gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An improved means of faecal diversion: the trephine stoma (1993)

An improved means of faecal diversion: the trephine stoma
Sensomics Analysis of Taste Compounds in Balsamic Vinegar and Discovery of 5-Acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde as a Novel Sweet Taste Modulator (2012)

Sensory-directed fractionation of traditional balsamic vinegar of Modena (TBV) led to the identification of the sweet-bitter tasting hexose acetates 6-O-acetyl-α/β-d-glucopyranose and 1-O-acetyl-β-d-fructopyranose as well as the previously unknown sweetness modulator 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde. Taste re-engineering experiments and sensory time-intensity studies confirmed 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde to contribute to the typical long-lasting sweet taste quality of TBV. Moreover, the response of the sweet taste receptor to this furaldehyde was verified by means of a functional hTAS1R2/hTAS1R3 receptor assay. Quantitative analysis of a total of 59 nonvolatile sensometabolites and taste modulators revealed higher concentrations of the sweet-modulating 5-acetoxymethyl-2-furaldehyde, nonvolatile organic acids and polyphenols such as wood-derived ellagitannins, and lower concentrations of acetic acid in the premium quality TBV when compared to balsamic vinegar of Modena (BV). Quantitative monitoring of sensometabolites throughout TBV manufacturing, followed by agglomerative hierarchical clustering and sensomics heatmapping, gave molecular insights into the taste alterations occurring during TBV maturation.
Correlation of features on OCT with visual acuity and Gass lesion type in Best vitelliform macular dystrophy (2021)

OCT-based structural features are readily identifiable in patients with BVMD and have prognostic importance due to their correlation with BCVA.
Preemption-aware dynamic voltage scaling in hard real-time systems (2004)

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a well-known low-power design technique for embedded real-time systems. Because of its effectiveness on energy reduction, several variable voltage processors have been developed and many DVS algorithms targeting these processors have been proposed. However, most existing DVS algorithms focus on reducing the energy consumption of CPU only, ignoring their negative impacts on task scheduling and system wide energy consumption. In this paper, we address one of such side effects, an increase in task preemptions due to DVS. We present two preemption control techniques which can reduce the number of task preemptions of DVS algorithms. Experimental results show that the delayed-preemption technique is effective in reducing the number of preemptions incurred by DVS algorithms while achieving a high energy efficiency.
Efficiency of highly nonlinear fiber in soliton converter for 40 Gbit/s 10,000 km fiber transmission (2003)

We show that highly nonlinear fiber is essential to reduce the input power, length, loss, and noise of a soliton converter, and that it actually halves the input power and length compared with a conventional DSF in 40 Gbit/s 10,000 km transmission.
Health Effects of Lesion Localization in Multiple Sclerosis: Spatial Registration and Confounding Adjustment (2014)

Brain lesion localization in multiple sclerosis (MS) is thought to be associated with the type and severity of adverse health effects. However, several factors hinder statistical analyses of such associations using large MRI datasets: 1) spatial registration algorithms developed for healthy individuals may be less effective on diseased brains and lead to different spatial distributions of lesions; 2) interpretation of results requires the careful selection of confounders; and 3) most approaches have focused on voxel-wise regression approaches. In this paper, we evaluated the performance of five registration algorithms and observed that conclusions regarding lesion localization can vary substantially with the choice of registration algorithm. Methods for dealing with confounding factors due to differences in disease duration and local lesion volume are introduced. Voxel-wise regression is then extended by the introduction of a metric that measures the distance between a patient-specific lesion mask and the population prevalence map.
Novel low-overhead operand isolation techniques for low-power datapath synthesis (2006)

