gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of phosphatidylethanolamine–phosphatidylserine model systems: influence of cholesterol and Mg2+ on Ca2+-triggered bilayer to hexagonal (HII) transitions (1983)

Previous work has shown that Ca2+ can trigger bilayer to hexagonal (HII) polymorphic phase transitions in (unsaturated phosphatidylserine (PS)-phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) model systems. In this work we examine the influence of cholesterol and Mg2+ on the phase preferences of PS-PE systems. Subsequently, the influence of cholesterol and Mg2+ on the levels of Ca2+ required to trigger bilayer-HII transitions in these mixed systems is studied. It is shown that at 30 degrees C the presence of equimolar (with respect to phospholipid) levels of cholesterol engenders formation of the HII phase for PE-PS systems containing 15 and 30 mol% PS, whereas bilayer structure is maintained for PE-PS-cholesterol (1:1:2) dispersions. However, the polymorphic phase preferences of the latter system are much more sensitive to the presence of monovalent and divalent cations. In the absence of cholesterol, Mg2+ and high salt concentrations do not affect the polymorphic phase preferences of PE-PS (1:1) systems. In contrast, 8 mM or higher Mg2+ levels or salt concentrations greater than 1.0 M induce HII-phase formation in PE-PS-cholesterol (1:1:2) systems. Further, lower Mg2+ concentrations (2 mM) act as a powerful adjunct to Ca2+ triggering of HII-phase structure in such systems, reducing the Ca2+ concentration required from 4 to 0.25 mM. These results are discussed in terms of Ca2+ concentrations required for fusion events and the influence of cholesterol on the structural preferences of the inner monolayer lipids of the erythrocyte membrane.
Synthesis of Diindolocarbazoles by Ullmann Reaction:  A Rapid Route to Ladder Oligo(p-aniline)s (2004)

[structure: see text] New and facile synthesis of symmetric diindolocarbazoles was developed using the copper-catalyzed Ullmann reaction. The key step is a double-intramolecular cyclization reaction realized on N-alkyl-3,6-dibromo-2,7-bis(2'aminophenyl)carbazole derivatives which offers the desired symmetric ladder oligo(p-aniline)s. Depending upon the nature of the side- and/or end-groups, well-defined thin films and/or semiladder polymers could be obtained. These electroactive ladder oligomers may have great potential in organic electronics.
On the Expressive Power of Overlapping Architectures of Deep Learning (2017)

Expressive efficiency refers to the relation between two architectures A and B, whereby any function realized by B could be replicated by A, but there exists functions realized by A, which cannot be replicated by B unless its size grows significantly larger. For example, it is known that deep networks are exponentially efficient with respect to shallow networks, in the sense that a shallow network must grow exponentially large in order to approximate the functions represented by a deep network of polynomial size. In this work, we extend the study of expressive efficiency to the attribute of network connectivity and in particular to the effect of "overlaps" in the convolutional process, i.e., when the stride of the convolution is smaller than its filter size (receptive field). To theoretically analyze this aspect of network's design, we focus on a well-established surrogate for ConvNets called Convolutional Arithmetic Circuits (ConvACs), and then demonstrate empirically that our results hold for standard ConvNets as well. Specifically, our analysis shows that having overlapping local receptive fields, and more broadly denser connectivity, results in an exponential increase in the expressive capacity of neural networks. Moreover, while denser connectivity can increase the expressive capacity, we show that the most common types of modern architectures already exhibit exponential increase in expressivity, without relying on fully-connected layers.
ChemInform Abstract: SARS‐CoV 3CLpro Inhibitory Effects of Quinone‐Methide Triterpenes from Tripterygium regelii. (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A 39.7 dBm and 18.5% PAE compact X to Ku band GaN Travelling Wave Amplifier (2014)

