gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ovicidal activity of crude extracts of few traditional plants against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). (2009)

Cipadessa baccifera Miq., Melia dubia (Cav.) (Meliaceae); Clausena dentata (Rutaceae) and Dodonaea angustifolia (Sapindaceae) are common medicinal plants found in Western Ghats and are used traditionally for various purposes. The petroleum ether, chloroform, hexane, acetone and water extracts of the leaves were investigated for their ovicidal property against Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The different extracts of the test plants differed significantly in their efficacy. Among the four plants tested for ovicidal activity, Clausena dentata reduced the egg hatchability and proved to be highly ovicidal compared to others. Among the age of eggs, it was clear that the early stage of the eggs namely 24 h old eggs, to be highly susceptible to all the treatments.
Two-dimensional transient enhanced diffusion and its impact on bipolar transistors (2002)

The impact of transient-enhanced diffusion (TED) and oxidation-enhanced diffusion (OED) on the device performance of advanced Si devices has long been recognized. The short-channel behaviour of MOSFET's is for instance known to be affected. Experimental studies of TED have almost exclusively been restricted to one-dimensional cases, but a full two-dimensional analysis of TED is mandatory to evaluate its impact on device performance. In this paper we present a detailed experimental study of 2D TED for low-dose and high-dose implantations. Furthermore, for the first time the impact of 2D TED due to the external base implantations on the electrical behaviour of single-poly bipolar transistors in a BiCMOS process has been analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Polygonal shape descriptors-an efficient solution for image retrieval and object localization (2002)

Description and standardization of low-level visual features such as object shapes is essential for interactive multimedia access. This paper discusses a polygon-based shape descriptor providing two functionalities: shape description for image retrieval and shape coding for object localization. The descriptor is optimized in two ways: with respect to retrieval vs. size and with respect to localization error vs. size. While for these functionalities usually two shape descriptors are used, this paper presents an efficient single representation fulfilling both requirements.
Efficient power and data converter circuits for RFID applications (2014)

The basic concept of radio-frequency identification (RFID) as a means of wireless identification of physical objects has existed for over half a century. However, the technology became economically feasible during the mid-90s mainly due to proliferation of low-cost integrated circuits. Since its emergence, RFID technology has gained extensive attraction and has been used in numerous industrial applications. To facilitate widespread deployment, RFID tags as the backbone of such identification systems have to fulfil two general requirements, namely, low power consumption and small form factor. In this thesis, with an emphasis on power and area efficient architectures, efficient data and power converters as the two major building blocks of sensor-enabled RFID tags are investigated. In the context of data conversion, by using two low-power analog buffers instead of the conventional binary weighted capacitive array, a low-power 8-bit successive-approximation register (SAR) analog-to-digital converter (ADC) with an area efficient digital-to-analog converter (DAC) architecture is proposed. Furthermore, time-mode ADC as an alternative area and power-efficient structure is discussed and a highly linear, wide-input-range voltage-to-time converter (VTC) is presented and experimentally evaluated. In the context of efficient power converters, through optimizing the bias voltage of the gate of switching transistors in a conventional differential rectifier, three high-efficiency RF rectifier architectures, namely, gate-boosted, auxiliary-cell biased, and quasi-floating-gate (QFG)-biased rectifiers are proposed. Furthermore, through dynamically adjusting the input capacitance, a dual-band matching approach for RF rectifiers is presented. The proposed QFG-biased rectifier is incorporated and analyzed in a wake-up radio front-end. Also, backscattering method as a power efficient scheme during the transmit mode is studied in the context of biomedical implants. Furthermore, based on the techniques developed for enhancing the efficiency of the rectifier, an ultra-low-power complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor ( CMOS ) voltage-controlled ring oscillator architecture is proposed. The proposed building blocks and systems, namely, ADC, rectifiers, wake-up radio structure, and voltage-controlled ring-oscillator architecture are designed in a 0.13-µm CMOS technology and their performances are verified through post-layout simulation and/or measurement results.
A 6.5 GHz 130 nm single-ended dynamic ALU and instruction-scheduler loop (2003)

