gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular Regulation of the Interaction Between Leukocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 and Soluble ICAM-1 by Divalent Metal Cations (1998)

Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) was used to investigate and characterize the interaction between LFA-1 and sICAM-1 (a soluble form of ICAM-1). Full-length LFA-1 was immobilized on a hydrophobic surface, and sICAM-1 binding was monitored in a flow cell format. The binding of sICAM-1 to LFA-1 was specific and dependent upon Mg2+; Abs to both sICAM-1 and LFA-1 blocked the interaction, and EDTA abolished all binding. Association and dissociation rate constants (k(a) and k(d), respectively) for sICAM-1 were 2.24 x 10(5) M(-1) s(-1) and 2.98 x 10(-2) s(-1), respectively, giving a calculated K(ICAM) of 133 nM. Since the LFA-1/ICAM-1 interaction is highly sensitive to the presence of metal cations, SPR was also used to probe the affinity of the metal binding sites. The K(Mg) values were 160 and 12 microM in the absence (EGTA) and the presence of Ca2+ (100 microM), respectively; in addition, K(Mn) was 2 microM in the presence of Ca2+ (100 microM). Increasing Ca2+ into the millimolar concentration range, however, resulted in a competitive displacement of Mg2+/Mn2+ and decreased sICAM-1 binding. Based on these data, a synergistic model for the molecular regulation of LFA-1 by divalent metal cations is proposed, and implications to cellular adhesion are discussed.
Routes of Stem Cell Administration in the Adult Rodent (2003)

Stem cell transplantation to replace damaged tissue or correct metabolic disease holds the promise of helping a myriad of human afflictions. Although a great deal of attention has focused on pluripotent stem cells derived from embryos, adult stem cells have been described in a variety of tissues, and they likely will prove to be as beneficial as embryonic stem cells in cell replacement therapy and control of inbred errors of metabolism. We describe methods by which stem cells can be introduced into the nervous system, although the techniques are applicable to any portion of the body to be targeted or any cell that may be used for cell therapy. The first and most straight-forward method is introduction of stem cells directly into the brain parenchyma. The second, which in our hands has proven to be superior in some instances, is introduction of the stem cells into the circulatory system.
Modeling and characterization of the nMOS transistor stressed by hot-carrier injection (2002)

This paper presents the modeling and characterization of degradation effects by hot-carrier injection on the electrical behavior of the nMOS transistor. The one-dimensional analytical model developed is based on the sharing out of the channel in cells and is able to take into account a distribution of defects along the channel.
An IVUS-Based Approach to Traumatic Aortic Rupture, with a Look at the Lesion from inside (2007)

Endovascular repair of acute traumatic aortic disruption yields promising results, with high technical success and minimal procedure-related morbidity. IVUS as the primary navigation tool for device implantation allows prompt endovascular setup, instant aortic measurements, and precise visualization of the aortic disruption.
[Experimental and clinical studies of an ampicillin suppository (KS-R1) in pediatrics]. (1983)

Blood levels of ampicillin (ABPC) were measured in 10 childish patients with heart disease after the rectal administration of KS-R1 at doses of 125 mg and 250 mg. Average blood levels of ABPC at 15, 30 minutes, 1, 2 hours and 4 hours after the administration of KS-R1 were 6.8, 6.9, 3.1, 1.1 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml with half-life of 0.64 hours in patients of age from 1 year to 4 years 7 months old (dose level 8.9 approximately 13.9 mg/kg, average 10.5 mg/kg), and 5.2, 6.1, 3.4, 1.0 mcg/ml and 0.1 mcg/ml with half-life of 0.65 hours in patients of age from 7 years 10 months to 10 years 7 months old (dose level 8.3 approximately 13.9 mg/kg, average 9.8 mg/kg), respectively. Clinical effective rate (excellent and good) was 87% in 55 childish patients with infections. Bacteriologically, 13 strains (74%) out of 18 strains which were isolated from the patients were eradicated. No severe side effects were observed. Diarrhea was observed in 3 cases.
Activation of bcl‐2 suppressible 40 and 44 kDa p38‐like kinases during apoptosis of early and late B lymphocytic cell lines (1998)

