gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesterol-Lowering Treatment Is Associated With Improvement in Coronary Vascular Remodeling and Endothelial Function in Patients With Normal or Mildly Diseased Coronary Arteries (2000)

Coronary vascular remodeling and altered endothelial function have been described in the early stages of native atherosclerosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between cholesterol-lowering therapy and coronary vascular remodeling and endothelial function in patients with normal or mildly diseases coronary arteries. Patients (N=101) with normal or mildly diseased coronary arteries by coronary angiography underwent intravascular ultrasound examination of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Vessel and lumen area, atherosclerotic plaque area, and plaque morphology were evaluated. Vascular reactivity was examined with the use of intracoronary adenosine, acetylcholine, and nitroglycerin. Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the total cholesterol levels: group 1 (n=25), patients with a history of hypercholesterolemia adequately treated (total cholesterol <240 mg/dL); group 2 (n=26), patients with hypercholesterolemia not adequately controlled (total cholesterol >/=240 mg/dL); and group 3 (n=50), patients without hypercholesterolemia. Vessel area and lumen area were significantly greater in groups 1 and 3 than in group 2 (for respective values in groups 1, 2, and 3: vessel area 11.9+/-0.5, 10.6+/-0.4, and 11.8+/-0.4 mm(2), both P<0.05; lumen area 8.3+/-0.4, 6.9+/-0.3, and 8.9+/-0.3 mm(2), both P<0.01). However, plaque areas in groups 1 and 2 were similar. Furthermore, acetylcholine-induced percent increases in coronary blood flow were significantly greater in groups 1 and 3 than in group 2 (for respective values in groups 1, 2, and 3: 70.5+/-20.1%, 22.8+/-13.7%, and 68.6+/-14.8%, both P<0. 05). Cholesterol-lowering treatment is associated with an improvement in coronary lumen area that results not from a decrease in plaque area but from an increase in vessel area, reflecting vascular remodeling. Additionally, this adaptive process may occur in association with an improvement of endothelium-dependent vasodilation of the resistance coronary artery.
Analysis and Redesign of the Stationary Components for a Low Flow Coefficient Centrifugal Compressor Stage (2009)

A low flow coefficient centrifugal compressor stage is characterized by the small relative outlet width, and is often one of the latter stages in the multistage compressor. The low flow coefficient stage is known to give lower stage efficiency in comparison with the conventional stage, which still leaves much more space to be improved with modern tools such as CFD techniques. In the paper the flow in a CO2 centrifugal compressor stage with a low design flow coefficient of 0.008 is simulated based on the 3D viscous CFD codes. The analysis shows the impeller gives a favorable performance over a wide range of low flow coefficient, but the high losses exist in the stationary components and this incurs the poor performance of the whole stage. In this case, the diffuser, the return channel and the meridional plane are redesigned. The redesigned stage has distinct improvements on the performance and the flow structure.
Programmed Nanoparticles for Tailoring the Detection of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases and Irritable Bowel Syndrome Disease via Breathprint (2016)

Chemical sensors based on programmable molecularly modified gold nanoparticles are tailored for the detection and discrimination between the breathprint of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The sensors are examined in both lab- and real-world clinical conditions. The results reveal a discriminative power accuracy of 81% between IBD and IBS and 75% between Crohn's and Colitis states.
Biomarkers for assessing disease activity in inflammatory bowel disease (2013)

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (Diagnostic test accuracy). The objectives are as follows: The primary objective is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of three commonly studied biomarkers (serum CRP, FC and SL) for assessing disease activity in patients with established IBD (i.e. UC or CD) presenting with symptoms suggestive of active disease.
Coding a coordination-driven self-assembly via a hydrogen bond-directed solid-state synthesis: An unexpected chiral tetrahedral capsule (2007)

An achiral ligand, synthesized in the solid state via a coded hydrogen bond-directed organic synthesis, self-assembles with Cu(II) ions to form a chiral tetrahedral capsule that hosts an anion as a guest.
Research and development in e-business on the Internet (2005)

