gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eine verbesserte Methode zur Bestimmung von Diphosphat im Urin (1975)

Bereits beim Harnsteinsymposium in Wien 1973 berichteten wir über eine Methode zur Bestimmung von Mono- und Diphosphat im Urin. Diese Methode wurde eingesetzt, um den Einfluß therapeutischer und diätetischer Maßnahmen auf die Diphosphatausscheidung zu überprüfen. Durch Veränderung einzelner Analysenschritte konnte sowohl die Praktikabilität als auch die Präzision der Methode weiter verbessert werden. Die besondere Schwierigkeit der Methode ist gekennzeichnet durch die geringe Konzentration von Diphosphat (ca. 5–10 μMol/Liter Urin) und dem etwa tausendfachen Überschuß an Monophosphat.
Investigating SEI Formation on Lithium Metal Anodes (2017)

The Li plating/stripping performance of LiFePO 4 /Cu cells has been investigated for carbonate solutions of three different lithium salts, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 or LiBOB. The coulombic efficiencies of these cells are higher in the early cycles, but drops gradually during cycling. The capacity retention and efficiency of the cells is best with LiBOB followed by LiBF 4 while LiPF 6 provides the poorest performance. The differences are likely due to changes to the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the surface of the lithium metal electrodes. Ex-situ analysis of the electrodes has been conducted via a combination of XPS and FT-IR to develop a better understanding of the role of the SEI in cycling performance.
MRI evaluation of thalamic volume differentiates MS from common mimics (2017)

This study provides Class III evidence that MRI evaluation of thalamic volume differentiates MS from other diseases that cause white matter abnormalities.
Transport of Circulating Serum Cholesterol by Human Renal Cell Carcinoma (1987)

Clear cell renal cancer contains a large quantity of cholesterol ester (300-mg./gm. protein). To determine whether abnormalities in cholesterol transport could account for this sterol accumulation, the uptake, release, and imaging capabilities of intravenously injected 131I-6-iodomethyl-29-norcholesterol, a cholesterol analogue, were studied preoperatively in five patients with clear cell renal cancer. At surgery, samples of the liver, tumor, adrenal, and non-tumor kidney were obtained for analysis. 131I-sterol uptake by the tumor, when normalized for cholesterol content, was less than for adrenal, liver or kidney. In contrast, release of preloaded 131I-sterol from the human tumors was consistently slower than for normal kidney. The reduced release of free cholesterol from renal cancer cells may, in part, be responsible for the accumulation of cholesterol in human renal cancer.
Combination therapy for inhibitor reversal in haemophilia A using monoclonal anti-CD20 and rapamycin (2016)

Development of antibodies (inhibitors) against coagulation factor VIII (FVIII) is a major complication of intravenous replacement therapy in haemophilia A (HA). Current immune tolerance induction (ITI) regimens are not universally effective. Rituximab, a B cell-depleting antibody against CD20, has shown mixed results for inhibitor reversal in patients. This study aims to develop a combinatorial therapy for inhibitor reversal in HA, using anti-murine CD20 (anti-mCD20) antibody and rapamycin, which targets both B and T cell responses. Additionally, it extensively characterises the role of the IgG backbone in B cell depletion by anti-CD20 antibodies. For this, inhibitors were generated in BALB/c-HA mice by weekly IV injection of FVIII. Subsequently, anti-mCD20 (18B12) with IgG2a or IgG1 backbone was injected IV in two doses three weeks apart and B cell depletion and recovery was characterised. Rapamycin was administered orally 3x/week (for 1 month) while continuing FVIII injections. Altering the IgG backbone of anti-mCD20 from IgG2a to IgG1 reduced overall depletion of B cells (including memory B cells), and marginal zone, B-10, and B-1b cells were specifically unaffected. While neither antibody was effective alone, in combination with rapamycin, anti-mCD20 IgG2a but not IgG1 was able to reverse inhibitors in HA mice. This regimen was particularly effective for starting titres of ~10 BU. Although IgG1 anti-mCD20 spared potentially tolerogenic B cell subsets, IgG2a directed sustained hyporesponsiveness when administered in conjunction with rapamycin. This regimen represents a promising treatment for inhibitor reversal in HA, as both of these compounds have been extensively used in human patients.
Highly efficient linear waveguide modulator based on domain-inverted electro-optic polymers (2000)

