gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optimal radiotherapy dose schedules under parametric uncertainty (2015)

We consider the effects of parameter uncertainty on the optimal radiation schedule in the context of the linear-quadratic model. Our interest arises from the observation that if inter-patient variability in normal and tumor tissue radiosensitivity or sparing factor of the organs-at-risk (OAR) are not accounted for during radiation scheduling, the performance of the therapy may be strongly degraded or the OAR may receive a substantially larger dose than the allowable threshold. This paper proposes a stochastic radiation scheduling concept to incorporate inter-patient variability into the scheduling optimization problem. Our method is based on a probabilistic approach, where the model parameters are given by a set of random variables. Our probabilistic formulation ensures that our constraints are satisfied with a given probability, and that our objective function achieves a desired level with a stated probability. We used a variable transformation to reduce the resulting optimization problem to two dimensions. We showed that the optimal solution lies on the boundary of the feasible region and we implemented a branch and bound algorithm to find the global optimal solution. We demonstrated how the configuration of optimal schedules in the presence of uncertainty compares to optimal schedules in the absence of uncertainty (conventional schedule). We observed that in order to protect against the possibility of the model parameters falling into a region where the conventional schedule is no longer feasible, it is required to avoid extremal solutions, i.e. a single large dose or very large total dose delivered over a long period. Finally, we performed numerical experiments in the setting of head and neck tumors including several normal tissues to reveal the effect of parameter uncertainty on optimal schedules and to evaluate the sensitivity of the solutions to the choice of key model parameters.
133 Synthetic, Cyclodextrin-Based Polymer Matrix for Local Regional Drug Delivery (2008)

Various matrices containing both synthetic or natural polymers are currently used for local regional drug delivery to a number of disease locations such as chronic cutaneous wounds, joints, bone, muscle, and nerves. Insert Therapeutics has developed a novel synthetic matrix which consists of a copolymer of β-cyclodextrin and polyethylene-glycol (PEG). Addition of di- or multifunctionalized adamantane-PEG molecules results in noncovalent cross-linking through inclusion complex formation. The resulting hydrogel showed rheological characteristics amenable to topical application or local-regional injection into a variety of tissues (Bellocq et al. (2004) Bioconjug Chem 15(6): 1201–1211). This matrix was shown to be biocompatible, allowing for cellular growth and migration in vitro. It also allowed for efficient delivery of an adenovirus gene therapy vector to dermal fibroblast cells. In vivo, the matrix demonstrated efficient delivery of biotherapeutics such as recombinant adenovirus and non-viral gene therapy vectors after intradermal injection. The matrix was well tolerated and was as efficient as collagen in promoting wound healing when an adenoviral gene therapy vector expressing PDGF-bb was delivered to cutaneous wounds of diabetic mice. The matrix can additionally be modified to incorporate therapeutic small molecules, peptides, or proteins, either through inclusion complex formation or chemical linkage. Using biodegradable linker chemistry, the release rate of covalently attached molecules can be controlled. The cyclodextrin-PEG matrix is therefore an attractive alternative to existing matrices that is biocompatible, biodegradable, tunable with regard to its physicochemical properties, and can be designed to deliver multiple therapeutic agents to a variety of tissues in a controlled fashion.
Abstract 2795: An onco-protein axis linking polycomb repressive complex 2 and polycomb repressive complex 1 through miRNAs in cancer (2011)

Abstract Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) is the catalytic histone methyltransferase subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2), that trimethylates histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) resulting in the silencing of target genes. PRC2 plays a critical role in many basic cellular processes including cell proliferation, differentiation, early embryogenesis, and X chromosome inactivation. In cancer, EZH2 upregulation is implicated in metastasis and tumor aggressiveness of prostate and breast cancer and several other solid tumors. Recently our lab reported the genomic loss of miR-101 microRNA accompanying EZH2 overexpression in tumor cells. Here we identified several microRNAs that were downregulated by EZH2 and their levels were restored upon EZH2 depletion in cancer cell lines, and expression levels of these microRNAs were negatively correlated with EZH2 in human prostate tumors. Additionally, H3K27me3 modification was observed in the upstream regions of the miRNAs, suggesting a direct role for EZH2 in their regulation. Ectopic overexpression of the miRNAs suppressed cell proliferation, invasion, anchorage-independent growth, sphere formation and xenograft tumor growth of aggressive prostate and breast cancer cell lines. Finally, our investigations showed that the miRNAs also repress the expression of Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 (PRC1) members BMI1 and RING2, leading to a global decrease in the epigenetic marker, ubiquityl-H2A-K119 (uH2A) in cells, a key step in PRC1-mediated silencing. Our findings provide compelling argument for a regulatory axis joining PRC2 and PRC1 through miRNAs. This novel link between PRC2 and PRC1 indicates a coordinated mechanism by polycomb group proteins to promote an aggressive cancer phenotype. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2795. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2795
Trial Watch: Radioimmunotherapy for oncological indications (2014)

