gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Catalytic Antibody Functionalization of Dendrimers (2001)

Antibody 38C2 catalyzed a retro-aldol process upon dendritic modified aliphatic polyesters. This catalytic system was studied in detail and displayed rate enhancements, k(cat)/k(uncat), of greater than 10(6). These antibody-catalyzed reactions took place in a stepwise manner yielding partially modified aldol-dendrimers until a fully substituted aldehyde dendrimer was formed. The catalytic antibody 38C2 only reacted with surface-exposed aldol moieties and did not significantly interact with the core groups for dendrons 4 and 8. For a higher generation dendron 8 the rate of unmasking slightly decreased presumably due to steric crowding of the aldol functionalities. In addition, catalytic antibody 38C2 was able to selectively differentiate block-hybrid dendrons and was regiospecific in the retro-aldol reaction of dendron 21. This is an inaugural report of a catalytic antibody utilizing dendrimers as substrates and suggests that antibodies could be used as selective catalysts for the controlled release and activation of specific molecules attached to biodegradable polymeric materials. Furthermore, this is the first example of catalytic antibody 38C2 displaying regioselectivity on a multifunctional aldol substrate. Important for synthetic applications is the antibody's ability to selectively differentiate regions on dendritic substrates and produce partly aldol functionalized dendrons under conditions mild enough to avoid beta-elimination.
Effect of hysterectomy on pain in women with endometriosis: a population‐based registry study (2020)

Objective To assess pain symptoms before and after hysterectomy in women with endometriosis. Design A population‐based registry study. Setting Sweden. Population Women aged 18–45 years who underwent hysterectomy for endometriosis between 2010 and 2015. Methods Pain symptoms before hysterectomy and 12 months after surgery were collected from the Swedish National Quality Register for Gynaecological Surgery (GynOp). Pain symptoms were also assessed by follow‐up surveys after a median follow‐up period of 63 months. Main outcome measures Pelvic or lower abdominal pain after hysterectomy. Results The study included 137 women. The proportion of women experiencing pain of any severity decreased by 28% after hysterectomy ( P &lt; 0.001). The proportion of women with severe pain symptoms decreased by 76% after hysterectomy ( P &lt; 0.001). The majority of women (84%) were satisfied with the surgical result. Presence of severe pain symptoms after the hysterectomy was associated with less satisfaction ( P &lt; 0.001). Pain symptoms after surgery, patient satisfaction and the patient's perceived improvement were not significantly different between women whose ovarian tissue was preserved and women who underwent bilateral oophorectomy. Conclusions We observed a significant, long‐lasting reduction in pain symptoms after hysterectomy among women with endometriosis. Hysterectomy, with the possibility of ovarian preservation, may be a valuable option for women with endometriosis who suffer from severe pain symptoms. Tweetable abstract Hysterectomy is a valuable option for women with endometriosis and severe pain symptoms.
Metaverse: Perspectives from graphics, interactions and visualization (2022)

The metaverse is a visual world that blends the physical world and digital world. At present, the development of the metaverse is still in the early stage, and there lacks a framework for the visual construction and exploration of the metaverse. In this paper, we propose a framework that summarizes how graphics, interaction, and visualization techniques support the visual construction of the metaverse and user-centric exploration. We introduce three kinds of visual elements that compose the metaverse and the two graphical construction methods in a pipeline. We propose a taxonomy of interaction technologies based on interaction tasks, user actions, feedback and various sensory channels, and a taxonomy of visualization techniques that assist user awareness. Current potential applications and future opportunities are discussed in the context of visual construction and exploration of the metaverse. We hope this paper can provide a stepping stone for further research in the area of graphics, interaction and visualization in the metaverse.
Assessing Doping Effects on Surface Chemical Stability By in Situ AP-Xps in Barium Perovskites, BaCexZr0.9-XY0.1O2.95 (x = 0.9 ; 0.2 ; 0) (2017)

