gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rh-MnO Interface Sites Formed by Atomic Layer Deposition Promote Syngas Conversion to Higher Oxygenates (2017)

Rhodium (Rh) catalysts are among the major candidates for syngas conversion to higher oxygenates (C2+oxy), with manganese (Mn) as a commonly used promoter for enhancing the activity and selectivity toward C2+oxy. In this study, we use atomic layer deposition (ALD) to controllably modify Rh catalysts with MnO, by depositing manganese oxide as a support layer or an overlayer, in order to identify the function of the Mn promoter. We also compare the ALD-modified catalysts with those prepared by coimpregnation. An ultrathin MnO support layer shows the most effective enhancement for C2+oxy production. Transmission electron microscopy, temperature-programmed reduction, and diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy characterization indicates that formation of Rh–MnO interface sites is responsible for the observed activity and selectivity improvements, while ruling out Rh nanoparticle size and alloy or mixed oxide formation as significant contributors. MnO overlayers on Rh appear to suffer from poor stability upon CO adsorption and are less effective than a MnO support layer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations show that MnO species on the Rh(111) surface lower the transition state energy for CO bond dissociation and stabilize the key transition state for C2+oxy synthesis more significantly than that for methane synthesis, leading to enhanced activity and C2+oxy selectivity.
Rab11A regulates the constitutive secretory pathway during Toxoplasma gondii invasion of host cells and parasite replication (2019)

Summary Toxoplasma gondii possesses an armada of secreted virulent factors that enable parasite invasion and survival into host cells. These factors are contained in specific secretory organelles, the rhoptries, micronemes and dense granules that release their content upon host cell recognition. Dense granules are secreted in a constitutive manner during parasite replication and play a crucial role in modulating host metabolic and immune responses. While the molecular mechanisms triggering rhoptry and microneme release upon host cell adhesion have been well studied, constitutive secretion remains a poorly explored aspect of T. gondii vesicular trafficking. Here, we investigated the role of the small GTPase Rab11A, a known regulator of exocytosis in eukaryotic cells. Our data revealed an essential role of Rab11A in promoting the cytoskeleton driven transport of DG and the release of their content into the vacuolar space. Rab11A also regulates transmembrane protein trafficking and localization during parasite replication, indicating a broader role of Rab11A in cargo exocytosis at the plasma membrane. Moreover, we found that Rab11A also regulates extracellular parasite motility and adhesion to host cells. In line with these findings, MIC2 secretion was altered in Rab11A-defective parasites, which also exhibited severe morphological defects. Strikingly, by live imaging we observed a polarized accumulation of Rab11A-positive vesicles and dense granules at the apical pole of extracellular motile parasites suggesting that a Rab11A-dependent apically polarized transport of cargo regulates parasite motility.
Editorial Note (1960)

Data have been presented which indicate that the liquid scintillation spectrometer provides a convenient and accurate method for the assay of tritium in body fluids. By means of arterial disappearance curves and comparative measurements of concentrations in plasma, transudates, and cerebrospinal fluid from 1 to 6 hours after simultaneous injection, the distribution rates of tritiated water were compared to those of deuterium oxide. No significant difference was found in the behavior of these tracers under the conditions of this study. It is concluded, therefore, that THO and D 2 O are equally reliable for studies on the kinetics of water distribution and for the measurement of total body water.
Acoustic suppression of the coffee-ring effect (2015)

We study the influence of acoustic fields on the evaporative self-assembly of solute particles suspended inside sessile droplets of complex fluids. The self-assembly process often results in an undesirable ring-like heterogeneous residue, a phenomenon known as the coffee-ring effect. Here we show that this ring-like self-assembly can be controlled acoustically to form homogeneous disc-like or concentrated spot-like residues. The principle of our method lies in the formation of dynamic patterns of particles in acoustically excited droplets, which inhibits the evaporation-driven convective transport of particles towards the contact line. We elucidate the mechanisms of this pattern formation and also obtain conditions for the suppression of the coffee-ring effect. Our results provide a more general solution to suppress the coffee-ring effect without any physiochemical modification of the fluids, the particles or the surface, thus potentially useful in a broad range of industrial and analytical applications that require homogenous solute depositions.
Quantitative Carrier Concentration Profiling by Scanning Resonance Tunneling Spectroscopy (2005)

