gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recouping etch rates in pulsed inductively coupled plasmas (2011)

Pulsed rf plasmas are increasingly being employed for plasma etching at future technological nodes. Although the plasma uniformity usually improves with pulsing, the lower time-averaged power decreases the etch rate and the lower throughput is undesirable. It is therefore important to evaluate different strategies to restore higher etch rates while retaining the advantages of pulsed plasmas. In this work, the impact of varying pulsing modes in an inductively coupled plasma on plasma characteristics and feature profile evolution are discussed using the results from a two-dimensional reactor scale plasma model coupled to a Monte Carlo based feature profile model. Results are discussed for poly-Si etching in an Ar/Cl2 gas mixture. The consequences of source-only and bias-only pulsing modes on discharge characteristics, ion energy distributions (IEDs) to the wafer, and feature profile evolution are discussed. Although the etch depth rates were found to be higher for source-only pulsing compared to the synchronized (source and bias) pulsing mode, the higher ion energies in the afterglow period during source-only pulsing may also increase ion bombardment damage. Compensation of power may allow for increased etch depth rates while retaining the benefits of synchronized pulsing. Further, power compensation level can be varied to achieve fine tuning of the IEDs to the wafer.
Non-intrusive bit-rate detection of coded speech (2017)

We present a non-intrusive codec type and bit-rate detection algorithm that extracts a number of features from a decoded speech signal and models their statistics using a Deep Neural Network (DNN) classifier. We also present a method for reducing the computational complexity and improving the robustness of the algorithm by pruning features that have a low importance and high computational cost using a CART binary tree. The proposed method is tested on a database that includes additive noise and transcoding as well as a real voicemail database. We show that the proposed method has 25% lower complexity than the baseline, 19% higher accuracy in the bitrate detection task and 10% higher accuracy in the CODEC classification experiment.
Model complexity control and compression using discriminative growth functions (2004)

State-of-the-art large vocabulary speech recognition systems are highly complex. Many techniques affect both system complexity and recognition performance. The need to determine the appropriate complexity without having to build each possible system has led to the development of automatic complexity control criteria. In this paper further experiments are carried out using a recently proposed criterion based on marginalizing a maximum mutual information (MMI) growth function. The use of this criterion is much detailed for determining the appropriate dimensionality in a multiple HLDA system and the number of components per state. A scheme for also using this criterion for model compression is described. Experimental results on a spontaneous telephone speech recognition task are described. Initial system compression experiments are inconclusive. However, comparing a standard state-of-the-art system with one generated using complexity control shows a reduction in word error rate.
Dictionary of immune responses to 86 cytokines in vivo at single-cell resolution (2023)

Abstract Cytokines mediate cell-cell communication in the immune system and represent important therapeutic targets. A myriad of studies have underscored their central role in immune function, yet we lack a global view of the cellular responses of each immune cell type to each cytokine. To address this gap we created the Immune Dictionary – a compendium of single-cell transcriptomic profiles of over 20 cell types in response to each of 86 cytokines in murine lymph nodes in vivo, representing over 1,500 cytokine-cell type combinations. A cytokine-centric view of the dictionary revealed that most cytokines induced highly cell type-specific responses. For example, the inflammatory cytokine IL-1β induced distinct gene programs in almost every cell type. A cell type-centric view of the dictionary identified multiple cytokine-driven cellular polarization states in each immune cell type, including previously uncharacterized states such as an IL-18-induced polyfunctional NK cell state. Based on the dictionary, we developed companion software, Immune Response Enrichment Analysis (IREA), for assessing cytokine activities and immune cell polarization from gene expression data, and applied it to reveal cytokine networks in tumors following immune checkpoint blockade therapy. Our dictionary generates new hypotheses for cytokine functions, illuminates pleiotropic effects of cytokines, expands our knowledge of activation states of each immune cell type, and provides a framework to deduce the roles of specific cytokines and cell-cell communication networks in any immune response. This work was supported by the NIH Grant RM1HG006193 and an Adelson Medical Research Foundation Grant to N.H. This work was also supported by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Doctoral Fellowship, Whitaker Health Sciences Fund Fellowship, and Wellington and Irene Loh Fund Fellowship to A.C., and NCI Research Specialist Award (R50CA251956) to S.L.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 3,4-Dihydropyran-2-ones via Phase-Transfer-Catalyzed Addition–Cyclization of Acetylacetone to Cinnamic Thioesters (2020)

