gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membranes and Sorbents (2018)

For continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), the extracorporeal filter provides solute depuration, fluid removal, and control of electrolyte and acid-base balance in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI). The membranes comprising CRRT filters are almost exclusively based on hollow fiber designs and, while adapted from the chronic hemodialysis field, have features that are specific to the requirements of CRRT nevertheless. In addition, these devices have evolved through the 40 years of CRRT in response to changes in clinical practice and the desire to extend the solute removal spectrum. For some critically ill patients, more targeted removal of specific compounds poorly cleared by standard CRRT can be attempted with techniques based on adsorption. Sorbent hemoperfusion is now being applied more broadly in critically ill patients, especially in those with sepsis and systemic inflammation. In this review, the manner in which CRRT membranes and extracorporeal sorbents have evolved over the past 40 years for the treatment of critically ill patients with AKI and other disorders is described.
Evaluating a Potentiometer-Based Graphical User Interface for Interacting with a Music Recommendation Service (2011)

This paper studies the idea of using potentiometers as a graphical user interface for interacting with a music recommendation service. In the implemented prototype, the user selects a musical genre and adjusts tempo and energy level potentiometers to fine-tune the play list of new music recommendations. The look of the interface is changed to reflect the currently selected genre. In a user study with 40 participants, the idea of using potentiometers to access music collections was found to be suitable for discovering new music and to complement traditional music player applications. The prototype was seen to be easy to use and entertaining, and the graphical designs matched well with the musical genres. In the longer-term use, the prototype was slightly too simple and it would have benefited from e.g. text-based search functionality. Several other interesting ideas for the future development of the concept were also received.
Stochastic Model of a Hysteresis Converter with a Domain Structure (2022)

This study is devoted to generalizing one of the most popular constructive models of hysteresis, the Preisach converter (a continuous system of nonideal relays connected in parallel). In many applied problems related to modeling hysteresis effects, where the domain structure of carriers of the hysteresis properties is a priori assumed (multiple magnetization reversal of ferromagnetic components of electromagnetic systems, polarization of a ferroelectric depending on the electric field strength, dependence of employment on price in monocommodity markets, etc.), the uncertainties in the reactions of individual domains to external actions need to be taken into account. In this paper, we propose an instrumental method that makes it possible to take into account such uncertainties by stochastic models of the elementary carriers of hysteresis properties. The main properties of discrete and continuous relay systems are considered, whose parameters are treated as random variables, while the output of the relay system is represented as a random process. The correctness of the definition is investigated; in particular, the independence of the output (of a random process) from the sampling method within the limit transition from a finite to a continuous system of nonideal relays is established, and the controllability and monotonicity (in the corresponding definition) of the stochastic analog of the Preisach converter are established.
Boron-doped diamond heater and its application to large-volume, high-pressure, and high-temperature experiments (2009)

A temperature of 3500 degrees C was generated using a diamond resistance heater in a large-volume Kawai-type high-pressure apparatus. Re and LaCrO(3) have conventionally been used for heaters in high-pressure studies but they cannot generate temperatures higher than 2900 degrees C and make in situ x-ray observations difficult due to their high x-ray absorption. Using a boron-doped diamond heater overcomes these problems and achieves stable temperature generation for pressure over 10 GPa. The heater starting material is a cold-compressed mixture of graphite with boron used to avoid the manufacturing difficulties due to the extreme hardness of diamond. The diamond heater was synthesized in situ from the boron-graphite mixture at temperature of 1600+/-100 degrees C and pressure of 20 GPa. By using the proposed technique, we have employed the diamond heater for high-temperature generation in a large-volume high-pressure apparatus. Achievement of temperatures above 3000 degrees C allows us to measure the melting points of the important constituents in earth's mantle (MgSiO(3), SiO(2), and Al(2)O(3)) and core (Fe and Ni) at extremely high pressures.
Process Control and Physical Failure Analysis for Sub-100NM CU/Low-K Structures (2008)

