gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Clay Stabilizers for a Sandstone Field in Central Saudi Arabia (1999)

Summary An oil field in central Saudi Arabia produces super-light crude from a sandstone reservoir. The formation contains up to 7.0 wt% authigenic clays dominated by kaolinite and illite/montmorillonite mixed layer clays. To mitigate sand production and improve well productivity, a frac pack stimulation treatment was conducted on most producing wells in this field. The treatment introduced several fluids, which might invade the formation and induce formation damage. An experimental study was conducted to determine potential formation damage due to fines migration and clay swelling, and to design an effective clay stabilizer treatment. The work included performing coreflood experiments using reservoir cores under reservoir conditions. The critical salt concentration (defined, as the salt concentration below which there is loss of permeability) was first determined. Several commercial clay stabilizers, cationic polymers, were evaluated. The effects of stabilizer type, concentration and acids on core permeability were investigated in detail. The experimental results indicated that the critical salt concentration (KCl brine) was nearly 5 wt%. Severe loss of permeability was observed when brines of lower salt concentrations were injected into reservoir cores. The effectiveness of clay stabilizers was found to be a function of chemical type and concentration. Some ofthe chemicals caused loss of injectivity at higher concentrations. It was found that these chemicals did not readily dissolve in water and formed fish eyes. When these chemicals were injected into reservoir cores, they formed an external filter cake, which caused loss of permeability. Good mixing of the stabilizer and proper filtration solved this problem. Hydrochloric acid at 15 wt% did improve the performance of at least one of the clay stabilizers examined. Based on lab testing, a cost effective clay stabilizer was tested in the field. Field results indicated that the chemical did not cause loss of injectivity, and minimized formation damage due to fines migration and clay swelling.
<p>Topical Application of Exosomes Derived from Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Combination with Sponge Spicules for Treatment of Photoaging</p> (2020)

SHSs provide a safe and effective way to enhance the skin delivery of MSC-Exos. Moreover, the combination of MSC-Exos and SHSs may be of much use in the treatment of photoaging.
Water as a monomer: synthesis of an aliphatic polyethersulfone from divinyl sulfone and water (2022)

Using water as a monomer in polymerization reactions presents a unique and exquisite strategy towards more sustainable chemistry. Herein, the feasibility thereof is demonstrated by the introduction of the oxa-Michael polyaddition of water and divinyl sulfone. Upon nucleophilic or base catalysis, the corresponding aliphatic polyethersulfone is obtained in an interfacial polymerization at room temperature in high yield (>97%) within an hour. The polyethersulfone is characterized by relatively high molar mass averages and a dispersity around 2.5. The polymer was tested as a solid polymer electrolyte with lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI) as the salt. Free-standing amorphous membranes were prepared by a melt process in a solvent-free manner. The polymer electrolyte containing 15 wt% LiTFSI featured an oxidative stability of up to 5.5 V <i>vs.</i> Li/Li<sup>+</sup> at 45 °C and a conductivity of 1.45 × 10<sup>-8</sup> S cm<sup>-1</sup> at room temperature.
Downregulation of JAK3 Protein Levels in T Lymphocytes by Prostaglandin E2 and Other Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Elevating Agents: Impact on Interleukin-2 Receptor Signaling Pathway (1999)

The Janus kinase, JAK3 plays an important role in interleukin-2 (IL-2)–dependent signal transduction and proliferation of T lymphocytes. Our findings show that prostaglandin E2(PGE2) can inhibit upregulation of JAK3 protein in naive T cells and can downregulate its expression in primed cells. Reduction in JAK3 was selective because expression of other tyrosine kinases (JAK1, p56lck, and p59fyn) and signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)5, which are linked to IL-2 receptor (IL-2R) signaling pathway, were not affected. Inhibition of JAK3 may be controlled by intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels, as forskolin, a direct activator of adenylate cyclase and dibutyryl cAMP (dbcAMP), a membrane permeable analogue of cAMP suppressed JAK3 expression. Moreover, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), an inhibitor of cAMP phosphodiesterase, potentiated PGE2-induced suppression of JAK3. In naive T cells, but not primed T cells, PGE2 and other cAMP elevating agents also caused a modest reduction in surface expression of the common gamma chain (γc) that associates with JAK3. The absence of JAK3, but not IL-2R in T cells correlated with impaired IL-2–dependent signal transduction and proliferation. The alteration in IL-2 signaling included decreased tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding activity of STAT5 and poor induction of the c-Myc and c-Jun pathways. In contrast, IL-2–dependent induction of Bcl-2 was unaffected. These findings suggest that suppression of JAK3 levels may represent one mechanism by which PGE2 and other cAMP elevating agents can inhibit T-cell proliferation.
Endothelial expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 correlates with metastatic pattern in spontaneous melanoma. (2001)

