gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of CF3 radicals on fused silica between 320 and 530 K (1986)

The reaction between CF3 radicals and silicon oxide (fused silica) surface was studied in a VLPΦ flow reactor (∼0.1–3 mTorr) as functions of surface temperature (320–530 K) and CF3 concentration. The CF3 radicals were generated from CF3I by CO2 laser photolysis, and the subsequent gas-phase reaction products were followed by mass spectroscopy. The surface reaction was found to yield CO, HF, CO2, COF2, and SiF4. It was found that H2O residing on the silicon oxide surface was largely responsible for the oxygen- and hydrogen-containing products, and that little etching of the SiO2 itself occurred under these conditions. The rates for the irreversible surface loss of CF3, and for the formation of CO were both first order with respect to [CF3]. These were found to be temperature dependent with Ea≂4.7 and 7.5 kcal/mol, respectively. The CF3 surface loss rate indicates that the sticking coefficient for this radical on quartz is between 0.0014–0.017 for the temperature range of this study.
Navigation in the presence of humans (2006)

Robot navigation in the presence of humans raises new issues for motion planning and control since the humans safety and comfort must be taken explicitly into account. We claim that a human-aware motion planner must not only elaborate safe robot paths, but also plan good, socially acceptable and legible paths. Our aim is to build a planner that takes explicitly into account the human partner by reasoning about his accessibility, his vision field and potential shared motions. This paper focuses on a navigation planner that takes into account the humans existence explicitly. This planner is part of a human-aware motion and manipulation planning and control system that we aim to develop in order to achieve motion and manipulation tasks in a collaborative way with the human. We are conducting research in a multidisciplinary perspective, (1) running user studies and (2) developing an algorithmic framework able to integrate knowledge acquired through the trials. We illustrate here a first step by implementing a human-friendly approach motion by the robot
Natural woody plant, Mallotus japonicus, as an ecological partner to transfer different pathotypic conidia of Oidium neolycopersici to greenhouse tomatoes (2013)

In our routine surveys for the powdery mildew disease in greenhouse tomatoes, we detected a new pathogen that forms pseudochains consisting of 12 conidia. To identify the original plant that dispersed this pathogen, wild plants infected with powdery mildew were monitored. The pathogen on Japanese mallotus, Mallotus japonicus, produced a similar type of pseudochain, and conidia were infectious to tomatoes. Inversely, the conidia on the tomato leaves infected M. japonicus. Infectivity assays and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)-based phylogenetic analyses indicated that the two pathogens on the tomato and M. japonicus were identical. These results suggest that the conidia on M. japonicus can be transmitted to greenhouse tomatoes. This work documents the ecological transmission of conidia between wild plants and greenhouse tomatoes
DT‐01–02: Exploratory analyses of regional human brain distribution of the PET tau tracer F18‐labeled T807 (AV‐1541) in subjects with normal cognitive function or cognitive impairment thought to be due to Alzheimer's disease (2013)

