gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oncological outcomes after partial vs radical nephrectomy in renal cell carcinomas of ≤7 cm with presumed renal sinus fat invasion on preoperative imaging (2014)

Renal tumours of ≤7 cm with presumed renal sinus fat invasion were mostly pT1. PN conferred equivalent oncological outcomes to RN. If clear surgical margins can be obtained, PN should be considered for these tumours, as patients may benefit from renal function preservation.
Metric Weighting Scheme on a Coded Fractional Sampling OFDM System (2009)

In this paper, a metric weighting scheme on a coded fractional sampling orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (FS OFDM) system is investigated. FS achieves path diversity with a single antenna through oversampling and subcarrier-based maximal ratio combining (MRC). Though the oversampling increases diversity order, correlation among noise components may deteriorate bit error rate (BER) performance. To clarify the relationship between the impulse response of the pulse shaping filter and the BER performance, five different pulse shaping filters are evaluated in the coded FS OFDM system. Numerical results obtained through computer simulation show that the metric weighting based on the Frobenius norm improves BER performance of the coded FS OFDM system.
Suppressive effects of LAT1-specific inhibitor on a murine model of Th17-dependent steroid-resistant asthma (2022)

Glucocorticosteroids are principal drugs for the treatment of bronchial asthma. However, around 10 % of asthmatic patients do not respond adequately to the steroid therapy. The intractable asthma is considered to associate with dysregulated Th17 cells and resulting neutrophil invasion. In this presentation, we show that the inhibition of LAT1, a transporter of large neutral amino acids, provides a possible option to improve steroid-resistant asthma. We investigated the effect of JPH203, a LAT1 specific inhibitor, on allergic airway inflammation developed in BALB/c mice transferred with in vitro-differentiated ovalbumin-specific Th17 cells. JPH203 administration suppressed the allergen-induced bronchial hyperresponsiveness and neutrophil accumulation in the lungs, whereas no significant effects were observed by dexamethasone treatment. JPH203 inhibited cytokine production of Th17 cells along with reducing mTOR activity, in contrast to the less effect of dexamethasone, suggesting the possible mechanisms underlying the suppression of Th17-dependent and steroid-resistant airway inflammation by LAT1 inhibition. Our results propose LAT1 as a novel target for the treatment of steroid-resistant asthma.
Side-channel plaintext-recovery attacks on leakage-resilient encryption (2017)

Differential power analysis (DPA) is a powerful tool to extract the key of a cryptographic implementation from observing its power consumption during the en-/decryption of many different inputs. Therefore, cryptographic schemes based on frequent re-keying such as leakage-resilient encryption aim to inherently prevent DPA on the secret key by limiting the amount of data being processed under one key. However, the original asset of encryption, namely the plaintext, is disregarded. This paper builds on this observation and shows that the re-keying countermeasure does not only protect the secret key, but also induces another DPA vulnerability that allows for plaintext recovery. Namely, the frequent re-keying in leakage-resilient streaming modes causes constant plaintexts to be attackable through first-order DPA. Similarly, constant plaintexts can be revealed from re-keyed block ciphers using templates in a second-order DPA. Such plaintext recovery is particularly critical whenever long-term key material is encrypted and thus leaked. Besides leakage-resilient encryption, the presented attacks are also relevant for a wide range of other applications in practice that implicitly use re-keying, such as multi-party communication and memory encryption with random initialization for the key. Practical evaluations on both an FPGA and a microcontroller support the feasibility of the attacks and thus suggest the use of cryptographic implementations protected by mechanisms like masking in scenarios that require data encryption with multiple keys.
Modeling of Via Resistance for Advanced Technology Nodes (2017)

