gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Multiphysics Finite Element Model of a 35A Automotive Connector Including Multiscale Rough Surface Contact (2012)

Electrical contacts influence the reliability and performance of relays, electrical connectors, high power connectors, and similar systems, and are therefore a key region which needs to be considered. In the current study, a new inclusive multiphysics (involving mechanical, electrical, and thermal fields) finite element model (FEM) of a 35A automotive connector has been developed. The contact resistance is predicted using a multiscale rough surface contact method and is embedded in the multiphysics FEM. The coupled connector model is solved to obtain stresses, displacements, contact pressures, electrical and thermal contact resistances, voltage, current density, and temperature distributions. It appears that the current flows mostly through very small regions that are usually near the contacting surfaces in the connector, thereby suggesting that the available conducting material can be more efficiently used by developing optimized connector designs. Through analytical calculations and experimental measurements of temperature rise (ΔT or change in temperature) for the cable and the connector, it is believed that a large portion of the temperature rise in actual 35A connectors is due to the Joule heating in the supply cables. The model is a powerful tool that can be used for the basic connector characterization, prototype evaluation, and design through various material properties, and surface finishes.
Passive millimeter-wave cross polarization imaging and phenomenology (2009)

Passive millimeter-wave (mmW) imaging has many specific defense, security and safety applications, due to the fact that all terrestrial bodies above absolute zero are emissive, and these wavelengths are not scattered by normal obscurants such as haze, fog, smoke, dust, sandstorms, clouds, or fabrics. We have previously demonstrated results from the construction of a 94 GHz passive mmW far-field imaging system utilizing optical upconversion, which imaged in only horizontal polarization. The effective radiometric temperature of an object is a combination of the object's surface and scattered radiometric temperatures. The surface radiometric temperature is a function of the object's emissivity, which is polarization dependent. Imaging with radiometric temperature data from both polarizations will allow a greater identification of the scene being imaged, and allow the recognition of subtle features which were not previously observable. This additional functionality is accomplished through the installation of added equipment and programming on our system, thus allowing the simultaneous data collection of imagery in both polarizations. Herein, we present our experimental procedures, results and passive mmW images obtained by using our far-field imaging system, a brief discussion of the phenomenology observed through the application of these techniques, as well as the preliminary details regarding our work on a 3-D passive mmW simulator capable of true physical polarization dependent effective emissivity and reflectivity rendering, based on the open-source Blender engine.
Supplementary Fig. S1 from Chemosensitizing effects of sphingosine kinase-1 inhibition in prostate cancer cell and animal models (2023)

Supplementary Fig. S1 from Chemosensitizing effects of sphingosine kinase-1 inhibition in prostate cancer cell and animal models
WDM passive-optical-network architecture with bidirectional optical spectral slicing (1995)

Passive optical networks (PONs) have been proposed1 as replacements for the aging copper plant in the telephone network. WDM PONs that use a wavelength-division multiplexer have distinct service advantages and marked cost disadvantages relative to conventional broadcast PONs.2 A recently proposed and demonstrated3 WDM PON uses a waveguidegrating router4 (WGR) and a single shared source to ameliorate some of the more costly attributes of previous WDM PONs. For this to be cost effective, both a multiwavelength laser and an inexpensive modulator need to be developed.
Efficient failure recovery in multi-disk multimedia servers (2002)

In this paper, we present a novel disk failure recovery method that utilizes the inherent redundancy in video streams (rather than error-correcting codes) to ensure that the user-invoked on-the-fly failure recovery process does not impose any additional load on the disk array. We also present a disk array architecture that enhances the scalability of multimedia servers by: (1) integrating the recovery process with the decompression of video streams, and thereby distributing the reconstruction process across the clients; and (2) supporting graceful degradation in the quality of recovered images with increase in the number of disk failures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Extended performance gas Cherenkov detector for gamma-ray detection in high-energy density experiments (2014)

