gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD28: beyond just T-cell costimulation (2007)

[Comment on Mirenda et al, page 2968][1]The CD28 T-cell costimulatory molecule was shown to regulate in vivo migration of memory T cells independent of TCR stimulation, suggesting that CD28 can have additional functions beyond costimulation. However, the mechanism involved, the physiological
CD8+ T cell-intrinsic IL-6 signaling promotes resistance to anti-PD-L1 immunotherapy (2023)

Although immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are established as effective cancer therapies, overcoming therapeutic resistance remains a critical challenge. Here we identify interleukin 6 (IL-6) as a correlate of poor response to atezolizumab (anti-PD-L1) in large clinical trials of advanced kidney, breast, and bladder cancers. In pre-clinical models, combined blockade of PD-L1 and the IL-6 receptor (IL6R) causes synergistic regression of large established tumors and substantially improves anti-tumor CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses compared with anti-PD-L1 alone. Circulating CTLs from cancer patients with high plasma IL-6 display a repressed functional profile based on single-cell RNA sequencing, and IL-6-STAT3 signaling inhibits classical cytotoxic differentiation of CTLs in vitro. In tumor-bearing mice, CTL-specific IL6R deficiency is sufficient to improve anti-PD-L1 activity. Thus, based on both clinical and experimental evidence, agents targeting IL-6 signaling are plausible partners for combination with ICIs in cancer patients.
Reinforced Genetic Algorithm Learning for Optimizing Computation Graphs (2019)

We present a deep reinforcement learning approach to minimizing the execution cost of neural network computation graphs in an optimizing compiler. Unlike earlier learning-based works that require training the optimizer on the same graph to be optimized, we propose a learning approach that trains an optimizer offline and then generalizes to previously unseen graphs without further training. This allows our approach to produce high-quality execution decisions on real-world TensorFlow graphs in seconds instead of hours. We consider two optimization tasks for computation graphs: minimizing running time and peak memory usage. In comparison to an extensive set of baselines, our approach achieves significant improvements over classical and other learning-based methods on these two tasks.
Proposed Methods to Determine Fault Point&lt;tex&gt;$X/R$&lt;/tex&gt;Ratio for Breaker Evaluation (2004)

ANSI/IEEE and IEC standards provide procedures that do a fairly good job in obtaining a single fault point X/R ratio that will allow a conservative estimate of the dc component and, therefore, the total fault current flowing in a breaker. However, there are circuit configurations that result in overly conservative or under conservative estimates of the fault X/R ratio. This paper explores alternate methods using the information in a complex impedance network reduction and presents an alternate method that provides comparable X/R ratios and conservatism without the need to preform dual network reductions.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure of Strontium Ion‐Exchanged ETS‐4 Microporous Molecular Sieves. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Special Issue on Emerging Nanoscale Architectures for Hardware Security, Trust, and Reliability: Part 1 (2014)

There is an increasing concern involving the security, trust, and reliability of the hardware underlying the information systems on which modern society is reliant for mission-critical and safety-critical functions. Secure, trustworthy and reliable hardware components, and platforms and supply chains are vital to all domains, including financial, healthcare, transportation, energy, and the national defense. Traditionally, authenticity, integrity, and confidentiality of information were being protected with security protocols in software with the underlying hardware assumed to be secure, trustworthy, and reliable. However, this assumption is no longer true with an increasing number of attacks being reported on the hardware root of trust. Whereas security, trust, and reliability risks are better understood in software, understanding and addressing threats to the hardware root of trust are a critical emerging challenge and the focus of this special issue.
<title>Strength control of a ceramic composite by electric field</title> (2001)

