gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Femoroacetabular Impingement Patients Exhibit Hip Flexion Angle Abnormalities During Level Walking (2010)

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) occurs when altered bony anatomy at the acetabular rim, femoral head-neck junction, or both causes physical impact at the limits of motion. Classically, pain is reproducible with specific athletic pursuit (e.g., karate) and deep hip flexion (e.g., rowing). However, some patients have symptoms after routine activity (e.g., walking) which does not require the hip to go through extremes of motion. PURPOSE: To study and describe gait abnormalities in FAI patients (FP) during level walking. METHODS: Hip kinematics were collected for 10 FP with unilateral symptoms (7M, 3F, 33.5±8.0 y.o., 26.3±5.6 BMI) and 20 control subjects (CS) (14M, 6F, 32.0±6.5 y.o., 23.9±2.6 BMI) during self-selected slow, normal, and fast walking. Presence of FAI and subtype was diagnosed based on X-ray, MRI, and arthroscopic plus fluoroscopic evaluation intra-operatively. Although all but one FP demonstrated mixed FAI, 6 FP were predominately cam, 4 were predominately pincer. A majority of FP X-ray suggested bilateral FAI. CS were age, gender, BMI matched and selected based on self-reported absence of hip pain and injury history; they were not specifically screened for FAI. Hip flexion angle (HFA) over a single stance phase per trial was used to determine HFA range and abnormalities in the profile. Trials over 1m/s were analyzed for signs of reversals, characterized by change in direction of hip motion creating an S-curve. Reversals were further examined for location, duration, and magnitude. Group differences were analyzed using a student's paired t-test with a=0.05. RESULTS: Reversals in hip motion were more prevalent in FP (40%; 8.7% trials) than CS (15%; 2.7% p=0.01). Location and duration of reversals were not significantly different. Of FP displaying reversals, three were predominantly cam type and one was predominantly pincer type. All FP with reversals had more consistent and larger reversal curves on the symptomatic side, and these significantly correlated to a reduced HFA range (21o vs. 25o, p<0.01). However, reversals were observed on the asymptomatic side in two out of four FP with reversals; both FP had radiographic evidence of bilateral FAI. CONCLUSION: FAI patients exhibit altered hip flexion angles during level walking compared with matched controls and this does not correlate to hip pain.
Hypothesis for the mechanism of action of ECAP‐controlled closed‐loop systems for spinal cord stimulation (2020)

Advances in technology and improvement of efficacy for many neuromodulation applications have been achieved without understanding the relationship between the stimulation parameters and the neural activity which is generated in the nervous system. It is the neural activity that ultimately drives the therapeutic benefit and the advent of evoked compound action potential recording allows this activity to be directly measured and quantified. Closed-loop control adjusts the stimulation parameters to maintain a predetermined level of neural recruitment and has been shown to provide improved pain relief in individuals with spinal cord stimulators. However, no mechanism that relates more consistent neural recruitment to patient outcomes has been proposed. The authors propose a hypothesis that may explain the difference in efficacy between open- and closed-loop operational modes by considering the relationship between measured neural recruitment with hypothetical dose and side effect response curves. This provides a rational basis for directing clinical research and improving therapeutic systems.
Applying Design of Experiments to Evaluate Economic Feasibility of Rare-Earth Element Recovery – Supporting Information (2020)

&lt;p&gt;This study applies design of experiments (DOE) methods in the conduct of a techno-economic assessment (TEA) on a newly developed rare-earth element (REE) recovery process. The goal of this effort is to identify main factors that affect the profitability of the approach. We construct a factorial design with net profit as the response, where the experimental data are generated by simulation of different scenarios. The effects of different factors and their interactions are determined. &amp;nbsp;Based on these results, a desirable recovery strategy is proposed. It is envisioned that the methods applied in the study can be utilized in other situations to promote the application of TEA in value recovery approaches.&lt;/p&gt;
Purification and Characterization of a Low Molecular Weight Acid Phosphatase from Bovine Liver (1969)

