gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An approach to the total synthesis of dendrobine (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAn approach to the total synthesis of dendrobinePeter J. Connolly and Clayton H. HeathcockCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 21, 4135–4144Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00221a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00221a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views737Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Loss of mesothelin expression by mesothelioma cells grown in vitro determines sensitivity to anti-mesothelin immunotoxin SS1P. (2012)

Most mesothelioma tumors loose mesothelin when grown in vitro and the sensitivity of these cells to SS1P is dependent on the number of mesothelin sites/cell.
99% Efficient 10 kV SiC-Based 7 kV/400 V DC Transformer for Future Data Centers (2018)

The power supply chain of data centers from the medium voltage (MV) utility grid down to the chip-level voltage consists of many series connected power conversion stages and accordingly shows a relatively low efficiency. Solid-state transformers (SSTs) could improve the efficiency by substantially reducing the number of power conversion stages and/or directly interfacing the MV ac grid to a 400 V dc bus, from where server racks with a power consumption of several tens of kilowatts could be supplied by individual SSTs. The recent development of SiC MOSFETs with a blocking voltage of 10 kV enables the realization of a simple and, hence, highly reliable two-stage SST topology, consisting of an ac/dc power factor correction rectifier and a subsequent isolated dc/dc converter. In this context, an isolated 25 kW, 48 kHz, 7 kV to 400 V series resonant dc/dc converter based on 10 kV SiC MOSFETs is realized and tested in this paper. To achieve zero voltage switching of all MOSFETs, a special modulation scheme to actively control the amount of the switched magnetizing current on the MV- and low voltage-sides is implemented. Furthermore, the design of all main components and, especially, the electrical insulation of the employed medium-frequency transformer are discussed in detail. Calorimetric efficiency measurements show that a full-load efficiency of 99.0% is achieved, while the power density reaches 3.8 kW/L (63 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ).
Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Analysis of Isoform-Selective Retinoic Acid Receptor β Ligands (2009)

We recently discovered the isoform selective RAR beta 2 ligand 4'-octyl-4-biphenylcarboxylic acid (3, AC-55649). Although 3 is highly potent at RAR beta 2 and displays excellent selectivity, solubility issues make it unsuitable for drug development. Herein we describe the exploration of the SAR in a biphenyl and a phenylthiazole series of analogues of 3. This ultimately led to the design of 28, a novel, orally available ligand with excellent isoform selectivity for the RAR beta 2.
Multistep Microchemical Synthesis Enabled by Microfluidic Distillation (2009)

Microchemical solvent switch: A continuous-flow, multistep Heck synthesis was made possible by integrating microreactors, liquid–liquid extraction, and microfluidic distillation. The microfluidic distillation enabled solvent exchange from CH2Cl2 in the first reaction step to N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) in the final reaction step. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Acute mast cell-dependent neutrophil recruitment in the skin is mediated by KC and LFA-1: inhibitory mechanisms of dexamethasone (2002)

This study examined adhesive and signaling pathways and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of dexamethasone in acute mast cell-dependent neutrophil recruitment in the skin in mice. Mast cell activation dose- and time-dependently triggered influx of predominately neutrophils and secretion of cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant (KC). Neutralization of KC attenuated neutrophil recruitment upon mast cell activation. Mast cell activation- and KC-induced neutrophil responses were significantly decreased in lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)-deficient mice. Dexamethasone inhibited neutrophil accumulation elicited by mast cell activation. It is interesting that dexamethasone significantly reduced the mast cell-dependent secretion of KC, whereas neutrophil recruitment induced by exogenous KC was insensitive to dexamethasone treatment. Thus, KC is a fundamental mediator of neutrophil recruitment in acute mast cell-dependent skin inflammation, and mast cell activation- and KC-induced neutrophil responses are LFA-1-dependent. Moreover, dexamethasone inhibits mast cell-regulated skin infiltration of neutrophils mainly by attenuating KC secretion. Thus, this study elucidates important interactions between chemokines and adhesion molecules in mast cell-dependent neutrophil recruitment and provides new insight into mechanisms of dexamethasone in skin inflammation.
Anionic Hetero[3,3] and [3,5] Rearrangements of Hydroxylamine Derivatives Accompanied with N-O Bond Cleavage (1994)

