gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Functional transcranial brain imaging by optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (2009)

Optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy (OR-PAM) is applied to functional brain imaging in living mice. A near-diffraction-limited bright-field optical illumination is employed to achieve micrometer lateral resolution, and a dual-wavelength measurement is utilized to extract the blood oxygenation information. The variation in hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO(2)) along vascular branching has been imaged in a precapillary arteriolar tree and a postcapillary venular tree, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on in vivo volumetric imaging of brain microvascular morphology and oxygenation down to single capillaries through intact mouse skulls. It is anticipated that: (i) chronic imaging enabled by this minimally invasive procedure will advance the study of cortical plasticity and neurological diseases; (ii) revealing the neuroactivity-dependent changes in hemoglobin concentration and oxygenation will facilitate the understanding of neurovascular coupling at the capillary level; and (iii) combining functional OR-PAM and high-resolution blood flowmetry will have the potential to explore cellular pathways of brain energy metabolism.
Actuators for Motion Control: Fine Actuator Force Control for Electric Injection Molding Machines (2012)

Currently, most plastic products are manufactured using injection molding machines, where the product quality largely depends on the injection force. In a typical injection molding machines force control system, force information from the machine environment is obtained by a force sensor. However, these sensors have a few disadvantages in terms of signal noise, sensor cost, and narrow bandwidth, and thus a sensorless force detection method is desirable. The use of a reaction force observer, based on the two-inertia resonant model, has been proposed, but this method suffers from some estimation errors due to the influence of nonlinear characteristics in the holding process and the screw back-pressure process. This article proposes a new injection force estimation method based on a high-order reaction force observer (HORFO) with Coulomb friction compensation, which is not significantly influenced by the nonlinear friction phenomenon. Moreover, this article evaluates the possibility and versatility of a sensorless force control system using the proposed HORFO with Coulomb friction compensation.
Production of volatile terpenes by proliferating shoots and micropropagated plants ofSantolina chamaecyparissus L. (cotton lavender) (2005)

The biosynthetic capacity of in vitro proliferating shoots and regenerated callus clones has been evaluated for essential oil production. On evaluation it was found that the essential oil isolated from foliage of proliferating shoots and regenerated plantlets was a complex mixture with 49 components, 25 of which were identified, corresponding to 80% of the total oil content. The analysis of the identified constituents included monoterpene hydrocarbon (43%), oxygenated monoterpene (31%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (7.4%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.0%). The major constituents were myrcene, limonene, (E)-linalool, (Z)-β-ocimene and β-caryophyllene oxide. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improving Resource Efficiency with Partial Resource Muting for Future Wireless Networks (2017)

We propose novel resource allocation algorithms that have the objective of finding a good tradeoff between resource reuse and interference avoidance in wireless networks. To this end, we first study properties of functions that relate the resource budget available to network elements to the optimal utility and to the optimal resource efficiency obtained by solving max-min utility optimization problems. From the asymptotic behavior of these functions, we obtain a transition point that indicates whether a network is operating in an efficient noise-limited regime or in an inefficient interference-limited regime for a given resource budget. For networks operating in the inefficient regime, we propose a novel partial resource muting scheme to improve the efficiency of the resource utilization. The framework is very general. It can be applied not only to the downlink of 4G networks, but also to 5G networks equipped with flexible duplex mechanisms. Numerical results show significant performance gains of the proposed scheme compared to the solution to the max-min utility optimization problem with full frequency reuse.
Design of a scientific probe for obtaining Mars surface material (1990)

The objective is to return a 1 Kg Martian soil sample from the surface of Mars to a mothership in a 60 km Mars orbit. Given here is information on the mission profile, the structural design and component placement, thermal control and guidance, propulsion systems, orbital mechanics, and specialized structures.
High coverage of diverse invasive meningococcal serogroup B strains by the 4-component vaccine 4CMenB in Australia, 2007–2011: Concordant predictions between MATS and genetic MATS (2021)

Meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) accounts for an important proportion of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The 4-component vaccine against MenB (4CMenB) is composed of factor H binding protein (fHbp), neisserial heparin-binding antigen (NHBA), <i>Neisseria</i> adhesin A (NadA), and outer membrane vesicles of the New Zealand strain with Porin 1.4. A meningococcal antigen typing system (MATS) and a fully genomic approach, genetic MATS (gMATS), were developed to predict coverage of MenB strains by 4CMenB. We characterized 520 MenB invasive disease isolates collected over a 5-year period (January 2007-December 2011) from all Australian states/territories by multilocus sequence typing and estimated strain coverage by 4CMenB. The clonal complexes most frequently identified were ST-41/44 CC/Lineage 3 (39.4%) and ST-32 CC/ET-5 CC (23.7%). The overall MATS predicted coverage was 74.6% (95% coverage interval: 61.1%-85.6%). The overall gMATS prediction was 81.0% (lower-upper limit: 75.0-86.9%), showing 91.5% accuracy compared with MATS. Overall, 23.7% and 13.1% (MATS) and 26.0% and 14.0% (gMATS) of isolates were covered by at least 2 and 3 vaccine antigens, respectively, with fHbp and NHBA contributing the most to coverage. When stratified by year of isolate collection, state/territory and age group, MATS and gMATS strain coverage predictions were consistent across all strata. The high coverage predicted by MATS and gMATS indicates that 4CMenB vaccination may have an impact on the burden of MenB-caused IMD in Australia. gMATS can be used in the future to monitor variations in 4CMenB strain coverage over time and geographical areas even for non-culture confirmed IMD cases.
Major Life Events: Their Personal Meaning, Resolution, and Mental Health Significance (2008)

Researchers have employed varying strategies in an effort to better understand variation in responses to stress. This article argues that crisis theory makes a useful contribution to these efforts, particularly when studying variable response to major life events that are of high threat potential. Regression analyses of depressive symptomatology, mastery, and self-esteem in a community sample of adults (n = 1,542) provide preliminary support for the central tenets of crisis theory that specify the conditions under which experienced events are minimally and maximally hazardous. The results also offer mixed support for the proposition that successfully resolved crises can even yield emotional and coping benefits. Longitudinal models and further development of survey-based measures for distinguishing the occurrence of a crisis and assessing the adequacy of its resolution are needed to more thoroughly test crisis theory.
A CMOS time-of-flight range image sensor using draining only modulation structure (2014)

This paper presents new structure and method of charge modulation for CMOS ToF range image sensors using pinned
photodiodes. Proposed pixel structure, the draining only modulator (DOM), allows us to achieve high-speed charge
transfer by generating lateral electric field from the pinned photo-diode (PPD) to the pinned storage-diode (PSD).
Generated electrons by PPD are transferred to the PSD or drained off through the charge draining gate (TXD). This
structure realizes trapping-less charge transfer from the PPD to PSD. To accelerate the speed of charge transfer, the
generation of high lateral electric field is necessary. To generate the electric field, the width of the PPD is changed along
the direction of the charge transfer.
The PPD is formed by the p+ and n layer on the p-substrate. The PSD is created by doping another n type layer for
higher impurity concentration than that of the n layer in the PPD. This creates the potential difference between the PPD
and PSD. Another p layer underneath the n-layer of the PSD is created for preventing the injection of unwanted carrier
from the substrate to the PSD.
The range is calculated with signals in the three consecutive sub-frames; one for delay sensitive charge by setting the
light pulse timing at the edge of TXD pulse, another for delay independent charge by setting the light pulse timing during
the charge transfer, and the other for ambient light charge by setting the light pulse timing during the charge draining.
To increase the photo sensitivity while realizing high-speed charge transfer, the pixel consists of 16 sub-pixels and a
source follower amplifier. The outputs of 16 sub-pixels are connected to a charge sensing node which has MOS capacitor
for increasing well capacity. The pixel array has 313(Row) x 240(Column) pixels and the pixel pitch is 22.4μm. A ToF
range imager prototype using the DOM pixels is designed and implemented with 0.11um CMOS image sensor process.
The accumulated signal intensity in the PSD as a function of the TXD gate voltage is measured. The ratio of the signal
for the TXD off to the signal for the TXD on is 33:1. The response of the pixel output as a function of the light pulse
delay has also been measured.
Perlecan/ Hspg2 deficiency alters the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular system surrounding osteocytic processes in cortical bone (2010)

