gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential inactivation of alfalfa nodule glutamine synthetases by tabtoxinine-. beta. -lactam. [Pseudomonas syringae] (1987)

The presence of the pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci within the rhizosphere of nodulated alfalfa plants results in an increase in N/sub 2/-fixation potential and growth, but a 40-50% decrease in nodule glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, as compared to nodulated control plants. Tabtoxinine-..beta..-Lactam an exocellular toxin produced by Pseudomonas syringae pv tabaci irreversibly inhibits glutamine synthetase. Partial purification of nodule GS by DEAE-cellulose chromatography reveals two enzyme forms are present (GS/sub n1/ and GS/sub n2/). In vitro inactivation of the two glutamine synthetases associated with the nodule indicates a differential sensitivity to T-..beta..-L. The nodule specific GS/sub n1/ is much less sensitive to T-..beta..-L than the GS/sub n2/ enzyme, which was found to coelute with the root enzyme (GS/sub r/). However, both GS/sub n1/ and GS/sub n2/ are rapidly inactivated by methionine sulfoximine, another irreversible inhibitor of GS.
Optically induced modulation in crystalline organic semiconductor waveguides (1992)

For more than two decades, organic materials have been investigated for their potential usefulness in nonlinear optics (NLO) due to their large nonlinear coefficients and fast response time.1 Here, we report on the measurement of the resonant nonlinear index of refraction for the crystalline organic compound, 3, 4, 9, 10 perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA). This effect is associated with free carriers (plasma) generated by dissociated excitons in PTCDA rib waveguides. To our knowledge, this is the first observation of light- generated plasma effects in organic crystals.
Brain Clearance of Alzheimer's Amyloid-β40 in the Squirrel Monkey: A SPECT Study in a Primate Model of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (2002)

Squirrel monkey is a valuable model to study pathogenesis of cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy (CAA). Previous studies suggested that circulating amyloid-beta40 peptide (Abeta40) crosses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and may therefore enhance cerebrovascular amyloidosis in aged squirrel monkeys. In the present study, we used single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) to determine elimination of 123I-Abeta40 and 99mTc-DTPA, an extracellular marker, from the brain in squirrel monkeys at different age. Following intracerebral microinfusions, the time-activity brain clearance curves indicated bi-exponential removal of 123I-Abeta40 with an initial rapid washout (1.1 < or = t 1/2 < or = 2.7 h). This, plus the observed appearance of 123I-radioactivity in plasma suggest significant brain-to-blood transport. In contrast, 99mTc-DTPA was removed slowly by brain interstitial fluid bulk flow (monoexponential decay with 6.8 < or = t 1/2 < or = 16.8 h). A comparison of three middle aged (11-16 years old) vs. two old (22 yrs old) monkeys was consistent with an age-related decline in the BBB capacity to remove 123I-Abeta from the brain. This correlated with an age-dependent increase in A1beta40/42 cerebrovascular immunoreactivity and amyloid deposition. Thus, vascular clearance plays an important role in reducing Abeta levels in the squirrel monkey brain and impaired Abeta40 elimination across the BBB may contribute to the development of CAA.
Nitroxide‐mediated controlled radical polymerizations of styrene derivatives (2011)

Abstract Several (protected) amine and alcohol functionalized styrene monomers were synthesized via readily accessible synthetic routes. The controlled radical copolymerization of these functionalized styrene monomers with styrene was performed using two alkoxyamines, namely N ‐(2‐methylpropyl)‐ N ‐(1‐diethylphosphono‐2,2‐dimethylpropyl)‐ O ‐(2‐carboxylprop‐2‐yl) hydroxylamine (MAMA‐SG1) and N ‐ tert ‐butyl‐ N ‐(2‐methyl‐1‐phenylpropyl)‐ O ‐(1‐phenylethyl)hydroxylamine. The copolymers obtained showed low polydispersities, controlled molecular weights, and a random topology. The thermal properties of the polymers were determined with differential scanning calorimetry. All polymers were amorphous and showed glass transition temperatures between 40 and 111 °C. Deprotection of the copolymers afforded amine or alcohol pendant polystyrenes which were readily functionalized with isocyanates. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2012
Supplementary Figures 1-10, Tables 1-4 from Alternative Splicing of Caspase 9 Is Modulated by the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway via Phosphorylation of SRp30a (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-10, Tables 1-4 from Alternative Splicing of Caspase 9 Is Modulated by the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Pathway via Phosphorylation of SRp30a
Deposition and Characterizations of ZnO Thin Films on Al2O3 (0001) Substrates with III-Arsenide Intermediating Layers (2011)

