gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distributed Machine Learning forIoTApplications in the Fog (2020)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is well known for being a major source of Big Data since it builds on the connection to the Internet of a huge number of smart devices that continuously report the status of their physical environments. Although the IoT paradigm is focused on the connection of objects, its real potential lies not in the objects themselves, but in the ability to generate valuable knowledge from the data extracted from these objects. It can be said that the Internet of Things is actually not about things, but about data. In this context, machine learning (ML) is a promising technique to process the generated data and transform them into information, knowledge, predict trends, produce valuable insights, and guide automated decision-making processes. However, the use of ML techniques in IoT brings up several challenges, especially regarding the computational requirements demanded by them. Data produced by IoT devices can be typically processed in three different layers: in the data sources (Things layer), in computational clouds, and in the intermediate layer known as fog or edge. Depending on the application quality of service (QoS) parameters (such as response time) and the complexity of the required processing, each layer will be more suitable for performing a given ML technique. The overhead imposed by current ML techniques on devices of the fog and things layers, where resources are scarce, hinders their widespread adoption in this context. Recent developments in running ML algorithms on fog devices show that, due to their limited hardware and power supply, the decision-making process in the fog is not an easy task. On the other hand, a decision-making process built upon information extracted from several devices on the network is more reliable than by taking some limited view of the context. This chapter presents the challenges to perform big data/big stream analytics in fog computing using the recent artificial intelligence developments.
Role of confinement and aggregation in charge transport in semicrystalline polythiophene thin films (2012)

Crystallite orientations, molecular packing disorder, and hole mobility of poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films that are spin casted from different solvents are studied as a function of film thickness. Grazing incidence x-ray diffraction reveals that films consist of an ultrathin layer of ordered, edge-on oriented aggregates and a more disordered, face-on oriented bulk region. Diffraction and optical absorption spectroscopy elucidate the film-forming process. Field-effect hole mobility provides evidence for interconnecting aggregates as the mechanism for efficient charge transport.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Cationic Charge on Three‐Dimensional Structures of Intercalative Complexes: Structure of a Bis‐intercalated DNA Complex Solved by MAD Phasing (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thin PZT‐Based Ferroelectric Capacitors on Flexible Silicon for Nonvolatile Memory Applications (2015)

A flexible version of traditional thin lead zirconium titanate ((Pb 1.1 Zr 0.48 Ti 0.52 O 3 )‐(PZT)) based ferroelectric random access memory (FeRAM) on silicon shows record performance in flexible arena. The thin PZT layer requires lower operational voltages to achieve coercive electric fields, reduces the sol‐gel coating cycles required (i.e., more cost‐effective), and, fabrication wise, is more suitable for further scaling of lateral dimensions to the nano‐scale due to the larger feature size‐to‐depth aspect ratio (critical for ultra‐high density non‐volatile memory applications). Utilizing the inverse proportionality between substrate's thickness and its flexibility, traditional PZT based FeRAM on silicon is transformed through a transfer‐less manufacturable process into a flexible form that matches organic electronics' flexibility while preserving the superior performance of silicon CMOS electronics. Each memory cell in a FeRAM array consists of two main elements; a select/access transistor, and a storage ferroelectric capacitor. Flexible transistors on silicon have already been reported. In this work, we focus on the storage ferroelectric capacitors, and report, for the first time, its performance after transformation into a flexible version, and assess its key memory parameters while bent at 0.5 cm minimum bending radius.
Polarization-matched GaInN∕AlGaInN multi-quantum-well light-emitting diodes with reduced efficiency droop (2008)

Blue multi-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with GaInN quantum wells and polarization-matched AlGaInN barriers are grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition. The use of quaternary alloys enables an independent control over interface polarization charges and bandgap and has been suggested as a method to reduce electron leakage from the active region, a carrier loss mechanism that can reduce efficiency at high injection currents—an effect known as the efficiency droop. The GaInN∕AlGaInN LEDs show reduced forward voltage, reduced efficiency droop, and improved light-output power at large currents compared to conventional GaInN∕GaN LEDs.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photophysical Properties of Luminescent Gallium and Indium Complexes Constructed using Tridentate 6-Azolyl-2,2′-bipyridine Chelates (2007)

