gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Currents induced in the human body for exposure to ultrawideband electromagnetic pulses (1997)

The frequency-dependent finite-difference time-domain [(FD)/sup 2/TD] method is used to calculate internal electric fields and induced current densities in a 1.31-cm resolution anatomically-based model of the human body for exposure to ultrawideband vertically polarized electromagnetic pulses (EMPs). From a single (FD)/sup 2/TD simulation, two ultrawideband pulses with frequencies up to 1500 MHz are examined using a convolution technique. The complex permittivities /spl epsiv/*(/spl tau/) for the various tissues are known to vary a great deal over the wide bandwidth of these two pulses. In the (FD)/sup 2/TD formulation, these frequency-dependent /spl epsiv/*(/spl tau/) are described by the best-fit second-order Debye equations for the sixteen tissues that are used to define the anatomically based model. The vertical currents passing through several sections of the body are compared for a shoe-wearing model standing on a perfectly conducting ground plane, and a barefoot model suspended in air. For the first pulse, currents on the order of 1 to 4 mA per V/m of incident fields are calculated with the highest values calculated for the sections through the bladder and slightly above it. For the second pulse, currents on the order of 4 mA per V/m of incident fields were calculated.
Probing Comonomer Selection Effects on Dioxythiophene-Based Aqueous-Compatible Polymers for Redox Applications (2022)

Oligoether-functionalized dioxythiophene polymers are a promising class of materials for electrochemical applications requiring aqueous electrolytes with rapid, reversible redox behavior, high pseudocapacitance, and strong electrochromic contrast. By copolymerizing different monomers (EDOT, DMP, and PheDOT) with an oligoether-functionalized propylenedioxythiophene unit, we tune the redox properties, modulating the onsets of oxidation, redox kinetics, and conductance properties in an aqueous electrolyte (NaCl/H2O). Density functional theory calculations are subsequently employed to establish a theoretical basis for the observed differences in energy levels of the polymers. Polymer films demonstrate <1 s discharge rates, <1.5 s electrochromic switching times, and 90% charge retention after 1000 cycles. As these materials demonstrate rapid and reversible redox behavior, we test the utility of these materials as electrochromes and as active layers in type I aqueous supercapacitors. In both aqueous and organic electrolytes, these materials demonstrate high electrochromic contrasts, with comonomer selection altering the colors of the resultant polymers. As active layers in supercapacitors, all polymers show relatively constant current response as a function of cell voltage, and P(OE3)-E, in a test device, demonstrates high current retention after 15,000 charge/discharge cycles. This work demonstrates the broad utility of oligoether-functionalized dioxythiophenes for aqueous redox applications while detailing the tuning of optical, electrochemical, and conductance properties through comonomer selection.
Grafting Polyisobutylene from Nanoparticle Surfaces: Concentration and Surface Effects on Livingness (2009)

We report on the grafting-from living cationic polymerization of isobutylene from SiO2-nanoparticles surfaces. After modification of the NP-surfaces (SiO2; 6 nm) initiators (I) for the cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) were grafted onto the NP surface in variable densities (0.1−0.85 molecules initiator/nm2). With densely packed initiators (0.85 molecules initiator/nm2) PIB-brushes with controlled molecular weights (5000−50 000 g mol−1) could be obtained. Various concentration-ranges of initiator-moieties in solution as well as isobutylene were studied, revealing a controlled polymerization process only in the range between [I] = 0.4−30 mM and [IB] = ∼0.04−3.3 M without the use of sacrificial soluble initiating systems, thus enabling a high-volume density polymerization of grafted nanoparticles without homopolymer formation. At high grafting densities (0.6−0.8 initiator molecules/nm2), the polymerization proceeded with three different rate-constants, with a slower polymerization at the beginning and increasing rates of polymerization after ∼300 and 600 s, respectively. With reduced initiators densities (below 0.4 molecules initiator/nm2) loss of control over the polymerization process and a significant change of the polymerization kinetics was observed.
An artificial intelligence tool for automated analysis of large-scale unstructured clinical cine cardiac magnetic resonance databases (2023)

