gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical algorithms for interference mitigation in mimo systems (2011)

Wireless Multiple Input Multiple Output (MEMO) systems provide system designers with additional degrees of freedom. These can be used to increase throughput, reliability, or even combat spatial interference. The classical Minimum Mean Squared Error (MMSE) Criterion results in the optimal linear estimator for these systems. Its primary drawback however is that it requires an estimate of the channel response. This is generally not an issue in the absence interference. However, in environments where interference power is stronger than the desired signal power, this can be very difficult to estimate. A strong interference can hinder the receiver's ability to detect the presence of the packet. An additional complication that impairs the performance of this estimator is receiver IQ imbalance. This physical impairment destroys the assumed linearity of the channel as well as the circular symmetry of the received signal. It degrades the overall performance of the classical MMSE solution making it impossible to detect the packet and estimate the channel, both of which are required to implement the classical MMSE estimator. We propose a two-stage solution that uses practically obtainable channel state information to improve packet detection and bit demodulation. The bit, error rate (BER) performance of our system will be shown to approach that, of the ideal MMSE solution. We will begin by demonstrating our solution in Rayleigh flat fading channels. We will then extend this algorithm to mitigate interference in more challenging Rayleigh frequency selective channels. Finally, we will show how our solution can be further extended to jointly compensate receiver IQ imbalance as well as interference.
Low-Loss Aluminium Nitride Thin Film for Mid-Infrared Waveguiding (2014)

Mid-infrared micro photonic devices including straight/bent waveguides and Y-junction beam splitters are developed on CMOS-compatible AlN-on-silicon platform. A low optical loss of 0.83 dB/cm and efficient 50:50 beam splitting ratio is achieved at ?=2.5 µm. AlN is a semiconductor that has an ultra-wide operational spectrum covering ultraviolet, visible, NIR and mid-IR wavelengths up to ? = 10 µm. High quality AlN films can be deposited on various CMOS materials, including SiO2, Si, or Sapphire, through metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) or sputteringthat are compatible with standard CMOS processes. Though low loss waveguides and microring resonators made by AlN have been shown in VIS and NIR, its full potential in the use of broadband photonic circuits has not been realized in the Mid-IR (= 2.5 µm) region. Here, we develop AlN mid-IR waveguides that show low optical loss between 2.4 µm and 2.7 µm. as well as a highly efficient 50:50 beam splitter over 200 nm bandwidth that is desired for sophisticated mid-IR photonic circuits. To evaluate our AlN mid-IR devices, we experimentally measure the mode profile and the propagation loss. Fig. 1 (a) illustrates the mode image captured at the waveguide end facet at ? = 2.6 µm. A sharp round spot is clearly resolved which indicates that the fundamental mode is the dominant waveguide mode. The guided mode intensity distribution along the x-axis across the center of the light spot, is plotted and analyzed in Fig. 1 (b). The intensity profile (black solid line) closely fits a Gaussian curve (red dashed line), demonstrating that our experimental result of mode characterization agrees well with the simulation data. The propagation losses are then determined by fitting the optical output powers from waveguides that have different propagation lengths of 2 cm, 3 cm and 4 cm as shown in Fig. 1 (c). From the measurements a propagation loss of 0.83 dB/cm at ? = 2.5 µm is obtained. The low-loss property of our mid-IR devices is attributed to the use of high quality AlN films, as well as optimized fabrication processes that create smooth waveguide sidewalls and consequently reduce scattering loss. Performance of AlN beam splitters is examined since they are critical for multi-channel mid-IR photonic circuits. Fig. 2 (a) and 2 (b) are images recorded from the splitter output at ? = 2.4 µm and ? = 2.6 µm. Two sharp spots from a Y-junction splitter are clearly resolved where every spot represents a guided mode arising from one channel. The intensity distributions across the x axis are measured to evaluate the power splitting ratios. As shown in Fig. 2 (b), two Gaussian-shaped peaks with identical maximum intensities are found at both ? = 2.4 µm and ? = 2.6 µm, which verifies an efficient and uniform 50:50 division ratio.
Assessment and Functional Impact of Allocentric Neglect: A Reminder from a Case Study (2013)

SR suffered a right hemispheric stroke more than 3 years ago, and now lives with left-sided hemiparesis and chronic spatial neglect due to damaged white matter pathways connecting the frontal, temporal and parietal regions. We report here that SR suffers from both viewer-centered (i.e., egocentric) and object-centered (i.e., allocentric) spatial neglect. Notably, unlike most neuropsychological and functional assessments that focus on egocentric deficits, a specialized neuropsychological figurative discrimination test (the Apples test) revealed SR's allocentric neglect. Further, using assessments sensitive to detect functional deficits related to allocentric neglect, we observed SR's difficulty in reading and using clocks, reflecting his object-centered errors in these everyday activities. SR's case suggests that allocentric-specific assessments, both neuropsychological and functional, are valuable in standard neglect examinations, particularly to predict daily function after stroke. We recommend that neglect-related functional disability be distinguished further with respect to allocentric spatial deficits, and functional assessments for allocentric neglect should be validated in future large sample studies. Identifying allocentric neglect early, and learning about its influence on daily function, may enhance care quality and facilitate effective rehabilitation planning for stroke recovery.
Mentoring Matters in Drug Discovery (2020)

