gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma Protein Biomarkers Correlated with the Development of Diet-Induced Type 2 Diabetes in Mice (2010)

INTRODUCTION: Early detection, assessment of disease progression, and application of an appropriate therapeutic intervention are all important for the care of patients with type 2 diabetes. Currently, however, there is no simple test for early detection of type 2 diabetes. Established diagnostic tests for the disease including oral glucose tolerance, fasting blood glucose, and hemoglobin A1c are relatively late markers where the disease has already progressed. Since blood is in direct contact with many tissues, we hypothesized that pathological tissue changes are likely to be reflected in proteomic profiles of plasma. METHODS: Mice were reared either on regular chow or a high-fat diet at weaning and several physiological responses (i.e., weight, fasting plasma glucose and insulin, and glucose tolerance) were monitored at regular time intervals. Plasma was collected at regular intervals for proteomic analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and subsequent mass spectrometry. RESULTS: Onset of hyperinsulinemia with corresponding glucose intolerance was observed in 2 weeks and fasting blood glucose levels rose significantly after 4 weeks on the high-fat diet. Many proteins were found to exist in multiple forms (isoforms). Levels of some isoforms including plasma retinol binding protein, transthyretin, Apolipoprotein A1, and kininogen showed significant changes as early as 4 weeks which coincided with the very early development of glucose intolerance. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that a proteomic approach to study the development of type 2 diabetes may uncover unknown early post-translationally modified diagnostic and/or therapeutic protein targets.
Abstract LB-248: A single-institution prospective study evaluating the functional diffusion map (fDM) as an early imaging biomarker for overall survival in high-grade glioma (2008)

Abstract Introduction: Standard assessment of radiologic response in patients with malignant glioma is traditionally carried out using T1 gadolinium-enhanced MRI at approximately 10 weeks following treatment initiation. Diffusion-weighted MRI of gliomas, analyzed by the functional diffusion map (fDM), may provide an early measure of response during treatment to predict patient survival (OS). Tumor cells restrict the random diffusion of water molecules within a tumor; therefore, diffusion will increase during successful therapy. The fDM imaging biomarker is a voxel-wise method for analysis of DW-MRI data providing for quantification of treatment-associated spatial alterations in tumor diffusion values earlier than radiologic response. Methods: A prospective single-institution trial of early assessment of brain tumor response by MRI was performed early during radiation therapy. Sixty patients with high grade glioma undergoing radiation therapy were enrolled in an IRB-approved study of intra-treatment MRI 1, 3, and 10 weeks after the initiation of treatment. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate imaging parameters as a function of patient survival at one-year. Log Rank and Cox Proportional Hazards models were utilized to assess OS. Results: Measurable changes in diffusion MRI were observed as early as one week into treatment. The volume of tumor with increased diffusion as assessed by fDM 3 weeks after the start of therapy was the strongest predictor of patient survival at one year, with larger fDM predicting longer median survival [52.6 vs. 10.9 months, log-rank, P&amp;lt;0.003, HR 2.7 (95% CI: 1.5-5.9)]. Radiologic response at 10 weeks was of similar prognostic value [log-rank, P&amp;lt;0.0007, HR 2.9 (95% CI: 1.7-7.2)]. Pre-treatment age (&amp;lt;50 vs. 50+, P&amp;lt;0.007), pathologic grade (III vs. IV, P&amp;lt;0.05), and the use of concurrent temozolomide (yes vs. no, P&amp;lt;0.05) all predicted for increased survival on univariate analysis. On multivariate analysis only age (P&amp;lt;0.03) and fDM (P&amp;lt;0.04) retained prognostic significance for overall survival. Radiologic response and fDM agreed in their stratification for 75% of patients. However, a composite index of response including both fDM at 3 weeks and RR at 10 weeks provided a more robust predictor of patient survival and may help identify patients where RR does not correlate with clinical outcome. Conclusions: Compared to conventional neuro-imaging, fDM provided an earlier assessment of equal predictive value during the course of treatment, providing the opportunity to individualize therapy. The combination of fDM and RR provided a more accurate prediction of patient survival than either metric alone.
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene transcription. Requirement for Sp1 and an EGF receptor-specific factor. (1988)

