gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of ion channel structure and function by reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (2003)

Ion channels subserve diverse cellular functions. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species modulate ion channel function by a number of mechanisms including 1) transcriptional regulation of gene expression, 2) posttranslational modifications of channel proteins, i.e. nitrosylation, nitration, and oxidation of key amino acid residues, 3) by altering the gain in other signaling pathways that may in turn lead to changes in channel activity or channel gene expression, and 4) by modulating trafficking or turnover of channel proteins, as typified by oxygen radical activation of NF-kappa B, with subsequent changes in proteasomal degradation of channel degradation. Regardless of the mechanism, as was discussed in a symposium at the 2003 Experimental Biology Meeting in San Diego, CA, changes in the cellular level of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can have profound effects on the activity of ion channels and cellular function.
Study on Antenna Mutual Coupling Suppression Using Integrated Metasurface Isolator for SAR and MIMO Applications (2018)

A metasurface based decoupling structure that is composed of a square-wave slot pattern with exaggerated corners that is implemented on a rectangular microstrip provides high-isolation between adjacent patch antennas for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO) systems. The proposed 1×2 symmetric array antenna integrated with the proposed decoupling isolation structure is designed to operate at ISM bands of X, Ku, K, and Ka. With the proposed mutual coupling suppression technique (i) the average isolation in the respective ISM bands listed above is 7 dB, 10 dB, 5 dB, and 10 dB; and (ii) edge-to-edge gap between adjacent radiation elements is reduced to 10 mm (0.28λ). The average antenna gain improvement with the metasurface isolator is 2 dBi.
Field emission of graphene and carbon nanotubes (2012)

Field emission properties of various carbon nanostructures, including carbon nanotube (CNT) films, graphene, amorphous graphene and CNT/graphene composite films are investigated and compared. The crystallinity and surface morphology both play important role in field emission of nano-carbon materials.
Preparation and characterisation of single phase (MoVW)5O14-type catalyst material (2002)

MoVW based materials are highly effective catalysts for partial oxidation reactions such as conversion of acrolein to acrylic acid. They offer a high selectivity, high yields and a good long term stability. Preceding work has identified the catalytically active phase of the MoVW catalyst and characterised it by Raman spectroscopy. The current work has been carried out to synthesise and characterise this active (MoVW)5O14 type structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Acid‐Mediated Cyclizations of SEM‐Protected Heterocyclic Anilines and Adjacent Hydroxyls of Enol‐Ethers. (2014)

Abstract Substrates (I) undergo unexpected acid mediated cyclization involving the Sem‐protecting amino group and a neighboring enol ether moiety to produce tricyclic heterocycles (II).
Altered Volatile Organic Compound Profile in Transgenic Rats Bearing A53T Mutation of Human α-Synuclein: Comparison with Dopaminergic and Serotonergic Denervation (2017)

Early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease (PD) is of great importance due its progressive phenotype. Neuroprotective drugs could potentially slow down disease progression if used at early stages. Previously, we have reported an altered content of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the breath of rats following a 50% reduction in striatal dopamine (DA) content induced by 6-hydroxydopamine. We now report on the difference in the breath-print and content of VOCs between rats with mild and severe lesions of DA neurons, serotonergic neuronal lesions, and transgenic (Tg) rats carrying the PD-producing A53T mutation of the SNCA (α-synuclein) gene. The Tg rats had an increased content of 3-octen-1-ol and 4-chloro-3-methyl phenol in blood, while in brain tissue, hexanal, hexanol, and 2,3-octanedione were present in controls but absent in Tg rats. Levels of 1-heptyl-2-methyl cyclopropane were increased in brain tissue of Tg rats. The data confirm the potential of breath analysis for detection of human idiosyncratic as well as autosomal dominant PD.
A Kalman Filter for Online Calibration of Optimal Controllers (2021)

