gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primed Innate Immune Responses in Monocytes from Kenyan Children with Uncomplicated Falciparum Malaria (2017)

Monocytes are innate immune cells that play a key role in host protection and pathogenesis during malaria. We sought to determine whether uncomplicated falciparum malaria in children modulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) responsiveness in monocytes. Freshly isolated monocytes were obtained from 8 children in western Kenya at presentation with acute uncomplicated malaria and 6 weeks following treatment and from 4 malaria-naïve North Americans (NAM). Monocytes were cultured for 18 hours with media alone, a TLR4 agonist (LPS), or a TLR2/TLR1 agonist (Pam3CSK4). Supernatant cytokine concentrations were measured using a magnetic bead-based immunoassay. Genomic DNA was isolated from monocytes from the same 8 acute-recovery pairs for DNA methylation analysis using the MethylationEPIC array. Monocyte gene expression profiles were analyzed in another 6 acute-recovery pairs and 5 NAM using a targeted digital RNA sequencing panel. Both acute and recovery monocytes showed robust and equivalent responses to LPS and Pam3CSK4, with markedly increased production over media alone of IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, and TNF (Friedman test P < 0.05). Compared with NAM, acute and recovery monocytes showed greater magnitude of responses to LPS and Pam3CSK4, especially for IL-6, IL-12p40, and TNF (Kruskal–Wallis test P < 0.05). Monocyte gene expression for the cytokines IL-1-alpha, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF was not different between acute and recovery, though these genes were significantly overexpressed in acute and recovery monocytes compared with NAM (FDR adjusted P < 0.0001). DNA methylation analysis showed significant differential methylation in acute vs. recovery monocytes in the promoter regions for IL1A, IL1R1, IL10, CXCR5, and CCR5 (FDR adjusted P < 0.05). These data suggest that uncomplicated malaria in children has a priming effect on innate immune responses that is maintained several weeks after clinical recovery, which may be mediated in part by epigenetic changes such as altered DNA methylation patterns. All authors: No reported disclosures.
Thermal Properties of Schottky Barrier Diode on AlGaN/GaN Heterostructures on Chemical Vapor Deposition Diamond (2019)

High electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) and Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) based on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure have been widely studied for high-frequency and/or high-power application. Widely distributed substrates for the high performance of RF applications are presently AlGaN/GaN on SiC, and those for high power performance are AlGaN/GaN on Si. Because the thermal conductivity of CVD diamond substrates is as high as 12 W/cm · K, devices on AlGaN/GaN on CVD diamond are one of the excellent alternatives for power and RF applications. In comparison, the thermal conductivity of AlGaN/GaN on SiC is 4.9 W/cm K, and that of AlGaN/GaN on Si is 1.3 W/cm · K. In this work, we report the fabrication of SBD devices with 163.8 mm Schottky channel length. We also compared the thermal properties of the fabricated large scale SBD devices on different substrates.
Polarization dependence of diffuse terahertz radiation (2004)

We measure the polarization of diffusively propagating single-cycle terahertz pulses in a random medium. Coherent detection allows us to observe the temporal dependence of the two different polarization orientations.
Study on hydrogenation of polysilicon thin film transistors by ion implantation (1995)

Hydrogenation of polysilicon (poly-Si) thin film transistors (TFT's) by ion implantation has been systematically studied. Poly-Si TFT performance was dramatically improved by hydrogen ion implantation followed by a forming gas anneal (FGA). The threshold voltage, channel mobility, subthreshold swing, leakage current, and ON/OFF current ratio have been studied as functions of ion implantation dose and FGA temperature. Under the optimized conditions (H/sup +/ dose of 5/spl times/10/sup 15/ cm/sup -2/ and FGA temperature at 375/spl deg/C), NMOS poly-Si TFT's fabricated by a low temperature 600/spl deg/C process have a mobility of /spl sim/27 cm /sup 2//V/spl middot/s, a threshold voltage of /spl sim/2 V, a subthreshold swing of /spl sim/0.9 V/decade, and an OFF-state leakage current of /spl sim/7 pA//spl mu/m at V/sub DS/=10 V. The avalanche induced kink effect was found to be reduced after hydrogenation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Bollworm and Boll Weevil Control, 1984 (1985)

