gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hormonal Responses to a Potent Gonadotropin Hormone-Releasing Hormone Antagonist in Normal Elderly Men* (1990)

GnRH analogs, both agonists and antagonists, have potential use in androgen-dependent diseases of older men, such as prostatic cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Previous experience with agonists of GnRH has suggested that GnRH analogs may be more effective in aged men than in young men, but little is known about GnRH antagonists in older men. Therefore, we evaluated the hormonal effects of a single dose and a short course of a GnRH antagonist (Nal-Glu) in normal elderly men. Six young men (25-34 yr old) and six older men (66-76 yr) each received single morning injections of Nal-Glu (25, 75, and 250 micrograms/kg), separated by 2 weeks. Serum levels of testosterone (T), immunoreactive LH (LH RIA) and FSH (FSH RIA), and bioactive LH (LH BIO) were evaluated periodically for 7 days after each injection. In addition, six elderly men received 25 and 75 micrograms/kg.day Nal-Glu for 10 consecutive mornings each, and serum levels of T, inhibin, LH RIA, LH BIO, FSH RIA, and bioactive FSH were evaluated. Nal-Glu in all three single doses caused a significant (P less than 0.01) decline in serum levels of T and gonadotropins that was similar in extent in the elderly and young men. For example, T declined to a level of 19% of baseline after the 250 micrograms/kg dose of Nal-Glu in both age groups. For both the young and elderly men, the major effect of increasing the Nal-Glu dose was a prolongation of the period of suppression. Multiple Nal-Glu injections in the elderly men also resulted in a rapid decline in T, inhibin, and bioactive and immunoreactive gonadotropins. For both LH and FSH, bioactivity decreased to a greater extent than immunoreactivity. Local side-effects of Nal-Glu tended to be fewer and of less intensity in the elderly men compared to those in the young men. These results demonstrate that the response to Nal-Glu in healthy elderly men is similar to that in younger men, and extended administration of Nal-Glu in elderly men effectively suppresses gonadal and pituitary function. These results suggest that the role of GnRH antagonists in the effective treatment of androgen-dependent disease in the aging male needs to be explored further.
A laboratory fermentor for agarose immobilized hybridomas to produce monoclonal antibodies. (1985)

Mass culture of immobilized cells in airlift-fermenters usually ends up with the beads accumulating in the foamy layer on the surface of the reactor fluid or, in stirred tankreactors, with partial destruction of the beads. We tried to use an airlift fermenter vessel for growing cells, immobilized in agarose beads. Instead of using the gas for driving, we mounted a slowly turning marine type impeller within the drought tube. Oxygen was supplied on occasional demands by the original sparger. This set up leads to sufficient operational characteristics of the reactor without accumulation of the beads in the foamy layer and without mechanical destruction. Different productivities of either immobilized cells or cells in free suspension culture are reported.
Self-annihilation of antiphase boundaries in GaAs epilayers on Ge substrates grown by metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy (2001)

The self-annihilation of antiphase boundaries (APBs) in GaAs epitaxial layers grown by low-pressure metal-organic vapor-phase epitaxy on Ge substrates is studied by several characterization techniques. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy shows that antiphase domain free GaAs growth on Ge was possible due to the proper selection of the growth parameters. The antiphase boundaries annihilate with each other after a thick 3 μm layer of GaAs growth on a Ge substrate as observed by scanning electron microscopy studies. Double crystal x-ray diffraction data shows a slight compression of GaAs on Ge, and the full width at half maximum decreases with increasing growth temperatures. This confirms that the APBs annihilate inside the GaAs epitaxial films. Low temperature photoluminescence measurements confirm the self-annihilation of the APBs at low temperature growth and the generation of APBs at higher growth temperatures.
Evaluation of ES-derived neural progenitors as a potential source for cell replacement therapy in the gut (2012)