We show that our proposed tool, which combines image pre-processing steps, a domain-generalizable AI algorithm trained on a large-scale multi-domain CMR dataset and quality control steps, allows robust analysis of (clinical or research) databases from multiple centres, vendors, and cardiac diseases. This enables translation of our tool for use in fully automated processing of large multi-centre databases.
The electrophysiology of language production: what could be improved (2015)

\n Contains fulltext :\n 217687.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)\n
Towards controlling the optical properties of InAs/InP quantum dot- nanowires using a hybrid amorphous silicon/III-V semiconductor photonic structure (2017)

October 15-18, 2017
Aortic Arch Anomaly Presenting as Exercise-induced Asthma (1989)

We present the case of a young woman with a right aortic arch who first became symptomatic when she began a vigorous exercise program. Her symptoms were very suggestive of exercise-induced bronchospasm. Her flow-volume curves, however, showed evidence of variable intrathoracic large airways obstruction. A magnetic resonance imaging scan confirmed the presence of severe tracheal narrowing caused by her right aortic arch.
ATAF NAC transcription factors: Regulators of plant stress signaling (2010)

NAC proteins are one of the largest classes of plant-specific transcriptional regulators. Since the first NAC gene NO APICAL MERSITEM (NAM) was identified from petunia in 1996 1, NAC genes have been implicated in important plant developmental processes like boundary cell formation in shoot apical mersitems (1, 2,) secondary cell wall formation, (3) and lateral root development. (4) However, recent work indicates that NAC genes are also important regulators in stress responses. Nowhere is this more evident than the ATAF subgroup of NAC domain transcription factors. This mini-review aims at highlighting recent evidence of the importance of the ATAF-like NAC group in a diverse array of stress related signaling processes.
Investigating the Link Between Linguistic and Non-Linguistic Cognitive Control in Bilinguals Using Laplacian-Transformed Event Related Potentials (2021)

Bilinguals' need to suppress the activation of their other language while speaking has been proposed to result in enhanced cognitive control abilities outside of language. Several studies therefore suggest shared cognitive control processes across linguistic and non-linguistic tasks. Here we investigate this potential overlap using scalp electroencephalographic recordings and the Laplacian transformation, providing an estimation of the current source density and enabling the separation of EEG components in space. Fourteen Spanish-English bilinguals performed a picture-word matching task contrasting incongruent trials using cross-linguistic false cognates (e.g., a picture - foot, overlaid with distractor text: the English word <i>PIE</i>, i.e., the false cognate for the Spanish <i>pie</i> meaning "foot") with congruent trials (matching English picture names and words, i.e., a picture - foot, with overlaid text: the English word <i>FOOT</i>), and an unrelated control condition. In addition, participants performed an arrow-version of the Eriksen flanker task. Worse behavioral performance was observed in incongruent compared to congruent trials in both tasks. In the non-linguistic task, we replicated the previously observed congruency effect on a medial-frontal event-related potential (ERP) peaking around 50 ms before electromyography (EMG) onset. A similar ERP was present in the linguistic task, was sensitive to congruency, and peaked earlier, around 150 ms before EMG onset. In addition, another component was found in the linguistic task at a left lateralized anterior frontal site peaking around 200 ms before EMG onset, but was absent in the non-linguistic task. Our results suggest a partial overlap between linguistic and non-linguistic cognitive control processes and that linguistic conflict resolution may engage additional left anterior frontal control processes.
Silver Nanoparticles Suppress Retinoic Acid-Induced Neuronal Differentiation in Human-Derived Neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y Cells (2022)

Nanoparticles are being used in an increasing number of applications in a wide range of fields; however, these particles can migrate to the brain, raising concerns over their potential as risk factors of neurodevelopment disorders. Here, we examined the effects of silver nanoparticles with a diameter of 10 nm (nAg10) on neural differentiation in human-derived neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. SH-SY5Y cells treated with retinoic acid undergo neuronal differentiation characterized by increased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF); however, co-treatment of these cells with retinoic acid (RA) and nAg10 significantly mitigated this RA-induced BDNF expression. RA-induced neurite outgrowth and extracellular secretion of dopamine were significantly suppressed by nAg10 in a concentration-dependent manner. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was enhanced in cells co-treated with RA and nAg10, and the expression level of BDNF was restored by co-treatment with nAg10 and an ROS inhibitor (N-acetylcysteine). nAg10-induced mitochondrial ROS production and decreased mitochondrial fusion-related gene expression. In summary, nAg10 suppressed retinoic acid-induced neuronal differentiation in SH-SY5Y cells via the oxidative stress pathway, induced mitochondrial ROS production, and decreased mitochondrial fusion-related gene expression.
Material properties in SiGe/Ge quantum wells (2007)