Abstract Cotton was planted 2 Mar on 40-inch rows at the Texas A&amp;M Research and Extension Center, Weslaco, TX. Soil type was an Hidalgo sandy clay loam. Plots were 50 ft long by 2 rows wide and bordered by 1 row of forage sorghum. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 5 replications. Treatments were applied through a C02-powered boom mounted on a high-clearance sprayer at a rate of 5.5 gal/acre (4 mph, 45 psi, 5 TX4 hollow-cone nozzles/plot). Plots were sprayed on 12, 19, 22, 25 &amp; 28 Jun and 2 &amp; Jul. Insect populations were monitored weekly with drop cloth samples (1 sample/plot). Plant damage was monitored with fruit counts from 1 meter-row areas (1 sample/plot). Yield was determined by collecting 3 one-meter row samples of seed cotton per plot.
Physical Activity, Television Viewing Time, and Retinal Microvascular Caliber: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2011)

Physical activities and sedentary behaviors are 2 broad classes of behavior that may be clearly distinguished from each other and have different patterns of determinants. The authors examined the associations of physical activity and television viewing time with retinal vascular caliber among US adults (n = 5,893) from 4 racial/ethnic groups in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2002-2004) that included non-Hispanic whites, blacks, Hispanics, and Chinese. Physical activity and television viewing time were assessed by using a questionnaire, and vascular calibers (arteriolar and venular) were measured from digital retinal photographs. Those in the lowest quartile of physical activity had wider retinal venular caliber compared with those in the highest quartile in multivariate models adjusted for demographic, cardiovascular, behavioral, and inflammatory risk factors. This was noted in non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics but not in blacks or Chinese. For television viewing time, non-Hispanic whites (but not the other racial/ethnic groups) who were in the highest quartile of television viewing time had wider retinal venular caliber compared with those in the lowest quartile. No associations were noted with arteriolar caliber. Lower levels of physical activity (among non-Hispanic whites and Hispanics) and higher levels of television viewing time (among whites) are associated with wider retinal venules.
Method and system to synchronize acoustic therapy with ultrasound imaging (2010)

Interference in ultrasound imaging when used in connection with high intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is avoided by employing a synchronization signal to control the HIFU signal. Unless the timing of the HIFU transducer is controlled, its output will substantially overwhelm the signal produced by ultrasound imaging system and obscure the image it produces. The synchronization signal employed to control the HIFU transducer is obtained without requiring modification of the ultrasound imaging system. Signals corresponding to scattered ultrasound imaging waves are collected using either the HIFU transducer or a dedicated receiver. A synchronization processor manipulates the scattered ultrasound imaging signals to achieve the synchronization signal, which is then used to control the HIFU bursts so as to substantially reduce or eliminate HIFU interference in the ultrasound image. The synchronization processor can alternatively be implemented using a computing device or an application-specific circuit.
Risk factors forEscherichia coliO157 on beef cattle ranches located near a major produce production region (2014)

Our goal was to identify climate variables and management practices associated with the presence of E. coli O157 in rangeland cow-calf operations located in a major leafy green production region in the California Central Coast. E. coli O157 was present in 2·6% (68/2654) of faecal, 1·5% (3/204) of water and 1·1% (1/93) of sediment samples collected on eight ranches over 2.5 years. Five (62·5%) ranches were positive at least once during the study. The odds of detecting E. coli O157 in faecal samples was higher during periods of higher maximum soil temperature, higher maximum relative humidity, and larger herd sizes, but decreased as wind speed increased. Molecular subtyping of isolates from cattle faeces and streams/sediments suggested minimal movement of strains between ranches. The findings suggest that E. coli O157 prevalence is relatively low on cow-calf ranches in this region, spatially constrained, but may vary by weather conditions and herd size.
Expression and Purification of Recombinant Streptavidin-Containing Chimeric Proteins (2003)

Streptavidin, a protein produced by Streptomyces avidinii, binds a water-soluble vitamin, D-biotin (vitamin H), with remarkably high affinity (1,2). The dissociation constant of the streptavidin-biotin complex is approx 10−15 M; the binding of streptavidin to biotin is one of the strongest noncovalent interactions found in biological systems. The extremely tight and specific biotin-binding ability of streptavidin has made this protein a very powerful biological tool for a variety of biological and biomedical analyses (3,4). The ability of biotin to be incorporated easily into various biological materials has also expanded the application of the streptavidin-biotin technology to a wider range of biological systems.
SenseWeb: Browsing the Physical World in Real Time (Demo Abstract) (2006)

