gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detailed Analysis of the Thermal Wall Heat Load in Annular Combustors (1999)

A detailed thermal analysis involving both measurements and calculations has been carried out in order to determine the wall heal load and to optimize the amount of cooling air for an annular combustor. In calculations, the convective wall heat flux has been detemined by application of a 3D Navier-Stokes Code. Furthermore, the radiation exchange between the hot combustion gases and the liner has been calculated using a multidimensional spectral approach. Although a quite high thermal power density is found within the combustion chamber the wall heat load is at a low level. Values are well below 80 kW/m2, due to the application of ceramic tiles which have a low thermal conductivity. The wall heat load is dominated by radiation emitted in the lower gas radiation bands (λ &lt; 2.9 μm). The convective wall heat flux is nearly balanced out by the sealing air which is discharged through gaps between the ceramic tiles. The cooling effect of the sealing air, however, is strongly influenced by the 3D near wall flow field in the combustion chamber.
A Fast Analysis of Scattering From Large-Scale Finite Periodic Microstrip Patch Arrays Arranged on a Non-Orthogonal Lattice Using Sub-Entire Domain Basis Functions (2014)

A sub-entire domain (SED) basis function method, which was first introduced for modeling large-scale finite periodic PEC structures in free space, has been extended for fast characterization of electromagnetic scattering from an electrically large planar finite periodic microstrip patch array. The microstrip array may have a nonrectangular layout and non-orthogonal lattice configurations (e.g., hexagons or quadrangles). Based on the mixed potential integral equation, and utilizing the proposed SED basis function algorithm, the original large-scale finite periodic array of microstrip patches can be efficiently simulated by decomposing it into two problems with matrix equations of small dimensions. The first is to construct the SED basis functions for the corresponding microstrip arrays with orthogonal/non-orthogonal lattices. Three kinds of the SED basis functions are constructed, including those related to the edge patch elements, the interior patch elements, and the corner patch elements. The second is to solve the system equation with significantly reduced problem dimension as compared to the original larger problem. Based on the obtained SED basis functions, the reduced matrix equation of small size can be generated by the Galerkin procedure, and solved by use of the LU (lower-upper) decomposition-based direct solver, which results in a fast solution. The accuracy and efficiency of the developed algorithms are demonstrated by numerical tests that include the scattering from several large-scale finite periodic arrays of microstrip patches with rectangular, non-orthogonal lattices.
SVD-SIFT for web near-duplicate image detection (2010)

Stable and high distinctive image features are the basis for web near-duplicate image detection. SIFT (scale invariant feature transform) not only has good scale and brightness invariance, also has a certain robustness to affine distortion, perspective change, and additive noise. However, to extract SIFT features to represent an image, hundreds or even thousands of SIFT key points need to be selected. And each key point needs to be described by using a 128-dimensional feature vector. Thus, the matching cost of detection method based on SIFT features is high. In this paper, we propose to apply the singular value decomposition (SVD) method for feature matching and extract the new features from the set of SIFT feature points. The extracted feature is termed as SVD-SIFT. Experimental results demonstrate that the method can obtain a better tradeoff between effectiveness and efficiency for detection.
Copper Plating on Glass Using a Solution Processed Copper-Titanium Oxide Catalytic Adhesion Layer (2016)

A method for copper deposition on glass and ceramics was investigated by direct plating on 20–30 nm thick copper inclusive titanium oxide films formed on the substrate surface. The copper inclusive titanium oxide film functioned as an adhesion layer and as a catalyst for autocatalytic copper deposition. Copper inclusive titanium oxide films were formed by pyrolysis of solution deposited 1-hydroxy phenyl ketone titanium-copper complex films. After deposition of electroless copper seed layers, 15–20 μm thick electrolytic copper films were formed, where upon thermal treatment up to 0.5 kN/m adhesion strength was attained on borosilicate glass. This process enabled electroless copper plating without the use of palladium as a catalyst on non-roughened smooth glass or ceramic substrate surfaces. The copper-titanium oxide adhesion layers were characterized and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy illustrated the adhesion mechanism and catalyst structure.
Fractional quantum Hall effect in graphene (2006)