A Y-branch waveguide directional coupler modulator based on domain-inverted electro-optic polymers is demonstrated for highly ef- ficient analog modulation. A detailed theoretical analysis is given to show its working principles based on coupled-mode theory. Domain-inverted electro-optical polymers are obtained by using a high-voltage pulsed pol- ing technique. The demonstrated domain-inverted polymers represent a promising technology for creating a new class of electro-optic modula- tors with superior performance over conventional counterparts. By using domain inversion in a Y-branch waveguide directional coupler, the poly- meric electro-optic waveguide modulator provides a highly linear modu- lation transfer curve that shows a ;100% modulation efficiency with an intermodulation distortion less than 230 dB. The demonstrated modula- tor also features a switching voltage of 10 V and an extinction ratio of 228 dB at operation wavelength of 1.32 mm. A linear modulation transfer curve and a 3-dB operating point are obtained without a bias voltage or an asymmetric device structure through a single uniform electrode.
Anti-Cancer and Anti-Angiogenic Properties of Nano-Diamino-Tetrac, A Thyroid Hormone Derivative (2020)

This review examines the anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer properties of Nanotetrac that exploit the novel small molecule receptor for thyroid hormone-Nanotetrac on αvβ3. Integrin αvβ3 controls a variety of intracellular and transcellular functions. It is a transmembrane structural protein that is differentially expressed/activated in tumor cells and dividing blood vessel cells. The anti-angiogenic activity of tetrac was confirmed to be present in the vascular supply to a variety of human tumor xenografts and was interpreted to reflect only the disruption of the thyroid hormone-integrin receptor interaction. The anti-cancer properties of Nanotetrac are broadly based in terms of mechanisms, despite initiation of the actions of the drug at a single target receptor on integrin αvβ3, and in this regard resemble the pluralistic anti-angiogenic actions of the drug. Nanotetrac is a prototypic anti-angiogenic and anti-cancer agent focused on a single, specific small molecule receptor site on the extracellular domain of αvβ3.
Tissue‐specific heterogeneity of the 3′‐untranslated region of L‐type pyruvate kinase mRNAs (1986)

A single L-type pyruvate kinase (PK) gene seems to exist per haploid genome. It is expressed in the liver, kidney and small intestine in the form of three mRNA species of 2, 2.2 and 3.2 X 10(3) bases (kb). All three species are polyadenylated and translatable into the same L-type subunit. Primer extension experiments demonstrate that all three PK mRNAs have the same 5' ends. Nuclease S1 protection experiments with various cDNA and 3' genomic probes indicate that the different mRNA species only differ by the length of their 3' noncoding region. The mechanism responsible for the production of the three transcripts seems to be the use of alternative unusual polyadenylation sites. Run-on assays with specific probes recognizing only the 3.2-kb or all three mRNA species show that the transcription proceeds across the gene with similar rate. This means that the process involved in generation of the three transcripts is a posttranscriptional event, probably due to different sites of endonucleolytic cleavage of primary transcripts extending 3' from the gene region encoding the mature mRNAs. The ratio between the different PK mRNA species is, to a certain extent, tissue-specific and changes with development. The role of an 'identifier sequence' located in the 3' noncoding sequence of the 3.2-kb species in such a tissue-specific use of alternative polyadenylation sites is discussed.
Monoclonal antibody characterization of reference isolates of different serogroups of Haemophilus paragallinarum (1997)

