gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vasotocin and Mesotocin Stimulate the Biosynthesis of Neurosteroids in the Frog Brain (2006)

The neurohypophysial nonapeptides vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT) modulate a broad range of cognitive and social activities. Notably, in amphibians, vasotocin (VT), the ortholog of mammalian VP, plays a crucial role in the control of sexual behaviors. Because several neurosteroids also regulate reproduction-related behaviors, we investigated the possible effect of VT and the OT ortholog mesotocin (MT) in the control of neurosteroid production. Double immunohistochemical labeling of frog brain sections revealed the presence of VT/MT-positive fibers in close proximity of neurons expressing the steroidogenic enzymes 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta5-delta4 isomerase (3beta-HSD) and cytochrome P450 17alpha-hydroxylase/c17, 20-lyase (P450(C17)). High concentrations of VT and MT receptor mRNAs were observed in diencephalic nuclei containing the 3beta-HSD and P450(C17) neuronal populations. Exposure of frog hypothalamic explants to graded concentrations of VT or MT produced a dose-dependent increase in the formation of progesterone, 17-hydroxypregnenolone, 17-hydroxyprogesterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone. The stimulatory effect of VT and MT on neurosteroid biosynthesis was mimicked by VP and OT, as well as by a selective V1b receptor agonist, whereas V2 and OT receptor agonists had no effect. VT-induced neurosteroid production was completely suppressed by selective V1a receptor antagonists and was not affected by V2 and OT receptor antagonists. Concurrently, the effect of MT on neurosteroidogenesis was markedly attenuated by selective OT and V1a receptor antagonists but not by a V2 antagonist. The present study provides the first evidence for a regulatory effect of VT and MT on neurosteroid biosynthesis. These data suggest that neurosteroids may mediate some of the behavioral actions of VT and MT.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Tetrasaccharide Building Block of the O‐Specific Polysaccharide of Shigella dysenteriae Type. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Selective adsorption of metal ions on poly(4‐vinylpyridine) resins in which the ligand chain is immobilized by crosslinking (1976)

Abstract Chelate forming resins ( 3 ) were prepared by crosslinking poly(4‐vinylpyridine) ( 1 ) with 1,4‐dibromobutane ( 2 ) and their complexation with metal ions was studied. Stability constants ( K ) were found to be much higher for the Cu‐ 3 system than for the Cu‐ 1 system, which indicates that 3 uptakes Cu ions with high efficiency. K and the adsorption capacity of Cu decrease largely with increasing degree of crosslinking. Visible and ESR spectra of Cu‐ 3 show that the structure of the Cu complex within 3 is the same as that of the monomeric Cu‐pyridine complex. However, the ligand‐chain is immobilized in the highly crosslinked 3c and 3d , so that the square planar structure of a stable Cu complex is distorted. The amount of adsorption of Cu, Fe, Cr, Ni, and Zn ions on 3 decreases with the crosslinking, but the adsorption of Hg ions is independent; i.e. 3d selectively adsorbs Hg ions. Metal complexed 1 was crosslinked according to Scheme 1 and the metal ion which was used as template is well adsorbed by the obtained 3 . It is considered, therefore, that the ligand chain is maintained at the best conformation for the template ion.
Robust parametric modeling of Alzheimer's disease progression (2021)

Quantitative characterization of disease progression using longitudinal data can provide long-term predictions for the pathological stages of individuals. This work studies the robust modeling of Alzheimer's disease progression using parametric methods. The proposed method linearly maps the individual's age to a disease progression score (DPS) and jointly fits constrained generalized logistic functions to the longitudinal dynamics of biomarkers as functions of the DPS using M-estimation. Robustness of the estimates is quantified using bootstrapping via Monte Carlo resampling, and the estimated inflection points of the fitted functions are used to temporally order the modeled biomarkers in the disease course. Kernel density estimation is applied to the obtained DPSs for clinical status classification using a Bayesian classifier. Different M-estimators and logistic functions, including a novel type proposed in this study, called modified Stannard, are evaluated on the data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) for robust modeling of volumetric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and positron emission tomography (PET) biomarkers, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measurements, as well as cognitive tests. The results show that the modified Stannard function fitted using the logistic loss achieves the best modeling performance with an average normalized mean absolute error (NMAE) of 0.991 across all biomarkers and bootstraps. Applied to the ADNI test set, this model achieves a multiclass area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.934 in clinical status classification. The obtained results for the proposed model outperform almost all state-of-the-art results in predicting biomarker values and classifying clinical status. Finally, the experiments show that the proposed model, trained using abundant ADNI data, generalizes well to data from the National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center (NACC) with an average NMAE of 1.182 and a multiclass AUC of 0.929.
Evaluation of the Stream Query Language CQL (2010)

