gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Infection After Shoulder Arthroplasty (2001)

Between 1972 and 1994, 2279 patients underwent primary shoulder arthroplasty (2512 shoulders) and 194 patients underwent revision shoulder arthroplasty (222 shoulders) at the authors' institution. Of these, 18 patients with primary shoulder arthroplasties (19 shoulders) and seven patients with revision shoulder arthroplasties (seven shoulders) were diagnosed with deep periprosthetic infection. Additionally, during this period, seven patients (seven shoulders) with primary shoulder arthroplasties and one patient (one shoulder) with a previously revised shoulder arthroplasty were referred to the authors' institution for treatment of deep periprosthetic infection. Two patients (two shoulders) were excluded because of incomplete medical records and with component removal performed elsewhere. The average time from arthroplasty to the diagnosis of infection was 3.5 years (range, 0-14.8 years). The patients were divided into four groups on the basis of treatment. Group I comprised 20 patients (21 shoulders) who underwent resection arthroplasty. Six of the 21 shoulders had additional episodes of infection. Group II comprised six patients (six shoulders) who underwent debridement and prosthetic retention. Three of the six shoulders failed this treatment with subsequent reinfection and underwent a resection arthroplasty. Group III comprised two patients (two shoulders) who had removal of the prosthesis, debridement, and immediate reimplantation. One patient underwent resection arthroplasty 9 months after direct exchange because of reinfection. Group IV comprised three patients (three shoulders) who had removal of the prosthesis, debridement, and delayed reimplantation. Reinfection has not occurred in any of these patients. At final followup, patients with a prosthesis in situ had better pain relief and shoulder function than patients treated with resection arthroplasty. Delayed reimplantation may offer the best hope for pain relief, eradication of infection, and maintenance of shoulder function.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Extracellular Vesicles Modulate the Glioblastoma Microenvironment via a Tumor Suppression Signaling Network Directed by miR-1 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 168K, FIGURE S2 related to FIGURE3. Effect of miR-1 overexpression on GBM cells in vitro.&lt;/p&gt;
Network Services Header Context Allocation Identifier (2016)

The specification of the NSH 1 header [draft-ietf-sfc-nsh]
mandates four Context Headers, 4-byte each, and they MUST be added
immediately following the Service Path Header. As direct consequence,
an NSH 1 header is always Length 0x6 (six 4-byte words). As a
result, the Length field of the NSH 1 header provides an
information which is known by simply looking at the MD Type field.
However, while [draft-ietf-sfc-nsh] does not specify the encoding of
these Context Headers, other specifications have started to do so. A
need to distinguish types of Context Headers therefore arises. This
draft proposes to overload the Length field of an NSH 1 as
Meta-Data context allocation identifier and to create a IANA
repository for NSH 1 allocation schemes. The NSH 1
Length field overload intends to allow universal understanding at any
network location and by any network device of the context allocation
structure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Monoamides of 18‐Crown‐6‐tetracarboxylic Acid (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Optimal resource allocation for IR-HARQ (2011)

In this work, we first provide an exact closed-form expression for the packet drop probability (PDP) in incremental redundancy (IR) based hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) schemes with a limit on the maximum number of transmissions. In the later part, we extend our work in [5], and consider the optimal resource allocation problem of minimizing the PDP under the constraints of an average transmit power and total number of channel uses. We provide two approaches to solve this optimization problem and compare their performance with the solution given in [5].
Neoadjuvant targeted therapy and advanced kidney cancer: observations and implications for a new treatment paradigm (2008)

The introduction of new molecular agents has revolutionized the treatment of patients with metastatic RCC. Responses to targeted therapy within the primary tumour, tumour thrombus, renal fossa recurrence, and lymph node metastases are novel findings not seen during treatment with immunotherapeutic-based strategies. This might be a signal for urological surgeons to re-evaluate the paradigm for the surgical management of advanced RCC. Potential applications are presented to encourage further investigations with targeted therapy in the neoadjuvant setting.
Preparation of Self-Standing Composite Electrolyte Membrane by Use of Three-Dimensionally Ordered Macroporous Silica Matrix (2006)