For successfully developing and controlling BEoL structures of the 32 nm CMOS technology node and beyond, advanced analytical techniques are needed for process development and control, for physical failure localization and analysis as well as for the investigation of reliability-limiting degradation mechanisms. These challenges are discussed from the point of view of a high volume leading-edge manufacturing.
AEM characterization of magnetic nanoparticles encased in graphite shells (1995)

Since it was discovered that crystalline materials could be encased in graphite shells, protection in this manner has been the focus of significant research. Previously, production of graphite encapsulated crystalline nanoparticles has been reported using an arc discharge between an anode stuffed with a metal oxide and a graphite cathode, resulting in a mixture of carbides, encapsulated carbides and carbonaceous debris. More recently, an arc discharge between metal electrodes has been used to produce large quantities of pure metal nanoparticles, with the addition of graphite to the anode resulting in the large scale production of graphite encapsulated metal nanoparticles (GEMN). In earlier studies, these materials were separated from the other products of the arc discharge only by a magnetic gradient, which does not remove the non-encapsulated crystalline particles. Therefore, the immersion of the product mixture in an acid bath was added as a subsequent processing step. The combined arc discharge/acid bath technique reduces both production and separation problems, producing a large quantity of Fe, Co, and Ni GEMN free from any non-encapsulated metal particles. Subsequent characterization of the resulting material has led to a better understanding of the GEMN produced.
Flow in Perforated Region Including Non-Linear Effects (2005)

I004 Flow in Perforated Region Including Non-linear Effects Abstract 1 Fluid flow behavior in the perforated zone has a great impact on producing well deliverability thus considerable effort has been directed towards this subject by many investigators. This study concentrates on the behavior of steady-state flow of a compressible fluid in a perforated completion including non-Darcy flow. A finite-element based simulator was developed and employed to conduct a comprehensive sensitivity study of the effect of perforation parameters on a single-well flow performance. The complex nature of flow behavior in this 3-D system requires detailed information of the pressure profile which
Recovery of Fluoride-Rich and Silica-Rich Wastewaters as Valuable Resources: A Resource Capture Ultrafiltration–Bipolar Membrane Electrodialysis-Based Closed-Loop Process (2022)

Traditional technologies such as precipitation and coagulation have been adopted for fluoride-rich and silica-rich wastewater treatment, respectively, but waste solid generation and low wastewater processing efficiency are still the looming concern. Efficient resource recovery technologies for different wastewater treatments are scarce for environment and industry sustainability. Herein, a resource capture ultrafiltration-bipolar membrane electrodialysis (RCUF-BMED) system was designed into a closed-loop process for simultaneous capture and recovery of fluoride and silica as sodium silicofluoride (Na<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>) from mixed fluoride-rich and silica-rich wastewaters, as well as achieving zero liquid discharge. This RCUF-BMED system comprised two key parts: (1) capture of fluoride and silica from two wastewaters using acid, and recovery of the Na<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> using base by UF and (2) UF permeate conversion for acid/base and freshwater generation by BMED. With the optimized RCUF-BMED system, fluoride and silica can be selectively captured from wastewater with removal efficiencies higher than 99%. The Na<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> recovery was around 72% with a high purity of 99.1%. The aging and cyclic experiments demonstrated the high stability and recyclability of the RCUF-BMED system. This RCUF-BMED system has successfully achieved the conversion of toxic fluoride and silica into valuable Na<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> from mixed wastewaters, which shows great application potential in the industry-resource-environment nexus.
Small Molecule Cyclotriazadisulfonamide Abrogates the Upregulation of the Human Receptors CD4 and 4-1BB and Suppresses In Vitro Activation and Proliferation of T Lymphocytes (2021)

