gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Attenuated Rabies Virus Activates, while Pathogenic Rabies Virus Evades, the Host Innate Immune Responses in the Central Nervous System (2005)

Rabies virus (RV) induces encephalomyelitis in humans and animals. However, the pathogenic mechanism of rabies is not fully understood. To investigate the host responses to RV infection, we examined and compared the pathology, particularly the inflammatory responses, and the gene expression profiles in the brains of mice infected with wild-type (wt) virus silver-haired bat RV (SHBRV) or laboratory-adapted virus B2C, using a mouse genomic array (Affymetrix). Extensive inflammatory responses were observed in animals infected with the attenuated RV, but little or no inflammatory responses were found in mice infected with wt RV. Furthermore, attenuated RV induced the expression of the genes involved in the innate immune and antiviral responses, especially those related to the alpha/beta interferon (IFN-alpha/beta) signaling pathways and inflammatory chemokines. For the IFN-alpha/beta signaling pathways, many of the interferon regulatory genes, such as the signal transduction activation transducers and interferon regulatory factors, as well as the effector genes, for example, 2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase and myxovirus proteins, are highly induced in mice infected with attenuated RV. However, many of these genes were not up-regulated in mice infected with wt SHBRV. The data obtained by microarray analysis were confirmed by real-time PCR. Together, these data suggest that attenuated RV activates, while pathogenic RV evades, the host innate immune and antiviral responses.
Corrigendum to: 'Summary Statement. EHRA Summit 2010 with the Participation of Central-Eastern European Countries: "ICD for Life" Initiative - Fighting against Sudden Cardiac Death in Emerging Economies' [Europace 2011;13:1209-10, doi:10.1093/europace/eur158] (2011)

TWA magnitude and the area under the corresponding T-wave as he proposed. However, the TWA values at the peak of the T-wave were nearly equal to maximum TWA values in the three patients who developed ventricular tachyarrhythmias, as illustrated in figures 2 and 3 in our paper. 3 Notably, in the patient with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction and sustained ventricular tachycardia, TWA at the peak of the T-wave exactly matched the maximum TWA in all phases (figure 2 of our paper). 3 Thus, our finding that there was no significant positive correlation between TWA magnitude and the corresponding T-wave amplitude is sufficient evidence to prove that the upsurge in TWA was not merely a consequence of increased T-wave amplitude but provided a measure of the degree of cardiac electrical instability. Furthermore, the presence of visible macroscopic TWA before the onset of ventricular tachyarrhythmias is the most decisive proof.
Laparoscopic laser assisted auto-augmentation of the pediatric neurogenic bladder: early experience with urodynamic followup. (1996)

While this technique has the potential to offer minimally invasive correction in patients with low capacity, high pressure bladders, further modifications will be required to achieve long-term success.
Improved Mandarin Keyword Spotting Using Confusion Garbage Model (2010)

This paper presents an improved acoustic keyword spotting (KWS) algorithm using a novel confusion garbage model in Mandarin conversational speech. Observing the KWS corpus, we found there are many words with similar pronunciation with predefined keywords, although they have different Chinese characters and different meanings, which easily result in high false alarm rate. In this paper, an improved acoustic KWS method with confusion garbage models was developed that absorbs similar pronunciation words confused with specific keywords for a given task. One obvious advantage of such method is that it provides a flexible framework to implement the selection procedure and reduce false alarm rate effectively for a specific task. The efficiency of the proposed architecture was evaluated under HMM-based confidence measures (CM) methods and demonstrated on a conversational telephone dataset.
Potts Model, Parametric Maxflow and K-Submodular Functions (2013)

The problem of minimizing the Potts energy function frequently occurs in computer vision applications. One way to tackle this NP-hard problem was proposed by Kovtun [19, 20]. It identifies a part of an optimal solution by running k maxflow computations, where k is the number of labels. The number of "labeled" pixels can be significant in some applications, e.g. 50-93% in our tests for stereo. We show how to reduce the runtime to O(log k) maxflow computations (or one parametric maxflow computation). Furthermore, the output of our algorithm allows to speed-up the subsequent alpha expansion for the unlabeled part, or can be used as it is for time-critical applications. To derive our technique, we generalize the algorithm of Felzenszwalb et al. [7] for Tree Metrics. We also show a connection to k-sub modular functions from combinatorial optimization, and discuss k-sub modular relaxations for general energy functions.
Adding Non-Linear Context to Deep Networks (2022)

