gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Thrust Loads on Piping From Blowdown Stacks to Silencers at a Remote Distance Away (2020)

Abstract Current trends in greenfield natural gas compression facilities and high-pressure gas transmission pipelines are designs for high pressure operation, e.g. PN150. At such high pressures, sound pressure level (SPL) of the noise generated during a planned blowdown can be as high as 165–175 dBA at 1 m distance away from the blowdown stack tip. Even double hearing protection would not be sufficient for an operator opening the blowdown valve at the blowdown assembly even for a short period of time. Blowdown silencers mounted on top of the blowdown stack are limited to the degree of noise suppression they offer (typically of the order of 30 to 40 dB), let alone the requirement for extensive support structures to hold the massive weight on the stack top. One innovation to alleviate this issue, is to place a silencer on a skid on a ground-level pad/support system, at a sufficient distance away from the blowdown stack. In this way, the blowdown valve operator would be exposed to a much lower SPL, as well as the silencer can be as large as desired being skid mounded on the ground. The main issue to be addressed is the dynamic thrust loads That would otherwise be afflicted on the various pipe segments of the piping connecting the blowdown stack top to the location of the blowdown silencer located distance away. Clearly this piping will include several above ground pipe segments, bends, tees and fittings that need to be adequately supported to withstand the dynamic loads as the blowdown valve opens. This paper presents a model approach based on solving the temporal-spatial governing equations in the form of 1-D hyperbolic differential equations, with boundary conditions accounting for the blowdown valve size and type, trim characteristics and opening time, upstream gas pressure and temperature, and downstream restriction equivalent orifice size at the inlet to the blowdown silencer. Results are presented for a case study of a single and dual blowdown assemblies equipped with reduced-bore ball valves (8″ × 6″), with lead piping of NPS 8 joining into NPS 12 header and finally splitting into two ground mounted silencers some 30 meters away. Thrust loads at each segment of these connecting piping were found to depend on whether one or dual blowdown valves are open simultaneously, upstream pressure, and more importantly the location of the choke point (Mach = 1) whether at the blowdown valve itself or at the silencer inlet diffuser orifice. The later was found to be the most critical parameter. The most important objective when designing such a system is to ensure that the choke point is at the silencer inlet orifice to minimize thrust loading on the blowdown valve(s) as well as along the entire lead piping.
Production of the ρ(770)0 meson in pp and Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76TeV (2019)

The production of the ( The particles have been reconstructed in the (770) 0 + -decay channel in the transverse-momentum (p T ) range 0.5-11 GeV/c. A centrality-dependent suppression of the ratio of the integrated yields 2(770) 0 /( + + -) is observed. The ratio decreases by 40% from pp to central Pb-Pb collisions. A study of the p T -differential 2( At higher momentum, particle ratios measured in heavy-ion and pp collisions are consistent. The observed suppression is very similar to that previously measured for the K * (892) 0 /K ratio and is consistent with EPOS3 predictions that may imply that rescattering in the hadronic phase is a dominant mechanism for the observed suppression.
Baseline Susceptibility and Evidence of Resistance to Acetamiprid in Gill’s Mealybug, Ferrisia gilli Gullan (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) (2023)

Gill's mealybug, Ferrisia gilli (Gullan) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a major pest of pistachio in California. Insecticide treatment is the primary control method and acetamiprid is widely used to control this pest. However, there have been numerous reports of control failures for F. gilli after field applications of recommended insecticides in recent years. The purpose of this study was to develop a method for routine monitoring of F. gilli susceptibility and quantify current levels of F. gilli susceptibility to acetamiprid. A leaf-dip bioassay method using lima bean leaves was established and baseline susceptibility responses of 5 field populations were determined. Lethal concentrations to kill 50% of population (LC50) for second instar nymphs at 48 h ranged from 0.367 to 2.398 µg(AI)ml-1 of acetamiprid. Similarly, lethal concentrations to kill 90% of population (LC90) for second instar nymphs at 48 h ranged from 2.887 to 10.752 µg(AI)ml-1 of acetamiprid. The F. gilli population collected from Hanford area showed up to 6.5-fold significantly decreased mortality to acetamiprid compared to other populations. The resistance identified in this study, although relatively low, indicates that there has been repeated pressure to select for acetamiprid resistance and resistance levels can further magnify if effective management steps are not taken. The baseline susceptibility established in this study can be used to investigate potential cause of recent acetamiprid failures against F. gilli. In the long-term, results of this study will support the development of resistance management strategies by monitoring shifts in the susceptibility of F. gilli populations.
Preface (2010)

