gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supplementary Figure 4 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Discovery and Characterization of Novel Mutant FLT3 Kinase Inhibitors
Non-Maximally Decimated Analysis/Synthesis Filter Banks: Applications in Wideband Digital Filtering (2014)

We present a new class of highly effective and low complexity digital filters for processing very wideband signals. Digital filtering for wideband signals is often limited by the number of arithmetic operations that has to be performed per input sampling interval. We will show the new architecture permits filtering to be performed on partitioned spectral segments of the input signal at significantly reduced sample rate. The digital filtering will be shown to include various tasks such as linear/non-linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) filtering, fractional delay filter among others. The proposed technique utilizes the framework of non-maximally decimated filter banks (NMDFBs) with perfect reconstruction (PR) property, which makes the filter bank design simpler and more flexible. Compact representation for the generalized DFT based NMDFBs as well as its efficient polyphase implementation will be provided. The digital filtering is made possible by incorporating the desired intermediate processing elements in between the analysis and synthesis filter banks. We will show this embedded intermediate processing elements can achieve spectral shaping/signal manipulation task, which is a generalization of the concept of manipulating a digital filter in the frequency domain. We also analyze both analytically and experimentally, the spectral shaping accuracy based on different design strategies.
Systematic Identification of Mitochondrial Proteins by LC−MS/MS (2002)

In eukaryotic cells, the mitochondrion is the key organelle for cellular respiration. Mitochondrial proteome analysis is difficult to perform by the classical proteomic approach involving two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), because this organelle contains a large number of membrane-associated and highly alkaline proteins usually requiring specific treatments to be successfully analyzed. Here, an alternative approach was evaluated and led to the rapid and sensitive identification of approximately 35% of the yeast mitochondrial proteins. It consists of an SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis of the total mitochondrial protein in combination with the LC-MS/MS analysis of the digestion products of gel slices. The use of only 40 microg of mitochondrial protein enabled the identification of 179 different gene products divided into similar proportions of membrane and soluble proteins. The distribution of the identified proteins in terms of pI and hydrophobicity revealed that the present analytical strategy is largely unbiased. The identification of 28 proteins of previously unknown subcellular localization demonstrated the ability of SDS-PAGE-LC-MS/MS to rapidly supplement the knowledge of the mitochondrial proteome.
Model Classes, Approximation, and Metrics for Dynamic Processing of Urban Terrain Data (2013)

Abstract : Theory, algorithms, and software have been developed for the analysis and processing of point cloud sensor data for representation, analysis and visualization of complex urban terrain. These involve various parameterizations of terrain data based on implicit surface representations and adaptive multiscale methods that enable high resolution and enhance understanding of topology and geometric features. The wavelet and multi scale methods enable fast computation and allow for varying local resolution of the data depending on the local density of the point cloud. The implicit representations which are developed facilitate highly accurate approximation of signed distances to the sensed terrain surface. The level sets of the signed distance provide efficiently computed field of view from specified observation points. Collaboration among MURI focus groups has yielded hybrid methods incorporating the best features of both approaches. Simulation and field experiments have been conducted to test the MURI methodologies. These include problems of sensor assimilation for autonomous navigation of urban terrain, surveillance, secure route planning, line of sight, target acquisition and a host of related problems.
Behavioural evaluation of mouse models of type 2 diabetes (2021)

Motivation for food reinforcers in mouse models of type 2 diabetes was examined in three experiments. In all experiments, physiological measures indicated the presence of type 2 diabetes. In Experiment 1, high-fat fed Swiss TO mice and lean controls showed a preference for high-fat corn oil reinforcers over high-sugar syrup reinforcers in a T-Maze task, but there were no differences between the two groups. In Experiment 2, high-fat fed Swiss TO mice and lean controls responded for corn oil or food pellet reinforcers on progressive ratio schedules. While break point numbers were higher for corn oil than food pellets, and satiation or extinction reduced break points, there were no differences between the groups. In Experiment 3, streptozotocin treatment was used to induce type 2 diabetes in C57Bl/6 j mice that were compared with controls while responding for corn oil or food pellet reinforcers on progressive ratio schedules. While break point numbers were higher for corn oil than food pellets before and after streptozotocin treatment, and satiation or extinction reduced break points, there were no differences between the groups. Parameters for a more complex method of assessment of progressive ratio behaviour derived from Killeen’s Mathematical Principles of Reinforcement were also computed. While the parameter associated with incentive value was higher for corn oil than for food pellets, parameters were not significantly affected by streptozotocin treatment. Overall, a range of behavioural measures of food motivation failed to reveal effects of changes relative to controls in mice that showed physiological evidence of type 2 diabetes.
Multimedia Applications of Audio Recognition (2004)

