gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Study of C 60 on Polycrystalline Platinum (1992)

We present scanning tunnelling micrographs of C60 molecules deposited on polycrystalline platinum, a substrate which enables stable imaging in contrast to other investigated substrate materials. On a submicron scale, we observe layers of C60 molecules separated by monomolecular steps. Individual C60 molecules can be imaged with submolecular resolution. These submolecular features can possibly be attributed to carbon atoms or to bonds of the C60 molecule.
Simulation based SAR-stereo analysis in layover areas (1998)

The authors show in an experiment on three overlapping Magellan images of the Venusian surface how the special consideration of a possible layover situation can improve the stereo-derived terrain model. The implemented semi-automated procedures reconstruct terrain slopes and at the same time distinguish between foreshortening and layover. Simulation is used as a tool for quality control and to merge information from opposite-side SAR images.
Structure Dominates Localization of Tracers within Aging Nanoparticle Glasses (2019)

We investigate the transport and localization of tracer probes in a glassy matrix as a function of relative size using dynamic X-ray scattering experiments and molecular dynamics simulations. The quiescent relaxations of tracer particles evolve with increasing waiting time, t<sub>w</sub>. The corresponding relaxation times increase exponentially at small t<sub>w</sub> and then transition to a power-law behavior at longer t<sub>w</sub>. As tracer size decreases, the aging behavior weakens and the particles become less localized within the matrix until they delocalize at a critical size ratio δ<sub>0</sub> ≈ 0.38. Localization does not vary with sample age even as the relaxations slow by approximately an order of magnitude, suggesting that matrix structure controls tracer localization.
Supplementary Fig. S4 from The antitumor properties of a nontoxic, nitric oxide–modified version of saquinavir are independent of Akt (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S4 from The antitumor properties of a nontoxic, nitric oxide–modified version of saquinavir are independent of Akt
Photovoltaic cells of fullerene/poly-phenylenevinylene derivative prepared by spray deposition (2004)

The spray deposition method has been developed as a new way of polymer ultra-thin film preparation for organic optoelectronic devices such as an organic photovoltaic cell (OPC). In this method, a highly diluted solution of an organic material is nebulized into air and concentrated under a controlled evaporation condition. The resulting aerosol is transported by a carrier gas and deposited onto a solid substrate. This method has substantial advantages that an almost insoluble and non-evaporative material can be fabricated into a thin film, and that a separate area coating and layer-by-layer structure of polymer materials can be performed. An OPC was prepared from highly diluted THF solutions (below 1 ppm) of fullerene/ poly-phenylenevinylene (PPV) derivative mixture. The device configuration, ITO/PEDOT-PSS/fullerene-PPV/LiF/Al, is known as a bulk hetero-junction PC. By control of temperature, we obtained homogeneous active layer by spray deposition. In addition, we can achieve power conversion efficiency of 0.63% using the active layer consist of fullerene: PPV(1:1). This method has significant potential to provide a structural control of the active layer and to reduce the cost of the OPCs drastically in spite that the power conversion efficiency is slightly lower than a PC prepared in same ratio by spin-coating.
STUDIES ON CURRENT DISTRIBUTION IN ELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS (1986)

Three studies of electrochemical current distribution have been performed usmg potential-theory models and the boundary-element method (BEM).1.The steady-state behavior of cells with nonuniform current density over a passivating anode is investigated.Current distributions calculated for a test cell, using the measured kinetic behavior of nickel in acid-nickel-sulfate solution, are compared to estimates from earlier models.Although current-density profiles determined by weight loss on a segmented rotating cylinder agreed satisfactorily with model calculations, the measured length of the passive zone exceeds the theoretical value.The model's applicability to anodic protection is demonstrated for a stainless-steel sulfuric-acid holding tank.
Borderline Slavery: Contemporary Issues in Border Security and the Human Trade (2012)

