gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ion mobility spectrometry–mass spectrometry (IMS–MS) for on- and offline analysis of atmospheric gas and aerosol species (2020)

Measurement techniques that provide molecular-level information are needed to elucidate the multiphase processes that produce secondary organic aerosol (SOA) species in the atmosphere. Here we demonstrate the application of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry (IMS–MS) to the simultaneous characterization of the elemental composition and molecular structures of organic species in the gas and particulate phases. Molecular ions of gas-phase organic species are measured online with IMS–MS after ionization with a custom-built nitrate chemical ionization (CI) source. This CI–IMS–MS technique is used to obtain time-resolved measurements (5 min) of highly oxidized organic molecules during the 2013 Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS) ambient field campaign in the forested SE US. The ambient IMS–MS signals are consistent with laboratory IMS–MS spectra obtained from single-component carboxylic acids and multicomponent mixtures of isoprene and monoterpene oxidation products. Mass-mobility correlations in the 2-D IMS–MS space provide a means of identifying ions with similar molecular structures within complex mass spectra and are used to separate and identify monoterpene oxidation products in the ambient data that are produced from different chemical pathways. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) constituents of fine aerosol particles that are not resolvable with standard analytical separation methods, such as liquid chromatography (LC), are shown to be separable with IMS–MS coupled to an electrospray ionization (ESI) source. The capability to use ion mobility to differentiate between isomers is demonstrated for organosulfates derived from the reactive uptake of isomers of isoprene epoxydiols (IEPOX) onto wet acidic sulfate aerosol. Controlled fragmentation of precursor ions by collisionally induced dissociation (CID) in the transfer region between the IMS and the MS is used to validate MS peak assignments, elucidate structures of oligomers, and confirm the presence of the organosulfate functional group.
From Stochastic Grammar to Bayes Network: Probabilistic Parsing of Complex Activity (2014)

We propose a probabilistic method for parsing a temporal sequence such as a complex activity defined as composition of sub-activities/actions. The temporal structure of the high-level activity is represented by a string-length limited stochastic context-free grammar. Given the grammar, a Bayes network, which we term Sequential Interval Network (SIN), is generated where the variable nodes correspond to the start and end times of component actions. The network integrates information about the duration of each primitive action, visual detection results for each primitive action, and the activity's temporal structure. At any moment in time during the activity, message passing is used to perform exact inference yielding the posterior probabilities of the start and end times for each different activity/action. We provide demonstrations of this framework being applied to vision tasks such as action prediction, classification of the high-level activities or temporal segmentation of a test sequence, the method is also applicable in Human Robot Interaction domain where continual prediction of human action is needed.
ChemInform Abstract: A Synthesis of Mycalamide B. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Grinding techniques for fabricating micro-lens array mold made of cemented carbide (Polycrystalline diamond tools and mold surface roughness) (2021)

A grinding technique was developed to fabricate a micro-lens array (MLA) mold made of cemented carbide with a diameter of 30 μm, a pitch of 35 μm, a diameter expansion rate of 0%, a surface roughness of less than 10 nmRz and 1027 lenses. Grinding tools made of polycrystalline diamond (PCD) and nano-polycrystalline diamond (NPD) with a tip radius of 0.1 mm and formed by laser machining and wet lapping were employed. Grinding was performed by transferring the hemispherical tool profile to the cemented carbide with a hardness of 2650 Hv. When NPD was employed, the tips of diamond particles, which were not aligned in height on the working surface, were worn down and the particles of the lower layer were exposed. A huge number of diamond particles with a size of 50 nm were engaged in the grinding operation. This phenomenon made it possible to fabricate lenses with a surface roughness of less than 10 nmRz and a diameter expansion rate of 2%. In contrast to NPD, removed chips contributed to dressing the working surface of PCD. The sharp cutting edge newly exposed on the working surface caused a negative effect on creating a fine surface and contributed to increasing the actual depth of cut. Accordingly, the formable surface roughness and diameter expansion rate were 15 nmRz and 3%, respectively.
Treatment of Metastatic Melanoma Using Interleukin-2 Alone or in Conjunction with Vaccines (2008)

