gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Charging dynamics of integrated circuit passivation layer probe holes in the electron beam tester (1994)

Numerical simulations show that the sidewall of a probe hole in the SiO2 passivation layer of an integrated circuit charges negatively when a 1 keV beam is probing a test point inside the probe hole. The negative charges on the sidewalls create a local electric field that suppresses the low-energy secondary electrons and at the same time focuses the higher-energy secondary electrons. These potential barrier and lens effects degrade the detected secondary electron signal and may have significant consequences for voltage contrast measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of 1,3‐Dithiol‐2‐ones from S‐Propargyl Dithiocarbonates. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optical Design and Optimization of Highly Efficient Sunlight-like Three-Stacked Warm White Organic Light Emitting Diodes (2017)

In this paper, we report an optical structure design method with the predicted performances of highly efficient three-stacked white organic light emitting diodes (WOLEDs) for solid state lighting applications. The efficiency and color properties of stacked WOLEDs are strongly affected by optical interference inside the thick cavity length; therefore appropriate emissive layer (EML) position is determined by thorough theoretical optical simulations to prevent such optical effect. The theoretically evaluated, three-stacked hybrid WOLED with entirely separated phosphorescent red and green as well as fluorescent blue EML has displayed a CRI and power efficiency of 91 and 33.5 lm/W, respectively. Based on our assumptions, design method, and optical simulation results, the fabricated three-stacked WOLEDs showed a CRI of 93, external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 49.4%, and power efficiencies of 33.4 lm/W. These experimentally measured characteristics are fully correlated with the performances of optically simulated devices. It is important to note that the driving voltage (10.0 V) of optically designed WOLEDs is almost identical to the summation of unit devices (9.9 V) because of good interconnecting units and the same charge balance in the tandem WOLEDs. In addition, the experimentally measured power efficiency of the tandem device is similar to an average value of the unit devices, and most importantly the EQE is nearly equal to the summation of the unit devices with an almost matched white spectrum.
The crystal structure of a lysine 49 phospholipase A2 from the venom of the cottonmouth snake at 2.0-A resolution. (1990)

The crystal structure of a lysine 49 variant phospholipase A2 (K49 PLA2) has been determined at 2.0-A resolution. This particular phospholipase A2, purified from the venom of the eastern cottonmouth (Agkistrodon piscivorus piscivorus), a North American pit viper, differs significantly from others studied crystallographically because of replacement of the aspartate residue at position 49, whose side chain is important in calcium binding, by lysine. The crystallographic analysis of K49 PLA2 was undertaken to assess the structural ramifications of this substitution, particularly as they affect the binding mechanism of both the calcium cofactor and the phospholipid substrate. The protein crystals are tetragonal, space group P4(1)2(1)2, with unit cell dimensions of a = b = 71.7 (1) and c = 57.8 (3) A. Preliminary phases were obtained by molecular replacement techniques with a search model derived from the refined 2.5-A structure of a rattle-snake venom phospholipase A2 (Brunie, S., Bolin, J., Gewirth, D., and Sigler, P. B. (1985) J. Biol. Chem. 260, 9742-9749). The starting model gave an initial crystallographic RF of 0.526 (RF = sigma parallel to Fo /-/ Fc parallel to /sigma/Fo/). The structure was refined against all data to 2.0-A resolution. The final RF is 0.158. The final model includes 150 discrete water molecules. The K49 PLA2 model is composed primarily of alpha-helices joined by loops, some of which are quite extensive. Although dissimilarities are observed in the loop regions, the helical portions are very similar to those in other known phospholipase A2 structures. The proposed catalytic center (His48, Tyr73, and Asp99) is also structurally conserved. The region in K49 PLA2 corresponding to the calcium-binding site in other phospholipases A2 is occupied by the epsilon-amino group of lysine 49.
Hypermethylation of the Pendred syndrome gene SLC26A4 is an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis. (2003)

Expression of the recently cloned Pendred syndrome gene SLC26A4 or PDS has been found to be decreased or even absent in various thyroid tumors. To explore the underlying mechanism, we conducted DNA sequencing and methylation-specific PCR studies in 64 primary thyroid tumors and 6 thyroid cell lines. We found aberrant hypermethylation of the SLC26A4 gene in 44% of histologically benign adenomas, 46% of follicular thyroid cancers, 71% of papillary thyroid cancers, 71% of anaplastic thyroid cancers, and 100% of cell lines. A reciprocal relationship between methylation and expression of the gene was confirmed in cell lines and thyroid tissues. We have thus demonstrated epigenetic changes as a new mechanism in altering the SLC26A4 gene function, in addition to genetic mutation in Pendred syndrome. SLC26A4 gene methylation in benign adenomas and the relatively well-differentiated WRO cell line suggest that this alteration is an early event in thyroid tumorigenesis.
Technology Turbocharges Functional Genomics (2017)

