gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phase noise suppression through parametric filtering (2017)

In this work, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a parametric phase noise suppression technique, which we call “parametric phase noise filtering.” This technique is based on the use of a solid-state parametric amplifier operating in its instability region and included in a non-autonomous feedback loop connected at the output of a noisy oscillator. We demonstrate that such a system behaves as a parametrically driven Duffing resonator and can operate at special points where it becomes largely immune to the phase fluctuations that affect the oscillator output signal. A prototype of a parametric phase noise filter (PFIL) was designed and fabricated to operate in the very-high-frequency range. The PFIL prototype allowed us to significantly reduce the phase noise at the output of a commercial signal generator operating around 220 MHz. Noise reduction of 16 dB (40×) and 13 dB (20×) were obtained, respectively, at 1 and 10 kHz offsets from the carrier frequency. The demonstration of this phase noise suppression technique opens up scenarios in the development of passive and low-cost phase noise cancellation circuits for any application demanding high quality frequency generation.
Inherently Chiral Calixarenes from Catalytic Enantioselective Transannular Arene-Arene Cross-Coupling Reaction (2022)

Under the catalysis of PdBr2 and a chiral phosphoramidite ligand derived from R-3,3'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-[1,1'-binaphthalene]-2,2'-diol, the upper-rim mono (2-bromoaroyl)-substituted calix[4]arene derivatives underwent facile enantioselective desymmetrization reaction to afford 9H-fluorene-embedded inherently chiral cyclophanes in good yields with ee up to 94%. The transannular arene-arene cross coupling reaction proceeded most probably through an oxidation addition of Caryl-Br bond to ligated palladium catalyst, an unusual long range 1,5-palladium migration fol-lowed by the intramolecular arylation sequence. Because of the macrocyclic strain, the newly formed 9H-fuorene segment adopts curved structure, rendering highly rigid inherently chiral macrocycles unique chiroptical property.
Plating-free Bumping by Cu Nanopaste and Injection Molded Solder (IMS) for Fine Pitch Flip Chip Joining (2020)

We have newly developed a plating-free bumping process by Cu nanopaste with injection molded solder (IMS) technology. In the new process, Cu pillars are fabricated by filling photoresist openings with Cu nanopaste followed by pressure-free Cu sintering. The Cu nanopaste in the photoresist opening forms a unique cup-shaped Cu pillar after the sintering process due to the evaporation of solution in the paste and to the aggregation of Cu nanoparticles. Molten solder is injected, by the IMS technology, into the space created by the cup-shaped Cu pillar in the photoresist opening. The photoresist layer is then stripped for solder bump formation. In this paper, we demonstrated the fabrication of 60 μm pitch and 33 μm diameter bumps, and of 80 μm pitch and 46 μm diameter bumps by new bumping process. Mechanical integrity of the bumps was confirmed by bump shear testing. Reliability of the joints was also confirmed through preconditioning test, temperature cycling test, high temperature storage test, or highly accelerated stress test. Thermomechanical analysis of 2D/2.5D packages using the joints with sintered Cu nanoparticles was conducted.
The Role of Sample Geometry on Ultra-Low Alpha Particle Emissivity Measurements (2016)

The detection efficiency of an ionization counter and the resulting energy spectra of samples can be dependent on the sample geometry. This is especially important for samples that are large compared to the size of the detector since some of the alpha particles emitted near the edge of the samples might not be collected if their trajectories fall outside the active area of the detector. We examine this effect in detail by measuring the alpha particles detected for rings and disks of various sizes, and compare the results to analytical and Monte Carlo models.
Hybrid Link/Path-Based Design for Translucent Photonic Network Dimensioning (2007)

The advancement of ultralong-haul transmission technology has dramatically enhanced the all-optical reaches. However, the actual situations of installed fiber and sites for terrestrial network often prevent implementing a purely transparent network, and thus, opaque reshaping retiming regenerating (3R) regeneration is required to guarantee optical signal reachability. Since 3R regenerators based on optical/electrical/optical conversion tend to dominate the total network costs, an efficient network design method that allocates a minimum number of 3R regenerators to optimum locations is essential to build a cost-effective photonic network. In this paper, we propose such a network-dimensioning method by combining the advantages of link-based and path-based design approaches. It first guarantees optical signal reachability for any possible traffic demand in each segmented linear link. After combining all the links, excessive regenerators are eliminated based on the optical signal quality check with -factor calculation for each wavelength path. A trial design of a large-scale mesh network demonstrated a significant cost savings of more than 30% in comparison with a conventional link-based design. In the trial, the impact of fiber loss coefficient over the total network cost was investigated quantitatively, addressing the importance of such quantitative modeling and analysis.
Solid state amperometric sensors for the detection of hazardous compound (1987)