This podcast represents the keynote speech of the LAII's conference on Borderline Slavery: Contemporary Issues in Border Security and the Human Trade." In this keynote speech, Professor Dunn provides an overview of border immigration enforcement on the U.S.-Mexico border (mainly on the US side) over the past 15 years, his Border Militarization framework for interpreting it (whereby military act more like police and vice versa), and immigration trends in recent years (particularly from Mexico). Finally, he discusses the human rights implications of all of this, drawing on key concepts from the Sociology of Human Rights and briefly contrasting that with a Citizenship/National Sovereignty perspective. Timothy Dunn, Ph.D. Sociology at the University of Texas at Austin, is a Professor of Sociology at the Fulton School of Liberal Arts, Salisbury University. He is the author of two books on immigration, militarization of the border and human rights: Blockading the Border and Human Rights: The El Paso Operation that Remade Immigration Enforcement and The Militarization of the U.S.-Mexico Border, 1978-1992: Low Intensity Conflict Doctrine Comes Home. One area of research focus is on the Latino immigration story in the Maryland area and the intersection between citizenship rights and human rights, the results of which help to better inform area libraries and other social service providers about this rapidly growing population. The author of numerous professional articles and anthology chapters, Dr. Dunn's most recent work was presented at American Sociological Association (ASA) meeting in August 2012 on "Emerging Theories of Human Rights in Sociology: Human Agency, Social Structure, and Bureaucracy." As a faculty member at SU he has the opportunity to pursue his main interests, teaching and interacting with students. As a strong proponent of service- and experiential-learning, Dr. Dunn hopes to aid the establishment of study-abroad/international exchange programs between SU and universities in Mexico. He is also engaged in community service work related to recent Latino immigration to this area. In general, he strives to build cross-disciplinary bridges with students and faculty around issues of mutual interest, such as Latin American Studies, Border Studies, Human Rights and International Migration.
Photoexcitation and Electron Transfer Reactions of Zinc Lipidporphyrins in DMSO (1999)

The photophysical and photochemical properties of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis{α,α,α,α-o-[2′,2′-dimethyl-20′-((2″-(trimethylammonio)ethyl)phosphonatoxy)alkanamido]phenyl}porphinatozinc(II) (zinc lipidporphyrins, ZnLPs ( C 10 , C 18 )) have been studied in homogeneous DMSO solution and compared with those of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis{α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl}porphinatozinc(II) ( ZnTpivPP ) and tetrakis-phenylporphinatozinc(II) ( ZnTPP ). The fluorescence quantum yields of the ZnLPs were lower than that of ZnTPP , but their fluorescence lifetimes were relatively long. The electron transfer reactions from the photoexcited states of these Zn porphyrin complexes to several quinone derivatives were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and laser flash photolysis. The efficiences of oxidative quenching of the excited porphyrins via a dynamic process were significantly decreased by the presence of the bulky substituents on one side of the porphyrin macrocycle. This steric effect of the porphyrin side-chains was quantitatively examined by the Marcus classical treatment.
Respiration gating beam steering to precisely target a movable stone in shock wave lithotripsy (2015)

In this study, a foam mask is introduced to elongate the beam width in the focal plane of a shock wave lithotripter, and a respiration gating beam steering strategy is proposed to accurately target stones, which are movable because of patient respiratory motion, radiation force, hydraulics, gravity, etc. The mask is steered to revolve the elongated elliptical focal zone of the acoustic field, so as to cover as much as possible the stone moving area. The beam steering strategy provides the most opportunity to deliver the shock wave energy straightly on the moving stones but not to the peripheral tissues, enhancing the stone fracture efficacy whilst reducing tissue injury. Simulation results with specific stone motion models are given to proof the advantages of the elongated focal zone in tracking stone target, and show that the stone overlap in the focal zone is improved significantly and competitively with the beam steering strategy, compared with no beam steering.
Activin-A limits Th17 pathogenicity and autoimmune neuroinflammation via CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases and Hif1-α–dependent pathways (2020)

In multiple sclerosis (MS), Th17 cells are critical drivers of autoimmune central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelination. Th17 cells exhibit functional heterogeneity fostering both pathogenic and nonpathogenic, tissue-protective functions. Still, the factors that control Th17 pathogenicity remain incompletely defined. Here, using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, an established mouse MS model, we report that therapeutic administration of activin-A ameliorates disease severity and alleviates CNS immunopathology and demyelination, associated with decreased activation of Th17 cells. In fact, activin-A signaling through activin-like kinase-4 receptor represses pathogenic transcriptional programs in Th17-polarized cells, while it enhances antiinflammatory gene modules. Whole-genome profiling and in vivo functional studies revealed that activation of the ATP-depleting CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases is essential for activin-A-induced suppression of the pathogenic signature and the encephalitogenic functions of Th17 cells. Mechanistically, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor, along with STAT3 and c-Maf, are recruited to promoter elements on <i>Entpd1</i> and <i>Nt5e</i> (encoding CD39 and CD73, respectively) and other antiinflammatory genes, and control their expression in Th17 cells in response to activin-A. Notably, we show that activin-A negatively regulates the metabolic sensor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α, and key inflammatory proteins linked to pathogenic Th17 cell states. Of translational relevance, we demonstrate that activin-A is induced in the CNS of individuals with MS and restrains human Th17 cell responses. These findings uncover activin-A as a critical controller of Th17 cell pathogenicity that can be targeted for the suppression of autoimmune CNS inflammation.
Optimal beam pattern design for very large sensor arrays with sparse sampling (2013)

