gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of a Caspase-3-like Activity by Calcium in Normal Cytosolic Extracts Triggers Nuclear Apoptosis in a Cell-free System (1998)

Calcium is involved in several steps of the apoptotic process. In nuclei, endonucleases are presumed to be the main targets of calcium; however, little is known about its role during the cytosolic phase of apoptosis. We used a cell-free system to address this question. Our results show that CaCl2 triggered nuclear apoptosis (i.e. typical morphological change and DNA fragmentation) at concentrations of 5 mM. This concentration was lowered 10-fold by the co-incubation with cytosolic extracts from nonapoptotic cells. Apoptotic changes induced by the incubation of nuclei with CaCl2 in the presence of these cytosols were strongly reduced in the presence of an inhibitor of caspase-3 and to a lesser extent by an inhibitor of caspase-1. We also show that calcium-induced apoptosis is affected by protease inhibitors such as N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone, but not by calpain or several lysosomal protease inhibitors. The addition of CaCl2 to the cell-free system increased a caspase-3 activity in nonapoptotic cytosols as shown by specific antibodies and an enzymatic assay. No activation of a caspase-3-like activity by the addition of cytochrome c was observed in these extracts under similar conditions. The enhanced caspase-3 activity induced by calcium was inhibited by protease inhibitors affecting morphological nuclear apoptosis except for those responsible for the degradation of lamin A. These results suggest that CaCl2 could trigger, in normal cells, an apoptotic cascade through the activation of cytosolic caspase-3 activity.
Coordinated resource allocation scheme for forward link in sectorized CDMA systems (2003)

We propose a coordinated resource allocation (CRA) scheme that can be used to allocate high data-rate users in sectorized cells. This scheme is useful for allocating high data-rate users at cell boundaries. In order to analyze the performance of the proposed scheme, we make an interference model for a sectorized CDMA system and suggest the system load measurement of the forward link. Based on this system load measurement, data throughput for the CDMA system under perfect and imperfect power control is then analyzed. Numerical results show that throughput is significantly increased when the CRA scheme is used.
ChemInform Abstract: Photoinduced Alkyl Group Exchange of Ethylzinc Alkoxides: X‐Ray Crystal Structure of an Iodomethylzinc Methoxide. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Unknown input observer based detection of sensor faults in a wind turbine (2010)

In this paper an unknown input observer is designed to detect three different sensor fault scenarios in a specified bench mark model for fault detection and accommodation of wind turbines. A subset of faults is dealt with, which are faults in the rotor and generator speed sensors as well as a converter sensor fault. The proposed scheme detects the speed sensor faults in question within the specified requirements given in the bench mark model, while the converter fault is detected but not within the required time to detect.
Endoglin integrates BMP and Wnt signalling to induce haematopoiesis through JDP2 (2016)

Mechanisms of haematopoietic and cardiac patterning remain poorly understood. Here we show that the BMP and Wnt signalling pathways are integrated in an endoglin (Eng)-dependent manner in cardiac and haematopoietic lineage specification. Eng is expressed in early mesoderm and marks both haematopoietic and cardiac progenitors. In the absence of Eng, yolk sacs inappropriately express the cardiac marker, Nkx2.5. Conversely, high levels of Eng in vitro and in vivo increase haematopoiesis and inhibit cardiogenesis. Levels of Eng determine the activation of both BMP and Wnt pathways, which are integrated downstream of Eng by phosphorylation of Smad1 by Gsk3. By interrogating Eng-dependent Wnt-mediated transcriptional changes, we identify Jdp2 as a key Eng-dependent Wnt target, sufficient to establish haematopoietic fate in early mesoderm when BMP and Wnt crosstalk is disturbed. These studies provide mechanistic insight into the integration of BMP and Wnt signalling in the establishment of haematopoietic and cardiac progenitors during embryogenesis.
Evidence for a Novel Mechanism Independent of Myocardial Iron in β-Thalassemia Cardiac Pathogenesis (2012)

