gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High performance L-band ball grid array power and receive amplifier module set for satellite phone handsets (1999)

A low cost RF front-end module set has been developed for the high performance handsets used in L-band TDMA satellite phone systems. A highly linear and efficient 8 W power amplifier module containing four parallel combined PHEMT power MMICs, 30 dB gain driver amplifier, adaptive power control coupler, harmonic filtering and an isolator has been designed. The module uses Ball Grid Array (BGA) package technology compatible with high volume handset production. A companion L-band receive module has also been developed which integrates a high performance low noise amplifier, transmit/receive PIN switch, limiter and harmonic filter into a ceramic BGA package.
Photoluminescence from Epitaxial Films of Perovskite-type Alkaline-earth Stannates (2008)

The epitaxial films of the recently developed calcium and strontium stannates phosphors with perovskite or its related structure were fabricated by the pulsed-lased deposition method. The films were all highly transparent in the visible region, and showed intense luminescence of several colors under ultraviolet excitation. Light scattering at the substrates' surfaces varied the appearance of photoluminescence. In combination with epitaxial-film-growth technologies for many perovskite functional materials, the obtained results provide a promise for future developments of multifunctional optoelectronic devices.
Efficient support of delay and rate guarantees in an internet (1996)

In this paper, we investigate some issues related to the efficient provision of end-to-end delay guarantees in the context of the Guaranteed (G) Services framework [16]. First, we consider the impact of reshaping traffic within the network on the end-to-end delay, the end-to-end jitter, as well as per-hop buffer requirements. This leads us to examine a class of traffic disciplines that use reshaping at each hop, namely rate-controlled disciplines. In this case, it is known that it is advantageous to use the Earliest Deadline First (EDF) scheduling policy at the link scheduler [8]. For this service discipline, we determine the appropriate values of the parameters that have to be exported, as specified in [16]. Subsequently, with the help of an example, we illustrate how the G service traffic will typically underutilize the network, regardless of the scheduling policy used. We then define a Guaranteed Rate (GR) service, that is synergetic with the G service framework and makes use of this unutilized bandwidth to provide rate guarantees to flows. We outline some of the details of the GR service and explain how it can be supported in conjunction with the G service in an efficient manner.
Tumor Inhibiting [1,2‐Bis(fluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]platinum(II) Complexes Part II: Biological Evaluation ‐in vitro Studies on the P 388 D1 Leukemia Cell Line (1990)

Experiments on the P 388 D1 cell line (48 h exposure) demonstrate that [1,2-bis-(fluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]platinum(II) complexes are comparably active on the cell number and 3H-thymidine incorporation, irrespective of the position of the fluorine atom (ortho, meta, or para) and the nature of the "leaving group" (Cl- or H2O). However, the compounds of the R,R/S,S series are more active than those of the R,S series and comparable to cisplatin. In the "tumor colony forming assay" the R,R/S,S configurated compounds are about ten times as active as cisplatin. The R,R/S,S configurated diaqua[1,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]platinum(II) salts reach their half maximum effect more readily (t1/2 approximately equal to 1.6 h) than their R,S configurated analogues (t1/2 approximately equal to 20 h). A time limited contact of the cells with R,R/S,S configurated diaqua[1,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]platinum(II) salts (-1h) leads to a similar inhibition like a permanent drug exposure indicating a fast uptake of the complex by the tumor cell. In experiments on the Ehrlich ascites tumor of the mouse and on the L 1210 leukemia cell line R,R/S,S-[1,2-bis(4-fluorophenyl)ethylenediamine]dichloroplatinum(II) turns out to be equipotent with cisplatin.
HLTF gene silencing in human colon cancer (2002)

