gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[C.T. scan and traumatic intracranial haematoma without clinical signs (author's transl)]. (1981)

Patients having sustained head injuries were investigated by computerized axial tomography, a few hours after trauma. 24 conscious patients had large traumatic lesions: epidural haematoma, acute subdural haematoma and cerebral attrition. 12 had no focal sign and were well conscious or very slightly drowsy. 12 were slightly drowsy and/or had focal signs but these signs were very discrete in contrast with the huge lesions seen on the CT Scan. This seems to confirm that an epidural haematoma expands very early after the head injury, and, in any case, that it does exist during the free interval. From a practical view point, computerized tomography may greatly improve the treatment of patients who, other-wise, would have been operated upon in comatose state. This study is not a prospective one, it does not lead to any statistical value. But it points out the usefulness of CT Scan after severe head injury especially of conscious patients, above all if there is a skull fracture.
Sulfonium Salts of Alicyclic Group Functionalized Semifluorinated Alkyl Ether Sulfonates As Photoacid Generators (2009)

We describe new sulfonium salts incorporating semifluorinated sulfonate anions and their successful application as photoacid generators (PAGs) intended to solve the environmental problems caused by perfluorooctyl sulfonate (PFOS). By utilizing simple and unique chemistries based on 5-iodooctafluoro-3-oxapentanesulfonyl fluoride, a series of alicyclic-group functionalized octafluoro-3-oxapentane-sulfonate anions were prepared in high purity and high yield. Triphenylsulfonium (TPS) salts of norbornyl and γ-butyrolactone groups functionalized octafluoro-3-oxapentanesulfonates were extensively studied. They have excellent thermal stability and good solubility in various polar solvents. Their optical and thermal properties were thoroughly investigated. Angle resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed that the new TPS salts are uniformly distributed in polymer films, whereas TPS PFOS is heavily segregated to a polymer film surface. Lithographic performance of the new salts together with TPS PFOS and triphenylsulfonium perfluorobutyl sulfonate (TPS PFBS) in model positive tone resists was evaluated and compared at 193 nm (both dry and immersion) and extreme ultraviolet (EUV) wavelengths. Resist compositions containing the new salts are capable of resolving sub-100 nm dense lines and spaces at both tested wavelengths. Especially, a pattern of 42 nm dense lines was successfully demonstrated in 193 nm immersion exposures. A specific TPS salt of monosaccharide-functionalized octafluoro-3-oxapentanesulfonate, a “sweet” PAG, was also synthesized and studied. This PAG is capable of resolving 90 nm lines in 193 nm lithography. These new PAGs show comparable performance with TPS PFBS and better performance than TPS PFOS, which makes them very promising environmentally friendly candidates for high resolution lithography applications.
Ku-band MMIC power amplifier with on-chip compensation gate bias circuit (2008)

Recently, Ku-band PHEMT MMIC power amplifiers have been demonstrated for LMDS, point-to-point wireless communications systems and VSAT applications with high gain , low cost and single-supply characteristics. These MMICs operate without any compensation mechanism such and process and temperature variations. However, PHEMT MMICs are sensitive to the threshold voltage and temperature variations. The threshold voltage of the transistor determines the yield of a MMIC amplifier. And HEMT amplifiers are seriously affected by temperature variation. In this work, we propose compensation gate bias circuit for threshold voltage and temperature variations, and its application to the Ku- band MMIC power amplifier.
Puraquinonic Acid, a Novel Inducer of Differentiation of Human HL-60 Promyelocytic Leukemia Cells fromMycena pura(Pers. Ex Fr.) (1997)

Abstract The novel norilludalane sesquiterpene puraquinonic acid was isolated from mycelial cultures of the basidiomycete Mycena pura as an inducer of morphological and physiological differentiation of mammalian cells. It induces the differentiation of 30–40% of HL-60 cells into granulocyte- or monocyte/macrophage-like cells at 380 μM. At the same concentration, U-937 cells, which are blocked at a later stage of development, are affected to a much lesser extent. In addition to puraquinonic acid, strobilurin D, an antifungal metabolite previously reported from Cyphellopsis anomala, was also isolated.
Intratracheal treatment of surfactant plus topical steroids in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants following premature rupture of the membranes (2022)