Obtaining genomics and other -omics data sets is now routine and widely used across all biological systems, including plants. As a consequence, a wide range of plant species are being interrogated at the genome, epigenome, transcriptome, translatome, and proteome level, leading to new hypotheses
Application of the Memristor in Reconfigurable Electromagnetic Devices (2015)

The recently popularized memristor, short for memory resistor, is investigated in this paper for its potential as a new and attractive method for enabling reconfigurable radio-frequency (RF) devices. The charge- or flux-controlled resistance of this "fourth circuit element" allows for easy reconfigurability and maintains its configured state in the absence of controlling signals. A specialized finite-difference time-domain simulation code is developed and employed to design devices with embedded memristors. The time-domain code allows observation of the nonlinear memristor switching characteristics and real-time functionality of the reconfigurable device. Several different reconfigurable RF devices are designed here to demonstrate the versatility of the memristor and determine the behavior of systems which utilize them.
Homogeneous nucleation in spatially inhomogeneous systems (1990)

Homogeneous nucleation of a vapor in the presence of the loss of clusters by diffusion and thermophoretic drift is investigated. Analytical results are obtained for the cluster size distribution and the rate of nucleation by solving the modified kinetic equation for nucleation. The implications of cluster loss by diffusion and phoretic drift on the onset of the homogeneous nucleation of silicon vapor in the horizontal epitaxial chemical vapor deposition reactor is discussed. The range of conditions under which the loss of subcritical clusters by diffusion and drift becomes important for the interpretation of diffusion cloud chamber experimental data of the onset conditions of the homogeneous nucleation of vapors is also delineated.
Performance evaluation of battery balancing hardware (2013)

In this paper we evaluate the performance of seven proposed hardware topologies for balancing the cells in a battery pack. We consider four classes of battery balancing hardware; shunting, cell-to-stack, storage element, and dissipative hardware. We present models of these hardware topologies that capture the steady-state behavior of the balancing hardware dynamics. We evaluate the hardware topologies based on time required to balance the cells and energy dissipated during balancing. A linear programming based method for calculating the worst-case time to balance and energy dissipated during balance is provided. The number of linear programs required to compute both metrics grows exponentially with the number of cells. We show how to use symmetries to efficiently compute both metrics. Our approach scales well for large-scale battery packs and provides non intuitive solutions.
Plasma heating by Alfvén wave excitation in the Proto-Cleo stellarator (1978)

Alfvén wave heating experiments have been done in the Proto-Cleo l=3, seven field period stellarator. The Alfvén waves were excited by a helical wave launcher which surrounds the entire torus. Doubling of both the electron and ion temperatures was observed with electrons and ions heated independently by the wave. The effectiveness of the heating changes, as predicted by theory, when experimental parameters were varied. Evidence of the existence of Alfvén wave resonant surfaces in the plasma were also observed. Some enhanced plasma loss occurred when Alfvén wave heating was applied to the plasma. Several possible mechanisms for this enhanced loss were studied but no clear explanation was found.
Enabling Extreme Fast Charging Technology for Electric Vehicles (2020)

As a significant part of the next-generation smart grid, electric vehicles (EVs) are essential for most countries to achieve energy independence, secure energy supply, and alleviate the pressure on environmental protection and energy security. Although EVs have grown rapidly, the slow recharge time is still the biggest obstacle to a wider application. While gasoline vehicles can pump enough gasoline in less than ten minutes, which can carry themselves a few hundred miles. However, most of today’s fast-charging techniques take half an hour only to provide very limited miles of electric driving range.
A static power model for architects (2002)

Static power dissipation due to transistor leakage constitutes an increasing fraction of the total power in modern semiconductor technologies. Current technology trends indicate that the contribution will increase rapidly, reaching one half of total power dissipation within three process generations. Developing power efficient products will require consideration of static power in the earliest phases of design, including architecture and microarchitecture definition. We propose a simple equation for estimating static power consumption at the architectural level: P/sub static/=V/sub CC//spl middot/N/spl middot/k/sub design//spl middot/I/spl circ//sub leak/, where V/sub CC/ is the supply voltage, N is the number of transistors, k/sub design/ is a design dependent parameter, and I/spl circ//sub leak/ is a technology dependent parameter. This model enables high-level reasoning about the likely static power demands of alternative microarchitectures. Reasonably accurate values for the factors within the equation may be obtained directly from the high-level designs or by straightforward scaling arguments. The factors within the equation also suggest opportunities for static power optimization, including reducing the total number of devices, partitioning the design to allow for lower supply voltages or slower, less leaky transistors, turning off unused devices, favoring certain design styles, and favoring high bandwidth over low latency. Speculation is also examined as a means to employ slower transistors without a significant performance penalty.
Supplementary Figure S1 legend from Sulforaphane Suppresses the Growth of Triple-negative Breast Cancer Stem-like Cells <i>In vitro</i> and <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SFN modulates CR1 promoter luciferase activity in MDA-MB-231-Luc-D3H1 cells.&lt;/p&gt;
A Generative Modeling Framework for Statistical Link Analysis Based on Sparse Data (2017)

