gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Left to right serial multiplier for large numbers on FPGA (2009)

A new high precision serial multiplier with Most Significant Digit First (MSDF) is presented. This one uses a Borrow-Save (BS) adder to perform the reduction of large length partials products required by the multiplication of large numbers. The results are converted from BS form to the 2's complement representation by the on-the-fly conversion which let the conversion of the digit result as soon as it is obtained. It is shown that the comparison between the residual and these constants (-3/2, -1/2, 1/2 and 3/2) needed in the radix-2 on line multiplication, present problem in high precision computation. However, in the proposed method the operands are introduced digit by digit with MSDF mode and results are obtained in the same manner with fixed time delay independently of the operand size. So, this approach is advantageously used for the long multiplication computation. This method has been tested by the execution of a program developed with Maple 9.5 for several test vectors. The results of the implementation of this multiplier for several operands sizes (128, 256, 512, and 1024) on Virtex-II FPGA Circuit confirm that the multiplication is performed in constant time.
ChemInform Abstract: The Effects of Structure on the Catalytic Activity and Selectivity of V2O5/TiO2 for the Reduction of NO by NH3 (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Goblet Cell-Derived Resistin-Like Molecule β Augments CD4+ T Cell Production of IFN-γ and Infection-Induced Intestinal Inflammation (2008)

The secreted goblet cell-derived protein resistin-like molecule beta (RELMbeta) has been implicated in divergent functions, including a direct effector function against parasitic helminths and a pathogenic function in promoting inflammation in models of colitis and ileitis. However, whether RELMbeta influences CD4(+) T cell responses in the intestine is unknown. Using a natural model of intestinal inflammation induced by chronic infection with gastrointestinal helminth Trichuris muris, we identify dual functions for RELMbeta in augmenting CD4(+) Th1 cell responses and promoting infection-induced intestinal inflammation. Following exposure to low-dose Trichuris, wild-type C57BL/6 mice exhibit persistent infection associated with robust IFN-gamma production and intestinal inflammation. In contrast, infected RELMbeta(-/-) mice exhibited a significantly reduced expression of parasite-specific CD4(+) T cell-derived IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha and failed to develop Trichuris-induced intestinal inflammation. In in vitro T cell differentiation assays, recombinant RELMbeta activated macrophages to express MHC class II and secrete IL-12/23p40 and enhanced their ability to mediate Ag-specific IFN-gamma expression in CD4(+) T cells. Taken together, these data suggest that goblet cell-macrophage cross-talk, mediated in part by RELMbeta, can promote adaptive CD4(+) T cell responses and chronic inflammation following intestinal helminth infection.
Redundant Arrays and Next‐Generation Sensors (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction and Need for Redundancy Sensor Redundancy Next-Generation Electrochemical Sensors Future Outlook References
ChemInform Abstract: Interaction Model Based on Local Protein Substructures Generalizes to the Entire Structural Enzyme‐Ligand Space. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A simple system for on-die measurement of atto-Farad capacitance (2011)

Charge Injection Error Free (CIEF) Charge-Base Capacitance Measurement (CBCM) technique provides a simple way for accurate measurements of on-chip interconnect parasitic capacitance. We report here for the first time capacitance measurements of on-chip interconnect with resolution values of 1aF or better. We analyze the setup requirements to allow such capability, and show stable coupling capacitance measurement results at the 1aF resolution.
A Closer Look at Deep Learning Heuristics: Learning rate restarts, Warmup and Distillation (2018)

The convergence rate and final performance of common deep learning models have significantly benefited from heuristics such as learning rate schedules, knowledge distillation, skip connections, and normalization layers. In the absence of theoretical underpinnings, controlled experiments aimed at explaining these strategies can aid our understanding of deep learning landscapes and the training dynamics. Existing approaches for empirical analysis rely on tools of linear interpolation and visualizations with dimensionality reduction, each with their limitations. Instead, we revisit such analysis of heuristics through the lens of recently proposed methods for loss surface and representation analysis, viz., mode connectivity and canonical correlation analysis (CCA), and hypothesize reasons for the success of the heuristics. In particular, we explore knowledge distillation and learning rate heuristics of (cosine) restarts and warmup using mode connectivity and CCA. Our empirical analysis suggests that: (a) the reasons often quoted for the success of cosine annealing are not evidenced in practice; (b) that the effect of learning rate warmup is to prevent the deeper layers from creating training instability; and (c) that the latent knowledge shared by the teacher is primarily disbursed to the deeper layers.
Decoding 3-D Reach and Grasp Kinematics From High-Frequency Local Field Potentials in Primate Primary Motor Cortex (2010)