There are several query languages developed for data stream management systems (DSMS), CQL (Stanford), StreamSQL (StreamBase), WaveScript (MIT), SCSQL (Uppsala University), etc. This thesis is the research phase of a two-phase project where the final goal is to provide CQL support to the Super Computer Stream Query processor (SCSQ); a DSMS developed by the Uppsala DataBase Laboratory. In this paper, the main properties of CQL, the extent to which they are implemented by the Stanford STREAM project and the expressibility of the Linear Road (LR) benchmark using CQL is investigated. An overview and comparison of SQL, CQL, StreamSQL and WaveScript is also given.
Cortical Bone Trajectory for Thoracic Pedicle Screws (2014)

The detailed morphometric measurement and favorable screw fixation stability of thoracic CBT are reported. The insertional torque using thoracic CBT technique was 53.8% higher than that of the traditional technique.
From Hours to Seconds: Towards 100x Faster Quantitative Phase Imaging via Differentiable Microscopy (2022)

With applications ranging from metabolomics to histopathology, quantitative phase microscopy (QPM) is a powerful label-free imaging modality. Despite significant advances in fast multiplexed imaging sensors and deep-learning-based inverse solvers, the throughput of QPM is currently limited by the speed of electronic hardware. Complementarily, to improve throughput further, here we propose to acquire images in a compressed form such that more information can be transferred beyond the existing electronic hardware bottleneck. To this end, we present a learnable optical compression-decompression framework that learns content-specific features. The proposed differentiable quantitative phase microscopy ($\partial μ$) first uses learnable optical feature extractors as image compressors. The intensity representation produced by these networks is then captured by the imaging sensor. Finally, a reconstruction network running on electronic hardware decompresses the QPM images. In numerical experiments, the proposed system achieves compression of $\times$ 64 while maintaining the SSIM of $\sim 0.90$ and PSNR of $\sim 30$ dB on cells. The results demonstrated by our experiments open up a new pathway for achieving end-to-end optimized (i.e., optics and electronic) compact QPM systems that may provide unprecedented throughput improvements.
Cholesterol-lowering effect of plant sterols (2000)

Intake of plant sterols (4-desmethyl sterols, phytosterols) reduces cholesterol absorption and lowers serum total and LDL cholesterol levels in humans. The use of dietary plant sterol regimens for lowering elevated serum cholesterol values has recently gained much interest, especially after the commercial introduction of margarines containing plant stanols esterified with fatty acids. The solubility of free, crystalline plant sterols and stanols in edible oils and fats is low, limiting their use especially in fat-containing food. By esterifying of, e.g., plant stanols with fatty acids derived from a vegetable oil fatty acid ester of plant stanols with fat-like properties are obtained. These fat-soluble forms of plant stanols provide a technically feasible way of introducing the adequate daily amount of plant sterol into foods for optimal reduction of the cholesterol absorption, without changing the taste of the finished product. The cholesterol-lowering effect of plant stanol esters has been extensively studied. Plant stanol esters effectively restrict the absorption of both dietary and biliary cholesterol causing plant stanol specific reductions in serum total and LDL cholesterol levels of up to 10% and 14%, respectively. Serum HDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels are not affected. The cholesterol-lowering effect of plant stanol esters complements the beneficial effects of a healthy diet and cholesterol medication.
The mechanism of anti-tumor immunity induced by varlilumab, a CD27 agonist mAb, is model dependent (2015)

