gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Collapse behavior and forces of multistack nanolines (2009)

Two types of multistack nanolines (MNLs), Si-substrate (Si)/siliconoxynitride (SiON)/amorphous Si (a-Si)/ SiO(2) and Si/ SiO(2) /polycrystalline Si (poly-Si)/ SiO(2) were used to measure the collapse force and to investigate their collapse behavior by an atomic force microscope (AFM). The Si/SiON/a-Si/ SiO(2) MNL showed a larger length of fragment in the collapse patterns at a smaller collapse force. The Si/ SiO(2) /poly-Si/ SiO(2) MNL, however, demonstrated a smaller length of fragment at a higher applied collapse force. The collapse forces increased by the square of the linewidth in both Si/SiON/a-Si/ SiO(2) and Si/SiO(2) /poly-Si/ SiO(2) MNLs. Once an AFM tip touches an Si/SiON/a-Si/ SiO(2) line, which is a softer MNL, it was delaminated first at the Si/SiON interface. One end of the delaminated line was first broken and then the other end was bent until it was broken. A harder MNL, Si/ SiO(2) /poly-Si/ SiO(2), however, was broken at two ends simultaneously after the delamination occurred at the Si/ SiO(2) /poly-Si interface. The different collapse behaviors were attributed to the magnitude of adhesion forces at the stack material interfaces and the mechanical strength of MNLs.
Modeling of low pressure plasma sources for microelectronics fabrication (2017)

Chemically reactive plasmas operating in the 1 mTorr–10 Torr pressure range are widely used for thin film processing in the semiconductor industry. Plasma modeling has come to play an important role in the design of these plasma processing systems. A number of 3-dimensional (3D) fluid and hybrid plasma modeling examples are used to illustrate the role of computational investigations in design of plasma processing hardware for applications such as ion implantation, deposition, and etching. A model for a rectangular inductively coupled plasma (ICP) source is described, which is employed as an ion source for ion implantation. It is shown that gas pressure strongly influences ion flux uniformity, which is determined by the balance between the location of plasma production and diffusion. The effect of chamber dimensions on plasma uniformity in a rectangular capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) is examined using an electromagnetic plasma model. Due to high pressure and small gap in this system, plasma uniformity is found to be primarily determined by the electric field profile in the sheath/pre-sheath region. A 3D model is utilized to investigate the confinement properties of a mesh in a cylindrical CCP. Results highlight the role of hole topology and size on the formation of localized hot-spots. A 3D electromagnetic plasma model for a cylindrical ICP is used to study inductive versus capacitive power coupling and how placement of ground return wires influences it. Finally, a 3D hybrid plasma model for an electron beam generated magnetized plasma is used to understand the role of reactor geometry on plasma uniformity in the presence of E × B drift.
Optimizing Periodic Response of Piezo-Driven, Nonlinear, Buckled Beams (2017)

Many times, nonlinearities are seen as a burden in the design process as they can result in unpredictable and extremely sensitive response. As such, engineers make design changes to effectively minimize or completely eliminate the nonlinear behavior. In this paper, the periodic response of a buckled beams under piezo-excitation is considered. An optimization approach, as first demonstrated in [1], is utilized that achieves maximum amplitude, periodic, and stable responses of the beam systems. Case studies are presented that demonstrate the utility of this optimization approach to exploit the nonlinear dynamics to achieve desired responses.
Structural Analysis of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Porous Silica Utilizing Nano-CT and Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy (2019)

Journal Article Structural Analysis of Liquid Metal Catalysts in Porous Silica Utilizing Nano-CT and Analytical Transmission Electron Microscopy Get access Janis Wirth, Janis Wirth Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Corresponding authors: janis.wirth@fau.de, erdmann.spiecker@fau.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Silvan Englisch, Silvan Englisch Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Christian Wiktor, Christian Wiktor Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nicola Taccardi, Nicola Taccardi Chair of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri, Benjamin Apeleo Zubiri Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Peter Wasserscheid, Peter Wasserscheid Chair of Chemical Reaction Engineering, Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Erdmann Spiecker Erdmann Spiecker Institute of Micro- and Nanostructure Research (IMN) & Center for Nanoanalysis and Electron Microscopy (CENEM), Friedrich-Alexander University, Erlangen, Germany Corresponding authors: janis.wirth@fau.de, erdmann.spiecker@fau.de Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 25, Issue S2, 1 August 2019, Pages 422–423, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619002848 Published: 01 August 2019
EXPLORINGTRADEOFFSINACCURACY,ENERGY AND LATENCYOF SCALEINVARIANTFEATURETRANSFORM INWIRELESSCAMERA NETWORKS (2007)