Chromatin remodeling enzymes are increasingly implicated in a variety of important cellular functions. Various components of chromatin remodeling complexes, including several members of the SWI/SNF family, have been shown to be disrupted in cancer. In this study we identified as a target for gene inactivation in colon cancer the gene for helicase-like transcription factor (HLTF), a SWI/SNF family protein. Loss of HLTF expression accompanied by HLTF promoter methylation was noted in nine of 34 colon cancer cell lines. In these cell lines HLTF expression was restored by treatment with the demethylating agent 5-azacytidine. In further studies of primary colon cancer tissues, HLTF methylation was detected in 27 of 63 cases (43%). No methylation of HLTF was detected in breast or lung cancers, suggesting selection for HLTF methylation in colonic malignancies. Transfection of HLTF suppressed 75% of colony growth in each of three different HLTF-deficient cell lines, but showed no suppressive effect in any of three HLTF-proficient cell lines. These findings show that HLTF is a common target for methylation and epigenetic gene silencing in colon cancer and suggest HLTF is a candidate colon cancer suppressor gene.
Autoprocessing mechanism of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3C‐like protease (SARS‐CoV 3CLpro) from its polyproteins (2013)

Like many other RNA viruses, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) produces polyproteins containing several non-structural proteins, which are then processed by the viral proteases. These proteases often exist within the polyproteins, and are excised by their own proteolytic activity ('autoprocessing'). It is important to investigate the autoprocessing mechanism of these proteases from the point of view of anti-SARS-CoV drug design. In this paper, we describe a new method for investigating the autoprocessing mechanism of the main protease (M(pro)), which is also called the 3C-like protease (3CL(pro)). Using our method, we measured the activities, under the same conditions, of the mature form and pro-forms with the N-terminal pro-sequence, the C-terminal pro-sequence or both pro-sequences, toward the pro-form with both N- and C-terminal pro-sequences. The data indicate that the pro-forms of the enzyme have proteolytic activity, and are stimulated by the same proteolytic activity. The stimulation occurs in two steps, with approximately eightfold stimulation by N-terminal cleavage, approximately fourfold stimulation by C-terminal cleavage, and 23-fold stimulation by the cleavage of both termini, compared to the pro-form with both the N- and C-terminal pro-sequences. Such cleavage mainly occurs in a trans manner; i.e. the pro-form dimer cleaves the monomeric form. The stimulation by N-terminal pro-sequence removal is due to the cis (intra-dimer and inter-protomer) effect of formation of the new N-terminus, whereas that by C-terminal cleavage is due to removal of its trans (inter-dimer) inhibitory effect. A numerical simulation of the maturation pathway is presented.
Joint User Scheduling, and Precoding for Multicast Spectral Efficiency in Multigroup Multicast Systems (2020)

This paper studies the joint design of user scheduling and precoding for the maximization of spectral efficiency (SE) for a multigroup multicast scenario in multiuser MISO downlink channels. Noticing that the existing definition of SE fails to account for group sizes, a new metric called multicast spectral efficiency (MC-SE) is proposed. In this context, the joint design is considered for the maximization of MC-SE. Firstly, with the help of binary scheduling variables, the joint design problem is formulated as a mixed-integer non-linear programming problem such that it facilitates the joint update of scheduling and precoding variables. Further, useful reformulations are proposed to reveal the hidden difference-of-convex/concave structure of the problem. Thereafter, we propose a convex-concave procedure based iterative algorithm with convergence guarantees to a stationary point. Finally, we compare different aspects namely MC-SE, SE and number of scheduled users through Monte-Carlo simulations.
Safety and immunogenicity of a V3 loop synthetic peptide conjugated to purified protein derivative in HIV-seronegative volunteers (1995)

