gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pancreatic pathophysiology in cystic fibrosis (2015)

The pancreas is one of the earliest, and most commonly affected, organs in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Studying the pathogenesis of pancreatic disease is limited in CF patients, due to its early clinical onset, co-morbidities and lack of tissue samples from the early phases of disease. In recent years, several new CF animal models have been developed that have advanced our understanding of both CF exocrine and endocrine pancreatic disease. Additionally, these models have helped us to better define the influence of pancreatic lesions on CF disease progression in other organs, such as the gastrointestinal tract and lung.
Axial and Radial Force Control for a CO 2 Scroll Expander (2009)

Abstract In this study, the scroll profile of the scroll expander was designed for CO2 refrigerant in order to make use of overexpansion and to control the axial force on the thrust bearing. This approach realized that the orbiting scroll never separated from the stationary scroll even when the operating condition changed dramatically. From the analysis on the oil-film pressure forces of the main and eccentric bearings, the radial force between the scroll wraps could be controlled, which in turn contributed to a decrease in the leakage loss in the expansion process. Test results for a prototype of the scroll expander with high-pressure shell design demonstrated the volumetric efficiency as high as 96%.
A prion primer. (1997)

By biological and medical criteria, prions are infectious agents; however, many of their properties differ profoundly from those of conventional microbes. Prions are "encoded" by alterations in protein conformation rather than in nucleic acid or amino acid sequence. New epidemic prion diseases (bovine spongiform encephalopathy and new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) have recently emerged under the active surveillance of the modern world. The risk of contracting prion disease from blood products or other biologicals is now a focus of worldwide concern. Much has been discovered about prions and prion diseases, but much remains to be done.
Morphology and mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal– epoxy composites (2002)

Abstract Plant fibers are of increasing interest for use in composite materials. They are renewable resources and waste management is easier than with glass fibers. In the present study, longitudinal stiffness and strength as well as morphology of unidirectional sisal–epoxy composites manufactured by resin transfer molding (RTM) were studied. Horseshoe‐shaped sisal fiber bundles (technical fibers) were nonuniformly distributed in the matrix. In contrast to many wood composites, lumen was not filled by polymer matrix. Technical sisal fibers showed higher effective modulus when included in the composite material than in the technical fiber test (40 GPa as compared with 24 GPa). In contrast, the effective technical fiber strength in the composites was estimated to be around 400 MPa in comparison with a measured technical fiber tensile strength of 550 MPa. Reasons for these phenomena are discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2358–2365, 2002
DLB and PDD boundary issues (2007)

For more than a decade, researchers have refined criteria for the diagnosis of dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and at the same time have recognized that cognitive impairment and dementia occur commonly in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). This article addresses the relationship between DLB, PD, and PD with dementia (PDD). The authors agreed to endorse "Lewy body disorders" as the umbrella term for PD, PDD, and DLB, to promote the continued practical use of these three clinical terms, and to encourage efforts at drug discovery that target the mechanisms of neurodegeneration shared by these disorders of alpha-synuclein metabolism. We concluded that the differing temporal sequence of symptoms and clinical features of PDD and DLB justify distinguishing these disorders. However, a single Lewy body disorder model was deemed more useful for studying disease pathogenesis because abnormal neuronal alpha-synuclein inclusions are the defining pathologic process common to both PDD and DLB. There was consensus that improved understanding of the pathobiology of alpha-synuclein should be a major focus of efforts to develop new disease-modifying therapies for these disorders. The group agreed on four important priorities: 1) continued communication between experts who specialize in PDD or DLB; 2) initiation of prospective validation studies with autopsy confirmation of DLB and PDD; 3) development of practical biomarkers for alpha-synuclein pathologies; 4) accelerated efforts to find more effective treatments for these diseases.
Dynamics of a Linear Generator for Wave Energy Conversion (2004)

