gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Growth Hormone Receptor Inhibition Sensitizes Human Pancreatic Cancer to Chemotherapy Treatments (2021)

Abstract Human growth hormone (GH) and its cognate growth hormone receptor (GHR) have been established to have a distinct role in promoting the progression of several types of human cancers. We had earlier described a newfound role of the GH-GHR axis in driving chemoresistance in melanoma by upregulating drug efflux by ABC multidrug transporter expression and a phenotype switch by induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here we present an in-depth analysis of this role of GH-GHR in the highly therapy resistant human pancreatic cancer which has a 5-year survival rate of only 10% in 2020. Using human and mouse pancreatic cancer cells and RNA and protein expression analyses by RT-qPCR, ELISA, and western-blot, we identified that (i) GH upregulates specific ABC-transporter expressions in a drug-context specific manner, (ii) GH upregulates EMT transcription factors, (iii) GH activates specific oncogenic signaling pathways, and (iii) GH action increases cytochrome P450 members involved in hepatic drug metabolism. The GH antagonist, Pegvisomant, significantly inhibited these effects. Additionally, we confirmed the effects of these molecular changes by specific assays. For example, GH increases basement membrane invasion, viability of circulating tumor cells, and drug efflux; while inhibition of GHR by pegvisomant in pancreatic cancer cells reversed this aggressive tumor phenotype and sensitized the tumor cells to chemotherapy. Cell viability assays confirmed a decreased IC50 of gemcitabine, doxorubicin, and erlotinib in pancreatic cancer cells treated with pegvisomant and an increase in IC50 cells treated with GH. We further verified our results using in silico analyses of TCGA datasets for pancreatic cancer - which provided robust confirmation of our experimental findings. Presently we are validating our observation in nude mice with human pancreatic cancer cell xenografts. In conclusion, our in vitro results confirm that GHR antagonism can drastically sensitize human pancreatic cancer cells by blocking mechanisms of drug resistance, thus providing a valuable window for improved efficacy of available chemo- and targeted therapy.
What and where in human audition: Distinct cortical processing pathways revealed by fMRI (2000)

A sound that we hear in a natural setting allows us to identify the sound source and localize it in space. The two aspects can be disrupted independently as shown in a study of 15 patients with focal right-hemispheric lesions. Four patients were normal in sound recognition but severely impaired in sound localization, whereas three other patients had difficulties in recognizing sounds but localized them well. The lesions involved the inferior parietal and frontal cortices, and the superior temporal gyrus in patients with selective sound localization deficit; and the temporal pole and anterior part of the fusiform, inferior and middle temporal gyri in patients with selective recognition deficit. These results suggest separate cortical processing pathways for auditory recognition and localization.
High Efficiency of over 25% and Long Device Lifetime of over 500 h at 1000 nit in Blue Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2022)

In this study, a multiple resonance (MR) type blue emitter is synthesized, characterized, and evaluated for highly efficient and stable blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). The MR blue fluorescent emitter has a di-tert-butyl benzene substituent in the MR core structure to minimize quenching mechanisms by intermolecular interaction. The emitter shows a high photoluminescence quantum yield and small full width at half maximum of 22 nm, which realize high external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 11.4% in the single unit OLED and device lifetime up to 95% of the initial luminance (LT<sub>95</sub> ) of 208 h at 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> and over 10 000 h at 100 cd m<sup>-2</sup> . The optimized tandem device of the new blue emitter achieves high EQE over 25% and extremely long LT<sub>95</sub> of over 500 h at 1000 cd m<sup>-2</sup> and 30 000 h at 100 cd m<sup>-2</sup> . The lifetime of this work is one of the best data of blue OLED lifetime reported in the literature.
Evaluation of glycolaldehyde as a formaldehyde substitute in urea-based wood adhesives (2022)

