gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Multi-Task Facial Analytics With Event Cameras (2023)

Event cameras, unlike traditional frame-based cameras, excel in detecting and reporting changes in light intensity on a per-pixel basis. This unique technology offers numerous advantages, including high temporal resolution, low latency, wide dynamic range, and reduced power consumption. These characteristics make event cameras particularly well-suited for sensing applications such as monitoring drivers or human behavior. This paper presents a feasibility study on the using a multitask neural network with event cameras for real-time facial analytics. Our proposed network simultaneously estimates head pose, eye gaze, and facial occlusions. Notably, the network is trained on synthetic event camera data, and its performance is demonstrated and validated using real event data in real-time driving scenarios. To compensate for global head motion, we introduce a novel event integration method capable of handling both short and long-term temporal dependencies. The performance of our facial analytics method is quantitatively evaluated in both controlled lab environments and unconstrained driving scenarios. The results demonstrate that useful accuracy and computational speed is achieved by the proposed method to determining head pose and relative eye-gaze direction. This shows that neuromorphic facial analytics can be realized in real-time and are well-suited for edge/embedded computing deployments. While the improvement ratio in comparison to existing literature may not be as favorable due to the unique event-based vision approach employed, it is crucial to note that our research focuses specifically on event-based vision, which offers distinct advantages over traditional RGB vision. Overall, this study contributes to the emerging field of event-based vision systems and highlights the potential of multitask neural networks combined with event cameras for real-time sensing of human subjects. These techniques can be applied in practical applications such as driver monitoring systems, interactive human-computer systems and for human behavior analysis.
On the Reliability Function of Variable-Rate Slepian-Wolf Coding (2015)

The reliability function of variable-rate Slepian-Wolf coding is linked to the reliability function of channel coding with constant composition codes, through which computable lower and upper bounds are derived. The bounds coincide at rates close to the Slepian-Wolf limit, yielding a complete characterization of the reliability function in that rate regime. It is shown that variable-rate Slepian-Wolf codes can significantly outperform fixed-rate Slepian-Wolf codes in terms of rate-error tradeoff. The reliability function of variable-rate Slepian-Wolf coding with rate below the Slepian-Wolf limit is determined. In sharp contrast with fixed-rate Slepian-Wolf codes for which the correct decoding probability decays to zero exponentially fast if the rate is below the Slepian-Wolf limit, the correct decoding probability of variable-rate Slepian-Wolf codes can be bounded away from zero.
Synthesis, electrical conductivity and electroluminescence of poly(p‐phenylene vinylene) prepared by the precursor route (1993)

Abstract We present a detailed experimental procedure for the synthesis of poly( p ‐phenylene vinylene) by the precursor route. Special emphasis is given to the conditions of the thermal elimination reaction that leads from the processable precursor polymer 4 to PPV. We found that a temperature of 320°C is necessary to remove sulphur and chlorine containing defect structures which are probably formed by nucleophilic substitutions during thermal elimination. PPV prepared by our procedure contains 0.12% of chlorine and 0.15% of sulphur. With this material we are able to prepare large area light emitting diodes (LED) which work at driving voltages as low as 2 Volts in an ITO/PPV/Al configuration. The low threshold results in an improved device performance: So a LED continuously driven with a current density of 20 mA/cm 2 emits light for one week at ambient conditions and for more than four weeks if operated in a glove box at room temperature.
Bright single InAs quantum dots at telecom wavelengths in conical tapered InP nanowires monolithically grown on Si (2018)

11-15 Juin 2018,
Summary and Statistical Analysis of the First AIAA Sonic Boom Prediction Workshop (2015)

A summary is provided for the First AIAA Sonic Boom Workshop held 11 January 2014 in conjunction with AIAA SciTech 2014. Near-field pressure signatures extracted from computational-fluid-dynamics solutions are gathered from 19 participants (representing three countries) for the two required cases: an axisymmetric body and a simple delta-wing configuration. Structured multiblock, unstructured mixed-element, unstructured tetrahedral, overset, and Cartesian cut-cell methods are used by the participants. Participants provided signatures computed on a series of uniformly refined workshop provided grids and participant-generated and solution-adapted grids. These submissions are propagated to the ground, and noise measures are computed. This allows the grid convergence of a noise measure and a validation metric (difference norm between computed and wind-tunnel-measured near-field signatures) to be studied for the first time. A statistical analysis is also presented for these measures. An optional configuration includes fuselage, wing, tail, flow-through nacelles, and blade sting. More variation in computed noise measures are observed for this full configuration than the required cases. Recommendations are provided for potential improvements to the analysis methods and a possible subsequent workshop.
Looking Beyond Sentence-Level Natural Language Inference for Downstream Tasks (2020)