Intracortical microelectrode array recordings generate a variety of neural signals with potential application as control signals in neural interface systems. Previous studies have focused on single and multiunit activity (MUA), as well as low-frequency local field potentials (LFPs), but have not explored higher frequency (>200 Hz) LFPs. In addition, the potential to decode 3-D reach and grasp kinematics based on LFPs has not been demonstrated. Here, we use mutual information and decoding analyses to probe the information content about 3-D reaching and grasping of seven different LFP frequency bands in the range of 0.3-400 Hz. LFPs were recorded via 96-microelectrode arrays in primary motor cortex (M1) of two monkeys performing free reaching to grasp moving objects. Mutual information analyses revealed that higher frequency bands (e.g., 100-200 and 200-400 Hz) carried the most information about the examined kinematics. Furthermore, Kalman filter decoding revealed that broad-band high frequency LFPs, likely reflecting MUA, provided the best decoding performance as well as substantial accuracy in reconstructing reach kinematics, grasp aperture, and aperture velocity. These results indicate that LFPs, especially high frequency bands, could be useful signals for neural interfaces controlling 3-D reach and grasp kinematics.
Electric Field Driven Addressing of Oil-in-Water Droplets in the Presence of Gradients of Ionic and Nonionic Surfactants (2016)

We deal with controlled transport (addressing) of dielectric kerosene droplets dispersed on water surface by dc electric field in the presence of surfactants. Experimental planar microfluidic platform with a central chamber and two electrode compartments enables formation of concentration gradients of cationic, anionic, or nonionic surfactants. We show that a kerosene droplet always moves away from the surfactant reservoir due to the Marangoni phenomenon. The release of ionic surfactants can be well controlled by imposed electric field. Once surfactant molecules reach the surface of the water phase, the Marangoni phenomenon pulls the kerosene droplet in the direction from the surfactant reservoir. Thus, the observed mechanism does not rely on the classical electrophoretic migration of charged macroscopic objects-droplets. As the dependence of droplet motion on the absolute value of electric field strength is linear, apparent droplet mobilities are evaluated. Finally, we discuss the use of the observed phenomenon for droplet addressing in fluidic systems.
The first automated synthesis of ferrocene‐labelled phosphorothioate DNA probe: A new potential tool for the fabrication of DNA microarrays (2005)

We report the synthesis and the characterisation of the first electroactive ferrocene-labelled oligonucleotide phosphorothioate (ODN-Fc-Ps) probe obtained by automated synthesis. The grafting of ODN-Fc-Ps probe on gold electrode resulted in the appearance of the ferrocene redox couple in cyclic voltammetry confirming the effectiveness of the ODN grafting. The electrochemical response of the modified electrode was analysed in aqueous media before and after hybridisation with ODN target. The hybridisation with ODN target induces a large conformational change in the surface-confined DNA structure monitored by cyclic voltammetry of the ferrocene marker which confirms the potential of ferrocene-labelled oligonucleotide phosphorothioate to develop electrochemical DNA chips.
Hyperpolarized Long-T1 Silicon Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2009)

Silicon nanoparticles are experimentally investigated as a potential hyperpolarized, targetable MRI imaging agent. Nuclear T_1 times at room temperature for a variety of Si nanoparticles are found to be remarkably long (10^2 to 10^4 s) - roughly consistent with predictions of a core-shell diffusion model - allowing them to be transported, administered and imaged on practical time scales without significant loss of polarization. We also report surface functionalization of Si nanoparticles, comparable to approaches used in other biologically targeted nanoparticle systems.
A robust automatic boundary detection method for azimuthal borehole images acquired in horizontal and high-angle wells (2017)

An automatic boundary detection method is developed to extract bed boundaries and construct a corresponding earth model from azimuthal borehole images acquired in horizontal and high-angle wells. To increase the confidence of the extracted earth model, basic geological principles are considered in the theory of this method. The method is robust, and it can detect primary bed boundaries in horizontal wells even in complex borehole images and/or with large noise. This method has been validated with several field data sets. Compared to the conventional approaches, such as the manual dip-picking process, this automatic method not only saves turnaround time required to build an earth model for petrophysical interpretation, but also reduces the uncertainties caused by user bias. Presentation Date: Wednesday, September 27, 2017 Start Time: 1:50 PM Location: 362D Presentation Type: ORAL
Patterning half-wavelength DRAM cell using chromeless phase lithography (CPL) (2002)