Glycolaldehyde, produced from cracking of glucose, was tested as a substitute for formaldehyde in urea-based wood adhesives. Initially, different parameters (water content, aldehyde/urea-ratio, curing temperature, and time) were screened to identify the optimal curing conditions providing the highest bond strength. Afterwards, the system was reformulated as a 2-component system and compared to a urea-formaldehyde 2-component system, which showed a comparatively low strength of the resulting resin. Different hardeners were tested, and AlCl3 showed an 80% increase in bond strength for the resin compared to NH4Cl. Infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses were performed to ensure formation of the desired aminal bond network, which showed that the hardener was essential for proper curing of the resin. Finally, a urea-glycolaldehyde-formaldehyde resin was tested that further indicated major differences between the reactivity of formaldehyde and glycolaldehyde.
Editorial: Wearable sensors role in promoting health and wellness via reliable and longitudinal monitoring (2023)

EDITORIAL article Front. Physiol., 09 May 2023Sec. Computational Physiology and Medicine Volume 14 - 2023 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2023.1201847
Nodal aberration properties of coaxial imaging systems using Zernike polynomial surfaces (2015)

As a combination of the nodal aberration theory (NAT) and the freeform surface optical design, the nodal aberration properties of Zernike polynomial surfaces in a coaxial imaging system are analyzed in detail in this paper. The aberrations induced by the Zernike polynomial terms on either the reflective or the refractive surfaces in the system can be quantitatively calculated, which can be used to predict the surface figure or mount-induced errors, or as guidance for aberration correction and optimization during the freeform optical design. Specially, some new kinds of aberrations with complex field dependence can be generated by the Zernike polynomial terms, which further lead to the discovery of linear or multilinear nodes (cruciate nodes) in the aberration field. This linear nodal property will benefit the design of some kinds of freeform optical systems with a linear field of view. Furthermore, an iterative method based on the NAT is proposed to correct the field-constant aberrations.
Fighting doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity with adiponectin (2010)

This editorial refers to ‘Adiponectin protects against doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy by anti-apoptotic effects through AMPK up-regulation’ by M. Konishi et al. , pp. 309–319, this issue.

Doxorubicin, an anthracycline drug widely used for the treatment of various solid-organ tumours and haematological malignancies, has significant cardiac toxicity that limits its utilization. Doxorubicin can cause both an acute and a chronic form of cardiotoxicity and heart failure. Chronic cardiotoxicity, which ranges from an incidence of ∼1% at a cumulative dose of 550 mg/m2 to >30% at cumulative doses above 560–1160 mg/m2, can occur at any time after initiation of treatment and even years after cessation of therapy.1 The clinical presentation is that of classic progressive idiopathic heart failure, with histological evidence of cardiac damage defined by swelling of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and myofibrillar loss. However, the occurrence of doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity can vary widely regardless of cumulative drug dosage, and the assessment of parameters that modify risk is of great interest. Doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity and heart failure can also be induced in mice, presenting a model system to identify the mechanisms by which doxorubicin-induced heart failure occurs and to test therapeutic approaches by which this toxicity may be prevented.

Despite the availability of model systems, the anti-neoplastic and cardiotoxic mechanisms of doxorubicin are not entirely clear. Doxorubicin is reduced by NADPH oxidase2 to a semi-quinone free radical that can, in the presence of iron, interact with oxygen to …
A Case of Mistaken Identity: Biomarkers for High Risk Premalignant Breast Lesions (2020)

Discusses projects to develop biomarkers to predict atypical hyperplasias that may progress to invasive breast cancer. This presentation is part of the retreat mini-symposium entitled: Biomarker Discovery and Targeted Therapeutics in Cancer.
Real-time demonstration of QoS guaranteed 25-Gb/s PON prototype with Ethernet-PON MAC/PHY and cost-effective APD receivers for 100-Gb/s access networks (2016)

We demonstrate a real-time 25-Gb/s PON prototype with ethernet-PON MAC/PHY, O-band transmitter, and cost-effective APD receivers. With applying parasitic inductance and capacitance reduction, the frequency response of 25-Gb/s APD ROSA with TO46-pacakge is improved to support high receiver sensitivity around -25 dBm at the BER of 10<sup>-3</sup>. The 30 dB power budget of 25 Gb/s downstream is achieved at the BER of 10<sup>-3</sup>. With long-term ethernet packet transmission, 25 Gigabit and 10 Gigabit ethernet traffics are successfully transmitted through the 20-km SMF over 14 hour's observation window. Furthermore, QoS and bandwidth re-assignment function of the 25-Gb/s PON prototype are successfully demonstrated with respect to residential, business and mobile backhaul services in ONUs.
Conserved topology of virus glycoepitopes presents novel targets for repurposing HIV antibody 2G12 (2022)

