gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binaural positioning system for wearable augmented reality audio (2004)

Microphone arrays have been traditionally used for locating sound sources. In this scenario, the array is assumed to be static and the sound sources may be static or moving. If, on the other hand, the sound source or sources are assumed to be static and a user is wearing a microphone array, the exact position and orientation of the user can be solved. We propose a method for binaural positioning of a user based on binaural microphones and known external anchor sources placed in the environment of a user. We demonstrate that a user's location and orientation can be tracked, in many cases very accurately even if the anchor sound is at a low level and there are distracting sources in the environment.
An investigation on reorientation and textural evolution in a martensitic NiTi rolled sheet using EBSD (2022)

Variant reorientation is a ubiquitous phenomenon in shape memory alloys and has a great influence on their texture and mechanical response. In the present study, a martensitic NiTi rolled sheet is investigated by the electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) technique; the variant reorientation and texture evolution are followed during bending. The initial weak texture components of martensite evolve by reorientation toward a strong texture around [1¯04]M and a weak one around [1¯12]M. The initial laths are transformed into blocks made of one or two variants. The EBSD maps were analyzed with the Interaction Work (IW) criterion associated with (a) the individual variant and (b) habit plane variants (a combination of two distortion variants). Compared with the experimental results, the prediction given with individual variant fits better than with the habit plane variants. An empirical quantification of the threshold on interaction work (IW) permits to rationalize and predict the variant pairs formed by the reorientation and their numbers in the blocks. A critical influence of the pre-texture of the parent B2 grains on the final texture and on the number of variants per block was revealed. This study could give insights into the mechanical response of the NiTi alloys with various textures during tensile and fatigue tests.
Six molecular patterns leading to hemophilia A phenotype in 18 females from Poland (2020)

Every case of female hemophilia warrants full genomic diagnostics, as this may change the diagnosis or reveal broader morbidity than a coagulation disorder (Turner syndrome, androgen insensitivity, or cardiovascular morbidity that we described previously in a SHAM syndrome carrier).
T regulatory cells to prevent autoimmune diabetes and promote islet allograft survival in NOD mice (2011)

Aims/hypothesis A new differentiation pathway for CD4 � CD8 � (DN) T cells has recently been identified that exhibits the potent function of peripheral converted DN T cells in suppressing immune responses and provides the potential to treat autoimmune diseases. The aim of this study was to determine if the DN T cells converted from CD4 + T cells of NOD mice retain the antigen-specific regulatory capacity and prevent autoimmune diabetes in vivo. We also sought to determine if the combination of DN T cells with rapamycin promotes islet allograft survival in autoimmune diabetic NOD recipients. Methods NOD CD4 + T cells were converted to DN T cells in an in vitro mixed-lymphocyte reaction, with or without GAD65 peptide, as previously reported. The antigenspecific DN T cells were adoptively transferred to NOD/ SCID mice, new-onset diabetic NOD mice or islet
Mesenchymal Stem Cell Insights: Prospects in Hematological Transplantation (2013)

Adult stem cells have been proven to possess tremendous potential in the treatment of hematological disorders, possibly in transplantation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a heterogeneous group of cells in culture, with hypoimmunogenic character to avoid alloreactive T-cell recognition as well as inhibition of T-cell proliferation. Numerous experimental findings have shown that MSCs also possess the ability to promote engraftment of donor cells and to accelerate the speed of hematological recovery. Despite that the exact mechanism remains unclear, the therapeutic ability of MSCs on hematologic transplantation have been tested in preclinical trials. Based on encouraging preliminary findings, MSCs might become a potentially efficacious tool in the therapeutic options available to treat and cure hematological malignancies and nonmalignant disorders. The molecular mechanisms behind the real efficacy of MSCs on promoting engraftment and accelerating hematological recovery are awaiting clarification. It is hypothesized that direct cell-to-cell contact, paracrine factors, extracellular matrix scaffold, BM homing capability, and endogenous metabolites of immunologic and nonimmunologic elements are involved in the interactions between MSCs and HSCs. This review focuses on recent experimental and clinical findings related to MSCs, highlighting their roles in promoting engraftment, hematopoietic recovery, and GvHD/graft rejection prevention after HSCT, discussing the potential clinical applications of MSC-based treatment strategies in the context of hematological transplantation.
Wafer temperature measurements during dielectric etching in a MERIE etcher (2002)