We have studied in vitro transcription of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor proto-oncogene using nuclear extracts of A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells, which overproduce the EGF receptor. With the in vitro system we found that Sp1 and other trans-acting factors bound to the EGF receptor promoter regions and are required for maximal expression. Fractionation showed that a DEAE-Sepharose fraction (BA) contained a novel factor, which specifically stimulated EGF receptor transcription 5- to 10-fold. The molecular mass of the native form of the factor is about 270-kDa based on its migration on Sephacryl S-300. This factor may activate transcription of the proto-oncogene through a weak or indirect interaction with the DNA template.
An acetylation site in lectin domain modulates the biological activity of polypeptide GalNAc-transferase-2 (2012)

Polypeptide GalNAc-transferases (ppGalNAc-Ts) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the initiation of mucin-type O-glycosylation. All ppGalNAc-T family members contain a common (QXW)3 motif, which is present in the R-type lectin group. The acetylation site K521 is part of the QKW motif of β-trefoil in the lectin domain of ppGalNAc-T2. We used a combination of acetylation and site-directed mutagenesis approaches to examine the functional role of K521 in ppGalNAc-T2. Binding assays of non-acetylated and acetylated forms of the mutant ppGalNAc-T2K521Q to various naked and αGalNAc-glycosylated mucin peptides indicated that the degree of interaction of lectin domain with αGalNAc depends on the peptide sequence of mucin. Studies of the inhibitory effect of various carbohydrates on the interactions of ppGalNAc-T2 with MUC1αGalNAc indicate that point K521Q mutation enhance the carbohydrate specificity of lectin domain for αGalNAc. K521Q mutation resulted in an enzyme activity lower than that of the wild-type ppGalNAc-T2, similar to the acetylation of ppGalNAc-T2. We conclude that an acetylation site in the QKW motif of the lectin domain modulates carbohydrate recognition specificity and catalytic activity of ppGalNAc-T2 for partially preglycosylated acceptors and a certain naked peptide. Posttranslational modifications of ppGalNAc-Ts, such as acetylation, may play key roles in modulating the functions of the R-type lectin domains in cellular homeostasis.
Analysis of Hot-Carrier Luminescence for Infrared Single-Photon Upconversion and Readout (2007)

We propose and analyze a new method for single-photon wavelength up-conversion using optical coupling between a primary infrared (IR) single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) and a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) silicon SPAD, which are fused through a silicon dioxide passivation layer. A primary IR photon induces an avalanche in the IR SPAD. The photons produced by hot-carrier recombination are subsequently sensed by the silicon SPAD, thus, allowing for on-die data processing. Because the devices are fused through their passivation layers, lattice mismatch issues between the semiconductor materials are avoided. We develop a model for calculating the conversion efficiency of the device, and use realistic device parameters to estimate up to 97% upconversion efficiency and 33% system efficiency, limited by the IR detector alone. The new scheme offers a low-cost means to manufacture dense IR-SPAD arrays, while significantly reducing their afterpulsing. We show that this high-speed compact method for upconverting IR photons is feasible and efficient.
Latent Distribution Assumption for Unbiased and Consistent Consensus Modelling (2019)

We study the problem of aggregation noisy labels. Usually, it is solved by proposing a stochastic model for the process of generating noisy labels and then estimating the model parameters using the observed noisy labels. A traditional assumption underlying previously introduced generative models is that each object has one latent true label. In contrast, we introduce a novel latent distribution assumption, implying that a unique true label for an object might not exist, but rather each object might have a specific distribution generating a latent subjective label each time the object is observed. Our experiments showed that the novel assumption is more suitable for difficult tasks, when there is an ambiguity in choosing a "true" label for certain objects.
First-in-Humans Evaluation of a PD-L1–Binding Peptide PET Radiotracer in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2021)

<sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 is a peptide-based PET imaging agent. We conducted a first-in-human study of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 for PET to study the in vivo biodistribution, metabolism, radiation dosimetry, safety, and potential for quantifying programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression levels in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). <b>Methods:</b> In vitro assessment of the PD-L1 expression and cellular uptake of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 was performed, followed by in vivo evaluation of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 uptake in mouse models with tumors. Nine patients with NSCLC with lesions expressing PD-L1 were enrolled and monitored for adverse events during the study. <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 and paired <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT imaging were performed. Uptake (SUV, SUL [SUV<sub>lean</sub>], and kBq/mL) values of tumors and normal organs were obtained. Radiopharmaceutical biodistribution, radiation dosimetry, and the relationship of tumor uptake to PD-L1 expression were evaluated. Follow-up <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET/CT was performed in patients who had undergone treatment with a combination of pembrolizumab with chemotherapy. <b>Results:</b><sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 exhibited PD-L1-specific uptake in vitro and in PD-L1-positive tumors in vivo. <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 PET imaging proved safe with acceptable radiation dosimetry. Physiologic tracer uptake was mainly visible in the liver, spleen, small intestine, and kidney. Tumors were clearly visible, particularly in the lungs, with a tumor-to-lung ratio of 4.45 ± 1.89 at 1 h. One hour was a suitable time point for image acquisition because no significant differences were noted in tumor-to-background ratios between 1 and 2 h. A strong, positive correlation was found between tumor uptake (SUV<sub>peak</sub>) and PD-L1 immunohistochemistry results (<i>r</i> = 0.9349; <i>P</i> = 0.002). <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 and <sup>18</sup>F-FDG PET studies suggest that PD-L1 PET before therapy may indicate the therapeutic efficacy of pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy combination treatment. <b>Conclusion:</b> Our first-in-human findings demonstrate the safety and feasibility of <sup>68</sup>Ga-NOTA-WL12 for noninvasive, in vivo detection of tumor PD-L1 expression levels, indicating potential benefits for clinical PD-L1 therapy.
P‐17.5: The Performance Improvement of BD‐Cell Display Module in Automotive Area (2021)

Since BOE Dual Cell (BD‐Cell) display technology was successfully mass‐produced on TV products in 2019, BOE has gradually expanded it in various fields such as industrial control, medical, and automotive. BD‐Cell products just a new application in LCD display which has been successfully used in automotive area. It can meet reliability test and achieve ultra‐high contrast, about 100000:1, which can compared with OLED products in visual result. However, in the process of technology development, we found that its stacked screen structure will have some unique problems, such as moiré defect, large viewing angle halo, and large power consumption. The structure of BD‐Cell module that has been sent sample to Visteon as shown in figure 1–1.
Lasermesstechnik (2020)

No AccessHandbuch Bauelemente der OptikJan 2020LasermesstechnikMartin Löffler-MangMartin Löffler-Manghttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446461260.023SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2020Pages: 741-760Print ISBN: 978-3-446-46032-4eISBN: 978-3-446-46126-0 Copyright & Permissions© 2020 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Wavelength-division multiplexing and demultiplexing using monolithic wavelength-chirped VCSEL anti resonance-enhanced photodetector arrays (1998)

Summary form only given. Monolithic arrays of graded multiple wavelength sources and wavelength-selective photodetectors are useful for various wavelength-division-multiplexed (WDM) applications. Wavelength multiplexed channels from a multiwavelength VCSEL array can either be separated by a passive demultiplexer or fanned out to different receivers to be detected by wavelength-selective photodetectors.
Correcting show-through effects on document images by multiscale analysis (2003)

This paper describes a new approach to restoring color document images where the back image shows through the paper sheet. A new framework is presented for correcting show-through components using digital image processing techniques. First, the foreground components at the front are separated from the background and back components through locally adaptive binarization for each color component and edge magnitude thresholding. Background colors are estimated locally through color thresholding to generate a restored image, and then corrected adaptively through a multi-scale analysis along with comparison of edge distributions between the original and restored images. The proposed method is able to correct the redundant image components by analysing the front image alone. Experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Implementation of MR-guided multi-frequency NIR diffuse optical tomography for breast imaging (2010)

