gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BGP Path Record Attribute (2016)

The BGP protocol contains number of built in mechanisms which records
information about the routers which have processed a specific piece of
reachability information critical to insuring only loop free paths are
chosen by the protocol. For instance, the AS_PATH, CLUSTER_LIST and
ORIGINATOR_ID attributes carry information designed to insure
permanent routing loops are not formed in the path chosen towards a
particular destination. However, there are no provisions to record
other useful information along the path, metadata about the routers
through which reachability information has passed which can be helpful
to the operator in order to enhance end to end visibility of the BGP
control plane. In order to solve this problem this document proposes a
new single BGP attribute designed as an generic and extensible
container to carry number of new optional information corresponding to
the BGP speakers given BGP advertisement (or withdraw) message
traverses.
The Obsession with being Number One (2017)

As I travel around the world, increasingly I have found that assessment and evaluation systems are getting in the way of why one should pursue a career in the sciences. So many scientists and institutions are striving to be at the very top of their fields, but do not realize that being the best is often the enemy of doing better. For these scientists, good is never enough; there is always more to do. They must outscore and outperform all their peers. All this leads to nothing but a vicious academic rat race. It is too easy to forget that if you win the rat race, you are still a rat.
FXR agonists and FGF15 reduce fecal bile acid excretion in a mouse model of bile acid malabsorption (2007)

Bile acid malabsorption, which in patients leads to excessive fecal bile acid excretion and diarrhea, is characterized by a vicious cycle in which the feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis is interrupted, resulting in additional bile acid production. Feedback regulation of bile acid synthesis is under the control of an endocrine pathway wherein activation of the nuclear bile acid receptor, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), induces enteric expression of the hormone, fibroblast growth factor 15 (FGF15). In liver, FGF15 acts together with FXR-mediated expression of small heterodimer partner to repress bile acid synthesis. Here, we show that the FXR-FGF15 pathway is disrupted in mice lacking apical ileal bile acid transporter, a model of bile acid malabsorption. Treatment of Asbt-/- mice with either a synthetic FXR agonist or FGF15 downregulates hepatic cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase mRNA levels, decreases bile acid pool size, and reduces fecal bile acid excretion. These findings suggest that FXR agonists or FGF15 could be used therapeutically to interrupt the cycle of excessive bile acid production in patients with bile acid malabsorption.
Extreme Optical Pulse Stretching Amplification and Compression with Active Dispersion Tuning (2010)

Methods and systems for optical chirped pulse amplification and phase dispersion, the system including an active dispersion controller for receiving an input optical pulse from a modelocked laser and controlling a third and fourth order dispersion property of the input optical pulse to produce an optical output pulses, a stretching re-circulating loop for stretching the optical output pulses in time, an optical amplifier for amplifying the stretched optical output pulses, a compressing re-circulating loop for compressing the amplified stretched optical output pulse to produce a compressed optical output pulse, and a feedback loop for feeding a feedback optical signal to the active dispersion controller.
Evaluation of pulse contour methods in calculating stroke volume from pulmonary artery pressure curve(comparison with aortic pressure curve) (1983)

The reliability of five equations in assessing stroke volume from pulmonary artery pressure curves were critically evaluated in six dogs and in six patients. To alter stroke volume, isoproterenol, dobutamine, propranolol, lactate Ringer solution and artificial pacing were employed in the animal study and diltiazem (a calcium blocker) in the human study. A good correlation was found between the calculated and measured stroke volume (r = 0.80-0.86 in the animal study and r = 0.94-0.96 in the human study). The assessment of stroke volume from the pulmonary arterial pressure curves using equations was as good as that from the aortic pressure curves calculated simultaneously. These results suggest that the five equations may be clinically applicable for assessing stroke volume in critically ill patients. The employment of pulmonary arterial pressure curves in assessing stroke volume may be more useful clinically since its recording can be carried out more safely than recordings of aortic pressure curves.
Mucin based breast cancer vaccines (1998)

