gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polymorphic Control and Scale-up Strategy for Crystallization from a Ternary Antisolvent System by Supersaturation Control (2019)

Antisolvent crystallization of indomethacin (IMC) was investigated in this work by using an acetone–methanol (66.5–33.5 wt %) mixture as solvent and water as antisolvent. Selecting the binary mixture as the solvent led to an increased yield of the batch process, as the solubility of IMC is higher in the mixed solvents. Adding methanol to the solvent system mitigated the nucleation of the acetone solvate, which is dominating in the acetone–water system. Process analytical technologies were implemented to ensure that the desired polymorph was present throughout the process. Supersaturation control (SSC) was applied as a closed-loop feedback control strategy, to achieve a rapid direct design of the crystallization process using the principles of quality by control. The antisolvent flow-rate profiles, obtained by the SSC, were implemented in open loop and used for scaling up the process by 1 order of magnitude. The results show how feedback control of crystallization from a ternary solvent mixture increases productivity and simultaneously ensures suppression of nucleation to obtain the desired particle size distribution and polymorph. The direct design approach can be applied in the design and development of crystallization processes to yield the chosen solid phase of IMC when scaling from small to large scale.
The 5′-Terminal Nucleotide Sequence of Galactose Messenger Ribonucleic Acid of Escherichia coli (1974)

The 5'-terminal sequence of mRNA from the galactose operon of E. coli has been determined. gal RNA is synthesized in vitro by means of a kinetically controlled purified transcription system and is isolated by a two-step RNA.DNA hybridization scheme. The following sequence of the first 77 nucleotides has been deduced by analysis of oligonucleotides produced by digestion with T(1), pancreatic, and carboxymethylated pancreatic ribonucleases: ppA-U-A-C-C-A-U-A-A-G-C-C-U-A-A-U-G-G-A-G-C-G-A-A-U-U-A-U-G-A-G-A-G-U-U-C-U-G-G-U-U-A-C-C-G-G-U-G-G-U-A-G-C-G-G-U-U-A-C-A-U-U-G-G-A-A-G-U-C-A-U-A-C-C-U-G-U. Residues 27-77 correspond to the amino terminal 17 amino acids of UDPgalactose 4-epimerase (EC 5.1.3.2), the protein specified by the promoter-proximal structural gene of the operon. A self-complementary sequence occurs near the 5' terminus; 12 of 15 nucleotides between residues 4 and 18 are symmetrically located about position 11. The sequence of residues 22-33 closely resembles part of the lactose operator sequence reported previously [Gilbert, W. & Maxam, A. (1973) Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 70, 3581-3584].
Nanodiagnostics: Small 22/2009 (2009)

The frontispiece shows magnetofluorescent nanoparticles penetrating the external wall of a MCF-7 adenocarcinoma cell in an orderly way. The background is derived from a TEM image of an ultrathin section of fixed cells after treatment with nanoparticles. The nanoparticles consist of a small cluster of iron oxide nanocrystals encapsulated in a thick silica shell containing organic dye molecules. Several properties of the newly synthesized bifunctional nanoparticles including size, surface charge, presence or absence of oligoethylene glycol coating, and intensity of fluorescent and magnetic signals are evaluated according to their in vitro toxicity, capability of internalizing within the cell cytoplasm, and intracellular fate. For more information, please read the Full Paper “Towards Ideal Magnetofluorescent Nanoparticles for Bimodal Detection of Breast Cancer Cells” by E. Clementi, D. Prosperi, et al., beginning on page 2555.
Heteroepitaxial growth of a wide-gap p-type semiconductor, LaCuOS (2002)

High-quality epitaxial films of LaCuOS, a wide-gap p-type semiconductor, are grown on yittria-stabilized-zirconia (001) or MgO (001) single-crystal substrates by a unique method. Postannealing of a bilayer film composed of an extremely thin metallic copper layer and an amorphous LaCuOS layer at 1000 °C results in an epitaxially grown LaCuOS thin film. This thin copper layer with high orientation, which likely acts as an epitaxial initiator, is essential for epitaxial growth. The resulting epitaxial films exhibit relatively intense ultraviolet emission associated with excitons at room temperature, confirming the high crystal quality of the films.
Delay modulates the immune response to nerve repair (2023)

