gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Allopurinol does not enhance antioxidant properties of extracellular fluid (1988)

Allopurinol has been shown to provide significant protection against ischemia/reperfusion-induced microvascular and parenchymal cell injury. It has been hypothesized that the protection seen with allopurinol after ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is caused by inhibition of xanthine oxidase. However, recent reports suggest that the beneficial effects of allopurinol in I/R may be caused by direct free radical scavenging. The objective of this study was to determine whether the regimen of allopurinol administration used in most I/R studies leads to a significant modification of the free radical scavenging properties of extracellular fluid (ECF), i.e., plasma and lymph. Plasma and intestinal lymph samples obtained from both control and allopurinol-treated cats were used to assess the following: 1) allopurinol and oxypurinol concentrations, 2) xanthine oxidase inhibition, 3) myoglobin-catalyzed linolenic acid peroxidation, 4) hypochlorous acid scavenging, and 5) protein and nonprotein sulfhydryl content. ECF from allopurinol-treated animals contained approximately 10 microM each of allopurinol and oxypurinol. Ten percent ECF resulted in 80% inhibition of xanthine oxidase activity. Comparable volumes of control ECF did not inhibit xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, allopurinol treatment did not enhance the antioxidant properties of ECF. The results of this study do not support the contention that the beneficial effects of allopurinol in I/R injury are caused by the scavenging of oxidants produced in ECF by activated granulocytes.
The .sigma. and .pi. interactions of the carbonyl ligand determined from single-crystal polarized electronic spectroscopy and ligand field theory (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe .sigma. and .pi. interactions of the carbonyl ligand determined from single-crystal polarized electronic spectroscopy and ligand field theoryTsu Hsin Chang and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 3, 692–698Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00237a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00237a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views169Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A dynamic programming approach for automatic stride detection and segmentation in acoustic emission from the knee (2017)

We study the acquisition and analysis of sounds generated by the knee during walking with particular focus on the effects due to osteoarthritis. Reliable contact instant estimation is essential for stride synchronous analysis. We present a dynamic programming based algorithm for automatic estimation of both the initial contact instants (ICIs) and last contact instants (LCIs) of the foot to the floor. The technique is designed for acoustic signals sensed at the patella of the knee. It uses the phase-slope function to generate a set of candidates and then finds the most likely ones by minimizing a cost function that we define. ICIs are identified with an RMS error of 13.0% for healthy and 14.6% for osteoarthritic knees and LCIs with an RMS error of 16.0% and 17.0% respectively.
Natural killer cells in non-hematopoietic malignancies (2012)

Natural killer (NK) cells belong to the innate immune system and were initially described functionallywise by their spontaneous cytotoxic potential against transformed or virus-infected cells. A delicate balance between activating and inhibiting receptors regulates NK cell tolerance. A better understanding of tissue resident NK cells, of NK cell maturation stages and migration patterns has evolved allowing a thoughtful evaluation of their modus operandi. While evidence has been brought up for their relevance as gate keepers in some hematopoietic malignancies, the role of NK cells against progression and dissemination of solid tumors remains questionable. Hence, many studies pointed out the functional defects of the rare NK cell infiltrates found in tumor beds and the lack of efficacy of adoptively transferred NK cells in patients. However, several preclinical evidences suggest their anti-metastatic role in a variety of mouse tumor models. In the present review, we discuss NK cell functions according to their maturation stage and environmental milieu, the receptor/ligand interactions dictating tumor cell recognition and recapitulate translational studies aimed at deciphering their prognostic or predictive role against human solid malignancies.
A high efficiency and compact inductive power transfer system compatible with both 3.3kW and 7.7kW receivers (2017)

