gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Drawing Early-Bird Tickets: Towards More Efficient Training of Deep Networks (2019)

(Frankle &amp; Carbin, 2019) shows that there exist winning tickets (small but critical subnetworks) for dense, randomly initialized networks, that can be trained alone to achieve comparable accuracies to the latter in a similar number of iterations. However, the identification of these winning tickets still requires the costly train-prune-retrain process, limiting their practical benefits. In this paper, we discover for the first time that the winning tickets can be identified at the very early training stage, which we term as early-bird (EB) tickets, via low-cost training schemes (e.g., early stopping and low-precision training) at large learning rates. Our finding of EB tickets is consistent with recently reported observations that the key connectivity patterns of neural networks emerge early. Furthermore, we propose a mask distance metric that can be used to identify EB tickets with low computational overhead, without needing to know the true winning tickets that emerge after the full training. Finally, we leverage the existence of EB tickets and the proposed mask distance to develop efficient training methods, which are achieved by first identifying EB tickets via low-cost schemes, and then continuing to train merely the EB tickets towards the target accuracy. Experiments based on various deep networks and datasets validate: 1) the existence of EB tickets, and the effectiveness of mask distance in efficiently identifying them; and 2) that the proposed efficient training via EB tickets can achieve up to 4.7x energy savings while maintaining comparable or even better accuracy, demonstrating a promising and easily adopted method for tackling cost-prohibitive deep network training. Code available at https://github.com/RICE-EIC/Early-Bird-Tickets.
BayesAdapter: Being Bayesian, Inexpensively and Robustly, via Bayesian Fine-tuning (2021)

Despite their theoretical appealingness, Bayesian neural networks (BNNs) are falling far behind in terms of adoption in real-world applications compared with normal NNs, mainly due to their limited scalability in training, and low fidelity in their uncertainty estimates. In this work, we develop a new framework, named BayesAdapter, to address these issues and bring Bayesian deep learning to the masses. The core notion of BayesAdapter is to adapt pre-trained deterministic NNs to be BNNs via Bayesian fine-tuning. We implement Bayesian fine-tuning with a plug-and-play instantiation of stochastic variational inference, and propose exemplar reparameterization to reduce gradient variance and stabilize the fine-tuning. Together, they enable training BNNs as if one were training deterministic NNs with minimal added overheads. During Bayesian fine-tuning, we further propose an uncertainty regularization to supervise and calibrate the uncertainty quantification of learned BNNs at low cost. To empirically evaluate BayesAdapter, we conduct extensive experiments on a diverse set of challenging benchmarks, and observe satisfactory training efficiency, competitive predictive performance, and calibrated and faithful uncertainty estimates.
Low Residual Carrier Density and High In-Grain Mobility in Polycrystalline Zn3N2 Films on a Glass Substrate (2022)

We investigated the intrinsic physical properties of polycrystalline Zn3N2 thin films by suppressing donor impurities using the ultrahigh-vacuum sputtering technique. The residual carrier density was reduced to 4.4 × 1017 cm–3, resulting in a nondegenerate Zn3N2 thin film. In this film, we observed that grain boundary scattering had a significant effect on mobility, in contrast to previous reports on degenerate films. By fitting using the Seto model, the in-grain mobility reached 340 cm2 V–1 s–1, which is comparable to the mobility of epitaxial thin films, even though they were deposited at room temperature. Electric-double-layer transistors with nondegenerate Zn3N2 active layers were also examined to verify the potential as a transistor active layer material. The insights into trap density of polycrystalline Zn3N2 semiconductor in this report imply opportunities to explore high-performance flexible electronic devices.
TdI10: Ferroelectric thin films in integrated microelectronic devices (1992)

Abstract We present results on four integrated ferroelectric projects: 1) An integrated barium strontium titanate thin-film on GaAs MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) with dielectric constant of 450 and loss tangent of 10−3 at 2.2 GHz operation, done as a Symetrix/Matsushita Electronics Corp. joint development; 2) A low-density (1 Kb) ferroelectric RAM (random access memory) done with PZT (lead zirconate titanate) and other ferroelectrics on CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) Si, carried out as a joint development with Olympus Optical Co.; 3) A liquid-source CVD (chemical vapor deposition) machine and its deposition of strontium titanate and barium strontium titanate films of exceptionally low d.c. leakage current (1 nA/cm2 at 120 nm thickness and 3V operation) for DRAM (dynamic RAM) applications; and 4) performance parameters of a properietary material for RAM application which is totally fatigue-free up to at least 5 × 1011 cycles.
Characterization of Polyvinyl Toluene (PVT) scintillators for fast neutron imaging (2018)

