gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vapor-Assisted Ex-Situ Doping of Carbon Nanotube toward Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells (2018)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been considered as a promising material for a top electrode of perovskite solar cells owing to its hydrophobic nature, earth-abundance, and mechanical robustness. However, its poor conductivity, a shallow work function, and nonreflective nature have limited further enhancement in power conversion efficiency (PCE) of top CNT electrode-based perovskite solar cells. Here, we introduced a simple and scalable method to address these issues by utilizing an ex-situ vapor-assisted doping method. Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) vapor doping of the free-standing CNT sheet enabled tuning of conductivity and work function of the CNT electrode without damaging underneath layers. The sheet resistance of the CNT sheet was decreased by 21.3% with an increase in work function from 4.75 to 4.96 eV upon doping of TFMS. In addition, recently developed 2D perovskite-protected Cs-containing formamidium lead iodide (FACsPbI<sub>3</sub>) technology was employed to maximize the absorption. Because of the lowered resistance, better energy alignment, and improved absorption, the CNT electrode-based PSCs produced a PCE of 17.6% with a J<sub>SC</sub> of 24.21 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>, V<sub>OC</sub> of 1.005 V, and FF of 0.72. Furthermore, the resulting TFMS-doped CNT-PSCs demonstrated higher thermal and operational stability than bare CNT and metal electrode-based devices.
Overexpression of a Prefoldin β subunit gene reduces biomass recalcitrance in the bioenergy crop Populus (2019)

Prefoldin (PFD) is a group II chaperonin that is ubiquitously present in the eukaryotic kingdom. Six subunits (PFD1-6) form a jellyfish-like heterohexameric PFD complex and function in protein folding and cytoskeleton organization. However, little is known about its function in plant cell wall-related processes. Here, we report the functional characterization of a PFD gene from Populus deltoides, designated as PdPFD2.2. There are two copies of PFD2 in Populus, and PdPFD2.2 was ubiquitously expressed with high transcript abundance in the cambial region. PdPFD2.2 can physically interact with DELLA protein RGA1_8g, and its subcellular localization is affected by the interaction. In P. deltoides transgenic plants overexpressing PdPFD2.2, the lignin syringyl/guaiacyl ratio was increased, but cellulose content and crystallinity index were unchanged. In addition, the total released sugar (glucose and xylose) amounts were increased by 7.6% and 6.1%, respectively, in two transgenic lines. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed that secondary metabolic pathways, including lignin and flavonoid biosynthesis, were affected by overexpressing PdPFD2.2. A total of eight hub transcription factors (TFs) were identified based on TF binding sites of differentially expressed genes in Populus transgenic plants overexpressing PdPFD2.2. In addition, several known cell wall-related TFs, such as MYB3, MYB4, MYB7, TT8 and XND1, were affected by overexpression of PdPFD2.2. These results suggest that overexpression of PdPFD2.2 can reduce biomass recalcitrance and PdPFD2.2 is a promising target for genetic engineering to improve feedstock characteristics to enhance biofuel conversion and reduce the cost of lignocellulosic biofuel production.
Outcomes in Transplant Recipients Treated With Foscarnet for Ganciclovir-Resistant or Refractory Cytomegalovirus Infection (2016)

Outcomes of existing treatment for ganciclovir-resistant or refractory CMV are suboptimal, in terms of virologic clearance, renal dysfunction, and mortality. These data should provide background information for future clinical trials of newer antiviral agents.
Static and dynamic light scattering of healthy and malaria-parasite invaded red blood cells (2010)

We present the light scattering of individual Plasmodium falciparum-parasitized human red blood cells (Pf-RBCs), and demonstrate progressive alterations to the scattering signal arising from the development of malaria-inducing parasites. By selectively imaging the electric fields using quantitative phase microscopy and a Fourier transform light scattering technique, we calculate the light scattering maps of individual Pf-RBCs. We show that the onset and progression of pathological states of the Pf-RBCs can be clearly identified by the static scattering maps. Progressive changes to the biophysical properties of the Pf-RBC membrane are captured from dynamic light scattering.
The WWOX Tumor Suppressor Is Essential for Postnatal Survival and Normal Bone Metabolism (2008)