We investigate the dependence of Cu via resistance on via dimensions, shape, misalignment, and Co via prefill level by means of a novel resistivity model, calibrated to actual wires on silicon and integrated into the Synopsys Raphael tool. For this paper, we consider the case of 16 and 12nm self-aligned vias, which are representative for the 7 and 5nm logic technology nodes, respectively. Process emulations are performed by using the Synopsys Sentaurus Process Explorer tool in order to generate 3-D models of the investigated via structures. Finally, via resistance is extracted through current simulations in Raphael, that is, by taking into account the actual conductive path from the wires into the via. We predict that via resistance could increase by more than a factor of 2 from node to node. We show that chamfered vias can exhibit up to 56% less resistance than standard (87° tapered) vias because of the larger cross section at the via top. For the same reason, via resistance sensitivity to via width variations along the direction of the connecting (i.e. upper) wire is smaller for chamfered vias. As far as via misalignment to the connected (i.e. lower) wire is concerned, we demonstrate that in the range of interest, the induced resistance increase is not severe (e.g. 20% or lower), and in particular, via resistance is not inversely proportional to the contact area between the via and the connected wire. If side contact to the connected wire is enabled upon misalignment, the via resistance increase is further reduced. If vias are fully self-aligned, that is, self-aligned to both connecting and connected wires, the impact of misalignment can be neutralized in a certain range by properly oversizing the via mask in the direction along the connecting wire. Finally, we show that Co via prefill can enable a substantial reduction (up to 45%) of via resistance for chamfered vias, where the bottom barrier surface can be significantly increased when raised to the via top by means of the prefill step.
Hydrogen Silsesquioxane:  A Molecular Precursor for Nanocrystalline Si−SiO2 Composites and Freestanding Hydride-Surface-Terminated Silicon Nanoparticles (2006)

We report the bulk preparation of nanocrystalline Si−SiO2 (nc-Si/SiO2) composites via straightforward reductive thermal annealing of a well-defined molecular precursor, hydrogen silsesquioxane. The presented method affords quantitative yields of composite powders in large quantities. Freestanding, hydride-surface-terminated silicon nanocrystals that photoluminesce throughout the visible spectrum are readily liberated from nc-Si/SiO2 composite powders upon etching in ethanol−water solutions of hydrofluoric acid. Composites and freestanding particles were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT−IR), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
Metal-Induced Artifacts in MRI (2011)

The presence of metallic implants in MRI can cause substantial image artifacts, including signal loss, failure of fat suppression, geometric distortion, and bright pile-up artifacts. These cause large resonant frequency changes and failure of many MRI mechanisms. Careful parameter and pulse sequence selections can avoid or reduce artifacts, although more advanced imaging methods offer further imaging improvements.
Interaktive multiskale Waveletfilterung von Mammogrammen zur verbesserten Detektion in röntgendichtem Brustgewebe (2010)

Die Mammographie war und ist die wichtigste bildgebende Modalität in der Früherkennung von Brustkrebs. Je früher im Screening ein Tumor gefunden wird, desto höher gelten die Heilungschancen. In mammographisch dichtem Gewebe ist allerdings die Detektion erschwert, da sich hier die Tumorgrenzen im Mammogramm durch die hohe Röntgenabsorption der Umgebung deutlich schlechter abgrenzen lassen. In diesem Kontext bieten wir eine Methode zur visuellen Verstärkung subtiler Strukturen in mammographisch dichten Brüsten. Unsere Methode basiert auf einer multiskalen Wavelettransformation mit anschließender Gewichtung der einzelnen Frequenzanteile im Mammogramm. Durch eine stärkere Gewichtung der hohen und gleichzeitig eine Abschwächung der niedrigen Frequenzanteile werden feingliedrige Strukturen und schwach kontrastierte Konturen hervorgehoben, während das mammographisch dichte Brustgewebe in seiner Intensität abgeschwächt und so dem Gesamtbild angepasst wird. Unsere Anwendung erlaubt einen stufenlosen Wechsel vom Original zum gefilterten Bild und bietet durch diesen dynamischen Prozess die Möglichkeit der fallspezifischen Anpassung des Filtergrades. Eine zusätzliche Methode zur Detektion von Strukturen bietet das räumliches Verschieben der einzelnen Frequenzanteile gegeneinander. Durch die manuell gesteuerte, geringfügige Bewegung der hohen relativ zu den niedrigen Frequenzanteilen im Mammogramm soll die visuelle Trennung und damit die Erkennung subtiler Strukturen unterstützt werden. Eine initiale Evaluation unserer interaktiven Methoden lässt einen positiven Einfluss auf die Sicherheit bzw. Geschwindigkeit der Detektion von architektonischen Veränderungen und Tumoren erwarten.
New syntheses of diaza‐crown ethers using boc protecting groups (1995)

