gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ammonia: It's Transformation and Effective Utilization (2008)

In practical use, ammonia (NH3) can be burned directly in internal combustion (IC), diesel or Stirling engines. However, because NH3 has such a low flame temperature and is hard to ignite, it has generally not been widely used in these applications. Because NH3 can be easily reformed into hydrogen (H2), and as part of the effort to examine the benefits of ammonia for terrestrial applications, we develop processes for catalytic reformation of NH3 and utilize microfibrous materials to encapsulate reforming catalyst. After demonstrating reformation of NH3 studies were conducted on the stability and feasibility of burning NH3 by itself and burning NH3 with synthetic reformate. Favorable conditions for flame stability of combustion of hydrogen reformed from ammonia through this catalyst-impregnated microfibrous porous media were obtained and the results are presented. Initial findings demonstrated stable catalytic combustion and flame temperatures of 940oC were obtained.
Towards flexible sheet cameras: Deformable lens arrays with intrinsic optical adaptation (2016)

We propose a framework for developing a new class of imaging systems that are thin and flexible. Such an imaging sheet can be flexed at will and wrapped around everyday objects to capture unconventional fields of view. Our approach is to use a lens array attached to a sheet with a 2D grid of pixels. A major challenge with this type of a system is that its sampling of the scene varies with the curvature of the sheet. To avoid undesirable aliasing effects due to under-sampling in high curvature regions of the sheet, we design a deformable lens array with adaptive optical properties. We show that the material and geometric properties of the lens array can be optimized so that the object-side point spread function corresponding to each pixel widens with the curvature of the sheet at that pixel. This intrinsic adaptation of focal length is passive (without the use of actuators or other control mechanisms), and enables a sheet camera to capture images without aliasing, irrespective of its shape. We have designed a 33×33 lens array, fabricated it using silicone rubber, and conducted several experiments to verify its optical adaptation characteristics. We conclude with a discussion on the advantages of our proposed approach as well as future work.
Early impairments of visually-driven neuronal ensemble dynamics in the rTg4510 tauopathy mouse model (2023)

Tau protein pathology is a hallmark of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease or frontotemporal dementia. Synaptic dysfunction and abnormal visual evoked potentials have been reported in murine models of tauopathy, but little is known about the state of the network activity on a single neuronal level prior to brain atrophy. In the present study, oscillatory rhythms and single-cell calcium activity of primary visual cortex pyramidal neuron population were investigated in basal and light evoked states in the rTg4510 tauopathy mouse model prior to neurodegeneration. We found a decrease in their responsivity and overall activity which was insensitive to GABAergic modulation. Despite an enhancement of basal state coactivation of cortical pyramidal neurons, a loss of input-output synchronicity was observed. Dysfunction of cortical pyramidal function was also reflected in a reduction of basal theta oscillations and enhanced susceptibility to a sub-convulsive dose of pentylenetetrazol in rTg4510 mice. Our results unveil impairments in visual cortical pyramidal neuron processing and define aberrant oscillations as biomarker candidates in early stages of neurodegenerative tauopathies.
Detecting the onset of hyper-reflexive bladder contractions from the electrical activity of the pudendal nerve (2005)

Individuals with a spinal cord injury or neurological disorders may develop involuntary bladder contractions at low volumes (bladder hyper-reflexia), which can lead to significant health problems. Present devices can inhibit unwanted contractions through continuous stimulation, but do not enable conditional stimulation only at the onset of bladder contractions. The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between the electrical activity of the pudendal nerve trunk (PNT) and bladder pressure during hyper-reflexive bladder contractions and to determine whether PNT activity could be used to detect the contractions. Bladder pressure and PNT electroneurogram (ENG) were recorded in eight adult male cats. The PNT ENG activity increased at the onset of a bladder contraction and the activity during bladder contractions was greater than during the intercontraction interval (p < 0.001). Three algorithms were developed to detect the onset of a bladder contraction from the PNT ENG activity. A cumulative sum (CUSUM) algorithm performed better than either a constant threshold or a dynamic threshold algorithm, and enabled detection of reflex bladder contractions from the PNT ENG an average of 1.2 s after the contraction started with an average increase in pressure 7.1 cm H2 x O when evaluated on data not used to set detection parameters. These data demonstrated that recordings from the PNT could be used to detect hyper-reflexive bladder contractions and provide a signal to control closed-loop inhibitory stimulation.
K21‐Antigen: A Molecule Shared by the Microenvironments of the Human Thymus and Germinal Centers (1997)