Objectives: To develop a peptide-based model for a preventive vaccine for HIV-1 infection. Design: Phase I trial in HIV-1-seronegative volunteers. Participants: Adult healthy subjects HIV-1-antibody-seronegative in an enzymelinked immunosorbent assay, screened for tuberculin [purified protein derivative (PPD)] reactivity with 2 tuberculin units PPD-administered intradermally. Interventions: Submicrogram doses of a PPD conjugate with a peptide of the primary neutralizing domain (PND) of HIV-1MN (PPD-MN-PND) were administered intradermally to tuberculin skin-test-positive and -negative volunteers. Results: Antibodies to the MN-PND were measured after two immunizations in 10 out of 11 PPD skin-test-positive volunteers. After the fourth immunization high-affinity antibodies were detected, which persisted for over 1 year. High titers of MN-PND-specific immunoglobulin (Ig) G and IgA were detected in the serum and saliva of all volunteers tested. Serum antibodies were cross-reactive with PND peptide from some other HIV-1 strains but neutralized only the HIV-1MN prototype. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B7-restricted MN-PND-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) were also detected. Conclusions: The PPD-MN-PND vaccine at submicrogram doses is safe and immunogenic in PPD skin-test-positive healthy adult volunteers. Long lasting humoral immune responses in the serum and saliva were possibly accompanied by HLA-B7-restricted CTL responses. This is a vaccine prototype that can be rapidly and inexpensively modified to include other peptide epitopes. It is especially suitable for use in a worldwide multibillion Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-primed or tuberculosis-exposed population at risk for HIV-1 infection.
High-Q antennas: Simulator limitations (2013)

Increasing the mesh steps - i.e. the accuracy of the model - of a structure leads to converging results towards reality. With high-field structures, discretization of the domain in a transient simulation becomes of important matter. It is shown in this work that for these structures convergence of the results does not seem to happen with surface current and efficiency calculations.
An investigation into the effect of lateral fluoro substitution in the molecular core on the spontaneous polarization of chiral cyclohexanes (1996)

Abstract A range of chiral biphenylcyclohexanes of high enantiomeric excess has been prepared by asymmetric synthesis. These materials were designed as chiral dopants for ferroelectric mixtures based on fluoro-substituted host materials. Accordingly, fluoro substituents were strategically incorporated into the aromatic core of the chiral biphenylcyclohexanes in order to determine their effect on the spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric mixtures. Chiral hydroboration was used to generate the chiral cyclohexane units which were attached to the core by using palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions with arylboronic acids; the synthetic methods used are discussed. The spontaneous polarization of the chiral materials was evaluated in H1 host mixture and the results are reported and discussed in comparison with the non-fluoro-substituted analogues.
Single-Coil Defibrillator Leads Yield Satisfactory Defibrillation Safety Margin in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (2016)

Biphasic 25-J shocks with the SVC coil 'off' successfully terminated ventricular fibrillation in HCM patients, indicating a satisfactory safety margin for 35-J devices. Single-coil leads appear appropriate for left-sided implantation in this patient group. (Circ J 2016; 80: 2199-2203).
Photoluminescence Properties of InGaN/GaN Multiple Quantum Well Light Emitting Diodes by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2011)

Luminescence properties of blue emission InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) light emitting diodes (LEDs), grown on sapphire substrates by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), were studied by time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopic technique. Samples involved have similar basic structures of three QWs but different well-composition and barrier/well dimensions. TRPL results show that PL intensity and decay time increase with the number of QWs and the indium composition. Correlation of physical properties with crystalline perfection open the way for optimized designs of InGaN MQW LED, with controlled the indium composition and QW numbers.
Extending domain coverage of language understanding systems via intent transfer between domains using knowledge graphs and search query click logs (2014)

This paper proposes a new technique to enable Natural Language Understanding (NLU) systems to handle user queries beyond their original semantic schemas defined by intents and slots. Knowledge graph and search query logs are used to extend NLU system's coverage by transferring intents from other domains to a given domain. The transferred intents as well as existing intents are then applied to a set of new slots that they are not trained with. The knowledge graph and search click logs are used to determine whether the new slots (i.e. entities) or their attributes in the graph can be used together with transfered intents without re-training the underlying NLU models with the expanded (i.e. with new intents and slots) schema. Experimental results show that the proposed technique can in fact be used in extending NLU system's domain coverage in fulfilling the user's request.
Challenges on the frontier of intracoronary imaging: atherosclerotic plaque macrophage measurement by optical coherence tomography (2010)

