gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In-situ imaging of tungsten surface modification under ITER-like transient heat loads (2016)

Experimental research on behavior of rolled tungsten plates under intense transient heat loads generated by a powerful (a total power of up to 7 MW) long-pulse (0.1–0.3 ms) electron beam with full irradiation area of 2 cm2 was carried out. Imaging of the sample by the fast CCD cameras in the NIR range and with illumination by the 532 nm continuous-wave laser was applied for in-situ surface diagnostics during exposure. In these experiments tungsten plates were exposed to heat loads 0.5–1 MJ/m2 with a heat flux factor (Fhf) close to and above the melting threshold of tungsten at initial room temperature. Crack formation and crack propagation under the surface layer were observed during multiple exposures. Overheated areas with excessive temperature over surrounding surface of about 500 K were found on severely damaged samples more than 5 ms after beam ending. The application of laser illumination enables to detect areas of intense tungsten melting near crack edges and crack intersections.
Partial power DC-DC converter for photovoltaic two-stage string inverters (2016)

In order to increase the conversion efficiency in photovoltaic (PV) systems, different configurations and topologies were developed. Depending on the application, the converters used for grid connection are built using one or two conversion stages. The advantages of the converters with a DC-stage are mainly the distributed maximum power point tracking algorithm per PV string, a wider range of operation, higher energy yield and, when required for grid connection, the possibility of voltage regulation. However, the conversion efficiency is lower than configurations with a single stage as the central inverter. Therefore, the proposed work presents a Partial Power DC-DC converter (PPC) which process part of the entire system power, and the surplus power is directly supplied to the output side. A topology is proposed and the details of its operation are explained based on the operating principle. Simulations are performed in order to evaluate the converter performance.
Capri: Achieving Predictable Performance in Cloud Spot Markets (2021)

Large cloud providers offer spot instances at attractive prices to improve resource utilization, resulting in a spot market where users bid for resources and providers alter prices dynamically. As prices surpass bid values, resources may be relinquished from users with low bids. Achieving predictable performance on spot markets is challenging for data analytics workloads because they are very sensitive to preemptions due to the excessive cost of recomputations.We introduce capri, a scheduling system for running cloud data analytics in spot markets in which users may experience periods of degraded performance. capri dynamically predicts the functional relationship between bid and performance, thus helping with managing expectations and bid advice. We propose a new spot market abstraction called the bribe scheduler which delivers differentiated service levels based on bids. capri uses a prediction mechanism built on a queueing approximation of the bribe scheduler. capri dynamically estimates parameters to adapt the queueing model and provide accurate performance predictions in the face of time-varying workloads.We collect measurements using capri running two realistic workloads, imdb and tpcds, and demonstrate the accuracy of our approximation and parameter estimation methodology. We show that capri achieves a median prediction error below 3% in bursty workloads. We find that capri‘s service level prediction is pessimistic as users are likely to experience better performance than they should receive for their bids.
Rapid Prototyping of Lateral Flow Assays (2009)

Principles and characteristics of lateral flow strip assays are reviewed. Recent technology developments permit the use of inexpensive electronic readers for interrogating lateral flow strip test results, thus avoiding the inevitable variation and subjectivity of visual inspection to assess the capture of reporter-labeled analyte on test lines of the strip. Protocols for developing lateral flow assays are described, including two specific case studies for assaying cotinine (a small-molecule metabolite of nicotine) in a competitive format, and assaying HIV antibodies in a sandwich-type assay format.
Pixel-Planes 4: A Summary (1987)

We describe the current state of the Pixel-planes research project, whose goal is to develop powerful raster graphics systems for the next generation of workstations, The first full-scale prototype has been in regular use in our department's computer graphics laboratory since its first demonstration at SIGGRAPH '86, more than a year ago, We describe the final hardware configuration of the prototype system, filling in some of the engineering details heretofore unpublished, Next we outline the programming environment for the machine and summarize the major algorithms that have been developed, Finally we discuss our progress towards a new generation of the Pixel-planes architecture, Pixelplanes 5.
Effects of steam heat treatment on the surface contact angle of Chinese fir (2013)

The aim of this research was to study the effects of heat treatment on the contact angle of Chinese fir to analyze the factors of contact angle change.It is determined that the duration of treatment had significant effect on the contact angle of Chinese fir wood due to the contact angle change curves became more centralized and orderly after specimens heat treated at 180℃.Compared with the untreated wood,the contact angle increased from 51° to 124° after 4 h treatment,hydroxyl absorbance of hydrophilic functional groups decreased from 2.08 to 1.63,carbonyl absorbance decreased from 0.92 to 0.62.The roughness had not significant influence on the contact angle.Heat treatment of the Chinese fir caused surface morphology change,which produced hollowed-out phenomenon.The increasing of Chinese fir contact angle could be used in the places such as outdoor,sauna.
Assembly of ion channel mimics from a modular construction set (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAssembly of ion channel mimics from a modular construction setThomas M. Fyles, Tony D. James, Allana Pryhitka, and Mohammad ZojajiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 26, 7456–7468Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00078a026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00078a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views330Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Author response: A bacteriophage tubulin harnesses dynamic instability to center DNA in infected cells (2014)