Polyvinyl Toluene (PVT) based plastic scintillators with varying dimensions and fluors have been characterized in terms of relative light output and spatial resolution. Scintillators were exposed to fast neutrons (~2 MeV), and images were obtained with a setup consisting of an EMCCD camera, a mirror and a light-tight apparatus. Among scintillators with 2.0% Flrpic and 10.16 cm (4 inch) diameter, the 10.5-mm thick scintillator featured the highest light output while 3.0- mm provided the best spatial resolution. The deuterated 3.0-mm thick scintillator doped with 2.0% Flrpic showed a worse performance in terms of both light output and spatial resolution compared to that of undeuterated scintillator with the same thickness but doped with 2.0% X-Flrpic. This study reveals the effects of presence of deuterium in PVT, the thickness of scintillator, and the fluor on the light output and spatial resolution of plastic scintillator.
A New Twist on Mitral Regurgitation (2016)

Theories concerning the organization of myocardial fibers in normal mammalian hearts and its relationship to function have been the topic of research for centuries [(1)][1]. Recently, one relatively easy to understand, clinically relevant theory has emerged based on the work of Francisco Torrent-
Evidence for kinesin-related proteins in the mitotic apparatus using peptide antibodies (1992)

To identify kinesin-related proteins that may be important for mitotic function in embryonic and tissue culture cells we have generated polyclonal antibodies to two synthetic peptides corresponding to conserved regions of the kinesin motor domain. In Xenopus eggs we have identified a family of microtubule-binding proteins, recognized by one or both affinity-purified peptide antibodies but not by monoclonal antibodies that recognize conventional kinesin heavy chain. Like kinesin, most of these proteins bind to microtubules only upon addition of AMP-PNP or nucleotide depletion and are released upon subsequent addition of ATP. At least one protein, however, exhibits markedly distinct properties, binding readily to microtubules in the absence of AMP-PNP and/or nucleotide depletion. We also report that, unlike antibodies to conventional kinesin, the peptide antibodies to the kinesin motor domain immunofluorescently label spindles and kinetochores in mitotic tissue culture cells, suggesting that kinesin-like proteins may have important roles in chromosome movement and mitosis.
An Experimental Model Using Cultured Cardiac Myocytes for a Study of the Generation of Premature Ventricular Contractions Under Ultrasound Exposure (2011)

It is known that use of a contrast agents in echocardiography increases the probability of generation of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). As a basic study to elucidate the mechanisms and to reduce adverse effects, the generation of PVCs was investigated using cultured cardiac myocytes instead of the intact heart in vivo. Cardiac myocytes were isolated from neonatal rats and cultured on a cover slip. The myocyte sample was exposed to pulsed ultrasound with microbubbles adjacent to the myocytes, and generation of PVCs was examined with ultrasound exposure at various delay times after onset of myocyte contraction. The experimental results showed that generation of PVCs had a stable threshold delay time and that PVCs were generated only when myocytes were exposed to ultrasound with delay times longer than the threshold. The results indicate that the model used in this study is useful for revealing the mechanisms by which PVCs are induced by ultrasound exposure.
Core Shell Inversion during Nucleation and Growth of Bimetallic Pt/Ru Nanoparticles (1998)

The reductive condensation of a carbon-supported molecular cluster precursor, PtRu5C(CO)16, into a bimetallic nanoparticle has been followed by using in situ extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, temperature-programmed desorption, and scanning transmission electron microscopy. The data reveal that during activation in hydrogen the metal centers associated with the molecular precursor lose the stabilizing CO shell and assume an increasingly metallic electronic character. This support-mediated condensation process is highly activated. The incipient Pt−Ru nanoparticles initially form a disordered structure at 473 K in which Pt is found preferentially at the core of the condensing particle. After further high-temperature treatment to 673 K, the nanoparticles adopt an inverted structure in which Pt appears preferentially at the surface of the equilibrated bimetallic nanoparticle.
Comprehensive Kinetic and Mechanistic Considerations for the Gas‐Phase Behaviour of Pinane‐Type Compounds (2007)

Abstract The thermal behaviour of selected pinane‐type compounds, α‐pinene ( 1 ), β‐pinene ( 2 ), pinane ( 3 ) and nopinone ( 4 ), has been investigated. The conversion of the bicyclic starting materials to their acyclic and monocyclic isomers as well as the consecutive reactions of the acyclic main isomerisation products are discussed. The conversion of 1 – 4 in a reaction network is presented and the experimental evidence for the formation of pyrolysis products by a biradical pathway is discussed. In addition to these results a kinetic model describing the isomerisation of the bicyclic compounds to their acyclic and monocyclic isomers is presented. A good correlation between kinetic simulations and experimental data is revealed. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Cascaded Multilingual Audio-Visual Learning from Videos (2021)