Herein, we present the first example of synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones from cinnamic thioesters via a stereoselective phase-transfer-catalyzed domino Michael-cyclization reaction with acetylacetone. The reaction proceeded under the catalysis of <i>Cinchona</i>-derived quaternary ammonium phenoxide that, in combination with inorganic bases, provided 3,4-dihydropyran-2-ones in yields of up to 93% and enantioselectivities of up to 88% enantiomeric excess.
Nonlinear Robust Control of Vehicle Lateral Dynamics Considering Driver’s Dynamics (2014)

Guaranteeing stability of a vehicle without considering the driver in the control loop is difficult. In this paper, a driver-in-the-loop control strategy is proposed to improve the lateral vehicle behavior and extend the stability margin. The driver is modeled as a delayed linear controller with the aim of tracking the desired path. The main aim of the controller design is to track the desired yaw rate of the vehicle considering the driver effects. To make an implementable approach, it is assumed that the desired road information and the exact values of longitudinal and lateral forces are not available for the control level and the controller treats them as bounded uncertainties. The nonlinear damping technique is adopted to stabilize the yaw rate error. For two different robust designs, we have shown that the yaw rate error will confine inside a certain neighborhood even in the presence of uncertainty. The size of this neighborhood is directly proportionate to the gain of the robust control terms and the driver characteristics. A standard harsh double lane change scenario is simulated as the desired path for the driver. The results demonstrate that the design process improves the overall behavior of the driver-vehicle system in the presence of bounded uncertainties.
New wiring design concept for reducing wiring resistance effect in ECL circuit (2002)

A novel wiring design concept called the wire width optimization relating to wire length (WORWIL) method is presented to alleviate wiring delay increase. The problems of increasing interconnection wiring delay due to the wiring resistance in high-performance ECL (emitter coupled logic) circuits and the limitation of the wire utility ratio are solved by this method. Some case studies were performed to confirm the validity of this method. Because of its generality and simplicity, the WORWIL method should be applicable to all types of VLSI design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Genetic modifiers ameliorate endocytic and neuromuscular defects in a model of spinal muscular atrophy (2020)

We propose that hnRNP F/H act in the same protein complex as PLS3 and SMN and that the function of this complex is critical for endocytic pathways, suggesting that hnRNP F/H proteins could be potential targets for therapy development.
Supplementary Figure S2 from A Human Genome-Wide RNAi Screen Reveals Diverse Modulators that Mediate IRE1α–XBP1 Activation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Validation of the screen hits.&lt;/p&gt;
Coherent control of a solid-state quantum bit with few-photon pulses (2015)

Single photons are the natural link between the nodes of a quantum network: they coherently propagate and interact with many types of quantum bits including natural and artificial atoms. Ideally, one atom should deterministically control the state of a photon and vice-versa. The interaction between free space photons and an atom is however intrinsically weak and many efforts have been dedicated to develop an efficient interface. Recently, it was shown that the propagation of light can be controlled by an atomic resonance coupled to a cavity or a single mode waveguide. Here we demonstrate that the state of a single artificial atom in a cavity can be efficiently controlled by a few-photon pulse. We study a quantum dot optimally coupled to an electrically-controlled cavity device, acting as a near optimal one-dimensional atom. By monitoring the exciton population through resonant fluorescence, we demonstrate Rabi oscillations with a $π$-pulse of only 3.8 photons on average. The probability to flip the exciton quantum bit with a single photon Fock state is calculated to reach 55% in the same device.
Shot-noise limited throughput of soft x-ray ptychography for nanometrology applications (2018)