The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene encodes a tumor suppressor. We have previously shown that targeted ablation of the Wwox gene in mouse increases the incidence of spontaneous and chemically induced tumors. To investigate WWOX function in vivo, we examined Wwox-deficient (Wwox(-/-)) mice for phenotypical abnormalities. Wwox(-/-) mice are significantly reduced in size, die at the age of 2-3 weeks, and suffer a metabolic disorder that affects the skeleton. Wwox(-/-) mice exhibit a delay in bone formation from a cell autonomous defect in differentiation beginning at the mineralization stage shown in calvarial osteoblasts ex vivo and supported by significantly decreased bone formation parameters in Wwox(-/-) mice by microcomputed tomography analyses. Wwox(-/-) mice develop metabolic bone disease, as a consequence of reduced serum calcium, hypoproteinuria, and hypoglycemia leading to increased osteoclast activity and bone resorption. Interestingly, we find WWOX physically associates with RUNX2, the principal transcriptional regulator of osteoblast differentiation, and on osteocalcin chromatin. We show WWOX functionally suppresses RUNX2 transactivation ability in osteoblasts. In breast cancer MDA-MB-242 cells that lack endogenous WWOX protein, restoration of WWOX expression inhibited Runx2 and RUNX2 target genes related to metastasis. Affymetrix mRNA profiling revealed common gene targets in multiple tissues. In Wwox(-/-) mice, genes related to nucleosome assembly and cell growth genes were down-regulated, and negative regulators of skeletal metabolism exhibited increased expression. Our results demonstrate an essential requirement for the WWOX tumor suppressor in postnatal survival, growth, and metabolism and suggest a central role for WWOX in regulation of bone tissue formation.
Supplement Table 1 from A Systematic Analysis Reveals Heterogeneous Changes in the Endocytic Activities of Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplement Table 1: Rates of uptake at 5 minutes for each endocytic pathway with standard deviation (STDV) in 29 NSCLC cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
Aminodextran as a Migration Moderator in Capillary Gel Electrophoresis of Charged Polysaccharides (1997)

Aminodextran (AD) is shown here as an effective electrolyte additive for a size-dependent separation of hyaluronate (HA) oligomers in capillary gel electrophoresis. AD interacts mainly with the negatively charged HA through an ion-exchange mechanism, while its participation is dependent on the polymer chain size. The degree of complexation and, consequently, electrophoretic mobility can be adjusted through charge density in the analyte or additive molecules through a choice of pH or addition of competing ions to the separation buffer. This approach enables adequate separation, in a large molecular-size range, without the need for highly viscous polymer solutions, thus simplifying a buffer replacement between the runs. Through a proper choice of buffer components, resolution of the individual HA polymer chains up to molecular masses of about 70 000 Da was achieved in less than 45 min. The migration behavior is discussed and presented in combination with its descriptive models.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Patients With Tetralogy of Fallot and Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (2020)

Patients with tetralogy of Fallot and an ICD experience high rates of appropriate therapies, including those implanted in primary prevention. The considerable long-term burden of ICD-related complications, however, underlines the need for careful candidate selection. A combination of easy-to-use criteria including QRS fragmentation might improve risk stratification. Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT03837574.
Total Synthesis of (+)-Mycotrienol and (+)-Mycotrienin I:  Application of Asymmetric Crotylsilane Bond Constructions (1998)

A highly convergent asymmetric synthesis of the ansamycin antibiotics (+)-mycotrienin I (1c) and (+)-mycotrienol (1d) has been achieved through the synthesis and coupling of the C9−C16 subunit 3b and the aromatic subunit 4b, respectively. This article describes the complete details of that work as it illustrates the utility of our developing chiral (E)-crotylsilane bond construction methodology in total synthesis. All four stereogenic centers were introduced using chiral allylsilane bond construction methodology. In the synthesis of subunit 3b, the C12 and C13 stereocenters were installed using an asymmetric crotylsilylation reaction to α-keto dibenzyl acetal 5. The C11 stereocenter was subsequently installed via a chelate-controlled addition of allyltrimethylsilane to establish the anti-1,3-diol system. The C14−C15 trisubstituted double bond was then installed via a reductive opening of α,β-unsaturated lactone 10b. Aromatic subunit 4b was chosen on the basis of its synthon equivalency to the amidobenzoquinone system of (+)-1c and (+)-1d. Subunit 4b was constructed in a concise six-step sequence which incorporates the C3 stereogenic center of the C1−C5 side chain. The C3 stereogenic center was established using a Weinreb amidation of aniline 18 with lactone (+)-16, whose absolute stereochemistry was derived using the crotylsilane methodology. The union of subunit 3b with aromatic subunit 4b was accomplished using a sulfone-based coupling strategy. Coupling product 21 was transformed through a sequence of steps to triene 24. Divergence from this advanced intermediate allows access to both natural products. The successful completion of the synthesis included the incorporation of the (E,E,E)-triene unit with simultaneous macrocyclization through a palladium (0)-catalyzed (Stille-type) coupling macrocyclization.
Laser cooling in a silica optical fiber at atmospheric pressure (2020)

