gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low damage dry etch for III-nitride light emitters (2015)

We have developed a dry etch process for the fabrication of lithographically defined features close to light emitting layers in the III-nitride material system. The dry etch was tested for its effect on the internal quantum efficiency of c-plane InGaN quantum wells using the photoluminescence of a test structure with two active regions. No change was observed in the internal quantum efficiency of the test active region when the etched surface was greater than 71 nm away. To demonstrate the application of the developed dry etch process, surface-etched air gaps were fabricated 275 nm away from the active region of an m-plane InGaN/GaN laser diode and served as the waveguide upper cladding. Electrically injected lasing was observed without the need for regrowth or recovery anneals. This dry etch opens up a new design tool that can be utilized in the next generation of GaN light emitters.
Game theoretic analysis of sublicensing for PAL and GAA bands in spectrum access system (2017)

Motivated by recent efforts in enabling economic models for spectrum sharing systems, in particular, for the Spectrum Access System in the US, we propose a game theoretic analysis of sublicensing between two types of access methods in such system - PAL and GAA. The aim of this paper is to illustrate how the operators' strategies affect their own payoffs and the overall utility in the Sublicenseing Game in a spectrum sharing system. We consider the problem of spectrum sharing among multiple operators who have to pay for a temporary PAL sublicense with the exclusive right to the PAL band or stay in the GAA band and share the spectrum for free with other GAA users. We first formulate this scenario as a noncooperative game, and then study the existence of a Nash equilibrium. Finally, to reduce the overall utility loss we let the spectrum sharing platform to coordinate individual operators by forming pair coalitions for them. According to our findings, when an operator has a large number of subscribers GAA band is the best response and a high PAL sublicense price holds back operators to access the PAL band. Additionally, making equal coalitions among operators can avoid overall utility loss.
American Society of Cinematographers Motion Imaging Technology Council Progress Report 2021 (2021)

As we reflect on the disruptive impact that the pandemic has inflicted upon our personal and professional lives, I marvel at the resilience of our Motion Imaging Technology Council’s determination to continue addressing the rapidly evolving digital imaging technology challenges that are confronting filmmakers. Since its formation in 2002 as the ASC Technology Committee, our agenda over the years has consistently identified the critical technology developments driving the evolution of digital production workflows. The unique nature of our mission has always been the fusion of a solid scientific and engineering knowledge base with a laser focus on how these technologies can best benefit the cinematographer’s ability to utilize them to enhance their creative vision.
Thianthrene polymers as 4 V-class organic mediators for redox targeting reaction with LiMn2O4 in flow batteries (2023)

Redox targeting reaction is an emerging idea for boosting the energy density of redox-flow batteries: mobile redox mediators transport electrical charges in the cells, whereas large-density electrode-active materials are fixed in tanks. This study reports 4 V-class organic polymer mediators using thianthrene derivatives as redox units. The higher potentials than conventional organic mediators (up to 3.8 V) enable charging LiMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> as an inorganic cathode offering a large theoretical volumetric capacity of 500 Ah/L. Soluble or nanoparticle polymer design is beneficial for suppressing crossover reactions (ca. 3% after 300 h), simultaneously contributing to mediation reactions. The successful mediation cycles observed by repeated charging/discharging steps indicate the future capability of designing particle-based redox targeting systems with porous separators, benefiting from higher energy density and lower cost.
Statistical guarantee of timeliness in networks of IoT devices (2022)

Abstract The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm, has opened up the possibility of using the ubiquity of small devices to route information without the necessity of being connected to a Wide Area Network (WAN). Use cases of IoT devices sending updates that are routed and delivered by other IoT devices have been proposed in the literature. In this paper we focus on receivers only interested in the freshest updates from the sending device. In particular, the dynamic network created by routing/gossiping through small devices creates the possibility of delivering updates out of order. Thus, the entire process can be studied well through a queueing system with infinitely many servers, all serving updates with a random service time. Age of Information (AoI) was proposed as the main metric to measure information freshness. We study the amount of time that the AoI is over a certain threshold at the receiver end as a Quality of Service (QoS) measure, called update outage probability. Particularly, given the recent interest in the literature for time domain analysis of the AoI, we obtain the exact expressions for the AoI, peak AoI (pAoI), effective service time and effective departure time distributions for an M/M/ $$\infty $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> </mml:math> queuing system from a time domain perspective, and study the interdependence between the various parameters involved in order to satisfy a given statistical constraint on timeliness.
Quantum-dot-based white lighting planar source through downconversion by blue electroluminescence (2014)

