gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversibly growing crosslinked polymers with programmable sizes and properties (2023)

Growth constitutes a powerful method to post-modulate materials' structures and functions without compromising their mechanical performance for sustainable use, but the process is irreversible. To address this issue, we here report a growing-degrowing strategy that enables thermosetting materials to either absorb or release components for continuously changing their sizes, shapes, compositions, and a set of properties simultaneously. The strategy is based on the monomer-polymer equilibrium of networks in which supplying or removing small polymerizable components would drive the networks toward expansion or contraction. Using acid-catalyzed equilibration of siloxane as an example, we demonstrate that the size and mechanical properties of the resulting silicone materials can be significantly or finely tuned in both directions of growth and decomposition. The equilibration can be turned off to yield stable products or reactivated again. During the degrowing-growing circle, material structures are selectively varied either uniformly or heterogeneously, by the availability of fillers. Our strategy endows the materials with many appealing capabilities including environment adaptivity, self-healing, and switchability of surface morphologies, shapes, and optical properties. Since monomer-polymer equilibration exists in many polymers, we envision the expansion of the presented strategy to various systems for many applications.
Metal cluster growth in the liquid phase. Part 1 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetal cluster growth in the liquid phase. Part 1Mark P. Andrews and Geoffrey A. OzinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 13, 2938–2944Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100404a030https://doi.org/10.1021/j100404a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
DICTIONARY OF THE ECONOMIC PRODUCTS OF INDIA pages 179 to 362 (2014)

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Endogenous esterases of Clostridium thermocellum are identified and disrupted for enhanced isobutyl acetate production from cellulose (2019)

ABSTRACT Medium chain esters are potential drop-in biofuels and versatile chemicals. Currently, these esters are largely produced by the conventional chemical process that uses harsh operating conditions and requires high energy input. Alternatively, the microbial conversion route has recently emerged as a promising platform for sustainable and renewable ester production. The ester biosynthesis pathways can utilize either esterases/lipases or alcohol acyltransferase (AAT), but the AAT-dependent pathway is more thermodynamically favorable in aqueous fermentation environment. Even though cellulolytic thermophiles such as Clostridium thermocellum harboring the engineered AAT-dependent pathway can directly convert lignocellulosic biomass into esters, the production is currently not efficient and requires optimization. One potential bottleneck is the ester degradation caused by the endogenous carbohydrate esterases (CEs) whose functional roles are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a simple, high-throughput colorimetric assay to screen the endogenous esterases of C. thermocellum responsible for ester hydrolysis. We identified, characterized, and disrupted two critical endogenous esterases that significantly contributes to isobutyl acetate degradation in C. thermocellum . We demonstrated that not only did the engineered esterase-deficient strain alleviate ester hydrolysis but also helped improve isobutyl acetate production while not affecting its robust metabolism for effective cellulose assimilation. IMPORTANCE Carbohydrate esterases (CEs) are important enzymes in the deconstruction of lignocellulosic biomass by the cellulolytic thermophile C. thermocellum , yet some are potential ester degraders in a microbial ester production system. Currently, the functional roles of CEs for hydrolyzing medium chain esters and negatively affecting the ester microbial biosynthesis are not well understood. This study discovered novel CEs responsible for isobutyl acetate degradation in C. thermocellum and hence identified one of the critical bottlenecks for direct conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into esters.
Proceedings of the 18th ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology (2012)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the 2012 ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology -- VRST'12. VRST has become one of the major scientific events in the area of virtual reality since its debut in 1994 in Singapore. The symposium continues its tradition as an international forum for the presentation of research results and experience reports on leading edge issues of software, hardware and systems for Virtual Reality. The mission of the symposium is to share novel technologies that fulfill the needs of Virtual Reality applications and environments and to identify new directions for future research and development. VRST gives researchers and practitioners a unique opportunity to share their perspectives with others interested in the various aspects of Virtual Reality and owes its existence to a vibrant and productive research community. This year, VRST was held December 10-12, 2012 in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

The call for papers attracted 88 submissions from Asia, Europe, Australia, and North and South America in all areas of Virtual Reality research. Particular attention was given to work on system with a special track focusing on architectures, frameworks, reusability, adaptivity, and performance testing and evaluation. An international program committee consisting of 16 experts in the topic areas and the three program chairs handled the highly competitive and selective review process. Almost every submission received four or more reviews, two from members of the international program committee and two from external reviewers. Reviewing was double-blind, where only the program chairs and the program committee member assigned to identify external reviewers knew the identity of the authors.

