gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High strain rate superplastic bulge forming of SiC particle reinforced 2124 aluminum alloy composite. (1998)

High strain rate superplastic bulge forming of aluminum alloy matrix composite sheets reinforced by SiC particles was studied and compared to their deformation characteristics in a tensile test. Bulge forming test was performed at elevated temperatures using 36 mm diameter blank disks by gas pressure. The bulge shapes were successfully formed at high strain rate (about 0.1/s) at which superplasticity is observed in the tensile test. The superplastic formability of the composite with 25% volume fraction of SiC particles is better than that with 17% SiC, corresponding to the measured elongation in the tensile test. The limit bulge height of the sheet with the same SiC volume fraction is increased with increasing initial thickness. The higher forming gas pressure, namely the higher forming rate, lead to the uniform thickness distributions of the bulged part. The maximum thickness strain at the top of the bulge and the applied stress calculated from the forming gas pressure in bulge forming can be concerned with the elongation and the flow stress in the tensile test.
Effect of Consuming Fermented Milk with Vegetables on Carotenoid Absorption in Healthy Humans: A Randomized Crossover Study (2022)

A three-group, three-period, randomized crossover study was conducted to compare plasma carotenoid absorption after concomitant consumption of vegetables and different doses of fermented milk. Eighteen healthy males participated. The fermented milk included milk protein, lactobacilli metabolites, and vegetable fats. The concentrations of carotenoids in plasma triacylglycerol-rich lipoprotein (TRL) fractions were determined from blood samples collected before and 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after consumption of the test foods, which comprised either: vegetables (235 g), vegetables plus a low dose (7.5 g) of fermented milk, or vegetables plus a high dose (15 g) of fermented milk. The incremental area under the concentration-time curve (iAUC) for α-carotene, β-carotene, and lycopene in the plasma TRL fraction was significantly higher for consumption of vegetables plus either the low or high dose of fermented milk, in comparison with vegetables alone. The iAUC for lutein in the plasma fraction of whole blood was significantly higher for consumption of vegetables plus a high dose of fermented milk, in comparison with vegetables only. These results suggest that concomitant consumption of vegetables and fermented milk may enhance the absorption of vegetable-derived carotenoids, relative to consumption of vegetables alone.
Experimental Techniques and Structural Parameter Estimation Studies of Spacecraft Cables (2011)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Crystal structure-size relationship in ultrafine metallic particles (1989)

Ultrafine particles usually have unique physical properties. This study illustrates how the lattice defects and interfacial structures between particles are related to the size of ultrafine crystalline gold particles. Colloidal gold particles were produced by reducing gold chloride with sodium citrate at 100°C. In this process, particle size can be controlled by changing the concentration of the reactant. TEM samples are prepared by transferring a small amount of solution onto a thin (5 nm) carbon film which is suspended on a copper grid. In this work, all experiments were performed with Philips 430T at 300 kV. With controlled seeded growth, particles of different sizes are produced, as shown in Figure 1. By a careful examination, it can be resolved that very small particles have lattice defects with complex interfaces. Some typical particle structures include multiple twins, resulting in a five-fold symmetry bicrystals, and highly disordered regions. Many particles are too complex to be described by simple models.
Comparing exact and approximate spatial auto-regression model solutions for spatial data analysis (2004)

Abstract. The spatial auto-regression (SAR) model is a popular spatial data analysis technique, which has been used in many applications with geo-spatial datasets. However, exact solutions for estimating SAR parameters are computationally expensive due to the need to compute all the eigenvalues of a very large matrix. Recently we developed a dense-exact parallel formulation of the SAR parameter estimation procedure using data parallelism and a hybrid programming technique. Though this parallel implementation showed scalability up to eight processors, the exact solution still suffers from high computational complexity and memory requirements. These limitations have led us to investigate approximate solutions for SAR model parameter estimation with the main objective of scaling the SAR model for large spatial data analysis problems. In this paper we present two candidate approximate-semi-sparse solutions of the SAR model based on Taylor series expansion and Chebyshev polynomials. Our initial experiments showed that these new techniques scale well for very large data sets, such as remote sensing images having millions of pixels. The results also show that the differences between exact and approximate SAR parameter estimates are within 0.7 % and 8.2 % for Chebyshev polynomials and Taylor series expansion, respectively, and have no significant effect on the prediction accuracy. 1
Bacteriorhodopsin as a high-resolution, high-capacity buffer for digital holographic measurements (2004)

