gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Security Rule Checking in IC Design (2016)

The Design Security Rule Check (DSeRC) framework is a first step toward automating the analysis of integrated circuit design vulnerabilities. By mathematically modeling vulnerabilities at each abstraction level and associating them with metrics and rules, DSeRC aims to help designers quantitatively assess potential problems early on, improving security and reducing design costs.
Low-power modular parallel photonic data links (2002)

Many of the potential applications for parallel photonic data links could benefit from a bi-directional Optoelectronic Multi-Chip Module (OEMCM), where the optical transmitter, receiver, and first-level interface electronics are combined into a single package. It would be desirable for such a module to exhibit low power consumption, have a simple electronic interface that can operate at a variety of speeds and possess a capability to use interchangeable optics for a variety of external connections. Here, we describe initial results for a parallel photonic link technology that exhibits those properties. This link uses high-efficiency, back-emitting, two-dimensional Vertical Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser (VCSEL) arrays operating at 980 nm. The lasers are matched, via integrated microlenses, to corresponding monolithically-integrated photoreceiver arrays that are constructed in a InGaAs/InP Heterojunction Bipolar Transistor (HBT) technology. In initial breadboard-level tests, the photonic data channels built with these devices have been demonstrated with direct (3.3 V) CMOS drive of the VCSELs and a corresponding CMOS interface at the photoreceiver outputs. These links have shown electrical power consumption as low as 42 mW per channel for a 50% average duty cycle while operating at 100 Mb/s.
Flow Cytometric Analysis of Micronuclei in Peripheral Blood Reticulocytes IV: An Index of Chromosomal Damage in the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatta) (2008)

We report evaluation in rhesus monkeys of a flow cytometric procedure (MicroFlow) that has previously been shown to allow assessment of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) in the peripheral blood of rats and dogs. Reticulocytes (RETs) were labeled with anti-CD71-fluorescein isothiocyanate, DNA was stained with propidium iodide using RNase treatment, and anti-CD61-phycoerythrin was used to reduce interference from platelets. Flow cytometric data were compared with microscopic scores of peripheral blood and bone marrow using standard acridine orange staining. A single iv administration of cyclophosphamide (CP, 5 mg/kg) induced an approximately 10-fold increase in blood MN-RET frequency, with the peak occurring 2 days after administration. After daily CP treatment to approximate a steady-state condition, the frequency of MN-RETs in peripheral blood was approximately 25% of that in bone marrow, indicating strong selection against MN-RETs. Nonetheless, CP-treated animals exhibited markedly elevated blood MN-RET values (2.45-3.99%, n = 3; compared to a mean baseline of 0.12%, n = 6). These measurements closely reflected the increased frequencies observed in the bone marrow compartment (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.9856, n = 6). These data suggest that MN-RET measurements in blood are suitable for assessing chemical-induced chromosomal damage and can be readily integrated into routine toxicity tests, allowing genotoxicity data to be obtained as an integral part of toxicity evaluations. Microscopy-based scoring is challenging due to the low frequency of RETs and MN-RET in monkeys, but sufficient numbers of cells are easily scored with the flow cytometric procedure.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Radiomic Profiles Predict Patient Prognosis in Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma Before Therapy (2016)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is used to diagnose and monitor brain tumors. Extracting additional information from medical imaging and relating it to a clinical variable of interest is broadly defined as radiomics. Here, multiparametric MRI radiomic profiles (RPs) of <i>de novo</i> glioblastoma (GBM) brain tumors is related with patient prognosis. Clinical imaging from 81 patients with GBM before surgery was analyzed. Four MRI contrasts were aligned, masked by margins defined by gadolinium contrast enhancement and T2/fluid attenuated inversion recovery hyperintensity, and contoured based on image intensity. These segmentations were combined for visualization and quantification by assigning a 4-digit numerical code to each voxel to indicate the segmented RP. Each RP volume was then compared with overall survival. A combined classifier was then generated on the basis of significant RPs and optimized volume thresholds. Five RPs were predictive of overall survival before therapy. Combining the RP classifiers into a single prognostic score predicted patient survival better than each alone (<i>P</i> < .005). Voxels coded with 1 RP associated with poor prognosis were pathologically confirmed to contain hypercellular tumor. This study applies radiomic profiling to <i>de novo</i> patients with GBM to determine imaging signatures associated with poor prognosis at tumor diagnosis. This tool may be useful for planning surgical resection or radiation treatment margins.
Silicon photonics and interconnects: Roadmap for implementation (2012)

Monolithic microphotonic integration in silicon CMOS, critical for performance scaling, can be achieved with Ge active devices and Si/SiON passive components. The timelines and technology transitions are described.
Experimental and Computational Insight Into Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Paracrine Signaling and Heterocellular Coupling Effects on Cardiac Contractility and Arrhythmogenicity (2017)