Photocurrent measurements in Ge quantum wells and quantum tunneling resonance simulations give the first measurements of effective masses and other parameters for design of high-performance SiGe/Ge quantum well optoelectronics on silicon.
Feasibility of using Big Area Additive Manufacturing to Directly Manufacture Boat Molds (2018)

The goal of this project was to explore the feasibility of using Big Area Additive Manufacturing (BAAM) to directly manufacture a boat mold without the need for coatings. All prior tooling projects with BAAM required the use to thick coatings to overcome the surface finish limitations of the BAAM process. While the BAAM process significantly lowers the cost of building the mold, the high cost element rapidly became the coatings (cost of the material, labor on coating, and finishing). As an example, the time and cost to manufacture the molds for the Wind Turbine project with TPI Composites Inc. and the molds for the submarine project with Carderock Naval Warfare Systems was a fraction of the time and cost of the coatings. For this project, a catamaran boat hull mold was designed, manufactured, and assembled with an additional 0.15” thickness of material on all mold surfaces. After printing, the mold was immediately machined and assembled. Alliance MG, LLC (AMG), the industry partner of this project, experimented with mold release agents on the carbon-fiber reinforced acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (CF ABS) to verify that the material can be directly used as a mold (rather than needing a coating). In addition, for large molds (such as the wind turbine mold with TPI Composites Inc.), the mold only provided the target surface. A steel subframe had to be manufactured to provide structural integrity. If successful, this will significantly reduce the time and cost necessary for manufacturing large resin infusion molds using the BAAM process.
Digital Complexity in DSL: An Extrapolated Historical Overview (2011)

Abstract—Digital subscriber line (DSL) technology for copper twisted pair access networks has been evolving to meet the ever-growing demand for higher data rates. This evolution has gone hand in hand with the roll out of fiber deep in the access network. The most recent technology is vectored VDSL2, able to offer an aggregate data rate of 200 Mb/s on a single copper pair. The next step is to reach 500 to 1000 Mb/s over even shorter copper loops up to a few hundred meters. Such a DSL deployment is an enabler for the cost-effective continuation of the fiber roll-out closer to the end-user. In this paper, a reality check is performed on the digital complexity of a next-generation DSL (ΩDSL) transceiver. By taking into account Moore’s law, it is shown that the time is right for this next-generation DSL. Keywords—Digital Subscriber Line, complexity, analysis I.
Displacement current distribution on a high dielectric constant helmet and its effect on RF field at 10.5 T (447 MHz) (2021)

The HDC helmets enhanced the transmit efficiency and SNR of the dipole array coil in the human head at 10.5 T. The segmentation of the helmet to disrupt the continuity of circumscribing displacement currents in the helmet produced a more uniform distribution of the transmit field and lower specific absorption rate in the human head compared with the continuous helmet design.
Inhibition of Chymotrypsin by a Self‐Assembled DNA Quadruplex Functionalized with Cyclic Peptide Binding Fragments (2008)

A novel family of synthetic receptors was prepared for protein-surface recognition. The inhibition of chymotrypsin was achieved through protein-surface binding by four peptide loops arrayed on a DNA quadruplex scaffold (see figure). The most potent identified inhibitor has a Kiapp=0.33 μM. Detailed kinetic analysis revealed a two-step slow binding inhibition mechanism for the inhibition of ChT by this inhibitor. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Improved mechanical adhesion and electronic stability of organic solar cells with thermal ageing: the role of diffusion at the hole extraction interface (2017)

Organic photovoltaic solar cells are a promising option for cheap, renewable energy, but must improve in their stability.
Surface Energy‐Mediated Self‐Catalyzed CsPbBr3 Nanowires for Phototransistors (2022)