Using both chemical phase change and wireless thermistor temperature measurement techniques, wafer temperatures were measured during plasma processing in a MERIE dielectric etch tool. An inorganic low-k dielectric etch process was studied first, and many parameters were varied to determine their effect on wafer temperature. Wafer temperature rose rapidly when the plasma was turned on, approaching a stable temperature after about 30 s. When the lower electrode temperature setpoint or the rf power setting was increased, wafer temperature increased linearly. Wafer temperature decreased as backside He cooling pressure was increased. A dual-zone electrostatic chuck allowed separate control of center and edge He pressure, and these pressures were varied individually or together. Temperature measurements indicated that the zones give reasonably independent control of center and edge wafer temperature. Wafer temperature throughout a complete organic low-k dielectric stack etch process was also measured.
Visual Perception for Humanoid Robots: Environmental Recognition and Localization, from Sensor Signals to Reliable 6D Poses (2018)

Introduction.- State-of-the-Art.- World Model Representation.- Methods for Robust and Accurate Image Acquisition.- Environmental Visual Object Recognition.- Visual Uncertainty Model of Depth Estimation.- Global Visual Localization.- Conclusion and Future Work.- Bibliography.
The Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT) (2020)

The Global Alliance for iPSC Therapies (GAiT) is a new initiative to support the implementation and clinical application of therapies derived from pluripotent stem cells to the benefit of patients globally. GAiT's mission is to serve as a central, international resource for those organisations developing therapies from clinical-grade induced pluripotent stem cells, and to support the expansion of this nascent field. With the support of its international partners, GAiT already has an early position on manufacturing, regulatory and quality standards. This article details GAiT's development, its mission and structure, as well as how, and by whom, it is funded. The article ends with brief overview of current and upcoming activities.
A Genome-wide Haploid Genetic Screen Identifies Regulators of Glutathione Abundance and Ferroptosis Sensitivity (2019)

The tripeptide glutathione suppresses the iron-dependent, non-apoptotic cell death process of ferroptosis. How glutathione abundance is regulated in the cell and how this regulation alters ferroptosis sensitivity is poorly understood. Using genome-wide human haploid genetic screening technology coupled to fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), we directly identify genes that regulate intracellular glutathione abundance and characterize their role in ferroptosis regulation. Disruption of the ATP binding cassette (ABC)-family transporter multidrug resistance protein 1 (MRP1) prevents glutathione efflux from the cell and strongly inhibits ferroptosis. High levels of MRP1 expression decrease sensitivity to certain pro-apoptotic chemotherapeutic drugs, while collaterally sensitizing to all tested pro-ferroptotic agents. By contrast, disruption of KEAP1 and NAA38, leading to the stabilization of the transcription factor NRF2, increases glutathione levels but only weakly protects from ferroptosis. This is due in part to concomitant NRF2-mediated upregulation of MRP1. These results pinpoint glutathione efflux as an unanticipated regulator of ferroptosis sensitivity.
Tissue Engineering of Functional Salivary Gland Tissue (2005)

Human salivary gland epithelial cells retained their phenotypic and functional characteristics at all culture stages. Histologically, formation of acinar gland-like structures was observed within the engineered tissue by 4 weeks after implantation. Immunocytochemical and Western blot analyses of the implanted tissues demonstrated the expression of human a-amylase, cytokeratins AE1/AE3, and aquaporin-5 using cell-specific antibodies. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses confirmed the expression of human salivary type of alpha-amylase (sigma-amylase) mRNA. The retrieved tissues demonstrated the production of human alpha-amylase over time using a biochemical amylase detection system.
Wireless Distributed Network System for Relief Activities after Disasters - A Field Experiment for Channel Setting and a System for Information Exchange among Shelters (2010)

