gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Analytical Properties of High-Dimensional Randomization (2013)

In this paper, we will provide the first comprehensive analysis of high-dimensional randomization. The goal is to examine the strengths and weaknesses of randomization and explore both the potential and the pitfalls of high-dimensional randomization. Our theoretical analysis results in a number of interesting and insightful conclusions. 1) The privacy effects of randomization reduce rapidly with increasing dimensionality. 2) The properties of the underlying data set can affect the anonymity level of the randomization method. For example, natural properties of real data sets such as clustering improve the effectiveness of randomization. On the other hand, variations in data density of nonempty data localities and outliers create privacy preservation challenges for the randomization method. 3) The use of a public information-sensitive attack method makes the choice of perturbing distribution more critical than previously thought. In particular, Gaussian perturbations are significantly more effective than uniformly distributed perturbations for the high dimensional case. These insights are very useful for future research and design of the randomization method. We use the insights gained from our analysis to discuss and suggest future research directions for improvements and extensions of the randomization method.
Palladium-Mediated Incorporation of Carboranes into Small Molecules, Peptides, and Proteins (2022)

Carboranes represent a class of compounds with increasing therapeutic potential. However, few general approaches to readily embed carboranes into small molecules, peptides, and proteins are available. We report a strategy based on palladium-mediated C–X (X = C, S, and N) bond formation for the installation of carborane-containing moieties onto small molecules and peptides. We demonstrate the ability of Pd-based reagents with appropriate ligands to overcome the high hydrophobicity of the carborane group and enable chemoselective conjugation of cysteine residues at room temperature in aqueous buffer. Accordingly, carboranes can be efficiently installed on proteins by employing a combination of a bis-sulfonated biarylphosphine-ligated Pd reagent in an aqueous histidine buffer. This method is successfully employed on nanobodies, a fully synthetic affibody, and the antibody therapeutics trastuzumab and cetuximab. The conjugates of the affibody ZHER2 and the trastuzumab antibody retained binding to their target antigens. Conjugated proteins maintain their activity in cell-based functional assays in HER2-positive BT-474 cell lines. This approach enables the rapid incorporation of carborane moieties into small molecules, peptides, and proteins for further exploration in boron neutron capture therapy, which requires the targeted delivery of boron-dense groups.
The Relationship Between Left Ventricular Wall Thickness, Myocardial Shortening, and Ejection Fraction in Hypertensive Heart Disease: Insights From Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2016)

Hypertensive heart disease is often associated with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction despite impaired myocardial shortening. The authors investigated this paradox in 55 hypertensive patients (52±13 years, 58% male) and 32 age- and sex-matched normotensive control patients (49±11 years, 56% male) who underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5T. Long-axis shortening (R=0.62), midwall fractional shortening (R=0.68), and radial strain (R=0.48) all decreased (P<.001) as end-diastolic wall thickness increased. However, absolute wall thickening (defined as end-systolic minus end-diastolic wall thickness) was maintained, despite the reduced myocardial shortening. Absolute wall thickening correlated with ejection fraction (R=0.70, P<.0001). In multiple linear regression analysis, increasing wall thickness by 1 mm independently increased ejection fraction by 3.43 percentage points (adjusted β-coefficient: 3.43 [2.60-4.26], P<.0001). Increasing end-diastolic wall thickness augments ejection fraction through preservation of absolute wall thickening. Left ventricular ejection fraction should not be used in patients with hypertensive heart disease without correction for degree of hypertrophy.
Cow’s milk allergy: From allergens to new forms of diagnosis, therapy and prevention (2013)

The first adverse reactions to cow's milk were already described 2,000 years ago. However, it was only 50 years ago that several groups started with the analysis of cow's milk allergens. Meanwhile the spectrum of allergy eliciting proteins within cow's milk is identified and several cow's milk allergens have been characterized regarding their biochemical properties, fold and IgE binding epitopes. The diagnosis of cow's milk allergy is diverse ranging from fast and cheap in vitro assays to elaborate in vivo assays. Considerable effort was spent to improve the diagnosis from an extract-based into a component resolved concept. There is still no suitable therapy available against cow's milk allergy except avoidance. Therefore research needs to focus on the development of suitable and safe immunotherapies that do not elicit severe side effect.
Preclinical Basis for Use of NT2N Cells in Neural Transplantation Therapy (2003)

This chapter will review laboratory experiments using human neuroteratocarcinoma cells (hNT cells, also called NT2N cells and LBS neurons) in animal models of neurological disorders. Because NT2N cells are originally derived from adult human cancerous tumors engineered to become neuron-like cells, their use for transplantation therapy eliminates logistical problems associated with the use of fetal and embryonic stem cells. This chapter will focus on functional recovery in stroke animals that received NT2N cell grafts. In light of recent studies demonstrating expression of trophic factors by NT2N cells, such trophic factor property of the cells is presented here as a plausible mechanism underlying the behavioral effects of transplanted NT2N cells. An overview on the clinical report of NT2N cell grafts in stroke patients will also be provided.
Unesbulin – a Novel Anti-tubulin Cancer Therapeutic (2021)