Collectively, this integrated experimental and computational study helps unravel relative hMSC PS and HC effects on human cardiac contractility and arrhythmogenicity, and provides novel insight into the role of exosomes in hMSC paracrine-mediated effects on contractility.
SpaceFusion (1997)

Article Free Access Share on SpaceFusion: a multi-server architecture for shared virtual environments Authors: Hiroyasu Sugano 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.View Profile , Koji Otani 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.View Profile , Haruyasu Ueda 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.View Profile , Shinichi Hiraiwa 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.View Profile , Susumu Endo 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.View Profile , Youji Kohda 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd. 1-9-3 Nakase, Mihama-ku, Chiba-shi, Chiba 261, Japan and Fujitsu Laboratories Ltd.View Profile Authors Info & Claims VRML '97: Proceedings of the second symposium on Virtual reality modeling languageFebruary 1997 Pages 51–ff.https://doi.org/10.1145/253437.253455Online:26 February 1997Publication History 8citation340DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations8Total Downloads340Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Whole genome sequencing delineates regulatory, copy number, and cryptic splice variants in early onset cardiomyopathy (2022)

Cardiomyopathy (CMP) is a heritable disorder. Over 50% of cases are gene-elusive on clinical gene panel testing. The contribution of variants in non-coding DNA elements that result in cryptic splicing and regulate gene expression has not been explored. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data in a discovery cohort of 209 pediatric CMP patients and 1953 independent replication genomes and exomes. We searched for protein-coding variants, and non-coding variants predicted to affect the function or expression of genes. Thirty-nine percent of cases harbored pathogenic coding variants in known CMP genes, and 5% harbored high-risk loss-of-function (LoF) variants in additional candidate CMP genes. Fifteen percent harbored high-risk regulatory variants in promoters and enhancers of CMP genes (odds ratio 2.25, p = 6.70 × 10<sup>-7</sup> versus controls). Genes involved in α-dystroglycan glycosylation (FKTN, DTNA) and desmosomal signaling (DSC2, DSG2) were most highly enriched for regulatory variants (odds ratio 6.7-58.1). Functional effects were confirmed in patient myocardium and reporter assays in human cardiomyocytes, and in zebrafish CRISPR knockouts. We provide strong evidence for the genomic contribution of functionally active variants in new genes and in regulatory elements of known CMP genes to early onset CMP.
Novel Synthesis and Molecular Structure of the Pyrene Isomer Dicyclohepta[cd,gh]pentalene (Azuleno[2,1,8‐ija]azulene) (1984)

The planar structure of the title compound 1 could be confirmed by X-ray structure analysis. The shortness of the central bond (1.35 Å) favors the resonance structure B; that is, 1 can be regarded as a [14]annulene perturbed by the C  C bridge.—The decisive reaction step is a novel type of Ramberg-Bäcklund analogous rearrangement.
Atom-Transfer Reactivity of Binuclear d8 Complexes (1989)

The long-lived 3(dσ*pσ) state of binuclear d8 complexes undergoes a variety of reactions. One prominent reaction, photooxidative addition of halocarbons, apparently proceeds by halogen atom transfer rather than outersphere electron transfer. Excited-state hydrogen atom transfer occurs in reactions between several binuclear d8 complexes and a number of organic and organometallic substrates. Specific results for Pt2(P2O5H2)44- and Ir2(TMB)42+ (TMB = 2,5-diisocyano-2,5-dimethylhexane) are discussed. Production of a hole in the dσ* orbital is believed to be an important factor in these photochemical atom-transfer reactions. Electrochemical generation of such a hole produces a highly reactive intermediate that can undergo atom abstraction, thereby yielding net oxidation of an organic substrate. The net reaction is electrocatalytic in metal complex.
Dispersion of carbon nanotubes in vinyl ester polymer composites (2010)

