gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated optimization in HSDPA radio network planning (2010)

High Speed Packet Access (HSPA) is a collection of two mobile telephony protocols, High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). Allowing networks based on the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System to achieve data rates of several megabits per second, these powerful protocols are ideal for applications ranging from file transfer to multimedia streaming.From basic concepts to research grade material, the HSDPA/HSUPA Handbook provides technical information on all aspects of HSDPA/HSUPA. With contributions from 30 experts from around the world, this comprehensive HSPA reference provides a global and authoritative perspective of this rapidly emerging technology.Investigates the relationship between HSDPA/HSUPA and UMTSDescribes the benefits of HSPA and its technical enhancementsExplains packet flows in HSDPAExplores migration issues associated with HSPAConsiders receiver designs and multi-user extensions to MIMO HSDPAPresenting information in a well-structured manner for ease of reference, this book presents accurate and up-to-date information on the full spectrum of topics related to HSPA technology, including future directions. The ideal desk reference for designers and planners of contemporary wireless communication networks, this book can also be adopted as a textbook for graduate and research-oriented courses that deal with HSPA.
A New Paradigm for Synthesis of Linear Decompressors (2017)

For more than two decades, the key objective for synthesis of linear decompressors has been maximizing encoding efficiency. For combinational decompressors, encoding satisfiability is dynamically checked for each specified care bit. By contrast, for sequential linear decompressors (e.g. PRPGs), encoding is performed for each test cube; the resultant static encoding considers that a test cube is encodable only if all of its care bits are encodable. The paper introduces a new class of sequential linear decompressors that provides a trade-off between the computational complexity and the encoding efficiency of linear encoding. As a result, it becomes feasible to dynamically encode care bits before a test cube has been completed, and derive decompressor-implied scan cell values during test generation. The resultant dynamic encoding enables an identification of encoding conflicts during branch-and-bound search and a reduction of search space for dynamic compaction. Experimental results demonstrate that dynamic encoding consistently outperforms static encoding in a wide range of compression ratios.
Novel Applications of Bispecific DART® Proteins (2013)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction DART® Proteins Application of DART® to Cross-Link Inhibitory and Activating Receptors Application of Bispecific Antibodies in Oncology U-DART Concept for Screening DART® Candidate Targets and mAbs U-DART Concept for Applications in Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disease Conclusions and Future Perspectives References
Laser induced cavitational luminescence in a bipolar acoustic pulse wave (2001)

Laser induced bubble dynamics (200–300 μs life time) under the influence of a convergent bipolar acoustic pulse (100 bar, 2 μs) in water is investigated experimentally. The amplitude of both an emitted shock and luminescence from the bubble collapse are recorded by a pvdf pressure probe and a photomultiplier tube (which integrates the spectral range from 260 to 530 nm). Different delay time (phase) between collapse and pressure pulse is found to influence the luminosity. For certain phases the average amplitude of the luminescence signal is increased by an order of magnitude in comparison with the average signal from an undisturbed collapse (i.e., outside the additional pressure pulse). Photorecordings show that bubbles re-expand after the first collapse nonspherically if an acoustic pulse was applied. They form a nose on the shadow side of the pulse wave which is possibly indication for jetting. Results for a collapse of a laser cavitation bubble and a bubble produced by shock cavitation are compared. [Work supported by DAAD and RFBR.]
Multiplexed detection of infectious diseases with microfluidic loop-mediated isothermal amplification and a smartphone (2017)

New tools are needed to enable rapid detection, identification, and reporting of infectious viral and microbial pathogens in a wide variety of point-of-care applications that impact human and animal health. We report the design, construction, and characterization of a platform for multiplexed analysis of disease-specific DNA sequences that utilizes a smartphone camera as the sensor in conjunction with a handheld instrument that interfaces the phone with a silicon-based microfluidic chip. Utilizing specific nucleic acid sequences for four equine respiratory pathogens as representative examples, we demonstrated the ability of the system to use a single 15-μL droplet of test sample to perform selective positive/negative determination of target sequences, including integrated experimental controls, in approximately 30 minutes. The system achieves detection limits comparable to those obtained by laboratory-based methods and instruments.
Development and Evaluation of a Wristwatch-Type Photoplethysmography Array Sensor Module (2012)

