gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coxsackievirus B4 infection of murine foetal thymus organ cultures (2008)

The infection of foetal thymus with coxsackievirus B4 (CV-B4) E2 has been studied ex vivo by using CD-1 mice on foetal day 14, as a ready source of organs for experimentation to investigate the hypothesis of the role of thymic viral infections in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. The replication of CV-B4 E2 in murine foetal thymus organ cultures has been demonstrated by evaluating the levels of positive- and negative-stranded viral RNA in cells by using a real-time quantitative RT-PCR method and by determining titres of infectious viral particles in culture supernatants for 7 days post-infection (p.i.). Staining of tissue sections with an anti-cytokeratin antibody and haematoxylin-eosin showed that CV-B4 infection had no visible effect on cell survival and organ integrity. Cell counts in mock- and virus-infected foetal thymus organ cultures increased from day 1 through day 7, and live cell numbers were comparable in both conditions as shown by Trypan blue exclusion test and 7-amino-actinomycin D staining of thymocytes. Compared with controls on day 7 p.i., cytofluorometric analyses on cells from CV-B4 E2-infected foetal thymus organ cultures displayed a marked increase in the percentage of the most immature CD3(-)CD4(-)CD8(-) thymocytes, and a decrease in the percentage of immature CD3(-)CD4(+)CD8(+) cells, together with an increase in the percentage of mature CD3(+)CD4(+) and CD3(+)CD8(+) cells. These data show that CV-B4 E2 disturbs T-cell maturation and differentiation processes in infected murine foetal thymus organ cultures and provide evidence of a suitable system to investigate the effect of viruses in T-cell differentiation.
RF signals and systems (2018)

Focusing on the core topics of radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs) and system design, this textbook provides the in-depth coverage and detailed mathematical analyses needed to gain a thorough understanding of the subject. Throughout, theory is linked to practice with real-world application examples; practical design guidance is also offered, covering the pros and cons of various topologies, and preparing students for future work in industry. Written for graduate courses on RFICs, this uniquely intuitive and practical book will also be of value to practising RFIC and system designers. Key topics covered include RF components, signals and systems, two-ports, noise, distortion, low-noise amplifiers, mixers, oscillators, power amplifiers, and transceiver architectures. Lecture slides and a solutions manual for instructors are provided online to complete the course package.
Non‐specific effects of methyl ketone peptide inhibitors of caspases (1999)

Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases which play a crucial role in apoptosis and inflammation. The involvement of caspases in these processes can be demonstrated by their irreversible inhibition with fluoromethyl ketone and chloromethyl ketone derivatives of peptides resembling the cleavage site of known caspase substrates. These inhibitors irreversibly alkylate the cysteine residue in the active site of caspases. In this study we show that a biotinylated fluoromethyl ketone peptide inhibitor of caspases (z-VAD.fmk) also efficiently affinity-labeled cathepsin B and cathepsin H. In addition, the caspase inhibitors z-VAD.fmk, z-DEVD.fmk and Ac-YVAD.cmk also efficiently inhibited cathepsin B activity in vitro and in tissue culture cells at concentrations that are generally used to demonstrate the involvement of caspases.
Asymmetry of carrier transport leading to efficiency droop in GaInN based light-emitting diodes (2012)

We present experimental evidence that the asymmetry in carrier concentration and mobility cause efficiency droop in GaInN/GaN pn-junction LEDs. Efficiency droop is measured for a wide range of temperatures, showing increased droop at 80 K.
Risk Factors for Subsidence Following Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion (2022)

Factors contributing to subsidence in ALIF included older age, higher BMI, severe ASA, and osteoporosis, while anterior cage placement remained the only independent predictor on multivariate analysis. Subsidence was associated with a higher rate of subsequent adjacent segment surgery. Surgical technique should optimize placement of the interbody cage and avoid overstuffing the disc space.
Comparative Chemical Study and Cytotoxic Activity of Uvariodendron angustifolium Essential Oils from Benin (2014)

