gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehensive performance exploration of a novel pumped-hydro based compressed air energy storage system with high energy storage density (2022)

A compressed air energy storage system is the key issue to facilitating the transformation of intermittent and fluctuant renewable energy sources into stable and high-quality power. The improvement of compression/expansion efficiency during operation processes is the first challenge faced by the compressed air energy storage system. Therefore, a novel pumped-hydro based compressed air energy storage system characterized by the advantages of high energy storage density and utilization efficiency is proposed in this study. To perform a comprehensive investigation on the system, the locations and magnitudes of irreversible sources within the system are estimated through the conventional exergy method, and the interactions among components and realistic potential for system performance improvement are identified by the advanced exergy method. The results indicate that the interactions among components are complex but not very significant since the endogenous exergy destruction is larger than the exogenous exergy destruction for all components within the system. Furthermore, the conventional exergy analysis reveals that the expander, compressor1, and pump are the most important components, accounting for 25.99%, 22.55%, and 15.34% of the total exergy destruction, respectively. Nevertheless, advanced exergy analysis recommends that the hydraulic turbine, pump, and expander have the optimization priorities since they share 28.61%, 27.72%, and 10.07% of the total endogenous avoidable exergy destruction. Finally, the overall system exergetic efficiency achieves a higher value of 18.49% under unavoidable conditions than that under real conditions.
Localization of the viral and cellular Src kinases to perinuclear vesicles in fibroblasts. (1992)

Previous studies have shown that the viral oncogene product, v-Src, is localized to a perinuclear structure. Here, we demonstrate by immunofluorescence analysis that the perinuclear structure corresponds to a local concentration of vesicles. Overexpressed normal cellular Src, c-Src, and a temperature-sensitive mutant of v-Src also are associated with these perinuclear vesicles. This perinuclear localization is observed in a variety of cell types using several different antibodies to Src, and it is independent of the fixation method. Immunoelectron ultracryomicroscopic analysis of rat fibroblast cells transformed by v-Src demonstrates an association of this protein with the limiting membranes of vesicles concentrated in the perinuclear region. These vesicles appear at the electron microscopic level to be multivesicular bodies on the basis of their size (0.3-1.0 microns in diameter), large electron-transparent lumens, and electron-dense vesicular inclusions. Morphometric analysis indicates that approximately 20% of the total cell v-Src protein is associated with these structures. This subpopulation of v-Src may have been recovered from the plasma membrane via the endocytotic pathway in a manner analogous to endocytosis of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Localization of the Src tyrosine kinases to these perinuclear endocytotic vesicles may be necessary for oncogenic transformation by v-Src and for normal functions of c-Src.
Lipocalin-Type Prostaglandin D Synthase in Essential Hypertension (2002)

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) reportedly well predicts cardiovascular injuries in humans. However, little is known about the implications of L-PGDS in hypertension. In the present study, we investigated the alterations of serum and urinary L-PGDS in hypertensive patients with or without renal dysfunction. A total of 111 patients with hypertension (EHT; 65 with normoalbuminuria, 23 with microalbuminuria, 12 with macroalbuminuria, 11 with renal failure) and 102 normotensive, nomoalbuminuric subjects (NT) were studied. L-PGDS was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and L-PGDS in the kidney was localized using immunohistochemical methods. Blood pressure was higher in EHT groups than in the NT group (P<0.0001). There were no differences in age, gender, BMI, TC, TG, and HbA1c levels among the groups. Serum creatinine and urinary albumin levels were higher in the group with renal failure. Serum levels of L-PGDS were increased in EHT with normoalbuminuria, as compared with NT (0.88 +/- 0.05 versus 0.65 +/- 0.02 microg/mL; P<0.001). Serum levels of L-PGDS increased with the renal function worsened and positively correlated with serum creatinine, particularly in patients with renal impairments (r=0.76, P<0.0001). Similarly, the urinary L-PGDS excretions in EHT with normoalbuminuria were higher than that in NT (2.31 +/- 0.29 versus 1.16 +/- 0.14 mg/gCr, P<0.001), whereas there were no differences in urinary albumin excretion between the 2 groups. Moreover, urinary L-PGDS excretion increased dramatically with an increase in albuminuria or proteinuria. L-PGDS was stained in the tubules and the interstitium of the kidney in nephrosclerosis. In conclusion, patients with hypertension exhibited a higher level of L-PGDS in serum and urine, and this became increasingly obvious along with advance in renal dysfunction. These data suggest that L-PGDS metabolism is related to blood pressure and kidney injuries associated with hypertension.
Chemical (in)stability of an interface between metals and Bi[sub]2Se[sub]3 topological insulator (2019)