A new Gas Cherenkov Detector (GCD) with low-energy threshold and high sensitivity, currently known as Super GCD (or GCD-3 at OMEGA), is being developed for use at the OMEGA Laser Facility and the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Super GCD is designed to be pressurized to ≤400 psi (absolute) and uses all metal seals to allow the use of fluorinated gases inside the target chamber. This will allow the gamma energy threshold to be run as low at 1.8 MeV with 400 psi (absolute) of C2F6, opening up a new portion of the gamma ray spectrum. Super GCD operating at 20 cm from TCC will be ∼400 × more efficient at detecting DT fusion gammas at 16.7 MeV than the Gamma Reaction History diagnostic at NIF (GRH-6m) when operated at their minimum thresholds.
A Chemical Alternative to Natural Gas Flaring (2003)

A novel chemical liquefaction conversion process for one-step synthesis of natural gas to a methanol/acetic acid mixture is described. Previously reported homogeneous catalytic systems for carrying out methane coupling to CO2 are shown to work equally effectively with just methane. 13C labeling studies show that both carbons in the acetic acid originate from the methane. The reaction is therefore one of auto-oxidative coupling. The true yield is lower than previously claimed because the solubility of methane in the solvent needs to be taken into account.
Effect of Amino Acids on the Nature of the Nitrogenase System in Aerobacker Aerogens (1965)

In the past 30 years many aspects of biological nitrogen fixation have been studied intensively by many different workers. These studies have included: the agents of fixation, the physiology of fixation, inhibitors of fixation, and cell free nitrogen fixation and symbiont relationships during fixation. Ten years ago workers in the field postulated the nitrogenase system was adaptive in nature. This was the result of several workers finding it necessary to add a small amount of fixed nitrogen to their cultures before they would fix atmospheric nitrogen. Thus far the only work that has been done on the inductive phenomenon of the nitrogenase system has been by other workers in this laboratory. Results from recent study in this laboratory of the effects of nitrogen supplements on nitrogen fixation suggest that amino acid supplement and the free amino acid pool play a significant role in the formation of the nitrogen fixing enzymes.
Chemoselective N‐Alkylation of Indoles in Aqueous Microdroplets (2019)

Abstract Many reactions show much faster kinetics in microdroplets than in the bulk phase. Most reported reactions in microdroplets mirror the products found in bulk reactions. However, the unique environment of microdroplets allows different chemistry to occur. In this work, we present the first chemoselective N‐alkylation of indoles in aqueous microdroplets via a three‐component Mannich‐type reaction without using any catalyst. In sharp contrast, bulk reactions using the same reagents with a catalyst yield exclusively C‐alkylation products. The N‐alkylation yield is moderate in microdroplets, up to 53 %. We extended the scope of the microdroplet reaction and obtained a series of new functionalized indole aminals, which are likely to have biological activities. This work clearly indicates that microdroplet reactions can show reactivity quite different from that of bulk‐phase reactions, which holds great potential for developing novel reactivities in microdroplets.
GEM Technical Design Report (1993)

The GEM collaboration was formed in June 1991 to develop a major detector for the SSC. The primary physics objectives of GEM are those central to the motivation for the SSC, to study high p{sub T} physics - exemplified by the search for Higgs bosons - and to search for new physics beyond the standard model. The authors present in this Technical Design Report (TDR) a detector with broad capabilities for the discovery and subsequent study of electroweak symmetry breaking, the origin of mass and flavor, and other physics requiring precise measurements of gammas, electrons, and muons - hence the name, GEM. In addition, as a design goal, they have taken care to provide the robustness needed to do the physics that requires high luminosity. Finally, good coverage and hermeticity allow the detection of missing transverse energy, E{sub T}. The GEM design emphasizes clean identification and high resolution measurement of the primary physics signatures for high p{sub T} physics. The approach is to make precise energy measurements that maximize the sensitivity to rare narrow resonances, to detect the elementary interaction products (quarks, leptons, and photons), and to build in the features required to reduce backgrounds.
Genetic Diversity and Phenetic Relationship of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) by rps16-trnK DNA Sequences (2013)

