gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software defined radios as cognitive relays for satellite ground stations incurring terrestrial interference (2017)

Satellite to ground links are extremely vulnerable to any type of terrestrial interference due to the relatively weak satellite signal at the ground stations. This can cause connection failures or degradation in performance at the ground station, which could in some cases be significant or even catastrophic. The great flexibility of software defined radio (SDR) systems facilitates the implementation of cognitive relays as a complementary entity that can help reduce the effects of interference. In this paper, we describe a cognitive SDR testbed that has been developed based on the Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and the GNU radio software platform. One of our testbed's aims is to evaluate error performance improvements of satellite signal relays in the presence of interference. We report on performance evaluation in terms of bit error ratio (BER) as a function of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) and in the presence of interference, for our detect and relay algorithms in an example frequency band, using an emulated desired (satellite-relay-ground station) signal. Our testbed contains four separate segments: satellite (emulated), relay, interferer, and ground receiver. At each segment, we transmit and/or receive signals via SDRs or standard communication laboratory equipment. We consider two relaying protocols in our work, amplify-and-forward (AF), and decode-and-forward (DF). Initial experiments were indoors, although outdoor testing with small unmanned aircraft systems is planned for future work. Our experiments explore the effects of different relaying techniques, and provide some quantitative results on performance improvements via our software defined radio approach.
Fast orthogonality deficiency compensation for improved frequency selective image extrapolation (2008)

The purpose of this paper is to introduce a very efficient algorithm for signal extrapolation. It can widely be used in many applications in image and video communication, e. g. for concealment of block errors caused by transmission errors or for prediction in video coding. The signal extrapolation is performed by extending a signal from a limited number of known samples into areas beyond these samples. Therefore a finite set of orthogonal basis functions is used and the known part of the signal is projected onto them. Since the basis functions are not orthogonal regarding the area of the known samples, the projection does not lead to the real portion a basis function has of the signal. The proposed algorithm efficiently copes with this non-orthogonality resulting in very good objective and visual extrapolation results for edges, smooth areas, as well as structured areas. Compared to an existent implementation, this algorithm has a significantly lower computational complexity without any degradation in quality. The processing time can be reduced by a factor larger than 100.
Well Logging (2012)

NMR well logging is a technique to characterize earth formations that can be many kilometers underground. In this method, a sensor is lowered into a borehole and instructed to continuously measure the NMR response of the fluids filling the pore space in the rocks surrounding the borehole. The sensor must be designed to withstand the adverse environmental conditions. It consists of permanent magnets, a radiofrequency coil, and the complete electronics for the transmitter and receiver functions. Such inside-out-devices generate static and radiofrequency magnetic fields that are necessarily grossly inhomogeneous across the formation. As a consequence, all NMR pulses act as slice-selective pulses. Despite these limitations, measurement techniques based on one- and two-dimensional pulse sequences have been developed that enable the quantitative determination of the relaxation and diffusion properties of the formation. The resulting distribution function of relaxation times and the two-dimensional relaxation–diffusion distribution functions are used to infer unique information about the types and compositions of the fluids residing in the pore space and give estimates of the distribution of pore sizes. The technique has found widespread commercial application in the evaluation of hydrocarbon-bearing reservoirs.
A molecular gate: control of free intramolecular rotation by application of an external signal (2004)

Abstract Control of internal movement in a conformationally free pentiptycene derivative is achieved by complexation of two phenanthroline units by copper(I) cation. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of Trifluoromethyl Aryl Sulfides. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Effect of Novel Mercapto Silane Systems on Resin Bond Strength to Dental Noble Metal Alloys (2014)

