gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Validity of an Updated Metabolic Power Algorithm Based upon di Prampero’s Theoretical Model in Elite Soccer Players (2020)

The aim of this study was to update the metabolic power (MP) algorithm (PV˙O2, W·kg<sup>-1</sup>) related to the kinematics data (P<sub>GPS</sub>, W·kg<sup>-1</sup>) in a soccer-specific performance model. For this aim, seventeen professional (Serie A) male soccer players (V˙O2max 55.7 ± 3.4 mL·min<sup>-1</sup>·kg<sup>-1</sup>) performed a 6 min run at 10.29 km·h<sup>-1</sup> to determine linear-running energy cost (C<sub>r</sub>). On a separate day, thirteen also performed an 8 min soccer-specific intermittent exercise protocol. For both procedures, a portable Cosmed K4b<sup>2</sup> gas-analyzer and GPS (10 Hz) was used to assess the energy cost above resting (C). From this aim, the MP was estimated through a newly derived C equation (P<sub>GPSn</sub>) and compared with both the commonly used (P<sub>GPSo</sub>) equation and direct measurement (PV˙O2). Both P<sub>GPSn</sub> and P<sub>GPSo</sub> correlated with PV˙O2 (r = 0.66, <i>p</i> < 0.05). Estimates of fixed bias were negligible (P<sub>GPSn</sub> = -0.80 W·kg<sup>-1</sup> and P<sub>GPSo</sub> = -1.59 W·kg<sup>-1</sup>), and the bounds of the 95% CIs show that they were not statistically significant from 0. Proportional bias estimates were negligible (absolute differences from one being 0.03 W·kg<sup>-1</sup> for P<sub>GPSn</sub> and 0.01 W·kg<sup>-1</sup> for P<sub>GPSo</sub>) and not statistically significant as both 95% CIs span 1. All variables were distributed around the line of unity and resulted in an under- or overestimation of P<sub>GPSn</sub>, while P<sub>GPSo</sub> routinely underestimated MP across ranges. Repeated-measures ANOVA showed differences over MP conditions (<i>F</i><sub>1,38</sub> = 16.929 and <i>p</i> < 0.001). Following Bonferroni post hoc test significant differences regarding the MP between P<sub>GPSo</sub> and PV˙O2/P<sub>GPSn</sub> (<i>p</i> < 0.001) were established, while no differences were found between PV˙O2 and P<sub>GPSn</sub> (<i>p</i> = 0.853). The new approach showed it can help the coaches and the soccer trainers to better monitor external training load during the training seasons.
Quantification of Area at Risk during Coronary Occlusion and Reperfusion by Means of MR Perfusion Imaging (1997)

MR perfusion imaging has the potential to detect and quantify the size of ischemic myocardium and the region of post-occlusive hyperemia in the early reperfusion period. There is a significant direct linear relationship between the regional contrast enhancement of reperfused ischemic myocardium and the blood flow during post-occlusive hyperemia. The difference in the size of the area at risk at MR perfusion imaging and at histochemical morphometry may reflect an influence of coronary collateral circulation.
Antitumor spectrum of a new anthracycline, (2"R)-4'-O-tetrahydropyranyladriamycin, and effect on the cellular immune response in mice. (1985)

(2''R)-4'-O-Tetrahydropyranyladriamycin (THP), a new anthracycline antibiotic, showed stronger inhibition of the growth of L1210, CCMT (mouse mammary adenocarcinoma) and Yoshida sarcoma in rats than did adriamycin (ADM). The antitumor activity of THP against P388 and Meth-A (mouse fibrosarcoma) was equal or slightly superior to that of ADM. Moreover, THP was active against an ADM-resistant subline of P388. THP at the optimal effective dose against experimental tumors had no toxic effect on the cellular immune system in normal and tumor-bearing mice.
Pre-pouch Ileitis is Associated with Development of Crohn’s Disease-like Complications and Pouch Failure (2020)

Pre-pouch ileitis is associated with a higher risk of complicated disease and pouch failure than pouchitis. It should be considered a feature of CD.
CHFR Protein Expression Predicts Outcomes to Taxane-Based First Line Therapy in Metastatic NSCLC (2013)