This paper proposes an approach for the calibration of the cost function of optimization-based controllers. The approach uses a Kalman filter that estimates the cost function parameters using data of closed-loop system operation. It adapts the parameters online and robustly, provides safety guarantees, is computationally efficient, has low data storage requirements, and is easy to implement making it appealing for many real-time applications. The approach provides a data efficient alternative to Bayesian optimization and an automated alternative to learning from demonstrations. Simulation results show that the approach is able to learn cost function parameters quickly (approximately 95\% faster than Bayesian optimization), is able to adapt the parameters to compensate for disturbances (approximately 25\% improvement on tracking precision), and is robust to noise.
LUVLi Face Alignment: Estimating Landmarks' Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihood (2020)

Modern face alignment methods have become quite accurate at predicting the locations of facial landmarks, but they do not typically estimate the uncertainty of their predicted locations nor predict whether landmarks are visible. In this paper, we present a novel framework for jointly predicting landmark locations, associated uncertainties of these predicted locations, and landmark visibilities. We model these as mixed random variables and estimate them using a deep network trained with our proposed Location, Uncertainty, and Visibility Likelihood (LUVLi) loss. In addition, we release an entirely new labeling of a large face alignment dataset with over 19,000 face images in a full range of head poses. Each face is manually labeled with the ground-truth locations of 68 landmarks, with the additional information of whether each landmark is unoccluded, self-occluded (due to extreme head poses), or externally occluded. Not only does our joint estimation yield accurate estimates of the uncertainty of predicted landmark locations, but it also yields state-of-the-art estimates for the landmark locations themselves on multiple standard face alignment datasets. Our method's estimates of the uncertainty of predicted landmark locations could be used to automatically identify input images on which face alignment fails, which can be critical for downstream tasks.
Rapid Technique for Determining Greenbug (Homoptera: Aphididae) Biotypes B, C, E, and F (1988)

A method for quickly determining greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani), biotypes B, C, E, and F was developed. ‘Largo’ resistance in ‘TAM 105’ × ‘Largo’ (5 × L), ‘Triumph 64’ (TR), ‘TAM 107’ (107), and ‘CI 9058’ was evaluated against biotype F so these host relationships could be compared to other biotypes. Mean damage ratings for 5 × L did not differ significantly from the susceptible checks, TR and 107. Therefore, only TR, 107, and 5 × L are needed to differentiate the biotypes. These cultivars were exposed for feeding exposure times of 1, 2, 4, and 6 h to determine the time required for each biotype to make lesions. Feeding damage appeared as brown lesions on the leaves of susceptible plants. Lesions did not form on cultivars resistant to each biotype. Counts of lesions per leaf were made 24, 48, 72, and 96 h after infestation. All of the lesions that were to appear did so by 72 h after infestation. Some of the susceptible plants developed lesions at the 1- and 2-h feeding exposure. All of the susceptible plants formed lesions at the 4- and 6-h feeding times. Mean lesion numbers of 5.0 and 5.2 for 4 and 6 h, respectively, were not significantly different. Our technique permits biotype determinations to be made within 2 wk after aphid collection. Details on the construction of a clip cage, which is an integral part of the methodology, are provided.
Naturstoffsynthese am polymeren Träger – Synthese und biologische Evaluierung einer Indolactam-Bibliothek (1999)

Als wirksame Aktivatoren der Proteinkinease C in Mäusefibroblasten erwiesen sich einige Indolactam-V-Analoga 1, wie mit einem neuen biologischen Assay nachgewiesen wurde. Die Derivate dieses tumorpromovierenden Indolalkaloids wie auch der Naturstoff selbst wurden effizient durch eine kombinatorische Festphasensynthese hergestellt, deren Schlüsselschritte eine regioselektive Aminierung des Indolrings und eine enantiodifferenzierende enzymatische Umsetzung sind.
Tamper Detection in Speech Based Access Control Systems Using Watermarking (2015)

