gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Trends in Research with Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Impact of Research and Use of Cell Lines in Experimental Research and Clinical Trials (2018)

The human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC) research landscape is rapidly evolving. To assess possible novel trends in hPSC usage, we analyzed experimental hPSC research published from 2014 to 2016 and compared our data with those of earlier periods. The number of papers describing experimental work involving hPSCs increased further with clear differences in the scientific impact of publications from different countries. Our results confirm the leading position of US-based hPSC research, although to a lesser degree than observed previously. Our data reveal that research into human induced pluripotent stem cells alone surpassed human embryonic stem cell (hESC) research by 2015 and rapidly grew after that. We also report on continuing and even slightly growing research activities in the hESC field as well as on a generally declining rate of the generation of new hESC lines. An increasing portion of new hESC lines represents disease-specific and clinical-grade cell lines. The previously noted usage of only a few early established hESC lines in the vast majority of scientific work is sustained. We also provide a comprehensive overview on clinical trials on the basis of hPSCs. We find that the vast majority of those trials are based on hESC-derived cell products that were generated from an only limited number of relatively old cell lines.
Inside Back Cover: Highly Active Gold and Gold–Palladium Catalysts Prepared by Colloidal Methods in the Absence of Polymer Stabilizers (ChemCatChem 15/2017) (2017)

The Cover picture illustrates the preparation of a colloidal Au catalyst for alcohol oxidation.In their Communication, L. Abis et al. demonstrate that polymer stabilizers are not needed to prepare active catalysts and correlate these results with the presence/absence of the stabilizing agent and nanoparticle size. Our results show that the absence of stabilizers leads to equally active catalysts and might affect the selectivity to certain products, suggesting different active site availability. More information can be found in the Communication by L. Abis et al. on page 2914 in Issue 15, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700483).
Field Trials of Telemedicine System Utilizing 5G (2020)

第5 世代移動通信システム（5G）の特長を生かした医療分野の新しいソリューション実現に向け，NTTドコモが推進してきた5G を医師対医師の遠隔診療に活用する事例の検討及びその実証試験の実施結果を紹介する．2017 〜 2019 年度に総務省の5G 総合実証試験として医療機関を含むパートナーとともに推進した実証試験は，地域医療・救急医療の充実に向け，5G の超高速通信を生かして複数の医療機器から出力される高精細診断映像とテレビ会議の映像をリアルタイムに同時伝送する試験用のシステムを構築し，それらを用いて複数の診療科を対象とした試験・評価を通して5G を活用する遠隔診療システムの有効性を確認した．地域医療分野における実証試験では，和歌山県において，山間部診療所での遠隔診療，遠隔訪問診療，遠隔教育，遠隔移動診療の各事例について，また，救急医療分野における実証試験では，群馬県前橋市において，救急搬送の高度化ソリューションとして，3 または4 拠点間で救急搬送情報を共有する形式の遠隔診療について，それぞれ実験用5G 無線通信装置を用いた試験を行い，各試験に参画した医療従事者及び関係者から多角的な評価結果を得た．
Effect of Specific Surface Area of Ceria-Zirconia Solid Solutions on Their Oxygen Storage Capacity (2004)

The oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of a ceria-zirconia(CeO2-ZrO2) solid solution containing 50 mol% ZrO2 is approximately 400 μmol-O2/g, which corresponds to approximately 50% of the theoretical OSC limit calculated from the valence change of the Ce ion. There are two possible explanations for the OSC suppression of approximately 50% of the theoretical OSC limit. The first mechanism is based on the thermodynamic reaction equilibrium; the second one is based on chemical kinetics. To clarify the reason for the suppression, the effect of the specific surface area of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions was estimated by measuring the OSC of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions with 3 levels of specific surface area. OSC was independent of the specific surface area of the CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions in the composition range ≥60 mol% ZrO2. The amount of bulk oxygen, which is released from inside the crystal lattice, could be estimated to be constant even though the specific surface area of the material changed in the composition range ≤50 mol% ZrO2. Therefore, the mechanism of the OSC suppression was the thermodynamic equilibrium of the redox reaction of CeO2-ZrO2 solid solutions.
Photodynamic detection of canine mammary gland tumours after oral administration of 5‐aminolevulinic acid (2016)