Power consumption in datapath modules due to redundant switching is an important design concern for high-performance applications. Operand isolation schemes are adopted to reduce redundant switching in datapaths. However, they incur considerable overhead in terms of delay, power, and area. This paper presents novel operand isolation techniques based on supply gating that reduce the overheads associated with isolating circuitry. The proposed schemes also target leakage minimization and application of operand isolation at the internal logic of datapath to further reduce power consumption. We integrate the proposed techniques and power/delay models to develop a complete flow for low-power datapath synthesis. Simulation results show that the proposed operand isolation techniques can achieve at least 40% reduction in power consumption compared to the original circuit with minimal area overhead (5%) and small delay penalty (0.15%).
A Compositional Approach to Safety-Critical Resilient Control for Systems with Coupled Dynamics (2022)

Complex, interconnected Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) are increasingly common in applications including smart grids and transportation. Ensuring safety of interconnected systems whose dynamics are coupled is challenging because the effects of faults and attacks in one sub-system can propagate to other sub-systems and lead to safety violations. In this paper, we study the problem of safety-critical control for CPS with coupled dynamics when some sub-systems are subject to failure or attack. We first propose resilient-safety indices (RSIs) for the faulty or compromised sub-systems that bound the worst-case impacts of faulty or compromised sub-systems on a set of specified safety constraints. By incorporating the RSIs, we provide a sufficient condition for the synthesis of control policies in each failure- and attack- free sub-systems. The synthesized control policies compensate for the impacts of the faulty or compromised sub-systems to guarantee safety. We formulate sum-of-square optimization programs to compute the RSIs and the safety-ensuring control policies. We present a case study that applies our proposed approach on the temperature regulation of three coupled rooms. The case study demonstrates that control policies obtained using our algorithm guarantee system's safety constraints.
Quantification of forward and backward arterial waves by model-based analysis of aortic and femoral artery pressure waveforms (2008)

We developed a technique to quantify forward and backward arterial waves by model-based analysis of aortic and femoral artery pressure waveforms. Thus, in contrast to conventional techniques, our technique does not require a more difficult arterial flow measurement. We validated the forward and backward waves through a set of canine experiments by showing that the waves accurately predicted a third arterial pressure waveform measurement and changed in the expected manner to interventions of known effect. We also calculated the waves during nine different hemodynamic conditions. Our results showed that the relative magnitude of the backward wave was smallest during nitroglycerin and dobutamine and largest during phenylephrine and hemorrhage, while the time delay between the two waves was smallest during atrial pacing and about the same during the remaining eight conditions.
Improvement of the Jet Cutting Method for the Preparation of Spherical Particles from Viscous Polymer Solutions (1998)

Processes for the production of spherical beads distributed uniformly are of major interest in different industries. Recently, the authors presented a new method for the production of uniform spherical particles. Here they report about recent improvements of the jet cutting method with regard to the mathematical model and the reduction of losses by the application of diagonal cutting.
The detection of chemical and biological analytes using a monolithic spiral coil acoustic transduction sensor (2008)

The monolithic spiral coil acoustic transduction (MSCAT) sensor platform is a novel bulk acoustic wave (BAW) device which is excited by a gold spiral coil antenna photolithographically deposited on one side of an AT-quartz wafer. The MSCAT platform can operate at very high frequencies by efficiently exciting high harmonic transverse shear modes with the application of a high frequency RF signal to the spiral coil. Since one surface of the MSCAT device is bare, this device can be used as a sensing platform upon which one deposits analyte selective chemical or biological films. The bare surface allows the detection of analyte induced mechanical (mass and viscoelasticity) and electrical (conductivity and dielectric constant) property changes in the film. In order to demonstrate the applicability of a MSCAT device as a sensor, the MSCAT platform is coated with biological and chemical films selective to Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, the E. coli strain most often responsible for serious illnesses in humans, and saxitoxin (STX), the most dangerous neurotoxin associated with shellfish poisoning stemming from red tide, respectively.
High Temperature Oxidation of Advanced High Strength Steel: HT-XRD Method for Quantitative Evaluation (2011)

