gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous Vehicles Sensor Needs (2018)

Fully Autonomous vehicles are becoming a reality, with many major players having development trials on actual streets. Yet, we have seen that in spite of the large investments, these systems today are still not superseding human driver limited safe driving capability - even with human supervision. There are also multiple other applications of such technologies, that are not about driving on streets, for industrial, infrastructure, home and health applications, where “robotic moving vehicles” have similar sensing and behavior needs. This presentation highlights the motivations behind the journey from advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to full autonomy of vehicles and what are the key driver sensing skills and behaviors that need to be replaced to complete a safe trip. The human drivers carry many “learnings” about the scenes and behaviors they observe from other drivers or pedestrians and this learning to a great extent can compensate for some inaccuracy of sensing by use of anticipation of behavior. The sensing in autonomous cars also has the burden of ensuring “sound” actions with a limited depth of learning, and hence multiple sensing of 3D surround scenes is essential for this robustness. Redundancy in such systems is also essential to ensure self-checking, and graceful exit when partial sensor failure happens. Active and passive sensing with propagating waves, be it optical, mmWave or ultrasonic are key elements for surround sensing. Other sensing modalities to predict automobile behavior, orientation, inclination, inertia and road surface are all essential for decision making. Moreover, without any driver, which is an ultimate goal of AV, the vehicle needs to interact with passengers or other “cargo” which opens another set of sensing needs to ensure their safety and desires. The presentation tries to highlight the key requirements of such sensing modalities, the key gaps that exist today in the capability of each sensing technology, and directions of where research in sensors can help to enable fully safe autonomy. Finally, while robust multi-modal sensing systems are essential, they are not sufficient for the success of such complex systems. The fusion of information of the sensing data, the continuous learning needed for every type of autonomous system, and the communication are all elements of such a robotic vehicle and play a major role in reaching the robustness, sound decisions and accuracies needed. It is becoming evident, that such a need will help drive semiconductor industry for years to come with all the demands and value it creates and hence, the role of research in closing the need gaps is essential for such growth.
About the performances of the Advanced Encryption Standard in embedded systems with cache memory (2003)

Modem networked embedded systems represent a growing market segment in which security is becoming an essential requirement. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) specification is becoming the default choice for such type of systems; however, a proper software implementation of AES is of fundamental importance in order to achieve significant performance. Current implementations presented in the literature differ in terms of the amount of look-up tables used for precomputing the functions of the encryption/decryption phase. This raises some questions regarding which AES implementation is optimal for a specific system configuration that, up to now, has been only empirically solved. In this work, we present an analytical model to study and evaluate the performance of the possible AES implementations in the early phases of system development. We then show that the proposed high-level timing model captures, with significant accuracy, the actual performance of current AES applications and thus it can be used for the early evaluation of optimal AES implementations and to support the design space exploration phase. Validating experiments have been carried out on the Lx architecture, a scalable and customizable VLIW architecture developed by STMicroelectronics and HP Labs. Some final considerations are eventually reported about the relevant characteristics of the analyzed implementations and the role of the cache memory.
Electrohysterographic volume conductor modeling (2009)

Nucleolar fusion and nucleolus formation occurred simultaneously, immediately after mitosis, in cultured human lymphocytes. Evidence is presented that in late telophase and post-telophase, the individual nucleolar organising site includes two components, represented in post-telophase by the nucleolus and its attached process; that fusion can be either directly between the nucleoli or via the processes; and that the latter type of fusion persists into metaphase as acrocentric associations, whilst the former is lost.
Efficient moment-based timing analysis for variable accuracy switch level simulation (1991)

We describe a timing analysis algorithm which can achieve the efficiency of RC tree analysis while retaining much of the generality of Asymptotic Waveform Estimation. RC tree analysis from switch level simulation is generalized to handle piecewise linear transistor models, non tree topologies, floating capacitors, and feedback. For simple switch level models the complexity is O(n). The algorithm allows the user to trade off efficiency vs accuracy through the selection of transistor models of varying complexity.
Comparison of BinaxNOW and SARS-CoV-2 qRT-PCR Detection of the Omicron Variant from Matched Anterior Nares Swabs (2022)

