gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copeptin: A Biomarker of Cardiovascular and Renal Function (2010)

Arginine vasopressin (AVP or antidiuretic hormone) is one of the key hormones in the human body responsible for a variety of cardiovascular and renal functions. It has so far escaped introduction into the routine clinical laboratory due to technical difficulties and preanalytical errors. Copeptin, the C-terminal part of the AVP precursor peptide, was found to be a stable and sensitive surrogate marker for AVP release. Copeptin behaves in a similar manner to mature AVP in the circulation, with respect to osmotic stimuli and hypotension. During the past years, copeptin measurement has been shown to be of interest in a variety of clinical indications, including cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, myocardial infarction, and stroke. This review summarizes the recent progress on the diagnostic use of copeptin in cardiovascular and renal diseases and discusses the potential use of copeptin measurement in the context of therapeutic interventions with vasopressin receptor antagonists.
Interfacial structure of photoresist thin films in developer solutions (2005)

A depth profile of the base developer counterion concentration within thin photoresist films was measured <i>in-situ</i> using contrast variant specular neutron reflectivity to characterize the initial swelling stage of the film dissolution. We find a substantial counterion depletion near the substrate and an enrichment near the periphery of the film extending into the solution. These observations challenge our understanding of the charge distribution in photoresist and polyelectrolyte films and are important for understanding film dissolution in medical and technological applications.
Additive Manufacturing of Multifunctional Components Using High Density Carbon Nanotube Yarn Filaments (2016)

Additive manufacturing allows for design freedom and part complexity not currently attainable using traditional manufacturing technologies. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), for example, can yield novel component geometries and functionalities because the method provides a high level of control over material placement and processing conditions. This is achievable by extrusion of a preprocessed filament feedstock material along a predetermined path. However if fabrication of a multifunctional part relies only on conventional filament materials, it will require a different material for each unique functionality printed into the part. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are an attractive material for many applications due to their high specific strength as well as good electrical and thermal conductivity. The presence of this set of properties in a single material presents an opportunity to use one material to achieve multifunctionality in an additively manufactured part. This paper describes a recently developed method for processing continuous CNT yarn filaments into three-dimensional articles, and summarizes the mechanical, electrical, and sensing performance of the components fabricated in this way.
Simulated‐annealing‐based optimization of coefficient and data word‐lengths in digital filters (1988)

Abstract The accurate characterization of worst‐case limit‐cycle behaviour and other finite word‐length effects in digital filters constitutes a challenging and important optimization application. Indeed, for a chip implementation this can lead to a significant reduction in the signal word‐length and hence to considerable savings in terms of the final chip area. This paper describes a new and accurate method for this investigation which is based on a simulated annealing procedure with a general scope. Novel methods for dynamically and efficiently updating the essential parameters of the annealing schedule keep the required CPU times reasonable. The quality of the results obtained with our optimization routine and the general applicability of our approach are further substantiated with some promising results for the quantization of coefficients in arbitrary digital filters.
Reciprocating optical modulation on Erbium doped LiNbO3 for harmonic generation (2007)

We demonstrated reciprocating optical modulation with Er-doped LiNbO3 for highorder sideband generation, where reciprocating modulation process can be selectively amplified. The sideband component of 50 GHz was successfully enhanced. The gain was 8 dB.
Rhythm is a Dancer: Music-Driven Motion Synthesis with Global Structure (2021)

Synthesizing human motion with a global structure, such as a choreography, is a challenging task. Existing methods tend to concentrate on local smooth pose transitions and neglect the global context or the theme of the motion. In this work, we present a music-driven motion synthesis framework that generates long-term sequences of human motions which are synchronized with the input beats, and jointly form a global structure that respects a specific dance genre. In addition, our framework enables generation of diverse motions that are controlled by the content of the music, and not only by the beat. Our music-driven dance synthesis framework is a hierarchical system that consists of three levels: pose, motif, and choreography. The pose level consists of an LSTM component that generates temporally coherent sequences of poses. The motif level guides sets of consecutive poses to form a movement that belongs to a specific distribution using a novel motion perceptual-loss. And the choreography level selects the order of the performed movements and drives the system to follow the global structure of a dance genre. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our music-driven framework to generate natural and consistent movements on various dance types, having control over the content of the synthesized motions, and respecting the overall structure of the dance.
SARS-CoV-2 variants and convalescent plasma: reality, fallacies, and opportunities (2021)

