gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of split/splitless operation and rapid heating of a multi‐bed sorption trap used for gas chromatography analysis of large‐volume air samples (2006)

The effects of split-flow operation and rapid trap heating on injection-plug widths from an electrically heated, microscale, multibed sorption trap were evaluated. The sorption trap has been designed to quantitatively collect volatile organic compounds from large-volume vapor samples and inject them into a gas chromatograph. Previous trap designs resulted in injection-plug widths of typically a second or more, and this significantly degraded chromatographic resolution, particularly for early-eluting sample components and for high-speed separations. Injection-plug widths are determined by the heating rate of the trap during sample desorption and the volumetric flow rate of carrier gas through the trap. The effects of the heating rate of the trap and carrier gas velocity through the trap on the injection-plug widths of pentane, octane, and undecane were studied. Carrier gas velocity through the trap was increased by splitting the flow coming from the trap between the column and a vent. This decreases transport time from the trap to the column, and thus decreases injection-plug widths. The heating rate for the trap was increased by increasing the applied voltage in the range from 4 to 30 V. Increasing the heating rate decreases the time required to desorb the analytes from the sorbent bed, thus decreasing injection-plug width. Injection-plug widths as small as 89, 210, and 520 ms were obtained in the split mode with very fast heating rates for n-pentane, noctane, and n-undecane, respectively. The effect of split ratio on resolving power, peak height, and peak width was also evaluated.
The interaction of secreted phospholipase A2-IIA with the microbiota alters its lipidome and promotes inflammation (2022)

Secreted phospholipase A2-IIA (sPLA2-IIA) hydrolyzes phospholipids to liberate lysophospholipids and fatty acids. Given its poor activity toward eukaryotic cell membranes, its role in the generation of proinflammatory lipid mediators is unclear. Conversely, sPLA2-IIA efficiently hydrolyzes bacterial membranes. Here, we show that sPLA2-IIA affects the immune system by acting on the intestinal microbial flora. Using mice overexpressing transgene-driven human sPLA2-IIA, we found that the intestinal microbiota was critical for both induction of an immune phenotype and promotion of inflammatory arthritis. The expression of sPLA2-IIA led to alterations of the intestinal microbiota composition, but housing in a more stringent pathogen-free facility revealed that its expression could affect the immune system in the absence of changes to the composition of this flora. In contrast, untargeted lipidomic analysis focusing on bacteria-derived lipid mediators revealed that sPLA2-IIA could profoundly alter the fecal lipidome. The data suggest that a singular protein, sPLA2-IIA, produces systemic effects on the immune system through its activity on the microbiota and its lipidome.
CRLH Leaky-wave beam-forming antenna with enhanced gain for the V2X communication (2014)

In this paper, a CRLH Leaky-wave two-dimensional array antenna for hemispherical beam-forming aimed at V2X communication is proposed. This antenna is composed of 4×4 feed-network and 4 rows of CRLH leaky-wave radiating structures that adopt the capacitive inter-element coupled mushrooms. Every single capacitive coupling uses 0.75 pF. We will show beam-forming and enhanced gain performances.
Ozonation of Decalin as a Model Saturated Cyclic Molecule: A Spectroscopic Study (2021)

Ozonolysis is used for oxidation of a model cyclic molecule-decalin, which may be considered as an analog of saturated cyclic molecules present in heavy oil. The conversion of decalin exceeds 50% with the highest yield of formation of acids about 15-17%. Carboxylic acids, ketones/aldehydes, and alcohols are produced as intermediate products. The methods of UV-visible, transmission IR, attenuated total reflection IR-spectroscopy, NMR and mass-spectrometry were used to identify reaction products and unravel a possible reaction mechanism. The key stage of the process is undoubtedly the activation of the first C-H bond and the formation of peroxide radicals.
Porous Silicon-Based Nanomedicine for Simultaneous Management of Joint Inflammation and Bone Erosion in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2022)