Meeting abstracts The use of agonist antibodies to costimulatory receptors holds significant promise as a complementary approach to the already proven strategy of antibody mediated checkpoint blockade. This is in part due to the multiple mechanisms that have been associated with targeting
MIRASOL Displays (2017)

This chapter discusses the basic electromechanical physics of the mirasol display, principles of interferometric colour generation and modulation and device fabrication and manufacturing. It demonstrates how materials and tools available from thin-film transistor display industry are being applied to the fabrication of mirasol display. The chapter also discusses front-of-screen components, with a particular focus on touch input interface and supplemental illumination needed for reflective displays in darker ambient conditions. Qualcomm's mirasol displays are an alternative to pervasive flat-panel display technology; technologies such as liquid crystal display and organic light-emitting diode are based on interferometric modulator and utilize microelectromechanical systems elements. These elements modulate visible light based on the principles of interference. The most important consideration in the design of a product based on the mirasol reflective display is managing the light path to and from the display. The highest display contrast is the result of minimizing reflections from the surfaces in front of the display elements.
Association of Blood Donor Age and Sex With Recipient Survival After Red Blood Cell Transfusion (2016)

Red blood cell transfusions from younger donors and from female donors were statistically significantly associated with increased mortality. These findings suggest that donor characteristics may affect RBC transfusion outcomes.
Endoscopic ultrasonography in gastric malignancies (1989)

SCOPUS: cp.j
Orally Active Thrombin Inhibitors. Part 2. Optimization of the P2‐Moiety. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of (S)‐3,4‐Diaminobutanenitriles as Precursors for 3‐Amino‐GABA Derivatives (1995)

Starting from natural asparagine (1) a synthesis of the protected (S)-3,4-diaminobutanenitriles 5 and 8a-c via the beta-homoserine derivative 2 is described. The amino function in position 4 was introduced by Mitsunobu-coupling or by reductive amination when a strange deformylation of the amino aldehyde 7 was observed as a side reaction. The Mitsunobu-product 5 was converted into the dibenzylamine substituted GABA 6b which was investigated for its affinity at the GABA-A receptor.
Design and lasing characteristics of GaN vertical elongated cavity surface emitting lasers (2014)

We report on design and lasing characteristics of GaN vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with an elongated cavity for use in uniform elements of a two-dimensional (2D) laser array. Calculations of VCSELs with the elongated cavity taking into account the wavelength dispersion of the refractive index show that the transverse mode spacing can be significantly narrower than the gain spectrum with a small tradeoff of the differential quantum efficiency. The result clearly shows that the elongated cavity is robust against the thermally induced peakshift of the gain spectrum, and thus preferable for use in elements of density packed laser array for which uniform operation of each element is crucial. The VCSEL with the elongated cavity fabricated by the wafer thinning technique operates under current injection by using highly reflective distributed Bragg reflectors (DBRs) made of transparent ZrO<sub>2</sub> and SiO<sub>2</sub> film stacks. Together with high reflectivity and wide stop band of the DBR, the elongated cavity of 6 &mu;m (36&lambda;) allows multimode lasing oscillation with a mode spacing of 2.9 nm, which is one order of magnitude narrower than the gain spectrum. In addition, we demonstrate a 5x5 GaN VCSEL array.
Balance of IL-1 receptor antagonist/IL-1 beta in rheumatoid synovium and its regulation by IL-4 and IL-10. (1995)