In recent years, the Natural Language Inference (NLI) task has garnered significant attention, with new datasets and models achieving near human-level performance on it. However, the full promise of NLI -- particularly that it learns knowledge that should be generalizable to other downstream NLP tasks -- has not been realized. In this paper, we study this unfulfilled promise from the lens of two downstream tasks: question answering (QA), and text summarization. We conjecture that a key difference between the NLI datasets and these downstream tasks concerns the length of the premise; and that creating new long premise NLI datasets out of existing QA datasets is a promising avenue for training a truly generalizable NLI model. We validate our conjecture by showing competitive results on the task of QA and obtaining the best reported results on the task of Checking Factual Correctness of Summaries.
The cytoplasmic raf oncogene induces a neuronal phenotype in PC12 cells: a potential role for cellular raf kinases in neuronal growth factor signal transduction. (1993)

The neuron-like differentiation of PC12 cells is induced by nerve growth factor (NGF) through stimulation of a membrane-bound protooncoprotein signaling pathway containing the NGF receptor Trk, the tyrosine kinase Src, and the GTP-binding protein Ras. The Raf-1 and B-raf protooncogenes encode cytoplasmic serine/threonine kinases that are stimulated by NGF in a Ras-dependent manner. To investigate the possible roles of cytoplasmic Raf kinases in eliciting neuronal differentiation, we have expressed the activated Raf-1 oncogene in PC12 cells. Expression of the raf oncogene results in the elaboration of a neuron-like phenotype, including neurite growth and the induction of the NGF-responsive genes NGFI-A and transin. The actions of activated Raf-1 and NGF are not additive. Furthermore, activated Raf-1 oncoprotein can prime cells for transcription-independent neurite growth by NGF and can elicit rapid neurite growth from NGF-primed cells. Our data indicate that the pathways utilized by NGF and activated raf to effect PC12 differentiation overlap and lead to the suggestion that cellular raf kinase activities play significant roles in transducing the differentiating signals of neuronal growth factors.
Increased magnetic damping of a single domain wall and adjacent magnetic domains detected by spin torque diode in a nanostripe (2015)

We use spin-torque resonance to probe simultaneously and separately the dynamics of a magnetic domain wall and of magnetic domains in a nanostripe magnetic tunnel junction. Thanks to the large associated resistance variations we are able to analyze quantitatively the resonant properties of these single nanoscale magnetic objects. In particular, we find that the magnetic damping of both domains and domain walls is doubled compared to the damping value of their host magnetic layer. We estimate the contributions to damping arising from dipolar couplings between the different layers in the junction and from the intralayer spin pumping effect. We find that they cannot explain the large damping enhancement that we observe. We conclude that the measured increased damping is intrinsic to large amplitudes excitations of spatially localized modes or solitons such as vibrating or propagating domain walls
Nanostructural Characterization of Y1-xSmxBa1.5Cu3Oy Coated Conductors with BaZrO3 Particles by Transmission Electron Microscopy (2009)

Extended abstract of a paper presented at Microscopy and Microanalysis 2009 in Richmond, Virginia, USA, July 26 – July 30, 2009
Impact of design-parameters on the optical performance of a high-power adaptive mirror (2017)

TNO is developing a High Power Adaptive Mirror (HPAM) to be used in the CO<sub>2</sub> laser beam path of an Extreme Ultra- Violet (EUV) light source for next-generation lithography. In this paper we report on a developed methodology, and the necessary simulation tools, to assess the performance and associated sensitivities of this deformable mirror. Our analyses show that, given the current limited insight concerning the process window of EUV generation, the HPAM module should have an actuator pitch of &le; 4 mm. Furthermore we have modelled the sensitivity of performance with respect to dimpling and actuator noise. For example, for a deformable mirror with an actuator pitch of 4 mm, and if the associated performance impact is to be limited to smaller than 5%, the actuator noise should be smaller than 45 nm (rms). Our tools assist in the detailed design process by assessing the performance impact of various design choices, including for example those that affect the shape and spectral content of the influence function.
Zero leakage design for ducts and tube connections for deep space travel. Volume 5 - Tube connector design principles and evaluation Final report, 5 Jul. 1963 - 30 Jun. 1967 (1967)

Principles of connector testing, design evaluation of commercial connectors, and assessment of design rules for threaded connectors
The Conditional Super Learner (2021)

Using cross validation to select the best model from a library is standard practice in machine learning. Similarly, meta learning is a widely used technique where models previously developed are combined (mainly linearly) with the expectation of improving performance with respect to individual models. In this article we consider the Conditional Super Learner (CSL), an algorithm that selects the best model candidate from a library of models conditional on the covariates. The CSL expands the idea of using cross validation to select the best model and merges it with meta learning. We propose an optimization algorithm that finds a local minimum to the problem posed and proves that it converges at a rate faster than O<sub>p</sub>(n<sup>-1/4</sup>). We offer empirical evidence that: (1) CSL is an excellent candidate to substitute stacking and (2) CLS is suitable for the analysis of Hierarchical problems. Additionally, implications for global interpretability are emphasized.
Including Embedded Systems in CS (2019)

