gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Co-culture with pig membrana granulosa cells modulates the activity of cdc2 and MAP kinase in maturing cattle oocytes (1996)

Bovine cumulus-enclosed oocytes, initially cultured up to diakinesis (8 h of initial culture) or metaphase I (12 h of initial culture), were subsequently co-cultured for 6 h in contact with pig membrana granulosa (PMG) cells and then assayed for histone H1 and MAP kinase activities. In addition, the phosphorylation state of ERK 1,2 proteins was determined by Western blotting. The alterations in nuclear envelope breakdown, meiotic spindle formation and the patterns of chromosome condensation were analysed by immunofluorescence and transmission electron microscopy. The diakinesis-stage oocytes (initially cultured for 8 h) already possessed high histone H1 kinase and MAP kinase activities that were correlated with condensed and partially individualised chromosomes. The ERK 1 and most ERK 2 proteins were partly phosphorylated. Following the 6 h co-culture of these oocytes with PMG a rapid decrease in MAP kinase activity and a slower decrease in histone H1 kinase occurred, as well as ERK 1 and ERK 2 dephosphorylation. Both kinase activities and ERK 1,2 phosphorylation were fully restored following the release of the oocytes from co-culture and a subsequent culture in the absence of PMG. Moreover, the clumped bivalents were reindividualised and 56% of these oocytes reached metaphase II after 20 h of culture without PMG. The metaphase I oocytes, initially cultured for 12 h, displayed a fusiform meiotic spindle and a metaphase array of chromosomal bivalents, accompanied by high levels of both histone H1 and MAP kinase activity. Co-culture of MI oocytes with PMG abolished the activity of both kinases and caused the dephosphorylation of ERK 1 and ERK 2. Furthermore, the spindle microtubules were depolymerised and the chromosomal bivalents clumped into a single mass. Neither of the protein kinase activities nor the meiotic spindle were restored following subsequent culture in the absence of PMG for up to 20 h. These observations indicate that under in vitro conditions membrana granulosa cells can cause a prompt decrease in histone H1 and MAP kinase activities, and metaphase I oocytes. While these events are fully reversible in late diakinesis oocytes, metaphase I oocytes did not complete maturation after release from co-culture.
Ground-water-quality data for Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey, 1958-85 (1986)

This report is one of a series resulting from an investigation by the U.S. Geological Survey of the water resources of Picatinny Arsenal in northern New Jersey. It lists the results of 1,129 analyses of ground water, including 522 determinations of inorganic constituents and 607 determinations of organic constituents. Water samples were collected from 56 wells on the site from 1958 through 1985. Of these wells, 50 are screened in stratified drift aquifers and 6 are in bedrock. Samples were collected and analyzed by a total of four agencies: one State, one Federal, and two private. Of the 1,129 samples, 51 were collected and analyzed by the U.S. Geological Survey.
Secondary structure of peptides. 4: 13C‐Nmr CP/MAS investigation of solid oligo‐ and poly(L‐alanines) (1983)

Abstract Primary and tertiary amine‐initiated polymerizations of L ‐alanine‐ N ‐carboxyanhydride ( L ‐Ala‐NCA) were conducted at 20 or 100°C in a variety of solvents. The 75.5‐MHz 13 C‐nmr CP/MAS spectra of the resulting poly( L ‐alanines) revealed that all samples contain both α‐helix and pleated‐sheet structures. Depending on the reaction conditions the α‐helix content varied between ca. 1 and 99%. Reprecipitation from aprotic nonsolvents does not change the α‐helix/β‐sheet ratio, indicating that this ratio is thermodynamically controlled. Since relatively large amounts of oligopeptides of degree of polymerization ( DP ) 4–6 can be extracted by means of acetic acid, it is concluded that (a) most poly( L ‐alanines) possess a bimodal molecular weight distribution, (b) the oligopeptide fraction with DP ⩽ 11 is responsible for the β‐sheet fraction of all samples, and (c) the two‐stage crystal growth proposed by Komoto and Kawai is not correct. Solubilizing initiators such as poly(ethylene oxide) NH 2 prevent the precipitation of oligoalanine and, thus, the formation of a β‐sheet structure. 13 C‐nmr CP/MAS measurements also show that tri‐ and tetra‐ L ‐alanines form insoluble β‐sheet structures.
LTE-advanced pro: part 2 [Guest Editorial] (2016)