Previously, a panel of five monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) was used to study the antigens of strains 0083, 0222 and Modesto of Haemophilus paragallinarum and marked antigenic differences were noted. To establish if these differences were serogroup specific, more reference strains were examined with these Mabs. It was not possible to detect any relationship between the antigens recognized by the Mabs and the serogroup of the reference strain. None of the Mabs produced reacted with the haemagglutinins of the reference strains. The F1 Mab detected an outer membrane protein of 39 kDa, while the V1 Mab detected a lipopolysaccharide of between 13.8 to 14 kDa. Mabs VF1 and VF2 both recognized antigens of 39 kDa of unknown chemical nature and with extremely low frequency of occurrence among strains and isolates. The VF3 Mab detected a lipopolysaccharide with multiple bands at 37 to 39 kDa, which broke down after freezing and thawing to multiple bands of 29 to 32 kDa. These results imply that the haemagglutinins, which are the major typing and protective antigens remain undetected by this panel of Mabs.
Combating Drug Abuse by Targeting Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) (2013)

Abstract : We continue to make excellent progress and the data to date are clearly supportive that TLR4 is an important drug abuse target. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) continues to present as a powerful modulator of drug abuse as blocking . TLR4 with (+)naltrexone or (+) -- .naloxone suppresses multiple indices of drug reward and drug reinforcement for both opioids and cocaine. It is exciting that we are documenting the sites of action of TLR4 on drug abuse to the NAc shell and VTA, key structures in the rewarding and reinforcing effects of cocaine and opioids, the abused drugs under study. As (+) -- .naltrexone is in preclinical development aiming at human clinical trials, this is especially exciting to have a blood brain barrier permeable, highly selective TLR4 antagonist that would be orally available, stable at room temperature, and appropriate for use from front lines through long--.term use. As Xalud Therapeutics received $2.7 million from the Army to move (+) -- .naltrexone toward FDA Investigational New Drug status, it will be ready for entry into human clinical trials near term. Given our ongoing results, this would be a spectacular step forward for treating warfighters and veterans alike for drug abuse indications.
Comment on a paper by Linus Pauling (1989)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
The Effects of Virtual Agents' Characteristics on User Impressions and Language Use (2018)

Virtual agent (VA) interaction is becoming more pervasive in work and home life. We present a study of text-based VA-user interaction in the context of a real-world job interview. Two VAs were designed with distinct personalities and different genders. Virtual interviews were conducted by the VAs with 316 job applicants for an entry-level position at a financial firm. We investigated how different VA characteristics affect impression of, and interaction with, the VA. Results show that when gender of users and VAs were dissimilar, VAs were perceived more extroverted and personable. When genders were similar, users tended to rate VAs as more trustworthy. We also found differences in authenticity by users who interacted with different VAs.
<title>Wavelet-based decompositions for nonlinear signal processing</title> (1996)

Nonlinearities are often encountered in the analysis and processing of real-world signals. This paper develops new signal decompositions for nonlinear analysis and processing. The theory of tensor norms is employed to show that wavelets provide an optimal basis for the nonlinear signal decompositions. The nonlinear signal decompositions are also applied to signal processing problems.
Integrating RAS Status into Prognostic Signatures for Adenocarcinomas of the Lung (2015)

We present a nested model for integrated genomic and transcriptomic data. This model is general and is not limited to lung adenocarcinomas but can be expanded to other tumor types and oncogenes.
Bioactive oligopeptides in dermatology: Part I (2012)

