gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hole Hopping through Tryptophan in Cytochrome P450 (2017)

Electron-transfer kinetics have been measured in four conjugates of cytochrome P450 with surface-bound Ru-photosensitizers. The conjugates are constructed with enzymes from Bacillus megaterium (CYP102A1) and Sulfolobus acidocaldarius (CYP119). A W96 residue lies in the path between Ru and the heme in CYP102A1, whereas H76 is present at the analogous location in CYP119. Two additional conjugates have been prepared with (CYP102A1)W96H and (CYP119)H76W mutant enzymes. Heme oxidation by photochemically generated Ru<sup>3+</sup> leads to P450 compound II formation when a tryptophan residue is in the path between Ru and the heme; no heme oxidation is observed when histidine occupies this position. The data indicate that heme oxidation proceeds via two-step tunneling through a tryptophan radical intermediate. In contrast, heme reduction by photochemically generated Ru<sup>+</sup> proceeds in a single electron tunneling step with closely similar rate constants for all four conjugates.
A randomized double blind study of a green and black tea agent, AssuriTEA®, in healthy male subjects (2015)

Background: Green and black teas have known anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The current study was a prospective randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study of 3 doses of a water-extracted green and black tea agent (AssuriTEA® [AT]). Methods: Subjects who met inclusion criteria were randomized to one of four groups: 1000, 500, or 250 mg AT or placebo for 28 days. At baseline (BL) and day 28, serum antioxidant capacity, quality of life and safety were assessed. Results: Of the 55 subjects screened, 43 were considered evaluable. Age was 56.77 ± 2.83 years (mean ± SEM). Evaluable subjects demonstrated improved antioxidant status, as measured by ferric iron reducing antioxidant power at all doses over the placebo (p &lt; 0.05). There was significant improvement in cellular antioxidant protection in the 1000 mg AT group versus the placebo (p=0.032). Glucose levels were higher in the placebo group versus the 250 mg AT group (p=0.023) and there was a significant improvement in systolic blood pressure in the 250 mg AT group at day 28 versus BL (p=0.048). In the 1000 mg AT group, there was a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure at day 28 versus BL (p=0.017). There was a significant improvement in the vitality category in the 1000 mg AT group (p=0.029). Overall, AT was safe and well tolerated with no differences in adverse events or serum chemistries between groups. Conclusions: Results demonstrate that the administration of AT resulted in improvement of serum antioxidant status, vitality level, blood glucose, and systolic blood pressure in test subjects. Key Words: Green tea, black tea, Camellia sinensis, antioxidant status, blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, and quality of life
Supplementary Figure 2 from Tasquinimod Modulates Suppressive Myeloid Cells and Enhances Cancer Immunotherapies in Murine Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. Tasquinimod modulation of MDSC subpopulations in CR Myc-CaP tumor bearing FVB mice.&lt;/p&gt;
Development of Ka-band digital beam forming antenna payload for the engineering test satellite-9 (2021)

The R&amp;D project entitled “Research and Development of Ka-band Wideband Digital Beam Forming for Efficient Frequency Use” has been started since July 2017. The goal of this R&amp;D is the realization of beam location/shape flexibility for Ka-band high throughput satellite (HTS) and the improvement of frequency use efficiency compared with conventional HTS. This DBF payload is developed and planned to be tested in orbit by the engineering test satellite-9 (launch planned in FY 2021). This chapter describes the overview of R&amp;D program and the current outcome of system development.
Controlling Microwave Energy Deposition Using Active Plasma Elements for Material Processing Applications (2022)

Abstract This work is motivated by the need to modulate microwave beam propagation, phase, shape, and direction using an array of plasma elements. Tailoring microwave beams in this fashion will enable new material processing capabilities such as induced localized heating. An initial process example consists of a cylindrical plasma element inserted into a waveguide between a microwave radiation source and a material of interest. In order to establish the feasibility of the proposed process, an accurate model of an argon mercury plasma including plasma-microwave coupling was developed and described herein. Both microwave plasma heating and magnetic plasma couplings are considered. The required computational framework was implemented within the COMSOL Multiphysics finite element solver. The model is first used to investigate a 2D geometry, before being extended to a 3D geometry. The obtained solutions of the relevant partial differential equations and the associated predictions increased the understanding of the interplay between plasma and electromagnetic properties under consideration in the model. Model implementation confirms that a plasma element can be used to modulate incident microwave radiation, thereby shaping the transmitted beam. The framework also enables analysis of beam shaping techniques under consideration for material processing of ceramics. For ceramic processing, beam shaping techniques are being used to direct microwave radiation to predictable, localized areas in order to sinter the dielectric powders under consideration.
Particle Swarm Optimization and Image Analysis (2011)

Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) is a simple but powerful optimization algorithm, introduced by Kennedy and Eberhart (Kennedy 1995). Its search for function optima is inspired by the behavior of flocks of birds looking for food. Similarly to birds, a set (swarm) of agents (particles) fly over the search space, which is coincident with the function domain, looking for the points where the function value is maximum (or minimum). In doing so, each particle’s motion obeys two very simple difference equations which describe the particle’s position and velocity update. A particle’s motion has a strong random component (exploration) and is mostly independent from the others’; in fact, the only piece of information which is shared among all members of the swarm, or of a large neighborhood of each particle, is the point where the best value for the function has been found so far. Therefore, the search behavior of the swarm can be defined as emergent, since no particle is specifically programmed to achieve the final collective behavior or to play a specific role within the swarm, but just to perform a much simpler local task. This chapter introduces the basics of the algorithm and describes the main features which make it particularly efficient in solving a large number of problems, with particular regard to image analysis and to the modifications that must be applied to the basic algorithm, in order to exploit its most attractive features in a domain which is different from function optimization. Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Ferula sinkiangensis (Chou-AWei, Chinese Ferula): Traditional Uses, Phytoconstituents, Biosynthesis, and Pharmacological Activities (2023)

<i>Ferula</i> is the third largest genus of the Apiaceae family, its species are utilized as a remedy for diverse ailments all over the world. <i>F. sinkiangensis</i> K. M. Shen (Chou-AWei, Chinese <i>Ferula</i>) is mainly found in Xin-jiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. Traditionally, it is utilized for treating various illnesses such as digestive disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, wound infection, baldness, bronchitis, ovarian cysts, intestinal worms, diarrhea, malaria, abdominal mass, cold, measles, and bronchitis. It can produce different classes of metabolites such as sesquiterpene coumarins, steroidal esters, lignans, phenylpropanoids, sesquiterpenes, monoterpenes, coumarins, organic acid glycosides, and sulfur-containing compounds with prominent bioactivities. The objective of this work is to point out the reported data on <i>F. sinkiangensis,</i> including traditional uses, phytoconstituents, biosynthesis, and bioactivities. In the current work, 194 metabolites were reported from <i>F. sinkiangensis</i> in the period from 1987 to the end of 2022. Nevertheless, future work should be directed to conduct <i>in vivo</i>, mechanistic, and clinical assessments of this plant`s metabolites to confirm its safe usage.
A compact high-power antenna for ultrawideband nanosecond bipolar pulse (2015)

In this article, the design procedures and radiation characteristics of a compact high-power antenna are discussed. The antenna is designed to efficiently radiate a high-power ultrawideband nanosecond bipolar pulse. The fabricated antenna realizes directive radiation and a wide bandwidth of 0.2–3.44 GHz (17.2:1) with dimensions of 300 × 300 × 260 mm3 (width × height × length). The measured far-voltage is 4.2 kV when the antenna is excited by a 2.5 kV amplitude bipolar pulse with a 1.3 nanosecond pulse width. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:1296–1301, 2015
Gene therapy utilizing drug resistance genes: A review (1994)

The generation of drug resistant bone marrow may facilitate the development of aggressive chemotherapeutic regimens that might otherwise be lethal due to marrow toxicity. With the availability of technology that permits in vitro manipulation of human marrow and peripheral blood stem cells, it is now possible to introduce genes that confer drug resistance to these hematopoietic progenitors. Animal models and in vitro work with human progenitors using drug resistance genes are reviewed.
A80 ENDOSCOPIC HEALING WITH USTEKINUMAB IN CROHN’S DISEASE: THE UNITI ENDOSCOPY SUB-STUDY (2018)

