gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oral Administration of Hen Egg White Ovotransferrin Attenuates the Development of Colitis Induced by Dextran Sodium Sulfate in Mice (2015)

Ovotransferrin (OVT), one of the major hen egg white proteins, was shown to possess antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro. However, there is no information regarding the in vivo preventative effect in chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The aim of the present study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of OVT in a mouse model of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis. OVT (50 or 250 mg/kg BW) was given orally for 14 days to female BALB/c mice, and 5% DSS (MW 36-50 kDa) was used to induce acute colitis (days 7-14) via drinking water. The current in vivo study demonstrated that OVT significantly reduced clinical signs, weight loss, shortening of the colon, and inflammatory cytokine markers of disease. The histopathological analysis of the colon revealed that OVT reduced histological scores. These results indicate that the use of OVT may be a potential promising candidate for the prevention of IBD.
Biosynthesis of monoterpenes. Stereochemistry of the enzymatic cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol. (1988)

The conversion of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol is considered to proceed by the initial isomerization of the substrate to (-)-(3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate and the subsequent cyclization of this bound intermediate. Incubation of (1R)-[2-14C,1-3H]- and (1S)-[2-14C,1-3H]geranyl pyrophosphate with a preparation of (-)-endo-fenchol cyclase (synthase) from common fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) gave labeled product of unchanged 3H:14C ratio in both cases, and each was dehydrated to a mixture of alpha- and beta-fenchene which were oxidized to the corresponding alpha- and beta-fenchocamphorones, again without change in isotope ratio. The location of the tritium label was deduced in each case by stereoselective, base-catalyzed exchange of the exo-alpha-hydrogen of the derived ketone. The findings indicated that the configuration at C1 of the substrate was retained in the enzymatic transformation to (-)-endo-fenchol which is entirely consistent with the syn-isomerization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (3R)-linalyl pyrophosphate and cyclization of the latter via the anti-endo-conformer. These absolute stereochemical elements of the reaction sequence were confirmed by the enzymatic conversion of (3R)-1Z-[1-3H]linalyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol and by the location of the tritium in the derived fenchocamphorones as before. The summation of the results fully defines the overall stereochemistry of the coupled isomerization and cyclization of geranyl pyrophosphate to (-)-endo-fenchol.
Scaling and optimization of the radiation temperature in dynamic hohlraums (2001)

A quasianalytic model of the dynamic hohlraum is presented. Results of the model are compared to both experiments and full numerical simulations with good agreement. The computational simplicity of the model allows one to find the behavior of the hohlraum radiation temperature as a function of the various parameters of the system and thus find optimum parameters as a function of the driving current. The model is used to investigate the benefits of ablative standoff and quasispherical Z pinches.
Influence of pore structure and impregnation–drying conditions on the solid distribution in porous support materials (2016)

Deposition of solids within porous materials from a drying solution is an important phenomenon in numerous natural and industrial processes. A profound knowledge about influences of different parameters on the solid distribution in the material is required for an effective targeted impregnation process. Experimental investigations and simulations are used to study the influence of pore structure, drying conditions, and solute concentration on the solid distribution in porous support materials after impregnation and drying. It is found that low drying rates lead to strong solid accumulation at the material surface, whereas high drying rates reduce the solute transport to the surface and result in more uniform solid distributions. A small pore diameter and distribution width reduce solute migration during drying and lead to uniform solid distributions without being influenced by the drying conditions. A higher initial concentration of the impregnation solution causes pronounced surface accumulation, while low initial solute concentrations result in more uniform distributions. Fundamental effects during drying are captured in an existing pore network model by adaption of experimental pore structures and impregnation–drying conditions, resulting in a good general agreement of experiments with simulations.
Hierarchical nanostructures and self-assembly of polymers containing metal complex in the side chain. (2007)

Hierarchical nanostructures and self-assembly of polymers containing metal complex in the side chain.
Potential High Resolution Dosimeters For MRT (2010)

