gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discriminative feature extraction application to filter bank design (2002)

This paper investigates the design of a filter bank model by the discriminative feature extraction method (DFE). A filter bank-based feature extractor is optimized with the classifier's parameters for the minimization of the errors occurring at the back-end classification process. The framework of minimum classification error/generalized probabilistic descent method (MCE/GPD) is used as the basis for optimization. The method is first tested in a vowel recognition task. Analysis of the process shows how DFE extracts those parts of the spectrum that are relevant to discrimination. Then the method is applied to a multi-speaker word recognition system intended to act as telephone directory assistance operator.
The Trade-off between Processing Gains of an Impulse Radio UWB System in the Presence of Timing Jitter (2007)

In time hopping impulse radio, $N_f$ pulses of duration $T_c$ are transmitted for each information symbol. This gives rise to two types of processing gain: (i) pulse combining gain, which is a factor $N_f$, and (ii) pulse spreading gain, which is $N_c=T_f/T_c$, where $T_f$ is the mean interval between two subsequent pulses. This paper investigates the trade-off between these two types of processing gain in the presence of timing jitter. First, an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is considered and approximate closed form expressions for bit error probability are derived for impulse radio systems with and without pulse-based polarity randomization. Both symbol-synchronous and chip-synchronous scenarios are considered. The effects of multiple-access interference and timing jitter on the selection of optimal system parameters are explained through theoretical analysis. Finally, a multipath scenario is considered and the trade-off between processing gains of a synchronous impulse radio system with pulse-based polarity randomization is analyzed. The effects of the timing jitter, multiple-access interference and inter-frame interference are investigated. Simulation studies support the theoretical results.
Large size under-gate CNT cathode for HD-TV applications (2004)

In this paper, some experiments have been done in order to see how the driving voltage depends on the dimensional factors in the under gate cathode structure. The thick film insulating layer between the gate and the cathode is omitted in the figure. The CNT layer is dot patterned on the edge of the cathode electrode.
On the Separability of Parallel MISO Broadcast Channels Under Partial\n CSIT: A Degrees of Freedom Region Perspective (2019)

We study the $K$-user, $M$-subchannel parallel multiple-input-single-output\n(MISO) broadcast channel (BC) under arbitrary levels of partial channel state\ninformation at the transmitter (CSIT). We show that the parallel subchannels\nconstituting this setting are separable from a degrees-of-freedom (DoF) region\nperspective if and only if the partial CSIT pattern is totally ordered. This\ntotal order condition corresponds to users abiding by the same order, with\nrespect to their CSIT quality levels, in each of the parallel subchannels. For\ninstance, let $\\alpha_{k}^{[l]}$ and $\\alpha_{j}^{[l]}$ be the CSIT quality\nparameters for users $k$ and $j$ over subchannel $l$. Under total order, having\n$\\alpha_{k}^{[l]} \\geq \\alpha_{j}^{[l]}$ implies that $\\alpha_{k}^{[m]} \\geq\n\\alpha_{j}^{[m]}$ holds for every subchannel $m$. In this case, the entire DoF\nregion is achievable using simple separate coding, where a\nsingle-subchannel-type transmission scheme is employed in each subchannel. To\nshow this separability result, we first derive an outer bound for the DoF\nregion by extending the aligned image sets approach of Davoodi and Jafar to the\nconsidered setting. We then show that this outer bound coincides with the inner\nbound achieved through separate coding, given by the Minkowski sum of $M$\nsingle-subchannel DoF regions, under the total order condition, hence settling\nthe if part of the main theorem. To prove the only if part of the theorem, we\nidentify a set of DoF tuples achievable through joint coding across\nsubchannels, yet not achievable through separate coding whenever the total\norder condition is violated. Moreover, we also highlight the implications of\nour main result on the design of CSIT feedback schemes for multi-carrier\nmulti-antenna wireless networks.\n
microRNA-dependent modulation of histone acetylation in Waldenström macroglobulinemia (2010)

Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) cells present with increased expression of microRNA-206 (miRNA-206) and reduced expression of miRNA-9*. Predicted miRNA-206- and -9*-targeted genes include histone deacetylases (HDACs) and histone acetyl transferases (HATs), indicating that these miRNAs may play a role in regulating histone acetylation. We were able to demonstrate that primary WM cells are characterized by unbalanced expression of HDACs and HATs, responsible for decreased acetylated histone-H3 and -H4, and increased HDAC activity. We next examined whether miRNA-206 and -9* modulate the aberrant expression of HDAC and HATs in WM cells leading to increased transcriptional activity. We found that restoring miRNA-9* levels induced toxicity in WM cells, supported by down-modulation of HDAC4 and HDAC5 and up-regulation of acetyl-histone-H3 and -H4. These, together with inhibited HDAC activity, led to induction of apoptosis and autophagy in WM cells. To further confirm that miRNA-9*-dependent modulation of histone acetylation is responsible for induction of WM cytotoxicity, a novel class of HDAC inhibitor (LBH589) was used; we confirmed that inhibition of HDAC activity leads to toxicity in this disease. These findings confirm that histone-modifying genes and HDAC activity are deregulated in WM cells, partially driven by the aberrant expression of miRNA-206 and -9* in the tumor clone.
Beating the Diffraction Limit with Positive Refraction: The Resonant Metalens Approach (2017)

This chapter introduces the resonant metalens, a superlens that uses the positively refracting band of locally resonant metamaterials to achieve super-resolution imaging from the far field. It proposes initial experimental demonstrations of the concept in the field of microwaves and audible acoustics. The chapter presents the numerical demonstration of the potentialities of the approach in the visible range of the electromagnetic spectrum using a resonant metalens made out of plasmonic nanoresonators. It gives how these numerical results could be obtained on a real optical table with spatial light modulators by drastically simplifying the requirements of the imaging and focusing procedure. The chapter discusses two key principles of the resonant metalens, namely that it permits: to code the spatial information of a source or object placed in its near field in the complex spectrum of the field propagating in the lens; and to convert this near-field information into propagating waves that can be collected efficiently in the far field.
Intervention in Intrastate Conflict: Implications for the Army in the Post-Cold War Era Supplemental Materials (1995)

The Arroyo Center conducted a study aimed at helping the Army identify the issues and some of the answers associated with the currents and changes in intrastate conflict in the wake of the Cold War. This report is the supplemental volume to the main report of the study, MR-554/1-A. The bulk of it is devoted to describing six speculative "case studies," drawn from a global survey of actual and potential flashpoints, that describe possible U.S. interventions in intrastate conflict that would involved the Army. The case studies are: 1. implementing peace accords ending the civil war in Sri Lanka; 2. controlling piracy amidst civil strife in Indonesia; 3. humanitarian relief in a civil war-ravaged Algeria; 4. enforcing a cease-fire in a multifaction civil war in South Africa; 5. upholding Macedonia sovereignty in conditions of strife in Kosovo; and 6. humanitarian assistance amidst post-coup social unrest in Venezuela.
Efficient spectral domain analysis of multilayered shielded microstrip using two super convergent series (2011)

An efficient approach to speed up the spectral domain analysis for the general case of shielded microstrip has been presented. It uses asymptotic expansion for the Bessel's function and the Green's function which are involved in the computation of the elements of the Galerkin matrix. The coefficients in the asymptotic expansion of the Green's functions are obtained by a combination of analytical and numerical approaches. Efficient computation of the infinite summation obtained after leading term extraction is done using two different super convergent sine cosine series. Very accurate results for the propagation constants in the general case of a multilayered shielded microstrip line can be obtained using a few basis functions.
Sulfinyl-controlled formation of diastereoisomerically pure tricarbonyl(oxadiene)iron(0) complexes and a diastereoisomerically pure tetracarbonyl(alkene)iron(0) complex (1992)

