gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithic/heterogeneous integration of III-V lasers on Si (Conference Presentation) (2017)

In the paper, we elaborate our recent work on monolithic (by epitaxial growth) and heterogeneous (by adhesive bonding) integration techniques that may pave the path to the final solutions of IIIV lasers on silicon in different scenarios. In the case of on-chip optical interconnects, a large number of IIIV lasers with high integration density are highly demanded. By using a buffer-less selective growth technique, we are able to grow submicron-sized InP waveguides directly on silicon. All the dislocations are confined at the interface between Si and InP, which leads to the successful demonstration of a distributed feedback (DFB) laser array with good uniformity. Thanks to the minimized buffer layer thickness (20 nm) and the standard top-down laser process flow, it is possible to demonstrate very high integration density of IIIV lasers on silicon. Recently, by growing InGaAs/InP heterostructures on the virtual lattice-matched InP-on-Si template, we are able to achieve room-temperature lasing at communication wavelength range. On the other hand, the relatively mature bonding based heterogeneous integration technology has been well developed over the last decade, and the integration of various laser configurations on silicon lead to more system level demonstrations. Here, we present our recent work on IIIV-on-Si mode-locked lasers. Thanks to the extremely low silicon waveguide loss, we are able to achieve record-low repetition rate of 1GHz, with an extremely low RF linewidth (sub-kHz). Such devices are promising for applications such as spectroscopy, microwave photonics etc.
Natural language generation using an information-slim representation (2006)

In this dissertation, I propose a new natural language generation paradigm, based on direct transformation of textual information into well-formed textual output. I support this language generation paradigm with theoretical contributions in the field of formal languages, new algorithms, empirical results, and software implementations. At the core of this work is a novel representation formalism for probability distributions over finite languages. Due to its convenient representation and computational properties, this formalism supports a wide range of language generation needs, from sentence realization to text planning. 
Based on this formalism, I describe, implement, and analyze theoretically a family of algorithms that perform language generation using direct transformations of text. These algorithms use stochastic models of language to drive the generation process. I perform extensive empirical evaluations using my implementation of these algorithms. These evaluations show state-of-the-art performance in automatic translation, and significant improvements in state-of-the-art performance in abstractive headline generation and coherent discourse generation.
Modeling of the styrene microemulsion polymerization (1992)

Abstract A mathematical model was developed to simulate the polymerization kinetics of styrene oil‐in‐water microemulsions. Nucleation of particles in microemulsion droplets was assumed to account for the number of particles generated. It was found that the entry rate coefficient of radicals into microemulsion droplets is much smaller than the entry rate coefficient into monomer‐swollen particles. All particles contain at most one growing radical. Various radical entry mechanisms were evaluated using the simulation. The possibility of flocculation between particles during the later stages of the polymerization and the high desorption rate of monomeric radicals was suggested by the simulation results. The likelihood of re‐entry of desorbed radicals was den onstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: DARST. VON STICKSTOFFHALTIGEN POLYAETHER‐′CROWN′‐VERBINDUNGEN (1973)

Abstract Aus der Kondensation des Polyäthers (Ia) mit den entsprechenden o‐Aminophenolen oder o‐Phenylendiaminen entstehen nach 48stündigem Rückflußkochen in Wasser oder Dimethylformamid unter Stickstoff die Morpholinderivate (II).
Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies 11 new loci for anthropometric traits and provides insights into genetic architecture (2020)

Approaches exploiting extremes of the trait distribution may reveal novel loci for common traits, but it is unknown whether such loci are generalizable to the general population. In a genome-wide search for loci associated with upper vs. lower 5th percentiles of body mass index, height and waist-hip ratio, as well as clinical classes of obesity including up to 263,407 European individuals, we identified four new loci (IGFBP4, H6PD, RSRC1, PPP2R2A) influencing height detected in the tails and seven new loci (HNF4G, RPTOR, GNAT2, MRPS33P4, ADCY9, HS6ST3, ZZZ3) for clinical classes of obesity. Further, we show that there is large overlap in terms of genetic structure and distribution of variants between traits based on extremes and the general population and little etiologic heterogeneity between obesity subgroups.
Spark-Gap Atomic Emission Microscopy (1996)