Miniaturized amperometric chemical sensors designed to detect trace levels of hazardous vapors are being developed by two related approaches. Active sensors have been fabricated with microelectronic techniques on Nafion, a solid organic proton conductor. A variety of working electrode designs were fabricated with different grid densities in order to investigate the relationship between sensor geometry and analytical performance. Although sensitive sensors have been fabricated utilizing Nafion as a solid electrolyte support, there are certain properties of Nafion which may ultimately limit its applicability to micro-fabrication techniques (e.g., changes in volume following contact with moisture). Alternative solid electrolyte materials are being incorporated into water-free amperometric sensors. RbAg/sub 4/I/sub 5/, a solid electrolyte, has been successfully used in a solid state amperometric sensor with a platinum working electrode and a silver counter and reference electrode. These sensors were evaluated in terms of response time, sensitivity, and lifetime. 7 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.
Search for High-Mass Resonances Decaying to τν in pp Collisions at s=13  TeV with the ATLAS Detector (2018)

A search for high-mass resonances decaying to τν using proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=13 TeV produced by the Large Hadron Collider is presented. Only τ-lepton decays with hadrons in the final state are considered. The data were recorded with the ATLAS detector and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 36.1 fb^{-1}. No statistically significant excess above the standard model expectation is observed; model-independent upper limits are set on the visible τν production cross section. Heavy W^{'} bosons with masses less than 3.7 TeV in the sequential standard model and masses less than 2.2-3.8 TeV depending on the coupling in the nonuniversal G(221) model are excluded at the 95% credibility level.
Performance Evaluation of Secure Network Coding Using Homomorphic Signature (2011)

Network coding has gained significant attention by improving throughput and reliability in disruptive MANETs. Yet, it is vulnerable to attacks from malicious nodes. In order to prevent malicious attacks, we have explored the use of secure network coding schemes based on homomorphic properties of cryptographic systems. While homomorphic methods, especially those based on public key cryptography, provide strong protection against both external and internal attacks, they do increase processing overhead as they require complex cryptographic operations (e.g., exponentiation, multiplication, modular operations). The goal of this paper is two fold: assess the feasibility of implementing Homomorphic Network Coding in an off-the-shelf laptop/smartphone platform, and evaluate the processing and delay performance when such implementations are deployed in a simple network scenario. To this end, we have implemented in LINUX an RSA-based homomorphic algorithm which exhibits very competitive processing efficiency as compared with published (public-key) schemes. For the LINUX implementation we have measured the processing delay for various flow and parameter settings. We have then integrated the homomorphic processing model (with associated O/H) in a MANET network simulator. Using this simulator, we have evaluated the performance of secure network coding under various network conditions and have compared it with other secure network coding schemes. We conclude the paper with a discussion of secure coding feasibility and cost for different application scenarios.
Superplasticity of the Nanostructured Binary Systems of Zirconiaalumina‐Spinel Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering Process (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Materials Processing and Experiments Results and Discussions Conclusions Acknowledgement
Heterobimetallic (Ferrocenyl)indenyl Rhodium Complexes. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Oxidative Activation of [η5-(1-Ferrocenyl)indenyl]RhL2 [L2 = COD, NBD, (CO)2] (2002)

The binuclear [η5-(1-ferrocenyl)indenyl]Rh(NBD) (1), [η5-(1-ferrocenyl)indenyl]Rh(COD) (1a), and [η5-(1-ferrocenyl)indenyl]Rh(CO)2 (2) complexes have been synthesized (NBD = norbornadiene; COD = cycloocta-1,5-diene). The crystal structure determination showed that the iron and rhodium nuclei are disposed in a transoid configuration in 1 probably to avoid steric repulsions. On the contrary, in 2 the metals are in a cisoid configuration due to the presence of stabilizing π-hydrogen bonds between the CO's and the hydrogens of the unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl ring. The results of the chemical and electrochemical oxidation of 2 are in favor of the existence of an effective interaction between the two metals.
Fingerprint Stimulated Raman Scattering Imaging Unveils Ergosteryl Ester as a Metabolic Signature of Azole-Resistant Candida albicans (2023)