Three systematically functionalized 6-azolyl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands were prepared from reactions initiated by 6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine. These ligands readily reacted with the metal alkyl reagents GaMe3 and InMe3 to afford the pentacoordinate complexes [(fpzbpy)MMe2] (1a, M = Ga; 1b, M = In), [(ftzbpy)MMe2] (2a, M = Ga; 2b, M = In), and [(N4bpy)MMe2] (3a, M = Ga; 3b, M = In), in which (fpzbpy)H, (ftzbpy)H, and (N4bpy)H denote 6-pyrazolyl-, 6-triazolyl-, and 6-tetrazolyl-substituted 2,2′-bipyridine, respectively. These complexes exhibited moderate blue-green emission ranging from 412 to 493 nm. On the other hand, treatment of the bidentate 2-pyridyl tetrazole ligand (pyN4)H with InMe3 afforded the bridged dimer [Me2In(pyN4)]2 (4). Calculation based on time-dependent density function theory (TDDFT) showed that the S1 state of complexes 1−3 is mainly attributed to an allowed intraligand π → π* electronic transition located at tridentate chelating moieties, together with a small contribution (<10%) of gallium (or indium) → π* (ligand) charge transfer transition. Accordingly, the corresponding emission properties of 1a−3a (or 1b−3b) can be rationalized using the correlation between the substituent effect of azolyl groups and the relative HOMO/LUMO energy level.
Nanoscale metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors: scaling limits and opportunities (2004)

Compact, physics-based, short-channel models of subthreshold swing and threshold voltage are presented for undoped symmetric double-gate (DG) MOSFETs, including quantum-mechanical and fringe-induced-barrier-lowering effects. Scaling limit projections indicate that individual DG MOSFETs with good turn-off behaviour are feasible at 10 nm scale; however, practical exploitation of these devices toward gigascale integrated systems requires development of novel technologies for significant improvement in process control.
ChemInform Abstract: New Mechanistic Proposal for Some Heptamolybdate‐Ion‐Catalyzed Isomerizations. (1987)

Abstract Rate measurements for the heptamolybdate‐ion (HM) catalyzed C(2) epimerization of glucose (I) and the racemization of (II) indicate comparable free energies of activation for the two processes (107 or 119 kJ/mol).
Supplementary Figure 1 from The Novel Tryptamine Derivative JNJ-26854165 Induces Wild-Type p53- and E2F1-Mediated Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid and Lymphoid Leukemias (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from The Novel Tryptamine Derivative JNJ-26854165 Induces Wild-Type p53- and E2F1-Mediated Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid and Lymphoid Leukemias
Real-time retinal vessel mapping and localization for intraocular surgery (2013)

Computer-aided intraocular surgery requires precise, real-time knowledge of the vasculature during retinal procedures such as laser photocoagulation or vessel cannulation. Because vitreoretinal surgeons manipulate retinal structures on the back of the eye through ports in the sclera, voluntary and involuntary tool motion rotates the eye in the socket and causes movement to the microscope view of the retina. The dynamic nature of the surgical workspace during intraocular surgery makes mapping, tracking, and localizing vasculature in real time a challenge. We present an approach that both maps and localizes retinal vessels by temporally fusing and registering individual-frame vessel detections. On video of porcine and human retina, we demonstrate real-time performance, rapid convergence, and robustness to variable illumination and tool occlusion.
Polyfluoroalkyl derivatives of nitrogen. Part XXXVIII. Reaction of N-bromobistrifluoromethylamine with allyl chloride; preparation of NN-bistrifluoromethylprop-2-enylamine (1973)

Reaction of N-bromobistrifluoromethylamine with allyl chloride at –78° in the dark gives the 1 : 1 adducts 2-bromo-3-chloro-NN-bistrifluoromethylpropylamine and 1 -bromomethyl-2-chloro-NN-bistrifluoromethylethylamine in the ratio 66 : 34; at room temperature in the vapour phase in light the same adducts are formed in the ratio 90 : 10. Dehydrohalogenation of the former adduct gives mainly cis- and trans-3-chloro-NN-bistrifluoromethylprop-1 -enylamine and 2-bromo-NN-bistrifluoromethylprop-2-enylamine, together with a small amount of NN-bistri-fluoromethylpropadienylamine; the latter adduct affords a mixture of 3-chloro- and 3-bromo-2-(NN-bistrifluoro-methylamino)propene with the former olefin predominating. Dehalogenation of the 2-bromo-3-chloro-compound gives NN-bistrifluoromethylprop-2-enylamine in good yield.
Toward a Steady-State Analysis of an Evolution Strategy on a Robust Optimization Problem With Noise-Induced Multimodality (2017)

