gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How reliable are your visual attributes? (2013)

Describable visual attributes are a powerful way to label aspects of an image, and taken together, build a detailed representation of a scene's appearance. Attributes enable highly accurate approaches to a variety of tasks, including object recognition, face recognition and image retrieval. An important consideration not previously addressed in the literature is the reliability of attribute classifiers as the quality of an image degrades. In this paper, we introduce a general framework for conducting reliability studies that assesses attribute classifier accuracy as a function of image degradation. This framework allows us to bound, in a probabilistic manner, the input imagery that is deemed acceptable for consideration by the attribute system without requiring ground truth attribute labels. We introduce a novel differential probabilistic model for accuracy assessment that leverages a strong normalization procedure based on the statistical extreme value theory. To demonstrate the utility of our framework, we present an extensive case study using 64 unique facial attributes, computed on data derived from the Labeled Faces in the Wild (LFW) data set. We also show that such reliability studies can result in significant compression benefits for mobile applications.
Declipping of Speech Signals Using Frequency Selective Extrapolation (2022)

The reconstruction of clipped speech signals is an important task in audio signal processing to achieve an enhanced audio quality for further processing. In this paper, Frequency Selective Extrapolation (FSE), which is commonly used for error concealment or the reconstruction of incomplete image data, is adapted to be able to restore audio signals which are distorted from clipping. For this, FSE generates a model of the signal as an iterative superposition of Fourier basis functions. Clipped samples can then be replaced by estimated samples from the model. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by using different speech test data sets. Compared to other state-of-the-art declipping algorithms, this leads to a maximum gain in SNR of up to 3:5 dB and an average gain of 1 dB.
Investigating the Effect of an Antifouling Surface Modification on the Environmental Impact of a Pasteurization Process: An LCA Study (2019)

As concerns grow about the sustainability of current food production patterns, it is important to assess their environmental impact, to identify the hotspots, and to propose curative solutions in order to progress toward more durable and ecofriendly production processes. Dairy products are a significant part of the human diet, but their production is responsible for substantial emission of pollutants such as greenhouse gases and fine particles. Following a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach, this study aims at assessing the environmental impact of a dairy pasteurization process and at studying the impact of a fouling-mitigating surface modification on the global environmental footprint of the process. The results obtained show that the frequent cleaning-in-place (CIP) procedures, which are required to remove dairy fouling layers, are the hotspot in the pasteurization process, mostly through high wastewater production. Moreover, it is shown that the use of a fouling-mitigating surface modification, an antifouling amphiphilic silicone coating, reduces the environmental impact of the pasteurization process by more than 70%.
Analysis of Tennis Ball Impact (2000)

In the case of studying the dynamics of tennis play, the impact phenomenon for tennis ball with spin is an important problem. The purpose of this paper is to obtain some kind of knowledge for impact phenomenon of tennis ball with spin. Then, the ball impact phenomenon to a rigid wall and string surface is measured to obtain the coefficient of restitution, angular velocity and deformed shapes by using high-speed video camera system. It was cleared that initial ball velocity and angular velocity had a great influence on the coefficient of restitution and the change of ball volume during collision.
High Harmonic Generation from Multiply Ionized Argon Extending Beyond 500 eV (2009)

By combining pulse self-compression and high harmonic generation within a single waveguide, we demonstrate harmonic emission from a multiply ionized gas, extending the cutoff photon energy in Ar to &gt; 500 eV.
Transient SHG Imaging on Ultrafast Carrier Dynamics of MoS2 Nanosheets (2018)

Understanding the collaborative behaviors of the excitons and phonons that result from light-matter interactions is important for interpreting and optimizing the underlying fundamental physics at work in devices made from atomically thin materials. In this study, the generation of exciton-coupled phonon vibration from molybdenum disulfide (MoS<sub>2</sub> ) nanosheets in a pre-excitonic resonance condition is reported. A strong rise-to-decay profile for the transient second-harmonic generation (TSHG) of the probe pulse is achieved by applying substantial (20%) beam polarization normal to the nanosheet plane, and tuning the wavelength of the pump beam to the absorption of the A-exciton. The time-dependent TSHG signals clearly exhibit acoustic phonon generation at vibration modes below 10 cm<sup>-1</sup> (close to the Γ point) after the photoinduced energy is transferred from exciton to phonon in a nonradiative fashion. Interestingly, by observing the TSHG signal oscillation period from MoS<sub>2</sub> samples of varying thicknesses, the speed of the supersonic waves generated in the out-of-plane direction (Mach 8.6) is generated. Additionally, TSHG microscopy reveals critical information about the phase and amplitude of the acoustic phonons from different edge chiralities (armchair and zigzag) of the MoS<sub>2</sub> monolayers. This suggests that the technique could be used more broadly to study ultrafast physics and chemistry in low-dimensional materials and their hybrids with ultrahigh fidelity.
Raman Spectra of Nanodiamonds: New Treatment Procedure Directed for Improved Raman Signal Marker Detection (2013)

