gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of 3′ Terminus Modifications on mRNA Functional Decay during in Vitro Protein Synthesis (2001)

The pcnB gene, which encodes the principal poly(A) polymerase of Escherichia coli, promotes 3'-polyadenylation and chemical decay of mRNA. However, there is no evidence that pcnB-mediated mRNA destabilization decreases protein synthesis, suggesting that polyadenylation may enhance translational efficiency. Using in vitro translation by E. coli cell extracts and toeprinting analysis of transcripts encoded by the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) and beta-galactosidase genes to investigate this notion, we found no effect of poly(A) tails on protein synthesis. However, we observed that 3'-polyguanylation delayed the chemical decay of CAT mRNA and, even more dramatically, increased the ability of CAT mRNA to produce enzymatically active full-length protein in 30 S E. coli cell fractions. This resulted from interference with the primary mechanism for inactivation of CAT transcript function in cell extracts, which occurred by 3'-exonucleolytic degradation rather than endonucleolytic fragmentation by RNase E. Using bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase to install poly(G) tails on mRNAs transcribed from polymerase chain reaction-generated DNA templates, we observed sharply increased synthesis of active proteins in vitro in coupled transcription/translation reactions. The ability of poly(G) tails to functionally stabilize transcripts from polymerase chain reaction-generated templates allows proteins encoded by translational open reading frames on genomic DNA or cDNA to be synthesized directly and efficiently in vitro.
miRNATissueAtlas2: an update to the human miRNA tissue atlas (2021)

Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) are pervasive regulators of physiological and pathological processes. We previously developed the human miRNA Tissue Atlas, detailing the expression of miRNAs across organs in the human body. Here, we present an updated resource containing sequencing data of 188 tissue samples comprising 21 organ types retrieved from six humans. Sampling the organs from the same bodies minimizes intra-individual variability and facilitates the making of a precise high-resolution body map of the non-coding transcriptome. The data allow shedding light on the organ- and organ system-specificity of piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), transfer RNAs (tRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs) and other non-coding RNAs. As use case of our resource, we describe the identification of highly specific ncRNAs in different organs. The update also contains 58 samples from six tissues of the Tabula Muris collection, allowing to check if the tissue specificity is evolutionary conserved between Homo sapiens and Mus musculus. The updated resource of 87 252 non-coding RNAs from nine non-coding RNA classes for all organs and organ systems is available online without any restrictions (https://www.ccb.uni-saarland.de/tissueatlas2).
Battery States Monitoring for Electric Vehicles Based on Transferred Multi-Task Learning (2023)

State/temperature monitoring is one of the key requirements of battery management systems that facilitates efficient and intelligent management to ensure the safe operation of batteries in electrified transportation. This paper proposes an online end-to-end state monitoring method based on transferred multi-task learning. Measurement data is directly used for sharing information generation with the convolutional neural network. Then, the multiple task-specific layers are added for state/temperature monitoring. The transfer learning strategy is designed to improve accuracy further under various application scenarios. Experiments under different working profiles, temperatures, and aging conditions are conducted to evaluate the method, which covers the wide usage ranges in electric vehicles. Comparisons with several benchmarks illustrate the superiority of the proposed method with better accuracy and computational efficiency. The monitoring results under extremely current working profiles and variable internal and external conditions are evaluated. Results show that the mean absolute error and root mean square error of state of charge and state of energy estimation are less than 2.31% and 3.31%, respectively. The above errors in the prediction of future temperature five steps ahead are less than 0.89 °C and 1.29 °C, respectively. The framework is also suitable for monitoring second-life batteries retired from electric vehicles. This paper illustrates the potential application of data-driven multi-state monitoring throughout the entire battery life.
Photocontrolled Orientation of Discotic Liquid Crystals (2000)