Unlike regular electron spin, the pseudospin degeneracy of Fermi points in graphene does not couple directly to magnetic field. Therefore graphene provides a natural vehicle to observe the integral and fractional quantum Hall physics in an elusive limit analogous to zero Zeeman splitting in GaAs systems. This limit can exhibit new integral plateaus arising from interactions, large pseudoskyrmions, fractional sequences, even/odd numerator effects, composite-fermion pseudoskyrmions, and a pseudospin-singlet composite-fermion Fermi sea. It is stressed that the Dirac nature of the $B=0$ spectrum, which induces qualitative changes in the overall spectrum, has no bearing on the fractional quantum Hall effect in the $n=0$ Landau level of graphene. The second Landau level of graphene is predicted to show more robust fractional quantum Hall effect than the second Landau level of GaAs.
An adaptive low dimensional quasi-Newton sum of functions optimizer. (2013)

We present an algorithm for minimizing a sum of functions that combines the computational efficiency of stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with the second order curvature information leveraged by quasi-Newton methods. We unify these disparate approaches by maintaining an independent Hessian approximation for each contributing function in the sum. We maintain computational tractability and limit memory requirements even for high dimensional optimization problems by storing and manipulating these quadratic approximations in a shared, time evolving, low dimensional subspace. Each update step requires only a single contributing function or minibatch evaluation (as in SGD), and each step is scaled using an approximate inverse Hessian and little to no adjustment of hyperparameters is required (as is typical for quasi-Newton methods). This algorithm contrasts with earlier stochastic second order techniques that treat the Hessian of each contributing function as a noisy approximation to the full Hessian, rather than as a target for direct estimation. We experimentally demonstrate improved convergence on seven diverse optimization problems. The algorithm is released as open source Python and MATLAB packages.
HIV disclosure and stigma among women living with HIV in Denmark (2017)

Almost one-third of participants disclosed their HIV diagnosis to fewer than three people and black or Asian ethnicity predicted non-disclosure. HIV-related stigma regarding sex and contact with others is still highly prevalent; however, reactions to disclosure were mainly positive and associated with secondary positive gains. We strongly urge healthcare professionals to initiate a dialogue regarding stigma and disclosure with women living with HIV with a view to increasing disclosure and minimising stigmatisation in this vulnerable population.
LinPak, a new low inductive phase-leg IGBT module with easy paralleling for high power density converter designs (2015)

In this paper, we present for the first time the LinPak, a new open standard IGBT module topology. The new phase-leg type module concept will be introduced first with a rating of 1700V and 2x1000A on a footprint of 100 x 140mm2 setting a new standard in power density. The proposed module though is designed to accommodate 1200V up to 3300V chip-sets and a 3300V version will follow soon after the presentation of the 1700V module. The new module features an exceptionally low stray inductance enabling the full utilization of advanced low switching loss IGBT chip-sets and even future full silicon carbide switch solutions. In addition the design is made for parallel connection with negligible de-rating in mind, thus a large range of inverter power can be realized with just one module type. Together with the open standard concept this module fulfills a long wish of the industry in nearly all high power segments such as traction/CAV, wind-power/solar and industrial drives to name a few.
ChemInform Abstract: Inside‐Outside Stereoisomerism. Part 6. Synthesis of trans‐Bicyclo(4.4. 1)undecan‐11‐one and the First Stereoselective Construction of the Tricyclic Nucleus of the Ring System of the Ingenane Diterpenes. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Impact of activated sludge-derived colloidal organic carbon on behavior of estrogenic agonist recombinant yeast bioassay (2005)

