gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compressible turbulent channel flow with impedance boundary conditions (2015)

We have performed large-eddy simulations of isothermal-wall compressible turbulent channel flow with linear acoustic impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) for the wall-normal velocity component and no-slip conditions for the tangential velocity components. Three bulk Mach numbers, Mb = 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, with a fixed bulk Reynolds number, Reb = 6900, have been investigated. For each Mb, nine different combinations of IBC settings were tested, in addition to a reference case with impermeable walls, resulting in a total of 30 simulations. The adopted numerical coupling strategy allows for a spatially and temporally consistent imposition of physically realizable IBCs in a fully explicit compressible Navier-Stokes solver. The IBCs are formulated in the time domain according to Fung and Ju [“Time-domain impedance boundary conditions for computational acoustics and aeroacoustics,” Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 18(6), 503–511 (2004)]. The impedance adopted is a three-parameter damped Helmholtz oscillator with resonant angular frequency, ωr, tuned to the characteristic time scale of the large energy-containing eddies. The tuning condition, which reads ωr = 2πMb (normalized with the speed of sound and channel half-width), reduces the IBCs’ free parameters to two: the damping ratio, ζ, and the resistance, R, which have been varied independently with values, ζ = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and R = 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, for each Mb. The application of the tuned IBCs results in a drag increase up to 300% for Mb = 0.5 and R = 0.01. It is shown that for tuned IBCs, the resistance, R, acts as the inverse of the wall-permeability and that varying the damping ratio, ζ, has a secondary effect on the flow response. Typical buffer-layer turbulent structures are completely suppressed by the application of tuned IBCs. A new resonance buffer layer is established characterized by large spanwise-coherent Kelvin-Helmholtz rollers, with a well-defined streamwise wavelength λx, traveling downstream with advection velocity cx = λx Mb. They are the effect of intense hydro-acoustic instabilities resulting from the interaction of high-amplitude wall-normal wave propagation (at the tuned frequency fr = ωr/2π = Mb) with the background mean velocity gradient. The resonance buffer layer is confined near the wall by structurally unaltered outer-layer turbulence. Results suggest that the application of hydrodynamically tuned resonant porous surfaces can be effectively employed in achieving flow control.
Borrelidin Induces the Unfolded Protein Response in Oral Cancer Cells and Chop-Dependent Apoptosis (2015)

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common cancer affecting the oral cavity, and US clinics will register about 30,000 new patients in 2015. Current treatment modalities include chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, which often result in astonishing disfigurement. Cancers of the head and neck display enhanced levels of glucose-regulated proteins and translation initiation factors associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR). Previous work demonstrated that chemically enforced UPR could overwhelm these adaptive features and selectively kill malignant cells. The threonyl-tRNA synthetase (ThRS) inhibitor borrelidin and two congeners were discovered in a cell-based chemical genomic screen. Borrelidin increased XBP1 splicing and led to accumulation of phosphorylated eIF2α and UPR-associated genes, prior to death in panel of OSCC cells. Murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) null for GCN2 and PERK were less able to accumulate UPR markers and were resistant to borrelidin. This study demonstrates that UPR induction is a feature of ThRS inhibition and adds to a growing body of literature suggesting ThRS inhibitors might selectively target cancer cells.
3-C-Methyl-D-allono-1,5-lactone (2007)

The relative configuration and ring size of the title compound, C7H12O6, were established by X-ray crystallographic analysis. The absolute configuration was determined by the use of 2-C-methyl-d-ribonolactone as a starting material. Almost all unprotected carbohydrate lactones are five-membered ring 1,4-lactones; the title compound provides a very rare example of a stable six-membered ring lactone.
F-102 Special Lecture (2017)

JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes​ seeks to end the HIV epidemic by presenting important new science across all disciplines that advance our understanding of the biology, treatment and prevention of HIV infection worldwide. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the trusted, interdisciplinary resource for HIV- and AIDS-related information with a strong focus on basic and translational science, clinical science, and epidemiology and prevention. Co-edited by the foremost leaders in clinical virology, molecular biology, and epidemiology, JAIDS publishes vital information on the advances in diagnosis and treatment of HIV infections, as well as the latest research in the development of therapeutics and vaccine approaches. This ground-breaking journal brings together rigorously peer-reviewed articles, reviews of current research, results of clinical trials, and epidemiologic reports from around the world.
GAMPS (2009)

