gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dislocation climb model in compound semiconductors with zinc blende structure (1976)

A new dislocation climb model is proposed for compound semiconductors with the zinc blende structure. Within the model a supersaturation of only one type of point defect is needed for the dislocation climb process. Consideration of the forces involved suggest that in compound semiconductors grown by liquid-phase epitaxy, interstitial climb is favored. A trail of vacancy defects is then expected to result from the climb process. Experimental observations in support of this model are presented for the case of the defect structures produced during degradation of Ga1−xAlxAs/GaAs (DH) lasers and GaP green-light-emitting diodes.
Complement Activation and Complement-Dependent Inflammation byNeisseria meningitidisAre Independent of Lipopolysaccharide (2004)

Fulminant meningococcal sepsis has been termed the prototypical lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-mediated gram-negative septic shock. Systemic inflammation by activated complement and cytokines is important in the pathogenesis of this disease. We investigated the involvement of meningococcal LPS in complement activation, complement-dependent inflammatory effects, and cytokine or chemokine production. Whole blood anticoagulated with lepirudin was stimulated with wild-type Neisseria meningitidis H44/76 (LPS+), LPS-deficient N. meningitidis H44/76lpxA (LPS-), or purified meningococcal LPS (NmLPS) at concentrations that were relevant to meningococcal sepsis. Complement activation products, chemokines, and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and granulocyte CR3 (CD11b/CD18) upregulation and oxidative burst were measured by flow cytometry. The LPS+ and LPS- N. meningitidis strains both activated complement effectively and to comparable extents. Purified NmLPS, used at a concentration matched to the amount present in whole bacteria, did not induce any complement activation. Both CR3 upregulation and oxidative burst were also induced, independent of LPS. Interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), tumor necrosis factor alpha, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1alpha production was predominantly dependent on LPS, in contrast to IL-8 production, which was also markedly induced by the LPS- meningococci. In this whole blood model of meningococcal sepsis, complement activation and the immediate complement-dependent inflammatory effects of CR3 upregulation and oxidative burst occurred independent of LPS.
Mass Spectrometry Compatible Surfactant for Optimized In-Gel Protein Digestion (2012)

Identification of proteins resolved by SDS-PAGE depends on robust in-gel protein digestion and efficient peptide extraction, requirements that are often difficult to achieve. A lengthy and laborious procedure is an additional challenge of protein identification in gel. We show here that with the use of the mass spectrometry compatible surfactant sodium 3-((1-(furan-2-yl)undecyloxy)carbonylamino)propane-1-sulfonate, the challenges of in-gel protein digestion are effectively addressed. Peptide quantitation based on stable isotope labeling showed that the surfactant induced 1.5-2 fold increase in peptide recovery. Consequently, protein sequence coverage was increased by 20-30%, on average, and the number of identified proteins saw a substantial boost. The surfactant also accelerated the digestion process. Maximal in-gel digestion was achieved in as little as one hour, depending on incubation temperature, and peptides were readily recovered from gel eliminating the need for postdigestion extraction. This study shows that the surfactant provides an efficient means of improving protein identification in gel and streamlining the in-gel digestion procedure requiring no extra handling steps or special equipment.
Histopathologic and Bacteriologic Evaluations of Cellulitis Detected in Legs and Caudal Abdominal Regions of Turkeys (2002)

The objective of this study was to identify the causative agent of cellulitis in turkeys. Eighteen flocks from nine producers were sampled at the local processing plant, and 37 birds with cellulitis on legs or caudal thoracic area were obtained. None of the 37 birds with cellulitis had lesions in other organs. On gross examination, lesions were categorized into two groups: cellulitis with unopened skin lesions (type a) and cellulitis with opened skin lesions (type b). Histopathologically, cellulitis with unopened skin lesions had dermal necrosis with underlying fibrin and inflammatory exudate but cellulitis with open skin lesions had chronic granulomatous/granulation tissue-type reaction associated with foreign material. A complete bacteriologic study was conducted on 25 of 37 birds. Bacteria were isolated from 12 of the 25 birds with cellulitis lesions. No aerobic, microaerophilic, or anaerobic bacteria were isolated from the remaining 13 birds with cellulitis lesions. Escherichia coli was isolated in low numbers in mixed cultures with Proteus mirabilis, Lactobacillus spp., Klebsiella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. in 9 of 12 lesions. The remaining few cases yielded P. mirabilis in pure culture or in mixed culture with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Types a and b cellulitis lesions in turkeys could be associated with primary contact dermatitis and skin abrasions, respectively. Their occurrence is likely associated with different management practices.
Decentralized Task Allocation Using Local Information Consistency Assumptions (2017)