Complex glycans decorate viral surface proteins and play a critical role in virus-host interactions. Viral surface glycans shield vulnerable protein epitopes from host immunity yet can also present distinct "glycoepitopes" that can be targeted by host antibodies such as the potent anti-HIV antibody 2G12 that binds high-mannose glycans on gp120. Two recent publications demonstrate 2G12 binding to high mannose glycans on SARS-CoV-2 and select Influenza A (Flu) H3N2 viruses. Previously, our lab observed 2G12 binding and functional inhibition of a range of Flu viruses that include H3N2 and H1N1 lineages. In this manuscript, we present these data alongside structural analyses to offer an expanded picture of 2G12-Flu interactions. Further, based on the remarkable breadth of 2G12 N-glycan recognition and the structural factors promoting glycoprotein oligomannosylation, we hypothesize that 2G12 glycoepitopes can be defined from protein structure alone according to N-glycan site topology. We develop a model describing 2G12 glycoepitopes based on N-glycan site topology, and apply the model to identify viruses within the Protein Data Bank presenting putative 2G12 glycoepitopes for 2G12 repurposing toward analytical, diagnostic, and therapeutic applications.
Modulation of partition and localization of perfume molecules in sodium dodecyl sulfate micelles (2015)

The influence of perfume molecules on the self-assembly of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and their localization in SDS micelles have been investigated by ζ potential, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), one- and two-dimensional NMR and isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC). A broad range of perfume molecules varying in octanol/water partition coefficients P are employed. The results indicate that the surface charge, size and aggregation number of the SDS micelles strongly depend on the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity degree of perfume molecules. Three distinct regions along the log P values are identified. Hydrophilic perfumes (log P < 2.0) partially incorporate into the SDS micelles and do not lead to micelle swelling, whereas hydrophobic perfumes (log P > 3.5) are solubilized close to the end of the hydrophobic chains in the SDS micelles and enlarge the micelles with higher ζ potential and a larger aggregation number. The incorporated fraction and micelle properties show increasing tendency for the perfumes in the intermediate log P region (2.0 < log P < 3.5). Besides, the molecular conformation of perfume molecules also affects these properties. The perfumes with a linear chain structure or an aromatic group can penetrate into the palisade layer and closely pack with the SDS molecules. Furthermore, the thermodynamic parameters obtained from ITC show that the binding of the perfumes in the intermediate log P region is more spontaneous than those in the other two log P regions, and the micellization of SDS with the perfumes is driven by entropy.
Marfan syndrome: evaluation with MR imaging versus CT. (1987)

Twenty-five patients with Marfan syndrome underwent computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. MR images were interpreted in blinded fashion and then the results were compared with findings from CT scans. MR imaging was found to be equivalent to CT in the depiction of aortic, dural, and hip abnormalities in patients who had not undergone surgery. MR imaging was superior to CT in evaluation of postoperative patients because the artifact produced by Bjork-Shiley or St. Jude valves precludes adequate evaluation of the aortic root on CT scans, while producing only a small inferior field distortion, a "pseudo-ventricular septal defect," on MR images. The absence of radiation exposure is another significant advantage for the relatively young Marfan syndrome population, who require serial studies. MR imaging is the modality of choice for evaluation and follow-up of patients with Marfan syndrome and offers an appropriate means of screening their kindred.
Glutamate acts at NMDA receptors on fresh bovine and on cultured human retinal pigment epithelial cells to trigger release of ATP (2006)