General voice based access control systems are based on voice biometrics. This process enables an unauthorized access by recording the voice of the authorized person. So there is a requirement to prevent unauthorized access through recording speech. Other than voice biometrics, here we have two challenges. (i) To extract the authentication information. (ii) To find the unauthorized source. The speech goes through DA-AD-DA conversion, while it is recorded and used for access control. The watermarking method which will use for this purpose must be robust to DA-AD conversion attack, which is usually involved in recordings. In this work, we propose a method based on casting Log Co-ordinate Mapping (LCM), in which embedding two watermark segments in two different frequency regions, one for authentication information purpose and other for finding unauthorized source. The LCM method has approving performance against DA-AD conversion attacks [1]. The modifications made for this does not impact the perceptible auditory quality and the embedding capacity improved by selecting the appropriate frequency regions in the log scale. Our results show that our method robustly extracts the source identification information while detecting the malicious source if the audio is being recorded and played back by unauthorized source.
Optical coherence imaging for monitoring of microscopic flow in biological samples (2012)

System design and implementation of a Fourier Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT) for microscopic flow monitoring is presented. The system is capable of capturing flow characteristics underneath the surface of biological samples at micrometer resolution. The high speed imaging capability allows for in vivo 3D mapping of microstructure of biological tissues as well as their microvasculature system. An image resolution of 10 microns over 1 mm depth from the sample surface and across a 10 mm × 10 mm lateral field-of-view is possible. The capability of the developed system for monitoring of flow activity within the heart of an African frog tadpole is demonstrated.
Biological washout effect in in-beam PET: animal studies (2020)

Abstract Positron emission tomography (PET) is a practical tool for range verification of hadron therapy. As well, the quantitative washout of the positron emitters has a potential usefulness as a diagnostic index, but the modelling for this has not been established. In this study, we measured washout rates of rabbit brain and performed kinetic analysis to explore the washout mechanism. Six rabbit brains were irradiated by 11 C and 15 O ion beams, and dynamic PET scan was performed using our original depth of interest (DOI)-PET prototype. The washout rate was obtained based on the two-compartment model, where efflux from tissue to blood (k 2 ), influx (k 3 ) and efflux (k 4 ) from the first to second compartments in tissue were evaluated. The observed k 2 , k 3 and k 4 of 11 C were 0.086, 0.137 and 0.007 min −1 , and those of 15 O were 0.502, 0.360 and 0.007 min −1 , respectively. It was suggested permeability of a molecule containing 11 C atoms might be regulated by a transporter. The k 2 of 15 O was comparable with 15 O-water. This study provides basic data for modelling of the washout effect.
Deformation-Based 3D Facial Expression Representation (2018)

We propose a deformation-based representation for analyzing expressions from three-dimensional (3D) faces. A point cloud of a 3D face is decomposed into an ordered deformable set of curves that start from a fixed point. Subsequently, a mapping function is defined to identify the set of curves with an element of a high-dimensional matrix Lie group, specifically the direct product of SE(3). Representing 3D faces as an element of a high-dimensional Lie group has two main advantages. First, using the group structure, facial expressions can be decoupled from a neutral face. Second, an underlying non-linear facial expression manifold can be captured with the Lie group and mapped to a linear space, Lie algebra of the group. This opens up the possibility of classifying facial expressions with linear models without compromising the underlying manifold. Alternatively, linear combinations of linearised facial expressions can be mapped back from the Lie algebra to the Lie group. The approach is tested on the Binghamton University 3D Facial Expression (BU-3DFE) and the Bosphorus datasets. The results show that the proposed approach performed comparably, on the BU-3DFE dataset, without using features or extensive landmark points.
Microwave response of interacting oxide two-dimensional electron systems (2020)

We present an experimental study on microwave illuminated high mobility MgZnO/ZnO based two-dimensional electron systems with different electron densities and, hence, varying Coulomb interaction strength. The photoresponse of the low-temperature dc resistance in perpendicular magnetic field is examined in low and high density samples over a broad range of illumination frequencies. In low density samples a response due to cyclotron resonance (CR) absorption dominates, while high-density samples exhibit pronounced microwave-induced resistance oscillations (MIRO). Microwave transmission experiments serve as a complementary means of detecting the CR over the entire range of electron densities and as a reference for the band mass unrenormalized by interactions. Both CR and MIRO-associated features in the resistance permit extraction of the effective mass of electrons but yield two distinct values. The conventional cyclotron mass representing center-of-mass dynamics exhibits no change with density and coincides with the band electron mass of bulk ZnO, while MIRO mass reveals a systematic increase with lowering electron density consistent with renormalization expected in interacting Fermi liquids.
Categorizing the Role of Respiration in Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Variability Interactions (2021)

