gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE MECHANISM OF COPOLYMER RETENTION IN INTERACTIVE POLYMER CHROMATOGRAPHY. II. GRADIENT SEPARATION (1999)

Abstract The molecular-statistical theory of polymer solutions in confined media is applied to the conventional chromatographic theory of gradient elution. This approach leads to the prediction of the special mode of interactive polymer chromatography: gradient elution at critical point of adsorption. We demonstrate theoretically and experimentally that under appropriate conditions elution of each compositionally homogeneous fraction of copolymer occurs at the critical mobile phase composition. This critical mobile phase composition depends only on the local structure of the copolymer chain and is independent of its molecular weight. As a consequence, gradient elution produces the chemical composition distribution of the copolymer. The theory provides the quantitative conditions for statistical copolymer chains to have a single transition point. Equations describing relationships between the critical eluent composition and the chemical composition and microstructure of macromolecules are developed. The experimental verification of the theory was performed by the normal phase isocratic and gradient elution of chlorinated polyethylene with various chemical compositions (chlorine content) and molecular weights. To the best of our knowledge, these experiments, for the first time, demonstrate the existence of the adsorption-desorption transition point for statistical copolymers. The gradient separation at the critical point of adsorption can be applied also to other complex polymers containing various types of molecular heterogeneity. Acknowledgments
Thermal Properties and Effects for Li/BCX (Thionyl Chloride) Cells (1987)

New NASA requirements for the screening of lithium cells for space applications involve thermal soaks at elevated temperatures (149 C). The currently qualified Li/BCX cells and three design modifications have been evaluated showing that a design incorporating a shortened electrode stack met this test condition while continuing to satisfy the performance and safety requirements for cells used on NASA manned space vehicles. Information was also developed to show that measured heat capacities for the BCX D size cells correlated well with the heat generated from cells discharged in an insulated environment. Calculated heat capacities based on the amounts and types of materials in a cell were low compared to these values. This information provides the basis for the design of battery packs in the highly insulating environment of outer space.
Undangle: early detection of dangling pointers in use-after-free and double-free vulnerabilities (2012)

Use-after-free vulnerabilities are rapidly growing in popularity, especially for exploiting web browsers. Use-after-free (and double-free) vulnerabilities are caused by a program operating on a dangling pointer. In this work we propose early detection, a novel runtime approach for finding and diagnosing use-after-free and double-free vulnerabilities. While previous work focuses on the creation of the vulnerability (i.e., the use of a dangling pointer), early detection shifts the focus to the creation of the dangling pointer(s) at the root of the vulnerability. Early detection increases the effectiveness of testing by identifying unsafe dangling pointers in executions where they are created but not used. It also accelerates vulnerability analysis and minimizes the risk of incomplete fixes, by automatically collecting information about all dangling pointers involved in the vulnerability. We implement our early detection technique in a tool called Undangle. We evaluate Undangle for vulnerability analysis on 8 real-world vulnerabilities. The analysis uncovers that two separate vulnerabilities in Firefox had a common root cause and that their patches did not completely fix the underlying bug. We also evaluate Undangle for testing on the Firefox web browser identifying a potential vulnerability.
Enhanced peritoneal dialysis delivery with PD-PLUS. (1992)

We prospectively studied the effects of enhanced continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on the normalized protein catabolic rate (NPCR) and Kprt/V of two patients with zero residual renal function and marginal or below minimal HCFA values on urea kinetic modeling (Kprt/V = 0.21). Predictable increases in NPCR (from 0.61 to 0.76 and from 0.73 to 0.81 gm/kg/day, respectively) were seen after two weeks of enhanced CAPD achieved by the addition of a fifth nighttime exchange by a portable, easily operable, automated device (PD-PLUS).
Micrometer‐sized thread‐like and/or spherical particles in the first fraction of cerebrospinal fluid in patients with bipolar disorder (2010)

The identified particles in the first fraction of CSF have previously not been described in patients with bipolar disorder. Hypothetically, the amount of SEM structures in CSF, from none to many, might correlate to the degree of the alleged underlying disease processes in the central nervous system in patients with bipolar disease.
The Temporal Gene Expression Patterns of Embryonic Hematopoiesis after Hemangioblast Commitment. (2005)