identify objects intheenvironment. Thesensor extracts SIFT Advances inDSPtechnology create important avenues ofre- features fromtheimages andmatches themtothefeatures of search forembedded vision. Onesuch avenue istheinvestiga- theobject(s) ofinterest through application ofalocal Suption oftradeoffs amongst system parameters whichaffect the port Vector Machine (SVM). Byusing SIFTfeatures which energy, accuracy, andlatency oftheoverall system. Thispa- areinvariant toscale, rotation andsubstantial range ofaffine perreports workonbenchmarking theperformance andcost distortion andvarying illumination, thesensor nodecanreliofScale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) forvisual clas-ablyidentify objects inacluttered oroccluded environment. sification onaBlackfin DSPprocessor. Through measure-Whilelocal SVM requires atraining phase, weassume that mentsandmodeling ofthecamera sensor node, weinvestigate theSVM onthecamera sensor istrained initially andrather system performance (classification accuracy, latency, energyfocus ontheobject classification problem. consumption) inlight ofimage resolution, arithmetic preci- Tostudy theperformance andcost oftheSIFTbased sension, location ofprocessing (local vs.server-side), andpro- soragainst various system parameters, wemodelacamera cessor speed. A casestudy oncounting eggsduring avian sensor whichconsists ofaBlackfin DSPprocessor [3], alownesting season isusedtoexperimentally determine thetrade-powerCMOS imagesensor, an802.15.4 CC2420radio and offs ofdifferent design parameters anddiscuss implications acquisition andprocessing memory. Wehavechosen theBlacktoother application domains.
Removal of the Side Chain at the Active-Site Serine by a Glycine Substitution Increases the Stability of a Wide Range of Serine β-Lactamases by Relieving Steric Strain (2016)

Serine β-lactamases are bacterial enzymes that hydrolyze β-lactam antibiotics. They utilize an active-site serine residue as a nucleophile, forming an acyl-enzyme intermediate during hydrolysis. In this study, thermal denaturation experiments as well as X-ray crystallography were performed to test the effect of substitution of the catalytic serine with glycine on protein stability in serine β-lactamases. Six different enzymes comprising representatives from each of the three classes of serine β-lactamases were examined, including TEM-1, CTX-M-14, and KPC-2 of class A, P99 of class C, and OXA-48 and OXA-163 of class D. For each enzyme, the wild type and a serine-to-glycine mutant were evaluated for stability. The glycine mutants all exhibited enhanced thermostability compared to that of the wild type. In contrast, alanine substitutions of the catalytic serine in TEM-1, OXA-48, and OXA-163 did not alter stability, suggesting removal of the Cβ atom is key to the stability increase associated with the glycine mutants. The X-ray crystal structures of P99 S64G, OXA-48 S70G and S70A, and OXA-163 S70G suggest that removal of the side chain of the catalytic serine releases steric strain to improve enzyme stability. Additionally, analysis of the torsion angles at the nucleophile position indicates that the glycine mutants exhibit improved distance and angular parameters of the intrahelical hydrogen bond network compared to those of the wild-type enzymes, which is also consistent with increased stability. The increased stability of the mutants indicates that the enzyme pays a price in stability for the presence of a side chain at the catalytic serine position but that the cost is necessary in that removal of the serine drastically impairs function. These findings support the stability-function hypothesis, which states that active-site residues are optimized for substrate binding and catalysis but that the requirements for catalysis are often not consistent with the requirements for optimal stability.
Effect of Number of Revolutions on Shear Strain Distribution in Specimen Processed by Compressive Torsion Processing (2016)

Compressive torsion processing (CTP) can cause huge shear strain in a cylindrical workpiece by simultaneous compressive and torsional loading without changing the cylindrical shape. In the present work, the distribution of shear strain in a specimen subjected to CTP was measured in a model experiment using two kinds of aluminum alloys, and the effect of the number of revolutions on the strain distribution was investigated. Internal shear strain of the worked specimen can be quantified by measuring the displacement of the interface between the two kinds of alloys in the cross section. The shear strain in the worked specimen has a gradient distribution not only in the radial direction owing to the geometric feature, but also in the axial direction because of the frictional constraint of the container. However, the measured shear strain was almost in agreement with value predicted by geometric calculation. The shear strain distributions were proportional to the radius and number of revolutions in the part of less than 15 mm in radius of a cylindrical specimen 41 mm in diameter and 10 mm in height.
In Vitro , In Silico , and In Vivo Analyses of Novel Aromatic Amidines against Trypanosoma cruzi (2017)