The two major proton-conducting solid oxide fuel cell (PCFC) performance limitations are the long-term stability as well as the concentration and mobility of proton defects in the electrolyte. The main electrolyte candidates are perovskite type, in particular, yttrium doped barium Ba(Zr/Ce/Y)O 3-s materials. However the poor grain boundary conductivity of BaZr 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 (BZY) and the lack of chemical stability of BaCe 0.9 Y 0.1 O 2.95 (BCY) impede their application. The first issue can be addressed by the development of grain boundary-free thin films which exhibit conductivity level up to three orders of magnitude higher than standard sintered pellets. [1] A solid solution of BZY and BCY, BaCe 0.2 Zr 0.7 Y 0.1 O 2.95 (BCZY) , demonstrates further optimized conductivity levels and chemical stability. [2, 3] However, due to the low concentration of protons and surface gas sensitivity of these materials, detailed knowledge on the chemical interaction between elements from oxide host lattice and fuel cell environment is still lacking, hindering PCFC development. In this work, we developed BaCe x Zr 0.9-x Y 0.1 O 2.95 epitaxial thin films and characterized their performance with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We investigated the doping effect on surface chemistry by using Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (AP-XPS) in fuel cell environments (100 mtorr of H 2 O, H 2 , O 2 or CO 2 ) at operating temperature (&gt;400°C). Upon applying water partial pressure, changes in the O 1s and Y 3d core level spectra were observed with a clear dopant dependency. These results indicate the formation of degradation products at the surface. The correlation between surface activity, composition, chemical stability, and conductivity level as well as associated new insights into the dopant effect on hydration and degradation mechanisms will be discussed. References [1] D. Pergolesi, E. Fabbri, A. D’Epifanio, E. Di Bartolomeo, A. Tebano, S. Sanna, S. Licoccia, G. Balestrino, E. Traversa, Nat Mater 9 (2010) (10) 846. [2] S. Ricote, N. Bonanos, A. Manerbino, N.P. Sullivan, W.G. Coors, Journal of Materials Chemistry A 2 (2014) (38) 16107.t [3] S. Ricote, N. Bonanos, H.J. Wang, R. Haugsrud, Solid State Ionics 185 (2011) (1) 11. Acknowledgement This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research (ONR) and The Advanced Light Source (ALS) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, and Office of Basic Energy Sciences under award DESC0001160 and Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 repectively.
Restless Sleep in a Hyperactive Girl (2015)

Pozzi, Marco PhD; Bertella, Silvana MD; Molteni, Massimo MD; Antoniazzi, Stefania PharmD; Carnovale, Carla PharmD; Gentili, Marta PharmD; Pellegrino, Paolo MD; Perrone, Valentina PharmD; Clementi, Emilio PhD; Radice, Sonia BiolD Author Information
Extension of Gaussian-2 (G2) theory to molecules containing third-row atoms K and Ca (1997)

Gaussian-2 (G2) theory has been extended to molecules containing the third-row nontransition elements K and Ca. Basis sets compatible with those used in G2 theory for molecules containing first- and second-row atoms, as well as the third-row elements Ga–Kr, have been derived. As for Ga–Kr, first-order spin–orbit corrections are included explicitly in the G2 energies of K- and Ca-containing atoms and molecules. In contrast to the procedure for Ga–Kr, the 3s and 3p orbitals need to be included in the correlation space for K- and Ca-containing molecules. The geometries obtained with the new basis sets are in satisfactory agreement with experiment. Assessment of the thermochemical predictions is limited because of the sparsity of accurate experimental data for molecules containing K and Ca. Ionization energies are generally in good agreement with experimental values, as are the atomization energies for K-containing molecules. However, there are larger differences between theoretical and experimental atomization energies for Ca-containing molecules.
Transnitrosylation: A Factor in Nitric Oxide–Mediated Penile Erection (2016)

Transnitrosylation mechanisms play an important role in regulating NO bioactivity in the penis. Deficiency of GSNOR leads to eNOS dysfunction and increased oxidative damage, suggesting that homeostatic eNOS function in the penis is governed by transnitrosylation.
In-line chromatic dispersion monitoring using optically-added phase modulate in-band for 10 Gb/s system (2004)

We demonstrate a novel in-line dispersion monitoring technique using phase modulated in-band subcarrier tones. Our technique has no subcarrier-subcarrier tones. Our technique has no subcarrier to-data crosstalk, high sensitivity, and large monitoring range. A >3400 ps/nm monitoring range and <9 (ps/nm)/dB sensitivity are shown for a 10-Gb/systm.
Determining Acceptability of Blood Glucose Meters: Evaluating a Blood Glucose Testing System (1996)

