gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Bloom Filter approach for scalable CCN-based discovery of missing physical objects (2016)

As the number of devices which could be potentially connected to the Internet scales up, as the amount of traffic generated by these devices will explode, it is necessary to reconsider the underlying protocols which will support the Internet of Things. The request/response semantics of CCN are well suited to the retrieving data from a set of sensors and we consider here the deployment of CCN to retrieve missing objects in a distributed environment. We developed a demonstrator of it as a proof-of-concept. We then consider the scalability of such system and demonstrate how the combination of a Bloom Filter mechanism in addition to the CCN primitives allow for a very scalable deployment of an object retrieval function.
Highly Selective Cascade Couplings for the Syntheses of Functionalized Piperidinones and Bispidines (2007)

Efficient cascade couplings to synthesize functionalized piperidinones 1 and bispidines 2 and 3 have been developed. Simple modifications to the reaction conditions allow for the highly controlled and selective formation of each compound. In addition, the cis isomer of 1 can be selectively obtained under acidic conditions, while the preparation of the corresponding trans isomer can also be readily realized through a base-catalyzed, dynamic crystallization-driven process.
A novel highly pathogenic Alzheimer presenilin-1 mutation in codon 117 (Pro117Ser): Comparison of clinical, neuropathological and cell culture phenotypes of Pro117Leu and Pro117Ser mutations (2004)

A novel presenilin-1 (PS1) mutation (P117S) in an American pedigree is described. We compare clinical, neuropathological and cell culture phenotypes produced by this mutation with another codon 117 mutation that was earlier discovered by our group in a Polish kindred. Both mutations are associated with an unusually severe Alzheimer disease (AD) phenotype, with the onset starting before the third decade of life, rapid disease progression and acute presentation of clinical symptoms. The severity of clinical phenotype was closely correlated with the abundance of pathology: massive deposition of Abeta42 in plaques, severe neurofibrillary degeneration and neuronal loss. When overexpressed in mouse neuroblastoma N2a cells, both mutations caused loss of an ability to promote neurite outgrowth and produced an increase in the ratio of secreted Abeta42/40 amyloid peptides. In stably transfected N2a cell lines only mutant proteins were endoproteolytically cleaved indicating some dependability of this process on the presence of mutation. Taken together, our results show that clinical and cell culture phenotypes produced by these 2 codon 117 mutations are closely related suggesting that the pathogenic action of PS1 may involve effect on neurite outgrowth and endoproteolytic cleavage of the full-length protein. Given the high potency in vivo and in vitro of both codon 117 mutations, this site of PS1 must be particularly important for its normal/pathogenic function.
Relationship of aluminum to Alzheimer's disease. (1985)

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive degenerative brain disease of unknown etiology, characterized by the development of large numbers of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the brain. Aluminum salts may be used experimentally to produce lesions which are similar, but not identical, to the neurofibrillary tangle. Although some studies have reported increased amounts of aluminum in the brains of Alzheimer's disease victims, these bulk analysis studies have been difficult to replicate and remain controversial. Using scanning electron microscopy with X-ray spectrometry, we have investigated this question on the cellular level. We have identified abnormal accumulations of aluminum within neurons derived from Alzheimer's disease patients containing neurofibrillary tangles. Similar accumulations have been detected in the numerous neurofibrillary tangle-bearing neurons seen in the brains of the indigenous native population of the island of Guam who suffer from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and parkinsonism with dementia. Epidemiologic evidence strongly suggests a causal role for local environmental conditions relating to availability of aluminum, calcium, and magnesium. In view of the fact that a major consequence of acid rain is the liberation of large amounts of aluminum in bioavailable forms, concerns are raised about possible human health risks of this environmental phenomenon.
Vanoxonin, a new inhibitor of thymidylate synthetase. II. Structure determination and total synthesis. (1985)

