gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma-Mirror-Cleaned High-Contrast Few-Cycle Relativistic-Intensity Light Pulses (2010)

A plasma mirror is shown to enhance the intensity contrast of 8fs multiterawatt light pulses by 2.5 orders of magnitude, while keeping the pulse duration unchanged. High reflectivity and improved near-field beam quality are demonstrated. © 2010 Optical Society of America.
Combined immune checkpoint blockade increases CD8+CD28+PD-1+ effector T cells and provides a therapeutic strategy for patients with neuroblastoma (2021)

Immune checkpoint therapy has resulted in minimal clinical response in many pediatric cancers. We sought to understand the influence of immune checkpoint inhibition using anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies individually, in combination, and after chemotherapy on immune responses in minimal and established murine neuroblastoma models. We also sought to understand the role of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and PD-L1 expression and their alteration post-chemotherapy in our models and human tissues. PD-L1 expression was enriched in human tumor-associated macrophages and up-regulated after chemotherapy. In a murine minimal disease model, single and dual immune checkpoint blockade promoted tumor rejection, improved survival, and established immune memory with long-term anti-tumor immunity against re-challenge. In an established tumor model, only dual immune checkpoint blockade showed efficacy. Interestingly, dual immune checkpoint therapy distinctly influenced adaptive and innate immune responses, with significant increase in CD8<sup>+</sup>CD28<sup>+</sup>PD-1<sup>+</sup> T cells and inflammatory macrophages (CD11b<sup>hi</sup>CD11c<sup>-</sup>F4/80<sup>+</sup>Ly6C<sup>hi</sup>) in tumor-draining lymph nodes. Adding chemotherapy before immunotherapy provided significant survival benefit for mice with established tumors receiving anti-PD-1 or dual immune checkpoint blockade. Our findings demonstrate anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 therapy induces a novel subset of effector T cells, and support administration of induction chemotherapy immediately prior to immune checkpoint blockade in children with high-risk neuroblastoma.
Enantioselective Sulfa‐Michael Addition to α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Oxoesters Catalyzed by a Metal‐Templated Chiral Brønsted Base (2015)

Abstract The enantioselective addition of aromatic thiols to α,β‐unsaturated γ‐oxoesters bearing an imidazole substituent in the δ position and catalyzed by an inert octahedral bis‐cyclometalated iridium(III) complex is reported. High enantioselectivity down to catalyst loadings of 0.05 mol % is achieved mediated by the formation of well‐arranged hydrogen bonds within the ligand sphere of the catalyst after the initial proton transfer. This work highlights the manifold opportunities provided by this metal‐templated design strategy in which the metal exerts a purely structural role whereas catalysis occurs through the organic ligand sphere (metal‐templated organocatalysis).
Silicon technologies and circuits for RF and mm-wave applications (2014)

The presentation will start with an overview of the features and capabilities of state-of-the-art SiGe-BiCMOS and RF-amplifier technologies for applications such as high-data-rate communications, phased-arrays and pro-active safety systems like identification and e-safety. The capabilities offered by SiGe-BiCMOS and microwave packaging enable the integration of complete multichannel transceivers on a chip or in a package even including the antennas. The criteria and trade-off's for the technology selection and system partitioning will be discussed in part two of the presentation. In addition to the electrical components performance, major criteria such as high reliability, long lifetime and high yield fabrication will be addressed. Advanced packaging technologies will be presented as well, including embedded passive components and package co-design. Finally existing circuit design examples and future solutions for pro-active safety systems will be presented, followed by power-amlifiers and high-speed transceivers for communications and point-to-point links.
Dynamic Cybersecurity Training Environments for an Evolving Cyber Workforce. (2018)

Abstract not provided.
Cover Picture: One‐Pot Conversion of Sugar and Sugar Polyols to n‐Alkanes without CC Dissociation over the Ir‐ReOx/SiO2 Catalyst Combined with H‐ZSM‐5 (ChemSusChem 4/2013) (2013)