Unesbulin (also known as PTC596) is novel tubulin binding drug being developed for the treatment of cancers. The drug binds to the tubulin colchicine binding site to block tumor growth by inhibiting microtubular formation leading to mitotic G2/M phase cell arrest and cell death. Importantly, in contrast to the majority of other tubulin binding compounds, unesbulin is not a substrate for p-glycoprotein transporter and can be administered orally as a tablet
Local superconductivity in ultrathin Sn films (1985)

The thickness dependence of superconductivity has been investigated in ultrathin Sn films near the threshold for normal-state conduction. An evolution from insulating to metallic superconducting behavior is observed with increasing thickness and decreasing sheet resistance. A striking feature of the data is the observation of quasireentrant superconductivity which may be a consequence of the existence of local rather than global superconducting order.
Notes on Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) (2021)

This note is intended as a brief introduction to the theory and practice of perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundaries for wave equations, originally developed for MIT courses 18.369 and 18.336. It focuses on the complex stretched-coordinate viewpoint, and also discusses the limitations of PML.
CRED9: a differentially expressed elncRNA regulates expression of transcription factor CEBPA (2021)

Enhancer RNAs (eRNA) are noncoding transcripts produced from active enhancers and have potential gene regulatory function. CCAAT enhancer-binding protein alpha (CEBPA) is a transcription factor generally involved in metabolism, cell cycle inhibition, hematopoiesis, adipogenesis, hepatogenesis, and is associated with tumorigenesis. In this study, we demonstrate that an enhancer-associated long noncoding RNA (elncRNA), transcribed from an enhancer located 9 kb downstream from the transcriptional start site (TSS) of CEBPA, positively regulates the expression of CEBPA. As a result, we named this elncRNA "CEBPA regulatory elncRNA downstream 9 kb" or "CRED9." CRED9 expression level positively correlates with CEBPA mRNA expression across multiple cell lines as detected by RT droplet digital PCR. Knockdown of CRED9 resulted in a reduction of CEBPA mRNA expression in Hep3B cells. Additionally, CRED9 knockdown in Hep3B and HepG2 cells resulted in lower CEBPA protein expression. We also found that knockdown of CRED9 in Hep3B cells caused a 57.8% reduction in H3K27ac levels at the +9 kb <i>CEBPA</i> enhancer. H3K27ac has previously been described as a marker of active enhancers. Taken together, the evidence presented here supports a previously proposed model whereby, in some contexts, eRNA transcripts are necessary to amplify and maintain H3K27ac levels at a given enhancer. Ultimately, this study adds to the growing body of evidence that elncRNA transcripts have important roles in enhancer function and gene regulation.
A Digitally Controlled Fully Integrated Voltage Regulator With 3-D-TSV-Based On-Die Solenoid Inductor With a Planar Magnetic Core for 3-D-Stacked Die Applications in 14-nm Tri-Gate CMOS (2017)

A fully integrated digitally controlled buck voltage regulator, featuring hysteretic and pulse frequency modulation control for maximum light load efficiency, with 3-D throughsilicon-via-based on-die solenoid inductor with a planar magnetic core in 14-nm tri-gate CMOS, demonstrates 111 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> inductance density and 80% conversion efficiency. The inductance density demonstrated is 20× higher than comparable on-die lateralor spiral-based inductor densities leading to higher light load efficiency.
Decontamination of Bacillus anthracis Spores: Evaluation of Various Disinfectants (2009)

The present study compares the efficacy of various disinfectants against Bacillus anthracis spores. While Bleach Rite(®) and 10% bleach reduce spore numbers by 90% within 10 minutes, a long contact time is required for complete disinfection. By contrast, although SporGon(®) did not initially reduce the number of spores as quickly as Bleach Rite or 10% bleach, shorter contact times were required for complete eradication of viable spores.
Templating Organosilicate Vitrification Using Unimolecular Self‐Organizing Polymers Prepared from Tandem Ring Opening and Atom Transfer Radical Polymerizations (2004)

Abstract A unimolecular templating star‐shaped polymer with a compatibilizing outer corona, prepared by tandem ROP/ATRP procedures, was dispersed into a thermosetting organosilicate. The organic polymer was thermalized to leave behind its latent image in the matrix with a pore size that reflected the size of the polymer molecule, and provided the expected reduction in dielectric constant.
Radioimmunodetection of Cancer: The Next Dimension (2008)

