gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the Immune Response to Moloney Murine Sarcoma/Leukemia Virus-Induced Tumors by Means of a DNA Vaccination Approach (1999)

ABSTRACT The intramuscular inoculation of Moloney murine sarcoma/leukemia (M-MSV/M-MuLV) retroviral complex gives rise to sarcomas that undergo spontaneous regression due to the induction of a strong immune reaction mediated primarily by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We used a DNA-based vaccination approach to dissect the CTL response against the Gag and Env proteins of M-MSV/M-MuLV in C57BL/6 (B6) mice and to evaluate whether plasmid DNA-immunized mice would be protected against a subsequent challenge with syngeneic tumor cells expressing the viral antigens. Intramuscular DNA vaccination induced CTL against both Gag and Env proteins. A detailed analysis of epitopes recognized by CTL generated in mice inoculated with the whole virus and with the Gag-expressing plasmid confirmed the presence of an immunodominant peptide in the leader sequence of Gag protein (Gag 85–93 , CCLCLTVFL) that is identical to that described in B6 mice immunized with Friend MuLV-induced leukemia cells. Moreover, CTL generated by immunization with the Env-encoding plasmid recognized a subdominant Env peptide (Env 189–196 , SSWDFITV), originally described in the B6.CH-2 bm13 mutant strain. B6 mice immunized with the Gag-expressing plasmid were fully protected against a lethal tumor challenge with M-MuLV-transformed MBL-2 leukemia cells, while vaccination with the Env-expressing plasmid resulted in rejection of the tumor in 44% of the mice and in increased survival of an additional 17% of the animals. Taken together, these results indicate the existence of a hierarchy in the capacity of different structural viral proteins to induce a protective immune response against retrovirus-induced tumors.
High-index-contrast microphotonics, from concept to implementation (2006)

We review major developments that have led to a high performance, polarization independent, microphotonic circuit. The design and fabrication of complex high-order microring-resonators, along with techniques to freely manipulate polarization states on-chip are presented.
Mode Dependent Loss Reduced Few-mode Multi-core Fiber Design for Repeated Dense SDM Transmission (2018)

We discuss SDM fiber design suitable for realizing high spatial density long distance transmission, and show the optimum few-mode MCF structure for reducing the splicing induced modal loss difference while maintaining the high spatial density.
Detector with internal gain for short-wave infrared ranging applications (2017)

Highly sensitive photon detectors are regarded as the key enabling elements in many applications. Due to the low photon energy at the short-wave infrared (SWIR), photon detection and imaging at this band are very challenging. As such, many efforts in photon detector research are directed toward improving the performance of the photon detectors operating in this wavelength range. To solve these problems, we have developed an electron-injection (EI) technique. The significance of this detection mechanism is that it can provide both high efficiency and high sensitivity at room temperature, a condition that is very difficult to achieve in conventional SWIR detectors. An EI detector offers an overall system-level sensitivity enhancement due to a feedback stabilized internal avalanche-free gain. Devices exhibit an excess noise of unity, operate in linear mode, require bias voltage of a few volts, and have a cutoff wavelength of 1700 nm. We review the material system, operating principle, and development of EI detectors. The shortcomings of the first-generation devices were addressed in the second-generation detectors. Measurement on second-generation devices showed a high-speed response of ∼6 ns rise time, low jitter of less than 20 ps, high amplification of more than 2000 (at optical power levels larger than a few nW), unity excess noise factor, and low leakage current (amplified dark current ∼10 nA at a bias voltage of −3 V and at room temperature. These characteristics make EI detectors a good candidate for high-resolution flash light detection and ranging (LiDAR) applications with millimeter scale depth resolution at longer ranges compared with conventional p-i-n diodes. Based on our experimentally measured device characteristics, we compare the performance of the EI detector with commercially available linear mode InGaAs avalanche photodiode (APD) as well as a p-i-n diode using a theoretical model. Flash LiDAR images obtained by our model show that the EI detector array achieves better resolution with higher signal-to-noise compared with both the InGaAs APD and the p-i-n array (of 100×100 elements). We have designed a laboratory setup with a receiver optics aperture diameter of 3 mm that allows an EI detector (with 30-μm absorber diameter) to be used for long-range LiDAR imaging with subcentimeter resolution.
Can I recognize my body's weight? The influence of shape and texture on the perception of self (2014)