We investigated resonant electron tunneling peaks of individual C60 molecules placed on oxidized silicon surfaces for uniform‐doped wafers employing scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. Systematic increase of the C60‐derived resonance peak energy with decrease of boron concentration and with the position in the depletion region of lateral p‐n junctions both indicate that the peak energy can be used for quantitative evaluation of carrier density with high spatial resolution. The observed peak energy variation is supported by a calculation within a one‐dimensional tunnel diode model.
Association between amino acid turnover and chromosome aneuploidy during human preimplantation embryo development in vitro (2010)

This study investigated the relationship between human preimplantation embryo metabolism and aneuploidy rates during development in vitro. One hundred and eighty-eight fresh and cryopreserved embryos from 59 patients (33.9 +/- 0.6 years) were cultured for 2-5 days. The turnover of 18 amino acids was measured in spent media by high-performance liquid chromatography. Embryos were either fixed for interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis of chromosomes 13, 18, 19, 21, X or Y, or were assayed for mitochondrial activity. Amino acid turnover was different (P < 0.05) between stage-matched fresh and cryopreserved embryos due to blastomere loss following warming. The proportion of embryos with aneuploid cells increased as cell division progressed from pronucleate- (23%) to late cleavage stages (50-70%). Asparagine, glycine and valine turnover was significantly different between uniformly genetically normal and uniformly abnormal embryos on Days 2-3 of culture. By Days 3-4, the profiles of serine, leucine and lysine differed between uniformly euploid versus aneuploid embryos. Gender significantly (P < 0.05) affected the metabolism of tryptophan, leucine and asparagine by cleavage-stage embryos. Pronucleate zygotes had a significantly higher proportion of active:inactive mitochondria compared with cleavage-stage embryos. Furthermore, mitochondrial activity was correlated (P < 0.05) with altered aspartate and glutamine turnover. These results demonstrate the association between the metabolism, cytogenetic composition and health of human embryos in vitro.
Revisiting the Role of Conductivity and Polarity of Host Materials for Long‐Life Lithium–Sulfur Battery (2020)

Abstract Despite their high theoretical energy density and low cost, lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs) suffer from poor cycle life and low energy efficiency owing to the polysulfides shuttle and the electronic insulating nature of sulfur. Conductivity and polarity are two critical parameters for the search of optimal sulfur host materials. However, their role in immobilizing polysulfides and enhancing redox kinetics for long‐life LSBs are not fully understood. This work has conducted an evaluation on the role of polarity over conductivity by using a polar but nonconductive platelet ordered mesoporous silica (pOMS) and its replica platelet ordered mesoporous carbon (pOMC), which is conductive but nonpolar. It is found that the polar pOMS/S cathode with a sulfur mass fraction of 80 wt% demonstrates outstanding long‐term cycle stability for 2000 cycles even at a high current density of 2C. Furthermore, the pOMS/S cathode with a high sulfur loading of 6.5 mg cm −2 illustrates high areal and volumetric capacities with high capacity retention. Complementary physical and electrochemical probes clearly show that surface polarity and structure are more dominant factors for sulfur utilization efficiency and long‐life, while the conductivity can be compensated by the conductive agent involved as a required electrode material during electrode preparation. The present findings shed new light on the design principles of sulfur hosts towards long‐life and highly efficient LSBs.
Performance Analysis of a Spread-Spectrum Satellite Return Link Protocol for Small Antenna Sizes (2018)

A system study on the performance of nonorthogonal spread-spectrum Aloha waveforms applied on the return link for narrowband fixed GEO satellite services such as M2M/IoT in Ku-band is presented. In this context the performance of small antennas is evaluated based on a model extrapolating the link performance of the strongest received terminal to the performance of the entire system. Link budget calculations including applicable regulatory limits are employed to evaluate the system performance. Useful optimizations are demonstrated improving the latter remarkably. Furthermore, system sizing aspects are discussed with particular attention to the satellite transponder sensitivity.
Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Vertical 5×5 Heated Rod Bundles around Critical Pressure with R-134a (2011)

