gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High spectral resolution of gamma-rays at room temperature by perovskite CsPbBr3 single crystals (2018)

Gamma-ray detection and spectroscopy is the quantitative determination of their energy spectra, and is of critical value and critically important in diverse technological and scientific fields. Here we report an improved melt growth method for cesium lead bromide and a special detector design with asymmetrical metal electrode configuration that leads to a high performance at room temperature. As-grown centimeter-sized crystals possess extremely low impurity levels (below 10 p.p.m. for total 69 elements) and detectors achieve 3.9% energy resolution for 122 keV <sup>57</sup>Co gamma-ray and 3.8% for 662 keV <sup>137</sup>Cs gamma-ray. Cesium lead bromide is unique among all gamma-ray detection materials in that its hole transport properties are responsible for the high performance. The superior mobility-lifetime product for holes (1.34 × 10<sup>-3</sup> cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup>) derives mainly from the record long hole carrier lifetime (over 25 μs). The easily scalable crystal growth and high-energy resolution, highlight cesium lead bromide as an exceptional next generation material for room temperature radiation detection.
Speech/music discrimination for multimedia applications (2002)

Automatic discrimination of speech and music is an important tool in many multimedia applications. Previous work has focused on using long-term features such as differential parameters, variances and time-averages of spectral parameters. These classifiers use features estimated over windows of 0.5-5 seconds, and are relatively complex. We present our results of combining the line spectral frequencies (LSFs) and zero crossing-based features for frame-level narrowband speech/music discrimination. Our classification results for different types of music and speech show the good discriminating power of these features. Our classification algorithms operate using only a frame delay of 20 ms, making them suitable for real-time multimedia applications.
Octahedral Chiral‐at‐Metal Iridium Catalysts: Versatile Chiral Lewis Acids for Asymmetric Conjugate Additions (2015)

Octahedral iridium(III) complexes containing two bidentate cyclometalating 5-tert-butyl-2-phenylbenzoxazole (IrO) or 5-tert-butyl-2-phenylbenzothiazole (IrS) ligands in addition to two labile acetonitrile ligands are demonstrated to constitute a highly versatile class of asymmetric Lewis acid catalysts. These complexes feature the metal center as the exclusive source of chirality and serve as effective asymmetric catalysts (0.5-5.0 mol % catalyst loading) for a variety of reactions with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds, namely Friedel-Crafts alkylations (94-99% ee), Michael additions with CH-acidic compounds (81-97% ee), and a variety of cycloadditions (92-99% ee with high d.r.). Mechanistic investigations and crystal structures of an iridium-coordinated substrates and iridium-coordinated products are consistent with a mechanistic picture in which the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds are activated by two-point binding (bidentate coordination) to the chiral Lewis acid.
LDEF polymeric materials: A summary of Langley characterization (1995)

The NASA Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) enabled the exposure of a wide variety of materials to the low earth orbit (LEO) environment. This paper provides a summary of research conducted at the Langley Research Center into the response of selected LDEF polymers to this environment. Materials examined include graphite fiber reinforced epoxy, polysulfone, and additional polyimide matrix composites, films of FEP Teflon, Kapton, several experimental high performance polyimides, and films of more traditional polymers such as poly(vinyl toluene) and polystyrene. Exposure duration was either 10 months or 5.8 years. Flight and control specimens were characterized by a number of analytical techniques including ultraviolet-visible and infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, scanning electron and scanning tunneling microscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and, in some instances, selected solution property measurements. Characterized effects were found to be primarily surface phenomena. These effects included atomic oxygen-induced erosion of unprotected surfaces and ultraviolet-induced discoloration and changes in selected molecular level parameters. No gross changes in molecular structure or glass transition temperature were noted. The intent of this characterization is to increase our fundamental knowledge of space environmental effects as an aid in developing new and improved polymers for space application. A secondary objective is to develop benchmarks to enhance our methodology for the ground-based simulation of environmental effects so that polymer performance in space can be more reliably predicted.
Noise-enhanced human sensorimotor function (2003)