In recent months genomic characterization of pandemic SARS-CoV-2 isolates identified viral variants that are less susceptible to neutralization by convalescent plasma (CP), vaccine-elicited plasma/sera, or SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies than earlier SARS-CoV-2 strains. In this Viewpoint, Casadevall et al. argue against the causal association made in some press articles between the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and convalescent plasma use.
Destruction of polymer growth substrates for cell cultures in two‐photon microscopy (2005)

The choice of the growth substrate for cell cultures used in fluorescence microscopy is guided by several factors including the type of cells studied and the type of microscopy used. Usually, cells can be cultured on either polymer or glass substrates. One type of polymer, termed Aclar, presents several attractive features: the adhesive properties are better than those of glass, the optical properties are comparable to those of glass, it is biochemically inert, unbreakable, flexible and has a high surface tension, convenient for seeding cells on the cover slip. However, here we show that when imaging with two-photon microscopy, which is based on a femtosecond pulsed laser source, local damage of the Aclar substrate occurs, starting at an average intensity of 10(5) W cm(-2) at the focal point and for exposure times insufficient to cause cell damage. This leads to the appearance of gas bubbles on cultures plated on Aclar cover slips, which perturb the imaging. By contrast, this phenomenon does not occur on borosilicate cover slips, probably because of their different physical (thermal conductivity, absorbance, melting point) and material homogeneity properties. Thus, for cell culture applications using pulsed lasers with high intensities, the use of glass is preferable to Aclar. The results also reveal that substrates can be more susceptible to thermal damage than the cells themselves.
Ultrastructure of a murine mammary carcinoma exposed to hyperthermia in vivo. (1976)

The ultrastructural changes following local hyperthermic therapy was studied in a solid murine mammary carcinoma. A few hr after treatment, a pronounced lysosomal activity was observed in the cytoplasm of the tumor cells, together with mitochondrial destruction and disaggregation of the polyribosomes. Later, more destructive changes with intense cell shrinkage and cytoplasmic lysis occurred, and within 24 hr the entire cytoplasm of all the tumor cells was completely destroyed. In the nuclei shrinkage and condensation of heterochromatin were early features. The nucleoli were gradually degranulated, but with preservation of the fibrillary component. However, here, too, complete destruction occurred within the first few days after treatment. Cells in mitosis were also arrested and destroyed in the same way. The nonmalignant cells of the tumor tissue presented only minor reversible morphological changes, and within a few days the tumor area was replaced by ingrowth of fibroblasts and macrophages. The morphological changes are discussed in the light of our present knowledge of the hyperthermic effect on tumor cells. As regards the mechanism of hyperthermic destruction of solid tumors in vivo, the hypothesis is advanced that a primary, lysosomally conditioned, selective destruction of the malignant cells occurs and that this reaction is intensified by a high acidity in the tumor milieu.
VIBox - Virtualized Internets-in-a-box: A tool for network planning experimentation (2010)

The simplistic design of the original Internet is being slowly replaced by the presence of advanced middleboxes that are introduced in the network. While some of these middleboxes are transparent and passively monitor the network, others can directly affect the data traffic (e.g., content accelerators). Forecasting user and middlebox traffic patterns are usually done through oversimplified models and sometimes unrealistic assumptions. In this context, network planning and dimensioning has become a complicated and sophisticated task. Even though virtualization technology today allows one to build experimental networks that can aid the task of network planning, this is hindered by lack of adequate functions in existing virtualization platforms. Amongst those functions are the support for refined network configurations and modification of software and operating system configurations running inside a virtual machine. In this paper we present VIBox, a tool for network planning experimentation that aims at creating virtual networks in a simple and user-friendly way.
Cellular Senescence, Telomerase, and Cancer in Human Cells (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction-The Hayflick Limit Telomeres and Senescence Telomerase and Cancer Small Molecule and Oligonucleotide Telomerase Inhibitors Conclusions References
Heat and microbial treatments for nutritional upgrading of wheat straw (1986)

