gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distance‐based analysis of variance for brain connectivity (2019)

The field of neuroimaging dedicated to mapping connections in the brain is increasingly being recognized as key for understanding neurodevelopment and pathology. Networks of these connections are quantitatively represented using complex structures, including matrices, functions, and graphs, which require specialized statistical techniques for estimation and inference about developmental and disorder-related changes. Unfortunately, classical statistical testing procedures are not well suited to high-dimensional testing problems. In the context of global or regional tests for differences in neuroimaging data, traditional analysis of variance (ANOVA) is not directly applicable without first summarizing the data into univariate or low-dimensional features, a process that might mask the salient features of high-dimensional distributions. In this work, we consider a general framework for two-sample testing of complex structures by studying generalized within-group and between-group variances based on distances between complex and potentially high-dimensional observations. We derive an asymptotic approximation to the null distribution of the ANOVA test statistic, and conduct simulation studies with scalar and graph outcomes to study finite sample properties of the test. Finally, we apply our test to our motivating study of structural connectivity in autism spectrum disorder.
Excimer laser coronary angioplasty (2001)

Introduction Although laser coronary angioplasty was initially met with enthusiasm by the interventional cardiology community,1 this was mitigated by a variety of factors, in particular the widespread use of stents. Further concerns arising from a paucity of clinical data with respect to randomized trials and unequivocal demonstration of marginal benefit have also limited enthusiasm.
Guest Editors’ Introduction: Special Section on Smart Management of Future Softwarized Networks (2022)

Network softwarization is one of the key enablers of the future Internet evolution, also supporting the road from the fifth generation (5G) to the next-generation communication systems, namely 6G, with their main objective of bringing hyper-connected experience to every corner of society.
Biomechanical evaluation of posterior thoracic transpedicular discectomy (2010)

Transpedicular discectomy can be performed in the thoracic spine with a modest decrease in stability expected. Because the biomechanical behavior of a total facetectomy is equivalent to that of a medial facetectomy, the additional facet removal may be incorporated without further biomechanical consequences.
Pulse Electrodeposition of Cu–ZnO and Mn–Cu–ZnO Nanowires (2010)

Cu-ZnO and Mn-Cu-ZnO nanowires are attractive catalysts for alcohol synthesis from CO hydrogenation reactions. Nanowire alloys are pulse electrodeposited into track etched polycarbonate membranes using aqueous electrolytes including Mn (NO3)2, Cu(NO3) 2, Zn (NO3)2, and NH4NO3. Pulse waveforms with a cathodic current density of 50.7 mA cm-2 for 50 ms (on-time), with varying off-times (400, 500, and 600 ms), are used to fabricate nanowire arrays (400 nm diameter, 25 μm long, and pore density of 1.5 × 108 pores cm-2). Pulse waveforms allow significantly higher copper concentrations and better control of zinc and manganese concentrations within nanowires. X-ray diffraction results show preferential growth in the (111) direction and crystallite size increases with an increase in off-time. Waveforms with longer off-times (500 and 600 ms) resulted in nanowires with relatively higher copper concentrations due to improved copper transport in nanopores. The nanowire surface has no manganese; however, the core shows manganese, which increases with the decrease in off-time. The effect of deposition conditions and electrolyte composition on nanowire properties are explained and discussed. © 2010 The Electrochemical Society.
N2-Guanine specific transfer RNA methyltransferase I from rat liver and leukemic rat spleen (1974)

An enzyme was purified from rat liver and leukemic rat spleen which methylates guanosine residues in tRNA to N(2)-methylguanosine. By sequence analysis of bulk E. coli tRNA methylated with crude extracts it was shown that the enzyme is responsible for about 50% of total m(2)G formed invitro. The extent of methylation of a number of homogenous tRNA species was measured using the purified enzyme from both sources. Among tested E. coli tRNAs only tRNA(Arg), tRNA(Phe), and tRNA(Val) yielded significantly more m(2)G than the bulk tRNA. The K(m) for tRNA(Arg) in the methylation reaction with enzymes from either tissue was 7.8 x 10(-7) M as compared to the value 1 x 10(-5) M obtained for the bulk tRNA. In a pancreatic RNase digest of bulk tRNA as well as of pure tRNA(Arg), tRNA(Phe), and tRNA(Val), A-m(2)G-Cp was found to be the only sequence methylated. Thus, the mammalian methyltransferase specifically recognizes the guanylate residue at position 10 from the 5'-end contained in a sequence (s(4))U-A-G-Cp. Furthermore, there is no change between the enzyme from normal liver and leukemic spleen in the affinity for tRNA, the methylating capacity, and tRNA site and sequence recognition specificity.
A 60 GHz MMIC stabilized frequency source composed of a 30 GHz DRO and a doubler (2002)

