gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL)-Reactive Immunoglobulin G Rapidly Appears in Sera of Animals following Antigen Exposure (2012)

We have discovered an Aleuria Aurantia Lectin (AAL)-reactive immunoglobulin G (IgG) that naturally occurs in the circulation of rabbits and mice, following immune responses induced by various foreign antigens. AAL can specifically bind to fucose moieties on glycoproteins. However, most serum IgGs are poorly bound by AAL unless they are denatured or treated with glycosidase. In this study, using an immunogen-independent AAL-antibody microarray assay that we developed, we detected AAL-reactive IgG in the sera of all animals that had been immunized 1-2 weeks previously with various immunogens with and without adjuvants and developed immunogen-specific responses. All of these animals subsequently developed immunogen-specific immune responses. The kinetics of the production of AAL-reactive IgG in mice and rabbits were distinct from those of the immunogen-specific IgGs elicited in the same animals: they rose and fell within one to two weeks, and peaked between four to seven days after exposure, while immunogen-specific IgGs continued to rise during the same period. Mass spectrometric profiling of the Fc glycoforms of purified AAL-reactive IgGs indicates that these are mainly comprised of IgGs with core-fucosylated and either mono-or non-galactosylated Fc N-glycan structures. Our results suggest that AAL-reactive IgG could be a previously unrecognized IgG subset that is selectively produced at the onset of a humoral response.
Ethics and professionalism in medical physics: A survey of AAPM members (2013)

The survey found broad interest in ethics/professionalism topics and revealed that these topics were being integrated into the curriculum at many institutions. The incorporation of ethics and professionalism instruction into both graduate education and postgraduate training of medical physicists, and into their subsequent lifelong continuing education is important given the nontrivial number of medical physicists who had direct personal knowledge of unethical or ethically questionable incidents in clinical practice, research, education, and professionalism.
Mid-infrared sub-wavelength focusing of electrically-generated surface plasmons polaritons (2012)

We demonstrate a compact integrated device, electrically driven, which is able to recover and exploit the confinement properties of SPPs at long wavelengths. It operates in the mid-infrared by electrical injection, It generates plasmonic excitations whose dispersion is artificially tailored via proper patterning of a purely metallic surface. We illustrate the power of this approach by demonstrating bending, focusing and sub-wavelength energy concentration.
Ab initiomolecular dynamics on the Ge(100) surface (1987)

An ab initio total-energy approach to molecular dynamics and simulated quenching is applied for the first time and used to study the structure of the Ge(100) surface. The geometry of the lowest-energy c(4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)-symmetry dimer model is predicted. A soft energy surface for displacement of dimers in the [11\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}0] direction is discovered which could lead to a new type of symmetry breaking.
Highly Scalable NEMS Relays With Stress-Tuned Switching Voltage Using Piezoelectric Buckling Actuators (2014)

This paper reports the design, fabrication, characterization, and scaling analysis of novel buckling-based nanoelectromechanical relays that use, for the first time, piezoelectric actuation. The generated stress from anchored piezoelectric films is employed to buckle a clamped-clamped beam to connect suspended source and drain terminals, while the residual stress in the beam is used to control the actuation voltage. This demonstration is the first of its kind to exploit residual stress to deliver a highly scalable switching mechanism that exhibits low actuation voltage (~1.8V), very fast switching (~80 ns), and uniquely achieves an equivalent electric body bias via mechanical methods. Finite-element analysis and analytical simulations show a linear dependence of the switching voltage on the residual stress, while the voltage versus stress tuning slope is reduced linearly with scaling the piezoelectric film thickness (-16.6 mV/MPa for 10-nm thick aluminum nitride film). A scaling analysis shows that millivolt switching is possible for aggressively miniaturized relays, which highlights the great impact this technology could have on demonstrating ultralow power digital circuits and memories.
TREM2 is thyroid hormone regulated making the TREM2 pathway druggable with ligands for thyroid hormone receptor (2021)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) is a cell surface receptor on macrophages and microglia that senses and responds to disease associated signals to regulate the phenotype of these innate immune cells. The TREM2 signaling pathway has been implicated in a variety of diseases ranging from neurodegeneration in the central nervous system to metabolic disease in the periphery. We report here that <i>TREM2</i> is a thyroid hormone regulated gene and its expression in macrophages and microglia is stimulated by thyroid hormone. Both endogenous thyroid hormone and sobetirome, a synthetic thyroid hormone agonist drug, suppress pro-inflammatory cytokine production from myeloid cells including macrophages that have been treated with the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein which produces a strong, pro-inflammatory phenotype. Thyroid hormone agonism was also found to induce phagocytic behavior in microglia, a phenotype consistent with activation of the TREM2 pathway. The thyroid hormone antagonist NH-3 blocks the anti-inflammatory effects of thyroid hormone agonists and suppresses microglia phagocytosis. Finally, in a murine experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) multiple sclerosis model, treatment with Sob-AM2, a CNS-penetrating sobetirome prodrug, results in increased <i>Trem2</i> expression in disease lesion resident myeloid cells which correlates with therapeutic benefit in the EAE clinical score and reduced damage to myelin. Our findings represent the first report of endocrine regulation of <i>TREM2</i> and provide a unique opportunity to drug the TREM2 signaling pathway with orally active small molecule therapeutic agents.
Prognostic Factors for Long-Term Survival in Patients with Ampullary Carcinoma: The Results of a 15-Year Observation Period after Pancreaticoduodenectomy (2014)