Mentoring is an essential opportunity to be embraced by medicinal chemists seeking a gratifying career. In this Viewpoint, we highlight the importance of developing an intentional mindset about mentoring to achieve professional goals. The impact of mentoring is even more critical for underrepresented minorities in drug discovery and in particular for women aspiring to achieve leadership positions in the field.
Signal processing methods for through-transmission measurements of fast and slow waves in bovine and equine cancellous bone (2016)

Through-transmission measurements in cancellous bone in vitro often reveal two longitudinal waves. The velocities and amplitudes of fast and slow waves are related to bone microstructure and composition and may provide useful diagnostic information. Phase velocity and attenuation for fast and slow waves were measured as a function of propagation depth in bovine and equine cancellous bone. Ultrasound measurements were performed as the thicknesses of bone samples were systematically reduced from 15 to 6 mm (bovine) or 12 to 4 mm (equine) (Nagatani et al., Ultrasonics, 48, 607-612, 2008). Fast and slow wave properties were estimated using a Bayesian method (Marutyan et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 121, EL8-EL15, 2007) and the modified least-squares Prony’s method with curve fitting (Wear, J. Acoust. Soc. Am.,133, 2490-2501, 2013). The two methods, although based on different sets of assumptions, showed excellent agreement. This work provides strong support for both algorithms and for the two-wave model for cancellous bone upon which both are based (Marutyan et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 120, EL55-EL61, 2006).
STN PLAD: A Dataset for Multi-Size Power Line Assets Detection in High-Resolution UAV Images (2021)

Many power line companies are using UAVs to perform their inspection processes instead of putting their workers at risk by making them climb high voltage power line towers, for instance. A crucial task for the inspection is to detect and classify assets in the power transmission lines. However, public data related to power line assets are scarce, preventing a faster evolution of this area. This work proposes the Power Line Assets Dataset, containing high-resolution and real-world images of multiple high-voltage power line components. It has 2,409 annotated objects divided into five classes: transmission tower, insulator, spacer, tower plate, and Stockbridge damper, which vary in size (resolution), orientation, illumination, angulation, and background. This work also presents an evaluation with popular deep object detection methods, showing considerable room for improvement. The STN PLAD dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/andreluizbvs/PLAD.
Compartment Syndrome Following Intramedullary Fixation of Pediatric Forearm Fractures (2004)

This study was designed to evaluate the incidence of compartment syndrome (CS) resulting from the treatment of both-bone forearm fractures in children. A retrospective analysis of 285 consecutive children who presented with both-bone forearm fractures was performed. Of 235 closed injuries, 205 were treated with closed reduction and casting; none of these patients developed CS. Thirty of the closed injuries were treated with closed reduction and intramedullary fixation; three of these patients (10%) developed CS. Fifty patients sustained open fractures and were treated with debridement and open reduction with intramedullary pinning; CS developed in three of these patients (6%). The eighty patients treated with intramedullary fixation had an increased incidence of CS compared with the 205 patients treated with closed reduction and casting (P < 0.001). Within the group of patients who had surgery, patients with longer operative times and more use of intraoperative fluoroscopy were at higher risk of developing CS.
Particle Physics and the New Cosmology (1983)

During the past year, astounding progress has been made in the development of a radically new theory of the evolution of the early Universe. The new theory derives from the possibility that the Universe underwent a symmetry breaking phase transition in its early history that was strongly first order. During such a transition, the Universe can supercool into a metastable phase with a large vacuum energy density which results in a period of exponential expansion. It has recently been shown that in special types of first order transitions the Universe can escape from the metastable phase to a stable phase. Without a vacuum energy density contribution to the total energy density, the Universe returns to the expansion rate found in the hot big bang model. The existence of an epoch of exponential growth leads to a natural explanation of the cosmological homogeneity, isotropy, flatness, monopole and domain wall problems that plague the standard hot big bang model. The new cosmology has also been shown to lead to a (nearly) scale invariant spectrum of density perturbations in the early Universe, just the spectrum many cosmologists believe is necessary to explain the evolution of galaxies and clusters in our Universe.
EVIDENCE FOR DIMINISHED COMPLEXITY DURING INTRACRANIAL HYPERTENSION IN TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY (2002)

