gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Converting Written Language to Spoken Language with Neural Machine Translation for Language Modeling (2020)

When building a language model (LM) for spontaneous speech, the ideal situation is to have a large amount of spoken, in-domain training data. Having such abundant data, however, is not realistic. We address this problem by generating texts in spoken language from those in written language by using a neural machine translation (NMT) model. We collected faithful transcripts of fully spontaneous speech and corresponding written versions and used them as a parallel corpus to train the NMT model. We used top-k random sampling, which generates a large variety of texts of higher quality as compared to other generation methods for NMT. We indicate that the NMT model is capable of converting written texts in a certain domain to spoken texts, and that the converted texts are effective for training LMs. Our experimental results show significant improvement of speech recognition accuracy with the LMs.
Accelerating Radiation Therapy Dose Calculation with Nvidia GPUs (2021)

Radiation Treatment Planning (RTP) is the process of planning the appropriate external beam radiotherapy to combat cancer in human patients. RTP is a complex and compute-intensive task, which often takes a long time (several hours) to compute. Reducing this time allows for higher productivity at clinics and more sophisticated treatment planning, which can materialize in better treatments. The state-of-the-art in medical facilities uses general-purpose processors (CPUs) to perform many steps in the RTP process. In this paper, we explore the use of accelerators to reduce RTP calculating time. We focus on the step that calculates the dose using the Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), which we believe is an excellent candidate for this computation type. Next, we create a highly optimized implementation for a custom Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SpMV) that operates on numerical formats unavailable in state-of-the-art SpMV libraries (e.g., Ginkgo and cuSPARSE). We show that our implementation is several times faster than the baseline (up-to 4x) and has a higher operational intensity than similar (but different) versions such as Ginkgo and cuSPARSE.
Quantification of radiotracer uptake with a dedicated breast PET imaging system (2008)

Tomographic breast imaging techniques can be used to quantify radiotracer uptake in breast and tumor tissue. However, physical processes common to PET imaging can confound accurate quantification. In this investigation, we assessed the effects of these phenomena and tested correction schemes for our new positron emission mammography-tomography system (PEM-PET). The PEM-PET scanner utilizes two sets of rotating planar detector heads. Each unit consists of a 4 x 3 array of Hamamatsu H8500 flat panel position sensitive photomultipliers coupled to a 96 x 72 array of 2 x 2 x 15 mm3 LYSO detector elements (pitch = 2.1 mm). Image reconstruction is performed with a 3D-OSEM algorithm parallelized to run on a multiprocessor computer system. The reconstructed field-of-view is 15 x 15 x 15 cm3. Much of the testing procedures were based on NEMA-NU2/2001 protocols. Count rate losses due to pulse pile-up, image contamination due to acceptance of random coincidences and Compton scatter, and image artifacts produced by photon attenuation were measured. It was found that the system was susceptible to count rate losses when moderate levels of radiation were present in the scanner due to the current design of the event trigger electronics. Application of corrections for Compton scattering, photon attenuation and dead time resulted in improved estimations of 18F concentration in simplified phantom studies. Results from these preliminary studies indicate that the PEM-PET scanner will be useful for the quantification of radiotracer uptake in breast tumors, possibly facilitating early assessment of cancer treatments.
Conception et analyse des antennes MIMOS dédiées aux communications ULB (2009)

National audience
Three Dimensional Simulation Of Adaptive BoneRemodelling In THR Femur (1970)

The adaptive bone remodeling phenomenon in the femur before and after prosthetic total hip joint replacement (THR) was investigated using the three dimensional finite element method. A normal hip joint model which composed of the proximal femur and the pelvic bone including femoral head and acetabular was constructed three-dimensionally by our method reported previously. The simulation model was use to determine the bone density distribution in a normal femur using the adaptive bone remodeling theory proposed by Weinans et al. It was confirmed that the bone density distribution obtained from the simulation was almost similar to the physiological distribution of mineral content of a normal human femur observed by an X-ray photograph. Subsequently, THR model was constructed by the insertion of a noncemented prosthesis of Harris Type into the normal hip joint model. The remodeling simulation of THR model showed that the bone density and the stress decreased significantly at cancellous bone around bone-stem interface. This result supports that the bone remodeling is one of the important biomechanical reason of loosening to occur in a femur with a noncemented prosthesis. In addition, the configuration effect of a collar projection at prosthesis on bone remodeling was analyzed with this model. However, the effect was not clear in this simulation.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel Primaquine-Cinnamic Acid Conjugates of the Amide and Acylsemicarbazide Type (2016)

