gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Technology Needs for Methane Hydrates Production (2006)

Abstract According to the recently signed Energy Bill, the total estimated US gas hydrates is 2000 trillion cubic feet. More importantly, this may be as much as one fourth of the worlds hydrate deposits. Add to these central facts the realization that both conventional and unconventional natural gas supplies will likely diminish as early as 2020, and you have a strong case to research ways to obtain this natural resource. Methane Hydrates are a unique and challenging energy resource. Unlike conventional oil and gas deposits, Methane Hydrates will require an innovative technology package that can manage the dynamics of this resource safely and efficiently. The technology employed must control the methane hydrate resource throughout the exploration and production process. The most important issue when considering drilling into and producing from a methane hydrates reservoir is the fact that this is an unstable resource both in sub sea deposits and in an onshore reservoir. Methane will freely liberate itself from its water encasement as it is produced to the surface. Management of the reservoir and the entire drilling and production process to prevent depression or any type of environment changing subsidence, and preventing any of the hydrate from escaping a sub sea production process and causing installation safety issues are all key to the development of this new technology. The authors will explore the technologies and processes necessary for the drilling and production of Methane Hydrates. What types of technologies exist today, what emerging technologies can be used, and what technologies are there yet to be developed to complete the entire drilling and production system. Will these technologies and tools make this a practical process for the industry? Why conventional drilling equipment and underbalanced drilling processes, while feasible and in the case of underbalanced, developing a broader application range, are not practical and safe for the production of Methane Hydrates. Why the apparatus and methods of Managed Pressure Drilling, while still very new to the industry, could be the process that allows us to safely and efficiently produce this immense resource. Introduction Methane Hydrates are receiving more attention in the oil and gas industry as a potential new resource. This attention ranges from government funded research to major operators beginning to drill for core samples of the Methane Hydrate deposits. To date there has been very little drilling into these deposits, and no experience in intentional production. The current administration of the U.S. government has indicated the Department of Energy will receive additional funding for research initiatives to devise methods to tap the massive energy potential for actual Methane Hydrate production. There are many proven processes to produce oil from reservoirs.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Efficient Synthesis of 11‐Aza Steroids. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
LASER: LAtent SpacE Rendering for 2D Visual Localization (2022)

We present LASER, an image-based Monte Carlo Localization (MCL) framework for 2D floor maps. LASER introduces the concept of latent space rendering, where 2D pose hypotheses on the floor map are directly rendered into a geometrically-structured latent space by aggregating viewing ray features. Through a tightly coupled rendering codebook scheme, the viewing ray features are dynamically determined at rendering-time based on their geometries (i.e. length, incident-angle), endowing our representation with view-dependent fine-grain variability. Our codebook scheme effectively disentangles feature encoding from rendering, allowing the latent space rendering to run at speeds above 10KHz. Moreover, through metric learning, our geometrically-structured latent space is common to both pose hypotheses and query images with arbitrary field of views. As a result, LASER achieves state-of-the-art performance on large-scale indoor localization datasets (i. e. ZInD [5] and Structured3D [38]) for both panorama and perspective image queries, while significantly outperforming existing learning-based methods in speed.
A Brief History of Function Representation from Gandalf to SAIBA (2008)

The first half of this paper introduces the aim of SAIBA and the functional markup language (FML) from the perspective of the Center for Analysis and Design of Intelligent Agents (CADIA) at Reykjavik University. The second half provides a brief historic overview of the functional representation of communicative intent in a line of communicative humanoids and related systems, starting with Gandalf and leading up to one of the early proposals for FML in the SAIBA framework. Categories and Subject Descriptors I.2.4 [Artificial Intelligence]: Knowledge Representation Formalisms and Methods – frames and scripts, representation
Polysilyne thin films as resists for deep ultraviolet lithography (1990)

A new class of organosilane polymers, the polysilynes, have been examined as resist materials for deep ultraviolet lithography. These polymers have the formula [SiR]n, and polymers with R=n-propyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, amyl, cyclohexyl, and phenyl have been examined. Photolysis of polysilyne films with 193, 215, or 254 nm light results in the formation of an organosiloxane. Latent images of this oxidized material can be selectively developed yielding a negative tone image either by wet development in toluene or dry development in a Cl2 or HBr plasma. The best sensitivities at 193 nm were 20 mJ/cm2 for wet developed poly(n-butylsilyne) and 200 mJ/cm2 for dry developed poly(phenylsilyne). Positive tone wet development in polar solvents, such as acetone, is incomplete and yields a thin, insoluble residue layer.
Formal Specification of Web Service Contracts for Automated Contracting and Monitoring (2007)