An overview of three projects at the Laboratory for Recognition and Organization of Speech and Audio, Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University: speaker turn segmentation, segmenting long-duration "personal audio" recordings, and modeling the space of drum patterns in pop songs.
Can Auditory Signal Processing Be Used Effectively In Learning Engineering Concepts? (2020)

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu of an abstract Session: Multi-Media Session 2793 Can auditory signal processing be used effectively in learning engineering concepts? H. Kunov, Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering and The Edward S. Rogers Sr. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Toronto Introduction Engineering is usually taught using visual material and classical lectures, projects, and laboratories. The main auditory component is verbal explanations by the teaching staff. I believe the auditory system represents a rich, underused resource for learning engineering concepts. This became evident after I had introduced multimedia presentations in an acoustics course at the University of Toronto. In that course, I made significant use of sound files to illustrate fundamental and applied concepts, and students appeared to not only enjoy the course more, but also to learn better. The question was, if this could be generalized to other courses, and if it really would improve learning. In order to gain more qualitative information, we tested the following hypotheses: 1. The use of appropriate auditory/visual demonstrations improves the comprehension of a number of important signal processing concepts. 2. There is a set of design principles that allows for efficient and effective choice and creation of such materials. Methodology Eight 20-minute long modules were developed on separate (and not interrelated) topics. The eight modules were chosen such that half were more theoretical, and half were more advanced. Sliced differently, half were on an introductory level, and half advanced. Finally half were natural candidates for acoustic demonstrations, the other half not. Each of the eight modules is a unique combination of those three dimensions see Table 1 below. Volunteers were recruited from the undergraduate population in the engineering faculty, and were asked to sign a consent form, approved by the University’s Ethics Review Board. The recruitment lecture explained the purpose and method of the experiment, and contained a sample module. During the following four weeks, a rigid presentation schedule was followed: In a given week, a set of two modules was presented during one lecture on two occasions. On the first occasion, Module A was presented with sound files, and Module B without. On the second occasion, A was without sound files, and B with sound. Otherwise the modules were identical. A given student would attend only one of the two lectures in a given week. Questions from the class, relating to the material, during and after the presentations were discouraged. After each module, a simple four-question multiple-choice quiz was administered. Each question had five Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Copyright  2001, American Society for Engineering Education
Propagation of quantum noise in multiplexed x-ray imaging (2008)

Multiplexed x-ray imaging was recently proposed as a way to possibly reduce x-ray source power requirements while maintaining temporal resolution and imaging speed. Rather than measuring projections sequentially, with multiplexing multiple sources send photons to the same detector corresponding to different projections. Data for the multiple projections that are measured by the same detector are separated by energizing the sources with different temporal sequences. This concept could be used for radiography, tomosynthesis, or CT imaging. Multiplexed measurements are used very successfully in other modalities. For example, in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from multiple voxels, perhaps even the entire object, can be measured through a single channel. In MRI, the simultaneous interrogation of multiple regions has no SNR penalty. It is important to examine the noise impact of multiplexing/demultiplexing in x-ray imaging. We examined the propagation of noise due to the quantum statistics of the measured x-rays. The analysis showed that for quantum limited acquisitions, the noise penalty of multiplexing can be severe. Indeed, if both the multiplexed and sequential methods are quantum limited, the simpler sequential method always outperforms multiplexing.
DOUBLE LINE PHENOTYPES IN RABBIT IgG ALLOTYPES AND THEIR RELATION TO THE CIS/TRANS CONFIGURATION OF THE IgG MARKERS (1977)

Rabbit antiallotype sera raised against heavy chain markers sometimes show double precipitin lines with all or some of the corresponding antigens (double and single line phenotypes). In a number of cases the double line phenotypes behave as alleles of the single line phenotypes and this feature allows a genetic and immunochemical analysis of these systems. In three cases that have been analysed, the double line phenotype arise when a precipitating a locus allotype and a non-precipitating d or e locus allotype are present on the same molecule (a1 and d14), (a1 and d11), (a3 and d11). This only happens when the corresponding genes are present on the same chromosome (cis configuration) of the diploid pair. These sera are therefore useful for determining directly the genotype of the animals.
SystemDS: A Declarative Machine Learning System for the End-to-End Data\n Science Lifecycle (2019)