This paper proposes a high-efficiency, compact inductive power transfer (IPT) system for the stationary charging of electric vehicles, which contains a single transmitter and two receivers of different power. The transmitter is compatible with both 3.3kW and 7.7kW receivers. A double-sided LCC compensation circuit is adopted to realize the IPT system. In the magnetic coupler design, the external compensation inductors are integrated into the main coils without introducing extra magnetic couplings. The design procedure of the circuit parameters is provided, in which high system efficiency is maintained for both the 3.3kW and 7.7kW receivers. A prototype is implemented to validate the proposed system. The transmitter coil size is 500mm×500mm, the 3.3kW receiver coil size is 300mm×300mm, and the 7.7kW receiver size is 420mm×420mm. When the air-gap is 150mm, the 3.3kW receiver system achieves a dc-dc efficiency of 95.4%, and the 7.7kW receiver system achieves a dc-dc efficiency of 95.2%.
Aggregated Structures of Azobenzene-linked Amphiphiles at the Air–Water Interface (1988)

Abstract With three azobenzene-linked amphiphiles containing designed alkyl and methylene groups, spectroscopic studies on monolayer at the air–water interface were performed. The effects of the alkyl and methylene groups on the molecular orientation and aggregate states in the monolayers were shown.
Highly stable remote clock comparisons via 920 km optical fiber for precision spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen (2012)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text K. Predehl, C. G. Parthey, A. Matveev, A. Beyer, J. Alnis, N. Kolachevsky, R. Pohl, S. Droste, T. Udem, T. W. Hänsch, R. Holzwarth, H. Schnatz, T. Legero, B. Lipphardt, O. Terra, G. Grosche, and S. Weyers, "Highly stable remote clock comparisons via 920 km optical fiber for precision spectroscopy of atomic hydrogen," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2012, OSA Technical Digest (Optica Publishing Group, 2012), paper QF2E.3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Targeting Prion Protein and Alzheimer's disease Amyloid Peptide by Peptide Ligands (2004)

The presently established models of prion propagation are based on the essential role of the host-encoded prion protein (PrP). Development and progression of the disease implies ongoing conversion of its non-pathological isoform PrPC into its pathological isoform PrPSc. Thus, any stabilization of the PrPC conformation should slow down or inhibit conversion of PrPC into PrPSc. We screened a phage displayed peptide library to ultimately identify high affinity ligands that bind to and stabilize PrPC. A similar approach was used to identify ligands that specifically bind to Alzheimer's disease (AD) amyloid peptide Abeta(1–42). Applying a mirror image version of a phage display screening allowed us to ultimately identify a 12mer peptide that binds specifically to Abeta(1–42) and consists solely of D-amino acids (D-pep). D-amino acid peptides are known to be less protease sensitive, more resistant to degradation in animals, and less or even not immunogenic at all, as compared with an L-amino acid peptide. D-pep was shown to bind Abeta(1–42) with a dissociation constant in the submicromolar range. Furthermore, in brain tissue sections derived from patients who suffered from Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques were stained specifically with a fluorescence-labeled derivative of D-pep. D-pep was specific for Abeta plaques and did not stain amyloid deposits. Because such D-peptides are considered to consist of peptides other than A, to be rather protease resistant and mostly non-immunogenic, D-pep may be very suitable for use as a probe for the detection of amyloid plaques in living humans or animal models or to search for compounds that are suitable for AD therapy. D-pep may synthetically be combined with any marker employed for physiological detection or medical imaging techniques. Current studies are aimed to find out whether D-pep or derivatives thereof are able to cross the blood-brain barrier and be used for in vivo diagnostic imaging of living brains. Any AD therapeutic approach directed either against amyloid fibril -secretase activities, will have to rely on correct γ- or β-formation, or monitoring of the cerebral and cerebrovascular amyloid loads.
Micro Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) Pressure Sensor for Footwear (2023)