딜(Anethum graveolens L.)은 세계적으로 중요한 초본으로 양념과 약용뿐만 아니라 소화제, 진정제, 마취제, 활력제로 오래 전부터 사용되어왔다. 딜은 지중해, 서아시아, 중국과 한국 등에서 분포한다. 20개국 100계통 간 rps16-trnK3 서열을 이용하여 유전적 다양성과 유연관계를 조사하였다. 배당된 서열은 747에서 779 염기쌍으로 삽입과 결실이 있었다. 비록 일부 삽입과 결실이 발견되었지만 서열 변이는 염기 치환에 기인하였다. 동아시아 계통이 중앙아시아와 유럽보다 북미에 근연하였다. 딜의 일부 계통은 지리적 분포와 계통도에서 위치가 일치하지 않았지만 rps16-trnK로 잘 분리되었다. Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) is an annual herb with a long history and it is mainly used as a spice and as a medicine that is effective as a digestive aid, a sedative, and a narcotic, and that helps remove bad breath. Dill grows wild in the districts along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea, West Asia, China, and Korea. An estimate of the phylogenetic relationships within dill accessions in 20 countries was inferred using data from the rps16-trnK3-intergenic spacer. The aligned data sets for dill ranged from 747 to 779 nucleotides (bp) as a result of the differences in the insert/delete nucleotides. The sequence variation within the dill accessions was mostly due to nucleotide substitutions, although several small insertions and deletions can be found. Among 100 accessions from 20 countries, the Eastern Asia accessions were more closely related to the North American accessions than to the Central Asia and European accessions. Although some accessions were not congruent completely with geographical locations, the dill accessions with rps16-trnK analysis resulted in plants with better-resolved clades.
Broadly Protective Protein-Based Pneumococcal Vaccine Composed of Pneumolysin Toxoid–CbpA Peptide Recombinant Fusion Protein (2013)

The CbpA peptide-L460D pneumolysoid fusion protein was broadly protective against pneumococcal infection, with the potential for additional protection against other meningeal pathogens.
Speech Emotion Recognition Using Canonical Correlation Analysis and Probabilistic Neural Network (2008)

In this paper, automatic identification of emotional states from human speech is addressed. While several papers have been published in the literature on speech emotion recognition, the features used are taken or modified from those used for speech recognition purposes. However, not all features used for speech recognition are of equal importance for emotion recognition. This paper addresses this issue and proposes a systematic method on feature selection for emotion recognition from speech signals. The idea is to work on a well-selected small feature set and use it to remove irrelevant information. Specifically, the proposed method uses the similar idea of the Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) to estimate the linear relationship between the various features and the emotional states. The outcome is a set of features that are of most relevance to the emotions. Experiments have been conducted using the LDC database and with the use of the Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) as the classification method. The results obtained show that, comparable accuracies can be obtained for the emotional states tested with the use of only about 30% of the features considered. This implies that the computational load can be reduced greatly too.
Fine-Tuning the Weak-Link Approach:  Effect of Ligand Electron Density on the Formation of Rhodium(I) and Iridium(I) Metallomacrocycles (2004)

A novel bis(phosphinoalkyl−thioether)arene ligand with a fluorinated aryl group (1,4-(Ph&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;PCH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;CH&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;S)&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;C&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;F&lt;sub&gt;4&lt;/sub&gt;) has\nbeen synthesized. This ligand has been used to prepare symmetric bimetallic structures with Rh&lt;sup&gt;I&lt;/sup&gt; and Ir&lt;sup&gt;I&lt;/sup&gt; metal\ncenters in high yield. Unlike their nonfluorinated counterparts, these complexes can be opened into large macrocyclic\nstructures through straightforward ligand (i.e., carbon monoxide, nitriles, and isocyanides) substitution reactions at\nthe metal−thioether linkage. In addition, the symmetric bimetallic structures have been shown to react with\nappropriately sized bifunctional aromatic molecules to form three-tiered host−guest structures.
Artificial Intelligence: Modulating BET Bromodomain Inhibitor ZEN‐3694 and Enzalutamide Combination Dosing in a Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patient Using CURATE.AI, an Artificial Intelligence Platform (Adv. Therap. 6/2018) (2018)