Abstract Human embryonic stem (ES) cells provide a unique model for studying the development and function of human tissues. To better understand early development of the hematopoietic lineage, here we use microarray expression analysis to examine the temporal patterns of gene expression in embryoid bodies derived from human ES cells around the time when the definitive hematopoiesis peaks. We use an empirical Bayes hierarchical modeling approach, called EBarrays, to assess each of the possible temporal patterns of gene expression for the 5 time points examined, and correlate those patterns with the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis. We find that several genes known to be associated with early hematopoietic commitment, such as Flk-1 and TAL-1/SCL, are expressed 4-6 days before the peak colony formation cells (CFCs) production. The expression of a distinct group of genes previously identified as important in adult hematopoietic self-renewal (such as PIK3R1, ABCB1/MDR-1, RGS18, IRS1, SENP6/SUMO-1, and Wnt5A etc. correlated with the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis. Novel genes demonstrating the same expression pattern as this group are likely to have critical roles in the development and self-renewal of definitive hematopoietic precursors.
Asymmetric Diels-Alder reactions with chiral dienes. Control of facial selectivity through hydrogen bonding (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric Diels-Alder reactions with chiral dienes. Control of facial selectivity through hydrogen bondingRabindranath Tripathy, Patrick J. Carroll, and Edward R. ThorntonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 18, 6743–6744Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00174a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00174a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Time-Resolved DPIV Analysis of Vortex Dynamics in a Left Ventricular Model Through Bileaflet Mechanical and Porcine Heart Valve Prostheses (2004)

The performance of the heart after a mitral valve replacement operation greatly depends on the flow character downstream of the valve. The design and implanting orientation of valves may considerably affect the flow development. A study of the hemodynamics of two orientations, anatomical and anti-anatomical, of the St. Jude Medical (SJM) bileaflet valve are presented and compared with those of the SJM Biocor porcine valve, which served also to represent the natural valve. We document the velocity field in a flexible, transparent (LV) using time-resolved digital particle image velocimetry (TRDPIV). Vortex formation and vortex interaction are two important physical phenomena that dominate the filling and emptying of the ventricle. For the three configurations, the following effects were examined: mitral valve inlet jet asymmetry, survival of vortical structures upstream of the aortic valve, vortex-induced velocities and redirection of theflow in abidance of the Biot-Savart law, domain segmentation, resonant times of vortical structures, and regions of stagnantflow. The presence of three distinct flow patterns, for the three configurations, was identified by the location of vortical structures and level of coherence corresponding to a significant variation in the turbulence level distribution inside the LV. The adverse effect of these observations could potentially compromise the efficiency of the LV and result in flow patterns that deviate from those in the natural heart.
Hypnosis for rehabilitation after stroke: six case studies (2006)

This report presents qualitative accounts from a pilot clinical study of six chronic stroke subjects. Our hypothesis was that a hypnotic procedure would help overcome learned nonuse, which is thought to contribute to impaired motor function of the paretic upper limb in chronic stroke patients. The hypnotic procedure involved selecting motor tasks that would challenge each subject, then (1) imagined practice of the challenging motor task revivified from prior to the stroke alternated with imagined practice in the present; (2) imagined practice in the present alternated with imagined practice during active-alert hypnosis; and (3) active-alert imagined practice alternated with actual physical performance. We observed qualitative improvements in motor function related to increased range of motion, increased grip strength, and reduced spasticity of the paretic upper limb. Subjects consistently reported an improved outlook, increased motivation, as well as greater awareness of and decreased effort to perform motor tasks with the paretic limb. Copyright © 2006 British Society of Experimental & Clinical Hypnosis. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The HVJ-Envelope as an Innovative Vector System for Cardiovascular Disease (2004)

Recently promising results of gene therapy clinical trials have been reported for treatment of peripheral vascular and cardiovascular diseases using various angiogenic growth factors and other therapeutic genes. Viral vector and non-viral vector systems were employed in preclinical studies and clinical trials. Adenoviral vector and naked plasmid have been used most in the clinical studies. HVJ (hemagglutinating virus of Japan or Sendai virus)-liposome vector, a hybrid non-viral vector system with fusion of inactivated HVJ virus particle and liposome, has developed and demonstrated high transfection efficiency in preclinical studies of many different disease models, including a wide range of cardiovascular disease models. However, some limitations exist in the HVJ-liposome technology, especially in the scalability of its production. Recently an innovative vector technology, HVJ envelope (HVJ-E) has been developed as a non-viral vector, consisting of HVJ envelope without its viral genome, which is eliminated by a combination of inactivation and purification steps. HVJ-E is able to enclose various molecule entities, including DNA, oligonucleotides, proteins, as single or multiple therapeutic remedies. The therapeutic molecule-included HVJ-E vector can transfect various cell types in animals and humans with high efficiency. In this review, vector technology for cardiovascular disease and the biology of HVJ-E vector technology is discussed.
Genomic sequence of chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara, the ancestor of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (2007)

