gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metal Supported SOFCs (2007)

Metal-supported thin-film YSZ SOFCs with infiltrated Ni and LSM catalysts are operated in the temperature range 650-750{degree sign}C. A five-layer structure consisting of porous metal support/porous YSZ interlayer/dense YSZ electrolyte film/porous YSZ interlayer/porous metal current collector is prepared at 1300{degree sign}C in reducing atmosphere. The cell is sealed and joined to a cell housing/gas manifold using a commercially-available braze. The porous YSZ interlayers are then infiltrated with Ni and LSM catalyst precursor solutions at low temperature prior to cell testing. Maximum power densities of 285mW/cm2 and 712mW/cm2 were achieved at 700{degree sign}C, with air and oxygen as oxidant, respectively.
Precision and accuracy of miniature tunable diode laser absorption spectrometers (2011)

Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) is finding ever increasing utility for industrial process measurement and control. The technique's sensitivity and selectivity benefit continuous concentration measurement of selected analytes in complex gas mixtures. Tradeoff options among optical path length, absorption linestrength, linewidth, cross-interferences, and sampling methodology enable sensor designers to optimize detection for specific applications. This paper describes TDLAS measurement precision and accuracy limitations in emerging applications that demand increasing volumes of distributed miniaturized sensors at diminishing costs. In these situations, the TDLAS specificity is a key attribute, while high sensitivity enables novel sampling package designs with short optical pathlengths. Under these circumstances, the traditional approaches to optimizing accuracy and precision may fail if analyzer control features are sacrificed to reduce cost. We describe here a relatively simple TDLAS sensor designed to meet the needs for acceptable cost, and discuss its theory of operation along with the implications on measurement accuracy and precision.
Wafer-scale Current and Potential Transients during Copper Metallization of Semiconductor Interconnects (2004)

The damascene process for copper metallization of interconnects on semiconductor wafers has become the mainstay technology for manufacturing advanced semiconductor devices. Fundamental understanding and quantitative modeling of the process, however, has lagged behind its practical implementation. A number of models, based on quite different assumed mechanisms and thus leading to different conclusions have been proposed. Furthermore, just about all via-scale models have focused on the deposit build-up in a single via and have not linked the analysis to waferscale operating conditions. It is well recognized that global process parameters, e.g., current and voltage waveforms have critical effect on obtaining defectfree feature-fill. In order to optimize the operating conditions for the feature-scale parameters, models on the two scales must be coupled. Recently, Akolkar and Landau have shown that the time-dependent interactions due to the vastly different diffusion and adsorption constants of the plating additives used in wafer metallization, provide the essential conditions for a defect-free bottom-up fill. According to this transient-diffusionkinetics (‘TDK’) model, the plating inhibitor polyethylene glycol (‘PEG’), is transport limited and requires a few seconds to reach the via bottom. This time delay enables the faster diffusing Bis(3sulfopropyl)-disodium sulfonate (‘SPS’), to adsorb at the via bottom, blocking further PEG adsorption at this site, and thus promoting a rapid bottom-up growth. Transport limitations are minimal at the wafer surface, enabling the faster adsorbing PEG to inhibit this region. The stronger adsorbing SPS eventually displaces the PEG from the wafer surface, leading to a delayed enhancement of plating at the surface.
A Current-Gain Scheme for High Density and Low Voltage FeRAM (2003)

The proposed current-gain scheme provides a key technical solution for a high density, low cost and high performance ferroelectric random access memory. The proposed sensing scheme shows maximum sensing-signal window because of divided sub-bitline (SBL) structure. The unit cell array section is composed of the cell array of 64 rows and 128 columns with SBL, SBL switch (SBSW) devices and current-gain transistor (CGT) device. The global main bitline (MBL) is biased by MBL sensing load (MSL) device and connected to common MBL bus (CMB) through block selection switch (BSS) device. The device sizes of CGT and MSL devices are key factors for determining the transfer characteristics of SBL and MBL. The 128 sense amplifiers in peripheral circuit region are shared to all cell array blocks through CMB with 128 MBL columns of each cell array block. The address access time of the 16 Mb chip is evaluated to less than 70 ns at 3 V.
Challenges and opportunities of extremely thin SOI (ETSOI) CMOS technology for future low power and general purpose system-on-chip applications (2010)

