gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Addition of Carbenes to Reactive Metal‐Metal Bonds—A Simple Synthetic Method for μ‐Methylene Complexes (1981)

A general route to μ-methylene complexes (dimetallacyclopropanes) is the addition of carbenes (generated from diazoalkanes) to species with reactive metal-metal bonds. For example, (Me5C5)2Rh2(CO)2 reacts with carbenes RR′C: depending on the spatial requirements of the substituents R and R′ with elimination of CO to give (1) or with intramolecular opening of the carbonyl bridge to give (2).
Evidence for recruitment of plasmacytoid dendritic cell precursors to inflamed lymph nodes through high endothelial venules (2004)

Recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) to lymph nodes (LNs) is pivotal to the establishment of immune response. Whereas DCs have been proven to undergo afferent lymphatic pathway to enter LNs from peripheral tissues, a question remains if DCs also migrate into LNs directly from the circulation. Here we demonstrate that plasmacytoid DC (pDC) precursors can transmigrate across high endothelial venules (HEVs) of inflamed LNs in mice. Bacterial infection induces a significant number of pDC and myeloid DC (mDC) precursors into the circulation. Both subsets express a common set of chemokine receptors except CXCR3, display parallel mobilization into the blood, but show distinct trafficking pathway to the LNs. In a short-term homing assay, whereas mDC precursors migrate to peripheral tissues and subsequently to draining LNs, pDC precursors directly enter the LNs in a CXCL9 and E-selectin dependent manner. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha controls not only DC precursor mobilization into the blood but also chemokine up-regulation on LN HEVs. A similar trafficking pathway is observed also in viral infection, and CXCR3(-/-) mice-derived pDC precursors show defective trans-HEV migration. This study clarifies the inflammation-dependent, chemokine-driven distinct property of DC precursor trafficking.
Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Wolff‐Parkinson‐White Syndrome Associated with a Coronary Sinus Diverticulum (1991)

The case of a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome undergoing attempted radiofrequency catheter ablation of a left posterior paraseptal accessory pathway is described. Coronary sinus venography revealed the presence of a large diverticulum attaching near the os. The electrogram recorded from a catheter placed in the narrow neck of the diverticulum revealed a very short atrioventricular time during sinus rhythm. The pathway was easily ablated using radiofrequency energy applied in the neck of the diverticulum, after multiple failed attempts at catheter ablation from the endocardial surface of the mitral annulus. Our report emphasizes the importance of searching for a coronary sinus diverticulum in all patients with posterior accessory pathways undergoing catheter ablation.
Multiple renal cancer susceptibility polymorphisms modulate the HIF pathway (2017)

Un-physiological activation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) is an early event in most renal cell cancers (RCC) following inactivation of the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor. Despite intense study, how this impinges on cancer development is incompletely understood. To test for the impact of genetic signals on this pathway, we aligned human RCC-susceptibility polymorphisms with genome-wide assays of HIF-binding and observed highly significant overlap. Allele-specific assays of HIF binding, chromatin conformation and gene expression together with eQTL analyses in human tumors were applied to mechanistic analysis of one such overlapping site at chromosome 12p12.1. This defined a novel stage-specific mechanism in which the risk polymorphism, rs12814794, directly creates a new HIF-binding site that mediates HIF-1α isoform specific upregulation of its target BHLHE41. The alignment of multiple sites in the HIF cis-acting apparatus with RCC-susceptibility polymorphisms strongly supports a causal model in which minor variation in this pathway exerts significant effects on RCC development.
Correction: Enantiomeric resolution and simulation studies of four enantiomers of 5-bromo-3-ethyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-piperidine-2,6-dione on a Chiralpak IA column (2017)

Correction for ‘Enantiomeric resolution and simulation studies of four enantiomers of 5-bromo-3-ethyl-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-piperidine-2,6-dione on a Chiralpak IA column’ by Imran Ali <italic>et al.</italic>, <italic>RSC Adv.</italic>, 2016, <bold>6</bold>, 14372–14380.
Fast Re-integration of Shadow Free Images. (2004)

