gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 Is a Significant Determinant of Renal Injury in Experimental Crescentic Glomerulonephritis (2003)

Crescentic glomerulonephritis is characterized by glomerular fibrin deposition, and experimental crescentic glomerulonephritis has been shown to be fibrin-dependent. Net fibrin deposition is a balance between activation of the coagulation system causing glomerular fibrin deposition and fibrin removal by the plasminogen-plasmin (fibrinolytic) system. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) inhibits fibrinolysis by inhibiting plasminogen activators and has effects on leukocyte recruitment and matrix deposition. To test the hypothesis that the presence of PAI-1 and its levels were a determinant of injury in crescentic glomerulonephritis, accelerated anti-glomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis was induced in mice genetically deficient in PAI-1 (PAI-1 -/-), PAI-1 heterozygotes (PAI-1 +/-), and mice engineered to overexpress PAI-1 (PAI-1 tg). Compared with strain-matched genetically normal animals, PAI-1 -/- mice with glomerulonephritis developed fewer glomerular crescents, less glomerular fibrin deposition, fewer infiltrating leukocytes, and less renal collagen accumulation at day 14 of disease. The reduction in disease persisted at day 28, when injury had become more established. In contrast, mice overexpressing the PAI-1 gene (PAI-1 tg), that have basal plasma and renal PAI-1 levels several times, normal developed increased glomerular crescent formation, more glomerular fibrin deposition, increased numbers of infiltrating leukocytes, and more renal collagen at both time points. These studies demonstrate that PAI-1 is a determinant of glomerular fibrin deposition and renal injury in crescentic glomerulonephritis.
Trisomies in multiple myeloma: impact on survival in patients with high-risk cytogenetics (2012)

Routine incorporation of FISH into multiple myeloma (MM) diagnostic testing has led to a better appreciation of the heterogeneity of genetic abnormalities associated with this disease. We studied a group of 484 patients with newly diagnosed symptomatic MM to better understand the prevalence of the various abnormalities and the prognostic significance of the overlapping abnormalities. A translocation involving the IgH locus and 1 of the 5 recurrent partner chromosomes was seen in 161 (33%) patients, and 275 (57%) had trisomy of at least 1 odd-numbered chromosome. High-risk FISH, defined as the presence of t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), or loss of P53, was seen in 115 (24%) patients; the median overall survival for this group was 3.9 years, compared with "not reached" for standard-risk patients (P < .001). Among the patients with high-risk FISH, 49 patients who also had at least 1 trisomy had a median overall survival that was not reached, compared with 3 years for high-risk patients without a concurrent trisomy (P = .01). Based on the current findings, we conclude that the presence of trisomies in patients with t(4;14), t(14;16), t(14;20), or p53 deletion abnormalities in MM ameliorates the usual adverse impact associated with these prognostic markers.
Insulin Infusion Is Linked to Increased NPPC Expression in Muscle and Plasma C-type Natriuretic Peptide in Male Dogs (2021)

The purpose of this study was to assess insulin-stimulated gene expression in canine skeletal muscle with a particular focus on <i>NPPC</i>, the gene that encodes C-type natriuretic peptide, a key hormonal regulator of cardiometabolic function. Four conscious canines underwent hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp studies. Skeletal muscle biopsy and arterial plasma samples were collected under basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. Bulk RNA sequencing of muscle tissue was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between these 2 steady-state conditions. Our results showed that <i>NPPC</i> was the most highly expressed gene in skeletal muscle in response to insulin infusion, rising 4-fold between basal and insulin-stimulated conditions. In support of our RNA sequencing data, we found that raising the plasma insulin concentration 15-fold above basal elicited a 2-fold (<i>P</i> = 0.0001) increase in arterial plasma concentrations of N-terminal prohormone C-type natriuretic peptide. Our data suggest that insulin may play a role in stimulating secretion of C-type natriuretic peptide by skeletal muscle. In this context, C-type natriuretic peptide may act in a paracrine manner to facilitate muscle-vascular bed crosstalk and potentiate insulin-mediated vasodilation. This could serve to enhance insulin and glucose delivery, particularly in the postprandial absorptive state.
Development of in vitro isolated perfused porcine skin flaps for study of percutaneous absorption of xenobiotics. Annual report, 30 September 1985-29 September 1986 (1986)

