gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Keynote address: A trillion photos (2012)

Summary form only given. Collectively, we take upwards of a trillion photos each year. These images together comprise a nearly complete visual record of the world's people, places, things and events. However, this record is massively disorganized, unlabeled, and untapped. This talk explores ways of transforming this massive, unorganized photo collection into reconstructions and visualizations of the world's sites, cities, and people. After a brief recap of our work on Photosynth and reconstructing Rome, I will present new work on matching, reconstructing, and browsing people from large photo collections.
Role of Caspases in N‐Methyl‐d‐Aspartate‐Induced Apoptosis in Cerebrocortical Neurons (1998)

Overactivation of glutamate receptors mediates neuronal death in several acute and chronic neurodegenerative diseases. The intracellular processes underlying this form of death, however, remain poorly understood. Depending on the severity of insult, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation induces either apoptosis or necrosis. Cysteine proteases related to interleukin-1beta-converting enzyme (ICE), recently termed caspases, appear necessary for neuronal apoptosis in vivo and in vitro. To determine whether caspases play a role in NMDA-induced apoptosis, we used two functionally distinct approaches to decrease substrate cleavage by caspases. One is a novel peptide (V-ICEinh) that contains the caspase catalytic site and acts as a pseudoenzyme that binds caspase substrates and prevents their cleavage. The other is a pseudosubstrate peptide (Z-VAD x fmk) that inhibits caspase activity. Pretreatment with either V-ICEinh or Z-VAD-fmk protects cerebrocortical neurons from NMDA-induced apoptosis, suggesting a role for caspases in NMDA-induced apoptosis. To explore the signaling pathways involved, we looked at the effects of NMDA receptor activation on Ca2+ influx, production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential, and lipid peroxidation. Neither NMDA-induced Ca2+ influx nor the initial collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential could be prevented by pretreatment with V-ICEinh or Z-VAD x fmk. In contrast, ROS formation and lipid peroxidation were completely blocked by both V-ICEinh and Z-VAD x fmk. Taken together, our results suggest that Ca2+ influx and mitochondrial depolarization occur upstream from caspase activation, whereas ROS formation and lipid peroxidation may be downstream events in the cascade leading to cortical neuronal apoptosis.
Dry Ex Situ Cleaning Processes for  ( 0001 ) Si 6H‐SiC Surfaces (1999)

A completely dry ex situ cleaning process based on oxidation and HF vapor exposure for removal of residual C and oxide, respectively, from [the silicon‐terminated surface of SiC] 6H‐SiC surfaces to levels equivalent to or better than conventional wet chemical ex situ processing has been demonstrated. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) of surfaces exposed to UV‐generated ozone revealed the formation of carbon and silicon oxides, as indicated by the broad Si‐O Si 2p peak at 102.4 eV (full width at half‐maximum = 2.1 eV) and a shift in the surface C 1s peak from 283.6 to 284.2 eV, respectively. Evidence for a reduction in the amount of surface C was shown by an increase in the ratio of the SiC C peak to the surface C peak from 0.8 to 2.7 after the treatment. Removal of the silicon oxide via exposure to the vapor from a 10:1 buffered HF solution was indicated by the absence (below the XPS detection limit) of the Si‐O Si 2p peak at 102.4 eV. However, this last process results in a F‐terminated surface. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Multi-stage adaptive predistortion of HPA saturation effects for digital television transmission (1999)

This paper presents a new structure for adaptive predistortion of the memoryless, nonlinear saturation effects caused by high power amplifiers (HPA). Timely compensation for HPA distortions is critical for cost-effective prevention of the cliff effect during terrestrial transmission of digital broadcast television. The new structure results from a two-stage approach: The forward model is identified first from measured data, and then the inverse to the forward model is computed. Replacing the analog system by the HPA forward model in the second stage eliminates measurement noise and analog system delays, resulting in faster adaptation and less solution bias. Additionally, block processing reduces noise in the forward modeling stage. In the inverse modeling stage, the use of synthetic data and a closed form expression for the gradient result in more efficient convergence and more accurate solutions. Simulation results using measured HPA data demonstrate an average 5 dB improvement in SINAD for standard SNR operating ranges.
Category-Based Deep CCA for Fine-Grained Venue Discovery From Multimodal Data (2018)