Three kinds of sulfonated polymer electrolytes (PAMPS, SPEES, and SPI) have been synthesized and evaluated as filling polymers for a three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) silica membrane. The 3DOM composite membrane exhibited excellently high dimensional stability regardless of the kind of filling polymers due to a suppression of polymer expansion by the hard silica matrix. Accordingly, a low methanol cross- over could be attained in the composite membrane with high proton conductivity.
Finite Element Analysis of Magnesium Alloy Based Bone Fixation Devices (2013)

Each year, there are over six million bone fractures in the U.S., over 30% of which require internal fixation devices to stabilize bone fragments during healing [1–2]. Currently, the gold standard materials for these devices are non-degradable titanium alloys. Unfortunately, these devices cause numerous complications and often require a secondary invasive removal surgery [3–4]. To circumvent these issues, resorbable polymeric devices have been developed, but their mechanical limitations render them inadequate for most load bearing applications [5–7].
Mast Cell Activation Syndromes: Collegium Internationale Allergologicum Update 2022 (2022)

Mast cell activation syndromes (MCASs) are defined by systemic severe and recurrent mast cell activation, usually in form of anaphylaxis, a substantial, event-related increase of the serum tryptase level beyond the individual's baseline and a response of the symptomatology to drugs directed against mast cells, mast cell-derived mediators, or mediator effects. A number of predisposing genetic conditions, underlying allergic and other hypersensitivity states, and related comorbidities can contribute to the clinical manifestation of MCASs. These conditions include hereditary alpha tryptasemia, mastocytosis with an expansion of clonal KIT-mutated mast cells, atopic diathesis, and overt IgE-dependent and IgE-independent allergies. Several of these conditions have overlapping definitions and diagnostic criteria and may also develop concomitantly in the same patient. However, although criteria and clinical features overlap, each of these conditions is characterized by a unique constellation of variables and diagnostic criteria. Since two, three, or more conditions can coexist in the same patient, with obvious clinical implications, it is of crucial importance to diagnose the variant of MCAS precisely and to take all accompanying, underlying and potentially complicating conditions, and comorbidities into account when establishing the management plan. Indeed, most of these patients require multidisciplinary investigations and only a personalized treatment approach can lead to an optimal management plan providing an optimal quality of life and low risk of anaphylaxis.
Fabrication of silicon-on-SiO2/diamondlike-carbon dual insulator using ion cutting and mitigation of self-heating effects (2006)

A diamondlike-carbon (DLC) layer was used to substitute for the buried SiO2 layer in silicon on insulator (SOI) to mitigate the self-heating effects in our previous study. However, we discovered drawbacks associated with the inferior Si/DLC interface, inadequate thermal stability as well as carbon-silicon interdiffusion at the Si/DLC interface that could hamper future application of this silicon-on-diamond structure to microelectronic devices. In this work, we introduced a silicon dioxide barrier layer between the Si film and DLC buried layer to form a silicon-on-SiO2∕DLC dual-insulator structure to tackle these problems. Cross-sectional high-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals that the Si/insulator interface is atomically flat and the top Si layer has nearly perfect crystalline quality. The SiO2∕DLC dual-insulator layer retains excellent insulating properties at typical complementary metal oxide silicon processing temperatures. Numerical simulation reveals that the negative differential resistance and channel temperature are significantly reduced compared with those of the same metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistors fabricated in conventional SiO2-based SOI, suggesting that the silicon-on-dual-insulator structure can alleviate the self-heating penalty effectively.
Wearable Clinic: From Microneedle‐Based Sensors to Next‐Generation Healthcare Platforms (2023)

