gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent-Controlled Organization of Self-Assembled Polymeric Monolayers on Gold:  An Easy Approach for the Construction of Protein Resistant Surfaces (2005)

Protein resistant surfaces based on poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) coatings are extensively applied in the fields of biosensors, tissue engineering, fundamental cell-surface interaction research, and drug delivery systems. The structural organization of the PEG film on the surface has a significant effect on the performance of the film to resist protein adsorption. In this paper, we report an approach using solvent to control the organization of the polymeric monolayer on gold. A water soluble copolymer with grafted PEG side chains and alkyl disulfide side chains was synthesized. A polymeric monolayer was fabricated on a gold surface from different solutions (water- and toluene-based) of the copolymer. The organization of the polymeric monolayers was characterized by means of ellipsometry, cyclic voltammetry, contact angle, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscopy. It was proven that the structural organization of the polymeric monolayer on a gold surface could be controlled by the solvent. A polymeric monolayer with PEG enriched at the outer level is obtained when water is used as the solvent. Various types of proteins, including fibrinogen, albumin, and normal human serum, were used to test the protein resistance of the gold surfaces modified by the polymeric monolayers. The polymeric monolayer formed from a water solution of the copolymer showed excellent protein resistance. In addition, by using water as the solvent, patterning of the polymeric monolayer could easily be achieved through a combination of lift-off and self-assembly. We believe that the approach reported here provides an easy, fast, and efficient way to fabricate a robust protein resistant surface.
Mitochondrion-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 prevents rapid animal death caused by highly diverse shocks (2023)

The response to stress involves the activation of pathways leading either to protection from the stress origin, eventually resulting in development of stress resistance, or activation of the rapid death of the organism. Here we hypothesize that mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) play a key role in stress-induced programmed death of the organism, which we called "phenoptosis" in 1997. We demonstrate that the synthetic mitochondria-targeted antioxidant SkQ1 (which specifically abolishes mtROS) prevents rapid death of mice caused by four mechanistically very different shocks: (a) bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) shock, (b) shock in response to intravenous mitochondrial injection, (c) cold shock, and (d) toxic shock caused by the penetrating cation C<sub>12</sub>TPP. Importantly, under all these stresses mortality was associated with a strong elevation of the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and administration of SkQ1 was able to switch off the cytokine storms. Since the main effect of SkQ1 is the neutralization of mtROS, this study provides evidence for the role of mtROS in the activation of innate immune responses mediating stress-induced death of the organism. We propose that SkQ1 may be used clinically to support patients in critical conditions, such as septic shock, extensive trauma, cooling, and severe infection by bacteria or viruses.
A Convergent Synthesis of HPK1 Inhibitor GNE-6893 via Palladium-Catalyzed Functionalization of a Tetrasubstituted Isoquinoline (2023)

A scalable convergent synthesis of GNE-6893 (1) involving Pd-catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling and C–N coupling as key steps is reported. The production of the final active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) was achieved in 33% overall yield and 98 A% HPLC purity by a one-pot process of global deprotection, pH adjustment, crystallization, and isolation. Green chemistry practices were implemented in the process development of GNE-6893 (1) by utilizing a biocatalytic resolution to produce (3R,4S)-4-methyltetrahydrofuran-3-ol and replacing toxic triphosgene with a safer alternative, disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC), to construct the carbamate penultimate intermediate to API.
Reduction of somatostatin-14 binding to the rat somatostatin receptor subtype 3 by Na+ is enhanced by mutation of the glutamate residue 92 in the transmembrane domain II (1996)

In order to elucidate the amino acid residues that are involved in binding of somatostatin-14 (SST-14), mutations were introduced into the cDNA encoding somatostatin receptor subtype 3 (SSTR 3) using a polymerase chain reaction(PCR-)based approach. A glutamate residue (E92) in the transmembrane domain II of the SSTR3 sequence was subsequently mutated into a valine residue (E92V) referred to the sequence of SSTR5, which is known to preferentially bind SST-28. The mutation showed no significant differences in agonist binding, but caused enhancement of the sodium sensitivity of the receptor-agonist interaction.
Corrigendum: Beyond the Polysulfide Shuttle and Lithium Dendrite Formation: Addressing the Sluggish Sulfur Redox Kinetics for Practical High‐Energy Li‐S Batteries (2021)