A new technique allowing elemental analysis of small regions of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) substrates without loss of tip-surface registry has been developed. The technique is based on spark atomic emission spectroscopy and provides information normally unavailable from the STM. In this technique, a voltage excursion (>100 V) is used to excite the sample and cause emission. Spectra from a polished copper electrode surface are presented and discussed. Important parameters and present limitations are also discussed along with future directions for the improvement and long-term use of the technique.
Controlled transport of latex beads through vertically aligned carbon nanofiber membranes (2002)

Stripes of vertically aligned carbon nanofibers (VACNFs) have been used to form membranes for size selectively controlling the transport of latex beads. Fluidic structures were created in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) and interfaced to the VACNF structures for characterization of the membrane pore size. Solutions of fluorescently labeled latex beads were introduced into the PDMS channels and characterized by fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Results show that the beads size selectively pass through the nanofiber barriers and the size restriction limit correlates with the interfiber spacing. The results suggest that altering VACNF array density can alter fractionation properties of the membrane. Such membranes may be useful for molecular sorting and for mimicking the properties of natural membranes.
Efficient and scalable single mode waveguide coupling on silicon based substrates (2014)

One of the key challenges in Silicon based optical interconnect system remains to be the efficient coupling of optical signals from the submicron size on-chip waveguides to standard single mode (SM) fibers with low insertion loss (IL) and relaxed alignment tolerance. Large optical alignment tolerance allows optical connectors to be attached to on-chip waveguides passively using standard semiconductor pick-and-place assembly tools that have placement accuracies of 10- 15&mu;m. To facilitate the assembly, optical fiber coupling elements need to be modular and compact. They have to also have low profile to avoid blocking air flow or mechanical interference with other elements of the package. In this paper we report the development of a two-dimensional (2D) SM optical fiber coupling architecture that consists of Si based photonic lightwave circuit (PLC) substrate and a high-density micro-lensed fiber optic connector. The system is compact, efficient and has large optical alignment tolerance. At 1300nm an insertion loss of 2.4dB and 1.5dB was measured for the PLC module and the fiber optic connector, respectively. When the PLC module and connector was aligned together, a total insertion loss of 7.8dB was demonstrated with x,y alignment tolerance of 40&mu;m for 1dB optical loss. The SM optical coupling architecture presented here is scalable, alignment tolerant and has the potential to be manufactured in high volume. To our knowledge, such a system has not been reported in the literature so far.
Prominent Lectin-Like Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) Receptor-1 (LOX-1) Expression in Atherosclerotic Lesions Is Associated with Tissue Factor Expression and Apoptosis in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits (2008)

LOX-1 expression appears to be closely associated with TF expression, apoptotic events and the morphological vulnerability, suggesting the in vivo involvement of LOX-1 in the destabilization and rupture of atherosclerotic lesions and the subsequent thrombus formation. The present findings in hypercholesterolemic rabbits should help advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Chest Wall Reconstruction with Thoracoabdominal Flap for Large Skin Defects after Mastectomy of Advanced Breast Cancer. (2010)

