gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DIPG-06. REDEFINING THE CELLULAR ARCHITECTURE OF DIFFUSE MIDLINE GLIOMAS WITH H3 K27M MUTATIONS THROUGH LARGE-SCALE SINGLE-CELL ANALYSES (2017)

While human tumors are shaped by the genetic evolution of cancer cells, evidence also suggests that they display superimposed hierarchies reminiscent of normal development. Yet, relating the genetic and hierarchical models of cancer organization has been limited by technical challenges. Here, studying H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline gliomas we profiled thousands of single cells from fresh tumors by RNA-seq and reconstructed the genetic and epigenetic cellular architecture of tumors in patients. We identified a subset of cancer cells that are differentiated along specialized glial programs while a distinct subset expresses neural stem/progenitor expression programs. By identifying distinct genetic clones, we show that these cellular architectures evolve during the progression of the tumors, suggesting that developmental programs and genetic influences coordinately determine tumor architecture. These results provide unprecedented insight into the cellular composition of midline brain tumors at single-cell resolution and may help harmonize the cancer stem cell and the genetic models of cancer, with critical implications for disease management.
A near atomic-scale view at the composition of amyloid-beta fibrils by atom probe tomography (2018)

Amyloid-beta (Ab) proteins play an important role in a number of neurodegenerative diseases. Ab is found in senile plaques in brains of Alzeimer's disease patients. The 42 residues of the monomer form dimers which stack to fibrils gaining several micrometers in length. Using Ab fibrils with <sup>13</sup>C and <sup>15</sup>N marker substitution, we developed an innovative approach to obtain insights to structural and chemical information of the protein. We deposited the modified protein fibrils to pre-sharped aluminium needles with >100-nm apex diameters and, using the position-sensitive mass-to-charge spectrometry technique of atom probe tomography, we acquired the chemically-resolved three dimensional information for every detected ion evaporated in small fragments from the protein. We also discuss the influence of experimental parameters such as pulse energy and pulse frequency of the used Laser beam which lead to differences in the size of the gained fragments, developing the capability of localising metal atom within Ab plaques.
Towards an intense bubble (2001)

A main goal in SBSL remains the ability to form a bright and hot bubble. One recent postulate suggests that lowering the resonance frequency should favor a stronger luminescing bubble. It is also theorized that the chemical composition of the bubble can be streamlined to induce a more violent collapse. The water vapor content inside the bubble is considered. The premise of this conjecture is that water vapor molecules, present beyond equilibrium concentrations, act to siphon energy from the bubble, and in the process undergo thermal decomposition. Hence, reducing the water vapor content should eliminate such energy loss. The current study focuses on this issue. Keeping similar driving conditions, there is interest in using aqueous salts to depress the vapor pressure of the water in tandem with a reduction in the water temperature. A series of alkali metal halides will be examined. In a preliminary investigation, a 9% lithium chloride solution saturated with 1% argon gave stable SL at room conditions. With air, no SL was detected. A further extension of this work would be to determine the bubble temperature which has largely been inferred. [Work supported by DARPA through a subcontract from the University of Washington.]
Microstructural damage and fracture processes in a composite solid rocket propellant (1995)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Rapid tool for identification of bacterial strains using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy on genomic DNA (2018)

This study reports a new bacterial identification method using multivariate analysis of FT-IR spectra of bacterial genomic DNA.
Tachykinin receptors and intestinal motility (1997)

Substance P (SP) and neurokinin A (NKA) are synthesized by enteric cholinergic motorneurons that project to the longitudinal and circular muscle of the mammalian intestine. Thus, acetylcholine, SP, and NKA are the excitatory neuromuscular transmitters in the intestine. Tachykinin NK1 and NK2 receptors are expressed by smooth muscle cells in most regions of the intestine: the corelease of SP and NKA from nerves thus realizes paradigms of tachykininergic cotransmission. Examples have been found in which a cooperative model can be applied to account for the action of SP-NKA acting at NK1 and NK2 receptors (e.g., circular muscle of guinea-pig duodenum), as well as examples in which the message produced by activation of the two receptors diverges sharply in producing responses that have a markedly different time course and use different effector systems (e.g., circular muscle of guinea-pig colon). NK3 receptors are expressed on both excitatory and inhibitory motor neurons: indirect contractions (via release of acetylcholine and tachykinins) and relaxations (via release of nitric oxide) can be evoked in the gut by selective stimulation of NK3 receptors. Although a role of NK3 receptors in certain enteric reflexes has been evidenced, the importance of this system in mediating hexamethonium-resistant enteric transmission appears less important than previously speculated.
Enhanced Light Extraction from SrGa2S4:Eu2+ Film Phosphors Coated with Various Sizes of Polystyrene Nanosphere Monolayers (2008)