This article presents an 8GHz to 18GHz Travelling Wave Amplifier (TWA) averaging 39.7dBm of output power and 18.5% Power Added Efficiency (PAE). At 11 GHz, the TWA reaches a peak output power 40.4dBm and a peak PAE of 22%. The proposed architecture consists in the combination of two TWAs in parallel to increase output power. An innovative low loss compact power combiner is proposed to reduce the overall die size and keep high PAE. The amplifier presented here has the advantage to be very compact compared to similar MMICs High Power Amplifiers (HPA). An innovative design methodology based on a strong correlation between the amplifier and the combiner design is introduced.
Process development and application of grayscale lithography for efficient three-dimensionally profiled fiber-to-waveguide couplers (2003)

While recent advances in optical integrated circuits and photonic crystal devices have been impressive, there presently exists an unsatisfied need for an efficient means of coupling into these systems from the outside world. To this end, we have developed writing techniques for continuous-tone grayscale masks in high-energy beam sensitive (HEBS) glass, which we subsequently employ in the fabrication of tapered coupling devices. These devices demonstrate efficient coupling of free-space and fiber signals into waveguides fabricated on silicon-on-insulator substrates. This approach significantly reduces losses as compared to standard butt-coupling and end-fire coupling methods, in addition to being inherently broadband. In this paper, we discuss grayscale mask process development, fabrication techniques for the coupling devices, and characterization of device performance.
Determination of the interfacial mass transfer coefficient of vinyl acetate monomer diffusion into poly(vinyl acetate) and polystyrene latex particles stabilized with different stabilization mechanisms using a vapor phase addition method (1995)

Abstract A vapor phase monomer addition method was used to measure the monomer transfer rate into latex particles. The classical mathematical model for the diffusion process was used to calculate the overall mass transfer coefficients of monomer between the vapor and the water phases, and between the water and the polymer particle phases. At the initial stage of the monomer transfer into the glassy polystyrene latex particles at 60°C, the rate‐determining step was the monomer transfer inside the polymer. As more monomer transferred into the latex particles and the glass transition temperature of the swollen latex particles decreased below the experimental temperature, the rate‐determining step became the monomer transfer across the interfacial surfactant layer. This transition was not observed with poly(vinyl acetate) latex, which was rubbery at the experimental temperature. The diffusion coefficients calculated were in the order of 10 −13 to 10 ‐14 cm 2 /s. These low values correspond to molecular diffusion of small molecules through a solid or glassy membrane. This was attributed to the resistance of the adsorbed surfactant layer. The mass transfer rates into latex particles stabilized with ionic, nonionic surfactants, and a water‐soluble polymer were compared. In the case of the ionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate, when a large amount of electrolyte was added, the mass transfer rate decreased compared to the electrolyte addition free case. This was attributed to the formation of a “condensed” layer of adsorbed surfactant. Adsorbed nonionic surfactant or water‐soluble polymer showed larger resistance to monomer transport compared to the ionic surfactant layer. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Search for the rare decay D0→μ+μ− (2013)

A search for the rare decay D0→μ+μ− is performed using a data sample, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.9fb−1, of pp collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV by the LHCb experiment. The observed number of events is consistent with the background expectations and corresponds to an upper limit of B(D0→μ+μ−)<6.2(7.6)×10−9 at 90% (95%) confidence level. This result represents an improvement of more than a factor twenty with respect to previous measurements.
Replica Compensated Linear Regulators for Supply-Regulated Phase-Locked Loops (2006)

Supply-regulated phase-locked loops rely upon the VCO voltage regulator to maintain a low sensitivity to supply noise and hence low overall jitter. By analyzing regulator supply rejection, we show that in order to simultaneously meet the bandwidth and low dropout requirements, previous regulator implementations used in supply-regulated PLLs suffer from unfavorable tradeoffs between power supply rejection and power consumption. We therefore propose a compensation technique that places the regulator's amplifier in a local replica feedback loop, stabilizing the regulator by increasing the amplifier bandwidth while lowering its gain. Even though the forward gain of the amplifier is reduced, supply noise affects the replica output in addition to the actual output, and therefore the amplifier's gain to reject supply noise is effectively restored. Analysis shows that for reasonable mismatch between the replica and actual loads, regulator performance is uncompromised, and experimental results from a 90 nm SOI test chip confirm that with the same power consumption, the proposed regulator achieves at least 4 dB higher supply rejection than the previous regulator design. Furthermore, simulations show that if not for other supply rejection-limiting components in the PLL, the supply rejection improvement of the proposed regulator is greater than 15 dB.
White-Point Preservation Enforces Positivity (1998)

