gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selected ion accumulation of noncovalent complexes in a fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (1995)

Abstract An electrospray ionization–Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (ESI–FTICR) mass spectrometer has been used in conjunction with the technique of selected‐ion accumulation (SIA) to investigate its utility for the study of the gas phase behavior of noncovalent complexes from solution. SIA is demonstrated to provide the selective accumulation of weakly bound species, providing a significant enhancement in the attainable signal‐to‐noise ratio and dynamic range. The frequency response of quadrupole excitation was first determined by selectively accumulating single charge states of large, highly adducted, highly charged molecules such as bovine albumin and bovine albumin dimer. Under the conditions employed, the response (selective accumulation) was found to be as narrow as 500 Hz. Additionally the SIA was found to be sufficiently gentle to allow accumulation of both specific and nonspecific weak noncovalent complexes, such as the myoglobin–heme complex observed in basic solutions and complexes of myoglobin and single amino acids, such as tryptophan. This result is probably due to the continual application of quadrupole excitation during the high pressure accumulation event, preventing any significant growth of magnetron motion, and subsequently, allowing interconversion to form only small cyclotron radii. We also demonstrate the simultaneous application of SIA with dipolar sustained off‐resonance irradiation (SORI) during the ion accumulation period so as to allow selective accumulation of dissociation products. The SIA/SORI combination promises to greatly extend (MS) n capabilities by allowing the selective accumulation of any dissociation product in any step along a given dissociation pathway.
Characterization of penetration depth as a function of optical fiber separation at various absorption and scatter coefficients for a noninvasive metabolic sensor (2004)

A visible-near IR (500-1,000nm) fiber optic sensor is under development that is intended to non-invasively assess muscle metabolism through the measurement of tissue pH and oxygen partial pressure. These parameters are calculated from the spectra of hemoglobin and myoglobin in muscle. The sensor consists of transmit (illumination) fibers and receive (detection) fibers that are coupled to a spectrometer. Light from the probe must penetrate below the surface of the skin and into a 5-10mm thick layer of muscle. A study was conducted to quantify the relationship between transmit and receive fiber separation and sensor penetration depth below the surface of the skin. A liquid phantom was created to replicate the absorption (μa) and reduced scatter coefficient (μs') profiles typically found in human blood and tissue. The phantom consisted of a solution of Intralipid and India ink in the appropriate concentrations to achieve desired reduced scatter coefficient and absorption profiles. The reduced scatter coefficient of the liquid phantom was achieved to an accuracy of +/-10% compared to previously published data. A fixed illumination fiber and translatable detector fiber were placed in the liquid phantom, and the fiber separation was varied from 3-40mm. Values of μa and μs' varied from 0.03-0.40 cm-1 and 5.0-15.0 cm-1 respectively. Results from the experiment demonstrate a strong correlation between penetration depth and fiber separation. Additionally, it was found that penetration depth was not substantially influenced by absorption and scatter concentration. As signal-to-noise is an important parameter in many non-invasive biomedical applications, the relative signal as a function of fiber separation was determined to follow an exponential relationship.
Fluorescent Imaging of Extracellular Fungal Enzymes Bound onto Plant Cell Walls (2022)

Lignocelluloytic enzymes are industrially applied as biocatalysts for the deconstruction of recalcitrant plant biomass. To study their biocatalytic and physiological function, the assessment of their binding behavior and spatial distribution on lignocellulosic material is a crucial prerequisite. In this study, selected hydrolases and oxidoreductases from the white rot fungus <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> were localized on model substrates as well as poplar wood by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Two different detection approaches were investigated: direct tagging of the enzymes and tagging specific antibodies generated against the enzymes. Site-directed mutagenesis was employed to introduce a single surface-exposed cysteine residue for the maleimide site-specific conjugation. Specific polyclonal antibodies were produced against the enzymes and were labeled using N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) ester as a cross-linker. Both methods allowed the visualization of cell wall-bound enzymes but showed slightly different fluorescent yields. Using native poplar thin sections, we identified the innermost secondary cell wall layer as the preferential attack point for cellulose-degrading enzymes. Alkali pretreatment resulted in a partial delignification and promoted substrate accessibility and enzyme binding. The methods presented in this study are suitable for the visualization of enzymes during catalytic biomass degradation and can be further exploited for interaction studies of lignocellulolytic enzymes in biorefineries.
Free-Radical Addition to Ketimines Generated In Situ. New One-Pot Synthesis of Quaternary α-Aminoamides Promoted by a H2O2/TiCl4−Zn/HCONH2 System (2010)