In this paper, we address a new photoplethysmography (PPG) signal-sensing method using a wristwatch-type PPG array sensor. According to the development of the ubiquitous health care system, the many types of medical equipment and treatments have been improved. In conventional PPG signal-sensing approaches, the finger-type PPG probe has been used. However, the finger-type PPG probe requires tight fitting that restricts movement, meaning that patients should endure dome discomfort while wearing it. To solve this problem, we propose a novel PPG array sensor module with a wristwatch-type design. The proposed module measures the PPG signal from the radial artery and the ulnar artery of the wrist, whereas previous methods obtained it from the capillaries of the skin. Moreover, we place phototransistors and infrared-emitting diodes in an array form to improve the PPG signal sensitivity and level of accuracy. Various arrays are considered for optimization, and a conductive rubber wristband is employed to reduce external noise. In the experiments, the proposed module is assessed and compared with the commercial product. This comparison between the commercial finger-type probe dataset and the PPG array module wrist-type probe dataset shows that the degree of similarity between the two signals is greater than 91.2%.
Large-grained polycrystalline silicon thin-film solar cells using AIC seed layers (2005)

Large-grained polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films were prepared on foreign substrates by epitaxial thickening of seed layers. The seed layers were formed by the aluminum-induced layer exchange (ALILE) process which is based on aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous silicon (a-Si). The epitaxial thickening was carried out at two different temperature regimes (low- and high-temperature approach). Using these large-grained poly-Si films first thin-film solar cells have been prepared. The best poly-Si thin-film solar cell obtained so far has reached an efficiency of 4.5% (high-temperature approach).
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoroazaindolines by an Uncommon Radical ipso‐Substitution of a C—F Bond. (2011)

Abstract Compound (V) is prepared similarly to compounds (IV).
Where to look at the movies : Analyzing visual attention to understand movie editing (2021)

In the process of making a movie, directors constantly care about where the spectator will look on the screen. Shot composition, framing, camera movements or editing are tools commonly used to direct attention. In order to provide a quantitative analysis of the relationship between those tools and gaze patterns, we propose a new eye-tracking database, containing gaze pattern information on movie sequences, as well as editing annotations, and we show how state-of-the-art computational saliency techniques behave on this dataset. In this work, we expose strong links between movie editing and spectators scanpaths, and open several leads on how the knowledge of editing information could improve human visual attention modeling for cinematic content. The dataset generated and analysed during the current study is available at https://github.com/abruckert/eye_tracking_filmmaking
Minimum-time digital control with raster surfaces (2008)

Minimum time is theoretically the fastest a fixed topology converter can recover from large-signal reference, line, and load disturbances. It is made possible through curved geometric control surfaces. Previous researchers spent significant effort approximating closed forms for these curved surfaces-a tedious but necessary step for analog circuit implementation. Numerical open-form surfaces, nearly impossible to implement on analog circuits, were tested on a digital signal processor using raster surfaces composed of pixels. These forms apply to a broad set of DC-DC converters. Simulations that compare fast disturbance recovery and tight performance envelopes demonstrate the benefits of minimum-time control. Hardware techniques show that minimum-time control is possible with only a few memory accesses and logical comparisons, operations even low-end digital processors can perform. The numerical form makes fewer approximations and applies to a much broader set of DC-DC converters.
Leishmanicidal Activities of Novel Synthetic Furoxan and Benzofuroxan Derivatives (2014)