For a cell or virus to reproduce, it must duplicate its genome and separate the two copies. In plants and animals, this DNA is stored in the nucleus of each cell in the form of chromosomes, and a complex protein structure called the spindle apparatus is responsible for physically aligning and then separating the duplicated chromosomes. The spindle apparatus is mainly built from a group of proteins called tubulin, which join together end-to-end to form fibers called microtubules. Proteins that interact with the fibers link them to the chromosomes or to one of the two ‘poles’ that sit on opposite sides of the cell. Tubulin proteins are then rapidly added to, or removed from, the other end of the microtubule, lengthening or shortening the structure. The rapid switch between fiber growth and shortening is known as dynamic instability. As these fibers shrink, they pull the pair of chromosomes apart and towards opposite sides of the cell. Viruses that infect bacteria (bacteriophages, or phages for short) replicate their DNA by invading a bacterial cell and hijacking its DNA-replication machinery. In contrast to animals and plants, bacterial cells do not have a cell nucleus, and most bacteria and many phages have genomes comprised of circular DNA rings. Bacteria and phages do share the need to correctly position their DNA in the bacterial cell; but neither bacteria nor phages are known to possess an equivalent to the spindle apparatus that could perform this positioning. A group of bacteriophages were recently found to contain a type of tubulin called PhuZ; however, it was not known if this protein could form a spindle-like apparatus in bacterial cells. Erb, Kraemer et al. now reveal that PhuZ filaments grow and shorten in similar ways to the microtubules in animal and plant cells: PhuZ proteins are rapidly added to or subtracted from just one end of the fiber. Erb, Kraemer et al. believe this is the first time dynamic instability has been confirmed in a tubulin from a cell without a nucleus. Erb, Kraemer et al. infected bacteria with bacteriophages that use PhuZ and observed that long fibers of PhuZ form and arrange into a structure that resembles a simple form of the spindle apparatus. These structures only form if a virus has invaded a cell. During the early stages of infection, viral DNA localizes to the cell poles but rearranges at around the same time that PhuZ fibers form. At this point, the viral DNA moves towards the middle of the bacterial cell with fibers on either side of the DNA, suggesting that the fibers play a role in moving the DNA. While the fast growing ends of the fibers were shown to be highly dynamic, the other ends were stably anchored at the cell poles. Erb, Kraemer et al. propose that this bacteriophage system may be an evolutionary ancestor of the spindle apparatus, although more work is required to confirm this.
Cycle-Accurate Microarchitecture Performance Evaluation (2006)

We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of a circuit we call the Statistics Module that captures cycle-accurate performance data at (or above) the microarchitecture layer. The circuit is deployed introspectively---in the architecture itself--- using an FPGA in the context of a soft-core implementation of a SPARC architecture (LEON). Accessible over the Internet, the circuit can be dynamically configured (without resynthesis) to capture programlevel, function-level, and instruction-level statistics on any subset of predefined VHDL signals. The circuit is deployed outside the actual soft core, so that its operation does not interfere with a program&amp;apos;s execution at any level.
ETBR (2008)

In this paper, we present a novel simulation approach for power grid network analysis. The new approach, called ETBR for extended truncated balanced realization, is based on model order reduction techniques to reduce the circuit matrices before the simulation. Different from the (improved) extended Krylov subspace methods EKS/IEKS [15, 2], ETBR performs fast truncated balanced realization on response Grammian to reduce the original system with the similar computation costs of EKS. ETBR also avoids the adverse explicit moment representation of the input signals. Instead, it uses spectrum representation of input signals by fast Fourier transformation. As a result, ETBR is more flexible for different types of input sources and can better capture the high frequency contents than EKS, and this leads to more accurate results especially for fast changing input signals. Experimental results on a number of large networks (up to one million nodes) show that, given the same order of the reduced model, ETBR is indeed more accurate than the EKS method especially for input sources rich in high-frequency components. ETBR also shows similar computation costs of EKS and less memory consumption than EKS.
Complications after middle ear reconstruction surgery - Is a preoperative or perioperative risk stratification intended? (2019)

