gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RF-MEMS Capacitive Switches Fabricated Using Printed Circuit Processing Techniques (2006)

This paper presents radio frequency microelectromechanical systems (RF-MEMS) capacitive switches fabricated using printed circuit processing techniques. The key feature of this approach is the use of most commonly used flexible circuit film, Kapton E polyimide film, as the movable switch membrane. The physical dimensions of these switches are in the mesoscale range. For example, electrode area of a typical capacitive shunt switch on coplanar waveguide (CPW) is 2 mmtimes1 mm, respectively. A CPW shunt switch with insertion loss <0.4 dB and isolation >10 dB in the frequency range of 8 to 30 GHz is reported. K-band, Ku-band, and X-band high-isolation CPW shunt switches designed by inductive compensation of the switch down-position capacitance are also presented. Inductance compensation has been implemented by introducing inductive step-in-width junctions in the MEMS switch electrode. The K-band switch provides a maximum isolation value of 54 dB at 18 GHz. For the K-band switch, the insertion loss is less than 0.3-0.4 dB in the frequency range of 1-30 GHz and the isolation values are better than 20 dB in the frequency range of 12 to 30 GHz. The Ku-band switch provides a maximum isolation of 46 dB at 16.5 GHz. For the Ku-band switch, the insertion loss is less than 0.4-0.45 dB in the frequency range of 1-30 GHz and the isolation is greater than 20 dB in the frequency range of 12 to 22 GHz. The X-band switch provides a maximum isolation value of 32 dB at 10.6 GHz. The insertion loss is less than 0.25-0.3 dB in the frequency range of 1-18 GHz and the isolation is better than 20 dB in the frequency range of 8.5 to 13.5 GHz for the X-band switch. The measured typical pull-down voltage is in the range of 100-120 for this type of switches. These switches are uniquely suitable for monolithic integration with printed circuits and antennas on organic laminate substrates
A review of beam shaping strategies for LED lighting (2011)

Light emitting diodes are routinely used for general and specialized lighting tasks such as automotive headlights, streetlights, luminaires, and medical illuminators. Because of their small size and directionality, LEDs enable unique light collection and shaping techniques. This paper reviews strategies that can be used to shape light according to a desired target distribution given target uniformity and system compactness constraints imposed by each application. We address design techniques for LED secondary optics, including TIR lenses, freeform reflectors, and lens and mirror arrays.
Assessing the potential of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products to cause mutagenic effects: Implications for gene expression profiling (2016)

The selection and prioritization of pharmaceuticals and their transformation products for evaluating effects on the environment and human health is a challenging task. One common approach is based on compounds (e.g., mixture composition, concentrations), and another on biology (e.g., relevant endpoint, biological organizational level). Both of these approaches often resemble a Lernaean Hydra-they can create more questions than answers. The present study embraces this complexity, providing an integrated approach toward assessing the potential effects of transformation products of pharmaceuticals by means of mutagenicity, estrogenicity, and differences in the gene expression profiles. Mutagenicity using the tk kinase assay was applied to assess a list of 11 priority pharmaceuticals, namely, atenolol, azithromycin, carbamazepine, diclofenac, ibuprofen, erythromycin, metoprolol, ofloxacin, propranolol, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim. The most mutagenic compounds were found to be β-blockers. In parallel, the photolabile pharmaceuticals were assessed for their mixture effects on mutagenicity (tk assay), estrogenicity (T47D- KBluc assay), and gene expression (microarrays). Interestingly, the mixtures were mutagenic at the µg/L level, indicating a synergistic effect. None of the photolysed mixtures were statistically significantly estrogenic. Gene expression profiling revealed effects related mainly to certain pathways, those of the p53 gene, mitogen-activated protein kinase, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism, and translation-related (spliceosome). Fourteen phototransformation products are proposed based on the m/z values found through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. The transformation routes of the photolysed mixtures indicate a strong similarity with those obtained for each pharmaceutical separately. This finding reinforces the view that transformation products are to be expected in naturally occurring mixtures. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:2753-2764. © 2016 SETAC.
31P Nmr Kinetic Studies of Alkylation Chemistry of N,N'-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)Phosphordiamidic Acid and its Congeners (1990)

Abstract Ifosfmide (I), like isomeric cyclophosphmide, belongs to the most eZfective anticancer drugs currently in clinically therapeutic use. It has been demonstrated that I require metabolic activation to exert its cytotoxic activity.
Self-perpetuating structural states in biology, disease, and genetics (2002)