In the end, the program committee was able to accept 25 out of 88 submissions, which corresponds to an acceptance rate of 28%. For posters, 15 out of 32 submissions will appear in the proceedings. The topics range from tracking, augmented and mixed reality, interaction, navigation and locomotion, collaboration, haptics, simulation, agents and behaviors to two sessions for a systems track. We hope that these proceedings will serve as a valuable reference for Virtual Reality researchers and developers.
High Enantioselectivity Is Induced by a Single Monodentate Phosphoramidite Ligand in Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2007)

Das volle Programm? Das Zurückführen eines Katalysators auf das wirklich Wesentliche liefert einen neutralen Iridiumkomplex, der nur einen einzähnigen Phosphoramiditliganden enthält und der die enantioselektive Hydrierung von α-Dehydroaminosäuren effizient katalysiert (siehe Bild).
Spectroscopic ellipsometry and optical transmission study of LiPON thin films prepared by RF sputtering (2016)

Lithium phosphorus oxynitride (LiPON) film with high ionic conductivity, low electronic conductivity and high transparency in UV–VIS range offers the possible applications as electrolyte for optical devices, e.g. electrochromic device. In this work, the optical properties of LiPON are investigated by means of variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) and optical transmission spectra. LiPON thin films with composition of Li3.13PO1.69N1.39 and ionic conductivity of 4.9 × 10−6 S cm−1 at room temperature were prepared by RF magnetron sputtering. Optical constants have been derived on multiple samples with film thickness from 400 to 2000 nm in the energy range of 0.58–5.5 eV. The optical bandgap (Eg) of LiPON film is shown to be 3.07 eV by a Tauc plot. It is found that when E < Eg the Urbach exponential decay of absorption is observed. The Urbach tail width at room temperature is estimated to be 0.361 eV for the LiPON film.
Investigation of electron mobility and saturation velocity limits in gallium nitride using uniaxial dielectric continuum model (2017)

Here we introduce a uniaxial dielectric continuum model with temperature-dependent phonon mode frequencies to study temperature- and orientation-dependent polar-optical-phonon limited electron mobility and saturation velocity in uniaxial semiconductors. The formalism for calculating electron scattering rates, momentum relaxation rates, and rate of energy change as a function of the electron kinetic energy and incident electron angle with respect to the c-axis are presented and evaluated numerically. Electron–longitudinal-optical-phonon interactions are shown to depend weakly on the electron incident angle, whereas the electron–transverse-optical-phonon interactions around the emission threshold energy are observed to depend strongest on the electron incident angle when varied from π/4 to π/2 (with respect to the c-axis). We provide electron mobility and saturation velocity limits in different GaN crystal orientations as a function of temperature and electron concentration. At room temperature and for an electron density of 5 × 1018 cm−3, electron mobility limit of ∼3200 cm2/V s and electron saturation velocity limit of 3.15 × 107 cm/s are calculated. Both GaN electron mobility and saturation velocity are observed to be governed by the longitudinal-optical-phonon interaction, and their directional anisotropy is shown to vary less than 5% as the electron incident angle with respect to the c-axis is varied from 0 to π/2. Overall, we develop a theoretical formalism for calculating anisotropic properties of uniaxial wurtzite semiconductors.
Chemical Synthesis and Enzymatic Testing of CMP‐Sialic Acid Derivatives (2012)

The cycloSal approach has been used in the past for the synthesis of a range of phosphorylated bioconjugates. In those reports, cycloSal nucleotides were allowed to react with different phosphate nucleophiles. With glycopyranosyl phosphates as nucleophiles, diphosphate-linked sugar nucleotides were formed. Here, cycloSal-nucleotides were used to prepare monophosphate-linked sugar nucleotides successfully in high anomeric purity and high chemical yield. The method was successfully used for the synthesis of three nucleotide glycopyranoses as model compounds. The method was then applied to the syntheses of CMP-N-acetyl-neuraminic acids (CMP-Neu5NAc) and of four derivatives with different modifications at their amino functions (N-propanoyl, N-butanoyl, N-pentanoyl and N-cyclopropylcarbonyl). The compounds were used for initial enzymatic studies with a bacterial polysialyltransferase (polyST). Surprisingly, the enzyme showed marked differences in terms of utilisation of the four derivatives. The N-propanoyl, N-butanoyl, and N-pentanoyl derivatives were efficiently used in a first transfer with a fluorescently labelled trisialo-acceptor. However, elongation of the resulting tetrasialo-acceptors worsened progressively with the size of the N-acyl chain. The N-pentanoyl derivative allowed a single transfer, leading to a capped tetramer. The N-cyclopropylcarbonyl derivative was not transferred.
Foxp4 is dispensable for T cell development, but required for Interferon gamma recall responses during chronic Toxoplasmosis (163.12) (2012)