Extremely thin SOI (ETSOI) MOSFET is a viable option for future CMOS scaling owing to superior short-channel control and immunity to random dopant fluctuation. However, challenges of ETSOI integration have so far hindered its adoption for mainstream CMOS. This is especially true for low-power applications, where SOI wafer cost is deemed to significantly add to the total cost. We have recently reported a novel integration scheme to overcome some of the major ETSOI manufacturing issues such as difficulty in doping thin silicon layer, process induced silicon loss, and the dilemma of reduction of external resistance and the increase of parasitic capacitance [1, 2]. The proposed integration flow significantly simplifies device processing and leads to considerable reduction in the number of critical masks [2].
Viscoelastic Property of the Brain Assessed With Magnetic Resonance Elastography and Its Association With Glymphatic System in Neurologically Normal Individuals (2023)

Brain MRE using a gravitational transducer is feasible in neurologically normal individuals over a wide age range. The significant correlation between the viscoelastic properties of the brain and glymphatic function suggests that a more organized or preserved microenvironment of the brain parenchyma is associated with a more unimpeded glymphatic fluid flow.
AI-Assisted CT as a Clinical and Research Tool for COVID-19 (2021)

There is compelling support for widening the role of computed tomography (CT) for COVID-19 in clinical and research scenarios. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing, the gold standard for COVID-19 diagnosis, has two potential weaknesses: the delay in obtaining results and the possibility of RT-PCR test kits running out when demand spikes or being unavailable altogether. This perspective article discusses the potential use of CT in conjunction with RT-PCR in hospitals lacking sufficient access to RT-PCR test kits. The precedent for this approach is discussed based on the use of CT for COVID-19 diagnosis and screening in the United Kingdom and China. The hurdles and challenges are presented, which need addressing prior to realization of the potential roles for CT artificial intelligence (AI). The potential roles include a more accurate clinical classification, characterization for research roles and mechanisms, and informing clinical trial response criteria as a surrogate for clinical outcomes.
Performance and Predictors of Minimal Disease Activity Response in Patients With Peripheral Spondyloarthritis Treated With Adalimumab (2020)

All 4 versions of modified MDA showed concurrent validity and discriminated well between adalimumab and placebo treatment groups. Early modified MDA response is a more consistent predictor of long-term modified MDA achievement than baseline characteristics. The 5 of 6 versions of modified MDA could be an appropriate treatment target in patients with peripheral SpA.
<title>Optical scatter due to impact effects</title> (1993)

Much recent data from the Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) have confirmed that for multiyear periods in low earth orbit (LEO) many satellite surfaces (especially the leading edge, or RAM) are subjected to significant bombardment by small particles in the 1 to 100 micron size domain. These particles are both micrometeoroids and man-made debris. Of interest is the consequential effects on precision surfaces such as high-resolution optics. The damage produced does not necessarily seriously downgrade the reflectivity (for mirrors) or transmissivity (for lenses), but can significantly worsen optical scatter. Since many optics are not simple metal mirrors, for which the major response is near-hemispherical cratering, but are frequently comprised of brittle dielectrics (including multilayer coatings) which suffer conchoidal cratering, star cracking, and interlayer differential delamination, the correlation between the induced mechanical damage and the resulting optical scatter is complex. An approach is given which attempts to analytically predict the material damage modes for various impact conditions, and also correlate this damage with optical scatter.
The Selective Incorporation of Alkenes into Proteins in Escherichia coli (2002)

Synthetic anchor: An incorporated allyl group may act in this way to allow protein modification in a site-specific fashion. The nonnatural amino acid O-allyl-L-tyrosine (1) has been site-specifically incorporated into protein in E. coli. The yield of full-length mutant Z-domain protein is 5.6 mg L−1, in comparison to 9.2 mg L−1 of native Z-domain protein. A high-resolution mass spectrum suggests the fidelity for the incorporation of 1 is better than 99.8 %.
Effect of Metformin on Carbohydrate and Lipoprotein Metabolism in NIDDM Patients (1990)

