gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tunable Handset Antenna: Enhancing Efficiency on TV White Spaces (2017)

With the future long term evolution (LTE) auction for television white spaces at 600 MHz, there is a strong need for efficient handset antennas operating at very low frequencies. This communication shows a tunable antenna covering the LTE bands from 600 MHz to 2.6 GHz. The antenna uses state-of-the-art microelectromechanical system tunable capacitors in order to reconfigure its operating frequency. In this communication, the design mitigates the tuning loss with a tunable extended ground plane. The resulting dual-resonant antenna exhibits a peak total efficiency of -3.9 dB at 600 MHz.
Mode matching interface for efficient coupling of light into planar photonic crystals (2004)

In order to integrate superdispersive elements based on photonic crystals, such as the superprism, with conventional integrated optics, insertion losses at the interface to the photonic crystal need to be reduced to an acceptable level. We describe a mode matching interface composed of cascaded diffraction gratings that generates the field profile of the photonic crystal Bloch mode from a slab mode. We calculate with three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain computation that by interposing such a multilayered grating between an unpatterned slab and a planar photonic crystal, the insertion efficiency is enhanced from 9% to 84%. Each diffraction grating consists of a row of holes and does not require any additional process steps from those used to fabricate the planar photonic crystal. In order to optimize the efficiency of the mode matching interface, constructive interference conditions are imposed between successive gratings and reflections from individual gratings are suppressed. We fabricate devices in silicon on insulator material and show experimental evidence of the Bloch mode structure and of the mode matching mechanism.
Structure, Electrochemistry, and Magnetism of the Iron(III)-Substituted Keggin Dimer, [Fe6(OH)3(A-α-GeW9O34(OH)3)2]11- (2005)

The iron(III)-substituted tungstogermanate [Fe6(OH)3(A-alpha-GeWO34(OH)3)2]11- (1) has been synthesized and characterized by IR, elemental analysis, SQUID magnetometry, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electrochemistry. Single-crystal X-ray analysis was carried out on Cs4Na7[Fe6(OH)3(A-alpha-GeW9O34(OH)3)2] x 30H2O, which crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/m, with a = 36.981(4) A, b = 16.5759(15) A, c = 16.0678(15) A, beta = 95.311(3) degrees, and Z = 4. Polyanion 1 consists of two (A-alpha-GeW9O34) Keggin moieties linked via six Fe3+ ions, leading to a double-sandwich structure. The equivalent iron centers represent a trigonal prismatic Fe6 fragment, resulting in virtual D3h symmetry for 1. Electrochemistry studies revealed that 1 is stable in solution from pH 3 to at least pH 7. In pH = 3 media the reduction of the six Fe3+ centers was featured by a single voltammetric wave for most supporting electrolytes used. In that case, whatever the scan rate from 1000 mV x s(-1) down to 2 mV x s(-1), no splitting of the single Fe-wave of 1 was observed. The acetate medium induced a partial splitting of the wave, and this separation is enhanced with increasing pH. Remarkable efficiency of 1 in the electrocatalytic reduction of nitrite, nitric oxide, and nitrate is demonstrated. Magnetic susceptibility (chi) measurements indicate a diamagnetic (S(T) = 0) ground state, with an average J = -12 cm(-1) and g = 2.00. EPR studies confirm that the ground state is indeed diamagnetic, since the EPR signal intensity steadily decreases without any line broadening as the temperature is lowered and becomes unobservable below about 50 K. The signal is a single broad peak at all frequencies (90-370 GHz), ascribed to the thermally accessible excited states. Its g(iso) is 1.992 51, as expected for a high-spin Fe3+-containing species, and supports the chi data analysis.
Compact long-wave infrared ring resonator for sensing applications (2018)

Surface polaritons have been shown to provide subwavelength confinement. Surface phonon polaritons (SPhPs), electromagnetic waves coupled to lattice vibrations in a polar dielectric, allow for highly confined propagating modes beyond the limit of diffraction within the mid to long infrared (IR). In recent years, it has been shown that hybrid plasmonic and phononic waveguides can support long-range hybrid modes that result from the coupling between SPhPs and a high index dielectric tracer. This work investigates the use of a hybrid phononic waveguide as a building block of a ring resonator that operates in the long wave infrared (LWIR) spectrum. Critical coupling condition and trade-off between ring diameter and output power are characterized. LWIR ring resonators hold promise for numerous applications including modulation, biosensing, photodetectors, and chemical sensing.
A convergence theorem for controlled queues with partial information (2003)

