gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monoclinic Sr1–xNaxSiO3–0.5x: New Superior Oxide Ion Electrolytes (2013)

Oxide ion electrolytes determine the temperature of operation of solid oxide fuel cells, oxygen separation membranes, and oxygen sensors. There is a strong incentive to lower their operating temperatures, in a solid oxide fuel cell, for example, from Top > 800 °C to Top ≈ 500 °C. The use of low-cost Na(+) rather than K(+) as the dopant in monoclinic SrSiO3 (C12/C1) is shown to provide a larger solid solution range (0 < x ≤ 0.45) in Sr1-xNaxSiO3-0.5x and to achieve an oxide ion conductivity σo ≥ 10(-2) S·cm(-1) by 525 °C as a result of lowering the temperature of a smooth transition to full disorder of the mobile oxide ions. The Sr1-xNaxSiO3-0.5x electrolytes are much less hygroscopic than Sr1-xKxSiO3-0.5x and are stable with a nickel composite anode in 5% H2/Ar as well as with cathodes such as La1-xSrxMnO3-δ and Sr0.7Y0.3CoO3-δ in air, which makes them candidate electrolytes for intermediate-temperature solid oxide fuel cells or for other applications of oxide ion electrolytes.
Enhanced nonlinear response in picosecond opticalpulsetransmission through a microcavity containing InGaAs/AlGaAs MQWabsorbers (1994)

The optical pulse height dependence of transmittance was measured for a GaAs/AlAs DBR microcavity containing compressively strained InGaAs/AlGaAs MQW absorbers. Change in transmittance due to the combined effect of nonlinear etalon and enhanced bleaching was observed without shape degradation for a 3.8 ps pulse.
Model-based DRC for design and process integration (2005)

Accurately and efficiently verifying the device layout is a crucial step in semiconductor manufacturing. A single missed design violation carries the potential for a disastrous and avoidable yield loss. Typically, design rule checking (DRC) is accomplished by validating drawn layout geometries against pre-determined rules, the specifics of which are derived empirically or from lithographic first principles. These checks are intrinsically rigid, and, taken together, a set of DRC rules only approximate the manufacturable design space in the crudest manner. Process-specific effects are entirely neglected. But for leading-edge technologies, process variations significantly impact the manufacturability of a design, so traditional DRC becomes increasingly difficult to implement, or worse, speciously inaccurate. Fortunately, the rise of Optical Proximity Correction (OPC) has given manufacturers a means to accurately model optical and process effects, and, therefore, an opportunity to introduce this information into the layout validation flow. We demonstrate an enhanced, full-chip DRC technique, which utilizes process models to locate marginal or bad design features and classify them according to severity.
Field Experiment of 112 Gb/s Dual-Carrier DQPSK Signal Transmission with Automatic Bias Control of Optical IQ Modulator (2013)

We demonstrate a simple and cost-effective automatic bias control scheme of quadrature modulator for advanced modulation formats, and confirm its performances in field transmission of 112 Gb/s dual-carrier DQPSK signal over 797-km of installed fiber.
Presence of D-Alanine in an Endopeptidase from Streptococcus pyogenes (2003)

D-amino acids are commonly found in peptide antibiotics and the cell wall peptidoglycan of bacterial cell walls but have not been identified in proteins or enzymes. Here we report the presence of 6-7 A-alanine residues in an endopeptidase of Streptococcus pyogenes, a unique enzyme involved in surface protein attachment that we term LPXTGase. Using D-amino acid oxidase coupled with catalase for the deamination of D-alanine to pyruvic acid (a conversion unique to D-alanine), we were able to identify [14C]pyruvic acid in a [14C]alanine-labeled preparation of purified LPXTGase, which represents 27% of the amino acid composition. Because D-amino acids are not accommodated in ribosomal peptide synthesis, these results suggest that the same process used in assembling peptide antibiotics or a yet unidentified mechanism may synthesize the core protein of this endopeptidase.
Escherichia coli expression vectors containing a protein kinase recognition motif, His6-tag and hemagglutinin epitope (1995)

