gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analytical and numerical studies of p+-emitters in silicon carbide bipolar devices (2011)

In this paper, ways to create silicon carbide p+-emitters with high injection coefficients are considered. Raising the emitter doping level, eliminating the deteriorated layer, and making longer the electron lifetime in the emitter are discussed and analyzed. The efficiency criteria are established for SiC emitters by comparing Si and SiC p+–n junctions. It is shown that the properties of modern SiC p+-emitters are far from being optimal. Analytical models have been developed to describe the properties of SiC p+–n junctions in terms of the well-known 'saturation current' (jsn) approach, which takes into account the main nonlinear effects that govern the transport phenomena in highly doped emitter layers: bandgap narrowing, Auger recombination, electron–hole scattering, radiative recombination, and surface recombination. It is demonstrated that the value of jsn for the SiC p+–n junction may be as small as ∼2 × 10−49 A cm−2, i.e. two orders of magnitude smaller than the smallest values of jsn in modern SiC bipolar devices. The dependences of jsn on the electron lifetime and doping level in the emitter are analyzed. It is shown that the electron lifetime in the p+-emitter layer has a vigorous effect on the device forward voltage. The analytical results are confirmed by the data furnished by numerical experiments.
Diversity Analysis of Group Vector Perturbation Precoding (2012)

We study the effect on diversity of using the sphere encoder-based vector perturbation (VP) technique of Peel and the lattice reduction-aided techniques (Babai approximations) of Windpassinger on a subset of the transmitted symbols. For a system with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> diversity channels, we prove that the diversity order gap between the maximum diversity of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> achieved by the full-size VP and the minimum diversity of 1 provided by linear precoding can be bridged by applying VP to a group of transmitted symbols. In particular, we prove that the diversity order is <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> , where <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> is the number of symbols that are not vector-perturbed. We show that this result holds true for lattice-reduction with both the rounding-off and nearest plane Babai approximations. The result shows that in terms of diversity, the group of vector-perturbed users counts as a single user. In fact, in a multiple-input and multiple-output Gaussian broadcast channel with <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> linearly precoded users, we can add up to <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">l</i> VP users and the diversity order for all users will decrease only by one, irrespective of how many VP users are added.
Transparent Organic Thin‐Film Transistor with a Laterally Grown Non‐Planar Phthalocyanine Channel (2004)

An improved‐performance transparent organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) is described, which has a vanadyl‐phthalocyanine (VOPc) film as an active p‐channel, lattice‐matched (Sc 0.7 Y 0.3 ) 2 O 3 film as a high‐ k gate dielectric, and atomically flat indium tin oxide (ITO) film as the bottom contact (see Figure). These features—lattice matching and atomic flatness—are expected to lead to further improvements in transparent OTFTs.
Resting-state functional connectivity relates to interindividual variations in positive memory (2021)

Abstract Individual differences in positive memory recollection are of interest in mental health, as positive memories can help protect people against stress and depression. However, it is unclear how individual differences in positive memory recollection are reflected in brain activity in the resting state. Here, we investigate the resting-state functional connectivity (FC) associated with interindividual variations in positive memory by employing cluster-level inferences based on randomization/permutation region of interest (ROI)-to-ROI analyses. We identified a cluster of FCs that was positively associated with positive memory performance, including the frontal operculum, central operculum, parietal operculum, Heschl’s gyrus, and planum temporale. The current results suggest that positive memory is innervated by frontotemporal network connectivity, which may have implications for future investigations of vulnerability to stress and depression.
Low Speed Weave Mode Measurement of Motorcycles in Slalom Running (2012)

Although the stability of motorcycles in the low speed range is not as critical as in the high speed range, motorcycles with higher stability at lower speeds are preferable for beginners or older riders.Research into the weave vibration mode in the low speed range, which is strongly related to the stability of motorcycles, has indicated that steering torque during certain slalom running conditions is very small. In these cases, it might be possible to extract the motorcycle’s characteristics, eliminating the influence of the rider’s control.This paper reports that the characteristics of a slalom running simulation in such conditions are identical to weave mode characteristics that were initially extracted from eigenvalue analysis of the simulation model. This paper also describes the method to extract the weave mode from actual slalom running results as well as the details of the results.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
The approach to realize the characteristics of SAW resonator with the temperature compensation and steepness for PCS duplexer (2004)

