gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uplink power efficiency of multiuser MIMO with very large antenna arrays (2011)

A multiplicity of autonomous terminals simultaneously transmits data streams to a compact array of antennas. The array uses imperfect channel-state information derived from transmitted pilots to extract the individual data streams. The power radiated by the terminals can be made inversely proportional to the square-root of the number of base station antennas with no reduction in performance. In contrast if perfect channel-state information were available the power could be made inversely proportional to the number of antennas. A maximum-ratio combining receiver normally performs worse than a zero-forcing receiver. However as power levels are reduced, the cross-talk introduced by the inferior maximum-ratio receiver eventually falls below the noise level and this simple receiver becomes a viable option.
In silico mouse model of infection and immunity (2020)

Abstract An organism’s immune system tries to protect it by identifying the presence of pathogens and attempting to eliminate them. The defense is twofold: innate immune cells mobilize rapidly, while acquired immune cells slowly develop into pathogen-killing specialists. These responses incur collateral tissue damage, which anti-inflammatory mediators seek to control. This system of checks and balances is responsible for host survival. Experimental research has demonstrated how vastly complex these interactions are, indicating a place for theoretical and computational study. In this work we develop a comprehensive differential equation model of the immune system by considering interactions between immune system components in the presence of pathogen or tissue trauma. Through this step-by-step construction we explore the dependence of the anti-inflammatory mediators on pathogen levels, and also how they temper the immune response at the end of infection. We then challenge the “virtual mouse” with typical pathogens of varying virulence and observe the outcomes via model simulation. We find that anti-inflammation can downregulate the activation and proliferation of immune cells or promote apoptosis as cessation mechanisms, suggesting the need for in vivo experiments. Bifurcation theory describes how the outcomes of infection depend on model parameters, from which we conclude that initial insult and pathogen growth rate allow us to predict whether or not the in silico mouse overcomes the disease in a deterministic framework.
Implantation (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Strength Analysis of Unidirectional Composites to Explain Fiber Bundle Splitting (2017)

This paper proposes a 0º tensile strength prediction model for unidirectional composites with a low interfacial strength or low matrix yield stress by investigating carbon fiber reinforced polypropylene. First, a critical cluster dimension in the presence of splitting is formulated using the principles of fracture mechanics. Based on the geometry of fiber packing, a relation between the rate of fiber breakage and the probability distribution of the cluster dimension is then derived. Lastly, the assumption that the cross-sectional area separated by splitting sustains no load is used as a discounting factor to reduce the tensile stress in the unidirectional composites; a stress–strain curve of the composites can then be predicted. The discounting factor is calculated by comparing the probability distribution for the cluster dimensions estimated from the rate of fiber breakage with that of the critical cluster dimension, both of which are functions of fiber stress. When the interfacial toughness related to the critical cluster dimension is estimated from the single-fiber pull-out test and substituted into this model, the predicted tensile strengths are in good agreement with the experimental results.
Reaction to intrathecal iohexol. (1991)

Reaction to intrathecal iohexol.M D Stanley and J E HullAudio Available | Share
Laser demonstration of Yb/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (YbAG) and materials properties of highly doped Yb:YAG (2001)

We have demonstrated the first stoichiometric Yb/sup 3+/ laser based on Yb/sub 3/A/sub 5/O/sub 12/ (YbAG). The laser operated in pulsed mode with a highest possible duty cycle of 85%. A slope efficiency of 27%, with respect to absorbed energy, was measured and the free-running lasing wavelength was 1048 nm for a 10% duty cycle. In a systematic analysis, measurements of spectroscopic and materials properties of (Yb/sub x/Y/sub 1-x/)/sub 3/Al/sub 5/O/sub 12/ for nominal x values of 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.18, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 are reported. We also present a formalism to calculate the intrinsic fluorescence quantum efficiency (free of radiation trapping) and the fraction of reabsorbed light, based on measurements of the bulk and intrinsic emission lifetimes and the fractional thermal loading. Our best YbAG sample has an intrinsic lifetime of 0.664 ms at 94% quantum efficiency and a thermal conductivity at room temperature of 0.072 W/(cm-K).
Epistemic possibility in a Slavonic parallel corpus: a pilot study (2005)

In this paper we engage on an exploratory study of epistemic possibility in the Slavonic languages. We compare auxiliary and adverb strategies found in the Slavonic translations of a Harry Potter book both with the original and with each other. We find there to be big frequency differences and we speculate about the relevance of
Time-resolved photoluminescence study on AlxGa1−xAs spontaneous vertical quantum well structures (1996)