Recently, [F-18]-T807 was reported as having high affinity and selectivity to PHF-tau in brain sections from Alzheimer's disease patients (Xia et al, 2013). Chien et al, (2012) described initial imaging results in 6 subjects. We now have extended these initial observations. Ten subjects (6 F / 4 M; mean age 69) were recruited that were either cognitively normal (n=3) or had cognitive impairment of varying degrees thought to be due to Alzheimers Disease (AD; n=7). Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) scores ranged from 29 to 30 (mean = 29.7) and 7 to 29 (mean = 20.3), respectively. PET scanning consisted of dynamic (0–60 min) and static (80–100 min) scans after injection of approximately 10 mCi (370 MBq) iv [F-18]-T807 (AV-1541). Static PET scans were visually reviewed and also processed quantitatively by spatial normalization to MNI space and the AAL atlas. Cerebellum uptake was used as a visual and quantitative reference region for SUVr. Pearson's correlations examined possible relationships between [F-18]-T807 uptake and MMSE. Visually, the 3 cognitively normal subjects showed cortical uptake restricted to mesial temporal lobe regions only. In contrast, 6/7 of the cognitively impaired subjects had multiple focal areas of increased uptake (typically parts of lateral and medial temporal, lateral and medial parietal, and occipital lobes). The entire set of AAL regions for all subjects had SUVr range of 0.69 to 2.24. Intra-subject correlations of MMSE scores to mean and peak SUVr values were -0.75 (p=0.011) and -0.76 (p=0.011), respectively. Uptake in some regions, and combinations of regions, showed variably higher correlations to MMSE, up to r = -0.90. The observed patterns of regional [F-18]-T807 uptake are consistent with previous observations at autopsy in AD patients (levels and extent of tau deposits and neurofibrillary tangles correlating with cognitive decline) and non-affected elderly (mesial temporal lobe deposits in Braak stages I-II), and support [F-18]-T807 as a suitable PET tracer for quantification of PHF-tau in human brain. Further studies are important to replicate these results, to better understand the relationship of specific PET brain regions to cognitive function and to comprehensively study tau deposition across the lifespan.
Genetic Gains in Grain Yield Through Genomic Selection in Eight Bi‐parental Maize Populations under Drought Stress (2014)

ABSTRACT Genomic selection incorporates all the available marker information into a model to predict genetic values of breeding progenies for selection. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic gains in grain yield from genomic selection (GS) in eight bi‐parental maize populations under managed drought stress environments. In each population, 148 to 300 F 2:3 (C 0 ) progenies were derived and crossed to a single‐cross tester from a complementary heterotic group. The resulting testcrosses of each population were evaluated under two to four managed drought stress and three to four well‐watered conditions in different locations and genotyped with 191 to 286 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The top 10% families were selected from C 0 using a phenotypic selection index and were intermated to form C 1 . Selections both at C 1 and C 2 were based on genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs). The best lines from C 0 were also advanced using a pedigree selection scheme. For genetic gain studies, a total of 55 entries representing the eight populations were crossed to a single‐cross tester, and evaluated in four managed drought stress environments. Each population was represented by bulk seed containing equal amounts of seed of C 0 , C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , parents, F 1 s, and lines developed via pedigree selection. Five commercial checks were included for comparison. The average gain from genomic selection per cycle across eight populations was 0.086 Mg ha –1 . The average grain yield of C 3 –derived hybrids was significantly higher than that of hybrids derived from C 0 . Hybrids derived from C 3 produced 7.3% (0.176 Mg ha –1 ) higher grain yield than those developed through the conventional pedigree breeding method. The study demonstrated that genomic selection is more effective than pedigree‐based conventional phenotypic selection for increasing genetic gains in grain yield under drought stress in tropical maize.
Stable Radical Content and Anti-Radical Activity of Roasted Arabica Coffee: From In-Tact Bean to Coffee Brew (2015)

The roasting of coffee beans generates stable radicals within melanoidins produced by non-enzymatic browning. Roasting coffee beans has further been suggested to increase the antioxidant (AO) capacity of coffee brews. Herein, we have characterized the radical content and AO capacity of brews prepared from Coffea arabica beans sourced directly from an industrial roasting plant. In-tact beans exhibited electron paramagnetic resonance signals arising from Fe3+, Mn2+ and at least three distinct stable radicals as a function of roasting time, whose intensity changed upon grinding and ageing. In coffee brews, the roasting-induced radicals were harboured within the high molecular weight (> 3 kD) melanoidin-containing fraction at a concentration of 15 nM and was associated with aromatic groups within the melanoidins. The low molecular weight (< 3 kD) fraction exhibited the highest AO capacity using DPPH as an oxidant. The AO activity was not mediated by the stable radicals or by metal complexes within the brew. While other non-AO functions of the roasting-induced radical and metal complexes may be possible in vivo, we confirm that the in vitro antiradical activity of brewed coffee is dominated by low molecular weight phenolic compounds.
Cyclic AMP inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells in defined medium. (1984)