Interspecies comparisons of cutaneous anatomy and physiology suggest that the weanling pig is a suitable surrogate for human skin; however, very few investigations of percutaneous absorption phenomena have been conducted in pigs. This study examined the radiolabel excretion patterns after intravenous (IV) and topical administration of six /sup 14/C-labeled compounds in weanling Yorkshire sows. These data were required as a baseline to compare xenobiotic absorption in the isolated perfused procine skin flap (IPPSF) fully described in the first Annual Report (Riviere, J. E., Bowman, K. F., and Monteiro-Riviere, N. A., Development of In Vitro Isolated Perfused Porcine Skin Flaps for Study of Percutaneous Absorption of Xenobiotics, USAMRDC, DAMD17-84-C-4103, November 1, 1986).
Induction of apoptosis by tamoxifen-activation of a p53-estrogen receptor fusion protein expressed in E1A and T24 H-ras transformed p53-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts. (1996)

A fusion gene consisting of wild-type p53 linked to a modified ligand binding domain of the murine estrogen receptor has been constructed and should be a useful tool for studying controlled activation of wild-type p53 function in a variety of experimental cell systems. The protein product of this gene, p53ERTM, is expressed in cells constitutively but is not functional unless associated with tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen. p53ERTM was introduced into p53-deficient mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs) expressing the E1A and T24 H-ras oncogenes. Activation of p53 in these transformed cells by the addition of tamoxifen or 4-hydroxytamoxifen resulted in apoptosis. In addition to engaging the apoptotic machinery, the tamoxifen-activated fusion protein exhibited other functions characteristic of wild-type p53, such as induction of WAF1 and MDM2 gene expression and activation of the p53-dependent spindle checkpoint in cells treated with nocodazole. Activation of p53ERTM expressed in p53-positive MEFs coexpressing E1A and ras had, at most, only a small cytotoxic effect. When three cell lines of transformed p53+/+ fibroblasts not expressing p53ERTM were tested for sensitivity to the DNA-damaging drug doxorubicin, the p53+/+ clones displayed either comparable sensitivity, or at most an increase in drug sensitivity of less than fourfold, as compared to several p53-/- cell lines. Our data show that restoration of wild-type p53 activity is sufficient to trigger apoptosis in p53-/- MEFs transformed with E1A and T24 H-ras and suggest that rare propagable clones of p53-normal MEFs expressing the E1A and T24 H-ras oncogenes have suffered compensatory alterations that compromise the ability to undergo p53-dependent apoptosis.
Band structure and effective mass of InN under pressure (2008)

Abstract Calculations of the electronic band structure and effective mass of InN are performed within the density functional theory by means of the linear muffin‐tin‐orbital method. The results show a pronounced nonparabolicity of the conduction band. Calculated variations of the highest occupied conduction band energy and electron effective mass with free electron concentration are presented and compared to available experimental data. Pressure effects are studied. Both the fundamental band gap and the electron effective mass increase with hydrostatic pressure, but due to the nonparabolic character of the conduction band of InN the pressure coefficient of the effective mass decreases with electron concentration. Experimental verification of this behavior has been performed on three n‐type samples of InN with different electron concentrations. The measurements and calculations agree in the description of the dependence of effective mass and its pressure coefficient on electron concentration. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Suppression of RF Radiation Originating from the Flattop Cavity in the PSI Ring Cyclotron (2017)