In this paper design and synthesis of a scaffold comprising primaquine (PQ) motif and cinnamic acid derivatives (CADs) bound directly (compounds <b>3a</b>-<b>k</b>) or via a spacer (compounds <b>7a</b>-<b>k</b>) are reported. In the first series of compounds, PQ and various CADs were connected by amide bonds and in the second series by acylsemicarbazide functional groups built from the PQ amino group, CONHNH spacer and the carbonyl group originating from the CADs. PQ-CAD amides <b>3a</b>-<b>k</b> were prepared by a simple one-step condensation reaction of PQ with a series of CAD chlorides (method A) or benzotriazolides <b>2</b> (method B). The synthesis of acylsemicarbazides <b>7a</b>-<b>k</b> included activation of PQ with benzotriazole, preparation of PQ-semicarbazide <b>6</b> and its condensation with CAD chlorides <b>4</b>. All synthesized PQ-CAD conjugates were evaluated for their anticancer, antiviral and antioxidative activities. Almost all compounds from series <b>3</b> were selective towards the MCF-7 cell line and active at micromolar concentrations. The <i>o</i>-fluoro derivative <b>3h</b> showed high activity against HeLa, MCF-7 and in particular against the SW 620 cell line, while acylsemicarbazide <b>7f</b> with a benzodioxole ring and <b>7c</b>, <b>7g</b> and especially <b>7j</b> with methoxy-, chloro- or trifluoromethyl-substituents in the <i>para</i> position showed high selectivity and high inhibitory activity against MCF-7 cell line at micromolar (<b>7c</b>, <b>7f</b>, <b>7g</b>) and nanomolar (<b>7j</b>) levels. Acylsemicarbazide derivatives with trifluoromethyl group(s) <b>7i</b>, <b>7j</b> and 7<b>k</b> showed specific activity against human coronavirus (229E) at concentrations which did not alter the normal cell morphology. The same compounds exerted the most potent reducing activity in the DPPH test, together with <b>7d</b> and <b>7g</b>, while methoxy (compounds <b>7c</b>-<b>e</b>), benzodioxole (<b>7f</b>), <i>p</i>-Cl (<b>7g</b>) and <i>m</i>-CF₃ (<b>7i</b>) acylsemicarbazides and amide <b>3f</b> presented the highest LP inhibition (83%-89%). The dimethoxy derivative <b>7d</b> was the most potent LOX inhibitor (IC<sub>50</sub> = 10 μΜ). The performed biological tests gave evidence of acylsemicarbazide functional group as superior binding group in PQ-CAD conjugates.
Effect of pulse duration fluctuation on the photodetection of a train of pulses from an optical frequency comb (2018)

Microwave signals with unprecedented ultra-low phase noise can be generated by photo-detecting stabilized optical pulse trains from femtosecond laser. However, excess noise introduced by photodetection limits the phase noise performance of generated microwave signals. Here, we demonstrate a new limitation that arises from the pulse duration fluctuation of ultrashort optical pulses. Such fluctuations, although minute compared to the pulse duration itself, convert to phase fluctuations in the microwave electrical waveforms generated by photodetection in a fast InGaAS pin photodiode, due to nonlinear processes. We quantitatively characterize the pulse duration to phase conversion coefficient under various experimental configurations (bias voltage, optical power, etc). Furthermore, by combining this quantitative characterization with experimental microwave phase noise measurement under conditions where this new effect is the dominant source of noise, we have characterized quantitatively, to our knowledge for the first time, the pulse duration noise that is present at the output of an Erbium doped fiber based femtosecond laser and its optical amplification chain.
Abstract 565: RORγ agonists regulate immune checkpoint receptors to enhance anti-tumor immunity (2016)