Purpose: Radical surgical extirpation in advanced breast cancer patients produces extensive loss of skin with large defects requiring plastic surgical procedures for the closure. Many reconstructive methods exist, the choice of which depends upon the characteristic of the wound, extent of resection and patient comorbidities. For adequate coverage of the large skin defects following resection of advanced breast cancer, current authors have performed a thoracoabdominal flap. Methods: From August 2008 to June 2009, 4 cases of thoraco-abdominal flap were performed for chest wall reconstruction after mastectomy of advanced breast cancer. Flap dissection was entirely performed in a subfascial plane and the flap involving the external oblique abdominal muscle. The flap was rotated clockwise in left chest wall defects and counterclockwise in right chest defects and the donor site was closed directly. Results: Their mean age, 55.7 years and the average follow-up interval was 9 months. Patients' oncologic status ranged from stage IIIc to stage IV, it was classified according to the TNM staging system. Flap dimensions ranged between and . One flap sustained a partial loss at the distal margin and revision with pectoralis major musculocutaneous island flap. Conclusion: Large chest wall reconstructions are usually required after radical excision of advanced cancer stages patients with poor general conditions. Thoracoabdominal flap is a simple, quick single-stage procedure, and offer to patient fast recovery, low complication rate, enabling further concomitant adjuvant therapy.
Development of a biomechanical monitoring system for flexible ureteroscopy (2023)

Flexible ureteroscopes (fURS) are the most commonly used surgical device for endoscopic management of upper urinary tract conditions, including nephrolithiasis. Single-use flexible ureteroscopes (su-fURS) were introduced in 2015 with purported decrease maintenance costs and sterility concerns compared to reusable devices; however, the ergonomic impact of these devices on surgeons is not well-characterized. This study aims to investigate su-fURS ergonomics by developing a biomechanical feedback system for use during ureteroscopy. The study is designed for use by numerous su-fURS, with an initial focus on LithoVue™ (Boston Scientific). Two experimental models mimicking in-vivo fURS use were selected: an anatomically correct kidney-ureter-bladder (KUB) model; and a fURS training model simulating varying physical complexity and operator strain. Clinically relevant testing metrics selection was informed by fellowship-trained endourologist consultation. A series of representative fURS tasks was developed for testing: endoluminal navigation, kidney stone manipulation, basketing, and extraction. The dominant hand thumb, index finger distal interphalangeal joint, extensor digitorum tendons, and flexor digitorum muscle were identified as most relevant for monitoring and highest strain risk during fURS operation. A biomechanical feedback system was developed using a prototypical set of inertial measurement units provided by Mayo Clinic special purpose processor development group to provide live readings during endoscopic movements. Pilot testing demonstrated reliable hand kinematic measurements during simulated ureteroscopy. We developed and pilot-tested a novel biomechanical feedback system for flexible ureteroscopy to provide live feedback during ureteroscopy. Following further validation, this system may be applied to improve surgical training, decreasing physician fatigue and injury, and ultimately improve patient care.
Supporting RFID-based item tracking applications in Oracle DBMS using a bitmap datatype (2005)

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) based item-level tracking holds the promise of revolutionizing supply-chain, retail store, and asset management applications. However, the high volume of data generated by item-level tracking poses challenges to the applications as well as to backend databases. This paper addresses the problem of efficiently modeling identifier collections occurring in RFID-based item-tracking applications and databases. Specifically, 1) a bitmap datatype is introduced to compactly represent a collection of identifiers, and 2) a set of bitmap access and manipulation routines is provided. The proposed bitmap datatype can model a collection of generic identifiers, including 64-bit, 96-bit, and 256-bit Electronic Product Codes ™ (EPCs), and it can be used to represent both transient and persistent identifier collections. Persistent identifier collections can be stored in a table as a column of bitmap datatype. An efficient primary B+tree–based storage scheme is proposed for such columns. The bitmap datatype can be easily implemented by leveraging the DBMS bitmap index implementation, which typically manages bitmaps of table row identifiers. This paper presents the bitmap datatype and related functionality, illustrates its usage in supporting
First-in-human study of MM-141: A novel tetravalent monoclonal antibody targeting IGF-1R and ErbB3. (2015)

