gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-power magnetron transmitter as an RF source for the electron collider ring of the MEIC facility (2014)

A novel concept of high-power transmitters utilizing the Continuous Wave (CW) magnetrons, frequency-locked by phase-modulated signals has been proposed to compensate energy losses caused by Synchrotron Radiation (SR) in the electron ring of the MEIC facility. At operating frequency of about 750 MHz the SR losses are ~2 MW. They can be compensated by some number of Superconducting RF (SRF) cavities at the feeding power of about 100-200 kW per cavity. A high-power CW transmitters, based on magnetrons, frequency-locked by phase-modulated signal, allowing a wide-band control in phase and power, and associated with a wide-band closed feedback loop are proposed to feed the SRF cavities to compensate the SR losses of the electron beam in the MEIC collider electron ring.
New progress in electron-injection detectors for NIR imagers with low noise and high frame rates (2016)

This article reports the progress on the development of a novel detector with the promise of addressing the needs of extreme AO (ExAO) in the near-IR band (NIR), 0.9-1.7 &mu;m. The camera is based on the electron injection mechanism which resembles how the human eye processes light. The camera design allows high sensitivity operation at TEC reachable temperatures for ExAO at 1-4 kHz frame rates, and at the same time the concept produces sufficient gain to overcome the read noise of the device. Here we present the overall design, test results on Gen-1 (outdated but operable) camera, along with early results of our next generation of detectors.
High-throughput physical phenotyping of cell differentiation (2017)

In this report, we present multiparameter deformability cytometry (m-DC), in which we explore a large set of parameters describing the physical phenotypes of pluripotent cells and their derivatives. m-DC utilizes microfluidic inertial focusing and hydrodynamic stretching of single cells in conjunction with high-speed video recording to realize high-throughput characterization of over 20 different cell motion and morphology-derived parameters. Parameters extracted from videos include size, deformability, deformation kinetics, and morphology. We train support vector machines that provide evidence that these additional physical measurements improve classification of induced pluripotent stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, neural stem cells, and their derivatives compared to size and deformability alone. In addition, we utilize visual interactive stochastic neighbor embedding to visually map the high-dimensional physical phenotypic spaces occupied by these stem cells and their progeny and the pathways traversed during differentiation. This report demonstrates the potential of m-DC for improving understanding of physical differences that arise as cells differentiate and identifying cell subpopulations in a label-free manner. Ultimately, such approaches could broaden our understanding of subtle changes in cell phenotypes and their roles in human biology.
The Electrolyte Genome project: A big data approach in battery materials discovery (2015)

We present a high-throughput infrastructure for the automated calculation of molecular properties with a focus on battery electrolytes. The infrastructure is largely open-source and handles both practical aspects (input file generation, output file parsing, and information management) as well as more complex problems (structure matching, salt complex generation, and failure recovery). Using this infrastructure, we have computed the ionization potential (IP) and electron affinities (EA) of 4830 molecules relevant to battery electrolytes (encompassing almost 55,000 quantum mechanics calculations) at the B3LYP/6-31+G∗ level. We describe automated workflows for computing redox potential, dissociation constant, and salt-molecule binding complex structure generation. We present routines for automatic recovery from calculation errors, which brings the failure rate from 9.2% to 0.8% for the QChem DFT code. Automated algorithms to check duplication between two arbitrary molecules and structures are described. We present benchmark data on basis sets and functionals on the G2-97 test set; one finding is that a IP/EA calculation method that combines PBE geometry optimization and B3LYP energy evaluation requires less computational cost and yields nearly identical results as compared to a full B3LYP calculation, and could be suitable for the calculation of large molecules. Our data indicates that among the 8 functionals tested, XYGJ-OS and B3LYP are the two best functionals to predict IP/EA with an RMSE of 0.12 and 0.27 eV, respectively. Application of our automated workflow to a large set of quinoxaline derivative molecules shows that functional group effect and substitution position effect can be separated for IP/EA of quinoxaline derivatives, and the most sensitive position is different for IP and EA.
Helical Chirality and Enantiotopomerization Process of a Photochromic Furylfulgide (1994)