We report on time-resolved photoluminescence study of AlxGa1−xAs spontaneous vertical quantum well (SVQW) structures on GaAs V-grooved substrates. Four distinct photoluminescence peaks are observed originating from the spatial nonuniformity of the alloy compositions spontaneously formed during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial growth. The decay time of the (111)A sidewall AlGaAs decreased with increasing temperature, while that of the SVQW increased. The rise time of the SVQW was found to be longer than the typical value of the exciton formation and increases with increasing temperature, indicating that the exciton formation is not limiting factor of the rise time. These results are explained in terms of the exciton diffusion toward the SVQW from the outer AlGaAs layers with less Ga compositions. In addition, two dimensionality of the SVQW was evidenced by temperature dependence of the radiative lifetime.
Predicting improvement of work ability in modalities of short‐ and long‐term psychotherapy: The differential impact of reflective ability and other aspects of patient suitability (2021)

Patients' psychological suitability for psychotherapy has a different impact on work ability in different therapy modalities and durations.
Toward a General Logicist Methodology for Engineering Ethically Correct Robots (2006)

It's hard to deny that robots will become increasingly capable and that humans will increasingly exploit these capabilities by deploying them in ethically sensitive environments, such as hospitals, where ethically incorrect robot behavior could have dire consequences for humans. How can we ensure that such robots will always behave in an ethically correct manner? How can we know ahead of time, via rationales expressed clearly in natural language, that their behavior will be constrained specifically by the ethical codes selected by human overseers? In general, one approach is to insist that robots only perform actions that can be proved ethically permissible in a human-selected deontic logic--that is, a logic that formalizes an ethical code. Ethicists themselves work by rendering ethical theories and dilemmas in declarative form and reasoning over this information using informal and formal logic. The authors describe a logicist methodology in general terms, free of any commitment to particular systems, and show it solving a challenge regarding robot behavior in an intensive care unit.This article is part of a special issue on Machine Ethics.
Detection of Pathogens with Impedance Analysis in a Lab on a Chip (2011)

In this work, we demonstrate an impedance approach to detect pathogens bound to magnetic beads. The approach was demonstrated with C-Albicans. We show that when an appropriate frequency is applied to two electrodes present in a microfluidic channel the impedance change in the detection volume can be used to distinguish between unbound beads and beads bound to pathogens. Furthermore, we present a model to relate measured impedance changes to an effective particle diameter.
Isolation and characterization of adhesin-defective TnphoA mutants of septicaemic porcine Escherichia coli of serotype O115:K--: F165 (1992)

Non-enterotoxigenic porcine Escherichia coli strains belonging to the serogroup O115 have been associated with septicaemia and diarrhoea. Putative factors important in the pathogenicity of E. coli of serogroup O115 include fimbrial antigen F165, haemagglutination (MRHA), lipopolysaccharide, serum resistance, capsule and production of aerobactin. Using TnphoA transposon insertion mutagenesis, two classes of mutants were obtained from E. coli of serotype O115:F165 with respect to the phenotypic expression of fimbrial antigen F165 and MRHA of sheep erythrocytes: class I, F165-MRHA-, serum resistant; class II, F165+MRHA-, serum resistant. In a chicken lethality model, class I mutants were either virulent or of intermediate virulence, while class II mutants were of intermediate virulence. Alkaline phosphatase activity of class I and class II TnphoA mutants showed similar environmental regulation to that of fimbrial antigen F165. Moreover, class I and class II mutants were mutated in the prs-like locus, and lacked a 18.5 kDa and/or a 17.5 kDa fimbrial band.
An efficient Ag-nanoparticle embedded semi-IPN hydrogel for catalytic applications (2014)

Silver nanoparticle embedded semi-IPN hydrogels based on a combination of poly(acrylamide) and poly(aspartic acid) for catalytic application.
Scanned (2016)

