gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Summary Report of the First International Workshop on PET/MR Imaging, March 19–23, 2012, Tübingen, Germany (2013)

We report from the First International Workshop on positron emission tomography/magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) that was organized by the University of Tübingen in March 2012. Approximately 100 imaging experts in MRI, PET and PET/computed tomography (CT), among them early adopters of pre-clinical and clinical PET/MRI technology, gathered from March 19 to 24, 2012 in Tübingen, Germany. The objective of the workshop was to provide a forum for sharing first-hand methodological and clinical know-how and to assess the potential of combined PET/MRI in various applications from pre-clinical research to scientific as well as clinical applications in humans. The workshop was comprised of pro-active sessions including tutorials, specific discussion panels and grand rounds. Pre-selected experts moderated the sessions, and feedback from the subsequent discussions is presented here to a greater readership. Naturally, the summaries provided herein are subjective descriptions of the hopes and challenges of PET/MR imaging as seen by the workshop attendees at a very early point in time of adopting PET/MRI technology and, as such, represent only a snapshot of current approaches.
Weldline morphology of injection molded modified poly(phenylene‐oxide)/polyamide‐6 blends (2001)

Abstract The weldline morphology of modified‐poly(phenylene‐oxide)/polyamide‐6 blends has been investigated. A distinct contacting layer consisting of fine spherical particles was observed from the V‐notch at the surface to the center of the molded part for the low viscosity ratio blend. In contrast, such small particles were not found and a slight deformation was observed near the part's surface for the high viscosity ratio blend. The weldline morphology was found to be dominated by the deformation, the breakup, and the relaxation of the dispersed modified‐poly(phenyleneoxide) phase. The effect of injection conditions on the weldline morphology has also been investigated. The morphology of the meldline was quite complicated. Distorted multi‐layered structures were observed. It was found that those structures arise from the subsequent flow after merging of the two flow fronts. Weldlines and meldlines have been studied separately, and their formation mechanisms were found to be basically similar.
Selective Demetalations of Iron Diene Complexes. Expedient Synthesis of Substituted (Z)-Allylalcohols (1997)

(3E)-6-Oxo-1,3-dienetricarbonyliron complexes 1 can be demetalated in good yields exclusively either to the free unrearranged (3E)-6-oxodiene 2 with ceric ammonium nitrate in methanol or to the (2Z)-6-oxoallylalcohol 3 by an excess of NaOH/H2O2.
Genetic Association and Interaction Analysis of USF1 and APOA5 on Lipid Levels and Atherosclerosis (2009)

Our findings in these unique samples reinforce the roles of APOA5 and USF1 variants on cardiovascular phenotypes and suggest that both genes contribute to lipid levels and aortic atherosclerosis individually and possibly through epistatic effects.
Hypoxia-selective antitumor agents. 6. 4-(Alkylamino)nitroquinolines: a new class of hypoxia-selective cytotoxins (1992)

A series of isomeric 4-[[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]amino]nitroquinolines has been synthesized and evaluated as hypoxia-selective cytotoxins and as radiosensitizers of hypoxic cells. The compounds showed widely-differing hypersensitivity factors (ratios of cytotoxicity against wild-type and repair-deficient mammalian cells). Many compounds showed oxygen-sensitive bioreduction resulting in DNA alkylation, while others show oxygen-insensitive modes of action. Of the nitro isomers studied, the 5-nitro showed the greatest hypoxic selectivity. A series of ring-substituted analogues were then prepared, in an effort to lower its reduction potential of -286 mV. Structure-activity studies showed that the effects of substitution on reduction potential were complex, being mediated by electronic and steric effects on the nitro group, as well as by effects on quinoline pKa. Two compounds of lower reduction potential, the 3- and 8-methyl analogues, showed improved selectivity (47- and 60-fold in a clonogenic assay). These two compounds also showed the highest "in vitro therapeutic indices" of the series as hypoxic cell radiosensitizers. Despite these favorable in vitro properties, neither compound had activity against hypoxic cells in SCCVII tumors when administered at 60% of the MTD.
A new SIMS instrument for submicron microarea analysis (1990)

Abstract A new type of SIMS instrument has been developed for submicron microarea analysis. The instrument is incorporated with an electron beam, which provides scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of a sample. The operator determines the area to be analysed by observing the SEM image without damaging the sample, then switches the electron beam to an ion beam and carries out a SIMS analysis of that area. Electron and ion Beams with diameters of &lt;20 nm and &lt;70 nm, respectively, are focused on the sample. Some application data of the micro‐area elemental analysis are presented.
Abstract C232: ALB-109564, a novel tubulin inhibitor with improved efficacy over vinorelbine, is better tolerated when dosed iv versus ip, leading to improved activity in human tumor xenograft studies (2009)

