gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biouptake Responses of Trace Metals to Long-Term Irrigation with Diverse Wastewater in the Wheat Rhizosphere Microenvironment (2019)

Wastewater irrigation is widely practiced and may cause serious environmental problems. However, current knowledge on the effects of long-term irrigation with wastewater from different sources on the biouptake of trace metals (TMs) in the rhizosphere zone by plants in farmlands is limited. Here, we analyzed wheat rhizosphere soil and wheat roots collected from a typical wastewater irrigation area in North China to evaluate the influence of wastewater irrigation from different sources on the bioavailability of trace metals in soils. Results showed that irrigation with tanning and domestic wastewater helped enhance the bioavailability of trace metals in rhizosphere soil by increasing the active organic carbon content, soil redox potential, and catalase activity, thus enhancing the proportion of the potentially bioavailable part of trace metal speciation. Conversely, irrigation with pharmaceutical wastewater can reduce the bioavailability of trace metals in rhizosphere soil by increasing total soil antibiotics and thus decreasing the proportions of bioavailable and potentially bioavailable parts of trace metal speciation. These findings can provide insights into the migration and transformation of trace metal speciation in soil rhizosphere microenvironments under the context of wastewater irrigation.
Madariaga Virus (2020)

The area affected by the disease caused by Madariaga virus has been expanding recently. Given the geographic location of the endemic regions that overlap with tourist destinations, as well as the confirmed possibility of importing the disease, we cannot rule out the risk of appearance of this disease in Russia. The aim of the study was to analyse the properties of Madariaga virus (Alphavirus genus, eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus complex) and some epidemiological and epizootological characteristics of the virus-associated disease which manifests itself in diffuse inflammation of brain and spinal cord. Based on both ecological and molecular genetic characteristics of Madariaga virus, it is classified as an individual virus which is part of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus complex. There is evidence that this pathogen can cause epizootic outbreaks in horses, infect other types of mammals (rats, bats), as well as, potentially, birds and reptiles. The reservoir of infection is the short-tailed cane mouse (Zygodontomys brevicauda). Human cases have also been described, and the potential route of infection was identified as transmission via mosquito bites. Vectors of pathogen transmission are mosquitoes of the Culex, Aedes, and Psorophora genera. Serological studies carried out in Panama revealed the presence of antibodies to Madariaga virus in 2–5% of the examined patients, which indicates the existence of asymptomatic infection along with clinically apparent infection. Phylogenetic analysis of strains isolated from infected people showed that the strains belong to lineage III of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus subtype common in Central and South America. The paper summarises the results of assessment of potential risk factors of Madariaga virus infection in endemic regions that was performed using the Akaike information criterion. Risk groups in endemic regions are represented by farm workers and fishermen. The results of the studies show that the area affected by the disease is expanding, and the strains that belong to genetic lineage III of the eastern equine encephalomyelitis virus pose the greatest epidemic risk.
ChemInform Abstract: Bimetallic Complexes Containing the Bis(tetramethylcyclopentadienyl)ethane Ligand. (1989)

Abstract Heterobimetallic title complexes can be prepared in which one ring is bound to tungsten and the other to rhodium, as shown here, or to cobalt.
Surface‐Specific Functionalization of Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks (2015)

A method for modifying the external surfaces of a series of nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphate (DOPA) is presented. A series of zirconium-based nanoMOFs of the same topology (UiO-66, UiO-67, and BUT-30) were synthesized, isolated as aggregates, and then conjugated with DOPA to create stably dispersed colloids. BET surface area analysis revealed that these structures maintain their porosity after surface functionalization, providing evidence that DOPA functionalization only occurs on the external surface. Additionally, dye-labeled ligand loading studies revealed that the density of DOPA on the surface of the nanoscale MOF correlates to the density of metal nodes on the surface of each MOF. Importantly, the surface modification strategy described will allow for the general and divergent synthesis and study of a wide variety of nanoscale MOFs as stable colloidal materials.
Methods for balanced charge carriers and enhanced efficiency of organic phosphorescent devices (2007)

