gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PET CT Identifies Reactivation Risk in Cynomolgus Macaques with Latent M. tuberculosis (2016)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection presents across a spectrum in humans, from latent infection to active tuberculosis. Among those with latent tuberculosis, it is now recognized that there is also a spectrum of infection and this likely contributes to the variable risk of reactivation tuberculosis. Here, functional imaging with 18F-fluorodeoxygluose positron emission tomography and computed tomography (PET CT) of cynomolgus macaques with latent M. tuberculosis infection was used to characterize the features of reactivation after tumor necrosis factor (TNF) neutralization and determine which imaging characteristics before TNF neutralization distinguish reactivation risk. PET CT was performed on latently infected macaques (n = 26) before and during the course of TNF neutralization and a separate set of latently infected controls (n = 25). Reactivation occurred in 50% of the latently infected animals receiving TNF neutralizing antibody defined as development of at least one new granuloma in adjacent or distant locations including extrapulmonary sites. Increased lung inflammation measured by PET and the presence of extrapulmonary involvement before TNF neutralization predicted reactivation with 92% sensitivity and specificity. To define the biologic features associated with risk of reactivation, we used these PET CT parameters to identify latently infected animals at high risk for reactivation. High risk animals had higher cumulative lung bacterial burden and higher maximum lesional bacterial burdens, and more T cells producing IL-2, IL-10 and IL-17 in lung granulomas as compared to low risk macaques. In total, these data support that risk of reactivation is associated with lung inflammation and higher bacterial burden in macaques with latent Mtb infection.
Ray tracing algorithm for accurate solar irradiance prediction in urban areas (2014)

A ray tracing algorithm has been developed to model solar radiation interaction with complex urban environments and, in particular, its effects, including the total irradiance on each surface and overall dissipated power contribution. The proposed model accounts for multiple reflection and diffuse scattering interactions and is based on a rigorous theory, so that the overall power balance is satisfied at the generic surface element. Such approach is validated against measurements in the present work in simple reference scenarios. The results show the importance of multiple-bounce interactions and diffuse scattering to obtain reliable solar irradiance and heat dissipation estimates in urban areas.
A novel technique for the production of electrospun scaffolds with tailored three-dimensional micro-patterns employing additive manufacturing (2014)

Electrospinning is a common technique used to fabricate fibrous scaffolds for tissue engineering applications. There is now growing interest in assessing the ability of collector plate design to influence the patterning of the fibres during the electrospinning process. In this study, we investigate a novel method to generate hybrid electrospun scaffolds consisting of both random fibres and a defined three-dimensional (3D) micro-topography at the surface, using patterned resin formers produced by rapid prototyping (RP). Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) was electrospun onto the engineered RP surfaces and the ability of these formers to influence microfibre patterning in the resulting scaffolds visualized by scanning electron microscopy. Electrospun scaffolds with patterns mirroring the microstructures of the formers were successfully fabricated. The effect of the resulting fibre patterns and 3D geometries on mammalian cell adhesion and proliferation was investigated by seeding enhanced green fluorescent protein labelled 3T3 fibroblasts onto the scaffolds. Following 24 h and four days of culture, the seeded scaffolds were visually assessed by confocal macro- and microscopy. The patterning of the fibres guided initial cell adhesion to the scaffold with subsequent proliferation over the geometry resulting in the cells being held in a 3D micro-topography. Such patterning could be designed to replicate a specific in vivo structure; we use the dermal papillae as an exemplar here. In conclusion, a novel, versatile and scalable method to produce hybrid electrospun scaffolds has been developed. The 3D directional cues of the patterned fibres have been shown to influence cell behaviour and could be used to culture cells within a similar 3D micro-topography as experienced in vivo.
Modulation of retroreflection by controlled frustration of total internal reflection (2002)