Preterm birth following preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) increases the risk for severe neonatal respiratory failure, persistent pulmonary hypertension, pulmonary inflammation, dry lung syndrome and development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Surfactant may serve as a carrier for anti-inflammatory topical steroids. Recent studies showed a reduced risk for BPD in VLBW infants (birth weight <1500g) with severe respiratory distress syndrome after treatment with mixtures of pulmonary surfactant and budesonide (SurPluS).
Book Reviews (2013)

Feather, John; Matthews, Graham and Eden, Paul&#x0D; Preservation management: policies and practices in British libraries&#x0D; &#x0D; Jordan, Peter. Staff management in library and information work.&#x0D; &#x0D; Hopkins, Tracey. User education in academic libraries:&#x0D; results of 1995 CTILIS SurveY&#x0D; &#x0D; Muirhead, Graeme, Ed. The systems librarian: the role of the&#x0D; library systems manager&#x0D; &#x0D; Harris, Colin, Ed. The new university library: issues for the 90s&#x0D; and beyond. Essays in honour of Ian Rogerson.
P - N junction with donor and acceptor encapsulated single-walled carbon nanotubes (2009)

Ultimate one-dimensional heterojunctions of electron donor and acceptor materials have been realized within the inner hollow space of a single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT). The heterojunction structures of Cs/I and Cs/C60 inside SWNTs (Cs/I@SWNTs, Cs/C60@SWNTs) yield the air-stable rectifying performance. Clear tunneling currents through the p-n junction barrier could be also detected only for Cs/I@SWNTs, which is explained by the difference of depletion layer structures. Based on a potential calculation, symmetrical and asymmetrical depletion layers were found to be formed in Cs/I@SWNTs and Cs/C60@SWNTs, respectively. Low temperature measurements also supply evidence of asymmetric depletion layer formation in Cs/C60@SWNTs.
Fabrication of Various Types of ADC12 Aluminum Alloy Die Castings Containing Different Amount of Gases and Porous Aluminum Fabricated by Friction Stir Processing (2010)

Various types of ADC12 aluminum alloy die casting plates containing different amounts and types of gases were fabricated by varying the die casting conditions. Porous aluminum without the use of a blowing agent was fabricated by friction stir processing using the gases contained in the fabricated ADC12 aluminum alloy die casting plates. The effect of the amount of gases contained in the die castings on the foaming efficiency and the pore structures of obtained porous aluminum observed by X-ray CT inspection were investigated. It was shown that, although the expansion efficiency of each type of gas was not clear, the total amount of gases and porosity of obtained porous aluminum has good correlation. A porosity of approximately 60% was obtained with small area of pores and highly spherical.
Synthesis and characterization of new organosoluble polyamides derived from bis[4‐(4‐carboxyphenoxy) phenyl]diphenylmethane (2001)

Abstract A new dicarboxylic acid containing a diphenylmethylene linkage, bis[4‐(4‐carboxyphenoxy)phenyl]diphenylmethane (BCAPD), was prepared from bis(4‐hydroxphenyl)diphenylmethane and p ‐fluorobenzonitrile via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction followed by hydrolysis. A series of novel polyamides were prepared by the direct polycondensation of BCAPD and various aromatic diamines. The polymers were produced with moderate to high inherent viscosities of 0.80–0.85 dL g −1 . Nearly all the polymers were readily soluble in polar solvents such as N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidinone, N,N ‐dimethylacetamide, N,N ‐dimethylformamide, and dimethyl sulfoxide, in less polar solvents such as pyridine and cyclohexanone, and in tetrahydrofuran. All the polymers were amorphous, and the polyamide films had a tensile strength and a tensile modulus greater than 80 MPa and 2.0 GPa, respectively. These polyamides had glass‐transition temperatures between 249 and 274 °C, and their temperatures at a 10% weight loss were 477–538 and 483–540 °C in nitrogen and air atmospheres, respectively. © 2001 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 39: 1156–1161, 2001
Actions of ketamine, phencyclidine and MK‐801 on NMDA receptor currents in cultured mouse hippocampal neurones. (1991)