The change in strength of barium titanate/zirconia composite on polarization treatment is evaluated, and the mechanism of this phenomenon is discussed. We have already reported that the bending strength of this composite has increased on longitudinal poling. In this study bending strength of BT/8YSZ composite increased on longitudinal poling and decreases on transverse poling compared with the untreated samples. Both strengthened and weakened specimens tend to return to the almost original strength by heating over Tc of barium titanate. Then, the crack propagation after polarization treatment is observed by SEM, and the detour of cracks around barium titanate grains is found in the cracks going along the poling direction. The detour of crack probably has close connection with the increase in strength in the poling direction.
Hepatitis C virus serine protease: synthesis of radioactive and stable isotope‐labeled potent inhibitors (2014)

Drug candidates labeled with radioactive and stable isotopes are required for absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) studies, pharmacokinetics, autoradiography, bioanalytical, and other research activities. The findings from these studies are crucial in the development of a drug candidate and its approval for human use. Herein, we report the synthesis of potent and selective hepatitis C virus serine protease inhibitors related to BILN 2061 and BI 201335 labeled with radioactive and stable isotopes. Synthetic efforts were focused on the common substituted thiazole moiety, which is easily accessible via a Hantzsch's reaction of α-bromoketones and mono-substituted thioureas. In the radioactive synthesis, commercially available carbon-14 thiourea was utilized to prepare mono-substituted thioureas, which upon condensation with α-bromoketones in isopropanol followed by ester hydrolysis gave the desired carbon-14-labeled protease inhibitors. The same strategy was used to prepare these inhibitors labeled with stable isotopes. Mono-substituted thioureas were obtained from commercially available deuterium-labeled intermediates and then condensed with α-bromoketones followed by ester hydrolysis to give the deuterium-labeled inhibitors.
Dependence of elastic strain on thickness for ZnSe films grown on lattice-mismatched materials (1988)

We present a new approach for calculation of the dependence of elastic strain on layer thickness concerning ZnSe films grown on GaAs and on ZnS. The basic concept involved in our model is that the interfacial misfit dislocations are generated only when the areal strain energy density exceeds an energy barrier. It is found that the elastic strain calculated by this model is quite in agreement with experimental results for the ZnSe/GaAs system with the energy barrier of 79 erg/cm2. To compare the theory with experiments, the difference of thermal expansion coefficient between the epitaxial layer and the substrate must be taken into consideration. Applications of the model to other systems are also discussed.
Comparison of Grammar-Based and Statistical Language Models Trained on the Same Data (2005)

This paper presents a methodologically sound comparison of the performance of grammar-based (GLM) and statistical-based (SLM) recognizer architectures using data from the Clarissa procedure navigator domain. The Regulus open source packages make this possible with a method for constructing a grammar-based language model by training on a corpus. We construct grammar-based and statistical language models from the same corpus for comparison, and find that the grammar-based language models provide better performance in this domain. The best SLM version has a semantic error rate of 9.6%, while the best GLM version has an error rate of 6.0%. Part of this advantage is accounted for by the superior WER and Sentence Error Rate (SER) of the GLM (WER 7.42% versus 6.27%, and SER 12.41% versus 9.79%). The rest is most likely accounted for by the fact that the GLM architecture is able to use logical-form-based features, which permit tighter integration of recognition and semantic interpretation.
Characteristics of the acute/early clade C panel virus donors by infection stage and country/region of origin. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;Characteristics of the acute/early clade C panel virus donors by infection stage and country/region of origin.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, Cytotoxicity and Cellular Pharmacology of L‐3′‐Azido‐2′,3′‐dideoxypurine Nucleosides. (2011)

Abstract A rapid, simple, and general method using microwave‐assisted transglycosylation reactions for the synthesis of compounds like (IV) is presented.
NMR Finger Printing of Chemical Changes in Asphalt Fractions on Oxidation (2009)