Embedded systems pervade nearly every aspect of modern life. Moreover, the emergence of both mobile platforms and Internet of Things (IoT) is furthering their reach. Although embedded systems are one of the bodies of knowledge in the ACM/IEEE-CS Com- puter Engineering Curricula, they have only passing mention in the ACM/IEEE-CS Computer Science Curricula. Inclusion of embedded systems concepts in undergraduate computer science can facilitate many objectives: a) they are an example of Platform-Based Devel- opment, a prominent theme in the ACM 2013 CS Curricula, b) they are often a more suitable level of complexity for educational needs than other "real world" platforms (e.g., Arduinos may be used to introduce many AP CS Principles in a single course), c) they offer a novel form of engagement, which may enhance diversity, and d) emerging areas, like IoT, are increasing demand for professionals that understand the full span of systems, from low-level firmware, to middleware and cloud computing. This panel represents three methods of including embedded systems concepts in undergraduate computer science: 1) use of em- bedded systems to improve engagement in a non-major computing course, 2) a required course covering core content for both com- puter science and computer engineering majors, and 3) a degree program offering a formal emphasis in embedded systems via a complementary set of courses. The panelists will share their motiva- tions for including embedded systems concepts in their programs, their approaches to integrating the content into their curricula, the teaching methods they use, the challenges they faced, and chal- lenges that remain.
Effect of Chemistry and Morphology on the Biofunctionality of Self-Assembling Diblock Copolypeptide Hydrogels (2003)

Amphiphilic, diblock copolypeptides of hydrophilic lysine or glutamic acid and hydrophobic leucine or valine have been observed to self-assemble into rigid hydrogels in aqueous solution at neutral pH and very low volume fraction of polymer, > or =0.5 wt % polypeptide. Laser scanning confocal microscopy and ultra small angle neutron scattering revealed a heterogeneous microstructure with distinct domains of hydrogel matrix and pure water pores. In situ nanoscale characterization, using cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, revealed a porous, interconnected membranous network of assembled polypeptides. At concentrations of polypeptide below gelation, diblocks containing lysine were cytotoxic to cells, whereas those containing glutamic acid were noncytotoxic. At higher polypeptide concentrations, within rigid gel scaffolds, both lysine and glutamic acid based diblocks were noncytotoxic but did not support cell attachment/proliferation. The cationic chemistry observed as cytotoxic in the fluid state was essentially inert in the intact, rigid hydrogel state.
Expandindo o conceito de competência política: conhecimento político e atitudes democráticas na América Latina (2018)

Resumo Introdução: Existe um longo debate a respeito das qualidades que o cidadão comum deve possuir para o bom funcionamento da democracia. O foco da literatura tem sido investigar a capacidade de os eleitores tomarem “boas decisões” nas eleições, com destaque para o papel do conhecimento político. Partindo desse debate, propomos uma ampliação do conceito de “competência política” que ultrapasse as tomadas de decisões próprias do processo eleitoral e que abarque, também, os valores democráticos. De forma mais específica, buscamos compreender qual efeito que o conhecimento político exerce sobre a adesão a diferentes princípios democráticos. Materiais e Métodos: Para isso, utilizamos dados do Barômetro das Américas de 2008. A medida de conhecimento factual foi obtida com perguntas como “qual o nome do presidente/líder do Congresso”, “quanto tempo dura o mandato do presidente ou primeiro ministro” etc. A medida de atitudes democráticas foi obtida com perguntas como “a democracia é preferível a qualquer outra forma de governo” ou “sob algumas circunstâncias, um governo autoritário pode ser preferível a um regime democrático”, entre outras. Resultados: Os resultados demonstram que o conhecimento político tem um efeito positivo e estatisticamente significativo não só sobre a preferência pela democracia, como também sobre os princípios subjacentes ao regime, como o apoio às eleições livres e competitivas, a participação política, o controle e a separação dos poderes, o primado da lei e a tolerância. Discussão: Argumentamos que esses achados têm implicações importantes para as pesquisas sobre a relação entre conhecimento político e legitimidade democrática.
Single Cell and Plasma RNA Sequencing for RNA Liquid Biopsy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma (2021)

The combination of single-cell transcriptomic analysis and plasma RNA sequencing represents an approach for the development of new noninvasive cancer markers.
Plicatamide, an Antimicrobial Octapeptide from Styela plicata Hemocytes (2003)