In imaging applications, computation is often carried out in a derivative (gradient) domain. For example, we can attenuate small image differences by thresholding the gradient and then reintegrate. Unfortunately, the reintegration is an expensive task. Reintegration is often carried out in 2D (usually using 2D Fourier transform) or through multiple 1D paths as in Retinex. In this paper, we show that using a small number of non-random paths, each of which is a tour the size of the image, is an effective and fast method for reintegration.We apply our method to the problem of reintegrating a shadow free gradient derivative image. Results are competitive with those obtained using 2D methods. Yet, the reintegration presented here is an order of magnitude quicker.
Fiber amplifier based UV laser source (2009)

We demonstrate 30 W of average UV power, at 353 nm, by harmonically converting the output of a seeded cascade of fiber amplifiers operating at 1060 nm. The UV output represents 46% harmonic conversion efficiency from the fundamental beam. The all-fiber-amplifier, MOPA architecture supports variable pulse repetition frequencies and pulse widths. We demonstrate pulse repetition frequencies up to 2 MHz and pulse widths as short as 2 ns. Two bulk LBO crystals, oriented for second and third harmonic conversion, are used to obtain stable UV output power. A turnkey system using this architecture is commercially available. The system is entirely air-cooled and operates from a standard wall plug electric service, facilitating integration into various material processing applications.
p-Aminophenyl Alkyl Ether-based 19F MRI Probe for Specific Detection and Imaging of Hypochlorite Ion (2011)

Abstract We report a 19F MRI probe for the specific detection and imaging of −OCl. Our designed probe, having p-aminophenyl alkyl scaffold, reacted expeditiously with −OCl to produce a trifluoroethanol. Concomitant with the reaction, the 19F chemical shift changed by 2.6 ppm, allowing the visualization of −OCl-dependent probe-to-product conversion using 19F MRI.
Imaging changes in scattering media from Time Reversal of the Coda wave Difference (TRECOD) (2011)

We propose a new method for monitoring temporal changes in a complex scattering environment. It is referred to as Time Reversal of the Coda wave Difference (TRECOD). The impulse responses of the probed medium are recorded between all the emitter/receiver pairs of a transceiver array. A Fourier transform of these responses then produces the so-called backscattering transfer matrix at each frequency of the transceiver bandwidth. The matrix acquisition is repeated and the image of the temporal changes occurring between two matrix acquisitions is formed by propagating numerically the significant singular vectors of the matrix difference. Small-scale experiments with ultrasound are used to validate the method and demonstrate its interest for the monitoring of a fluid injection in a porous medium behind a strongly scattering obstacle.
Supplementary Data from Dietary Fats High in Linoleic Acids Impair Antitumor T-cell Responses by Inducing E-FABP–Mediated Mitochondrial Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figures and Tables&lt;/p&gt;
Skeleton-based motion capture for robust reconstruction of human motion (2002)

Optical motion capture provides an impressive ability to replicate gestures. However, even with a highly professional system there are many instances where crucial markers are occluded or when the algorithm confuses the trajectory of one marker with that of another. This requires much editing work on the part of the animator before the virtual characters are ready for their screen debuts. In this paper, we present an approach to increasing the robustness of a motion capture system by using a sophisticated anatomic human model. It includes a precise description of the skeleton's mobility and an approximated envelope. It allows us to accurately predict the 3-D location and visibility of markers, thus significantly increasing the robustness of marker tracking and assignment, and drastically reducing-or even eliminating-the need for human intervention during the 3D reconstruction process.
Genipin‐induced changes in collagen gels: Correlation of mechanical properties to fluorescence (2008)

