gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extra-Amniotic Saline Infusion Increases Cesarean Risk versus Other Induction Methods and Spontaneous Labor (2006)

Extra-amniotic saline infusion (EASI) via a Foley catheter has been thought to be comparable in efficacy to other induction and cervical ripening methods. This study examines the risk of cesarean delivery associated with EASI compared with spontaneous labor and other methods of cervical ripening. A retrospective cohort study based upon deliveries at Bellevue Hospital Center from August 2000 to December 2002 was conducted. Three groups were identified: EASI, other methods of induction such as prostaglandins and oxytocin administration, and spontaneous labor. Pairwise comparisons were performed using analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis to control for confounding variables. There were 625 charts evaluated: including 171 with EASI, 190 with other induction methods, and 264 with spontaneous labor. The rates of cesarean section were 33.9%, 17.9%, and 7.2%, respectively. When compared with spontaneous labor, there was a higher risk of cesarean delivery for subjects induced with other methods (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 2.4; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3 to 4.5; P < 0.001), and for those induced with EASI (adjusted OR, 5.5; 95% CI, 3.1 to 9.9; P < 0.001). When EASI was compared with other methods of induction, the risk of cesarean delivery was still increased (adjusted OR, 2.3; 95% CI, 1.4 to 3.8; P = 0.001). EASI is associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery compared with spontaneous labor and other methods of cervical ripening.
Infrared and Raman study of amorphous V2O5 (1982)

Abstract Amorphous V 2 O 5 can be obtained by cooling from the melt. This amorphous oxide is very sensitive to water vapour and can even be dissolved in water to give a vanadium pentoxide gel. The hydration process has been followed by infrared and Raman spectroscopy between 20 and 4000 cm −1 . Short‐range order in the amorphous oxide appears to be almost the same as in orthorhombic V 2 O 5 . The amorphous phase could even be described as made of small crystallites about 100 Å in diameter. The structure of amorphous V 2 O 5 does not seem to be modified by water adsorption, at least during the first stages of the hydration process. However, a drastic modification occurs when enough water is added to give a gel. A general shift to lower frequencies is observed, indicating a weakening of the VO bonds, presumably associated with the formation of new VOH 2 bonds. Two different water species have been identified, one of which seems to be almost free of hydrogen bonding. Short‐range order in the gels seems to be quite well defined and the spectra could be interpreted either in terms of crystallites, as in amorphous V 2 O 5 , or in terms of molecular (or macromolecular) species containing V 2 O 5 , (H 2 O), groups.
Creating autonomous networks with intent-based closed loops (2022)

Intent-based operation is a new paradigm for telecommunication systems that is essential to the creation of autonomous networks.
Plate Section (2014)

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Anywhere in the home (2002)

The home PC, and the home computing environment in general, has undergone a significant evolution. We trace this evolution, and argue that the time is ripe for the development of an integrated networking infrastructure within the home, with the home PC as the focal point. Consumers to whom we have talked have definite ideas on what they would like to do with this infrastructure, and we discuss both their desires and their concerns. We present a high-level architecture for home networking, and describe IBM products and prototypes that represent the early stages of implementing this architecture.
The orphan receptor Gpr83 regulates systemic energy metabolism via ghrelin-dependent and ghrelin-independent mechanisms (2013)

The G protein-coupled receptor 83 (Gpr83) is widely expressed in brain regions regulating energy metabolism. Here we report that hypothalamic expression of Gpr83 is regulated in response to nutrient availability and is decreased in obese mice compared with lean mice. In the arcuate nucleus, Gpr83 colocalizes with the ghrelin receptor (Ghsr1a) and the agouti-related protein. In vitro analyses show heterodimerization of Gpr83 with Ghsr1a diminishes activation of Ghsr1a by acyl-ghrelin. The orexigenic and adipogenic effect of ghrelin is accordingly potentiated in Gpr83-deficient mice. Interestingly, Gpr83 knock-out mice have normal body weight and glucose tolerance when fed a regular chow diet, but are protected from obesity and glucose intolerance when challenged with a high-fat diet, despite hyperphagia and increased hypothalamic expression of agouti-related protein, Npy, Hcrt and Ghsr1a. Together, our data suggest that Gpr83 modulates ghrelin action but also indicate that Gpr83 regulates systemic metabolism through other ghrelin-independent pathways.
Adaptive MIMO-OFDM based on partial channel state information (2003)

