gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metallocalix[4]arene Polymers for Gravimetric Detection of N-Nitrosodialkylamines (2021)

<i>N</i>-Nitrosamines are found in food, drugs, air, water, and soil. They pose a significant risk to human health because of their carcinogenicity; consequently, materials that can be used to selectively and sensitively detect nitrosamines are needed. In this work, we designed and synthesized two polymers bearing calix[4]arene or 4-<i>tert</i>-butylcalix[4]arene tungsten-imido complexes (PCalixH and PCalixtBu) as <i>N</i>-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) receptors. The interaction between metallocalix[4]arene monomers/polymers and NDMA was confirmed by <sup>1</sup>H NMR and IR spectroscopy. Single-crystal X-ray analysis further revealed that the host-guest interaction is based on binding of the terminal oxygen of NDMA to tungsten within the calixarene cavity. Gravimetric detection of NDMA was performed on a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) in air. Both polymers show responses to NDMA, with PCalixtBu exhibiting a low theoretical limit of detection of 5 ppb for NDMA. The sensor also shows high selectivity toward NDMA and moderate humidity tolerance. This work provides a sensitive sensor for detection of NDMA and also offers a class of new, selective, and efficient NDMA receptors for the future design of NDMA sensors and NDMA extraction materials.
Integrating Novel Packaging Technologies for Large Scale Computer Systems (2009)

Proximity Communication (PxC) enables VLSI chips placed face-to-face to communicate using close-field capacitive coupling. In a 90 nm standard CMOS technology, using the packaging techniques described in this paper, PxC provides chip-to-chip latency of 2.5 ns at 4 Gb/s per channel with less than 2.5 mW/Gb/s, an areal bandwidth density of 0.83 Tb/s/mm2, and a BER less than 10−15. At a system level, the benefits of PxC scale directly with the number of chips that can be packaged together, because PxC enables designers to aggregate multiple chips that perform as a single large piece of silicon. The chips can also be heterogeneous to provide an optimized mix of process technology and functionality, such as integrating DRAM chips, NAND flash memory, and CMOS processor chips. In this paper we describe packaging advances and technology prototypes that enable PxC and provide its system-level benefits.
The MURALE project: image-based 3D modeling for Archaeology (2002)

Murale is a European IST project that will develop 3D capture and visualisation technology for archaeology. The project will put special emphasis on the usability on the site, by the archaeologists themselves. The paper describes techniques that are being developed by three of the Murale partners in particular. These comprise two methods to generate 3D models of objects, and approaches to deal with the textures of materials and terrain. Put together with the database and visualisation expertise brought in by the other partners, Murale will not only contribute to the enhanced visualisation of archaeological sites and finds, but also to a faster and more complete documentation of the progress of excavations. The ancient city of Sagalassos, one of the major excavation sites in the eastern part of the Mediterranean, will be used as the primary test site.
High-resolution FluorescenceIn SituHybridization: A New Approach in Genome Mapping (1996)

Mapping of the human genome has been a global effort utilizing both genetic and physical mapping techniques. One approach which has greatly facilitated the physical mapping of the human genome is fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Although FISH is by now a well-established technology, new recently developed modifications have enabled an easier use and higher resolution. The high-resolution FISH techniques have given a special impact in positional cloning: searching the functional gene from a chromosomal area where the gene has been genetically localized. New high-resolution FISH techniques include hybridization of probes to free chromatin, DNA fibres or mechanically stretched chromosomes. These targets have widened the resolution of FISH to detect distances from the traditional cytogenetic resolution level down to a resolution of a few kilobases. They also have significantly speeded up high-resolution physical mapping and thus made the search of new disease genes easier.
Characterization of a Crystalline Silicon Photovoltaic System After 15 Years of Operation in Northern Denmark (2014)

