gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Natural Photosynthetic Carotenoids for Solution-Processed Organic Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells (2012)

In this work, we demonstrate utilization of natural carotenoids (Cars), namely, fucoxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene, as electron-donor molecules together with the electron-acceptor fullerene derivative [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in organic solar cells (OSCs). Unlike fucoxanthin and β-carotene, which form amorphous films, lycopene readily forms aggregates through a simple spin coating process. A high carrier mobility of up to 2.1 × 10–2 cm2/(V s) was observed for lycopene, which is three orders of magnitude greater than those of fucoxanthin and β-carotene, with values of (8.1 and 1.8) × 10–5 cm2/(V s), respectively. OSCs with different Car:PCBM blend ratios were optimized for these Cars. The highest photovoltaic performance was obtained for lycopene with a blend ratio of 1:1, at which the film morphology and charge transport were optimized. Replacement of the acceptor molecule PCBM with a high-lowest-unoccupied-molecular-orbital fullerene derivative indene-C60 bisadduct improved the overall conversion efficiency of lycopene-based OSCs by enhancing the open-circuit current (Voc). Interestingly, further investigation on charge-separation dynamics revealed that photocurrent is generated only from the S2 (1Bu+) state, and the others underwent ultrafast excitation relaxation through S2 → S1 (2Ag–) → S0 (ground state), leaving much room for further improvement.
Shear-mode scanning capacitance microscope (2001)

Scanning capacitance microscope (SCM) is developed using an all-metallic probe, whose distance from the sample is controlled by detecting the shear-force drag on the laterally oscillating probe. The oscillatory motion of the probe is electromechanically excited and detected. Using this SCM, a set of images of topography, dC/dV, and dC/dX is simultaneously obtained, where C and V are, respectively, capacitance and applied voltage between the probe and the sample, and X is the coordinate along probe tip oscillation. The SCM developed shows sensitivity for dC/dV higher than the conventional SCM. The dC/dX image clearly indicates the built-in depletion region due to the p–n junction.
Power and ground co-reference design for 16-32Gbps transceiver packages (2015)

The applications to increasing number of transceivers and data rate require extra ground pins (i.e. BGA balls) reserved for channel isolation and crosstalk control. To improve total pin utilization, a transceiver package often resorts to power pins to replace up to 50% of ground pins. However, power pins can fail providing adequate isolation for transceivers operating at 16Gbps and higher data rate. In this paper, we provide latest study results to the fundamental physics of transceiver crosstalk arising from power pin isolation. The mechanism is validated by modeling and simulation in both signal and power distribution network (PDN) domains. It is demonstrated that PDN resonance is reciprocally proportional to the crosstalk introduced. Most importantly, proper design approach is introduced to ensure power-ground co-referencing to deliver nearly identical performance as all-ground scheme in the 50dBs.
Rapamycin doses sufficient to extend lifespan do not compromise muscle mitochondrial content or endurance (2013)

Rapamycin extends lifespan in mice, but can have a number of undesirable effects that may ultimately limit its utility in humans. The canonical target of rapamycin, and the one thought to account for its effects on lifespan, is the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin, complex 1 (mTORC1). We have previously shown that at least some of the detrimental side effects of rapamycin are due to âoff targetâ disruption of mTORC2, suggesting they could be avoided by more specific targeting of mTORC1. However, mTORC1 inhibition per se can reduce the mRNA expression of mitochondrial genes and compromise the function of mitochondria in cultured muscle cells, implying that defects in bioenergetics might be an unavoidable consequence of targeting mTORC1 in vivo. Therefore, we tested whether rapamycin, at the same doses used to extend lifespan, affects mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle. While mitochondrial transcripts were decreased, particularly in the highly oxidative soleus muscle, we found no consistent change in mitochondrial DNA or protein levels. In agreement with the lack of change in mitochondrial components, rapamycin-treated mice had endurance equivalent to that of untreated controls, and isolated, permeabilized muscle fibers displayed similar rates of oxygen consumption. We conclude that the doses of rapamycin required to extend life do not cause overt mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle.
Prosomatostatin as a marker for acute heart failure in unselected patients in the emergency department (2013)