The application of the C/S test could favor the comprehension of the role of respiration in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular regulations.
A Review of Carbon Dioxide Selective Membranes: A Topical Report (2003)

Carbon dioxide selective membranes provide a viable energy-saving alternative for CO2 separation, since membranes do not require any phase transformation. This review examines various CO2 selective membranes for the separation of CO2 and N2, CO2 and CH4, and CO2 and H2 from flue or fuel gas. This review attempts to summarize recent significant advances reported in the literature about various CO2 selective membranes, their stability, the effect of different parameters on the performance of the membrane, the structure and permeation properties relationships, and the transport mechanism applied in different CO2 selective membranes.
419 A CTS team approach to identifying thematic constructs related to kratom use during pregnancy and breastfeeding: A qualitative analysis of social media posts (2023)

OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Research on the safety of perinatal kratom use - an herb that acts on opioid receptors - is scarce. Our transdisciplinary clinical and translational science (CTS) team is conducting parallel qualitative analyses of subreddit posts related to kratom use during (1) pregnancy and (2) breastfeeding. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Pregnancy- and breastfeeding-related keywords are being used to extract posts and selected metadata from the following subreddit communities: r/kratom, r/quittingkratom, r/pregnant, and/or r/breastfeeding. After the removal of duplicate posts, posts written in a non-English language and those that state in the post text and/or title that they were published by minors ( RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Among the eligible posts, the number of unique usernames of the sources publishing the posts; the range of publication dates; and the mean, median, &amp; range of the number of comments per post will be presented. Inter-rater concordance in thematic coding will be computed. A word cloud will be created with the most used nouns from the eligible posts. Verbatim quotes will be shown to illustrate themes depicted in the sample. The quantitative and qualitative analyses will be conducted separately for the posts related to kratom use during pregnancy and breastfeeding. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: These findings could assist clinicians in identifying questions that obstetric patients may have regarding the perinatal use of this emerging substance of concern. Further research is needed to validate these findings using other social media data, such as Twitter.
Transfert d’Energie Sans Fil en Champ Proche, Application pour la RFID UHF (2019)

International audience
Cyclizations of Some Terminally Substituted a,c-Biladienes (1986)

Several examples of 1′,8′-disubstituted a, c-biladiene salt cyclizations, using copper(II) or iodine/bromine in hot o-dichlorobenzene, to give mesa-substituted porphyrins are described. © 1986, Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. All rights reserved.
Stomatobaculum longum gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic bacterium from the human oral cavity (2012)

A strictly anaerobic Gram-stain-variable but positive by structure, non-spore-forming bacterium designated Lachnospiraceae bacterium ACC2 strain DSM 24645(T) was isolated from human subgingival dental plaque. Bacterial cells were 4-40 µm long non-motile rods, often swollen and forming curved filaments up to 200 µm. Cells contained intracellular, poorly crystalline, nanometre-sized iron- and sulfur-rich particles. The micro-organism was able to grow on yeast extract, trypticase peptone, milk, some sugars and organic acids. The major metabolic end-products of glucose fermentation were butyrate, lactate, isovalerate and acetate. The growth temperature and pH ranges were 30-42 °C and 4.9-7.5, respectively. Major fatty acids were C14 : 0, C14 : 0 DMA (dimethyl aldehyde), C16 : 0, C16 : 1ω7c DMA. The whole-cell hydrolysate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, indicating peptidoglycan type A1γ. The DNA G+C content was calculated to be 55.05 mol% from the whole-genome sequence and 55.3 mol% as determined by HPLC. There were no predicted genes responsible for biosynthesis of respiratory lipoquinones, mycolic acids and lipopolysaccharides. Genes associated with synthesis of teichoic and lipoteichoic acids, diaminopimelic acid, polar lipids and polyamines were present. According to the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogeny, strain DSM 24645(T) formed, together with several uncultured oral clones, a separate branch within the family Lachnospiraceae, with the highest sequence similarity to the type strain of Moryella indoligenes at 94.2 %. Based on distinct phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, we suggest that strain DSM 24645(T) represents a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Stomatobaculum longum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Stomatobaculum longum is DSM 24645(T) ( = HM-480(T); deposited in BEI Resources, an NIH collection managed by the ATCC).
Tenogenic potential of human stem cells from the amniotic fluid and adipose tissue (2012)