In this work, travel destinations and business locations are taken as venues. Discovering a venue by a photograph is very important for visual context-aware applications. Unfortunately, few efforts paid attention to complicated real images such as venue photographs generated by users. Our goal is fine-grained venue discovery from heterogeneous social multimodal data. To this end, we propose a novel deep learning model, category-based deep canonical correlation analysis. Given a photograph as input, this model performs: 1) exact venue search (find the venue where the photograph was taken) and 2) group venue search (find relevant venues that have the same category as the photograph), by the cross-modal correlation between the input photograph and textual description of venues. In this model, data in different modalities are projected to a same space via deep networks. Pairwise correlation (between different modality data from the same venue) for exact venue search and category-based correlation (between different modality data from different venues with the same category) for group venue search are jointly optimized. Because a photograph cannot fully reflect rich text description of a venue, the number of photographs per venue in the training phase is increased to capture more aspects of a venue. We build a new venue-aware multimodal data set by integrating Wikipedia featured articles and Foursquare venue photographs. Experimental results on this data set confirm the feasibility of the proposed method. Moreover, the evaluation over another publicly available data set confirms that the proposed method outperforms state of the arts for cross-modal retrieval between image and text.
Functional Epicardial Conduction Disturbances Due to a SCN5A Variant Associated With Brugada Syndrome (2023)

This study demonstrates for the first time that SCD associated with a Brugada-SCN5A variant can be caused by localized functionally, not structurally, impaired conduction.
Linearity Analysis of High-Voltage RF Switches for Antenna Tuning Applications (2021)

An analysis describing nonlinearities in shunt aperture tuning radio frequency (RF) switches operating in OFF-state is presented in this article. The focus is put on the analysis of second- and third-order nonlinear products and their power distribution as a function of geometry of high-voltage (HV) field-effect-transistor (FET)-based RF switch. According to the results of analysis, the third-order nonlinear product can be reduced by 6 dB at the expense of 4.1 dB increase in the second-order product by doubling the stack size and transistor width used in the switch. The analytical findings are verified with measurements for which two integrated circuits (ICs) were designed and manufactured in Infineon 130-nm RF switch technology. The experiment demonstrated reasonable hardware-to-model correlation, showing around +8 and −7 dB difference in second and third harmonic and intermodulation (IM) products between high-voltage (HV) and low-voltage (LV) RF switches, respectively.
Detection of Tumor Necrosis Factor Soluble Receptor p55 in Blood Samples from Healthy and Endotoxemic Humans (1993)

The tumor necrosis factor (TNF) soluble receptor derived from the cell surface p55 TNF receptor (TNFsRp55) is a naturally occurring substance generated during infection and inflammation. TNFsRp55 inhibits biologic effects of TNF. An RIA was developed to quantitate TNFsRp55 in human blood. Recovery of TNFsRp55 from blood anticoagulated with EDTA was optimal compared with recovery from serum or heparinized plasma. TNF did not interfere with the assay. With the RIA based on radiolabeled nonglycosylated Escherichia coli-derived recombinant TNFsRp55, a mean concentration of 198 ± 15 pg/ml, was found in 14 volunteers. When glycosylated CHO cell-derived TNFsRp55 was used, the mean level was 1656 ± 95 pg/ml.. Infusion of endotoxin into volunteers induced TNFsRp55, which peaked at 517 ± 99 pg/rnl, for the E. coli-based RIA and 7300 ± 1810 pg/ml, for the CHO cell-based RIA. These findings demonstrate that blood collected in EDTA is optimal for measuring circulating TNFsRp55 and that this soluble receptor is present in health but elevated during endotoxemia.
Directing tissue regeneration via hyaluronic acid hydrogel scaffolds (2003)