Service-oriented computing as a concept for providing interoperability and flexibility within heterogeneous environments has gained much attention within the last few years. Dynamically integrating external Web services into enterprise applications requires automatic contracting between service requestors and providers and automatic contract monitoring. This paper suggests a semi-automatic approach since in the current legal environment full automation is not feasible. We elaborate on the content of Web service contracts from a legal perspective and derive a set of legal requirements. Based on these requirements we propose an ontology-based representation of contract clauses as well as monitoring information. We can thus automatically evaluate whether a service execution meets the requirements expressed in a contract
Implant-based whole breast reconstruction (with irradiation) (2020)

There are three timing approaches to implant reconstruction in patients requiring radiotherapy. Some surgeons perform a one-stage immediate reconstruction, some perform a two-stage approach with exchange for a permanent implant prior to radiotherapy, while the majority of surgeons perform two-stage with exchange for the permanent implant after radiotherapy. Implant reconstruction in the setting of radiotherapy has higher complications than autologous tissue; however, it is more practical in the private practice setting and advances in matrix technology, and fat grafting may enhance its safety and improve the outcomes. Outcomes reported in the literature are variable, focus mainly on tissue expander or implant loss, have small numbers of cases, and fail to incorporate aesthetic outcomes. Good cosmetic results and high levels of patient satisfaction can be expected with implant-based reconstruction even in the setting of radiation therapy. Patients offered implant-based whole breast reconstruction are generally those who desire an expander/implant reconstruction or who are unable to undergo an autologous reconstruction.
Mechanisms of mass transport during coalescence-induced microfluidic drop dilution (2016)

A two-phase microfluidic drop dilution system driven by coalescence-induced mass transfer between a moving plug and stationary droplets is modeled. Results show that gutter flows make pass-through streamlines possible where there would otherwise be closed circulation, thereby increasing the rate of mass transfer.
Design of an ultrahigh Quality factor silicon nitride photonic crystal nanocavity for coupling to diamond nanocrystals (2008)

A photonic crystal nanocavity with a Quality (Q) factor of 2.3 x 10^5, a mode volume of 0.55($λ/n$)^3, and an operating wavelength of 637 nm is designed in a silicon nitride (SiN_x) ridge waveguide with refractive index of 2.0. The effect on the cavity Q factor and mode volume of single diamond nanocrystals of various sizes and locations embedded in the center and on top of the nanocavity is simulated, demonstrating that Q &gt; 2 x 10^5 is achievable for realistic parameters. An analysis of the figures of merit for cavity quantum electrodynamics reveals that strong coupling between an embedded diamond nitrogen-vacancy center and the cavity mode is achievable for a range of cavity dimensions.
Spatially Tunable Polarization Devices (2015)

Apart from the common properties of light, such as wavelength, intensity, phase and angular spectrum, polarization is becoming a decisive feature in many applications. Spatially controlled tunable polarization devices can be applied in a multitude of areas, such as wavefront control, microscopy, phase contrast techniques, interferometry, beam shaping, optical information storage and processing, holography, stray light methods and other optical measurement techniques.
Noncovalent Hydrogel Beads as Microcarriers for Cell Culture (2015)

Abstract Hydrogel beads as microcarriers could have many applications in biotechnology. However, bead formation by noncovalent cross‐linking to achieve high cell compatibility by avoiding chemical reactions remains challenging because of rapid gelation rates and/or low stability. Here we report the preparation of homogeneous, tunable, and robust hydrogel beads from peptide–polyethylene glycol conjugates and oligosaccharides under mild, cell‐compatible conditions using a noncovalent crosslinking mechanism. Large proteins can be released from beads easily. Further noncovalent modification allows for bead labeling and functionalization with various compounds. High survival rates of embedded cells were achieved under standard cell culture conditions and after freezing the beads, demonstrating its suitability for encapsulating and conserving cells. Hydrogel beads as functional system have been realized by generating protein‐producing microcarriers with embedded eGFP‐secreting insect cells.
Galectin-3 Enhances Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A Receptor 2 Activity in the Presence of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (2021)