We review our work on using input noise (mechanical and electrical, respectively) to enhance somatosensation in humans and improve the performance of the human balance control system. We also discuss bioengineering applications and future directions for stochastic resonance (SR) based techniques and devices. Age- and disease-related sensory loss may be reversible by exploiting SR-type effects.
pH-Sensitive Polymeric Micelle-Based pH Probe for Detecting and Imaging Acidic Biological Environments (2012)

To overcome the limitations of monomeric pH probes for acidic tumor environments, this study designed a mixed micelle pH probe composed of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-b-poly(L-histidine) (PHis) and PEG-b-poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), which is well-known as an effective antitumor drug carrier. Unlike monomeric histidine and PHis derivatives, the mixed micelles can be structurally destabilized by changes in pH, leading to a better pH sensing system in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. The acidic pH-induced transformation of the mixed micelles allowed pH detection and pH mapping of 0.2-0.3 pH unit differences by pH-induced "on/off"-like sensing of NMR and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The micellar pH probes sensed pH differences in nonbiological phosphate buffer and biological buffers such as cell culture medium and rat whole blood. In addition, the pH-sensing ability of the mixed micelles was not compromised by loaded doxorubicin. In conclusion, PHis-based micelles could have potential as a tool to simultaneously treat and map the pH of solid tumors in vivo.
Mode control in photonic crystal surface emitting lasers (PCSELs) through in-plane feedback (Conference Presentation) (2017)

All-semiconductor photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) operating in CW mode at room temperature and coherently coupled arrays of these lasers are reviewed. These PCSELs are grown via MOVPE on GaAs substrates and include QW active elements and GaAs/InGaP photonic crystal (PC) layer situated above this active zone. Atoms of triangular shapes have been shown to increase optical power from the PCSEL but are also shown to result in a competition between lasing modes. Simulation shows that the energy splitting of lasing modes is smaller for triangular atoms, than for circles making high power single-mode devices difficult to achieve. In this work we experimentally investigate the effect of lateral optical feedback introduced by a facet cleave along one or two perpendicular PCSEL edges. This cleavage plane is misaligned to the PC resulting in a periodic variation of facet phase along the side of the device. Results confirm that a single cleave selects the lowest threshold 2D lasing mode, resulting in a ~20% reduction in threshold current and favours single-mode emission. The addition of a second cleave at right-angles to the first has no significant effect upon threshold current. The virgin device is shown to have a symmetric far-field (1 degree) whilst a single cleave produces a 1 degree divergence perpendicular to cleave and 5 degree parallel to cleave. The second orthogonal cleave results in the far field becoming symmetric again but with a divergence angle of 1 degree indicating that single-mode lasing is supported over a wider area.
Spectroscopic properties of the gamma irradiated ErF3-DOPED BaF2 crystals (2020)

The spectroscopic properties of the gamma irradiated BaF2:Er3+ crystals were studied. BaF2:0.2 mol% ErF3 crystal was grown using the vertical Bridgman method. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters, Ωt (t = 2,4,6) for f-f transitions of Er3+ ions were determined from optical absorption spectra recorded before and after gamma irradiation at various doses. The influence of gamma irradiation dose on the Judd-Ofelt parameters and on the radiative transition probability, on the branching ration and on the radiative lifetime was also investigated. The predicted radiative lifetimes were compared with those measured and with those reported by other authors. Apart from the green and red emissions, arising under excitation at 378 nm, a new UV emission band around 321 nm was observed under excitation at 290 nm. This emission was not reported before. Using the Füchtbauer-Ladenburg method, the emission cross section and optical gain parameter of the red and green emission band were calculated.
High throughput synthesis and screening of new protein resistant surfaces for membrane filtration (2009)

