gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mesoscale Self-Assembly:  Capillary Bonds and Negative Menisci (2000)

This paper describes the self-assembly of hexagonal plates (with 2.7 mm wide sides) at the interface between perfluorodecalin (PFD) and water. All 14 different hexagons that can be made by permuting the number and location of the hydrophobic and hydrophilic faces were examined. The plates attracted one another by lateral capillary forces involving the menisci on the hydrophilic faces. The plates were made of poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) containing aluminum oxide and had a density of 1.86 g/cm3, close to the density of PFD (ρ = 1.91 g/cm3). This work complements a previous paper (Bowden, N.; Choi, I. S.; Grzybowski, B. A.; Whitesides, G. M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 5373) that examined the self-assembly of hexagonal plates of PDMS (ρ = 1.05 g/cm3) that had a density close to that of water, and were attracted through menisci on the hydrophobic faces. The arrays that formed from the heavy (ρ = 1.86 g/cm3) hexagons with a particular pattern of hydrophilic faces were analogous to the arrays that formed from the light (ρ = 1.05 g/cm3) hexagons with that pattern of hydrophobic faces.
PaaSiCats: Novel polyamino acid catalysts (2000)

The abilities of five polyamino acids (Paa's) to catalyse the asymmetric epoxidation of enones 1-7 under three sets of reaction conditions were compared: polyneo-pentylglycine and polyleucine showed distinct advantages in most circumstances. All five polymers were adsorbed onto silica and from this further study, immobilised polyneo-pentylglycine (PLNSi) and polyleucine (PLLSi) were shown to be the catalysts of choice for the asymmetric epoxidation of less-reactive alpha,beta-unsaturated ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: The Role of Bismuth in Molybdenum‐Praseodymium‐Based Catalysts. (1987)

Abstract The effect of the Bi 2 O 3 content in Mo‐Pr‐Bi‐O catalysts (constant atomic ratio Mo/(Mo + Pr) = 0.88) used for propene oxdiation has been studied.
Prevalence of diabetes and impact on cardiovascular events and mortality in patients with chronic coronary syndromes, across multiple geographical regions and ethnicities (2021)

ISRCTN43070564.
Tuning optical and electroluminescent properties of poly(thiophene)e via post-functionalization (2005)

Electrophilic substitution of P3HT was conducted using N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), N-chlorosuccinimide (NCS), and fuming nitric acid under mild conditions to afford quantitatively brominated, chlorinated, and nitro-substituted polymers, Br-PHT, Cl-PHT, and NO2-PHT, respectively. Br-PHT was further transformed to various aryl, vinyl, and alkylnyl-substituted poly(thiophene)s via Suzuki, Stille, and Heck coupling reactions. The optical properties of polymers could be tuned by the steric and electronic effects of incorporated substituents. Polymers possessing ortho-alkylphenyl or 2-(3-alkyl)thienyl groups exhibit significantly enhanced fluorescence yield (Φfl) in the solid state (~22%), which is one order of magnitude greater than that of P3HT (1.6%). Electroluminescence study of o-tolyl substituted polymers (50 - 100% of substitution) revealed that the EL efficiency of these polymers was much enhanced (internal Φfl, 0.7 - 1.8%), compared with P3HT.
Deep Traps and Charge Carrier Lifetimes in 4H-SiC Epilayers (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Single-exposure dual-energy chest images with computed radiography. Evaluation with simulated pulmonary nodules. (1993)

The single-exposure dual-energy subtraction method is superior to the conventional subtraction method in the detection of pulmonary nodules.
Spatial and frequency correlations in two-ray air-ground SIMO channels (2017)