Due to its potential for high resolution and three-dimensional imaging, soft x-ray ptychography has received interest for nanometrology applications. We have analyzed the measurement time per unit area when using soft x-ray ptychography for various nanometrology applications including mask inspection and wafer inspection, and are thus able to predict (order of magnitude) throughput figures. Here we show that for a typical measurement system, using a typical sampling strategy, and when aiming for 10-15 nm resolution, it is expected that a wafer-based topology (2.5D) measurement takes approximately 4 minutes per &mu;m<sup>2</sup> , and a full three-dimensional measurement takes roughly 6 hours per &mu;m<sup>2</sup> . Due to their much higher reflectivity EUV masks can be measured considerably faster; a measurement speed of 0.1 seconds per &mu;m<sup>2</sup> is expected. However, such speeds do not allow for full wafer or mask inspection at industrially relevant throughput.
The synthesis and polymerization of a hyperbranched polyether macromonomer (1992)

A novel class of macromonomer, in which the macromolecular part is a hyperbranched dendritic polyether prepared by the ‘convergent-growth’ approach, is synthesized and characterized. Free-radical copolymerization with styrene at various feed ratios gives a series of unique copolymers.
De-efferented Motor Cortex Provides a Viable Source of Neural Activity Command Signals for Centrally-Implanted Brain Machine Interfaces (P1.254) (2014)

Objective: To characterize, for generalizability purposes, brain-machine interface (BMI) signals sourced from de-efferented motor cortex. Background: BMIs lie at the cutting edge of translational science efforts and offer the potential to improve the lives of patients with neuromotor disability. Electrocorticography (ECoG) and multi-electrode arrays (MEAs) are two high temporal resolution recording techniques that yield local field potentials (LFPs) and spike trains, respectively, from cortical regions used in BMI experiments. However, it has not been established if deefferented and deafferented cortex contralateral to an amputated limb can still serve as signal source for cortical-based BMIs. Design/Methods: An ECoG-array implanted in the ventral portions of the primary motor and premotor cortices contralateral to an amputated limb, juxtaposed with an MEA implanted in M1 of a single-amputee, female Macaque monkey (N=1), served as the signal sources. The primate was rewarded for reaching and grasping a target with a Whole-Arm-Manipulator in an iterative-reach paradigm. Binned spikes from single unit activity were decoded to generate the control velocity for the robot arm. The continuous signals recorded simultaneously with the ECoG array were subsequently low-pass filtered and spectral features extracted using Matlab signal processing routines. Results: Power spectra results demonstrate the presence of robust beta oscillatory power in the ECoG signals obtained from PM and M1. Attenuation of beta power was observed between the epochs of decoded velocity and epochs of zero-velocity. We also found evidence of propagating wave activity in the ECoG LFPs. All of which are findings characteristically exhibited by motor cortices innervating an intact limb, despite probable cortical reorganization following amputation. Conclusions: We demonstrate that motor cortex contralateral to an amputated limb remains a viable signal source of neural activity featuring characteristic beta oscillatory activity. We also observed redundancy in the movement-related signal changes detected by ECoG and MEA. These findings have important implications for neural prostheses under direct cortical control. Study Supported by: AAN Medical Student Summer Research Scholarship.
Generalized Graph Spectral Sampling with Stochastic Priors (2020)

We consider generalized sampling for stochastic graph signals. The generalized graph sampling framework allows recovery of graph signals beyond the bandlimited setting by placing a correction filter between the sampling and reconstruction operators and assuming an appropriate prior. In this paper, we assume the graph signals are modeled by graph wide sense stationarity (GWSS), which is an extension of WSS for standard time domain signals. Furthermore, sampling is performed in the graph frequency domain along with the assumption that the graph signals lie in a periodic graph spectrum subspace. The correction filter is designed by minimizing the mean-squared error (MSE). The graph spectral response of the correction filter parallels that in generalized sampling for WSS signals. The effectiveness of our approach is validated via experiments by comparing the MSE with existing approaches.
Feasibility of pegfilgrastim as haematopoietic support for dose-dense every-2-week adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer (2006)