Abstract Transcription factors regulate T cell fates at every stage of development and differentiation. Members of the Foxp family of forkhead transcription factors are fundamental for normal T lineage development; Foxp3 is required for T regulatory cell generation and function, and Foxp1 is necessary for generation and maintenance of naïve T cells. Foxp4, another member of the Foxp family, is highly homologous to Foxp1 and has been shown to dimerize with Foxp proteins. We report the initial characterization of Foxp4 in T lymphocytes. Foxp4 is expressed in both thymocytes and peripheral CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. We used a CD4Cre mediated approach to evaluate the cell autonomous role for Foxp4 in T lymphocytes. T cell development, peripheral cellularity and cell surface phenotype are normal in the absence of Foxp4. Furthermore Foxp3+ T regulatory cells develop normally in Foxp4 deficient animals, and naïve Foxp4 deficient CD4 T cells can differentiate to inducible T regulatory cells in vitro. In wild-type T cells, expression of Foxp4 increases following activation, but deletion of Foxp4 does not affect T cell proliferative responses or in vitro effector T cell differentiation. In vivo, despite effective control of Toxoplasma gondii infection, IFNγ production during an antigen specific recall response is reduced in the absence of Foxp4. We conclude that Foxp4 is dispensable for T cell development, but necessary for T cell cytokine recall responses to antigen in chronically infected mice.
NEC-scaling applied to FORE+OSEM (2004)

We evaluate the use of FORE with NEC-scaling 2D OSEM for 3D whole-body PET imaging. We had previously proposed combining 3D imaging with the 2D attenuation weighted (AW) OSEM statistical image reconstruction algorithm by using FORE to reduce statistical noise in clinical whole-body PET imaging. Although attenuation correction is responsible for the major deviation from the Poisson model in whole-body imaging, the other quantitative corrections, and FORE itself, also modify the statistical properties of the rebinned data. To use a more accurate statistical modelling in the reconstruction algorithm, additional factors can be included using the noise equivalent count (NEC) transformation method proposed by Nuyts et al.
Palmitic acid stimulates glucose incorporation in the adipocyte by a mechanism likely involving intracellular calcium. (1989)

The effect of palmitic acid on basal and insulin-stimulated incorporation of glucose into rat adipocytes was studied. Palmitic acid (2.40 mM) stimulated basal as well as insulin-stimulated glucose incorporation in rat adipocytes three and twofold, respectively. Similar degrees of stimulation of basal glucose oxidation by palmitate were also observed. The ability of palmitic acid to stimulate glucose uptake was additive with respect to the stimulation induced by insulin and was proportional to the palmitic acid concentration between 0.15 mM and 2.40 mM. Stimulation of glucose incorporation by palmitic acid was inhibited by preincubating the cells with quin2-AM, which accumulates intracellularly yielding the trapped chelator form. quin2, which binds intracellular Ca2+.The concentration of quin2-AM required for half-maximal inhibition of palmitic acid stimulated glucose incorporation was 3.8 +/- 1.2 microM (mean +/- SEM). The inhibition of palmitic acid-stimulated glucose incorporation by quin2-AM (10 microM) was overcome by incubating cells with the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, in the presence of extracellular Ca2+ (2.6 mM). Chelation of extracellular Ca2+ with EGTA did not significantly affect the magnitude of palmitic acid-stimulated glucose incorporation. Dantrolene (12.5-100 microM) failed to affect basal or palmitic acid-stimulated glucose incorporation. These findings suggest that palmitic acid stimulates incorporation of glucose in the adipocyte by a mechanism dependent upon intracellular but not extracellular Ca2+.
Mitochondrial Compartmentalized Protein Folding and Tumor Cell Survival (2011)

Molecular chaperones are master regulators of protein folding quality control, and it is widely accepted that these functions are aberrantly exploited in human tumors. What has also emerged in recent years is that chaperone control of protein folding does not occur randomly in cells, but is spatially compartmentalized in subcellular organelles and specialized microenvironments. Fresh experimental evidence has now uncovered a role for mitochondrial localized chaperones to oversee the protein folding environment within the organelle, selectively in tumor cells. Perturbation of this compartmentalized chaperone network triggers an array of compensatory responses that aims at restoring homeostasis, while also providing novel opportunities for rational cancer therapy.
Exterior Shape Factors From Interior Shape Factors (2019)

Shape factors for steady heat conduction enable quick and highly simplified calculations of heat transfer rates within bodies having a combination of isothermal and adiabatic boundary conditions. Many shape factors have been tabulated, and most undergraduate heat transfer books cover their derivation and use. However, the analytical determination of shape factors for any but the simplest configurations can quickly come to involve complicated mathematics, and, for that reason, it is desirable to extend the available results as far as possible. In this paper, we show that known shape factors for the interior of two-dimensional objects are identical to the corresponding shape factors for the exterior of those objects. The canonical case of the interior and exterior of a disk is examined first. Then, conformal mapping is used to relate known configurations for squares and rectangles to the solutions for the disk. Both a geometrical and a mathematical argument are introduced to show that shape factors are invariant under conformal mapping. Finally, the general case is demonstrated using Green's functions. In addition, the “Yin-Yang” phenomenon for conduction shape factors is explained as a rotation of the unit disk prior to conformal mapping.
Abstract 2790: Discovery of novel Pim-1 inhibitors (2011)