In the PSI Ring cyclotron, protons are accelerated from 72 MeV to 590 MeV. In several upgrade programs, the beam current was increased from the initial design value of 100 µA up to 2.4 mA. The rf-system of this separated sector cyclotron consists of 4 copper cavities running at 50 MHz for the main acceleration. For the purpose of increasing the phase acceptance of the Ring, an aluminum flattop cavity is operated at a gap voltage of 555 kVp at the 3rd harmonic frequency. As a result of the progressively increased flattop voltage, this cavity was pushed toward its mechanical and electrical limits. As a consequence rf-power is leaking into the cyclotrons vacuum chamber, which in turn caused several problems. A visible effect was the formation of plasma in the vacuum chamber *. In the last shutdown, an attempt was made to reduce the radiated rf-power. On the vacuum sealing between the flattop cavity and sector magnet 6, a shim was installed which reduces the gap for the beam from 60mm to 25mm in height. Results of this intervention will be presented and compared with finite element model simulations **.
Radiative Heat Transfer Properties of Electro-Controllable Fluids (2003)

Abstract Active control of radiation heat transfer in liquids can be accomplished with the use of a class of fluids referred to here as electro-controllable (EC) fluids. EC fluids in general consist of a colloidal suspension of polarizable, micron-size particles dispersed in a carrier fluid with an appropriate dielectric constant. When an electric field is applied, the particles redistribute in the fluid, changing from a uniformly dispersed configuration to a tightly organized chain formation that follows the lines of the electric field, thus causing a change in the thermal radiation transport. In an example application, experiments are conducted and models are developed for thermal radiation transmittance through a composite window featuring a central layer of EC fluid. The specific EC fluids of this study are made of micron-sized Zeolite particles suspended in a light Silicone oil carrier fluid of appropriate dielectric strength. The incident thermal radiation ranged in wavelength between 500 nm and 800 nm, and the strength of the applied electric field ranged from 100 V/mm to 500 V/mm. The models are applicable for both the dispersed organizational state and the field induced chained state. Absorption was demonstrated to be the fundamental radiation transport property enabling the control process. The EC fluid transmittance predicted by these models are compared to the data obtained by experimental measurement demonstrate very good agreement.
TXRF Applications Supporting Yield Enhancements and Tool Monitor-ing in Order to Improve the Front-End Semiconductor Processing (2008)

In this paper, we summarize how the introduction of in-line TXRF monitoring provides detailed analytical information on aluminum, titanium and molybdenum contamination levels in order to improve several process steps from front- end processing, minimize product yield loss and make it possible to successfully manufacture multiple products and process geometries in the same fabrication platform.
33.2: Invited Paper: Electronic Traps in Polymeric Semiconductors (2003)

Abstract Charge transport in organic semiconductors is strongly influenced by electronic traps, which determine operational parameters of today's organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this talk we highlight the possibility of characterizing these traps in terms of activation energy and DOS for two prominent electroluminescent polymers and show their influence on charge transport.
IKDCs or B220+ NK cells are pre-mNK cells (2012)

The cell lineage origin of interferon-producing killer dendritic cells (IKDCs) has been challenged since 2006 when the unique capacity of these cells to accumulate in tumors and mediate remarkable antitumor effects was first described.[1][1][⇓][2][⇓][3]–[4][4] In this issue of Blood , Guimont-
Computation of the Complex Impedance of a Cylindrical Conductor in an Ideal Two-Probe Configuration (2008)

The applicability of the present model of an ideal two-probe impedance measurement, treated as a current injection/extraction problem, is demonstrated for a fairly good conductor, in this case a nickel-base superalloy. However, the scope of this model may be extended to good semiconductors and polymer-conducting filler composites with fairly high conductivities, keeping in mind the assumptions made in the model. The validity will be ensured only when the conduction current density is still dominant over the displacement current density by orders of magnitude. As the next step, the model could be extended to address impedance measurements of more insulating materials by accounting for the displacement current term. In this case, the inherent dependence of conductivity and dielectric constant on the frequency will add more complexity into the model. This could also play a role in the case of the
A Trans-amplifying RNA Vaccine Strategy for Induction of Potent Protective Immunity (2019)