The cover image highlights the research carried out by the group of Keiichi Tomishige at Tohoku University in Japan, which is reported on page 613 ff. The image shows that the Ir-ReOx/SiO2 catalyst can be used to selectively cut off OH groups of biomass-derived compounds, such as sugar polyols, through hydrogenolysis just like the skin of pineapple can be cut off with a knife. Thus, n-hexane and n-pentane can be obtained from aqueous polyalcohol (sorbitol and xylitol) solutions at high yields in the presence of n-dodecane as co-solvent. The direct production of n-hexane from glucose or cellobiose can be achieved by using the same system. The catalyst can be reused simply by the removal of the n-dodecane phase, which contains the product alkane, and the addition of fresh n-dodecane and substrate.
Dopamine transporter and synaptic vesicle sorting defects initiate auxilin-linked Parkinson’s disease (2022)

SUMMARY Auxilin participates in the uncoating of clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), thereby facilitating synaptic vesicle (SV) regeneration at presynaptic sites. Auxilin ( DNAJC6 / PARK19 ) loss-of- function mutations cause early-onset Parkinson’s disease (PD). Here, we utilized auxilin-knockout (KO) mice to elucidate the mechanisms through which auxilin deficiency and clathrin-uncoating deficits lead to PD. We demonstrate that auxilin KO mice display the cardinal features of PD, including progressive motor deficits, α-synuclein pathology, nigral dopaminergic loss, and neuroinflammation. Through unbiased proteomic and neurochemical analyses, we demonstrate that dopamine homeostasis is disrupted in auxilin KO brains, including via slower dopamine reuptake kinetics in vivo , an effect associated with dopamine transporter misrouting into axonal membrane deformities in the dorsal striatum. We also show that elevated macroautophagy and defective SV protein sorting contribute to ineffective dopamine sequestration and homeostasis, ultimately leading to neurodegeneration. This study advances our knowledge of how presynaptic endocytosis deficits lead to dopaminergic vulnerability and pathogenesis of PD.
Simulating human sleep spindle MEG and EEG from ion channel and circuit level dynamics (2017)

Abstract Background Although they form a unitary phenomenon, the relationship between extracranial M/EEG and transmembrane ion flows is understood only as a general principle rather than as a well-articulated and quantified causal chain. Method We present an integrated multiscale model, consisting of a neural simulation of thalamus and cortex during stage N2 sleep and a biophysical model projecting cortical current densities to M/EEG fields. Sleep spindles were generated through the interactions of local and distant network connections and intrinsic currents within thalamocortical circuits. 32,652 cortical neurons were mapped onto the cortical surface reconstructed from subjects’ MRI, interconnected based on geodesic distances, and scaled-up to current dipole densities based on laminar recordings in humans. MRIs were used to generate a quasi-static electromagnetic model enabling simulated cortical activity to be projected to the M/EEG sensors. Results The simulated M/EEG spindles were similar in amplitude and topography to empirical examples in the same subjects. Simulated spindles with more core-dominant activity were more MEG weighted. Comparison with Existing Methods Previous models lacked either spindle-generating thalamic neural dynamics or whole head biophysical modeling; the framework presented here is the first to simultaneously capture these disparate scales simultaneously. Conclusions This multiscale model provides a platform for the principled quantitative integration of existing information relevant to the generation of sleep spindles, and allows the implications of future findings to be explored. It provides a proof of principle for a methodological framework allowing large-scale integrative brain oscillations to be understood in terms of their underlying channels and synapses.
Preface (2011)

The next-generation wireless broadband technology is changing the way we work, live, learn, and communicate through effective use of state-of-the-art mobile broadband technology. The packet-data-based revolution started around 2000 with the introduction of 1x Evolved Data Only (1xEV-DO) and 1x Evolved Data Voice (1xEV-DV) in 3GPP2 and High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) in 3GPP. The wireless broadband fourth-generation technology (4G) is an evolution of the packet-based 3G system and provides a comprehensive evolution of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System specifications so as to remain competitive with other broadband systems such as 802.16e (WiMAX). Specification work was started in late 2004 on Long Term Evolution (LTE) of the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access and Radio Access Network intended for commercial deployment in 2010. Two main components constitute the LTE system architecture — the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and the Evolved Packet Core (EPC).
Electrochemical Study of the Gold Thiosulfate Reduction (1997)