384 Background: MM-141 is a novel tetravalent bispecific monoclonal antibody that binds IGF-1R and ErbB3 and blocks both ligand dependent and independent IGF-1R/ErbB3/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling. MM-141 potentiated gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, docetaxel, irinotecan, tamoxifen, and everolimus in preclinical models. A multi-arm Phase 1 study is ongoing and the monotherapy dose-escalation portion of the study is completed. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients were enrolled to an expansion cohort of Arm A to receive MM-141 as a monotherapy. Another arm of treatment combined MM-141 with gemcitabine and nab-paclitaxel. Methods: This is a Phase 1 dose-escalation study evaluating safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetic (PK), and pharmacodynamic (PD) properties of MM-141 as monotherapy (n=15) and in combination with everolimus (Arm B) or with nab-paclitaxel and gemcitabine (Arm C). Three HCC patients in the Arm A expansion cohort received MM-141 as a monotherapy at a weekly dose of 20 mg/kg. These patients underwent mandatory pre-treatment and optional post-treatment biopsies. Patients in the dose-escalation portion of Arm C received MM-141 at a weekly dose of 12 or 20 mg/kg or a bi-weekly dose of 40 mg/kg in combination with gemcitabine (1000 mg/m 2 ) and nab-paclitaxel (125 mg/m 2 ). Results: 15 patients with advanced solid tumors were enrolled into the dose escalation portion of Arm A. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed at any of the studied doses. The safety, tolerability, PK and PD profile support weekly and bi-weekly MM-141 dosing. The Arm A expansion enrolled 3 patients with sorafenib-refractory HCC. The analysis of pre- and post-treatment biopsies confirmed that IGF-1R and ErbB3 are expressed in patients previously exposed to sorafenib, and their levels are decreased after MM-141 exposure. Arm C, combining MM-141, gemcitabine, and nab-paclitaxel in a “3+3” dose-escalation design is on-going. Conclusions: MM-141 was well tolerated as a monotherapy and translational analysis of pharmacodynamic parameters suggest appropriate target engagement. Combination data with gemcitabine/nab-paclitaxel will be presented and preparations for a randomized Phase 2 study in front-line pancreatic cancer are underway. Clinical trial information: NCT01733004.
T cell antigen receptor triggered exocytosis in cytotoxic T lymphocytes is inhibited by soluble, but not immobilized monoclonal antibodies to Lyt-2 antigen. (1987)

The effect of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to surface antigens on the T cell antigen receptor (TcR)-triggered exocytosis of intracellular granules in cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was studied. Soluble anti-LFA-1, anti-TcR, and anti-Lyt-2 mAb inhibited both CTL-inflicted 51Cr-release from the target cell (TC) and TC-stimulated exocytosis of granules from cloned CTL. Soluble anti-TcR and anti-Lyt-2 mAb but not soluble anti-LFA-1 mAb inhibited exocytosis, which was triggered by solid-phase anti-TcR mAb. Immobilized anti-Lyt-2 did not inhibit secretion triggered by immobilized anti-TcR mAb; immobilized anti-LFA-1 mAb had an modest inhibiting effect. Inhibition of exocytosis by soluble anti-Lyt-2 mAb was greater when stimulating anti-TcR mAb were immobilized at a lower density on a plastic surface. When the requirement for TcR cross-linking was bypassed by synergistic action of phorbol ester and ionophore A23187, no inhibition of exocytosis by soluble anti-Lyt-2 mAb was detected. The obtained data point to steric hindrance as the most likely explanation of the inhibition of TcR-triggered CTL activation by anti-Lyt-2 mAb.
14 Differential effects of exercise and nitrates on invasive haemodynamics in patients with coronary artery disease (2018)