Human β-thalassemia major is one of the most prevalent genetic diseases characterized by decrease/absence of β-globin chain production with reduction of erythrocyte number. The main cause of death of treated β-thalassemia major patients with chronic blood transfusion is early cardiac complications that have been attributed to secondary iron overload despite optimal chelation. Herein, we investigated pathophysiological mechanisms of cardiovascular dysfunction in a severe murine model of β-thalassemia from 6 to 15-months of age in the absence of confounding effects related to transfusion. Our longitudinal echocardiography analysis showed that β-thalassemic mice first display a significant increase of cardiac output in response to limited oxygen-carrying erythrocytes that progressed rapidly to left ventricular hypertrophy and structural remodeling. Following this compensated hypertrophy, β-thalassemic mice developed age-dependent deterioration of left ventricular contractility and dysfunction that led toward decompensated heart failure. Consistently, murine β-thalassemic hearts histopathology revealed cardiac remodeling with increased interstitial fibrosis but virtual absence of myocardial iron deposits. Importantly, development of thalassemic cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction independently of iron overload has uncoupled these cardiopathogenic processes. Altogether our study on β-thalassemia major hemoglobinopathy points to two successive phases resulting from severe chronic anemia and from secondarily induced mechanisms as pathophysiologic contributors to thalassemic cardiopathy.
HGV2012: Leveraging Next-Generation Technology and Large Datasets to Advance Disease Research (2013)

The 13th International Meeting on Human Genome Variation and Complex Genome Analysis (HGV2012: Shanghai, China, 6th-8th September 2012) was a stimulating workshop where researchers from academia and industry explored the latest progress, challenges, and opportunities in genome variation research. Key themes included advancements in next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, investigation of common and rare diseases, employing NGS in the clinic, utilizing large datasets that leverage biobanks and population-specific cohorts, and exploration of genomic features.
Weighted Generalized Mean Pooling for Deep Image Retrieval (2018)

Spatial pooling over convolutional activations (e.g., max pooling or sum pooling) has been shown to be successful in learning deep representations for image retrieval. However, most pooling techniques assume that every activation is equally important, and as a result they suffer from the presence of uninformative image regions that play a negative role as regards matching or lead to the confusion of particular visual instances. To address this issue, we propose a trainable building block that steers pooling to local information important to the task at hand. The method formulates pooling as a weighted generalized mean (wGeM), in which weights are learned on activations, reflecting the discriminative power of each activation in image matching. Embedding wGeM in a deep network improves image representation and boosts retrieval performance on standard benchmarks. wGeM does not require any bounding box annotations, but instead learns the latent probabilities of activations from scratch. It even goes beyond objectness, and learns to look at important visual details rather than the whole region of the object of interest.
Photodarkening-free fiber laser based on Yb-doped 20/400 gain fiber (2022)

We report a new Yb-doped gain fiber with 20 µm core and 400 µm cladding, designed for improving the long-term operation of commercial fiber lasers powered by cost-effective pump diodes, centered near 976 nm wavelength. The fiber was tested in a co-pumped amplifier, reaching 3.8 kW signal power with 89% optical-to-optical efficiency. Negligible photodarkening loss was observed in over 200-hour laser operation at 2 kW. The signal power was limited to 3.8 kW by TMI and can be further increased by optimizing the pumping configuration. The fiber is compatible with available 20/400 commercial fibers and components allowing fast system integration.
Structural Identification, Synthesis and Biological Activity of Two Volatile Cyclic Dipeptides in a Terrestrial Vertebrate (2020)