The correlation between signals received on multiple antennas is a function of the channel(s) between them, and analysis of this is useful for spatial diversity and spatial multiplexing. In this paper we compute the correlations in both the spatial and frequency domains for a classical two-ray channel in a SIMO setting for an air-ground setting. We analyze this for the “pure” (deterministic) two-ray case, and also include results for the case where the two-ray channel incurs Ricean fading. After describing the setting and basic analysis, we show corroborating NASA measurement results for an air-ground over-sea channel. We show that both the spatial and frequency domain correlations are numerically computable, oscillatory functions, dependent upon link geometric parameters (antenna heights and link distance), surface electrical parameters, and frequency. With knowledge of these parameters, one can in principle select antenna separation and/or frequency separation to achieve diversity in settings where this classical channel model applies. This can be beneficial when narrowbeam (tracking) antennas that suppress the surface reflection are impractical to deploy.
Uncovering Structure–Activity Relationships in Pt/CeO2 Catalysts for Hydrogen-Borrowing Amination (2023)

The hydrogen-borrowing amination of alcohols is a promising route to produce amines. In this study, experimental parameters involved in the preparation of Pt/CeO<sub>2</sub> catalysts were varied to assess how physicochemical properties influence their performance in such reactions. An amination reaction between cyclopentanol and cyclopentylamine was used as the model reaction for this study. The Pt precursor used in the catalyst synthesis and the properties of the CeO<sub>2</sub> support were both found to strongly influence catalytic performance. Aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed that the most active catalyst comprised linearly structured Pt species. The formation of these features, a function result of epitaxial Pt deposition along the CeO<sub>2</sub> [100] plane, appeared to be dependent on the properties of the CeO<sub>2</sub> support and the Pt precursor used. Density functional theory calculations subsequently confirmed that these sites were more effective for cyclopentanol dehydrogenation-considered to be the rate-determining step of the process-than Pt clusters and nanoparticles. This study provides insights into the desirable catalytic properties required for hydrogen-borrowing amination but has relevance to other related fields. We consider that this study will provide a foundation for further study in this atom-efficient area of chemistry.
Searching Organic Structure Directing Agents for the Synthesis of Specific Zeolitic Structures:  An Experimentally Tested Computational Study (2005)

Molecular mechanics techniques and the use of atomic force fields have been used to calculate the energy of the system zeolite + structure directing agent (SDA), as well as the different energetic terms with their respective weights in deciding the final zeolite synthesis product. A new SDA has been found that discriminates energetically between two closely related zeolitic structures, ISV and BEC, that strongly compete during the crystallization process. The subsequent synthesis experiments with this new SDA led to the selective formation of ISV, thus supporting the predictions made by the computational chemistry calculations.
Modulation of both endogenous folates and thymidine enhance the therapeutic efficacy of thymidylate synthase inhibitors. (2001)

Plasma levels of folates and thymidine in mice are about 10-fold higher than in humans and may influence the therapeutic efficacy of thymidylate synthase (TS) inhibitors, such as 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and the antifolates pemetrexed (MTA) and raltitrexed (RTX). Therefore, we tested their therapeutic efficacy in various murine tumor models, grown in mice on a normal and a folate-depleted diet, with high and low thymidine kinase (TK) levels. MTA and RTX were inactive against Colon-26-10 [doubling times gained by treatment; growth delay factor (GDF), 0.5 and 0.3, respectively], whereas 5FU was very active (GDF, &gt;10; complete cures). Colon-26-10/F, grown in mice on a folate-depleted diet, was more sensitive to RTX and MTA (GDF, 2.1 and 1.3, respectively) but not to 5FU (GDF, 1.2); however, leucovorin reversed the effect leading to cures. Folate depletion did not reverse resistance of Colon-26A and Colon-26G (low TK) to MTA and RTX, whereas leucovorin only enhanced the 5FU effect in Colon-26A and Colon-26A/F. Folic acid at 15 mg/kg did not improve the therapeutic efficacy of MTA in folate-deficient mice. The folate-depleted diet decreased the reduced folates in Colon-26A/F and Colon-26-G/F tumors less (4-5-fold; P &lt; 0.01) than in Colon-26-10/F tumors (8-fold; P &lt; 0.001). Folate depletion increased TS levels 2-3-fold in all of the models and TK levels 6-fold (P &lt; 0.01) in Colon-26G/F, explaining the lack of activity of MTA and RTX in Colon-26G/F. In contrast, TK-deficient FM3A/TK tumors were much more sensitive to RTX, MTA, and 5FU than parent FM3A tumors, which have comparable TS levels. The rate of thymidine phosphorylysis varied considerably in all of the tumors without a clear relation to antitumor activity. In conclusion, tumor folates may potentiate (5FU) or protect (antifolates). Murine tumor models should combine low folates and low thymidine rescue to optimize preclinical testing of antifolates.
Synthesis and X-ray Crystal Structure Determination of the First Copper(II) Complexes of Tetraazamacrocycle−Glyoxal Condensates (2002)

