gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of Multilayer Wiring Board by Simultaneous Stacking Method of Tape Film. (1998)

Authors developed a new wiring board which is bonded between each layers and is connected with vias electrically by simultaneous thermocompression method. The layers are producted from the copper laminated polyimide tape and the vias are connected with two different method, i.e. conductive adhesives or sordering with Au/Sn alloy. This paper discribes the outline of these wiring board formation process and the comparison results of the vias connection reliabilty under temperature cycling test.
Geometry of defects at shape-complementary soft interfaces (2016)

Shape complementarity can be used to enhance adhesion selectively between elastomeric surfaces. Complementary arrays of surface structures, such as 1D ridges or fibrils arranged in a 2D lattice, can inter-digitate to achieve adhesion enhancement controlled by shape recognition. It has been shown that relative misorientation is accommodated by defects that are meso-scale screw dislocations. The arrangement of such dislocations plays a critical role in determining the mechanical properties of the interface. Here we study the geometric properties of one-dimensional (ridge/channel) and two-dimensional (arrays of pillars) shape-complementary interfaces in the presence of relative misorientation (twist) and difference in lattice spacing. Relative misorientation without difference in lattice spacing is accommodated by arrays of screw dislocations. Difference in lattice spacing without misorientation is accommodated by arrays of edge dislocations. In general, we observe arrays of dislocations with mixed screw and edge character. The spacing and orientation of these arrays can be predicted accurately using the geometry of Moiré patterns. More broadly, we show that soft materials with shape-complementary patterns can be used to generate meso-scale dislocations of arbitrary edge and screw character at the length scale of tens of microns. Because these are easily observed optically, this system can be used to study dislocations and their interaction with each other.
High-performance lossless RF fiber optic link (2002)

This paper describes an RF high-performance wide-bandwidth fiber optic link that achieves significant-compared to current commercial-off-the-shelf links-improvements in key RF link parameters of bandwidth, gain, signal-to-noise ratio, noise figure, spur-free dynamic range, and noise.
A 15b power-efficient pipeline A/D converter using non-slewing closed-loop amplifiers (2008)

A 15 b power-efficient pipeline A/D converter using capacitance-coupling non-slewing amplifiers is presented. A modified 1.5b/stage transfer curve combined with the non-slewing amplifier is useful for the error corrections of incomplete settling error. The relationship between the input signal and the incomplete settling errors can be linearized and the errors can be corrected in digital domain with a simple calculation. A prototype ADC fabricated in 0.25 mum process consumes 123 mW at 30 MSample/s and 2.5 V power supply. The SNDR and the SFDR at 30 MS/s are 75.0 dB and 86.5 dB, respectively with the incomplete settling error corrections.
Novel Indole Chemistry in the Synthesis of Heterocycles (2005)

Indoles that are substituted at the 2- or 3-position with electron-withdrawing groups (nitro, phenylsulfonyl) undergo nucleophilic addition, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, and Diels-Alder reactions to give a variety of indoles, pyrroloindoles, and carbazoles. New methods for the synthesis of furo[3,4-b]indoles and the novel ring system furo[3,4- b]pyrrole are described for the first time. Diels-Alder reactions of furo[3,4-b]pyrroles afford indoles after dehydration of the primary cycloadducts. Efficient syntheses of both 2- and 3-nitroindoles from indole are reported, and the first generation and successful electrophilic trapping of a 2,3-dilithioindole has been achieved.
Phase Separation in AlxGa1-xAs Nanowhiskers Grown by the Solution−Liquid−Solid Mechanism (2001)

Low-temperature growth of AlxGa1-xAs by the solution-liquid-solid mechanism affords nanowhiskers having two specific overall compositions: x = 0.1 and 0.8. Intermediate compositions (0.1 < x < 0.8) are inaccessible by the method employed. Examination of the nanowhiskers by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and annealing studies indicates that they possess compositionally modulated nanostructures. The observed compositional modulation consists of alternating comparatively Al-rich and Ga-rich AlxGa1-xAs domains with dimensions of 3-20 nm. The spontaneous phase separation, which occurs during growth, appears to be kinetically driven, and the resulting phase-separated nanostructures appear to be, therefore, metastable rather than stable. Spontaneous phase separation in AlxGa1-xAs, which strongly influences its photoemission behavior, is not well understood theoretically.
Investigation of Solvent Effects on the Rate and Stereoselectivity of the Henry Reaction (2011)

