gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ionic Hydrocarbon Surfactants for Emulsification and Dispersion Polymerization in Supercritical CO2 (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTIonic Hydrocarbon Surfactants for Emulsification and Dispersion Polymerization in Supercritical CO2Bien Tan, Jun-Young Lee, and Andrew I. CooperView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, United Kingdom Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 22, 7471–7473Publication Date (Web):October 5, 2006Publication History Received22 August 2006Revised13 September 2006Published online5 October 2006Published inissue 1 October 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma061945phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma061945prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views671Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Colloids,Emulsions,Nanoparticles,Polymerization,Surfactants Get e-Alerts
Infrared and Raman spectra of NH4Pr(SO4)2 and NH4La(SO4)2 (1991)

Abstract Raman and IR spectra of NH 4 Ln(SO 4 ) 2 (Ln = Pr, La) were recorded and analysed. The observed bands indicate a centrosymmetric structure for the crystals. Two crystallographically independent SO 2− 4 groups exist in both compounds. The NH 4 + groups form strong hydrogen bonds.
A New Model for Lexical Choice for Open-Class Words. (1990)

The lexical choice process should be regarded as a constraint satisfaction problem: the generation system must choose a lexical unit that is accurate (truthful), va//d (conveys the necessary information), and preferred (maximal under a preference function). This constraint-based architecture allows a clean separation to be made between what the system knows of the object or event, and what the system wishes to communicate about the object or event. It also allows lexical choices to be biased towards basic-level (Rosch 1978) and other pre- ferred lexical units.
Process Modeling and Interfacial Behavior in the VSPA Package (1997)

Abstract Interfacial delamination is a cause for concern in electronic packages consisting of several dissimilar material systems. Even if current designs do not experience delamination as a failure mode, it is necessary to understand the effect of material and geometry properties on interfacial stresses to lower the potential of interfacial delamination in future designs. The objectives of this work are to model current and future versions of a novel peripheral array package and examine the possibilities for interfacial delamination. This paper employs 2D plane-strain parametric finite-element models to study interfacial stresses. Element birth and death features have been used to simulate the complete manufacturing process of the package. The effect of encapsulant material properties and die-attach properties on interfacial stresses is discussed. These results will serve to aid in the selection of appropriate die attach and encapsulant materials for enhanced future designs. Delamination is also studied from a fracture mechanics perspective. A separate 2D model is constructed with a crack inserted between the encapsulation/backplate interface. Principal stress vectors are plotted along the interface to qualitatively determine the potential for crack extension. Crack growth is simulated by incrementally extending the length of the crack in the mesh.
Processable Polyimides Containing ATBN Elastomers (1987)

Void-free moldings obtained without serious sacrifice in other properties. New synthesis produces high-temperture linear aromatic polyimide processed in imide form to yield tough, void-free components without serious sacrifice in other properties. Linear aromatic condensation polyimides are materials of prime choice for use as adhesives, composite matrix resins, films, coatings, and/or moldings where durability at temperatures as high as 200 to 300oC needed. Finding increasing use in aircraft and spacecraft applications.
Biosynthesis of plant hemostatic dencichine in Escherichia coli (2022)

Dencichine is a plant-derived nature product that has found various pharmacological applications. Currently, its natural biosynthetic pathway is still elusive, posing challenge to its heterologous biosynthesis. In this work, we design artificial pathways through retro-biosynthesis approaches and achieve de novo production of dencichine. First, biosynthesis of the two direct precursors L-2, 3-diaminopropionate and oxalyl-CoA is achieved by screening and integrating microbial enzymes. Second, the solubility of dencichine synthase, which is the last and only plant-derived pathway enzyme, is significantly improved by introducing 28 synonymous rare codons into the codon-optimized gene to slow down its translation rate. Last, the metabolic network is systematically engineered to direct the carbon flux to dencichine production, and the final titer reaches 1.29 g L<sup>-1</sup> with a yield of 0.28 g g<sup>-1</sup> glycerol. This work lays the foundation for sustainable production of dencichine and represents an example of how synthetic biology can be harnessed to generate unnatural pathways to produce a desired molecule.
Robust Collaborative-Relay Beamforming (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Relay communications is a promising technique to extend the range of wireless communications by forwarding the message from the sender to the intended destination. While fixed or variable-power relays have been previously investigated, this paper addresses the collaborative use of variable-phase variable-power amplify-and-forward (AF) relays for robust beamforming, with the aid of imperfect channel state information (CSI) at the sender. In particular, the maximization of the worst-case signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination terminal is studied under a bounded spherical region for the norm of the CSI error vector from the relays to the destination. Our main contribution is that we prove, under a condition on the quality of the estimated CSI, the robust-optimal collaborative-relay beamforming (CRBF) can be obtained by S-Procedure and rank relaxation techniques. In addition, a distributed algorithm is developed by examining the structure of the optimal CRBF solution. Results demonstrate a significant gain of CRBF over non-robust approaches. </para>
Transient baseline rhythm changes unmasking an uncommon arrhythmic substrate (2022)

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Resonant reradiation of electromagnetic waves by thin conductors with transverse gaps (2005)

Transverse gaps are introduced in thin-wire conductors to extend the region of phase variations of currents that are induced on them by an incident electromagnetic wave. Periodically placed gaps lead to qualitative changes in the properties of reradiated waves, such as the appearance of resonances corresponding to total reflection and total transmission of the incident wave. It is shown that total reflection occurs in a narrow band and depends very weakly on the incident angle of the illuminating radiation. This idea leads to novel filters and switches, whose operation is practically independent of the structure of the incident wave. Total resonant reflection can occur for conductors with high optical transparency, a property that is useful for various microwave diagnostic devices. Because of the increased radiation resistance of such structures, the resonant effects under consideration depend weakly on conductivity. For gratings made using these conductors with gaps stacked above a metal ground plane, it is possible to controllably collimate the rays. Expansion of the scattered fields in terms of Rayleigh's series, together with Poisson's summation formula, are used for numerical simulations of such structures.
Low-temperature grown GaAs heterojunction metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors improve speed and efficiency (2011)

Low-temperature-grown GaAs (LT-GaAs) has a picosecond recombination lifetime, making a fast photodetector material but limiting carrier mobility and collection efficiency. Here, a metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector with a thin channel of regular-temperature GaAs (RT-GaAs) above LT-GaAs provides fast transit between contacts. A p-type delta doping layer below these layers produces a vertical electric field forcing optically generated electrons towards the channel. The AlGaAs/RT-GaAs heterojunction increases Schottky contacts, and the resulting 8–22 μm pitch photodetectors have low (&amp;lt;1-nA) dark current, 12-ps (oscilloscope-limited) pulsewidth, and 0.15-A/W responsivity. The devices demonstrate that fast LT-GaAs pulses are achievable with responsivity similar to RT-GaAs.
A new cut for torsional mode quartz crystal resonators of tuning fork type (1993)

Abstract This paper proposes and describes a new cut torsional quartz resonator which is designated “TT‐Cut,” and clarifies its frequency characteristics, frequency temperature behavior, and electrical equivalent circuit parameters. First, in the analysis procedure, an equation of motion is derived from an energy method. Next, by solving the equation of motion under the boundary conditions of “free‐free bar” or “clamped‐free bar,” the frequency equations are derived as a function of thickness z 0 , width x 0 , and length y 0 . Furthermore, from the frequency equation a relationship of frequency constant ( f . y 0 ) versus thickness‐to‐width ratio Rzx (= z 0 / x 0 ) and a relationship between thickness‐to‐width ratio Rzx and cut angles (ϕ, θ) where the first‐order temperature coefficient α reaches zero are derived theoretically. As a result, numerous relationships where α reaches zero are found to exist between thickness‐to‐width ratio Rzx and cut angles (ϕ, θ). Especially, the second‐order temperature coefficient β has a small value of ‐1.16 × 10 −8 /° C 2 whose absolute value is approximately one‐third of the well‐known flexural mode quartz crystal resonator. The value of β then is‐compared with the measured data of ‐1.29 × 10 −8 /°C 2 , so that both results are found to agree sufficiently well. Finally, series resistance R 1 and a quality factor Q of a tuning‐fork‐type resonator are examined. Consequently, it is shown that a tuning‐fork‐type torsional quartz crystal resonator is obtained with a small R 1 of 2.2 to 14.4 k° and a large Q value of 276, 000 to 378, 000 in frequency range of 385 to 444 kHz.
Dysgenetic Male Pseudohermaphroditism (1978)