During the past two decades, it has become increasingly clear that the antineoplastic effects of radiation therapy do not simply reflect the ability of X-, β- and γ-rays to damage transformed cells and directly cause their permanent proliferative arrest or demise, but also involve cancer cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Indeed, among other activities, radiotherapy has been shown to favor the establishment of tumor-specific immune responses that operate systemically, underpinning the so-called 'out-of-field' or 'abscopal' effect. Thus, ionizing rays appear to elicit immunogenic cell death, a functionally peculiar variant of apoptosis associated with the emission of a particularly immunostimulatory combination of damage-associated molecular patterns. In line with this notion, radiation therapy fosters, and thus exacerbates, the antineoplastic effects of various treatment modalities, including surgery, chemotherapy and various immunotherapeutic agents. Here, we summarize recent advances in the use of ionizing rays as a means to induce or potentiate therapeutically relevant anticancer immune responses. In addition, we present clinical trials initiated during the past 12 months to test the actual benefit of radioimmunotherapy in cancer patients.
Influence of severe plastic deformation and subsequent annealing on creep behaviour of martensitic 9% Cr steel (2021)

The objective of the study is to evaluate the effects of severe plastic deformation (SPD) and annealing on creep behaviour of advanced tungsten modified creep-resistant 9 % Cr martensitic P92 steel. The as-received P92 steel was deformed by high-pressure torsion (HTP), high-pressure sliding (HPS) and rotary swaging (RS) at room temperature prior creep testing. These SPD methods imposed significantly different equivalent plastic strain in the range from 1 up to 20. Constant load creep tests in tension were performed in an argon atmosphere at 873 K and applied stress ranging from 50 to 200 MPa. The microstructure and phase composition of P92 steel were studied using a scanning electron microscope Tescan Lyra 3 and a transmission electron microscope Jeol 2100F.
A Clinically Driven Task-Based Comparison of Photon Counting and Conventional Energy Integrating CT for Soft Tissue, Vascular, and High-Resolution Tasks (2020)

Photon-counting CT detectors are the next step in advancing CT system development and will replace the current energy integrating detectors (EID) in CT systems in the near future. In this context, the performance of PCCT was compared to EID CT for three clinically relevant tasks: abdominal soft tissue imaging, where differentiating low contrast features is important; vascular imaging, where iodine detectability is critical; and, high-resolution skeletal and lung imaging. A multi-tiered phantom was imaged on an investigational clinical PCCT system (Siemens Healthineers) across different doses using three imaging modes: macro and ultra-high resolution (UHR) PCCT modes and EID CT. Images were reconstructed using filtered backprojection and soft tissue (B30f), vascular (B46f), or high-resolution (B70f; U70f for UHR) kernels. Noise power spectra, task transfer functions, and detectability index were evaluated. For a soft tissue task, PCCT modes showed comparable noise and resolution with improved contrast-to-noise ratio. For a vascular task, PCCT modes showed lower noise and improved iodine detectability. For a high resolution task, macro mode showed lower noise and comparable resolution while UHR mode showed higher noise but improved spatial resolution for both air and bone. PCCT offers competitive advantages to EID CT for clinical tasks.
Dynamics and statistics of triplet-triplet annihilation in micellar assemblies (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDynamics and statistics of triplet-triplet annihilation in micellar assembliesGuido Rothenberger, Pierre P. Infelta, and Michael GraetzelCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1981, 85, 13, 1850–1856Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1981https://doi.org/10.1021/j150613a016RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (828 KB) Get e-Alerts
Laser Ablative Surface Treatment for Enhanced Bonding of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy (2013)

Adhesive bonding offers many advantages over mechanical fastening, but requires certification before it can be incorporated in primary structures for commercial aviation without disbond-arrestment features or redundant load paths. Surface preparation is widely recognized as the key step to producing robust and predictable adhesive bonds. Surface preparation by laser ablation provides an alternative to the expensive, hazardous, polluting, and less precise practices used currently such as chemical-dip, manual abrasion and grit blast. This report documents preliminary testing of a surface preparation technique using laser ablation as a replacement for the chemical etch and abrasive processes currently applied to Ti-6Al-4V alloy adherends. Surface roughness and surface chemical composition were characterized using interference microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. A technique for fluorescence visualization was developed which allowed for quantitative failure mode analysis. Wedge crack extension testing in a hot, humid environment indicated the relative effectiveness of various surface treatments. Increasing ablation duty cycle reduced crack propagation and adhesive failure. Single lap shear testing showed an increase in strength and durability as laser ablation duty cycle and power were increased. Chemical analyses showed trends for surface chemical species, which correlated with improved bond strength and durability.
Causality: a special issue of Journal de la Société Française de Statistique (editorial) (2020)

