gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) ligands reverse CTL suppression by alternatively activated (M2) macrophages in cancer (2006)

Tumors may escape from immune control by the induction of CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) myeloid suppressor cells in the spleen. In this study, we demonstrate that this cell population can be subdivided into a CD11b(hi)Gr-1(int)SSC(lo)Ly6G(neg)M-CSFR(int) immature monocytic fraction and a CD11b(hi+)Gr-1(hi)SSC(hi)Ly6G(hi)M-CSFR(neg) granulocytic fraction. Upon in vitro culture, the monocytic CD11b(+)Gr-1(+) cell fraction is sufficient for cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) suppression, which is linked to the gradual differentiation of these monocytic cells into mature F4/80(+) CD68(+) macrophages. These CTL-suppressive macrophages are alternatively activated (M2), as demonstrated by the expression of known and novel M2 signature genes. In search of M2-associated genes involved in the suppressive activity, it is shown that stimulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) and inhibition of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) activity cooperate to alleviate CTL suppression. Of importance, purified tumor-associated macrophages display a similar M2 phenotype and are suppressive for antitumor CTLs, via a mechanism that can be almost completely reversed by PPARgamma ligands. Overall, our data identify PLA(2) and especially PPARgamma as new potential therapeutic targets to subvert macrophage-mediated CTL suppression in cancer.
Improvement of spectral and axial resolutions in modified coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) imaging system (2017)

Coded aperture correlation holography (COACH) is a recently developed incoherent digital holographic technique. In COACH, two holograms are recorded: the object hologram for the object under study and another hologram for a point object called PSF hologram. The holograms are recorded by interfering two beams, both diffracted from the same object point, but only one of them passes through a random-like coded phase mask (CPM). The same CPM is used for recording the object as well as the PSF holograms. The image is reconstructed by correlating the object hologram with a processed version of the PSF hologram. The COACH holographic technique exhibits the same transverse and axial resolution of the regular imaging, but with the unique capability of storing 3D information. The basic COACH configuration consists of a single spatial light modulator (SLM) used for displaying the CPM. In this study, the basic COACH configuration has been advanced by employing two spatial light modulators (SLMs) in the setup. The refractive lens used in the basic COACH setup for collecting and collimating the light diffracted by the object is replaced by an SLM on which an equivalent diffractive lens is displayed. Unlike a refractive lens, the diffractive lens displayed on the first SLM focuses light with different wavelengths to different axial planes, which are separated by distances larger than the axial correlation lengths of the CPM for any visible wavelength. This characteristic extends the boundaries of COACH from three-dimensional to four-dimensional imaging with the wavelength as its fourth dimension.
Vectorial probing of electric and magnetic transitions in variable optical environments and vice-versa (2022)

We use europium doped single crystalline NaYF<sub>4</sub>nanorods for probing the electric and magnetic contributions to the local density of optical states (LDOS). Reciprocically, we determine intrinsic properties of the emitters (oscillator strength, quantum yield) by comparing their measured and simulated optical responses in front of a mirror. We first experimentally determine the specifications of the nanoprobe (orientation and oscillator strength of the electric and magnetic dipoles moments) and show significant orientation sensitivity of the branching ratios associated with electric and magnetic transitions. In a second part, we measure the modification of the LDOS in front of a gold mirror in a Drexhage's experiment. We discuss the role of the electric and magnetic LDOS on the basis of numerical simulations, taking into account the orientation of the dipolar emitters. We demonstrate that they behave like degenerated dipoles sensitive to polarized partial LDOS.
FOXO1/3 and PTEN Depletion in Granulosa Cells Promotes Ovarian Granulosa Cell Tumor Development (2015)

