gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-11 Protects Human Microvascular Endothelium from Alloinjury In Vivo by Induction of Survivin Expression (2004)

IL-11 can reduce tissue injury in animal models of inflammation but the mechanism(s) is unknown. When C.B-17 SCID/beige mice bearing human skin grafts are injected i.p. with human PBMC allogeneic to the donor skin, infiltrating T cells destroy human microvessels by day 21. Intradermal injection of human IL-11 (500 ng/day) delays the time course of graft microvessel loss without reducing the extent of T cell infiltration. Protective actions of IL-11 are most pronounced on day 15. IL-11 has no effect on T cell activation marker, effector molecule, cytokine expression, or endothelial ICAM-1 expression. IL-11 up-regulates the expression of survivin, a cytoprotective protein, in graft keratinocytes and endothelial cells. Topical application of survivin antisense oligonucleotide down-regulates survivin expression in both cell types and largely abrogates the protective effect of IL-11. We conclude that in this human transplant model, IL-11 exerts a cytoprotective rather than anti-inflammatory or immunomodulatory effect mediated through induction of survivin.
Accommodating volume change and imparting thermal conductivity by encapsulation of phase change materials in carbon nanoparticles (2018)

A Pickering-type emulsion is used as a template to encapsulate the phase change material stearic acid (SA) using graphene oxide nanosheets stitched together.
Energy-windowed, pixellated X-ray diffraction using the Pixirad CdTe detector (2017)

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful tool for material identification. In order to interpret XRD data, knowledge is required of the scattering angles and energies of X-rays which interact with the sample. By using a pixellated, energy-resolving detector, this knowledge can be gained when using a spectrum of unfiltered X-rays, and without the need to collimate the scattered radiation. Here we present results of XRD measurements taken with the Pixirad detector and a laboratory-based X-ray source. The cadmium telluride sensor allows energy windows to be selected, and the 62 μm pixel pitch enables accurate spatial information to be preserved for XRD measurements, in addition to the ability to take high resolution radiographic images. Diffraction data are presented for a variety of samples to demonstrate the capability of the technique for materials discrimination in laboratory, security and pharmaceutical environments. Distinct diffraction patterns were obtained, from which details on the molecular structures of the items under study were determined.
Physiologic Attributes of the Luteinizing Hormone Pulse Signal in the Human Cross‐Validation Studies in Men (1988)

The performance of two new statistically based, independently formulated, endocrine peak detection methodologies (Cluster and Detect) were tested on the same large set of physiologic LH pulsations. Serum LH concentrations were determined in blood samples withdrawn at 5-minute intervals for 24 hours in eight healthy young men. The subsequent comprehensive LH time series were subjected to Cluster and Detect analysis, each constrained to an alpha level of 0.01 or 0.05. Under both circumstances, computer estimates of physiologic LH pulse frequency by the two separate algorithms were statistically indistinguishable. Moreover, the two distinct methodologies were concordant not only in relation to the original 5-minute sampling series but also with respect to the constituent 10-, 15-, 20-, 30-, and 45-minute sampling data. The cross-validation of these two mathematically independent methodologies has permitted delineation of the detailed spectrum of spontaneous LH pulse properties within individual men and among different males under basal physiologic conditions.
The hedgehog-patched signaling pathway and function in the mammalian ovary: a novel role for hedgehog proteins in stimulating proliferation and steroidogenesis of theca cells (2009)

The expression of hedgehog (Hh) genes, their receptor, and the co-receptor in mice, rat, and bovine ovaries were investigated. RT-PCR of ovarian transcripts in mice showed amplification of transcripts for Indian (Ihh) and desert (Dhh) Hh, patched 1 (Ptch1), and smoothened (Smo) genes. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR and northern blot analyses showed that whole ovarian Ihh and Dhh transcripts decreased 4-24 h after hCG versus 0-48 h after pregnant mares serum gonadotrophin treatment in mice, whereas mouse Ptch1 and Smo transcripts were expressed throughout the gonadotropin treatments. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that the expression of the Hh-patched signaling system with Ihh mRNA abundance in granulosa cells was greater, whereas Smo and Ptch1 mRNA abundance was less in theca cells of small versus large follicles of cattle. In cultured rat and bovine theca-interstitial cells, qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the abundance of Gli1 and Ptch1 mRNAs were increased (P<0.05) with sonic hedgehog (SHH) treatment. Additional studies using cultured bovine theca cells indicated that SHH induces proliferation and androstenedione production. IGF1 decreased Ihh mRNA abundance in bovine granulosa cells. The expression and regulation of Ihh transcripts in granulosa cells and Ptch1 mRNA in theca cells suggest a potential paracrine role of this system in bovine follicular development. This study illustrates for the first time Hh activation of Gli1 transcriptional factor in theca cells and its stimulation of theca cell proliferation and androgen biosynthesis.
Latchup in CMOS technology (1998)

