gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Extended velocity overshoot in InGaAs collectors for high-speed heterojunction bipolar transistors (1990)

As III-V device fabrication technology continues to improve and performance limiting parasitics are eliminated, the intrinsic speed of any given device structure and options for increasing that speed are of greater interest to device researchers and technologists. One approach to improving heterojunction bipolar transistor (HBT) high-frequency performance is to reduce the transit time across the collector space charge region by carefully tailoring the electric field in the collector in such a fashion as to extend or enhance velocity overshoot in the space charge region. This technique was first described1 and demonstrated2-3 for AlxGa1-x As/GaAs HBTs. Recently, structures composed of materials lattice matched to InP substrates4-5 have emerged as champions in the race for high-speed and optical applications honors. Because these devices have utilized conventional collector structures, further gains can be achieved by application of collectors designed for enhanced or extended velocity overshoot. This is easily seen by noting that the extended velocity overshoot condition is more easily achieved in In0.53Ga0.47 As than in GaAs, in large part due to the larger ? — L conduction band separation (?E?L — 0.55 eV for In0.53Ga0.47AS; ?E?L = 0.33 eV for GaAs). In this paper, we present Monte Carlo simulation results demonstrating the efficacy of the extended velocity overshoot approach for reducing transit times across the collector for a number of ln0.53Ga0.47As collector structures.
Kirigami‐Based Compliant Mechanism for Multiaxis Optical Tracking and Energy‐Harvesting Applications (2020)

Kirigami‐based structures and materials have recently emerged with a variety of geometric transformation capabilities in applications such as flexible electronics, soft robotics, nanophotonics, energy harvesting, and others. Herein, a 2D pattern of cuts (kirigami) that transform into a 3D, one‐piece compliant mechanism that allows for optical tracking over a solid angle sweep of over 110° in two axes is presented. This structure is scaled to an arbitrarily large array, yet the displacement required to achieve the angular sweep remain compact and independent of the number of elements and areal extent of the array. One of the applications of this mechanism is in solar concentration and dual‐axis tracking. Using practical dimensions, 80‐fold or greater concentration is realized. Mutual shadowing of nearby concentrators is assessed along with thermal effects of optical concentration that limit photovoltaic (PV) cell efficiency. The significant reduction in semiconductor usage along with the multiaxis tracking ability reduces the overall cost of solar PV panels. This is projected to make them competitive with stationary silicon panels capable of satisfying the household daily average energy requirement.
Entropy Estimation and Lossless Compression (2009)

A frequently asked question is how much lossless compression can be achieved for a given image. In light of the noiseless source coding theorem, we know that the bit rate can be made arbitrarily close to the entropy of the source that generated the image. However, a fundamental problem is determining that entropy. An obvious approach to estimating the entropy is to characterize the source using a certain model and then find the entropy with respect to that model. Accurate source modeling is essential to any compression scheme since the performance bounds are established by the entropy with respect to that model. The effectiveness of a model is determined by how accurately it predicts the symbol probabilities. With natural information-generating sources such as speech and images, the more complex models, which are capable of accounting for the structure present in such sources, result in lower entropies and higher compression. The real challenge with this approach lies in approximating the source structure as close as possible while keeping the complexity of the model (the number of parameters) to a minimum. Another approach to estimating the entropy is to segment the image into blocks of size N and use the frequency of occurrence of each block as a measure of its probability. The entropy per original source symbol of the adjoint source formed in this way would approach the entropy of the original source as the block size goes to infinity. Unfortunately, the convergence to the true entropy is slow and one needs to consider large values of N. Since there are 256 N possible values for each N-pixel block with an 8-bit image, the required computational resources would run scarce even for small values of N.
Remote sensing retrievals of fine mode aerosol optical depth and impacts on its correlation with CO from biomass burning (2007)