The impact of size-fractionated colloidal organic carbon (COC) originating from a biological wastewater treatment facility on the sensitivity of the yeast estrogen screen (YES) bioassay containing the human estrogen receptor (hER) gene was evaluated. Dose-response curves of serially diluted 17beta-estradiol (E2), both in the presence and absence of COC, were generated by the YES bioassay. The concentration of E2 leading to a 50% YES response (effective concentration 50%, or EC50) was used to evaluate quantitatively the estrogenic activity of the different COC-E2 mixtures. The EC50 values for all COC size fractions, including COC-free samples (<1 kD), were statistically greater than the controls using Milli-Q water. Normalized EC50 values significantly increased as a function of COC concentration for the larger size fractions (>0.22 microm), but were not significantly affected by smaller COC material at environmental levels (1-5 mg/L), while both colloidal polysaccharide concentrations and colloidal fluorophores (measured at an excitation/emission wavelength pair of 350 nm/450 nm) appear to have an important role in the sensitivity of the YES bioassay. Estimates of the colloid-associated E2 fraction did not predict accurately increases in EC50 values. Matrix effects of the specific environment being tested with the YES bioassay need to be evaluated closely due to the sensitivity of the hER and reporter plasmid.
Copper Hydride Catalyzed Enantioselective Synthesis of Axially Chiral 1,3-Disubstituted Allenes (2019)

The general enantioselective synthesis of axially chiral disubstituted allenes from prochiral starting materials remains a long-standing challenge in organic synthesis. Here, we report an efficient enantio- and chemoselective copper hydride catalyzed semireduction of conjugated enynes to furnish 1,3-disubstituted allenes using water as the proton source. This protocol is sufficiently mild to accommodate an assortment of functional groups including keto, ester, amino, halo, and hydroxyl groups. Additionally, applications of this method for the selective synthesis of monodeuterated allenes and chiral 2,5-dihydropyrroles are described.
Superconducting and structural properties of sputtered thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−x (1987)

We have fabricated thin films of YBa2Cu3Ox by dc triode sputtering from two metallic targets. Post-annealing in pure O2 after sputtering resulted in superconducting films with a Tc onset as high as 89 K and a midpoint Tc of 75 K. We report preliminary results of films deposited on sapphire, MgO and sol-gel coatings of ZrO2 on sapphire, with and without buffer layers of Ag. The chemical and physical structures of these films were analyzed by using several x-ray diffraction techniques and Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
Reaction of Palladium and Platinum Complexes Bearing α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds with Carbon Electrophiles:  Control over Site of Electrophilic Attack, Oxygen or Metal (2003)

The reaction of (η2-CH2CHCHO)ML2 (M = Pd, Pt; L = PPh3, L2 = DPPF) with methyl triflate gave η3-methoxyallyl complexes [(η3-CH3OCHCHCH2)ML2][OTf]. X-ray diffraction analysis on [(η3-CH3OCHCHCH2)M(dppf)][OTf] (M = Pd, Pt) showed a distorted η3-allyl structure. The enone complexes (η2-CH2CHCOCH3)M(PPh3)2 also reacted with methyl triflate to give [(η3-CH3OC(CH3)CHCH2)M(PPh3)2][OTf]. It was proposed that these complexes were formed by the direct electrophilic attack of methyl triflate at the carbonyl oxygen of the enal or enone ligand on the palladium and platinum. In fact, no insertion of acrolein into the platinum−methyl bond of the separately isolated methylplatinum complex proceeded. On the other hand, methyl iodide underwent oxidative addition with zerovalent enal or enone complexes to give methylmetal complexes concomitant with dissociation of an enal or enone molecule.
Techniques for Leakage Power Reduction (2017)

This chapter explores the various components of leakage currents at the transistor level, and describes the effect of leakage currents at the circuit level. The “stack effect” refers to the leakage reduction effect in a transistor stack when more than one transistor is turned off. When stacked devices are turned off, the time required for the leakage currents to settle to the previously computed steady-state leakage levels can be large and can vary widely, ranging from microseconds to milliseconds. Many techniques have been reported in the literature to reduce leakage power during standby condition. Punchthrough occurs when the drain and source depletion regions approach each other and electrically “touch” deep in the channel. The chapter concludes with a few techniques that can be used to help control subthreshold leakage currents in both sleep and active circuit modes. Many techniques have been reported in the literature to reduce leakage power during standby condition.
Effects of Rod-roughened Wall on a Turbulent Boundary Layer (2008)

