gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a chondroitin sulfate bioadhesive to enhance integration of bioglass particles for repairing critical-size bone defects (2014)

Replacement of autogenous or allograft bones by artificial graft materials represents a growing area of interest in current bone repair strategies. Bioactive ceramics in particulate form, such as Bioglass (BG) 45S5, stimulate bone mineralization comparable to autologous bone grafts, but have potential issues of particle migration and inflammation. The aim of this study was to employ a chondroitin sulfate- (CS-) based bioadhesive to improve integration of the bioglass (NovaBone Putty) to prevent particle migration and promote bone regeneration. This BG-CS composite can encapsulate bone marrow (BM) to form a mechanically stable construct, BG-CS-BM. Rheological characterization confirmed the formation of CS-BM hydrogel by reacting the CS-based bioadhesive with the BM. Compared to the bioglass, the BG-CS-BM composite demonstrated a superior capacity to maintain construct integrity under both aqueous and turbulent environments in vitro. After implantation for 4 weeks in a critical-size distal femoral bone defect in a rabbit model, there was significantly greater bone growth in BG-CS-BM as compared to bioglass-only and the empty control. Unlike BG-CS-BM, BG-CS recruited BM in situ from the bone defect. BG-CS demonstrated a similar effect in bone formation but at a comparatively slower rate than BG-CS-BM over 6-weeks' implantation.
Flap endonuclease 1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer and is associated with a high Gleason score (2006)

FEN-1 is overexpressed in prostate cancer compared with matched normal prostate, and its expression increases with tumour dedifferentiation, as shown by increasing Gleason score. These results suggest that FEN-1 might be a potential marker for selecting patients at high risk, and a potential target for prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy.
On-line acquisition and processing for spike detection and analysis in long monitoring of human scalp EEG (2002)

Describes the implementation of a system for on-line acquisition and processing in long-term monitoring for spike detection and a quantitative-qualitative analysis of the human scalp EEG. The spike recognition method is based in the morphological signal characterization, with special emphasis in the sharpness criteria. This work constitutes a stage of a computerized system development for amplification, signal conditioning, acquisition, processing and analysis of the human scalp EEG for basic clinical and research applications.
Protein-Protein Interactions of Proteins from the ESAT-6 Family ofMycobacterium tuberculosis (2004)

In the present study, we demonstrate that, in analogy with the genes encoding ESAT-6 and CFP-10, the genes rv0287 and rv0288 from the ESAT-6 gene family are cotranscribed. Using Western-Western blotting and protein-print overlay methodologies, we demonstrate that ESAT-6 and CFP-10, as well as the protein pair Rv0288/Rv0287, interact pairwise in a highly specific way. Most notably, the ESAT-6 proteins interact directly with Rv3873, a possible cell envelope component of the ESAT-6 secretion pathway.
Vegetated Submerged Beds with Artificial Substrates. II: N and P Removal (1991)

Settled wastewater was batch fed into 22‐L microcosms containing monocultures of the emergent aquatic plants, Sagittaria latifolia, Scirpus pungens, Phragmites australis, and Typha latifolia. Plants were cultured in 1.25 cm gravel and 2.5 and 5.0 cm plastic trickling filter media with specific surface areas of 394, 279, and 138m2/m3 respectively. Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) removal rates [i.e., grams removed per meter square per day] were compared at three target hydraulic loading rates (HLR): 4.7, 9.4, and 18.8 cm/day. N removal increased linearly for all plants over an N loading range of 0.6-4.4g/(m2⋅day), with percent N removal greater than 75% for Typha and Sagittaria. Nitrogen removal rate was independent of the specific surface area of the substrate. Vegetated pots removed more N than the nonvegetated pots at the higher N loading rates. Phosphorus removal rate increased in proportion to P loading over the range of 0.14-0.92g/(m2⋅day). At the HLR of 18.8 cm/day, Typha, Sagittaria, and nonvegetated systems removed more P[>0.43g/(m2⋅day)] than Scirpus and Phragmites[<0.26g/(m2⋅day)].
Genetically Engineered Crops: Importance of Diversified Integrated Pest Management for Agricultural Sustainability (2019)

