gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improve Cylinder-to-Cylinder Consistancy and Reduce Cycle-to-Cycle Variations of a Diesel Engine Using Closed-loop Control of Fuel Path Input Variables (2016)

This paper presents that the dwell time between two consequent injection pulses of a diesel engine that is equipped with a common rail fuel injection system has big impact on the combustion process. It is because the change of dwell time has influence on the injection pressure for the next injection. This phenomenon was then used in implementing a Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP) closed-loop control system to reduce the cycle-to-cycle combustion variations. The injected fuel quantity based IMEP closed-loop control system was also implemented and tested on the test diesel engine. Its disturbance rejection ability has been experimentally investigated to confirm that with this IMEP closed-loop control, diesel engine has strong disturbance rejection ability which implies that a speed governor with IMEP closed-loop control being the inner loop will improve engine speed control performance. Such two-loop speed control system was implemented and tested on the test engine in the lab. The inner IMEP closed-loop control for each cylinder has the same setpoint value which was calculated from the outer loop speed controller. This will increase the combustion consistency among all cylinders.
Comprehensive Screening for Disease with Optical Frequency-Domain Imaging (2006)

Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text B. E. Bouma, "Comprehensive Screening for Disease with Optical Frequency-Domain Imaging," in Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications/Coherent Optical Technologies and Applications, Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2006), paper CThA1. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
ChemInform Abstract: BCX‐1812 (RWJ‐270201) (I): Discovery of a Novel, Highly Potent, Orally Active, and Selective Influenza Neuraminidase Inhibitor Through Structure‐Based Drug Design. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Influence of the microbiological preparation Atuva + Premax on the formation of soy nodule bacteria (2020)

Soy is characterized by specific nutrition, the ability to assimilate nitrogen from the air through symbiosis with nodule bacteria. Microbiological preparation Atuva + Premax activates the formation of nodule bacteria.
Continuous-wave operation of a $(20\bar{2}\bar{1})$ InGaN laser diode with a photoelectrochemically etched current aperture (2015)

© 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics. We demonstrated selective and controllable undercut etching of the InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) active region of a (2021) laser diode (LD) structure by photoelectrochemical etching. This technique was used to fabricate current aperture edge-emitting blue laser diodes (CALDs), whose performance was compared with that of shallow-etched ridge LDs with a nominally identical epitaxial structure. The threshold current density, threshold voltage, peak output power, and series resistance for the CA-LD (shallow-etched LD) with a 2.5-μm-wide active region were 4.4 (8.1) kA/cm$^{2}$, 6.1 (7.7) V, 96.5 (63.5)mW, and 4.7 (6.0)Ω under pulsed conditions and before facet coating, respectively.
A comparison of MiL‐Lx and Hybrid‐III responses in seated and standing postures with blast mats in simulated under‐vehicle explosions (2013)

Blast mats that can be retrofitted to the floor of military vehicles are considered to reduce the risk of injury from under‐vehicle explosions. Anthropometric test devices (ATDs) are validated for use only in the seated position. The aim of this study was to use a traumatic injury simulator fitted with 3 different blast mats in order to assess the ability of 2 ATD designs to evaluate the protective capacity of the mats in 2 occupant postures under 2 severities. Tests were performed for each combination of mat design, ATD, severity and posture using an antivehicle under‐belly injury simulator. The differences between mitigation systems were larger under the H‐III compared to the MiL‐Lx. There was little difference in how the 2 ATDs and how posture ranked the mitigation systems. Results from this study suggest that conclusions obtained by testing in the seated position can be extrapolated to the standing. However, the different percentage reductions observed in the 2 ATDs suggests different levels of protection. It is therefore unclear which ATD should be used to assess such mitigation systems. A correlation between cadavers and ATDs on the protection offered by blast mats is required in order to elucidate this issue.
Age-dependent Recall Bias for Material of Internal versus External Origin (2003)

The differences in the brain mechanisms mediating Internal versus External recall bias are unknown. However, aging may modify an Internal-External memory bias.
Dynamic Multiwavelength Optical Reflection Filter Induced in a Suspended-Core Fiber Bragg Grating by Amplitude Modulated Acoustic Waves (2018)