Multimodality molecular imaging is a combination of imaging strategies that are playing an increasing role in all biological, biomedical, and clinical fields. Molecular imaging can be used to study a whole variety of molecular events in cells, tissues, organs, and the whole body of living organisms. This includes detecting and measuring the levels of mRNA, proteins, enzymes, and protein-protein interactions. Additionally, molecular imaging can be used to detect intracellular metabolic events, the presence and quantity of specific cells within tissues, and changes in cell characteristics through time. Adding to the power of molecular imaging is the fact that many of these techniques can be applied non-invasively in living subjects, allowing repetitive interrogation of molecular events within intact systems.
Enhanced Reconstruction of Spatially Incoherent Digital Holograms Using Synthetic Point Spread Holograms (2021)

Coded aperture imaging (CAI) methods offer multidimensional and multispectral imaging capabilities with minimal resources than what is needed in a lens-based direct imager. In the CAI method, the light diffracted from an object is modulated by a coded mask, and the resulting intensity distribution is recorded. Most of the CAI techniques involve two steps: the recording of the point spread function (PSF) and object intensity under identical conditions and with the same coded mask. The image of the object is reconstructed by computationally processing the PSF and object intensity. The above recording and reconstruction procedure precludes the introduction of special beam characteristics in imaging, such as a direct imager. In this study, a postprocessing approach is developed, where synthetic PSFs capable of introducing special beam characteristics when processed with the object intensity are generated using an iterative algorithm. The method is applied to generate edge-enhanced images in both CAI as well as Fresnel incoherent correlation holography methods.
Biomechanical comparison of graft structures in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (2016)

Although 3S restored laxities to a similar extent to DB, significant superiority over SB surgery was not observed. Although statistically significant differences were found between SB and DB surgery during anterior tibial and simulated pivot-shift loading, both remained similar to the native knee. The clinical relevance is that this study did not support an ACL graft construct more complex than an anatomic single bundle.
First no‐carrier‐added radioselenation of an adenosine‐A1 receptor ligand (2004)

Abstract The precursor synthesis and the no‐carrier‐added (n.c.a.) radiosynthesis of the adenosine‐A 1 receptor ligand 5′‐(methyl[ 75 Se]seleno)‐ N 6 ‐cyclopentyladenosine ([ 75 Se] 1 ) are described in this report. A method was developed starting from elemental n.c.a. selenium‐75, followed by a three‐step polymer‐supported radioselenation and deprotection which gave the radioligand with a radiochemical yield of 30%, a radiochemical purity of &gt; 99% and a specific radioactivity of &gt; 300 GBq/mmol (8 Ci/mmol). Preparation time was 40 min. The nonradioactive compound 5′‐(methylseleno)‐ N 6 ‐cyclopentyladenosine ( 1 ) was pharmacologically evaluated in vitro and showed high affinity and selectivity for the adenosine‐A 1 receptor. These preliminary results suggest that this compound could be a useful radioligand for the noninvasive imaging of the brain adenosine‐A 1 receptors using positron emission tomography (PET) when labelled with the positron emitter selenium‐73 (half‐life: 7.1 h). Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Luminal cholinergic signalling in airway lining fluid: a novel mechanism for activating chloride secretion via Ca2+‐dependent Cl‐and K+channels (2012)

The presence of luminal ACh and activation of transepithelial ion currents by luminal ACh receptors identifies a novel non-neuronal cholinergic pathway in the airway lining fluid. This pathway could represent a novel drug target in the airways.
Direct visualizing of paracetamol immediate release tablet disintegration in vivo and in vitro (2022)