IL-2 can produce a modest response rate in patients with metastatic melanoma including patients with durable complete responses. S.c. or cutaneous disease only and vaccination with gp100:209-217(210M) peptide was associated with significant increase in response rates.
Thiazolo[5,4‐f]quinoxalines, Oxazolo[5,4‐f]quinoxalines and Pyrazino[b,e]isatins: Synthesis from 6‐Aminoquinoxalines and Properties (2021)

Abstract The regioselective iodination of different 2‐mono‐, 3‐mono‐ and 2,3‐disubstituted 6‐aminoquinoxalines, which takes place at their 5‐position, was rationalized on the basis of Hückel theory calculations. Oxazolo‐ and thiazolo[5,4‐ f ]quinoxaline analogues of reported disease‐related protein kinases inhibitors were synthesized from the obtained 6‐amino‐5‐iodoquinoxalines by using as key step copper‐catalyzed azole ring formation. Pyrazino[ b,e ]isatins were obtained, for the first time, from the same substrates by recourse to Sonogashira coupling, alkyne hydration, and oxidative cyclization. The absorption and emission properties of the most promising compounds were recorded. In addition, most of the synthesized polycycles were evaluated as protein kinase inhibitors and for their antiproliferative activity towards cancer cells.
Stable Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Three Times Longer Lifetime than Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2015)

High quantum efficiency above 18% and extended lifetime three times longer than that of phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are demonstrated in blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent OLEDs.
Thermal ablation for treatment of hepatic metastasis from thymic epithelial tumors (TETs). (2017)

e20000 Background: Thermal ablation [radiofrequency ablation (RFA), cryoablation, microwave ablation (MWA)] has been used effectively for control of hepatic metastases from various solid tumors. However, these interventions have not been systematically evaluated in patients (pts) with TETs. We present our experience of the safety and clinical efficacy of thermal ablation in pts with advanced TETs and limited sites of disease progression. Methods: Pts with metastatic TETs followed at the National Cancer Institute were considered for thermal ablation if extrathoracic disease progression was limited to 3 or fewer anatomic sites amenable to percutaneous thermal ablative techniques. Appropriate imaging studies were used to evaluate for recurrence, and recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated. Biopsies were performed prior to ablation to study mutational and signaling events that may predispose to benefit. Results: From November 2012 to June 2016, 11 metastases (9 liver, 2 chest wall) in 4 pts (3 male, 1 female; median age 59.5 (range, 59-67); 3 thymic carcinoma, 1 WHO B2 thymoma; all Masaoka stage IVB) were treated with thermal ablation (6 MWA, 3 RFA, 2 cryoablation). Median size of metastasis was 1.5 cm (range, 1-4 cm). Local recurrence occurred at 2 (18%) of 11 treated sites, 11.5 months and 10 months after thermal ablation. All pts experienced distant recurrence (1 mesenteric/pelvic mass, 1 lung, 1 malignant pleural effusion, 1 liver) with a median RFS of 7 months (range, 2.5-14). Treatment was well tolerated with no serious adverse events. One pt died due to disease progression 9 months after thermal ablation; 3 pts are alive at the time of reporting (23.5, 37.5 and 38 months after treatment). Conclusions: Thermal ablation is well tolerated and largely successful in achieving local control in pts with advanced, unresectable TETs. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical benefit of thermal ablation compared with systemic therapy and surgery in specific pts with recurrent, oligometastatic TETs. The exact role of thermal ablation tools remains to be defined in this population. The potential for local thermally-induced cell death to induce or augment immunogenic tumor cell death will be assessed and reported.
Absolute configuration of the (+)-calamenenes: crystal structure of 7-hydroxycalamenene (1978)

The sesquiterpenes 7-hydroxycalamenene and (+)-calamenene isolated from Eremophila drummondii have been interrelated. The crystal structure and absolute configuration of the p-bromobenzoate of 7-hydroxycalamenene, C22H25BrO2, has been determined; crystals are orthorhombic, space group P212121, unit cell dimensions a= 9.471(5), b= 11.469(5), c= 18.253(7)Å, for Z= 4. These results show that both sesquiterpenes have the (1R,4R)-configurations and resolve the present confusion on this point.
Quasi-Pipelined Hash Circuits (2005)

