gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Highly Pathogenic Avian A(H5N2) and A(H5N8) Influenza Viruses of Clade 2.3.4.4 from North America Have Limited Capacity for Replication and Transmission in Mammals (2016)

Highly pathogenic influenza A(H5N8) viruses from clade 2.3.4.4 were introduced to North America by migratory birds in the fall of 2014. Reassortment of A(H5N8) viruses with avian viruses of North American lineage resulted in the generation of novel A(H5N2) viruses with novel genotypes. Through sequencing of recent avian influenza viruses, we identified PB1 and NP gene segments very similar to those in the viruses isolated from North American waterfowl prior to the introduction of A(H5N8) to North America, highlighting these bird species in the origin of reassortant A(H5N2) viruses. While they were highly virulent and transmissible in poultry, we found A(H5N2) viruses to be low pathogenic in mice and ferrets, and replication was limited in both hosts compared with those of recent highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 viruses. Molecular characterization of the hemagglutinin protein from A(H5N2) viruses showed that the receptor binding preference, cleavage, and pH of activation were highly adapted for replication in avian species and similar to those of other 2.3.4.4 viruses. In addition, North American and Eurasian clade 2.3.4.4 H5NX viruses replicated to significantly lower titers in differentiated normal human bronchial epithelial cells than did seasonal human A(H1N1) and highly pathogenic A(H5N1) viruses isolated from a human case. Thus, despite their having a high impact on poultry, our findings suggest that the recently emerging North American A(H5N2) viruses are not expected to pose a substantial threat to humans and other mammals without further reassortment and/or adaptation and that reassortment with North American viruses has not had a major impact on viral phenotype. IMPORTANCE Highly pathogenic H5 influenza viruses have been introduced into North America from Asia, causing extensive morbidity and mortality in domestic poultry. The introduced viruses have reassorted with North American avian influenza viruses, generating viral genotypes not seen on other continents. The experiments and analyses presented here were designed to assess the impact of this genetic diversification on viral phenotypes, particularly as regards mammalian hosts, by comparing the North American viruses with their Eurasian precursor viruses.
Assessment of myocardial oxygenation in patients with severe aortic stenosis before and after aortic valve replacement: an oxygenation-sensitive CMR study (2014)

Background Left ventricular hypertrophy in aortic stenosis (AS) is characterised by reduced myocardial perfusion reserve due to coronary microvascular dysfunction. However, it remains unclear whether the hypoperfusion seen in severe AS leads to myocardial tissue deoxygenation and thus, ischemia during stress. The aim of this study was to assess myocardial oxygenation and perfusion in patients with severe AS but no obstructive coronary artery disease before and after aortic valve replacement (AVR).
Mathematical modeling of heat transfer, fluid flow, and solidification during linear welding with a pulsed laser beam (2006)

The evolution of temperature and velocity fields during welding of 304 stainless steel with a pulsed laser beam was simulated using a three dimensional numerical heat transfer and fluid flow model. The weld pool solidified between pulses and regions of the weld bead melted and solidified several times during welding. Short laser pulses restricted the width of the weld track and velocities in the weld pool. However, convection still remained an important mechanism of heat transfer in the weld pool. The computed high cooling rates during linear welding with neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet pulsed laser operated at 140W average power, 20Hz frequency, and 5ms pulse duration were consistent with those observed in typical laser welding. After the laser beam was switched off, the mushy zone expanded, reaching its maximum size when no pure liquid region remained. Calculations of solidification parameters indicated that the criterion for plane front solidification was not satisfied. The results demonstrate that the application of numerical transport phenomena can significantly improve the current understanding of linear welding with a pulsed laser beam.
Optical Filter Selection for High Confidence Discrimination of Strongly Overlapping Infrared Chemical Spectra (2015)

Optical filter-based chemical sensing techniques provide a new avenue to develop low-cost infrared sensors. These methods utilize multiple infrared optical filters to selectively measure different response functions for various chemicals, dependent on each chemical's infrared absorption. Rather than identifying distinct spectral features, which can then be used to determine the identity of a target chemical, optical filter-based approaches rely on measuring differences in the ensemble response between a given filter set and specific chemicals of interest. Therefore, the results of such methods are highly dependent on the original optical filter choice, which will dictate the selectivity, sensitivity, and stability of any filter-based sensing method. Recently, a method has been developed that utilizes unique detection vector operations defined by optical multifilter responses, to discriminate between volatile chemical vapors. This method, comparative-discrimination spectral detection (CDSD), is a technique which employs broadband optical filters to selectively discriminate between chemicals with highly overlapping infrared absorption spectra. CDSD has been shown to correctly distinguish between similar chemicals in the carbon-hydrogen stretch region of the infrared absorption spectra from 2800-3100 cm(-1). A key challenge to this approach is how to determine which optical filter sets should be utilized to achieve the greatest discrimination between target chemicals. Previous studies used empirical approaches to select the optical filter set; however this is insufficient to determine the optimum selectivity between strongly overlapping chemical spectra. Here we present a numerical approach to systematically study the effects of filter positioning and bandwidth on a number of three-chemical systems. We describe how both the filter properties, as well as the chemicals in each set, affect the CDSD results and subsequent discrimination. These results demonstrate the importance of choosing the proper filter set and chemicals for comparative discrimination, in order to identify the target chemical of interest in the presence of closely matched chemical interferents. These findings are an integral step in the development of experimental prototype sensors, which will utilize CDSD.
Opioid Receptor Types and Subtypes: The delta Receptor as a Model (1996)