In this paper, the light emitting efficiency, spectrum, and the lifetime of the phosphorescent devices, whose emission characteristics are strongly dominated not only by the energy transfer but also by the charge carrier trapping induced by the emissive dopant, are explained by differences in the energy levels of the host, dopant, and nearby transport layers. On the basis of our finding on device performance and photocurrent measurement data by time-of-flight (TOF), we suggest a detailed emission mechanism, along with a physical interpretation and practical design scheme for improving the efficiency and lifetime of devices. Moreover, the effects of the modification of charge (both hole and electrons) transporting layers which results in a drop of operating voltage and improved efficiency on the performance of electrophosphorescent device are investigated experimentally. Using the Ir-based phosphorescent emitter, vacuumevaporated, solution-processed, and composition of their hybrid structures are designed for better charge carrier balance and efficient exciton blocking behavior.
Supercontinuum generation in angle-etched diamond waveguides (2018)

On-chip supercontinuum generation in visible is demonstrated experimentally in angle-etched diamond waveguides. The output spectrum spans from 670–920 nm in response to a 100 femtosecond pulse input at 15 mW average power and 80 MHz repetition rate.
The Role of Bifidobacteria in Predictive and Preventive Medicine: A Focus on Eczema and Hypercholesterolemia (2021)

Bifidobacteria colonize the human gastrointestinal tract early on in life, their interaction with the host starting soon after birth. The health benefits are strain specific and could be due to the produced polysaccharides. The consumption of probiotics may prevent obesity, irritable bowel syndrome, eczema or atopic dermatitis, and asthma. Non-replicative strains of <i>Bifidobacterium longum</i> (NCC3001 and NCC2705) promote the differentiation of normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), inducing a high expression of differentiation markers (keratin -KRT1-, and transglutaminase -TGM1-) and pro-regeneration markers (cathepsins), including β-defensin-1, which plays an important role in modulating the cutaneous immune response. Strains belonging to the genera <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> can increase tight-junction proteins in NHEKs and enhance barrier function. Bifidobacteria and lactobacilli may be used as prophylactic or therapeutic agents towards enteric pathogens, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, lactose intolerance, ulcerative colitis, irritable bowel syndrome, colorectal cancer, cholesterol reduction, and control of obesity and metabolic disorders. <i>Bifidobacterium bifidum</i> showed an in vitro capability of lowering cholesterol levels thanks to its absorption into the bacterial membrane. Several strains of the species <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i>, <i>L. delbrueckii</i> subsp. <i>bulgaricus</i>, <i>L. casei</i>, and <i>L. gasseri</i> led to a reduced amount of serum cholesterol due to their ability to assimilate cholesterol (in vitro). <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> KF147 and <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> Lp81 have also been shown to reduce cholesterol levels by 12%. Clarifying the specific health mechanisms of <i>Bifidobacterium</i> and <i>Lactobacillus</i> strains in preventing high-cost pathologies could be useful for delineating effective guidelines for the treatment of infants and adults.
Supplementary Figure Legends from The Expression of Adenosine A2B Receptor on Antigen-Presenting Cells Suppresses CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell Responses and Promotes Tumor Growth (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends&lt;/p&gt;
β‐Carotene and vitamin E supplementation on immunity and oxidative status in geriatric dogs (2007)