The small molecule cyclotriazadisulfonamide (CADA) down-modulates the human CD4 receptor, an important factor in T cell activation. Here, we addressed the immunosuppressive potential of CADA using different activation models. CADA inhibited lymphocyte proliferation with low cellular toxicity in a mixed lymphocyte reaction, and when human PBMCs were stimulated with CD3/CD28 beads, phytohemagglutinin or anti-CD3 antibodies. The immunosuppressive effect of CADA involved both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells but was, surprisingly, most prominent in the CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell subpopulation where it inhibited cell-mediated lympholysis. Immunosuppression by CADA was characterized by suppressed secretion of various cytokines, and reduced CD25, phosphoSTAT5 and CTPS-1 levels. We discovered a direct down-modulatory effect of CADA on 4-1BB (CD137) expression, a survival factor for activated CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. More specifically, CADA blocked 4‑1BB protein biosynthesis by inhibition of its co-translational translocation into the ER in a signal peptide-dependent way. Taken together, this study demonstrates that CADA, as potent down-modulator of human CD4 and 4‑1BB receptor, has promising immunomodulatory characteristics. This would open up new avenues toward chemotherapeutics that act as selective protein down-modulators to treat various human immunological disorders.
Leakage current characteristics and DC resistance degradation mechanisms in Nb doped PZT films (2021)

The correlation between defect chemistry, leakage currents, and time-dependent dielectric breakdown was studied for PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) films doped with 0.5, 1, 2, or 4 mol. % Nb. As the samples are nearly intrinsic (that is, close to n- to p-type transition), signatures for both hole hopping between Pb2+ and Pb3+ and electron trapping by Ti4+ were observed. For all doping levels, the dominant conduction mechanism transitioned from Poole–Frenkel emission at lower electric fields to Schottky emission at higher electric fields. The electric field for this transition diminishes from 172 to 82 kV/cm with decreasing Nb concentration. The concomitant modification of the Schottky barrier height from 1.24 to 0.95 eV with decreasing Nb concentration is attributed to Fermi level pinning via oxygen vacancies. The DC resistance degradation was controlled by Schottky emission from 250 to 400 kV/cm. It was found that the lifetime of the films increases with increasing the Nb level. The effective Schottky barrier height for 2 mol. % Nb-doped PZT films decreased from 1.12 to 0.85 eV during degradation. This is related to the movement of oxygen vacancies toward the cathode and the observation of Ti3+ near the cathode, which are proved via thermally stimulated depolarization current and electron energy loss spectroscopy, respectively. Furthermore, Schottky emission starts to control the conduction at lower electric fields after degradation as a result of oxygen vacancy accumulation near the cathode. This, in turn, decreases the potential barrier height for electron injection from the Pt electrode into the PZT films. The mechanisms for time-dependent dielectric breakdown in PZT films will thus be a strong function of the initial oxygen vacancy concentration and its distribution within the PZT films.
The haunted book (2008)

This paper describes an artwork that relies on recent computer vision and augmented reality techniques to animate the illustrations of a poetry book. Because we donpsilat need markers, we can achieve seamless integration of real and virtual elements to create the desired atmosphere. The visualization is done on a computer screen to avoid cumbersome head-mounted displays. The camera is hidden into a desk lamp for easing even more the spectator immersion.
Characterization of microchannel anechoic corners formed by surface acoustic waves (2018)

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) generated in a piezoelectric substrate couple with a liquid according to Snell's law such that a compressional acoustic wave propagates obliquely at a Rayleigh angle (θt) inside the microchannel to form a region devoid of a direct acoustic field, which is termed a microchannel anechoic corner (MAC). In the present study, we used microchannels with various heights and widths to characterize the width of the MAC region formed by a single travelling SAW. The attenuation of high-frequency SAWs produced a strong acoustic streaming flow that moved the particles in and out of the MAC region, whereas reflections of the acoustic waves within the microchannel resulted in standing acoustic waves that trapped particles at acoustic pressure nodes located within or outside of the MAC region. A range of actuation frequencies and particle diameters were used to investigate the effects of the acoustic streaming flow and the direct acoustic radiation forces by the travelling as well as standing waves on the particle motion with respect to the MAC region. The width of the MAC (wc), measured experimentally by tracing the particles, increased with the height of the microchannel (hm) according to a simple trigonometric equation wc=hm×tan(θt).
Arginine-vasopressin marker copeptin is a sensitive plasma surrogate of hypoxic exposure (2014)