Of the 8 human epithelial mucins identified so far, MUC1 has been the focus of attention for immunotherapeutic applications. The gene MUC1 encodes a large membrane associated glycoprotein where the majority of the extracellular domain is made up of tandem repeats of 20 amino acids. In breast cancer MUC1 is up-regulated and as a result of changes in glycosyl transferases, the complex carbohydrate side-chains are shortened leading to the exposure of novel peptide and carbohydrate epitopes. Cellular and humoral immune responses to MUC1 have been documented in benign and malignant breast disease and in some circumstances, T-cell responses to MUC1 may not depend on presentation by the major histocompatibility complex. Several immunogens based on MUC1 are being investigated for the immunotherapy of breast cancer in model systems and in the clinic. These include cell lines that express MUC1, either given alone or fused with professional antigen presenting cells. Approaches that may prove more feasible in the clinic include the use of peptide epitopes, usually from the tandem repeat of the extracellular domain, given either with conventional immunological adjuvants or coupled to mannan (a polysaccharide also known as polymannose), which may target uptake of peptide into antigen presenting cells. Cellular and humoral immune responses to these immunogens have been noted in patients with advanced malignancy. Targeting of peptide epitopes may also be achieved using antibodies to MUC1 through the idiotype network. Use of antibodies to MUC1 has been associated with a survival benefit for patients with ovarian cancer, but prospective studies are awaited. The use of cDNA encoding MUC1 may allow endogenous processing of antigen and thus augment immunogenicity. Phase I studies using the vaccinia virus as a vector have been completed and Phase II studies have begun. Studies examining the potential role of carbohydrate antigens have suggested that the ability to generate a specific immune response may influence survival of patients with metastatic epithelial malignancies. Again, these findings will be tested in the Phase III setting. While examining the potential role of immunogens based on MUC1, it is also necessary to understand the nature of immunosuppression in patients with advanced malignancy in order to develop strategies to enhance the immunogenicity of potential cancer vaccines.
Combined command shaping and inertial damping for flexure control (1997)

Describes a control approach that combines command shaping and inertial damping to control small robots that are attached to the end of a flexible manipulator. The command shaping guarantees that the level of vibration will be minimized during the robot motion and the inertial damping removes any residual effects after the motion is complete. Experimental results from two different testbeds verify the effectiveness of the combined approach for minimizing vibration in elastic systems.
Design of a Motion Compensated Tissue Resection Catheter for Beating Heart Cardiac Surgery (2011)

Cardiac catheters allow clinicians to minimally invasively interact with the beating heart without stopping the heart or opening the chest. However, the fast motion of the intracardiac structures makes it difficult to modify and repair the tissue in a controlled and safe manner. To enable surgical procedures on the inside of the beating heart, we have developed an ultrasound-guided catheter system that virtually freezes the heart by compensating for the fast cardiac motions. The device presented in this paper is a resection tool that allows the catheter system to cut moving tissue, a key surgical task required for many intracardiac procedures including valve and leaflet repair. The motion tracking system is demonstrated in vivo and the tissue resection tool is evaluated by resecting tissue mounted on a cardiac motion simulator. The motion compensated catheter is shown to greatly improve the resection cut quality on the moving tissue target while reducing the forces experienced by the tissue by almost 80%.
The role of invasive mapping in the electrophysiology laboratory (2009)

The role of invasive mapping in the context of cardiac resynchronization has been essentially confined to improving knowledge of the depolarization processes and spread of ventricular activation. Experimental and limited clinical data obtained from high resolution three-dimensional contact and non-contact mapping have consistently pointed to the heterogeneity and the complexity of ventricular sequential activation in heart failure with conduction disturbance. The present article reviews current knowledge about activation mapping in patients with different types of ventricular conduction disturbance (right and left bundle branch block) putting this in the perspective of selection of most appropriate pacing site in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) patients. Furthermore, recent comparative data of epicardial and endocardial pacing have been discussed. There is little doubt that invasive mapping will continue to contribute in a substantial manner to progresses in CRT especially in the new era of endocardial pacing. Therefore, it is possible to envision that endocardial mapping may serve to selectively target the most adequate positions for the left ventricular lead in order to optimize CRT.
Frequency Offset Estimation Scheme in the Presence of Time-varying DC offset and IQ Imbalance for OFDM Direct Conversion Receivers (2007)