It has been suggested that simultaneous satellite measurements of mid‐visible fine mode aerosol optical depth τ f and CO concentrations can aid in improving the characterization of biomass burning in chemical transport models. However different approaches for retrieving τ f have recently been proposed. Using MODIS and MOPITT data, we examine the impact these have on the regression slope between enhancements of τ f and CO (Δ τ f /ΔCO) for representative biomass burning cases, including savanna and extratropical forests. Both MODIS Collection 4 and recent Collection 5 aerosol products are used in our study. We find that τ f varies systematically with retrieval method causing systematic differences in the slope of regression. Regardless of method used, noticeable differences in regression slope are observed for different types of biomass burning. Our results point out the need for consistency in defining τ f between satellite measurements and models if the Δ τ f /ΔCO ratio is to be used as a constraint.
Application of Synthetic Wall Jets for Pressure-Less, Counter-Current Conveyance of Thin Liquid Layers (2014)

The entrainment by pulsed or rather so-called synthetic wall jets can be used to sustain a pressure-less transport of thin liquid layers along ducts. These jets exhibit zero-net-mass-flow conditions and lead to a break of symmetry in the flow pattern during one oscillation cycle. Therefore, only a net impulse is transferred in jet direction and induces a directed movement of the ambient liquid by entrainment according to the jet direction. The aim is to investigate the applicability of the principle to counter-current contactors as an alternative to pressure drop or gravity as driving forces typically applied e.g. in counter-current liquid-liquid contactors. Experiments are performed with an apparatus containing wall-jet flow drives with a multitude of narrow slit-openings (slit-width s = 190 μm) along a channel for synthetic wall jet generation. Firstly, one single wall-jet flow drive is investigated regarding its conveying performance at different related oscillation amplitudes (eslit/s = 7–25) and frequencies (f = 1–5 Hz). Subsequently, the apparatus is extended by a second identical device, arranged in parallel but above and oriented in the opposite conveying direction. This is to demonstrate the applicability of synthetic wall jets for counter-current operations.
Cross-Regulation Assessment of DIDO Buck-Boost Converter for Renewable Energy Application (2017)

When medium- or high-voltage power conversion is preferred for renewable energy sources, multilevel power converters have received much of the interest in this area as methods for enhancing the conversion efficiency and cost effectiveness. In such cases, multilevel, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) configurations of DC-DC converters come to the scenario for integrating several sources together, especially considering the stringent regulatory needs and the requirement of multistage power conversion systems. Considering the above facts, a three-level dual input dual output (DIDO) buck-boost converter, as the simplest form of MIMO converter, is proposed in this paper for DC-link voltage regulation. The capability of this converter for cross regulating the DC-link voltage is analyzed in detail to support a three-level neutral point clamped inverter-based grid connection in the future. The cross-regulation capability is examined under a new type of pulse delay control (PDC) strategy and later compared with a three-level boost converter (TLBC). Compared to conventional boost converters, the high-voltage three-level buck boost converter (TLBBC) with PDC exhibits a wide controllability range and cross regulation capability. These enhanced features are extremely important for better regulating variable output renewable energy sources such as solar, wind, wave, marine current, etc. The simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the claim.
A 32–42-GHz RTWO-Based Frequency Quadrupler Achieving >37 dBc Harmonic Rejection in 22-nm FD-SOI (2021)

In this letter, we propose a 32-42-GHz frequency quadrupler that performs digital logic operations between four phase-shifted differential signals at one-fourth of the output frequency. The four phase-shifted signals are generated via a 10-GHz rotary traveling-wave oscillator (RTWO) and are symmetrically routed to the quadrupler using a CMOS buffered clock tree. The harmonic rejection ratio (HRR) is enhanced by employing a differential LC filter tuned at its output center frequency. The proposed frequency quadrupler is implemented in 22-nm FD-SOI CMOS. At 37 GHz, it produces an output power of -4 dBm with a 10% drain efficiency. It consumes 4 mW from 0.8-V supply and occupies a core area of 0.021 mm2. The worst-case HRR for fundamental, second, third, and fifth harmonics are 41.3, 48.6, 41.3, and 37.3 dBc, respectively.
EVALUATION OF SALT RESISTANCE OF LOW HEAT PORTLAND CEMENT USING WITH CHLORIDE IONS IMMOBILIZED MATERIAL AND EXPANSIVE ADDITIVE (2015)

