gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Manufacturing Process on Micro-Deformation Behavior of Sintered-Silver Die-Attach Material (2016)

Effects of pressurization and thermal-processing conditions on the deformation properties of sintered-silver sheets, excluding the contribution of the voids, (hereinafter, referred to as “micro-deformation properties”) were evaluated. Three types of thin-plate specimen sintered under the different conditions were prepared and these micro-deformation properties were compared. The first type was pressurized at 10 MPa for 10 min in the atmosphere at 573 K, the second type was annealed at 573 K for six hours before pressure processing and pressurized at 10 MPa for 10 min in the atmosphere at 573 K, and the third type was not pressurized and sintering in the atmosphere at 573 K for 10 min. The micro-deformation properties of these specimens were estimated by tensile testing and finite-element analysis (FEA) using a model that reproduces the microporous-structure. The microporous-structure models were made from serial cross-sectional images obtained by focused-ion-beam scanning electron microscope. These estimation results indicate that the micro-deformation properties of sintered-silver sheets do not depend on pressure, but on thermal-process conditions. The estimated micro-deformation properties were compared with those determined by nanoindentation tests and the validity of the estimated micro-deformation properties was confirmed. A deformation property of non-pressurized specimens was predicted by using the estimated micro-deformation properties and the microporous structures obtained from the pressurized specimens. The predicted deformation properties corresponded to experimental one. It is therefore concluded that if the deformation properties and microporous-structure of a sintered-silver specimen under a certain condition are determined, it is possible to predict the porosity dependency of deformation properties by FEA.
When Off Target Effects Are On Target: The Role Of Spironolactone In Patients With COVID-19 (2021)

Aims: Spironolactone is a steroidal mineralocoricosteroid receptor antagonist (MRA) used for treatment of resistant hypertension, heart failure and edema. It exerts class specific adverse effects that are shared by other MRAs. Additionally, it exerts unique “off target” steroidal effects that include gynecomastia, impotence and loss of libido in males and menstrual irregularity in females. Together, these have led to a poor tolerability and limited use despite positive results in many randomized, controlled clinical trials. We review the off-target effects of spironolactone that may summate with its MRA action to provide an advantageous profile for prevention or treatment of patients with COVID-19. Methods: Literature review using PubMed Central. Results: The blockade by spironolactone of the androgen receptor should diminish the expression of transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) that has an androgen promoter while its MRA action should enhance the expression of protease nexin1 (PN1) that inhibits furin and plasmin. TMPRSS2, furin and plasmin cooperated to process the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein to increase its high affinity binding to the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and thereby promote viral cell entry. Its actions as an MRA may reduce inflammation and preserve pulmonary, cardiac and vascular functions. Its anti-plasmin action may combat hemostatic dysfunction. Conclusion: The hypothesis that the off-target effects of spironolactone summate with its MRA actions to provide special benefits for COVID-19 is worthy of direct investigation and clinical trial.
Characteristics of Prescription Drug Use Among Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis in the US Medicare Population (2022)

Most Medicare beneficiaries with MS using DMTs face considerable out-of-pocket costs. Beneficiaries also used a significant number of medications potentially used for MS-related symptoms, although total and out-of-pocket costs were modest.
Towards Programmable Materials - Tunable Material Properties Through Feedback Control of Conducting Polymers (2008)

Abstract : This work is focused on developing an integrated device, called a programmable material, which mirrors the capabilities of natural co-fabricated controlled actuation systems such as muscle. While such a device may have the external appearance of a homogeneous material, it can possess unique properties not existing in any manufactured material. When actuation, sensing, and control capabilities are integrated within a closed-loop system, the mechanical properties of the system such as stiffness, viscosity, and inertia will arise from the dynamics of the feedback loop rather than from any inherent mechanical properties of the materials from which the device was fabricated. Moreover, these properties may be 'tuned' by altering the feedback parameters embedded in the material system. With this approach properties such as negative stiffness may be generated which do not exist in bulk materials.
Stateless SRv6 Point-to-Multipoint Path (2021)