Novel Cu(II) complexes CuLCl(2) (L = 1-4) have been synthesized containing the metal bound to a well-known type of tetracyclic bisaminal formed from the condensation of glyoxal and tetraazamacrocycles (1 = cyclam-glyoxal condensate, 2 = [13]aneN4-glyoxal condensate, 3 = cyclen-glyoxal condensate, 4 = isocyclam-glyoxal condensate). The four-coordinate complexes were characterized by X-ray crystallography, electronic spectroscopy, solid-state magnetic moments, and electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The tetracyclic bisaminals, although having four potential donor atoms, are bound in a cis-bidentate fashion to Cu(II) with two additional cis-chloride donors. The ligands take up folded conformations, and with the exception of ligand 4, only nonadjacent nitrogen atoms coordinate. As expected, ligand 2 in Cu(2)Cl(2) has a folded structure similar to those of the previously characterized 1 and 3. The conformation of 4 in the complex Cu(4)Cl(2) differs from 1-3 in that three nitrogens direct their lone pairs to one side of the folded tetracycle, with adjacent nitrogen atoms coordinated to Cu(II). This difference is probably caused by the presence of the more flexible seven-membered ring rather than the five- to six-membered rings in 1-3. Air oxidation of Cu(I) in the presence of 1 or 3 results in bis(mu-hydroxo) dimers as characterized by X-ray crystal structures, suggesting dioxygen binding, followed by O-O bond splitting to give the Cu(2)O(2) diamond core.
American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Core Miniseminar: Building Research into Your Practice (2014)

Program Description: This course is sponsored by the American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery CORE Grants program and is designed to provide a practical, “nuts and bolts” guide to incorporating research into your otolaryngology practice. A diverse group of experienced surgeon‐scientists will cover all of the relevant topics from how to choose a project, get funding, publish your work, patent your ideas, and more. Whether you are looking to begin a small clinical study or embark on a career in research, this miniseminar will provide you with the tools to avoid common pitfalls and make your research a successful and rewarding experience. Educational Objectives: (1) Design a rewarding research project based on your interests, resources, and time. (2) Market your research idea in order to get funding and successfully publish your findings. (3) Determine when and if you should patent your ideas and how to work with industry to bring your research into the clinic.
User Evaluation of a Community-centric Music Voting Service (2010)

In this paper, we present the user evaluation results of a Community-centric Music Voting service that relies on a DHT-based P2P network. For each user community, an independent DHT-overlay is established. These separate DHT-overlays are then connected to specific commercial premises or larger areas. A user evaluation was conducted in a real usage environment, where the user communities were comprised of the clientele of a bar. In the user evaluation, we examined the effect of the attitudinal, social and perceived behavioural control constructs on the usage intentions towards the Community-centric Music Voting service. The research data were collected with both quantitative questionnaires and short interviews. The results indicate that the suitability to the users’ behavioural models and the earlier experiences with mobile services are the two most important factors affecting the usage intentions towards the Community-centric Music Voting service.
Neutral Reactor Structures for Improved Single Phase Auto Reclosing in Multi-Circuit Multi-Voltage Transmission Lines (2021)

