical calculations. Angle-Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy (ARPES) has proved an invaluable tool in the study of HTSC because it can directly measure this correlated behavior through its effects on the electronic scattering rate. However, the electronic scattering rates extracted by conventional ARPES analysis techniques can be up to an order of magnitude larger than those measured by other techniques (such as optical spectroscopy). In this work we show how this discrepancy can be explained by a combination of nanoscale electronic disorder and photoelectron surface scattering. Further, with the help of numerical modeling, we can remove these extraneous scattering events and reveal the true many-body interactions in these materials. We confirm these results by performing a systematic study of the effects of magnetic Fe impurities on the electronic structure of the HTSC Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+Î´\nThe second half of this thesis is devoted to the development and use of a time-resolved ARPES (trARPES) system to study these electron dynamics directly in the time domain. This allows us to measure the nonequilibrium electron dynamics, providing complementary information to normal ARPES measurements. We find that the electron dynamics are drastically slowed by the presence of the superconducting condensate and have a complex energy and momentum structure. By modeling the electrons' behavior as following an ultrafast "pseudo-temperature" we can explain the dynamics observed with trARPES and gain new insight into the complicated electronic behavior present in these novel materials.
Blood Cell-Derived RANTES Mediates Cerebral Microvascular Dysfunction, Inflammation, and Tissue Injury After Focal Ischemia–Reperfusion (2008)

These findings implicate blood cell-derived RANTES in the microvascular, inflammatory, and tissue injury responses of the brain to ischemia and reperfusion.
CuInS2 Solar Cells by Air-Stable Ink Rolling (2010)

Solution-based deposition techniques are widely considered to be a route to low-cost, high-throughput photovoltaic device fabrication. In this report, we establish a methodology for a highly scalable deposition process and report the synthesis of an air-stable, vulcanized ink from commercially available precursors. Using our air-stable ink rolling (AIR) process, we can make solar cells with an absorber layer that is flat, contaminant-free, and composed of large-grained CuInS(2). The current-voltage characteristics of the devices were measured in the dark and under 100 mW/cm(2) illumination intensity, and the devices were found to have J(sc) = 18.49 mA/cm(2), V(oc) = 320 mV, FF = 0.37, and eta = 2.15%. This process has the ability to produce flat, contaminant-free, large-grained films similar to those produced by vacuum deposition, and its versatility should make it capable of producing a variety of materials for electronic, optoelectronic, and memory devices.
Evaluation of novel particles as pulmonary delivery systems for insulin in rats (2020)

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of calcium phosphate (CAP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) particles on the systemic delivery of insulin administered by the pulmonary route. Two methods of pulmonary delivery were employed: intratracheal instillation and spray instillation. Insulin-CAP-PEG particles in suspension (1.2 U/kg, 110–140 μL) were administered to the lungs of fasted rats by intratracheal instillation (INCAPEG) or spray instillation (SINCAPEG). Control treatments consisted of insulin solution (1.2 U/kg) by intratracheal instillation, spray instillation, and subcutaneous administration (SC). Plasma concentrations of insulin and glucose were determined by chemiluminescence and colorimetric methods, respectively. Data were analyzed by compartmental and non-compartmental methods, and pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) parameters of insulin disposition were determined. PK analysis suggested that insulin administered in particles had a longer half-life, a longer mean residence time, and a smaller rate of elimination than insulin in solution. In addition, insulin bioavailability after SINCAPEG was 1.8-fold that of insulin solution administered SC. PD analysis showed that smaller areas under the effect curve and, conversely, larger areas above the effect curve were obtained after INCAPEG in comparison to insulin solution. The magnitude of this effect was increased after SINCAPEG. The presence of CAP-PEG particles appears to positively influence the disposition of insulin administered to the lungs of Sprague-Dawley rats. Spray instillation appears to be a more efficient method of delivering insulin to the lungs of rats than intratracheal instillation.
The atypical chemokine receptor ACKR3/CXCR7 is a broad-spectrum scavenger for opioid peptides (2020)

Endogenous opioid peptides and prescription opioid drugs modulate pain, anxiety and stress by activating opioid receptors, currently classified into four subtypes. Here we demonstrate that ACKR3/CXCR7, hitherto known as an atypical scavenger receptor for chemokines, is a broad-spectrum scavenger of opioid peptides. Phylogenetically, ACKR3 is intermediate between chemokine and opioid receptors and is present in various brain regions together with classical opioid receptors. Functionally, ACKR3 is a scavenger receptor for a wide variety of opioid peptides, especially enkephalins and dynorphins, reducing their availability for the classical opioid receptors. ACKR3 is not modulated by prescription opioids, but we show that an ACKR3-selective subnanomolar competitor peptide, LIH383, can restrain ACKR3's negative regulatory function on opioid peptides in rat brain and potentiate their activity towards classical receptors, which may open alternative therapeutic avenues for opioid-related disorders. Altogether, our results reveal that ACKR3 is an atypical opioid receptor with cross-family ligand selectivity.
Plactic key agreement (insecure?) (2023)

Abstract Plactic key agreement is a new type of cryptographic key agreement that uses Knuth’s multiplication of semistandard tableaux from combinatorial algebra. The security of plactic key agreement relies on the difficulty of some computational problems, particularly the division of semistandard tableaux. Tableau division can be used to find the private key from its public key or to find the shared secret from the two exchanged public keys. Monico found a fast division algorithm, which could be a polynomial time in the length of the tableaux. Monico’s algorithm solved a challenge that had been previously estimated to cost 2 128 steps to break, which is an infeasibly large number for any foreseeable computing power on earth. Monico’s algorithm solves this challenge in only a few minutes. Therefore, Monico’s attack likely makes the plactic key agreement insecure. If it were not for Monico’s attack, plactic key agreement with 1,000-byte public keys might perhaps have provided 128-bit security, with a runtime of a millisecond. But Monico’s attack breaks these public keys’ sizes in minutes.
Fabrication of hole pattern for position-controlled MOVPE-grown GaN nanorods with highly precise nanoimprint technology (2011)

Nano Imprint Lithography (NIL) is a promising technology that combines low costs with high throughput for fabrication of sub 100 nm scale features. One of the first application areas in which NIL is used is manufacturing of various types of LED's. The wafers used for producing LED's are typically III/V semiconductor materials grown with epitaxial processes. These types of substrates suffer from growth defects like hexagonal spikes, vpits, waferbowing, atomic steps and surface corrugations on a scale of few 10 &#956;m or even large islands of irregularities. The mentioned irregularities are particularly disturbing when NIL based processes are utilized to create patterns onto the wafer surface. The nanopatterns created by NIL can be applied to control metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (MOVPE) growth of GaN nanorods. This paper will show that NIL is an excellent technology to produce nanopatterned GaN substrates highly suitable to grow defect free arrays of positioncontrolled nanorods for ultrahigh brightness LED applications.