Abstract Purpose: ALB-109564 is a novel semi-synthetic Vinca alkaloid which is currently in a Phase I clinical trial. The antitumor activity of ALB-109564 was compared to vinorelbine in human tumor xenograft studies when dosed ip and iv. Methods: The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of ALB-109564 and vinorelbine was determined in athymic nude mice using both ip and iv dosing on q4dx4 and q7dx4 schedules. Athymic nude mice (n = 10) were implanted sc with a number of human tumor cell lines. Following establishment of measurable tumors, mice received equivalent therapeutic doses, based on their MTDs, of vinorelbine and ALB-109564. Vinorelbine and ALB-109564 were compared by dosing ip (q4dx4) in a panel of five xenografts (H460 NSCLC, Colo205 colon cancer, PC3 prostate cancer, H69 SCLC, and MX-1 breast cancer). Additionally, a comparison of ALB-109564 and vinorelbine was run dosing iv on a q7dx4 schedule in two xenograft models (PC3 and H460). Results: It was discovered that ALB-109564 and vinorelbine were better tolerated when dosed iv rather than ip, allowing higher dose levels of both agents. For example, the MTD for ALB-109564 using the q4dx4 schedule was 6 mpk ip compared with 14 mpk iv. ALB-109564 demonstrated antitumor activity superior to vinorelbine when dosed at their respective MTDs ip. Statistically significant tumor growth delays (TGDs) were observed with ALB-109564 in four of the five xenografts studied while vinorelbine did not significantly delay tumor growth in any of the models when dosing ip. A comparison of the two agents dosed iv in the PC3 and H460 xenograft models showed that both agents induced significant TGDs in both models with ALB-109564 showing superior efficacy in the H460 study (35.7 days TGD vs. 15.7 days at respective MTDs). Conclusions: Preclinical evaluation of tubulin inhibitor ALB-109564 (12′-methylthiovinblastine dihydrochloride) demonstrated in vivo oncolytic activity against several human tumor cell types in xenograft models greater than that seen with vinorelbine. These results demonstrate that minor structural modifications of vinca alkaloids can have a large impact on activity. Based on these results a Phase I clinical study with ALB-109564 was initiated in August 2008 and is ongoing through dose-escalation. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):C232.
The Identification of a Novel Highly Condensed Pentacyclic Heteroaromatic Ring System 1,3,5,5b,6,8,10,10b‐Octaazacyclopenta[h,i]Aceanthrylene and its Application in the Synthesis of 5,7‐Substituted Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]Pyrimidines (2014)

Pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidines are of interest as potential kinase inhibitors. This article describes the formation of a novel highly conjugated, condensed, centrosymmetric heteroaromatic compound, 4,9‐dichloro‐2,7‐diisopropyl‐1,3,5,5b,6,8,10,10b‐octaazacyclopenta[h,i]aceanthrylene ( 3 ), during the chlorination of 5,7‐dihydroxypyrazolo[4,3‐ d ]pyrimidine ( 1 ) with phenylphosphonic dichloride. The nucleophilic attack of benzylamine on 3 afforded N‐benzyl‐5‐chloro‐3‐isopropyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐7‐amine ( 6 ), which was further substituted to yield a pyrazolo[4,3‐ d ]pyrimidine analogue of roscovitine, a well‐known cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor.
The Optics of Distributed Vibration Sensing (2013)

In distributed vibration sensing (DVS) - also known as distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) technology, an optical fibre is deployed in the borehole to be surveyed and is used to detect seismic waves originating from a source outside the well. Although the EAGE and SEG literature describes the results of using DVS for borehole seismic applications, essentially nothing has been written about the underlying optical technology in the geophysics technical literature. This paper therefore outlines the main methods that are probably used by the main participants in the DVS activity, insofar as this can be deduced from publications in the field of fibre optics and the patent literature.
Structural analysis of covalent peptide dimers, bis(pyridine-2-carboxamidonetropsin)(CH2)3-6, in complex with 5'-TGACT-3' sites by two-dimensional NMR (1993)

The peptide pyridine-2-carboxamidonetropsin (2-PyN) binds specifically in the minor groove of 5'-(A,T)G(A,T)C(A,T)-3' sequences as a side-by-side antiparallel dimer. Tethering two 2-PyN ligands through the nitrogens of the central pyrrole rings with propyl, butyl, pentyl and hexyl linkers affords covalent peptide dimers, bis(pyridine-2-carboxamide-netropsin)(CH_2)_(3-6), which bind in the minor groove of DNA with increased binding affinities and improved sequence specificities. Two-dimensional NMR studies of the complexes formed upon binding of these covalent peptide dimers to an oligonucleotide containing a 5'-TGACT-3' site reveal that the dimeric peptides bind as intramolecular dimers with nearly identical geometry and peptide-DNA contacts as in the (2-PyN)_2•5'-TGACT-3' complex.
Theory of the Parametric Oscillation in an Electron Beam-Plasma System (1979)