Recent trends in optical metrology suggest that, in order for holographic measurement to become a widespread tool, it must be based on methods that do not require physical development of the hologram. While digital holography has been successfully demonstrated in recent years, unfortunately the limited information capacity of present electronic sensors, such as CCD arrays, is still many orders of magnitude away from directly competing with the high-resolution silver halide plates used in traditional holography. As a result, present digital holographic methods with current electronic sensors cannot record object sizes larger than several hundred microns at high resolution. In this paper, the authors report on the use of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) for digital holography to overcome these limitations. In particular, BR is a real-time recording medium with an information capacity (5000 line-pairs/mm) that even exceeds high resolution photographic film. As such, a centimetre-square area of BR film has the same information capacity of several hundred state-of-the-art CCD cameras. For digital holography, BR temporarily holds the hologram record so that its information content can be digitized for numeric reconstruction. In addition, this paper examines the use of BR for optical reconstruction without chemical development. When correctly managed, it is found that BR is highly effective, in terms of both quality and process time, for three-dimensional holographic measurements. Consequently, several key holographic applications, based on BR, are proposed in this paper.
Demonstration of full-field patterning of 32 nm test chips using EUVL (2009)

EUV lithography is considered one of the options for high volume manufacturing (HVM) of 16 nm MPU node devices [1]. The benefits of high k1(~0.5) imaging enable EUVL to simplify the patterning process and ease design rule restrictions. However, EUVL with its unique imaging process - reflective optics and masks, vacuum operation, and lack of pellicle, has several challenges to overcome before being qualified for production. Thus, it is important to demonstrate the capability to integrate EUVL into existing process flows and characterize issues which could hamper yield. A patterning demonstration of Intel's 32 nm test chips using the ADT at IMEC [7] is presented, This test chip was manufactured using processes initially developed with the Intel MET [2-4] as well as masks made by Intel's mask shop [5,6]. The 32 nm node test chips which had a pitch of 112.5 nm at the trench layer, were patterned on the ADT which resulted in a large k<sub>1</sub> factor of 1 and consequently, the trench process window was iso-focal with MEEF = 1. It was found that all mask defects detected by a mask pattern inspection tool printed on the wafer and that 90% of these originated from the substrate. We concluded that improvements are needed in mask defects, photospeed of the resist, overlay, and tool throughput of the tool to get better results to enable us to ultimately examine yield.
Individual and combined inhibitory effects of antibiotics on the oxygen uptake rate of aerobic sludge (2013)

The inhibitory effects of four antibiotics, i.e. tetracycline, oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and sulfamerazine, individually or in combination, on the activity of aerobic sludge were investigated in this study. Taking the oxygen uptake rate (OUR) as the index, the results showed that the inhibitory order of individual antibiotics on aerobic sludge OUR was tetracycline oxytetracycline sulfamethoxazole sulfamerazine, suggesting the highly toxicity of tetracycline and oxytetracycline. The inhibitory order of the four antibiotics in the combined system on aerobic sludge OUR was similar to the order by individual antibiotic. Tetracycline exerted significant inhibitory effect (p0.05). The additive effect occurred in the tetracyclines and sulfamides system, while the interaction between sulfamethoxazole and sulfamerazine was antagonistic.
Performance comparison of fault tolerant PM machine for static load holding application (2009)