This paper presents a 60 GHz highly stabilized frequency source, which is composed of a 30 GHz DRO and a doubler based on 0.15 /spl mu/m gate AlGaAs/InGaAs HJFET MMIC technologies. The 30 GHz DRO exhibited low phase noise of -102 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz off-carrier with the maximum output power of 7.7 dBm. The 30-to-60 GHz doubler showed high conversion gain of -1.5 dB at the input power of 7 dBm. For the 60 GHz frequency source, markedly low phase noise of -93 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz off-carrier and better than 1.9 ppm/C frequency stability has been achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Computer Assisted Reconstruction of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament (1998)

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament is a delicate task for which many different techniques have been proposed. A system consisting of a computer and a three-dimensional optical sensor is proposed to help the surgeon control the placement of a graft. This system can be used to minimize anisometry of the graft and avoid notch impingement. The same system, which had been validated by previous testing on 20 fresh human anatomic specimen knees, was tested on 23 patients who had an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Tunnel placement was performed using the standard technique of Morgan et al and was measured with the computer based system. It was found that all cases had different configurations of tibial and femoral placement. The computer based anisometry measurements ranged from 1.9 mm to 8.8 mm in the anterior part of the graft, and from 1 mm to 13 mm in the centers of the tunnels. Using the computer retrospectively, it was possible to find configurations of the graft in all cases that avoid notch impingement, with anisometry values ranging from 1.3 mm to 3.7 mm. This study shows that a computer based system can be a useful tool for routine anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and can be useful for research purposes.
Injection Locking Techniques for Spectrum Analysis (2011)

Wideband spectrum analysis supports future communication systems that reconfigure and adapt to the capacity of the spectral environment. While test equipment manufacturers offer wideband spectrum analyzers with excellent sensitivity and resolution, these spectrum analyzers typically cannot offer acceptable size, weight, and power (SWAP). CMOS integrated circuits offer the potential to fully integrate spectrum analysis capability with analog front‐end circuitry and digital signal processing on a single chip. Unfortunately, CMOS lacks high‐Q passives and wideband resonator tunability that is necessary for heterodyne implementations of spectrum analyzers. As an alternative to the heterodyne receiver architectures, two nonlinear methods for performing wideband, low‐power spectrum analysis are presented. The first method involves injecting the spectrum of interest into an array of injection‐locked oscillators. The second method employs the closed loop dynamics of both injection locking and phase locking to independently estimate the injected frequency and power.
Anthropometric Measures of the Posterior Condyles: Gender Differences and Correlation to Implant Sizing (2019)

There is abundant data concerning morphological dimensions of the distal femur, particularly in women, which has led to redesign of the femoral component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical experience reveals existing asymmetry of the femoral posterior condyles, yet current implant designs have a symmetrical femoral component. The objectives of this study were to analyze the dimensions of posterior condylar bone resection from a group of patients undergoing TKA and correlate the measurements to one prosthetic system. We retrospectively reviewed single surgeon morphological data from the posterior condyles of 105 knees during TKA. The study included 54 males and 51 females. Measurement of the posterior condylar bones was performed with a standard metric metal ruler by one investigator. Known dimensions of a single type of implant design were compared with the resection data. The average difference of posterior medial and lateral condylar width was 5.7 and 5.3 mm in males and females, respectively. The average host posterolateral condylar bone was 5.4 mm less than the trial implant across five sizes in both males and females. Results suggest that the dimension of the posterior lateral condyle is much smaller than the dimension of the implant in both groups of patients. Dimension of the posterior medial is close to dimension of the implant. Overhang of the component posterolaterally can create soft tissue irritation and result in postoperative pain and decreased range of motion. Our results increase awareness of the dimensions of the native posterolateral condyle and may influence future design of femoral implants used in total knee arthroplasty.
Clinical implications of telomerase activity levels in acute leukemia. (1997)

In the present study, we used the telomeric repeat amplification protocol assay, an internal telomerase assay standard, and an automatic DNA sequencer to detect and quantitate telomerase activity in blood samples obtained from normal and acute leukemia patients. Telomerase activity was analyzed in 78 acute leukemia patients and ranged from 0.65 to 147 relative to the internal standard. Compared to the age-matched normal levels of telomerase activity in the peripheral blood cells, we determined that 45 (81.8%) of 55 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and 16 (69.6%) of 23 acute lymphoid leukemia patients had elevated telomerase activity. There was no relationship between peak telomere length and telomerase activity in both acute lymphoid leukemia and AML patients. In AML, the level of telomerase activity was associated with French-American-British subtypes and cytogenetics, and patients with elevated telomerase activity had high leukocyte counts and more frequent extramedullary involvement during the disease. Among 78 patients, 5 had high levels of telomerase activities similar to immortalized leukemia cell lines; these 5 patients had a very poor prognosis (P < 0.05). The levels of telomerase activity significantly decreased in patients in complete remission. Most of the patients in complete remission showed a normal level of telomerase activity; however, two of them had low to moderate telomerase activity, and they relapsed shortly after entering complete remission. In relapsed patients, there is a general trend for increased telomerase levels, and 2 of the 13 patients retained high telomerase activity, whereas the other 11 had normal to moderate telomerase activity. These results suggest that telomerase activity may be a useful additional method for monitoring the disease condition in acute leukemia patients.
Synthesis and Initial in vivo Evaluation of a Radiofluorinated Sigma Receptor Radioligand for Prostate Tumor Imaging (2015)

