gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 3.6pJ/access 480MHz, 128Kbit on-Chip SRAM with 850MHz boost mode in 90nm CMOS with tunable sense amplifiers to cope with variability (2008)

An extremely low energy/operation, single cycle 32 bit/word, 128 Kbit SRAM is fabricated in 90 nm CMOS. In the 850 MHz boost mode, energy consumption is 8.4 pJ/access. This reduces to 3.6 pJ/access in the normal 480 MHz mode and bottoms out at a very aggressive 2.7 pJ/access in the 240 MHz low power mode. This performance is obtained using novel, digitally tunable sense amplifiers and a tunable timing circuit that cope gracefully with the stochastic variations in the periphery.
Aging phenomenon by water treeing and its mechanism in high voltage transmission XLPE cables (2002)

Investigations were made on 66 kV XLPE insulated power transmission cables removed from 7 lines that experienced failures after 10 or more years in service. It was found by pre-breakdown detection test that the weakest point of each cables corresponded to vented water trees from conductor shielding layer. Such vented trees were classified into two types: "blur" water trees appearing blue in color and ordinary "white" water trees. Elemental analyses revealed that iron and sulfur were contained peculiarly at the nuclei and the paths of "blue tree". Reproduction of blue trees was attempted, and it turned out that blue trees were developed by the presence of both of iron sulfate solution and aromatic amine additive. It turned out that blue trees became harmful due to the intrusion of such conductive impurities into the paths of blue trees. Based on these investigations, the mechanisms for the formation of the blue trees and the premature breakdown of the cables were proposed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Non-Gaussian statistics and temporal variations of the ultrasound signal backscattered by blood at frequencies between 10 and 58 MHz (2004)

Very little is known about the blood backscattering behavior and signal statistics following flow stoppage at frequencies higher than 10 MHz. Measurements of the radio frequency (rf) signals backscattered by normal human blood (hematocrit = 40%, temperature = 37 degrees C) were performed in a tube flow model at mean frequencies varying between 10 and 58 MHz. The range of increase of the backscattered power during red blood cell (RBC) rouleau formation was close to 15 dB at 10 and 36 MHz, and dropped, for the same blood samples, below 8 dB at 58 MHz. Increasing the frequency from 10 to 58 MHz raised the slope of the power changes at the beginning of the kinetics of aggregation, and could emphasize the non-Gaussian behavior of the rf signals interpreted in terms of the K and Nakagami statistical models. At 36 and 58 MHz, significant increases of the kurtosis coefficient, and significant reductions of the Nakagami parameter were noted during the first 30 s of flow stoppage. In conclusion, increasing the transducer frequency reduced the magnitude of the backscattered power changes attributed to the phenomenon of RBC aggregation, but improved the detection of rapid growth in aggregate sizes and non-Gaussian statistical behavior.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Vpr Induces DNA Replication Stress InVitro and In Vivo (2006)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) causes cell cycle arrest in G2. Vpr-expressing cells display the hallmarks of certain forms of DNA damage, specifically activation of the ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related kinase, ATR. However, evidence that Vpr function is relevant in vivo or in the context of viral infection is still lacking. In the present study, we demonstrate that HIV-1 infection of primary, human CD4+ lymphocytes causes G2 arrest in a Vpr-dependent manner and that this response requires ATR, as shown by RNA interference. The event leading to ATR activation in CD4+ lymphocytes is the accumulation of replication protein A in nuclear foci, an indication that Vpr likely induces stalling of replication forks. Primary macrophages are refractory to ATR activation by Vpr, a finding that is consistent with the lack of detectable ATR, Rad17, and Chk1 protein expression in these nondividing cells. These observations begin to explain the remarkable resilience of macrophages to HIV-1-induced cytopathicity. To study the in vivo consequences of Vpr function, we isolated CD4+ lymphocytes from HIV-1-infected individuals and interrogated the cell cycle status of anti-p24Gag-immunoreactive cells. We report that infected cells in vivo display an aberrant cell cycle profile whereby a majority of cells have a 4N DNA content, consistent with the onset of G2 arrest.
Total Synthesis of the Proposed Structures of the Novel Antimalarial Pyranone Cryptorigidifoliol E (2016)

The total syntheses of the proposed structures of the antimalarial lactone cryptorigidifoliol E are described. The synthetic sequence notably features a Bartlett–Smith halocyclization to give a chiral epoxide, followed by its regioselective ring-opening reaction, Still–Gennari­ olefination, Corey–Bakshi–Shibata (CBS) ynone reduction, and olefin cross-metathesis.
0443 Intra Week Sleep Patterns Analyzed Using Consumer Sleep Tracker Data (2020)