Our results indicate that upregulation of VCAM-1 is not a prerequisite for the formation of pulmonary metastases during spontaneous melanoma metastases. However, once lung metastases become well established, organ-specific increases in VCAM-1 expression become apparent. Furthermore, these organ-specific increments in VCAM-1 expression correspond with documented clinical patterns of melanoma metastasis. The enhanced expression of VCAM-1 is independent of systemic levels of TNF-alpha and IL-1alpha, but may be the result of melanoma-induced alterations at the local level, as we found evidence of melanoma cell occupation in heart, brain, and liver in pulmonary metastases-bearing mice.
Distinguishing Carmenère from Similar Cultivars by DNA Typing (2001)

A total of 93 vines from five vineyards in Chile that were originally planted as Merlot, four vines from a cultivar collection in Chile, and two vines in California were analyzed with SSR DNA markers to confirm their identity. DNA profiles were compared to those of previously confirmed reference vines. Vines in the Chilean vineyards matched the DNA profiles of either Merlot or Carmenère, consistent with prior visual identification of these vines. The four vines from the cultivar collection matched Carmenère, although they were originally planted as Merlot. Both California vines were confirmed as Carmenère, although one was originally imported as Cabernet franc. Two markers, VVMD28 and VVMD31, are particularly useful for distinguishing Carmenère from Merlot. VVMD31 will also distinguish Cabernet franc from the other two cultivars, as will VVMD27. Although these three cultivars can be distinguished visually, DNA typing is a valuable adjunct for verifying identity, particularly for vines in nurseries and foundation plantings.
Unsymmetrical O-bridged calixarenes derived from tBu-calix[4]arene and p-benzylcalix[4]arene (2002)

Bis-calixarenes derived from linking p-tBu-calix[4]arene with p-tBu-calix[n]arenes (n = 5, 8) via ethylene linkages have been prepared and structural authentication in the solid state for the compound with p-tBu-calix[4]arene linked to p-tBu-calix[5]arene has been carried out. The bis-calixarene derived from linking p-tBu-calix[4]arene with p-benzylcalix[4]arene and its related chemistry are also reported.
Cover Picture: The Pivotal Role of Catalysis in France: Selected Examples of Recent Advances and Future Prospects. (ChemCatChem 12/2017) (2017)

The Front Cover shows the potential of catalysis in France.In their Review, H. Olivier-Bourbigou et al. summarize the most significant breakthroughs reported in France over the last ten years in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. The Review focuses on the development of catalytic systems for specific applications, such as petrochemistry, biomass transformation, environmental applications and CO2 for energy. The significant cross-disciplinary approaches, essential to understand and optimize catalytic processes, are also described. More information can be found in the Review by H. Olivier-Bourbigou et al. on page 2029 in Issue 12, 2017 (DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201700426).
Hepatic MIR20B promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by suppressing PPARA (2021)