This is the first study reporting that the gut explants can induce neuronal differentiation of ES cells in vitro and induce the expression of nNOS, a key molecule in gastrointestinal motility regulation. The inability of ES-NS to adopt a neuronal phenotype after transplantation in the gastrointestinal tract is suggestive of the presence of local inhibitory influences that prevent ES-NS differentiation in vivo.
Production of cumulus expansion enabling factor by mouse oocytes grown in vitro: Preliminary characterization of the factor (1993)

The objective of this study was to determine whether fully grown oocytes, obtained after isolation from preantral follicles and growth in vitro, secrete paracrine factors affecting granulosa cell development and function. If so, the relative ease in producing oocytes in this way could facilitate the identification and characterization of the factors. As a test of this idea, the ability of in vitro grown oocytes to produce a paracrine factor that is known to enable the isolated cumulus oophorus to undergo expansion in response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) was determined. Initial experiments compared culture systems, which differed in the orientation of the oocyte-granulosa cell complexes from preantral follicles to an extracellular matrix, for their ability to support oocyte growth and the acquisition of competence to resume meiosis. The systems for culture on the surface of the matrix produced larger oocytes and the highest percentage of oocytes having competence to resume meiosis. Oocytes grown using this system secreted active cumulus expansion enabling factor, albeit at levels about half that of oocytes grown in vivo. A preliminary characterization of the cumulus expansion enabling factor secreted by the oocytes grown in vitro showed that activity was lost upon treatment with either heat (65 degrees C for 15 min) or proteinase K. Activity did not pass through a membrane having a nominal molecular weight limit (NMWL) of 100 kd but did pass through a membrane having a NMWL of 300 kd. It is concluded that cumulus expansion enabling factor is secreted by oocytes grown in vitro. This factor is probably a protein or depends upon a protein for its activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Efficient Gene Suppression by DNA/DNA Double-Stranded Oligonucleotide In Vivo (2020)

We recently reported the antisense properties of a DNA/RNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide consisting of a phosphorothioate DNA-gapmer antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) strand and its complementary phosphodiester RNA/phosphorothioate 2'-O-methyl RNA strand. When α-tocopherol was conjugated with the complementary strand, the heteroduplex oligonucleotide silenced the target RNA more efficiently in vivo than did the parent single-stranded ASO. In this study, we designed a new type of the heteroduplex oligonucleotide, in which the RNA portion of the complementary strand was replaced with phosphodiester DNA, yielding an ASO/DNA double-stranded structure. The ASO/DNA heteroduplex oligonucleotide showed similar activity and liver accumulation as did the original ASO/RNA design. Structure-activity relationship studies of the complementary DNA showed that optimal increases in the potency and the accumulation were seen when the flanks of the phosphodiester DNA complement were protected using 2'-O-methyl RNA and phosphorothioate modifications. Furthermore, evaluation of the degradation kinetics of the complementary strands revealed that the DNA-complementary strand as well as the RNA strand were completely cleaved in vivo. Our results expand the repertoire of chemical modifications that can be used with the heteroduplex oligonucleotide technology, providing greater design flexibility for future therapeutic applications.
P-100 Improvement in Quality of Life as a Predictor of Long-Term Remission in Crohnʼs Disease Patients Treated with Certolizumab Pegol (2016)