In this paper, novel neutral reactor structures are proposed to mitigate the secondary arc current (SAC) in non-conventional Multi-circuit Multi-voltage Transmission lines (MCMVTLs). The parameters of the reactors in the structure are optimized using the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II). The optimization algorithm, coded in Python, regulates the multiple runs of an Electromagnetic Transients (EMT) simulation program to minimize the secondary arc current. The optimization trials are run in parallel on a 64 core computer to minimize the solution time. A detailed arc model was tested on the EMT program (PSCAD). Using this model and optimized parameters in the proposed neutral reactor schemes, the SAC is indeed extinguished in acceptable times. The SAC and TRV for neutral reactors with optimized parameters are up-to 68 and 77&#x0025;, respectively, lower than the ones with parameters calculated by the conventional approach which ignores inter-circuit coupling. Meanwhile, the extinction times are up-to 46&#x0025; faster. As a result, single-phase auto-reclosing in MCMVTLs is viable.
Broadband Phase-Diverse Phase Retrieval in Systems with Chromatic Aberration (2010)

We describe a phase retrieval method capable of recovering different phase distributions for each wavelength forming a polychromatic intensity distribution. Simulation results show reconstruction errors of a few thousandths of a wave RMS.
Sensitivity and sensitization mechanism of halomethylated polystyrene to near UV region (1986)

Abstract Bromo‐ and chloromethylated polystyrene (BCMS) prepared for an X‐ray resist was sensitized to near UV region by addition of some sensitizers. Among them, 2,4‐diisopentylthioxanthone (DITX) and Michler's ketone were found to be efficient sensitizers for BCMS and related polymers under irradiation with a high pressure mercury lamp. To investigate the sensitization mechanism, IR and UV spectra were measured with the BCMS/DITX system under light irradiation. From the results, together with those of oxygen and radical scavenging effects on sensitivity of the polymer, it was suggested that hydrogen abstraction of the triplet state of DITX from the polymer induces photocrosslinking between the polymer chains.
Wideband measurement and simulation of the DECT indoor propagation channel (2002)

Several standards for indoor voice and data wireless applications are emerging, and among them DECT is certainly one of the most important. In order to investigate DECT data radio transmission performance in the hostile indoor environment, reliable propagation analysis tools are required. The results of an accurate measurement campaign are compared with the prediction provided by a 3D ray-tracing field prediction model in the paper. The comparisons refer essentially to wideband parameters such as delay spread, delay window etc. Results show a fair agreement between measured and simulated wideband parameters when link distance does not exceed 10-15 m. The influence of environment description (with or without furniture) is also analyzed.
Distinguishing Features of Idiopathic Flushing and Carcinoid Syndrome (1988)

We compared the clinical and biochemical profiles of 11 patients with idiopathic flushing (IF) with those of eight patients with carcinoid syndrome (CS). Patients with IF were more often women, had a longer duration of symptoms, and were younger. Palpitations, syncope, and hypotension occurred only in patients with IF, while wheezing and abdominal pain occurred only with CS; diarrhea occurred in both types of patients. Elevated blood serotonin levels were present primarily in CS. Increased levels of urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid was specific for CS but unsufficiently sensitive to detect all cases. Abnormalities of gut and vasoactive peptides failed to distinguish the two conditions. Flushing in carcinoid patients responds uniformly to octreotide (Sandostatin), but only one third of the patients with IF are relieved of the symptom. Patients with IF have features that distinguish them from individuals with flushing from other causes, such as CS, postmenopausal state, chlorpropamide-alcohol flush, panic attacks, medullary thyroid carcinoma, and autonomic epilepsy. Familiarity with the clinical and biochemical features of IF should facilitate evaluation and identification of these patients.
Treatment of pediatric spasticity, including children with cerebral palsy, with Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA): Development, insights, and impact (2023)

Spasticity is a velocity-dependent increase in muscle tone that has a negative effect on quality of life and hinders the ability of others to provide care. In children, most cases are caused by cerebral palsy. Traditionally, many children are treated with surgery, sometimes performed before their limbs had grown sufficiently to permit long-term success. Nonsurgical treatment comprises oral pharmacological options, but their efficacy is limited and side effects such as drowsiness and decreased short-term memory are common; nerve block procedures can cause painful dysesthesias and muscle scarring. OnabotulinumtoxinA was first approved for the treatment of pediatric lower limb spasticity in Europe in the 1990s and is now licensed for use in pediatric patients in over 80 countries worldwide, based on a large body of clinical evidence demonstrating its efficacy and safety. In 2019 the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of pediatric patients with upper or lower limb spasticity. This approval represents 3 decades of work to refine the dose, measurements, patient selection, and muscle selection. The availability of onabotulinumtoxinA as a treatment for pediatric spasticity can have a substantial impact on a patient's quality of life. The use of onabotulinumtoxinA in combination with orthoses and occupational/physical therapy can postpone corrective surgery until growth is nearly complete and minimize the number of corrective surgeries.
ChemInform Abstract: Methanocarba Ring as a Ribose Modification in Ligands of G Protein Coupled Purine and Pyrimidine Receptors: Synthetic Approaches (2013)