Galectin-3 (Gal3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein reported to promote angiogenesis by influencing vascular endothelial growth factor-A receptor 2 (VEGFR2) signal transduction. Here we evaluated whether the ability of Gal3 to function as an angiogenic factor involved vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To address this possibility we used human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRECs) to determine whether exogenous Gal3 requires VEGF to activate VEGFR2 signaling and if Gal3 is required for VEGF to activate VEGFR2. VEGFR2 phosphorylation and HREC migration assays, following either VEGF neutralization with ranibizumab or Gal3 silencing, revealed that VEGF endogenously produced by the HRECs was essential for the effect of exogenous Gal3 on VEGFR2 activation and cell migration, and that VEGF-induced VEGFR2 activation was not dependent on Gal3 in HRECs. Gal3 depletion led to no reduction in VEGF-induced cell function. Since Gal3 has been suggested to be a potential therapeutic target for VEGFR2-mediated angiogenesis, it is crucial to define the possible Gal3-mediated VEGFR2 signal transduction mechanism to aid the development of efficacious therapeutic strategies.
General theorem of spatial coherence: application to three-dimensional imaging (1996)

Three-dimensional imaging of incoherent light sources by the Michelson stellar interferometer is considered. When the interferometer’s pinholes are arranged properly, its output result is equivalent to a two-dimensional Fourier hologram that stores information about the source object’s three-dimensional intensity distribution.
Conversion of virescenol A into virescenol B (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTConversion of virescenol A into virescenol BPaolo Ceccherelli, Massimo Curini, Roberto Pellicciari, M. S. Raju, and Ernest WenkertCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 21, 3438–3440Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00441a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00441a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
3D MR guided NIRS: Optimization of Computation and Breast Interface for In vivo Imaging (2008)

3D MRg-NIRS imaging of breast cancer has been studied in simulation and in vivo using parallel plate and circular geometries. Optimal methods to minimize errors in measurement and modeling are presented.
Efficient Synthesis of Gadolinium Carbide Encapsulating Carbon Nanocapsules (2007)

Gadolinium carbide encapsulating carbon nanocapsules (GdC2@CNCs) are a type of carbon nanoparticle that resemble the structure of endohedral fullerenes such as Gd@C82. We present the results of a study to synthesize GdC2@CNCs efficiently using an arc‐discharge method. GdC2@CNCs were synthesized using arc‐discharging graphite anodes with various gadolinium concentrations under various He gas pressures. The optimum synthesis conditions for a high yield of GdC2@CNCs consisted of a Gd concentration of 1.3 at.%, a He pressure of 100 Ton and an arc‐discharge current of 70 A.
Novel Therapeutic Targets: The PERKs of Inhibiting the Integrated Stress Response (2006)

Oxygen supports the life of all aerobic organisms and virtually every cell type is capable of sensing decreased tissue oxygenation or hypoxia. Hypoxic microenvironments are known to exist within developing solid tumors as a result of insufficient vascular delivery of oxygen, which can limit the efficient growth and spread of the malignancy. On the other hand, clinical and experimental evidence has demonstrated that reduction in tumor blood flow can diminish the efficacy of standard anticancer therapeutics including radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Indeed, low oxygenation can accelerate malignant progression and metastasis resulting in poorer prognosis irrespective of the chosen treatment regiment. We and others have shown that tumor cells cultured under hypoxic conditions and cells in hypoxic areas of tumors activate a translational control program known as the integrated stress response (ISR). One of the key master switches in the ISR is the dynamically regulated protein kinase known as PERK. Tumors that lack PERK activity are small and compromised in their ability to translate mRNAs involved in angiogenesis and tumor survival. PERK can be activated by a number of distinct endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress as well as hypoxia and promotes a tumor microenvironment that favors the formation of functional microvessels and ultimately tumor growth. We hypothesize that ER stress induced by sub-lethal doses of anti-cancer therapeutics could actually facilitate tumor progression by activation of the ISR. We propose that inhibitors of PERK may synergize with a variety of cancer therapeutics that directly or indirectly induce the ISR.
Extending the potential of x-ray free-electron lasers to industrial applications—an initiatory attempt at coherent diffractive imaging on car-related nanomaterials (2015)