International audience
Optimization Issues for a Micropulsed Plasma Thruster (2006)

Peer Reviewed
Unsteady and Three-Dimensional Flow Mechanism of Spike-Type Stall Inception in an Axial Flow Compressor Rotor (2011)

The unsteady behaviors and three-dimensional flow structure of the spike-type stall inception in an axial flow compressor rotor have been investigated by experimental and numerical analyses. In order to capture the transient phenomena of spike-type stall inception experimentally, “SFMT (Simultaneous Field Measurement Technique)”, by which instantaneous pressure distributions on the casing wall were acquired, was developed. By applying this technique, the unsteady flow pattern on the casing wall was extracted for each phase of development process of the stall inception. The details of three-dimensional flow structure in the stall inception process were revealed by the numerical analysis using a detached-eddy simulation (DES). At the stall inception, the characteristic patterns of the casing wall pressure distributions are observed in the experimental results: the low pressure regions moving in the circumferential direction and the variations of the low pressure regions at the leading edge. Considering the results of DES, these patterns are made by the vortices fragmented from the deformed tip leakage vortex or the tornado-type separation vortex and also are made by the tornado-type separation vortex itself, as well. The vortical flow structures have been elucidated. These vortices actually result from the leading edge separation at the blade tip. Therefore, it has been found that spike-type stall inception is dominated by the leading edge separation at the rotor blade tip.
Endometrial polyps are non-neoplastic but harbor epithelial mutations in endometrial cancer drivers at low allelic frequencies (2022)

Endometrial polyps (EMPs) are common exophytic masses associated with abnormal uterine bleeding and infertility. Unlike normal endometrium, which is cyclically shed, EMPs persist over ovulatory cycles and after the menopause. Despite their usual classification as benign entities, EMPs are paradoxically associated with endometrial carcinomas of diverse histologic subtypes, which frequently arise within EMPs. The etiology and potential origins of EMPs as clonally-derived neoplasms are uncertain, but previous investigations suggested that EMPs are neoplasms of stromal origin driven by recurring chromosomal rearrangements. To better define benign EMPs at the molecular genetic level, we analyzed individual EMPs from 31 women who underwent hysterectomy for benign indications. The 31 EMPs were subjected to comprehensive genomic profiling by exome sequencing of a large panel of tumor-related genes including oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and chromosomal translocation partners. There were no recurring chromosomal rearrangements, and copy-number analyses did not reveal evidence of significant chromosome-level events. Surprisingly, there was a high incidence of single nucleotide variants corresponding to classic oncogenic drivers (i.e., definitive cancer drivers). The spectrum of known oncogenic driver events matched that of endometrial cancers more closely than any other common cancer. Further analyses including laser-capture microdissection showed that these mutations were present in the epithelial compartment at low allelic frequencies. These results establish a link between EMPs and the acquisition of endometrial cancer driver mutations. Based on these findings, we propose a model where the association between EMPs and endometrial cancer is explained by the age-related accumulation of endometrial cancer drivers in a protected environment that-unlike normal endometrium-is not subject to cyclical shedding.
Dependence of carrier lifetime and resistivity on annealing in InP grown by He-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy (1998)

We have experimentally investigated the carrier lifetime and resistivity versus anneal temperature in InP films grown by He-plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy. This material is shown to exhibit picosecond carrier lifetime with high resistivity even after anneal at temperatures up to 700 °C.
Preparation and Magnetic Properties of Nano-Sized Iron Powder Particles Coated with Silica Film by Calcium Hydride Reduction Method (2020)

Well-defined SiO2-coated Fe nanoparticles with various SiO2 thicknesses from 1.2 to 27.8 nm were successfully prepared by controlling the amount of tetraethyl orthosilicate followed by reduction of the SiO2-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles with CaH2. The saturation magnetization of the SiO2-coated Fe nanoparticles increased with decreasing SiO2 thickness. The saturation magnetization of the SiO2-coated Fe nanoparticles with a SiO2 thickness of 2.7 nm or more decreased slightly after atmospheric exposure for 192 h, but did not change with longer exposure, whereas that of the nanoparticles with the 1.2 nm SiO2 coating thickness decreased steeply in 24 h, and continued to decrease gradually from 24 h to 1080 h.
Response of durum wheat lines to the cause agent of leaf rust Puccinia triticina (2021)

