gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
α1-Antitrypsin Combines with Plasma Fatty Acids and Induces Angiopoietin-like Protein 4 Expression (2015)

α1-Antitrypsin (A1AT) purified from human plasma upregulates expression and release of angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) in adherent human blood monocytes and in human lung microvascular endothelial cells, providing a mechanism for the broad immune-regulatory properties of A1AT independent of its antiprotease activity. In this study, we demonstrate that A1AT (Prolastin), a potent inducer of Angptl4, contains significant quantities of the fatty acids (FA) linoleic acid (C18:2) and oleic acid (C18:1). However, only trace amounts of FAs were present in preparations that failed to increase Angplt4 expression, for example, A1AT (Zemaira) or M-type A1AT purified by affinity chromatography. FA pull-down assays with Western blot analysis revealed a FA-binding ability of A1AT. In human blood-adherent monocytes, A1AT-FA conjugates upregulated expression of Angptl4 (54.9-fold, p < 0.001), FA-binding protein 4 (FABP4) (11.4-fold, p < 0.001), and, to a lesser degree, FA translocase (CD36) (3.1-fold, p < 0.001) relative to A1AT devoid of FA (A1AT-0). These latter effects of A1AT-FA were blocked by inhibitors of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) β/δ (ST247) and PPARγ (GW9662). When compared with controls, cell pretreatment with ST247 diminished the effect of A1AT-LA on Angptl4 mRNA (11.6- versus 4.1-fold, p < 0.001) and FABP4 mRNA (5.4- versus 2.8-fold, p < 0.001). Similarly, preincubation of cells with GW9662 inhibited inducing effect of A1AT-LA on Angptl4 mRNA (by 2-fold, p < 0.001) and FABP4 mRNA (by 3-fold, p < 0.001). Thus, A1AT binds to FA, and it is this form of A1AT that induces Angptl4 and FABP4 expression via a PPAR-dependent pathway. These findings provide a mechanism for the unexplored area of A1AT biology independent of its antiprotease properties.
THE RAYPATH THROUGH THE NEAR PORTION OF BIFOCAL LENSES (1966)

1 Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, West Germany 2 Berkeley, California *Submitted on August 24, 1965, for publication in the February, 1966, issue of the American Journal of Optometry and Archives of American Academy of Optometry. †Ph.D. Chief of the Computing and Design Section for Spectacle and Phologrammetric Optics, Carl Zeiss. ‡A.B. Zee-Rex Optical Company. Uni:ed States Agent, Zeiss Opto, the Department for Spectacles, Carl Zeiss. Zee-Rex Optical Company 1654 University Ave. Berkeley, California
The Sp1 Transcription Factor Regulates Cell Type-Specific Transcription of MUC1 (2001)

Because the MUC1 mucin is highly expressed in breast and other carcinomas, interest is focused on the MUC1 promoter, particularly in the context of the delivery of genes to carcinomas. Earlier in vitro studies showed that the region between -152 and -66 of the MUC1 promoter is required for transcriptional activity in MUC1-expressing cells. Experiments reported here showed that sequences -119/-62 within this region are able to modulate transcription of the heterologous constitutively active herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase promoter in a pattern consistent with MUC1 expression. Band-shift experiments showed that although several factors (including Sp1 and Sp3) bind to these sequences, the element important in directing this MUC1 pattern of expression was an Sp1 GC box at -97. The data also show that the positioning or phase of the GC box was crucial for directing expression. The importance of the Sp1 transcription factor was confirmed by demonstrating that overexpression of Sp1 in MUC1-nonexpressing cells increased, not only the expression of a reporter gene driven by the 1.4-kb MUC1 promoter, but also the expression of MUC1 from the endogenous gene. Together, these data define an important role for Sp1 in the cell type-specific transcription of MUC1.
Laser-scanning endoscope with enhanced attributes (2003)