The sulfonyl and sulfinyl substituted oxadienes [RS(O)nCHCHC(Me)O; R = But, Ph; n= 2,1] form stable tricarbonyliron(0) complexes. The sulfinyl complexes formed are diastereoisomerically pure and the relative stereochemistry of the tricarbonyliron(0) unit and the sulfinyl substituent in the products has been determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of [Fe0{ButS(O)CHCHC(Me)O}(CO)3]15a. Phenylsulfonylethene and phenylsulfinylethene form stable tetracarbonyliron(0) complexes. The complex formed from phenylsulfinylethene is diastereoisomerically pure and the relative stereochemistry of the tetracarbonyliron(0) unit and the sulfinyl substituent has been determined by an X-ray crystal structure analysis of [Fe0{PhS(O)CHCH2}(CO)4]18. This reveals evidence for a through-space interaction between the oxygen atom of the sulfinyl substituent and the carbon atom of one of the metal carbonyl ligands. The X-ray crystal structure analysis of [Fe2(µ-CHCH2)(µ-SPh)(CO)6]17, a by-product in the formation of complex 18, is also reported.
Regional groundwater flow and karst evolution–theoretical approach and example from Switzerland (2021)

Abstract In regional scale aquifers in the Rhine Valley and Tabular Jura east of Basel (Switzerland), the groundwater circulation was investigated using regional-scale geological and hydraulic 3D models. The main aquifers in the area comprise the Quaternary aquifer of unconsolidated gravel deposits along the River Rhine and its tributaries, as well as the regional scale karst aquifer within the Upper Muschelkalk. Land subsidence, a process likely associated with salt solution mining, indicates further subordinate groundwater bearing segments and complex groundwater interactions along fault zones. In the aquifer systems we investigated, regional-scale groundwater circulation was simulated and visualized in relation to the geological settings. Lithostratigraphic units and fault structures were parameterized and analyzed, including the sensitivity of hydraulic properties and boundaries. Scenario calculations were used to investigate the sensitivity that the aquifer systems had to hydraulic parameter changes during Quaternary aggradation and degradation in the main valley. Those calculations were also done for base-level changes in the Rivers Rhine and Birs. For this purpose, this study considered probable historic base-levels before river regulation occurred, and before river dams and power plants were constructed. We also focused on scenarios considering increased groundwater recharge rates, e.g. due to exceptional long-lasting precipitation, or heavy rainfall events in the catchment area. Our results indicate that increased groundwater recharge rates in the catchment areas during such events (or periods) are associated with orders of magnitude increases of regional inflow into the Upper Muschelkalk karst aquifer. Furthermore, the groundwater fluctuations and groundwater saturated regions within the karst aquifer shift to places where high densities of sinkholes are documented. When the surface water base-levels adapt to probable historic levels, it leads to increased hydraulic gradients (i.e. local lowering of the groundwater level by up to 7 m). Those increased gradients are associated with increased groundwater flow within some aquifer regions that are particularly prone to karst development.
Benign Paragangliomas: Clinical Presentation and Treatment Outcomes in 236 Patients (2001)

