gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A one-dimensional hydrodynamic model for pressures induced near the coating-water interface during laser shock peening (2007)

In laser shock peening (LSP) under a water-confinement regime, laser-matter interaction near the coating-water interface can induce very high pressures in the order of gigapascal, which can impart compressive residual stresses into metal workpieces to improve fatigue and corrosion properties. However, self-closed models with spatial distribution considerations for the induced pressures near the coating-water interface in LSP are rarely reported in literature. In this paper, a self-closed model is developed by numerically solving the one-dimensional hydrodynamic equations, supplemented with appropriate equations of state of water and the coating material. The model can produce the one-dimensional spatial distributions of the material responses near the water-coating interface in LSP. The model-predicted pressures have been compared with experimental measurements under a variety of conditions typical for LSP, and good agreements have been found for both the transient pressure history and the peak pressure magnitude.
Application of resonant subwavelength gratings to a rotary position encoder (2010)

Resonant subwavelength gratings have proven to be excellent devices for producing narrow resonances useful for filtering applications. In this paper we discuss the use of RSGs in a rotary position encoder intended for use in harsh environments. To avoid problems with routing electrical signals to the encoder, a single fiber optic connection is used to address the device with multiplexed wavelengths corresponding to position bits. Each wavelength has a corresponding RSG that is patterned in the appropriate position locations. A demonstration device utilizing RSGs with TiO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> films on a silicon substrate will be presented. The design and modeling effort provided several RSGs with resonances addressable by a single tunable laser source. Since multimode fiber is used to route the optical signals, the gratings were designed to be polarization insensitive. Additionally, the individual RSGs accommodate significant wavelength shifts to simplify the integration of the encoder system. The fabrication of the devices was based on electron beam lithography and details of this work will be presented. Measurements of the individual RSGs as well as a demonstration of the determination of rotary position using these gratings will be shown.
A monolithic signal processor for neurophysiological telemetry (1985)

A fully integrated signal processor designed for an eight-channel implantable telemetry system for neurophysiology will be described. Incorporated are integrated bipolar band-pass amplifiers, pulsed thermistor drivers, a multiplexer and I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> L logic control that implements a hierarchical multiplexing system and an automatic power down associated with a low bandwidth mode.
Factors in seminal plasma of bulls that affect the viability and motility of spermatozoa (1983)

When ejaculated bovine semen was washed twice with Ficoll the spermatozoa, resuspended in buffer, became immotile. Motility could be restored by addition of seminal plasma from vasectomized bulls and by addition of both bovine serum albumin (BSA) and theophylline. Motility could be restored and maintained at 37 degrees C to a variable extent with BSA alone. When this motility ceased it could be revived with theophylline or seminal plasma. When spermatozoa, inactivated by washing with Ficoll, were reactivated with seminal plasma the time that motility lasted at 37 degrees C before it was irreversibly lost depended on the concentration of seminal plasma: the more seminal plasma added, the shorter the duration of motility. This suggested that seminal plasma contained separate factors which restored motility and led to permanent inactivation of the spermatozoa. A motility-stimulating factor was present in the low molecular weight fraction of seminal plasma which had been passed through an ultrafilter of retention Mr 500 and the damaging effect was confined to molecular weight non-dialysable fraction.
Fluorous Tags Unstick Messy Chemical Biology Problems (2008)

Separation and identification of biological molecules from complex mixtures can be made easier with fluorinated labeling groups and separation media.
Threat assessment for general road scenes using monte carlo sampling (2006)