Acid hydrolysis of vanoxonin yielded one mol each of 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, L-threonine, L-N omega-hydroxyornithine. Presence of acetyl group in vanoxonin was suggested by the 1H NMR. Periodate oxidation of vanoxonin liberated one mol of acetic acid suggesting that the acetyl group bound to the omega-nitrogen of N omega-hydroxyornithine. The sequence of three components was determined to be L-N-(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl)threonyl-L-(N omega-acetyl-N omega-hydroxy)ornithine by mass spectrometric analysis. This structure was confirmed by the total synthesis of vanoxonin.
Molecular Camouflage: Making Use of Protecting Groups To Control the Self‐Assembly of Inorganic Janus Particles onto Metal–Chalcogenide Nanotubes by Pearson Hardness (2011)

Hard and soft: Binding of inorganic [email protected]3O4 Janus particles to WS2 nanotubes through their Pt or Fe3O4 domains is governed by the difference in Pearson hardness: the soft Pt block has a higher sulfur affinity than the harder magnetite face; thus the binding proceeds preferentially through the Pt face. This binding preference can be reversed by masking the Pt face with an organic protecting group. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Versatility of helix-loop-helix catalysts - cooperative HisH<sup>+</sup>-His sites that span both helices (1999)

Peptides with 42 amino acid residues have been designed to fold into helix-loop-helix motifs that dimerize to form four-helix bundles and catalyze the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl esters. Their reactivities depend on nucleophilic and general-acid catalysis by cooperative HisH + -His pairs. The peptide catalyst MNV with the HisH + -His pair separated by three residues within the helical segment catalyzes the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl fumarate with a second-order rate constant of 0.034 M -1 s -1 at pH 5.1 and 290 K. This i, i+3 site is a factor of three more efficient than the corresponding i, i+4 site. Helix-loop-helix peptides having histidines situated at opposing helices were designed and exhibited cooperative HisH + -His catalytic pairs. The peptide H11,34K hydrolyzed p-nitrophenyl acetate and p-nitrophenyl valerate with second-order rate constants of 0.044 and 0.15 M -1 s -1 , respectively, at pH 5.1 and 290
CVD silicon carbide—a promising material for low-scatter mirrors (1990)

Silicon carbide formed by chemical vapor deposition is a promising material to use for lightweight, low-scatter mirrors. It can be made optically dense with a minimum of growth defects and stress birefringence, and it can be polished to a low-scatter finish that is comparable to the best high-quality fused-silica optics. Roughness values of 0.3 Å rms have been measured on a Zygo heterodyne profiler and under 1 Å rms on a Talystep mechanical-contact profiler. The optical constants measured in the wavelength range from 1.6–25 μ m show that there is a reststrahlen band in the 10–13 μ m region and that the reflectance exceeds 94% at 12 μ m. Total integrated scattering (TTS) at 0.647 μ m can be as low as 1 × 10 −6 , corresponding to an rms roughness of 5.2 Å. Bidirectional-reflectance distribution function (BRDF) values of less than 5 × 10 −6 at a scattering angle of 10 from the specular direction and approximately 3 × 10 −6 at 25–80° from the specular direction have been measured at 0.633 μ m. The integrated BRDF values yield a roughness in good agreement with that measured by TIS. These BRDF values are approximately 11 orders of magnitude down from the intensity of the specular beam. Data measured on silicon carbide samples from different sources and polished by different companies will be shown.
On Second Order Statistics of the Satellite-to-Indoor Channel Based on Field Measurements (2006)

Wireless positioning has received increased attention during the past few years, where several wireless applications have been envisaged and promoted such as the E-911/E-112 regulations. The positioning needs to be carried out in all the environments covered by the wireless communication services, including the most constraining areas such as dense urban areas and obstructed indoor environments. The most known positioning system is the global navigation satellite system (GNSS), which demonstrated quite reliable positioning capabilities when the receiver is in direct view with the sky. However, in indoor environments the signal characteristics are not well understood yet and positioning capabilities are quite poor. Therefore, understanding the multipath propagation indoors and fading characteristics are quite important to make GNSS works indoors. In this paper, we describe measurement-based modeling results of the level-crossing rate (LCR) and average duration of fades (ADF) with the purpose of giving further insight on the real satellite-to-indoor channel characteristics.
Energetics of vacancy and substitutional impurities in aluminum bulk and clusters (1997)