Our society is undergoing an unprecedented transformation as more and more devices are being interconnected over the wide area network. This will profoundly change our productivity and human interaction. The Internet of Things (IoT) has been one of the most successful growth segments in cellular-based applications in recent years, with an annual growth rate in the range of 30 percent. It is anticipated that the ratio of connected things to people will rise sharply over the next 5-10 years, to around 7:1 or even higher, which means that there would be 50 billion or even more connected things. The GSM Association believes the number could grow to 24 billion by 2020 [1], while Gartner forecasts that number to be 35 billion [2]. Applications include smart building, smart metering, smart city, ehealth, smart environment, consumer electronics, and telematics/vehicle to everything (V2X). Consequently, this part of the Feature Topic will focus on technologies for Long Term Evolution (LTE) that will enhance the support of IoT.
Modeling boron diffusion in thin-oxide p/sup +/ Si gate technology (1996)

A network defect model suitable for use in process simulation is presented for the diffusion of B in SiO/sub 2/ and, in particular, B in the presence of F and H/sub 2/. We find that B diffuses via a peroxy linkage defect the concentration in the oxide of which changes under different processing conditions. From random walk theory it is possible then to calculate the resulting diffusion coefficients. These results are compared with measured diffusivities and empirical adjustments are made.
FMMU: A Hardware-Automated Flash Map Management Unit for Scalable\n Performance of NAND Flash-Based SSDs (2017)

NAND flash-based Solid State Drives (SSDs), which are widely used from\nembedded systems to enterprise servers, are enhancing performance by exploiting\nthe parallelism of NAND flash memories. To cope with the performance\nimprovement of SSDs, storage systems have rapidly adopted the host interface\nfor SSDs from Serial-ATA, which is used for existing hard disk drives, to\nhigh-speed PCI express. Since NAND flash memory does not allow in-place\nupdates, it requires special software called Flash Translation Layer (FTL), and\nSSDs are equipped with embedded processors to run FTL. Existing SSDs increase\nthe clock frequency of embedded processors or increase the number of embedded\nprocessors in order to prevent FTL from acting as bottleneck of SSD\nperformance, but these approaches are not scalable. This paper proposes a\nhardware-automated Flash Map Management Unit, called FMMU, that handles the\naddress translation process dominating the execution time of the FTL by\nhardware automation. FMMU provides methods for exploiting the parallelism of\nflash memory by processing outstanding requests in a non-blocking manner while\nreducing the number of flash operations. The experimental results show that the\nFMMU reduces the FTL execution time in the map cache hit case and the miss case\nby 44% and 37%, respectively, compared with the existing software-based\napproach operating in 4-core. FMMU also prevents FTL from acting as a\nperformance bottleneck for up to 32-channel, 8-way SSD using PCIe 3.0 x32 host\ninterface.\n
A chimeric platelet-targeted urokinase prodrug selectively blocks new thrombus formation (2015)

The use of fibrinolytic agents to prevent new thrombus formation is limited by an increased risk of bleeding due to lysis of hemostatic clots that prevent hemorrhage in damaged blood vessels. We sought to develop an agent that provides thromboprophylaxis without carrying a significant risk of causing systemic fibrinolysis or disrupting hemostatic clots. We previously showed that platelet (PLT) α granule-delivered urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is highly effective in preventing thrombosis, while being associated with little systemic fibrinolysis or bleeding. Here, we generated a chimeric prodrug composed of a single-chain version of the variable region of an anti-αIIbβ3 mAb fused to a thrombin-activatable, low-molecular-weight pro-uPA (PLT/uPA-T). PLT/uPA-T recognizes human αIIbβ3 on both quiescent and activated platelets and is enzymatically activated specifically by thrombin. We found that this prodrug binds tightly to human platelets even after gel filtration, has a prolonged half-life in mice transgenic for human αIIb compared with that of uPA-T, and prevents clot formation in a microfluidic system. Importantly, in two murine injury models, PLT/uPA-T did not lyse preexisting clots, even when administration was delayed by as little as 10 minutes, while it concurrently prevented the development of nascent thrombi. Thus, PLT/uPA-T represents the prototype of a platelet-targeted thromboprophylactic agent that selectively targets nascent over preexisting thrombi.
Hybrid-imaging for motion deblurring (2014)