1. Stable N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor-mediated currents in cultured mouse hippocampal neurons were evoked by 20 ms pressure pulse applications of L-aspartate, repeatedly applied at 30 or 40 s intervals, to the cell body region of the neurone. We have characterized the voltage- and use-dependent blockade of the currents by three dissociative anaesthetics: ketamine, phencyclidine (PCP) and MK-801 in mouse hippocampal neurones grown in dissociated tissue culture. 2. We have used a simple model of the blockade, based on the 'guarded receptor hypothesis' to interpret our data. The model assumes that receptors are maximally activated at the peak of the response with an open probability (Po) approaching 1, that there is no desensitization and that the blocking drug only associates with, or dissociates from, receptor channels which have been activated by agonist (e.g. open channels). 3. The model allows us to estimate forward and reverse rate constants for binding of the blockers to open channels from measurements of the steady-state level of blockade and the rate of change of the current amplitude per pulse during onset and offset of blockade. As predicted by the model, the estimated reverse rate was independent of blocker concentration while the forward rate increased with concentration. Changing the level of positively charged ketamine (pKa 7.5) tenfold by changing pH from 6.5 to 8.5 caused a corresponding change in the forward rate while having no effect on the reverse rate. Most of the voltage dependence of the blockade could be accounted for by reduction of the reverse rate by depolarization. 4. Estimated forward rate constants for ketamine, PCP and MK-801 were similar to one another when measured under similar conditions and were 3 x 10(4) - 3 x 10(5) M-1 S-1. Most of the differences in potency of the three blockers could be accounted for by differences in the reverse rate constants which were approximately 0.2, 0.03 and 0.003 s-1 for ketamine, PCP and MK-801, respectively. The estimated rate constants actually are the product of the rate constants and 1/Po. Suggestions that maximum Po is much less than 1 for NMDA channels imply that both forward and reverse rate constants of blockade may in fact be larger than we have calculated. However, their magnitudes, relative to one another, are unaffected by this consideration. 5. The reverse rate constant of blockade increased at positive potentials. This increase was prevented when the neurone was loaded with N-methyl-D-glucamine, an impermeant cation which prevented outward currents.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Helicity Control in the Aggregation of Achiral Squaraine Dyes in Solution and Thin Films (2020)

Squaraine dyes are well known for their strong absorption in the visible regime. Reports on chiral squaraine dyes are, however, scarce. To address this gap, we here report two novel chiral squaraine dyes and their achiral counterparts. The presented dyes are aggregated in solution and in thin films. A detailed chiroptical study shows that thin films formed by co-assembling the chiral dye with its achiral counterpart exhibit exceptional photophysical properties. The circular dichroism (CD) of the co-assembled structures reaches a maximum when just 25 % of the chiral dye are present in the mixture. The solid structures with the highest relative CD effect are achieved when the chiral dye is used solely as a director, rather than the structural component. The chiroptical data are further supported by selected spin-filtering measurements using mc-AFM. These findings provide a promising platform for investigating the relationship between the dissymmetry of a supramolecular structure and emerging material properties rather than a comparison between a chiral molecular structure and an achiral counterpart.
Radiation of difference frequency generated by nonlinear interaction of a silicone rubber cylinder (1974)