Abstract Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is characterized by excessive lipid accumulation and imbalances in lipid metabolism in the liver. Although nuclear receptors (NRs) play a crucial role in hepatic lipid metabolism, the underlying mechanisms of NR regulation in NAFLD remain largely unclear. Methods Using network analysis and RNA-seq to determine the correlation between NRs and microRNA in human NAFLD patients, we revealed that MIR20B specifically targets PPARA . MIR20B mimic and anti-MIR20B were administered to human HepG2 and Huh-7 cells and mouse primary hepatocytes as well as high fat diet (HFD)- or methionine-deficient diet (MCD)-fed mice to verify the specific function of MIR20B in NAFLD. We tested the inhibition of the therapeutic effect of a PPARα agonist, fenofibrate, by MIR20B and the synergic effect of combination of fenofibrate with anti-MIR20B. Results We revealed that MIR20B specifically targets PPARA through miRNA regulatory network analysis of nuclear receptor genes in NAFLD. The expression of MIR20B was upregulated in free fatty acid (FA)- treated hepatocytes and the livers of both obesity-induced mice and NAFLD patients. Overexpression of MIR20B significantly increased hepatic lipid accumulation and triglyceride levels. Furthermore, MIR20B significantly reduced FA oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis by targeting PPARA . In MIR20B -introduced mice, the effect of fenofibrate to ameliorate hepatic steatosis was significantly suppressed. Finally, inhibition of MIR20B significantly increased FA oxidation and uptake, resulting in improved insulin sensitivity and a decrease in NAFLD progression. Moreover, combination of fenofibrate and anti- MIR20B exhibited the synergic effect on improvement of NAFLD in MCD-fed mice. Conclusions Taken together, our results demonstrate that the novel MIR20B targets PPARA , plays a significant role in hepatic lipid metabolism, and present an opportunity for the development of novel therapeutics for NAFLD. Funding This research was funded by Korea Mouse Phenotyping Project (2016M3A9D5A01952411), the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (2020R1F1A1061267, 2018R1A5A1024340, NRF-2021R1I1A2041463, 2020R1I1A1A01074940), and the Future-leading Project Research Fund (1.210034.01) of UNIST.
Thermal Imaging of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Anodes (2009)

Abstract not Available.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide by Using Organocatalysts (2015)

Abstract Review: [130 refs.
Extended design reuse trade-offs in hardware-software architecture mapping (2000)

In the design of embedded systems-on-chip, the success of a product generation depends on the flexibility to accommodate future design changes. This requirement influences the hardware-software partitioning strategy Therefore we propose a novel hardware-software architecture and mapping methodology, which provide new trade-off opportunities for cost-effective component reuse.
Treatment of Low Concentration Hydrogen by use of Proton Exchange Membrane (2008)

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) can hardly react a hundred percent of fuel, because a cell potential becomes zero if all of the fuel is consumed at PEMFC. Therefore a small amount of fuel is always released from PEMFC. The exhausted H2 should be treated for safety. iave-Vcel characteristics were measured changing hydrogen concentration from 99.99% to 1%. Moreover, Vcell of the constant voltage control was selected from the measured Vcell-iave characteristics, the low concentration hydrogen could be treated under Vcell =0.15 - 0.3V by hydrogen pump and Vcell =0.4 - 0.6V by PEMFC. The exhaust hydrogen was reduced to the hydrogen concentration of several tens of ppm.
Determinants of Angle Closure in Older Singaporeans (2008)

In this community-based study of older Singaporeans, statistically significant independent predictors of AC were female sex, shorter axial length, shallower central anterior chamber depth, and Chinese race/ethnicity. Sex and racial/ethnic differences in the risk of AC were not fully explained by sex and racial/ethnic variations in axial length or anterior chamber depth.
Spectral analysis method for detecting an element (2023)

A method for detecting an element is described and which includes the steps of providing a gamma-ray spectrum which has a region of interest which corresponds with a small amount of an element to be detected; providing nonparametric assumptions about a shape of the gamma-ray spectrum in the region of interest, and which would indicate the presence of the element to be detected; and applying a statistical test to the shape of the gamma-ray spectrum based upon the nonparametric assumptions to detect the small amount of the element to be detected.
A two-layer MPEG2-compatible video coding technique using wavelets (2002)

In this paper, a two-layer hierarchical video coding technique that is compatible with MPEG2 is presented. By using a simplified version of the Mallat algorithm, a video signal is decomposed as two constituent signals, the smoothed signal comprising low-frequency content and the edge part representing the high-frequency information. The smoothed signal is then encoded into an MPEG2 video stream, while the edge information is encoded by utilizing the chain code into an MPEG2 private stream. By applying this coding strategy, the artifacts such as the blocking effect that is usually present in conventional block-based coding schemes, especially at low bit rate, and the ringing effect which may occur in a wavelets-based method, are both overcome. Simulation results show that the proposed coding scheme is capable of producing high-quality reconstructed video signals.
Rewiring Cells: Synthetic Biology as a Tool to Interrogate the Organizational Principles of Living Systems (2010)