The rapid development of wearable biosensing calls for next-generation devices that allow continuous, real-time, and painless monitoring of health status along with responsive medical treatment. Microneedles have exhibited great potential for the direct access of dermal interstitial fluid (ISF) in a minimally invasive manner. Recent studies of microneedle-based devices have evolved from conventional off-line detection to multiplexed, wireless, and integrated sensing. In this review, the classification and fabrication techniques of microneedles are first introduced, and then the representative examples of microneedles for transdermal monitoring with different sensing modalities are summarized. State-of-the-art advances in therapeutic and closed-loop systems are presented to formulate guidelines for the development of next-generation microneedle-based healthcare platforms. The potential challenges and prospects are discussed to pave a new avenue toward pragmatic applications in the real world.
Discovery, Structure–Activity Relationships, and In Vivo Evaluation of Novel Aryl Amides as Brain Penetrant Adaptor Protein 2-Associated Kinase 1 (AAK1) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Neuropathic Pain (2021)

Effective treatment of chronic pain, in particular neuropathic pain, without the side effects that often accompany currently available treatment options is an area of significant unmet medical need. A phenotypic screen of mouse gene knockouts led to the discovery that adaptor protein 2-associated kinase 1 (AAK1) is a potential therapeutic target for neuropathic pain. The synthesis and optimization of structure-activity relationships of a series of aryl amide-based AAK1 inhibitors led to the identification of <b>59</b>, a brain penetrant, AAK1-selective inhibitor that proved to be a valuable tool compound. Compound <b>59</b> was evaluated in mice for the inhibition of μ2 phosphorylation. Studies conducted with <b>59</b> in pain models demonstrated that this compound was efficacious in the phase II formalin model for persistent pain and the chronic-constriction-injury-induced model for neuropathic pain in rats. These results suggest that AAK1 inhibition is a promising approach for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Implementing voting constraints with finite state transducers (1998)

We describe a constraint-based morphological disambiguation system in which individual constraint rules vote on matching morphological parses followed by its implementation using finite state transducers. Voting constraint rules have a number of desirable properties: The outcome of the disambiguation is independent of the order of application of the local contextual constraint rules. Thus the rule developer is relieved from worrying about conflicting rule sequencing. The approach can also combine statistically and manually obtained constraints, and incorporate negative constraints that rule out certain patterns. The transducer implementation has a number of desirable properties compared to other finite state tagging and light parsing approaches, implemented with automata intersection. The most important of these is that since constraints do not remove parses there is no risk of an overzealous constraint "killing a sentence" by removing all parses of a token during intersection. After a description of our approach we present preliminary results from tagging the Wall Street Journal Corpus with this approach. With about 400 statistically derived constraints and about 570 manual constraints, we can attain an accuracy of 97.82% on the training corpus and 97.29% on the test corpus. We then describe a finite state implementation of our approach and discuss various related issues.
Association of a missense mutation in the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor gene (LHCGR) with superovulation traits in Chinese Holstein heifers (2012)

LHCGR may be a new predictor for superovulation in Chinese Holstein heifers.
Effects of Cu Powder Size on the Microstructure of TiB<sub>2</sub>/Cu Composites Fabricated by Reactive Infiltration Process (2010)

Recently, industrial technology for both improving thermal conductivity and controlling the coefficient of thermal expansion of heat sink materials has became an important issuebecause of the downsizing of electronic devices. We have been investigating the innovative processing method for TiB2 dispersed Cu matrix composite by reactive infiltration process in which the combustion reaction of elemental powders (Ti+2B+Cu → TiB2+Cu) and pressureless infiltration of molten Cu into porous reaction product (TiB2/Cu composite) are combined. By this process, fine TiB2particles (2~3µm) can be dispersed in Cu matrix homogeneously. However, for better thermal conductivity and reduced thermal expansion, 3-dimentionally continuous inter-penetrating structure of TiB2 and Cu phases is suitable. In this study, we researched the effects of Cu powder size and volume fraction in Ti,B,Cu green powder compact on the microstructure of the combustion synthesized TiB2/Cu composite. When Cu powders were smaller than 45µm, TiB2 particles were uniformly dispersed in Cu matrix. However, when Cu powders were larger than 150µｍ, monolithic Cu area without TiB2 dispersion was formed. The monolithic Cu area tended to be connected each other by increasing the amount of Cu powders. This resulted in the formation of 3-dimensionally continuous inter-penetrating TiB2/Cu microstructure.
Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor (HDACi) PCI-24781 and Bortezomib Result in Synergistic Apoptosis in Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) and Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) Cell Lines: Investigation of Cell Death and NFKB-Mediated Pathways. (2007)