The prospects and problems of radioimmunodetection (RAID) are perhaps predicted by the experience with radiolabeled antibody therapy, or radioimmunotherapy. This chapter reviews the few RAID products approved in the United States, both from a historical perspective, as well as to emphasize that these need to be considered in their temporal setting. Once antibodies transverse the blood vessels into the tissue space, they generally bind with high affinity/avidity, which in turn determines their residence time in the tumor. In-hapten-peptide, tumor uptake reached similar levels, but tumor-nontumor ratios were significantly improved because the smaller construct also cleared from the normal tissues more efficiently. The bispecific antibody infusion could be performed by the patient’s oncologist, who would then coordinate this infusion with scheduling the injection of the radiolabeled hapten-peptide in a nuclear imaging facility. In medullary thyroid cancer, initial clinical results with a first-generation pretargeting method have shown evidence of improved survival.
Search for high-mass Wγ and Zγ resonances using hadronic W/Z boson decays from 139 fb−1 of pp collisions at $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A bstract A search for high-mass charged and neutral bosons decaying to Wγ and Zγ final states is presented in this paper. The analysis uses a data sample of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msqrt> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> </mml:msqrt> </mml:math> = 13 TeV proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb − 1 collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC Run 2 operation. The sensitivity of the search is determined using models of the production and decay of spin-1 charged bosons and spin-0/2 neutral bosons. The range of resonance masses explored extends from 1.0 TeV to 6.8 TeV. At these high resonance masses, it is beneficial to target the hadronic decays of the W and Z bosons because of their large branching fractions. The decay products of the high-momentum W/Z bosons are strongly collimated and boosted-boson tagging techniques are employed to improve the sensitivity. No evidence of a signal above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed, and upper limits on the production cross-sections of these bosons times their branching fractions to Wγ and Zγ are derived for various boson production models.
Supplementary Figure 3 from c-Src Modulates Estrogen-Induced Stress and Apoptosis in Estrogen-Deprived Breast Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 75K, 3A, The 4-OHT completely blocked E2-induced growth inhibition. MCF-7:5C cells were treated with vehicle (0.1% EtOH), E2 (10-9 mol/L), 4-OHT (10-6 mol/L), E2 (10-9 mol/L) plus 4-OHT(10-6 mol/L) respectively for 7 days. Cells were harvested and total DNA was determined using a DNA fluorescence quantitation kit. P&lt;0.001, ** compared with control. All the data shown were representative of at least three separate experiments with similar results. 3B, Classification of E2-induced apoptosis-related genes selected by RNA-seq in MCF-7:5C cells. MCF-7:5C cells were treated with different compounds as above for 72 hours. Cells were harvested in TRIzol for RNA-seq analysis as in Material and Methods.&lt;/p&gt;
On efficient channel estimation for underwater acoustic OFDM systems (2009)

Channel estimation algorithms for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) employed in underwater acoustic (UWA) channels are investigated. Due to the slow propagation speed of acoustic waves, the compression and dilation effect on the time domain waveform warrant explicit time-varying Doppler scale estimation and compensation. In UWA channels, the residual Doppler error after compensation can be highly correlated due to very slow variation in Doppler scaling. This paper proposes a spectrally efficient and high performance frequency domain pilot symbol assisted modulation (PSAM) channel estimation scheme that fully exploits not only the time and frequency correlation of the channel, but also the correlation in the residual Doppler. The scheme is extended to Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems which further improves spectral efficiency. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed channel estimation schemes and it is observed that the BER performance increases when the correlation in the residual Doppler is also exploited.
Eigenvalues of regular symmetric Hall-plates (2023)

I discuss uniform, isotropic, plane, singly connected, electrically linear, regular symmetric Hall-plates with an arbitrary number of N peripheral contacts exposed to a uniform perpendicular magnetic field of arbitrary strength. In practice, the regular symmetry is the most common one. If the Hall-plates are mapped conformally to the unit disk, regular symmetry means that all contacts are equally large and all contacts spacings are equally large, yet the contacts spacings may have a different size than the contacts. Such Hall-plates do not change when they are rotated by 360°/N. Their indefinite conductance matrices are circulant matrices, whose complex eigenvalues are computable in closed form. These eigenvalues are used to discuss the Hall-output voltage, the maximum noise-efficiency, and Van-der-Pauw's method for measuring sheet resistances. For practical use, I report simple approximations for Hall-plates with four contacts and 90° symmetry with popular shapes like disks, rectangles, octagons, squares, and Greek crosses with and without rounded corners.
A Hybrid of Computational Intelligence Techniques for Shape Analysis of Traffic Flow Curves (2015)