Since the discovery of opioid receptors over two decades ago, an increasing body of work has emerged supporting the concept of multiple opioid receptors. Molecular cloning has identified three opioid receptor types--mu, delta, and kappa--confirming pharmacological studies that previously postulated the existence of these three receptors. The cloned opioid receptors are highly homologous and belong to the family of seven-transmembrane, G protein-coupled receptors. With the development of novel opioid ligands, subtypes of the mu, delta, and kappa receptors have been proposed, although the molecular basis of these subtypes has not been elucidated. In this review, we present the pharmacological data supporting the concept of multiple delta opioid receptor subtypes and offer hypothetical mechanisms which might generate these "subtypes."
Fast Search For Mpeg Video Clips Using Adjacent Pixel Intensity Difference Quantization Histogram Feature (2009)

In this paper, we propose a novel fast search algorithm for short MPEG video clips from video database. This algorithm is based on the adjacent pixel intensity difference quantization (APIDQ) algorithm, which had been reliably applied to human face recognition previously. An APIDQ histogram is utilized as the feature vector of the frame image. Instead of fully decompressed video frames, partially decoded data, namely DC images are utilized. Combined with active search [4], a temporal pruning algorithm, fast and robust video search can be realized. The proposed search algorithm has been evaluated by 6 hours of video to search for given 200 MPEG video clips which each length is 15 seconds. Experimental results show the proposed algorithm can detect the similar video clip in merely 80ms, and Equal Error Rate (ERR) of 3 % is achieved, which is more accurately and robust than conventional fast video search algorithm.
Lattice Mismatch in Crystalline Nanoparticle Thin Films* (2020)

For atomic thin films, lattice mismatch during heteroepitaxy leads to an accumulation of strain energy, generally causing the films to irreversibly deform and generate defects. In contrast, more elastically malleable building blocks should be better able to accommodate this mismatch and the resulting strain. Herein, that hypothesis is tested by utilizing DNA-modified nanoparticles as “soft,” programmable atom equivalents (PAEs) to grow a heteroepitaxial colloidal thin film. In heteroepitaxial systems with lattice mismatch, elastic strain energy accumulates within the deposited thin film with the addition of each layer. To explore the energetic stability of a heteroepitaxial PAE thin film, a mathematical model based on mean field approximation was used to calculate theoretical PAE interaction potential energies. The impact of lattice mismatch on PAE thin-film energy was investigated by calculating the potential energy of coherently assembled PAE thin films subjected to various amounts of lattice mismatch strain.
[Adenocarcinoma of the kidney with invasion of the inferior vena cava. Apropos of 32 cases]. (1985)

The authors present 32 cases of renal cell carcinoma with inferior vena cava involvement. Three sub-groups of patients can be distinguished on the basis of the level of this involvement: A (24 patients) with infra-hepatic involvement, B (6 patients) with retro-hepatic involvement and C (2 patients) with supra-hepatic involvement. The surgical tactics and results are analysed for each of these 3 sub-groups. The prognosis is relatively good in sub-group A, but is increasingly less favourable in groups B and C.
Selective targeting of intracellular, misfolded, pathogenic TDP‐43 with rationally designed intrabodies (2021)