A novel series of furoxan (1,2,5-oxadiazole 2-oxide) (compounds 3, 4a and -b, 13a and -b, and 14a to -f) and benzofuroxan (benzo[c][1,2,5]oxadiazole 1-oxide) (compounds 7 and 8a to -c) derivatives were synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for in vitro activity against promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis. The furoxan derivatives exhibited the ability to generate nitric oxide at different levels (7.8% to 27.4%). The benzofuroxan derivative 8a was able to increase nitrite production in medium supernatant from murine macrophages infected with L. amazonensis at 0.75 mM after 48 h. Furoxan and benzofuroxan derivatives showed remarkable leishmanicidal activity against both promastigote and intracellular amastigote forms. Compounds 8a, 14a and -b, and 14d exerted selective leishmanicidal activities superior to those of amphotericin B and pentamidine. In vitro studies at pH 5.4 reveal that compound 8a is stable until 8 h and that compound 14a behaves as a prodrug, releasing the active aldehyde 13a. These compounds have emerged as promising novel drug candidates for the treatment of leishmaniasis.
Multiplex Assays Enable Simultaneous Detection and Identification of SARS-CoV-2 Variants of Concern in Clinical and Wastewater Samples (2023)

The targeted screening and sequencing approaches for COVID-19 surveillance need to be adjusted to fit the evolving surveillance objectives which necessarily change over time. We present the development of variant screening assays that can be applied to new targets in a timely manner and enable multiplexing of targets for efficient implementation in the laboratory. By targeting the HV69/70 deletion for Alpha, K417N for Beta, K417T for Gamma, and HV69/70 deletion plus K417N for sub-variants BA.1, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5 of Omicron, we achieved simultaneous detection and differentiation of Alpha, Beta, Gamma, and Omicron in a single assay. Targeting both T478K and P681R mutations enabled specific detection of the Delta variant. The multiplex assays used in combination, targeting K417N and T478K, specifically detected the Omicron sub-variant BA.2. The limits of detection for the five variants of concern were 4-16 copies of the viral RNA per reaction. Both assays achieved 100% clinical sensitivity and 100% specificity. Analyses of 377 clinical samples and 24 wastewater samples revealed the Delta variant in 100 clinical samples (nasopharyngeal and throat swab) collected in November 2021. Omicron BA.1 was detected in 79 nasopharyngeal swab samples collected in January 2022. Alpha, Beta, and Gamma variants were detected in 24 wastewater samples collected in May-June 2021 from two major cities of Alberta (Canada), and the results were consistent with the clinical cases of multiple variants reported in the community.
Formation of Stable Nanocarriers by in Situ Ion Pairing during Block-Copolymer-Directed Rapid Precipitation (2012)

We present an in situ hydrophobic salt forming technique for the encapsulation of weakly hydrophobic, ionizable active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) into stable nanocarriers (NCs) formed via a rapid precipitation process. Traditionally, NC formation via rapid precipitation has been difficult with APIs in this class because their intermediate solubility makes achieving high supersaturation difficult during the precipitation process and the intermediate solubility causes rapid Ostwald ripening or recrystallization after precipitation. By forming a hydrophobic salt in situ, the API solubility and crystallinity can be tuned to allow for NC formation. Unlike covalent API modification, the hydrophobic salt formation modifies properties via ionic interactions, thus circumventing the need for full FDA reapproval. This technique greatly expands the types of APIs that can be successfully encapsulated in NC form. Three model APIs were investigated and successfully incorporated into NCs by forming salts with hydrophobic counterions: cinnarizine, an antihistamine, clozapine, an antipsychotic, and α-lipoic acid, a common food supplement. We focus on cinnarizine to develop the rules for the in situ nanoprecipitation of salt NCs. These rules include the pK(a)s and solubilities of the API and counterion, the effect of the salt former-to-API ratio on particle stability and encapsulation efficiency, and the control of NC size. Finally, we present results on the release rates of these ion pair APIs from the NCs.
Respiratory Pattern Changes in Sleep in Children on Vagal Nerve Stimulation for Refractory Epilepsy (2003)