Our research is dedicated to a study of an interface between a Bi2Se3 topological insulator (TI) and various metals due to the essential need for providing a metal contact for devices. The main objective is to characterize structural and chemical properties at the interface, where the electronic properties of the TI can be affected. The structure of the interface and processes happening at it are investigated by microscopy (SEM, TEM, STM) and spectroscopy techniques (EDX, XPS). The research started with the noble metals: Ag, Au and Pt. A good stability was observed for Au and Pt, whereas Ag reacted with Bi2Se3 already at room temperature, producing Ag2Se and AgBiSe2 phase. Interface stability was also checked at high temperature and results showed that the Au coating undergoes a coalescence process starting from 100 °C whereas the interface with Pt does not show any change at least up to 350 °C. At present we are focused on the interface with Ti, a metal which is regularly used as an adhesive layer in electrical contacts. At low coverage (<30 nm) Ti forms an extremely flat film, smoother than Au, Ag or Pt. At higher coverage the film undergoes buckle delamination, likely induced by stress release. The observed morphology indicates that a chemical interaction leads to the growth of the initial smooth Ti epitaxial film. Se interdiffusion and formation of interfacial TixSey phase is envisaged, as suggested from preliminary TEM observations of the interface structure. The presented results show the importance of the processes happening at the interface, especially solid-state chemical reactions, which are often neglected in the study of systems with metal/TI interfaces. Such instability has to be taken into account since the produced phases can affect transport properties of the material, increase a contact resistance or affect functionality of devices.
Characterization of four-color multi-package white light-emitting diodes combined with various green monochromatic phosphor-converted light-emitting diodes (2012)

In this study, several combinations of multi-package white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), which combine an InGaN blue LED with green, amber, and red phosphor-converted LEDs (pc-LEDs), were characterized by changing the peak wavelength of green pc-LEDs between 515nm and 560nm (515, 521, 530, 540, 550, 560nm) in color temperature of 6,500K and 3,500K. Various green monochromatic pc-LEDs were fabricated by capping a long-wave pass-filter (LWPF) on top of pc-LEDs to improve luminous efficacy and color purity. LWPF-capped green monochromatic pc-LED can address the drawback of green semiconductor-type III-V LED, such as low luminous efficacy in the region of green gap wavelength. Luminous efficacy and color rendering index (CRI) of multi-package white LEDs are compared with changing the driving current of individual LED in various multi-package white LEDs. This study provides a best combination of four-color multi-package white LEDs which has high luminous efficacy and good CRI.
CO chemisorption on free gas phase metal clusters (1988)

Pulsed fast flow reactor techniques have been used to study the reactivity of CO toward clusters of many different transition metals; V, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb, Mo, Ru, Pd, W, Ir, and Pt as well as Al, for clusters containing up to 14 atoms. Clusters are produced by pulsed laser vaporization of metal substrates, injected into the reactor, formed into a molecular beam, and detected by photoionization time of flight mass spectrometry. Our results show that CO is readily chemisorbed on most transition metal clusters containing five or more metal atoms, and that the reactivity for larger clusters varies by a factor of 2 or 3, depending on both cluster size and metal type. Depending on the metal, certain atoms, dimers, trimers, and tetramers exhibit little evidence of reactivity toward CO. This observation is explained in terms of a competition between unimolecular decomposition and collisional stabilization, and leads to a prediction of the ordering of the metal–CO bond strengths.
ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND CARRIER LIFETIME MEASUREMENTS IN HIGH VOLTAGE 4H-SIC PIN DIODES (2007)