This paper proposes a novel strategy for creating generative models of stochastic link responses starting from limited available data. Whereas state-of-the-art techniques, e.g., based on generalized polynomial chaos expansions, require a considerable amount of (expensive) input data, here we start from a small set of “training” responses. These responses are obtained either from simulations or measurements to construct a comprehensive stochastic model. Using this model, new response samples can be generated with a distribution as similar as possible to the real data distribution, for use in Monte Carlo-like analyses. The methodology first uses the standard Vector Fitting algorithm to fit the S-parameter data with rational functions having common poles. Then, a generative model for the residues is created by means of principal component analysis and kernel density estimation. An a posteriori selection of passive samples is performed on the generated data to ensure the new samples are physically consistent. The proposed modeling approach is applied to a commercial connector and to a set of differential striplines. Both are concatenated to produce the stochastic analysis of a complete link. Comparisons on the prediction of time-domain responses are also provided.
Blockade of beta 1-integrins in skin causes edema through lowering of interstitial fluid pressure. (1992)

The increased capillary fluid filtration required to rapidly create edema in acute inflammation can be generated by increased negativity of the interstitial fluid pressure (Pif). This observation suggests that connective tissues can "actively" enhance capillary fluid filtration. We now show that in vivo blockade of beta 1-integrin adhesion receptors in rat skin causes local edema concomitant with increased negativity of Pif. Experiments were performed on the dorsal side of the hind paw, and Pif was measured with sharpened glass capillaries (tip diameter, 3-7 microns) connected to a servo-controlled counterpressure system. Measurements were made after circulatory arrest had been induced with intracardiac potassium chloride in pentobarbital anesthesia. This procedure prevents the vascular phenomena of increased fluid and protein flux leading to edema formation, which in turn can increase Pif and therefore potentially mask an increased negativity of Pif. Control Pif averaged -0.58 +/- 0.81 (mean +/- SD) mm Hg (n = 37). Subdermal injection of 5 microliters monospecific rabbit anti-rat integrin beta 1-subunit immunoglobulin G caused increased negativity of Pif to average values between -4 and -6 mm Hg within 10 minutes after injection. Subdermal injection of 0.9% NaCl, preimmune immunoglobulin G, rat anti-fibronectin, and peptides with Arg-Gly-Asp and Arg-Gly-Glu sequences did not change Pif significantly. In another series of experiments, 5 microliters anti-beta 1 integrin immunoglobulin G was injected subdermally in rats with intact circulation and resulted in an increase in total tissue water corresponding to a doubling of the interstitial fluid volume in 10 minutes (p less than 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Reduction of molybdenum imido-alkylidene complexes in the presence of olefins to give molybdenum(IV) complexes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of molybdenum imido-alkylidene complexes in the presence of olefins to give molybdenum(IV) complexesJennifer Robbins, Guillermo C. Bazan, John S. Murdzek, Marie B. O'Regan, and Richard R. SchrockCite this: Organometallics 1991, 10, 8, 2902–2907Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00054a068https://doi.org/10.1021/om00054a068research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations79LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Introduction (2021)

A decade ago, it would have been impossible to imagine that a caregiver, a bus driver and a rail worker, together with 147 other ordinary citizens, could shape France’s policy on climate change. Ordinary citizens have long been disparaged for their political apathy. They could not be bothered to vote or join a political party. They trust experts less, share fake news and fall for the dark charisma of populist demagogues. Why would anyone think that citizens can deliberate on the most challenging issues of our time? And yet they did. Over six months, ordinary French citizens deliberated the nuts and bolts of climate change policies. They listened to experts, read scientific literature and formed thematic groups on agriculture, housing, transport, employment and lifestyle. They reached a consensus on making ecocide a crime, among other proposals, which are to be subject to a national referendum. Even the COVID-19 pandemic did not stop these citizens from deliberating, first online and then in socially distanced deliberations. The process was far from perfect, but it was groundbreaking. If there is one important lesson that scholars of democratic deliberation could impart to political theory and practice, it is that the context of participation matters to the quality of participation. When citizens are given the opportunity to learn, engage with a diverse group of people and be in a space where changing one’s mind is a virtue and not a vice, they are given the chance to reach a considered judgement. Decades of research on deliberative democracy demonstrate that citizens ‘are good problem solvers even if we are poor solitary truth seekers’ (Chambers, 2018: 36).
Phase and Frequency Locked 350 MHz Magnetron (2019)