<i>Candida albicans</i> (<i>C. albicans</i>), a major fungal pathogen, causes life-threatening infections in immunocompromised individuals. Fluconazole (FLC) is recommended as first-line therapy for treatment of invasive fungal infections. However, the widespread use of FLC has resulted in increased antifungal resistance among different strains of <i>Candida</i>, especially <i>C. albicans</i>, which is a leading source of hospital-acquired infections. Here, by hyperspectral stimulated Raman scattering imaging of single fungal cells in the fingerprint window and pixel-wise spectral unmixing, we report aberrant ergosteryl ester accumulation in azole-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> compared to azole-susceptible species. This accumulation was a consequence of <i>de novo</i> lipogenesis. Lipid profiling by mass spectroscopy identified ergosterol oleate to be the major species stored in azole-resistant <i>C. albicans</i>. Blocking ergosterol esterification by oleate and suppressing sterol synthesis by FLC synergistically suppressed the viability of <i>C. albicans</i> <i>in vitro</i> and limited the growth of biofilm on mouse skin <i>in vivo</i>. Our findings highlight a metabolic marker and a new therapeutic strategy for targeting azole-resistant <i>C. albicans</i> by interrupting the esterified ergosterol biosynthetic pathway.
Isolation of influenza A viruses from migratory waterfowls in San-in District, Western Japan in 1979-1980. (1981)

From December, 1979 to April, 1980, winter migratory waterfowls of some species staying in San-in District, western Japan were surveyed for influenza virus. A total of 27 influenza A viruses, 11 Hav1 Neq1 and 16 Hav6 Nav3, were isolated from 90 fecal specimens of whistling swans. A total of 13 influenza A viruses, 11 Hav1 Neq1 and one Hav6 Nav3, were isolated from 245 fecal samples of black-tailed gulls. Two viruses (Hav1 Neq1) were isolated from 40 tufted ducks. Sampling date, incidence and the antigenic subtype of the isolates were correlated.
Multiring Circular Transmission Line Model for Ultralow Contact Resistivity Extraction (2015)

Accurate determination of contact resistivities ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${\rho_{c}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) below <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1 \times 10^{-8}\Omega \cdot \text {cm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is challenging. Among the frequently applied transmission line models (TLMs), circular TLM (CTLM) has a simple process flow, while refined TLM (RTLM) has a high <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> accuracy at the expense of a more complex fabrication. In this letter, we will present a novel model—multiring CTLM (MR-CTLM) , which combines the advantages of a simple process and a high <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> extraction resolution. We fabricated ultralow- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> Ti/n-Si contacts and demonstrated the capability of MR-CTLM to extract the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\rho _{c}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> as low as <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$6.2 \times 10^{-9}~\Omega \cdot {\rm cm}^{2}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> with high precision.
Comparison of fluorine-18-FDG PET and technetium-99m-MIBI SPECT in evaluation of musculoskeletal sarcomas. (1996)

FDG-PET and MIBI-SPECT are useful in differentiating active sarcomas from post-treatment changes and in evaluating therapeutic response. MIBI-SPECT and FDG-PET findings should be interpreted in con junction with CT and/or MRI. FDG-PET shows statistically significant higher sensitivity than MIBI-SPECT. A positive FDG but negative MIBI scan might suggest a multidrug resistance.
Supplementary Table 2 from Systematic Kinome shRNA Screening Identifies CDK11 (PITSLRE) Kinase Expression Is Critical for Osteosarcoma Cell Growth and Proliferation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 99K, Comparison of the clinical characteristics of 58 patients with CDK11 low-staining (&lt;=3)and high-staining (&gt;=4) of osteosarcoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Context-dependent sound event detection (2013)

The work presented in this article studies how the context information can be used in the automatic sound event detection process, and how the detection system can benefit from such information. Humans are using context information to make more accurate predictions about the sound events and ruling out unlikely events given the context. We propose a similar utilization of context information in the automatic sound event detection process. The proposed approach is composed of two stages: automatic context recognition stage and sound event detection stage. Contexts are modeled using Gaussian mixture models and sound events are modeled using three-state left-to-right hidden Markov models. In the first stage, audio context of the tested signal is recognized. Based on the recognized context, a context-specific set of sound event classes is selected for the sound event detection stage. The event detection stage also uses context-dependent acoustic models and count-based event priors. Two alternative event detection approaches are studied. In the first one, a monophonic event sequence is outputted by detecting the most prominent sound event at each time instance using Viterbi decoding. The second approach introduces a new method for producing polyphonic event sequence by detecting multiple overlapping sound events using multiple restricted Viterbi passes. A new metric is introduced to evaluate the sound event detection performance with various level of polyphony. This combines the detection accuracy and coarse time-resolution error into one metric, making the comparison of the performance of detection algorithms simpler. The two-step approach was found to improve the results substantially compared to the context-independent baseline system. In the block-level, the detection accuracy can be almost doubled by using the proposed context-dependent event detection.
Fabry-Perot nanocavities in 3D plasmonic crystals for enhanced biosensing (2009)