Contemporary methods for minimally invasive interventions are gaining wide acceptance in various everyday operations, offering extremely localized treatment, reduced suffering and practically no risk for the patient as well as great benefits to diagnostic examinations and surgeries that require continuous monitoring. Many established endoscope systems offer the aforementioned advantages without the risks and restrictions of the computer-aided tomography techniques but with limitations in the resolution and chromatic representation provided. A microscanning specific-endoscope device has been developed aiming to provide superior resolution and chromatic representation in comparison with the above endoscopes. The key technology employed in the design of this endoscope relies on the use of tiny microelectro-mechanical silicon mirrors for the scanning of three laser beams over the target tissue area. The so-developed microscanning endoscope system provides color imaging with high resolution at near video rates targeting at macroendoscopy applications. The optical design and implementation of this endoscope system will be presented in this communication together with a brief description of the overall endoscope device developed. In addition results are given from the study of the metamery effect that is utilized in the realized endoscope, together with a presentation of the procedure followed for the objective evaluation of its optical performance and first results from system operation.
Extracellular Vesicles as a Novel Therapeutic Option in Liver Transplantation (2020)

Longterm liver graft dysfunction and immunological rejection remain common adverse events, in part due to early acute rejection episodes initiated by ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) immediately following transplantation. Novel treatment methods are therefore required to ameliorate liver IRI and to promote longterm allograft acceptance. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from tolerogenic phenotype cells may serve as a novel therapeutic option in liver transplantation due to their immunomodulatory and proregenerative effects. Studies of hepatic IRI along with animal liver allograft models have demonstrated that EVs isolated from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, immature dendritic cells, and hepatocytes can reduce graft injury through mechanisms including enhancement of mitochondrial autophagy, inhibition of immune response, and promotion of tissue regeneration. These preclinical models may soon move translationally into clinical practice, necessitating the generation of robust methods to generate clinical-grade EVs. These methods must address issues of reproducibility and ability to scale up the tolerogenic cell cultivation, EV isolation, and EV characterization. Once generated, the efficient delivery of EVs to the donor organ prior to transplantation remains an issue that could be resolved through the novel organ storage method ex vivo machine perfusion (EVMP). In this review, we summarize studies that have used tolerogenic cell-derived EVs to ameliorate hepatic IRI and promote liver allograft acceptance, discuss the steps toward generation of clinical-grade EVs, and introduce EVMP as a novel method to efficiently deliver EVs.
LncRNAs Stand as Potent Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Stroke (2020)

Stroke is a major public health problem worldwide with a high burden of neurological disability and mortality. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have attracted much attention in the past decades because of their newly discovered roles in pathophysiological processes in many diseases. The abundance of lncRNAs in the nervous system indicates that they may be part of a complex regulatory network governing physiology and pathology of the brain. In particular, lncRNAs have been shown to play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of stroke. In this article, we provide a review of the multifaceted functions of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of ischemic stroke and intracerebral hemorrhage, highlighting their promising use as stroke diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutics. To this end, we discuss the potential of stem cells in aiding lncRNA applications in stroke.
Supplemental Table 3 from The Genomic Landscape of Intrinsic and Acquired Resistance to Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Patients with Hormone Receptor–Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 3&lt;/p&gt;
MEMS device technology (2005)

Presents an abstract for the session paper for the above titled paper.
Novel [2+2+1] Cyclotrimerization of Alkynes Mediated by Bidentate Cyclopentadienyl-Phosphine Ruthenium Complexes (2003)

