gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of Ca2+ in the action of adrenocorticotropin in cultured human adrenal glomerulosa cells. (1996)

The present report details the role of Ca2+ in the early events of ACTH action in human adrenal glomerulosa cells. Threshold stimulations of both aldosterone and cAMP production were obtained with a concentration of 10 pM ACTH, an ED50 of 0.1 nM, and maximal aldosterone stimulation (5.5-fold increase over control) at 10 nM ACTH. ACTH also induced a sustained increase of intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) with maximal stimulation of 1.6 +/- 0.1-fold over control values. This increase does not involve mobilization of calcium from intracellular pools since no response was observed in Ca2+-free medium or in the presence of nifedipine, suggesting the involvement of Ca2+ influx by L-type Ca2+ channels. This was confirmed by patch clamp studies that demonstrated that ACTH stimulates L-type Ca2+ channels. Moreover, the Ca2+ ion is not required for ACTH binding to its receptor, but is essential for sustained cAMP production and aldosterone secretion after ACTH stimulation. These results indicate that, in human adrenal glomerulosa cells, a positive feedback loop between adenylyl cyclase-protein kinase A-Ca2+ channels ensures a slow but sustained [Ca2+]i increase that is responsible for sustained cAMP production and aldosterone secretion.
RFID assisted image annotation system for a portable digital camera (2010)

As for our newly developed smart camera system, a RFID reader is integrated into a digital camera for recognizing user (Who), place (Where) and object (What) that are associated with an image. When an author's RFID tag is detected after the camera system is turned on, corresponding EPC code compliant user information is obtained to perform authentication. All images taken after this would be stored with this attribute indicating the creator of the images. In case other person's RFID tag is detected afterwards, the system recognizes it as the target object that is to be taken into an image. If the detected RFID tag is related to a place, the system records it as the location context. In case GPS is activated at the location, the GPS reading is stored in geotagging format. Unlike computer vision based image annotation process, this new approach could support various geography sensitive imaging services such as an effective image searching on a typical PC. Such a RFID assisted image annotation system enables a highly efficient image classification, archival and retrieval.
Emerging Viruses Are Inactivated by Pasteurization. (2004)

Abstract Emerging zoonotic viruses as West Nile virus (WNV), SARS coronavirus, and avian influenza viruses have raised concern about their potential presence in blood/plasma. However, so far only WNV has been demonstrated to be transmitted via blood transfusion. Pasteurization (heat treatment in aqueous stabilized solution at 60°C for 10 hours) is an integral part of the manufacturing process of ZLB Behring’s coagulation factor concentrates such as Haemate P / Humate-P, Monoclate-P, Beriate P, and Berinin P as well as other plasma-derived medicinal products. Therefore, the virus inactivation capacity of this manufacturing step was evaluated utilizing these emerging viruses or appropriate model viruses in virus spiking studies in order to assess the safety of plasma derivatives. The studies demonstrated that WNV was inactivated very effectively by pasteurization in different plasma derivatives resulting in an inactivation factor of more than 7 log10 and that BVDV (bovine viral diarrhea virus, as WNV a member of the family Flaviviridae) is a suitable model virus for WNV. Furthermore, coronaviruses and influenza viruses, of both avian and human origin, were highly susceptible to inactivation by pasteurization resulting in complete inactivation of virus infectivity within a short period of time. In addition, feline calicivirus, a model virus for hepatitis E virus (HEV), was inactivated very effectively within a short period of time. We demonstrate that pasteurization is an effective method to inactivate the emerging viruses WNV, SARS coronavirus, and avian influenza viruses as well as HEV below detection limit of a sensitive cell culture infectivity assay resulting in a safe plasma derivative.
A retrospective, cross‐sectional study reveals that women with CRSwNP have more severe disease than men (2015)

