gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy for Solitary Distal Ureteral Stones: Does the Degree of Urinary Obstruction Affect Success? (2005)

No AccessJournal of UrologyUrological Survey: Urolithiasis, Endourology And Laparoscopy1 May 2005Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy for Solitary Distal Ureteral Stones: Does the Degree of Urinary Obstruction Affect Success? Ralph V. ClaymanM.D. Ralph V. ClaymanRalph V. Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(05)60650-7AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Extracorporeal Shockwave Lithotripsy for Solitary Distal Ureteral Stones: Does the Degree of Urinary Obstruction Affect Success?." The Journal of Urology, 173(5), p. 1620 © 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 173Issue 5May 2005Page: 1620 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2005 by American Urological Association, Inc.MetricsAuthor Information Ralph V. Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Spatial Structure of Speckle (2020)

In this chapter, we consider various aspects of the spatial structure of speckle, including the correlation functions of amplitude and intensity, the average spatial distribution of speckle intensity, and other aspects relating to spatial distributions. Both free-space geometries and imaging geometries are considered.
Calculating gradient force and scattering force in optical tweezers using fourier transform (2016)

Division of optical force into gradient force and scattering force is a decades long problem. The concepts of “gradient force” and “scattering force” are very commonly applied in the interpretation of optical trapping simulation and experiment, but no one has seen their true face except for a few special cases. Such a division is important because the gradient force is responsible for optical trapping, while scattering force is responsible for particle transportation. All previous studies either has unjustified approximations or consider particle small (dipole) or large (geometrical optics) compare to the wavelength of light. Here, we present a rigorous, accurate, and efficient method to separate the gradient force and the scattering force using Fourier Transformation. This approach can, in principles, handle spherical particles of arbitrary size and composition, as long as the total optical force can be computed by, for example, Mie scattering theory plus Maxwell stress tensor. Particle of different sizes and compositions trapped by an optical tweezers are considered, which includes dipolar/Mie sized particle made up of dielectric or metal. Not surprisingly, the numerical aperture and aberration also play an important role. We fully tested the accuracy and stability of this approach: it is sufficiently accurate as long as a sufficiently large unit cell is employed such that the optical force in the cell boundary can be treated as zero.
Inter-Cloud Data Security for Secure Cloud-Based Business Collaborations (2012)

With the advent of cloud computing, the boundary separating internal and external data has become increasingly blurred due to the utilization of external services. As a result, existing methods of preventing data leakage, such as only using a gateway to block the outflow of confidential data, have become insufficient. Therefore, there is increased demand for new security technology to allow confidential data to be safely used even in the cloud. We have developed new cloud information gateway and access gateway technologies that can mask confidential information contained within data before it is processed in the cloud. They can also transfer applications from the cloud to inside the company for internal processing. In this way, they make it possible to utilize cloud services without transmitting actual data. These technologies enable users to safely utilize confidential data in the cloud, encouraging new uses of cloud computing, such as cross-industry collaborations and specialized uses in specific industries. This paper outlines information gateway and access gateway and describes their applications.
The Influence of Hemodialysis on T Regulatory Cells: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review (2016)

This meta-analysis demonstrates an association between the uremic state and lower Tregs, and supports the hypothesis that hemodialysis alter Tregs. Our findings highlight the need for new clinical studies. Video Journal Club 'Cappuccino with Claudio Ronco' at http://www.karger.com/?doi=449242.
Microwave tunable dispersion compensator for optical fiber systems (2011)

A tunable device based on chirped microstrip delay lines is proposed to precompensate at the transmitter; the chromatic dispersion accumulated during optical fiber propagation. Compensated dispersion is finely tuned by changing the effective dielectric constant of the microstrip line by means of moving dielectric perturbers. Compensation up to 51 ps/GHz necessary to propagate over 400 km uncompensated standard single-mode fiber at 10 Gb/s is demonstrated. The proposed solution does not require coherent detection and can find application in metropolitan and regional area networks, where the physical path traced by each channel can change owing to the traffic routing, requiring the dynamic compensation of different amounts of accumulated dispersion.
Polarization signatures of spherical and conical targets measured by Mueller matrix imaging polarimetry (1997)

The polarization and depolarization properties of two types of targets have been derived from the experimental determination of their Mueller matrix image. Each polarization signature is deduced from the polar decomposition of the Mueller matrix into images of retardance, diattenuation, polarizance, and depolarization. Different correlations between the polarization parameters and synthesized angle of incidence and angle of scatter images have been developed to determine an approximation of the angle of incidence from the polarization signatures.
Vibration quenching of HgBr(X 2Σ+1/2) (1981)

