gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent developments regarding periostin in bronchial asthma (2015)

Although it is currently recognized that bronchial asthma is not a single disease but a syndrome, we have not yet made use of our new understanding of this heterogeneity as we treat asthma patients. To increase the efficacy of anti-asthma drugs and to decrease costs, it is important to stratify asthma patients into subgroups and to develop therapeutic strategies for each subgroup. Periostin has recently emerged as a biomarker for bronchial asthma, unique in that it is useful not in diagnosis but in categorizing asthma patients. We first found that periostin is a novel component of subepithelial fibrosis in bronchial asthma downstream of IL-13 signals. Thereafter, it was shown that periostin can be a surrogate biomarker of type 2 immune responses, the basis of the notion that a detection system of serum periostin is potentially a companion diagnostic for type 2 antagonists. Furthermore, we have recently shown that serum periostin can predict resistance or hyporesponsiveness to inhaled corticosteroids, based on its contribution to tissue remodeling or fibrosis in bronchial asthma. Thus, serum periostin has two characteristics as a biomarker for bronchial asthma: it is both a surrogate biomarker of type 2 immune responses and a biomarker reflecting tissue remodeling or fibrosis. We can take advantage of these characteristics to develop stratified medicine in bronchial asthma.
Heat shock induction by a misassembled cytoplasmic membrane protein complex in Escherichia coli (1997)

We analysed the effects of the overproduction of parts or all of a multisubunit ATP‐binding cassette (ABC) transporter, the MalFGK2 complex, involved in the uptake of maltose and maltodextrins in Escherichia coli . We found that production of the MalF protein alone was inducing the phtrA promoter, which is under the control of a recently discovered sigma factor, σ 24 , involved in the response to extracytoplasmic stresses. The production level, stability and localization of MalF were not altered when produced without its partners, suggesting that the protein was correctly inserted in the membrane. Our results indicate that a large periplasmic loop located between the third and fourth transmembrane segment of MalF, the L3 loop, is responsible for phtrA induction: (i) deleted MalF proteins with no L3 loop or with a L3 loop lacking 120 amino acids do not induce the phtrA promoter; (ii) the export to the periplasm of the L3 loop alone or fused to MalE induces the phtrA promoter. Moreover, the proteolytic sensitivity of MalF is different when it is produced alone and when MalF and MalG are produced together, suggesting a change in the conformation and/or accessibility of MalF. These results suggest that some inner membrane proteins can be sensed outside the cytoplasm by a quality control apparatus or by the export machinery. Moreover, the observation of the phtrA induction by MalF could be a useful new tool for studying the insertion and assembly of the MalFGK2 complex.
Low-temperature field-effect and magnetotransport properties in a ZnO based heterostructure with atomic-layer-deposited gate dielectric (2008)

A top-gate field-effect device with atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 dielectric was fabricated to investigate magnetotransport properties of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at a semi-insulating ZnO–Mg0.12Zn0.88O double heterostructure grown by laser molecular-beam epitaxy. Hall mobility monotonically increased as the density of accumulated electrons increased. The highest mobility at 2K was recorded to be 5000cm2V−1s−1 at a 2DEG density of 1.2×1012cm−2, which is comparable to the previously reported value for a metallic ZnO∕Mg0.2Zn0.8O heterostructure. Insulator-to-metal transition was observed at a critical density of 6×1011cm−2. The metallic-state channel exhibited Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations, demonstrating an electric-field tunable quantum device based on transparent oxide semiconductor.
Visible range lasing in dye-doped doubly periodic layered structures in dichromate gelatin emulsions (2012)

Coherent X-ray radiation excited by a relativistic electron in a periodic layered medium A.V
Front Matter: Volume 9696 (2016)

