gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and T cell cytokine profile in periodontitis granulation tissue (2001)

Th2 cells are more abundant than Th1 cells in periodontitis lesions, but the relative importance of the Th1 and Th2 subsets in periodontal disease is not understood. In addition, the role of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in this disease process is unclear. Biopsies were obtained from 10 patients with early onset periodontitis (EOP) and 10 patients with adult periodontitis (AP). From all of the patients in the AP group we were able to obtain and section the gingival tissue to serve as controls. We used polyclonal monospecific antibodies to detect cells expressing IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-15, tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of granulation tissue from periodontitis lesions. We also employed a series of oligonucleotide probes to detect cells expressing the cytokine transcripts in the same tissue biopsies. Cells that expressed IL-4 or IL-6 were more numerous than cells expressing either IL-2 or IFN-gamma. Th2 cells were more numerous in EOP and AP tissues. IL-15 substitutes for IL-2 in a number of biological activities related to the Th1 immune response, and interestingly, in periodontal lesions the IL-15-expressing cells outnumbered IL-2-expressing cells, suggesting that this is the pattern of immune regulation by T cells in the periodontium. The functional balance in the T cell subsets detected by their cytokine profiles underlies the importance of the anti-inflammatory mechanisms taking place in the diseased tissue. The numbers of inflammatory leucocytes that express the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 are much more widely distributed than those that express the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha. This study suggests that large numbers of infiltrating inflammatory cells as well as accessory cells are involved in the down-regulation of the inflammatory and immune response in periodontitis.
Offset-DQPSK modulation format for 40 Gb/s and comparison to RZ-DQPSK in WDM environment (2004)

We propose offset-DQPSK as a modified DPSK modulation format. The receiver sensitivity (Monte-Carlo simulations), the dispersion tolerance and the robustness towards nonlinear effects are investigated and compared with RZ-DQPSK.
Origin of Fine Ferrite Grain Structure of Sheet Steel Hot-rolled in Ferrite Region without Lubrication (1999)

The structural variation in the thickness direction of ultra-low C sheet steel rolled in the ferrite region without lubrication is analyzed with EBSD technique as well as conventional measuring method. (1) A nonuniform microstructure through the thickness is formed due to the additional shear strain introduced by frictional force between the rolls and the material, and the fine grains with the size of 1.0 to 1.5 microns are observed near the surface where the shear strain is maximum. Since the dislocation density of these grains is relatively low and these grains are surrounded by high-angle boundaries having a misorientation angle over 15°, these grains might be recrystallized ones. (2) The microstructure observed in the etched steel with SEM are changed continuously from the deformed grains to the subgrains and the recrystallized grains with increasing shear strain. On the other hand, the size of the subgrains consisting of substructure is 0.5 to 1.0 microns by means of EBSD, and it is independent of shear strain. (3) The misorientation angle between the adjacent subgrains is increased with increasing shear strain, and high-angle boundaries are formed near the surface. (4) These experimental results suggest that the fine recrystallized grains might have formed in such a way that the subgrains are rotated continuously and the misorientation angle between the adjacent subgrains is increased over 15° with increasing shear strain, and the rearrangement of dislocations occurs during and/or after rolling, resulting in the formation of recrystallized grains.
Lithium Detection in a Binary Al-20 wt% Li Alloy Powder with a New Windowless SDD EDS Detector and EELS (2018)

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High Capacitance, Large Area, Thin Film, Nanocomposite Based Embedded Capacitors (2006)