In this Research Article, Figure 2 and Figure 3 were swapped during the publication process. Therefore, the position of Figure 2 and Figure 3 needs to be switched, while the Figure captions remain unchanged.
Distinctive growth requirements and gene expression patterns distinguish progenitor B cells from pre-B cells. (1993)

Long-term bone marrow cultures have been useful in determining gene expression patterns in pre-B cells and in the identification of cytokines such as interleukin 7 (IL-7). We have developed a culture system to selectively grow populations of B lineage restricted progenitors (pro-B cells) from murine bone marrow. Pro-B cells do not grow in response to IL-7, Steel locus factor (SLF), or a combination of the two. c-kit, the SLF receptor, and the IL-7 receptor are both expressed by pro-B cells, indicating that the lack of response is not simply due to the absence of receptors. Furthermore, SLF is not necessary for the growth of pro-B cells since they could be expanded on a stromal line derived from Steel mice that produces no SLF. IL-7 responsiveness in pre-B cells is associated with an increase in n-myc expression and is correlated with immunoglobulin (Ig) gene rearrangements. Although members of the ets family of transcription factors and the Pim-1 kinase are expressed by pro-B cells, n-myc is not expressed. Pro-B cells maintain Ig genes in the germline configuration, which is correlated with a low level of recombination activating genes 1 and 2 (Rag-1 and 2) mRNA expression, but high expression of sterile mu and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. Pro-B cells are unable to grow separated from the stromal layer by a porous membrane, indicating that stromal contact is required for growth. These results suggest that pro-B cells are dependent on alternative growth signals derived from bone marrow stroma and can be distinguished from pre-B cells by specific patterns of gene expression.
Observation of charmonium pairs produced exclusively in $pp$ collisions (2014)

A search is performed for the central exclusive production of pairs of charmonia produced in proton-proton collisions. Using data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb−1 collected at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV, J/ψJ/ψ and J(2S)/ψψ pairs are observed, which have been produced in the absence of any other activity inside the LHCb acceptance that is sensitive to charged particles in the pseudorapidity ranges (−3.5, -1.5) and (1.5, 5.0). Searches are also performed for pairs of P-wave charmonia and limits are set on their production. The cross-sections for these processes, where the dimeson system has a rapidity between 2.0 and 4.5, are measured to be&#13;\n&#13;\nσJ/ψJ/ψ = 58 ± 10(stat) ± 6(syst) pb,&#13;\nσJ/ψψ(2S) = 63+27-18 (stat) ± 10(syst) pb,&#13;\nσJ/ψ(2S)ψ(2S) &lt; 237 pb,&#13;\nσχc0χc0 &lt; 69 nb,&#13;\nσχc1χc1 &lt; 45 pb,&#13;\nσχc2χc2 &lt; 141 pb,&#13;\n&#13;\nwhere the upper limits are set at the 90% confidence level. The measured J/ψJ/ψ and Jψψ(2S) cross-sections are consistent with theoretical expectations.
False-negative responses in glaucoma perimetry: indicators of patient performance or test reliability? (2000)

The increased frequencies of false-negative answers in eyes with field loss were strongly associated with field status. The higher false-negative frequencies in eyes with glaucomatous field loss compared with unaffected eyes may be explained by the increased variability in threshold values typically found in such eyes. False-negative answers in patients with glaucoma therefore represent eye rather than patient status.
Electrospinning applications from diagnosis to treatment of diabetes (2016)

Modern applications of electrospinning.
Application of a Liquid Extraction Based Sealing Surface Sampling Probe for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Dried Blood Spots and Mouse Whole-Body Thin Tissue Sections (2009)

