gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Improved Synthesis of Isonitrosoacetanilides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Melt-texturing of carbon containing YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x}: Influence of processing parameters on microstructure and flux-pinning behavior (1994)

A detailed study of the flux-pinning behavior of sintered and melt-textured YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 7-x} has been carried out by means of microstructural investigations (optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, EDS, DTA, and XRD) and magnetization measurements. It was found that both microstructure and magnetization behavior strongly depend on the starting material, the production method, and the maximum processing temperature. In our experiments, the critical current density, J{sub c}, increased with increasing processing temperature between 920{degrees}C and 1050{degrees}C (25 - 130 emu/cm{sup 3}), but those samples processed at temperatures just above the peritectic transformation point (1020 OC and 1030 OC) exhibited a decreased J{sub c}. The carbon content of the starting powder and the powder`s melting behavior seem to play an important role in the development of microstructure and flux-pinning behavior during melt-texturing. A comparison of our data with previously published results shows that an optimized melt-texturing process can result in materials with critical current densities comparable to those of samples produced by Quench-Melt Growth.
Flow karyotyping: current status and potential development (1976)

Suspensions of metaphase chromosomes from Chinese hamster, Indian muntjac and human tissue culture cells were stained for DNA with the fluorochrome, ethidium bromide, and analyzed by flow cytometry to produce a DNA distribution or flow karyotype unique for each species. The flow karyotype is a representation and chromosomal DNA content and relative chromosome frequency. The time for the measurement and data reduction is about ten minutes per 10/sup 6/ chromosomes. Aberrant chromosomes have been detected by flow karyotype changes. Improvements of flow karyotyping and the feasibility of this technique for monitoring human populations for cytogenetic alterations are discussed. (auth)
A common variant near the KCNJ2 gene is associated with T-peak to T-end interval (2012)

Background T-peak to T-end (TPE) interval on the electrocardiogram is a measure of myocardial dispersion of repolarization and is associated with an increased risk of ventricular arrhythmias. The genetic factors affecting the TPE interval are largely unknown. Objective To identify common genetic variants that affect the duration of the TPE interval in the general population. Methods We performed a genome-wide association study on 1870 individuals of Finnish origin participating in the Health 2000 Study. The TPE interval was measured from T-peak to T-wave end in leads II, V 2 , and V 5 on resting electrocardiograms, and the mean of these TPE intervals was adjusted for age, sex, and Cornell voltage-duration product. We sought replication for a genome-wide significant result in the 3745 subjects from the Framingham Heart Study. Results We identified a locus on 17q24 that was associated with the TPE interval. The minor allele of the common variant rs7219669 was associated with a 1.8-ms shortening of the TPE interval ( P = 1.1 × 10 −10 ). The association was replicated in the Framingham Heart Study (−1.5 ms; P = 1.3 × 10 −4 ). The overall effect estimate of rs7219669 in the 2 studies was −1.7 ms ( P = 5.7 × 10 −14 ). The common variant rs7219669 maps downstream of the KCNJ2 gene, in which rare mutations cause congenital long and short QT syndromes. Conclusion The common variant rs7219669 is associated with the TPE interval and is thus a candidate to modify repolarization-related arrhythmia susceptibility in individuals carrying the major allele of this polymorphism.
Inaccessibility of tryptophan residues of recombinant human renin to quenching agents. (1987)

The fluorescence quenching of the three tryptophan residues of recombinant human renin was determined using ionic and penetrating quenchers. Tryptophans 44,200, and 312 of recombinant human renin were found to be totally inaccessible to the ionic quenchers cesium and iodide and only partially accessible to the penetrating quencher acrylamide. The renin had a fluorescence emission maximum at 325 nm which was made up of three separate components as determined by second derivative spectroscopy. These data are in accord with solvent accessibility calculations from three-dimensional models of human renin but differ from findings published previously from similar analysis of mouse submandibular gland renin (Quay, S. C., Heropoulous, A., Commes, K., Dzau, V. J. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 15055-15058), which is 68% identical in sequence to human renin.
Response to Dr Stephen Cooper's ‘On the use of metaphor to understand, explain, or rationalize redundant genes in yeast’ (2008)

