gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Broadband Achromatic Metalenses (2018)

In contrast to the traditional bulk optical elements, metasurfaces provide a new perspective on flexibly shaping the electromagnetic field by manipulating its phase, amplitude as well as polarization at will via a compact and easy-of-fabrication system. However, due to the high phase dispersion of their building blocks, metasurfaces significantly suffer from large chromatic aberration. Such chromatic aberration significantly degrades the performance of full-color optical applications, such as in communication, detection, imaging, displaying etc. Here we propose a design principle to realize achromatic metasurface devices which successfully eliminate the chromatic aberration over a continuous wavelength regions from 400 to 660 nm and 1200 to 1680 nm in a transmission and reflection scheme, respectively, for circularly-polarized incidences. For this proof-of-concept, we demonstrate broadband achromatic metalenses which are capable of focusing light with arbitrary wavelength at the same focal plane. A broadband achromatic gradient metasurface is also implemented, which is able to deflect wide-band light by the same angle. Through this approach, various flat achromatic devices that were previously impossible can be realized, which will allow innovation in full-color detection and imaging.
0.39-V, 18.26-&#x00B5;W/MHz SOTB CMOS Microcontroller with embedded atom switch ROM (2015)

We present an ultra-low-power Microcontroller Unit (MCU) with an embedded atom switch ROM, which performs a 0.33-1.2 V operation voltage and 46.8-μA/MHz active current (or 18.26-μW/MHz active power). The MCU is fabricated by the hybrid of Silicon-On-Thin-Buried-oxide (SOTB) CMOS and bulk CMOS [1]. The SOTB CMOS with a body-bias voltage control realizes a high drivability up to 40-MHz operation at 0.54 V and small sleep power (0.628 μW), simultaneously.
Thermal Interface Material Technology Advancements and Challenges: An Overview (2005)

With an increase in the number of transistors (higher power), shrinking processor size (smaller die), and increasing clock speeds (higher frequency) for next generation microprocessors, heat dissipation at the silicon die level has become a critical focus area for microprocessor architecture and design. In addition, power removal at low cost continues to remain the key challenge as we develop the next generation packaging technologies. Novel Thermal Interface Materials (TIM) are required to be designed and developed to meet these new package thermal targets. This paper presents an overview of the novel TIM technologies developed at Intel including greases, phase change materials (PCM), gels, polymer solder hybrids, and solder TIM for multiple generations of desktop, server and mobile microprocessors. The advantages and limitations of these TIM technologies in the thermal management of flip chip packaging are reviewed for Intel’s microprocessors.
Hypotensive Effect of SA446, an Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, in 2-Kidney, 1-Clip Renal Hypertensive and Normotensive Dogs (1987)

Hypotensive effects of SA446, an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, and effects on the renin-angiotensin system were evaluated in conscious normotensive and 2-kidney, 1 -clip renal hypertensive dogs. SA446 (1 mg/kg, p.o.) remarkably inhibited the pressor response to angiotensin (Ang) I between 1 and 6 hr after the administration in normotensive dogs. SA446 significantly decreased blood pressure at 10 mg/kg, p.o., in normotensive dogs. During repeated administration of SA446 (100 mg/kg/day, p.o.) for 13 weeks, the blood pressure was lowered, and the pressor response to Ang I and plasma ACE activity were strongly inhibited. ACE activities in the aorta and kidney were also inhibited. Plasma renin activity and plasma Ang I concentration increased by repeated SA446 application, while plasma aldosterone concentration decreased. The hypotensive effect of SA446 (5 mg/kg, p.o.) was more potent in 2-kidney, 1 -clip renal hypertensive dogs than in normotensive dogs. SA446 had longer inhibitory effects on the pressor response to Ang I and more potent hypotensive effects than captopril. The hypotension caused by SA446 appears to be associated mainly with an inhibition of ACE in plasma and also in the vascular wall.
Tunable RF electronics based on low temperature plasma (2016)