Ad Libitum5 April 2016ScannedStanley Cohen, MDStanley Cohen, MDFrom Atlanta, Georgia.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/M15-2107 Audio Reading - “Scanned” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Scanned," by S. Cohen. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail You see, I wear readers now,(sometimes) to scan through denserecords that list your everymedication, whether they oftensat in the cupboard or actuallywere taken, though I don't need themto magnify the horrors your life'sbeen, and the scars you bare.You sit patiently on the almostburgundy padding, waiting forthe freezing bell on your chest,the tubes connecting directlyto my ear, though I listen mostlyto hear your humanity, and mydull fingers do little more thanfeel edges and ripening melons.probes ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: From Atlanta, Georgia.Current Author Address: Stanley Cohen, MD, Children's Center for Digestive Health Care, 993D Johnson Ferry Road, #440, Atlanta, GA 30342; e-mail, [email protected]rkids.com. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement Audio Reading - “Scanned” Audio. Michael A. LaCombe, MD, Annals Associate Editor, reads "Scanned," by S. Cohen. Your browser does not support the audio element. Audio player progress bar Step backward in current audio track Play current audio trackPause current audio track Step forward in current audio track Mute current audio trackUnmute current audio track 00:00/ FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 5 April 2016Volume 164, Issue 7Page: 502KeywordsBacteriaChild healthChildrenHealth careLiverScarsThorax ePublished: 5 April 2016 Issue Published: 5 April 2016 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2016 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus can enter the central nervous system and induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration (2009)

One of the greatest influenza pandemic threats at this time is posed by the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses. To date, 61% of the 433 known human cases of H5N1 infection have proved fatal. Animals infected by H5N1 viruses have demonstrated acute neurological signs ranging from mild encephalitis to motor disturbances to coma. However, no studies have examined the longer-term neurologic consequences of H5N1 infection among surviving hosts. Using the C57BL/6J mouse, a mouse strain that can be infected by the A/Vietnam/1203/04 H5N1 virus without adaptation, we show that this virus travels from the peripheral nervous system into the CNS to higher levels of the neuroaxis. In regions infected by H5N1 virus, we observe activation of microglia and alpha-synuclein phosphorylation and aggregation that persists long after resolution of the infection. We also observe a significant loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta 60 days after infection. Our results suggest that a pandemic H5N1 pathogen, or other neurotropic influenza virus, could initiate CNS disorders of protein aggregation including Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases.
Synthesis and biological activity of analogs of the antifungal antibiotic UK‐2A. II. Impact of modifications to the macrocycle benzyl position (2019)

Substitution of the isobutyryl ester group of UK-2A generates analogs that retain strong antifungal activity against Z. tritici and other fungi. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Translating the Manufacture of Immunotherapeutic PLGA Nanoparticles from Lab to Industrial Scale: Process Transfer and In Vitro Testing (2022)

Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems are known to offer a plethora of potential therapeutic benefits. However, challenges related to large-scale manufacturing, such as the difficulty of reproducing complex formulations and high manufacturing costs, hinder their clinical and commercial development. In this context, a reliable manufacturing technique suitable for the scale-up production of nanoformulations without altering efficacy and safety profiles is highly needed. In this paper, we develop an inline sonication process and adapt it to the industrial scale production of immunomodulating PLGA nanovaccines developed using a batch sonication method at the laboratory scale. The investigated formulations contain three distinct synthetic peptides derived from the carcinogenic antigen New York Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) together with an invariant natural killer T-cell (iNKT) activator, threitolceramide-6 (IMM60). Process parameters were optimized to obtain polymeric nanovaccine formulations with a mean diameter of 150 ± 50 nm and a polydispersity index <0.2. Formulation characteristics, including encapsulation efficiencies, release profiles and in vitro functional and toxicological profiles, are assessed and statistically compared for each formulation. Overall, scale-up formulations obtained by inline sonication method could replicate the colloidal and functional properties of the nanovaccines developed using batch sonication at the laboratory scale. Both types of formulations induced specific T-cell and iNKT cell responses in vitro without any toxicity, highlighting the suitability of the inline sonication method for the continuous scale-up of nanomedicine formulations in terms of efficacy and safety.
Performance of a selective surfaced water wall retrofit (1980)

The results of a successful passive water wall design and implementation in a suburban central New Jersey home are presented. The unique aspects of this work include the use of a selective surface coating on the exterior face of the thermal mass, the use of low-cost materials, and detailed performance measurements of the wall and home. The overall approach was to evaluate the retrofit possibilities of such a passive solar addition. Material costs of approximately $650 make this water wall design an attractive candidate for the do-it-yourself home retrofit. The wall performed well in supplying almost 20% of the winter heating requrements for the entire house. Compared to night insulation, the selective surface proved to be slightly less effective but much more economical.
VoxLens: Making Online Data Visualizations Accessible with an Interactive JavaScript Plug-In (2022)

