gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Changes in Bone Marrow Tumor and Immune Cells Correlate with Durability of Remissions Following BCMA CAR T Therapy in Myeloma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Chimeric antigen-receptor (CAR) T cells lead to high response rates in myeloma, but most patients experience recurrent disease. We combined several high-dimensional approaches to study tumor/immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of myeloma patients pre– and post–B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-specific CAR T therapy. Lower diversity of pretherapy T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire, presence of hyperexpanded clones with exhaustion phenotype, and BAFF&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;PD-L1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; myeloid cells in the marrow correlated with shorter progression-free survival (PFS) following CAR T therapy. In contrast, longer PFS was associated with an increased proportion of CLEC9A&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; dendritic cells (DC), CD27&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;TCF1&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells with diverse T-cell receptors, and emergence of T cells expressing marrow-residence genes. Residual tumor cells at initial response express stemlike genes, and tumor recurrence was associated with the emergence of new dominant clones. These data illustrate a dynamic interplay between endogenous T, CAR T, myeloid/DC, and tumor compartments that affects the durability of response following CAR T therapy in myeloma.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;There is an unmet need to identify determinants of durable responses following BCMA CAR T therapy of myeloma. High-dimensional analysis of the TME was performed to identify features of immune and tumor cells that correlate with survival and suggest several strategies to improve outcomes following CAR T therapy.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/bloodcancerdiscov/article/10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-22-0126" target="_blank"&gt;See related commentary by Graham and Maus, p. 478&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;a href="https://aacrjournals.org/bloodcancerdiscov/article/doi/10.1158/2643-3230.BCD-3-6-ITI" target="_blank"&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 476&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Navigation system autonomy and integration in NextGen: Challenges and solutions (2011)

For strategic air traffic management, NextGen foresees the use of negotiated 4-D trajectories. With the separation margins envisioned in NextGen, navigation errors can result in a loss of separation within a time that is shorter than the time needed to resolve the conflict through trajectory negotiation. A gap exists between the time to conflict that the situation can be resolved through trajectory negotiation and the time to conflict at which TCAS starts to provide collision avoidance guidance. To limit the situations in which TCAS must provide collision avoidance guidance, the challenge is to minimize the encounter probability in the time domain where negotiating 4-D solutions is not practical. To support the pilot with self-separation, ADS-B enabled Conflict Detection and Resolution (CD&R) concepts are being developed. To realize a situation in which the pilot assesses options generated by the CD&R system and selects the one to be executed by the GNC system, integration between these two systems is required. The integration needs to address the autonomy of the system functions, the associated role of the pilot and the resulting information requirements. The work discussed in this paper has focused on the design of a concept for the computation and execution of conflict prevention maneuvers with a high degree of trajectory (outer- loop) predictability and the presentation of the result to the pilot in such a way that it can be used both for manual and supervisory control. The basis for this approach is the use of conflict probes for the CD&R function. Based on the location and extent of the predicted conflict space(s), a set of trajectories are continuously computed and presented to the pilot. The pilot can assess the different trajectories relative to the constraints and select the most appropriate one. A number of examples are provided to illustrate the concept.
Transport of a relativistic electron beam in gas and plasma-filled focusing cells for x-ray radiography (2004)

Gas cells have been used in radiographic sources to assist in the focusing of intense electron beams, produced using pulsed-power accelerators, onto a high atomic number target to generate bremsstrahlung radiation. The quality of the resulting source increases linearly with the dose and inversely with the square of the spot size. The electron beams of order 30 kA current and up to 10 MeV energy drive a rapid breakdown of the gas increasing the gas conductivity through direct ionization by the beam and electron avalanche. Nonideal effects associated with the breakdown result in an axial sweep of the beam focus position that smears the radiographic spot. Higher plasma conductivity in the cell could lead to an improved radiation source. Hybrid particle-in-cell simulations show improvement of the beam spot via pre-ionization of the gas cell prior to arrival of the electron beam pulse. In this paper, the propagation of a 30 kA, 3.5 MeV electron beam, focused into gas and plasma-filled cells is modeled. The simulations compare the effectiveness of beam focusing using neutral gas, partially ionized gas, and fully ionized (plasma-filled) cells. The results show that an initial plasma density approaching 1016 cm−3 is sufficient to prevent significant net currents and the subsequent beam sweep that is observed in an optimized gas cell. The net current is calculated to increase as the plasma density falls to that of the beam due mainly to plasma current resistive decay and electron inertial effects at the target.
Performance analysis of both hybrid and frequency-hopped phase-coherent spread-spectrum systems. I. A hybrid DS/FH system (1989)