Safety information of evacuees is the most important information for relief activities in disasters. We have discussed about required conditions for computer systems destined for supporting effective relief activities after disasters. In addition, on the basis of this discussion, we also have proposed a network construction algorithm and have performed preliminary evaluation about the installation locations among wireless stations and wireless link connectivity. In this paper, we report the results of preliminary evaluation of the performance of information sharing algorithm ADES. In addition, this paper introduces an improved system called ADES-Plus. ADES-Plus system employs information management function by an existing database. Furthermore, in accordance with the required speed of information sharing, we add a function that enables flexible processings. These new functions are confirmed to be work well through computational experiments.
Hyperinols A and B, Chymotrypsin Inhibiting Triterpenes from Hypericum oblongifolium (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
189. Therapeutic Gene Transfer as a Treatment Option for Age-Related Macular Degeneration (2016)

Age-related macular degeneration, otherwise known as AMD, is a progressive, irreversible eye condition in which the retina is permanently damaged by either atrophy of its pigment epithelial layer (dry AMD) or abnormal blood vessel growth in the retina's membrane (wet AMD). Wet AMD, the more advanced, severe version of the disease, is induced by overexposure to vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the eye. This VEGF-induced blood vessel growth leads to rupture and leaking of the retina's membrane, endangering the integrity of the macula, which is vital for acute central vision. Once the macula is scarred and central vision is lost, it cannot be recovered. Current treatments for wet AMD include several drugs (i.e. lucentis) that inhibit VEGF, yielding a reduction in retinal thickness and moderate increases in visual acuity. While these treatments succeed in prohibiting disease progression, they require frequent intravitreal injections. In the future, the goal is to prevent disease progression while avoiding repeated injections with the use of therapeutic gene transfer. To develop this new generation of AMD therapeutic, we sought to create an efficacious AAV vector expressing anti-VEGF antibody via systematic optimization of all vector elements. Six promoters, 12 coding sequence variants, an F2A linker, and 3 internal ribosome entry sites (IRES) were evaluated for tissue-specific expression in mouse eye. Mean expression from the 2 best promoters, UbC and CB7, was 400 and 450 ng/mg of eye lysate, respectively, compared with the CMV promoter at 10 ng/mg. In the context of a CMV promoter, mean expression for best-performing IRES (EMCV) was 2 ng/mg of tissue lysate, which was 5-fold lower than that from the construct containing an F2A linker (10 ng/mg). The best-expressing coding sequence variants, named AMD11 and AMD42, yielded 12 and 13 ng/mg of tissue lysate, respectively. In order to identify a clinical candidate vector, the best-performing elements were combined to generate 4 additional vectors, which were evaluated in both eyes of 8 rhesus macaques for each vector. Following subretinal injection with 1×1011 GC/eye, anterior chamber fluid was sampled on days 15 and 29. Among the 16 injected eyes, average expression of AAV-UbC-AMD11 was 473.6 ng/ml (ranging from 123.5 to 933 ng/ml) of anterior chamber fluid on day 15 after vector administration and 546.2 ng/ml (262 to 1263 ng/ml) on day 29. Average expression of AAV-UbC-AMD42 was 360.6 ng/ml (144.6 to 646.8 ng/ml) and 536.8 ng/ml (238.3 to 920.7 ng/ml) on days 15 and 29, respectively. For AAV-CB7-AMD11, average expression on days 15 and 29 was 972.4 ng/ml (495.9 to 1684.7 ng/ml) and 1100.3 ng/ml (422.3 to 2187.8 ng/ml). The final vector, AAV-CB7-AMD42, expressed at 1922.2 ng/ml (707.9 to 2892.7 ng/ml) on day 15 and 1396 ng/ml (431.2 to 2346.4 ng/ml) on day 29. After final selection, the clinical candidate vector will be evaluated in formal nonclinical studies prior to a clinical trial. Selection criteria will include expression levels and vector yields.
Evaluating probabilities under high-dimensional latent variable models (2008)