The information available to agents using decentralized task allocation algorithms plays an important role in how assignments can be constructed. The requirement that information be globally consistent across all agents can be leveraged to allow cooperation on coupled objectives. In environments where global information consistency assumptions are difficult to enforce, the alternative is to rely only on a local best estimate of the global information state, which is referred to here as local information consistency. Algorithms that assume only this local information consistency will have reduced optimization capabilities compared to their global information assumption counterparts. Specifically, if objective functions are non-submodular, local information algorithms may produce arbitrarily bad allocations or, in the case of many algorithms, may not even converge. The key contribution of this paper is an algorithm termed bid warped consensus-based bundle algorithm that converges for all deterministic objective functions and has nontrivial performance guarantees for submodular and some non-submodular objective functions. Included in this paper is an analytical analysis of both convergence and performance of the algorithm, as well as a numerical comparison to several other competing local and global information approaches.
Urinary Prostaglandin D Synthase (β-Trace) Excretion Increases in the Early Stage of Diabetes mellitus (2001)

Urinary L-PGDS excretion increased in the early stage of kidney injury in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The urinary excretion was correlated independently with urinary protein excretion even when there was no difference in urinary protein or albumin excretions, thereby suggesting that urinary L-PGDS excretion is possibly a more sensitive indicator of renal injuries than proteinuria. Urinary L-PGDS may thus predict the progression of renal injuries in diabetic patients.
MaskIt (2012)

The rise of smartphones equipped with various sensors has enabled personalization of various applications based on user contexts extracted from sensor readings. At the same time it has raised serious concerns about the privacy of user contexts.
Reliable Multi-Path Routing Schemes for Real-Time Streaming (2006)

In off-line streaming, packet level erasure resilient Forward Error Correction (FEC) codes rely on the unrestricted buffering time at the receiver. In real-time streaming, the extremely short playback buffering time makes FEC inefficient for protecting a single path communication against long link failures. It has been shown that one alternative path added to a single path route makes packet level FEC applicable even when the buffering time is limited. Further path diversity, however, increases the number of underlying links increasing the total link failure rate, requiring from the sender possibly more FEC packets. We introduce a scalar coefficient for rating a multi-path routing topology of any complexity. It is called Redundancy Overall Requirement (ROR) and is proportional to the total number of adaptive FEC packets required for protection of the communication. With the capillary routing algorithm, introduced in this paper we build thousands of multi-path routing patterns. By computing their ROR coefficients, we show that contrary to the expectations the overall requirement in FEC codes is reduced when the further diversity of dual-path routing is achieved by the capillary routing algorithm.
Network design sensitivity studies for use of digital cross-connect systems in survivable network architectures (1994)

Provides the results of an economic study on the use of SONET digital cross-connect systems (DCS) to provide survivable transmission network architectures in local exchange networks. Three fundamental survivable transmission technologies are considered: (1) a SONET self-healing ring, (2) a SONET point-to-point fiber system with 1:1 automatic protection switching and diverse routing of protection facilities, and (3) a DCS mesh with automatic DCS restoration (rerouting) protection. These three technologies are used in various combinations to form six survivable network alternatives for evaluation. Two local exchange carrier (LEC) networks are used (a 15 node network and a 53 node network) and demand, network connectivity, and unit equipment cost sensitivities are evaluated on these alternatives. In addition, the survivability of each alternative in the event of a major node failure is calculated. The motivation for the study is to determine the viability of DCS-based survivable network architectures and, in particular, the viability of SONET DCS with integrated optical terminations. The study has two objectives: (1) given a specific survivable network technology, under what conditions is it economical to place a broadband DCS (B-DCS) in a central office as opposed add-drop multiplexers (ADM); and (2) which survivable technologies with B-DCS are economical, and under what conditions. The authors conclude that the most cost-effective networks consist of "hybrids" of SONET point-to-point, ring, and mesh technologies, and that the B-DCS is economically viable for interconnection between these technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Experimental Demonstration of Self-Collimation inside a Three-Dimensional Photonic Crystal (2006)

We present our experimental demonstration of self-collimation inside a three-dimensional (3D) simple cubic photonic crystal at microwave frequencies. The photonic crystal was designed with unique dispersion property and fabricated by a high precision computer-controlled machine. The self-collimation modes were excited by a grounded waveguide feeding and detected by a scanning monopole. Self-collimation of electromagnetic waves in the 3D photonic crystal was demonstrated by measuring the 3D field distribution, which was shown as a narrow collimated beam inside the 3D photonic crystal but a diverged beam in the absence of the photonic crystal.
Theory: Treatments for Prolonged ICU Patients May Provide New Therapeutic Avenues for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) (2021)

