gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P3‐185: A synthetic amino acid substitution of Tyr10 in Abeta peptide sequence acts as a dominant negative in amyloidogenesis (2011)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in elderly people and age is the major non-genetic risk factor for sporadic AD. A hallmark of AD is the accumulation of amyloid in the brain, which is composed mainly by the amyloid beta-peptide (Ab) in the form of oligomers and fibrils. However, how aging induces Ab aggregation is not yet fully determined. Tyr 10 in Ab sequences seems to be associated to the age-dependent risk factors for AD, such as (i) increased GM1 brain membrane content, (ii) altered lipid domain in brain membrane, (iii) oxidative stress. However, the role of Tyr 10 in Ab aggregation following interaction with the plasma membrane is not yet demonstrated. We decided to explore the function of Tyr10 in Ab aggregation in vitro and in cellulo. To elucidate the role of Tyr 10 in Ab aggregation and toxicity, we substituted in Ab1-42 sequence Tyr10 with the synthetic amino acid para-amino-Phenylalanine. We analyzed the aggregation properties of wild-type and mutant Ab in vitro and in cellulo. Moreover, we analyzed their uptake in neuronal cells. The Ab mutant shows impaired aggregation properties and sensibly increased affinity for GM1 in vitro. It has a dominant negative effect on amyloidogenesis in vitro and in cellulo, where it impairs the aggregation of wild-type Ab. Moreover, this mutant does not induce oxidative stress and it blocks wild-type Ab -induced cell death. The present study shed new light in the understanding of Ab-membrane interactions in Ab-induced neurotoxicity. It demonstrates the relevance of Tyr 10 in (i) Ab-membrane interaction, (ii) Ab aggregation, (iii) Ab-induced oxidative stress. Furthermore, our results open the way for the design of peptides aimed to inhibit Ab aggregation and neurotoxicity.
Deletion of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor C (VEGF-C) and VEGF-D Is Not Equivalent to VEGF Receptor 3 Deletion in Mouse Embryos (2008)

Lymphatic vessels play an important role in the regulation of tissue fluid balance, immune responses, and fat adsorption and are involved in diseases including lymphedema and tumor metastasis. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 3 (VEGFR-3) is necessary for development of the blood vasculature during early embryogenesis, but later, VEGFR-3 expression becomes restricted to the lymphatic vasculature. We analyzed mice deficient in both of the known VEGFR-3 ligands, VEGF-C and VEGF-D. Unlike the Vegfr3(-/-) embryos, the Vegfc(-/-); Vegfd(-/-) embryos displayed normal blood vasculature after embryonic day 9.5. Deletion of Vegfr3 in the epiblast, using keratin 19 (K19) Cre, resulted in a phenotype identical to that of the Vegfr3(-/-) embryos, suggesting that this phenotype is due to defects in the embryo proper and not in placental development. Interestingly, the Vegfr3(neo) hypomorphic mutant mice carrying the neomycin cassette between exons 1 and 2 showed defective lymphatic development. Overexpression of human or mouse VEGF-D in the skin, under the K14 promoter, rescued the lymphatic hypoplasia of the Vegfc(+/-) mice in the K14-VEGF-D; Vegfc(+/-) compound mice, suggesting that VEGF-D is functionally redundant with VEGF-C in the stimulation of developmental lymphangiogenesis. Our results suggest VEGF-C- and VEGF-D-independent functions for VEGFR-3 in the early embryo.
Electrically enhanced drug delivery for the treatment of soft tissue sarcoma (1999)

In this study, a single electrochemotherapy treatment had a strong cytoreductive effect on small tumors that lasted approximately 35 days, until recurrences began. Multiple treatment of small and large tumors resulted in high complete response rates that lasted at least 100 days after treatment. This indicates the feasibility of electrochemotherapy as a modality of limb-preserving treatment for patients with sarcoma of the extremities.
A superfast 3D lithography simulator and its application for ULSI printability analysis (2004)

Printability challenges are already one of the key limits of new technology generations and the situation will become even worse with the delay in the introduction of 157nm lithography. To optimize the set-up of RET and verify their efficiency within a photo process window, it has become necessary to run detailed lithography simulations. While some 1-D test patterns can be simulated using the 2-D software tools, patterns such as line-ends, corners and metal islands should be evaluated by 3-dimensional simulators. Such a simulator can be calibrated using a small number of in-line measurements and then employed to analyze the “difficult to print patterns”. However, until recently the computational efficiency of such a 3-D tools has not been sufficient for practical applications. Since a lot of features under study are axial-symmetric, symmetry of the 3-D structures can be used to reduce computational complexity. To address this issue, we have developed a method to simulate three-dimensional axial-symmetrical structures. This method is based on the observation that scattering in and out of axial symmetrical structure can be classified into four kinds of scattering waves and each kind of scattering wave can be computed separately. Based on this observation, we have greatly reduced the run time and memory usage of the rigorous waveguide method without any loss of accuracy. According to our experiments, memory usage was reduced to one-forth and run time was shortened to 3~5% of the original simulation. (20-30 times speed up) In this paper, we will discuss applications of the new symmetrical simulator METROPOLE-3D to lithography simulation and layout analysis. We will discuss the fast calibration of METROPOLE-3D simulator. The simulated CD data was compared with experimental FEM wafer data to calibrate the parameters used in PEB and photoresist development. We are now able to analyze a lot of axial symmetrical dense and isolated 2-D structures with unprecedented speed. In this paper, wee will present a full lithography analysis example from a real product manufactured in the state-of-the-art lithography process.
Impact of the Location of CpG Methylation within the GSTP1 Gene on Its Specificity as a DNA Marker for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2012)

Hypermethylation of the glutathione S-transferase π 1 (GSTP1) gene promoter region has been reported to be a potential biomarker to distinguish hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from other liver diseases. However, reports regarding how specific a marker it is have ranged from 100% to 0%. We hypothesized that, to a large extent, the variation of specificity depends on the location of the CpG sites analyzed. To test this hypothesis, we compared the methylation status of the GSTP1 promoter region of the DNA isolated from HCC, cirrhosis, hepatitis, and normal liver tissues by bisulfite-PCR sequencing. We found that the 5' region of the position -48 nt from the transcription start site of the GSTP1 gene is selectively methylated in HCC, whereas the 3' region is methylated in all liver tissues examined, including normal liver and the HCC tissue. Interestingly, when DNA derived from fetal liver and 11 nonhepatic normal tissue was also examined by bisulfite-PCR sequencing, we found that methylation of the 3' region of the promoter appeared to be liver-specific. A methylation-specific PCR assay targeting the 5' region of the promoter was developed and used to quantify the methylated GSTP1 gene in various diseased liver tissues including HCC. When we used an assay targeting the 3' region, we found that the methylation of the 5'-end of the GSTP1 promoter was significantly more specific than that of the 3'-end (97.1% vs. 60%, p<0.0001 by Fisher's exact test) for distinguishing HCC (n = 120) from hepatitis (n = 35) and cirrhosis (n = 35). Encouragingly, 33.8% of the AFP-negative HCC contained the methylated GSTP1 gene. This study clearly demonstrates the importance of the location of CpG site methylation for HCC specificity and how liver-specific DNA methylation should be considered when an epigenetic DNA marker is studied for detection of HCC.
Characterizing the shadow space of camera-light pairs (2008)

We present a theoretical analysis for characterizing the shadows cast by a point light source given its relative position to the camera. In particular, we analyze the epipolar geometry of camera-light pairs, including unusual camera-light configurations such as light sources aligned with the camerapsilas optical axis as well as convenient arrangements such as lights placed in the camera plane. A mathematical characterization of the shadows is derived to determine the orientations and locations of depth discontinuities when projected onto the image plane that could potentially be associated with cast shadows. The resulting theory is applied to compute a lower bound on the number of lights needed to extract all depth discontinuities from a general scene using a multiflash camera. We also provide a characterization of which discontinuities are missed and which are correctly detected by the algorithm, and a foundation for choosing an optimal light placement. Experiments with depth edges computed using two-flash setups and a four-flash setup illustrate the theory, and an additional configuration with a flash at the camerapsilas center of projection is exploited as a solution for some degenerate cases.
<title>Wavelength division multiplexing devices with high-wavelength shift tolerance and their applications in broadband network communication applications</title> (1996)

Wavelength division multiplexers (WDMs) with high-wavelength-shift-tolerance (HWST) are proposed for both multi-mode and single-mode regimes, based on a 1:1 magnification transmission lens imaging system combined with a Littrow grating configuration. The HWST WDMs have a high wavelength-packing-ratio; up to 1:2. In this paper, their optical properties are discussed, and related technological problems are analyzed. In addition, design and experimental results, as well as current applications for both multi- and single-mode WDM devices are provided.
A Measurement Approach to Validate the Predicted Behavior of a Nonlinear Mechanical Energy Harvester (2022)

We consider the response of a nonlinear vibration energy harvester, realized by a bistable snap-through buckling beam. A theoretical model for the system has, previously, been shown to reproduce the experimentally observed behavior, however there are parameter regimes when the model-system agreement is not good. Here we apply a slightly modified model to the same system. We also develop a Neuro-Fuzzy model that can be "trained" to reproduce the observed dynamical behavior. With this NF model, we can obtain the system response that more closely (than the theoretical model) matches the observed behavior. The NF model showed a performance of 99% and 87% during the training and test phases, respectively. Performance of the model was evaluated by a suitable performance index. This affords us a route towards predicting, more accurately, the experimental behavior over a wider range of parameters; this is important in our quest to optimize the system response and energy harvesting efficiency over a wider operating range.
Direct Copper Electrochemical Deposition on Ru-Based Substrates for Advanced Interconnects Target 30 nm and ½ Pitch Lines: From Coupon to Full-Wafer Experiments (2013)

Extending copper electrochemical deposition to 3× nm nodes and beyond requires a new plating approach that is not constrained by typical PVD copper seed step coverage performance. To this purpose, we propose a copper direct plating process on Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD) Ru-based resistive substrates, where the Cu seed is deposited in-situ during the front propagation from the edge to the center of the wafer. In order to understand the full-wafer copper direct plating process that occurs on these liners, the effect of plating tool segmented anode, applied waveform, plating chemistry and substrate surface activation on the subsequent plated copper nucleation and propagation behavior are studied.
Retinal Arteriolar Narrowing Predicts 5-Year Risk of Hypertension in Japanese People: The Funagata Study (2010)

Our findings support the concept that arteriolar narrowing, evident in the retina, signals an increased risk of developing hypertension in Japanese persons.
Entropic factors provide unusual reactivity and selectivity in epoxide-opening reactions promoted by water (2013)

Despite the myriad of selective enzymatic reactions that occur in water, chemists have rarely capitalized on the unique properties of this medium to govern selectivity in reactions. Here we report detailed mechanistic investigations of a water-promoted reaction that displays high selectivity for what is generally a disfavored product. A combination of structural and kinetic data indicates not only that synergy between substrate and water suppresses undesired pathways but also that water promotes the desired pathway by stabilizing charge in the transition state, facilitating proton transfer, doubly activating the substrate for reaction, and perhaps most remarkably, reorganizing the substrate into a reactive conformation that leads to the observed product. This approach serves as an outline for a general strategy of exploiting solvent-solute interactions to achieve unusual reactivity in chemical reactions. These findings may also have implications in the biosynthesis of the ladder polyether natural products, such as the brevetoxins and ciguatoxins.
Variations in the strength of spectral features in spheroidal galactic systems. I - The method and CN band variation (1985)

Moderate-resolution, high signal-to-noise spectra of elliptical galaxies are used to study the relation of the strength of the CN bands to other properties of the Galaxy. A new technique for the measurement of the strength of spectral features is described. Galaxy spectra are divided, pixel by pixel, to reveal subtle differences without loss in spectral resolution. Large intergalaxy CN variations are seen. Further, the CN band strength is shown to be not well correlated with either the strength of other spectral features or with the total luminosity. Two tentative explanations for this effect are proposed.
A Self-Propagating Foaming Process of Porous Al-Ni Intermetallics Assisted by Combustion Reactions (2009)

The self-propagating foaming process of porous Al-Ni intermetallics was investigated. Aluminum and nickel powders were blended, and titanium and boron carbide powders were added as reactive exothermic agents. The blended powder was extruded to make a rod-shape precursor. Only one end of the rod precursor was heated to ignite the reaction. The reaction propagated spontaneously throughout the precursor. Pore formation took place at the same time as the reaction occurred. Adding the exothermic agent was effective to increase the porosity. Preheating the precursor before the ignition was also very effective to produce porous Al-Ni intermetallics with high porosity.
Multiplier-Free Intrachannel Nonlinearity Compensating Algorithm Operating at Symbol Rate (2011)

Intrachannel nonlinearity is considered a major distortion in high-capacity transmission systems particular for the case without inline optical chromatic dispersion compensation. In this paper, a low-complexity intrachannel nonlinear compensator operating at the symbol rate is proposed based on the nonlinear perturbation predistortion for the dual-polarization quadrature phase-shift keying (DP-QPSK) systems. Compared with the widely studied backpropagation algorithm, the proposed algorithm achieves comparable performance with significantly reduced complexity and halved sampling speed in digital signal processing and digital-to-analog converters. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated in a 43 Gb/s DP-QPSK transmission experiment over 1500 km. In addition to the experimental demonstration, numerical simulation verifies that the proposed algorithm is quite robust by tolerating significant uncertainties of link parameters and span-by-span inhomogeneity in the links.
Evaluation of a Meandering Track Primary Topology for EV Roadway Charging (2020)

Many inductive power transfer dynamic systems have been proposed over the last decade; however, few consider interoperability to various secondaries in the design. This article proposes a limited-length two-phase meandering track primary to investigate the feasibility and tradeoffs between this multicoil track topology and a typical lumped pad primary topology for dynamic applications. The purpose of the proposed track system is to deliver continuous power with a smooth coupling profile which naturally lowers the rating requirements of the secondary electronic components, and to be interoperable with many secondary topologies. The proposed track is compared with a previously published lumped system using double-D primary pads distributed one per meter by a normalized coupling metric. The results show that this meandering track primary has a smaller impact on system electronic components and has better interoperability while it requires lower primary compensation rating compared to the lumped pad primary for the same power level. A prototype of the track was built and the simulation results were verified. A 10 kW power experiment was achieved a dc–dc efficiency of around 83%, and the potential of this multicoil topology for interoperable and low-cost high-power dynamic charging was demonstrated.
Study of Interfacial Delamination by Considering the Effect of Temperature and Moisture during Solder Reflow for QFN Package (2005)

Experiment has been conducted to measure the solubility Csat of mold compound and to obtain the moisture weight loss curves at various temperature. Moisture desorption modeling has been conducted to calculate the moisture diffusivity for desorption D(T) by matching with the experimental results. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) has also been conducted to calculate the transient development of strain energy release rate (ERR) at the interfacial crack tip due to thermal stress only (Gt), hygrostress only (Gh), and the combined effect (Gtotal) during solder reflow. ERR is computed based on the Virtual Crack Closure Technique (VCCT). It is found that Gh is significantly smaller than Gt, however the effect of hygrostress significantly increases the total strain energy release rate when combined with the thermal effect. The maximum Gtotal occurs at the peak of the solder reflow profile. The effects of crack size and geometrical parameters have been studied. The result imply that the interfacial crack is unstable and has a high tendency of growing to a significant extent. ERR is strongly influenced by the thickness of the package while length between the edge of die and pad has a moderate affect on the ERR.
CBIO-09. ACID CERAMIDASE CONFERS RADIORESISTANCE TO GLIOBLASTOMA CELLS (2016)

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common malignant cancer of the central nervous system. Therapeutically resistant GBM or glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSC) are hypothesized to cause inevitable recurrence. Acid ceramidase (ASAH1), a lysosome cysteine amidase important in the metabolism of sphingolipids, plays a significant role in tumor progression in many cancers. Here, the role of acid ceramidase in promoting radioresistant GBM was evaluated. Acid ceramidase levels were measured by Western blot. Liquid chromatography mass spectroscopy technique was utilized to measure sphingolipid levels. MTT assays were used to calculate cell survivals. Adult U87 and pediatric SJGBM2 GBM cell lines that survived 10 gy of radiation had significantly higher expression levels of ASAH1. Clinically, these irradiated cells would be an equivalent to that of recurrent GBM that occurred in patients who have undergone radiation treatment. Similarly, irradiated patient GBM tissues expressed a much higher level of ASAH1 compared to the pre-radiation tissue from the same patient. Consistent with previous data, irradiated cells also expressed a higher level of CD133, suggesting a possibility that GSCs are the cells that survived radiation and expressed a high level of ASAH1. Irradiated cells also secreted more ASAH1 into the media than non-irradiated cells. Media containing a high level of secreted ASAH1 promoted 50% more cell growth in U87 cells vs. media containing a lower level of secreted ASAH1. More therapeutically relevant is that these irradiated cells had their cell growth decreased by 50% when treated with ASAH1 antibody, further emphasizing the importance of ASAH1 in treating recurrent or radioresistent GBM. Irradiated U87 cells carry a lower concentration of ceramide and a higher amount sphingosine than native U87 cells. These data suggest that acid ceramidase confers radioresistance to GBM cells by altering the sphingolipid metabolism pathway, making it a valuable drug target.
New Recoverable Poly(ethylene glycol)‐Supported C1‐Diamino‐oligothiophene Ligands for Palladium‐Promoted Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation (AAA) Reactions (2006)

Abstract A new class of chiral C 1 ‐symmetrical diamino‐oligothiophene ligands easy‐grafted on a soluble polymeric support (MeOPEG 5000 ) is described. The diamines were found to be effective promoting agents for the [Pd(0)]‐catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation (AAA) of dimethyl malonate in high yields and excellent enantioselectivity ( ee up to 99 %). The supported chiral ligand was readily recovered by precipitation and filtration was recycled up to three times without an appreciable loss in activity. The recycle of the organometallic catalytic system was also investigated.
Advanced Cooling Technologies I: Single-Phase Liquid Cooling (2002)

In the cooling of electronic equipment, liquid cooling is frequently applied to high—heat dissipation electronic equipment. The reason is that the liquid has better heat transfer properties than that of the gas. Liquid cooling can further be divided into single- and two-phase systems. The latter involves change-of-phase processes such as boiling or condensation. Selection of a coolant for a liquid cooling system becomes a very important design consideration.
Competition between C−C and C−H Activation in Reactions of Neutral Yttrium Atoms with Four Butene Isomers (2003)

The reactions of neutral, ground-state Y (a2D, s2d1) with 1-butene, cis-2-butene, trans-2-butene, and isobutene were studied using crossed molecular beams. At a collision energy of 26.6 kcal/mol, four processes were observed for reactions with cis- and trans-2-butene and 1-butene, corresponding to nonreactive scattering of yttrium atoms and formation of YC4H6 + H2, YH2 + C4H6, and YCH2 + C3H6. For the isobutene reaction, all channels but the YH2 product channel were observed. Experimentally measured product branching ratios indicate that YC4H6 formation is always the dominant process. However, for cis- and trans-2-butene and 1-butene, YH2 formation is significant. Formation of YCH2 was minor for all four isomers. At a collision energy of 11.0 kcal/mol, only YC4H6 + H2 and nonreactive scattering were observed for all four butene isomers. A common mechanism is proposed for reactions of Y with all four isomers, involving formation of a π-complex, followed by insertion of Y into a methyl C−H bond producing a methyl-substituted H−Y−allyl intermediate, followed by competition among three hydrogen migration processes each leading to a distinct product channel.