18606 Background: Dose-dense sequential chemotherapy has been safety supported with Filgrastim (F). Pegfilgrastim (PEGF) is a pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that has a long half-life, a fact that facilitates a less frequent dosing. Its safety and efficacy has been established in 21- and 28-days schedules. Methods: We have performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of 2 cohort of patients (n=38) treated at our institution between December 2003 and November 2005. All patients received Adriamicin 60 mg/m 2 plus Ciclophosphamide 600 mg/m 2 q2w for 4 cycles followed by Paclitaxel 175 mg/m 2 q2w for 4 cycles. As G-CSF support, in Cohort A (n=29) PEGF was administered 6 mg on day 2 of each cycle and in Cohort B (n=9) F days 3 to 10 at 5 μg/kg. The primary end point was to explore the feasibility and safety in terms of febrile neutropenia (FN) events, number of treatment delays (TD), incidence of neutropenia grade 3 (NPG3) and 4 (NPG4) and mean absolute neutrophil count (ANC) on day 14 of cycle 1 to 7 for both groups. Indirect comparisons have been performed. Results: Patients characteristics in both cohorts were well balanced, except for age in cohort A compared with cohort B (44,89 versus 52,5, p = 0,02). FN events and TD were increased in cohort B compared with cohort A (22% versus 0%, p=0.051, both comparisons). No statistically significant difference in number of episodes of NPG3 and NPG4 was observed. Median ANC on day 14 for each treatment cycle was significantly greater for Cohort A than Cohort B, except for cycle 6. Conclusions: PEGF is very safe and efficacy in patients treated with dose-dense sequential adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. It could be even more efficient than F in preventing febrile neutropenia events. [Table: see text]
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Confirmation of Unusual Ternary Ordered Semiconductor Compounds in Sr—Pb—S System. (2014)

Abstract The existence of new ordered rocksalt‐based compounds SrPb 3 S 4 , SrPbS 2 , and Sr 3 PbS 4 in the title system is predicted by DFT calculations, and experimentally confirmed by TEM and band gap measurements.
Second Neoplasms in Patients With Hodgkin's Disease Following Combined Modality Therapy—The Yale Experience (1986)

In the article by Koletsky et al "Second Neoplasms in Patients With Hodgkin's Disease Following Combined Modality Therapy-The Yale Experience" (Journal of Clinical Oncology 4:311-317, 1986), an error was made in the footnote on page 311 which described the composition of MVVPP. The corrected footnote appears below. *MVVPP = nitrogen mustard (0.4 mg/kg on day 1 of cycle); vinblastine (6 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on days 22, 29, and 36); vincristine (1.4 mg/m<sup>2</sup>, 2 mg maximum dose, on days 1, 8, and 15); procarbazine (100 mg/d on days 22 through 42); prednisone (40 mg/m<sup>2</sup> on days 1 through 15 for cycles 1, 3, and 5 only).
Modulation of Laminin Receptor Expression by Estrogen and Progestins in Human Breast Cancer Cell Lines (1989)

The effects of estradiol and two synthetic progestins (ORG2058 and R5020) on the expression of the high-affinity, metastasis-associated laminin receptor in two human breast carcinoma cell lines were examined. The T47D cell line contains estrogen and progesterone receptors, but the MDA-MB 231 cell line lacks both receptors. Treatment of T47D cells with 10(-9) M estradiol alone results in a three-fold increase (P less than or equal to .05) in the steady-state level of laminin receptor mRNA determined by RNA blot analysis as well as in cell-surface, laminin receptor expression that is evaluated by immunofluorescence. No effects of estradiol on the receptor-negative MDA-MB 231 cells were observed. Untreated and steroid-treated MDA-MB 231 cells had higher levels of laminin receptor mRNA than did untreated or estradiol-treated T47D cells. A more dramatic increase (five-fold; P less than or equal to .005) of mRNA and cell-surface expression in T47D cells was observed after treatment with estradiol plus 10(-8) M progestin or with progestin alone. Estradiol treatment also increased chemotaxis and haptotaxis of T47D cells but not of MDA-MB 231 cells to laminin; it had no effect on the attachment of these latter cells to laminin. Interestingly, treatment with estradiol plus progestin or progestin alone significantly increased the attachment of T47D cells to laminin but did not have an effect on either haptotaxis or chemotaxis to laminin. These results suggest that the various cell-laminin interactions are mediated by different mechanisms. The augmentation of laminin receptor mRNA by estrogen and progesterone treatment in hormone receptor-positive cells, but not in cells that lack these receptors, may relate functionally to the difference in the clinical aggressiveness between classes of breast cancers.
Room‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Al2O3: Impact on Efficiency, Stability and Surface Properties in Perovskite Solar Cells (2016)