Abstract Review: 49 refs.
Feasibility study of a clinically-integrated randomized trial of modifications to radical prostatectomy (2012)

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00928850.
Measurement of $J/\psi$ production cross-sections in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=5$ TeV (2021)

The production cross-sections of $J/\psi$ mesons in proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=5$ TeV are measured using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of $9.13\pm0.18~\text{pb}^{-1}$, collected by the LHCb experiment. The cross-sections are measured differentially as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\text{T}}$, and rapidity, $y$, and separately for $J/\psi$ mesons produced promptly and from beauty hadron decays (nonprompt). With the assumption of unpolarised $J/\psi$ mesons, the production cross-sections integrated over the kinematic range $0
27‐2: Distinquished Paper: Active Polarizer Dimmable Lens System (2018)

Display units that utilize a dimmable smart lens may be utilized to reduce the required display luminance compared to a smoked neutral density lens to provide a hidden display appearance. A lens configuration that utilizes an active polarizer in conjunction with a linear polarizer is explored.
Nonmonotonic Effect of Ionic Strength on Surface Dye Extraction during Dye−Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Formation (1998)

Multilayer formation between organic dyes and polyions is complicated by the possible competition between dye extraction from the surface by the polymer solution instead of polymer adsorption. We study the effects of salt concentration (NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4) on this process and note that significant fractions of the dye are removed from the surface at intermediate salt concentration but that at lower or higher salt concentration less surface dye extraction occurs. Polymer solutions with intermediate NaCl concentrations show more than 60% dye extraction, while those of MgCl2, Na2SO4, and MgSO4 show approximately 30%, 25%, and 20% dye extraction, respectively. The maximum in dye extraction for all of these salts occurs when the solution Debye length is approximately 2 Å. The reduced efficiency of dye complexation away from the maximum is interpreted in terms of the polymer's expected increase in persistence length (low salt concentration) and the reduced electrostatic interactions between the charged dye and polymer (high salt concentration). The absorbance of poly(styrenesulfonate) remains roughly constant or slightly increases for the 1:1 and 2:2 salts but decreases with increasing 2:1 salt concentration. We propose that this decrease is due to charge reversal on the polymer or surface by the salt. Small shifts in dye peak positions suggest changes in the polarity of the surrounding matrix.
l‐asparaginase loaded red blood cells in refractory or relapsing acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children and adults: results of the GRASPALL 2005‐01 randomized trial (2011)

l-asparaginase encapsulated within erythrocytes (GRASPA(®) ) should allow serum asparagine depletion over a longer period than the native form of the enzyme, using lower doses and allowing better tolerance. The GRASPALL 2005-01 study, a multicentre randomized controlled trial, investigated three doses of GRASPA(®) for the duration of asparagine depletion in a phase I/II study in adults and children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in first relapse. Between February 2006 and April 2008, 18 patients received GRASPA(®) (50 iu/kg: n = 6,100 iu/kg: n = 6, 150 iu/kg: n = 6) after randomization, and six patients were assigned to the Escherichia coli native l-asparaginase (E. colil-ASNase) control group. GRASPA(®) was effective at depleting l-asparagine. One single injection of 150 iu/kg of GRASPA(®) provided similar results to 8 × 10,000 iu/m(2) intravenous injections of E. colil-ASNase. The safety profile of GRASPA(®) showed a reduction in the number and severity of allergic reactions and a trend towards less coagulation disorders. Other expected adverse events were comparable to those observed with E. colil-ASNase and there was also no difference between the three doses of GRASPA(®) .