gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Greedy sparsity-constrained optimization (2013)

Sparsity-constrained optimization has wide applicability in machine learning, statistics, and signal processing problems such as feature selection and Compressed Sensing. A vast body of work has studied the sparsity-constrained optimization from theoretical, algorithmic, and application aspects in the context of sparse estimation in linear models where the fidelity of the estimate is measured by the squared error. In contrast, relatively less effort has been made in the study of sparsity-constrained optimization in cases where nonlinear models are involved or the cost function is not quadratic. In this paper we propose a greedy algorithm, Gradient Support Pursuit (GraSP), to approximate sparse minima of cost functions of arbitrary form. Should a cost function have a Stable Restricted Hessian (SRH) or a Stable Restricted Linearization (SRL), both of which are introduced in this paper, our algorithm is guaranteed to produce a sparse vector within a bounded distance from the true sparse optimum. Our approach generalizes known results for quadratic cost functions that arise in sparse linear regression and Compressed Sensing. We also evaluate the performance of GraSP through numerical simulations on synthetic and real data, where the algorithm is employed for sparse logistic regression with and without l2-regularization.
Blind and Semiblind Channel and Carrier Frequency-Offset Estimation in Orthogonally Space-Time Block Coded MIMO Systems (2008)

In this paper, the problem of joint channel and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation is studied in the context of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications based on orthogonal space-time-block codes (OSTBCs). A new blind approach is proposed to jointly estimate the channel matrix and the CFO parameters using a relaxed maximum likelihood (ML) estimator that, for the sake of simplicity, ignores the finite alphabet constraint. Although the proposed technique can be applied to the majority of OSTBCs, there are, however, a few codes that suffer from an intrinsic ambiguity in the joint channel, CFO, and symbol estimates. For such specific OSTBCs, a semiblind modification of the proposed approach is developed that resolves the aforementioned estimation ambiguity. Our simulation results demonstrate that although the finite alphabet constraint is relaxed, the performance of the proposed techniques approaches that of the informed (fully frequency-synchronized and coherent) receiver, provided that a sufficient number of data blocks is available for each channel realization.
Cloning of a chromosomal Î±-amylase gene fromBacillus stearothermophilus (1991)

We have cloned and sequenced a gene for a heat-stable α-amylase from a natural isolate of Bacillus stearothermophilus. Previously, it had been shown that B. stearothermophilus amylase genes may be harboured on indigenous plasmids. We have found that our isolate harbours the amylase gene only on the chromosome and not on its indigenous plasmid.
Lumpectomy Plus Tamoxifen With or Without Irradiation in Women Age 70 Years or Older With Early Breast Cancer: Long-Term Follow-Up of CALGB 9343 (2021)

To determine whether there is a benefit to adjuvant radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery and tamoxifen in women age ≥ 70 years with early-stage breast cancer.
Role of Organic Anion Transporters in the Tubular Transport of Indoxyl Sulfate and the Induction of its Nephrotoxicity (2002)

In uremic patients, various uremic toxins are accumulated and exert various biologic effects on uremia. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is one of uremic toxins that is derived from dietary protein, and serum levels of IS are markedly increased in both uremic rats and patients. It has been previously reported that the accumulation of IS promotes the progression of chronic renal failure (CRF). This study demonstrates the role of rat organic anion transporters (rOATs) in the transport of IS and the induction of its nephrotoxicity. The administration of IS to 5/6-nephrectomized rats caused a faster progression of CRF, and immunohistochemistry revealed that IS was detected in the proximal and distal tubules where rOAT1 (proximal tubules) and/or rOAT3 (proximal and distal tubules) were also shown to be localized. In in vitro study, the proximal tubular cells derived from mouse that stably express rOAT1 (S2 rOAT1) and rOAT3 (S2 rOAT3) were established. IS inhibited organic anion uptake by S2 rOAT1 and S2 rOAT3, and the Ki values were 34.2 and 74.4 microM, respectively. Compared with mock, S2 rOAT1 and S2 rOAT3 exhibited higher levels of IS uptake, which was inhibited by probenecid and cilastatin, organic anion transport inhibitors. The addition of IS induced a decrease in the viability of S2 rOAT1 and S2 rOAT3 as compared with the mock, which was rescued by probenecid. These results suggest that rOAT1 and rOAT3 play an important role in the transcellular transport of IS and the induction of its nephrotoxicity.
Resource utilization and patient reported outcomes using acellular dermal matrix in breast reconstructive procedures (2021)