Aromatic and aliphatic N,O-divinylhydroxylamine systems generated in situ from hydroxylamine derivatives smoothly undergo [3,3] rearrangement. The base-catalyzed formation and rearrangement of enolates or dienolates of N-aryl-O-acylhydroxylamines, N,O- diacylhydroxylamines and N-acylhydroxylamine-O-carbamates result in C-C or C-N bond formation with cleavage of the N -O bond.
Influence of misfit strain on the physical properties of Fe thin films (2022)

We investigate the growth of thin Fe layers on MgAl2O4 (001) and MgO (001) substrates using dc magnetron sputtering. The crystal quality of Fe layers deposited on MgAl2O4 is found to be substantially higher as compared to Fe grown on MgO substrates. The effects of the crystal quality on the magnetic and electronic transport properties are discussed.
Biological and biosynthetic properties of poly-l-malate (1992)

β-Poly-l-malate (PMA) is a highly soluble polyanion specifically synthesized during the plasmodial stage of the life cycle in Physarum polycephalum. The polymer partitions in a growth-dependent fashion between cell nuclei, the cytoplasm and the culture medium, where it is slowly hydrolyzed. It strongly interacts with certain soluble nuclear proteins suggesting the function as a mobile matrix involved in stock-piling of such molecules and required in the synchronization of the nuclear cell division typical for plasmodia. It is synthesized continuously over the cell cycle during growth involving a PMA polymerase that seems genetically related to the enzyme catalyzing in certain bacteria the polymerization of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate.
Image Classification to Improve Printing Quality of Mixed-Type Documents (2009)

Functional image classification is the assignment of different image types to separate classes to optimize their rendering for reading or other specific end task, and is an important area of research in the publishing and multi-Average industries. This paper presents recent research on optimizing the simultaneous classification of documents, photos and logos. Each of these is handled during printing with a class-specific pipeline of image transformation algorithms, and misclassification results in pejorative imaging effects. This paper reports on replacing an existing classifier with a Weka-based classifier that simultaneously improves accuracy (from 85.3% to 90.8%) and performance (from 1458 msec to 418 msec/image). Generic subsampling of the images further improved the performance (to 199 msec/image) with only a modest impact on accuracy (to 90.4%). A staggered subsampling approach, finally, improved both accuracy (to 96.4%) and performance (to 147 msec/image) for the Weka-base classifier. This approach did not appreciable benefit the HP classifier (85.4% accuracy, 497 msec/image). These data indicate staggered subsampling using the optimized Weka classifier substantially improves the classification accuracy and performance without resulting in additional “egregious” misclassifications (assigning photos or logos to the “document” class).
Associations of Microvascular Complications With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in Type 1 Diabetes (2021)

&lt;b&gt;Objective:&lt;/b&gt; We examined whether the presence of microvascular complications was associated with increased subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among participants with type 1 diabetes in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial and Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications (DCCT/EDIC) Study followed for over 35 years. &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Research Design and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Standardized longitudinal data collection included: 1) stereoscopic seven-field retinal fundus photography centrally-graded for retinopathy stage and clinically significant macular edema; 2) urinary albumin excretion rate (AER) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR); 3) cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) reflex testing; and 4) adjudicated CVD events, including death from cardiovascular disease, nonfatal myocardial infarction, stroke, subclinical myocardial infarction on ECG, confirmed angina, or coronary artery revascularization. Cox proportional hazard models assessed the association of microvascular complications with subsequent risk of CVD. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; 239 participants developed CVD, including 120 participants who suffered major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal stroke or cardiovascular death. The presence of microvascular disease (diabetic retinopathy, kidney disease, or CAN) was associated with increased risk of subsequent CVD and MACE (hazard ratios 1.86 to 3.18 and 2.09 to 3.63, respectively); associations that remained significant after adjusting for age and HbA1c. After adjustment for traditional CVD risk factors, however, only sustained AER≥30 mg/24hr occurring alone and/or with eGFR&lt;60 ml/min/1.73m, and the presence of both retinal and kidney disease remained associated with CVD. &lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Advanced microvascular disease, especially moderate to severe albuminuria or eGFR&lt;60 ml/min/1.73m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;, conveyed an increased risk of subsequent cardiovascular disease in the DCCT/EDIC cohort. &lt;/p&gt;
High-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers efficiently coupled to optical fibers (1993)

Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSEL’s) are important candidates for optical-interconnection and optical-signal-processing applications. Their technology permits integration of numerous devices into two-dimensional arrays on a single chip for large-scale interconnections without the limiting parasitics of electrical interconnects. An important measure of VCSEL performance as an optical link is the power coupled to an optical fiber, which can limit transmission distance and bandwidth.
Split Batch Normalization: Improving Semi-Supervised Learning under Domain Shift (2019)

Recent work has shown that using unlabeled data in semi-supervised learning is not always beneficial and can even hurt generalization, especially when there is a class mismatch between the unlabeled and labeled examples. We investigate this phenomenon for image classification on the CIFAR-10 and the ImageNet datasets, and with many other forms of domain shifts applied (e.g. salt-and-pepper noise). Our main contribution is Split Batch Normalization (Split-BN), a technique to improve SSL when the additional unlabeled data comes from a shifted distribution. We achieve it by using separate batch normalization statistics for unlabeled examples. Due to its simplicity, we recommend it as a standard practice. Finally, we analyse how domain shift affects the SSL training process. In particular, we find that during training the statistics of hidden activations in late layers become markedly different between the unlabeled and the labeled examples.
Nonlinearities in balanced armature transducers (2020)

Electromagnetic transducers using a balanced armature play an important role in hearing aids and in-ear headphones because they generate required sound output at high efficiency. This paper investigates the transfer behavior at high amplitudes and develops a lumped parameter model of this transducer that considers the nonlinearities caused by the geometry and material properties. This model is a basis for optimal transducer design, adjusting the armature in production and actively canceling the nonlinear distortion through nonlinear, adaptive control.
Fluorescence Excitation−Emission Matrix Regional Integration to Quantify Spectra for Dissolved Organic Matter (2003)

Excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy has been widely used to characterize dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water and soil. However, interpreting the > 10,000 wavelength-dependent fluorescence intensity data points represented in EEMs has posed a significant challenge. Fluorescence regional integration, a quantitative technique that integrates the volume beneath an EEM, was developed to analyze EEMs. EEMs were delineated into five excitation-emission regions based on fluorescence of model compounds, DOM fractions, and marine waters or freshwaters. Volumetric integration under the EEM within each region, normalized to the projected excitation-emission area within that region and dissolved organic carbon concentration, resulted in a normalized region-specific EEM volume (phi(i,n)). Solid-state carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra, and EEMs were obtained for standard Suwannee River fulvic acid and 15 hydrophobic or hydrophilic acid, neutral, and base DOM fractions plus nonfractionated DOM from wastewater effluents and rivers in the southwestern United States. DOM fractions fluoresced in one or more EEM regions. The highest cumulative EEM volume (phi(T,n) = sigma phi(i,n)) was observed for hydrophobic neutral DOM fractions, followed by lower phi(T,n) values for hydrophobic acid, base, and hydrophilic acid DOM fractions, respectively. An extracted wastewater biomass DOM sample contained aromatic protein- and humic-like material and was characteristic of bacterial-soluble microbial products. Aromatic carbon and the presence of specific aromatic compounds (as indicated by solid-state 13C NMR and FTIR data) resulted in EEMs that aided in differentiating wastewater effluent DOM from drinking water DOM.
Oxidant stress in mitochondrial DNA damage, autophagy and inflammation in atherosclerosis (2013)

Our studies in HUVECs show that ox-LDL induced autophagy and damaged mtDNA leading to TLR9 expression. LOX-1 antibody or the ROS inhibitor apocynin attenuated ox-LDL-mediated autophagy, mtDNA damage and TLR9 expression, suggesting that these events are LOX-1 and ROS-dependent phenomena. Experiments using siRNA to DNase II indicated that DNase II digests mtDNA to protect the tissue from inflammation. Next, we studied and found intense autophagy, TLR9 expression and inflammatory signals (CD45 and CD68) in the aortas of LDLR knockout mice fed high cholesterol diet. Deletion of LOX-1 (LDLR/LOX-1 double knockout mice) attenuated autophagy, TLR9 expression as well as CD45 and CD68. Damaged mtDNA signal was also very high in LDLR knockout mice aortas, and this signal was attenuated by LOX-1 deletion. Thus, it appears that oxidative stress-mediated damaged mtDNA that escapes autophagy induces a potent inflammatory response in atherosclerosis.
Single-step radiosynthesis and in vivo evaluation of a novel fluorine-18 labeled hippurate for use as a PET renal agent (2012)