Microbeam Radiation Therapy (MRT) uses highly collimated, quasi‐parallel arrays of X‐ray microbeams of 50–600 keV, produced by 2nd and 3rd generation synchrotron sources, such as the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) in the U.S., and the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) in France, respectively. High dose rates are necessary to deliver therapeutic doses in microscopic volumes, to avoid spreading of the microbeams by cardiosynchronous movement of the tissues. A small beam divergence and a filtered white beam spectrum in the energy range between 30 and 250 keV results in the advantage of steep dose gradients with a sharper penumbra than that produced in conventional radiotherapy. MRT research over the past 20 years has allowed a vast number of results from preclinical trials on different animal models, including mice, rats, piglets and rabbits. Microbeams in the range between 10 and 100 micron width show an unprecedented sparing of normal radiosensitive tissues as well as preferential damage to malignant tumor tissues. Typically, MRT uses arrays of narrow (∼25–100 micron‐wide) microplanar beams separated by wider (100–400 microns centre‐to‐centre, c‐t‐c) microplanar spaces. We note that thicker microbeams of 0.1–0.68 mm used by investigators at the NSLS are still called microbeams, although some invesigators in the community prefer to call them minibeams. This report, however, limits it discussion to 25–100 μm microbeams. Peak entrance doses of several hundreds of Gy are surprisingly well tolerated by normal tissues. High resolution dosimetry has been developed over the last two decades, but typical dose ranges are adapted to dose delivery in conventional Radiation Therapy (RT). Spatial resolution in the sub‐millimetric range has been achieved, which is currently required for quality assurance measurements in Gamma‐knife RT. Most typical commercially available detectors are not suitable for MRT applications at a dose rate of 16000 Gy/s, micron resolution and a dose range over several orders of magnitude. This paper will give an overview of all dosimeters tested in the past at the ESRF with their advantages and drawbacks. These detectors comprise: Ionization chambers, Alanine Dosimeters, MOSFET detectors, Gafchromic® films, Radiochromic polymers, TLDs, Polymer gels, Fluorescent Nuclear Track Detectors (Al2O3:C, Mg single crystal detectors), OSL detectors and Floating Gate‐based dosimetry system. The aim of such a comparison shall help with a decision on which of these approaches is most suitable for high resolution dose measurements in MRT. The principle of these detectors will be presented including a comparison for some dosimeters exposed with the same irradiation geometry, namely a 1×1 cm5 field size with microbeam exposures at the surface, 0.1 cm and 1 cm in depth of a PMMA phantom. For these test exposures, the most relevant irradiation parameters for future clinical trials have been chosen: 50 micron FWHM and 400 micron c‐t‐c distance. The experimental data are compared with Monte Carlo calculations.
MRI and Quantification of Draining Lymph Node Function in Inflammatory Arthritis (2007)

While erosion and tissue necrosis are the end-stage result of inflammatory arthritis, factors that can predict their initiation and severity are unknown. In an effort to identify these prognostic factors we developed contrast-enhanced (CE)-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the mouse knee to assess the pathogenesis of inflammatory arthritis. Using this approach to study synovitis and draining lymph node (LN) function we first demonstrated that the LNs of TNF-Tg mice at 5 months are significantly larger and have greater enhancement in comparison to wild-type (WT) mice. This difference correlated with the abundance of dilated LYVE-1+ sinuses in the draining LNs. Dynamic CE-MRI further demonstrated differences between TNF-Tg and WT mice in the kinetics of LN enhancement. We established an LN capacity (LNcap) measurement that is a function of both volume and CE. We demonstrated that TNF-Tg mice have a 15-fold increase over WT levels at 5 months age (P < 0.001). Amelioration of arthritis with anti-TNF therapy resulted in a significant decrease in LNcap (P < 0.0001) that approached WT levels within 4 weeks. Interestingly, this functional decrease was not associated with a reduction of lymphatic vessels, which persist after therapy in both LNs and synovium. To assess the relationship between draining LN function and synovitis, a regression analysis was performed that demonstrated a significant negative correlation (R(2) = 0.63, P = 0.01) between LNcap and synovial volume. TNF-Tg mice with a lower LNcap display an accelerated progression of arthritis. These results indicate a protective function of enhanced lymphatic drainage in inflammatory arthritis.
Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNAs 221 and 222 Bypass Quiescence and Compromise Cell Survival (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from MicroRNAs 221 and 222 Bypass Quiescence and Compromise Cell Survival
Optical interconnections and their impact on computing (2003)

