gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Immune Response to Staphylococcal Nuclease: A Probe of Cellular and Humoral Antigen-specific Receptors (1977)

Approximately a decade has passed since the observation was made by Benacerraf and colleagues on the guinea pig (Levine et al. 1963) and by McDevitt and Sela (1965) on the mouse that the immune response to certain antigens is genetically controlled by single, autosomal, dominant genes. Since that time, it has become clear from studies on a variety of species that such immune response (Ir) genes are frequently associated with the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (Benacerraf and McDevitt 1972). However, the mechanism of Ir gene control and the reasons for this association with the MHC remain the subject of intensive investigations and frequently changing hypotheses. Implicit in most such hypotheses is the expectation that the pathways by which immune responses are mediated toward complex natural antigens (not under apparent Ir gene control) should not differ fundamentally from those discerned for antigens for which Ir gene control can be demonstrated. It...
Acústica de los órganos de tubulares y tendencias futuras en la investigación (2021)

En este trabajo se presentan explicaciones científicas para tener un mejor entendimiento de cómo funcionan los órganos tubulares y revisar algunas creencias comunes en su construcción, buscando mejorar este arte.
Fabrication and Design of a Nanoparticulate Enabled Micro Forceps (2008)

A novel fabrication process and design optimization method for a micro forceps is presented. This work is part of a larger research effort to design and fabricate nanoparticulate enabled surgical instruments. The micro forceps is a monolithic compliant mechanism that due to its two-dimensional design can be manufactured using the new fabrication process. The process begins with fabrication of an array of molds on refractory substrates using a modified UV lithography technique. In parallel, engineered ceramic nanocolloidal slurries are prepared for gel-casting into the molds. Mold infiltration takes place via a squeegee technique adapted from screen printing with excess slurry removed using an ethanol wipe. Finally, the photoresist molds are removed with a reactive ion etch (RIE) step, and ceramic parts sintered to full density. Employing this manufacturing technique for the compliant micro forceps design is advantageous because a large number of parts can be produced with a large aspect ratio (≥40:1), sharp edges (∼ 1 μm), and a resolution of 2 μm. Two optimization problems are formulated to determine the effect of dimensional parameters and material strength on the performance of the compliant micro forceps. First, performance is sensitive to small changes in the geometry, indicating that dimensions and shrinkage rates must be carefully controlled during processing. Second, performance can also be improved by using very large aspect ratios and/or improvements in material strength. A sample part manufactured using the new process is presented.
Two faces are better than one: Face recognition in group photographs (2011)

Face recognition systems classically recognize people individually. When presented with a group photograph containing multiple people, such systems implicitly assume statistical independence between each detected face. We question this basic assumption and consider instead that there is a dependence between face regions from the same image; after all, the image was acquired with a single camera, under consistent lighting (distribution, direction, spectrum), camera motion, and scene/camera geometry. Such naturally occurring commonalities between face images can be exploited when recognition decisions are made jointly across the faces, rather than independently. Furthermore, when recognizing people in isolation, some features such as color are usually uninformative in unconstrained settings. But by considering pairs of people, the relative color difference provides valuable information. This paper reconsiders the independence assumption, introduces new features and methods for recognizing pairs of individuals in group photographs, and demonstrates a marked improvement when these features are used in joint decision making vs. independent decision making. While these features alone are only moderately discriminative, we combine these new features with state-of art attribute features and demonstrate effective recognition performance. Initial experiments on two datasets show promising improvements in accuracy.
Editorial Comment (2007)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Jul 2007Editorial Comment Arthur L. Burnett Arthur L. BurnettArthur L. Burnett More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.03.207AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Editorial Comment." The Journal of Urology, 178(1), p. 216 References 1 : Morbidity and efficacy of genitofemoral nerve grafts with radical retropubic prostatectomy. Urology2006; 67: 789. Google Scholar 2 : Bilateral cavernous nerve interposition grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. J Urol2007; 177: 664. Link, Google Scholar Department of Urology, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland© 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 178Issue 1July 2007Page: 216 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Arthur L. Burnett More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Palladium-catalysed ligand-free reductive Heck cycloisomerisation of 1,6-en-α-chloro-enamides (2019)

The first example of an intramolecular hydroarylation of 1,6-en-α-chloro-enamides was achieved by a palladium-catalysed ligand-free reductive Heck cycloisomerisation with no competing Heck-cyclised by-product.
Data for "Stability of the Double Gyroid Phase in Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymer Melts" (2020)