A free radical multicomponent reaction mediated by an acidic TiCl(4)-Zn/H(2)O(2) system allows the assembly of an amine, a ketone, and formamide in one pot, affording instant access to quaternary alpha-amino acid derivatives.
Halide-CVD Growth of Bulk SiC Crystals (2006)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Intracellular Facultative Bacterial Vectors for Cancer Immunotherapy (2012)

This chapter covers the use of facultative intracellular bacteria as vectors for tumor antigens and as tumor destroying agents. Here we review the use of Shigella flexneri, BCG, Salmonella enterica, and Listeria monocytogenes as cancer immunotherapeutics. We describe their development as vectors to carry protein tumor antigen and eukaryotic DNA plasmids to antigen-presenting cells and efforts to harness their tumor-homing properties. We also describe their use as vectors of angiogenic molecules to induce an immune response that will destroy tumor vasculature. The background knowledge necessary to understand the biology behind the development of bacteria as vaccine vectors is included, as well as a summary of the major therapies that have used this approach thus far.
Robust Multichannel Dereverberation using Relaxed Multichannel Least Squares (2014)

A novel approach is proposed for robust multichannel dereverberation in the presence of system identification error (SIEs), based on channel shortening. A mathematical link is derived between the well known multiple-input/output inverse theorem (MINT) algorithm and channel shortening. The relaxed multichannel least squares (RMCLS) algorithm is then proposed as an efficient realization within the channel shortening paradigm and is shown through experimental results to outperform MINT in the presence of SIEs. While the RMCLS is robust to SIEs, the coloration of the output cannot be controlled. Two extensions to RMCLS are proposed to control the level of coloration and the performances of both extensions are evaluated comparatively. It is shown that both substantially maintain the dereverberation performance and robustness to SIEs obtained from RMCLS while effectively controlling the level of coloration introduced.
Elucidating Design Rules toward Enhanced Solid-State Charge Transport in Oligoether-Functionalized Dioxythiophene-Based Alternating Copolymers (2023)

This study investigates the solid-state charge transport properties of the oxidized forms of dioxythiophene-based alternating copolymers consisting of an oligoether-functionalized 3,4-propylenedioxythiophene (ProDOT) copolymerized with different aryl groups, dimethyl ProDOT (DMP), 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), and 3,4-phenylenedioxythiophene (PheDOT), respectively, to yield copolymers P(OE3)-D, P(OE3)-E, and P(OE3)-Ph. At a dopant concentration of 5 mM FeTos<sub>3</sub>, the electrical conductivities of these copolymers vary significantly (ranging between 9 and 195 S cm<sup>-1</sup>) with the EDOT copolymer, P(OE3)-E, achieving the highest electrical conductivity. UV-vis-NIR and X-ray spectroscopies show differences in both susceptibility to oxidative doping and extent of oxidation for the P(OE3) series, with P(OE3)-E being the most doped. Wide-angle X-ray scattering measurements indicate that P(OE3)-E generally demonstrates the lowest paracrystallinity values in the series, as well as relatively small π-π stacking distances. The significant (i.e., order of magnitude) increase in electrical conductivity of doped P(OE3)-E films versus doped P(OE3)-D or P(OE3)-Ph films can therefore be attributed to P(OE3)-E exhibiting both the highest carrier ratios in the P(OE3) series, along with good π-π overlap and local ordering (low paracrystallinity values). Furthermore, these trends in the extent of doping and paracrystallinity are consistent with the reduced Fermi energy level and transport function prefactor parameters calculated using the semilocalized transport (SLoT) model. Observed differences in carrier ratios at the transport edge (<i>c</i><sub>t</sub>) and reduced Fermi energies [η(<i>c</i>)] suggest a broader electronic band (better overlap and more delocalization) for the EDOT-incorporating P(OE3)-E polymer relative to P(OE3)-D and P(OE3)-Ph. Ultimately, we rationalize improvements in electrical conductivity due to microstructural and doping enhancements caused by EDOT incorporation, a structure-property relationship worth considering in the future design of highly electrically conductive systems.
Search-based Structured Prediction (2009)

We present Searn, an algorithm for integrating search and learning to solve complex structured prediction problems such as those that occur in natural language, speech, computational biology, and vision. Searn is a meta-algorithm that transforms these complex problems into simple classification problems to which any binary classifier may be applied. Unlike current algorithms for structured learning that require decomposition of both the loss function and the feature functions over the predicted structure, Searn is able to learn prediction functions for any loss function and any class of features. Moreover, Searn comes with a strong, natural theoretical guarantee: good performance on the derived classification problems implies good performance on the structured prediction problem.
Energetics of Xylose Decomposition as Determined Using Quantum Mechanics Modeling (2006)