We report the unprecedented fabrication of a planar white lighting quantum dot light-emitting diode (QD-LED) through integrating a CdZnS QD-based blue electroluminescence (EL) device with a free-standing polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) composite film embedded with orange-emitting Cu-In-S (CIS) green-greenish yellow-emitting Cu-In-Ga-S (CIGS) QDs. The hybrid device successfully generates bicolored white emission that comprises blue EL and downconverted QD photoluminescence. The hybrid QD-LEDs loaded with the composite film embedded with one type of QDs exhibit a limited white spectral coverage, consequently producing low values (<65) in color rendering index (CRI). Thus, the QD-PMMA film consisting of a blend of green CIGS and orange CIS QD downconverters is applied for obtaining a higher-CRI white light through the spectral extension, resulting in a much improved CRI of 75-77. Various EL performances of the hybrid planar white device versus the reference blue QD-LED are also characterized in details.
736: The Effect of Prostate Biopsy Timing on Staging by Prostate MRI in the Treatment of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer (2007)

hematoxylin and eosin pathological analysis, representative sections from each quadrant of the prostate gland were stained for prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA is the same antibody utilized in the 111 indium-capromab pentetide scan. A genitourinary pathologist and nuclear medicine physician were blind to the results of the imaging findings when completing his own assessment. PSMA immunohistochemistry (IHC) was correlated by a neutral observer to the 3-dimensional location of the PSMA signal detected on the 111-indiumcapromab pentetide /CT scan.
Glycosphingolipid metabolism and its role in ageing and Parkinson’s disease (2021)

It is well established that lysosomal glucocerebrosidase gene (GBA) variants are a risk factor for Parkinson's disease (PD), with increasing evidence suggesting a loss of function mechanism. One question raised by this genetic association is whether variants of genes involved in other aspects of sphingolipid metabolism are also associated with PD. Recent studies in sporadic PD have identified variants in multiple genes linked to diseases of glycosphingolipid (GSL) metabolism to be associated with PD. GSL biosynthesis is a complex pathway involving the coordinated action of multiple enzymes in the Golgi apparatus. GSL catabolism takes place in the lysosome and is dependent on the action of multiple acid hydrolases specific for certain substrates and glycan linkages. The finding that variants in multiple GSL catabolic genes are over-represented in PD in a heterozygous state highlights the importance of GSLs in the healthy brain and how lipid imbalances and lysosomal dysfunction are associated with normal ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this article we will explore the link between lysosomal storage disorders and PD, the GSL changes seen in both normal ageing, lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and PD and the mechanisms by which these changes can affect neurodegeneration.
White-Point Independant RGB Primaries for Color Image Encoding (2002)

We present a method to calculate sets of RGB primaries that are white-point independent and have suitable gamut properties when evaluated with regards to surface colors. These primaries can be used as a basis for defining an output-referred color encoding intended for print applications. The resulting RGB sensors are sharp, i.e. decorrelated, emphasizing again that for imaging applications, the choice of a chromatic adaptation transform based on sharp sensors might be most appropriate.
A recyclable bifunctional acid–base organocatalyst with ionic liquid character. The role of site separation and spatial configuration on different condensation reactions (2011)

A series of bifunctional organic catalysts containing acid and basic sites with ionic liquid characteristics have been prepared and their catalytic activity and reaction coordinate for aldol and Knoevenagel condensations have been compared. While the only factor controlling catalyst activity for the Knoevenagel condensation was the distance between the acid and base sites, the spatial orientation of the organocatalyst is also key to achieve high activity and selectivity in the Claisen-Schmidt condensation. Mechanistic studies based on theoretical DFT calculations show that the acid-base bifunctional organocatalyst follows a mechanism inspired in natural aldolases for the synthesis of trans-chalcones, being able to produce a large variety of these compounds of industrial interest. The combination of the acid-base pairs within the proper geometry and the ionic liquid nature makes this catalyst active, selective and recyclable.
Characterization of FRM-36143 as a new γ-secretase modulator for the potential treatment of familial Alzheimer’s disease (2016)

FRM-36143 possesses all the characteristics of a GSM in terms of Aβ modulation Because FRM-36143 was able to reverse the effect of PS mutations, we suggest that targeting patients with this genetic defect would be the best approach at testing the efficacy of a GSM in the clinic. While the amyloid hypothesis is still being tested with β-site APP-cleaving enzyme inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies in sporadic AD, we believe it is not a hypothesis for FAD. Since GSMs can correct the molecular defect caused by PS mutations, they have the promise to provide benefits to the patients when treated early enough in the course of the disease.
Oscillatory multiphase flow strategy for chemistry and biology (2016)