The authors present and analyze a model for both hybrid and frequency-hopped spread-spectrum systems in which a fully digital coherent receiver is used to demodulate the data. A receiver for a hybrid DS/FH (direct-sequence/frequency-hopped) system using a digital delay-lock loop is considered. In the absence of frequency uncertainty, it is shown that the tracking error can be modeled as an ergodic Markov chain with a finite-state set, and the probability density function of the steady-state tracking error is evaluated. When there is a frequency uncertainty, the dynamics of the resulting nonstationary phase error can be obtained, and an expression to evaluate the probability distribution of the first time at which the phase error hits predetermined boundary values is derived. Bit error rate performance is determined in the presence of both additive white Gaussian noise and various types of interference, and the performance is compared to that of noncoherent FSK systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
CFD modeling of unsteady blood flow in a arteriovenous fistula reconstructed from angioscanner (2005)

We propose an investigation protocol to understand the correlation between hemodynamic changes in a very specific blood vessel (arteriovenous fistula created in hemodialysis patients) and the associated clinical complications. Realistic 3D geometry of the fistula is the result of the reconstruction of segmented CT angiography images. Then the geometrical model is treated with industrial computation fluid dynamics software for blood flow simulation. Key words: Hemodynamic, ESRD, Recirculation phenomena, Angiography
View from Above: Exploring the Malware Ecosystem from the Upper DNS Hierarchy (2022)

This work explores authoritative DNS (AuthDNS) as a new measurement perspective for studying the large-scale epidemiology of the malware ecosystem—when and where infections occur, and what infrastructure spreads and controls malware. Utilizing an AuthDNS dataset from a top registrar, we observe malware heterogeneity (202 families), global infrastructure (399,830 IPs in 151 countries) and infection (40,937 querying Autonomous Systems (ASes)) visibility, as well as breadth of temporal coverage (2017–2021). This combination of factors enables an extensive analysis of the malware ecosystem that reinforces prior work on malware infrastructure and also contributes new perspectives on malware infection distribution and lifecycle. We find that malware families re-use infrastructure, especially in cloud hosting countries, but contrary to prior work, we do not detect targeting of clients by countries or industry sector. Furthermore, our 4-year lifecycle analysis of diverse malware families shows that infection analysis is temporally sensitive: over 90% of ASes first query a malicious domain after public detection, and a median of 38.6% ASes only query after domain expiration or takedown. To fit AuthDNS into the broader context of malware research, we conclude with a comparison of experimental vantage points on four qualitative aspects and discuss their advantages and limitations. Ultimately, we establish AuthDNS as a unique measurement perspective capable of measuring global malware infections.
Formation of Mn-Doped SnO2 Nanoparticles Via the Microwave Technique: Structural, Optical and Electrical Properties (2016)