111 Objectives Sigma receptors (SR) are highly overexpressed in a variety of human tumors of prostate, breast, lung and neural origin. Overexpression of both SR subtypes (sigma-1 and sigma-2) has been demonstrated in many prostate tumor cells (e.g. DU-145, LNCaP, PC3). The goal of this study was to develop a [F-18]-labeled radioligand with high affinity for both SR subtypes modeled on the benzamide class of SR ligands for PET imaging of prostate tumors. Methods Benzamide analogs bearing 2- and 4-(fluoroalkylether) substituents in the aromatic ring were synthesized and evaluated for their binding affinities for both SR subtypes. One candidate with optimal sigma-1/sigma-2 binding affinity: N-[2-(1’-piperidinyl)ethyl]-5-bromo-2-(fluoroethoxy)benzamide (2-FEBZM) was selected for [F-18]-labeling and further biological evaluation. PET imaging and biodistribution studies were conducted with 2-[F-18]FEBZM in mice bearing PC3 tumor xenografts. Results 2-FEBZM displayed high binding affinity towards sigma1 (6.3 nM) and sigma2 (10.2 nM) receptors. 2-[F-18]FEBZM was synthesized in >25% decay-corrected radiochemical yield by alkylation of its phenolic precursor with [F-18]fluoroethyl tosylate. PET imaging studies demonstrated clear visualization of PC3 prostate tumor xenografts between 1 - 4 h post-injection in tumor bearing mice. 2-[F-18]FEBZM showed a maximal tumor uptake of 4 %ID/g at 90 min post-injection. Pretreatment of mice with haloperidol (blocks both SRs) showed >40% blockade of tumor uptake. Biodistribution studies displayed the following rank order for tissue uptake: tumor > blood > liver > kidney at 90 min post-injection. Low radioactivity accumulation in bone suggests that 2-[F-18]FEBZM displays negligible in vivo defluorination. Conclusions Based on these preliminary studies, 2-[F-18]FEBZM demonstrates favorable in vivo pharmacokinetics for further evaluation as a prostate tumor imaging radioligand. Research Support Financial support of this work is prodived by the James Selleck Bower Fund for Cancer Research from the University of Michigan Cancer Center and NIH P50CA093990.
Phosphorylation of Inositol 1,4,5–Trisphosphate Analogues by 3‐Kinase and Dephosphorylation of Inositol 1,3,4,5‐Tetrakisphosphate Analogues by 5‐Phosphatase (1994)

A series of 32P-labeled D-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate [Ins(1,3,4,5)P4] analogues was enzymically prepared from the corresponding D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P3] analogues using recombinant rat brain Ins(1,4,5)P3 3-kinase and [gamma-32P]ATP. Ins(1,4,5)P3 analogues with bulky groups at the 2-OH position, substitutions of phosphates by thiophosphates and D-6-deoxy-myo-Ins(1,4,5)P3 were tested. Using [3H]Ins(1,4,5)P3 and ATP gamma S, a [3H]Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 analogue with a thiophosphate at the D-3 position was prepared. The D-4 and/or D-5 phosphate group seemed to be important for 3-kinase activity, while the OH group at position 6 was not crucial. The addition of bulky groups at the 2-OH position did not prevent phosphorylation. The labeled Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 analogues were purified and their degradation by type-I Ins(1,4,5)P3/Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 5-phosphatase was compared with the degradation of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4. Substitution of the phosphate group at positions 1 or 3 by a thiophosphate, or the addition of bulky groups at the 2-OH position did not prevent degradation. D-6-Deoxy-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate could not be degraded by the 5-phosphatase, indicating the importance of the 6-OH group for 5-phosphatase action. D-6-Deoxy-myo-inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate could be an important tool in elucidating the cellular functions of Ins(1,3,4,5)P4.
Mechanism of the Acid-Catalyzed Crosslinking of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) by Polyfunctional Benzylic Alcohols: A Model Study (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of the Acid-Catalyzed Crosslinking of Poly(4-hydroxystyrene) by Polyfunctional Benzylic Alcohols: A Model StudyS. Ming Lee and Jean M. J. FrechetCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 18, 5160–5166Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00096a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00096a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: New Antihistamines: Substituted Piperazine and Piperidine Derivatives as Novel H1‐Antagonists. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Modeling of Growth Morphology of Underpotential Electropolymerization of Pyrrole on Graphite (1998)

