gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The μO‐conotoxin MrVIA inhibits voltage‐gated sodium channels by associating with domain‐3 (2006)

Several families of peptide toxins from cone snails affect voltage-gated sodium (Na(V)) channels: mu-conotoxins block the pore, delta-conotoxins inhibit channel inactivation, and muO-conotoxins inhibit Na(V) channels by an unknown mechanism. The only currently known muO-conotoxins MrVIA and MrVIB from Conus marmoreus were applied to cloned rat skeletal muscle (Na(V)1.4) and brain (Na(V)1.2) sodium channels in mammalian cells. A systematic domain-swapping strategy identified the C-terminal pore loop of domain-3 as the major determinant for Na(V)1.4 being more potently blocked than Na(V)1.2 channels. muO-conotoxins therefore show an interaction pattern with Na(V) channels that is clearly different from the related mu- and delta-conotoxins, indicative of a distinct molecular mechanism of channel inhibition.
Notice of Retraction: Automatic generation of weld models for railway rolling stock (2010)

This article has been retracted by the publisher.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel γ-Aminobutyric Acid Type A (GABAA) Receptor Ligand That Combines Outstanding Metabolic Stability, Pharmacokinetics, and Anxiolytic Efficacy (2016)

1,4-Benzodiazepines are used in the treatment of anxiety disorders but have limited long-term use due to adverse effects. HZ-166 (2) has been shown to have anxiolytic-like effects with reduced sedative/ataxic liabilities. A 1,3-oxazole KRM-II-81 (9) was discovered from a series of six bioisosteres with significantly improved pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties as compared to 2. Oxazole 9 was further characterized and exhibited improved anxiolytic-like effects in a mouse marble burying assay and a rat Vogel conflict test.
Low-Profile Self-Sealing Sample Transfer Flexure Box (2017)

A flexural bearing mechanism has enabled the development of a self-sealing box for protecting air sensitive samples during transfer between glove boxes, micro-machining equipment, and microscopy equipment. The simplicity and self-actuating feature of this design makes it applicable to many devices that operate under vacuum conditions. The models used to design the flexural mechanism are presented in detail. The device has been tested in a Zeiss Merlin GEMINI II scanning electron microscope with Li3PS4 particles, showing effective isolation from air and corrosion prevention.
High-performance solid electrolyte CO/sub 2/ sensor fitted with binary carbonate electrode (2002)

A simple potentiometric CO/sub 2/ sensor based on an Na/sup +/-conducting solid electrolyte (NASICON) was found to be greatly improved in response time and water-vapor resistance by using a binary carbonate electrode of BaCO/sub 3/-Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/. For a wide range of CO/sub 2/ concentration from 4 to 400000 ppm, the electromotive force examined at 823 K followed a Nernst's equation excellently, with a 90% response time of as short as 8 s or less. Water vapor hardly affected the sensor characteristics, in contrast to the case of a pure Na/sub 2/CO/sub 3/ electrode. The structure and CO/sub 2/ sensing mechanism of the binary carbonate electrode are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Partial tandem duplication of ALL1 as a recurrent molecular defect in acute myeloid leukemia with trisomy 11. (1996)

Gains of a single chromosome are frequent cytogenic findings in human cancer, but no molecular rearrangement has been consistently associated with any trisomy. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), trisomy 11 (+11) occurring as a sole abnormality is the third most common trisomy. We have shown that the ALL1 gene, located at 11q23, can be rearranged as a result of a partial tandem duplication in two such cases of AML. To test the hypothesis that the partial tandem duplication of ALL1 is the recurrent molecular defect in cases of AML presenting with +11 as a sole cytogenic abnormality, we performed Southern analysis and PCR for defects of ALL1 in 17 cases of AML and one case of myelodysplastic syndrome with +11 or +11q but without cytogenic evidence of a structural abnormality involving 11q23. Twelve cases (67%) had rearrangement of ALL1, including 10 of 11 patients (91%) with +11 as a sole abnormality and 2 of 7 cases (29%) with +11 and other aberrations; all were classified as FAB M1 or M2. In 10 of the 12 cases, material was available for additional characterization; a partial tandem duplication of ALL1 was detected in each of these 10 cases (100%). Four cases demonstrated previously unreported duplications, two of which were detectable only by reverse transcription-PCR. Four patients with the ALL1 duplication also displayed a loss of material from 7q, suggesting an association between these two findings. We conclude that the partial tandem duplication of ALL1 is present in most, if not all, cases of AML with +11 as a sole abnormality, and can be found in cases of AML with +11 or +11q accompanied by other cytogenic abnormalities. The duplication is more prevalent in AML than was recognized previously in part because its size and location vary considerably, requiring a variety of molecular probes for detection. Our finding of the ALL1 duplication as a consistent defect in patients with +11 represents the first identification of a specific gene rearrangement associated with recurrent trisomy in human cancer.
Dynamic activation of bone morphogenetic protein signaling in collagen-induced arthritis supports their role in joint homeostasis and disease (2008)

