gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Optic disc and choroidal circulation detected by dye-filling rate in indocyanine green angiography]. (1995)

Dye-filling rate of optic disc and choroid in normal human subjects was investigated using indocyanine green infra-red videoangiography and computerized image analysis. Only relative changes in the circulation of disc and choroid could be studied and the ratio (D/M) of dye-filling rate in normal subjects (age ranged 23-62) in disc (D) to choroid (M) was reliable. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was elevated to two levels with a pneumatic suction-cup. When D/M at normal IOP was 1, mean D/M was 1. 29 when mean IOP was 26.8 mmHg, and 1.48 when mean IOP was 38.4 mmHg. The results suggest that IOP elevation produced less change in the disc circulation than in the choroid. The ratio of dye-filling rate of the disc at 38.4 mmHg to normal IOP was significantly correlated (P < 0.05) with perfusion pressure at normal IOP, showing that the autoregulatory mechanisms in the disc blood flow may possibly reach the limit especially in subjects whose perfusion pressure is low.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective CuH‐Catalyzed anti‐Markovnikov Hydroamination of 1,1‐Disubstituted Alkenes. (2015)

Abstract This mild catalytic asymmetric anti‐Markovnikov hydroamination of 1,1‐disubstituted alkenes with o‐benzoyl‐N,N‐disubstituted hydroxylamines offers a convenient route to β‐chiral amines.
Structure-Based Design of a Soluble Prefusion-Closed HIV-1 Env Trimer with Reduced CD4 Affinity and Improved Immunogenicity (2017)

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer is a target for vaccine design as well as a conformational machine that facilitates virus entry by transitioning between prefusion-closed, CD4-bound, and coreceptor-bound conformations by transitioning into a postfusion state. Vaccine designers have sought to restrict the conformation of the HIV-1 Env trimer to its prefusion-closed state as this state is recognized by most broadly neutralizing, but not nonneutralizing, antibodies. We previously identified a disulfide bond, I201C-A433C (DS), which stabilizes Env in the vaccine-desired prefusion-closed state. When placed into the context of BG505 SOSIP.664, a soluble Env trimer mimic developed by Sanders, Moore, and colleagues, the engineered DS-SOSIP trimer showed reduced conformational triggering by CD4. Here, we further stabilize DS-SOSIP through a combination of structure-based design and 96-well-based expression and antigenic assessment. From 103 designs, we identified one, named DS-SOSIP.4mut, with four additional mutations at the interface of potentially mobile domains of the prefusion-closed structure. We also determined the crystal structures of DS-SOSIP.4mut at 4.1-Å resolution and of an additional DS-SOSIP.6mut variant at 4.3-Å resolution, and these confirmed the formation of engineered disulfide bonds. Notably, DS-SOSIP.4mut elicited a higher ratio of tier 2 autologous titers versus tier 1 V3-sensitive titers than BG505 SOSIP.664. DS-SOSIP.4mut also showed reduced recognition of CD4 and increased thermostability. The improved antigenicity, thermostability, and immunogenicity of DS-SOSIP.4mut suggest utility as an immunogen or a serologic probe; moreover, the specific four alterations identified here, M154, M300, M302, and L320 (4mut), can also be transferred to other HIV-1 Env trimers of interest to improve their properties.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> One approach to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies against HIV-1 is to stabilize the structurally flexible HIV-1 envelope (Env) trimer in a conformation that displays predominantly broadly neutralizing epitopes and few to no nonneutralizing epitopes. The prefusion-closed conformation of HIV-1 Env has been identified as one such preferred conformation, and a current leading vaccine candidate is the BG505 DS-SOSIP variant, comprising two disulfides and an Ile-to-Pro mutation of Env from strain BG505. Here, we introduced additional mutations to further stabilize BG505 DS-SOSIP in the vaccine-preferred prefusion-closed conformation. In guinea pigs, our best mutant, DS-SOSIP.4mut, elicited a significantly higher ratio of autologous versus V3-directed neutralizing antibody responses than the SOSIP-stabilized form. We also observed an improvement in thermostability and a reduction in CD4 affinity. With improved antigenicity, stability, and immunogenicity, DS-SOSIP.4mut-stabilized trimers may have utility as HIV-1 immunogens or in other antigen-specific contexts, such as with B-cell probes.
Stable Cyclic Germanediyls (“Cyclogermylenes”): Synthesis, Structure, Metal Complexes, and Thermolyses (1992)

