gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Orthogonal Sensors for the Trace Detection of Explosives (2019)

There is a growing need for an electronic trace detection system that can continuously monitor explosives at trace levels in the vapor phase. Triacetone triperoxide (TATP) is a common explosive used by terrorists as the initiator or the energetic material in improvised explosive devices. TATP still goes largely undetected in many densely populated public venues. Currently, no detection system exists that is capable of continuously monitoring TATP, as well as nitrogen-based explosives such as 2,4-dinitrotoluene. We have demonstrated a thermodynamic sensor platform employing thin film microheaters and metal oxide catalysts that can detect TATP and 2,4-DNT at the parts per billion (ppb) level. The microheaters and catalysts were deposited onto ultrathin alumina ceramic substrates, which are responsible for extraordinary sensitivity. Recently, we have added a conductometric sensor platform to this thermodynamic platform to form an orthogonal sensor capable of interrogating the same catalyst using two different modalities. The orthogonal sensor probes the same catalyst using a thermodynamic protocol, as well as a conductometric protocol where electrical resistivity changes in the catalyst are measured as a function of analyte exposure. The advantages of this added orthogonality in terms of mitigating false-positives and negatives are described within.
MAC layer design for concurrent transmissions in millimeter wave WLANs (2017)

High frequency and very high throughput wireless local area networks have turned to be an essential need due to the likely substantial world increase of the WiFi public hotspots and the existing internet traffic. Due to the these challenges, an efficient solution is required for the current IEEE 802.11 standards to meet the predicted growth of wireless traffic and the number of WiFi networks in the world. In this paper, practical and efficient concurrent downlink transmission medium access control (MAC) layer design is proposed for the millimeter wave wireless local area networks (WLANs) based on both the IEEE 802.11ad system and spatial multiplexing technique. Particularly, a pre-defined virtual grouping (PDVG) scheduling approach is designed to schedule concurrent downlink links based on the analog beamforming information of the IEEE 802.11ad. The PDVG approach can attain and select concurrent stations (STNs) with no additional computational overhead. We demonstrate via simulations that the proposed algorithm can enhance the throughput and save the available time of the service period (SP) for the IEEE 802.11ad, without adding extra feedback overhead to the beamforming operation time in the system.
Discovery of Imidazole-Based Inhibitors of Plasmodium falciparum cGMP-Dependent Protein Kinase (2021)

The discovery of new targets for the treatment of malaria, in particular those aimed at the pre-erythrocytic stage in the life cycle, advanced with the demonstration that orally administered inhibitors of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PfPKG) could clear infection in a murine model. This enthusiasm was tempered by unsatisfactory safety and/or pharmacokinetic issues found with these chemotypes. To address the urgent need for new scaffolds, this paper presents initial structure-activity relationships in an imidazole scaffold at four positions, representative <i>in vitro</i> ADME, hERG characterization, and cell-based antiparasitic activity. This series of PfPKG inhibitors has good <i>in vitro</i> PfPKG potency, low hERG activity, and cell-based antiparasitic activity against multiple <i>Plasmodium</i> species that appears to be correlated with the <i>in vitro</i> potency.
Identification of regulators of the myofibroblast phenotype of primary dermal fibroblasts from early diffuse systemic sclerosis patients (2019)

Systemic sclerosis (SSc or scleroderma) is an auto-immune disease characterized by skin fibrosis. While primary cells from patients are considered as a unique resource to better understand human disease biology, the effect of in vitro culture on these cells and their evaluation as a platform to identify disease regulators remain poorly characterized. The goal of our studies was to provide insights into the utility of SSc dermal fibroblast primary cells for therapeutic target discovery. The disease phenotypes of freshly isolated and in vitro cultured SSc dermal fibroblasts were characterized using whole transcriptome profiling, alpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) expression and cell impedance. SSc dermal fibroblasts retained most of the molecular disease phenotype upon in vitro culture for at least four cell culture passages (approximatively 10 cell doublings). We validated an RNA interference high throughput assay that successfully identified genes affecting the myofibroblast phenotype of SSc skin fibroblasts. These genes included MKL1, RHOA and LOXL2 that were previously proposed as therapeutic anti-fibrotic target, and ITGA5, that has been less studied in fibrosis biology and may be a novel potential modifier of SSc fibroblast biology. Together our results demonstrated the value of carefully-phenotyped SSc dermal fibroblasts as a platform for SSc target and drug discovery.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Reactions of 3‐(Bromomethyl)‐1‐carbethoxy‐4‐iodoindole: The Preparation of 3,4‐Differentially Substituted Indoles. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Multi-frame optimized quantization for high efficiency video coding (2015)