We consider the problem of collectively approximating a set of sensor signals using the least amount of space so that any individual signal can be efficiently reconstructed within a given maximum (L∞) error ε. The problem arises naturally in applications that need to collect large amounts of data from multiple concurrent sources, such as sensors, servers and network routers, and archive them over a long period of time for offline data mining. We present GAMPS, a general framework that addresses this problem by combining several novel techniques. First, it dynamically groups multiple signals together so that signals within each group are correlated and can be maximally compressed jointly. Second, it appropriately scales the amplitudes of different signals within a group and compresses them within the maximum allowed reconstruction error bound. Our schemes are polynomial time O(α, β approximation schemes, meaning that the maximum (L∞) error is at most α ε and it uses at most β times the optimal memory. Finally, GAMPS maintains an index so that various queries can be issued directly on compressed data. Our experiments on several real-world sensor datasets show that GAMPS significantly reduces space without compromising the quality of search and query.
A novel locus for idiopathic generalized epilepsy in French‐Canadian families maps to 10p11 (2008)

Idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) has evidence of a strong genetic etiology. We conducted genomewide linkage analysis for genes responsible for familial IGE in French-Canadian pedigrees. Twenty families segregating autosomal dominant epilepsy were collected. Four larger IGE families sufficiently powerful for independent linkage analysis were genome-scanned and follow-up fine mapping was performed over regions with LOD scores >3.0. The genotyping of 16 smaller families was carried out at significantly linked loci for supportive linkage analysis and haplotype comparisons. One of the four families provided a significant linkage result at marker D10S1426 on chromosome 10 (two-point LOD score = 3.05, theta = 0, multipoint LOD score = 3.18). Fine mapping revealed a segregating haplotype and key recombination breakpoints, suggesting a candidate gene interval of 6.5 Mb. Multipoint linkage analyses using the additional 16 families yielded a maximum LOD score under heterogeneity of 4.23 (alpha = 0.34) at this locus. Evaluation of recombination breakpoints in these families narrowed the candidate region to 1.7 Mb. Sequencing of the two known genes in this region, NRP1 and PARD3, was negative for mutation. Replication of linkage to this locus in other cohorts of IGE families is essential to characterize the underlying genetic mechanism for the disease.
Structural Interactions between Inhibitor and Substrate Docking Sites Give Insight into Mechanisms of Human PS1 Complexes (2013)

Presenilin-mediated endoproteolysis of transmembrane proteins plays a key role in physiological signaling and in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer disease and some cancers. Numerous inhibitors have been found via library screens, but their structural mechanisms remain unknown. We used several biophysical techniques to investigate the structure of human presenilin complexes and the effects of peptidomimetic γ-secretase inhibitors. The complexes are bilobed. The head contains nicastrin ectodomain. The membrane-embedded base has a central channel and a lateral cleft, which may represent the initial substrate docking site. Inhibitor binding induces widespread structural changes, including rotation of the head and closure of the lateral cleft. These changes block substrate access to the catalytic pocket and inhibit the enzyme. Intriguingly, peptide substrate docking has reciprocal effects on the inhibitor binding site. Similar reciprocal shifts may underlie the mechanisms of other inhibitors and of the "lateral gate" through which substrates access to the catalytic site.
Fabrication of co-axial field emitter tips for scanning probe energy loss spectroscopy (2010)

We report on the fabrication of a co-axial tip for application to scanning probe energy loss spectroscopy (SPELS). The device consists of a 23.3 microm tall tip on a 76 microm tall mesa with a multilayer Si/Au/HfO(2)/Au structure; the outer Au and HfO(2) layers are stripped from the apex of the tip. The inner Au layer is used as a field emitting layer and the outer Au layer is grounded to screen the electric field between the tip and the substrate. The co-axial tip shows comparable field emission characteristics to electrochemically etched tungsten tips. The SPELS spectra of graphite obtained with the new tips show pi and sigma plasmon peaks and intense secondary electron emission peaks. It is anticipated that such co-axial tips will present a significant advantage for future angular resolved SPELS measurements.
<title>Concurrent simulation of xerographic imaging subsystems</title> (1994)

This paper presents first principles simulations of xerographic imaging where photoreceptors are exposed and discharged to result in a spatial image charge distribution on the surface. The exposure stage involves the solution of the Maxwell equations for wave propagation through the lossy transport layer. The real component of the Poynting vector is then calculated to estimate the intensity of illumination. A direct boundary integral equation method (BIEM) is used to formulate and solve the coupled Helmholtz equations for the tangential component of electric field and its normal derivative. The discharge stage requires consideration of both charge conservation and current continuity. A hybrid BIEM-MOC (boundary integral equation method - method of characteristics) algorithm is used to solve for the electrostatic fields, and to track the space charge migration. Both steady- state and time-transient cases may be treated. Electron-hole pair generation is controlled by a field-dependent quantum generation efficiency. Computed results include: discharged surface voltage, contours of potential through the photoreceptor cross-section, and adjacency effects at the edges of exposed lines. This simulation is implemented within a distributed computing environment that supports interactive steering, interactive browsing and visualization, concurrent processing, iconic assembly of dataflow networks, and multi-level (process-device) simulation. Parallel Virtual Machine, a public domain parallel programming software toolkit from Oak Ridge National Laboratory, is used to attain desktop supercomputing level performance by harnessing the computational power of a heterogeneous cluster of Unix workstations into a single loosely coupled parallel computing resource.
Vehicle Near-miss Situation Prediction from Probe-car Data Using Statistical Machine Learning (2012)