Thermal barrier coating (TBC) is a need for automotive components to avoid high temperature oxidation during hot forming. The formation of thick and flaky iron (Fe) oxide layers at high temperature on the high strength steel (HSS) is not acceptable because that can damage &amp; pollute the pressing tool surface and interfere with the welding process. A TBC is evaluated on the HSS using HT-XRD (high temperature x-ray diffraction) technique to understand quantitative evolution of oxidation at high temperature. The characterisation results of the present coating system have shown significant reduction in oxidation of the substrate and inhibit the formation of flaky oxide layers at elevated temperature.
A tutorial on X10 and its implementation (2013)

This talk will present a high-level introduction to the X10 language and its implementation with the goal of ensuring a common base knowledge of X10 by all workshop attendees. The X10 language will be introduced primarily via code examples with a focus on X10's support for concurrency and distribution via the APGAS (Asynchronous Partitioned Global Address Space) programming model. The discussion of the X10 implementation will cover the structure of the X10 compiler and the X10 runtime system. The talk is designed to be interactive and will include time for questions and answers and general discussion.
Pharmacological suppression of the kallikrein kinin system with KVD900: An orally available plasma kallikrein inhibitor for the on‐demand treatment of hereditary angioedema (2022)

KVD900 is a fast-acting oral PKa inhibitor that rapidly inhibits PKa activity, kallikrein kinin system activation and HK cleavage in plasma. On-demand administration of KVD900 may provide an opportunity to halt the generation of bradykinin and reverse HAE attacks.
Back Cover: Single‐Atom Gold Catalysis in the Context of Developments in Parahydrogen‐Induced Polarization (Chem. Eur. J. 19/2015) (2015)

Gold atoms dispersed on multiwalled carbon nanotubes have been successfully utilized in the heterogeneous hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene or 1-butyne with parahydrogen, as reported by K. V. Kovtunov et al. in their Communication on page 7012 ff. The estimated contributions of the pairwise hydrogen addition route, and therefore the achieved NMR signal enhancement levels, are at least an order of magnitude higher than those obtained with supported metal nanoparticles.
Photoluminescence and excimer emission of functional groups in light‐emitting polymers (2002)

Abstract Near‐UV and blue‐light‐emitting polymers were synthesized with luminescent functional groups in the side chains or in the polymer main chain. The unsubstituted fluorophores, 2,5‐diphenylfuran, 2‐phenylbenzoxazole, and triphenylamine, do not form excimers in solution; however, in the case of polymers, excimer emission was negligible only with 2‐phenylbenzoxazole derivatives. The monomers as well as the polymers, poly(2‐(4‐vinylphenyl)‐benzoxazole), poly{ N ‐(4‐benzoxazol‐2‐yl‐phenyl)‐ N ′‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]urea}, and the polyurea of 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)‐5‐aminobenzoxazole with 1,5‐diisocyanato‐2‐methylpentane, were strong blue emitters; photoluminescence shifted to longer wavelengths than that of 2‐phenylbenzoxazole. Light‐emitting polymers containing 2,5‐diphenylfuran derivatives, including poly[2‐(4‐vinylphenyl)‐5‐phenylfuran], poly[2‐(4‐vinylphenyl)‐5‐(4‐ tert ‐butylphenyl)furan], and poly(N‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]‐ N ′‐{4‐[5‐(4‐ tert ‐butylphenyl)‐2‐furyl]phenyl}urea), particularly in solid films, exhibited a strong blue excimer emission. The emission characteristics of polymers with triphenylamine side chains were influenced by the mode of attachment of the luminescent group. A longer spacer group between the lumophore and the polymer main chain successfully minimized excimer emission in poly{ N ‐[2‐(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]‐ N ′‐[4‐( N , N ‐diphenylamino)phenyl]urea}, showing near UV/violet photoluminescence. Polymers with a shorter connecting group, such as poly[4‐( N , N ‐diphenylamino)benzyl acrylate], displayed blue excimer emission. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 87: 1634–1645, 2003
A screen composition method for mobile interactive multi-display environment (2015)