A steady state analysis of the optimization quality of a classical self-adaptive evolution strategy (ES) on a class of robust optimization problems is presented. A novel technique for calculating progress rates for nonquadratic noisy fitness landscapes is presented. This technique yields asymptotically exact results in the infinite population size limit. This technique is applied to a class of functions with noise-induced multimodality. The resulting progress rate formulas are compared with high-precision experiments. The influence of fitness resampling is considered and the steady state behavior of the ES is derived and compared with simulations. The questions whether one should sample and average fitness values and how to choose the truncation ratio are discussed giving rise to further research perspectives.
The New Generation of Meningococcal Conjugate Vaccines: Rationale and Global Potential (2009)

The first meningococcal serogroup C conjugate vaccines were deployed in the United Kingdom in 1999 in response to an increase in endemic meningococcal serogroup C disease that particularly affected adolescents. Between 1994 and 1999 deaths in adolescents due to serogroup C exceeded those due to serogroup B in the UK. By 1999 serogroup C was responsible for 34 % of meningococcal infections in the UK, compared to 25.8 % in 1994 (1). The effects of infant vaccination coupled with a large catch-up campaign targeting 12 month olds to 17 years olds was rapid and substantial, with reductions in disease incidence of more than 80% observed in most age groups within 18 months of implementation (2). Since then, serogroup C conjugate vaccines have been effectively introduced into routine vaccination schedules in some European countries such as
Spectrally Efficient Comb Source with Coupled Microresonators (2015)

We demonstrate a spectrally efficient parametric comb source for WDM applications using a Si3N4 dual-coupled microring resonator. This geometry allows for operating wavelength flexibility and avoidance of mode crossings for stable comb generation.
Bacterial cell sorting in microchannels (2004)

Microfluidic devices offer exciting prospects for the identification, sorting and manipulation of microorganisms. Devices featuring microchannel arrays or patterned surfaces with specific cellular interactions are expected to have a broad range of biomedical, environmental and security applications; e.g. surface modification or use of chemical repellents in dental implants to impart them with resistance to plaque formation. In this paper, we present experimental measurements and modeling studies of the migration of motile chemotactic bacteria in porous channels. Chemotaxis refers to the ability of microorganisms to bias their movement in response to detected chemical gradients of nutrients, pH, dissolved oxygen and other substances. Motile chemotactic organisms distribute to regions of high attractant concentration much more rapidly than their nonchemotactic or nonmotile counterparts. This sensitivity can be exploited in the fabrication of microchannel devices to sort and identify bacterial species and to control the regions where biofilm growth occurs on porous substrates. The migration of bacteria in porous media has been simulated for E. coli and P. stutzeri under conditions in which the cells respond chemotactically to chemical gradients that arise from consumption of nutrients that also act as chemoattractants. The results of the simulations reveal an enhanced motility of the chemotactic cells through porous media relative to their bulk solution phase chemotaxis. Simulation results and experimental visualizations are presented for cell migration through porous media constructs and laser ablated microchannels in glass substrates.
Structural Basis for the Modulation of CDK-Dependent/Independent Activity of Cyclin D1 (2006)

D-type cyclins are key regulators of the cell division cycle. In association with Cyclin Dependent Kinases (CDK) 2/4/6, they control the G1/S-phase transition in part by phosphorylation and inactivation of tumor suppressor of retinoblastoma family. Defective regulation of the G1/S transition is a well-known cause of cancer, making the cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complex a promising therapeutic target. Our objective is to develop inhibitors that would block the formation or the activation of the cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complex, using in silico docking experiments on a structural homology model of the cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complex. To this end we focused on the cyclin subunit in three different ways: (1) targeting the part of the cyclin D1 facing the N-terminal domain of CDK4/6, in order to prevent the dimer formation; (2) targeting the part of the cyclin D1 facing the C-terminal domain of CDK4/6, in order to prevent the activation of CDK4/6 by blocking the T-loop in an inactive conformation, and also to destabilize the dimer; (3) targeting the groove of cyclin D1 where p21 binds, in order to mimic its inhibition mode by preventing binding of cyclin D1-CDK4/6 complex to its targets. Our strategy, and the tools we developed, will provide a computational basis to design lead compounds for novel cancer therapeutics, targeting a broad range of proteins involved in the regulation of the cell cycle.
Kan en computer lære dig sprog (2007)