BMP signaling is dynamically activated in collagen-induced arthritis and is partly TNFalpha-independent. TNFalpha blocking increased the expression of BMP7 in the articular cartilage, possibly enhancing anabolic mechanisms. Different types of source and target cells are recognized. These data further support a role for BMP signaling in arthritis.
Power throttling of collections of computing elements (2023)

An apparatus and method for controlling power usage in a computer includes a plurality of computers communicating with a local control device, and a power source supplying power to the local control device and the computer. A plurality of sensors communicate with the computer for ascertaining power usage of the computer, and a system control device communicates with the computer for controlling power usage of the computer.
Correlation of postmortem anatomic findings with electrocardiographic changes in patients with myocardial infarction: retrospective study of patients with typical anterior and posterior infarcts. (1977)

This retrospective study correlates electrocardiographic and histopathologic findings in 24 patients with single well-circumscribed infarcts to determine 1) whether ECG terms commonly used to describe the location of myocardial infarcts are significant, and 2) whether the extent of infarct can be determined using QRS characteristics. Transverse sections of the hearts were photographed. Based on histologic sections, the infarct was outlined on the photograph and each section was planimetered via a sonic digitizer into a computer that was programmed to divide the left ventricle into 8 radial sectors and also into basal, mesial, and apical thirds. The percentage of infarct in each of these areas was then calculated. Of the 24 hearts evaluated 12 had posterior infarcts and 12 had anterior infarcts. Posterior infarcts principally involved the basal and mesial levels, whereas the anterior infarcts were more extensive in the apical and mesial thirds, with relative or total sparing of the base. Posterior infarcts were associated with Q waves in leads II, III and aVF in 11 instances. The other posterior infarct was associated with markedly diminished R waves in leads II, III and aVf in the presence of a horizontal axis. All anterior infarcts were associated with Q waves or markedly diminished R waves in the right precordial leads. Eight of the anterior infarcts exhibited circumferential apical involvement and all eight were associated with Q waves or markedly diminished R waves in the left precordial leads. This study documents the electrocardiographic identification of anterior, posterior, and apical infarcts by correlation with pathologic anatomy.
A rugged 100 W high-voltage vertical MOSFET L-band radar device (2009)

The silicon vertical MOSFET RF power amplifier described in this paper is the industry’s first to utilize high-voltage vertical technology. Operating under pulse conditions of 200 µs pulse width and 10% duty cycle, it delivers more than 100 W of peak power. Operating in Class AB with only 50 mA of bias current the device achieves more than 20 dB of gain and 47% power added efficiency at P1dB compression across 200 MHz of bandwidth at L-band from 1.2 to 1.4 GHz. The DC characteristics include a BVdss of 95 V enabling high-voltage operation with a 48 V power supply. The device is inherently rugged and withstands mismatch tolerances of 20:1 voltage standing wave ratio over all phase angles at full rated power and with 3 dB of input power over-drive and 10% greater than nominal voltage.
Single-Shot Proteomics Using Capillary Zone Electrophoresis–Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry with Production of More than 1 250 Escherichia coli Peptide Identifications in a 50 min Separation (2013)