Summary form only given. A weakly ionized plasma region is, in general, a dispersive electromagnetic medium whose properties depend on, among other quantities, the plasma electron number density and gas pressure. Such frequency-dependent cold plasma properties include permittivity, conductivity, and thicknesses of its quasi-neutral and sheath regions. If the excitation frequency is much smaller than the plasma frequency, plasma tends to behave as a good conductor. On the other hand, if the plasma frequency is much smaller than the operating frequency, plasma behaves more like a transparent layer to electromagnetic waves. In the range between these two extremes, plasma is a lossy dielectric medium. It is in the range though that high frequency tunability can also be achieved. In this talk, we will first review the aforementioned regimes for cold plasmas and their electromagnetic properties. Several experimentally-validated plasma-based tunable RF devices such as tunable resonators, variable attenuators and reconfigurable power limiters will be discussed. Advantages and drawbacks of each approach will also be highlighted. Plasma jets and gas discharge tubes are employed as plasma cells in our designs. Reconfiguration is achieved by controlling either the excitation voltage or the discharge current. The presented results demonstrate the potential of this approach as an alternative tuning technique particularly in emerging applications where conventional solid-state techniques are ineffective due to high temperature, high power, or linearity issues.
SrTiO3 thin layers on Si: epitaxy and use as templates for thermal energy management and photonic integrated devices (2015)

National audience
Phenotyping of Neoplastic (CD34+/CD38−/CD123+) Stem Cells in Myeloid Malignancies Reveals Expression of Multiple Molecular Targets. (2005)

Abstract Recent data suggest that myeloid neoplasms are organized hierarchically in terms of self renewal and maturation of early progenitor cells, similar to normal myelopoiesis. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the NOD/SCID mouse-repopulating leukemic stem cells usually co-express CD123 with CD34, but lack CD38. So far, however, little is known about expression of other markers and targets on these progenitors. In the present study, expression of target antigens on CD34+/CD38− cells was analyzed by multicolor flow cytometry in patients with AML (n=18), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS, n=6), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML, n=8), systemic mastocytosis (SM, n=9), and normal bone marrow (n=5). The IL-3Ra chain (CD123) was found to be expressed on CD34+/CD38− cells in a majority of all patients in all disease-categories. Independent of the type of disease, the vast majority of these stem cells also co-expressed aminopeptidase-N (CD13) and the target receptor CD44 in all patients. CD34+/CD38− progenitor cells expressed variable amounts of the Mylotarg® receptor CD33, KIT (CD117), HLA-DR, and AC133 (CD133). With regard to AC133, two distinct subpopulations of progenitor cells were detected in many cases, namely a CD133+ and a clearly CD133- cell-fraction. In patients with AML, the levels of CD33 varied from patient to patient with a broad range of reactivity, whereas in most patients with MDS, CML, and SM, CD33 was found to be consistently expressed on most progenitors. In most patients, neoplastic stem cells did not express substantial amounts of the GM-CSF receptor alpha chain (CD116), Thy-1 (CD90), E-NPP3 (CD203c), MDR-1 (CD243), or PAR-2. In the normal bone marrow, CD34+/CD38− cells co-expressed CD13, CD44 and CD45, but did not express CD33, CD116, or CD123. In conclusion, neoplastic stem cells in various myeloid neoplasms appear to express a similar phenotype including target receptors such as CD13, CD33, and CD44. These antigens may thus be attractive targets of therapy in AML. However, since many of these targets are not expressed on all stem cells in all patients, the elimination of the entire clone may require combinations of targeted antibodies or use of additional drugs. In other cases (CD13, CD44, CD45), the target antigen is also expressed on normal stem cells, so that targeted therapy is likely to be an ablative maneuver and thus would require a combined stem cell transplantation approach.
Heterolyse von Re2O7: Erzeugung und Stabilisierung des Kations [ReO3]+ (1993)