Plicatamide (Phe-Phe-His-Leu-His-Phe-His-dc Delta DOPA), where dc Delta DOPA represents decarboxy-(E)-alpha,beta-dehydro-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine, is a potently antimicrobial octapeptide from the blood cells of the solitary tunicate, Styela plicata. Wild type and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) responded to plicatamide exposure with a massive potassium efflux that began within seconds. Soon thereafter, treated bacteria largely ceased consuming oxygen, and most became nonviable. Native plicatamide also formed cation-selective channels in model lipid bilayers composed of bacterial lipids. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus treated with plicatamide for 5 min contained prominent mesosomes as well as multiple, small dome-shaped surface protrusions that suggested the involvement of osmotic forces in its antimicrobial effects. To ascertain the contribution of the C-terminal dc Delta DOPA residue to antimicrobial activity, we synthesized several analogues of plicatamide that lacked it. One of these peptides, PL-101 (Phe-Phe-His-Leu-His-Phe-His-Tyr-amide), closely resembled native plicatamide in its antimicrobial activity and its ability to induce potassium efflux. Plicatamide was potently hemolytic for human red blood cells but did not lyse ovine erythrocytes. The small size, rapid action, and potent anti-staphylococcal activity of plicatamide and PL-101 make them intriguing subjects for future antimicrobial peptide design.
Hollow porous-wall glass microspheres for hydrogen storage (2023)

A porous wall hollow glass microsphere is provided having a diameter range of between 1 to 200 microns, a density of between 1.0 to 2.0 gm/cc, a porous-wall structure having wall openings defining an average pore size of between 10 to 1000 angstroms, and which contains therein a hydrogen storage material. The porous-wall structure facilitates the introduction of a hydrogen storage material into the interior of the porous wall hollow glass microsphere. In this manner, the resulting hollow glass microsphere can provide a membrane for the selective transport of hydrogen through the porous walls of the microsphere, the small pore size preventing gaseous or liquid contaminants from entering the interior of the hollow glass microsphere.
Decreasing effects of protein kinase inhibitors on the expression of NOS2 and inflammatory cytokines and on phagocytosis in rat peritoneal macrophages is partly related to repolarization (2022)

The JAK/STAT (Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription) pathway plays a pivotal role in macrophage polarization, but other signaling routes may also be involved. The aim of this study was to reveal the relationship of activation between rat peritoneal macrophages and their polarization, to detect the signaling routes involved, and find selective protein kinase inhibitors decreasing the production of inflammatory proteins in activated peritoneal macrophages. Rat macrophages were elicited with i.p. casein injection. CD80 and CD206 markers, NOS2 (Nitric oxide synthase 2), arginase, cytokines and phagocytosis were investigated by ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay), Western Blot, fluorescent microscopic and flow cytometry. Statistical methods were ANOVA (Analysis Of Variance) and Student t-tests. Resident and elicited cells expressed both CD80 and CD206 polarization markers. The involvement of MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinases) and JAK/STAT pathways in the polarization was evidenced by a phosphorylation array, supported by Western blotting, by cytokine markers and by the inhibitory effects of kinase inhibitors. The expression of NOS2 and inflammatory cytokines was higher in elicited cells suggesting their M1 polarization. This effect was reduced by the inhibitors of MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways. Phagocytosis was also higher in elicited macrophages and decreased by these inhibitors. Nevertheless, they cannot change macrophage polarization unambiguously, as levels of CD80 and CD206 markers were not changed. For comparison, human blood macrophages were also studied. Similar effects and several differences were observed between the two types of macrophages, suggesting the role of the previous differentiation in defining their characteristics. Selected anti-cancer protein kinase inhibitors of p38, MAPK and JAK/STAT pathways are possible candidates for the therapy of inflammatory diseases.
Understanding of the depth of focus evolution from an analysis of the iso-focal point (2005)

For the 90nm node and below the Depth of Focus (DOF) becomes more and more critical. To increase the DOF lithographers have introduced resolution enhancement techniques (RET) such as sub-resolution assist features (SRAF) which are today largely used by the semiconductor industry for 120nm, 90nm and 65nm technologies. Bruce Smith [1] showed that the improvement of the DOF from the adding of the scatter bars depends on the position of the iso-focal intensity threshold compared to the critical dimension (CD) intensity threshold. When these two points are at the same position the DOF is maximum. This paper shows the theoretical link between the iso-focal point and the evolution of the DOF. It will be shown that the link between these two parameters can be described by a simple equation. The theoretical expression shows a good estimation of the DOF evolution. The theoretical evolution of the iso-focal point is obtained from the expressions of the intensity. We will see that its variation is basically a function of the transmission and of the diffraction orders interfering. The expressions giving the evolution of the iso- focal point follows the trends obtained by conventional lithography simulation. We have studied the theoretical evolution of the iso-focal point for the mask types used by the semiconductor industry such as binary, alternating and attenuated phase shift masks. We will also see how this evolution of the iso-focal point impacts the depth of focus and that the DOF can be improved by an adjustment of the iso-focal point.