A combined computational and experimental kinetic study on the Henry reaction is reported. The effects of solvation on the transition structures and the rates of reaction between nitromethane and formaldehyde, and between nitropropane and benzaldehyde are elucidated with QM/MM calculations.
A highly selective methodology for the direct conversion of acetals to esters (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA highly selective methodology for the direct conversion of acetals to estersN. Chidambaram, Shridhar Bhat, and S. ChandrasekaranCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 18, 5013–5015Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00044a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00044a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views575Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Three-Dimensional Solution Structure of μ-Conotoxin GIIIB, a Specific Blocker of Skeletal Muscle Sodium Channels, (1996)

The three-dimensional solution structure of mu-conotoxin GIIIB, a 22-residue polypeptide from the venom of the piscivorous cone snail Conus geographus, has been determined using 2D 1H NMR spectroscopy. GIIIB binds with high affinity and selectivity to skeletal muscle sodium channels and is a valuable tool for characterizing both the structure and function of these channels. Structural restraints consisting of 289 interproton distances inferred from NOEs and 9 backbone and 5 side chain dihedral angle restraints from spin-spin coupling constants were used as input for simulated annealing calculations and energy minimization in the program X-PLOR. In addition to the 1H NMR derived information, the 13C resonances of GIIIB were assigned at natural abundance, and hydroxyproline C beta and C gamma chemical shifts were used to distinguish between the cis and trans peptide bond conformations. The final set of 20 structures had mean pairwise rms differences over the whole molecule of 1.22 A for the backbone atoms and 2.48 A for all heavy atoms. For the well-defined region encompassing residues 3-21, the corresponding values were 0.74 and 2.54 A, respectively. GIIIB adopts a compact structure consisting of a distorted 310-helix, a small beta-hairpin, a cis-hydroxyproline, and several turns. The molecule is stabilized by three disulfide bonds, two of which connect the helix and the beta-sheet, forming a structural core with similarities to the CS alpha beta motif [Cornet, B., Bonmatin, J.-M., Hetru, C., Hoffmann, J. A., Ptak, M., & Vovelle, F. (1995) Structure 3, 435-448]. This motif is common to several families of small proteins including scorpion toxins and insect defensins. Other structural features of GIIIB include the presence of eight arginine and lysine side chains that project into the solvent in a radial orientation relative to the core of the molecule. These cationic side chains form potential sites of interaction with anionic sites on sodium channels. The global fold is similar to that reported for mu-conotoxin GIIIA, and the structure of GIIIB determined in this study provides the basis for further understanding of the structure-activity relationships of the mu-conotoxins and for their binding to skeletal muscle sodium channels.
An EFSUMB Introduction into Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-US) for Quantification of Tumour Perfusion (2012)

Dynamic Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound (DCE-US) is an imaging technique that utilizes microbubble contrast agents in diagnostic ultrasound. The EFSUMB guidelines published in 2004, updated in 2008 and 2011 focused on the use of DCE-US, including essential technical requirements, training, investigational procedures and steps, guidance on image interpretation, established and recommended clinical indications and safety considerations. However the quantification of images acquired with ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) is not discussed in the guidelines. The purpose of this EFSUMB document is to provide some recommendations and descriptions of the quantification of ultrasound images, technical requirements for analysis of time-intensity curves (TICs), methodology for data analysis, and interpretation of the results.
A platform for semiautomated voluntary training of common marmosets for behavioral neuroscience (2020)

Generally behavioral neuroscience studies of the common marmoset employ adaptations of well-established training methods used with macaque monkeys. However, in many cases these approaches do not readily generalize to marmosets indicating a need for alternatives. Here we present the development of one such alternate: a platform for semiautomated, voluntary in-home cage behavioral training that allows for the study of naturalistic behaviors. We describe the design and production of a modular behavioral training apparatus using CAD software and digital fabrication. We demonstrate that this apparatus permits voluntary behavioral training and data collection throughout the marmoset's waking hours with little experimenter intervention. Furthermore, we demonstrate the use of this apparatus to reconstruct the kinematics of the marmoset's upper limb movement during natural foraging behavior.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The study of marmosets in neuroscience has grown rapidly and presents unique challenges. We address those challenges with an innovative platform for semiautomated, voluntary training that allows marmosets to train throughout their waking hours with minimal experimenter intervention. We describe the use of this platform to capture upper limb kinematics during foraging and to expand the opportunities for behavioral training beyond the limits of traditional training sessions. This flexible platform can easily incorporate other tasks.
A highly Stable and Nonintegrated Human Artificial Chromosome (HAC) Containing the 2.4 Mb Entire Human Dystrophin Gene (2008)