A stochastic threat assessment algorithm for general road scenes is presented. Vehicles behave in a manner which includes a desire to follow their intended paths comfortably and to avoid colliding with other objects. In particular, this can be used to detect indirect threats from objects that are not on a direct collision course, but may be forced into a collision course by the traffic situation. An example is when a vehicle has to swerve to avoid an obstacle and because of that the vehicle itself becomes a threat to another vehicle. The vehicles are on a direct collision course from the beginning, but the situation still poses a threat because of the obstacle. Control inputs of other vehicles are modelled as stochastic variables and the resulting statistical expressions are solved using Monte Carlo sampling. In any Monte Carlo method there is always a trade-off between accuracy, i.e., number of samples, and computational load. A further contribution of this work is a method to create denser sample sets without increasing computational load
Advanced Hydrogels as Exosome Delivery Systems for Osteogenic Differentiation of MSCs: Application in Bone Regeneration (2021)

Hydrogels are known as water-swollen networks formed from naturally derived or synthetic polymers. They have a high potential for medical applications and play a crucial role in tissue repair and remodeling. MSC-derived exosomes are considered to be new entities for cell-free treatment in different human diseases. Recent progress in cell-free bone tissue engineering via combining exosomes obtained from human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with hydrogel scaffolds has resulted in improvement of the methodologies in bone tissue engineering. Our research has been actively focused on application of biotechnological methods for improving osteogenesis and bone healing. The following text presents a concise review of the methodologies of fabrication and preparation of hydrogels that includes the exosome loading properties of hydrogels for bone regenerative applications.
High affinity cross-reacting mAb generated by minimal mimicry: Implications for the pathogenesis of anti-nuclear autoantibodies and immunosuppression (1998)

The antigen recognition of a profoundly immunosuppressive mAb, mAb 2E1, in vivo was investigated. In addition to the 62-kDa effector cell protease receptor 1, mAb 2E1 bound the 32-kDa T cell adhesion receptor E2 (CD99) and the 86-kDa p80 subunit of the nuclear antigen complex Ku. These molecules share no overall sequence similarity. Peptide mapping experiments identified the mAb 2E1 cross-reacting epitopes as the sequences 66GSFSDADLAD75 in E2 and 571GGAHFSVSSLAEG583 in p80 of Ku, sharing a minimal homology motif FSXXXLA, in which X is a nonconserved amino acid. Each of these peptides separately inhibited the binding of mAb 2E1 to E2, effector cell protease receptor 1, and p80 of Ku in a dose-dependent manner. Scatchard plot analysis of 125I-labeled mAb 2E1 binding to peripheral blood mononuclear cells revealed a high-affinity interaction with a dissociation constant of 7 x 10(-10) M. An anti-E2 mAb bound the same epitope 66GSFSDADLAD75 recognized by mAb 2E1 but failed to react with p80 of Ku and was not immunosuppressive. These findings demonstrate that high-affinity cross-reacting mAbs can be generated by mimicry of a minimal surface on unrelated molecules. This model of minimal mimicry may determine the nuclear reactivity of certain autoantibodies to Ku and contribute to aberrant immunosuppression in vivo.
Correlation between OH density and Fe electronic states of H/Fe3O4(001) film surfaces studied by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (2015)

We report two types of adsorption structures in H/Fe3O4(001) film surfaces and the correlation between OH density and Fe electronic states, which have been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy (STM/STS). Two types of bright protrusions (BPs), whose lengths along the atomic rows are different, are observed in the STM images. The shorter and longer BPs consist of Fe atoms with one and with two OH groups neighbor, respectively. In addition, STS measurements show the higher local density of states (LDOS) just below the Fermi level of Fe atoms with increasing neighboring OH groups. The variation can be attributed to the difference in the gain of electrons from H atoms, which is due to the difference in the number of neighboring OH groups. These results reveal that surface OH density is a factor for determining the LDOS just below the Fermi level of surface Fe atoms.
Optimal Active Suspensions for 3D Vehicle Models (1991)

An analytical solution to the full-car, 3D optimal suspension design problem is developed by applying and extending the corresponding 2D approach. Various qualitative and quantitative implications of the solution are revealed and discussed, establishing a link with the previous ID, quarter-car, and 2D, half-car results.
Heat Capacitive PCB (2018)