Cellularity of the fibrous caps of coronary atheromas, manifested by the infiltration of macrophages (average size, 20 to 30 [micrometer]), is thought to weaken the structural integrity of the cap and predispose plaques to rupture. Therefore, an imaging technology capable of identifying macrophages within fibroatheroma caps in patients could provide valuable information for assessing plaque rupture risk. Recently, intravascular optical coherence tomography (OCT), a high-resolution coronary imaging modality, with an axial resolution of ~10 [micrometer], has been introduced into the clinical setting. OCT images of the microstructure of the coronary artery wall enable accurate plaque-type characterization, supported by histopathological comparison data. Because of its high resolution, OCT may also be used to identify macrophages in vivo. In this paper we review recent developments in OCT for measuring macrophages in atherosclerotic plaques.
High-Content Analysis of MicroRNAs Facilitates the Development of Combinatorial Therapies for Vascular Diseases (2021)

Abstract In response to vascular injury vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) alternate between a differentiated (contractile) and a dedifferentiated (synthetic) state or phenotype. Although parts of the signaling cascade regulating the phenotypic switch have been described, little is known on the role of miRNAs involved. To systematically address this issue, we have established a microscopy-based quantitative assay and identified 23 miRNAs that induced contractile phenotypes when over-expressed. These were then correlated to miRNAs identified from RNA-sequencing when comparing cells in the contractile and synthetic states. Using both approaches, six miRNAs (miR-132-3p, miR-138-5p, miR-141-3p, miR-145-5p, miR-150-5p, and miR-22-3p) were filtered as candidates that induce the phenotypic switch from synthetic to contractile. To identify potentially common regulatory mechanisms of these six miRNAs, their predicted targets were compared with five miRNAs sharing ZBTB20, ZNF704, and EIF4EBP2 as common potential targets and four miRNAs sharing 16 common potential targets. The interaction network consisting of these 19 targets and additional 18 hub targets were created to facilitate validation of miRNA-mRNA interactions by suggesting the most plausible pairs. Furthermore, the information on drug candidates was integrated into the network to predict novel combinatorial therapies that encompass the complexity of miRNAs-mediated regulation. This is the first study that combines phenotypic screening approach with RNA sequencing and bioinformatics to systematically identify miRNAs-mediated pathways and to identify potential drug candidates to positively influence the phenotypic switch of VSMCs.
Early adhesive behavior of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells on collagen electrospun fibers (2009)

A bioabsorbable nanofibrous scaffold was developed for early adhesion of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Collagen nanofibers with diameters of 430 +/- 170 nm were fabricated by electrospinning. Over 45% of the MSC population adhered to this collagen nanofiber after 30 min at room temperature. Remarkably, collagen-coated P(LLA-CL) electrospun nanofibers were almost as efficient as collagen nanofibers whereas collagen cast film did not enhance early capture when it was applied on cover slips. The adhesive efficiency could be further increased to over 20% at 20 min and over 55% at 30 min when collagen nanofibers were grafted with monoclonal antibodies recognizing CD29 or CD49a. These data demonstrate that the early adhesive behavior is highly dependent on both the surface texture and the surface chemistry of the substrate. These findings have potential applications for early capture of MSCs in an ex vivo setting under time constraints such as in a surgical setting.
Biological Product (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Tungsten oxide ion-gated phototransistors using ionic liquid and aqueous gating media (2019)