The SAW resonators with a low temperature coefficient of frequency (TCF) and steep characteristics have been studied in order to realize the SAW duplexers for CDMA based PCS in the United States (US-PCS). The width of cross-band that is a band between transmission and reception band, is very narrow of 20MHz in US-PCS at 1.9GHz. On the other hand, the SAW filter fabricated on a rotated Y-cut LiTaO/sub 3/ substrate (LT) shows a large shift of frequency characteristics on the temperature change. Therefore a SAW duplexer for US-PCS requires SAW filters which have steeper cut-off characteristics and better temperature characteristics compared with conventional ones. To solve these problems, we have studied the resonators of SiO/sub 2//IDT/LT structure. It has been known that low TCF can be realized with SiO/sub 2/IDT/LT structure. Additionally, steepness becomes sharp due to the capacitance ratio /spl gamma/ increasing because of SiO/sub 2/ coating. In this paper, we will show that it is possible to achieve the resonator characteristics that are suitable to design the filter for the US-PCS SAW duplexer by optimizing the temperature and frequency characteristics of the SAW resonator covered with SiO/sub 2/.
Learning Weakly-Supervised Contrastive Representations (2022)

We argue that a form of the valuable information provided by the auxiliary information is its implied data clustering information. For instance, considering hashtags as auxiliary information, we can hypothesize that an Instagram image will be semantically more similar with the same hashtags. With this intuition, we present a two-stage weakly-supervised contrastive learning approach. The first stage is to cluster data according to its auxiliary information. The second stage is to learn similar representations within the same cluster and dissimilar representations for data from different clusters. Our empirical experiments suggest the following three contributions. First, compared to conventional self-supervised representations, the auxiliary-information-infused representations bring the performance closer to the supervised representations, which use direct downstream labels as supervision signals. Second, our approach performs the best in most cases, when comparing our approach with other baseline representation learning methods that also leverage auxiliary data information. Third, we show that our approach also works well with unsupervised constructed clusters (e.g., no auxiliary information), resulting in a strong unsupervised representation learning approach.
Stable Image Enhancement by Adaptive Damped Wave Equation with Force Term (2011)

The recently-proposed family of Forward-and-Backward (FAB) Telegraph-Diffusion (TeD) equations [5] are analyzed in the context of enhancement image processing schemes. Stability of such schemes is investigated in terms of energy convergence. A more stable approximated version of the enhancement operator is proposed and examined. This new scheme is implemented in both stable and unstable regimes of the original FAB-TeD operator and shown to yield similar results to those obtained by the latter, without losing stability. The theoretical conclusions regarding stability of the approximated FAB-TeD are reinforced by simulations, exhibiting enhanced images with sharpened edges and yet very limited compromise on the quality of the other image details.
Derivation of efficient DAG marking algorithms (1983)

The best known linear-time list marking algorithms also require a linear amount of workspace. Algorithms working in bounded workspace have been obtained only by allowing quadratic execution time or by restricting the list structures to trees. We improve on this here by deriving a new linear-time, bounded workspace marking algorithm that works for dags. The algorithm is derived using correctness-preserving program transformations, which prove the correctness of the algorithm. Our derivation of the marking algorithm provides an example where this method has actually been used to derive a new, more efficient algorithm, rather than just to establish the correctness of a previously known algorithm.
Survival, growth and function of damaged cholinergic neurons (1989)

Recent progress has been made in defining the requirements for survival, growth and function of damaged cholinergic neurons of the central nervous system. In particular, the responsiveness of cholinergic neurons to nerve growth factor (NGF) in the regulation of development, cell survival, axon elongation, and response to injury has led to the formulation of the Neurotrophic Hypothesis, a unifying hypothesis of neuronal responsiveness to growth-promoting substances. NGF-mediated effects on cholinergic neurons in culture as well as in the septum, basal nucleus, striatum, and hippocampus, and the ability of NGF to prevent lesion-induced cell death and to ameliorate the effects of aging, provide the foundation for this work. A potential role for glia and microglia in mediating the effects of NGF is proposed.
Nucleic Acid Chromatography (2006)

DNA chromatography is the high performance, automatic separation, and purification of nucleic acids by liquid chromatography. It is an analytical technique not widely understood nor widely used by the molecular biologist, but has tremendous power. The needs in molecular biology science are changing rapidly. In order to understand and ultimately control the molecular basis of life, complex experiments must be designed and large numbers of samples must be analyzed. Stated differently, the molecular biologist must become more analytical. New analytical tools must be implemented, and analytical information must be generated and studied. Because of the inherent analytical nature, DNA chromatography has the potential to become one of the leading analytical tools used by the molecular biologist. Fortunately, the technology and methods have been designed so that it is not necessary for a molecular biologist to become an analytical chemist in order to perform the work. However, it is necessary to understand some of the concepts that are the basis of the technology and to understand where and how it can be implemented. It is the intent of the authors that this article should help molecular biologists how to use DNA chromatography effectively in their research.
A 95% efficient inverter with 300-W power output for 6.78-MHz magnetic resonant wireless power transfer system (2015)