The lack of drugs that target both disease progression and tissue preservation makes it difficult to effectively manage rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we report a porous silicon-based nanomedicine that efficiently delivers an antirheumatic drug to inflamed synovium while degrading into bone-remodeling products. Methotrexate (MTX) is loaded into the porous silicon nanoparticles using a calcium silicate based condenser chemistry. The calcium silicate-porous silicon nanoparticle constructs (pCaSiNPs) degrade and release the drug preferentially in an inflammatory environment. The biodegradation products of the pCaSiNP drug carrier are orthosilicic acid and calcium ions, which exhibit immunomodulatory and antiresorptive effects. In a mouse model of collagen-induced arthritis, systemically administered MTX-loaded pCaSiNPs accumulate in the inflamed joints and ameliorate the progression of RA at both early and established stages of the disease. The disease state readouts show that the combination is more effective than the monotherapies.
Simulation Study on an Ultra-High Resolution SPECT with CdTe Detectors (2006)

The development of semiconductor detectors such as CdTe and CdZnTe which work at room temperature enables us to realize a new SPECT system. These semiconductor detectors have a high energy resolution. Moreover, they are used as pixelated detectors, and so the intrinsic resolution can be equal to the pixel size used for measurement. The size of a detector pixel is as small as 1 mm, so that the spatial resolution of a reconstructed SPECT image can establish less than 3mm FWHM. To clarify the feasibility of an ultra-high resolution SPECT system, we conducted some simulations and evaluated the image quality.
The impact ofO-glycan chemistry on the stability of intrinsically disordered proteins (2018)

Protein glycosylation is a diverse post-translational modification that serves myriad biological functions. <i>O</i>-linked glycans in particular vary widely in extent and chemistry in eukaryotes, with secreted proteins from fungi and yeast commonly exhibiting <i>O</i>-mannosylation in intrinsically disordered regions of proteins, likely for proteolysis protection, among other functions. However, it is not well understood why mannose is often the preferred glycan, and more generally, if the neighboring protein sequence and glycan have coevolved to protect against proteolysis in glycosylated intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs). Here, we synthesized variants of a model IDP, specifically a natively <i>O</i>-mannosylated linker from a fungal enzyme, with α-<i>O</i>-linked mannose, glucose, and galactose moieties, along with a non-glycosylated linker. Upon exposure to thermolysin, <i>O</i>-mannosylation, by far, provides the highest extent of proteolysis protection. To explain this observation, extensive molecular dynamics simulations were conducted, revealing that the axial configuration of the C2-hydroxyl group (2-OH) of α-mannose adjacent to the glycan-peptide bond strongly influences the conformational features of the linker. Specifically, α-mannose restricts the torsions of the IDP main chain more than other glycans whose equatorial 2-OH groups exhibit interactions that favor perpendicular glycan-protein backbone orientation. We suggest that IDP stiffening due to <i>O</i>-mannosylation impairs protease action, with contributions from protein-glycan interactions, protein flexibility, and protein stability. Our results further imply that resistance to proteolysis is an important driving force for evolutionary selection of α-mannose in eukaryotic IDPs, and more broadly, that glycan motifs for proteolysis protection likely coevolve with the protein sequence to which they attach.
179 W recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FET with field-modulating plate (2004)

Microwave high-power performance has been achieved using a recessed-gate AlGaN/GaN heterojunction FET with a field-modulating plate. Making use of recessed-gate structure, the device exhibited an improved transconductance of 200 mS/mm with a maximum drain current of 900 mA/mm and a gate-drain breakdown voltage of 200 V. A 48 mm wide single-chip FET exhibited 179 W (3.7 W/mm) output power, 64% power-added efficiency, and 9.3 dB linear gain at a drain bias of 46 V. The saturated output power of 179 W is believed to be the highest ever achieved for any single-chip FETs.
Polymers from 1,3‐dipole addition reactions: The nitrilimine dipole from acid hydrazide chlorides (1968)