The photoreceptors lie between the inner retina and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The release of glutamate by the phototoreceptors can signal changes in light levels to inner retinal neurons, but the role of glutamate in communicating with the RPE is unknown. Since RPE cells are known to release ATP, we asked whether glutamate could trigger ATP release from RPE cells and whether this altered cell signalling. Stimulation of the apical face of fresh bovine RPE eyecups with 100 mum NMDA increased ATP levels more than threefold, indicating that both receptors for NMDA and release of ATP occurred across the apical membrane of fresh RPE cells. NMDA increased ATP levels bathing cultured human ARPE-19 cells more than twofold, with NMDA receptor inhibitors MK-801 and d-AP5 preventing this release. Blocking the glycine site of the NMDA receptor with 5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid prevented ATP release from ARPE-19 cells. Release was also blocked by channel blocker NPPB and Ca(2+) chelator BAPTA, but not by cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) blocker glibenclamide or vesicular release inhibitor brefeldin A. Glutamate produced a dose-dependent release of ATP from ARPE-19 cells that was substantially inhibited by MK-801. NMDA triggered a rise in cell Ca(2+) that was blocked by MK-801, by the ATPase apyrase, by the P2Y(1) receptor antagonist MRS2179 and by depletion of intracellular Ca(2+) stores with thapsigargin. These results suggest that glutamate stimulates NMDA receptors on the apical membrane of RPE cells to release ATP. This secondary release can amplify the glutaminergic signal by increasing Ca(2+) inside RPE cells, and might activate Ca(2+)-dependent conductances. The interplay between glutaminergic and purinergic systems may thus be important for light-dependent interactions between photoreceptors and the RPE.
High speed single nucleotide polymorphism typing of a hereditary haemochromatosis mutation with capillary array electrophoresis microplates (2000)

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) typing assay is developed and evaluated on a microfabricated capillary array electrophoresis system. Using fluorescently labeled allele-specific primers, the S65C (193A-->T) substitution associated with hereditary haemochromatosis in the HFE gene is genotyped. The covalently labeled polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products are separated on a microfabricated radial capillary array electrophoresis microplate using nondenaturing gel media in under two minutes. Detection is accomplished with a laser-excited rotary confocal scanner. The Rox-labeled A-allele specific amplicon (211 bp) is differentiated from the R110-labeled T-allele specific amplicon (201 bp) by both size and color. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using allele-specific PCR with covalently labeled primers for high speed fluorescent SNP typing on microfabricated radial capillary array electrophoresis microplates.
Ligand binding to the PDZ domains of postsynaptic density protein 95 (2016)

Cellular scaffolding and signalling is generally governed by multidomain proteins, where each domain has a particular function. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) is involved in synapse formation and is a typical example of such a multidomain protein. Protein-protein interactions of PSD-95 are well studied and include the following three protein ligands: (i)N-methyl-d-aspartate-type ionotropic glutamate receptor subunit GluN2B, (ii) neuronal nitric oxide synthase and (iii) cysteine-rich protein (CRIPT), all of which bind to one or more of the three PDZ domains in PSD-95. While interactions for individual PDZ domains of PSD-95 have been well studied, less is known about the influence of neighbouring domains on the function of the respective individual domain. We therefore performed a systematic study on the ligand-binding kinetics of PSD-95 using constructs of different size for PSD-95 and its ligands. Regarding the canonical peptide-binding pocket and relatively short peptides (up to 15-mer), the PDZ domains in PSD-95 by and large work as individual binding modules. However, in agreement with previous studies, residues outside of the canonical binding pocket modulate the affinity of the ligands. In particular, the dissociation of the 101 amino acid CRIPT from PSD-95 is slowed down at least 10-fold for full-length PSD-95 when compared with the individual PDZ3 domain.
Raman Laser in a Lithium-Niobate Microresonator (2019)

We demonstrate a multiwavelength Raman laser in a monolithic lithium-niobate microresonator. The first Raman oscillation is observed at a continuous-wave pump threshold power of 20 mW with a differential quantum efficiency of &gt; 45%.
POLARIZATION BEHAVIOR OF PACKED-BED ELECTRODES: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EXPERIMENTAL AND MODELING RESULTS (1985)

Abstract The current distribution and overall polarization behavior of electrodeposition at a flow-through (packed bed or fluidized bed) electrode are modeled by means of a one-dimensional model involving a primary reacting species and a simultaneous side reaction. The model equations are solved by orthogonal collocation; the time and storage requirements compare favorably to those of finite-difference methods. Experimental data obtained using a packed-bed electrode are compared with the model predictions and various methods of fitting the data are compared. KEYWORDS: Packed-bed electrodesPolarizationOrthogonal collocation Additional informationNotes on contributorsJ. ROBERT SELMAN To whom correspondence should be addressd
Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology for the Boards and Wards: Usmle Steps 1, 2, & 3 (2001)