This paper discusses thin film technology based on barium titanate (BaTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> )-epoxy polymer nanocomposites. In particular, we highlight recent developments on high capacitance, large area, thin film passives, their integration in PWB substrates and the reliability of the embedded capacitors. A variety of nanocomposite thin films ranging from 2 microns to 25 microns thick were processed on PWB substrates by liquid coating or printing processes. SEM micrographs showed uniform particle distribution in the coatings. The electrical performance of composites was characterized by dielectric constant (Dk), capacitance and dissipation factor (loss) measurements. Nanocomposites resulted in high capacitance density (10-100 nF/inch <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) and low loss (0.02-0.04) at 1 MHz. The manufacturability of these films and their reliability has been tested using large area (13 inch times 18 inch or 19.5 inch times24 inch) test vehicles. Reliability of the test vehicles was ascertained by IR-reflow, thermal cycling, PCT (pressure cooker test) and solder shock. Capacitors were stable after PCT and solder shock. Capacitance change was less than 5% after IR reflow (assembly) preconditioning (3X, 245 degC) and 1400 cycles DTC (deep thermal cycle)
Nucleotide sequence deletions within the coding region for small-t antigen of simian virus 40 (1979)

Simian virus 40 early mutants with deletions mapping in the 0.53-0.60 region have been sequenced by the Maxam and Gilbert approach. All these deletions effect the small-t gene. The size of the shortened small-t-related polypeptides produced by several of the mutants has been compared with the molecular weight as deduced from the nucleotide sequence. There was good agreement for the mutants dl890, dl891, and dl2102. For dl2121 and dl2122 the small-t-related protein was considerably larger than expected. It is possible to explain this result on the basis of the nucleotide sequence: the normal splicing event of the small-t mRNA still occurs, but as the deletion shifts the reading frame, translation of the small-t-related polypeptide continues beyond the small-t splice, but in a different reading frame than large-T. Mutants dl883, dl884, and dl2112 have lost one of the small-t splicing boundaries, and no (or minute amonts of) small-t-related protein has been observed in mutant-infected cells. The possible relationship between splicing and transport of polyadenylic acid-containing mRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm in vertebrae cells is discussed.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Citrinadins A and B. Stereochemical Revision of Their Assigned Structures (2014)

The concise, enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-citrinadin A and (+)-citrinadin B in a total of only 20 and 21 steps, respectively, from commercially available starting materials are described. Our strategy, which minimizes refunctionalization and protection/deprotection operations, features the highly diastereoselective, vinylogous Mannich addition of a dienolate to a chiral pyridinium salt to set the first chiral center. The absolute stereochemistry of this key center was then relayed by a sequence of substrate-controlled reactions, including a highly stereoselective epoxidation/ring opening sequence and an oxidative rearrangement of an indole to furnish a spirooxindole to establish the remaining stereocenters in the pentacyclic core of the citrinadins. An early stage intermediate in the synthesis of (-)-citrinadin A was deoxygenated to generate a dehydroxy compound that was elaborated into (+)-citrinadin B by a sequence of reaction identical to those used to prepare (-)-citrinadin A. These concise syntheses of (-)-citrinadin A and (+)-citrinadin B led to a revision of their stereochemical structures.
System Modelling and Design Aspects of Next Generation High Throughput\n Satellites (2020)

Future generation wireless networks are targeting the convergence of fixed,\nmobile and broadcasting systems with the integration of satellite and\nterrestrial systems towards utilizing their mutual benefits. Satellite\nCommunications (Sat- Com) is envisioned to play a vital role to provide\nintegrated services seamlessly over heterogeneous networks. As compared to\nterrestrial systems, the design of SatCom systems require a different approach\ndue to differences in terms of wave propagation, operating frequency, antenna\nstructures, interfering sources, limitations of onboard processing, power\nlimitations and transceiver impairments. In this regard, this letter aims to\nidentify and discuss important modeling and design aspects of the next\ngeneration High Throughput Satellite (HTS) systems. First, communication models\nof HTSs including the ones for multibeam and multicarrier satellites, multiple\nantenna techniques, and for SatCom payloads and antennas are highlighted and\ndiscussed. Subsequently, various design aspects of SatCom transceivers\nincluding impairments related to the transceiver, payload and channel, and\ntraffic-based coverage adaptation are presented. Finally, some open topics for\nthe design of next generation HTSs are identified and discussed.\n
Cause of Pulse Artefacts Inherent to the Electrodes of Neuromodulation Implants (2018)