We present a simple new Monte Carlo algorithm for evaluating probabilities of observations in complex latent variable models, such as Deep Belief Networks. While the method is based on Markov chains, estimates based on short runs are formally unbiased. In expectation, the log probability of a test set will be underestimated, and this could form the basis of a probabilistic bound. The method is much cheaper than gold-standard annealing-based methods and only slightly more expensive than the cheapest Monte Carlo methods. We give examples of the new method substantially improving simple variational bounds at modest extra cost.
Comparison of Sizes of Magnesia Crystals Calculated from X‐ray Diffraction Line‐Broadening and Transmission Electron Microscopy Observations (1989)

When MgO is formed by decomposition of MgCO 3 under vacuum, crystal sizes calculated from XRD line breadths are in reasonable agreement with direct TEM observations, 4.4 ± 0.6 nm compared with 3.2 ± 0.8 nm. For aligned MgO crystallites from Mg(OH) 2 , the sizes calculated are discordant, 14.0 ± 3.0 nm and 2.6 ± 0.7 nm. The sizes calculated from XRD data are too large because the MgO crystallites form from Mg(OH) 2 in near‐perfect alignment.
Olefinmetathese in komprimiertem Kohlendioxid (1997)

Vermeidung toxikologisch bedenklicher Solventien , einfachere Isolierung der Produkte und Wiedergewinnung des Katalysators in aktiver Form sind nur einige der Vorteile der Verwendung von komprimiertem CO 2 als Reaktionsmedium, die bei übergangsmetallkatalysierten Olefinmetathesereaktionen in besonderer Weise zur Geltung kommen. Durch Variation der Dichte des überkritischen Reaktionsmediums wird, wie unten gezeigt, die Produktselektivität bei der Metathese acyclischer Diene gesteuert. Substrate mit in konventionellen Lösungsmitteln nicht tolerierten basischen NH‐Funktionen lassen sich in CO 2 mit hoher Effizienz metathetisieren. magnified image
Figure S3 from Cholesterol Depletion by TASIN-1 Induces Apoptotic Cell Death through the ER Stress/ROS/JNK Signaling in Colon Cancer Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 2. TASIN-1 induces JNK pathway activation.&lt;/p&gt;
A-Ring-Substituted Estrogen-3-O-sulfamates:  Potent Multitargeted Anticancer Agents (2005)

Efficient and flexible syntheses of 2-substituted estrone, estradiol and their 3-O-sulfamate (EMATE) derivatives have been developed using directed ortho-lithiation methodology. 2-Substituted EMATEs display a similar antiproliferative activity profile to the corresponding estradiols against a range of human cancer cell lines. 2-Methoxy (3, 4), 2-methylsulfanyl (20, 21) and 2-ethyl EMATEs (32, 33) proved the most active compounds with 2-ethylestradiol-3-O-sulfamate (33), displaying a mean activity over the NCI 55 cell line panel 80-fold greater than the established anticancer agent 2-methoxyestradiol (2). 2-Ethylestradiol-3-O-sulfamate (33) was also an effective inhibitor of angiogenesis using three in vitro markers, and various 2-substituted EMATEs also proved to be inhibitors of steroid sulfatase (STS), a therapeutic target for the treatment of hormone-dependent breast cancer. The potential of this novel class of multimechanism anticancer agents was confirmed in vivo with good activity observed in the NCI hollow fiber assay and in a MDA-MB-435 xenograft mouse model.
Subnetwork partitioning and section restoration in translucent optical networks (2003)

We discuss the problem of designing translucent optical networks composed of restorable, transparent subnetworks interconnected via transponders. We formulate the problem of designing restorable subnetworks in translucent networks as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) problem, where the subnetworks are determined subject to the constraints that each subnetwork satisfies size limitations and it is 2-connected. A greedy heuristic algorithm for the same problem is also proposed for planar network topologies. We propose section restoration for translucent networks where failed connections are rerouted inside the subnetwork which contains the failed link. The network design problem of determining working and restoration capacities with section restoration is formulated as an ILP problem. Numerical results show that section restoration generates fiber costs which are close to those with the path restoration technique for the mesh topologies used in this study. It is also shown that the number of transponders with the translucent optical network is substantially reduced compared to opaque networks.
Phytochrome B mediates the photoperiodic control of tuber formation in potato (1996)