Short sequence amino acids or oligopeptides represent a relatively new and promising area of dermatology. Oligopeptides are defined as peptide sequences ranging from 2 to 20 amino acids. This class of proteins includes potent biologically active compounds, which can modulate various cellular and molecular processes. The medical potential of short sequence peptides was initially characterized many decades ago with the identification of biological mediators such as angiotensin, vasopressin, oxytocin and bradykinin. However, the role of oligopeptides in affecting biological activity within the skin has only recently been explored. Currently, the dermatologic use of protein peptide fragments is a rapidly growing field of research. Recent studies suggest that treatment with various biologically active peptides can result in favourable clinical outcomes such as for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders with tyrosinase inhibitors and the use of collagen synthesis modulators to diminish skin laxity. In this review, we explore the roles of biologically active short sequence peptides as potential therapeutics through the modulation of collagen, elastin and melanin synthesis.
Spirooxindole Derivative SOID-8 Induces Apoptosis Associated with Inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 Signaling in Melanoma Cells (2012)

Melanoma is generally refractory to current chemotherapy, thus new treatment strategies are needed. In this study, we synthesized a series of spirooxindole derivatives (SOID-1 to SOID-12) and evaluated their antitumor effects on melanoma. Among the 12 spirooxindole derivatives, SOID-8 showed the strongest antitumor activity by viability screening. SOID-8 inhibited viability of A2058, A375, SK-MEL-5 and SK-MEL-28 human melanoma cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. SOID-8 also induced apoptosis of these tumor cells, which was confirmed by positive Annexin V staining and an increase of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase cleavage. The antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1, a member of the Bcl-2 family, was downregulated and correlated with SOID-8 induced apoptosis. In addition, SOID-8 reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of Signal Tansducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) in both dose- and time-dependent manners. This inhibition was associated with decreased levels of phosphorylation of Janus-activated kinase-2 (JAK2), an upstream kinase that mediates STAT3 phosphorylation at Tyr705. Accordingly, SOID-8 inhibited IL-6-induced activation of STAT3 and JAK2 in melanoma cells. Finally, SOID-8 suppressed melanoma tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model, accompanied with a decrease of phosphorylation of JAK2 and STAT3. Our results indicate that the antitumor activity of SOID-8 is at least partially due to inhibition of JAK2/STAT3 signaling in melanoma cells. These findings suggest that the spirooxindole derivative SOID-8 is a promising lead compound for further development of new preventive and therapeutic agents for melanoma.
Preparation and characterization of silver nanoparticles by chemical reduction method B Biointerfaces (2011)

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by the reduction of AgNO₃ with aniline in dilute aqueous solutions containing cetyltrimethlyammonium bromide, CTAB. Nanoparticles growth was assessed by UV–vis spectroscopy and the average particle size and the size distribution were determined from transmission electron microscopy, TEM. As the reaction proceeds, a typical plasmon absorption band at 390–450nm appears for the silver nanoparticles and the intensities increase with the time. Effects of [aniline], [CTAB] and [Ag⁺] on the particle formation rate were analyzed. The apparent rate constants for the formation of silver nanoparticles first increased until it reached a maximum then decreased with [aniline]. TEM photographs indicate that the silver sol consist of well dispersed agglomerates of spherical shape nanoparticles with particle size range from 10 to 30nm. Aniline concentrations have no significant effect on the shape, size and the size distribution of Ag-nanoparticles. Aniline acts as a reducing as well as adsorbing agent in the preparation of roughly spherical, agglomerated and face-centered-cubic silver nanoparticles.
A Solution Framework for Private Media in Privacy-Enhanced RTP Conferencing (PERC) (2021)

This document describes a solution framework for ensuring that media
confidentiality and integrity are maintained end-to-end within the
context of a switched conferencing environment where media
distributors are not trusted with the end-to-end media encryption
keys. The solution builds upon existing security mechanisms defined
for the real-time transport protocol (RTP).
A subclass of luminal epithelial cells in the human mammary gland, defined by antibodies to cytokeratins (1985)