We assayed 100 capillary whole blood specimens from 50 adults on the Precision QID blood glucose testing system (MediSense, Waltham, Mass) and in duplicate on a whole blood reference method. We centrifuged aliquots of each specimen and analyzed the resulting plasma in the clinical laboratory. The Precision QID achieved maximum total error of 15.5% at a glucose concentration of 42 mg/dL, 12.3% at 83 mg/dL, and 6.4% at 280 mg/dL. The amount of error demonstrated satisfies the performance requirement established by the 1986 Conference on Self-Monitoring of Blood Gluco
Between Order and Chaos. (2003)

Nature has moments both of order and chaos. Interestingly enough, those forms that are considered most fit actually reside someplace in between. In fact many consider this inbetween state a necessary property of emergence for nature. Such a phenomenon applies to business and software agents, as well.
Issue Highlights ‐ November 2017 (92:B6) (2017)

Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry focuses on the development and applications of cellular system analysis and array based technologies as applied to clinical practice and translational research. This journal also covers relevant techniques such as flow cytometry, image cytometry, beadbased and slide-based array analyses, as well as other cell-based spectroscopic analyses. In addition, Clinical Cytometry publishes clinical and translational investigations that identify and validate the features and molecules important in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic management of patients
Ultra-low Concentration of Cellulose Nanofibers (CNFs) for Enhanced Nucleation and Yield of ZnO Nanoparticles (2022)

Cellulose nanofibers (CNFs) were used in aqueous synthesis protocols for zinc oxide (ZnO) to affect the formation of the ZnO particles. Different concentrations of CNFs were evaluated in two different synthesis protocols producing distinctly different ZnO morphologies (flowers and sea urchins) as either dominantly oxygen- or zinc-terminated particles. The CNF effects on the ZnO formation were investigated by implementing a heat-treatment method at 400 °C that fully removed the cellulose material without affecting the ZnO particles made in the presence of CNFs. The inorganic phase formations were monitored by extracting samples during the enforced precipitations to observe changes in the ZnO morphologies. A decrease in the size of the ZnO particles could be observed for all synthesis protocols, already occurring at small additions of CNFs. At as low as 0.1 g/L CNFs, the particle size decreased by 50% for the flower-shaped particles and 45% for the sea-urchin-shaped particles. The formation of smaller particles was accompanied by increased yield by 13 and 15% due to the CNFs' ability to enhance the nucleation, resulting in greater mass of ZnO divided among a larger number of particles. The enhanced nucleation could also be verified as useful for preventing secondary morphologies from forming, which grew on the firstly precipitated particles. The suppression of secondary growths' was due to the more rapid inorganic phase formation during the early phases of the reactions and the faster consumption of dissolved salts, leaving smaller amounts of metal salts present at later stages of the reactions. The findings show that using cellulose to guide inorganic nanoparticle growth can be predicted as an emerging field in the preparation of functional inorganic micro/nanoparticles. The observations are highly relevant in any industrial setting for the large-scale and resource-efficient production of ZnO.
Securing publish-subscribe overlay services with EventGuard (2005)

A publish-subscribe overlay service is a wide-area communication infrastructure that enables information dissemination across geographically scattered and potentially unlimited number of publishers and subscribers. A wide-area publish-subscribe (pub-sub) system is often implemented as a collection of spatially disparate nodes communicating on top of a peer to peer overlay network. Such a model presents many inherent benefits such as scalability and performance, as well as potential challenges such as: (i) confidentiality & integrity, (ii) authentication, and (iii) denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. In this paper we present EventGuard for securing pub-sub overlay services. EventGuard comprises of a suite of security guards that can be seamlessly plugged-into a content-based pub-sub system. EventGuard mechanisms aim at providing security guarantees while maintaining the system's overall simplicity, scalability and performance metrics. We present an implementation which shows that EventGuard is easily stackable on any content-based pub-sub core. Finally, our experimental results show that EventGuard can secure a pub-sub system with minimal performance penalty.
Performance and polarization effects in (112¯2) long wavelength light emitting diodes grown on stress relaxed InGaN buffer layers (2012)