For the first time, to the best of our knowledge, laser cooling is reported in a silica optical fiber. The fiber has a 21-µm diameter core doped with 2.06 wt.% ${{\rm Yb}^{3 + }}$Yb<sup>3+</sup> and co-doped with ${{\rm Al}_2}{{\rm O}_3}$Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and ${{\rm F}^ - }$F<sup>-</sup> to increase the critical quenching concentration by a factor of 16 over the largest reported values for the Yb-doped silica. Using a custom slow-light fiber Bragg grating sensor, temperature changes up to $ - {50}\;{\rm mK}$-50mK were measured with 0.33 W/m of absorbed pump power per unit length at 1040 nm. The measured dependencies of the temperature change on the pump power and the pump wavelength are in excellent agreement with predictions from an existing model, and they reflect the fiber's groundbreaking quality for the radiation-balanced fiber lasers.
The Effect of Gender on Visual Field Sensitivity: The Singapore Chinese Eye Study (2019)

In the SCES, the population-average of the central VF sensitivity was significantly lower in women compared to men by a small amount (0.28 dB). This effect was observed in healthy eyes, and was not explained by multiple potential confounders. Hence, this likely represents a physiological gender-based difference that is unaccounted for in standard automated perimetry. Further studies in other populations would be needed to corroborate our findings.
New Caloporoside Derivatives and their Inhibition of Fungal Spore Germination (2009)

In our ongoing screening culture fluid extracts of Gloeoporus (Caloporus) dichrous strain 83065 inhibited the germination of Magnaporthe grisea and Fusarium graminearum spores. While isolating the active metabolites two new caloporosides, caloporoside G and caloporoside H, in addition to the known caloporoside derivatives F-16438G, caloporoside A, and 2-hydroxy-6-(16-hydroxyheptadecyl)benzoic acid were obtained.
Characteristics and Acquisition of Human Herpesvirus (HHV)–7 Infections in Relation to Infection with HHV‐6 (2006)

Although both human herpesvirus (HHV) 6 and HHV-7 infections are ubiquitous during childhood, few acute HHV-7 infections are identified. It is unknown whether HHV-7 viremia indicates primary infection, as with HHV-6, or reactivation, and if these differ clinically. We studied, in otherwise healthy children < or =10 years old, HHV-7 and HHV-6 infections and their interaction by serologic assessment, viral isolation, and polymerase chain reaction. In children < or =24 months of age, HHV-7 infections occurred less often than HHV-6 infections (P< or =.002). Of 2806 samples from 2365 children < or =10 years old, 30 (1%) showed evidence of HHV-7 viremia; 23 (77%) of these were primary and 7 (23%) were reactivated HHV-7 infections. Four (13%) showed concurrent HHV-6 viremia, 2 associated with primary HHV-7 infections. The clinical manifestations of primary and reactivated HHV-7 infections were similar, except that seizures occurred more frequently in reactivated infections. These findings, previously unrecognized in otherwise healthy children, suggest that HHV-7 viremia could represent primary or reactivated infection and may be affected by the interaction between HHV-6 and HHV-7.
Policies for the Management of Ambient Networks: From Theory to Practice (2008)

Ambient networks have been getting attention in the last years, mainly due to the concept of network composition, aimed at providing dynamic and instant service and resource access to users. Now, the main challenge is to make real the transition from theory into practice. This paper presents a prototype implementation of a policy-based management (PBM) approach for network composition that uses a tree-based data model mapped on a peer-to-peer storage mechanism. The main goal is to discuss the key design decisions and the experience with the implementation and deployment of the prototype. Also, we conducted a measurement-based performance analysis and presented the results and a discussion of the strategies chosen as well as its benefits and pitfalls.
A comparison of glaucoma patients identified through mass screening and in routine clinical practice (2002)