To date, a mobile multi-screen system is emerged to satisfy customer's requirement for playing various interactive contents with bigger screen size. However, it is costful job to configure visual mapping for screen locations. To resolve this problem, we propose an intuitive composition method for an interactive multi-screen system. With proposed method, we present scenarios that compose a visual screen with multiple display devices which have various screen size.
GS35 Fabrication of Composite Porous Aluminum by A1050 and ADC12 and Evaluation of its Compression Properties (2013)

Porous aluminum is multifunctional material with ultra light weight and high energy absorption properties. In this study, composite porous aiuminum by A1050 and ADC12 was fabricated by friction stir processing (FSP) route. The compression properties and deformation behavior of composite porous aiuminum was obtained by the compression test. Nondestructive observation of the pore structures of the composite porous aiuminum was conducted by X ray CT observation.
P2‐481: Small molecule BACE‐1 inhibitors are potent, selective and orally active (2008)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a progressive, degenerative disease of the brain and most common form of dementia. β-amyloid deposits and neurofibrillary tangles are two major pathologic characterizations associated with AD. β-amyloid deposits are predominately aggregates of the Aβ peptide (Aβ, 39–43 residues), which is the product of the proteolytic cleavage of the membrane-bound β-amyloid precursor protein (APP). Aβ peptide results from the sequential cleavage of APP, first at the N-terminus by β-secretase enzyme (BACE-1), followed at the C-terminus by one or more γ-secretases. Although, the cause of AD remains mainly unknown, a large body of evidence suggests that Aβ production affects the deterioration of the brain in AD patients. Limit Aβ production may offer an effective treatment for AD. BACE-1 inhibition is considered a prominent therapeutic target for treating AD by diminishing Aβ peptide in AD patients. Our design and development of potent, selective and orally active inhibitors of β-secretase (BACE1) was based on the initial HTS hit WY-24454 (IC50 = 40 uM), and supported by X-ray crystallography and molecular modeling studies. This approach enabled us to rapidly explore the rather large ligand-binding pocket of BACE1 and generate structurally diverse, and potent (FRET; IC50 =10 nM) BACE1 inhibitors. We have identified key interactions between the ligand and the BACE1 protein at the S2', S3 and FLAP regions of the binding pocket, that have contributed to the selectivity of our compounds against other aspartyl proteases. Several compounds have also demonstrated excellent activity in a cell-based assay (ELISA; EC50 = 10–50 nM). WAY-258131 exemplifies the pharmacological profile of this class of compounds. WAY-258131 was efficacious in vivo, near normalizing plasma Aβ levels and significantly reducing Aβ levels in the brain after oral administration. WAY-258131 was also active in a cognition in vivo model by reversing the cognitive deficits exhibited by Tg2576 mice, as assessed by compound-mediated increased % freezing vs. vehicle in the contextual fear-conditioning model for hippocampal-mediated memory. WAY-258131 represents an excellent biological tool towards the understanding of APP processing, as well as the development of disease-modifying AD therapeutics.
Blue and green GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with AlInN/GaN DBR (2021)

We demonstrated a room-temperature continuous-wave (CW) operation of the milliwatt-class single-mode blue and green VCSELs with epitaxially grown AlInN/GaN DBRs on <i>c</i>-plane GaN substrates. The emission wavelength and the threshold current of the blue VCSEL were 442.3 nm and 0.40 mA, respectively. The wall plug efficiency of the blue VCSEL was 13.6%, which is the highest value ever reported. Moreover, stable CW operation beyond 1,000 hours has been confirmed under 0.6 mW at 25 &deg;C. Lasing yield in a 2 in. wafer was more than 80 percent at an average threshold current of 1 mA. Furthermore, we also succeeded in providing high performance green VCSELs. The emission wavelength and the threshold current of the green VCSELs were 514.9 nm and 2.8 mA, respectively. The optical output power was over 1.5 mW and the wall plug efficiency achieved 3.7%, which is the best record for GaN-based green VCSELs. These results will enhance the possibility of the practical use of blue and green VCSELs in the near future.
Investigating a stretched vortex with ultrafast two-dimensional ultrasonic speckle velocimetry (2001)