Enormous success has been achieved with deep neural networks consisting of standard linear-convolutions followed by simple non-linear mapping functions. In this paper, we add easily-computed non-linear local and global statistics to deep architectures, augmenting the information available at each layer. This additional information is then used in an identical manner to current processing. The summary statistics, which can be as simple as calculating within-channel variance, introduces little run-time computational overhead and can be instantiated with few extra parameters. All standard training procedures can be used without modification for training these augmented networks. We show, through extensive testing with ResNet on ImageNet, performance improvements across a wide range of network sizes. Additionally, we provide a detailed study of where within the deep networks these statistics are most effective.
Towards understanding perception in the latest era of AI in medical imaging (Conference Presentation) (2020)

The study of human perception is as old as medical imaging. Understanding perception has yielded the rules of engagement for radiologists as they tackle the “Where’s Waldo?” situations, the satisfaction of search problem, distractions, fatigue, the varying subtlties of disease states and normal, their prior training and experience, and the somewhat endless non-image-interpretation tasks associated with a radiology practice. The understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) on a radiologist’s interpretation can be likened to considering the suggestions from a first-year resident to incorporating insights from a seasoned expert. Kundel’s eye gaze experiments which demonstrated the search patterns of radiologists and laymen continue to be used today to understand the added influence of AI in the end user’s performance. Multi-disciplinary perception research has evolved from understanding human performance in the interpretation of medical images, to the understanding of computer-aided diagnosis (CAD), and to now the understanding of AI -- either as an aid to radiologists as a second reader, a concurrent reader, or a primary reader, or as a complete replacement. This lecture will take the audience through history to appreciate the role and necessity of perception (and its associated metrics of performance) in the development, validation, and ultimate future implementation of AI in the clinical radiology workflow.
The von Willebrand Inhibitor ARC1779 Reduces Cerebral Embolization After Carotid Endarterectomy (2011)

von Willebrand factor inhibition reduces thromboembolism in humans. It may play a role in treatment of stroke and myocardial ischemia. The extent to which bleeding complications occur in nonoperated patients needs to be assessed in further studies. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00742612.
Multiple relative pose graphs for robust cooperative mapping (2010)

This paper describes a new algorithm for cooperative and persistent simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) using multiple robots. Recent pose graph representations have proven very successful for single robot mapping and localization. Among these methods, incremental smoothing and mapping (iSAM) gives an exact incremental solution to the SLAM problem by solving a full nonlinear optimization problem in real-time. In this paper, we present a novel extension to iSAM to facilitate online multi-robot mapping based on multiple pose graphs. Our main contribution is a relative formulation of the relationship between multiple pose graphs that avoids the initialization problem and leads to an efficient solution when compared to a completely global formulation. The relative pose graphs are optimized together to provide a globally consistent multi-robot solution. Efficient access to covariances at any time for relative parameters is provided through iSAM, facilitating data association and loop closing. The performance of the technique is illustrated on various data sets including a publicly available multi-robot data set. Further evaluation is performed in a collaborative helicopter and ground robot experiment.
Large-aperture multiple quantum well modulating retroreflector for free-space optical data transfer on unmanned aerial vehicles (2001)

We describe progress in the development of a multiple quan- tum well modulating retroreflector, including a description of recent dem- onstrations of an infrared data link between a small rotary-wing un- manned airborne vehicle and a ground-based laser interrogator using the device designed and fabricated at the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). Modulating retroreflector systems couple an optical retroreflector, such as a corner cube, and an electro-optic shutter to allow two-way optical communications using a laser, telescope, and pointer-tracker on only one platform. The NRL modulating retroreflector uses a semiconductor-based multiple quantum well shutter capable of modula- tion rates greater than 10 Mbps, depending on link characteristics. The technology enables the use of near-infrared frequencies, which is well known to provide covert communications immune to frequency allocation problems. This specific device has the added advantage of being com- pact, lightweight, covert, and requires very low paper. Up to an order of magnitude in onboard power can be saved using a small array of these devices instead of the radio frequency equivalent. In the described dem- onstration, a Mbps optical link to an unmanned aerial vehicle in flight at a range of 100 to 200 feet is shown. Near real-time compressed video was also demonstrated at the Mbps level and is described. © 2001 Society of
Convenient Synthesis and Isolation of Conformationally Rigid Glutamic Acid Analogues. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Atomistic simulations of amorphous alumina surfaces (2006)

The surface structure of amorphous ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been studied using atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The density profiles indicate that oxygen is preferred at the surface causing Al enrichment just below $(&lt;2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{\AA{}})$ the surface. Distributions of coordination numbers, bondlengths and bond angles indicate that edge sharing Al tetrahedra configurations are more preferred at the surface than in the bulk. Structural differences of amorphous and crystalline alumina surfaces are discussed.
Advanced copy propagation for arrays (2003)

