gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deletion of the Gene for the Type I Interferon Inhibitor I329L from the Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus OURT88/3 Strain Reduces Protection Induced in Pigs (2020)

Live attenuated vaccines are considered to be the fastest route to the development of a safe and efficacious African swine fever (ASF) vaccine. Infection with the naturally attenuated OURT88/3 strain induces protection against challenge with virulent isolates from the same or closely related genotypes. However, adverse clinical signs following immunisation have been observed. Here, we attempted to increase the OURT88/3 safety profile by deleting I329L, a gene previously shown to inhibit the host innate immune response. The resulting virus, OURT88/3ΔI329L, was tested in vitro to evaluate the replication and expression of type I interferon (IFN) and in vivo by immunisation and lethal challenge experiments in pigs. No differences were observed regarding replication; however, increased amounts of both IFN-β and IFN-<i>α</i> were observed in macrophages infected with the deletion mutant virus. Unexpectedly, the deletion of I329L markedly reduced protection against challenge with the virulent OURT88/1 isolate. This was associated with a decrease in both antibody levels against VP72 and the number of IFN-γ-producing cells in the blood of non-protected animals. Furthermore, a significant increase in IL-10 levels in serum was observed in pigs immunised with OURT88/3ΔI329L following challenge. Interestingly, the deletion of the I329L gene failed to attenuate the virulent Georgia/2007 isolate.
INEXPENSIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE PRODUCTION AND MAINTENANCE OF GNOTOBIOTIC PIGLETS, CALVES AND LAMBS (1980)

An inexpensive system was developed for the routine derivation and maintenance of gnotobiotic piglets, calves and lambs. Isolator chambers to house these animals were welded in the laboratory from flexible, clear polyvinylchloride film. The isolators consisted of either a simple, closed cylindrical chamber, or for the larger animals, a fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) tub surmounted by a flexible film canopy. The isolators were adaptable for a variety of purposes and most components were interchangeable between isolators. The assembled isolators were sterilised with peracetic acid. Over 300 gnotobiotic piglets, 29 gnotobiotic calves and 18 gnotobiotic or specific pathogen free lambs have been reared successfully by these techniques. Six colostrum deprived foals and a litter of conventional puppies have been successfully maintained in microbial isolation in these isolators. The FRP tub base isolators also proved suitable for housing gnotobiotic weaner piglets. No viral or bacterial cross contamination was detected between isolators housing experimentally infected animals.
Notes on the taxonomy of species of Sciomyzini with a predominantly setulose anepisternum (Diptera, Sciomyzidae) (2022)

The present paper was conceived originally as a straightforward, simple description of a new African taxon. It grew substantially as more research was conducted. It now consists of four parts. In Part I, we discuss the taxonomy of five species of Sciomyzini with a predominantly setulose anepisternum: Atrichomelina pubera, Ditaeniella grisescens, D. trivittata, Pherbellia pilosa, and Ph. shatalkini. In Parts II and III, we consider the three taxa initially included in the genus Ditaeniella sensu Rozkošný (1987) (D. grisescens, D. parallela, and D. patagonensis) and the taxon described herein, D. milleri sp. nov., analysing this group by use of both the classical morphological approach (Part II) as well as by analysis of molecular data from available DNA barcodes (Part III). In Part IV, we provide a key to the taxa of Sciomyzini worldwide that have a predominantly setulose anepisternum. We also provide a list of specimens examined, the data from which significantly supplement the information previously available regarding the distribution of several Palaearctic species.
Compact, Multi-Band, Slot Antenna (2019)

This paper presents a novel multi-band slot antenna. The antenna's different dimensions can be easily calculated for obtaining the desired resonance frequencies. The antenna presents a very good efficiency in the different resonant bands. Also, each resonance could be reconfigured independently from others. Simulations in frequency domain using HFSS and in time domain with CST provide almost the same results confirming the design approach and performances.
Enantiomerically pure (1S,5R) and racemic 3-(1-benzothiophen-2-yl)-8-azoniabicyclo[3.2.1]oct-2-ene acetate (2012)

The title compound, C(15)H(16)NS(+)·C(2)H(3)O(2)(-), has been crystallized as both a pure enantiomer (1S,5R) and a racemate. The racemate crystallizes in the space group Cc, with molecules of opposite handedness related to each other by the action of the c-glide. The enantiomer is essentially isostructural with the racemate, except that the glide symmetry is violated by interchange of CH and CH(2) groups within the seven-membered ring. The space-group symmetry is reduced to P1 with two molecules in the asymmetric unit. The enantiomer structure shows disorder of the thiophene ring for one of the molecules in the asymmetric unit. The major component of the disorder has the thiophene ring in the same position as in the racemate, but generates a higher-energy molecular conformation. The minor disorder component has different intermolecular interactions but retains a more stable molecular conformation.
Abstract 20047: Nasa Model of "Threat and Error" in Paediatric Cardiac Surgery: Death Typically Results From Cycles of Error That Originate in the Operating Room and Are Amplified by Additional Error in Intensive Care (2014)

