gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early prediction of clinical outcomes in resected stage II and III colorectal cancer (CRC) through deep sequencing of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). (2017)

3591 Background: Adjuvant chemotherapy is offered to most pts with Stage III CRC, and to a subset with Stage II disease deemed at high-risk for recurrence. Nevertheless, risk stratification strategies remain suboptimal. Detection of minimal residual disease (MRD) through ctDNA analysis has been shown to identify pts at high recurrence risk in Stage II CRC, but not Stage III disease. Methods: The next-generation sequencing based AVENIO ctDNA Surveillance Kit (Research Use Only) was used to identify single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in tumor tissue within a cohort of 145 Stage II and III CRC pts following R0 surgical resection (n = 86 and 59 respectively; median follow-up = 32.1 mo). The same assay was used to monitor ctDNA with a single post-operative blood sample (mean surgery-to-phlebotomy time: 10 days). Regions from 197 genes recurrently mutated in CRC were interrogated, and pts were classified as ctDNA positive (+) or negative (-) in plasma based on the detection of SNVs previously identified in tumor tissue. Results: Variants were identified in 99% of tumors (n = 144) with a median of 4 SNVs/sample (range 1-24) and all post-operative plasma samples were successfully profiled. Pts with detectable ctDNA (n = 12) displayed a significantly shorter 2-year relapse-free survival (RFS; 17% vs 88%; HR 10.3; 95% CI 2.3-46.9; p &lt; 0.00001), time to recurrence (TTR; HR 20.6; 95% CI 3.1-139.0; p &lt; 0.00001) and overall survival (OS; HR 3.4; 95% CI 0.5-25.8; p = 0.041) than ctDNA- pts (n = 132). 11 (92%) of ctDNA+ pts developed recurrence compared to 9 (7%) of ctDNA- pts. Monitoring multiple variants doubled sensitivity of MRD detection compared to tracking a single driver mutation. TTR was shorter in ctDNA+ vs ctDNA- Stage II (HR 23.1, 95% CI 0.28-1900.4; p &lt; 0.00001) and stage III pts (HR 17.9; 95% CI 2.7-117.3, p &lt; 0.00001). TTR of Stage II and III ctDNA- pts was similar (p = 0.7). Conclusions: Our results indicate that ctDNA analysis can detect MRD within days after complete resection of CRC and accurately identifies pts at high risk of recurrence in both Stage II and III CRC. MRD detection via ctDNA sequencing may allow personalization of adjuvant treatment strategies.
Evanescent microwave probes using coplanar waveguide and stripline for super-resolution imaging of materials (2003)

An evanescent field microwave imaging probe based on half-wavelength, microwave transmission line resonators is described. Optimization of the probe tip design, the coupling gap, and the data analysis has resulted in images of metal lines on semiconductor substrates with 2.6 /spl mu/m spatial resolution and a minimum detectable line width of 0.4 /spl mu/m at 1 GHz.
Effects of gate-to-body tunneling current on PD/SOI CMOS SRAM (2002)

The gate tunneling current for gate oxide thickness around 2.0 nm or below has been known to increase device leakage and power dissipation, and deteriorate device performance and circuit stability in bulk CMOS. Recently, direct tunneling current models for bulk CMOS circuit simulations have been developed (Choi et al., 1999; Lee and Hu, 2000). The gate-to-substrate tunneling current resulting from the electron tunneling from the valence band (EVB) is significantly less than the tunneling current from the channel into the gate, and its effect can usually be neglected in bulk CMOS devices and circuits. For floating-body partially-depleted (PD) SOI devices, however, the gate-to-body tunneling current charges/discharges the floating-body, thus changing the body voltage and V/sub T/ and affecting circuit operation (Fung et al., 2000). In this paper, we present a detailed study of the effect of gate tunneling current on a high performance 34 Kb L1 directory SRAM in a 1.5 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m PD/SOI technology with L/sub eff/=0.08 /spl mu/m and t/sub ox/=2.3 /spl mu/m. This SRAM was originally designed in a 1.5 V, 0.18 /spl mu/m bulk CMOS technology and has achieved 2.0 GHz cycle time and 430 ps access time (Joshi et al., 2000). It utilizes pseudo-static circuits for robust timing and to facilitate migration to PD/SOI technology.
QoE Control of Network Using Collective Intelligence of SNS in Large-Scale Disasters (2016)