This paper is a review of the latchup phenomena in past and present CMOS technologies. Both static and transient characterization techniques are described, as well as process related solutions and layout ground rule constraints. Technology scaling implications are discussed in the context of latchup holding voltage/current and minimum N/sup +/ to P/sup +/ spacing.
Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor α Prevents Bowel Fibrosis Assessed by Messenger RNA, Histology, and Magnetization Transfer MRI in Rats With Crohnʼs Disease (2013)

Anti-TNFα prevents the development of bowel wall inflammation and fibrosis in the PG-PS rat model of CD. MT-MRI measurably demonstrates this decrease in intestinal fibrosis.
PIAS1 modulates striatal transcription, DNA damage repair, and SUMOylation with relevance to Huntington’s disease (2021)

DNA damage repair genes are modifiers of disease onset in Huntington's disease (HD), but how this process intersects with associated disease pathways remains unclear. Here we evaluated the mechanistic contributions of protein inhibitor of activated STAT-1 (PIAS1) in HD mice and HD patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and find a link between PIAS1 and DNA damage repair pathways. We show that PIAS1 is a component of the transcription-coupled repair complex, that includes the DNA damage end processing enzyme polynucleotide kinase-phosphatase (PNKP), and that PIAS1 is a SUMO E3 ligase for PNKP. Pias1 knockdown (KD) in HD mice had a normalizing effect on HD transcriptional dysregulation associated with synaptic function and disease-associated transcriptional coexpression modules enriched for DNA damage repair mechanisms as did reduction of PIAS1 in HD iPSC-derived neurons. KD also restored mutant HTT-perturbed enzymatic activity of PNKP and modulated genomic integrity of several transcriptionally normalized genes. The findings here now link SUMO modifying machinery to DNA damage repair responses and transcriptional modulation in neurodegenerative disease.
Porous silicon – what is responsible for the visible luminescence? (1992)

Size‐dependent quantum confinement effects have been invoked to explain the occurrence of vislble luminescence in porous silicon and TEM data supports the existence of crystalline Si domains which have dimensions small enough that one could expect such phenomena. However, is this the whole story? Various proposed explanations are discussed, and the recent observations of luminenscence in Si colloidal suspensions examined.
A cell-free self-replenishing CO2-fixing system (2022)

Abstract Biological CO 2 fixation is so far the most effective means for CO 2 reduction at scale and accounts for most of the CO 2 fixed on Earth. Through this process, carbon is fixed in cellular components and biomass during organismal growth. To uncouple CO 2 fixation from growth and cellular regulation, cell-free CO 2 fixation systems represent an alternative approach since the rate can be independently manipulated. Here we designed an oxygen-insensitive, self-replenishing CO 2 fixation system with opto-sensing. The system comprises a synthetic reductive glyoxylate and pyruvate synthesis (rGPS) cycle and the malyl-CoA-glycerate (MCG) pathway to produce acetyl-coenzyme A (CoA), pyruvate and malate from CO 2 , which are also intermediates in the cycle. We solved various problems associated with the in vitro system, and implemented opto-sensing modules to control the regeneration of cofactors. We accomplished sustained operation for 6 hours with a CO 2 -fixing rate comparable to or greater than typical CO 2 fixation rates of photosynthetic or lithoautotrophic organisms.
Analysis and design of the dual-gate inversion layer emitter transistor (2004)