We present a careful study of the energetics of vacancy and substitutional impurities in aluminum in both the bulk and small cluster environments. The calculations are done within the framework of the local-density-functional formalism and are based on the pseudopotential method with plane-wave expansion and periodic boundary conditions. Both the ionic and electronic degrees of freedom are fully relaxed. The electronic structure problem is treated with a preconditioned conjugate-gradient method that applies equally well to insulators and metals, and is suitable for parallel computing. We have considered up to 216 atoms in the supercell, and we show that reliable results can be obtained with 108-atom cells with proper k-point sampling. Vacancy-formation energy, heats of solution of the impurities and the relaxations near the defects are in good agreement with available experimental data. The energetics of substitution in small clusters was found to be rather different from bulk.
Treating capsule contraction syndrome with a femtosecond laser (2016)

None of the authors has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.
Stochastic resonance–a nonlinear control theory interpretation (2010)

Abstract Stochastic resonance (SR) is an effect that has been known (Benzi, R., Sutera, A., and Vulpiani, A. (Citation1981), ‘The Mechanism of Stochastic Resonance’, Journal of Physics, A14, L453–L457) for almost three decades and has been extensively studied in biology, statistics, signal processing and in numerous other eclectic areas (Wiesenfeld, K., and Moss, F. (Citation1995), ‘Stochastic Resonance and the Benefits of Noise: From Ice Ages to Crayfish and Squids’, Nature, 373, 33–36). Herein, a nonlinear control theory analysis is conducted on how to better understand the class of systems that may exhibit the SR effect. Using nonlinear control theory methods, equilibrium points are manipulated to create the SR response (similar to shaping dynamical response in a phase plane). From this approach, a means of synthesising and designing the appropriate class of nonlinear systems is introduced. New types of nonlinear dynamics that demonstrate the SR effects are discovered, which may have utility in control theory as well as in many diverse applications. A numerical simulation illustrates some powerful attributes of these systems. Keywords: nonlinear dynamicsstochastic resonancebiological systems Notes †This paper is dedicated in memory of Dr. Daniel Repperger, who passed away on January 3, 2010. Additional informationNotes on contributorsD.W. ReppergerFootnote† †This paper is dedicated in memory of Dr. Daniel Repperger, who passed away on January 3, 2010.
Enabling real time data analysis (2010)

Network-based services have become a ubiquitous part of our lives, to the point where individuals and businesses have often come to critically rely on them. Building and maintaining such reliable, high performance network and service infrastructures requires the ability to rapidly investigate and resolve complex service and performance impacting issues. To achieve this, it is important to collect, correlate and analyze massive amounts of data from a diverse collection of data sources in real time. We have designed and implemented a variety of data systems at AT&amp;T Labs-Research to build highly scalable databases that support real time data collection, correlation and analysis, including (a) the Daytona data management system, (b) the DataDepot data warehousing system, (c) the GS tool data stream management system, and (d) the Bistro data feed manager. Together, these data systems have enabled the creation and maintenance of a data warehouse and data analysis infrastructure for troubleshooting complex issues in the network. We describe these data systems and their key research contributions in this paper.
Escherichia coli Pathotypes in Pakistan from Consecutive Floods in 2010 and 2011 (2013)