The action of β‐carotene (BC) and vitamin E (VE) when combined to stimulate immunity during ageing is unclear. Young (2 yr old) and geriatric (10 yr old) beagle dogs (n = 30/group) were randomly assigned to be fed a control or a BC+VE supplemented diet for 12 wk. Blood was taken on wk 0, 8 and 12. Dogs were vaccinated with a polyvalent vaccine on wk 8 and 10. Blood was to assess cutaneous hypersensitivity, lymphoproliferation, leukocyte phenotypes, phagocytosis, and concentrations of Ig, cytokines, C‐reactive protein, 8‐isoprostanes, protein carbonyl, glutathione and 8‐hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Both plasma BC and VE concentrations increased in young and geriatric BC+VE supplemented dogs. Compared to young dogs, geriatric dogs had lower lymphocyte mitogenic response, populations of T helper and CD4:CD8 ratio, and plasma IFN‐γ and GSH:GSSG concentrations. Conversely, concentrations of IgG and C‐reactive protein were higher in older dogs. Supplemental BC+VE generally did not influence any immune or oxidative parameters in young dogs. However, BC+VE enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and populations of total T and T cytotoxic cells, and decreased plasma IL‐6 concentration on wk 16. At the same time, BC+VE decreased protein carbonyl and increased GSH:GSSG ratio in plasma. Therefore, aging is associated with immune dysfunction and oxidative stress while supplemental BC and VE alleviated these changes.
70.1: High‐Resolution OLED Display with the World's Lowest Level of Power Consumption Using Blue/Yellow Tandem Structure and RGBY Subpixels (2015)

A top‐emission organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) with a a microcavity structure combined with a blue/yellow tandem structure was developed. A high‐resolution active‐matrix OLED display with the world's lowest level of power consumption using the tandem OLED with red, green, blue, and yellow subpixels was fabricated.
Fish otolith contains a unique structural protein, otolin‐1 (2002)

A collagen-like protein was identified from the otoliths of the chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta. The otolith, composed mainly of calcium carbonate with small amount of organic matrices, is formed in the inner ear and serves as a part of the hearing and balance systems. Although the organic matrices may play important roles in the growth of otolith, little is known about their chemical nature and physiological function. In this study, a major organic component of the otolith, designated otolin-1, which may serve as a template for calcification, was purified. The sequences of two tryptic peptides from otolin-1 revealed high homology with parts of a saccular collagen which had been described previously [Davis, J.G., Oberholtzer, J.C., Burns, F.R. & Greene, M.I. (1995) Science 267, 1031-1034]. Cloning of a cDNA coding for otolin-1 revealed that the deduced amino-acid sequence contained a collagenous domain in the central part of the protein. Although collagen is the most abundant structural protein in the animal body, otolin-1 mRNA was expressed specifically in the sacculus. Immunohistochemical studies showed that otolin-1 is synthesized in the transitional epithelium and transferred to the otolith and otolithic membrane. This is the first report concerning characterization of a structural protein containing many tandem repeats of the sequence, Gly-Xaa-Yaa, typical for collagen from the biomineral composed of calcium carbonate.
Diffusion Kinetics of HCl Hydrates in Ice Measured Using Infrared Laser Resonant Desorption Depth-Profiling (2001)

The diffusion kinetics of HCl hydrates in ice were measured using a new infrared laser resonant desorption (LRD) depth-profiling technique. This LRD technique permits quantitative depth-profiling and real time diffusion measurements in ice with submicron spatial resolution and high sensitivity. The diffusion coefficients of HCl hydrates ranged from D = 2.0(±0.6) × 10-13 cm2/s at T = 169.0 K to D = 1.1(±0.2) × 10-10 cm2/s at T = 194.9 K. Arrhenius analysis of the diffusion rates yielded a diffusion activation energy of EA = 15.3 ± 1.0 kcal/mol and a diffusion preexponential of Do = 1.5 × 107±0.2 cm2/s. The diffusion coefficients were independent of the total diffusion time and the initial HCl exposure conditions used to prepare the HCl hydrates. The HCl diffusion rates were comparable to H2O diffusion rates in pure ice and HCl-dosed ice multilayers. This similarity between the HCl and H2O diffusion rates suggests that HCl hydrate diffusion in ice may be dependent on the diffusion of H2O vacancies.
Unexpected charge losses from the floating gates of eeprom memory cells (2005)

A new leakage effect, which undermines data retention on the floating gates of EEPROM memory cells, is presented. The effect was uncovered by chance, because an erase operation after high temperature bake led to the surprising result of a threshold voltage decrease, instead of the expected increase. A possible physical explanation for the responsible charge loss mechanism is given and is supported by a number of additional measurements.
Elucidating factors leading to acidolytic degradation of sterically strained oligoether dendrons (2014)