Background: The introduction of acellular dermal matrices revolutionized implant-based breast reconstructive procedures. Literature reports both advantages and disadvantages associated to the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM). The increasing number of breast reconstructive procedures being performed leads to an awareness of improving the psychosocial and functional result and reduce costs associated with these procedures. One-stage implant-based breast reconstruction (BR) with ADM has potential advantages for the patient, but literature shows conflicting results regarding the cost-effectiveness of this approach compared to the two-stage expander-to-implant method. The patient’s subjective assessment of the physical and psychosocial effects of BR is extremely important. To contribute to knowledge on the subject, we present a study where the aim was to compare immediate implant-based BR using the ADM assisted one-stage approach with the two-stage expander-to-implant approach regarding resource utilization and patient reported outcomes (PROs). Methods: The study was designed as an observational cohort study with 44 participants admitted for immediate implant-based BR at Department of Plastic Surgery, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark. BR was performed with a one-stage technique in 21 patients and with a two-stage technique in 23 patients. Follow-up time was 2 years. Results: Overall, in favor of the one-stage group was a shorter duration of surgery and furthermore, the reduced need for outpatient visits (for expansions) as well as for additional surgery for implant exchange. In favor of the two-stage approach was reduced cost of materials and fewer interventions to address the aesthetic outcome. Pain, sensory disturbances, physical limitations, health status, quality of life (QoL) and body image were equally favorable between the two groups at 2-year follow-up. Conclusions: This study does not provide clear evidence for an advantageous use of resources by one method versus the other and further studies should be undertaken to investigate the cost-effectiveness. Considering the equally good results in the two treatment groups regarding PROs the one-stage approach may be preferred if the patient is deemed suitable and is well informed of the potential need for additional interventions to obtain an aesthetically satisfying result. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04209010).
Reversal of stereospecificity during allylic hydroperoxidation of 3-norcarene and bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-3-ene derivatives arising from structurally enforced quenching of singlet oxygen by the hydrazide functionality (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversal of stereospecificity during allylic hydroperoxidation of 3-norcarene and bicyclo[4.2.0]oct-3-ene derivatives arising from structurally enforced quenching of singlet oxygen by the hydrazide functionalityLeo A. Paquette, C. C. Liao, Dennis C. Liotta, and William E. FristadCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 20, 6412–6413Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00436a071https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00436a071research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Growth differentiation factor 15 is a myomitokine governing systemic energy homeostasis (2016)

Reduced mitochondrial electron transport chain activity promotes longevity and improves energy homeostasis via cell-autonomous and -non-autonomous factors in multiple model systems. This mitohormetic effect is thought to involve the mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPR<sup>mt</sup>), an adaptive stress-response pathway activated by mitochondrial proteotoxic stress. Using mice with skeletal muscle-specific deficiency of Crif1 (muscle-specific knockout [MKO]), an integral protein of the large mitoribosomal subunit (39S), we identified growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) as a UPR<sup>mt</sup>-associated cell-non-autonomous myomitokine that regulates systemic energy homeostasis. MKO mice were protected against obesity and sensitized to insulin, an effect associated with elevated GDF15 secretion after UPR<sup>mt</sup> activation. In ob/ob mice, administration of recombinant GDF15 decreased body weight and improved insulin sensitivity, which was attributed to elevated oxidative metabolism and lipid mobilization in the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue. Thus, GDF15 is a potent mitohormetic signal that safeguards against the onset of obesity and insulin resistance.
X-Ray Scattering from Freestanding Polymer Films with Geometrically Curved Surfaces (2003)

We show that the x-ray surface scattering from a freestanding polymer film exhibits features that cannot be explained by the usual stochastic formalism for surfaces with random height fluctuations. Instead, a geometric description of the film morphology assuming two curved surfaces characterized by a radius of curvature and a lateral cutoff length successfully accounts for the phase difference between the Kiessig fringes of the nominal "specular" and "off-specular" components of the scattering. The formalism allows one to distinguish unambiguously between conformal and anticonformal curvature morphologies at long length scales.
CD74 interferes with the expression of fas receptor on the surface of lymphoma cells (2014)

We anticipate that specific targeting of the CD74 on the cell surface will sensitize CD74-expressing cancer cells to Fas-mediated apoptosis, and thus will increase effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens for hematological malignancies.
[Influence of the topographic situation of the uterus upon the irradiation planning in case of carcinoma of the cervix]. (1982)