Abstract A novel high throughput method for synthesis and screening of customized protein‐resistant surfaces was developed. This method is an inexpensive, fast, reproducible and scalable approach to synthesize and screen protein‐resistance surfaces appropriate for a specific feed. The method is illustrated here by combining a high throughput platform (HTP) approach together with our patented photo‐induced graft polymerization (PGP) method developed for facile modification of commercial poly(aryl sulfone) membranes. This new HTP‐PGP method was validated by comparison with our previous published results obtained using a bench‐scale filtration assay of six well‐studied monomers. Optimally‐performing surfaces for resisting a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), were identified from a library of 66 monomers. Surfaces were prepared via graft polymerization onto poly(ether sulfone) (PES) membranes and were evaluated using a protein adsorption assay followed by pressure‐driven filtration. Bench‐scale verification was conducted for selected monomers using HTP‐PGP method; a good correlation with HTP‐PGP results was found. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2010
Impact of Norwood versus hybrid palliation on cardiac size and function in hypoplastic left heart syndrome (2016)

Patients after Norwood and hybrid procedures had equivalent indices of RV size, and systolic and diastolic function throughout all stages of palliation. Small differences in individual RV and TV indices are likely to be explained by differences in physiology or surgical timing rather than by intrinsic differences in myocardial and valve function.
ChemInform Abstract: Tricyclic Epines. Novel (E)‐ and (Z)‐11H‐Dibenz(b,e)azepines as Potential Central Nervous System Agents. Variation of the Basic Side Chain. (1987)

Abstract The morphanthridinediones (I), prepared by reacting the corresponding anthraquinones with sodium azide in sulfuric acid, are converted to the substituted dibenzazepinylidene acetonitriles (VI).
KLF6-SV1 overexpression accelerates human and mouse prostate cancer progression and metastasis (2008)

Metastatic prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the leading causes of death from cancer in men. The molecular mechanisms underlying the transition from localized tumor to hormone-refractory metastatic PCa remain largely unknown, and their identification is key for predicting prognosis and targeted therapy. Here we demonstrated that increased expression of a splice variant of the Kruppel-like factor 6 (KLF6) tumor suppressor gene, known as KLF6-SV1, in tumors from men after prostatectomy predicted markedly poorer survival and disease recurrence profiles. Analysis of tumor samples revealed that KLF6-SV1 levels were specifically upregulated in hormone-refractory metastatic PCa. In 2 complementary mouse models of metastatic PCa, KLF6-SV1-overexpressing PCa cells were shown by in vivo and ex vivo bioluminescent imaging to metastasize more rapidly and to disseminate to lymph nodes, bone, and brain more often. Interestingly, while KLF6-SV1 overexpression increased metastasis, it did not affect localized tumor growth. KLF6-SV1 inhibition using RNAi induced spontaneous apoptosis in cultured PCa cell lines and suppressed tumor growth in mice. Together, these findings demonstrate that KLF6-SV1 expression levels in PCa tumors at the time of diagnosis can predict the metastatic behavior of the tumor; thus, KLF-SV1 may represent a novel therapeutic target.
A novel fuel cell design for operando energy-dispersive x-ray absorption measurements (2021)

A polymer electrolyte fuel cell has been designed to allow<i>operando</i>x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements of catalysts. The cell has been developed to operate under standard fuel cell conditions, with elevated temperatures and humidification of the gas-phase reactants, both of which greatly impact the catalyst utilisation. X-ray windows in the endplates of the cell facilitate collection of XAS spectra during fuel cell operation while maintaining good compression in the area of measurement. Results of polarisation curves and cyclic voltammograms showed that the<i>operando</i>cell performs well as a fuel cell, while also providing XAS data of suitable quality for robust XANES analysis. The cell has produced comparable XAS results when performing a cyclic voltammogram to an established<i>in situ</i>cell when measuring the Pt LIII edge. Similar trends of Pt oxidation, and reduction of the formed Pt oxide, have been presented with a time resolution of 5 s for each spectrum, paving the way for time-resolved spectral measurements of fuel cell catalysts in a fully-operating fuel cell.
Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry of Substituted Silane High Polymers (1988)