Hexagonally close-packed, two-dimensional (2D), polystyrene (PS) nanosphere photonic crystal (PC) monolayers were coated on sputtered SrGa2S4:Eu2+ films using a process involving the self-assembly of PS nanospheres and the simple transfer of the PS nanosphere monolayers to the phosphor surface. The overall aim of this study was to improve the efficiency of light extraction from the phosphor side of the SrGa2S4:Eu2+ films. The effects of using PS nanospheres of various diameters (330, 580, and 960 nm) on the extraction efficiency of the SrGa2S4:Eu2+ film phosphors were investigated. The integrated photoluminescence extraction was improved by a factor of 4.3 with respect to that of a conventional SrGa2S4:Eu2+ film phosphor through the addition of a 2D monolayer array of 580-nm PS nanospheres with highly crystalline PS monolayer domains.
Volatilome Analysis in Prostate Cancer by Electronic Nose: A Pilot Monocentric Study (2022)

Urine analysis via an electronic nose provides volatile organic compounds easily usable in the diagnosis of urological diseases. Although challenging and highly expensive for health systems worldwide, no useful markers are available in clinical practice that aim to anticipate prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis in the early stages in the context of wide population screening. Some previous works suggested that dogs trained to smell urine could recognize several types of cancers with various success rates. We hypothesized that urinary volatilome profiling may distinguish PCa patients from healthy controls. In this study, 272 individuals, 133 patients, and 139 healthy controls participated. Urine samples were collected, stabilized at 37 °C, and analyzed using a commercially available electronic nose (Cyranose C320). Statistical analysis of the sensor responses was performed off-line using principal component (PCA) analyses, discriminant analysis (CDA), and ROC curves. Principal components best discriminating groups were identified with univariable ANOVA analysis. groups were identified with univariable ANOVA analysis. Here, 110/133 and 123/139 cases were correctly identified in the PCa and healthy control cohorts, respectively (sensitivity 82.7%, specificity 88.5%; positive predictive value 87.3%, negative predictive value 84.2%). The Cross Validated Accuracy (CVA 85.3%, p < 0.001) was calculated. Using ROC analysis, the area under the curve was 0.9. Urine volatilome profiling via an electronic nose seems a promising non-invasive diagnostic tool.
Innentitelbild: Controlling the Product Platform of Carbon Dioxide Reduction: Adaptive Catalytic Hydrosilylation of CO 2 Using a Molecular Cobalt(II) Triazine Complex (Angew. Chem. 36/2020) (2020)

Organometallische Schatzsuche Ein molekularer Cobalt-Katalysator “navigiert” die CO2-Reduktion mit Phenylsilanen in der Weise, dass jedes Produktlevel individuell mit hoher Selektivität und Aktivität erreicht werden kann. Dies demonstriert die Möglichkeit, adaptive katalytische Systeme für die Verwendung von Kohlendioxid als Rohmaterial für Chemikalien oder Energieträger zu entwickeln, wie C. Werlé, W. Leitner et al. in ihrem Forschungsartikel aufS. 15804 näher ausführen.
Transition metal atom inorganic synthesis in matrixes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition metal atom inorganic synthesis in matrixesGeoffrey A. Ozin and Anthony Vander VoetCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1973, 6, 9, 313–318Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50069a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50069a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mouse Pig‐a and micronucleus assays respond to N‐ethyl‐N‐nitrosourea, benzo[a]pyrene, and ethyl carbamate, but not pyrene or methyl carbamate (2015)

