gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inactivation of monoamine oxidase by 3,3-dimethyl analogues of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium ion (1989)

It was previously shown (Sayre, L. M., Arora, P. K., Feke, S. C., and Urbach, F. L. (1986) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108, 2464-2466) that 1,3,3-trimethyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium salt (the 3,3-dimethyl analogue of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-2,3-dihydropyridinium ion or MPDP+) is a good model for MPDP+ on the basis of its redox potential and was used to show that MPDP+ is unlikely to possess reactivity characteristics which could contribute to the neurotoxicity observed with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). 3,3-Dimethyl-MPTP and 3,3-dimethyl-MPDP+ are now shown to interact with monoamine oxidase similar to MPTP and MPDP+, but only in the presence of beta-mercaptoethanol (beta-ME). In the absence of beta-ME, mixed competitive-noncompetitive inhibition kinetics are observed for 3,3-dimethyl-MPTP and 3,3-dimethyl-MPDP+, whereas competitive inhibition kinetics are exhibited by MPTP. In the presence of beta-ME, however, 3,3-dimethyl-MPTP also is a competitive inhibitor. 3,3-Dimethyl-MPTP and 3,3-dimethyl-MPDP+ also are time-dependent inactivators of monoamine oxidase, having identical kinetic constants, as is the case with MPTP and MPDP+. In the presence of beta-ME, but not glutathione, the rate of inactivation increases dramatically. When [beta-ME] and [3,3-dimethyl-MPTP] or [3,3-dimethyl-MPDP+] are varied, there is an optimal concentration of 1.0 mM for all three at which maximal inactivation rates are obtained. Another dramatic effect of the beta-ME is to lower the partition ratio for inactivation from greater than 50 to about one. This suggests that the effect of the beta-ME toward inactivation may be to induce a conformational change in the enzyme, which reorients an active site nucleophile for attack on the activated species. Support for involvement of an active site nucleophile is the finding that inactivation does not lead to a flavin adduct. Three possible mechanisms for inactivation of monoamine oxidase by MPTP and MPDP+ are suggested.
Environmental Toxin Screening Using Human-Derived 3D Bioengineered Liver and Cardiac Organoids (2018)

3D organoids have significant utility to be deployed in additional toxicity screening applications, such as future development of treatments to mitigate exposures, drug screening, and environmental toxin detection.
Stretchable microfluidic integrating linear dilutions for quantitative multi-step assays (2017)

International audience
Isolation, Synthesis and Derivatization of Xylodextrins (2005)

Abstract A series of xylodextrins has been produced by enzymatic or hydrothermal degradation of industrial xylans. For further synthetic use, the oligomers were converted into per‐ O ‐acetylated xylooligomers which were separated by silica gel chromatography to furnish preparative amounts of xylobiose up to xylopentaose. In a model reaction, selective anomeric deacetylation and treatment with trichloroacetonitrile furnished a xylobiosyl donor, which was converted into the β‐methyl glycoside. In addition, methyl β‐ D ‐xylopyranoside was transformed into a suitable glycosyl acceptor via tosylation followed by a double displacement reaction at O‐4, allowing for further chain elongation and modification at the reducing xylopyranosyl unit.
Endoskopische Optische Kohärenztomographie zur Bestimmung der Anatomie des gesunden Trommelfells in vivo (2022)

Einleitung Für die Evaluation der diagnostischen Wertigkeit der optischen Kohärenztomographie (OCT) ist die Kenntnis der gesunden Trommelfellgeometrie entscheidend. In der Literatur finden sich hierzu vorwiegend histologische Daten, oft aus Kleinserien. Systematische Untersuchungen in vivo liegen nicht vor.
A Deep Learning Framework for Breast Tumor Detection and Localization from Microwave Imaging Data (2021)