A remarkable change in reactivity of ruthenium cyclopentadienyl phosphine complexes toward alkynes HC⋮CR‘ (R‘ = Ph, C6H9, p-C6H4Me, p-C6H4OMe, ferrocenyl (Fc)) has been observed when the phosphine ligand is tethered onto the Cp ring via a two-carbon linker. That is, we contrast [RuCp(PR3)(CH3CN)2]PF6, dealt with before, with the bidentate cyclopentadienyl-phosphine complex [Ru(η5-C5H4CH2CH2-κ1P-PPh2)(CH3CN)2]PF6. While a metallacyclopentatriene complex (C) generated via oxidative coupling of two alkynes is a common first key intermediate, the onward reaction of C differs greatly. If the phosphine is tethered, a third alkyne molecule can be accommodated, resulting finally in an unusual C−C coupling process involving three alkynes and the tethered phosphine to give the cycloaddition product [Ru(η5-C5H4CH2CH2PH2-κ1C-CH-η4-C5H5)]+. According to DFT/B3LYP calculations this intriguing [2+2+1] alkyne cyclotrimerization proceeds via Ru−P bond dissociation, phosphine attack at the coordinated acetylene to yield a 1-metallacyclopropene, carbene vinyl insertion, and olefin vinyl insertion. On the other hand, for HC⋮CR‘ (R‘ = COOMe, COOEt, COMe) a [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization is favored. In sharp contrast, if the phosphine in C is simply unidentate, alkyne attack is prohibited, with alternative internal rearrangements taking place involving phosphine migration or 1,2-hydrogen shift. In these terms tethering may be considered as amounting to a delayed phosphine migration. Thus, the phosphine ligand in ruthenium chemistry is not necessarily just a spectator ligand but can switch over to an actor ligand.
Conversion of nitrous oxide to nitrogen by cobalt-substituted myoglobin (2015)

Turning myoglobin into a nitrous oxide reductase.
In vivo treatment with progestogens causes immunosuppression of carp Cyprinus carpio leucocytes by affecting nitric oxide production and arginase activity (2011)

In this study, carp Cyprinus carpio were injected with various steroid compounds, including synthetic and natural progestogens and the glucocorticoid cortisol, to investigate effects on leucocytes isolated from their kidneys. Injection of cortisol led to an increased spleeno-somatic index (I(S)) on day 21 post-injection (pi) and immunosuppressive effects measured as decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased arginase activity in isolated leucocytes on days 14 and 21 pi, respectively. Moreover, reduced NO production was also observed after injection of the synthetic progestogens, levonorgestrel (LEV) and medroxyprogesterone acetate. In addition, LEV influenced arginase activity in head kidney cells on day 14 and day 21 pi. This study is the first demonstration in fishes that the application of these steroid compounds in vivo affects NO production and arginase activity of isolated leucocytes.
Dependence of local electronic structure in p-type GaN on crystal polarity and presence of inversion domain boundaries (2006)

Scanning probe techniques including scanning capacitance microscopy, scanning capacitance spectroscopy, scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, and atomic force microscopy have been used to assess structure and local electronic properties of Ga-face and N-face p-type GaN and of inversion domain boundaries in p-type GaN. Epitaxial layers of p-type GaN were grown by molecular-beam epitaxy, and by adjustment of the Ga:N flux ratio samples containing both Ga-face and N-face material were obtained. Under identical growth conditions, net incorporation of electrically active Mg acceptors was found to be more efficient for material with Ga-face polarity. Only a very small dependence of surface potential on polarity was observed, in contrast to results reported for n-type GaN, in which a substantial dependence of Schottky barrier height on polarity has been found. In addition, elevated net concentrations of ionized Mg acceptors were observed in Ga-face regions in the immediate vicinity of some, but not all, inversion domain boundaries, consistent with theoretical suggestions that incorporation of high concentrations of Mg within an inversion domain boundary can lead to increased concentrations of Mg acceptors near the inversion domain boundary.
Editorial: γδ T Cells in Cancer (2020)

Copyright © 2020 Coffelt, Kabelitz, Silva-Santos, Kuball, Born and Bank. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Retinal Microvascular Signs and Risk of Stroke (2012)

Narrower retinal arteriolar caliber and retinopathy in nondiabetic persons were associated with increased risk of stroke in this relatively healthy multiethnic cohort independent of traditional risk factors and measures of atherosclerosis. The association between narrower retinal arteriolar caliber and stroke warrants further investigation.
Monolithic Fiber Optic Video Signal Transmission Module (1986)

Fiber optic transmission systems have been applied over a variety of areas, but fiber optic video signal transmission systems are not so spread as fiber optic data transmission systems.
Finding Minimum Spanning Trees (1976)