Our results suggest that RPCS occur in most children with VNS. This is not surprising in view of the significant influence vagal afferents have on respiratory control centres. The RPCS did not appear to have a clinical impact in our group. However further investigations are suggested to explore this phenomenon, especially in patients with sleep apnoea syndromes or compromised respiratory function.
Combination Therapy with Interferon-γ and Interleukin-2 for the Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma (1996)

The toxicity and clinical response to treatment with the combination of interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) in patients with metastatic melanoma was evaluated. From May 1993 through February 1994, 20 patients were treated with 24 courses of IFN-gamma with or without IL-2. A 7-day course of subcutaneous IFN-gamma alone was administered to cohorts of two or three patients each at doses of 0.1, 0.2, or 0.3 mg/m2. Thirteen patients received escalating doses of IFN-gamma between 0.2 and 0.5 mg/m2 followed by the intravenous (i.v.) administration of IL-2 (720,000 IU/kg) given three times a day. A treatment course consisted of two cycles (maximum of 15 doses of IL-2 per cycle) separated by a 10-day interval. Five additional patients were treated with five courses of IFN-gamma, IL-2, and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs). All patients treated had the diagnosis of metastatic melanoma. The maximal tolerated dose of subcutaneous IFN-gamma was established at 0.3 mg/m2 with dose-limiting hepatotoxicity. Immunohistochemistry analyses showed detectable upregulation of MHC class I alleles in one (8%) of 12 patients. Two of 20 patients who received the combination of IFN-gamma and IL-2 had responses, one partial and one complete response. The duration of response was 7 months for the partial response and 12 months for the complete response. IFN-gamma was tolerated with minimal side effects of nausea, vomiting, malaise, and decreased hematopoiesis. No increased toxicities were found with the combination treatment, as compared with IL-2 alone. One death occurred on the third day of treatment with IFN-gamma alone from hemorrhage into brain metastases. There were no responders in the five patients who received the combination treatment of TIL, IL-2, and IFN-gamma. From these findings, we conclude that further studies looking at this combination treatment are not warranted.
Image Quality Issues for High Resolution TFTLCDs (1998)

Image quality issues for high resolution TFTLCDs are discussed. For text, very high resolution is needed. For color images, the intrinsic color quality of TFTLCDs has the potential to exceed CRTs. As the spatial resolution of TFTLCDs increases, the number of gray levels can be reduced without degrading image quality. This will reduce the bandwidth required to drive these displays.
Synthesis and preliminary biological evaluation of gabactyzine, a benactyzine-GABA mutual prodrug, as an organophosphate antidote (2022)

Organophosphates (OPs) are inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase and have deleterious effects on the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of OP poisoning include convulsions, which represent an underlying toxic neuro-pathological process, leading to permanent neuronal damage. This neurotoxicity is mediated through the cholinergic, GABAergic and glutamatergic (NMDA) systems. Pharmacological interventions in OP poisoning are designed to mitigate these specific neuro-pathological pathways, using anticholinergic drugs and GABAergic agents. Benactyzine is a combined anticholinergic, anti-NMDA compound. Based on previous development of novel GABA derivatives (such as prodrugs based on perphenazine for the treatment of schizophrenia and nortriptyline against neuropathic pain), we describe the synthesis and preliminary testing of a mutual prodrug ester of benactyzine and GABA. It is assumed that once the ester crosses the blood-brain-barrier it will undergo hydrolysis, releasing benactyzine and GABA, which are expected to act synergistically. The combined release of both compounds in the brain offers several advantages over the current OP poisoning treatment protocol: improved efficacy and safety profile (where the inhibitory properties of GABA are expected to counteract the anticholinergic cognitive adverse effects of benactyzine) and enhanced chemical stability compared to benactyzine alone. We present here preliminary results of animal studies, showing promising results with early gabactyzine administration.
Cancer cachexia therapy: a key weapon in the fight against cancer (2011)