Introduction. Although ampullary carcinoma has the best prognosis among all periampullary carcinomas, its long-term survival remains low. Prognostic factors are only available for a period of 10 years after pancreaticoduodenectomy. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify factors that influence the long-term patient survival over a 15-year observation period. Methods. From 1992 to 2007, 143 patients with ampullary carcinoma underwent pancreatic resection. 86 patients underwent pylorus-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy (60%) and 57 patients underwent standard Kausch-Whipple pancreaticoduodenectomy (40%). Results. The overall 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year survival rates were 79%, 40%, 24%, and 10%, respectively. Within a mean observation period of 30 (0-205) months, 100 (69%) patients died. Survival analysis showed that positive lymph node involvement (P = 0.001), lymphatic vessel invasion (P = 0.0001), intraoperative administration of packed red blood cells (P = 0.03), an elevated CA 19-9 (P = 0.03), jaundice (P = 0.04), and an impaired patient condition (P = 0.01) are strong negative predictors for a reduced patient survival. Conclusions. Patients with ampullary carcinoma have distinctly better long-term survival than patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Long-term survival depends strongly on lymphatic nodal and vessel involvement. Moreover, a preoperative elevated CA 19-9 proved to be a significant prognostic factor. Adjuvant therapy may be essential in patients with this risk constellation.
Stability Robustness of LQ and LQG Active Suspensions (1994)

A two-degree-of-freedom quarter-car model is used as the basis for linear quadratic (LQ) and linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controller design for an active suspension. The LQ controller results in the best rms performance trade-offs (as defined by the performance index) between ride, handling and packaging requirements. In practice, however, all suspension states are not directly measured, and a Kalman filter can be introduced for state estimation to yield an LQG controller. This paper (i) quantifies the rms performance losses for LQG control as compared to LQ control, and (ii) compares the LQ and LQG active suspension designs from the point of view of stability robustness. The robustness of the LQ active suspensions is not necessarily good, and depends strongly on the design of a backup passive suspension in parallel with the active one. The robustness properties of the LQG active suspension controller are also investigated for several distinct measurement sets.
Column-Parallel Correlated Multiple Sampling Circuits for CMOS Image Sensors and Their Noise Reduction Effects (2010)

For low-noise complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors, the reduction of pixel source follower noises is becoming very important. Column-parallel high-gain readout circuits are useful for low-noise CMOS image sensors. This paper presents column-parallel high-gain signal readout circuits, correlated multiple sampling (CMS) circuits and their noise reduction effects. In the CMS, the gain of the noise cancelling is controlled by the number of samplings. It has a similar effect to that of an amplified CDS for the thermal noise but is a little more effective for 1/f and RTS noises. Two types of the CMS with simple integration and folding integration are proposed. In the folding integration, the output signal swing is suppressed by a negative feedback using a comparator and one-bit D-to-A converter. The CMS circuit using the folding integration technique allows to realize a very low-noise level while maintaining a wide dynamic range. The noise reduction effects of their circuits have been investigated with a noise analysis and an implementation of a 1Mpixel pinned photodiode CMOS image sensor. Using 16 samplings, dynamic range of 59.4 dB and noise level of 1.9 e(-) for the simple integration CMS and 75 dB and 2.2 e(-) for the folding integration CMS, respectively, are obtained.
Supplementary Figure S1 from CD44<sup>+</sup> Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Suppress T-Cell–Mediated Immunity by Selective Constitutive and Inducible Expression of PD-L1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S1. Gating strategy for isolating tumor cells from primary SCCHN tumors and xenografts.&lt;/p&gt;
RISK IN MARKETING DECISIONS (1985)

Risk is indigenous to decision making. Marketing decisions in particular are associated with high risk. This article defines risk, offers insights on how marketing managers may improve their handling of risk, discusses marketers' two key ways of handling risk: various product models and the expected value, considers why finance models are often irrelevant to marketing problems, and offers some insights for marketing managers in dealing with risk.
Balanced electronic detection of displacement in nanoelectromechanical systems (2002)

