gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modes in electron-hopping transport over insulators sustained by secondary electron emission (1997)

A general formalism for hopping electron transport over insulators sustained by secondary electron emission is presented. Steady-state electron transport takes place when the charging of the insulator, which turns out to be self-stabilizing, is such that the average secondary electron yield becomes equal to unity. The steady-state potential distribution for the electron transport is determined for various insulating geometries with the aid of Monte Carlo calculations and compared with the low-hopping approximation. The Monte Carlo results show that the steady-state potential distribution can exhibit several interesting features such as spontaneous symmetry breaking of statistical origin and the occurrence of local repulsive parts in the geometry. In several cases the numerical results, including the above two features, are found to agree well with the results of experiments.
Lachesis: Automated Generation of Persistent Partitionings for Big Data Applications. (2020)

Persistent partitioning is effective in improving the performance by avoiding the expensive shuffling operation, while incurring relatively small overhead. However it remains a significant challenge to automate this process for Big Data analytics workloads that extensively use user defined functions. That is because user defined functions coded with an object-oriented language such as Python, Scala, Java, can contain arbitrary code that is opaque to the system and makes it hard to extract and reuse sub-computations for optimizing data placement. In addition, it is also challenging to predict the future workloads that may utilize the partitionings. We propose the Lachesis system, which allows UDFs to be decomposed into analyzable and reusable sub-computations and relies on a deep reinforcement learning model that infers which sub-computations should be used to partition the underlying data. This analysis is then used to automatically optimize the storage of the data across applications.
Long Distance FBG Sensor Interrogation using 1.3 μm FDML Wavelength Swept Laser (2010)

We report a high-speed long distance FBG sensor interrogation using 1.3 μm FDML wavelength-swept laser. The static strain and dynamic strain response for long distance FBG interrogation system is achieved. The FDML laser could be operated if the scanning frequency of the Fabry-Perot tunable-filter matches with the fundamental frequency of the laser cavity.
Short-term feeding of defatted bovine colostrum mitigates inflammation in the gut via changes in metabolites and microbiota in a chicken animal model (2023)

The data suggest that an anti-inflammatory environment in the ileum was more evident in BC than in the other feeding groups and associated with an increased content of statistically definable groups of anti-inflammatory metabolites that appear to functionally link the observed interactions between the host's improved gut health with an observed increase in whole body nutrient use efficiency, beneficial changes in the microbiome and immunometabolism.
Application specific data replication for edge services (2003)

The emerging edge services architecture promises to improve the availability and performance of web services by replicating servers at geographically distributed sites.A key challenge in such systems is data replication and consistency so that edge server code can manipulate shared data without incurring the availability and performance penalties that would be incurred by accessing a traditional centralized database.This paper explores using a distributed object architecture to build an edge service system for an e-commerce application, an online bookstore represented by the TPC-W benchmark.We take advantage of application specific semantics to design distributed objects to manage a specific subset of shared information using simple and effective consistency models.Our experimental results show that by slightly relaxing consistency within individual distributed objects, we can build an edge service system that is highly available and efficient.For example, in one experiment we find that our object-based edge server system provides a factor of five improvement in response time over a traditional centralized cluster architecture and a factor of nine improvement over an edge service system that distributes code but retains a centralized database.
Evaluating Speech Separation Systems (2006)

Common evaluation standards are critical to making progress in any field, but they can also distort research by shifting all the attention to a limited subset of the problem. Here, we consider the problem of evaluating algorithms for speech separation and acoustic scene analysis, noting some weaknesses of existing measures, and making some suggestions for future evaluations. We take the position that the most relevant 'ground truth' for sound mixture organization is the set of sources perceived by human listeners, and that best evaluation standards would measure the machine's match to this perception at a level abstracted away from the low-level signal features most often considered in signal processing.
Series power combining: Enabling techniques for Si/SiGe millimeter-wave power amplifiers (2016)