Escherichia coli expression vectors, based on the pET system, were constructed to allow fusion of a protein kinase (PK) recognition motif, a hemagglutinin (HG) epitope-tag and a His6-tag at the N-terminal portion of a protein of interest. The fusion proteins, that result from expression using these vectors, can be phosphorylated in vitro using cAMP-dependent PK, immunoprecipitated using monoclonal antibody against the HG-epitope, and can be rapidly purified using a Ni2+ column.
Patterns of Genetic Variation in the Hypertension Candidate Gene GRK4: Ethnic Variation and Haplotype Structure (2005)

Association studies using single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have the potential to help unravel the genetic basis of hypertension. Nevertheless, to date, association studies of hypertension have yielded ambiguous results. It is becoming clear that such association studies must be interpreted within the context of the genetic structure of the populations being studied, and patterns of variation within specific genomic regions. With this in mind we analyzed genetic variation in the G protein-coupled receptor kinase 4 (GRK4) gene, a gene whose product has recently been shown to inhibit the dopamine receptor D1 (DRD1) from increasing sodium excretion. We genotyped three previously identified GRK4 SNPs, as well as ten additional SNPs, over 71.6 kb of the GRK4 locus in four populations: African Americans, Asians, Hispanics and Caucasians. Haplotype structure varied among populations, with Hispanics and Caucasians having the most linkage disequilibrium (LD) among SNPs. African Americans had three shorter haplotype blocks, while patterns of markers in the Asian populations demonstrated less LD among markers, a pattern inconsistent with block structure. We observed limited haplotype diversity in each of the four populations, with differing haplotype frequencies among the ethnic groups. We also found substantial evidence for population differentiation, with the largest differences between the African-American and Asian samples with F(ST) values in the upper 90(th) percentile when compared to a genome-wide distribution. However, for all population comparisons, F(ST) values decreased sharply in the 3' region of the gene. This pattern of differentiation among populations is consistent with selection in this part of the gene maintaining similar patterns of variation among otherwise divergent populations. Our results document not only different allele frequencies between populations, but differences in haplotype structure that may be important in evaluating association studies between hypertension and GRK4.
Heterogeneous Catalytic Conversion of Dry Syngas to Ethanol and Higher Alcohols on Cu-Based Catalysts (2011)

Ethanol and higher alcohols have been identified as potential fuel additives or hydrogen carriers for use in fuel cells. One method of ethanol production is catalytic conversion of syngas (a mixture of CO, H2, CO2, and H2O), derived from biomass, coal, or natural gas. Thermodynamics of CO hydrogenation shows that ethanol is favored as the sole product at conditions of practical interest, but if methane is allowed as product in this analysis, essentially no ethanol is formed at equilibrium. The kinetics of ethanol formation must therefore be maximized. Although rhodium-based catalysts give C2+ oxygenates with high selectivity, their prohibitive cost has spurred research on less expensive copper-based alternatives. Copper-based catalysts require an optimum amount of promoter to suppress undesired reactions and maximize the yields of ethanol and higher alcohols. Common promoters include alkali, transition metals and their oxides, and rare earth oxides. Careful selection of operating variables is also necessary to achieve the desired activity and selectivity. This review describes the effects of promoters, supports, and operating conditions on the performance of copper-based catalysts for conversion of dry syngas to ethanol and higher alcohols. Proposed mechanisms from the literature for ethanol and higher-alcohol synthesis are outlined.
Trust Management in Swarm-Based Autonomic Computing Systems (2009)

Trust management techniques must be adapted to the unique needs of the system architectures and problem domains to which they are applied. Certain characteristics of swarms, such as their lightweight, ephemeral nature and indirect communication, make this adaptation especially challenging. In this paper we look at the trust issues and opportunities in swarm-based autonomic computing systems and find that by monitoring the trustworthiness of the autonomic managers rather than the swarming sensors, the trust management problem becomes much more scalable and still serves to protect the swarm. We also analyze the applicability of trust management research as it has been applied to architectures with similar characteristics. Finally, we specify required characteristics for trust management mechanisms to be used to monitor the trustworthiness of the entities in a swarm-based autonomic computing system.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of a Novel Class of HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors Containing a Heterocyclic P1′‐P2′ Amide Bond Isostere. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Mg-Al-Ca-Sm Alloys at High Temperature (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
A Theory of Pattern Rejection (1995)