Abstract BOC‐protected m ‐xylylenediamine was treated with tetraethyleneglycol ditosylate to form BOC‐protected diazabenzo‐18‐crown 5 (5) in a good yield. BOC‐protected diazabenzo‐21‐crown‐6 (6) was prepared in the same manner from BOC‐protected m ‐xylylenediamine and pentaethylene glycol ditosylate. Bis‐BOC‐protected diaza‐17‐crown‐5 (12) was prepared by treating BOC‐protected 1,4‐diaminobutane with 1,11‐diiodo‐3,6,9‐trioxaundecane. The BOC‐protecting groups were removed in methanolic 2 N hydrogen chloride to form the corresponding diaza‐crown ethers 7, 8 and 13 .
Abstract P73: Imaging Markers of Brain Frailty and Outcome in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke (2021)

Background and purpose: Functional outcome after stroke may be related to preexisting brain health. Several imaging markers of brain frailty have been described including brain atrophy and markers of small vessel disease. We investigated the association of these imaging markers with functional outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Methods: We retrospectively studied patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the AXIS-2 trial, an international, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical trial of Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor versus placebo. We assessed the ratio of brain parenchymal volume to total intracerebral volumes (i.e., the brain parenchymal fraction [BPF]) and total brain volumes from routine baseline MRI data obtained within 9 hours of symptom onset using the unified segmentation algorithm in SPM12. Enlarged perivascular spaces (EPVS), white matter hyperintensities (WMH), lacunes as well as a small vessel disease (SVD) burden were rated visually. Functional outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score) at day 90 were determined. Logistic regression was used to test associations between brain imaging features and functional outcomes. As there was no significant effect of G-CSF on any outcomes in AXIS-2, placebo and active groups were combined for these analyses. Results: We enrolled 259 patients with a mean age of 69±12 years and 46 % were female. Increased BPF was associated with higher odds of excellent outcome (OR per percent increase: 1.081, 95%CI: 1.012-1.155). Total brain volumes and SVD burden were not associated with functional outcome. An interaction between BPF and large vessel occlusion on excellent outcome was not observed. Conclusions: Global brain health, as assessed by brain parenchymal fraction on magnetic resonance imaging, is associated with excellent functional outcome after ischemic stroke. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT00927836.
Oxygen regulates the band 3–ankyrin bridge in the human erythrocyte membrane (2012)

The oxygenation state of erythrocytes is known to impact several cellular processes. As the only known O2-binding protein in red blood cells, haemoglobin has been implicated in the oxygenation-mediated control of cell pathways and properties. Band 3, an integral membrane protein linked to the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton, preferentially binds deoxygenated haemoglobin at its N-terminus, and has been postulated to participate in the mechanism by which oxygenation controls cellular processes. Because the ankyrin-binding site on band 3 is located near the deoxyHb (deoxygenated haemoglobin)-binding site, we hypothesized that deoxyHb might impact the association between band 3 and the underlying erythrocyte cytoskeleton, a link that is primarily established through band 3-ankyrin bridging. In the present paper we show that deoxygenation of human erythrocytes results in displacement of ankyrin from band 3, leading to release of the spectrin/actin cytoskeleton from the membrane. This weakening of membrane-cytoskeletal interactions during brief periods of deoxygenation could prove beneficial to blood flow, but during episodes of prolonged deoxygenation, such as during sickle cell occlusive crises, could promote unwanted membrane vesiculation.
Stochastic noise model for intra-body terahertz nanoscale communication (2018)