This chapter introduces a hybrid-imaging system for motion deblurring, which is an imaging system that couples two or more cameras that function differently to perform a unified task. The cameras are usually selected to have different specialized functions. For example, a hybrid stereo camera presented by Sawhney et al. (Sawhney, Guo, Hanna, Kumar, Adkins & Zhou 2001) utilizes two cameras with different spatial resolutions to obtain high resolution stereo output.
Novel MSER-guided street extraction from satellite images (2015)

The paper presents a novel technique to segment and extract streets from satellite images. This technique utilizes, for the first time in the known literature, the Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) algorithm to robustly identify and segment streets from satellite images. The technique extracts dark MSERs and then classifies them based on multiple metrics such as the intensity of the pixels, the region stability, and the major-to-minor axes ratio. Testing results under multiple scenarios corroborate the accuracy of the proposed technique. The technique will allow fast and accurate implementation of a wide spectrum of applications such as in Global Positioning System (GPS) driving guidance.
Resident Endothelial Precursors in Muscle, Adipose, and Dermis Contribute to Postnatal Vasculogenesis (2007)

A novel population of tissue-resident endothelial precursors (TEPs) was isolated from small blood vessels in dermal, adipose, and skeletal muscle of mouse based on their ability to be grown as spheres. Cellular and molecular analyses of these cells revealed that they were highly related regardless of the tissue of origin and distinct from embryonic neural stem cells. Notably, TEPs did not express hematopoietic markers, but they expressed numerous characteristics of angiogenic precursors and their differentiated progeny, such as CD34, Flk-1, Tie-1, CD31, and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin). TEPs readily differentiated into endothelial cells in newly formed vascular networks following transplantation into regenerating skeletal muscle. Taken together, these experiments suggest that TEPs represent a novel class of endothelial precursors that are closely associated with small blood vessels in muscle, adipose, and dermal tissue. This finding is of particular interest since it could bring new insight in cancer angiogenesis and collateral blood vessels developed following ischemia. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.
Inspection of subwavelength structures and zero-order gratings using polarization interferometry (2002)

The low-pass characteristic of the optical imaging limits severely a quantitative measurement of structure-sizes below the optical wavelength and leads to measurement errors. On the other hand, small structures show different optical characteristics for different polarizations. A fact that corresponds to the form-birefringence of microstructures. It is described for zero-order gratings by polarization dependent dielectric constants in the effective medium theory. The birefringence can be measured accurately by use of polarization interferometry where two orthogonal polarizations interfere so that their phase-difference can be determined. To that end an electro-optic modulator is inserted into the optical path of a polarization microscope to provide the well-defined phase steps for an evaluation according to phase-shifting interferometry. From the phase difference we can conclude on the optical path-difference for both polarizations and from this - using the structure thickness - on the birefringence. Waveguide-models are applied for image interpretation. For an estimation of the width of the structure we compare polarization-interferometrical measurements with rigorous numerical simulations.
Stochastic Multiple Stream Decoding of Cortex Codes (2011)

International audience
Social media (2011)

Social media has witnessed an explosive growth in the past few years. Wikipedia has over 3.5 million pages with descriptions of entities. Flickr members have uploaded over 5 billion photos,You Tube has 35 hours of videos uploaded to the site each minute, and Twitter users generate 65 million tweets a day. While some forms of social media like Wikipedia clearly have valuable information embedded in them, the jury is still out on other forms like tweets, comments, and social network (e.g., Facebook) updates. Some of the key questions that the panel will debate include: Is there useful information in social media like tweets? How to extract structured records from unstructured user-generated content like reviews? How to sift through the vast amounts of social media and filter out the spam/offensive content? How to rank social media like blogs and comments based on relevance or importance?
Polycrystalline silicon ring resonator photodiodes in a bulk complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor process (2014)