This paper looks in detail at a fault tolerant machine for direct drive application. The machine considered is a high pole number, concentrated wound machine developed for a safety critical aerospace application. The machine is designed to have a high p.u. inductance to limit short circuit current and negligible mutual inductance to have decoupled phase windings. Single and double layer winding configurations are compared. The machine has a heavy magnetic loading as its most onerous requirement is to hold a static load. High resulting air gap harmonics however induce substantial eddy current losses in the magnets and the solid rotor core. Due to the high thermal resistance path to these losses, the magnets may reach limiting temperatures during dynamic operation. This paper is set to analyze and compare two winding configurations and employ analytical modeling methods to evaluate the induced eddy current loss in the rotor.
Recognizing handwritten mathematics via fuzzy parsing (2010)

We present a new approach to multi-dimensional parsing using relational grammars and fuzzy sets. A fast, incremental parsing algorithm is developed, motivated by the two-dimensional structure of written mathematics. Our approach makes no hard decisions; recognized math expressions are reported to the user in ranked order. A flexible correction mechanism enables users to quickly choose the correct math expression in case of recognition errors or ambiguity. 1
A Top-Down method for performance analysis and counters architecture (2014)

Optimizing an application's performance for a given microarchitecture has become painfully difficult. Increasing microarchitecture complexity, workload diversity, and the unmanageable volume of data produced by performance tools increase the optimization challenges. At the same time resource and time constraints get tougher with recently emerged segments. This further calls for accurate and prompt analysis methods. The insights from this method guide a proposal for a novel performance counters architecture that can determine the true bottlenecks of a general out-of-order processor. Unlike other approaches, our analysis method is low-cost and already featured in in-production systems - it requires just eight simple new performance events to be added to a traditional PMU. It is comprehensive - no restriction to predefined set of performance issues. It accounts for granular bottlenecks in super-scalar cores, missed by earlier approaches.
Purifying Selection and Molecular Adaptation in the Genome of Verminephrobacter, the Heritable Symbiotic Bacteria of Earthworms (2012)

While genomic erosion is common among intracellular symbionts, patterns of genome evolution in heritable extracellular endosymbionts remain elusive. We study vertically transmitted extracellular endosymbionts (Verminephrobacter, Betaproteobacteria) that form a beneficial, species-specific, and evolutionarily old (60-130 Myr) association with earthworms. We assembled a draft genome of Verminephrobacter aporrectodeae and compared it with the genomes of Verminephrobacter eiseniae and two nonsymbiotic close relatives (Acidovorax). Similar to V. eiseniae, the V. aporrectodeae genome was not markedly reduced in size and showed no A-T bias. We characterized the strength of purifying selection (ω = dN/dS) and codon usage bias in 876 orthologous genes. Symbiont genomes exhibited strong purifying selection (ω = 0.09 ± 0.07), although transition to symbiosis entailed relaxation of purifying selection as evidenced by 50% higher ω values and less codon usage bias in symbiont compared with reference genomes. Relaxation was not evenly distributed among functional gene categories but was overrepresented in genes involved in signal transduction and cell envelope biogenesis. The same gene categories also harbored instances of positive selection in the Verminephrobacter clade. In total, positive selection was detected in 89 genes, including also genes involved in DNA metabolism, tRNA modification, and TonB-dependent iron uptake, potentially highlighting functions important in symbiosis. Our results suggest that the transition to symbiosis was accompanied by molecular adaptation, while purifying selection was only moderately relaxed, despite the evolutionary age and stability of the host association. We hypothesize that biparental transmission of symbionts and rare genetic mixing during transmission can prevent genome erosion in heritable symbionts.
Radiosynthesis and in vivo Evaluation of Carbon‐11 (2S)‐3‐(1H‐Indol‐3‐yl)‐2‐{[(4‐methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}‐N‐{[1‐(5‐methoxypyridin‐2‐yl)cyclohexyl]methyl}propanamide: An Attempt to Visualize Brain Formyl Peptide Receptors in Mouse Models of Neuroinflammation (2016)