With the aim of researching the heat transfer characteristics around the critical pressure in rod bundle geometry, the behaviors of the heating surface temperatures at the vertical 5×5 heated rod bundles with R-134a were experimentally investigated under both pressurizing and depressurizing processes, where the pressure constantly decreases from supercritical to subcritical and constantly increases from subcritical to supercritical under constant inlet thermal conditions. As the pressure approaches the critical pressure, a DNB type or a dryout type of CHF was induced, and then the post-CHF was kept until the vicinity of the critical pressure. Under the supercritical pressure, the post-CHF disappeared due to the extinction of boiling phenomena, but the heat transfer deterioration was induced in a certain pressure range. In the depressurizing process, the heating surface temperatures followed the trajectory of temperature behaviors as in the pressurizing process except for the quenching point. The quenching point from the post-CHF moved to the lower pressure side than the pressure as for the CHF in the pressurizing process. This phenomenon was considered as the hysteresis phenomenon frequently observed in pool boiling curve characteristics.
Abstract WP123: Neuroprotective Efficacy of P7C3-A20 After Ischemic Stroke (2017)

Ischemic stroke is a devastating condition with few therapeutics available. The recently identified neuroprotective compound P7C3-A20 (A20) inhibits mature neuronal apoptosis while increasing the net magnitude of postnatal neurogenesis. P7C3 compounds enhance flux of NAD in the salvage pathway, a proposed therapeutic utility in treating stroke patients. P7C3 has demonstrated efficacy in several preclinical neurodegenerative models, yet it has never been tested in focal cerebral ischemia. Implementing STAIR recommendations, a 90min rat middle cerebral artery occlusion was performed followed by immediate injection of A20 or vehicle and then twice daily injections for 7 days. The therapeutic window was assessed using the same experimental paradigm, with rats injected at a delayed time point (6hrs). Acutely (n=12/group), A20-treated rats had significantly fewer missteps in the sensorimotor grid-walk task (A20 mean (AM)=16.8±3; Vehicle mean (VM)=33.%±7.4), and chronically (28 days post-injury) had significantly reduced escape latencies on day 4 in the water maze task (AM=16.7±1.6; VM=24.2±1.7) than vehicle-treated controls. Behavioral improvements were associated with significantly decreased cortical (AM=0.44±0.03; VM=0.35±0.01) and hippocampal atrophy (AM =0.94±0.05; VM=0.81±0.03) and increased neurogenesis in the subventricular zone (AM=513±29; VM=356±31). Furthermore, normalized NAD levels decreased in vehicle-treated rats (VM=0.2±0.03) and this was rescued with A20 treatment (AM=0.35±0.04). A20 continued to demonstrate efficacy in sensorimotor and working memory behavior tasks when administered at 6hrs. Both A20-treated rat time points showed the most improvement with asymmetry in the cylinder task (Immediate AM=34.5±3.3; Delayed AM=40.7±3; Immediate VM=26.5±3.9; delayed VM=30.3±6.1) and working memory (Immediate AM=39.4±7.1; Delayed AM=41.9±6.5; Immediate VM=35.9±8.1; delayed VM=6.36±7.9) compared with vehicle controls (n=4-5/group). In conclusion, these studies demonstrate that treatment with A20 produces benefits on both degenerative and reparative processes after focal ischemia, which translates into behavioral improvement and suggests new therapeutic approaches to treat stroke patients.
Non-Gaussian diffusers as phase encoders in neurooptic processors (1986)