The forkhead box (FOX), FOXO1 and FOXO3, transcription factors regulate multiple functions in mammalian cells. Selective inactivation of the Foxo1 and Foxo3 genes in murine ovarian granulosa cells severely impairs follicular development and apoptosis causing infertility, and as shown here, granulosa cell tumor (GCT) formation. Coordinate depletion of the tumor suppressor Pten gene in the Foxo1/3 strain enhanced the penetrance and onset of GCT formation. Immunostaining and Western blot analyses confirmed FOXO1 and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) depletion, maintenance of globin transcription factor (GATA) 4 and nuclear localization of FOXL2 and phosphorylated small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 in the tumor cells, recapitulating results we observed in human adult GCTs. Microarray and quantitative PCR analyses of mouse GCTs further confirmed expression of specific genes (Foxl2, Gata4, and Wnt4) controlling granulosa cell fate specification and proliferation, whereas others (Emx2, Nr0b1, Rspo1, and Wt1) were suppressed. Key genes (Amh, Bmp2, and Fshr) controlling follicle growth, apoptosis, and differentiation were also suppressed. Inhbb and Grem1 were selectively elevated, whereas reduction of Inha provided additional evidence that activin signaling and small mothers against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2/3 phosphorylation impact GCT formation. Unexpectedly, markers of Sertoli/epithelial cells (SRY [sex determining region Y]-box 9/keratin 8) and alternatively activated macrophages (chitinase 3-like 3) were elevated in discrete subpopulations within the mouse GCTs, indicating that Foxo1/3/Pten depletion not only leads to GCTs but also to altered granulosa cell fate decisions and immune responses. Thus, analyses of the Foxo1/3/Pten mouse GCTs and human adult GCTs provide strong evidence that impaired functions of the FOXO1/3/PTEN pathways lead to dramatic changes in the molecular program within granulosa cells, chronic activin signaling in the presence of FOXL2 and GATA4, and tumor formation.
Novel preparation of Pd/Vycor composite membranes (1995)

Pd/Vycor® composite membranes were prepared using electroless plating from both typical hydrazine-based and formaldehyde modified baths. The electroless palladium film obtained from the modified bath has a higher luster, smaller grain size, and is denser than the typical bath. Using a new preparation technique which combines electroless plating and osmosis, the microstructure of the palladium film can be manipulated to yield both porous and dense films without altering the chemistry of the plating bath.
Inflammatory bowel disease in the setting of autoimmune pancreatitis (2009)

Almost 6% of patients with proven AIP had a diagnosis of IBD, compared to a prevalence of approximately 0.4%-0.5% in the general population, potentially implying a 12-15-fold increase in risk. Patients with both AIP and IBD may have increased extent and severity of IBD. The finding of IgG4-positive cells on colon biopsy suggests that IBD may represent an extrapancreatic manifestation of AIP.
Commensal Bacteria and Expression of Two Major Intestinal Chemokines, TECK/CCL25 and MEC/CCL28, and Their Receptors (2007)

Taken together, the results highlight the key role of bacterial microflora in the development of a functional intestinal immune system in an elegant and relevant model for human immune system development.
The Subcellular Localization of DNA Components from Cyanophora paradoxa, a Flagellate Containing Endosymbiotic Cyanelles (1982)

Cyanophora paradoxa, a unicellular flagellate, contains cyanelles which are supposed to be cyanobacterial origin. DNA was isolated from subcellular fractions and separated according to density components in CsC1 density gradients. The main DNA component, comprising more than 90% of the total DNA, has a buoyant density of 1.724 g X cm-3. Several subsfractions in the range from 1.718 g X cm-3 to 1.735 g X cm-3 are contained in this component. This DNA of high complexity was considered to be host nuclear DNA. The DNA from the endosymbiotic cyanelles, which were isolated, treated with DNase, and purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation exhibited a buoyant density of 1.692 g X cm-3 in one strain and 1.695 g X cm-3 in a second strain. Both cyanelle DNAs (cyDNA) have a complexity of approximately 126 X 10(3) base pairs and comprise about 5% of the total cellular DNA content. Two additional DNA components of low complexity were isolated from crude cyanelle pellets obtained without DNase treatment. The larger of these, approximately 48 X 10(3) base pairs in size, had a density of approximately 1.688 g X cm-3. The second component, about 15 X 10(3) base pairs in size, banded in the density range between 1.710 g X cm-3 and 1.720 g X cm-3. The latter is associated with nuclear DNA. The 48 X 10(3)-base-pair component was located in the cytosol and could be obtained after CsC1/ethidium bromide density gradient centrifugation at the position of covalently closed circular DNA. Both these components amounted to approximately 0.5-1% of total DNA. A further DNA component with a complexity of more than 150 X 10(3) base pairs, enriched in fractions where mitochondria are expected, was not characterized further. The density was intermediate between cyDNA and nuclear DNA (1.710-1.720 g X cm-3) and it amounted to 1-2% of the total DNA. Our results indicate that the DNA from cyanelles, believed to be endosymbiotic cyanobacteria, is not more complex than higher plant chloroplast DNAs.
αvβ3 Integrin Mediates Radioresistance of Prostate Cancer Cells through Regulation of Survivin (2018)