Ultrafine pure and Mn-doped SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized via the microwave technique. They were produced using tin chloride and hexamethylenetetramine at the molar ratio of 1:20. The concentrations of Mn in the SnO2 matrix were in the range of 0.1–5 mol%. These nanomaterials were characterized using different techniques. SEM and TEM results show ultrafine NPs with sizes around 10 nm in both pure and Mn-doped samples. A single-phase rutile-type tetragonal structure was observed in pure and Mn-doped samples, as revealed by XRD analysis, while PL emission spectra of these samples showed the broad band peaking at 365 nm. The intensity of this band was observed to increase by increasing the concentration of Mn up to 0.3 mol%, and then to decrease at higher values. A Raman spectrum of the pure sample shows two bands at 630 and 780 cm−1, which are the regular A1g and B2g vibrations of SnO2, while an extra band is observed at 210 cm−1 in the doped samples. The resistivity of Mn-doped SnO2 NPs was observed to decrease by increasing the temperature, but it drastically increased by increasing the Mn content. The activation energy of Mn-doped SnO2 NPs was also calculated, and was found to increase from 0.53 to 1.21 eV by varying the Mn dopant from 0.1 to 5 mol%. These results show that the microwave technique is a powerful tool that can be used to produce a high yield of ultrafine SnO2 NPs. Moreover, Mn was found to be a proper activator for tuning the optical and electrical properties of this material, for its application as a dilute magnetic semiconductor or spintronic devices.
Total IgG endpoint titers specific to <i>Bm</i>-103, <i>Bm</i>-RAL-2 or the fusion protein in gerbils vaccinated (N = 10) with <i>Bm</i>-RAL-2 and <i>Bm</i>-103 individually, concurrently or as a fusion protein. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Each dot represents IgG endpoint titer from an individual animal. The lines represent median with maximum and minimum range. Asterisk/s denotes a statistically significant difference in IgG endpoint titers between analyzed groups, Mann–Whitney U Test, GraphPad Prism 6 (*, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.05; **, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.01; ***, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.001; ****, &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; ≤ 0.0001).&lt;/p&gt;
193nm single layer photoresists: defeating tradeoffs with a new class of fluoropolymers (2005)

The focus of this paper is to utilize the acidity of hexafluoroalcohol (HFA) in addressing performance deficiencies associated with current 193nm methacrylate resist materials. In this study, we have designed and developed a variety of HFA pendant methacrylate monomers and the corresponding imaging polymers for ArF lithography. It was shown that typical swelling behavior observed in methacrylate resists can be substantially reduced or eliminated by replacing commonly used multicylcic lactone polar functionalities with acidic HFA side chains. The incorporation of aliphatic spacers between HFA and polymer backbone were found to be more effective than cyclic hindered moieties, in achieving linear dissolution characteristics. The typical poor etch stability associated with fluorine atoms in HFA can be substantially minimized by designing side chains with a combination of appropriate cyclic and aliphatic moieties and fine-tuning the corresponding polymer compositions. PEB sensitivity of high activation energy protecting group (e.g., methyladamentyl group) based methacrylate resists can be substantially improved through the incorporation of acidic HFA side chains (6nm/C to <1 nm/C). The key application space for HFA-methacrylate resists appears to be trench level lithography. It was also demonstrated that these HFA materials are compatible with immersion lithography and result in dramatically improved process windows for iso trench features, in addition to other lines/space features.
Influence of deep traps on the measurement of free-carrier distributions in semiconductors by junction capacitance techniques (1974)

A generalized model is developed for the electronic behavior of deep traps in a p-n-junction depletion region. The depletion region is shown to consist of two parts: (i) a space-charge region which is totally depleted of free carriers and (ii) a transition region which is only partially depleted. The influence of this junction structure on free-carrier profiling measurements is considered in detail for donor and acceptor traps with both homogeneous and inhomogeneous spatial distributions. Experimental observations of deep-trap distributions produced by proton bombardment of n-type silicon are analyzed within the framework of the model. Implications of the model in the measurement of junction capacitance transients and photocapacitance are considered in Appendices A-C.
Decentralized multi-agent POMDPs framework for humans-robots teamwork coordination in search and rescue (2015)

Despite the fact that robots have reached a high level of autonomy in recent years, the need for human presence in certain situations is still essential, especially in search and rescue operations. The human extends the robots capabilities beyond of what they are capable of with current technologies. While current robotic devices are able to navigate, locate, and map search and rescue areas, some interventions require high degree of dexterity and information exchange that implies cooperation between the agents intervening in the area — human and/or robots. This paper presents a framework for modelling the coordination between human responders and robots in search and rescue scenarios using Decentralised Multi-agent Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (Dec-MPOMDP). In this framework the human is treated as an intelligent agent with separate observations and actions that are communicated with the remaining team (human and robots) to reach the level of synergy required to accomplish joined tasks.
Kupfer(I)‐unterstützte Stille‐Kupplung von α‐stannylsubstituierten Enolethern mit Enoltriflaten: Aufbau von komplexen Polyethergerüsten (1996)