Detonation nanodiamonds (NDs) have shown to be promising agents in several industries, ranging from electronic to biomedical applications. These NDs are characterized by small particle size ranging from 3 to 6 nm, while having a reactive surface and a stable inert core. Nanodiamonds can exhibit novel intrinsic properties such as fluorescence, high refractive index, and unique Raman signal making them very attractive imaging agents. In this work, we used several nanodiamond preparations for Raman spectroscopic studies. We exposed these nanodiamonds to increasing temperature treatments at constant heating rates (425–575°C) aiding graphite release. We wanted to correlate changes in the nanodiamond surface and properties with Raman signal which could be used as a detection marker . These observations would hold potential utility in biomedical imaging applications. First, the procedure of optimal linear smoothing was applied successfully to eliminate the high-frequency fluctuations and to extract the smoothed Raman spectra. After that we applied the secondary Fourier transform as the fitting function based on some significant set of frequencies. The remnant noise was described in terms of the beta-distribution function. We expect this data treatment to provide better results in biomolecule tracking using nanodiamond base Raman labeling.
Laser-Induced Damage Threshold and Surface Processing of GaN at 400 nm Wavelength (1999)

The laser-induced damage of epitaxially grown GaN semiconductor material is investigated for the first time by illumination of the c -plane by sub-picosecond laser pulses at the wavelength of 400 nm. The surface damage was investigated by optical and atomic force microscopies. The threshold fluence for ablation damage is determined to be ∼5.4 J/cm 2 for pulse width of 150 fs. An application is demonstrated for laser-beam processing by the formation of clean dips on the GaN surface to depths of 240 nm in a single shot.
A Hidden Markov Model for 3D Catheter Tip Tracking With 2D X-ray Catheterization Sequence and 3D Rotational Angiography (2016)

In minimal invasive image guided catheterization procedures, physicians require information of the catheter position with respect to the patient's vasculature. However, in fluoroscopic images, visualization of the vasculature requires toxic contrast agent. Static vasculature roadmapping, which can reduce the usage of iodine contrast, is hampered by the breathing motion in abdominal catheterization. In this paper, we propose a method to track the catheter tip inside the patient's 3D vessel tree using intra-operative single-plane 2D X-ray image sequences and a peri-operative 3D rotational angiography (3DRA). The method is based on a hidden Markov model (HMM) where states of the model are the possible positions of the catheter tip inside the 3D vessel tree. The transitions from state to state model the probabilities for the catheter tip to move from one position to another. The HMM is updated following the observation scores, based on the registration between the 2D catheter centerline extracted from the 2D X-ray image, and the 2D projection of 3D vessel tree centerline extracted from the 3DRA. The method is extensively evaluated on simulated and clinical datasets acquired during liver abdominal catheterization. The evaluations show a median 3D tip tracking error of 2.3 mm with optimal settings in simulated data. The registered vessels close to the tip have a median distance error of 4.7 mm with angiographic data and optimal settings. Such accuracy is sufficient to help the physicians with an up-to-date roadmapping. The method tracks in real-time the catheter tip and enables roadmapping during catheterization procedures.
Precision medicine program for whole-exome sequencing (WES) provides new insight on platinum sensitivity in advanced prostate cancer (PCa). (2015)

158 Background: WES has provided insight into the genomic landscape of PCa. The next step for precision medicine requires prospective patient (pt) follow-up and clinical and functional validation of both common and low frequency mutations. We describe a precision medicine WES program and illustrate how this can be used to identify novel biomarkers associated with response. Methods: Metastatic PCa pts were prospectively enrolled. WES of metastatic biopsies or rapid autopsies and normal DNA were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq 2500. Results: Tumor-normal pairs from 71 pts with metastatic PCa (11 hormone naïve, 38 CRPC, 23 NEPC) were sequenced including 3 rapid autopsies, with a biopsy success rate of &gt;95%, avg tumor purity 10-95%, avg coverage 85X. The spectrum of mutations across metastatic PCa and how serial biopsies and rapid autopsies were used to assess heterogeneity and clonal evolution will be presented. WES from a metastatic PCa pt (PM12) with exceptional response to platinum with complete remission of liver and lung metastases at 2 years follow-up, demonstrated a hypermutated genotype and hemizygous deletion of the DNA repair gene FANCA in both his primary and metastatic PCa. A loss of function germline variant was detected within the second allele, and only the mutated allele was expressed in his tumor. Genome editing of FANCA using CRISPR in PCa cell lines resulted in cisplatin hypersensitivity and a significant decrease in FANC complex formation. In patient derived xenograft (PDX) models, PM12’s PDX was significantly more sensitive to cisplatin compared to a control Pca PDX of similar morphology but lacking FANCA deletion. By screening larger cohorts, FANCA loss was detected by FISH in 16% of localized PCa (n= 69), 14% metastatic Pca (n= 29), and not detected in any benign prostate (n=69). Conclusions: Our study provides a proof of principle for developing a precision medicine approach to cancer care with the capability to identify potential biomarkers of response. Our findings suggest that a subset of PCa with FANCA loss may be particularly vulnerable to cytotoxic therapy and provides biologic rationale to help explain the exceptional response of pt PM12 to platinum chemotherapy.
Vindmøller til små energisystemer (2004)