Relative to designs assuming no channel knowledge at the transmitter, considerably improved communications become possible when adapting the transmitter to the intended propagation channel. As perfect knowledge is rarely available, transmitter designs based on partial channel state information (CSI) are of paramount importance, not only because they are more practical, but also because they encompass the perfect- and no-knowledge paradigms. Relying on partial CSI, the paper designs adaptive orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) transmissions, that maximize the transmission rate over frequency-selective multi-input multi-output (MIMO) fading links. The adaptive transmitter parameters include beamformer weights and their power per OFDM subcarrier, as well as the power and bit loading across OFDM subcarriers. Our simulations confirm that adaptive two-directional beamforming combined with adaptive MIMO-OFDM improves the transmission rate considerably.
The B Cell Response to Transplantation Antigens (2010)

Transplantation, historically attributed to be T cell driven, is experiencing a revision regarding the criticality of B cells. This reconsideration has evolved in part from the unexpected benefits of preventing allograft rejection by specific targeting of B cells. These functional observations, coupled with strong correlations between incidence of graft dysfunction and the presence of high titers of donor-specific antibody and complement C4d deposition in the allograft, suggest that controlling B cell activity during transplantation may be necessary to improving our current immunosuppression protocols. In this review, we describe the fundamental features of B cell biology and discuss how they pertain to transplantation.
Partial image revivals in a multi-channel directional-coupler (2010)

We describe and analyze the phenomenon of partial image revivals in a multi-channel directional-coupler (MCDC) structure. Using supermodes, a MCDC is described as a composite waveguide structure and then analyzed in terms of multi-mode interference and the principle of self-imaging. As we bring the waveguides in the array closer together the supermodes beat to form partial images in between the complete mirror- and self-images. In this case, we have the advantage of the increased coupling and hence shorter image lengths, but with the disadvantage that the images are partial revivals of the input field. Nonetheless, we can take advantage of the partial image revivals that occur near complete mirror- and self-images, as they are almost complete images themselves. To demonstrate the use of this phenomenon we describe the simple design of a compact 1&times;2 wavelength division multiplexer based on a MCDC. The design highlights a trade-off between device length and isolation ratio, where although we use the partial self-image at 1.55 &mu;m for a more compact device, the trade-off is a reduced isolation ratio when compared to 1.3 &mu;m where a complete mirror-image is present.
Supplementary Figures S1-S7 from ER-851, a Novel Selective Inhibitor of AXL, Overcomes Resistance to Antimitotic Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Data Figure S1-S7&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of 5‐exo Cyclizations of N‐Alkyl‐4‐pentenaminyl Radicals and . beta.‐Fragmentations of β‐(Dialkylamino)alkyl Radicals. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Concomitant administration of recombinant human interleukin-2 and recombinant interferon alfa-2A: an active outpatient regimen in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. (1992)

IL-2 and IFN-alpha-2A is well tolerated in the outpatient treatment setting and demonstrates significant clinical activity against RCCa.
Computational metabolomics illuminates the lineage-specific diversification of resin glycoside acylsugars in the morning glory (Convolvulaceae) family (2021)

Abstract Acylsugars are a class of plant defense compounds produced across many distantly related families. Members of the horticulturally important morning glory (Convolvulaceae) family produce a diverse sub-class of acylsugars called resin glycosides (RGs), which comprise oligosaccharide cores, hydroxyacyl chain(s), and decorating aliphatic and aromatic acyl chains. While many RG structures are characterized, the extent of structural diversity of this class in different genera and species is not known. In this study, we asked whether there has been lineage-specific diversification of RG structures in different Convolvulaceae species that may suggest diversification of the underlying biosynthetic pathways. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed from root and leaf extracts of 26 species sampled in a phylogeny-guided manner. LC-MS/MS revealed thousands of peaks with signature RG fragmentation patterns with one species producing over 300 signals, mirroring the diversity in Solanaceae-type acylsugars. A novel RG from Dichondra argentea was characterized using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy, supporting previous observations of RGs with open hydroxyacyl chains instead of closed macrolactone ring structures. Substantial lineage-specific differentiation in utilization of sugars, hydroxyacyl chains, and decorating acyl chains was discovered, especially among Ipomoea and Convolvulus – the two largest genera in Convolvulaceae. Adopting a computational, knowledge-based strategy, we further developed a high-recall workflow that successfully explained ~72% of the MS/MS fragments, predicted the structural components of 11/13 previously characterized RGs, and partially annotated ~45% of the RGs. Overall, this study improves our understanding of phytochemical diversity and lays a foundation for characterizing the evolutionary mechanisms underlying RG diversification.
Effect of multiple-dose treatment with daridorexant on nighttime respiratory function in patients with mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) (2020)