Controlled crosslinking of collagen gels has important applications in cell and tissue mechanics as well as tissue engineering. Genipin is a natural plant extract that has been shown to crosslink biological tissues and to produce color and fluorescence changes upon crosslinking. We have characterized the effects of genipin concentration and incubation duration on the mechanical and fluorigenic properties of type I collagen gels. Gels were exposed to genipin (0, 1, 5, or 10 mM) for a defined duration (2, 4, 6, or 12 h). Mechanical properties were characterized using parallel plate rheometry, while fluorigenic properties were examined with a spectrofluorimetric plate reader and with a standard, inverted epifluorescent microscope. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to characterize and track the crosslinking reaction in real-time. Genipin produced significant concentration- and incubation-dependent increases in the storage modulus, loss modulus, and fluorescence intensity. Storage modulus was strongly correlated to fluorescence exponentially. Minimal cytotoxicity was observed for exposure of L929 fibroblasts cultured within collagen gels to 1 mM genipin for 24 h, but significant cell death occurred for 5 and 10 mM genipin. We conclude that genipin can be used to stiffen collagen gels in a relatively short time frame, that low concentrations of genipin can be used to crosslink cell-populated collagen gels to affect cell behavior that is influenced by the mechanical properties of the tissue scaffold, and that the degree of crosslinking can be reliably assayed optically via simple fluorescence measurements.
The anti-angiogenic activity of NSITC, a specific cathepsin L inhibitor. (2009)

Increased neovasculature and resistance to chemotherapy are hallmarks of aggressive cancer; therefore, the development of approaches to simultaneously inhibit these two processes is highly desirable. Previous findings from our laboratory have demonstrated that cathepsin L plays a key role in the development of drug resistance in cancer, and that its inhibition reversed this phenomenon. The goal of the present study was to determine whether targeting cathepsin L would inhibit angiogenesis. For this, the effects of a specific cathepsin L inhibitor, Napsul-Ile-Trp-CHO (NSITC), were tested in vitro on endothelial cell proliferation and interaction with the extracellular matrix, and also in vivo, by measuring its effect on angiogenesis in the chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and mouse matrigel models. The results indicated that NSITC readily inhibits the proliferation of endothelial cells by inducing cell cycle arrest at the G(0)/G(1) phase, and suppresses cell adhesion to different substrates. Investigation of the underlying mechanism(s) indicated that NSITC was able to reduce expression of the adhesion molecule alphaVbeta3 integrin, inhibit cathepsin L-mediated degradation of the extracellular matrix, and disrupt secretion of the pro-angiogenic factors fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). NSITC demonstrated potent efficacy in inhibiting growth factor- and tumor mediated-angiogenesis in the CAM and mouse matrigel models of angiogenesis. The anti-angiogenic effects of NSITC resulted in inhibition of tumor growth in the CAM and in nude mouse xenograft models. Together, these findings provide evidence that cathepsin L plays an important role in angiogenesis and suggest that NSITC represents a potential drug for the treatment of aggressive cancer.
Liquid Crystal Alignment Effects using a Sio Thin Film (2005)

ABSTRACT We studied the nematic liquid crystal (NLC) aligning capabilities using the new alignment material of a SiO thin film. The homogenous alignment was obtained by using ion beam (IB) exposure on the SiO thin film, when positive type NLC (Δϵ > 0) was injected into the LC cell. However, the homeotropic alignment was obtained using ion beam exposure on the SiO thin film, when negative type NLC (Δϵ > 0) was injected into the LC cell. The LC aligning capability on the SiO thin film depends on the dielectric anisotropy type of LC.
Borehole and Invasion Effects of Formate-Based Mud Systems on LWD Density, Neutron, PE, and Gamma-ray Logs (2011)

Abstract The popularity of formate-brine drilling muds continues to increase as a result of the benefits in the drilling and completion stages of well construction, as well as the lessened environmental impact when compared to some other muds. Growth in use of these muds has caused operators and service companies to re-examine environmental correction algorithms because of the substantial effects these mud systems can have on nuclear logs. In addition, because formate muds generally contain lower solids than conventional muds, they can be strongly invasive. Thus, the influence of formate muds on LWD logging measurements includes both borehole environmental effects to be corrected and formation invasion effects that affect log interpretation. A combination of laboratory experiments and Monte Carlo simulations have been used to develop a better understanding of the influences formate muds have on LWD gamma-ray, density, PE, and neutron porosity logs. Several hundred lab experiments and numerical simulations have been conducted in this investigation to fully characterize LWD responses to formate muds for families of sensors comprising two collar sizes used in a large range of hole sizes. The results were used to develop borehole corrections for the nuclear logs. Formate brines are formulated to achieve a desired fluid density by using a mixture of dissolved compounds: sodium, potassium, and cesium formate. In some instances, the mixture results in a fluid with a substantially lower-than-normal hydrogen index. The mud may also have a larger-than-normal potassium concentration. Because invasion consists of nearly the whole formate mud, correct log evaluation in porous, permeable formations requires interpretation techniques that are beyond the scope of customary borehole corrections. We have taken lab measurements to attempt to quantify the effect of this invasion on LWD tool responses.
Additive-Driven Assembly of Block Copolymer–Nanoparticle Hybrid Materials for Solution Processable Floating Gate Memory (2012)