The lightning current waveform has a major influence on the dynamic performance of ground electrodes. While high lightning current intensity improves the dynamic grounding performance due to ionization of the soil, very fast fronted pulses might worsen the performance in case of inductive behavior. The previous analysis has often been based on quasistatic approximation that is not applicable to very fast fronted pulses. To extend the analysis to fast fronted pulses in this paper, the full-wave analysis method based on the rigorous electromagnetic-field theory approach is used. In addition, realistic lightning current waveforms are applied, which reproduce the observed concave rising portion of typical recorded lightning current pulses. Based on the simulation results, new empirical formulas applicable for slow and very fast fronted lightning current pulses are proposed. The effects of the ionization of the soil are disregarded; therefore, the new formulas are applicable for a conservative estimate of the upper bound of the impulse impedance of ground electrodes.
Organometallic chemistry of reactive organic compounds. 41. Metal-induced carbyne/carbene coupling with Buchner's diazo compound (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOrganometallic chemistry of reactive organic compounds. 41. Metal-induced carbyne/carbene coupling with Buchner's diazo compoundWolfgang A. Herrmann, Manfred L. Ziegler, and Orhan SerhadliCite this: Organometallics 1983, 2, 8, 958–962Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om50002a003https://doi.org/10.1021/om50002a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Efficient syntheses of pterulone, pterulone B and related analogues (2003)

An efficient synthesis of the three halogenated naturally occurring products, pterulone (2), pterulone B (3) and alcohol 5, and of a wide range of related unnatural analogues has been achieved starting from the two readily available 1-benzoxepine sulfonyl-containing intermediates 6a and 6b. The biological activities of pterulone and some of the synthesized analogues were tested against a wide spectrum of phytopathogenic fungi.
HyPer - a Green Monopropellant for Small Satellite Propulsion (2021)

The theory, experimentation, and implementation of a green monopropellant propulsion system for small satellites is described, including the environmental testing and integration of the system onto a CubeSat slated to launch in early 2022. HyPer, named after its propellant hydrogen peroxide, was specifically designed with the smaller size, lower power availability, and challenging launch conditions of CubeSats in mind. Instead of using a traditional monopropellant management system –pressurized reactive liquid forced to a catalyst bed – HyPer uses the vacuum of space to boil the stored liquid hydrogen peroxide, delivering a highly-tunable flow of reactive vapor to the catalyst. This lower flow rate enables HyPer to target the millinewton range of thrust without many of the hydrodynamic complications (e.g., droplet and bubble formation, and thermocapillary flows) that prevent full decomposition in low-thrust liquid systems. This thrust range allows for a wide variety of mission-enabling maneuvers for low mass systems, including (1) constellation management, (2) formation flying, (3) rendezvous, (4) extended mission durations, and (5) orbit reconfiguration. Due to the reaction at the catalyst bed, HyPer still retains the performance associated with a monopropellant system, which allows for a smaller total propulsion package. The HyPer flight unit is exhaustively detailed from design decisions to performance metrics. There are several unique design elements due to the novelty of the concept. These include a propellant management device that controls the flow of vapor for propulsive activities and also allows for oxygen venting during long storage intervals, commercial-off-the-shelf components adapted for the harsh hydrogen peroxide environment, and a nozzle assembly designed to retain as much heat as possible in the catalyst bed. Performance was characterized by direct measurements of pressure, temperature, and mass flow rate in a vacuum environment. Launch survivability and on-orbit operability were verified with vibration, thermal cycle, leak rate, and life testing. On-board flight software and ground commanding were tested prior to integration to ensure appropriate timing and activation of safety features in case of an anomaly. HyPer’s checkout testing at different levels of satellite integration and propellant loading plan are also outlined.
Supplemental Tables from Prediagnostic Smoking Is Associated with Binary and Quantitative Measures of ER Protein and <i>ESR1</i> mRNA Expression in Breast Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1. Estimated biomarker expression values for the effect of categorical smoking measures among all cases; Supplemental Table 2. Estimated biomarker expression values for the effect of categorical smoking measures among ER+ cases.&lt;/p&gt;
Dual frequency polarizing surfaces: For Ka-band applications (2012)

Engineered surfaces suitable for converting the wave polarisation from linear to circular, compliant with Tx/Rx Ka-band requirements are proposed. Two configurations are presented and their performance is assessed.
Theory of carbon-carbon pairs in silicon (1998)