Five bis-arylimidamides were assayed as anti-<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i> agents by <i>in vitro</i>, <i>in silico</i>, and <i>in vivo</i> approaches. None were considered to be pan-assay interference compounds. They had a favorable pharmacokinetic landscape and were active against trypomastigotes and intracellular forms, and in combination with benznidazole, they gave no interaction. The most selective agent (28SMB032) tested <i>in vivo</i> led to a 40% reduction in parasitemia (0.1 mg/kg of body weight/5 days intraperitoneally) but without mortality protection. <i>In silico</i> target fishing suggested DNA as the main target, but ultrastructural data did not match.
Merlin/NF2 Regulates Angiogenesis in Schwannomas through a Rac1/Semaphorin 3F-Dependent Mechanism (2012)

Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) is an autosomal-dominant multiple neoplasia syndrome that results from mutations in the NF2 tumor suppressor gene. Patients with NF2 develop hallmark schwannomas that require surgery or radiation, both of which have significant adverse effects. Recent studies have indicated that the tumor microenvironment-in particular, tumor blood vessels-of schwannomas may be an important therapeutic target. Furthermore, although much has been done to understand how merlin, the NF2 gene product, functions as a tumor suppressor gene in schwannoma cells, the functional role of merlin in the tumor microenvironment and the mechanism(s) by which merlin regulates angiogenesis to support schwannoma growth is largely unexplored. Here we report that the expression of semaphorin 3F (SEMA3F) was specifically downregulated in schwannoma cells lacking merlin/NF2. When we reintroduced SEMA3F in schwannoma cells, we observed normalized tumor blood vessels, reduced tumor burden, and extended survival in nude mice bearing merlin-deficient brain tumors. Next, using chemical inhibitors and gene knockdown with RNA interference, we found that merlin regulated expression of SEMA3F through Rho GTPase family member Rac1. This study shows that, in addition to the tumor-suppressing activity of merlin, it also functions to maintain physiological angiogenesis in the nervous system by regulating antiangiogenic factors such as SEMA3F. Restoring the relative balance of proangiogenic and antiangiogenic factors, such as increases in SEMA3F, in schwannoma microenvironment may represent a novel strategy to alleviate the clinical symptoms of NF2-related schwannomas.
Comparison of Endwall Loss Reduction Techniques in a High-Lift Turbine Passage (2020)

Abstract The development of techniques that reduce the losses in the endwall region is an important area of research as it supports an increase in the turbine design space through the use of higher lift blade designs while maintaining high efficiency. Several active and passive shape contouring methods that reduce losses generated by the secondary flow have been developed and investigated on a high-lift front-loaded LP turbine research profile in a low-speed linear cascade configuration. This paper summarizes and compares alterations to the three-dimensional secondary flow field by the application of three different techniques: blade profile contouring, optimized endwall shape contouring, and localized low mass coefficient jets. Each method was applied to identical research blade profiles and compared in the same linear cascade wind tunnel resulting in a unique perspective into the loss reduction mechanisms associated with each technique. The design strategy will be discussed along with a detailed description of changes to the secondary flow field using in- and out-of-passage total pressure loss measurements and high-speed stereoscopic particle image velocimetry. The key findings include the loss reduction mechanisms associated with each approach and the manipulation of key endwall flow structures such as the passage vortex and a strong suction surface corner separation.
Modeling of photoinduced charge separation in germanosilicate optical fibers during UV-excited poling (2000)

We report numerical solutions of a proposed model for charge separation and trapping during poling of germanosilicate fiber in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light. The model was solved quantitatively in the steady state to determine the space charge field distribution after UV-excited poling of a germanosilicate optical fiber with internal electrodes. The resulting internal electric field was found to be up to an order of magnitude higher than the initial poling field, sufficient to produce an effective second-order nonlinearity consistent with experimental observations by the internal field acting on the inherent third-order nonlinearity. The effects of core-cathode spacing, nonuniform defect distributions, and photo-electron recombination rate on the induced /spl chi//sub eff//sup (2)/ were also investigated. It is shown that a small core-cathode spacing is advantageous. Our UV-poled field solutions may also apply to thermal poling, provided we swap the anode and cathode designations. The results suggest that it is optimal to have the core located in the depletion region regardless of poling method.
Mechanical Behavior of Apricot and Cherry Pits under Compression Loading (2019)

This study was conducted to investigate the mechanical behavior of apricot and cherry pits under compression loading along the three axial dimensions of the pits. The mechanical behavior was expressed in terms of force required to rupture of the pit, deformation at rupture point, deformation ratio (strain), energy absorbed and toughness. Also; masses and geometrical properties (axial dimensions, geometric mean diameter, sphericity and volume) of these pits were determined. These properties are necessary to design of cracking machines and knowledge amount of force and energy requirements for cracking operation. All experiments were carried out at moisture content of 9.81 and 12.92 %, (d.b.) for apricot and cherry pits, resp. The results showed that; the highest values of rupture force, deformation and energy required to crack the apricot pit were at loading position through the length axis, while; the lowest values were through the width axis, whereas; the highest values of rupture force, deformation and energy required to crack the cherry pit were at loading position through the thickness axis, while; the lowest values were through the width axis. In conclusion; the results obtained of the mechanical behavior of apricot and cherry pits indicated that; the compression through the width axis can be recommended for cracking process with minimum force and energy requirements.
Restoration of LDL Receptor Activity in Mutant Cells by Intercellular Junctional Communication (1987)