Here, we present a potent RNA vaccine approach based on a novel bipartite vector system using trans-amplifying RNA (taRNA). The vector cassette encoding the vaccine antigen originates from an alphaviral self-amplifying RNA (saRNA), from which the replicase was deleted to form a transreplicon. Replicase activity is provided in trans by a second molecule, either by a standard saRNA or an optimized non-replicating mRNA (nrRNA). The latter delivered 10- to 100-fold higher transreplicon expression than the former. Moreover, expression driven by the nrRNA-encoded replicase in the taRNA system was as efficient as in a conventional monopartite saRNA system. We show that the superiority of nrRNA- over saRNA-encoded replicase to drive expression of the transreplicon is most likely attributable to its higher translational efficiency and lack of interference with cellular translation. Testing the novel taRNA system in mice, we observed that doses of influenza hemagglutinin antigen-encoding RNA as low as 50 ng were sufficient to induce neutralizing antibodies and mount a protective immune response against live virus challenge. These findings, together with a favorable safety profile, a simpler production process, and the universal applicability associated with this bipartite vector system, warrant further exploration of taRNA.
In vitro degradation and cytotoxicity of alkyl 2‐cyanoacrylate polymers for application to tissue adhesives (2003)

Abstract To investigate the in vitro degradability and cytotoxicity of long alkyl cyanoacrylate polymers [polycyanoacrylates (PCAs)], we synthesized five kinds of alkyl cyanoacrylates (ethyl, 2‐octyl, n ‐octyl, ethylhexyl, and ethyl cyanoacryloyllactate). In vitro degradation in buffer solutions and cell cultures for cytotoxicity were performed with PCAs prepared by various polymerization methods. Lower alkyl homologues such as ethyl cyanoacrylate revealed a higher tissue toxicity than higher alkyl homologues. The amounts of formaldehyde released from various PCAs were not proportional to the rate of degradation. The apparent form of the cyanoacrylate polymers greatly affected the degradation rate, as the powdery polymers degraded much more quickly than the films. A new biodegradable polymer, prepared from ethyl 2‐cyanoacryloyllactate, degraded more quickly than the others. The amount of formaldehyde released from the polymer degradation was high because it degraded rapidly. It was observed from cell culture experiments that the viability of the cells was higher with a lower release of formaldehyde because the alkyl side groups were bigger. Therefore, octyl cyanoacrylate polymers demonstrated lower amounts of formaldehyde by degradation and higher cell viability, and these monomers may be desirable for use as tissue adhesives. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3272–3278, 2003
Dyadic Interaction Assessment from Free-living Audio for Depression Severity Assessment (2022)

Psychomotor retardation in depression has been associated with speech timing changes from dyadic clinical interviews.In this work, we investigate speech timing features from freeliving dyadic interactions.Apart from the possibility of continuous monitoring to complement clinical visits, a study in free-living conditions would also allow inferring sociability features such as dyadic interaction frequency implicated in depression.We adapted a speaker count estimator as a dyadic interaction detector with a specificity of 89.5% and a sensitivity of 86.1% in the DIHARD dataset.Using the detector, we obtained speech timing features from the detected dyadic interactions in multi-day audio recordings of 32 participants comprised of 13 healthy individuals, 11 individuals with depression, and 8 individuals with psychotic disorders.The dyadic interaction frequency increased with depression severity in participants with no or mild depression, indicating a potential diagnostic marker of depression onset.However, the dyadic interaction frequency decreased with increasing depression severity for participants with moderate or severe depression.In terms of speech timing features, the response time had a significant positive correlation with depression severity.Our work shows the potential of dyadic interaction analysis from audio recordings of free-living to obtain markers of depression severity.
Low-frequency oscillation of sympathetic nerve activity decreases during development of tilt-induced syncope preceding sympathetic withdrawal and bradycardia (2005)

