gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of P-450 omega-hydroxylase metabolites of arachidonic acid on tubuloglomerular feedback (1994)

The role of endogenous P-450 metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA) on the tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) response was examined. Under control conditions stop-flow pressure (SFP) fell by 17.0 +/- 2.1 mmHg when the perfusion rate of the loop of Henle was increased from 0 to 50 nl/min. Addition of AA (50 microM) to the perfusate lowered basal SFP by 11.4 +/- 1.1 mmHg and potentiated the TGF response. This effect was blocked by addition of a P-450 inhibitor, 17-octadecynoic acid (17-ODYA) (10 microM), to the perfusate. Perfusion of the loop of Henle with 17-ODYA elevated basal SFP by 3.7 +/- 0.3 mmHg and reduced the TGF response by 80%. After blockade of endogenous P-450 activity with 17-ODYA, addition of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE, 10 microM) to the perfusate produced a flow rate-dependent fall in SFP. The effect of 20-HETE was not altered by pretreating the animal with meclofenamate (2 mg/kg iv) or by perfusing the nephron segment with furosemide (50 microM). These results indicate that endogenous P-450 metabolites of AA, particularly 20-HETE, may play a role in TGF and the regulation of renal vascular tone.
Novel all-optical networks (2004)

In the 10-year horizon, all-optical core and edge networks may take evolutionary or revolutionary paths towards higher capacity, reconfigurability, and flexibility. These future scenarios include packet and burst switching. This tutorial will explore some of the key approaches and technical challenges that are being pursued to herald in future optical networks.Full-text article is not available.
Microfluidic electrochemical cell for in situ structural characterization of amorphous thin-film catalysts using high-energy X-ray scattering (2019)

Porous, high-surface-area electrode architectures are described that allow structural characterization of interfacial amorphous thin films with high spatial resolution under device-relevant functional electrochemical conditions using high-energy X-ray (>50 keV) scattering and pair distribution function (PDF) analysis. Porous electrodes were fabricated from glass-capillary array membranes coated with conformal transparent conductive oxide layers, consisting of either a 40 nm-50 nm crystalline indium tin oxide or a 100 nm-150 nm-thick amorphous indium zinc oxide deposited by atomic layer deposition. These porous electrodes solve the problem of insufficient interaction volumes for catalyst thin films in two-dimensional working electrode designs and provide sufficiently low scattering backgrounds to enable high-resolution signal collection from interfacial thin-film catalysts. For example, PDF measurements were readily obtained with 0.2 Å spatial resolution for amorphous cobalt oxide films with thicknesses down to 60 nm when deposited on a porous electrode with 40 µm-diameter pores. This level of resolution resolves the cobaltate domain size and structure, the presence of defect sites assigned to the domain edges, and the changes in fine structure upon redox state change that are relevant to quantitative structure-function modeling. The results suggest the opportunity to leverage the porous, electrode architectures for PDF analysis of nanometre-scale surface-supported molecular catalysts. In addition, a compact 3D-printed electrochemical cell in a three-electrode configuration is described which is designed to allow for simultaneous X-ray transmission and electrolyte flow through the porous working electrode.
Expression of Lyt-1 antigen on certain murine B cell lymphomas. (1981)

Although the Lyt-1 antigen has previously been considered a T cell-specific marker, recent evidence suggests that a population of Thy-1-, Lyt-1+ cells exists in normal lymphoid tissues. In this study, we have observed that the WEHI-55, WEHI-259, and CH5 B cell lymphomas express high levels of the Lyt-1 antigen, as detected by monoclonal antibodies using the fluorescence activated cell sorter. Three other B cell lymphomas of the 11 examined also gave weak but detectable reactions with the anti Lyt-1 monoclonal antibody. Except for the expression of the Lyt-1 antigen, these lymphomas are typical of cells in the B cell lineage with respect to surface phenotype. The Lyt-1 glycoprotein immunoprecipitated from metabolically labeled WEHI-55 cells is similar in structure to the Lyt-1 glycoprotein on thymocytes. These findings are similar to recent reports that B-type human lymphocytic leukemia cells express the putative human homologue of Lyt-1, the Leu-1 antigen.
Personality traits, cardiac risk factors, and their association with presence and severity of coronary artery plaque in people with no history of cardiovascular disease (2014)