Ophthalmology 1. Basic Embryology 2. Anatomy 3. Loss of Vision 4. Classic Syndromes and Symptoms 5. Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus 6. Cornea and External Diseases 7. Lids/Lacrimal/Orbit 8. Retinopathy 9. Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease 10. Orbital Trauma 11. Eye Drugs Otorhinolaryngology 12. Embryology and Congenital Disorders 13. Headache 14. Ears 15. Dizzy Patient (Vertigo) 16. Noses/Sinuses 17. Outpatient Gastrointestinal Complaints 18. Facial Nerve Disorders 19. Oral Cavity Disorders 20. Salivary Gland Disorders 21. Neck/Throat Disorders 22. Thyroid 23. ENT Trauma 24. Hoarseness 25. Common ENT Drugs
The frequency split method for helical cone-beam reconstruction (2004)

A new approximate method for the utilization of redundant data in helical cone-beam CT is presented. It is based on the observation that the original WEDGE method provides excellent image quality if only little more than 180 degrees data are used for back-projection, and that significant low-frequency artifacts appear if a larger amount of redundant data are used. This degradation is compensated by the frequency split method: The low-frequency part of the image is reconstructed using little more than 180 degrees of data, while the high frequency part is reconstructed using all data. The resulting algorithm shows no cone-beam artifacts in a simulation of a 64-row scanner. It is further shown that the frequency split method hardly degrades the signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed images and that it behaves robustly in the presence of motion.
Template Sol-Gel Synthesis of Phosphorescent Mesoporous Silica Film Nanocomposites Using an Amphiphilic Gold (I) Pyrazolate Complex (2011)

Herein novel mesoporous silica film nanocomposites are successfully synthesized by using phosphorescent columnar assembly of an amphiphilic trinuclear gold (I) pyrazolate complex [Au 3 Pz 3 ] as a functional template in the sol-gel synthesis. By controlling the molar ratios of silica source tetrabutylorthosilicate (TBOS) to [Au 3 Pz 3 ] in an acidic aqueous alcohol solution from 60:1 to 20:1, highly ordered phosphorescent nanocomposites can be fabricated with hexagonal [Au 3 Pz 3 ]/silica hex and lamellar [Au 3 Pz 3 ]/silica lam silicates.
Spatially resolved characterization of ARC films on multicrystalline silicon with a non-contact surface voltage technique (2016)

Novel spatially resolved corona charge-voltage characterization of SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ARC films on multi-crystalline silicon demonstrates significant grain-to-grain differences in surface voltage and low field dielectric leakage. Kelvin-probe surface voltage line scanning and mapping after corona charging enables visualization of leakage related properties and delineation of different regions. In-depth characterization is then performed on selected sites using point source corona charging and time resolved surface voltage. The current-voltage characteristics reveal striking orders of magnitude differences in low field leakage current. It is interpreted as the effect of trap assisted tunneling, TAT. The SiN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> ARC films are also found to exhibit large position dependent stress-induced leakage current, SILC, that is a well-known TAT related phenomenon. TAT is therefore suggested as the leakage mechanism responsible for significant grain-to-grain differences in all properties disclosed in this study. SILC diminishes potential build-up on ARC surfaces and it is identified as a phenomenon decreasing PID susceptibility.
Timing synchronization scheme for OFDM signal in general purpose processor based software defined radio receiver (2012)

Software defined radio (SDR) is a technology that allows a single terminal to support various kinds of wireless systems by changing its software to reconfigure the wireless terminal. As a software defined radio (SDR) receiver platform, Sora has been developed recently, which is based on a general purpose processors (GPPs). In the SDR receiver, timing synchronization of OFDM signal consumes a significant amount of computational power in the GPP. In this paper, a new time synchronization scheme for the GPP based SDR platform is proposed. The proposed scheme reduces the amount of data transmission between the memory and the GPP. It is shown through the experiment that the proposed scheme reduces the number of cycles for timing synchronization by 1/5.