Plasma copeptin is a sensitive marker of acute (5 minutes) exposure to severe hypoxia, and subsequent regulation can indicate recovery. Copeptin levels can therefore reflect clinical and physiological changes in response to hypoxia and indicate recovery from ongoing hypoxic exposure.
Transmitarray Design With Enhanced Aperture Efficiency Using Small Frequency Selective Surface Cells and Discrete Jones Matrix Analysis (2018)

We present a four-layer transmitarray antenna using small and dense frequency selective surface (FSS) cells and a horn antenna operated in a Ku band satellite downlink (10.7 to 12.75 GHz in Europe). The FSS offers a full transmission phase range of 360° and low loss between the incident and the transmitted waves: the magnitudes of the transmitted waves were equal to or better than -3.5 dB for incident transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves up to 30° in oblique angle. The transmitarray was fabricated using FR-4 boards with a loss tangent of about 0.02. FR-4 boards with lower loss tangents at the operating Ku band were not used because of the requirement for low cost. We also present the design of the horn antenna used to illuminate the transmitarray. The design applies discrete Jones matrix analysis; the final full transmitarray (333 unit cells) with the horn antenna were co-simulated using a full-wave simulation tool. The measured and simulation results are in excellent agreement. With a cell pitch of 0.39 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> , the transmitarray achieves a dynamic range of 20 dB. The measured gain of the transmitarray prototype is 26.2 dB at a center frequency of 11.7 GHz, resulting in an aperture efficiency of about 62%. The measured results were achieved with a very small transmitarray (backpack-fit versus truck-carried). The -1 dB gain bandwidth of the transmitarray antenna is 12.6% at the center frequency (11.7 GHz).
Electronic Properties of Carbon Fibers Intercalated with Copper Chloride (1984)

Copper chloride intercalated pitch-based carbon fibers are found to have electrical resistivities as low as 12.9 micro-ohm-cm, and are air, and thermally stable at and above room temperature. This is therefore a good candidate system for conductor application. In addition, we find Shubnikov-deHaas quantum oscillatory effects, and electronic properties of the intercalated fiber are studied using magnetic fields to 20 tesla.
Shear wave tracking: open chest versus closed chest (2016)

This paper describes an in-vivo pilot study in which the systolic myocardial stiffness of four pigs was measured with various acoustic techniques. We compare the propagation velocity of shear waves in open chest and closed chest experiments, in which the open-chest shear wave was either physiologically induced by aortic valve closure (N=3), or externally induced by acoustic-radiation force (N=1). The results of closed-chest versus open-chest recordings are consistent within 1 unit of standard error, whereas the acoustic-radiation force measurement showed lowest standard deviation (7% versus 13%).
New iridoid derivatives from table olives cv Throuba Thassos and olive mill waste waters (2008)

Through a phytochemical screening of ten commercially available types of Greek table olives, a variety of naturally black dry salted olives cv. Throuba Thassos was found to be comparatively a very rich source of polyphenols and iridoid derivatives. Subsequent extensive phytochemical study of the methanolic extract led to the isolation of 16 natural products identified by NMR and MS spectroscopy. Among them, a macrocyclic analogue of oleuropein, named Fraxamoside B (1) and 2-[5-eth-(E)-ylidene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyranyl-4] acrylic acid methyl ester (oleone) (2) are new natural products [1]. Cornoside, 4-O glycoside of hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein along with (5-ethylidene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyranyl-4) acetic acid (lactone), 2-(5 -ethylidene-2-oxo-tetrahydro-pyranyl-4) acetic acid methyl ester (3), 3-methoxy tyrosol, are products that have not been reported in edible olives [2]. The known compounds hydroxytyrosol, tyrosol, glycoside of tyrosol, 11-oleoside methylester, ligstroside, catechol, oleanolic and maslinic acid were also isolated. Compounds 2 and 3 were also isolated from olive mill waste water (OMWW) treated with XAD resins [3]. From the same source one more compound named oleolactone (4) was for the first time isolated as a natural product.
Advanced Intersection Management System: Intelligent Traffic Control at Intersections without Traffic Lights (2013)