Surface-assisted orientational control of discotic liquid crystals (DLCs) induced by photoaligning thin films of an azobenzene-containing polymer is described. The photochemical technique developed can be used to photopattern DLC films (see Figure), which may have applications in novel molecular devices such as optical compensatory sheets, and provides an opportunity for understanding the orientation mechanism of DLCs.
21212 A study on water jet cleaning of rotating disk (2013)

Water jet cleaning of fine particles on a rotating disk were experimentally investigated for the rotating disk. Flow patterns on the rotating disk were visualized using a high speed camera. The quantity of the remained particles on the disk were estimated by a dye tracer method and using the phosphorescent particles. Emission intensities from the phosphorescent particles were measured by a photon counter. When the flow rate of water jet and the rotating speed increased, the quantity of the remained particles decreased. And it was confirmed that the washing time was a main parameter of rotating disk cleaning.
Acoustic modeling of plasma-induced vapor bubbles (1994)

Plasma-induced bubbles respond to time-dependent injection of energy which modifies the acoustic output relative to ‘‘classical’’ gas bubbles. Additionally, they consist primarily of hot vapor which complicates the thermodynamics, elevates the importance of some traditionally untreated variables, and requires additional physical process treatments beyond the basic hydrodynamics. A code that is based upon fundamental physical principles was developed to study the importance of many of these variables. The code is capable of treating the actual driving circuit, resultant plasma behavior, transition from cylindrical to spherical geometry early in the discharge, radiation production, plasma chemistry, thermal transport, and hydrodynamics in a modified Flynn formulation. Primary output consists of bubble wall acceleration, radius, etc., energy balance, and far field pressure. The code has been validated with experimental data and will be compared with ongoing hydrocode model development as well. Experimental and theoretical results are presented for large vapor bubbles. [Work supported by the U.S. Navy.]
Analysis of a Single Crystal Solidification Process of an Ni-based Superalloy using a CAFE Model (2023)

The efficiency of gas turbines depends on the gas turbine working temperature. Single crystal blades are being applied more often than equiaxed blades in gas turbine engines, to increase the turbine inlet temperature, resulting in enhanced turbine engine efficiency. Single crystal blades endure creep conditions at high temperature better than polycrystal blades because the single crystals do not include grain boundaries. The single crystal process is a breakthrough technology, however, production yield is relatively low compared with polycrystal, and their mechanical properties depend on the crystallographic orientation of the single crystals. In this study, a thermal simulation model, the 3D cellular automation-finite element (CA-FE), was used on the single crystal process with the Bridgman method. The simulation model was well expected, by analysis of the microstructure and EBSD, on the grain selection in the single crystal process. The evolution of single crystal grains was analyzed on process of grain selection in start block and spiral selector. Single crystal orientation was also investigated to determine the effect of nucleation density, forming in the initial stage of solidification.
Nanoparticles: Recovery of Drug Delivery Nanoparticles from Human Plasma Using an Electrokinetic Platform Technology (Small 38/2015) (2015)

M. J. Heller and co-workers describe the use of electrode arrays to collect select nanoparticles from a complex mixture. On page 5088, they explain how their dielectrophoresis collection chip pulls the desired nanoparticles down to the electrode surface, allowing them to be collected from complex fluid mixtures such as biological blood samples. Recovering nanoparticles is a major challenge in many fields, so this technique is expected to find broad interest across the nanoparticle community.
Welcome to the World of Single-Slope Column-Level Analog-to-Digital Converters for CMOS Image Sensors (2021)