Former classes of sleep medications may affect nighttime respiratory function. Daridorexant is a dual orexin receptor antagonist developed for the treatment of insomnia. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-period, crossover study evaluated whether multiple-dose (5 nights) administration of the highest phase 3 dose of 50 mg daridorexant produced a clinically meaningful effect on apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) during total sleep time (TST), i.e., treatment difference (daridorexant–placebo) ≥ 5 events/h in patients with mild and moderate OSA. AHI and oxygen saturation (SaO<sub>2</sub>) during non-REM and REM sleep as well as safety and tolerability were also evaluated. Of 28 subjects enrolled, 25 (OSA intensity: 15 mild–10 moderate, mean [standard deviation] AHI: 16.3 [8.2]events/h) completed the study and were included in the analysis. After multiple dosing of 50 mg daridorexant, mean AHI during TST was not different from placebo (0.74 [90% CI: -1.43–2.92]events/h), indicating that daridorexant has no clinically meaningful effect on AHI. No effect was observed on SaO<sub>2</sub> during TST (mean treatment difference of -0.18 [90% CI: -0.70–0.34]%). Evaluation of AHI and SaO<sub>2</sub> during non-REM and REM sleep also showed no differences between daridorexant and placebo. No SAEs occurred. Overall, 9/28 subjects (32.1%) reported at least 1 treatment-emergent adverse event, none of them related to respiratory function. Overall, no effects on vital signs, ECG, or laboratory variables were detected after daridorexant administration. Our results show that daridorexant does not impair nighttime respiratory function in patients with mild and moderate OSA.
Experimental Demonstration of All-Optical Polarization Multiplexing and Polarization Demultiplexing between Two 50-Gbit/s Channels and a Single 100-Gbit/s Channel (2010)

We demonstrate all optical multiplexing and demultiplexing between two WDM 50-Gbit/s channels and a single Polarization Multiplexed 100-Gbit/s. Both On-Off-Keying and Differential Phase-Shift-Keying formats are shown.
The pluses and minuses of obtaining measurements from digital scans (2009)

Abstract. Digital scanners are commonplace and are used in many different applications to obtain three-dimensional shapes and linear and circumferential measurements. Even though scanners can be highly accurate, measurements obtained from scanners can vary depending on how an object is scanned, aligned and processed. In this study, we examined the effect of three different alignment methods of foot scans and their effects on ten different measure-ments. Variations among methods in capturing foot length are relatively small relative to arch length. The foot girths can be quite sensitive to the registration process depending on the complexity of the algorithms used. As expected, lin-ear and girth measurements based on anatomical landmarks will always be in-dependent of any registration process and are thus good ways to obtain repeat-able measurements.
Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics of Fosmanogepix (APX001) in the Treatment of Candida Endophthalmitis and Hematogenous Meningoencephalitis in Nonneutropenic Rabbits (2020)