Purpose: New biomarkers in cardiology are almost always evaluated in specifically selected subsets of patients, related to treatment, diagnosis or both. This is an observational study to gain knowledge about the new biomarker pro-somatostatin in an unselected patient cohort in an Emergency Department (ED). Pro-somatostatin is a marker for the regulation of gastro-intestinal function and shows higher values after food-intake. Methods: Unselected patients (n=1,152) were recruited in the ED and blood samples were drawn at admission. Pro-somatostatin was measured using an experimental assay. A follow-up was performed after 6 months to obtain outcome-measures. Results: In all 1,152 patients, pro-somatostatin ranged between zero and 21,840 pmol/l in all patients, the median value was 569 (IQR: 408-821) pmol/l, the reported median of a normal population is 357 pmol/l. Pro-somatostatin was in general slightly higher in patients with dyspnea, this was especially true for inpatients. Regarding all inpatients with chest pain (n=81) and dyspnea (n=76), patients with acute heart failure had higher pro-somatostatin values (median 221 pmol/L, IQR: 99-421pmol/L) as compared to patients without AHF (median 133, IQR: 95-181 pmol/L; p=0,002; figure 1). Pro-somatostatin values were significantly higher in patients who died during their hospital stay (1,220 pmol/L, IQR: 773-1,890 pmol/L in nonsurvivors vs. 636 IQR: 425-942 pmol/L in survivors) as well as during follow-up period (p<0.0001). Figure 1 Figure 1 Conclusions: Pro-somatostatin is a potential new risk marker in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) in the ED. The pathophysiological mechanism of its release in AHF patients might be due to chronic congestion of the intestine prior to the acute event. This should be evaluated further in patients with AHF.
Protecting Groups: Strategies and Applications in Carbohydrate Chemistry. Edited by Sébastien Vidal. (2019)

Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2019. 528 pp., hardcover, € 149.00.—ISBN 978-3-527-34010-1
High resolution laboratory grating-based X-ray phase-contrast CT (2018)

The conventional form of computed tomography using X-ray attenuation without any contrast agents is of limited use for the characterization of soft tissue in many fields of medical and biological studies. Grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography (gbPC-CT) is a promising alternative imaging method solving the low soft tissue contrast without the need of any contrast agent. While highly sensitive measurements are possible using conventional X-ray sources the spatial resolution does often not fulfill the requirements for specific imaging tasks, such as visualization of pathologies. The focus of this study is the increase in spatial resolution without loss of sensitivity. To overcome this limitation a super-resolution reconstruction based on sub-pixel shifts involving a deconvolution of the image data during each iteration is applied. In our study we achieve an effective pixel size of 28 μm with a conventional rotating anode tube and a photon-counting detector. We also demonstrate that the method can upgrade existing setups to measure tomographies with higher resolution. The results show the increase in resolution at high sensitivity and with the ability to make quantitative measurements. The combination of sparse sampling and statistical iterative reconstruction may be used to reduce the total measurement time. In conclusion, we present high-quality and high-resolution tomographic images of biological samples to demonstrate the experimental feasibility of super-resolution reconstruction.
CANARY: the on-sky NGS/LGS MOAO demonstrator for EAGLE (2008)

EAGLE is a multi-object 3D spectroscopy instrument currently under design for the 42-metre European Extremely Large Telescope (E-ELT). Precise requirements are still being developed, but it is clear that EAGLE will require (~100 x 100 actuator) adaptive optics correction of ~20 - 60 spectroscopic subfields distributed across a ~5 arcminute diameter field of view. It is very likely that LGS will be required to provide wavefront sensing with the necessary sky coverage. Two alternative adaptive optics implementations are being considered, one of which is Multi-Object Adaptive Optics (MOAO). In this scheme, wavefront tomography is performed using a set of LGS and NGS in either a completely open-loop manner, or in a configuration that is only closed-loop with respect to only one DM, probably the adaptive M4 of the E-ELT. The fine wavefront correction required for each subfield is then applied in a completely open-loop fashion by independent DMs within each separate optical relay. The novelty of this scheme is such that on-sky demonstration is required prior to final construction of an E-ELT instrument. The CANARY project will implement a single channel of an MOAO system on the 4.2m William Herschel Telescope. This will be a comprehensive demonstration, which will be phased to include pure NGS, low-order NGS-LGS and high-order woofer-tweeter NGS-LGS configurations. The LGSs used for these demonstrations will be Rayleigh systems, where the variable range-gate height and extension can be used to simulate many of the LGS effects on the E-ELT. We describe the requirements for the various phases of MOAO demonstration, the corresponding CANARY configurations and capabilities and the current conceptual designs of the various subsystems.
Minitutorial: Fiber and Cable (1983)