The mouse IgG1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) K21 recognizes a 230-kD molecule (K21-Ag) on Hassall's corpuscles in the human thymus. This mAb also stains cultured thymic epithelial cells as well as other epithelial cell lines, revealing a predominant intracellular localization. Further analysis with mAb K21 on other lymphoid tissues showed that it also stains cells within the germinal centers of human tonsils, both lymphoid (B) cells and some with the appearance of follicular dendritic cells. Double immunostaining of tonsil sections shows that K21-Ag is not expressed by T cells, whereas staining with anti-CD22 and -CD23 mAb revealed some double-positive cells. A subpopulation of the lymphoid cells express the K21-Ag much more strongly. This K21++/CD23++ subpopulation of cells is localized in the apical light zone of germinal centers, suggesting that K21-Ag may be an important marker for the selected centrocytes within germinal centers and may play a role in B-cell selection and/or development of B-cell memory. Flow cytometric analysis showed that K21-Ag is expressed on the surface of a very low percentage of thymocytes, tonsillar lymphocytes, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Analysis of purified/separated tonsillar T and B lymphocytes showed that T cells do not express the K21-Ag; in contrast, B cells express low levels of the K21-Ag, and this together with CD23 is upregulated after mitogenic stimulation. Our data therefore raise the possibility that the K21-Ag may play a role in B-lymphocyte activation/selection.
Erratum: “Green fluorescent organic light-emitting device with external quantum efficiency of nearly 10%” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 89, 063504 (2006)] (2006)

First Page
Crystal Form of Phosphoric-Acid-Doped Triglycine Sulfate (1996)

Single crystals of phosphoric-acid-doped triglycine sulfate (TGSP) were grown from aqueous solutions with various concentrations of H 3 PO 4 in the ferroelectric phase. The development of crystal faces is gradually modified as the concentration of H 3 PO 4 in the solution becomes higher. In particular, the {010} faces become more conspicuous with greater doping. A high number of H 3 PO 4 molecules are incorporated into the {010} growth sectors. The general crystal form shows the nonpolar 2/m symmetry similar to that of pure TGS, due to its multidomain structure.
Optical Kerr effect in a direction-switched fiber laser gyroscope (1999)

The operation of a direction-switched mode-locked fiber laser gyroscope is described. We observed a large bias in the beat frequency output, and found that it was caused by the optical Kerr effect when the two counterpropagating pulses in the laser cavity have different optical powers. The beat frequency bias was 65 Hz per 1 mW of power difference when the scale factor of the gyroscope was 0.43 kHz/(/spl deg//s). We found that a small amount of backscattering in the laser cavity could result in random fluctuations in the beat frequency. It is shown that the random frequency noise can be suppressed efficiently by applying push-pull phase modulation in the laser cavity.
Rough seas and statistical deconvolution (2006)