The present data confirm the core role of traditional risk factors and suggest the primacy of social inhibition and anger personality traits in association with CAP presence and severity.
Synthesis, Osteoblast, and Osteoclast Viability of Amorphous and Crystalline Tri-Magnesium Phosphate (2014)

Magnesium phosphate implants may be used for bone void filling applications, potentially replacing traditionally studied bioceramics, which suffer from limited resorption and inferior mechanical properties compared to natural bone. In this study, amorphous and crystalline trimagnesium phosphates were synthesized and characterized utilizing a variety of analytical methods. In vitro solubility and cytotoxicity of the corresponding amorphous and crystalline phosphates were also analyzed. Amorphous magnesium phosphate was shown to be more soluble than the crystalline counterpart in vitro while inducing mineralization of an amorphous phosphate phase mimicking hydroxyapatite-type characteristic morphology on the substrate surface. The rapid mineralization of the amorphous magnesium phosphate was found to promote the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast-like cells in comparison to the crystalline phase. Both magnesium phosphates hindered the differentiation of monocytes into osteoclasts. The combined effects of the spontaneous serum-mediated apatite-like mineralization, increased osteoblast differentiation and suspended osteoclast formation indicate that the amorphous magnesium phosphates may be promising bioactive materials for bone void repair applications.
Experimental Quantification of Implementation Penalties from Limited ADC Resolution for Nyquist Shaped Higher-Order QAM (2016)

We experimentally characterize implementation penalties due to a limited effective number of bits (ENOB) of the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for Nyquist shaped 16-, 64-, and 256-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM).
Investigation of miR-21, miR-141, and miR-221 expression levels in prostate adenocarcinoma for associated risk of recurrence after radical prostatectomy (2014)

Based on this small pilot study, men with localized prostate cancers with lower miR-221 expression may have a greater risk for recurrence after surgery.
(Invited) Influence of Current and Potential Distributions on The Impedance Response of a Rotating Disk Electrode (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Multifunctional Hybrid Carbon Nanotube/Carbon Fiber Polymer Composites (2016)

For aircraft primary structures, carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites possess many advantages over conventional aluminum alloys due to their light weight, higher strengthand stiffness-to-weight ratio, and low life-cycle maintenance costs. However, the relatively low electrical and thermal conductivities of CFRP composites fail to provide structural safety in certain operational conditions such as lightning strikes. Despite several attempts to solve these issues with the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNT) into polymer matrices, and/or by interleaving CNT sheets between conventional carbon fiber (CF) composite layers, there are still interfacial problems that exist between CNTs (or CF) and the resin. In this study, hybrid CNT/CF polymer composites were fabricated by interleaving layers of CNT sheets with Hexcel IM7/8852 prepreg. Resin concentrations from 1 wt% to 50 wt% were used to infuse the CNT sheets prior to composite fabrication. The interlaminar properties of the resulting hybrid composites were characterized by mode I and II fracture toughness testing (double cantilever beam and end-notched flexure test). Fractographical analysis was performed to study the effect of resin concentration. In addition, multi-directional physical properties like thermal conductivity of the orthotropic hybrid polymer composite were evaluated. Interleaving CNT sheets significantly improved the in-plane (axial and perpendicular direction of CF alignment) thermal conductivity of the hybrid composite laminates by 50 - 400%.
Feasibility of a Beta-Gamma Digital Imaging Probe for Radioguided Surgery (2004)