The Molecular Guided Surgery II conference grew in attendance and scope from the previous year, when it originated.While several speakers and research groups presented as in the past year, the inclusion of surgeons involved in MGS was specifically increased by more invited and contributed speakers from this group.The interaction of basic scientists, translational scientists, companies and practicing surgeons is exactly the intersection of driving factors that the conference has strived for, and definitely achieved this year.The presentations started with Advanced Molecular Imaging Methods, and then transitioned into Molecular Contrast Agents, and then to Imaging Systems.The conference then continued with Pre-clinical applications and the Clinical Translation of this, and led to ongoing Clinical Applications.The program finalized with a discussion panel on the topic of future potential and current limitations in the field, having input from surgeons, translational academics, industry and with input from a working group from the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM).
Fully Integrated FMCW LiDAR Optical Engine on a Single Silicon Chip (2022)

We present the demonstration of two novel chip-scale FMCW LiDAR optical engines in which all photonic components, including the laser sources, were integrated on single silicon chips. Using the first LiDAR chip design, with an integrated distributed Bragg reflector laser and grating couplers as input/output ports for the receive/transmit light, we demonstrated a maximum range of 28 m limited by transmit light output power of 2 mW. We further demonstrated a maximum range of 75 m using a second LiDAR chip architecture having an on-chip sampled grating distributed Bragg reflector master laser with integrated power amplifier in which the local oscillator light was obtained from the laser back facet. This maximum range can be further increased by improving the laser linewidth. The measured range dependence of the FMCW signal level for both LiDAR chips agreed well with theory. The chip-scale FMCW LiDAR optical engines can be used in conjunction with a variety of off-chip two dimensional beam scanners to realize a chip-scale scanning LiDAR solution. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first published demonstration of fully integrated FMCW LiDAR optical engines on a single silicon chip.
Computation of the One-Dimensional Unwrapped Phase (2007)

In this paper, the computation of the unwrapped phase of the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT) of a one-dimensional finite-length signal is explored. The phase of the DTFT is not unique, and may contain integer multiple of 2 pi discontinuities. The unwrapped phase is the instance of the phase function chosen to ensure continuity. This paper compares existing algorithms for computing the unwrapped phase. Then, two composite algorithms are proposed that build upon the existing ones. The core of the proposed methods is based on recent advances in polynomial factoring. The proposed methods are implemented and compared to the existing ones.
Adenoviral Mediated Delivery of OSKM Factors Induces Partial Reprogramming of Mouse Cardiac Cells In Vivo (2020)

Abstract The induction of in vivo reprogramming toward pluripotency has been demonstrated in several tissues utilizing either transgenic inducible mice or gene delivery approaches. However, the effects of exogenous reprogramming factor expression in the mammalian heart have not been previously reported. The present study aims to investigate the response of cardiac cells to ectopic Oct3/4 , Sox2 , Klf4 , and cMyc (OSKM) expression in vivo using a non‐integrating adenoviral vector. Direct intramyocardial injection of this vector achieves effective and transient OSKM overexpression in the healthy heart and after myocardial infarction. The expression of these factors induces transient upregulation of a number of endogenous pluripotency ( endo‐Oct3/4 , Gdf3 ) and reprogramming related ( Cdh1, Fut4 ) genes, confirming the induction of cell reprogramming. Despite the initiation of reprogramming, markers of fully de‐differentiated cells including Nanog remain silenced, consistent with a partially reprogrammed state. Furthermore, no indications of tumorigenesis or teratoma formation are observed. Overall, these data suggest that adenoviral mediated OSKM delivery can be utilized to induce partial in vivo reprogramming. However, the absence of any clear regenerative effects after myocardial infarction indicates that further optimization of vector mediated reprogramming strategies is essential to overcome barriers to therapeutic efficacy.
Preparation of Mn-based perovskite-type oxides by citrate process and their catalytic activities. (1988)