Normal tension glaucoma was four times as common in patients identified through population screening as in self-selected patients, suggesting that patients with NTG are easily overlooked in clinical practice. Even though the patients detected through population screening had lower mean IOP, lower prevalence of pseudoexfoliation, better visual fields and a lower incidence of bilateral disease than self-selected patients, many still had considerable damage. Special efforts, such as glaucoma screening, are needed if manifest glaucoma, and especially NTG, is to be detected at an earlier stage than it currently is.
Dimethylsulfonio‐ and sulfo‐de‐hydrogenation on reaction of azuleno[2,1,8‐ija]azulene (isopyrene) with the dimethyl sulfoxide‐sulfur trioxide complex as reagent (1994)

Abstract Reaction of azuleno[2,1,8‐ija]azulene (isopyrene, 1 ) with SO 3 in the presence of an excess of DMSO leads mainly to mono‐“dimethylsulfonio‐de‐hydrogenation” with formation of 5‐(dimethylsulfonio)isopyrene, the amount of initial sulfonation being relatively small. Subsequently, the 5‐(dimethylsulfonio)isopyrene is relatively slowly sulfo‐de‐hydrogenated to yield 5‐(dimethylsulfonio)isopyrene‐10‐sulfonic acid.
Wide complex tachycardia in a healthy young man (2008)

We describe a case of a young man referred with a broad complex tachycardia for evaluation and ablation. Electrophysiological study was performed and revealed a left lateral accessory pathway with antegrade decremental conduction causing antidromic reciprocating re-entrant tachycardia. Ablation was successfully performed. Left lateral accessory pathways with decremental conduction are rarely encountered.
Risk-Conditioned Distributional Soft Actor-Critic for Risk-Sensitive Navigation (2021)

Modern navigation algorithms based on deep reinforcement learning (RL) show promising efficiency and robustness. However, most deep RL algorithms operate in a risk-neutral manner, making no special attempt to shield users from relatively rare but serious outcomes, even if such shielding might cause little loss of performance. Furthermore, such algorithms typically make no provisions to ensure safety in the presence of inaccuracies in the models on which they were trained, beyond adding a cost-of-collision and some domain randomization while training, in spite of the formidable complexity of the environments in which they operate. In this paper, we present a novel distributional RL algorithm that not only learns an uncertainty-aware policy, but can also change its risk measure without expensive fine-tuning or retraining. Our method shows superior performance and safety over baselines in partially- observed navigation tasks. We also demonstrate that agents trained using our method can adapt their policies to a wide range of risk measures at run-time.
Overproduction, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of the human transcription repressor ERH (2005)

The human gene coding for the enhancer of rudimentary homologue (ERH) protein was overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The ERH protein was purified by anion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and gel-filtration chromatography. Well diffracting single crystals were obtained by the vapour-diffusion method in hanging drops. The crystals belong to the trigonal space group P3(1)21 or its enantiomorph P3(2)21, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 53.74, c = 67.45 A, alpha = beta = 90, gamma = 120 degrees. They diffract to at least 1.75 A. A selenomethionine derivative of the protein was prepared and crystallized for multiwavelength anomalous diffraction (MAD) phasing.
Frontispiece: Amine‐Directed Formation of B−N Bonds for BN‐Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Multiple Resonance Emitters with Narrowband Emission (2022)

Organic Semiconductors. An amine-directed B−N bond formation for the synthesis of BN-fused polycyclic aromatic multiple resonance emitters is reported by Dongdong Zhang, Lian Duan et al. in their Communication (e202207293).
First cross-correlation analysis of interferometric and resonant-bar gravitational-wave data for stochastic backgrounds (2007)