The new germandiyls 1 and 2 which sublime at 50 °C are monomeric in the solid state, in solution, and in the gas phase. They are available from germanium dichloride · 1,4-dioxane and the appropriate lithium diamides in high yields, and react smoothly with [Ni(CO)4] to give 3 and 4. According to ab initio calculations, the π electrons in 2 are delocalized. cod = cyclooctadiene.
Clinical Applications of Self-Monitoring by Experienced and Novice Pédiatrie Physical Therapists (1996)

Scholars in a variety of disciplines propose that self-monitoring is a key characteristic of sound decision making. In this study we explore and illustrate how three experienced and three novice pédiatrie physical therapists monitor their practice. These clinicians were videotaped during 48 hourly sessions with 18 children who were diagnosed with diplegic cerebral palsy. Then, videotapes were used to elicit retrospective think-aloud dialogues that were transcribed, coded, and analyzed to: 1 ) assess the frequency and clinical characteristics of self-monitoring, 2) calculate the percentage of positive verbalizations, and 3) determine if therapists verbalize an advanced form of self-monitoring called dialectical processing. Treatment videotapes of the experienced clinicians were analyzed further to highlight and illustrate how they monitor themselves during treatment. Findings revealed that experienced and novice clinicians verbalize self-monitoring about every three minutes. Experienced clinicians were positive in verbalizing self-monitoring 81% of the time, whereas, novices were positive 36% of the time. Self-monitoring was verbalized in conjunction with other characteristics of decision making by experienced clinicians a mean of 84% of the time and by novices 57% of the time. Examples of transcribed data suggest some clinicians used dialectical processing. Findings suggest self-monitoring is an important and pivotal characteristic of clinical decision making and appears to be used by clinicians to develop, enhance, and refine their repertoires of treatment procedures.
A new tool to monitor the development of acute lung injury in mice; X-ray dark-field imaging (2016)

Acute lung injury (ALI), a severe form of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), is characterized by an increase of vascular permeability that leads to alveolar and interstitial edema followed by hypoxemia. Diagnosis of ARDS is based on the visualization of pulmonary infiltrates by chest radiography or computed tomography (CT), however, any of these tools appear to be sufficiently efficient since 50% of ALI patients are misdiagnosed. Therefore, our aim is to evaluate dark-field imaging as a new tool to diagnostic in vivo early stages of ALI in a comparative study with conventional transmission imaging using an elastase-induced emphysema murine model.
Nonlinear fiber designs with intrinsically low dispersion variations (2014)

Improved nonlinear fiber designs have recently demonstrated intrinsically stable phase-matching. They remove dispersion variation limits, enabling efficient devices, for example a low-threshold oscillator tunable across wavelengths from 1.7-2.1 microns.
Gas-Phase Nucleation in GaAs Thin Film Preparation by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1992)

GaAs epitaxial film growth in the metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) horizontal reactor was analyzed by a mathematical model, which takes into consideration of vapor phase hydrodynamic and kinetic phenomena including decomposition reactions of reactants, Ga or GaAs nucleation and subsequent particle growth. The position dependent changes in mass concentrations of Ga or GaAs monomers and homogeneously nucleated Ga or GaAs particles are predicted under various substrate temperatures. The appearance of particles in the gas phase is found to be enhanced under substrate temperature exceeding about 900 K. The conditions under which the growth of the thin film is governed by the diffusive deposition of metal organic vapor and Ga monomers are determined, and the effect of homogeneously nucleated particles on the growth of thin film has been clarified. The simulation results are in good agreement with the data of van de Ven et al [J. Cryst. Growth 76 (1986) 352].
Advances in Quantum Dot Lasers for High Efficiency and High Output Power Operation (2019)

We overview progress in quantum dot (QD) lasers, emphasizing the advantage of the QD lasers for application to laser processing technology. Recent advances in our development of the QD lasers toward high quantum efficiency and high out power at the NEDO project are also discussed.
The Role of Polysilicon Slurry and Its Application in 7nm CMP (2017)

