gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection, parameter estimation, and discriminative training of hidden Markov models for general audio modeling (2003)

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) permit a natural and flexible way to model time-sequential data. The ease of concatenation and time-warping algorithms implementation on HMMs suit them very well for segmentation and content based audio classification applications, as is clear from their extended and successful use on speech recognition applications. Speech has a natural basic unit, the phone, which normally delimits the number of models to one per phone. Moreover, knowledge of the speech structure facilitates the choice of the model parameters. When modeling generic audio, on other hand, the lack of a natural basic unit, and the absence of a clear structure, make the selection and the parameter estimation of an optimal set of HMMs difficult. In this paper we present different approaches to select and estimate the HMM parameters of a set of representative generic audio classes. We compare these approaches in the context of a content- based classification application using the MuscleFish database. The models are first found through frame clustering or by traditional EM techniques under some specific selection criteria, such as the Bayesian information criterion. Further discriminative training of the initial models considerably improve their performance in the content-based classification task, obtaining results comparable with the ones obtained, for the same task, by inherently discriminative classification methods, such as support vector machines, while preserving the intrinsic flexibility of HMMs.
The impact of TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1) expression in precursor B cells and implications for leukaemia using three different genome-wide screening methods (2013)

The reciprocal translocation t(12;21)(p13;q22), the most common structural genomic alteration in B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukaemia in children, results in a chimeric transcription factor TEL-AML1 (ETV6-RUNX1). We identified directly and indirectly regulated target genes utilizing an inducible TEL-AML1 system derived from the murine pro B-cell line BA/F3 and a monoclonal antibody directed against TEL-AML1. By integration of promoter binding identified with chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-on-chip, gene expression and protein output through microarray technology and stable labelling of amino acids in cell culture, we identified 217 directly and 118 indirectly regulated targets of the TEL-AML1 fusion protein. Directly, but not indirectly, regulated promoters were enriched in AML1-binding sites. The majority of promoter regions were specific for the fusion protein and not bound by native AML1 or TEL. Comparison with gene expression profiles from TEL-AML1-positive patients identified 56 concordantly misregulated genes with negative effects on proliferation and cellular transport mechanisms and positive effects on cellular migration, and stress responses including immunological responses. In summary, this work for the first time gives a comprehensive insight into how TEL-AML1 expression may directly and indirectly contribute to alter cells to become prone for leukemic transformation.
Absence of Circulating Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibodies (ANCA) in Severe Vasculitis Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (1990)

Sixteen patients with classical rheumatoid arthritis (RA) complicated by severe vasculitis were studied and compared with a matched control group of 17 RA patients without vasculitis. A control group of 24 patients with unrelated disease was also included. Neither antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (C-ANCA) nor anti-myeloperoxidase (anti-MPO) were found. Granulocyte specific antinuclear antibodies ("GS-ANA") were found in a higher frequency in the vasculitis group (75%) than in the RA control group (41%), but the difference was not statistically significant. No patient in the control group without RA had "GS-ANA".
Supplemental Methods from EPHA2 Blockade Overcomes Acquired Resistance to EGFR Kinase Inhibitors in Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Description of additional methods and procedures used in the study.&lt;/p&gt;
HOL-Z 2.0: A Proof Environment for Z-Specifications (2020)

We present a new proof environment for the specification language Z. The basis is a semantic representation of Z in a structure-preserving, shallow embedding in Isabelle/HOL. On top of the embedding, new proof support for the Z schema calculus and for proof structuring are developed. Thus, we integrate Z into a well-known and trusted theorem prover with advanced deduction technology such as higher-order rewriting, tableaux-based provers and arithmetic decision procedures. A further achievement of this work is the integration of our embedding into a new tool-chain providing a Z-oriented type checker, documentation facilities and macro support for refinement proofs, as a result, the gap has been closed between a logical embedding proven correct and a tool suited for applications of nontrivial size.
Revealing Charge Carrier Mobility and Defect Densities in Metal Halide Perovskites via Space-Charge-Limited Current Measurements (2021)

Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements have been widely used to study the charge carrier mobility and trap density in semiconductors. However, their applicability to metal halide perovskites is not straightforward, due to the mixed ionic and electronic nature of these materials. Here, we discuss the pitfalls of SCLC for perovskite semiconductors, and especially the effect of mobile ions. We show, using drift-diffusion (DD) simulations, that the ions strongly affect the measurement and that the usual analysis and interpretation of SCLC need to be refined. We highlight that the trap density and mobility cannot be directly quantified using classical methods. We discuss the advantages of pulsed SCLC for obtaining reliable data with minimal influence of the ionic motion. We then show that fitting the pulsed SCLC with DD modeling is a reliable method for extracting mobility, trap, and ion densities simultaneously. As a proof of concept, we obtain a trap density of 1.3 × 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>, an ion density of 1.1 × 10<sup>13</sup> cm<sup>-3</sup>, and a mobility of 13 cm<sup>2</sup> V<sup>-1</sup> s<sup>-1</sup> for a MAPbBr<sub>3</sub> single crystal.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin (2011)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) has been recently implicated as a key molecule for initiating allergic inflammation at the epithelial cell–dendritic cell (DC) interface. In humans, TSLP is produced predominantly by epithelial cells and stimulates myeloid DCs (mDCs). TSLP-activated mDCs can promote the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into a T helper 2 (Th2) phenotype, the expansion of CD4+ Th2 memory cells, as well as the induction of CD8+ proallergic cytotoxic T cells. Mouse genetic studies provide strong evidence for a pivotal role of TSLP in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases in vivo. Since TSLP is a rational therapeutic target for the treatment of allergic disorders, elucidating the mechanisms that regulate TSLP expression and the effects of TSLP on orchestrating the immune response toward a Th2 phenotype is essential for developing anti-TSLP therapy.
FTIR and <sup>13</sup>C CP/MAS NMR. (2016)

&lt;p&gt;(a) FTIR data for neat RG-I (I) and RG-I polyurea/urethane capsules prepared using different amounts of TDI: 0.44×10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mol (II) and 1.3×10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mol of TDI (III). (b) &lt;sup&gt;13&lt;/sup&gt;C CP/MAS NMR spectra of pure RG-I and the RG-I polyurea/urethane capsule prepared using 0.44×10&lt;sup&gt;−3&lt;/sup&gt; mol of TDI. The lower NMR spectrum is the difference between the spectrum of the capsule and pure RG-I.&lt;/p&gt;
A History of the Continuously Innovative Analog Integrated Circuit (2007)

This article chronicles the invention and development of basic analog integrated circuits - basic analog sub-circuits, analog circuit building blocks, and analog circuit functional blocks - that have become standard techniques for analog IC design.
Novel Robust 2-µm All-PM Thulium/Holmium Based Femtosecond Fiber Laser Oscillator (2017)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text H. Hoogland, W. Hänsel, and R. Holzwarth, "Novel Robust 2-µm All-PM Thulium/Holmium Based Femtosecond Fiber Laser Oscillator," in Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, OSA Technical Digest (online) (Optica Publishing Group, 2017), paper SM3L.4. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A capacitively-coupled chopper operational amplifier with 3&#x03BC;V Offset and outside-the-rail capability (2012)

This paper presents a capacitively-coupled chopper operational amplifier whose maximum input common-mode voltage far exceeds its 5V supply. To achieve low offset, it employs a capacitively-driven input chopper, which can handle the wide input common-mode voltage with low power dissipation. To suppress chopping ripple, it employs an area-efficient switched-capacitor ripple-reduction loop. Implemented in a high-voltage 0.7μm CMOS technology, the amplifier achieves 3μV offset and an NEF of 5.1, while consuming 10μA. The chip has an active area of 1.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Cortical lesion hotspots and association of subpial lesions with disability in multiple sclerosis (2022)

Cortical lesions are highly prevalent and are associated with disability and progressive disease. Subpial lesion burden is not strongly correlated with white matter lesions, suggesting differences in inflammation and repair mechanisms.
In vivo evidence that inhibin is a gonadotropin surge-inhibiting/attenuating factor. (1992)

Hyperstimulation of ovarian function through exogenous gonadotropin administration suppresses the preovulatory surges of both LH and FSH. This phenomenon has been demonstrated to be the result of a non-steroidal factor released from the ovary that has been designated as either gonadotropin surge-inhibiting factor or attenuating factor (GnSIF/AF). To examine the possibility that inhibin might possess the activity ascribed to this factor, endogenous inhibin was immunoneutralized in female rats under conditions known to stimulate GnSIF/AF activity. Inhibin-like immunoreactivity was found to be significantly elevated in FSH-treated rats prior to the time of the gonadotropin surges. Spontaneous preovulatory surges of both LH and FSH were observed in saline-treated (control) rats that were subsequently treated with either anti-inhibin serum (AS) or normal sheep serum (NS). FSH-treatment completely prevented the occurrence of gonadotropin surges in rats subsequently treated with NS. In FSH-injected rats subsequently treated with AS, however, normal preovulatory surges of both LH and FSH were observed. These results indicate that inhibin may be the factor responsible for the suppression of the preovulatory gonadotropin surges in FSH-treated rats and, at least in this species, may be a GnSIF/AF.
Anion Coordination Chemistry: Polyguanidinium Salts as Anion Complexones (1979)