The utility of a liquid extraction based sealing surface sampling probe (SSSP) for the direct mass spectrometric analysis of targeted drugs and metabolites in dried blood spots (DBSs) and whole mouse thin tissue sections was demonstrated. The accuracy and precision for the quantitative analysis of a minimum of 50 ng/mL sitamaquine or acetaminophen in DBSs on paper were well within the required 15% dictated by internationally recognized acceptance criteria for assay validations. Analysis of whole-body mouse thin tissue sections from animals dosed with propranolol, adhered to an adhesive tape substrate, provided semiquantitative information for propranolol and its hydroxyproranolol glucuronide metabolite within specific organs of the tissue. The relative abundances recorded for the two compounds in the brain, lung, kidney, and liver were in nominal agreement with previously reported amounts based on analysis using a liquid microjunction surface sampling probe (LMJ-SSP), whole-body autoradiography (WBA), and high-pressure liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). The ability to sample and analyze from tape-adhered tissue samples, which are generally employed in WBA analysis, presents the possibility of consecutive WBA and SSSP-MS analysis of the same tissue section. This would facilitate assignment, and possibly quantitation, of the different molecular forms of total drug related material detected in the WBA analysis. The flexibility to sample larger or smaller spot sizes, alternative probe sealing mechanisms, and a reduction in internal volumes and associated sample carryover issues will be among the first simple improvements necessary to make the SSSP-MS method a practical DBS and/or thin tissue section analysis tool or to expand its use to other surface sampling applications.
Wavelength Tunable Polarization Mode Converter Utilizing Strain-Optic Effects in Ti:LiNbO 3 (1999)

Electro-optically wavelength tunable polarization mode converters have been produced in LiNbO 3 substrate using strain-induced polarization mode coupling. Polarization conversion in excess of 82% was achieved at a wavelength of 701.39 nm for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) input polarizations. The maximum conversion efficiency is highly wavelength selective with a spectral width of 1.45 nm in a 3.2 mm long device. Electro-optic tuning of the center wavelength with a linear tuning rate of 0.029 nm/V was demonstrated.
Three-photon excitation of hydrogen Rydberg states (1983)

A three-photon process using radiation at 2430 and 3660 A and with a 1s-2s two-photon resonance is used to excite atomic hydrogen from the ground state to Rydberg states of high principal quantum number. Collision-induced ionization is used to monitor the excitation.
Characterization of atherosclerosis with a 1.5‐T imaging system (1993)

It is shown that a conventional 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) imaging system can help characterize some of the key components of atherosclerotic plaque ex vivo. Fresh human aorta with atheromata was suspended in solutions of agarose and manganese chloride and heated to body temperature. The specimens were imaged with modified Dixon and projection-reconstruction imaging sequences. The specimens were then examined histologically to obtain direct correlation between images, spectra, and histologic characteristics. The results show that vessel wall and plaque components can be identified by means of their MR characteristics and correlated with their histologic appearance. The authors were able to identify normal vessel wall components, such as adventitial lipids and smooth muscle. They were also able to identify and localize plaque components such as fibrous tissue, calcification, lipids, and possible areas of hemorrhage and hemosiderin deposition.
4CMenB Immunization Induces Serum Bactericidal Antibodies Against Non-Serogroup B Meningococcal Strains in Adolescents (2020)

4CMenB vaccination in adolescents induces bactericidal killing of non-MenB isolates, suggesting that mass vaccination could impact IMD due to serogroups other than MenB.
Broadband Scatter Spectroscopy Imager for Breast Tumor Margin Delineation (2010)

A broadband scanning scatter spectroscopy imaging system has been developed to allow intra-operative assessment of lumpectomy tumor margins based on localized tissue scatter measures. Results from preliminary phantom measurements are discussed.
Androgens and breast cancer. (1992)

We have recently demonstrated that physiological levels of androgens exert direct and potent inhibitory effects on the growth of human breast cancer ZR-75-1 cells in vivo in nude mice as well as in vitro under both basal and estrogen-stimulated conditions. The inhibitory effect of androgens has also been confirmed on the growth of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Such observations are in close agreement with the clinical data showing that androgens and the androgenic compound medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) have beneficial effects in breast cancer in women comparable to other endocrine therapies, including tamoxifen. Although the inhibitory action of androgens on cell proliferation in estrogen-induced ZR-75-1 cells results, in part, from their suppressive effect on expression of the estrogen receptor, the androgens also exert a direct inhibitory effect independent of estrogens. Androgens cause a global slowing effect on the duration of the cell cycle. These observations support clinical data showing that androgenic compounds induce an objective remission after failure of antiestrogen therapy as well as those indicating that the antiproliferative action of androgens is additive to that of antiestrogens. We have also recently demonstrated in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells the antagonism between androgens and estrogens on the expression of GCDFP-15 and GCDFP-24 which are two major proteins secreted in human gross cystic disease fluid. The effects of androgens and estrogens as well as those of progestins and glucocorticoids on GCDFP-15 and GCDFP-24 mRNA levels and secretion are opposite to those induced by the same steroids on cell growth in ZR-75-1 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Interactive visualization of exceptionally complex industrial CAD datasets (2004)