The living cell is an incredibly complex entity, and the goal of predictively and quantitatively understanding its function is one of the next great challenges in biology. Much of what we know about the cell concerns its constituent parts, but to a great extent we have yet to decode how these parts are organized to yield complex physiological function. Classically, we have learned about the organization of cellular networks by disrupting them through genetic or chemical means. The emerging discipline of synthetic biology offers an additional, powerful approach to study systems. By rearranging the parts that comprise existing networks, we can gain valuable insight into the hierarchical logic of the networks and identify the modular building blocks that evolution uses to generate innovative function. In addition, by building minimal toy networks, one can systematically explore the relationship between network structure and function. Here, we outline recent work that uses synthetic biology approaches to investigate the organization and function of cellular networks, and describe a vision for a synthetic biology toolkit that could be used to interrogate the design principles of diverse systems.
Preparation of Pincer Hafnium Complexes for Olefin Polymerization (2019)

Pincer-type [C<sup>naphthyl</sup>, N<sup>pyridine</sup>, N<sup>amido</sup>]HfMe<sub>2</sub> complex is a flagship among the post-metallocene catalysts. In this work, various pincer-type Hf-complexes were prepared for olefin polymerization. Pincer-type [N<sup>amido</sup>, N<sup>pyridine</sup>, N<sup>amido</sup>]HfMe<sub>2</sub> complexes were prepared by reacting in situ generated HfMe<sub>4</sub> with the corresponding ligand precursors, and the structure of a complex bearing 2,6-Et<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N<sup>amido</sup> moieties was confirmed by X-ray crystallography. When the ligand precursors of [(CH<sub>3</sub>)R<sub>2</sub>Si-C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>3</sub>N-C(H)PhN(H)Ar (R = Me or Ph, Ar = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) were treated with in situ generated HfMe<sub>4</sub>, pincer-type [C<sup>silylmethyl</sup>, N<sup>pyridine</sup>, N<sup>amido</sup>]HfMe<sub>2</sub> complexes were afforded by formation of Hf-CH<sub>2</sub>Si bond. Pincer-type [C<sup>naphthyl</sup>, S<sup>thiophene</sup>, N<sup>amido</sup>]HfMe<sub>2</sub> complex, where the pyridine moiety in the flagship catalyst was replaced with a thiophene unit, was not generated when the corresponding ligand precursor was treated with HfMe<sub>4</sub>. Instead, the [S<sup>thiophene</sup>, N<sup>amido</sup>]HfMe<sub>3</sub>-type complex was obtained with no formation of the Hf-C<sup>naphthyl</sup> bond. A series of pincer-type [C<sup>naphthyl</sup>, N<sup>pyridine</sup>, N<sup>alkylamido</sup>]HfMe<sub>2</sub> complexes was prepared where the arylamido moiety in the flagship catalyst was replaced with alkylamido moieties (alkyl = iPr, cyclohexyl, <i>t</i>Bu, adamantyl). Structures of the complexes bearing isopropylamido and adamantylamido moieties were confirmed by X-ray crystallography. Most of the complexes cleanly generated the desired ion-pair complexes when treated with an equivalent amount of [(C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>37</sub>)<sub>2</sub>N(H)Me]<sup>+</sup>[B(C<sub>6</sub>F<sub>5</sub>)<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup>, which showed negligible activity in olefin polymerization. Some complexes bearing bulky substituents showed moderate activities, even though the desired ion-pair complexes were not cleanly afforded.
Cosmic evolution in a cyclic universe (2002)

Based on concepts drawn from the ekpyrotic scenario and M theory, we elaborate our recent proposal of a cyclic model of the universe. In this model, the universe undergoes an endless sequence of cosmic epochs which begin with the universe expanding from a ``big bang'' and end with the universe contracting to a ``big crunch.'' Matching from ``big crunch'' to ``big bang'' is performed according to the prescription recently proposed with Khoury, Ovrut and Seiberg. The expansion part of the cycle includes a period of radiation and matter domination followed by an extended period of cosmic acceleration at low energies. The cosmic acceleration is crucial in establishing the flat and vacuous initial conditions required for ekpyrosis and for removing the entropy, black holes, and other debris produced in the preceding cycle. By restoring the universe to the same vacuum state before each big crunch, the acceleration ensures that the cycle can repeat and that the cyclic solution is an attractor.
Synthesis and evaluation of AlgNa-g-poly(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering and controlled release of betamethasone. (2021)