Comprehensive regeneration therapies should provide a bioactive, degradable support structure as well as promote the ingrowth of new blood vessels and nerves. The ultimate goal of our research is to synthesize a biomimetic tissue engineering hydrogel that will promote rapid incorporation of the scaffold with the host's vascular and nervous systems. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a naturally occurring non-immunogenic polymer, is inherently angiogenic and involved with neural development and regeneration. HA presents unique advantages due to its ease of production and modification, hydrophilic and nonadhesive character, natural biodegradation and prominent role in scar-free wound healing. Therefore, the aim of the research presented here is to utilize HA's distinctive advantages to create a novel scaffold suitable for supporting angiogenesis and neurite outgrowth. We have chemically modified HA with methacrylate groups and used photo-initiated polymerization to synthesize cross-linked HA hydrogels, resulting in a selection of materials that span a range of physiochemical and biochemical properties. In vitro and in vivo studies have been used to assess the hydrogels' potential to support angiogenesis and nerve repair. Finally, we seek to modify HA's non-adhesiveness through the addition of bioactive sequences to tune the specific cellular responses to the material.
Machine learning-assisted fluoroscopy of bladder function in awake mice (2022)

Understanding the lower urinary tract (LUT) and development of highly needed novel therapies to treat LUT disorders depends on accurate techniques to monitor LUT (dys)function in preclinical models. We recently developed videocystometry in rodents, which combines intravesical pressure measurements with X-ray-based fluoroscopy of the LUT, allowing the in vivo analysis of the process of urine storage and voiding with unprecedented detail. Videocystometry relies on the precise contrast-based determination of the bladder volume at high temporal resolution, which can readily be achieved in anesthetized or otherwise motion-restricted mice but not in awake and freely moving animals. To overcome this limitation, we developed a machine-learning method, in which we trained a neural network to automatically detect the bladder in fluoroscopic images, allowing the automatic analysis of bladder filling and voiding cycles based on large sets of time-lapse fluoroscopic images (>3 hr at 30 images/s) from behaving mice and in a noninvasive manner. With this approach, we found that urethane, an injectable anesthetic that is commonly used in preclinical urological research, has a profound, dose-dependent effect on urethral relaxation and voiding duration. Moreover, both in awake and in anesthetized mice, the bladder capacity was decreased ~fourfold when cystometry was performed acutely after surgical implantation of a suprapubic catheter. Our findings provide a paradigm for the noninvasive, in vivo monitoring of a hollow organ in behaving animals and pinpoint important limitations of the current gold standard techniques to study the LUT in mice.
Increased acid sphingomyelinase levels in pediatric patients with obesity (2022)

The level of secretory acid sphingomyelinase (S-ASM), a key enzyme in the sphingolipid metabolism, is elevated in a variety of human diseases, including in the serum of obese adults. Alterations in S-ASM were also found to induce morphological changes in erythrocytes. Consequently, the inhibition of S-ASM by functional Inhibitors of ASM (FIASMA) may have broad clinical implications. The purpose of this study was to assess S-ASM activity in pediatric patients with obesity and healthy matched controls, as well as to investigate the erythrocyte morphology using transmission electron microscopy. We recruited 46 obese patients (mean age 11 ± 2.9 years) and 44 controls (mean age 10.8 ± 2.9 years). S-ASM activity was significantly higher (Wilcoxon signed-rank test p-value: 0.004) in obese patients (mean 396.4 ± 49.7 pmol/ml/h) than in controls (mean 373.7 ± 23.1 pmol/ml/h). No evidence of morphological differences in erythrocytes was found between the two populations. We then carried out a case-control study based on the spontaneous reporting system database to compare FIASMAs with NON-FIASMAs in terms of weight gain risk. Children who received FIASMA had a significantly lower frequency of weight gain reports than patients who took NON-FIASMA agents (p < 0.001). Our findings suggest there is an intriguing possibility that S-ASM may play a role in pediatric obesity. This pilot study could serve as the basis for future studies in this interesting field of research.
Comparison of the Sulfonamide Inhibition Profiles of the α-Carbonic Anhydrase Isoforms (SpiCA1, SpiCA2 and SpiCA3) Encoded by the Genome of the Scleractinian Coral Stylophora pistillata (2019)