In video coding, the coding decisions made during the encoding of a reference frame impact the achievable rate distortion performance of all inter-predicted frames which refer to it. Most encoders operate frame-by-frame and do not specifically consider this inter-dependency. In this paper, a multi-frame transform coefficient optimization method for H.265/HEVC is proposed. The inter-frame dependencies are described using a linear signal model, such that the optimization problem can be cast in the form of an ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -regularized least squares problem. A simple functional relationship between the regularization parameter and the quantization paramter is empirically found. Bit rate savings are in the range of 7-10% for a simple IPPP... prediction structure and about 3% for a random access configuration.
[Binocularity after treatment for constant exotropia]. (1994)

We studied the binocularity of cured chronic exotropic patients and discussed the critical period of gross stereopsis and its vulnerability. An infant, developing chronic exotropia associated with myasthenia gravis at the age of 17 months, returned to exophoria 10 months later and showed a stereo-acuity of 800 sec. This clinical finding suggests that the critical period for gross stereopsis is before the age of 18 months and the function is recoverable even when it is suppressed for several months after that period. Of the 18 patients with chronic exotropia who had undergone surgery after school age. 16 patients (83.3%) recovered stereoacuity of 3,000 sec or better, which suggests that gross stereopsis once established will never vanish. Patients with chronic exotropia with poor central vision also recovered gross stereopsis and stable eye position after strabismus surgery, indicating that gross stereopsis with peripheral fusion is significant for the stabilization of the eye position.
100th Anniversary of Macromolecular Science Viewpoint: High Refractive Index Polymers from Elemental Sulfur for Infrared Thermal Imaging and Optics (2020)

Optical technologies in the midwave and long wave infrared spectrum (MWIR, LWIR) are important systems for high resolution thermal imaging in near, or complete darkness. While IR thermal imaging has been extensively utilized in the defense sector, application of this technology is being driven toward emerging consumer markets and transportation. In this viewpoint, we review the field of IR thermal imaging and discuss the emerging use of synthetic organic and hybrid polymers as novel IR transmissive materials for this application. In particular, we review the critical role of elemental sulfur as a novel feedstock to prepare high refractive index polymers via inverse vulcanization and discuss the fundamental chemical insights required to impart improved IR transparency into these polymeric materials.
Abstract IA13: Stromal regulation and therapeutic targeting of the pancreatic cancer epigenome (2016)

Abstract Though the significance of reciprocal interactions between genetically altered tumor cells and adjacent stroma is increasingly appreciated, this complex crosstalk remains poorly understood. Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has a particularly prominent stromal compartment, shown to exert both tumor-supportive and tumor-suppressive or homeostatic functions in the context of the wound-like tumor microenvironment. To investigate the paracrine effects of PDAC stromal elements on pancreatic cancer cells, we developed a “stromal” culture system, which incorporates structural and diffusible stroma-derived elements into homotypic PDAC cell cultures amenable to functional genomics and metabolomics. These analyses revealed that microenvironmental cues co-regulate cancer metabolism and gene expression. Stromal inputs broadly influenced histone acetylation in the PDAC epigenome, which coincided with induction of genes implicated in anabolic metabolism and inflammation. The gene expression and metabolic changes induced by stromal factors overlap with those previously identified following oncogenic Kras, suggesting functional complementarity between cell-autonomous and microenvironmental pathways characteristic of PDAC. As epigenome modification results in changes in gene expression through the functions of readers, such as the bromodomain-containing BET proteins, we tested JQ1, a small molecule inhibitor of BET family bromodomain-containing proteins, for the capacity to inhibit gene expression changes downstream of stromal factors. Paracrine induction of pro-growth and inflammatory genes was inhibited by JQ1, suggesting that the BET family serves as a key transducer of stromal inputs to drive alterations in gene expression. Inhibition of acetyl-lysine sensing by the BET family reduced pancreatic tumor growth and associated inflammation in vivo, with significant reduction in expression of genes implicated in macromolecule biosynthesis and tumor-permissive immune regulation. This work suggests paracrine epigenome regulation as a conduit through which stromal signals drive metabolic and immune adaptation to a challenging tumor microenvironment. Citation Format: Mara H. Sherman, Ronald M. Evans.{Authors}. Stromal regulation and therapeutic targeting of the pancreatic cancer epigenome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Advances in Science and Clinical Care; 2016 May 12-15; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(24 Suppl):Abstract nr IA13.
A glucose sensor via stable immobilization of the GOx enzyme on an organic transistor using a polymer brush (2014)

ABSTRACT Recently, there has been significant research in the area of organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) because of their superior aptitude of chemical and biological sensing. Here it is shown for the first time the incorporation of polymer brushes to a transistor. Polymer brushes were chosen for their biocompatible properties and their ability to covalently tether enzymes and other biomolecules to different surfaces. OECTs were fabricated from the conducting polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrene sulfonate), PEDOT:PSS, and polymerized from the surface a mixed polymer brush of poly(glycidyl methacrylate) and poly(2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The brushes were functionalized with glucose oxidase and measured in terms of electrical performance and long‐term stability. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2015 , 53 , 372–377
Field-Driven Phase Transformations in Relaxor Ferroelectric Single Crystals (2013)