This work investigates the degradation of a polycrystalline PV system, after 15 years of operation in northern Denmark. The performance of the PV system is analysed and compared with datasheet values and to a control PV module from the same batch as the fielded module which was in storage during the 15 years. This analysis is achieved by characterizing the outdoor performance of the PV system, as well as per module basis, by flash testing and electroluminescence imaging, in order to investigate the distribution of the failure modes occurring in PV modules within the PV system. We found that there is no significant Standard Testing Conditions maximum power degradation of the fielded modules compared to the datasheet values or the control module. This could be explained by the temperate climate in northern Denmark, with mild winters and cool summers, when the module operation temperature rarely reaches 60 °C. Furthermore, we measured a decrease of 0.3% to 0.5% in low-light efficiency of the fielded modules compared to the control module, which correlated with a decreased shunt resistance measured for those modules. Electroluminescence images showed no significant cell cracks or breaks, which can be explained by the thicker and smaller cells (11.4 cm x 11.4 cm) manufactured 15 years ago. Some modules which had a decreased low-light efficiency and were closer to the negative potential of the PV string, also showed more severely shunted cells, than those closer to the positive potential, which would indicate the onset of potential-induced degradation. Visual inspection of the modules revealed no significant defects, except some corrosion in the lower aluminium frame of the modules, due to water accumulation.
Hybrid C-to-L Band Fiber Amplifier Module in Parallel Structure (2004)

A hybrid optical fiber amplifier module, which operates in the range from 1520 to 1600 nm, has been proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed amplifier is a three-stage amplifier in cascade with a coupled structure, which includes two erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, and a semiconductor optical amplifier, respectively. Peak gains of 35.4 and 38.1 dB at 1532 and 1568 nm over the operation range can be retrieved when the input signal power is -30 dBm.
Measurement of 24-h continuous human CH4 release in a whole room indirect calorimeter (2023)

We describe the technology and validation of a new whole room indirect calorimeter (WRIC) methodology to quantify volume of methane (VCH<sub>4</sub>) released from the human body over 24 h concurrently with the assessment of energy expenditure and substrate utilization. The new system extends the assessment of energy metabolism by adding CH<sub>4</sub>, a downstream product of microbiome fermentation that could contribute to energy balance. Our new system consists of an established WRIC combined with the addition of off-axis integrated-cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS) to measure CH<sub>4</sub> concentration ([CH<sub>4</sub>]). Development, validation, and reliability of the system included environmental experiments to measure the stability of the atmospheric [CH<sub>4</sub>], infusing CH<sub>4</sub> into the WRIC and human cross-validation studies comparing [CH<sub>4</sub>] quantified by OA-ICOS and mid-infrared dual-comb spectroscopy (MIR DCS).Our infusion data indicated that the system measured 24-h [CH<sub>4</sub>] and VCH<sub>4</sub> with high sensitivity, reliability, and validity. Cross-validation studies showed good agreement between OA-ICOS and MIR DCS technologies (r = 0.979, <i>P</i> < 0.0001). Human data revealed 24-h VCH<sub>4</sub> was highly variable between subjects and within/between days. Finally, our method to quantify VCH<sub>4</sub> released by breath or colon suggested that over 50% of the CH<sub>4</sub> was eliminated through the breath. The method allows, for the first time, measurement of 24-h VCH<sub>4</sub> (in kcal) and therefore the measurement of the proportion of human energy intake fermented to CH<sub>4</sub> by the gut microbiome and released via breath or from the intestine; also, it allows us to track the effects of dietary, probiotic, bacterial, and fecal microbiota transplantation on VCH<sub>4</sub>.<b>NEW & NOTEWORTHY</b> This is the first time that continuous assessment of CH<sub>4</sub> is reported in parallel with measurements of O<sub>2</sub> consumption and CO<sub>2</sub> production inside a whole room indirect calorimeter in humans and over 24 h. We provide a detailed description of the whole system and its parts. We carried out studies of reliability and validity of the whole system and its parts. CH<sub>4</sub> is released in humans during daily activities.
ChemInform Abstract: KOMPLEXE DER ALKOXIDE VON NIOB(V) UND TANTAL(V) 2. MITT. MOLEKULARE DYNAMIK (1973)