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE)-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) was optimized and applied for analysis of 1-100 ng Escherichia coli protein digests in a single run (single-shot analysis). The system employed an electrokinetically pumped nanospray interface, a coated capillary, and stacking conditions for sample injection. More than 1 250 peptides were identified by optimized single-shot CZE-ESI-MS/MS with 100 ng digest loaded and 50 min analysis time. When 10 ng and 1 ng digests were loaded, about 1 000 and 600 peptides were identified in a single-shot analysis, respectively. Compared with single-shot ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-ESI-MS/MS, CZE-ESI-MS/MS produced fewer peptide IDs (1 377 ± 128 vs 1 875 ± 32) for large sample loading amounts (100 ng) with the same mass spectrometer time (50 min). However, when the loaded digest was mass limited (1 ng), CZE-ESI-MS/MS generated many more peptide identifications than UPLC-ESI-MS/MS (627 ± 38 vs 342 ± 113). In addition, CZE-ESI-MS/MS and UPLC-ESI -MS/MS provided complementary peptide level identifications. These results suggest that CZE-ESI-MS/MS may be useful for large-scale, comprehensive, and confident proteomics analysis.
Chemically amplified phenolic fullerene electron beam resist (2013)

Molecular resist materials for electron beam lithography have received significant interest as a route to reducing line width roughness and improving resolution. However, they have often required the use of hazardous solvents in their processing. A new family of fullerene based negative tone chemically amplified e-beam resists, using industry compatible solvents, has been developed. A sensitivity of ∼40 μC cm−2 was achieved at 20 keV. Isolated features with a line width of 13.6 nm as well as ∼20 nm lines on a 36 nm pitch have been patterned, whilst one variant has demonstrated resolution to 15 nm half-pitch at slightly higher dose.
Inverting the Viterbi algorithm (2008)

Probabilistic grammatical formalisms such as hidden Markov models (HMMs) and stochastic context-free grammars (SCFGs) have been extensively studied and widely applied in a number of fields. Here, we introduce a new algorithmic problem on HMMs and SCFGs that arises naturally from protein and RNA design, and which has not been previously studied. The problem can be viewed as an inverse to the one solved by the Viterbi algorithm on HMMs or by the CKY algorithm on SCFGs. We study this problem theoretically and obtain the first algorithmic results. We prove that the problem is NP-complete, even for a 3-letter emission alphabet, via a reduction from 3-SAT, a result that has implications for the hardness of RNA secondary structure design. We then develop a number of approaches for making the problem tractable. In particular, for HMMs we develop a branch-and-bound algorithm, which can be shown to have fixed-parameter tractable worst-case running time, exponential in the number of states of the HMM but linear in the length of the structure. We also show how to cast the problem as a Mixed Integer Linear Program.
Performance analysis of coded systems over block fading channels (2003)

This paper considers the performance analysis of binary coded systems over block fading (BF) channels. In the transmitter, the coded bits are interleaved prior to transmission to spread burst errors resulting from deeply faded blocks. The union bound on the bit error probability (BEP) is derived assuming uniform interleaving and using the weight enumerator of the code. The union bound is a function of the pairwise error probability (PEP). Hence, the PEP is derived for coherent detection with different assumptions on the availability of the channel side information (SI) at the receiver. The proposed bound is evaluated for convolutional and turbo codes. For the case of imperfect SI, the tradeoff between channel estimation and the code's diversity is investigated. Results show that the bound provides insight into the gain loss due to channel memory.
Carbocation Stability in H-ZSM5 at High Temperature (2015)

Zeolites are common catalysts for multiple industrial applications, including alcohol dehydration to produce olefins, and given their commercial importance, reaction mechanisms in zeolites have long been proposed and studied. Some proposed reaction mechanisms for alcohol dehydration exhibit noncyclic carbocation intermediates or transition states that resemble carbocations, and several previous studies suggest that the tert-butyl cation is the only noncyclic cation more stable than the corresponding chemisorbed species with the hydrocarbon bound to the framework oxygen (i.e., an alkoxide). To determine if carbocations can exist at high temperatures in zeolites, where these catalysts are finding new applications for biomass vapor-phase upgrading (∼500 °C), the stability of carbocations and the corresponding alkoxides were calculated with two ONIOM embedding methods (M06-2X/6-311G(d,p):M06-2X/3-21G) and (PBE-D3/6-311G(d,p):PBE-D3/3-21G) and plane-wave density functional theory (DFT) using the PBE functional corrected with entropic and Tkatchenko-Scheffler van der Waals corrections. The embedding methods tested are unreliable at finding minima for primary carbocations, and only secondary or higher carbocations can be described with embedding methods consistent with the periodic DFT results. The relative energy between the carbocations and alkoxides differs significantly between the embedding and the periodic DFT methods. The difference is between ∼0.23 and 14.30 kcal/mol depending on the molecule, the model, and the functional chosen for the embedding method. At high temperatures, the pw-DFT calculations predict that the allyl, isopropyl, and sec-butyl cations exhibit negligible populations while acetyl and tert-butyl cations exhibit significant populations (>10%). Moreover, the periodic DFT results indicate that mechanisms including secondary and tertiary carbocations intermediates or carbocations stabilized by adjacent oxygen or double bonds are possible at high temperatures relevant to some industrial uses of zeolite catalysts, although as the minority species in most cases.
Stability of rifabutin in two extemporaneously compounded oral liquids (1999)