Emotions coordinate our behavior and physiological states during survival-salient events and pleasurable interactions. Even though we are often consciously aware of our current emotional state, such as anger or happiness, the mechanisms giving ...Emotions are often felt in the body, and somatosensory feedback has been proposed to trigger conscious emotional experiences. Here we reveal maps of bodily sensations associated with different emotions using a unique topographical self-report method. In ...
Clinical Experience of the Klippel-Trenaunay Syndrome (2015)

KTS is an extremely rare, multifactorial disorder that induces widely varied symptoms. Because of this unique feature, plastic surgeons, when not careful, tend to attach a one-sided importance to typical symptoms such as limb hypertrophy or capillary malformation and thus overlook other symptoms and clinical features. KTS can be suspected in all infants who show capillary malformations or limb hypertrophy and require a multi-disciplinary approach for comprehensive management.
Nonuniformity correction and restoration of passive millimeter-wave images (2001)

We discuss methods of improving the quality and resolution of passive millimeter-wave images, particularly those obtained using the Defense Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) MITRE imager and the more recent MERIT imager. This later real time imager consists of some novel optics followed by a conical scanner in the form of a disk rotating about an axis through its center and tilted with respect to its normal. A horizontal array of receivers is scanned such that each receiver performs a conical scan pattern in the scene. The resulting image, which has a 40x20 deg field of view, consists of a series of circles whose centers are uniformly displaced horizontally. Each receiver is calibrated initially using a two point correction but then drifts in time and a scene based correction is applied. Following preprocessing the images are superresolved using nonlinear restoration techniques. Two such techniques are described. The first is an error energy reduction algorithm that uses background subtraction and the second assumes a Lorentzian distribution of gradients within an image. Both are able to superresolve without significantly enhancing the noise. These various processes are described and images presented.
Highly-Efficient and Composable Password-Protected Secret Sharing (Or: How to Protect Your Bitcoin Wallet Online). (2016)

PPSS is a central primitive introduced by Bagherzandi et al. [2] which allows a user to store a secret among n servers such that the user can later reconstruct the secret with the sole possession of a single password by contacting t + 1 (t.
Test And Measuring Methods To Analyse Undulation Effects On Micromachined Optical Surfaces Generated By Vibration On Precision Machinery (1986)

Transmitting and illuminating optical surfaces are machined by different processes. Grinding and polishing technologies are mainly used for glass or other non metallic materials to get the right surface figure and optical function. Milling processes like &quot;fly-cutting&quot;using a single point crystal diamond tool are major processes to machine metal optics. The static, kinematic and dynamic behaviour of inserted machining tool is responsible for the design quality of the optical products. Testing and analyzing methods to describe the dynaknic compliance behaviour of machine tool are well known for common milling, turning and grinding machines. This paper describes an improved testing method to analyze undulation problems on micro-machined surfaces for precision machines. The process influencing machine behaviour is recognized by the frequency depending com-pliance characteristic. A non contact laser vibration measurement is used to registrate vibrating machine tool parts. Measuring methods like modal analysis are applied to give a good impression of machine tool deformation behaviour. Results of different tests are presented. An illustration for plottable test statements will be given for a precision milling machine. Selected parts of the machine structure were rebuilt and improved the dynamic behaviour of the tested machine. Increasing undulation marks and a good surface figure are recorded on process tests.
High performance real-time neural scheduler for ATM switches (2000)

Input-buffered asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) packet switches are simpler than output-buffered switches. However, due to HOL blocking, their throughput is poor. Neural schedulers represent a promising solution for high throughput input-buffered switching, but their response time variance is too high for realistic hard real-time constraints. To overcome this problem, we formulate and evaluate a new neural scheduler with bounded response time.
The role of artificial defects for engineering large effective mode area, flat chromatic dispersion, and low leakage losses in photonic crystal fibers: Towards high speed reconfigurable transmission platforms (2006)

The present paper describes a novel systematic solution to the challenging task of realizing photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) with flat chromatic dispersion, low leakage losses, and large mode area, mainly for applications as information carriers in wide-band high speed optical transmission systems. The proposed design strategy is based on the existence of an artificially-defected air-hole ring in the cladding and on the modulation of the refractive index of the core by assembling additional defected air-holes in the central core region of the fiber. The validation of the proposed design is carried out by adopting an efficient full-vectorial finite element method with perfectly matched layers for accurate characterization of PCFs. The remarkable flat chromatic dispersion as well as the large mode area and the low leakage losses are the main advantages of the proposed PCF structure, making it an ideal candidate for performing wavelength division multiplexing operation in reconfigurable optical transmission systems or as an information delivering platform in high speed optical communication systems. Typical characteristics of the newly proposed PCF are: flattened chromatic dispersion of 6.3+/-0.5 ps/km/nm in the S+C+L telecommunication band, and effective mode area as large as 100 microm(2) in the same wavelength range. We additionally provide numerical data about the performance of the proposed PCF in splicing mode as well as during macrobending operation and we give qualitative information regarding the sensitivity of the proposed transmission platform to structural disorders of the design parameters.
Validation of SHACL Constraints over KGs with OWL 2 QL Ontologies via Rewriting (2019)