A new technique to generate a multiwavelength reflection spectrum by modulating a 1cm long fiber Bragg grating with an amplitude modulated acoustic wave is reported. Up to 15 wavelength peaks with ∼5pm bandwidth are achieved.
Supplementary Table 1 from The CARMA3–Bcl10–MALT1 Signalosome Drives NFκB Activation and Promotes Aggressiveness in Angiotensin II Receptor–Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Custom NanoString codeset for evaluating 72 NFkB regulated genes.&lt;/p&gt;
Supplementary Methods and Figure from Cellular Targets of Gefitinib (2023)

Supplementary Methods and Figure from Cellular Targets of Gefitinib
Change in Visual Field Progression Following Treatment Escalation in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma (2017)

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of treatment escalation on the rate of visual field progression in patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Patients and Methods: Multicenter database study. We reviewed the electronic records of 171 patients with POAG under medical hypotensive treatment who underwent 5 consecutive visits 6 months apart before and after medical treatment escalation or additive laser trabeculoplasty. We calculated the rate of visual field progression (mean deviation change per year) before and after treatment escalation. Results: The mean duration of follow-up was 5.1±0.5 years and the mean number of visual field examinations was 10.2±0.2. In 139 eyes with medical treatment escalation, the rate of progression was significantly reduced [from −0.57 to −0.29 dB/y; P =0.022; intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction 11.1%]. In detail, the rate of progression was significantly reduced after escalation from mono to dual therapy, dual to triple therapy, and from mono to triple therapy (−0.35 to −0.24 dB/y, P =0.018; −1.01 to −0.48 dB/y, P =0.038; −1.04 to −0.35 dB/y, P =0.020, respectively). In 32 eyes with additive laser trabeculoplasty, the rate of progression was significantly reduced (−0.60 to −0.24 dB/y; P =0.014; IOP reduction 9.4%). Conclusions: Medical treatment escalation or additive laser trabeculoplasty significantly reduced the rate of visual field progression in POAG. Larger IOP reduction has a greater probability of reducing glaucoma progression.
Ultra-low Noise Widely-Tunable Semiconductor Lasers Fully Integrated on Silicon (2019)

Using ultralow loss waveguides and a novel cavity design, we demonstrate fully integrated lasers on silicon with a fundamental linewidth lower than 200 Hz. The lasers also possess an ultrawide wavelength tuning range of 110 nm across three optical communication bands (S+C+L). These are record results for all fully integrated semiconductor lasers that have ever been reported in literature.
A micro-flight mechanism with rotational wings (2002)

A flight mechanism with 2 mm long micro-rotational wings has been designed and fabricated. The rotational wings are made of cobalt-nickel alloy and rotate in an alternating magnetic field. The flight mechanism is composed of the rotational wings, non-rotational body and disk. The wings and the disk are attached to glass rod and rotate together. As the rotating frequency increases, the wings and the disk move up and the disk pushes the body upwards, and then the whole structures take off. The characteristics of the rotational wings are investigated. A scale effect is found; the characteristics of the rotational wings get better as the wing length decreases. It is considered to be caused by the wing-longitudinal flow, which is often ignored in high Reynolds number flow. The non-rotational body has soft magnetic films. Due to the magnetic anisotropic torque exerted on the films, the body can maintain its attitude stability passively. The flight mechanism that weighs 1.6 mg succeeded in taking-off at 438 Hz keeping the attitude of the body stable. The magnetic torque between the external magnetic field and the wings must be larger than the torque from the air and the friction in order to keep the wings rotating. The relationship between the required magnetic field and the rotating frequency is investigated.
Wide-Input-Voltage-Range 3 kW DC-DC Converter with Hybrid LLC & Boundary / Discontinuous Mode Control (2020)