Single substances within complex vertebrate chemical signals could be physiologically or behaviourally active. However, the vast diversity in chemical structure, physical properties and molecular size of semiochemicals makes identifying pheromonally active compounds no easy task. Here, we identified two volatile cyclic dipeptides, cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) and cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro), from the complex mixture of a chemical signal in terrestrial vertebrates (lizard genus Sceloporus), synthesised one of them and investigated their biological activity in male intra-specific communication. In a series of behavioural trials, lizards performed more chemosensory behaviour (tongue flicks, lip smacks and substrate lickings) when presented with the synthesised cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro) chemical blend, compared to the controls, the cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) blend, or a combined blend with both cyclic dipeptides. The results suggest a potential semiochemical role of cyclo(L-Pro-L-Pro) and a modulating effect of cyclo(L-Leu-L-Pro) that may depend on the relative concentration of both compounds in the chemical signal. In addition, our results stress how minor compounds in complex mixtures can produce a meaningful behavioural response, how small differences in structural design are crucial for biological activity, and highlight the need for more studies to determine the complete functional landscape of biologically relevant compounds.
Quantum State Engineering and Precision Metrology Using State-Insensitive Light Traps (2008)

Precision metrology and quantum measurement often demand that matter be prepared in well-defined quantum states for both internal and external degrees of freedom. Laser-cooled neutral atoms localized in a deeply confining optical potential satisfy this requirement. With an appropriate choice of wavelength and polarization for the optical trap, two electronic states of an atom can experience the same trapping potential, permitting coherent control of electronic transitions independent of the atomic center-of-mass motion. Here, we review a number of recent experiments that use this approach to investigate precision quantum metrology for optical atomic clocks and coherent control of optical interactions of single atoms and photons within the context of cavity quantum electrodynamics. We also provide a brief survey of promising prospects for future work.
Holographic laser radar (1993)

Experimental results from a fine-resolution three-dimensional (3-D) imaging method are presented. An object is flood illuminated with coherent light from a frequency-tunable laser. Electronic holograms are then recorded for a series of laser frequencies. These recordings are digitally assembled into a 3-D data array that is Fourier transformed to yield a 3-D image. 3-D imaging with 4.2-microm range resolution using a broadly tunable dye laser is demonstrated.
Plastid transformation for production of vaccines & therapeutic proteins (2011)

High expression levels of vaccines and therapeutic proteins can be attained from recombinant genes integrated in the plastid genome due to a high transgene copy number and a prokaryotic-type gene expression system evolved for high-level expression of a relatively small number of proteins. Herein, we discuss the basic aspects of the plastid transformation technology in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), a flowering plant species, and Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, a unicellular alga, and show the utility of the technology for the production of recombinant vaccine antigens and therapeutic proteins using recent examples.
Epizone: Interlaboratory Ring Trial to Compare Dna Transfection Efficiencies (2011)

Chemical-based transfection of DNA into cultured cells is routinely used to study for example viral or cellular gene functions involved in virus replication, to analyse cellular defence mechanisms or develop specific strategies to interfere with virus replication. Other applications include rescue of viruses by reverse genetics and/or generation of mutated viruses. A large number of transfection chemicals like calcium phospate, branched organic compounds, liposomes, cationic polymers etc. are available on the market which are used by different laboratories for different cell lines. To obtain an overview on the efficiencies of varying transfection procedures, an interlaboratory ring trial was initiated within EPIZONE theme 5. A total of 15 participitating laboratories from 7 member institutions received RK13 cells, plasmid DNA encoding firefly luciferase under the transcriptional control of the human cytomegalovirus major immediate early promoter, a specially developed lysis buffer and a detailed protocol. Transfected cells were harvested in the laboratories of the participants, frozen and sent to the FLI where both the luciferase activity and protein content of the individual samples were determined to compare transfection efficiency between laboratories with the same protocol and equipment. In addition some laboratories sent samples from cells they are routinely using, transfected with the provided firefly luciferase plasmid, to allow comparison of transfection efficiency between different cell types. About 50 different samples were analysed and the luciferase activity per nanogram total protein (RLU/ng) was determined. The results revealed for RK13 cells a large range of specific luciferase activities between laboratories and, in comparison to RK13 cells, also varying transfection efficacies for other the cell lines. Details will be presented.
Thermoreflectance Imaging of (Ultra)wide Band-Gap Devices with MoS2 Enhancement Coatings (2021)