Det er da ufattelig nemt at være sprogunderviser i dag. Det er i hvert fald det<br/>indtryk jeg får når jeg interesseret stirrer på de adskillige titler og hjælpemidler der<br/>springer mig i øjnene fra diverse boghandleres reoler. ”Lær Mandarin Kinesisk på 10<br/>minutter”; Lær Spansk, Engelsk, Tysk, Tyrkisk….tja, du vælger faktisk selv. Fans af<br/>Ringenes Herre må have haft kronede dage efter ”The Fellowship of the Ring” så<br/>biografernes lys tilbage i 2001 og Star Trek tilhængere har vel haft det siden<br/>internettet blev hvermandseje. Googler man det ene får man 370.000 hits og det andet<br/>giver 879.000. Før internettet var der sikkert ikke mange steder hvor man kunne lære<br/>hverken elversprog eller Klingonsk. Jeg taler naturligvis om online, eller computer<br/>baseret, sprogindlæring, officielt kendt som Computer Assisted Language Learning<br/>(CALL).
Mesoscopic Fluorescence Tomography for <em>In-vivo</em> Imaging of Developing <em>Drosophila</em> (2009)

Visualizing developing organ formation as well as progession and treatment of disease often heavily relies on the ability to optically interrogate molecular and functional changes in intact living organisms. Most existing optical imaging methods are inadequate for imaging at dimensions that lie between the penetration limits of modern optical microscopy (0.5-1mm) and the diffusion-imposed limits of optical macroscopy (>1cm) [1]. Thus, many important model organisms, e.g. insects, animal embryos or small animal extremities, remain inaccessible for in-vivo optical imaging. Although there is increasing interest towards the development of nanometer-resolution optical imaging methods, there have not been many successful efforts in improving the imaging penetration depth. The ability to perform in-vivo imaging beyond microscopy limits is in fact met with the difficulties associated with photon scattering present in tissues. Recent efforts to image entire embryos for example [2,3] require special chemical treatment of the specimen, to clear them from scattering, a procedure that makes them suitable only for post-mortem imaging. These methods however evidence the need for imaging larger specimens than the ones usually allowed by two-photon or confocal microscopy, especially in developmental biology and in drug discovery. We have developed a new optical imaging technique named Mesoscopic Fluorescence Tomography [4], which appropriate for non-invasive in-vivo imaging at dimensions of 1mm-5mm. The method exchanges resolution for penetration depth, but offers unprecedented tomographic imaging performance and it has been developed to add time as a new dimension in developmental biology observations (and possibly other areas of biological research) by imparting the ability to image the evolution of fluorescence-tagged responses over time. As such it can accelerate studies of morphological or functional dependencies on gene mutations or external stimuli, and can importantly, capture the complete picture of development or tissue function by allowing longitudinal time-lapse visualization of the same, developing organism. The technique utilizes a modified laboratory microscope and multi-projection illumination to collect data at 360-degree projections. It applies the Fermi simplification to Fokker-Plank solution of the photon transport equation, combined with geometrical optics principles in order to build a realistic inversion scheme suitable for mesoscopic range. This allows in-vivo whole-body visualization of non-transparent three-dimensional structures in samples up to several millimeters in size. We have demonstrated the in-vivo performance of the technique by imaging three-dimensional structures of developing Drosophila tissues in-vivo and by following the morphogenesis of the wings in the opaque Drosophila pupae in real time over six consecutive hours.
High Sensitivity Biosensing Based on Symmetric Coupled Cavity Structure of Photonic Crystal Microcavities (2013)