The efficiency of pattern recognition is critical when a large number of classes are to be discriminated, or when the recognition algorithm needs to be applied a large number of times. We propose and analyze a general technique, namely pattern rejection, that results in efficient pattern recognition. Rejectors are introduced as algorithms that can very quickly eliminate from further consideration most classes or inputs (depending on the setting). Rejectors may be combined to form composite rejectors, which are more e ective than any single rejector. Composite rejectors are analyzed and conditions derived which guarantee both efficiency and practicality. A general technique is proposed for the construction of composite rejectors, based on a single assumption about the classes. The generality of this assumption is shown through its connection with the Karhunen-Loeve expansion. A relation of pattern rejection with Fisher's discriminant analysis is also shown. Composite rejectors were constructed for two applications, namely, object recognition and local feature detection. In both cases, a substantial improvement in efficiency over existing techniques was found.
Test Level 2 Guardrail-to-Bridge Rail Transition Compatible with 31-in. Guardrail (2013)

Many state departments of transportation are in the process of updating their guardrail standards to comply with the AASHTO Manual for Assessing Safety Hardware (MASH) and guidance issued by FHWA on guardrail height. A key feature of the new systems is an increase in rail mounting height from 27 in. to 31 in. A common application of guardrails is shielding motorists from hazards at bridge approaches, including the end of the bridge rail. When a flexible-approach guardrail is attached to a rigid bridge rail, a transition section is needed to transition the stiffness properly from one system to another. A nested thrie beam transition system has been successfully tested to MASH guidelines and is compatible with a 31-in.-approach guardrail. However, it is cost-prohibitive to use this high-speed, Test Level 3 transition on all roadways. A low-cost transition was successfully evaluated under NCHRP Report 350 Test Level 2 (TL-2) impact conditions for use on lower-speed roadways. However, this TL-2 W-beam transition is 27 in. tall and is not compatible with the new 31-in. guardrail systems. This paper describes a new low-cost guardrail-to-bridge rail transition that was successfully developed and tested under MASH TL-2 conditions. The transition is compatible with new 31-in. guardrails and can connect to rigid concrete bridge rails. The transition is considered suitable for implementation on roadways that have traffic conditions appropriate for the use of TL-2 safety hardware. Use of this system would provide significant savings in both material and installation costs compared with high-speed transition systems.
EPSP Synthase: The Design and Synthesis of Bisubstrate Inhibitors Incorporating Novel 3-Phosphate Mimics (1993)

Abstract Novel aromatic bisubstrate inhibitors of the enzyme EPSP (5-enolpyruvoylshikimate-3-phosphate) synthase (EC 2.5.1.19) have been designed and synthesized as structural analogs of the single, catalytic intermediate 1 utilized by the enzyme. These aromatic inhibitors incorporate novel α-hydroxyphosphonates, malonate ethers and α-hydroxymalonates as replacements for the hydrolytically labile 3-phosphate group. These 3-phosphate mimics were much preferred to the corresponding methylene and vinylic phosphonates, malonates and phosphonomethyl ethers.
Aerodynamic Influences on Nasal Nitric Oxide Output Measurements (1999)

Nitric oxide (NO) concentration in aspirated nasal air is flow-dependent. Nasal NO outputs calculated from steady-state plateaux at flows < 1 l/min are substantially smaller than those at flows > 2 l/min. This study aimed to determine the differences in NO output as calculated from the NO concentration plateaux in aspirated nasal air, resulting from different aspiration flows. Nasal NO was determined by chemiluminescent analysis of air obtained from the nasal passages in series during velopharyngeal closure in 8 healthy adults (flows: 0.2-3.7 l/min) and 5 with symptomatic allergic rhinitis (flows: 0.2-3.7 l/min). Mean NO output in the healthy subjects was stable at approximately 315 nl/l/min at flows of 0.2-0.7 l/min, and increased to a second steady output level of approximately 400 nl/l/min (+28%, p < 0.0001) at more physiological flow rates of 2.7 l/min and higher. The symptomatic subjects had substantially higher NO output at all flows (p < 0.001) (709.3 nl/min at 3.7 l/min) than the non-allergic subjects. The flow dependency of the nasal NO output may be explained by failure at low flows for the air stream to penetrate the peripheral parts of the complex nasal passages, and by the presence of a laminar flow regime in which a marginal lamina would tend to insulate the main stream from the mucosa. Thus, previously reported NO outputs obtained at low flows may underestimate nasal NO output compared to output at higher and more physiological transnasal airflow rates, thus affecting interpretation of results.
TLI and ATG conditioning with low risk of graft-versus-host disease retains antitumor reactions after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation from related and unrelated donors (2009)

