gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lossless WDM PON Photonic Integrated Receivers Including SOAs (2019)

The role of a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) for amplifying downstream traffic at optical network terminals (ONT) within a silicon-photonics integrated receiver in a high capacity passive optical network (PON) is investigated. The nearly traveling wave SOA effects are evaluated by considering fabrication and link loss constraints through numerical analysis and experimental validation. The impact of hybrid integration of a SOA chip on a silicon on insulator (SOI) photonic chip using the flip chip bonding technique on SOA design is evaluated through numerical analysis of a multi section cavity model. The performance of the proposed ONT receiver design employing twin parallel SOAs is evaluated experimentally on a 32 × 25 Gb/s OOK WDM transmission system considering cross gain modulation (XGM) and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) constraints. The XGM impact is evaluated through 32 channel wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transmission and a likely PON worst case scenario of high channel power difference (~10 dB) between adjacent channels. The impact of ASE is evaluated through the worst-case polarization condition, i.e., when all of the signal is coupled to only one. Successful transmission was achieved in both worst-case conditions with limited impact on performance. SOA results indicate that a maximum residual facet reflectivity of 4 × 10−4 for the chip-bonded device can lead to a power penalty below 2 dB in a polarization-diversity twin SOAs receiver.
BIC selection procedures in mixed effects models (2012)

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Influence of the membrane glycoprotein and cholesterol of vesicular stomatitis virus on the dynamics of viral and model membranes: fluorescence studies (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInfluence of the membrane glycoprotein and cholesterol of vesicular stomatitis virus on the dynamics of viral and model membranes: fluorescence studiesRanajit Pal, Jon R. Wiener, Yechezkel Barenholz, and Robert R. WagnerCite this: Biochemistry 1983, 22, 15, 3624–3630Publication Date (Print):July 19, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 July 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00284a013https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00284a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Finite size effects in stress analysis of interconnect structures (2004)

Conventional formulations of thermal stress evolution in interconnect structures usually ignore the interface integrity between the various levels. In this letter we present thermal and residual stress versus temperature data from simple copper thin-film structures on silicon. The results indicate that interconnection models which assume fully elastic behavior and perfectly bonded interfaces may yield inaccurate predictions of the thermo-mechanical response for feature sizes smaller than 10μm.
An algorithm for the automatic synchronization of Omega receivers (1977)

The Omega navigation system and the requirement for receiver synchronization are discussed. A description of the synchronization algorithm is provided. The numerical simulation and its associated assumptions were examined and results of the simulation are presented. The suggested form of the synchronization algorithm and the suggested receiver design values were surveyed. A Fortran of the synchronization algorithm used in the simulation was also included.
[Research of type 1, 2 and 3 hepatitis C virus specific antibodies in relation to the viral genotype in chronically infected patients]. (1997)

The determination of the viral genotype in chronically HCV infected patients is used as an epidemiologic tool, a predictive marker of the evolution of the disease and especially of the response to the interferon alfa therapy. Its determination needs an amplification of the selected genomic region and remains expensive. Thus an indirect determination of the genotype has been proposed using the characterization of type-specific antibodies. In 101 chronically HCV infected patients, a serologic method specific for HCV type 1, 2 and 3 has been evaluated in relation to the genotyping one. The test was interpretable in 64 sera and in agreement with the genotyping method in 92% of the samples. The reactivity of the test was lower in hemodialysis and IVDUs patients (p < 0.02). The mixed results obtained by the serologic typing method were not in agreement with the results of the genotyping coinfections. We could not differentiate the possible past infections from the cross-reactivities of the test. The serotyping methods was simple and rapid, allowing generally a deduction of the viral genotype. It could be an attractive approach if the reactivity was improved and the subtyping was possible.
Influence of Fe Impurity on Spin Hall Effect in Au (2010)

We investigated the influence of Fe impurity on spin Hall effect in Au using multi-terminal devices consisting of an FePt perpendicular spin polarizer and a Au Hall cross with different Fe impurity concentrations. As the Fe impurity concentration was increased in the range of 0-0.95 at.%, the resistivity of Au doped with Fe increased and the spin diffusion length decreased from 35 nm to 27 nm. On the other hand, the spin Hall angle for Au doped with Fe, evaluated from the spin injector-Hall cross distance dependence of spin Hall signals, was approximately 0.07, independent of the Fe concentration. The experimental results provide important information for understanding the mechanism of the large spin Hall effect.
TSPO Targeted Dendrimer Imaging Agent: Synthesis, Characterization, and Cellular Internalization (2009)