In this paper, we explore self-supervised audio-visual models that learn from instructional videos.Prior work has shown that these models can relate spoken words and sounds to visual content after training on a large-scale dataset of videos, but they were only trained and evaluated on videos in English.To learn multilingual audio-visual representations, we propose a cascaded approach that leverages a model trained on English videos and applies it to audio-visual data in other languages, such as Japanese videos.With our cascaded approach, we show an improvement in retrieval performance of nearly 10x compared to training on the Japanese videos solely.We also apply the model trained on English videos to Japanese and Hindi spoken captions of images, achieving state-of-the-art performance.
Detecting invisible bacillus spores on surfaces using a portable surface-enhanced Raman analyzer (2006)

Since the distribution of anthrax causing spores through the U.S. Postal System in the autumn of 2001, numerous methods have been developed to detect spores with the goal of minimizing casualties. During and following an attack it is also important to detect spores on surfaces, to assess extent of an attack, to quantify risk of infection by contact, as well as to evaluate post-attack clean-up. To perform useful measurements, analyzers and/or methods must be capable of detecting as few as 10 spores/cm<sup>2</sup>, in under 5-minutes, with little or no sample preparation or false-positive responses, using a portable device. In an effort to develop such a device, we have been investigating the ability of surfaceenhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to detect dipicolinic acid (DPA) as a chemical signature of bacilli spores. In 2003 we employed SERS to measure DPA extracted from a 10,000 spores per &#956;L sample using hot dodecylamine. Although the entire measurement was performed in 2 minutes, the need to heat the dodecylamine limits field portability of the method. Here we describe the use of a room temperature digesting agent in combination with SERS to detect 220 spores collected from a surface in a 1 &#956;L sample within 3 minutes.
TH17 is involved in the remarkable regression of metastatic malignant melanoma to topical diphencyprone. (2010)

The authors provide an update on a previously reported patient with in-transit metastatic melanoma of the scalp treated with topical diphencyprone (DPCP). Molecular studies implicate the thymus-derived TH17 lymphocyte subset in a remarkable immunotherapeutic regression. The authors performed RT-PCR of total RNA from paraffin-embedded tissue before and after treatment with DPCP. Before treatment with DPCP, the authors found elevated expression of IL 17C/D/E/F; after treatment there was no detectable expression. Conversely, increased expression of PLZF/CD27 and CTLA4 was seen after treatment with no expression before treatment. No expression of IL17A/B, CD7, RORgTand FoxP3 were before or after treatment. Conclusions are limited to only the time samples were obtained. Remarkable regression of an in-transit metastatic melanoma treated with the immunomodulatory agent DPCP showed gain and loss of gene expression of the TH17 pathway. Further study of this pathway from NK to NK-T to TH7 and TH1 cells both with and without accessory or dendritic cells will improve understanding of contact sensitizers as topical immunomodulators.
Inhibition of anastomotic intimal hyperplasia using a chimeric decoy strategy against NF B and E2F in a rabbit model (2008)

The present study demonstrates the feasibility of chimeric decoy ODN treatment for preventing neointimal formation. This strategy might be useful to improve the clinical outcome after arterial reconstruction.
Dissipative Kerr Solitons: Dissipative Kerr Solitons in a III‐V Microresonator (Laser Photonics Rev. 14(8)/2020) (2020)

In article number 2000022, Gregory Moille, Lin Chang, Weiqiang Xie, and co-workers use cryogenic operation to suppress thermo-refractive effects and realize stable access to dissipative Kerr soliton frequency combs in AlGaAs-on-insulator ring resonators. This platform is distinguished by its ultra-high nonlinearity and potential for low power operation.
Interpretable Credit Application Predictions With Counterfactual Explanations (2018)

We predict credit applications with off-the-shelf, interchangeable black-box classifiers and we explain single predictions with counterfactual explanations. Counterfactual explanations expose the minimal changes required on the input data to obtain a different result e.g., approved vs rejected application. Despite their effectiveness, counterfactuals are mainly designed for changing an undesired outcome of a prediction i.e. loan rejected. Counterfactuals, however, can be difficult to interpret, especially when a high number of features are involved in the explanation. Our contribution is two-fold: i) we propose positive counterfactuals, i.e. we adapt counterfactual explanations to also explain accepted loan applications, and ii) we propose two weighting strategies to generate more interpretable counterfactuals. Experiments on the HELOC loan applications dataset show that our contribution outperforms the baseline counterfactual generation strategy, by leading to smaller and hence more interpretable counterfactuals.
Macrophage‐induced inflammation affects hippocampal plasticity and neuronal development in a murine model of HIV‐1 encephalitis (2005)