Frei von Nebenprodukten und ohne änderung der Oxidationsstufe des Metalls läßt sich Re 2 O 7 in [ReO 3 ] + und [ReO 4 ] − spalten, wenn man das Kation durch offenkettige oder cyclische dreizähnige Donorliganden (X = NH, NCH 3 , S in 1 ) stabilisiert. Die koordinations‐chemisch getriebene Heterolyse wird durch eine unsymmetrische Solvatisierung von Re 2 O 7 in Donorlösungsmitteln wie THF vorbereitet. magnified image
Visualizing Dimension Coverage to Support Exploratory Analysis (2016)

Data analysis involves constantly formulating and testing new hypotheses and questions about data. When dealing with a new dataset, especially one with many dimensions, it can be cumbersome for the analyst to clearly remember which aspects of the data have been investigated (i.e., visually examined for patterns, trends, outliers etc.) and which combinations have not. Yet this information is critical to help the analyst formulate new questions that they have not already answered. We observe that for tabular data, questions are typically comprised of varying combinations of data dimensions (e.g., what are the trends of Sales and Profit for different Regions?). We propose representing analysis history from the angle of dimension coverage (i.e., which data dimensions have been investigated and in which combinations). We use scented widgets [30] to incorporate dimension coverage of the analysts' past work into interaction widgets of a visualization tool. We demonstrate how this approach can assist analysts with the question formation process. Our approach extends the concept of scented widgets to reveal aspects of one's own analysis history, and offers a different perspective on one's past work than typical visualization history tools. Results of our empirical study showed that participants with access to embedded dimension coverage information relied on this information when formulating questions, asked more questions about the data, generated more top-level findings, and showed greater breadth of their analysis without sacrificing depth.
A Multi-load Wireless Power Transfer System with Constant Voltage Outputs Using S-LCC Compensation (2019)

This paper proposes a novel wireless power transfer (WPT) system powering multiple loads. The repeater coils are used to transmit the power over a long distance. Every two repeater coils form a repeater unit, which corresponds to a load. For each transmitting coil, a capacitor is connected in series with it and a LCC compensation circuit is used for each receiving coil, which forms an S-LCC compensation topology. It is proven that the constant voltage characteristics can be obtained for each load when neglecting the coils' parasitic resistances, which facilitates independent load power control.
A Robust Approach to Detecting Text from Images of Whiteboards and Handwritten Notes (2017)

Detecting text from the images of whiteboards and handwritten notes is an important yet under-researched topic. In this paper, we present a robust approach to solving this challenging problem as follows. First, given a color image, colorenhanced Contrasting Extremal Regions (CERs) are extracted from its grayscale image as candidate text connected components (CCs). Second, four shallow neural networks are used to preprune efficiently most of unambiguous non-text CCs. Third, a Fast R-CNN based approach is proposed to filter out remaining nontext CCs by leveraging contextual information and to estimate the corresponding text-line orientation in the position of each remaining text CC. Fourth, each pair of the remaining text CCs within a certain distance and orientation constraint are connected to construct a directed graph. Finally, based on the estimated textline orientations, candidate text-lines are generated easily by pruning greedily redundant edges in the graph to make each vertex have at most one direct successor and one direct predecessor, respectively. Our proposed approach has achieved promising results on an in-house testing set consisting of 285 camera-captured images of whiteboards and handwritten notes.
The carbapenem inoculum effect provides insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales (2023)