The effect of metformin treatment on various aspects of carbohydrate and lipoprotein metabolism has been defined in 12 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). Patients were studied before and after approximately 4 mo of metformin therapy. Treatment was initiated with a single dose of 500 mg/day, increased at weekly intervals, and maintained at a final dose of 2.5 g/day (given at divided intervals) for the last 3 mo of the treatment program. Results demonstrated that both fasting and postprandial glucose concentrations were significantly lower after metformin administration, with the greatest change seen after meals. As a result, the total incremental plasma glucose response above basal measured from 0800 to 1600 after metformin was less than 25% of that seen initially. The improvement in ambient plasma glucose concentration in association with metformin occurred despite a modest but statistically significant decrease in circulating plasma insulin concentration. In addition, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake measured during hyperinsulinemic clamp studies was similar before and after metformin treatment. Furthermore, changes in insulin binding and insulin internalization by isolated monocytes did not correlate with the improvement in glycemic control. Thus, the ability of metformin to lower plasma glucose concentration in NIDDM does not appear to be secondary to an improvement in insulin action. Finally, metformin treatment was associated with a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in plasma triglyceride concentration and an increase in plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration. These results indicate that metformin treatment of patients with NIDDM led to an improvement in both glycemic control and lipoprotein metabolism.
Cleavage of 3‘,5‘-Pyrophosphate-Linked Dinucleotides by Ribonuclease A and Angiogenin, (2001)

Recently, 3',5'-pyrophosphate-linked 2'-deoxyribodinucleotides were shown to be >100-fold more effective inhibitors of RNase A superfamily enzymes than were the corresponding monophosphate-linked (i.e., standard) dinucleotides. Here, we have investigated two ribo analogues of these compounds, cytidine 3'-pyrophosphate (P'-->5') adenosine (CppA) and uridine 3'-pyrophosphate (P'-->5') adenosine (UppA), as potential substrates for RNase A and angiogenin. CppA and UppA are cleaved efficiently by RNase A, yielding as products 5'-AMP and cytidine or uridine cyclic 2',3'-phosphate. The k(cat)/K(m) values are only 4-fold smaller than for the standard dinucleotides CpA and UpA, and the K(m) values (10-16 microM) are lower than those reported for any earlier small substrates (e.g., 500-700 microM for CpA and UpA). The k(cat)/K(m) value for CppA with angiogenin is also only severalfold smaller than for CpA, but the effect of lengthening the internucleotide linkage on K(m) is more modest. Ribonucleotide 3',5'-pyrophosphate linkages were proposed previously to exist in nature as chemically labile intermediates in the pathway for the generation of cyclic 2',3'-phosphate termini in various RNAs. We demonstrate that in fact they are relatively stable (t(1/2) > 15 days for uncatalyzed degradation of UppA at pH 6 and 25 degrees C) and that cleavage in vivo is most likely enzymatic. Replacements of the RNase A catalytic residues His12 and His119 by alanine reduce activity toward UppA by approximately 10(5)-and 10(3.3)-fold, respectively. Thus, both residues play important roles. His12 probably acts as a base catalyst in cleavage of UppA (as with RNA). However, the major function of His119 in RNA cleavage, protonation of the 5'-O leaving group, is not required for UppA cleavage because the pK(a) of the leaving group is much lower than that for RNA substrates. A crystal structure of the complex of RNase A with 2'-deoxyuridine 3'-pyrophosphate (P'-->5') adenosine (dUppA), determined at 1.7 A resolution, together with models of the UppA complex based on this structure suggest that His119 contributes to UppA cleavage through a hydrogen bond with a nonbridging oxygen atom in the pyrophosphate and through pi-pi stacking with the six-membered ring of adenine.
Plasma protoporphyrin IX following administration of 5-aminolevulinic acid as a potential tumor marker (2015)