The authors demonstrated by means of computed tomography that some problems are offered by the standardized method of primary radiotherapy in case of carcinomas of the cervix. Especially when a low-dose curietherapy is applied without dose monitor, a radiation exposure of bladder and rectum exceeding the tolerance limit or a underdosage in the target volume are possible due to variable positions of the uterus and different thicknesses of the uterus wall, above all in the region of the cervix. The rate of complications can also be increased by a false, eccentric position of the intra-uterine applicator if the latter does not follow the cervical canal. In nearly half of 61 patients with carcinomas of the cervix of stage I or III according to FIGO, computed tomography scanning showed a false position of the intra-uterine applicator probe. Besides the correction of the probe position, the problem can be solved by a dose reduction and use of shorter applicators or by a modified relation between brachytherapy and percutaneous therapy.
Energy distribution functions for ions from pulsed EUV-induced plasmas in low pressure N2-diluted H2 gas (2019)

The operation of Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) lithography scanners inherently goes hand-in-hand with the creation of highly transient pulsed plasmas in the optical path of these tools. These so-called EUV-induced plasmas are created upon photoionization events when a pulsed beam of EUV photons travels through the low pressure background gas. It is fully recognized by the lithography industry that EUV-induced plasmas may significantly impact the quality and life-time of expensive and delicate optical elements in the scanner. Research efforts into EUV-induced plasmas impacting plasma-facing surfaces have so far been limited to pure hydrogen (H2) plasmas. However, this hydrogen background gas may occasionally be diluted with a small fraction of another molecular gas such as nitrogen (N2). The impact on the relevant plasma parameters of such molecular contaminants has remained unknown until now. In this letter, we put forward measurements of energy-resolved fluxes of (positive) hydrogen ions, nitrogen ions, and hydrogen-nitrogen ions created in a pulsed N2-diluted EUV-induced plasma in H2 at approximately 5 Pa (typical EUV lithography scanner conditions). The data have been obtained using an electrostatic quadrupole plasma analyzer and show that although the N2-dilution fraction is small (∼2 × 10−3) compared to the H2 partial pressure, implications for the ion flux out of the plasma and the composition thereof are significant. Since the mass of nitrogen-containing ions is much higher in comparison to that of their hydrogen counterparts, and because of their potential chemical activity, this effect has to be taken into account while studying the surface impact of EUV-induced plasmas.
Ubiquitin D Regulates IRE1α/c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) Protein-dependent Apoptosis in Pancreatic Beta Cells (2016)

Pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to pancreatic beta cell apoptosis in type 1 diabetes at least in part by inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the consequent unfolded protein response (UPR). It remains to be determined what causes the transition from "physiological" to "apoptotic" UPR, but accumulating evidence indicates that signaling by the ER transmembrane protein IRE1α is critical for this transition. IRE1α activation is regulated by both intra-ER and cytosolic cues. We evaluated the role for the presently discovered cytokine-induced and IRE1α-interacting protein ubiquitin D (UBD) on the regulation of IRE1α and its downstream targets. UBD was identified by use of a MAPPIT (mammalian protein-protein interaction trap)-based IRE1α interactome screen followed by comparison against functional genomic analysis of human and rodent beta cells exposed to pro-inflammatory cytokines. Knockdown of UBD in human and rodent beta cells and detailed signal transduction studies indicated that UBD modulates cytokine-induced UPR/IRE1α activation and apoptosis. UBD expression is induced by the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and interferon (IFN)-γ in rat and human pancreatic beta cells, and it is also up-regulated in beta cells of inflamed islets from non-obese diabetic mice. UBD interacts with IRE1α in human and rodent beta cells, modulating IRE1α-dependent activation of JNK and cytokine-induced apoptosis. Our data suggest that UBD provides a negative feedback on cytokine-induced activation of the IRE1α/JNK pro-apoptotic pathway in cytokine-exposed beta cells.
Optimisation of amorphous and polymorphous silicon thin layers for formation of front side heterojonction solar cells on p-type crystalline silicon substrate (2005)

International audience
Cover Picture: Fast and Reversible Surface Redox Reaction in Nanocrystalline Vanadium Nitride Supercapacitors (Adv. Mater. 9/2006) (2006)

Abstract The cover shows a high magnification transmission electron microscopy image of VN nanoparticles that exhibit enhanced supercapacitor response. The high capacitance is due to V undergoing a series of highly reversible redox reactions. These involve a transition between II–IV oxidation states via hydroxyl bonding confined to a few atomic layers of vanadium oxides formed on the surface of the underlying nitride, as discussed by Kumta and co‐workers on p. 1178.
Increased Pulmonary Artery Elastolytic Activity in Adult Rats with Monocrotaline-induced Progressive Hypertensive Pulmonary Vascular Disease Compared with Infant Rats with Nonprogressive Disease (1992)

