gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Sofosbuvir plus Ledipasvir in Egyptian patients with COVID-19 compared to standard treatment: a randomized controlled trial (2022)

COVID-19 is a pandemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is an RNA virus similar to the hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the replication process. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is an approved drug to treat HCV infection. This study investigates the efficacy of Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir as a treatment for patients with moderate COVID-19 infection. This is a single-blinded parallel-randomized controlled trial. The participants were randomized equally into the intervention group that received Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir (S.L. group), and the control group received Oseltamivir, Hydroxychloroquine, and Azithromycin (OCH group). The primary outcomes were the cure rate over time and the incidence of serious adverse events. The secondary outcomes included the laboratory findings. 250 patients were divided equally into each group. Both groups were similar regarding gender, but age was higher in the S.L. group (p=0.001). In the S.L. group, 89 (71.2%) patients were cured, while only 51 (40.8%) patients were cured in the OCH group. The cure rate was significantly higher in the S.L. group (RR=1.75, p<0.001). Kaplan-Meir plot showed a considerably higher cure over time in the S.L. group (Log-rank test, p=0.032). There were no deaths in the S.L. group, but there were six deaths (4.8%) in the OCH group (RR=0.08, p=0.013). Seven patients (5.6%) in the S.L. group and six patients (4.8%) in the OCH group were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (RR=1.17, P=0.776). There were no significant differences between treatment groups regarding total leukocyte and neutrophils count, lymph, and urea. Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir is suggestive of being effective in treating patients with moderate COVID-19 infection. Further studies are needed to compare Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir with new treatment protocols.
ChemInform Abstract: 2,2,3‐Tribromopropanal as a Versatile Reagent in the Skraup‐Type Synthesis of 3‐Bromoquinolin‐6‐ols. (2014)

Abstract The Skraup‐type cyclization of 2,2,3‐tribromopropanal with 4‐nitro‐ or 4‐methoxyanilines yields the corresponding 3‐bromoquinolines (III) and (V), resp., which can be transformed into 3‐bromoquinolin‐6‐ols as demonstrated for compound (VI).
Profiling and modeling of dc nitrogen microplasmas (2003)

This article explores electric current and field distributions in dc microplasmas, which have distinctive characteristics that are not evident at larger dimensions. These microplasmas, which are powered by coplanar thin-film metal electrodes with 400-μm minimum separations on a glass substrate, are potentially useful for microsystems in both sensing and microfabrication contexts. Experiments in N2 ambient show that electron current favors electrode separations of 4 mm at 1.2 Torr, reducing to 0.4 mm at 10 Torr. The glow region is confined directly above the cathode, and within 200–500 μm of its lateral edge. Voltage gradients of 100 kV/m exist in this glow region at 1.2 Torr, increasing to 500 kV/m at 6 Torr, far in excess of those observed in larger plasmas. Numerical simulations indicate that the microplasmas are highly nonquasineutral, with a large ion density proximate to the cathode, responsible for a dense space-charge region, and the strong electric fields in the glow region. It is responsible for the bulk of the ionization and has a bimodal electron energy distribution function, with a local peak at 420 eV.
Supplementary Figure S2 from Rapid Expansion of Highly Functional Antigen-Specific T Cells from Patients with Melanoma by Nanoscale Artificial Antigen-Presenting Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cytokine analysis of MART-1 Tet+ CD8+ T-cells.&lt;/p&gt;
<title>Performance of the PACS photoconductor arrays aboard FIRST</title> (2000)

For the instrument PACS (Photoconductor Array Camera and Spectrometer) aboard FIRST two photoconductor arrays dedicated for different wavelengths bands are foreseen in the spectrometer section. Each camera consists of 25 linear arrays of 16 stressed Ge:Ga crystals. The arrays with 2 X 400 pixels will be used for imaging line spectroscopy in the wavelengths ranges 60 micrometers to 110 micrometers and 110 micrometers to 210 micrometers . The detectors are read out by a new generation of integrating and multiplexing cryogenic read-out electronics, which is currently under redesign and further development. The development of the arrays has passed the engineering phase and entered the qualification status. We summarize the results obtained with the engineering arrays and the first 6 qualification models with respect to their performance such as uniformity of current sensitivity and cutoff wavelength. The impacts of the result of the first 6 linear arrays on the qualification model are described together with the final design which is supposed to fulfill the specifications and requirements of the instrument PACS.
Implementing Neural Network-Based Equalizers in a Coherent Optical Transmission System Using Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (2023)