The ligninolytic activities of four cellulolytic organisms were compared using straw. Only Aspergillus japonicus and Polyporous versicolor appreciably degraded lignin with A. japonicus yielding the most protein. In solid culture, most protein was produced by P. versicolor, closely followed by A. japonicus. Pretreatment of the straw by hot water facilitated biodegradation and protein production. The nutritional value of the residual straw was also increased by some fungal cultures. The greatest amount of degradable polysaccharide in the straw was made available by A. japonicus in liquid media and Pleurotus ostreatus in solid media.
The Effect of Oxygen Concentration in Cleaning Process on Silicon Surface (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Phenyl β-Methoxyacrylates:  A New Antimalarial Pharmacophore (2000)

Phenyl beta-methoxyacrylates, linked to an aromatic ring via an olefinic bridge, have been identified as novel, potentially inexpensive, antimalarial agents. The compounds are believed to exert their activity by inhibition of mitochondrial electron transport at the cytochrome bc(1) complex. A series of compounds have been synthesized to define structure-activity relationships affecting antimalarial activity. It was found that the beta-methoxyacrylate was required ortho to the linker and the optimal bridge was (E,E)-butadiene. Compounds in which the second aromatic ring was ortho-substituted or ortho,para-disubstituted gave optimal potency. Several compounds were identified with potency that is superior to that of chloroquine both in culture and in a murine malaria model.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mixed Ligand Approach for the Asymmetric Hydrogenation of 2‐Substituted Pyridinium Salts. (2016)

Abstract The title reaction gives 2‐substituted piperidines with full conversion and good enantioselectivity using iridium as catalyst and a mixed ligand of a chiral monodentate phosphoramidite and an achiral phosphine.
Exploring Ternary Organic Solar Cells for the Improved Efficiency of 16.5% with the Compatible Nonacyclic Carbazole-Based Nonfullerene Acceptors as the Third Component (2021)

In this study, two dithieno[3,2-b]thiophenecyclopentacarbazole (DTTC)-based nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) named DTTC-4F-C8 and DTTC-4Cl-C9 are designed, synthesized, and incorporated as the second acceptors in PM6:Y6 binary blend to explore the performance of the ternary organic solar cells (OSCs). By incorporating a small amount of DTTC-4F-C8/DTTC-4Cl-C9 into the PM6:Y6 binary blend as the second acceptor, we achieved an elevated efficiency of 16.05%/16.55%, with simultaneously enhanced open-circuit voltage (VOC), short-circuit current-density (JSC), and fill factor (FF) values. Because of the compatibility differences between the second acceptor DTTC-4F-C8/DTTC-4Cl-C9 and the host materials PM6 and Y6, despite having comparable energy levels for the two NFAs, different photovoltaic performances are observed for the resultant ternary OSCs. The results indicate that the ternary OSCs incorporating carbazole-based NFAs DTTC-4F-C8/DTTC-4Cl-C9 as a second acceptor is a constructive method to enhance the performance of the PM6:Y6 binary host.
New gene for autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss maps to either chromosome 3q or 19p (1997)

Autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) is the most common form of prelingual inherited hearing impairment. A small consanguineous family with this disorder was ascertained through the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences in Madras, India. Conditions such as rubella, prematurity, drug use during pregnancy, perinatal trauma, and meningitis were eliminated by history. Audiometry was performed to confirm severe-to-profound hearing impairment in affected persons. After excluding linkage to known DFNB genes, two genomic DNA pools, one from the affected persons and the other from their non-affected siblings and the parents, were used to screen 165 polymorphic markers evenly spaced across the autosomal human genome. Two regions showing homozygosity-by-descent in the affected siblings were identified on chromosomes 3q21.3-q25.2 and 19p13.3-p13.1, identifying one (or possibly both) as the site of a novel ARNSHL gene.
LDV measurement and Navier-Stokes computation of parallel jet mixing in a rectangular confinement (1995)

Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) measurements were taken in a rectangular confinement into which issues a row of parallel jets. Two-component measurements were taken with two optics orientations yielding three mean velocity components and four Reynolds stress components. As observed in isolated three dimensional wall bounded jets, the transverse diffusion of the jets is quite large. The data indicates that this rapid mixing process is due to strong secondary flows, transport of large inlet intensities and Reynolds stress anisotropy effects. Navier-Stokes analyses of this configuration underpredict the rate of transverse jet diffusion. Detailed numerical accuracy studies show that this is attributed to shortcomings in low-Reynolds number two-equation turbulence modelling. A low-Reynolds number full-Reynolds stress model is shown to provide improvement.
Cavitation in shock wave lithotripsy: the critical role of bubble activity in stone breakage and kidney trauma (2004)

Objective: Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) is the use of shock waves to fragment kidney stones. We have undertaken a study of the physical mechanisms responsible for stone comminution and tissue injury in SWL. SWL was originally developed on the premise that stone fragmentation could be induced by a short duration, high amplitude positive pressure pulse. Even though the SWL waveform carries a prominent tensile component, it has long been thought that SW damage to stones could be explained entirely on the basis of mechanisms such as spallation, pressure gradients, and compressive fracture. We contend that not only is cavitation also involved in SWL, bubble activity plays a critical role in stone breakage and is a key mechanism in tissue damage. Methods: Our evidence is based upon a series of experiments in which we have suppressed or minimized cavitation, and discovered that both stone comminution and tissue injury is similarly suppressed or minimized. Some examples of these experiments are: (1) application of overpressure, (2) time reversal of acoustic waveform, (3) acoustically-transparent, cavitation-absorbing films, and (4) dual pulses. In addition, using passive and active ultrasound, we have observed the existence of cavitation, in vivo, and at the site of tissue injury. Results: Numerical and experimental results showed mitigation of bubble collapse intensity by time-reversing the lithotripsy pulse and in vivo treatment showed a corresponding drop from 6.1%/spl plusmn/1.7% to 0.0% in the hemorrhagic lesion. The time-reversed wave did not break stones. Stone comminution and hemolysis were reduced to levels very near sham levels with the application of hydrostatic pressure greater than the near 10-MPa amplitude of the negative pressure of the lithotripter shock wave. A Mylar sheet 3-mm from the stone surface did not inhibit erosion and internal cracking, but a sheet in contact with the stone did. In water, mass lost from stones in a dual pulse lithotripter is 8 times greater than with a single lithotripter, but in glycerol, which reduces the pressures generated in bubble implosion, the enhancement is lost. Conclusion: This cavitation-inclusive mechanistic understanding of SWL is gaining acceptance and has had clinical impact. Treatment at slower SW rate gives cavitation bubble clusters time to dissolve between pulses and increases comminution. Some SWL centers now treat patients at slower SW rate to take advantage of this effect. An elegant cavitation-aware strategy to reduce renal trauma in SWL is being tested in experimental animals. Starting treatment at low amplitude causes vessels to constrict and this interferes with cavitation-mediated vascular injury. Acceptance of the role of cavitation in SWL is beginning to be embraced by the lithotripter industry, as new dual - pulse lithotripters - based on the concept of cavitation control - have now been introduced.
Activity of the NEDD8-specific inhibitor MLN 4924 in multiple myeloma and Waldenström's macroglobulinemia, and effect on miRNA expression. (2010)

