gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantum complexity of the Kronecker coefficients (2023)

Whether or not the Kronecker coefficients of the symmetric group count some set of combinatorial objects is a longstanding open question. In this work we show that a given Kronecker coefficient is proportional to the rank of a projector that can be measured efficiently using a quantum computer. In other words a Kronecker coefficient counts the dimension of the vector space spanned by the accepting witnesses of a QMA verifier, where QMA is the quantum analogue of NP. This implies that approximating the Kronecker coefficients to within a given relative error is not harder than a certain natural class of quantum approximate counting problems that captures the complexity of estimating thermal properties of quantum many-body systems. A second consequence is that deciding positivity of Kronecker coefficients is contained in QMA, complementing a recent NP-hardness result of Ikenmeyer, Mulmuley and Walter. We obtain similar results for the related problem of approximating row sums of the character table of the symmetric group. Finally, we discuss an efficient quantum algorithm that approximates normalized Kronecker coefficients to inverse-polynomial additive error.
Fenton Activity and Cytotoxicity Studies of Iron-Loaded Carbon Particles (2010)

The chemical and biological properties of iron-loaded manufactured carbon nanoparticles (Flammruss 101) were contrasted with those of an iron-loaded synthetic carbon particle. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to characterize the iron on the carbon particles. Production of hydroxyl free radicals via the Fenton reaction was monitored by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The iron-loaded synthetic carbon particles produced a positive Fenton response, whereas the iron-loaded manufactured carbon particles did not. The source of the Fenton activity of the synthetic carbon particles is proposed to be a soluble iron compound that was formed during the synthesis of the particle. A likely candidate for the soluble iron species is Fe2F5, which was synthesized and its properties were examined. Higher toxicity of Fe2F5 toward murine macrophages compared with other simple iron salts was attributed to soluble iron that was stabilized by the fluoride ligand. The cytotoxicity of manufactured carbon particles toward murine macrophages decreased or remained unaltered upon impregnation with iron compounds.
Ubiquitous displays in dynamic environments: issues and opportunities (2004)

This paper discusses possible technologies and the issues involved in creating ubiquitous display landscapes for the dynamic environment of the future office. Ubiquitous display solutions are required to support flexible working methodologies, where office space is frequently reconfigured as project teams are formed then disbanded. Display landscape solutions are available by embedding displays in mobile furniture, by projecting displays onto surfaces in the environment, by using portable handheld devices, or by using a combination of all techniques. However, many research questions still remain before viable ubiquitous display solutions can be implemented. This paper identifies these issues and outlines directions for future work.
Machine Learning Based Linear and Nonlinear Noise Estimation (2018)

Operators are pressured to maximize the achieved capacity over deployed links. This can be obtained by operating in the weakly nonlinear regime, requiring a precise understanding of the transmission conditions. Ideally, optical transponders should be capable of estimating the regime of operation from the received signal and feeding that information to the upper management layers to optimize the transmission characteristics; however, this estimation is challenging. This paper addresses this problem by estimating the linear and nonlinear signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) from the received signal. This estimation is performed by obtaining features of two distinct effects: nonlinear phase noise and second-order statistical moments. A small neural network is trained to estimate the SNRs from the extracted features. Over extensive simulations covering 19,800 sets of realistic fiber transmissions, we verified the accuracy of the proposed techniques. Employing both approaches simultaneously gave measured performances of 0.04 and 0.20&#x00A0;dB of standard error for the linear and nonlinear SNRs, respectively.
Hydrodynamic model of pneumatic classification of powder materials (2003)

A pneumatic circulating unit allows carrying out combined processes of powder production e.g. mixing, drying, grinding, and classification. The unit consists of a cylindrical-conical chamber with coaxial pipe. The circulating motion of powder material is realized by the injection of the last by the compressed air feeding through the nozzle block in the bottom of the unit, the conveying of powder through the pipe and the precipitation of particles into the packed bed after the separation stage. For the classification of particles by their sizes a built-in vane rotating classifier is applied. The main element of the classifier is the rotor, which generates a powerful centrifugal field around itself by its rotation and allows to achieve a high performance and sharp classification. The interpenetrating and interacting continua concept is implemented in which it is a suggested that more then one phase can exist at the same location at the same time. This suggestion depends on the ideas of time and space averaging. The phases "share" this space; and they may, as they move within it, interpenetrate. This model is analyzed.
A Theoretical Study of the Role of Interfacial Water and Triboelectric Charging in Insulators (2013)