Ein sehr einfacher und effizienter Weg zu Bitetrahydropyranyl‐Systemen wie 1 wird hier beschrieben. Die Kupplung eines α‐stannylsubstituierten Enolethers mit einem Enoltriflat in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen [Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 ] sowie von CuCl und K 2 CO 3 , im Überschuß bei Raumtemperatur liefert in guten Ausbeuten auch komplexe Polyetherstrukturen, wie unter anderem an einem Strukturelement von Maitotoxin gezeigt werden konnte. magnified image
Circumferential strain in the wall of the common carotid artery: Comparing displacement‐encoded and cine MRI in volunteers (2008)

The walls of conduit arteries undergo cyclic stretching from the periodic fluctuation of arterial pressure. Atherosclerotic lesions have been shown to localize to regions of excessive stretching of the arterial wall. We employed a displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) sequence to image the motion of the common carotid artery wall and map the two-dimensional (2D) circumferential strain. The sequence utilizes a fully-balanced steady-state free-precession (SSFP) readout with 0.60 mm in-plane resolution. Preliminary results in volunteers at 1.5T (N = 4) and 3.0T (N = 17) are compared to measurements of the lumen circumference from cine images. The agreement between the two independent measurements at both field strengths (P < or = 0.001) supports the use of DENSE as a means to map the pulsatile strain in the carotid artery wall.
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL GENERATION OF BIS(TRIETHYLPHOSPHINE)‐3,3‐DIMETHYLPLATINACYCLOBUTANE FROM DINEOPENTYLBIS(TRIETHYLPHOSPHINE)PLATINUM(II) (1979)

Abstract Ein Mechanismus für die thermische Umwandlung des aus Dichlorocyclooctadien‐(l,5)‐Pt und Neopentyl‐MgBr und Triethylphosphin erhaltenen Komplexes (I) zum Platinacyclobutan (II) unter Eliminierung von Neopentan (IIIa) und dem Tetramethylhexan (IIIb) wird anhand NMR‐spektroskopischer und kinetischer Untersuchungen der beim Einsatz unterschiedlich deuterierter Ausgangsverbindungen erfolgenden Reaktion vorgeschlagen und diskutiert.
Construction of a molecular linkage map of pepper and a comparison of synteny with tomato (1993)

A molecular map of pepper (Capsicum sp.) totalling 720 cM has been constructed in an interspecific F2 cross with restriction fragment length polymorphisms and isozymes. Nineteen linkage groups were formed from 192 molecular markers. Twenty-six markers showed no linkage to any others. Twenty-eight markers showed significant deviation from expected Mendelian ratios and clustered in the genome. Two quantitative trait loci controlling the number of flowers per node were mapped to linkage group 10. The order of markers in at least 228 cM (31.7%) of the pepper genome is conserved with respect to the tomato genome, with a minimum of 15 chromosome breakage events postulated to have occurred since their divergence from a common ancestor. Comparisons of meiotic recombination in 14 conserved intervals indicates that tomato has a higher rate of recombination than does pepper in the crosses studied. Evidence suggests that centric fusions and resulting chromosome breakage events are mechanisms for genome evolution in the Solanaceae.
Figure S2 from MEK plus PI3K/mTORC1/2 Therapeutic Efficacy Is Impacted by <i>TP53</i> Mutation in Preclinical Models of Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2. Immunohistochemistry of p53 in tumors from CRC patients treated with MEK- plus PI3K-inhibitors&lt;/p&gt;
SU‐D‐201‐03: Imaging Cellular Pharmacokinetics of 18F‐FDG in Inflammatory/Stem Cells (2015)