As the global population continues to expand, utilizing an integrated approach to pest management will be critically important for food security, agricultural sustainability, and environmental protection. Genetically engineered (GE) crops that provide protection against insects and diseases, or tolerance to herbicides are important tools that complement a diversified integrated pest management (IPM) plan. However, despite the advantages that GE crops may bring for simplifying the approach and improving efficiency of pest and weed control, there are also challenges for successful implementation and sustainable use. This paper considers how several GE traits, including those that confer protection against insects by expression of proteins from <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> (Bt), traits that confer tolerance to herbicides, and RNAi-based traits that confer resistance to viral pathogens, can be key elements of a diversified IPM plan for several different crops in both developed and developing countries. Additionally, we highlight the importance of community engagement and extension, strong partnership between industry, regulators and farmers, and education and training programs, for achieving long-term success. By leveraging the experiences gained with these GE crops, understanding the limitations of the technology, and considering the successes and failures of GE traits in IPM plans for different crops and regions, we can improve the sustainability and versatility of IPM plans that incorporate these and future technologies.
Sulfonyl esters. 2. CS cleavage in some substitution reactions of nitrobenzenesulfonates (1990)

An attempt to explore aromatic sulfonate esters as agents for the condensation of alcohols with mercaptans revealed an unusual process for sulfonate esters: CS bond rupture. Two mechanistic possibilities for CS bond rupture are explored: (i) radical anion intermediacy via single electron transfer and (ii) nucleophilic aromatic substitution. Both experiments and molecular orbital computations are presented to support the conclusion that nucleophilic aromatic substitutions are occurring. Keywords: sulfonyl esters, nitrobenzenesulfonates, CS bond rupture.
Synthesis, structural and conformational properties, and gas phase reactivity of 1,4-dihydropyridine ester and ketone derivatives (2010)

A new series of 4-aryl-2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridines, characterized by ester or ketone functions at positions 3 and 5, has been synthesized. Structural and conformational properties, concerning the dihydropyridine ring and the orientation (synplanar/antiperiplanar) of the substituents have been investigated in their crystal structure and in solution by nuclear magnetic resonance. Evaluation of intermolecular and hydrogen bonding interactions as well as packing features, have been also carried out, evidencing interesting packing motifs. Their gas phase reactivity, as protonated and deprotonated molecules, has been investigated by electrospray ionization, high resolution and collision-induced dissociation multiple stage mass spectrometry. Deydrogenation reactions have been observed as a function of the capillary voltage.
Lack of Effect of the Length of Oligoglycine- and Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Derived para-Substituents on the Affinity of Benzenesulfonamides for Carbonic Anhydrase II in Solution (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLack of Effect of the Length of Oligoglycine- and Oligo(ethylene glycol)-Derived para-Substituents on the Affinity of Benzenesulfonamides for Carbonic Anhydrase II in SolutionAhamindra Jain, Shaw G. Huang, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 12, 5057–5062Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00091a005Request reuse permissionsArticle Views974Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Effects of Sandostatin on Plasma Chromogranin-A Levels in Neuroendocrine Tumors* (1989)

