gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-System Integration Scheme for Intelligence Transportation System Applications (2014)

With more and more devices being introduced into vehicles to provide additional driving functionality, driving experience is seemingly getting more complex and frustrated due to an influx of individual messages. To help manage the information, individuals need a mechanism to orchestrate the operations of the in-vehicle devices so that such frustration can be eased. In this study, the authors propose an in-vehicle communication scheme for multi-system integration, where an effective system service discovery protocol is used. This proposed design also contains mutual communication methods and the data exchange methodologies for system integration. Experimental results with performance evaluation demonstrate the success of the proposed design.
Adaptive Spatial Filtering for Aeroservoelastic Response Suppression (2009)

Aeroservoelastic interactions have become a critical design consideration for meeting the increasingly demanding performance requirements imposed on aircraft designs. The traditional approach for establishing flight control system (FCS) stability margins is to use notch-filtering; this introduces phase lag that limits the FCS bandwidth, and may not be robust to changes in flight condition, aircraft configuration, or damage. We propose an adaptive spatial filtering approach that makes use of additional sensors to reduce aeroelastic interactions with the flight control system, allowing for increased control bandwidth, and greater robustness. A simple, computationally-efficient, and robust adaptation algorithm is used to optimize the spatial filtering as the system changes. A Lyapunov function is used to prove stability of the combined FCS and adaptive filter. The adaptive spatial-filtering approach is demonstrated on a simple aeroelastic model of a Boeing 747-SP, yielding attenuation of target modes of 20dB and higher without the phase lag associated with timedomain notch and low-pass filters. The ability to detect and track changes in the system is demonstrated. The adaptive spatial filter can be used in any application where minimizing control interactions with uncertain or time-variant structural dynamics is desired.
Neurotrophic factor receptor RET: structure, cell biology, and inherited diseases (2007)

RET (REarranged during Transfection) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that is activated by a complex consisting of a soluble glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family ligand (GFL) and a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-anchored co-receptor, GDNF family receptors alpha (GFRalpha). RET signalling is crucial for the development of the enteric nervous system. RET also regulates the development of sympathetic, parasympathetic, motor, and sensory neurons, and is necessary for the postnatal maintenance of dopaminergic neurons. The effect of GFLs on sensory, motor, and dopaminergic neurons has raised clinical interest towards these ligands. Outside the nervous system, RET is crucial for development of the kidney and plays a key role in spermatogenesis. Inactivating mutations in RET cause the Hirschsprung's disease characterized by megacolon aganglionosis. In contrast, activating mutations give rise to different types of cancer, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A and type 2B, familial medullary thyroid carcinoma, and papillary thyroid carcinoma. The multiple disease phenotypes correlate with differences in the molecular and cell biological functions of different oncogenic RET proteins. In this review we summarize how the different domains of the RET protein contribute to its normal function and how mutations in these domains affect the function of the receptor.
Bounds on Distance Distributions in Codes of Known Size (2005)

We treat the problem of bounding components of the possible distance distributions of codes given the knowledge of their size and possibly minimum distance. Using the Beckner inequality from harmonic analysis, we derive upper bounds on distance distribution components which are sometimes better than earlier ones due to Ashikhmin, Barg, and Litsyn. We use an alternative approach to derive upper bounds on distance distributions in linear codes. As an application of the suggested estimates we get an upper bound on the undetected error probability for an arbitrary code of given size. We also use the new bounds to derive better upper estimates on the covering radius, as well as a lower bound on the error-probability threshold, as a function of the code's size and minimum distance.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main‐Group Elements and Transition Metals. Part 80. The “Metallo‐Acid” Methyltrioxorhenium(VII): Addition of Anionic and Neutral Bases. Crystal Structure of a 2,2′‐Bipyridinium Perrhenate. (1990)

