gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bead Enhancement of EV Analysis (2018)

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are recognized cancer biomarkers, however, clinical analysis has been difficult due to a lack of simple and sensitive assays. Here, we describe a bead-enhanced flow cytometry method, BEAD flow, using biotinylated EVs captured on streptavidin particles. With this method, we show analysis of patient-derived EVs using a panel of pancreatic cancer biomarkers. BEAD flow is easily translatable to any biomarker or cancer type and can be run with conventional flow cytometers, making it highly flexible and adaptable to diverse research and clinical needs.
A simple model for MPEG video traffic (2002)

A simple approach to model MPEG coded video traffic is proposed. The idea is to first decompose the MPEG video traffic into three components, corresponding to I, P, and B frames, each modeled by a self-similar process. These processes are then structurally modulated in a manner similar to how the frames are grouped into the GOP (Group of Pictures) pattern. The new model is shown to be able to capture the statistical properties (both LRD and SRD) of the MPEG video traffic.
CORRELATION OF THROMBOPHILIA AND HYPOFIBRINOLYSIS WITH PULMONARY EMBOLISM FOLLOWING TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (2002)

Genetic thrombophilia and hypofibrinolysis were more frequent in patients who had had pulmonary embolism after total hip arthroplasty than in those who had not. The presence of multiple genetic thrombophilic polymorphisms, particularly prothrombin G20210A and antithrombin III, rather than any single genetic prothrombotic abnormality, appears to signal an increased thromboembolic risk in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty. Future refinements and availability of these tests will likely allow preoperative identification of patients with an increased genetic predisposition for thromboembolism.
Using elongated microparticles to enhance tailorable nanoemulsion delivery in excised human skin and volunteers (2018)

This study demonstrates, for the first time, clinical testing of elongated silica microparticles (EMP) combined with tailorable nanoemulsions (TNE) to enhance topical delivery of hydrophobic drug surrogates. Likewise, this is the first report of 6-carboxyfluorescein (a model molecule for topically delivered hydrophobic drugs) AM1 & DAMP4 (novel short peptide surfactants) used in volunteers. The EMP penetrates through the epidermis and stop at the dermal-epidermal junction (DEJ). TNE are unusually stable and useful because the oil core allows high drug loading levels and the surface properties can be easily controlled. At first, we chose alginate as a crosslinking agent between EMP and TNE. We initially incorporated a fluorescent lipophilic dye, DiI, as a hydrophobic drug surrogate into TNE for visualization with microscopy. We compared four different coating approaches to combine EMP and TNE and tested these formulations in freshly excised human skin. The delivery profile characterisation was imaged by dye- free coherent anti-Stoke Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy to detect the core droplet of TNE that was packed with pharmaceutical grade lipid (glycerol) instead of DiI. These data show the EMP penetrating to the DEJ followed by controlled release of the TNE. Freeze-dried formulations with crosslinking resulted in a sustained release profile, whereas a freeze-dried formulation without crosslinking showed an immediate burst-type release profile. Finally, we tested the crosslinked TNE coated EMP formulation in volunteers using multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to document the penetration depth characteristics. These forms of microscopy have limitations in terms of image acquisition speed and imaging area coverage but can detect fluorescent drug delivery through the superficial skin in volunteers. 6-Carboxyfluorescein was selected as the fluorescent drug surrogate for the volunteer study based on the similarity of size, charge and hydrophobicity characteristics to small therapeutic drugs that are difficult to deliver through skin. The imaging data showed a 6-carboxyfluorescein signal deep in volunteer skin supporting the hypothesis that EMP can indeed enhance the delivery of TNE in human skin. There were no adverse events recorded at the time of the study or after the study, supporting the use of 6-carboxyfluorescein as a safe and detectable drug surrogate for topical drug research. In conclusion, dry formulations, with controllable release profiles can be obtained with TNE coated EMP that can effectively enhance hydrophobic payload delivery deep into the human epidermis.
Exploring the Utility of Buchwald Ligands for C–H Oxidative Direct Arylation Polymerizations (2019)

Oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling polymerizations provide an opportunity to synthesize conjugated polymers with an increased ease of monomer preparation, reduced environmental impact, and increased sustainability. Considering these attributes, it is necessary to expand the diversity of monomers that readily and efficiently participate in this coupling strategy to enable the development of conjugated polymers with a wide range of properties. Herein, the oxidative direct arylation polymerization toolbox is expanded to include 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene being synthesized via C-H/C-H cross-coupling methodologies. In conjunction with these efforts, the utilization of Buchwald ligands in C-H/C-H cross coupling polymerizations also is reported, and variations in the ligand structure provide insight into the role ligand choice has on C-H cross-coupling polymerizations. Specifically, it is determined that the phosphine functionality affects the rate-determining, concerted metalation-deprotonation step of the catalytic cycle, while bulky isopropyl substituents on the ligand's lower aryl ring promote reductive elimination. By balancing these steric effects on the ancillary ligands, polymers are synthesized to exhibit molecular weights above the effective conjugation length, with recovered yields >90%. In addition to expanding the scope of conjugated polymers accessible via oxidative direct arylation polymerization, these results provide the foundational understanding for utilizing Buchwald-type ligands in C-H-activated polymerizations.
ChemInform Abstract: C—H Bond Functionalization via Hydride Transfer: Synthesis of Dihydrobenzopyrans from ortho‐Vinylaryl Alkyl Ethers. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
New details of spun fibers measured with an OFDR (2006)

OFDR signals from spun fibers contain frequency components related to a beating between effective beat length and spin period. Agreement between simulation and measured data allows correct extraction of spin period and effective beat length
Post-exercise Nasal Vasoconstriction and Hyporeactivity: Possible Involvement of Neuropeptide Y (1997)

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is co-localized with noradrenaline (NA) in perivascular sympathetic nerve and is a vasoconstrictor. Pre-treatment with exogenous NPY markedly reduced nasal airway obstruction and rhinorrhea induced by the irritant capsaicin in control subjects. The aim of the present experiments was to study the time course variations of plasma concentrations of NA and NPY during and after intense exercise in 17 healthy volunteers. In parallel, changes in nasal airway resistance (NAR) were recorded. Nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea induced by capsaicin were compared after 30 min of rest and after 30 min of exercise. Both subjective and objective NAR were significantly reduced (p < 0.05) for over 15 min after the end of exercise. Plasma levels of NPY remained increased for more than 15 min after exercise whereas NA returned to basal values within less than 10 min. The increases of NAR and mucus production evoked by capsaicin were markedly attenuated for 30 min after exercise (p < 0.05). Variations of plasma NPY concentrations over time correlated better with post-exercise nasal vasoconstriction and hyporeactivity to capsaicin than NA. These observations suggest that endogenous NPY could be involved in the prolonged post-exercise nasal vasoconstriction and acts as a modulator of nasal airways reactivity.
Production of Interleukin‐4, Interferon (IFN)‐γ and IFN‐α in Human Immunodeficiency Virus‐1 Infection: An Imbalance of Type 1 and Type 2 Cytokines may Reduce the Synthesis of IFN‐α (1998)

Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) is an important molecule in the antiviral response, but cells from HIV-1-infected individuals show a reduced ability to secrete IFN-alpha. We investigated an association between an imbalance of type 1/type2 cytokines and the production of IFN-alpha in HIV-1 infection. We used whole blood culture to study the cytokine production profile, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), in response to HIV-1 antigens and to study the Sendai Virus and HSV-1-induced-production of IFN-alpha in seven HIV-1-infected patients. An impaired synthesis of IFN-alpha was obtained in patients with a predominant IL-4 production (IL-4 > IFN-gamma), and we found a positive correlation between the ex vivo production of IFN-alpha and the IFN-gamma/IL-4 ratio but not with the HIV RNA copy number in plasma. We investigated the role of T-cell-derived cytokines in the in vitro production of IFN-alpha by PBMC from eight healthy donors, activated with Sendai Virus or HSV-1. Whereas type 2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-13) inhibited virus-induced IFN-alpha synthesis, on the contrary, type 1 cytokines (IL-2, IFN-gamma) enhanced it. A disarray in the T-cell-derived cytokine response may play a role in the defect of IFN-alpha production in HIV-1-infected individuals. Further investigations are needed to explore this hypothesis.
>25× Reduction in the Effective Nonlinear Coefficient over a 100-nm Wavelength Range using Vertically-Slotted Silicon Waveguide (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Y. Yue, L. Zhang, J. Wang, Y. Xiao-Li, R. G. Beausoleil, and A. E. Willner, ">25× Reduction in the Effective Nonlinear Coefficient over a 100-nm Wavelength Range using Vertically-Slotted Silicon Waveguide," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics 2010, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper CThR6. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Ionosphere Monitoring Methodology for Hybrid Dual-Frequency LAAS (2006)