The paper describes research and development projects in the field of system support for e-business on the Internet (EBI). The term EBI refers to a synergistic interaction of a number of disciplines, like electronic multimedia, electronic collaboration, electronic commerce, and appropriate business knowledge and intelligence infrastructure. There are several major infrastructure bottlenecks for efficient use of EBI. Some of the bottlenecks are in the hardware and others are in the software domain.
RBIO-05. miRNAs THAT CONFER GLIOBLASTOMA RESISTANCE: IS THE COMBINATION MERELY A SUM OF THE PARTS? (2016)

Most studies of miRNA focus on the biology of single miRNA. How miRNAs interact with one another to modulate complex biologic effects, such as radiation resistance, remain poorly understood. An unbiased functional microRNA screen identified four miRNAs (miR1, miR125a, miR150, and miR425) that, when expressed together, induced glioblastoma radioresistance. We employed gain and loss of function approaches to validate the critical importance of these miRNAs as determinants of glioblastoma radiation resistance. Co-expression of miR1, miR125a, miR150, and/or miR425 in glioblastoma promotes radioresistance through upregulation of the cell-cycle checkpoint response. Such effects were not seen when each miRNA mimic was expressed individually. Antagonizing with antagomiRs sensitizes glioblastoma cells to irradiation, suggesting their potential as targets for inhibiting therapeutic resistance. Analysis of glioblastoma datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that these miRNAs are expressed in glioblastoma patient specimens and correlate with TGFb signaling. Supporting this hypothesis, the expression of miR1 and miR125a can be induced by TGFb and antagonized by a TGFb receptor inhibitor. Together, these results provide insight into the therapeutic application of TGFb inhibitors in radiotherapy. Through an unbiased, systematic screen designed to identify miR combinations that confer glioblastoma radiation resistance, we uncovered a novel miRNA combination. The effects of the four miRNAs in aggregate was distinct from that seen with each individual siRNAs. The study points to the importance of an integrated study of miRNA combinations relative to the characterization of each individual miRNAs.
Guidelines for intermediate back end of line (BEOL) for 3D sequential integration (2017)

For the first time the thermal stability of a new fluorine-free (F-free) W barrier coupled with W interconnections enabling 22% line 1 resistance improvement is evaluated in view of 3D VLSI integration. Integrated with ULK, no resistance nor lateral capacitance degradation is observed up to 550°C 5h while preserving good reliability. For additional thermal stability a TEOS/W stability is demonstrated up to 600°C 2h. Both types of interconnection stacks have been successfully integrated on devices with 28nm design rules and show similar performance for MOSFETs and Ring Oscillators (RO) as compared to the ULK/Cu stack. Finally, iBEOL guidelines are given at the end in view of 3D sequential integration.
Mining a Multilingual Geographical Gazetteer from the Web (2009)

Geographical gazetteers are necessary in a wide variety of applications. In the past, the construction of such gazetteers has been a tedious, manual process and only recently have the first attempts to automate the gazetteers creation been made. Here we describe our approach for mining accurate but large-scale multilingual geographic information by successively filtering information found in heterogeneous data sources (Flickr, Wikipedia, Panoramio, Web pages indexed by search engines). Statistically cross-checking information found in each site, we are able to identify new geographic objects, and to indicate, for each one, its name, its GPS coordinates, its encompassing regions (city, region, country), the language of the name, its popularity, and the type of the object (church, bridge, etc.). We evaluate our approach by comparing, wherever possible, our multilingual gazetteer to other known attempts at automatically building a geographic database and to Geonames, a manually built gazetteer.
Advanced stimuli-responsive polymer nanocapsules with enhanced capabilities for payloads delivery (2015)

Recent progress in the design, preparation, and application of stimuli-responsive polymer nanocapsules with enhanced capabilities for payloads delivery are reviewed.
Low temperature (&gt;100°C) hydrothermal synthesis of high K-low loss BaTiO/sub 3/ films for integral capacitors (2003)