Earlier use of a metaphor in explaining genetic redundancy in a news article has triggered a commentary and a competing metaphor by Dr Stephen Cooper, who went on to conclude that genetic redundancies are relatively unimportant for microorganisms. We argue here that the new metaphor is flawed and that genetic redundancies are integral to buffering all organisms against environmental and genetic damage.
Quantum information approach to the implementation of a neutron cavity (2023)

Abstract Using the quantum information model of dynamical diffraction we consider a neutron cavity composed of two perfect crystal silicon blades capable of containing the neutron wavefunction. We show that the internal confinement of the neutrons through Bragg diffraction can be modelled by a quantum random walk. Furthermore, we introduce a toolbox for modelling crystal imperfections such as surface roughness and defects. Good agreement is found between the simulation and the experimental implementation, where leakage beams are present, modelling of which is impractical with the conventional theory of dynamical diffraction. Analysis of the standing neutron waves is presented in regards to the crystal geometry and parameters; and the conditions required for well-defined bounces are derived. The presented results enable new approaches to studying the setups utilizing neutron confinement, such as the experiments to measure neutron magnetic and electric dipole moments.
Encapsulated Nanowires Formed by Nanotube-Assisted Oriented Attachment (2004)

Carbon tubules are used to assemble Co3C or Co particles from an agglomerate into a straight line. The walls of the carbon tubules are grown by the slow catalytic decomposition of a fluorocarbon at 375 °C over the Co3C or Co particles. The nanoparticles then merge via oriented attachment to form nanowires. Depending on the nanoparticle material, nanowires of up to 1 μm long can be formed. Using atomic resolution electron microscopy images, the formed nanowires are seen to be of the same material as the initial nanoparticles.
Computationally-Guided Synthetic Control over Pore Size in Isostructural Porous Organic Cages (2017)

The physical properties of 3-D porous solids are defined by their molecular geometry. Hence, precise control of pore size, pore shape, and pore connectivity are needed to tailor them for specific applications. However, for porous molecular crystals, the modification of pore size by adding pore-blocking groups can also affect crystal packing in an unpredictable way. This precludes strategies adopted for isoreticular metal-organic frameworks, where addition of a small group, such as a methyl group, does not affect the basic framework topology. Here, we narrow the pore size of a cage molecule, <b>CC3</b>, in a systematic way by introducing methyl groups into the cage windows. Computational crystal structure prediction was used to anticipate the packing preferences of two homochiral methylated cages, <b>CC14</b>-<i>R</i> and <b>CC15</b>-<i>R</i>, and to assess the structure-energy landscape of a <b>CC15</b>-<i>R</i>/<b>CC3</b>-<i>S</i> cocrystal, designed such that both component cages could be directed to pack with a 3-D, interconnected pore structure. The experimental gas sorption properties of these three cage systems agree well with physical properties predicted by computational energy-structure-function maps.
Embedded RF passives technology using a combination of multilayer organic package substrate and silicon-based integrated passive devices (2010)