Abstract Pim-1 is a proto-oncogene which encodes for the serine/threonine kinase of the same name. Recently, Pim-1 has been implicated in multiple human cancers, including prostate cancer, acute myeloid leukemia and other hematopoietic malignancies. Primarily expressed in spleen, thymus, bone marrow, prostate, oral epithelial, hippocampus and fetal liver cells, Pim-1 has also been found to be highly expressed in cell cultures isolated from human tumors. As part of our continuing efforts to identify potential protein targets and inhibitors in the area of cancer treatment, we selected Pim-1 target and used fragment drug discovery platform to undertake the efforts in identification of novel inhibitors. Over 1800 fragments have been screened using SPR binding assay, followed by PIM1 kinase inhibition assay. Among many active fragments, we identified an interesting small fragment, 5-bromobenzofuran-2-carboxylic acid (1), which has IC50 of 8.1 uM in the Pim-1 kinase inhibition assay. The X-ray structure of 1 binding to Pim-1 revealed that the oxygen of the benzofuran is positioned towards the hinge site while the carboxylic acid interacts directly with the Lys-67. Guided by the X-ray structures, we generated many more potent inhibitors, among which, compound 2 with an aminicyclohexayl moiety at the 7-position is one of the most potent inhibitor with IC50 of 0.001uM in Pim-1 kinase inhibition assay. X-ray structure of 2 binding to Pim-1 indicated that compound 2 gained additional interactions by directly interacting of its nitrogen atom of the aminocycloheaxyl group with Asp127 as well as interacting through water bridges with Glu170 and Asn 171. Compound 2 has also potent activity in inhibiting Pim-2 with IC50 of 0.004 uM while is highly selective against most kinases in the Ambit kinase panel. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2790. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2790
Cooperative Vehicle Speed Fault Diagnosis and Correction (2018)

Reliable estimation of vehicle speed is an active topic of research in the automotive industry and academia due to its technical challenges as well as applications to vehicle traction and stability control. In this direction, the emergence of new generations of communication technologies has brought new perspectives to traditional studies on vehicle speed estimation and control. To this end, this paper introduces a cooperative vehicle speed fault diagnosis and correction algorithm. The distributed part of the algorithm is based on a distributed function calculation algorithm for vehicle networks. The introduced algorithm enables each vehicle to gather some information from other vehicles in the network in a distributed manner and is robust to communication failures. A procedure to use such information for a single vehicle to diagnose and correct a possible fault in its own speed estimation/measurement is discussed. The functionality and performance of the proposed algorithms are verified via illustrative examples and simulation results.
Experimental demonstration of extended depth-of-field f/1.2 visible High Definition camera with jointly optimized phase mask and real-time digital processing (2015)

Increasing the depth of field (DOF) of compact visible high resolution cameras while maintaining high imaging performance in the DOF range is crucial for such applications as night vision goggles or industrial inspection. In this paper, we present the end-to-end design and experimental validation of an extended depth-of-field visible High Definition camera with a very small f -number, combining a six-ring pyramidal phase mask in the aperture stop of the lens with a digital deconvolution. The phase mask and the deconvolution algorithm are jointly optimized during the design step so as to maximize the quality of the deconvolved image over the DOF range. The deconvolution processing is implemented in real-time on a Field-Programmable Gate Array and we show that it requires very low power consumption. By mean of MTF measurements and imaging experiments we experimentally characterize the performance of both cameras with and without phase mask and thereby demonstrate a significant increase in depth of field of a factor 2.5, as it was expected in the design step.
Tetrodecamycin and Dihydrotetrodecamycin, New Antimicrobial Antibiotics against Pasteurella piscicida Produced by Streptomyces nashvillensis MJ885-mF8. I. Taxonomy, Fermentation, Isolation, Characterization and Biological Activities. (1995)

The novel antimicrobial antibiotic against Pasteurella piscicida, tetrodecamycin (1) and weakly active dihydrotetrodecamycin (2) were isolated from the fermentation broth of Streptomyces nashvillensis MJ885-mF8. They were purified by adsorption on Diaion HP-20, silica gel column chromatography and crystallization. The MICs of 1 were 6.25-12.5μg/liter and 1.56-6.25μg/ml against Gram-positive bacteria including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and 12 strains of P. piscicida, respectively.