Integration of passive components like resistors, inductors and capacitors into the substrate offers a number of advantages including better electrical performance, miniaturization, reliability and reduced part counts. The integral capacitor requirements in today's systems vary widely from 1-20 pF for signal capacitors in RF applications to 0.01- 0.1 /spl mu/F for digital, RF and power decoupling. Ferroelectric thin films can provide this wide range of properties but their integration has been rendered impossible due to either high temperatures involved in processing or high cost associated with thin film deposition techniques. In this paper we report synthesis of low loss hydrothermal BaTiO/sub 3/ thin films via a low temperature process - hydrothermal synthesis at 95/spl deg/C on laminated titanium foils. The films grown on Titanium foils were subsequently treated with oxygen plasma to improve the yield and reduce the dielectric loss. The films were characterized systematically using X-Ray Diffraction analysis, SEM and capacitance measurements. Films synthesized on thinner foils revealed nanograins under SEM and upon treating in oxygen plasma demonstrated dielectric loss of 0.06 at 100 kHz, which is the lowest loss reported on hydrothermal films synthesized at these temperatures. The effect of titanium source, hydrothermal conditions and the post hydrothermal treatment on the dielectric constant and loss of the synthesized films is discussed. Films with capacitance of more than 1.5 /spl mu/F/cm/sup 2/ and thickness of 300 nm (corresponding to a dielectric constant of above 350) were integrated into standard Printed Wiring Board processes using Ti foil lamination, patterning, hydrothermal treatment and electroless plating of copper for top metallization. These films are suitable candidate materials for digital decoupling applications.
Silicon Nanophotonic Mid-IR Optical Modulator (2012)

We demonstrate the first mid-IR silicon nanophotonic modulator, with a bitrate of 3Gbps. Our results show that similar design methodologies can be applied to silicon mid-IR active devices as for telecom devices.
Relaxation at the Angle of Repose (1989)

We have investigated the distribution of avalanches which occur when the slope of a sandpile exceeds the metastable slope given by the angle of repose. In contradiction to recent models by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld for the dynamics of granular systems, we do not observe power-law distributions. We also find that the slope of a sandpile decays as $log(t)$ when vibrations are introduced. We propose a simple model for this effect.
Abstract PR05: Targeting of CDK7 inhibits super-enhancer-associated oncogenic programs in MYCN-amplified tumor cells (2015)

Abstract The MYC oncoproteins are thought to stimulate tumor cell growth and proliferation through amplification of gene transcription, a mechanism that has thwarted most efforts to inhibit MYC function as potential cancer therapy. Using a novel covalent inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) to disrupt the transcription of amplified MYCN in neuroblastoma cells, we demonstrate downregulation of the oncoprotein with consequent massive suppression of MYCN-driven global transcriptional amplification. This response translated to significant tumor regression in a mouse model of high-risk neuroblastoma, without the introduction of systemic toxicity. The striking treatment selectivity of MYCN-overexpressing cells correlated with preferential downregulation of super-enhancer-associated genes, including MYCN and other known oncogenic drivers in neuroblastoma. These results indicate that CDK7 inhibition, by selectively targeting the mechanisms that promote global transcriptional amplification in tumor cells, would be useful therapy for cancers that are driven by MYC or its family members. Citation Format: Edmond Chipumuro, Eugenio Marco, Camilla L. Christensen, Nicholas Kwiatkowski, Tinghu Zhang, Clark M. Hatheway, Brian J. Abraham, Bandana Sharma, Caleb Yeung, Abigail Altabef, Antonio Perez-Atayde, Kwok-Kin Wong, Guo-Cheng Yuan, Nathanael S. Gray, Richard A. Young, Rani E. George. Targeting of CDK7 inhibits super-enhancer-associated oncogenic programs in MYCN-amplified tumor cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Myc: From Biology to Therapy; Jan 7-10, 2015; La Jolla, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2015;13(10 Suppl):Abstract nr PR05.
Microstructured porous ZnO thin film for increased light scattering and improved efficiency in inverted organic photovoltaics (2014)

Microstructured porous zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film was developed and demonstrated as an electron selective layer for enhancing light scattering and efficiency in inverted organic photovoltaics. High degree of porosity was induced and controlled in the ZnO layer by incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) organic template. Scanning electron microscopy, contact angle and absorption measurements prove that the ZnO:PEG ratio of 4:1 is optimal for the best performance of porous ZnO. Ensuring sufficient pore-filling, the use of porous ZnO leads to a marked improvement in device performance compared to non-porous ZnO, with 35% increase in current density and 30% increase in efficiency. Haze factor studies indicate that the performance improvement can be primarily attributed to the improved light scattering enabled by such a highly porous structure.
Acetoacetate and 3-hydroxybutyrate kinetics in obese and insulin-dependent diabetic humans (1985)