Abstract (I) reacts as a typical 14e metallo‐acid very fast with nucleophilic anions to give hexa‐ or pentacoordinated anions, depending on the size of the counterion.
Data from Involvement of the <i>RASSF1A</i> Tumor Suppressor Gene in Controlling Cell Migration (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;We have previously shown that RASSF1A associates with the microtubules. This association alters the microtubule dynamics and seems essential for RASSF1A tumor suppressive function. Mutant variants of RASSF1A that do not associate fully with the microtubules have reduced ability to stabilize them and cause cell cycle arrest. Here we show that overexpression of RASSF1A diminished the ability of A549 non–small cell lung cancer cells to migrate either through a transwell filter or to close a wound. In addition, we employed gene knockdown as well as mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from Rassf1a knockout mice to analyze RASSF1A function in controlling cell motility. A549 cells stably transfected with RASSF1A exhibited increased cell-cell adhesion and less refractive morphology compared with controls. Conversely, RASSF1A knockdown in HeLa caused loss of cell-cell adhesion and a more refractive morphology. RASSF1A-depleted HeLa cells as well as Rassf1a&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; MEFs displayed increased cell migration that could be partly phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase dependent. Time-lapse microscopy showed the RASSF1A-depleted cells are highly motile with fibroblast-like morphology and diminished cell-cell adhesion. Staining of the cytoskeleton in RASSF1A-depleted HeLa cells and MEFs show marked differences in terms of microtubules outgrowth and actin stress fibers formation. This observation was associated with increased activation of Rac1 in RASSF1A-knockdown cells and the Rassf1a&lt;sup&gt;−/−&lt;/sup&gt; MEFs. In addition, expression of a dominant-negative variant of Rac1 in the RASSF1A-depleted HeLa cells reduced their ability to form lamellipodia and other protrusions. These findings represent a novel function for RASSF1A, which may help explain its tumor suppression ability independently of its effects on cell cycle and apoptosis.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Optical Applications And Improved Deposition Processes For Diamond-Like Carbon Coatings (1989)

This paper describes the development and testing of diamond-like carbon coatings using an RF glow discharge technique. Methods used to nucleate the diamond phase to reduce the growth of graphitic impurities and to improve the deposition process are discussed. Various optical, mechanical and medical applications of the coating are included.
Conversion of Normal Ly‐1‐Positive B‐Lineage Cells into Ly‐1‐Positive Macrophages in Long‐Term Bone Marrow Cultures (1990)

We obtained eight different cell lines in the long-term bone marrow culture system that showed a germ-line configuration of the joining (J) region segments of the Ig heavy-chain (IgH) genes. Their surface markers were CD45R+, Ly-1+, Lyb-2+, cIgM-, sIgM-, Ia-, Thy-1-, Mac-1-, and IL-2R (Tac)+. Use of very young mice and the presence of IL-5 were important for preferential promotion of the survival of B-lineage lymphocytes bearing the Ly-1 markers. When we treated two of them (J8 and J10) with 5-azacytidine for 24 h followed by co-culture with stromal cells and IL-5, they became Ly-1+, sIgM+ B cells, and Ly-1+, Mac-1+ macrophagelike cells, respectively. After other early lymphoid lines (J1, J8, and J13) were maintained by co-culture with ST2 and IL-5 for more than a year, they showed a heterogeneous DNA rearrangement profile of the J region segment of the IgH gene, although only J13 rearranged the kappa-light chain gene. Northern blot analysis revealed that these cell lines expressed C mu-mRNA, and lambda 5-mRNA, consistent with normal pre-B cells. Intriguingly, J1, J8, and J13 expressed c-fms mRNA constitutively. When J13 cells were co-cultured with ST2 and GM-CSF in place of ST2 and IL-5, they acquired Mac-1 expression and retained Ly-1 expression. They were morphologically macrophages, nonspecific-esterase-positive, and showed phagocytosis of latex beads. These results support evidence for a close relationship between the myeloid and Ly-1+ B-cell pathways of differentiation, and indicate that our IL-5-dependent clones are multipotential intermediates in differentiation from pro-B cells to B cells and macrophages.
Adaptive optics for high-resolution microscopy: wave front sensing using back scattered light (2012)