Abstract HDACi block cancer cell proliferation by mechanisms that involve epigenetic gene regulation leading to cell growth arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis. Bortezomib inhibits NFKB signaling and induces apoptosis. Furthermore, anti-tumor activity of HDACi and bortezomib both depend in part on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated pathways. Both have activity in NHL. We reasoned that these agents may be synergistic in part due to their dependence on overlapping pathways. We investigated the biology of PCI-24781, a pan-HDACi currently in clinical trials, and bortezomib both alone, and in combination, in HL (L428) and NHL cell lines (HF1, Ramos, &amp; SUDHL4). Cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of PCI-24781 and bortezomib (0.25–2.0μM and 2.5–20nM, respectively) for 24–72 hour (hr). Apoptosis was determined by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) using AnnexinV-FITC/propidium iodide (AnnexinV+/PI+) staining. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by oxidation of 2′7′dichlorofluorescein diacetate (H2DCFDA) to DCF and detected by FACS. Downstream targets of NFKB such as NFKB1, Myc and IL-8 were measured in Ramos using quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) following 24 hr incubation of cells with PCI-24781 and bortezomib alone, and in combination. Dose-dependent apoptosis was seen with PCI-24781 and bortezomib alone in all HL and NHL cell lines. IC70 (dose to achieve 70% AnnexinV+/PI+) was 1μM for PCI-24781 and 2μM for L428. With bortezomib, the IC50 was 10nM in Ramos, HF1, and SUDHL4 and 20 nM in L428. The combination of PCI-24781 and bortezomib resulted in synergistic apoptosis (combination index &amp;lt;0.2) in all 3 NHL cell lines (IC80=0.25μM PCI-24781/5nM bortezomib) and L428 (IC80=0.5μM PCI-24781/10nM bortezomib) compared with minimal cell death using each agent alone at those concentrations. Furthermore, immunoblots of L428 and Ramos showed enhanced caspase 3 and caspase 8 cleavage with the combination of PCI-24781 and bortezomib compared to either agent alone, suggesting that the synergy seen was in part caspase-dependent. HL and NHL cell lines showed a 3- to 4-fold increase in ROS with PCI-24781 or bortezomib alone and in combination at 24hr. Moreover, we found that hyperacetylation of histone-3 and histone-4 on immunoblots of cells treated with combination PCI-2478/bortezomib was significantly increased compared to PCI-24781 alone. Finally, we found that in Ramos cells PC-24781/bortezomib together resulted in downregulation of NFKB targets NFKB1 and Myc, but not IL-8. We conclude that PCI-24781 and bortezomib are active in lymphoma cell lines and that the combination results in synergistic apoptosis. Apoptosis was accompanied by caspase activation and synergistic downregulation of the NFkB pathway. These data have important clinical implications for NHL and HL.
High Power Silicon-Germanium Photodiodes for Microwave Photonic Applications (2010)