Activation of several different kinases characterizes the induction of apoptosis. Abelson virus transformed pre-B lymphocytes undergo apoptosis within 24 h of serum deprivation, PKA activation or gamma-irradiation, and the activity of two kinases of ca. 40 and 44 kDa is specifically induced during this apoptotic process. Bcl-2 expression prevents both apoptosis and the induction of these kinases. Immunologic and substrate similarities indicate that these kinases are related to the p38 family of MAP kinases. More mature cells of the B lymphocytic lineage, plasmacytomas, also exhibit induction of these kinases when apoptosis is induced by withdrawal of serum or IL-6. Treatment of the pre-B cells with ICE protease inhibitors when apoptotic stimuli are delivered prevents induction of the kinase activity, and partially inhibits apoptosis. These findings indicate that the induction of these 40 and 44 kDa p38 related kinases is a common feature of apoptosis in mouse B lymphocytic cells and may represent a step downstream of ICE proteases in the signal cascade that leads to programmed cell death.
Metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor-controlled field emission display (2003)

A metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor-controlled field emission display (MCFED) was fabricated to evaluate the validity of MCFEAs (MOSFET-controlled field emitter arrays) for display application. The electrical properties of FEAs, HVMOSFETs (high voltage MOSFETs), and MCFEAs were measured. The gate hole diameter of a fabricated FEA is 1.25 μm and the extraction gate voltage to obtain the anode current of 10 nA/tip is 71 V. The threshold voltage and the breakdown voltage of a HVMOSFET are 1.4 and 81 V, respectively. The I–V characteristics of a MCFEA show that the emission currents of FEA are well controlled by the control gate voltage of the HVMOSFET. To exclude the harmful effects generated during the packaging process, the performance of the MCFED was evaluated in a high vacuum chamber. It was proven that the uniformity of a conventional FED could be improved by the integration with a MOSFET.
ChemInform Abstract: Multiple Bonds Between Main Group Elements and Transition Metals. Part 120. First Arylrhenium Oxides (σ‐Aryl)ReO3. (1989)

Abstract Coupling of the diarylzinc agents (I) with dirhenium heptoxide (II) leads to the formation of the (σ‐aryl)trioxorhenium(VII) compounds (III), together with the zinc perrhenate (IV).
Eye-safe collimated laser emitter for optical wireless communications (2002)

In this work we present laser-based novel devices that maximize the emitted power for constant eye safety level and beam divergence angle, i.e., without affecting the eye safety classification or the necessary tracking accuracy. This is achieved by breaking the spatial coherence of the beam, which allows the system to be considered as an extended light source. The system comprises a laser, a diffuser, a collimator and, sometimes, other optical elements. As an example, one of the devices is composed of a laser, a Lambertian reflective-type diffuser, and a single-piece reflective-refractive collimator of 20 mm aperture and ultra-high numerical aperture (NA = 1.43), which re-collimates the radiation into 3.5 deg. (full angle). According to the IEC 60825-1:1993 (amendment 2, 2001-01), the Accessible Emission Limit (AEL) (Class 1, wavelength &lambda; = 780 nm, exposure T = 30000 s) for this device is 35.9 times greater than that of a laser with the same divergence angle (15.6 dB), i.e., this device is allowed to emit 35.9 times more power than that of the laser alone with the same divergence angle. The switching time, the beam divergence and the eye safety classification remain the same. This power gain varies with the design conditions. In the cases analyzed it goes from = 8.4 (9.24dB) to 551.3 (27.4 dB).
Texture analysis of critical current density in Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} tapes (1994)

Ag-clad Bi{sub 2}Sr{sub 2}CaCu{sub 2}O{sub x} tapes were fabricated by a powder-in-tube process. Transport critical current density (J{sub c}) data were obtained at 4.2 K. X-ray diffraction data were used to quantify the texture of each superconductor core. J{sub c} and texture data were related by a geometric model based on J{sub c} anisotropy within individual grains. The model, which fit the data well, is applicable to strongly linked superconductors only.
Changes in Knee Joint Loading on Infilled Turf with Different Soccer Cleat Designs (2009)