This paper discusses the embedding of small size radio frequency integrated passive devices (IPDs) inside the core layer of a multilayer organic package substrate. IPDs fabricated using a backend only silicon process were embedded inside the core of the package substrate to realize small form factor structures with very high tolerance while freeing up the surface of the package to enable 3D integration of multichip modules on the same package. Several individual and interconnected radio frequency (RF) filters and diplexers for Wireless LAN have been embedded and fully characterized up to 10 GHz. Full wave electromagnetic (EM) modeling and experimental characterization were used to evaluate the impact of the package environment on those embedded radio frequency components. The measured and modeled performance agreed very well in the frequency bands of interest.
Insulin Response to Glucose Is Lower in Individuals Homozygous for the Arg 64 Variant of the β-3-Adrenergic Receptor1 (2000)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) is a polygenic disorder with a variable phenotype that includes both insulin resistance and insulin secretory dysfunction. The Arg 64 beta-3-adrenergic receptor variant allele is associated with an earlier age of onset of type 2 DM. The purpose of this study was to examine the in vivo pathophysiology of this variant allele to determine its contribution to the components of glucose metabolism. We used the frequently sampled iv glucose tolerance tests, minimal model analysis, and analysis of covariance to examine age- and fat-mass-adjusted differences among genotypes. The results demonstrate that individuals homozygous for the Arg 64 allele secrete significantly less insulin in response to a glucose infusion (562+/-116 vs. 962+/-94 pmol/microL), have the highest fasting glucose levels (100.4+/-1.9 vs. 92.48+/-1.60 mg/dL), and have lower glucose effectiveness (0.014+/-0.003 vs. 0.019+/-0.002 min(-1)), compared with those homozygous for the Trp 64 allele. This first report of decreased acute insulin release and lower glucose effectiveness in the Arg 64 genotype may help explain the earlier onset of type 2 DM observed in several populations of individuals with the Arg64 beta-3-adrenergic receptor variant allele.
Differential effect of mild and severe pulmonary embolism on the rat lung transcriptome (2016)

Abstract Background Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a common diagnosis and a leading cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. A growing literature has associated PE with systemic inflammation, and global hyper-coagulability, which contribute to lung remodeling and clot recurrence. The source and mechanism of inflammation remains unstudied. In humans, inhibition of cholesterol synthesis with statins decreases biomarkers of inflammation. We test the differential effect of pulmonary vascular occlusion during mild and severe pulmonary embolism on the lung transcriptome. Methods Experimental PE was induced in adult male rats by injection of 25 micron polystyrene microspheres into the jugular vein. The effect of Mild PE, (2-h right ventricular systolic pressure [RVSP] normal, 18-h RVSP 44 mmHg) and Severe PE (2-h RVSP &gt; 50 mmHg; 18-h RVSP 44 mmHg) on lungs was assessed by measuring transcriptome-wide changes in gene expression by DNA microarrays. Results Severe PE was associated with a large change in lung gene expression and in the expression of KEGG pathways and other gene functional annotation groups. Mild PE was also associated with a large number of significant changes in gene expression and in the expression of KEGG pathways and gene functional annotation groups, even after only 2 h of PE. Up-regulated pathways included increased adipocytokine, chemokine and cytokine signaling as well as cholesterol synthesis. Conclusions Mild PE without acute pulmonary hypertension (PH) increased lung gene expression of inflammatory pathways, including increased cholesterol synthesis. These data indicate that even mild persistent pulmonary vascular occlusion is capable of inciting an inflammatory response from the lung. These data imply the detrimental effect of unresolved pulmonary obstruction from PE.
A quantitative inquisition into ESD sensitivity to strain in nanoscale CMOS protection devices (2010)

This paper presents the first detailed experimental investigation together with theoretical analysis of the impact of strain on ESD robustness in nanometer scale planar CMOS protection devices in both bulk and SOI technologies. Gated diodes as well as NMOS devices in both gate-grounded (GG) and gate-tied-high (GH) configurations are investigated. It is shown that the ESD sensitivity to strain can vary substantially depending on whether the stressed devices are bulk or SOI, and on the mode in which they are stressed. Modulation of snapback region due to strain and its impact on device electrical stability, competing requirements for ballasting and strain effects, strain non-uniformity induced performance reduction, as well as comparative analysis of ESD vs DC performance improvement are discussed in detail. Increase in ESD robustness of about 20% is obtained for bulk gated-diodes and SOI GG-NMOS, due to strain engineering. On the other hand, it is shown that high tensile strain can influence the bipolar action of bulk GG-NMOS by enhancing the snapback behavior. Insights are provided in this work to specify guidelines in terms of device configuration, operation principle and type of strain in order to leverage maximum improvement from strain engineering.
STANDARDS ANALYSIS POWERING/PERFORMANCE EVALUATION USING TEST COURSE METHODS. VOLUME II. APPENDICES A-G (1974)