Continuous multiphase flow strategies are commonly employed for high-throughput parameter screening of physical, chemical, and biological processes as well as continuous preparation of a wide range of fine chemicals and micro/nano particles with processing times up to 10 min. The inter-dependency of mixing and residence times, and their direct correlation with reactor length have limited the adaptation of multiphase flow strategies for studies of processes with relatively long processing times (0.5–24 h). In this frontier article, we describe an oscillatory multiphase flow strategy to decouple mixing and residence times and enable investigation of longer timescale experiments than typically feasible with conventional continuous multiphase flow approaches. We review current oscillatory multiphase flow technologies, provide an overview of the advancements of this relatively new strategy in chemistry and biology, and close with a perspective on future opportunities.
Introduction to biological and small molecule drug research and development : theory and case studies (2013)

Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development provides, for the first time, an introduction to the science behind successful pharmaceutical research and development programs. The book explains basic principles, then compares and contrasts approaches to both biopharmaceuticals (proteins) and small molecule drugs, presenting an overview of the business and management issues of these approaches. The latter part of the book provides carefully selected real-life case studies illustrating how the theory presented in the first part of the book is actually put into practice. Studies include Herceptin/T-DM1, erythropoietin (Epogen/Eprex/NeoRecormon), anti-HIV protease inhibitor Darunavir, and more. Introduction to Biological and Small Molecule Drug Research and Development is intended for late-stage undergraduates or postgraduates studying chemistry (at the biology interface), biochemistry, medicine, pharmacy, medicine, or allied subjects. The book is also useful in a wide variety of science degree courses, in post-graduate taught material (Masters and PhD), and as basic background reading for scientists in the pharmaceutical industry. * For the first time, the fundamental scientific principles of biopharmaceuticals and small molecule chemotherapeutics are discussed side-by-side at a basic level* Edited by three senior scientists with over 100 years of experience in drug research who have compiled the best scientific comparison of small molecule and biopharmaceuticals approaches to new drugs* Illustrated with key examples of important drugs that exemplify the basic principles of pharmaceutical drug research and development
ChemInform Abstract: Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase and Prospects for Therapy in Inflammatory Diseases (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comparison of distance measures for video copy detection (2001)

Content-based copy detection (CBCD) is a complementary approach to watermarking for detecting copies of media. Watermarking relies on the ability to detect from a copy a distinct pattern that was introduced into the original media. CBCD techniques detect copies by measuring distances between content-based signatures extracted from the original and the copy. The critical challenge in content-based copy detection is the design of signatures, which are invariant to the differences in quality across copies of the same media (resolution, compression and digitization effects). Most of the distance measures used in image retrieval have been developed without much consideration to these types of variations between copies. This paper examines the use of several image distance measures in the context of video copy detection and compares their performances.
FdeC, a Novel Broadly Conserved Escherichia coli Adhesin Eliciting Protection against Urinary Tract Infections (2012)

Pathogenic Escherichia coli strains are involved in a diverse spectrum of diseases, including intestinal and extraintestinal infections (urinary tract infections and sepsis). The absence of a broadly protective vaccine against all these E. coli strains is a major problem for modern society due to high costs to health care systems. Here, we describe the structural and functional properties of a recently reported protective antigen, named FdeC, and elucidated its putative role during extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli infection by using both in vitro and in vivo infection models. The conservation of FdeC among strains of different E. coli pathotypes highlights its potential as a component of a broadly protective vaccine against extraintestinal and intestinal E. coli infections.
Metallurgical Coke Production with Biomass Additives: Study of Biocoke Properties for Blast Furnace and Submerged Arc Furnace Purposes (2022)

Biocoke has the potential to reduce the fossil-based materials in metallurgical processes, along with mitigating anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>- and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Reducing those emissions is possible by using bio-based carbon, which is CO<sub>2</sub>-neutral, as a partial replacement of fossil carbon. In this paper, the effect of adding 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 wt.% biomass pellets on the reactivity, the physicomechanical, and electrical properties of biocoke was established to assess the possibility of using it as a fuel and reducing agent for a blast furnace (BF) or as a carbon source in a submerged arc furnace (SAF). Biocoke was obtained under laboratory conditions at final coking temperatures of 950 or 1100 °C. Research results indicate that for BF purposes, 5 wt.% biomass additives are the maximum as the reactivity increases and the strength after reaction with CO<sub>2</sub> decreases. On the other hand, biocoke's physicomechanical and electrical properties, obtained at a carbonization temperature of 950 °C, can be considered a promising option for the SAF.
High‐efficiency phosphorescent OLED technology (2003)