Self-assembled monolayers of thiols (RSH), which are key elements in nanoscience and nanotechnology, have been used to link a range of materials to planar gold surfaces or gold nanoparticles. In this study, the adhesive performance of mercapto silane systems to dental noble metal alloys was evaluated in vitro and compared with that of commercial dental primers. Dental gold-palladium-platinum (Au-Pd-Pt), gold-palladium-silver (Au-Pd-Ag), and palladium-silver (Pd-Ag) alloys were used as the bonding substrates after air-abrasion (sandblasting). One of the following primers was applied to each alloy: (1) no primer treatment (control), (2) three commer- cial primers: V-Primer, Metal Primer II, and M.L. Primer, and (3) two experimental silane primer systems: 2-step application with 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (SPS) (1.0 wt%) and then 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS) (1.0 wt%), and a silane blend consisting of SPS and MPS (both 1.0 wt%). Composite resin cylinders with a diameter of 2.38 mm were bonded to the surfaces and irradiated for 40 sec using a curing light. After storage in water at 37 °C for 24 h, all the bonded specimens were thermocycled 5000 times before the shear bond strength test. Regardless of the alloy type, the mercapto silane systems (both the 2-step and blend systems) consistently showed superior bonding performance than the commercial primers. Contact angle analysis of the primed surfaces indicated that higher resin bond strengths were produced on more hydrophilic alloy surfaces. These novel mercapto silane systems are a promising alternative for improving resin bonding to dental noble metal alloys.
KeystoneDepth: History in 3D (2020)

This paper introduces KeystoneDepth, the largest and most diverse collection of rectified historical stereo image pairs to date, consisting of tens of thousands of stereographs of people, events, objects, and scenes recorded between 1864 and 1966. Leveraging the Keystone-Mast Collection of stereographs from the California Museum of Photography, we apply multiple processing steps to produce clean stereo image pairs, complete with calibration data, rectification transforms, and disparity maps. We introduce a novel stereo rectification technique based on the unique properties of antique stereo cameras. To better visualize the results on 2D displays, we also introduce a self-supervised deep view synthesis technique trained on historical imagery. Our dataset is available at http://keystonedepth.cs.washington.edu/.
T-cell receptor expression in intestinal intra-epithelial lymphocyte subpopulations of normal and athymic mice. (1989)

Intra-epithelial lymphocytes (IEL) in murine small intestine were analysed for the presence of cell-surface antigens and T-cell receptor allotype in normal and athymic BALB/c mice by immunoperoxidase histochemistry on frozen sections and immunofluorescence on isolated IEL. In frozen sections, IEL of normal mice were 97.7% CD45+, 93.5% CD3+, 46.2% Thy-1+, 91.1% CD8+, 10.7% CD4+ and 21.1% KJ16+ (V beta 8.1 and 8.2). FACS analysis of isolated IEL confirmed the level of KJ16 expression and also demonstrated that 25% of IEL were F23.1+ (V beta 8.1-8.3). Immunofluorescent double-staining revealed a skewed distribution of T-cell receptor (TcR) expression on Thy-1+ and Thy-1- IEL. KJ16 and F23.1 were expressed on 25.9% and 32.7% of Thy-1+ IEL, respectively; however, the frequency of V beta 8 expression was diminished on Thy-1- IEL (4.1% KJ16+ and 12.1% F23.1+). IEL are present in athymic mice, but at reduced levels. In frozen sections these cells were 91.9% CD45+, 69.5% CD3+, less than 1% Thy-1+, 83.6% CD8+, less than 1% CD4+ and less than 1% KJ16+. Thus it appears that in normal mice there may be two distinct lineages of IEL, a thymus-dependent Thy-1+ population which utilizes the alpha beta T-cell receptor and a thymus-independent Thy-1- population (represented in athymic mice), which may possibly utilize the alternative gamma delta TcR.
General Approach for the Synthesis of 12-Methoxy-Substituted Sarpagine Indole Alkaloids Including (−)-12-Methoxy-Nb-methylvoachalotine, (+)-12-Methoxy-Na-methylvellosimine, (+)-12-Methoxyaffinisine, and (−)-Fuchsiaefoline (2005)