A concept is presented where the piston of a seabed based linear generator is directly driven by a buoy on the water surface. A spring is connected to the other end of the piston. Thereby the buoy absorbs energy in two ways. A large number of poles are used as an “electromagnetic gearbox” which gives a high rate of flux change in the stator despite the slow piston motion. The damping force is a function of the velocity and the electric output power. In the studied concept the power from the generator is rectified with a diode bridge. The results of theoretical studies of output power and its interaction with the dynamics of the equation of motion are presented. It is shown that the DC voltage can be tuned to optimize the power production for each wave climate.
The Intestinal Microbiota Contributes to the Control of Highly Pathogenic H5N9 Influenza Virus Replication in Ducks (2019)

ABSTRACT Ducks usually show little or no clinical signs following highly pathogenic avian influenza virus infection. In order to analyze if the gut microbiota could contribute to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks, we used a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic treatment to deplete the gut microbiota before infection with a highly pathogenic H5N9 avian influenza virus. Antibiotic-treated ducks and non-treated control ducks did not show any clinical signs following H5N9 virus infection. We did not detect any difference in virus titers neither in the respiratory tract, nor in the brain and spleen. However, we found that antibiotic-treated H5N9 virus infected ducks had significantly increased intestinal virus excretion at day 3 and 5 post-infection. This was associated with a significantly decreased antiviral immune response in the intestine of antibiotic-treated ducks. Our findings highlight the importance of an intact microbiota for an efficient control of avian influenza virus replication in ducks. IMPORTANCE Ducks are frequently infected with avian influenza viruses belonging to multiple subtypes. They represent an important reservoir species of avian influenza viruses, which can occasionally be transmitted to other bird species or mammals, including humans. Ducks thus have a central role in the epidemiology of influenza virus infection. Importantly, ducks usually show little or no clinical signs even following infection with a highly pathogenic avian influenza virus. We provide evidence that the intestinal microbiota contributes to the control of influenza virus replication in ducks by modulating the antiviral immune response. Ducks are able to control influenza virus replication more efficiently when they have an intact intestinal microbiota. Therefore, maintaining a healthy microbiota by limiting perturbations to its composition should contribute to prevention of avian influenza virus spread from the duck reservoir.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ELECTRONICALLY EXCITED ALLYLBENZENE DERIVATIVES. 4. PHOTOCHEMICAL ADDITION OF ANILINES TO 1,3‐DIENES (1980)

Abstract Piperylen, Butadien und Cyclohexadien an schema skizziert.
The Prospect of Hydrogen Storage Using Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (2019)

Reducing CO2 emissions is an urgent global priority. The enforcement of a CO2 tax, stringent regulations, and investment in renewables are some of the mitigation strategies currently in place. For a smooth transition to renewable energy, the energy storage issue must be addressed decisively. Hydrogen is regarded as a clean energy carrier; however, its low density at ambient conditions makes its storage challenging. The storage of hydrogen in liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) systems has numerous advantages over conventional storage systems. Most importantly, hydrogen storage and transport in the form of LOHC systems enables the use of the existing infrastructure for fuel. From a thermodynamic point of view, hydrogen storage in LOHC systems requires an exothermic hydrogenation step and an endothermic dehydrogenation step. Interestingly, hydrogenation and dehydrogenation can be carried out at the same temperature level. Under high hydrogen pressures (typically above 20 bar as provided from electrolysis or methane reforming), LOHC charging occurs and catalytic hydrogenation takes place. Under low hydrogen pressures (typically below 5 bar), hydrogen release from the LOHC system takes place. Hydrogen release from charged LOHC systems is always in conflict between highly power-dense hydrogen production and LOHC stability over many charging/discharging cycles. We therefore discuss the role of different catalyst materials on hydrogen productivity and LOHC stability. The use of density functional theory techniques to determine adsorption energies and to identify rate-determining steps in the LOHC conversion processes is also described. Furthermore, the performance of a LOHC dehydrogenation unit is strongly dependent on the applied reactor configuration. Industrial implementation of the LOHC technology has started but is still in an early stage. Related to this, we have identified promising application scenarios for the South African energy market.
Inflation adjusted LCCA of a comparative study of an Integral abutment bridge and a Concrete bridge with expansion joints (2010)