This paper describes a heat capacitive PCB concept where phase change materials (PCMs) embedded in an epoxy resin matrix is used. A heat dissipating component is installed on the surface of the PCB containing phase change material filled cavities. During phase change, part of the dissipated heat is absorbed by the PCB with the effect of reducing the operational temperature for the component and expanding the time until the system has reached steady state maximum temperature.
Small-Scale Dispersion in the Presence of Langmuir Circulation (2019)

Abstract We present an analysis of ocean surface dispersion characteristics, on 1–100-m scales, obtained by optically tracking a release of bamboo plates for 2 h in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Under sustained 5–6 m s −1 winds, energetic Langmuir cells are clearly delineated in the spatially dense plate observations. Within 10 min of release, the plates collect in windrows with 15-m spacing aligned with the wind. Windrow spacing grows, through windrow merger, to 40 m after 20 min and then expands at a slower rate to 50 m. The presence of Langmuir cells produces strong horizontal anisotropy and scale dependence in all surface dispersion statistics computed from the plate observations. Relative dispersion in the crosswind direction initially dominates but eventually saturates, while downwind dispersion exhibits continual growth consistent with contributions from both turbulent fluctuations and organized mean shear. Longitudinal velocity differences in the crosswind direction indicate mean convergence at scales below the Langmuir cell diameter and mean divergence at larger scales. Although the second-order structure function measured by contemporaneous GPS-tracked surface drifters drogued at ~0.5 m shows persistent r 2/3 power law scaling down to 100–200-m separation scales, the second-order structure function for the very near surface plates observations has considerably higher energy and significantly shallower slope at scales below 100 m. This is consistent with contemporaneous data from undrogued surface drifters and previously published model results indicating shallowing spectra in the presence of direct wind-wave forcing mechanisms.
A Study on the Characteristics of Bogie Frame Materials (2013)

This paper describes the structural analysis, load tests and combined stress of the bogie frame. It seeks to identify the structural safety of the bogie frame when the bogie is assembled on the train and a train service is implemented. The bogie consists of the bogie frame, suspension, wheels, brakes and transmission, etc. The bogie frame can be considered as the most important part of the bogie. The analysis and tests were evaluated using JIS E 4207 standards and performance test standards for urban rail vehicles.
DNA Origami for Silicon Patterning (2020)

Desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) origami architectures are a promising tool for ultimate lithography because of their ability to generate nanostructures with a minimum feature size down to 2 nm. In this paper, we developed a method for silicon (Si) nanopatterning to face up current limitations for high-resolution patterning with standard microelectronic processes. For the first time, a 2 nm-thick 2D DNA origami mask, with specific design composed of three different square holes (with a size of 10 and 20 nm), is used for positive pattern transfer into a Si substrate using a 15 nm-thick silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) layer as an intermediate hard mask. First, the origami mask is transferred onto the SiO<sub>2</sub> underlayer, by an HF vapor-etching process. Then, the Si underlayer is etched using an HBr/O<sub>2</sub> plasma. Each hole is transferred in the SiO<sub>2</sub> layer and the 20 nm-sized holes are transferred into the final stack (Si). The resulting patterns exhibited a lateral resolution in the range of 20 nm and a depth of 40 nm. Patterns are fully characterized by atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam-transmission electron microscopy, and ellipsometry measurements.
Adsorption of Fibronectin to Polyurethane Surfaces: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopic Studies (1987)

The infrared spectra of plasma fibronectin adsorbed to three polyurethanes shows evidence of structural change upon adsorption. These block copolymers have identical hard segment chemistry, but they differ in soft segment composition and surface energy as measured by contact angle. On the more hydrophobic surfaces, the amount of adsobed fibronectin and the extent of spectral changes were greater than on the more hydrophilic surface. When compared to the spectrum of FN in solution, the spectra of the protein which adsorbs first appear to have more extensive spectral changes than protein adsorbing at later times. On all surfaces, increasing the concentration of protein in solution increased the amount of adsorbed protein.
FOUR-VALUED KNOWLEDGE AUGMENTATION FOR STRUCTURED DOCUMENT RETRIEVAL (2003)