Osteocytes project long, slender processes throughout the mineralized matrix of bone, where they connect and communicate with effector cells. The interconnected cellular projections form the functional lacunocanalicular system, allowing fluid to pass for cell-to-cell communication and nutrient and waste exchange. Prevention of mineralization in the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular pericellular space is crucial for uninhibited interstitial fluid movement. Factors contributing to the ability of the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular system to remain open and unmineralized are unclear. Immunofluorescence and immunogold localization by transmission electron microscopy demonstrated perlecan/Hspg2 signal localized to the osteocyte lacunocanalicular system of cortical bone, and this proteoglycan was found in the pericellular space of the lacunocanalicular system. In this study we examined osteocyte lacunocanalicular morphology in mice deficient in the large heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan/Hspg2 in this tissue. Ultrastructural measurements with electron microscopy of perlecan/Hspg2-deficient mice demonstrated diminished osteocyte canalicular pericellular area, resulting from a reduction in the total canalicular area. Additionally, perlecan/Hspg2-deficient mice showed decreased canalicular density and a reduced number of transverse tethering elements per canaliculus. These data indicated that perlecan/Hspg2 contributed to the integrity of the osteocyte lacunocanalicular system by maintaining the size of the pericellular space, an essential task to promote uninhibited interstitial fluid movement in this mechanosensitive environment. This work thus identified a new barrier function for perlecan/Hspg2 in murine cortical bone.
Overactive bladder in adults with sickle cell disease (2015)

We demonstrate an elevated rate of nocturnal enuresis and OAB symptoms in the adult SCD population. An OAB phenotype may be an under-recognized complication of SCD irrespective of age. Neurourol. Urodynam. 35:642-646, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Laboratory Database to Manage Electrophoresis and Chromatography Separations and the Associated Samples (2000)

A database was developed to store, organize, and retrieve the data associated with electrophoresis and chromatography separations. It allows laboratories to store extensive data on separation techniques (analytical and preparative). The data for gel electrophoresis includes gel composition, staining methods, electric fields, analysis, and samples loaded. The database stores data on chromatography conditions, the samples used, and the fractions collected. The data structure of this database was designed to maintain the link between samples (including fractions) from chromatography separations and their analysis by gel electrophoresis. The database will allow laboratories to organize and maintain a large amount of separation and sample data in a uniform data environment. It will facilitate the retrieval of the separation history of important samples and the separation conditions used.
Biologically Functionalized Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Blood Vessel Grafts (2020)

Cardiovascular diseases plague human health because of the lack of transplantable small-diameter blood vessel (SDBV) grafts. Although expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) has the potential to be used as a biocompatible material for SDBV grafts, long-term patency is still the biggest challenge. As discussed in this paper, by virtue of a novel material formulation and a new and benign alcohol/water lubricating agent, biofunctionalized ePTFE blood vessel grafts aimed at providing long-term patency were fabricated. Compared to the most prevalent modification of PTFE, namely surface treatment, this method realized bulk treatment, which could guarantee homogeneous and long-lasting performance throughout PTFE products. These blood vessel grafts included embedded functional biomolecules, such as arginylglycylaspartic acid, heparin, and selenocystamine, using water as a solvent in paste extrusion and in the expansion of ePTFE. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope results confirmed the existence of these targeting biomolecules in the as-fabricated ePTFE blood vessel grafts. Meanwhile, the greatly improved biological functions of the grafts were demonstrated <i>via</i> live and dead assays, cell morphology, CD31 staining, nitric oxide (NO) release, and anticoagulation tests. This novel and benign material formulation and fabrication method provides an opportunity to produce multibiofunctional ePTFE blood vessel grafts in a single step, thus yielding a potent product with significant commercial and clinical potential.
Validation of the Filovirus Plaque Assay for Use in Preclinical Studies (2016)

