gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Copper electrodeposition localized in picoliter droplets using microcantilever arrays (2006)

A patterning tool that allows electrochemical reactions to take place inside microdroplets is introduced. This tool relies on the use of a microfabricated array of silicon cantilevers that incorporate a channel into which a gold electrode is patterned. The deposition process consists in forming picoliter droplets onto a conducting surface by a contact method and applying a voltage between the surface and the cantilevers. To demonstrate the capability of the system, arrays of 20μm diameter copper islands are electrodeposited onto gold surfaces. As expected, the copper bumps exhibit increasing heights as a result of longer deposition times.
Confronting the Challenging Asymmetric Carbonyl 1,2-Addition Using Vinyl Heteroarene Pronucleophiles: Ligand-Controlled Regiodivergent Processes through a Dearomatized Allyl–Cu Species (2022)

The selective reductive coupling of vinyl heteroarenes with aldehydes and ketones represents a versatile approach for the rapid construction of enantiomerically enriched secondary and tertiary alcohols, respectively. Herein, we demonstrate a CuH-catalyzed regiodivergent coupling of vinyl heteroarenes with carbonyl-containing electrophiles, in which the selectivity is controlled by the ancillary ligand. This approach leverages an <i>in situ</i> generated benzyl- or dearomatized allyl-Cu intermediate, yielding either the dearomatized or exocyclic addition products, respectively. The method exhibits excellent regio-, diastereo-, and enantioselectivity and tolerates a range of common functional groups and heterocycles. The dearomative pathway allows direct access to a variety of functionalized saturated heterocyclic structures. The reaction mechanism was probed using a combination of experimental and computational approach. Density functional theory studies suggest that the ligand-controlled regioselectivity results from the C-H/π interaction and steric repulsion in transition states, leading to the major and minor regioisomers, respectively. Hydrocupration of vinyl heteroarene pronucleophile is the enantiodetermining step, whereas the diastereoselectivity is enforced by steric interactions between the benzylic or allyl-Cu intermediate and carbonyl-containing substrates in a six-membered cyclic transition state.
Supplementary data from Development and Preclinical Validation of a Cysteine Knottin Peptide Targeting Integrin αvβ6 for Near-infrared Fluorescent-guided Surgery in Pancreatic Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1 shows mass spectometry results of the targeting agent (A), and control peptide (B). It also shows photostability of agent. Figure S2 shows characterisation of the different cell lines used. Figure S3 shows the difference in fluorescence between PDAC and peritumoral inflammation Figure S4 shows results of the preliminary toxicity study in mice&lt;/p&gt;
Complexity, Parsing, and Factorization of Tree-Local Multi-Component Tree-Adjoining Grammar (2010)

Tree-Local Multi-Component Tree-Adjoining Grammar (TL-MCTAG) is an appealing formalism for natural language representation because it arguably allows the encapsulation of the appropriate domain of locality within its elementary structures. Its multicomponent structure allows modeling of lexical items that may ultimately have elements far apart in a sentence, such as quantifiers and wh-words. When used as the base formalism for a synchronous grammar, its flexibility allows it to express both the close relationships and the divergent structure necessary to capture the links between the syntax and semantics of a single language or the syntax of two different languages. Its limited expressivity provides constraints on movement and, we posit, may have generated additional popularity based on a misconception about its parsing complexity. Although TL-MCTAG was shown to be equivalent in expressivity to TAG when it was first introduced, the complexity of TL-MCTAG is still not well understood. This article offers a thorough examination of the problem of TL-MCTAG recognition, showing that even highly restricted forms of TL-MCTAG are NP-complete to recognize. However, in spite of the provable difficulty of the recognition problem, we offer several algorithms that can substantially improve processing efficiency. First, we present a parsing algorithm that improves on the baseline parsing method and runs in polynomial time when both the fan-out and rank of the input grammar are bounded. Second, we offer an optimal, efficient algorithm for factorizing a grammar to produce a strongly equivalent TL-MCTAG grammar with the rank of the grammar minimized.
Diastereospecific Photochemical Dimerization of a Stilbene‐Containing Daisy Chain Monomer in Solution as well as in the Solid State (2003)