The electrochemical reduction of gold thiosulfate has been studied and compared to the reduction of gold cyanide. Gold thiosulfate is a potential replacement for gold cyanide in electro and electroless plating baths. Gold thiosulfate has a more positive reduction potential than gold cyanide and eliminates the use of cyanide. The standard heterogeneous rate constant, transfer coefficient, and diffusion coefficient for gold thiosulfate reduction were found to be , 0.23 and , respectively. The effect of sulfite as an additive to gold thiosulfate solutions was examined.
Cocrystals of Quercetin with Improved Solubility and Oral Bioavailability (2011)

Flavonoids have been studied extensively due to the observation that diets rich in these compounds are associated with lower incidences of many diseases. One of the most studied flavonoids, quercetin, is also the most abundant of these compounds in the plant kingdom. Numerous therapeutic bioactivities have been identified in vitro. However, its in vivo efficacy in pure form is limited by poor bioavailability, primarily due to its low solubility and consequent low absorption in the gut. Cocrystallization has gained attention recently as a means for improving the physicochemical characteristics of a compound. Here, we synthesized and evaluated four new cocrystals of quercetin (QUE): quercetin:caffeine (QUECAF), quercetin:caffeine:methanol (QUECAF·MeOH), quercetin:isonicotinamide (QUEINM), and quercetin:theobromine dihydrate (QUETBR · 2H(2)O). Each of these cocrystals exhibited pharmacokinetic properties that are vastly superior to those of quercetin alone. Cocrystallization was able to overcome the water insolubility of quercetin, with all four cocrystals exhibiting some degree of solubility. The QUECAF and QUECAF·MeOH cocrystals increased the solubility of QUE by 14- and 8-fold when compared to QUE dihydrate. We hypothesized that this improved solubility would translate into enhanced systemic absorption of QUE. This hypothesis was supported in our pharmacokinetic study. The cocrystals outperformed QUE dihydrate with increases in bioavailability up to nearly 10-fold.
A viral insulin-like peptide is a natural competitive antagonist of the human IGF-1 receptor (2021)

The results reveal novel aspects in ligand-receptor interactions at the IGF-1 receptor and identify a set of antagonists of potential medicinal importance.
Figure S1 from <i>S</i>-nitrosylation of the Mitochondrial Chaperone TRAP1 Sensitizes Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells to Inhibitors of Succinate Dehydrogenase (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Characterization of mitochondrial physiology in GSNOR-downregulating systems.&lt;/p&gt;
Calmodulin Binds to the Basolateral Targeting Signal of the Polymeric Immunoglobulin Receptor (1996)

We have identified a major calmodulin (CaM)-binding protein in rat liver endosomes using 125I-CaM overlays from two-dimensional protein blots. Immunostaining of blots demonstrates that this protein is the polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR). We further investigated the interaction between pIgR and CaM using Madin-Darby canine kidney cells stably expressing cloned wild-type and mutant pIgR. We found that detergent-solubilized pIgR binds to CaM-agarose in a Ca(2+)-dependent fashion, and binding is inhibited by the addition of excess free CaM or the CaM antagonist W-13 (N-(4-aminobutyl)-5-chloro-2-naphthalenesulfonamide), suggesting that pIgR binding to CaM is specific. Furthermore, pIgR is the most prominent 35S-labeled CaM-binding protein in the detergent phase of Triton X-114-solubilized, metabolically labeled pIgR-expressing Madin-Darby canine kidney cells. CaM can be chemically cross-linked to both solubilized and membrane-associated pIgR, suggesting that binding can occur while the pIgR is in intact membranes. The CaM binding site is located in the membrane-proximal 17-amino acid segment of the pIgR cytoplasmic tail. This region of pIgR constitutes an autonomous basolateral targeting signal. However, binding of CaM to various pIgR mutants suggests that CaM binding is not necessary for basolateral targeting. We suggest that CaM may be involved in regulation of pIgR transcytosis and/or signaling by pIgR.
5G Evolution and Beyond (2019)