ZnO thin films have been grown by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering on c-plane sapphire substrates with III-V (i.e., GaAs and InAs) intermediate layers. The intermediate layers were grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Structural and optical properties were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman scatterings. The growth orientations of the ZnO/III-V/c-sapphire heterostructures were determined by off-axis XRD, i.e., x-ray pole-figure mapping. It is found that the crystalline quality of the III-V intermediate layers play an important role in the growth of ZnO. The 30-degree inplane rotation that usually occurs in the growth of ZnO on a c-sapphire substrate is absent due to the insertion of III-V intermediate layers. Raman scattering, together with the XRD, reveals the relaxation of the tensile strain in the GaAs interlayer after the ZnO thin film deposition, while the strain relaxation did not occur in the InAs interlayer.
POINT-OF-CARE BLOOD COAGULATION MONITORING USING LATERAL FLOW DEVICE (2014)

A simple and affordable method of evaluating blood coagulation ability using microfluidic paperbased lateral flow assay (LFA) device is reported. Rabbit whole blood treated with citrate as anticoagulant was used in experiments. Re-establishment of blood coagulation cascade and creation of different coagulation abilities were achieved by adding CaCl2 solutions of varying concentrations. Since viscosity change of blood depends on its coagulation ability, travel distance of red blood cells (RBC) on nitrocellulose membrane can be used as an indicator of blood clotting time. RBC travel distance is found to decrease linearly with increasing CaCl2 concentration.
Building a high dynamic range video sensor with spatially nonregular optical filtering (2012)

Although we observe a steady progress in the development of High Dynamic Range Video (HDRV) technology, current image sensors are still lacking achievable dynamic range for high image quality applications. We propose a new imaging principle that is based on a spatial variation of optical Neutral Density (ND) filters on top of some pixels. In existing work, this method has been used to trade spatial resolution for an increase in dynamic range. We improve this approach by a non-regular placement of these filters. The non-regular sampling is an important step as any sub-sampling with regular patterns leads to aliasing. The non-regular patterns however preserve just a single dominant spatial frequency and enable an image reconstruction without aliasing. In combination with a new image reconstruction approach, we are able to recover image details at high resolution. The iterative reconstruction is based on the assumption that natural images can be represented with few coefficients in the Fourier domain. As typical natural images can be classified as near-sparse, the method enables the reconstruction of images of high objective and visual quality. In extension to theory and simulation of this method we want to present details on a practical implementation of our method. While building a demonstration system we encountered many challenges. This includes effects like crosstalk, aspects like sensor selection and mask fabrication as well as mounting of the masks.
Data from Visualizing the Dynamics of EGFR Activity and Antiglioma Therapies <i>In vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Many altered pathways in cancer cells depend on growth factor receptors. In primary malignant gliomas, the amplification/alteration of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to play a significant role in enhancing glioma burden. In an effort to dissect the role of EGFR expression in glioma progression &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; and evaluate targeted therapies for gliomas, we have genetically engineered glioma cells to visualize the dynamics of EGFR and targeted therapies in real time &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Using engineered lentiviral vectors bearing fusions between EGFR and its exon 2 to 7 deleted variant (EGFRvIII) with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and &lt;i&gt;Renilla&lt;/i&gt; luciferase (Rluc), we show that there is a direct correlation between EGFR expression and glioma cell proliferation in the initial stages of glioma progression. To monitor and evaluate EGFR-targeted therapies, we have engineered (&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;) short hairpin RNAs (shRNA) and (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;) clinically used monoclonal antibody, cetuximab. Using EGFR-GFP-Rluc/firefly luciferase (Fluc)-DsRed2 glioma model, we show that both shRNAs and cetuximab result in a considerable reduction in glioma cell proliferation in culture and glioma burden &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; that can be monitored in real time at a cellular resolution. This study serves as a template to follow the role of growth factor receptor expression in tumor progression and to image therapeutic efficacy of targeted therapies in cancer. [Cancer Res 2007;67(15):7335–42]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Wavelength dependence of the photorefractive effect in BaTiO3 (1985)