Polysilicon CMP (Chemical Mechanical Polishing) is a highly critical process for better controlling gate heights, at both wafer level and within-die level, with improved uniformity. Uniform gate height not only determines the transistor performance but also impacts the downstream processes. Many slurry factors play a role in maintaining the gate height uniformity for CMP, namely - type of abrasives, constituents in the slurry, pH of the slurry, etc. In this study, a comparison between ceria- and silica-based slurries was conducted based on their on-wafer performances. The study showed that ceria-based poly slurry resulted in a < 2 nm Within-Die Non-Uniformity (WIDNU) in gate height. Also, this slurry showed a detectable end-point signal and the capability to stop on nitride. However, the dishing in the frame area was > 100 nm. In contrast, the silica-based slurry had better selectivity, removal rate, and dishing performance in the frame and in the pad area. During the experiments it was observed that 92 % reduction in dishing and 270 % improvement in selectivity can be achieved by using the silica-based slurry.
Quantitative Abnormalities of Lipoprotein Particles in Multiple Myeloma (1987)

Serum concentrations of total cholesterol and lipoprotein cholesterol, of apolipoproteins A I and A II and of apolipoprotein A I in lipoprotein particles (Lp A I and Lp A) were determined in 43 patients with multiple myeloma. There were striking alterations in the plasma levels of these analytes relative to normal subjects. We observed a decrease of cholesterol levels in LDL, HDL and HDL3 fractions, and of apolipoproteins A I and A II compared with normal subjects. The HDL2 cholesterol was increased. The decrease of apolipoprotein A II was more prominent than apolipoprotein A I. The decrease of apolipoprotein A I concerns only the A I (Lp A), while the A I (Lp A I) was increased. Most of these modifications were correlated with the monoclonal Ig levels.
Highly productive and reliable 10 Gb/s AlInas avalanche photodiodes (2005)

A new planar-type APD having an AlInAs multiplication layer was realized with high productivity and superior performance, which is sufficient for practical use in 10 Gb/s optical communications. (2 pages)
Micro biomedical diagnostic system for endoscopic microcapsule (2003)

For the development of micro biomedical diagnostic system for endoscopic microcapsule, we have developed micro cell lysis reactor, micro bead affinity chromatography, microneedle, microfluidic devices and micro detection devices. The basic components will be assembled into a micro integrated system, enhancing separation efficiencies and detection systems of target biomolecules.
Competitive dCas9 binding as a mechanism for transcriptional control (2021)

Catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) is a programmable transcription factor that can be targeted to promoters through the design of small guide RNAs (sgRNAs), where it can function as an activator or repressor. Natural promoters use overlapping binding sites as a mechanism for signal integration, where the binding of one can block, displace, or augment the activity of the other. Here, we implemented this strategy in Escherichia coli using pairs of sgRNAs designed to repress and then derepress transcription through competitive binding. When designed to target a promoter, this led to 27-fold repression and complete derepression. This system was also capable of ratiometric input comparison over two orders of magnitude. Additionally, we used this mechanism for promoter sequence-independent control by adopting it for elongation control, achieving 8-fold repression and 4-fold derepression. This work demonstrates a new genetic control mechanism that could be used to build analog circuit or implement cis-regulatory logic on CRISPRi-targeted native genes.
Protective Efficacy of Newcastle Disease Virus Expressing Soluble Trimeric Hemagglutinin against Highly Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza in Chickens and Mice (2012)

Although NDV expressing membrane anchored H5 in general provided better protection than its counterpart expressing soluble H5, chickens could be fully protected against a lethal challenge with H5N1 by using the latter NDV vector. This study thus provides proof of concept for the use of recombinant vector vaccines expressing a soluble form of a heterologous viral membrane protein. Such vectors may be advantageous as they preclude the incorporation of heterologous membrane proteins into the viral vector particles.
Effects of Microstructural Functional Layers on Flat‐Tubular Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2013)

