gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Arsenic on the Formation and Adsorption Property of Ferric Hydroxide Precipitates in ZVI Treatment (2017)

Treatment of arsenic by zerovalent iron (ZVI) has been studied extensively. However, the effect of arsenic on the formation of ferric hydroxide precipitates in the ZVI treatment has not been investigated. We discovered that the specific surface area (ca. 187 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and arsenic content (ca. 67 mg/g) of the suspended solids (As-containing solids) generated in the ZVI treatment of arsenic solutions were much higher than the specific surface area (ca. 37 m<sup>2</sup>/g) and adsorption capacity (ca.12 mg/g) of the suspended solids (As-free solids) generated in the arsenic-free solutions. Arsenic in the As-containing solids was much more stable than the adsorbed arsenic in As-free solids. XRD, SEM, TEM, and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) analyses showed that the As-containing solids consisted of amorphous nanoparticles, while the As-free solids were composed of micron particles with weak crystallinity. Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analysis determined that As(V) was adsorbed on the As-containing suspended solids and magnetic solid surfaces through bidentate binuclear complexation; and As(V) formed a mononuclear complex on the As-free suspended solids. The formation of the surface As(V) complexes retarded the bonding of free FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedra to the oxygen sites on FeO<sub>6</sub> octahedral clusters and prevented the growth of the clusters and their development into 3-dimensional crystalline phases.
Halftoning via direct binary search using analytical and stochastic printer models (2003)

We incorporate models for printer dot interactions within the iterative direct binary search (DBS) halftoning algorithm. Monochrome electro-photographic printers are considered. Both analytical and stochastic models are studied. In the analytical model it is assumed that the printer can generate a circular spot with constant absorptance at each printer addressable location, whereas the stochastic model is based on microscopic absorptance and variance measurements. We also present an efficient strategy for evaluating the change in computational cost as the search progresses. With our scheme, updating the change in error only involves a few fetches from two look-up-tables and some scalar multiplications and additions. Experimental results are provided that show that DBS with an appropriate model for printer dot interactions yields enhanced detail rendition, and improved tonal gradation in shadow areas.
Measuring Effective Flexure Width by Measuring Comb Drive Capacitance (2014)

We measure the effective flexure width of a pair of microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs) by measuring their change in comb drive capacitance upon deflection from applied voltage. This effective width is the value that a corresponding model must have in order to match the performance of the true device. Due to process variations, small changes in width from layout have been shown to increase stiffness by as much as 100%. Existing measurement methods can be costly, have unknown accuracy, are not amenable to industrial-scale batch testing, depend on the measurements of additional quantities, and so on. Our electrical probing method appears to address many of these issues. Our method requires an actuating voltage and capacitance sensing of a pair of MEMS that only differ in layout flexure width. We test our method using a low-cost capacitance meter and compare our results against a high-cost scanning electron microscope technique. We achieve nanometer scale uncertainty.
Moving beyond Transition in China: Financial Reform and the Political Economy of Declining Growth (2002)

The transformation of the world's command economies into market systems constitutes one of the greatest peaceful revolutions of the twentieth century. More debatable, however, is the extent to which this transformation in analytical terms should be treated as a singular phenomenon, a unique category of institutional change replete with its own particular challenges, maladies, and pathologies. Much of the scholarly work on transition-indeed, the very fact that there is a specific literature associated with postsocialist transition-is premised on precisely this notion of singularity. Within this context, debates have gone on to examine procedural issues of optimal pace (gradual and piecemeal or rapid and sweeping) and optimal property rights arrangement (full-scale privatization or some variant of state ownership). For all their vitality and passion, though, these debates share a certain backwardlooking quality. The clearest reference point in all discussions is socialism, the prior institutional arrangement that virtually everybody agrees is undesirable. Questions then turn on how best to distance a given system from that clear referent in the past. How can the politicization of economic activity so central to socialism be eliminated?1 How can societal groupings with a stake in the old system be countered, undercut, or otherwise reoriented so as to allow change to proceed?2 How can growth-inducing markets be allowed to emerge from the underbrush of an old order? When growth fails to emerge, explanations then frequently refer to persistent institutional legacies of the socialist past, insufficiently liberal economic policies, or frustratingly powerful antireform coalitions.3 In assuming the singularity of transition, scholarly studies, to the extent they pursue a comparative approach, draw comparisons almost exclusively from within the camp of formerly socialist systems (for example, Russia versus China or Poland versus Hungary). Rarely are comparisons between such systems and their developed and developing market economy counterparts considered relevant.4 This delineation of the appropriate bounds for comparison, however, carries with it certain implicit assumptions about causation. In other words, the delineation itself is predisposed toward certain kinds of explanations of economic outcomes while it is distanced from others. More
THE UTILITY OF ONYX FOR PREOPERATIVE EMBOLIZATION OF CRANIAL AND SPINAL TUMORS (2008)