Growing applications such as electric vehicles, data centers, and industrial robotics require power-dense and efficient converters systems to provide high output currents at low output voltages of generally 12 V. Today's converters achieve high efficiencies at a specific input voltage, but drastically lose efficiency once the input voltage deviates from its nominal value. A large voltage swing, however, is a common situation in the aforementioned applications, as the respective input voltages, in worst-case, can easily drop by 50 %, whereby full functionality still needs to be maintained. In this work, we demonstrate a wide-input-voltage-range 400 V to 12 V, 3 kW dc-dc converter with a novel control method and transformer design. The employed boundary/discontinuous mode control scheme reduces circulating currents over conventional LLC techniques, and the "snake-core" matrix transformer achieves ideal parallel-connected secondary voltage balance. The converter achieves 350 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density while operating from 300 V to 430 V input voltage and from 10 % to full load. An advanced design for a data center power supply application additionally utilizes the magnetizing inductance for boost operation in order to optimize the operating conditions of the converter system and to increase the overall efficiency. A performance comparison is finally explored for comparing the advanced design with the current hardware demonstrator and with conventional LLC converters.
Vertical and lateral heterogeneous integration (2001)

A technique for achieving large-scale monolithic integration of lattice-mismatched materials in the vertical direction and the lateral integration of dissimilar lattice-matched structures has been developed. The technique uses a single nonplanar direct-wafer-bond step to transform vertically integrated epitaxial structures into lateral epitaxial variation across the surface of a wafer. Nonplanar wafer bonding is demonstrated by integrating four different unstrained multi-quantum-well active regions lattice matched to InP on a GaAs wafer surface. Microscopy is used to verify the quality of the bonded interface, and photoluminescence is used to verify that the bonding process does not degrade the optical quality of the laterally integrated wells. The authors propose this technique as a means to achieve greater levels of wafer-scale integration in optical, electrical, and micromechanical devices.
Functional Analysis of Software-Defined Radio Baseband for Satellite Ground Operations (2019)

This paper presents functional analysis and system specifications of a baseband system using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. The analysis is primarily based on the latest blue-book standards from the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS). It covers telemetry, telecommand, and ranging, as well as some specifications of the associated physical layers. The SDR-based baseband system is envisioned to support ground operations in the form of a software-as-a-Service (SaaS) private cloud.
ChemInform Abstract: VISIBLE‐LIGHT‐DRIVEN GENERATION OF CHLORINE WITH POWDERED TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION VIA REDOX CATALYSIS (1982)

Abstract Im Hinblick auf Sonnenenergie‐Speicherung mittels chemischer Umwandlungen durch Lichtenergie wurde die C12 ‐Erzeugung bei der Bestrahlung wäßriger Dispersionen von WO 3 in Lösungen von NaCl im Sichtbaren untersucht.
Multi-trigger resist for electron beam lithography (2017)

Irresistible Materials is developing a new molecular resist system that demonstrates high-resolution capability based on the Multi-trigger concept. In a Multi-Trigger resist, multiple distinct chemical reactions in chemical amplification process must take place in close proximity simultaneously during resist exposure. Thus, at the edge of a pattern feature, where the density of photo-initiators that drive the chemical reactions is low, the amplification process ceases. This significantly reduces blurring effects and enables much improved resolution and line edge roughness while maintaining the sensitivity advantages of chemical amplification. A series of studies such as enhanced resist crosslinking, elimination of the nucleophilic quencher and the addition of high-Z additives to e-beam resist (as a means to increase sensitivity and modify secondary electron blur) were conducted in order to optimize the performance of this material. The optimized conditions allowed patterning down to 28 nm pitch lines with a dose of 248 &mu;C/cm<sup>2</sup> using 100kV e-beam lithography, demonstrating the potential of the concept. Furthermore, it was possible to pattern 26 nm diameter pillars on a 60 nm pitch with dose of 221&mu;C/cm<sup>2 </sup> with a line edge roughness of 2.3 nm.
European Perspectives (2010)

and meant that the textbooks on the diagnosis, risk stratification, and treatment algorithms of acute coronary syndrome had to be rewritten.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Self‐Fluorescent Hyaluronic Acid–Based Gel for Dermal Applications (2015)