Breast Microwave Imaging (BMI) has emerged as a viable alternative to conventional breast cancer screening techniques due to its favorable features and a higher rate of detection. This paper presents a deep learning framework consisting of deep neural networks with convolutional layers to facilitate the process of tumor detection, localization, and characterization from scattering parameter measurements and metadata features. The developed deep learning framework outperforms other techniques in the literature in terms of detection accuracy, tumor localization, and characterization. The promising results of this paper demonstrate the potential and benefits of performing BMI via deep neural networks trained on practical scattering parameter measurements.
Predicting the Genotoxicity of Secondary and Aromatic Amines Using Data Subsetting To Generate a Model Ensemble (2003)

Binary quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models are developed to classify a data set of 334 aromatic and secondary amine compounds as genotoxic or nongenotoxic based on information calculated solely from chemical structure. Genotoxic endpoints for each compound were determined using the SOS Chromotest in both the presence and absence of an S9 rat liver homogenate. Compounds were considered genotoxic if assay results indicated a positive genotoxicity hit for either the S9 inactivated or S9 activated assay. Each compound in the data set was encoded through the calculation of numerical descriptors that describe various aspects of chemical structure (e.g. topological, geometric, electronic, polar surface area). Furthermore, five additional descriptors that focused on the secondary and aromatic nitrogen atoms in each molecule were calculated specifically for this study. Descriptor subsets were examined using a genetic algorithm search engine interfaced with a k-Nearest Neighbor fitness evaluator to find the most information-rich subsets, which ultimately served as the final predictive models. Models were chosen for their ability to minimize the total number of misclassifications, with special attention given to those models that possessed fewer occurrences of positive toxicity hits being misclassified as nontoxic (false negatives). In addition, a subsetting procedure was used to form an ensemble of models using different combinations of compounds in the training and prediction sets. This was done to ensure that consistent results could be obtained regardless of training set composition. The procedure also allowed for each compound to be externally validated three times by different training set data with the resultant predictions being used in a "majority rules" voting scheme to produce a consensus prediction for each member of the data set. The individual models produced an average training set classification rate of 71.6% and an average prediction set classification rate of 67.7%. However, the model ensemble was able to correctly classify the genotoxicity of 72.2% of all prediction set compounds.
Plasma-based longitudinal mutation monitoring as a potential predictor of disease progression in subjects with adenocarcinoma in advanced non-small cell lung cancer (2020)

Longitudinal monitoring of mutational changes in plasma has the potential to predict disease progression early. The presence of ctDNA mutations during first-line treatment is a risk factor for earlier disease progression in advanced NSCLC.
Current Responses to an Impulse Laser Light Illumination in Semiconductor Electrodes (1996)

An impulse current response to a short laser pulse was measured using a current‐voltage converter with a zero input resistance, which enabled us to provide any band bending of a semiconductor electrode under a potentiostatic condition. The current transient can monitor a net charge‐transfer process across a semiconductor‐electrolyte interface because the external resistance is almost zero. The current transient was found to be characterized by a relaxation time where Rdl, Rsol, and Csc are the diffuse double‐layer resistance, the solution resistance, and the depletion layer capacitance of the semiconductor. Csc obtained from the analysis of the current transient gave an ideal Mott‐Schottky plot. By intentionally increasing the diffuse layer thickness with which Rdl and then τ increase, the dynamics of protons generated as an oxidation product of water was confirmed to be monitored from the current transient.
Supplemental Figure 3 from MHC Class I Loss Is a Frequent Mechanism of Immune Escape in Papillary Thyroid Cancer That Is Reversed by Interferon and Selumetinib Treatment <i>In Vitro</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure 3. &lt;b&gt;Effect of specific BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt; or radiation on PTC cell line MHC class I expression.&lt;/b&gt; (A) The effect of in vitro treatment of PTC cell lines with BRAF&lt;sup&gt;V600E&lt;/sup&gt;-specific tyrosine kinase inhibitors vemurafenib or PLX 4720 on HLA-ABC expression as measured by flow cytometry. (B) The effect of 30 or 60Gy radiation treatment on HLA-ABC expression by PTC cell lines as measured by flow cytometry with data shown as mean +SEM. Representative flow cytometry histograms for HLA-ABC expression are shown to the right. (C) T cell activation measured as the CD25&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; fraction of CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; T cells or (D) IL-2 production in PBL-PTC cell line co-cultures after PTC tumor cells were pre-treated with radiation. For C and D, data shown are mean (n=4) +SEM, with statistically significant difference from vehicle-treated PTC indicated by *** p&lt;0.001.&lt;/p&gt;
Leakage grading of inputs to CMOS logic (1998)