This document describes a solution for a SRv6 Point-to-Multipoint
(P2MP) Path/Tree to deliver the traffic from the ingress of the path
to the multiple egresses/leaves of the path in a SR domain. There is
no state stored in the core of the network for a SR P2MP path like a
SR Point-to-Point (P2P) path in this solution.
Release of protein A from the cell wall of Staphylococcus aureus (2014)

Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is anchored to the cell wall envelope of Staphylococcus aureus by sortase A, which links the threonyl (T) of its C-terminal LPXTG motif to peptidoglycan cross-bridges (i.e., Gly5). SpA binds the Fcγ domains of IgG and protects staphylococci from opsonophagocytic clearance. Moreover, SpA cross-links B-cell receptors to modify host adaptive immune responses. The mechanisms whereby SpA is released from the bacterial surface to access the host's immune system are not known. Here we demonstrate that SpA is released with murein tetrapeptide-tetraglycyl [L-Ala-D-iGln-(SpA-Gly5)L-Lys-D-Ala-Gly4] linked to its C-terminal threonyl. LytN, a cross-wall murein hydrolase, contributes to the release of SpA by removing amino sugars [i.e., N-acetylmuramic acid-N-acetylglucosamine (MurNAc-GlcNAc)] from attached peptidoglycan, whereas LytM, a pentaglycyl-endopeptidase, triggers polypeptide release from the bacterial envelope. A model is proposed whereby murein hydrolases cleave the anchor structure of released SpA to modify host immune responses.
Surface plasmon interference excited by tightly focused laser beams (2007)

We show that interfering surface plasmon polaritons can be excited with a focused laser beam at normal incidence to a plane metal film. No protrusions or holes are needed in this excitation scheme. Depending on the axial position of the focus, the intensity distribution on the metal surface is either dominated by interferences between counterpropagating plasmons or by a two-lobe pattern characteristic of localized surface plasmon excitation. Our experiments can be accurately explained by use of the angular spectrum representation and provide a simple means for locally exciting standing surface plasmon polaritons.
Control mechanisms for the global structure of scalar dispersion in chaotic flows (2014)

Scalar dispersion has complex interactions between advection and diffusion that depend on the values of the scalar diffusivity and of the (possibly large) set of parameters controlling the flow. Using a spectral method which is three to four orders of magnitude faster than traditional methods, we calculate the fine-scale structure of the global solution space of the advection-diffusion equation for a physically realizable chaotic flow. The solution space is rich: spatial pattern locking, an order-disorder transition, and optima in dispersion rates that move discontinuously with Peclét number and boundary condition type are some of the discoveries. We uncover the mechanisms which control pattern locking and govern the global structure of dispersion across the parameter space and Peclét number spectrum.
Biochemical and functional evidence that an MT3 supertypic determinant defined by a monoclonal antibody is carried on the DR molecule on HLA-DR7 cell lines. (1984)

A cytotoxic monoclonal antibody, PL3, was produced by immunizing mice with a cell line homozygous for the HLA class II antigenic specificity DR7. The serologic specificity of PL3 was completely concordant with the MT3 supertypic specificity, which is tightly associated with HLA-DR4, -DR7, and -DRw9. This was confirmed by the finding that F(ab')2 fragments of PL3 blocked the cytotoxicity of anti-MT3 alloantisera. Although PL3 bound to each of the MT3-positive cell lines, it showed significantly weaker binding to HLA-DR4 and -DRw9 cells relative to -DR7 cells, both in titration and in quantitative absorption assays. This differential pattern of binding was not found for the polyclonal MT3 alloantisera, suggesting that the PL3 determinant may be one of several closely related determinants that comprise the MT3 allospecificity. To identify which of the subpopulations of class II molecules carry the PL3 determinant, several approaches have been used. F(ab')2 fragments of PL3 which block the anti-MT3 alloantisera were also tested with anti-MB2 and anti-DR7 sera. Binding of the PL3 F(ab')2 fragments to DR7 homozygous target cells had no effect on the anti-MB2 sera, but significantly enhanced the cytotoxic reactivity of some anti-DR7 sera. This finding suggested that the PL3 determinant is distinct from the DR7 determinant, but is carried on the same molecule. PL3 was also used in blocking studies with allocytotoxic T cell clones which only recognize DR7-positive cell lines. Binding of PL3 to the DR7-positive target cells was found to completely inhibit these T cell clones. Complete blocking was also found with a monoclonal antibody, PL8, which recognizes a monomorphic determinant found on the DR subpopulation of class II molecules. This finding suggested that the PL3 determinant is carried on the same molecule that carries these T cell-defined DR7 allodeterminants. In biochemical studies with DR7-positive cell lines, PL3 and PL8 were found to immunoprecipitate the same subpopulation of class II molecules recognized by other DR-specific antibodies, SG157 and TAL-1B5. Two-dimensional gel analysis demonstrated that the pattern of alpha- and beta-chains immunoprecipitated by PL3, PL8, and TAL-1B5 were identical. In sequential immunoprecipitation studies, both PL3 and TAL-1B5 were capable of removing the same DR subpopulation of molecules recognized by PL3, PL8, TAL-1B5, or SG157 while leaving the additional class II molecules (DS) recognized by SG171 on DR7 cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Improving Warfighter Information Intake Under Stress: Augmented Cognition Phases 2, 3 and 4 (2008)