The current pulses delivered through platinum electrodes by medical implants to recruit neurons give rise to slowly decaying voltage tails, called "artefacts." These tails make measurement of evoked potentials following the pulses very difficult. We present an evidence to show that in a typical clinical scenario, these tails are mostly caused by the concentration gradients of species induced in the electrical double layer adsorbed onto the surface of both stimulating and passive electrodes. A compact model is presented that allows the simulation of these artefacts. The model is verified against measurements made in saline. This shows that electrode artefacts are an intrinsic property of the conductive electrodes of a lead.
Baseline Serum Vitamin A and D Levels Determine Benefit of Oral Vitamin A&D Supplements to Humoral Immune Responses Following Pediatric Influenza Vaccination (2019)

Maximizing vaccine efficacy is critical, but previous research has failed to provide a one-size-fits-all solution. Although vitamin A and vitamin D supplementation studies have been designed to improve vaccine efficacy, experimental results have been inconclusive. Information is urgently needed to explain study discrepancies and to provide guidance for the future use of vitamin supplements at the time of vaccination. We conducted a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled study of influenza virus vaccination and vitamin supplementation among 2 to 8 (inclusive) year old children over three seasons, including 2015-2016 (<i>n</i> = 9), 2016-2017 (<i>n</i> = 44), and 2017-2018 (<i>n</i> = 26). Baseline measurements of vitamins A and D were obtained from all participants. Measurements were of serum retinol, retinol-binding protein (RBP, a surrogate for retinol), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D). Participants were stratified into two groups based on high and low incoming levels of RBP. Children received two doses of the seasonal influenza virus vaccine on days 0 and 28, either with an oral vitamin supplement (termed A&D; 20,000 IU retinyl palmitate and 2000 IU cholecalciferol) or a matched placebo. Hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) antibody responses were evaluated toward all four components of the influenza virus vaccines on days 0, 28, and 56. Our primary data were from season 2016-2017, as enrollment was highest in this season and all children exhibited homogeneous and negative HAI responses toward the Phuket vaccine at study entry. Responses among children who entered the study with insufficient or deficient levels of RBP and 25(OH)D benefited from the A&D supplement (<i>p</i> < 0.001 for the day 28 Phuket response), whereas responses among children with replete levels of RBP and 25(OH)D at baseline were unaffected or weakened (<i>p</i> = 0.02 for the day 28 Phuket response). High baseline RBP levels associated with high HAI titers, particularly for children in the placebo group (baseline RBP correlated positively with Phuket HAI titers on day 28, <i>r</i> = 0.6, <i>p</i> = 0.003). In contrast, high baseline 25(OH)D levels associated with weak HAI titers, particularly for children in the A&D group (baseline 25(OH)D correlated negatively with Phuket HAI titers on day 28, <i>r</i> = -0.5, <i>p</i> = 0.02). Overall, our study demonstrates that vitamin A&D supplementation can improve immune responses to vaccines when children are vitamin A and D-insufficient at baseline. Results provide guidance for the appropriate use of vitamins A and D in future clinical vaccine studies.
Precise Multi-Modal In-Hand Pose Estimation using Low-Precision Sensors for Robotic Assembly (2021)