Combinations of polymer conjugates affording in situ gelation hold promise for treatment of pathological cavities (e.g., arthritis) and sustained drug release. In particular, hyaluronic acid (HA) functionalized with reactive groups is regarded as an excellent biomaterial due to its tunable cross-linking kinetics and mechanical properties. HA-based reagents, however, can be irritating to surrounding tissues due to the reactivity of pendant groups, and their fast gelation kinetics can result in poor cavity filling. In this study, a biocompatible "click" reaction between cyanobenzothiazole (CBT) and d-cysteine (d-Cys) is employed to produce HA-based conjugates for in situ gelation. Rheological studies conducted on a gel obtained from the combination of HA-CBT and HA-d-Cys indicate optimal gelation time and mechanical properties. Further, in vitro studies on porcine skin demonstrate the ability of the gel to form in situ upon subcutaneous injection or topical application, and to act as a reservoir for sustained release of protein therapeutics. Finally, the safety of the HA-based conjugates is demonstrated on human keratinocytes. The presented results demonstrate the applicability of the binary mixture for in situ gelation and the potential of the proposed system for a variety of biomedical applications.
Plasma methylated DNA markers of cutaneous melanoma: Association with PET/CT-positive disease. (2022)

9567 Background: Cutaneous melanoma surveillance is important to identify low-volume systemic disease, but imaging is costly and poorly accessible to patients; frequent skin checks lack sensitivity and specificity. We aimed to establish clinical feasibility of a liquid biopsy blood test, which quantifies validated, melanoma-specific, methylated DNA markers (MDMs), previously discovered, and reported by our team, using tissue extracted DNA. Methods: We prospectively collected blood from adult patients with histologically confirmed melanoma metastases and no other internal malignancies (within 5-years) who underwent surveillance by FDG-PET/CT (N = 88). Blood from age- and sex balanced cancer-free controls (N = 100) were compared. From PET/CT, we extracted the number of organs involved, SUV-max, and largest tumor diameter. Unequivocal metastasis was defined as SUV ≥ 4 and largest diameter &gt; 5 mm. Because PET/CT is inadequate for the screening of brain metastases, we excluded the brain from the analysis. MDMs ( chr11.149, HOXA9, chr20.210, FLJ22536, CLIC5, SIX4, chr7.155, chr17.730, chr1.110) were assayed using target enrichment long-probe quantitative-amplified signal assays, normalized to B3GALT6, in blinded fashion. Using a logistic regression approach and nine candidate MDMs, we calculated the sensitivity for detecting patients with metastasis on PET/CT at 100% specificity. Results: 52/88 (59%) of melanoma patients showed evidence of metastasis on PET/CT at the time of blood draw. At 100% specificity, a panel of 4 MDMs ( HOXA9, chr20.210, chr17.730, chr1.110) yielded a sensitivity of 86.5% (45/52 cases) vs. 100 cancer-free controls. When applying this model to the 36 PET/CT-negative patients, specificity was as high as 97.2% (35/36 cases) while maintaining a sensitivity of 86.5% (one patient with a positive test result had a complete metabolic response to binimetinib / encorafenib prior to negative PET/CT). For patients with ≥ 2 organs involved by metastasis, sensitivity was 100% (29/29 cases). False-negative cases had metastasis in single organs and were characterized by minimal tumor burden and oral corticosteroid use. One false-negative patient had localized stage III disease without known primary melanoma. Conclusions: Plasma MDM levels appear highly concordant with FDG-PET/CT in patients with metastatic cutaneous melanoma. A liquid biopsy approach has potential to lower cost and improve patient access to surveillance. Additional prospective studies in larger intended use cohorts are needed to validate our results.
[New algorithm for oscillometric noninvasive automatic arterial pressure measurement in patients with atrial fibrillation]. (2002)