This data set contains the input and output data files used for the self-consistent field theory simulations in "Stability of the double gyroid phase in bottlebrush diblock copolymer melts" by Park et al. Self-consistent field theory was used to study the self-assembly of bottlebrush block copolymers, focusing on the effect of the bottlebrush architecture on the stability of the double gyroid phase.
Postsynthetic Ligand and Cation Exchange in Robust Metal–Organic Frameworks (2012)

Postsynthetic ligand and metal ion exchange (PSE) processes are shown to readily occur in several "inert" metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), including zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs). Ligand exchange can occur between solid samples, as was demonstrated under relatively mild conditions with two robust, topologically distinct MOFs, MIL-53(Al) and MIL-68(In). Interestingly, ligand PSE is not observed with MIL-101(Cr), which is attributed to the kinetic inertness of the Cr(III) ion. In addition to ligand exchange, metal ion (cation) PSE was also studied between intact MOF microcrystalline particles. Metal ion transfer between MIL-53(Al) and MIL-53(Fe) was readily observed. These PSE reactions were monitored and the products characterized by a number of techniques, including aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometry, which permits single-particle compositional analysis. To show the potential synthetic utility of this approach, the PSE process was used to prepare the first Ti(IV) analogue of the robust UiO-66(Zr) framework. Finally, experiments to rule out mechanisms other than PSE (i.e., aggregation, dissolution/recrystallization) were performed. The results demonstrate that PSE, of either ligands or cations, is common even with highly robust MOFs such as UiO-66(Zr), MILs, and ZIFs. Furthermore, it is shown that PSE is useful in preparing novel materials that cannot be obtained via other synthetic methods.
Role of Stronger Interlayer van der Waals Coupling in Twin‐Free Molecular Beam Epitaxy of 2D Chalcogenides (2021)

Abstract Large‐area epitaxy of layered materials is one of the cornerstones for a successful exploitation of van der Waals (vdW) materials in the semiconductor industry. The formation of 60° twin stacking faults and 60° grain boundaries is of major concern for the defect‐free epitaxial growth. Although strategies to overcome the occurrence of these defects are being considered, more fundamental understanding on the origin of these defects is highly essential. This work focuses on understanding the formation of 60° twins in (quasi‐)vdW epitaxy of 2D chalcogenides. Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) experiments reveal the striking difference in 60° twin occurrence between WSe 2 and Bi 2 Se 3 in both quasi‐vdW heteroepitaxy and vdW homoepitaxy. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations link this difference to the interlayer vdW coupling strength at the unit cell level. The stronger interlayer vdW coupling in Bi 2 Se 3 unit cells compared to WSe 2 unit cells is explained to result in a reduced twin occurrence. Hence, such compounds show significantly more promise for defect‐free epitaxial integration. This interesting aspect of (quasi‐)vdW epitaxy reveals that the strength of interlayer vdW coupling is key for workable 2D materials and opens perspectives for other strongly coupled vdW materials.
A proposed on-orbit demonstration of an advanced pulsed-plasma thruster for small satellite applications (2002)

The USAF AFRL Electric Propulsion Group is developing an advanced pulsed-plasma thruster (PPT) technology demonstration for small satellites. The initial flight opportunity was on MightySat II.2-a satellite bus specifically designed to advance AFRL-developed technologies and serve as a risk reduction mission for systems required for TechSat 21. This experiment will demonstrate a high performance PPT, making it a viable thruster for various applications such as orbit raising and initiating and maintaining clusters of small satellites. The experiment will also be the first flight of a new micro-propulsion thruster-a miniaturized version of the PPT, known as the micro-PPT (/spl mu/-PPT). The /spl mu/-PPT is ideal for very precise attitude control and pointing, formation flying, and for primary propulsion on micro-satellites. A novel on-board diagnostic package will be used to assess the contamination of optical and thermal control surfaces as a result of firing the PPTs. Ground-based observations will also be conducted to assess the on-orbit performance and possible communication impacts of the thruster firings.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activity of Pyridopyrimidine Scaffolds as Novel PI3K/mTOR Dual Inhibitors (2013)

The design, synthesis, and screening of dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors that gave nanomolar enzymatic and cellular activities on both targets with an acceptable kinase selectivity profile are described. A docking study was performed to understand the binding mode of the compounds and to explain the differences in biological activity. In addition, cellular effects of the best dual inhibitors were determined on six cancer cell lines and compared to those on a healthy diploid cell line for cellular cytotoxicity. Two compounds are highly potent on cancer cells in the submicromolar range without any toxicity on healthy cells. A more detailed analysis of the cellular effect of these PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors demonstrated that they induce G1-phase cell cycle arrest in breast cancer cells and trigger apoptosis. These compounds show an interesting kinase profile as dual PI3K/mTOR tool compounds or as a chemical series for further optimization to progress into in vivo experiments.
A Version-aware Approach for Web Service Directory (2007)

