gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Outgassing Analysis in EUV Resist (2005)

We found that tri-phenysulfonium cyclo(1,3-perfluoropropanedisulfone) imidate (TPS-Imidate) as a photo acid generator (PAG) is more sensitive rather than tri-phenysulfonium perfluorobutanesulfonate (TPS-PFBS) by EUV exposure. In this paper, we discussed the outgassing characteristics of our discovered the new PAG resist system to better understand the detailed mechanism for obtaining a high sensitivity.As for resist B which employs TPS-PFBS as the PAG was measured larger amount of isobutene (m/z 56) and benzene (m/z 78) than that of resist A. As for resist C which employs TPS-Imidate as a PAG, the amount of benzene was larger than that of resist B. It suggests that resist C shows faster sensitivity due to the high amount of acid generated by EUV exposure. In addition, resist C contains PAG anion of imidate derivatives, which carried out distinctive photolysis reactions under EUV exposure. This reaction will be expected to generate many acidic species, which has the potential of becoming a catalyst for the de-protecting reaction. This mechanism is very useful for the resist design to obtain a high sensitivity EUV resist.
A novel red-emitting K2Ca(PO4)F:Eu2+ phosphor with a large Stokes shift (2017)

We report a K<sub>2</sub>CaPO<sub>4</sub>F:Eu<sup>2+</sup> phosphor with a new crystal structure. This phosphor has a large Stokes shift and converts near-ultraviolet light to red luminescence without absorption of other visible light. The mechanism was elucidated by applying a constrained density functional theory to the solved crystal structure.
<title>Hybrid System For High Resolution Digital Video Densitometry</title> (1981)

A high resolution hybrid system for video densitometry is introduced. The system utilizes 100 mm spot films taken directly from the output phosphor of an image intensifier. These images are magnified using a zoom lens and subsequently digitized by means of a Plumbicon TV camera and a Quantex DS-30 video image processor. The zoomed images are digitized in a 512x512 format with 8 bits/pixel. These images are then transferred into a Data General NOVA 3 computer for video densitometric analysis. The limiting resolution of the system is the resolution at the output phosphor of the image intensifier. Experimental results using phantoms to evaluate the hybrid system&apos;s ability to quantitate percentage stenosis are presented.
Resonance quality, radiative/ohmic losses and modal volume of Mie plasmons (2012)

International audience
In Situ Preparation of Amorphous Carbon-Activated Palladium Nanoparticles (1997)

Nanostructured particles of amorphous carbon-activated palladium metallic clusters have been prepared (in situ) at room temperature by ultrasound irradiation of an organometallic precursor, tris-μ-[dibenzylideneacetone]dipalladium [(φ-CHCH−CO−CHCH-φ)3Pd2] in mesitylene. Characterization by elemental analysis, transmission electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and BET surface area measurements shows that the product powder consists of nanosize particles, agglomerated in clusters of approximately 800 Å. Each particle is found to have a metallic core, covered by a carbonic shell that plays an important role in the stability of the nanoparticles. The catalytic activity in a Heck reaction, in the absence of phosphine ligands, has been demonstrated.
Application of the second harmonic generation microscope to nondestructive observation of periodically poled ferroelectric domains in quasi-phase-matched wavelength converters (1997)

A technique for observation of 180° domains in ferroelectric crystals is demonstrated by the use of the second harmonic generation (SHG) microscope. The phase reversal of the SH wave accompanying inversion of spontaneous polarization is exploited to visualize domains. Interference between SH waves converts the phase information to the SH contrast. The domain mapping is achieved in LiNbO3 and LiTaO3 by nonlinear coefficients d33 and d22 under the microscope, which enables the characterization of a periodically poled structure in quasi-phase-matched wavelength converters in a nondestructive way. The validity of the technique is proved by another characterizing tool of destructive etching.
Immunoisolation of Nanoparticles Containing Endocytic Vesicles for Drug Quantitation (2013)