Up to 50% of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) have comorbid asthma, and we have reported that a subset of CRS patients who have nasal polyps (CRSwNP) have elevated autoantigen-specific antibodies within their nasal polyps (NP). While increases in the prevalence and/or severity of both asthma and autoimmunity in women are well characterized, it is not known whether CRSwNP is more severe or frequent in women than men. We sought to determine whether CRSwNP demonstrated sex-specific differences in frequency and/or severity. Using a retrospectively collected database of tertiary care patients (n = 1393), we evaluated the distribution of sex in patients with CRSwNP with or without comorbid asthma or aspirin hypersensitivity. We further compared the severity of sinus disease between men and women with CRSwNP. Although women comprised 55% of CRS patients without NP (CRSsNP), a significantly smaller proportion of CRSwNP patients were female (38%, P < 0.001). Interestingly, women with CRSwNP were significantly more likely than men to have comorbid asthma (P < 0.001), and 61% of patients with the most severe form of disease (aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (CRSwNP plus asthma plus aspirin sensitivity)) were women (P < 0.05). Women with CRSwNP were significantly more likely to have taken oral steroids, and were more likely to have a history of revision surgeries (P < 0.05) compared to men. These data suggest that women with CRSwNP have more severe disease than men in a tertiary care setting. Future studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms that drive disease severity in men and women, paving the way for the development of personalized treatment strategies for CRSwNP based on sex.
Towards Efficient Quantum Dot-Based Schottky Photovoltaic Cells (2009)

Schottky photovoltaic cells (PVs) based on PbS quantum dot films have recently attracted much research interest due to their ability to harvest solar energy at infrared wavelengths. By engineering the device structure and fabrication methods, we explore several important aspects that determine the performance of PbS QD-based Pvs. Article not available.
A learning approach to improving sentence-level MT evaluation (2004)

The problem of evaluating machine translation (MT) systems is more challenging than it may first appear, as diverse translations can often be considered equally correct. The task is even more difficult when practical circumstances require that evaluation be done automatically over short texts, for instance, during incremental system development and error analysis. While several automatic metrics, such as BLEU, have been proposed and adopted for largescale MT system discrimination, they all fail to achieve satisfactory levels of correlation with human judgments at the sentence level. Here, a new class of metrics based on machine learning is introduced. A novel method involving classifying translations as machine or humanproduced rather than directly predicting numerical human judgments eliminates the need for labor-intensive user studies as a source of training data. The resulting metric, based on support vector machines, is shown to significantly improve upon current automatic metrics, increasing correlation with human judgments at the sentence level halfway toward that achieved by an independent human evaluator. 1
Anticancer Properties of Hexosamine Analogs Designed to Attenuate Metabolic Flux through the Hexosamine Biosynthetic Pathway (2023)

Altered cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer pathogenesis and progression; for example, a near-universal feature of cancer is increased metabolic flux through the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP). This pathway produces uridine diphosphate <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc), a potent oncometabolite that drives multiple facets of cancer progression. In this study, we synthesized and evaluated peracetylated hexosamine analogs designed to reduce flux through the HBP. By screening a panel of analogs in pancreatic cancer and glioblastoma multiform (GBM) cells, we identified Ac<sub>4</sub>Glc2Bz─a benzyl-modified GlcNAc mimetic─as an antiproliferative cancer drug candidate that down-regulated oncogenic metabolites and reduced GBM cell motility at concentrations non-toxic to non-neoplastic cells. More specifically, the growth inhibitory effects of Ac<sub>4</sub>Glc2Bz were linked to reduced levels of UDP-GlcNAc and concomitant decreases in protein O-GlcNAc modification in both pancreatic cancer and GBM cells. Targeted metabolomics analysis in GBM cells showed that Ac<sub>4</sub>Glc2Bz disturbed glucose metabolism, amino acid pools, and nucleotide precursor biosynthesis, consistent with reduced proliferation and other anti-oncogenic properties of this analog. Furthermore, Ac<sub>4</sub>Glc2Bz reduced the invasion, migration, and stemness of GBM cells. Importantly, normal metabolic functions mediated by UDP-GlcNAc were not disrupted in non-neoplastic cells, including maintenance of endogenous levels of O-GlcNAcylation with no global disruption of N-glycan production. Finally, a pilot <i>in vivo</i> study showed that a potential therapeutic window exists where animals tolerated 5- to 10-fold higher levels of Ac<sub>4</sub>Glc2Bz than projected for <i>in vivo</i> efficacy. Together, these results establish GlcNAc analogs targeting the HBP through salvage mechanisms as a new therapeutic approach to safely normalize an important facet of aberrant glucose metabolism associated with cancer.
Harnessing the surface structure to enable high-performance cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2020)