The effects of surface roughness on a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) were investigated using particle image velocimetry (PIV). The roughness elements used were periodically arranged two-dimensional spanwise rods, and the roughness height was κ/δ. Introduction of the roughness elements increased the wake strength and the turbulent stress not only in the roughness sublayer but also in the outer layer. This indicates the existence of interaction between inner and outer layers for 2D rod-roughened wall. Roughness effects on a turbulence structure near the wall were obtained by PIV measurements. Iso-contours of mean velocities and Reynolds stresses in the roughness sublayer showed a very good agreement with previous DNS results.
Computational Algorithms that Effectively Reduce Report Defects in Surgical Pathology (2019)

The algorithms described here have been effective in reducing pathology report defects. In addition to detecting voice recognition and block designation errors, these algorithms have also be used to detect other report defects, such as wrong gender, wrong provider, special stains or immunostains performed but not reported, and so on.
Oligonucleotide interactions. I. Structure of 2 : 1 complexes between polyuridylic acid and oligoadenylic acid (1968)

Abstract The circular dichroism of a number of 1:2 complexes between oligoadenylic acid and polyuridylic acid has been measured. The structure of these complexes, as evidenced by their optical properties, is independent of the chain length of the oligonucleotide throughout all ranges of chain lengths from adenosine to high molecular weight polyadenylic acid. A similar structure was found for the complex (Ap) 5 A:2(Up) 5 U.
Stress Chaperone Mortalin Contributes to Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition and Cancer Metastasis (2016)

Mortalin/mthsp70 (HSPA9) is a stress chaperone enriched in many cancers that has been implicated in carcinogenesis by promoting cell proliferation and survival. In the present study, we examined the clinical relevance of mortalin upregulation in carcinogenesis. Consistent with high mortalin expression in various human tumors and cell lines, we found that mortalin overexpression increased the migration and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. Expression analyses revealed that proteins involved in focal adhesion, PI3K-Akt and JAK-STAT signaling, all known to play key roles in cell migration and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), were upregulated in mortalin-expressing cancer cells. We further determined that expression levels of the mesenchymal markers vimentin (VIM), fibronectin (FN1), β-catenin (CTNNB1), CK14 (KRT14) and hnRNP-K were also increased upon mortalin overexpression, whereas the epithelial markers E-cadherin (CDH1), CK8 (KRT8), and CK18 (KRT18) were downregulated. Furthermore, shRNA-mediated and pharmacological inhibition of mortalin suppressed the migration and invasive capacity of cancer cells and was associated with a diminished EMT gene signature. Taken together, these findings support a role for mortalin in the induction of EMT, prompting further investigation of its therapeutic value in metastatic disease models.
Selective single crystal complexation of l- or d-leucine by p-sulfonatocalix[6]arene (2004)

p-Sulfonatocalix[6]arene, organised in the 'double cone' conformation, has multi-guest capability binding either L- or D-leucine in a single crystal in a bi-layer type arrangement from a racemic mixture of the amino acid.
Adenosine A2A receptor induces protein kinase A‐dependent functional modulation of human α3β4 nicotinic receptor (2011)