The stability of rifabutin 20 mg/mL in two oral liquids was studied. Powder from 100 150-mg rifabutin capsules was placed in a glass mortar. Cherry syrup (pH 2.9) or a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Sweet and Ora-Plus (Paddock Laboratories) was added to produce 750 mL of each formulation, which was then stored in 2-oz plastic prescription bottles. Three bottles of each formulation were stored at 4, 25, 30, and 40 degrees C. At 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, the bottles were collected and allowed to remain at room temperature for one hour; samples of about 1 mL were collected from each bottle, weighed, and assayed for rifabutin content by high-performance liquid chromatography. The rifabutin liquids prepared with cherry syrup and stored at 4, 25, and 30 degrees C lost a mean of < 8% of the initial drug concentration during the 12-week study; at 40 degrees C, the liquids lost > 10% of the initial drug concentration by 12 weeks. There was a mean loss of < 5% of the initial rifabutin concentration in all the liquids prepared with Ora-Sweet and Ora-Plus. The liquid prepared with cherry syrup, upon standing, showed a tendency for some of the ingredients to float. The suspension prepared with Ora-Sweet and Ora-Plus had a tendency to retain bubbles after it was shaken, but the ingredients did not settle upon standing. Rifabutin 20 mg/mL in two extemporaneously compounded oral liquids prepared from capsules and sweetened vehicles was stable for at least 12 weeks at 4, 25, 30, and 40 degrees C with the exception of rifabutin in cherry syrup, which was stable for only 8 weeks at 40 degrees C.
Cognitive Coordination of Global Service Delivery (2014)

Formal coordination mechanisms are of growing importance as human-based service delivery becomes more globalized and informal mechanisms are no longer effective. Further it is becoming apparent that business environments, communication among distributed teams, and work performance are all subject to endogenous and exogenous uncertainty. This paper describes a stochastic model of service requests in global service delivery and then puts forth a cognitive approach for coordination in the face of uncertainty, based on a perception-action loop and receding horizon control. Optimization algorithms used are a mix of myopic dynamic programming and constraint-based programming. The coordination approach described has been deployed by a globally integrated enterprise in a very large-scale global delivery system and has been demonstrated to improve work efficiency by 10-15% as compared to manual planning.
Noisy source location on a line. (2020)

We study the problem of locating the source of an epidemic diffusion process from a sparse set of sensors, under noise. In a graph $G=(V,E)$, an unknown source node $v^* \in V$ is drawn uniformly at random, and unknown edge weights $w(e)$ for $e\in E$, representing the propagation delays along the edges, are drawn independently from a Gaussian distribution of mean $1$ and variance $\sigma^2$. An algorithm then attempts to locate $v^*$ by picking sensor (also called query) nodes $s \in V$ and being told the length of the shortest path between $s$ and $v^*$ in graph $G$ weighted by $w$. We consider two settings: static, in which all query nodes must be decided in advance, and sequential, in which each query can depend on the results of the previous ones. 
We characterize the query complexity when $G$ is an $n$-node path. In the static setting, $\Theta(n\sigma^2)$ queries are needed for $\sigma^2 \leq 1$, and $\Theta(n)$ for $\sigma^2 \geq 1$. In the sequential setting, somewhat surprisingly, only $\Theta(\log\log_{1/\sigma}n)$ are needed when $\sigma^2 \leq 1/2$, and $\Theta(\log \log n)+O_\sigma(1)$ when $\sigma^2 \geq 1/2$. This is the first mathematical study of source location under non-trivial amounts of noise.
γ-ray spectroscopy approaching the limits of existence of atomic nuclei: A study of the excited states ofPt168andPt169 (2009)