Geo-centric web interface such as MSN Virtual Earth (http://local.live.com) and Google Maps (http://maps.google.com) are useful to visualize spatially and geographically related data such as addresses, neighborhoods, weather, traffic, and so on. Desires to augment additional useful information to these interfaces have led people to create custom applications that overlay their own data on top of browsable maps. Examples of such applications overlay housing information (http://www.housingmaps.com) and crime-rate data (http://www.chicagocrime.org/map/) on Google maps, locations of vehicles (http://jprestonsystems.2mydns.com/ vemap.aspx?name=demoacct2) and podcasters (http://www.podlook.com/map.aspx) on MSN Virtual Earth, weather data on custom maps (http://www.wunderground.com), etc. Such applications have been possible after Google Maps and MSN Virtual Earth have published useful APIs to overlay location data on their maps.
Development of Novel 191Pt-Labeled Hoechst33258: 191Pt Is More Suitable than 111In for Targeting DNA (2022)

This study aims to establish new labeling methods for no-carrier-added radio-Pt (<sup>191</sup>Pt) and to evaluate the in vitro properties of <sup>191</sup>Pt-labeled agents compared with those of agents labeled with the common emitter <sup>111</sup>In. <sup>191</sup>Pt was complexed with the DNA-targeting dye Hoechst33258 via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine (Cys). The intranuclear fractions of <sup>191</sup>Pt- and <sup>111</sup>In-labeled Hoechst33258 were comparable, indicating that the labeling for <sup>191</sup>Pt via DTPA or Cys and the labeling for <sup>111</sup>In via DTPA worked equally well. <sup>191</sup>Pt showed a DNA-binding/cellular uptake ratio of more than 1 order of magnitude greater than that of <sup>111</sup>In. [<sup>191</sup>Pt]Pt-Hoechst33258 labeled via Cys showed a higher cellular uptake than that labeled via DTPA, resulting in a very high DNA-binding fraction of [<sup>191</sup>Pt]Pt-Cys-Hoechst33258 and extensive DNA damage. Our labeling methods of radio-Pt, especially via Cys, promote the development of radio-Pt-based agents for use in Auger electron therapy targeting DNA.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED PROCEDURE FOR THE BLAISE REACTION: A SHORT, PRACTICAL ROUTE TO THE KEY INTERMEDIATES OF THE SAXITOXIN SYNTHESIS (1984)

Abstract α‐Brom‐carbonsäureester (I) reagieren in Gegenwart von Zink mit den Nitrilen (II) zu den Enaminen (III), die zu den Ketoestern (IV) verseift werden.
Broadband and low‐profile Yagi–Uda antenna composed of inverted‐F and inverted‐L shaped elements (2001)

Abstract A broadband Yagi–Uda antenna composed of an excited inverted‐F element and two parasitic inverter‐L elements, which is used for the antennas of the SSR (secondary surveillance radar) and equipped on an airplane, is proposed. By locating a director close to the excited inverted‐F element, such as about 0.05λ 0 for the array space between these elements, an antenna having a performance of the bandwidth of 18.8% and unidirectional pattern in this bandwidth is obtained with a total dimension of about 0.1λ 0 (height) × 0.4λ 0 (length). The validity of the calculated values is experimentally confirmed. © 2001 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 85(1): 43–48, 2002
Palladium Oxidative Addition Complexes for Peptide and Protein Cross-linking (2018)

A new method for cysteine-lysine cross-linking in peptides and proteins using palladium oxidative addition complexes is presented. First, a biarylphosphine-supported palladium reagent is used to transfer an aryl group bearing an O-phenyl carbamate substituent to a cysteine residue. Next, this carbamate undergoes chemoselective acyl substitution by a proximal lysine to form a cross-link. The linkage so formed is stable toward acid, base, oxygen, and external thiol nucleophiles. This method was applied to cross-link cysteine with nearby lysines in sortase A*. Furthermore, we used this method for the intermolecular cross-linking between a peptide and a protein based on the p53-MDM2 interaction. These studies demonstrate the potential for palladium-mediated methods to serve as a platform for the development of future cross-linking techniques for peptides and proteins with natural amino acid residues.
Survey on device-to-device communications: Challenges and design issues (2014)

