gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Long Term Expansion of Bone Marrow-Derived hMSCs on Novel Synthetic Microcarriers in Xeno-Free, Defined Conditions (2014)

Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) present an attractive target for cell therapy given their wide availability, immunomodulatory properties, and multipotent nature for differentiation into chondrocytes, osteocytes, and adipocytes. With the progression of hMSC clinical studies, there is an increasing demand for development of technologies that enable efficient cell scale-up into clinically relevant quantities. Commercial scale manufacturing of hMSCs will require a large surface area which is not cost effective with available two-dimensional culture vessels. Recent studies showed that microcarriers provide a three-dimensional culture environment suitable for hMSC expansion. Traditionally, biological coatings and/or serum-containing medium are required to facilitate hMSC attachment and expansion in dynamic conditions. These limitations may hinder the use of microcarriers as a scale-up technology for hMSC therapeutics, where cell products, and therefore patient safety, are more controlled with the use of xeno-free, defined culture conditions. Here we report the long term culture of hMSCs on novel synthetic Synthemax II microcarriers in two different xeno-free media. Cells were maintained over 40 days on sterile, ready-to-use microcarriers in spinner flasks with programmed agitation. hMSC expansion was obtained by addition of fresh beads without the need for enzymatic dissociation. We achieved a cumulative cell expansion of >10,000 fold, and cells retained normal hMSC phenotype, karyotype, and tri-lineage differentiation potential. To our knowledge, this report is the first example of long term culture of hMSCs on synthetic microcarriers in xeno-free, defined conditions.
Exploring the proteome as a response predictor for rectal cancer undergoing neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (RCT) (2005)

3573 Background: Recent advances in mass spectrometry allow for investigation into the low molecular weight region of the serum proteome. We sought to discover whether this region of the proteome contained potentially useful diagnostic information that could be used to predict and monitor response to RCT for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods: After obtaining ethical approval and informed consent, sequential serum samples from 15 patients undergoing RCT were prospectively collected. These were taken pre treatment then at 24hrs, 48hrs, 1, 3 and 5 weeks into RCT and finally pre surgery. Response to treatment was measured by Mandard Tumour Regression Grade (TRG) based on the percentage of residual tumour to fibrosis. All serum samples, batch run in duplicate, were analysed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionisation (SELDI) mass spectrometry. This generated protein mass profiles, which were analysed using Biomarker Patterns™ software (Ciphergen). Results: In total, 6 patients demonstrated good response (TRG 1+2), 4 moderate response (TRG 3) and 5 poor response (TRG 4). Time-course analysis of multiple spectra from patients undergoing treatment revealed incremental changes in peak height, which could be directly related to treatment and resolved with the completion of therapy. Furthermore, in pre treatment blood samples, one particular peak at mass/charge (M/Z) ratio of 25640 could be used to differentiate good responders from poor responders with a high degree of precision (p=0.002 t-test). Conclusions: This is the first report that the low molecular weight region of the serum proteome may be used to predict response to RCT. We have shown that treatment-related changes are identifiable in blood over time. These most likely represent up and down regulation of proteins specifically involved in mediating radiation response. More importantly, responders could be prospectively differentiated from non-responders on the basis of pre-treatment serum sample analysis. This technique may therefore offer a non-invasive method of predicting response before or early into treatment. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
β-Galactosidase production by <I>Streptococcus thermophilus</I> is higher in the small intestine than in the caecum of human-microbiota-associated mice after lactose supplementation (2006)

Transit kinetics and survival rates of a bacterial species from yoghurt (i.e. Streptococcus thermophilus strain FBI3) were examined in different digestive compartments of gnotoxenic and human-microbiota-associated mice. The production of the lactose-hydrolysing enzyme (i.e. beta-galactosidase) was also investigated within the digestive tract, using a chromosomal reporter system based on luciferase genes from Photorhabdus luminescens under the control of the plac promoter. In both mice models, S. thermophilus cells transited within 2 h from the stomach to the caecum-colon compartment of the digestive tract where they displayed a survival rate of nearly 100 %. In gnotoxenic mice, luciferase activity was found to increase in the second half of the small intestine and in the caecum-colon compartment when lactose was added to the drinking water provided to the animals. In human-microbiota-associated mice drinking lactose, luciferase activity was similarly increased in the second half of the small intestine but was drastically reduced in the caecum-colon compartment. This feature could be ascribed to the presence of the resident human microbiota.
Titanium and Titanium Alloys (2010)