Hydrogels obtained from the combination of different polymers are an interesting strategy for the development of controlled release system platforms and tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, the applicability of sodium alginate-g-(QCL-co-HEMA) hydrogels for these biomedical applications was evaluated. Hydrogels were synthesized by free-radical polymerization using different concentration of the components. The hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and swelling degree; betamethasone release as well as the in vitro cytocompatibility with chondrocytes and fibroblast cells were also evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed the porous surface morphology of the hydrogels in all cases. The swelling percent was determined at different pH and was observed to be pH-sensitive. The controlled release behavior of betamethasone from the matrices was investigated in PBS media (pH = 7.4) and the drug was released in a controlled manner up to 8 h. Human chondrocytes and fibroblasts were cultured on the hydrogels. The MTS assay shown that almost all hydrogels are cytocompatibles and an increase the proliferation in both cell types after one week of incubation was observed by Live/Dead&amp;reg; assay. These results demonstrate that these hydrogels are attractive materials for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications due to their characteristics, their release kinetics and biocompatibility.
Recombinant Toxins as Novel Therapeutic Agents (1992)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Characterization of Cytochrome P450st‐DDAB Films on a Plastic‐Formed Carbon Electrode (2007)

Abstract We have studied the characterization of thermophilic cytochrome P450 (P450st)‐didodecyldimethylammonium bromide (DDAB) films by using UV‐vis absorption, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and electrochemical methods. The observed Raman spectrum indicated near‐native conformation of the heme iron in DDAB film on the surface of a glass slide, while on the surface of a plastic‐formed carbon (PFC) electrode, the conformation of P450st‐DDAB was very similar to that of heme‐DDAB film, suggesting the release of heme from P450st in DDAB films on PFC electrodes. When NaBr was added as salt to the casting solution, the result of Raman spectrum indicated near‐native conformation of P450st in DDAB film even on the PFC electrode, but no redox potential of P450st which has near native structure was observed. This study suggests the essential experimental conditions when working with heme protein‐DDAB films as, in some cases, heme iron from proteins is released on the surface of the electrode.
Decrease in the Amount of Focal Adhesion Kinase (p125 ) in Interleukin-1β-stimulated Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells by Binding of Human Monocytic Cell Lines (1997)

Monocytes in the blood circulation migrate across endothelial cell monolayers lining the blood vessels and infiltrate into the underlying tissues in inflammation. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which leukocytes migrate across the endothelial barrier after binding and what molecules participate in the process. Addition of the human monocytic cell line THP-1 to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) induced a decrease in the amount of focal adhesion kinase (p125(FAK)) protein, a tyrosine kinase localized at focal contacts and essential for cell attachment to the extracellular matrix, whereas little change was observed in the amount of other molecules associated with cell adhesion such as vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, alpha-catenin, and talin. A maximum decrease in the amount of p125(FAK) was observed 15-30 min after addition of THP-1 cells to HUVEC, after which the level of p125(FAK) gradually recovered. A reduction in the density of actin stress fibers in IL-1beta-activated HUVEC was observed in parallel with the decrease in p125(FAK). The p125(FAK) decrease was partially inhibited by preventing THP-1 binding to HUVEC using a mixture of antibodies to adhesion molecules. We suggest that the decrease in p125(FAK) triggered by binding of monocytes in inflammation facilitates the transendothelial migration of the monocytes by altering the adhesiveness of endothelial cells to the extracellular matrix.
A Template-Controlled Solid-State Reaction for the Organic Chemistry Laboratory (2005)

An undergraduate laboratory experiment that employs molecules, in the form of linear hydrogen-bond templates, to direct the [2 + 2] photodimerization in the solid state is described. The experiment introduces the undergraduate students to supramolecular and solid-state chemistry, as well as aspects of green chemistry.