Key elements of the Northrop neurooptic processor 1 include an array of nonlinear processing elements (neurons) and means for effecting space-variant interconnections (synapses) between any two of these processing elements. The latter take the form of holographic phase gratings distributed within a volume of LiNbO 3 . Phase encoding of processor outputs must be used to avoid Bragg cone coupling effects 2 and, hence, undesired interconnect degeneracies within the LiNbO 3 . Phase encoding may be accomplished by using non-Gaussian optical diffusers with tunable Wiener spectra and adjustable correlation lengths within the image plane of the processor array. Diffuser design criteria include the minimization of processor output cross-correlation functions and the attainment of processor output autocorrelation functions which most closely resemble delta functions. In this paper, the analysis of an appropriate diffuser is described, and several fabrication techniques are presented. Specifically, computer-generated and optically synthesized binary diffusers derived from bandlimited Gaussian noise are discussed. Finally, an experimental setup for examining diffuser autocorrelation functions is described.
Novel assessment of lip redness and microcirculation using optical coherence tomography after dermal filler injection (2023)

The results suggest an increased microvasculature network observed in OCT-A images in young females. The increased blood vessel density and thickness observed by OCT-A after HA lip filler injection is associated with increased lip redness and volume as assessed by colorimetric three-dimensional photography; however, more research is needed to confirm these findings. This study presents OCT-A as a novel noninvasive tool to investigate changes in lip microvascularity after HA filler injection and indicates that HA filler procedures may affect lip vascularity.
Multisite functional connectivity MRI classification of autism: ABIDE results (2013)

Multisite functional connectivity classification of autism outperformed chance using a simple leave-one-out classifier, but exhibited poorer accuracy than for single site results. Attempts to use multisite classifiers will likely require improved classification algorithms, longer BOLD imaging times, and standardized acquisition parameters for possible future clinical utility.
Shadowing, transitivity and a variation of omega-chaos (2023)

We study a special type of shadowing (DSP) of chain transitive continuous self-maps of compact Hausdorff spaces. We prove some basic properties of DSP. As application of DSP, we obtain sufficient conditions for a statistical variant of $ω$-chaos and prove the topological genericity of it. We also consider topological distribution of irregular points under the assumption of DSP.
Correlated imaging with shaped spatially partially coherent light (2006)

Using a classical source generating a field with an adjustable degree of spatial coherence, we propose and demonstrate a two-photon correlated Fourier imaging scheme in which both amplitude and phase information about the spatial frequencies of an object can be obtained. The effects of the incident field's partial coherence are discussed in a geometrical optics approach.
O-029 Diagnostically negative spontaneous subarachnoid haemorrhages: Clinical course, outcome and long-term angiographic follow-up (2013)

<h3>Introduction</h3> Diagnostic evaluation is negative in 10 to 15% of patients with spontaneous SAH; however, the long-term angiographic follow-up in these patients is unknown. In this study, we report the long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up of a cohort of patients with diagnostically negative subarachnoid haemorrhage (DNSAH) enrolled in the Barrow Ruptured Aneurysm Trial (BRAT). <h3>Methods</h3> The BRAT study database of patients was analysed for patients with DNSAH. Inclusion criteria were diagnosis of SAH and negative work up, including angiography and MRI of the brain and cervical spine. Follow-up was available at 6 months, one year and three years. Analysis included demographics, clinical course, mRS, and followup imaging studies. <h3>Results</h3> No aetiology for SAH could be identified in 56 of 471 (12%) patients enrolled in the BRAT study between March 2003 and January 2007. The mean age for the group with DNSAH was 51 years; 39 (70%) were female. Hydrocephalus required shunting in 4 (7.1%). Clinical symptomatic vasospasm occurred in 4 (7.1%) patients, leading to stroke in one. There were no re-bleeding events. Eleven patients were lost to follow-up and one died of unrelated causes. At one-year, a poor outcome (mRS&gt;2) was present in 4 of 46 (8.7%). At 3-year follow-up, neurovascular imaging was available in 33 and was negative. <h3>Conclusion</h3> Hydrocephalus and vasospasm, while infrequent, do occur in DNSAH. Long-term neurologic outcomes are generally good. A thorough evaluation to rule out an aetiology of haemorrhage is necessary, however, imaging beyond 6 weeks from ictus has little utility and re-bleeding is unexpected. <h3>Disclosures</h3> A. Elhadi: None. G. A.C. Mendes: None. K. Almefty: None. C. McDougall: None. P. Nakaji: None. R. F. Spetzler: None. J. M. Zabramski: None.
Evaluation of Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Using Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Measurement (2013)