Abstract Controllable self‐catalyzed growth of semiconductor nanowires (NWs) is of great importance, particularly to avoid impurities coming from foreign catalysts to deteriorate the NW properties. Although this catalyst‐free NW growth has many obvious advantages, there are very limited works focused on all‐inorganic CsPbBr 3 perovskite NWs, which is one of the recent champion materials for electronics and optoelectronics. Here, a direct self‐catalyzed synthesis of freestanding CsPbBr 3 NWs via vapor–liquid–solid growth mechanism by chemical vapor deposition is developed. Notably, mainipulation of the substrate surface roughness is the key enabling parameter for the self‐catalyzed NW growth here. It is revealed that the surface energy of substrates, modulated by its surface roughness, is found to effectively mediate the self‐catalytic growth of CsPbBr 3 NWs. When configured into photodetectors, the intrinsic p‐type CsPbBr 3 NWs exhibit good optoelectronic performance with a photoresponivity of ≈2000 A W −1 , a detectivity of ≈2.57 × 10 12 Jones, and a fast response down to 362 µs. All these results evidently indicate the technological potential of this self‐catalyzed synthesizing route for other high‐quality all‐inorganic perovskite NWs.
A 0.190-pJ/bit 25.2-Gb/s/wire Inverter-Based AC-Coupled Transceiver for Short-Reach Die-to-Die Interfaces in 5-nm CMOS (2023)

This paper presents an Inverter-based AC-coupled Toggle (ISR-ACT) transceiver targeted for short-reach die-to-die communication over silicon interposer or similar high-density interconnect. The ISR-ACT’s transmitter sends NRZ data through a small on-chip capacitor into the line. The receiver amplifies the low-swing pulses using a 1st-stage TIA to fully toggle the 2nd-stage output, where positive feedback to the input pad maintains the DC level on the line. Fabricated in a 5nm standard CMOS process, ISR-ACT link shows 0.66UI margin at 25.2Gb/s/wire on a 0.75V supply over a 1.2mm on-chip channel and demonstrates the potential to achieve 0.190pJ/bit.
Biomechanical Effects of Transthoracic Microdiscectomy (1997)

Thoracic microdiscectomy had small effects on the immediate mechanics and kinematics of the thoracic spine and did not overtly destabilize the motion segments.
MPS 03-08 ON-TREATMENT BLOOD PRESSURE AND CARDIOVASCULAR OUTCOMES IN OLDER ADULTS WITH ISOLATED SYSTOLIC HYPERTENSION (2016)

Objective: Data are sparse regarding on-treatment blood pressure (BP) levels at which cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality risks are minimized in older adults with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). Our aim was to assess optimal on-treatment BP in older Japanese adults with ISH. Design and Method: We used data from the Valsartan in Elderly Isolated Systolic Hypertension (VALISH) Study, which recruited older adults (n = 3,035; mean age: 76 years) with systolic BP (SBP)>160 mmHg and diastolic BP (DBP) < 90 mmHg. Patients were randomly assigned to receive intensive (SBP target < 140 mmHg) or moderate (>140 and < 150 mmHg) BP-lowering treatment with Valsartan, and were also categorized into three groups based on their achieved on-treatment SBP: those with SBP < 130 mmHg (n = 317), 130 to <145 mmHg (n = 2,025), or >145 mmHg (n = 693). The primary outcome was composite CVD (coronary heart disease, stroke, heart failure, cardiovascular deaths, other vascular diseases, and kidney diseases) and the secondary outcome was all-cause mortality. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the CVD risk for each group. Results: Over a median 3-year follow-up (8022.13 person-years), 93 CVD events and 52 deaths occurred. With on-treatment SBP of 130 to <145 mmHg as the reference stratum, the multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals of CVD and all-cause mortality risks for those with on-treatment SBP<130 were 2.08 (1.12–3.83) and 2.09 (0.93–4.71), and for those with on-treatment SBP>145 mmHg were 2.29 (1.44–3.62) and 2.51 (1.35–4.66), respectively (Figure 1). Results were similar by baseline clinical characteristics (i.e., sex, <80 years and >80 years, and prevalent diabetes or CVD). On-treatment DBP yielded no relationships with CVD or all-cause mortality risk. Conclusions: A J-shaped relationship was observed between on-treatment SBP and CVD and all-cause mortality risk in older adults with ISH. On-treatment SBP of 130 to <145 mmHg was associated with minimal adverse outcomes.
Impact of selection functions on routing algorithm performance in multicomputer networks (1997)