Footwear comprises a sole and a plurality of sealed cavities contained within the sole. The sealed cavities can be incorporated as deformable containers within an elastic medium, comprising the sole. A plurality of micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensors are respectively contained within the sealed cavity plurality, and can be adapted to measure static and dynamic pressure within each of the sealed cavities. The pressure measurements can provide information relating to the contact pressure distribution between the sole of the footwear and the wearer's environment.
An author-reader influence model for detecting topic-based influencers in social media (2014)

This work addresses the problem of detecting topic-based influencers in social media. For that end, we devise a novel behavioral model of authors and readers, where authors try to influence readers by generating ``\emph{attractive}" content, which is both \emph{relevant} and \emph{unique}, and readers can become authors themselves by further citing or referencing content made by other authors. The model is realized by means of a content-based citation graph, where nodes represent authors with their generated content and edges represent reader-to-author citations. To find the top influencers for a given topic, we first profile the content of authors (nodes) and citations (edges) and derive topic-based similarity scores to the topic, which further model the unique and relevant topic interests of users. We then present three different extensions of the Topic-Sensitive PageRank algorithm that exploit the similarity scores to find topic-based influencers. We evaluate our solution on a large real-world dataset that was gathered from Twitter by measuring information diffusion in social networks. We show that, overall, our methods outperform several state-of-the-art methods. This work further serves as an evidence that the topic uniqueness aspect in user interests within social media should be considered for the influencers detection task; this is in comparison to previous works that have solely focused on detecting topic-based influencers using the combination of link structure and topic-relevance.
Supplementary document for Optics-free imaging of complex, non-sparse and color QR-codes with Deep Neural Networks - 4776197.pdf (2020)

Supplementary document
Polyoxides grown on n/sup +/ polysilicon (1997)

The polarity asymmetry on the electrical characteristics of the oxides grown on n/sup +/ polysilicon (polyoxides) was investigated in terms of the oxidation process, the doping level of the lower polysilicon layer, the oxidation temperature and the oxide thickness. It was found that the thin polyoxide prepared by using a low-temperature wafer loading and N/sub 2/ pre-annealing process, has a smoother polyoxide/polysilicon interface and exhibits a lower oxide tunneling current, a higher dielectric breakdown field when the top electrode is positively biased, a lower electron trapping rate and a larger charge-to-breakdown than does the normal polyoxide. The polarity asymmetry is also strongly dependent on the doping level of the lower polysilicon layer, the oxidation temperature and the oxide thickness. It was found that only the thinner polyoxides (/spl les/240 /spl Aring/) grown on the heavily-doped polysilicon film (30 /spl Omega//sq) by using the higher-temperature oxidation process (/spl ges/950/spl deg/C) conduct a less oxide tunneling current when the top electrode is positively biased.
Topiramate as an Inhibitor of Carbonic Anhydrase Isoenzymes (2000)

Summary: Purpose : This study investigated the effectiveness of topiramate (TPM) as an inhibitor of six isozymes of carbonic anhydrase (CA). Methods : The inhibition constants (K i ) of TPM and acetazolamide (AZM) for CA I, CA II, CA III, CA IV, CA V, and CA VI were determined for human (HCA), rat (RCA), or mouse (MCA). The activity of CA was studied by using purified isozymes, erythrocytes, subcellular fractions of kidney or brain, and saliva, and was assayed at 37°C or 25°C by 18 O mass spectrometry and/or by measuring the pH shift at 0°C. Results : Topiramate K i values for HCA I, HCA II, HCA IV, and HCA VI were ∼100, 7, 10, and &gt;100 μ M , respectively. TPM K i values for RCA I, RCA II, RCA III, RCA IV, and RCA V were ∼180, 0·1 to 1, &gt;100, 0·2 to 10 and 18 μ M , respectively. For RCA II and RCA IV, the K i values were temperature dependent. TPM K i values for MCA II and MCA IV ranged between 1 and 20 μ M . Conclusions : These results indicate that TPM is more potent as an inhibitor of CA II and CA IV than of CA I, CA III, and CA VI. In all three species, AZM was usually 10 to 100 times more potent than TPM as an inhibitor of CA isozymes.
Experimental verification of a mathematical model for internal ultrasonic inspection of pipes (1990)