Abstract The composition of asphalt has been the subject of much study because such data is required in determining its performance-related properties. A problem inherent in studying asphalt composition is its chemical complexity; however, the characterization of asphalt can better be achieved by separating it into fractions. In this work, the chemical property of commercial grade asphalt obtained from BAPCO refinery, Bahrain (BH) was studied. The rolling thin-film oven (RTFO), termed as short-term aging, and pressurized aging vessel (PAV), termed as long-term aging, tests were used to simulate the laboratory aging of this asphalt. The Corbett fractionation procedure was used to separate fresh and aged asphalt into four generic fractions such as asphaltenes, polar aromatics, naphthene aromatics, and saturates. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was employed to fingerprint the chemical changes that occurred in asphalt during the aging processes. NMR measurements of asphalt fractions showed that during aging, isomerization and dehydrogenation reactions took place. Significant differences were observed between the structure and composition of fresh and aged fractions of asphalt. The result from the NMR spectrometry has provided very significant information concerning the chemical transformations that occur during the aging processes. Keywords: agingasphaltchemical transformationsfractionsNMRoxidation
REVIEW: DEHYDRATION CATALYSTS FOR THE METHANOL/DIMETHYL ETHER REACTION (1991)

Abstract Catalysts for the methanol/dimethyl ether reaction are reviewed with particular emphasis on the acid/base properties of the catalysts. The focus is on temperatues less than around 300°C and atmospheric pressure conditions, which correspond to potential automotive applications. Mechanisms including both dual site (acid/base) Langmiur-Hinshelwood and single site Rideal-Eley mechanisms have been postulated, with both Bronsted and Lewis acid sites involved in the dehydration reaction. Temperatures higher than about 300°C, as well as a strong surface acidity, tend to promote the further dehydration of DME to form C2-Q5 olefins and eventually hydrocarbon products in a series type reaction sequence. Methods exist, particularly in zeolites, to control the strength and type of surface acidity, and therefore the selectivity to DME.
MICA: A Probabilistic Dependency Parser Based on Tree Insertion Grammars (2009)

MICA is a dependency parser which returns deep dependency representations, is fast, has state-of-the-art performance, and is freely available.
Interaction of Therapeutic d-Peptides with Aβ42 Monomers, Thermodynamics, and Binding Analysis (2022)

The aggregation of the amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. This peptide can aggregate into oligomers, proto-fibrils, and mature fibrils, which eventually assemble into amyloid plaques. The peptide monomers are the smallest assembly units and play an important role in most of the individual processes involved in amyloid fibril formation, such as primary and secondary nucleation and elongation. Several d-peptides have been confirmed as promising candidates to inhibit the aggregation of Aβ into toxic oligomers and fibrils by specifically interacting with monomeric species. In this work, we elucidate the structural interaction and thermodynamics of binding between three d-peptides (D3, ANK6, and RD2) and Aβ42 monomers by means of enhanced molecular dynamics simulations. Our study derives thermodynamic energies in good agreement with experimental values and suggests that there is an enhanced binding for D3 and ANK6, which leads to more stable complexes than for RD2. The binding of D3 to Aβ42 is shown to be weakly exothermic and mainly entropically driven, whereas the complex formation between the ANK6 and RD2 with the Aβ42 free monomer is weakly endothermic. In addition, the changes in the solvent-accessible surface area and the radius of gyration support that the binding between Aβ42 and d-peptides is mainly driven by electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and leads to more compact conformations.
Supercritical CO2 compression loop operation at off-nominal conditions. (2015)

No abstract prepared.
Spatiotemporal dynamics of nanowire growth in a microfluidic reactor (2021)

Co-integration of nanomaterials into microdevices poses several technological challenges and presents numerous scientific opportunities that have been addressed in this paper by integrating zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO-NWs) into a microfluidic chamber. In addition to the applications of these combined materials, this work focuses on the study of the growth dynamics and uniformity of nanomaterials in a tiny microfluidic reactor environment. A unique experimental platform was built through the integration of a noninvasive optical characterization technique with the microfluidic reactor. This platform allowed the unprecedented demonstration of time-resolved and spatially resolved monitoring of the in situ growth of NWs, in which the chemicals were continuously fed into the microfluidic reactor. The platform was also used to assess the uniformity of NWs grown quickly in a 10-mm-wide microchamber, which was intentionally chosen to be 20 times wider than those used in previous attempts because it can accommodate applications requiring a large surface of interaction while still taking advantage of submillimeter height. Further observations included the effects of varying the flow rate on the NW diameter and length in addition to a synergetic effect of continuous renewal of the growth solution and the confined environment of the chemical reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Approaches to Mutual Prodrugs: Calcium‐β‐Blockers. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A study of fish communities within North Fishtail Bay. (1993)