Adaptive optics have been used to compensate the detrimental effects of aberrations in a range of high resolution microscopes. Aberration measurement has been implemented in various way, using direct wave front sensing or indirect optimisation methods. We investigate how backscattered laser illumination can be used as the source for direct wave front sensing using a pinhole filtered Shack Hartmann wave front sensor. It is found that the sensor produces linear response to input aberrations for a given specimen. The gradient of this response is dependent upon experimental configuration and specimen structure. The double pass nature of the microscope system leads to lower sensitivity to odd-symmetry aberration modes.
GMPLS Signalling Extensions for control of B100G OTUCn/ODUCn Network (2017)

This document provides extensions to GMPLS signalling to control the
B100G OTUCn/ODUCn Network, as a result of the introduction of new
beyond 100G OTUCn/ODUCn signals in ITU-T Recommendation G.709
[G.709-2016].
How does the differential pathlength factor for steady-state near-infrared spectroscopy of homogeneous medium vary with geometry? (2015)

We estimate analytically how much the differential pathlength factor for steady-state near-infrared spectroscopy of homogeneous medium varies when evaluated in geometries including sphere as applying to neonatal head, comparing to that in the semi-infinite half-space.
Assessing the appropriateness of using markov decision processes for RF spectrum management (2013)

The stochastic nature of wireless communication suggests a Markov Decision Process (MDP) as a formalism for identifying and evaluating spectrum control policies. However, in practice numerous factors influence the success or failure of a transmission, so that the applicability of particular MDP models to real spectrum management problems must itself be examined. This paper presents a series of model validation studies in which correspondence between an MDP model and a discrete-event simulation (DES) model is evaluated. We test several hypotheses that together provide a foundation and an exemplar for the idea of using MDPs to guide management of shared spectrum. We conclude that there is sufficient similarity between the performance predictions made by the MDP model and the DES model that MDPs can be used effectively to determine spectrum control policies.
The Chemistry of Isopyrene (Azuleno[2,1,8-ija]azulene). Oxidations (1987)

Abstract The nonbenzenoid aromatic hydrocarbon isopyrene undergoes some exceptional—synthetically useful—oxidative transformations, in accord with theoretical arguments, it reacts with bidentate oxidants preferentially at the “central C=C bond” to give bridged [H]annulenes with an anthracene perimeter.
Application of three-coordinate copper(i) complexes with halide ligands in organic light-emitting diodes that exhibit delayed fluorescence (2014)

A series of three-coordinate copper(I) complexes (L(Me))CuX [X = Cl (1), Br (2), I (3)], (L(Et))CuBr (4), and (L(iPr))CuBr (5) [L(Me) = 1,2-bis[bis(2-methylphenyl)phosphino]benzene, L(Et) = 1,2-bis[bis(2-ethylphenyl)phosphino]benzene, and L(iPr) = 1,2-bis[bis(2-isopropylphenyl)phosphino]benzene] exhibit efficient blue-green emission in the solid state at ambient temperature with peak wavelengths between 473 and 517 nm. The emission quantum yields were 0.38-0.95. The emission lifetimes were measured in the temperature range of 77-295 K using a nanosecond laser technique. The temperature dependence of the emission lifetimes was explained using a model with two excited states: a singlet and a triplet state. The small energy gaps (<830 cm(-1)) between the two states suggest that efficient emission from 1-5 was thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). Alkyl substituents at ortho positions of peripheral phenyl groups were found to have little effect on the electronic excited states. Because the origin of the emission of complexes 2, 4, and 5 was thought to be a (σ + Br)→π* transition, photoluminescence characteristics of these complexes were dominated by the diphosphine ligands. Complexes 2, 4, and 5 had similar emission properties. Complexes 1-5 had efficient green TADF in amorphous films at 293 K with maximum emission wavelengths of 508-520 nm and quantum yields of 0.61-0.71. Organic light-emitting devices that contained complexes 1-5 and exhibited TADF exhibit bright green luminescence with current efficiencies of 55.6-69.4 cd A(-1) and maximum external quantum efficiencies of 18.6-22.5%.
ADCIRC: An Advanced Three-Dimensional Circulation Model for Shelves, Coasts, and Estuaries. Report 2. User's Manual for ADCIRC-2DDI (1994)