In electrophotographic printing, the adsorption of water on critical surfaces has an overwhelming but poorly understood effect on the triboelectric charging. In this work, Molecular Mechanics was used to find the most probable water adsorption sites for isolated PMMA, poly(methyl methacrylate), and isolated silica models, and for intermolecular complexes between PMMA and silica which are responsible for triboelectric charge transfer. Density functional theory (DFT) was used calculate the local energy minima, the adsorption of water molecules on different surface functional groups, and the analysis of the frontier orbitals, to quantitatively compare the energy gap differences for electronic charge transfer, and thus the effect of hydration site on PMMA and silica on electronic charge transfer.Four surface water adsorption modes that affect electron charge transfer between PMMA and silica were found: water adsorbed on the PMMA carbonyl, water adsorbed at the active site of the LUMO on silica, water as a spacer between PMMA and silica, and water as a charge carrier dissipating charge.This work provides a detailed mechanistic understanding of the effect of water on the surface electronic structure of amorphous silica and PMMA that are critical to electrophotographic applications, and no doubt to other applications where the surface electronic structure is relevant.
Evolving from 4G to 5G (2016)

5G will lead us into an “all-time connectivity society” where mobile devices will play an even more important role in people’s lives. 5G will be not only a cellular standard but a combination of cellular and other heterogeneous standards. In this chapter we will focus on the cellular characteristics of 5G.
Microstructure and properties of molybdenumprinciple-copper composite metal samples consolidated by plasma pressure compaction (2002)

In this study, a composite metal powder mixture using molybdenum and copper powders was consolidated tonear theoretical density using the rapid consolidation technique of plasma pressure compaction. Rapid consolidation of the mixture of metal powders is an essential requirement for better microstructural control and mechanical properties in the consolidated product. The microstructure and hardness of the composite samples are compared with monolithic samples made by consolidating pure molybdenum powders under identical conditions. Microhardness measurements revealed an increase in hardness of molybdenum when mixed with small amounts of copper. The role of consolidation parameters on hardness and microstructural development is presented and discussed.
Trigeminal reflex regulation of the glottis depends on central glycinergic inhibition in the rat (2002)

In an unanesthetized decerebrate in situ arterially perfused brain stem preparation of mature rat, strychnine (0.05-0.2 microM) blockade of glycine receptors caused postinspiratory glottal constriction to occur earlier, shifting from early expiration to inspiration. This resulted in a paradoxical inspiratory-related narrowing of the upper airway. Stimulation of the trigeminal ethmoidal nerve (EN5; 20 Hz, 100 micros, 0.5-2 V) evoked a diving response, which included a reflex apnea, glottal constriction, and bradycardia. After strychnine administration, this pattern was converted to a maintained phrenic nerve discharge and a reduced glottal constriction that was interrupted intermittently by transient abductions. The onset of firing of postinspiratory neurons shifted from early expiration into neural inspiration in the presence of strychnine, but neurons maintained their tonic activation during EN5 stimulation, as observed during control. Inspiratory neurons that were hyperpolarized by EN5 stimulation in control conditions were powerfully excited after loss of glycinergic inhibition. Thus the integrity of glycinergic inhibition within the pontomedullary respiratory network is critical for the coordination of cranial and spinal motor outflows during eupnea but also for protective reflex regulation of the upper airway.
Nonvolatile Low Power 16-bit/32-bit Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Binary Counter and Its Scaling (2012)

We propose a nonvolatile 16-bit/32-bit magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) based binary counter with fine-grained power gating scheme suitable for MTJ. We estimate the power consumption of the proposed counter by using simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) simulation. The power of the proposed 16-bit/32-bit counter is 59.1 and 72.5% smaller in case of 45 and 16 nm node, respectively, than that of the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) counter at low frequency (100 Hz). The proposed nonvolatile 32-bit counter achieves lower power at operating frequencies up to 49 kHz and 4 MHz in the case of 45 and 16 nm node, respectively, in comparison with the conventional CMOS counter. Moreover, we propose a hybrid 32-bit counter that is constructed with CMOS counter units for the beginning stages and nonvolatile MTJ based counter units for the latter stages. It achieves a lower power at operating frequencies up to 1 GHz than the conventional CMOS counter for 16 nm node. As a result, clear scalability of the proposed MTJ based multi-bit counter is obtained from the viewpoint of suppressing power.
Development of Synthetic Methodologies for Nitrogen-containing Heterocycles Using Functionalized Carbodiimides as Building Blocks (2011)

Novel and efficient synthetic methodologies for nitrogen-containing heterocycles by utilizing a wide range of functionality-containing carbodiimides as vital building blocks are described. The key steps involve the iminophosphorane-mediated aza-Wittig reaction with isocyanates, followed by a variety of ring-forming reactions such as electrocyclization, Diels-Alder reaction, and various intramolecular reactions together with preliminary transformation reaction if necessary.
Microorganisms isolated from blood and cerebrospinal fluid in a general hospital. Clinical implications. (1980)