While steric hindrance can be particularly large in dendritic molecules, it is usually implicated with difficulties in the synthesis of higher generation structures and restricted access of reagents, including bond-cleaving agents, to the dendritic interior. A different situation, where the steric hindrance is translated into a steric strain within the dendritic molecule and, consequently, causes enhanced decomposition of the dendron-containing structure, has only occasionally been reported and exclusively for dendronized polymers. In this work we describe post-synthetic cleavage of sterically congested third-generation oligoether dendrons from solid supports, followed by their disassembly into monomeric building blocks under acidic conditions. This disassembly was monitored by H NMR, revealing the intermediate fragment structures and the exact order of bond cleavage within the dendritic molecule. These conclusions were supported by MS analysis of the cleavage mixtures. Though distinguishing between steric and electronic reasons of molecular disassembly can be a challenging task, we were able to analyze these factors separately by monitoring the dendron disassembly and comparing the rates of "decay" of parent dendrons and their fragments. This comparison reveals that while the electron donation of the steric congestion-inducing alkyl substituents is a prerequisite for the disassembly of the structures, this disassembly is very strongly accelerated in the sterically crowded dendrons and intermediates, where both steric and electronic factors contribute in a synergistic way to the disassembly phenomenon.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthetic Approach to Benzo[h]chromones via Sequential Intramolecular Alkynoyl Transfer Followed by 6‐endo Ring Closure. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Development Of A Very Low Peroxide Containing Peracid Formulation As Superior Treatment Option For Water Reuse Applications (2015)

Abstract The shale gas and oil wells drilled and completed in the United States in 2013 alone consumed about 1.8 billion gallons of water. With the increase in gas exploration, through natural and unconventional production, this consumption rate and need for water will increase dramatically. A recent study estimates about 3-6 million gallons of water per frac with volumes as high as 10 million reported for some areas. This increasing demand for water necessitates its reuse and development of critical technologies that aide in water treatment and reuse. In the last few years, peracetic acid treatment has distinguished itself as a safe water treatment as well as a superior, cost effective biocide for water treatment applications. In addition, peracetic acid break down into environmentally safe components providing a low-risk option for routine water treatment in the oil and gas industry. One of the potential issues with the use of conventional peracetic acid is the presence of peroxide in the formulation that increases chances of incompatibility with cross-linked gel, friction reducers and scale inhibitors. Nalco Champion’s new formulation, EC6779A, is an EPA registered biocide that increases the ratio of peracetic acid to peroxide. This new formulation allows for a rapid microbial kill in addition to its increased compatibility with most cross-linked gel packages while maintaining all the advantages of a traditional peracetic acid formulation. This reduced peroxide formulation also increases the stability of the peracetic acid, does not require an onsite generation, and kills bacteria usually associated with microbial induced corrosion (SRB, APB and GHBs), in addition to greatly reducing oxygen induced corrosion in oilfield systems. The new formulation is also dispensable using existing peracid systems and has proved to be a very safe and cost competitive alternative to chlorine dioxide.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Assembly Reactions:  One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized β-Amino Alcohols from Aldehydes, Ketones, and Azodicarboxylates (2003)

[reaction: see text] l-Proline catalyzed the enzyme-like direct asymmetric assembly of aldehydes, ketones, and azodicarboxylic acid esters to provide optically active beta-amino alcohols. This assembly reaction uses both aldehydes and ketones as donors in one pot. The aldol-derived stereocenter is formed with a reduced facial selectivity in reactions involving (R)-amino aldehydes. The reactions can be performed on a multigram scale under operationally simple and safe conditions without the requirement of an inert atmosphere or dry solvents.
Ectomycorrhizal fungi - Molecular tools to study species and functional diversity (2003)