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is widely used in photodynamic detection (PDD) and therapy. We evaluated the pharmacokinetics of 5-ALA-induced porphyrins and its effectiveness in PDD in dogs with mammary gland tumours (MGTs) following oral administration. Healthy dogs and those with MGTs (nine each) were orally administered 4 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> 5-ALA. Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) was not detected in the plasma of healthy dogs but it peaked in dogs with MGT at 2 h after 5-ALA administration. In the PDD study, 16 dogs with MGT were orally administered 40 mg kg<sup>-1</sup> 5-ALA, and MGT but not normal tissue showed red fluorescence after 2-4 h. Photon counts were 6635-63 890 and 59-4011 (median, 19 943 and 919) for MGT and non-tumour tissues, respectively. Cell density strongly correlated with PpIX photon counts of MGT tissue of the dogs (R = 0.743, P = 0.0009). We suggest that 5-ALA-PDD might be an effective diagnostic tool for MGTs.
Continuous flow infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization with a solvent matrix (2000)

Continuous flow matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) was demonstrated with infrared laser desorption and an ethanol matrix. A capillary was used to deliver an analyte solution dissolved in ethanol to a metal frit embedded in a sample stage. Typical flow rates were 1.7&mgr;L/min. An optical parametric oscillator tuned to 2.8&mgr;m was used for desorption and ionization, and mass analysis was achieved with a 1 m linear time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Flow injection studies were performed with low picomolar quantities of insulin and myoglobin in solutions containing 0.1 to 1.0% glycerol in ethanol. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Critical Role of Lipid Composition in Membrane Permeabilization by Rabbit Neutrophil Defensins (1997)

We have examined the interactions of the six known rabbit neutrophil defensin antimicrobial peptides with large unilamellar vesicles (LUV) made from various lipid mixtures based on the lipid composition of Escherichia coli membranes. We find that the permeabilization of LUV made from E. coli whole lipid extracts differs dramatically from that of single-component LUV made from palmitoyl-oleoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG). Specifically, defensins NP-1, NP-2, NP-3A, NP-3B, and a natural mixture of the six defensins cause fast nonpreferential leakage of high molecular weight dextrans as well as the low molecular weight fluorophore/quencher pair 8-aminonapthalene-1,3,6 trisulfonic acid (ANTS)/p-xylene-bis-pyridinium bromide (DPX) from E. coli whole lipid LUV through large, transient membrane lesions. In contrast, release of ANTS/DPX from POPG LUV induced by the defensins is slow and graded with preference for DPX (Hristova, K., Selsted, M. E., and White, S. H. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 11888-11894). Interestingly, defensins NP-4 and NP-5 alone do not induce leakage from E. coli whole lipid LUV, whereas only NP-4 is ineffective with POPG LUV. Examination of the sequences of the six defensins suggests that the inactivity of NP-4 and NP-5 may be due to their lower net positive charge and/or the substitution of a Thr for the Arg or Lys that follows the fourth Cys residue. We found the presence of three major lipid components of E. coli whole lipid to be essential for creation of the large lesions observed in LUV: phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and cardiolipin. Cardiolipin appears to play a key role because no leakage can be induced when only phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine are present. These results indicate the importance of membrane lipid composition in the permeabilization of cell membranes by rabbit defensins.
Distributional Strategies for Games with Incomplete Information (1981)

We study games with incomplete information from a point of view which emphasizes the empirical predictions arising from game-theoretic models. Using the notion of “distributional” strategies, we prove four main theorems: (i) a mixed-strategy Nash equilibrium existence theorem, (ii) a pure-strategy equilibrium existence theorem, (iii) a pure-strategy (epsilon)-equilibrium existence theorem, and (iv) a theorem describing how the set of equilibria of a game varies with the parameters of the game.(This abstract was borrowed from another version of this item.)
A Deep Eutectic Solvent‐Based Approach to Intravenous Formulation (2021)