Whereas in general surgical disciplines many risk factors risk factors for the development of postoperative complications are well known, comparable data in the field of middle ear surgery are not available. In order to enable preoperative and perioperative risk stratification, a detailed analysis of complication rates and possible influencing factors was carried out for the first time.
An Evolutionary-TDMA Scheduling Protocol (E-TDMA) for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (1998)

A new single channel, time division multiple access (TDMA) schedulingprotocol, termed "Evolutionary-TDMA", is presented for mobile ad hocnetworks. The protocol allows nodes in an ad hoc network to reserveconflict-free TDMA slots for transmission to their neighbors. Two topology-dependent schedules are generated and maintained simultaneously. One is a broadcast schedule inwhich every node has one slot to transmit to all its neighbors. The other isa flexible schedule in which a node can reserve multiple slotsfor transmission of unicast, multicast and broadcast traffic. The schedules are reasonably bandwidth efficient and are frequently updated in an evolutionary manner to maintain conflict-free transmissions. The protocol executes across the entire network simultaneously in a fully distributed and parallel fashion. To react quickly to changing topology and bandwidth demands and to keep overhead low,participating nodes need only coordinate with their one-hop neighbors.Traffic prioritization and Quality of Service (QoS) can be supported with this protocol. Its performance, in terms of both scheduling quality and scheduling overhead, is insensitive to network size. Thus,it is a scalable protocol suitable for very large networks, and networks of varying size.
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines with Lesions in FOXP3 and NF1 (2016)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of blastocyst staged embryos. Spare blastocyst staged embryos were obtained by in vitro fertilization (IVF) and donated for research purposes. hESCs carrying specific mutations can be used as a powerful cell system in modeling human genetic disorders. We obtained preimplantation genetic diagnosed (PGD) blastocyst staged embryos with genetic mutations that cause human disorders and derived hESCs from these embryos. We applied laser assisted micromanipulation to isolate the inner cell mass from the blastocysts and plated the ICM onto the mouse embryonic fibroblast cells. Two hESC lines with lesions in FOXP3 and NF1 were established. Both lines maintain a typical undifferentiated hESCs phenotype and present a normal karyotype. The two lines express a panel of pluripotency markers and have the potential to differentiate to the three germ layers in vitro and in vivo. The hESC lines with lesions in FOXP3 and NF1 are available for the scientific community and may serve as an important resource for research into these disease states.
Characterization of electric-field enhancement leading to circuit-layout dependent damage of low-k films when exposed to processing plasma (2019)

We investigated the effects of Cu-line layouts on plasma-induced radiation damage (PRD) to interline low-k dielectric films. We carried out a finite-element-method-based three-dimensional (3D) electromagnetic simulation (EMS), in which a Drude free-electron model was implemented for the dielectric function of Cu lines. The 3D EMS analysis revealed that the electric field in the low-k films was enhanced for specific Cu-line layouts exposed to N2 plasma irradiation, while no clear electric-field enhancement was observed for Ar plasma exposure. The specific optical emission lines produced in N2 plasmas are the root cause of damage creation in the low-k dielectric films with embedded Cu lines. The 3D EMS analysis predicted that the electric field was enhanced with decreasing the line and space (L/S) widths. The prediction implies that the Cu-line-layout dependent PRD should be more prominent as device dimensions shrink. We verified the predicted results experimentally using devices with low-k films between various L/S Cu lines, in addition to a blanket wafer—without Cu lines. We found that an increasing peak in the low-k dielectric constant appeared at a specific L/S width after N2 plasma exposure and no clear increase in the dielectric constant was observed after Ar plasma exposure. The obtained experimental results are consistent with the 3D EMS analysis. We propose a damage model, where the electric field enhancement plays an important role in the low-k dielectric films with embedded Cu lines. The proposed damage model is indispensable for minimizing PRD and designing Cu layouts in future devices.
Cooperate-and-Access Spectrum Sharing with ARQ-Based Primary Systems (2012)

We consider spectrum sharing in a cognitive radio network where a secondary system co-exists with an automatic repeat-request (ARQ)-based primary system. A cooperate-and-access spectrum sharing protocol is proposed where the secondary system alternates between cooperation and access modes. In the cooperation mode, the secondary system serves as a relay to assist the primary transmission, and in return accumulates credits. The credits allow the secondary system to gain spectrum access by exploiting the ARQ retransmissions of the primary system. We show analytically that through the proposed credit system, as long as the credits accumulated in cooperation mode compensate for the degradation in primary performance during access mode, an equal or higher average throughput is achieved for the primary system than in the case without spectrum sharing, while providing spectrum access opportunities for the secondary system.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and venous thromboembolism after surgery: an international prospective cohort study (2021)