Graphics hardware has dramatically evolved over the last years. Even consumer cards are able to render many million triangles per second. While this seems sufficient for most small and mid-sized scenes, many industrial CAD datasets are way to complex to be directly displayed interactively on current graphics accelerators, due to the limitations of the underlying rasterization algorithms.This project aims at interactively visualizing extremely large datasets with a software ray tracing approach. We demonstrate this using a "Boeing 777" model containing 350 million individual triangles. The model can be rendered at several frames per second including pixel-accurate shadows and highlights at full detail without any simplifications, even on a single commodity PC.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ALKOXY‐5‐NITROBENZAMIDES BY PHASE‐TRANSFER CATALYZED NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION OF 2‐CHLORO‐5‐NITROBENZAMIDES (1985)

Abstract Die Umsetzung von 2‐Chlor‐5‐nitrobenzamiden (I) mit Alkoholen und Phenolen unter Phasen‐Transfer‐Bedingungen wird untersucht.
Effect of Cerium Oxide Particle Sizes in Oxide Chemical Mechanical Planarization (2009)

This study explored the effect of different cerium oxide abrasive particle sizes in chemical mechanical planarization of blanket plasma-enhanced tetraethylorthosilicate wafers. All polishing experiments were done with a polisher and tribometer capable of measuring shear force and down force in real-time. Coefficient of friction and removal rate were found to correlate well with the slurry median particle size distribution. Removal rate modeling based on particle size was explored to support the interpretation of the experimental results.
Fabrication and testing of ceramic turbine wheels (1991)

A silicon nitride (Si[sub 3]N[sub 4]) radial inflow turbine wheel was fabricated by injection molding at Toyota Central R and D Labs. The wheel was 142 mm in outer diameter and had 14 blades. The radial wheel was too bulky to manufacture as a homogeneous and defect-free body in one piece. It was divided into two pieces for injection molding and put together into one body by a cold isostatic pressing step after binder removal. Spin testing was executed at room temperature and the resulting photographs, taken from three directions, provided useful information about the fraction mode of the wheels. The maximum burst speed of the wheels at room temperature was 98,900 rpm, which corresponded to 145 percent of the design speed. In a hot rig test, one of the wheels survived 75,000 rpm for ten minutes at a turbine inlet temperature of 1,050C.
A Concise Total Synthesis of the Lichen Macrolide (+)-Aspicilin (2006)

The total synthesis of the polyhydroxylated macrolide (+)-aspicilin 5 is described using as a key step a highly diastereoselective allylation of aldehyde 6 with the uniquely functionalized allylstannane 1. (+)-Aspicilin is obtained in 18 steps and 10% overall yield. [structure: see text]
A Multiport Cross-Connect Switch Using VLIMOEMS Mirror Arrays (2002)

The authors describe an all-optical multiport cross-connect switch based on very-large-integrated micro-optical electromechanical systems (VLIMOEMS). They explain the principle of operation of the switch, as well as the design requirements necessary to operate it in conformity with Telecordia GR-1073-CORE. Basic methods for optical modeling and optimization are described, as is a method for obtaining cross-connect scalability at levels of up to 16,000 ports.
Probabilistic-Based Adaptive Full-Duplex and Half-Duplex Medium Access Control (2015)

The feasibility of practical in-band full-duplex radios has recently been demonstrated experimentally. One way to leverage full-duplex in a network setting is to enable three-node full-duplex, where a full-duplex access point (AP) transmits data to one node yet simultaneously receives data from another node. Such three-node full-duplex communication however introduces inter-client interference, directly impacting the full-duplex gain. It hence may not always be beneficial to enable three-node full-duplex transmissions. In this paper, we present a distributed full-duplex medium access control (MAC) protocol that allows an AP to adaptively switch between full-duplex and half-duplex modes. We formulate a model that determines the probabilities of full-duplex and half-duplex access so as to maximize the expected network throughput. A MAC protocol is further proposed to enable the AP and clients to contend for either full-duplex or half-duplex transmissions based on their assigned probabilities in a distributed way. Our evaluation shows that, by combining the advantages of centralized probabilistic scheduling and distributed random access, our design improves the overall throughput by 3.16× and 1.44×, on average, as compared to half-duplex 802.11 and greedy downlink-uplink client pairing.
Cadmium telluride bulk crystal as an ultrafast nonlinear optical switch (2005)