In WLAN systems, direct conversion architecture has been implemented. Though this architecture reduces the cost and power consumption, it may suffer from DC offset, frequency offset, and IQ imbalance. This paper presents a frequency offset estimation scheme for OFDM direct conversion receivers. In this paper, a frequency offset estimation scheme in the presence of time-varying DC offset and IQ imbalance is proposed. The novelty of this scheme is in its usage of a differential filter to reduce DC offset. Evaluation of the presented estimation scheme was carried out on an OFDM communication system designed to the specifications of the IEEE 802.11a/g standard for WLANs. Numerical results through computer simulation show that the proposed frequency offset estimation scheme works well even with large DC offset and IQ imbalance.
Nonlinear Stability Analysis of Vehicle Lateral Motion With a Hybrid Physical/Dynamic Tire/Road Friction Model (2009)

We present a nonlinear analysis of vehicle motion using a hybrid physical/dynamic tire/road friction model. The advantage of the proposed LuGre dynamic tire/road friction model is the simple and attractive structural properties for real-time friction estimation and control. Moreover, the model provides a property of capturing coupling effects between the longitudinal and lateral friction forces. We take advantages of these properties and analyze the vehicle lateral motion stability. We have shown that the existence of longitudinal slip affects the lateral motion stability. The quantitative analysis and relationship are also demonstrated through numerical simulation examples.
Development of sound field control technology to revitalize high sound pressure only in the specific direction at narrow space using three loudspeakers for reproducing the middle-low pitched audio frequencies. (2022)

This paper is concerned with active control of generating a listening zone in a free space while producing a quiet zone in the same free space. In recent years, the reproduction sound of contents such as speech and music tend to increase in the space living by the spread of teleworks. A sound to the listener may appear as a noise to non-listener around the owner of sound player. Therefore, we propose the sound field control technology to convey the sound information only in the personal area at narrow space. Using three loudspeakers, the experimental result was confirmed by comparison with the simulation result.
A toolbox of metrology-based techniques for optical system alignment (2016)

The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and its partners have broad experience in the alignment of flight optical instruments and spacecraft structures. Over decades, GSFC developed alignment capabilities and techniques for a variety of optical and aerospace applications. In this paper, we provide an overview of a subset of the capabilities and techniques used on several recent projects in a “toolbox” format. We discuss a range of applications, from small-scale optical alignment of sensors to mirror and bench examples that make use of various large-volume metrology techniques. We also discuss instruments and analytical tools.
3D Quantitative CEST MRI of the human brain at 9.4T (2017)

Selective quantitative CEST MRI was shown to be feasible at 7T and for single-slice readout. In this study we extend qCEST MRI to a field strength of 9.4 T making use of the increase spectral resolution, and by employing a single-shot 3D CEST approach, more coverage of the human brain was realized.
Molecular glass resists developable in supercritical carbon dioxide for 193 nm lithography (2009)

In order to meet the growing demand for smaller and higher-performance microelectronic devices, attention has been focused on developing molecular glass photoresists which can be employed under next-generation 193-nm immersion lithography conditions. These amorphous organic compounds produce high-resolution patterns due to their smaller pixel size and lack of chain entanglement compared with polymer photoresists. Specially designed molecular resists have substantial solubilities in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO<sub>2</sub>) which can be altered through acid-catalyzed deprotection reactions. While molecular resists based on phenols have been demonstrated for high-resolution patternability, scCO<sub>2</sub>- developable molecular materials have not yet been reported for 193-nm lithography. In this paper, we introduce alicyclic materials based on naturally occurring backbones as chemically amplified molecular resists developable in scCO<sub>2</sub>. Methylated &beta;-cyclodextrin and cholic acid derivatives with acid-labile protecting groups form good amorphous thin films with high glass transition temperatures (&gt;100 &deg;C). These molecules show the capability of being patterned and developed in scCO<sub>2</sub> with resolution below 200 nm.
The immediate extraction and display of insect flight trajectories from infra-red remote sensing signals (1982)