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications has been proposed to cellular networks in order to optimize spectrum efficiency and resources utilization. In D2D-assisted networks, the traditional cellular communication techniques are not applicable but rather need to be redesigned to fulfill new requirements. Therefore, new communication techniques are proposed to take the advantages of the D2D connectivity in the network. In this paper, we describe the concept of D2D communications. Then, we review the main challenges and design issues of D2D-assisted networks. This survey focuses on cooperative communications in D2D-assisted networks and addresses challenges which limit the performance of the cooperative D2D-assisted networks such as relay selection, power consumption and multi-casting. Moreover, design issues and approaches to overcome these limitations are explained.
Gap-plasmon enhanced water splitting with ultrathin hematite films: the role of plasmonic-based light trapping and hot electrons (2018)

Hydrogen is a promising alternative renewable fuel for meeting the growing energy demands of the world. Over the past few decades, photoelectrochemical water splitting has been widely studied as a viable technology for the production of hydrogen utilizing solar energy. A solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of 10% is considered to be sufficient for practical applications. Amongst the wide class of semiconductors that have been studied for their application in solar water splitting, iron oxide (α-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), or hematite, is one of the more promising candidate materials, with a theoretical STH efficiency of 15%. In this work, we show experimentally that by utilizing gold nanostructures that support gap-plasmon resonances together with a hematite layer, we can increase the water oxidation photocurrent by two times over that demonstrated by a bare hematite film at wavelengths above the hematite bandgap. Moreover, we achieve a six-fold increase in the oxidation photocurrent at near-infrared wavelengths, which is attributed to hot electron generation and decay in the gap-plasmon nanostructures. Theoretical simulations confirmed that the metamaterial geometry with gap plasmons that was used allows us to confine electromagnetic fields inside the hematite semiconductor and to enhance the surface photochemistry.
A Novel Test Equipment for Resonant Circuits Used in High Input Voltage Soft-Switching Type Power Conversion Systems (2000)

Recently, the soft-switching techniques have been gradually introduced into dc-ac inverters and dc-dc converters. The resonance phenomena generated by the inductor and capacitor are usually employed to achieve the soft-switching of main power switches and diodes in these power conversion circuits. In this paper, the novel test equipment for resonant circuits is proposed and analysed, which enables us to examine the perfor-mance characteristics of the inductor and capacitor in the high voltage resonant circuit by using the relatively low voltage power supply.
Endoplasmic Reticulum-associated Degradation of Mammalian Glycoproteins Involves Sugar Chain Trimming to Man6–5GlcNAc2 (2003)

Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation of misfolded or misprocessed glycoproteins in mammalian cells is prevented by inhibitors of class I alpha-mannosidases implicating mannose trimming from the precursor oligosaccharide Glc3Man9GlcNAc2 as an essential step in this pathway. However, the extent of mannose removal has not been determined. We show here that glycoproteins subject to endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation undergo reglucosylation, deglucosylation, and mannose trimming to yield Man6GlcNAc2 and Man5GlcNAc2. These structures lack the mannose residue that is the acceptor of glucose transferred by UDP-Glc:glycoprotein glucosyltransferase. This could serve as a mechanism for removal of the glycoproteins from folding attempts catalyzed by cycles of reglucosylation and calnexin/calreticulin binding and result in targeting of these molecules for proteasomal degradation.
Effective Induction of Cell Death on Adult T-Cell Leukaemia Cells by HLA-DR -Specific Small Antibody Fragment Isolated from Human Antibody Phage Library (2009)