The goal of this research was to investigate women´s sensitivity to changes in their perceived weight by altering the body mass index (BMI) of the participants personalized avatars displayed on a large-screen immersive display. We created the personalized avatars with a full-body 3D scanner that records both the participants body geometry and texture. We altered the weight of the personalized avatars to produce changes in BMI while keeping height, arm length and inseam fixed and exploited the correlation between body geometry and anthropometric measurements encapsulated in a statistical body shape model created from thousands of body scans. In a 2x2 psychophysical experiment, we investigated the relative importance of visual cues, namely shape (own shape vs. an average female body shape with equivalent height and BMI to the participant) and texture (own photo-realistic texture or checkerboard pattern texture) on the ability to accurately perceive own current body weight (by asking them �Is the avatar the same weight as you?). Our results indicate that shape (where height and BMI are fixed) had little effect on the perception of body weight. Interestingly, the participants perceived their body weight veridically when they saw their own photo-realistic texture and significantly underestimated their body weight when the avatar had a checkerboard patterned texture. The range that the participants accepted as their own current weight was approximately a 0.83 to ���6.05 BMI percentage change tolerance range around their perceived weight. Both the shape and the texture had an effect on the reported similarity of the body parts and the whole avatar to the participants body. This work has implications for new measures for patients with body image disorders, as well as researchers interested in creating personalized avatars for games, training applications or virtual reality.
High-performance MOCVD-grown AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors with carbon-doped base (1991)

Excellent microwave performance is demonstrated by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) grown AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) with carbon-doped base. These devices achieve a current-gain cutoff frequency of 76 GHz and a maximum frequency of oscillation of 102 GHz. Varying the device structures allows the current gain to reach over 300 in structures with a base doping of 2*10/sup 19 /cm/sup -3/. A static divide-by-four divider implemented with C-doped base HBTs has been operated up to a frequency of 20.4 GHz. These results indicate the suitability of carbon doping for high-performance HBTs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
A sparse representation of physical activity video in the study of obesity (2008)

Wearable visual devices have many emerging applications in human health monitoring, such as the study of food intake and physical activities. However, these devices produce large amounts of data which must be processed efficiently and effectively. In this paper, we present a video- based health monitoring system for physical activity studies. We utilize an efficient signal extraction method to process and reduce the effects of noises on field-acquired image data. We further develop a maximum likelihood estimator to estimate the walking speed and classify activity patterns (walking or running) in real-time under both indoor and outdoor environments. We demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method using three different test video sequences.
Increased IL-12 inhibits B cells' differentiation to germinal center cells and promotes differentiation to short-lived plasmablasts (2008)

B cells activated by antigen in T cell-dependent immune responses can become short-lived plasma cells, which remain in the spleen, or germinal center-derived memory or plasma cells, which show evidence of affinity maturation and, in the case of plasma cells, migrate to the bone marrow. We show that this cell fate decision can be governed by the cytokine environment engendered by activated dendritic cells (DCs). DCs from mice lacking the Fc receptor gamma chain exhibited an activated phenotype in vitro. They secreted more of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-12, which led to the preferential generation of short-lived splenic plasma cells, with ensuing low affinity antibodies and a diminished recall response. Understanding the factors that regulate antigen-activated B cell differentiation and memory cell formation has implications for both antibody-mediated autoimmune disease and protective antibody responses.
Extracellular NAD+ enhances PARP-dependent DNA repair capacity independently of CD73 activity (2020)