Strong ionosphere storms are a potential threat for the Local Area Augmentation System (LAAS). During these storms, very large spatial gradients of ionosphere delays might cause significant errors in user position estimation. Therefore, LAAS needs to continuously monitor ionosphere behavior in order to ensure integrity against the ionosphere anomalies. This paper introduces a new ionosphere monitoring method using dual-frequency GPS signals. This method consists of two algorithms, each of which measures a different aspect of the ionosphere delay behavior. The first algorithm estimates the rate of change of the ionosphere delay in time by using dual-frequency carrier-phase measurements. Although the algorithm estimates the temporal gradients very precisely, it cannot observe ionosphere fronts which appear to be stationary. The second algorithm directly computes the ionosphere spatial differences between the LAAS Ground Facility (LGF) and the user, estimating the ionosphere delays with dual-frequency code measurements. By definition, this algorithm has no unobservable condition. However, the estimated differences are noisy. Combining these two algorithms, we develop an ionosphere monitoring method in which these algorithms work complementarily. We then formulate a theoretical Vertical Protection Level (VPL) customized to this method. Availability simulations show that the system with the new monitor provides better performance than conventional single-frequency LAAS. 1.
Radiosynthesis of novel pitavastatin derivative ([18F]PTV‐F1) as a tracer for hepatic OATP using a one‐pot synthetic procedure (2016)

Pitavastatin is an antihyperlipidemic agent, a potent inhibitor of 3-hydroxymethyl-glutaryl-CoA reductase, which is selectively taken up into the liver mainly via hepatic organic anion transporting polypeptide 1B1 (OATP1B1). OATP1B1 can accept a variety of organic anions, and previous reports indicated that it is responsible for the hepatic clearance of several clinically used anionic drugs. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics and the hepatic distribution of pitavastatin provide an insight into the function of OATP1B1 in humans. For the development of the in vivo evaluation of OATP1B1 function by positron emission tomography imaging, we designed a novel [<sup>18</sup> F]pitavastatin derivative ([<sup>18</sup> F]PTV-F1), in which a [<sup>18</sup> F]fluoroethoxy group is substituted for the [<sup>18</sup> F]fluoro group of [<sup>18</sup> F]pitavastatin, with the aim of convenient radiolabeling protocol and high radiochemical yield. In vitro studies suggested that transport activities of PTV-F1 mediated by OATP1B1 and OATP1B3 were very similar to those of pitavastatin and PTV-F1 was metabolically stable in human liver microsomes. In the radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup> F]PTV-F1 from the tosylate precursor, nucleophilic fluorination and subsequent deprotection were performed using a one-pot procedure. [<sup>18</sup> F]PTV-F1 was obtained with a radiochemical yield of 45% ± 3% (n = 3), and the operating time for the radiosynthesis of [<sup>18</sup> F]PTV-F1 is very short (30 minutes) compared with [<sup>18</sup> F]pitavastatin.
Enhanced airport surface multi-carrier communication systems: Filterbank advantages over AeroMACS OFDM (2017)