[structures: see text] The enantiospecific synthesis of 7-methoxy-D-tryptophan ethyl ester was completed by combination of the Larock heteroannulation process with a Schöllkopf-based chiral auxiliary in good yield. This ester was then employed in the first regiospecific, stereospecific total synthesis of (+)-12-methoxy-N(a)-methylvellosimine, (+)-12-methoxyaffinisine, (-)-fuchsiaefoline, and 12-methoxy-N(b)-methylvoachalotine in excellent overall yield. The asymmetric Pictet-Spengler reaction and enolate-driven palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling processes served as key steps. The quaternary center at C16 of 12-methoxy-N(b)-methylvoachalotine was established via the Tollens reaction between (+)-12-methoxy-N(a)-methylvellosimine and formaldehyde to form diol 17. The two prochiral primary alcohols in diol 17 were differentiated by the oxidative cyclization(DDQ) of the hydroxyl group at the axial position of 17 with the benzylic postion at [C6] to form a cyclic ether [C6-O17]. After oxidative formation of the alpha-ester at C16, the ether bond was reductively cleaved with TFA/Et3SiH in high yield. The DDQ-mediated oxidative cyclization and TFA/Et3SiH reductive cleavage served as protection/deprotection steps in order to provide a versatile entry into the voachalotine alkaloids.
Low‐Cost Hollow Mesoporous Polymer Spheres and All‐Solid‐State Lithium, Sodium Batteries (2015)

A practical, low‐cost synthesis of hollow mesoporous organic polymer (HMOP) spheres is reported. The electrochemical properties of Li + /Na + ‐electrolyte membranes with these spheres substituting for oxide filler particles in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐filler composite are explored. The electrolyte membranes are mechanically robust, thermally stable to over 250 °C, and block dendrites from a metallic‐lithium/sodium anode. The Li + /Na + transfer impedance across the lithium/sodium–electrolyte interface is initially acceptable at 65 °C and scavenging of impurities by the porous‐spheres filler lowers this impedance relative to that with Al 2 O 3 . All‐solid‐state Li/LiFePO 4 and Na/NaTi 2 (PO4) 3 cells give stable discharge capacity of ≈130 and 80 mAh g −1 , respectively, at 0.5 C and 65 °C for 100 cycles.
Why Do Users Choose a Hotel over Others? Review Analysis Using Interpretation Method of Machine Learning Models (2020)

To date, existing research has attempted to extract user opinions relating to products and services by differentiating the products and services through their characteristics. However, it is difficult to obtain the characteristics of similar products and services in these studies. So-called competitive products and services are actually quite similar, though they might vary in their strengths and weaknesses across competitors. These advantages and disadvantages are essential for users when selecting products and services. On the other hand, in recent years, researchers have interpreted the output of machine learning models so that humans can understand the reason of the output. LIME and SP-LIME are typical approaches used in the literature. In this paper, we propose a new method using LIME and SP-LIME to compare the characteristics of the services of three competing hotels and investigate appropriate parameters for our method. We try to extract descriptive words for each competitor from review texts, taking a Japanese business hotel market and global game console market as examples.
Joint Constrained Bayesian Optimization of Planning, Guidance, Control, and State Estimation of an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (2022)

The performance of a guidance, navigation and control (GNC) system of an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) heavily depends on the correct tuning of its parameters. Our objective is to automatically tune these parameters with respect to arbitrary high-level control objectives within different operational scenarios. In contrast to literature, an overall tuning is performed for the entire GNC system, which is new in the context of autonomous underwater vehicles. The main challenges in solving the optimization problem are computationally expensive objective function evaluations, crashing simulations due to infeasible parametrization and the numerous tunable parameters (in our case 13). These challenges are met by using constrained Bayesian optimization with crash constraints. The method is demonstrated in simulation on a GNC system of an underactuated miniature AUV designed within the TRIPLE-nanoAUV initiative for exploration of sub-glacial lakes. We quantify the substantial reduction in energy consumption achieved by tuning the overall system. Furthermore, different parametrizations are automatically generated for different power consumption functions, robustness, and accuracy requirements. E.g. energy consumption can be reduced by ~28%, if the maximum allowed deviation from the planned path is increased by ~65%. This shows the versatile practical applicability of the optimization-based tuning approach.
Identification of Antheridiogens in Lygodium circinnatum and Lygodium flexuosum (1996)