The decomposition of xylose has been studied using quantum mechanical calculations supported by NMR data. Proposed mechanisms for the decomposition of xylose have been investigated by obtaining the structures and energies of transition states and products. The intent of this study was to understand the experimentally observed formation of furfural and formic acid that occurs during the decomposition of xylose in mildly hot acidic solutions. A mechanism of furfural formation involving the opening of the pyranose ring and subsequent dehydration of the aldose was compared to a direct intramolecular rearrangement of the protonated pyranose. Energies were determined using CBS-QB3, and it was shown that the barriers for dehydration of the aldose were high compared to intramolecular rearrangement. This result suggests that the latter mechanism is a more likely mechanism for furfural formation. The intramolecular rearrangement step results from protonation of xylose at the O2 hydroxyl group. In addition, it has been shown that formic acid formation is a likely result of the protonation of xylose at the O3 hydroxyl group. Finally, solvation of xylose decomposition was studied by calculating energy barriers for xylose in selected water clusters. The mechanisms proposed here were supported in part by 13C-labeling studies using NMR.
A GAMP-Based Low Complexity Sparse Bayesian Learning Algorithm (2017)

In this paper, we present an algorithm for the sparse signal recovery problem that incorporates damped Gaussian generalized approximate message passing (GGAMP) into expectation-maximization-based sparse Bayesian learning (SBL). In particular, GGAMP is used to implement the E-step in SBL in place of matrix inversion, leveraging the fact that GGAMP is guaranteed to converge with appropriate damping. The resulting GGAMP-SBL algorithm is much more robust to arbitrary measurement matrix A than the standard damped GAMP algorithm while being much lower complexity than the standard SBL algorithm. We then extend the approach from the single measurement vector case to the temporally correlated multiple measurement vector case, leading to the GGAMP-TSBL algorithm. We verify the robustness and computational advantages of the proposed algorithms through numerical experiments.
Vertical Cavity Laser and Passive Fabry Perot Interferometer Based Microfluidic Biosensors (2006)

Passive and active microfluidic Fabry-Perot vertical cavity based biosensors were designed and fabricated for the detection of biological cells. Transmission spectra of single polystyrene spheres, yeast cells, and blood cells inside optical cavities are reported.
P‐101: A Single‐Cell‐Gap Transflective LCD (2004)

Abstract We propose a novel design of the single cell gap transflective LCD. By using the photo‐alignment technique, we fabricated a transflective LCD with the hybrid and homogeneous alignments in reflective and transmitting regions respectively. The higher aperture ratio and simpler process are the features of our design while compared to the design of dual cell gap. The experimental results showed good performances regarding to VHR, RDC and anchoring effects.
Aluminum Foam-Filled Steel Tube Fabricated from Aluminum Burrs of Die-Castings by Friction Stir Back Extrusion (2019)

A mixture of Al burrs of Al high-pressure die-castings and a blowing agent powder was used to fabricate Al foam-filled steel tubes by friction stir back extrusion (FSBE). It was shown that the mixture can be sufficiently consolidated to form an Al precursor that is coated on the inner surface of a steel tube by the plastic flow generated during FSBE. Namely, a precursor coated steel tube can be fabricated from Al burrs by FSBE. By heat treatment of the precursor coated steel tube, an Al foam-filled steel tube can be fabricated. Al foam was sufficiently filled in the steel tube, and the porosity was almost homogeneously distributed in the entire sample. In compression tests of the samples, the Al foam-filled steel tube fabricated from Al burrs exhibited similar compression properties to an Al foam-filled steel tube fabricated from the bulk Al precursor. Consequently, it was shown that an Al foam-filled steel tube cost-effectively fabricated from Al burrs by FSBE compares favorably with an Al foam-filled steel tube fabricated from the bulk Al precursor.
Uncooled$C$-Band Wide-Band Gain Lasers With 32-Channel Coverage and$-$20-dBm ASE Injection for WDM-PON (2006)

We report a spectrum-sliced amplified spontaneous emission-injected wide-band gain laser covering a temperature range over 110/spl deg/C as well as entire 32 100-GHz-spaced channels (1533-1558 nm) in 155-Mb/s upstream transmissions over 25 km of single-mode fiber in a wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network. The wide-band gain laser diode employs asymmetric multiple quantum-well structure and low antireflection coating in order to widen the gain spectrum.
Internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures (1989)

