gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Weakly Supervised Discriminative Localization and Classification: A Joint Learning Process (2009)

Visual categorization problems, such as object classification or action recognition, are increasingly often approached using a detection strategy: a classifier function is first applied to candidate subwindows of the image or the video, and then the maximum classifier score is used for class decision. Traditionally, the subwindow classifiers are trained on a large collection of examples manually annotated with masks or bounding boxes. The reliance on time-consuming human labeling effectively limits the application of these methods to problems involving very few categories. Furthermore, the human selection of the masks introduces arbitrary biases (e.g. in terms of window size and location) which may be suboptimal for classification.
Adsorbate effects on pulsed electron diode anode thermal response (2005)

Anode thermal response is important in determining the operation of repetitively pulsed electron diodes and the systems using them. Thermal response determines desorption, cooling requirements, and power deposition. This article describes experimental results from an electron beam diode fitted with both solid aluminum and two types of carbon-carbon fiber anodes. The temperature response is modeled and is used in conjunction with experimental data to study the effect of adsorbates on the anode. Power to the anode is determined through the material properties and modeled temperature response. Thermal properties of the anode are considered with respect to electron stimulated desorption of adsorbates on the anode as an ion source, leading to plasma development and diode impedance collapse.
Novel macrolides from Micromonospora rosaria. (1990)

Rosaramicin (3), a sixteen-membered macrolide antibiotic, produced by Micromonospora rosaria, has been the subject of several investigations1~7).
The Role of Solution Phase Water on the Deposition of Thin Films of Poly(vinylidene fluoride) (2002)

Thin films of PVDF were deposited from a variety of solution conditions and examined by IR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Methods to rapidly assess the film thickness and the phase composition of PVDF films have been developed. In particular, the formation of the ferroelectric β phase can be controlled by the composition of the solvent, notably the water content. Using a hydrated salt in the casting solvent reproducibly formed films with high β phase content. However, the water also induces increased surface roughness in the deposited films. The nature of the PVDF films also is influenced by the kinetics of the evaporation process, and this was followed by IR spectroscopy. The rate constants depend on both the film thickness and the gas-phase humidity, indicating that solvent diffusion is an important contributor to both the bulk phase composition and the surface structure of the polymer films.
Optical activity of selenium: A nearly first-principles calculation (1992)

For optical activity, we have derived a band-theoretic formula and evaluated it within the self-energy-corrected local-density-approximation approach using a plane-wave basis. For optically uniaxial, trigonal selenium, we compute (i) \ensuremath{\rho}, the optical rotatory power for propagation along the optic axis, (ii) ${\mathit{g}}_{11}$, a gyration tensor component, (iii) ${\mathit{d}}_{11}$ for second-harmonic generation, and (iv) ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{e}}$ and ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\varepsilon}}}_{\mathit{o}}$, the two dielectric constants. These comprehensive results are the first reported in the literature for any crystal, and they agree with some, but not all, available measurements which are often not consistent with each other.
Immunoelectron microscopic localization of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in the human prostate and mammary gland (2001)

The subcellular distribution of steroidogenic enzymes has so far been studied mostly in classical endocrine glands and in the placenta. In the peripheral intracrine organs which synthesize sex steroids there is no indication about the organelles which contain the enzymes involved in steroid biosynthesis. We have thus investigated the subcellular localization of two enzymes involved in the production of sex steroids, namely 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD) and type 5 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD). Using specific antibodies to these enzymes, we conducted immunoelectron microscopic studies in two peripheral tissues, namely the human prostate and mammary gland. In the prostate, immunolabelling for both 3beta-HSD and type 5 17beta-HSD was detected in the basal cells of the tube-alveoli as well as in fibroblasts and endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. In all the labelled cell types, the gold particles were distributed throughout the cytoplasm. No obvious association with any specific organelle could be observed, although some concentration of gold particles was occasionally found over bundles of microfilaments. In mammary gland sections immunolabelled for 3beta-HSD or type 5 17beta-HSD localization, labelling was observed in the cytoplasm of the secretory epithelial cells in both the acini and terminal ducts. Immunolabelling was also found in the endothelial cells as well as in fibroblasts in stroma and blood vessels. The gold particles were not detected over any organelles, except with the occasional accumulation of gold particles over microfilaments. The present data on the localization of two steroidogenic enzymes leading to the synthesis of testosterone indicate that these enzymes are located not only in epithelial cells but also in stromal and endothelial cells in both tissues studied. The absence of any association of the enzymes with membrane-bound organelles appears as a common finding in the reactive cell types of two peripheral tissues.
Seminal exosomes and HIV‐1 transmission (2018)