Hash functions are an important cryptographic primitive. They are used to obtain a fixed-size fingerprint, or hash value, of an arbitrary long message. We focus particularly on the class of dedicated hash functions, whose general construction is presented; the peculiar arrangement of sequential and combinational units makes the application of pipelining techniques to these constructions not trivial. We formalize an optimization technique called quasi-pipelining, whose goal is to optimize the critical path and thus to increase the clock frequency in dedicated hardware implementations. The SHA-2 algorithm has been previously examined by Dadda et al, with specific versions of quasi-pipelining; a full generalization of the technique is presented, along with application to the SHA-1 algorithm. Quasi-pipelining could be as well applied to future hashing algorithms, provided they are designed along the same lines as those of the SHA family.
Strain Rate Imaging for Assessment of Regional Myocardial Function (2002)

In the clinical setting of a small, discrete infarct unaccompanied by changes in global function, SRI accurately depicted changes in regional function. These data suggest that SRI may be the optimal method for objective, quantitative assessment of regional myocardial dysfunction.
Metallization Technologies and Strategies for Plastic Based Biochips, Sensors and Actuators for Healthcare and Medical Applications (2009)

Metallization on flexible MEMS is used for various applications such as interconnects, electrodes and flexible actuators, where the metal lines are embedded onto the polymeric structure. An important issue is the properties of the polymer/metal interface. We review various surface treatments and discuss in details functionalization using self assembled monolayer (SAM) and electron-beam irradiation that significantly improve metal/polymer adhesion. To demonstrate the highlights and problems of flexible MEMS metallization we review processes and structures of two applications: a. flexible electrodes on thin hard polyimide substrates and b. flexible actuators on thick soft PDMS.
Nuevos conceptos en litotricia por ondas de choque (2007)

Five novel single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were found in the EPHX1 gene from 96 Japanese epileptic patients. The detected SNPs were as follows: 1) SNP, MPJ6_EX1009; GENE NAME, EPHX1 ACCESSION NUMBER, NT_004525.12; LENGTH, 25 bases; 5'-CCTCACTTCAGTG/ACTGGGCTTTGCC-3'. 2) SNP, MPJ6_EX1013; GENE NAME, EPHX1; ACCESSION NUMBER, NT_004525.12; LENGTH, 25 bases; 5'-TCCGCAGCCAGGG/CAGGACGACAGCA-3'. 3) SNP, MPJ6_EX1026; GENE NAME, EPHX1; ACCESSION NUMBER, NT_004525.12; LENGTH, 25 bases; 5'-GTTCTCCCTGGAC/TGACCTGCTGACC-3'. 4) SNP, MPJ6_EX1028; GENE NAME, EPHX1; ACCESSION NUMBER, NT_004525.12; LENGTH, 25 bases; 5'-AGGCAGGGGGACG/AGCCAGTCTTGGG-3'. 5) SNP, MPJ6_EX1030; GENE NAME, EPHX1; ACCESSION NUMBER, NT_004525.12; LENGTH, 25 bases; 5'-TGAAAAGTGGGTG/AAGGTTCAAGTAC-3'. The frequencies were 0.016 for MPJ6_EX1028 (IVS8+54G>A) and 0.005 for the other SNPs. The SNP MPJ6_EX1013 (130G>C) results in an amino acid alteration (E44Q). The other three SNPs in the coding region, MPJ6_EX1009 (30G>A), MPJ6_EX1026 (1056C>T), and MPJ6_EX1030 (1239G>A) result in synonymous changes (V10V, D352D, and V413V, respectively).
Behavior-Profile Clustering for False Alert Reduction in Anomaly Detection Sensors (2008)

Anomaly detection (AD) sensors compute behavior profiles to recognize malicious or anomalous activities. The behavior of a host is checked continuously by the AD sensor and an alert is raised when the behavior deviates from its behavior profile. Unfortunately, the majority of AD sensors suffer from high volumes of false alerts either maliciously crafted by the host or originating from insufficient training of the sensor. We present a cluster-based AD sensor that relies on clusters of behavior profiles to identify anomalous behavior. The behavior of a host raises an alert only when a group of host profiles with similar behavior (cluster of behavior profiles) detect the anomaly, rather than just relying on the host's own behavior profile to raise the alert (single-profile AD sensor). A cluster-based AD sensor significantly decreases the volume of false alerts by providing a more robust model of normal behavior based on clusters of behavior profiles. Additionally, we introduce an architecture designed for the deployment of cluster-based AD sensors. The behavior profile of each network host is computed by its closest switch that is also responsible for performing the anomaly detection for each of the hosts in its subnet. By placing the AD sensors at the switch, we eliminate the possibility of hosts crafting malicious alerts. Our experimental results based on wireless behavior profiles from users in the CRAWDAD dataset show that the volume of false alerts generated by cluster-based AD sensors is reduced by at least 50% compared to single-profile AD sensors.
Oriented Mesoporous Organosilicate Thin Films (2005)