Abstract A photochromic furylfulgide, (E)-2-[1-(2,5-dimethyl-3-furyl)-2-methylpropylidene]-3-isopropylidenesuccinic anhydride, was shown to be chiral. Its enantiotopomerization process was observed by variable temperature 1H NMR measurement, and ΔH≠(obs) was 52.9 ± 8.1 kJ mol−1. AM1 calculation showed ΔH≠(calc) to be 51.5 kJ mol−1.
First Observation of the DecayBc+→J/ψπ+π−π+ (2012)

The decay B(c)(+) → J/ψπ(+) π(-) π(+) is observed for the first time, using 0.8 fb(-1) of pp collisions at sqrt[s] = 7 TeV collected by the LHCb experiment. The ratio of branching fractions B(B(c)(+) → J/ψπ(+) π(-) π(+))/B(B(c)(+)→J/ψπ^{+}) is measured to be 2.41 ± 0.30 ± 0.33, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. The result is in agreement with theoretical predictions.
Use of subwavelength gratings in TIR incidence as achromatic phase shifters (2005)

Nulling interferometry constitutes a very promising technique in observational astrophysics. This method consists in attenuating the signal of a bright astrophysical object in order to detect much fainter nearby features, e.g. exoplanets around their host star. An on-axis destructive interference is created by adjusting the phases of the beams coming from various telescopes. The huge flux ratio between the parent star and the planet (106 in the thermal infrared) requires unprecedented high performance broadband phase shifters. We present a new design for these key components called Achromatic Phase Shifters (APS). We propose to use subwavelength diffractive optical elements under total internal reflection (TIR) incidence. Our component can be seen as an evolution of the Fresnel Rhomb technology.
Second-order Shape Optimization for Geometric Inverse Problems in Vision (2013)

We develop a method for optimization in shape spaces, i.e., sets of surfaces modulo re-parametrization. Unlike previously proposed gradient flows, we achieve superlinear convergence rates through a subtle approximation of the shape Hessian, which is generally hard to compute and suffers from a series of degeneracies. Our analysis highlights the role of mean curvature motion in comparison with first-order schemes: instead of surface area, our approach penalizes deformation, either by its Dirichlet energy or total variation. Latter regularizer sparks the development of an alternating direction method of multipliers on triangular meshes. Therein, a conjugate-gradients solver enables us to bypass formation of the Gaussian normal equations appearing in the course of the overall optimization. We combine all of the aforementioned ideas in a versatile geometric variation-regularized Levenberg-Marquardt-type method applicable to a variety of shape functionals, depending on intrinsic properties of the surface such as normal field and curvature as well as its embedding into space. Promising experimental results are reported.
Dual resonant compact frequency agile microstrip antenna (2016)

In this contribution, an efficient miniature dual resonant frequency agile antenna for LTE band 20 communication device is presented. The antenna instantaneous bandwidth has been reduced from 71 MHz to two 10 MHz wide frequency band in order to only cover one band 20 channel at a time. This bandwidth reduction has enabled the antenna miniaturization without significant impact on its radiation efficiency. Frequency agility has been used to keep the antenna capable to cover all the band 20 channels. The presented design exhibits a reflection coefficient lower than -10 dB and an efficiency higher than 70% over the whole LTE band 20 despites a miniaturization factor of 3 compared to classical solutions.
La Induced Passivation of High-k Bulk and Interface Defects in Polycrystalline Silicon/TiN/HfLaSiO/SiO2 Stacks (2011)