Clinically viable formulations of hydrophobic drugs, for example, chemotherapeutics, require strategies to promote sufficient drug solubilization. However, such strategies often involve the use of organic solvents that pose a significant risk in generating toxic, unstable products. Using verteporfin as a drug, a deep eutectic solvent (DES)-based approach to solvate drugs in a simple one-step process is reported. Lipoidal DES composed of choline and oleate is used to successfully solvate verteporfin, resulting in stable sub-100 nm nanocomplexes. The nanocomplexes successfully demonstrate efficient cellular uptake as well as retention, tumor spheroid penetration, and tumor accumulation in vivo. Systemic administration of the formulation significantly inhibits the primary tumor growth and its lung metastasis in the orthotopic 4T1 murine breast tumor model. Collectively, biocompatible DES shows great potential as a novel material for intravenous formulation of chemotherapeutics.
(Invited) Analysis By Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of Passive Film Properties of Additive Manufactured 17-4PH Stainless Steel (2020)

Additive manufacturing is currently one of the most innovative processes to build metallic components, in particular because it allows to manufacture parts with new design out of reach of conventional processes. Among the various additive manufacturing processes, power bed technologies such as laser beam melting (LBM), also called selective laser melting (SLM), are certainly the most common and developed process at this time. The specific microstructures generated by LBM and the associated mechanical properties of the final parts have been well discussed in the literature for many types of materials. Nevertheless, these peculiarities can also affect the durability of such parts and specifically their corrosion behaviour. The main goal of this work was to analyse the electrochemical impedance measurements performed on a 17-4PH martensitic stainless steel (MSS) manufactured by LBM. In this framework, LBM parts were built from 17-4PH MSS powder, using optimised machine parameters. Samples machined from a wrought cylindrical bar were studied as references. Differences between the impedance of the LBM samples and the references samples were observed; they appeared as a small shift in frequency on the Bode plots. The impedance of the passive layer was analysed in detail by using the Young impedance model; in this model it is also necessary to take into account the ohmic impedance [1] to perform the analysis in the entire frequency range. In agreement with TEM observations, an increase of about 40% of the film thickness was obtained for the LBM samples; but, for both samples the resistivity distribution was similar. In conclusion, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy appears as a powerful method to study passive film and better understand the corrosion behaviour of LBM 17-4PH stainless steel. References [1] O. Gharbi, A. Dizon, M. Orazem, M.T.T. Tran, B. Tribollet, V. Vivier, From Frequency Dispersion to Ohmic Impedance: A New Insight on the High-Frequency Impedance Analysis of Electrochemical Systems. Electrochimica Acta, 320 (2019) 134609.
Mannosylerythritol lipids ameliorate ultraviolet A-induced aquaporin-3 downregulation by suppressing c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation in cultured human keratinocytes (2019)

Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are glycolipids and have several pharmacological efficacies. MELs also show skin-moisturizing efficacy through a yet-unknown underlying mechanism. Aquaporin-3 (AQP3) is a membrane protein that contributes to the water homeostasis of the epidermis, and decreased AQP3 expression following ultraviolet (UV)-irradiation of the skin is associated with reduced skin moisture. No previous study has examined whether the skin-moisturizing effect of MELs might act through the modulation of AQP3 expression. Here, we report for the first time that MELs ameliorate the UVA-induced downregulation of AQP3 in cultured human epidermal keratinocytes (HaCaT keratinocytes). Our results revealed that UVA irradiation decreases AQP3 expression at the protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels, but that MEL treatment significantly ameliorated these effects. Our mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor analysis revealed that phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not extracellular signal-regulated kinase or p38, mediates UVA-induced AQP3 downregulation, and that MEL treatment significantly suppressed the UVA-induced phosphorylation of JNK. To explore a possible mechanism, we tested whether MELs could regulate the expression of peroxidase proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), which acts as a potent transcription factor for AQP3 expression. Interestingly, UVA irradiation significantly inhibited the mRNA expression of PPAR-γ in HaCaT keratinocytes, whereas a JNK inhibitor and MELs significantly rescued this effect. Taken together, these findings suggest that MELs ameliorate UVA-induced AQP3 downregulation in HaCaT keratinocytes by suppressing JNK activation to block the decrease of PPAR-γ. Collectively, our findings suggest that MELs can be used as a potential ingredient that modulates AQP3 expression to improve skin moisturization following UVA irradiation-induced damage.
Coherent Radar Imaging Using Unsynchronized Distributed Antennas (2019)