This paper highlights and validates the use of shape analysis using Mathematical Morphology tools as a means to develop meaningful clustering of historical data. Furthermore, through clustering more appropriate grouping can be accomplished that can result in the better parameterizations or estimation of models. This results in more effective prediction model development. Hence, in an effort to highlight this within the research herein, a Back-Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) is used to validate the classification achieved through the employment of Mathematical Morphology (MM) tools. Specifically, the Granulometric Size Distribution (GSD) is used to achieve clustering of daily traffic flow patterns based solely on their shape. To ascertain the significance of shape in traffic analysis, a comparative classification analysis of original data and GSD transformed data is carried out. The results demonstrate the significance of functional shape in traffic analysis. In addition, the results validate the need for clustering prior to prediction. It is determined that a span of two through four years of traffic data is found sufficient for training to produce satisfactory BPNN performance.
Iron Pnictide Superconductors: Discovery and Current Status (2011)

In general, oxides of representative metals are the most abundant and stable materials on earth, and they are also environmentally friendly. Although they are not believed to become electron-active materials, and although they have been used as ingredients in traditional materials such as cement, glass, and porcelain, only a few active functions have been found for them. In fact, college textbooks describe the materials listed above as typical insulators. However, a widely accepted view that “a transparent oxide cannot be a platform for electroactive materials” comes only from phenomenological observation. We think it possible to realize a variety of active functionalities in transparent oxides through appropriate approaches based on deep insight into the electronic structures of these oxides. Therefore, we have concentrated on material exploration and device application of transparent oxide semiconductors (TOSs).1
Verificatiom of synchronous realizability of interfaces from timing diagram specifications (2002)

We define the realizability of synchronous interface controllers where the specification of the communication is based on timing diagrams. A feasible maximum clock period is computed such that all timing constraints are satisfied. Our algorithm for finding the clock period is based on checking a property of the timing diagram that we call local consistency.
In VivoAnomalous Diffusion and Weak Ergodicity Breaking of Lipid Granules (2011)

Combining extensive single particle tracking microscopy data of endogenous lipid granules in living fission yeast cells with analytical results we show evidence for anomalous diffusion and weak ergodicity breaking. Namely we demonstrate that at short times the granules perform subdiffusion according to the laws of continuous time random walk theory. The associated violation of ergodicity leads to a characteristic turnover between two scaling regimes of the time averaged mean squared displacement. At longer times the granule motion is consistent with fractional Brownian motion.
Best Papers Awarded in 2019 and 2020 by <i>Materials Transactions</i> (2021)

This paper presents a current research trend based on the best papers awarded in 2019 and 2020 by Materials Transactions. The summary includes the 8 papers carefully selected from the articles in the research areas of materials physics, microstructures of materials, mechanics of materials, materials chemistry, materials processing, and engineering materials and their applications. Four out of the 8 best papers are those specially selected for young scientists who are the age of 35 or younger. Here, brief summary is given for the introduction of high quality papers published in Materials Transactions.
Reliability of Computing-In-Memory Concepts Based on Memristive Arrays (2022)

Memristive Computing-in-Memory (CIM) allows for very dense and fast parallel data processing. However, the correctness in logic computing is limited due to operation variability and inherent memristive device variability. We review the current situation of reliability studies in memristive CIM and propose a novel framework for estimating operation failures in CIM-concepts using VCM-ReRAM devices.
In Vitro and In Vivo Feasibility Study for a Portable VV-ECMO and ECCO2R System (2022)

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is an established rescue therapy for patients with chronic respiratory failure waiting for lung transplantation (LTx). The therapy inherent immobilization may result in fatigue, consecutive deteriorated prognosis, and even lost eligibility for transplantation. We conducted a feasibility study on a novel system designed for the deployment of a portable ECMO device, enabling the physical exercise of awake patients prior to LTx. The system comprises a novel oxygenator with a directly connected blood pump, a double-lumen cannula, gas blender and supply, as well as control and energy management. In vitro experiments included tests regarding performance, efficiency, and blood damage. A reduced system was tested in vivo for feasibility using a novel large animal model. Six anesthetized pigs were first positioned in supine position, followed by a 45° angle, simulating an upright position of the patients. We monitored performance and vital parameters. All in vitro experiments showed good performance for the respective subsystems and the integrated system. The acute in vivo trials of 8 h duration confirmed the results. The novel portable ECMO-system enables adequate oxygenation and decarboxylation sufficient for, e.g., the physical exercise of designated LTx-recipients. These results are promising and suggest further preclinical studies on safety and efficacy to facilitate translation into clinical application.
A steerable reflectarray antenna with mems controls (2004)

A reflectarray antenna in Ka-band is currently developed under the French research project ARRESAT. Reflectarrays become attractive for satellite telecommunications, as long as they exhibit low losses. Due to the emergence of the MEMS technology, such features may be obtained. This communication presents a potential application mission, and the development of low losses phase shift elements, using MEMS switches. The technological and electrical considerations that govern the accommodations of these switches within the reflectarray are detailed. Measurements of the active phase shift elements are shown.