La incorporation into Hf-based gate dielectrics is a promising methodology for achieving low threshold voltage ( V th ) metal/high- k n-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (nMOSFETs) with the gate-first process. To clarify the impact of the Hf/La ratio in high- k dielectrics on device performance, we investigated high- k bulk and interface traps of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si)/TiN/HfLaSiO/SiO 2 stacks with various Hf/La ratios. We found that La incorporation is effective for improving electron mobility; however, in a pure LaSiO device, the mobility is degraded. Our charge-pumping (CP) measurements revealed that both high- k bulk traps and near-interface traps ( N it ) near the conduction band, which cause mobility degradation, can be effectively passivated by La incorporation. These results imply that an optimized La ratio will lead to superior nMOSFET performance, while an appropriate V th can be tuned.
Efficacy of NZ2114, a Novel Plectasin-Derived Cationic Antimicrobial Peptide Antibiotic, in Experimental Endocarditis Due to Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2011)

Cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) play important roles in host immune defenses. Plectasin is a defensin-like CAP isolated from the saprophytic fungus Pseudoplectania nigrella. NZ2114 is a novel variant of plectasin with potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. In this study, we investigated (i) the in vivo pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) characteristics of NZ2114 and (ii) the in vivo efficacy of NZ2114 in comparison with those of two conventional antibiotics, vancomycin or daptomycin, in an experimental rabbit infective endocarditis (IE) model due to a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain (ATCC 33591). All NZ2114 regimens (5, 10, and 20 mg/kg of body weight, intravenously [i.v.], twice daily for 3 days) significantly decreased MRSA densities in cardiac vegetations, kidneys, and spleen versus those in untreated controls, except in one scenario (5 mg/kg, splenic MRSA counts). The efficacy of NZ2114 was clearly dose dependent in all target tissues. At 20 mg/kg, NZ2114 showed a significantly greater efficacy than vancomycin (P < 0.001) and an efficacy similar to that of daptomycin. Of importance, only NZ2114 (in 10- and 20-mg/kg regimens) prevented posttherapy relapse in cardiac vegetations, kidneys, and spleen, while bacterial counts in these target tissues continued to increase in vancomycin- and daptomycin-treated animals. These in vivo efficacies were equivalent and significantly correlated with three PK indices investigated: fC(max)/MIC (the maximum concentration of the free, unbound fraction of a drug in serum divided by the MIC), fAUC/MIC (where AUC is the area under the concentration-time curve), and f%T(>MIC) (%T(>MIC) is the cumulative percentage of a 24-h period that the drug concentration exceeds the MIC under steady-state pharmacokinetic conditions), as analyzed by a sigmoid maximum-effect (E(max)) model (R(2) > 0.69). The superior efficacy of NZ2114 in this MRSA IE model suggests the potential for further development of this compound for treating serious MRSA infections.
1-Butene Polymerization with Ethylenebis-(1-indenyl)zirconium Bichloride and Methylaluminoxane Catalyst System (1992)

Butene-1 polymerizations were performed with and without hydrogen addition using ethylenebis(1-indenyl)zirconium dichloride and methylaluminoxane catalyst system. The catalyst activity was remarkably enhanced by 60-70 times by addition of hydrogen. The obtained polymers were characterized by 13C NMR, DSC and intrinsic viscosity measurements. The reason for the activity enhancement by hydrogen addition is discussed on the basis of the analytical data.
Extended depth-of-field light-sheet microscopy improves imaging of large volumes at high numerical aperture (2022)

Light-sheet microscopes must compromise between field of view, optical sectioning, resolution, and detection efficiency. High-numerical-aperture (NA) detection objective lenses provide high resolution but their narrow depth of field fails to capture effectively the fluorescence signal generated by the illumination light sheets, in imaging large volumes. Here, we present ExD-SPIM (extended depth-of-field selective-plane illumination microscopy), an improved light-sheet microscopy strategy that solves this limitation by extending the depth of field (DOF) of high-NA detection objectives to match the thickness of the illumination light sheet. This extension of the DOF uses a phase mask to axially stretch the point-spread function of the objective lens while largely preserving lateral resolution. This matching of the detection DOF to the illumination-sheet thickness increases total fluorescence collection, reduces background, and improves the overall signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We demonstrate, through numerical simulations and imaging of bead phantoms as well as living animals, that ExD-SPIM increases the SNR by more than three-fold and dramatically reduces the rate of fluorescence photobleaching, when compared to a low-NA system with an equivalent depth of field. Compared to conventional high-NA detection, ExD-SPIM improves the signal sensitivity and volumetric coverage of whole-brain activity imaging, increasing the number of detected neurons by over a third.
Lanthanoid Triflate Catalyzed Preparation of β,β‐Difluorohomopropargyl Alcohols in Aqueous Media. Application to the Synthesis of 4,4‐Difluoroisochromans. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Compact Metasurface-Enabled Dual-Band Dual-Circularly Polarized Antenna Loaded With Complementary Split Ring Resonators (2018)