Abstract Die Komplexe (I) stehen mit den Dimeren (II) und den freien Liganden L in Lösung in einem schnellen dynamischen Gleichgewicht.
Coupled States in Dinitrofluorene: Relationships between Ground State and Excited State Mixed Valence (2014)

The electronic absorption spectrum of 9,9-dimethyl-2,7-dinitrofluorene radical anion in HMPA displays both a NIR intervalence charge transfer and a visible excited state mixed valence transition. These transitions contain a similar vibronic progression resulting from molecular orbitals that are common to both transitions. Vibrational frequency and intensity data are acquired from the resonance Raman spectrum and used to calculate a best fit for the absorption spectrum. The normal coordinate distortions are analyzed in terms of the electronic changes for both transitions to explain their similarity. The Raman scattering intensity decreases at lower excitation wavelength as a result of Raman de-enhancement caused by interference between neighboring excited states.
Study of Turbulence Induced Orbital Angular Momentum Channel Crosstalk in a 1.6km Free-Space Optical Link (2015)

We experimentally study the turbulence induced crosstalk between orbital angular momentum channels transmitted over a 1.6 km optical link. Our presented results indicate that turbulence mitigation techniques will be required for links of this length.
Trajectory Planning with Shadow Trolleys for an Autonomous Vehicle on Bending Roads and Switchbacks (2018)

In automated driving, the road geometry information such as waypoints is usually available from previously stored maps. In this paper, we present a scenario based Model Predictive Control (MPC) trajectory planning algorithm that consists of spatial planning with embedded temporal optimization that leverages waypoints information of the road. Our trajectory planning algorithm is structured such that the spatial and temporal planning is integrated so that both the longitudinal and lateral aspects, reflected in the shape and length of the planned trajectory, are dynamically changing to best negotiate the constraints from road curvature and surrounding vehicles. The concept of a vehicle connected to shadow trolleys traveling along the rails on the road is introduced. Given waypoints, a reference cubic spline can be constructed to define the rail for trolleys and form a curvilinear coordinate. This concept facilitates the description of vehicle motion, trajectories, and surroundings with respect to the trolley, which is especially convenient for a vehicle traveling on high curvature road and switchbacks. A temporal optimization of the trolley instances is first conducted, which in turn allows us to make a proper approximation and reduce an originally complex nonlinear spatial-temporal optimization problem into one that requires only Quadratic Programming (QP). We present simulation results of various challenging scenarios on complex road geometry with multiple surrounding vehicles of varying behavior to demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm. Simulation results show reasonable, flexible, and safe maneuvers.
Amphiphilic (2016)

In the past, aggregation and self-assembly have been associated principally with micellar and colloidal systems of molecules; however, with the advent of supramolecular chemistry, molecular self-assembly has been opened to a much wider understanding that has facilitated access to a variety of different shapes and sizes, along with the construction of new and fascinating molecular topologies. This document aims at defining more than 150 terms related to aggregation and self-assembly in the particular case of macromolecules. The list is restricted to the most commonly encountered terms.
Figure S4 from Neuregulin 1 Allosterically Enhances the Antitumor Effects of the Noncompeting Anti-HER3 Antibody 9F7-F11 by Increasing Its Binding to HER3 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Fig.S4. High NRG1 level does not affect 9F7-F11-mediated inhibition of cell signaling, whereas it reduces the effect of the ligand-competing anti-HER3 antibody H4B-121. In pancreatic cancer cells, 9F7-F11 and ch9F7-F11 inhibit in a dose-dependent manner NRG1-induced signaling more efficiently than H4B-121. BxPC3 cells were pre-stimulated with 1nM or 100nM NRG1 for 5min, before adding antibodies at various concentrations for another 25min. After cell lysis, the expression levels of phosphorylated AKT (S473) and ERK1/2 (T202/T204) were quantified by HTRF. The TR-FRET signal (665 nm/620 nm emission ratio) was measured on a Pherastar FS reader and data are shown relative to 100% phosphorylation in NRG1-stimulated cells without antibody treatment (M).&lt;/p&gt;
Au(I)- and Pt(II)-Catalyzed Cycloetherification of ω-Hydroxy Propargylic Esters (2008)