In this work, we demonstrate the offline FPGA realization of both recurrent and feedforward neural network (NN)-based equalizers for nonlinearity compensation in coherent optical transmission systems. First, we present a realization pipeline showing the conversion of the models from Python libraries to the FPGA chip synthesis and implementation. Then, we review the main alternatives for the hardware implementation of nonlinear activation functions. The main results are divided into three parts: a performance comparison, an analysis of how activation functions are implemented, and a report on the complexity of the hardware. The performance in Q-factor is presented for the cases of bidirectional long-short-term memory coupled with convolutional NN (biLSTM + CNN) equalizer, CNN equalizer, and standard 1-StpS digital back-propagation (DBP) for the simulation and experiment propagation of a single channel dual-polarization (SC-DP) 16QAM at 34 GBd along 17 × 70 km of LEAF. The biLSTM+CNN equalizer provides a similar result to DBP and a 1.7 dB Q-factor gain compared with the chromatic dispersion compensation baseline in the experimental dataset. After that, we assess the Q-factor and the impact of hardware utilization when approximating the activation functions of NN using Taylor series, piecewise linear, and look-up table (LUT) approximations. We also show how to mitigate the approximation errors with extra training and provide some insights into possible gradient problems in the LUT approximation. Finally, to evaluate the complexity of hardware implementation to achieve 200G and 400G throughput, fixed-point NN-based equalizers with approximated activation functions are developed and implemented in an FPGA.
Nanophotonic coherent light–matter interfaces based on rare-earth-doped crystals (2015)

Quantum light-matter interfaces connecting stationary qubits to photons will enable optical networks for quantum communications, precise global time keeping, photon switching and studies of fundamental physics. Rare-earth-ion-doped crystals are state-of-the-art materials for optical quantum memories and quantum transducers between optical photons, microwave photons and spin waves. Here we demonstrate coupling of an ensemble of neodymium rare-earth-ions to photonic nanocavities fabricated in the yttrium orthosilicate host crystal. Cavity quantum electrodynamics effects including Purcell enhancement (F=42) and dipole-induced transparency are observed on the highly coherent (4)I(9/2)-(4)F(3/2) optical transition. Fluctuations in the cavity transmission due to statistical fine structure of the atomic density are measured, indicating operation at the quantum level. Coherent optical control of cavity-coupled rare-earth ions is performed via photon echoes. Long optical coherence times (T2∼100 μs) and small inhomogeneous broadening are measured for the cavity-coupled rare-earth ions, thus demonstrating their potential for on-chip scalable quantum light-matter interfaces.
A transcriptomic comparison between nasal and bronchial airway epithelia from children (2017)

<b>Introduction:</b> The invasive nature of accessing bronchial epithelial cells limits the capacity to source and utilise these cells for research purposes. Nasal epithelial cells have been identified as a potential surrogate however, there is conflicting evidence to support this. <b>Aim:</b> To compare baseline transcriptomic differences between nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells. <b>Methods:</b> Matched Nasal and Bronchial Epithelial cells (NEC and BEC respectively) were obtained via non-bronchoscopic brushings from 32 healthy children (mean age: 5.7 years, 15 males). Total RNA was extracted, sequenced via Illumina and differential gene expression analysis was performed (DESeq2 and Ingenuity Systems). <b>Results:</b> RNA-seq analysis identified 3,500 differentially expressed genes, where 2,388 genes were significantly upregulated, in NEC compared to BEC samples (±2-fold, adjusted p≤0.05). The most enriched pathways in NEC samples were related to; innate immune response (e.g. complement cascade; pattern recognition receptors, scavenger and Fcγ receptors), and metabolic processes (e.g. retinol metabolism, biological oxidations and cytochrome P450). Interestingly, NEC samples expressed genes related to innate immune pathways at lower levels compared to BEC, whereas genes related to metabolic pathways were expressed at significantly higher levels in NEC samples. <b>Conclusions:</b> This is the largest transcriptomic profiling study, to date, of <i>ex vivo</i> nasal and bronchial airway epithelial cells from a healthy paediatric cohort. Data generated here illustrates intrinsic differences between nasal and bronchial airway samples, however functional validation is necessary to confirm these observations.
Reconstruction of eolian bed forms and paleocurrents from cross-bedded strata at Victoria Crater, Meridiani Planum, Mars (2011)