This work focused on a parametric study of dispersions of different types of carbon nanotubes in a polymer resin. Single-walled (SWNTs), double-walled (DWNTs), multi-walled (MWNTs) and XD-grade carbon nanotubes (XD-CNTs) were dispersed in vinyl ester (VE) using an ultra-sonic probe at a fixed frequency. The power, amplitude, and mixing time parameters of sonication were correlated to the electrical and mechanical properties of the composite materials in order to optimize dispersion. The quality of dispersion was quantified by Raman spectroscopy and verified through optical and scanning electron microscopy. By Raman, the CNT distribution, unroping, and damage was monitored and correlated with the composite properties for dispersion optimization. Increasing the ultrasonication energy was found to improve the distribution of all CNT materials and to decrease the size of nanotube ropes, enhancing the electrical conductivity and storage modulus. However, excessive amounts of energy were found to damage CNTs, which negatively affected the properties of the composite. Based on these results the optimum dispersion energy inputs were determined for the different composite materials. The electrical resistivity was lowered by as much as 14, 13, 13, and 11 orders of magnitude for SWNT/VE, DWNT/VE, MWNT/VE, and XD-CNT/VE respectively, compared to the neat resin. The storage modulus was also increased compared to the neat resin by 77%, 82%, 45%, 40% and 85% in SWNT, SAP-f-SWNT, DWNT, MWNT and XD-CNT/VE composites, respectively. This study provides a detailed understanding of how the properties of, nanocomposites are determined by the composite mixing parameters and the distribution, concentration, shape and size of the CNTs. Importantly, it indicates the importance of the need for dispersion metrics to correlate and understand these properties.
Halide-Free Synthesis and Tribological Performance of Oil-Miscible Ammonium and Phosphonium-Based Ionic Liquids (2015)

Due to their low vapor pressures, nonflammability, high thermal stabilities, and excellent tribological properties ionic liquids (ILs) are highly attractive lubricant base oils and additives. However, for practical applications of ILs in lubrication, two requirements are often limiting, the required miscibility with standard mineral oils (≥5 wt %) and the complete absence of corrosive halide ions in the ionic liquid. Moreover, the need for full compatibility with standard oil additives reduces the number of potential IL-based lubricant additives even further. In this contribution, an economic halide-free synthesis route to oil-miscible ionic liquids is presented, and very promising tribological properties of such ILs as base oil or additive are demonstrated. Therefore, sliding tests on bearing steel and XPS analysis of the formed surface films are shown. Corrosion test results of different bearing metals in contact with our halide-free ILs and (salt) water prove their applicability as real life lubricants. In the sustainable chemistry and engineering context, we present a halide-free design approach for ionic performance chemicals that may contribute to significant energy savings due to their enhanced lubrication properties.
Energy Efficient Analog Beamformer Design for mmWave Multicast Transmission (2019)

Millimeter wave (mmWave) communication is considered as a key enabling technology for 5G cellular networks because abundant spectrum in mmWave bands can provide multi-gigabit communication service. Analog beamforming architecture, which employs energy-efficient phase shifters (PSs) instead of energy-hungry radio frequency (RF) components, has emerged as a promising solution to overcome severe propagation loss of mmWave channels. On the other hand, multicast communication is another efficient approach to address the dramatic traffic demand by utilizing the broadcast nature of the wireless medium. This paper investigates energy efficient analog beamforming in mmWave single-group multicast communication systems. We focus on max-min fair (MMF) problem and aim to design the analog beamformer to maximize the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over all users subject to a transmit power constraint. The analog beamformer design with infinite and finite resolution PSs are both studied. While the constraints of PSs make the problem intractable, we propose an alternative low-complexity algorithm, which iteratively determines each element of analog beamformer. Furthermore, we also investigate the asymptotically optimal beamformer designs and provide asymptotic performance analysis for large-scale mmWave multicasting systems. Extensive simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed analog beamforming designs in mmWave multicast systems. Besides, numerical results also demonstrate that the asymptotic performance of the proposed scheme is close to the optimal case.
Derivative Estimation for Diagnosis (1999)

In engineering systems, diagnosis is the process of detecting anomalous system behavior and then isolating the cause for this behavior. This paper is concerned with the detection and isolation of abrupt faults through analysis of the transients that occur after the fault. We have developed a comprehensive framework for monitoring and diagnosis of dynamical systems that attempts to overcome the difficulties associated with quantitative techniques. A key step in our monitoring and diagnosis framework is the transformation of measurements into symbols that encode the trends in the measurements. That is, the symbols are the signs of the first and second time derivatives of the measurements. This paper outlines how these symbols are used in diagnosis, considers several methods for estimating the symbols from measured data, and shows the behavior of the method we have chosen to use on measurements taken with our cooling system diagnosis testbed.
ChemInform Abstract: Antagonists of the Human A2A Receptor. Part 5. Highly Bio‐Available Pyrimidine‐4‐carboxamides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Broadband Photonic Crystal Passive Filters for Monolithically Integrated InP Photonic Integrated Circuits (2006)

Two broadband, InP photonic crystal optical filters with reduced back-reflections are demonstrated: one 10µm-long low-pass with 20dB stop-band extinction; one 30µm-long, 40-nm bandwidth notch with 20dB extinction. Both could find applications as band-rejection filters in monolithic InP photonic integrated circuits.
p -Type semiconducting nickel oxide as an efficiency-enhancing anode interfacial layer in polymer bulk-heterojunction solar cells (2008)