The focus of this paper is on a data flow-transformation called advanced copy propagation. After an array is assigned, we can, under certain conditions, replace a read from this array by the righthand side of the assignment. If so, the intermediate assignment can be skipped. In case it becomes dead code, it can be eliminated. Where necessary we distinguish between the different elements of arrays as well as the different runtime instances of statements, allowing us to do propagation over global loop and condition scopes. We have formalized two basic operations: non-recursive propagation that operates on two statements and recursive propagation that operates on one statement. A global algorithm uses these two operations to do propagation on code involving any number of statements. Running our prototype implementation on some multimedia kernels shows that we can get a decrease in memory acesses between 22% and 43%.
Combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson using up to 4.9 fb−1 of pp collision data at s=7 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC (2012)

A combined search for the Standard Model Higgs boson with the ATLAS experiment at the LHC using datasets corresponding to integrated luminosities from 1.04 fb -1 to 4.9 fb -1 of pp collisions collected at s = 7 TeV is presented. The Higgs boson mass ranges 112.9-115.5 GeV, 131-238 GeV and 251-466 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level (CL), while the range 124-519 GeV is expected to be excluded in the absence of a signal. An excess of events is observed around m H 126 GeV with a local significance of 3.5 standard deviations ( ). The local significances of H , H Z Z ( * ) + -+ - and H W W ( * ) + -, the three most sensitive channels in this mass range, are 2.8 , 2.1 and 1.4 , respectively. The global probability for the background to produce such a fluctuation anywhere in the explored Higgs boson mass range 110-600 GeV is estimated to be 1.4% or, equivalently, 2.2 .
Noise transmission properties and control strategies for composite structures (1991)

A study of several component technologies required to apply active control techniques to reduce interior noise in composite aircraft structures is described. The mechanisms of noise transmission in an all composite, large-scale, fuselage model are studied in an experimental program and found similar to mechanisms found in conventional aircraft construction. Two primary conditions of structural acoustic response are found to account for the dominant interior acoustic response. A preliminary study of active noise control in cylinders used piezoceramic actuators as force inputs for a simple aluminum fuselage model. These actuators provided effective control for the same two conditions of noise transmission found in the composite fuselage structure. The use of piezoceramic actuators to apply force inputs overcomes the weight and structural requirements of conventional shaker actuators. Finally, in order to accurately simulate these types of actuators in a cylindrical shell, two analytical models are investigated that apply either in-plane forces or bending moments along the boundaries of a finite patch. It is shown that the bending model may not be as effective as the force model for exciting the low order azimuthal modes that typically dominate the structural acoustic response in these systems. This result will affect the arrangement and distribution of actuators required for effective active control systems.
Photoinduced insulator-to-metal transition in ZnO∕Mg0.15Zn0.85O heterostructures (2008)

We report on the persistent photoconductivity accompanied with a steep insulator-to-metal transition at low temperatures in ZnO∕Mg0.15Zn0.85O heterostructures. The photoexcited electrons were confined in the ZnO adjacent to the Mg0.15Zn0.85O to form a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG). The electron density was controlled either by the power or number of ultraviolet laser pulses (266nm wavelength) irradiated to the sample. The 2DEG exhibits Shubnikov-de Haas oscillation in magnetoresistance, whose oscillation periods coincide with the electron density evaluated by Hall effect measurements.
Modeling of rate and perceptual quality of video and its application to frame rate adaptive rate control (2011)

In a prior work, we have developed both rate and perceptual quality models for temporal and amplitude (i.e., SNR) scalable video produced by the H.264/SVC encoder. In this paper, we validate from experimental data that the functional form of the rate model is applicable to H.264/AVC encoded video, which has the same temporal scalability but no SNR scalability, but the model parameter values differ. We further investigate how to predict both rate and quality model parameters using content features computed from the original video. Experimental data show that with proper feature combination, we can estimate the model parameters very accurately, and the estimated bit rate and quality using the predicted model parameters match with the measured bit rate and quality with high Pearson correlation (PC) and small root mean square error (RMSE). We have implemented a simple pre-processor in the H.264/AVC encoder to guide the frame rate adaptive rate control. Results show that our model-based frame rate adaptive rate control outperforms the default rate control algorithm with better quality.
Technical Note. Accuracy of Object Depiction and Opacity Transfer Function Optimization in CT Volume-Rendered Images (1998)

