gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MAGNIMS consensus guidelines on the use of MRI in multiple sclerosis—clinical implementation in the diagnostic process (2015)

The clinical use of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) has advanced markedly over the past few years. Technical improvements and continuously emerging data from clinical trials and observational studies have contributed to the enhanced performance of this tool for achieving a prompt diagnosis in patients with MS. The aim of this article is to provide guidelines for the implementation of MRI of the brain and spinal cord in the diagnosis of patients who are suspected of having MS. These guidelines are based on an extensive review of the recent literature, as well as on the personal experience of the members of the MAGNIMS (Magnetic Resonance Imaging in MS) network. We address the indications, timing, coverage, reporting and interpretation of MRI studies in patients with suspected MS. Our recommendations are intended to help radiologists and neurologists standardize and optimize the use of MRI in clinical practice for the diagnosis of MS.
Ferroelectric Capacitors with "Quasi-Amorphous" BaTiO3 Integrated on Silicon (2017)

International audience
Lubrication dynamics of swollen silicones to limit long term fouling and microbial biofilms (2020)

Bacterial contamination and biofilm formation on medical devices remain a costly and serious healthcare problem. Silicone (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) elastomers are common biomaterials but are susceptible to bacterial surface contamination and biofilm growth. 'Self-lubricated' PDMS elastomers (iPDMS) have the potential to greatly reduce rates of cell attachment, biofilm formation and infection. Cross-linked PDMS elastomers immersed in PDMS oil swell to an equilibrium concentration to form a swollen network, and then form a surface liquid layer through syneresis. Herein we have measured the swelling and syneresis kinetics as a function of time, viscosity (1.5 to 10 cSt), and cross-linking density to optimize the surface lubricant layer formation, and resistance to biofouling. The lubricant layer thickness was measured in situ (optical profilometry and AFM) for flat and micro-textured surfaces, as a function of time and swelling ratio, to be in a range from 0.1 to 1 μm, and continuously increases with time. We show this continuous generation is likely due to a gradual, dynamic re-structuring of the elastomer network. Long term antifouling properties of (10 cSt) iPDMS were tested for Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth in a flow culture bioreactor, and after 30 d showed a 10<sup>3</sup> to 10<sup>4</sup> reduction of bacterial cell density for iPDMS compared to conventional PDMS elastomers. This long term performance and non-specific activity makes them highly suitable for biomedical devices, such as urinary catheters.
A pilot prospective comparison of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 in the same group of prostate cancer patients (2021)

1329 Objectives: This pilot study was prospectively designed to evaluate the early dynamic distribution of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093, a novel radiopharmaceutical targeting prostate-specific membrane antigen, which was compared with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 in the same group of prostate cancer patients.
 Methods: Fourteen patients with prostate cancer (4 patients with primary prostate cancer and 10 patients with relapsed metastatic prostate cancer) were enrolled with ethical committee approval and written informed consent. In two consecutive days each patient underwent a 60-min dynamic PET/CT scan after intravenous administration of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, respectively, (injection dose 148-185 MBq per each). Following a low-dose CT scan, serial dynamic PET scans were performed from pelvis to head at 9 time points (30 sec/bed at 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 min, 1 min/bed at 20, 30, 45 min, and 2 min/bed at 60 min). Standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured for each lesion and organ for self-comparison.
 Results: Compared to [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 showed a significantly higher tumor uptake and less blood pool retention. The difference is noticable from 4 min and continuously increasing during 60 min. At 60 min, the SUVmax of prostate cancer and metastases were 20.02±14.79 for [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and 13.66±10.77 for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 (P=0.000), whereas the SUVmean of blood pool were 1.35±0.25 for [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and 2.53±0.53 for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 (P=0.000). Significantly higher [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 uptakes were also observed in the parotid glands (SUVmean 3.56±0.71 vs 2.85±0.75 at 4 min, P=0.010), liver (SUVmean 5.38±0.99 vs 4.14±0.70 at 4 min, P=0.000), and spleen (SUVmean 5.45±1.19 vs 4.09±0.88 at 4 min, P=0.000). Accumulation of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 in the bladder appeared to be lower (SUVmean 25.18±15.33 vs 41.91±35.64 at 60 min, P=0.089) and there was no significant difference in kidney uptake (SUVmean 19.18±4.36 vs 31.66±28.67 at 10 min, P=0.113).
 Conclusions: [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 shows advantages over [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 with higher tumor uptakes and less blood pool retention in prostate cancer patients. This finding warrants further investigation in a larger number of patients. Figure legend: Serial PET images (A and B) and the SUV changes (C) demonstrated higher tumor uptake and less blood pool retention of [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 (A) over [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-617 (B) in prostate cancer patients. There was an increased the diagnostic confidence in evaluation of mediastinal lymphnode metastasis in the prostate cancer patient (indicated by green arrows). Figure C comparison of time-activity curves of these two tracers in tumor, blood, bladder, kidney, parotid gland, liver, and spleen.
Enhanced guide-RNA design and targeting analysis for precise CRISPR genome editing of single and consortia of industrially relevant and non-model organisms (2017)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Application of magnetic pulse forming to aeronautic small pieces (2018)