Cognitive, behavioral, and motor impairments, during progressive human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, are linked to activation of brain mononuclear phagocytes (MP; perivascular macrophages and microglia). Activated MPs effect a giant cell encephalitis and neuroinflammatory responses that are mirrored in severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice injected with human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Whether activated human MDMs positioned in the basal ganglia affect hippocampal neuronal plasticity, the brain subregion involved in learning and memory, is unknown. Thus, immunohistochemical techniques were used for detection of newborn neurons (polysialylated neuronal cell adhesion molecule [PSA-NCAM]) and cell proliferation (Ki-67) to assay MDM effects on neuronal development in mouse models of HIV-1 encephalitis. Immunodeficient (C.B.-17/SCID and nonobese diabetic/SCID, NOD/SCID) and immune competent (C.B.-17) mice were injected with uninfected or HIV-1-infected MDM. Sham-operated or unmanipulated mice served as controls. Neuronal plasticity was evaluated in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) at days 7 and 28. By day 7, increased numbers of Ki-67+ cells, PSA-NCAM+ cells and dendrites in DG were observed in sham-operated animals. In contrast, significant reductions in neuronal precursors and altered neuronal morphology paralleled increased microglial activation in both HIV-1-infected and uninfected MDM-injected animals. DG cellular composition was restored at day 28. We posit that activated MDM induce inflammation and diminish DG neuronal plasticity. These data provide novel explanations for the cognitive impairments manifested during advanced HIV-1 infection.
Comparisons of rate constants for thiolate-disulfide interchange in water and in polar aprotic solvents using dynamic proton NMR line shape analysis (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparisons of rate constants for thiolate-disulfide interchange in water and in polar aprotic solvents using dynamic proton NMR line shape analysisRajeeva Singh and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 3, 1190–1197Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00159a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00159a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2277Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sequential administration of DNA methyltransferase inhibitors (DNMTi) and histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induces apoptosis with caspase and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-dependent synergy (2007)

1036 Sequential treatment with DNMTi and HDACi synergize to promote re-expression of transcriptionally silenced genes whose promoters are methylated. This observation has served as a model for several early phase clinical trials in patients with myeloid malignancies and other cancers. Since mechanisms other than gene re-expression may be involved in mediating the clinical efficacy of these drugs, we investigated the effect of sequential treatment of DNMTi and HDACi on apoptosis induction in leukemia cells. Pretreatment of ML-1 or HL-60 with decitabine (DNMTi) for 48 h followed by a variety of HDACi (MS-275, trichostatin A, phenylbutyrate sodium or valproic acid) for 24 h synergistically induced apoptosis (median-effect analysis). Sequential treatment with decitabine followed by HDACi synergistically induced p21WAF1 expression in ML-1 but not HL-60 cells, indicating that p21WAF1 upregulation is not essential for apoptotic synergy. ROS can induce apoptosis in caspase-dependent and independent manners. Sequential administration of decitabine and HDACi led to synergistic generation of ROS. Inhibition of ROS by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) completely abrogated apoptosis. The pan-caspase inhibitor Z-VAD-FMK also completely inhibited apoptosis after sequential administration of decitabine and HDACi. These data suggest that ROS-induced apoptosis requires caspase activation. While sequential administration of DNMTi and HDACi synergize for both re-expression of methylated genes and apoptosis, a possible relationship between these two molecular synergies requires further investigation.
Multiple Effects of Education in Rural Areas: Action Research for Development Strategies in Croatia (2005)

The strategy of development in rural areas of Croatia includes several factors. Among them is education. The education system in Croatia has a number of institutional, infrastructural and regional characteristics that are a frame of research for this article. Rural areas confront additional factors such as population migrations, poor socio-professional structures, long distances from cities, etc., which have consequences on the quality of education. A high quality education system provides a base for a better professional structure that can curb migrations (e.g. people staying in villages for education and not migrating to cities) and raise the quality of life through open activities in schools, as schools provide a meeting point for children and the whole population. The objectives of this article are, firstly, to present the findings of an analysis of basic education in rural areas of Croatia and, secondly, to recommend measures to improve access to and quality of education for rural people in order to make a better contribution to rural development. Therefore, after a brief presentation of the context of and justifications for this article, the document presents the findings for each level of education in the form of problems and, from these problems, proposes measures to ensure that education in rural areas is contributing to rural development.
Fabrication of selective solar absorbers using pulsed laser deposition (2009)

54th Annual Conference of the South African Institute of Physics (SAIP), Durban, South Africa, 6-10 July 2009
Zeilen In Friesland - Dag- En Weekendtochten - De Twirre (2014)

Tjalk zeilen over de Friese meren. Dagtocht voor groepen tot 33 personen vanaf 550 euro. Weekendtocht tot 24 personen vanaf ? 1250 euro.