Exosomes are endosomal-derived membrane-confined nanovesicles secreted by many (if not all) cell types and isolated from every human bodily fluid examined up to now including plasma, semen, vaginal secretions and breast milk. Exosomes are thought to represent a new player in cell-to-cell communication pathways and immune regulation, and be involved in many physiological and pathological processes. Susceptibility to HIV-1 infection can be impacted by exosomes, while HIV-1 pathogenesis can alter exosomal function and composition. Exosomes isolated from semen and vaginal fluid of healthy individuals can inhibit HIV-1 infection and/or potently block viral transfer in vitro. However, the role of exosomes in HIV-1 transmission and progression is not fully understood yet and some studies show conflicting results, mainly for exosomes isolated from plasma and breast milk. Determining the composition of exosomes from infected donors and studying their interaction with HIV-1 in vitro compared to exosomes isolated from uninfected donors will provide insights into the role exosomes play in HIV-1 transmission during sexual intercourse and breastfeeding.
Matched Sibling Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Sickle Cell Disease Using a Reduced Intensity Conditioning Regimen Can Lead To Stable Long Term Engraftment. (2005)

Abstract Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) from sibling donors has been demonstrated to cure sickle cell disease. Concerns about high regimen related toxicity particularly in older patients and in those with advanced organ damage and the potential for late sequelae such as chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and infertility have limited the applicability of HCT. HCT following a reduced intensity conditioning (RIC) regimen has the potential for reducing toxicity and making this curative therapy more acceptable and applicable to this group of patients. We report preliminary results on the first five patients enrolled on a pilot study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of HCT following a RIC regimen for patients with high risk sickle cell disease. All patients received bone marrow from a matched sibling donor. The conditioning regimen consisted of Busulfan 2 mg/kg orally q12 hr x 2 days (0.8mg/kg IV q 6 hr x 2 days for patient#3, 4, 5), Fludarabine 35 mg/m2/dose IV daily x 5 days, anti-thymocyte globulin 30 mg/kg/dose IV daily x 5 days and total lymphoid irradiation 500 cGy with shielding of the liver, lungs, heart, and gonads. GVHD prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine A and Mycophenolate mofetil. Clinical characteristics, outcomes and donor chimerism in peripheral blood genomic DNA and of subjects are summarized in the Table.1 The preparative regimen was well tolerated with no serious infections or mucositis in any patient. No patient has had recurrence of previous sickle cell related symptoms. Lineage-specific chimerism analysis (patients # 3, 4, 5), reveal predominance of donor erythropoiesis (Table 2). These findings indicate that HCT for sickle cell disease following a RIC regimen is well tolerated and can lead to stable long term engraftment. Clinical Characteristics of patients with sickle cell disease undergoing HCT from a matched sibling donor following a reduced intensity conditioning regimen PIN. Age, Indication Follow-up (days) Regimen Related Toxicity ANC&amp;lt;500(days) GVHD Acute or Chronic % Engraftment Day 100 % Engraftment Day180 % Engraftment Day 365 1. 8 yrs. Stroke, allosensitization 2100 None 7 None 89 100 100 2. 8 yrs. Repeated ACS 1800 None 8 Grad II Skin 75 81 81 3. 6yrs. Repeated ACS 750 None 9 None 75 85 81 4. 8 years Repeated ACS 295 None 14 None 79 71 - 5.18 yrs. Stroke, allosensitization 288 Mild 13 None 100 100 - Lineage Specific Chimerism PIN, Genotype Donor Genotype % donor erythroid day 100 % donor erythroid day 180 % Donor Lymphoid day 100 % Donor Lymphoid day 180 % Hemoglobin S Day 100 % Hemoglobin S Day 180 3. Hb SS Sickle trait 100 100 30 35 30 34 4. HbS/β Thalassemia β Thalassemia trait 100 81 33 58 4 3 5. HbSS Sickle trait 100 100 100 100 32 34
Sonochemical Assisted Solvothermal Synthesis of Gallium Oxynitride Nanosheets and their Solar-Driven Photoelectrochemical Water-Splitting Applications (2016)