We here provide an overview of treatment trials for <i>prolonged</i> intensive care unit (ICU) patients and theorize about their relevance for potential treatment of myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Specifically, these treatment trials generally target: (a) the correction of suppressed endocrine axes, notably through a "reactivation" of the pituitary gland's <i>pulsatile</i> secretion of tropic hormones, or (b) the interruption of the "vicious circle" between inflammation, oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS), and low thyroid hormone <i>function</i>. There are significant parallels in the treatment trials for <i>prolonged</i> critical illness and ME/CFS; this is consistent with the hypothesis of an overlap in the mechanisms that prevent recovery in both conditions. Early successes in the simultaneous reactivation of <i>pulsatile</i> pituitary secretions in ICU patients-and the resulting positive metabolic effects-could indicate an avenue for treating ME/CFS. The therapeutic effects of thyroid hormones-including in mitigating O&NS and inflammation and in stimulating the adreno-cortical axis-also merit further studies. Collaborative research projects should further investigate the lessons from treatment trials for <i>prolonged</i> critical illness for solving ME/CFS.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli BE104, an MC4100 Derivative Lacking the Methionine Reductive Pathway (2019)

In this announcement, we present the complete annotated genome sequence of an <i>Escherichia coli</i> MC4100 mutant strain, BE104. This strain has several methionine sulfoxide reductase gene deletions, making it ideal for studying enzymes that alter the redox state of methionine.
Efficacy and Safety of Dupilumab in Glucocorticoid-Dependent Severe Asthma (2018)

In patients with glucocorticoid-dependent severe asthma, dupilumab treatment reduced oral glucocorticoid use while decreasing the rate of severe exacerbations and increasing the FEV<sub>1</sub>. Transient eosinophilia was observed in approximately 1 in 7 dupilumab-treated patients. (Funded by Sanofi and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; LIBERTY ASTHMA VENTURE ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02528214 .).
Rates of Neurological Injury Associated with Spine Surgery Based on 108 419 Procedures (2009)

Hamilton, D. Kojo M.D.; Smith, Justin S. M.D., Ph.D.; Shaffrey, Christopher I. M.D.; Sansur, Charles A. M.D., M.H.Sc.; Berven, Sigurd M.D.; Broadstone, Paul A.; Choma, Theodore; Goytan, Michael; Noordeen, Hilali; Knapp, D. Raymond; Hart, Robert M.D.; Zeller, Rienhard D.; Donaldson, William F.; Polly, David W. M.D.; Perra, Joseph; Boachie-Adjei, Oheneba
Stabilization of Nanoparticles Synthesized by Miniemulsion Polymerization Using “Green” Amino‐Acid Based Surfactants (2014)

Summary In this study biocompatible amino‐acid based surfactants were used for the stabilization of polystyrene (PS), poly(L‐lactide) (PLLA) and polyphosphate (PP) nanoparticles (NPs). The formation of the nanoparticles was achieved either by radical polymerization in miniemulsion for polystyrene nanoparticles or by using a combination of solvent evaporation and miniemulsion approach for poly(L‐lactide) or polyphosphate nanoparticles. The influence of the three different amino‐acid based surfactants, which were used with different amounts, on the NPs' stability, size, size distribution, zeta potential, morphology and surface tension is discussed. Cell experiments with HeLa cells were performed for the determination of the toxicity. For comparison, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) stabilized NPs were synthesized, and all results obtained from the amino‐acid based surfactant stabilized NPs were compared and discussed with the SDS stabilized NPs.
Privacy-friendly Discovery of Common Friends in P2P Networks (2022)

In this paper we study the problem of comparing a set of data between two parties in a peer-to-peer network to determine the number of common friends. Several protocols for private set intersection are presented in the literature. When the sets are large these tend to be too slow for many purposes. We consider the problem of two parties finding out how many common friends they have in a privacy preserving way. This problem has arisen in designing a peer-to-peer platform called HELIOS. We present our solution for the problem that is more efficient than older protocols but still sufficiently privacy-friendly for our purposes. The solution is based on iteratively revealing information about the hash values of friends’ identities in small increments.
Controlling quantum fluctuations of macroscopic light with sharply nonlinear gain (2022)

Here, we introduce a mechanism of “sharp nonlinear gain” that strongly suppresses quantum fluctuations of lasers. This effect can lead to orders-of-magnitude suppression of intensity fluctuations in real lasers, as well as macroscopic sub-Poissonian light.
Surfactant for petroleum demulsification, structure, classification, and properties. A review (2020)