We have determined the effects of Sandostatin (SMS 201-995, Sandoz) on chromogranin-A (CgA) in the blood of 14 patients with neuroendocrine tumors of the gastroenteropancreatic axis, 7 with carcinoid tumors, 5 with gastrinomas, and 1 each with a glucagonoma and tumor-secreting vasoactive intestinal peptide. Two thirds of the patients had elevated plasma CgA. Sandostatin administration suppressed CgA in 12 of the 14 patients. In 8 of 10, the clinical response to Sandostatin paralleled the reduction in CgA levels. There was a strong correlation between the change in CgA levels and the respective blood concentration of the hormone produced by the tumor. Serial measurement of CgA may provide an additional means of monitoring these tumors and their secretory activity where other measures are not available.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Circulating Cell-Free DNA to Guide Prostate Cancer Treatment with PARP Inhibition (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Plots showing percentage changes in total cfDNA concentration for each patient at weeks 4 and 8 of treatment, compared to same-patient baseline value. The left plot includes non-responding patients and the right plot includes patients who responded to olaparib in the clinical trial. Below, Mann-Whitney test comparing these changes at each time point for responders and non-responder patients.&lt;/p&gt;
Generalized Radio Environment Monitoring for Next Generation Wireless\n Networks (2020)

Enabling technologies of 5G and beyond wireless communication networks, such\nas millimeter-wave communication, beamforming, and multiple-input\nmultiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems, are becoming increasingly dependent on\naccurate information of the physical environment for optimized communication\nperformance. The acquisition of this information is a significant challenge,\nwhich can be eased by knowledge of the radio environment. Radio environment\nmapping (REM) has long been considered an enabler of cognitive radios (CRs).\nHowever, the limitations of radios effectively confined the application of REM\nto spectrum sensing and interference mapping. With the advent of more capable\nsoftware-defined radios and advanced networks, the idea of a truly intelligent\ncommunication system empowered by enhanced REM can be realized. To this effect,\nwe propose the generalized radio environment monitoring (G-REM) concept to\ninclude all aspects of the radio environment. We outline a general, self\ncontained framework which enables radio environment monitoring in standalone\ndevices. The presented G-REM framework comprises of different information\nsources, sensing methods, sensing modes, and mapping techniques to enable the\nrealization of more reliable, secure, efficient, and faster future wireless\nnetworks. The accompanying challenges and future research direction are also\nprovided.\n
All-Optical Quasi-Phase Matching and Quantum Path Control by Counter Propagating Pulse Trains (2007)

We enhance high-order harmonic generation at 70 eV in argon and 145 eV in helium by orders of magnitude using counterpropagating pulsetrains. We also demonstrate coherent control on attosecond timescales by selective enhancement of different quantum trajectories.
Soot Combustion Activity and Potassium Mobility in Diesel Particulate Filters Coated with a K–Ca–Si–O Glass Catalyst (2019)

Potassium volatility and activity in a novel K–Ca–Si–O glass catalyst was investigated over extended periods of soot oxidation. Soot was continuously deposited and oxidized by maintaining a glass catalyst-coated filter at temperatures above the oxidation balance point to provide a soot mass equivalent to 100 000 miles of engine operation. Testing revealed the 52-SiO2, 35-K2O, and 13-CaO wt % glass catalysts show a significant improvement in soot oxidation performance over a Pt catalyst. The glass catalyst retains soot oxidation catalytic activity even after testing equivalent to 100 000 miles of use. Migration of potassium in the catalyzed filter from the inlet to the outlet channels was observed. Although potassium was detected on an uncoated downstream core after 50 h of testing, showing that some volatilization of K occurs, the catalyst retains remarkable activity. Surface analysis characterization shows K enrichment of the catalytic glass surface relative to the bulk, which supports the proposed mechanism that water vapor in the diesel exhaust draws K+ ions to the glass surface. The studies demonstrate that a glass designed to allow the catalyst surface to be replenished with K ions on a continuous basis can overcome previous concerns about the durability of soot catalysts relying on alkali metals.
GtrS and GltR form a two-component system: the central role of 2-ketogluconate in the expression of exotoxin A and glucose catabolic enzymes inPseudomonas aeruginosa (2014)