This study aimed to compare the chemical composition of volatile extracts obtained by hydrodistillation of leaves, stems, bark and roots of Uvariodendron angustifolium (Engl. & Diels) R. E. Fries. The essential oils, obtained with yields between 0.12 and 0.66%, were analyzed by GC/FID and GC/MS. A great variability in the chemical composition was observed depending on the plant part treated. The essential oils obtained from leaves and stems contained mainly neral (29.7-30.5%) and geranial (42.9-47.3%), while methyl eugenol was the major component of the volatile extracts from bark (68.3%) and roots (85.3%). Interesting cytotoxic properties of these essential oils on human breast cancer cells MCF-7 were demonstrated.
Comparison of different detection algorithms for OFDM-CDMA in broadband Rayleigh fading (2002)

The orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission technique applied in a multipath environment has a bit error rate (BER) comparable with a narrowband radio channel because the fading of each subcarrier is frequency-nonselective. To overcome this behavior and to reduce the BER a combination of OFDM and CDMA has been previously proposed. In this case the information bits are spread over many subcarriers. The present authors discuss the performance of OFDM-CDMA with BPSK or QPSK signalling over a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading channel. An important question is the detection strategy in an OFDM-CDMA system. The authors make a quantitative comparison of different detection algorithms: conventional correlation (equal gain, EGC), orthogonality restoring correlation (ORC), ORC with a threshold in order to suppress subcarriers with low signal strength (TORC) and an iterative improvement based on a maximum likelihood approach. With TORC and an optimal threshold a gain of more than 8 dB over conventional OFDM can be obtained at p/sub b/=10/sup -3/, if the fading of subcarriers is uncorrelated.
Evaporative derivatization of phenols with 2‐sulfobenzoic anhydride for detection by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2014)

Evaporative derivatization with SBA (a convenient reagent) can improve the detection of phenols with relatively high pKa values (above 9) by negative ion MALDI-TOF-MS, and accomplish this in the absence of post-derivatization reaction cleanup.
Microtomography and improved resolution in cathodoluminescence microscopy using confocal mirror optics (2004)

Cathodoluminescence in scanning electron microscopy observed using an ellipsoidal confocal light collector system can offer improved resolution and an implementation of microtomography. With this signal collection system, the resolution limit is no longer determined by the beam and specimen properties but by the system optics. This possibility is demonstrated by the modeling of light transport in cathodoluminescent materials and in the ellipsoidal confocal system which collects the light emission. The conditions for the high-resolution three-dimensional visualization of microstructure within the generation volume of cathodoluminescence emission is described.
Hierarchical self-tolerance to T cell determinants within the ubiquitous nuclear self-antigen La (SS-B) permits induction of systemic autoimmunity in normal mice. (1996)

Systemic autoimmune diseases are frequently associated with clustering of high titer autoantibody responses towards nuclear self-antigens. Little is known, however, about the extent of immune tolerance to the target nuclear antigens or the events leading to the complex autoantibody responses that are characteristic of systemic autoimmunity. To address these issues, we have examined the mouse immune response to La autoantigen (mLa) and the homologous human La antigen (hLa), which are components of the La(SS-B)/Ro(SS-A) ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex targeted in systemic lupus erythematosus and primary Sjögren's syndrome. The findings reveal the presence of hierarchical T cell tolerance involving multiple autodeterminants within the La autoantigen expressed by normal H-2k and H-2a mice. At one end of this spectrum, there was no detectable T or B cell autoimmunity observed in mice that were immunized with the immunodominant mLa287-301 determinant, which differed by a single residue in its core sequence from the homologous but highly immunogenic human La288-302 determinant. Interestingly, the mLa287-301 peptide acted as an altered peptide ligand that specifically antagonized the activation of an hLa288-302-specific T cell hybridoma. In contrast to the tolerogenic mLa287-301 determinant, a range of autoimmune potential was identified among poorly tolerizing, subdominant self-peptides present within mouse La autoantigen. Notably, immunization of normal mice with the autologous subdominant La25-44 and La106-129 determinants resulted in limited or no detectable autoantibody response. In contrast, immunization with the subdominant mouse La13-30 determinant induced a proliferative T cell response associated with the appearance of specific autoantibodies recognizing multiple intrastructural (La) and intermolecular components (Ro) of the murine La/Ro RNP. The findings suggest how diversified autoimmunity might follow initiation of immunity to simple peptide mimics of poorly tolerogenic determinants that are present within ubiquitous self-antigens.
A Reconfigurable DCS1800/W-CDMA LNA: Design and Implementation Issues (2006)