ABSTRACT The rough‐sea reflection‐response varies (1) along the streamer (2) from shot to shot and (3) with time along the seismic trace. The resulting error in seismic data can be important for time‐lapse imaging. One potential way of reducing the rough‐sea receiver error is to use conventional statistical deconvolution, but special care is needed in the choice of the design and application windows. The well‐known deconvolution problem associated with the non‐whiteness of the reflection series is exacerbated by the requirement of an unusually short design window – a requirement that is imposed by the non‐stationary nature of the rough‐sea receiver wavelet. For a synthetic rough‐sea data set, with a white 1D reflection series, the design window needs to be about 1000 ms long, with an application window about 400 ms long, centred within the design window. Although such a short design window allows the deconvolution operator to follow the time‐variation of the rough‐sea wavelet, it is likely to be too short to prevent the non‐whiteness of the geology from corrupting the operator when it is used on real data. If finely spatial‐sampled traces are available from the streamer, the design window can be extended to neighbouring traces, making use of the spatial correlations of the rough‐sea wavelet. For this ‘wave‐following’ approach to be fruitful, the wind (and hence the dominant wave direction) needs to be roughly along the line of the streamer.
Robust Multi-View 2-D/3-D Registration Using Point-To-Plane Correspondence Model (2019)

In minimally invasive procedures, the clinician relies on image guidance to observe and navigate the operation site. In order to show structures which are not visible in the live X-ray images, such as vessels or planning annotations, X-ray images can be augmented with pre-operatively acquired images. Accurate image alignment is needed and can be provided by 2-D/3-D registration. In this paper, a multi-view registration method based on the point-to-plane correspondence model is proposed. The correspondence model is extended to be independent of the used camera coordinates and different multi-view registration schemes are introduced and compared. Evaluation is performed for a wide range of clinically relevant registration scenarios. We show for different applications that registration using correspondences from both views simultaneously provides accurate and robust registration, while the performance of the other schemes varies considerably. Our method also outperforms the state-of-the-art method for cerebral angiography registration, achieving a capture range of 18 mm and an accuracy of 0.22±0.07 mm. Furthermore, investigations on the minimum angle between the views are performed in order to provide accurate and robust registration, while minimizing the obstruction to the clinical workflow. We show that small angles around 30° are sufficient to provide reliable registration results.
TLS 1.3 Impact on Network-Based Security (2019)

Network-based security solutions are used by enterprises, public
sector, and cloud service providers today in order to both complement
and enhance host-based security solutions. TLS 1.3 introduces several
changes to TLS 1.2 with a goal to improve the overall security and
privacy provided by TLS. However some of these changes have a negative
impact on network-based security solutions and deployments that adopt
a multi-layered approach to security. While this may be viewed as a
feature, there are several real-life use case scenarios where the same
functionality and security can not be offered without such network-
based security solutions. In this document, we identify the TLS 1.3
changes that may impact such use cases.
Designing the Air–Ground Data Links for Future Air Traffic Control Communications (2018)

The future air traffic management in Europe and the USA is being defined by the SESAR and NextGen programs, respectively. In the mid-2020s, air-ground air traffic control communications will be primarily data-centric as opposed to current voice-centric communications. The International Civilian Aviation Organization has proposed the required communication performance (RCP) metric to define the requirements to support the new data communication services. In this paper, we propose a model to calculate the expected performance using the RCP metric based on the air-ground data link characteristics. Then, we present the results of using the model to obtain the characteristics that an air-ground data link must have to support the future ATC communication requirements proposed by Eurocontrol and the Federal Aviation Administration.
Simulation and Development of Biomimetic Electrospun PCL Nanofibrous Tympanic Membrane Implants (2021)

Abstract Electrospun membranes have a great potential in myringoplasty, as the special microstructure of fibers could be comparable to the fiber structure of the tympanic membrane (TM), thus, making it an potential implant for tympanic membrane reconstruction. In this work, the microscale parameters of the fiber structure were studied in a numerical homogenization procedure. The aim of the investigations was to obtain an implant that has a compromise between acoustic and mechanical properties and which at macroscale is comparable with the human TM. The numerical results were verified with experiments on first samples.
Force history dependence of reverse-rates of P-selectin interacting with PSGL-1 (2003)

The rates of dissociation of P-selectin bonded with two forms of PSGL-1 and an antibody were characterized using an atomic force microscope. The reverse-rates were shown to depend not only on force but also on the history of force application.
Sum-Rate Maximization for Linearly Precoded Downlink Multiuser MISO Systems With Partial CSIT: A Rate-Splitting Approach (2016)