This laboratory previously described a method for scoring the incidence of peripheral blood Pig-a mutant phenotype rat erythrocytes using immunomagnetic separation in conjunction with flow cytometric analysis (In Vivo MutaFlow®). The current work extends the method to mouse blood, using the frequency of CD24-negative reticulocytes (RET(CD24-)) and erythrocytes (RBC(CD24-)) as phenotypic reporters of Pig-a gene mutation. Following assay optimization, reconstruction experiments demonstrated the ability of the methodology to return expected values. Subsequently, the responsiveness of the assay to the genotoxic carcinogens N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, benzo[a]pyrene, and ethyl carbamate was studied in male CD-1 mice exposed for 3 days to several dose levels via oral gavage. Blood samples were collected on Day 4 for micronucleated reticulocyte analyses, and on Days 15 and 30 for determination of RET(CD24-) and RBC(CD24-) frequencies. The same design was used to study pyrene, with benzo[a]pyrene as a concurrent positive control, and methyl carbamate, with ethyl carbamate as a concurrent positive control. The three genotoxicants produced marked dose-related increases in the frequencies of Pig-a mutant phenotype cells and micronucleated reticulocytes. Ethyl carbamate exposure resulted in moderately higher micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies relative to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea or benzo[a]pyrene (mean ± SEM = 3.0 ± 0.36, 2.3 ± 0.17, and 2.3 ± 0.49%, respectively, vs. an aggregate vehicle control frequency of 0.18 ± 0.01%). However, it was considerably less effective at inducing Pig-a mutant cells (e.g., Day 15 mean no. RET(CD24-) per 1 million reticulocytes = 7.6 ± 3, 150 ± 9, and 152 ± 43 × 10(-6), respectively, vs. an aggregate vehicle control frequency of 0.6 ± 0.13 × 10(-6)). Pyrene and methyl carbamate, tested to maximum tolerated dose or limit dose levels, had no effect on mutant cell or micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies. Collectively, these results demonstrate the utility of the cross-species Pig-a and micronucleated reticulocyte assays, and add further support to the value of studying both endpoints in order to cover two distinct genotoxic modes of action.
The Human Transcriptome During Nontyphoid Salmonella and HIV Coinfection Reveals Attenuated NFκB-Mediated Inflammation and Persistent Cell Cycle Disruption (2011)

Attenuation of NFκB-mediated inflammation and dysregulation of cell cycle and DNA-function gene pathway expression are key features of the interplay between iNTS and HIV.
Complexity scalable motion estimation for H.264/AVC (2006)

A new complexity-scalable framework for motion estimation is proposed to efficiently reduce the motioncomplexity of encoding process, with focus on long term memory motion-compensated prediction of the H.264 video coding standard in this work. The objective is to provide a complexity scalable scheme for the given motion estimation algorithm such that it reduces the encoding complexity to the desired level with insignificant penalty in rate-distortion performance. In principle, the proposed algorithm adaptively allocates available motion-complexity budget to macroblock based on estimated impact towards overall rate-distortion (RD) performance subject to the given encoding time limit. To estimate macroblock-wise tradeoff between RD coding gain (J) and motion-complexity (C), the correlation of J-C curve between current macroblock and collocated macroblock in previous frame is exploited to predict initial motion-complexity budget of current macroblock. The initial budget is adaptively assigned to each blocksize and block-partition successively and motion-complexity budget is updated at the end of every encoding unit for remaining ones. Based on experiment, proposed <i>J-C</i> slope based allocation is better than uniform motion-complexity allocation scheme in terms of RDC tradeoff. It is demonstrated by experimental results that the proposed algorithm can reduce the H.264 motion estimation complexity to the desired level with little degradation in the rate distortion performance.
On random message arrivals in multiaccess communications (2003)

We consider the information-theoretic model for the slotted synchronous M-user collision channel. We examine a combination of information-theoretic analysis of the collision channel with random message arrivals, and the effect of bounded message decoding delay. We study the tradeoff between the size of the message and the necessary protocol information as a function of the allowed delay, the size of the channel packets, and the fraction of time for which the transmitter actually transmits packets on the channel. We also explore the relationships between the stability region of the dynamical system, the information-theoretic analysis, the effect of delay, and the role of addressing.
Preparation of ZnO-TiO2Composite Fine Particles Using the Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis Method and Their Characteristics on Ultraviolet Cutoff (1993)

ZnO-TiO2 composite fine particles were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis of TiO2 (anatase) particles suspended in Zn(NO3)2 aqueous solution. The morphology and the crystalline phases of fine particles were studied with varying nebulizing solution compositions, reactor temperature, and nitrogen carrier gas flow rate. The aggregate particles produced were spheres of ZnO (wurtzite structure) and TiO2 (anatase), whose diameters ranged from 0.36 to 0.5μm. These particles were hollow or solid aggregate particles consisting of ultrafine primary particles with diameters ranging from 10 to 100 nm. The crystallinity of prepared particles was improved by increasing the reactor temperature and lowering the flow rate of nitrogen. The largest crystallites were obtained at a solution concentration ratio of CZn(NO3)2/CTiO2 = 10:7. These composite particles showed a combined ultraviolet cutoff characteristic of ultraviolet light shielding in the wide range of wavelength ranging from 200 to 370 nm.
Temporal and spatial expression patterns for the tumor suppressor Maspin and its binding partner interferon regulatory factor 6 during breast development (2009)