Interstitial-substitutional carbon pairs $({\mathrm{C}}_{i}{\mathrm{C}}_{s})$ in silicon display interesting metastable behavior associated with two different structural configurations. In this work, we perform extensive ab initio calculations on this system. Our results show the following. (i) The metastable configuration for the neutral charge state displays ${C}_{1h}$ symmetry and it is reminiscent of the isolated interstitial carbon configuration, i.e., a split interstitial C-Si pair with the substitutional carbon bonded to the silicon interstitial. (ii) The ground-state configuration also has ${C}_{1h}$ symmetry, but it consists of a single silicon interstitial twofold coordinated in an unusual bridge configuration between two substitutional carbon atoms. With an activation energy of 0.07 eV, this configuration becomes a motional-averaged state with ${C}_{3v}$ symmetry. (iii) The ground state is lower in energy by 0.11 eV with respect to the metastable state. The jump from one configuration to the other corresponds to a simple ``bond-switching'' mechanism with a calculated energy barrier of 0.13 eV. (iv) Both configurations have two electronic states in the gap, with gap-state wave functions consistent with the local bonding of the defect complex in each case. (v) Analysis of local-mode vibrations on the ground-state configuration indicates a stronger component in one of the carbon atoms, which explains the experimentally observed isotope splittings. Vibrational frequencies for the metastable configuration are also predicted. All of these results are in satisfactory agreement with experiments.
AMIDE: A Completely Free System for Medical Imaging Data Analysis (1994)

Medical image analysis software has traditionally been com-mercial and/or encumbered by closed-box software distribu-tion. AMIDE (Amide’s a Medical Image Data Examiner) has been developed for the purpose of providing a free to use and
Sensitivity of Americium and Curium Splitting Flowsheet and Running Procedure (2012)

As part of the 2006 French Act on sustainable radioactive waste and waste management, CEA has been developing a process, (EXAm), in order to separate americium from curium and fission product downstream of COEXTM or PUREX processes. The goal is to recover Am up to 99%. The first step mainly consists of splitting americium from curium thanks to the diamide in organic phase combined with a complexing agent in high nitric acid. The low separation factor between Am and Cm leads to a very sensitive process flowsheet towards operating conditions. It is then difficult to manage high recovery yields with good purity. A model has been built taking into account complexation equilibria by TEDGA in aqueous phase and extraction equilibria in organic phase for each element. This model was put into the PAREX code to find the correct flowsheet, and then to conduct sensitivity studies regarding several parameters such as feed flow, acidity, temperature, solvent flow and reagent concentration. These studies have pointed out a high correlation between americium yield and decontamination factor and, also, an equivalence between any change of the most sensitive parameters and a change in TEDGA concentration. A running procedure was followed during two hot tests: the main concept was to start with a less efficient process and then to improve it during the test in order to reach required performances by adjusting the TEDGA flow rate.
Behavior of NDMA precursors at 21 full-scale water treatment facilities (2018)

A source-to-tap evaluation of the origin and fate of chloramination <italic>N</italic>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) precursors at 21 full-scale drinking water plants was conducted.
Defect Structure around Two Colloids in a Liquid Crystal (2003)

This Letter investigates the defect structures that arise between two colloidal spheres immersed in a nematic liquid crystal. Molecular simulations and a dynamic field theory are employed to arrive at molecular-level and mesoscopic descriptions of the systems of interest. At large separations, each sphere is surrounded by a Saturn ring defect. However, at short separations both theory and simulation predict that a third disclination ring appears in between the spheres, in a plane normal to the Saturn rings. This feature gives rise to an effective binding of the particles. The structures predicted by field theory and molecular simulations are consistent with each other.
10111 Droplet evaporation model on various film surface of Si wafers (2015)

The droplet evaporation process was categorized into two types, i.e. constant contact radius (CCR) and constant contact angle (CCA) types. The present study was aimed to construct the mathematical model to describe the droplet evaporation phenomena for CCR and CCA types. The mathematical model was developed by considering evaporation phenomena at the droplet edge. The change of droplet volumes predicted by the mathematical model were compared with the experimental data of droplet evaporation of Cu, Low-k, and Th-Ox wafers. As a result, it was confirmed that the result of developed model was in agreement with the experimental data.
Improved bounds on the effective conductivity of high-contrast suspensions (1991)

Conventional upper and lower bounds on the effective conductivity σe of two-phase composite media diverge from one another in the infinite-contrast limits (α=∞ or 0). We have derived a generally nontrivial upper bound on σe for suspensions of identical spheres when the spheres are superconducting, i.e., the upper bound does not necessarily become infinite in the limit α→∞. Similarly, a generally nontrivial lower bound on σe is derived for the aforementioned suspension when the spheres are perfect insulators, i.e., the lower bound does not necessarily vanish in the limit α→0. The bounds are computed for two models: simple cubic arrays and random arrays of spheres.