[3-14C]acetoacetate (AcAc) and beta-[3-14C]hydroxybutyrate (beta-OHB) administration, measurements of labeled AcAc and beta-OHB in blood, and kinetic modeling have been used to investigate ketone body (KB) metabolism in five normal, five obese, and eight insulin-withdrawn diabetic subjects. Diabetic subjects were divided in mildly ketotic (MKD) and highly ketotic (HKD) patients according to beta-OHB blood level. A four-compartmental model successfully described the tracer kinetic data in obese and normal subjects, whereas in diabetic patients a five-compartmental model was necessary. Obese subjects showed a significantly lower (P less than 0.05) KB de novo synthesis (R30 = 159 +/- 54 (SD) mumol X min-1 X m-2) in comparison with normal subjects (282 +/- 93), but the clearance rates of AcAc (PCR1) and beta-OHB (PCR2) were similar in the two groups. R30 was 596 +/- 534 in MKD and 1,278 +/- 445 (P less than 0.01) in HKD. PCR1 was not significantly different both in MKD and HKD in comparison with normal subjects. In contrast PCR2 was markedly reduced in HKD (0 +/- 0 ml X min-1 X m-2) in comparison with MKD (1,031 +/- 615) and normal subjects (782 +/- 278). The percentage distribution of KB among various tissues inside the organism of diabetic subjects is abnormal. Both AcAc and beta-OHB recycling and mean residence time are not normal in HKD. A significant correlation was found between C-peptide and KB production in diabetes. These results suggest that a selective defect of beta-OHB peripheral utilization is important in determining and maintaining severe diabetic ketoacidosis.
Chameleon: A High Performance Flash/FRAM Hybrid Solid State Disk Architecture (2008)

Flash memory solid state disk (SSD) is gaining popularity and replacing hard disk drive (HDD) in mobile computing systems such as ultra mobile PCs (UMPCs) and notebook PCs because of lower power consumption, faster random access, and higher shock resistance. One of the key challenges in designing a high-performance flash memory SSD is an efficient handling of small random writes to non-volatile data whose performance suffers from the inherent limitation of flash memory that prohibits in-placc update. In this paper, we propose a high performance Flash/FRAM hybrid SSD architecture called Chameleon. In Chameleon, metadata used by the flash translation layer (FTL), a software layer in the flash memory SSD, is maintained in a small FRAM since this metadata is a target of intensive small random writes, whereas the bulk data is kept in the flash memory. Performance evaluation based on an FPGA implementation of the Chameleon architecture shows that the use of FRAM in Chameleon improves the performance by 21.3 %. The results also show that even for bulk data that cannot be maintained in FRAM because of the size limitation, the use of fine-grained write buffering is critically important because of the inability of flash memory to perform in-placc update of data.
MR Imaging with Surface Coils in Primary Hyperparathyroidism (1987)

The use of magnetic resonance (MR) to preoperatively evaluate patients with primary hyperparathyroidism was assessed using a 1.5 T system and surface coil reception. Twenty-five patients with primary hyperparathyroidism were studied before surgical exploration. Axial images, 5 mm thick, were obtained from the thyroid cartilage to the sternal notch. Both T1-weighted [short repetition time (TR), short echo time (TE)] and T2-weighted (long TR, long TE) spin echo sequences were performed in most cases. Parathyroid adenomas typically demonstrated greater signal than surrounding tissues on T2-weighted sequences, yet demonstrated signal intensity that was less than or equal to normal thyroid tissue on T1-weighted sequences. Using these criteria, MR correctly identified 17 of 20 surgically proven parathyroid adenomas in the neck. Magnetic resonance appeared less sensitive in two patients with parathyroid hyperplasia, identifying only one of six hyperplastic glands. We conclude that MR with surface coils provides high contrast, anatomic delineation of the neck and is useful for preoperative localization of parathyroid tumors.
Reliability of Isokinetic Strength and Aerobic Power Testing for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure (2002)