We describe a broadband radio frequency balanced bridge technique for electronic detection of displacement in nanoelectromechanical systems (NEMS). With its two-port actuation-detection configuration, this approach generates a background-nulled electromotive force in a dc magnetic field that is proportional to the displacement of the NEMS resonator. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the technique by detecting small impedance changes originating from NEMS electromechanical resonances that are accompanied by large static background impedances at very high frequencies. This technique allows the study of important experimental systems such as doped semiconductor NEMS and may provide benefits to other high frequency displacement transduction circuits.
RESULTS OF TREATMENT OF INFECTION IN BOTH KNEES AFTER BILATERAL TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY (2003)

We believe that treatment of simultaneous infection of both knees after bilateral total knee arthroplasty should consist of bilateral resection arthroplasty and delayed reimplantation after a period of intravenous administration of organism-specific antibiotics.
Thermodynamic and kinetic data for macrocycle interaction with neutral molecules (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic and kinetic data for macrocycle interaction with neutral moleculesReed M. Izatt, Jerald S. Bradshaw, Krystyna Pawlak, Ronald L. Bruening, and Bryon J. TarbetCite this: Chem. Rev. 1992, 92, 6, 1261–1354Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00014a005https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00014a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1392Altmetric-Citations312LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correlations between histology and neuronal activity recorded by microelectrodes implanted chronically in the cerebral cortex (2016)

Our findings indicate an evolving interaction between changes in the tissue surrounding the microelectrodes and the microelectrode's electrical properties. Ongoing loss of neurons around recording microelectrodes, and the interactions between their delayed electrical deterioration and early tissue scarring around the tips appear to pose the greatest threats to the microelectrodes' long-term functionality.
Design and performance of a quartz oscillator vacuum gauge with a controller (1985)

We designed, built, and tested the first model of a quartz friction vacuum gauge and its controller, using a tuning fork shaped miniature quartz oscillator of a wristwatch as a pressure sensor. This gauge made it possible to measure pressure from 0.01 Torr to more than 760 Torr with an accuracy of better than 10%. The oscillator was installed on a small-sized vacuum flange and driven at its resonance frequency by constant amplitude ac voltage fed by a phase-locked loop oscillation circuit. The resonance current of the oscillator was rectified and amplified to actuate a meter and/or a recorder. The pressure dependence of the readings of the gauge for various gases was measured, and found to be in agreement with theoretical predictions. The performance of the gauge was unaffected by hundreds of repetitions of a quick evacuation from atmospheric pressure to less than 0.001 Torr and an exposure to the air.
Substrate Specificity of the Loading Didomain of the Erythromycin Polyketide Synthase (2000)

The priming of many modular polyketide synthases is catalyzed by a loading acyltransferase-acyl carrier protein (AT(L)-ACP(L)) didomain which initiates polyketide biosynthesis by transferring a primer unit to the ketosynthase domain of the first module. Because the AT(L) domain influences the choice of the starter unit incorporated into the polyketide backbone, its specificity is of considerable interest. The AT(L)-ACP(L) didomain of the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase (DEBS) was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli. Coexpression of the Sfp phosphopantetheinyl transferase from Bacillus subtilis in E. coli leads to efficient posttranslational modification of the ACP(L) domain with a phosphopantetheine moiety. Competition experiments were performed with the holo-protein to determine the relative rates of incorporation of a variety of unnatural substrates in the presence of comparable concentrations of labeled acetyl-CoA. Our results showed that the loading didomain of DEBS can accept a surprisingly broad range of substrates, although it exhibits a preference for unbranched alkyl chain substrates over branched alkyl chain, polar, aromatic, and charged substrates. In particular, its tolerance toward acetyl- and butyryl-CoA is unexpectedly strong. The studies described here present an attractive prototype for the expression, analysis, and engineering of acyltransferase domains in modular polyketide synthases.
Modeling Phase and Amplitude Errors in Optical Phased Arrays and Comparison to Measurement (2020)

We model optical phased arrays. Random intensity errors minimally affect the beam. Random phase errors (Δϕ &lt;0.3×2π) substantially affect the beam power but only minimally the beam width. Systematic errors in the splitters are also investigated.
Characterization of SNAREs Determines the Absence of a Typical Golgi Apparatus in the Ancient Eukaryote Giardia lamblia (2008)