Changes in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD<sup>+</sup>) levels that compromise mitochondrial function trigger release of DNA damaging reactive oxygen species. NAD<sup>+</sup> levels also affect DNA repair capacity as NAD<sup>+</sup> is a substrate for PARP-enzymes (mono/poly-ADP-ribosylation) and sirtuins (deacetylation). The ecto-5'-nucleotidase CD73, an ectoenzyme highly expressed in cancer, is suggested to regulate intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> levels by processing NAD<sup>+</sup> and its bio-precursor, nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), from tumor microenvironments, thereby enhancing tumor DNA repair capacity and chemotherapy resistance. We therefore investigated whether expression of CD73 impacts intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> content and NAD<sup>+</sup>-dependent DNA repair capacity. Reduced intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> levels suppressed recruitment of the DNA repair protein XRCC1 to sites of genomic DNA damage and impacted the amount of accumulated DNA damage. Further, decreased NAD<sup>+</sup> reduced the capacity to repair DNA damage induced by DNA alkylating agents. Overall, reversal of these outcomes through NAD<sup>+</sup> or NMN supplementation was independent of CD73. In opposition to its proposed role in extracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> bioprocessing, we found that recombinant human CD73 only poorly processes NMN but not NAD<sup>+</sup>. A positive correlation between CD73 expression and intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> content could not be made as CD73 knockout human cells were efficient in generating intracellular NAD<sup>+</sup> when supplemented with NAD<sup>+</sup> or NMN.
Absence of REM and altered NREM sleep in patients with spinocerebellar degeneration and slow saccades (1980)

The pontine tegmentum contains the neurons responsible for generation of saccadic eye movements and certain phases of sleep. We studied two genetically unrelated patients with spinocerebellar degeneration and slow saccadic eye movements. Multiple all-night sleep studies in both patients disclosed absence of REM and stage 4 sleep with an extremely short stage 3 and long stage 2. Both patients had a sleep stage (X) not previously reported. These are the first awake and ambulatory humans in whom consistent absence of REM sleep has been demonstrated. Both behaved appropriately during wakefulness and showed no overt psychological abnormalities.
The effect of packet loss on redundancy elimination in cellular wireless networks (2010)

Network-level redundancy elimination (RE) algorithms reduce traffic volume on bandwidth-constrained network paths by avoiding the transmission of repeated byte sequences. Previous work shows that RE can suppress the transmission of 20-50% bytes when deployed at ISP access links or between routers. In this paper, we focus on the challenges of deploying RE in cellular networks. The potential benefifit is substantial, since cellular networks have a growing subscriber base and network links, including wired backhaul, are often oversubscribed. Using three large traces captured at two North American and one European wireless network providers, we show that RE can reduce the bandwidth consumption of the majority of mobile users by at least 10%.
Production and Secretion of the Polysaccharide Biodispersan of Acinetobacter calcoaceticus A2 in Protein Secretion Mutants (1994)

Biodispersan is an extracellular anionic polysaccharide produced by Acinetobacter calcoaceticus A2 that changes the surface properties of limestone and acts both as a dispersant and as a grinding aid (E. Rosenberg, C. Rubinovitz, A. Gottlieb, S. Rosenhak, and E. Z. Ron, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:317-322, 1988; E. Rosenberg, C. Rubinovitz, R. Legmann, and E. Z. Ron, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 54:323-326, 1988; E. Rosenberg, Z. Schwartz, A. Tenenbaum, C. Rubinovitz, R. Legmann, and E. Z. Ron, J. Dispersion Sci. Technol. 10:241-250, 1989). Extracellular fluid also contains a high concentration of secreted proteins that create problems in the purification and application of biodispersan. In order to obtain preparations of biodispersan that contained smaller amounts of protein, we selected mutants of strain A2 that were defective in protein secretion. These mutants produced equal, or even higher, levels of total biodispersan compared with those of the parental strain. Moreover, although there was a significant drop in the concentration of extracellular proteins in the medium, the secretion of biodispersan was unaffected. These results suggest that secretion mutants are potentially useful for the production of extracellular polysaccharides.
Halogen bonding modulates hydrogel formation from Fmoc amino acids (2017)