Eine Kronenether/Dialkylammonium-Hybridverbindung mit einer Stilbengruppe bildet durch Selbstorganisation ein [c2]-Daisy-Chain-Pseudorotaxan, dessen Superstruktur im Festkörper röntgenkristallographisch bestätigt wurde. Bei Bestrahlung findet sowohl in Lösung als auch im festen Zustand eine effiziente photochemische [2+2]-Dimerisierung des Pseudorotaxans unter Bildung eines Diastereoisomers von Cyclobutan mit syn-anti-syn-Konfiguration und Kopf-Schwanz-Regiochemie statt (siehe Schema).
Soft-matter capacitors and inductors for hyperelastic strain sensing and stretchable electronics (2013)

We introduce a family of soft-matter capacitors and inductors composed of microchannels of liquid-phase gallium‐indium‐tin alloy (galinstan) embedded in a soft silicone elastomer (Ecoflex R 00-30). In contrast to conventional (rigid) electronics, these circuit elements remain electronically functional even when stretched to several times their natural length. As the surrounding elastomer stretches, the capacitance and inductance of the embedded liquid channels change monotonically. Using a custom-built loading apparatus, we experimentally measure relative changes in capacitance and inductance as a function of stretch in three directions. These experimental relationships are consistent with theoretical predictions that we derive with finite elasticity kinematics. (Some figures may appear in colour only in the online journal)
Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonding: The Case of β‐Phosphorylated Nitroxide (= Aminoxyl) Radical (2006)

Abstract Alkoxyamines and persistent nitroxide (= aminoxyl) radicals are important regulators of nitroxide‐mediated radical polymerization. Since polymerization times decrease with the increasing homolysis rate constant of the CON bond homolysis between the polymer chain and the aminooxy moiety, the factors influencing the cleavage rate constant are of considerable interest. It has already been shown that the value of the homolysis rate constant k d is very sensitive to the stabilization of both released radical species. X‐Ray, EPR, and kinetic data showed that the intramolecular H‐bonding radical in the 1‐(diethoxyphosphoryl)‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl 2‐hydroxy‐1,1‐dimethylethyl nitroxide ( 3a ) (homologue of 2‐hydroxy‐1,1‐dimethylethyl 1‐phenyl‐2‐methylpropyl nitroxide ( 2a )) did not occur with the nitroxide moiety as expected but with the phosphoryl group. However, the polymerization rate of styrene (= ethenylbenzene) was significantly enhanced.
Structural Prediction of the Dimeric Form of the Mammalian Translocator Membrane Protein TSPO: A Key Target for Brain Diagnostics (2018)

Positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands targeting the human translocator membrane protein (TSPO) are broadly used for the investigations of neuroinflammatory conditions associated with neurological disorders. Structural information on the mammalian protein homodimers-the suggested functional state of the protein-is limited to a solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) study and to a model based on the previously-deposited solution NMR structure of the monomeric mouse protein. Computational studies performed here suggest that the NMR-solved structure in the presence of detergents is not prone to dimer formation and is furthermore unstable in its native membrane environment. We, therefore, propose a new model of the functionally-relevant dimeric form of the mouse protein, based on a prokaryotic homologue. The model, fully consistent with solid-state NMR data, is very different from the previous predictions. Hence, it provides, for the first time, structural insights into this pharmaceutically-important target which are fully consistent with experimental data.
Phase-balanced differential vector modulation by laser and electroabsorption modulator (2017)

Directly modulated laser can be used as phase modulator due to chirp effect. However, accompanying amplitude modulation also results. By using EA Modulator in combination, light amplitude may be compensated enabling both amplitude and phase modulation of lightwave, which is an alternative method to conventional IQ modulator. Since light phase is proportional to intensity, we propose cumulative phasebalance coding to solve the limitation in the laser operating range for differential M-PSK and M-QAM modulation. The technique applies parallel DC-balance coding with phase-balance symbol mapping. The cumulative phase in high-order differential modulation is always bounded, it is for the first time, to our knowledge
Abstract IA44: Cancer prevention: Dendritic cell enhanced immune responses towards neoantigens in patients with Lynch syndrome (2016)