Exchange of small molecules between cells through intercellular junctions is a widespread phenomenon implicated in many physiological and developmental processes. This type of intercellular communication can restore the activity of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in mammalian cells that are deficient in the enzyme UDP-Gal/UDP-GalNAc 4-epimerase. Pure cultures of the 4-epimerase mutant are unable to synthesize normal carbohydrate chains on LDL receptors and many other glycoproteins and therefore do not express LDL receptor activity. When these cells are cocultivated with cells expressing normal 4-epimerase activity, the structure and function of LDL receptors are restored to normal by the transfer of this enzyme's products through intercellular junctions. The formation of functional junctions does not require normal glycosylation of membrane proteins. Because many convenient assays and selections for LDL receptor activity are available, this mutant can provide a powerful new tool for biochemical and genetic studies of intercellular junctional communication.
Polymeric Biomaterials for In Vitro Cancer Tissue Engineering and Drug Testing Applications (2016)

Biomimetic polymers and materials have been widely used in tissue engineering for regeneration and replication of diverse types of both normal and diseased tissues. Cancer, being a prevalent disease throughout the world, has initiated substantial interest in the creation of tissue-engineered models for anticancer drug testing. The development of these in vitro three-dimensional (3D) culture models using novel biomaterials has facilitated the investigation of tumorigenic and associated biological phenomena with a higher degree of complexity and physiological context than that provided by established two-dimensional culture models. In this review, an overview of a wide range of natural, synthetic, and hybrid biomaterials used for 3D cancer cell culture and investigation of cancer cell behavior is presented. The role of these materials in modulating cell-matrix interactions and replicating specific tumorigenic characteristics is evaluated. In addition, recent advances in biomaterial design, synthesis, and fabrication are also assessed. Finally, the advantages of incorporating polymeric biomaterials in 3D cancer models for obtaining efficacy data in anticancer drug testing applications are highlighted.
Fuzzy Identity Based Encryption from Lattices. (2011)

Cryptosystems based on the hardness of lattice problems have recently acquired much importance due to their average-case to worst-case equivalence, their conjectured resistance to quantum cryptanalysis, their ease of implementation and increasing practicality, and, lately, their promising potential as a platform for constructing advanced functionalities. In this work, we construct “Fuzzy” Identity Based Encryption from the hardness of the standard Learning With Errors (LWE) problem. We give CPA and CCA secure variants of our construction, for small and large universes of attributes. All are secure against selective-identity attacks in the standard model. Our construction is made possible by observing certain special properties that secret sharing schemes need to satisfy in order to be useful for Fuzzy IBE. We discuss why further extensions are not as easy as they may seem. As such, ours is among the first examples of advancedfunctionality cryptosystem from lattices that goes “beyond IBE”. ∗UCLA. Research supported in part from a DARPA/ONR PROCEED award, and NSF grants 1118096, 1065276, 0916574 and 0830803. E-mail: shweta.a@gmail.com †PARC—Palo Alto Research Center. E-mail: xb@boyen.org ‡Microsoft Research and University of Toronto. E-mail: vinodv@alum.mit.edu §UCSD. E-mail: pvoulgar@cs.ucsd.edu ¶CUNY. E-mail: hoeteck@alum.mit.edu
A new nano-electro-mechanical field effect transistor (NEMFET) design for low-power electronics (2006)

An accumulation-mode design for nanometer-scale electromechanical-gate field effect transistors (NEMFETs) is proposed and studied via simulation. In the off state, the gate electrode is in contact with the thin gate dielectric and short-channel effects are effectively suppressed. In the on state, the gate electrode is separated from the thin gate dielectric so that the threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> is dynamically lowered and the transistor drive current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> is enhanced, and gate leakage is eliminated. The NEMFET can likely meet performance specifications for low-power applications at 25 nm gate length, and is attractive for scaled supply voltage operation
Healthcare of an organization: using wearable sensors and feedback system for energizing workers (2011)

A badge-shaped sensor and feedback system were developed. This system makes it possible to study human and organizational behavior in an office. By prompting changes in workers' behavior, it improves productivity as well as helps to solve individual's problems. Aiming to improve the productivity and quality of project management, the system was applied at a software development company. The results show that the system can improve the human communication process, as well as motivate workers by giving them the chance to reflect on their work styles and to help their colleagues.