We review series power combining techniques for power amplifiers that have significantly enhanced the output power and power density of millimeter-wave power amplifiers implemented in Silicon (Si) and Silicon-Germanium (SiGe) integrated circuit processes. Two of the record highpower demonstrations for Si/SiGe have included transistor stacking and sub-quarter-wavelength power combiners. A 30-GHz power amplifier implemented in 45-nm CMOS SOI demonstrates 24.5 dBm of output power with 30% PAE using four stacked FETs. A two-stage, 114-130 GHz power amplifier with stacked HBTs and sub-quarter-wavelength baluns also demonstrates a record 22 dBm output power and 254 mW/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> output power per unit area.
Identification of full-length transmitted/founder viruses and their progeny in primary HIV-1 infection (2009)

Identification of transmitted/founder virus genomes and their progeny by is a novel strategy for probing the molecular basis of HIV-1 transmission and for evaluating the genetic imprint of viral and host factors that act to constrain or facilitate virus replication. Here, we show in a cohort of twelve acutely infected subjects (9 clade B; 3 clade C), that complete genomic sequences of transmitted/founder viruses could be inferred using single genome amplification of plasma viral RNA, direct amplicon sequencing, and a model of random virus evolution. This allowed for the precise identification, chemical synthesis, molecular cloning, and biological analysis of those viruses actually responsible for productive clinical infection and for a comprehensive mapping of sequential viral genomes and proteomes for mutations that are necessary or incidental to the establishment of HIV-1 persistence. Transmitted/founder viruses were CD4 and CCR5 tropic, replicated preferentially in activated primary T-Iymphocytes but not monocyte-derived macrophages, and were effectively shielded from most heterologous or broadly neutralizing antibodies. By 3 months of infection, the evolving viral quasispecies in three subjects showed mutational fixation at only 2-5 discreet genomic loci. By 6-12 months, mutational fixation was evident at 18-27 genomic loci. Some, but not all, of these mutations were attributable to virus escape from cytotoxic Tlymphocytes or neutralizing antibodies, suggesting that other viral or host factors may influence early HIV -1 fitness.
Distinct Expression and Function of FcεRII in Human B Cells and Monocytes (2017)

FcεRII is a multifunctional low-affinity IgER that is involved in the pathogenesis of allergic, inflammatory, and neoplastic diseases. Although discrepancies in FcεRII-mediated functions are being increasingly recognized, the consequences of FcεRII activation are not completely understood. In this study, we evaluated the expression of FcεRII on human blood cells and found that it was primarily expressed on monocytes and B cells. Although IL-4 promoted expression of the FcεRIIb isoform on B cells and monocytes, the expression of the FcεRIIa isoform was not dependent on IL-4. Furthermore, FcεRII predominantly bound allergen-IgE complexes on B cells but not on monocytes. FcεRII-mediated allergen-IgE complex uptake by B cells directed Ags to MHC class II-rich compartments. FcεRII-bearing monocytes and B cells expressed high levels of the FcεRII sheddase a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10, which implies that they are important sources of soluble FcεRII. Moreover, we identified that IgE immune complex stimulation of FcεRII activated intracellular tyrosine phosphorylation via Syk in B cells but not in monocytes. Importantly, FcεRII-mediated signaling by allergen-IgE immune complexes increased IFN-γ production in B cells of allergic patients during the build-up phase of allergen-specific immunotherapy. Together, our results demonstrate that FcεRII mediates cell type-dependent function in allergic reactions. In addition, the results identify a novel allergen-IgE complex/FcεRII/Syk/IFN-γ pathway in allergic responses and suggest that FcεRII may play a role in regulating allergic reactions via modulating IFN-γ production in B cells.
Integrated pin electronics for VLSI functional testers (1989)

A fully integrated approach is presented for building the pin electronics portion of a VLSI functional tester. The system implements the output vector timing and formatting functions, as well as the input sampling and comparison operations. A computer-controlled feedback loop is employed to obtain a timing accuracy of better than 1 ns. Novel circuit designs are shown which make the circuit suitable for fabrication in a high-density MOS technology. An experimental chip using these techniques was fabricated in 2- mu m CMOS technology and functioned at over 30 megavectors per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Si-Doping of Co/Pd Multilayers for Improved Signal to Noise in Perpendicular Magnetic Recording Media (2004)