The ubiquitous metalloenzymes carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) are responsible for the reversible hydration of CO₂ to bicarbonate (HCO₃<sup>-</sup>) and protons (H⁺). Bicarbonate may subsequently generate carbonate used in many functional activities by marine organisms. CAs play a crucial role in several physiological processes, e.g., respiration, inorganic carbon transport, intra and extra-cellular pH regulation, and bio-mineralization. Multiple transcript variants and protein isoforms exist in the organisms. Recently, 16 α-CA isoforms have been identified in the coral <i>Stylophora pistillata</i>. Here, we focalized the interest on three coral isoforms: SpiCA1 and SpiCA2, localized in the coral-calcifying cells; and SpiCA3, expressed in the cytoplasm of the coral cell layers. The three recombinant enzymes were heterologously expressed and investigated for their inhibition profiles with sulfonamides and sulfamates. The three coral CA isoforms differ significantly in their susceptibility to inhibition with sulfonamides. This study provides new insights into the coral physiology and the comprehension of molecular mechanisms involved in the bio-mineralization processes, since CAs interact with bicarbonate transporters, accelerating the trans-membrane bicarbonate movement and modulating the pH at both sides of the plasma membranes.
MHC-restriction, cytokine profile, and immunoregulatory effects of human T cells specific for TCR V? CDR2 peptides: Comparison with myelin basic protein-specific T cells (1996)

HLA-DR2+ patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) that respond to vaccination with TCR V beta 5.2-38-58 peptides have increased frequencies of TCR peptide-specific T cells, reduced frequencies of myelin basic protein (MBP)-specific T cells, and a better clinical course than non-responders. To evaluate possible network regulation of MBP responses by TCR peptide-specific T cells, we compared properties of both cell types. Both MBP- and TCR peptide-specific T cell clones were CD4+ and predominantly HLA-DR restricted. HLA-DR2, which is in linkage disequilibrium in MS patients, preferentially restricted TCR peptide-specific clones as well as MBP-specific responses in HLA-DR2 and DR2,3+ donors. Within the DR2 haplotype, however, both DR beta 1*1501 and DR beta 5*0101 alleles could restrict T cell responses to V beta CDR2 peptides, whereas responses to MBP were restricted only by DR beta 5*0101. TCR peptide-specific clones expressed message for Th2 cytokines, including IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, and TGF-beta, whereas MBP-specific T cell clones expressed the Th1 cytokines IFN-gamma and IL-2. Consistent with the Th2-like cytokine profile, TCR peptide-specific T cell clones expressed higher levels of CD30 than MBP-specific T cells. Culture supernatants from TCR peptide-specific T cell clones, but not from MBP- or Herpes simplex virus-specific T cells, inhibited both proliferation responses and cytokine message production of MBP-specific T cells. These results demonstrate distinct properties of MBP and TCR peptide-specific T cells, and indicate that both target and bystander Th1 cells can be inhibited by Th2 cytokines secreted by activated TCR peptide-specific T cells. These data support the rationale for TCR peptide vaccination to regulate pathogenic responses mediated by oligoclonal T cells in human autoimmune diseases.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Synthesis of trans‐β,y‐Unsaturated α‐Keto Amides. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Accuracy and reliability of a low-cost, handheld 3D imaging system for child anthropometry (2018)