We report a study of the time evolution of different groups of HgBr (X2Σ+1/2) vibrational level densities which are quenched by collisions with He. Vibrational quenching is efficient down to the lowest v″ levels that we are able to monitor, indicating that energy can be efficiently extracted from the HgBr (B→X) laser, even when tuning to frequencies other than those with the highest gain.
Surface Modified Pinecone Shaped Hierarchical Structure Fluorinated Mesocarbon Microbeads for Ultrafast Discharge and Improved Electrochemical Performances (2016)

Among all primary lithium batteries, Li/CF<sub>x</sub> primary battery possesses the highest energy density of 2180 Wh kg<sup>-1</sup>. However, a key limitation is its poor rate capability because the cathode material CF<sub>x</sub> is intrinsically a poor electronic conductor. Here, we developed a so-called “doing subtraction” method to modify the pinecone shaped fluorinated mesocarbon microbead (F-MCMB). The modified fluorinated mesocarbon microbead (MF-MCMB), manifests the advantage of open-framed structure, possesses good electronic conductivity and removes transport barrier for lithium ions. Thus, high capacity performance and excellent rate capability without compromising capacity can be obtained. A capacity of 343 mAhg<sup>-1</sup> and a maximum power density of 54600 W kg<sup>-1</sup> are realized at an ultrafast rate of 40 C (28A g<sup>-1</sup>). Additionally, the MF-MCMB cathode does not show any voltage delay even at 5C during the discharge, which is a remarkable improvement over the state-of-the-art CF<sub>x</sub>materials.
DISACCHARIDASES OF INTESTINAL MUCOSA IN A PATIENT WITH SUCROSE INTOLERANCE (1964)

A thorough clinical and enzymological study is reported in a patient suffering from typical sucrose intolerance. In addition to sucrose intolerance, a subclinical intolerance of maltose was demonstrated. Enzyme assay in a specimen of duodenal mucosa obtained by peroral tube biopsy revealed decreased activities of isomaltase, sucrase, and maltase. The assay was repeated following a three-month period on a sucrose-free diet with identical results. In the light of these findings the present information on intestinal α-glucosidases is discussed. The authors suggest that sucrose intolerance is due to a defect of one mucosal enzyme, the various α-glucosidase activities of which are differently affected by heat.
Vaccine-induced immune responses against both Gag and Env improve control of simian immunodeficiency virus replication in rectally challenged rhesus macaques (2017)

The ability to control lentivirus replication may be determined, in part, by the extent to which individual viral proteins are targeted by the immune system. Consequently, defining the antigens that elicit the most protective immune responses may facilitate the design of effective HIV-1 vaccines. Here we vaccinated four groups of rhesus macaques with a heterologous vector prime/boost/boost/boost (PBBB) regimen expressing the following simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) genes: env, gag, vif, rev, tat, and nef (Group 1); env, vif, rev, tat, and nef (Group 2); gag, vif, rev, tat, and nef (Group 3); or vif, rev, tat, and nef (Group 4). Following repeated intrarectal challenges with a marginal dose of the neutralization-resistant SIVmac239 clone, vaccinees in Groups 1-3 became infected at similar rates compared to control animals. Unexpectedly, vaccinees in Group 4 became infected at a slower pace than the other animals, although this difference was not statistically significant. Group 1 exhibited the best post-acquisition virologic control of SIV infection, with significant reductions in both peak and chronic phase viremia. Indeed, 5/8 Group 1 vaccinees had viral loads of less than 2,000 vRNA copies/mL of plasma in the chronic phase. Vaccine regimens that did not contain gag (Group 2), env (Group 3), or both of these inserts (Group 4) were largely ineffective at decreasing viremia. Thus, vaccine-induced immune responses against both Gag and Env appeared to maximize control of immunodeficiency virus replication. Collectively, these findings are relevant for HIV-1 vaccine design as they provide additional insights into which of the lentiviral proteins might serve as the best vaccine immunogens.
Three-Dimensional Nanoprinting via Scanning Probe Lithography-Delivered Layer-by-Layer Deposition (2016)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing has been a very active area of research and development due to its capability to produce 3D objects by design. Miniaturization and improvement of spatial resolution are major challenges in current 3D printing technology development. This work reports advances in miniaturizing 3D printing to the nanometer scale using scanning probe microscopy in conjunction with local material delivery. Using polyelectrolyte polymers and complexes, we have demonstrated the concept of layer-by-layer nanoprinting by design. Nanometer precision is achieved in all three dimensions, as well as in interlayer registry. The approach enables production of designed functional 3D materials with nanometer resolution and, as such, creates a platform for conducting scientific research in designed 3D nanoenvironments as well. In doing so, it enables production of nanomaterials and scaffolds for photonics devices, biomedicine, and tissue engineering.
Solution Structure of Contryphan-R, a Naturally Occurring Disulfide-Bridged Octapeptide Containingd-Tryptophan:  Comparison with Protein Loops, (1999)