Interferon regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is a non-canonical member of the interferon regulatory factor family of transcription factors. We recently identified IRF6 as a novel Maspin-interacting protein in mammary epithelial cells. Maspin is a tumor suppressor in the breast and has also been implicated in mammary gland morphogenesis. To explore a possible role for IRF6 in conjunction with Maspin during mammary gland growth and differentiation, we examined the expression of IRF6 and Maspin during post-utero mammary gland development using a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches. The data revealed that the expression of IRF6 and Maspin is temporally and spatially regulated throughout mammary gland development, with maximal expression of both proteins occurring in fully differentiated, lactating lobuloalveolar cells. We further show that IRF6 adopts a lumenal localization pattern following complete epithelial cell polarization and present new evidence for the secretion of IRF6 into the milk. These results support the hypothesis that IRF6 and Maspin are important for mammary epithelial cell differentiation, and advance our understanding of the Maspin-IRF6 partnership during normal mammary gland development.
Haplotypes of the beta-2 adrenergic receptor associate with high diastolic blood pressure in the Caerphilly prospective study (2006)

In a prospectively studied Caucasian male cohort, high diastolic blood pressure was associated with B2AR haplotypes containing the pro-downregulatory Gln27 variant.
Abstract 4068: A novel microfluidic platform for isolation of circulating tumor cells intended to facilitate downstream biomarker analyses (2012)

Abstract Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) inherently hold important biomarker information potentially pertinent to cancer patient therapy and prognosis. Many existent technologies capture CTCs inside of a ‘chip’. Because of the difficulties in efficiently removing very small numbers of CTCs from ‘chips’, these technologies have limited potential for downstream (off-chip) analysis opportunities. We have developed a novel microfluidic system for high purity CTC isolation and analysis specifically for post-capture CTC use. Using our device, analytical studies were performed with cell lines (HT29, SKBR3, PC3) to demonstrate recovery and purity capabilities. We isolated CTCs with high purity (from 1.5- 50%) and high capture efficiency (up to 96%) in volumes as low as 5 µl. Clinical samples from stage IV carcinoma patients of several different pathologies were processed and benchmarked against the predicate system. We found, in all cases, CTCs could be identified even when not identified on the predicate system. Further clinical samples indicated in some cases CTCs could be detected as early as stage II. A technique designed to identify somatic mutations in the KRAS oncogene was employed successfully to characterize samples isolated on the device from colon carcinoma patients. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to characterize Her-2 and Top2A gene status in CTCs isolated from breast carcinoma patients. The use of this device is likely extensible to a wide variety of molecular biology and biochemistry-based biomarker studies which previously have been precluded due to insufficient CTC sample quality. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4068. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-4068
A Method for Characterizing the Head-Disk Interface Dynamics Near the Touchdown Conditions Using the Magnetic Fly-Height (2020)

Abstract Recent growth in the cloud storage industry has created a massive demand for higher capacity hard disk drives (HDD). A sub-nanometer head media spacing (HMS) remains the most critical pre-requisite to achieve the areal density needed to deliver the next generation of HDD products. Designing a robust head-disk interface (HDI) with small physical clearance requires the understanding of slider dynamics, especially when the head flies in proximity to the disk surface. In this paper, we describe a method using the magnetic read-back signal to characterize the head fly-height modulations as it undergoes a transition from a free-flying state to soft contact with the disk surface. A technique based on the magnetic fly-height sensitivity is introduced for the identification of the transition plane that corresponds to the onset of the touchdown process. Additionally, the proposed magnetic spacing based meteorology is used to study the effect of the air bearing stiffness on the magnitude of the slider vibrations induced by intermittent head-disk interactions. The information about the minimum spacing while maintaining the stable flying conditions can help in reducing the head-disk interaction risk that can enable a low clearance interface.
FHIT , a Novel Modifier Gene in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2018)

This study highlights the importance of the novel BMPR2 modifier FHIT in PH and the clinical value of the repurposed drug enzastaurin as a potential novel therapeutic strategy to improve PAH.
Resistance to checkpoint blockade therapy through inactivation of antigen presentation (2017)

Treatment with immune checkpoint blockade (CPB) therapies often leads to prolonged responses in patients with metastatic melanoma, but the common mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance to these agents remain incompletely characterized and have yet to be validated in large cohorts. By analyzing longitudinal tumor biopsies from 17 metastatic melanoma patients treated with CPB therapies, we observed point mutations, deletions or loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), an essential component of MHC class I antigen presentation, in 29.4% of patients with progressing disease. In two independent cohorts of melanoma patients treated with anti-CTLA4 and anti-PD1, respectively, we find that B2M LOH is enriched threefold in non-responders (~30%) compared to responders (~10%) and associated with poorer overall survival. Loss of both copies of B2M is found only in non-responders. B2M loss is likely a common mechanism of resistance to therapies targeting CTLA4 or PD1.