Abstract The functional layer of a flat‐tubular solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is examined using a three‐dimensional microscale electrode model. SOFC electrodes essentially include two types of layers: a structural layer and a functional layer. The structural layers, which are the anode support layer and the cathode current collector layer, are composed of large particles with a high porosity that facilitates gas diffusion. The functional layers consist of small particles with a low porosity that increases the triple phase boundary (TPB) reaction area and reduces the activation overpotential. In the model, the particle diameter and functional layer thickness are adjusted and analyzed. The effects of the two parameters on the performance of the functional layer are monitored in the contexts of several multilateral approaches. Most reactions occurred near the electrode–electrolyte interface; however, an electrode design that included additional TPB areas improved the electrode performance. The role of the functional layer in a flat‐tubular SOFC is examined as a function of the functional layer particle size and thickness. The performance of a cell could be enhanced by preparing a functional layer using particles of optimal size and thickness, and by operating the device under conditions optimized for these parameters.
O-GlcNAc Site Mapping by Using a Combination of Chemoenzymatic Labeling, Copper-Free Click Chemistry, Reductive Cleavage, and Electron-Transfer Dissociation Mass Spectrometry (2019)

As a dynamic post-translational modification, O-linked β- N-acetylglucosamine ( O-GlcNAc) modification (i.e., O-GlcNAcylation) of proteins regulates many biological processes involving cellular metabolism and signaling. However, O-GlcNAc site mapping, a prerequisite for site-specific functional characterization, has been a challenge since its discovery. Herein we present a novel method for O-GlcNAc enrichment and site mapping. In this method, the O-GlcNAc moiety on peptides was labeled with UDP-GalNAz followed by copper-free azide-alkyne cycloaddition with a multifunctional reagent bearing a terminal cyclooctyne, a disulfide bridge, and a biotin handle. The tagged peptides were then released from NeutrAvidin beads upon reductant treatment, alkylated with (3-acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride, and subjected to electron-transfer dissociation mass spectrometry analysis. After validation by using standard synthetic peptide gCTD and model protein α-crystallin, such an approach was applied to the site mapping of overexpressed TGF-β-activated kinase 1/MAP3K7 binding protein 2 (TAB2), with four O-GlcNAc sites unambiguously identified. Our method provides a promising tool for the site-specific characterization of O-GlcNAcylation of important proteins.
Hybrid satellite and terrestrial infrastructure for mobile broadcast services delivery: An outlook to the ‘Unlimited Mobile TV’ system performance (2008)

Abstract This paper provides an overview of a satellite‐based Unlimited Mobile TV system implementing the recently defined Digital Video Broadcast‐SH radio interface. It provides details on the system features and performances with respect to a typical dimensioning/deployment scenario. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Erratum to: Genomic innovations, transcriptional plasticity and gene loss underlying the evolution and divergence of two highly polyphagous and invasive Helicoverpa pest species (2017)

Upon publication of the original article [1], it was noticed that Dr Papanicolaou&amp;rsquo;s surname was spelt incorrectly. The correct spelling is &amp;ldquo;Papanicolaou&amp;rdquo;, as shown in the author list of this erratum.
Reduction of basal plane defects in (11-22) semipolar InGaN/GaN MQWs fabricated on patterned (113) Si substrates by introducing AlGaN barrier layers (2017)

GaN grown on nonpolar or semipolar faces have been widely developed as a promising material for the next generation optical and electronic devices. In this work, (11–22) semipolar InGaN/GaN MQWs were grown on patterned (113) Si substrates and fabricated into thin-film-type flip-chip LEDs. From CL and TEM measurement, generation of basal plane defects (BPDs) around MQWs and Strain-relaxation layers (SRLs) has been observed. The relationship between MQW structures and formation of BPDs has been investigated. By optimizing MQW structures, light output power and external quantum efficiency have been improved with thick InGaN well layers and GaN barrier layers. Introducing AlGaN barrier layers has enabled further reduction of BPDs in MQWs and, as a result, an enhancement of EQE has been achieved. The maximum EQE value of the sample with AlGaN barrier layers was 12.9%.This result indicates that the reduction of BPDs is an effective approach for obtaining the high-efficiency semipolar LEDs on Si substrates.
Synthesis and Application of Palladium Precatalysts that Accommodate Extremely Bulky Di-tert-butylphosphino Biaryl Ligands (2013)

A series of palladacyclic precatalysts that incorporate electron-rich di-tert-butylphosphino biaryl ligands is reported. These precatalysts are easily prepared, and their use provides a general means of employing bulky ligands in palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The application of these palladium sources to various C–N and C–O bond-forming processes is also described.
Gedit: Keyboard Gestures for Mobile Text Editing (2020)