Abstract Several mammalian tissues have been shown to contain as many as three acid phosphatases which may be separated on the basis of differences in size by gel filtration on Sephadex G-75. The smallest of these enzymes from bovine liver, termed acid phosphatase III, has been purified to apparent homogeneity. The purified enzyme migrates as a single band during electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel and yields arginine as the only detectable amino terminal residue. Acid phosphatase III has been characterized with respect to its substrate specificity, molecular weight, and amino acid composition. The Km value determined with p-nitrophenyl phosphate, the most readily hydrolyzed substrate tested, is 7.5 x 10-4 m. Optimal rates of hydrolysis were observed at pH 5.5. The pure enzyme is stabilized by ethylenediaminetetraacetate and phosphate ion, but is rapidly inactivated in the presence of Mg++ or mercaptoethanol. The molecular weight of acid phosphatase III determined by sedimentation equilibrium analysis is 16,590. This figure is in close agreement with the value of 16,296 obtained from the amino acid composition.
Evolution of a Network System in a Geologic Research Organization (1989)

ABSTRACT The Bureau of Economic Geology has successfully integrated DEC minicomputers, Apple Macintosh and IBM-compatible PC's, IBM and CDC mainframes, and a CRAY supercomputer in a flexible network that allows geologists as well as support staff to use a wide variety of software and output devices.
Reconfigurable antenna-based space-shift keying for spectrum sharing systems (2016)

Based on the concept of reconfigurable antennas (RAs), SSK-RA has been recently proposed as a novel transmission scheme to improve the performance of space shift keying (SSK). In this context, it has been shown that RAs' reconfigurable properties can be used as additional degrees of freedom to enhance the throughput, implementation complexity, and error performance of SSK. In this paper, we extend SSK-RA to cognitive radio (CR) systems in an effort to improve the secondary system's performance in a spectrum sharing scenario. Taking advantage of the interplay between RAs and the propagation channels for both the secondary and interference links, we propose a RA-based scheme with pointing-direction reconfiguration aiming at improving the secondary system's performance while verifying an outage interference constraint to the primary user (PU). In this paper, we analyse the performance of the proposed scheme in Rician fading channels and provide simulation examples confirming these analytical results. The proposed schemes are shown to offer better bit error rate (BER) performance and lower implementation complexity when compared to conventional antenna-based spectrum sharing systems.
A Compact Ring Resonator Based Four Channel Multiplexer Developed in AIM Photonics Technology at Albany Nanotech Complex (2022)

A very compact ring resonator based multiplexer is demonstrated. The fabricated four channel multiplexer shows the extinction ratio of about 25dB in each of the four consecutive resonances with a channel spacing of 2nm.
A Novel, Broad-Spectrum Inhibitor of Enterovirus Replication That Targets Host Cell Factor Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIβ (2013)

Despite their high clinical and socioeconomic impacts, there is currently no approved antiviral therapy for the prophylaxis or treatment of enterovirus infections. Here we report on a novel inhibitor of enterovirus replication, compound 1, 2-fluoro-4-(2-methyl-8-(3-(methylsulfonyl)benzylamino)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-yl)phenol. This compound exhibited a broad spectrum of antiviral activity, as it inhibited all tested species of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses, with 50% effective concentrations ranging between 4 and 71 nM. After a lengthy resistance selection process, coxsackievirus mutants resistant to compound 1 were isolated that carried substitutions in their 3A protein. Remarkably, the same substitutions were recently shown to provide resistance to inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KIIIβ), a lipid kinase that is essential for enterovirus replication, suggesting that compound 1 may also target this host factor. Accordingly, compound 1 directly inhibited PI4KIIIβ in an in vitro kinase activity assay. Furthermore, the compound strongly reduced the PI 4-phosphate levels of the Golgi complex in cells. Rescue of coxsackievirus replication in the presence of compound 1 by a mutant PI4KIIIβ carrying a substitution in its ATP-binding pocket revealed that the compound directly binds the kinase at this site. Finally, we determined that an analogue of compound 1, 3-(3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methyl-N-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-8-amine, is well tolerated in mice and has a dose-dependent protective activity in a coxsackievirus serotype B4-induced pancreatitis model.
Emerging Interconnect Exploration for SRAM Application Using Nonconventional H-Tree and Center-Pin Access (2023)