The technique for internal fixation of intracapsular hip fractures is demanding. After a fracture of the femoral neck in both young and old patients, the best clinical results are obtained by anatomic reduction and multiple screw or pin fixation. The closed anatomic reduction can be obtained in the majority of cases. If this cannot be accomplished, open reduction is necessary. Three-point fixation is ideal for control of motion at the fracture site and secure fixation. This is best accomplished with a triangular pattern of pins or screws with the inferior screw resting on the medial cortex of the femur at an angle of 135°. The remaining screws are superior to the inferior screw in an anterior and posterior position parallel to the first screw. Using this technique, optimum results with minimal avascular necrosis and nonunion can be expected in intracapsular fractures.
Nitric oxide in plant immunity (1998)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Femoral Morphology in the Dysplastic Hip: Three-dimensional Characterizations With CT (2016)

Level IV, prognostic study.
Surface Hydrophobicity and Protein Cross‐Linking in Rice Subjected to Varying Drying and Tempering Conditions (2002)

ABSTRACT: Rough rice was subjected to 25 °C or 60 °C drying with or without 3 h of tempering at 16.9% relative humidity to obtain rice flours. Proteins extracted from these flours were evaluated for surface hydrophobicity, molecular size, and protein cross‐linking via lysine‐carbohydrate interaction and formation of S‐S bond. Drying at 60 °C significantly increased glutelin surface hydrophobicity ( P &lt; 0.05), but did not affect moisture, protein, glutelin components and their molecular sizes, and cystine and available lysine contents in comparison with drying at 25 °C. Therefore, drying at 60 °C is considered ineffective to cause protein cross‐linking and glutelin changes in molecular size.
IgG Subclass-Dependent Pulmonary Antigen Retention during Acute IgG-Dependent Systemic Anaphylaxis in Mice (2022)

Mouse models of active systemic anaphylaxis rely predominantly on IgG Abs forming IgG-allergen immune complexes that induce IgG receptor-expressing neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages to release potent mediators, leading to systemic effects. Whether anaphylaxis initiates locally or systemically remains unknown. In this study, we aimed at identifying the anatomical location of IgG-allergen immune complexes during anaphylaxis. Active systemic anaphylaxis was induced following immunization with BSA and i.v. challenge with fluorescently labeled BSA. Ag retention across different organs was examined using whole-body fluorescence imaging, comparing immunized and naive animals. Various mouse models and in vivo deletion strategies were employed to determine the contribution of IgG receptors, complement component C1q, myeloid cell types, and anaphylaxis mediators. We found that following challenge, Ag diffused systemically, but specifically accumulated in the lungs of mice sensitized to that Ag, where it formed large Ab-dependent aggregates in the vasculature. Ag retention in the lungs did not rely on IgG receptors, C1q, neutrophils, or macrophages. IgG2a-mediated, but neither IgG1- nor IgG2b-mediated, passive systemic anaphylaxis led to Ag retention in the lung. Neutrophils and monocytes significantly accumulated in the lungs after challenge and captured high amounts of Ag, which led to downmodulation of surface IgG receptors and triggered their activation. Thus, within minutes of systemic injection in sensitized mice, Ag formed aggregates in the lung and liver vasculature, but accumulated specifically and dose-dependently in the lung. Neutrophils and monocytes recruited to the lung captured Ag and became activated. However, Ag aggregation in the lung vasculature was not necessary for anaphylaxis induction.
Effect of Submicron Grains on Ionic Conductivity of Nanocrystalline Doped Ceria (2010)

Doped ceria has been considered for high oxygen ion conductivity for solid oxide fuel cells. In the present study, 20 mole% samarium doped nano ceria powder was prepared by wet chemical synthesis and sintered at different temperatures to retain submicron grains (> 92-96% density). ionic conductivity of the sintered pellets was measured using impedance spectroscopy as a function of temperature (200-800 degrees C). The total maximum conductivity was 1.0 x 10(-2)S.cm(-1) (at 600 degrees C) for samples sintered at 1200 degrees C. The activation energy at higher test temperature decreases with the decrease in the sintering temperature (by 25%). The grain boundary, grain interior conductivity and activation energy of the electrolyte were correlated to the resulting microstructure. It has been demonstrated that use of doped nano ceria powder as precursor not only reduced the sintering temperature but also provided segregation free grain boundary for engineering higher conductivity dense electrolytes.
Ion Kinetic Energy Spectrum (IKES) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.