The COVID-19 pandemic has increased use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). In winter 2021 to 2022, the Omicron variant surge made it apparent that although RDTs are less sensitive than quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR), the accessibility, ease of use, and rapid readouts made them a sought after and often sold-out item at local suppliers. Here, we sought to qualify the Abbott BinaxNOW RDT for use in our university testing program as a method to rule in positive or rule out negative individuals quickly at our priority qRT-PCR testing site. To perform this qualification study, we collected additional swabs from individuals attending this site. All swabs were tested using BinaxNOW. Initially as part of a feasibility study, test period 1 (<i>n</i> = 110) samples were stored cold before testing. In test period 2 (<i>n</i> = 209), samples were tested immediately. Combined, 102/319 samples tested severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive via qRT-PCR. All sequenced samples were Omicron (<i>n</i> = 92). We calculated 53.9% sensitivity, 100% specificity, a 100% positive predictive value, and an 82.2% negative predictive value for BinaxNOW (<i>n</i> = 319). Sensitivity would be improved (75.3%) by changing the qRT-PCR positivity threshold from a threshold cycle (<i>C<sub>T</sub></i>) value of 40 to a <i>C<sub>T</sub></i> value of 30. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve shows that for qRT-PCR-positive <i>C<sub>T</sub></i> values of between 24 and 40, the BinaxNOW test is of limited value diagnostically. Results suggest BinaxNOW could be used in our setting to confirm SARS-CoV-2 infection in individuals with substantial viral load, but a significant fraction of infected individuals would be missed if we used RDTs exclusively to rule out infection. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> Our results suggest BinaxNOW can rule in SARS-CoV-2 infection but would miss infections if RDTs were exclusively used.
Large-Scale Field Test of Forward Collision Alert and Lane Departure Warning Systems (2016)

This report covers a field study on an innovative large-scale data collection technique used to gather information about how crash avoidance systems operate in the field and how drivers respond to them. Although the specific systems studied were the General Motors (GM) camera-based forward collision alert (FCA) and lane departure warning (LDW) systems, this technique could be readily applied to other emerging active safety (crash avoidance) systems and used to better inform emerging active safety consumer metrics. It should be noted that both the FCA and LDW systems evaluated have consistently met the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s Crash Avoidance New Car Assessment Program (CA NCAP) performance criteria since this program was initiated. The study team found that this data collection technique has several distinct strengths, including cost, sample size, drivers using their own vehicles where they can turn systems off, ability to look at long-term effects, data efficiency, and the ability to acquire “rapid-turnaround” large-scale results, and that this new data collection technique is ideally suited for understanding the safety impacts of crash avoidance systems.
Femtosecond Heterodyne-Detected Four-Wave-Mixing Studies of Deterministic Protein Motions. 1. Theory and Experimental Technique of Diffractive Optics-Based Spectroscopy (1999)

Analytic relations are developed to describe the coupling between experimentally observed optically heterodyne-detected (OHD) transient grating (TG) signals and the underlying molecular dynamics of heme proteins. The heterodyne detection was implemented using a diffractive optical element to generate the phase-matched beam pattern along with a reference beam for OHD. The phase stability between the reference and signal fields using this approach is shown to be excellent over several hours of signal collection. Under small signal conditions this leads to an enhancement in signal-to-noise of several orders of magnitude. The grating excitation provides an inherent acoustic reference that can be used to determine the absolute signal phase. This enables separation of the real and imaginary components to the nonlinear susceptibility as well as determination of both the absorption anisotropy and its real counterpart, the phase anisotropy. The relationship between the phase anisotropy and the observed OHD TG signals is expressed in terms of the complex molecular polarizability specific to heme proteins but can be readily extended to all other systems. Access to the material anisotropy provides a direct probe of mode selective coupling in proteins, i.e., the nonuniform displacements determined by the underlying asymmetric protein structure.
Modeling of a Von Platen-Munters diffusion absorption refrigeration cycle (2016)

This article presents a thermodynamical model of a Von-Platen diffusion absorption refrigeration cycle for power electronics applications. It is first validated by comparison with data available in the literature for the classical water-ammonia-helium cycle for commercial absorption fridges. Then new operating conditions corresponding to specific ABB applications, namely high ambient temperature and new organic fluids combinations compatible with aluminium are simulated and discussed. The target application is to cool power electronics converters in harsh environments with high ambient temperature by providing refrigeration without compressor, for passive components losses of about 500 W, with a compact and low cost solution.
Estimates of isogravimetric capillary pressures during alveolar hypoxia (1981)

Isogravimetric capillary pressures (Pci) and pre-(Ra) and postcapillary (Rv) pulmonary vascular resistances were estimated in isolated dog lungs when ventilated with 95% O2-5% CO2 and during alveolar hypoxia, which was simulated by ventilation with a 95% N2-5% CO2 gas mixture. In addition, the filtration coefficient (KF,C) was measured during alveolar hypoxia and compared with prehypoxic measurements. When both arterial and venous pressures were maintained constant during the alveolar hypoxia, Pci decreased from 8 to 6.9 mmHg, and total pulmonary vascular resistance increased from 0.040 to 0.083 (cmH2O . ml-1 . min . 100 g lung). Ra increased significantly from 0.027 to 0.067, and Rv remained unchanged, averaging 0.013 and 0.015 for control and hypoxic conditions, respectively. The changes in vascular resistance observed in alveolar hypoxia appear to be confined to blood vessels that are probably located in larger preseptal blood vessels. KF,C increased significantly from 0.092 to 0.179 ml . min-1 . cmH2O-1 . 100 g lung-1 during hypoxia. Either the surface area available for fluid exchange or the vascular permeability increases with alveolar hypoxia in the isolated dog lung. Inasmuch as vascular pressures were maintained constant in the present study, then the increase in KF,C with alveolar hypoxia is probably associated with changes in vascular permeability rather than an increased surface area of the fluid exchange vessels.
Spatially‐resolved proteomic mapping of living cells via peroxidase‐mediated promiscuous biotinylation (473.2) (2014)