We present in this article a dual-standard dual-mode low-noise amplifier (LNA) for DCS1800/W-CDMA-FDD applications. In order to save die area compared to conventional parallel LNAs, we have used an alternative circuit configuration. It consists of sharing the most die consuming elements (inductances) in both operation standards, enabling a more compact solution. The mode and standard selection is performed through a bias scheme (MOS switches) that allows alternating between the two involved standards. The LNA die area is 1.0 times 1.2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 </sup> and it consumes 6.8mW (3.8mA under 1.8V), including bias circuitry
LATEST TRENDS IN MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGING TECHNOLOGY (2008)

This paper overviews the latest trends of millimeter- wave (MMW) imaging technologies, focusing mainly on applications of and technical parameter variations for security surveillance and nondestructive inspections (NDI). We introduce a smart NDI tool using active W-band imaging, which is capable of detecting hidden surface cracks in concrete structures.
Prediction of radiated emissions from microstrip components for RF/microwave circuits using measurement of common-mode current (2013)

This work presents a novel method of using a vector network analyzer with a bulk current injection probe to measure the common-mode current of microstrip components in a RF/microwave circuit. Based on the proposed measurement, the far-field radiated emissions are determined, which correlate with measurements obtained in a fully-anechoic chamber. In this study, the proposed method is developed to determine the radiated emissions from a microstrip resonator and a microstrip bandpass filter. Full-wave electromagnetic simulations demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed measurement.
Photovoltaic restoration of sight with high visual acuity in rats with retinal degeneration (2015)

Patients with retinal degeneration lose sight due to gradual demise of photoreceptors. Electrical stimulation of the surviving retinal neurons provides an alternative route for delivery of visual information. Subretinal photovoltaic arrays with 70&mu;m pixels were used to convert pulsed near-IR light (880-915nm) into pulsed current to stimulate the nearby inner retinal neurons. Network-mediated responses of the retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) could be modulated by pulse width (1-20ms) and peak irradiance (0.5-10 mW/mm<sup>2</sup>). Similarly to normal vision, retinal response to prosthetic stimulation exhibited flicker fusion at high frequencies, adaptation to static images, and non-linear spatial summation. Spatial resolution was assessed in-vitro and in-vivo using alternating gratings with variable stripe width, projected with rapidly pulsed illumination (20-40Hz). In-vitro, average size of the electrical receptive fields in normal retina was 248&plusmn;59&mu;m – similar to their visible light RF size: 249&plusmn;44&mu;m. RGCs responded to grating stripes down to 67&mu;m using photovoltaic stimulation in degenerate rat retina, and 28&mu;m with visible light in normal retina. In-vivo, visual acuity in normally-sighted controls was 29&plusmn;5&mu;m/stripe, vs. 63&plusmn;4&mu;m/stripe in rats with subretinal photovoltaic arrays, corresponding to 20/250 acuity in human eye. With the enhanced acuity provided by eye movements and perceptual learning in human patients, visual acuity might exceed the 20/200 threshold of legal blindness. Ease of implantation and tiling of these wireless arrays to cover a large visual field, combined with their high resolution opens the door to highly functional restoration of sight.
Identification of Undiagnosed Hyperlipidemia: Do Work Site Screening Programs Work? (2016)