The purpose of the present study was to study tablet disintegration by direct visualization, in vivo and in vitro. Based on literature data, a standard conventional paracetamol (CP) tablet, Panodil®, and a rapidly absorbed paracetamol (RP) tablet, Panodil® Zapp, were chosen as model systems to study tablet disintegration in the human stomach. Based on the obtained in vivo results, an in vitro disintegration method was designed to reproduce the visualized disintegration process occurring in the human stomach. For the clinical study, CP and RP tablets fastened to digital endoscopic camera capsules were administered to fasted human volunteers (n = 4). The disintegration time and process were visualized by the real time video recordings, using the endoscopic camera capsule. The average disintegration time was found to be 26 ± 13 min and 10 ± 7 min, for CP (n = 4) and RP (n = 4) tablets, respectively. It was possible to reproduce the in vivo disintegration data in vitro using a USP 2 dissolution apparatus with 250 mL of viscous Fasted State Simulated Gastric Fluid (vFaSSGF*), simulating the rheological profile of human fasted state gastric fluid following administration of a glass of water. The viscosity of the simulated fasted state gastric fluid was found to have a large impact on the disintegration time of the tested immediate release tablets. Therefore, it is recommended to mimic gastric fluid viscosity during in vitro tablet disintegration studies.
Left Atrial Appendage and Closure (2016)

Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation have a 4- to 5-fold increase in strokes and that rhythm may be responsible for 15% to 20% of all strokes, particularly in the elderly. In this setting, thrombus in the left atrial appendage has been found to be the source of stroke in 90% of cases. Although oral anticoagulants have been found effective in reducing stroke rates, for a variety of issues, they may only be used in 40% to 50% of patients at increased risk for stroke. Given pathophysiology of stroke, site-specific therapy directed at left atrial appendage occlusion has been now studied for stroke prevention, and one device is FDA approved (Watchman). A meta-analysis of 2 randomized clinical trials and 2 registries with this device documented the following: (1) patients receiving the device had significantly fewer hemorrhagic strokes (hazard ratio 0.22, P=0.004); (2) a significant reduction in cardiovascular or unexplained death (hazard ratio 0.48, P=0.004); (3) more ischemic strokes in the device group; however, when periprocedural events were excluded, the difference was not significant; and (4) a significant reduction in nonprocedural bleeding with the device (hazard ratio 0.51, P=0.006) versus control. At present, the only device approved in the United States is indicated in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation with acceptable anatomy who are at increased risk for stroke and would be candidates for anticoagulation in whom there is concern about the risk/benefit ratio for chronic anticoagulation. Unresolved issues include optimal patient selection criteria, the role of devices in patients in whom anticoagulation is contraindicated, and the relative role of novel oral anticoagulants versus the device which has not been tested in randomized trials.
Comparison of Filters for Concentrating Microbial Indicators and Pathogens in Lake Water Samples (2012)

Bacterial indicators are used to indicate increased health risk from pathogens and to make beach closure and advisory decisions; however, beaches are seldom monitored for the pathogens themselves. Studies of sources and types of pathogens at beaches are needed to improve estimates of swimming-associated health risks. It would be advantageous and cost-effective, especially for studies conducted on a regional scale, to use a method that can simultaneously filter and concentrate all classes of pathogens from the large volumes of water needed to detect pathogens. In seven recovery experiments, stock cultures of viruses and protozoa were seeded into 10-liter lake water samples, and concentrations of naturally occurring bacterial indicators were used to determine recoveries. For the five filtration methods tested, the highest median recoveries were as follows: glass wool for adenovirus (4.7%); NanoCeram for enterovirus (14.5%) and MS2 coliphage (84%); continuous-flow centrifugation (CFC) plus Virocap (CFC+ViroCap) for Escherichia coli (68.3%) and Cryptosporidium (54%); automatic ultrafiltration (UF) for norovirus GII (2.4%); and dead-end UF for Enterococcus faecalis (80.5%), avian influenza virus (0.02%), and Giardia (57%). In evaluating filter performance in terms of both recovery and variability, the automatic UF resulted in the highest recovery while maintaining low variability for all nine microorganisms. The automatic UF was used to demonstrate that filtration can be scaled up to field deployment and the collection of 200-liter lake water samples.
Design of Eddy Current Testing Probe for Surface Defect Evaluation (2019)