It is commonplace to use a 3 &#xD7; 3 linear transform to map device RGBs to XYZs. Two particular types of transforms have been developed based on the assumptions that we either maximally ignorant or maximally prescient about the world. Under the maximum ignorance assumption, it is assumed that nothing is known about the spectral statistics of the world and so the best correction transform is the one that maps device spectral sensitivities so they are as close to observer sensitivities as possible. Under maximum prescience, we know the spectral statistics that we will observe and so the maximally prescient transform maps, with minimumerror, the RGBs (that we knowwe will see) onto corresponding XYZs. In general the two assumptions lead to quite different color corrections.In previous work we have argued against total ignorance or prescience and have instead developed compromise transforms. Our work is based on two observations. First, one is never completely ignorant about the world&#x2014;color signal spectral power distributions are everywhere all positive. Second, it is accepted that it is much more important to correct some colors than other. In particular, white is central to color vision and color imaging, so it is imperative that white should always look right.However, to date these two compromise solutions have been studied in isolation. Surely, it would be advantageous to combine the constraints of whiteness and positivity? In fact we show that this is not the case: by preserving white we enforce positivity. This is an important result. Not only does it add to our understanding of color correction, but it helps explain color correction results published in the literature (the assumptions of positivity and white-preservation lead to very similar results). Moreover, it helps us to derive a new measure for assessing the goodness (color correctability) of camera sensors that is strictly less pessimistic (and more accurate) than the existing Vora Value.
2-Diphenylphosphino-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl as a chiral auxiliary for asymmetric coordination chemistry (2011)

In this study, the bidentate ligand (R)-2-diphenylphosphino-2′-hydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (HO-MOP) was investigated as a chiral auxiliary for the asymmetric synthesis of ruthenium polypyridyl complexes. It was found that (R)-HO-MOP serves as an effective chiral auxiliary starting from different precursor complexes, most notably using the commercially available half-sandwich complex [Ru(η6-C6H6)Cl2]2.
Adsorption and desorption kinetics for SiH2Cl2 on Si(111) 7×7 (1992)

The adsorption and desorption kinetics for dichlorosilane (SiH2Cl2) on Si(111) 7×7 were studied using laser-induced thermal desorption (LITD) and temperature programmed desorption (TPD) techniques. The TPD experiments monitored H2, HCl, and SiCl2 desorption products at 810, 850, and 1000 K, respectively. H2, HCl, and SiCl2 desorption products were also observed in the LITD yield at all surface coverages. In agreement with the TPD studies, linear ramp LITD experiments monitored the disappearance of the H2, HCl, and SiCl2 LITD signals at 810, 850, and 1000 K. LITD measurements determined the initial reactive sticking coefficient (S0) of SiH2Cl2 on Si(111) 7×7 versus surface temperature. The sticking coefficient was S0≊0.36 at temperatures from 150 to 200 K. Above 200 K, the sticking coefficient decreased to S0≊0.10 at 350 K and S0≊0.0025 at 850 K. The temperature-dependent sticking coefficient was consistent with a precursor-mediated adsorption model. As a function of surface coverage following SiH2Cl2 exposure, TPD studies observed that the HCl desorption yield decreased relative to the H2 and SiCl2 desorption yields. These results indicated that when more hydrogen desorbs as H2 at higher coverages, the remaining chlorine is forced to desorb as SiCl2. TPD experiments also determined that the surface chlorine coverage saturated and was independent of surface temperature after large SiH2Cl2 exposures on Si(111) 7×7. Epitaxial growth of silicon by dichlorosilane chemical vapor deposition can be predicted using the measured adsorption and desorption kinetics for dichlorosilane on Si(111) 7×7. When these kinetics are employed together with incident SiH2Cl2 fluxes, very good agreement is observed between predicted and measured silicon growth rates.
Self-limited RRAM with ON/OFF resistance ratio amplification (2015)