To minimize interfacial power losses, thin (5–80 nm) layers of NiO, a p -type oxide semiconductor, are inserted between the active organic layer, poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) + [6,6]-phenyl-C 61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM), and the ITO (tin-doped indium oxide) anode of bulk-heterojunction ITO/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al solar cells. The interfacial NiO layer is deposited by pulsed laser deposition directly onto cleaned ITO, and the active layer is subsequently deposited by spin-coating. Insertion of the NiO layer affords cell power conversion efficiencies as high as 5.2% and enhances the fill factor to 69% and the open-circuit voltage ( V oc ) to 638 mV versus an ITO/P3HT:PCBM/LiF/Al control device. The value of such hole-transporting/electron-blocking interfacial layers is clearly demonstrated and should be applicable to other organic photovoltaics.
Photoprocessable Polymer Opals (2004)

Monodisperse colloids have been synthesized from the acid labile polymer poly tert-butyl-methacrylate. They can be loaded with photoacid generator and crystallized into polymer opal photonic crystals. Irradiation with UV-light followed by baking and development with aqueous base allows subsequent patterning of the opaline films. This chemical approach makes it possible to use the self-assembly of this colloids (opal formation) to form a large-scale periodic structure and to introduce optical defects with UV-lithography.
The Role of Preload and Leakage Correction in Gadolinium-Based Cerebral Blood Volume Estimation Determined by Comparison with MION as a Criterion Standard (2012)

Preload and postprocessing correction significantly reduced the variance of Gd-rCBV estimates, and bias reduction approached significance. Postprocessing correction provide significant benefit beyond preload alone.
Reliability and Bend Loss of Optical Fibers in Tight Bend Applications (2021)

Dense optical connectivity applications require optical fibers to be bent at radii as small as 2 mm. We present an updated mechanical reliability model to illustrate that reduced clad fibers will provide acceptable fatigue resistance.
Apoptosis Induced by Pseudomonas Exotoxin: A Sensitive and Rapid Marker for Gene Delivery in Vivo (1999)

The rapid progress in gene therapy has expanded our ability to alter genetic structure, necessitating the development of methods for detecting the activity of new vectors. The central concept of a reporter gene is simple: it is a defined nucleotide sequence, which when introduced into a biological system, yields a readily measurable phenotype on expression. This provides a convenient parameter that is correlated to the molecular events associated with genetic expression. In this study we demonstrate that Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE) can serve as a sensitive reporter gene to detect gene expression in single cells of mouse lung on cationic liposome delivery of PE-encoding DNA in vivo. Furthermore, we show that PE expression can be detected as early as 2 hr after systemic gene delivery in lungs of recipient mice. We compared PE with the widely used beta-galactosidase gene for this purpose. PE induces apoptosis that can be detected by TdT end labeling of DNA fragments (TUNEL assay) Since few expressed PE molecules are necessary to trigger the apoptosis cascade, the minimal amount of PE-encoding plasmid DNA needed for detection of apoptotic cells after systemic delivery was 0.1 microg per animal compared with at least 1 microg for the beta-galactosidase-encoding plasmid DNA. The maximum number of apoptotic cells detected in lungs was about 15-20 times higher than the maximum number of beta-galactosidase-positive cells. Specificity of apoptosis due to PE expression on delivery of the PE-encoding plasmid was shown by prevention of the apoptotic cascade by the caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk.
Minireview: Androgen Metabolism in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2013)

The decades-old terminology of androgen independence has been replaced in recent years with castration-resistant prostate cancer. Biological and clinical evidence have together conspired to support the use of this revised terminology by demonstrating that in the vast majority of cases tumors are neither truly depleted of androgens, nor are they free of the requirement for androgens to sustain growth and progression. Abiraterone acetate, an androgen synthesis inhibitor, and enzalutamide, a potent androgen receptor antagonist, both exploit the continued requirement for androgens. A central question, given the therapeutic gains enabled by further suppression of the androgen axis with these newer agents, is whether there may be additional clinical benefit gained by moving the goal posts of androgen suppression even further. The answer lies in part with the mechanisms utilized by tumors that enable resistance to these therapies. The aims of this review were to give a broad outline of steroidogenesis in prostate cancer and to highlight recent developments in understanding resistance to hormonal therapies.
Quality of textbooks (2012)

Textbooks are the educational input most consistently associated with gains in student learning. Particularly in developing countries, textbooks are the primary conduits for delivering content knowledge to the students and the teachers base their lesson plans on the material given in textbooks. Abstracting from the education literature, we propose that well-written textbooks exhibit the following properties: