gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A front-capture scheme for the simulation of homogeneous and particle-laden gravity currents (2001)

This paper presents a new finite volume scheme to efficiently simulate gravity currents flowing over complex surfaces. The two-dimensional shallow-water equations, with terms to account for friction and particle transport, are solved using a non-oscillatory technique. By applying a form drag at the front or head of the dense current, the scheme also implicitly captures the correct Froude number condition at the moving front as it intrudes into the less dense ambient fluid. The Froude number of the head region predicted by the numerical simulation is in good agreement with experimental results for a homogeneous current over a horizontal surface if a realistic profile drag coefficient is chosen. This new scheme avoids the development complexities of a general front-tracking scheme (e.g., handling merging fronts and multiple currents) and the computational cost of solving the full three-dimensional Euler equations while providing a fast, accurate simulation of gravity currents. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Einfluß von Cholin auf Antikörperbildung und Phagozytose bei Ratten (1975)

Zusammenfassung Der Einfluß parenteraler Cholinapplikation (10–300 mg/kg Körpergewicht und Tag) auf die Immunantwort und Phagozytoseaktivität weiblicher Ratten wurde untersucht. Daneben wurde die immunologische Wirksamkeit von Betain überprüft. Am 4. Behandlungstag wurden die Tiere subcutan bzw. intravenös mit alaunpräzipitiertem Human‐Serumalbumin immunisiert. Die Antikörpertiter im Serum wurden am 18., 25. und 30. Tag post immunisationem mit dem Antigen‐Bindungs‐Kapazitäts‐Test bestimmt. Zur Messung der Phagozytoseaktivität im Anschluß an eine 3tägige Cholinbehandlung diente der Tusche‐Clearance‐Test. Es konnte kein Einfluß von Cholin auf die Immunrespons und Phagozytoserate weiblicher Ratten nachgewiesen werden. Auch Betain zeigte keine immunologische Wirksamkeit. Histologische Leber‐ und Blutuntersuchungen ergaben ebenfalls keine Anhaltspunkte für einen Einfluß des Cholins auf das reticuloendotheliale System. Für gewissenhafte technische Assistenz danken wir Frau Antje Wetzel.
Lesion detection with the second generation, 18F-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted radiotracer DCFPyL (2015)

453 Objectives A variety of low-molecular weight (LMW) PSMA-targeted PET and SPECT radiotracers have shown promise for imaging prostate cancer. We report our initial experience with a new LMW PSMA-targeted PET radiotracer, DCFPyL, for detection of metastatic prostate cancer compared to conventional imaging modalities (CIM). Methods Nine patients with CIM evidence for new or progressive metastatic disease were imaged with a total of five sequential PET acquisitions up to 2 h post-injection of 9 mCi (243 MBq) of DCFPyL as part of a first-in-man dosimetry study. Seven of these patients had contrast-enhanced diagnostic CT (CECT) of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis and 8 had bone scan (BS); one patient had no recent comparable CIM. PET/CT, BS, and CECT images were centrally reviewed. Results The patient with no CIM was excluded from analysis. In remaining patients, DCFPyL PET detected 140 positive and 1 equivocal lesions (77 bone, 55 lymph node (LN), and 9 visceral lesions). CIM detected 30 positive and 15 equivocal lesions overall (31 bone, 7 LN, and 7 visceral lesions), with 20 positive and 11 equivocal lesions detected on CT (17 bone, 7 LN and 7 visceral lesions) and 13 positive and 5 equivocal lesions were detected with BS. For DCFPyL PET-positive lesions, 115 were negative or equivocal on CIM. Conversely, only 3 lesions positive with CIM were negative or equivocal on PET (rib and sacral sclerotic lesions on CECT and 1 spine lesion on BS). Visual review of the earlier PET acquisition timepoints suggested that imaging at 1 h post-injection was equivalent to 2 h for lesion detection. Conclusions In patients with known new or progressive metastatic prostate cancer, DCFPyL PET detected a large number of lesions that were occult or equivocal with CIM. DCFPyL PET is a promising way to improve detection of metastatic prostate cancer beyond CIM. Additional larger and systematic studies are needed to validate these initial findings.
Self-reported difficulty and preferences of wheeled mobility device users for simulated low-floor bus boarding, interior circulation and disembarking (2017)

Understanding transit usability barriers, perceptions and preferences among wheeled mobility users is an important consideration for clinicians who recommend mobility-related device interventions to those who use public transportation. Implications for Rehabilitation In order to maximize community participation opportunities for wheeled mobility users, clinicians should consider potential public transit barriers during the processes of wheelchair device selection and skills training. Usability barriers experienced by wheeled mobility device users on transit vehicles differ by mobility device type and vehicle configurations. Full-scale environment simulations are an effective means of identifying usability barriers and design needs in people with mobility impairments and may provide an alternative model for determining readiness for using fixed route buses or eligibility for paratransit.
Protein Crosslinking by Genetically Encoded Noncanonical Amino Acids with Reactive Aryl Carbamate Side Chains (2017)

Abstract The use of genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids (ncAAs) to construct crosslinks within or between proteins has emerged as a useful method to enhance protein stability, investigate protein–protein interactions, and improve the pharmacological properties of proteins. We report ncAAs with aryl carbamate side chains (PheK and FPheK) that can react with proximal nucleophilic residues to form intra‐ or intermolecular protein crosslinks. We evolved a pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase that incorporates site‐specifically PheK and FPheK into proteins in both E. coli and mammalian cells. PheK and FPheK when incorporated into proteins showed good stability during protein expression and purification. FPheK reacted with adjacent Lys, Cys, and Tyr residues in thioredoxin in high yields. In addition, crosslinks could be formed between FPheK and Lys residue of two interacting proteins, including the heavy chain and light chain of an antibody Fab.
A Novel Constant-Pressure Pumped Hydro Combined with Compressed Air Energy Storage System (2014)

As intermittent renewable energy is receiving increasing attention, the combination of intermittent renewable energy with large-scale energy storage technology is considered as an important technological approach for the wider application of wind power and solar energy. Pumped hydro combined with compressed air energy storage system (PHCA) is one of the energy storage systems that not only integrates the advantages but also overcomes the disadvantages of compressed air energy storage (CAES) systems and pumped hydro energy storage systems to solve the problem of energy storage in China’s arid regions. Aiming at the variable working conditions of PHCA system technology, this study proposes a new constant-pressure PHCA. The most significant characteristics of this system were that the water pump and hydroturbine work under stable conditions and this improves the working efficiency of the equipment without incurring an energy loss. In addition, the constant-pressure PHCA system was subjected to energy and exergy analysis, in expectation of exploring an attractive solution for the large-scale storage of existing intermittent renewable energy.
Development of the Next Generation Document Reader-Eye Scanner- (2002)

Up to now a copying machine requires setting the document to the copy glass of the designated position. In addition to that, the copying machine of the present cannot copy the non-flat shape document (e.g. books, cylindrical objects, etc.) clearly. Besides, it cannot copy without distortion. So, we propose a next generation's document reader Scanner. The Eye Scanner is composed of the range finder, digital camera and pan-tilt stage system. Due to these devices the Eye Scanner is possible shape information and high-density texture image acquisition. Therefore the Eye Scanner is able to read the document by the free viewpoint and able to generate the image which is not distorted by the geometric conversion. Moreover, the Eye Scanner has the ability for high-resolution image generation by the digital camera, which placed on the optical coaxial position by the half-mirror. In this paper, we explain about the detail of the system. At the explanation of the methodology we explain the methodology about distortion correction by the free form transformation with shape information and explain about the technique of image merging. At the experiment, we show some result of distortion correction and show the result of image merging.
Considerations relating to pulsed-beam modification of materials (1990)