The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between different soccer cleat designs and knee joint moments. Twelve physically active males (mean(SD): age: 26.4(6.2)yrs; height: 176.4(4.1)cm; mass: 74.0 (7.4)kg) were recruited Kinematic and force plate data were collected for all subjects during normal running and a <TEX>$45^{\circ}$</TEX> cutting maneuver, called a v-cut. Both motions were performed at <TEX>$4.0{\pm}0.2\;m/s$</TEX> on infilled artificial turf with three pairs of soccer cleats of different sole plate designs, and one pair of neutral running shoes. Inverse dynamics were used to calculate three dimensional knee joint moments, with repeated measures ANOVA and post hoc paired Student's t-test used to determine significance between shoe conditions. Significant differences were found in the extension moments of the knee for running trials, and for external rotation and adduction moments in the v-cutting trials. Knee moments were greater in v-cut than running, and the traditional soccer cleats (Copa Mondial and World Cup) tended to result in greater knee moments than the Nova runner or TRX soccer cleat. Cleat design was found to influence 3-dimensional knee moments in a v-cut maneuver. In the translational traction test, there were significant differences between all conditions. In the rotational traction test, friction with soccer shoes were greater than friction with running shoes. However, no differences were found between soccer shoes. Higher moments may lead to increased loads and stresses on knee joint structures, and thus, greater injury rates.
Xenobiotic Metabolism by Cultured Primary Porcine Hepatocytes (2000)

Considering the large yield of viable cells comparable to human liver, primary porcine hepatocytes offer a valuable resource for constructing a bioartificial liver device. In this study, the ability of cultured primary porcine hepatocytes to detoxify xenobiotics has been examined using various known substrates of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and UDP-glucuronosyltransferases. Present investigation demonstrated the stability of the isoenzymes responsible for the metabolism of diazepam in native state and stabilization of other isoenzymes, as judged by ethoxycoumarin o-dealkylase (ECOD), ethoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (EROD), benzyloxyresorufin o-dealkylase (BROD), and pentoxyresorufin o-dealkylase (PROD) activities following induction in culture environment, for a period of 8 days. Resorufin O-dealkylase activities were found to be the most unstable and deteriorated within first 5 days in culture. These activities were restored following induction with 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MC) or sodium phenobarbital (PB) to 20-fold of 1 activity for EROD, and 60 and 174% of day 1 activity for PROD and BROD on day 8, respectively. Metabolism of methoxyresorufin was most strikingly increased following induction with 3-MC to approximately 60-fold of day 1 activity, on day 8. UDP-glucuronosyltransferase-dependent glucuronidation of phenol red, however, stayed intact during the course of our study without induction. Our study indicated that porcine hepatocytes in vitro maintain many important liver-specific functions including detoxification (steady state and inducibility).
Proceedings of the 2014 international symposium on Low power electronics and design (2014)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2014 ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design -- ISLPED'14, in the beautiful city of La Jolla, CA, USA. The mission of our symposium is to provide education and technical enrichment for professionals in the area of low power electronics and design and promote advancement of the state-of-the-art in the same area. It provides a forum for technical discussions and a platform for examining new ideas and research topics. This year, the call for papers attracted 184 submissions from Asia, Africa, Europe, and North & South America. The Technical Program Committee (TPC), consisting of 78 experts from industry and academia, accepted a total of 63 papers divided into 43 for full-length presentations and 20 for poster presentations. The accepted papers cover a variety of low-power topics in technologies, circuits, logic & architecture, CAD Tools & methodologies, systems & platforms, and software and applications. We are very thankful to the authors for contributing to ISLEPD'14. We are also grateful to our TPC members for volunteering their valuable time and effort in reviewing the papers, attending the in-person review meeting, and providing feedback to the authors. In addition to the above accepted papers, this year's program features: Three Keynote Speeches on "Low Power Design Techniques in Mobile Processes" by Dr. Karim Arabi, VP Engineering, Qualcomm Technologies, Inc.; "Accelerator-Rich Architectures --- From Single-chip to Datacenters" by Prof. Jason Cong, Chancellor's Professor at the Computer Science Dept., UCLA, and "The New (System) Balance of Power and Opportunities for Optimizations" by Dr. Partha Ranganathan, Principal Engineer, Google.Industry Focus Session on the Challenges of Low Power Analog Circuits, Exploiting FD-SOI for Energy Efficient SoCs, and Using Embedded STT-MRAM for Mobile Applications.Four Embedded Invited Papers on Emerging Interconnect Technologies, Low Power Processor Design, Leakage Mitigation in Smartphone SoCs, and Powering the Internet of Things.Embedded Tutorial by industry DA experts on "Failing to Fail - Achieving Success in Advanced Low Power Design using UPF". We hope the above talks will complement our main program by providing you with an in-depth understanding of the low-power state-of-the-art as well as gives you valuable insights into future trends. Finally, we hope that you will find the overall program interesting and thought-provoking and that the symposium will provide you with a valuable opportunity to share ideas with other researchers and practitioners from institutions around the world.
Piezoelectric Materials for the DC-DC Converters Based on Piezoelectric Resonators (2021)