Co/Pd-based multilayers have been Si doped in order to enhance their potential for extremely high-density perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) media. Co/Pd multilayers have high interface-induced perpendicular anisotropy, high coercivity, and high remnant squareness, all of which make them excellent candidates for PMR. Dopants can be utilized to reduce grain size as well as to reduce magnetic coupling between grains via compositional segregation to the grain boundaries. Here, Si was chosen for a dopant because the phase diagrams indicated that Si may migrate to form silicides at the grain boundaries. An additional benefit of Si as a dopant is that it can be detected chemically, unlike the more common dopant B, which is a much lighter element. A significant difference between the current doping and all other doping in PMR media is that Si was added into the Pd layers rather than the Co layers, which keeps the magnetic layer pure and improves the magnetic properties. This media was also made at room temperature, which yields smaller grains and reduces interfacial diffusion. The static magnetic properties of the Si-doped multilayers were very promising as measured by vibrating sample magnetometry: Hc= 5400 Oe, Ms= 160 emu/cm/sup 3/, and /spl alpha/=4/spl pi/dM/dH/spl ap/1. The fact that the latter term was unity suggests that the grains are magnetically decoupled which promises low transition noise. The samples were measured by atomic force and magnetic force microscopy (AFM/MFM) and by X-ray scattering. They were found to have 12-nm grains. In addition, Si-doped multilayer media that were spin-stand tested showed an increase in signal-to-noise ratio of 5 dB compared to high-performing B-doped media.
Oscillatory Control of Shock-Induced Separation (2001)

An experimental investigation, aimed at delaying e ow separation as a result of the occurrence of a shockwave/boundary-layer interaction, is reported. The experiment was performed using a NACA 0015 airfoil at highReynolds-number incompressible and compressible e ow conditions. The effects of Mach and Reynolds numbers were identie ed, using the capabilities of the cryogenic-pressurized facility to maintain one parameter e xed and change the other. The main objectives of the experiment were to study the effects of periodic excitation on airfoil drag divergence and to alleviate the severe unsteadiness associated with shock-induced separation (known as buffeting). Zero-mass-e ux oscillatory blowing was introduced through a downstream directed slot located at 10% chord on the upper surface of the NACA 0015 airfoil. The effective frequencies generated 2 ‐4 vortices over the separated region, regardless of the Mach number. Even though the excitation was introduced upstream of the shock wave, it had pronounced effects downstream of it. Wake dee cit (associated with drag ) and unsteadiness (associated with buffeting ) were reduced. The spectral content of the wake pressure e uctuations indicates steadier e ow throughout the frequency rangewhen excitation isapplied. This is especially evident at low frequencieswhich are more likely to interact with the airframe.
Synthesis of Cu or Cu2O-polyimide nanocomposites using Cu powders and their optical properties (2014)

Nanocomposites consisting of Cu or Cu2O nanoparticles in various polyimide (PI) films were successfully prepared using polyamic acid (PAA) and Cu powders. Cu powders were dissolved into PAA solutions, and the solutions were spin-coated onto the substrates. Cu or Cu2O nanoparticles were formed in PI film by curing in a reducing or inert atmosphere, respectively. The Cu nanoparticles were transformed to Cu2O nanoparticles by post-heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere after curing in a reducing atmosphere. Transmission electron microscopy showed that uniform, round Cu2O nanoparticles 6.0 nm in diameter were dispersed in the PI film by post-heat treatment. The addition of Cu2O nanoparticles in the 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride-4,4'-oxydianiline (6FDA-ODA) PI film enhanced the refractive index of the 6FDA-ODA PI film from 1.60 to 1.72 at 633 nm, and the transparency of the nanocomposite film was about 70-90% in the visible region and remained around 90% beyond 550 nm.
In Vitro and in Vivo Inhibition of JAK2 Signaling by Potent and Selective JAK2 Inhibitor (2008)