The photorefractive effect in BaTiO 3 is characterized by a wide spectral response typically covering the entire visible spectrum. This result can be quantified by measuring the two-beam coupling coefficient and response time as a function of the incident wavelength. Such data were obtained for BaTiO 3 over a spectral range of 400-1300 nm. In addition the variation of these parameters with grating wavelength is also presented. The most immediate result of this study was the observation of a significant near-infrared response. Therefore, many optical devices such as passive phase conjugate mirrors which utilize the photorefractive effect in BaTiO 3 should be possible with near-IR sources including semiconductor lasers. The feasibility of such applications is discussed along with methods to increase the near-infrared response of BaTiO 3 .
Maximal poisson-disk sampling via sampling radius optimization (2016)

Maximal Poisson-disk Sampling (MPS) is a fundamental research topic in computer graphics. An ideal MPS pattern should satisfy three properties: bias-free, minimal distance, maximal coverage. The classic approach for generating MPS is dart throwing, but this method is unable to precisely control the number of samples when achieving maximality [Ebeida et al. 2011]. Sample elimination [Yuksel 2015] is an recently proposed algorithm that could generate Poisson-disk sets with an exactly desired size, but it cannot guarantee the maximal coverage. In this work, we propose a simple 2D MPS algorithm that can precisely control the number of samples, while meeting all three criteria simultaneously. Unlike previous conflict-based methods, our algorithm controls the number of samples by dynamically adjusting sampling radius.
The future is now: extending CAE into test of custom VLSI (1984)

NCT00394901, NCT00553475, NCT00407745, NCT00424372, NCT00553280, NCT01202227.
Modulation of Redox Potential and Alteration in Reactivity via the Peroxide Shunt Pathway by Mutation of Cytochrome P450 around the Proximal Heme Ligand (2008)

In the thermophilic cytochrome P450 from the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus tokodaii strain 7 (P450st), a phenylalanine residue at position 310 and an alanine residue at position 320 are located close to the heme thiolate ligand, Cys317. Single site-directed mutants F310A and A320Q and double mutant F310A/A320Q have been constructed. All mutant enzymes as well as wild-type (WT) P450st were expressed at high levels. The substitution of F310 with Ala and of A320 with Gln induced shifts in redox potential and blue shifts in Soret absorption of ferrous-CO forms, while spectral characterization showed that in the resting state, the mutants almost retained the structural integrity of the active site. The redox potential of the heme varied as follows: -481 mV (WT), -477 mV (A320Q), -453 mV (F310A), and -450 mV (F310A/A320Q). The trend in the Soret band of the ferrous-CO form was as follows: 450 nm (WT) < 449 nm (A320Q) < 446 nm (F310A) < 444 nm (F310A/A320Q). These results established that the reduction potential and electron density on the heme iron are modulated by the Phe310 and Ala320 residues in P450st. The electron density on the heme decreases in the following order: WT > A320Q > F310A > F310A/A320Q. The electron density on the heme iron infers an essential role in P450 activity. The decrease in electron density interferes with the formation of a high-valent oxo-ferryl species called Compound I. However, steady-state turnover rates of styrene epoxidation with H2O2 show the following trend: WT approximately equal to A320Q < F310A approximately equal to F310A/A320Q. The shunt pathway which can provide the two electrons and oxygen required for a P450 reaction instead of NAD(P)H and dioxygen can rule out the first and second heme reduction in the catalytic process. Because the electron density on the heme iron might be deeply involved in the k cat values in this system, the intermediate Compound 0 which is the precursor species of Compound I mainly appears to participate dominantly in epoxidation with H2O2.
Spatially resolved infrared spectra of F109 turbofan exhaust (2012)