We describe the implementation of a multi-modality imaging platform, which integrates a multi-frequency, multi-wavelength optical tomography system with a 3.0 T MRI scanner to obtain the additional diagnostic information of suspicious breast lesions.
Spin Wave Based Full Adder (2021)

Spin Waves (SWs) propagate through magnetic waveguides and interfere with each other without consuming noticeable energy, which opens the road to new ultra-low energy circuit designs. In this paper we build upon SW features and propose a novel energy efficient Full Adder (FA) design consisting of The FA 1 Majority and 2 XOR gates, which outputs Sum and Carry-out are generated by means of threshold and phase detection, respectively. We validate our proposal by means of MuMax3 micromagnetic simulations and we evaluate and compare its performance with state-of-the-art SW, 22nm CMOS, Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ), Spin Hall Effect (SHE), Domain Wall Motion (DWM), and Spin-CMOS implementations. Our evaluation indicates that the proposed SW FA consumes 22.5% and 43% less energy than the direct SW gate based and 22nm CMOS counterparts, respectively. Moreover it exhibits a more than 3 orders of magnitude smaller energy consumption when compared with state-of-the-art MTJ, SHE, DWM, and Spin-CMOS based FAs, and outperforms its contenders in terms of area by requiring at least 22% less chip real-estate.
Long-Chain Fatty Acids Elicit a Bitterness-Masking Effect on Quinine and Other Nitrogenous Bitter Substances by Formation of Insoluble Binary Complexes (2015)

We have previously found that fatty acids can mask the bitterness of certain nitrogenous substances through direct molecular interactions. Using isothermal titration calorimetry, we investigated the interactions between sodium oleate and 22 bitter substances. The hydrochloride salts of quinine, promethazine, and propranolol interacted strongly with fatty acids containing 12 or more carbon atoms. The (1)H NMR spectra of these substances, obtained in the presence of the sodium salts of the fatty acids in dimethyl sulfoxide, revealed the formation of hydrogen bonds between the nitrogen atoms of the bitter substances and the carboxyl groups of the fatty acids. When sodium laurate and the hydrochloride salt of quinine were mixed in water, an equimolar complex formed as insoluble heterogeneous needlelike crystals. These results suggested that fatty acids interact directly with bitter substances through hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions to form insoluble binary complexes that mask bitterness.
Symmetrical Ketones from Aldehyde Trimethylsilyl Enol Ethers on Storage: A Cautionary Note (1980)

Abstract The widespread use of trialkylsilyl enol ethers has dramatically increased the utility of enolate anion chemistry.1 These enol ethers are readily prepared, reactive, and in many instances are stable enough to be commercially available. We have been using trimethylsilyl enol ethers as aldehyde enolate precursors and wish to report some observations regarding storage of these 1-alkyl-2-trimethylsilyloxyethenes. We have noted that after 2–3 months in sealed glass ampuoles these trimethylsilyl enol ethers contained significant amounts of symmetrical ketones.
In vivo imaging of rat experimental invasive pulmonary aspergillosis using fibred confocal fluorescence microscopy (2011)

International audience
IRA2, an upstream negative regulator of RAS in yeast, is a RAS GTPase-activating protein. (1991)

The ras GTPase-activating protein (GAP), identified and characterized in mammalian cells, stimulates the intrinsic GTPase activity of ras proteins. We have previously proposed that the IRA genes, negative regulators of RAS genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, encode yeast homologs of the mammalian GAP. In this paper, we present the following evidence that a product of the IRA2 gene exhibits GAP activity similar to that of the mammalian GAP protein. (i) Extracts of yeast cells overexpressing IRA2 stimulated the GTPase activity of the yeast RAS2 protein. (ii) An epitope for a monoclonal antibody (12CA5) was added to the N terminus of the IRA2 protein. The GAP activity of extracts prepared from cells expressing this fusion protein was shown to be immunoprecipitable by 12CA5. (iii) An IRA2 protein fused to glutathione S-transferase (GST) was produced and partially purified from Escherichia coli cells. GAP activity was detected with this purified GST-IRA2 fusion protein. (iv) The GAP activity of IRA2 proteins described above did not stimulate the GTPase activity of the RAS2Val19 protein, a protein having an amino acid alteration analogous to that found in mammalian oncogenic ras proteins. This result parallels studies showing that mammalian GAP is incapable of stimulating the GTPase activity of mammalian oncogenic proteins. The remarkable conservation between the GAP activity in mammalian and yeast cells supports the idea that the function of GAP is to negatively regulate ras proteins in mammalian cells.
Sialic Acid Utilisation and Synthesis in the Neonatal Rat Revisited (2009)