Supply voltages and threshold voltages continue to be aggressively scaled down in order to obtain power reduction, performance improvement, and increasing integration density. This leads to leakage current becoming a much more significant component of power than it has been in the past. We have previously shown that substantial leakage reduction can be achieved in single Vt circuits by turning off stitcks of transistors. A theoretical model was also derived which predicts the quiescent leakage current and the idle time required to reach quiescent levels. In this report, we will review the leakage estimation model, outline a method for evaluating the leakage assocated with an input vector, and use the model to identify inputs which minimize leakage in a variety of test cases.
Properties of Cellulose/TiO2Fibers Processed from Ionic Liquids (2010)

Continuous composite fibers of cellulose with dispersed TiO2 particles were pulled by a dry-jet wet spinning process from 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([C2mim]Cl) ionic liquid solutions. The effects of various factors such as cellulose source, degree of polymerization, and concentration, along with the concentration of the additive were evaluated. The surface texture of the fibers depends greatly on the concentration of TiO2 used, as the particles have the tendency to outcrop the surface. Five weight percent TiO2 was found to be the optimal concentration that didn’t cause significant changes in the mechanical properties of the fibers.
Near-field waveguide trapping and tracking of particles using fluorescence imaging (2014)

The evanescent field from an optical waveguide is used for near-field trapping and transporting of fluorescent microspheres. Out-of-focus fluorescence imaging is used to track the trapped particle in 3-D with nanometer precision (&lt;100 nm). A prior calibration is done to determine the relationship between the z-coordinate and the radius of the outermost diffraction ring in the image of the sphere. This gives precise information about how much the particle moves up and down during propulsion along the waveguide. Results are presented for trapping and tracking a 1 μm fluorescent particle on a strip waveguide.
Extraction of type‐IV collagenase/gelatinase from plasma membranes of human cancer cells (1990)

Abstract Tumor proteinases are considered to be important in the process of cancer invasion and metastasis. We have proposed that the surface membrane localization of these proteinases places them in an optimal site to facilitate the invasion of surrounding extracellular matrix. In this study, we have used the organic solvent, n‐butanol, and the detergent, n‐octylglucoside, to sequentially extract metalloproteinases from crude plasma membranes of human RWP‐1 pancreatic cancer cells. Anion exchange chromatography and gel permeation chromatography were employed to further purify enzymes with the capacity to degrade gelatin, type‐IV collagen, and carboxymethylated transferrin. Gelatin zymography was used to demonstrate proteinase bands of 92, 70 and 62kDa. Immunoblotting of solubilized, partially purified pancreatic cancer plasma membrane proteins using polyclonal rabbit antibodies, which have specificity for type‐IV collagenase/ gelatinase, resulted in the recognition of a 70‐kDa protein, but not the 92‐kDa gelatinase. A type‐IV collagenase/gelatinase of 68kDa was similarly identified in A2058 human melanoma cancer cell plasma membranes.
Optimized surfaces for second harmonic generation from surface-plasmon polaritons: theory and experiment (1995)