Relaxor ferroelectric single crystals such as PMN-PT and PIN-PMN-PT undergo field driven phase transformations when electrically or mechanically loaded in crystallographic directions that provide a positive driving force for the transformation. The observed behavior in certain compositions is a phase transformation distributed over a range of field levels without a distinct forward or reverse coercive field. This work focuses on the material behavior that is observed when the crystals are loaded sufficiently to drive a partial transformation and then unloaded as might occur when driving a transducer to achieve high power levels. A set of experiments was conducted to characterize the minor hysteresis loops that occur with the partial transformations. Distributed transformations have been modeled using a Gaussian distribution of transformation thresholds. In this work the Gaussian model is extended to include the partial transformations that occur when the field is reversed before the transformation is complete. The resulting minor hysteresis loops produced by the model are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Femtosecond Transient Grating Studies of Chlorophylls and a Chlorophyll-Based Electron Donor-Acceptor Molecule (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFemtosecond Transient Grating Studies of Chlorophylls and a Chlorophyll-Based Electron Donor-Acceptor MoleculeGary P. Wiederrecht, Walter A. Svec, Mark P. Niemczyk, and Michael R. WasielewskiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 21, 8918–8926Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100021a069https://doi.org/10.1021/j100021a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views418Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Data from Modular Smart Molecules for PSMA-Targeted Chemotherapy (2023)

Supplementary Data from Modular Smart Molecules for PSMA-Targeted Chemotherapy
Relationships between Oxygen Content, Modulation Period and Superconducting Property of Bi-Based Superconducting Oxides. (1992)

Pbを添加した2223相と2212相の両試料について,酸素含量の及ぼす結晶構造ならびに超伝導特性への影響について検討した。昇温脱離(TPD)法を用いた検討より,両試料ともに350～600℃ において微量の酸素(2.5×10-5mol/9)が脱離することがわかった。また,昇温酸化(TPo)法により,両試料とも600℃ までに脱離した酸素は,5%03-He気流中,約100～350℃ において可逆的に吸収されることがわかった。Pb添加2223相の反磁性開始温度(Tc.dia)は600℃ までの酸素脱離にともない111Kから96Kへと15K低下したが,酸素を再収着させると可逆的にもとの値まで回復した。一方,Pb添加2212相も同様な挙動を示したが,T° の変化方向はまったく逆であった。両試料ともに,酸素含量の減少にともない。軸長,変調構造周期は増加し,それらの変化はいずれも可逆的であった。したがって, 観測された脱離酸素はBi-O層中の過剰酸素に由来すると考えられる。また,両試料系における酸素含量変化にともなうTcの挙動は,主にCuO2面のホール濃度によって決定され,最高のTc を与える最適ホール濃度が存在すると考えられる。一方,酸素含量変化にともなう`軸長および変調周期のTc に対する直接的な影響は少ないと考えられる。
Implementing 2D median filter in FPGAS (2006)

This paper presents an FPGA implementation of a two-dimensional median filter architecture for image and video processing applications. The architecture exploits sorting based on partial rather than complete per-pixel information. This allows performance enhancement, which is a key point in image filtering, as the sampling frequency is typically quite high.
Microchannel Anechoic Corner for Microparticle Manipulation via Travelling Surface Acoustic Waves (2015)

We present a particle manipulation device composed of a pair of slanted interdigitated transducers (SIDTs) and a polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) microfluidic channel. Tunable travelling surface acoustic waves (TSAWs) produced by the SIDTs at desired locations are used to separate polystyrene (PS) microspheres of different diameters. The acoustic radiation force (ARF) acting on PS microspheres is estimated to predict the variable deflection of two distinct diameter microspheres that results in bi-separation of particles (3.2 and 4.8 μm). Interaction of TSAWs with the fluid and propagation of leaky acoustic waves at Rayleigh angle produce an anechoic corner inside the microchannel. An adequate choice of TSAW-frequency with reference to the particles’ diameters, corresponding ARF-estimation and incorporation of the microchannel anechoic corner results in a tri-separation of PS microspheres (3, 4.2, 5 μm). The tri-separation is achieved by TSAWs − 135 MHz to deflect 5 μm particles upstream of microchannel and 175 MHz to deflect 4.2 μm particles downstream.
Time-resolved cryo-EM of G protein activation by a GPCR (2023)