Adenosine modulates the function of nicotinic ACh receptors (nAChRs) in a variety of preparations, possibly through pathways involving protein kinase A (PKA), but these phenomena have not yet been investigated in detail. In this work we studied, using the patch clamp technique, the functional modulation of recombinant human α3β4 nAChR by the A2A adenosine receptor, co-expressed in HEK cells. Tonic activation of A2A receptor slowed current decay during prolonged applications of nicotine and accelerated receptor recovery from desensitization. Together, these changes resulted into a more sustained current response upon multiple nicotine or ACh applications. These findings were confirmed in cultured mouse superior cervical ganglion neurones, which express nAChR containing the α3 subunit together with β2 and/or β4 and A2A receptor. Expression of the A2A receptor in HEK cells also increased the apparent potency of nAChR for nicotine, further supporting a general A2A-induced gain of function for nAChR. These effects were dependent on PKA since the direct activation of PKA mimicked, and its inhibition prevented almost completely, the effects of the A2A receptor. Mutations of R385 and S388 in the cytoplasmic loop of the α3 subunit abolished the functional modulation of nAChR induced by activation of A2A receptor, PKA and other Ser/Thr kinases, suggesting that this region constitutes a putative consensus site for these kinases. These data provide conclusive evidence that activation of the A2A receptor determines functional changes
Cryoprobe Isotherms: A Caveat and Review (2010)

Cryotherapy is a form of thermal therapy for the treatment of small renal masses, particularly in high-risk patients. However, optimal application and the critical temperature for in vivo cell death have not been well established. Additionally, most centers do not currently monitor temperature during the procedure. Using in vitro gel, ex vivo porcine kidney, and in vivo porcine kidney models, we have demonstrated with both of the commercially available cryotherapy units that tissue temperatures are variable and that gel, while providing reproducible isotherms, is not an accurate model for temperature planning in vivo, likely because of the heat sink effect of highly vascular renal tissue. Placing the cryoprobes through and slightly beyond the tumor and using multi-point temperature sensing probes is recommended to improve the accuracy of the procedure.
Characterization of novel CD33- and MCSP-specific BiTE antibodies for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia and melanoma, respectively, that are fully human in sequence (2008)

2404 BiTE antibodies are emerging as new class of uniquely T cell-engaging antibodies. A CD19/CD3-bispecific BiTE antibody called MT103/MEDI-538 has shown objective complete and partial responses in relapsed non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) patients in an ongoing phase 1 study, providing clinical proof-of-concept for this new class of antibody-derived therapeutics. A number of other BiTE antibodies are in clinical and pre-clinical development targeting EpCAM (CD326), CEA and receptor tyrosine kinase EphA2. As a novel approach for treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and melanoma, we have constructed new BiTE antibodies with similar in-vitro potency and other properties as observed for more advanced clinical and pre-clinical BiTE antibody candidates.  One BiTE antibody for treating AML is specific for CD33, a target validated by the immunotoxin gemtuzumab ozogamicin. Even with current treatment regimens, only about 20 percent of AML patients survive five or more years. The high efficacy of MT103 in NHL suggests that also other blood borne malignancies such as AML will be responsive to the therapeutic principle of BiTE antibodies.  The other BiTE antibody is specific for melanoma-associated chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP), which is among the best characterized melanoma surface antigens. Melanoma occasionally well respond to T cell-based therapies, such as adoptive T cell transfer or vaccination, but are frequently limited by immune escape mechanism, such as loss of MHC class I expression, to which BiTE antibodies are insensitive.  CD33- and MCSP-specific BiTE antibodies of human sequence were selected as preclinical lead candidates based on their potency of redirected target cell lysis, and a superior profile of biophysical and pharmaceutical characteristics. CD33- and MCSP-specific BiTE antibodies showed redirected lysis by human peripheral T cells of CD33- and MCSP-expressing cell lines, respectively, at half-maximum concentrations as low as 5 pg/ml (90 femtomolar). Lysis was highly specific because it did not occur with CD33- or MCSP-negative cell lines, or with a BiTE antibody solely sharing the anti-CD3 portion with CD33- and MCSP-specific BiTE antibodies. CD33- and MCSP-specific BiTE antibodies are being investigated for safety in ongoing animal studies.  Preclinical candidates for both CD33-specific and MCSP-specific BiTE antibodies may provide highly efficacious approaches for the treatment of AML and melanoma, respectively, both of which are diseases with a high need for new treatment options.