The main goal of this work is to adaptively employ a large set of microphone sensors distributed in multiple dimensions to scan an acoustic field. Processing data from a large set of sensors will necessarily involve intelligent definition of suitable subsets of sensors active at various times. This paper presents a novel method for optimal beam pattern design for large scale sensor arrays using convex and non-convex optimization techniques to define optimal subsets of sensors capable to select a target location while suppressing a large number of interferences. The first of two optimization techniques we present, uses a LASSO-type approach to convexify the corresponding combinatorial optimization problem. The second approach employs simulated annealing to search for optimal solutions with a fixed size subset of active sensors. Our numerical simulations show that for scenarios of practical interest, the convex optimization solution is almost optimal.
Competitive Collaboration: Joint Unsupervised Learning of Depth, Camera Motion, Optical Flow and Motion Segmentation (2019)

We address the unsupervised learning of several interconnected problems in low-level vision: single view depth prediction, camera motion estimation, optical flow, and segmentation of a video into the static scene and moving regions. Our key insight is that these four fundamental vision problems are coupled through geometric constraints. Consequently, learning to solve them together simplifies the problem because the solutions can reinforce each other. We go beyond previous work by exploiting geometry more explicitly and segmenting the scene into static and moving regions. To that end, we introduce Competitive Collaboration, a framework that facilitates the coordinated training of multiple specialized neural networks to solve complex problems. Competitive Collaboration works much like expectation-maximization, but with neural networks that act as both competitors to explain pixels that correspond to static or moving regions, and as collaborators through a moderator that assigns pixels to be either static or independently moving. Our novel method integrates all these problems in a common framework and simultaneously reasons about the segmentation of the scene into moving objects and the static background, the camera motion, depth of the static scene structure, and the optical flow of moving objects. Our model is trained without any supervision and achieves state-of-the-art performance among joint unsupervised methods on all sub-problems.
Influence of shell thickness and surface passivation on PbS/CdS core/shell colloidal quantum dot solar cells (2014)

Cation-exchange has been used to synthesize PbS/CdS core/shell colloidal quantum dots from PbS starting cores. These were then incorporated as the active material in solar cell test devices using a solution-based, air-ambient, layer-by-layer spin coating process. We show that core/shell colloidal quantum dots can replace their unshelled counterparts with a similar band gap as the active layer in a solar cell device, leading to an improvement in open circuit voltage from 0.42 to 0.66 V. This improvement is attributed to a reduction in recombination as a result of the passivating shell. However, this increase comes at the expense of short circuit current by creating a barrier for transport. To overcome this, we first optimize the shell thickness by varying the conditions for cation-exchange to form the thinnest shell layer possible that provides sufficient surface passivation. Next, ligand exchange with a combination of halide and bifunctional organic molecules is used in conjunction with the core/shell strategy. Power conversion efficiencies of 5.6 ± 0.4% have been achieved with a simple heterojunction device architecture.
Investigation for insertion loss of noise barrier for sound source moving at high speed (2003)