Long wavelength (525–575 nm) (112¯2) light emitting diodes were grown pseudomorphically on stress relaxed InGaN buffer layers. Basal plane dislocation glide led to the formation of misfit dislocations confined to the bottom of the InGaN buffer layer. This provided one-dimensional plastic relaxation in the film interior, including the device active region. The change of the stress state of the quantum well due to one-dimensional plastic relaxation altered the valence band structure, which produced a significant shift in polarization of emitted light. Devices grown on relaxed buffers demonstrated equivalent output power compared to those for control samples without relaxation.
OSNR sensitivity of multi-level modulation formats (2010)

A simple analytical method to estimate the OSNR sensitivity of multi-level amplitude, phase and combined modulation formats is shown. The results are compared to numerical simulations with coherent and direct detection technique using RZ and NRZ pulse shape.
Fabrication and characteristics of InP SHBT and wave guide PD on double layers for OEMMIC (2003)

We have explored the fabrication of InP/InGaAs single heterojunction bipolar transistor (SHBT) and waveguide p-i-n photodiode (PD) layer on the double stacked layers for the implementation of OEMMIC and investigated the performance of SHBT and PD.
Manipulation of dietary amino acids prevents and reverses obesity in mice through multiple mechanisms that modulate energy homeostasis (2020)

Reduced activation of energy metabolism increases adiposity in humans and other mammals. Thus, exploring dietary and molecular mechanisms able to improve energy metabolism is of paramount medical importance, as such mechanisms can be leveraged as a therapy for obesity and related disorders. Here, &lt;a&gt;we show that a designer protein-deprived diet enriched in free essential amino acids can i) promote the brown fat thermogenic program and fatty acid oxidation, ii) stimulate uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-independent respiration in subcutaneous white fat, iii) change the gut microbiota composition, and iv) prevent and reverse obesity and dysregulated glucose homeostasis in multiple mouse models, prolonging the healthy lifespan. &lt;/a&gt;These effects are independent of unbalanced amino acid ratio, energy consumption, and intestinal calorie absorption. A brown fat-specific activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 seems involved in the diet-induced beneficial effects, as also strengthened by &lt;i&gt;in vitro&lt;/i&gt; experiments. Hence, our results suggest that brown and white fat may be targets of specific amino acids to control UCP1-dependent and -independent thermogenesis, thereby contributing to the improvement of metabolic health.
Optimization of Large Scale Produced Hard Carbon Performance in Na-Ion Batteries: Effect of Precursor, Temperature and Processing Conditions (2018)

Hard carbon materials were prepared from different precursors (phenolic resin and commercially available cellulose and lignin) under different pyrolysis and processing conditions using industrially adapted syntheses protocols. The study of their microstructural features enabled to assess that the nature of the precursor and the temperature of pyrolysis are the major factors determining the carbon yield and the surface area, the latter one having a major effect on the electrochemical capacity. Finally, the presence of surface groups and physisorbed water can also play a role both on the maximum reversible capacity achievable (by influencing the interaction of sodium ions with the hard carbon surface) and the irreversible capacity. Phenolic resin combining high carbon yield (∼50%), tap density (0.7 g⋅cm−3) and reversible capacity (249 mAh/g) was found to be the precursor producing the most suitable hard carbon for practical use in Na-ion batteries. Cellulose can be a good candidate as well, the lower carbon yield being counterbalanced by its lower price and higher capacity (280 mAh/g).
Temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth in the paramagnetic phase (T>TC) ofR1−xBxMnO3+δ(R=La,Pr; B=Ca,Sr) (1997)

Electron spin resonance (ESR) experiments in the paramagnetic phase of ${\mathrm{R}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{MnO}}_{3+\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$n(R=La,Pr; B=Ca,Sr) show, for 1.1 ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{C}}$\ensuremath{\lesssim}T\ensuremath{\lesssim}${2\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{C}}$, a linear T increase of the resonance linewidth, \ensuremath{\Delta}H, in powders, ceramic pellets, and single crystals. Above \ensuremath{\sim}${2\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{C}}$ a slowdown in the T increase of \ensuremath{\Delta}H is observed. The data resemble the results found in other ferromagnetic insulators where the spin-lattice relaxation involves a single-phonon process. We find that the one-phonon process may account for the linear T dependence of the linewidth observed up to \ensuremath{\sim}${2\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{C}}$. A large T dependence of the resonance intensity above ${\mathrm{T}}_{\mathrm{C}}$ was found in all the samples studied, suggesting the existence of spin clusters in these compounds over a wide range of temperature.
Synthesis and properties of dicationic ionic liquids with pentasiloxane linker (2022)