The key material and device parameters governing the electrical performance of high voltage 4 H - SiC PiN diodes have been investigated using experimental results and numerical simulations. Reverse recovery characteristics show an increase in both carrier lifetime and anode injection efficiency at elevated temperature. Open circuit voltage decay measurements are used to estimate carrier lifetimes (τ≈0.6μ s at T =25° C increasing to τ≈2μ s at T =225° C ) that are comparable to values measured on starting material prior to fabrication using micro-wave photoconductivity decay techniques.
Second-harmonic light generation in pyroelectric liquid-crystal polymers (1998)

Pyroelectric liquid-crystal polymers were prepared by photopolymerization of binary mixtures of two monomers that exhibit a smectic C* phase: A2c, 4″-{(R)-(-)-2-[(10-acryloyloxy)decyl]oxy}-3-nitrophenyl 4-{4′-[(11-acryloyloxy)undecyloxy]phenyl}benzoate and A1b, 4″-((R)-(+)-2-octyloxy)-3″-nitro phenyl 4-(4′-[(11-acryloyloxy)undecyloxy]phenyl) benzoate. Both liquid-crystal monomers have a NO2 substituent to enhance the nonlinear optical properties, and one of the monomers, A2c, permits polymerization to a cross-linked polymer. During the polymerization an electric field of approximately 25–50 V/μm was applied over the ferroelectric liquid-crystal cells. All cases of polymers formed from the chiral smectic C* phase showed a second-harmonic-generated signal with no external field present, indicating that polar order became fixed. The orientation dependence of the second-harmonic-generated intensity was similar to that of the ferroelectric liquid-crystal monomer; however, some changes were observed that might be due to changes in the dielectric axes of the system. The highest d16 and d23 coefficients were found to be in the range 0.65–0.8 pm/V and differed depending on the detailed preparation of the sample. Experimental results of several polarization combinations of the pump and frequency-doubled light are presented and discussed.
Xantphos as a Branch-Selective Ligand for the Acyclic sec-Alkyl Negishi Cross-Coupling of Heteroaryl Halides (2018)

We present the application of the common bidentate phosphine ligand Xantphos toward the highly selective Negishi cross-coupling of heteroaryl halides and acyclic sec-alkyl organozinc reagents to prepare pharmaceutically relevant motifs. Branched-to-linear ratios of >100:1 can be achieved for several substrates relevant to the pharmaceutical industry, and tolerance of certain acidic protons is exhibited. A high-throughput experimentation approach was taken to rapidly compare Xantphos Pd G3 to other selective Negishi coupling catalysts, leading to separate reactivity profiles for each methodology. The utility of Xantphos Pd G3 was demonstrated through the scale-up and isolation of a complex pyridine building block.
A Case of Hyponatremia Associated With Escitalopram (2004)

Article AbstractBecause this piece does not have an abstract, we have provided for your benefit the first 3 sentences of the full text.Sir: We read the article by Ananth et al.1 on neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) and atypical antipsychotic drugs with great interest. We thank them for their review of 68 cases drawn from the medical literature. They identified some of the major risk factors for NMS associated with atypical antipsychotics, including the male gender, diagnosis of schizophrenia and other psychoses, mental retardation, and concurrent physical illness.
PDTB-28. TARGETING MEDULLOBLASTOMA WITH BENZODIAZAPINES DELIVERED USING TUNABLE BIODEGRADABLE HYDROGELS (2016)