A hematopoietic cell transplantation regimen was adapted from a preclinical model that used reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) and protected against graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) by skewing residual host T-cell subsets to favor regulatory natural killer T cells. One hundred eleven patients with lymphoid (64) and myeloid (47) malignancies received RIC using total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) and antithymocyte globulin (ATG) followed by the infusion of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor-mobilized grafts. Included were 34 patients at least 60 years of age, 32 patients at high risk of lymphoma relapse after disease recurrence following prior autologous transplantation, and 51 patients at high risk of developing GVHD due to lack of a fully human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matched related donor. Durable chimerism was achieved in 97% of patients. Cumulative probabilities of acute GVHD (grades II-IV) were 2 and 10% of patients receiving related and unrelated donor grafts. Nonrelapse mortality (NRM) at 1 year was less than 4%. Cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD was 27%. The 36-month probability of overall and event-free survival was 60% and 40%, respectively. Disease status at start of conditioning and the level of chimerism achieved after transplantation significantly impacted clinical outcome. The high incidence of sustained remission among patients with active disease at time of transplantation suggests retained graft-versus-tumor reactions. Active trial registration currently at clinicaltrials.gov under IDs of NCT00185640 and NCT00186615.
EXTH-74. IND-ENABLING CHARACTERIZATION OF DUAL DRD2- AND ClpP-TARGETING AGENT ONC206 AS THE NEXT IMIPRIDONE FOR CLINICAL NEURO-ONCOLOGY (2020)

Abstract ONC201 is the first bitopic antagonist of dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and allosteric mitochondrial protease ClpP agonist, that is well tolerated and induces durable tumor regressions in H3 K27M-mutant glioma patients. ONC206, a derivative of ONC201, is also a bitopic DRD2 antagonist that exhibits enhanced non-competitive effects, nanomolar potency, and disruption of DRD2 homodimers. In these studies, a FITC-casein degradation assay revealed that ONC206 also acts as an agonist of human ClpP and has a 3-fold improved potency. GEPIA database analysis showed ClpP mRNA was overexpressed in glioblastoma cells relative to normal cells. Broad nanomolar efficacy of ONC206 (GI50 &amp;lt; 78-889nM, 72h) was observed in &amp;gt;1,000 GDSC cancer cell lines with the highest sensitivity in cell lines exhibiting high ClpP and/or DRD2+/DRD5- RNA expression signatures. Among solid tumors, nervous system related cell lines were particularly sensitive. ONC206 reduced the viability of normal human fibroblasts at higher doses (GI50 &amp;gt; 5µM), suggesting a wide therapeutic window. Antitumor efficacy without body weight loss was observed with 50 mg/kg weekly oral ONC206 in a subcutaneous xenograft model of DRD2-overexpressing, dopamine-secreting tumor cells. Oral ONC206 at 50mg/kg exhibited a ~12 µM plasma Cmax and ~6 hours terminal half-life in Sprague-Dawley rats. Additionally, 5–10 fold higher ONC206 concentrations were observed in adrenal gland, bile duct, brain and bone marrow relative to plasma. GLP toxicology studies with weekly oral ONC206 in Sprague-Dawley rats and beagle dogs revealed no dose-limiting toxicities. Mild and reversible body weight changes were observed at the highest evaluated dose in both species. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was ≥ 16.7 mg/kg in dogs and ≥ 50 mg/kg in rats that exceed efficacious doses. A 50 mg starting dose of ONC206 was selected for the first-in-human open label, dose escalation, and food effect Phase I study in biomarker-enriched adult recurrent primary CNS tumors.
Human CD1c+ DCs drive the differentiation of CD103+ intraepithelial CD8+ T cells via TGF beta (48.12) (2012)