Retroreflective images are useful in outdoor application for which high legibility is required both during the day and in response to vehicular illumination. To date, all variable message retroreflective images have employed mechanical shutters as the switching mechanism. As an alternative, we propose a method for switching the total internal reflection effect used in retroreflectors by means of pneumatic actuation of surface treated polydimethylsiloxane gel. This approach is both effective and compatible with current large-scale manufacturing methods.
DPSK-3ASK transmission optimization by adapting modulation levels (2008)

For metro and regional 100-Gbps transmission, a transparent channel reach of 500-600 km is required and a 100-GHz channel grid is typically used. For these applications, a cost effective modulation format is introduced which can make use of electronic components designed for the already established 40-Gbps market, bypassing the requirements for novel electronic developments and therefore reducing the component cost. With this DPSK-3ASK modulation format, five information bits are transmitted in two consecutive symbols, leading to a symbol rate of 45 Gbaud, including overhead for framing and FEC. To minimize hardware requirements and to create a cost-effective solution, a single Mach-Zehnder modulator can be used to create the optical DPSK-3ASK signal after combining the phase and amplitude modulation signals into a 6-level modulator drive voltage. In this paper, it is demonstrated by numerical simulations that these voltage levels can be modified to adapt to varying signal distortions and thereby yield improved transmission performance. It is shown that by dynamically modifying the modulation levels based on the channel performance, dynamic signal impairments such as the non-linear effects from varying power levels, changes in chromatic dispersion, or varying PMD levels can be mitigated. Error-free performance (with FEC) can be obtained with 24 dB OSNR and 7ps DGD for a 112-Gbps (45-Gbaud) optical signal.
Inhibitors of human renin with C-termini derived from amides and esters of .alpha.-mercaptoalkanoic acids (1992)

New transition-state analogues bearing C-termini derived from alpha-mercaptoalkanoic acids, esters, and amides were prepared and evaluated as inhibitors of human renin. Addition of alpha-mercaptoalkanoate esters to a chiral Boc-amino epoxide intermediate led ultimately to the target [(2R,3S)-3-(BocPheHis-amino)-4-cyclohexyl-2-hydroxy-1-butyl]thio derivatives. The corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone analogues were also investigated. Some of these derivatives, including one with a stable BocPhe replacement, were relatively potent inhibitors of human plasma renin, having IC50 values below 10 nM. When selected compounds were administered intravenously to sodium-deficient rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) at 0.06-1 mg/kg, they reduced plasma renin activity by 87-94%. However, the accompanying drop in blood pressure was of short duration.
Electrostatic effect on electron‐transfer reactions of cobalt(III)‐poly(4‐vinylpyridine) complexes (1974)

Abstract Reductions of cis ‐[Co(en) 2 PVPCl] 2+ ( 1 ) [PVP = poly(4‐vinylpyridine)] by ferrous aquoions and ferrous chelate ions were studied. The rate of reduction by Fe 2+ is small compared to that of the monomeric analogue, cis ‐chlorobis(ethylenediamine)pyridine cobalt(2 + ) ( cis ‐[Co(en) 2 PyCl] 2+ ) due to the electrostatic repulsion. On the other hand, the reduction by [Fe‐(edta)] 2− is accelerated by a factor of 20. With increasing degree of coordination the acceleration factor increases, and with increasing ionic strength the factor decreases. The acceleration was found to be due to the electrostatic attraction of the reductant by the polymer as a polycation. The electrostatic effect is discussed in comparison with the catalysis of polyelectrolytes in ionic reactions.
Steady-State Microwave Mode Cooling with a Diamond N-V Ensemble (2023)

All electronics are subject to thermal noise, which sets a minimum power to distinguish a signal from ambient background. Here quantum systems---in particular the nitrogen-vacancy center in diamond---show a path forward, as they can be laser-cooled to a quantum mechanical ground state while a device remains at ambient conditions. By placing an ensemble of N-$V$ centers inside a low-loss microwave cavity in which their spins strongly interact with gigahertz magnetic fields, the cold spins extract more energy than can leak in from the hot environment. The output voltage shows vastly reduced fluctuations at the cavity frequency; the effective temperature is lowered by 150 K.
Magnetic-Affinity Cell Sorting of Human Multidrug-Resistant Cells (1991)