This monograph introduces the reader into basic and advanced aspects of single-slope analog-to-digital converters (SS-ADC) applied in solid-state image sensors. It is based upon the developments that took place over the last three decades in this field. Already in the very early days of CMOS image sensors (CIS), the very first SS-ADC was implemented. The architecture of the SS-ADC is an appealing concept for column-level ADCs in a CIS. Especially the small silicon area occupied by the ADC and the low power consumption are very attractive features. Unfortunately the SS-ADC, as it originally was developed, is relatively slow. This monograph describes all advantages and limitations of the SS-ADC, as well as the various improvements mainly focusing on increasing the conversion speed. On academic as well as on industrial level various optimizations were proposed to make the devices not only faster, but also to increase their performance in terms of noise. Implementation of a digital correlated sampling technique or the application of multiple correlated sampling (without any hardware change) are a couple of examples how SS-ADCs contribute to improved image quality of the CIS. Before diving into various architectures of a SS-ADC, the monograph starts with an overview of some basic building blocks of a CIS. Conceptual improvements are described, finally coming to the so-called “counting SS-ADC”. A relatively large section is devoted to the theoretical analysis of the latter architecture, because this device has a unique combination of speed and low noise, two critical performance parameters for a CMOS image sensor.
Systemic Amyloid Deposits in Familial British Dementia (2001)

Familial British dementia (FBD) is an early onset inherited disorder that, like familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD), is characterized by progressive dementia, amyloid deposition in the brain, and neurofibrillary degeneration of limbic neurons. The primary structure of the amyloid subunit (ABri) extracted from FBD brain tissues (Vidal, R., Frangione, B., Rostagno, A., Mead, S., Revesz, T., Plant, G., and Ghiso, J. (1999) Nature 399, 776-781) is entirely different and unrelated to any previously known amyloid protein. Patients with FBD have a single nucleotide substitution at codon 267 in the BRI2 gene, resulting in an arginine replacing the stop codon and a longer open reading frame of 277 amino acids instead of 266. The ABri peptide comprises the 34 C-terminal residues of the mutated precursor ABriPP-277 and is generated via furin-like proteolytic processing. Here we report that carriers of the Stop-to-Arg mutation have a soluble form of the amyloid peptide (sABri) in the circulation with an estimated concentration in the range of 20 ng/ml, several fold higher than that of soluble Abeta. In addition, ABri species identical to those identified in the brain were also found as fibrillar components of amyloid deposits predominantly in the blood vessels of several peripheral tissues, including pancreas and myocardium. We hypothesize that the high concentration of the soluble de novo created amyloidogenic peptide and/or the insufficient tissue clearance are the main causative factors for the formation of amyloid deposits outside the brain. Thus, FBD constitutes the first documented cerebral amyloidosis associated with neurodegeneration and dementia in which the amyloid deposition is also systemic.
Risdiplam distributes and increases SMN protein in both the central nervous system and peripheral organs (2018)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is a rare, inherited neuromuscular disease caused by deletion and/or mutation of the Survival of Motor Neuron 1 (<i>SMN1)</i> gene. A second gene, <i>SMN2</i>, produces low levels of functional SMN protein that are insufficient to fully compensate for the lack of <i>SMN1</i>. Risdiplam (RG7916; RO7034067) is an orally administered, small-molecule <i>SMN2</i> pre-mRNA splicing modifier that distributes into the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral tissues. To further explore risdiplam distribution, we assessed in vitro characteristics and in vivo drug levels and effect of risdiplam on SMN protein expression in different tissues in animal models. Total drug levels were similar in plasma, muscle, and brain of mice (n = 90), rats (n = 148), and monkeys (n = 24). As expected mechanistically based on its high passive permeability and not being a human multidrug resistance protein 1 substrate, risdiplam CSF levels reflected free compound concentration in plasma in monkeys. Tissue distribution remained unchanged when monkeys received risdiplam once daily for 39 weeks. A parallel dose-dependent increase in SMN protein levels was seen in CNS and peripheral tissues in two SMA mouse models dosed with risdiplam. These in vitro and in vivo preclinical data strongly suggest that functional SMN protein increases seen in patients' blood following risdiplam treatment should reflect similar increases in functional SMN protein in the CNS, muscle, and other peripheral tissues.
Enhanced fluorescence microscopy with the Bull’s eye-plasmonic chip (2017)