A plaque assay for quantitating filoviruses in virus stocks, prepared viral challenge inocula and samples from research animals has recently been fully characterized and standardized for use across multiple institutions performing Biosafety Level 4 (BSL-4) studies. After standardization studies were completed, Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)-compliant plaque assay method validation studies to demonstrate suitability for reliable and reproducible measurement of the Marburg Virus Angola (MARV) variant and Ebola Virus Kikwit (EBOV) variant commenced at the United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). The validation parameters tested included accuracy, precision, linearity, robustness, stability of the virus stocks and system suitability. The MARV and EBOV assays were confirmed to be accurate to ±0.5 log10 PFU/mL. Repeatability precision, intermediate precision and reproducibility precision were sufficient to return viral titers with a coefficient of variation (%CV) of ≤30%, deemed acceptable variation for a cell-based bioassay. Intraclass correlation statistical techniques for the evaluation of the assay's precision when the same plaques were quantitated by two analysts returned values passing the acceptance criteria, indicating high agreement between analysts. The assay was shown to be accurate and specific when run on Nonhuman Primates (NHP) serum and plasma samples diluted in plaque assay medium, with negligible matrix effects. Virus stocks demonstrated stability for freeze-thaw cycles typical of normal usage during assay retests. The results demonstrated that the EBOV and MARV plaque assays are accurate, precise and robust for filovirus titration in samples associated with the performance of GLP animal model studies.
A novel reconfigurable quad-band power amplifier with reconfigurable biasing network and LTCC substrates (2008)

This paper presents a novel MEMS-based reconfigurable multi-band power amplifier (PA) that employs a newly proposed reconfigurable biasing network and partitioned LTCC substrates. The biasing network comprises transmission lines, capacitors, and switches. Because DC bias current does not flow through switches, the proposed network functions as a multi-band low-loss biasing network. The partitioned multi-layer substrates improve the degree of freedom for further circuit design. According to the proposed design scheme, a quad-band PA is designed and fabricated. The fabricated 1W-class PA achieves high output power of 30 dBm and maximum power added efficiency of over 40% in the 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5-GHz bands.
Out-of-Distribution Detection Using Neural Rendering Generative Models (2019)

Out-of-distribution (OoD) detection is a natural downstream task for deep generative models, due to their ability to learn the input probability distribution. There are mainly two classes of approaches for OoD detection using deep generative models, viz., based on likelihood measure and the reconstruction loss. However, both approaches are unable to carry out OoD detection effectively, especially when the OoD samples have smaller variance than the training samples. For instance, both flow based and VAE models assign higher likelihood to images from SVHN when trained on CIFAR-10 images. We use a recently proposed generative model known as neural rendering model (NRM) and derive metrics for OoD. We show that NRM unifies both approaches since it provides a likelihood estimate and also carries out reconstruction in each layer of the neural network. Among various measures, we found the joint likelihood of latent variables to be the most effective one for OoD detection. Our results show that when trained on CIFAR-10, lower likelihood (of latent variables) is assigned to SVHN images. Additionally, we show that this metric is consistent across other OoD datasets. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to show consistently lower likelihood for OoD data with smaller variance with deep generative models.
Plenary talk I: Position, location and navigation systems research, innovation, applications, and future vision (2016)