These data suggest that in a population of patients with CHF, a familiarization trial for skeletal muscle strength testing is necessary. Although familiarization is not required for assessing oxygen consumption as a single measurement, VO(2peak) declined markedly in the 3-month period for which these patients were followed. Internal consistency within patients was high for the second and third strength trials and the first and second tests of VO(2peak).
Multiple-stage Precursor Ion Separation and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry toward Structural Characterization of 2,3-Diacyltrehalose Family from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2019)

Mass spectrometry (MS)-based precursor ion isolation, collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation, and detection using linear ion-trap multiple-stage mass spectrometry (LIT MSn) in combination with high resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) provides a unique tool for structural characterization of complex mixture without chromatographic separation. This approach permits not only separation of various lipid families and their subfamilies, but also stereoisomers, thereby, revealing the structural details. In this report, we describe the LIT MSn approach to unveil the structures of a 2,3-diacyl trehalose (DAT) family isolated from the cell envelope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, in which more than 30 molecular species, and each species consisting of up to six isomeric structures were found. LIT MSn performed on both [M + Na]+ and [M + HCO2]− ions of DAT yield complimentary structural information for near complete characterization of the molecules, including the location of the fatty acyl substituents on the trehalose backbone. This latter information is based on the findings of the differential losses of the two fatty acyl chains in the MS2 and MS3 spectra; while the product ion spectra from higher stage LIT MSn permit confirmation of the structural assignment.
Electron-electron interaction in doped GaAs at high magnetic field (1998)

We observe an inversion of the low-temperature dependence for the conductivity of doped GaAs by application of a magnetic field. This inversion happens when ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}{\ensuremath{\tau}}_{\mathrm{tr}}\ensuremath{\simeq}1$, as predicted by Houghton et al. [Phys. Rev. B 25, 2196 (1982)] for the correction to conductivity due to screened Coulomb repulsion in the diffusive regime. This correction follows the oscillating behavior of the transport elastic time entering the Shubnikov--de Haas regime. For ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{c}\ensuremath{\tau}&gt;~1$, we observe that the Hartree part of the interaction correction is suppressed. Moreover, the total correction seems strongly reduced, although its dependence stays logarithmic.
Optimizing Precision Medicine for Breast Cancer Brain Metastases with Functional Drug Response Assessment (2023)

Examining genomic alterations and differentially expressed pathways in brain metastases may inform future therapeutic strategies. This study supports genomically-guided therapy for BCBM and further investigation into incorporating real-time functional evaluation will increase confidence in efficacy estimations during drug development and predictive biomarker assessment for BCBM.
Interactive Cosmology Visualization Using the Hubble UltraDeep Field\n Data in the Classroom (2020)

We have developed a Java-based teaching tool, "Appreciating Hubble at\nHyper-speed" ($\\textit{AHaH}$), intended for use by students and instructors in\nbeginning astronomy and cosmology courses, which we have made available online.\nThis tool lets the user hypothetically traverse the Hubble Ultra Deep Field\n(HUDF) in three dimensions at over $\\sim500\\!\\times\\!10^{12}$ times the speed\nof light, from redshifts $z\\!=\\!0$ today to $z\\!=\\!6$, about 1 Gyr after the\nBig Bang. Users may also view the Universe in various cosmology configurations\nand two different geometry modes - standard geometry that includes expansion of\nthe Universe, and a static pseudo-Euclidean geometry for comparison. In this\npaper we detail the mathematical formulae underlying the functions of this Java\napplication, and provide justification for the use of these particular\nformulae. These include the manner in which the angular sizes of objects are\ncalculated in various cosmologies, as well as how the application's coordinate\nsystem is defined in relativistically expanding cosmologies. We also briefly\ndiscuss the methods used to select and prepare the images in the application,\nthe data used to measure the redshifts of the galaxies, and the qualitative\nimplications of the visualization - that is, what exactly users see when they\n"move" the virtual telescope through the simulation. Finally, we conduct a\nstudy of the effectiveness in this teaching tool in the classroom, the results\nof which show the efficacy of the tool, with over $\\sim$90% approval by\nstudents, and provide justification for its further use in a classroom setting.\n