This paper considers the sum-rate (SR) maximization problem in downlink multi-user multiple input simgle output (MU-MISO) systems under imperfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). Contrary to existing works, we consider a rather unorthodox transmission scheme. In particular, the message intended to one of the users is split into two parts: a common part which can be recovered by all users, and a private part recovered by the corresponding user. On the other hand, the rest of users receive their information through private messages. This rate-splitting (RS) approach was shown to boost the achievable degrees of freedom when CSIT errors decay with increased SNR. In this paper, the RS strategy is married with linear precoder design and optimization techniques to achieve a maximized ergodic SR (ESR) performance over the entire range of SNRs. Precoders are designed based on partial CSIT knowledge by solving a stochastic rate optimization problem using means of sample average approximation coupled with the weighted minimum mean square error approach. Numerical results show that in addition to the ESR gains, the benefits of RS also include relaxed CSIT quality requirements and enhanced achievable rate regions compared with conventional transmission with no rate-splitting.
Hydroxytyrosol inhibits hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptotic signaling via labile iron chelation (2016)

Although it is known that Mediterranean diet plays an important role in maintaining human health, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. The aim of this investigation was to elucidate the potential role of ortho-dihydroxy group containing natural compounds in H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. For this purpose, the main phenolic alcohols of olive oil, namely hydroxytyrosol and tyrosol, were examined for their ability to protect cultured cells under conditions of oxidative stress. A strong correlation was observed between the ability of hydroxytyrosol to mitigate intracellular labile iron level and the protection offered against H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced DNA damage and apoptosis. On the other hand, tyrosol, which lacks the ortho-dihydroxy group, was ineffective. Moreover, hydroxytyrosol (but not tyrosol), was able to diminish the late sustained phase of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced JNK and p38 phosphorylation. The derangement of intracellular iron homeostasis, following exposure of cells to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>, played pivotal role both in the induction of DNA damage and the initiation of apoptotic signaling. The presented results suggest that the protective effects exerted by ortho-dihydroxy group containing dietary compounds against oxidative stress-induced cell damage are linked to their ability to influence changes in the intracellular labile iron homeostasis.
Enabling remote controlled road surface networks for enhanced ITS (2011)

Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) will, in the future, play a key role to improve transportation efficiency and safety. However, cost-benefit of deploying traditional ITS is retarded by expensive equipment, infrastructure, installation and maintenance. The demo presents a replica of a real world experimental ITS application using recently proposed Road Surface Network architecture. The demonstrated "intelligent roundabout'' application is intended to warn and inform drivers about an upcoming roundabout and to prevent driving straight into collision. We show a lab prototype system consisting of: an authentic sensor node platform enabled for car detection, secure multihop communications and the running light application, a base station with system control center.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Styrenes Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Continuous photoautotrophic cultures of the eukaryotic alga chlorella vulgaris can exhibit stable oscillatory dynamics (1992)

Sustained oscillations in cell concentration, average per cell DNA content, and average cell size were found in continuous photoautotrophic cultures of Chlorella vulgaris at low dilution rates (0.1/day). The period of oscillation was approximately 10 days. DNA histograms determined by flow cytometry exhibited reproducible pattern through consecutive oscillations. At the maximum cell concentration during an oscillation, the DNA histograms showed that the majority of the cells were not replicating their chromosomes, and most of the culture was comprised of single cells in G0/G1 phase. The cells then initiated DNA replication; however, because of the long generation time, the cell concentration decreased to a minimum, and at the same time the average per cell DNA content reached its maximum value. At this point the cells began to divide, and the cell concentration increased until it reached its maximum value at the beginning of the next oscillation. Calculations based on the supplied nutrients and comparison to biomass generation showed that the oscillatory behavior in continuous photoautotrophic cultures of C. vulgaris was not due to nutrient limitation, but most likely was due to the secretion of compounds that alter cell cycle kinetics. The oscillatory behavior disappeared when the dilution rate was increased to 0.3/day and the culture reached a stable steady state.
NIMG-55. PITUITARY ADENOMAS TREATED WITH FRACTIONATED RADIOTHERAPY: A VOLUMETRIC MRI ANALYSIS (2017)