32b Han-Carlson ALU and 8-entry /spl times/ 2-ALU instruction scheduler loop for 6.5 GHz single-cycle integer execution at 1.2 V and 25/spl deg/C uses dual-Vt CMOS technology. A single-ended, leakage-tolerant dynamic scheme enables up to 9-wide ORs with 23% critical path speed improvement, 40% active leakage power reduction compared to Koggie-Stone implementation, dense layout occupying 44, 100 /spl mu/m/sup 2/, and performance scalable to 8 GHz at 1.5 V, 25/spl deg/C.
Low-latency TCP/IP stack for data center applications (2016)

TCP/IP is widely used both in the Internet as well as in data centers. The protocol makes very few assumptions about the underlying network and provides useful guarantees such as reliable transmission, in-order delivery, or control flow. The price for this functionality is complexity, latency, and computational overhead, which is especially pronounced in software implementations. While for Internet communication this is acceptable, the overhead is too high in data centers. In this paper, we explore how to optimize a TCP/IP stack running on an FPGA for data center applications with an emphasis on data processing (e.g., key value stores). Using a key-value store and a low-latency consensus protocol implemented on an FPGA as an example of the requirements that arise in data centers, we provide an extensive analysis of the overheads of TCP/IP and the solutions that can be adopted to minimize such an overhead. The proposed optimized TCP/IP stack minimizes tail latencies (a key metric in distributed data processing) and is efficiently implemented so as to be able to share the FPGA with application logic.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed C—H Borylation of Cyclopropanes. (2013)

Abstract An iridium‐catalyzed regio‐ and diastereoselective borylation of cyclopropanes is described.
Successful Autologous Cord Blood Transplantation in a Child with Acquired Severe Aplastic Anemia (2013)

Neulasta 12 mg. Absolute pre CD34 count was performed on peripheral blood upon recovery of neutrophils. If peripheral blood CD34 count was below 10/microL, Plerixafor 0.24 mg/ kg/day with or without Neupogen 10mcg/kg/day was added. Absolute pre CD34 values prior to Plerixafor ranged from 0e6. Pre CD34 values after Plerixafor ranged from 6 -303. Target CD34 yield per kg for NHL/HL patients was 2-5 X 10 6 . Target CD34 yield per kg for MM patients was 5-10 X 10 6 . Following this intervention 11 patients were able to successfully complete stem cell mobilization and achieve target yields. 2 MM patients did not meet the collection goal for 2 transplants but did have sufficient yield for one. Median total CD34 yield per kg was 6.9 X 10 6 . Mean total CD34 yield for NHL/HL pts was 6.17 X 10 6 per kg. Mean total CD34 yield for MM pts was 10.59 X 10 6 per kg. Mean total MNC yield was 14.23 X 10 8 per kg for NHL/HL pts. Mean total MNC yield was 8.71 X 10 8 per kg for MM pts. Average time for neutrophil engraftment was 11.46 days. Average time for platelet engraftment was 19.91 days. There were no major complications associated with the above combination and no unanticipated side effects. Combination of Plerixafor and Filgrastim can be safely and successfully administered to patients with inadequate peripheral blood pre-CD34 counts following chemotherapy based mobilization regimens. This will prevent delay in the transplantation process.
A Novel Actuated Using (2004)

In the world of search and rescue robotics, partic- ularly for search, smaller is better. SmaU robots can get into tighter places and are more maneuverable. With diminishing size, however, providing adequate power and communications becomes a problem. Communication is problematic il the search site is a collapsed building were transmitted signals have to travel through layers of concrete and steel. Tethers are good for providing power and communication, but tethers get caught and small robots have difficulty with the added drag of the tether. This work proposes a self-actuating tether capable of moving its own weight and remaining free while traversing around corners. Tether motion is due to induced high pressure water transients formed by rapidly arresting flow through the tether. A number of tests performed on a constructed tether pmtotype are presented. A simplified model of the. water transients to better understand design parameters is outlined and simulated, and force measurements are collected to validate the simulation results.
Improving Characterization of Understudied Human Microbiomes Using Targeted Phylogenetics (2020)