The dual-gate inversion layer emitter transistor (DGILET) is a device in which the injection of minority carriers takes place from an inversion layer formed under a MOS gate. Therefore, the device can be switched between MOS and bipolar modes using the gate giving the means to achieve a superior combination of low conduction losses and low switching losses. The structure of the device and operation in both the unipolar and bipolar modes are described in detail. Devices have been fabricated on bulk silicon wafers using junction isolation and experimental results confirm the expected superior performance. In particular, the results confirm predictions that if the inversion layer injector is properly designed, the voltage snapback that occurs during the transition between unipolar and bipolar modes can be completely suppressed. This can be achieved with a compact structure in contrast to the extended structures required in anode-shorted lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBTs). An equivalent circuit for the DGILET is presented and the control of the minority carrier injection is also analyzed. Experimental results show that the DGILET can switch at speeds approaching those characteristic of MOSFETs with operating current densities comparable to LIGBTs. The results show that the DGILET offers lower overall losses than an LIGBT at switching frequencies above about 10 kHz.
Modulation of pulsatile GH release through a novel receptor in hypothalamus and pituitary gland. (1996)

Hormone replacement should provide a serum hormone profile similar to that found in normal physiology. This is generally impractical because hormones are usually released episodically and therefore require frequent administration. However, rather than replacing the hormone directly, in theory, one could administer a mimic or amplifier of the pulse generator that controls pulsatile release of the particular hormone. Using growth hormone (GH) as a paradigm we sought such a mimetic that would provide episodic GH release when administered by the oral route. A GH secretagogue MK0677, is described that has these ideal properties; following oral administration MK0677 amplifies episodic GH release. Mechanistically, it synergizes with growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH) through a receptor and signal transduction pathway distinct from that of GHRH and is a functional antagonist of somatostatin (SRIF). MK0677 also acts on the arcuate nucleus and appears to stimulate GHRH release. By using 35S-MK0677, a new G-protein coupled receptor for MK0677 was characterized in the plasma membrane fraction of pituitary and hypothalamic tissue. The receptor is present in very low abundance and couples to phospholipase C. Other ligands selective for this receptor also cause synchronization of well-defined pathways leading to GH release. Repeated oral treatment of dogs once daily with MK0677 initiates amplified pulsatile GH release accompanied by increases in IGF-1 that are sustained. The unique biological properties of MK0677 and other synthetic ligands that bind to the same receptor force us to predict that these ligands mimic a naturally occurring hormone that regulates pulsatile GH release. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms involved in this paradigm has broad implications for the control of pulsatile rhythms in the endocrine system.
Most likely maximum entropy for population analysis: A case study in decompression sickness prevention (2015)

We estimate the density of a set of biophysical parameters from region censored observations. We propose a new Maximum Entropy (maxent) estimator formulated as finding the most likely constrained maxent density. By using the Ŕnyi entropy of order two instead of the Shannon entropy, we are lead to a quadratic optimization problem with linear inequality constraints that has an efficient numerical solution. We compare the proposed estimator to the NPMLE and to the best fitting maxent solutions in real data from hyperbaric diving, showing that the resulting distribution has better generalization performance than NPMLE or maxent alone.
ChemInform Abstract: Postsynthesis Modification of Aluminophosphates by Reaction with Silicon Tetrachloride. (1990)

Abstract Hexagonal AlPO 4 (designated as AlPO 4 ‐5) is reacted with SiCl 4 (1 atm) at 450‐750 °C and the structure, composition, and chemical properties of the modified materials thus obtained are studied as a function of reaction conditions (heating rate, temp., reaction time).
A Typical Atrioventricular Accessory Pathway? (2008)

Case Reports
ATIM-03. BIOMARKER ANALYSIS SUPPORTS THE VB-111 DUAL MECHANISM OF ACTION (2017)