Abstract As the master transcription factor for Type 17 T cells, RORγt activates a program of gene expression associated with enhancing effector function and overcoming immune suppression. Lycera is developing synthetic, small molecule RORγ agonists for immunotherapy of cancer. We have previously reported that RORγγ agonists increase type 17 cytokine and chemokine production, enhance cell survival and have single agent anti-tumor activity in syngeneic tumor models. Interestingly, transcriptional profiling and cytometry studies revealed that treatment of murine and human Th17 or Tc17 cells with RORγ agonists increases the expression of costimulatory receptors such as CD137 and decreased expression of coinhibitory receptors like PD-1. Given the importance of PD-1 in anti-tumor immunity, we further characterized the effects of RORγ agonist on this pathway. In vitro treatment with RORγ agonists significantly decreases mean fluorescent intensity and percent PD-1+ cells after resting and repetitive restimulation of Type 17 T cells. RORγ agonists do not modulate PD-1 expression in RORγ-/- T cells. In co-cultures of wild type and RORγ-/- T cells in the presence of the agonist, RORγ-/- T cells have reduced PD-1 expression suggesting that RORγ agonists induce a transmissible effect on RORγ-/- T cells. However, ChIP-seq data indicates that RORγt does not directly bind to the promoter or enhancer element of PD-1. Transcriptional and epigenetic profiling experiments have identified several pathways modulated by RORγ agonists that may regulate PD-1 expression. Reduced PD-1 expression following RORγ agonist treatment has a functional impact as treated cells also resist PD-L1-mediated inhibition of cytokine production and proliferation. Importantly, the decreased PD-1 expression observed after in vitro treatment with RORγ agonists is maintained following adoptive transfer of tumor specific T cells. These cells are highly effective at controlling tumor growth without further agonist treatment in vivo, suggesting that in vitro RORγ agonist treatment results in durable epigenetic changes. In summary, RORγ agonists have been shown to decrease checkpoint receptor expression while enhancing cytokine production and promoting long term survival and self-renewal of T cells. These results provide rationales for combining an RORγ agonist with checkpoint inhibitor such as anti-CTLA4 or anti-PD-1. By integrating effects on different effector pathways, RORγ agonists represent a promising immunotherapy approach for the treatment of cancer. Citation Format: Xiao Hu, Xikui Liu, Jacques Moisan, Chrystal Paulos, Yahong Wang, Chauncey Spooner, Charles Lesch, Rodney Morgan, David Mertz, Dick Bousley, Clarke Taylor, Chad Van Huis, Don Skalitzky, Thomas Aicher, Peter Toogood, Laura Carter. RORγ agonists regulate immune checkpoint receptors to enhance anti-tumor immunity. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 565.
Asynchronous design by conversion: converting synchronous circuits into asynchronous ones (2004)

A novel methodology and algorithm for the design of large low-power asynchronous systems are described. The system is synthesized by a commercial tool as a synchronous circuit, and subsequently converted into an asynchronous one. The conversion algorithm consists of extracting input and output sets, replacing the storage elements, identifying fork and join sets, and constructing request and acknowledge networks. A DLAP (doubly latched asynchronous pipeline) architecture is employed. The resulting asynchronous circuit can adapt its effective operating frequency to the supply voltage, facilitating flexible and efficient power management. The algorithm has been validated on several circuits.
Post-FEC Performance of Nondifferential Transmission in the Presence of Phase Noise (2015)

We assess the impact of phase noise on the bit error rate (BER) after forward error correction (FEC) decoding (post-FEC BER) and on the error distribution in the case of differential and nondifferential (ND) transmission. We show that the use of pilot symbols enables reliable ND transmission and relaxes the requirements on bit-interleaving, and therefore, on the end-to-end latency. Further, we provide guidelines for the design and choice of carrier recovery and FEC parameters to obtain good performance in typical scenarios. All presented results are achieved through the use of a high-speed system emulation platform based on field-programmable gate arrays and thus achieve high reliability even for very low post-FEC BER.
Electrical properties related to growth defects in metamorphic GaSb films on Si (2016)