Abstract Gallium oxynitride (GaON) nanosheets for photoelectrochemical (PEC) analysis are synthesized via direct solvothermal approach. Their FE-SEM revealed nanosheets morphology of GaON prepared at a reaction time of 24 hours at 180 °C. The elemental composition and mapping of Ga, O and N are carried out through electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The cubic structure of GaON nanosheets is elucidated by X-ray diffraction (XRD)analysis. The X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) further confirms Ga, O and N in their respective ratios and states. The optical properties of GaON nanosheets are evaluated via UV-Visible, Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectroscopy’s. The band gap energy of ~1.9 eV is calculated from both absorption and diffused reflectance spectroscopy’s which showed stronger p-d repulsions in the Ga (3d) and N (2p) orbitals. This effect and chemical nitridation caused upward shift of valence band and band gap reduction. The GaON nanosheets are investigated for PEC studies in a standard three electrode system under 1 Sun irradiation in 0.5 M Na 2 SO 4 . The photocurrent generation, oxidation and reduction reactions during the measurements are observed by Chronoampereometry, linear sweep Voltametry (LSV) and Cyclic Voltametry (CV) respectively. Henceforward, these GaON nanosheets can be used as potential photocatalyts for solar water splitting.
Streptococcus agalactiae clones infecting humans were selected and fixed through the extensive use of tetracycline (2014)

Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS) is a commensal of the digestive and genitourinary tracts of humans that emerged as the leading cause of bacterial neonatal infections in Europe and North America during the 1960s. Due to the lack of epidemiological and genomic data, the reasons for this emergence are unknown. Here we show by comparative genome analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction of 229 isolates that the rise of human GBS infections corresponds to the selection and worldwide dissemination of only a few clones. The parallel expansion of the clones is preceded by the insertion of integrative and conjugative elements conferring tetracycline resistance (TcR). Thus, we propose that the use of tetracycline from 1948 onwards led in humans to the complete replacement of a diverse GBS population by only few TcR clones particularly well adapted to their host, causing the observed emergence of GBS diseases in neonates.
Autonomous navigation for mobile service robots in urban pedestrian environments (2011)

Abstract This paper presents a fully autonomous navigation solution for urban, pedestrian environments. The task at hand, undertaken within the context of the European project URUS, was to enable two urban service robots, based on Segway RMP200 platforms and using planar lasers as primary sensors, to navigate around a known, large (10,000 m 2 ), pedestrian‐only environment with poor global positioning system coverage. Special consideration is given to the nature of our robots, highly mobile but two‐wheeled, self‐balancing, and inherently unstable. Our approach allows us to tackle locations with large variations in height, featuring ramps and staircases, thanks to a three‐dimensional, map‐based particle filter for localization and to surface traversability inference for low‐level navigation. This solution was tested in two different urban settings, the experimental zone devised for the project, a university campus, and a very crowded public avenue, both located in the city of Barcelona, Spain. Our results total more than 6 km of autonomous navigation, with a success rate on go‐to requests of nearly 99%. The paper presents our system, examines its overall performance, and discusses the lessons learned throughout development. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Investigation of Raman imaging for advanced control of YBCO cool-down processing using pulsed laser deposition (1999)

Pulsed laser deposition (PLD) is a versatile, complex thin film deposition process that has been shown to be capable of creating high quality YBCO films. However, the promise of the technique has been hampered by a lack of process understanding and visibility into in-situ processes. In the past, attempts at controlling the PLD process have not been highly successful due to a lack of direct feedback from the surface of the film. This paper investigates using Raman spectroscopy to provide feedback from the evolving film during cool-down after deposition. In-situ spectra taken under controlled conditions are examined to understand the effect of environmental parameters on film properties as well to provide insight into evolution of the film microstructure during cool-down.
Unconventional plasmon-phonon coupling in graphene (2011)