We report here on a novel design of a digital, intraoperative imaging probe intended for use in radio-guided surgical procedures in conjunction with radiolabels such as /sup 131/I and /sup 18/F. The probe allows the user to rapidly localize tumors by detecting the highly penetrating gamma rays, and then image the tumor with the short-range beta rays. The system provides a rapid, high-resolution, image of the interrogated area, fulfilling the need for clear delineation of tumors during radio-guided surgical procedures. The beta imaging sensor consists of a microcolumnar CsI(Tl) scintillator screen capable of providing very high detection efficiency, high light output and excellent spatial resolution coupled to a CCD via a flexible, coherent fiberoptic bundle. The gamma sensor is a shielded piece of crystalline CsI(Tl) coupled to a photodiode located behind the image sensitive front end. The feasibility of this design was studied by separately testing the beta imaging and gamma detection components. The operation of the components was characterized with intrinsic performance measurements of count rates, signal-to-noise ratios, spatial resolution, as well as time for acquiring useful images using radionuclide and anthropomorphic phantoms.
Explosive sensing with insect-based biorobots (2020)

ABSTRACT Stand-off chemical sensing is an important capability with applications in several domains including homeland security. Engineered devices for this task, popularly referred to as electronic noses, have limited capacity compared to the broad-spectrum abilities of the biological olfactory system. Therefore, we propose a hybrid bio-electronic solution that directly takes advantage of the rich repertoire of olfactory sensors and sophisticated neural computational framework available in an insect olfactory system. We show that select subsets of neurons in the locust ( Schistocerca americana ) brain were activated upon exposure to various explosive chemical species (such as DNT and TNT). Responses from an ensemble of neurons provided a unique, multivariate fingerprint that allowed discrimination of explosive vapors from non-explosive chemical species and from each other. Notably, target chemical recognition could be achieved within a few hundred milliseconds of exposure. Finally, we developed a minimally-invasive surgical approach and mobile multi-unit electrophysiological recording system to tap into the neural signals in a locust brain and realize a biorobotic explosive sensing system. In sum, our study provides the first demonstration of how biological olfactory systems (sensors and computations) can be hijacked to develop a cyborg chemical sensing approach. SUMMARY We demonstrate a bio-robotic chemical sensing approach where signals from an insect brain are directly utilized to detect and distinguish various explosive chemical vapors.
Exploiting Latent Attack Semantics for Intelligent Malware Detection (2017)

Behavioral malware detectors promise to expose previously unknown malware and are an important security primitive. However, even the best behavioral detectors suffer from high false positives and negatives. In this paper, we address the challenge of aggregating weak per-device behavioral detectors in noisy communities (i.e., ones that produce alerts at unpredictable rates) into an accurate and robust global anomaly detector (GD). Our system - Shape GD - combines two insights: Structural: actions such as visiting a website (waterhole attack) or membership in a shared email thread (phishing attack) by nodes correlate well with malware spread, and create dynamic neighborhoods of nodes that were exposed to the same attack vector; and Statistical: feature vectors corresponding to true and false positives of local detectors have markedly different conditional distributions. We use neighborhoods to amplify the transient low-dimensional structure that is latent in high-dimensional feature vectors - but neighborhoods vary unpredictably, and we use shape to extract robust neighborhood-level features that identify infected neighborhoods. Unlike prior works that aggregate local detectors' alert bitstreams or cluster the feature vectors, Shape GD analyzes the feature vectors that led to local alerts (alert-FVs) to separate true and false positives. Shape GD first filters these alert-FVs into neighborhoods and efficiently maps a neighborhood's alert-FVs' statistical shapes into a scalar score. Shape GD then acts as a neighborhood level anomaly detector - training on benign program traces to learn the ShapeScore of false positive neighborhoods, and classifying neighborhoods with anomalous ShapeScores as malicious. Shape GD detects malware early (~100 infected nodes in a ~100K node system for waterhole and ~10 of 1000 for phishing) and robustly (with ~100% global TP and ~1% global FP rates).
New Antifouling Silica Hydrogel (2012)