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) are important pathogens that can develop resistance via multiple molecular mechanisms, including hydrolysis or reduced antibiotic influx. Identifying these mechanisms can improve pathogen surveillance, infection control, and patient care. We investigated, both phenomenologically and mechanistically, how resistance mechanisms influence the carbapenem inoculum effect (IE), a phenomenon where inoculum size affects antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST). We demonstrated that any of seven different carbapenemases were sufficient to impart a meropenem IE when transformed into a laboratory strain of <i>Escherichia coli</i>. Across 106 clinical CRE isolates spanning 6 genera and 12 species, the carbapenem IE strictly depended on resistance mechanism: all 36 carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) exhibited a clear IE, whereas 43 porin-deficient CRE displayed none. 27 isolates with both carbapenemase production and porin deficiency exhibited high-level resistance at all inocula, and still displayed an IE, albeit smaller in magnitude than CP-CRE with intact porins. Mechanistically, we found that clinical CP-CRE release carbapenemase activity into culture supernatant to protect other cells. Further, this released activity markedly increased upon exposure to lethal antibiotic doses, functionally consistent with altruism. Concerningly, 50% and 24% of CP-CRE isolates changed susceptibility classification to meropenem and ertapenem, respectively, across the allowable inoculum range in clinical testing guidelines. The meropenem IE, and the ratio of ertapenem to meropenem minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) at standard inoculum, reliably identified CP-CRE. Understanding how resistance mechanisms affect AST could improve diagnosis and guide therapies for CRE infections.
Integrating quantum photonics and microwaves in a rare-earth ion on-chip architecture (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Quantum interconnects allow disparate quantum systems to be entangled, leading to more powerful integrated quantum technology and increases in scalability. The foundation for such technology, including photonic quantum memories and coherent microwave-to-optical (M2O) transducers, have already been developed in rare-earth ion (REI) crystals. Here we demonstrate improved REI quantum device functionality in an on-chip platform that dramatically strengthens the ions’ interactions with optical fields and integrates with planar microwave technology. Using a photonic crystal nanobeam fabricated in a Nd-doped yttrium vanadate (YVO) crystal, we harness the enhanced ion-photon interactions that create single photon Rabi frequencies as large as 60 MHz. In particular, the large AC Stark shift is used to control an ensemble of approximately 4000 ions for photonic quantum memory applications. We demonstrate AC Stark shift control of the storage time in the atomic frequency comb protocol as well as the possibility of memories based on an all-optical variation of the hybrid photon echo rephasing protocol. The spin state of the REIs can also be addressed directly through the integration of microwave striplines and coplanar waveguide cavities. The achievement of optically detected magnetic resonance in on-chip waveguides and nanophotonic cavities in Nd:YVO will be presented along with the initial progress of achieving coherent M2O conversion using Raman heterodyne spectroscopy. With photonic quantum memories and sources, single ion qubits, and quantum M2O all feasible in the one integrated platform, REI technology is a promising platform for enabling large scale integration of diverse quantum resources.
Sensitization of the NIR emission of Nd(iii) by the α4 atropoisomer of a meso-tetraphenyl porphyrin bearing four 8-hydroxyquinolinylamide chelates (2009)

The alpha4 atropoisomer of the meso tetrakis 8-hydroxyquinolinylamide porphyrin and its Pd complex binds Nd(iii) and sensitizes efficiently its near infrared (NIR) emission when excited in the visible domain.
Sparse Haptic Proxy (2017)

We propose a class of passive haptics that we call Sparse Haptic Proxy: a set of geometric primitives that simulate touch feedback in elaborate virtual reality scenes. Unlike previous passive haptics that replicate the virtual environment in physical space, a Sparse Haptic Proxy simulates a scene's detailed geometry by redirecting the user's hand to a matching primitive of the proxy. To bridge the divergence of the scene from the proxy, we augment an existing Haptic Retargeting technique with an on-the-fly target remapping: We predict users' intentions during interaction in the virtual space by analyzing their gaze and hand motions, and consequently redirect their hand to a matching part of the proxy. We conducted three user studies on haptic retargeting technique and implemented a system from three main results: 1) The maximum angle participants found acceptable for retargeting their hand is 40°, with an average rating of 4.6 out of 5. 2) Tracking participants' eye gaze reliably predicts their touch intentions (97.5%), even while simultaneously manipulating the user's hand-eye coordination for retargeting. 3) Participants preferred minimized retargeting distances over better-matching surfaces of our Sparse Haptic Proxy when receiving haptic feedback for single-finger touch input. We demonstrate our system with two virtual scenes: a flight cockpit and a room quest game. While their scene geometries differ substantially, both use the same sparse haptic proxy to provide haptic feedback to the user during task completion.
Amygdala Kisspeptin Neurons: Putative Mediators of Olfactory Control of the Gonadotropic Axis (2016)