Early detection of defects in metallic components used in infrastructure is crucial to ensure their safety and reliability. This paper presents a development of a small eddy current testing (ECT) probe for evaluation of sub-millimetre surface defects. The ECT probe is developed in a planar differential using sensitive anisotropy magnetoresistance sensors, and the signal amplification is achieved by a home-made instrumentation amplifier. The developed ECT probe is evaluated by performing phase sensitive measurement of the magnetic responses of sub-millimetre surface slits at the excitation field of 200 Hz and 10 kHz. Compared to the real component of the magnetic response, the imaginary component can be used to identify the existence and position of the slits based on the signal intensity change caused by the induced eddy current. The spatial distribution of the magnetic response measured by the ECT probe can be used to estimate the dimension of the slit. It is expected that the developed ECT probe can be utilised for assessment of sub-millimetre surface defect.
Intrauterine Acoustics Embedded Active Noise Controller (2007)

This paper presents a pioneering healthcare application of active noise control (ANC)-the intrauterine acoustics embedded ANC system for reducing noise levels inside infant incubators in neonatal intensive care units. Incorporating intrauterine audio with incubators has proven medical benefits. However it is necessary to develop an ANC system to optimize the benefits of the integration. A computer model utilizing measured transfer functions from an experimental setup is developed for simulations using real medical equipment noise. An average cancellation of 16 dB was observed. The simulation of the audio integrated ANC system produced optimal results and the system was validated to be robust and efficient.
Explorative Sonophotocatalytic Study of C-H Arylation Reaction of Pyrazoles Utilizing a Novel Sonophotoreactor for Green and Sustainable Organic Synthesis (2022)

The development of a mild, general, and green method for the C-H arylation of pyrazoles with relatively unreactive aryl halides is an ongoing challenge in organic synthesis. We describe herein a novel sonophotoreactor based on an ultrasonic cleaning bath and blue LED light (visible light) that induce copper-catalyzed monoarylation for pharmacologically relevant pyrazoles. The hybrid effect of ultrasonic irradiation and blue LED is discussed to interpret the observed synergistic action. A broad array of pyrazoles coupled with iodobenzene avoids expensive palladium metal or salts, and certain designed substrates were attained. Only comparatively inexpensive copper(I)iodide and 1,10-phenanthroline were used all together as the catalyst. The presented technique is a greener way to create C-H arylation of pyrazoles. It significantly reduces the amount of energy needed.
Self-assembly of taper-shaped monoesters of oligo(ethylene oxide) with 3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzoic acid and of their polymethacrylates into tubular supramolecular architectures displaying a columnar hexagonal mesophase (1994)