The impact of surface structure and interface reconstruction on the electrochemical performances of lithium-ion battery cathode materials is summarized.
Electrocardiographic Modeling Of The Fiber Orientation Of The Skeletal Muscle Layer (2005)

The effectiveness of including variable thickness and fiber orientation characteristics of the skeletal muscle layer in calculations relating epicardial and torso potentials was examined in this study. The comparison of calculated and measured torso potentials indicates that a simple model consisting of a uniformly anisotropic skeletal muscle layer of 1.0 to 1.5 cm constant thickness significantly improves the model. However, when more detailed data about the variation in skeletal muscle thickness or fiber orientation is introduced into the model, the agreement between calculated and measured torso potentials decreased, although a finite element mesh of over 5000 nodes was used to describe the skeletal muscle in the more detailed model.
Comprehensive Characterization of Silicon Photomultipliers for Nuclear Security Applications (2017)

Scintillation detectors are an essential instrument in a variety of fields, serving as an effective means of detecting radiation for industrial, defense, medical, and basic-research applications. Light sensors are an integral part of all scintillation detectors and can affect detector performance as much as the scintillator itself. The photomultiplier tube (PMT) has been the standard light sensor for over half a century, but alternatives have been developed recently, and the silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) is perhaps the most promising of these new technologies. SiPMs can produce gains of the same order of magnitude as most PMTs and have shown reduced noise levels in the newest generations. Additionally, they posses benefits characteristic of solid-state devices such as insensitivity to magnetic fields, mechanical ruggedness, compactness, low operating voltages, and high quantum efficiencies. The timing properties of light sensors are an important characteristic for many applications, including nuclear security. For example, accurate timing is necessary for time of flight experiments, scatter cameras, and background suppression. This work aims to characterize the time resolution of many commercially available new-generation SiPMs, specifically in a time-coincidence setting. SiPMs have been acquired from five leading manufacturers possessing a variety of pixel and microcell sizes. Results are presented with an organic scintillator p-terphenyl and coincidence time resolution of less than 300 picoseconds is achieved. Comparison with PMTs shows that the PMT pair tested has a superior time resolution of 83 picoseconds.
Statistical test with differential privacy for medical decision support systems (2022)

Several statistical testing methods have been employed to offer accessible analysis regarding medical data for medical decision support systems (MDSSs), with the Chi-squared test among the most widely used option. Critics have noted, however, that presenting such data risks exposing individual attribute values. This chapter will demonstrate how the findings of statistical analysis can inadvertently reveal individual attribute values. It will then show how advanced differential privacy systems, such as those utilized by companies including Google and Apple, can be used to protect individual attribute values while conducting extremely precise Chi-squared tests.
Dynamic transmission mode selection in LTE/LTE-Advanced system (2010)

Recently, the LTE (Long Term Evolution) and LTE-Advanced systems, developed by the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project), has been proposed as the candidate for the 4G systems (forth mobile communication systems). The combination of OFDM (orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) and MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output) transmission technologies has been introduced into LTE systems for achieving high system performance required by 4G systems. Furthermore, the closed-loop concept with codebook based precoding MIMO and dynamic transmission mode selection, termed as RI (rank indicator) selection, have also been deployed in LTE systems to provide robust link connection and large cell coverage. In this manuscript, the authors focused on the study of dynamic transmission mode selection and its implementation in LTE systems. Different RI selection schemes were proposed in this manuscript with the corresponding downlink performance evaluation. According to the analytical and numerical results, the authors conclude that the mutual information based scheme is the best candidate for RI selection in LTE/LTE-Advanced compliant systems.
Local delivery of low-dose anti–CTLA-4 to the melanoma lymphatic basin leads to systemic T reg reduction and effector T cell activation (2022)