Abstract Ion-gated transistors employ ionic gating media (e.g. ionic liquids, polymer electrolytes, aqueous saline solutions) to modulate the density of the charge carriers in the transistor channel. Not only they operate at low voltages (ca 0.5–1 V) but they can also feature printability, flexibility and easy integration with chemo- and bio-sensing platforms. Metal oxides are transistor channel materials interesting for their processability in air, at low temperature. Among metal oxides, tungsten oxide (band gap ca 2.5–2.7 eV) stands out for its electrochromic, gas sensing and photocatalytic properties. Here we demonstrate ion-gated tungsten oxide transistors and phototransistors working in different ion gating media, such as one hydrophobic ionic liquid and an aqueous electrolyte, fabricated both on rigid and flexible substrates. Ion-gated tungsten oxide phototransistors operating in aqueous media could be used as photocatalytic sensors in portable applications.
PSD-Constrained PAR Reduction for DMT/OFDM (2004)

Common to all DMT/OFDM systems is a large peak-to-average ratio (PAR), which can lead to low power efficiency and nonlinear distortion. Tone reservation uses unused or reserved tones to design a peak-canceling signal to lower the PAR of a transmit block. In DMT ADSL systems, the power allocated to these tones may be limited due to crosstalk issues with many users in one twisted pair bundle. This PSD limitation not only limits PAR reduction ability, but also makes the optimization problem more challenging to solve. Extending the recently proposed active set tone reservation method, we develop an efficient algorithm with performance close to the optimal solution.
1.5-W diode-pumped femtosecond Cr:ZnS amplifier (2021)

Carrier-envelope-phase stable, multi-octave-spanning light sources enable novel types of spectroscopy techniques with unprecedented high sensitivity and dynamic range [1] , [2] . They are thus highly sought after, especially in the mid-infrared molecular finger-print region. Cr:ZnS lasers — capable of directly emitting sub-30 fs pulses at a central wavelength around 2.4 µm and at multi-Watt-level of average power [3] , [4] — are the ideal front-end for generating such spectral coverage [5] . These lasers have predominantly been pumped using rare-earth-doped fiber lasers, which often exhibit intensity noise in the kHz range arising from relaxation oscillations. The subsequent transfer of such noise to the Cr:ZnS output in turn affects the signal-to-noise ratio for downstream spectroscopy applications. This can be alleviated by pumping the Cr:ZnS lasers with the direct output of diode lasers, which can also be more cost effective. To this end, we have recently demonstrated a directly diode-pumped femtosecond Cr:ZnS oscillator [6] . To further enhance the available power and widen its possible applications, we report here the first demonstration of a directly diode-pumped Cr:ZnS amplifier, to the best of our knowledge.
Effect of forage preservation method on fatty acid composition and oxidative stability of organic sheep milk (2017)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different forage preservation method in mountainous areas on the relationship between the fatty acid (FA) profile, fat-soluble antioxidants contents and oxidative stability of organic sheep milk. Twenty-four multiparous Turcana ewes were randomly assigned to 3 treatments: grazed grass (G), hay grass (H), and grass silage (GS). Indoor ewes were offered ad libitum grass hay or grass silage. All animals received 300 g DM grain mix (triticale and barley,1:1) per day. Conservation of grass by drying compared with ensiling resulted in lower forage 18:2n-6, 18:3n-3 and fat-soluble vitamin concentrations. Milk from ewes grazed, has a considerably higher concentration of n-3 FA and n-6 FA but and a higher content of nutritionally beneficial trans-fatty acids (e.g. CLA; conjugated linoleic acid, VA; vaccenic acid) than milk from ewes fed hay or grass silage. In spite of lower content, milk fat 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 content was higher (P < 0.05) for hay than for silage diets (2.34 vs. 1.64 and 2.11 vs. 1.70 % of total FA, for hay, and silages, respectively). Forage conservation method had no clear effects on milk VA or CLA content. Compared with silage, hay diets resulted in milk containing lower (P < 0.001) α-tocopherol and retinol concentrations, but had no effect on γ-tocopherol. There was no clear association between increased levels of the α-tocopherol and retinol in milk and a lower risk of lipid oxidation (lower concentration of alondialdehyde). There was a marked effect of composition of the lipids on the oxidative stability of milk, where high concentrations of PUFA (polyunsaturated FA), especially the concentration of n-3 FA were associated with an increasing risk of lipid oxidation.