Abstract— Universal Display Corp. (UDC), together with its academic partners at Princeton University and the University of Southern California, are developing high‐efficiency electrophosphorescent small‐molecule OLED devices, based on triplet emission. These device systems show good lifetimes, and are well suited for the commercialization of low‐power‐consumption full‐color active‐matrix OLED displays. In this paper we also show how these phosphorescent devices may be driven by low‐cost amorphous‐silicon backplanes, and discuss benefits that could be gained by employing bistable OLED pixels.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Rifaximin alters gut microbiota profile, but does not affect systemic inflammation - a randomized controlled trial in common variable immunodeficiency (2019)

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) patients have reduced gut microbial diversity compared to healthy controls. The reduced diversity is associated with gut leakage, increased systemic inflammation and ten "key" bacteria that capture the gut dysbiosis (dysbiosis index) in CVID. Rifaximin is a broad-spectrum non-absorbable antibiotic known to reduce gut leakage (lipopolysaccharides, LPS) in liver disease. In this study, we explored as a 'proof of concept' that altering gut microbial composition could reduce systemic inflammation, using CVID as a disease model. Forty adult CVID patients were randomized, (1:1) to twice-daily oral rifaximin 550 mg versus no treatment for 2 weeks in an open-label, single-centre study. Primary endpoints were reduction in plasma/serum levels of soluble (s) CD14, sCD25, sCD163, neopterin, CRP, TNF, LPS and selected cytokines measured at 0, 2 and 8 weeks. Secondary endpoint was changes in intra-individual bacterial diversity in stool samples. Rifaximin-use did not significantly change any of the inflammation or gut leakage markers, but decreased gut microbial diversity compared with no treatment (p = 0.002). Importantly, the gut bacteria in the CVID dysbiosis index were not changed by rifaximin. The results suggest that modulating gut microbiota by rifaximin is not the chosen intervention to affect systemic inflammation, at least not in CVID.
Sparsity Constrained Nonlinear Optimization: Optimality Conditions and Algorithms (2012)

This paper treats the problem of minimizing a general continuously differentiable function subject to sparsity constraints. We present and analyze several different optimality criteria which are based on the notions of stationarity and coordinate-wise optimality. These conditions are then used to derive three numerical algorithms aimed at finding points satisfying the resulting optimality criteria: the iterative hard thresholding method and the greedy and partial sparse-simplex methods. The first algorithm is essentially a gradient projection method while the remaining two algorithms are of coordinate descent type. The theoretical convergence of these methods and their relations to the derived optimality conditions are studied. The algorithms and results are illustrated by several numerical examples.
A Novel Approach To Determine the Glyphosate Tolerant Trait in Soybeans (2004)

The ability of soybean breeders to accurately, economically, and rapidly determine the transfer of the CP4 gene, the gene which confers soybean tolerance to the herbicide glyphosate, to elite soybean lines is essential to development of new glyphosate tolerant soybean (GTS) cultivars. This research focused on a simple greenhouse screening procedure to replace large, costly, and laborious field screening. Non-GTS seed was determined to be susceptible to soaking in a 1% glyphosate solution for 4 h. This process is quicker, more efficient, and as reliable as field screening for determination of glyphosate susceptibility in soybean seed. Furthermore, this research clearly demonstrates that the metabolic pathway of glyphosate activity, the shikimate acid pathway, is active, and the target enzyme of glyphosate, 5-enol-pyruvyl-shikimate-3-phosphate synthase, is present during seed germination.
The Need for Quantitative SPECT in Clinical Brain Examinations (2016)

This report describes details of the requirements and practical procedures for quantitative assessments of biological functional parametric images of the brain using 123I-labeled tracers and clinical SPECT systems. With due understanding of the physics and the biological background, this is considered achievable even under clinical environments, provided that data are appropriately acquired, processed, and analyzed. This article discusses how potential hurdles have been overcome for quantitatively assessing quantitative functional parametric images in clinical settings, with successful examples that provided additional clinically useful information.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Adoptive Transfer of MART-1 T-Cell Receptor Transgenic Lymphocytes and Dendritic Cell Vaccination in Patients with Metastatic Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 470KB, Chest X-rays of patients F5-12 and 14 who developed SAEs of acute respiratory distress.&lt;/p&gt;
Fixed- vs. variable-length patterns for detecting suspicious process behavior (2000)

This paper addresses the problem of creating patterns that can be used to model the normal behavior of a given process. The models can be used for intrusion-detection purposes. First, we present a novel method to generate input data sets that enable
Choroidal thinning in high myopia measured by optical coherence tomography (2013)

The highly myopic choroid might gradually thin and be affected by many factors. Location and axial length are key factors to regulate the rate of choroidal thinning in highly myopic eyes. Overall choroidal thickness was not found to change significantly. Longer follow-ups are needed.