Abstract When titanium was first introduced commercially in the 1940's, it was considered a wonder metal. In some ways it still is because it offers a superior combination of metallurgical and physical characteristics allowing a wide array of applications to perform to maximum potential. Its greatest use is in aerospace for which it is particularly suited because of its strength to weight ratio. Titanium and its alloys are also used in many non‐aerospace applications including armor, chemical processing, automotive, marine, medical, power generation, sporting goods, and architecture. Titanium would be used more extensively were it not for its high cost, the result of an energy‐intensive extraction process and complex fabrication sequence to mill products. Research efforts are underway to reduce its cost, thereby increasing applicability.
Low-Temperature Heck Reactions of Axially Chiral o-Iodoacrylanilides Occur with Chirality Transfer:  Implications for Catalytic Asymmetric Heck Reactions (2006)

Low-temperature Heck reactions of chiral o-iodoacrylanilides with achiral palladium catalysts occur with efficient transfer of chirality from the chiral axis of the precursor to the new stereocenter of the product. The results suggest that the primary stereocontrolling step in asymmetric Heck reactions is a dynamic kinetic resolution (oxidative addition to the C−I) bond and not a face selective reaction (complexation or insertion to the alkene).
Waveguide bends from nanometric silica wires (2005)

We propose to use bent silica wires with nanometric diameters to guide light as optical waveguide bend. We bend silica wires with scanning tunneling microscope probes under an optical microscope, and wire bends with bending radius smaller than 5 &#956;m are obtained. Light from a He-Ne laser is launched into and guided through the wire bends, measured bending loss of a single bend is on the order of 1 dB. Brief introductions to the optical wave guiding and elastic bending properties of silica wires are also provided. Comparing with waveguide bends based on photonic bandgap structures, the waveguide bends from silica nanometric wires show advantages of simple structure, small overall size, easy fabrication and wide useful spectral range, which make them potentially useful in the miniaturization of photonic devices.
A 70-Year Industrial Electronics Society Evolution Through Industrial Revolutions: The Rise and Flourishing of Information and Communication Technologies (2021)

The Industrial Revolution, which originally involved the change from an agrarian and handicraft economy to a market dominated by factory mechanization during the early 18th century, has profoundly shaped the world. It has progressed through four disruptive phases: Industry 1.0 through Industry 4.0. Industry 1.0 encompassed early automation, while Industry 2.0 began at the end of the 19th century, when enormous technological advances were made, such as mass production, electrification, and new modes of transportation. Industry 3.0 began during the 1970s, a decade that gave rise to the electronics, telecommunications, and computing that enable full automation and robotics. Industry 4.0 kicked off at the dawn of the third millennium, marked by the ubiquitous use of Internet technologies, which have radically transformed how people, society, and industry interact.
Radio-frequency energy quantification in magnetic resonance imaging (2014)

Mapping of radio frequency (RF) energy deposition has been challenging for 50+ years, especially, when scanning patients in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment. As result, electromagnetic simulation software is often used for estimating the specific absorption rate (SAR), the rate of RF energy deposition in tissue. The thesis work presents challenges associated with aligning information provided by electromagnetic simulation and MRI experiments. As result of the limitations of simulations, experimental methods for the quantification of SAR were established. A system for quantification of the total RF energy deposition was developed for parallel transmit MRI (a system that uses multiple antennas to excite and image the body). The system is capable of monitoring and predicting channel-by-channel RF energy deposition, whole body SAR and capable of tracking potential hardware failures that occur in the transmit chain and may cause the deposition of excessive energy into patients. Similarly, we demonstrated that local RF power deposition can be mapped and predicted for parallel transmit systems based on a series of MRI temperature mapping acquisitions. Resulting from the work, we developed tools for optimal reconstruction temperature maps from MRI acquisitions. The tools developed for temperature mapping paved the way for utilizing MRI as a diagnostic tool for evaluation of RF/microwave emitting device safety. Quantification of the RF energy was demonstrated for both MRI compatible and non-MRI-compatible devices (such as cell phones), while having the advantage of being noninvasive, of providing millimeter resolution and high accuracy.
Scalable Clustering: Large Scale Unsupervised Learning of Gaussian Mixture Models with Outliers (2023)

Clustering is a widely used technique with a long and rich history in a variety of areas. However, most existing algorithms do not scale well to large datasets, or are missing theoretical guarantees of convergence. This paper introduces a provably robust clustering algorithm based on loss minimization that performs well on Gaussian mixture models with outliers. It provides theoretical guarantees that the algorithm obtains high accuracy with high probability under certain assumptions. Moreover, it can also be used as an initialization strategy for $k$-means clustering. Experiments on real-world large-scale datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm when clustering a large number of clusters, and a $k$-means algorithm initialized by the algorithm outperforms many of the classic clustering methods in both speed and accuracy, while scaling well to large datasets such as ImageNet.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Method for the Reduction of 2,1,3‐Benzothiadiazoles to 1,2‐Benzenediamines with Magnesium and Methanol. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antigen-dependent Proliferation of CD4+ CD25+ Regulatory T Cells In Vivo (2003)