Three well-characterized human breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7, T47D and Cama-1, have been grown in defined medium in the absence of serum. Under these conditions, the growth of these cells was inhibited by a variety of cyclic AMP elevating agents, including cholera toxin, monobutyryl cyclic AMP, bromo-cyclic AMP, prostaglandin E2, and 1-methyl-3-isobutyryl xanthine. This inhibitory effect of cyclic AMP on breast cancer cells contrasts with the stimulation of proliferation induced by elevation of intra-cellular cyclic AMP in normal human mammary epithelial cells. Such a major perturbation of growth control may arise either as a result of malignant change, or may reflect a difference in the differentiation phenotype of normal and malignant human mammary epithelial cells in vitro.
Dose-Response to Bronchodilator Delivered by Metered-Dose Inhaler in Ventilator-Supported Patients (1996)

In nonintubated patients, metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are accepted as the most convenient, efficient, and cost effective method of administering inhaled bronchodilators. Recent studies have demonstrated the efficacy of MDIs in ventilator-supported patients; however, the optimal dose of a bronchodilator from a MDI is unknown. We determined the response to increasing doses of albuterol administered by a MDI and cylindrical spacer to 12 mechanically ventilated patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Four, eight, and 16 puffs of albuterol were given at 15-min intervals. Rapid airway occlusion were performed before and at 5-min intervals after albuterol for 80 min. Respiratory mechanics were also measured for 60 min in another group of seven patients with COPD who received four puffs of albuterol. Significant decrease in airways resistance occurred after administration of albuterol (p < 0.001). The decrease in airway resistance with four puffs of albuterol was comparable to that observed with cumulative doses of 12 puffs (p = 0.12) and 28 puffs (p = 0.25). Heart rate increased significantly (p < 0.01) after a cumulative dose of 28 puffs. The decrease in airway resistance was sustained for 60 min in the group that received only four puffs of albuterol (p < 0.003). In conclusion, four puffs of albuterol given by a MDI and spacer provided the best combination of bronchodilator effect and safety in stable mechanically ventilated patients with COPD.
α-Hemolysin of uropathogenic E. coli regulates NLRP3 inflammasome activation and mitochondrial dysfunction in THP-1 macrophages (2020)

Hemolysin expressing UPEC strains have been associated with severe advanced kidney pathologies, such as cystitis and pyelonephritis, which are associated with an inflammatory response. Macrophages play an important role in regulating an inflammatory response during a urinary tract infection. We have studied the role of purified recombinant α-hemolysin in inducing inflammatory responses and cell death in macrophages. Acylation at lysine residues through HlyC is known to activate proHlyA into a fully functional pore-forming toxin, HlyA. It was observed that active α-hemolysin (HlyA) induced cleavage of caspase-1 leading to the maturation of IL-1β, while inactive α-hemolysin (proHlyA) failed to do so in THP-1 derived macrophages. HlyA also promotes deubiquitination, oligomerization, and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which was found to be dependent on potassium efflux. We have also observed the co-localization of NLRP3 within mitochondria during HlyA stimulations. Moreover, blocking of potassium efflux improved the mitochondrial health in addition to a decreased inflammatory response. Our study demonstrates that HlyA stimulation caused perturbance in potassium homeostasis, which led to the mitochondrial dysfunction followed by an acute inflammatory response, resulting in cell death. However, the repletion of intracellular potassium stores could avoid HlyA induced macrophage cell death. The findings of this study will help to understand the mechanism of α-hemolysin induced inflammatory response and cell death.
<title>Update of the midcourse space experiment (MSX) satellite measurements of contaminant films using QCMs</title> (2000)

The Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX) satellite was launched on April 24, 1996. This paper provides an update of the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) data accumulated over these last four years in space. The MSX is the only known experiment that has provided continuous contamination monitoring for such an extended length of time. The five QCMs on board the satellite have provided on-orbit data that have been invaluable in characterizing contamination levels around the spacecraft and inside the cryogenic Spatial Infrared Imaging Telescope (SPIRIT 3). One of the QCMs, the cryogenic QCM (CQCM), located internal to SPIRIT 3, was mounted adjacent to the primary mirror and provided contamination accretion measurements during the 10-month lifetime of SPIRIT 3. Real- time monitoring of contaminant mass deposition on the primary mirror was provided by this CQCM which was cooled to the same temperature as the mirror - approximately 20K. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) on the CQCM provided insight into the amount and species of contaminants condensed on the SPIRIT 3 primary mirror during various spacecraft activities. The four temperature-controlled QCMs (TQCMs) were mounted on external surfaces of the spacecraft for monitoring spacecraft contamination deposition. The TQCMs operated at approximately -50$DEGC and were positioned strategically to monitor the silicone and organic contaminant flux arriving at specific locations. Updated time histories of contaminant thickness deposition for each of the QCMs are presented. Gradual contaminant thickness increase was observed during the first year in space. During the second year, the QCM frequencies (contaminant film thickness) began to decrease, with the time of onset depending on QCM location. Possible explanationsfor this interesting behavior are discussed.
Interleukin-2-based immunotherapy for the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: an analysis of 203 consecutively treated patients. (1997)

This analysis demonstrated that rIL-2-based therapy offers a significant survival benefit to patients with advanced metastatic renal cell carcinoma, compared with historical controls. Furthermore, we have shown that nephrectomy > 6 months prior to rIL-2 therapy and nephrectomy followed by treatment with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes/rIL-2 +/- interferon-alpha was associated with the greatest survival benefit. Tumor response to rIL-2-based therapy and time from nephrectomy to treatment were the most important predictors of survival. Randomized studies in a large group of patients are needed to confirm these observations.
Homozygosity Mapping Using Pooled DNA (1997)

Genomic screening is a common and popular method for localizing human disease genes. Genotyping each individual sample can be a laborintensive and expensive process. This unit describes the technique of pooling DNA from many related affected individuals, genotyping the resulting pools, and scoring the results. This technique can greatly reduce the effort required to screen for genetic linkage and is particularly useful when applied to inbred populations. The unit includes a table showing a pool of human STRP markers developed by the Cooperative Human Linkage Center.
A Novel Radon Transform and AR Model in Crack Detection (2015)

Aiming at the peak extraction problem in the radon space, a peak extraction method based on AR model is proposed to detect component crack value. A profile analysis technique is used to take profile in Radon space and reconstruct profile with AR model to get a sharp and prominent peak for crack value extraction. Intensive experiments have shown that the proposed method is effective in estimating the component crack and lessening peak extraction difficulty.
Serum Antibody Response to Lytic and Latent Epstein-Barr Virus Antigens in Undifferentiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients from an Area of Nonendemicity (2007)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharyngeal type (UCNT) is highly prevalent in southeast China, where immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibodies to viral capsid antigen and early antigen (EA) represent important markers, routinely used to assist in diagnosing this malignancy. Our study aimed at determining the EBV serological profiles of 78 UCNT patients from Italy, an area of nonendemicity for this tumor, using different assays specific for both lytic and latent EBV antigens. Serum IgA against both EA and EBNA1 and IgG and IgA to the latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1), to EA, and to the EBV transactivator ZEBRA protein were assessed. These serological responses were then evaluated according to the clinicopathologic parameters at diagnosis. The sensitivities of the IgG assays were 37.7% for LMP1, 73.6% for EA, and 61.0% for ZEBRA. EA/EBNA1 IgA reactivity was 84.4%, and a high association (odds ratio [OR], 2.6; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.7 to 4.0) with UCNT was observed. When EBV serological reactivities were analyzed according to the tumor, node, and metastasis staging system (TNM), a statistically significant association was found between N stage and IgG antibody rates for EA (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 10.9) and ZEBRA (OR, 2.6; 95% CI, 1.2 to 5.5) and between M stage and IgG antibody rates for ZEBRA (OR, 7.1; 95% CI, 3.2 to 16.0) and LMP1 (OR, 14.0; 95% CI, 1.8 to 110.9). Our results show that no single serological marker allows the detection of all UCNT cases. EA/EBNA1 IgA represents a reliable marker for diagnosis, with a high predictive value also in areas where UCNT is not endemic, such as Italy. The analysis of serological results according to TNM classification is consistent with a progressive impairment of humoral immune response to EBV as the disease advances and may be used to improve the accuracy of diagnosis.
MRM (2013)