Abstract : This report is a comprehensive summary of a multi-year effort by the Honeywell team on the Improving Warfighter Information Intake Under Stress/AugCog program jointly sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) and the U.S. Army. The team, which spanned industry, government, and academia, studied the measurable cognitive states of the dismounted Soldier. The first seven months of Honeywell's involvement consisted of studies that developed neurophysiological and physiological measures of cognitive states, particularly attention. The next two years of the program focused on the challenges of assessing the cognitive state of a mobile participant and the development of mitigation strategies to improve the overall throughput of the joint human-machine system. The final year?s effort proved the feasibility of the AugCog technology for the dismounted Soldier by testing the system in a military Mobile Operations in Urban Terrain (MOUT) environment with a platoon of Soldiers. The Honeywell team believes it was the first ever to demonstrate robust real-time cognitive state classification in the harsh operational MOUT environment. The classification accuracies obtained in the final study match those of the more pristine laboratory environment despite the motion, noise, and physical challenges posed by collecting physiological data in the field during real operations.
Please don't stop the music: A meta-analysis of the cognitive and academic benefits of instrumental musical training in childhood and adolescence (2022)

An extensive literature has investigated the impact of musical training on cognitive skills and academic achievement in children and adolescents. However, most of the studies have relied on cross-sectional designs, which makes it impossible to elucidate whether the observed differences are a consequence of the engagement in musical activities. Previous meta-analyses with longitudinal studies have also found inconsistent results, possibly due to their reliance on vague definitions of musical training. In addition, more evidence has appeared in recent years. The current meta-analysis investigates the impact of early programs that involve learning to play musical instruments on cognitive skills and academic achievement, as previous meta-analyses have not focused on this form of musical training. Following a systematic search, 34 independent samples of children and adolescents were included, with a total of 176 effect sizes and 5998 participants. All the studies had pre-post designs and, at least, one control group. Overall, we found a small but significant benefit (g‾Δ = 0.26) with short-term programs, regardless of whether they were randomized or not. In addition, a small advantage at baseline was observed in studies with self-selection (g‾pre = 0.28), indicating that participants who had the opportunity to select the activity consistently showed a slightly superior performance prior to the beginning of the intervention. Our findings support a nature and nurture approach to the relationship between instrumental training and cognitive skills. Nevertheless, evidence from well-conducted studies is still scarce and more studies are necessary to reach firmer conclusions.
Downregulation of mu-opioid receptor mRNA in the mediobasal hypothalamus of the female guinea pig following morphine treatment. (1996)

