gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A dielectric study on the relaxation and switching behaviour of liquid crystals confined within a colloidal network (2003)

The molecular ordering and dynamics of a liquid crystal (LC E7) in the presence of a three-dimensional network of submicron particles have been studied by dielectric relaxation spectroscopy. The field-dependent orientation of the LC was quantified by the director order parameter and modelled by use of a three-phase model. The influence of the colloidal network on the molecular dynamics was assessed from the dielectric spectra, e.g. from the position of relaxation peaks as well as from the strength of the two principal relaxations (α and γ). The spectra changed noticeably upon application of an increasing d.c. bias. A reduction of the threshold field was observed upon addition of colloidal particles to the LC. This was associated with a switching between two metastable states induced by anchoring on the filler particles. Modelled spectra were found to be in good agreement with the experimental data. The modelling showed that the confined LC phase is composed of two fractions, viz. an ordered and a disordered one with different molecular mobilities. Furthermore, switching experiments were conducted at various temperatures in order to evaluate the impact of the colloidal network on the (temperature-dependent) orientational behaviour of the LC molecules. For the colloid-filled LC higher conductivities were found, which gave rise to longer switch-off times.
BusiNet -- a Light and Fast Text Detection Network for Business Documents (2022)

For digitizing or indexing physical documents, Optical Character Recognition (OCR), the process of extracting textual information from scanned documents, is a vital technology. When a document is visually damaged or contains non-textual elements, existing technologies can yield poor results, as erroneous detection results can greatly affect the quality of OCR. In this paper we present a detection network dubbed BusiNet aimed at OCR of business documents. Business documents often include sensitive information and as such they cannot be uploaded to a cloud service for OCR. BusiNet was designed to be fast and light so it could run locally preventing privacy issues. Furthermore, BusiNet is built to handle scanned document corruption and noise using a specialized synthetic dataset. The model is made robust to unseen noise by employing adversarial training strategies. We perform an evaluation on publicly available datasets demonstrating the usefulness and broad applicability of our model.
Targeted Amino Acid Substitutions Impair Streptolysin O Toxicity and Group A Streptococcus Virulence (2013)

We present a novel example of structural design of a vaccine antigen optimized for human vaccine use. Having previously demonstrated that immunization of mice with streptolysin O elicits a protective immune response against infection with group A Streptococcus strains of different serotypes, we developed in this study a double-mutated nontoxic derivative that represents a novel tool for the development of protective vaccine formulations against this important human pathogen. Furthermore, the innovative construction of an isogenic strain expressing a functionally inactive toxin and its use in infection and opsonophagocytosis experiments allowed us to investigate the mechanism by which streptolysin O mediates protection against group A Streptococcus. Finally, the ability of this toxin to directly attack and kill host immune cells during infection was studied in an air pouch model, which allowed parallel quantification of cellular recruitment, vitality, and cytokine release at the infection site.
Lethal mutagenesis of HIV with mutagenic nucleoside analogs (1999)

The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replicates its genome and mutates at exceptionally high rates. As a result, the virus is able to evade immunological and chemical antiviral agents. We tested the hypothesis that a further increase in the mutation rate by promutagenic nucleoside analogs would abolish viral replication. We evaluated deoxynucleoside analogs for lack of toxicity to human cells, incorporation by HIV reverse transcriptase, resistance to repair when incorporated into the DNA strand of an RNA.DNA hybrid, and mispairing at high frequency. Among the candidates tested, 5-hydroxydeoxycytidine (5-OH-dC) fulfilled these criteria. In seven of nine experiments, the presence of this analog resulted in the loss of viral replicative potential after 9-24 sequential passages of HIV in human CEM cells. In contrast, loss of viral replication was not observed in 28 control cultures passaged in the absence of the nucleoside analog, nor with other analogs tested. Sequence analysis of a portion of the HIV reverse transcriptase gene demonstrated a disproportionate increase in G --> A substitutions, mutations predicted to result from misincorporation of 5-OH-dC into the cDNA during reverse transcription. Thus, "lethal mutagenesis" driven by the class of deoxynucleoside analogs represented by 5-OH-dC could provide a new approach to treating HIV infections and, potentially, other viral infections.
Reappearance of H1N1 influenza virus in man: evidence for the persistence of the virus in domestic chickens. (1979)