The synthesis of the monoesters of oligo(ethylene oxide) and octane-1,8-diol with 3,4,5-tris(n-alkan-1-yloxy)benzoic acids and of their corresponding polymethacrylates is described. The LiCF3SO3 complexes of the monoesters of triethylene glycol with 3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)-benzoic acid (3-12-3), and with 3,4,5-tris(n-octadecan-1-yloxy)benzoic acid (3-18-3), as well as the polymethacrylates of the monoesters of mono-(5-12-1),di-(5-12-2), tri-(5-12-3) and tetra-(5-12-4) ethylene glycol with 3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzoic acid self-assemble into a cylindrical supramolecular architecture which displays a columnar hexagonal (Φh) mesophase. This cylindrical supramolecular architecture was characterized by a combination of techniques including differential scanning calorimetry, wide- and small-angle X-ray scattering, thermal optical polarized microscopy, and molecular modelling. The characterization results suggest a model that resembles the cylindrical architecture that forms by the self-assembly of low molar mass and polymerized inverse micelles. A cross-section of the cylindrical assembly is constituted of about five molecules of 3-12-3 in its LiCF3SO3 complex or about four to five repeats units of 5-12-n with their oligooxyethylenic segments melted and segregated in the inner core of the cylinder and their melted alkyl tails radiating towards the periphery of the cylinder. The driving force for the cylindrical self-assembly is provided by a fine balance of exo- and endo-recognition processes. Exo-recognition is the result of the tapered shape and hydrophobic character of the 3,4,5-tris(n-dodecan-1-yloxy)benzoate group. Endo-recognition is generated by either the combination of dipolar and ionic interactions of the oligo(ethylene oxide) receptor (LiCF3SO3 complex of 3-12-3) or the combination of dipolar interactions and covalent bonding (5-12-n). The necessity of the presence of endo-recognition for the self-assembly of the cylindrical supramolecular architecture is demonstrated by the replacement of the oligo(ethylene oxide) receptor by a non-polar aliphatic spacer. Comparison between the ‘molecular’ polymethacrylate backbone (in 5-12-3) and the ‘supramolecular polymer backbone’(formed via ionic interactions in the complex of 3-12-3) indicates that in this particular example, the ionic interactions generated by the dissolved ion-pairs stabilize the supramolecular assembly to a greater extent than does the covalent bonding.
Survival and Causes of Death in Cirrhotic and in Noncirrhotic Patients with Primary Hemochromatosis (1985)

We analyzed survival and causes of death among 163 patients with primary hemochromatosis diagnosed between 1959 and 1983. The mean follow-up period was 10.5 +/- 5.6 years (+/- S.D.). Cumulative survival was 92 per cent at 5 years, 76 per cent at 10 years, 59 per cent at 15 years, and 49 per cent at 20 years. Life expectancy was reduced in patients with cirrhosis of the liver as compared with those without cirrhosis (P less than or equal to 0.05), in patients with diabetes mellitus as compared with those without diabetes (P less than or equal to 0.002), and in patients who could not be depleted of iron during the first 18 months of venesection therapy as compared with those who could be depleted (P less than or equal to 0.001). Prognosis was not influenced by sex (P less than or equal to 0.5). Patients without cirrhosis had a life expectancy that was not different from that expected in an age- and sex-matched normal population. Analysis of the causes of death in 53 patients, as compared with the normal population, showed that liver cancer was 219 times more frequent among the patients (16 patients), cardiomyopathy was 306 times more frequent (3 patients), liver cirrhosis was 13 times more frequent (10 patients), and diabetes mellitus was 7 times more frequent (3 patients). Death rates for other causes, including extrahepatic carcinomas (seven patients), were not different from the rates expected. We conclude that patients with hemochromatosis diagnosed in the precirrhotic stage and treated by venesection have a normal life expectancy, whereas cirrhotic patients have a shortened life expectancy and a high risk of liver cancer even when complete iron depletion has been achieved.
A model-based framework for fast dynamic image sampling (2014)

In many applications, it is critical to be able to sample the most informative pixels of an image first; and then once these pixels are sampled, the highest fidelity image can be reconstructed. Optimized sampling strategies generally fall into two categories: static and dynamic. In dynamic sampling, each new sample is chosen by using information obtained from previous samples. In this way, dynamic sampling offers the potential of much greater fidelity, but at the cost of greater complexity. Existing methods for dynamic non-uniform sampling of images are based on the intuition that sampling rates should be greatest in locations of greatest variation, but recent developments in the theory of optimal experimental design offer a theoretical framework for optimal sampling based on the use of a formal Bayesian prior model. In this paper, we introduce a fast dynamic image sampling framework based on Bayesian experimental design (BED). The method, which we call model-based dynamic sampling (MBDS) allows for the use of a general prior distribution for the image, and it incorporates a pixel-wise sampling constraint in the BED framework. The MBDS works by first generating L stochastic samples (i.e., images) from the posterior distribution given the current measurements, and then selecting the pixel with the greatest posterior variance. We also introduce a computationally efficient method for computing the stochastic samples through a local updating technique.