OBJECTIVE To assess the utility, technical factors, and complications associated with the use of Onyx (Micro Therapeutics, Inc., Irvine, CA) for preoperative embolization of cranial and spinal tumors. METHODS We reviewed a prospectively accumulated database for patients in whom Onyx was used for preoperative embolization of cranial and spinal tumors over a 19-month period. The patients' demographic characteristics, tumor type and location, embolic agents used, arteries catheterized, and associated complications were assessed. Specific attention was focused on technical factors associated with the use of Onyx that differed from the use of other commonly used embolic materials. RESULTS Ten patients (four female and six male; age range, 11–60 yr) underwent preoperative embolization with Onyx before cranial or spinal tumor resection. Tumors included three juvenile nasal angiofibromas, two meningiomas, two hemangioblastomas, two metastases (renal cell and thyroid), and one giant cell tumor. Onyx embolization was performed in 43 vessels over 11 treatment sessions. There were no complications related to the embolization procedures. Deep penetration of the embolic agent into the tumor was documented through preoperative imaging or surgical pathological specimens. CONCLUSION Preoperative embolization of cranial and spinal tumors can be performed safely. Specific technical advantages of Onyx included deep penetration of lesions producing extensive tumor infarction, the ability to embolize extensive portions of the tumors through fewer arterial catheterizations, and the safety of catheter withdrawal despite often substantial reflux along the embolic catheter.
Biosynthesis of vitamin B12: use of a single 13C label in the macrocycle to confirm C-11 methylation in precorrin-6x (1992)

F. Blanche, M. Kodera, M. Couder, F. J. Leeper, D. Thibaut and A. R. Battersby, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1992, 138 DOI: 10.1039/C39920000138
Introducing ink spreading within the cellular Yule-Nielsen modified Neugebauer model (2010)

We propose an extension of the cellular Yule-Nielsen spectral Neugebauer model accounting for ink spreading of each ink within each subdomain. Characterization of the ink spreading within a given subdomain is performed by fitting the mid-range weights of subdomain node reflectances with the goal of minimizing the sum of square differences between predicted and measured mid-range reflectances. We show that the mid-range weights within a subdomain can be either separately fitted on three halftones or jointly fitted on a single halftone. Accounting for ink spreading considerably improves the prediction accuracy and requires only one additional measurement per subdomain. These additional measurements do not necessarily require spectral measurements. Instead, ink spreading can also be characterized with red, green and blue sensor responses without decreasing the model reflectance prediction accuracy.
EMBL Chemical Biology Meeting 2008: New Views and Interviews (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVIn FocusNEXTEMBL Chemical Biology Meeting 2008: New Views and InterviewsMarlon J. Hinner*View Author Information Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland* Corresponding author, [email protected]Cite this: ACS Chem. Biol. 2009, 4, 1, 13–17Publication Date (Web):January 16, 2009Publication History Received29 December 2008Published online16 January 2009Published inissue 16 January 2009https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cb800315zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cb800315znewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1990Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Biology,Chemical biology,Drug discovery,Screening assays Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Product Selectivity for the Epoxidation of Allyl Alcohol by Variation of the Acidity of the Catalyst TS‐1. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Endovascular interventional MRI (2005)

MR guidance has been used recently to navigate endovascular catheters and deliver stents in large (aorta and pulmonary) and small (coronary, renal, and femoral) arteries, place ASD closure devices, deliver pulmonary valve stents, guide cardiac RF ablations, and perform intramyocardial injections. However, MR visualization of a stent lumen is still a problem and requires more attention. Because of technical limitations and safety concerns associated with the prototype devices used, limited numbers of clinical studies have been performed. Considerable development is necessary to overcome the challenges and take advantage of the benefits that MR has to offer for endovascular interventions. In this article we review the current state of the art and address the topic partly by referring to our own experiments and presenting our recent illustrations.
A thermal analysis of the operation of microscale, inorganic light-emitting diodes (2012)

An analytical model is developed to study the thermal properties of microscale, inorganic light-emitting diodes (μ-ILEDs) with ultra-thin geometries and layouts. The predicted surface and μ-ILED temperatures agree well with experiments and finite-element simulations. A simple scaling law is obtained for the normalized μ-ILED temperature versus the normalized μ-ILED size. This study provides a theory to guide the design of layouts that minimize adverse thermal effects on the performance of μ-ILEDs not only for solid-state lighting but also for applications integrating μ-ILED devices on complex/soft substrate as are currently of interest in optogenetics and other emerging areas in biology.
Effect of Silica Nanoparticles on the Local Segmental Dynamics in Poly(vinyl acetate) (2008)