Data from the LIGO Livingston interferometer and the ALLEGRO resonant-bar detector, taken during LIGO's fourth science run, were examined for cross correlations indicative of a stochastic gravitational-wave background in the frequency range 850--950 Hz, with most of the sensitivity arising between 905 and 925 Hz. ALLEGRO was operated in three different orientations during the experiment to modulate the relative sign of gravitational-wave and environmental correlations. No statistically significant correlations were seen in any of the orientations, and the results were used to set a Bayesian 90% confidence level upper limit of ${\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\mathrm{gw}}(f)\ensuremath{\le}1.02$, which corresponds to a gravitational-wave strain at 915 Hz of $1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}23}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{Hz}}^{\ensuremath{-}1/2}$. In the traditional units of ${h}_{100}^{2}{\ensuremath{\Omega}}_{\mathrm{gw}}(f)$, this is a limit of 0.53, 2 orders of magnitude better than the previous direct limit at these frequencies. The method was also validated with successful extraction of simulated signals injected in hardware and software.
Improved LightGBM-Based Framework for Electric Vehicle Lithium-Ion Battery Remaining Useful Life Prediction Using Multi Health Indicators (2022)

To improve the prediction accuracy and prediction speed of battery remaining useful life (RUL), this paper proposes an improved light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM)-based framework. Firstly, the features from the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and incremental capacity-differential voltage (IC-DV) curve are extracted, and the open circuit voltage and temperature are measured; then, those are regarded as multi HIs to improve the prediction accuracy. Secondly, to adaptively adjust to multi HIs and improve prediction speed, the loss function of the LightGBM model is improved by the adaptive loss. The adaptive loss is utilized to adjust the loss function form and limit the saturation value for the first-order derivative of the loss function so that the improved LightGBM can achieve an adaptive adjustment to multiple HIs (ohmic resistance, charge transfer resistance, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) film resistance, Warburg resistance, loss of conductivity, loss of active material, loss of lithium ion, isobaric voltage drop time, and surface average temperature) and limit the impact of error on the gradient. The model parameters are optimized by the hyperparameter optimization method, which can avoid the lower training efficiency caused by manual parameter adjustment and obtain the optimal prediction performance. Finally, the proposed framework is validated by the database from the battery aging and performance testing experimental system. Compared with traditional prediction methods, GBDT (1.893%, 4.324 s), 1D-CNN (1.308%, 47.381 s), SVR (1.510%, 80.333 s), RF (1.476%, 852.075 s), and XGBoost (1.119%, 24.912 s), the RMSE and prediction time of the proposed framework are 1.078% and 15.728 s under the total HIs. The performance of the proposed framework under a different number of HIs is also analyzed. The experimental results show that the proposed framework can achieve the optimal prediction accuracy (98.978%) under the HIs of resistances, loss modes, and isobaric voltage drop time.
Comparison of Regression Methods and Neural Networks for Colour Corrections (2022)

Colour correction is the problem of mapping the sensor responses measured by a camera to the display-encoded RGBs or to a standard colour space such as CIE XYZ. In regression-based colour correction, camera RAW RGBs are mapped according to a simple formula (e.g. a linear mapping). Regression methods include least squares, polynomial and root-polynomial approaches. More recently, researchers have begun to investigate how neural networks can be used to solve the colour correction problem. _x005F_x000D_ _x005F_x000D_ In this paper, we investigate the relative performance of regression versus a neural network approach. While we find that the latter approach performs better than simple least-squares the performance is not as good as that delivered by either root-polynomial or polynomial regression. The root-polynomial approach has the advantage that it is also exposure invariant. In contrast, the Neural Network approach delivers poor colour correction when the exposure changes.
A New Electrode-mesh Tomograph for Advanced Studies on Bubbly Flow Characteristics. (2002)

For studies on the characteristics of bubbly flow in a rectangular channel (20×100mm) a new electrode-mesh tomograph have been applied. The measuring principle is based on local conductivity measurement and a signal concerning. The applied sensor scans the local void fraction distribution in 2 parallel planes, separated 1.5mm in flow direction, with a resolution of 6.1×2.2mm and an overall sampling rate of 1200Hz (all 256 points). Algorithm for the calculation of the local instantaneous void fraction distribution and the true gas velocity are presented. Based on these values the approximate shapes of bubbles have been reconstructed and the gas volume flow through the sensor evaluated. The superficial gas velocity as well as the local distribution of the gas volume flux can be calculated. An extensive sensitivity study illustrating the applicability and accuracy is presented, based on experiment observations as well as theoretical considerations. The evaluated results are compared with high-speed video observations of the flow field as well as data comparing the reconstructed volume flow with measurements by a laminar flow meter. Good agreement can be stated.