SARS-CoV-2 has been associated with an increased rate of venous thromboembolism in critically ill patients. Since surgical patients are already at higher risk of venous thromboembolism than general populations, this study aimed to determine if patients with peri-operative or prior SARS-CoV-2 were at further increased risk of venous thromboembolism. We conducted a planned sub-study and analysis from an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study of elective and emergency patients undergoing surgery during October 2020. Patients from all surgical specialties were included. The primary outcome measure was venous thromboembolism (pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis) within 30 days of surgery. SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis was defined as peri-operative (7 days before to 30 days after surgery); recent (1-6 weeks before surgery); previous (≥7 weeks before surgery); or none. Information on prophylaxis regimens or pre-operative anti-coagulation for baseline comorbidities was not available. Postoperative venous thromboembolism rate was 0.5% (666/123,591) in patients without SARS-CoV-2; 2.2% (50/2317) in patients with peri-operative SARS-CoV-2; 1.6% (15/953) in patients with recent SARS-CoV-2; and 1.0% (11/1148) in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2. After adjustment for confounding factors, patients with peri-operative (adjusted odds ratio 1.5 (95%CI 1.1-2.0)) and recent SARS-CoV-2 (1.9 (95%CI 1.2-3.3)) remained at higher risk of venous thromboembolism, with a borderline finding in previous SARS-CoV-2 (1.7 (95%CI 0.9-3.0)). Overall, venous thromboembolism was independently associated with 30-day mortality (5.4 (95%CI 4.3-6.7)). In patients with SARS-CoV-2, mortality without venous thromboembolism was 7.4% (319/4342) and with venous thromboembolism was 40.8% (31/76). Patients undergoing surgery with peri-operative or recent SARS-CoV-2 appear to be at increased risk of postoperative venous thromboembolism compared with patients with no history of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Optimal venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment are unknown in this cohort of patients, and these data should be interpreted accordingly.
Two Millimeter-Wave Base Station Cooperation Technologies in High-Mobility Environments for 5G Evolution (2020)

Commercial services in 5G have already started all over the world. The initial 5G introduces analog beamforming (BF) by Massive MIMO (M-MIMO) to compensate for the larger path-loss in millimeter-wave (mmW) bands such as 28 GHz. In 5G Evolution (5GE) that is expected to be realized for around 2025, the analog BF will be replaced with hybrid or fully digital BF to improve mmW-band downlink/uplink transmission performances. In addition, new radio access technologies are required for 5GE to provide stable and reliable cell-edge transmission in the mmW bands, even when mobile stations (MSs) travel in high mobility. This paper proposes two mmW base station cooperation technologies that are inter-baseband unit (inter-BBU) and intra-BBU cooperation for the hybrid BF. The former exploits two M-MIMO antennas in two BBUs connected to one central unit by limited-bandwidth fronthaul, and the latter cooperates two M-MIMO antennas connected to one BBU with Doppler frequency shift compensation. Computer simulations verify that the intra-BBU cooperation can achieve an excellent transmission performance in cases of two and four MSs moving at a velocity of 90 km/h.
Effective removal of mercury(II) from aqueous solutions by chemically modified graphene oxide nanosheets (2018)

Improved graphene oxide (IGO) is chemically modified with chloroacetic acid and ethylene diamine to form carboxylated improved graphene oxide (IGO-COOH), aminated improved graphene oxide (IGO-NH2), and imino-diacetic acid improved graphene oxide (Imino-IGO). These novel solid phase adsorbents are utilized to adsorb mercury ions from aqueous solutions. The IGO, IGO-COOH, IGO-NH2, and Imino-IGO adsorbents are fully characterized by FT-IR, UV–Vis, XPS, XRD, SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy. Batch adsorption experiments are conducted to evaluate the adsorption of Hg(II) ions by IGO, IGO-COOH, and Imino-IGO under different conditions. The effects of pH, adsorbent dose, temperature, contact time, and initial concentrations on the removal of Hg(II) ions are studied. The results reveal that, at pH 5, the maximum adsorption capacity for the removal of mercury (mg Hg/g adsorbent) follows the order: Imino-IGO (230.0) > IGO-COOH (122.0) > IGO (24.0 mg/g), in which mercury ions’ complexation is highly dependent on the concentrations of (NH), and (OH) containing functional groups in the adsorbent. The IGO-COOH, and Imino-IGO adsorbents show 100% removal of Hg(II) at concentrations as low as 10 ppm. The equilibrium isotherms for evaluating the mechanism of adsorption process show good fits to the Langmuir model. The Imino-IGO could retain more than 93.0% of its original adsorption capacity after six adsorption-desorption cycles. All data confirmed that the Imino-IGO is a promising material to extract Hg (II) from wastewater.