Optical fiber with its small size and high-information capacity has become a transmitting medium for audio, data, and video signal transmission. Remarkable progress has been made in the design and fabrication of low-loss single-mode and multimode fibers using processes such as modified chemical vapor deposition (MCVD), vapor axial deposition (VAD), outside vapor deposition (OVD), plasma chemical vapor deposition (PCVD), and rf aided MCVD. Higher-information carrying capacity fiber with very long repeater spacing for telephone and video communication is now possible using low-loss (0.2 dB/km at 1550 nm) single-mode fibers with zero dispersion at desired wavelengths. Special concepts are used to make cables for telephony, data transmission, and military applications. Significant progress is being made in the fabrication of low-cost cable with negligible microbending loss for aerial, ground, and undersea application. A review of the various aspects of fabrication of optical fiber and cable mentioned above will be presented in detail in this tutorial paper.
A Phase I Trial of TB-403 in Relapsed Medulloblastoma, Neuroblastoma, Ewing Sarcoma, and Alveolar Rhabdomyosarcoma (2022)

TB-403 was safe and well tolerated at all dose levels. No MTD was reached. The results look encouraging and therefore warrant further evaluation of efficacy in pediatric subjects with medulloblastoma.
Smart Multiplex Point-of-Care Platform for Simultaneous Drug Monitoring (2023)

Recently, illicit drug use has become more widespread and is linked to problems with crime and public health. These drugs disrupt consciousness, affecting perceptions and feelings. Combining stimulants and depressants to suppress the effect of drugs has become the most common reason for drug overdose deaths. On-site platforms for illicit-drug detection have gained an important role in dealing, without any excess equipment, long process, and training, with drug abuse and drug trafficking. Consequently, the development of rapid, sensitive, noninvasive, and reliable multiplex drug-detecting platforms has become a major necessity. In this study, a multiplex laser-scribed graphene (LSG) sensing platform with one counter, one reference, and three working electrodes was developed for rapid and sensitive electrochemical detection of amphetamine (AMP), cocaine (COC), and benzodiazepine (BZD) simultaneously in saliva samples. The multidetection sensing system was combined with a custom-made potentiostat to achieve a complete point-of-care (POC) platform. Smartphone integration was achieved by a customized application to operate, display, and send data. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first multiplex LSG-based electrochemical platform designed for illicit-drug detection with a custom-made potentiostat device to build a complete POC platform. Each working electrode was optimized with standard solutions of AMP, COC, and BZD in the concentration range of 1.0 pg/mL-500 ng/mL. The detection limit of each illicit drug was calculated as 4.3 ng/mL for AMP, 9.7 ng/mL for BZD, and 9.0 ng/mL for COC. Healthy and MET (methamphetamine) patient saliva samples were used for the clinical study. The multiplex LSG sensor was able to detect target analytes in real saliva samples successfully. This multiplex detection device serves the role of a practical and affordable alternative to conventional drug-detection methods by combining multiple drug detections in one portable platform.
Siderite-based anaerobic iron cycle driven by autotrophic thermophilic microbial consortium (2020)