Coassemblies of block copolymers and inorganic precursors offer a path to ordered inorganic nanostructures. In thin films, these materials combined with domain alignment provide highly robust nanoscopic templates. We report a simple path to control the morphology, scaling, and orientation of ordered mesopores in organosilicate thin films through the coassembly of a diblock copolymer, poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO), and an oligomeric organosilicate precursor that is selectively miscible with PEO. Continuous films containing cylindrical or spherical pores are generated by varying the mixing composition of symmetric PS-b-PEO and an organosilicate precursor. Tuning interfacial energy at both air/film and film/substrate interfaces allows the control of cylindrical pore orientation normal to the supported film surfaces. Our method provides well-ordered mesoporous structures within organosilicate thin films that find broad applications as highly stable nanotemplates.
Alveolar-to-Vascular Leakage of Surfactant Protein A in Ventilated Immature Newborn Rabbits (1995)

We measured alveolar-to-vascular leakage of surfactant protein A (SP-A) in immature newborn rabbits delivered at a gestational age of 27 days. Experimental animals received, via a tracheal cannula, 2 ml/kg of a mixture of modified porcine surfactant (Curosurf, 80 mg/ml) and human recombinant SP-A (4 mg/ml). Littermate controls received the same volume of human SP-A in saline (4 mg/ml). After 30 min of artificial ventilation with a frequency of 40/min and an inspiration time of either 0.75 or 0.45 s, blood was sampled from the right ventricle and the lungs were lavaged. The content of human SP-A in serum and lung lavage fluid was determined with ELISA kits, and the alveolar-to-vascular leak expressed as the quotient of total SP-A in serum and lavage fluid. The leak in control animals amounted to about 2% of SP-A in lung wash and was several times higher in these animals than in those receiving surfactant. The leak was of the same order irrespective of whether the animals were ventilated with long or short inspiration time. We speculate that serum levels of SP-A may reflect the degree of lung injury in various forms of respiratory failure.
Volcanic eruption monitoring by thermal image correlation: Pixel offsets show episodic dome growth of the Colima volcano (2013)

Abstract Estimating the magnitude of dome eruptions is one of the main challenges in volcano monitoring. Although modern monitoring networks are in place at many dome‐building volcanoes, the type and occurrence of explosive activity and the scale of the eruptions are commonly estimated by visual inspection. Quantifying the deformation of dome‐building volcanoes and the occurrence of explosions is highly valuable, not only for enabling the provision of early warnings but also for facilitating an understanding of the physics of explosive volcanoes, as demonstrated by this study of one of the most active volcanoes in Mexico. The Volcán de Colima is currently experiencing a phase of viscous dome growth, which is associated with episodic “Vulcanian” eruptions and rock falls. Little is known about the dynamics of this dome, its growth rates, or the scale of the associated explosions. We present the results from an analysis of nighttime time‐lapse infrared images and compare these data with local seismic amplitude recordings. By digital image correlation, we track temperature features in infrared images. Images taken before and after the explosions reveal the location of the hot dome to be subject to significant and systematic lateral pixel offsets. Dome deformation is shown to occur intermittently every 3–4 h, with lateral displacements exceeding 0.3 m within periods of less than 120 s. Only the thermally elevated regions of the western dome, which may represent a coulée‐like flow, are displaced. This movement is often, but not always, associated with seismic amplitude peaks. Therefore, our analysis of the infrared image correlation suggests the occurrence of aseismic dome‐deformation episodes, thereby challenging the current understanding of dome growth and/or the appropriateness of commonly used volcano surveillance techniques.
Nonlinear Optics: NIR‐Triggered Drug Delivery by Collagen‐Mediated Second Harmonic Generation (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 8/2015) (2015)