The failure of CD25+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) to proliferate after T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation in vitro has lead to their classification as naturally anergic. Here we use Tregs expressing a transgenic TCR to show that despite anergy in vitro, Tregs proliferate in response to immunization in vivo. Tregs also proliferate and accumulate locally in response to transgenically expressed tissue antigen whereas their CD25- counterparts are depleted at such sites. Collectively, these data suggest that the anergic state that characterizes CD25+ Tregs in vitro may not accurately reflect their responsiveness in vivo. These observations support a model in which Treg population dynamics are shaped by the local antigenic environment.
Application of WSe 2 Nanoparticles Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Condensation Method for Li-Ion Battery Anodes (2018)

Crystalline low agglomerated tungsten diselenide (WSe2) nanoparticles were successfully produced by the aerosol synthesis method. The particle size and morphology were changed by process parameters. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The WSe2 nanoparticle morphology varies from a spherical shape to flake-like, layered structures. Usually, as-prepared particles consist of 5–7 single layers of WSe2. These as-synthesized WSe2 nanoparticles were used as anodes to assemble lithium-ion batteries. A high reversible capacity and very stable cycle performance can be obtained, implying that these WSe2 nanostructures could provide new types of electrode materials for rechargeable Li-ion batteries.
Properties of Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals (1986)

Certain smectic liquid-crystalline mesophases of chiral materials have been shown to exhibit both ferroelectric and pyroelectric properties. Consequently, these phenomena have recently been evaluated for their device potential. For example, these modifications have been proposed for use in displays, heat sensors, linear arrays, and spatial light modulators. Success of this ferroelectric media in these applications is primarily dependent on understanding and utilizing the nature of the physical properties of the material. In this article the macroscopic properties such as spontaneous polarization, helical structuring, and phase behavior are discussed in terms of the microscopic interactions of the constitutent molecules of the phase.
A logic of composition for information flow predicates (2002)

Information flow predicates are properties of sets of traces and therefore cannot be handled under the Alpem-Schneider framework and the Abadi-Lamport Composition Principle. McLean proposed a theory (1994) to investigate the composition properties of these predicates and derived a partial order on them. In this paper we present an alternate framework based on many-sorted predicate logic for specifying the information flow properties and show that this framework can be used to reason about the composition of such properties that is amenable to automated theorem proving.
A chemically unmodified agonistic DNA with growth factor functionality for in vivo therapeutic application (2020)

Although growth factors have great therapeutic potential because of their regenerative functions, they often have intrinsic drawbacks, such as low thermal stability and high production cost. Oligonucleotides have recently emerged as promising chemical entities for designing synthetic alternatives to growth factors. However, their applications in vivo have been recognized as a challenge because of their susceptibility to nucleases and limited distribution to a target tissue. Here, we present the first example of oligonucleotide-based growth factor mimetics that exerts therapeutic effects at a target tissue after systemic injection. The aptamer was designed to dimerize a growth factor receptor for its activation and mitigated the progression of Fas-induced fulminant hepatitis in a mouse model. This unprecedented functionality of the aptamer can be reasonably explained by its high nuclease stability and migration to the liver parenchyma. These mechanistic analyses provided insights for the successful application of aptamer-based receptor agonists.
Deep Active Surface Models (2021)

Active Surface Models have a long history of being useful to model complex 3D surfaces. But only Active Contours have been used in conjunction with deep networks, and then only to produce the data term as well as meta-parameter maps controlling them. In this paper, we advocate a much tighter integration. We introduce layers that implement them that can be integrated seamlessly into Graph Convolutional Networks to enforce sophisticated smoothness priors at an acceptable computational cost. We will show that the resulting Deep Active Surface Models outperform equivalent architectures that use traditional regularization loss terms to impose smoothness priors for 3D surface reconstruction from 2D images and for 3D volume segmentation.
Deoxyribonucleic acid breaks produced by 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidine and copper (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeoxyribonucleic acid breaks produced by 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidine and copperAngela Wong, Cheng Hsiung Huang, and Stanley T. CrookeCite this: Biochemistry 1984, 23, 13, 2939–2945Publication Date (Print):June 19, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 June 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00308a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00308a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Biomarker discovery in MALDI-TOF serum protein profiles using discrete wavelet transformation (2009)