Recent work has revealed that nanostructured polypyrrole can be prepared electrochemically by an underpotential process on graphite. Potential step experiments using this process are characterized by geometrically increasing current. We have preferred to view data from the experiments in log‐log format, plotting current vs. total charge passed during the process This report is an effort to model the relationship between the morphology of polymer growth and the limiting dopes found in the log‐log plots. We find that, regardless of the growth morphology, shape‐ (or aspect‐) preserving growth in n dimensions is characterized by a slope of n‐1/n.
Prolegomenon to an investigation of inhibition in design (2001)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2001.
Optimization of tunnel FETs: Impact of gate oxide thickness, implantation and annealing conditions (2010)

We show the impact of process parameters on the electrical performance of complementary Multiple-Gate Tunneling Field Effect Transistors (MuGTFETs), implemented in a MuGFET technology compatible with standard CMOS processing. Firstly, the impact of the gate oxide thickness and implant doping conditions on the tunneling performance is analyzed and compared with TCAD simulations. Secondly, three different annealing conditions are compared: spike anneal, sub-ms laser anneal and low temperature anneal for Solid Phase Epitaxy Regrowth (SPER). Surprisingly, the SPER anneal shows a strong enhanced tunneling current with a record drive current of 46μA/μm at V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> of -1.2V and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> of 5pA/μm for Si pTFETs.
Tau exacerbates excitotoxic brain damage in an animal model of stroke (2017)

Neuronal excitotoxicity induced by aberrant excitation of glutamatergic receptors contributes to brain damage in stroke. Here we show that tau-deficient (tau<sup>-/-</sup>) mice are profoundly protected from excitotoxic brain damage and neurological deficits following experimental stroke, using a middle cerebral artery occlusion with reperfusion model. Mechanistically, we show that this protection is due to site-specific inhibition of glutamate-induced and Ras/ERK-mediated toxicity by accumulation of Ras-inhibiting SynGAP1, which resides in a post-synaptic complex with tau. Accordingly, reducing SynGAP1 levels in tau<sup>-/-</sup> mice abolished the protection from pharmacologically induced excitotoxicity and middle cerebral artery occlusion-induced brain damage. Conversely, over-expression of SynGAP1 prevented excitotoxic ERK activation in wild-type neurons. Our findings suggest that tau mediates excitotoxic Ras/ERK signaling by controlling post-synaptic compartmentalization of SynGAP1.Excitotoxicity contributes to neuronal injury following stroke. Here the authors show that tau promotes excitotoxicity by a post-synaptic mechanism, involving site-specific control of ERK activation, in a mouse model of stroke.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism‐Based Design of Simple, Symmetrical, Easily Prepared, Potent Antimalarial Endoperoxides. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Near-field recording on phase-change nanoparticles and reflective reproduction from nanoantenna utilizing plasmonic resonance for high-density optical memory (2013)

For high-density optical memory system, near-field recording on a medium with phase-change nanoparticles and dual metal layers was proposed. A finite difference time domain (FDTD) analysis demonstrated that a combination of a nanoantenna with such a medium so as to enhance plasmonic resonance would enable effective recording with larger (~10 times) working distance (WD) than for a conventional medium. A reproduction method of detecting the intensity of the reflected wave from the nanoantenna was also proposed in the same setup as the recording. We found that plasmonic resonance induced in the nanoantenna was enhanced and the intensity of reflected light was also increased when the phase state of nanoparticle was crystalline. Since the sub-diffraction limited size of nanoantenna is larger than a nanoparticle, the detected signal intensity can be greatly improved. Calculated results showed that our proposed system and methods for recording and reproduction would have a potential to become effective solutions for terabyte-class optical memory system.
Cryo-EM structure of the replisome reveals multiple interactions coordinating DNA synthesis (2017)

We present a structure of the ∼650-kDa functional replisome of bacteriophage T7 assembled on DNA resembling a replication fork. A structure of the complex consisting of six domains of DNA helicase, five domains of RNA primase, two DNA polymerases, and two thioredoxin (processivity factor) molecules was determined by single-particle cryo-electron microscopy. The two molecules of DNA polymerase adopt a different spatial arrangement at the replication fork, reflecting their roles in leading- and lagging-strand synthesis. The structure, in combination with biochemical data, reveals molecular mechanisms for coordination of leading- and lagging-strand synthesis. Because mechanisms of DNA replication are highly conserved, the observations are relevant to other replication systems.