Depending on the nature of the metal catalyst, omega-hydroxy propargylic acetates choose between alternative cycloetherification manifolds to produce functionalized heterocycles in high yields. AuCl catalyzes the formation of oxacyclic enol acetates, whereas [Cl(2)Pt(CH(2)CH(2))]2 (Zeise's dimer) will induce a propargylic substitution via an unprecedented S(N)2'-type allenic substitution from within a chelated square planar cationic Pt(II) complex.
Attenuation of cue-induced smoking urges and brain reward activity in smokers treated successfully with bupropion (2009)

Twenty-two regular smokers (15+ cigarettes per day) were treated with bupropion and group therapy for 2 months. Subjects underwent positron emission tomography (PET) studies using measures of brain global and regional glucose metabolism (regional cerebral metabolic rates of glucose [rCMRglc]) with [18F]-Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) twice, after watching a videotape showing smoking scenes and after watching a control movie in counter-balanced order. A questionnaire of smoking urges (QSU) was filled in before and after watching both the movies. Changes in brain metabolic rates of FDG were analysed using Statistical Parametric Maps (SPM 2) in 11 smokers who abstained from smoking in comparison with 11 smokers who continued to smoke during the second month of treatment. Still-smokers had higher craving scores after watching the videotape showing smoking scenes compared with non-smokers. Second, watching the videotape showing smoking scenes compared with the control videotape in still-smokers resulted in increased metabolic rates in the striatum, thalamus and midbrain. Third, the ratings of the urge to smoke cigarettes while watching the videotape showing smoking scenes in still-smokers were associated with brain metabolic activity in the ventral striatum, anterior cingulate, orbitofrontal cortex, middle temporal lobe, hippocampus, insula, midbrain and thalamus. In conclusion, successfully treated smokers showed attenuated craving and reduced activity in the mesolimbic reward circuit.
Toll-like receptor signaling in transplantation (2008)

The consequences of Toll-like receptor engagement by endogenous and exogenous ligands in transplantation may depend on the relative induction of inflammatory and regulatory pathways and the stage of development of the immune system.
Simulating drug concentrations in PDMS microfluidic organ chips (2021)

Microfluidic organ-on-a-chip (Organ Chip) cell culture devices are often fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) because it is biocompatible, transparent, elastomeric, and oxygen permeable; however, hydrophobic small molecules can absorb to PDMS, which makes it challenging to predict drug responses. Here, we describe a combined simulation and experimental approach to predict the spatial and temporal concentration profile of a drug under continuous dosing in a PDMS Organ Chip containing two parallel channels separated by a porous membrane that is lined with cultured cells, without prior knowledge of its log <i>P</i> value. First, a three-dimensional finite element model of drug loss into the chip was developed that incorporates absorption, adsorption, convection, and diffusion, which simulates changes in drug levels over time and space as a function of potential PDMS diffusion coefficients and log <i>P</i> values. By then experimentally measuring the diffusivity of the compound in PDMS and determining its partition coefficient through mass spectrometric analysis of the drug concentration in the channel outflow, it is possible to estimate the effective log <i>P</i> range of the compound. The diffusion and partition coefficients were experimentally derived for the antimalarial drug and potential SARS-CoV-2 therapeutic, amodiaquine, and incorporated into the model to quantitatively estimate the drug-specific concentration profile over time measured in human lung airway chips lined with bronchial epithelium interfaced with pulmonary microvascular endothelium. The same strategy can be applied to any device geometry, surface treatment, or <i>in vitro</i> microfluidic model to simulate the spatial and temporal gradient of a drug in 3D without prior knowledge of the partition coefficient or the rate of diffusion in PDMS. Thus, this approach may expand the use of PDMS Organ Chip devices for various forms of drug testing.
Fault Tolerant Consensus for Vehicle State Estimation: A Cyber-Physical Approach (2019)