We present measurements on resonant photodetectors utilizing sub-bandgap absorption in polycrystalline silicon ring resonators, in which light is localized in the intrinsic region of a p+/p/i/n/n+ diode. The devices, operating both at λ=1280 and λ=1550 nm and fabricated in a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) dynamic random-access memory emulation process, exhibit detection quantum efficiencies around 20% and few-gigahertz response bandwidths. We observe this performance at low reverse biases in the range of a few volts and in devices with dark currents below 50 pA at 10 V. These results demonstrate that such photodetector behavior, previously reported by Preston et al. [Opt. Lett. 36, 52 (2011)], is achievable in bulk CMOS processes, with significant improvements with respect to the previous work in quantum efficiency, dark current, linearity, bandwidth, and operating bias due to additional midlevel doping implants and different material deposition. The present work thus offers a robust realization of a fully CMOS-fabricated all-silicon photodetector functional across a wide wavelength range.
CC‐1065 und die Duocarmycine: mechanistische Studien zum Verständnis ihrer biologischen Funktion (1996)

Abstract Wir fassen hier Arbeiten zusammen, die sich mit den DNA‐Alkylierungs‐Eigenschaften einer Klasse wirksamer Cytostatica/Antibiotica, zu denen CC–1065 und die Duocarmycine zählen, befaßten, sowie Untersuchungen, die für diese Verbindungen die elementaren Zusammenhänge zwischen Struktur, funktioneller Reaktivität und biologischem Verhalten ermittelten. Neben dem Studium der Naturstoffe selbst haben Untersuchungen mit strukturell stark veränderten, synthetischen Substraten und den nicht in der Natur vorkommenden („nichtnatürlichen”︁) Enantiomeren der Naturstoffe und verwandter Analoga dazu beigetragen, die strukturelle Grundlage für die sequenzselektive Alkylierung von Duplex‐DNA zu bestimmen, und den Schlüssel zum Verständnis der elementaren Zusammenhänge zwischen chemischer Struktur, funktioneller Reaktivität und biologischem Verhalten geliefert. Die charakteristische DNA‐Alkylierung erfolgt durch reversible, stereoelektronisch gesteuerte Adenin‐N3‐Addition an das am wenigsten substituierte Kohlenstoffatom des aktivierten Antibioticum‐Cyclopropanrings innerhalb AT‐reicher Bindungsstellen in der kleinen Furche. Sowohl die natürlichen als auch die nichtnatürlichen Enantiomere alkylieren DNA, und in beiden Fällen wird die Sequenzselektivität durch die bevorzugte nichtkovalente Bindung der Substrate an AT‐reiche Regionen innerhalb der schmaleren und tieferen kleinen Furche und durch die Zugänglichkeit der Alkylierungsstelle beim Eindringen in diese Furche gesteuert und dominiert. Unter den elementaren Beziehungen zwischen Struktur und Eigenschaften fällt besonders der direkte Zusammenhang zwischen chemischer oder funktioneller Stabilität und biologischer Wirksamkeit auf. In kurzer Zeit wurden vereinfachte, auf Naturstoff‐Leitbildern basierende und leicht zugängliche synthetische Substrate mit einer vergleichbaren und außergewöhnlichen biologischen Wirksamkeit (IC 50 = 1–50 pM) und einer verbesserten Wirkung entwickelt. Die bisher definierten elementaren Zusammenhänge könnten den Grundstein für künftige Entwicklungen und Fortschritte legen.
Deliberate modification of the solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) during lithiation of magnetite, Fe3O4: impact on electrochemistry (2017)

Magnetite is a conversion anode material displaying multi-electron transfer during lithiation and delithiation. The solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on magnetite, Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, electrodes for lithium ion batteries was deliberately modified through the use of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) electrolyte additive, improving both capacity retention and rate capability. Analysis showed reduction of FEC at higher voltage compared to non-fluorinated solvents with formation of a modified lithium flouride containing electrode surface.
Production of Hydrogen Peroxide in Liquid CO2. 2. Catalytic Hydrogenation of CO2-philic Anthraquinones (1999)

Pd-catalyzed hydrogenations of fluoroether-functionalized anthraquinones (FAQs) were conducted in liquid CO2 (P = 235 bar) at room temperature. The kinetics of the hydrogenation of the FAQs in liquid CO2 was investigated in a high-pressure batch reactor under a 10-fold excess of hydrogen, while varying the catalyst loading and catalyst particle size. The pressures employed were such that H2, CO2, and FAQ formed a single phase. The 1H NMR analysis of the FAQs after a hydrogenation−oxidation cycle showed no indication for “deep” hydrogenation or degradation of the linker. True kinetic constants, diffusion coefficients, and effective diffusivities were determined by simultaneous regression of the kinetic data. The diffusion coefficients of the FAQs decreased as the length of the fluoroether tail increased. Small catalyst particles and high stirring rates totally eliminated the external transport limitations. The nature of the linking group and the spacer (between the tail and the anthraquinone block) affected the reactivity of FAQs in the hydrogenation process. Using FAQs with relatively short fluoroether tails, we could readily achieve conditions where hydrogenation in CO2 was kinetically controlled.
Learning to differentiate individuals by their voices: Infants' individuation of native‐ and foreign‐species voices (2013)