This report describes the use of model ADCIRC-2DDI, a two- dimensional, depth-integrated, finite-element-based hydrodynamic circulation code. ADCIRC-2DDI solves the shallow-water equations in their full nonlinear form and can be forced with elevation boundary conditions, zero normal boundary fluxes, variable spatial and temporal free surface stress and atmospheric pressure forcing functions in addition to Coriolis and tidal potential forcing terms. The algorithms that comprise ADCIRC-2DDI allow for extremely flexible spatial discretizations, which results in a highly effective minimization of the discrete size of any problem. Furthermore, these algorithms show good stability characteristics, generate no spurious artificial modes, have no inherent artificial damping, and are extremely efficient. The resulting model can be applied to computational domains ranging from the deep ocean to estuaries. Furthermore, the model is able to efficiently run months to years of simulation while providing detailed intra-tidal response characteristics. A compete description of all user aspects is given in this document, including code setup and a description of all input and output files. Both model-specific and general modeling practices are discussed. Finally, two examples are presented. Sample input and output files for these examples are included in Appendices A and B. Circulation model, Numerical model, Finite element method, Two-dimensional model, Hydrodynamic model, User's Manual.
Studies on organic fluorine compounds. XLVI. Synthesis of 4-trifluoromethyl-2(5H)-furanone and 4-trifluoromethyl-N-substituted dihydropyrrol-2-ones. (1985)

4-Trifluoromethyl-2 (5H)-furanone (2) and 4-trifluoromethyl-N-substituted dihydropyrrol-2-ones (4) were effectively prepared from ethyl (Z)-4-bromo-3-trifluoromethyl-2-butenoate (1). The dihydropyrrol-2-ones (4) were found to consist of the Δ3-and/or Δ4-form, and the electronic nature of the substituent on nitrogen affected the isomer ratio.
Atopic profile of patients failing medical therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis (2011)

In our series of patients failing medical therapy for CRS, we found higher rates of atopy compared with the general population but not compared with rhinitis patients. CRSwNP patients with medically refractory sinusitis were more likely to have multiple positive skin tests and asthma as compared to the general population or patients with either CRSsNP or rhinitis. Host barrier dysfunction may play a role in enabling multisensitization.
Partial Oxidation of Ethane to Oxygenates Using Fe- and Cu-Containing ZSM-5 (2013)

Iron and copper containing ZSM-5 catalysts are effective for the partial oxidation of ethane with hydrogen peroxide giving combined oxygenate selectivities and productivities of up to 95.2% and 65 mol kgcat(-1) h(-1), respectively. High conversion of ethane (ca. 56%) to acetic acid (ca. 70% selectivity) can be observed. Detailed studies of this catalytic system reveal a complex reaction network in which the oxidation of ethane gives a range of C2 oxygenates, with sequential C-C bond cleavage generating C1 products. We demonstrate that ethene is also formed and can be subsequently oxidized. Ethanol can be directly produced from ethane, and does not originate from the decomposition of its corresponding alkylperoxy species, ethyl hydroperoxide. In contrast to our previously proposed mechanism for methane oxidation over similar zeolite catalysts, the mechanism of ethane oxidation involves carbon-based radicals, which lead to the high conversions we observe.
Ultra miniature UHF antenna with concurrent frequency and radiation pattern tunability (2011)

An ultra-miniature single access antenna has been designed, simulated and realized on FR4 substrate, covering the full UHF band with a second order radiation pattern diversity. The important antenna size reduction (sizes <;λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> /34.6 at the lowest frequency) has been obtained by combining two technologies: 1- the twisted slot antenna and 2- the use of tunable components for both frequency and radiation pattern tuning.
200W 2nd harmonic of DPSS YAG laser for poly-Si TFT manufacture (2004)

200 W of output power was generated by a 2nd harmonic of a Q-switched diode-pumped solid-state Nd:YAG laser at a repetition rate of 4 kHz
ChemInform Abstract: Past and Future Perspectives of Synthetic Peptide Libraries (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and calibration of an electrostatic energy analyzer-time-of-flight mass spectrometer for measurement of laser-desorbed ion kinetic energies (1995)