Abstract Recent advances in understanding the role of JAK2 V617F mutation in Bcr-Abl negative myeloproliferative (MPD) diseases pathogenesis opened up a possibility to develop highly targeted therapies against these debilitating ailments. We used a Ba/F3 cell line expressing the V617F mutant of JAK2 to screen a focused small molecule library for potential inhibitors of JAK2 V617F-dependent proliferation. Further extensive SAR of initial hits resulted in identification of R723, a potent and selective JAK2 inhibitor. This molecule is strongly antiproliferative (IC50 130–200 nM) against mouse BaF3 cells used for initial screening as well as against human UKE1 and SET2 cell lines harboring the same mutation. On the other hand, R723 has only weak activity in IL2-dependent (i.e. JAK1/JAK3-dependent) proliferation assays performed with human primary T (IC50 1300 nM) and mouse T-cell leukaemia CTLL2 cells (IC50 600 nM). A 10 to 20 fold cell-based selectivity of R723 was further confirmed by measuring inhibition of constitutive STAT5 phosphorylation in SET2 and BaF3 cells versus inhibition of IL-2 inducible STAT5 phosphorylation in human primary T and mouse CTLL2 cells using FACS-based approach. Compound R723 has low nonspecific antiproliferative activity against JAK2-independent MOLT4, A549 and H1299 cell lines with an IC50 ranging from 4 to 6 uM. The molecule has been also proven to be potent (IC50 of 2 nM against JAK2 in biochemical assay) and highly selective (window of more than 500 fold over JAK1 and 10 fold over JAK3) inhibitor of JAK2 kinase in vitro. Moreover, when tested in biochemical assay against a panel of more than 200 kinases at a concentration of 20 nM (IC90 for JAK2), R723 inhibited none of them. The selectivity of R723 was further confirmed using a variety of cell-based assays probing T-, B- and mast cell activation. Compound R723 was further evaluated in a stress-induced erythropoiesis mouse model, where kinetics of EPO-dependent hematocrit recovery from phenylhydrazine-induced anemia was assessed. Significant delay in recovery was observed at doses of 75 and 100 mg/kg bid indicating strong compound effect on EPOR signaling in vivo. The result could not be attributed to general toxicity effects as 14 day toxicology study did not identify any abnormalities at doses tested. As a result, R723 could become the basis for next generation of potent and selective compounds targeting JAK2-dependent myeloproliferative diseases.
DrosophilaSOCS36E negatively regulates JAK/STAT pathway signaling via two separable mechanisms (2013)

Conserved from humans to Drosophila, the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) signaling cascade is essential for multiple developmental and homeostatic processes, with regulatory molecules controlling pathway activity also highly conserved. We characterize the Drosophila JAK/STAT pathway regulator SOCS36E and show that it functions via two independent mechanisms. First, we show that Drosophila Elongin B/C and Cullin-5 act via the SOCS-box of SOCS36E to reduce pathway activity specifically in response to ligand stimulation--a process that involves endocytic trafficking and lysosomal degradation of the Domeless (Dome) receptor. Second, SOCS36E also suppresses both stimulated and basal pathway activity via an Elongin/Cullin-independent mechanism that is mediated by the N-terminus of SOCS36E, which is required for the physical interaction of SOCS36E with Dome. Although some human SOCS proteins contain N-terminal kinase-inhibitory domains, we do not identify such a region in SOCS36E and propose a model wherein the N-terminal of SOCS36E blocks access to tyrosine residues in Dome. Our biochemical analysis of a SOCS-family regulator from a lower organism highlights the fundamental conserved roles played by regulatory mechanisms in signal transduction.
STX2171, a 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 3 inhibitor, is efficacious in vivo in a novel hormone-dependent prostate cancer model (2012)