In this paper we develop an optimization-based solution to the problem of distributed radar imaging using antennas with asynchronous clocks. In particular, we consider a distributed radar imaging MIMO system observing a sparse scene under an unknown, but bounded, delay between the transmitter and receiver clocks. Most existing approaches pose the problem as the recovery of a phase shift, leading to non-convex formulations. Instead, inspired by recent work in blind deconvolution, we exploit the realization that synchronization errors in the received data can be modeled as a convolution with an unknown 1-sparse delay signal to be estimated in addition to the image. Thus, we formulate a convex optimization problem that simultaneously recovers all the pair-wise drifts between transmit/receive pairs, as well as the sparse scene being imaged. We verify the validity and performance of our proposed model and recovery method through numerical simulations on synthetic data.
Mechanisms of oxygen ion diffusion in a nanoporous complex oxide 12CaO center dot 7Al(2)O(3) (2006)

We performed a theoretical analysis of O2- diffusion mechanisms in a nanoporous complex oxide 12CaO center dot 7Al(2)O(3) (C12A7). This material can be viewed as a positively charged framework, arranged in subnanometer sized cages, hosting extra-framework O2- ions occupying one in six cages. Using both classical molecular-dynamics simulations and ab initio calculations we demonstrate that the diffusion of O2- species is dominated by the exchange of framework and extra-framework O2- ions rather than by an interstitial diffusion mechanism. The results allow us to rationalize the origins of the experimentally observed high oxide ion conductivity of C12A7 and the stability of its lattice under positive ion-beam irradiation.
Frame-based matching algorithms for optical switches (2004)

Virtual output queuing is widely used by fixed-length high-speed electronic switches to overcome head-of-line blocking. This is done by means of matching algorithms. These matching algorithms have typically been cell-based. That is, in every time slot, a new matching set is calculated and the switch fabric is updated to connect matched inputs and outputs. Fabric reconfiguration in an optical switch is not as fast as in an electronic switch. During reconfiguration, no data can be transferred. Given this overhead, it is not efficient to update connections between inputs and outputs for every time slot. We present frame-based matching algorithms for optical packet switches, so that connections can be updated less frequently to reduce the bandwidth loss. The implementation complexity and performance of these schemes are studied.
Induction of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase by the Heterotrimeric G Protein Gα13* (1996)

While the functions of several G protein alpha subunits such as alpha(s( and alpha(q) are relatively well understood, the action of others such as alpha13 remain largely undefined. Because of recent interest in regulation of nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) by G protein-coupled signaling systems and findings that receptors for two proinflammatory substances, thrombin and thromboxane couple to alpha13, we studied the effect of alpha13 on NOS activity in a renal epithelial cell line. We found that stable overexpression of alpha13 or its GTPase-deficient mutant, alpha13Q226L, in a continuous renal epithelial cell line (MCT) increased NOS activity. The increased NOS activity was due to increased expression of the macrophage-inducible form of NOS (iNOS). iNOS protein and activity were not increased in similar cells expressing an activated alpha(s) (alpha(s)Q227L) or were minimally increased in cells expressing activated alpha(i1) (alpha-i1Q204L) and alpha(q) (alpha(q)Q209L), members of the three other G protein alpha chain families. Transient co-expression of alpha13 or alpha13Q226L increased the activity of an iNOS promoter-CAT construct demonstrating that alpha13 increases iNOS expression through transcription. Consequently, alpha13 induces iNOS through a novel mechanism that is distinct from that of other G protein alpha chains and that may mediate the actions of G protein-dependent proinflammatory agents.
Improving conversion and enantioselectivity in hydrogenation by combining different monodentate phosphoramidites; a new combinatorial approach in asymmetric catalysisElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b3/b302097e/ (2003)