Аbstract. The response of 1262 durum wheat lines to the cause agent of leaf rust Puccinia triticina was studied. The investigation was carried under infection field conditions during 2013-2015 at Dobrudzha Agricultural Institute (DAI) – General Toshevo, Bulgaria. Over the years of investigation, a maximum high infection background was developed by the cause agent of the disease, including all pathogen pathotypes identified during this period. The race variability in the population of the pathogen during the period was determined at the Plant Pathology Laboratory of DAI according to a validated methodology for working with rusts. Seventy-one phenotypically different virulent pathotypes were established. Fifteen new races of P. triticina were also identified, which have not been present during the previous 15 years in Bulgaria. Seventeen lines and one cultivar with a certain degree of resistance to the pathogen were selected. The selected lines can be involved in the breeding programs for developing initial material with resistance to leaf rust P. triticina.
Novel particulate production processes to create unique security materials (2006)

Particles are frequently used to impart security features to high value items. These particles are typically produced by traditional methods, and therefore the security must be derived from the chemical composition of the particles rather than the particle production process. Here, we present new and difficult-to-reproduce particle production processes based on spray pyrolysis that can produce unique particles and features that are dependent on the use of these new-to-the-world processes and process trade secrets. Specifically two examples of functional materials are described, luminescent materials and electrocatalytic materials.
Differential Activity of Polyanionic Compounds and Castanospermine against HIV Replication and HIV-Induced Syncytium Formation Depending on Virus Strain and Cell Type (1992)

Polyanionic compounds [i.e. pentosan polysulphate, dextran sulphate, heparin, suramin, and aurintricarboxylic acid (ATA)] and castanospermine were examined for their inhibitory effect on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) strains (HIV-1 IIIB , HIV-1 RF , HIV-2 ROD and HIV-2 EHO ) in two different assays (HIV cytopathicity in MT-4 cells and HIV antigen expression in CEM cells). In the MT-4 assay dextran sulphate and pentosan polysulphate were more active against HIV-2 ROD , suramin was more active against HIV-1 RF , and ATA more active against HIV-2 EHO -Heparin was less, but castanospermine was more, active against the two HIV-2 strains. In the CEM assay dextran sulphate and suramin were equally active against all HIV strains, pentosan polysulphate was more active against both HIV-2 strains, whereas heparin was less active against HIV-2 ROD and ATA again was more active against HIV-2 EHO . The compounds and soluble CD4 (sCD4) were also tested in the HIV-induced syncytium formation assay, where chronically infected HUT-78 cells were mixed with uninfected MOLT-4 or CEM cells. The inhibitory effect of suramin and ATA on syncytium formation was independent of the virus strain or cell type. For dextran sulphate and pentosan polysulphate, it was dependent on virus strain, and for heparin, castanospermine, and sCD4, it was dependent on both the virus strain and cell type.
Dissociation of gesture and object recognition (1998)

Studies of the visual in monkeys have suggested the existence of two predominantly visual pathways.1 The ventral stream orwhat system runs from the primary and secondary visual association areas to the temporal lobes and is associated with the perception of objects. The dorsal stream or where system runs from the primary and secondary visual association areas toward multi-modal association areas in the parietal lobes and is critical for determining the spatial location of objects. Clinical studies in humans support this functional and anatomic dichotomy. Although patients with bilateral ventral occipital temporal lesions cannot recognize objects and familiar faces, they can correctly find the spatial location of these same items. In contrast, patients with dorsal occipital parietal lesions may be unable to accurately point to a seen item (optic ataxia) but may be able to recognize these same objects and familiar faces. These prior monkey and human studies did not examine which of these visual streams is used for understanding seen gestures. Because it has been posited that gesture representations are stored in the human parietal lobe,2 we suspected that gesture comprehension may use the dorsal visual stream. Recently, we tested this hypothesis by studying a patient with a cerebral infarct in bilateral ventral mesial occipital-temporal regions (figure). He could recognize visually presented gestures but not visually presented objects.





Figure. Magnetic resonance imaging shows an acute infarct in the ventral mesial occipital-temporal regions damaging areas 17 and 18 bilaterally (right greater than the left), involving the white matter beneath area 19 on the right and sparing the splenium. There was also a right cerebellar infarct in the territory of the anterior inferior cerebellar artery.



Methods and results. The patient, W.A., was a 70-year-old college professor who had visual difficulty and cerebellar signs including ataxia and dysarthria. W.A. reported that …
Quantum Photonic Neural Networks (2019)

We propose an architecture for next generation quantum photonic processors, which maps the features of neural networks into the quantum optical domain. Through numerical simulation we demonstrate a range of new quantum information processing tasks.