VB-111 (Ofranergene Obadenovec) is non-integrating, non-replicating, Adeno 5 vector which targets the vasculature through induction of endothelial apoptosis. Our prior phase 2 study has shown a nearly doubling of overall survival (OS) in recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) (59v32 weeks), and our pivotal phase 3 GLOBE study is fully accrued. To better understand any predictors of benefit and better define alternative mechanisms of action we assess both molecular and radiographic biomarkers of response. Tumor volumes were determined from T1-post and FLAIR T2 weighted images, and values extracted from ROIs of ADC, MTT, standardized rCBV maps. Baseline serum and 6h post infusion underwent cytokine profiling using a luminex array. To delineate the source of cytokines orthotopic U251 tumors were treated with VB-111 or control, resected, microglia (CD11b) and T cells (CD3) sorted, and individually cocultured with activated splenocytes. In the univariate cox analysis, baseline srCBVs for both VB-111 and combination groups demonstrated statistically significant association with OS (p=0.0198 and p=0.0458 respectively). In the VB-111 group, post-treatment srCBV also demonstrated significant association with OS (p=0.024). Whereas, in combination group, baseline MTT is significantly associated with OS (p=0.0323). Several cytokines 6h post VB-111 infusion correlated with overall survival including IL-1Rα, IL-17α, MIP1α, and TNFα (p<0.05). When U251 tumor microglia and T cells were cocultured with splenocytes and activated with LPS (72h), several cytokines including MIP1α, MIP1β, IL-10 and RANTES were significant higher from mice administered VB-111 (p<0.05). Conversely, using CD3/CD28 for activation, a decrease in immunosuppressive cytokines was observed including IL-10, 4, 3, and 5. These results suggested that tumoral microglia are responsible for cytokine release with a profile that promotes a cytotoxic T cell response. Improved survival in VB-111 treated patients correlates with both vascular imaging parameters and cytokine response, supporting both immune and anti-angiogenic mechanisms of this anti-cancer virotherapy.
Selective model inversion and adaptive disturbance observer for rejection of time-varying vibrations on an active suspension (2013)

This paper presents an adaptive control scheme for identifying and rejecting unknown and/or time-varying narrow-band vibrations. We discuss an idea of selective model inversion (SMI) for a (possibly nonminimum phase) plant dynamics at multiple narrow frequency regions, so that vibrations can be estimated and canceled by feedback. By taking advantage of the structure of the disturbance model, we can reduce the adaptation to identify the minimum amount of parameters, achieve accurate parameter estimation under noisy environments, and flexibly reject the narrow-band disturbances with clear tuning intuitions. Evaluation of the proposed algorithm is performed via simulation and experiments on a benchmark system for active vibration control.
L-PGDS deficiency accelerated the development of naturally occurring age-related osteoarthritis (2020)

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disorder among the elderly. It is characterized by progressive cartilage degradation, synovial inflammation, subchondral bone remodeling and pain. Lipocalin prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS) is responsible for the biosynthesis of PGD<sub>2</sub>, which has been implicated in the regulation of inflammation and cartilage biology. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-PGDS deficiency on the development of naturally occurring age-related OA in mice. OA-like structural changes were assessed by histology, immunohistochemistry, and micro-computed tomography. Pain related behaviours were assessed using the von Frey and the open-field assays. L-PGDS deletion promoted cartilage degradation during aging, which was associated with enhanced expression of extracellular matrix degrading enzymes, matrix metalloprotease 13 (MMP-13) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS-5), and their breakdown products, C1,2C, VDIPEN and NITEG. Moreover, L-PGDS deletion enhanced subchondral bone changes, but had no effect on its angiogenesis. Additionally, L-PGDS deletion increased mechanical sensitivity and reduced spontaneous locomotor activity. Finally, we showed that the expression of L-PGDS was elevated in aged mice. Together, these findings indicate an important role for L-PGDS in naturally occurring age-related OA. They also suggest that L-PGDS may constitute a new efficient therapeutic target in OA.
Exciton‐Induced Degradation of Hole Transport Layers and Its Effect on the Efficiency and Stability of Phosphorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Devices (2018)