塩素固定化材および膨張材を低熱セメントに添加することで、水和物としてエトリンガイト、モノサルフェートおよびハイドロカルマイトが生成した。また、それらの生成量にはSO3/Al2O3モル比に応じた差が認められた。塩素固定化材と膨張材を添加したセメント硬化体を塩水浸漬した場合、硬化体が緻密化し、塩化物イオンの拡散が抑制された。これは、フリーデル氏塩の生成により塩化物イオンを固定化した化学的な作用と、細孔量を減少させる物理的な作用によるものと考えた。また、セメントの種類によって効果が異なり、低熱セメントは普通セメントと比較して塩素固定化材および膨張材の添加による中性化抵抗性と耐塩性の効果が小さいことが確認された。
The role of magnesium in headache and migraine (2011)

Magnesium's role in migraine pathogenesis is well-described, with deficiencies known to promote cortical spreading depression, alter nociceptive processing, and neurotransmitter release and encourage the hyperaggregation of platelets, all major elements of migraine development. Research on magnesium has found it to be a potentially well-tolerated, safe and inexpensive option for migraine prevention, while it may also be effective as an acute treatment option for headaches including migraines, tension- type headaches and cluster headaches, particularly in certain patient subsets. This chapter will review the various aspects of migraine in which magnesium plays a part, as well as numerous studies on the use of magnesium in both headache prophylaxis and in the acute treatment of headaches, offering recommendations in its use in clinical practice.
Associations of D-Dimer with Computed Tomographic Lung Abnormalities, Serum Biomarkers of Lung Injury, and Forced Vital Capacity: MESA Lung Study (2021)

<b>Rationale:</b> The coagulation cascade may play a role in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease through increased production of thrombin and fibrin deposition. Whether circulating coagulation cascade factors are linked to lung inflammation and scarring among community-dwelling adults is unknown. <b>Objectives:</b> To test the hypothesis that higher baseline D-dimer concentrations are associated with markers of early lung injury and scarring. <b>Methods:</b> Using the MESA (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis) cohort (<i>n</i> = 6,814), we examined associations of baseline D-dimer concentrations with high attenuation areas from examination 1 (2000-2002; <i>n</i> = 6,184) and interstitial lung abnormalities from examination 5 computed tomographic (CT) scans (2010-2012; <i>n</i> = 2,227), and serum MMP-7 (matrix metalloproteinase-7) and SP-A (surfactant protein-A) from examination 1 (<i>n</i> = 1,098). We examined longitudinal change in forced vital capacity (FVC) from examinations 3-6 (2004-2018, <i>n</i> = 3,562). We used linear logistic regression and linear mixed models to examine associations and adjust for potential confounders. <b>Results:</b> The mean (standard deviation) age of the cohort was 62 (10) years, and the D-dimer concentration was 0.35 (0.69) ug/ml. For every 10% increase in D-dimer concentration, there was an increase in high attenuation area percentage of 0.27 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.08-0.47) after adjustment for covariates. Associations were stronger among those older than 65 years (<i>P</i> values for interaction < 0.001). A 10% increase in D-dimer concentration was associated with an odds ratio of 1.05 for interstitial lung abnormalities (95% CI, 0.99-1.11). Higher D-dimer concentrations were associated with higher serum MMP-7 and a faster decline in FVC. D-dimer was not associated with SP-A. <b>Conclusions:</b> Higher D-dimer concentrations were associated with a greater burden of lung parenchymal abnormalities detected on CT scan, MMP-7, and FVC decline among community-dwelling adults.
Pilot Designs for Consistent Frequency-Offset Estimation in OFDM Systems (2007)