CHFR expression is a novel predictive marker of response and overall survival in NSCLC patients treated with taxane-containing chemotherapy.
Sign Reversal of the Mn-O Bond Compressibility in La1.2Sr1.8Mn2O7belowTC: Exchange Striction in the Ferromagnetic State (1997)

The crystal structure of the layered perovskite ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.2}{\mathrm{Sr}}_{1.8}{\mathrm{Mn}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{7}$ has been studied under hydrostatic pressure up to $\ensuremath{\sim}6\mathrm{kbar}$, in the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic states, with neutron powder diffraction. The compressibility of the Mn-O apical bonds in the double layer of ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{6}$ octahedra changes sign from the paramagnetic insulator (PI) to the ferromagnetic metal (FM) state; in the FM state the Mn-O-Mn linkage between ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ planes expands under applied pressure, whereas they contract in the PI state. This counterintuitive behavior is interpreted in terms of exchange striction, which reflects the competition between super and double exchange. An increase of the Mn moment with applied pressure in the FM state is consistent with a positive ${\mathrm{dT}}_{C}/dP$, as well as a cant angle ${\ensuremath{\theta}}_{0}$ between the magnetizations of neighboring ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{2}$ sheets that decreases with pressure.
Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,3,6-Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyridines via Tf2O-Mediated Grob Fragmentation: Access to Indolizidines (−)-209I and (−)-223J (2010)

Herein we describe the γ-amino hydroxide Grob fragmentation of the aza-bicyclo[2.2.2]octene 1 using triflic anhydride as the activating agent. The resulting dihydropyridinium ion can react with a wide variety of Grignard reagents, giving access to 2,3,6-trisubstituted tetrahydropyridines (2) with high regio- and stereoselectivities. This methodology has been applied to the short synthesis of natural indolizidines (-)-209I (3) and (-)-223J (4).
Potassium transport in apical membrane vesicles from rabbit kidney cortex (1986)

K/sup 42/ or Rb/sup 86/ uptake was studied under equilibrium conditions in apical membrane vesicles prepared by Mg aggregation, differential centrifugation techniques from rabbit kidney cortex. The presence of apical vesicles was verified by 12-fold enrichment of alkaline phosphatase activity and the absence of basolateral vesicles by absence of ouabain-inhibitable Na-K, ATPase activity. Solutions contained 10 mM KCl, 40 mM TMA-Cl, 180 mM mannitol and 1 mM amiloride and were buffered to pH 7.5. Vesicular tracer uptake was linear from 0.25 to 2 min. The slope of that regression line was used to determine the initial exchange rate.K/sup 42/ and Rb/sup 86/ exchange rates did not differ. Increasing the temperature from 21 to 37/sup 0/C raised the exchange rate from 4.16 +/- .44 to 6.93 +/- 40 nEq/min/mg protein (n=5, p .4). 1 mM external BaCl/sub 2/ reduced exchange from 5.50 +/- .78 to 3.82 +/- .71 nEq/min/mg prot. (n=5, p > .05). These results suggest that in the presence of amiloride, K exchange occurs via channels that are sensitive to temperature, pH and barium.« less
Caspase-mediated Cleavage Converts the Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptor-associated Factor (TRAF)-1 from a Selective Modulator of TNF Receptor Signaling to a General Inhibitor of NF-κB Activation (2003)

The role of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor (TRAF)-1 in NF-kappaB activation by various members of the TNF receptor family is not well understood, and conflicting data have been published. Here, we show that TRAF1 differentially affects TRAF2 recruitment and activation of NF-kappaB by members of the TNF receptor family. Interestingly, a naturally occurring caspase-derived cleavage product of TRAF1 solely comprising its TRAF domain (TRAF1-(164-416)) acted as a general inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation. In contrast, a corresponding fragment generated by cleavage of TRAF3 showed no effect in this regard. In accordance with these functional data, TRAF1, but not TRAF3, interacted with the IKK complex via its N-TRAF domain. Endogenous TRAF1 and the overexpressed TRAF domain of TRAF1 were found to be constitutively associated with the IKK complex, whereas endogenous receptor interacting protein was only transiently associated with the IKK complex upon TNF stimulation. Importantly, the caspase-generated TRAF1-fragment, but not TRAF1 itself inhibited IKK activation. Our results suggest that TRAF1 and TRAF1-(164-416) exert their regulatory effects on receptor-induced NF-kappaB activation not only by modulation of TRAF2 receptor interaction but especially TRAF1-(164-416) also by directly targeting the IKK complex.
<title>Compact, low-power precision beam-steering mirror</title> (1991)