Antheridiogens in two species of Schizaeaceous ferns, Lygodium circinnatum and Lygodium flexuosum, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In L. circinnatum, gibberellin A73 (GA73) methyl ester (GA73-Me), which had originally been identified in L. japonicum, was identified as a principal antheridiogen, and the methyl esters of five known GAs (GA9, GA20, GA70, GA88, and 3-epi-GA88) were also identified as minor antheridiogens. In addition, four compounds corresponding to isomers of monohydroxy-GA73-Me were detected. One of these was shown to be 12[beta]-hydroxy-GA73-Me, the parent acid of which has been allocated the GA assignment GA96. The other three compounds, tentatively named X1, X2, and X3, have not been fully characterized. In L. flexuosum, GA73-Me was also identified as a major antheridiogen, with X2 being detected as a minor one. The total antheridium-formation activity in the culture medium of 7-week-old prothallia of L. circinnatum and L. flexuosum was more than 1000 times higher than that of L. japonicum. On the other hand, the response of gametophytes of the former two Lygodium ferns to GA73-Me was more than 100 times lower than that of L. japonicum.
New display mode of ferroelectric liquid crystals with large tilt angle (1993)

Abstract New display modes of ferroelectric liquid crystals with large tilt angle are proposed. Average arrangement of liquid crystal is selected among three positions with positive and negative applied voltage and without applied voltage. There are four display modes by the combination of molecular directions and cell setups between crossed polarizers. Normally black setup of the homogeneously aligned cell with high pre-tilt aligning film and the configuration of antiparallel rubbing shows excellent optical characteristics. From transmittance vs. voltage characteristics and X-ray diffraction, the tilted layer structure is desirable to realize high contrast ratio. To explain these results, newly high pre-tilt induced interdigitated (HIPII) models are presented. Transmittance rise time and fall time to the applied rectangular voltage are 30 μ s and 2ms, respectively. Memory effect also has been studied under 1/256 duty pulse operation.
Long-Term Oral Treatment with Non-Hypoglycemic Dose of Glibenclamide Reduces Diabetic Retinopathy Damage in the Goto-KakizakiRat Model (2021)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) remains a major cause of vision loss, due to macular edema, retinal ischemia and death of retinal neurons. We previously demonstrated that acute administration of glibenclamide into the vitreous, or given orally at a non-hypoglycemic dose, protected the structure and the function of the retina in three animal models that each mimic aspects of diabetic retinopathy in humans. In this pilot study, we investigated whether one year of chronic oral glibenclamide, in a non-hypoglycemic regimen (Amglidia<sup>®</sup>, 0.4 mg/kg, Ammtek/Nordic Pharma, 5 d/week), could alleviate the retinopathy that develops in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat. In vivo, retinal function was assessed by electroretinography (ERG), retinal thickness by optical coherence tomography (OCT) and retinal perfusion by fluorescein and indocyanin green angiographies. The integrity of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) that constitutes the outer retinal barrier was evaluated by quantitative analysis of the RPE morphology on flat-mounted fundus ex vivo. Oral glibenclamide did not significantly reduce the Hb1Ac levels but still improved retinal function, as witnessed by the reduction in scotopic implicit times, limited diabetes-induced neuroretinal thickening and the extension of ischemic areas, and it improved the capillary coverage. These results indicate that low doses of oral glibenclamide could still be beneficial for the prevention of type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Whether the retinas ofpatients treated specifically with glibenclamideare less at risk of developing diabetic complications remains to be demonstrated.
Better Exploiting Latent Variables in Text Modeling (2019)

We show that sampling latent variables multiple times at a gradient step helps in improving a variational autoencoder and propose a simple and effective method to better exploit these latent variables through hidden state averaging. Consistent gains in performance on two different datasets, Penn Treebank and Yahoo, indicate the generalizability of our method. 1
NIRF-Molecular Imaging with Synovial Macrophages-Targeting Vsig4 Nanobody for Disease Monitoring in a Mouse Model of Arthritis (2019)