This study is a review of 1,040 significant positive blood cultures from 415 patients, and 44 positive cerebrospinal fluid cultures from 44 patients treated at the Meir General Hospital during the period 1976-78. The most frequent isolates from blood cultures were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The most frequent isolates from cerebrospinal fluid cultures were Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Neisseria meningitidis, which were present in similar proportions. E. coli was predominant in the division of medicine, Staph. aureus in the division of pediatrics and Klebsiella in the division of surgery. Fifty percent of the E. coli isolates were sensitive to ampicillin and carbenicillin; about 80%, to cephalothin and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim; and 100%, to gentamicin. Only 7% of the Klebsiella isolates were sensitive to apicillin; 72% were sensitive to cephalothin and 87%, to gentamicin. Only 18% of Staph. aureus isolates were sensitive to penicillin, but about 95% were sensitive to methicillin or cephalothin. Two of 10 salmonellae isolates and 13% of H. influenzae were resistant to ampicillin.
Hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1αdeletion in myeloid lineage attenuates hypoxia‐induced pulmonary hypertension (2019)

Hypoxemia is seen in patients with pulmonary hypertension and hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction worsens their clinical condition. However, vasoconstriction is not the only aspect through which hypoxia induces the progression to pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a transcription factor responding to hypoxic conditions by regulating hundreds of genes involved in angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, inflammation, and proliferation. We sought to determine the contribution of HIF-1α in myeloid lineage cells to the pulmonary vascular response to chronic exposure to hypoxia. We generated myeloid-specific HIF-1α knockout (MyeHIF1KO) mice by using Cre-lox P system, and exposed them to hypoxic conditions for 3 weeks to induce pulmonary hypertension. Macrophages from MyeHIF1KO and control mice were used for western blotting, RT-qPCR, chemotaxis assay, and ATP assay. MyeHIF1KO mice exposed to hypoxia for 3 weeks exhibited a significant reduction in the right ventricular systolic pressure accompanied by a decrease in the ratio of the right ventricular weight to left ventricular weight, muscularization of the small pulmonary arteries, and infiltration of macrophages into the lung and right ventricle compared with control mice. HIF-1α-deficient peritoneal macrophages showed less migration toward monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and a decrease in intracellular ATP levels. These results indicate that HIF-1α in macrophages contributes to the progression of pulmonary vascular remodeling and pulmonary hypertension induced by chronic exposure to hypoxic conditions. The inhibition of myeloid-specific HIF-1α may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension.
Utilizing small nutrient compounds as enhancers of exercise-induced mitochondrial biogenesis (2015)

Endurance exercise, when performed regularly as part of a training program, leads to increases in whole-body and skeletal muscle-specific oxidative capacity. At the cellular level, this adaptive response is manifested by an increased number of oxidative fibers (Type I and IIA myosin heavy chain), an increase in capillarity and an increase in mitochondrial biogenesis. The increase in mitochondrial biogenesis (increased volume and functional capacity) is fundamentally important as it leads to greater rates of oxidative phosphorylation and an improved capacity to utilize fatty acids during sub-maximal exercise. Given the importance of mitochondrial biogenesis for skeletal muscle performance, considerable attention has been given to understanding the molecular cues stimulated by endurance exercise that culminate in this adaptive response. In turn, this research has led to the identification of pharmaceutical compounds and small nutritional bioactive ingredients that appear able to amplify exercise-responsive signaling pathways in skeletal muscle. The aim of this review is to discuss these purported exercise mimetics and bioactive ingredients in the context of mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. We will examine proposed modes of action, discuss evidence of application in skeletal muscle in vivo and finally comment on the feasibility of such approaches to support endurance-training applications in humans.
Spread-spectrum techniques for distributed space-time communication in sensor networks (2005)

Communication is widely acknowledged as a fundamental bottleneck in sensor networks with large numbers of low-cost, low-power nodes. We consider cooperative transmission of a common message signal from a cluster of sensor nodes to a remote receiver, under realistic transmission models accounting for timing and frequency synchronization offsets across the nodes. The purpose is to obtain range extension by combining the powers of the nodes in a cluster and to obtain robustness against channel impairments by exploiting the diversity naturally arising from the spatial distribution of the sensor nodes. For a simple scheme in which all nodes asynchronously transmit the same signal, we analyze the available diversity gains using an information theoretic analysis of outage capacity for wideband systems. We show that standard modulation formats can be adapted to realize diversity gains in the presence of synchronization errors. We propose simple receiver architectures that realize diversity gains and have desirable scaling properties as the number of sensors increases.
Poster abstract: Information-maximizing data collection in social sensing using named-data (2014)