In this work, solar cells with a freshly made CH<sub>3</sub> NH<sub>3</sub> PbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite film showed a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 15.4 % whereas the one with 50 days aged perovskite film only 6.1 %. However, when the aged perovskite was covered with a layer of Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> deposited by atomic layer deposition (ALD) at room temperature (RT), the PCE value was clearly enhanced. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study showed that the ALD precursors are chemically active only at the perovskite surface and passivate it. Moreover, the RT-ALD-Al<sub>2</sub> O<sub>3</sub> -covered perovskite films showed enhanced ambient air stability.
Light‐Induced Degradation of Perovskite Solar Cells: The Influence of 4‐Tert‐Butyl Pyridine and Gold (2018)

Abstract Stability is one of the key challenges for industrial scale commercialization of perovskite solar cells. In this work, a degradation mechanism that depends on materials and bias conditions of the device during light‐soaking is proposed. The observed degradation is linked to the additive 4‐tert‐butyl pyridine (tBP), crucial to the hole transport layer of most perovskite solar cells, and gold. This conclusion is reached through the statistical analysis of multiple compositional profiles of light‐soaked and nonlight‐soaked devices and by selective replacement of material layers of the device. Moreover, the rate of the light‐induced degradation is enhanced by operation at forward bias, which is required for power generation. Thus, this work stresses the need for the development of transport layers that do not require tBP, and to replace gold to produce high‐performing devices that are also stable under operating conditions.
Highly efficient white OLEDs with single solution‐processed emitting layer fabricated by one‐step coating using self‐layered technique (2015)

Abstract We propose a self‐layered technique to form an emitting layer with a pseudo‐multilayered structure by one‐step coating and demonstrate the feasibility of its concept. We also fabricated a highly efficient white organic light‐emitting diode with the proposed technique. A maximum power efficiency of 70 lm/W was obtained by improving the effective radiation efficiency, carrier balance efficiency, and light‐extraction efficiency.
The impact of postsynaptic density 95 blocking peptide (Tat‐NR2B9c) and an iNOS inhibitor (1400W) on proteomic profile of the hippocampus in C57BL/6J mouse model of kainate‐induced epileptogenesis (2019)

Antiepileptogenic agents that prevent the development of epilepsy following a brain insult remain the holy grail of epilepsy therapeutics. We have employed a label-free proteomic approach that allows quantification of large numbers of brain-expressed proteins in a single analysis in the mouse (male C57BL/6J) kainate (KA) model of epileptogenesis. In addition, we have incorporated two putative antiepileptogenic drugs, postsynaptic density protein-95 blocking peptide (PSD95BP or Tat-NR2B9c) and a highly selective inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 1400W, to give an insight into how such agents might ameliorate epileptogenesis. The test drugs were administered after the induction of status epilepticus (SE) and the animals were euthanized at 7 days, their hippocampi removed, and subjected to LC-MS/MS analysis. A total of 2,579 proteins were identified; their normalized abundance was compared between treatment groups using ANOVA, with correction for multiple testing by false discovery rate. Significantly altered proteins were subjected to gene ontology and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses. KA-induced SE was most robustly associated with an alteration in the abundance of proteins involved in neuroinflammation, including heat shock protein beta-1 (HSP27), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and CD44 antigen. Treatment with PSD95BP or 1400W moderated the abundance of several of these proteins plus that of secretogranin and Src substrate cortactin. Pathway analysis identified the glutamatergic synapse as a key target for both drugs. Our observations require validation in a larger-scale investigation, with candidate proteins explored in more detail. Nevertheless, this study has identified several mechanisms by which epilepsy might develop and several targets for novel drug development. OPEN PRACTICES: This article has been awarded Open Data. All materials and data are publicly accessible as supporting information. Learn more about the Open Practices badges from the Center for Open Science: https://osf.io/tvyxz/wiki.