Volume rendering is a visualization technique that has important applications in diagnostic radiology and radiotherapy. A methodology is presented for (a) evaluation of the quantitative accuracy of representation of known objects in volume-rendered scenes and for (b) optimization of the opacity transfer function to achieve the most accurate representation of a particular structure. Results using this methodology are shown for structures representing each of the major tissue interfaces and are discussed.
Validation of the Sonomat Against PSG and Quantitative Measurement of Partial Upper Airway Obstruction in Children With Sleep-Disordered Breathing (2017)

The Sonomat accurately diagnoses SDB in children using current metrics. In addition, it permits quantification of partial airway obstruction that can be used to better describe pediatric SDB. Its non-contact design makes it ideal for use in children.
The La RNA-binding Protein Interacts with the Vault RNA and Is a Vault-associated Protein (2002)

Vaults are highly conserved ubiquitous ribonucleoprotein particles with an undefined function. Three protein species (p240/TEP1, p193/VPARP, and p100/MVP) and a small RNA comprise the 13-MDa vault particle. The expression of the unique 100-kDa major vault protein is sufficient to form the basic vault structure. Previously, we have shown that stable association of the vault RNA with the vault particle is dependent on its interaction with the p240/TEP1 protein. To identify other proteins that interact with the vault RNA, we used a UV-cross-linking assay. We find that a portion of the vault RNA is complexed with the La autoantigen in a separate smaller ribonucleoprotein particle. La interacts with the vault RNA (both in vivo and in vitro) presumably through binding to 3'-uridylates. Moreover, we also demonstrate that the La autoantigen is the 50-kDa protein that we have previously reported as a protein that co-purifies with vaults.
Association of plasma fibrinogen level and blood pressure with diabetic retinopathy, and renal complications associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, in Type 2 diabetes mellitus (1999)

These data suggest that in patients with Type 2 DM, an increased blood viscosity due to high fibrinogen level as well as an elevated intravessel pressure play a role in the development of diabetic retinopathy, and that the progression to PDR is influenced or accompanied by the deterioration of renal status.
Parallel output, liquid flooded flow-focusing microfluidic device for generating monodisperse microbubbles within a catheter (2011)

A new method for supplying the liquid phase to a flow focusing microfluidic device (FFMD), designed for the production of monodisperse microbubbles (MBs), is introduced. The FFMD is coupled to a pressurized liquid-filled chamber, avoiding the need for dedicated liquid phase tubing or interconnects from the external field to the microfluidics device. This method significantly reduces the complexity of FFMD fabrication and simplifies the parallelization of FFMDs - an important consideration for increasing MB production rate. Using this new method, flooded FFMDs were fabricated and MB diameter and production rate were measured. The minimum MB size produced was 7.1±0.5 µm. The maximum production rate from a single nozzle FFMD was 333,000, MB/s. Production was increased 1.5-fold using a two nozzle, parallelized device, for a maximum production rate of approximately 500,000 MB/s. In addition to increased production, the flooded design allows for miniaturization, with the smallest FFMD measuring 14.5 × 2.8 × 2.3 mm. Finally, B-mode and intravascular ultrasound images were obtained, highlighting the potential for flooded FFMDs to generate microbubbles in situ in a catheter and immediately thereafter image the same MBs in a target blood vessel.
Syndromic patent ductus arteriosus: Evidence for haploinsufficientTFAP2Bmutations and identification of a linked sleep disorder (2005)

Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a common congenital heart disease that results when the ductus arteriosus, a muscular artery, fails to remodel and close after birth. A syndromic form of this disorder, Char syndrome, is caused by mutation in TFAP2B, the gene encoding a neural crest-derived transcription factor. Established features of the syndrome are PDA, facial dysmorphology, and fifth-finger clinodactyly. Disease-causing mutations are missense and are proposed to be dominant negative. Because only a small number of families have been reported, there is limited information on the spectrum of mutations and resulting phenotypes. We report the characterization of two kindreds (K144 and K145) with Char syndrome containing 22 and 5 affected members, respectively. Genotyping revealed linkage to TFAP2B in both families. Sequencing of TFAP2B demonstrated mutations in both kindreds that were not found among control chromosomes. Both mutations altered highly conserved bases in introns required for normal splicing as demonstrated by biochemical studies in mammalian cells. The abnormal splicing results in mRNAs containing frameshift mutations that are expected to be degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay, resulting in haploinsufficiency; even if produced, the protein in K144 would lack DNA binding and dimerization motifs and would likely result in haploinsufficiency. Examination of these two kindreds for phenotypes that segregate with TFAP2B mutations identified several phenotypes not previously linked to Char syndrome. These include parasomnia and dental and occipital-bone abnormalities. The striking sleep disorder in these kindreds implicates TFAP2B-dependent functions in the normal regulation of sleep.