道路沿道や鉄道沿線住民の生活環境保全を目的とする騒音対策手法の一つとして，防音壁が用いられている。特に新幹線鉄道などの高速鉄道では，環境基準を達成する必要性から，住宅地に近隣した区間においては，防音壁の設置が必要不可欠な状況にある。交通機関の騒音予測では，実際には移動している音源を静止したものと仮定して，受音点での騒音を求める手法が用いられる。しかし本来，音源が移動する場合はドップラー効果による周波数変調などにより音源の特性が変化することが知られている。近年では，高速鉄道の速度向上がめざましく，走行速度が速くなり，超伝導磁気浮上式鉄道では0.5Machにも近づこうとしており，移動速度が亜音速の領域でもマッハ数が無視できないほど速い場合には，その変化による影響が無視できるのか，できないのか，その判断に対する知見が必要と考えられる。このような背景から，本論文では，音源が超高速で移動する場合の防音壁の遮音量について，静止した条件との違いについて，明らかにすることを目的とした。\n まず，Duhamelが提案した2次元円筒波音場におけるあらゆる周波数の解をFourier変換することで3次元球面波音場での特定周波数の解を求められるという積分変換理論を応用し，音源の移動による周波数の変調など音源の特性が変化する場合に拡張することを検討した。これに対応した積分変換式を導き，本手法を用いて音源が移動する際の防音壁の挿入損失について検討を行った。\n Duhamelの手法を用いた数値計算結果から，音源が高速で移動する場合には，進行方向へ強い指向性を持つ影響により，受音点における音圧レベルが最大となる点は，音源の移動方向に対して受音点の正面より負の位置である手前側に移動する。また，防音壁がある場合には，最大値はさらに手前側に移動し，その移動量は，速度に応じて大きくなる。防音壁の挿入損失の最大値は，速度が速くなるに従い大きくなる傾向があり，音源が受音点の正面で静止している場合と比べて最大となる点は手前側に移動することが分かった。\n 次に，音源が移動する場合の挿入損失について，交通騒音に対する騒音予測手法の中で一般的に用いられている前川の実験式を用いた簡易予測手法を考えた。\n 前川の実験式のフレネル数を求める際に，各音源の位置に対応した音源の変調周波数の波長を代入することで，音源の周波数を考慮した回折減衰量を算出し，さらに，音源が移動する際に進行方向に強くなる指向性の変化を考慮した場合の音圧レベルを用いて計算を試みた。この計算結果から，周波数の変調と指向性を考慮した場合の音圧レベルの変動の傾向は，防音壁の有無にかかわらず，Duhamelの手法を用いて数値計算により求めた結果と0.5dB以内の精度で一致している。また，音源の周波数変調に伴う挿入損失の違いと音源の指向性の変化を考慮に入れて受音点での音圧レベルの変化を算出した結果は，いずれの受音点においても，速度が速くなるに従い音圧レベルの最大値は大きくなり，最大となる位置は中心より手前に移る傾向がある。\n 音源が高速で移動する時の防音壁の挿入損失について，実験により検討するために，高加速及び高減速度に耐える音源を製作し，その音源を高速で移動させ受音点の音圧レベルの変化を測定し，防音壁の挿入損失について検討した。\n 各速度で音源を移動した場合に，各受音点で観測された音圧レベルの変化から見ると，どの受音点においても音圧レベルが最大となる位置は，速度が速くなるに従い，手前側に移動する傾向がある。防音壁がある場合は，防音壁がない場合に比べて，音圧レベルが最大となる位置は，さらに手前側に移動している。また，各受音点における防音壁の挿入損失として，防音壁設置前後の音圧レベル差を求めた。その挿入損失の最大となる位置は，音源の速度が速くなるに従い手前側になる傾向があり，挿入損失の最大値は速度が上昇するに従い，速度とともにわずかながら大きくなる傾向があることが分かった。\n 各受音点における防音壁の挿入損失について，実験により求めた防音壁の挿入損失と，計算により求めた挿入損失とを比較した結果，実験値と計算値とはほぼ一致し，挿入損失が最大となる位置は，手前側に移動しており，最大値は，速度が速くなるに従い挿入損失の最大値は大きくなる傾向にある。\n これまでの騒音予測手法では，移動している音源に対する騒音を予測する際にも音源は静止しているものと仮定して計算を行っており，防音壁がある場合には受音点の正面に音源が来た時に挿入損失が最大となるとしている。しかし，本論文における検討結果から，音源が高速で移動する場合には，挿入損失が最大となる位置は，手前側に移動し，音源の速度に伴い挿入損失が大きくなるなど，音源が静止している条件とは異なることが明らかになった。\n 本論文により，音源が高速で移動する場合の受音点における騒音を予測するには，音源の速度に応じた挿入損失を用いると共に速度により変化する音源の指向特性を考慮して算出する必要があることを明らかに出来た。
Thermophilic and thermoacidophilic biopolymer degrading genes and enzymes from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and related organisms, methods (2023)

Isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius are provided. Further provided are methods of at least partially degrading, cleaving, or removing polysaccharides, lignocellulose, cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, chitin, polyhydroxybutyrate, heteroxylans, glycosides, xylan-, glucan-, galactan, or mannan-decorating groups using isolated and/or purified polypeptides and nucleic acid sequences encoding polypeptides from Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius.
Количественные характеристики работы с цитатами в Википедии. (Часть 3) (2021)

Wikipedia is one of the most visited sites on the Web and a common source of information for many users. As an encyclopedia, Wikipedia was not conceived as a source of original information, but as a gateway to secondary sources: according to Wikipedia’s guidelines, facts must be backed up by reliable sources that reflect the full spectrum of views on the topic. Although citations lie at the heart of Wikipedia, little is known about how users interact with them. To close this gap, we built client-side instrumentation for logging all interactions with links leading from English Wikipedia articles to cited references during one month, and conducted the first analysis of readers’ interactions with citations. We find that overall engagement with citations is low: about one in 300 page views results in a reference click (0,29% overall; 0,56% on desktop; 0,13% on mobile). Matched observational studies of the factors associated with reference clicking reveal that clicks occur more frequently on shorter pages and on pages of lower quality, suggesting that references are consulted more commonly when Wikipedia itself does not contain the information sought by the user. Moreover, we observe that recent content, open access sources, and references about life events (births, deaths, marriages, etc.) are particularly popular. Taken together, our findings deepen our understanding of Wikipedia’s role in a global information economy where reliability is ever less certain, and source attribution ever more vital.
Multiband non-resonant antenna system with reduced ground clearance (2017)