Serological studies on domestic poultry originating from China and Hong Kong suggest that the H1N1 virus may have persisted in domestic chickens prior to its reappearance in man in 1977. Experimental infection of young, local strains of poultry provided equivocal evidence that 4-day-old chickens could be infected; virus was not recovered from infected 1-month-old chickens.
Phonological repetition blindness. (1992)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, 1992.
Ariel: Enabling planetary science across light-years (2021)

Ariel, the Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey, was adopted as the fourth medium-class mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision programme to be launched in 2029. During its 4-year mission, Ariel will study what exoplanets are made of, how they formed and how they evolve, by surveying a diverse sample of about 1000 extrasolar planets, simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. It is the first mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, enabling planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The payload consists of an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (primary mirror 1100 mm x 730 mm ellipse) and two separate instruments (FGS and AIRS) covering simultaneously 0.5-7.8 micron spectral range. The satellite is best placed into an L2 orbit to maximise the thermal stability and the field of regard. The payload module is passively cooled via a series of V-Groove radiators; the detectors for the AIRS are the only items that require active cooling via an active Ne JT cooler. The Ariel payload is developed by a consortium of more than 50 institutes from 16 ESA countries, which include the UK, France, Italy, Belgium, Poland, Spain, Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Portugal, Czech Republic, Hungary, the Netherlands, Sweden, Norway, Estonia, and a NASA contribution.
AAPG Memoir 76, Chapter 19: The Future of Pressure Prediction Using Geophysical Methods (2001)

The technology of pore-pressure prediction has advanced significantly in recent years. In the future, new methods for pore-pressure prediction will routinely use shear-wave data gathered using multicomponent seismic technology. Overburden and fracture gradient will be predicted in three dimensions using gravity and magnetic inversion technology. Seismic inversion, both prestack and poststack, will provide refined estimates of the velocity field in the subsurface, and new seismic-processing methods will allow velocity anisotropy to be predicted accurately so that it can be used to predict both pore pressure and real triaxial stress fields in the earth. These new methods will be used to make advances in the prediction of pressures in nonclastic rocks and to extract information that can be used to accurately predict structural hyperpressuring in reservoirs to assist in drilling difficult wells. Pressure prediction will become a standard tool in basin-scale and prospect-scale evaluation of the hydrocarbon system and will be used to guide the exploration process. In the production environment, pore-pressure prediction will be used routinely to provide a three-dimensional model for the pressure regime in the subsurface that will be critical to effective reservoir simulation and reservoir management. Despite all these advances, however, pore-pressure prediction will still be limited by the quality of seismic data acquisition and processing technology that is used to prepare the data and by the structural complexity of the subsurface that is to be imaged. Predictions will continue to be limited by the lack of predrill information about the state of compaction in the subsurface that is critical to a robust pressure prediction. Lastly, prediction accuracy will continue to be limited by the presence of secondary pressure in situations where velocity reversals are difficult to detect on seismic data.
Oxidative Cleavage of Vicinal Diols with the Combination of Platinum and Vanadium Catalysts and Molecular Oxygen (2016)