Floating gate memory devices were fabricated using well-ordered gold nanoparticle/block copolymer hybrid films as the charge trapping layers, SiO(2) as the dielectric layer, and poly(3-hexylthiophene) as the semiconductor layer. The charge trapping layer was prepared via self-assembly. The addition of Au nanoparticles that selectively hydrogen bond with pyridine in a poly(styrene-b-2-vinyl pyridine) block copolymer yields well-ordered hybrid materials at Au nanoparticle loadings up to 40 wt %. The characteristics of the memory window were tuned by simple control of the Au nanoparticle concentration. This approach enables the fabrication of well-ordered charge storage layers by solution processing, which is extendable for the fabrications of large area and high density devices via roll-to-roll processing.
Competition between Normative and Drug-Induced Virus Self-Assembly Observed with Single-Particle Methods (2018)

Disruption of virus capsid assembly has compelling antiviral potential that has been applied to hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV core protein assembly can be modulated by heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs), and such molecules are collectively termed core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs). Although the antiviral effects of CpAMs are acknowledged, the mechanism of action remains an open question. Challenging aspects of characterizing misdirected assembly are the large size and nonuniform nature of the final particles. In this study of HBV assembly, we observed a competition between normative and CpAM-induced aberrant assembly with electron microscopy and resistive-pulse sensing on nanofluidic devices. This competition was a function of the strength of the association energy between individual core proteins, which is proportional to ionic strength. At strong association energy, assembly reactions primarily yielded morphologically normal HBV capsids, despite the presence of HAP-TAMRA. At weak association energy, HAP-TAMRA led to increased assembly product size and disrupted morphology. The smallest particles were T = 4 icosahedra, whereas the larger particles were defective spheres, ellipsoids, and bacilliform cylinders, with regions of T = 4 geometry interspersed with flat regions. Deviation from spherical geometry progressively increased with particle size, which is consistent with the interpretation of a competition between two alternative assembly pathways.
A drive-free vibratory gyroscope (2011)

Computational and analytical works have shown that certain coupling schemes can lead to significant enhancements in sensitivity, accuracy, and lower costs for a wide range of sensor devices whose output and performance depends directly on the ability of individual units to generate stable limit cycle oscillations. Vibratory gyroscopes are very good candidates for this new paradigm as their accuracy and sensitivity are directly dependent on the ability of a driving signal to produce and maintain oscillations with stable amplitude, phase, and frequency. To achieve higher accuracy, we show proof of concept of a novel scheme: a drive-free coupled gyroscope system in which the coupling alone can lead to self-regulated limit cycle oscillations in the drive- and sense-axes with stable constant amplitude and phase-locking.
Development of the Hybrid Conjugated Polymer Solar Cell Based on GaN Quantum Dots (2013)

We report the hybrid p–n junction based on GaN quantum dots (QDs) as an electron transport layer and poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT) as a hole transport layer, which has not been tried for the solar cell until now. The growth of GaN QDs was achieved by the hydride vapor phase epitaxy (HVPE) technique and P3HT film sequentially was coated on the top of QDs. The overall performance of P3HT/GaN QDs hybrid heterojunction was analyzed by current density–voltage ( J – V ) characteristics and finally exhibited an open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and fill factor of 160 mV, 3.6 mA/cm 2 , and 0.25, respectively. Also, its efficiency was shown up to 0.14% in an active area of 0.04 cm 2 under AM1.5G illumination with an intensity of 100 mW cm -2 . In this paper, we discuss the factors which affect the power conversion efficiency for future works.
Roughness studies of ion beam processed molybdenum surfaces (1986)