Our main objective was to discover the makeup of the fish communities within the bay by studying its microhabitats in detail. We used the techniques learned in the Biology 486 course to explore different questions. What kinds of fish are found in which regions, and how are these different species related? Do food abundance and availability determine which sizes and kinds of fish are present? How does a given habitat change throughout the day?
Output Power Smoothing for Wind Turbine Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generators Using Rotor Inertia (2008)

Abstract Due to wind speed variations, the output power of wind turbines fluctuates. This power fluctuation can cause frequency deviations and power outage, particularly when wind power penetration is significant. Energy storage devices, such as batteries, ultracapacitors, super inductors, and flywheels can be utilized in a hybrid system to solve this problem. These methods are effective, but they impose a significant additional cost to the system. This article presents a novel control method to mitigate the power fluctuations using the rotor inertia as an energy storage component. Therefore, the additional energy storage system is not required. The proposed method is also modified to obtain better energy capturing efficiency. The efficiency of the algorithm is evaluated based on developed equations. The energy extracting capability using this method is comparable to other methods such as the maximum power extraction algorithm. Simulation studies for various cases are performed on a permanent magnet synchronous generator, which verify the theoretical analysis.
Electron dynamics of the buffer layer and bilayer graphene on SiC (2014)

Angle- and time-resolved two-photon photoemission (TPPE) was used to investigate electronic states in the buffer layer of 4H-SiC(0001). An image potential state (IPS) series was observed on this strongly surface-bound buffer layer, and dispersion measurements indicated free-electron-like behavior for all states in this series. These results were compared with TPPE taken on bilayer graphene, which also show the existence of a free-electron-like IPS series. Lifetimes for the n = 2, and n = 3 states were obtained from time-resolved TPPE; slightly increased lifetimes were observed in the bilayer graphene sample for the n = 2 the n = 3 states. Despite the large band gap of graphene at the center of the Brillouin zone, the lifetime results demonstrate that the graphene layers do not behave as a simple tunneling barrier, suggesting that the buffer layer and graphene overlayers play a direct role in the decay of IPS electrons.
Synthesis of vinyl‐terminated isotactic poly(propylene) using the coupling reaction between Zn‐terminated polymer and allyl halides (1994)

Abstract Propene was polymerized with the TiCl 3 /Al(C 2 H 5 ) 2 Cl catalyst system using Zn(C 2 H 5 ) 2 as a chain transfer reagent. The resulting Zn‐terminated poly(propylene) (PP) was then brought into contact with allyl halides (chloride, bromide and iodide) in the presence of N ‐methylimidazole to obtain vinyl‐terminated PP. Allyl bromide gave the highest conversion among these allyl halides. When the coupling reaction was conducted with allyl bromide at 40°C for 24 h, the conversion to the terminal vinyl groups was over 90% for atactic PP and approximately 60% for isotactic PP. The Zn‐polymer bonds of both atactic and isotactic PP were almost quantitatively converted into terminal vinyl groups at 130°C for 3 h.
Low-power electro-optical switch based on a III-V microdisk cavity on a silicon-on-insulator circuit (2009)

We introduce a compact, low-power electro-optical switch on a silicon-on-insulator circuit through heterogeneous integration. A 10&#956;m diameter III-V microdisk cavity is employed as the switching element. Switching of a 10Gbps optical signal is demonstrated by sweeping the bias between -1.1V and +0.9V with 15dB extinction ratio and 1.2ns switching speed.
Circadian pattern of arrythmic death in patients receiving encainide, Flecainide or moricizine in the cardiac arrhythmia (1994)