Cell-mediated nanoparticle delivery has recently emerged as an efficacious method of delivering therapeutic agents across physiological barriers. Use of cells as nanodelivery vehicles requires accurate assessment of their loading capacity and identification of intracellular compartments where nanoparticles are sequestered. This is of great interest since specific endocytic trafficking routes can ultimately influence the mode of nanoparticle release and their efficacy and function. Here, we describe a technique that allows for the isolation of individual populations of nanoparticle-containing endosomes for subsequent quantitative analysis and more accurate description of where nanoparticles are stored on a subcellular level.
Complete DNA Sequence and Structural Analysis of the Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli Adherence Factor Plasmid (1999)

The complete nucleotide sequence and organization of the enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) adherence factor (EAF) plasmid of EPEC strain B171 (O111:NM) were determined. The EAF plasmid encodes two known virulence-related operons, the bfp operon, which is composed of genes necessary for biosynthesis of bundle-forming pili, and the bfpTVW (perABC) operon, composed of regulatory genes required for bfp transcription and also for transcriptional activation of the eae gene in the LEE pathogenicity island on the EPEC chromosome. The 69-kb EAF plasmid, henceforth designated pB171, contains, besides the bfp and bfpTVW (perABC) operons, potential virulence-associated genes, plasmid replication and maintenance genes, and many insertion sequence elements. Of the newly identified open reading frames (ORFs), two which comprise a single operon had the potential to encode proteins with high similarity to a C-terminal region of ToxB whose coding sequence is located on pO157, a large plasmid harbored by enterohemorrhagic E. coli. Another ORF, located between the bfp and bfpTVW operons, showed high similarity with trcA, a bfpT-regulated chaperone-like protein gene of EPEC. Two sites were found to be putative replication regions: one similar to RepFIIA of p307 or F, and the other similar to RepFIB of R100 (NR1). In addition, we identified a third region that contains plasmid maintenance genes. Insertion elements were scattered throughout the plasmid, indicating the mosaic nature of the EAF plasmid and suggesting evolutionary events by which virulence genes may have been obtained.
Electrospinning of micro- and nanofibers (2014)

This chapter deals with the mechanisms and electrohydrodynamic modeling of the physical processes resulting in electrospinning of nanofibers with cross-sectional diameters approximately in the range 100 nm to 1 µm. These involve the physical nature of fluids used in electrospinning, leaky dielectrics, discussed in Section 5.2, and the formation of the precursor of electrospun jets, the Taylor cone, described in Section 5.3. Polymer jets in electrospinning possess an initial straight section, which is discussed in Section 5.4. Experimental observations of the key element of the electrospinning process, the electrically driven bending instability, which is similar to the aerodynamically driven jet bending of Chapters 3 and 4, are covered in Section 5.5. Section 5.6 describes the theory of the bending instability in electrospinning. Multiple jet interaction in electrospinning and needleless electrospinning are discussed in Section 5.7. Co-electrospinning and emulsion electrospinning of core–shell fibers (Section 5.8) are based on similar physical principles to electrospinning of monolithic nanofibers. The electrostatic field-assisted assembly techniques developed with the aim of positioning and aligning individual nanofibers in arrays and ropes are discussed in Section 5.9. Melt electrospinning of polymer fibers is briefly outlined in Section 5.10.
Biomechanical analysis of different knee angle starting positions in nordic hamstring exercise: preliminary study (2020)

(2020). Biomechanical analysis of different knee angle starting positions in nordic hamstring exercise: preliminary study. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Vol. 23, 45th Congress of the Société de Biomécanique, pp. S265-S267.
COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN RIGHT VENTRICULAR OUTFLOW TRACT AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR APEX PACING ON CARDIAC FUNCTION (2012)