The single crystal X-ray structures of a series of p-halogenated Fmoc phenylalanines highlight the role of halogen bonding in their supramolecular organization in the solid state. The amino acids showing the occurrence of halogen bonding resulted in gels with the strongest mechanical properties. All gelation parameters could be ranked according to halogen atom polarizability, i.e., halogen bond strength.
Professionel udvikling for naturfagslærere - tematiseret med data fra KiU og QUEST (2017)

De professionelle udviklingsprojekter KiU og QUEST analyseres i et tværgående perspektiv for karakteristiske oplevede udbytter, udfordringer og muligheder for professionel læring. Analyse og diskussion forankres bl.a. i et sæt teoretisk baserede tematiseringer ift. generelt design af udviklingsaktiviteter. Analysen viser at erfaringsudveksling med kolleger fremhæves på tværs af modeller. KiUlærere fremhæver desuden øget selvtillid i samspil med elever og kolleger, foranlediget af den formelle uddannelse i undervisningsfaget. Fagdidaktisk indhold kan give ejerskab og danne afsæt for læring og ny fagforståelse og professionel identitet (phronesis), men pædagogisk teori og forskning kan også være svært at knytte meningsfuldt til egen professionelle praksis.
Phorbol Esters Induce Differentiation of Human CD34+ Hemopoietic Progenitors to Dendritic Cells: Evidence for Protein Kinase C-Mediated Signaling (1998)

The intracellular signals that mediate the differentiation of pluripotent hemopoietic progenitors to dendritic cells (DC) are largely undefined. We have found that the phorbol ester PMA by itself induced 47% +/- 8.7% of input human CD34+ hemopoietic progenitors to differentiate into cells with morphology and surface Ag phenotype characteristic of DC by day 7 of culture. Functionally, PMA-generated DC processed and presented whole soluble Ag and also induced resting T cell proliferation and Ag-specific CTL effector function. Unlike cytokine-driven DC differentiation, PMA suppressed proliferation and induced cell death (in part via apoptosis) in cells that did not differentiate to DC. The effects of PMA were blocked by inhibitors of protein kinase C activation, suggesting a central role for this signaling molecule. PMA-mediated signaling also induced expression of the RelB transcription factor, an NF-kappaB family member implicated in DC differentiation. These findings suggest that phorbol esters activate protein kinase C, which then initiates the terminal component of an intracellular signaling pathway(s) involved in the DC differentiation of CD34+ hemopoietic progenitors.
Vascular endothelial growth factor in squamous cell head and neck carcinoma: expression and prognostic significance. (1997)

The growth of solid tumors is dependent on angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a secreted endothelial cell-specific growth factor, which is induced by tissue hypoxia and is angiogenic in vivo. We investigated VEGF expression in squamous cell head and neck carcinomas by immunohistochemical techniques. All of the 156 patients studied had been treated with radical surgery and postoperative radiotherapy and were followed up until death or for at least 5 years. Of the tumors examined, 31% showed cytoplasmic staining for VEGF in carcinoma cells. Some of the tumor-infiltrating inflammatory cells, including plasma cells and tissue macrophages, showed high levels of VEGF expression in all of the carcinomas studied. Staining for VEGF was also found in acinic epithelial cells of histologically normal salivary glands and in normal stratified squamous epithelium adjacent to tumor. No association was observed between the VEGF expression of carcinoma cells and histologic grade, TNM stage, tumor microvessel count, or overall survival. These results demonstrate that in squamous cell head and neck cancer, in addition to being expressed by cancer cells VEGF is frequently expressed by tumor infiltrating inflammatory cells and by cells of histologically normal adjacent tissues; this suggests a possible role in tumor angiogenesis. Our results also suggest that angiogenic factors other than VEGF might provide the positive regulatory signals needed for tumor angiogenesis. In squamous cell head and neck cancer, carcinoma cell VEGF expression is not a prognostic marker.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of a Pyridoxamine Coenzyme‐Amino Acid Chimera: Assembly of a Polypeptide Incorporating the Pyridoxamine Moiety. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Retinitis Pigmentosa, Coats Disease and Uveitis (1999)