To determine whether phytochrome B is involved in the response of potato plants to photoperiod, a potato PHYB cDNA fragment was inserted in the antisense orientation behind the 35S CaMV promoter in Bin19 and this construct was transformed into Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena plants which normally require short days for tuberization. Two independent transformants were obtained that had much lower levels of PHYB mRNA and protein, and which exhibited phenotypes characteristic of phyB mutants, for example, elongated stems and decreased chlorophyll content. The level of phyA, and of several phytochrome A‐controlled responses, was unaffected in these plants. The photoperiodic control of tuberization in these antisense PHYB plants was abolished, the plants tuberizing in short day, long day, or short day plus night break conditions. This result shows that phytochrome B is required for the photoperiodic control of tuberization in potato ( Solanum tuberosum ssp. andigena ) and that it regulates this developmental process by preventing tuber formation in non‐inductive photoperiods rather than by promoting tuberization in inductive photoperiods.
Study of Friction Force in Electrodynamic Rail Accelerator: Experiment and Interpretation Using FEM Modelling (2020)

The paper presents experimental data and a model of an electromagnetic rail accelerator. The model includes an equivalent circuit, magnetic field in the system and movement of the projectile (that is solved separately) which is computed numerically. The main results are compared with our experimental data and friction force during acceleration is evaluated.
Deciphering Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Transmission and Early Envelope Diversification by Single-Genome Amplification and Sequencing (2020)

Accurate identification of the transmitted virus and sequences evolving from it could be instrumental in elucidating the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and in developing vaccines, drugs, or microbicides to prevent infection. Here we describe an experimental approach to analyze HIV-1 env genes as intact genetic units amplified from plasma virion RNA by single-genome amplification (SGA), followed by direct sequencing of uncloned DNA amplicons. We show that this strategy precludes in vitro artifacts caused by Taq-induced nucleotide substitutions and template switching, provides an accurate representation of the env quasispecies in vivo, and has an overall error rate (including nucleotide misincorporation, insertion, and deletion) of less than 8 × 10−5. Applying this method to the analysis of virus in plasma from 12 Zambian subjects from whom samples were obtained within 3 months of seroconversion, we show that transmitted or early founder viruses can be identified and that molecular pathways and rates of early env diversification can be defined. Specifically, we show that 8 of the 12 subjects were each infected by a single virus, while 4 others acquired more than one virus; that the rate of virus evolution in one subject during an 80-day period spanning seroconversion was 1.7 × 10−5 substitutions per site per day; and that evidence of strong immunologic selection can be seen in Env and overlapping Rev sequences based on nonrandom accumulation of nonsynonymous mutations. We also compared the results of the SGA approach with those of more-conventional bulk PCR amplification methods performed on the same patient samples and found that the latter is associated with excessive rates of Taq-induced recombination, nucleotide misincorporation, template resampling, and cloning bias. These findings indicate that HIV-1 env genes, other viral genes, and even full-length viral genomes responsible for productive clinical infection can be identified by SGA analysis of plasma virus sampled at intervals typical in large-scale vaccine trials and that pathways of viral diversification and immune escape can be determined accurately.
Applications of Intelligent Experimental Design for Additive Manufacturing (2020)

This paper focuses on the development of process parameters of additive machines to manufacture high-quality parts using intelligent experimental design techniques. Direct metal laser melting modality of additive manufacturing is of focus. Intelligent design of experiments protocol is used in conjunction with highly accurate Gaussian Process based surrogate models of the microstructural and mechanical quantities of interest as functions of the process parameters. Results from the modeling approach and the experimental design methodology are presented, and the sharp savings using the probabilistic approaches on the cycle time is highlighted.
Fluctuations of Energy-Relaxation Times in Superconducting Qubits (2018)

Superconducting qubits are an attractive platform for quantum computing since they have demonstrated high-fidelity quantum gates and extensibility to modest system sizes. Nonetheless, an outstanding challenge is stabilizing their energy-relaxation times, which can fluctuate unpredictably in frequency and time. Here, we use qubits as spectral and temporal probes of individual two-level-system defects to provide direct evidence that they are responsible for the largest fluctuations. This research lays the foundation for stabilizing qubit performance through calibration, design, and fabrication.