Preclinical studies show that locoregional CTLA-4 blockade is equally effective in inducing tumor eradication as systemic delivery, without the added risk of immune-related side effects. This efficacy is related to access of the CTLA-4 blocking antibodies to tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs). Local delivery of anti-CTLA-4 after surgical removal of primary melanoma, before sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB), provides a unique setting to clinically assess the role of TDLN in the biological efficacy of locoregional CTLA-4 blockade. Here, we have evaluated the safety, tolerability, and immunomodulatory effects in the SLN and peripheral blood of a single dose of tremelimumab [a fully human immunoglobulin gamma-2 (IgG2) mAb directed against CTLA-4] in a dose range of 2 to 20 mg, injected intradermally at the tumor excision site 1 week before SLNB in 13 patients with early-stage melanoma (phase 1 trial; NCT04274816). Intradermal delivery was safe and well tolerated and induced activation of migratory dendritic cell (DC) subsets in the SLN. It also induced profound and durable decreases in regulatory T cell (T<sub>reg</sub>) frequencies and activation of effector T cells in both SLN and peripheral blood. Moreover, systemic T cell responses against NY-ESO-1 or MART-1 were primed or boosted (<i>N</i> = 7), in association with T cell activation and central memory T cell differentiation. These findings indicate that local administration of anti-CTLA-4 may offer a safe and promising adjuvant treatment strategy for patients with early-stage melanoma. Moreover, our data demonstrate a central role for TDLN in the biological efficacy of CTLA-4 blockade and support TDLN-targeted delivery methods.
Recent Innovations in Minimally Invasive Surgery and Implications for Gynecology (2009)

Advances in minimally invasive surgery (MIS) have dramatically changed the approach to many gynecologic diseases. Three MIS innovations that have recently been introduced or reintroduced are robotic surgery, natural orifice transluminal surgery (NOTES), and single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS). All three offer both advantages and disadvantages, compared to traditional laparoscopy. Of these three developing technologies, robotic surgery is likely to have the largest impact on clinical care. Despite a long history of MIS in gynecology, technologic advances are finding more clinical applications in the fields of general surgery and urology. Gynecologists should continue to be engaged in the development and application of advances in MIS. (J GYNECOL SURG 25:67)
<title>New optical and electric-field-assisted fluidic pick-and-place technique</title> (2000)

Electrophoresis is a classical electrochemical transport process, which is based on the migration of charged particles in a suspension by the influence of an electric field. One of the important applications of this technique is the study of DNA/RNA hybridization on bio-electronic chips. However, electrophoretic pick and place techniques are currently limited to the serial `pick' and `place' of individual devices or materials. There is a need for the rapid and parallel pick-and-place of individual devices to particular locations on a host substrate. In this paper, we present a novel electrochemical system for non-lithographic, field assisted, fluidic pick and place assembly of devices on a silicon substrate by means of electrical and optical addressing. The methodology presented here can be applied to massively parallel assembly of large semiconductor arrays (&gt; 1000 X 1000) with fast (approximately a few seconds) and accurate positioning for a wide range of device sizes (0.8 - 100 micrometers ).
Minimal information for reporting a genomics experiment (2022)

Exome and genome sequencing has facilitated the identification of hundreds of genes and other regions that are recurrently mutated in hematologic neoplasms. The data sets from these studies theoretically provide opportunities. Quality differences between data sets can confound secondary analyses. We explore the consequences of these on the conclusions from some recent studies of B-cell lymphomas. We highlight the need for a minimum reporting standard to increase transparency in genomic research.
Modulation systems for galvanometer controlled temperature (1968)