[1] Outcrop exposures imaged by the Opportunity rover at Victoria Crater, a 750 m diameter crater in Meridiani Planum, are used to delineate sedimentary structures and further develop a dune-interdune depositional model for the region. The stratigraphy at Victoria Crater, observed during Opportunity's partial traverse of its rim, includes the best examples of meter-scale eolian cross bedding observed on Mars to date. The Cape St. Mary promontory, located at the southern end of the rim traverse, is characterized by meter-scale sets of trough cross bedding, suggesting northward migrating sinuous-crested bed forms. Cape St. Vincent, which is located at the opposite end of the traverse, shows tabular-planar stratification indicative of climbing bed forms with meter- to decameter-scale dune heights migrating southward. Promontories located between Cape St. Mary and Cape St. Vincent contain superposed stratigraphic units with northward and southward dipping beds separated by outcrop-scale bounding surfaces. These bounding surfaces are interpreted to be either reactivation and/or superposition surfaces in a complex erg sea. Any depositional model used to explain the bedding must conform to reversing northward and southward paleomigration directions and include multiple scales of bed forms. In addition to stratified outcrop, a bright diagenetic band is observed to overprint bedding and to lie on an equipotential parallel to the preimpact surface. Meter-scale cross bedding at Victoria Crater is similar to terrestrial eolian deposits and is interpreted as a dry dune field, comparable to Jurassic age eolian deposits in the western United States.
Quantum Logic with Interacting Bosons in 1D (2015)

We present a scheme for implementing high-fidelity quantum logic gates using the quantum walk of a few interacting bosons on a one-dimensional lattice. The gate operation is carried out by a single compact lattice described by a one-dimensional Bose-Hubbard model with only nearest-neighbor hopping and on-site interactions. We find high-fidelity deterministic logic operations for a gate set (including the CNOT gate) that is universal for quantum information processing. We discuss the applicability of this scheme in light of recent developments in controlling and monitoring cold-atoms in optical lattices, as well as an implementation with realistic nonlinear quantum photonic devices.
Arzneimittel für neuartige Therapien – Perspektiven, Chancen, Herausforderungen (2020)

Zusammenfassung Arzneimittel für neuartige Therapien (ATMP) wie somatische Gentherapie und Zelltherapie besitzen ein hohes therapeutisches Potenzial für Krankheiten, die sehr früh im Leben beginnen, und die bisher nicht behandelbar waren. Sie werden oft in einem sehr frühen Entwicklungsstadium zugelassen, wenn an wenigen Betroffenen die Wirksamkeit gezeigt wurde und sich ein bisher nie dagewesener Therapieerfolg auftut, vor allem, wenn die Therapie vor Eintritt von Organschäden greift. Dadurch ergeben sich für Pädiater neue arzneimittelrechtliche und ethische Fragen. Um die neuen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten adäquat einzusetzen, muss die Diagnose früher als bisher gestellt werden, oder neue Screeningmethoden müssen zur Verfügung stehen. Denkbar ist, dass das Neugeborenenscreening in zeitkritische Krankheiten in den ersten 72 h nach Geburt und ein genetisches Screening (z. B. in der 4. bis 5. Lebenswoche) aufgeteilt wird. ATMP sind bei ihrer Zulassung noch nicht in ausreichender Anzahl angewendet worden, sodass die notwendigen Erkenntnisse für Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit noch nicht vorliegen (Nutzen-Risiko-Verhältnis). Deswegen werden sie unter strengen Auflagen in spezialisierten Behandlungszentren nach Qualitätskriterien eingesetzt, die der Gemeinsame Bundesausschuss (G-BA) nach Beratung mit den Fachgesellschaften festlegt. Der Aufwand der Therapie und der Dokumentation des Verlaufes in Registern ist erheblich und muss entsprechend vergütet werden. Der Wert eines ATMP wird erst mit seiner breiteren Anwendung nach der Zulassung klar, ähnlich wie die Sicherheit eines Arzneimittels nicht mit der Zulassung vollumfänglich bekannt ist. Für die Pädiatrie ergeben sich neue Herausforderungen und Chancen.
Performance evaluation of joint beamforming and power control CDMA system with RAKE combining (2003)