Objectives To evaluate cardiac function change in patients using the right ventricular outflow tract and right ventricular apex pacing. Methods 119 patients with bradyarrhythmias in our hospital were consecutive selected, cardiac pacemaker implantation are in line with class one indications. exclude, chronic atrial fibrillation, cardiac function three or four grade (NYHA), acute coronary syndrome and other serious medical diseases. And 60 patients randomly selected for right ventricular outflow tract pacing (DDD), (group A). 59 cases (group B), selected for right ventricular apex pacing in. Both groups were no significant difference with age, gender, type of arrhythmia, heart function. Results The two groups according to the cumulative percent ventricular pacing (cum% VP &gt;50% &lt;100%, 42 cases in group A, 38 cases in group B, between the two groups was not statistically significant; but the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in group A higher than in group B, and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) decreased in group A compare with group B (p&lt;0.05). Group A after 18 months compared with preoperative LVEF has a certain degree increased, BNP decreased (p&gt;0.05), group B after 18 months compared with preoperative LVEF slightly lower, with a certain degree of increased BNP (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions Right ventricular outflow tract pacing can improve heart function compared with right ventricular apex pacing, and to some extent improve heart function compared with preoperative too.
Flexible QQVGA AMOLED display with organic TFTs (2011)

We present a QQVGA top emitting monochrome AMOLED display with 85dpi resolution using an organic TFT backplane on low temperature PEN-foil. The back plane process flow is based on a 7 layer photolithography process that yields a final mobility of the OTFT of 0.4cm2/Vs. The aperture ratio of the top-emitting OLEDs is over 75%. For operation at 10 V supply voltage (VDD), the brightness of the display using red, green or blue OLEDs exceeds 200cd/m2. We will furthermore discuss the relevant parameters that determine the performance of our organic backplanes for OLED displays, in particular bias stress, output resistance, uniformity and current drive capability.
CHANNEL AND ACTIVE COMPONENT ABSTRACTIONS FOR WSN PROGRAMMING - A Language Model with Operating System Support (2012)

To support the programming of Wireless Sensor Networks, a number of unconventional programming models have evolved, in particular the event-based model. These models are non-intuitive to programmers due to the introduction of unnecessary, non-intrinsic complexity. Component-based languages like Insense can eliminate much of this unnecessary complexity via the use of active components and synchronous channels. However, simply layering an Insense implementation over an existing event-based system, like TinyOS, while proving efficacy, is insufficiently space and time efficient for production use. The design and implementation of a new language-specific OS, InceOS, enables both space and time efficient programming of sensor networks using component-based languages like Insense.
The Growing Regulation of Conversion Therapy (2016)

Conversion therapies are any treatments, including individual talk therapy, behavioral (e.g. aversive stimuli), group therapy or milieu (e.g. "retreats or inpatient treatments" relying on all of the above methods) treatments, which attempt to change an individual's sexual orientation from homosexual to heterosexual. However these practices have been repudiated by major mental health organizations because of increasing evidence that they are ineffective and may cause harm to patients and their families who fail to change. At present, California, New Jersey, Oregon, Illinois, Washington, DC, and the Canadian Province of Ontario have passed legislation banning conversion therapy for minors and an increasing number of US States are considering similar bans. In April 2015, the Obama administration also called for a ban on conversion therapies for minors. The growing trend toward banning conversion therapies creates challenges for licensing boards and ethics committees, most of which are unfamiliar with the issues raised by complaints against conversion therapists. This paper reviews the history of conversion therapy practices as well as clinical, ethical and research issues they raise. With this information, state licensing boards, ethics committees and other regulatory bodies will be better able to adjudicate complaints from members of the public who have been exposed to conversion therapies.
LTSpAUC: Learning Time-Series Shapelets for Partial AUC Maximization (2020)