Our results support the views that (i) when milk sialic acid levels are high, in the colon this sialic acid is catabolized to GlcNAc that in turn may be used as such or used as substrate for sialic acid synthesis and (ii) when milk sialic acid levels are low the endogenous sialic acid synthetic machinery in colon is activated.
Measurement and Modeling of Extra-Column Effects Due to Injection and Connections in Capillary Liquid Chromatography (2015)

As column volumes continue to decrease, extra-column band broadening has become an increasingly important consideration when determining column performance. Combined contributions due to the injector and connecting tubing in a capillary LC system were measured and found to be larger than expected by Taylor-Aris theory. Variance from sigma-type and tau-type broadening was isolated from eluted peaks using the Foley-Dorsey Exponentially Modified Gaussian peak fitting model and confirmed with computational fluid dynamics. It was found that the tau-type contributions were the main cause for the excessive broadening because of poorly-swept volumes at the connection between the injector and tubing. To reduce tau-type contributions (and peak tailing), a timed pinch mode could be used for analyte injection.
The Italian Experience of A Restrictive IVF Law: A Review (2012)

In March 2004 the Italian Parliament enacted a Law (Law 40/2004) establishing a long list of restrictions for ART procedures. The law articles were constructed around the assumption of considering the embryo as a human being, with the same or even more rights of the woman or the couple seeking treatment for their infertility-related childless. In detail, the Law obliged to use only 3 oocytes to be fertilised and all the resulting embryos had to be transferred. Embryo freezing as well as pre implantation screening (PGS) or diagnosis (PGD) and sperm or oocytes donation were forbidden. In May 2009 the Italian Constitutional Court was called to judge parts of the Law 40 and cancelled some of the restrictions since they violated women’s rights to have access to the best possible treatment with the lower health risks for both her and the future children. The Constitutional Court stated that the decision on the number of oocytes to be used for insemination, the embryos to be transferred and the embryos to be frozen were a matter of good clinical practice and under the full responsibility of the reproductive specialist. PGD and PGS remains a matter of debate because the Court was not called specifically to address this subject, although a clear opinion in favour has been expressed in previous decisions. The Constitutional Court will be called only in the future to express a judgement on gametes donation that is still forbidden. The present work reviews the clinical and social effects produced by 5 years of a restrictive ART Law (2004-2009); the preliminary results after the Italian Constitutional Court decision (May – December 2009 and comments on cross border infertility treatment for procedures that are still barred.
A new control system for the capacitive energy storage of the GOL-3 multiple-mirror trap (2017)

A new control system for capacitive energy storage with a rated energy content as high as 16 MJ is described. Capacitive energy storage has been used since 1987 to supply power for the pulsed magnetic system of the GOL-3 multiple-mirror trap. It has an operating voltage of 6 kV and consists of 6000 IK-6-150 capacitors that are located in six remote rooms together with the necessary infrastructure. The system for control and data acquisition was built using Arduino microcontroller boards operating as a distributed network of remote servers. The client part of the control system uses a personal computer with a standard configuration; communication with remote servers is effected by the TCP/IP protocol. The control system was put into regular operation at devices of the GOL-3 facility in the early 2016.
Menadione-Induced DNA Damage Leads to Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Fragmentation During Rosette Formation in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy (2016)

MN induced rosette formation, along with mtDNA and nDNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and fragmentation, leading to activation of the intrinsic apoptosis via caspase cleavage and cytochrome c release. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 1072-1083.