Gervasio H. et al [1]in there comparative life cycle analysis of an integral abutment composite bridge and concrete bridge have established the advantages of integral bridge due to its limited initial construction cost and maintenance and repair costs during its life cycle. This paper is based on the same data with a modification to the life cycle cost analysis of the bridge by using an inflation adjusted discount rate. In standard bridge structures, expansion joints are one of the most expensive components to maintain. In this regard, joint less bridge have major advantages. Integral bridges are built without joints, they span from one abutment to the other abutment, possibly over intermediate piers, without any joints in the deck. The absence of joints and bearings results in savings in initial costs and reduce maintenance efforts. Apart from economic benefits, the reduction of maintenance leads to less disturbance of the traffic over the bridge and thus to smaller environmental and social impacts. In this paper a case study is presented with the purpose of making a comparative life cycle analysis between an integral composite bridge and a concrete bridge with expansion joints. The result of this life cycle analysis will enhance the advantages of the former solution in regards to the economic and environmental aspects.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin does not predict acute kidney injury in heart failure (2020)

In our population, sNGAL does not predict CRS-1, probably as a consequence of the mild renal injury and the low severity of heart disease. So, these data might suggest that patient selection should be taken into account when considering the utility of NGAL measurement as a biomarker of kidney damage.
<i>Ab initio</i> Modeling of the Stress-Strain Response of SiAlON (Si<SUB>6-<i>z</i></SUB>Al<SUB><i>z</i></SUB>O<SUB><i>z</i></SUB>N<SUB>8-<i>z</i></SUB>, <i>z</i> = 0.5 and 1) (2004)

A derivative of the Si3N4 ceramic is the quaternary SiAlON solid solution. In this paper the characteristic stress-strain response of the β-and c-SiAlON phases is investigated using an ab initio computational procedure, for the γ11 strain component, where different substitutions of the atomic pairs, Al-O, were performed. From the modeled data the ‘ideal’ strengths and other material constants were estimated for the two polymorphs. Estimates of the elastic constants were found to be in reasonable agreement with existing data.
Long‐term safety and tolerability of romiplostim in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia: a pooled analysis of 13 clinical trials (2013)

Romiplostim is the TPOra for which the longest duration of safety data is available. Our data demonstrate that long-term romiplostim treatment is well tolerated, with no new safety signals, even in patients treated for up to 5 yr.
Demonstration of 9-O-Acetyl-N-acetylneuraminic Acid in Brain Gangliosides from Various Vertebrates Including Man (1977)

The hydrolysis of acetonitrile has been studied theoretically by different ab initio methods (RHF, DFT, and MP2). Two Brønsted acid catalysts have been compared: zeolite and HCl(H2O)x=2,1 clusters. Some interesting analogies have been found for the reaction path catalyzed by these different acids, especially in the hydration transition state. The size and the configuration of a zeolite cluster model have an important influence on predicting the reaction mechanism. The van der Waals interactions also play an important role in this reaction. Due to these interactions, oxygen atoms of the zeolite cavity can stabilize charged species as N- and O-protonated acetamide configurations. For the zeolite catalyst, the rate-limiting step of the overall reaction is the hydration of acetonitrile. On the other hand, in the hydrochloric acid catalysis, the rate-limiting step is either the hydration or the isomerization step. Acetamide appears to be the most stable species adsorbed on zeolite and it is responsible for poisoning the reaction.
Clinical Validation of Artificial Intelligence–Augmented Pathology Diagnosis Demonstrates Significant Gains in Diagnostic Accuracy in Prostate Cancer Detection (2022)

This study demonstrates the effectiveness and safety of an AI tool for pathologists in simulated diagnostic practice, bridging the gap between computational pathology research and its clinical application, and resulted in the first US Food and Drug Administration authorization of an AI system in pathology.
Gas Turbine Exhaust Emissions Monitoring Using Non-Intrusive Infrared Spectroscopy (1997)