In industrial assembly tasks, the in-hand pose of grasped objects needs to be known with high precision for subsequent manipulation tasks such as insertion. This problem (in-hand-pose estimation) has traditionally been addressed using visual recognition or tactile sensing. On the one hand, while visual recognition can provide efficient pose estimates, it tends to suffer from low precision due to noise, occlusions and calibration errors. On the other hand, tactile fingertip sensors can provide precise complementary information, but their low durability significantly limits their use in real-world applications. To get the best of both worlds, we propose an efficient method for in-hand pose estimation using off-the-shelf cameras and robot wrist force sensors, which requires no precise camera calibration. The key idea is to utilize visual and contact information adaptively to maximally reduce the uncertainty about the in-hand object pose in a Bayesian state estimation framework. As most of the uncertainty can be resolved from visual observations, our approach reduces the number of physical environment interactions while keeping a high pose estimation accuracy. Our experimental evaluation demonstrates that our approach can estimate object poses with sub-mm precision with an off-the-shelf camera and force-torque sensor.
Shear wave induced resonance elastography of spherical masses with polarized torsional waves (2012)

Shear Wave Induced Resonance (SWIR) is a technique for dynamic ultrasound elastography of confined mechanical inclusions. It was developed for breast tumor imaging and tissue characterization. This method relies on the polarization of torsional shear waves modeled with the Helmholtz equation in spherical coordinates. To validate modeling, an <i>in vitro</i> set-up was used to measure and image the first three eigenfrequencies and eigenmodes of a soft sphere. A preliminary <i>in vivo</i> SWIR measurement on a breast fibroadenoma is also reported. Results revealed the potential of SWIR elastography to detect and mechanically characterize breast lesions for early cancer detection.
The Defensive Activation theory: dreaming as a mechanism to prevent takeover of the visual cortex (2020)

Abstract Regions of the brain maintain their territory with continuous activity: if activity slows or stops (e.g., because of blindness), the territory tends to be taken over by its neighbors. A surprise in recent years has been the speed of takeover, which is measurable within an hour. These findings lead us to a new hypothesis on the origin of dream sleep. We hypothesize that the circuitry underlying dreaming serves to amplify the visual system’s activity periodically throughout the night, allowing it to defend its territory against takeover from other senses. We find that measures of plasticity across 25 species of primates correlate positively with the proportion of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. We further find that plasticity and REM sleep increase in lockstep with evolutionary recency to humans. Finally, our hypothesis is consistent with the decrease in REM sleep and parallel decrease in neuroplasticity with aging.
Protocol for clickable photoaffinity labeling and quantitative chemical proteomics (2021)

Here, we describe a protocol for a photoaffinity labeling probe strategy for target deconvolution in live cells. We made a chemical probe by incorporation of a photoreactive group to covalently cross-link with adjacent amino acid residues upon UV irradiation. Click chemistry-based enrichment captures labeled proteins for proteomic analysis. Here, we detail specifics for finding targets of LXRβ, but the protocol has potential for application to other targets. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Seneviratne et al. (2020).
Both Th1 and Th2 Cytokines Affect the Ability of Monoclonal Antibodies To Protect Mice againstCryptococcus neoformans (2001)