When the Great East Japan Earthquake occurred in 2011, it was difficult to immediately determine all telecommunications network conditions using only information from network monitoring devices because the damage was considerably heavy and a severe congestion control state occurred, Moreover, at the time of the earthquake, telephone and e-mail services could not be used in many cases, although social networking services (SNSs) were still available, In an emergency, such as an earthquake, users proactively convey information on telecommunications network conditions through SNSs, Therefore, the collective intelligence of SNSs is suitable as a means of information detection complementary to conventional observation through network monitoring devices, In this paper, we propose a network-failure-detection system that detects telephony failures with a high degree of accuracy by using the collective intelligence of Twitter, one of the most widely used SNSs, We also show that network control can be performed automatically and autonomically using information on telecommunications network conditions retrieved with our system, We developed a network-control system on a deeply programmable network (DPN) environment and implemented it on a wide-area network testbed.
Novel Cell Imaging Techniques Show Induction of Apoptosis and Proliferation in Mesothelial Cells by Asbestos (1997)

We developed in situ dual-fluorescence detection techniques for measuring apoptosis and proliferation simultaneously in single dishes of cells. The deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)-specific labeling method, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling (TUNEL), first was used in conjunction with a 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) counterstain to detect and measure morphologic characteristics of apoptotic rat pleural mesothelial (RPM) cells isolated from Fischer 344 rats and exposed to 300 microM hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). For this purpose, 100 TUNEL-positive nuclei were measured while being viewed with DAPI counterstaining for area, perimeter, longest diameter, and average diameter, using imaging software and an image-collection apparatus. We then exposed cells to a range of concentrations of crocidolite asbestos and putative apoptotic and mitogenic agents. Exposure to crocidolite asbestos (5 microg/cm2) caused a striking dose-dependent apoptotic response at 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. The nonfibrous crocidolite analogue riebeckite failed to induce apoptosis. At 24 h, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) (10 ng/ml) caused an increase in apoptotic nuclei. A second method, utilizing an antibody to 5'-bromodeoxyridine (BrdU) and oxazole yellow homodimer (YOYO), showed a dose-dependent increase in proliferation occurring in cells exposed to asbestos (5 microg/cm2) at 48 h and 72 h. In addition, increased numbers of rat pleural mesothelial (RPM) cells exposed to 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), TNF-alpha, and epidermal growth factor (EGF) exhibited incorporation of BrdU at these time points, although total numbers of cells per unit area were unchanged. Results indicate a dynamic balance between apoptosis and increased DNA synthesis after exposure of mesothelial cells to asbestos.
A Portable robot audition software system for multiple simultaneous speech signals (2008)

Since a robot is deployed in various kinds of environments, the robot audition system should work with minimum prior information on environments to localize, separate and recognize utterances by multiple simultaneous talkers. For example, it should not assume either the number of speakers, the location of speakers for sound source separation (SSS), or specially tuned acoustic model for automatic speech recognition (ASR). We developed a portable robot audition that uses eight microphones installed on the surface of robot's body such as Honda ASIMO, and SIG-2 and Robovie-R2 at Kyoto University with different microphone configurations. The system integrates SSS and ASR by using the Missing-Feature Theory. For SSS, we use Geometric Source Separation (GSS) [Parra 2002] and multichannel post-filter [Cohen 2002] to separate each utterance. Since separated speech signals are distorted due to interfering talkers and sound source separation, multichannel post-filter enhanced speech signals. At this process, we create a missing feature mask that specifies which acoustic features are reliable in time-frequency domain. Multiband Julius [Nishimura 2004], a missing-feature-theory based ASR, uses this mask to avoid the influence of unreliable features in recognizing such distorted speech signals. The system demonstrated a waitress that accepts meal orders placed by three actual human talkers and a voice "Rock-Scissors-Paper" game referee that decides who wins the game.
Effectiveness and Kinetics of Ferrate as a Disinfectant for Ballast Water (2006)