Many promising interconnect materials have been proposed to replace traditional Copper interconnects. To enable a large design space exploration for various emerging interconnect technologies, we develop an efficient interconnect technology/memory co-design. In addition, we propose three H-tree technology options to minimize the H-tree delay and energy overheads of four interconnect materials and benchmark them against their traditional Cu counterparts. Various array-/subarray- and interconnect-level design parameters are co-designed for optimal system performance.
Cell Cycle, Eukaryotes (1999)

Introduction The Biology of the Cell Cycle The G1 and G0 Phases The DNA Synthesis Phase The G2 Phase and Mitosis Control of the Cell Cycle Partners in Cell Cycle Regulation: Cyclins and CDKs The Cyclin–CDK Complexes in Action Understanding Cell Cycle Regulation through Mathematical Modeling Implications for Animal Cell Culture Cell Cycle–Dependent Protein Accumulation Cell Cycle–Dependent Behavior of Culture Systems Engineering the Cell Cycle Gene Therapy Conclusions Bibliography
A sparsity detection framework for on-off random access channels (2009)

This paper considers a simple on-off random multiple access channel (MAC), where n users communicate simultaneously to a single receiver. Each user is assigned a single codeword which it transmits with some probability lambda over m degrees of freedom. The receiver must detect which users transmitted. We show that detection for this random MAC is mathematically equivalent to a standard sparsity detection problem. Using new results in sparse estimation we are able to estimate the capacity of these channels and compare the achieved performance of various detection algorithms. The analysis provides insight into the roles of power control and multi-user detection.
A real-time navigator for the Visible Human (2002)

Adapting data transfer to network throughput enables real-time interactive Web-based navigation of large 3D anatomical data sets. This article focuses mainly on network performance and data encoding issues. We describe our implementation and the principles of slice and label extraction. Evaluating the proposed solution's performance and the server's behavior when serving multiple clients simultaneously points to several issues for further exploration.
Initial Access Optimization for RIS-assisted Millimeter Wave Wireless Networks (2023)

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) are considered a key enabler to achieve the vision of Smart Radio Environments, where the propagation environment can be programmed and controlled to enhance the efficiency of wireless systems. These surfaces correspond to planar sheets comprising a large number of small and low-cost reflecting elements whose parameters are adaptively selected with a programmable controller. Hence, by optimizing these coefficients, the information signals can be directed in a customized fashion. On the other hand, the initial access procedure used in 5G is beam sweeping, where the base station sequentially changes the active beam direction in order to scan all users in the cell. This conventional protocol results in an initial access latency. The aim of this paper is to minimize this delay by optimizing the activated beams in each timeslot, while leveraging the presence of the RIS in the network. The problem is formulated as a hard optimization problem. We propose an efficient solution based on jointly alternating optimization and Semi Definite Relaxation (SDR) techniques. Numerical results are provided to assess the superiority of our scheme as compared to conventional beam sweeping.
Abstract 2765: Combination ONC201 and radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer (2018)