This paper presents pilot designs for consistent frequency-offset estimation of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing systems in frequency-selective fading channels. We describe two design approaches, namely, consistency in the probabilistic sense and absolute consistency. Existing preambles and pilot designs in the literature do not guarantee the absolute consistency. We derive general criteria for both approaches, present sufficient conditions on the pilot structures over the maximum carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation range (half of the sampling rate), and derive simple pilot designs satisfying these conditions. We also extend the sufficient conditions to any arbitrary but fixed CFO estimation range, and present some generalized design patterns. Furthermore, the CFO estimation performances of distinct consistent pilot designs can be quite different at moderate or low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to different statistics of outliers which also yields a link failure. We develop efficient pilot-design criteria that provide both consistency and robustness against outliers at moderate-to-low SNR. Our consistent pilot designs facilitate flexible and economical implementation, while our robust pilot designs enable wireless links with less outage and better resilience
Neural Network based Inter bi-prediction Blending (2021)

This paper presents a learning-based method to improve bi-prediction in video coding. In conventional video coding solutions, the motion compensation of blocks from already decoded reference pictures stands out as the principal tool used to predict the current frame. Especially, the bi-prediction, in which a block is obtained by averaging two different motion-compensated prediction blocks, significantly improves the final temporal prediction accuracy. In this context, we introduce a simple neural network that further improves the blending operation. A complexity balance, both in terms of network size and encoder mode selection, is carried out. Extensive tests on top of the recently standardized VVC codec are performed and show a BD-rate improvement of −1.4% in random access configuration for a network size of fewer than 10k parameters. We also propose a simple CPU-based implementation and direct network quantization to assess the complexity/gains tradeoff in a conventional codec framework.
A low lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR) predicts PFS, POD24 and OS in previously untreated, high tumor burden follicular lymphoma (FL): an analysis from the RELEVANCE trial (2023)

Introduction: The peripheral blood LMR has been postulated as an accessible piece of information about the composition of the tumor microenvironment. In a single-center, retrospective, unselected cohort of FL, a low LMR was shown to be associated with an older age and higher tumor burden and to predict for a shorter progression-free and overall survival (PFS, OS) and a higher risk of histological transformation and second primary malignancies (Mozas, Leuk & Lymph, 2020). We explored the impact of the LMR in patients included in the phase III RELEVANCE trial (Morschhauser, NEJM, 2018 and JCO, 2022), which compared rituximab-chemotherapy (R-chemo) with rituximab-lenalidomide (R2) in patients with previously untreated, high tumor burden FL. Methods: Xtile and the maxstat package of R software were used to find the best LMR cutoff based on PFS data and then validated using a truncated power basis spline method. Baseline characteristics, PFS per investigator assessment, early relapse (POD24) and OS were compared between LMR risk groups. Multivariable Cox regression models including the FLIPI score and the treatment arm were built for survival analyses and uni/multivariable logistic regression was used for POD24 analysis. Results: Among the 1030 patients included in the RELEVANCE study, 1018 had LMR data available. The median LMR was 2.5 (range, 0–93) and a LMR cutoff of 2 was found to best predict PFS. Patients with a LMR ≤2 (n = 372, 37%) were older and displayed higher-risk features (Figure A). In the global cohort, a LMR ≤2 was predictive of a shorter PFS (HR = 1.39 Figure B and C) and OS (HR = 1.44), but its negative impact in the multivariable model remained statistically significant solely for PFS (HR for LMR = 1.31). Likewise, a LMR ≤2 was associated with a higher risk of POD24 (univariable OR = 1.84; multivariable OR = 1.71). No significant interaction was observed in the PFS analysis between treatment arms and the LMR, despite the fact that the LMR was significantly associated to PFS only in the R-chemo arm (P = 0.001) and not in the R2 arm (P = 0.08). The research was funded by: The RELEVANCE trial was supported by Celgene, a Bristol Myers Squibb Company, and the Lymphoma Academic Research Organisation (LYSARC). Keywords: Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers, Indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma, Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment Conflicts of interests pertinent to the abstract. A. Martín García-Sancho Other remuneration: Janssen, Roche, BMS, Kyowa Kirin, Clinigen, Eusa Pharma, Novartis, Gilead/Kite, Incyte, Lilly, Takeda, ADC Therapeutics America, Miltenyi, Ideogen, Abbvie P. Abrisqueta Consultant or advisory role: Janssen, Roche, Abbvie, BMS, Astrazeneca, Gilead, Beigene Honoraria: Janssen, Roche, Abbvie, BMS, Astrazeneca, Gilead Educational grants: Janssen, Abbvie, Roche M. Crump Other remuneration: Kyte/Gilead, Novartis F. Morschhauser Consultant or advisory role: Roche, Gilead, Genmab, Novartis, Abbvie Honoraria: Chugai (scientific lectures)
Directed Evolution of Ribosomal Protein S1 for Enhanced Translational Efficiency of High GC Rhodopseudomonas palustris DNA in Escherichia coli (2007)