Purpose: Atherosclerosis is a progressive inflammatory condition that underlies coronary artery disease (CAD)—the leading cause of death in the USA. Thus, understating the metabolism of inflammatory cells can be a valuable tool for investigating CAD. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to successfully investigate the pharmacokinetics of [18F]fluoro‐deoxyglucose (18F‐FDG) uptake in a single macrophages and compared with induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) with a novel imaging technique, radioluminescence microscopy, initially developed for cancer imaging. Methods: Live cells were cultured sparsely on Matrigel in a glass‐bottom dish and starved for 1 hour before incubation with 250 microCi of 18F‐FDG for 45 minutes. Excess radiotracer was removed using DMEM medium without glucose. Before imaging, DMEM (1 mL) was added to the cell culture and a 100 microm‐thin CdWO4 scintillator plate was placed on top of the cells. Light produced following beta decay was imaged with a highly sensitive inverted microscope (LV200, Olympus) fitted with a 40x/1.3 high‐NA oil objective, and an EM‐CCD camera. The images were collected over 18,000 frames with 4×4 binning (1200 MHz EM Gain, 300ms exposure). Custom‐written software was developed in MATLAB for image processing (Figure 1). For statistical analysis 10 different region‐of‐interests (ROIs) were selected for each cell type. Results: Figures 2A–2B show bright‐field/fusion images for all three different cell types. The relationship between cell‐to‐cell comparisons was found to be linear for macrophages unlike iPSCs and MSCs, which were best fitted with moving or rolling average (Figure 2C). The average observed decay of 18F‐FDG in a single cell of MSCs per second (0.067) was 20% and 36% higher compared to iPSCs (0.054) and macrophages (0.043), respectively (Figure 2D). Conclusion: MSCs was found to be 2–3x more sensitive to glucose molecule despite constant parameters for each cell type examined.
Investigating γ-secretase protein interactions in live cells using active site-directed clickable dual-photoaffinity probes (2013)

Clickable γ-secretase active site-directed dual-photoaffinity probes specifically label components of the γ-secretase complex and form crosslinks between PS1-NTF and PS1-CTF.
Jamming Resistant Receivers for Massive MIMO (2017)

We design jamming resistant receivers to enhance the robustness of a massive MIMO uplink channel against jamming. In the pilot phase, we estimate not only the desired channel, but also the jamming channel by exploiting purposely unused pilot sequences. The jamming channel estimate is used to construct the linear receive filter to reduce impact that jamming has on the achievable rates. The performance of the proposed scheme is analytically and numerically evaluated. These results show that the proposed scheme greatly improves the rates, as compared to conventional receivers. Moreover, the proposed schemes still work well with stronger jamming power.
Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ capacitors' dielectric material for giga-bit DRAMs (2002)

We fabricated 256-Mbit DRAM cells using a 0.5 /spl mu/m high CROWN capacitor with crystallized Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ dielectric film. We confirmed that the crystallized Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ (3.3 nm of SiO/sub 2/-equivalent thickness) was very stable in the conventional metallization process. The key issues for manufacturing were to eliminate the hydrocarbon contaminants during high temperature O/sub 2/ annealing. Our preliminary investigation of Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ metal-insulator-metal (MIM) capacitors suggested that it is possible to fabricate 1-Gbit DRAM cells using the amorphous Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/ MIM capacitor with a CROWN structure.
Control of surface micro−structure for Al alloy/polymer joining fabricated by laser process using Al−Ti−C powders: Effect of powder composition. (2021)

Surface micro−structure for joining with thermoplastic parts was additively manufactured on an aluminum alloy (A5052) substrate by laser scanning on Al−Ti−C powder mixtures. The micro−structure consisted of particle−shaped protrusions with a few hundred micrometers. The effect of C content in Al−Ti−C powder mixtures on the micro−structure and constituent phases was investigated. The fraction of particle−shaped protrusion reached maximum when the C/Ti molar ratio was 0.8. Adhesiveness between the particle−shaped protrusions and A5052 substrate decreased drastically when the C/Ti molar ratio increased from 0.6 to 0.8. Changes in these structural factors were related to the formation of TiC and Al3Ti phases after the laser−irradiations. The A5052 substrate was joined with Polyamide−6 sheets via the micro−structure by hot−pressing. When the C/Ti molar ratio was 0.6, the joint strength reached maximum since both the fraction of particle−shaped protrusions and adhesiveness between particle−shaped protrusions and A5052 substrate were high. The constitute phases (TiC and Al3Ti phases) in the micro−structures were assessed by Scheil simulation for Al−Ti−C system to calculate the component partitioning and solidification path during solidification. These results were used to discuss the relation between the surface micro−structure and powder compositions.