Abstract Background Cytoplasmically mislocalized aggregates of TDP‐43 have been implicated in the pathogenesis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy (LATE) through direct toxicity, loss of function of normal TDP‐43, induction of misfolding of other neuronal proteins, and prion‐like, cell‐to‐cell propagation of disease. We generated monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) selective for the misfolded form of TDP‐43 and derived single chain intrabody constructs to allow for intracellular targeting of pathogenic TDP‐43 without interfering with physiological forms of TDP‐43 important for normal cell function. Method Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were generated by immunization with an unfolded N‐terminal domain (NTD) linear epitope predicted to become exposed in cytoplasmically mislocalized aggregates of TDP‐43 but otherwise buried in natively folded TDP‐43. The selectivity of mAbs for pathogenic, aggregated TDP‐43 was assessed by immunocytochemistry (ICC) of HEK293FT cells transfected with mutant TDP‐43 (DNLS‐TDP‐43) and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) on patient samples. Single chain (scFv) intrabody constructs were derived from selective antibodies and HEK293FT cells were co‐transfected with plasmids encoding intrabodies and misfolding DNLS‐TDP‐43. The selective interaction of expressed intrabodies with cytoplasmic DNLS‐TDP‐43 aggregates was assessed by ICC, and clearance of the aggregates was evaluated by western blot analysis of cell lysates. Result ICC showed mAb reactivity with cytoplasmic aggregates of transfected DNLS‐TDP‐43 but not endogenous wild‐type nuclear TDP‐43. IHC of ALS and FTLD CNS sections confirmed immunoreactivity specifically with pathogenic TDP‐43 in patient samples. Similarly, co‐transfection of DNLS‐TDP‐43 and scFv intrabody constructs showed intracellular interaction of intrabodies with misfolded cytoplasmic aggregates of TDP‐43 but not with normal, nuclear TDP‐43. In agreement with a lack of interference with normal TDP‐43, the robust expression of intrabodies did not affect cell viability. Intracellular clearance of the aggregates was observed in western blots of the cell lysates and was enhanced by the inclusion of a lysosomal targeting signal in the intrabody constructs. Conclusion Immunization with an NTD epitope of misfolded TDP‐43 gave rise to mAbs selective for pathogenic vs physiologically important forms of TDP‐43. Intrabody constructs derived from these mAbs were able to promote clearance of intracellular pathogenic TDP‐43 without toxicity to the cells.
Transfer of perceptual learning to completely untrained locations after double training (2010)

Visual perceptual learning can transfer completely to a new location if the new location is trained with an irrelevant task (Xiao et al., Current Biology, 2008). This feature-plus-location double training result suggests that perceptual learning may occur in non-retinotopic brain areas, and learning transfers as spatial attention to the new location is improved through location training. What unknown is how double training will affect performance in other completely untrained locations. We found that (1) Vernier learning was normally location and orientation specific. However, if Vernier was trained at the V and H orientations, one orientation at the upper left visual field (ori1_loc1) and the other at the lower left visual field (ori2_loc2), each serving as location training for the other orientation, learning transferred not only completely to trained locations (ori1_loc2 & ori2_loc1), but also equally to the completely untrained visual quadrants in the right visual field (ori1_loc3/ori2_loc3). (2) Similar results were found when Vernier was trained at one quadrant and motion direction was trained at a diagonal quadrant as location training, in which Vernier learning transferred to the diagonal quadrant, as well as to other completely untrained quadrants at the same (5o) and different (10o) eccentricities. (3) However, in a texture discrimination task (Karni & Sagi, 1991), although the usually location specific learning could transfer to a diagonal quadrant when the transfer location was trained with detecting an array of ovals among circles, learning transferred less significantly to a third completely untrained quadrant. The first two experiments suggest that the observers may have learned the strategy to attend to a peripheral target in a clear field after double training. However, the third experiment indicates that training for precise spatial attention is still required for learning to transfer to a completely untrained location in a cluttered area.
Large-format cylindrical holographic stereogram (1990)

To display 3-D images stored in computer, cylindrical holographic stereograms with white light illumination (CHS) is useful because of both one step synthesis and wide viewing angle in the horizontal direction. But it has been difficult to make the vertical size of reconstructed images larger than 20 cm, because conventional optical system for synthesizing CHS requires a high-power cylindrical lens larger than the size of the reconstructed images 1 We show a new anamorphic optical system, which enlarges the size of images reconstructed from CHS.
Analysis of four pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in several bioactive botanicals with gas and liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry detection (2015)

Several pentacyclic triterpenoid acids including betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids were reported to have health beneficial properties such as antiviral and anti-inflammatory properties, as well as the capability to inhibit "in vitro" the development of various cancer cell types. For this reason betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids are used as neutraceuticals. For the analysis of the pentacyclic triterpenoid acids in complex plant materials, an improved scheme was developed, involving a qualitative screening using silylation and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry analysis, followed by quantitation using a novel liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry procedure. The use of the two methods provides more reliable information regarding the plant materials with unknown composition. Besides betulinic, oleanolic, and ursolic acids that were analyzed, by this procedure a fourth pentacyclic triterpenoid acid was identified and quantitated that was not previously reported to be present in plants. This acid has been identified as 3β-3-hydroxy-lupa-18,20(29)-dien-28-oic acid. The newly identified acid has a structure as a derivative of lupane, although lupane with a double bond in the 18-position was not previously reported as present in plants. The new liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry procedure developed for this study offers a very low limit of quantitation, excellent precision, and robustness. Rosemary was found to contain the largest levels of pentacyclic triterpenoid acids among all the analyzed botanicals.
A Random-Based Fractional-N Frequency Divider for Spurious Tones Cancellation (2010)