This paper studies methods for finding minimum spanning trees in graphs. Results include 1. several algorithms with $O(m\log \log n)$ worst-case running times, where n is the number vertices and m is the number of edges in the problem graph; 2. an $O(m)$ worst-case algorithm for dense graphs (those for which m is $\Omega (n^{1 + \varepsilon } )$ for some positive constant $\varepsilon $); 3. an $O(n)$ worst-case algorithm for planar graphs; 4. relationships with other problems which might lead general lower bound for the complexity of the minimum spanning tree problem.
From images to sentences via spatial relations (2003)

This work presents a conceptual framework for representing, manipulating, measuring, and communicating in natural language several ideas about topological (non-metric) spatial locations, object spatial contexts, and user expectations of spatial relationships. It articulates a theory of spatial relations, how they can be represented as fuzzy predicates internally, and how they can be appropriately derived from, imagery; then, how they can be augmented or filtered using prior knowledge, and lastly, how they can produce natural language statements about location and space. This framework quantifies the notions of context and vagueness, so that all spatial relations are measurably accurate, provably efficient, and matched to users' expectations. The work makes explicit two critical heuristics for reducing the complexity of the relationships implicit in imagery, one a general rule for single object descriptions, and the other a general rule for rank ordering object relationships. A derived working system combines variable aspects of computer science and linguistics in such a way so as to be extensible to many environments. The system has been demonstrated both in, a landmark navigation task and in a medical task, two very separate domains, and has been evaluated in both.
Curvature Elasticity‐Driven Leaflet Asymmetry and Interleaflet Raft Coupling in Supported Membranes (2018)

Abstract Membrane curvature is closely associated with spatial distribution of lipids and curvature can influence the formation of lipid rafts in biological membranes. However, it is still unclear how the curvature elasticity plays a role on the asymmetric distribution of lipids across the membrane leaflets, especially, during the process of the raft domain growth. Using supported lipid membranes on wedge‐shaped substrates with alternating positive and negative curvatures, curvature‐mediated asymmetry of lipid raft domains is observed across the membrane leaflets accompanied by glycolipid receptor (GM 1 and GT 1 b) localization. The raft domains initially appear only in a membrane leaflet possessing negative curvatures. In the presence of the interleaflet coupling, they evolve to generate the transverse registry across the membrane bilayer. It is shown that a human recombinant antibody rHIgM12 is co‐localized with the rafts formed at the peaks and valleys of the wedge substrate, indicating that the spatial distribution of its receptor (GT 1 b) is indeed manifested by the site‐specific formation of asymmetric raft domains through the curvature elasticity. The platform can be used to explore the mechanism for the leaflet asymmetry and lipid sorting in terms of the membrane curvature, the composition, and the receptor presentation.
Molecular Weight, Osmotic Second Virial Coefficient, and Extinction Coefficient of Colloidal CdSe Nanocrystals (2002)

Membrane osmometry is used to measure osmotic pressures of dilute solutions containing quasispherical CdSe nanocrystals covered with polymer brushes in toluene in the range 31−45 °C. Osmotic-pressure data, as a function of nanocrystal concentration, yield the molecular weight and the osmotic second virial coefficient of the nanocrystals; the latter is related to the potential of mean force between two nanocrystal particles in dilute solution. Coupled with molecular-weight data, extinction coefficients and oscillator strengths are also obtained for nanocrystals of various sizes in toluene. CdSe nanocrystal sizes were obtained either from transmission electron microscopy or from correlations between the wavelength of the absorbing peak and nanocrystal size. Osmotic-pressure data are reduced with a simple perturbed-hard-sphere equation of state; the perturbation is due to long-range (London dispersion) attraction and a short-range interaction potential. The only adjustable parameter, the strength of this short-range potential, shows two-body repulsion or attraction, depending on the sample and on solution conditions.
Crystallization resistance of barium titanate zirconate ultrathin films from aqueous CSD: a study of cause and effect (2009)