This study compares Escherichia coli pathotypes circulating among children in Pakistan during the floods of 2010 and 2011 and from sporadic cases outside flood affected areas. Using multiplex polymerase chain reaction 115 of 205 stool samples (56.29%) were positive for diarrheagenic E. coli from specimens taken during the floods compared with 50 of 400 (12.5%) stool samples being positive for sporadic cases. The E. coli pathotypes were categorized as Enteropathogenic E. coli 33 (28.69%) and 13 (26%), Enterotoxigenic E. coli 29 (25.21%) and 15 (30%), Enteroaggregative E. coli 21 (18.2%) and 18 (36%), Enterohemorrhagic E. coli 5 (4.34%) and 1 (2%) from flood and sporadic cases, respectively. Furthermore, patients co-infected with more than one pathotype were 26 (22.60%) and 3 (6%) from flood and sporadic cases, respectively. The study shows an unexpectedly high rate of isolation of E. coli pathotypes suggesting Pakistan as an endemic region that requires active surveillance particularly during flood periods.
Design and construction of a tissue-mimicking phantom to validate electrical properties mapping techniques based on magnetic resonance (2015)

Knowledge of the spatial distribution of electrical properties (EP) of human tissues, namely electric conductivity (s) and permittivity (e), could be used to detect pathologic tissue (e.g., cancer), as well as to accurately estimate radiofrequency (RF) safety limits for ultra-high field (UHF) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. Various techniques have been proposed for non-invasive mapping of tissue EP in the radiofrequency range based on MR measurements. The aim of this work is to design and build a two-compartment MR phantom for validation of EP mapping techniques. We chose 300 MHz as the target operating frequency because RF-based EP mapping techniques are more promising at UHF.
ChemInform Abstract: Demethyl Mutactimycins, New Anthracycline Antibiotics from Nocardia and Steptomyces Strains. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Parametric design study of a nuclear-pumped laser-driven inertial confinement fusion power plant (1993)

In an earlier preliminary design study, we proposed a novel nuclear-pumped laser-driven (NPL) inertial confinement fusion (ICF) power reactor that represents an important variation on the “neutron feedback” concept for ICF. This NPL-driven ICF concept also included an advanced, DT-seeded, D 3 He-fueled pellet and magnetic protection of the first wall of the reactor chamber. Advantages that were demonstrated for this approach included increased efficiency for laser-to-target energy coupling, increased efficiency for thermalto-electric energy conversion, and reduced neutron activation and waste. The coupling efficiency is enhanced because a nuclear-pumped flashlamp is directly pumped by fission fragments from uranium micropellets within the lamp medium. The thermal conversion efficiency is greater because a large fraction of the ICF pellet&amp;s fusion yield is in charged Finally, the fraction of the fusion yield carried by neutrons is significantly reduced in comparison with pure D-T-fueled pellets; thus, neutron-induced activity in the first wall is decreased and safety is increased. The initial study indicated these factors could result in a required driver energy of 5 MJ (vice 10 MJ currently projected) and a pellet gain of only 50 (vice 100 currently projected) for a feasible l,000-MW e power reactor operating with approximately six pellets per second. The current study includes a refined analysis of an NPL-driven ICF power reactor of this type. A cylindrical design for the fission/NPL blanket is selected as a “natural” geometry for pumping the NPL. Required enrichments and criticalities are then predicted for the multiplication of the fusion neutron yield needed to pump the NPL. Based upon these results, we report a more detailed parametric study of the efficiencies for converting neutron, X-ray, and plasma yields from advanced ICF pellets into electrical and optical energy flows required in this concept. We also examined breeding tritium in a lithium blanket layer. Results from these studies help define topics and parameter spaces for further research on this unique reactor concept.
PI3K drives the de novo synthesis of coenzyme A from vitamin B5 (2022)