We propose an algorithm for forward link beamforming jointly with power control and RAKE combining, which the total transmit power is minimized and effective signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) at each mobile is grater than the target SINR at the same time. In the algorithm, the beamforming weight vectors are determined by the virtual uplink SINR maximization criterion, and the multipath combining weight vectors are selected by minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion. The virtual uplink SINR maximization beamforming schemes can reduce the total transmit power compared to the maximal ratio transmission (MRT) schemes through system level simulation. It is observed that diversity gain is obtained by mobile equipped with the multipath combiner.
VapB and VapC interact <i>in vivo</i> and <i>in vitro</i>. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;(&lt;b&gt;A&lt;/b&gt;) Pull-down assay. The soluble fraction of &lt;i&gt;E. coli&lt;/i&gt; pAE&lt;i&gt;vapBC&lt;/i&gt; extract was applied to a Ni&lt;sup&gt;+2&lt;/sup&gt;-Sepharose column. Samples were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Lane 1: initial sample; lane 2: washing; lanes 3–4: elution with 250 mM imidazole. It is important to observe that no VapC was released during the washing step, being co-purified with VapB-His, denoting the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; interaction. The arrows indicate the VapB and VapC bands. M - Molecular Weight Marker (kDa). Pull-down assay was perfomed more than 5 times. (&lt;b&gt;B&lt;/b&gt;) Ligand affinity blotting. To analyze specific binding between VapB and VapC, the VapC and LipL32 proteins (negative control) were subjected to 15% SDS-PAGE (left panel) and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane (right panel). After blocking, the membrane was incubated with a VapB solution (3 µg ml&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt;). Following extensive washing, the membrane was incubated with anti-VapB antibodies. M - Prestained Molecular Weight Marker (kDa). VapB in solution bound to both monomeric (15.1 kDa) and dimeric (30.2 kDa) forms of VapC immobilized in the membrane, denoting &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; interaction. VapB did not bound the negative control, protein LipL32.(&lt;b&gt;C&lt;/b&gt;) Western blot control showing that anti-VapB antibodies recognizes specifically VapB, and not VapC.&lt;/p&gt;
Single-Cell and Deep Sequencing of IgG-Switched Macaque B Cells Reveal a Diverse Ig Repertoire following Immunization (2014)

The nonhuman primate model is important for preclinical evaluation of prophylactic and therapeutic intervention strategies. The recent description of the rhesus macaque germline Ig loci and establishment of a database of germline gene segments offer improved opportunities to delineate Ig gene usage in the overall B cell repertoire as well as in response to vaccination. We applied 454-pyrosequencing and single-cell RT-PCR of bulk and sorted memory B cells, respectively, to investigate IGHV gene segment expression in rhesus macaques. The two methods gave remarkably concordant results and identified groups of gene segments that are frequently or rarely used. We further examined the VH repertoire of Ag-specific memory B cells induced by immunization with recombinant HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins, an important vaccine component. We demonstrate that HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein immunization activates a highly polyclonal response composed of most of the expressed VH gene segments, illustrating the considerable genetic diversity of responding B cells following vaccination.
Development and Testing of Harpoon-Based Approaches for Collecting Comet Samples (2017)