The present paper experimentally verifies the accuracy of a quasi-three-dimensional (3-D) numerical code [C. Randall and F. E. Stanke, ‘‘Mathematical model for ultrasonic, internal inspection of cylindrically layered structures,’’ J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 83, 1295–1305 (1988)] that models a finite-sized, broadband ultrasonic transducer inspecting a cylindrically layered structure from its interior. All verifications employ one of a collection of steel pipes, which have a variety of thicknesses and diameters. In all cases, a fluid fills the pipe and envelops the transducer. This fluid is either water or a dispersive, attenuative, water-based suspension. The exterior surface of the pipe is loaded by a homogeneous layer that is either water, the suspension previously mentioned, or a loaded epoxy. The transducer is operated in pulse/echo mode at a distance of between 10 and 20 wavelengths in water from the pipe. Multiple reflections between the pipe and the transducer itself are excluded by time gating. The transducer has a flat, rectangular active region that is roughly three wavelengths wide (in water) and ten wavelengths high. Consequently, diffraction significantly affects the received waveforms. The transducer, its excitation, and receiving electronics have a broad bandwidth that encompasses several of the low-order thickness resonances of the pipe that can interfere to produce very complex waveforms and spectra. The transducer is aligned with its length parallel to the axis of the pipe, with a radius of the pipe passing either through the center of its width or to one side. Comparisons are presented as overlayed waveforms (in the time domain) and overlayed spectra (in the frequency domain) of the experimental and calculated results, so that emphasis is placed on the ability of the model to accurately predict even subtle details, as opposed to integrated or other more global measures. Comparisons between the experiments and calculated predictions show that, for all cases examined, the model predicts virtually all visually distinguishable features of waveforms and spectra with at least qualitative accuracy, even when the levels of these features are on the order of 5% of the maximum level of the echo. For many cases, the model is in error by less than 10% on a point-by-point basis even for such fine features. In cases where the model does not perform as well quantitatively, it is a good qualitative guide, and, even for these worst cases, it is still considerably more accurate than a 2-D model would be for any of the cases examined and is computationally nearly as fast.
Ionosphere effects for wideband GNSS signals (2007)

Wideband signals show promise for Galileo development and GPS modernization because they provide sharper correlation peaks and thus more accuracy. For instance, the Galileo E5 signal occupies the frequency band from 1164 MHz to 1215 MHz, over 25 times the two-sided bandwidth of the GPS C/A code. However, because the ionosphere is dispersive, different frequency components in the wideband spectrum suffer different delays as they traverse the upper atmosphere. Signal delay due to refraction through the ionosphere is the largest and most variable source of positioning error for single frequency receivers. There are many models to compensate for the ionospheric delay. A classic and wellknown formula is the first-order ionospheric delay model, in which the excess group delay is inversely proportional to frequency squared. Dual frequency receivers take advantage of this to compensate for the ionosphere errors by assuming each incoming signal to be a single frequency tone represented by the center frequency. This simplification is effective for narrowband signals, such as the GPS L1 C/A code, whose two-sided bandwidth is only 2 MHz. As the frequency band gets wider, the ionospheric delay variation within the band becomes larger. Thus, we should no longer neglect it as in the narrowband signal case. This motivates us to update the ionosphere model to take into account all frequency elements of the GNSS signals rather than treating them as a single tone. In this paper, we demonstrate the method of calculating ionospheric delay of wideband signals. We first decompose the time domain signal into the frequency domain, apply variable delays to all the frequency components, then transfer the frequency domain signal back to the time domain. The model modifies the total group delay of wideband signals. Moreover, it captures another ionosphere effect, signal deformation, which is not captured by the classical model. A signal traveling through the ionosphere becomes distorted due to varying delay over its bandwidth. We neglect frequencydependent bending of the signal. We also apply the method to a variety of wideband signals, the Galileo E5b signal, the Galileo E5 signal, and BPSK signals with a range of bandwidths. The simulation results show the ionosphere impact on timedomain signal deformation, power loss of the correlation peak, phase shift in the PLL output, correlation peak symmetry and the frequency spectrum. Throughout the remainder of the paper, “bandwidth” refers to the twosided bandwidth of a signal.
Potent Activity of the HIV-1 Maturation Inhibitor Bevirimat in SCID-hu Thy/Liv Mice (2020)