Abstract An investigation of the suitability of the 1,3‐dipole addition reaction of bisnitrilimines, generated from the corresponding acid hydrazide chlorides, with diyne and dinitrile dipolarophiles was carried out. The reactions of iso‐ and terephthaloylphenylhydrazide chlorides and 4,4′‐oxydibenzoylphenylhydrazide chloride with the dipolarophiles m ‐ and p ‐diethynylbenzene, m ‐divinylbenzene, and perfluoroglutaronitrile in the presence of triethylamine gave moderate molecular weight polymers containing pyrazole or triazole units along the polymer backbone. The polymers were soluble in such polar solvents as hexamethylphosphoramide and acids but had inherent viscosities only as high as 0.32. The thermogravimetric analyses of the finely powdered polypyrazoles showed breaks near 500°C. in air and in nitrogen atmospheres.
Rationalizing the Molecular Design of Hole‐Selective Contacts to Improve Charge Extraction in Perovskite Solar Cells (2019)

Abstract Two new hole selective materials (HSMs) based on dangling methylsulfanyl groups connected to the C‐9 position of the fluorene core are synthesized and applied in perovskite solar cells. Being structurally similar to a half of Spiro‐OMeTAD molecule, these HSMs (referred as FS and DFS) share similar redox potentials but are endowed with slightly higher hole mobility, due to the planarity and large extension of their structure. Competitive power conversion efficiency (up to 18.6%) is achieved by using the new HSMs in suitable perovskite solar cells. Time‐resolved photoluminescence decay measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy show more efficient charge extraction at the HSM/perovskite interface with respect to Spiro‐OMeTAD, which is reflected in higher photocurrents exhibited by DFS/FS‐integrated perovskite solar cells. Density functional theory simulations reveal that the interactions of methylammonium with methylsulfanyl groups in DFS/FS strengthen their electrostatic attraction with the perovskite surface, providing an additional path for hole extraction compared to the sole presence of methoxy groups in Spiro‐OMeTAD. Importantly, the low‐cost synthesis of FS makes it significantly attractive for the future commercialization of perovskite solar cells.
Charge transfers and charged defects in WSe 2 /graphene-SiC interfaces (2020)

We report on Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) and density functional theory (DFT) investigations of charge transfers in vertical heterojunctions between tungsten diselenide (WSe<sub>2</sub>) layers and graphene on silicon carbide substrates. The experimental data reveal the existence of an interface dipole, which is shown by DFT to originate from the neutralization of the graphene n-doping by an electron transfer towards the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layer. The relative vacuum level shift probed by KPFM between the TMD and the substrate stays constant when passing from monolayer to bilayer graphene, which confirms that the Schottky-Mott model can be rigorously applied to these interfaces by taking into account the charge transfer from the substrate to the TMD. DFT calculations show that the first TMD layer absorbs almost all the excess charges contained in the graphene, and that the second TMD layer shall not play a significant role in the electrostatics of the system. Negatively charged defect at the TMD edges contribute however to the electrostatic landscape probed by KPFM on both TMD layers.
Hydra: Resilient and Highly Available Remote Memory (2019)

We present Hydra, a low-latency, low-overhead, and highly available resilience mechanism for remote memory. Hydra can access erasure-coded remote memory within a single-digit microsecond read/write latency, significantly improving the performance-efficiency trade-off over the state-of-the-art -- it performs similar to in-memory replication with 1.6X lower memory overhead. We also propose CodingSets, a novel coding group placement algorithm for erasure-coded data, that provides load balancing while reducing the probability of data loss under correlated failures by an order of magnitude. With Hydra, even when only 50% of memory is local, unmodified memory-intensive applications achieve performance close to that of the fully in-memory case in the presence of remote failures and outperform the state-of-the-art solutions by up to 4.35X.
A comparison of dry powder inhaler dose delivery characteristics using a power criterion. (2006)

A novel method is described that compares the in vitro drug delivery characteristics of different dry powder inhalers (DPIs) based on the power supplied by the air flow. Power is defined as the rate at which work is done by the air flow and is equal to the product of pressure gradient and air flow rate through the inhaler. Tests were conducted to compare the emitted dose and fine particle fraction of the total dose (FPFTD) of the Diskus, Diskhaler, and a proprietary powder dispersion device (PDD) containing fluticasone propionate/lactose powder blends. Three power levels were selected: 1, 2, and 3 W, representing a range of inspiratory efforts. The Diskus and PDD were independent of power, delivering consistent doses and fine particle fractions over the range of powers evaluated. Diskhaler was dependent on power, the emitted dose and FPFTD significantly decreasing at the lower power level (1W) (p < 0.005). Diskus and Diskhaler are trademarks of the Glaxo Wellcome group of companies.
Intranasal soluble ACE2 improves survival and prevents brain SARS-CoV-2 infection (2023)