We predict the existence of coupled plasmon-phonon excitations in graphene by using the self-consistent linear response formalism. The unique electron-phonon interaction in graphene leads to unconventional mixing of plasmon and optical phonon polarizations. We find that longitudinal plasmons couple exclusively to transverse optical phonons, whereas graphene's transverse plasmons couple only to longitudinal optical phonons. This coupling can serve as a magnifier for exploring the electron-phonon interaction in graphene, and it offers electronical control over phonon frequencies.
Table S1 from Impaired Death Receptor Signaling in Leukemia Causes Antigen-Independent Resistance by Inducing CAR T-cell Dysfunction (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNA and ATACseq data of CART19 cells exposed to BIDko Nalm6&lt;/p&gt;
Coupling of a cloned rat dopamine-D2 receptor to inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and prolactin secretion. (1990)

We have previously described a cDNA which encodes a binding site with the pharmacology of the D2-dopamine receptor (Bunzow, J. R., VanTol, H. H. M., Grandy, D. K., Albert, P., Salon, J., Christie, M., Machida, C., Neve, K. A., and Civelli, O. (1988) Nature 336, 783-787). We demonstrate here that this protein is a functional receptor, i.e. it couples to G-proteins to inhibit cAMP generation and hormone secretion. The cDNA was expressed in GH4C1 cells, a rat somatomammotrophic cell strain which lacks dopamine receptors. Stable transfectants were isolated and one clone, GH4ZR7, which had the highest levels of D2-dopamine receptor mRNA on Northern blot, was studied in detail. Binding of D2-dopamine antagonist [3H]spiperone to membranes isolated from GH4ZR7 cells was saturable, with KD = 96 pM, and Bmax = 2300 fmol/mg protein. Addition of GTP/NaCl increased the IC50 value for dopamine competition for [3H]spiperone binding by 2-fold, indicating that the D2-dopamine receptor interacts with one or more G-proteins. To assess the function of the dopamine-binding site, acute biological actions of dopamine were characterized in GH4ZR7 cells. Dopamine, at concentrations found in vivo, decreased resting intra- and extracellular cAMP levels (EC50 = 8 +/- 2 nM) by 50-70% and blocked completely vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) induced enhancement of cAMP levels (EC50 = 6 +/- 1 nM). Antagonism of dopamine-induced inhibition of VIP-enhanced cAMP levels by spiperone, (+)-butaclamol, (-)-sulpiride, and SCH23390 occurred at concentrations expected from KI values for these antagonists at the D2-receptor and was stereoselective. Dopamine (as well as several D2-selective agonists) inhibited forskolin-stimulated adenylate cyclase activity by 45 +/- 6%, with EC50 of 500-800 nM in GH4ZR7 membranes. Dopaminergic inhibition of cellular cAMP levels and of adenylyl cyclase activity in membrane preparations was abolished by pretreatment with pertussis toxin (50 ng/ml, 16 h). Dopamine (200 nM) abolished VIP- and thyrotropin-releasing hormone-induced acute prolactin release. These data show conclusively that the cDNA clone encodes a functional dopamine-D2 receptor which couples to G-proteins to inhibit adenylyl cyclase and both cAMP-dependent and cAMP-independent hormone secretion.
The Reaction of α-Diazo-β-hydroxy Esters with Boron Trifluoride Etherate:  Generation and Rearrangement of Destabilized Vinyl Cations. A Detailed Experimental and Theoretical Study (1996)

Cyclic ethyl 2-diazo-3-hydroxy carboxylates were prepared by treating ethyl diazoacetate with LDA followed by reaction with a series of cyclic ketones. Further treatment of these α-diazo-β-hydroxy esters with boron trifluoride etherate in various solvents affords an unusual array of products. Product types and ratios were found to be strongly dependent on ring size and the solvent used. The reaction proceeds by Lewis acid complexation of the alcohol functionality of the diazo hydroxy ester with BF3 etherate followed by neighboring-group participation of the diazo moiety to generate a cycloalkylidene diazonium salt. Loss of nitrogen produces a highly reactive, destabilized, linear vinyl cation. Ring expansion via a 1,2-methylene shift leads to the formation of a more stable, bent cycloalkenyl vinyl cation. A subsequent 1,2-methylene shift results in ring contraction ultimately leading to a stable allylic cation. This cation is either trapped by the solvent or else undergoes cyclization with the adjacent ester group to give a lactone. Computational studies at the 6-31G* level were performed to determine the geometry of the optimized vinyl cations. Relative energies suggest a moderate energy gain for isomerization of the initial vinyl cation V1 to the rearranged vinyl cation V2 followed by a large stabilization in energy for subsequent conversion to the allyl cation A1. Compared with isolated product distributions, the energy profiles suggest kinetically-controlled V1 → V2 → A1 migrations. Finally, the calculations suggest that in diethyl ether the carbocations may be coordinated to a molecule of solvent resulting in “protected” cationic intermediates with nonlinear geometries.
Development of Spontaneous Infiltration-<I>in situ</I> Production Process for Fabrication of Particulate Reinforced Aluminum Composites (1994)

The spontaneous infiltration of liquid pure aluminum into the mixture of raw materials is used to synthesize particulate reinforced aluminum composites with the in situ process. The addition of powder of a column IVa element (Ti, Zr) or a column Va element (Nb, Ta) into the raw carbide particles of Al4C3, SiC or B4C allows liquid pure aluminum to infiltrate into the mixture spontaneously and subsequently in situ formation of the carbide particles of column IVa and Va elements occurs in the melt. It is revealed from macroscopic and SEM observations that liquid aluminum completely infiltrates into the mixture independently of the kind of atmosphere used in the experiment, nitrogen or argon. However, processing under nitrogen gas, which can react with the aluminum melt, is effective in prohibiting pores from remaining in the composite. The rate of in situ reaction of the (Ti+B4C) system is somewhat high compared to those of (Ti+SiC) and (Ti+Al4C3) systems. Very fine TiC and TiB2 particles simultaneously synthesized through the decomposing reaction of B4C are dispersed in the aluminum matrix. As soon as liquid aluminum begins to infiltrate, the melt temperature increases drastically not only in (Ti+raw carbide) systems but also in a (Ti+Al2O3) system. Hence, it seems that the spontaneous infiltration of liquid aluminum is attributed to the exothermic formation of Al3Ti.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphism in Li2MSiO4 (M: Fe, Mn): A Variable Temperature Diffraction Study. (2014)

Abstract Li 2 FeSiO 4 (I) is prepared by hydrothermal synthesis using stoichiometric quantities of SiO 2 , FeCl 2 , and LiOH (autoclave, 200 °C, 6 h).
Rapid Tissue Factor Induction by Oral Streptococci and Monocyte-IL-1β (2007)

The ability of pro-inflammatory cytokines to promote coagulation prompted the hypothesis that pro-inflammatory cytokines induced by oral streptococci might play a role in the pathogenesis of viridans endocarditis. We used supernatant fluids from peripheral blood mononuclear monocyte (PBMC) cultures, stimulated for just 4-6 hrs with representative streptococcal isolates, to study cytokines that promoted endothelial tissue factor (TF) activity. Neutralizing antibodies demonstrated that interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) was a major early endothelial TF inducer, and that recombinant IL-1beta was comparable with the supernatant fluid in activity. IL-1beta-rich supernatant fluids from oral streptococci-stimulated or lipopolysaccharide-stimulated PBMC cultures up-regulated the expression of endothelial ICAM-1 and E-selectin. These molecules could help trap TF-producing monocytes or dendritic cells bearing streptococci at the site. Thus, the rapid IL-1beta-inducing capacity of oral streptococci could facilitate the early deposition of bacteria in fibrin clots and promote endocarditis.
PMD Measurement in C+L Undersea Communication Cables at Factory Acceptance Testing (2018)

We describe a PMD measurement technique for factory acceptance testing of undersea cables during qualification. Partial spectral loading of a cable with complementary load-blocking at the receiver side enables accurate PMD measurements using Jones Matrix eigenanalysis. We report experimental results from production runs on a C+L-band system.
Enhanced photodetection in graphene-integrated photonic crystal cavity (2013)

We demonstrate the controlled enhancement of photoresponsivity in a graphene photodetector by coupling to slow light modes in a long photonic crystal linear defect cavity. Near the Brillouin zone (BZ) boundary, spectral coupling of multiple cavity modes results in broad-band photocurrent enhancement from 1530 nm to 1540 nm. Away from the BZ boundary, individual cavity resonances enhance the photocurrent eight-fold in narrow resonant peaks. Optimization of the photocurrent via critical coupling of the incident field with the graphene-cavity system is discussed. The enhanced photocurrent demonstrates the feasibility of a wavelength-scale graphene photodetector for efficient photodetection with high spectral selectivity and broadband response.