There is a strong interest in diagnosing engine performance problems and maintenance needs using optical techniques instead of expensive, time-consuming mechanical inspection. A Telops Hyper-Cam MWIR imaging Fourier-transform spectrometer collected spectrally-resolved images of jet exhaust from an F109 turbofan engine operating at 53%, 82%, and 88% of maximum RPM. This work attempts to discern what information content about the turbulent jet flow field is revealed in the measured spectra. The spectrum is examined and simulated, a radial and axial temperature mapping of the plume is presented, and a turbulent temporal and spatial analysis method is demonstrated. Spectral simulation of a pixel centered at nozzle exit finds volume mixing fractions of 3.3% H<sub>2</sub>O and 2.8% CO<sub>2</sub> and an exhaust temperature of 560K with the engine at 82%. A single, high frequency turbulent feature is mapped and tracked over several frames. Velocity of this feature, based on the 2.86kHz camera frame rate and 0.067cm<sup>2</sup> per pixel spatial resolution, is approximately 176<sup>m</sup>/s and compares favorably with an estimate based on the measured mass flow rate. This effort is a proof of concept and intended to justify qualitative analysis of a more controlled and characterized turbulent source in future work.
Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment is a useful predictive tool for postoperative delirium after gastrointestinal surgery in old‐old adults (2015)

The Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment before gastrointestinal surgery can be a useful tool for predicting the development of POD in old-old patients. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2016; 16: 1036-1042.
Small Molecule Inhibition of the Bcl-XL-BH3 Protein-Protein Interaction: Proof-of-Concept of an In Vivo Chemopotentiator ABT-737 (2007)

The Bcl-2 family of anti-apoptotic proteins are key regulators of programmed cell death. Bcl-2 and its closely related Bcl-X(L) counterpart are one of several pro-survival proteins which can share up to four highly conserved domains known as the BH1, BH2, BH3 and BH4 domains. These domains form the basis of a well defined groove whereupon a heterodimeric protein-protein interaction can occur with pro-apoptotic BH3 proteins such as Bad, Bid and Bim. Extensive evidence clearly indicates a strong correlation between neoplastic progression and deregulation of apoptotic pathways. Overexpression of Bcl-X(L) is associated with tumor progression, poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Antagonism of Bcl-X(L) is therefore viewed as a means to mimic the endogenous apoptotic pathways initiated by Bad, Bid and other pro-apoptotic proteins. Several successful approaches to block the Bcl-X(L)-BH3 binding groove have been reported but only recently have proteomimetics been found which could prove to be clinically useful as new anticancer agents capable of overcoming apoptosis resistance. ABT-737 is an example of one of the first small-molecule inhibitors of Bcl-2/X(L) proteins shown to be efficacious in vivo, causing complete regression in small-cell lung carcinoma tumour xenografts in mice. This review will focus on the recent advances surrounding the non-peptidic Bcl-2/X(L) inhibitor ABT-737 developed by Abbot laboratories and highlight the key structural characteristics found within this unique BH3 alpha-helical mimetic.
Preserved bone mass in ovariectomized rats treated with parathyroid-hormone-related peptide (1-34) and (107-111) fragments (1994)

The effect of synthetic human PTHrP (1-34) or (107-111) fragments on bone loss was studied in rats, one month after ovariectomy (OVX). Four groups of 7-8-month-old rats were treated sc daily for 13 d with PTHrP (1-34) or (107-111) at the dose of 1 or 3 nmol/100 g body weight. Sham-operated (SHO) and control OVX rats received solvent alone. In our conditions, at the lowest dose, neither (1-34) nor (107-111) fragments had any significant effect. However, at the dose of 3 nmol/100 g daily for 13 d both treatments significantly increased femoral dry weight, ash weight, Ca content and densitometry of the femur. The effect of PTHrP (1-34) mainly resulted from increased cortical and trabecular bone (% recovery: 98.25 and 105.23%, respectively). For the PTHrP (107-111) fragment, a positive effect was only demonstrated on the cortical bone (98.25% recovery). The results of this study demonstrate that both hPTHrP (1-34) and (107-111, osteostatin) fragments are positive for bone when administered at the dose of 3 nmol/100 g body weight/d for 13 d to adult OVX rats.
Antenna Arrays for Wireless Communications Models and Algorithms from a Systems Perspective (1999)

Antenna Arrays for Wireless Communications Models and Algorithms from a Systems Perspective
Phase-shifting polarization interferometry for microstructure linewidth measurement (1999)