8110 Background: Bortezomib is an effective treatment for both multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenström Macroglobulinemia (WM), whose activity is attributed to blocking elimination of ubiquitin tagged regulatory proteins by the proteasome. The NEDD8-inhibitor MLN4924 is a novel agent which demonstrates selective inhibition of the ubiquitin pathway and may offer a more targeted approach to MM and WM therapy. Methods: A panel of human MM and WM cell lines were tested for their in vitro response to MLN 4924 using MTT colorimetric survival assays. MM and WM cell lines tested exhibited dose and time dependent decrease of their viability upon exposure to MLN4924 (IC50= 25-150 nM for 72hrs). Results: A longitudinal assessment of viability of MM1S (MM) and BCWM1 (WM) cells during a 72-hr incubation with MLN4924 (500nM) showed commitment to death <48hrs. This result, coupled with the observation that normal donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) an dHS-5 stromal cells were less sensitive (IC50 >1,000 nM) than the MM or WM cell lines tested, suggest that this compound exhibits a rapid and more tumor-selective effect at clinically relevant conditions. We also evaluated primary MM (CD138+) and WM (CD19+) patient bone marrow cells, and observed sub-μ M activity by MLN 4924. In addition, we tested a series of combinations of MLN4924 with dexamethasone, doxorubicin and bortezomib in MM1S and BCWM1 cells lines and observed at least additive activity with MLN 4924. Longitudinal miRNA profiling revealed up-regulation of 181c, a modulator of Akt activity, and 361-5p at 24 and 36 hours in both cell lines indicating a cell line independent miRNA regulatory response to MLN4924. Conclusions: MLN4924 induces cell killing at sub-μ M concentrations for both MM and WM cells with significantly higher sensitivity of tumor cells compared to normal tissues, and exhibits selective miRNA regulation. These studies provide the framework for the clinical investigation of MLN 4924 in MM and WM. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Millennium Millennium Millennium Millennium
Microprocessor control of a field-emission scanning electron microscope (Model S-800) (1983)

We have developed an ultra high resolution scanning electron mícroscope utílízíng a fíeld emíssíon electron source (Fig.1). This instrument has a guaranteed resolution of 2 nm in the secondary electron image mode and it has incorporated a microprocessor control for optimized operating conditions and maximum ease of operation by various automated functions. The microprocessor control system includes field emission electron gun control, electron optical system control, and video signal control. The field emission electron gun control system includes flashing operation which is used to clean the tip surface by heating for a very short time, high voltage operation of accelerating voltage (V 0 ) and tip voltage (V 1 ), correction of emission current which changes with time, and correction of virtual source position which changes with a voltage ratio V 0 /V 1 . We have automated these series of operations by developing an auto FE gun control system. Fig. 2 shows details of this system.
Novel adaptive filter for fading channel estimation in coherent CDMA receivers (2004)

Wireless communications have to cope with fading multipaths. Coherent receivers require the estimation of path amplitudes and phases. The choice of adequate filter length and coefficients is one of the important tasks in the channel-coefficient estimation process. There is a fundamental tradeoff between reducing the noise level and keeping the fading signal spectrum undistorted. We introduce here a novel channel estimator filter with fixed coefficients and adaptive length, which has a performance near to the optimum Wiener filter performance and a much lower complexity. The proposed filter length depends on both the mobile speed and the noise level. We compare our channel estimator filter with some other existent approaches in the literature, for a CDMA scenario, and we analyze the impact of speed estimation errors and signal quality estimation errors on the new filter design. The proposed theoretical filter design is also validated via system studio simulations.
S-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for WDM transmission between 1488 and 1508 nm (2004)

We evaluated S-band Er:Al/Ge/SiO/sub 2/ fiber amplifiers with a /spl sim/1525-nm fundamental-mode cutoff to suppress C-band ASE. In all-EDFA transmission tests, they produced no penalties aside from expected OSNR impairment, demonstrating suitability of S-band EDFAs for WDM transmission.