This paper reports on correlation of growth-related defects and electrical properties in GaSb films grown on different Si substrates using metamorphic buffers. Large lattice mismatch between GaSb and Si (∼11%) results in the formation of threading dislocations (TDs) and microtwins (MTs) along with antiphase domains due to the lack of inversion symmetry in III-V's. The defect density profiles were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The TD density of just below 108 cm−2 and MT density below 104 cm−1 were found in 2.1 μm thick structures, and were found to be four times higher than in similar GaSb structures on GaAs substrates. Hole density and mobility profiles were obtained using differential Hall method and show that dislocations (TDs or MT partials) generate about 25 acceptors/nm. Minimum midgap interface trap density values are similar in the metal-oxide-semiconductor structures prepared on GaAs and Si, ∼2 × 1012 cm2 eV−1.
New Benzamide Analogues of Metronidazole‐tethered Triazoles as Non‐sugar Based Inhibitors of β ‐Glucuronidase (2019)

Abstract The present study describes the synthesis, and evaluation of β ‐glucuronidase inhibitory potential of metronidazole analogues. Twenty‐four metronidazole‐tethered benzamide triazoles ( 28‐51 ) were synthesized using copper‐catalyzed Huisgen alkyne‐azide cycloaddition reaction, and characterized by using different spectroscopic techniques. All of them were identified as new compounds. Compounds 28–51 demonstrated weak to excellent in vitro β ‐glucuronidase inhibitory activity with no toxicity against 3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines. Compound 51 (IC 50 =12.41 ± 0.58 μ M) was found to be the most active β ‐glucuronidase inhibitor among the series, with an activity ∼4 times higher than the standard inhibitor, D‐saccharic acid‐1,4‐lactone (IC 50 =45.75 ± 2.16 μ M).
Physicochemical Characterization of Molecular Assemblies of Miltefosine and Amphotericin B (2006)

This study describes the interactions between two amphiphilic molecules with antileishmanial activity, amphotericin B (AmB) and miltefosine [hexadecylphosphocholine (HePC)], the latter being effective by the oral route. The effect of HePC on the aggregation state of AmB in aqueous solution and the interactions between the two agents were monitored using absorption spectroscopy and circular dichroism. Structural characterization of the mixed aggregates formed in water by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and cryofracture electron microscopy was performed. At concentrations above its critical micelle concentration, HePC was shown to interact with AmB, leading to an increase in the proportion of AmB in its monomeric form as a result of a micellar solubilization mechanism with a capacity of 26 +/- 3 mmol of AmB solubilized/mol of HePC, that is, nearly 40 molecules of HePC per molecule of AmB in the mixed micelles. These were revealed as individual and spherical aggregates close to 10 nm in diameter by both electron microscopy and DLS. Such a micellar formulation provides a new AmB-based system which might be useful in delivering AmB orally for visceral leishmaniasis bitherapy.
A 5-GHz direct-conversion CMOS transceiver utilizing automatic frequency control for the IEEE 802.11a wireless LAN standard (2003)

A fully integrated CMOS direct-conversion 5-GHz transceiver with automatic frequency control is implemented in a 0.18-μm digital CMOS process and housed in an LPCC-48 package. This chip, along with a companion baseband chip, provides a complete 802.11a solution The transceiver consumes 150 mW in receive mode and 380 mW in transmit mode while transmitting +15-dBm output power. The receiver achieves a sensitivity of better than -93.7dBm and -73.9dBm for 6 Mb/s and 54 Mb/s, respectively (even using hard-decision decoding). The transceiver achieves a 4-dB receive noise figure and a +23-dBm transmitter saturated output power. The transmitter also achieves a transmit error vector magnitude of -33 dB. The IC occupies a total die area of 11.7 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and is packaged in a 48-pin LPCC package. The chip passes better than ±2.5-kV ESD performance. Various integrated self-contained or system-level calibration capabilities allow for high performance and high yield.
Radioimmunotherapy Utilizing the Humanized Anti-CD25 Mab Daclizumab Is Highly Effective in Mice Bearing Human Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Xenografts. (2004)