Civil aviation is continuing to grow, and along with growth in numbers of flights and passengers comes growth in communications. In particular airport surface environments are one of the areas in which rapid development of communication systems is taking place. Several years ago the Federal Aviation Administration, EUROCONTROL, and the International Civil Aviation Organization proposed a communication system based on WiMAX technology for airport surface areas: AeroMACS. The AeroMACS communication system is designed for civil aircraft but could also be applied to military airports as well. In this paper we investigate a new communication system for the unique airport surface environment. Our system has physical layer specifications similar to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) approach used in AeroMACS, but is instead based on the filterbank multicarrier (FBMC) technique. Via computer simulations, using channel models based on measured data collected by NASA Glenn Research Center, we illustrate the FBMC advantages over AeroMACS. Our results show that using zero-forcing or least-square (LS) channel estimation techniques, FBMC and AeroMACS have similar performance, but FBMC affords a significant gain in throughput. Although FBMC has slightly worse bit error ratio (BER) performance than AeroMACS at high signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) the throughput advantage of the proposed FBMC design is approximately 23 percent.
Supplementary Tables and Figures from Phase I Study of Single-Agent Utomilumab (PF-05082566), a 4-1BB/CD137 Agonist, in Patients with Advanced Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S1. Reason for treatment discontinuation Supplementary Table S2. Select laboratory abnormalities by maximum CTCAE grade Supplementary Table S3. Pharmacokinetic parameters for single-agent utomilumab (cycle 1) Supplementary Figure S1. Patient disposition. Supplementary Figure S2. Dose normalized Cmax of single-agent utomilumab in ADA-negative and ADA-positive patients (cycle 2, day 1). Supplementary Figure S3. Lymphocyte subpopulations assessed by flow cytometry over an 8-week (2-cycle) period following treatment with utomilumab.&lt;/p&gt;
Solution structure of the rhodanese homology domain At4g01050(175–295) from Arabidopsis thaliana (2004)

The three-dimensional structure of the rhodanese homology domain At4g01050(175-195) from Arabidopsis thaliana has been determined by solution nuclear magnetic resonance methods based on 3043 upper distance limits derived from NOE intensities measured in three-dimensional NOESY spectra. The structure shows a backbone root mean square deviation to the mean coordinates of 0.43 A for the structured residues 7-125. The fold consists of a central parallel beta-sheet with five strands in the order 1-5-4-2-3 and arranged in the conventional counterclockwise twist, and helices packing against each side of the beta-sheet. Comparison with the sequences of other proteins with a rhodanese homology domain in Arabidopsis thaliana indicated residues that could play an important role in the scaffold of the rhodanese homology domain. Finally, a three-dimensional structure comparison of the present noncatalytic rhodanese homology domain with the noncatalytic rhodanese domains of sulfurtransferases from other organisms discloses differences in the length and conformation of loops that could throw light on the role of the noncatalytic rhodanese domain in sulfurtransferases.
Natural van der Waals Heterostructures with Tunable Magnetic and Topological States (2019)

Heterostructures having both magnetism and topology are promising materials for the realization of exotic topological quantum states while challenging in synthesis and engineering. Here, we report natural magnetic van der Waals heterostructures of (MnBi2Te4)m(Bi2Te3)n that exhibit controllable magnetic properties while maintaining their topological surface states. The interlayer antiferromagnetic exchange coupling is gradually weakened as the separation of magnetic layers increases, and an anomalous Hall effect that is well coupled with magnetization and shows ferromagnetic hysteresis was observed below 5 K. The obtained homogeneous heterostructure with atomically sharp interface and intrinsic magnetic properties will be an ideal platform for studying the quantum anomalous Hall effect, axion insulator states, and the topological magnetoelectric effect.
Multiple Eigenspace Models for Scene Segmentation and Occlusion Removal (2004)