Small and multiband antennas are crucial elements for wireless devices. On one hand, the space devoted to the antenna is small due to the presence of other electronic components in the device. On the other hand, the number of frequency bands with the inclusion of 4G is relevant. In order to achieve a small and multiband antenna, a strategy using a non-resonant element in combination with a passive multiband matching network is proposed. Also, in order to facilitate the integration of other electronic components in the device, the ground clearance is reduced and its impact on efficiency has been evaluated. The feasibility of the proposal is analyzed both in the simulation domain as well as with a prototype to validate the results. The proposed architecture comprises a non-resonant element of 12 mm × 3 mm × 2.4 mm (h) operating at 824MHz-960MHz and 1710MHz-2690MHz with a ground clearance of 20 mm × 11 mm suitable for smartphones.
Fumarate hydratase variant prevalence and manifestations among individuals receiving germline testing (2021)

The prevalence of HLRCC discovered incidentally on germline testing is similar to recent population carrier estimates, and this suggests that this is a relatively common cancer syndrome. Compared with those with negative genetic testing, those with VUSs had an elevated risk of RCC, whereas those with AR FMRD variants did not.
P1–169: Clinical and neuropathologic studies of age–related cognitive loss in Mumbai, India (2006)

Over the last decade or two, India has experienced rapid economic progress and has instituted public health initiatives leading to a remarkable increase in the life expectancy of its people with associated projections for greatly increasing numbers of individuals surviving to advanced age. With this in mind, we have begun a research development project at Nair Hospital, Mumbai for clinical and neuropathologic study of age–related cognitive loss. We present preliminary results of this study. We have employed methodology similar to that in Mount Sinai Alzheimer Disease Research Center (ADRC) for functional and neuropsychological assessments. Additionally, we have been examining brain specimens for AD related pathology in consecutive autopsy cases (in the 60+ age group) of the hospital's pathology service. For cognitive studies we have employed Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) and Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE, translated into Hindi) as quantitative domains of the comprehensive Standardized Clinical Dementia Evaluation of 112 elderly subjects for longitudinal study. Neuropathological studies were carried out on 26 brain specimens derived from elderly subjects (>60 years) autopsied in Mumbai and compared with age–matched cases from the Mount Sinai autopsy service. The 112 subjects include 33 controls (CDR 0) and 79 cognitively impaired individuals (CDR 0.5, n=20; CDR 1, n=20; CDR 2, n=27 and CDR 3, n=12). The mean MMSE (±SD) correlated well with the severity of dementia (CDR=0, 26.4±SD 3.9; CDR=0.5, 22.3±4.6; CDR=1, 17.8±3.8; CDR=2, 14.4±5.9 and CDR=3, 3.7±4.2). The preliminary results of brain pathology indicate a lesser degree of both neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation in the specimens derived from Mumbai (see Table 1). These data indicate that dementia exists among the dramatically increasing elderly population of Mumbai and may be characterized using approaches more widely employed in the developed world. In addition, preliminary data from neuropathologic studies suggest that the degree of AD–related brain pathology is seen to a lesser degree in the elderly of Mumbai, when compared to New York.
Optimization of EVS Speech/Music Classifier based on Deep Learning (2018)

EVS (Enhanced Voice Services) is a multi-mode codec proposed by 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) for 4G mobile services with a good performance and codec quality. The key technology of EVS lies in the flexible switch between speech and audio coding mode which mostly depends on the speech/music classifier. In general, the music signal is more complex than speech signal, and it conform less to any known LP (Linear Prediction)-based model. Taking the EVS’s internal classifier as a baseline system, this study presents the optimization of the speech/music classifier from the perspective of neural network. The paper demonstrates the effectiveness of the optimized system on the MUSAN database. The experimental results show that the optimized system can improve the performance of the classifier, especially for music classification. Performed subjective experiments indicate that the proposed classification architecture improves perceived audio quality of the EVS codec.
Erratum: “A charge inverter for III-nitride light-emitting diodes” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 108, 133502 (2016)] (2016)

First Page