This paper presents a generic representation of the six switching sequences of the dc-dc converters based on piezoelectric resonators. In addition, the estimation of current density and voltage limitations of lead zirconate titanate and lithium niobate resonators are given. A comparison between these piezoelectric materials is carried out. Then, we propose a lithium niobate-based piezoelectric resonator design that reduces spurious modes, while providing a quality factor of 3700 and an electromechanical coupling factor k <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> of 25.5 %. Experimental results demonstrate the operating principle for input-output voltage of 60-20 V around 6 MHz for a wide power range 2-32 W. A peak efficiency of 93.6 % is obtained at 16 W. A power density of 128 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> for the designed resonator is reached for input-output voltage of 60-20 V.
Outcomes after radical prostatectomy in men receiving previous pelvic radiation for non‐prostate malignancies (2009)

RP after pelvic RT for non-prostate malignancies was not associated with increased intraoperative morbidity. However, rates of anastomotic stricture, erectile dysfunction and urinary incontinence appeared to be higher than those reported after RP in men with no previous RT, and comparable with those seen in the salvage RP setting.
Antibacterial Inhibitors of Gram-Positive Thymidylate Kinase: Structure–Activity Relationships and Chiral Preference of a New Hydrophobic Binding Region (2014)

Thymidylate kinase (TMK), an essential enzyme in bacterial DNA biosynthesis, is an attractive therapeutic target for the development of novel antibacterial agents, and we continue to explore TMK inhibitors with improved potency, protein binding, and pharmacokinetic potential. A structure-guided design approach was employed to exploit a previously unexplored region in Staphylococcus aureus TMK via novel interactions. These efforts produced compound 39, with 3 nM IC50 against S. aureus TMK and 2 μg/mL MIC against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This compound exhibits a striking inverted chiral preference for binding relative to earlier compounds and also has improved physical properties and pharmacokinetics over previously published compounds. An example of this new series was efficacious in a murine S. aureus infection model, suggesting that compounds like 39 are options for further work toward a new Gram-positive antibiotic by maintaining a balance of microbiological potency, low clearance, and low protein binding that can result in lower efficacious doses.
Generalized Sliced Wasserstein Distances (2019)

The Wasserstein distance and its variations, e.g., the sliced-Wasserstein (SW) distance, have recently drawn attention from the machine learning community. The SW distance, specifically, was shown to have similar properties to the Wasserstein distance, while being much simpler to compute, and is therefore used in various applications including generative modeling and general supervised/unsupervised learning. In this paper, we first clarify the mathematical connection between the SW distance and the Radon transform. We then utilize the generalized Radon transform to define a new family of distances for probability measures, which we call generalized sliced-Wasserstein (GSW) distances. We also show that, similar to the SW distance, the GSW distance can be extended to a maximum GSW (max-GSW) distance. We then provide the conditions under which GSW and max-GSW distances are indeed distances. Finally, we compare the numerical performance of the proposed distances on several generative modeling tasks, including SW flows and SW auto-encoders.
Design and Qualitative Testing of a Prosthetic Foot With Rotational Ankle and Metatarsal Joints to Mimic Physiological Roll-Over Shape (2015)