We investigate both theoretically and experimentally a parametric source where the major part of the difference frequency generation occurs within a solid cylinder of silicone rubber. The primary waves (∼1.5 Mhz) are confined to a narrow region around the axis of the cylinder and, owing to the relatively high absorption at these frequencies, are largely attenuated before reaching the end of the cylinder. The silicone rubber cylinder serves two purposes: (1) owing to the low sound speed (∼1000 m/sec) and high parameter of nonlinearity (B/A ∼8) of the silicon rubber, the virtual sources are more than three times as strong as they would be in water; (2) again, owing to its low sound speed, the silicon rubber cylinder acts as a slow waveguide antenna, so that the beamwidth is considerably narrower than that which would be produced by a conventional parametric array of the same effective length. The system is analyzed by numerically solving the system of equations obtained by coupling the surface Helmholtz integral equation for the interior of the silicon cylinder (which includes the virtual sources) with the integral equation for the region exterior to the cylinder. Theory and experiment compare favorably.
Impact of Sampler Offset on Jitter Transfer in Clock and Data Recovery Circuits (2020)

This paper shows how the input offset of sampling flip-flops in the Alexander phase detector affects the jitter transfer from data to the recovered clock in a clock data recovery circuit. The Alexander phase detector samples the data at both the edges of the clock in order to recover the data, as well as the clock timing information. The timing information is used in a clock recovery circuit, which is basically a PLL or a DLL. Once the PLL (or DLL) is locked, the phase detector samples the data at the center of the eye as well as at the data transitions. It is shown how the offset of the sampling flip-flop that samples the data at its transitions influences the jitter transfer from data to the recovered clock. Importantly, it is shown that zero offset is not always the best case. The effect is studied for different levels of data dependent jitter. The mechanism of this phenomenon is explained and the predictions are supported with simulations. The paper also discusses a tracking circuit that keeps the offset at the minimum jitter point.
THE 22-KNOT SUPERFREIGHTERS NORBAY AND NORBANK (1994)

The paper describes the ferries NORBAY and NORBANK which operate between Hull and Rotterdam. The vessels are owned by North Sea Ferries and were built by Van der Giessen-de Noord. General arrangement drawings are included.
Field-effect modulated Seebeck coefficient measurements in an organic polymer using a microfabricated on-chip architecture (2014)

We developed an on-chip microfabricated architecture for high-accuracy gate voltage modulated Seebeck coefficient measurements on an organic field-effect transistor (FET). The microfabricated device comprises integrated heaters and temperature sensors that enable simultaneous Seebeck and FET measurements on devices with practical channel lengths on the order of 50 μm. We exemplify the capabilities of this architecture by investigating the transition from conduction in the semiconductor bulk to conduction in the accumulation layer of a conjugated polymer FET.
ABCB6 (MTABC3) excluded as the causative gene for the growth retardation syndrome with aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, and lactacidosis (2002)

GRACILE syndrome (growth retardation, aminoaciduria, cholestasis, iron overload, lactacidosis, and early death; OMIM 603358) is a rare metabolic disorder with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. So far it has been diagnosed only in patients with Finnish ancestors. The GRACILE locus has been positioned to a restricted region of chromosome 2q33-37, but the causative gene remains to be identified. The ABCB6 gene, involved in iron homeostasis, mitochondrial respiratory function, and maintenance of the stability of mitochondrial DNA, has been positioned to this same chromosomal region, and advocated in literature as a highly probable candidate gene for the syndrome on both functional and positional grounds. We carried out sequence and quantitative expression analyses to detect potential disease-associated mutations in the ABCB6 gene. No mutations in the coding region of ABCB6 were found, and the expression level of ABCB6 in patient fibroblasts was found to be comparable to controls. Haplotype analysis of the critical DNA region provided evidence for positional exclusion also. Based on these data, ABCB6 is not the causative gene for GRACILE syndrome.
Unsupervised On-Line Adaptation in Speaker Verification (2000)