Stelia Aerospace company is specialized in the forming of small (Lmax <200 mm), medium (200 mm <Lmax <1000 mm) and large (Lmin >1000 mm) sheets for the aerospace industry. In order to diversify the production facilities of Stelia Aerospace we evaluated the capacity of the magnetic pulse forming to produce small parts. The material used is the aluminum alloy 2024-T4. The sheets used have a thickness of 1 mm, 2 mm and 1.6 mm. Stelia Aerospace manufactures more than 100 different small parts but they are all made up of a limited set of elementary geometries. These elementary geometries include: straight and interrupted straight fallen edges, concave and convex fallen edges, fallen edges holes and joggling. In this paper we present the work we have done to develop forming tools for one of these elementary geometries, the straight fallen edge. Special attention is paid to the geometric and metallurgic quality of parts. In order to evaluate dimensional reproducibility of the process, smalls series of parts were produced.
The World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS Proposal for Standardization of HIV Sequence Nomenclature (1994)

The World Health Organization Global Programme on AIDS (WHO/GPA) is conducting a large-scale collaborative study of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variation, based in four potential vaccine-trial site countries: Brazil, Rwanda, Thailand, and Uganda. Through the course of this study, it was crucial to keep track of certain attributes of the samples from which the viral nucleotide sequences were derived (e.g., country of origin and viral culture characterization), so that meaningful sequence comparisons could be made. Here we describe a system developed in the context of the WHO/GPA study that summarizes such critical attributes by representing them as standardized characters directly incorporated into sequence names. This nomenclature allows linkage of clinical, phenotypic, and geographic information with molecular data. We propose that other investigators involved in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleotide sequencing efforts adopt a similar standardized sequence nomenclature to facilitate cross-study sequence comparison. HIV sequence data are being generated at an ever-increasing rate; directly coupled to this increase is our deepening understanding of biological parameters that influence or result from sequence variability. A standardized sequence nomenclature that includes relevant biological information would enable researchers to better utilize the growing body of sequence data, and enhance their ability to interpret the biological implications of their own data through facilitating comparisons with previously published work.
Direct production of gasoline and diesel fuels from biomass via integrated hydropyrolysis and hydroconversion process—A techno‐economic analysis (2013)

A techno‐economic analysis (TEA) is performed to investigate the production of gasoline and diesel range hydrocarbon fuels by conversion of woody biomass via Gas Technology Institute (GTI)'s integrated hydropyrolysis plus hydroconversion (IH 2 ) process. The processing capacity is 2000 dry metric tonnes (2205 dry US tons) of woody biomass per day. Major process areas include catalytic hydropyrolysis, catalytic hydroconversion, on‐site hydrogen production, feedstock handling and storage, hydrocarbon absorber, sour water stripper, hydrogen sulfide scrubber, distillation tower, and all other operations support utilities. The TEA incorporates applicable commercial technologies, process modeling using Aspen HYSYS software, equipment cost estimation, and discounted cash flow analysis. The resulting minimum fuel selling price is $1.64 per gallon (or $1.68 per gallon of gasoline equivalent) in 2007 US dollars. The process yields 79 gallons of liquid fuels per dry US ton of woody biomass feedstock, for an annual fuel production rate of 61 million gallons at 96% on‐stream time. The estimated total capital investment for an nth‐plant is $264 million. A sensitivity analysis captures uncertainties in costs and plant performance. Results from this TEA can serve as the baseline for future comparison and as a basis for comparing this process to other biomass‐to‐liquid fuel pathways. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 33: 609–617, 2014
Data for: Wavelength Dependent Photochemistry of Expanded Chromophore and Asymmetric Dibenzothiophene S-Oxides Derivatives (2018)

Supporting Information
iBCS: 1. Principles and Framework of an Inhalation-Based Biopharmaceutics Classification System (2022)

For oral drugs, the formulator and discovery chemist have a tool available to them that can be used to navigate the risks associated with the selection and development of immediate release oral drugs and drug products. This tool is the biopharmaceutics classification system (giBCS). Unfortunately, no such classification system exists for inhaled drugs. The perspective outlined in this manuscript provides the foundational principles and framework for a classification system for inhaled drugs. The proposed classification system, an inhalation-based biopharmaceutics classification system (iBCS), is based on fundamental biopharmaceutics principles adapted to an inhalation route of administration framework. It is envisioned that a classification system for orally inhaled drugs will facilitate an understanding of the technical challenges associated with the development of new chemical entities and their associated new drug products (device and drug formulation combinations). Similar to the giBCS, the iBCS will be based on key attributes describing the drug substance (solubility and permeability) and the drug product (dose and dissolution). This manuscript provides the foundational aspects of an iBCS, including the proposed scientific principles and framework upon which such a system can be developed.
Lidar In-space Technology Experiment (LITE) Electronics Overview (1992)