Mn系ペロブスカイト型酸化物La1_xA′xMnO3(A'=Ca,Sr,Ba)のクエン酸錯体法による調製および調製触媒のメタン酸化活性を調べた。単相のぺ0ブスカイト型酸化物の生成温度および生成組成範囲は置換元素の種類により異なるものの,550～650℃ の焼成で結晶性のよい単相のペロブスカイトが得られ,クエン酸錯体法を用いれば,従来の酢酸塩分解法にくらぺて200～3000℃低い温度でぺロブスカイト型酸化物を調製することが可能である。比表面積は焼成温度に大きく依存する。比表面積はぺロブスカイトが生成し始める温度付近で最大となり30m2・g-1以上にも達するが,焼成温度の上昇とともにいちじるしく低下し,850℃ 焼成では酢酸塩分解法にり調製したものと同程度となった。クエン酸錯体法で調製したLa0.8Sr0.2MnO3の表面積あたりのメタン酸化活性は焼成温度とともに向上するが,低温焼成触媒では表面積増大の効果が大きく,重量あたりでは担持白金触媒や酢酸塩分解法により調製した触媒よりもはるかに高活性となった。以上の結果から,触媒調製におけるクエン酸錯体法の利点は,低温焼成が可能なことによる高表面積化であると結論できる。
Ultra high frequency phononic crystal in silicon carbide (2011)

This work presents, for the first time, a novel fractal phononic crystal (PC) design in epitaxial cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) and experimentally demonstrates acoustic band gaps (ABGs) in the ultra high frequency (UHF) range. The unit cell consists of an air scatterer in a SiC host matrix. Unlike most conventional PC designs, either having circular holes or cylindrical pillars as the scattering sites, the shape of the fractal-like scatterer is formed by a center square hole with four repeating smaller squares at its corners. The fractal nature of this design enables opening phononic band gaps (PBGs) at higher operating frequencies than conventional designs, therefore attaining UHF operations with larger features. The micromachined SiC PBG structure exhibits two frequency stop bands in the 1 GHz range, centered at 990 MHz and 1.17 GHz with 10% and 15.4% gap-to-midgap ratio bandwidth, respectively.
Video game based learning: there is more than meets the eye (2009)

Over the past th ree decades the prevalence o f video games in our society has increased exponentiall y.While for most of that time the predominant societal attitude was that video ga mes were something for 'kids; or more accurately boys, the current reali ty is
Total Synthesis of (+)-Geldanamycin and (−)-o-Quinogeldanamycin with Use of Asymmetric Anti- and Syn-Glycolate Aldol Reactions (2002)

Geldanamycin (GA), an antitumor Hsp90 inhibitor, was made for the first time by using an oxidative demethylation reaction as the final step. A biaryldioxanone auxiliary set the anti C11-12 hydroxy-methoxy functionality and a methylglycolate auxiliary based on norephedrine was used for the syn C6-7 methoxy-urethane. p-Quinone-forming oxidants, CAN and AgO, produced an unusual aza-quinone product. Nitric acid gave GA from a trimethoxy precursor in 55% yield as a 1:10 mixture with nonnatural o-quino-GA. [structure: see text]
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryltryptamines with Palladium‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of 2‐Bromotryptamines and Arylboronic Acids. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
<title>New high-brightness monochrome monitor based on color CRT technology</title> (1997)

With increasing availability of medical image communication infrastructures, medical images are more and more displayed as soft-copies rather than as hard-copies. Often however, the image viewing environment is characterized by high ambient light, such as in surgery rooms or offices illuminated by daylight. We are describing a very-high- brightness cathode-ray-tube (CRT) monitor which accommodates these viewing conditions without the typical deterioration in resolution due to electron focal spot blooming. The three guns of a standard color CRT are used to create a high brightness monochrome monitor. The CRT has no shadow-mask, and a homogeneous P45 phosphor layer has been deposited instead of the structured red-green-blue color phosphor screen. The electron spots of the three guns are dynamically matched by applying appropriate waveforms to four additional multiple magnetic fields around the gun assembly. We evaluated the image quality of the triple-gun CRT monitor concerning parameters which are especially relevant for medical imaging applications. We have measured characteristic curves, dynamic range, veiling glare, resolution, spot profiles, and screen noise. The monitor can provide a high luminance of more than 200 fL. Due to nearly perfect matching of the three spots, the resolution is mainly determined by the beam profile of a single gun and is remarkably high even at these high luminance values. The P45 phosphor shows very little structure noise, which is an advantage for medical desktop applications. Since all relevant monitor parameters are digitally controlled, the status of the monitor can be fully characterized at any time. This feature particularly facilitates the reproduction of brightness and contrast values and hence allows easy implementation of a display function standard or to return to a desired display function that has been found useful for a given application in the past.
A lethal model of disseminated dengue virus type 1 infection in AG129 mice (2017)