Two modulation systems are described. In the first one a triangular wave voltage is used to modulate a thermocouple signal. Together with this system is given a description of a new galvanometer relay system wherein the drift of the photosensitive resistors in the galvanometer is of no importance. Secondly a description is given of a simple way of modulating a Wheatstone bridge with an indirectly heated negative temperature coefficient resistor. Both systems enable temperature control to ±0·01 degC.
Heterologous Production of 4-O-Demethylbarbamide, a Marine Cyanobacterial Natural Product (2012)

Heterologous expression of the barbamide biosynthetic gene cluster, obtained from the marine cyanobacterium Moorea producens, in the terrestrial actinobacterium Streptomyces venezuelae, resulted in the production of a new barbamide congener 4-O-demethylbarbamide, demonstrating the potential of this approach for investigating the assembly and tailoring of complex marine natural products.
Discovery of Novel Allosteric Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinase (MEK) 1,2 Inhibitors Possessing Bidentate Ser212 Interactions (2012)

Using structure-based design, two novel series of highly potent biaryl amine mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitors have been discovered. These series contain an H-bond acceptor, in a shifted position compared with previously disclosed compounds, and an adjacent H-bond donor, resulting in a bidentate interaction with the Ser212 residue of MEK1. The most potent compound identified, 1 (G-894), is orally active in in vivo pharmacodynamic and tumor xenograft models.
An efficient approach to ARMA modeling of biological systems with multiple inputs and delays (1996)

This paper presents a new approach to AutoRegressive Moving Average (ARMA or ARX) modeling which automatically seeks the best model order to represent investigated linear, time invariant systems using their input/output data. The algorithm seeks the ARMA parameterization which accounts for variability in the output of the system due to input activity and contains the fewest number of parameters required to do so. The unique characteristics of the proposed system identification algorithm are its simplicity and efficiency in handling systems with delays and multiple inputs. We present results of applying the algorithm to simulated data and experimental biological data In addition, a technique for assessing the error associated with the impulse responses calculated from estimated ARMA parameterizations is presented. The mapping from ARMA coefficients to impulse response estimates is nonlinear, which complicates any effort to construct confidence bounds for the obtained impulse responses. Here a method for obtaining a linearization of this mapping is derived, which leads to a simple procedure to approximate the confidence bounds.
In Vitro Comparison of Two Delivery Devices for Administering Formoterol: Foradil ® P and Formoterol Ratiopharm Single-Dose Capsule Inhaler (2006)

Formoterol, a long-acting beta (2)-agonist with a rapid onset of bronchodilation, is available in various delivery devices. However, differences in the size and uniformity of drug particles generated by different devices may result in variable clinical effects. The present study compared in vitro the aerodynamic particle size distribution, emitted dose and device resistance of formoterol delivered via Foradil Aerolizer (Foradil P) with those a non-proprietary single-dose capsule inhaler (ratiopharm), using an 8-stage Andersen Cascade Impactor set at a flow of 60 L/min. Relative to the formoterol ratiopharm capsule inhaler, Foradil Aerolizer produced particles with a smaller mass median aerodynamic diameter (3.5 vs. 4.1 microm, p = 0.018) and a smaller measured particle diameter distribution (geometric standard deviation 2.2 vs. 2.5, p = 0.048). The Foradil Aerolizer produced a 44% higher fine particle dose than the single-dose capsule inhaler (2.6 vs. 1.8 microg, p = 0.0001). Although the single-dose capsule inhaler produced a higher total emitted dose than that from Foradil Aerolizer (11.2 vs. 10.0 microg, p = 0.155, not significant), the respirable fraction from Foradil Aerolizer was 58% higher (25.7 vs. 16.3%, p = 2 x 10(8)). Both devices had a similarly low airflow resistance. These relative particle size profiles suggest that the Aerolizer may provide a more clinically effective delivery of formoterol to the lungs at the high inspiratory flows such as are typically achieved using this device.