Oscillometric noninvasive arterial pressure monitoring devices frequently fail to measure pressure precisely in patients with arrhythmia, such as atrial fibrillation, because beat-by-beat changes in pulse pressure and mean pressure level distort the relation between cuff pressure and oscillometric wave amplitude. To overcome this problem, we developed a new algorithm for oscillometric measurement in which oscillometric wave amplitude is corrected according to changes in pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure level. In 7 patients with atrial fibrillation, we compared systolic pressure thus estimated with that simultaneously measured invasively in the radial artery and averaged during oscillometric measurement. Correction based on invasively obtained beat-by-beat pulse pressure and mean pressure level decreased the ratio of unmeasurable cases from 11 to 4%. Correction based on plethysmographically estimated pulse pressure decreased unmeasurable cases to 6% (P < 0.01). Standard error of systolic pressure estimates was 6.44 +/- 1.83, 4.10 +/- 0.85, and 4.75 +/- 1.26 mmHg with no, invasive, and plethysmographical correction in this order (P < 0.01). We conclude that oscillometric wave amplitude correction based on beat-by-beat pulse pressure and mean arterial pressure level lessened the number of unmeasurable cases and improved measurement precision in patients with atrial fibrillation.
Hemocompatibility Evaluation of Biomaterials—The Crucial Impact of Analyzed Area (2021)

The hemocompatibility of blood-contacting medical devices remains one of the major challenges in medical device development. A common tool for the analysis of adherent and activated platelets on materials following in vitro tests is microscopy. Currently, most researchers develop their own routines, resulting in numerous different methods that are applied. The majority of those (semi-)manual methods analyze only a very small fraction of the material surface (<1%), which neglects the inhomogeneity of platelet distribution and makes results hardly comparable. Within this study, we examined the relation between the fraction of analyzed sample area and the platelet adhesion result. By means of image segmentation and machine learning algorithms, 103 100 microscopy images were analyzed automatically. We discovered a crucial impact of the analyzed surface fraction and thus a misrepresentation of a surface's platelet adhesion unless up to 40% of the sample surface is analyzed. These findings underline the necessity of standardization in the field of in vitro hemocompatibility tests and analyses in particular and provide a first basis to make future tests more reliable and comparable.
Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Do Not Alter Splanchnic Cortisol Production in Humans (2005)

Although large amounts of cortisol are produced within the splanchnic bed, implying high intrahepatic glucocorticoid concentrations, rates do not differ in lean and obese nondiabetic humans and are not influenced by the presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, obesity but not diabetes increases splanchnic cortisol uptake.
Protein Interactions at the Transferrin Receptor Gene Promoter (1986)

The transferrin receptor (TR) is the vehicle through which transferrin delivers iron to the intracellular compartment. Transferrin binds to the receptor at the cell surface and is internalized through coated pits into an acidic intracellular compartment where iron is released. The receptor and ligand are then recycled to the surface to be reutilized. Through this process iron is made available for heme-containing proteins, oxidative enzymes, and other iron-requiring enzymes. Consequently, there is a requirement for expression of TRs on nearly all cell types.
DNA ELECTROPHORESIS AT SURFACES (2003)

During this year we performed two major projects: I. We developed a detailed theoretical model which complements our experiments on surface DNA electrophoresis. We found that it was possible to enhance the separation of DNA chains by imposing a chemical nanoscale pattern on the surface. This approach utilized the surface interaction effect of the DNA chains with the substrate and is a refinement to our previous method in which DNA chains were separated on homogeneous flat surfaces. By introducing the nano-patterns on the surface, the conformational changes of DNA chains of different lengths can be amplified, which results in the different friction strengths with the substrate surface. Our results also show that, when compared to the DNA electrophoresis performed on homogeneous flat surfaces, nanopatterned surfaces offer a larger window in choosing different surface interactions to achieve separation. II. In collaboration with a large international manufacturer of skin care products we also embarked on a project involving photo toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles, which are a key ingredient in sunscreen and cosmetic lotions. The results clearly implicated the nanoparticles in catalyzing damage to chromosomal DNA. We then used this knowledge to develop a polymer/anti-oxidant coating which prevented the photocatalytic reaction on DNA while still retaining the UV absorptive properties of the nanoparticles. The standard gel electrophoresis was not sufficient in determining the extent of the DNA damage. The conclusions of this study were based predominantly on analysis obtained with the surface electrophoresis method.