For each generation of DRAM cell layout design to achieve ever higher device density packing, tighter pitched array cell patterns are required. Very tight-pitched patterns present a great imaging challenge for sub-100nm devices. In order to pattern the cell patterns using KrF exposure, it is necessary to make use of resolution enhancement techniques (RET) such as phase shifting mask (PSM), off-axis illumination (OAI), and optical proximity correction (OPC). At k<SUB>1</SUB> approximately 0.3 imaging, we have found a combination of PSM, OAI, and OPC that allows the most robust manufacturing process. In this paper, we have applied chromeless phase lithography (CPL) with OPC on the critical DRAM cell layers, such as capacitor node and contacts. The methodology of manipulating CPL image contrast by using phase cancelling effect is proposed. The mask design flow are discussed along with the consideration of data preparation and mask manufacturing complexity for CPL. The patterning performance has been characterized by using both simulation and experimental data from printed resist wafer. Using CPL mask with optimized OAI, a 0.8 NA 248nm exposure system is well capable of printing sub-100nm DRAM cell patterns.
Data from The Impact of Smoking and TP53 Mutations in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients with Targetable Mutations—The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC2) (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Multiplex genomic profiling is standard of care for patients with advanced lung adenocarcinomas. The Lung Cancer Mutation Consortium (LCMC) is a multi-institutional effort to identify and treat oncogenic driver events in patients with lung adenocarcinomas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Sixteen U.S. institutions enrolled 1,367 patients with lung cancer in LCMC2; 904 were deemed eligible and had at least one of 14 cancer-related genes profiled using validated methods including genotyping, massively parallel sequencing, and IHC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The use of targeted therapies in patients with &lt;i&gt;EGFR, ERBB2,&lt;/i&gt; or &lt;i&gt;BRAF&lt;/i&gt; p.V600E mutations, &lt;i&gt;ALK, ROS1&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;RET&lt;/i&gt; rearrangements, or &lt;i&gt;MET&lt;/i&gt; amplification was associated with a survival increment of 1.5 years compared with those with such mutations not receiving targeted therapy, and 1.0 year compared with those lacking a targetable driver. Importantly, 60 patients with a history of smoking derived similar survival benefit from targeted therapy for alterations in &lt;i&gt;EGFR&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;ALK&lt;/i&gt;/&lt;i&gt;ROS1&lt;/i&gt;, when compared with 75 never smokers with the same alterations. In addition, coexisting &lt;i&gt;TP53&lt;/i&gt; mutations were associated with shorter survival among patients with &lt;i&gt;EGFR, ALK&lt;/i&gt;, or &lt;i&gt;ROS1&lt;/i&gt; alterations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with adenocarcinoma of the lung and an oncogenic driver mutation treated with effective targeted therapy have a longer survival, regardless of prior smoking history. Molecular testing should be performed on all individuals with lung adenocarcinomas irrespective of clinical characteristics. Routine use of massively parallel sequencing enables detection of both targetable driver alterations and tumor suppressor gene and other alterations that have potential significance for therapy selection and as predictive markers for the efficacy of treatment. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 24(5); 1038–47. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Five-minute analysis of chemotherapy drugs and metabolites in saliva: evaluating dosage (2004)

Traditional cancer treatment, surgical removal and gamma- or x-ray irradiation, is often augmented by the use of chemotherapy drugs. Theses drugs prevent cancer cell growth through a variety of biochemical mechanisms, but are not target specific and kill other cells. Consequently, the amount administered has a narrow range of safe and effective use. Furthermore, because of the dangerous side-effects of these drugs, clinical trials can not be performed, and a statistical basis for dosage is not available. Instead, the concentration of the drugs and their metabolites are monitored during treatment of cancer patients, Unfortunately current practices require 10-20 mL of blood per analysis, and multiple samples to profile pharmacokinetics may further jeopardize the patient's health. Saliva analysis has long been considered an attractive alternative, but the large sample volumes are difficult to obtain. In an effort to overcome this limitation we have been investigating metal-doped sol-gels to both separate drugs and their metabolites from saliva and generate surface-enhanced Raman spectra. We have incorporated the sol-gel in a disposable pipette format, and generally no more than two drops (100 &mu;L) of sample are required. The detailed molecular vibrational information allows chemical identification, while the increase in Raman scattering by four to six orders of magnitude allows detection of nanomolar concentrations. Preliminary measurements will be presented.
Microvesicle-Mediated Delivery of Minicircle DNA Results in Effective Gene-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Cancer Therapy (2019)