Introduction: We introduced the NASA “threat and error model” to our surgical unit; all admissions are considered “flights”, which should pass through stepwise de-escalations in risk. Hypothesis: Errors significantly influence risk de-escalation and contribute to poor outcomes. Methods: Patient flights (524) were tracked real-time for threats, errors and unintended states (figure). Expected risk de-escalation was: wean from mechanical support, sternal closure, extubation, ICU discharge and discharge home. Data were accrued via performance personnel, bedside data, reporting mechanisms and staff interviews. Infographics of flights were openly discussed weekly. Results: In 12% (64/524) of flights, the child failed to de-escalate sequentially through expected risk levels; unintended increments instead occurred. Failed de-escalations were highly associated with errors (426; 257 flights), however seemingly benign (P&lt;.0001). Errors with clinical consequence (263; 173 flights) had 29% rate of failed de-escalations vs 4% (P&lt;.0001). The most dangerous errors were “apical” errors typically (84%) occurring in the OR which led to cycles of propagating unintended states (n=110): these had 43% (47/110) rate of failed de-escalation (vs 4%, P&lt;.0001). Apical errors were triggered by identifiable threats in 25% (28/110) (usually - 75% - morphology/ comorbidities); 75% were instead “unforced” errors. Cycles of unintended state were often (46%) amplified by additional (up to 7) errors in ICU that would worsen clinical deviation. Overall, failed de-escalations in risk were extremely closely linked to brain injury (N=13; P&lt;.0001), or death (N=7; P&lt;.0001). Conclusions: Deaths and brain injury almost always occur from propagating error cycles that originate in the OR and are often amplified by additional ICU errors. Improvements in threat management, error detection/rescue and vigilance at times of failed de-escalation will translate into improved outcomes.
Technological Visibilities (2009)

This chapter makes a case for I want to call technosexual visibility and its ramifications for public health governance. As I have discussed, depictions of internet-based sexuality often draw on the idea that the internet is dangerous because netizens can hide their identities. But at the same time, it is not easy to ignore how the internet makes sexuality visible in new ways. As interactive screen media, the internet is arguably a visual technology. Some have suggested that the internet is truly panoptic because it allows the collection of information regarding the behaviour of individual users (Jordan, 1999). Such perspectives are often ignored in media portrayals of the dangers of the internet. But as I will detail below, when commentators draw attention to the dangers of the internet, they necessarily rely on the visibility that the internet makes possible. The popular media also extends this visibility, by relaying these depictions into the public sphere. It will be my argument that, like media on the subject, public health governance is coming to rely on technosexuality because it provides a method for revealing individuals in relation to their sexual practices. I also want to suggest that, through this kind of engagement with technosexuality, public health governance is connected with political questions concerning acceptable sexual practice.
Validation of physics improvements for IMRT with a commercial treatment‐planning system (2005)

A new Pinnacle 3D treatment-planning system software release has recently become available (v7.4, Philips Radiation Oncology Systems, Milpitas, CA), which supports modeling of rounded multileaf collimator (MLC) leaf ends; it also includes a number of other software enhancements intended to improve the overall dose calculation accuracy. In this report, we provide a general discussion of the dose calculation algorithm and new beam-modeling parameters. The accuracy of a diode dosimeter was established for measurement of MLC-shaped beam profiles required by the new software version by comparison with film and ion chamber measurements in various regions of the field. The results suggest that a suitable diode or other small volume dosimeter with appropriate energy sensitivity should be used to obtain profiles for commissioning the planning system. Film should be used with caution, especially for larger field profile measurements. The dose calculation algorithm and modeling parameters chosen were validated through various test field measurements including a bar pattern, a strip pattern, and a clinical head and neck IMRT field. For the bar and strip patterns, the agreement between Pinnacle calculations and diode measurements was generally very good. These tests were helpful in establishing the new model parameter values, especially tongue-and-groove width, additional interleaf leakage, rounded leaf tip radius, and MLC transmission. For the clinical head and neck field, the comparison between Pinnacle and film measurements showed regions of approximately 2 cGy under- or overdose. However, the Pinnacle calculations agreed with diode measurements at all points to within 1 cGy or 1% of the maximum dose for the field (67 cGy). The greatest discrepancy between film and diode measurements for the clinical field (maximum of 2.8%) occurred in low-dose regions in the central part of the field. The disagreement may be due to the overresponse of film to scattered radiation in the low-dose regions, which have significant shielding by the MLCs.
Compartmental modelling of the uptake kinetics of the anti‐cancer agent topotecan in human breast cancer cells (2005)