Chorioallantois vaccinia virus Ankara (CVA) is the parental virus of modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA), which was derived from CVA by more than 570 passages in chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF). MVA became severely host-cell-restricted to avian cells and has strongly diminished virulence in mammalian hosts, while maintaining good immunogenicity. We determined the complete coding sequence of the parental CVA and mapped the exact positions of the six major deletions that emerged in the MVA genome. All six major deletions occurred in regions of the CVA genome where one or more truncated or fragmented open reading frames (ORFs) pre-existed. The CVA genome contains 229 ORFs of which 51 are fragments of full-length orthopoxvirus (OPV) genes, including fragmented orthologues of C9L and M1L (encoding two well-conserved ankyrin-like proteins), A39R (encoding a semaphorin-like protein) and A55R (encoding a kelch-like protein). Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that MVA was most closely related to CVA, followed by the vaccinia virus (VACV) strain DUKE, a patient-derived isolate of the Dryvax vaccine virus. Loss or mutation of genes outside the six major deletions are assumed to contribute to the restricted host range phenotype of MVA. In support of this notion, deletions, insertions and non-synonymous mutations were found in 122 of the 195 ORFs remaining in MVA when compared with their CVA counterparts. Thus, detailed knowledge of the CVA genomic sequence is a prerequisite to further dissect the genetic basis of the MVA host range phenotype as well as the particular immunological properties of MVA.
Structure-based design of stabilized recombinant influenza neuraminidase tetramers (2021)

Abstract Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) is a major antiviral drug target and has recently reemerged as a key target of antibody-mediated protective immunity. Here we show that recombinant NAs across all non-bat subtypes adopt various tetrameric conformations, including a previously unreported “open” state that may help explain poorly understood variations in NA stability across viral strains and subtypes. We used homology-directed protein design to uncover the structural principles underlying these distinct tetrameric conformations and stabilize multiple recombinant NAs in the “closed” state. In addition to improving thermal stability, conformational stabilization improved affinity to protective antibodies elicited by viral infection, including antibodies targeting a quaternary epitope and the broadly conserved catalytic site. The stabilized NA proteins can also be integrated into viruses without affecting fitness. Our findings provide a deeper understanding of NA structure, stability, and antigenicity, as well as a roadmap towards structure-based discovery of NA-directed therapeutics and vaccines.
Structured IR illumination for relative depth sensing in virtual interfaces (2012)

Depth mapping or depth sensing has become a popular field, applied not only to automotive sensing for collision avoidance (radar) but also to gesture sensing for gaming and virtual interfaces (optical). Popular gesture sensing devices such as the Kinect from Microsoft's Xbox gaming device produce a full absolute depth map, which is in most cases not adapted to the task on hand (relative gesture sensing). We propose in this paper a new gesture sensing technique through structured IR illumination to provide a relative depth mapping rather than an absolute one, and this reducing the requirements on computing power and therefore enabling this technology for wearable computing such as see through display.
Chiral fiber sensors (2010)

We have fabricated a variety of chiral fiber sensors by twisting one or more standard or custom optical fibers with noncircular or nonconcentric core as they pass though a miniature oven. The resulting structures are as stable as the glass material and can be produced with helical pitch ranging from microns to hundreds of microns. The polarization selectivity of the chiral gratings is determined by the geometry of the fiber cross section. Single helix structures are polarization insensitive, while double helix gratings interact only with a single optical polarization component. Both single and double helix gratings may function as a fiber long period grating, coupling core and cladding modes or as a diffraction grating scattering light from the fiber core out of the fiber. The resulting dips in the transmission spectrum are sensitive to fiber elongation, twist and temperature, and (in the case of the long period gratings) to the refractive index of the surrounding medium. The suitability of chiral gratings for sensing temperature, elongation, twist and liquid levels will be discussed. Gratings made of radiation sensitive glass can be used to measure the cumulative radiation dose, while gratings made of radiation-hardened glass are suitable for stable sensing of the environment in nuclear power plants. Excellent temperature stability up to 900&deg;C is found in pure silica chiral diffraction grating sensors.
Categorization in natural time-varying image sequences (2009)