Shapelets are discriminative segments used to classify time-series instances. Shapelet methods that jointly learn both classifiers and shapelets have been studied in recent years because such methods provide both interpretable results and superior accuracy. The partial area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (pAUC) for a low range of false-positive rates (FPR) is an important performance measure for practical cases in industries such as medicine, manufacturing, and maintenance. In this article, we propose a method that jointly learns both shapelets and a classifier for pAUC optimization in any FPR range, including the full AUC. In addition, we propose the following two extensions for shapelet methods: (1) reducing algorithmic complexity in time-series length to linear time and (2) explicitly determining the classes that shapelets tend to match. Comparing with state-of-the-art learning-based shapelet methods, we demonstrated the superiority of pAUC on UCR time-series data sets and its effectiveness in industrial case studies from medicine, manufacturing, and maintenance.
Electrochemical Recognition of Ions with Self-assembled Monlayers of Calixarenes (2001)

Abstract Quinone-functionalized calix[4]arenes with carboxylic acid groups or disulfide group were prepared and their spontaneous adsorption respectively on silver and gold surface was studied. Since the cavity-like structure of calixarenes was immobilized, they exhibited selective affinity towards specific metal ions in aqueous media. Voltammetric as well as EQCM and spectroscopic studies showed the well-ordered deposition of organic receptors and entrapment of metal ions. And it also was found that the repeated capture and removal of metal ions reversibly with chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was possible. This is the first example, in our knowledge, of voltammetric detection of metal ions in aqueous media using a chemically modified electrode with redoxactive macrocyclic receptors.
Changes in plasma active renin and prorenin after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography. (1989)

Plasma active renin, total renin (active renin plus prorenin) and immunoreactive trypsin were measured simultaneously before and after endoscopic retrograde pancreatography (ERP) in 9 subjects suspected of having pancreatic or biliary disease. After ERP, their plasma immunoreactive trypsin level increased significantly (p less than 0.02) from 12.4 +/- 1.5 to 163 +/- 57 ng/ml (means +/- SEM), while their plasma renin activity, total renin activity and ratio of active renin to total renin did not change. Individual values for the ratio of active renin to total renin correlated significantly (p less than 0.01) with those for immunoreactive trypsin in the basal condition (before ERP), but not after ERP. These results suggest that plasma trypsin is involved in activation of prorenin to active renin in the basal condition, and that ERP-induced increase in plasma trypsin has no effect on activation of prorenin.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrolysis of Stabilised Phosphorus Ylides as a Route to New Hetero Carbenes (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Host engulfment pathway controls inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease (2020)

Chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) urgently need new biomarkers as a significant proportion of patients, do not respond to current medications. Inflammation is a common factor in these diseases, and microbial sensing in the intestinal tract is critical to initiate the inflammation. We have identified ELMO1 (engulfment and cell motility protein 1) as a microbial sensor in epithelial and phagocytic cells that turns on inflammatory signals. Using a stem cell-based 'gut-in-a-dish' coculture model, we studied the interactions between microbes, epithelium, and monocytes in the context of IBD. To mimic the in vivo cell physiology, enteroid-derived monolayers (EDMs) were generated from the organoids isolated from WT and ELMO1-/- mice and colonic biopsies of IBD patients. The EDMs were infected with the IBD-associated microbes to monitor the inflammatory responses. ELMO1-depleted EDMs displayed a significant reduction in bacterial internalization, a decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine productions and monocyte recruitment. The expression of ELMO1 is elevated in the colonic epithelium and in the inflammatory infiltrates within the lamina propria of IBD patients where the higher expression is positively correlated with the elevated expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MCP-1 and TNF-α. MCP-1 is released from the epithelium and recruits monocytes to the site of inflammation. Once recruited, monocytes require ELMO1 to engulf the bacteria and propagate a robust TNF-α storm. These findings highlight that the dysregulated epithelial ELMO1 → MCP-1 axis can serve as an early biomarker in the diagnostics of IBD and other inflammatory disorders.
Anti-AIDS Agents. 78. † Design, Synthesis, Metabolic Stability Assessment, and Antiviral Evaluation of Novel Betulinic Acid Derivatives as Potent Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Agents (2020)