Nanobody against V-set and Ig domain-containing 4 (Vsig4) on tissue macrophages, such as synovial macrophages, could visualize joint inflammation in multiple experimental arthritis models via single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. Here, we further addressed the specificity and assessed the potential for arthritis monitoring using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) Cy7-labeled Vsig4 nanobody (Cy7-Nb119). In vivo NIRF-imaging of collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) was performed using Cy7-Nb119. Signals obtained with Cy7-Nb119 or isotope control Cy7-NbBCII10 were compared in joints of naive mice versus CIA mice. In addition, pathological microscopy and fluorescence microscopy were used to validate the arthritis development in CIA. Cy7-Nb119 accumulated in inflamed joints of CIA mice, but not the naive mice. Development of symptoms in CIA was reflected in increased joint accumulation of Cy7-Nb119, which correlated with the conventional measurements of disease. Vsig4 is co-expressed with F4/80, indicating targeting of the increasing number of synovial macrophages associated with the severity of inflammation by the Vsig4 nanobody. NIRF imaging with Cy7-Nb119 allows specific assessment of inflammation in experimental arthritis and provides complementary information to clinical scoring for quantitative, non-invasive and economical monitoring of the pathological process. Nanobody labelled with fluorescence can also be used for ex vivo validation experiments using flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy.
P560 Trough levels at induction: impact on long term response when re-initiating infliximab (2017)

Background: Infliximab (IFX) is indicated for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn disease (CD)). Nevertheless, a significant proportion of patients will experience a loss of response (LOR) to IFX over time which may require despite optimization a switch to another anti-TNF or to swap out to another biotherapy. We have recently reported that week 2 and 6 IFX trough levels (TLs) can be predictive of treatment failure and long term response. Only one study has shown that week 14 TLs can be predictive of long term response on re-initiation of IFX therapy. Our objective is to evaluate early on at induction IFX TLs and antibodies to IFX (ATI) in patients previously exposed to anti-TNF Methods: 269 IBD patients (194 CD – 75 UC) have been treated with IFX on follow-up. 2331 samples were prospectively collected but measured retrospectively by ELISA in parallel with clinical data. 91 samples (TL measured <1μg/ml) were analyzed for IFX ATI using drug-sensitive bridging ELISA Results: At follow-up, patients were subdivided into three groups: long-term responders, patients who had LOR but responded to optimization or patients who had LOR but did not respond to optimization and were switched to another biotherapy. Each group was subdivided according to naïve or previous treatment with anti-TNF (IFX or Adalimumab) status. During induction, in the LOR switched group, median IFX TL was significantly lower in previously exposed patients than in naïve patients (0.92μg/ml vs 6.6μg/ml, p=0.044) (Figure 1A). Inversely, there was no statistical difference between median TL in the LOR optimized group between naïve and previously exposed patients (9.38μg/ml vs 11.82μg/ml, p=0.52) as well as in naïve and previously exposed Long-term responders (9.57μg/ml vs 11.91μg/ml, p=0.92). Overall, among the previously exposed patients, the LOR switched group had a lower median IFX TL (0.92μg/ml) compared to the Long–term responders (9.57μg/ml, p=0.015) and LOR optimized group (11,82μg/ml, p=0.005) (Figure 2). The percentage of ATI occurrence was statistically lower in the Long–term responders (5.7%) than in the LOR optimized (37.5%), p=0.002 and LOR switched groups (40%) (p=0.002). Interestingly, among the LOR switched group, the percentage of ATI occurrence was similar in patients whether naïve or previously exposed to anti-TNF (38.8% vs 42.9%, p=0.86) (Figure 1B). The same observation was found in the LOR optimized group (25% vs 45%, p=0.45). Conclusions: In LOR switched group, patients previously exposed to anti-TNF seem to have lower IFX TLs at induction than naïve patients. This may not be related to immunogenicity as the presence of ATI was similar in patients whether naïve or previously exposed to anti-TNF.