While it has become common practice for dendrimers to deliver imaging and therapeutic agents, there are few reported examples of cellular internalization of dendrimers. Moreover, targeting of dendrimers to the mitochondria in cells has not yet been reported. Previously, we have delivered small molecule imaging agents into glioma and breast cancer cells by targeting the translocator protein (TSPO; formerly known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor or PBR) with a family of high-affinity conjugable ligands. The 18 kDa multimeric TSPO is expressed in steroid-producing cells, primarily on the outer mitochondrial membrane. This protein is a prime candidate for molecular targeting because tumors and other disease-related cells contain high densities of TSPO. Here, we present the synthesis, characterization, and cellular internalization into C6 rat glioma cells of a TSPO targeted dendrimer imaging agent.
Role of Fluorination in the Histone Deacetylase 6 (HDAC6) Selectivity of Benzohydroxamate-Based Inhibitors (2021)

Nonselective histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors show dose-limiting side effects due to the inhibition of multiple, essential HDAC subtypes that can be limited or prevented by restricting their selectivity. We herein report the crystal structures of zebrafish HDAC6 catalytic domain 2 (zHDAC6-CD2) in complex with the selective HDAC6 inhibitors ITF3756 and ITF3985 and shed light on the role of fluorination in the selectivity of benzohydroxamate-based structures over class I isoforms. The reason for the enhancement in the selectivity of the benzohydroxamate-based compounds is the presence of specific interactions between the fluorinated linker and the key residues Gly582, Ser531, and His614 of zHDAC6, which are hindered in class I HDAC isoforms by the presence of an Aspartate that replaces Ser531. These results can be used in the design and development of novel, highly selective HDAC6 inhibitors.
Role of coulombic centers on insulator surface breakdown characteristics (1992)

Pulse surface breakdown (flashover) and conditioning characteristics of polycrystalline alumina and single crystal quartz in vacuum were investigated. An electrode system which greatly facilitates time-coordinated electrical and optical measurements of surface discharges along insulators was designed and validated. The surface flashover characteristics obtained using the electrode system are discussed and compared with those obtained using the conventional parallel plane electrode system. A procedure for the conditioning of insulators in vacuum is presented. The single crystal quartz specimens were found to exhibit higher conditioned breakdown strength ( approximately 350 kV/cm) compared to polycrystalline alumina ( approximately 230 kV/cm). The mechanisms associated with the breakdown characteristics are discussed in terms of negative and positive space charge formation involving coulombic centers (traps) and adsorbed layers. The pre-breakdown and breakdown X-ray activities and luminosity are also presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Direct Die to Wafer Cu Hybrid Bonding for Volume Production (2023)

Hybrid bonding has been widely used in CMOS image sensor with wafer-to-wafer process (W2W), and is now, due to the fact of continuously advancement in node/CMOS scaling, extending further to IC Logic application such as High Performance Computing (HPC) and data center market with 3D advanced packaging by means of die to wafer (D2W) Hybrid. By considering the bond interface nature (direct bonding among 2 active surface) and bond pad size (down to 5μm, to 2 μm or even sub-micron size), process challenges and requirements is far beyond the traditional back-end assembly and is closed to front-end. Among those, cleanliness on both device material and assembly environment, and placement accuracy is especially critical. On the other hand, besides the quality, how to achieve good production yield and acceptable overall cost-of-ownership (CoO) is getting essential by soon entering High Volume Manufacturing (HVM). In this paper, it demonstrates a complete process for Direct D2W Hybrid Bonding, including die cleaning, surface activation, high prevision die to wafer (D2W) die bonding and annealing. HVM equipment will be used in critical process such as die preparation and die bonding.
Free-space high-speed laser communication link across the Chesapeake Bay (2002)

The Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) has established a free-space laser communication link across 16.2 km of the Chesapeake Bay between the Chesapeake Bay Detachment of NRL and Tilghman Island. The transmitter consists of a modulated 1550 nm oscillator amplified to 2 watts in an erbium doped fiber amplifier developed at NRL. The beam is fiber coupled to a 4 inch collimating lens on a remotely controllable gimbal mount. The beam is transmitted to a retro-reflector array at Tilghman Island and back to the receiver at CBD (32.4 km round trip). The receiver consists of a 16" Meade telescope either directly or fiber coupled to a variety of fast photo-detectors. Experiments have been conducted to study the stability and quality of the link. These include: bit-error rate measurements, probability density functions, power spectrum densities, and angle of arrival measurements of the received signal. Results of these experiments are presented.
Transfer learning for battery smarter state estimation and ageing prognostics: Recent progress, challenges, and prospects (2022)