We demonstrate that coupled cavity-waveguide architectures can lead to enhanced experimentally measured detection limit of 300 fM (20pg/ml) for sensing the binding of avidin to biotin in photonic crystal micro-cavity based biosensor.
of Human and Rodent (1983)

A B S T R A C T Using a monoclonal antibody (A2B5), which binds to GQ ganglioside, and tetanus toxin, which binds to GD and GT gangliosides, distinct regions of human and rodent thymic epithelial cells have been identified. The lymphoid elements of the thymus do not bind A2B5 or tetanus toxin. The A2B5 and tetanus toxin-binding cells form a network of thymic epithelial cells throughout the thymic subcapsular cortex and thymic medulla and contain thymopoietin and thymosin a-i.
Fibroblast surface antigen produced but not retained by virus-transformed human cells. (1975)

Normal human fibroblasts contain a cell type-specific glycoprotein antigen (SF) that is known to be slowly shed into the medium and to be present also in human serum. Immunofluorescence with anti-SF antibodies showed that SF antigen has a highly nonrandom fibrillar distribution in surface of normal fibroblasts. Simian virus 40-transformed fibroblasts also produced the SF antigen, as shown by radioimmunoassay or immunodiffusion tests, but it was not retained by the surface of these cells. This creates a major difference between the surfaces of normal and malignant cells.
Pyrazolo[4,3-e]1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives as adenosine receptor antagonists: influence of the N5 substituent on the affinity at the human A3 and A2B adenosine receptor subtypes. (2003)

A new series of pyrazolo[4,3-e]-1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidines bearing various substituents at both the N5-pyrimidinyl and N8-pyrazolyl positions have been synthesized, and their binding affinities at the four human adenosine receptor subtypes (hA(1), hA(2A), hA(2B), and hA(3)) have been evaluated. All the described compounds contain arylacetyl moieties at the N5 position and arylalkyl substituents at the N8 position. Surprisingly, all the compounds present their most potent affinities at the hA(2B) adenosine receptor with a range of selectivities against the other subtypes. When bulky groups are present simultaneously at the N5 and N8 positions (e.g., compound 9), the best selectivity for the hA(2B) receptor was observed (K(i)(hA(1)) = 1100 nM; K(i)(hA(2A)) = 800 nM; K(i)(hA(2B)) = 20 nM; K(i)(hA(3)) = 300 nM, K(i)(hA(1)/A(2B)) = 55, K(i)(hA(2A)/A(2B)) = 40, K(i)(hA(3)/hA(2B)) = 15). To understand the molecular significance of these results, we compared the putative TM (transmembrane) binding motif of compound 9 on both hA(2B) and hA(3) receptors. From our docking studies, compound 9 fits neatly inside the TM region of the hA(2B) receptor but not in the corresponding hA(3) region, illustrating significant differences between the two subtypes. The study herein presented permits an understanding of why the bioisosteric replacement of an -NH, present in previously reported hA(3) receptor antagonists, with a -CH(2) group at the N5 position induces such large differences in hA(2B)/hA(3) affinity. In the molecular structure of the hA(3) receptor, two residues, Ser243 (TM6) and Ser271 (TM7), create a hydrophilic region, which seems to permit a better accommodation of the phenylurea series into this putative hA(3) binding site than the phenylacetyl series.
A Model-Based Functional Modeling and Library Approach for Mechatronic Systems in SysML (2012)

Even though the concept development phase in product development is arguably the most important phase in mechanical and mechatronics design, the available computer-based support for this stage is marginal. This paper presents a new computational model-based method to improve the early phases of mechatronic product design and to facilitate the application from early designs to detailed designs. The paper focuses on model-based Function-Behavior-Structure (FBS) libraries in SysML to support both the manual and computational generation of standard and innovative concepts. In this paper, an approach to re-usable functional models in SysML is presented. The method uses an operator-flow formulation of functions, based on the NIST functional basis, and is validated against a model of an electric car. The generated functional models are validated with respect to the consistency of the flows and tested by associating the functional model directly to the target product component structure. The results of the research are a new modeling approach for function and component libraries in SysML, an associated workflow for modeling of mechatronic systems, and the necessary extensions of the NIST functional basis. The modeling approach provides means for formal functional decomposition followed by an allocation of the functions to structural components that form the target structure.