Ultrathin BaZr0.8Ti0.2O3 films (t < 30 nm) on SiOx/Si substrates were obtained by means of aqueous chemical solution deposition (CSD). Though the precursor crystallized into cubic perovskite powder at 600 °C, ultrathin films only crystallized at 950 to 1000 °C, even after addition of excess Ba to compensate for loss of Ba. Films with thickness above 100 nm, on the other hand, crystallized readily around 650 °C. The crystallization is related to film thickness, affecting the crystallization activation energy, and to silicate formation by reaction with the substrate, exerting its largest influence in ultrathin films. Barium deficiency, silicate formation, carbonate secondary phase and the high activation energy for crystallization resulted in the amorphous nature of the ultrathin films, which strongly affects the observed k value (∼ 15). The paper contributes insights with implications for the application of BaZr0.8Ti0.2O3 as an alternative high-k gate dielectric.
ChemInform Abstract: Brain Inflammation in Alzheimer Disease and the Therapeutic Implications (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Enhanced cellular uptake of size-separated lipophilic silicon nanoparticles (2017)

Specific size, shape and surface chemistry influence the biological activity of nanoparticles. In the case of lipophilic nanoparticles, which are widely used in consumer products, there is evidence that particle size and formulation influences skin permeability and that lipophilic particles smaller than 6 nm can embed in lipid bilayers. Since most nanoparticle synthetic procedures result in mixtures of different particles, post-synthetic purification promises to provide insights into nanostructure-function relationships. Here we used size-selective precipitation to separate lipophilic allyl-benzyl-capped silicon nanoparticles into monodisperse fractions within the range of 1 nm to 5 nm. We measured liposomal encapsulation and cellular uptake of the monodisperse particles and found them to have generally low cytotoxicities in Hela cells. However, specific fractions showed reproducibly higher cytotoxicity than other fractions as well as the unseparated ensemble. Measurements indicate that the cytotoxicity mechanism involves oxidative stress and the differential cytotoxicity is due to enhanced cellular uptake by specific fractions. The results indicate that specific particles, with enhanced suitability for incorporation into lipophilic regions of liposomes and subsequent in vitro delivery to cells, are enriched in certain fractions.
Prevention of Whitefly Entry from a Greenhouse Entrance by Furnishing an Airflow-Oriented Pre-Entrance Room Guarded with Electric Field Screens (2014)

Two types of an electric field screen were used to exclude whiteflies from a greenhouse. Singly charged dipolar electric field screen had insulated conductor iron wires arrayed in parallel (ICW-layer), two earthed metal nets on both sides of the ICW-layer, and a direct current voltage generator. Screens were attached to the lateral windows of the greenhouse to repel whiteflies that approached the nets. To electrostatically guard the greenhouse entrance, doubly charged dipolar electric field screens (DD-screens) were used to capture whiteflies entering through the door. The ICWs, oppositely charged with equal voltages, were arrayed one after the other, and an insulator board or net was placed on one side of the ICW-layer. ICWs captured whiteflies entering an electric field of DD-screens. A small pre-entrance room was constructed at the entrance area, and three DD-screens (with yellow and gray board or gray net) were installed in the pre-entrance room taking into consideration the airflow inside the room, as most whiteflies were brought in by the air when the door was opened. Two DD-screens with the board were useful for directing the wind toward the wall into which the netted DD-screen was integrated. Insects were eliminated by this screen, and the pest-free air was circulated inside the greenhouse. The yellow-boarded DD-screen was highly attractive because of the photo-selective movement of the whiteflies and was effective for trapping the whiteflies when there was no wind. Our electrostatic method is effective at keeping the greenhouse pest-free throughout the entire period of tomato cultivation.
Strategic Insights: The Mysterious Case of the Vanishing Taliban (2016)

Terrorism and society/Racial and ethnic relations; Terrorism and society/Social and cultural policies; Politics and government/International relations
Sensitivity of oral bacteria to 254 nm ultraviolet light (2006)

The application of UV light to eliminate endodontic pathogens may be possible. Nevertheless, its absorbance by outer layers of bacteria should be considered and the UV light dose adapted accordingly.