In response to hormones and growth factors, the class I phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) signalling network functions as a major regulator of metabolism and growth, governing cellular nutrient uptake, energy generation, reducing cofactor production and macromolecule biosynthesis<sup>1</sup>. Many of the driver mutations in cancer with the highest recurrence, including in receptor tyrosine kinases, Ras, PTEN and PI3K, pathologically activate PI3K signalling<sup>2,3</sup>. However, our understanding of the core metabolic program controlled by PI3K is almost certainly incomplete. Here, using mass-spectrometry-based metabolomics and isotope tracing, we show that PI3K signalling stimulates the de novo synthesis of one of the most pivotal metabolic cofactors: coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is the major carrier of activated acyl groups in cells<sup>4,5</sup> and is synthesized from cysteine, ATP and the essential nutrient vitamin B5 (also known as pantothenate)<sup>6,7</sup>. We identify pantothenate kinase 2 (PANK2) and PANK4 as substrates of the PI3K effector kinase AKT<sup>8</sup>. Although PANK2 is known to catalyse the rate-determining first step of CoA synthesis, we find that the minimally characterized but highly conserved PANK4<sup>9</sup> is a rate-limiting suppressor of CoA synthesis through its metabolite phosphatase activity. Phosphorylation of PANK4 by AKT relieves this suppression. Ultimately, the PI3K-PANK4 axis regulates the abundance of acetyl-CoA and other acyl-CoAs, CoA-dependent processes such as lipid metabolism and proliferation. We propose that these regulatory mechanisms coordinate cellular CoA supplies with the demands of hormone/growth-factor-driven or oncogene-driven metabolism and growth.
Generating customized text and graphics in the COMET explanation testbed (2002)

It is shown how COMET, a system that uses natural language and graphics generation components to produce the text and pictures of its explanations dynamically, can create a variety of different explanations to explain the same concepts, and thus better meets the needs of different users. The authors focus on four ways in which COMET produces different explanations for the same concepts, describing how it is influenced by the plan containing the concept, by user background knowledge, by previous dialogue, and by interactive exploration of an explanation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
First Rotameric Anti Dimers and 3,9-Diazatetraasteranes from Unsymmetrically Substituted N-Acyl and N-Acyloxy-4-aryl-1,4-dihydropyridines (2002)

A series of unsymmetrically substituted N-acyland N-acyloxy-1,4dihydropyridines (1) have been photochemically investigated.On irradiating the crystals of one derivative (1a) containing centrosymmetrical pairs of molecules with a distance of 3.894(3) Å between the potentially reacting double bonds favorable for a photodimerisation reaction, the formation of an anti-dimer (2a) was ob-
Multi-Cylinder Opposed-Piston Engine Results on Transient Test Cycle (2016)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;After having tested basic transient maneuvers such as load-step changes on the 4.9L three-cylinder opposed-piston diesel engine [&lt;span class="xref"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;], a similar test-engine was subjected to a more aggressive test-routine - a hot-start heavy-duty FTP (Federal Test Procedure) transient cycle for the on-road engines. The three main objectives of this exercise were:&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;&lt;ol class="list nostyle"&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To assess the ability of the engine to meet the transient cycle requirements while maintaining close to the cycle-average BSFC for the FTP cycle derived from steady-state torque-to-fuel map.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To attain engine-out brake-specific emission levels that are compatible with US2010 EPA requirements with a conventional after-treatment system consisting of a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a selective catalyst reduction (SCR) system.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class="list-item"&gt;&lt;span class="li-label"&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;To compare hot-start FTP transient cycle fuel economy with a publicly available benchmark.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The initial results from the test are encouraging - the BSFC value is within 1.2% of the value derived from running FTP cycle on a steady-state torque-to-fuel map. The engine-out emissions (BSNO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and BSSoot) levels generated during the test are compatible with US2010 EPA tail-pipe emissions requirements and can be controlled with contemporary after-treatment systems. Furthermore, compared to the MY2011 Cummins ISB 6.7L engine, Achates Power’s OP engine presents a cycle-average BSFC advantage of 18% during hot-start FTP cycle. These results highlight the capabilities of the Achates Power OP engine to successfully run aggressive transient maneuvers without compromising the required performance attributes.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Secondary radar using frequency doubling for non-line-of-sight pedestrian detection (2021)

This paper reports an experimental result on a secondary radar for detection of hidden pedestrians. A transponder carried by a pedestrian responds to a radio-wave transmitted from a car. The distance between the transponder and the car can be measured by a dual-frequency CW radar scheme or an oversampling-based configuration.