Abstract The combination of Pt/C and V 2 O 5 catalysts gave good performance for the oxidative cleavage of trans ‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol into adipic acid via 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone. The yield of adipic acid reached 90 % in the one‐pot oxidative cleavage of trans ‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol. The yield was higher than that obtained in the oxidation of 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone with V catalyst, and the higher yield was due to the low 2‐hydroxycyclohexanone concentration during the one‐pot oxidation of trans ‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol. Cyclic vicinal diols having a six‐membered ring and linear vicinal diols having two secondary OH groups were converted into dicarboxylic acids and two carboxylic acids, respectively. The activity of the Pt catalyst decreased during the reaction, and the activity was partially restored by treating the used catalyst with H 2 at 573 K. Even without regeneration, the turnover number based on total Pt could reach ≈1000 in a long reaction with an increased amount of trans ‐1,2‐cyclohexanediol.
High-Throughput Screening of Heterogeneous Catalysts for the Conversion of Furfural to Bio-Based Fuel Components (2015)

The one-pot catalytic reductive etherification of furfural to 2-methoxymethylfuran (furfuryl methyl ether, FME), a valuable bio-based chemical or fuel, is reported. A large number of commercially available hydrogenation heterogeneous catalysts based on nickel, copper, cobalt, iridium, palladium and platinum catalysts on various support were evaluated by a high-throughput screening approach. The reaction was carried out in liquid phase with a 10% w/w furfural in methanol solution at 50 bar of hydrogen. Among all the samples tested, carbon-supported noble metal catalysts were found to be the most promising in terms of productivity and selectivity. In particular, palladium on charcoal catalysts show high selectivity (up to 77%) to FME. Significant amounts of furfuryl alcohol (FA) and 2-methylfuran (2-MF) are observed as the major by-products.
Within-Host Competition between Two Entomopathogenic Fungi and a Granulovirus in Diatraea saccharalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (2018)

We provide insights into how the interactions of two entomopathogenic fungi and a virus play a role in virulence, disease development, and pathogen reproduction for an economically important insect crop pest, the sugarcane borer <i>Diatraea saccharalis</i> (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae). In our model system, we highlight the antagonistic effects of the co-inoculation of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> and granulovirus (DisaGV) on virulence, compared to their single counterparts. By contrast, combinations of <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> and <i>B. bassiana</i>, or <i>M. anisopliae</i> and DisaGV, have resulted in additive effects against the insect. Intriguingly, most cadavers that were derived from dual or triple infections, produced signs/symptoms of only one species after the death of the infected host. In the combination of fungi and DisaGV, there was a trend where a higher proportion of viral infection bearing conspicuous symptoms occurred, except when the larvae were inoculated with <i>M. anisopliae</i> and DisaGV at the two highest inoculum rates. Co-infections with <i>B. bassiana</i> and <i>M. anisopliae</i> did not affect pathogen reproduction, since the sporulation from co-inoculated larvae did not differ from their single counterparts.
Highly conductive and transparent single-walled carbon nanotube thin films from ethanol by floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition (2017)

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) films have great potential to replace indium tin oxide films for applications in transparent and conductive electronics. Here we report a high yield production of SWCNT transparent conducting films (TCFs) by the floating catalyst chemical vapor deposition method using ethanol as the carbon source. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report regarding SWCNT TCFs using ethanol as the carbon source. The fabricated uniform SWCNT TCFs exhibit a competitive sheet resistance of 95 Ω sq<sup>-1</sup> at 90% transmittance after doping with AuCl<sub>3</sub>. The SWCNT TCFs possess high quality and the mean length of SWCNT bundles is approximately 27.4 μm. Furthermore, the concentration of semiconducting SWCNTs is 75-77%. Additionally, the chirality maps obtained from electron diffraction analysis demonstrate that our SWCNTs are biased towards the armchair type.
Assessment of Constant Envelope OFDM as a Class of Random FM Radar Waveforms (2020)

Random FM radar waveforms designed to possess a desirable spectral shape (on average) have been experimentally demonstrated for an increasing number of applications. However, the benefits of these waveforms can be offset by the computational cost of performing real-time spectral-shaping optimization for each random initial waveform. Here the constant-envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CE-OFDM) framework from communications is examined as a means to generate random FM radar waveforms. This scheme is attractive from a radar perspective because it inherently provides useful spectrum shaping without the need for optimization, thereby realizing an effective form of random FM that can be produced in real-time on systems with modest computational resources, in addition to the obvious communication capability. Radar performance is assessed in simulation and using free-space experimental measurements.
[Forensic psychiatry and psychology in the evaluation for forensic sexology]. (2010)