Contryphan-R is a disulfide-constrained octapeptide containing a D-tryptophan that was isolated recently from venom of the cone shell Conus radiatus. The polypeptide is present in two forms in solution due to cis-trans isomerization at hydroxyproline 3. The solution structure of the major form of this unusual polypeptide, determined from NMR data, consists of a well-defined fold containing a non-hydrogen-bonded chain reversal from Gly1 to Glu5, which includes a cis-hydroxyproline and a D-Trp, and a type I beta-turn from Glu5 to Cys8. The presence of a putative salt bridge between the Glu5 carboxyl group and the N-terminal ammonium group is investigated by using various solvation models during energy minimization and is compared with the results of a pH titration. A comparison of the structure of contryphan-R with other cyclic peptide structures highlights some of the key structural determinants of these peptides and suggests that the contryphan-R fold could be exploited as a scaffold onto which unrelated protein binding surfaces could be grafted. Comparison with small disulfide-bridged loops in larger proteins shows that contryphan-R is similar to a commonly occurring loop structure found in proteins.
Wavefield Signal Apparition, Part II - Application to Simultaneous Sources and Their Separation (2016)

Summary The seismic industry is going through a revolution in seismic acquisition efficiency. One major trend is simultaneous sources, where signals from different sources are encoded in acquisition. Their individual responses are recovered in data processing using advanced decoding algorithms. To date, the main principle in marine seismic multishooting has been to shoot with random dithering for one or several sources while acquiring seismic data simultaneously. We propose to change the way of thinking by exploiting periodic time dithering based on the method of wavefield signal apparition (Robertsson et al., 2016, Wavefield signal apparition, Part I: Theory, abstract submitted to EAGE). The method is applied to numerically modeled data, showing perfect separation of responses to two adjacent sampled sources.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy: Role of STAT-3 and Reactive Oxygen Species (2010)

Enhanced oxidative stress related to high metabolic turnover and elevated tissue oxygen requirements are the characteristic physiological state in pregnancy. In women with noneventful pregnancy and peripartum periods, this process appears to be paralleled by an increase in systemic antioxidant capacity. While these biochemical changes may not have pathophysiological consequences in healthy women, they may sensitize women with additional risk factors in late pregnancy and the early postpartum period to cardiovascular diseases such as preeclampsia and peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM). PPCM is a serious, potentially life-threatening heart disease of uncertain etiology in previously healthy women. Recent experimental findings associate unbalanced peripartum oxidative stress with the generation of a potent angiostatic, pro-apoptotic and proinflammatory factor, 16-kDa prolactin. Consistent with this notion, enhancing antioxidative capacity or pharmacological inhibition of prolactin secretion prevents PPCM in experimental models and seems to be promising in initial clinical approaches. Thus, unbalanced oxidative stress and high prolactin levels in combination seem to be key factors in PPCM and may therefore represent novel specific therapeutic targets to treat PPCM. The present article summarizes the current knowledge on peripartum oxidative stress mechanisms and associated cardiovascular disease forms and reports on potential pathomechanisms and novel treatment options for PPCM.
300-GHz Amplifier in 75-nm InP HEMT Technology (2016)

We developed a 300-GHz high gain amplifier MMIC in 75-nm InP high electron mobility transistor technology. We approached the issues with accurate characterization of devices to design the amplifier. The on-wafer through-reflect-line calibration technique was used to obtain accurate transistor characteristics. To increase measurement accuracy, a highly isolated structure was used for on-wafer calibration standards. The common source amplifier topology was used for achieving high gain amplification. The implemented amplifier MMIC exhibited a gain of over 25 dB in the 280-310-GHz frequency band.
Prodrug Therapies for Infectious and Neurodegenerative Diseases (2022)

Prodrugs are bioreversible drug derivatives which are metabolized into a pharmacologically active drug following chemical or enzymatic modification. This approach is designed to overcome several obstacles that are faced by the parent drug in physiological conditions that include rapid drug metabolism, poor solubility, permeability, and suboptimal pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. These suboptimal physicochemical features can lead to rapid drug elimination, systemic toxicities, and limited drug-targeting to disease-affected tissue. Improving upon these properties can be accomplished by a prodrug design that includes the careful choosing of the promoiety, the linker, the prodrug synthesis, and targeting decorations. We now provide an overview of recent developments and applications of prodrugs for treating neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and infectious diseases. Disease interplay reflects that microbial infections and consequent inflammation affects neurodegenerative diseases and vice versa, independent of aging. Given the high prevalence, personal, social, and economic burden of both infectious and neurodegenerative disorders, therapeutic improvements are immediately needed. Prodrugs are an important, and might be said a critical tool, in providing an avenue for effective drug therapy.
2-Mercapto Benzothiazole Derivatives: As Potential Leads for the Diabetic Management (2019)