Effective regeneration after peripheral nerve injury requires macrophage recruitment. We investigated the activation of remodeling pathways within the macrophage population when repair is delayed and identified alteration of key upstream regulators of the inflammatory response. We then targeted one of these regulators, using exogenous IL10 to manipulate the response to injury at the repair site. We demonstrate that this approach alters macrophage polarization, promotes macrophage recruitment, axon extension, neuromuscular junction formation, and increases the number of regenerating motor units reaching their target. We also demonstrate that this approach can rescue the effects of delayed nerve graft.
Contact model based on TCAD-experimental interactive algorithm (2015)

This work demonstrated a novel method utilizing Sentaurus Technology Computer Aided Design simulation along with experiments to intermediately extract Schottky barrier height and contact resistance in FinFETs. The proposed algorithm can automatically calibrate contact model based on measurement data. This interactive contact model is also capable of prediction of contact resistance sensitivity including key process features such as implant energy, dose and thermal process based on a design of experiment splits. This robust, physical and efficient contact model provides insightful understandings of the metal-semiconductor contact in FinFETs. It can be easily implemented in simulation tools for device design in state-of-art semiconductor technology development.
ChemInform Abstract: Mild Conversion of Primary Carboxamides into Carboxylic Esters. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Femtosecond time-resolved spectroscopy of soft modes in structural phase transitions of perovskites (1994)

Femtosecond time-domain observations of soft-mode dynamics in crystals near structural phase transitions have been conducted. Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) experiments are reported for both the orthorhombic phase of ${\mathrm{KNbO}}_{3}$ and the tetragonal phase of ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$. The data from potassium niobate clearly show a heavily damped soft mode of ${\mathit{B}}_{2}$ symmetry and relaxational modes of ${\mathit{A}}_{1}$ symmetry but not ${\mathit{B}}_{2}$ symmetry. Similarly, the data from barium titanate clearly show a heavily damped E-symmetry soft mode and no relaxational modes of this symmetry. The absence of relaxational modes of the same symmetries as the soft modes is consistent with an eight-site order-disorder model of the phase transitions in this crystal class. The present results demonstrate significant advantages of ISRS over conventional Raman spectroscopy of low-frequency, heavily damped soft modes.
Soft-switching cells for high-power converters (2014)

This paper describes the use of the Auxiliary Resonant Commutated Pole (ARCP) converter topology for the cells of a Modular Multilevel Converter. The workings of the ARCP topology are explained as well as the calculation method used to compare the efficiency to a conventional solution. Comparison is done for an HVDC as well as for a STATCOM application. In both cases, use of the ARCP topology can lead to significant reductions in switching losses. The implications of these findings are dealt with as well. These include a higher possible switching frequency and a higher practically feasible cell voltage.
Stability Improvement of Gallium Indium Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors by Post-Thermal Annealing (2008)

The effects of post-thermal annealing on the stability of Ga2O3-In2O3-ZnO (GIZO) thin film transistors (TFT) were investigated by comparing the GIZO TFTs annealed for 3 hour and for 65 hours under high-field bias stress, light illumination, and long-term storage in air. We found that the poor stability of the GIZO TFTs under these stresses was remarkably improved after 65 hours' post-thermal annealing at 250 OC. The improvement of the stability is ascribed to the reduction of the trap sites in the GIZO layer and curing of weak atomic bonds otherwise susceptible to breaking during the stress.
Akt1/PKB upregulation leads to vascular smooth muscle cell hypertrophy and polyploidization (2000)

Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) at capacitance arteries of hypertensive individuals and animals undergo marked age- and blood pressure-dependent polyploidization and hypertrophy. We show here that VSMCs at capacitance arteries of rat models of hypertension display high levels of Akt1/PKB protein and activity. Gene transfer of Akt1 to VSMCs isolated from a normotensive rat strain was sufficient to abrogate the activity of the mitotic spindle cell-cycle checkpoint, promoting polyploidization and hypertrophy. Furthermore, the hypertrophic agent angiotensin II induced VSMC polyploidization in an Akt1-dependent manner. These results demonstrate that Akt1 regulates ploidy levels in VSMCs and contributes to vascular smooth muscle polyploidization and hypertrophy during hypertension.
Secure Distributed AAA with Domain and User Reputation (2007)