Abstract : Laser ablation of a variety of polysilanes at 308 nm using fluences of 150-250 mJ/sq.cm. per pulse, well above the photoablation threshold, is a photothermal process and yields products identical to those obtained in vacuum pyrolysis with a CO2 laser. Unsaturated hydrocarbon products characteristic of the side chains have been identified unequivocally. Silicon-containing products have not been identified individually and it is proposed that they are a mixture of cyclic carbonsilanes, mostly containing no more than two or three silicon atoms linked to each other. A reaction mechanism for the ablation process is proposed and involves no previously unknown reaction steps. The results demonstrate that laser-desorption mass spectrometry will be a good analytical tool for the characterization of this class of polymers. Due to the high volatility of the hydrocarbons, the presence of even quite long side chains on the polymer backbone need not be a source of concern in the applications of the photoablation process. Polysilane laser desorption, Mass spectrometry, Fragments, Desorption mechanism, Silanes. (MJM).
Variant and Invariant Spatiotemporal Structures in Kinematic Coordination to Regulate Speed During Walking and Running (2019)

Humans walk, run, and change their speed in accordance with circumstances. These gaits are rhythmic motions generated by multi-articulated movements, which have specific spatiotemporal patterns. The kinematic characteristics depend on the gait and speed. In this study, we focused on the kinematic coordination of locomotor behavior to clarify the underlying mechanism for the effect of speed on the spatiotemporal kinematic patterns for each gait. In particular, we used seven elevation angles for the whole-body motion and separated the measured data into different phases depending on the foot-contact condition, that is, single-stance phase, double-stance phase, and flight phase, which have different physical constraints during locomotion. We extracted the spatiotemporal kinematic coordination patterns with singular value decomposition and investigated the effect of speed on the coordination patterns. Our results showed that most of the whole-body motion could be explained by only two sets of temporal and spatial coordination patterns in each phase. Furthermore, the temporal coordination patterns were invariant for different speeds, while the spatial coordination patterns varied. These findings will improve our understanding of human adaptation mechanisms to tune locomotor behavior for changing speed.
Fibroblast growth factor 7 releasing particles enhance islet engraftment and improve metabolic control following islet transplantation in mice with diabetes (2021)

Transplantation of islets in type 1 diabetes (T1D) is limited by poor islet engraftment into the liver, with two to three donor pancreases required per recipient. We aimed to condition the liver to enhance islet engraftment to improve long-term graft function. Diabetic mice received a non-curative islet transplant (n = 400 islets) via the hepatic portal vein (HPV) with fibroblast growth factor 7-loaded galactosylated poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolic acid) (FGF7-GAL-PLGA) particles; 26-µm diameter particles specifically targeted the liver, promoting hepatocyte proliferation in short-term experiments: in mice receiving 0.1-mg FGF7-GAL-PLGA particles (60-ng FGF7) vs vehicle, cell proliferation was induced specifically in the liver with greater efficacy and specificity than subcutaneous FGF7 (1.25 mg/kg ×2 doses; ~75-µg FGF7). Numbers of engrafted islets and vascularization were greater in liver sections of mice receiving islets and FGF7-GAL-PLGA particles vs mice receiving islets alone, 72 h posttransplant. More mice (six of eight) that received islets and FGF7-GAL-PLGA particles normalized blood glucose concentrations by 30-days posttransplant, versus zero of eight mice receiving islets alone with no evidence of increased proliferation of cells within the liver at this stage and normal liver function tests. This work shows that liver-targeted FGF7-GAL-PLGA particles achieve selective FGF7 delivery to the liver-promoting islet engraftment to help normalize blood glucose levels with a good safety profile.
Shared memory switching + virtual output queuing: A robust and scalable switch (2002)

A novel combination of shared memory switching and virtual output queuing yields an architecture that addresses the exponential growth of the Internet. Superior scalability is achieved using distributed schedulers compared to crossbar-based fabrics requiring a central scheduler. Performance is excellent and robust. We describe the system view, an actual implementation, performance simulations for several traffic classes, and QoS results using bandwidth management.
Multi-feature analysis for automated breast lesion classification from ultrasonic data (2003)