Abstract Crude oil as a complex fluid often consists of colloidal particles. These colloidal particles are made up of asphaltenes and resins diffused in a blend of aliphatic and aromatic solvents. At various stages of crude oil production, there is usually an occurrence a water-in-oil emulsion. The stability of the emulsion formed is dependent on the occurrence of the interfacial barrier which prevents the coalescence of the dispersed water droplets. Several operational difficulties are often encountered during crude oil processing as a result of the presence of water. These difficulties range from corrosion in equipment and pipelines as well as an increase in the production cost. Hence, to mitigate these economic and operational challenges, it is crucial to ensure that the water is separated from the crude oil prior to transporting or refining the oil. Demulsification using surfactant is one of the effective techniques used for the separation of crude oil from water. This paper presents a short review of the various application of surfactants for demulsification, their structure, classification as well as their properties. In addition, the mechanism and techniques for demulsification of crude oil were also presented.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Central Role of IFNγ–Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Axis in Regulation of Interleukin-12–Mediated Antitumor Immunity (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Central Role of IFNγ–Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Axis in Regulation of Interleukin-12–Mediated Antitumor Immunity
Transport-Limited Adsorption of Plasma Proteins on Bimodal Amphiphilic Polymer Co-Networks: Real-Time Studies by Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2017)

Traditional hydrogels are commonly limited by poor mechanical properties and low oxygen permeability. Bimodal amphiphilic co-networks (β-APCNs) are a new class of materials that can overcome these limitations by combining hydrophilic and hydrophobic polymer chains within a network of co-continuous morphology. Applications that can benefit from these improved properties include therapeutic contact lenses, enzymatic catalysis supports, and immunoisolation membranes. The continuous hydrophobic phase could potentially increase the adsorption of plasma proteins in blood-contacting medical applications and compromise in vivo material performance, so it is critical to understand the surface characteristics of β-APCNs and adsorption of plasma proteins on β-APCNs. From real-time spectroscopic visible (Vis) ellipsometry measurements, plasma protein adsorption on β-APCNs is shown to be transport-limited. The adsorption of proteins on the β-APCNs is a multistep process with adsorption to the hydrophilic surface initially, followed by diffusion into the material to the internal hydrophilic/hydrophobic interfaces. Increasing the cross-linking of the PDMS phase reduced the protein intake by limiting the transport of large proteins. Moreover, the internalization of the proteins is confirmed by the difference between the surface-adsorbed protein layer determined from XPS and bulk thickness change from Vis ellipsometry, which can differ up to 20-fold. Desorption kinetics depend on the adsorption history with rapid desorption for slow adsorption rates (i.e., slow-diffusing proteins within the network), whereas proteins with fast adsorption kinetics do not readily desorb. This behavior can be directly related to the ability of the protein to spread or reorient, which affects the binding energy required to bind to the internal hydrophobic interfaces.
Analysis of an Upper Bound on the Effects of Large Scale Attenuation on Uplink Transmission Performance for Massive MIMO Systems (2017)

Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is a potential candidate key technology for the 5G of wireless communication systems. In research to date, different power loss and shadowing effects on different antenna elements across the large arrays have been neglected. In this paper, based on an idealized propagation model, a new large scale attenuation (LSA) model is proposed, by which the large scale losses (path loss and shadowing effect) over the antenna array can be considered when establishing a massive MIMO channel model. By using this model, the spectral efficiency (in terms of bits/s/Hz sum-rate) of the maximum ratio combining (MRC) detector is derived for the uplink. The spectral efficiency performance of the zero forcing (ZF) detector also can be derived in the same manner. It can be found that the sum-rate performance (MRC and ZF) of our proposed channel model (assuming independent shadowing on all elements of the array) exceeds that of the conventional model (where the LSA effect is not included). Based upon our theoretical and simulation analysis, we have found that the spectral efficiency gap is mainly from the mean value of different shadowing effects across different elements, and the different path losses experienced by different antenna elements provide negligible contribution. This LSA model and the derived performance results could be beneficial and informative for the research, design and evaluation of the next generation of wireless communication system employing a massive MIMO configuration.
Ageing properties of a polyoxymethylene copolymer exposed to (bio) diesel and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) in demanding high temperature conditions (2021)

The increasing use of renewable biofuels in the transportation sector has driven attention on the incompatibility issues between biofuels and the polymeric materials used in the vehicle fuel system. Here, the ageing effects on a polyoxymethylene copolymer exposed to four types of fuels; petroleum diesel, biodiesel, a commercial mixture of these, and hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) at demanding high-temperature conditions, were investigated and compared with its performance in air. The degree of material degradation during ageing was highest in the presence of the non-polar fuels (HVO/petroleum diesel). The samples aged in different fuels underwent the same increase in crystallinity due to annealing. Surface powdering was observed on the sample aged in the fuel mixture. The negative effects from a combination of plasticization and swelling, induced by the sorbed fuel, oxidation and surface cracks dominated the changes in mechanical properties, leading to reduced stiffness, strength and extensibility. The results indicate that care should be taken when choosing this polymer in contact with, especially, non-polar fuels at severe conditions.