17β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17β-HSDs) catalyse the 17-position reduction/oxidation of steroids. 17β-HSD type 3 (17β-HSD3) catalyses the reduction of the weakly androgenic androstenedione (adione) to testosterone, suggesting that specific inhibitors of 17β-HSD3 may have a role in the treatment of hormone-dependent prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. STX2171 is a novel selective non-steroidal 17β-HSD3 inhibitor with an IC(50) of ∼200 nM in a whole-cell assay. It inhibits adione-stimulated proliferation of 17β-HSD3-expressing androgen receptor-positive LNCaP(HSD3) prostate cancer cells in vitro. An androgen-stimulated LNCaP(HSD3) xenograft proof-of-concept model was developed to study the efficacies of STX2171 and a more established 17β-HSD3 inhibitor, STX1383 (SCH-451659, Schering-Plough), in vivo. Castrated male MF-1 mice were inoculated s.c. with 1×10(7) cells 24 h after an initial daily dose of testosterone propionate (TP) or vehicle. After 4 weeks, tumours had not developed in vehicle-dosed mice, but were present in 50% of those mice given TP. One week after switching the stimulus to adione, mice were dosed additionally with the vehicle or inhibitor for a further 4 weeks. Both TP and adione efficiently stimulated tumour growth and increased plasma testosterone levels; however, in the presence of either 17β-HSD3 inhibitor, adione-dependent tumour growth was significantly inhibited and plasma testosterone levels reduced. Mouse body weights were unaffected. Both inhibitors also significantly lowered plasma testosterone levels in intact mice. In conclusion, STX2171 and STX1383 significantly lower plasma testosterone levels and inhibit androgen-dependent tumour growth in vivo, indicating that 17β-HSD3 inhibitors may have application in the treatment of hormone-dependent prostate cancer.
13.3 A 22nm 32Mb Embedded STT-MRAM with 10ns Read Speed, 1M Cycle Write Endurance, 10 Years Retention at 150°C and High Immunity to Magnetic Field Interference (2020)

STT-MRAM is a promising solution for next-generation embedded non-volatile memory (NVM), supporting a wide range of applications. Compared to traditional embedded Flash [1]–[2], STT-MRAM is a CMOS-compatible low-temperature back-end-of-the-line (BEOL) memory, requiring only 2-to-5 extra masks. It is a byte-alterable NVM with excellent write speed, write endurance (>1M cycles), and high-temperature data retention capability. In this work, a 32Mb STT-MRAM using a 0.0456µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> bit cell is fabricated using a 22nm ultra-low leakage (ULL) CMOS process. A WL-voltage generation system, with distributed local constant-current kickers, and power-gating switches is used to overdrive the WL to achieve a higher read margin, while maintaining low-standby current and fast wake-up. Sense amplifiers (SAs) with segment trimming and adaptive timing control are designed to support reliable reads from −40 to 125°C. A smart write, with multiple write pulses controlled by adaptive write-verify and a temperature compensated write bias, is used for efficient write operation. Magnetic field interference is reduced by six orders of magnitude by adding a shielding film to the packaged die.
Secure Behavior of Web Browsers to Prevent Information Leakages (2007)

Recently Web browsers are widely used as client-side application platforms beyond the traditional use of Web browsers. One of main reasons for such evolution of the browsers is the client-side JavaScript language that can execute programs embedded in a document. However, Web applications with client-side JavaScript programs have problems of leaking private information (such as cookie information) due to interactions between the browser and scripts embedded in the document. We propose a new calculus representing browser behavior that prevents information from leakage by means of language-based information flow. The proposed calculus can deal with script rewriting and higher-order functions. In addition, our calculus has a noninterference property depending on a security policy statically given by the user.
Design of a Loudspeaker System with a Low-Frequency Cardiodlike Radiation Pattern (1997)

A low-frequency loudspeaker system has been designed and tested that has a cardioidlike radiation pattern. The system is based on a combination of a monopole and a dipole source. These sources are obtained by feeding two closely spaced loudspeaker drivers with specially preprocessed audio signals. The design has been tested with simulations and measurements on a laboratory test model. It can be applied in public-address systems, where the directivity can be used to reduce the howl back at low frequencies and also to avoid the generation of unwanted reflections and reverberation. The method can also be used in audio reproduction, where the directivity at low frequencies also avoids unwanted reflections and reverberation. A special application is found in wave field synthesis arrays, also with the benefit of reducing radiation in unwanted directions.