Whole-genome bacterial sequences are required to better understand microbial functions, niche-specific bacterial metabolism, and disease states. Although genomic sequences are available for many of the human-associated bacteria from commonly tested body habitats (e.g., feces), as few as 13% of bacterium-derived reads from other sites such as the skin map to known bacterial genomes. To facilitate a better characterization of metagenomic shotgun reads from underrepresented body sites, we collected over 10,000 bacterial isolates originating from 14 human body habitats, identified novel taxonomic groups based on full-length 16S rRNA gene sequences, clustered the sequences to ensure that no individual taxonomic group was overselected for sequencing, prioritized bacteria from underrepresented body sites (such as skin and respiratory and urinary tracts), and sequenced and assembled genomes for 665 new bacterial strains. Here, we show that addition of these genomes improved read mapping rates of Human Microbiome Project (HMP) metagenomic samples by nearly 30% for the previously underrepresented phylum <i>Fusobacteria</i>, and 27.5% of the novel genomes generated here had high representation in at least one of the tested HMP samples, compared to 12.5% of the sequences in the public databases, indicating an enrichment of useful novel genomic sequences resulting from the prioritization procedure. As our understanding of the human microbiome continues to improve and to enter the realm of therapy developments, targeted approaches such as this to improve genomic databases will increase in importance from both an academic and a clinical perspective.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The human microbiome plays a critically important role in health and disease, but current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interactions between the varying microbiome and the different host environments is lacking. Having access to a database of fully sequenced bacterial genomes provides invaluable insights into microbial functions, but currently sequenced genomes for the human microbiome have largely come from a limited number of body sites (primarily feces), while other sites such as the skin, respiratory tract, and urinary tract are underrepresented, resulting in as little as 13% of bacterium-derived reads mapping to known bacterial genomes. Here, we sequenced and assembled 665 new bacterial genomes, prioritized from a larger database to select underrepresented body sites and bacterial taxa in the existing databases. As a result, we substantially improve mapping rates for samples from the Human Microbiome Project and provide an important contribution to human bacterial genomic databases for future studies.
P3‐423: Liraglutide, a novel drug to treat type 2 diabetes, prevents the impairment of learning and hippocampal synaptic plasticity in an APP/PS‐1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2010)

Recent research has shown that type 2 diabetes is a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. In type 2 diabetes, insulin signalling is impaired. The incretin hormone Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) facilitates insulin signaling, and novel long-lasting analogues such as liraglutide (Victoza®) are on the market as treatment for diabetes. GLP-1 also has neuroprotective properties and acts as a growth factor in the brain. We have previously shown that liraglutide crosses the blood-brain barrier and increases synaptic plasticity (LTP) in the hippocampus. We tested Liraglutide in an Alzheimer mouse model (APP/PS1 DeltaE9) in chronic ip. injection to test whether memory impairments and the reduction of LTP in the hippocampus in this AD model can be prevented. Plaques formation and stem cell activation in the brain was also analysed. Liraglutide was injected for 4 weeks at 200μg/kg bw ip .once daily in wild type or APP/PS1 mice. Learning ability of animals was analysed in an object recognition task and a water maze task. Evoked fEPSPs were recorded in vivo in the hippocampus area CA1. LTP was induced by standard HFS protocols. A wild-type group was also injected with the GLP-1 antagonist exendin(9-36) at 25nmol/kg ip. once daily. Histology was performed to analyse plaque load in the tg mice, and the activation of neuronal progenitor cells in wt mice brains (BrdU stain). Data were analysed by 2-way or 1-way ANOVA with post-hoc tests. Liraglutide prevented the age-dependent impairment of APP/PS1 mice in spatial learning in the water maze task (p < 0.001). Furthermore, age-dependent decay of LTP in the hippocampus was rescued by the drug (p < 0001). In wild type mice, exendin(9-36) impaired learning an object recognition task (p < 0.01) and a water maze task (p < 0.01). LTP was enhanced by liraglutide (p < 0.001) and impaired by exendin(9-36) (p < 0.01). Neuronal progenitor cells count in the dentate gyrus was greatly increased by liraglutide (p < 0.01) and reduced by exendin(9-36) (p < 0.005). The plaque analysis is currently ongoing. The results show that liraglutide has neuroprotective properties even when injected peripherally. Liraglutide is currently prescribed to diabetics, and our results suggests that it might also be effective in preventing neurodegenerative processes observed in Alzheimer's disease.
Dynamometer Development Results for a Stratified-Charge DISI Combustion System (2002)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This report describes the dynamometer testing portion of the combustion system development of a direct-injection stratified-charge gasoline engine. The engine used in this study is a single-cylinder, direct-injection engine with a newly designed cylinder head comprised of 4-valves per cylinder, an intake-side-mounted DI fuel injector and a bowl-in-piston wall-guided stratified-charge combustion system. Test results detailed in this report include evaluation of four piston designs, two combustion chamber designs, and two injector spray angles. Tests were run at stratified-charge part-load, homogeneous-charge part-load, and WOT conditions. The program had aggressive goals in improving both WOT performance and part-load fuel economy while achieving Stage IV emission requirements. Tests results showed that the engine was able to meet these program goals.&lt;/div&gt;
Effect of Work Material’s Hardness on Cutting Performance of TiAlN- and CrAlN-Coated Cutting Tools (2015)