We have developed a method for isolating multidrug-resistant cells from a heterogeneous cell population using the magnetic-affinity cell-sorting system. Human KB carcinoma cell lines expressing different amounts of P-glycoprotein have been selected by use of the monoclonal antibody MRK-16 coupled to magnetic particles. This specific, rapid, and sensitive method allows the selection of viable and clonable drug-resistant cells from various drug-resistant human and murine cell populations. This method may prove useful in isolating drug-resistant cells from tumors with heterogeneous P-glycoprotein expression for further analysis.
Effect of overload on fatigue crack propagation and monitoring it (2002)

In the present study a detection method of an overload application during stress cycles under a constant stress amplitude was investigated. Also, the effect of a tensile overload was shown at three R values ; R=0,-1 and -1.5,in order to understand the effects of R on crack propagation after an overload. At a baseline of R=0,after an overload retardation in the crack propagation was observed. However, in the case of R=-1.5,the fatigue crack growth rate actually accelerated after a tensile overload. These behaviors of crack propagation can be monitored by the information of strain waveform, and an overload application can be detected by it.
Skill-Related Adaptive Modifications of Gaze Stabilization in Elite and Non-Elite Athletes (2022)

The vestibular ocular reflex (VOR) provides gaze stability during head movements by driving eye movements in a direction opposing head motion. Although vestibular-based rehabilitation strategies are available, it is still unclear whether VOR can be modulated by training. By examining adaptations in gaze stabilization mechanisms in a population with distinct visuomotor requirements for task success (i.e., gymnasts), this study was designed to determine whether experience level (as a proxy of training potential) was associated with gaze stabilization modifications during fixed target (VOR promoting) and fixed-to-head-movement target (VOR suppressing) tasks. Thirteen gymnasts of different skill levels participated in VOR and VOR suppression tasks. The gain between head and eye movements was calculated and compared between skill levels using an analysis of covariance. Across experience levels, there was a similar degradation in VOR gain away from -1 at higher movement speeds. However, during the suppression tasks, more experienced participants were able to maintain VOR gain closer to 0 across movement speeds, whereas novice participants showed greater variability in task execution regardless of movement speed. Changes in adaptive modifications to gaze stability associated with experience level suggest that the mechanisms impacting gaze stabilization can be manipulated through training.
Associations between grass pollen exposures in utero and in early life with food allergy in 12-month-old infants (2020)

Birth during pollen seasons may influence food allergy risk but no study has assessed pollen exposure. Using the HealthNuts population-based cohort of 5276 infants, we assessed grass pollen exposures, <i>in utero</i> and up to the first 6 months of life, on hen's egg, sesame and peanut allergy outcomes at 12 months. Cumulative pollen exposure in the first 7 days of life increased risk of peanut sensitization aMOR (adjusted multinomial odds ratio) = 1.21 (95% CI: 1.01-1.44). Exposure between first 4-6 months of life increased risk of hen's egg aMOR = 1.02 (95% CI: 1.004-1.04) and sensitization to all foods aMOR = 1.02 (95% CI: 1.003-1.04). Grass pollen exposure was associated with food challenge diagnosed food allergy, but only among infants with a maternal history of food allergy. Exposure to grass pollen in the <i>intrauterine</i> period and infancy may be important but more studies are needed to replicate these findings.
Mechanism and Catalyst Stability of Metal-Assisted Chemical Etching of Silicon (2013)

Ph.D
Long-run performance analysis of a multi-scale TCP traffic model (2004)