Der er et meget stort behov for teknologi, der kan skaffe el til små landsbyer, der ikke hidtil har haft adgang til el. Det vurderes, at op mod 2 mia. mennesker ikke har adgang til el. Det er først og fremmest folk i Afrika syd for Sahara, men også store områder af Asien og Latinamerika er endnu ikke elektrificeret.
HACCLE: metaprogramming for secure multi-party computation (2021)

Cryptographic techniques have the potential to enable distrusting parties to collaborate in fundamentally new ways, but their practical implementation poses numerous challenges. An important class of such cryptographic techniques is known as Secure Multi-Party Computation (MPC). Developing Secure MPC applications in realistic scenarios requires extensive knowledge spanning multiple areas of cryptography and systems. And while the steps to arrive at a solution for a particular application are often straightforward, it remains difficult to make the implementation efficient, and tedious to apply those same steps to a slightly different application from scratch. Hence, it is an important problem to design platforms for implementing Secure MPC applications with minimum effort and using techniques accessible to non-experts in cryptography.
Buck converter based model for a brushless DC motor drive without a DC link capacitor (2015)

This study presents a simple model for a brushless DC (BLDC) motor drive operated directly from rectified mains without a DC link capacitor. A switching strategy with single switch control is adopted to regulate either the speed or torque. Operation of the drive during any switching state is similar to that of a buck converter and, thus, a buck converter based model is proposed to accurately predict its behaviour. Using the model, analytical expressions are derived for the motor current to investigate the impact of operation without the DC link capacitor on torque. Theoretical behaviour is compared with Matlab/Simulink based simulations as well as that observed from a 250 W prototype motor drive to demonstrate the validity of the modelling technique. Results convincingly indicate that the proposed buck converter based model is accurate and can be used as a design tool, being simple and requiring less computational time and applicable to conventional BLDC motor drives with similar switching patterns.
A methodology for testing for statistically significant differences between fully 3D PET reconstruction algorithms (1994)

We present a practical methodology for evaluating 3D PET reconstruction methods. It includes generation of random samples from a statistically described ensemble of 3D images resembling those to which PET would be applied in a medical situation, generation of corresponding projection data with noise and detector point spread function simulating those of a 3D PET scanner, assignment of figures of merit appropriate for the intended medical applications, optimization of the reconstruction algorithms on a training set of data, and statistical testing of the validity of hypotheses that say that two reconstruction algorithms perform equally well (from the point of view of a particular figure of merit) as compared to the alternative hypotheses that say that one of the algorithms outperforms the other. Although the methodology was developed with the 3D PET in mind, it can be used, with minor changes, for other 3D data collection methods, such as fully 3D cr or SPECT.
Narrow-linewidth picosecond pulse generation in an all-solid-state 1kHz electronically-tuned Ti:sapphire laser (2001)

Mode-locked-like laser with 0.009 nm linewidth can be continuously tuned in the whole range of laser gain in a frequency-shifted feedback Ti:sapphire laser with an intracavity acousto optic tunable filter (AOTF). Peak power of the output at 300 mW pump level is comparable to those of commerical tunable picosecond Ti:sapphire lasers. Phase-locking of the laser has been observed with a Michelson interferometer.
A COMPARISON OF STANDARD ACUTE TOXICITY TESTS WITH RAPID-SCREENING TOXICITY TESTS (1995)

This study compared the relative sensitivity of five inexpensive, rapid toxicity tests to the sensitivity of five standard aquatic acute toxicity tests through literature review and testing. The rapid toxicity tests utilized organisms that require little culturing or handling prior to testing: a freshwater rotifer (Branchionus calyciflorus); brine shrimp (Artemia salina); lettuce (Lactuca sativa); and two microbial tests (Photobacterium phosphoreum–Microtoxr̀ test, and a mixture of bacterial species–the Polytoxr̀ test). Standard acute toxicity test species included water fleas (Daphnia magna and Ceriodaphnia dubia), green algae (Selenastrum capricornutum), fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas), and mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia). Sensitivity comparisons between rapid and standard acute toxicity tests were based on LC50/EC50 data from 11 test chemicals. Individually, the lettuce and rotifer tests ranked most similar in sensitivity to the standard tests, while Microtox fell just outside the range of sensitivities represented by the group of standard acute toxicity tests. The brine shrimp and Polytox tests were one or more orders of magnitude different from the standard acute toxicity tests for most compounds. The lettuce, rotifer, and Microtox tests could be used as a battery for preliminary toxicity screening of chemicals. Further evaluation of complex “real-world” environmental samples is recommended.
Protein dynamics in viscous solvents (2003)