A Bull's eye-plasmonic chip composed of concentric circles was applied to enhanced fluorescence microscopy. Among one dimensional (1-D), 2-D, and Bull's eye periodic structures, the Bull's eye-plasmonic chip provided the most enhanced fluorescence intensity under the epi-fluorescence microscope, because incident light through the objective lens with all azimuthal angles can be effectively applied to the surface plasmon resonance- field (excitation field) and the plasmon-enhanced emission was also effectively collected. In the fluorescence observation of a single nanoparticle, the enhanced fluorescence images for a microsphere with ϕ 2 μm and a nanosphere with ϕ 200 nm were observed. For the nanospheres with ϕ 40 and 20 nm, the fluorescence image, which was undetectable on a glass slide, was observed in a spatial resolution of roughly diffraction limit on the Bull's eye-plasmonic chip. Furthermore, the use of an appropriate pinhole at the aperture stop in the incident optical system improved the fluorescence enhancement. The applicability of a Bull's eye-plasmonic chip to fluorescence imaging was demonstrated.
Commentary (2015)

Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona Correspondence: Peter Nakaji, MD, c/o Neuroscience Publications, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, 350 W. Thomas Rd, Phoenix, AZ 85013. E-mail: [email protected]
Laser saturation spectroscopy in the time-delayed mode. Theory of optical free induction decay in coupled Doppler-broadened systems (1978)

This paper describes a new class of techniques, called time-delayed laser saturation spectroscopy, which combine frequency- and time-domain methods of laser spectroscopy to provide a way of studying a molecular system as it evolves from an initially prepared stationary state to a second, final state. The specific example analyzed here is three-level free induction decay, in which the time-dependent gain of a Doppler-broadened molecular transition is probed after the sudden termination of an intense field resonating with a coupled transition. The theoretical calculation is based on the coupled density-matrix equations of motion in the slowly-varying envelope approximation. The time-delayed line shapes, which may be studied in either transmission or side fluorescence, exhibit linewidth asymmetries, line-shape deformations, Ramsey-type fringes, power broadening and dephasing, and dynamic Stark splittings and oscillatory decays. The technique provides a unique way of distinguishing the influence of Raman-type processes from that of population saturation and a means to separately measure the associated decay rates. The relationship of the present work to other studies is also discussed.
On the Efficiency of Image Metrics for Evaluating the Visual Quality of 3D Models (2015)

3D meshes are deployed in a wide range of application processes (e.g., transmission, compression, simplification, watermarking and so on) which inevitably introduce geometric distortions that may alter the visual quality of the rendered data. Hence, efficient model-based perceptual metrics, operating on the geometry of the meshes being compared, have been recently introduced to control and predict these visual artifacts. However, since the 3D models are ultimately visualized on 2D screens, it seems legitimate to use images of the models (i.e., snapshots from different viewpoints) to evaluate their visual fidelity. In this work we investigate the use of image metrics to assess the visual quality of 3D models. For this goal, we conduct a wide-ranging study involving several 2D metrics, rendering algorithms, lighting conditions and pooling algorithms, as well as several mean opinion score databases. The collected data allow (1) to determine the best set of parameters to use for this image-based quality assessment approach and (2) to compare this approach to the best performing model-based metrics and determine for which use-case they are respectively adapted. We conclude by exploring several applications that illustrate the benefits of image-based quality assessment.
Conducted susceptibility diagnosis of vehicle electronic module using correlation between mixed-mode S-parameter measurement and bulk current injection test (2009)

This paper is devoted to the correlation between the mixed-mode S-parameter measurement and the bulk current injection (BCI) test for studying the conducted susceptibility of vehicle electronic module to the external radio frequency (RF) disturbances. The proposed method uses the common-to-differential mode S-parameter to predict the weakness in immunity for a hex inverter IC on different ground plane structures. The prediction can be further verified by the BCI test results.
SATURN: Smart mAritime saTellite terminal for mUltimedia seRvices and conteNts (2012)