Abstract To date, dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is explored worldwide in clinical vaccination trials with cancer patients. Although during the past 15 years the concept of DC vaccination has been clearly proven and found safe, the number of patients that have long-term benefit is still limited. Therefore the development of bioassays that predict clinical outcome are essential to optimize cellular anticancer immunotherapy. We have developed a robust and simple skin test to evaluate the capacity of tumor-specific T cells to migrate, recognize their targets and exert effector functions. This bioassay detects skin infiltrating T lymphocytes (SKILs) with an elevated antineoplastic potential and hence identifies patients responding to immunotherapy once started. The identification of a biomarker already available before start of treatment would facilitate decision-making regarding (prophylactic) immunotherapy. We recently identified that the ratio between peri/intratumoral T cells in the primary tumor, is an excellent predictor of survival after DC-based immunotherapy in metastatic melanoma patients. Patients with a high density of T cells in primary tumors, hence putative candidates for DC vaccination, are Lynch syndrome patients. They have an up to 80% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) due to a germline DNA mismatch-repair gene mutation (Lynch syndrome). MMR deficiency in tumor DNA causes shifts in the translational reading frame resulting in the expression of neoantigens. We exploited these neoantigens for vaccination of Lynch syndrome-associated CRC using DC. Patients were vaccinated with monocyte-derived DC loaded with MHC-class I-binding neoantigens (mutated Caspase-5 and TGF-βRII) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). With our bioassay, we detected SKILs that were able to migrate to the antigen-challenged site, recognize their targets (neoantigens) and exert effector functions shown by high amounts of interferon-γ upon stimulation with neoantigen-loaded target cells. No severe adverse events were detected. Our data emphasize the potency of DC-based immunotherapy to enhance the hosts antitumor immunity. Furthermore, this study paved the way for vaccination aiming at cancer prevention in Lynch syndrome mutation carriers. We recently started a clinical study with the here developed dendritic cells in these lynch syndrome mutation carriers. To date, promising immunological results are noted. Citation Format: Jolanda de Vries, Gerty Schreibelt, Kalijn F. Bol, Harm Westdorp, Steve Boudewijns, Winald R. Gerritsen, Nicoline Hoogerbrugge, Carl G. Figdor. Cancer prevention: Dendritic cell enhanced immune responses towards neoantigens in patients with Lynch syndrome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the CRI-CIMT-EATI-AACR Inaugural International Cancer Immunotherapy Conference: Translating Science into Survival; September 16-19, 2015; New York, NY. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2016;4(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA44.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some Trifluoromethyl Derivatives of 5‐tert‐Butyl‐2‐furylmethylideneanilines and Their Silyl Analogues. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
ChemInform Abstract: RPR203494 a Pyrimidine Analogue of the p38 Inhibitor RPR200765A with an Improved in vitro Potency. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cost model for monolithic 3D integrated circuits (2016)

A cost model for monolithic 3D-ICs is presented that takes into account increased process complexity and associated yield impact as well as area reduction. The model enables more accurate PPC (Power, Performance and Cost) understanding and the range of applicability for monolithic 3D-IC technology. The model shows that depending on the die area and partitioning scheme, the cost benefit can be 50% or higher.
Abstract LB-341: Cysteine dioxygenase 1 is a tumor suppressor gene silenced by promoter methylation in multiple human cancers (2012)