Workplace health screenings in an insured population were associated with a subsequent increase in physician visits and prescriptions for hyperlipidemia. After 1 year, significant improvements in total cholesterol and LDL levels were observed among individuals who screened positive for hyperlipidemia.
Evaluation of Formalin-Fixed and FFPE Tissues for Spatially Resolved Metabolomics and Drug Distribution Studies (2022)

Fixation of samples is broadly used prior to the histological evaluation of tissue samples. Though recent reports demonstrated the ability to use fixed tissues for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) based proteomics, glycomics and tumor classification studies, to date comprehensive evaluation of fixation-related effects for spatially resolved metabolomics and drug disposition studies is still missing. In this study we used matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) and desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) MSI to investigate the effect of formalin-fixation and formalin-fixation combined with paraffin embedding on the detectable metabolome including xenobiotics. Formalin fixation was found to cause significant washout of polar molecular species, including inorganic salts, amino acids, organic acids and carnitine species, oxidation of endogenous lipids and formation of reaction products between lipids and fixative ingredients. The slow fixation kinetics under ambient conditions resulted in increased lipid hydrolysis in the tissue core, correlating with the time-dependent progression of the fixation. Paraffin embedding resulted in subsequent partial removal of structural lipids resulting in the distortion of the elucidated biodistributions.
Abstract 5629: Preclinical characterization of Sym023 a human anti-TIM3 antibody with a novel mechanism of action (2018)

Abstract Immunotherapy has become a major focus of research in oncology and blockade of immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Associated Protein 4 (CTLA4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1) has been some of the most successful immunotherapies. The next wave of immunomodulatory targets that are being explored for cancer therapy include T cell immunoglobulin and mucin domain protein 3 (TIM3). TIM3 is constitutively expressed on cells of myeloid origin whereas the TIM3 expression is induced on T-cells upon activation. The exact function of TIM3 on the different immune cells is not clear and may be context dependent suggesting that TIM3 is not a classical immune check-point. Sym023 is a human anti-TIM3 antibody, which binds human TIM3 and cross-reacts with cynomolgus monkey TIM3. Sym023 blocks binding of phosphatidyl serine but not galectin 9 and stimulates T-cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte reactions and tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Here, we present data demonstrating that ligation of TIM3 by Sym023 increase cytokine production and T cell proliferation in vitro through a novel mechanism of action. Citation Format: Trine Lindsted, Monika Gad, Michael V. Grandal, Camilla Frölich, Vikram K. Bhatia, Torben Gjetting, Johan Lantto, Ivan D. Horak, Michael Kragh, Klaus Koefoed, Mikkel W. Pedersen. Preclinical characterization of Sym023 a human anti-TIM3 antibody with a novel mechanism of action [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5629.
Five Stilbene Glucosides from Gnetum gnemonoides and Gnetum africanum (2002)

Five new stilbene glucosides, gnemonosides F, G, H, I, and J were isolated from the stem lianas of Gnetum gnemonoides Brongn and Gnetum africanum Welw along with nine known stilbenoids. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated as gnetin E 4a,4b,4c-O-β-triglucopyranoside (2), gnetin E 4a,4c-O-β-diglucopyranoside (3), gnetin C 4a,4b,11a-O-β-triglucopyranoside (4), gnetin D 4a,4b-O-β-diglucopyranoside (5), and gnetuhainin A 4a,4b-O-β-diglucopyranoside (6) on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.
Nitrogen and phosphorusas major factors shaping microbial community structures in surface sediments in Xiangxi River, Three Gorges Reservoir (2023)