Ion implantation has been shown to produce unique improvements in the properties of a wide range of materials. This technology has been extensively used for doping of semiconductors, where the required doses and implantation depths are relatively modest and readily achieved with commercial implanters. Other applications of ion implantation currently being pursued at a commercial level include the synthesis of buried second-phase layers in Si and the improvement of metal surface properties such as hardness, friction, wear rate, and corrosion. However, these applications have been severely constrained by the costs of treating large surface areas with the high ion doses required, and by the need to produce modified layers thicker than the range of the sub-MeV ions available from presently available commercial high-flux ion implanters. It therefore seems worthwhile to consider whether pulsed ion accelerators may offer advantages for such applications by providing high ion fluxes at MeV energies. The previously reported applications of pulsed accelerators to materials modification have used sub-MeV ion energies. The purpose of this article is to being these considerations the perspective of materials scientists who use ion implantation. We comment on needed extensions in implantation capabilities while leaving to others the question of whether these needs can be met with pulsed-beam technology. Further, in order to illustrate the kinds of beneficial materials modifications that can be achieved with implantation, we provide examples from recent work at Sandia National Laboratories, where large improvements have been realized in the tribological properties and strengths of Fe and A{ell} alloys. 10 refs., 6 figs.
Abstract 17264: β-Adrenergic Signaling Promotes Calcium Oscillations in Human Cardiac Progenitor Cells (2014)

Catecholamines enhance cardiac function by activating effector molecules targeting Ca2+ handling proteins in myocytes, but the impact of these neurohumoral factors on the pool of resident primitive cells is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to establish whether catecholaminergic stimulation of human cardiac progenitor cells (hCPCs) promotes intracellular Ca2+ oscillations, critical events for cell cycle progression. For this purpose, c-kit-positive hCPCs were loaded with the Ca2+ indicator Fluo-4 and monitored by two-photon microscopy. After documenting that intracellular Ca2+ elevations in hCPCs are mediated by Ca2+ translocation from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytoplasm via IP3 receptor channels, the effects of adrenergic receptor (AR) stimulation were tested. In Tyrode solution, Ca2+ spikes were observed in 12% of the cell population over a period of 33 minutes, and exposure to norepinephrine, agonist of α- and β-AR, increased the fraction of active cells to 26%. To dissect the contribution of the two families of adrenergic receptors to the observed response, phenylephrine (Phe) and isoproterenol (ISO) were employed. Phe stimulates α-AR, which is coupled to Gq protein promoting phospholipase C activity and IP3 production; in contrast, ISO activates β-AR, which is coupled to Gs/Gi proteins, modulating adenylyl cyclase and cAMP levels. Phe did not alter the occurrence of Ca2+ events, whereas ISO led to a 2.1-fold increase in the number of active hCPCs. To define the β-AR subtypes involved in this positive response, selective stimulators were used. The β1-AR agonist denopamine enhanced the incidence of Ca2+ spikes, whereas activation of β2-AR with fenoterol or β3-AR with CL 316243 did not alter Ca2+ levels. The cell-permeable cAMP analog dibutyryl-cAMP had effects on Ca2+ oscillations comparable to those mediated by β-AR stimulation. Moreover, inhibition of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) with H-89 abrogated the response of hCPCs to ISO. By immunocytochemistry, IP3 receptor phosphorylation at a PKA serine site was found to be increased following β-AR stimulation, consistent with enhanced IP3R channel activity. Thus, β-AR signaling in hCPCs promotes the kinase activity of PKA and enhances Ca2+ oscillatory events.
Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging of atherosclerotic disease. (1983)

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) images of 93 patients undergoing studies of the abdomen and pelvis were studied for evidence of lesions of the aorta and the iliac and femoral arteries; atherosclerotic lesions were present in 13 of them. The lesions consisted of eccentric and concentric mural thickening with luminal narrowing and discrete plaques protruding into the vessel lumen. This appearance was distinctly different from the morphology of the internal vessel surface and uniformly thin vessel wall in normal patients and volunteers under the age of 30 years. Intraluminal flow signals observed in atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic subjects could be distinguished from mural lesions because of their lack of contiguity with the vessel wall and variation in appearance on multiple images obtained with the first and second spin echo. This initial experience suggests a potential role for NMR in the noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic lesions. The natural contrast between flowing blood and the vessel wall indicates a distinct advantage of NMR for vascular imaging.
Chitosan Oleate Coated PLGA Nanoparticles as siRNA Drug Delivery System (2021)