The&#13;\nincreasing need to study insect flight behaviour in the&#13;\nnatural environment has led to the&#13;\ndevelopment of a relatively inex-&#13;\npensive remote sensing instrument (IRADIT) . Flying insects &#13;\ndfferentay iumjmted, under a light cmations, in a intense&#13;\nba of&#13;\npulsed near infra-red radiation and detected using a gated&#13;\nimage intensifier - CIV system at a rate of 5OHz.&#13;\nThis thesis details the methods&#13;\nemployed for extracting insect&#13;\noo-ordinates from the' CI video signals, 'using low~oost electronic&#13;\ncircuits ad micro&#13;\ncomputer (Apple II+) , and for the immediate analysis&#13;\nand&#13;\ndisplay of two-dimensional insect flight trajectories, whilst&#13;\nrejecting environmental and system noise.&#13;\nFlight trajectories are often dominated by the immediate local&#13;\nwind. A new&#13;\nlow-cost sensitive three dimensional digital anemometer&#13;\nsystem hs be developed for use with the IRADIT system, providing&#13;\nthe data&#13;\nrequired to allow the vector wind to b immediately subtracted&#13;\nand&#13;\ninteresting aspects of flight behaviour to b revealed.&#13;\nThe IRADIT - Anemometer&#13;\nsystem ws tested i the field, on insects&#13;\nabove wheat. _ Small insects with membzßanous wing areas as small as&#13;\n5mm2 were&#13;\nreadily detected and tracked over distances of the order&#13;\nof l at&#13;\nranges up t 15m against a mid-day sky background. Subse-&#13;\nquent computer analysis of stored insect track and wind data oonfirmed&#13;\nthat the effects of immediate local wind cn b smdied or canoelled&#13;\nout.&#13;\nExamples of insect flight behaviour are described.&#13;\nThe&#13;\nrelatively low cost of the IRADIT system and the practical&#13;\nfeatures in its&#13;\ndesign result in a powerful new tool for use by the&#13;\nfield&#13;\nentomologist.
Colectomy and the Incidence of Postsurgical Complications Among Ulcerative Colitis Patients With Private Health Insurance in the United States (2008)

Postcolectomy surgical procedures and complications occur frequently after colectomy in privately insured patients with UC.
Disposable Voltammetric Immunosensor for D-Dimer Detection as Early Biomarker of Thromboembolic Disease and of COVID-19 Prognosis (2022)

In this work, we report on the development of a simple electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of D-dimer protein in human plasma samples. The immunosensor is built by a simple drop-casting procedure of chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as biocompatible support, Protein A (PrA), to facilitate the proper orientation of the antibody sites to epitopes as a capture biomolecule, and the D-dimer antibody onto a carboxyl functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes screen printed electrode (MWCNTs-SPE). The CSNPs have been morphologically characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) techniques. Successively, the electrochemical properties of the screen-printed working electrode after each modification step have been characterized by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The resulting MWCNTs-CSNPs-PrA-D-dimer Ab immunosensor displays an optimal and promising platform for antibody immobilization and specific D-dimer detection. DPV has been used to investigate the antigen/antibody interaction at different D-dimer concentrations. The proposed voltammetric immunosensor allowed a linear range from 2 to 500 μg L<sup>-1</sup> with a LOD of 0.6 μg L<sup>-1</sup> and a sensitivity of 1.3 μA L μg<sup>-1</sup> cm<sup>-2</sup>. Good stability and a fast response time (5 s) have been reported. Lastly, the performance of the voltammetric immunosensor has been tested in human plasma samples, showing satisfactory results, thus attesting to the promising feasibility of the proposed platform for detecting D-dimer in physiological samples.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine Catalyzed Aldol Reaction Between Ketene Silyl Acetals and Aldehydes: Nucleophilic O—Si and C—Si Bond Cleavage by Phosphines. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Long range acoustic communications and navigation in the Arctic (2015)