The LITE electronics system consists of the following seven subsystems: Laser Transmitter Module (LTM), Boresight Assembly (BA), Aft-Optics Electronics (AOE), Digital Data Handling Unit (DDHU), Engineering Data System (EDS), Instrument Controller (IC), and the Ground Support Equipment (GSE). Each of these subsystems is discussed.
T‐Independent Activation of Single B Cells: An Orderly Analysis of Overlapping Stages in the Activation Pathway (1987)

This review has three chief purposes. It describes a microculture system in which single, hapten-specific B lymphocytes can be microscopically observed, cultured and assayed for antibody production in isolation and thus are the unequivocal target of ligands present in the culture fluid. It defines the respective roles of antigens and cytokines acting singly or in combination in the four discernible phases of the immunoproliferative cascade, namely activation, clonal expansion, IgM antibody secretion and isotype switching. It then argues that this precise stepwise analysis can yield useful information concerning important immunological situations, such as experimentally induced immunological tolerance or the effects of constitutive expression of the c-myc oncogene. Evidence is presented that initial activation of the resting B cell in "T-independent" triggering can be achieved either by attachment of a molecule that has B-cell stimulatory properties, such as FLU-LPS or FLU-polymerized flagellin (FLU-POL) or by the lymphokine interleukin 4 (IL-4). IL-4 + FLU-POL is somewhat more effective than either agent alone. IL-4 alone or, better, FLU-POL + IL-4 can stimulate clonal proliferation of the B cell, but FLU-POL alone does not achieve this. Moreover, IL-4 or FLU-POL + IL-4 lead to very little antibody formation. None of IL-1, IL-2 or IL-5 acting alone causes either activation or proliferation. IgM antibody formation is stimulated most strongly by FLU-POL + IL-5, somewhat less strongly by FLU-POL + IL-1 + IL-2 and rather weakly with antigen plus only one of the latter cytokines. The cloning efficiency in the single cell system, and the median clone size can be markedly enhanced by the addition of small numbers of fibroblast or other filler cells to the cultures. While filler cell-free clones do not progress to the stage of isotype switching, filler cell-supported ones can do so in up to 30% of cases. The only cloned lymphokine which has so far been found to promote such switching is IL-4, and the fact that it is at least as powerful as a T-cell supernatant may mean that it is the only agent active in this particular system. However, the detailed pattern of secreted isotypes is different from that seen when MHC-restricted, carrier-specific T cells act on hapten-specific B cells. Hapten-specific B cells from animals rendered neonatally tolerant to FLU-HGG exhibit anergy in the single cell system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Supplementary Fig. S2 from KD5170, a novel mercaptoketone-based histone deacetylase inhibitor that exhibits broad spectrum antitumor activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S2 from KD5170, a novel mercaptoketone-based histone deacetylase inhibitor that exhibits broad spectrum antitumor activity &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;
Is individual perfusion dose-response different than ventilation dose-response for lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy? (2023)

The significance of this study can be highlighted by the differences between the intrapatient dose-response assessments of this analysis compared to existing population-based dose-response analyses. Elucidating intrapatient ventilation and perfusion dose-response differences may be valuable in predicting pulmonary toxicity in lung cancer patients post-radiotherapy.
Potentially Exposed but Uninfected Individuals Produce Cytotoxic and Polyfunctional Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1-Specific CD8+T-Cell Responses Which Can Be Defined to the Epitope Level (2008)

We measured CD8(+) T-cell responses in 12 potentially exposed but uninfected men who have sex with men by using cytokine flow cytometry. Four of the individuals screened exhibited polyfunctional immune responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Gag or Vif. The minimum cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitope was mapped in one Gag responder.
Use of the Impella™ Microaxial Blood Pump for Ablation of Hemodynamically Unstable Ventricular Tachycardia (2009)

Ablation for ventricular tachycardia remains a challenge with suboptimal procedural success rates. One of the major causes of difficulty is precipitous hypotension when ventricular tachycardia is induced precluding even rapid mapping of the arrhythmia. We report the successful use of the Impella microcirculatory axial blood flow pump in 3 patients with hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardia that allowed successful completion of the procedure. In these 3 patients, there was no evidence of Impella-related valvular disturbance, iatrogenic ventricular arrhythmias, or interference with mapping and ablation catheter movement.
Fabrication of One-Dimensionally Oriented Fluorene–Thiophene Copolymer Thin Films and Anisotropic Transistor Characteristics (2010)