Microscopy and mass spectrometry (MS)‐based proteomics are complementary techniques: the former provides spatiotemporal information in living cells, but only for a handful of recombinant proteins at a time, while the latter can detect thousands of endogenous proteins simultaneously, but only in lysed samples. In this talk, I will describe a new technology that combines the strengths of microscopy and MS by generating spatially and temporally‐resolved proteomic maps of endogenous proteins within living cells. The method relies on a genetically targetable peroxidase enzyme that biotinylates nearby proteins, which are subsequently identified by MS. We used this approach to identify 495 proteins within the human mitochondrial matrix and 145 proteins within the mitochondrial intermembrane space (IMS), including 50 proteins that have never before been assigned to mitochondria. The labeling was exceptionally specific, able to distinguish between inner membrane proteins facing the matrix versus the IMS. Our catalog also revised the sub‐mitochondrial localizations for several well‐studied proteins, with the new assignments confirmed by electron microscopy.
Trabecular bone anisotropy imaging with a compact laser-undulator synchrotron x-ray source (2017)

Conventional x-ray radiography is a well-established standard in diagnostic imaging of human bones. It reveals typical bony anatomy with a strong surrounding cortical bone and trabecular structure of the inner part. However, due to limited spatial resolution, x-ray radiography cannot provide information on the microstructure of the trabecular bone. Thus, microfractures without dislocation are often missed in initial radiographs, resulting in a lack or delay of adequate therapy. Here we show that x-ray vector radiography (XVR) can overcome this limitation and allows for a deeper insight into the microstructure with a radiation exposure comparable to standard radiography. XVR senses x-ray ultrasmall-angle scattering in addition to the attenuation contrast and thereby reveals the mean scattering strength, its degree of anisotropy and the orientation of scattering structures. Corresponding to the structural characteristics of bones, there is a homogenous mean scattering signal of the trabecular bone but the degree of anisotropy is strongly affected by variations in the trabecular structure providing more detailed information on the bone microstructure. The measurements were performed at the Munich Compact Light Source, a novel type of x-ray source based on inverse Compton scattering. This laboratory-sized source produces highly brilliant quasi-monochromatic x-rays with a tunable energy.
Picosecond imaging of low-density plasmas by electron deflectometry (2009)

We have imaged optical-field ionized plasmas with electron densities as low as 1013 cm−3 on a picosecond timescale using ultrashort electron pulses. Electric fields generated by the separation of charges are imprinted on a 20 keV probe electron pulse and reveal a cloud of electrons expanding away from a positively charged plasma core. Our method allows for a direct measurement of the electron energy required to escape the plasma and the total charge. Simulations reproduce the main features of the experiment and allow determination of the energy of the electrons.
EUV patterned templates with grapho-epitaxy DSA at the N5/N7 logic nodes (2016)

In this paper, approaches are explored for combining EUV with DSA for via layer patterning at the N7 and N5 logic nodes. Simulations indicate opportunity for significant LCDU improvement at the N7 node without impacting the required exposure dose. A templated DSA process based on NXE:3300 exposed EUV pre-patterns has been developed and supports the simulations. The main point of improvement concerns pattern placement accuracy with this process. It is described how metrology contributes to the measured placement error numbers. Further optimization of metrology methods for determining local placement errors is required. Next, also via layer patterning at the N5 logic node is considered. On top of LCDU improvement, the combination of EUV with DSA also allows for maintaining a single mask solution at this technology node, due to the ability of the DSA process to repair merging vias. It is experimentally shown, how shaping of templates for such via multiplication helps in placement accuracy control. Peanut-shaped pre-patterns, which can be printed using EUV lithography, give significantly better placement accuracy control compared to elliptical pre-patterns.
[Pituitary pathology and MEN 1]. (2000)