Medulloblastoma (MB) is a common pediatric malignant primary brain tumor originating in the posterior fossa. MB is generally classified into one of four molecular subgroups: Wnt, Shh, Group 3, and Group 4. Subgroup 3 is the most clinically aggressive of the four and exhibits a molecular signature that includes over expression of the GABRA5 receptor. Previously, we reported on use of a novel microdevice to screen a broad range of benzodiazepine compounds that functioned as GABRA5 agonists (Jonas et al., 2016). This study identified a new benzodiazepine compound (KRM-II-08) that was particularly efficacious and thus an attractive candidate as a therapeutic against Group 3 medulloblastoma. The Cook laboratory have now synthesized a new series of benzodiazepine derived allosteric modulators. These compounds will initially be tested in tissue culture, those that are efficacious will be tested in the nude mouse tumor xenograft model. While the microdevice used previously provided a superb platform to screen a number of compounds in the same tumor, it is not a satisfactory system to bring forward into the clinic for brain tumor treatment. We are therefore exploring use of biodegradable hydrogels where the compounds are chemically “clicked” onto a modified chondroitan sulfate or hyaluronic acid (HA). Importantly, the hydrogels being employed have mechanical properties and covalent modifications to allow for the tunable release of the benzodiazepines in targeting medulloblastoma tumors. We will report on the progress in characterizing the new benzodiazepine compounds under study and the design of and observations regarding use of hydrogel formulations employed. Reference: Jonas O., Calligaris D., Muthuku K.R. et al. (2016) J. Biomed. Nanotech. 12: 1-6.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of NKG2D recognition and perforin effector function mediate effective cytokine immunotherapy of cancer. (2004)

Single and combination cytokines offer promise in some patients with advanced cancer. Many spontaneous and experimental cancers naturally express ligands for the lectin-like type-2 transmembrane stimulatory NKG2D immunoreceptor; however, the role this tumor recognition pathway plays in immunotherapy has not been explored to date. Here, we show that natural expression of NKG2D ligands on tumors provides an effective target for some cytokine-stimulated NK cells to recognize and suppress tumor metastases. In particular, interleukin (IL)-2 or IL-12 suppressed tumor metastases largely via NKG2D ligand recognition and perforin-mediated cytotoxicity. By contrast, IL-18 required tumor sensitivity to Fas ligand (FasL) and surprisingly did not depend on the NKG2D-NKG2D ligand pathway. A combination of IL-2 and IL-18 stimulated both perforin and FasL effector mechanisms with very potent effects. Cytokines that stimulated perforin-mediated cytotoxicity appeared relatively more effective against tumor metastases expressing NKG2D ligands. These findings indicate that a rational choice of cytokines can be made given the known sensitivity of tumor cells to perforin, FasL, and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand and the NKG2D ligand status of tumor metastases. PMID: 15545356 Funding information This work was supported by: PHS HHS, United States Grant ID: N01-C0-12400
Guidelines for the performance of fusion procedures for degenerative disease of the lumbar spine. Part 2: assessment of functional outcome (2005)

Functional disability secondary to acute low-back pain, chronic low-back pain, lumbar stenosis, and lumbar disc disease may be reliably and validly assessed using functional outcome surveys that are valid, reliable, and responsive. Outcome instruments supported by Class I and Class II medical evidence for the evaluation of low-back pain include the Spinal Stenosis Survey of Stucki, Waddell-Main, RMDQ, DPQ, QPDS, SIP, Million Scale, LBPR Scale, ODI, and CBSQ. Many of these outcome measures have been applied to patients who have been treated with lumbar fusion for degenerative lumbar disease and have proven to be valid and responsive; however, the reliability of these instruments has never been specifically assessed in the lumbar fusion patient population. Patient satisfaction surveys have been used to measure outcome following lumbar fusion. Their usefulness resides in their insight into patient attitudes toward the treatment experience but is limited because of their inability to measure responsiveness and the lack of information on their reliability.
Brain Disposition of Antibody-Based Therapeutics: Dogma, Approaches and Perspectives (2021)

Due to their high specificity, monoclonal antibodies have been widely investigated for their application in drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS) for the treatment of neurological diseases such as stroke, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's disease. Research in the past few decades has revealed that one of the biggest challenges in the development of antibodies for drug delivery to the CNS is the presence of blood-brain barrier (BBB), which acts to restrict drug delivery and contributes to the limited uptake (0.1-0.2% of injected dose) of circulating antibodies into the brain. This article reviews the various methods currently used for antibody delivery to the CNS at the preclinical stage of development and the underlying mechanisms of BBB penetration. It also describes efforts to improve or modulate the physicochemical and biochemical properties of antibodies (e.g., charge, Fc receptor binding affinity, and target affinity), to adapt their pharmacokinetics (PK), and to influence their distribution and disposition into the brain. Finally, a distinction is made between approaches that seek to modify BBB permeability and those that use a physiological approach or antibody engineering to increase uptake in the CNS. Although there are currently inherent difficulties in developing safe and efficacious antibodies that will cross the BBB, the future prospects of brain-targeted delivery of antibody-based agents are believed to be excellent.
Invariant acoustic cues in stop consonants: A cross-language study using the Wignet distribution (1987)