Text editing on mobile devices can be a tedious process. To perform various editing operations, a user must repeatedly move his or her fingers between the text input area and the keyboard, making multiple round trips and breaking the flow of typing. In this work, we present Gedit, a system of on-keyboard gestures for convenient mobile text editing. Our design includes a ring gesture and flicks for cursor control, bezel gestures for mode switching, and four gesture shortcuts for copy, paste, cut, and undo. Variations of our gestures exist for one and two hands. We conducted an experiment to compare Gedit with the de facto touch+widget based editing interactions. Our results showed that Gedit's gestures were easy to learn, 24% and 17% faster than the de facto interactions for oneand two-handed use, respectively, and preferred by participants.
TOXICITY OF DIBROMOACETONITRILE IN ISOLATED RAT COLONOCYTES (2006)

Dibromoacetonitrile (DBAN) is a water disinfection by-product. The objective of the present work was to investigate the cytotoxic effects as well as the oxidative stress induced by DBAN in cultured rat colonocytes. Colonocytes were exposed in-vitro to different concentrations of DBAN (0.1-2.0 mM) for 60 min. Also, colonocytes were incubated with DBAN (1.0 mM) for different time intervals extending to 180 min. Cytotoxicity was determined by assessing cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, glutathione (GSH) level and lipid peroxidation as indicated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production. Exposure of colonocytes to DBAN (1.0 mM) for 60 min caused nearly a 50% decrease in cell viability and induced a 3-fold increase of LDH leakage. In the same experiment, DBAN caused a significant decrease in cellular GSH content as well as a significant enhancement of TBARS accumulation. These toxic responses to DBAN were dependent on both concentration and duration of exposure to DBAN. Treatment of colonocytes with GSH, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) or dithiothreitol (DTT) prior to exposure to DBAN afforded different degrees of protection as indicated by significant decrease in the LDH leakage and TBARS formation as compared to DBAN alone-treated cells. Also, pretreatment of colonocytes with the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) or catalase (CAT) significantly inhibited LDH leakage and TBARS production. Preincuhation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), a hydroxyl radical scavenger or desferroxiamine (DFO), an iron chelator, diminished DBAN-induced LDH leakage and TBARS generation. Our results suggest that DBAN has a potential cytotoxic effect in rat colonocytes; and thiol group-donors, antioxidant enzymes, hydroxyl radical scavengers and iron chelators can play an important role against DBAN-induced colonotoxicity.
The bond length and electronic structure of V2 (1984)

We report of the first gas-phase electronic spectrum of V2. The dimer was generated in an expansion cooled molecular beam by laser vaporization of vanadium metal. Using the technique of resonant two photon ionization spectroscopy a strong band system with origin near 7000 Å was observed. Rotationally resolved spectra of this band system conclusively demonstrate that the transition is of the type 3Πu(a)←3Σ−g(a), and we assign the 3Σ−g state as the ground electronic state of V2. The short ground state bond length re″=1.77 Å and high vibrational frequency ωe″=535 cm−1 are indicative of extensive 3d-orbital participation in the bonding of this molecule. The unusual case (a) coupling and large second-order spin-orbit splitting observed in the 3Σ−g state implies that the ground state electronic configuration contains a half-filled π(3d) or δ (3d) orbital. The most plausible valence configuration consistent with the data is σg(3d)2πu(3d)+σg(4s)2δg(3d)2. In the excited state there is strong evidence of predissociation occuring for levels higher than 14 872 cm−1 above the ground state, thus providing an upper bound of 1.85 eV for the dissociation energy of V2.
Cryogenic noise parameter measurements of microwave devices (2001)

A robust measurement technique, the seven-state method, which is well suited to noise parameter measurements at cryogenic temperatures is presented. In contrast to existing concepts, the seven-state method makes it possible to determine the minimum noise figure F/sub min/ and the equivalent noise resistance R/sub n/ except for a constant term m with the help of noise power measurements with a noise source operated at ambient temperature only. The optimum generator admittance Y/sub opt/ and the input admittance Y/sub in/ of the device under test are completely calculable from cold noise power measurements. An additional measurement of Y/sub in/ with a network analyser as needed for other techniques is not necessary. In order to determine the unknown factor m, one further noise power measurement with a hot noise source has to be performed. A measurement system as well as measurements which were performed on AlGaAs/InGaAs HEMT transistors at ambient and cryogenic temperatures are presented.