In connection with recent theoretical predictions, enhancement of optical second harmonic generation (SHG) by diffractive coupling to the silver surface-plasmon polariton (SPP) mode is shown experimentally to be maximized on a biperiodic corrugated surface. Optimized first- order diffractive coupling of incident radiation to the SPP maximizes resonance enhancement of the surface-localized electromagnetic field. Through the nonlinear susceptibility of the silver surface, an SPP-enhanced, evanescent, second harmonic wave is coherently generated which is selectively scattered into the second harmonic specular order by the second spatial harmonic in the surface profile. Biperiodic surfaces with appropriately optimized spatial harmonic composition are shown to provide enhancements in second harmonic relection of up to 10<SUP>4</SUP> over the corresponding flat surface response. Using the hologrpahic technique of Breidne et al. (Fourier blaze holography), biperiodic surfaces were fabricated which consisted of a superposition of an 833 nm fundamental and a phase- and amplitude-controlled second spatial harmonic. The results of angle-resolved SHG experiments are presented along with atomic force microscopy line scans of the surface profiles. The effect of coupling to the SPP mode at both the incident and second harmonic frequencies is also discussed.
Al-2.73 Microfluidics (2021)

As increasingly smaller molecular materials and material structures are devised or developed for technological applications, the demands on the processes of lithography now routinely include feature sizes that are of the order of 10 nm. In reaching such a fine level of resolution, the methods of lithography have increased markedly in sophistication and brought into play 2terminology that is unfamiliar, on the one hand, to scientists tasked with the development of new lithographic materials or, on the other, to the engineers who design and operate the complex equipment that is required in modern-day processing. Publications produced by scientists need to be understood by engineers and vice versa, and these commonly arise from collaborative research that draws heavily on the terminology of two or more of the traditional disciplines. It is developments in polymer science and material science that lead progress in areas that cross traditional boundaries, such as microlithography. This document provides the exact definitions of a selection of unfamiliar terms that researchers and practitioners from different disciplines might encounter.
Locus filters (2022)

In this paper, directly following from Gage [J. Opt. Soc. Am.23, 46(1993)10.1364/JOSA.23.000046], we study the design of a particular theoretical filter for photography, that we call the locus filter. It is built in such a way that a Wien-Planckian light (of any temperature) is spectrally mapped to another Wien-Planckian light. We provide a physical basis for designing such a filter based on the Wien approximation of Planck's law, and we prove that there exists a unique set of filters that have the desired property. While locus filtered Wien-Planckian lights are on the locus, the amount they shift depends both on the locus filter used and on the color temperature of the light. In experiments, we analyze the nature of temperature change when applying different locus filters and we show that real lights shift more or less as if they were Planckians in terms of the changes in their correlated color temperatures. We also study the quality of the filtered light in terms of distance from the Planckian locus and color rendering index.
A hexamer peptide ligand that binds selectively to staphylococcal enterotoxin B: isolation from a solid phase combinatorial library (2004)

By screening a solid-phase combinatorial peptide library, a short peptide ligand, YYWLHH, has been discovered that binds with high affinity and selectivity to staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), but only weakly to other SEs that share sequence and structural homology with SEB. Using column affinity chromatography with an immobilized YYWLHH stationary phase, it was possible to separate SEB quantitatively from Staphylococcus aureus fermentation broth, a complex mixture of proteins, carbohydrates and other biomolecules. The immobilized peptide was also used to purify native SEB from a mixture containing denatured and hydrolyzed SEB, and showed little cross-reactivity with other SEs. To our knowledge this is the first report of a highly specific short peptide ligand for SEB. Such a ligand is a potential candidate to replace antibodies for detection, removal and purification strategies for SEB.
Dilongifolylborane: a new effective chiral hydroborating agent with intermediate steric requirements (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleDilongifolylborane: a new effective chiral hydroborating agent with intermediate steric requirementsPrabhakar K. Jadhav and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1981, 46, 14, 2988–2990Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00327a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00327a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views381Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunogenomic analyses associate immunological alterations with mismatch repair defects in prostate cancer (2018)

We acknowledge funding support from Movember, Prostate Cancer UK, The Prostate Cancer Foundation, SU2C, and Cancer Research UK.
Stability of the multiple reciprocity method for transient heat conduction (1993)

Abstract The multiple reciprocity method is based on using higher‐order fundamental solutions to eliminate domain integrals encountered in transient boundary integral formulations. The paper considers the numerical stability of this approach through an eigenvalue decomposition of the system matrix. We demonstrate that the multiple reciprocity method for transient heat conduction is stable only for appropriately chosen time steps.
Traumatic Instability of the Wrist (2002)