Computing-as-a-service has been evolving steadily. Today, private clouds (e.g., Google's internal shared computing cluster) as well as public clouds (e.g., Amazon's web services (AWS), Microsoft's Azure) provide computing abstractions at various levels: bare virtual machines, specialized languages and runtimes (e.g., for massively-parallel data processing---MapReduce, Dryad), web services. For example, Amazon offers bare virtual machines as well as MapReduce clusters.
Abstract 4501: Loss of miR-21 delays myc-driven prostate cancer progression in the hi-myc transgenic mouse model (2019)

Abstract Introduction and Objectives: MicroRNA 21 (miR-21) is overexpressed in virtually all types of cancers including prostate cancer (PCa). We have previously reported that the androgen receptor (AR) induces miR-21 expression, and that elevated miR-21 is sufficient to drive PCa growth and castration resistance. However, the role of miR-21 in PCa initiation and progression has not been fully elucidated. To determine if the absence of miR-21 inhibits or delays prostate cancer incidence or progression, we crossed miR-21 KO mice with Hi-Myc mice. In this study, we identify that loss of miR-21 delays Myc-driven prostate cancer progression in the Hi-Myc transgenic mouse model. Methods: miR-21 KO mice were backcrossed to FVB mice to generation F10. Resulting miR-21 WT or KO FVB progeny were crossed with Hi-Myc mice to generate Hi-Myc/miR-21 WT or KO mice. Prostates were harvested at 4 weeks (n=10), 3 months (n=10), 5 months (n=58), 6 months (n=25), 8 months (n=20) of age and prostate weight, histology, miR-21 expression levels and protein expression levels were quantified. Proliferation and apoptosis were examined by immunohistochemistry using Ki-67 and cleaved caspase-3. Results: Cancerous prostates of Hi-Myc mice showed high miR-21 expression at 5m and 8m, when compared to FVB controls, suggesting high miR-21 expression in the Myc-driven prostate cancer. Hi-Myc/miR-21 KO mice demonstrated a marked reduction in adenocarcinoma when compared to Hi-Myc/miR-21 WT mice at 5m. This is apparent in the reduced weight of effected prostate lobes of Hi-Myc/miR-21 KO versus WT mice at 8m. Protein levels of established miR-21 target genes, PDCD4 and PTEN, were up-regulated in the prostates of Hi-Myc/miR-21 KO mice. Also, IHC showed lower Ki-67 and higher cleaved caspase-3 positive cells in miR-21 KO than WT. However, miR-21 KO did not affect prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) development. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that miR-21 delays Myc-driven prostate cancer progression through reduced proliferation and enhanced apoptosis, and that endogenous miR-21 suppresses prostatic PDCD4 and PTEN protein expression levels. Therefore, targeting of miR-21 or its downstream target genes may be useful for cancer prevention or cancer therapy. Citation Format: Kenji Zennami, Fatima Rafiqi, Ross Liao, Kim Sealover, Brian Simons, Makoto Sumitomo, Ryoichi Shiroki, Shawn Lupold. Loss of miR-21 delays myc-driven prostate cancer progression in the hi-myc transgenic mouse model [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 4501.
Measuring and modeling package interconnects using vector network analyzers and time domain transforms (1998)

The design of electronic packaging interconnects requires precise knowledge of the RF performance in an end use environment. Separating the effects of test fixtures and measurement error from the actual interconnect performance has been a difficult prospect. Vector network analyzers have the capability of measuring the reflection coefficient, or return loss, of a device, then applying an inverse Fourier transform to obtain a time domain response of the device. This response, similar to a time domain reflectometer trace, can be manipulated to remove the unwanted responses of fixtures and transitions, generating a true picture of the desired interconnect frequency response. While this technique has been demonstrated using microwave network analyzers, it can be applied to lower cost RF network analyzers if care is used on designing and calibrating test fixtures.