The development of miniature plasmonic signal sources, antennas and detectors are paving the way towards advanced healthcare networks, namely, in-vivo Wireless Nanosensor Networks (iWNSNs). These networks are expected to enable a plethora of applications ranging from intra-body health-monitoring to drug-delivery systems. The state of the art of nanoelectronics, nanopho-tonics, and nanoplasmonics points to the Terahertz (THz) band (0.1-10 THz) as the frequency range for communication among nano-biosensors. Several propagation models have been recently developed to study and assess the feasibility of intra-body electromagnetic (EM) nanoscale communication. These works have been mainly focused on understanding the propagation of EM signals through biological media, but do not present extensive formulation which quantify the noise contributions in the intra-body channel. In this paper, a stochastic noise model for iWNSNs is presented upon analyzing the individual noise constituents that affect intra-body systems operating in the THz frequency band. The identified noise sources include Johnson-Nyquist noise, Black-body noise as well as Doppler-shift-induced noise. The probability distribution of each noise component is derived and a comprehensive noise framework is established which allows the total noise power-spectral density of the iWNSN in the THz frequency band to be computed. The proposed analytical model is fundamental as noise is an important metric which affects both the intra-body channel capacity and data rate in the THz band.
Review of benefits and challenges of vehicle-to-grid technology (2012)

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can behave either as loads or as distributed energy sources in a concept known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G). The V2G concept can improve the performance of the electricity grid in areas such as efficiency, stability, and reliability. A V2G-capable vehicle offers reactive power support, active power regulation, tracking of variable renewable energy sources, load balancing, and current harmonic filtering. These technologies can enable ancillary services, such as voltage and frequency control and spinning reserve. Costs of V2G include battery degradation, the need for intensive communication between the vehicles and the grid, effects on grid distribution equipment, infrastructure changes, and social, political, cultural and technical obstacles. Although V2G operation can reduce the lifetime of PEVs, it is projected to be more economical for vehicle owners and grid operators. This paper reviews these benefits and challenges of V2G technology for both individual vehicles and vehicle fleets.
Fast, accurate static analysis for fixed-point finite-precision effects in DSP designs (2003)

Translating digital signal processing (DSP) software into its finite-precision hardware implementation is often a time-consuming task. We describe a new static analysis technique that can accurately analyze finite-precision effects arising from fixed-point implementations of DSP algorithms. The technique is based on recent interval representation methods from affine arithmetic, and the use of new probabilistic bounds. The resulting numerical error estimates are comparable to detailed statistical simulation, but achieve speedups of four to five orders of magnitude by avoiding actual bit-true simulation. We show error analysis results on both feed forward and feedback DSP kernels.
Anomalous Schmidt reaction products of phenylacetic acid and derivatives (2000)

Treatment of carboxylic acids with sodium azide in sulfuric acid normally results in decarboxylation with conversion of the carboxylic acid to an amine (the Schmidt reaction). However, many side reactions have been reported to occur, particularly in the case of α-aryl carboxylic acids, such as sulfonation, direct amination of the phenyl ring, cyclization to a lactam, and elimination of side chains to give aniline. In this study, the reactions of a variety of analogues of phenylacetic acid under given reaction conditions are examined to determine which characteristics are important in the competing side reactions. Some reactions were carried out with TEMPO free radical as a radical scavenger to investigate whether direct amination proceeds by a radical intermediate. Phenylacetic acid is shown to give an ortho-aminated diamine product instead of the para-aminated one expected from direct amination. A mechanism for this side reaction, involving cyclization to a lactam intermediate followed by further cleavage, is proposed; an analogue of the hypothetical intermediate has been isolated for biphenylacetic acids.
Exact and fast L1 cache simulation for embedded systems (2009)

In recent years, the gap between the cycle time of processors and memory access time has been increasing. One of the solutions to solve this problem is to use a cache. But just using a large cache may not reduce the total memory access time. We can have an optimal cache configuration which minimizes overall memory access time by varying the three cache parameters: a cache set size, a line size, and an associativity. In this paper, we propose two exact cache simulation algorithms: CRCB1 and CRCB2, based on Cache Inclusion Property. They realize exact cache simulation but increase simulation speed dramatically. By using our approach, the number of cache hit/miss judgments required for simulating all the cache configurations is reduced to 31.4%--93.6% compared to conventional approaches. As a result, our proposed approach totally runs an average of 1.8 times faster and a maximum of 3.3 times faster compared to the fastest approach proposed so far. Our proposed exact cache simulation approach achieves the world fastest L1 cache simulation.
Inside Cover: 5′‐(E)‐Vinylphosphonate: A Stable Phosphate Mimic Can Improve the RNAi Activity of siRNA–GalNAc Conjugates (ChemBioChem 11/2016) (2016)