Abstract Purpose: Metastatic breast cancer patients continue to have poor outcomes on current treatments, and thus, novel therapies in combination with standard treatments are needed. Towards this we studied the pre-clinical effects of combining ONC201, a first-in-class imipridone (which works via activation of ER stress, upregulation of TRAIL, and activation of death receptor 5 [DR5]) with radiation therapy (RT). Since the DR5 pathway is also required for RT-induced apoptosis, we hypothesized that addition of ONC201 could increase the effectiveness of RT. Pertinent Experimental Procedures: Human and mouse breast cancer cell lines were used to study in vitro cancer cell death (by AlamarBlue and clonogenic assays). Patient-derived breast cancer tissue and mouse cell lines were used to study in vivo tumor growth kinetics. Cell lines and mice were administered radiation (0-8 Gy) delivered via a Gammacell 40 exactor. ONC201 was given at does 0-10 µM. Mechanisms of tumor cell death were elucidated using western blots of cleaved PARP (cPARP) and caspase 3 (cC3). Immune response mechanisms were elucidated using in vivo cell-specific depletion. Summary of Data: Multiple breast cancer lines (MB231, MB468, and 4T1) exhibited decreased cell viability after combination therapy compared to either single therapy. In particular, ON201 (1 µM) followed by RT (8 Gy) resulted in a decreased MB468 breast cancer cell viability compared to no treatment (36.9%, P&amp;lt;0.0001), RT alone (30.5%, p&amp;lt;0.0001) and ONC201 alone (26.9%, p&amp;lt;0.0001). A clonogenic assay using MB468 revealed a decreased surviving fraction at every RT dose (2-8 Gy). Western blot analysis revealed increasing cPARP and cC3 with increasing ONC201 (2-8 Gy). In vivo studies utilizing 4T1 cells demonstrated that combination RT (6 Gy) and ONC201 (48 mg/kg given 3x weekly) decreases tumor growth and prolongs host survival compared to either treatment alone (P&amp;lt;0.01). Depletion of NK or CD8 T cells (but not CD4 or B cells) abrogated the positive effects of ONC201 + RT. Similar efficacy of ONC201 + RT was achieved in NSG mice surgically transplanted breast cancer patient tumor sections and immune reconstituted with autologous patient immune cells. Conclusions: Treatment with combination ONC201 + RT results in decreased in vitro breast cancer cell viability and increased in vivo cancer control. Future studies are aimed at translating this combination therapy for clinical use towards improving and saving cancer patient lives. Citation Format: Sachin R. Jhawar, Devora Schiff, Hao Wu, Aditya Thandoni, Suemair Hassan, Joshua Allen, Martin Stogniew, Rohinton Tarapore, Wolfgang Oster, Mark Stein, Ann W. Silk, Sharad Goyal, Bruce G. Haffty, Andrew Zloza. Combination ONC201 and radiation therapy in the treatment of breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2765.
Partial Discharge Current and Electromagnetic Wave Properties in Gas Mixtures of Electronegative Gas and Natural-origin Gases: Study on Applicability of UHF Method (2022)

Lots of studies on SF<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> alternative gases have been carried out to avoid global warming, and not only natural-origin gases excluding strong electronegative gases, but also new gas mixtures including C5-FK, and C4-FN, as strong electronegative gases with buffer gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, or air were investigated due to their good insulation performance and comparably low global warming potential (GWP). So far the authors have investigated partial discharge (PD) properties like PD current and PD-emitted electromagnetic (EM) waves of SF6/dry air mixtures at 0.1 MPa with changing the SF6 gas mixture ratio as well as with two antennas having the bandwidth of the UHF or VHF bands. It revealed that the peak to peak amplitude of the PD-emitted EM waves measured with the UHF band antenna increased with an increase in the SF<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</inf> mixing ratio while those with the VHF band antenna decreased. In this study, properties of PD current and PD-emitted EM waves of SF6/dry air mixture over 0.1MPa were investigated by changing the SF6 gas mixture ratio and with the UHF and VHF antennas, and compared with those at 0.1 MPa. As a result, PD current peak decreased with an increased in gas pressure and detection of PD-emitted EM waves became more difficult with increase in the gas pressure.
Observation of Low-Energy Positron Diffraction Patterns with a Linac-Based Slow-Positron Beam (2018)

An experimental system has been developed for the study of low-energy positron diffraction (LEPD) with a slow-positron beam generated by a linear-electron-accelerator (linac). Diffraction patterns of a Ge(001)-2 × 1 surface structure have been observed with a normal positron incidence. This is the first LEPD observation with a linac-based high-intensity pulsed slow-positron beam. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2018.313]
Allelopathic potential of invasive Ulmus pumila on understory plant species. (2013)

In Petriplate bioassay and Pot culture, we studied the allelopathic potential of leaf litter of Siberian elm (Ulmus pumila L.) invasive tree species on the germination and growth of three herbaceous plant native species (Dactylis glomerata L., Trifolium repens L. and Chenopodium album L.) commonly found in riparian understory communities. Two assays were done with leaf litter of U. pumila from riverine ecosystems (i). the effects of aqueous litter extracts in Petri dish assays and (ii). the effect of litter residues in pot experiments. The leaf litter extracts inhibited the radicle growth of D. glomerata and T. repens but did not effect the germination. However in pots, leaf litter inhibited the germination speed of C. album and growth of D. glomerata and T. repens. Our results showed the allelopathic potential of U. pumila litter, which reduced the growth of understory species (T. repens and D. glomerata). In the litter of U. pumila many phenolic compounds (hidroxibenzoic, ferulic, coumaric, protocatechuic, vanillic and rosmarinic acids, and quercetin) were detected.
Development of high speed Copper CMP slurry for TSV application based on friction analysis (2010)