We report on a novel procedure to measure the linewidth of steep microstructures, based on the polarization anisotropy caused by the structure edges. A liquid-crystal phase shifter and a polarizer are introduced into the imaging optics of a reflection-mode microscope. We apply the principle of phase-shifting interferometry to measure the phase and contrast of a TM-polarized image with the TE-polarized image as reference. The method provides selective edge detection because the polarization difference is localized at the structure edges.
Effect of surface treatment by (NH4)2Sx solution on the reduction of ohmic contact resistivity of p-type GaN (1999)

Surface treatment using aqua regia and (NH4)2Sx solution in sequence prior to Pd metal deposition was effective in reducing the contact resistivity of Pd to p-type GaN. The contact resistivity was drastically decreased from 3.6×10−1 to 2.9×10−4 Ω cm2 by the treatment. The surface oxides formed on p-type GaN during epitaxial growth were effectively removed using aqua regia, and the following (NH4)2Sx treatment protected the surface from the formation of oxides during air exposure. The reduction of the contact resistivity is due to the direct contact of Pd to the clean surface of p-type GaN, via shift of the Fermi level to an energy level near the valence band, resulting in the reduction of the barrier height for holes at the interface of Pd/p-type GaN.
Production of Sheep-Goat Chimeras by Inner Cell Mass Transplantation1 (1987)

Embryos were surgically flushed from goats and sheep on d 6 and 7, respectively, following the first day of estrus (d 0). After enzymatic removal of the zonae pellucidae, inner cell masses were isolated from caprine blastocysts by immunosurgery. The intact inner cell masses were injected into ovine blastocysts with the aid of a micromanipulator. Twenty-two manipulated blastocysts were surgically transferred into 12 ovine recipients. Nine ewes gave birth to a total of 13 young (59% embryo survival). Ten were classified by serum electrophoretic assays or karyotypes as lambs, one as a kid, and two as interspecific chimeras.
Monofunctional and Telechelic Polyethylenes Carrying Phosphonic Acid End Groups (2018)

Monofunctional or telechelic polyethylenes (PEs) carrying phosphonic acid end groups are obtained from functional PE produced by catalyzed chain growth (CCG) on magnesium. CCG is first used to produce iodo-end-functionalized PE (PE-I) that is efficiently turned into phosphonate end-functionalized PE (PE-P(O)(OEt)<sub>2</sub> ) in the presence of triethylphosphite through the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction. A simple treatment of the resulting PE-P(O)(OEt)<sub>2</sub> with bromotrimethylsilane leads to the targeted phosphonic acid end-functionalized PE (PE-P(O)(OH)<sub>2</sub> ) for the first time. Vinyl-end-functionalized analogs (Vin-PE-P(O)(OEt)<sub>2</sub> ) are produced using vinyl-end-functionalized PE-I (Vin-PE-I) recently obtained through CCG. A cross-metathesis reaction is then employed to couple Vin-PE-P(O)(OEt)<sub>2</sub> and produce after treatment with bromotrimethylsilane the corresponding unprecedented α-ω-(diphosphonic acid) telechelic PE ((OH)<sub>2</sub> (O)P-PE-P(O)(OH)<sub>2</sub> ).
Amplified transmission beyond C- and L- bands: doped fibre amplifiers for 1250–1450 nm range (2020)

Growing capacity demand of fibre optic transmission systems increased interest to multi-span transmission outside traditional C- and L-bands. In this paper we review recent progress of doped fibre amplifiers designed for 1250-1450 nm range. We will also discuss various telecom and DCI transmission scenarios.
De novo discovery of antibody drugs – great promise demands scrutiny (2019)

We live in an era of rapidly advancing computing capacity and algorithmic sophistication. "Big data" and "artificial intelligence"find progressively wider use in all spheres of human activity, including healthcare. A diverse array of computational technologies is being applied with increasing frequency to antibody drug research and development (R&D). Their successful applications are met with great interest due to the potential for accelerating and streamlining the antibody R&D process. While this excitement is very likely justified in the long term, it is less likely that the transition from the first use to routine practice will escape challenges that other new technologies had experienced before they began to blossom. This transition typically requires many cycles of iterative learning that rely on the deconstruction of the technology to understand its pitfalls and define vectors for optimization. The study by Vasquez et al. identifies a key obstacle to such learning: the lack of transparency regarding methodology in computational antibody design reports, which has the potential to mislead the community efforts.