In order to improve therapeutic antibodies efficacy in cancer patients, several strategies were developed. One of these strategies consists in the enhancement of effector functions. Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) was shown to mediate the activity of several therapeutic antibodies through interaction of the constant fragment (Fc) with immune cells. The interactions of Fc fragment can be modulated by engineering through modifications of the carbohydrate moieties or through modifications of some critical amino acids for its binding. Such modifications have to be studied in an in vitro assay to evaluate their impact on the regulation of effector functions. Here, we described a method to evaluate ADCC using a nonradioactive assay based on the measurement of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. NK cells were purified by negative immunomagnetic selection and used as effector cells to trigger ADCC against specific target tumor cells. The LDH release measurement from lysed cells is performed after 4 h incubation. This method can replace the (51)Cr release assay since it is less restrictive and highly sensitive.
A Narrow‐Bandgap n‐Type Polymer Semiconductor Enabling Efficient All‐Polymer Solar Cells (2019)

Currently, n-type acceptors in high-performance all-polymer solar cells (all-PSCs) are dominated by imide-functionalized polymers, which typically show medium bandgap. Herein, a novel narrow-bandgap polymer, poly(5,6-dicyano-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-alt-indacenodithiophene) (DCNBT-IDT), based on dicyanobenzothiadiazole without an imide group is reported. The strong electron-withdrawing cyano functionality enables DCNBT-IDT with n-type character and, more importantly, alleviates the steric hindrance associated with typical imide groups. Compared to the benchmark poly(naphthalene diimide-alt-bithiophene) (N2200), DCNBT-IDT shows a narrower bandgap (1.43 eV) with a much higher absorption coefficient (6.15 × 10<sup>4</sup> cm<sup>-1</sup> ). Such properties are elusive for polymer acceptors to date, eradicating the drawbacks inherited in N2200 and other high-performance polymer acceptors. When blended with a wide-bandgap polymer donor, the DCNBT-IDT-based all-PSCs achieve a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 8.32% with a small energy loss of 0.53 eV and a photoresponse of up to 870 nm. Such efficiency greatly outperforms those of N2200 (6.13%) and the naphthalene diimide (NDI)-based analog NDI-IDT (2.19%). This work breaks the long-standing bottlenecks limiting materials innovation of n-type polymers, which paves a new avenue for developing polymer acceptors with improved optoelectronic properties and heralds a brighter future of all-PSCs.
Visible-Light-Driven CO2 Reduction into Methanol Utilizing Sol-Gel-Prepared CeO2-Coupled Bi2O3 Nanocomposite Heterojunctions (2022)

Carbon dioxide (CO2) photoreduction into renewable fuels over semiconductor photocatalysts has emerged as a green and sustainable alternative for energy production. Consequently, tremendous efforts are being performed to develop robust and sustainable photocatalysts. Therefore, visible-light active nanocomposite photocatalysts composed of 5.0–20.0 wt.% bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) were synthesized by a sol-gel-based process. The prepared nanocomposites were evaluated for the promoted photocatalytic reduction of CO2 into methanol (CH3OH). Various characterizations of the obtained photocatalysts exposed an outstanding development of crystalline structure, morphology, and surface texture due to the presence of Bi2O3. Moreover, the absorbance of light in the visible regime was improved with enhanced charge separation, as revealed by the exploration of optical response, photoluminescence, and photocurrent measurements. The overall bandgap calculations revealed a reduction to 2.75 eV for 15% Bi2O3/CeO2 compared to 2.93 eV for pure CeO2. Moreover, the adjusted 2.8 g L−1 dose of 15% Bi2O3/CeO2 selectively produced 1300 μmol g−1 CH3OH after 9 h of visible light irradiation. This photocatalyst also exhibits bearable reusability five times. The improved progression of 15% Bi2O3/CeO2 is denoted by significant charge separation as well as enhanced mobility. This study suggests the application of metal oxide-based heterojunctions for renewable fuel production under visible light.