Providing a driver with information on risky events in advance is crucial for safer and more comfortable driving. This paper presents an approach to automated classification of near-miss situations for providing more useful information to drivers. Specifically, based on probe-car data, the authors introduce a statistical machine learning approach to the classification task. Experimental results show that the method is capable of identifying effective features from the data and is promising in near-miss pattern classification.危険性の高い事象を予め教示するサービスがあれば、安心安全に運転を楽しむことができる。しかしドライバにとって受容性の高い情報にするには、より詳細なヒヤリハット発生形態の分類が必要であった。本研究では、従来法では困難な右折時ヒヤリハットの分類問題に対して統計的機械学習法を適用しその有効性を明らかにした。
Mammographic density and breast cancer: a comparison of related and unrelated controls in the Breast Cancer Family Registry (2013)

The use of sister controls in case-control studies of PMD resulted in a modest attenuation of case-control differences and risk estimates, but showed a statistically significant association with risk and allowed control for race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status and family history.
ChemInform Abstract: DNA‐Templated Synthesis: More Versatile than Expected. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Laminated Structure Dispensers (2019)

The Hereon multilayered, laminated controlled release system has been used to dispense the revolutionary behavior-modifying chemicals. This chapter discusses the Hereon patented controlled release system and describes the various pheromone formulations that are used or are being evaluated for specific insect pest management programs. The Hereon commercial insect pheromone dispensers have been used since the early 1970s in various integrated pest management programs. The release rate of a pheromone from the Hereon dispenser depends on its concentration in the reservoir layer. Several ester-type pheromones have been formulated in Hereon multilayered systems and tested as baits in survey programs or as point pheromone sources in disruption of mating studies. The Hereon dispenser used in mating disruption has the same construction as that of the bait. The Hereon Division recommends the use of the behavior-modifying chemical to lower the incidence of mating in low-level populations.
ChemInform Abstract: A Sulfur‐Assisted Regioselective α‐Functionalization of Cyclopropyl Sulfides. Synthetic Applications of Homoallyl Anion Synthon. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Resonance Raman of BCC and normal skin (2017)

The Resonance Raman (RR) spectra of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and normal human skin tissues were analyzed using 532nm laser excitation. RR spectral differences in vibrational fingerprints revealed skin normal and cancerous states tissues. The standard diagnosis criterion for BCC tissues are created by native RR biomarkers and its changes at peak intensity. The diagnostic algorithms for the classification of BCC and normal were generated based on SVM classifier and PCA statistical method. These statistical methods were used to analyze the RR spectral data collected from skin tissues, yielding a diagnostic sensitivity of 98.7% and specificity of 79% compared with pathological reports.
Reductive Catalytic Fractionation: From Waste Wood to Functional Phenolic Oligomers for Attractive, Value-Added Applications (2021)

Reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) is proven to be a promising biorefinery strategy for the valorization of lignocellulosic biomass. A large part of past and present RCF research has been directed at the conversion of freshly harvested biomass instead of recycled lignocellulose fractions. Moreover, the focus of RCF research often lies in obtaining high phenolic monomer yields, while the product mixture also consists of dimers and oligomers. However, this paradigm is shifting. Following the cascading principle, the use of sustainable and inexpensive post-consumer wood (PCW) forms an alluring alternative to freshly harvested wood. In parallel, the applicability of the dimers and oligomers in the phenolic product mixture is receiving increased attention, which was previously overshadowed by the monomer fraction. This chapter discusses the potential of post-consumer wood (PCW) as a feedstock for RCF biorefining, aiming to produce functional, ‘intermediate molecular weight’ phenolics. The first part discusses the framework of cascading wood use in the EU, with an emphasis on the collection of PCW and its sorting based on (in)organic contaminants. The second part reviews biorefining strategies that specifically target PCW. The third part highlights RCF as potential biorefinery strategy, while critically discussing catalyst deactivation as a major challenge. The last part outlines the possible applications of the targeted phenolic oligomers, providing value to this intermediate molecular weight product fraction.
Session 10 overview / data converters: Nyquist-rate converters (2011)

Summary form only given. The demands placed on high-speed communication are steadily increasing as services such as cloud computing, video-on-demand, and ever increasing web access, call for higher date rates with dramatically improved energy efficiency. In particular, optical network data rates are now approaching 100Gb/s, wireless cellular base stations are processing wide-spectrum content for multi-standard support, and cable modems and medical-imaging systems are striving to achieve GHz bandwidths. In response to these challenges, new analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) architectures are being developed that dramatically increase conversion rates and conversion efficiency by leveraging advanced CMOS, SiGe technology, and clever circuit techniques.
Predictive value of a CLIA-approved organoid based drug sensitivity test. (2020)