Exogenously administered 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is metabolized to protoporphyrin IX (PpIX), which specifically accumulates in cancer cells and emits red fluorescence by blue light irradiation. These phenomena are applied for the intraoperative diagnosis of cancer. Based on the fact that accumulated PpIX in cancer cells is exported extracellularly via the ATP-binding cassette transporter G2, we hypothesized that the measurement of plasma PpIX concentrations could be applied as a tumor marker for cancer screening. In the present study, the use of plasma samples from bladder cancer patients were evaluated as a tumor marker. ALA, 1.0 g, was orally administered to bladder cancer patients and healthy adults. The plasma concentration of PpIX was measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography system. The plasma PpIX concentration following ALA administration was significantly higher in bladder cancer patients than that in the healthy adults, suggesting the effectiveness of plasma PpIX analysis following ALA administration for cancer screening. Additionally, 4 h after ALA administration, plasma PpIX showed high sensitivity (94.4%) and high specificity (80.0%).
Second line BCR/ABK TKI-associated severe adverse events:preferential occurrence in patients with comorbidities (2011)

hronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a hematopoietic neoplasm characterized by uncontrolled myeloproliferation, basophilia, and the BCR/ABL oncoprotein. The natural course of CML includes a chronic phase, an accelerated phase, and a blast phase that resembles an acute leukemia. The BCR/ABL tyrosine-kinase inhibitor (TKI) imatinib is an established standard of therapy in chronic phase CML. However, despite very good long-term results concerning efficacy and safety, resistance against imatinib may occur, often in association with a BCR/ABL mutation. The treatment of patients with imatinib-resistant CML is a challenge in clinical hematology. ] Moreover, nilotinib and dasatinib counteract early transformation to blast phase more effectively. The superior effects of these TKI may result from their strong effects on BCR/ABL (including BCR/ABL-mutants) and their effects on additional drug targets. 7 However, such additional targets are also expressed in non-hematopoietic cells and may thus be responsible for non-hematologic adverse events. Whereas side effects are, in many cases, mild and manageable without organ damage, some patients have major problems and develop overt intolerance or even life-threatening adverse events.
Validation of ELISA methods for quantification of the major birch allergen Bet v 1 (BSP090). (2017)

To date, the potency of allergen products in Europe is expressed in manufacturer-specific units relative to a product-specific in-house reference. Consequently, cross-product comparability of allergen products from different manufacturers with respect to strength and efficacy is impossible. The Biological Standardisation Programme (BSP) project BSP090 addresses this issue via the establishment of reference standards in conjunction with ELISA methods for the quantification of major allergens in allergen products. Since the initiation of BSP090, the recombinant major allergen Bet v 1 has been adopted by the European Pharmacopoeia Commission as a Chemical Reference Substance (CRS). In parallel, two sandwich ELISA systems for quantification of Bet v 1 were found suitable in preliminary phases of BSP090 to be validated in a large collaborative study. In this study, the candidate ELISA systems were compared with respect to accuracy, precision and variability. Thirteen participating laboratories tested model samples containing the CRS as well as spiked and unspiked birch pollen extracts. Both in pre-testing and in the collaborative study, the 2 candidate ELISA systems confirmed their suitability to quantify recombinant and native Bet v 1. As no clear-cut decision for one of the ELISA systems could be made based on the results of the collaborative study, a post-study testing was performed. Bet v 1 content of 30 birch pollen allergen products was determined in parallel in both ELISA systems. Consequently, 1 candidate ELISA system was selected to be proposed as the future European Pharmacopoeia standard method for Bet v 1 quantification.
A wind generator system with an integrated boost converter (2010)