Paragangliomas are rare tumors that arise from extraadrenal chromaffin cells. We examined the clinical characteristics, location, treatment, and outcome of 236 patients (141 females, 60%) with 297 benign paragangliomas evaluated at the Mayo Clinic during 1978-1998. The mean age (+/-SD) at diagnosis was 47 +/- 16 yr. Of the 297 paragangliomas, 205 were in the head and neck region, and 92 were below the neck. Paragangliomas were discovered and diagnosed incidentally on imaging studies in 9% of patients. Biochemical screening was performed in 128 patients; 40 patients (17% of the total and 31% of those screened) had hyperfunctional tumors. Of the 40 patients with tumoral catecholamine excess, 38 had documented hypertension. In patients identified with catecholamine-secreting paragangliomas, the sensitivities achieved by measurements in the 24-h urine collection were 74% for total metanephrines, 84% for norepinephrine, 18% for dopamine, and 14% for epinephrine. Multiple imaging modalities were used for tumor localization. The false negative rates were 0% for magnetic resonance imaging, 5.8% for computed tomography, 3.4% for angiography, 10.7% for ultrasonography, and 39% for radioactive iodine-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy. Of 192 patients (81.4%) with follow-up data (mean, 43.9 months; range, 0.5-240), operative cure was achieved in 133 (69%). Of the 59 patients without cure, 23 had persistent disease, 5 had recurrent disease, 16 had multiple persistent synchronous tumors, and 15 subsequently developed metachronous tumors. In conclusion, most paragangliomas are nonhypersecretory and located in the head and neck region. Magnetic resonance imaging was associated with the lowest false negative rate, and metaiodobenzylguanidine was the least sensitive imaging study. A significant proportion of patients (31%) has persistent or recurrent disease, and long-term follow-up is important.
From 2D to 3D: Strain- and elongation-free topological transformations of optoelectronic circuits (2019)

Optoelectronic circuits in 3D shapes with large deformations can offer additional functionalities inaccessible to conventional planar electronics based on 2D geometries constrained by conventional photolithographic patterning processes. A light-sensing focal plane array (FPA) used in imagers is one example of a system that can benefit from fabrication on curved surfaces. By mimicking the hemispherical shape of the retina in the human eye, a hemispherical FPA provides a low-aberration image with a wide field of view. Due to the inherently high value of such applications, intensive efforts have been devoted to solving the problem of transforming a circuit fabricated on a flat wafer surface to an arbitrary shape without loss of performance or distorting the linear layouts that are the natural product of this fabrication paradigm. Here we report a general approach for fabricating electronic circuits and optoelectronic devices on nondevelopable surfaces by introducing shear slip of thin-film circuit components relative to the distorting substrate. In particular, we demonstrate retina-like imagers that allow for a topological transformation from a plane to a hemisphere without changing the relative positions of the pixels from that initially laid out on a planar surface. As a result, the resolution of the imager, particularly in the foveal region, is not compromised by stretching or creasing that inevitably results in transforming a 2D plane into a 3D geometry. The demonstration provides a general strategy for realizing high-density integrated circuits on randomly shaped, nondevelopable surfaces.
Phosphorylation of MEK1 by cdk5/p35 Down-regulates the Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Pathway (2002)

Cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 (cdk5), a member of the cdk family, is active mainly in postmitotic cells and plays important roles in neuronal development and migration, neurite outgrowth, and synaptic transmission. In this study we investigated the relationship between cdk5 activity and regulation of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. We report that cdk5 phosphorylates the MAP kinase kinase-1 (MEK1) in vivo as well as the Ras-activated MEK1 in vitro. The phosphorylation of MEK1 by cdk5 resulted in inhibition of MEK1 catalytic activity and the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2. In p35 (cdk5 activator) -/- mice, which lack appreciable cdk5 activity, we observed an increase in the phosphorylation of NF-M subunit of neurofilament proteins that correlated with an up-regulation of MEK1 and ERK1/2 activity. The activity of a constitutively active MEK1 with threonine 286 mutated to alanine (within a TPXK cdk5 phosphorylation motif in the proline-rich domain) was not affected by cdk5 phosphorylation, suggesting that Thr286 might be the cdk5/p35 phosphorylation-dependent regulatory site. These findings support the hypothesis that cdk5 and the MAP kinase pathway cross-talk in the regulation of neuronal functions. Moreover, these data and the recent studies of Harada et al. (Harada, T., Morooka, T., Ogawa, S., and Nishida, E. (2001) Nat. Cell Biol. 3, 453-459) have prompted us to propose a model for feedback down-regulation of the MAP kinase signal cascade by cdk5 inactivation of MEK1.
Optimizing Chemical Sensor Array Sizes (1999)