The use of artificial intelligence and digital health has opened the doors to developing optimal treatment strategies for a broad spectrum of diseases. In article 1800104, Allan J. Pantuck, Chih-Ming Ho, Dean Ho and co-workers harness the CURATE.AI platform for dynamic BET bromodomain inhibitor ZEN-3694 and enzalutamide dosing. This AI-guided treatment approach results in a durable response and halts disease progression in a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patient. Image credit: Zac Goh, National University of Singapore.
Self-Loosening of Threaded Fasteners Due to Cyclic Transverse Loads (2005)

A mathematical model and an experimental procedure are presented for studying the self-loosening phenomenon of threaded fasteners that are subjected to cyclic transverse loads. The effect of thread and underhead friction coefficients, the hole clearance, and the frequency and the amplitude of the transverse excitation are investigated. The experimental set up is made of a single-bolt joint, which is subjected to a cyclic transverse displacement or force. For each variable, the drop in the fastener tension and the joint clamp load versus the number of cycles is recorded and analyzed. In the mathematical model, the linear and angular motion of the bolt head is formulated in terms of the system properties and the external cyclic transverse excitation. The mathematical model provides the bolt rotation in the loosening direction, which causes the partial or full loss of the clamp load. An iterative MATLAB code is developed and used for the calculation of tension drop-off in the fastener tension due the self-loosening. Mathematical and experimental results are compared for various levels of system and external loading variables.
Data from MAPK Pathway Inhibitors Sensitize BRAF-Mutant Melanoma to an Antibody-Drug Conjugate Targeting GPNMB (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; To determine if BRAF and/or MEK inhibitor–induced GPNMB expression renders melanomas sensitive to CDX-011, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting GPNMB.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; The Cancer Genome Atlas melanoma dataset was interrogated for a panel of MITF-regulated melanosomal differentiation antigens, including GPNMB. BRAF-mutant melanoma cell lines treated with BRAF or MEK inhibitors were assessed for GPNMB expression by RT-qPCR, immunoblot, and FACS analyses. Transient siRNA-mediated knockdown approaches were used to determine if MITF is requirement for treatment-induced GPNMB upregulation. GPNMB expression was analyzed in serial biopsies and serum samples from patients with melanoma taken before, during, and after disease progression on MAPK inhibitor treatment. Subcutaneous injections were performed to test the efficacy of MAPK inhibitors alone, CDX-011 alone, or their combination in suppressing melanoma growth.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; A MITF-dependent melanosomal differentiation signature is associated with poor prognosis in patients with this disease. MITF is increased following BRAF and MEK inhibitor treatment and induces the expression of melanosomal differentiation genes, including GPNMB. GPNMB is expressed at the cell surface in MAPK inhibitor–treated melanoma cells and is also elevated in on-treatment versus pretreatment biopsies from melanoma patients receiving MAPK pathway inhibitors. Combining BRAF and/or MEK inhibitors with CDX-011, an antibody-drug conjugate targeting GPNMB, is effective in causing melanoma regression in preclinical animal models and delays the recurrent melanoma growth observed with MEK or BRAF/MEK inhibitor treatment alone.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; The combination of MAPK pathway inhibitors with an antibody-drug conjugate targeting GPNMB is an effective therapeutic option for patients with melanoma. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(24); 6088–98. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Gazette, Issue 22 (2015): FCL - Future Cities Laboratory (2015)