In real-world scenarios, the evolution of Web services to meet functional and non-functional changes ultimately leads to multiple versions of the same original service. Thus, design and implementation of version management techniques, such as version description, directory, etc, play a critical role in realizing the full promise of SOA. To address the version management issues in Web services, we propose a version-aware service model based on some architectural extensions to WSDL and UDDI. WSDL would be enhanced to describe the attributes of the service versions. UDDI would be augmented to use versions in a service directory with an event-based notification/subscription mechanism. We also design a proxy, residing in the service consumer side which can dynamically update the client application instance at runtime. We have implemented a prototype to demonstrate these models and used a weather forecast web service as an example to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed architecture.
Separation and Partial Purification of Plasma-Membrane Fragments from Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Microsomes (1965)

Membrane vesicles arising from the surface of Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells were separated from the bulk of other microsomal components in Ficoll density gradients. Initial separation depends on the differential action of magnesium ion on various microsomal components. Immunologic and enzymic markers were used to monitor separation and purification steps.
Elucidating bone marrow edema and myelopoiesis in murine arthritis using contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (2008)

BME signals in TNF-transgenic mice are caused by yellow to red marrow conversion, with increased myelopoiesis and increased marrow permeability. The factors that mediate these changes warrant further investigation.
Reversal of Abnormal Platelet Aggregability and Change in Exercise Tolerance in Patients with Angina Pectoris Following Oral Propranolol (1974)

Nineteen patients with severe but stable angina pectoris who had positive ECG response to exercise on a bicycle ergometer and 11 normal subjects were studied. Patients received placebo for six weeks and were then randomized into placebo (n = 9) and propranolol (n = 10) treatment groups. Threshold for platelet aggregation in response to adenosine diphosphate (ADP) was measured in fresh platelet rich plasma. Mean concentration of ADP necessary for a biphasic threshold aggregation response was 1.56 µM (geometric mean) in patients and 3.85 µM in normals ( P &lt; 0.01). Serial studies with placebo showed no significant change in ADP threshold. With propranolol, 80 mg/day, platelet aggregation in response to ADP was entirely normalized; 3.79 µM ADP produced maximal aggregation compared to 1.32 µM before therapy ( P &lt; 0.01). No additional changes were noted with propranolol, 160 mg/day. In the propranolol-treated patients (80 mg/day) who demonstrated reduction in ADP-induced platelet aggregation, total work during exercise increased by 128%, from 765 ± 125 (standard error of mean) kpm during the control period to 1,- 792 ± 285 kpm ( P &lt; 0.01). Thus patients with angina and abnormal exercise tolerance demonstrate increased platelet aggregability in vitro which is restored toward normal with propranolol in dosage sufficient to improve exercise tolerance.
Excellent electrical properties of TiO2∕HfSiO∕SiO2 layered higher-k gate dielectrics with sub-1nm equivalent oxide thickness (2008)

Equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) scaling, as well as improved interface properties, of metal/higher-k gate stacks for the sub-1nm region was achieved using a TiO2∕HfSiO∕SiO2 layered dielectric structure. Ti diffusion into the bottom oxides was found to form electrical defects, which lead to an increase of leakage current, fixed charge, interface trap density (Dit), and reliability degradation of the gate stacks. By controlling Ti diffusion and terminating Ti-induced defects using forming gas annealing, we successfully obtained a superior interface property (Dit=9.9×1010eV−1cm−2) and reduced gate leakage (Jg=7.2×10−2A∕cm2) at the 0.71-nm-EOT region.
PD-L1 quantification across tumor types using the reverse phase protein microarray: implications for precision medicine (2021)

Continuous RPPA-based measurements capture a broad dynamic range of PD-L1 expression in human specimens and heterogeneous concordance levels between antibody clones. This high throughput immunoassay can potentially identify subgroups of tumors in which low expression of PD-L1 equates to lack of response to treatment.
Reduction of Posterior Hip Dislocations in the Lateral Position Using Traction-Countertraction: Safer for the Surgeon? (1999)

Closed reduction of a hip dislocation is a physically demanding task for the orthopaedic surgeon. The most commonly used methods for reduction of the hip involve vigorous axial traction on the lower extremity with the patient in the supine position, using an assistant who attempts to hold the pelvis down. The surgeon generally stands over the patient to pull up on the bent knee, which puts the surgeon at risk for a low back injury and, if done while the patient remains on a stretcher, can put the surgeon at risk for a fall from a height. Reduction in the prone position is advocated by some, but caring for the sedated patient in the prone position can be difficult and the patient's pelvis tends to roll off the edge of the stretcher, preventing the achievement of hip flexion, which is desirable in achieving reduction. We describe a traction-countertraction technique that appears to be significantly less dangerous for the surgeon. In this technique the hip is reduced with the patient remaining on the stretcher in the lateral position. In addition, fluoroscopy can be carried out during the reduction maneuver, and the images can be quite helpful in adjusting the direction of manipulative forces.
Grid Interfaces to Electric Vehicle Chargers Using Statistically-Structured Power Conversion for Second-Use Batteries as Energy Buffering. (2021)