A soluble ACE2 protein bioengineered for long duration of action and high affinity to SARS-CoV-2 was administered either intranasally (IN) or intraperitoneally (IP) to SARS-CoV-2-inoculated k18hACE2 mice. This decoy protein (ACE2 618-DDC-ABD) was given either IN or IP, pre- and post-inoculation, or IN, IP, or IN + IP but only post-inoculation. Survival by day 5 was 0% in untreated mice, 40% in the IP-pre, and 90% in the IN-pre group. In the IN-pre group, brain histopathology was essentially normal and lung histopathology significantly improved. Consistent with this, brain SARS-CoV-2 titers were undetectable and lung titers reduced in the IN-pre group. When ACE2 618-DDC-ABD was administered only post-inoculation, survival was 30% in the IN + IP, 20% in the IN, and 20% in the IP group. We conclude that ACE2 618-DDC-ABD results in markedly improved survival and provides organ protection when given intranasally as compared with when given either systemically or after viral inoculation, and that lowering brain titers is a critical determinant of survival and organ protection.
Modular wireless inertial trackers for biomedical applications (2013)

In the past few years, semiconductor based wireless positioning and tracking devices have successfully integrated into consumer electronics devices. The sensors track the movement and the orientation of the device to provide a positioning feedback to the program. However, the accuracy of these trackers is typically not acceptable for biomedical application which demands high accuracy. Previous study was performed to access the feasibility of using semiconductor based inertial measurement units (IMU) for human motion tracking. After evaluating the strength and weakness in the previous IMU modules, several modifications and improvement were made. A modular IMU was designed with high resolution ADC. A statistical based approach for orientation tracking is currently being developed and preliminary data were presented and compared with other tracking algorithms.
Performance of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes grown using NH3with oxygen-containing impurities (2014)

The performance of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated using NH3 was varied by intentionally adding H2O, O2, or CO. The oxygen concentration in the active layer varied with the type of impurity, which was related to the binding energy of the impurity. When a small amount of oxygen was incorporated in the InGaN active layer without Si doping through an oxygen-containing impurity, the light output power of the LED was improved. On the other hand, the light output power of the LED gradually deteriorated with increasing oxygen concentration. The oxygen-containing impurities affected the light output power of the LEDs. When NH3 with any oxygen-containing impurities was purified using a purification system giving a guaranteed impurity concentration of less than 10 ppb, the light output power of the LED was recovered to that of the LED fabricated with pure NH3.
Superconductivity of compressed solid argon from first principles (2015)

We present first-principles calculations on the superconductivity of solid argon under high pressure. Solid argon is found to take the double hexagonal close-packed structure in pressure range from 420 to 690 GPa, where an insulator-to-metal transition occurs at around 590 GPa. The crystal structure transforms into the hexagonal close-packed structure at 690 GPa and into the face-centered cubic structure at 2300 GPa. The superconducting critical temperature is gradually increased with the successive phase transitions and reaches the maximum value of 12 K at 2600 GPa due to the enhancement of the Fermi surface nesting.
Effect of degree-preserving, assortative rewiring on OSPF router configuration (2013)

We study the impact of degree-preserving rewiring on the routing table configuration in an OSPF network. Degree-preserving rewiring may be applied to optimize specific network characteristics, such as assortativity. Rewiring has significant impact on IP router tables. This manifests itself through the number of nodes that are affected by the rewiring and the average number of routing table entries that are modified per affected node. Networks with high link density are generally less impacted. Through the use of Software Defined Networks (SDN), a number of rewiring steps can be aggregated, leading to fewer routing table updates in total. For aggregation of 15 - 20 rewiring steps, depending on network class and characteristics, almost all nodes in the network are affected.
Probing the upper band gap of atomic rhenium disulfide layers (2018)