We consider a queuing problem in which both the service rate of a finite-buffer queue and its rate of arrivals are functions of the same partially observed Markov chain. Basic performance indices of this device, such as long term throughput and loss rates, are expressed in terms of an invariant measure over a suitable finite-dimensional simplex. In this paper we prove the existence of that invariant measure.
A Critical Role of the Adenosine A2AReceptor in Extrastriatal Neurons in Modulating Psychomotor Activity as Revealed by Opposite Phenotypes of Striatum and Forebrain A2AReceptor Knock-Outs (2008)

The function of striatal adenosine A(2A) receptors (A(2A)Rs) is well recognized because of their high expression levels and the documented antagonistic interaction between A(2A)Rs and dopamine D(2) receptors in the striatum. However, the role of extrastriatal A(2A)Rs in modulating psychomotor activity is largely unexplored because of the low level of expression and lack of tools to distinguish A(2A)Rs in intrinsic striatal versus nonstriatal neurons. Here, we provided direct evidence for the critical role of A(2A)Rs in extrastriatal neurons in modulating psychomotor behavior using newly developed striatum-specific A(2A)R knock-out (st-A(2A)R KO) mice in comparison with forebrain-specific A(2A)R KO (fb-A(2A)R KO) mice. In contrast to fb-A(2A)R KO (deleting A(2A)Rs in the neurons of striatum as well as cerebral cortex and hippocampus), st-A(2A)R KO mice exhibited Cre-mediated selective deletion of the A(2A)R gene, mRNA, and proteins in the neurons (but not astrocytes and microglial cells) of the striatum only. Strikingly, cocaine- and phencyclidine-induced psychomotor activities were enhanced in st-A(2A)R KO but attenuated in fb-A(2A)R KO mice. Furthermore, selective inactivation of the A(2A)Rs in extrastriatal cells by administering the A(2A)R antagonist KW6002 into st-A(2A)R KO mice attenuated cocaine effects, whereas KW6002 administration into wild-type mice enhanced cocaine effects. These results identify a critical role of A(2A)Rs in extrastriatal neurons in providing a prominent excitatory effect on psychomotor activity. These results indicate that A(2A)Rs in striatal and extrastriatal neurons exert an opposing modulation of psychostimulant effects and provide the first direct demonstration of a predominant facilitatory role of extrastriatal A(2A)Rs.
Dipole-dipole interaction in three-dimensional optical lattices (1996)

We compute the near-resonant dipole-dipole interaction between atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice. After a general derivation, we concentrate specifically on the case of a J=1/2\ensuremath{\rightarrow}J=3/2 off-resonant transition, in which case the excited electronic states can be adiabatically eliminated. We present in detail the spatial dependence of the resulting effective dipole-dipole potential, and discuss the physical origin of its anisotropy. In addition to impacting the center-of-mass motion of the atoms, the effective dipole-dipole potential can induce electronic transitions within one or both atoms. The symmetries of the matrix elements corresponding to these various mechanisms are also commented upon. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Scalable Synthesis of the Potent HIV Inhibitor BMS‐986001 by Non‐Enzymatic Dynamic Kinetic Asymmetric Transformation (DYKAT) (2015)

Abstract Described herein is the synthesis of BMS‐986001 by employing two novel organocatalytic transformations: 1) a highly selective pyranose to furanose ring tautomerization to access an advanced intermediate, and 2) an unprecedented small‐molecule‐mediated dynamic kinetic resolution to access a variety of enantiopure pyranones, one of which served as a versatile building block for the multigram, stereoselective, and chromatography‐free synthesis of BMS‐986001. The synthesis required five chemical transformations and resulted in a 44 % overall yield.
Autoantibodies and Sjogren’s Syndrome in Multiple Sclerosis, a Reappraisal (2013)