In this paper, the design and experimental validation of a novel miniaturized dual-band dual-circularly polarized (CP) metasurface (MS) antenna is reported. The proposed antenna is enabled by an engineered MS-based artificial ground that supports simultaneous dual-band functionality and dual-CP unidirectional radiation. The artificial ground is a highly truncated dual-layer MS containing an array of 2 × 2 unit cells. Each unit cell is comprised by a patch and a complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) printed on the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate, respectively. A printed feeding monopole antenna is integrated with the MS to form a low-profile dual-band dualCP antenna with a thickness of 0.04λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , where λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> is the free-space wavelength at the first operational band. A dispersion analysis of the unit cell is carried out both analytically and numerically to illustrate the working principle of the proposed antenna. This reveals that the bianisotropic response and the orientation of the CSRRs jointly provide distinct dispersion behavior along two orthogonal directions of the dual-layer MS, enabling the desired dual-band dual-CP radiation. Moreover, the CSRRs also facilitate antenna miniaturization, yielding an overall footprint of only 0.33λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> × 0.33λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> . In order to verify the antenna design, a prototype is fabricated and tested, and strong agreement between simulated and measured results is observed, experimentally achieving a 50 MHz bandwidth, and a peak gain of 3.95 and 5.29 dBi at the two targeted bands with opposite handedness for the radiated waves.
New Method of Simulation to Evaluate the Sensitivity to Oxidation of Lubricating Oils: An Aging Cell Coupled with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (2008)

This study presents a new method for evaluating the oxidation of lubricating oils. An aging cell adapted to a Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer allows the continuous and direct study of the oxidative aging of base oils. During the test, oxidation bands appeared in the spectra (carbonyl bands around 1730 cm(-1)). The graphic representation of the carbonyl band modification--using a spectroscopic index--makes it possible to monitor the evolution of the lubricant composition. Comparing the oxidation constants, determined from the kinetic plots of several base oils, makes it possible to evaluate their relative sensitivity.
The proteome of perilymph in patients with vestibular schwannoma. A possibility to identify biomarkers for tumor associated hearing loss? (2018)

The proteome of perilymph in patients with vestibular schwannoma has an inter-individual stable section. However, even in a cohort with homogenous disease, the variation between individuals represented the majority of the detected proteins. Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein, P02765, was shown to be an independent variable for tumor-associated hearing loss, a finding that needs to be verified in other studies. In pathway analysis perilymph had highly enriched functions, particularly in terms of increased immune and metabolic processes.
The Substrate and Composition Dependence of Plasma Polymer Stability (2009)

Abstract Film stability of functionalised plasma polymer (PP) films in aqueous environments is an issue. Whilst methods are routinely employed to enhance aqueous stability, the issue itself has not previously been systematically studied. Herein, we describe a method using gradient PP surfaces whereby aqueous stability can be explored as a function of PP composition and substratum. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is used to examine PP films on glass and Thermanox “as‐prepared” and post‐immersion (24 h) in distilled H 2 O. Our data indicate stability becomes an issue with increase in functionalisation, but that functionalised PPs are much more stable when deposited on polymeric Thermanox than when deposited onto glass. Substratum influence in PP films thicker than the XPS sampling depth is a surprise. magnified image
Propagation of a premixed flame in a divided-chamber combustor (1987)