Here, we investigate the ultrafast carrier dynamics and electronic states of exfoliated ReS<sub>2</sub> films using time-resolved second harmonic generation (TSHG) microscopy and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of layers with various thicknesses is probed using a 1.19-eV beam. Up to ~13 nm, a gradual increment is observed, followed by a decrease caused by bulk interferometric light absorption. The addition of a pump pulse tuned to the exciton band gap (1.57 eV) creates a decay-to-rise TSHG profile as a function of the probe delay. The power and thickness dependencies indicate that the electron-hole recombination is mediated by defects and surfaces. The two photon absorptions of 2.38 eV in the excited state that are induced by pumping from 1.57 to 1.72 eV are restricted because these transitions highly correlate with the forbidden <i>d</i>-<i>d</i> intrasubshell orbital transitions. However, the combined usage of a frequency-doubled pump (2.38 eV) with wavelength-variant SHG probes (2.60-2.82 eV) allows us to vividly monitor the variations in TSHG profiles from decay-to-rise to rise-to-decay, which imply the existence of an additional electron absorption state (<i>s</i>-orbital) at an approximate distance of 5.05 eV from the highest occupied molecular orbital states. This observation was critically examined by considering the allowance of each electronic transition and a small upper band gap (~0.5 eV) using modified DFT calculations.
Roles of p53 and Caspases in Induction of Apoptosis in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells Treated with a Methanolic Extract of Nigella Sativa Seeds (2014)

NS induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells through both the p53 and caspase pathways. NS could potentially represent an alternative source of medicine for breast cancer therapy.
SLO blind data set inversion and classification using physically complete models (2010)

Discrimination studies carried out on TEMTADS and Metal Mapper blind data sets collected at the San Luis Obispo UXO site are presented. The data sets included four types of targets of interest: 2.36" rockets, 60-mm mortar shells, 81-mm projectiles, and 4.2" mortar items. The total parameterized normalized magnetic source (NSMS) amplitudes were used to discriminate TOI from metallic clutter and among the different hazardous UXO. First, in object's frame coordinate, the total NSMS were determined for each TOI along three orthogonal axes from the training data provided by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP) along with the referred blind data sets. Then the inverted total NSMS were used to extract the time-decay classification features. Once our inversion and classification algorithms were tested on the calibration data sets then we applied the same procedure to all blind data sets. The combined NSMS and differential evolution algorithm is utilized for determine the NSMS strengths for each cell. The obtained total NSMS time-decay curves were used to extract the discrimination features and perform classification using the training data as reference. In addition, for cross validation, the inverted locations and orientations from NSMS-DE algorithm were compared against the inverted data that obtained via the magnetic field, vector and scalar potentials (HAP) method and the combined dipole and Gauss-Newton approach technique. We examined the entire time decay history of the total NSMS case-by-case for classification purposes. Also, we use different multi-class statistical classification algorithms for separating the dangerous objects from non hazardous items. The inverted targets were ranked by target ID and submitted to SERDP for independent scoring. The independent scoring results are presented.
The Use of Surgical Simulators to Reduce Errors (2005)

The training of a surgeon includes the acquisition of a number of characteristics. These include a cognitive knowledge base, problem formulation and decisionmaking abilities, appropriate psychosocial relationships, and other attributes that can be measured with objective testing, such as national board or specialty certifying examinations. Perhaps most critical to the surgeon, however, are the core technical skills of the profession. A battery of sophisticated devices is being created to teach and provide objective evaluations of the trainee’s technical abilities. These innovative state-of-the-art simulation devices, used to teach basic skills and surgical tasks through repetitive proctored challenges, will enable detection and analysis of surgical errors and near miss incidents without risk to patients. As with flight simulation, near miss detection capabilities anticipate potential errors before they occur and prevent resulting complications. In collaboration with a number of otolaryngology residency programs, we have developed a comprehensive training curriculum, based on complementary