The data and scripts used in this study are available at http://www.math.uni-bremen.de/~theodore/MALDIDWT.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 9‐(β‐L‐Arabinofuranosyl)adenine. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Abstract 3287: Targeting GSK-3: a new approach for the treatment of neuroblastoma (2015)

Abstract Neuroblastoma is a devastating pediatric cancer and most patients older than 18 months present with multi-organ metastatic disease. High grade or recurrent disease is refractory to treatment with chemotherapy and almost uniformly fatal. Because GSK-3beta has been shown to be a positive regulator of NF-kappaB-mediated survival and chemoresistance in cancer cells, we hypothesize that the inhibition of GSK-3 may have potential therapeutic effects in neuroblastoma. To test this premise we used small molecule inhibitors, Western blotting, apoptotic and MTS assays to study the effect(s) of GSK-3 inactivation in neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-DZ and SK-N-BE(2). Using chemically distinct GSK-3 inhibitors (AR-A014418, TDZD8 and 9-ING-41), we found that pharmacological inhibition of GSK-3 led to a decrease in proliferation and survival of neuroblastoma cells. We observed that inhibition of GSK-3 results in decreased expression of the anti-apoptotic molecules Bcl-XL and XIAP (NF-kappaB target genes) and a subsequent increase in neuroblastoma cell apoptosis. Moreover, we show that our novel GSK-3 inhibitor 9-ING-41 enhances the antitumor effects of irinotecan in neuroblastoma cells. Our results demonstrate that GSK-3 positively regulates neuroblastoma cell survival and proliferation and suggest that the inhibition of GSK-3 is a promising new approach for the treatment of neuroblastoma. Citation Format: Oleksii Dubrovskyi, Andrey Ugolkov, Irina Gaisina, Gennadiy Bondarenko, Luigi Strizzi, Naira Margaryan, Thomas O'Halloran, Alan Kozikowski, Mary Hendrix, Andrew Mazar. Targeting GSK-3: a new approach for the treatment of neuroblastoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 3287. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-3287
Supplemental Figure 3 from Feasibility and Safety of Personalized, Multi-Target, Adoptive Cell Therapy (IMA101): First-in-Human Clinical Trial in Patients with Advanced Metastatic Cancer (2023)

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Drug eluting balloon angioplasty for assisted maturation of failing fistulae (2017)

Drug-eluting balloon angioplasty was to salvage nonmaturing fistulae with durable results in complex patients where conventional treatment had previously failed. Drug-eluting balloons may provide a useful treatment option for patients prone to multiple access failures due accelerated neo-intimal hyperplasia.
Developments in the commercial manufacture and applications of optically active compounds (1997)

Partial table of contents: Chiral Drugs: Regulatory Aspects (J. Blumenstein). Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Nucleosides (B. Bray, et al.). PHYSICAL METHODS AND CLASSICAL RESOLUTION. Crystal Science Techniques in the Manufacture of Chiral Compounds (W. Wood). BIOLOGICAL METHODS AND CHIRAL POOL SYNTHESES. Development of a Multi-Stage Chemical and Biological Process for an Optically Active Intermediate for an Anti-Glaucoma Drug (A. Blacker & R. Holt). ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESES BY CHEMICAL METHODS. Asymmetric Hydrocyanation of Vinylarenes (A. Casalnuovo & T. Rajanbabu). Sharpless Asymmetric Epoxidation: Scale-up and Industrial Production (W. Shum & M. Cannarsa). Index.
Understanding fashion aesthetics: training a neural network based predictor using popularity scores (2019)

With the rise of the digital shopping age, second-hand retail websites are becoming increasingly popular, particularly within the fashion industry. Websites such as these allow users to upload listings of articles they hope to sell, often including images of the object for sale. Photos taken by inexperienced photographers using unideal equipment such as a smartphone camera often have a very low aesthetic quality, an image feature that fashion websites cannot directly measure and prevent. In this work, we use human binary classifications of image aesthetic quality to calculate popularity scores, which are then used to train an aesthetic quality predictor. Image features that correlate with aesthetic quality are extracted and utilized in a machine learning algorithm. With a regression output predicting a popularity score on a scale of 0 to 1 our method proves to be a concise yet effective approach to predicting the aesthetic quality of fashion images. Our models proved effective and promising for future research. Our base model, trained with our entire dataset, resulted in an error value of only 18% in the most successful application. With the ability to predict the aesthetic quality of images uploaded with clothing article listings, fashion websites are able to notify sellers of images that will reduce customer interest in an item. This will encourage sellers to improve aesthetic quality of their images, improving business for both themselves and the fashion website.