This paper provides an overview of the evolution of the 5G NR radio-access technology, starting with 3GPP release 16 but also including potential further evolution steps. It also provides a discussion about the use of AI and machine learning as important components of the future evolution of wireless communication.
Ipso‐ or Cine‐Substitutions of 6‐Haloimidazo[1,2‐a]pyridine Derivatives with Different Azoles Depending on the Reaction Conditions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Direct assessment of relaxation and defect propagation in different thin single Ge/Si and step-graded Si/sub 1-x//Si buffer layers for RF and microwave applications (2002)

We have used the direct and strain sensitive double crystal and multi-crystal high resolution x-ray diffraction to perform double crystal rocking curves (DC-HRRC) and triple axis high resolution 2-D reciprocal space mapping (2D-RSIM) respectively, as the main tool to assess the relaxation and defect propagation in Ge and Si/sub 1-x/ relaxed buffers layers grown on Si [001] substrates. The present study represents one of the first studies regarding the direct extraction and assessment of relaxation parameters and defect propagation in relaxed buffer layers having top pure Ge fully relaxed layer. This technique allows the direct and accurate determination of the mismatches of the lattice parameters parallel and perpendicular to growth directions with an accuracy of 10/sup -5/. The investigated heterostructures include Ge/Si single epitaxial relaxed buffer layer (SE-RBL) and step graded multi layer Si/sub 1-x//Si relaxed buffer layer (SG-RBL) with Ge fractions of x=0.15, 0.44 and final pure Ge top layer. Moreover, the effect of post processing annealing is investigated for different temperature time cycles for some of these structures. The unique thin total grown thickness (maximum of 6 /spl mu/m) actually enables the use of the high resolution X-ray diffraction.
Elevated Nuclear and Cytoplasmic FTY720-Phosphate in Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts Suggests the Potential for Multiple Mechanisms in FTY720-Induced Neural Tube Defects (2015)

FTY720 (fingolimod) is a U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drug to treat relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. FTY720 treatment in pregnant inbred LM/Bc mice results in approximately 60% of embryos having a neural tube defect (NTD). Sphingosine kinases (Sphk1, Sphk2) phosphorylate FTY720 in vivo to form the bioactive metabolite FTY720-1-phosphate (FTY720-P). Cytoplasmic FTY720-P is an agonist for 4 of the 5 sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptors (S1P1, 3-5) and can also act as a functional antagonist of S1P1, whereas FTY720-P generated in the nucleus inhibits histone deacetylases (HDACs), leading to increased histone acetylation. This study demonstrates that treatment of LM/Bc mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with FTY720 results in a significant accumulation of FTY720-P in both the cytoplasmic and nuclear compartments. Elevated nuclear FTY720-P is associated with decreased HDAC activity and increased histone acetylation at H3K18 and H3K23 in LM/Bc MEFs. Treatment of LM/Bc MEFs with FTY720 and a selective Sphk2 inhibitor, ABC294640, significantly reduces the amount of FTY720-P that accumulates in the nucleus. The data provide insight into the relative amounts of FTY720-P generated in the nuclear versus cytoplasmic subcellular compartments after FTY720 treatment and the specific Sphk isoforms involved. The results of this study suggest that FTY720-induced NTDs may involve multiple mechanisms, including: (1) sustained and/or altered S1P receptor activation and signaling by FTY720-P produced in the cytoplasm and (2) HDAC inhibition and histone hyperacetylation by FTY720-P generated in the nucleus that could lead to epigenetic changes in gene regulation.
Electrical, thermal and mechanical impact of 3D TSV and 3D stacking technology on advanced CMOS devices &#x2014; Technology directions (2012)

3D integration technology using thin die and Through-Silicon-Via, TSV, connections affect transistor and circuit behavior through electrical, mechanical and thermal interactions. The roadmap for further 3D technology development should focus on minimizing these effects.
Chemically amplified imaging materials based on acid-catalyzed reactions of polyesters or electrophilic crosslinking processes. (1990)