Abstract A compartmental model for the in vitro uptake kinetics of the anti‐cancer agent topotecan is proposed. This model provides a description of the activity of the drug, and subsequent delivery of active form to the nuclear DNA target. The unknown model parameters are estimated from two‐photon laser‐scanning microscopy data, which provide concentrations of topotecan (active plus inactive forms) in the extracellular region containing live human breast tumour cells (MCF‐7 cell line), the cytoplasm and the nucleus. This determines an output structure for which the model is uniquely identifiable, that is, the unknown parameters are uniquely determined from noise‐free, continuous and perfect data. The model allows in silico predictions of the dose dependence of target binding. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Neural RF SLAM for unsupervised positioning and mapping with channel\n state information (2022)

We present a neural network architecture for jointly learning user locations\nand environment mapping up to isometry, in an unsupervised way, from channel\nstate information (CSI) values with no location information. The model is based\non an encoder-decoder architecture. The encoder network maps CSI values to the\nuser location. The decoder network models the physics of propagation by\nparametrizing the environment using virtual anchors. It aims at reconstructing,\nfrom the encoder output and virtual anchor location, the set of time of flights\n(ToFs) that are extracted from CSI using super-resolution methods. The neural\nnetwork task is set prediction and is accordingly trained end-to-end. The\nproposed model learns an interpretable latent, i.e., user location, by just\nenforcing a physics-based decoder. It is shown that the proposed model achieves\nsub-meter accuracy on synthetic ray tracing based datasets with single anchor\nSISO setup while recovering the environment map up to 4cm median error in a 2D\nenvironment and 15cm in a 3D environment\n
The syndecan-1 heparan sulfate proteoglycan is a viable target for myeloma therapy (2007)

The heparan sulfate proteoglycan syndecan-1 is expressed by myeloma cells and shed into the myeloma microenvironment. High levels of shed syndecan-1 in myeloma patient sera correlate with poor prognosis and studies in animal models indicate that shed syndecan-1 is a potent stimulator of myeloma tumor growth and metastasis. Overexpression of extracellular endosulfatases, enzymes which remove 6-O sulfate groups from heparan sulfate chains, diminishes myeloma tumor growth in vivo. Together, these findings identify syndecan-1 as a potential target for myeloma therapy. Here, 3 different strategies were tested in animal models of myeloma with the following results: (1) treatment with bacterial heparinase III, an enzyme that degrades heparan sulfate chains, dramatically inhibited the growth of primary tumors in the human severe combined immunodeficient (SCID-hu) model of myeloma; (2) treatment with an inhibitor of human heparanase, an enzyme that synergizes with syndecan-1 in promoting myeloma progression, blocked the growth of myeloma in vivo; and (3) knockdown of syndecan-1 expression by RNAi diminished and delayed myeloma tumor development in vivo. These results confirm the importance of syndecan-1 in myeloma pathobiology and provide strong evidence that disruption of the normal function or amount of syndecan-1 or its heparan sulfate chains is a valid therapeutic approach for this cancer.
Revisiting network scanning detection using sequential hypothesis testing (2012)

ABSTRACT Network scanning is a common, effective technique to search for vulnerable Internet hosts and to explore the topology and trust relationships between hosts in a target network. Given that the purpose of scanning is to search for responsive hosts and network services, behavior‐based scanning detection techniques based on the state of inbound connection attempts remain effective against evasion. Many of today's network environments, however, feature a dynamic and transient nature with several network hosts and services added or stopped (either permanently or temporarily) over time. In this paper, working with recent network traces from two different environments, we re‐examine the Threshold Random Walk (TRW) scan detection algorithm, and we show that the number of false positives is proportional to the transiency of the offered services. To address the limitations found, we present a modified algorithm (Stateful Threshold Random Walk (STRW) algorithm) that utilizes active mapping of network services to take into account benign causes of failed connection attempts. The STRW algorithm eliminates a significant portion of TRW false positives (e.g., 29% and 77% in two datasets studied). Copyright © 2012 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Adaptive Global Metamodeling with Neural Networks (2007)