The propagation of premixed ethylene-air mixtures (of 0.5, 0.525, 0.55, and 0.65 equivalence ratios) in a divided-chamber combustor was investigated. The vessel, divided by a small cylindrical prechamber, had optical access (for laser-schlieren videography) and was instrumented by a pressure transducer. For the Reynolds numbers of 1870, 2300, and 2830, the observed spatial development of the laminar flames showed that the flame position and shape could be scaled by a characteristic time, based on the burned gas flame speed and the length of the prechamber. Above a Reynolds number of 4330, this scaling breaks down the appearance of Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities. The observed flame propagation was compared with predictions obtained with a numerical model of flame propagation. The calculated spatial and temporal development of the flame in the main combustion chamber agreed with the experimental observations only for the lowest Reynolds number (1870).
Structure, bonding, and reactivity of molybdenum η3-cyclohexenone complexes in comparison with their cyclopentenone analogues: η3-allyl/η4-diene conversion ‡ (1997)

The neutral η3-cyclohexenone complexes [Mo(η3-C6H7O)(CO)2(MeCN)2Br] 1, [Mo(η3-C6H7O)(CO)2{HB(pz)3}] 2, [Mo(η3-C6H7O)(CO)2(bipy)Br] 3 (bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) and [Mo(η3-C6H7O)(CO)2(dppm)Br] 4 (dppm = Ph2PCH2PPh2) have been synthesized. The structure of 2 has been determined by X-ray crystallography. All these complexes resist hydride abstraction using Ph3C+PF6–, in sharp contrast to the η3-cyclopentenone analogues where η3-allyl/η4-diene conversion is a facile process. A rationale for this different behaviour is provided by extended-Hückel calculations combined with a Walsh analysis of hydrogen abstraction. Thus, while in the η3-C5H5O → η4-C5H4O conversion a Möbius system is formed upon release of hydride via electrophilic attack, this is not possible in the hypothetical η3-C6H7O → η4-C6H6O process. Therefore, η3-C6H7O is a C–H acid. Also, the occurrence of different conformations, exo for allyl and endo for diene complexes, is rationalized.
Nanoporous platinum thin films synthesized by electrochemical dealloying for nonenzymatic glucose detection (2012)

Nanoporous Pt thin films were prepared by simultaneous deposition of Pt and Si and subsequent dealloying of Si out of the Pt(x)Si(1-x) films. The x values were easily controlled in the range of 0.10 to 0.90 by the distances between the sample position and the target positions and by the plasma power for the targets. With a roughness factor of around 40, the nanoporous Pt films showed enough sensitivity, selectivity, and detection limit for glucose and interfering species. Multiple nanoporous Pt films with similar roughness factors were easily fabricated using this method, which showed good enough and similar performance to other reported glucose sensors, suggesting a simple and quality controlled manufacturing method for nanoporous Pt films as nonenzymatic glucose sensors.
Exploring SAR ATR with neural networks: going beyond accuracy (2022)

Deep neural networks have recently demonstrated state-of-the-art accuracy on public Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) benchmark datasets. While attaining competitive accuracy on benchmark datasets is a necessary feature, it is important to characterize other facets of new SAR ATR algorithms. We extend this recent work by demonstrating not only improved state-of-the-art accuracy, but that contemporary deep neural networks can achieve several algorithmic traits beyond competitive accuracy which are necessitated by operational deployment scenarios. First, we employ several saliency map algorithms to provide explainability and insight into understanding black-box classifier decisions. Second, we collect and implement numerous data augmentation routines and training improvements both from the computer vision literature and specific to SAR ATR data in order to further improve model domain adaptation performance from synthetic to measured data, achieving a 99.26% accuracy on SAMPLE validation with a simple network architecture. Finally, we survey model reproducibility and performance variability under domain adaptation from synthetic to measured data, demonstrating potential consequences of training on only synthetic data.