In the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the GltR regulator is required for glucose transport, whereas GtrS is a sensor kinase that plays a key role in mediating bacteria-host interaction and pathogen dissemination in the host. We show that GtrS and GltR form a two-component system that regulates the expression from the promoters Pedd/gap-1, PoprB and Pglk, which control the expression of genes involved in glucose metabolism and transport. In addition, the GtrS/GltR pair regulates the expression of toxA that encodes exotoxin A, the primary virulence factor. Microcalorimetry-based ligand screening of the recombinant GtrS ligand-binding domain revealed specific binding of 2-ketogluconate (2-KG) (KD=5 μM) and 6-phosphogluconate (KD=98 μM). These effectors accelerate GtrS autophosphorylation, with concomitant transphosphorylation of GltR leading to a three-fold increase in transcription. Surprisingly, in vivo a similar increase in expression from the above promoters was observed for the mutant deficient in GltR regardless of the presence of effectors. The GltR operator site was found to contain the consensus sequence 5'-tgGTTTTTc-3'. We propose that 2-KG is a key metabolite in the stringent transcriptional control of genes involved in virulence and glucose metabolism. We show that GltR is a transcriptional repressor that is released from DNA upon phosphorylation.
The Palladium-Catalyzed Trifluoromethylation of Aryl Chlorides (2010)

available in PMC 2011 June 25.
Transformer-XL: Attentive Language Models beyond a Fixed-Length Context (2019)

Transformers have a potential of learning longer-term dependency, but are limited by a fixed-length context in the setting of language modeling. We propose a novel neural architecture Transformer-XL that enables learning dependency beyond a fixed length without disrupting temporal coherence. It consists of a segment-level recurrence mechanism and a novel positional encoding scheme. Our method not only enables capturing longer-term dependency, but also resolves the context fragmentation problem. As a result, Transformer-XL learns dependency that is 80% longer than RNNs and 450% longer than vanilla Transformers, achieves better performance on both short and long sequences, and is up to 1,800+ times faster than vanilla Transformers during evaluation. Notably, we improve the state-ofthe-art results of bpc/perplexity to 0.99 on en-wiki8, 1.08 on text8, 18.3 on WikiText-103, 21.8 on One Billion Word, and 54.5 on Penn Treebank (without finetuning). When trained only on WikiText-103, Transformer-XL manages to generate reasonably coherent, novel text articles with thousands of tokens. Our code, pretrained models, and hyperparameters are available in both Tensorflow and PyTorch 1 .
Digital-to-analog converters for high-speed optical communications using frequency interleaving: impairments and characteristics (2018)

Digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for high-speed optical communication systems based on CMOS technology have bandwidths lower than nowadays electro-optic components. A promising concept to circumvent this bottleneck is the frequency-interleaved DAC (FI-DAC) concept. In this paper, experimental results for the application of a 180 GS/s FI-DAC with 40 GHz analog bandwidth based on two DACs in a high-speed optical link are discussed and compared with simulation results. Thereby, phase and power mismatches, spectral overlap, clipping and the required DAC resolution are investigated. Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) estimations based on a discrete multi-tone (DMT) signal show the influence of the individual analog components on the signal quality.
Implementing Portable Desktops: a New Option and Comparisons (2006)

We consider the problem of using a wide variety of computers, dispersed geographically and with varied connectivity, while wanting to have each of them provide you with the same, personalized, desktop environment: operating system, customizations, applications and your documents. We describe the existing range of solutions available for this problem, and introduce and characterize the new “Desktop on a Keychain” system. We explain the tradeoffs that these various systems incur, and the ways in which we believe they are good and bad. Finally, we explore some of the security issues involved in using such systems.
Adaptive Kalman filtering for closed-loop Brain-Machine Interface systems (2011)

Brain-Machine Interface (BMI) decoding algorithms are often trained offline, but this paradigm ignores both the non-stationarity of neural signals and the feedback that exists in online, closed-loop control. To address these problems, we have developed an Adaptive Kalman Filter (AKF), a Kalman filter variant that adaptively updates its model parameters during training. For a Kalman filter decoder, batch retraining methods require completely re-estimating the parameter matrices from sufficient data to perform regression accurately, even if only small changes are necessary. Conversely, the AKF is designed to update the decoder parameters continuously and more intelligently. We simulated a population of 41 neurons learning to control a 2D computer cursor. The AKF yielded significantly faster skill acquisition and better robustness to perturbation and neuron loss than a standard Kalman filter with periodic batch retraining.
From Tele-Remote Operation to Semi-Automated Wheel-Loader (2018)