Ultrasonic speckle velocimetry (USV) was recently introduced as a new ultrafast tool for measuring fluid velocities in two dimensions by analyzing the speckle signal backscattered from particles moving with the flow [Sandrin et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 78, 1155 (2001)]. An experimental study of a stationary stretched vortex is presented, which demonstrates the efficiency of ultrafast 2D USV in terms of quantitative assessment of vortical flows. The full velocity field is recovered and compared to the Burgers model for two different fluids: water and milk. The dependence of the vortex characteristics on the main control parameter is investigated.
Iterative multiscale gradient computation for heterogeneous subsurface flow (2019)

We introduce a semi-analytical iterative multiscale derivative computation methodology that allows for error control and reduction to any desired accuracy, up to fine-scale precision. The model responses are computed by the multiscale forward simulation of flow in heterogeneous porous media. The derivative computation method is based on the augmentation of the model equation and state vectors with the smoothing stage defined by the iterative multiscale method. In the formulation, we avoid additional complexity involved in computing partial derivatives associated to the smoothing step. We account for it as an approximate derivative computation stage. The numerical experiments illustrate how the newly introduced derivative method computes misfit objective function gradients that converge to fine-scale one as the iterative multiscale residual converges. The robustness of the methodology is investigated for test cases with high contrast permeability fields. The iterative multiscale gradient method casts a promising approach, with minimal accuracy-efficiency tradeoff, for large-scale heterogeneous porous media optimization problems.
Nutraceuticals (2004)

Abstract Nutraceuticals are the active ingredients in functional food or nutritional supplements that deliver a health benefit. The past years have seen an enormous increase in the understanding of the role of these ingredients for health and wellness. Consequently, this resulted in a fast growing market of new active ingredients as well as consumer products containing them. Examples of products well established on the market are n ‐β long‐chain fatty acids to reduce cardiovascular riks, probiotics to improve the growth of beneficial intestinal flora, phytosterols to reduce cholesterol uptake and folic acid to reduce homocysteine, a risk factor for cardiovasucular disease. Combinations of essential nutrients and nutraceuticals contribute to wellness, may strenghen the health promoting potential by synergy and could be expected to reduce risk for chromic diseases. Regulatory authorities worldwide catch up with these developments and provide guidelines and rules and define requirements regarding safety, efficacy, and intake levels. Based on their deifinition, nutraceuticals contain product classes like vitamins, carotenoids, n ‐3 long‐chain fatty acids, polyphenols, flavons and isoflavons, sterols, and an enormous number of products from different chemical structures. Nature provides thousands and thousands of minor constituents from which as a mixture a health benefit has been described or claimed in the literature. The identification of the single compounds and the investigation of their potential health effects are a difficult and science‐intensive process. This article describes trends in nutrition, processes for the identification of nutraceuticals and major established products as well as products in development including markets and future trends.
Catalytic Enantioselective Reduction of β,β‐Disubstituted Vinyl Phenyl Sulfones by Using Bisphosphine Monoxide Ligands. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Surgical management of pituitary adenomas (2014)

This chapter focuses on the management of pituitary adenomas, and examines the various hormone-secreting subtypes, non-functioning adenomas, medical and surgical management of the lesions, and pitfalls using each therapeutic modality. The prolactin-secreting pituitary adenoma, or prolactinoma, is the most common type of pituitary adenoma. Pituitary tumors can present with hypogonadism and galactorrhea. Cushing’s disease occurs in the setting of a pituitary adenoma secreting Adreno-corticotropic hormone. The diagnosis of Cushing’s disease is made in the setting of clinical suspicion affirmed with laboratory results of hypercortisolemia. The goal of surgery is to achieve a gross total resection of the adenoma when possible and maximal cytoreduction if there is invasive disease. Patients with hyperthyroidism have been reported to harbor pituitary adenomas secreting thyrotropin. As this is quite a rare condition, many these patients have had thyroidectomy under the assumption of primary hyperthyroidism. The diagnosis, treatment, and perioperative management of pituitary adenomas lie at the intersection of multiple disciplines.