Constraints have traditionally been used to ensure data quality. Recently, several constraint languages such as SHACL, as well as mechanisms for constraint validation, have been proposed for Knowledge Graphs (KGs). KGs are often enhanced with ontologies that define relevant background knowledge in a formal language such as OWL 2 QL. However, existing systems for constraint validation either ignore these ontologies, or compile ontologies and constraints into rules that should be executed by some rule engine. In the latter case, one has to rely on different systems when validating constrains over KGs and over ontology-enhanced KGs. In this work, we address this problem by defining rewriting techniques that allow to compile an OWL 2 QL ontology and a set of SHACL constraints into another set of SHACL constraints. We show that in the general case the rewriting may not exists, but it always exists for the positive fragment of SHACL. Our rewriting techniques allow to validate constraints over KGs with and without ontologies using the same SHACL validation engines.
Highly potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 multivalent DARPin therapeutic candidates (2020)

Abstract Globally accessible therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 are urgently needed. Here, we report the generation of the first anti-SARS-CoV-2 DARPin molecules with therapeutic potential as well as rapid large-scale production capabilities. Highly potent multivalent DARPin molecules with low picomolar virus neutralization efficacies were generated by molecular linkage of three different monovalent DARPin molecules. These multivalent DARPin molecules target various domains of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, thereby limiting possible viral escape. Cryo-EM analysis of individual monovalent DARPin molecules provided structural explanations for the mode of action. Analysis of the protective efficacy of one multivalent DARPin molecule in a hamster SARS-CoV-2 infection model demonstrated a significant reduction of pathogenesis. Taken together, the multivalent DARPin molecules reported here, one of which has entered clinical studies, constitute promising therapeutics against the COVID-19 pandemic.
Abstract 46: A new class of precision therapeutics that inhibit prostate cancer mediated bone destruction (2021)

Abstract The destructive nature of bone metastases dominates the clinical management of advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and is a common cause of morbidity and mortality. Our current ability to therapeutically target this process is limited. Here we describe the synthesis and functional characterization of the first-in-class Dual Acting Bone Defending agents (DABDs), which couple a small molecule therapeutic that inhibits cell movement to bone trophic bisphosphonates. Upfront in-vitro screens assessed DABD efficacy at inhibiting PCa cell migration and invasion and osteoclast mediated bone destruction. Systemic models of PCa metastasis, inclusive of intracardiac (IC) and intratibial (IT) injection models, were deployed to characterize tolerance and efficacy in-vivo. Finally, in-vitro characterization of DABD molecular mechanism of action was performed, as guided by the existing knowledge base related to the parental compounds. Results demonstrated that DABDs inhibit PCa cell migration and invasion, chemically bind hydroxyappetite, and inhibit osteoclast mediated bone destruction in vitro. Following IC injection of PCa cells, a model where cells are placed into circulation, metastasize to bone, grow and induce bone destruction, emulating the clinical scenario in humans, DABD treatment inhibited circulating PCa cells from forming new bone metastasis and prolonged life in a dose-dependent fashion. In the IT mouse models of established metastatic lesions, DABDs induce reversion of PCa cell growth and disrupt further bone destruction. DABDs at doses 1000 fold higher than those associated with efficacy are well tolerated. At the molecular level, DABDs retain the molecular mechanisms of action of their constituent chemicals. They inhibit farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), in the mevalonate pathway, leading to decreased prenylation of small GTPases, including the Ras related protein, Rap-1A, as well as inhibit Raf1 activation, inducing apoptosis and impaired cell movement, respectively. DABDs are a new class of agents that inhibit formation of new bone metastasis, revert growth of established metastasis, prolong life, and have a high potential for improving clinical outcome in humans. Citation Format: Ryan R. Gordon, Abhinandan Pattanayak, Wenqi Li, Raymond Bergan. A new class of precision therapeutics that inhibit prostate cancer mediated bone destruction [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 46.
Isolated fallopian tubal torsion with underdiagnosed entity: a case report (2022)