The introduction of aquatic nuisance species (ANS) and bacterial pathogens from discharge of ballast water by sea-faring vessels is an ongoing problem that threatens ecosystems and human health.This study investigates the disinfecting capability of ferrate in a marine environment on several organisms listed in international standards for ballast water management.Organisms were grown in a saline solution and were treated with dosages of ferrate ranging from 0.25-5.0mg/l.A ferrate dose of 5 mg/l resulted in almost complete kill for all organisms tested.Smaller dosages have also been very effective, particularly if all organic material from the nutrient broth used to cultivate them is removed by washing the cells with saline solution.Ferrate appears to act very quickly, with tailing occurring after about 5-15 minutes.Analyses of the data with the CT approach, the Chick-Watson and Hom's models, and an oxidant demand equation derived from equations recommended by the Water Environment Federation (WEF) are in good agreement that ferrate concentration is more important than contact time.The Hom's model appeared to most accurately represent the action of ferrate on these organisms.Salinity and pH did not adversely affect results, and regrowth was not a problem.Two measures to reduce clumping did not eliminate the observed tailing effect, suggesting a different mechanism for this phenomena.These preliminary tests indicate that ferrate could be a very effective disinfectant in the treatment of ballast water, and the short half-life of ferrate is an advantage, since the ballast water is subsequently released into the environment.
Studies of Tin Alloy Electrode Materials Prepared by Mechanical Alloying (2014)

In this paper, we report on the preparation of nanocrystalline/amorphous composite structured tin alloys prepared by mechanical milling (mechanical alloying) and their application as anode materials of lithium-ion batteries. The Sn-Co alloys were prepared by mechanical alloying method. The charge-discharge cycle life of the cell with tin alloy anode was prolonged when the crystallite size of the alloy decreased. Adding elements to nanocrystallize or amorphize tin alloy have been evaluated. Alloying elements such as Co, Cu, Ni, Ti, Zr, Nb, and La were effective for nanocrystallization or amorphization of tin alloy. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that a lithium ion battery with the nanocrystalline/amorphous compositetin alloy anode had a nice performance at high rate discharge.
Clinical application of the smallI‐Locinterlocking nail in 30 feline fractures: A prospective study (2021)

The I-Loc may be advantageous for fixation of epimetaphyseal fractures. Because of feline bone specific dimensional constraints, I-Loc 3 is likely appropriate for all feline humeri and most tibiae, while I-Loc 4 is well sized for feline femora.
Execution time optimisation using delayed multidimensional retiming (2015)

Multidimensional retiming (MR) is a software pipelining approach that ensures increasing the instruction-level parallelism across all the nested loops. All the MR techniques aim at achieving a full parallelism in order to schedule applications with a minimal cycle period. However, the growth of code sizes in terms of parallelism level engenders the rise in cycle period numbers. Thus, fully parallel multidimensional applications frequently face limiting factors when implemented on real-time systems. This paper presents a novel technique, called delayed MR, which schedules nested loops with a minimal cycle period, without achieving full parallelism. It is formulated into two efficient steps whose first one sweeps the nested loops with the target of selecting and ordering paths, whereas the second one applies an optimal MR to the selected paths. Our technique is verified by implementing several nested loops in NVIDIA architectures. The experimental results show that our technique achieves average improvements on execution time of 32.8% compared to the incremental technique and 19.35% compared to the chained one.
Test reuse in the spreadsheet paradigm (2003)