SOCIETY OF CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 32ND CRITICAL CARE CONGRESS SAN ANTONIO, TEXAS, USA JANUARY 28-FEBRUARY 2, 2003: ORAL/SANDWICH PRESENTATIONS: Poster Presentation: Clinical Science: Neurobiology Monitoring: PDF Only
Conditional HIF-1 induction produces multistage neovascularization with stage-specific sensitivity to VEGFR inhibitors and myeloid cell independence (2011)

Neovascularization is a crucial component of tumor growth and ischemia. Although prior work primarily used disease models, delineation of neovascularization in the absence of disease can reveal intrinsic mechanisms of microvessel regulation amenable to manipulation in illness. We created a conditional model of epithelial HIF-1 induction in adult mice (TetON-HIF-1 mice). Longitudinal photoacoustic microscopy (L-PAM) was coincidentally developed for noninvasive, label-free serial imaging of red blood cell-perfused vasculature in the same mouse for weeks to months. TetON-HIF-1 mice evidenced 3 stages of neovascularization: development, maintenance, and transgene-dependent regression. Regression occurred despite extensive and tight pericyte coverage. L-PAM mapped microvascular architecture and quantified volumetric changes in neocapillary morphogenesis, arteriovenous remodeling, and microvessel regression. Developmental stage endothelial proliferation down-regulation was associated with a DNA damage checkpoint consisting of p53, p21, and endothelial γ-H2AX induction. The neovasculature was temporally responsive to VEGFR2 immuno-blockade, with the developmental stage sensitive, and the maintenance stage resistant, to DC101 treatment. L-PAM analysis also pinpointed microvessels ablated or resistant to VEGFR2 immuno-blockade. HIF-1-recruited myeloid cells did not mediate VEGFR2 inhibitor resistance. Thus, HIF-1 neovascularization in the absence of disease is self-regulated via cell autonomous endothelial checkpoints, and resistant to angiogenesis inhibitors independent of myeloid cells.
Comparison of stroke volume measurements during hemodialysis using bioimpedance cardiography and echocardiography (2017)

NiCaS SV measurements are similar to and strongly correlated with Echo SV measurements. This suggests that noninvasive NiCaS technology may be a practical method for measuring SV during HD.
Ridge waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers (1987)

Ridge waveguide AlGaAs/GaAs distributed feedback lasers were fabricated by a two-step molecular beam epitaxy. A threshold current as low as 37 mA, which is the lowest ever reported, was obtained under a continuous wave condition at room temperature. The low threshold current is due to the larger coupling coefficient (91 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> ) and a good current and optical confinement. The effects of the facet coatings were investigated and a high-power and a high-temperature operation was obtained. The polarization and the dynamic behavior were also investigated.
Energy-Grade Double Pricing Mechanism for a Combined Heat and Power System Using the Asynchronous Dispatch Method (2022)

The problem of heat and electricity pricing in combined-heat-and-power (CHP) systems regarding electricity’s and heat’s time scales, as well as thermal energy quality is studied. Based on the asynchronous coordinated dispatch of CHP system, an energy-grade double pricing mechanism is proposed. Under the pricing mechanism, resulting merchandise surplus of heat system operator (HSO) at each heat dispatch interval can be decomposed into interpretable parts and its revenue adequacy can be guaranteed over all heat dispatch intervals. And the electric power system operator (ESO)’s resulting merchandise surplus is composed of non-negative components at each electricity dispatch interval, also ensuring its revenue adequacy. In addition, the effects of different time scales and co-generation are analyzed in different kinds of CHP units’ pricing.
Fault-tolerant quantum simulation of materials using Bloch orbitals (2023)

The simulation of chemistry is among the most promising applications of quantum computing. However, most prior work exploring algorithms for block-encoding, time-evolving, and sampling in the eigenbasis of electronic structure Hamiltonians has either focused on modeling finite-sized systems, or has required a large number of plane wave basis functions. In this work, we extend methods for quantum simulation with Bloch orbitals constructed from symmetry-adapted atom-centered orbitals so that one can model periodic \textit{ab initio} Hamiltonians using only a modest number of basis functions. We focus on adapting existing algorithms based on combining qubitization with tensor factorizations of the Coulomb operator. Significant modifications of those algorithms are required to obtain an asymptotic speedup leveraging translational (or, more broadly, Abelian) symmetries. We implement block encodings using known tensor factorizations and a new Bloch orbital form of tensor hypercontraction. Finally, we estimate the resources required to deploy our algorithms to classically challenging model materials relevant to the chemistry of Lithium Nickel Oxide battery cathodes within the surface code.
Meeting critical gate linewidth control needs at the 65 nm node (2006)