We developed a high-power Class-E inverter for a 6.78-MHz magnetic resonant wireless power transfer system. The inverter consisted of six synchronized coupled low-power inverters; the outputs were combined after the corresponding matching circuit. We attained a drain efficiency of 94.6% at the power output of 315 W. In addition, we demonstrated a wireless power transfer system consisting of the Class-E inverter, a pair of magnetic resonant coils 200 mm in diameter separated at an air-gap distance of 42 mm, and a diode bridge rectifier. The system achieved a dc-dc efficiency of 84.7% at a power output of 301 W.
Magnetization State Manipulation Method to Reduce Back Electoromotive Force in High Speed Region of Variable Flux PMSMs and a Study of Vehicle Torque Vibration (2019)

This paper discusses a magnetization state (MS) manipulation method at high speeds with low vehicle vibration for variable flux permanent magnet synchronous machines (VF-PMSMs). VF-PMSMs can achieve lower driving cycle losses compared to conventional PMSMs by changing the MS in the medium speed and medium torque range. To maximize this advantage for reducing driving cycle losses, the MS manipulation capability in this range, which requires higher voltage to change MS than that required in the low speed range, is critical. However, the capability has not been researched very well. In this paper, a MS manipulating method using a straight line stationary flux linkage trajectory (SLλsT) is investigated and evaluated. This method uses a straight line flux linkage trajectory in the stationary frame so that the DC bus voltage utilization is maximized while the flux linkage achieves the desired magnetizing point without demagnetization. This method was experimentally evaluated with EV-scale VF-PMSMs, and it was found to achieve full magnetization at a speed almost two times higher than the base speed. The effect of this method on vehicle vibration was studied via simulation using the experimental result and a simple vehicle model that emulates a vehicle powertrain for traction applications.
Naturally-derived bacterial nano-particles engage diverse innate receptors, driving the activation of dendritic cells and leading to the establishment of potent adaptive immune responses. (2016)

Abstract Most non-living vaccines in clinical use are thought to mediate protection primarily via antibody responses; however, many intracellular bacterial infections require cell-mediated immunity (CMI) for protection. This renders traditional strategies insufficient and drives a need for new approaches to elicit CMI. Outer-membrane vesicles (OMVs) derived from Gram-negative bacteria are an effective vaccine platform with precedence for safe use in humans. Unlike most subunit antigens and synthetic nano-particles, OMVs contain endogenous immunostimulatory ligands and deliver antigens in their native orientation. We hypothesized that OMVs could activate antigen presenting cells through the engagement of various innate receptors and drive CMI through the three key activation steps: antigen-presentation, co-stimulation and cytokine production. Following OMV uptake in vitro and in vivo, dendritic cells (DCs) increased surface MHC class I and II (MHCcII), CD80, and CD86 expression. OMV-stimulated DCs produced significantly more of the key T cell polarizing cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-12p70 compared to DCs treated with heat-killed (HK) bacteria. TLR-4 contributed to OMV-mediated expression of MHCcII, CD80, and IL-1β, IL-6, IL-18 and IL-12p70, while the NLRP3 inflammasome was required for OMV-induced production of IL-1β and IL-18. Following vaccination of mice, Th1- and Th17-type T cell responses were observed after ex vivo restimulation with OMVs and HK bacteria. In addition, OMV vaccination produced functional CD8+ T cells capable of killing bacteria-infected cells. Collectively these results support the utility of the OMV platform as a non-living vaccine that can lead to protective CMI against bacterial pathogens.
Escherichia coli has multiple enzymes that attack TNT and release nitrogen for growth (2007)

There has been a growing interest in the degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) over the last decade, ever since its removal from polluted sites was declared an international environmental priority. Certain aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms are capable of using TNT as an N source, although very few studies have proven the mineralization of this compound. An unexpected observation in our laboratory led us to discover that certain Escherichia coli bench laboratory strains have multiple enzymes that attack TNT. One of the NemA products is responsible for the release of nitrite from the nitroaromatic ring: among the metabolites observed in vitro include Meisenheimer dihydride complexes of TNT from which 2-hydroxylamino-6-nitrotoluene is slowly formed during their rearomatization under concomitant release of nitrite. Furthermore, NemA, together with NfsA and NfsB reduce the nitro groups on the aromatic ring to the corresponding hydroxylamino derivatives, which probably results in the release of ammonium ions which can, in turn be used as a nitrogen source by E. coli for growth.
Automatic Determination of Spectral States for Cognitive Radio (2008)