A number of compounds were identified as dual nature as antiglycating agent and α- glucosidase inhibitors. These compounds may serve as potential lead candidates for the management of diabetes mellitus.
Molecular basis for dengue virus broad cross-neutralization by humanized monoclonal antibody 513 (2018)

Dengue is a widespread viral disease with 3.6 billion people at risk worldwide. Humanized monoclonal antibody (mAb) 513, currently undergoing clinical trials in Singapore, targets an epitope on the envelope protein domain III exposed at the surface of the viral particle. This antibody potently neutralizes all four dengue virus serotypes in a humanized mouse model that recapitulates human dengue infection, without signs of antibody-mediated enhancement of the disease. The crystal structure of single-chain variable fragment (scFv) 513 bound to the envelope protein domain III from dengue virus serotype 4 was used as a template to explore the molecular origins of the broader cross-reactivity and increased in vivo potency of mAb 513, compared to the parent murine mAb 4E11, using molecular dynamics simulations and network analyses. These two methods are a powerful complement to existing structural and binding data and detail specific interactions that underpin the differential binding of the two antibodies. We found that a Glu at position H55 (Glu<sup>H55</sup>) from the second Complementarity Determining Region of the Heavy chain (CDR-H2) which corresponds to Ala in 4E11, is a major contributor to the enhancement in the interactions of mAb 513 compared to 4E11. Importantly, we also validate the importance of Glu<sup>H55</sup> using site-directed mutagenesis followed by isothermal titration calorimetry measurements.
Cognitive impairment in MS (2013)

CI patients diverged from CP patients only on DTI metrics. WM integrity changes were found in areas that are highly relevant for cognition in the CI patients but not in the CP patients. These WM changes are therefore thought to be related to the cognitive deficits and suggest that DTI might be a powerful tool when monitoring cognitive impairment in MS.
Human CARD11 deficiency causes profound combined immunodeficiency (P3325) (2013)

Abstract Patients with primary immunodeficiency present an excellent opportunity to understand the role of specific molecules in the human immune system. Recently we had the chance to investigate a young girl with a complete CARD11 deficiency due to a homozygous deletion of exon 21. Clinically the child presented with increased susceptibility to respiratory tract infections at 6 months, before she was diagnosed at 13 months with Pneumocystis jirovecii revealing her combined immunodeficiency. The immunological characterization showed severe hypogammaglobulinemia, but normal T-, B- and NK-cell numbers. While there were only subtle changes in the T cell compartment, B-cell differentiation was blocked at the transitional stage. In the absence of CARD11 protein expression activation of the canonical NF-κB pathway after antigen receptor or PMA stimulation was abrogated, while CD40 signaling in B cells was preserved. CARD11 deficient T cells were severely impaired in the up-regulation of ICOS, OX40, cytokine production and proliferation after TCR stimulation. On B cells BAFF receptor expression was reduced and after activation ICAM1 and CD25 were not induced while CD86 induction was comparable to control cells. Immunoglobulin production was intact after anti-IL-21/CD40L stimulation, demonstrating that plasma cell differentiation was not dependent on intact CARD11. Thus CARD11 plays a crucial, non-redundant role in the antigen specific immune response in humans.
Contributions to the application of the transferability principle and the multipolar modeling of H atoms: electron-density study ofL-histidinium dihydrogen orthophosphate orthophosphoric acid. I (2006)

The electron density of L-histidinium dihydrogen orthophosphate orthophosphoric acid has been determined from X-ray and neutron diffraction data at low temperature (120 K). Topological analysis of the electron density has been used to analyse the effect of the multipolar refinement strategy on the electron-density model in the hydrogen-bonding regions. The electron density at low temperature has also been used to acquire high-quality experimental thermal parameters at room temperature using the transferability principle. Molecular vibrations, TLS and normal mode analysis are discussed and studied at both temperatures.
Extinction Characteristics of Premixed Flame in Heated Microchannel at Reduced Pressures (2008)

Abstract The effects of pressure, flow velocity and mixture composition on extinction limits of premixed methane/air flames in a mesoscale channel (2 mm) with a temperature gradient were studied both experimentally and numerically at low pressure conditions (0.2–0.05 atm). An external heat source was employed to form a steady temperature gradient along the channel for simulating the state of the heat recirculation. At low pressure conditions, combustion in a small-scale channel can be simulated since flame becomes thicker with the decrease of pressure. Both experimental and numerical results showed that maximum upper blow-off limits were found to be at the fuel-leaner side under low pressure conditions. That is, the flammable regions under low pressure conditions showed tendencies asymmetric to the stoichiometric mixture ratio, while the conventional flammable region at atmospheric pressure is symmetric to it. Furthermore, computational results implied the existence of a lower extinction limit of stable flame although heat loss was compensated for by the external heater. Keywords: Extinction limitHeat recirculationMicrocombustion