Exploratory analyses indicate rapid improvement in health-related quality of life following tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist therapy for Crohn's disease (CD) may be associated with better outcomes.1 We evaluated improvement in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire (IBDQ) scores as a predictor of long-term remission in patients with CD who were treated with certolizumab pegol (CZP; a pegylated Fc-free TNF antagonist). Data from C87088 study (a 5-year open-label extension trial of CZP in patients with CD who participated in a 6-week placebo [PBO]-controlled induction study [C87085] of CZP versus PBO,2 N = 403) were used for analysis. Outcomes considered to indicate rapid improvement were an increase in total IBDQ score of ≥32 points and/or IBDQ remission (≥170 points) at any time prior to and including week 0 of C87088. Loss of IBDQ remission was defined as scores <170 points. Kaplan-Meier estimates with log-rank tests were used to evaluate time to loss of remission by rapid IBDQ remission status. Improvement in IBDQ scores of ≥32 points at or before week 0 of C87088 was present in 46.2% of patients treated with PBO and 53.0% of those treated with CZP; demographics at baseline were similar for the 2 treatment groups. The mean (SD) time to IBDQ remission was 110.8 (197.4) days for those treated with PBO and 88.5 (172.7) days for those treated with CZP during C87085. Patients with IBDQ remission at or before week 0 of C87088 (n = 179, 45%) had similar demographics and disease characteristics at baseline as those without rapid remission (n = 218, 55%), regardless of treatment. The median [95% confidence interval] time to loss of remission during the 5-year extension study was longer for patients with rapid IBDQ remission (1.1 [0.9–1.5] years) relative to those who without rapid remission (0.8 [0.5–1.3] years). These data suggest that patients who achieve improvement in IBDQ scores and/or IBDQ remission at or before week 0 of C87088 may have better outcomes over long-term treatment with CZP than those who do not achieve rapid improvement in quality of life.
25.7 Time-Borrowing Fast Mux-D Scan Flip-Flop with On-Chip Timing/Power/VMIN Characterization Circuits in 10nm CMOS (2020)

Flip-flops (FFs) are key building blocks in high-performance microprocessors, discrete graphics, and hardware accelerators [1]-[3], where pushing frequency has become increasingly critical due to emerging applications, such as AI, machine learning, autonomous driving and security. Time-borrowing (TB) FFs enable a means to fix outlier max-delay paths by reducing process variation and clock skew/jitter margins, resulting in higher frequency operation [4]. However, use of TB FFs is challenging due to higher power cost and lack of area compatibility with conventional FFs for post-placement insertion. Furthermore, increased design complexity require FFs with scan circuits, utilizing either level-sensitive scan design (LSSD), which grows the area significantly with no delay overhead, or the alternate area-efficient rnux-D scan with higher delay. We present a TB fast mux-D scan FF without scan-mux delay overhead and timing, power, and VMIN characterization circuits fabricated in 10nm CMOS, occupying 0.682mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> (Fig. 25.7.7). The fast rnux-D FF achieves: (i) measured rise/fall mean setup time improvement of 17ps/16ps and 19ps/52ps rise/fall mean TB window with 36ps worst-case delay gain for the critical path at 650mV, 25°C; (ii) only 8% energy overhead for single-bit and iso-energy for dual-bit at typical 25% data activity; (iii) 150mVVMIN improvement due to write-back elimination; (iv) single/dual-bit cell area compatibility with mux-D FF for post-placement swapping; and, (v) 7.2% block-level performance gain.
Antagonism of orexin receptors significantly lowers blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (2013)

In normal rats, central administration of orexin or exposure to certain forms of stress can induce significant increases in blood pressure and sympathetic nerve activity, which can be blocked by orexin receptor antagonists. The resting blood pressure is, however, unaffected by such antagonists, but is significantly lower in rodents with total loss of orexin, such as prepro-orexin knockout mice and orexin neuron-ablated orexin/ataxin-3 transgenic rats. We hypothesize that orexin is involved in the pathophysiology and maintenance of high blood pressure in the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR), a model of primary hypertension. To test this hypothesis, we measured orexin-A mRNA expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla and antagonized both orexin receptors using an orally administered potent dual orexin receptor antagonist, almorexant, in SHRs and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. In SHRs, there was a strong trend towards an increased orexin-A mRNA expression in the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and blocking orexin receptors markedly lowered blood pressure (from 182/152 ± 5/6 to 149/119 ± 9/8 mmHg; P < 0.001), heart rate (P < 0.001), sympathetic vasomotor tone (P < 0.001) and the noradrenaline levels in cerebrospinal fluid and plasma (P < 0.002). The significant antihypertensive effects of almorexant were observed in wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement sleep during both dark and light phases of the diurnal cycle only in SHRs. Blocking orexin receptors had no effect on blood pressure and sympathetic tone in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto rats. Our study links the orexin system to the pathogenesis of high blood pressure in SHRs and suggests that modulation of the orexin system could be a potential target in treating some forms of hypertension.
On analyzing and mitigating SRAM BER due to random thermal noise (2013)