Abstract Introduction Big data collected using consumer sleep technology can provide objectively measured insights on sleep behavior in the real-life environment. It has the advantage over self-report data of being less prone to bias. Here we used a non-contact bio-motion sensor to remotely capture objective sleep data. We analyzed 168432 nights of sleep data to test if differences between weekday versus weekend sleep behavior, known from self-report, would still hold using objective data in a large population. Methods Sleep data was acquired using the SleepScore Max remote sleep sensor and included 168432 nights (2730 users, mean age: 46.6 +/- 11.8 years, 33% female, all resident in the USA). Analysis was restricted to those of working age; adults between 20-65. Any sleep which ended from Monday to Friday was considered weekday sleep, and any ending on Saturday or Sunday as weekend sleep. Data records were inspected and cleaned before analyzing. Descriptive statistics and independent t-tests were used to analyze the data. Results Total Sleep Time, Time In Bed and Sleep Onset Latencies were longer during weekend (TST: + 20.6 mins, TIB: +22.9 mins, SOL: +1.1 min, all p &amp;lt;0.001), resulting in a slightly poorer Sleep Efficiency (-.016%, p&amp;lt;0.01) for weekend nights. Time to bed and final awakening were both delayed in weekends as compared to weekdays (Time to bed +30.0 mins, and final awakening +53.4 mins, both p&amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion This big data analysis confirms the earlier observed difference in sleep and sleep behavior between weekdays and weekends. This should be considered for optimizing (automated) sleep interventions, that may not normally take the weekend effect into consideration. Support
Elevated Innate Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia Fails to Augment Irradiated Cercarial Vaccine-Induced Resistance to Schistosoma mansoni in IL-5 Transgenic Mice (1995)

Numerous factors contribute to host resistance to infection with Schistosoma mansoni. Although several studies have investigated the eosinophil as an effector cell of protective responses, its true role remains unclear. In vitro, human, but not mouse, eosinophils can kill schistosomula. Studies on schistosome infection susceptibility in naive or vaccinated eosinophil-deficient mice have yielded conflicting results. Using the gamma-irradiated cercariae (irr-cerc) model, we vaccinated interleukin (IL)-5 transgenic mice in parallel with background-matched controls (C3H/HeN) to examine whether innate eosinophilia contributes to increased protection from a challenge infection. In our laboratory, mean peripheral blood eosinophil (PBE) levels in IL-5 transgenic mice were 21,000 mm3, whereas in naive C3H/HeN mice this value was 240 mm3. In 3 separate experiments, both groups of vaccinated mice showed significant resistance to challenge infection. However, there was no significant difference in the percent worm reduction between transgenic IL-5 C3H mice (mean % protection = 44.3; range = 42-45%) and the control C3H/HeN mice (mean % protection = 51.7; range = 41-64%). Our findings indicate that high levels of innate PBE due to constitutive production of IL-5 do not augment irr-cerc-stimulated immunity.
Preface (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO BOOKPREVPrefaceNEXTPrefaceABHIMANYU O. PATILABHIMANYU O. PATILCorporate Research Laboratory Exxon Research and Engineering Company Route 22 East Annandale, NJ 08801More by ABHIMANYU O. PATIL, DONALD N. SCHULZDONALD N. SCHULZCorporate Research Laboratory Exxon Research and Engineering Company Route 22 East Annandale, NJ 08801More by DONALD N. SCHULZ, and BRUCE M. NOVAKBRUCE M. NOVAKDepartment of Polymer Science and Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003More by BRUCE M. NOVAKDOI: 10.1021/bk-1998-0704.pr001 This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MorePublication Date (Print):May 8, 1998Publication History Published online23 July 2009Published inprint 8 May 1998Request reuse permissions Copyright © 1998 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Functional Polymerspp xiii-xivACS Symposium SeriesVol. 704ISBN13: 9780841235779eISBN: 9780841216860Chapter Views201Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSChapter Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (156 KB) Get e-Alerts
Plasmon hybridization in nanoapertures for development of an efficient nanoantenna array (2009)

Extraordinary optical transmission through nanoholes has recently taken much interest for its promise to a wide range of applications. Enhancement of non-linear optical phenomena and the development of sensitive biosensors are among the leading ones. As a result of recent studies on the subject, it is now widely accepted that either the non-trivial interaction of the localized and extended surface plasmons or only the localized surface plasmons (for direct transmissions) are responsible from the extra-ordinary light transmission effect. On the other hand, there is little conceptual understanding for controlling the localized surface plasmonic behavior of the individual apertures and their coupling to the extended surface plasmons. In this letter, an intuitive and straightforward picture of the extra-ordinary light transmission phenomena is developed using basic antenna principles for the elementary plasmonic excitations and hybridization of these plasmonic excitations in complex nano-apertures. As an example, the model is successfully applied to explain the experimentally observed plasmonic response of the complex rectangular coaxial apertures. Experimentally measured red-shifting of the plasmonic resonances of the rectangular coaxial-apertures with respect to those of the simple rectangular aperture arrays are successfully described and the asymmetric nature of the plasmonic resonances are explained in relation to strong shape anisotropies. Further enhancement of the extra-ordinary light transmission is also predicted by the model and experimentally demonstrated by using rectangular coaxial aperture arrays as a result of significantly larger net dipole moment in the apertures. Model is also verified by rigorous 3D-FDTD calculations.
Genetically engineered multiband fractal antennas (2001)