This poster describes the information funnel, a data collection protocol for social sensing that maximizes a measure of delivered information utility. We argue that information-centric networking (ICN), where data objects are named instead of hosts, is especially suited for utility-maximizing transport in resource-constrained environments, because data names can expose similarities between named objects that can be leveraged for minimizing redundancy, hence maximizing utility. We implement the funnel on the recently proposed named-data networking (NDN) stack, an instance of ICN. With proper name space design, a protocol prioritizes transmission of data items over bottlenecks to maximize information utility, with very weak assumptions on the utility function. This prioritization is achieved merely by comparing data names, without knowing application-level name semantics, which makes it generalizable across a wide range of applications. Evaluation results show the information funnel improves the utility of the collected data objects compared with state-of-the-art solutions.
Nanoscale Pillar-Enhanced Tribological Surfaces as Antifouling Membranes (2016)

We present a nonconventional membrane surface modification approach that utilizes surface topography to manipulate the tribology of foulant accumulation on water desalination membranes via imprinting of submicron titanium dioxide (TiO<sub>2</sub>) pillar patterns onto the molecularly structured, flat membrane surface. This versatile approach overcomes the constraint of the conventional approach relying on interfacial polymerization that inevitably leads to the formation of ill-defined surface topography. Compared to the nonpatterned membranes, the patterned membranes showed significantly improved fouling resistance for both organic protein and bacterial foulants. The use of hydrophilic TiO<sub>2</sub> as a pattern material increases the membrane hydrophilicity, imparting improved chemical antifouling resistance to the membrane. Fouling behavior was also interpreted in terms of the topographical effect depending on the relative size of foulants to the pattern dimension. In addition, computational fluid dynamics simulation suggests that the enhanced antifouling of the patterned membrane is attributed to the enhancement in overall and local shear stress at the fluid-TiO<sub>2</sub> pattern interface.
Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: incidence and mechanisms. (1984)

During the electrophysiologic study of 435 patients referred for evaluation of Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, 42 (10%) had preexcited reciprocating tachycardia (defined as a macro-reentrant tachycardia that used an accessory atrioventricular [AV] pathway for antegrade conduction). The ages of the patients ranged from 9 to 67 years (27 +/- 14). Thirty-three were male patients, nine female, and eight had Ebstein's anomaly. Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia cycle length was 220 to 430 msec (294 +/- 42). Significant hemodynamic compromise in the laboratory directly related to preexcitated reciprocating tachycardia occurred in only one patient. However, in 10 patients a transformation to atrial fibrillation was seen after a spontaneously occurring premature atrial contraction. Only 17 of the 42 patients with preexcited reciprocating tachycardia during electrophysiologic study had the same tachycardia documented clinically. These 17 patients were more often younger with multiple accessory pathways and with no history of orthodromic reciprocating tachycardia when compared with 25 patients in whom preexcited reciprocating tachycardia could be induced only in the laboratory. Preexcited reciprocating tachycardia was induced in the laboratory in 22 of 374 (6%) patients with single accessory pathways and in 20 of 61 (33%) of those with multiple accessory pathways. In the 20 patients with multiple accessory pathways, the spectrum of reentrant circuits included fusion over two or more accessory pathways or fusion over both an accessory pathway and the AV node. In the 22 patients with a single accessory pathway and true antidromic reciprocating tachycardia, all but two episodes were at least 4 cm from the AV node. No patient with true antidromic reciprocating tachycardia had a posterior septal accessory AV pathway. Only in patients with multiple accessory pathways was the posterior septal accessory AV pathway used as the antegrade limb.
Structural and optical properties of type II GaSb/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1999)

We report structural and optical properties of GaSb/GaAs self-assembled quantum dots (QDs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy. The QDs, with nanometer-scale dimensions, were characterized by atomic force microscopy. Furthermore, in photoluminescence (PL) measurements the feature from the QDs was observed at ∼1.1 eV, clearly separated from that of the wetting layer at ∼1.3 eV. With increasing excitation power, the peak from the QDs displayed a large shift towards higher energy. In addition, the temperature dependence of PL yielded a large thermal activation energy, 130 meV, confirming the strong localization of excitons in the QDs.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of fragmented derivatives of tetrahydroisoquinolines. 2. Trimetoquinol studies (1975)

The synthesis of N-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenylethyl)-3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine (2) and 1-(3,4,5-trimethoxybenzyl)-6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (1) is presented. Comparative pharmacological effects of the optical isomers of 1 and compound 2 are reported in guinea pig atria, rat adipose tissue, guinea pig trachea, and guinea pig aortic strip preparations. In the beta-adrenoreceptor preparations, (-)-1 was shown to be more potent than (+)-1 or 2. Racemic 1 and 2 were shown to have equal alpha-antagonist properties in the inhibition of norepinephrine-induced contractions of guinea pig aorta.