Rheumatologic autoantibodies are frequently found in MS patients and are not associated with disease severity or systemic rheumatologic disease. Our demonstration of the low specificity of these autoantibodies suggests that the diagnostic utility and cost-effectiveness of testing is not supported when there is strong clinical suspicion of MS and low clinical suspicion of rheumatologic disease.
Standalone sulfide based lithium ion-conducting glass solid electrolyte and associated structures, cells and methods (2023)

A standalone lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner.
Knowledge Reactor: A Contextual Computing Work In Progress For Eldercare (2018)

The world-wide population of people over 60 years<br> of age is growing rapidly. The explosion is placing increasingly<br> onerous demands on individual families, multiple industries and<br> entire countries. Current, human-intensive approaches to eldercare<br> are not sustainable, but IoT and AI technologies can help. The<br> Knowledge Reactor (KR) is a contextual, data fusion engine built to<br> address this and other similar problems. It fuses and centralizes IoT<br> and System of Record/Engagement data into a reactive knowledge<br> graph. Cognitive applications and services are constructed with its<br> multiagent architecture. The KR can scale-up and scaledown, because<br> it exploits container-based, horizontally scalable services for graph<br> store (JanusGraph) and pub-sub (Kafka) technologies. While the KR<br> can be applied to many domains that require IoT and AI technologies,<br> this paper describes how the KR specifically supports the challenging<br> domain of cognitive eldercare. Rule- and machine learning-based<br> analytics infer activities of daily living from IoT sensor readings. KR<br> scalability, adaptability, flexibility and usability are demonstrated.
Free-space excitation of resonant cavities formed from cloaking metamaterial (2009)

We propose a new class of resonant electromagnetic structures, and study their response to free-space illumination. The structures consist of partial cylindrical shells that have the cloaking material properties proposed by Pendry et al. [Science 2006, 312, 1780]. These metamaterial shells have apertures that allow the propagation of incident irradiation into an interior resonant cavity. We use full wave time-harmonic analysis to study the field distribution inside the cavity, and show that an analogue of Whispering Gallery Modes (WGMs) can be efficiently excited via free-space illumination.
Nondestructive, serial in vivo imaging of a tissue-flap using a tissue adhesion barrier (2012)

Intravital Microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool for imaging of dynamic events in living subjects and benefits from flexibility of various tissue preparation techniques. For example, a “tissue flap” (TF) approach initially affords high spatial resolution and physiological imaging with minimal tissue preparation, but serial TF imaging greatly increases the effects of pathological inflammation, resulting in postoperative adhesions and tissue injury. We took a materials science approach by implanting a commercially available, thin film, biopolymer tissue adhesion barrier (TAB) beneath the TF during serial imaging of the normal and developing breast in transgenic fluorescent mice, and with a fluorescent orthotopic mouse lymphoma model. We applied the TAB post-operatively beneath the TF to isolate the TF from the underlying peritoneum. When re-imaging the TF every 3–4 d, with a new TAB placed each time, we observed reduced hemorrhage, fibrous connective tissue and soft tissue damage. The presence of the TAB enabled sequential imaging of orthopically located EGFP+-lymphoma cells and associated vasculature at short intervals. In particular, it enabled visualization and tracking of the same individual fluorescent branches of the mammary gland in both adult and developing mice over time; likewise, it enabled tracking of lymph nodes. We conclude that this simple method affords great potential to serially track rare, microscopic, tissue-wide events in parenchyma or stroma. Potential applications include tracking proliferation and motility of transplanted cancer cells, stem cell-driven tissue growth, and tumor cell-stromal cell interactions at high spatial and temporal resolution.
Genetic Characterization of Diverse HIV-1 Strains in an Immigrant Population Living in New York City (2006)