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterized by neoplasia of the parathyroid glands, the endocrine pancreas and the anterior pituitary gland. Recently the identification on chromosome 11 (locus q13) of the gene responsible for MEN 1 has allowed direct genetic diagnosis of MEN 1-affected family members. To date almost 300 families have been described and genetically characterized. The genetic etiology of most pituitary tumours remains unknown. Pituitary adenomas can develop sporadically or as a part of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. In this review, the recently published data on the pathology of the MEN 1 syndrome will be summarized. The clinical, morphological and genetic aspects of sporadic and MEN 1-associated pituitary adenomas will be outlined.
Supplementary Figures 1-5 from Single-Strand DNA-Binding Protein SSB1 Facilitates TERT Recruitment to Telomeres and Maintains Telomere G-Overhangs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures 1-5. Supplementary Fig. 1. Analysis of single-strand G-overhang by native and denatured DNA gel electrophoresis. Supplementary Fig. 2. Telomere FISH analysis of chromosomal aberrations induced by Ssb1 depletion in mouse and human cells at metaphase. Supplementary Fig. 3. Analysis of hTERT and hSsb1 co-dependent association with telomeres by ChIP. Supplementary Fig. 4. Analysis of hSsb1 interaction with TRF1 and TRF2 by co-immunoprecipitation and ChIP analysis of their influence on hSsb1 recruitment to telomeres. Supplementary Fig. 5. Measurement of in vitro telomerase activity (TRAP assay) in control and hSsb1 depleted cells.&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient FPGAs using nanoelectromechanical relays (2010)

Nanoelectromechanical (NEM) relays are promising candidates for programmable routing in Field-Programmable-Gate Arrays (FPGAs). This is due to their zero leakage and potentially low on-resistance. Moreover, NEM relays can be fabricated using a low-temperature process and, hence, may be monolithically integrated on top of CMOS circuits. Hysteresis characteristics of NEM relays can be utilized for designing programmable routing switches in FPGAs without requiring corresponding routing SRAM cells. Our simulation results demonstrate that the use of NEM relays for programmable routing in FPGAs can simultaneously provide 43.6% footprint area reduction, 37% leakage power reduction, and up to 28% critical path delay reduction compared to traditional SRAM-based CMOS FPGAs at the 22nm technology node.
A Primer on 3GPP Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) (2016)

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a new cellular technology introduced in 3GPP Release 13 for providing wide-area coverage for the Internet of Things (IoT). This article provides an overview of the air interface of NB-IoT. We describe how NB-IoT addresses key IoT requirements such as deployment flexibility, low device complexity, long battery life time, support of massive number of devices in a cell, and significant coverage extension beyond existing cellular technologies. We also share the various design rationales during the standardization of NB-IoT in Release 13 and point out several open areas for future evolution of NB-IoT.
Development of a Robot for Evaluating Tennis Rackets (2001)

The development and simulation of robots that have athletic skill close to human beings is very much useful for testing and developing sport goods. This paper discusses the development and simulation of a tennis robot. The developed tennis robot has two joints controlled by a servolike human muscle, and its characteristics are satisfying and similar to a human. The simulation for the whole system including racket, ball and tennis robot is set up. The simulation results agree well with experimental results.
Correlation between transverse plan kinematics and foot progression angle in children with spastic diplegia (2016)

In diplegic patients, the orientation of foot progression depends on multiple factors. We investigated the relationship between foot progression alignment, hip and pelvic rotations during gait, femoral anteversion, and tibial torsion. Kinematic and clinical parameters were evaluated for 114 children who walked independently and had not undergone previous surgery. Causes of intoeing presented combined in 72% of cases. Internal foot progression correlated with internal hip rotation and showed an inverse correlation with tibial torsion. Our results indicate that data from clinical examination and gait analysis should be evaluated carefully before making treatment recommendations, especially in terms of the correction of torsional problems, in patients with cerebral palsy.
Mechanical and morphological investigations of reactive polysulfone toughened epoxy networks (1995)

Abstract The diglycidyl ether of bisphenol‐A (DGEBA) epoxy resin was toughened by aminophenyl functional reactive polyethersulfones (R‐PES) or by t‐butyl terminated non‐reactive polyethersulfones (T‐PES). The molecular weights of PES were controlled to afford 5,000 to 20,000 g/mole and loadings were also varied from 5 to 30 wt.%. Epoxy networks cured with 4, 4'‐diaminodiphenylsulfone (DDS) were subjected to Tg determinations, plane strain fracture toughness (K 1C ) measurements, chemical resistance tests and morphological studies by SEM. Very significantly improved K 1C fracture toughness was obtained with reactive PES toughening without loss of chemical resistance, while non‐reactive PES blended epoxy resins exhibited only slightly improved fracture toughness but poor chemical resistance. It was possible to load up to 30 wt.% of PES without utilizing solvent and the maximum K 1C fracture toughness with R‐PES was around 2.2 MPa‐m 0.5, which was equivalent to the neat thermoplastic resin. Ductile fracture of the PES phase is suggested as a major toughening mechanism and this is highly dependent of the excellent adhesion developed between the PES and epoxy phases due to the chemical bonds. The systems demonstrated that chemical resistance of thermosets can be combined with the tough characteristics of thermoplastics.