An increased understanding of cancer cachexia, both mechanistically and its impact on cancer patients' struggle with their disease, has resulted in diverse therapeutic concepts. Recent clinical efforts demonstrate progress with novel therapies but fall short of effectively treating most cachectic patients and highlight a clear need for further research. Given the inherent heterogeneity of cancer patients and the significant impact of muscle wasting on morbidity and mortality, continued research efforts are critical in developing effective therapies to prevent and treat cancer cachexia.
Ferroelectric Sr2(Ta1-x, Nbx)2O7with a Low Dielectric Constant by Plasma Physical Vapor Deposition and Oxygen Radical Treatment (2003)

The compounds of the Sr2Nb2O7 (SNO) family are suitable for use as ferroelectric materials for ferroelectric memory field effect transistors (FETs), because these substances have a low dielectric constant and high heat-resistance. A very low dielectric constant ferroelectric Sr2(Ta1-x,Nbx)2O7 (STN) film formation technology which is applied to floating gate type ferroelectric random access memory (FFRAM) has been developed. The high ferroelectric performance of the STN capacitor has been achieved by plasma physical vapor deposition and an oxygen radical treatment using microwave-excited (2.45 GHz) high-density (>1012 cm-3) low electron temperature (<1 eV) Kr/O2 plasma.
Surface-Modified Mxene Nanosheets to Enable Complete Utilization and Immobilization of Polysulfides in Lithium-Sulfur Batteries (2021)

Lithium-Sulfur batteries are of great interest owing to sulfur's high theoretical capacity, low-cost and environmental benignity. However, the practicality of these batteries has been impeded due to the infamous “polysulfide-shuttle” effect. Although several research articles in the past decade have focused to mitigate this effect, capacity fade and low coulombic efficiency still prevail. 2D MXenes are early transition metal carbides known for their high metallic conductivity with tunable surface functionalities. MXenes with formula M n+1 X n T x are usually derived from the parental MAX phases by selectively etching the A layer (where M represents a transition metal, A represents the group 13 or 14 elements in the periodic table and X represents carbon or nitrogen, Tx stands for the surface terminations). Thus, the obtained MXenes possess a unique layered structure. After etching, the surface of MXenes is terminated with various functional groups such as hydroxyl (-OH), oxygen (-O), chlorine (-Cl), and fluorine (-F). Rich surface polar sites in Ti 3 C 2 T x enhance electrochemical performance via suppression of polysulfide shuttle. However, past synthesis procedures result in the development of hydrophilic MXene nanosheets unable to be coupled with hydrophobic sulfur. Herein, we propose a new design based on the functionalization of MXene nanosheets with an organic molecule for the effective deposition of sulfur nanoparticles on the surface. This strategy enables the dispersion of MXene sheets in sulfur dissolved solvents enabling the conformal deposition of sulfur on MXene sheets with negligible water in the composite. The metallic sheet-like conductivity (~10 3 S.cm -1 ) also aids in faster reaction kinetics during the conversion of polysulfides to Li 2 S, mitigating the shuttle effect. Consequently, the developed composite enables the efficient utilization of active surface sites to bind polysulfides and alleviate the shuttle effect. This novel cathode delivers a high initial reversible capacity of 1220 mAh·g -1 at 0.1 C and at 0.5C, these cathodes stabilize at 880mAh·g-1 after the first 5 cycles, 85% of which is retained post 500 cycles. Additionally, we developed cathodes with high sulfur loading of ~10.7 mg·cm -2 that delivers a stable areal capacity of ~7 mAh·cm -2 for 150 cycles. Moreover, these cathodes in a pouch cell configuration retained ~770 mAh·g -1 after ~200 cycles at 0.2C (85.5% retention). Ex-situ studies elucidated the nature of the LiPs–MXene interaction and the effect of surface functionalization towards improved performance + RP and VN have equal contribution