New York City (NYC) is one of the original foci of the HIV-1 epidemic and has a greater number of AIDS cases than any other city in the United States. NYC also hosts the highest number of immigrants among the nation's cities: more than 2 million among a total population of 8 million. Such a high rate of immigration could act as a potential source for introducing and disseminating novel HIV-1 strains into the United States. Our current study focuses on the genetic characterization of HIV-1 strains circulating in an immigrant population in NYC. Of the 505 HIV-1-positive specimens obtained, 196 were available for viral sequencing from the C2 to V3 region of env. Phylogenetic analysis using maximum-likelihood and neighbor-joining methods demonstrated that non-B subtypes and circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) accounted for 43.4% (85 of 196 cases), whereas the remaining 56.6% (111 of 196) cases had viral variants similar to the typical North American subtype B virus. Of those non-B subtypes and CRFs, subtype A and CRF02 dominated (63.5% combined); other subtypes, including C, D, F1, G, CRF01_AE, and CRF06_cpx, were also detected. Two HIV-1 sequences do not cluster with any known subtypes or CRFs. Furthermore, the distribution of non-B subtypes and CRFs was consistent with the countries of origin, suggesting that many of the study subjects were likely infected in their home country before they entered the United States. Subtype B viruses identified in the immigrant population showed no significant differences from the typical North American B subtype, however, indicating that a significant proportion of the immigrants must have been infected after they came to the United States. Public health officials and physicians should be aware of the growing genetic diversity of HIV-1 in this country, particularly in areas with sizable immigrant populations.
Dynamic Performance of a Chip Level Adaptive Equalizer in a UMTS High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) Terminal (2006)

The HSDPA mode of the 3GPP UMTS FDD standard extends the peak downlink rate of the W-CDMA waveform to 14 Mbps. To achieve high rates across a multipath channel the demodulator must include an advanced receiver rather than a conventional Rake. This paper presents the performance of an NLMS-based adaptive equalizer that supports mobile velocities as high as 250 km/h. The equalizer works with radio and implementation impairments typical of a non-HSDPA receiver, so redesign of the terminal front end is not required. A key aspect of the design is dynamically adjusting the equalizer step size and leakage parameter. There is often concern about the ability of an adaptive algorithm to operate in a highly mobile environment. The transient behavior is discussed in the context of HSDPA operation and examples are provided of initial convergence and operation after a sudden change in propagation conditions.
Colouring up Plant Biotechnology (2012)

We review the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway describing the enzymatic steps involved in anthocyanidin formation and the proteins involved in transport of anthocyanins to the vacuole. Regulatory proteins interacting in a MYB-bHLH-WDR (MBW) complex control the transcription of the genes encoding the enzymes and associated proteins involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. Using this system, we have developed vectors that allow for in vivo screening of transformed plant cells (marked by their production of anthocyanin). These vectors can be used as cis-genic screenable markers for different plant species. This system can also be used as an in vivo reporter of gene expression that is sensitive and does not involve destruction of tissues, staining or use of fluorescence microscopes. We have produced tomato plants in which the fruit make high levels of purple anthocyanins. This provides a research tool for marking silenced areas following agro-injection of VIGS vectors in fruit. This facilitates high-throughput analysis of genes of unknown function expressed during fruit ripening.
Decreased atrioventricular plane displacement after acute myocardial infarction yields a concomitant decrease in stroke volume (2019)

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) can progress to heart failure, which has a poor prognosis. Normally, 60% of stroke volume (SV) is attributed to the longitudinal ventricular shortening and lengthening evident in the atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD) during the cardiac cycle, but there is no information on how the relationship changes between SV and AVPD before and after AMI. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine how SV depends on AVPD before and after AMI in two swine models. Serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging was carried out before and 1-2 h after AMI in a microembolization model (<i>n</i> = 12) and an ischemia-reperfusion model (<i>n</i> = 14). A subset of pigs (<i>n</i> = 7) were additionally imaged at 24 h and at 7 days. Cine and late gadolinium enhancement images were analyzed for cardiac function, AVPD measurements and infarct size estimation, respectively. AVPD decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.05) in all myocardial regions after AMI, with a concomitant SV decrease (<i>P</i> < 0.001). The ischemia-reperfusion model affected SV to a higher degree and had a larger AVPD decrease than the microembolization model (-29 ± 14% vs. -15 ± 18%; <i>P</i> < 0.05). Wall thickening decreased in infarcted areas (<i>P</i> < 0.001), and A-wave AVPD remained unchanged (<i>P</i> = 0.93) whereas E-wave AVPD decreased (<i>P</i> < 0.001) after AMI. We conclude that AVPD is coupled to SV independent of infarct type but likely to a greater degree in ischemia-reperfusion infarcts compared with microembolization infarcts. AMI reduces diastolic early filling AVPD but not AVPD from atrial contraction. These findings shed light on the physiological significance of atrioventricular plane motion when assessing acute and subacute myocardial infarction.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> The link between cardiac longitudinal motion, measured as atrioventricular plane displacement (AVPD), and stroke volume (SV) is investigated in swine after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This cardiac magnetic resonance study demonstrates a close coupling between AVPD and SV before and after AMI in an experimental setting and demonstrates that this connection is present in ischemia-reperfusion and microembolization infarcts, acutely and during the first week. Furthermore, AVPD is equally and persistently depressed in infarcted and remote myocardium after AMI.
Distributed control of spatially invariant systems over Sobolev spaces (2014)