Recent advances in x-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) open up new pathways for contributing to industrial research-and-development activities. In this article, we describe our initiatory attempt at using the SPring-8 Angstrom compact free-electron laser (SACLA) for industrial applications. The attempt was conducted by the authors through the industry-academia partnership program initiated by RIKEN, aimed at examining the potential of XFELs for the analysis of car-related nanomaterials. Using the infrastructures developed at SACLA, we performed single-shot coherent diffractive imaging experiments on automotive exhaust catalysts and succeeded in obtaining the reconstructed images. This effort has paved the way for the future use of XFELs in the research-and-development activity of automotive exhaust catalysts.
Development of General-Purpose Processing Element and Network-Based Dataflow Processing System: Part Two (2009)

This paper introduces a system, called ubiquitous multi-processor (UMP) system, which constructs a dataflow network dynamically by connecting function-specific execution modules. We developed a general-purpose execution module (GP-PE) which performs an equivalent function to SS-PE by downloading the software library to improve the efficiency of development and reconfigure the function dynamically. This paper shows overhead time is 200 ms caused by network communication among PEs using 1000 Base-T, on decentralized network where a client module, management modules, and calculation modules including GP-PE are deployed, comparing it with the system performance on a single PC. The experimental result presents the adaptability of GP-PE to UMP system in general use. Moreover, the ratio of the overhead time of the library to downloading time for general using is clarified. It becomes useful parameter to decide method of downloading DPL.
A new room‐temperature liquid, high‐performance tricyanate ester (2010)

Abstract A new tricyanate ester monomer of a tris(4‐hydroxyphenyl)benzene derivative was synthesized in 6‐steps with a 63% overall yield. The geminal substitution of phenyl rings on ethane, in addition to the creation of a racemic/diastereomeric mixture, resulted in a liquid monomer whereas compounds with similar structure and symmetry have melting points typically over 100 °C. Key properties of the polycyanurate, such as the glass transition temperature and moisture resistance, were positively influenced by the higher crosslink density provided by the monomer. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2010
Modification of Blade Vortex Interactions Using Leading Edge Blowing (2006)

This paper investigates the effectiveness of leading-edge blowing (LEB) active flow control for modifying the vortex induced vibrations induced on an airfoil by the wake of a circular cylinder. The airfoil was allowed to oscillate perpendicular to the fluid flow direction in response to the impinging Von-Karman street. The flow field was simultaneously captured using Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) and accelerometer measurements in a time-resolved sense. The results indicate that LEB can significantly reduce the degree of unsteady loading due to the blade vortex interaction (BVI). In some cases, the LEB jet appears to break the coherency of a vortex incident on the airfoil, and in other cases it appears to increase the mean standoff distance of the vortex as it convects over the airfoil surface.
Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of 9-Acyloxyellipticines. (1997)

Various kinds of water-soluble 9-acyloxyellipticine derivatives were synthesized in a search for compounds with potent antitumor activity. Antitumor activities against several tumors in mice (P388 leukemia, colon 26, Lewis lung carcinoma and B16 melanoma) were evaluated by using intravenous administration. Many compounds exhibited good antitumor activities; in particular, the glutarate derivative (5o) showed potent antitumor activity. This compound (5o) may be converted to 9-hydroxyellipticine (2) by enzyme-catalyzed hydrolysis in the body.
Theoretical study of the composition pulling effect in InGaN metalorganic vapor-phase epitaxy growth (2017)

The composition pulling effect in metalorganic vapor-phase InGaN epitaxy was theoretically investigated by thermodynamic analysis. The excess energies of biaxial-strained InxGa1−xN were numerically calculated using empirical interatomic potentials considering different situations: (i) coherent growth on GaN(0001), (ii) coherent growth on In0.2Ga0.8N(0001), and (iii) bulk growth. Using the excess energies, the excess chemical potentials of InN and GaN alloys were computed. Our results show that compressive strain suppresses In incorporation, whereas tensile strain promotes it. Moreover, assuming chemical equilibrium, the relationship between the solid composition and the growth conditions was predicted. The results successfully reproduced the typical composition pulling effect.
An Overset Grid Method for Fluid-Structure Interaction (2014)

An overset grid methodology is developed for the fully coupled analysis of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) problems. The overset grid approach alleviates some of the computational geometry difficulties traditionally associated with Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) based, moving mesh methods for FSI. Our partitioned solution algorithm uses separate solvers for the fluid (finite volume method) and the structure (finite element method), with mesh motion computed only on a subset of component grids of our overset grid assembly. Our results indicate a significant reduction in computational cost for the mesh motion, and element quality is improved. Numerical studies of the benchmark test demonstrate the benefits of our overset mesh method over traditional approaches.