Oligonucleotide therapeutics such as miRNAs and siRNAs represent a class of molecules developed to modulate gene expression by interfering with ribonucleic acids (RNAs) and protein synthesis. These molecules are characterized by strong instability and easy degradation due to nuclease enzymes. To avoid these drawbacks and ensure efficient delivery to target cells, viral and non-viral vectors are the two main approaches currently employed. Viral vectors are one of the major vehicles in gene therapy; however, the potent immunogenicity and the insertional mutagenesis is a potential issue for the patient. Non-viral vectors, such as polymeric nanocarriers, provide a safer and more efficient delivery of RNA-interfering molecules. The aim of this work is to employ PLGA core nanoparticles shell-coated with chitosan oleate as siRNA carriers. An siRNA targeted on HIV-1, directed against the viral Tat/Rev transcripts was employed as a model. The ionic interaction between the oligonucleotide's moieties, negatively charged, and the positive surface charges of the chitosan shell was exploited to associate siRNA and nanoparticles. Non-covalent bonds can protect siRNA from nuclease degradation and guarantee a good cell internalization and a fast release of the siRNA into the cytosolic portion, allowing its easy activation.
Development of mechanical models of breast and prostate with palpable nodules (2002)

This paper describes development of mechanical models of breast and prostate mimicking tissue hardness, an important tissue characterization parameter capable of differentiating normal and diseased conditions, revealing tumors and other lesions. Various materials are analyzed and the technique for fabricating mechanical models of soft biological tissue is developed. The models of breast and prostate having Young's moduli varying from 1 to 20 kPa, with and without inclusions mimicking cancer lumps are fabricated. The models are used in testing mechanical imaging devices, a new technology of medical diagnostics in which internal structures are visualized by sensing patterns of mechanical stresses on the surface of an organ.
Quantitative Imaging Network: Data Sharing and Competitive AlgorithmValidation Leveraging The Cancer Imaging Archive (2014)

The Quantitative Imaging Network (QIN), supported by the National Cancer Institute, is designed to promote research and development of quantitative imaging methods and candidate biomarkers for the measurement of tumor response in clinical trial settings. An integral aspect of the QIN mission is to facilitate collaborative activities that seek to develop best practices for the analysis of cancer imaging data. The QIN working groups and teams are developing new algorithms for image analysis and novel biomarkers for the assessment of response to therapy. To validate these algorithms and biomarkers and translate them into clinical practice, algorithms need to be compared and evaluated on large and diverse data sets. Analysis competitions, or "challenges," are being conducted within the QIN as a means to accomplish this goal. The QIN has demonstrated, through its leveraging of The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA), that data sharing of clinical images across multiple sites is feasible and that it can enable and support these challenges. In addition to Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) imaging data, many TCIA collections provide linked clinical, pathology, and "ground truth" data generated by readers that could be used for further challenges. The TCIA-QIN partnership is a successful model that provides resources for multisite sharing of clinical imaging data and the implementation of challenges to support algorithm and biomarker validation.
Scattering losses in fused silica and CaF 2 for DUV applications (2003)

Scattering losses for fused silica were measured over a wide wavelength range (193-800 nm) using different laser sources. The data indicate that scattering centers are smaller than ~ 12 nm, and scattering is consistent with Rayleigh type even at 193 nm. Scattering losses scale with wavelength as 1/&#955;<sup>4</sup>, and scattering loss at 193 nm was found to be (0.65±0.08)x10<sup>-3</sup>/ cm absorption units or (0.15±0.02)% transmission per cm. CaF<sub>2</sub> measurements were completed in the visible wavelength range. The experimental approach for DUV wavelength measurements for CaF<sub>2</sub> is described. Estimated scattering losses at 193 nm are ~0.003% transmission per cm and ~0.006% transmission per cm at 157 nm. Data for CaF<sub>2</sub> indicate deviation from Rayleigh-type scatter.
Abstract 52: The Role of Kindlin-2 in Integrin Activation Depends on a Short C-Terminal Region (2012)