Machine learning (ML) applications become increasingly common in many\ndomains. ML systems to execute these workloads include numerical computing\nframeworks and libraries, ML algorithm libraries, and specialized systems for\ndeep neural networks and distributed ML. These systems focus primarily on\nefficient model training and scoring. However, the data science process is\nexploratory, and deals with underspecified objectives and a wide variety of\nheterogeneous data sources. Therefore, additional tools are employed for data\nengineering and debugging, which requires boundary crossing, unnecessary manual\neffort, and lacks optimization across the lifecycle. In this paper, we\nintroduce SystemDS, an open source ML system for the end-to-end data science\nlifecycle from data integration, cleaning, and preparation, over local,\ndistributed, and federated ML model training, to debugging and serving. To this\nend, we aim to provide a stack of declarative language abstractions for the\ndifferent lifecycle tasks, and users with different expertise. We describe the\noverall system architecture, explain major design decisions (motivated by\nlessons learned from Apache SystemML), and discuss key features and research\ndirections. Finally, we provide preliminary results that show the potential of\nend-to-end lifecycle optimization.\n
Topology Optimized Nanostrips for Electric Field Enhancements (2017)

This work addresses efficiency improvements of solar cells by manipulating the spectrum of sunlight to bettermatch the range of efficient current generation. The intrinsic transmission losses in crystalline silicon can effectivelybe reduced using photon upconversion in erbium ions in which low energy photons are converted to higher energy photons able to bridge the band gap energy and contribute the energy generation. The upconversion process in erbium is inefficient under the natural solar irradiation, and without any electric field enhancements of the incident light, the process is negligible for photo-voltaic applications. However, the probability for upconversion can be increased by focusing the incident light onto the erbium ions using optimized metal nanostructures[1, 2, 3]. The aim of this work is to increase the photon upconversion yield by optimizing the design of metalic or dielectric nanostructures placed on top of an erbium doped thin film. To achieve this goal, topology optimization[4] isused to create 2D cross-sectional designs of nanostrips able to focus the incident light into the film. The infrared absorption band of erbium is sought utilized by optimizing for multiple excitation wavelengths while also including production inaccuracies directly within the optimization process[5]. The governing physics is modeled using Maxwell equations in a finite spatial domain truncated using periodic or scattering boundary conditions.
Direct Inpatient Medical Costs of Operative Treatment of Periprosthetic Hip and Knee Infections Are Twofold Higher Than Those of Aseptic Revisions (2020)

Economic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The Architecture of the BRAIN Network Layer (2000)

This paper describes the architecture of the network layer used in terminals and the access network of the BRAIN project. It describes the design principles that have been applied, the basic access network structure that results, and the way in which this structure fits with other components of the complete mobile system.
Energy Levels, Electronic Properties, and Rectification in Ultrathin p-NiO Films Synthesized by Atomic Layer Deposition (2012)

NiO is an attractive p-type transparent semiconductor that is being explored for a variety of applications. We report a systematic study of the electronic properties, relevant to hole-transporting materials in solar energy conversion applications, of NiO synthesized by atomic layer deposition (ALD). The acceptor concentration, flat band potential, and valence band position were determined by electrochemical Mott–Schottky analysis of impedance data in aqueous electrolytes for films less than 100 nm in thickness on F:SnO2 (FTO)-coated glass substrates. The effects of postdeposition annealing and film thickness were studied. Oxidation of the NiO was observed at temperatures as low as 300 °C in 1 atm of oxygen. Films annealed at 400 °C and above in Ar exhibited signs of thermal decomposition. Thinner films were found to have a higher carrier concentration. F:SnO2 and thermally evaporated Ag were both observed to form ohmic contact to ALD-synthesized TiO2 and NiO. A p/n heterojunction diode was fabricated from the transparent ALD TiO2 and NiO layers with the structure FTO/NiO/TiO2/Ag that showed rectification.
A new ignitable spark detection system for lightning protection in CFRP structure (3E11) (2019)

In the aircraft structure design, a demonstration of fuel tank ignition prevention by lightning is required by FAA regulation § 25.981. The demonstrations required by this regulation are very tough and many tests are spent. Demonstrations are confirmed a detection of sparks by a lightning test using fuel tank coupon specimens or fuel system components. Usually detection of spark is took a photograph by digital camera. However, detection of sparks from photographs is requires a large number of test and judgment times. This research aims to reduce tests and judgment times, and reports on the development of the automatic spark detection system using optical sensors instead of digital camera.
Patterning metamaterials for fast and efficient single-photon sources (2017)

Solid state quantum emitters are prime candidates to realize fast on-demand single-photon sources. The improvement in photon emission and collection efficiencies for quantum emitters, such as nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, can be achieved by using a near-field coupling to nanophotonic structures. Plasmonic metamaterial structures with hyperbolic dispersion have been previously demonstrated to significantly increase the fluorescence decay rates from NV centers. However, the electromagnetic waves propagating inside the metamaterial must be outcoupled before they succumb to ohmic losses. We propose a nano-grooved hyperbolic metamaterial that improves the collection efficiency from a nanodiamond-based NV center by a factor of 4.3 compared to the case of coupling to a flat metamaterial. Our design can be utilized to achieve highly efficient and fast single-photon sources based on a variety of quantum emitters.
Repeated Oral Vaccination of Cattle with Shiga Toxin-Negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 Reduces Carriage of Wild-Type E. coli O157:H7 after Challenge (2020)