3630 Background: Precision medicine integrates genetic, molecular, and clinical information to optimize therapy selection for cancer patients. Ex vivo drug testing has the potential to match the right drug to the right patient. We developed a CLIA-certified functional drug assay for all solid tumors which provides an actionable report of organoid sensitivity to targeted, endocrine and chemotherapy agents as a tool for therapeutic decisions. Objectives: To establish the predictive power of the test in relation to well-known genomic biomarkers as well as prior treatments to identify drug sensitivity. To demonstrate that functional drug testing increases the actionability of genomic reports. Methods: From 2016 to 2019, 240 organoids from cancer patients were subjected to functional testing at SEngine Precision Medicine. Patients with advanced primary or metastatic cancer (solid tumors) who were treatment naïve or had previous therapies fail. Fresh samples of tumor cells from core biopsies, surgical excisions, or fluids arrived &lt;48 hrs following collection and were cultured as 3D organoids. They were evaluated using a multi-dose response format with a library of up to 130 compounds. Drug sensitivity was quantified using a score that combines sensitivity and personalization of each patient’s response relative to a reference population. Known genomic actionability from levels of evidence 1-2 from MSKCC OncoKB were queried against results for correlation. Results: Organoids were derived from breast (18.7%), ovarian (18.3%), colorectal (17.9%), pancreatic (6.7%), and others solid tumors (38,3%). Median age of patients was 53 (r5-83). 68 drugs on average were tested per patient with a mean turnaround time of 18 days (r9 -37). A mean of 7 drugs per patient were identified as top scoring drugs. In 75 patients with genomic data, we found high concordance of drug sensitivity with known genomic anchors (e.g., inhibitors of BRCA1/ PARP, ERBB2/HER2, FGFR1-2/FGFR, KRAS, PIK3CA/PI3K), measured as sensitivity to drugs among this targeted groups. However, several patient samples demonstrated sensitivity to targeted agents in the absence of known genomic biomarkers. Most important, analysis of previous treatments indicated &gt;90% of retrospective concordance. Conclusions: Organoid based drug testing exhibits strong concordance with genomic and retrospective clinical evidence. In addition, functional testing identifies candidate therapies in patients with no known biomarkers and can identify the significance of variants currently not validated.
Effects of Perioperative Administration of a Selective Cyclooxygenase 2 Inhibitor on Pain Management and Recovery of Function After Knee Replacement (2003)

Perioperative use of an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 2 is an effective component of multimodal analgesia that reduces opioid consumption, pain, vomiting, and sleep disturbance, with improved knee range of motion after TKA.
Apoptotic effects of 7,8-dihydroxyflavone in human oral squamous cancer cells through suppression of Sp1 (2014)

7,8-Dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) is a member of the flavonoid family and has recently been identified as a brain-derived neurotrophic factor mimetic that selectively activates tropomyosin-receptor kinase B with high affinity. The antioxidant and anticancer effects of 7,8-DHF have been reported. However, the pharmacological mechanisms of 7,8-DHF in oral cancer are unclear. Thus, we investigated the mechanisms of the antiproliferative action of 7,8-DHF on HN22 and HSC4 oral squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. We demonstrated that 7,8-DHF decreased cell growth and induced apoptosis in the HN22 and HSC4 cells through regulation of specificity protein 1 (Sp1) using the MTS assay, DAPI staining, Annexin V, propidium iodide staining, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry, pull-down assay and western blot analysis. The results showed that the Sp1 protein bound with 7,8-DHF in the HN22 and HSC4 cells. Taken together, the results suggest that 7,8-DHF could modulate Sp1 transactivation and induce apoptotic cell death by regulating the cell cycle and suppressing antiapoptotic proteins. Furthermore, 7,8-DHF may be valuable for cancer prevention and better clinical outcomes.
Recent developments in long wavelength VCSELs based on localized wafer fusion (2009)

We review recent results on wafer fused long wavelength VCSELs emitting in the 1310 - 2000 nm range. This technology allows reaching fundamental mode output in excess of 4.5 mW at room temperature and close to 3 mW at 70degC for both the 1310 nm and 1550 nm wavebands-the highest values obtained so far. Emission wavelength can be tuned continuously with current with a tuning range as large as 15 nm. For 2000 nm emission wavelength, room temperature output is ~ 0.5 mW, limited so far by high optical absorption in the cavity. 1310 nm-VCSELs that are optimized for high speed operation yield excellent 10 Gbps operation both at room temperature and at 100degC.