The spontaneous production of IL-1 beta (IL-1 beta) and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) by rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovium, and the regulation of their production by IL-4 and IL-10, were studied. Supernatants from cultured synovium pieces from 19 RA patients were assayed for IL-1 beta and IL-1Ra production using ELISA and RIA, respectively. After 10 days of culture, spontaneous production of IL-1Ra was 1.42 +/- 0.43 ng/ml/100 mg of synovium whereas spontaneous production of IL-1 beta was 4.03 +/- 0.90 ng/ml/100 mg of synovium (n = 19). The addition of IL-4 reduced IL-1 beta production by 2.3-fold (p = 0.001) and increased that of IL-1Ra by 2.8-fold (p = 0.003). IL-10 had no significant effect on IL-1Ra production and suppressed IL-1 beta production (primarily in samples producing high levels of IL-1 beta). However, IL-10 was less potent than IL-4 in suppressing IL-1 beta production. IL-1Ra was mainly produced by rheumatoid synovial monocytes/macrophages. IL-4 was more potent than IL-10 in inducing IL-1Ra production by monocytes/macrophages purified from RA synovium, as well as from RA blood. Thus, RA synovium is characterized by an imbalance between IL-1Ra and IL-1 beta production, in favor of the latter. IL-4, and to a lesser extent IL-10, shift this balance in favor of an anti-inflammatory situation.
Investigation of plasmonic transmission in UT shaped graphene arrays (2017)

In this work, we studied the multi-band plasmonic UT graphene antenna arrays. The proposed model shows three different resonance frequencies. We show nearfield distributions of corresponding resonance frequencies and investigate the effect of the geometrical parameters, chemical potential, relaxation time, thickness of the substrate and different refractive index of the material on the spectral position of the UT-shaped graphene antenna.
Non‐rigid alignment in electron tomography in materials science (2016)

Electron tomography is a key technique that enables the visualization of an object in three dimensions with a resolution of about a nanometre. High-quality 3D reconstruction is possible thanks to the latest compressed sensing algorithms and/or better alignment and preprocessing of the 2D projections. Rigid alignment of 2D projections is routine in electron tomography. However, it cannot correct misalignments induced by (i) deformations of the sample due to radiation damage or (ii) drifting of the sample during the acquisition of an image in scanning transmission electron microscope mode. In both cases, those misalignments can give rise to artefacts in the reconstruction. We propose a simple-to-implement non-rigid alignment technique to correct those artefacts. This technique is particularly suited for needle-shaped samples in materials science. It is initiated by a rigid alignment of the projections and it is then followed by several rigid alignments of different parts of the projections. Piecewise linear deformations are applied to each projection to force them to simultaneously satisfy the rigid alignments of the different parts. The efficiency of this technique is demonstrated on three samples, an intermetallic sample with deformation misalignments due to a high electron dose typical to spectroscopic electron tomography, a porous silicon sample with an extremely thin end particularly sensitive to electron beam and another porous silicon sample that was drifting during image acquisitions.
Circadian variations of ventricular tachyarrhythmias detected by the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. (1997)

The data of this study clearly show the existence of different circadian variations in the occurrence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, suggesting complex interactions between the autonomic nervous system, ventricular electrophysiological properties and the onset of arrhythmia.
Modulation of Ultralarge Immune Complexes in Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (2022)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is serious prothrombotic disorder in which the target antigen, composed of tetramers of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin or cellular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), forms ultralarge immune complexes (ULICs) with a subset of anti-PF4 antibodies. ULICs initiate prothrombotic responses in large part by engaging Fcγ receptors on platelets, neutrophils, and monocytes. Contemporary anti-thrombotic therapy for HIT is neither entirely safe nor entirely successful, and acts downstream of ULIC formation and Fcγ receptor-initiated generation of thrombin. Therefore, we asked whether HIT antigen and ULIC formation and stability could be modified to attenuate cellular activation by inhibiting PF4-heparin interactions with fondaparinux in conjunction with disrupting PF4 tetramers with a humanized form of a monoclonal anti-PF4 monomer antibody (hRTO, Figure 1). Using dynamic light scattering to measure HIT antigen (PF4 10 µg/ml and heparin 0.2U/ml) and ULIC (PF4 10 µg/ml, heparin 0.2U/ml, KKO 35µg/ml) size, we found that either fondaparinux (FPX 5-20U/ml) or hRTO (400 - 1000 µg/ml) inhibited formation of HIT antigen and ULIC, and promoted HIT antigen and ULIC disassembly. Successively higher concentrations of hRTO were required as PF4 formed large antigenic complexes and then ULICs, likely because the bonds between PF4 and UFH have been strengthened and access to inhibitors lessened (Figure 1A). Combination of fondaparinux and hRTO was effective below the concentration of either alone (FPX 2.5U/ml + hRTO 330 µg/ml). Importantly, fondaparinux and hRTO blocked Fcγ receptor-dependent induction of factor Xa activity by monocytic THP1 cells and activation of human platelets in whole blood (Figure 1B). When combined with hRTO, fondaparinux inhibited HIT antigen and immune complex formation at concentrations at or below those used clinically to inhibit FXa coagulant activity. Even lower concentrations of inhibitors (FPX < 0.1-0.5 U/ml + hRTO 50 µg/ml) were required to block cell activation than were required to act on ULICs in solution, likely because the affinity of PF4 for GAGs is less than for UFH. These studies show that HIT antigen and immune complexes are dynamic and amenable to modulation. Fondaparinux can be converted from an anticoagulant that acts at a downstream amplification step into a rational, disease-specific intervention that blocks ULIC formation when used in combination with hRTO. Our studies demonstrate that interventions that prevent ULIC formation and stability might increase the efficacy, permit use of lower doses, and shorten the duration of anti-thrombotic therapy and help prevent this serious thrombotic disorder. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal
Tuning the underwater oleophobicity of graphene oxide coatings via UV irradiation (2014)