This report consists of two volumes. Volume 2 contains Appendices A through G which consist of various relevant material and technical analysis conducted during the performance of the subject research. Research boats were instrumented (in some cases) to record, on analog tape, roll angle, pitch angle, heading (yaw), lateral acceleration and, to some extent, a prototype roll instability detector was used. Photographs of many of the test boats are included. The entire program was aimed at obtaining data/criteria for a 'performance' method of determining the maximum horsepower (speed) at which a small boat will not exhibit 'instability' when subjected to a severe maneuver, and to establish a reliable method to evaluate the results of tests.
Red-shifted bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer: Improved tools and materials for analytical in vivo approaches (2019)

Bioluminescence Resonance Energy Transfer (BRET) has been proven as a highly sensitive optical transduction system for bio-imaging and a variety of analytical approaches. Its use for quantitative imaging of physiological changes in vivo or in vitro of blood samples has been hindered due to signal attenuation of the blue/green light-emitting bioluminescence agents. The field of luciferase-luciferin pairs as well as energy accepting molecules such as fluorescent proteins, organic dyes and quantum dots is rapidly growing. In the present article, progress in the development of red-shifted BRET components that are less affected by light-attenuation and scattering are analysed. Recently developed NanoLuc variants, Firefly luciferases and luciferin analogues greatly expand options for efficient red-shifted BRET systems. These luciferases in combination with new large Stokes-shifted fluorophores allow quantitative imaging in deep-tissues of living subjects. In addition, we point towards yet untested BRET strategies to assist those developing new analytical techniques and BRET tools.
Recent Advances in Colorimetry-Based Digital Imaging (1994)

"Recent Advances in Colorimetry-Based Digital Imaging." The Journal of Photographic Science, 42(3), p. 74
Supplementary Figure 2 from CCT244747 Is a Novel Potent and Selective CHK1 Inhibitor with Oral Efficacy Alone and in Combination with Genotoxic Anticancer Drugs (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 92K, Supplementary Figure 2. A constrained, scaffold docking model of CCT244747 in the ATP pocket of human CHK1 realized using the SAR-020106 X-ray crystal structure (PDB 2ym8).&lt;/p&gt;
Importance of a Conserved Lys/Arg Residue for Ligand/PDZ Domain Interactions as Examined by Protein Semisynthesis (2016)

PDZ domains are ubiquitous small protein domains that are mediators of numerous protein-protein interactions, and play a pivotal role in protein trafficking, synaptic transmission, and the assembly of signaling-transduction complexes. In recent years, PDZ domains have emerged as novel and exciting drug targets for diseases (in the brain in particular), so understanding the molecular details of PDZ domain interactions is of fundamental importance. PDZ domains bind to a protein partner at either a C-terminal peptide or internal peptide motifs. Here, we examined the importance of a conserved Lys/Arg residue in the ligand-binding site of the second PDZ domain of PSD-95, by employing a semisynthetic approach. We generated six semisynthetic PDZ domains comprising different proteogenic and nonproteogenic amino acids representing subtle changes of the conserved Lys/Arg residue. These were tested with four peptide interaction partners, representing the two different binding modes. The results highlight the role of a positively charged amino acid in the β1-β2 loop of PDZ domains, and show subtle differences for canonical and noncanonical interaction partners, thus providing additional insight into the mechanism of PDZ/ligand interaction.
Entity linking at the tail (2014)

Web search is seeing a paradigm shift from keyword based search to an entity-centric organization of web data. To support web search with this deeper level of understanding, a web-scale entity linking system must have 3 key properties: First, its feature extraction must be robust to the diversity of web documents and their varied writing styles and content structures. Second, it must maintain high-precision linking for "tail" (unpopular) entities that is robust to the existence of confounding entities outside of the knowledge base and entity profiles with minimal information. Finally, the system must represent large-scale knowledge bases with a scalable and powerful feature representation. We have built and deployed a web-scale unsupervised entity linking system for a commercial search engine that addresses these requirements by combining new developments in sparse signal recovery to identify the most discriminative features from noisy, free-text web documents; explicit modeling of out-of-knowledge-base entities to improve precision at the tail; and the development of a new phrase-unigram language model to efficiently capture high-order dependencies in lexical features. Using a knowledge base of 100M unique people from a popular social networking site, we present experimental results in the challenging domain of people-linking at the tail, where most entities have limited web presence. Our experimental results show that this system substantially improves on the precision-recall tradeoff over baseline methods, achieving precision over 95% with recall over 60%.
Method for quantitative evaluation of kinetic constants in olefin polymerizations. I. Kinetic study of a conventional Ziegler–Natta catalyst used for propylene polymerizations (2001)