In a continuing study of potent anti-HIV agents, seventeen 28,30-disubstituted betulinic acid (BA, 1) derivatives, as well as seven novel 3,28-disubstituted BA analogs were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for in vitro antiviral activity. Among them, compound 21 showed an improved solubility and equal anti-HIV potency (EC50: 0.09 μM), when compared to HIV entry inhibitors 3b (IC9564) and 4 (A43-D). Using a cyclic secondary amine to form the C-28 amide bond increased the metabolic stability of the derivatives significantly in pooled human liver microsomes. The most potent compounds 47 and 48 displayed potent anti-HIV activity with EC50 values of 0.007 μM and 0.006 μM, respectively. These results are slightly better than that of bevirimat (2), which is currently in Phase IIb clinical trials. Compounds 47 and 48 should serve as attractive promising leads to develop next generation, metabolically stable, 3,28-disubstituted bifunctional HIV-1 inhibitors as clinical trials candidates.
Establishment of a highly sensitive Taqman-based assay for non-invasively detecting biomarkers expressed in circulating tumor cells in human and mouse whole blood. (2007)

3492 In this study, we developed a Taqman-based RT-PCR assay to quantify circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in human and mouse whole blood. Human gastric cancer cells MKN45 were spiked into whole mouse or human blood and RNA was extracted and analyzed by Taqman RT-PCR with probes specific for a panel of markers, including human Cytokeratin 8 (CK-8), Cytokeratin 18 (CK-18), Cytokeratin 19 (CK-19), cMET and EpCAM. The assay can detect as few as 2-5 cells in 1ml of human or mouse whole blood. The sensitivity of the assay depends on the expression level of the marker used, with CK-18 being the most abundant marker for MKN45 and hence the most sensitive one. To correlate tumor burden with amount of human cancer markers in mouse blood in an animal model, MKN45 cells were implanted i.p. to nude mice, and after 3 weeks peritoneal tumors were excised and weighed and blood analyzed. The amount of CTCs, as measured by Taqman on RNA, tightly correlated (R2 = 0.8893) with tumor burden. To evaluate whether such markers can be used as surrogate markers for predicting treatment efficacy, a set of nude mice bearing MKN45 i.p. tumors was treated with 25 or 75 mg/kg/dose p.o. twice daily for 2 weeks with a potent inhibitor of cMet as well as a potent inhibitor CPT-11. The cMET compound caused a 50% and 90% reduction in tumor burden, whereas CPT-11 caused over 90% tumor reduction. The blood was analyzed and showed a correlated dose-dependent reduction in the markers by the Taqman assay. Our data suggest that human cancer/epithelial markers can be used as surrogate markers for assessing efficacy during anti-cancer drug treatment. Additionally, such markers have potential for patient stratification using non-invasive methods. contact: drhanying@gmail.com
The sensitivity of a lower limb model to axial rotation offsets and muscle bounds at the knee (2012)

Soft tissue artifacts during motion capture can lead to errors in kinematics and incorrect estimation of joint angles and segment motion. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of shank segment axial rotation and knee rotator muscle bounds on predicted muscle and joint forces in a musculoskeletal model of the lower limb. A maximal height jump for ten subjects was analysed using the original motion data and then modified for different levels of internal and external rotation, and with the upper force bound doubled for five muscles. Both externally rotating the shank and doubling the muscle bounds increased the ability of the model to find a solution in regions of high loading. Muscle force levels in popliteus and tensor fascia latae showed statistically significant differences, but less so in plantaris, sartorius or gracilis. The shear and patellofemoral joint forces were found to be significantly affected by axial rotation during specific phases of the motion and were dependent on the amount of rotation. Fewer differences were observed when doubling the muscle bounds, except for the patellofemoral force and plantaris and sartorius muscle force, which were significantly increased in many of the jump phases. These results give an insight into the behaviour of the model and give an indication of the importance of accurate kinematics and subject-specific geometry.