Ribonuclease protection assays were performed on the basal hypothalamus (BH), the preoptic area (POA) and the thalamus (THAL) from female guinea pigs that were ovariectomized and implanted with morphine (n = 8) or placebo (n = 8) pellets for 1 week. An antisense [32P]rUTP labeled riboprobe, representing a 280 bp fragment of the guinea pig mu-opioid receptor gene (spanning putative TM II through eight residues of TM IV), protected a single RNA band of 280 bp. In contrast to the rat, the guinea pig THAL expressed less mu-opioid receptor mRNA than both POA and BH. Morphine treatment caused a significant decrease (15.6 +/- 5.8%) in mu-opioid receptor mRNA expression in the BH, while POA and THAL were not different from placebo controls. Therefore, in conjunction with our previous findings of a downregulation of mu-opioid receptors, mu-opioid receptor mRNA is downregulated in the mediobasal hypothalamus of female guinea pigs following chronic morphine treatment.
Detecting aortic valve bicuspidy in patients with severe aortic valve stenosis: high diagnostic accuracy of colour Doppler transoesophageal echocardiography (2012)

Aortic valve bicuspidy may be accurately diagnosed by colour Doppler valve analysis during TEE in patients with severe AS. Larger prospective studies are required to confirm our results.
Thermal Stability and Electron Irradiation Damage of Ordered Structure in the Thermal Oxide Layer on Si (2010)

We investigated the thermal stability and the electron irradiation damage of the ordered structure in the thermal oxide layer on Si substrates. The diffraction peak from the ordered shifted to the lower angle side, and the intensity decreased after thermal annealing above , indicating the decrease in density and the disordering of the structure. The least-squares fitting analysis assuming the quasi-amorphous structure showed that the ordered was relatively stable at the interface and the root-mean-square displacement of the atoms at the interface was 0.22 nm. The ordered structure was also degraded by electron irradiation at a dose of less than .
Posouzení vybraných ukazatelů podniku pomocí analýzy časových řad (2013)

Bakalářské práce obsahuje analýzu obchodní společnosti KÁMEN-DEKOR, s.r.o. s užitím časových řad, regresní analýzy a ekonomických ukazatelů. Práce je rozdělena na teoretickou a praktickou část, ve které budeme analyzovat vybraná data. Závěrečnou část práce tvoří návrhy na zlepšení ekonomické situace v podniku.
Low-Loss, O- and C-Band, 4-core MCF Fanouts for Datacom SDM Applications (2023)

We demonstrate a broadband, low-loss pair of fanouts fusion spliced to a 200-meter-long, 4-core, datacom MCF covering both the O- and C-bands with loss smaller than 0.6 and 0.4 dB, respectively. Near field mode profiling allows for fine adjustment of the mode field.
Spectrophotometric Determination of Thiocyanate in Human Saliva (1999)

The equilibrium constant between iron(III) ion and thiocyanate ion to form a thiocyanatoiron(III) ion can be conveniently measured with visible spectrophotometry because the FeSCN+2 solutions are deep blood-red. Hence this reaction is often used when teaching chemical equilibrium to students of general chemistry. The same reaction can be exploited in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of SCN- ions in solution. The experiment can be easily made more attractive to students when the thiocyanate ion concentration measured is from human saliva. Here is described how qualitative and quantitative analysis of human saliva thiocyanate ion can be performed as a part of the laboratory exercise for the determination of chemical equilibrium between Fe+3 and SCN- ions. For qualitative analysis a few drops of saliva (each student is using his or her own saliva) is treated with a drop of acidic Fe(NO3)3 solution. The deep blood-red color of FeSCN+2 complex is clearly demonstrated. Then each student measures his or her saliva thiocyanate ion concentration with visible spectrophotometry.
Supplementary Video 2 from p38γ Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Metastasis through Regulation of RhoC GTPase, Cytoskeletal Architecture, and a Novel Leading Edge Behavior (2023)

&lt;p&gt;AVI file - 2.8MB&lt;/p&gt;
Thymus Dependence of the Spontaneous Induction of the in Vitro Anamnestic Antibody Responses to Human Serum Albumin and Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (1974)