Measuring the maximum operating temperature within the channel of ultrawide band-gap transistors is critically important since the temperature dependence of the device reliability sets operational limits such as maximum operational power. Thermoreflectance imaging (TTI) is an optimal choice to measure the junction temperature due to its submicrometer spatial resolution and submicrosecond temporal resolution. Since TTI is an imaging technique, data acquisition is orders of magnitude faster than point measurement techniques such as Raman thermometry. Unfortunately, commercially available LED light sources used in thermoreflectance systems are limited to energies less than ∼3.9 eV, which is below the band gap of many ultrawide band-gap semiconductors (>4.0 eV). Therefore, the semiconductors are transparent to the probing light sources, prohibiting the application of TTI. To address this thermal imaging challenge, we utilize an MoS<sub>2</sub> coating as a thermoreflectance enhancement coating that allows for the measurement of the surface temperature of (ultra)wide band-gap materials. The coating consists of a network of MoS<sub>2</sub> nanoflakes with the <i>c</i> axis aligned normal to the surface and is easily removable via sonication. The method is validated using electrical and thermal characterization of GaN and AlGaN devices. We demonstrate that this coating does not measurably influence the electrical performance or the measured operating temperature. A maximum temperature rise of 49 K at 0.59 W was measured within the channel of the AlGaN device, which is over double the maximum temperature rise obtained by measuring the thermoreflectance of the gate metal. The importance of accurately measuring the peak operational temperature is discussed in the context of accelerated stress testing.
From images to maps (2009)

This paper proposes a two-stage approach to reconstruct the map of a scene given tagged photographs of that scene. In the first stage, several methods are proposed that transform tag data from photographs into an intermediate distance matrix. These methods are compared against each other. In the second stage, a method based on the physical mass-spring system is proposed that transforms the distance matrix into a map. It is compared against and outperforms MDS-MAP(P) given human-tagged input photographs. Experiments are carried out on two test datasets. Ana evaluation method is described and the optimal overall reconstruction generates maps with accuracies of 47% and 66% respectively for the datasets, both scoring 40% higher than the average random reconstruction. The proposed approach is applied to three sample datasets, and upon a qualitative inspection, the resulting maps show that they are able to convey the organization of the scenes at a high level.
Assessment of population immunity to measles in Ontario, Canada: a Canadian Immunization Research Network (CIRN) study (2019)

Canada eliminated measles in 1998. We conducted a sero-epidemiology study to estimate population immunity to measles in the province of Ontario, Canada and to identify groups at higher risk of outbreaks. We used a previously developed modified enzyme immunoassay to test 1,199 residual sera from patients aged 1-39 years. We re-tested negative and equivocal sera using a plaque reduction neutralization assay. We interpreted our results in the context of Ontario's immunization program and vaccine coverage data. Of 1,199 sera, 1035 (86.3%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 84.4, 88.2) were above the measles threshold for protection, 70 (5.8%, 95% CI 4.5, 7.2) were equivocal and 94 (7.8%, 95% CI 6.3, 9.4) were negative. The proportion of positive sera was highest for those 1-5 years, with 180/199 (90.5%, 95% CI 86.4, 94.5) positive sera, and lowest for those age 12-19 years, at 158/199 (79.4%, 95% CI 73.8, 85.0). Adjusted for age, females were more likely than males to have antibody titers above the threshold of protection (odds ratio = 1.60, 95% CI 1.14, 2.24). Most of the study cohort were eligible for two measles vaccine doses, and vaccine uptake in Ontario is >90% for school-aged cohorts. We observed a higher than expected proportion of sera with antibody levels below the threshold of protection, suggesting that immunity in some Ontario age-groups may be waning, despite high vaccine coverage. Alternatively, the traditional measles correlates of protection may not be an appropriate measure of population protection in measles-eliminated settings.
The Missing Link in Correlates of Protective Tuberculosis Immunity: Recognizing the Infected Cell (2022)