Mechanically polished molybdenum samples have been irradiated with 150 keV molybdenum ions at fluences from zero to 16×1015 ions/cm2 to study the effects on surface smoothing. Both fluence and substrate temperature during irradiation (25, 250, and 500 °C) had considerable effects on the optical properties. Ellipsometry, profilometry, and Nomarski photography were used to characterize the surfaces. Multiple wavelength, multiple angle of incidence ellipsometry results were analyzed using effective medium approximation models, with molybdenum, molybdenum oxide, and voids as the principal constituents. Generally, we find that the reflectance calculated from the ellipsometric measurements increases continuously as a function of fluence. However, for high substrate temperature and short wavelength the reflectance as a function of fluence reaches a maximum and then decreases. Effective medium calculations indicate that there is a corresponding change in the surface roughness with fluence, and that effects due to oxides are minimal.
Structure and application of a measurement tool-SAMPLER/3000 (1981)

Design, internal structure, implementation experience and a number of unique features of the SAMPLER/3000 performance evaluation tool are presented. This package can be used to produce program CPU and wait time profiles in several levels of detail in terms of code segments, procedure names and procedure relative addresses. It also provides an accurate profile of the operating systems code which is exercised to service requests from the selective parts of the user code. Programs can be observed under natural load conditions in a single user or shared environment. A program's CPU usage is determined in terms of direct and indirect cost components. The approaches to determine direct and indirect CPU times are described. A program counter sampling technique in virtual memory domain is discussed. Certain interesting aspects of data analysis and on-line data presentation techniques are described. The features of the computer architecture, the services of the loader and compilers which relate to the operation of the tool are discussed. A case study is finally presented.
Thermomechanical properties of aluminum oxide thin films made by atomic layer deposition (2022)

In microelectromechanical system devices, thin films experience thermal processing at temperatures some cases exceeding the growth or deposition temperature of the film. In the case of the thin film grown by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at relatively low temperatures, post-ALD thermal processing or high device operation temperature might cause performance issues at device level or even device failure. In this work, residual stress and the role of intrinsic stress in ALD Al2O3 films grown from Me3Al and H2O, O3, or O2 (plasma ALD) were studied via post-ALD thermal processing. Thermal expansion coefficient was determined using thermal cycling and the double substrate method. For some samples, post-ALD thermal annealing was done in nitrogen at 300, 450, 700, or 900 °C. Selected samples were also studied for crystallinity, composition, and optical properties. Samples that were thermally annealed at 900 °C had increased residual stress value (1400–1600 MPa) upon formation of denser Al2O3 phase. The thermal expansion coefficient varied somewhat between Al2O3 made using different oxygen precursors. For thermal-Al2O3, intrinsic stress decreased with increasing growth temperature. ALD Al2O3 grown with plasma process had the lowest intrinsic stress. The results show that ALD Al2O3 grown at 200 and 300 °C is suitable for applications, where films are exposed to post-ALD thermal processing even at temperature of 700 °C without a major change in optical properties or residual stress.
Chronic Optogenetic Activation Augments Aβ Pathology in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer Disease (2015)

In vivo experimental evidence indicates that acute neuronal activation increases Aβ release from presynaptic terminals, whereas long-term effects of chronic synaptic activation on Aβ pathology remain unclear. To address this issue, we adopted optogenetics and transduced stabilized step-function opsin, a channelrhodopsin engineered to elicit a long-lasting neuronal hyperexcitability, into the hippocampal perforant pathway of APP transgenic mice. In vivo microdialysis revealed a ∼24% increase in the hippocampal interstitial fluid Aβ42 levels immediately after acute light activation. Five months of chronic optogenetic stimulation increased Aβ burden specifically in the projection area of the perforant pathway (i.e., outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus) of the stimulated side by ∼2.5-fold compared with that in the contralateral side. Epileptic seizures were observed during the course of chronic stimulation, which might have partly contributed to the Aβ pathology. These findings implicate functional abnormalities of specific neuronal circuitry in Aβ pathology and Alzheimer disease.