Unsignalized intersections have posed significant threats to driving safety. Based on advanced wireless technologies, e.g., WAVE/DSRC, this paper introduces an advanced intersection manager acting like a virtual traffic arbitrator to coordinate the right-of-way among vehicles approaching an unsignalized intersection, thereby achieving a cost-effective solution to address the issue other than installing traffic signals or improved geometric design.
BGP Prefix Origin Validation State Extended Community (2017)

This document defines a new BGP opaque extended community to carry the
origination Autonomous System (AS) validation state inside an
autonomous system. Internal BGP (IBGP) speakers that receive this
validation state can configure local policies that allow it to
influence their decision process.
<title>Evaluation of negative DUV resist UVN30 for electron-beam exposure of NGL masks</title> (2000)

A negative tone, chemically amplified deep ultraviolet resist, Shipley<SUP>R</SUP> UVN30, has been evaluated for use in NGL mask fabrication and direct write applications. This resist displayed excellent exposure latitude and resolution for both dense and isolated features. At optimum conditions 50 nm isolated lines and 60 nm dense lines resolved in a 300 nm thick film. Exposure dose latitude was 32%. Resist coat shelf life tests produced CD variations of 5 nm after 1 week and 10 nm after 3 months. A 66 hour post exposure bake delay in vacuum produced a 9 nm CD variation. PEB temperature sensitivity was 3 nm per degree Celsius. By selecting appropriate process conditions exposure latitude and resolution were optimized while decreasing linearity and line edge roughness performance. This paper reviews the test conditions for performing the optimization experiments and discuses the potential of using this resist for both advanced mask fabrication and direct write application.
Dynamic Responses in Retinal Vessel Caliber With Flicker Light Stimulation and Risk of Diabetic Retinopathy and Its Progression (2017)

Reduced retinal arteriolar and venular dilatory responses to flickering light are associated with risk of DR progression at 1 year in adult patients with diabetes.
Contact task with an unknown inclined plane (2007)

In recent years, intelligent robots that work automatically have become required. Conventional robots have been used in specific environments, but these new robots are going to be used in universal environments that are not constant. For that reason, in this study, we attach two visual sensors, which are CCD cameras, and one force sensor to a robot to provide information on the outside environment. The robot execute contact task, for example, wiping windows, the robot manipulator perpendicularly and flexibly contacts the environment. For perpendicular contact, it is necessary to detect the angle of the plane and for flexible contact, it is essential to utilize a universal force controller. In this paper, we propose two newly developed methods. One is the angle detection of the inclined plane by perspective, and the second is the universal force controller that contains of variable stiffness impedance controller and sliding mode controller. Angle detection and contact task were carried out using the proposed control system and the practicability of this method was verified.
Mono‐ and bi‐phasic Salmonella typhi: genetic homogeneity and distinguishing characteristics (1992)

Several lines of evidence indicate a relatively low genetic heterogeneity in the natural Salmonella typhi population. However, some S. typhi isolates found in Indonesia express, instead of the usual fliC-d flagellin gene, a different flagellar gene fliC-j. In addition, Indonesian strains may have a second flagellar antigen fliC-z66. We have previously suggested, on the basis of the flagellar antigen constitution, that S. typhi evolved in an isolated human population in Indonesia. In order to test this hypothesis, we have gathered S. typhi isolates from around the world and tested the genetic heterogeneity among them. In general, polymorphism was greater in isolates from the Far East, as was indicated by Southern hybridizations with rDNA and fliC DNA probes. Gene fliC-j was not found in S. typhi isolates, other than those from Indonesia. However, the one-clone origin of S. typhi was indicated by a common DNA fingerprint pattern and by the occurrence, in the 5' end region of the fliC gene, of 10 scattered nucleotides that differ from the corresponding 10 nucleotides in other fliC alleles studied. These nucleotides were present in all isolates tested but did not change the amino acid sequence of the flagellin polypeptide.