Comets, having bright tails visible to the unassisted human eye, are considered to have been known about since pre-historic times. In fact 3,000-year old written records of comet sightings have been identified. In comparison, asteroids, being so dim that telescopes are required for observation, were not discovered until 1801. Yet, despite their later discovery, a space mission returned the first samples of an asteroid in 2010 and two more asteroid sample return missions have already been launched. By contrast no comet sample return mission has ever been funded, despite the fact that comets in certain ways are far more scientifically interesting than asteroids. Why is this? The basic answer is the greater difficulty, and consequently higher cost, of a comet sample return mission. Comets typically are in highly elliptical heliocentric orbits which require much more time and propulsion for Space Craft (SC) to reach from Earth and then return to Earth as compared to many asteroids which are in Earth-like orbits. It is also harder for a SC to maneuver safely near a comet given the generally longer communications distances and the challenge of navigating in the comet's, when the comet is close to perihelion, which turns out to be one of the most interesting times for a SC to get close to the comet surface. Due to the science value of better understanding the sublimation of volatiles near the comet surface, other contributions to higher cost as desire to get sample material from both the comet surface and a little below, to preserve the stratigraphy of the sample, and to return the sample in a storage state where it does not undergo undesirable alterations, such as aqueous. In response to these challenges of comet sample return missions, the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GFSC) has worked for about a decade (2006 to this time) to develop and test approaches for comet sample return that would enable such a mission to be scientifically valuable, while having acceptably low risk and an affordable cost. A harpoon-based approach for gathering comet samples appears to offer the most effective way of accomplishing this goal. As described below, with a decade of development, analysis, testing and refinement, the harpoon approach has evolved from a promising concept to a practical element of a realistic comet sample return mission. Note that the following material includes references to videos, all of which are contained in different sections of the video supplement identified in the references. Each video will be identified as SS##, where SS means the supplement section and ## will be the number of the section.
Process development for CMOS fabrication using minimal fab (2017)

CMOS fabrication processes based on clean-localized technology of Minimal fab are introduced in this work. Without a cleanroom, the particle and impurities are locally controlled at each machine and wafer carrier during the fabrication process. Two methods of CMOS inverter fabrication are performed, 1) using only equipment of a minimal fab for entire process on Si bulk wafer and 2) hybridizing the minimal fab with a conventional fab on SOI wafer. Both methods employ thermal diffusion for doping impurities. We have confirmed that both CMOS have good electrical-properties including interface state density.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Lipophilicity at N‐1 on Activity of Fluoroquinolones Against Mycobacteria. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design of adaptive laws for discrete-time systems based on Particle Swarm Optimization (2011)

A wide variety of linear/nonlinear adaptive systems in continuous/discrete time can be represented by error models, thus facilitating their analysis. The solution obtained for a given error model can be applied to different systems represented by the error model. This paper presents a methodology for adjusting the parameters of a discrete-time adaptive system represented by a Type 1 Error Model, which is based on Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and that allows using it in on-line applications. The performance of the proposed methodology is compared with the traditional gradient and least squares methods through simulations.
Interplay between bulk viscoelasticity and surface energy in autohesive tack of rubber‐tackifier blends (2010)

Abstract The effects of change in surface energy and bulk viscoelastic properties on the autohesive tack strength of brominated isobutylene‐ co ‐ p ‐methylstyrene (BIMS) rubber have been investigated by the addition of hydrocarbon resin (HCR) tackifier and maleated hydrocarbon resin (MA‐ g ‐HCR) tackifier. The addition of compatible HCR tackifier results in a reasonable increment in the tack strength of BIMS rubber by modifying only the bulk viscoelastic properties (compliance, entanglement molecular weight, relaxation time, self‐diffusion, and monomer friction coefficient values) of BIMS rubber to perform better during the course of bonding and debonding steps of the peel test. Incorporation of MA‐ g ‐HCR tackifier (containing 5–20 wt % of grafted maleic anhydride) steadily increases the tack strength of BIMS rubber further by precisely modifying both the surface energy and bulk viscoelastic properties to perform much better in the bonding and debonding steps. However, beyond 20 wt % of grafted maleic anhydride in the HCR tackifier, the tack strength starts decreasing due to the incompatibility between the blend components, and hence, the bulk viscoelastic properties required for bond formation are severely retarded by the interrelated reinforcing effect and the phase separation effect of the brittle MA‐ g ‐HCR tackifier in the BIMS rubber. Hence, the polar groups in a tackifier will contribute to significant enhancement of autohesive tack strength only if the bulk viscoelastic property of the rubber‐tackifier blend is favorable for bond formation and bond separation. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 972–982, 2010