This paper presents the analysis, design, and preliminary testing of a prototype prosthetic foot for use in India. A concept consisting of a rigid structure with rotational joints at the ankle and metatarsal with rotational stiffnesses provided by springs is discussed. Because literature suggests that prosthetic feet that exhibit roll-over shapes similar to that of physiological feet allow more symmetric gait, the joint stiffnesses were optimized to obtain the best fit between the roll-over shape of the prototype and of a physiological foot. Using a set of published gait data for a 56.7 kg subject, the optimal stiffness values for roll-over shape that also permit the motion required for natural gait were found to be 9.3 N·m/deg at the ankle and 2.0 N·m/deg at the metatarsal. The resulting roll-over shape has an R2 value of 0.81 when compared with the physiological roll-over shape. The prototype was built and tested in Jaipur, India. Preliminary qualitative feedback from testing was positive enough to warrant further development of this design concept.
Long-Range Effects on Polymer Diffusion Induced by a Bounding Interface (1997)

We have measured the diffusion of deuterated polystyrene of molecular weight $90\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ in various matrices of hydrogenated polystyrene as a function of distance from an attractive interface, oxide-covered silicon. Surprisingly long-range effects are observed. Diffusion rates an order of magnitude slower than bulk persist up to ${10R}_{g}$ (radius of gyration) from the interface of either the diffusant or matrix polymers. The slowdown is independent of matrix molecular weight over a broad range. However, mixing of polymers within the matrix strongly influences the rates of diffusion.
Randomly Spiking Dynamic Neural Fields (2015)

Bio-inspired neural computation attracts a lot of attention as a possible solution for the future challenges in designing computational resources. Dynamic neural fields (DNF) provide cortically inspired models of neural populations to which computation can be applied for a wide variety of tasks, such as perception and sensorimotor control. DNFs are often derived from continuous neural field theory (CNFT). In spite of the parallel structure and regularity of CNFT models, few studies of hardware implementations have been carried out targeting embedded real-time processing. In this article, a hardware-friendly model adapted from the CNFT is introduced, namely the RSDNF model (randomly spiking dynamic neural fields). Thanks to their simplified 2D structure, RSDNFs achieve scalable parallel implementations on digital hardware while maintaining the behavioral properties of CNFT models. Spike-based computations within neurons in the field are introduced to reduce interneuron connection bandwidth. Additionally, local stochastic spike propagation ensures inhibition and excitation broadcast without a fully connected network. The behavioral soundness and robustness of the model in the presence of noise and distracters is fully validated through software and hardware. A field programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation shows how the RSDNF model ensures a level of density and scalability out of reach for previous hardware implementations of dynamic neural field models.
Image-derived input function estimation on a TOF-enabled PET/MR for cerebral blood flow mapping (2017)

<sup>15</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O PET imaging is an accurate method to measure cerebral blood flow (CBF) but it requires an arterial input function (AIF). Historically, image-derived AIF estimation suffers from low temporal resolution, spill-in, and spill-over problems. Here, we optimized tracer dose on a time-of-flight PET/MR according to the acquisition-specific noise-equivalent count rate curve. An optimized dose of 850 MBq of <sup>15</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O was determined, which allowed sufficient counts to reconstruct a short time-frame PET angiogram (PETA) during the arterial phase. This PETA enabled the measurement of the extent of spill-over, while an MR angiogram was used to measure the true arterial volume for AIF estimation. A segment of the high cervical arteries outside the brain was chosen, where the measured spill-in effects were minimal. CBF studies were performed twice with separate [15O]-H<sub>2</sub>O injections in 10 healthy subjects, yielding values of 88 ± 16, 44 ± 9, and 58 ± 11 mL/min/100 g for gray matter, white matter, and whole brain, with intra-subject CBF differences of 5.0 ± 4.0%, 4.1 ± 3.3%, and 4.5 ± 3.7%, respectively. A third CBF measurement after the administration of 1 g of acetazolamide showed 35 ± 23%, 29 ± 20%, and 33 ± 22% increase in gray matter, white matter, and whole brain, respectively. Based on these findings, the proposed noninvasive AIF method provides robust CBF measurement with <sup>15</sup>O-H<sub>2</sub>O PET.