Excited states in the $N=90$ and $N=91$ Pt nuclei have been investigated using the JUROGAM and GREAT spectrometers in conjunction with the RITU gas-filled separator. These nuclei were populated via the reactions $^{92}\mathrm{Mo}(^{78}\mathrm{Kr},2n)$ and $^{94}\mathrm{Mo}(^{78}\mathrm{Kr},3n)$ at 335 and 348 MeV, respectively. The recoil-decay tagging technique has been used to correlate prompt $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ radiation with the characteristic $\ensuremath{\alpha}$ decays of $^{168}\mathrm{Pt}$ and $^{169}\mathrm{Pt}$. A $\ensuremath{\gamma}\text{\ensuremath{-}}\ensuremath{\gamma}$ analysis has allowed a level scheme for $^{168}\mathrm{Pt}$ to be reported for the first time and the level scheme for $^{169}\mathrm{Pt}$ to be extended. The excitation energies of the proposed positive-parity yrast states of $^{168}\mathrm{Pt}$ are compared with calculations based on the interacting boson model and found to be in excellent agreement. These data show a continuation of the trend toward vibrational nuclei as the $N=82$ shell gap is approached. In addition, new excited states constituting two decay paths have been discovered in $^{169}\mathrm{Pt}$.
Translocation in Bacillus subtilis : Irreversible Inactivation of Elongation Factor G and Viability of a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant (1976)

A temperature-sensitive mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168 lost its viability irreversibly when grown at temperatures higher than 50 C. It is suggested that this loss of viability is due to irreversible alteration of elongation factor G activity, which was shown in vitro by two different assay methods.
Secure and scalable replication in Phalanx (2002)

Phalanx is a software system for building a persistent, survivable data repository that supports shared data abstractions (e.g., variables, mutual exclusion) for clients. Phalanx implements data abstraction that ensures useful properties without trusting the servers supporting these abstractions or the clients accessing them, i.e., Phalanx can survive even the arbitrarily malicious corruption of clients and (some number of) servers. At the core of the system are survivable replication techniques that enable efficient scaling to hundreds of Phalanx servers. In this paper we describe the implementation of some of the data abstractions provided by Phalanx, discuss their ability to scale to large systems, and describe an example application.
Outdoor Experimental Trials of Long Range Mobile Communications Using 39 GHz (2018)

The commercialization of 5G is planned by multiple operators worldwide in the coming few years around 2020. 5G is expected to support new services and higher frequency bands. In particular, the use of higher frequency bands above 6 GHz for mobile communications is one new and important technical challenge tackled by 5G. However, in the initial deployments of 5G, higher frequency bands would only be used for limited areas, e.g., small cell deployments, or fixed wireless access. To further extend the benefits of higher frequency bands to wider coverage and usage, it is important to enable a wide use of higher frequency bands to a similar level as those of existing low frequency bands in terms of coverage, power consumption, etc. In this paper, we present our outdoor experimental trials of long range mobile communications using 39 GHz band. The trial results demonstrate the potential of higher frequency bands to support Gbps class data rates while still providing coverage and supporting mobility over a coverage area of above 1 km.
Topologically protected vortex knots and links (2022)

We propose a class of tangled vortex structures, tied from non-Abelian topological vortices, which are immune against decaying through local reconnections and strand crossings that are allowed by the system. We refer to such structures as being topologically protected. We then turn our attention to topological vortices classified by the quaternion group $Q_8$ ($Q_8$-colored links), which are realizable in systems consisting either of the biaxial nematic or the cyclic phase of a spin-2 Bose--Einstein condensate, or of biaxial nematic liquid crystal, and prove the existence of topologically protected $Q_8$-colored links. Remarkably, the strongest invariant we construct, the $Q$-invariant of $Q_8$-colored links, can be used to classify $Q_8$-colored links up to allowed local surgeries on the vortex cores.
RELATIONAL TIME FOR SYSTEMS OF OSCILLATORS (2006)

Using an elementary example based on two simple harmonic oscillators, we show how a relational time may be defined that leads to an approximate Schrödinger dynamics for subsystems, with corrections leading to an intrinsic decoherence in the energy eigenstates of the subsystem.