Puzas, J. Edward PhD; O'Keefe, Regis J. MD, PhD; Lieberman, Jay R. MD Author Information
Towards the principled engineering of knowledge (1989)

The acquisition of expert knowledge is fundamental to t,he cre;ltion of expert syst,ems The conventional ~pp1oach to building expert syst,ems assumes that the knowlcdgc exists, and that iL is feasible to find 2x1 cxpert who has the knowledge and can articulat,e it in rollaboraLion with a knowlcdgc engineer This al title considers i.he practice of knowledge enginerling when t,hesc asslm~ptions can not bc strictly jusi,ified It tllaws on our cxpcricnccs in the design of VLSI design methods, and in the prototyping of an expert assistant fol VI31 design WC suggest. rncthods for expanding the practice of knowledge engineering when applied to fields t.hat ale fragmrnt,ed and undergoing rapid evolution We ouf,line how the expanded practice can shape and accelerate the process of knowlcdgc generation and refinement Ollr examples also clarify some of (.he una~ ticulatcd present pl ad.ice of knowledge cnginccring Thanks cspccially to Daniel Boblow for helping us to discover, refine, and al ticulate many of these ideas We are also grateful to John Se+ Brown, Douglas Lcnat, C:hrist.opher Tong, and Michael Williams for their t.horough reviews of drafts of this article Thanks also to the n~emhe~s of t,he KBVLSI project: Alan Bell, IIarry Uarrow, Daniel Hohrow, ilarold Brown, Phil Gerring, Gordon Foystel, Cordon Novak, Christopher Tong, and Narindcr Singh, who have participated in the knowlcdgc cnginccl ing and expel t systems aspec1.s of t.he I.“oject The synergist.ic cornhinxf,ion of their contributions to the project, merging idcns from a wide variety of viewpoints, has given us all a sense of excitcmcnt and common pul pose Thanks to the Xerox CTorporation for providing the intellectual and computat.ional environment, in which this work could Ix done This research is hcing rondllcted as pal t of the KBVLSI project, in collaboraCon with the Hcuristir Programming Project at Stanfold University The Stanfold component of the research is funded by the Defense Adva uced Research PI oje(%s Agency A STRONG MOTIVATION
Impact of a nitrified biofilter on NDMA formation (2012)

An emerging process to control bromate formation is to add chloramines upstream of the ozone contactor (Buffle et al., 2004). As part of this process, ammonia can be transformed?via nitrification?on a biologically active filter (Yun et al., 2009). In previous demonstration-scale testing, a nitrified biofilter resulted in an increase in the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during post-chloramination (Krasner et al., 2010). It was hypothesized that soluble microbial products (SMPs) from the nitrifiers were a source of NDMA precursors. In other research, laboratory-generated SMPs from activated sludge were found to contribute to the formation of NDMA (Krasner et al., 2008). In addition, in the demonstration-scale tests, there was more formation in the biofilter effluent at pH 9 at 5°C than at 25°C. However, it was not understand why this phenomenon occurred.
Conformation of endothelin in aqueous ethylene glycol determined by 1H‐NMR and molecular dynamics simulations (1991)

The solution conformation of a 21-residue vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1) in water-ethylene glycol has been determined by two-dimensional 1H-NMR spectroscopy and constrained molecular dynamics simulations. The N-terminus (residues 1-4) appears to undergo conformational averaging and no single structure consistent with the NMR constraints could be found for this region. Residues 5-8 form a turn, and residues 9-16 exist in a helical conformation. A flexible 'hinge' between residues 8-9 allows various orientations of the turn relative to the helix. Another 'hinge' at residue 17 connects the extended C-terminus to the bicyclic core region (residues 1-15). Residues important for binding and biological activity form a contiguous surface on one side of the helix, with the two disulfides extending from the other side of the helix.