Sympathetic activation during orthostatic stress is accompanied by a marked increase in low-frequency (LF, approximately 0.1-Hz) oscillation of sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) when arterial pressure (AP) is well maintained. However, LF oscillation of SNA during development of orthostatic neurally mediated syncope remains unknown. Ten healthy subjects who developed head-up tilt (HUT)-induced syncope and 10 age-matched nonsyncopal controls were studied. Nonstationary time-dependent changes in calf muscle SNA (MSNA, microneurography), R-R interval, and AP (finger photoplethysmography) variability during a 15-min 60 degrees HUT test were assessed using complex demodulation. In both groups, HUT during the first 5 min increased heart rate, magnitude of MSNA, LF and respiratory high-frequency (HF) amplitudes of MSNA variability, and LF and HF amplitudes of AP variability but decreased HF amplitude of R-R interval variability (index of cardiac vagal nerve activity). In the nonsyncopal group, these changes were sustained throughout HUT. In the syncopal group, systolic AP decreased from 100 to 60 s before onset of syncope; LF amplitude of MSNA variability decreased, whereas magnitude of MSNA and LF amplitude of AP variability remained elevated. From 60 s before onset of syncope, MSNA and heart rate decreased, index of cardiac vagal nerve activity increased, and AP further decreased to the level at syncope. LF oscillation of MSNA variability decreased during development of orthostatic neurally mediated syncope, preceding sympathetic withdrawal, bradycardia, and severe hypotension, to the level at syncope.
[Extracorporeal treatment of acute kidney injury during sepsis]. (2015)

The clinical syndromes known as sepsis and septic shock are a frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in intensive care units. Acute kidney injury (AKI) according to the modern RIFLE criteria complicates sepsis and increases the mortality; it often requires the implementation of methods for extracorporeal blood purification and patient support. During sepsis AKI is an independent risk factor for mortality and increases the complexity and cost of patient care. Among the treatments for AKI, hemofiltration and its pulse high-volume variant are able to support all organs and boost an immune system compromised by systemic inflammation. Thanks to modern technology, they can also apply adsorption in order to remove complex molecules such as LPS from the bloodstream during sepsis due to gram-negative bacteria, preventing endothelial damage that can result in multiorgan dysfunction and failure. These treatments can be combined to obtain other treatments to remove more specifically inflammatory molecules such as during convection combined with plasma adsorption in CPFA. Moreover, the use of high-cutoff membranes allows the implementation of methods able to remove high-molecular-weight mediators of inflammation by diffusion. Given the wide range of available treatments, there is ongoing discussion about the timing, dose and efficacy of each, and more studies are necessary to clarify their role in the management of AKI during sepsis.
Front Matter: Volume 7240 (2009)

Proceedings of SPIE follow an e-First publication model, with papers published first online and then in print and on CD-ROM.
High b‐value q‐space diffusion‐weighted MRI of the human cervical spinal cord in vivo: Feasibility and application to multiple sclerosis (2008)

Q-space analysis is an alternative analysis technique for diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data in which the probability density function (PDF) for molecular diffusion is estimated without the need to assume a Gaussian shape. Although used in the human brain, q-space DWI has not yet been applied to study the human spinal cord in vivo. Here we demonstrate the feasibility of performing q-space imaging in the cervical spinal cord of eight healthy volunteers and four patients with multiple sclerosis. The PDF was computed and water displacement and zero-displacement probability maps were calculated from the width and height of the PDF, respectively. In the dorsal column white matter, q-space contrasts showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in the width and a decrease in the height of the PDF in lesions, the result of increased diffusion. These q-space contrasts, which are sensitive to the slow diffusion component, exhibited improved detection of abnormal diffusion compared to perpendicular apparent diffusion constant measurements. The conspicuity of lesions compared favorably with magnetization transfer (MT)-weighted images and quantitative CSF-normalized MT measurements. Thus, q-space DWI can be used to study water diffusion in the human spinal cord in vivo and is well suited to assess white matter damage.