Episomal vector with the capacity to deliver a large gene containing all the critical regulatory elements is ideal for gene therapy. Human artificial chromosomes (HACs) have the capacity to deliver an extremely large genetic region to host cells without integration into the host genome, thus preventing possible insertional mutagenesis and genomic instability. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutation in the extremely large dystrophin gene (2.4 Mb). We herein report the development of a HAC vector containing the entire human dystrophin gene (DYS-HAC) that is stably maintained in mice and human immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (hiMSCs). The DYS-HAC was transferred to mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells, and isoforms of the DYS-HAC-derived human dystrophin in the chimeric mice generated from the ES cells were correctly expressed in tissue-specific manner. Thus, this HAC vector containing the entire dystrophin gene with its native regulatory elements is expected to be extremely useful for future gene and cell therapies of DMD.
Optimal Management of Localized Renal Cell Carcinoma: Surgery, Ablation, or Active Surveillance (2009)

Radical nephrectomy is historically accepted as standard treatment for localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC). However, the presentation of RCC has changed dramatically over the past 3 decades. Newer alternative interventions aim to reduce the negative impact of open radical nephrectomy, with the natural history of RCC now better understood. This article discusses current surgical and management options for localized kidney cancer.
Pressure and temperature effects on the kinetics and quality of diamond films (1994)

Quantitative measurements of the effects of pressure on the kinetics and quality of diamond films grown with hot-filament chemical-vapor deposition are reported. Pressure affects growth kinetics largely because it affects transport of precursors to the growing surface. H and CH3 concentrations at the growth surfaces are determined with a recombination enthalpy technique combined with appropriate transport analyses. The growth rate rises and then falls with increasing pressure, although the concentrations of CH3 and atomic hydrogen at the surface are nearly constant. Both the rise and the fall in growth rate at higher pressure are explained with a chemical kinetics model as due in large part to an increase in substrate temperature at higher pressures. The fall at higher pressure (temperature) is due to the rate of thermal desorption of the CH3 precursor increasing more rapidly with temperature than the competing rate of its incorporation: Once these rates become comparable, higher substrate temperatures lower the incorporation rates, and the growth rate decreases. Previously measured Arrhenius plots for diamond-growth kinetics are explained quantitatively. The quality of the diamond, as determined using Raman and scanning electron micrograph data, falls with increasing pressure and substrate temperature. For the first time, this decline in quality is correlated with experimental temperature, H:CH3 ratio, and C2H2 concentration measurements.
Experimental investigation of the relation between gradient echo BOLD fMRI contrast and underlying susceptibility changes at 7T (2013)

Gradient echo BOLD fMRI contrast was compared to the underlying local susceptibility changes, calculated from the same time-series using functional quantitative susceptibility mapping (fQSM). Comparing voxels coincidentally activated in both fQSM and GE-fMRI, differences were found between motor, visual and somatosensory paradigms in the respective brain areas. In most of these common voxels the signs of susceptibility and magnitude change were opposite confirming expectations. Yet, in a significant number of voxels the signs matched, suggesting strong non-local contributions. Experiments with the motor paradigm showed positive susceptibility shifts and magnitude signal changes in deep cortical layers.
Active contour approach for accurate quantitative airway analysis (2008)

Chronic airway disease causes structural changes in the lungs including peribronchial thickening and airway dilatation. Multi-detector computed tomography (CT) yields detailed near-isotropic images of the lungs, and thus the potential to obtain quantitative measurements of lumen diameter and airway wall thickness. Such measurements would allow standardized assessment, and physicians to diagnose and locate airway abnormalities, adapt treatment, and monitor progress over time. However, due to the sheer number of airways per patient, systematic analysis is infeasible in routine clinical practice without automation. We have developed an automated and real-time method based on active contours to estimate both airway lumen and wall dimensions; the method does not require manual contour initialization but only a starting point on the targeted airway. While the lumen contour segmentation is purely region-based, the estimation of the outer diameter considers the inner wall segmentation as well as local intensity variation, in order anticipate the presence of nearby arteries and exclude them. These properties make the method more robust than the Full-Width Half Maximum (FWHM) approach. Results are demonstrated on a phantom dataset with known dimensions and on a human dataset where the automated measurements are compared against two human operators. The average error on the phantom measurements was 0.10mm and 0.14mm for inner and outer diameters, showing sub-voxel accuracy. Similarly, the mean variation from the average manual measurement was 0.14mm and 0.18mm for inner and outer diameters respectively.
Correction to “Near-Infrared Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (NIR-SERS) for the Identification of Eosin Y: Theoretical Calculations and Evaluation of Two Different Nanoplasmonic Substrates” (2014)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to "Near-Infrared Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (NIR-SERS) for the Identification of Eosin Y: Theoretical Calculations and Evaluation of Two Different Nanoplasmonic Substrates"Nathan G. Greeneltch, Amber S. Davis, Nicholas A. Valley, Francesca Casadio, George C. Schatz, Richard P. Van Duyne, and Nilam C. Shah*Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. A 2014, 118, 2, 533Publication Date (Web):January 3, 2014Publication History Published online3 January 2014Published inissue 16 January 2014https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jp4123985https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4123985correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2014 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views494Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (105 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visualizing Nerve Injury in a Neuropathic Pain Model with [18F]FTC-146 PET/MRI (2017)