For most vaccination studies, the assessment of vaccine-induced CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells has relied upon the measurement of antigen-specific polyfunctional cells, typically using recombinant antigen or peptide pools. However, this approach leaves open the question as to whether or not these cells are responsive to the Mtb-infected cell within the context of Mtb infection and hence leaves open the possibility that a key parameter of vaccine immunogenicity may be overlooked. In this review, we discuss the case that these measurements almost certainly over-estimate the capacity of both CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells to recognize the Mtb-infected cell.
Stabilization of Mesoporous Iron Oxide Films against Sintering and Phase Transformations via Atomic Layer Deposition of Alumina and Silica (2018)

Abstract The stabilization of crystal phases and nanostructured morphologies is an essential topic in application‐driven design of mesoporous materials. Many applications, e.g. catalysis, require high temperature and humidity. Typical metal oxides transform under such conditions from a metastable, low crystalline material into a thermodynamically more favorable form, i.e. from ferrihydrite into hematite in the case of iron oxide. The harsh conditions induce also a growth of the crystallites constituting pore walls, which results in sintering and finally collapse of the porous network. Herein, a new method to stabilize mesoporous templated metal oxides against sintering and pore collapse is reported. The method employs atomic layer deposition (ALD) to coat the internal mesopore surface with thin layers of either alumina or silica. The authors demonstrate that silica exerts a very strong influence: It shifts hematite formation from 400 to 600 °C and sintering of hematite from 600 to 900 °C. Differences between the stabilization via alumina and silica are rationalized by a different interaction strength between the ALD material and the ferrihydrite film. The presented approach allows to stabilize mesoporous thin films that require a high crystallization temperature, with submonolayer quantity of an ALD material, and to apply mesoporous materials for high temperature applications.
Identification and characterization of the promoter for the human metastasis suppressor gene nm23-H1. (1996)

The nm23-H1 gene, localized to chromosome 17q21-22, has been demonstrated in transfection experiments to significantly inhibit the metastatic potential of melanoma and breast carcinoma cell lines. In this study, we report the isolation, sequencing and partial characterization of the nm23-H1 promoter. The nm23-H1 promoter has no TATA box, but it contains a number of sequences which may bind known transcriptional regulatory proteins (AP-1, CTF/NF1, ACAAAG, and Ets). We have also identified two nonconsensus transcriptional start sites within one of the Ets binding sites. Nuclear proteins from HeLa cells bound specifically to a 95 bp region of the nm23-H1 promoter which harbors the CTF/NF1 recognition consensus sequence, suggesting that CTF/NF1 may play a role in nm23-H1 expression.
An uncooled CW-WDM MSA compliant multi-wavelength laser source operating from 15-100oC for WDM CMOS applications (2022)

Silicon photonics combined with complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) electronics leveraging wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) are of interest for AI, optical computing, and high-speed Optical IO applications [1,2]. To power these applications, multi-wavelength light sources based on laser arrays [3] or mode locked lasers (MLL) have been proposed and demonstrated [4]. As optical sources mature, the CW-WDM multisource agreement (MSA) has emerged to define a set of wavelength grids and power levels so different applications can leverage a common set of laser technologies [5]. In this paper we demonstrate the first multi-wavelength optical source compliant with the CW-WDM MSA standard that operates from room temperatures through 100&deg;C. The SuperNovaTM outputs 8 wavelengths across 8 fibers for a total of 64 optical carriers and complies with the 8+1 MSA wavelength plan (1 optional wavelength) with channels spaced at 400+/-100 GHz and output power within the Type 2 power class. The optical source is mode hop free with >40dB SMSR, &lt;145 dB/Hz RIN, and &lt;20 MHz linewidth across all channels and all operating conditions.
Privacy-friendly Incentives and their Application to Wikipedia (2010)

Abstract. Double-blind peer review is a powerful method to achieve high quality and thus trustworthiness of user-contributed content. Facilitating such reviews re-quires incentives as well as privacy protection for the reviewers. In this paper, we present the concept of privacy-friendly incentives and discuss the required prop-erties. We then propose a concrete cryptographic realization based on ideas from anonymous e-cash and credential systems. Finally, we report on our software’s integration into the MediaWiki software.