Abstract The synthesis of a series of polyguanidinium salts of potential interest as anion complexones is described. Among the various synthetic methods investigated, the polyguanidinium salts were found to be most conveniently prepared from polyamines via polynitroguanidine intermediates. The complexation of phosphate and carboxylate anions by these complexones and by related polyammonium salts were studied by analysis of pH‐metric titration data. The ligands studied from relatively stable complexes (log K s = 2.0–4.0 for PO in water) which also present good selectivities in some cases. Both the stability and the selectivity of complexation are primarily governed by electrostatic forces and thus depend on charge accumulation in the interacting species; structural effects are also observed. Since the binding is primarily electrostatic, polyammonium salts from more stable complexes (at a given charge) than do polyguanidinium salts. However, whereas the complexation properties of the latter are independent of pH, the complexes of the former are observed only in the limited ranges of pH where both the protonated polyamine and the anion of interest can coexist. The polycationic ligands may, in principle, form chelate type anion complexes. Comparison with the corresponding single binding sites reveals an increase in complexation constant of about two or three orders of magnitude; this may be considered as a thermodynamic indication of a chelate effect for the polydentate ligands (by analogy with the well known effects displayed by cation complexones); however, structural data on the formation of chelate ‘rings’ are not yet available. The nature of the complexes and the prospects of anion complexones in various fields are discussed.
Key role of the REC lobe during CRISPR–Cas9 activation by ‘sensing’, ‘regulating’, and ‘locking’ the catalytic HNH domain (2018)

Understanding the conformational dynamics of CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat)-Cas9 is of the utmost importance for improving its genome editing capability. Here, molecular dynamics simulations performed using Anton-2 - a specialized supercomputer capturing micro-to-millisecond biophysical events in real time and at atomic-level resolution - reveal the activation process of the endonuclease Cas9 toward DNA cleavage. Over the unbiased simulation, we observe that the spontaneous approach of the catalytic domain HNH to the DNA cleavage site is accompanied by a remarkable structural remodeling of the recognition (REC) lobe, which exerts a key role for DNA cleavage. Specifically, the significant conformational changes and the collective conformational dynamics of the REC lobe indicate a mechanism by which the REC1-3 regions 'sense' nucleic acids, 'regulate' the HNH conformational transition, and ultimately 'lock' the HNH domain at the cleavage site, contributing to its catalytic competence. By integrating additional independent simulations and existing experimental data, we provide a solid validation of the activated HNH conformation, which had been so far poorly characterized, and we deliver a comprehensive understanding of the role of REC1-3 in the activation process. Considering the importance of the REC lobe in the specificity of Cas9, this study poses the basis for fully understanding how the REC components control the cleavage of off-target sequences, laying the foundation for future engineering efforts toward improved genome editing.
Spin–Orbit TDDFT Electronic Structure of Diplatinum(II,II) Complexes (2015)

[Pt2(μ-P2O5H2)4](4-) (Pt(pop)) and its perfluoroborated derivative [Pt2(μ-P2O5(BF2)2)4](4-) (Pt(pop-BF2)) are d(8)-d(8) complexes whose electronic excited states can drive reductions and oxidations of relatively inert substrates. We performed spin-orbit (SO) TDDFT calculations on these complexes that account for their absorption spectra across the entire UV-vis spectral region. The complexes exhibit both fluorescence and phosphorescence attributable, respectively, to singlet and triplet excited states of dσ*pσ origin. These features are energetically isolated from each other (∼7000 cm(-1) for (Pt(pop-BF2)) as well as from higher-lying states (5800 cm(-1)). The lowest (3)dσ*pσ state is split into three SO states by interactions with higher-lying singlet states with dπpσ and, to a lesser extent, pπpσ contributions. The spectroscopically allowed dσ*pσ SO state has ∼96% singlet character with small admixtures of higher triplets of partial dπpσ and pπpσ characters that also mix with (3)dσ*pσ, resulting in a second-order (1)dσ*pσ-(3)dσ*pσ SO interaction that facilitates intersystem crossing (ISC). All SO interactions involving the dσ*pσ states are weak because of large energy gaps to higher interacting states. The spectroscopically allowed dσ*pσ SO state is followed by a dense manifold of ligand-to-metal-metal charge transfer states, some with pπpσ (at lower energies) or dπpσ contributions (at higher energies). Spectroscopically active higher states are strongly spin-mixed. The electronic structure, state ordering, and relative energies are minimally perturbed when the calculation is performed at the optimized geometries of the (1)dσ*pσ and (3)dσ*pσ excited states (rather than the ground state). Results obtained for Pt(pop) are very similar, showing slightly smaller energy gaps and, possibly, an additional (1)dσ*pσ - (3)dσ*pσ second order SO interaction involving higher (1)dπpσ* states that could account in part for the much faster ISC. It also appears that (1)dσ*pσ → (3)dσ*pσ ISC requires a structural distortion that has a lower barrier for Pt(pop) than for the more rigid Pt(pop-BF2).
Coupled tandem cavities based electro-absorption modulator with asymmetric tandem quantum well for high modulation performance at low driving voltage (2013)