With the advent of sustainable and clean energy transitions, lithium-ion batteries have become one of the most important energy storage sources for many applications. Battery management is of utmost importance for the safe, efficient, and long-lasting operation of lithium-ion batteries. However, the frequently changing load and operating conditions, the different cell chemistries and formats, and the complicated degradation patterns pose challenges for traditional battery management. The data-driven solutions that have emerged in recent years offer great opportunities to uncover the underlying data mapping within a battery system. In particular, transfer learning improves the performance of data-driven strategies by transferring existing knowledge from different but related domains, and if properly applied, would be a promising approach for smarter battery management. To this end, this paper presents a systematic review for the applications of transfer learning in the field of battery management for the first time, with particular focuses on battery state estimation and ageing prognostics. Specifically, the general issues faced by conventional battery management are identified and the applications of transfer learning to these issues are summarized. Then, the specific challenges of each topic are identified and the potential solutions based on transfer learning are explained, followed by a discussion of the state of the art in terms of principles, algorithm frameworks, advantages and disadvantages. Finally, future trends of data-driven battery management with transfer learning are discussed in terms of key challenges and promising opportunities.
Characterization of two crystal forms of human defensin neutrophil cationic peptide 1, a naturally occurring antimicrobial peptide of leukocytes. (1988)

Two orthorhombic crystal forms (P2(1)2(1)2, a = 30.5 A, b = 44.5 A, c = 40.5 A; I2(1)2(1)2(1) (or I222), a = 30.1 A, b = 66.5 A, c = 35.5 A) of human neutrophil cationic peptide 1 have been characterized. The P2(1)2(1)2 form contains two peptides (Mr = 3425) per asymmetric unit; the I2(1)2(1)2(1) form contains one peptide per asymmetric unit. Both crystal forms diffract to beyond 1.8 A resolution.
Complement Alternative and Mannose-Binding Lectin Pathway Activation Is Associated With COVID-19 Mortality (2021)

These findings argue in favor of prominent activation of the alternative and MBL complement pathways in severe COVID-19, but the spectrum of complement involvement seems to be heterogeneous requiring larger studies.
Five-Year Safety and Performance Results from the Argus II Retinal Prosthesis System Clinical Trial (2016)

The 5-year results of the Argus II trial support the long-term safety profile and benefit of the Argus II System for patients blind as a result of RP. The Argus II is the first and only retinal implant to have market approval in the European Economic Area, the United States, and Canada.
Advanced modeling for end-of-the-roadmap CMOS and potential beyond-CMOS applications (2016)

End-of-the-roadmap CMOS devices are explored via particle-based ensemble semi-classical Monte Carlo (MC) methods employing quantum corrections (QCs) to address quantum confinement and degenerate carrier populations. The significance of such QCs is illustrated through simulation of n-channel III-V and Si FinFETs. Original contributions include our treatment of far-from-equilibrium degenerate statistics and QC-based modeling of surface-roughness scattering, as well as considering quantum-confined phonon and ionized-impurity scattering in 3D. Typical MC simulations approximate degenerate carrier populations as Fermi distributions to model the Pauli-blocking (PB) of scattering to occupied final states. To allow for increasingly far-from-equilibrium non-Fermi carrier distributions in ultra-scaled and III-V devices, we instead generate the final-state occupation probabilities used for PB by sampling the local carrier populations as a function of energy and energy valley. This process is aided by the use of fractional carriers or sub-carriers, which minimizes classical carrier-carrier scattering. Quantum confinement effects are addressed through quantum-correction potentials (QCPs) generated from coupled Schrödinger-Poisson solvers, as commonly done. However, we use our valley- and orientation-dependent QCPs not just to redistribute carriers in real space, or even among energy valleys, but also to calculate confinement-dependent phonon, ionized-impurity, and surface-roughness scattering rates. Collectively, these quantum effects can substantially reduce and even eliminate otherwise expected benefits of considered InGaAs FinFETs over otherwise identical Si FinFETs, despite higher thermal velocities in InGaAs. Beyond-CMOS device concepts are also being considered for future applications. Thin-film sub-5 nm magnetic skyrmions constitute an ultimate scaling alternative for beyond-CMOS data storage technologies. These robust non-collinear spin-textures can be moved and manipulated by spin-polarized or non-spin-polarized electrical currents, which is extremely attractive for integration with current memory technologies. An innovative technique to detect isolated nano-skyrmions with a current-perpendicular-to-plane is shown, which has immediate implications for device concepts. Such a mechanism is explored by studying the atomistic electronic structure of the magnetic quasiparticles. The tunneling conductance is quite sensitive to spatial variations in the electronic structure, as a large atomistic conductance anisotropy up to 20 is found for magnetic skyrmions in Pd/Fe/Ir(111) magnetic thin-films. This spin-mixing magnetoresistance effect possibly could be incorporated in future magnetic storage technologies.
Automatic Tongue Delineation from MRI Images with a Convolutional Neural Network Approach (2020)