Spreadsheet languages are widely used by a variety of end users to perform many important tasks. Despite their perceived simplicity, spreadsheets often contain faults. Furthermore, users modify their spreadsheets frequently, which can render previously correct spreadsheets faulty. To address this problem, we previously introduced a visual approach by which users can systematically test their spreadsheets, see where new tests are required after changes, and request automated generation of potentially useful test inputs. To date, however, this approach has not taken advantage of previously developed test cases, which means that users of the approach cannot benefit, when re-testing following changes, from prior testing efforts. We have therefore been investigating ways to add support for test re-use into our spreadsheet testing methodology. In this paper we present a test re-use strategy for spreadsheets, and the algorithms that implement it, and describe their integration into our spreadsheet testing methodology. We report results of a case study examining the application of this strategy.
Combined coding and spreading in CDMA systems using maximum free distance convolutional codes (2002)

In CDMA systems maximum theoretical performance can be obtained by spreading with low-rate error control codes. Previously, orthogonal and superorthogonal codes have been proposed for this purpose. We present a family of rate-compatible low-rate convolutional codes with maximum free distance. The performance of these codes for spectrum spreading in a CDMA system is evaluated and shown to outperform that of orthogonal and superorthogonal codes as well as conventional coding/spreading schemes. We also show that our low-rate codes will give simple encoder and decoder implementation. With these codes any 1/n rate can be obtained regardless of the constraint length, resulting in a more flexible and powerful scheme than those proposed up to now.
Auger-generated hot carrier current in photo-excited forward biased single quantum well blue light emitting diodes (2018)

We report on measurements of the photo-modulated current-voltage and electroluminescence characteristics of forward biased single quantum well, blue InGaN/GaN light emitting diodes with and without electron blocking layers. Low intensity resonant optical excitation of the quantum well was observed to induce an additional forward current at constant forward diode bias, in contrast to the usual sense of the photocurrent in photodiodes and solar cells, as well as an increased electroluminescence intensity. The presence of an electron blocking layer only slightly decreased the magnitude of the photo-induced current at constant forward bias. Photo-modulation at constant forward diode current resulted in a reduced diode bias under optical excitation. We argue that this decrease in diode bias at constant current and the increase in forward diode current at constant applied bias can only be due to additional hot carriers being ejected from the quantum well as a result of an increased Auger recombination rate within the quantum well.
Tackling the Methane Quandary: Curbing Emissions from Control Valves (2021)

Abstract In the wake of Eni's strategy to curb fugitive emissions - in particular methane – an innovative control valve (Clarke Shutter Valve) has been deployed and tested in an Italian Eni facility. This shutter type valve is capable of reducing the fugitive emissions by more than 90%, as well as greatly curbing purchase costs, thanks to an innovative design in bonnet and regulating mechanism. In order to assess the real potentiality of the innovation, four Fisher globe valves and one Fisher V-ball were substituted with the Shutter Valves on different hydrocarbon streams of the Trecate facility (Piedmont), in particular on streams containing oil, gas and corrosive fluids. The valves were monitored for more than a year and fugitive emissions tests have been performed to detect and estimate methane leak rates. Since this represented a first deployment of this technology in Europe, a thorough analysis and technology validation of the valves has been performed. A successful installation and start-up were performed in 3 days by Eni's staff at in February of 2020. The valves were fully operational after the installation and to date no issues have been reported. In order to monitor the valves performances of flow control, continuous data collection on each valve has been implemented, and the analysis performed showed that all valves behave correctly as to Eni's standards. A fugitive emission test that has been performed at the end of 2020 with a certified portable FID/PID analyzer displayed that no methane emissions were detected from the valves. Lastly the one year and half long technology validation concluded that the Shutter Valves are a valid technology for curbing methane emissions from the Oil and Gas plants, and that suggested to qualify the company as Eni partner for control valves. This deployment and field tests, as well as the technological assessment performed by Eni's professionals showed the potentiality of this new type of valves in reducing the methane emissions from the petroleum industry. Understanding the potentiality of intrinsically carbon neutral technology is a crucial step for the mitigation of greenhouse gases emissions and towards the creation of a more environmentally friendly industry.
Adjusting the water-sensitivity of sugar/boronate-based organogels (2022)