Kisspeptins and their receptors are potent regulators of the gonadotropic axis. Kisspeptin neurons are found mainly in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus and the anteroventral periventricular nucleus. However, there is also a third population of kisspeptin neurons, located in the amygdala. We used fluorescence immunohistochemistry to quantify and localize the amygdala kisspeptin neurons and to reveal close apposition and putative innervations by vasopressinergic and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive dopaminergic neurons. Using microinjections of retro- and anterograde tracers, and viral transfection systems in rats and transgenic mice, we showed reciprocal connectivity between the accessory olfactory bulb and the amygdala kisspeptin neurons. In vitro recordings indicate an inhibitory action of kisspeptin on mitral cells in the accessory olfactory bulb. Using viral specific-cell gene expression in transgenic mice in combination with double immunofluorescence histochemistry, we found that the amygdala kisspeptin neurons also project to gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons in the preoptic area. Our neuroanatomical and electrophysiological data suggest that amygdala kisspeptin neurons integrate social behaviour and odour information into GnRH neurons in the preoptic area to coordinate the gonadotropic axis and the appropriate output behaviour to odour cues.
Orale Kontrastmittel in der CT: Verbesserung durch Zugabe von Guar? (1997)

In spite of the discussed advantages, due to a less subjective acceptance the guar/iotrolan solution is not suitable in routine-diagnosis, unless taste and consistency are greatly improved. Individual use is recommended in selected cases and long-term examinations.
The Nuclear Receptor TLX Is Required for Gliomagenesis within the Adult Neurogenic Niche (2012)

Neural stem cells (NSCs) continually generate functional neurons in the adult brain. Due to their ability to proliferate, deregulated NSCs or their progenitors have been proposed as the cells of origin for a number of primary central nervous system neoplasms, including infiltrating gliomas. The orphan nuclear receptor TLX is required for proliferation of adult NSCs, and its upregulation promotes brain tumor formation. However, it is unknown whether TLX is required for gliomagenesis. We examined the genetic interactions between TLX and several tumor suppressors, as well as the role of TLX-dependent NSCs during gliomagenesis, using mouse models. Here, we show that TLX is essential for the proliferation of adult NSCs with a single deletion of p21, p53, or Pten or combined deletion of Pten and p53. While brain tumors still form in Tlx mutant mice, these tumors are less infiltrative and rarely associate with the adult neurogenic niches, suggesting a non-stem-cell origin. Taken together, these results indicate a critical role for TLX in NSC-dependent gliomagenesis and implicate TLX as a therapeutic target to inhibit the development of NSC-derived brain tumors.
Homoclinic orbits and solitary waves in a one-dimensional array of Chua's circuits (1995)

The possible propagation of solitary waves in a one-dimensional array of inductively coupled Chua's circuits is considered. We show that in the long-wave limit, the problem can be reduced to the analysis of the homoclinic orbits of a dynamical system described by three coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations modeling the individual dynamics of a single Chua's circuit. Analytical, numerical, and experimental results concerning the bifurcations associated with the appearance of homoclinic orbits and thus with the propagation of solitary waves are provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
The structural impact of cancer-associated missense mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors (2011)

With our findings we can confirm and statistically validate the hypotheses for the gain-of-function and loss-of-function mechanisms of oncogenes and tumor suppressors, respectively. We show that the distinct mutational patterns can potentially be used to pre-classify newly identified cancer-associated genes with yet unknown function.
Photorefractivity in Nematic Liquid Crystals Doped with a Conjugated Polymer:  Mechanisms for Enhanced Charge Transport (1999)

A new mechanism for space-charge field formation in photorefractive liquid-crystal composites containing poly(2,5-bis(2‘-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (BEH-PPV) and the electron acceptor N,N‘-dioctyl-1,4:5,8-naphthalenediimide, NI, is observed. The results show that charge migration over long distances leading to enhanced photorefractive effects can be obtained using conjugated polymers dissolved in liquid crystals.