Isolated fallopian tubal torsion refers to twisting only the tube without involving the ipsilateral ovary. This is a rare type of adenexal torsion and is a gynecological emergency. Since this disease mostly occurs in women of childbearing age, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are more important issues. It is known that ovarian cyst torsion occurs well in sizes greater than 5 cm, but the epidemiology of isolated fallopian tubal torsion is unknown. Even clinically, in patients complaining of abdominal discomfort, a small andexal cyst is difficult to consider as a cause of pain. We presented an isolated fallopian tubal torsion case that can be twisted despite its small size.
Barrier-Height Imaging of Si(001) 2 × n (1998)

We have carried out barrier-height imaging on clean Si(001) 2 ×1 and Ni-contaminated 2 × n surfaces and investigated the local barrier-height variation at and around Ni-related dimer-vacancy (DV) defects which are referred to as (1+2)-DVs. The barrier-height images show atomic contrast which conforms nicely with corresponding constant-current scanning-tunneling-microscopy (STM) topographs. No strong defect-induced modification was observed in the local barrier height at (1+2)-DV. Our direct barrier-height measurements thus provide a negative result on the barrier-height reduction at (1+2)-DV, which was predicted by Ukraintsev et al . [Surf. Sci. 388 (1997) 132)].
Data from MYC Phosphorylation, Activation, and Tumorigenic Potential in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Are Regulated by HMG-CoA Reductase (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;MYC is a potential target for many cancers but is not amenable to existing pharmacologic approaches. Inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) by statins has shown potential efficacy against a number of cancers. Here, we show that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase by atorvastatin (AT) blocks both MYC phosphorylation and activation, suppressing tumor initiation and growth &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; in a transgenic model of MYC-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) as well as in human HCC-derived cell lines. To confirm specificity, we show that the antitumor effects of AT are blocked by cotreatment with the HMG-CoA reductase product mevalonate. Moreover, by using a novel molecular imaging sensor, we confirm that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase blocks MYC phosphorylation &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Importantly, the introduction of phosphorylation mutants of MYC at Ser62 or Thr58 into tumors blocks their sensitivity to inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase. Finally, we show that inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase suppresses MYC phosphorylation through Rac GTPase. Therefore, HMG-CoA reductase is a critical regulator of MYC phosphorylation, activation, and tumorigenic properties. The inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase may be a useful target for the treatment of MYC-associated HCC as well as other tumors. &lt;i&gt;Cancer Res; 71(6); 2286–97. ©2011 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
The Oxidation of Fe(II) in Acidic Sulfate Solutions with Air at Elevated Pressures. Part 2. Influence of H2SO4 and Fe(III) (2017)

The oxidation of ferrous ions in acidic sulfate solutions at elevated air pressures was investigated. The effect of the Fe2+ concentration, Fe3+ concentration, H2SO4 concentration, and partial oxygen pressure on the reaction rate were determined at three different temperatures, that is, T = 90, 70, and 50 °C. A second order of reaction in Fe2+ and a first order of reaction in O2 were determined, respectively. A slight inhibition by Fe3+ on the Fe2+ oxidation reaction was observed. The reaction is first order in Fe3+ in the kinetic term for the inhibition by Fe3+. Concentrations of H2SO4 up to 1 M result in a fractional negative order of −0.6; concentrations of H2SO4 above 1 M result in a zero order. One kinetic equation for the oxidation of Fe2+ was postulated, in which the order of reaction in H2SO4 is changed depending on the H2SO4 concentration. RFE2+ = −d[Fe2+]/dt = k[Fe2+]2PO2[H2SO4]c/(1 + A[Fe3+]), with c = −0.6 for [H2SO4] < 1 M, and c = 0 for [H2SO4] > 1 M. The activation energy was determined to be EA = 62.1 kJ/mol. The order c in H2SO4 is either −0.6 or zero, depending on the H2SO4 concentration.
An Efficient Partial Power Processing DC/DC Converter for Distributed PV Architectures (2013)

In this paper, a dc/dc power converter for distributed photovoltaic (PV) plant architectures is presented. The proposed converter has the advantages of simplicity, high efficiency, and low cost. High efficiency is achieved by having a portion of the input PV power directly fed forward to the output without being processed by the converter. The operation of this converter allows for a simplified maximum power point tracker design using fewer measurements. The stability analysis of the distributed PV system comprised of the proposed dc/dc converters confirms the stable operation even with a large number of deployed converters. The experimental results show a composite weighted efficiency of 98.22% with very high maximum power point tracking efficiency.