The α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin is involved in various physiologic and pathologic processes such as wound healing, angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. The impact of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin on the radiosensitivity of prostate cancer cells and the molecular mechanism controlling cell survival in response to ionizing radiation (IR) was investigated. Both LNCaP cells stably transfected with α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin and PC-3 cells that contain endogenous β<sub>3</sub> integrin were used. This study demonstrated that α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin increases survival of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-LNCaP cells upon IR while small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated knockdown of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin in PC-3 cells sensitizes to radiation. Expression of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin in LNCaP cells also enhances anchorage-independent cell growth while knockdown of α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin in PC-3 cells inhibits anchorage-independent cell growth. The α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> antagonist, cRGD, significantly increases radiosensitivity in both α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub>-LNCaP and PC-3 cells. Moreover, α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin prevents radiation-induced downregulation of survivin. Inhibition of survivin expression by siRNA or shRNA enhances IR-induced inhibition of anchorage-independent cell growth. Overexpression of wild-type survivin in PC-3 cells treated with α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin shRNA increases survival of cells upon IR. These findings reveal that α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin promotes radioresistance and regulates survivin levels in response to IR. IMPLICATIONS: Future translational research on targeting α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> integrin and survivin may reveal novel approaches as an adjunct to radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer.
Analysis of in situ Inflammation of Allogeneic Canine Kidney Grafts under Antilymphocyte Globulin Treatment (1984)

15 mongrel dogs receiving allografts were treated with antilymphocyte globulin (ALG; 20 mg/kg b.w. daily). The kinetics and distribution of inflammatory cells invading the transplant were analyzed by transplant aspiration cytology. Only transplant aspiration cytology enables one to observe the direct influence of ALG within the grafts themselves. Although a low-potency ALG was used, ALG-treated animals showed a significant long-term suppression of the in situ inflammation of lymphocytes (p less than 0.05) and lymphoblasts (p less than 0.05) during the entire experimental period. Other leucocyte populations were influenced to a lesser degree. This in situ reduction combined with a significant prolongation of graft function (p less than 0.001) establishes the beneficial effect of ALG in suppressing cell-mediated immune responses in renal allografts.
<title>Reversible sensor for carbon monoxide based on dye-doped porous fiber optic fiber</title> (1993)

A completely reversible fiber optic chemical sensor (FOCS) for carbon monoxide (CO) has been recently developed at Physical Optics Corporation (POC). The sensor, consisting of an organometallic complex adsorbed in a short segment of porous optical fiber, demonstrated spectroscopic changes upon exposure to CO. The sensor exhibits a strong absorption peak centered at 435 nm that disappears upon exposure to CO. The absorption peak reappears as the ambient CO partial pressure is reduced. This paper reports the results from testing a FOCS for CO based on the optical transmission at this absorption peak.
Empirical evaluation of OFDM waveforms for VLC in the presence of LED nonlinearities (2021)