A semiconductor bulk crystal has several advantages as a nonlinear optical material, such as low processing cost, long interaction length, and alleviation of the free-carrier absorption caused by two-photon absorption (TPA). We examine optical properties of semiconductor bulk crystals with different orientations at 1.55μm and find that CdTe[111] has favorable capabilities, such as nonlinear refractive index of 5.23×10−17(m2W), TPA coefficient of 18.3(mmGW), and consequent figure of merit of 0.54. Optical three-dimensional measurements of reflective material are carried out using CdTe[111] as ultrafast optical Kerr shutter and clear images corresponding to surface steps are obtained.
FP517INTRADIALYTIC RELATIVE BLOOD VOLUME AND ITS RELATIONSHIP WITH SYSTOLIC BLOOD PRESSURE AND INTRADIALYTIC HYPOTENSION (2018)

cardiovascular morbidities such as myocardial infarction and venous thromboembolic disease in CKD patients. We postulate that simple staining of a small sample of radial artery obtained (and usually discarded) during creation of arteriovenous fistula for haemodialysis may be of use to preliminarily assess CV risk in ESRD patients. Table 1. Clinical characteristics of the study group during five-year observation period Characteristic Values among stage 5 CKD patients (n47) Age, years 61 (53; 72)* Male sex, n (%) 32 (68%) Hemodialyzed, n (%) 28 (60%) Maintenance hemodialysis duration, months 5.5 (1.0; 27.0) BMI, kg/m 2 25.5 (22.0; 28.7) Diabetes, n (%) 12 (26%) Hypertension, n (%) 40 (85%) Dyslipidemia, n (%) 26 (55%) Active smoking, n (%) 14 (30%) Ischemic heart disease, n (%) 22 (49%) History of myocardial infarction, n (%) 11 (23%) History of venous thromboembolic disease, n (%) 11 (23%) History of stroke, n (%) 3 (6%)
Data on draft genome sequence and annotation of Pearl millet to improve agronomic traits in arid environments (2017)

The data files contains draft genome sequence of Pearl Millet along with its structural and functional annotation. The sequence of seven chromosomes are available in FASTA file pearl_millet_v1.1.fa, whereas those assembled sequences (scaffolds) which could not be mapped to any of the seven chromosomes are dumped into another FASTA file pearl_millet_v1.1.chrUn.fa. The structural annotation of these two types of genome sequences (draft assembly and unmapped scaffold sequences) is available in GFF files PM.genechr.trans.gff and PM.genescf.gff, respectively. Genome Manuscript BAM Files and SNP files
Interleukin-18 Enhances Antigen-induced Eosinophil Recruitment into the Mouse Airways (1999)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) has recently been identified as an IFN-gamma-inducing factor. Previous studies have shown that CD4(+) T cells, IL-5, and TNF-alpha mediate, but IFN-gamma and IL-12 (via IFN-gamma production) inhibit antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways of sensitized mice. Here, we showed that the administration of recombinant murine IL-18 enhanced antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the trachea and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF) of sensitized mice in a dose-dependent manner. The administration of IL-18 enhanced antigen-induced IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha production, but not IL-5 production, in the BALF and lungs of sensitized mice. Neutralizing antibody against TNF-alpha prevented antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the BALF of sensitized mice. Although IL-18 enhanced antigen-induced airway eosinophilia, IL-18 did not affect antigen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness in sensitized mice. These results indicate that IL-18, unlike IFN-gamma and IL-12, enhances antigen-induced eosinophil recruitment into the airways in part by increasing antigen-induced TNF-alpha production of sensitized animals. These findings suggest that IL-18 may contribute to the development and exacerbation of airway inflammation in asthma.