These results indicate that autoimmunity towards retinal antigens may play some role in specific types of retinitis pigmentosa. Whether these autoimmune reactions are a primary pathological mechanism or are secondary to the extensive destruction of the photoreceptor layer resulting from the retinitis pigmentosa remains debatable.
Different methanotrophic potentials in stratified polar fjord waters (Storfjorden, Spitsbergen) identified by using a combination of methane oxidation techniques (2013)

Abstract. The bacterially mediated aerobic methane oxidation (MOx) is a key mechanism in controlling methane (CH4) emissions from the world's oceans to the atmosphere. In this study, we investigated MOx in the Arctic fjord Storfjorden (Spitsbergen) by applying a combination of radio-tracer based incubation assays (3H-CH4 and 14H-CH4), stable C-CH4 isotope measurements, and molecular tools (16S rRNA DGGE-fingerprinting, pmoA- and mxaF gene analyses). Strofjorden is stratified in the summertime with melt water (MW) in the upper 60 m of the water column, Arctic water (ArW) between 60–100 m and brine-enriched shelf water (BSW) down to 140 m. CH4 concentrations were supersaturated with respect to the atmospheric equilibrium (∼3 nM) throughout the water column, increasing from ∼20 nM at the surface to a maximum of 72 nM at 60 m and decreasing below. MOx rate measurements at near in situ CH4 concentrations (here measured with 3H-CH4 raising the ambient CH4 pool by &lt;2 nM) showed a similar trend: low rates at the sea surface increasing to a maximum of ∼2.3 nM d−1 at 60 m followed by a decrease in the deeper ArW/BSW. In contrast, rate measurements with 14H-CH4 at elevated CH4 concentrations (incubations were spiked with ∼450 nM of 14H-CH4, providing an estimate of the CH4 oxidation potential) showed comparably low turnover rates (&lt;1 nMd−1) at 60 m, but peaked in ArW/BSW at ∼100 m water depth, concomitant with increasing 14C-values in the residual CH4 pool. Our results indicate that the MOx community in the surface MW is adapted to relatively low CH4 concentrations. In contrast, the activity of the deep water MOx community is relatively low at the ambient, summertime CH4 concentrations but has the potential to increase rapidly in response to CH4 availability. A similar distinction between surface and deep water MOx is also suggested by our molecular analyses. Although, we found pmoA and maxF gene sequences throughout the water column attesting the ubiquitous presence of MOx communities in Storfjorden, deep water amplicons of pmoA and maxF were unusually long. Also a DGGE band related to the known Type I MOx Mehtylosphera was observed in deep BWS, but absent in surface MW. Apparently, different MOx communities have developed in the stratified water masses in Storfjorden, which is possibly related to the spatiotemporal variability in CH4 supply to the distinct water masses.
The research school of Marie Curie in the Paris faculty, 1907–14 (1995)

As the most famous woman scientist of the twentieth century, there has been no shortage of books and articles on the life and career of Marie Curie (1867-1934). Her role as director of a laboratory-based research school in the new scientific field of radioactivity, a field which embraced both chemistry and physics, however, has never been examined. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the question of research schools, and Morrell, Ravetz, Geison, and Klosterman, amongst others, have written on this subject. Using, in part, the methodology of Morrell, this paper investigates the role of Marie Curie as a school director in the Paris Faculty in the years 1907-14, examining the work and characteristics of her school and assessing her effectiveness as a director.
Discovering tumor-reactive T-cell receptors through single-cell sequencing of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (2021)

Abstract We evaluated the utility of single-cell sequencing of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) for tumor-reactive T-cell receptor (TCR) discovery. Using the MC38 cell line as our tumor model in mice, we show that expression of exogenous TCRs via mRNA electroporation in human T cells provides an easy and quick path to validating tumor-specific candidate TCRs. We detail the identification and validation of four novel MC38-reactive mouse TCRs with varying levels of reactivity to the target cells. Validating our process, one of the MC38 TCRs is specific against a previously reported neoantigen (ASMTNMELM in the Adpgk gene). Consideration of these methodologies may aid in the development of rapid TCR-based therapies for the treatment of cancer and human disease. Abstract Figure