The usefulness of anthropometry to define childhood malnutrition is undermined by poor measurement quality, which led to calls for new measurement approaches. We evaluated the ability of a 3D imaging system to correctly measure child stature (length or height), head circumference and arm circumference. In 2016-7 we recruited and measured children at 20 facilities in and around metro Atlanta, Georgia, USA; including at daycare, higher education, religious, and medical facilities. We selected recruitment sites to reflect a generally representative population of Atlanta and to oversample newborns and children under two years of age. Using convenience sampling, a total of 474 children 0-5 years of age who were apparently healthy and who were present at the time of data collection were included in the analysis. Two anthropometrists each took repeated manual measures and repeated 3D scans of each child. We evaluated the reliability and accuracy of 3D scan-derived measurements against manual measurements. The mean child age was 26 months, and 48% of children were female. Based on reported race and ethnicity, the sample was 42% Black, 28% White, 8% Asian, 21% multiple races, other or race not reported; and 16% Hispanic. Measurement reliability of repeated 3D scans was within 1 mm of manual measurement reliability for stature, head circumference and arm circumference. We found systematic bias when analyzing accuracy-on average 3D imaging overestimated stature and head circumference by 6 mm and 3 mm respectively, and underestimated arm circumference by 2 mm. The 3D imaging system used in this study is reliable, low-cost, portable, and can handle movement; making it ideal for use in routine nutritional assessment. However, additional research, particularly on accuracy, and further development of the scanning and processing software is needed before making policy and clinical practice recommendations on the routine use of 3D imaging for child anthropometry.
The SPICA-SAFARI Detector System: TES Detector Arrays With Frequency-Division Multiplexed SQUID Readout (2011)

The SAFARI instrument is a far-infrared imaging Fourier transform spectrometer for JAXA's SPICA mission. Taking advantage of the low emission of SPICA's 5 K telescope, SAFARI will provide sky background-limited, Nyquist-sampled spectroscopic imaging of a 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">'</sup> × 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">'</sup> field-of-view over 34-210 μm, creating significant new possibilities for far-infrared astronomy. SAFARI's aggressive science goals drive the development of a unique detector system combining large-format Transition Edge Sensor arrays and frequency division multiplexed SQUID readout with a high 160x multiplexing factor. The detectors and their cold readout electronics are packaged into 3 focal plane arrays that will be integrated into SAFARI's focal plane unit. Here we present the preliminary system design and current development status of the SAFARI detector system.
CdTe/sub 1-x/S/sub x/ absorber layers for thin-film CdTe/CdS solar cells (2002)

Fabrication of high efficiency superstrate CdTe/CdS solar cells results in diffusion of CdS into the CdTe layer. Control of this diffusion is critical for processing cells with ultra-thin CdS layers. Two approaches are presented for retarding the diffusion of CdS into the CdTe-based absorber layer during chloride treatment of superstrate thin-film CdTe/CdS solar cells. One approach utilizes as-deposited CdTe/sub 1-x/S/sub x/ alloy absorber layers with x near the thermodynamic limit of CdS-CdTe alloys to reduce the driving force for CdS diffusion. The second approach employs an anneal at T>550/spl deg/C prior to chloride heat treatment to reduce diffusion pathways near the absorber-window layer interface. X-ray diffraction, optical, and quantum efficiency measurements were used to quantify changes in CdS thickness and absorber layer composition.
CXCL12-CXCR4 Axis in Angiogenesis, Metastasis and Stem Cell Mobilization (2010)

Chemokines are key players in the attraction and activation of leukocytes and are thus implicated in the recruitment of immune cells at sites of infection and/or inflammation. They exert their action by binding to seven-transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors. The chemokine stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1)/CXCL12 represents the single natural ligand for the chemokine receptor CXCR4. CXCL12 possesses angiogenic properties and is involved in the outgrowth and metastasis of CXCR4-expressing tumors and in certain inflammatory autoimmune disorders, such as rheumatoid arthritis. CXCR4 expression on tumor cells is upregulated by hypoxia and angiogenic factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). CXCR4 also acts as a co-receptor for entry of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in CD4(+) T cells. Finally, CXCL12/CXCR4 interactions were shown to play an important role in the migration of hematopoietic stem cells and their progenitors from, and their retention within, the bone marrow, a site characterized by high CXCL12 expression. As such, CXCR4 inhibitors may be utilized to inhibit HIV-1 infection, tumor growth and metastasis and to mobilize hematopoietic stem cells from the bone marrow in the circulation, where they can be collected for autologous stem cell transplantation. Here, we discuss the different aspects of CXCL12/CXCR4 biology as well as the development and anti-cancer/stem cell mobilizing activity of CXCR4 antagonists.