Our data suggest the possibility of a complex interaction among antiarrhythmic drugs, sympathetic nervous system activation and acute myocardial ischemia. Planning of future antiarrhythmic drug trials will need to take this information into account.
High dynamic range coherent analog links using AM-SSB (2004)

This paper discusses optical analog links that can achieve high dynamic ranges using AM-SSB. The application of single-sideband-carrier (SSB-SC) modulation to high-dynamic-range analog communication is also described.
Observation of Five New Narrow Ωc0 States Decaying to Ξc+K− (2017)

The Ξ_{c}^{+}K^{-} mass spectrum is studied with a sample of pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.3 fb^{-1}, collected by the LHCb experiment. The Ξ_{c}^{+} is reconstructed in the decay mode pK^{-}π^{+}. Five new, narrow excited Ω_{c}^{0} states are observed: the Ω_{c}(3000)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3050)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3066)^{0}, Ω_{c}(3090)^{0}, and Ω_{c}(3119)^{0}. Measurements of their masses and widths are reported.
Characteristics of EGFR family‐mediated HRG signals in human ovarian cancer (1999)

The ability of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family members, EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4, to form homo- and heterodimers after interaction with different ligands expands the signal diversity of these proteins. We investigated their mechanism of activation by exogenous EGF and heregulin (HRG) in human ovarian carcinoma cell lines which express different amounts and combinations of the four receptors. Consistently the predominant interaction after EGF treatment was between EGFR and HER2, whereas activation of HER3 and HER4 depended on the relative abundance of the four receptors in the cells. Remarkably HER3 activation by HRG could occurs independent of HER2, and in one cell line almost no HER4 activation by HRG was detected despite high levels expression. Both EGF and HRG induced activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), but the time course of MAPK activation differed depending on the hetero-dimers induced. EGF and HRG mediated cell growth through the EGFR/HER2 heterodimer and HER4, respectively, but not through HER3 when it was the only HRG receptor expressed and phosphorylated in the cells. These findings reveal a distinct pattern of HRG induced EGFR family interaction in ovarian cancer that is distinct from that described in human breast cancer. Moreover EGF and HRG can exert distinct biological functions depending on the receptor complexes induced in a given ovarian cancer cell line. J. Cell. Biochem. 73:522–532, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Mechanistic Study of the Acid Degradation of Lignin Model Compounds (2012)

Lignin is a major constituent of biomass, which remains underutilized in selective biomass conversion strategies to renewable fuels and chemicals. Here we are interested in understanding the mechanisms related to the acid deconstruction of lignin with a combined theoretical and experimental approach. Two model dimers with a b-O-4 aryl ether linkage (2-phenoxy-1-phenethanol and 2-phenoxy-1-phenyl-1,3 propanediol) and model dimmers with an a-O-4 aryl ether linkage were synthesized and deconstructed in H2SO4. The major products of the acidolysis of the b-O-4 compounds consisted of phenol and two aldehydes, phenylacetaldehyde and benzaldehyde. Quantum mechanical calculations were employed to elucidate possible deconstruction mechanisms with transition state theory. To confirm proposed mechanisms several possible intermediates were studied under similar acidolysis conditions. Although the resonance time for cleavage was on the order several hours, we have shown that the cleavage of the aryl ether linkage affords phenol and aldehydes. We would next like to utilize our mechanism of aryl ether cleavage in actual lignin.
Traveling-wave atom cavity interaction in the single-atom microlaser (1997)

We demonstrated traveling-wave atom-cavity interaction in the single-atom microlaser by tilting the atomic beam from its usual orientation of normal incidence with respect to the cavity mode. Laser-tuning curves, measured for various excitation pulse areas, are in good agreement with one-atom microlaser-maser theory.