The authors intended to reflect about the contribution of Forensic Psychiatry and Psychology in the evaluation of sexual offences, according to the Portuguese legislation and medical legal issues.
Prospect Exploration Risking Using Modern Geophysical Technology (2009)

Abstract Amplitude versus offset (AVO) and spectral decomposition (SD) techniques were used for direct hydrocarbon identification (DHI) in the Plio-pleistocene section in Deep Water Trinidad &amp; Tobago to help to quantify better the risk during hydrocarbon prospecting. In order to understand and predict the seismic response for different fluid types and lithologies, AVO and SD modeling based on existing well log information close to the study area were performed. The controlled synthetic models simulated the seismic response for wet sands, commercially saturated gas sands, and partially saturated gas sands, as well as variations due to lithology. After modeling and validation of the technique with real pre-stack and post-stack seismic data on calibration well locations, seismic analysis supported with AVO and SD technologies was performed to evaluate prospects located in Deep Water in Trinidad &amp; Tobago. Very subtle differences in the AVO and SD responses were the only way to discriminate between hydrocarbon and lithology. Very subtle variations during AVO and SD analysis suggest that the lithology factor can produce false DHI in the area. SD also showed the potential of helping separate fully saturated gas sands from partially saturated gas sands. Introduction The use of amplitude versus offset (AVO) and spectral decomposition (SD) techniques for direct hydrocarbon identification (DHI) in the Plio-pleistocene section in Deep Water Trinidad &amp; Tobago can help to quantify better the risk during hydrocarbon prospecting. These seismic technologies require the use of pre-stack and post-stack seismic data that has been processed for preserving relative amplitude and frequency spectrum. In order to understand and predict the seismic response for different fluid types and lithologies, AVO and SD modeling based on existing well log information close to the study area was performed. The controlled synthetic models simulated the seismic response for wet sands, commercially saturated gas sands, and partially saturated gas sands, as well as variations due to lithology. The fluid substitution was performed using Gassman's equation after proper petrophysical analysis and invasion/dispersion corrections were done on the well data. Petrophysics and Fluid Replacement Invasion and dispersion corrections were applied to the well log data previous to fluid replacement. Fluid replacement was performed using Gassman's equation to simulate the fluid and saturation effect on the well log response on the P-Wave Velocity, Density and S-Wave Velocity due to the presence of brine, partially saturated and full gas sand cases. The resultant fluid replacement log responses are shown in figure 1. Figure 2 shows a sketch of the expected response for P-Wave Velocity, Density, S-Wave Velocity, Poisson Ratio and Acoustic Impedance for the same fluid cases.
A 60GHz packaged switched beam 32nm CMOS TRX with broad spatial coverage, 17.1dBm peak EIRP, 6.1dB NF at < 250mW (2016)

A low power, small form-factor, 60-GHz radio with beam switching capability is presented. The 3mm×3mm radio IC in 32nm SOI CMOS includes the TX and RX RF front ends, mixers, basebands, PLL and LO chains. The package comprises 2 TX antennas and 2 RX antennas producing low directivity beams in two orthogonal directions to maximize spatial coverage, with an achieved angular coverage of 254°. In board level measurements of the half duplex packaged radio, 17.1dBm EIRP and 6.1dB noise figure are achieved, with power consumption below 250mW.
Design and Characterization of Endostatin-Loaded Nanoparticles for In Vitro Antiangiogenesis in Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2017)