In a rat model of pulmonary hypertension induced by monocrotaline, medial hypertrophy of the pulmonary arteries is associated with enhanced production (synthesis) of insoluble elastin relative to accumulation and an increased number of elastin fragments, features suggestive of an elastolytic process. In the present study, we measured and characterized pulmonary artery (PA) elastolytic activity at time points before as well as coincident with the progression of medial hypertrophy in monocrotaline-injected adult male Sprague-Dawley rats. We also determined whether medial hypertrophy is preceded by ultrastructural changes in elastin. Since medial hypertrophy develops but fails to progress in rats injected with monocrotaline at 8 days of age, we assessed whether, compared with adult rats, there were also structural and biochemical differences in elastin and elastolytic activity. A twofold increase in elastolytic activity per milligram tissue was observed 2 days after monocrotaline injection in adult rats (p less than 0.01), and there was an increased number of breaks in the internal elastic lamina (IEL) at 4 days (p less than 0.05) (i.e., before the development of medial hypertrophy). Associated with the progression of medial hypertrophy between 16 and 28 days after monocrotaline injection, there was a further threefold increase in elastolytic activity per milligram tissue by 28 days (p less than 0.01). Susceptibility of the elastolytic activity to specific inhibitors suggested that one or more serine elastases is involved. In infant rats in which medial and right ventricular hypertrophy fail to progress in severity between 16 and 28 days after monocrotaline injection, we did not measure an increase in elastolytic activity, nor was there evidence of an increase in the number of breaks in the IEL at 4 days, suggesting a lack of increased elastolytic activity at an earlier time point. The total content of PA elastin in infant rats, although increased compared with control rats (p less than 0.01), was not associated with heightened production and appeared ultrastructurally as thicker laminae (p less than 0.05) rather than as fragments previously reported in adult rats.
An adaptive linear multiuser receiver for deep water acoustic local area networks (2002)

The acoustic local area network (ALAN) is designed for multipoint-to-point telemetry between ocean bottom sensors and a surface receiver in deep water areas. The main obstacle for coherent communications in this channel is strong multiple-access interference from cochannel signals, which affects a common narrowband request channel. Throughput and packet delay in this network depends on the capability of the receiver to resolve collisions between request packets. In this paper we propose an adaptive multiuser receiver for joint parameter estimation and multiple-access interference cancellation. It extends previous work on adaptive multiuser detectors to the more realistic communication scenario by estimating signal parameters rather than assuming that they are known. The adaptive approach is different from the one used in a centralized multiuser receiver in that no knowledge of the signature sequences of any of the active users is required.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
World Congress Integrative Medicine & Health 2017: Part one (2017)

We are excited to present the abstracts of the keynote speakers, parallel sessions and oral and poster presentations of the World Congress on
The relationship between cigarette smoking and the tongue microbiome in an East Asian population (2020)

<b>Background</b>: The oral microbiome, which consists of various habitats, has been shown to be influenced by smoking. However, differences in the tongue microbiomes of current and former smokers, as well as their resultant functional consequences, have rarely been investigated in East Asian populations. <b>Methods</b>: We used <i>16S rRNA</i> amplicon sequencing of tongue-coating samples obtained from East Asian subjects who were current, former, or never smokers to identify differences in their tongue microbiomes and related metagenomic functions. Two sets of participants from 2016 to 2017 (n = 657 and n = 187, respectively) were analyzed separately. <b>Results</b>: We found significant differences between the overall microbiome compositions of current versus never smokers (p = 0.0015), but not between former versus never smokers (p = 0.43) based on the weighted UniFrac distance. Twenty-nine of 43 investigated genera showed significantly different expression levels in current versus never smokers. <i>Neisseria</i> and <i>Capnocytophaga</i> were less abundant, and <i>Streptococcus</i> and <i>Megasphaera</i> were more abundant in current smokers. Moreover, the abundances of metagenomic pathways, including those related to nitrate reduction and the tricarboxylic acid cycle, were significantly different between current and never smokers. <b>Conclusions</b>: The tongue microbiomes and related metagenomic pathways of current smokers differ from those of never smokers among East Asians.
Malaria vaccines in the eradication era: current status and future perspectives (2019)

Despite decades of research there is no highly effective licensed malaria vaccine. However, there is cause for optimism as new adjuvants and vaccine systems emerge, and our understanding of correlates of protection increases, especially regarding cellular immunity. The new field of heterologous (non-specific) effects of vaccines also highlights the broader consequences of immunization. Importantly, the WHO led Malaria Vaccine Technology Roadmap illustrates that there is a political will among the global health community to make it happen.