BackgroundThe HIV-1 maturation inhibitor, 3-O-(3′,3′-dimethylsuccinyl) betulinic acid (bevirimat, PA-457) is a promising drug candidate with 10 nM in vitro antiviral activity against multiple wild-type (WT) and drug-resistant HIV-1 isolates. Bevirimat has a novel mechanism of action, specifically inhibiting cleavage of spacer peptide 1 (SP1) from the C-terminus of capsid which results in defective core condensation.Methods and FindingsOral administration of bevirimat to HIV-1-infected SCID-hu Thy/Liv mice reduced viral RNA by >2 log10 and protected immature and mature T cells from virus-mediated depletion. This activity was observed at plasma concentrations that are achievable in humans after oral dosing, and bevirimat was active up to 3 days after inoculation with both WT HIV-1 and an AZT-resistant HIV-1 clinical isolate. Consistent with its mechanism of action, bevirimat caused a dose-dependent inhibition of capsid-SP1 cleavage in HIV-1-infected human thymocytes obtained from these mice. HIV-1 NL4-3 with an alanine-to-valine substitution at the N-terminus of SP1 (SP1/A1V), which is resistant to bevirimat in vitro, was also resistant to bevirimat treatment in the mice, and SP1/AIV had replication and thymocyte kinetics similar to that of WT NL4-3 with no evidence of fitness impairment in in vivo competition assays. Interestingly, protease inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 with impaired capsid-SP1 cleavage was hypersensitive to bevirimat in vitro with a 50% inhibitory concentration 140 times lower than for WT HIV-1.ConclusionsThese results support further clinical development of this first-in-class maturation inhibitor and confirm the usefulness of the SCID-hu Thy/Liv model for evaluation of in vivo antiretroviral efficacy, drug resistance, and viral fitness.
HER2 testing in the UK: further update to recommendations (2008)

These guidelines update the previous UK HER2 testing guidelines and have been formulated to give advice on methodology, interpretation and quality assurance to ensure that HER2 testing results are accurate, reliable and timely with the expansion of testing to all patients with breast cancer at the time of primary diagnosis. The recommendations for testing are the use of immunohistochemistry but with analysis of equivocal cases by in situ hybridisation to clarify their HER2 status or the use of frontline fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) testing for those laboratories wishing to do so; the inclusion of a chromosome 17 probe is strongly recommended. Laboratories using chromogenic or silver in situ hybridisation should perform an initial validation against FISH. For immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridisation there must be participation in the appropriate National External Quality Assurance scheme.
Removing Shadows From Images using Retinex (2002)

The Retinex Theory first introduced by Edwin Land forty years ago has been widely used for a range of applications. It was first introduced as a model of our own visual processing but has since been used to perform a range of image processing tasks including illuminant correction, dynamic range compression, and gamut mapping. In this paper we show how the theory can be extended to perform yet another image processing task: that of removing shadows from images. Our method is founded on a simple modification to the original, path based retinex computation such that we incorporate information about the location of shadow edges in an image. We demonstrate that when the location of shadow edges is known the algorithm is able to remove shadows effectively. We also set forth a method for the automatic location of shadow edges which makes use of a 1-d illumination invariant image proposed in previous work [1]. In this case the location of shadow edges is imperfect but we show that even so, the algorithm does a good job of removing the shadows.