Maximizing overall performance in multicomputers requires matching application communication characteristics with a suitable routing scheme. However, since the communication demands of emerging applications vary significantly, it is hard for a single routing algorithm to perform well under all workloads. In order to study the complex dependencies between routing policies and communication workloads, we have performed a set of multi-factor experiments to better characterize routing performance. These experiments show that in addition to adaptivity, the selection functions used to order the candidate links greatly affect network performance under various traftic patterns. By supporting flexible routing, the network can tune its routing policies to application communication characteristics in order to improve performance.
Preface (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceJANE FROMMERJANE FROMMERAlmaden Research Center IBM Research Division 650 Harry Road San Jose, CA 95120-6099More by JANE FROMMER and RENÉ M. OVERNEYRENÉ M. OVERNEYDepartment of Chemical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, WA 98195-1750More by RENÉ M. OVERNEYDOI: 10.1021/bk-2001-0781.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):December 18, 2000Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 18 December 2000Request reuse permissions Copyright © 2001 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Interfacial Properties on the Submicrometer Scalepp xi-xiiACS Symposium SeriesVol. 781ISBN13: 9780841236912eISBN: 9780841218482Chapter Views159Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (272 KB) Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Precursors for ¹8F-Labeling of Folic Acid for PET Application (2011)

Radiolabeled folate derivatives have the potential to target folate receptor-positive tumor cells for noninvasive diagnosis via positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We report the regiospecific synthesis of &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-(&lt;em&gt;N,N&lt;/em&gt;-dimethylaminomethylene)-2′-nitrofolic acid di-&lt;em&gt;tert&lt;/em&gt;-butyl ester (&lt;em&gt;13&lt;/em&gt;) and &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-(&lt;em&gt;N,N&lt;/em&gt;-dimethylaminomethylene)-&lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt;-formyl-2′-nitrofolic acid dimethyl ester (&lt;em&gt;25&lt;/em&gt;), which are precursors for the radiolabeling of folic acid with the PET isotope &lt;sup&gt;18&lt;/sup&gt;F. A modular synthetic strategy was applied: Fmoc- and Boc-protected 4-amino-2-nitrobenzoic acid were linked via amide bonds to di-&lt;em&gt;tert&lt;/em&gt;-butyl &lt;em&gt;L&lt;/em&gt;-glutamate and dimethyl &lt;em&gt;L&lt;/em&gt;-glutamate, respectively, to form building blocks &lt;em&gt;10&lt;/em&gt; and &lt;em&gt;19&lt;/em&gt;. After Fmoc and Boc removal, both compounds were coupled to 6-(bromomethyl)pterin hydrobromide to give crude 2′-nitrofolic acid di-&lt;em&gt;tert&lt;/em&gt;-butyl ester and 2′-nitrofolic acid dimethyl ester. After formylation of 2′-nitrofolic acid dimethyl ester at N&lt;sup&gt;10&lt;/sup&gt; and the introduction of an &lt;em&gt;N,N&lt;/em&gt;-dimethylaminomethylene group at N&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, precursor &lt;em&gt;25&lt;/em&gt; was obtained in an overall yield of 3%. The analogous 2′-fluoroderivative &lt;em&gt;28&lt;/em&gt; was obtained in 7% overall yield from 4-amino-2-fluorobenzoic acid. Precursor &lt;em&gt;13&lt;/em&gt; was obtained from 2′-nitrofolic acid di-&lt;em&gt;tert&lt;/em&gt;-butyl ester in 6% yield after N&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;-protection. The synthesis of the reference materials 2′-nitro- and 2′-fluorofolic acid was achieved by the reaction of &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;-(4-amino-2-nitrobenzoyl)- and &lt;em&gt;N&lt;/em&gt;-(4-amino-2-fluorobenzoyl)-&lt;em&gt;L&lt;/em&gt;-glutamic acid with 6-(bromomethyl)pterin hydrobromide, giving 7% and 14% overall yield, respectively.