Visible Light Communications (VLC) rely on LED light sources to transmit information wirelessly, offering an alter-native air interface to contemporary mobile networks using Radio Frequency bands for wireless connectivity. Most commercial LEDs found in the market nowadays have been designed for illumination, showing a notable non-linear response when per-forming the Electrical-to-Optical (E/O) conversion, particularly when using deep Intensity Modulation (IM) indexes for increased useful radiated power. Several different OFDM-based waveforms, adapted to the unipolarity requirement that IM demands, have been proposed in the literature. However, the performance of most of these Optical OFDM waveforms is seriously affected by the non-linear magnitude distortion of the low-cost white LEDs, particularly when the Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) is high. To tackle this issue, this paper analyzes the performance of Constant-Envelope (CE) OFDM, a waveform that modulates the phase of an Intermediate Frequency (IF) carrier with a real-valued OFDM signal before its E/O conversion. The Bit Error Rate of CE-OFDM is compared to the one of DC-biased Optical OFDM and passband OFDM using a software-defined VLC demonstrator. CE-OFDM allows the VLC system to work in energy-efficient regimes, thanks to its robustness to the non-linear magnitude distortion introduced by the LED.
Fourth International Conference on Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy of Prostate Cancer: Overview Consensus Statement. (1999)

0 n March 29th and 30th, 1996, The First International Conference on Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy of Prostate Cancer (NHT), cochaired by Drs. William R. Fair, MD and Marc B. Garnick, MD was convened in Boston, Massachusetts. The primary impetus for the meeting came from an accumulation of published data and ongoing clinical trials in the United States, Canada, and Europe that suggested that NHT may provide benefits to a large population of patients with clinically organ-confined prostate cancer. Yet, despite this literature and experience, the 2 conference organizers were not aware of a centralized body of accessible information to critically assess the data, and provide an emerging consensus relating to the practice of NHT. The optimal patient selection criteria, NHT type, and duration of treatment, pathological criteria, analysis of study design, molecular biological correlates of NHT response, and other issues had not been reviewed, discussed, and debated openly in an appropriate forum. Thus, the First International Conference on Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy for Prostate Cancer was born. The attendees included international experts representing urology, medical oncology, radiation oncology, tumor biology, molecular biology, radiology, pathology, endocrinology, regulatory science, governmental biomedical research, biostatistics, and patient advocacy. Participants were invited based upon their acknowledged contributions to either clinical or basic understanding of prostate cancer management and biology. Each session, consisting of approximately 40 minutes of formal presentation,
Brightness preserving contrast enhancement in digital pathology (2011)

Majority of images in digital pathology require post acquisition adjustments to optimize brightness, contrast, and image visibility. Despite this fact much research effort has not been put in development of customized contrast enhancement techniques for this application. In this respect various contrast enhancement techniques developed for other application areas can be customized for the digital pathology. This paper proposes use of a brightness preserving contrast enhancement technique for image enhancement in digital pathology applications and compares its functional superiority over other contemporary techniques.
A probabilistic framework for automatic prostate segmentation with a statistical model of shape and appearance (2011)

Prostate volume estimation from segmented prostate contours in Trans Rectal Ultrasound (TRUS) images aids in diagnosis and treatment of prostate diseases, including prostate cancer. However, accurate, computationally efficient and automatic segmentation of the prostate in TRUS images is a challenging task owing to low Signal-To-Noise-Ratio (SNR), speckle noise, micro-calcifications and heterogeneous intensity distribution inside the prostate region. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic framework for propagation of a parametric model derived from Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of prior shape and posterior probability values to achieve the prostate segmentation. The proposed method achieves a mean Dice similarity coefficient value of 0.96±0.01, and a mean absolute distance value of 0.80±0.24 mm when validated with 24 images from 6 datasets in a leave-one-patient-out validation framework. Our proposed model is automatic, and performs accurate prostate segmentation in presence of intensity heterogeneity and imaging artifacts.
56-OR: A Long-Acting Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor Agonist Shows Weight Loss without Nausea or Vomiting (2023)