Structured documents are composed of objects with a content and a logical structure. The effective retrieval of structured documents requires models that provide for a content-based retrieval of objects that takes into account their logical structure, so that the relevance of an object is not solely based on its content, but also on the logical structure among objects. This paper proposes a formal model for representing structured documents where the content of an object is viewed as the knowledge contained in that object, and the logical structure among objects is capture by a process of knowledge augmentation: the knowledge contained in an object is augmented with that of its structurally related objects. The knowledge augmentation process takes into account the fact that knowledge can be incomplete and become inconsistent.
Economical Atomic Layer Deposition (2010)

The purpose of this article is to present evidence on the efficacy and safety of medical cannabis as a therapy for symptom management in palliative care. This article provides an overview of the evidence on the risks and benefits of using medical cannabis for the indications of chronic pain, cancer-related pain, cancer cachexia, dementia, and Alzheimer's disease. Currently, there is insufficient evidence to determine the effectiveness and safety of cannabinoids for most reviewed indications, with the exception of chronic pain. Future research is required before palliative care clinicians can make evidence-based decisions on the integration of medical cannabis as adjunct therapies.
Regulation of annexin I-dependent aggregation of phospholipid vesicles by protein kinase C (1993)

Annexin I is a member of the annexin family of Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-binding proteins. The ability of this protein to aggregate and to mediate the fusion of various types of vesicles has supported the hypothesis that this protein might be involved in intracellular membrane fusion processes such as exocytosis. Although annexin I has been described as a major in vitro substrate of both protein kinase C and the epidermal-growth-factor-receptor protein tyrosine kinase, the functional consequences of these phosphorylation events have not been investigated. In this paper we examine the effect of the phosphorylation of annexin I by protein kinase C on the phospholipid aggregation activity of the protein. The stoichiometry of phosphorylation of the protein was affected by the method of preparation of the phospholipid. Under optimal assay conditions protein kinase C catalysed the incorporation of 2.83 +/- 0.23 mol of phosphate/mol of annexin I (mean +/- S.E.M., n = 21). Studies with the Ca(2+)- and phospholipid-independent form of protein kinase C suggested that the phosphorylation of annexin I was stimulated by phospholipid in the absence of Ca2+, although maximal phosphorylation was achieved in the presence of both phospholipid and Ca2+. Phosphorylation of annexin I resulted in a dramatic decrease in the rate and extent of phospholipid vesicle aggregation, without significantly disrupting the binding of the protein to the phospholipid vesicles. The phosphorylation of annexin I increased the EC50 (Ca2+) of phospholipid vesicle aggregation from 19 +/- 10 microM (mean +/- S.D., n = 7) for the native protein to 290 +/- 95 microM (mean +/- S.D., n = 5) for the phosphorylated protein. These results suggest that protein kinase C may act to inhibit the phospholipid vesicle aggregation activity of annexin I.
Physics and biophysics fundamentals of transcranial stimulation (2021)

Abstract Transcranial stimulation induces or modulates neural activity in the brain through basic physical and biophysical processes. Transcranial electrical stimulation and transcranial magnetic stimulation impose an exogenous electric field in the brain that is determined by the stimulation device and the geometric and electric parameters of the head. The imposed electric field drives an electric current through the brain tissue, which macroscopically behaves as a volume conductor. The electric field polarizes neuronal membranes as described by the cable equation, resulting in direct activation of individual neurons and neural networks or indirect modulation of intrinsic activity. Computational modeling can estimate the delivered electric field as well as the resultant responses of individual neurons. This dosimetric information can be used to optimize and individualize stimulation targeting. The field distributions of transcranial stimulation are well understood and characterized, whereas analysis and modeling of the neural responses require further investigation, especially at the network level.
Families of tessellations of space by elementary polyhedra via retessellations of face-centered-cubic and related tilings (2012)