We demonstrate high current operation of an evanescently coupled Ge waveguide n-i-p photodetector grown on top of a Si rib waveguide. A 7.4 μm × 500 μm device was found to dissipate 1.003 W of power (125.49 mA at -8 V). 2-D thermal simulations of the device show that the relatively high thermal conductivities of the intrinsic Ge region and the p <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> doped Si layer result in efficient heat transfer and hence, lower absorber temperatures when compared to a similar InP based waveguide photodiode. Additionally, to determine the feasibility of these devices for analog photonic applications, we performed large signal and small signal radio frequency (RF) measurements as well as linearity measurements. At 1 GHz and 40 mA of photocurrent, a third order output intercept point (OIP3) of 36.49 dBm is measured. The maximum RF power extracted at 1 GHz is 14.17 dBm at 60 mA of photocurrent and 7 V reverse bias.
Lymphoma, motor neuron diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (1991)

We studied 9 patients with motor neuron disease and lymphoma. The following several observations have not been recognized in the past: (1) Motor neuron syndromes are associated with either Hodgkin's disease or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (2) The syndromes are not restricted to lower motor neuron disorders; 8 of 9 patients had definite or probable upper motor neuron signs as well, qualifying for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Corticospinal tracts were affected in both postmortem examinations. (3) The combination of motor neuron disease and lymphoma is often accompanied by paraproteinemia (3 of 7 patients studied), increased cerebrospinal fluid protein content (6 of 9 patients), and cerebrospinal fluid oligoclonal bands (3 of 9 patients). (4) In 2 patients, asymptomatic non-Hodgkin's lymphoma was found only because the discovery of paraproteinemia gave impetus to examine the bone marrow. (5) Patients with both upper and lower motor neuron signs (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis) may show physiological evidence of conduction block in peripheral nerves or autopsy abnormalities in peripheral nerves. The cause of this syndrome is not known. Both lymphoma and motor neuron disease could have a common cause, possibly a retroviral infection. The frequency of paraproteinemia suggests that an immunological disorder may play a role in the pathogenesis of the neurological disorder.
Channel Correlation Diversity in MU-MIMO Systems -- Analysis and\n Measurements (2019)

In multiuser multiple-input multiple-output (MU-MIMO) systems, channel\ncorrelation is detrimental to system performance. We demonstrate that widely\nused, yet overly simplified, correlation models that generate identical\ncorrelation profiles for each terminal tend to severely underestimate the\nsystem performance. In sharp contrast, more physically motivated models that\ncapture variations in the power angular spectra across multiple terminals,\ngenerate diverse correlation patterns. This has a significant impact on the\nsystem performance. Assuming correlated Rayleigh fading and downlink\nzero-forcing precoding, tight closed-form approximations for the average\nsignal-to-noise-ratio, and ergodic sum spectral efficiency are derived. Our\nexpressions provide clear insights into the impact of diverse correlation\npatterns on the above performance metrics. Unlike previous works, the\ncorrelation models are parameterized with measured data from a recent 2.53 GHz\nurban macrocellular campaign in Cologne, Germany. Overall, results from this\npaper can be treated as a timely re-calibration of performance expectations\nfrom practical MU-MIMO systems.\n
Hacia una detección precoz: Progresos en la detección del cáncer (1996)

Of central importance to tissue engineering and drug delivery is identifying polymer parameters that increase or decrease specific cytokines in response to biomaterials. In this study, we have interrogated the effects of material descriptors and material characteristics on pro-inflammatory, pro-angiogenic, and naïve macrophages using polymeric particles (∼600 nm), functionalized with 13 different moieties. We characterized tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) secretion for the three macrophage populations and used the quantitative structure-activity relationship method (QSAR) to accurately predict cytokine secretion for the different macrophage phenotypes. The findings presented here demonstrate that altering cellular responses to polymers can be achieved through exploiting material parameters. For pro-inflammatory macrophages, polarity and the ability to hydrogen bond appear to significantly impact TNF-α secretion while charge impacted pro-angiogenic macrophages. Naïve cells were impacted by charge in a similar manner as the pro-angiogenic cells; however, hydrophilicity also increased TNF-α secretion in these cells. For IL-10 secretion, hydrogen bonding was very negatively correlated with pro-inflammatory cells, whereas it was positively correlated with pro-angiogenic cells.