For better selection of coated cutting tools, TiAlN (Ti 50 Al 50 N) and CrAlN (Cr 50 Al 50 N) coatings were deposited onto ball-nose and square end mills using arc evaporation, and their cutting performances were evaluated using steel workpieces of various hardnesses. In particular, cutting tests were performed on three types of workpieces, made from S50C, SKD61, and SKD11 steels, having Brinell hardness numbers of HB220, HRC40, and HRC60, respectively. The results of the cutting experiments were elucidated and discussed in terms of the mechanical properties and anti-oxidation resistances of the different coatings. The results revealed that TiAlN-coated square end mills at high cutting speeds (V = 200 m/min ) had superior performance when used on steels with high hardness (SKD11), whereas CrAlN-coated ball-nose end mills were superior when used on low hardness steel (S50C). Therefore, CrAlN-coated ball-nose end mills are concluded to be suitable for the machining of low hardness steels, whereas TiAlN-coated square end mills are preferable for the machining of high hardness steels (SKD11).
Deep-Reinforcement Learning Multiple Access for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2018)

This paper investigates the use of deep reinforcement learning (DRL) in the design of a "universal" MAC protocol referred to as Deep-reinforcement Learning Multiple Access (DLMA). The design framework is partially inspired by the vision of DARPA SC2, a 3-year competition whereby competitors are to come up with a clean-slate design that "best share spectrum with any network(s), in any environment, without prior knowledge, leveraging on machine-learning technique". While the scope of DARPA SC2 is broad and involves the redesign of PHY, MAC, and Network layers, this paper's focus is narrower and only involves the MAC design. In particular, we consider the problem of sharing time slots among a multiple of time-slotted networks that adopt different MAC protocols. One of the MAC protocols is DLMA. The other two are TDMA and ALOHA. The DRL agents of DLMA do not know that the other two MAC protocols are TDMA and ALOHA. Yet, by a series of observations of the environment, its own actions, and the rewards - in accordance with the DRL algorithmic framework - a DRL agent can learn the optimal MAC strategy for harmonious co-existence with TDMA and ALOHA nodes. In particular, the use of neural networks in DRL (as opposed to traditional reinforcement learning) allows for fast convergence to optimal solutions and robustness against perturbation in hyper- parameter settings, two essential properties for practical deployment of DLMA in real wireless networks.
Observation of the $B_s^0 \rightarrow D^{\ast \pm} D^{\mp}$ decay (2021)