The contributions of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) to overall metabolic and weight effects of incretin therapies are unclear. Weight loss efficacy has been observed with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide, but weight loss efficacy has also been observed with GLP-1 agonism mixed with GIP antagonism. LY3537021 (LY), a selective, long-acting GIP receptor agonist, was tested in single [SAD, LY vs placebo (PBO)] and multiple ascending doses (MAD, LY vs PBO once weekly for 4 weeks) to evaluate safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics. In SAD, healthy participants (N=39) had a mean age of 43.5 yrs and mean weight of 74.4 kg. People with T2D (N=6) had a mean age of 58.5 yrs and mean weight of 75.1 kg. Median Tmax was 12 to 84 hrs post dose and mean terminal T½ was approximately 11 to 14 days. PK in people with T2D appeared comparable to healthy participants. In MAD, healthy participants (N=18) had a mean age of 38.3 yrs and mean weight of 75.4 kg. People with T2D (N=18) had a mean age of 57.1 yrs and mean weight of 74.3 kg. In healthy MAD participants at day 57, numerically greater mean weight loss was reported in those who received LY (-1.1 to -2.2 kg) versus PBO (-0.4 kg). In people with T2D, numerically greater mean weight loss was reported for those receiving LY (-1.9 to -3.1 kg) versus PBO (-0.4 kg). LY did not result in gastric emptying delay. No serious adverse events or hypoglycemia occurred. Study participants had few mild gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events. Study findings included decreased appetite (LY: n=4, PBO: n=1), abdominal pain (LY: n=1, PBO: n=0) and diarrhea (LY: n=1, PBO: n=2). No nausea or vomiting was observed. Repeated dosing of a long-acting GIP receptor agonist, once weekly for 4 weeks, induced weight loss without gastric emptying delay or nausea and vomiting. The results suggest that GIP agonism can contribute to weight loss effects seen with multi-agonist incretins such as tirzepatide. Disclosure F.K.Knop: Advisory Panel; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Consultant; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Research Support; Novo Nordisk, Zealand Pharma A/S, Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk, Sanofi, Lundbeck. S.Urva: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. M.Rettiganti: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. C.Benson: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. W.Roell: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company, Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company. K.J.Mather: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company. A.Haupt: Employee; Lilly, Stock/Shareholder; Lilly. E.J.Pratt: Employee; Eli Lilly and Company.
Combinatorial chemistry approach to development of molecular plastic solar cells (1999)

We used a combinatorial chemistry approach to develop the molecular plastic solar cells based on soluble fullerene derivatives or solubilized TCNQ molecules in combination with conjugated polymers. Profiles, formed by the diffusion of low molecular weight component in the spin-cast polymer host were used. The ratio between low molecular weight acceptor and polymer changed along the diffusion gradient direction from 100% to 0% at the distances 10-20 mm. Optical and electrophysical properties such as absorption, luminescence, short circuit current and open circuit voltage were measured using a specially designed installation with the resolution of 25 points per millimetre.
CIRiS: Compact Infrared Radiometer in Space (2016)

The Compact Infrared Radiometer in Space (CIRiS) is a thermal infrared radiometric imaging instrument under development by Ball Aerospace for a Low Earth Orbit mission on a CubeSat spacecraft. Funded by the NASA Earth Science Technology Office’s In-Space Validation of Earth Science Technology (InVEST) program, the mission objective is technology demonstration for improved on-orbit radiometric calibration. The CIRiS calibration approach uses a scene select mirror to direct three calibration views to the focal plane array and to transfer the resulting calibrated response to earth images. The views to deep space and two blackbody sources, including one at a selectable temperature, provide multiple options for calibration optimization. Two new technologies, carbon nanotube blackbody sources and microbolometer focal plane arrays with reduced pixel sizes, enable improved radiometric performance within the constrained 6U CubeSat volume. The CIRiS instrument’s modular design facilitates subsystem modifications as required by future mission requirements. CubeSat constellations of CIRiS and derivative instruments offer an affordable approach to achieving revisit times as short as one day for diverse applications including water resource and drought management, cloud, aerosol, and dust studies, and land use and vegetation monitoring. Launch is planned for 2018.