A novel cyber physical method is proposed and experimentally verified for reliable distributed estimation of vehicle longitudinal velocity, robustly to road friction condition variations. In this method, the vehicle speed estimated at each of the four corners of the vehicle, using a linear parameter-varying observer in the physical layer, and speed data measured by a conventional low-cost GPS are incorporated in a distributed structure (in the cyber layer) to enhance the reliability of the estimate. The method minimizes a cost function quantizing the effect of disturbances on each corner's estimation and adversaries due to occasional GPS signal drops. A fault-tolerant estimation policy is integrated to deal with large deviations in corner estimations, which have unexpectedly high levels of confidence. The main advantages of the proposed method are increased reliability on various road surface conditions and robustness to faults, as confirmed by road tests. Several experimental tests, including lane change and low-excitation maneuvers, with various powertrain configurations on dry and slippery roads demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Hybrid In-Network Query Processing Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks (2011)

Existing in-network query processing techniques are categorized as approximation and aggregation based approaches, where the former achieves lower network traffic at the expense of query response accuracy, whereas the later reduces query response inaccuracy by executing queries at the actual sensor nodes which necessitates the overhead of query specific sensor selection mechanism. In this paper, we propose a hybrid query processing framework that combines the advantages of both the approximation and aggregation based techniques and avoids their limitations. In our approach, we construct a hierarchical probabilistic data model representing the overall sensor data characteristics across the network, which is query independent and is later used for selecting sensor nodes to process user queries. Experimental results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed framework compared to contemporary approximation and aggregation based query processing techniques.
Transoral robotic surgery: does the ends justify the means? (2009)

Although the present literature reports early findings, without long-term oncologic outcomes, the results are consistently encouraging. Training programs have already yielded successes. Indeed, multiple institutions have shown that transoral robotic surgery programs can be successfully established yielding excellent clinical outcomes. In addition, early studies of swallowing function following transoral robotic surgery show swallowing outcomes that are superior to some of the reported chemoradiation results for equivalent lesions.
NXDOMAIN really means there is nothing underneath (2015)

This document states clearly that when a DNS resolver receives a
response with response code NXDOMAIN, it means that the name in the
question section AND ALL THE NAMES UNDER IT do not exist. REMOVE
BEFORE PUBLICATION: this document should be discussed in the IETF
DNSOP (DNS Operations) group, through its mailing list. The source of
the document, as well as a list of open issues, is currently kept at
Github [1].
Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Deliver Peptide Antigen into Dendritic Cells and Enhance IgG Responses to Tumor-Associated Antigens (2011)

We studied the feasibility of using single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) as antigen carriers to improve immune responses to peptides that are weak immunogens, a characteristic typical of human tumor antigens. Binding and presentation of peptide antigens by the MHC molecules of antigen presenting cells (APCs) is essential to mounting an effective immune response. The Wilm's tumor protein (WT1) is upregulated in many human leukemias and cancers and several vaccines directed at this protein are in human clinical trials. WT1 peptide 427 induces human CD4 T cell responses in the context of multiple human HLA-DR.B1 molecules, but the peptide has a poor binding affinity to BALB/c mouse MHC class II molecules. We used novel, spectrally quantifiable chemical approaches to covalently append large numbers of peptide ligands (0.4 mmol/g) onto solubilized SWNT scaffolds. Peptide-SWNT constructs were rapidly internalized into professional APCs (dendritic cells and macrophages) within minutes in vitro, in a dose dependent manner. Immunization of BALB/c mice with the SWNT-peptide constructs mixed with immunological adjuvant induced specific IgG responses against the peptide, while the peptide alone or peptide mixed with the adjuvant did not induce such a response. The conjugation of the peptide to SWNT did not enhance the peptide-specific CD4 T cell response in human and mouse cells, in vitro. The solubilized SWNTs alone were nontoxic in vitro, and we did not detect antibody responses to SWNT in vivo. These results demonstrated that SWNTs are able to serve as antigen carriers for delivery into APCs to induce humoral immune responses against weak tumor antigens.