A search for the $B^0_s \\!\\rightarrow D^{*\\pm} D^\\mp$ decay is performed using proton-proton collision data at centre-of-mass energies of $7$, $8$ and $13\\,\\text{TeV}$ collected by the LHCb experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9\\,\\text{fb}^{-1}$. The decay is observed with a high significance and its branching fraction relative to the $B^0 \\!\\rightarrow D^{*\\pm} D^\\mp$ decay is measured to be \\begin{align*} \\frac{\\mathcal{B}(B_s^0 \\rightarrow D^{\\ast \\pm} D^{\\mp}) }{\\mathcal{B}(B^0 \\rightarrow D^{\\ast \\pm} D^{\\mp}) } = 0.137 \\pm 0.017 \\pm 0.002 \\pm 0.006 \\,, \\end{align*} where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second systematic and the third is due to the uncertainty on the ratio of the $B_s^0$ and $B^0$ hadronisation fractions.
Conjugate Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow Modeling for Liquid Microjet Impingement Cooling with Alternating Feeding and Draining Channels (2019)

Liquid microjet impingement cooling has shown the potential to be the solution for heat removal from electronic devices such as very-large-scale integration (VLSI) chips. The post-impingement dynamics of the jet, specifically the interaction between the liquid fronts on the surface engendered by the jets is a critical criterion improving the heat transfer characteristics. While some seminally important experimental studies have investigated this attribute, the amount of accurate data and analysis is limited by the shortcomings of real-life experiments. In this article, numerical investigations into the fluid dynamics and heat transfer in microjet cooling systems are carried out. Specifically, this paper addresses the question regarding the necessary fidelity of the simulations. Different Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) models are compared to the Large Eddy Simulations (LES) simulation and the potential fidelity of different eddy-viscosity-based closures is clearly shown. Recommendations are made regarding the RANS closures that should give the best performance. It is demonstrated that the transition Shear Stress Transport (SST) model and k - ω SST model both show excellent ability to predict the local or average Nu, and also local level pressure coefficient f with less than 5% difference in the range of 30 &lt; Red &lt; 4000, compared with the reference LES model. For the experimental measurements in the range of 130 &lt; Red &lt; 1400, the LES model, transition SST model and k - ω SST model all show less than 25% prediction error. Moreover, it is shown that the validity of the unit cell assumption for the temperature and flow distribution depends on the flow rate.
The Effects of Consuming <b><i>Cannabis</i></b> Flower for Treatment of Fatigue (2022)

The findings suggest that the majority of patients experience decreased fatigue from consumption of <i>Cannabis</i> flower consumed in vivo, although the magnitude of the effect and extent of side effects experienced likely vary with individuals' metabolic states and the synergistic chemotypic properties of the plant.
Investigating Cu(0)‐Mediated Polymerizations: New Kinetic Insights Based on a Comparison of Kinetic Modeling with Experimental Data (2012)

Abstract A kinetic model is developed mimicking experimental results obtained via detailed kinetic investigation of Cu 0 ‐mediated LRP processes of butyl acrylate in variable solvents at 50 °C. In all polymerizations, a pronounced offset in the $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ versus conversion profile is observed. The kinetic modeling predicts that conventional FRP is responsible for a high molecular weight fraction of terminated polymer. The initial $\overline {M} _{{\rm n}} $ offset is congruent with a relatively slow establishment of the controlling equilibrium. Kinetic modeling and experiments demonstrate that the conversion versus time data cannot be adequately described by a first‐order kinetic analysis. For selected rate coefficients ( k a , k d , and k dis_cu ) a range is assigned, which affords a well controlled polymerization. magnified image
Microtexture of magnetite thin films of (001) and (111) orientations on MgO substrates studied by electron-backscatter diffraction (2008)

The grain orientation of (001)- and (111)-oriented magnetite thin films grown on MgO substrates (film thickness of 100–400nm) is analyzed by means of the electron-backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique. The (001) surface after a short annealing in air (1min, 250°C) is characterized by the presence of tiny (diameter of 100–200nm) misoriented islands, which have an influence on the antiferromagnetic coupling within the film. In the (111)-oriented films, such defects are found to be absent, and the films show a very homogeneous surface. The achieved spatial resolution enables further a cross-section analysis of a 400-nm-thick film with (001) orientation, even close to the interface MgO-magnetite.