Subcutaneous vaccination of cattle for enterohemorrhagic <i>Escherichia coli</i> O157:H7 reduces the magnitude and duration of fecal shedding, but the often-required, repeated cattle restraint can increase costs, deterring adoption by producers. In contrast, live oral vaccines may be repeatedly administered in feed, without animal restraint. We investigated whether oral immunization with live <i>stx</i>-negative LEE<sup>+</sup><i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 reduced rectoanal junction (RAJ) colonization by wild-type (WT) <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strains after challenge. Two groups of cattle were orally dosed twice weekly for 6 weeks with 3 × 10<sup>9</sup> CFU of a pool of three <i>stx</i>-negative LEE<sup>+</sup><i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strains (vaccine group) or three <i>stx</i>-negative LEE<sup>-</sup> non-O157:H7 <i>E. coli</i> strains (control group). Three weeks following the final oral dose, animals in both groups were orally challenged with a cocktail of four <i>stx<sup>+</sup></i> LEE<sup>+</sup><i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 WT strains. Subsequently, WT strains at the RAJ were enumerated weekly for 4 weeks. Serum antibodies against type III secretion protein (TTSP), the translocated intimin receptor (Tir), and EspA were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) at day 0 (preimmunization), day 61 (postimmunization, prechallenge), and day 89 (postchallenge). Vaccine group cattle had lower numbers of WT strains at the RAJ than control group cattle on postchallenge days 3 and 7 (<i>P ≤ </i>0.05). Also, vaccine group cattle shed WT strains for a shorter duration than control group cattle. All cattle seroconverted to TTSP, Tir, and EspA, either following immunization (vaccine group) or following challenge (control group). Increased antibody titers against Tir and TTSP postimmunization were associated with decreased numbers of WT <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 organisms at the RAJ.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The bacterium <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 causes foodborne disease in humans that can lead to bloody diarrhea, kidney failure, vascular damage, and death. Healthy cattle are the main source of this human pathogen. Reducing <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 in cattle will reduce human disease. Using a randomized comparison, a bovine vaccine to reduce carriage of the human pathogen was tested. A detoxified <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 strain, missing genes that cause disease, was fed to cattle as an oral vaccine to reduce carriage of pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7. After vaccination, the cattle were challenged with disease-causing <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7. The vaccinated cattle had decreased <i>E. coli</i> O157:H7 during the first 7 days postchallenge and shed the bacteria for a shorter duration than the nonvaccinated control cattle. The results support optimization of the approach to cattle vaccination that would reduce human disease.
Improving cache lifetime reliability at ultra-low voltages (2009)

Voltage scaling is one of the most effective mechanisms to reduce microprocessor power consumption. However, the increased severity of manufacturing-induced parameter variations at lower voltages limits voltage scaling to a minimum voltage, Vccmin, below which a processor cannot operate reliably. Memory cell failures in large memory structures (e.g., caches) typically determine the Vccmin for the whole processor. Memory failures can be persistent (i.e., failures at time zero which cause yield loss) or non-persistent (e.g., soft errors or erratic bit failures). Both types of failures increase as supply voltage decreases and both need to be addressed to achieve reliable operation at low voltages. In this paper, we propose a novel adaptive technique to improve cache lifetime reliability and enable low voltage operation. This technique, multi-bit segmented ECC (MS-ECC) addresses both persistent and non-persistent failures. Like previous work on mitigating persistent failures, MS-ECC trades off cache capacity for lower voltages. However, unlike previous schemes, MS-ECC does not rely on testing to identify and isolate defective bits, and therefore enables error tolerance for non-persistent failures like erratic bits and soft errors at low voltages. Furthermore, MS-ECC's design can allow the operating system to adaptively change the cache size and ECC capability to adjust to system operating conditions. Compared to current designs with single-bit correction, the most aggressive implementation for MS-ECC enables a 30% reduction in supply voltage, reducing power by 71% and energy per instruction by 42%.
An automatic grid corner extraction technique for camera calibration (2012)

Camera calibration is essential for many computer vision and image processing applications. However, this calibration process can be rather time consuming and may require a significant amount of human intervention. Calibration models traditionally employ a calibration grid whose four corner points must be marked by hand on a per-frame basis. The objective of this work is to develop a technique for processing these frames rapidly, with as little human intervention as possible. We propose an algorithm to extract the boundaries of the calibration grid automatically, based on a spectral analysis of HD (high-definition) video frames. The accuracy of the intrinsic parameters estimated using our automatic method is evaluated through comparison with those obtained using a method that requires hand labeling of the corner points.