We explore the problem space of distributing AAA and describe a novel distributed AAA model based on cost efficient hardware security with Access Point specific and domain specific certificates. We introduce new domain and user reputation mechanism on top of the distributed AAA system based on the resources and/or services provided and consumed. Our certificate model includes different provisioning scenarios for scalable deployment and new ways of handling user profiles securely with the help of overlay file sharing networks. Our starting point is similar to community based networks like FON.
A machine learning approach to extract spinal column centerline from three-dimensional CT data (2009)

The spinal column is one of the most important anatomical structures in the human body and its centerline, that is, the centerline of vertebral bodies, is a very important feature used by many applications in medical image processing. In the past, some approaches have been proposed to extract the centerline of spinal column by using edge or region information of vertebral bodies. However, those approaches may suffer from difficulties in edge detection or region segmentation of vertebral bodies when there exist vertebral diseases such as osteoporosis, compression fracture. In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on machine learning to robustly extract the centerline of the spinal column from threedimensional CT data. Our approach first applies a machine learning algorithm, called AdaBoost, to detect vertebral cord regions, which have a S-shape similar to and close to, but can be detected more stably than, the spinal column. Then a centerline of detected vertebral cord regions is obtained by fitting a spline curve to their central points, using the associated AdaBoost scores as weights. Finally, the obtained centerline of vertebral cord is linearly deformed and translated in the sagittal direction to fit the top and bottom boundaries of the vertebral bodies and then a centerline of the spinal column is obtained. Experimental results on a large CT data set show the effectiveness of our approach.
Supplementary Table S1 from Cyst Fluid Telomerase Activity Predicts the Histologic Grade of Cystic Neoplasms of the Pancreas (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Characteristics of all patients in the discovery and validation sets.&lt;/p&gt;
Kumulierte Ylide XIX.1Acylphosphoniumylide durch kettenverlängernde Difunktionalisierung von Grignard-Verbindungen mit Ketenylidentriphenylphosphoran. Anwendung zur Synthese (E)-α,β-ungesättigter-Ketone und der Königinsubstanz (1988)

Cumulated Ylides XIX.1 Chain-lengthening Difunctionalization of Grignard Compounds by Reaction with Ketenylidenetriphenylphosphorane. A New Route to (E)-α,β- Unsatured Ketones and the Queen Substance2 The reaction of Grignard compounds with ketenylidenetriphenylphosphorane and subsequent hydrolysis yields 2-oxoalkylidenetriphenylphosphoranes. The latter undergo Wittig reaction, whereby (E-α,β-unsaturated ketones are obtained. An application of this strategy to the synthesis of carbonyl homologues of Lepidoptera pheromones and the queen substance is shown.
TMOD-25. IN VIVO MODEL OF TREATMENT-RESISTANT GLIOBLASTOMA HIGHLIGHTS SEX DIFFERENCES IN SURVIVAL (2020)

Abstract BACKGROUND Sex differences independent from acute hormone action are evident in the incidence and tumorigenesis of several cancers, including glioblastoma (GBM). Malignant brain tumors with mesenchymal, proneural, and neural GBM subtypes occur twice as frequently in males than in females, implying a molecular basis for the sex disparities observed. Accordingly, response to therapy and overall survival, may also differ between male and female GBM patients. Further elucidation of these differences would benefit from a robust preclinical testing system, such as the one described here. METHODS Adult (U87-MG) GBM cells were exposed to a total radiation dose of 10 Gy, effecting an epithelial to mesenchymal transition. The resultant irradiated U87-10Gy cells were tested for cell viability and allowed to reach confluence prior to stereotactic implantation into the right striatum of male and female athymic rats. In vivo advanced MR imaging at 9.4T was carried out weekly starting two weeks after implantation. Advanced MRI parameters were processed for enhancing tumor ROIs in OsiriX 8.5.1 (lite) with Imaging Biometrics™ Software (IQ-AI, Ltd.). RESULTS Tumor take was 90% in males and 60% in females, indicating an ‘incidence’ ratio of 1.5. Overall survival was significantly higher in females (median = 48, range = 40-72 days) than in males (median = 28, range = 27-30 days) (p = 0.024). Immunohistochemical and imaging analyses are pending and will be discussed. CONCLUSION The outcomes noted in this pilot study mirror incidence and survival outcomes noted in GBM patients undergoing standard care. Our model of treatment-resistant glioma provides a robust testing system to study underlying sex differences in GBM biology and treatment response in parallel analyses of male and female data.
A planning system for transapical aortic valve implantation (2009)

Stenosis of the aortic valve is a common cardiac disease. It is usually corrected surgically by replacing the valve
with a mechanical or biological prosthesis. Transapical aortic valve implantation is an experimental minimally
invasive surgical technique that is applied to patients with high operative risk to avoid pulmonary arrest. A
stented biological prosthesis is mounted on a catheter. Through small incisions in the fifth intercostal space and
the apex of the heart, the catheter is positioned under flouroscopy in the aortic root. The stent is expanded
and unfolds the valve which is thereby implanted into the aortic root. Exact targeting is crucial, since major
complications can arise from a misplaced valve. Planning software for the perioperative use is presented that
allows for selection of the best fitting implant and calculation of the safe target area for that implant. The
software uses contrast enhanced perioperative DynaCT images acquired under rapid pacing. In a semiautomatic
process, a surface segmentation of the aortic root is created. User selected anatomical landmarks are used to
calculate the geometric constraints for the size and position of the implant. The software is integrated into a
PACS network based on DICOM communication to query and receive the images and implants templates from
a PACS server. The planning results can be exported to the same server and from there can be rertieved by an
intraoperative catheter guidance device.
Statistical variation of wire parameters within complex aerospace networks (2016)

ABSTRACT This work evaluates the variation of wire impedance and velocity of propagation in bundled wires. Unshielded wire bundling was found to cause changes greater than 60Ω with standard deviation between 30.4–33.4Ω on 150Ω wires. Velocity of propagation was found to vary from 0.589 c to 0.602 c with a standard deviation of 0.0031 c . © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:2082–2084, 2016
Divergent unprotected peptide macrocyclisation by palladium-mediated cysteine arylation (2017)

Macrocyclic peptides are important therapeutic candidates due to their improved physicochemical properties in comparison to their linear counterparts. Here we detail a method for a divergent macrocyclisation of unprotected peptides by crosslinking two cysteine residues with bis-palladium organometallic reagents. These synthetic intermediates are prepared in a single step from commercially available aryl bis-halides. Two bioactive linear peptides with cysteine residues at <i>i</i>, <i>i</i> + 4 and <i>i</i>, <i>i</i> + 7 positions, respectively, were cyclised to introduce a diverse array of aryl and bi-aryl linkers. These two series of macrocyclic peptides displayed similar linker-dependent lipophilicity, phospholipid affinity, and unique volume of distributions. Additionally, one of the bioactive peptides showed target binding affinity that was predominantly affected by the length of the linker. Collectively, this divergent strategy allowed rapid and convenient access to various aryl linkers, enabling the systematic evaluation of the effect of appending unit on the medicinal properties of macrocyclic peptides.
Resonant Angular Oscillation of Magnetoresistance in Synthetic Layered Metal: Stage 2 SbCl5-Intercalated Graphite (1994)

We have observed a new angular oscillatory magnetotransport phenomenon in the out-of-plane resistivity of stage 2 SbCl 5 -intercalated graphite. The phenomenon is similar in many respects to the one recently found in organic conductors, which is attributed to a semiclassical geometrical resonance effect inherent in a weakly corrugated cylindrical Fermi surface. Some deviations from the “standard” behavior are found.
Solid‐Supported Catalysts for Atom‐Transfer Radical Cyclizations: Assessment of Support Type and Ligand Structure on Catalyst Performance in the Synthesis of Nitrogen Heterocycles. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
p21 is a Prognostic Marker for Renal Cell Carcinoma: Implications for Novel Therapeutic Approaches (2006)

Based on our findings p21 may be useful in prognostication, and it may have a role in the differing biological behaviors of localized and metastatic renal cell carcinoma.
The utility of P53 immunohistochemistry in the diagnosis of Barrett's oesophagus with indefinite for dysplasia (2022)

P53-IHC reduces the rate of BE-IND diagnoses and improves the IOA among pathologists when reporting BE with equivocal epithelial changes.
10 day sequential therapy was more effective than 10 day triple drug therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection (2007)