Fractal antenna engineering concepts have been successfully combined with genetic algorithms to develop a powerful design optimisation tool. The genetic optimisation approach developed can simultaneously optimise the geometry of a fractal antenna, locations of loads, component values of loads, and projected length of the fractal antenna. The results suggest that a 30 to 55% size reduction can be achieved by optimising the fractalisation of a given antenna. The knowledge gained from this study is directly applicable to the design of miniature multiband fractal antennas.
The Feasibility of Anterior Thoracoscopic Spine Surgery in Children Under 30 Kilograms (2002)

Despite the decreased working space within the chest and difficulties of selective intubation, anterior thoracoscopic surgery for spinal release and fusion can be performed as safely in "small" children as in "large" children; however, additional intraoperative challenges should be anticipated. Although the outcomes were similar in the small thoracoscopic children compared to the small open children, the authors believe that very small patients (under 20 kg) should remain a relative contraindication to thoracoscopic surgery, especially during a surgeon's learning curve.
Constant-potential environment for activating and synchronizing cardiomyocyte colonies with on-chip ion-depleting perm-selective membranes (2020)

Correction for 'Constant-potential environment for activating and synchronizing cardiomyocyte colonies with on-chip ion-depleting perm-selective membranes' by Vivek Yadav <i>et al.</i>, <i>Lab Chip</i>, 2020, <b>20</b>, 4273-4284, DOI: 10.1039/D0LC00809E.
Extremely nondegenerate two-photon absorption in silicon (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Semiconductors have long been known to exhibit large two photon absorption (2PA) coefficients. It has also been shown that for extremely nondegenerate pairs of photons (energy ratios of approximately 10:1) the 2PA in direct gap semiconductors (e.g. GaAs, CdTe, ZnSe, ZnO, GaN) is enhanced over the degenerate value by up to 3 orders of magnitude. Silicon has always been a material of interest for photonics applications due to its low cost and possibility for integration with electronics, but its indirect bandgap provides a challenge since 2PA requires a phonon scattering process. Despite this, the degenerate 2PA in Silicon has been shown to be comparable to that of direct gap semiconductors with similar band gap energy. We present a model for nondegenerate 2PA (ND-2PA) in indirect semiconductors that is nearly identical to the direct gap theory with a phonon transition added as a perturbation step. We also experimentally investigate the enhancement of ND-2PA in Silicon for the extremely nondegenerate case using a femtosecond pump-probe arrangement. In these experiments, the transmittance of a tunable near infrared probe pulse is monitored in the presence of a mid-IR pump pulse generated by difference frequency generation while varying the relative delay between pump and probe pulses. Measurement results reveal that the 2PA enhancements due to nondegeneracy are similar to those seen in direct-gap semiconductors. As with direct gap semiconductors, these enhancements indicate the applicability of using nondegenerate 2PA as possible method for ultrafast, gated mid-IR detection using off-the-shelf Silicon photodiodes.
Bioconversion of AHX to AOH by resting cells of Burkholderia contaminans CH-1 (2016)

Fairy rings are zones of stimulated grass growth owing to the interaction between a fungus and a plant. We previously reported the discovery of two novel plant-growth regulating compounds related to forming fairy rings, 2-azahypoxanthine (AHX) and 2-aza-8-oxohypoxanthine (AOH). In this study, a bacterial strain CH-1 was isolated from an airborne-contaminated nutrient medium containing AHX. The strain converted AHX to AOH and identified as Burkholderia contaminans based on the gene sequence of its 16S rDNA. The quantitative production of AOH by resting cells of the strain was achieved. Among seven Burkholderia species, two bacteria and two yeasts tested, B. contaminans CH-1 showed the highest rate of conversion of AHX to AOH. By batch system, up to 10.6 mmol AHX was converted to AOH using the resting cells. The yield of this process reached at 91%.
Controlled Decongestion by Reprieve Therapy in Acute Heart Failure: Results of the TARGET-1 and TARGET-2 Studies (2019)