International audience
Subpicosecond magnetization dynamics in TbCo alloys (2014)

Since the discovery of all-optical magnetization switching in rare-earth transition-metal alloys the underlying magnetization dynamics of multisublattice magnets has become a hot topic of modern magnetism. We studied the ultrafast magnetization dynamics in TbCo alloys as a function of the alloy composition and the laser fluence using either 800 nm or 400 nm probe pulses. Direct comparison between TbCo samples with different compositions for equal excitation conditions demonstrates that the magnetization dynamics of the Co sublattice strongly depends on the Tb concentration. For ${\mathrm{Tb}}_{32}{\mathrm{Co}}_{68}$ the magnetization of the sublattices can even transiently be reversed on a subpicosecond time scale.
Expression of human adenosine deaminase in mice after transplantation of genetically-modified bone marrow (1990)

A high titer retroviral vector was used to transfer a human adenosine deaminase (h-ADA) cDNA into murine bone marrow cells in vitro. The h-ADA cDNA was linked to the retroviral promoter, and the vector also contained a neomycin phosphotransferase gene as a selectable marker. Infected marrow was transplanted into syngeneic W/Wv recipients, and h-ADA expression was monitored for 5.5 months. Several weeks after transplantation, h-ADA was detected in the erythrocytes of all nine recipients, eight of which expressed levels equal to the endogenous enzyme. This level of expression persisted in two of six surviving mice, while expression in three others stabilized at lower, but readily detectable, levels. Only one mouse had no detectable h-ADA after 5.5 months. Vector DNA sequences with common integration sites were found in hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues of the mice at 5.5 months, providing evidence that hematopoietic stem cells had been infected. Furthermore, all mice transplanted with marrow that had been selected in G418 before infusion had multiple vector copies per genome. While this category included the two highest h-ADA expressors, it also included the negative mouse. Thus, multiple copies of the vector were not sufficient to guarantee long-term h-ADA expression. Mice were monitored for "helper virus" infections with an assay designed to detect a wide range of replication-competent retroviruses, including those endogenous to the mouse genome. No helper virus was detected in the two highest h-ADA expressors, ruling out helper-assisted vector spread as a cause of the high h-ADA expression. These results help provide a foundation for the development of somatic gene therapy techniques to be used in the treatment of human disease.
Nickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of a new sexadentate macrocycle (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel(II) and cobalt(II) complexes of a new sexadentate macrocycleLeonard F. Lindoy and Daryle H. BuschCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 17, 4690–4693Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01045a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01045a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Numerical calculations of temperature dependence of dielectric constant for an ordered assembly of BaTiO3nanocubes with small tilt angles (2018)

The dielectric constant of an ordered assembly of BaTiO3 nanocubes is numerically calculated as a function of temperature assuming a distribution of tilt angles of attached nanocubes. As the phase transition temperature from the tetragonal crystal structure to the cubic crystal structure of a BaTiO3 nanocube decreases as the tilt angle increases, the temperature at the peak of the dielectric constant of an ordered assembly is considerably lower than the Curie temperature of a free-standing BaTiO3 crystal. The peak of the dielectric constant as a function of temperature for an ordered assembly becomes considerably broader than that for a single crystal owing to the contribution of nanocubes with various tilt angles.
Lithium-ion Battery Rate-of-Degradation Modeling for Real-Time Battery Degradation Control during EV Drive Cycle (2018)

This work investigates an approach to modeling lithium-ion battery (LIB) rate-of-degradation (ROD) that can be used for real-time active control of battery degradation. This physics-based model extends from electrochemical LIB degradation modeling in the literature to LIB ROD modeling by estimating the solid-electrolyte-interphase (SEI) layer growth rate on the graphite anode. To enable the real-time control capability, the complexity of conventional electrochemical degradation models is reduced by eliminating all of the associated partial differential equations (PDEs) via regression and estimation algorithms. The proposed reduced-order ROD model can accurately predict the aging progression of batteries cycled with dynamic profiles. The dynamic ROD estimation can be integrated into a dynamic battery current (power) limiting control. Experimental results show that battery degradation reduction can be achieved during drive cycles with the ROD control enabled.