Optimal selection of array sensors for a chemical sensing application is a nontrivial task. It is commonly believed that "more is better" when choosing the number of sensors required to achieve good chemical selectivity. However, cost and system complexity issues point towards the choice of small arrays. A quantitative array optimization is carried out to explore the selectivity of arrays of partially-selective chemical sensors as a function of array size. It is shown that modest numbers (dozens) of target analytes are completely distinguished with a range of arrays sizes. However, the array selectivity and the robustness against sensor sensitivity variability are significantly degraded if the array size is increased above a certain number of sensors, so that relatively small arrays provide the best performance. The results also suggest that data analyses for very large arrays of partially-selective sensors will be optimized by separately anal yzing small sensor subsets.
Caching in wireless multihop device-to-device networks (2015)

We consider a wireless device-to-device (D2D) network in which the nodes are uniformly distributed at random over the network area and can cache information from a library of possible messages (files). Each node requests a file in the library independently at random, according to a given popularity distribution, and downloads from other nodes having the requested file in their local cache via multihop transmission. Under the classical “protocol model” of wireless ad hoc networks, we characterize the optimal throughput scaling law by presenting a feasible scheme formed by a decentralized caching policy for the parameter regimes of interest and a local multihop transmission protocol. The scaling law optimality of the proposed strategy is shown by deriving a new throughput upper bound. Surprisingly, we show that decentralized uniform random caching yields optimal scaling in most of the system interesting regimes. We also observe that caching improves the throughput scaling law of classical ad hoc networks, and that multihop improves the previously derived scaling law of caching wireless networks under one-hop transmission.
20 mV input, 4.2 V output SIDO boost converter with low-power controller and adaptive switch size selector for thermoelectric energy harvesting (2016)

A low-input-voltage, highly efficient single-inductor-dual-output (SIDO) boost converter fabricated in 0.18 μm CMOS process is presented for thermoelectric energy harvesting. Two key technologies are implemented to accept input voltage down to 20 mV and to achieve 69 % conversion efficiency at 100 mV, which is the highest conversion efficiency reported to date for such a device. The first key is a low-voltage controller based on SIDO architecture with Priority Decision. An input-voltage-referred, novel adaptive switch size selection scheme is also demonstrated as the second key technology. The converter is designed to harvest human body heat using TEG with 20-120 mV open voltage range and to charge a 4.2 V Li-ion battery.
Automatic Data Expansion for Customer-care Spoken Language Understanding (2018)

Spoken language understanding (SLU) systems are widely used in handling of customer-care calls.A traditional SLU system consists of an acoustic model (AM) and a language model (LM) that areused to decode the utterance and a natural language understanding (NLU) model that predicts theintent. While AM can be shared across different domains, LM and NLU models need to be trainedspecifically for every new task. However, preparing enough data to train these models is prohibitivelyexpensive. In this paper, we introduce an efficient method to expand the limited in-domain data. Theprocess starts with training a preliminary NLU model based on logistic regression on the in-domaindata. Since the features are based onn= 1,2-grams, we can detect the most informative n-gramsfor each intent class. Using these n-grams, we find the samples in the out-of-domain corpus that1) contain the desired n-gram and/or 2) have similar intent label. The ones which meet the firstconstraint are used to train a new LM model and the ones that meet both constraints are used to train anew NLU model. Our results on two divergent experimental setups show that the proposed approachreduces by 30% the absolute classification error rate (CER) comparing to the preliminary modelsand it significantly outperforms the traditional data expansion algorithms such as the ones based onsemi-supervised learning, TF-IDF and embedding vectors.
Application of Resequencing Microarrays in Microbial Detection and Characterization (2012)

Microarrays are powerful, highly parallel assays that are transforming microbiological diagnostics and research. The adaptation of microarray-based resequencing technology for microbial detection and characterization resulted in the development of a number assays that have unique advantages over other existing technologies. This technological platform seems to be especially useful for sensitive and high-resolution multiplexed diagnostics for clinical syndromes with similar symptoms, screening environmental samples for biothreat agents, as well as genotyping and whole-genome analysis of single pathogens.