Abstract The human cysteine dioxygenase 1 (CDO1) gene is a non-heme structured, iron-containing metalloenzyme involved in the conversion of cysteine to cysteine sulfinate, and plays a key role in taurine biosynthesis. In our search for novel methylated gene promoters, we have analyzed differential RNA expression profiles of colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines with or without treatment of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine. Among the genes identified, the CDO1 promoter was found to be differentially methylated in primary CRC tissues with high frequency compared to normal colon tissues. In addition, a statistically significant difference in the frequency of CDO1 promoter methylation was observed between primary normal and tumor tissues derived from breast, esophagus, lung, bladder and stomach. Downregulation of CDO1 mRNA and protein levels were observed in cancer cell lines and tumors derived from these tissue types. Expression of CDO1 was tightly controlled by promoter methylation, suggesting that promoter methylation and silencing of CDO1 may be a common event in human carcinogenesis. Moreover, forced expression of full-length CDO1 in human cancer cells markedly decreased the tumor cell growth in an in vitro cell culture and/or an in vivo mouse model, whereas knockdown of CDO1 increased cell growth in culture. Our data implicate CDO1 as a novel tumor suppressor gene and a potentially valuable molecular marker for human cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-341. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-341
Bivalent therapeutic vaccine against HPV16/18 genotypes consisting of a fusion protein between the extra domain A from human fibronectin and HPV16/18 E7 viral antigens (2020)

Our results suggest that this therapeutic vaccine formulation may be an effective treatment for cervical tumors that do not respond to current therapies.
Novel adhesive tapes for semiconductor manufacturing process (2005)

AbstracG To facilitate fabrication of reliable semiconductor devices, adhesive tapes were investigated. Formulated adhesives contained acrylic polymer and epoxy resins. Through a novel design of adhesives, thew versatile adhesive tapes, lint as a pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) and later as an adhesive material of semiconductors, have been developed. One item was studied as a die bonding tape with Wlthermd dual curing function characteristics. The other item was studied as hack side-coating tape. The die bonding tape was found to be especially effective in the manufacture of die stacked package: The back side-coating tape was useful in exchange for spin coating and screen printing materials. These products respeclively, have been introduced in the market with the name of Adwill =series and LCseries.
A decisive function of transforming growth factor-β/Smad signaling in tissue morphogenesis and differentiation of human HaCaT keratinocytes (2011)

The mechanism by which transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) regulates differentiation in human epidermal keratinocytes is still poorly understood. To assess the role of Smad signaling, we engineered human HaCaT keratinocytes either expressing small interfering RNA against Smads2, 3, and 4 or overexpressing Smad7 and verified impaired Smad signaling as decreased Smad phosphorylation, aberrant nuclear translocation, and altered target gene expression. Besides abrogation of TGFβ-dependent growth inhibition in conventional cultures, epidermal morphogenesis and differentiation in organotypic cultures were disturbed, resulting in altered tissue homeostasis with suprabasal proliferation and hyperplasia upon TGFβ treatment. Neutralizing antibodies against TGFβ, similar to blocking the actions of EGF-receptor or keratinocyte growth factor, caused significant growth reduction of Smad7-overexpressing cells, thereby demonstrating that epithelial hyperplasia was attributed to TGFβ-induced "dermis"-derived growth promoting factors. Furthermore impaired Smad signaling not only blocked the epidermal differentiation process or caused epidermal-to-mesenchymal transition but induced a switch to a complex alternative differentiation program, best characterized as mucous/intestinal-type epithelial differentiation. As the same alternative phenotype evolved from both modes of Smad-pathway interference, and reduction of Smad7-overexpression caused reversion to epidermal differentiation, our data suggest that functional TGFβ/Smad signaling, besides regulating epidermal tissue homeostasis, is not only essential for terminal epidermal differentiation but crucial in programming different epithelial differentiation routes.
Efficient Orthogonal Matching Pursuit using sparse random projections for scene and video classification (2011)

Sparse projection has been shown to be highly effective in several domains, including image denoising and scene / object classification. However, practical application to large scale problems such as video analysis requires efficient versions of sparse projection algorithms such as Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP). In particular, random projection based locality sensitive hashing (LSH) has been proposed for OMP. In this paper, we propose a novel technique called Comparison Hadamard random projection (CHRP) for further improving the efficiency of LSH within OMP. CHRP combines two techniques:(1) The Fast Johnson-Lindenstrauss Transform (FJLT) which uses a randomized Hadamard transform and sparse projection matrix for LSH, and (2) Achlioptas' random projection that uses only addition and comparison operations. Our approach provides the robustness of FJLT while completely avoiding multiplications. We empirically validate CHRP's efficacy by performing a suite of experiments for image denoising, scene classification, and video categorization. Our experiments indicate that CHRP significantly speeds-up OMP with negligible loss in classification accuracy.
Optimal Substrate Preheating Model for Thermal Spray Deposition of Thermosets onto Polymer Matrix Composites (2003)