Infrared (IR) spectra of the exhaust emissions from a static gas turbine engine have been studied using Fourier Transform (FT) spectroscopic techniques. Passive detection of the infrared emission from remote (range ∼ 3 m) hot exhaust gases was obtained non-intrusively using a high spectral resolution (0.25 cm−1) FTIR spectrometer. Remote gas temperatures were determined from their emission spectra using the total radiant flux method or by analysis of rotational line structure. The HITRAN database of atmospheric species was used to model the emission from gas mixtures at the relevant temperatures. The spatial distribution of molecular species across a section transverse to the exhaust plume −10 cm downstream of the jet pipe nozzle was studied using a tomographic reconstruction procedure. Spectra of the infrared emission from the plume were taken along a number of transverse lines of sight from the centreline of the engine outwards. A mathematical matrix inversion technique was applied to reconstruct the molecular concentrations of CO and CO2 in concentric regions about the centreline. Quantitative measurements of the molecular species concentrations determined non-intrusively were compared with results from conventional extractive sampling techniques.
Cellular Pharmacology of D-d4FC, a Nucleoside Analogue Active against Drug-Resistant HIV (2003)

The backbone of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens for the treatment of HIV infections currently contains at least two nucleosides. Among the features that influence the potency of each component of a regimen and the overall efficacy of the combination are the cellular uptake and bioconversion of nucleoside analogues to their active triphosphate form, and the extent of possible interactions in these steps that might occur when more than one nucleoside is used in a regimen. D-d4FC (Reverset), a new cytidine analogue with the ability to inhibit many nucleoside-resistant viral variants, was examined for these parameters. In phytohemaglutinin-stimulated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, D-d4FC was taken up in a rapid (8 h to 50% maximal value), saturable (plateau above 10 microM parent nucleoside concentration) process, resulting in levels of D-d4FC triphosphate that should provide potent antiviral activity against a variety of virus genotypes. Based on measurement of antiviral effects in cell culture, additive and in some cases, synergistic interactions were observed with protease inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or other nucleosides, including cytidine analogues.
Molecular control of δ-opioid receptor signalling (2020)

Opioids represent widely prescribed and abused medications, although their signal transduction mechanisms are not well understood. Here we present the 1.8Å high-resolution crystal structure of the human δ-opioid receptor (δ-OR), revealing the presence and fundamental role of a sodium ion mediating allosteric control of receptor functional selectivity and constitutive activity. The distinctive δ-OR sodium ion site architecture is centrally located in a polar interaction network in the 7-transmembrane bundle core, with the sodium ion stabilizing a reduced agonist affinity state, and thereby modulating signal transduction. Site-directed mutagenesis and functional studies reveal that changing the allosteric sodium site residue Asn131 to alanine or valine augments constitutive arrestin-ergic signaling. Asp95Ala, Asn310Ala, and Asn314Ala mutations transform classical δ-opioid antagonists like naltrindole into potent β-arrestin-biased agonists. The data establish the molecular basis for allosteric sodium ion control in opioid signaling, revealing that sodium-coordinating residues act as “efficacy-switches” at a prototypic G protein-coupled receptor.
A 45nm Low Cost Low Power Platform by Using Integrated Dual-Stress-Liner Technology (2006)

Device performance has been boosted by integrating dual-stress-liners (DSL) in a 45nm low power platform as a cost effective approach. A stress-proximity-technique (SPT) has been explored to improve device performance without adding process complexity. Record drain currents of 840/490 μA/μm have been achieved for NMOS and PMOS, respectively, at 1.2V and off-leakage current of 1nA/μm. Junction profiles have been optimized to reduce the gate-induced-drain-leakage (GIDL). An asymmetric IO has been integrated into this low power technology for the first time, offering multiple advantages including low cost, performance gain up to 30% and reliability improvement as well
Supplementary Figure Legends 1-2 from Hypoxia-Inducible miR-210 Regulates the Susceptibility of Tumor Cells to Lysis by Cytotoxic T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 88K&lt;/p&gt;
Advanced Requirements for IPv6 Customer Edge Routers (2010)