In this work, a new antifouling silica hydrogel was developed for potential biomedical applications. A zwitterionic polymer, poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (pCBMA), was produced via atom-transfer radical polymerization and was appended to the hydrogel network in a two-step acid-base-catalyzed sol-gel process. The pCBMA silica aerogels were obtained by drying the hydrogels under supercritical conditions using CO(2). To understand the effect of pCBMA on the gel structure, pCBMA silica aerogels with different pCBMA contents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and the surface area from Brauner-Emmet-Teller (BET) measurements. The antifouling property of pCBMA silica hydrogel to resist protein (fibrinogen) adsorption was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). SEM images revealed that the particle size and porosity of the silica network decreased at low pCBMA content and increased at above 33 wt % of the polymer. The presence of pCBMA increased the surface area of the material by 91% at a polymer content of 25 wt %. NMR results confirmed that pCBMA was incorporated completely into the silica structure at a polymer content below 20 wt %. A protein adsorption test revealed a reduction in fibrinogen adsorption by 83% at 25 wt % pCBMA content in the hydrogel compared to the fibrinogen adsorption in the unmodified silica hydrogel.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Antigen Shedding May Improve Efficiencies for Delivery of Antibody-Based Anticancer Agents in Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 343K, A schematic of RIT intracellular trafficking pathways&lt;/p&gt;
Front Matter: Volume 10822 (2018)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 10822 including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction, and Conference Committee listing.
Novel Frequency Domain Cyclic Prefix Autocorrelation Based Compressive Spectrum Sensing for Cognitive Radio (2016)

Cognitive radio (CR) has received increasing attention and is considered an important solution to the spectral crowding problem. The main idea behind CR technology is to utilize the unused spectral resources which are determined to be available for secondary user by effective spectrum sensing techniques. However, CR technology significantly depends on the spectrum sensing techniques which are applied to detect the presence of primary user (PU) signals. This paper focuses on detecting OFDM primaries using novel frequency-domain cyclic prefix (CP) autocorrelation based compressive spectrum sensing algorithms. To counteract the practical wireless channel effects, frequency domain approaches for PU signal detection are developed. The proposed spectrum sensing method eliminates the effects of both noise uncertainty and frequency selective channels. Using the frequency domain autocorrelation approach results in highly increased flexibility, facilitating robust wideband multi-mode, multi-channel sensing with low complexity. It also allows to sense weak PU signals which are partly overlapped by other strong PU or CR transmissions.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐(Bis(dicyclohexylphosphino)ethane)platinum(0) Reacts with Unactivated Carbon‐Hydrogen Bonds. (1987)

Abstract Thermal reductive elimination of neopentane from (I) in a variety of solvents produces the reactive intermediate (II) which reacts with C‐H bonds in saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons.
Polychromatic Decoupling of a Manifold of Homonuclear Scalar Interactions in Solution‐State NMR (2012)

Window-acquired tetrachromatic irradiation allows one to decouple simultaneously four amide protons in cyclosporine A (wavy arrows; see figure) leading to simplified multiplets of the alpha protons. By inserting a manifold of polychromatic pulses in each dwell time, several subsystems can be decoupled simultaneously.
Electrical properties of ferromagnetic Ag:CrO2 particles (2008)

A stable silver modified CrO2, i.e., Ag:CrO2 of nanocomposite particles was synthesized with a novel chemical method involving Cr 6+ , Ag + and NO3 - species in an aqueous solution. A single phase Ag:CrO2 of submicron size particles (~33 nm average crystallite size) of a Pnnm orthorhombic structure (lattice parameters a = 0.4405 nm, b = 0.4452 nm and c = 0.2885 nm) is obtained after annealing at 573 K in air. Microstructure reveals single domain Ag:CrO2 particles of prismatic shapes (aspect ratio L/b ~ 1-2) of average b ~30 nm width and 40 to 50 nm length (L). The temperature dependence electrical resistance R (T) shows a phase transition from a metallic to a semiconductor like at a specific temperature TC , which is found to be 405 K at a frequency f = 1 kHz. At 10 kHz, the dielectric constant er has as large a value as 49, with power loss 0.42. As a function of increasing the f-value, both er and power loss have been shown to decrease monotonically to the values 28 and 0.06 respectively. The er gets saturated at f ≥ 400 kHz.
SuperRez-II adaptive multispectral fundus imager (2006)

A new significantly redesigned version of clinically applicable adaptive optics multispectral fundus imager is presented. Along with greatly improve adaptive system loop rate, the device performs reliably and is convenient for use in clinical practice. This new imager has allowed us to use new approaches for retina image analysis and obtain original results on the distribution of aberrations in the human eye.
Comparative analysis of mycobacterium and related actinomycetes yields insight into the evolution of mycobacterium tuberculosis pathogenesis (2012)