<i>Candida</i> endophthalmitis is a serious sight-threatening complication of candidemia that may occur before or during antifungal therapy. Hematogenous <i>Candida</i> meningoencephalitis (HCME) is also a serious manifestation of disseminated candidiasis in premature infants, immunosuppressed children, and immunocompromised adults. We evaluated the antifungal efficacy and pharmacokinetics of the prodrug fosmanogepix (APX001) in a rabbit model of endophthalmitis/HCME. Manogepix (APX001A), the active moiety of prodrug fosmanogepix, inhibits the fungal enzyme Gwt1 and is highly active <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> against <i>Candida</i> spp., <i>Aspergillus</i> spp., and other fungal pathogens. Plasma pharmacokinetics of manogepix after oral administration of fosmanogepix on day 6 at 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg resulted in maximum concentration of drug in plasma (<i>C</i><sub>max</sub>) of 3.96 ± 0.41, 4.14 ± 1.1, and 11.5 ± 1.1 μg/ml, respectively, and area under the concentration-time curve from 0 to 12 h (AUC<sub>0-12</sub>) of 15.8 ± 3.1, 30.8 ± 5.0, 95.9 ± 14 μg<i>·</i>h/ml, respectively. Manogepix penetrated the aqueous humor, vitreous, and choroid with liquid-to-plasma ratios ranging from 0.19 to 0.52, 0.09 to 0.12, and 0.02 to 0.04, respectively. These concentrations correlated with a significant decrease in <i>Candida albicans</i> burden in vitreous (>10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>3</sup> log CFU/g) and choroid (>10<sup>1</sup> to 10<sup>3</sup> log CFU/g) (<i>P ≤ </i>0.05 and <i>P ≤ </i>0.001, respectively). The aqueous humor had no detectable <i>C. albicans</i> in treatment and control groups. The tissue/plasma concentration ratios of manogepix in meninges, cerebrum, cerebellum, and spinal cord were approximately 1:1, which correlated with a >10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> decline of <i>C. albicans</i> in tissue versus control (<i>P ≤ </i>0.05). Serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (1→3)-β-d-glucan levels demonstrated significant declines in response to fosmanogepix treatment. These findings provide an experimental foundation for fosmanogepix in treatment of <i>Candida</i> endophthalmitis and HCME and derisk the clinical trials of candidemia and invasive candidiasis.
AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterostructure for high-power III-N field-effect transistors (2003)

We propose and demonstrate an AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN double heterostructure (DH) with significantly improved two-dimensional (2D) confinement for high-power III-N heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs). The DH was grown directly on an AlN buffer over i-SiC substrate. It enables an excellent confinement of the 2D gas and also does not suffer from the parasitic channel formation as experienced in past designs grown over GaN buffer layers. Elimination of the GaN buffer modifies the strain distribution in the DH, enabling Al contents in the barrier region well over 30%. For the AlGaN/GaN/AlGaN DH design, the 2D electron gas mobility achieved was 1150 cm2/V s at room temperature and 3400 cm2/V s at 77 K, whereas the temperature independent sheet carrier density was NS≈1.1×1013 cm−2. Compared to a regular AlGaN/GaN structure, the channel mobility-concentration profiling shows significant improvement in the carrier confinement. Sample DHFETs with 1-μm long gates demonstrate the threshold voltage of 3.5 V, with a peak saturation current of 0.6–0.8 A/mm.
The Comparative Study to Enhance Board Level Reliability Performance of Wafer Level Package At 0.25 mm Pitch Using Micro-Ball Drop and Electroplated Solder Technology (2017)

In this study, the board level reliability of WLP at 0.25mm pitch has been evaluated by employing board level reliability test following JEDEC include thermal cycling, drop shock and cyclic 4-point bend tests to verify the performance of shrunk bump size. The WLP test vehicle has been designed with 4-layer stack up structure, 4.0 × 4.0 mm die size and 15 × 15 ball array. The shrunk bumps of test vehicles were formed by using micro-ball drop and electroplated lead free solder bumping process after UBM plating completed. The shrunk bump size in WLP at 0.25mm ball pitch will enhance the risk of board level solder joint fatigue due to lower standoff height and smaller diameter of solder joint (higher bump stress concentration). In this work, we also evaluated different 4-layer WLP stack up structures for key design parameters including polyimide, RDL and UBM layers to reduce solder joint stress and thus enhance BLR performance All the study legs passed drop test with the 1st fail >100 drops and passed 200K times cyclic bend test without any failure. The TCT performance of micro-ball drop bumped legs showed better results with 1st fail passed 500X cycles. The drop, bend test and TCT performance are improved by new bump stack-up designs.
Operating Massive MIMO in Unlicensed Bands for Enhanced Coexistence and Spatial Reuse (2016)