The extramatrical mycelium of ectomycorrhizal (EM) fungi represents a significant component of the ectomycorrhizal (EM) symbiosis, as the mycelium is primarily involved in the uptake of water and nutrients from the soil. The extramatrical mycelium may also actively mobilize nutrients from organic and mineral sources through excretion of enzymes and organic acids respectively. An observation of tunnel-like structures in weatherable mineral grains gave rise to the hypothesis that these were formed by the hyphae of EM fungal species. Tunneled minerals have been found in the weathered E horizon of podzols, a typical soil type for boreal forests. In these forests the EM fungal community is highly species-rich and this thesis describes the vertical distribution of fungal species throughout the podzol profile, with special emphasis on the weathered E horizon. Identification of EM fungal species from podzol horizons through morphological and molecular identification of EM root tips revealed a significant relationship between the EM fungal species composition and soil horizons. The vertical distribution of the EM extramatrical mycelium in podzol horizons was studied with molecular identification techniques based on total soil DNA extracts and a cloning method. The root tip study as well as the mycelial study showed that many EM fungal species exist in the mineral soil that do not occur in the organic layer of a podzol. A high correspondence was furthermore found between the basidiomycete diversity detected by the molecular analysis of root tips and of hyphae. This thesis further describes the use of molecular techniques for the quantification of EM fungal species in soil. By comparing molecular techniques with conventional quantification techniques, it was shown that molecular methods provide tools to determine the biomass of individual fungal species in soil. The molecular methods enabled identification and relative quantification of two EM fungal species separately in a more-species environment and showed consistent results. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrates that molecular techniques facilitate identification and relative quantification of individual soil fungi and in addition highlights the pitfalls of the molecular methodology. As differences in amount and organization of the extramatrical mycelium produced by different EM fungal species may reflect the different ecological roles that the fungi may have, the detection of hyphae initiates possibilities for in situ studies on substrate specificity, niche partitioning and succession of EM fungal species below ground.
Beamspace post-Doppler STAP in ground-based rotating radar systems (2008)

In this paper, we consider the problem of using space-time adaptive processing (STAP) in ground-based rotating radars, in the case where no jamming alone reference is available. Thus, we propose the use of a STAP algorithm, in which adaptive processing is applied in beam post-Doppler space. First, we give design rules for the implementation of this processing, after considering two cases depending on the knowledge of the jammerspsila DOAs and investigating the influence of the number of Doppler filters on performance. Then, we show by simulations that the proposed processing is robust to antenna rotation and has the advantage of having both an high convergence speed with the number of training samples and a low implementation complexity.
Error analysis of 2-D MoM for MFIE/EFIE/CFIE based on the circular cylinder (2005)

We analyze the error in typical moment method scattering solutions for smooth cylindrical geometries and TM-polarized fields. We consider the magnetic field integral equation (MFIE), electric field integral equation (EFIE), and combined field integral equation. To quantify the impact of mesh element size, approximate integration of moment matrix elements, and geometrical discretization error on the accuracy of computed surface currents and scattering amplitudes, we derive error estimates analytically for the circular cylinder. For pulse functions and point testing, current and scattering amplitude errors are generally second order in the mesh element width. The convergence rate worsens to first order if low-order numerical quadrature is used to evaluate moment matrix elements with the EFIE formulation, or if a flat-facet mesh is employed with the MFIE formulation. Third-order convergence is also possible in some special cases. These results for the circular cylinder are empirically compared to computed error values for other smooth scatterer geometries. Convergence rates with respect to mesh refinement agree, but scatterers with regions of high curvature exhibit increased absolute error.
Optically transparent Ku-band silver nanowire frequency selective surface on glass substrate (2014)

An optically transparent frequency selective surface (FSS) is designed and fabricated by patterning a network of silver nanowires film deposited on a glass substrate for Ku-band operation. Measured and simulated transmission coefficients of the fabricated FSS are presented and compared with that of a simple circuit model. The fabricated silver nanowire FSS has demonstrated -15 dB of a stop-band notch in the Ku-band.