Acoustic invariance was investigated in 200 unaspirated stops from English, Telugu, and French, using the Wigner distribution. The bilabials were characterized either by absence of any noticeable burst, or by an energy concentration in the low-frequency region during the burst, when present. The burst of alveolars was mostly diffuse in nature, but sometimes became compact, especially when it was followed by a back vowel. The burst of velars had a compact spectrum centered near F2 of the vowel, when followed by back vowels, but was most often diffuse when followed by a front vowel. The burst of all dental from Telugu was found to be diffuse. When the burst of alveolars was compact, or that of velars diffuse, the duration from the start of the burst to the start of the vowel and F2 of the vowel were found to be reliable cues for place of articulation. The diffuse nature of bilabials and alveolars, reported by Lahiri et al. [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 76, 391–404 (1984)] and by the authors referenced therein, can be partly attributed to the temporal averaging of the burst spectrum and the diffuse vowel spectrum, which is inevitable in Fourier-type analyses [Garudadri et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. Suppl. 1 79, S94 (1986)]. Unlike in other investigations, no apparent pattern could be found for the tokens wrongly classified. [Work supported, in part, by NSERC, Canada.]
A Comparison of Two Fan Stage Designs With Different Rotor Leading Edge Sweep (2014)

Two modern single-stage fans have been designed to meet the same set of performance objectives. The most significant difference between the two designs is the fan rotor leading edge sweep. The baseline rotor has a moderately aft swept leading edge while the redesigned rotor has a more complex sweep distribution, including moderate forward sweep in the tip region. Each stage consists of the fan rotor, full span stator, and split mid-frame, and is designed for a medium bypass ratio turbofan application. The stator and the mid-frame are identical for the two configurations. The primary purpose of this study is to validate the CFD methodology, in this case a steady ANSYS-CFX approach, to predict the fan stage performance at the operating point at two tested speeds and also to predict the stalling throttle condition. Numerical predictions and engine test results are presented and show good agreement. These predicted results are compared with high quality test data including thorough measurements of total pressure and total temperature at both the rotor and stator exits allowing for a detailed understanding and comparison of the individual blade row performance. The analytical model identifies the key performance trends, including an increase in flow capacity and stability margin with equivalent stage pressure ratio and efficiency for the redesigned fan relative to the baseline.
Protection and Identification of Thermoacoustic Azimuthal Modes (2020)

Abstract This paper first characterizes the acoustic field of two annular combustors by means of data from acoustic pressure sensors. In particular the amplitude, orientation, and nature of the acoustic field of azimuthal order n is characterized. The dependence of the pulsation amplitude on the azimuthal location in the chamber is discussed, and a protection scheme making use of just one sensor is proposed. The governing equations are then introduced, and a low-order model of the instabilities is discussed. The model accounts for the nonlinear response of M distinct flames, for system acoustic losses by means of an acoustic damping coefficient α and for the turbulent combustion noise, modelled by means of the background noise coefficient σ. Keeping the response of the flames arbitrary and in principle different from flame to flame, we show that, together with α and σ, only the sum of their responses and their 2n Fourier component in the azimuthal direction affect the dynamics of the azimuthal instability. The existing result that only this 2n Fourier component affects the stability of standing limit-cycle solutions is recovered. It is found that this result applies also to the case of a non-homogeneous flame response in the annulus, and to flame responses that respond to the azimuthal acoustic velocity. Finally, a parametric flame model is proposed, depending on a linear driving gain β and a nonlinear saturation constant κ. The model is first mapped from continuous time to discrete time, and then recast as a probabilistic Markovian model. The identification of the parameters {α, β, κ, σ} is then carried out on engine timeseries data. The optimal four parameters {α, σ, β, κ} are estimated as the values that maximize the data likelihood. Once the parameters have been estimated, the phase space of the identified low-order problem is discussed on selected invariant manifolds of the dynamical system.