This paper presents experimental results with tele-remote operation of a wheel-loader and proposes a method to semi-automate the process. The different components of the tele-remote setup are described in the paper. We focus on the short loading cycle, which is commonly used at quarry and construction sites for moving gravel from piles onto trucks. We present results from short-loading-cycle experiments with three operators, comparing productivity between tele-remote operation and manual operation. A productivity loss of 42% with tele-remote operation motivates the case for more automation. We propose a method to automate the bucket-filling process, which is one of the key operations performed by a wheel-loader.
ENERGY BARRIERS, DEMONS, AND MINIMUM ENERGY OPERATION OF ELECTRONIC DEVICES (2005)

The presence of thermal noise dictates that an energy barrier is needed to preserve a binary state. Therefore, all electronic devices contain at least one energy barrier to control electron flow. The barrier properties determine the operating characteristics of electronic devices. Furthermore, changes in the barrier shape require changes in charge density. Operation of all charge transport devices includes charging/discharging capacitances to change barrier height. We analyze energy dissipation for several schemes of charging capacitors. A basic assumption of Reversible Computing is that the computing system is completely isolated from the thermal bath. An isolated system is a mathematical abstraction never perfectly realized in practice. Errors due to thermal excitations are equivalent to information erasure, and thus computation dissipates energy. Another source of energy dissipation is due to the need of measurement and control. To analyze this side of the problem, the Maxwell's Demon is a useful abstraction. We hold that apparent "energy savings" in models of adiabatic circuits result from neglecting the total energy needed by other parts of the system to implement the circuit.
Effects of flexible substrates on the performance of UWB planar monopole antennas (2016)

The effects of thickness and dielectric constant of flexible substrates on the performance of a circular planar monopole antenna (PMA) is reported in this paper. The antenna is printed on a flexible Polyimide substrate and fed by 50 Ω microstrip line. Results revealed that substantial effect on the antenna performance due to substrate thickness and material even if the radiating structure is ungrounded. Hence, the substrate is an essential part of the antenna and not just a supporting structure as it is the case usually assumed in the literature. As substrate thickness decreases, the following changes were observed: reduction in impedance bandwidth especially for higher dielectric constants, and slight increase in the co-polarized gain. As the dielectric constant increases the following effects were identified: the impedance bandwidth increased on the high frequencies side while it is insignificant on the lower frequencies, as well as a decreased in the co-polarized gain.
ChemInform Abstract: Armeniaspiroles, a New Class of Antibacterials: Antibacterial Activities and Total Synthesis of 5‐Chloro‐Armeniaspirole A. (2013)

Abstract Armeniaspiroles, isolated from S.armeniacus, are characterized by a novel spiro[4.4]non‐8‐ene scaffold.
Practical and Broadly Applicable Catalytic Enantioselective Additions of Allyl‐B(pin) Compounds to Ketones and α‐Ketoesters (2016)

Abstract A set of broadly applicable methods for efficient catalytic additions of easy‐to‐handle allyl‐B(pin) (pin=pinacolato) compounds to ketones and acyclic α‐ketoesters was developed. Accordingly, a large array of tertiary alcohols can be obtained in 60 to &gt;98 % yield and up to 99:1 enantiomeric ratio. At the heart of this development is rational alteration of the structures of the small‐molecule aminophenol‐based catalysts. Notably, with ketones, increasing the size of a catalyst moiety (tBu to SiPh 3 ) results in much higher enantioselectivity. With α‐ketoesters, on the other hand, not only does the opposite hold true, since Me substitution leads to substantially higher enantioselectivity, but the sense of the selectivity is reversed as well.