The problem of tiling or tessellating (i.e., completely filling) three-dimensional Euclidean space R(3) with polyhedra has fascinated people for centuries and continues to intrigue mathematicians and scientists today. Tilings are of fundamental importance to the understanding of the underlying structures for a wide range of systems in the biological, chemical, and physical sciences. In this paper, we enumerate and investigate the most comprehensive set of tilings of R(3) by any two regular polyhedra known to date. We find that among all of the Platonic solids, only the tetrahedron and octahedron can be combined to tile R(3). For tilings composed of only congruent tetrahedra and congruent octahedra, there seem to be only four distinct ratios between the sides of the two polyhedra. These four canonical periodic tilings are, respectively, associated with certain packings of tetrahedra (octahedra) in which the holes are octahedra (tetrahedra). Moreover, we derive two families of an uncountably infinite number of periodic tilings of tetrahedra and octahedra that continuously connect the aforementioned four canonical tilings with one another, containing the previously reported Conway-Jiao-Torquato family of tilings [Conway et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 108, 11009 (2011)] as a special case. For tilings containing infinite planar surfaces, nonperiodic arrangements can be easily generated by arbitrary relative sliding along these surfaces. We also find that there are three distinct canonical periodic tilings of R(3) by congruent regular tetrahedra and congruent regular truncated tetrahedra associated with certain packings of tetrahedra (truncated tetrahedra) in which the holes are truncated tetrahedra (tetrahedra). Remarkably, we discover that most of the aforementioned periodic tilings can be obtained by "retessellating" the well-known tiling associated with the face-centered-cubic lattice, i.e., by combining the associated fundamental tiles (regular tetrahedra and octahedra) to form larger polyhedra.
361: The Pharmacodynamic Analysis between Cyclosporine a (CsA) and Cytokine Profiles of CD4+ T Lymphocytes for the Development of Optimized Immunosuppressive Therapy with CsA after Unrelated Cord Blood Transplantation (CBT) (2008)

Although unrelated cord blood transplantation (CBT) is increasing in number, the optimized immunosuppressive therapy for prevention of graft versus host disease (GVHD) has not been established. Cyclosporine A (CsA) is the most common immunosuppressant used for GVHD prophylaxis and individualization among types of stem cell source by using therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) is essential to optimize pharmacotherapy. Cord blood lymphocytes are naïve and most of CBT are carried out with a human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mismatched combination especially in adults. Our retrospective analysis showed CsA can be tapered earlier for recipients of CBT than for those of BMT. To optimize CsA administration in CBT, we analyzed proportion of IL-2 producing cells among CD4+ T lymphocytes using multi-color flow cytometric analysis before and after CsA administration. We analyzed 55 peripheral blood samples from 6 allogeneic BMT recipients as controls and 104 peripheral blood samples from 7 CBT recipients. Cells were cultured in the presence of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, ionomycin, and monensin at 37°C for 4 hrs and then stained for surface markers and intracytoplasmic IL-2. Blood CsA levels were simultaneously measured. We found that the level of IL-2 production in CD4+ T lymphocytes was inversely proportional to blood CsA levels for both BMT and CBT. IL-2 production in CD4+ T lymphocytes of cord blood recipients can be inhibited by relatively lower CsA concentration compared with that of bone marrow recipients. To our most interest, there was dramatic difference in required blood CsA level for inhibition of IL-2 production by days after transplantation (e.g. before and after day45) in recipients of CBT, while there was no difference by days after transplantation in recipients of BMT. This finding can explain why earlier tapering of CsA is possible for cord blood recipients. Further analysis is needed to optimize blood CsA level on different days after CBT for GVHD prophylaxis.