The mosquito-borne disease dengue is caused by four serologically and genetically related flaviviruses termed DENV-1 to DENV-4. Dengue is a global public health concern, with both the geographical range and burden of disease increasing rapidly. Clinically, dengue ranges from a relatively mild self-limiting illness to a severe life-threatening and sometimes fatal disease. Infection with one DENV serotype produces life-long homotypic immunity, but incomplete and short-term heterotypic protection. The development of small-animal models that recapitulate the characteristics of the disseminated disease seen clinically has been difficult, slowing the development of vaccines and therapeutics. The AG129 mouse (deficient in interferon alpha/beta and gamma receptor signalling) has proven to be valuable for this purpose, with the development of models of disseminated DENV-2,-3 and -4 disease. Recently, a DENV-1 AG129 model was described, but it requires antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) to produce lethality. Here we describe a new AG129 model utilizing a non-mouse-adapted DENV-1 strain, West Pacific 74, that does not require ADE to induce lethal disease. Following high-titre intraperitoneal challenge, animals experience a virus infection with dissemination to multiple visceral tissues, including the liver, spleen and intestine. The animals also become thrombocytopenic, but vascular leakage is less prominent than in AG129 models with other DENV serotypes. Taken together, our studies demonstrate that this model is an important addition to dengue research, particularly for understanding the pathological basis of the disease between DENV serotypes and allowing the full spectrum of activity to test comparisons for putative vaccines and antivirals.
Improved Gait Speed Calculation via Modulation Spectral Analysis of Noisy Accelerometer Data (2020)

Chronic diseases among older adults carry a heavy burden on a country's healthcare system and economy. As such, there is a critical need for the development of cost-effective, technology-based tools that can be scaled to meet the needs of older adults. Gait speed, for example, is an important predictor of change in functional status and health outcomes in older adults. There is no universally accepted method for measuring gait speed in clinical practice and research, and differences in methods may influence the observed associations between gait speed and health. Moreover, existing methods are sensitive to artifacts, which are present in burgeoning low-cost wearable devices. To overcome this limitation, this paper proposes an artifact-robust gait speed calculation method using spectro-temporal signal processing of accelerometer data. To this end, a new so-called modulation domain gait speed (MD-GS) metric is proposed and tested on data collected from forty older adults performing a 400-meter walk test with a sensor placed on a waist-worn belt. Average gait speed calculation is performed for each participant. Experimental results showed the proposed method achieved very high correlation (ρ = 0.98) with ground truth gait speeds, as well as low errors and error variability (0.05± 0.14) m/s, thus substantially outperforming gait speed calculation using a well-known kinematic model. The increased robustness against artifacts, make it a promising solution for aging-in-home applications based on low-cost wearable devices.
Supplementary Figure Legends from A Small-Molecule Modulator of the Tumor-Suppressor miR34a Inhibits the Growth of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends. Legend for Supplementary Figures S1-S5.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of Boron. Part 185. Reactions of Metal Carbene Complexes with (tert.‐Butylimino)(2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidino)borane. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the aminoiminoborane (I) with dimethyltitanocene (II) in hot toluene yields the deep‐blue compound (III) in excellent yield.
Impact of Ultra-Conducting Winding on the Power Density and Performance of Non-Heavy Rare Earth Traction Motors (2019)

The emergence of carbon nanotube-copper composite conductors has opened a new degree of freedom in the electric machine design to improve the machine's performance: the conductivity of the winding. The goal of the present study is: 1) to determine how much improvement in power per unit volume and performance can be achieved with the increase in winding conductivity; and 2) to investigate any physical limitations on the effectiveness of this degree of freedom in improving the power per unit volume and performance of electric traction motors. Conventional electric motor topologies affected by ferromagnetic saturation as well as slotless topology that is not affected by saturation are analyzed. It was found that the ferromagnetic saturation of the lamination materials reduces the effectiveness of highly conductive winding in improving the power per unit volume. For machine topologies that are not affected by ferromagnetic saturation, the power density improvement reaches the theoretical expectation. In both cases, highly conductive winding improves the efficiency map by enlarging high efficiency operating area into light load as well as high speed operations.
Commentary: Gene Profiling Analysis of the Early Effects of Ablative Fractional Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment on Human Skin (2013)