Abstract Recently we reported that IgG antibody synthesis was spontaneously induced—no extrinsic antigen required—simply by transferring lymphoid cells from a human serum albumin (HSA)3 immunized rabbit into cell culture (1). Initiation of this spontaneous in vitro response was attributed to cell-associated persisting antigen, whose immunogenicity was subject to an antibody feedback mechanism (1). It was proposed that this in vitro phenomenon represented the essential features of the mechanism whereby antibody synthesis is maintained and regulated in vivo for months or years after antigen injection (1). Subsequently, additional evidence was presented that: a) persisting antigen was responsible for induction of the spontaneous antibody response, and b) this persisting antigen was bound to the surface of an accessory cell such as a sessile macrophage or dendritic type cell (2). The purpose of the present study was to determine whether thymus-derived (T) lymphocytes were required for the induction of the spontaneous antibody synthesis. The determination of the role of T lymphocytes was made with the aid of an IgG fraction of a goat anti-rabbit thymocyte serum (ATG). Several studies have provided a great deal of diverse evidence for the specificity of this serum for rabbit T lymphocytes (3=-5) and for its lack of cytotoxicity for rabbit lymph node lymphocytes both in the presence and absence of complement (4). The current experiments utilized the described spontaneous response to HSA as well as this type of response to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) because it had been shown that induction of the in vitro anamnestic IgG antibody responses to HSA (Stavitsky, A. B. and Tew, J. G., unpublished observations) and KLH (4) by added antigen required T lymphocytes.
Novel Hiv Neutralizing Antibodies Selected from Phage Display Libraries (2004)

Neutralizing antibodies play a major role in host defense against viral infections. Passive administration of antibodies specific for HIV-1 can protect monkeys from infections mediated by the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) in a concentration dependent manner (Shibata et al., 1999; Baba et al., 2000; Ruprecht et al., 2001; Xu et al., 2002; Veazey et al., 2003; Burton, 2002; Ferrantelli and Ruprecht, 2002; Mascola et al., 1999; Mascola et al., 2000; Mascola, 2002; Parren et al., 2001). In some of these experiments human monoclonal antibodies (hmAbs) were used that exhibit potent and broad HTV neutralizing activity in vitro (Burton, 1997; Burton, 2002; Ferrantelli and Ruprecht, 2002). Recent clinical trials found that two of these broadly HIV neutralizing hmAbs (nhmAbs), 2F5 and 2G12, could produce a modest decrease in viral load without side effects in humans (Armbruster et al., 2002; Stiegler et al., 2002). However, the potency of 2F5 and 2G12 used in combination in this clinical trial was not sufficient to reduce the HIV-1 plasma RNA levels to the low levels observed after treatment with HAART (Stiegler et al., 2002). Increases in the potency of the currently available broadly HTV nhmAbs and the development of new neutralizing hmAbs might be helpful here although problems associated with neutralization escape are likely to be severe in any attempts to use antibodies therapeutically. Importantly, finding immunogens that are able to elicit broadly HIV nhmAbs could be facilitated by the exploration of the interaction of these antibodies with the Env-an approach known as “retrovaccinology” (Burton, 2002). However, only a few broadly cross-reactive HTV nhmAbs have been identified to date and efforts to use mimetics of their epitopes or portions of the epitopes as immunogens are ongoing but of limited success so far (Zwick et al., 2001a). The identification of new broadly cross-reactive HIV nhmAbs and their conserved epitopes is therefore of obvious importance for the development of effective HIV vaccines.
A Study of HCCI Combustion Using In-Cylinder Flame Visualization and Ultraviolet Absorption Spectroscopy (Understanding the Rapid HCCI Combustion by Observing the In-Cylinder Flame Behavior) (2013)

This study investigated the characteristics of the HCCI combustion process in detail by means of in-cylinder visualization of the entire bore area and ultraviolet absorption spectroscopic measurement in the combustion chamber. Special attention was focused on the influence of the equivalence ratio and ignition timing on the degree of local dispersion of autoignition and resultant rapid combustion. The results made clear the relationship between the production/consumption of formaldehyde (HCHO) in the autoignition process and flame development behavior in the combustion chamber. Additionally, it was found that changes in the equivalence ratio and/or ignition timing significantly influenced the degree of local dispersion of the autoignited flame in the combustion chamber. As a result, some cases showed rapid combustion accompanied by in-cylinder pressure oscillations.