The combination of monodentate ligands in the rhodium-catalysed enantioselective hydrogenation enables a new approach when searching for the optimal activity and enantioselectivity in catalysis.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Decoding human cytomegalovirus. (2013)

The human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome was sequenced 20 years ago. However, like those of other complex viruses, our understanding of its protein coding potential is far from complete. We used ribosome profiling and transcript analysis to experimentally define the HCMV translation products and follow their temporal expression. We identified hundreds of previously unidentified open reading frames and confirmed a fraction by means of mass spectrometry. We found that regulated use of alternative transcript start sites plays a broad role in enabling tight temporal control of HCMV protein expression and allowing multiple distinct polypeptides to be generated from a single genomic locus. Our results reveal an unanticipated complexity to the HCMV coding capacity and illustrate the role of regulated changes in transcript start sites in generating this complexity. PMID: 23180859 Funding information This work was supported by: NCI NIH HHS, United States Grant ID: R01 CA106150 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, United States
An Evolutionary Approach to Pattern-Based Time Series Segmentation (2004)

Time series data, due to their numerical and continuous nature, are difficult to process, analyze, and mine. However, these tasks become easier when the data can be transformed into meaningful symbols. Most recent works on time series only address how to identify a given pattern from a time series and do not consider the problem of identifying a suitable set of time points for segmenting the time series in accordance with a given set of pattern templates (e.g., a set of technical patterns for stock analysis). However, the use of fixed-length segmentation is an oversimplified approach to this problem; hence, a dynamic approach (with high controllability) is preferable so that the time series can be segmented flexibly and effectively according to the needs of the users and the applications. In view of the fact that this segmentation problem is an optimization problem and evolutionary computation is an appropriate tool to solve it, we propose an evolutionary time series segmentation algorithm. This approach allows a sizeable set of pattern templates to be generated for mining or query. In addition, defining similarity between time series (or time series segments) is of fundamental importance in fitness computation. By identifying the perceptually important points directly from the time domain, time series segments and templates of different lengths can be compared and intuitive pattern matching can be carried out in an effective and efficient manner. Encouraging experimental results are reported from tests that segment both artificial time series generated from the combinations of pattern templates and the time series of selected Hong Kong stocks.
P‐16: Single‐photon Avalanche Diode Array Integrated with InGaZnO Thin‐film Transistors for Time‐correlated Applications (2016)

We propose a novel time‐of‐flight image sensor using InGaZnO (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs). IGZO TFTs were fabricated on a Si single‐photon avalanche diode (SPAD). A time‐to‐amplitude converter using IGZO TFTs operated successfully in response to the photon absorption of a SPAD. This technique contributes to realizing highly sensitive image sensors.
Latency-Aware Highly-Reliable mmWave Systems via Multi-Point Connectivity (2022)

The sensitivity of the millimeter-wave (mmWave) radio channel to blockages is a fundamental challenge in achieving low-latency and highly-reliable connectivity. In this paper, we explore the viability of using Coordinated Multi-Point (CoMP) transmission for delay bounded and reliable mmWave systems. We propose a blockage-aware framework for the sum-power minimization problem under the user-specific latency requirements in time dynamic mobile access networks. We use the Lyapunov optimization approach and provide a dynamic control algorithm, which transforms a time-average stochastic problem into a sequence of deterministic subproblems. A robust beamformer design is then proposed by exploiting the queue backlogs and channel information, that efficiently allocates the required resources, by proactively tuning the CoMP subsets from the available remote radio units (RRUs), according to the instantaneous needs of the users. Further, to adapt to the uncertainties of the mmWave channel, we consider a pessimistic estimate of the rates over link blockage combinations across the CoMP serving set. Moreover, after the relaxation of coupled and non-convex constraints via the Fractional Program (FP) techniques, a low-complexity closed-form iterative algorithm is provided by solving a system of Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) optimality conditions. The simulation results manifest that, in the presence of random link blockages, the proposed methods outperform the baseline scenarios and provide power-efficient, highly-reliable, and low-latency mmWave communication.