The last decade has witnessed an increasing trend in the use of positioning and navigation (POS/NAV) technologies in wide range of applications. The recent advances in information and communication technology necessitate the development of reliable POS/NAV systems. Wireless positioning technologies including Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) like GPS in open sky and wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) indoors are presently widely used for POS/NAV applications. However, they still suffer from several shortcomings such as signal blockage, interference and multipath in some challenging environments. Integration of GNSS/WLANs with other sensors (like accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers) can bridge the accuracy gaps in such challenging environments. This presentation discusses the development and demonstrates the performance of two POS/NAV products. Both products were designed to provide robust POS/NAV solutions utilizing multi-sensor fusion technologies. The first product is an integrated POS/NAV system for land vehicles involving GPS and low cost accelerometers and gyroscopes. The system is designed to provide seamless POS/NAV solution in all environments. The second product is an indoor multi-sensor tracking device that integrates accelerometers and gyroscopes from different wearable and portable devices. The tracking device was specifically designed to position without involving GPS or WLAN. The real-time positioning performance of both products will be demonstrated as part of this presentation.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of prematurity (COPP) – Anwendung eines polygenen Risikoscores für COPD und Lungenfunktion bei ehemaligen VLBW-Frühgeborenen im Alter von fünf Jahren (2023)

Einleitung Frühgeburtlichkeit (<37+0 Schwangerschaftswochen) ist ein wichtiger Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung einer chronischen Lungenerkrankung (CLD). Methoden zur frühen Identifizierung von Kindern mit hohem Risiko für die Entwicklung einer schweren CLD werden dringend benötigt. Polygene Scores (PGS), welche eine Vielzahl genetischer Varianten kombinieren, konnten eine Subgruppe Erwachsener mit hohem Risiko für die Entwicklung einer chronisch pulmonalen Obstruktion (COPD) mit einer forcierten Einsekundenkapazität (FEV1)<80% und FEV1/FVC (forcierte Vitalkapazität)<0.7 identifizieren. Wir gehen hier der Hypothese nach, dass ein COPD-PGS für die Entwicklung einer Obstruktion als möglicher Ausdruck einer CLD Frühgeborener (FG) im Alter von fünf Jahren prädiktiv ist.
End-to-End Blocking Probability Approximations for Resource Management in Multi-Rate Loss Networks (1995)

Effective traffic control in multirate networks is vital, because a small increase in the carried traffic may significantly increase the operator&amp;apos;s revenue and at the same time enhance the user&amp;apos;s satisfaction. Therefore evaluation of end-to-end blocking probabilities and carried traffic when combining different routing and link allocation strategies is important. A broad spectrum of different routing and link allocation procedures is available in the literature; unfortunately most of the analytical models are either constrained by the network topology, or of high computational complexity. This paper (1) presents analytical and simulation results on a variety of combinations of routing and link allocation algorithms and (2) proposes an optimization model in which the revenue or carried traffic in multi-rate loss networks is optimized with respect to load sharing parameters or an optimal partitioning between bandwidth classes is found. With respect to routing we consider non-alternate, s...
Enrichment and recovery of oligonucleotide impurities by N-Rich twin-column continuous chromatography (2022)

N-Rich is a twin-column continuous chromatography technology well suited for small-scale isolation and the enrichment of product related impurities. For the first time, N-Rich was used for impurity isolation from a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) therapeutic synthetic oligonucleotide (ON), produced by solid-phase synthesis. By employing the N-Rich process, where the desired impurities are recycled and selectively enriched, and interfering substances are depleted, it was possible to obtain substantial amounts of high purity marginal impurities with a reproducible, automatized, and productive method. The productivity-purity tradeoff inherent to traditional impurity isolation methods, i.e., analytical chromatography, was effectively alleviated. Using N-Rich, satisfactory purity values and mass recoveries of several low-concentrated impurities could be obtained simultaneously. A performance comparison demonstrated an up to 15-fold increase for purity values and up to 20-fold mass impurity isolation and concentration with the N-Rich technology in comparison to conventional isolation procedures, drastically reducing processing times, manual handling, and waste production.