We propose and demonstrate a new electro-absorption modulator (EAM) based on coupled tandem cavities (CTC) having asymmetric tandem quantum well (ATQW) structure with separated electrode configuration to achieve large transmittance change over a broad spectral range at low driving voltage for high definition (HD) 3D imaging applications. Our theoretical calculations show that CTC with ATQW structure can provide large transmittance change over a wide spectral range at low driving voltage. By introducing separated electrode configuration, the fabricated EAM having CTC with ATQW structure shows a large transmittance change over 50%, almost three times larger spectral bandwidth compared to that of EAM having single cavity with a single thickness quantum well without significantly increasing the applied voltage. In addition, the CTC with ATQW structure also shows high speed modulation up to 28 MHz for the device having a large area of 2 mm x 0.5 mm. This high transmittance change, large spectral bandwidth and low voltage operation over a large device area for the EAM having CTC with ATQW demonstrates their huge potential as an optical image modulator for HD 3D imaging applications.
Monitoring Neuroprotective Effects Using Positron Emission Tomography With [ 11 C]ITMM, a Radiotracer for Metabotropic Glutamate 1 Receptor (2013)

[(11)C]ITMM-PET may be a useful technique for characterizing the change in mGlu1 level during the occurrence and progression of neuronal damage and for evaluating the neuroprotective effects of drugs after ischemia.
Intrinsic and Database-free Watermarking in ICs by Exploiting Process and Design Dependent Variability in Metal-Oxide-Metal Capacitances (2018)

Authentication of integrated circuits (IC) to verify their integrity has emerged as a critical need to address increasing concerns associated with counterfeit ICs in the supply chain. In this paper, novel SAR-ADC based intrinsic and database-free authentication scheme has been proposed. Proposed technique utilizes mismatch in back end of line (BEOL) capacitors used in charge-redistribution SAR ADC to generate authentication signature. BEOL metal-oxide-metal (MOM) capacitors form a reliable source of process variation information and are less sensitive to aging & temperature induced variations. Line edge roughness is the primary source of mismatch in BEOL capacitors and thus, capacitor mismatch variation has been analyzed in terms of LER and geometric parameters. Resource overhead incurred by the proposed modifications to the ADC architecture to incorporate authentication ability is minimal and existing on-chip calibration circuitry is used to extract signature. Proposed technique does not require sophisticated test setup, thereby, simplifying the authentication procedure.
Sharing-aware algorithms for virtual machine colocation (2011)

Virtualization technology enables multiple virtual machines (VMs) to run on a single physical server. VMs that run on the same physical server can share memory pages that have identical content, thereby reducing the overall memory requirements on the server. We develop sharing-aware algorithms that can colocate VMs with similar page content on the same physical server to optimize the benefits of inter-VM sharing. We show that inter-VM sharing occurs in a largely hierarchical fashion, where the sharing can be attributed to VM's running the same OS platform, OS version, software libraries, or applications. We propose two hierarchical sharing models: a tree model and a more general cluster-tree model. Using a set of VM traces, we show that up to 67% percent of the inter-VM sharing is captured by the tree model and up to 82% is captured by the cluster-tree model. Next, we study two problem variants of critical interest to a virtualization service provider: the VM Maximization problem that determines the most profitable subset of the VMs that can be packed into the given set of servers, and the VM packing problem that determines the smallest set of servers that can accommodate a set of VMs. While both variants are NP-hard, we show that both admit provably good approximation schemes in the hierarchical sharing models. We show that VM maximization for the tree and cluster-tree models can be approximated in polytime to within a (1 - 1/e) factor of optimal. Further, we show that VM packing can be approximated in polytime to within a factor of O(log n) of optimal for cluster-trees and to within a factor of 3 of optimal for trees, where n is the number of VMs. Finally, we evaluate our VM packing algorithm for the tree sharing model on real-world VM traces and show that our algorithm can exploit most of the available inter-VM sharing to achieve a 32% to 50% reduction in servers and a 25% to 57% reduction in memory footprint compared to sharing-oblivious algorithms.
Modifying Essentialist Beliefs Toward Mental Illness: An Alternative Focus for Anti-Stigma Interventions (2014)

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the College of Science and Technology Morehead State University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Fredrick T. Chin on July 8, 2014.