The long-run queueing performance of a multi-scale TCP traffic model, the HOO model, is analysed. Since the model links the multi-scale behaviour with practical traffic elements and approximates TCP traffic very well, the analysis is expected to provide insights into the physical interpretation of multi-scale traffic and to give useful results for performance prediction. To derive a meaningful solution and avoid the extreme difficulty of an exact analysis, the authors adopt several techniques to track the problem, among which are techniques to establish equivalent processes to the traffic process or the queue content process in two cases, the case of fast flows and the case of slow flows. Quantitative results for the queue tails are obtained in both cases, and a unified form is derived. It indicates that three levels of traffic elements in different time scales, i.e. the connection, the burst and the packet, all affect the asymptotic queueing performance. It shows quantitatively how the connection determines the index of the queue tail, and the burst and the packet contribute to the tail with their averages. Used with simple statistical inferences, the analytical result is shown to predict the queueing performance of real traffic well.
Inferring Smart Schedules for Dumb Thermostats (2018)

Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) accounts for over 50% of a typical home’s energy usage. A thermostat generally controls HVAC usage in a home to ensure user comfort. In this article, we focus on making existing “dumb” programmable thermostats smart by applying energy analytics on smart meter data to infer home occupancy patterns and compute an optimized thermostat schedule. Utilities with smart meter deployments are capable of immediately applying our approach, called iProgram, to homes across their customer base. iProgram addresses new challenges in inferring home occupancy from smart meter data where (i) training data is not available and (ii) the thermostat schedule may be misaligned with occupancy, frequently resulting in high power usage during unoccupied periods. iProgram translates occupancy patterns inferred from opaque smart meter data into a custom schedule for existing types of programmable thermostats, e.g., 1-day, 7-day, and so on. We implement iProgram as a web service and show that it reduces the mismatch time between the occupancy pattern and the thermostat schedule by a median value of 44.28min (out of 100 homes) when compared to a default 8am-6pm weekday schedule, with a median deviation of 30.76min off the optimal schedule. Further, iProgram yields a daily energy savings of 0.42kWh on average across the 100 homes. Moreover, the schedules generated from iProgram converge to optimal schedules within a couple of weeks for most homes. We also show that homeowners having multiple HVAC zones can utilize iProgram and potentially increase unconditioned times of less occupied parts of their homes by 70%. Utilities may use iProgram to recommend thermostat schedules to customers and provide them estimates of potential energy savings in their energy bills.
Beat Tracking for Interactive Dancing Robots (2015)

Dance movement is intrinsically connected to the rhythm of music and is a fundamental form of nonverbal communication present in daily human interactions. In order to enable robots to interact with humans in natural real-world environments through dance, these robots must be able to listen to music while robustly tracking the beat of continuous musical stimuli and simultaneously responding to human speech. In this paper, we propose the integration of a real-time beat tracking system with state recovery with different preprocessing solutions used in robot audition for its application to interactive dancing robots. The proposed system is assessed under different real-world acoustic conditions of increasing complexity, which consider multiple audio sources of different kinds, multiple noise sources of different natures, continuous musical and speech stimuli, and the effects of beat-synchronous ego-motion noise and of jittering in ego noise (EN). The overall results suggest improved beat tracking accuracy with lower reaction times to music transitions, while still enhancing automatic speech recognition (ASR) run in parallel in the most challenging conditions. These results corroborate the application of the proposed system for interactive dancing robots.
Synchronous bandwidth allocation in FDDI networks (1993)

Article Synchronous bandwidth allocation in FDDI networks Share on Authors: Qin Zheng View Profile , Kang G. Shin View Profile Authors Info & Claims MULTIMEDIA '93: Proceedings of the first ACM international conference on MultimediaSeptember 1993 Pages 31–38https://doi.org/10.1145/166266.166269Online:01 September 1993Publication History 36citation271DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations36Total Downloads271Last 12 Months3Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Accelerated Approval of Cancer Drugs: Improved Access to Therapeutic Breakthroughs or Early Release of Unsafe and Ineffective Drugs? (2009)

AA oncology NMEs are safe and effective, although development times are not accelerated. A return to endorsing phase II trial designs for AA for oncology NMEs, particularly for orphan drug indications, may facilitate timely FDA approval of novel cancer drugs.
An Internal Model Control-Based Approach for Characterization and Controller Tuning of Turbocharged Gasoline Engines (2019)