The inside cover picture shows the benefit of 5’-(E)-vinylphosphonate (VP), a stable phosphate mimic over 5′-phosphate (5′-P) in improving the siRNA-GalNAc conjugate loading into the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). The siRNA conjugated to trivalent N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) is recognized by the asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR) expressed on the surface of a hepatocyte for cellular uptake via endocytosis. Unlike natural phosphate, the 5′-VP on siRNA-GalNAc is not removed in endosome/lysosomes. The presence of 5′-VP on siRNA promotes RISC loading thereby improving the in vivo activity. On the other hand, the loss of 5′-P from siRNA-GalNAc hampers RISC loading. More information can be found in the communication by V. Jadhav et al. on page 985 in Issue 11, 2016 (DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201600130).
A novel fully integrated transmitter front-end with high power-added efficiency (2005)

A novel fully integrated transmitter front-end with a simple structure is proposed to obtain both high power-added efficiency (PAE) and a compact RF-front structure. To have all these characteristics, a novel antenna operating as a radiator, a harmonic tuning circuit, and an output matching network of the power amplifier is proposed. Therefore, the direct integration of the output of the power amplifier and antenna can be achieved without any impedance transformers. From the measured results and fabrication, it is shown that the proposed transmitter front-end provides high PAE of 67.5% and compact and integrated RF-front structure by the size reduction of 43% compared with the conventional class-F active antenna for high PAE.
IMCA: An Efficient In-Memory Convolution Accelerator (2021)

Traditional convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures suffer from two bottlenecks: computational complexity and memory access cost. In this study, an efficient in-memory convolution accelerator (IMCA) is proposed based on associative in-memory processing to alleviate these two problems directly. In the IMCA, the convolution operations are directly performed inside the memory as in-place operations. The proposed memory computational structure allows for a significant improvement in computational metrics, namely, TOPS/W. Furthermore, due to its unconventional computation style, the IMCA can take advantage of many potential opportunities, such as constant multiplication, bit-level sparsity, and dynamic approximate computing, which, while supported by traditional architectures, require extra overhead to exploit, thus reducing any potential gains. The proposed accelerator architecture exhibits a significant efficiency in terms of area and performance, achieving around 0.65 GOPS and 1.64 TOPS/W at 16-bit fixed-point precision with an area less than 0.25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
MINIATURISIERTE KOMPONENTEN UND SYSTEME FÜR DIE HERZ-KREISLAUF- UND GEWEBETHERAPIE (2002)

Article MINIATURISIERTE KOMPONENTEN UND SYSTEME FÜR DIE HERZ-KREISLAUF- UND GEWEBETHERAPIE was published on January 1, 2002 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 47, issue s1b).
Association between chondrocytes hypertrophy and angiogenesis of cartilage in osteoarthritis (2012)

peer reviewed
EFFECTS OF AMINO-GROUP CONTENT AND HYDROPHOBICITY OF CROSS-LINKEDN,N-DIMETHYLAMINOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE ADSORBENTS ON SELECTIVE REMOVAL OF LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDES (2000)

Cross-linked N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide (DMP) spherical particles for the selective removal of lipopoly-saccharides (LPS) from protein solution were prepared. When N, N'-buthylene-bis-methacrylamide (BBMA) and divinylbenzene (DVB) were each used as a cross-linking agent and the amino-group content was adjusted to 4.0 meq g−1 adsorbent or more, the DMP/BBMA and the DMP/DVB adsorbents showed good LPS adsorption at pH 7.0 and an ionic strength of μ = 0.05 to 0.2. On the other hand, the adsorption of bovine serum albumin, an acidic protein, by each adsorbent increased with the increase in the amino-group content to 4.5 mequiv. g−1 adsorbent or larger, but decreased with the increase in the ionic strength (μ) of the buffer to 0.2 or stronger. Only DMP/DVB specifically adsorbed aromatic proteins such as cytochrome c and myoglobin, over a wide ionic strength range of μ = 0.05 to 1.0. As a result, when the DMP/BBMA adsorbent which had an amino-group content of 4.0 meq g−1 was used in conditions of pH 7.0 and μ = 0.05, LPS was selectively removed from various protein solutions, naturally contaminated with LPS.