Using a sample from a terrestrial hot spring (pH 6.8, 60 °C), we enriched a thermophilic microbial consortium performing anaerobic autotrophic oxidation of hydrothermal siderite (FeCO<sub>3</sub>), with CO<sub>2</sub>/bicarbonate as the electron acceptor and the only carbon source, producing green rust and acetate. In order to reproduce Proterozoic environmental conditions during the deposition of banded iron formation (BIF), we incubated the microbial consortium in a bioreactor that contained an unmixed anoxic layer of siderite, perfectly mixed N<sub>2</sub>/CO<sub>2</sub>-saturated liquid medium and microoxic (2% O<sub>2</sub>) headspace. Long-term incubation (56 days) led to the formation of magnetite (Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>) instead of green rust as the main product of Fe(II) oxidation, the precipitation of newly formed metabolically induced siderite in the anoxic zone, and the deposition of hematite (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) on bioreactor walls over the oxycline boundary. Acetate was the only metabolic product of CO<sub>2</sub>/bicarbonate reduction. Thus, we have demonstrated the ability of autotrophic thermophilic microbial consortium to perform a short cycle of iron minerals transformation: siderite-magnetite-siderite, accompanied by magnetite and hematite accumulation. This cycle is believed to have driven the evolution of the early biosphere, leading to primary biomass production and deposition of the main iron mineral association of BIF.
Heterogeneous Enantioselective Catalyzed Carbonyl‐ and Imino‐Ene Reactions Using Copper Bis(oxazoline) Zeolite Y. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Editorial: Epitranscriptomics: The Novel RNA Frontier (2018)

EDITORIAL article Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol., 04 December 2018Sec. Computational Genomics Volume 6 - 2018 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2018.00191
Cartoon dioramas in motion (2006)

Cartoon animations delight the audience with moving characters but they remain on a flat 2D screen. The cartoon dioramas, on the other hand, are detailed, three-dimensional and allow physical interaction but they are static. We present techniques to combine the two in some limited cases. We illuminate static physical models with projectors. The images are generated with real time three dimensional computer graphics. We describe a system to demonstrate various visual effects such as non-photorealistic shading, apparent motion and virtual lighting on a toy-car model.
The First General Palladium Catalyst for the Suzuki—Miyaura and Carbonyl Enolate Coupling of Aryl Arenesulfonates. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
17‐4: Ultra‐thin Chemically Strengthened Cover Glasses for Foldable Devices (2017)

Ultra‐thin chemically strengthened glasses showed enough flexibility for foldable devices. Soda lime glass of 0.2 mm manufactured by float process. Almino‐silicate glass of 0.07 mm in thickness processed by HF slimming with 940 MPa and 14 µm of DOL achieved 5.6 mm gap distance by two plate bending and over 60,000 times of cyclic bending. Design guideline of chemical strengthening for flexible cover applications is that CS should be higher as possible for bending and impact strength and DOL may be deeper considering DOL limitation and fragmentation threshold for damage resistance.
Core Selective Switch With Low Insertion Loss Over Ultra-Wide Wavelength Range for Spatial Channel Networks (2021)

The core selective switch (CSS) is an optical spatial switch that has been recently proposed as a key building block to achieve a scalable and low-insertion-loss spatial cross-connects for use in future spatial channel networks. In this paper, we report on a novel CSS design employing a two dimensionally arranged microlens-based multicore fiber (MCF) collimator array and a micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror array. The former enables precise alignment between MCFs and collimator lenses, and the latter yields polarization-independent high reflection over a wide wavelength range and a large tilt angle. Based on the design, a compact (∼50 mm) five-core <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \times 8$</tex-math></inline-formula> CSS prototype is fabricated. We experimentally show that the CSS prototype exhibits low insertion loss (1.2∼2.7 dB), low polarization dependent loss (< 0.25 dB), and low crosstalk (< <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$ - 30$</tex-math></inline-formula> dB) characteristics over an ultra-wide wavelength range from 1500 nm to 1630 nm. Bit-error-rate measurements using optical signals in the C-band, S-band, and L-band show that the CSS prototype incurs no optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty in spatial channel routing over an ultra-wide wavelength band.
Pliable index coding (2012)

We propose a new formulation of the index coding problem, where instead of demanding a specific bit (or message), clients are “pliable” and are happy to receive any one bit they do not have. We prove that with this relaxation, although some instances of this problem become simple, in general the problem of finding the optimal linear code remains NP-hard. We also show that if the server has n bits, O(log n log(n/log n)) coded bit transmissions are sufficient to satisfy the clients in the worst case, in contrast to the Ω(n) transmissions required in index coding. We develop several approximation algorithms and evaluate their performance through simulations.
Rapid TNFR1-dependent lymphocyte depletion in vivo with a selective chemical inhibitor of IKKβ (2006)

The transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a central role in regulating inflammation and apoptosis, making it a compelling target for drug development. We identified a small molecule inhibitor (ML120B) that specifically inhibits IKKbeta, an Ikappa-B kinase that regulates NF-kappaB. IKKbeta and NF-kappaB are required in vivo for prevention of TNFalpha-mediated apoptosis. ML120B sensitized mouse bone marrow progenitors and granulocytes, but not mature B cells to TNFalpha killing in vitro, and induced apoptosis in vivo in the bone marrow and spleen within 6 hours of a single oral dose. In vivo inhibition of IKKbeta with ML120B resulted in depletion of thymocytes and B cells in all stages of development in the bone marrow but did not deplete granulocytes. TNF receptor-deficient mouse thymocytes and B cells were resistant to ML120B-induced depletion in vivo. Surprisingly, surviving bone marrow granulocytes expressed TNFR1 and TNFR2 after dosing in vivo with ML120B. Our results show that inhibition of IKKbeta with a small molecule in vivo leads to rapid TNF-dependent depletion of T and B cells. This observation has several implications for potential use of IKKbeta inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory disease and cancer.
Probe mapping across multiple microarray platforms (2011)

Access to gene expression data has become increasingly common in recent years; however, analysis has become more difficult as it is often desirable to integrate data from different platforms. Probe mapping across microarray platforms is the first and most crucial step for data integration. In this article, we systematically review and compare different approaches to map probes across seven platforms from different vendors: U95A, U133A and U133 Plus 2.0 from Affymetrix, Inc.; HT-12 v1, HT-12v2 and HT-12v3 from Illumina, Inc.; and 4112A from Agilent, Inc. We use a unique data set, which contains 56 lung cancer cell line samples-each of which has been measured by two different microarray platforms-to evaluate the consistency of expression measurement across platforms using different approaches. Based on the evaluation from the empirical data set, the BLAST alignment of the probe sequences to a recent revision of the Transcriptome generated better results than using annotations provided by Vendors or from Bioconductor's Annotate package. However, a combination of all three methods (deemed the 'Consensus Annotation') yielded the most consistent expression measurement across platforms. To facilitate data integration across microarray platforms for the research community, we develop a user-friendly web-based tool, an API and an R package to map data across different microarray platforms from Affymetrix, Illumina and Agilent. Information on all three can be found at http://qbrc.swmed.edu/software/probemapper/.
Multiport Technology: New Perspectives and Applications (2014)

Since 1994, the multiport techniques were further developed for microwave and millimeter-wave radios. Until today, several multiport architectures for specific applications, such as communication transceivers, radar, sensing, direction of arrival estimation, or phase noise measurements, have been developed and implemented.This special issue highlights, through several examples and multiple references, some of the modern applications of the multiport technology and significant advances in fabrication procedures, in the recent years.
Why Summary Comorbidity Measures Such As the Charlson Comorbidity Index and Elixhauser Score Work (2013)

Summary comorbidity measures, such as the Charlson Comorbidity Index and Elixhauser scores, are commonly used for clinical prognosis and comorbidity adjustment. We have provided a theoretical justification that validates the use of such scores under many conditions. Our simulations generally confirm the utility of the summary comorbidity measures as substitutes for use of the individual comorbidity variables in health services research. One caveat is that a summary measure may only be as good as the variables used to create it.
A vapor pressure equation from extended asymptotic behavior (1987)

Abstract The vapor pressure equation proposed here possesses several interesting features and does an excellent job representing data. The currently accepted theoretical behavior in the regions of the triple point and the critical point are intrinsic features of the expression. The equation is valid over the entire range from the triple point to the critical point and yet possesses only three adjustable constants. Results are presented for a small but chemically diverse set of compounds. This work represents an extension of the Churchill‐Usagi correlation technique from heat transfer and fluid mechanics to thermodynamics.