1Elixir Institute of Regenerative Medicine, San Jose, California, Author correspondence and reprint requests to: Basil M. Hantash, MD, PhD, Elixir Institute of Regenerative Medicine, 5941 Optical Court, San Jose, CA 95138, or e-mail: [email protected] The author has no conflicts of interests to disclose.
Co-targeting of delta-like ligand 4 (DLL4) and vascular endothelial growth factor a (VEGF) with programmed death 1 (PD1) blockade inhibits tumor growth and facilitates anti-tumor immune responses (2015)

Meeting abstracts Blocking DLL4, a Notch ligand, effectively inhibits tumor growth by increasing non-functional angiogenesis and decreasing the cancer stem cell (CSC) population. Preclinical studies have demonstrated inhibition of tumor growth by anti-DLL4 treatment and have led us to enter
A Probabilistic Framework for Pruning Transformers Via a Finite Admixture of Keys (2023)

Pairwise dot product-based self-attention is key to the success of transformers which achieve state-of-the-art performance across a variety of applications in language and vision, but are costly to compute. It has been shown that most attention scores and keys in transformers are redundant and can be removed without loss of accuracy. In this paper, we develop a novel probabilistic framework for pruning attention scores and keys in transformers. We first formulate an admixture model of attention keys whose input data to be clustered are attention queries. We show that attention scores in self-attention correspond to the posterior distribution of this model when attention keys admit a uniform prior distribution. We then relax this uniform prior constraint and let the model learn these priors from data, resulting in a new Finite Admixture of Keys (FiAK). The learned priors are used for pruning away redundant attention scores and keys in the baseline transformers, improving the diversity of attention patterns that the models capture. We corroborate the efficiency of transformers pruned with FiAK on the ImageNet object classification and WikiText-103 language modeling tasks. Our experiments demonstrate that transformers pruned with FiAK yield similar or better accuracy than the baseline dense transformers while being much more efficient in terms of memory and computational cost.
Simultaneous four-wave mixing and cross-gain modulation for implementing an all-optical XNOR logic gate using a single SOA (2006)

We report on an all-optical XNOR-gate using simultaneous Four-Wave Mixing (FWM) and Cross-Gain Modulation (XGM) in a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). FWM generates the bitwise AND output corresponding to the two input data streams while XGM is used to generate the NOR output. These two outputs are combined using a coupler to obtain the final XNOR output. Error-free operation for RZ data with <2dB power-penalty is reported.
Contamination of sequence databases with adaptor sequences. (1997)

Because of the exponential increase in the amount of DNA sequences being added to the public databases on a daily basis, it has become imperative to identify sources of contamination rapidly. Previously, contaminations of sequence databases have been reported to alert the scientific community to the problem. These contaminations can be divided into two categories. The first category comprises host sequences that have been difficult for submitters to manage or control. Examples include anomalous sequences derived from Escherichia coli, which are inserted into the chromosomes (and plasmids) of the bacterial hosts. Insertion sequences are highly mobile and are capable of transposing themselves into plasmids during cloning manipulation. Another example of the first category is the infection with yeast genomic DNA or with bacterial DNA of some commercially available cDNA libraries from Clontech. The second category of database contamination is due to the inadvertent inclusion of nonhost sequences. This category includes incorporation of cloning-vector sequences and multicloning sites in the database submission. M13-derived artifacts have been common, since M13-based vectors have been widely used for subcloning DNA fragments. Recognizing this problem, the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) started to screen, in April 1994, all sequences directly submitted to GenBank, againstmore » a set of vector data retrieved from GenBank by use of key-word searches, such as {open_quotes}vector.{close_quotes} In this report, we present evidence for another sequence artifact that is widespread but that, to our knowledge, has not yet been reported. 11 refs., 1 tab.« less