The ability to discriminate and identify people by their voice is important for social interaction in humans. In early development, learning to discriminate important differences in a number of socially relevant stimuli, such as phonemes and faces, has been shown to follow a common pattern of experience-driven perceptual narrowing, where the discrimination of native stimuli improves, while the discrimination of foreign stimuli worsens. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether similar perceptual narrowing occurs for discriminating individuals by voice. We tested the ability of English-speaking adults and English-learning 6- and 12-month-olds to discriminate either native-species (human) or foreign-species (rhesus monkey [Macaca mulatta]) individuals by their vocalizations. Between 6 and 12 months of age, the ability to discriminate monkey voices decreased significantly and there was a non-significant trend for improved ability to discriminate human voices. The results support the hypothesis of experience-driven perceptual narrowing for voice individuation during the first year after birth.
Development of Rapidly Metabolized and Ultra-Short-Acting Ketamine Analogs (2015)

The 5 norketamine ester analogs retain the hypnotic characteristics of the parent compound, yet display rapid offset due to ultrarapid metabolism.
Joint Channel Estimation and Data Detection in MIMO-OFDM Systems: A Sparse Bayesian Learning Approach (2015)

The impulse response of wireless channels between the Nt transmit and Nr receive antennas of a MIMO-OFDM system are group approximately sparse (ga-sparse), i.e., the NtNr channels have a small number of significant paths relative to the channel delay spread and the time-lags of the significant paths between transmit and receive antenna pairs coincide. Often, wireless channels are also group approximately cluster-sparse (gac-sparse), i.e., every ga-sparse channel consists of clusters, where a few clusters have all strong components while most clusters have all weak components. In this paper, we cast the problem of estimating the ga-sparse and gac-sparse block-fading and time-varying channels in the sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) framework and propose a bouquet of novel algorithms for pilot-based channel estimation, and joint channel estimation and data detection, in MIMO-OFDM systems. The proposed algorithms are capable of estimating the sparse wireless channels even when the measurement matrix is only partially known. Further, we employ a first-order autoregressive modeling of the temporal variation of the ga-sparse and gac-sparse channels and propose a recursive Kalman filtering and smoothing (KFS) technique for joint channel estimation, tracking, and data detection. We also propose novel, parallel-implementation based, low-complexity techniques for estimating gac-sparse channels. Monte Carlo simulations illustrate the benefit of exploiting the gac-sparse structure in the wireless channel in terms of the mean square error (MSE) and coded bit error rate (BER) performance.
Two Defocus Quantitative Phase Imaging Methods: Comparison and Improvements (2019)

Two defocus-based quantitative phase imaging (QPI) methods are compared, then solutions to overcome all the disadvantages are provided. After the improvements, the original worse one becomes the better one due to its better noise robustness.
Misalignment-free, Kerr-lens-modelocked Yb:Y2O3 2.2-GHz oscillator, amplified by a semiconductor optical amplifier (2022)

We present a fully bonded, misalignment-free, diode-pumped Yb:ceramic (Yb:Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) oscillator producing 190-fs pulses at a repetition frequency of 2.185 GHz. Self-starting Kerr-lens-modelocked operation was obtained from both outputs of the ring cavity with an average combined output power of 14-30 mW for pump powers from 380-670 mW. The fully bonded design provided self-starting, turnkey operation, with a relative intensity noise of 0.025% from 1 Hz-1 MHz. Tuning of the pulse repetition rate over a 120 kHz range was demonstrated for a 2°C change in temperature. Chirped-pulse amplification in a semiconductor optical amplifier was shown to increase the pulse average power to 69 mW and the pulse energy (peak power) from 2.5 pJ (12 W) to 32 pJ (71 W).