Integrins are heterodimeric cell membrane receptors that regulate cell adhesion, migration, and survival. The kindlins are known to be key regulators of integrin activation, the transition from a low affinity, default state to a high affinity state for ligand. This function depends on their binding, together with talin, to the cytoplasmic tails (CT) of the β subunit of integrins. Kindlins are FERM domain containing proteins, and it is its F3 (PTB) subdomain of the FERM that is the primary binding site for integrin β CT. At its very C-terminus, beyond the F3, is a short extension of 21 amino acids, K2 660-680, and we have focused on the role of this region in the co-activator function of kindlin-2 (K2). For this analysis, we performed PAC-1 (antibody to detect activated αIIbβ3 integrin) binding assays in CHO cells stably expressing integrin α IIb β 3 that were transiently transfected with talin head domain and K2 mutants. Expression levels of all proteins were verified to be similar by western blotting and FACS. Truncation of K2 at residue 660 essentially eliminated the co-activator function of K2. Deletion of smaller segments also reduced co-activator activity by 50% to 100%. Deletion of just the last two amino acids in the sequence, W 679 V 680 , resulted in a 50% reduction in co-activator activity and a single point mutation of Y 673 A also led to a 50% loss of function. A combination mutant consisting of the W 679 V 680 deletion and the Y 673 point mutation resulted in 100% loss of kindlin-2 co-activator activity. Pull-down experiments performed using GST tagged β 3 CT and CHO lysates transfected with GFP-kindlin-2 forms suggested that the C-terminal deletion did not disrupt binding to β 3 CT. This observation was corroborated by surface plasmon resonance studies in which the binding of full-length K2 and K2Δ666C (Δ666) was compared, and their K D values for immobilized β3 CT were found to be essentially the same. Overall, these data establish an important and unanticipated role of the carboxy-terminal region of kindlin-2 in its integrin co-activator function that is not dependent of its binding to integrin.
Safe Genetic Modification of Cardiac Stem Cells Using a Site-Specific Integration Technique (2012)

The phiC31 integrase genomic modification system is a safe, efficient tool to enable site-specific integration of reporter transgenes in progenitor and differentiated cell types.
Moxetumomab pasudotox in relapsed/refractory hairy cell leukemia (2018)

This is a pivotal, multicenter, open-label study of moxetumomab pasudotox, a recombinant CD22-targeting immunotoxin, in hairy cell leukemia (HCL), a rare B cell malignancy with high CD22 expression. The study enrolled patients with relapsed/refractory HCL who had ≥2 prior systemic therapies, including ≥1 purine nucleoside analog. Patients received moxetumomab pasudotox 40 µg/kg intravenously on days 1, 3, and 5 every 28 days for ≤6 cycles. Blinded independent central review determined disease response and minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Among 80 patients (79% males; median age, 60.0 years), durable complete response (CR) rate was 30%, CR rate was 41%, and objective response rate (CR and partial response) was 75%; 64 patients (80%) achieved hematologic remission. Among complete responders, 27 (85%) achieved MRD negativity by immunohistochemistry. The most frequent adverse events (AEs) were peripheral edema (39%), nausea (35%), fatigue (34%), and headache (33%). Treatment-related serious AEs of hemolytic uremic syndrome (7.5%) and capillary leak syndrome (5%) were reversible and generally manageable with supportive care and treatment discontinuation (6 patients; 7.5%). Moxetumomab pasudotox treatment achieved a high rate of independently assessed durable response and MRD eradication in heavily pretreated patients with HCL, with acceptable tolerability.
Fluctuation-induced transport and poloidal rotation in the interchangeable module stellarator (1993)

Probe measurements over the two-dimensional plasma cross section of the average and fluctuating density, electron temperature, and potential, as well as the Reynolds stress, have been made in the Interchangeable Module Stellarator (IMS) [D. T. Anderson, J. A. Derr, and J. L. Shohet, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PS-9, 212 (1981)]. These measurements were performed at two magnetic field strengths, and also when a positively biased electrode induces a poloidal plasma flow. The data shows the fluctuation-induced transport to be poloidally asymmetric and dependent upon the location of the electron cyclotron resonance position, and upon the electrode biasing. The induced poloidal plasma flow changes the nominally outward fluctuation-induced particle transport to be inward (negative radial transport) by changing the phase relationship of the density and potential oscillations. The amplitude of the density and potential fluctuations are, in general, not reduced by the sheared poloidal flow. Calculations are presented comparing the computed Reynolds stress induced poloidal plasma flows with the flow calculated from momentum balance.