Gene silencing using short interfering RNA (siRNA) is fast becoming an attractive approach to probe gene function in mammalian cells. Although there have been some success in the delivery of siRNA using various methods, tracking their delivery and monitoring their transfection efficiency prove to be hard without a suitable tracking agent. Therefore, a challenge lies with the design of an efficient and at the same time, self-tracking, transfection agent for RNA interference. In this paper, chitosan nanoparticles (NPs) with encapsulated quantum dots (QDs) were synthesized and used to deliver HER2/neu siRNA. Using such a construct, the delivery and transfection of the siRNA can be monitored by the presence of fluorescent QDs in the chitosan NPs. Targeted delivery of HER2 siRNA to HER2-overexpressing SKBR3 breast cancer cells was shown to be specific with chitosan/QD NP surface labeled with HER2 antibody targeting the HER2 receptors on SKBR3 cells. Gene-silencing effects of the conjugated siRNA was also established using the luciferase and HER2 ELISA assays. These self-tracking siRNA delivery NPs will also aid in the monitoring of future gene silencing studies in vivo.
Measurement of $$K_S^0$$ and $$\Lambda ^0$$ production in $$t \bar{t}$$ dileptonic events in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s} =$$ 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2019)

Abstract Measurements of $$K_S^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> and $$\Lambda ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> production in $$t\bar{t}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> final states have been performed. They are based on a data sample with integrated luminosity of 4.6 $$\mathrm {fb}^{-1}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>fb</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>-</mml:mo><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:math> from proton–proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, collected in 2011 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Neutral strange particles are separated into three classes, depending on whether they are contained in a jet, with or without a b -tag, or not associated with a selected jet. The aim is to look for differences in their main kinematic distributions. A comparison of data with several Monte Carlo simulations using different hadronisation and fragmentation schemes, colour reconnection models and different tunes for the underlying event has been made. The production of neutral strange particles in $$t\bar{t}$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi><mml:mover><mml:mrow><mml:mi>t</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>¯</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mover></mml:mrow></mml:math> dileptonic events is found to be well described by current Monte Carlo models for $$K_S^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msubsup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mi>S</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msubsup></mml:math> and $$\Lambda ^0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msup><mml:mi>Λ</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> production within jets, but not for those produced outside jets.
Gel electrolytes and electrodes (2023)

Gel electrolytes, especially gel electrolytes for electrochemical cells, are generally described. In some embodiments, the gel electrolyte layers comprise components a) to c). Component a) may be at least one layer of at least one polymer comprising polymerized units of: a1) at least one monomer containing an ethylenically unsaturated unit and an amido group and a2) at least one crosslinker. Component b) may be at least one conducting salt and component c) may be at least one solvent. Electrodes may comprise the components a), d) and e), wherein component a) may be at least one layer of at least one polymer as described herein. Component d) may be at least one electroactive layer and component e) may be at least one ceramic layer. Furthermore, electrochemical cells comprising component a) which may be at least one layer of at least one polymer as described herein, are also provided.
SimpliFly: A Methodology for Simplification and Thematic Enhancement of Trajectories (2014)

Movement data sets collected using today's advanced tracking devices consist of complex trajectories in terms of length, shape, and number of recorded positions. Multiple additional attributes characterizing the movement and its environment are often also included making the level of complexity even higher. Simplification of trajectories can improve the visibility of relevant information by reducing less relevant details while maintaining important movement patterns. We propose a systematic stepwise methodology for simplifying and thematically enhancing trajectories in order to support their visual analysis. The methodology is applied iteratively and is composed of: (a) a simplification step applied to reduce the morphological complexity of the trajectories, (b) a thematic enhancement step which aims at accentuating patterns of movement, and (c) the representation and interactive exploration of the results in order to make interpretations of the findings and further refinement to the simplification and enhancement process. We illustrate our methodology through an analysis example of two different types of tracks, aircraft and pedestrian movement.
Supplementary Figure 2 from AMG 757, a Half-Life Extended, DLL3-Targeted Bispecific T-Cell Engager, Shows High Potency and Sensitivity in Preclinical Models of Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2 Representative photomicrographs of DLL3 immunostaining (brown color) in normal human tissues using immunohistochemistry.&lt;/p&gt;
Transfer Learning Capabilities of Untrained Neural Networks for MIMO CSI\n Recreation (2021)

Machine learning (ML) applications for wireless communications have gained\nmomentum on the standardization discussions for 5G advanced and beyond. One of\nthe biggest challenges for real world ML deployment is the need for labeled\nsignals and big measurement campaigns. To overcome those problems, we propose\nthe use of untrained neural networks (UNNs) for MIMO channel\nrecreation/estimation and low overhead reporting. The UNNs learn the\npropagation environment by fitting a few channel measurements and we exploit\ntheir learned prior to provide higher channel estimation gains. Moreover, we\npresent a UNN for simultaneous channel recreation for multiple users, or\nmultiple user equipment (UE) positions, in which we have a trade-off between\nthe estimated channel gain and the number of parameters. Our results show that\ntransfer learning techniques are effective in accessing the learned prior on\nthe environment structure as they provide higher channel gain for neighbouring\nusers. Moreover, we indicate how the under-parameterization of UNNs can further\nenable low-overhead channel state information (CSI) reporting.\n