With the nominal gate length at the 65 nm node being only 35 nm, controlling the critical dimension (CD) in polysilicon to within a few nanometers is essential to achieve a competitive power-to-performance ratio. Gate linewidths must be controlled, not only at the chip level so that the chip performs as the circuit designers and device engineers had intended, but also at the wafer level so that more chips with the optimum power-to-performance ratio are manufactured. Achieving tight across-chip linewidth variation (ACLV) and chip mean variation (CMV) is possible only if the mask-making, lithography, and etching processes are all controlled to very tight specifications. This paper identifies the various ACLV and CMV components, describes their root causes, and discusses a methodology to quantify them. For example, the site-to-site ACLV component is divided into systematic and random sub-components. The systematic component of the variation is attributed in part to pattern density variation across the field, and variation in exposure dose across the slit. The paper demonstrates our team's success in achieving the tight gate CD tolerances required for 65 nm technology. Certain key challenges faced, and methods employed to overcome them are described. For instance, the use of dose-compensation strategies to correct the small but systematic CD variations measured across the wafer, is described. Finally, the impact of immersion lithography on both ACLV and CMV is briefly discussed.
A NovelTreponema pallidumAntigen, TP0136, Is an Outer Membrane Protein That Binds Human Fibronectin (2008)

The antigenicity, structural location, and function of the predicted lipoprotein TP0136 of Treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum were investigated based on previous screening studies indicating that anti-TP0136 antibodies are present in the sera of syphilis patients and experimentally infected rabbits. Recombinant TP0136 (rTP0136) protein was purified and shown to be strongly antigenic during human and experimental rabbit infection. The TP0136 protein was exposed on the surface of the bacterial outer membrane and bound to the host extracellular matrix glycoproteins fibronectin and laminin. In addition, the TP0136 open reading frame was shown to be highly polymorphic among T. pallidum subspecies and strains at the nucleotide and amino acid levels. Finally, the ability of rTP0136 protein to act as a protective antigen to subsequent challenge with infectious T. pallidum in the rabbit model of infection was assessed. Immunization with rTP0136 delayed ulceration but did not prevent infection or the formation of lesions. These results demonstrate that TP0136 is expressed on the outer membrane of the treponeme during infection and may be involved in attachment to host extracellular matrix components.
Simulated Threshold Voltage Adjustment and Drain Current Enhancement in Novel Striped-Gate Nondoped-Channel Fully Depleted SOI-MOSFETs (2000)

To enhance the performance of metal-oxide-silicon field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs), a new device having a Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) structure, called a striped-gate SOI-MOSFET, is proposed and its electrical characteristics are estimated by device simulation. The threshold voltage of this device is controlled by changing the length of a metal layer interposed in the gate electrode. A set of systematic device simulations reveals a type of two-dimensional effect in the gate electric field provides a continuous threshold voltage control for a non-doped channel SOI-MOSFET, and that the suppression of the channel doping provides a large drain current. A circuit simulation on a 2-input complementary-MOS (CMOS) NAND gate chain comprising the devices shows that the operation speed is enhanced by 46% compared with that of bulk MOSFETs, due to the device's large drain current and small parasitic capacitance.
Use of two pulses to localize and intensify cavitation in lithotripsy (1999)

A single electrohydraulic lithotripter pulse excites a cigar-shaped cavitation field that plays a role in both stone comminution and tissue damage during kidney stone treatment. The diameter and length of such a field (in water) are approximately 1 and 10 cm, respectively, and the lifetime is ∼500 μs. A second, time-delayed pulse can be used to suppress cavitation during growth. As a result, by using two lithotripters facing each other and firing simultaneously, a cavitation field can be created for which the lithotripsy pulses sum coherently at the center to enhance cavitation and counteract each other off-center to suppress cavitation. The result is an intense and localized cavitation field, contained entirely by a cylinder of diameter ∼3 and length ∼4 cm, and having a lifetime twice that of a single-pulse field. When produced in vivo, such a localized cavitation field may increase the rate of stone comminution while mitigating damage to surrounding tissue. Experiments were undertaken in vitro with a Dornier HM3 experimental lithotripter, using a Kodak EktaPro 4540 digital high-speed motion analyzer for data acquisition. [Work supported by NIH PO1 DK43881.]
US Trends for Diabetes Prevalence Among Adults (2016)

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3D DOT Brain Imaging: An Anatomical Atlas-Based Method (2010)

An anatomical atlas-based method for 3D DOT brain imaging is presented. Numerical simulations and phantom experiments show that the method is computation-efficient in generation, registration and anatomical labeling of 3D image findings with high fidelity.
Supplementary Table 3 from BGC 945, a Novel Tumor-Selective Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor Targeted to α-Folate Receptor–Overexpressing Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Table 3 from BGC 945, a Novel Tumor-Selective Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor Targeted to α-Folate Receptor–Overexpressing Tumors