This document continues the work undertaken by the IPv6 CE Router
Phase I work in the IETF v6ops Working Group. Advanced requirements or
Phase II work is covered in this document.
Constitutive Activation of JAK1 in Src-transformed Cells (1997)

We have previously found that the signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) 3 is constitutively activated in cells stably transformed by the v-Src oncoprotein. While activation of Stat proteins has also been observed following epidermal growth factor or platelet-derived growth factor stimulation, Stat3 activation is more commonly associated with signaling through cytokine receptors and activation of the Janus family tyrosine kinases JAK1 or JAK2. We therefore investigated whether JAK1 or JAK2 were activated in Src-transformed cells. In three v-Src-transformed fibroblast cell lines (NIH3T3, Balb/c, and 3Y1), JAK1 displayed increased tyrosyl phosphorylation compared to non-transformed cells. The level of tyrosyl phosphorylation of JAK1 was significantly greater in NIH3T3 cells transformed by expression of v-Src or high levels of a constitutively active mutant of c-Src (Y527F) than in cells overexpressing the less transforming normal c-Src. Enzymatic activity of JAK1 was assessed using autophosphorylation assays. In anti-JAK1 immunoprecipitates from v-Src-transformed NIH3T3 cells, a protein with the same migration as JAK1 showed substantially increased levels of 32P incorporation compared to immunoprecipitates from non-transformed cells. Similar results were obtained using anti-JAK2 immunoprecipitates; however, the level of JAK2 tyrosyl phosphorylation and 32P incorporation in anti-JAK2 immunoprecipitates were markedly lower than in anti-JAK1 immunoprecipitates. We conclude that JAK1, and possibly JAK2, are constitutively activated in Src-transformed cells, raising the possibility that Janus family kinases contribute to the constitutive activation of Stat3 previously observed in these cells and/or other properties of Src-transformed cells.
Carrier transport in layered nanolaminated carbides (2017)

This paper summarizes the ab-initio electronic and phonon band structures and the temperature-dependent carrier transport in layered Ti2AlC. It is found that the cylindrical Fermi surface is the origin of the anisotropic carrier effective mass (infinite effective mass along the c axis), which leads to a strong anisotropic (insulator along the c axis and metallic along the layer) carrier transport in these films. Using electronic and phonon band structure calculations, we have developed an analytical model for the carrier-phonon interaction and the in-plane carrier conductivity originating from the strong inter-valley (s → d) scattering in Ti2AlC. The density functional theory is used to calculate the average deformation potential corresponding to the acoustic phonon vibrations. The calculated deformation potential is in good agreement with the extracted deformation potential from the transport data available in the literature. The extracted deformation potential will be useful for predicting the transport quantities of these metals at elevated temperatures.
Optimization Material Distribution in Electromagnetic Actuators (2015)

Abstract: In this paper, a new approach for Optimization Material Distribution is proposed. The principle behind this approach is to use a surface genetic algorithm in order to determine material distribution in a fixed Finite Element Computation mesh. The method proved to be very adaptive to various kinds of electromagnetic actuator optimizations. In the final paper, several optimal actuators will be presented. 1
Supplementary Table S2 from Linking Tumor Mutations to Drug Responses via a Quantitative Chemical–Genetic Interaction Map (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table S2. Drugs and their concentrations used in the isogenic drug screen.&lt;/p&gt;
In situ texture monitoring for growth of oriented cubic boron nitride films (1999)

We report evidence for oriented growth of pure-phase cubic boron nitride on silicon (100) substrates. The films are deposited at high temperatures (up to 1200 °C) by reduced-bias ion-assisted sputtering. The growth technique produces highly textured c-BN films with relatively large grain size (∼1000 Å) and reduced residual stress as the bias voltage is decreased. We have been able to grow thick (up to 2 μm) cubic boron nitride films containing 100% of the cubic phase with the (001) crystallographic axis of c-BN oriented perpendicular to the surface of the film. We show how reflection high-energy electron diffraction applied to texture monitoring in polycrystalline films can be used as an in situ process control technique that allows texture identification and quantitative characterization of its angular spread.