The mechanism of protein stabilization by glassy solvents is not entirely clear, and the stabilizer effective for a given protein is often discovered empirically. We use low frequency Raman spectroscopy as an effective tool to directly evaluate the ability of different solvents to suppress the conformational fluctuations that can lead to both protein activity and denaturation. We demonstrate that while trehalose provides superior suppression at high temperatures, glycerol is more effective at suppressing protein dynamics at low temperatures. These results suggest that viscosity of the solvent is not the only parameter important for biopreservation. It is also shown that glycerol and water enhance the high temperature conformational fluctuations relative to dry lysozyme, which explains the lower melting temperatures Tm in the hydrated protein and protein formulated in glycerol.
<title>3D model matching for fine pose determination</title> (1995)

3D model matching is the process of matching image features to 3D model features. The feature correspondences are used to determine the transformation between the model and camera and thus, define the orientation of the object. The solution to this 3D model matching is difficult to calculate due to the high dimensionality of the solution space. Addressing this problem, we have developed a machine-vision system which incorporates an advanced iterative search procedure and Hough transform feature extraction into a system which avoids image segmentation to determine the fine pose of some objects. Inputs to the system include images of the object from various camera views, a coarse pose estimate and a CAD object model. A windowing grid system is applied to the scene image(s) and a single feature hypothesis is extracted from each window. A modified Newton-Raphson iterative search method is used to evaluate mappings between the image features and model features. The search attempts to optimize a cost function which is based on the perpendicular distance between linear features. Results have shown that the described fine pose determination method can achieve sub pixel accuracy when applied to images of various geometric shapes. The system has been applied to a number of applications including space rendezvous and docking, ordnance defusing, and missile tracking.
A Mspl polymorphism and linkage mapping of the human proteintyrosine phosphatase G (PTPRG) gene (1993)

Journal Article A Mspl polymorphism and linkage mapping of the human proteintyrosine phosphatase G (PTPRG) gene Get access F. Latif, F. Latif * * To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Tory, K. Tory 1Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Program Resources Inc./DynCorp, Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. Modi, W. Modi 1Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Program Resources Inc./DynCorp, Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar L. Geil, L. Geil 1Biological Carcinogenesis and Development Program, Program Resources Inc./DynCorp, Frederick Cancer Research and Development CenterFrederick, MD 21701 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar S. LaForgia, S. LaForgia 2Jefferson Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA 19107, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar K. Huebner, K. Huebner 2Jefferson Cancer Institute, Thomas Jefferson UniversityPhiladelphia, PA 19107, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar B. Zbar, B. Zbar Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar M.I. Lerman M.I. Lerman Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Molecular Genetics, Volume 2, Issue 1, January 1993, Page 91, https://doi.org/10.1093/hmg/2.1.91 Published: 01 January 1993
Grid Enabled Surrogate Modeling (2011)

The simulation and optimization of complex systems is a very time consuming and computationally intensive task. Therefore, global surrogate modeling methods are often used for the efficient exploration of the design space, as they reduce the number of simulations needed. However, constructing such surrogate models (or metamodels) is often done in a straightforward, sequential fashion. In contrast, this chapter presents a framework that can leverage the use of compute clusters and grids in order to decrease the model generation time by efficiently running simulations in parallel. The authors describe the integration between surrogate modeling and grid computing on three levels: resource level, scheduling level and service level. This approach is illustrated with a simple example from aerodynamics.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Implementing an untrusted operating system on trusted hardware (2003)

Recently, there has been considerable interest in providing "trusted computing platforms" using hardware~---~TCPA and Palladium being the most publicly visible examples. In this paper we discuss our experience with building such a platform using a traditional time-sharing operating system executing on XOM~---~a processor architecture that provides copy protection and tamper-resistance functions. In XOM, only the processor is trusted; main memory and the operating system are not trusted.Our operating system (XOMOS) manages hardware resources for applications that don't trust it. This requires a division of responsibilities between the operating system and hardware that is unlike previous systems. We describe techniques for providing traditional operating systems services in this context.Since an implementation of a XOM processor does not exist, we use SimOS to simulate the hardware. We modify IRIX 6.5, a commercially available operating system to create xomos. We are then able to analyze the performance and implementation overheads of running an untrusted operating system on trusted hardware.