Here, we describe the very first attempt to visualize in vivo formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) in mouse brain by positron emission tomography (PET). FPRs are expressed in microglial cells where they mediate chemotactic activity of β-amyloid peptide in Alzheimer disease and, thus, are involved in neuroinflammatory processes. To this purpose, we have selected (2S)-3-(1H-Indol-3-yl)-2-{[(4-methoxyphenyl)carbamoyl]amino}-N-{[1-(5-methoxypyridin-2-yl)cyclohexyl]methyl}propanamide ((S)-1), that we have previously identified as a potent non-peptidic FPR agonist. (S)-[(11) C]-1 has been prepared in high radiochemical yield. (S)-[(11) C]-1 showed very low penetration of blood-brain barrier and, thus, was unable to accumulate into the brain. In addition, (S)-[(11) C]-1 was not able to label FPRs receptors in brain slices of PS19 and APP23 mice, two animal models of Alzheimer disease. Although (S)-[(11) C]-1 was not suitable to visualize FPRs in the brain, this study provides useful information for the design and characterization of future potential PET radioligands for visualization of brain FPRs by PET.
Cross sections and calculated yields of some radionuclides of yttrium, strontium and rubidium formed in proton-induced reactions on enriched strontium-86: possibility of production of 85gSr, 83Rb and 82mRb in no-carrier-added form (2022)

Abstract Cross sections of the 86 Sr(p,3n) 84m Y, 86 Sr(p,αn) 82m Rb, and 86 Sr(p,x) 85g Sr reactions were measured from their respective thresholds up to 16.2 MeV and from 23.0 to 44.1 MeV at FZJ, and from 14.3 to 24.5 MeV at LBNL, using 96.4% enriched 86 SrCO 3 as target material. Thin targets prepared by sedimentation were irradiated with protons in a stacked-form, and the induced radioactivity was measured by high-resolution γ-ray spectrometry. Nuclear model calculations based on the code TALYS reproduced our experimental cross section data well. From the excitation functions, the integral yields of the above three radionuclides were calculated. The yield of 85g Sr via the nat Sr(n,γ) process was also measured using the TRIGA Mark-II reactor at AERE, Savar. A comparison of the reactor and cyclotron production of carrier-added 85g Sr is given. The production possibilities of the three investigated radionuclides in no-carrier-added forms at a 30 MeV cyclotron via new routes are discussed.
Anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty in a patient with Parsonage-Turner syndrome: a case report (2023)

BackgroundParsonage-Turner syndrome (PTS) is a rare brachial plexopathy which may result in significant chronic shoulder girdle weakness. Patients with PTS may present with concomitant glenohumeral osteoarthritis. The optimal treatment for these patients is not known.CaseA 68-year-old male presented with increasing left shoulder pain and crepitus with activity. He had chronic shoulder girdle weakness with overhead activity due to a remote history of PTS. He had persevered deltoid strength with no full-thickness rotator cuff tearing or significant rotator cuff atrophy. The patient underwent successful anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA).ConclusionsPatients with glenohumeral arthritis in the setting of PTS may benefit from TSA if the rotator cuff is intact. These patients already have a diseased brachial plexus prior to surgery, and TSA may avoid the lengthening and potential additional injury to the brachial plexus seen in RSA.
Efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: Results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial (ABILITY-1) (2013)

Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab in patients with non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA). Methods: Patients fulfilled Assessment of Spondyloarthritis international Society (ASAS) criteria for axial spondyloarthritis, had a Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) score of ≥ 4, total back pain score of ≥ 4 (10 cm visual analogue scale) and inadequate response, intolerance or contraindication to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); patients fulfilling modified New York criteria for ankylosing spondylitis were excluded. Patients were randomised to adalimumab (N=91) or placebo (N=94). The primary endpoint was the percentage of patients achieving ASAS40 at week 12. Efficacy assessments included BASDAI and Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). MRI was performed at baseline and week 12 and scored using the Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) index. Results: Significantly more patients in the adalimumab group achieved ASAS40 at week 12 compared with patients in the placebo group (36% vs 15%, p&lt;0.001). Significant clinical improvements based on other ASAS responses, ASDAS and BASDAI were also detected at week 12 with adalimumab treatment, as were improvements in quality of life measures. Inflammation in the spine and sacroiliac joints on MRI significantly decreased after 12 weeks of adalimumab treatment. Shorter disease duration, younger age, elevated baseline C-reactive protein or higher SPARCC MRI sacroiliac joint scores were associated with better week 12 responses to adalimumab. The safety profile was consistent with what is known for adalimumab in ankylosing spondylitis and other diseases. Conclusions: In patients with nr-axSpA, adalimumab treatment resulted in effective control of disease activity, decreased inflammation and improved quality of life compared with placebo. Results from ABILITY-1 suggest that adalimumab has a positive benefit-risk profile in active nr-axSpA patients with inadequate response to NSAIDs.
Reaction of Hydroquinone and p-Benzoquinone with the Ge(100)-2 × 1 Surface (2012)

The adsorption behavior of two bifunctional molecules, hydroquinone (HO–C6H4–OH) and p-benzoquinone (O═C6H4═O), on the germanium (100) surface is studied. A combination of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy experiments together with density functional theory calculations were used to identify the products. The distinct functionalities of the reactants result in different reaction pathways, namely, OH dissociation for hydroquinone and cycloaddition for p-benzoquinone. Yet, the major product formed, a dually tethered surface hydroquinoxy group with an aromatic ring (−OC6H4O–), is the same for both molecules. Dual dissociation of hydroquinone was highly selective in stereochemical configuration. Minor singly tethered products are also found for both precursors. The results suggest that selective attachment of aromatic groups on semiconductor surfaces can be achieved by choosing proper functionalities of the reactants.
Evaluation of FGFR inhibitor ASP5878 as a drug candidate for achondroplasia (2020)

Achondroplasia is caused by gain-of-function mutations in FGFR3 gene and leads to short-limb dwarfism. A stabilized analogue of C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) is known to elongate bone by interacting with FGFR3 signals and thus is a promising drug candidate. However, it needs daily administration by percutaneous injection. FGFR inhibitor compounds are other drug candidates for achondroplasia because they directly fix the mutant protein malfunction. Although FGFR inhibitors elongate the bone of model mice, their adverse effects are not well studied. In this study, we found that a new FGFR inhibitor, ASP5878, which was originally developed as an anti-cancer drug, elongated the bone of achondroplasia model male mice at the dose of 300 μg/kg, which confers an AUC of 275 ng·h/ml in juvenile mice. Although ASP5878 was less effective in bone elongation than a CNP analogue, it is advantageous in that ASP5878 can be administered orally. The AUC at which minimal adverse effects were observed (very slight atrophy of the corneal epithelium) was 459 ng·h/ml in juvenile rats. The positive discrepancy between AUCs that brought efficacy and minimal adverse effect suggests the applicability of ASP5878 to achondroplasia in the clinical setting. We also analyzed effects of ASP5878 in a patient-specific induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) model for achondroplasia and found the effects on patient chondrocyte equivalents. Nevertheless, cautious consideration is needed when referring to safety data obtained from its application to adult patients with cancer in clinical tests.
Multiple lineages of monkeypox virus detected in the United States, 2021–2022 (2022)

Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic disease endemic in Central and West Africa. In May 2022, dozens of non-endemic countries reported hundreds of monkeypox cases, most with no epidemiological link to Africa. We identified two lineages of monkeypox virus (MPXV) among two 2021 and seven 2022 US monkeypox cases: the major 2022 outbreak variant called B.1 and a minor contemporaneously sampled variant called A.2. Analyses of mutations among these two variants revealed an extreme preference for GA-to-AA mutations indicative of human APOBEC3 cytosine deaminase activity among Clade IIb MPXV (previously West African, Nigeria) sampled since 2017. Such mutations were not enriched within other MPXV clades. These findings suggest that APOBEC3 editing may be a recurrent and a dominant driver of MPXV evolution within the current outbreak.