In order to obtain high speed Cu CMP process for TSV application, we have developed new Copper CMP slurry through friction analysis of Cu reaction layer with an AFM technique. Lateral Modulation Friction Force Microscope (LM-FFM) is the one that is able to measure the friction properly giving a vibration to the layer. We evaluated the torsional displacement between the probe of the LM-FFM and Cu reaction layer under the 5 nm vibration to cancel the shape effect of the Cu reaction layer. The developed Cu CMP slurry makes the frictionally easy-removable Cu reaction layer.
Observations From Tight Gas Reservoir Stimulations in the Rocky Mountain Region (2008)

Abstract Introduction Unconventional tight gas reservoirs are made economical through effective stimulation techniques. Hydraulic fracture mapping combined with an in-depth knowledge of reservoir geology and geomechanics can give a better understanding to the effectiveness of reservoir stimulation. Massive hydraulic fractures from two wells in the Rocky Mountain region were mapped in real time with a 3-D stimulation viewer software package. One well employed techniques standard to the area –while some experimental fracture techniques were tested on the other. A general east-west orientation of planar fracture geometry was found with a maximum fracture event length of 800 feet. The planer fracturing scheme is consistent with low amounts of acoustic anisotropy recorded. Increasing treating and bottom hole pressures with time observed in this study indicate fracture length growth for each stage. 11 and 12 stages were chosen for the two well completion program based on data from an open hole logging and geomechanics. Some experimental fracturing techniques were tested including longer pump times, larger sand volumes, high viscosity fracture fluids, re-fracturing for re-orientation, using temporary, degradable fiber plugs between stages, and plugging of stages with ball sealers. Perforation entry by stage was effective and some stages could possibly be eliminated to save cost. There is not a direct correlation between pump time, sand volume, and stage height. Ball sealers were not an optimum method for closing off a stage for fracturing, but there is evidence that degradable fiber plugs could be a cost saving option between stages. This paper outlines in more detail the observations from hydraulic fracture mapping in this area. Regional Background This area of study includes 3000 vertical feet of fluvial and marine sands located in the Rocky Mountain region of the United States. (Figure 1) The formation contains natural fractures, laterally restricted lenticular sandstones, and tight brittle sands. The main natural gas reservoir interval is from 5000 to 8500 feet. The productive sands have an average porosity of about 7% and permeability is in the micro-Darcy range. The first well was drilled in this region of the Rocky Mountains in 1955. In the late 1990's the discovery of increased production by fracturing lenticular sands has made this a profitable area. Due to the nature of these tight sands – wells can be located in closer proximity without lowering the production rates of neighboring wells. Wells are currently drilled on 10 acre density. Much of the area uses directional drilling from pad wells to reduce surface damage.
Inlaid Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Nanoelectrode Arrays for Electroanalysis (2004)

Abstract The rapid development in nanomaterials and nanotechnologies has provided many new opportunities for electroanalysis. We review our recent results on the fabrication and electroanalytical applications of nanoelectrode arrays based on vertically aligned multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). A bottom‐up approach is demonstrated, which is compatible with Si microfabrication processes. MWCNTs are encapsulated in SiO 2 matrix leaving only the very end exposed to form inlaid nanoelectrode arrays. The electrical and electrochemical properties have been characterized, showing well‐defined quasireversible nanoelectrode behavior. Ultrasensitive detection of small redox molecules in bulk solutions as well as immobilized at the MWCNT ends is demonstrated. A label‐free affinity‐based DNA sensor has shown extremely high sensitivity approaching that of fluorescence techniques. This platform can be integrated with microelectronics and microfluidics for fully automated microchips.