Attention is given to a family of single-mirror two-axis beam steering systems (TABS) developed for fine pointing control of an optical beam. The requirement is to control the line of sight of the optical system on board such a platform with sufficient bandwidth to overcome the perturbations and thus maintain the laser communication link between two satellites. The armature is supported on its center of gravity on a gimble. A balanced design is achieved with the mirror and tachometer magnets on one side of the gimbal and the torque magnets on the other. A negative magnetic spring constant which compensates for the angular restraining effects of the flexure bearings without any radial stiffness consequences is incorporated.
Computed laser tomography flow diagnostics (1983)

Computed tomography is a method of reconstructing Images from its line integrals along a large number of intersecting rays In a plane. Simulations have shown that reconstructive tomography can provide good spatial resolution of the density of a species in gases.1 Laser-probed computed tomography provides a nonintrusive method of measuring physical quantities in a plane rapidly in contrast with point measurement techniques. Furthermore, tomography does not require the ability to have access outside the plane of Interest, This feature makes tomography a very interesting diagnostic technique whenever 3-D access is not possible as is the case in opaque or very large systems. Because absorption measurements are made, tomography data are easier to interpret than fluorescence data whenever large-pressure differences affect the fluorescence rate through quenching, as in supersonic flow.
A Modularization Method for Battery Equalizers Using Multiwinding Transformers (2017)

This paper proposes a modularized global architecture using multi-winding transformers for battery cell balancing. The global balancing for a series-connected battery string is achieved based on forward conversion in each battery module and based on flyback conversion among modules. The demagnetization of the multiwinding transformers is also simultaneously achieved by the flyback conversion among modules without the need of additional demagnetizing circuits. Moreover, all MOSFET switches are driven by two complementary pulse width modulation signals without the requirement of cell voltage sensors, and energy can be automatically and simultaneously delivered from any high voltage cells to any low voltage cells. Compared with existing equalizers requiring additional balancing circuits for battery modules, the proposed modularized equalizer shares one circuit for the balancing among cells and modules. The balancing performance of the proposed equalizer is perfectly verified through experimental results, and the maximum balancing efficiency is up to 91.3%. In summary, the proposed modularized equalizer has the advantages of easier modularization, simpler control, higher efficiency, smaller size, and lower cost, ensuring the battery system higher reliability and easier implementation.
System performance of Single-User MIMO in LTE downlink (2008)

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing is a multi-carrier modulation scheme, where information symbols are transmitted in parallel over the channel by using a set of subcarriers. One of the main advantages is increased robustness against frequency selective fading and narrowband interference. In this paper we study the performance of two dual-codeword Single-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (SU-MIMO) schemes, i.e. per antenna rate control (PARC) and Precoded MIMO (PREC), in an OFDM deployment. For PARC we consider 2times2 and 4times4 antenna configurations and for Precoded MIMO 4times4 antenna configuration only. Our study is performed with a downlink Long Term Evolution (LTE) system simulator. The results indicate that in terms of average sector throughput the four-stream schemes outperform the dual-stream scheme by approximately 75-90%. Moreover, the four-stream schemes have significant coverage gain compared to the dual-stream scheme. When comparing the four-stream schemes against each other, the relative gain of the precoded scheme in average sector throughput is about 5-6%. From coverage perspective, PREC is about 13-20% better than PARC.
Differential Regulation of Bax, Bcl‐2, and Bcl‐X Proteins in Focal Cortical Ischemia in the Rat (1998)