During the investigation of the water-sensitivity of (arylboronate alkylglucoside)-based organogels, we evaluated a series of twelve potential organogelators. They were synthesised in a single step from the corresponding arylboronic acids and alkylglucosides. Eight of them showed organogelation abilities in three solvents (toluene, cyclohexane, and ethyl myristate). Conformational minimisations of the potential organogelators permitted a clear relationship between the arylboronate orientation and the gelation effectiveness to be established. These gels were characterised by rheometry and SEM which revealed a gel-state originating from the self-assembly of the organogelators into long entangled fibres. SAXS confirmed the mode of packing in a hexagonal phase. Gels in toluene were found to be water-sensitive both after addition of a small amount of water and immersion into water. This study demonstrated that the main parameter impacting the water-sensitivity was the length of the alkyl chain at the anomeric position of the glucoside unit, much more than the functionalisation of an arylboronate moiety.
Hybrid LU factorization on multi-GPU multi-core heterogeneous platforms (2012)

DESCRIPTIONLU factorization is an important step in solving systems of linear equations. It is the most computationally intensive step compared to the subsequent backward substitution. Hence, to solve a linear system fast requires performing LU factorization fast. Accelerator-based approach for linear algebra has been steadily gaining attention over recent years. GPUs appear to be the most prominent in many respects and nowadays are widely used accelerators. They are one of the fastest hardware for math operations on large data sets which feature high data parallelism. In this work, we designed and implemented a hybrid LU factorization on a multi-core and multi-GPU heterogeneous platform.
Targeted Desialylation Overcomes Glyco-Immune Checkpoints and Potentiates the Anticancer Immune Response in Vivo (2019)

Currently approved immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapies targeting the PD-1 and CTLA-4 receptor pathways are powerful treatment options for certain cancers; however, the majority of patients across cancer types still fail to respond. Addressing alternative pathways that mediate immune suppression could enhance ICI efficacy. One such mechanism is the increase in sialic acid-containing proteins and lipids (sialoglycans) in malignancy, which recently has been shown to inhibit immune cell activation through multiple mechanisms including Siglec receptor binding, and therefore represents a targetable glyco-immune checkpoint. Here, we report the design of a trastuzumab- sialidase conjugate that potently and selectively strips diverse sialoglycans from breast cancer cells in vivo. In a syngeneic orthotopic HER2+ breast cancer model, targeted desialylation delayed tumor growth and enhanced immune cell infiltration and activation, leading to prolonged survival of mice with trastuzumab-resistant breast cancer. Thus, antibody-sialidase conjugates represent a promising modality for cancer immune therapy.
Aging-Aware Workload Management on Embedded GPU Under Process Variation (2018)

Graphics Processing Units (GPUs) have been employed in embedded systems to handle increased amounts of computation and to satisfy the timing requirement. Due to the small feature size, chip aging and within-die parameter variations have been considered to be among the challenging problems for state-of-the-art processors, including GPUs. In order to deal with the process variation, several processors use chip-level guardbanding, which uses the lowest operating frequency that results in a significant chip-level performance drop. Other processors improve their performance efficiency through core-level guardbanding that may use a different operating frequency for each core. Existing aging management techniques are based on the chip-level guardbanding, which assigns the same number of instructions to the cores that have the same aging status. However, in the presence of the process variation, existing aging management techniques have a limitation in minimizing the aging effect because each core has a different amount of stress for the same number of instructions. In order to tackle this problem, we propose a low-overhead aging and process variation aware workload management technique for embedded GPUs. The proposed technique considers the process variation and the current aging status together, and assigns a different number of instructions to clusters to minimize the aging effect in the presence of process variation. Results show that our technique improves the GPU aging in over 95 percent of cases whereas the state-of-the-art compiler-based technique improves the GPU aging in 72.25 percent of cases. Moreover, compared to the compiler-based technique, our technique reduces the performance overhead by 40 percent while achieving almost the same GPU aging improvement.