We consider spatially invariant systems where the underlying state space is an inner-product Sobolev space. Such systems arise when considering certain state-space representations of partial differential equations of higher temporal order. We show how standard results on exponential stability, stabilizability and optimal control with quadratic criteria can be generalized to those systems. These generalizations require some bookkeeping of spatial frequency weighting functions related to the Sobolev inner products, and simple recipes for doing so are given. The results are illustrated with examples of distributed control of wave and beam equations.
Micro-MRI at 11.7 T of a Murine Brain Tumor Model Using Delayed Contrast Enhancement (2003)

In vivo imaging methodologies allow for serial measurement of tumor size, circumventing the need for sacrificing mice at given time points. In orthotopically transplanted murine models of brain tumors, cross-section micro-MRI allows for visualization and measurement of the physically inaccessible tumors. To allow for long resident times of a contrast agent in the tumor, intraperitoneal administration was used as a route of injection for contrast-enhanced micro-MRI, and a simple method for relative tumor volume measurements was examined. A strategy for visualizing the variability of the delayed tumor enhancement was developed. These strategies were applied to monitor the growth of brain tumors xenotransplanted into nude mice and either treated with the antiangiogenic peptide EMD 121974 or an inactive control peptide. Each mouse was used as its own control. Serial imaging was done weekly, beginning at Day 7 after tumor cell implantation and continued for 7 weeks. Images obtained were reconstructed on the MRI instrument. The image files were transferred off line to be postprocessed to assess tumor growth (volume) and variability in enhancement (three-dimensional [3-D] intensity models). In a small study, tumor growth and response to treatment were followed using this methodology and the high-resolution images displayed in 3-D allowed for straightforward qualitative assessment of variable enhancement related to vascular factors and tumor age.
Reconstitution of interactions between the Src tyrosine kinases and Ras GTPase-activating protein using a baculovirus expression system. (1992)

Ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP) has been implicated in mitogenic signal transduction downstream of oncogenic and receptor tyrosine kinases. Previous studies have suggested that GAP is phosphorylated by oncogenic viral Src (v-Src) and that GAP is associated with a complex containing normal cellular Src (c-Src) in vertebrate fibroblasts. To investigate molecular interactions between the Src kinases and GAP, we developed an in vitro system for reconstituting Src-GAP complexes. For this purpose, we constructed recombinant baculovirus vectors that direct expression of Rous sarcoma virus v-Src, chicken c-Src, and bovine GAP in infected Sf9 insect cells. In vitro reconstitution experiments using baculovirus-expressed proteins demonstrate that both v-Src and c-Src associate in complexes with GAP. In addition, in vitro and in vivo phosphorylation analyses indicate that GAP serves as a substrate for both the v-Src and c-Src tyrosine kinases. To determine which structural features of GAP are involved in interactions with the Src kinases, we constructed recombinant baculoviruses that encode deletion mutants of bovine GAP. Deletion of the GAP amino-terminal portion containing Src homology 2 regions, which are highly conserved structural motifs postulated to mediate interactions among proteins, diminishes GAP phosphorylation and association with Src. This reconstitution system should facilitate further studies of molecular interactions between the Src kinases and GAP.