We demonstrate sub-5nm filament based electrochemical metallization RRAM with self-limited program in a reliable and controllable manner. This RRAM removes the necessity for any external current compliance in a 1TnR (1S1R) architecture. Furthermore, we report a novel technique to amplify RRAM's intrinsic ON/OFF resistance ratio by a factor of >10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> , which offers significant cell-, circuit- and system-level benefits such as reduced power, reduced BER and increased read bandwidth in high density RRAM.
Bit-allocation for transcoding pre-encoded video streams (2002)

In video transcoding, useful coding statistics become available when the input video stream is decoded. It is possible to utilize these statistics to improve the transcoding performance. In this paper we investigate how to use these statistics to perform the picture bit-allocation for transcoding a pre-encoded video bit-stream. We propose a scheme to estimate the complexities of the pictures of the output video using the coding statistics computed from the input video stream. Based on the estimated picture complexity, we present a picture bit-allocation algorithm for the rate-control of the transcoding process. The algorithm is simple to compute, and effectively improves the video quality and reduces the picture quality variations.
Increased plasma norepinephrine in young patients with essential hypertension under three sodium intakes. (1984)

Increased sympathetic nerve activity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension. It is well known that both dietary sodium intake and age influence the plasma norepinephrine (NE) concentration. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of age on sympathetic nerve activity in patients with essential hypertension and normal control subjects under low-, regular-, and high-sodium regimens (mean 24-hour sodium excretions: 30 +/- 4, 116 +/- 7,280 +/- 15 mEq, respectively). Plasma NE and epinephrine (E) were analyzed by trihydroxyindole methods after high-performance liquid chromatography separation. Subjects were categorized by age into young (less than or equal to 40 yrs), middle-aged (40-60 years), and old (greater than or equal to 60 years) subgroups. Mean plasma NE in hypertensive patients was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in normal subjects on each of the sodium regimens. In normal control subjects, there was a significant positive correlation between age and plasma NE with all three sodium intakes. However, no correlation was seen in hypertensive patients on any of the sodium regimens, because in the young subgroup of hypertensive patients the mean plasma NE was significantly higher than that of normal control subjects. These results suggest that the increased sympathetic nerve activity plays an important role in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, especially in young patients.
Tempo-spatial Activation of Sequential Quadruple Stimuli for High Gene Expression of Polymeric Gene Nanocomplexes (2017)

The clinical application of intracellular gene delivery via nanosized carriers is hindered by intracellular multistep barriers that limit high levels of gene expression. To solve these issues, four different intracellular or external stimuli that can efficiently activate a gene carrier, a gene, or a photosensitizer (pheophorbide A [PhA]) were assessed in this study. The designed nanosized polymeric gene complexes were composed of PhA-loaded thiol-degradable polycation (PhA@RPC) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-equipped pDNA. After cellular internalization of the resulting PhA@RPC/pDNA complexes, the complexes escaped endosomal sequestration, owing to the endosomal pH-induced endosomolytic activity of RPC in PhA@RPC. Subsequently, intracellular thiol-mediated polycation degradation triggered the release of PhA and pDNA from the complexes. Late exposure to light (for example, 12 h post-treatment) activated the released PhA and resulted in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Intracellular ROS successively activated NF-κB, which then reactivated the CMV promoter in the pDNA. These sequential, stimuli-responsive chemical and biological reactions resulted in high gene expression. In particular, the time-point of light exposure was very significant to tune efficient gene expression as well as negligible cytotoxicity: early light treatment induced photochemical internalization but high cytotoxicity, whereas late light treatment influenced the reactivation of silent pDNA via PhA-generated ROS and activation of NF-κB. In conclusion, the quadruple triggers, such as pH, thiol, light, and ROS, successively influenced a gene carrier (RPC), a photosensitizer, and a genetic therapeutic, and the tempo-spatial activation of the designed quadruple stimuli-activatable nanosized gene complexes could be potential in gene delivery applications.
Microwave transmission through metallic hole arrays: Surface electric field measurements (2006)