This paper presents a new approach to on-line unsupervised adaptation in speaker verification. The approach extends previous work by (1) improving performance on the enrollment handset- type when adapting on a different handset-type (e.g., improving performance on cellular when adapting on a landline office phone), (2) accomplishing this cross channel improvement without increasing the size of the speaker model after adaptation, (3) employing a count-based, parameter-dependent smoothing algorithm that emphasizes the use of mean parameters in the speaker models until sufficient adaptation data are present to accurately estimate variances, and (4) developing a new confidence-based adaptation update weight which minimizes the corrupting effects on the speaker models from impostor attacks. Experimental results were completed on a gender-balanced database of Japanese digits with 5222 speaker models across mixed channel conditions (landline and cellular). After adaptations on 8 separate phone calls with a single 8-digit utterance per call and a 12.5% impostor attack rate, the EER was reduced by 61% (rel.) using the new unsupervised adaptation approach. This compares favorably to the (optimal) 84% reduction in EER resulting from supervised adaptation.
Autonomous Control of a Line Follower Robot Using a Q-Learning\n Controller (2020)

In this paper, a MIMO simulated annealing SA based Q learning method is\nproposed to control a line follower robot. The conventional controller for\nthese types of robots is the proportional P controller. Considering the unknown\nmechanical characteristics of the robot and uncertainties such as friction and\nslippery surfaces, system modeling and controller designing can be extremely\nchallenging. The mathematical modeling for the robot is presented in this\npaper, and a simulator is designed based on this model. The basic Q learning\nmethods are based pure exploitation and the epsilon-greedy methods, which help\nexploration, can harm the controller performance after learning completion by\nexploring nonoptimal actions. The simulated annealing based Q learning method\ntackles this drawback by decreasing the exploration rate when the learning\nincreases. The simulation and experimental results are provided to evaluate the\neffectiveness of the proposed controller.\n
Robust, low-cost, and accurate detection of recycled ICs using digital signatures (2018)

The continuous growth of recycled integrated circuits (ICs) poses a serious threat to our critical infrastructures due to their inferior quality and has become one of the major concerns to the government and the industry. Detection of these ICs is challenging especially when they have been used for a short period of time, as the process variations (especially in lower technology nodes) could outpace the degradation caused by aging. In this paper, we propose a robust, accurate, and low-cost solution for efficient detection of recycled ICs, even if they have been used for a very short period of time. The proposed solution utilizes a ring oscillator (RO), and a nonvolatile memory. It stores the RO frequency, conditions (e.g., supply voltage, temperature, and duration) for the frequency measurement, and a digital signature. The simulation and silicon results demonstrate that we can effectively detect recycled ICs used as low as one day.
Voting-based Approaches For Differentially Private Federated Learning (2020)

Differentially Private Federated Learning (DPFL) is an emerging field with many applications. Gradient averaging based DPFL methods require costly communication rounds and hardly work with large-capacity models, due to the explicit dimension dependence in its added noise. In this work, inspired by knowledge transfer non-federated privacy learning from Papernot et al.(2017; 2018), we design two new DPFL schemes, by voting among the data labels returned from each local model, instead of averaging the gradients, which avoids the dimension dependence and significantly reduces the communication cost. Theoretically, by applying secure multi-party computation, we could exponentially amplify the (data-dependent) privacy guarantees when the margin of the voting scores are large. Extensive experiments show that our approaches significantly improve the privacy-utility trade-off over the state-of-the-arts in DPFL.
LAMBERT: Layout-Aware (Language) Modeling for information extraction (2020)

We introduce a simple new approach to the problem of understanding documents where non-trivial layout influences the local semantics. To this end, we modify the Transformer encoder architecture in a way that allows it to use layout features obtained from an OCR system, without the need to re-learn language semantics from scratch. We only augment the input of the model with the coordinates of token bounding boxes, avoiding, in this way, the use of raw images. This leads to a layout-aware language model which can then be fine-tuned on downstream tasks. The model is evaluated on an end-to-end information extraction task using four publicly available datasets: Kleister NDA, Kleister Charity, SROIE and CORD. We show that our model achieves superior performance on datasets consisting of visually rich documents, while also outperforming the baseline RoBERTa on documents with flat layout (NDA \(F_{1}\) increase from 78.50 to 80.42). Our solution ranked first on the public leaderboard for the Key Information Extraction from the SROIE dataset, improving the SOTA \(F_{1}\)-score from 97.81 to 98.17.