Abstract High velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) sprayed, functionally graded polyimide/WC-Co composite coatings on polymer matrix composites (PMC's) are being investigated for applications in turbine engine technologies. This requires that the polyimide, used as the matrix material, be fully crosslinked during deposition in order to maximize its engineering properties. The rapid heating and cooling nature of the HVOF spray process and the high heat flux through the coating into the substrate typically do not allow sufficient time at temperature for curing of the thermoset. It was hypothesized that external substrate preheating might enhance the deposition behavior and curing reaction during the thermal spraying of polyimide thermosets. An additional difficulty arises from the low thermal conductivity and low specific heat capacity of the PMC substrate, which prevent effective substrate preheating by the HVOF jet as in the case of metallic substrates. A simple analytical process model for the deposition of thermosetting polyimide onto polymer matrix composites by HVOF thermal spray technology has been developed. The model incorporates various heat transfer mechanisms and enables surface temperature profiles of the coating to be simulated, primarily as a function of substrate preheating temperature. Four cases were modeled: (i) no substrate preheating; (ii) substrates electrically preheated from the rear; (iii) substrates preheated by hot air from the front face; and (iv) substrates electrically preheated from the rear and by hot air from the front. Thermal properties of the polyimide needed for the simulations were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). Microstructural characterization of the coatings and the morphology of polyimide splats sprayed both with and without substrate preheating were analyzed using standard metallographic techniques. Coating temperature in cases (iii) and (iv) never dropped below the crosslinking temperature of the polyimide feedstock. This was the critical condition required for the curing reaction and successful deposition of thermosets by HVOF thermal spraying.
Dynamic Analysis of Elastohydrodynamic Squeeze Films (1976)

This paper contains an analysis of a class of elastohydrodynamic squeeze film problems. A true transient analysis is presented. Thick films bounded by a finite rigid plate and a compliant half-space are considered. The effect of different approach constraints is explored, among these being constant and time varying load and constant and time varying center point pressure. The effect of different material models is also considered.
Generation of high-power, non-frequency shifted solitons in a gas-filled photonic band-gap fiber (2003)

We generate femtosecond, non-frequency shifted solitons with peak powers greater than 5 MW in a Xe-filled, hollow-core photonic band-gap fiber. This represents, to our knowledge, the first observation of temporal solitons with no self-frequency shift.
Progress Towards a Wideband RF Imager (2006)

RF imaging is the mapping of signal intensity to the available azimuth and elevation angles of arrival. Although the result is analogous to optical images, which are formed using optical lenses, RF imagers typically use processor-intensive synthesis imaging techniques to form the image from signals collected by an antenna array. As the antenna array element count and the bandwidth of the receivers grow, however, the required processing power rapidly increases. In the experiment presented in this paper, we choose an electro-optic process to form the RF images. We upconvert the array of antenna signals onto an spatial optical fiber array, which allows us to use a lens as a Fourier optical beamformer. As we show with initial results, this forms frequency-scaled narrowband images of the RF object onto an image plane where they may be detected by an optical camera. To collect wideband images, we must compensate for the narrowband frequency scaling, so we incorporate a spectral hole burning (SHB) crystal as a time integrating image channelizer. The SHB crystal integrates narrowband images within 1 MHz wide spectral bins across a spectral bandwidth up to 30 GHz. These narrowband images are sequentially read from the crystal and scaled by an external zoom lens such that, when integrated on an optical camera, they form a wideband image. We present experimental progress towards forming a one dimensional image across a frequency band of 2-4 GHz