Giardia is a eukaryotic protozoal parasite with unusual characteristics, such as the absence of a morphologically evident Golgi apparatus. Although both constitutive and regulated pathways for protein secretion are evident in Giardia, little is known about the mechanisms involved in vesicular docking and fusion. In higher eukaryotes, soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptors (SNAREs) of the vesicle-associated membrane protein and syntaxin families play essential roles in these processes. In this work we identified and characterized genes for 17 SNAREs in Giardia to define the minimal set of subcellular organelles present during growth and encystation, in particular the presence or not of a Golgi apparatus. Expression and localization of all Giardia SNAREs demonstrate their presence in distinct subcellular compartments, which may represent the extent of the endomembrane system in eukaryotes. Remarkably, Giardia SNAREs, homologous to Golgi SNAREs from other organisms, do not allow the detection of a typical Golgi apparatus in either proliferating or differentiating trophozoites. However, some features of the Golgi, such as the packaging and sorting function, seem to be performed by the endoplasmic reticulum and/or the nuclear envelope. Moreover, depletion of individual genes demonstrated that several SNAREs are essential for viability, whereas others are dispensable. Thus, Giardia requires a smaller number of SNAREs compared with other eukaryotes to accomplish all of the vesicle trafficking events that are critical for the growth and differentiation of this important human pathogen.
Smooth muscle cells from guinea pig stomach possess high-affinity galanin receptors that mediate relaxation (1994)

Galanin-like immunoactivity occurs in nerves and plexi in muscle layers throughout gastrointestinal tract including the stomach. Galanin can affect gastric emptying and contraction or relaxation of gastric muscle in different species. The aim of this study was to investigate the direct effect of galanin on dispersed gastric smooth muscle cells and to characterize any galanin receptors that mediated any effect. Dispersed gastric smooth muscle cells were prepared from guinea pig stomach by collagenase digestion. Porcine galanin (p-galanin; 1 microM) did not stimulate contraction when present alone; however, p-galanin (1 microM) inhibited carbachol-induced contraction with a half-maximal effect at 7 nM. p-Galanin (1 microM) increased cellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) content by 10 s and caused a maximal increase of 80% over basal. 125I-galanin (porcine) bound to dispersed cells in a time- and temperature-dependent manner. Binding was saturable, reversible, and specific. Binding of 125I-galanin was inhibited almost equally by porcine and rat galanin (Ki = 6-8 nM) but was not inhibited by the galanin-associated peptide [preprogalanin-(108-123)]. The fragment galanin-(1-16) was equally potent to rat galanin; however, the fragment galanin-(9-29) was 56-fold less potent (Ki = 370 nM). Computer analysis demonstrated there were two binding sites for p-galanin on gastric smooth muscle cells, a high-affinity site (Kd = 2.6 nM) with low capacity (Bmax = 175 fmol/mg protein) and a low-affinity site (Kd = 150 nM) with large capacity (Bmax = 3,611 fmol/mg protein).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Isolation of Tumor-Specific Cytotoxic CD4+ and CD4+CD8dim+ T-Cell Clones Infiltrating a Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma (1998)

We have isolated several T-cell clones from lymphocytes infiltrating a human major histocompatibility class (MHC) II negative cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). We describe here two of these clones, TC5 and TC7, with, respectively, a CD4+CD8dim+ and CD4+CD8− phenotype. Both clones mediated a specific MHC class I–restricted cytotoxic activity toward the fresh autologous tumor cells, and autologous tumor cell lines previously established with interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-7 from the skin and from the blood. Analysis of the T-cell receptor (TCR) Vβ gene expression showed that the tumor cells, which were shown to have a trisomy 7 by fluorescent in situ hybridization, expressed Vβ7/Jβ2.3, Vβ13/Jβ2.5, and Vβ22/Jβ2.5 rearrangements. Phenotypic analysis using specific anti-Vβ monoclonal antibodies indicated that only Vβ13 could be detected on the cell membrane of the tumor cells. Analysis of the TCR Vβ gene expression of the clones showed that TC5 and TC7 expressed a unique TCR-Vβ transcript, corresponding, respectively, to Vβ5/Jβ2.3 and Vβ17/Jβ2.7 gene segments. To determine whether these reactive T lymphocytes were present in vivo, we used specific primers corresponding to TC5- and TC7-Vβ TCR transcripts. The results showed that both cytotoxic T-cell clones were present at the lesional skin site and amplified in vitro. TC7 was found in the patient peripheral blood invaded by tumoral cells, whereas TC5 was not, indicating that the repertoire of the reactional lymphocytes differs in the blood and at the tumor site. These results show for the first time the presence of reactive T lymphocytes with CD4 or double-positive phenotype infiltrating a CTCL. These findings raise the question of the role of these antitumoral effector T cells in the tumor growth.
Variational Inference Formulation for a Model-Free Simulation of a Dynamical System with Unknown Parameters by a Recurrent Neural Network (2021)

Variational Inference Formulation for a Model-Free Simulation of a Dynamical System with Unknown Parameters by a Recurrent Neural Network