The authors investigate the enhanced microwave transmission through a metal plate perforated by a square lattice of subwavelength holes, predicted to occur as a structure factor resonance phenomenon [F. J. Gracía de Abajo and J. J. Sáenz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 95, 233901 (2005)]. By probing the surface electric field on the metallic plate at the peak transmission frequency, they establish the similarities and differences between the structure factor resonance and surface plasmon.
Efficient rectifier for wireless power transfer in VHF band (2018)

This paper presents a high-efficiency single-diode rectifier and rectenna targeted to VHF wireless power transfer applications, operating at 82 MHz. The rectifier obtains a peak efficiency of 82% at an input power of 25 mW. Additionally, greater than 50% efficiency is demonstrated for input powers from -3 to 25 dBm and across input frequencies from 73 to 100 MHz. The rectifier is combined with a folded dipole antenna to realize a receiver rectenna for large-area wireless power applications. A design approach for high-efficiency VHF rectennas, applicable to both large-dimension and compact connected sensors and devices, accompanies the measured results.
Antiviral Effect of N -Butyldeoxynojirimycin against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Correlates with Misfolding of E2 Envelope Proteins and Impairment of Their Association into E1-E2 Heterodimers (2001)

The iminosugar N-butyldeoxynojirimycin (NB-DNJ), an endoplasmic reticulum alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, has an antiviral effect against bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). In this report, we investigate the molecular mechanism of this inhibition by studying the folding pathway of BVDV envelope glycoproteins in the presence and absence of NB-DNJ. Our results show that, while the disulfide-dependent folding of E2 glycoprotein occurs rapidly (2.5 min), the folding of E1 occurs slowly (30 min). Both BVDV envelope glycoproteins associate rapidly with calnexin and dissociate with different kinetics. The release of E1 from the interaction with calnexin coincides with the beginning of E1 and E2 association into disulfide-linked heterodimers. In the presence of NB-DNJ, the interaction of E1 and E2 with calnexin is prevented, leading to misfolding of the envelope glycoproteins and inefficient formation of E1-E2 heterodimers. The degree of misfolding and the lack of association of E1 and E2 into disulfide-linked complexes in the presence of NB-DNJ correlate with the dose-dependent antiviral effect observed for this iminosugar.
MP57-03 IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTIVE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR DEGRADERS (SARDS) FOR THE TREATMENT OF ENZALUTAMIDE UNRESPONSIVE AND/OR RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER (2017)

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. AR signaling is known to play a critical role in androgen responsive prostate cancer cells. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a standard of care for patients when prostate cancer has spread beyond the prostate. Almost all the prostate cancer (PCa) deaths result from castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). With the development of newer anti-androgen Enzalutamide (ENZ) there has been a marked improvement in CRPC. However, almost all patients develop resistance to ENZ in part due to expression of ARv7. Thus, to date, no acceptable treatment options are available for ENZ resistant CRPC. In the present study we evaluated the effects of TET, a derivative of bis-benzyly isoquinoline, Tetrandrine on two enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer cell lines on sensitizing these cells to Enzalutamide. We also evaluated the effects of TET on AR and ARv7 levels.
Flow speed measurement with Doppler effect using ultrasonic receiver for small-sized smart catheter (2015)

We measured flow speed in a cylindrical pipe with Doppler effect using an ultrasonic receiver. We proposed a wide frequency range receiver to measure both blood flow speed and blood pressure at the same time in a blood vessel. Our sensor has a piezoresistive cantilever which is put on the boundary between air and liquid in a device. According to this structure, proposed receiver can measure acoustic waves from Hz to MHz order frequency, so that we can obtain blood flow speed (MHz order), and blood pressure change (Hz order) with the same device. We measured flow speed ranging from 6 to 25 mm/s, which was equal to blood flow speed of an arteriole, in a cylindrical pipe, of MHz order Doppler effect.