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation was utilized to gradually modify the chemistry and structure of graphene oxide (GO) flakes, as confirmed by XPS and AFM. Ultrathin GO coatings/membranes, made of UV-irradiated flakes, showed tunable underwater oleophobicity. UV-treated, superoleophobic GO membranes exhibited excellent antifouling capability for oil/water separation.
Investigation of reverse recovery effects on the SOA of integrated high frequency power transistors (2016)

Switching frequency and switching losses are the dominating factors in power conversion applications. These factors can be controlled at technology development or at IC design with different trade-offs. In this paper we introduce a technique to measure safe operating area (SOA) under high frequency switching conditions - primarily, when the power LDMOS body diode is undergoing reverse-recovery. We show that this new SOA is more conservative than the electrical SOA and defines a diminished boundary for high frequency and high reverse injection operations. With this technique we look at the impact on specific design parameters in commonly used LDMOS topologies in an advanced BCD technology. Furthermore with the help of numerical simulations and careful metrological observations we discuss the phenomena leading to device performance limits useful for IC and device designers. Failure analysis of devices at product level and controlled failures created in standalone devices at wafer-level are examined.
New Constructions of SD and MR Codes over Small Finite Fields (2016)

Data storage applications require erasure-correcting codes with prescribed sets of dependencies between data symbols and redundant symbols. The most common arrangement is to have $k$ data symbols and $h$ redundant symbols (that each depends on all data symbols) be partitioned into a number of disjoint groups, where for each group one allocates an additional (local) redundant symbol storing the parity of all symbols in the group. A code as above is maximally recoverable, if it corrects all erasure patterns that are information theoretically correctable given the dependency constraints. A slightly weaker guarantee is provided by SD codes. One key consideration in the design of MR and SD codes is the size of the finite field underlying the code as using small finite fields facilitates encoding and decoding operations. In this paper we present new explicit constructions of SD and MR codes over small finite fields.
Wall adhesion and constitutive modeling of strong colloidal gels (2014)

Wall adhesion effects during batch sedimentation of strongly flocculated colloidal gels are commonly assumed to be negligible. In this study, in-situ measurements of gel rheology and solids volume fraction distribution suggest the contrary, where significant wall adhesion effects are observed in a 110mm diameter settling column. We develop and validate a mathematical model for the equilibrium stress state in the presence of wall adhesion under both viscoplastic and viscoelastic constitutive models. These formulations highlight fundamental issues regarding the constitutive modeling of colloidal gels, specifically the relative utility and validity of viscoplastic and viscoelastic rheological models under arbitrary tensorial loadings. The developed model is validated against experimental data, which points toward a novel method to estimate the shear and compressive yield strength of strongly flocculated colloidal gels from a series of equilibrium solids volume fraction profiles over various column widths.