In the study presented by D. S. Kohane and co-workers on page 1159, fluorescein molecules are initially bound to collagen fibers through UV-sensitive bonds. Collagen fibers are exposed to NIR light, which is upconverted to UV light through second harmonic generation. The UV-sensitive bonds absorb the upconverted UV light and undergo an irreversible cleavage releasing the fluorescein molecules.
Green and ultraviolet pulse generation with a compact, fiber laser, chirped-pulse amplification system for aerosol fluorescence measurements (2010)

We use a compact chirped-pulse amplified system to harmonically generate ultrashort pulses for aerosol fluorescence measurements. The seed laser is a compact, all-normal dispersion, mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser with a 1050 nm center wavelength operating at 41 MHz. Average powers of more than 1.2 W at 525 nm and 350 mW at 262 nm are generated with <500 fs pulse durations. The pulses are time-stretched with high-dispersion fiber, amplified by a high-power, large-mode-area fiber amplifier, and recompressed using a chirped volume holographic Bragg grating. The resulting high-peak-power pulses allow for highly efficient harmonic generation. We also demonstrate for the first time to our knowledge, the use of a mode-locked ultraviolet source to excite individual biological particles and other calibration particles in an inlet air flow as they pass through an optical chamber. The repetition rate is ideal for biofluorescence measurements as it allows faster sampling rates as well as the higher peak powers as compared to previously demonstrated Q-switched systems while maintaining a pulse period that is longer than the typical fluorescence lifetimes. Thus, the fluorescence excitation can be considered to be quasicontinuous and requires no external synchronization and triggering.
Evaluation of Histological and Molecular Endpoints for Enhanced Detection of Thyroid System Disruption in Xenopus laevis Tadpoles (2006)

Amphibian metamorphosis represents a promising model for the identification of thyroid system-disrupting chemicals due to the pivotal role played by thyroid hormones for the initiation and regulation of metamorphosis. An important aspect of bioassay development is the identification and evaluation of sensitive and diagnostic endpoints. In this study, several morphological, histological, and molecular endpoints were evaluated for their utility to detect alterations in thyroid system function after exposure of stage 51 Xenopus laevis tadpoles to various concentrations (1.0, 2.5, 10, 25, and 50 mg/l) of the anti-thyroidal compound ethylenethiourea (ETU). Analysis of developmental stages on exposure day 20 and monitoring of time to fore limb emergence (FLE) revealed retardation and complete arrest of tadpole development at 25 mg/l and 50 mg/l ETU, respectively. Development was not affected by 1.0, 2.5, and 10 mg/l ETU. Histological alterations in the thyroid gland were observed in FLE-displaying tadpoles after exposure to 2.5, 10, and 25 mg/l ETU, as well as in developmentally arrested tadpoles exposed to 50 mg/l ETU. Prevalence and severity of histological changes increased in a concentration-dependent manner. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed increased mRNA expression of the alpha- and beta-subunits of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSHalpha, TSHbeta) in pituitary tissue of tadpoles exposed to 25 and 50 mg/l ETU. Results demonstrate the successful detection of anti-thyroidal effects of ETU in Xenopus laevis tadpoles using various endpoints and highlight the particular sensitivity of thyroid gland histology to detect thyroid system disruption in tadpoles.
Effect of Metal on the Stereospecificity of 2-Arylindene Catalysts for Elastomeric Polypropylene (1997)

Polymerization of propylene with bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dichloride and bis(2-[3,5-bistrifluoromethyl)indenyl]zirconium dichloride produces elastomeric polypropylene. The elastomeric properties of these polymers have been interpreted in terms of a stereoblock microstructure. Analysis of the microstructure by 13C NMR reveals isotactic pentad contents [mmmm] ranging from 6 to 74%. The hafnium derivatives were investigated to probe the influence of the transition metal on the polymerization behavior. The hafnium-based catalysts yield polypropylenes that are significantly less isotactic than the corresponding zirconium compounds, although molecular weights and productivities were similar for hafnium and zirconium derivatives. The X-ray crystal studies of these catalysts show nearly identical structures for corresponding zirconium and hafnium compounds. Variable temperature NMR of the metallocene dibenzyl analogues showed behavior consistent with rotation of indenyl ligands, where rotation of the indenyl ligand of bis(2-phenylindenyl)zirconium dibenzyl was 6800 Hz and that of hafnium was 6700 Hz at 20 °C. Based on our proposed mechanism of polymerization, the origin of the different microstructures can be ascribed to a faster propagation of the isospecific zirconium site relative to that of the isospecific hafnium site.