Abstract The effect of exciton‐induced degradation of hole transport layers (HTLs) and its influence on efficiency and stability of phosphorescent organic light emitting devices (PhOLEDs) are investigated. In order to be able to isolate and study the effect of excitons on HTLs, UV illumination as a means to expose them to exciton stress is used. Results reveal that exciton stress of only the HTLs can lead to a significant deterioration in the electroluminescence external quantum efficiency and stability of PhOLEDs, revealing the detrimental role of exciton‐induced degradation of HTLs in limiting the device performance. The creation of quenchers in HTLs and the diffusion of excitons from the HTL to the EML appear to play roles in this degradation mechanism. Observations reveal that exciton‐induced degradation of HTLs more strongly impacts PhOLEDs than their fluorescent counterparts, revealing the more critical role that HTLs play in influencing their stability and pointing to the role of triplet excitons in this phenomenon. Observations also suggest that increasing the exciton stability of HTLs or reducing exciton lifetime in them can help increase device stability. The findings uncover a new degradation mode in PhOLEDs and provide key insights for device design for realizing better performance and stability.
Efficacy and Safety of Atrasentan in Patients With Cardiovascular Risk and Early Atherosclerosis (2008)

Endothelin plays an important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the safety and hemodynamic and metabolic responses to 6 months treatment with atrasentan, the selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist. Seventy-two patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors and nonobstructive coronary artery disease on coronary angiogram were randomly assigned in a double-blind manner to atrasentan or placebo. Mean aortic blood pressure decreased from 92+/-10 to 80+/-10 mm Hg (P<0.001) in the atrasentan group and did not change in the placebo group (93+/-10 and 92+/-11 mm Hg; P=0.84). The difference between the groups was significant (P<0.001). No effect on heart rate was observed. In a subgroup of patients not treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, creatinine level decreased in the atrasentan versus the placebo group (P=0.011). Fasting glucose (P=0.026), glycosylated hemoglobin level (P=0.041), triglyceride l (P=0.013), lipoprotein-A (P=0.046), and uric acid levels (P=0.048) decreased significantly in the atrasentan group compared with the placebo group. No progression of angiographic coronary disease was observed. The most common adverse effects with atrasentan were nasal stuffiness, headache, and edema. In conclusion, 6 months of treatment with atrasentan results in a reduction of blood pressure and improvement in glucose and lipid metabolism. These findings suggest the beneficial role of atrasentan in the treatment of hypertension and metabolic syndrome.
Micromechanical response of pure magnesium at different strain rate and temperature conditions: twin to slip and slip to twin transitions (2022)

The strain rate (ε˙) and temperature (T) dependent mechanical response of single crystal magnesium (Mg) micropillars compressed along the [2¯110] direction (a-axis) is investigated from room temperature to 573 K and from 10-3 to 100 s-1. The loading direction was chosen to disfavour basal slip activation by a low Schmid factor, allowing the investigation of the rate-sensitivities of extension twinning and prismatic slip. For T ≤ 423 K, the plasticity was governed by extension twinning for the entire range of the applied strain rates. At T > 423 K and for ε˙ ≤ 10 s-1, extension twinning did not occur and a continuous plastic flow induced by prismatic dislocation mediated plasticity was observed: the twin to slip transition takes place due to the decrease of the critical resolved shear stress of non-basal slip. For ε˙ > 10 s-1, however, the accommodation of the plastic deformation by activation of prismatic slip is not enough to match the applied deformation rate, favouring again deformation twinning. The first part of this work provides a complete overview of the mutual effects of T and ε˙ on the transition points of deformation modes in Mg at the microscale. In a second stage, the influence of thermal and kinetic contributions on the evolution of the flow stress leading to the slip to twin transition at 573 K has been assessed in more detail. Within the slip-dominated plasticity regime, this work provides a quantitative assessment of the increases in the saturation stress (stage III) with ε˙ at high temperature, showing how the strain rate dependency of the dislocation generation rate in the pillar and escape rate at the free surfaces of the structure controls the stress evolution in Mg microcrystals.
Surface plasmon driven near- and midinfrared photoconductivity in ligand-free ITO nanocrystal films (2020)

Semiconductor nanocrystals (NCs) offer exciting opportunities to deploy infrared optoelectronic technology in a variety of applications that are off-limits to conventional single-crystalline materials. However, the performance and stability of state-of-the-art NC-based devices strongly depend on the details of the NC surface and its passivating ligands. Here, the authors use indium tin oxide NC films stripped of organic ligands and conformally coated with Al2O3 to show that absorption enabled by infrared localized surface plasmon resonances permit infrared photoconduction. For Au electrodes, these metallic NC films exhibit stable photoconductive performance over months in ambient and under electrical stress.