Treatment refractory and recurrent pituitary adenomas often require radiation therapy or stereotactic radiosurgery. Long term control with radiation treatment is well known, but the pattern of volume response after radiation has not been characterized in detail. We sought to characterize tumor response to radiation therapy in order to improve clinical decision-making. Patients with biopsy-proven pituitary adenomas were identified from pathology diagnoses at one institution between 2004 and 2014. Inclusion criteria were patients who had received radiation therapy for a pituitary adenoma, who had been followed for a minimum of 3 or more MRI scans, and were over 18 years in age. T1-weighted 3-plane post-contrast MR images were used; tumor dimensions were measured with orthogonal diameters and volumes using the ABC/2 method (simplified ellipsoid volume). In this series, all patients were treated with fractionated radiation therapy. Sixty-one MRI scans for 7 males (44%) and 9 females (66%) were evaluated. Tumor diameters ranged from 0.7cm to 4.22cm. Tumor volumes ranged from 0.12cc to 26.8cc. The median and mean volumes were 3.08cc and 5.25cc, respectively. Follow-up ranged from 8 to 70 months, with a median follow-up of 23 months. Among the 16 tumors that were followed, volumetric analysis showed slopes ranging from -1.75 mm/year to +5.46 mm/year, with a median slope of -0.29 mm/year. 3 tumors showed positives slopes after radiation treatment (18%). Overall survival of this cohort of patients was 100%. Treatment was well tolerated with minimal toxicity. Analysis of scans showed that the majority of tumors respond to fractionated radiation treatment, and our study concludes that this treatment is effective for pituitary adenomas. Future analysis will focus on accurately modeling and predicting tumor volume decay following radiation therapy to aid in clinical decision-making.
Formation of Large Scaffold-Free 3-D Aggregates in a Cell Culture Dish by Ultrasound Standing Wave Trapping (2019)

Cellular aggregates that mimic cell-cell interactions in vitro are essential for biological research. This study introduces a method to form large scaffold-free 3-D aggregates in a clinically ubiquitous cell culture dish using kilohertz-order ultrasound standing wave trapping (USWT). We fabricated an aggregate formation system in which a 60-mm dish was set above a Langevin transducer via water. The transducer was excited at 110.8 kHz, and then C2C12 myoblasts were injected into the dish and trapped at the node position of the standing wave. The diameter and thickness of the formed aggregate were 8 and 2.7 mm, respectively, which are larger than those of aggregates formed previously by USWT. Moreover, we confirmed that >94% of cells constituting the aggregates survived 9 h, and the protein expression of cells was not altered significantly. This method can be applied to form aggregates with high functionality, which contributes to the development of biological research methodology.
Design and Optimization Of A Two-Element Huygens Source Based Superdirective Array (2018)

It is well known from previous works, that a maximum directivity close to P
 2
 + 2P could be obtained when P Huygens sources are used to implement compact end-fire arrays with reduced inter-element distance (e.g. < 0.3λ). This result has been theoretically demonstrated with infinitesimal Huygens sources, but practical antenna architectures are not yet presented. In this paper, a method to design Huygens source based superdirective arrays is numerically demonstrated through full-wave electromagnetic simulations considering a two-element array with an inter-element distance equal to 0.2λ and kro = 133 (where r
 0 indicates the radius of the minimum sphere enclosing the antenna). The strong mutual coupling between the array elements is taken into account in the optimization procedure based on spherical wave expansion. End-fire directivity and gain equal to 8.7 and 7.8 dBi have been respectively obtained. These results have also been compared to the case of the two-element arrays based on magnetic and electrical dipoles.