AIMS: To evaluate endoscopic healing in the ustekinumab (UST) induction (UNITI-1&2) & maintenance (IM-UNITI) phase 3 studies. METHODS: Substudy patients (pts) had colonoscopies at baseline (UNITI Wk0), then 8 & 52 weeks later (IM-UNITI Wk44). Video-endoscopies were centrally read by a single blinded reader for ulcerations & SES-CD. In UNITI, pts received one IV dose (UST 130mg, UST ~6mg/kg, or PBO). Pts with clinical response [CR] (CDAI drop≥100) in UNITI were re-randomized to subcutaneous (SC) PBO or UST 90mg (q12w or q8w) [primary randomized IM-UNITI population]. Non-randomized pts were added to the pooled IM-UNITI population: UST IV non-responders - SC UST 90mg, then SC UST 90mg q8w if in CR 8wks later; PBO IV non-responders - UST IV 130mg, then SC UST 90mg q12w if in CR 8wks later; PBO induction responders - PBO throughout. Pts required SES-CD ≥3 at UNITI Wk0 to be included. Primary outcome: Change in SES-CD at UNITI Wk8 (combined UST vs PBO). IM-UNITI Wk44 efficacy was evaluated for both the IM-UNITI populations. RESULTS: At wk8, UST reduced SES-CD significantly more vs PBO. Results were similar across UST doses, studies, & other endpoints (Table 1a). At IM-UNITI Wk44, in the primary randomized IM-UNITI population trends favoured UST vs PBO maintenance (especially UST 90mg q8w) but small sample sizes (UST n=46; PBO n=24) limited conclusions. In the post-hoc pooled IM-UNITI population (Table 1b), trends supporting UST maintenance were favourable, especially 90mg q8w. CONCLUSIONS: The endoscopy substudy primary endpoint was met: One IV UST dose significantly reduced SES-CD vs PBO, as early as Wk8. More pts receiving UST maintenance achieved wk44 endpoints vs PBO. These data support efficacy of UST in inducing & maintaining endoscopic healing in CD. FUNDING AGENCIES: Janssen Research & Development, LLC
A microdialysis study of allatostatin degradation in Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera, Blattellidae) (2000)

Summary Allatostatins with a typical C‐terminal sequence YXFGL‐NH 2 are insect neuropeptides with inhibitory properties upon Juvenile Hormone production in the corpora allata, vitellogenin release by the fat body, and gut and dorsal vessel motility. All these biological effects are rapidly reversible, suggesting the occurrence of effective mechanisms for inactivation of the peptides. We have studied the degradation of DRLYSFGL‐NH 2 (BLAST‐2), one of the allatostatins of Blattella germanica , in the internal milieu of adult females of this cockroach. The experimental approach combined the use of the radioiodinated derivative [ 125 I‐Tyr 4 ]BLAST‐2, microdialysis techniques and HPLC analysis with a radioisotope detector. Under these experimental conditions, the half‐life of BLAST‐2 in the internal milieu of the adult female of B. germanica was between 3 and 6 min. Such a short half‐life explains the high doses of allatostatins required to obtain the expected biological effects when tested in vivo , and suggests that circulating allatostatins are subject to rapid rates of synthesis and degradation in order to be operative physiologically.
On-Road Remote Sensing of Automobile Emissions in the Denver Area: Year 5, January 2005 (2006)