JavaScript visualization libraries are widely used to create online data visualizations but provide limited access to their information for screen-reader users. Building on prior findings about the experiences of screen-reader users with online data visualizations, we present VoxLens, an open-source JavaScript plug-in that—with a single line of code—improves the accessibility of online data visualizations for screen-reader users using a multi-modal approach. Specifically, VoxLens enables screen-reader users to obtain a holistic summary of presented information, play sonified versions of the data, and interact with visualizations in a “drill-down” manner using voice-activated commands. Through task-based experiments with 21 screen-reader users, we show that VoxLens improves the accuracy of information extraction and interaction time by 122% and 36%, respectively, over existing conventional interaction with online data visualizations. Our interviews with screen-reader users suggest that VoxLens is a “game-changer” in making online data visualizations accessible to screen-reader users, saving them time and effort.
Membrane loop process for separating carbon dioxide for use in gaseous form from flue gas (2023)

The invention is a process involving membrane-based gas separation for separating and recovering carbon dioxide emissions from combustion processes in partially concentrated form, and then transporting the carbon dioxide and using or storing it in a confined manner without concentrating it to high purity. The process of the invention involves building up the concentration of carbon dioxide in a gas flow loop between the combustion step and a membrane separation step. A portion of the carbon dioxide-enriched gas can then be withdrawn from this loop and transported, without the need to liquefy the gas or otherwise create a high-purity stream, to a destination where it is used or confined, preferably in an environmentally benign manner.
Synthese von ZNS‐Wirkstoffen: Pyran‐, thiopyran‐ und piperidinanellierte Oxa‐carbabenzomorphane (1988)

Abstract Tetrahydro‐3‐pyranon ( 13a ) und ‐thiopyranon ( 13b ) setzen sich mit Salicylidenaceton ( 1a ) und NaH in DMSO zu pyran‐ bzw. thiopyranellierten Oxaanalogen von Carbabenzomorphanen um: 13a reagiert regioselektiv in 4‐Stellung zu den B/C‐trans‐ und cis‐Derivaten 10 und 12, 13b reagiert in 2‐ und 4‐Stellung, wobei die Regioisomere 14a und 16a bzw. 17a und 19 entstehen. Reaktion des Enamins 20 mit dem Salicylidenacetanonderivat 1b führt über das Octahydroisochinolinderivat 21 zum piperidinanellierten Oxa‐carbabenzomorphan 22 .
Generalized analysis of coupled lines in multilayer microwave MCM-D technology-application: integrated coplanar Lange couplers (1999)

In this paper, the design and realization of coplanar Lange couplers integrated in a multilayer thin-film multichip module deposition (MCM-D) technology is discussed. The MCM-D technology has been well established for the interconnection of high-speed digital circuits, and is now being recognized to be very useful for the integration and interconnection of microwave components. In this way, passive structures, such as spiral inductors, filters, and couplers, may be realized efficiently and more cost effective in MCM-D compared to monolithic microwave integrated circuits. The presented coplanar Lange couplers have been designed using an equivalent coupled-line model. A general and computationally efficient method for the determination of the required modal characteristic impedances and the related geometrical parameters in a microwave multilayer coupled-line topology is presented. Also, a way to calculate the optimum coupled line length is given. Using the described method, coplanar Lange couplers have been realized and then measured. Comparison between the measurement results and HP Momentum simulations show good agreement and indicate the feasibility of designing and integrating such components in MCM-D.
Reconfigurable Near-Infrared Optical Filter With a (2005)

We have fabricated and characterized a microme- chanical Fresnel lens that serves as a reconfigurable filter for near-infrared spectrometry, for the analysis of gas, liquids, or solids. The lens consists of silicon segments that can be individually actuated. Moving the segments vertically controls the spectrum of the light that is focused on a detector. The holographic pattern on top of the segments permits both focusing of the light and spec- tral control. We have demonstrated experimentally the desired spectral control of the filter. Index Terms—Focusing, gratings, microelectromechanical de- vices, optical diffraction, optical filters, spectroscopy.
Trust in Consumer Electronics (2009)

While Trusted Computing is getting increasing attention in the PC world, consumer electronics devices have limited benefit from the Trusted Computing solutions currently under development. In this paper we outline the different requirements of consumer electronics devices, when compared to the PC world, and point out the technical consequences for standards like the Trusted Computing Group. In addition, we will touch on economic aspects that may inhibit or support Trusted Computing in this domain.