Embedded memory is a major design element in microprocessors and system-on-chips. Typically embedded memories are constituted of SRAM circuits. SRAM cell stability is a major determinant of V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">min</sub> for ultra-low power mobile computing. At low voltages, thermal noise plays a role in SRAM cell stability. In this work, we present an analysis of random thermal noise on stability of SRAM bit cells. Of specific concern to us, is the process of device aging, where a transistor performance may degrade over time. A marginal SRAM bit cell that is stable at the time of manufacturing test may become susceptible to random bit flips due to thermal noise under aging related degradation. In order to quantify the impact of random thermal noise on SRAM cell stability, we present a methodology to measure the expected Random Bit Error Rate (BER). Such analysis helps select minimum supply voltage to meet target BER. Next we propose selective multi-level WL control for access transistors of marginal cells to improve their stability during read and write operations. Simulation studies show a BER of ~1 per 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> reads at a low operating voltage of 700mV. The proposed design techniques reduce probability of random bit errors to nearly zero at marginal performance penalty. Application of stochastic analysis to a sample 2MB cache shows >10X improvement in BER and hence improved longevity of marginal cells.
Method for reducing windmill artifacts in multislice CT images (2011)

Thin-slice images reconstructed from helical multi-slice CT scans typically display artifacts known as windmill artifacts, which arise from not satisfying the Nyquist sampling criteria in the patient longitudinal direction. Since these are essentially aliasing artifacts, they can be reduced or removed by trading off resolution, either globally (by reconstructing thicker slices) or locally (by local smoothing of the strong gradients). The obvious drawback to this approach is the associated loss in resolution. Another approach is to utilize an x-ray tube with the capability to modulate the focal spot in the z-direction, to effectively improve the sampling rate. This work presents a new method for windmill artifact reduction based on total variation minimization in the image domain, which is capable of removing windmill artifacts while at the same time preserving the resolution of anatomic structures within the images. This is a big improvement over previous reconstruction methods that sacrifice resolution, and it provides practically the same benefits as a z-switching x-ray tube with a much simpler impact to the overall CT system.
Abstract 16167: Assessment of Cardiac Rejection Grade via Machine Learning Derived Features From Digital Biopsy Images (2019)

Introduction: Cardiac allograft rejection is a serious concern, occurring in 30-40% of patients in the first-year post-transplant and increase risk of graft failure. The international society for h...
Modeling of tsinami-induced ionospheric irregularities (2008)

Our model shows that about an hour after the tsunami takes place, the ionosphere will be perturbed via the gravity wave. The height with maximum perturbation of electron number density is near 300 km, which is also the altitude of maximum background electron density. The propagation constant of the gravity wave is determined by the atmospheric property. Taking the tsunami wave as boundary condition, the dispersive atmosphere with dissipation will modulate the tsunami wavefrom as it reaches the ionospheric height. A more complete two-dimensional model is proposed to estimate the disturbance in the atmosphere and ionosphere caused by tsunami. This model contains the source of IGWs, hence can differentiate between other atmospheric TID signals in the ionosphere. The IGWs are modeled up to 800 km in waveform, amplification, and propagation time. The interaction between ionospheric plasma and the neutral air is also considered.
Precise lightwave modulation for digital and analogue optical communications (2013)

This paper describes high-speed electro-optic device technologies for radio-on-fiber (RoF) systems. Digital and analog signals can be transmitted over a fiber, in RoF systems. Multi-level modulation plays important roles both in wired and wireless systems. Quadrature amplitude modulation signals can be synthesized by using parallel Mach-Zehnder modulators.
Flexible Devices, Circuits and Systems Solutions to RF and mmW Front-ends for 5G Cellular Communications (2017)