A method for quantitative evaluation of kinetic constants in Ziegler–Natta and metallocene olefin polymerizations is presented. The method comprises some fundamental steps, which include the initial design of a statistical experimental plan, the execution of the designed experiments, the development of simple mathematical models to describe the polymerization, and the estimation of kinetic parameters from available rate, gel permeation chromatography, and NMR data. The method is applied to the slurry propylene polymerization, using a conventional first generation Ziegler–Natta catalyst, in a lab-scale polymerization reactor. It is shown that the proposed method allows the successful interpretation of experimental olefin polymerization data and the quantitative evaluation of kinetic constants, which can be inserted into a process simulator to provide an accurate picture of actual industrial plant behavior. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 79: 2076–2108, 2001
Robust peak distortion equalization (2004)

We consider the problem of designing a robust linear equalizer under channel uncertainties. Specifically, we propose a robust peak distortion (RPD) equalizer, in which we minimize the error probability of the worst-case sequence and the worst-case channel, in the uncertainty region. We show that the RPD equalizer can be found efficiently using standard convex optimization packages. We then demonstrate through simulations that under channel uncertainty the RPD equalizer outperforms traditional equalizers, and previously proposed robust equalizers.
Follow-Up Evaluation of Resected Lumbar Vertebral Chordoma Over 11 Years (2000)

As reported, vertebral chordomas are not curable, but the authors' experience contradicts this. The surgeon should aim at a wide, or at least a marginal, excision followed by a stable reconstruction.
Probes for Narcotic Receptor Mediated Phenomena. 23. Synthesis, Opioid Receptor Binding, and Bioassay of the Highly Selective δ Agonist (+)-4-[(αR)-α-((2S,5R)-4-Allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]- N,N-diethylbenzamide (SNC 80) and Related Novel Nonpeptide δ Opioid Receptor Ligands (1997)

The highly selective delta (delta) opioid receptor agonist SNC 80 [(+)-4- [(alpha R)-alpha-((2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl)-3-methoxybenzyl]-N ,N- diethylbenzamide, (+)-21] and novel optically pure derivatives were synthesized from the enantiomers of 1-allyl-trans-2,5-dimethylpiperazine (2). The piperazine (+/-)-2 was synthesized, and its enantiomers were obtained on a multigram scale in > 99% optical purity by optical resolution of the racemate with the camphoric acids. The absolute configuration of (+)-2 was determined to be 2S,5R by X-ray analysis of the salt with (+)-camphoric acid. Since the chirality of the starting material was known, and the relative configuration of compounds (-)-21, (-)-22, and (+)-23 were obtained by single-crystal X-ray analysis, the assignment of the absolute stereochemistry of the entire series could be made. Radioreceptor binding studies in rat brain preparations showed that methyl ethers (+)-21 (SNC 80) and (-)-25 exhibited strong selectivity for rat delta receptors with low nanomolar affinity to delta receptors and only micromolar affinity for rat mu (mu) opioid receptors. Compounds (-)-21, (-)-22, and (-)-23 showed micromolar affinities for delta opioid receptors. The unsubstituted derivative (+)-22 and the fluorinated derivative (-)-27 showed > 2659- and > 2105-fold delta/mu binding selectivity, respectively. The latter derivatives are the most selective ligands described in the new series. Studies with some of the compounds described in the isolated mouse vas deferens and guinea pig ileum bioassays revealed that all were agonists with different degrees of selectivity for the delta opioid receptor. These data show that (+)-21 and (+)-22 are potent delta receptor agonists and suggest that these compounds will be valuable tools for further study of the delta opioid receptor at the molecular level, including its function and role in analgesia and drug abuse.