The following paper presents the fundamental aspects of the SATURN initiative proposed by a group of Italian companies active in developing of new solutions which exploit the potential of S-band communications. SATURN is the acronym for “Smart mAritime saTellite terminal for mUltimedia seRvices and conteNts”. Using S-band technology will make it possible to provide new services and contents on board small (10 to 24 meters) maritime vessels where satellite services are not usually enabled. The innovation of the paper is the presentation of a new cost effective solution composed of antenna, gateway and plotter in order to address the maritime market segment not covered by other bi-directional communication satellite solutions. The proposed solution will provide new satellite services currently not available while the boats are far from the coast.
Diagnostic imaging expert ; a CD-ROM referencr & review (1998)

MINIMUM SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS: Windows: 3.1.x or higher, 486SX/66 MHz or higher with 16 MB RAM, 160 MB (minimum storage capacity) with at least 6 MB free, double-speed CD-ROM drive, 16-bit sound capability plus speakers, color monitor with display resolution of 640x480 with thousands of colors, two-button mouse, keyboard.
Better protection from blasts without sacrificing situational awareness (2011)

A large number of soldiers returning from war report hearing loss and/or tinnitus. Many deployed soldiers decline to wear their hearing protection devices (HPDs) because they feel that earplugs interfere with their ability to detect and localize the enemy and their friends. The detection problem is easily handled in electronic devices with low-noise microphones. The localization problem is not as easy. In this paper, the factors that reduce situational awareness--hearing loss and restricted bandwidth in HPD devices--are discussed in light of available data, followed by a review of the cues to localization. Two electronic blast plug earplugs with 16-kHz bandwidth are described. Both provide subjectively transparent sound with regard to sound quality and localization, i.e., they sound almost as if nothing is in the ears, while protecting the ears from blasts. Finally, two formal experiments are described which investigated localization performance compared to popular existing military HPDs and the open ear. The tested earplugs performed well regarding maintaining situational awareness. Detection-distance and acceptance studies are underway.
Convergence of an adaptive filter with signed filtered error (1994)

The need for high-speed adaptive filters has prompted the search for alternatives to the popular LMS algorithm. One modification is the replacement of the prediction error term in the LMS update kernel by its signum function. At the same time, in noise and echo cancellation problems, reduced residual noise variance often requires error filtering. In the paper, the authors consider the situation where the signum function of such a filtered error appears in the update kernel. Without the signum function, the error model of the filtered algorithms is similar to those in output error identifiers, and a strictly positive real (SPR) error filter suffices for convergence. The authors analyze the signed filtered error algorithm to show that because of the sign operator a SPR error filter no longer guarantees convergence. A new concept in systems theory, namely, that of strictly dominant passivity (SDP) is introduced instead. A system is SDP if the average product of its output and the signum of the input is positive. The authors conduct a systems theoretic investigation of the SDP condition and prove that the algorithm under study is convergent if the inverse of the error filter is SDP.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Full Discharges in Fermilab’s Electron Cooler (2006)

Fermilab’s 4.3 MeV electron cooler is based on an electrostatic accelerator, which generates a DC electron beam in an energy recovery mode. Effective cooling of the antiprotons in the Recycler requires that the beam remains stable for hours. While short beam interruptions do not deteriorate the performance of the Recycler ring, the beam may provoke full discharges in the accelerator, which significantly affect the duty factor of the machine as well as the reliability of various components. Although cooling of 8 GeV antiprotons has been successfully achieved, full discharges still occur in the current setup. The paper describes factors leading to full discharges and ways to prevent them.
Intratympanic Administration of Dieckol Prevents Ototoxic Hearing Loss (2022)

Intratympanic local delivery of dieckol may be a safe and effective method to prevent ototoxic hearing loss.
Introduction to the Special Issue on USENIX FAST 2019 (2019)

No abstract available.