Vaira D, Zullo A, Vakil N , et al . Sequential therapy versus standard triple-drug therapy for Helicobacter pylori eradication: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2007;146:556–63. [OpenUrl][1][PubMed][2][Web of Science][3] Q In patients with dyspepsia or peptic ulcer disease, is 10 day sequential therapy more effective than 10 day triple drug therapy for eradicating Helicobacter pylori infection? Clinical impact ratings GP/FP/Primary care ★★★★★★☆ Gastroenterology ★★★★★★☆ IM/Ambulatory care ★★★★★★☆ ### ![Graphic][4]</img>Design: randomised controlled trial. ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Allocation: {concealed}*.† ### ![Graphic][6]</img>Blinding: blinded (patients, investigators, {data collectors, outcome assessors, data analysts, and data safety and monitoring committee}*).† ### ![Graphic][7]</img>Follow-up period: 8 weeks. ### ![Graphic][8]</img>Setting: 2 hospitals in Bologna and Rome, Italy. ### ![Graphic][9]</img>Patients: 300 patients ⩾18 years of age (mean age 49 y, 64% women) with dyspepsia or peptic ulcers who had never received treatment for H Pylori infection. Exclusion criteria included use of proton pump inhibitors, H2 receptor antagonists, bismuth preparations, or antibiotics in the past 2 weeks; concomitant use of anticoagulants or ketoconazole and glucocorticoids; Zollinger Ellison syndrome; … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DAnnals%2Bof%2BInternal%2BMedicine%26rft.stitle%253DANN%2BINTERN%2BMED%26rft.issn%253D0003-4819%26rft.aulast%253DVaira%26rft.auinit1%253DD.%26rft.volume%253D146%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D556%26rft.epage%253D563%26rft.atitle%253DSequential%2BTherapy%2Bversus%2BStandard%2BTriple-Drug%2BTherapy%2Bfor%2BHelicobacter%2Bpylori%2BEradication%253A%2BA%2BRandomized%2BTrial%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F17438314%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=17438314&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febmed%2F12%2F5%2F146.atom [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000245778000002&link_type=ISI [4]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif
Investigation of the active Bronsted acid site for the DME carbonylation reaction in chabazite-type zeolites (2019)

Chabazite-type (CHA) zeolites (SSZ-13s) are active acid catalysts in the carbonylation of di-Me ether (DME), an important C-C bond forming reaction involved in the conversion of syngas derivs. to valuable chem. intermediates. We observe a max. in the formation rate of Me acetate, the target product, as a function of Si/Al in the SSZ-13s that cannot be explained from the standpoint of total acid site d. While the active sites for this reaction have been better studied in other zeolite topologies (MOR, FER), to date, the origin of activity in CHA remains unclear. To investigate this issue, we synthesized SSZ-13s with a range of Si/Al (5 &lt; Si/Al &lt; 75) to vary both Bronsted acid site d. and siting (e.g., paired vs. isolated), and evaluated the impact of these parameters on the DME carbonylation activity. Further, because the CHA structure has only one T-site, differentiating Bronsted acid sites via 1H NMR may be feasible. Three possible extraframework, monovalent cation sites exist. Only two of these sites are accessible by reactants, reducing the active Bronsted acid site candidates to the proton that sits in the 6-membered ring (MR) window, and the one oriented in the 8MR window. We detect three distinct resonances in the high-spin 1H NMR spectra on dehydrated SSZ-13s. From the reactivity and NMR analyses, coupled with divalent cation exchange expts. for specific titrn. of paired (framework Al sepd. by no more than 3 Si-O units) acid sites, we developed a model for the location of the active site in CHA. Given the unique framework topol. of CHA compared to other active, DME carbonylation zeolite topologies, this investigation provides further insights into this useful C-C bond forming reaction.
<p>Differentiation Between Dementia With Lewy Bodies And Alzheimer’s Disease Using Voxel-Based Morphometry Of Structural MRI: A Multicenter Study</p> (2019)

VBM of DBS in addition to that of MTL improves the differentiation of DLB and AD.
Supplementary Figure S10 from YAP Orchestrates Heterotypic Endothelial Cell Communication via HGF/c-MET Signaling in Liver Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Molecular mechanisms of transcriptional OPN regulation and its effector mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;