One-dimensionally oriented poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-bithiophene) (F8T2) thin films with the thickness of approximately 50 nm were deposited by friction-transfer technique. Films were investigated using polarized optical spectroscopy. The dichroic ratio of absorption was estimated to be approximately eight. By means of transmission electron microscope (TEM), we revealed that the main-chains of F8T2 were aligned along the friction direction. Atomic force microscope (AFM) images of as-prepared films showed a roughened surface, whereas the film after subsequent thermal treatment showed remarkably smooth surface. Field-effect transistors utilizing the friction-transferred F8T2 films exhibited a field-effect mobility of 1.88×10-4 cm2 V-1 s-1 along the friction direction, which is about six times higher than that perpendicular to the friction direction.
Perspectives (2021)

5G deployment has started all around the world. However it is not fulfilling the needs of all current and emerging applications, and the ultimate performance limits are far from being reached. This chapter provides some discussions about which topics are left for future research. These perspectives are presented in two stages. The first is to identify certain promises of 5G that are not yet possible and where research and engineering must work hand in hand to come up with effective solutions. The second will look beyond 5G, what could be called 6G, namely, what applications can be envisioned and which could be the key technologies that will enable a seamless interaction between humans and the cyber-physical world.
90 GHz Channel Measurement Results for Mixed LOS and NLOS Aircraft Maintenance Hangar Environments (2022)

Commercial aviation is experiencing rapid growth. Although terrestrial millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems are advancing steadily, mmWave communication system applications in aviation and airport settings are still in their infancy. Millimeter wave communication systems employ directional antennas to ensure adequate link range and must often "search" in the angular domain for a signal of significant strength in non-line-of-sight (NLOS) regions. Research on wireless channel characterization for the aviation environments is an active area of study for reliable communication link design. In this paper, we quantify some 90 GHz band channel characteristics for an unusual aviation setting: an aircraft maintenance hangar. This setting is a crowded environment with multiple aircraft, metallic objects, and other obstacles, whose positions move throughout the day. Hence our study focuses on mixed environments, i.e., both LOS and NLOS. Our results are empirical, based upon measurements using a 500-MHz bandwidth chirp signal. We first estimate propagation path loss, and model this using a single-frequency close-in (CI) free space reference distance model. As expected, pathloss exponents exceed that for free space, with a maximum of 3.14 for the mixed environments. We also quantify the root mean-square (RMS) delay spread, finding a maximum value of 16.23 ns for the NLOS case. We also determined that the RMS delay spread decreased by approximately 4 ns (25%) when our receiver aimed to the maximum received power azimuth angle, representing a strong obstacle reflection. These results will be of use to mmWave network designers in this unique aviation application.
The efficacy and safety of tadalafil: an update (2004)

Tadalafil was an effective and well-tolerated treatment for ED.
Targeting of a Photosensitizer to the Mitochondrion Enhances the Potency of Photodynamic Therapy (2018)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves use of a photosensitizer, whose activation with light leads to the production of singlet oxygen (SOS), generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and initiation of associated cell toxicity. Because a cell's mitochondria constitute sites where oxygen levels are high, ROS can be readily produced, and apoptosis is commonly initiated. Therefore, an ideal PDT agent might be a potent photosensitizer that could naturally accumulate in mitochondria. Although a number of mitochondria-targeting moieties, including triphenylphosphine, guanidinium, and bisguanidium, have been identified, a quantitative comparison of their efficacies in targeting mitochondria has not been performed. In this study, we have prepared triphenylphosphine, guanidinium, and bisguanidium derivatives of the FDA-approved PDT agent verteporfin (Visudyne, benzoporphyrin derivative-monoacid ring A: <b>BPD-MA</b>) and compared their abilities to induce the intracellular perturbations common to potent PDT agents. Cellular parameters examined included subcellular localization of the verteporfin, real-time monitoring of SOS production, quantitation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, analysis of mitochondria and chromatin integrity, characterization of cytoskeletal disruption and evaluation of cytochrome <i>C</i> release as a measure of apoptosis. An analysis of these parameters demonstrates that the triphenylphosphine derivative (<b>0323</b>) has better mitochondria-targeting efficacy, SOS production, and mitochondria membrane toxicity than either unmodified verteporfin or its guanidinium derivatives. Consistent with this potency, <b>0323</b> also induced the most prominent mitochondria swelling, actin depolymerization, pyknosis, and cytochrome <i>C</i> release. We conclude that triphenylphosphine has a better mitochondria-targeting moiety than guanidinium or bis-guanidinium and those PDT photosensitizers with improved cytotoxicities can be prepared by conjugating a mitochondria-targeting moiety to the desired photosensitizer.