Tendons are highly prone to injury and the intrinsic hypocellularity and hypovascularity make their natural healing extremely slow and inefficient when severed damaged. Surgical repair with grafts is common but unsuccessful in a long term basis. The development of tissue engineering strategies based on stem cells explores a natural endogenous system of regeneration with potential for tendon application. We propose to establish biochemical culturing conditions to assess the tenogenic potential of human adipose stem cells (hASCs) and amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (hAFSCs), known for their proliferative and differentiation capacities. Since several growth factors (GFs) participate in tendon formation and ECM synthesis, these GFs were added to the culture medium to stimulate tenogenic differentiation of these cells. This study also envisions the application of hASCs and/or hAFSCs in cell-based strategies for tendon repair.
Initiation of HIV neutralizing B cell lineages with sequential envelope immunizations (2017)

A strategy for HIV-1 vaccine development is to define envelope (Env) evolution of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) in infection and to recreate those events by vaccination. Here, we report host tolerance mechanisms that limit the development of CD4-binding site (CD4bs), HCDR3-binder bnAbs via sequential HIV-1 Env vaccination. Vaccine-induced macaque CD4bs antibodies neutralize 7% of HIV-1 strains, recognize open Env trimers, and accumulate relatively modest somatic mutations. In naive CD4bs, unmutated common ancestor knock-in mice Env<sup>+</sup>B cell clones develop anergy and partial deletion at the transitional to mature B cell stage, but become Env<sup>-</sup> upon receptor editing. In comparison with repetitive Env immunizations, sequential Env administration rescue anergic Env<sup>+</sup> (non-edited) precursor B cells. Thus, stepwise immunization initiates CD4bs-bnAb responses, but immune tolerance mechanisms restrict their development, suggesting that sequential immunogen-based vaccine regimens will likely need to incorporate strategies to expand bnAb precursor pools.
Personal Protective Equipment and COVID-19 (2020)

: There is a long history of personal protective equipment (PPE) used by the surgeon to minimize the transmission of various pathogens. In the context of the present coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic there is significant controversy as to what forms of PPE are appropriate or adequate. This review aims to describe the pathogenic mechanism and route of spread of the causative virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, as it pertains to accumulated published data from experienced centers globally. The various forms of PPE that are both available and appropriate are addressed. There are options in the form of eyewear, gloves, masks, respirators, and gowns. The logical and practical utilization of these should be data driven and evolve based on both experience and data. Last, situations specific to surgical populations are addressed. We aim to provide granular collective data that has thus far been published and that can be used as a reference for optimal PPE choices in the perioperative setting for surgical teams.
Responsive micelles and vesicles based on polypeptide diblock copolymers (2006)

Abstract The self‐assembly of well‐defined polypeptide‐based diblock copolymers into micelles and vesicles is presented. The stimuli‐responsive behavior of polypeptides to pH and ionic strength is used to produce stimuli‐responsive nanoparticles with a control size and shape. Results focusing on vesicles obtained from polypeptide‐based diblock copolymers that are particularly promising for biomedical application will be detailed by means of static and dynamic light scattering analysis, UV circular dichroism, NMR and small angle neutron scattering experiments. Also systems that are able to form vesicles with narrow size distributions at basic and acidic pH going through an intermediate state of single polymer chains are presented. These nanoparticles are particularly interesting for encapsulation and delivery purposes at a controlled pH. Finally, surface self‐assembly of micelles and vesicles will be shown as models for biological surfaces such as mucosal surfaces. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.