Summary form only given, as follows. A computing system can be regarded as a collection on nonlinear gates, within which signals must interact, and interconnections between those gates and between groups of gates for communications. The use of optics at an interconnect technology is addressed. The appropriateness of optics as an interconnect solution varies through the hierarchy of levels of interconnect present in computing. At the machine-to-machine level there is no argument about the success of optics as an interconnect medium. At the lowest level, gate-to-gate, it can be shown that optics will probably not be competitive with electronic solutions. Somewhere between the highest level and the lowest level there is a level where optics becomes noncompetitive. Just where this level may be is a subject of much interest and research. From the knowledge now in hand, it appears likely that optics will provide a competitive advantage at those levels where terminated transmission lines would otherwise be required. However, the relatively short lifetimes (less than 100 h) of laser diodes will limit the number of such devices that can be used within a single machine and therefore will influence how low in the interconnect hierarchy optics can penetrate.
Oncogenic Deregulation of EZH2 as an Opportunity for Targeted Therapy in Lung Cancer (2020)

As a master regulator of chromatin function, the lysine methyltransferase EZH2 orchestrates transcriptional silencing of developmental gene networks. Overexpression of EZH2 is commonly observed in human epithelial cancers, such as non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), yet definitive demonstration of malignant transformation by deregulated EZH2 remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate the causal role of EZH2 overexpression in NSCLC with new genetically-engineered mouse models of lung adenocarcinoma. Deregulated EZH2 silences normal developmental pathways leading to epigenetic transformation independent from canonical growth factor pathway activation. As such, tumors feature a transcriptional program distinct from KRAS- and EGFR-mutant mouse lung cancers, but shared with human lung adenocarcinomas exhibiting high EZH2 expression. To target EZH2-dependent cancers, we developed a novel and potent EZH2 inhibitor JQEZ5 that promoted the regression of EZH2-driven tumors in vivo, confirming oncogenic addiction to EZH2 in established tumors and providing the rationale for epigenetic therapy in a subset of lung cancer.
Direct and Indirect Estrogen Actions on Osteoblasts and Osteoclasts (2006)

Cells of osteoblast and osteoclast lineage are provided with the receptor for sex steroids, but discrepancies concerning mechanism of action still exist. Skeletal estrogen (ER) agonists induce osteoblastic osteoprotegerin (OPG) production through ER receptor-alpha activation in vitro, while immune cells appear to overexpress RANKL in ER deficiency in vivo, not reproduced in in vitro study. It has also been evident that the effects of ER on bone to a large extent are mediated via its action on immune cells. We know now that ER regulates the expression of cytokines that target cell types involved in modulating bone turnover, as IL-1 and IL-6, and the latest findings confirm and expand the concept that T cells are key mediators of bone loss following gonadal failure. Although early work demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor-alpha plays an important role in regulating bone mass, recent studies also implicate the lymphopoietic molecule IL-7: it suppresses the bone-forming osteoblasts, while stimulating formation and function of osteoclasts. More recent in vitro studies, however, indicate a stimulating effect of ER on osteoclastogenesis, which could have a positive effect on maintaining a high level of bone cell activity.
N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Amine Pt(II) Complexes, a New Chemical Space for the Development of Platinum-Based Anticancer Drugs (2010)