Abstract Objective The objective of this study was to investigate a new fluorine-18 labeled hippurate, m -cyano- p -[ 18 F]fluorohippurate ([ 18 F]CNPFH), as a potential radiopharmaceutical for evaluating renal function by PET. Methods [ 18 F]CNPFH was synthesized by a direct one-step nucleophilic aromatic substitution using an 18 F-for-[N(CH 3 ) 3 ] + -reaction. In vivo stability was determined by HPLC analysis of urine collected from a healthy rat at 30min p.i. of [ 18 F]CNPFH. The plasma protein binding (PPB) and erythrocyte uptake of [ 18 F]CNPFH were determined using blood collected from healthy rats at 5min p.i. Biodistribution studies were conducted in healthy rats at 10min and 1h p.i. of [ 18 F]CNPFH. Dynamic PET/CT imaging data were acquired in normal rats. For comparison, the same rats underwent an identical imaging study using the previously reported p -[ 18 F]fluorohippurate ([ 18 F]PFH) renal agent. Results [ 18 F]CNPFH demonstrated high in vivo stability with no metabolic degradation. The in vivo PPB and erythrocyte uptake of [ 18 F]CNPFH were found to be comparable to those of [ 18 F]PFH. Biodistribution and dynamic PET/CT imaging studies revealed a rapid clearance of [ 18 F]CNPFH primarily through the renal–urinary pathway. However, unlike [ 18 F]PFH, a minor (about 12%) fraction was eliminated via the hepatobiliary route. The PET-derived [ 18 F]CNPFH renograms revealed an average time-to-peak (T max ) of 3.2±0.4min which was similar to [ 18 F]PFH, but the average time-to-half-maximal activity (11.4±2.8min) was found to be higher than that of [ 18 F]PFH (7.1±1.3min). Conclusions Our in vivo results indicate that [ 18 F]CNPFH has renogram characteristics similar to those of [ 18 F]PFH, however, the unexpected hepatobiliary elimination is adding undesirable background signal in the PET images.
Toward minimally invasive, continuous glucose monitoring in vivo (2012)

Diabetes mellitus is a disorder of glucose metabolism and it is one of the most challenging diseases, both from a medical and economic perspective. People with diabetes can benefit from a frequent or even continuous monitoring of their blood glucose concentrations. The approach presented here takes advantage of the observational nature of biomedical vibrational spectroscopy in contrast to chemical reactions which consume glucose. The particular technique employed here is based on the high sensitivity of mid-infrared transmission spectroscopy where strong vibrational bands of glucose can be monitored at wavelengths around 10 &#956;m. The strong absorption of water in this spectral region was mitigated by the use of quantum cascade lasers and very short interaction path lengths below 50 &#956;m. Various sensor concepts have been explored. In one of the concepts, the interaction of mid-infrared radiation with glucose is established within a miniature measurement cavity, formed by a gap between two silver halide fibers. In recent experiments, an additional quantum cascade laser was used for reference purposes. The long-term drift could significantly be reduced for time intervals &gt; 1000 s, e. g., by more than 60% for a 3 hour interval. This extension for the compensation of long-term drifts of the measurement system in vitro is an important contribution towards the applicability in vivo.
Similarity clustering of dimensions for an enhanced visualization of multidimensional data (2002)

The order and arrangement of dimensions (variates) is crucial for the effectiveness of a large number of visualization techniques such as parallel coordinates, scatterplots, recursive pattern, and many others. We describe a systematic approach to arrange the dimensions according to their similarity. The basic idea is to rearrange the data dimensions such that dimensions showing a similar behavior are positioned next to each other. For the similarity clustering of dimensions, we need to define similarity measures which determine the partial or global similarity of dimensions. We then consider the problem of finding an optimal one- or two-dimensional arrangement of the dimensions based on their similarity. Theoretical considerations show that both, the one- and the two-dimensional arrangement problem are surprisingly hard problems, i.e. they are NP complete. Our solution of the problem is therefore based on heuristic algorithms. An empirical evaluation using a number of different visualization techniques shows the high impact of our similarity clustering of dimensions on the visualization results.
Introducing Petri Nets (2008)

This chapter contains sections titled: About Petri Nets About Languages About PETRIFY Illustrating Petri Nets Labeled Nets Bounded Nets Observation Equivalence of LPNs From Blot to Petri Nets Liveness and Persistence Simple Reduction Rules Marked Graphs A Simple Net Algebra Arc-Weighted Nets Readers–Writers System Inhibitor Nets True Concurrency Further Reading Selected Solutions References