The University of Denver conducted a three-day remote sensing study in the Denver, CO area in the winter of 2005.The remote sensor used in this study is capable of measuring the ratios of CO, HC, and NO to CO 2 in motor vehicle exhaust.From these ratios, we calculate mass emissions per kg (or gallon) of fuel and the percent concentrations of CO, CO 2 , HC and NO in motor vehicle exhaust which would be observed by a tailpipe probe, corrected for water and any excess oxygen not involved in combustion.The system used in this study was also configured to determine the speed and acceleration of the vehicle, and was accompanied by a video system to record the license plate of the vehicle.Three days of fieldwork (January 8, 10-11, 2005) were conducted on the uphill exit ramp from northbound Interstate 25 to westbound US 6 Denver, CO.A database was compiled containing 20,030 records for which the State of Colorado provided make and model year information.All of these records contained valid measurements for at least CO and CO 2 , and 19,882 contained valid measurements for HC and NO as well.The database, as well as others compiled by the University of Denver, can be found at www.feat.biochem.du.edu.The mean percent CO, HC, and NO were determined to be 0.23%, 0.005%, and 0.037%, (29.3 g/kg, 1.9 g/kg and 5.2 g/kg), respectively.The fleet emissions measured in this study exhibit a gamma distribution, with the dirtiest 10% of the fleet responsible for 71%, 81%, and 58% of the CO, HC, and NO emissions, respectively.This was the fifth year of a multi-year continuing study to characterize motor vehicle emissions and deterioration in the Denver.The 2005 data show the least dependence on VSP of any of the previous data sets.CO, HC and NO emissions are at low levels across the entire VSP range.Using VSP, the emissions of the vehicle fleet measured in 2005 were adjusted to match the vehicle driving patterns of the fleet measured in 1999.All of the emissions continue to trend downward even at higher loads.This trend is more difficult to discern in the model year adjustments since the fleet has aged 7 years in the process.The increases observed in this analysis are just slightly larger than the estimated errors and point out that emission deterioration in the fleet is slowing considerably.Tracking of model year fleets through five measurements indicates that the rate of emissions deterioration continues to slow.The observed increases in emissions only slightly exceeded the standard errors of the mean, despite the age of the fleet increasing by 7 years.An analysis of high emitting vehicles showed that there is considerable overlap of CO and HC high emitters; for instance, 3.3% of the fleet emit 36% of the total CO and 42% of the total HC.The noise levels in the CO, HC and NO measurement channels were determined to be in a low noise range compared with previous campaigns. 13
Examining the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Behavior Rating Inventoryof Executive Function: Teacher Form (BRIEF-T) for Japanese elementary students (2021)

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Japanese version of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function – Teacher form (BRIEF-T). This modified BRIEF-T was administered to 643 children (1st─6th grades) as a community group and 64 boys with ASD and/or ADHD as a clinical group. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the modified rating scale had a two-factor structure, corresponding to its original version. Additionally, the results indicated that the scale had high internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Furthermore, upon setting the cutoff point at mean + 1.5 SD based on the original version, 3.3─9.7% of boys and 5.7─10.1% of girls in the community group were estimated to have executive dysfunction. In the clinical group, the discriminative power was low in the 1st and 2nd grades but was appropriate in children in the 3rd to 6th grades. These findings suggest that the Japanese version of BRIEF-T is reliable and valid, and could be an effective method for the screening children suffering from executive dysfunction.
Control Strategy for the Removal of NOx from Diesel Engine Exhaust using Hydrocarbon Selective Catalytic Reduction (2008)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;A unique catalyst developed using high-throughput discovery techniques in collaboration with BASF Corporation and Accelrys, Inc. was investigated at General Motors under simulated diesel engine exhaust feed conditions for the selective catalytic reduction of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt;. A hydrocarbon mixture was used as the reductant to model the multi-component nature of diesel fuel and the catalyst was evaluated over a wide range of temperatures (150 - 550°C) relevant to light-duty diesel exhaust. This report investigates the effects of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; (as NO or NO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;), hydrocarbon concentration level (HC:NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; ratio), oxygen concentration, NO concentration, catalyst space velocity, catalyst temperature, and the co-presence of hydrogen on steady-state NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; reduction activity. Using these results, a control strategy was developed to maximize NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; conversion over the wide-ranging exhaust conditions likely to be encountered in light-duty diesel applications.&lt;/div&gt;
PixelEngineTM All-in-One: a Printable Pixel-Driver MicroIC with Three-Dimensionally Integrated Red, Green, and Blue MicroLEDs (2022)

Displays that utilize millions of tiny microLEDs promise a future generation of phones, computers and televisions that are bright enough for sunlit environments yet consume less power. The microLEDs are made using wafer-level semiconductor processes, and key to manufacturing displays is the capability to assemble billions of microLEDs onto panels. Elastomer stamp transfer printing is a mass transfer technology with the yield, accuracy, speed, and scalability required to meet the demands of display manufacturing. The versatility of elastomer stamp transfer leads to further innovations for displays, these include the ability to integrate miniature integrated circuits, called microICs, for advanced backplanes and strategies where microLEDs are combined into PixelEngine packages on intermediate substrates before final assembly to the display panel. This paper reviews how transfer printing has been applied to microLED display development to date and describes a pixel-driver microIC with vertically integrated microLEDs, called PixelEngineAll-in-One, that performs all pixel functions and is designed to enable displays realized through assembly onto passive wiring panels.
Porphyrin-Loaded TyroSpheres for the Intracellular Delivery of Drugs and Photoinduced Oxidant Species (2020)

In order to understand the intracellular delivery of drugs and to improve the cell killing efficiency of photosensitizers (PSs) used in photodynamic therapy (PDT), we prepared TyroSphere nanoparticles, which are triblock polymer [poly(ethylene glycol)-<i>block</i>-oligo(desaminotyrosyltyrosine octyl ester suberate)-<i>block</i>-poly(ethylene glycol)] aggregates, loaded with amphiphilic porphyrins with either positive (CisDiMPyP) or negative (TPPS<sub>2a</sub>) charges. Their physicochemical and photochemical properties were investigated, as well as the efficiency and mechanism of PDT death in a cervical cancer cell line (HeLa). The photophysical properties of both PSs were improved when loaded in the nanocarrier, with a decrease in aggregation as well as an increase in the yield of singlet oxygen generation. The physical and chemical stability of TyroSphere nanoparticles allows them to enter cells and to promote the slow intracellular delivery of part of the PSs. Confocal steady-state and lifetime-resolved fluorescence imaging microscopy data showed that the released PSs are free to target their natural intracellular targets, which are mitochondria and lysosomes for CisDiMPyP and TPPS<sub>2a</sub>, respectively. The photodynamic efficiency of cell killing was increased considerably compared with the free PSs (∼3×), but the mechanism of cell death was the same as that of the free PSs, which are acute necro-apoptosis for CisDiMPyP and autophagy malfunction for TPPS<sub>2a</sub>, reflecting the specific damage in mitochondria and lysosomes, respectively. We are confident that TyroSpheres provide a novel and efficient platform to administrate PDT photosensitizers, as well as other drugs with intracellular targets.
A Simple Method to Identify Kinases That Regulate Embryonic Stem Cell Pluripotency by High-throughput Inhibitor Screening (2017)

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can self-renew or differentiate into all cell types, a phenomenon known as pluripotency. Distinct pluripotent states have been described, termed "naïve" and "primed" pluripotency. The mechanisms that control naïve-primed transition are poorly understood. In particular, we remain poorly informed about protein kinases that specify naïve and primed pluripotent states, despite increasing availability of high-quality tool compounds to probe kinase function. Here, we describe a scalable platform to perform targeted small molecule screens for kinase regulators of the naïve-primed pluripotent transition in mouse ESCs. This approach utilizes simple cell culture conditions and standard reagents, materials and equipment to uncover and validate kinase inhibitors with hitherto unappreciated effects on pluripotency. We discuss potential applications for this technology, including screening of other small molecule collections such as increasingly sophisticated kinase inhibitors and emerging libraries of epigenetic tool compounds.
Truncated (N)-Methanocarba Nucleosides as Partial Agonists at Mouse and Human A3 Adenosine Receptors: Affinity Enhancement by N6-(2-Phenylethyl) Substitution (2020)

Dopamine-derived <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-substituents, compared to <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(2-phenylethyl), in truncated (N)-methanocarba (bicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl) adenosines favored high A<sub>3</sub> adenosine receptor (AR) affinity/selectivity, e.g., C2-phenylethynyl analogue <b>15</b> (MRS7591, <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> = 10.9/17.8 nM, at human/mouse A<sub>3</sub>AR). <b>15</b> was a partial agonist in vitro (hA<sub>3</sub>AR, cAMP inhibition, 31% <i>E</i><sub>max</sub>; mA<sub>3</sub>AR, [<sup>35</sup>S]GTP-γ-S binding, 16% <i>E</i><sub>max</sub>) and in vivo and also antagonized hA<sub>3</sub>AR in vitro. Distal H-bonding substitutions of the <i>N</i><sup>6</sup>-(2-phenylethyl) moiety particularly enhanced mA<sub>3</sub>AR affinity by polar interactions with the extracellular loops, predicted using docking and molecular dynamics simulation with newly constructed mA<sub>3</sub>AR and hA<sub>3</sub>AR homology models. These hybrid models were based on an inactive antagonist-bound hA<sub>1</sub>AR structure for the upper part of TM2 and an agonist-bound hA<sub>2A</sub>AR structure for the remaining TM portions. These species-independent A<sub>3</sub>AR-selective nucleosides are low efficacy partial agonists and novel, nuanced modulators of the A<sub>3</sub>AR, a drug target of growing interest.