SINGAPORE -Employing robotic technology to construction work has the potential to dramatically increase productivity of the building industry, while providing constant and reliable high quality.Tiling work in particular is very labour intensive.It is a slow and manual process, which is prone to errors.In addition, the quality of workmanship decreases as skilled workers become increasingly scarce, a situation that is expected to worsen over the coming decade.This research outlines the development of an on-site robotic tiling machine that can deliver high accuracy at more than double the speed of conventional work.A key aspect is that the machine can be applied as a robotic co-worker that can safely work alongside humans without requiring particular security measures.Thus, it can easily be integrated in the existing construction workflow, lowering the entry barrier for adopting this new technology in the building industry.While the industrial revolution has greatly increased productivity of tile production, the actual process of tiling has seen little innovation and thus remained largely unchanged.Tiling work is very labour-intensive, it is a slow and manual process.Laying tiles in a visually appealing and durable manner is a non-trivial task requiring skilled labour and achieving consistent process quality is a challenge (Wan 2004).In addition, labour shortage is an increasing problem in the construction sector as people prefer cleaner, less strenuous and better paid jobs, a situation that is expected to worsen over the coming decade.This labour shortage will first create capacity and/or quality bottlenecks as today's workers retire.Later it will drive up construction costs as new workers will have to be attracted by offering higher wages and better benefits.
Massively parallel low-cost pick-and-place of optoelectronic devices by electrochemical fluidic processing (2000)

We describe a novel electrochemical technique for the nonlithographic, fluidic pick-and-place assembly of optoelectronic devices by electrical and optical addressing. An electrochemical cell was developed that consists of indium tin oxide (ITO) and n -type silicon substrates as the two electrode materials and deionized water (R = 18 MOmega) as the electrolytic medium between the two electrodes. 0.8-20-microm-diameter negatively charged polystyrene beads, 50-100-microm-diameter SiO(2) pucks, and 50-microm LED's were successfully integrated upon a patterned silicon substrate by electrical addressing. In addition, 0.8-microm-diameter beads were integrated upon a homogeneous silicon substrate by optical addressing. This method can be applied to massively parallel assembly (>1000 x 1000 arrays) of multiple types of devices (of a wide size range) with very fast (a few seconds) and accurate positioning.
A comparison of LCL and LC bi-directional inductive power transfer systems (2014)

Bi-directional inductive power transfer (BD-IPT) systems are suitable for applications such as wireless integration of Electric Vehicles (EV) with the utility grid. This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of the performance between the two most widely used BD-IPT systems in EV applications - a parallel tuned inductor-capacitor-inductor type BD-IPT system and a series tuned inductor-capacitor type BDIPT system. Mathematical and simulation models for each system are developed to investigate both their behavior and sensitivity to variations in circuit parameters. The validity of the mathematical models is verified and the efficiency of each system is investigated using simulated results based on 2.7 kW prototype systems. The comparison of performances between the two systems is expected to be useful when selecting a BD-IPT system for a given application.
Novel Thioredoxin Inhibitors Paradoxically Increase Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-α Expression but Decrease Functional Transcriptional Activity, DNA Binding, and Degradation (2006)

AJM290 and AW464 are inhibitors of HIF-1alpha CAD transcription activity and DNA binding, but they also inhibit degradation of HIF, in contrast to other Trx inhibitors.
Development and validation of a short 31P cardiac magnetic resonance spectroscopy protocol (2010)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Single-shot link discovery for terahertz wireless networks (2020)

Of the many challenges in building a wireless network at terahertz frequencies, link discovery remains one of the most critical and least explored. In a network of mobile receivers using narrow directional beams, how do the nodes rapidly locate each other? This direction information is crucial for beam forming and steering, which are fundamental operations for maintaining link quality. As the carrier frequency increases into the terahertz range, the conventional methods used by existing networks become prohibitively time-consuming, so an alternative strategy is required. Using a leaky-wave antenna with a broadband transmitter, we demonstrate a single-shot approach for link discovery which can be accomplished much more rapidly. Our method relies on measurements of the width of a broad spectrum, and does not require any information about the phase of the received signal. This protocol, which relies on a detailed understanding of the radiation from leaky-wave devices, offers a realistic approach for enabling mobility in directional networks.