<h3>Background</h3> Exertional angina and the response to nitrates have been recognised for over two centuries. This ischaemic cascade and the mechanistic relief by nitrates has not been extensively studied. The aim was to identify these precise haemodynamic changes. <h3>Methods</h3> In 31 patients with exertional angina and coronary artery disease, real-time simultaneous LV pressure-volume (PV) relations and invasive measures of coronary flow were performed in the cathlab. A novel software system was developed to analyse these simultaneous data. <h3>Results</h3> Compared to control, exercise induced ischaemia (supine cath lab ergometer) led to a rightward, upward shift in end-systolic (39±14 versus 71±31 mL; p&lt;0.001) and end-diastolic (90±28 vs 109±31 mL; p&lt;0.05) PV relations, decreased cardiac output (7±2.3 versus 4.5±1.9; p&lt;0.05) and impaired ventricular-arterial (VA) interaction (SVR 24±17 vs 44±18 mmHg.min/L; p&lt;0.05). Nitrates induced an opposing effect with leftward, downward shift of end-systolic and diastolic PV relations, reduced cardiac work (1.2±0.4 versus 1.5±0.5 J; p&lt;0.001) thus myocardial oxygen consumption, enhanced VA interaction and induced coronary stenosis dilatation (2.7±3.6 versus 4.4±3.3 mmHg/cm/sec; p&lt;0.01). <h3>Conclusions</h3> These data support the adverse haemodynamic consequences of ischaemia and the systemic and coronary vasodilatory effects of nitrates. The novel technology developed and used to assess real-time ventricular-arterial interaction has the potential to facilitate future works investigating haemodynamic change induced by disease states and therapeutic interventions.
ChemInform Abstract: Improved Synthesis of 5‐Benzyl‐2‐thiouracils. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydrodeoxygenation of potential platform chemicals derived from biomass to fuels and chemicals (2022)

This review summarizes a variety of catalytic systems to achieve the selective hydrodeoxygenation of potent biomass-derived platform chemicals with a focus on features including catalytic performance, active sites, and mechanism.
Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE), Far Detector Technical Design Report, Volume IV: Far Detector Single-phase Technology (2020)

The preponderance of matter over antimatter in the early universe, the dynamics of the supernovae that produced the heavy elements necessary for life, and whether protons eventually decay -- these mysteries at the forefront of particle physics and astrophysics are key to understanding the early evolution of our universe, its current state, and its eventual fate. DUNE is an international world-class experiment dedicated to addressing these questions as it searches for leptonic charge-parity symmetry violation, stands ready to capture supernova neutrino bursts, and seeks to observe nucleon decay as a signature of a grand unified theory underlying the standard model. Central to achieving DUNE's physics program is a far detector that combines the many tens-of-kiloton fiducial mass necessary for rare event searches with sub-centimeter spatial resolution in its ability to image those events, allowing identification of the physics signatures among the numerous backgrounds. In the single-phase liquid argon time-projection chamber (LArTPC) technology, ionization charges drift horizontally in the liquid argon under the influence of an electric field towards a vertical anode, where they are read out with fine granularity. A photon detection system supplements the TPC, directly enhancing physics capabilities for all three DUNE physics drivers and opening up prospects for further physics explorations. The DUNE far detector technical design report (TDR) describes the DUNE physics program and the technical designs of the single- and dual-phase DUNE liquid argon TPC far detector modules. Volume IV presents an overview of the basic operating principles of a single-phase LArTPC, followed by a description of the DUNE implementation. Each of the subsystems is described in detail, connecting the high-level design requirements and decisions to the overriding physics goals of DUNE.
WeAllWalk (2018)

We introduce WeAllWalk, a dataset of inertial sensor time series collected from blind and sighted walkers using a long cane or a guide dog. Ten blind volunteers (seven using a long cane, one using a guide dog, and two alternating use of a long cane and of a guide dog) as well as five sighted volunteers contributed to the data collection. The participants walked through fairly long and complex indoor routes that included obstacles to be avoided and doors to be opened. Inertial data were recorded by two iPhone 6s carried by our participants in their pockets and carefully annotated. Ground-truth heel strike times were measured by two small inertial sensor units clipped to the participants’ shoes. We also present an in-depth comparative analysis of various step counting and turn detection algorithms as tested on WeAllWalk. This analysis reveals interesting differences between the achievable accuracy of step and turn detection across different communities of sighted and blind walkers.