This paper presents a wind generator system with an integrated boost converter. With the proposed concept, the phase inductances of the generator can effectively be used as the boost inductor, eliminating the need for a separate inductor that is used in conventional wind turbine systems. Two topologies that allow for the use of phase inductances as the boost inductor are presented. The performance of the proposed generator system is evaluated using a novel SmartBlade wind turbine, which consists of extendible blades and a custom made PM generator. Simulations and experimental evidence of a 1.5 kW prototype system are presented to demonstrate the viability of the proposed concept, which would be attractive for small scale wind turbine systems.
Energy-efficient MMSE beamforming and power allocation in multibeam satellite systems (2011)

In current satellite communication systems, energy efficiency is of paramount importance since it strongly affects the satellite size and lifetime. In this paper, the energy efficiency of a multibeam downlink system is investigated in terms of maximizing the ratio of system throughput over consumed power. More specifically, the consumed power comprises both operating power which is needed for running the network equipment and transmit power which is needed for forwarding the information to the end users. Regarding the employed transmission technique, Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) beamforming together with power optimization for satellite downlink channel is used while full frequency reuse is assumed. By varying the ratio of operating and transmit power, we study the performance of the forward link in terms of spectral and energy efficiency.
baz1b loss-of-function in zebrafish produces phenotypic alterations consistent with the domestication syndrome (2022)

BAZ1B is a ubiquitously expressed nuclear protein with roles in chromatin remodeling, DNA replication and repair, and transcription. Reduced <i>BAZ1B</i> expression disrupts neuronal and neural crest development. Variation in the activity of BAZ1B has been proposed to underly morphological and behavioral aspects of domestication through disruption of neural crest development. Knockdown of <i>baz1b</i> in <i>Xenopus</i> embryos and <i>Baz1b</i> loss-of-function (LoF) in mice leads to craniofacial defects consistent with this hypothesis. We generated <i>baz1b</i> LoF zebrafish using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to test the hypothesis that <i>baz1b</i> regulates behavioral phenotypes associated with domestication in addition to craniofacial features. Zebrafish with <i>baz1b</i> LoF show mild underdevelopment at larval stages and distinctive craniofacial features later in life. Mutant zebrafish show reduced anxiety-associated phenotypes and an altered ontogeny of social behaviors. Thus, in zebrafish, developmental deficits in <i>baz1b</i> recapitulate both morphological and behavioral phenotypes associated with the domestication syndrome in other species.
ChemInform Abstract: NOVEL 1,2,4‐DITHIAZINEAZETIDINONES FROM THE 6‐THIOAMIDES AND 6‐THIONCARBAMATES OF PENICILLIN SULFOXIDES (1976)

Abstract Aus den Penicillin‐Derivaten (I) erhält man thermisch über (II) die 1,2,4‐Dithiazin‐azetidinone (III), die z.Tl. unter Eliminierung von Schwefel in die Verbindungen (IV) und (V) übergehen.
CHARACTERIZATION OF FULL CONE NOZZLES (2011)

The drop size distribution (DSD) and the spray angle of full cone nozzles are measured at different atomization pressures and corresponding volumetric flow rates of water. The measurements of the DSDs were performed with laser diffraction spectrometry. The nozzles characterized here are geometrically similar models in the photo scale 1:8, 1:10, and 1:12 in relation to the original nozzle (1:1) used as the main sprayer in an industrial dust scrubber with an orifice diameter of DN = 96 mm. For all nozzles the spray pattern and flux density is characterized by means of a mechanical patternator. The overall volume frequency distribution q3(d) is calculated by a weighting procedure. The dimensionless droplet diameter dp/DN for different characteristic drop sizes( d10.3, d50.3, and d90.3) can be extrapolated to the operating conditions of the original nozzle. The spray angle of the full cone nozzles is obtained by evaluation of photographical spray images. It is found to depend on the Reynolds and the Ohnesorge number.
Materials (2020)

No AccessDiscontinuous Fiber-Reinforced CompositesMar 2020MaterialsUmesh N. Gandhi, Sebastian Goris, Tim A. Osswald, Yu-Yang SongUmesh N. GandhiSearch for more papers by this author, Sebastian GorisSearch for more papers by this author, Tim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Yu-Yang SongSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569906958.002SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 29-58Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-694-1eISBN: 978-1-56990-695-8 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright by Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...