By a biopanning method using cell sorter, we quickly isolated an antibody phage clone (S1T-A3) specific to human T-lymphotropic virus type 1-carrying T-cell line S1T from a human single chain Fv (scFv) antibody phage library. This scFv antibody bound to HTLV-1-carrying T-cell lines including MT-2, MT-4 and M8166 other than S1T, but not to non-HTLV-1-carrying T-cell lymphomas such as Jurkat and MOLT4 cells. Interestingly, this antibody induced the cell death on S1T cells very quickly (< 30 min). We tried to identify the target molecules by western blotting and mass spectrometric analysis, revealing that the target antigen was HLA class II DR. The cell death was induced only in dimmer form of scFv (diabody) and at 15-fold lower concentration than that of a fusion protein of scFv and human IgG Fc [(scFv)(2)-Fc] or anti HLA-DR mouse whole antibody L243. Thus, S1T-A3 diabody is a small antibody fragment with agonistic activity to induce cell death through HLA-DR. This is the first report elucidating that diabody specific to HLA-DR is effective to induce the cell death in T-cell malignancy especially adult T-cell leukaemic cell line.
BASIC—LIVER, PANCREAS, AND BILIARY TRACT Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Microbial Translocation and Progression of Hepatitis C (2008)

Background & Aims: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection has been associated with enhanced microbial translocation, and microbial translocation is a mechanism through which alcohol and some enteric conditions cause liver disease. We hypothesized that HIV promotes liver disease by enhancing microbial translocation. Methods: We studied human cohorts in which hepatitis C virus (HCV) and HIV outcomes were carefully characterized. Results: HIV-related CD4 lymphocyte depletion was strongly associated with microbial translocation as indicated by elevated levels of circulating lipopolysaccharide (LPS), LPS-binding protein, soluble CD14, and fucose-binding lectin (AAL) reactive to immunoglobulin G specific for the -galactose epitope and suppressed levels of endotoxin core antibodies (EndoCAb IgM) in HIV-infected subjects compared with the same persons before they had HIV infection and compared with HIV-uninfected subjects. The same measures of microbial translocation were strongly associated with HCV-related liver disease progression (cirrhosis), eg, LPS, odds ratio, 19.0 (P .002); AAL, odds ratio, 27.8 (P < .0001); in addition, levels of LPS were elevated prior to recognition of cirrhosis. Conclusions: Microbial translocation may be a fundamental mechanism through which HIV accelerates progression of chronic liver disease.
REEL: Reducing effective execution latency of floating point operations (2013)

The height of the dynamic dependence graph of a program, as executed by a processor, determines the minimum bound on the execution time. This height can be decreased by reducing the effective execution latency of operations that form dependence chains in the graph. In this paper, we propose a technique called REEL to reduce overall latency of chains of dependent floating point (FP) operations by increasing the throughput of computation. REEL comprises of a high-throughput floating point unit (HFP) that allows early issue of an FP Add that is dependent on another FP Add or FP Multiply. This is complemented by instruction scheduler modifications that allow early issue of dependent FP Adds, and a novel checker logic that corrects any precision errors. Unlike conventional static operation fusion, like fused Multiply-Add (FMA), there are no changes to the instruction set to enable utilization of the new hardware, and no recompilation is necessary. Furthermore, unlike ISA-level FMA, our technique produces results that are bit compatible while boosting performance of Add-Add dependence pairs in addition to Multiply-Add pairs. Our evaluation of REEL using CFP2006 benchmarks shows an average performance gain of 7.6% and maximum performance gain of 17% while consuming 1.2% lower energy.
Glass-blown Pyrex resonator with compensating Ti coating for reduction of TCF (2014)

This paper demonstrates that the Thermal Coefficient of resonant Frequency (TCF) of a micro glass-blown Pyrex spherical resonator can be substantially reduced by the application of a titanium (Ti) coating. Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) is used to demonstrate that the temperature dependence of the Young's modulus of the shell material is the dominant parameter affecting the TCF of the resonator, clearly suggesting the use of a metallic compensating layer. Experimental characterization demonstrates that the TCF of a Pyrex glass-blown resonator is reduced by 70% (from 73 ppm/°C to 24 ppm/°C) by the application of a 1.33 μm thick layer of Ti. It is predicted by FEM that for a Ti layer thickness on the order of 2.5 μm the TCF will fall below 10 ppm an acceptable value for high performance resonators. This investigation is a step forward in the quest to employ the desirable properties of micro-blown resonators, such as high symmetry, manufacturing tolerances and environmental robustness.
Supplementary Table 1 from Very Long-term Survival Following Resection for Pancreatic Cancer Is Not Explained by Commonly Mutated Genes: Results of Whole-Exome Sequencing Analysis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Summary of exome sequencing data for VLTSs&lt;/p&gt;