Approaches to single image categorization do not easily generalize to natural time-varying image sequences. In natural environments, object categories tend to have few features that help to distinguish between each other and the surrounding environment. To better discriminate between categories and the surrounding environment, we propose a multi-view categorization approach that exploits the statistics of image sequences rather than single images. The approach is unbiased towards redundant views - that is, it does not matter how many times an object appears from the same viewpoint. At the same time, the approach does not penalize for missing views, so that we do not have to capture an object at all viewpoints to successfully categorize the object. We first present a data set for studying natural environment monitoring: an image sequence of birds at a feeder station. After manual localization, a baseline bag of features approach was found to perform significantly worse on the proposed data set compared to the standard Caltech 101 data set. We find that our approach increases the categorization accuracy from 48% to 58% on average when compared to an equivalent single view categorization method. Finally, we show how the same metric proposed for the supervised categorization can be used to transform, in an unsupervised manner, an image sequence into a manageable set of categories.
An Effective Synthesis of a (Pyridin-3-yl)isoxazole via 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Using ZnCl2: Synthesis of a (2-Aminopyridin-3-yl)isoxazole Derivative and Its Antifungal Activity (2010)

Abstract We described a rare example of an effective isoxazole synthesis via a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition using ZnCl2, which allowed us to synthesize novel (2-aminopyridin-3-yl)isoxazole derivatives effectively. In addition, these compounds demonstrated potent antifungal activity in vitro against both Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus.
Morphological reorganization and mechanical enhancement in multilayered polyethylene/polypropylene films by layer multiplication or mild annealing (2017)

ABSTRACT Shortly after processing, Polyethylene/Polypropylene (PE/PP) multilayer films demonstrate an increase in tensile modulus and other mechanical properties when the individual layer thickness is below 0.5 µm. Subsequent annealing at 60 °C for 16 h brings the properties of all other samples to similar values. WAXD characterization of the layered films identified a prevalence of mesophase in the thicker PP layers. In samples with increased layer numerosity or subjected to annealing, WAXD detected its conversion to α crystalline phase that correlates with improved mechanical properties. SSNMR and DSC detailed the defective nature of α iPP crystallites. Comonomers, detected by NMR in the commercial polymers used for the films, are the source of “tunable disorder” that dictates the formation of the PP mesophase and the low temperature of conversion to the mechanically stronger defective α phase. Soft intrafilm layer interfaces instead enable nucleation and localized polymer chain rearrangement even without annealing. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56 , 520–531
Laparoscopic Repair of Perforated Marginal Ulcer Following Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Case Series (2011)

We present the largest series to date of laparoscopic repair of perforated marginal ulcers utilizing an omental patch for repair. We demonstrate that a laparoscopic repair can be completed in a reasonable operative time, with minimal postoperative hospitalization, and low associated morbidity. Patients who develop a perforated marginal ulcer after RYGB can be safely and effectively treated with laparoscopic repair with an omental patch.
A Statistical Tensile Model of Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Composites (1989)

Peer Reviewed
An inversion method for the determination of elastic moduli in tissue using magnetic resonance elastography (2003)

The method termed magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) permits a direct measurement of elastic displacements within materials that are subject to forced vibration. Additionally, these displacements are related to the material parameters through the equations of elasticity. In this paper, we give a brief presentation of a method for the determination of the elastic moduli (i.e. the components of the Hooke's tensor) given a knowledge of the elastic displacements though an inversion of the equations of elasticity. Experimental results are presented and the issue of anisotropy is addressed.
On the role of geometry in geo-localization (2021)

Consider the geo-localization task of finding the pose of a camera in a large 3D scene from a single image. Most existing CNN-based methods use as input textured images. We aim to experimentally explore whether texture and correlation between nearby images are necessary in a CNN-based solution for the geo-localization task. To do so, we consider lean images, textureless projections of a simple 3D model of a city. They only contain information related to the geometry of the scene viewed (edges, faces, and relative depth). The main contributions of this paper are: (i) to demonstrate the ability of CNNs to recover camera pose using lean images; and (ii) to provide insight into the role of geometry in the CNN learning process.
Cranial vault growth in craniosynostosis (1989)

Skull growth after single suture closure was described in 1851 by Virchow, who noted that growth in the plane perpendicular to a fused suture was restricted. However, this observation failed to predict compensatory growth patterns that produce many of the deformities recognized as features of individual syndromes. The deformities resulting from premature closure of a coronal, sagittal, metopic, or lambdoid suture can be predicted on the basis of the following observations: 1) cranial vault bones that are prematurely fused secondary to single suture closure act as a single bone plate with decreased growth potential; 2) asymmetrical bone deposition occurs mainly at perimeter sutures, with increased bone deposition directed away from the bone plate; 3) sutures adjacent to the prematurely fused suture compensate in growth more than those sutures not contiguous with the closed suture; and 4) enhanced symmetrical bone deposition occurs along both sides of a non-perimeter suture that is a continuation of the prematurely closed suture. These observations regarding growth in craniosynostosis are illustrated with clinical material in this report.