The density oscillations in a system composed of a one-dimensional cold electron plasma and a cold electron beam are considered where the beam is assumed to be modulated sinusoidally and also to be bounded by a repeater in the plasma. A nonlinear differential equation which describes the density oscillations in the beam-plasma system is derived from the Vlasov and Poisson equations. The equation does not take the so-called van der Pol-type, but is, as one of the linear approximations, reduced to a Mathieu-type equation with an inhomogeneous term: d 2 ρ/d t 2 +ω e 2 [1-σcos (ω t )]ρ=σ(ω 2 -ω e 2 )cos (ω t ). This inhomogeneous Mathieu equation is analyzed by the method of Bogoliubov and Mitropolsky. The spectrum of the characteristic frequency obtained from the analysis is compared with the experimental results.
Environmental Perception for Mobile Robots Using a Variable Ranging Sensor Array (2019)

Recently, large-scale disasters occur frequently, and the demand for disaster robots is increasing. Environmental perception is necessary for mobile robots to act autonomously in complex environments such as disaster sites. Various measurements are necessary for environmental perception in such environments. For example, global measurement for recognizing the entire surrounding environment, local measurement for recognizing an obstacle, and the like are included. Therefore, in this research, we develop a Variable Ranging Sensor Array equipped with multiple Laser Range Finders. In this paper, we propose a control method of the sensor array measurement using the concept of Multi-Objective Behavior Coordination. We showed the effectiveness of the proposed method by experiment that moved the mobile robot autonomously based on the environmental perception result from the sensor array.
Dynamics of broad H3K4me3 domains uncover an epigenetic switch between cell identity and cancer-related genes (2021)

Broad domains of H3K4 methylation have been associated with consistent expression of tissue-specific, cell identity, and tumor suppressor genes. Here, we identified broad domain-associated genes in healthy human thymic T cell populations and a collection of T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) primary samples and cell lines. We found that broad domains are highly dynamic throughout T cell differentiation, and their varying breadth allows the distinction between normal and neoplastic cells. Although broad domains preferentially associate with cell identity and tumor suppressor genes in normal thymocytes, they flag key oncogenes in T-ALL samples. Moreover, the expression of broad domain-associated genes, both coding and noncoding, is frequently deregulated in T-ALL. Using two distinct leukemic models, we showed that the ectopic expression of T-ALL oncogenic transcription factor preferentially impacts the expression of broad domain-associated genes in preleukemic cells. Finally, an H3K4me3 demethylase inhibitor differentially targets T-ALL cell lines depending on the extent and number of broad domains. Our results show that the regulation of broad H3K4me3 domains is associated with leukemogenesis, and suggest that the presence of these structures might be used for epigenetic prioritization of cancer-relevant genes, including long noncoding RNAs.
Urinary glycan markers for disease (2011)

Robust assays for the isolation and characterization of urinary FOS (free oligosaccharides) have been developed to screen patients for altered protein and/or lipid glycosylation. A FOS analysis can therefore identify potential biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma, since variations in glycosylation as a result of tumorigenecity should be detectable in the FOS of patients. HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) accounts for 80-90% of all liver cancers. It occurs more often in men than women and occurs mostly in people 50-60 years old. The disease is more common in parts of Africa and Asia than in North or South America and Europe. Using a combination of solid-phase extraction techniques and affinity chromatography, followed by separation of urinary FOS by NP (normal phase)-HPLC and HIAX (hydrophilic interaction and anion-exchange)-HPLC, more than 200 different species have been identified in patient samples. The high incidence of small sialylated oligosaccharides in HCC patients suggests that pro-inflammatory markers may be detected as early indicators of disease progression. In addition, the methods developed here to isolate and analyse excreted glycoprotein- and glycosphingolipid-bound oligosaccharides have been used to characterize changes in metabolic processes that underlie a number of human genetic disorders. The ability to predict disease status in microlitre amounts of readily available non-invasive urine samples indicates that rapid methods for screening can be developed.
The Campylobacter jejuni Transcriptional Regulator Cj1556 Plays a Role in the Oxidative and Aerobic Stress Response and Is Important for Bacterial SurvivalIn Vivo (2011)