Abstract Mucosa is a major site of invasion and replication of pathogens, including influenza virus. However, our understanding of cellular immune responses and their regulation at mucosal sites in the human is limited due to inherent difficulties in assessing cellular interactions using ex vivo systems. Here we analyzed the response of human myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) to live-attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) and the type of CD8+ T cell responses that were generated using human lung tissue samples and humanized mice. Upon LAIV inoculation, the number of CD1c+ (BDCA-1) DCs in the lungs had increased by 16 hours; whereas the number of CD141+ (BDCA-3) remained stable up to three days post inoculation. Both DC subsets acquire flu antigens in vivo and expand specific memory CD8+ T cells ex vivo. However, at an early time point CD141+ DCs are more efficient in expanding CD8+ effector T cells. CD1c+ DCs are able to expand CD8+ T cells at a later time point, and they uniquely expand CD8+ T cells expressing CD103, a receptor for the epithelial cell-specific E-cadherin. CD1c+ DCs induce CD103+CD8+ T cells with the characteristics of cytotoxic intraepithelial T cells owing to the expression of membrane TGF-β. Our results suggest that lung-resident CD141+ DCs launch the effector response early after viral exposure while the role of migratory CD1c+ DCs is to retain the T cells in the epithelium. Thus, myeloid DCs have a major role in the regulation and expansion of memory T cells in mucosa.
Predictive Control of AC–AC Modular Multilevel Converters (2011)

Multilevel converters can reach medium-voltage operation increasing the efficiency of high-power applications. Among the existing multilevel converter topologies, the modular multilevel converter (MMC) provides the advantages of high modularity, availability, and high power quality. Moreover, the main advantage compared to cascaded multilevel converters is the lack of an input transformer which results in a reduction of cooling requirements, size, and cost. One of the drawbacks of this topology when used as an ac-ac converter is the input and output frequency components in the control loop, resulting in a more complex controller design. In this paper, a single-phase ac-ac MMC predictive control approach is proposed. The controller minimizes the input, output, and circulating current errors and balances the dc voltages. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed predictive control scheme.
ChemInform Abstract: A Study on the Syntheses of 1,4‐Oxathiins (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhanced recovery pathways as a way to reduce surgical morbidity (2012)

Enhanced recovery adoption is likely to continue to grow (range of specialties and penetration within specialties). This progression is supported by the available published data.
The apo-structure of the leucine sensor Sestrin2 is still elusive (2016)

Sestrin2 is a GATOR2-interacting protein that directly binds leucine and is required for the inhibition of mTORC1 under leucine deprivation, indicating that it is a leucine sensor for the mTORC1 pathway. We recently reported the structure of Sestrin2 in complex with leucine [Protein Data Bank (PDB) ID, 5DJ4] and demonstrated that mutations in the leucine-binding pocket that alter the affinity of Sestrin2 for leucine result in a corresponding change in the leucine sensitivity of mTORC1 in cells. A lower resolution structure of human Sestrin2 (PDB ID, 5CUF), which was crystallized in the absence of exogenous leucine, showed Sestrin2 to be in a nearly identical conformation as the leucine-bound structure. On the basis of this observation, it has been argued that leucine binding does not affect the conformation of Sestrin2 and that Sestrin2 may not be a sensor for leucine. We show that simple analysis of the reported “apo”-Sestrin2 structure reveals the clear presence of prominent, unmodeled electron density in the leucine-binding pocket that exactly accommodates the leucine observed in the higher resolution structure. Refining the reported apo-structure with leucine eliminated the large F[subscript obs]-F[subscript calc] difference density at this position and improved the working and free R factors of the model. Consistent with this result, our own structure of Sestrin2 crystallized in the absence of exogenous leucine also contained electron density that is best explained by leucine. Thus, the structure of apo-Sestrin2 remains elusive.