An emerging approach for cancer treatment employs the use of extracellular vesicles, specifically exosomes and microvesicles, as delivery vehicles. We previously demonstrated that microvesicles can functionally deliver plasmid DNA to cells and showed that plasmid size and sequence, in part, determine the delivery efficiency. In this study, delivery vehicles comprised of microvesicles loaded with engineered minicircle (MC) DNA that encodes prodrug converting enzymes developed as a cancer therapy in mammary carcinoma models. We demonstrated that MCs can be loaded into shed microvesicles with greater efficiency than their parental plasmid counterparts and that microvesicle-mediated MC delivery led to significantly higher and more prolonged transgene expression in recipient cells than microvesicles loaded with the parental plasmid. Microvesicles loaded with MCs encoding a thymidine kinase (TK)/nitroreductase (NTR) fusion protein produced prolonged TK-NTR expression in mammary carcinoma cells. <i>In vivo</i> delivery of TK-NTR and administration of prodrugs led to the effective killing of both targeted cells and surrounding tumor cells via TK-NTR-mediated conversion of codelivered prodrugs into active cytotoxic agents. <i>In vivo</i> evaluation of the bystander effect in mouse models demonstrated that for effective therapy, at least 1% of tumor cells need to be delivered with TK-NTR-encoding MCs. These results suggest that MC delivery via microvesicles can mediate gene transfer to an extent that enables effective prodrug conversion and tumor cell death such that it comprises a promising approach to cancer therapy.
A substrate-driven allosteric switch that enhances PDI catalytic activity (2016)

Abstract Protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) is an oxidoreductase essential for folding proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. The domain structure of PDI is a–b–b′–x–a′, wherein the thioredoxin-like a and a′ domains mediate disulfide bond shuffling and b and b′ domains are substrate binding. The b′ and a′ domains are connected via the x-linker, a 19-amino-acid flexible peptide. Here we identify a class of compounds, termed bepristats, that target the substrate-binding pocket of b′. Bepristats reversibly block substrate binding and inhibit platelet aggregation and thrombus formation in vivo. Ligation of the substrate-binding pocket by bepristats paradoxically enhances catalytic activity of a and a′ by displacing the x-linker, which acts as an allosteric switch to augment reductase activity in the catalytic domains. This substrate-driven allosteric switch is also activated by peptides and proteins and is present in other thiol isomerases. Our results demonstrate a mechanism whereby binding of a substrate to thiol isomerases enhances catalytic activity of remote domains.
ChemInform Abstract: 3,4‐Alkylenedioxypyrroles: Functionalized Derivatives (I) and (II) as Monomers for New Electron‐Rich Conducting and Electroactive Polymers. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Reaction of aryl nitrones with thionyl chloride or phosgene (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReaction of aryl nitrones with thionyl chloride or phosgeneDennis Liotta, A. David Baker, Francine Weinstein, Diane Felsen, Robert Engel, and Norman L. GoldmanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 19, 3445–3446Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00959a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00959a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Introduction of photonic crystal structure into organic light-emitting diode (2005)

An Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) is very promising device for a flat panel display and an illumination applications due to the possibility of very thin and flexible structures, large area emission, high brightness and low power consumption. To realize a high efficiency is one of the most important issues for these applications. Improvements in OLED efficiency are studied via the introduction of photonic crystal (PC) structures, which are expected to realize the versatile control of light. We fabricate two-dimensional PC structures in the organic and indium-tin-oxide anode layers in which most of the light is confined. This results in light extraction from the waveguide mode. Improvements of 20 and 130% are observed in the spectrally-integrated intensity and the peak intensity, respectively, in comparison with samples without PCs. As the thickness of the organic layer is reduced, lower operating voltages are found to maintain the light-extraction efficiency. We can expect further improvement in the overall efficiency by optimizing this structure.
Multiple genes controlling superoxide dismutase expression in maize (1982)

Three electrophoretic variants of maize superoxide dismutase (SOD) were identified following an electrophoretic survey of several hundred lines of maize. These variants were used to study the genetic control of SOD isozymes in maize. The three unlinked nuclear genes Sod1, Sod3, and Sod4 control the expression of SOD-1, SOD-3, and SOD-4, respectively. The Sod1B and Sod3B mutations do not significantly affect the compartmentation of their respective organellar superoxide dismutases. The homodimeric super-oxide dismutases were found to exchange subunits spontaneously at 4°C to form heterodimers but these hybrid molecules could only be detected by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Heterotetrameric forms of SOD-3 were detected in seedlings with the Sod3B allele.