Two monoclonal antibodies, BA16 and BA17, have been developed using a detergent-insoluble extract of human mammary epithelial organoids as immunogen. Indirect immunofluorescent staining of cultured cells showed that the component reacting with the antibodies was filamentous and the intensity of staining was stronger in mitotic cells. Immunoblotting of cell extracts showed that both antibodies react with only one band of 40 X 10(3) molecular weight, which was present in keratin-enriched extracts of cells or organoids. Furthermore, the tissue distribution of the component reacting with the antibodies was that predicted for human keratin 19. The antibodies showed differences in the intensity of staining of cells or tissue sections fixed and prepared in different ways indicating that they reacted with different epitopes. The pattern of expression of the 40 X 10(3) Mr keratin by normal mammary epithelial cells was investigated by immunoperoxidase staining of tissue sections, cultured milk cells, and organoids of different sizes cultured in collagen gels. It was found that basal or myoepithelial cells did not express this keratin. Some heterogeneity of expression of this component was seen in luminal epithelial cells, found almost exclusively in the smaller structures. These cells did, however, express other keratins characteristic of luminal cells. The distribution in the mammary tree of the luminal cells that did not express the 40 X 10(3) Mr keratin appears to be similar to that expected for cells with the proliferative potential to produce new terminal ductal lobular units or an increase in branching of existing terminal ductal lobular units. It is shown that these cells have considerable proliferative potential by the fact that they form large colonies in milk cell cultures.
Sorting out the cell biology of Alzheimer’s disease: focus on BACE1 and APP (2012)

Background Amyloid b (Ab) peptides, the primary constituents of senile plaques and a hallmark in Alzheimer’s disease pathology, are generated through the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by BACE1 and g-secretase. Evidence is accumulating that the early endosome constitutes a major compartment for APP processing; however, the mechanisms of how BACE1 encounters APP are largely unknown.
How Optimal are Wireless Scheduling Protocols? (2007)

In wireless networks mutual interference impairs the quality of received signals and might even prevent the correct reception of messages. It is therefore of paramount importance to dispose of power control and scheduling algorithms, coordinating the transmission of communication requests. We propose a new measure disturbance in order to comprise the intrinsic difficulty of finding a short schedule for a problem instance. Previously known approaches suffer from extremely bad performance in certain network scenarios even if disturbance is low. To overcome this problem, we present a novel scheduling algorithm for which we give analytical worst-case guarantees on its performance. Compared to previously known solutions, the algorithm achieves a speed up, which can be exponential in the size of the network.
A multistate tuberculosis pharmacometric model: a framework for studying anti-tubercular drug effectsin vitro (2015)

The model provides predictions of the change in bacterial numbers for the different bacterial states with and without drug effect and could thus be used as a framework for studying anti-tubercular drug effects in vitro.
Eimeria bovis-triggered neutrophil extracellular trap formation is CD11b-, ERK 1/2-, p38 MAP kinase- and SOCE-dependent (2015)

Eimeria bovis is an important coccidian parasite that causes high economic losses in the cattle industry. We recently showed that polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) react upon E. bovis sporozoite exposure by neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation. We focused here on the molecular mechanisms that are involved in this process. The sporozoite encounter led to an enhanced surface expression of neutrophil CD11b suggesting a potential role of this receptor in E. bovis-mediated NETosis. Antibody-mediated blockage of CD11b confirmed this assumption and led to a significantly decreased sporozoite-triggered NET. In addition, E. bovis-induced NETosis was found to be Ca(2+)-dependent since the inhibition of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) significantly diminished NET. Furthermore, NADPH oxidase, neutrophil elastase (NE) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were confirmed as key molecules in sporozoite-triggered NETosis, as inhibition thereof blocked parasite-triggered NET. PMN degranulation analyses revealed a significant release of matrix metalloprotease-9 containing granules upon sporozoite exposure. We further show a significantly enhanced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 MAPK in sporozoite-exposed PMN indicating a key role of this signaling pathway in E. bovis-mediated NETosis. Accordingly, ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK inhibition led to a significant decrease in NET formation. Finally, we demonstrate that sporozoite-induced NETosis is neither a stage-, species-, nor host-specific process.