The expression of foreign DNA in Escherichia coli is important in biotechnological applications. However, the translation of genes from GC-rich organisms is inefficient in E. coli. To overcome this problem, we applied directed evolution to E. coli ribosomal protein S1. Two selected mutants enabled 12- and 8-fold higher expression levels from GC-rich DNA targets. General improvements in translation efficiency over a range of genes from Rhodopseudomonas palustris and E. coli was achieved using an S1 mutant selected against multiple genes from R. palustris. This method opens new opportunities for the expression of GC-rich genes in E. coli.
Importance of Practical Relevance and Design Modules in Electrical Circuits education (2011)

The interactive technical electronic book, TechEBook, currently under development at the University of Central Florida (UCF), provides a useful tool for engineers and scientists through unique features compared to the most used traditional electrical circuit textbooks available in the market. TechEBook has comprised the two worlds of classical circuit books and an interactive operating platform such as iPads, laptops and desktops utilizing Java Virtual Machine operator. The TechEBook provides an interactive applets screen that holds many modules, in which each had a specific application in the self learning process. This paper describes two of the interactive techniques in the TechEBook known as, Practical Relevance Modules (PRM) and Design Modules (DM). The Practical Relevance Module will assist the readers to learn electrical circuit analysis and to understand the practical application of the electrical network theory through solving real world examples and problems. The Design Module will help students design real-life problems. These modules will be displayed after each section in the TechEBook for the user to relate his/her understanding with the outside world, which introduces the term me-applying and me-designing, as a comprehensive full experience for self or individualized education. The main emphasis of this paper is the PRM while the DM will be discussed in brief. A practical example of applying the PRM and DM features is discussed as part of a basic electrical engineering course currently given at UCF and results show improved student performances in learning materials in Electrical Circuits. In the future, such modules can be redesigned to become highly interactive with illustrated animations.
Towards Predictive Motor Analysis Multiphysics Modeling and Its Applications (2022)

Proper thermal management is key to the safe and efficient operation of electric motors, which relies on accurate prediction of electromagnetic loss. Electromagnetics is often coupled with thermal analysis to provide detailed loss information, which is referred as one-way coupled Multiphysics analysis. While one-way coupling improves model accuracy by incorporating detailed loss information, the electromagnetic analysis still relies on assumed temperature. To close the loop, a two-way coupling has been proposed to couple thermal information back to the electromagnetics analysis. The two-way coupling provides a complete modeling framework by considering the two physics via temperature dependent material properties, leading to improved electromagnetics accuracy in addition to thermal analysis. However, its application has been limited due to the complicated mapping and computing overhead. In this study, the two-way coupling has been investigated over full 3D geometry to examine benefits and pitfalls, focused on the energy conservation between the two physics.
Low-Temperature Reactions of Atomic Cobalt with CH2N2, CH4, CH3D, CH2D2, CHD3, CD4, H2, D2, and HD (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-Temperature Reactions of Atomic Cobalt with CH2N2, CH4, CH3D, CH2D2, CHD3, CD4, H2, D2, and HDW. E. Billups, Sou-Chan Chang, Robert H. Hauge, and John L. MargraveCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 4, 1387–1392Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00109a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00109a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views209Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts