gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Propagation, Expansion, and Multilineage Differentiation of Human Somatic Stem Cells from Dermal Progenitors (2005)

We isolated multipotential mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from human postnatal dermal tissues. The isolated cells were expanded and maintained for over 100 population doublings with retention of their chromosomal complement and potential for multilineage differentiation. Progeny of cell lines established from a single dermal MSC could be differentiated into adipogenic, osteogenic, and myogenic lineages, consistent with the conclusion that we established a clonal, multipotential, somatic MSC cell line. This study is the first to show potential growth of multipotential human MSC cell lines from a single cell that can be used for the engineering of tissues in vivo. Clonal growth of MSCs presents profound implications in our understanding of differentiation and development, and should provide a valuable resource for tissue repair.
Non-Interactive Zero-Knowledge Proofs for Composite Statements. (2018)

The two most common ways to design non-interactive zero-knowledge (NIZK) proofs are based on Sigma protocols and QAP-based SNARKs. The former is highly efficient for proving algebraic statements while the latter is superior for arithmetic representations.
Chiral separation using molecularly imprinted heteroaromatic polymers (1993)

Novel molecularly imprinted polymer systems utilizing 4-vinylpyridine and 1-vinylimidazole as functional monomers have been developed for enantioselective recognition of carboxylic and N-protected amino acids. Non-covalent interactions between the functional monomers and the template molecules were the source of the subsequent recognition sites in the resultant polymers. The capacity of the polymers for molecular recognition was investigated by using them as stationary phases in the HPLC mode. Polymers prepared with 4-vinylpyridine were found to be more efficient in racemic resolution than those prepared with 1-vinylimidazole. When applying a racemic mixture of the template molecule, the polymers showed highest affinity for the enantiomer used as template. Imprints of a racemic template molecule, as expected, did not exhibit enantioselectivity. The optimal molar ratio of 4-vinylpyridine to the template Cbz-L-Asp-OH in the polymerization mixture was determined to be 12:1. In addition to enantioselectivity, the investigated polymers demonstrated 'ligand selectivity', e.g., a Cbz-L-Asp-OH-imprinted polymer was able to separate Cbz-D,L-Asp-OH, but was unable to separate Cbz-D,L-Glu-OH.
Tumor necrosis factor alpha levels in plasma and whole-blood culture in dengue-infected patients: Relationship between virus detection and pre-existing specific antibodies (1998)

The pathogenesis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is not well known, but the role of host factors has been suggested. The level of immunoreactive circulating and cell-generated tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) was studied in 35 patients with DHF; its relationship with virus isolation and/or genome detection by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and specific antibodies were detected by hemagglutination inhibition (HI). Large variation of TNF alpha plasma levels was obtained in dengue-infected patients at the same stage of the disease and at the same day after infection. Most of the patients (14 out of 17 patients) who displayed augmented spontaneous in vitro production of TNF alpha by heparinized whole-blood culture compared with controls also had elevated levels of TNF alpha in the plasma. The TNF alpha values in lipopolysaccharide and phytohemagglutinin heparinized whole-blood cultures were not higher in patients than in controls, but low TNF alpha levels were obtained in three out of 30 patients. An inverse correlation was observed between spontaneous in vitro TNF alpha production and viral replication, which raises the issue of the antiviral effect of TNF alpha in dengue infection. The results do not support the hypothesis of the role of antibody-dependent enhancement giving rise to increased viremic titers and production of TNF alpha in patients. The present study demonstrates the activation of the TNF alpha-producing cells in dengue-infected patients and suggests further investigation to define the mechanism and the role of TNF alpha in the pathogenesis of dengue virus infection.
Regulation of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions by tyrosine phosphorylation of erythrocyte band 3 (2011)

The cytoplasmic domain of band 3 serves as a center of erythrocyte membrane organization and constitutes the major substrate of erythrocyte tyrosine kinases. Tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 is induced by several physiologic stimuli, including malaria parasite invasion, cell shrinkage, normal cell aging, and oxidant stress (thalassemias, sickle cell disease, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, etc). In an effort to characterize the biologic sequelae of band 3 tyrosine phosphorylation, we looked for changes in the polypeptide's function that accompany its phosphorylation. We report that tyrosine phosphorylation promotes dissociation of band 3 from the spectrin-actin skeleton as evidenced by: (1) a decrease in ankyrin affinity in direct binding studies, (2) an increase in detergent extractability of band 3 from ghosts, (3) a rise in band 3 cross-linkability by bis-sulfosuccinimidyl-suberate, (4) significant changes in erythrocyte morphology, and (5) elevation of the rate of band 3 diffusion in intact cells. Because release of band 3 from its ankyrin and adducin linkages to the cytoskeleton can facilitate changes in multiple membrane properties, tyrosine phosphorylation of band 3 is argued to enable adaptive changes in erythrocyte biology that permit the cell to respond to the above stresses.
Resource Allocation and Interference Management in OFDMA-based VLC\n Networks (2018)

Resource allocation and interference management are two main issues that need\nto be carefully addressed in visible light communication (VLC) systems. In this\npaper, we propose a resource allocation scheme that can also handle the\ninter-cell interference in a multi-user VLC system that employs orthogonal\nfrequency division multiple access (OFDMA). Particularly, we suggest dividing\nthe cell coverage into two non-overlapping zones and performing a two-step\nresource allocation process, in which each step corresponds to a different\nlevel of allocating resources, i.e., zone and user levels. We initially define\nboth zones in terms of the physical area and the amount of allocated resources\nand we investigate the impact of illumination requirements on defining both\nzones. Through simulations, we evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme\nin terms of the area spectral efficiency and the fairness level between the two\nzones. We show that both performance measures can be potentially enhanced by\ncarefully setting a certain design parameter that reflects the priority level\nof the users located in the region around the cell center, denoted as Zone 0,\nin terms of the achievable rate. We further eventuate the system performance in\na realistic transmission scenario using a simulation tool.\n
Miscibility and morphologies of poly(arylene ether phenyl phosphine oxide/sulfone) copolymer/vinyl ester resin mixtures and their cured networks (2000)

Nonreactive bisphenol A-based poly(arylene ether triphenyl phosphine oxide/diphenyl sulfone) statistical copolymers and a poly(arylene ether triphenyl phosphine oxide) homopolymer, each having a number-average molecular weight of about 20 kg/mol, were synthesized and solution-blended with a commercial dimethacrylate vinyl ester resin. Free-radical cured systems produced morphologies that were a function of both the amount of phosphonyl groups and the weight percentage of the copolymers. For example, highly hydrogen-bonded poly(arylene ether phenyl phosphine oxide) homopolymer/vinyl ester resin mixtures were homogeneous in all proportions both before and after the formation of networks. Copolymers containing low amounts (≤30 mol %) of the phosphonyl groups displayed phase separation either before or during cure. The phase-separated cured materials generally had phase-inverted morphologies, such as a continuous thermoplastic copolymer phase and a particulate, discontinuous vinyl ester network phase, except for systems containing a very low copolymer content. The resin modified with a copolymer containing 30 mol % phosphine oxide comonomer showed improved fracture toughness, suggesting the importance of both phase separation and good adhesion between the thermoplastic polymer and the crosslinked vinyl ester filler phase. The results suggested that the copolymers with high amounts of phosphine oxide should be good candidates for interphase sizing materials between a vinyl ester matrix and high-modulus carbon fibers for advanced composite systems. Copolymers with low amounts of phosphonyl groups can produce tough, vinyl ester-reinforced plastics. The char yield increases with the concentration of bisphenol A poly(arylene ether phosphine oxide) content, suggesting enhanced fire resistance. The incorporation of thermoplastic copolymers sustains a high glass-transition temperature but does not significantly affect the thermal degradation onset temperature. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 38: 2409–2421, 2000
Photodynamic therapy effect of m-THPC (Foscan®) in vivo: correlation with pharmacokinetics (2003)

m-Tetra(hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (m-THPC, Foscan, Temoporfin) has an unusually high photodynamic efficacy which cannot be explained by its photochemical properties alone. In vivo interactions are therefore of critical importance in determining this high potency. The pharmacokinetics of m-THPC in a rat tumour model was determined using (14)C m-THPC in an LSBD(1) fibrosarcoma implanted into BDIX rats. The photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy was determined at different drug administrations to light intervals and correlated with the tumour and plasma pharmacokinetic data. The plasma pharmacokinetics of m-THPC can be interpreted by compartmental analysis as having three half-lives of 0.46, 6.91 and 82.5 h, with a small initial volume of distribution, suggesting retention in the vascular compartment. Tissues of the reticuloendothelial system showed high accumulation of m-THPC, particularly the liver. PDT efficacy of m-THPC over the same time course seemed to exhibit two peaks of activity (2 and 24 h), in terms of tumour growth delay with the peak at 24 h postinjection correlating to the maximum tumour concentration. Investigation on tumour cells isolated from m-THPC-treated tumours suggested that the peak PDT activity at 2 h represents an effect on the vasculature while the peak at 24 h shows a more direct response. These results indicate that the in vivo PDT effect of m-THPC occurs via several mechanisms.
Development of CVD-Ru/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5//CVD-TiN capacitor for multigigabit-scale DRAM generation (2002)

We have investigated the electrical properties of metal/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5//metal (MIM-Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5/) capacitor for multigigabit-scale DRAMs. CVD-TiN film was used as a bottom electrode, whereas PVD-TiN, CVD-TiN and CVD-Ru metals were compared for a top electrode. Our results, including electrical properties and step coverage, showed that a CVD-Ru film is the most promising top electrode material. Based on this result, a CVD-Ru/Ta/sub 2/O/sub 5//CVD-TiN capacitor with cylinder-type storage node was developed, and the cell capacitance of 40fF/cell with the leakage current of 0.1fA/cell at /spl plusmn/1 V applied voltage was accomplished.
Non-asymptotic upper bounds on the probability of the e-atypical set for markov chains (2004)

For a stationary, irreducible and aperiodic Markov chain with finite alphabet A, starting symbol X/sub 0/=/spl sigma/, transition probability matrix P, stationary distribution /spl pi/, support S(/spl pi/,P)={(j,k):/spl pi//sub j/P/sub k|j/>0} and for a function f such that M=/spl Delta/E/sub /spl pi/P/f(X/sub 1/,X/sub 2/)<+/spl infin/ it is known that limsup/sub l/spl rarr//spl infin// 1/l log/sub 2/ /spl mu/(|M-1/l /spl Sigma//sub i=1//sup l/f(X/sub i-1/,X/sub i/)|/spl ges//spl epsiv/)/spl les/-inf/sub (q,Q)/spl isin//spl Gamma/(e)/ D(Q/spl par/P), where /spl Gamma//sub /spl epsiv//={(q,Q):|E/sub /spl pi/,P/f(X/sub 1/,X/sub 2/)-E/sub q,Q/f(X/sub 1/,X/sub 2/)|/spl ges//spl epsiv/ Qq=q,S(q,Q)/spl sub/S(/spl pi/,P)}. In this paper we demonstrate that inf/sub (q,Q)/spl isin//spl Gamma/(e)/ D(Q/spl par/P)/spl ges/ 1/(2ln2)[sup/sub n/spl ges/1:Kn>0/{K/sub n//(1+K/sub n/)}/spl epsiv//(max/sub j,k:P(k|j)/>0|f(j,k)|]/sup 2/ where K/sub n/=(1-|A|max/sub j,k/|P/sub k|j//sup n/-/spl pi//sub k/)/n). Under the conditions stated, the set over which the sup is taken is nonempty and therefore the sup exists and is positive; it is also shown that the sup is attained at a finite value of n. A nonasymptotic version of this result is also given based on the method of Markov types.
Jointly Optimizing Client Selection and Resource Management in Wireless Federated Learning for Internet of Things (2021)

Federated learning (FL) has been proposed to efficiently and privacy-preserving distributed machine learning architecture for the Internet of Things (IoT). In a wireless FL system, clients in IoT devices train their local models over the local data sets. The derived local models are uploaded to an FL server to generate a global model, broadcasted to the clients in the next global iteration for further training. Owing to the heterogeneous feature of the clients, client selection is critical to determine the overall training time. Traditionally, the objective of client selection is to select the maximum number of clients who can derive and upload their local models before the deadline in each global iteration. However, selecting more clients increases the energy consumption of the clients. Moreover, selecting the maximum number of clients is unnecessary as having fewer clients in early global iterations and more clients in later global iterations have been proved to achieve higher model accuracy. Hence, this article proposes to dynamically adjust and optimize the tradeoff between maximizing the number of selected clients and minimizing the total energy consumption of the clients by selecting suitable clients and allocating appropriate resources in terms of CPU frequency and transmission power. We formulate the joint client selection and resource management problem and design the energy and latency-aware resource management and client selection (ELASTIC) algorithm to efficiently solve the problem. Extensive simulations are conducted to demonstrate the performance of ELASTIC.
Distributed spectrum estimation in sensor networks (2004)

This paper considers the problem of fusing the statistical information gained by a distributed network of sensors. We formulate the problem as a convex feasibility problem, that is, finding a point in the intersection of finitely many closed convex sets. We then present a distributed optimization algorithm to solve the problem.
Tunable frequency combs based on dual microring resonators (2015)

In order to achieve efficient parametric frequency comb generation in microresonators, external control of coupling between the cavity and the bus waveguide is necessary. However, for passive monolithically integrated structures, the coupling gap is fixed and cannot be externally controlled, making tuning the coupling inherently challenging. We design a dual-cavity coupled microresonator structure in which tuning one ring resonance frequency induces a change in the overall cavity coupling condition. We demonstrate wide extinction tunability with high efficiency by engineering the ring coupling conditions. Additionally, we note a distinct dispersion tunability resulting from coupling two cavities of slightly different path lengths, and present a new method of modal dispersion engineering. Our fabricated devices consist of two coupled high quality factor silicon nitride microresonators, where the extinction ratio of the resonances can be controlled using integrated microheaters. Using this extinction tunability, we optimize comb generation efficiency as well as provide tunability for avoiding higher-order mode-crossings, known for degrading comb generation. The device is able to provide a 110-fold improvement in the comb generation efficiency. Finally, we demonstrate open eye diagrams using low-noise phase-locked comb lines as a wavelength-division multiplexing channel.
Review—Practical Challenges Hindering the Development of Solid State Li Ion Batteries (2017)

Solid state electrolyte systems boasting Li+conductivity of >10 mS cm−1at room temperature have opened the potential for developing a solid state battery with power and energy densities that are competitive with conventional liquid electrolyte systems. The primary focus of this review is twofold. First, differences in Li penetration resistance in solid state systems are discussed, and kinetic limitations of the solid state interface are highlighted. Second, technological challenges associated with processing such systems in relevant form factors are elucidated, and architectures needed for cell level devices in the context of product development are reviewed. Specific research vectors that provide high value to advancing solid state batteries are outlined and discussed. Keywords: dendrite; Li ion battery; Li ion conductor; Li metal anode; solid electrolyte; solid state battery
Data from The Novel Tryptamine Derivative JNJ-26854165 Induces Wild-Type p53- and E2F1-Mediated Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid and Lymphoid Leukemias (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The development of small-molecule activators of p53 is currently focused on malignancies containing a wild-type p53 genotype, which is present in most leukemias. JNJ-26854165 is one such p53-activating agent, but its mechanism of action remains to be elucidated. Here, we report the effects of JNJ-26854165 in acute leukemias. JNJ-26854165 treatment induced p53-mediated apoptosis in acute leukemia cells with wild-type p53, in which p53 rapidly drives transcription-independent apoptosis followed by activation of a transcription-dependent pathway. JNJ-26854165 accelerated the proteasome-mediated degradation of p21 and antagonized the transcriptional induction of p21 by p53. Interestingly, JNJ-26854165 induced S-phase delay and upregulated E2F1 expression in p53 mutant cells, resulting in apoptosis preferentially of S-phase cells. E2F1 knockdown blocked apoptosis induced by JNJ-26854165 in p53 mutant cells. Apoptotic activity of JNJ-26854165 against primary acute leukemia cells was maintained in leukemia/stroma cocultures, unlike doxorubicin, which has reduced cytrotoxicity in coculture systems. JNJ-26854165 synergizes with 1-β-arabinofuranosylcytosine or doxorubicin to induce p53-mediated apoptosis. Our data suggest that JNJ-26854165 may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute leukemias. The presence of p53-independent apoptotic activity in addition to p53-mediated apoptosis induction, if operational &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;, may prevent the selection of p53 mutant subclones during therapy. Mol Cancer Ther; 9(9); 2545–57. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Bragg gratings made in reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides with a femtosecond IR laser and a phase mask (2005)

Three-decibel reflecting Bragg gratings were made in buried reverse proton exchange lithium niobate waveguides with high-power femtosecond infrared radiation from a regenerative Ti : sapphire amplifier and a phase mask. Two superposed gratings were observed: a relief grating on the surface of the crystal with a 300-nm corrugation depth and a subsurface grating in phase with the surface grating. Atomic force and optical microscopy were used to characterize the grating's physical structure.
Phosphorescence lifetime imaging in turbid media: the forward problem (2003)

An adequate description of the propagation of near-infrared light in highly scattering media is important for imaging hidden luminescent inhomogeneities in tissues. We present an improved approach to modeling of the forward problem based on a telegraph equation. The asymptotic solutions of the telegraph equation are derived and analyzed. The expression for the mean photon path length is also obtained.
Investigation of Interfacial Layer for Ultrasonic Spot Welded Aluminum to Copper Joints (2017)

The bonding formation for ultrasonic welding of dissimilar metals has been shrouded in mystery because of the complex thermomechanical behavior at the bonding interface. We investigated the microstructure and phases at the bonding interface of ultrasonically welded aluminum to copper joints using transmission electron microscopy, and found a ~10 nm thick transition layer composed of amorphous phase and nanocrystallines, which was believed to form the bonding between these two metals in addition to mechanical interlocking observed at a larger scale. Interdiffusion of parent elements (i.e. Al and Cu) was noticed in the amorphous phase, which was mainly driven by plastic deformation in solid state introduced by ultrasonic vibration. High densities of dislocations and stacking faults were also observed in the parent metals close to the transition layer, confirming the effects of severe plastic deformation.
A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms at codon 171 in the prion gene for the genotyping of scrapie susceptibility in sheep (2008)

The objective of this study was to report a reliable real-time polymerase chain reaction assay compatible with the Roche LightCycler 2.0 capable of genotyping sheep for scrapie susceptibility at codon 171. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the prion protein gene in sheep that may govern resistance to scrapie at codon 171 encode for lysine (K), histidine (H), glutamine (Q), and arginine (R). A modified proteinase K method for leukocytes or whole blood was used to isolate genomic DNA from sheep blood. Fluoresentric developed and optimized primers and probes for the codon 171 SNP assay. The assay was initially validated using 218 determinations from whole blood of known genotypes with 100% correct identity. The assay was further validated through a whole-blood check test provided annually by the National Veterinary Services Laboratory with a correct identification rate of 100%. From January 2005 to December 2006, 3,672 samples from blood were genotyped at codon 171. The genotypes were QR(171) (n = 1,838, 50.05%), RR(171) (n = 1,423, 38.75%), QQ(171) (n = 407, 11.08%), HR(171) (n = 2, 0.05%), and HQ(171) (n = 2, 0.05%). The combination of this simple extraction method and the novel Fluoresentric assay is very accurate, is capable of identifying all 4 SNPs at codon 171 in one reaction, and has proven to be a useful tool for producers in their selective breeding programs.
Local Electric Field Effects on Rhodium-Porphyrin and NHC-Gold Catalysts (2015)

Abstract : Controlling the selectivity of catalytic reactions is one of the greatest challenges of synthesizing organic compounds that are essential for health, technology, and defense. The purpose of this project was to investigate the use of externally applied electric fields to control the selectivity of reactions in a way that is complementary to conventional methods. Using a custom reaction vessel, it was shown that the selectivity of reactions that are confined to an insulating electrode-electrolyte interface could be altered by the application of a voltage across the interface. The magnitude of the selectivity changes depended on the charge density that accumulated at the interface, which was controlled by the voltage and the interfacial capacitance. It was proposed that the charge density affects the reaction outcome through local field-dipole interactions with the reacting species themselves and/or the surrounding solvent molecules. In a separate set of experiments, it was shown that field-dipole interactions that arise in tight ion pairs could be exploited to control selectivity. The counterion to a reactive complex in a tight ion pair preferentially stabilizes transition states with the largest dipole moments.