The Reprieve System in conjunction with diuretic therapy supports safe and controlled decongestion in AHF.
You Are Sitting on a Gold Mine! (2006)

The synthesis of peptides heavily based on C-alpha-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acids is a rather difficult task as the reactivity of these building blocks in amide bond formation is generally poor, which primarily results from the severe steric hindrance of the amino functionality. Nevertheless, such a synthetic approach is very relevant in view of the current extensive utilization of these peptides as membrane-active, antimicrobial, compounds and conformationally restricted, tunable, spacers and templates in modern organic and physical chemistry investigations. In this Account we discuss new mechanistic information, drawbacks, improvements, and successful results published over the years by a number of research groups with special emphasis on the problems encountered and (often) solved in our own journey through this fascinating field.
Re-expression of SMARCA4/BRG1 in small cell carcinoma of ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) promotes an epithelial-like gene signature through an AP-1-dependent mechanism (2020)

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) is a rare and aggressive form of ovarian cancer. SCCOHT tumors have inactivating mutations in <i>SMARCA4</i> (BRG1), one of the two mutually exclusive ATPases of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex. To address the role that BRG1 loss plays in SCCOHT tumorigenesis, we performed integrative multi-omic analyses in SCCOHT cell lines +/- BRG1 reexpression. BRG1 reexpression induced a gene and protein signature similar to an epithelial cell and gained chromatin accessibility sites correlated with other epithelial originating TCGA tumors. Gained chromatin accessibility and BRG1 recruited sites were strongly enriched for transcription-factor-binding motifs of AP-1 family members. Furthermore, AP-1 motifs were enriched at the promoters of highly upregulated epithelial genes. Using a dominant-negative AP-1 cell line, we found that both AP-1 DNA-binding activity and BRG1 reexpression are necessary for the gene and protein expression of epithelial genes. Our study demonstrates that BRG1 reexpression drives an epithelial-like gene and protein signature in SCCOHT cells that depends upon by AP-1 activity.
Proteomic Identification of Desmoglein 2 and Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule as Substrates of ADAM17 and ADAM10 by Difference Gel Electrophoresis (2006)

In contrast with the early view of metalloproteases as simple extracellular matrix-degrading entities, recent findings show that they are highly specific modulators of different signaling pathways involved, positively or negatively, in tumor development. Thus, before considering a given metalloprotease a therapeutic target, it seems advisable to characterize its function by identifying its repertoire of substrates. Here, we present a proteomic approach to identify ADAM17 substrates by difference gel electrophoresis. We found that the shedding of the extracellular domain of the transferrin receptor and those of two cell-cell adhesion molecules, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule (ALCAM) and desmoglein 2 (Dsg-2), is increased in cells overexpressing ADAM17. Genetic evidence shows that while ADAM17 is responsible for the shedding of ALCAM, both ADAM17 and ADAM10 can act on Dsg-2. Activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor leads to the upregulation of the shedding of Dsg-2 and to the concomitant upregulation of ADAM17, but not ADAM10, supporting the ability of overexpressed ADAM17 to shed Dsg-2. These results unveil a role of ADAM10 and ADAM17 in the shedding of cell-cell adhesion molecules. Since loss of cell adhesion is an early event in tumor development, these results suggest that ADAM17 is a useful target in anticancer therapy.
Bulk and Interfacial Behavior of Nano\-particle/Polymer Blends (2005)

We have investigated a model athermal system consisting of polystyrene (PS) nanoparticles (NPs) in PS melts. Neutron scattering shows that the chain dimensions expand in the presence of the NPs. We investigate this result theoretically using self-consistent PRISM theory, and also find an expansion in chain dimensions as a function of NP volume fraction. Recently it has been shown that nanoparticles can suppress dewetting in thin polymer films, a counterintuitive result since particles usually induce dewetting. Neutron reflectivity measurements have shown that the NPs phase separate to the surface, so one proposed mechanism for the inhibition of dewetting is that this segregation changes the surface energies. We calculate the density profiles for dilute NPs in polymer melts near a substrate using classical density functional theory, which shows that the NPs do indeed segregate to the surface.
Bit error probabilities in high temperature superconductor logic (2000)

We present error rate simulations for a single flux quantum logic circuit which include statistical variations in the circuit parameters. We find that the fabrication yield, junction critical margins, and bit error probabilities of the nominal circuit can give a false impression of the performance of practical circuits. For our study circuit, the toggle flipflop, we find that, although the standard figures of merit may vary only marginally with design rules, the average error rate can differ by a factor of 104. Furthermore, for a state-of-the-art technology, the error rates of different realizations of the same design actually span 10 orders of magnitude. These results highlight the inadequacy of current figures of merit to gauge the performance of high temperature superconductor designs.
Elutriation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.