Variable-region-identical mouse immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1), IgG2b, and IgG2a monoclonal antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of Cryptococcus neoformans prolong the lives of mice infected with this fungus, while IgG3 is either not protective or enhances infection. CD4+ T cells are required for IgG1-mediated protection, and CD8+ T cells are required for IgG3-mediated enhancement. Gamma interferon is required for both effects. These findings revealed that T cells and cytokines play a role in the modulation of cryptococcal infection by antibodies and suggested that it was important to more fully define the cytokine requirements of each of the antibody isotypes. We therefore investigated the efficacy of passively administered variable-region-identical IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b, and IgG3 monoclonal antibodies against intravenous infection with C. neoformans in mice genetically deficient in interleukin-12 (IL-12), IL-6, IL-4, or IL-10, as well as in the parental C57BL/6J strain. The relative inherent susceptibilities of these mouse strains to C. neoformans were as follows: IL-12(-/-) > IL-6(-/-) > C57BL/6J approximately IL-4(-/-) >> IL-10(-/-). This is consistent with the notion that a Th1 response is necessary for natural immunity against cryptococcal infection. However, none of the IgG isotypes prolonged survival in IL-12(-/-), IL-6(-/-), or IL-4(-/-) mice, and all isotypes significantly enhanced infection in IL-10(-/-) mice. These results indicate that passive antibody-mediated protection against C. neoformans requires both Th1- and Th2-associated cytokines and reveal the complexity of the mechanisms through which antibodies modulate infection with this organism.
Image-guided dynamic laser coagulation using a double-clad fiber-based system (Conference Presentation) (2016)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) used in combination with laser coagulation to mark selected regions of interest could efficiently guide the collection of biopsies. This would reduce false-negative findings, and have a significant impact on the management of Barrett’s esophagus. Here, we present a system based on double-clad fiber (DCF) capable of delivering marking laser light through the inner cladding while performing OCT through the core. A previously clinically validated commercial OCT system (NVisionVLE, Ninepoint Medical) was adapted in order to perform in vivo esophageal image-guided dynamic laser marking. A dedicated DCF coupler (core signal transmission: ~95%; inner cladding coupling: ~75%) was implemented into the system to combine both modalities into the DCF. The original rotary junction, necessary for helical scanning with a side-looking fiber probe, was replaced by a custom DCF-based optical rotary junction (Princetel Inc.). This rotary junction was optimized to provide low insertion loss and crosstalk to preserve imaging quality (effective dynamic range of up to 52dB). DCF-based OCT catheters were designed to have a beam waist diameter of 62±4µm at a working distance of 9.3±0.4mm, for use with a 17-mm diameter balloon sheath. Our previous ex vivo marking experiments demonstrate that, based on the characterization of these DCF components, the system is capable of single-pulse laser marking at 1436 nm. This enables further in vivo experiments to demonstrate image-guided dynamic laser marking and potentially other therapeutic applications. © (2016) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Links between the Oncoprotein YB-1 and Small Non-Coding RNAs in Breast Cancer (2013)

YB-1 binds to specific miRNAs, snoRNAs and tRNA-derived fragments and appears to regulate the expression of miRNA biogenesis and processing machinery. We propose that some of the oncogenic effects of YB-1 in breast cancer may be mediated through its interactions with sncRNAs.
Actinic imaging of known native defects on a full-field mask (2009)

We report the use of high-resolution actinic (EUV-wavelength) imaging to inspect known native and programmed defects on a full-field EUV mask.Following exposure in the ASML Alpha Demo Tool (ADT) at CNSE in Albany NY, an EUV reticle and its prints were inspected using KLA tools.Defects were also investigated using SEM, and a classification system was developed that separated the defects into the following categories: cleaning residue, particle, pattern defect, blank defects, and nuisance.EUV imaging, performed with the SEMATECH Berkeley Actinic Inspection Tool, adds new information about the optical properties of these reticle defects.We observed that defects that appear opaque in the SEM can be highly transparent to EUV light, and inversely, defects that are mostly transparent to the SEM can be completely opaque.The EUV behavior of other defects, which are weakly observable in the SEM images, suggests that may be buried phase defects.We will present the through-focus behavior of several interesting defects, and discuss both printability and detectability at EUV wavelengths.
Utilization of Copper-Catalyzed Carboarylation–Ring Closure for the Synthesis of New Oxazoline Derivatives (2015)

A copper-catalyzed carboarylation-ring-closure strategy was used for the modular synthesis of oxazolines via the reaction of 1-aryl- and 1-alkylpropargylamides and diaryliodonium salts. The novel approach enables the efficient, modular synthesis of oxazoline derivatives bearing fully substituted exo double bonds.
NbC: A machining alternative for dry and MQL face-milling of grey cast rion (GCI) (2016)

NbC was studied as the major carbide phase with Ni and Co binders, produced by both spark plasma sintering (SPS) and liquid phase sintering (LPS), and tested as cutting inserts during dry and MQL (Minimum quantity lubrication) face-milling of grey cast iron (GCI) (BS 1452, Grade 17).