We have developed quantitative descriptors of lesions for reliable, operator-independent breast cancer identification using ultrasound. These include acoustic features as well as morphometric features related to lesion shape. Acoustic features include "echogenicity," "heterogeneity," and "shadowing," computed from radio-frequency (RF) spectral-parameter images of the lesion and surrounding tissue. Morphometric features were computed by geometric and fractal analysis of manually-traced lesion boundaries. Initial results show that no single parameter can precisely identify cancerous breast lesions and that the use of multiple features can substantially improve discrimination. Our analysis produced an ROC-curve area of 0.9164 /spl plusmn/ 0.0346.
A New Family of Homoleptic Ir(III) Complexes: Tris‐Pyridyl Azolate Derivatives with Dual Phosphorescence (2006)

Blue-emitting complexes: Iridium complexes (see figure) exhibit dual phosphorescence. The blue phosphorescence at room temperature, attributed to TILCT→TLLCT conversion, occurs via a high energy barrier (∼6.9 kcal mol−1) resulting from large-amplitude motions, such as partial twisting of the chelate groups which flip the orbital configuration and consequently results in dual phosphorescence. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2267/2006/z600461_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Empirical Analysis and Privacy Implications in OAuth-based Single Sign-On Systems (2021)

Single sign-on authentication systems such as OAuth 2.0 are widely used in web services. They allow users to use accounts registered with major identity providers such as Google and Facebook to login to a wide variety of independent services (relying parties). These services can both identify users and access a subset of the user's data stored with the provider. We empirically investigate the end-user privacy implications of OAuth implementations by relying parties around the world. We collect data on the use of OAuth-based logins in the Alexa Top 500 sites per country for five countries. We categorize user data made available by four identity providers (Google, Facebook, Apple, and LinkedIn) and evaluate popular services accessing user data from the SSO platforms of these providers. Many services allow users to choose from multiple login options (with different identity providers). Our results reveal that services request different categories and amounts of personal data from different providers, often with at least one choice undeniably more privacy-intrusive. We find that privacy-friendly login choices tend to be listed last, suggesting a dark pattern favoring options that release more user data. These privacy choices (and their privacy implications) are highly invisible to users. Based on our analysis, we consider challenges (e.g., opposing goals of stakeholders) in addressing these concerns and discuss ideas for further exploration.
The Use of Two-Dimensional Echocardiograms in the Detection of Myocardial Infarction in Canines (1985)

The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of two-dimensional echocardiograms of complete heart cycles in closed-chest dogs to discriminate between normal and infarcted myocardium.
Monolayer Crystal Structure of the Organic Semiconductor 7-Decyl-2-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene (2018)

The monolayer crystal phase structure of the organic semiconductor 7-decyl-2-phenyl[1]benzothieno[3,2-b][1]benzothiophene was theoretically investigated. On the basis of a transition model from the bilayer crystal structure obtained by X-ray diffraction to possible monolayer crystal structures, two model structures for the monolayer crystal, i.e., antiparallel and core–chain nanosegregated structures, were proposed. The carrier mobilities of these two monolayer crystal models were compared through theoretical calculations to obtain insight into the probable monolayer crystal structure model. The results show that the antiparallel monolayer crystal structure model is more probable than the nanosegregated model.
Asymmetric Sparse Kernel Approximations for Large-Scale Visual Search (2014)

We introduce an asymmetric sparse approximate embedding optimized for fast kernel comparison operations arising in large-scale visual search. In contrast to other methods that perform an explicit approximate embedding using kernel PCA followed by a distance compression technique in R <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</sup> , which loses information at both steps, our method utilizes the implicit kernel representation directly. In addition, we empirically demonstrate that our method needs no explicit training step and can operate with a dictionary of random exemplars from the dataset. We evaluate our method on three benchmark image retrieval datasets: SIFT1M, ImageNet, and 80M-TinyImages.