This brief develops a method for system characterization and controller tuning for the boost control system of automotive turbocharged gasoline engines. The method utilizes the relay feedback technique for system characterization, followed by the internal model control (IMC) technique for controller tuning. The novelty is that instead of a high fidelity plant model, an ultrasimplified gain-integrator-delay model is employed in the IMC controller. As we show, our method leads to a time-efficient calibration process, assigns a desired closed-loop bandwidth exactly, and leads to good stability margins. A detailed and thorough analysis of the method, including its fundamental limitations, is provided. The method is experimentally applied to the boost control system of a turbocharged gasoline engine, where it is shown that the controller gains can be reliably computed at various engine operating points. The method identifies turbocharger speed as the best scheduling parameter for the controller gains, and the resulting controller is experimentally shown to yield good tracking performance.
Complications After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgeries: All Are Not Created Equal (2021)

Advances in surgical techniques and instrumentation have improved postoperative radiographic and clinical outcomes after ASD surgery. The rate of complications after complex ASD surgery remains high, both at early postoperative and long term follow-up. This study reviews complications within 90 days of surgery, with an assessment of patient and surgical risk factors. We found that modifiable risk factors for early complications after ASD surgery include COPD, and current smoking. The data presented in this study also provide surgeons with knowledge of the most common complications encountered after ASD surgery, to aid in preoperative patient discussion.
Un candidat vaccin lentiviral anti-Covid-19 administrable par voie intranasale (2021)

International audience
Backside illuminated dye-sensitized solar cells based on titania nanotube array electrodes (2006)

Backside illuminated solar cells based on 6 µm long highly-ordered nanotube-array films sensitized by a self-assembled monolayer of bis(tetrabutylammonium)-cis-(dithiocyanato)- N,N'-bis(4-carboxylato-4'-carboxylic acid-2, 2'-bipyridine)ruthenium(II) (commonly called 'N719') show a short-circuit current density of 8.79 mA cm−2, 841 mV open circuit potential and a 0.57 fill factor yielding a power conversion efficiency of 4.24% under AM 1.5 sun. The solvent used to infiltrate the dye into the nanotube arrays, made by potentiostatic anodization of a titanium foil, was found to significantly influence the electrical characteristics of the resulting solar cell. A superior photoresponse was obtained with acetonitrile as the dye solvent. This is attributed to the improved wetting characteristics of the dye solution in acetonitrile enabling self-assembled monolayers with higher surface coverage to be formed inside the nanotubes. In comparison to nanocrystalline films, the nanotube-array films consistently exhibit larger open circuit photovoltage values; the origins of this enhancement are discussed.
Preparation and thermal, electrical, and morphological properties of multiwalled carbon nanotubeand epoxy composites (2006)

Abstract Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)/epoxy composites are prepared, and the characteristics and morphological properties are studied. Scanning electron microscopy microphotographs show that MWCNTs are dispersed on the nanoscale in the epoxy resin. The glass‐transition temperature ( T g ) of MWCNT/epoxy composites is dramatically increased with the addition of 0.5 wt % MWCNT. The T g increases from 167°C for neat epoxy to 189°C for 0.5 wt % CNT/epoxy. The surface resistivity and bulk resistivity are decreased when MWCNT is added to the epoxy resins. The surface resistivity of CNT/epoxy composites decreases from 4.92 × 10 12 Ω for neat epoxy to 3.03 × 10 9 Ω for 1 wt % MWCNT/epoxy. The bulk resistivity decreases from 8.21 × 10 16 Ω cm for neat epoxy to 6.72 × 10 8 Ω cm for 1 wt % MWCNT/epoxy. The dielectric constant increases from 3.5 for neat epoxy to 5.5 for 1 wt % MWCNT/epoxy. However, the coefficient of thermal expansion is not affected when the MWCNT content is less than 0.5 wt %. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 103: 1272–1278, 2007