The aim of this study is to effectively enhance antitumor activities of endostatin by preparing polymeric nanocarriers. NMR and FT-IR spectra confirmed the successful grafting of the CHT-g-PEI and CHT-g-PEI-PEG-NH 2 conjugates. SEM micrographs confirmed the shape of endostatin-loaded nanoparticles to be spherical while both TEM and zeta size results showed nanoparticle’s average size to be 100.6 nm having a positively charged surface with zeta potential of 7.95 mV. The concentrations of CHT and TPP as well as the changing pH conditions account for the increased swelling pattern of endostatin-loaded nanoparticles and influenced endostatin release in vitro. PEI increased the overall amine protonation while PEG aggravated endostatin encapsulation and release. Nanoparticles swell and release endostatin at acidic tumor pH of 6.8 compared to physiological pH of 7.4. The native CHT-g-PEI-PEG-NH 2 conjugate showed high cytocompatibility above 80% cell viability across tested formulations. Endostatin-loaded nanoparticles showed a significant reduction in cell viability across tested formulations, with 5.32% cell death at 125 μ g/mL and 13.36% at 250 μ g/mL following 24 hours’ incubation period. Interestingly, more than a fourfold (61.68%) increment in cytotoxicity was observed at nanoparticle concentration of 1000 μ g/mL . It was concluded that CHT-g-PEI-PEG-NH 2 is an effective cargo for endostatin delivery with antiangiogenic effect in squamous cell carcinoma.
A predictive depression pattern in mild cognitive impairment (2008)

The affective characteristics of depression at referral and the persistence of depression were better predictors of conversion to AD than the simple presence or absence of depression measured at referral time.
A 10Gb/s photonic modulator and WDM MUX/DEMUX integrated with electronics in 0.13/spl mu/m SOI CMOS (2006)

Monolithic integration of both photonic and electronic components operating at 10Gb/s in a 0.13μm SOI CMOS process for PowerPC processors is presented. A modulator uses free carrier plasma dispersion in a reverse-biased PIN optical phase shifter in a Mach-Zender interferometer. An AWG demultiplexer uses a forward-biased PIN phase shifter to compensate the optical path length improving the channel separation
SRAM Local Bit Line Access Failure Analyses (2006)

Due to the increasing process parameter variations and bitline capacitance, design of fast, reliable and robust read/write circuits for nanoscale SRAMs is a challenge. In this paper, we have investigated the effect of threshold voltage variations on the stability of read and write access schemes in SRAM designs. We considered three small signals read out and two write schemes to establish the SRAM local bitline failure trends and behavior under aggressive timing constraints and in the presence of process variations. The critical transistors in both the memory cell and the sense circuits are determined using corner analyses. Detailed simulation analyses are then performed by randomly varying the threshold voltages of these critical transistors, and the failing probabilities and points are then determined. Observations and conclusions on the failure trends of both the read and write operations are presented
Hyperammonemia decreases protein‐kinase‐C‐dependent phosphorylation of microtubule‐associated protein 2 and increases its binding to tubulin (1993)

Hyperammonemia increases the polymerization of brain microtubules, which is controlled by the binding of microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 2; binding of MAP-2 is, in turn, regulated by phosphorylation. We have found that the binding of MAP-2 to tubulin is greatly increased by hyperammonemia, however, the brain content of MAP-2 is not affected. Microtubules isolated from hyperammonemic rats contained approximately twice the MAP-2/mg microtubular protein that of microtubules isolated from control animals. MAP isolated from brain microtubules of hyperammonemic rats stimulated the polymerization of tubulin more than MAP isolated from control animals. This appears to be due to the increased content of MAP-2. In vitro phosphorylation, using brain homogenates, showed that protein-kinase-C-dependent phosphorylation of MAP-2 was markedly decreased in hyperammonemic rats. Hyperammonemia also affected the intracellular distribution of brain protein kinase C; its content in the cytosol increased about 23%, while in membranes it decreased by 46%. The possible role of decreased protein-kinase-C-dependent phosphorylation on the increased binding of MAP-2 to tubulin and in the increased polymerization of microtubules in the brain of hyperammonemic rats is discussed.