The effect of nanosized silica particles on the properties of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) was investigated for a range of silica concentrations encompassing the percolation threshold. The quantity of polymer adsorbed to the particles (“bound rubber”) increased systematically with silica content and was roughly equal to the quantity shielded from shear stresses (“occluded rubber”). This bound and occluded polymer attained a level of ∼12% at a silica volume content of 28%; nevertheless, the glass transition properties of the PVAc, including the glass transition temperature, local segmental relaxation function and relaxation times, and the changes in thermal expansion coefficient and heat capacity at Tg, were unaffected by the interfacial material. That is, there is no indication that the local segmental dynamics of the chains adjacent to silica particles differ from the motions of the bulk chains. Interestingly, the volume sensitivity of the segmental dynamics, as determined from the scaling exponent γ in the relation Tg ∼ Vg-γ in which Vg is the specific volume at the glass transition, becomes stronger with increasing silica concentration. Moreover, this dependence of γ increases abruptly at the filler percolation threshold. The implication of this result and possible directions for new research are considered.
Silicon photonic switching for data center applications (2011)

Switching fabrics in datacenters that rely on traditional electrical switches face scaling issues in terms of power consumption. Fast optical switches based on silicon photonics platform can enable the high port speed and high interconnection density needed while still maintaining small footprint and low power consumption.
GaAs-based self-aligned laser incorporating InGaP opto-electronic confinement layer (2008)

The realisation of GaAs-based self-aligned lasers based on a single overgrowth, and avoiding exposure of AlGaAs during fabrication, is demonstrated. An n-doped InGaP layer is utilised for both electrical and optical confinement, resulting in single lateral mode emission from an In0.17Ga0.83As double quantum well laser.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Alkenes (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Substrate-Dependent Effects on the Response of AlGaN/GaN HEMTs to 2-MeV Proton Irradiation (2014)

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors grown on Si, SiC, and sapphire substrates were exposed to 2-MeV proton irradiation in incremental fluences up to 6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> . The devices were characterized initially and after each irradiation by Hall and dc I-V measurements to probe the mechanisms associated with radiation-induced degradation and failure. It was determined that defects created at the AlGaN/GaN interface introduce scattering centers near the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which result in degraded mobility. Additionally, charged traps in the structure serve to screen the 2DEG resulting in reduced sheet carrier density. These two effects are responsible for degraded I-V behavior, including reduced saturation current and transconductance, increased ON-resistance, and positive threshold voltage shift. Interestingly, the sample with the most pre-existing defects was the most tolerant of radiation-induced damage.
SYNTHESIS OF 2,5-Bis-(4-CYANOPHENYL)-FURAN (1996)

The synthesis of 2,5-bis-(4-cyanophenyl)-furan by three different approaches is reported.
HPV-Impfstoffe – zugelassene Vakzinen und experimenteller RG1-VLP-Impfstoff der nächsten Generation (2021)