In this paper, we propose a method for automatically extracting distinct spectral states present in spectrum power measurements. The purpose is to gain information on the wireless environment for constructing efficient policies and decisions in a flexible radio context. To achieve this, we perform unsupervised classification on data obtained from spectrum power measurements on the GSM 1800 downlink band. The number of spectral states having different spectral characteristics is automatically detected by a well-known efficient rate-distortion criterion. Spectral signals that constitute the power spectrum measurements are classified into these distinct spectral states through the k-means clustering algorithm. In order to eliminate redundancies and to decrease the computational complexity, Principal Component Analysis is performed on the set of spectral signals before classification. The time-averaged frequency profile of each spectral state can be considered as the quantization or compression of the spectral information contained by the spectral signal belonging to that spectral state. The preliminary results obtained on the GSM 1800 downlink spectrum measurements reveal that the proposed method successfully extracts the distinct spectral states of the wireless environment.
Signalling and function of the human G protein-coupled receptor 55 (2010)

Results Here we show that GPR55 is activated by lysophosphatidylinositol (LPI), AM251, SR141716A (rimonabant) and AM281. GPR55 activation induces NFB, NFAT and CREB activation. Stimulation of GPR55 induces F-actin formation under the control of Ga13, RhoA and ROCK. We also show the suitability of Corning® Epic® DMR assay for GPR55 ligand screening. Furthermore, GPR55 activation leads to phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2).
Consistency models with global operation sequencing and their composition (extended version) (2017)

Modern distributed systems often achieve availability and scalability by providing consistency guarantees about the data they manage weaker than linearizability. We consider a class of such consistency models that, despite this weakening, guarantee that clients eventually agree on a global sequence of operations, while seeing a subsequence of this final sequence at any given point of time. Examples of such models include the classical Total Store Order (TSO) and recently proposed dual TSO, Global Sequence Protocol (GSP) and Ordered Sequential Consistency. We define a unified model, called Global Sequence Consistency (GSC), that has the above models as its special cases, and investigate its key properties. First, we propose a condition under which multiple objects each satisfying GSC can be composed so that the whole set of objects satisfies GSC. Second, we prove an interesting relationship between special cases of GSC---GSP, TSO and dual TSO: we show that clients that do not communicate out-of-band cannot tell the difference between these models. To obtain these results, we propose a novel axiomatic specification of GSC and prove its equivalence to the operational definition of the model.
Mass spectrometry analysis of glycoprotein biomarkers in human blood of hepatocellular carcinoma (2019)

<b>Introduction</b>: Diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is important for improving the survival rate and selecting the optimum therapeutic option. However, some patients with HCC are not diagnosed until after symptoms appear, when the tumor is already advanced. Thus, biomarkers associated with HCC and novel diagnostic methods are required to improve the diagnosis of HCC. Mass spectrometry (MS) is one of the most widely used analytical tools in proteomic research. Furthermore, tandem MS (MS/MS) has been applied for the discovery and verification of protein biomarkers for clinical use. <b>Areas covered</b>: We review candidate glycoprotein biomarkers, including their aberrant glycosylation discovered by MS-based proteomics techniques and their diagnostic strategies using human blood samples. Finally, we discuss the limitations and prospects of MS-based approaches for clinical applications. <b>Expert commentary</b>: The development of biomarkers with high sensitivity and specificity is essential for optimizing the management of HCC. Various glycoprotein biomarkers of HCC have been identified using MS-based techniques. MS-based assays will continue to play an important role in clinical applications for discovery and verification of biomarkers. Furthermore, combination of multibiomarker, improvements in sample enrichment and the development of highly sensitive MS methods will facilitate more rapid adoption of MS for the diagnosis of HCC.
Multi-vendor interoperability demonstration of wavelength switched optical network (WSON) with GMPLS lambda-label extension (2009)

Interoperable wavelength path control was successfully demonstrated on a multi-vendor WSON testbed by utilizing GMPLS signaling extension with lambda-label. Data-plane connections over GMPLS wavelength paths were also confirmed in the testbed with an 880km-in-total network.
Intelligent Process Planning Implemented As an Integrated Module of CIM (1997)

Abstract In this paper we describe an architecture of a new integrative process planning system as a part of computer integrated manufacturing research system. The process planning procedure is comprised of three phases: feature completion, process selection and process sequencing. We applied a knowledge-based approach to feature completion and process selection, and the space search algorithm for process sequencing. Description of these phases is provided and underlying knowledge representation explained. Integration between the process planning, on the one side, and CAD and scheduling, on the other, is discussed. System implementation has been described and several examples of the system execution are shown.