N-Heterocyclic carbene (NHC) platinum complexes have been highlighted as a promising and original platform for building new cytotoxic drugs of the cisplatin series. Mixed NHC-amine Pt(II) complexes have been prepared via a facile and modular two step sequence leading to trans-configured square planar species. They have been characterized by spectroscopic methods and X-ray diffraction studies. Their efficiency against both cisplatin sensitive (CEM and H460) and resistant (A2780/DDP, CH1/DDP, and SK-OV-3) cell lines has been demonstrated by in vitro experiments.
Anti-inflammatory actions of Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 by the antagonist MK-7246 in a novel rat model of Alternaria alternata elicited pulmonary inflammation (2014)

Alternaria alternata is a fungal allergen linked to the development of severe asthma in humans. In view of the clinical relationship between A. alternata and asthma, we sought to investigate the allergic activity of this antigen after direct application to the lungs of Brown Norway rats. Here we demonstrate that a single intratracheal instillation of A. alternata induces dose and time dependent eosinophil influx, edema and Type 2 helper cell cytokine production in the lungs of BN rats. We established the temporal profile of eosinophilic infiltration and cytokine production, such as Interleukin-5 and Interleukin-13, following A. alternata challenge. These responses were comparable to Ovalbumin induced models of asthma and resulted in peak inflammatory responses 48h following a single challenge, eliminating the need for multiple sensitizations and challenges. The initial perivascular and peribronchiolar inflammation preceded alveolar inflammation, progressing to a more sub-acute inflammatory response with notable epithelial cell hypertrophy. To limit the effects of an A. alternata inflammatory response, MK-7246 was utilized as it is an antagonist for Chemoattractant Receptor-homologous molecule expressed in Th2 cells. In a dose-dependent manner, MK-7246 decreased eosinophil influx and Th2 cytokine production following the A. alternata challenge. Furthermore, therapeutic administration of corticosteroids resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in eosinophil influx and Th2 cytokine production. Reproducible asthma-related outcomes and amenability to pharmacological intervention by mechanisms relevant to asthma demonstrate that an A. alternata induced pulmonary inflammation in BN rats is a valuable preclinical pharmacodynamic in vivo model for evaluating the pharmacological inhibitors of allergic pulmonary inflammation.
Ecological Driving System for Connected/Automated Vehicles Using a Two-Stage Control Hierarchy (2018)

To improve a vehicle's fuel efficiency when operating on roadways, this study develops an ecological driving system under the connected and automated vehicle (CAV) environment. The system includes three critical functions, including traffic state prediction, eco-driving speed control, and powertrain control implementation. According to the real-time traffic information obtained from vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communications, the embedded traffic state prediction model will estimate and predict the average speeds and densities of freeway subsections. With an objective of minimizing the fuel consumption, the eco-driving speed control function follows a two-stage hierarchical framework. The first stage, which is executed at the global level, aims to optimize the travel speed profile of the CAV over a certain time period. The second stage, local speed adaption, is designed to dynamically adjust the CAV's speed and make lane-changing decisions based on the local driving condition. The resulting control parameters will then be forwarded to the powertrain control system for implementations. To evaluate the proposed system, this study performs comprehensive numerical tests by using simulation models. This results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system in reducing fuel consumption. Further comparisons with different models highlights the need to consider traffic state information in the first-stage optimization and lane-changing decision module in the local adaption function.
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238 and -308 polymorphisms do not associated with traits related to obesity and insulin resistance. (1999)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is expressed primarily in adipocytes, and elevated levels of this cytokine have been linked to obesity and insulin resistance. The purpose of this investigation was to test whether the TNF-alpha-308 polymorphism (previously linked to insulin resistance and increased leptin levels) and the TNF-alpha-238 polymorphism (linked to decreased insulin resistance) were associated with insulin resistance or obesity-related traits in 424 subjects self-referred to the Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center (JHWMC). There were no differences in allele frequencies of either polymorphism by obesity category in the JHWMC and a lean control group. Despite previous smaller studies that have linked insulin resistance and the 308 allele, we found no such relationship in the JHWMC population. Instead, homozygotes for this allele had a significantly lower BMI than their counterparts without the polymorphism. In addition, we found no relationship between the 238 polymorphism and BMI, fasting glucose, or log of fasting insulin.
Table S1 from Rhabdoid Tumors Are Sensitive to the Protein-Translation Inhibitor Homoharringtonine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cell line sources, information, and growth conditions&lt;/p&gt;
Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Using HPFRCC Matrices (1996)