Abstract. We present a method that uses eigenspace models to segment an input image into a foreground and a background component. The algorithm segments the input image into the two components, removes the mutual occlusions among the objects of the foreground and background component, and reconstructs the occluded portions of both the foreground and the background component. The problem is formulated as a nonlinear optimization and an approximate solution is found by an iterative process that alternates between input image segmentation and component reconstruction, gradually improving the two components extracted from the input image. The novelty of this approach lies in the use of multiple eigenspaces to achieve a model-based segmentation of the input image in an iterative framework. This method yields segments that correspond to meaningful real-world objects even in the presence of occlusions, and these segments can be directly used for other tasks like object recognition. This method differs from the traditional segmentation algorithms as it is not obtained in the usual bottom-up manner but is model-guided. We demonstrate the utility of the algorithm in the segmentation and recognition of partially occluded humans in an office environment. 1
Adaptive Regularization of Some Inverse Problems in Image Analysis (2019)

We present an adaptive regularization scheme for optimizing composite energy functionals arising in image analysis problems. The scheme automatically trades off data fidelity and regularization depending on the current data fit during the iterative optimization, so that regularization is strongest initially, and wanes as data fidelity improves, with the weight of the regularizer being minimized at convergence. We also introduce a Huber loss function in both data fidelity and regularization terms, and present an efficient convex optimization algorithm based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) using the equivalent relation between the Huber function and the proximal operator of the one-norm. We illustrate and validate our adaptive Huber-Huber model on synthetic and real images in segmentation, motion estimation, and denoising problems.
Methods of hydrolyzing pretreated densified biomass particulates and systems related thereto (2023)

A method is provided in which pretreated and densified cellulosic biomass particulates can be hydrolyzed at a high solids loading rate as compared with the solids loading rate of loose hydrolysable cellulosic biomass fibers. The resulting high concentration sugar-containing stream can be easily converted to biofuels or an entire suite of other useful bioproducts.
Towards fractional-order capacitors with broad tunable constant phase angles: multi-walled carbon nanotube-polymer composite as a case study (2018)

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) filled Polyevinelidenefluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE-CFE) composites are used to realize fractional-order capacitors (FOCs). A solution-mixing and drop-casting approach is used to fabricate the composite. Due to the high aspect ratio of MWCNTs, percolation regime starts at a small weight percentage (wt%), 1.00 % .The distributed MWCNTs inside the polymer act as an electrical network of micro-capacitors and micro-resistors, which, in effect, behaves like a FOC. The resulting FOCs' constant phase angle (CPA) can be tuned from to by changing the wt% of the MWCNTs. This is the largest dynamic range reported so far at the frequency range from 150 kHz to 2 MHz for an FOC. Furthermore, the CPA and pseudo-capacitance are shown to be practically stable (with less than 1% variation) when the applied voltage is, changed between 500 µV and 5V. For a fixed value of CPA, the pseudo-capacitance can be tuned by changing the thickness of the composite, which can be done in a straightforward manner via the solution-mixing and drop-casting fabrication approach. Finally, it is shown that the frequency of a Hartley oscillator built using an FOC is almost 15 times higher than that of a Hartley oscillator built using a conventional capacitor.
How Well Can Cosmological Parameters Be Estimated from CMB Observations? (1994)

The CMB anisotropy depends sensitively upon the slope and amplitude of primordial density and gravitational wave fluctuations, the baryon density, the Hubble constant, the cosmological constant, the ionization history, {\it etc.} We report on recent work showing how well multi-scale measurements of the anisotropy power spectrum can resolve these factors. We identify a hypersurface in cosmic parameter space that can be accurately localized by observations, but along which the likelihood will hardly vary. Other cosmic observations will be needed to break this degeneracy.
Research data supporting "Understanding, Detecting and Mitigating the Effects of Coactivations in Ten-Finger Mid-Air Typing in Virtual Reality" (2021)

Coactivation data corresponding to the analysis presented in "Understanding, Detecting and Mitigating the Effects of Coactivations in Ten-Finger Mid-Air Typing in Virtual Reality." The attached datasheet contains two tabs: TOUCH EVENT DATA and LAYOUT DATA. TOUCH EVENT DATA details the touch events and their attributes. Feature values are provided for participants 1 to 12. Detailed definitions of these features are provided in the associated publication. LAYOUT DATA details the distribution of touch events and coactivations over the keyboard layout.