We propose to operate massive multiple-input multiple output (MIMO) cellular base stations (BSs) in unlicensed bands. We denote such system as massive MIMO unlicensed (mMIMO-U). We design the key procedures required at a cellular BS to guarantee coexistence with nearby Wi-Fi devices operating in the same band. In particular, spatial reuse is enhanced by actively suppressing interference towards neighboring Wi-Fi devices. Wi-Fi interference rejection is also performed during an enhanced listen-before-talk (LBT) phase. These operations enable Wi-Fi devices to access the channel as though no cellular BSs were transmitting, and vice versa. Under concurrent Wi-Fi and BS transmissions, the downlink rates attainable by cellular user equipment (UEs) are degraded by the Wi-Fi-generated interference. To mitigate this effect, we select a suitable set of UEs to be served in the unlicensed band accounting for a measure of the Wi-Fi/UE proximity. Our results show that the so-designed mMIMO-U allows simultaneous cellular and Wi-Fi transmissions by keeping their mutual interference below the regulatory threshold. Compared to a system without interference suppression, Wi-Fi devices enjoy a median interference power reduction of between 3 dB with 16 antennas and 18 dB with 128 antennas. With mMIMO-U, cellular BSs can also achieve large data rates without significantly degrading the performance of Wi-Fi networks deployed within their coverage area.
Structure of GeSsub2glass: Spectroscopic evidence for broken chemical order (1986)

Homogeneous melt-quenched (${\mathrm{Ge}}_{0.99}$${\mathrm{Sn}}_{0.01}$${)}_{\mathrm{x}}$S $_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$ glasses in the glass-forming range 0&lt;x&lt;0.43 have been studied by scanning calorimetry, Raman, and M\"ossbauer spectroscopy. At the stoichiometric composition x=(1/3), two well-defined and chemically inequivalent $^{119}\mathrm{Sn}$ sites are observed with the site intensity ratio ${I}_{B}$/(${I}_{A}$+${I}_{B}$)=0.29(2). This ratio is found to vanish at x=0.325 and furthermore to change drastically with composition once x&gt;(1/3). This provides evidence for chemically correlated regions in ${\mathrm{GeS}}_{2}$ glass which consist of two types of clusters---an A molecular cluster whose internal morphology is layerlike as in c-${\mathrm{GeS}}_{2}$ and a B molecular cluster whose building block consists of ethanelike ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}$${)}_{6}$ units. The 340-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ Raman band observed in ${\mathrm{GeS}}_{2}$ glass is identified as having scattering contributions from both ordered bonds: ${A}_{1}$ from the symmetric stretch of Ge(${\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}$${)}_{4}$ units; and disordered bonds: ${A}_{1g}$ mode from ${\mathrm{Ge}}_{2}$(${\mathrm{S}}_{1/2}$${)}_{6}$ units; in the Ge-rich glasses (x&gt;(1/3)), a third type of molecular cluster, C, is populated. The internal morphology of the C cluster resembles that of c-GeS and it consists of double layers. The 250-${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ Raman band, whose strength is correlated to the M\"ossbauer C sites, is identified as a double-layer breathing mode. The molecular structures of ${\mathrm{GeS}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{GeSe}}_{2}$ glasses are compared and contrasted.
Optimum span configuration of Raman-amplifier dispersion-managed fibers (2002)

We analyze the influence of the span structure on the performance of Raman-amplified dispersion-managed fibers. Our calculations show that a configuration with the dispersion compensating fiber placed in the span center achieves the best trade-off between optical signal-to-noise ratio and nonlinear effects.
First Example of Friedel—Crafts Acylation of Cyclopenta[d][1,2]oxazines and Further Reaction to Their Oxime and Hydrazone Derivatives. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Analysis of linearized inverse problems in ultrasound transmission imaging (2021)

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the linearized inverse problem during the iterativesolution process of the ill-posed nonlinear inverse problem of image reconstruction for ultra-sound transmission imaging. We show that the conjugate gradient applied to normal equation(CGNE) method gives more reliable solutions for linearized systems than Tikhonov regular-ization methods. The linearized systems are more sensitive when treated by CGNE than byTikhonov regularization methods. The Tikhonov regularization is less effective at the be-ginning of the outer-loop iteration, where the nonlinearity is dominating while the conjugategradient for the linearized system stops earlier. Only when the linear approximation is goodenough to describe the whole system, Tikhonov regularization can fully play its role and giveslightly better reconstruction results as compared to CGNE in a very noisy case.