The design of a hybrid electrostatic energy analyzer-time-of-flight mass spectrometer for measurement of ion kinetic energies produced by laser desorption ionization is presented. The need for experimental evaluation of the calibration and performance of the instrument is discussed and a novel laser multiphoton ionization technique, which allows experimental calibration of the energy bandpass of the electrostatic energy analyzer, is described. Laser multiphoton ionization at varying electric field strengths also allows the effects of electric field distortions on energy resolution of the instrument to be probed. Measurement of the translational energies of ions produced by 266-nm laser desorption ionization at 48 mJ/cm(2) of material adsorbed to a stainless steel probe by using this instrument also is presented. Ion translational energies of +19±5, +10±5, and +10±5 eV are found for adsorbed Na(+), K(+), and m-xylene M(+), respectively.
Sequence terminus dependent PCR for site-specific mutation and modification detection (2023)

The detection of changes in nucleic acid sequences at specific sites remains a critical challenge in epigenetics, diagnostics and therapeutics. To date, such assays often require extensive time, expertise and infrastructure for their implementation, limiting their application in clinical settings. Here we demonstrate a generalizable method, named Specific Terminal Mediated Polymerase Chain Reaction (STEM-PCR) for the detection of DNA modifications at specific sites, in a similar way as DNA sequencing techniques, but using simple and widely accessible PCR-based workflows. We apply the technique to both for site-specific methylation and co-methylation analysis, importantly using a bisulfite-free process - so providing an ease of sample processing coupled with a sensitivity 20-fold better than current gold-standard techniques. To demonstrate the clinical applicability through the detection of single base mutations with high sensitivity and no-cross reaction with the wild-type background, we show the bisulfite-free detection of SEPTIN9 and SFRP2 gene methylation in patients (as key biomarkers in the prognosis and diagnosis of tumours).
Electroresponsive nanoparticles for drug delivery on demand (2016)

The potential of electroresponsive conducting polymer nanoparticles to be used as general drug delivery systems that allow electrically pulsed, linearly scalable, and on demand release of incorporated drugs is demonstrated. As examples, facile release from polypyrrole nanoparticles is shown for fluorescein, a highly water-soluble model compound, piroxicam, a lipophilic small molecule drug, and insulin, a large hydrophilic peptide hormone. The drug loading is about 13 wt% and release is accomplished in a few seconds by applying a weak constant current or voltage. To identify the parameters that should be finely tuned to tailor the carrier system for the release of the therapeutic molecule of interest, a systematic study of the factors that affect drug delivery is performed, using fluorescein as a model compound. The parameters studied include current, time, voltage, pH, temperature, particle concentration, and ionic strength. Results indicate that there are several degrees of freedom that can be optimized for efficient drug delivery. The ability to modulate linearly drug release from conducting polymers with the applied stimulus can be utilized to design programmable and minimally invasive drug delivery devices.
Generation of Large Pore Channels for Bone Tissue Engineering Using Camphene‐Based Freeze Casting (2007)

The present study reports an innovative way to produce large pore channels with a size &gt;100 μm for applications in bone tissue engineering using the camphene‐based freeze casting method, and using an unusually high freezing temperature, which is close to the solidification temperature of the slurry, in order to allow the formation of excessively overgrown camphene dendrites due to the extremely low solidification velocity. To accomplish this, hydroxyapatite (HA)/slurries with various solid loadings (10, 15, and 20 vol%) were frozen at 35°C for 20 h. The frozen samples were freeze dried and sintered at 1250°C for 3 h. All of the fabricated samples showed highly porous structures with large pore channels &gt;100 μm in size and dense HA walls without any noticeable defects, such as cracks or pores. As the initial solid loading was increased from 10 to 20 vol%, the porosity of the sample decreased linearly from 76% to 55%, while the pore channels became narrower. However, the compressive strength was remarkably improved from 2.5 to 16.7 MPa.