The design of chemically amplified imaging systems based on acid catalyzed thermolytic cleavage of polymer main-chains has been exploited with a variety of structures containing tertiary, allylic, or benzylic ester groups. In all cases, the esters have been designed for their ability to undergo facile thermolytic elimination. This report outlines the preparation, study, and imaging of several polyesters containing thermolytically active moieties. These new acid labile polyesters have been incorporated into two-component imaging materials for which radiation sensitivity is due to the presence of compounds which produce acid upon irradiation. The photogenerated acid is then used to catalyze thermolytic cleavage of the polyester main-chain in a process which does not consume the acid and therefore provides for chemical amplification. Imaging is possible using a variety of radiation sources, from deep-UV to X-rays. The concept of imaging through multiple main-chain cleavage is important as it can lead to self- or dry developing images. In the present study, only partial self-development was observed as one of the diacid liberated by the chain cleavage process was not volatile. A second family of radiation sensitive imaging materials has also been designed based on the catalyzed electrophilic crosslinking of polymers containing aromatic rings. While this new approach is only illustrated here for systems in which crosslinking involves polymer pendant groups, the same design is also applicable to polymer main-chains. This family of crosslinkable, chemically amplified, resist materials shows very high sensitivities of ca. 1mJ/cm2 for exposure in the deep-UV, ca. 1μC/cm2 for E-beam exposure, and ca. 12-15mJ/cm2 for X-ray synchrotron radiation.
Minimal diagnostic criteria for myelodysplastic syndromes and separation from ICUS and IDUS: update and open questions (2009)

Although a classification for myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) has been proposed by several working groups and by the World Health Organization (WHO), with criteria useful to discriminate between disease variants, the important issue of minimal diagnostic criteria of MDS has only recently been addressed. In the current article, proposed minimal diagnostic criteria for MDS are discussed together with two conditions that do not meet these criteria, although cytopenia or dysplasia is present. These two conditions, idiopathic cytopenia of unknown significance and idiopathic dysplasia of unknown significance should be kept in mind as a provisional (potential) diagnosis in patients with suspected MDS. Both conditions can progress to frank MDS over time. Therefore, once diagnosed, these patients should have a haematological follow-up. The diagnosis MDS, on the other hand, needs to be based on robust criteria and exclusion of all other causes of cytopenia and dysplasia, which requires detailed and sometimes extensive investigations, including a bone marrow biopsy, cytogenetic analyses, molecular studies and flow cytometry.
Abstract LB-276: The identification and characterization of prostate adenocarcinoma tumor initiating cells (2016)

Abstract Primary prostate cancer is typically of luminal phenotype. However, little is known about the stem/progenitor properties of transformed luminal tumor cells as they fail to survive in culture. Using the organoid culture methodology, we show two distinct luminal progenitors in aggressive Pten/Tp53-null mouse model of prostate cancer. Not only did tumors contain previously described multipotent progenitors, but also a major population of committed luminal progenitors. The distinction between committed luminal and multipotent organoids was also evident in subcutaneous grafts as tumors of adenocarcinoma or multilineage histological phenotypes were observed, respectively. Moreover, using organoids we show that the self-renewing capacity of luminal-committed progenitors is a tumor-specific property, absent in benign luminal cells. Further, a significant fraction of luminal progenitors displayed resistance to in vivo castration as well as to androgen receptor inhibition ex vivo. Importantly, 3D organoid techniques have allowed us to relate our findings in humans as we can successfully grow similar luminal tumor populations from patient derived xenografts (PDXs) models of prostate cancer. In all, these data reveal two distinct luminal tumorigenic populations in mouse models of prostate cancer, providing insight into luminal tumor initiating cells in prostate cancer that can also influence response to therapy. Citation Format: Supreet Agarwal, Paul Hynes, Ross Lake, Lei Fang, Heather Tillman, Mike Beshiri, Keith Jansson, Wouter Karthaus, Philip Iaquinta, Charles Sawyers, Kathleen Kelly. The identification and characterization of prostate adenocarcinoma tumor initiating cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-276.