Abstract Objectives: CD25 is overexpressed on the cell surface by a variety of malignant diseases including Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). It is cleaved from the cell surface releasing a soluble ectodomain (sCD25) which may interfere with a radiolabeled MAb’s ability to reach the target cell. Daclizumab (Zenapax®), a humanized IgG1 that binds to the alpha subunit of the human interleukin-2 (IL-2) receptor (CD25, Tac), is FDA-approved for the prophylaxis of renal transplant rejection, as part of an immunosuppressive regimen. We performed biodistribution and γ-imaging studies of 111In-labeled Zenapax and investigated the therapeutic efficacy of the 90Y-labeled version in a human CD25+ human HL xenograft mouse model. Materials &amp; Methods: Zenapax was conjugated to the macrocyclic bifunctional chelate DOTA-NHS active ester. For biodistribution studies athymic nude mice bearing s.c. L540 (human HL line) tumors were injected i.v. with 111In-DOTA-Zenapax or 111In-DOTA-M5A (humanized anti-CEA; 3-5μCi, 2-3μCi/μg) as a control. At various timepoints tumors, blood and major organs were collected, weighed and analyzed for radioactivity. The percent injected dose per gram (%ID/g) was determined. Serum samples were analyzed by HPLC size exclusion chromatography (SEC). For γ-imaging studies L540-tumor-bearing mice received 111In-Zenapax (10.5μCi, 1.8μCi/μg) and serial images were acquired at various timepoints. For the evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, groups of 8 L540 tumor bearing nude mice were injected i.v. with a single dose of 90Y-labeled-Zenapax (0, 40, 60, 80, 100, or 120μCi). Tumor progression was monitored by physical measurements. Results: Maximum tumor accretion for Zenapax was 35 %ID/g at 72h vs. 9 %ID/g for the control MAb. There were no significant differences in normal organ distribution or clearance from the blood between both MAbs. HPLC analysis of serum from Zenapax treated mice showed complexes formation (6–16%; ~210kD), consisting of the MAb and sCD25. γ-imaging studies demonstrated significant tumor retention of 111In-Zenapax. Therapeutic efficacy was dose-dependent with complete tumor regression in all mice receiving 100–120 μCi, as well as 5/8 after 80μCi, and 4/8 after 40–60μCi. No severe toxicities were observed. In animals with regrowth of tumors the average delay was 18, 37, and 41 days for mice treated with 40, 60, and 80μCi, respectively. Untreated mice were sacrificed after 21 days due to excessive tumor progression or tumor ulceration. Conclusions: Radiolabeled Zenapax demonstrated favorable biodistribution properties and excellent tumor localization. It was highly efficacious in the treatment of mice bearing human HL xenografts with complete tumor regression in the two higher dose groups and high response rates at lower doses. In mice with incomplete regression significant delay of tumor progression was observed. 90Y-Zenapax was well tolerated without evidence of toxicity. A clinical therapy trial with 90Y-Zenapax in patients with HL is planned.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Systems Analysis of the NCI-60 Cancer Cell Lines by Alignment of Protein Pathway Activation Modules with “-OMIC” Data Fields and Therapeutic Response Signatures (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 55K, Scatterplots of RPPA measurements for total and phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2 (A), AKT (B) and ERBB3. Normalized relative intensity values for the total protein are plotted along the x-axis and values for the phosphorylated protein along the y-axis. Regression lines and r2 goodness of fit values are also shown.&lt;/p&gt;
Proton MR spectroscopy in hyperhomocysteinemia with elevated blood methionine levels (2006)

Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy imaging (MRSI) and serial MRI were performed on a 10-year-old girl with B6 unresponsive cystathionine B-synthase (CBS) deficiency who developed high methionine levels while on betaine therapy. At presentation, T2-weighted sequences showed diffuse white matter (WM) hyperintensity and sulcal effacement, while MRSI metabolite concentrations were normal. Four months later, after the betaine therapy was discontinued and a methionine-restricted diet with vitamin B6, B12, and folate supplementation was initiated, blood methionine levels and MRI findings returned to normal. Normal MRSI at presentation was predictive of a positive outcome despite the markedly abnormal initial MRI results.
Proceedings of the International Consensus Conference on Immunosuppressive Drugs (1995)

Soldin, Steven J. Ph.D.; Shaw, Leslie M. Ph.D.; Yatscoff, Randall W. Ph.D. Author Information