A long-range acoustic navigation system with built-in acoustic communications capability has been developed for use by underwater gliders, drifters and vehicles under Arctic ice where surfacing to acquire GPS position may be risky or impossible. The system consists of multiple buoys placed on the ice with transducers suspended 100 m below, each of which is programmed to transmit in a specific time slot at regular intervals. The system operates at 900 Hz, and has programmable bandwidth, from 25 to 100 Hz. The communications data rate for the system is several bits per second, sufficient to transmit the GPS location of the buoys and several bytes of data to vehicles under the ice. The system was deployed in March of 2014 and operated through the fall of 2014, testing the performance of both the navigation and communications capabilities of the system in conjunction with Seagliders deployed by the University of Washington. Ranges of greater than 400 km were achieved with range accuracy of 40 m RMS for the case where the speed of sound is known. The long range and excellent accuracy were the result of ducted sound propagation in the Beaufort Sea.
Magnetization transfer contrast and T2 mapping in the evaluation of cartilage repair tissue with 3T MRI (2008)

MT imaging is capable and sensitive in the detection of differences between healthy cartilage and areas of cartilage repair and might be an additional tool in biochemical cartilage imaging. For both MTR and T2 mapping, zonal assessment is desirable.
T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis reveals a highly conserved TCR repertoire in a bilateral tumor mouse model (2021)

Abstract Temporal analysis of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire has been used to monitor treatment-induced changes in antigen-specific T cells in patients with cancer. However, the lack of experimental models that allow temporal analysis of the TCR repertoire in the same individual in a homogeneous population limits the understanding of the causal relationship between changes in TCR repertoire and antitumor responses. A bilateral tumor model, where tumor cells were inoculated bilaterally into the backs of mice, could be used for temporal analysis of the TCR repertoire. This study examined the prerequisite for this strategy: the TCR repertoire is conserved between bilateral tumors with the same growth rate. Bilateral tumors with equivalent size and draining lymph nodes (dLNs) were collected 13 days after tumor inoculation to analyze the TCR repertoire of CD4 + and CD8 + T cells. The tumor-infiltrating T cell clones were highly conserved between the bilateral tumors, and the extent of clonal expansion was equivalent. In addition, the similarity between the bilateral tumors was equivalent to heterogeneity on one side of the tumor. The similarity of the TCR repertoire in the bilateral dLNs was markedly lower than that in the tumor, suggesting that tumor-reactive T cell clones induced independently in each dLN integrated during recirculation and then infiltrated the tumor. These findings suggest that our bilateral tumor model is suitable for temporal monitoring of the TCR repertoire to evaluate temporal and treatment-induced changes in tumor-reactive T cell clones. Significance Statement The bilateral subcutaneous tumor model, where tumor cells were inoculated bilaterally into the backs of mice, is a promising model for temporal analysis of the antitumor response in cancer immunotherapy. This study demonstrated a highly conserved TCR repertoire in bilateral tumors and provided the basis for using a bilateral tumor model for evaluating temporal and treatment-induced changes in tumor-responsive T cell clones in individual mice. In humans, accurate statistical analysis is hampered by various background factors, including cancer type and stage and history of treatment. Moreover, temporal tumor biopsy in patients is highly invasive. Our bilateral tumor model overcomes these clinical issues and is expected to be a valuable tool for the development of novel immune monitoring and therapeutic strategies.