Focal ischemia in the parietal cortex of the rat results in massive neuronal death in the infarct zone and penumbra between 12 hours and 6 days after photothrombosis. To examine a possible role of Bcl-2 family proteins in this process of cell death, we investigated their expression by immunoblot assays and immunocytochemistry, and correlated expression patterns with TUNEL as well as morphological signs indicative of apoptosis. In the center of the lesion Bax immunostaining was increased in many degenerating neurons between 4 hours and 3 days after the induction of photothrombosis. At all time points examined, Bcl-2 and Bcl-X protein levels were markedly reduced in injured neurons as compared to the unlesioned side. At the border of the ischemic lesion, two areas were distinguished: 1 - 2 days after induction of photothrombosis, pyknotic cells located immediately adjacent to the lesion core displayed nuclear Bcl-X and Bax immunoreactivity. In contrast, large, morphologically intact neurons located more towards the healthy brain parenchyma displayed an increase in cytoplasmic Bcl-2 and Bcl-X proteins. Double staining for each of the Bcl-2 family proteins and TUNEL revealed that DNA strand breaks and nuclear fragmentation seen in cells located in the lesion core were often associated with increased levels of Bax, but not with elevated Bcl-2 or Bcl-X protein levels, suggesting a role for Bax in the induction of apoptotic death in these cells. The upregulation of Bcl-2 and Bcl-X expression in surviving neurons close to the penumbra might reflect an active survival mechanism that protects these neurons from cell death following a sublethal insult.
The architecture of a distributed virtual worlds system (1998)

We have developed an object model that facilitates the development of shared virtual environments. We have implemented our object model on top of COM and OLE Automation and facilitated access from Active Scripting enabled languages. This paper provides a brief description of the work we have done on the V-Worlds project.
Predicting and Understanding Unexpected Respiratory Decompensation in Critical Care Using Sparse and Heterogeneous Clinical Data (2018)

Hospital intensive care units (ICUs) care for severely ill patients, many of whom require some form of organ support. Clinicians in ICUs are often challenged with integrating large volumes of continuously recorded physiological and clinical data in order to diagnose and treat patients. In this work, we focus on developing interpretable models for predicting unexpected respiratory decompensation requiring intubation in ICU patients. Predicting need for intubation could have important implications for the patient and medical staff and potentially enable timely interventions for improved patient outcome. Using data from adult ICU patients from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care (MIMIC)-III database, we developed gradient boosting models for predicting intubation onset. In a cohort of 12,470 patients, of whom 1,067 were intubated (8.55%), we achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.89, with 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.87 - 0.91, when predicting intubation 3 hours ahead of time, a significant increase (p<;0.001) over the AUROC achieved using several baselines, including logistic regression (0.81, 95% CI 0.78 - 0.84) and neural networks (0.80, 95% CI 0.77 - 0.83]). Finally, we conducted feature importance analysis using gradient boosting and derived useful insights in understanding the relative importance of clinical vs. biological variables in predicting impending respiratory decompensation in ICUs.
Versatile sensing for mobile devices (2011)

Spectrum sensing received a lot of attention as a key aspect in the realization of opportunistic radios. Even today, there is a strong belief in the community that the cost and performance of sensing solutions don't meet the stringent requirements of Opportunistic Spectrum Access (OSA). In this paper, the cost and measured performance of a sensing solution is studied. The solution is versatile, and performance/cost analysis is performed for sensing of Digital Broadcast TV for OSA in the TV White Spaces and for sensing of LTE signals for improved coexistence with and for LTE networks. We show how the solution could be used to upgrade mobile devices with sensing capabilities, or as a standalone spectrum sensing prototype.
Interlaced spectrally encoded confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscopy and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (2010)

Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) have become essential clinical diagnostic tools in ophthalmology by allowing for video-rate noninvasive en face and depth-resolved visualization of retinal structure. Current generation multimodal imaging systems that combine both SLO and OCT as a means of image tracking remain complex in their hardware implementations. Here, we combine a spectrally encoded confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (SECSLO) with an ophthalmic SDOCT system. This novel implementation of an interlaced SECSLO-SDOCT system allows for video-rate SLO fundus images to be acquired alternately with high-resolution SDOCT B-scans as a means of image aiming, guidance, and registration as well as motion tracking. The system shares the illumination source, detection system, and scanning optics between both SLO and OCT as a method of providing a simple multimodal ophthalmic imaging system that can readily be implemented as a table-top or hand-held device.
Synthesis of Platelike {100} SrTiO3 Particles by Topochemical Microcrystal Conversion and Fabrication of Grain-Oriented Ceramics (2006)