The rapid growth of electric vehicles (EVs) will include electric grid stress from EV chargers and produce a large number of diminished EV batteries. EV batteries are expected to retain about 80 % of their original capacity at the end of vehicle life. Employing these in second-use battery energy storage systems (2-BESS) as energy buffers for EV chargers further reduces the environmental impact of battery manufacturing and recycling. One of the obstacles that limits performance and cost to 2-BESS is the heterogeneity of second-use batteries. In this paper, we show that a structure for power processing within a 2-BESS with hierarchical partial power processing can be optimally designed for stochastic variation in EV demand, dynamic grid constraints, and statistical variation in battery capacity. Statistically-structured hierarchical partial power processing shows better battery energy utilization, lower derating, and higher captured value in comparison to conventional partial power processing and full power processing for similar power conversion cost.
Optimal Signcryption from Any Trapdoor Permutation. (2004)

We build several highly-practical and optimized signcryption constructions directly from trapdoor permutations, in the random oracle model. All our constructions share features such as simplicity, efficiency, generality, near-optimal exact security, flexible and ad-hoc key management, key reuse for sending/receiving data, optimally-low message expansion, &amp;quot;backward&amp;quot; use for plain signature/encryption, long message and associated data support, the strongest-known qualitative security (so-called IND-CCA and sUF-CMA) and, finally, complete compatibility with the PKCS#1 infrastructure. While some of these features are present in previous works to various extents, we believe that our schemes improve on earlier proposals in at least several dimensions, making the overall difference quite noticeable in practice.
SeMIA: Self-Similarity-Based IC Integrity Analysis (2015)

Counterfeit chips in the supply chain as well as hardware Trojan (HT) attacks pose serious threats to the semiconductor industry. If undetected before deployment, they can lead to serious consequences including system performance/reliability issues during field operation and potential revenue/reputation loss for a trusted manufacturer. Currently, no unified detection method is available that can simultaneously address these integrity violations in integrated circuits (ICs). In addition, most existing detection approaches require a set of golden chips as a reference, which significantly increases the test cost and complexity. Furthermore, in some scenarios, it may be extremely difficult to obtain golden chips. In this paper, we present a novel unified IC integrity analysis approach that can effectively detect both recycled counterfeit ICs (the most dominant form of counterfeiting) as well as Trojan attacks in ICs without the need of golden chips. The proposed approach, referred to as self-similarity-based microchip integrity analysis (SeMIA), exploits intrinsic structural self-similarity in a design (e.g., multiple cores, multiple functional units of the same type, different parts of an adder) to isolate recycled chips and HT attacks under large inter- and intra-die process variations. It compares dynamic current ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${I} _{\text {DDT}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) signatures between two adjacent similar circuit structures using an appropriate isolation metric to detect such attacks with high degree of confidence. SeMIA does not rely on any embedded structure for authentication, thus it comes at virtually zero hardware overhead and can be applied to chips already produced. Through extensive simulations, we show that for 15% inter- and 10% intra-die variations in threshold voltage for a 45 nm CMOS process, over 98% of recycled chips can be reliably identified. Finally, experimental measurements on field programmable gate array chips demonstrate effectiveness of SeMIA for protection against both attacks.
Shear Critical Deep Beams with Embedded Functionally Graded Concrete Struts (2022)

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Low-temperature growth of polyethylene glycol-doped BiZn2VO6 nanocompounds with enhanced photoelectrochemical properties (2016)

We demonstrate scalable, low-cost and low-temperature (&lt;100 °C) chemical growth of bismuth–zinc vanadate (BiZn<sub>2</sub>VO<sub>6</sub>) nanocompounds by BiVO<sub>4</sub> growth on ZnO nanobelts (NBs).
Ultrahigh-efficiency, very narrow-passband, tunable optical filter (1994)

Recently developed technologies have been uniquely integrated to produce optical filters with unprecedented performance. The precise design and fabrication of narrow-passband and high-efficiency optical filters with a central frequency of 532 nm are reported. Measurements with these filters demonstrate a performance that accurately mirrors the design specification, with one filter having a passband of 70 pm and an efficiency greater than 90% and the second filter having a passband of 7 pm and an efficiency greater than 80%.