Background: The sequence of the pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) strain H37Rv has been available for over a decade, but the biology of the pathogen remains poorly understood. Genome sequences from other Mtb strains and closely related bacteria present an opportunity to apply the power of comparative genomics to understand the evolution of Mtb pathogenesis. We conducted a comparative analysis using 31 genomes from the Tuberculosis Database (TBDB.org), including 8 strains of Mtb and M. bovis, 11 additional Mycobacteria, 4 Corynebacteria, 2 Streptomyces, Rhodococcus jostii RHA1, Nocardia farcinia, Acidothermus cellulolyticus, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Propionibacterium acnes, and Bifidobacterium longum.Results: Our results highlight the functional importance of lipid metabolism and its regulation, and reveal variation between the evolutionary profiles of genes implicated in saturated and unsaturated fatty acid metabolism. It also suggests that DNA repair and molybdopterin cofactors are important in pathogenic Mycobacteria. By analyzing sequence conservation and gene expression data, we identify nearly 400 conserved noncoding regions. These include 37 predicted promoter regulatory motifs, of which 14 correspond to previously validated motifs, as well as 50 potential noncoding RNAs, of which we experimentally confirm the expression of four.Conclusions: Our analysis of protein evolution highlights gene families that are associated with the adaptation of environmental Mycobacteria to obligate pathogenesis. These families include fatty acid metabolism, DNA repair, and molybdopterin biosynthesis. Our analysis reinforces recent findings suggesting that small noncoding RNAs are more common in Mycobacteria than previously expected. Our data provide a foundation for understanding the genome and biology of Mtb in a comparative context, and are available online and through TBDB.org.
Apache REEF (2017)

Resource Managers like YARN and Mesos have emerged as a critical layer in the cloud computing system stack, but the developer abstractions for leasing cluster resources and instantiating application logic are very low level. This flexibility comes at a high cost in terms of developer effort, as each application must repeatedly tackle the same challenges (e.g., fault tolerance, task scheduling and coordination) and reimplement common mechanisms (e.g., caching, bulk-data transfers). This article presents REEF, a development framework that provides a control plane for scheduling and coordinating task-level (data-plane) work on cluster resources obtained from a Resource Manager. REEF provides mechanisms that facilitate resource reuse for data caching and state management abstractions that greatly ease the development of elastic data processing pipelines on cloud platforms that support a Resource Manager service. We illustrate the power of REEF by showing applications built atop: a distributed shell application, a machine-learning framework, a distributed in-memory caching system, and a port of the CORFU system. REEF is currently an Apache top-level project that has attracted contributors from several institutions and it is being used to develop several commercial offerings such as the Azure Stream Analytics service.
Generation, Characterization, and Epitope Mapping of Neutralizing and Protective Monoclonal Antibodies against Staphylococcal Enterotoxin B-induced Lethal Shock (2011)

T-cell stimulating activity of Staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) is an important factor in the pathogenesis of certain staphylococcal diseases including SEB mediated shock. SEB is one of the most potent superantigens known and treatment of SEB induced shock remains a challenge. We generated and characterized murine monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to SEB in mice. We tested mAbs neutralize mitogenic effects of SEB in vitro and in vivo with T-cell proliferation assays and 2 murine models for SEB induced lethal shock (SEBILS). Epitope mapping suggests that all these mAbs recognize conformational epitopes that are destroyed by deleting the C terminus of the protein. Further site-directed mutagenesis identified potential residues involved in binding to SEB that differ between Methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus strains. Only mAb 20B1 was effective as a monotherapy in treating SEBILS in HLA DR3 transgenic mice, which exhibit enhanced sensitivity to SEB. It is noteworthy that mAbs, 14G8 and 6D3 were not protective when given alone in the HLA DR3 mice but their efficacy of protection could be greatly enhanced when mAbs were co-administered simultaneously. Our data suggest combinations of defined mAbs may constitute a better treatment strategy and provide a new insight for the development of passive immunotherapy.