Platelike SrTiO3 particles with a cubic perovskite structure were synthesized by topochemical microcrystal conversion (TMC) from platelike precursor particles of layer-structured SrBi4Ti4O15 at 950 °C. SrTiO3 particles preserved the shape of precursor particles, and had a thickness of approximately 0.5 µm and a width of 5–10 µm. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that in the TMC reaction, the crystallographic {001} plane of SrBi4Ti4O15 is converted into the {100} plane of SrTiO3. Using the platelike SrTiO3 particles as a template in templated grain growth method, dense {100} grain-oriented SrTiO3 ceramics having a {100} orientation degree (Lotgering's factor) higher than 91% could be fabricated at sintering temperatures between 1350 and 1550 °C. The maximum orientation factor reached 99.3%.
Guest Editorial (2008)

The 22 papers in this special section focus on photovoltaic power processing systems.
Optical Properties of CdSe Superlattices (2005)

Three-dimensional, faceted assemblies of CdSe nanocrystals were grown to microscopic sizes sufficient for identification and direct characterization. Analyses made by optical, fluorescence, and transmission electron microscopy showed that individual, faceted superlattices are composed of nearly single-size nanocrystals assembled into fcc lattices. Photoluminescence was measured in individual superlattices, and the results were compared to the same measurements made in amorphous solid layers and solutions of nanocrystals. Differences in the shape and peak positions of photoluminescence spectra are explained by energy transfer processes determined by nanocrystal size distribution, structure of solid layers, and presence of aggregates in solutions.
Induction of proliferation of human follicular (B type) lymphoma cells by cognate interaction with CD4+ T cell clones. (1990)

We examined stimuli which are required for the induction of in vitro proliferation of follicular lymphoma cells, a low grade non-Hodgkin's B cell lymphoma characterized by a specific chromosomal translocation, t(14;18)(q32;q21), and by in vivo growth of the lymphoma cells in germinal center-like follicles infiltrated with CD4+ T cells. The purified follicular lymphoma cells, which are morphologically uniform, small, and dense, did not respond to stimulation with soluble lymphokines in the absence of T cells. Vigorous in vitro proliferation of follicular lymphoma cells was induced, however, when the follicular lymphoma cells were cultured with a CD4+ T cell clone which recognized alloantigens expressed by the lymphoma cells. This response required B-T cell contact, and was inhibited by anti-class II but not by anti-class I MHC mAb, indicating that these neoplastic B cells behaved as normal B cells and responded to normal activation and differentiation signals from T cells. After the cognate B lymphoma-T cell interaction occurred in culture, addition of IL-2 or IL-4 enhanced the proliferation of the tumor cells. These results, with a monoclonal and homogeneous population of B cells, affirm the idea that cognate interaction between B cells and Th cells is required for the effective activation of resting B cells. Moreover, these results suggest that a critical host-tumor interaction occurs in vivo, and that the polyclonal CD4+ T cells that infiltrate follicular lymphomas play a role in sustaining rather than inhibiting tumor growth in vivo. If so, therapies directed not only against the neoplastic cell but also against specific T cells and their cognate interactions with tumor cells may have a rationale.
Smaller, smarter, faster, and more accurate: the new overlay metrology (2010)

With the introduction of double patterning, overlay capability below 5nm is required for optical lithography density scaling to the 22nm node and beyond. Commensurate overlay metrology must enable dense sampling of all patterned area to control single-nanometer systematic sources of error among an increasing number of device layers. This translates to the need for sub-second measurement of microscopic targets representing multiple layers within a metrology tool field of view, all while improving accuracy. Blossom (BLO) is the overlay metrology of record for the IBM 32nm technology. As we will describe here, the densely packed array of layers represented in a single BLO target has enabled us to conduct within-field in-line sampling on our most critical layers. We will also report the significant improvements to metrology performance that have resulted from our migration of BLO technology to a new measurement platform. In addition, as 22nm development proceeds, we are shrinking our overlay targets further. A target suitable for within-chip insertion, a 10&mu;m square micro-Blossom (&mu;BLO) target, can accommodate up to 8 layers. Correlation of &mu;BLO to BLO measurements on a layer pair shows excellent agreement, and despite an approximately 10X area shrink relative to BLO, the &mu;BLO measurement uncertainty remains comfortably below 0.5nm. Our paper presents details of our target layout, measurement, and analysis approach. In addition, we detail data representative of overlay variation in state-of-the-art lithographic processes, along with our outlook for overlay metrology implementation for future technologies.