Peer Reviewed
Combined surgical and radiosurgical treatment for a symptomatic cervical metastasis in a case of malignant paraganglioma: a case report (2013)

This case study is the first report of a patient with symptomatic cervical metastasis of a malignant paraganglioma treated with a combination of radiosurgery and posterior spinal surgery. Although the optimal treatment for these conditions remains unclear, concomitant treatment with radiosurgery and reconstructive surgery appeared to be both safe and effective in this challenging case.
Synchronization in biotelemetry systems with time division of channels. (1979)

In order to improve synchronization in biotelemetry systems, a relative pulse-width selector was designed. It employs a sawtooth generator, sample-and-hold and analogue comparator. The use of this selector creates a possibility of reducing the increase in the synchronizing pulse with respect to the channel pulses and eliminating tuning the transmitter's modulator and receiver's selector to each other. Two different selectors are described: a simple one for two different pulse widths and a more complicated one with a counter for any setting of pulse width in the system.
Third-Order and Cascaded Nonlinearities (2020)

This chapter discusses a number of mechanisms that result in nonlinear absorption (nla) or nonlinear refraction (nlr) or a combination of the two. It concentrates on ultrafast third-order bound-electronic nla and nlr and temporally cumulative free-carrier or excited-state nonlinearities. These excited-state nonlinearities can be understood in terms of a sequential cascading of lower order nonlinearities. The chapter describes how frequency conversion nonlinearities can also lead to nla and nlr through another cascading process, in this case, a cascaded second-order nonlinearity. It discusses the Kramers-Krönig relation used to calculate the change in refractive index from the change in absorption due to some external perturbation. The linear Kramers-Krönig relation can be applied both in the presence and in the absence of a perturbation, and the difference taken between the two cases. The ‘two-level atom’ problem is a familiar one and is illustrative of how the nonlinear Kramers-Krönig relation can be applied.
High Load HCCI Operation Using Different Valving Strategies in a Naturally-Aspirated Gasoline HCCI Engine (2011)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Homogenous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) combustion offers significant efficiency improvements compared to conventional spark ignition engines. However, due to the nature of HCCI combustion, traditional HCCI combustion can be realized only in a limited operating range. In order to maximize fuel economy benefits the HCCI operating range needs to be extended to higher loads. One immediate benefit is to maximize the portion of the standard driving cycles (NEDC, FTP, etc.) that can be run with HCCI combustion, so that transitions between SI operation and HCCI operation can be avoided.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The HCCI operation at high load range is typically limited by a trade-off between combustion noise and combustion stability. In a previous research, we showed how to improve this trade-off using spark-assisted HCCI combustion strategy, and concluded that the HCCI high load operation is limited by the air availability due to a low lift cam when spark-assisted HCCI combustion was applied.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In this research different valving configurations were investigated to maximize the extension of high load limit of HCCI operation. Then two different valving strategies, such as Negative Valve Overlap (NVO) and Positive Valve Overlap (PVO), were compared to improve the efficiency of high load HCCI operation by controlling the amount of internal residual fraction and pumping loss.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;When the NVO strategy was employed, as engine load increases, combustion phasing must be retarded to reduce combustion noise due to high amount of hot internal residuals. Retarded combustion phasing at high load HCCI operation is a key solution for the NVO strategy. On the other hand, when the PVO strategy was applied, optimal residual fraction can be achieved resulting in efficiency improvement due to optimal combustion phasing, lower pumping loss and less heat transfer loss. The high load limit was successfully extended to 10 bar IMEP&lt;sub&gt;g&lt;/sub&gt; (Gross Indicated Mean Effective Pressure) while maintaining good efficiency and complying with emissions requirements.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;