Campylobacter jejuni is the leading bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. Despite stringent microaerobic growth requirements, C. jejuni is ubiquitous in the aerobic environment and so must possess regulatory systems to sense and adapt to external stimuli, such as oxidative and aerobic (O(2)) stress. Reannotation of the C. jejuni NCTC11168 genome sequence identified Cj1556 (originally annotated as a hypothetical protein) as a MarR family transcriptional regulator, and further analysis indicated a potential role in regulating the oxidative stress response. A C. jejuni 11168H Cj1556 mutant exhibited increased sensitivity to oxidative and aerobic stress, decreased ability for intracellular survival in Caco-2 human intestinal epithelial cells and J774A.1 mouse macrophages, and a reduction in virulence in the Galleria mellonella infection model. Microarray analysis of gene expression changes in the Cj1556 mutant indicated negative autoregulation of Cj1556 expression and downregulation of genes associated with oxidative and aerobic stress responses, such as katA, perR, and hspR. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays confirmed the binding of recombinant Cj1556 to the promoter region upstream of the Cj1556 gene. cprS, which encodes a sensor kinase involved in regulation of biofilm formation, was also upregulated in the Cj1556 mutant, and subsequent studies showed that the mutant had a reduced ability to form biofilms. This study identified a novel C. jejuni transcriptional regulator, Cj1556, that is involved in oxidative and aerobic stress responses and is important for the survival of C. jejuni in the natural environment and in vivo.
Maximizing Focus Quality Through Random Media with Discrete-Phase-Sampling Lenses (2023)

Wavefronts modulated by a discrete-phase-sampling lens, such as a spatial light modulator or a digital micromirror device, can be brought into focus after propagating through a random medium. Such techniques are a cornerstone for wave manipulations in multiple scattering environments. In this work, we examine prevailing focusing protocols, including matched filtering and inverse filtering, from the perspective of focus quality, which is defined as the contrast between the energy delivered to the focal peak and the total transmitted energy. Our results show that conventional protocols have limitations in achieving the best focus quality. Based on these analyses, we present an improved wavefront-shaping protocol that directly prioritizes focus quality. The influence of phase sampling resolutions is also analyzed in conjunction with these focusing protocols. Our results can merit the future design and implementation of intelligent lenses, which may potentially benefit various disciplines such as energy delivery, imaging, and communication.
Analytical Models of Wireless Power Transfer Systems with a Constant-Power Load (2018)

Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) has attracted much attention in recent years. Voltage tuning and frequency tuning are two major tuning methods to control the output of a WPT system. For the design of a WPT system at the rated output power, it is crucial to analyze the WPT system with a constant-power load under voltage tuning and frequency tuning. The analytical models of a WPT system with a constant-power load both at and off the resonant frequency are established. The expressions of the transmitter current, the receiver current, the DC voltage of the rectifier, and the coil-to-coil efficiency are derived. The conditions to achieve the maximum coil-to-coil efficiency for voltage tuning and frequency tuning are obtained. An experimental prototype is implemented. The experimental results agree well with the analysis and the calculations. With a strong coupling, the maximum efficiency of frequency tuning can be as high as that of voltage tuning.
A Comparative Study of Two Renal Stone Analysis Methods (2010)

Background and Aims: The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) methods are particularly useful for the analysis of renal calculi due to their simplicity and the information they provide, and the results can guide therapeutic approaches and prevention of recurrence. The aim of this study was to compare SEM and FTIR as methods for renal calculus analysis. Methods: Analysis of renal calculi from the Tadla-Azilal region (Morocco) were performed by optical stereomicroscopy, followed by FTIR or SEM. The results obtained by the two methods were compared. Results: Both methods clearly showed a predominance of calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM; 54%) in renal calculi from the study region, while calcium oxalate dihydrate calculi represented only 13.5%. Purine calculi were almost as frequent as phosphate calculi (24.3%), and struvite calculi comprised 8.1%. The high prevalence of COM calculi could be the result of several factors including sedentary lifestyles and eating habits, the latter involving a major contribution to oxalates from frequent consumption of tea. Conclusions: The results showed good agreement between the two methods, which provided appropriate
CALCULATION OF HEAT TRANSFER IN A RADIALLY ROTATING COOLANT PASSAGE (1994)

Abstract The three-dimensional flow field and heat transfer in a radially rotating coolant passage are studied numerically. The passage chosen has a square cross section with smooth isothermal walls of finite length. The axis of rotation is normal to the flow direction with the flow radially outward. The effects of Coriolis forces, centrifugal buoyancy, and fluid Reynolds number on the flow and heat transfer have all been considered. The analysis has been performed by using a fully elliptic, three-dimensional, body-fitted computational fluid dynamics code based on pressure correction techniques. The numerical technique employs a multigrid iterative solution procedure and the standard κ − ε turbulence model for both the hydrodynamics and heat transfer. The effect of rotation is included by considering the governing equations of motion in a relative frame of reference that moves with the passage. The consequence of rotation is to bring higher velocity fluid from the core to the trailing surface, thereby increasing both the friction and heat transfer at this face. At the same time, the heat transfer is predicted to decrease along the leading surface. The effect of buoyancy is to increase the radial velocity of the fluid, thus generally increasing the heat transfer along both the leading and trailing surfaces. These effects and trends that have been predicted are in agreement with experimental heat transfer data available in the literature [1,2]. The quantitative agreement with the data was also found to be quite satisfactory.