Extraordinary light transmission effect through Fabry-Perot cavities in 3D plasmonic crystals consisting of two physically separated metallic nanohole and nanodisk array layers is demonstrated. These cavity resonances are highly sensitive to refractive index changes.
French Top Civil Servants Within Changing Configurations: From Monopolization to Contested Places and Roles? (2007)

The top civil service under the French Fifth Republic is usually considered to be a distinctive, closed and powerful social group within the state. Many scholars underscore that the early Fifth Republic has accentuated the historical French pattern of a centralized political system with elitist institutions and an administrative system which offers both a high degree of autonomy to its administrative system and great opportunities for its top civil servants to occupy key administrative and political positions. Since the early 1980s, important shifts in the political, institutional, social and economic context have considerably modified the environment in which senior officials operate and on which their power and influence depends. National policies such as decentralization, nationalization and privatization and other changes, such as those resulting from EU membership and changes in parties in power have transformed the roles, work and conditions of top civil servants. Many have argued that the higher civil service remains unchanged and unreformed. However, this view may be misleading. The aim of this chapter is to examine the dynamics of change in the top civil service and to identify more changes, not necessarily radical breaks with the past, than are usually recognized. As a large and heterogeneous group, the higher civil service reveals and reflects some of the transformative dynamics which affect the French state.
A new transgenic rat model overexpressing the angiotensin II type 2 receptor provides evidence for inhibition of cell proliferation in the outer adrenal cortex (2012)

This study aimed to elucidate the role of the AT(2) receptor (AT(2)R), which is expressed and upregulated in the adrenal zona glomerulosa (ZG) under conditions of increased aldosterone production. We developed a novel transgenic rat (TGR; TGRCXmAT(2)R) that overexpresses the AT(2)R in the adrenal gland, heart, kidney, brain, skeletal muscle, testes, lung, spleen, aorta, and vein. As a consequence the total angiotensin II (Ang II) binding sites increased 7.8-fold in the kidney, 25-fold in the heart, and twofold in the adrenals. The AT(2)R number amounted to 82-98% of total Ang II binding sites. In the ZG of TGRCXmAT(2)R, the AT(2)R density was elevated threefold relative to wild-type (WT) littermates, whereas AT(1)R density remained unchanged. TGRCXmAT(2)R rats were viable and exhibited normal reproduction, blood pressure, and kidney function. Notably, a slightly but significantly reduced body weight and a moderate increase in plasma urea were observed. With respect to adrenal function, 24-h urinary and plasma aldosterone concentrations were unaffected in TGRCXmAT(2)R at baseline. Three and 14 days of Ang II infusion (300 ng·min(-1)·kg(-1)) increased plasma aldosterone levels in WT and in TGR. These changes were completely abolished by the AT(1)R blocker losartan. Of note, glomerulosa cell proliferation, as indicated by the number of Ki-67-positive glomerulosa cells, was stimulated by Ang II in TGR and WT rats; however, this increase was significantly attenuated in TGR overexpressing the AT(2)R. In conclusion, AT(2)R in the adrenal ZG inhibits Ang II-induced cell proliferation but has no obvious lasting effect on the regulation of the aldosterone production at the investigated stages.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of P‐Stereogenic Phosphines via Enantioselective Alkylation (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis, cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory activity of rhamnose-containing ursolic and betulinic acid saponins (2019)

Betulinic acid and ursolic acid are ubiquitous, naturally-occurring triterpenoids exhibiting various pharmacological activities including cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities. However, these triterpenoids display unfavorable pharmacokinetic properties as well as low aqueous solubility. It has been shown that the presence of α-l-rhamnose moieties positively modulates the anticancer activity of secondary metabolites. Herein we report the synthesis and <i>in vitro</i> evaluation of cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory activities of a series of rhamnose-containing ursolic and betulinic acid saponins. Relying on Schmidt's normal and inverse procedures, monorhamnosides, (1→4)-linked dirhamnosides as well as branched trirhamnosides and tetrarhamnosides were synthesized in high yields with full control of stereoselectivity. A betulinic acid saponin bearing a 3-<i>O</i>-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl residue was found to be a potent cytotoxic agent against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells without damaging the healthy cells (selectivity ratio > 20) whereas rhamnose-containing ursolic acid saponins potently inhibited NO overproduction induced by LPS-stimulated macrophages. Our results reveal that rhamnose-containing ursolic and betulinic acid saponins represent promising therapeutic agents.