New dicationic ionic liquids with pentasiloxane linker between two imidazolium moieties and bis(trifluoromethyl-sulfonyl)imide anions were synthesized; their melting points, glass transition temperatures and viscosities were measured, and thermal and hydrolytic stabilities were investigated. The dependence of the properties of these ionic liquids on the length of the siloxane linker in the cation part is revealed.
An Integrated Bulk and Surface Modification Strategy for Gas‐Quenched Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiencies Exceeding 22% (2022)

Inverted perovskite solar cells (PSCs) prepared by the antisolvent method have achieved power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of over 23%, but they are not ideal for device upscaling. In contrast, gas‐quenched PSCs offer great potential for upscaling, but their performance still lags behind. Herein, the gas‐quenched films through both surface and bulk modifications are upgraded. First, a novel surface modifier, benzylammonium thiocyanate, is found to allow remarkably improved surface properties, but the PCE gain is limited by the existence of longitudinally multiple grains. Thus, methylammonium chloride additive as a second modifier to realize monolithic grains is further utilized. Such an integrated strategy enables the average open‐circuit voltage of the gas‐quenched PSCs to increase from 1.08 to 1.15 V, leading to a champion PCE of 22.3%. Moreover, the unencapsulated device shows negligible degradation after 150 h of maximum power point operation under simulated 1 sun illumination in N 2 .
Operation analysis and numerical approximation for the LLC DC-DC converter (2012)

The LLC resonant converter has the advantages of achieving high power efficiency for wide input voltage and load range, which makes it a popular candidate in high power density and high efficiency power converter applications. However, the complex interaction between resonant components makes it hard to analysis. The fundamental harmonic approximation (FHA) is widely adopted as a simplified analysis model. Yet, it has poor accuracy in gain prediction and cannot explain LLC's various operation modes. In this paper, a detailed mode analysis is developed that can offer highly accurate description on the resonant behavior, and the mode distribution under different load and frequency is illustrated and discussed. Moreover, a numerical approach is developed based on the mode model to provide precise peak gain points estimation. An experimental prototype is built to verify the analysis.
Electrically driven optical proximity correction (2008)

Existing optical proximity correction tools aim at minimizing edge placement errors (EPE) due to the optical and resist process by moving mask edges. However, in low-k1 lithography, especially at 45nm and beyond, printing perfect polygons is practically impossible to achieve in addition to incurring prohibitively high mask complexity and cost. Given the impossibility of perfect printing, we argue that aiming to reduce the error of electrical discrepancy between the ideal and the printed contours is a more reasonable strategy. In fact, we show that contours with non-minimal EPE may result in closer match to the desired electrical performance. Towards achieving this objective, we developed a new electrically driven OPC (ED-OPC) algorithm. The tool combines lithography simulation with an accurate contour-based model of shape electrical behavior to predict the on/off current through a transistor gate. The algorithm then guides edge movements to minimize the error in current, rather than in edge placement, between current values for printed and target shapes. The results on industrial 45nm SOI layouts using high-NA immersion lithography models show up to a 5% improvement in accuracy of timing over conventional OPC, while at the same time showing up to 50% reduction in mask complexity for gate regions. The results confirm that better timing accuracy can be achieved despite larger edge placement error.
完全ディジタルPLL回路の設計 : ディープ・サブミクロンCMOSプロセスで実現する (2010)

第１章 イントロダクション 第２章 ディジタル制御発振器 第３章 正規化ディジタル制御発振器 第４章 完全ディジタルＰＬＬ回路 第５章 アプリケーション例—ＡＤＰＬＬ技術で作る送信器 第６章 ＡＤＰＬＬのビヘイビア・モデル化とシミュレーション 第７章 ＡＤＰＬＬの実装と実験結果 Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｘ Ａ ＤＣＯスイッチングに起因するスプリアス Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｘ Ｂ ガウシアン・パルス成形フィルタ Ａｐｐｅｎｄｉｘ Ｃ ＶＨＤＬソース・コード