Zusammenfassung Infektionen mit &gt;12 sexuell übertragbaren genitalen „high-risk“ (hr) humanen Papillomviren (HPV) sind hauptverantwortlich für anogenitale Karzinome, insbesondere Zervix- und Analkarzinome sowie oropharyngeale Karzinome, insgesamt für 5 % der Karzinome weltweit. Genitale „low-risk“ (lr) HPV und kutane HPV verursachen Anogenitalwarzen (Kondylome) bzw. Hautwarzen, kutane Genus β‑HPV sind ein potenzieller Kofaktor für die Entwicklung nichtmelanozytärer Hautkarzinome in Immunsupprimierten. Die zugelassenen HPV-Vakzinen sind Spaltimpfstoffe bestehend aus leeren Hauptkapsidproteinhüllen (L1-virus-like particles, VLP). Die prophylaktische Impfung mit dem modernen nonavalenten Impfstoff Gardasil‑9 (HPV6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) verhindert persistierende Infektionen mit Typen, die bis zu 90 % der Zervixkarzinome und Kondylome verursachen. Der Impfschutz ist vorwiegend typenspezifisch, daher besteht kein Schutz gegen Infektionen mit den übrigen genitalen hrHPV oder Hauttypen. RG1-VLP ist ein experimenteller „next generation“-Impfstoff, bestehend aus HPV16L1-VLP, welche ein Kreuzneutralisierungs-Epitop des HPV16 Nebenkapsidproteins L2 („RG1“; Aminosäuren 17–36) repetitiv (360×) an der Oberfläche tragen. Eine Vakzinierung mit RG1-VLP schützt im Tierversuch gegen experimentelle Infektionen mit allen relevanten genitalen hrHPV (~96 % aller Zervixkarzinome), lrHPV (~90 % der Kondylome) sowie gegen einige kutane und β‑HPV. Präklinische Daten zeigen langanhaltende Protektion ohne Boosterimmunisierung ein Jahr nach der Impfung sowie Wirksamkeit nach nur 2 Dosen. Auch in lyophilisierter, thermostabiler Form bleibt die Immunogenität der RG1-VLP erhalten. Eine Phase-I-Studie ist mit Unterstützung des US NCI/NIH in Vorbereitung. Der vorliegende Artikel diskutiert Fragestellungen zur HPV-Impfstoffoptimierung und präsentiert den pan-HPV-Impfstoffkandidat RG1-VLP.
Supplementary Tables 1-3, Figure 1 from Targeting the Lymphotoxin-β Receptor with Agonist Antibodies as a Potential Cancer Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Tables 1-3, Figure 1 from Targeting the Lymphotoxin-β Receptor with Agonist Antibodies as a Potential Cancer Therapy
Impact of FtsZ Inhibition on the Localization of the Penicillin Binding Proteins in Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (2021)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a multidrug-resistant pathogen of acute clinical importance. Combination treatment with an FtsZ inhibitor potentiates the activity of penicillin binding protein (PBP)-targeting β-lactam antibiotics against MRSA. To explore the mechanism underlying this synergistic behavior, we examined the impact of treatment with the FtsZ inhibitor TXA707 on the spatial localization of the five PBP proteins expressed in MRSA. In the absence of drug treatment, PBP1, PBP2, PBP3, and PBP4 colocalize with FtsZ at the septum, contributing to new cell wall formation. In contrast, PBP2a localizes to distinct foci along the cell periphery. Upon treatment with TXA707, septum formation becomes disrupted, and FtsZ relocalizes away from midcell. PBP1 and PBP3 remain significantly colocalized with FtsZ, while PBP2, PBP4, and PBP2a localize away from FtsZ to specific sites along the periphery of the enlarged cells. We also examined the impact on PBP2a and PBP2 localization of treatment with β-lactam antibiotic oxacillin alone and in synergistic combination with TXA707. Significantly, PBP2a localizes to the septum in approximately 15% of the oxacillin-treated cells, a behavior that likely contributes to the β-lactam resistance of MRSA. Combination treatment with TXA707 causes both PBP2a and PBP2 to localize in malformed septum-like structures. Our collective results suggest that PBP2, PBP4, and PBP2a may function collaboratively in peripheral cell wall repair and maintenance in response to FtsZ inhibition by TXA707. Cotreatment with oxacillin appears to reduce the availability of PBP2a to assist in this repair, thereby rendering the MRSA cells more susceptible to the β-lactam. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> MRSA is a multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogen of acute clinical importance, infecting many thousands of individuals globally each year. The essential cell division protein FtsZ has been identified as an appealing target for the development of new drugs to combat MRSA infections. Through synergistic actions, FtsZ-targeting agents can sensitize MRSA to antibiotics like the β-lactams that would otherwise be ineffective. This study provides key insights into the mechanism underlying this synergistic behavior as well as MRSA resistance to β-lactam drugs. The results of this work will help guide the identification and optimization of combination drug regimens that can effectively treat MRSA infections and reduce the potential for future resistance.
Cardiovascular reflexes in short-term diabetics with normal physical working capacity (1980)

The aim of the study was to elucidate whether disturbances of sympathetic and parasympathetic control of cardiac functions appear in short-term diabetics. For this purpose, cardiovascular reflexes [resting heart rate (HR), respiratory sinus arrhythmia, Valsalva manoeuvre, orthostatic test] and physical working capacity were investigated in fifteen maturity-onset diabetics (aged 40-60 years, duration of diabetes 1-9 years) and nineteen healthy volunteers. All diabetics had normal sensory tests, positive Achilles tendon jerks, and no signs of retinopathy or nephropathy. In the diabetics, HR at rest was increased (in the diabetics 80 +/- 12 vs 69 +/- 9 beats/min in the controls, P less than 0.01), the Valsalva ratio was decreased (P less than 0.01) and respiratory sinus arrhythmia decreased (P less than 0.05). In contrast, the physical working capacity was not altered. This study demonstrates impairment of cardiovascular reflexes in short-term diabetics, most likely due to neuropathy of the vagal nerves.
Sobre a Formação dos Psicanalistas (2005)

The persistence of negative attitudes towards cancer pain and its treatment suggests there is scope for identifying more effective pain education strategies. This randomized controlled trial involving 189 ambulatory cancer patients evaluated an educational intervention that aimed to optimize patients' ability to manage pain. One week post-intervention, patients receiving the pain management intervention (PMI) had a significantly greater increase in self-reported pain knowledge, perceived control over pain, and number of pain treatments recommended. Intervention group patients also demonstrated a greater reduction in willingness to tolerate pain, concerns about addiction and side effects, being a "good" patient, and tolerance to pain relieving medication. The results suggest that targeted educational interventions that utilize individualized instructional techniques may alter cancer patient attitudes, which can potentially act as barriers to effective pain management.