International audience
Constraint operator solution to quantum billiard problems (1996)

We introduce an additional method to solve Schr\"odinger's equation for a free particle in an infinite well of arbitrary shape (the Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions), a problem of interest in the area of quantum chaos. We expand the wave function in a basis of products of sine functions, then use the constraint operator to contain the wave function to a region within the domain of the basis functions. In this manner, a quantum billiard problem of arbitrary shape can be solved. Several methods exist to solve problems of this sort, but as recent work reviewing these methods has shown, all have shortcomings. Our work represents a different direction in the solution of these problems. Our method is different in that it provides a means of computing an eigenbasis. It is also interesting from a physical standpoint in that it can represent the Hamiltonian of a classically chaotic system in the basis of a classically regular system. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Method of casting pitch based foam (2023)

A process for producing molded pitch based foam is disclosed which minimizes cracking. The process includes forming a viscous pitch foam in a container, and then transferring the viscous pitch foam from the container into a mold. The viscous pitch foam in the mold is hardened to provide a carbon foam having a relatively uniform distribution of pore sizes and a highly aligned graphic structure in the struts.
Security and Privacy Measurements in Social Networks: Experiences and Lessons Learned (2014)

We describe our experience gained while exploring practical security and privacy problems in a real-world, large- scale social network (i.e., Facebook), and summarize our conclusions in a series of "lessons learned". We first conclude that it is better to adequately describe the potential ethical concerns from the very beginning and plan ahead the institutional review board (IRB) request. Even though sometimes optional, the IRB approval is a valuable point from the reviewer's perspective. Another aspect that needs planning is getting in touch with the online social network security team, which takes a substantial amount of time. With their support, "bending the rules" (e.g., using scrapers) when the experimental goals require so, is easier. Clearly, in cases where critical technical vulnerabilities are found during the research, the general recommendations for responsible disclosure should be followed. Gaining the audience's engagement and trust was essential to the success of our user study. Participants felt more comfortable when subscribing to our experiments, and also responsibly reported bugs and glitches. We did not observe the same behavior in crowd-sourcing workers, who were instead more interested in obtaining their rewards. On a related point, our experience suggests that crowd sourcing should not be used alone: Setting up tasks is more time consuming than it seems, and researchers must insert some sentinel checks to ensure that workers are not submitting random answers.From a logistics point of view, we learned that having at least a high-level plan of the experiments pays back, especially when the IRB requires a detailed description of the work and the data to be collected. However, over planning can be dangerous because the measurement goals can change dynamically. From a technical point of view, partially connected to the logistics remarks, having a complex and large data-gathering and analysis framework may be counterproductive in terms of set-up and management overhead. From our experience we suggest to choose simple technologies that scale up if needed but, more importantly, can scale down. For example, launching a quick query should be straightforward, and the frameworks should not impose too much overhead for formulating it. We conclude with a series of practical recommendations on how to successfully collect data from online social networks (e.g., using techniques for network multipresence, mimicking user behavior, and other crawling "tricks"') and avoid abusing the online service, while gathering the data required by the experiments.
Photoluminescence thermal quenching in three-dimensional multilayer Si∕SiGe nanostructures (2008)

We find that in Si∕SiGe three-dimensional multilayer nanostructures, photoluminescence intensity as a function of temperature depends on the excitation intensity. The experimental results are explained using a model where electron-hole separation and nonradiative recombination is controlled by a competition between hole tunneling and thermally activated hole diffusion over the valence band energy barriers at Si∕SiGe heterointerfaces.
Minority carrier lifetime and diffusion length in P-type mercury cadmium telluride (1979)

This report covers a study of the relationship between minority carrier properties and majority carrier hole and acceptor concentrations. This report documents the following conclusions: The dominant recombination mechanism is Shockley-Read not radiative. The recombination center is at 140 meV above the valence band edge and has a concentration proportional to the acceptor concentration.