The ability to locate nerve injury and ensuing neuroinflammation would have tremendous clinical value for improving both the diagnosis and subsequent management of patients suffering from pain, weakness, and other neurologic phenomena associated with peripheral nerve injury. Although several non-invasive techniques exist for assessing the clinical manifestations and morphological aspects of nerve injury, they often fail to provide accurate diagnoses due to limited specificity and/or sensitivity. Herein, we describe a new imaging strategy for visualizing a molecular biomarker of nerve injury/neuroinflammation, <i>i.e.</i>, the sigma-1 receptor (S1R), in a rat model of nerve injury and neuropathic pain. The two-fold higher increase of S1Rs was shown in the injured compared to the uninjured nerve by Western blotting analyses. With our novel S1R-selective radioligand, [<sup>18</sup>F]FTC-146 (6-(3-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoropropyl)-3-(2-(azepan-1-yl)ethyl)benzo[<i>d</i>]thiazol-2(3H)-one), and positron emission tomography-magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI), we could accurately locate the site of nerve injury created in the rat model. We verified the accuracy of this technique by <i>ex vivo</i> autoradiography and immunostaining, which demonstrated a strong correlation between accumulation of [<sup>18</sup>F]FTC-146 and S1R staining. Finally, pain relief could also be achieved by blocking S1Rs in the neuroma with local administration of non-radioactive [<sup>19</sup>F]FTC-146. In summary, [<sup>18</sup>F]FTC-146 S1R PET/MR imaging has the potential to impact how we diagnose, manage and treat patients with nerve injury, and thus warrants further investigation.
Kinetics of chalcone oxidation by peroxide anion catalysed by poly-l-leucineElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: double reciprocal plots of the data in Fig. 1. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/cc/b4/b401497a/ (2004)

An insight into the kinetics, mechanism and optimum reaction conditions of the Julia-Colonna epoxidation has been gained using a soluble polyleucine catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Michael Addition/Aldol Reaction of Allenic Ketones with Alkyl Vinyl Ketones: Versatile Synthesis of 2‐Alkynyl 1,5‐Diketones, 4‐Alkynyl‐3‐hydroxycyclohexanones and 4‐Alkynylcyclohexenones. (2011)

Abstract The reaction leads to the 2‐alkynyl‐1,5‐diketones (III), when catalyzed by Bu 4 NF in THF at room temperature.
Optical frequency comb generation from modelocked diode lasers - techniques and applications (2005)

This paper discusses the development of modelocked semiconductor lasers to generate optical frequency combs for applications in photonic signal processing. Key in our approach is a high Q cavity, supermode suppression and low spontaneous emission.
Isolated Arthroscopic Biceps Tenotomy or Tenodesis Improves Symptoms in Patients with Massive Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears (2007)

Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
'Gene shaving' as a method for identifying distinct sets of genes with similar expression patterns (2000)

The gene shaving method is a potentially useful tool for exploration of gene expression data and identification of interesting clusters of genes worth further investigation.
Human-Machine Interaction in Vehicle Steering (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The steering system is one of the most important human interfaces in a vehicle and it must be designed to ensure safety and comfort for the driver. However, these characteristics are difficult to express quantitatively. Therefore, the current controller design requires many experimental steps. One possibility to reduce the number of the steps is to use the concept of passivity. In this paper, we explore useful conditions from the viewpoint of passivity in the controller design for vehicle steering. Controllers involving damping, inertia compensation, and vibration suppression in electric power steering systems are proposed.&lt;/div&gt;