International audience
Universal mobility characteristics of graphene originating from charge scattering by ionised impurities (2021)

Abstract Pristine graphene and graphene-based heterostructures can exhibit exceptionally high electron mobility if their surface contains few electron-scattering impurities. Mobility directly influences electrical conductivity and its dependence on the carrier density. But linking these key transport parameters remains a challenging task for both theorists and experimentalists. Here, we report numerical and analytical models of carrier transport in graphene, which reveal a universal connection between graphene’s carrier mobility and the variation of its electrical conductivity with carrier density. Our model of graphene conductivity is based on a convolution of carrier density and its uncertainty, which is verified by numerical solution of the Boltzmann transport equation including the effects of charged impurity scattering and optical phonons on the carrier mobility. This model reproduces, explains, and unifies experimental mobility and conductivity data from a wide range of samples and provides a way to predict a priori all key transport parameters of graphene devices. Our results open a route for controlling the transport properties of graphene by doping and for engineering the properties of 2D materials and heterostructures.
No Polymerization with Metallocenes in Water?—A Prejudice is Refuted We thank Dr. A. Haunschild and Dr. M. Geprägs for valuable discussions and Dr. W. Heckmann (SEM), Dr. I. Hennig (DSC), and Dr. S. Lehmann (NMR) for polymer analysis. (2001)

Water-sensitive catalysts work in water! Metallocene catalysts that normally have to be handled under the strict exclusion of air and moisture, for example [TiCp*(OMe)<sub>3</sub> ] (1, Cp*=pentamethylcyclopentadienyl), are successfully employed in the aqueous emulsion polymerization of styrene to syndiotactic polystyrene. The catalyst is encapsulated inside the monomer droplets and thus protected against attack by water.
Specializing object-oriented RPC for functionality and performance (2002)

Remote procedure call (RPC) integrates distributed processing with conventional programming languages. However traditional RPC lacks support for forms of communication such as datagrams, multicast, and streams that fall outside the strict request-response model. Emerging applications such as Distributed Interactive Simulation (DIS) and Internet video require scalable, reliable, and efficient communication. Applications are often forced to meet these requirements by resorting to the error-prone ad-hoc message-based programming that characterized applications prior to the introduction of RPC. In this paper we describe an object-oriented RPC system that supports specialization for functionality and performance, allowing applications to modify and tune the RPC system to meet individual requirements. Our experiences with functional extensions to support reliable multicast and specializations to support streaming of performance-critical RPCs indicate that a wide range of communication semantics can be supported without resorting to ad-hoc messaging protocols.
Bisphenol‐A‐polycarbonate‐bisphenol‐A‐polysulfone block copolymers (1977)

Abstract Multiblock , block copolymers of bisphenol‐A‐polycarbon ate and bisphenol‐A‐polysulfone were prepared by three different synthesis routes. The in situ method consisted of forming the polycarbonate block in the presence of hydroxyl terminated polysulfone oligorner. The coupled oligomer technique utilized phosgene to link up the two preformed oligomers to high molecular weight. In one case, a perfectly alternating block copolymer was formed by reacting a ∼9, 000 M n chloroformate terminated polycarbonate with a ∼9, 000 M n hydroxyl terminated polysulfone. Block sizes from ∼4, 000 to ∼26, 000 were investigated. The oligomers and copolymers were characterized by potentiometric titrations and UV end group analysis. Membrane osmometry and gel permeation chromatography were also employed. Dynamic mechanical behavior of solvent cast and compression molded films was assessed via rheovibron measurements. The copolymers were ductile and transparent and displayed essentially only a single intermediate glass transition temperature, that is, microphase separation was not observed. This is in contrast to simple physical blends of the homopolymers or oligomers, which are opaque and display two glass transition temperatures.