The 120kW 350 MHz magnetron is being developed for a number of RF systems, chiefly among them, Niowave’s 10 MeV accelerator. Industri-al applications of the magnetron have also been explored. The CW magnetron can be operated in the pulse mode by a novel injection locking system. We report on the status of the program and progress to date
An introduction to an array memory processor for application specific acceleration (2017)

In this paper, we introduce an Array Memory (AM) processor. The AM processor uses a shared memory network amenable to on-chip 3D stacking. Node couplings use a 1 to K adjacency of connections in each dimension of communication of an array of nodes, such as an R×C array where R ≥ K and C ≥ K and K is a positive odd integer. This design also provides data sharing between processors within sub-arrays of the R × C array to support high-performance programmable application specific processing. A new instruction set architecture is proposed that has arithmetic instructions that do not require the specification of any source or target operand addresses. The source operands and target values are provided by separate load, store, and arithmetic instructions that are appropriately scheduled with the arithmetic instruction to be executed to reduce the storage of temporary variables for lower power implementations.
Computer-generated holograms on a CD-R disk (2004)

In order to display three-dimensional imagery by computer-generated holograms, it is necessary to draw hologram data on a medium with a resolution on the micrometer order. Conventionally, optical lithography, electron beam lithography, and special laser beam printers designed especially for holograms are used. However these systems are large and expensive, and need special environments such as darkrooms and clean rooms. We have developed a new device that draws hologram data on CD-R (Compact Disc-Recordable) disks, and which is based on a Yamaha CRW-F1 CD-R/RW drive. The drive produces holograms in a short amount of time, at low cost, and at the high resolution of 1.5&mu;m. Moreover, the drive is small, portable and does not require a special environment, so that all of the processes of Desktop Holograming, from hologram calculation to recording, are made possible with just one PC. We evaluated optical properties of the CD-R disk as a viable hologram recording media. There are characteristics that are different from conventional media, because hologram data is recorded on spiral shaped grooves. We propose a new calculation method of hologram data suitable for a CD-R disk in order to display three-dimensional imagery. Using this method, we carried out optical experiments and it showed reconstructed three-dimensional imagery on CD-R disks successfully. In this paper, we discuss the optical properties of the CD-R disk, calculation method, and the experimental results.
Measurements of secondary electron yield from materials with application to depressed collectors (2004)

One of the major problems affecting the efficiency of high-power microwave devices is that of secondary electron emission from the collector. It is a well known that the efficiency of these devices can be greatly improved by using depressed collectors comprised of low yield materials. This experimental research benchmarks existing material's secondary electron yield curves, and also investigates time dependent thermal transient effects on secondary electron yield.
Charged kaon femtoscopic correlations inppcollisions ats=7  TeV (2013)

Correlations of two charged identical kaons (${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}$) are measured in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ by the ALICE experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). One-dimensional ${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}$ correlation functions are constructed in three multiplicity and four transverse momentum ranges. The ${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}$ femtoscopic source parameters $R$ and $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ are extracted. The ${\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}{\mathrm{K}}^{\mathrm{ch}}$ correlations show a slight increase of femtoscopic radii with increasing multiplicity and a slight decrease of radii with increasing transverse momentum. These trends are similar to the ones observed for $\ensuremath{\pi}\ensuremath{\pi}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{s}}^{0}{\mathrm{K}}_{\mathrm{s}}^{0}$ correlations in $pp$ and heavy-ion collisions. However at high multiplicities, there is an indication that the one-dimensional correlation radii for charged kaons are larger than those for pions in contrast to what was observed in heavy-ion collisions at the Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider.
CONTROL OF BLOOD'S RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES USING SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES (2013)

Blood related diseases and bleeding are responsible for a large number of deaths globally every year. Over 1000 women die as a consequence of pregnancy related complications daily and over 50% of these deaths are related to excessive bleeding . In recent years, there has been a growing interest to study blood coagulation and the development of nano-mechanical diagnostics using acoustic techniques. Here we show the manipulation of blood’s rheological properties using surface acoustic waves (SAW). Contrary to the normal shear thinning behavior of blood at high shear rates, the application of SAWs results in shear thickening.