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate heterotrimeric G proteins by stimulating the exchange of guanine nucleotide in the Gα subunit. To visualize this mechanism, we developed a time-resolved cryo-EM approach that examines the progression of ensembles of pre-steady-state intermediates of a GPCR-G protein complex. Using variability analysis to monitor the transitions of the stimulatory Gs protein in complex with the β <sub>2</sub> -adrenergic receptor (β <sub>2</sub> AR) at short sequential time points after GTP addition, we identified the conformational trajectory underlying G protein activation and functional dissociation from the receptor. Twenty transition structures generated from sequential overlapping particle subsets along this trajectory, compared to control structures, provide a high-resolution description of the order of events driving G protein activation upon GTP binding. Structural changes propagate from the nucleotide-binding pocket and extend through the GTPase domain, enacting alterations to Gα Switch regions and the α5 helix that weaken the G protein-receptor interface. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations with late structures in the cryo-EM trajectory support that enhanced ordering of GTP upon closure of the alpha-helical domain (AHD) against the nucleotide-bound Ras-homology domain (RHD) correlates with irreversible α5 helix destabilization and eventual dissociation of the G protein from the GPCR. These findings also highlight the potential of time-resolved cryo-EM as a tool for mechanistic dissection of GPCR signaling events.
A Novel Calculus Based Unipolar Double Reference Single Carrier PWM for Single Phase T-Multilevel Inverter with Under Modulation (<1) for Renewable Energy Applications: Hardware Implementation (2018)

In this research treatise, a novel Calculus Based Unipolar Double Reference Single Carrier PWM (CB-UDR-SC PWM) is proposed for single phase T-Multilevel Inverter (T-MLI) for renewable energy applications. The main downsides of conventional two-level inverters are i) dv/dt of output voltage is high, ii) requirement of fast switching devices, iii) requirement of bulky filter, iv) Electromagnetic Interference is high, iv) temperature of switches is increases with high speed, v) not suitable for high power application and vi) high THD. Single switch with four diodes are used to design the auxiliary structure of T-MLI structure. Total 8 diodes (including anti-parallel diode of switch), five switches are used to design T-MLI for five-level. CB-UDR-SC PWM methodology is proposed by utilizing two modulation signals (derived from calculus) and single carrier. The technique is employed to investigate T-MLI circuitry is for the under-modulation index. The general idea of calculus based PWM is explained in detailed. SPARTAN 3E-XCS250E FPGA trainer kit is utilized to obtain PWM for the switches of T-MLI. Experimental and simulation results are provided which validates the concept and always shows a good agreement with theoretical approaches.
Levels of depression and satisfaction with life as indicators of health services consumption (2016)

The results indicate that there is a correlation between depression and healthcare service consumption, as represented by number of HMO-physician visits and medication use. Thus, early detection of depression, using tools such as GDS, and early initiation of antidepressive treatment may help to lower the burden on the health system.
Electroactive and luminescent polymers: new fluorene-heterocycle-based hybrids (1999)

The synthesis, characterization, and electrochromic properties of copolymers derived from 9,9-dialkyl-2,7-dibromofluorene (18a, alkyl=C 10 H 21 ; 24, alkyl=Et) and pyrrole, thiophene, 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, and furan are described. Two synthetic routes to 9,9-diethyl-2,7-bis(pyrrol-2-yl)fluorene (30) afford product in 30% and 20% yields, respectively. Monomer 30 undergoes electropolymerizationto yield electroactive polymer films. The lowest monomer oxidation potential (E p,m =0.4 V vs. Ag/Ag + ) is found in tetraethylammonium tosylate (TEATOS)-CH 3 CN, but film formation is slow. Spectroelectrochemical analysis of poly(30) reveals a band gap at 2.4 eV and upon polymer oxidation, two low energy absorptions peaking at 1.2 and 2.2 eV appear. This phenomenon is attributed to formation of bipolaron bands between the valence and conduction bands. Soluble fluorene-heterocycle polymers 34a-d have been synthesized by the Stille coupling reaction of 18a and 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene (21a), 5,5′-bis(trimethylstannyl)-2,2′-bithiophene (21b), 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (21c), and 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)furan (22), respectively, in high yields. The NMR spectra are consistent with the proposed structures of the polymers 34a-d, and no evidence of ring opening of the furyl unit in 34d is seen in the NMR and IR spectra. The molecular weights of 34a-d are in the range of 8000 g mol –1 with polydispersity indices (PDI) of 2. Polymers 34a-c have band gaps measured at 2.4 eV, while polymer 34d has its gap at 2.6 eV. Polymers 34a-c undergo solution doping with SbCl 5 to form new low energy bipolaron bands at the expense of the absorption in the UV-VIS. However, polymer 34d does not oxidatively dope with SbCl 5 .
Surgical management of spinal metastases: analysis of prognostic factors during a 10-year experience (2005)

The results of this analysis allowed the authors to create a simple prognostic factor scoring system that can be applied to individual patients. The positive experience derived from this study supports an expanded role for the surgical treatment of metastatic spinal disease.