香溪河是三峡库区最大的入库支流,目前关于香溪河沉积物微生物群落结构特征及其主要影响因素尚不明确。本研究监测香溪河上、中、下游上覆水及沉积物的主要理化指标,通过16S rDNA高通量测序研究香溪河表层沉积物中微生物群落结构特征,使用统计学软件分析细菌与理化指标间的关系。结果表明,上覆水中氨氮(NH<sub>3</sub>-N)、叶绿素a(Chl.a)浓度自下游向上游逐渐升高,其中NH<sub>3</sub>-N浓度从下游的2.04 mg/L升高到上游的3.14 mg/L。不同点位上覆水中磷酸盐(PO<sup>3-</sup><sub>4</sub>)浓度在0.14~0.18 mg/L之间波动;同一点位间隙水中NH<sub>3</sub>-N、PO<sup>3-</sup><sub>4</sub>浓度明显高于上覆水,10~15 cm沉积物间隙水中NH<sub>3</sub>-N与PO<sup>3-</sup><sub>4</sub>浓度分别是0~5 cm沉积物间隙水的3.4倍和1.7倍。沉积物中Fe(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅲ)、酸可挥发性硫化物和铬还原性硫化物含量均表现为上游点位高于中游、下游,底层沉积物含量高于中层和表层。香溪河中游沉积物的微生物多样性和丰富度高于下游和上游,其中变形菌门(Proteobacteria)是表层沉积物中的优势菌门,鞘脂单胞菌属(Sphingomonas)为主要菌属。不同代谢功能的微生物在空间分布上存在差异,比如具有降解多环芳烃能力的外新鞘脂菌属(Novosphingobium)和土生单胞菌属(Terrimonas)在下游点位的相对丰度最高,分别达到5.8%和5.4%,硝化螺旋菌属(Nitrospira)和黄杆菌属(Flavobacterium)在中游的相对丰度最高,而铁氧化菌水杆菌属(Aquabacterium)主要分布在上游点位。冗余分析(RDA)表明总有机碳、硫酸根、Fe(Ⅱ)、氨氮和总磷是影响香溪河沉积物中微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。本研究有助于进一步了解周边环境和人为活动对香溪河水质稳定及沉积物中微生物的影响,为三峡库区水环境改善和管理提供参考。
Characterizing accuracy of total hemoglobin recovery using contrast-detail analysis in 3D image-guided near infrared spectroscopy with the boundary element method (2010)

The quantification of total hemoglobin concentration (HbT) obtained from multi-modality image-guided near infrared spectroscopy (IG-NIRS) was characterized using the boundary element method (BEM) for 3D image reconstruction. Multi-modality IG-NIRS systems use a priori information to guide the reconstruction process. While this has been shown to improve resolution, the e(R)ect on quantitative accuracy is unclear. Here, through systematic contrast-detail analysis, the fidelity of IG-NIRS in quantifying HbT was examined using 3D simulations. These simulations show that HbT could be recovered for medium sized (20mm in 100mm total diameter) spherical inclusions with an average error of 15%, for the physiologically relevant situation of 2:1 or higher contrast between background and inclusion. Using partial 3D volume meshes to reduce the ill-posed nature of the image reconstruction, inclusions as small as 14 mm could be accurately quantified with less than 15% error, for contrasts of 1.5 or higher. This suggests that 3D IG-NIRS provides quantitatively accurate results for sizes seen early in treatment cycle of patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy when the tumors are larger than 30 mm.
Dendritic Cell PD-L1 Limits Autoimmunity and Follicular T Cell Differentiation and Function (2018)

Abstract The programmed death (PD)-1 coinhibitory receptor regulates the balance between T cell activation and tolerance. Although the PD-1 ligands, PD-L1 and PD-L2, are expressed on a variety of cell types, the cell type–specific functions of PD-1 ligands in inducing signals through PD-1 are unknown. In this study, we use PD-L1 conditional knockout mice to investigate the cell type–specific functions of PD-L1. We demonstrate that PD-L1 expressed on dendritic cells (DCs), and to a lesser extent on B cells, attenuates the progression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and inhibits naive and effector T cells. PD-1 is highly expressed on effector populations, including T follicular helper (Tfh) cells and T follicular regulatory (Tfr) cells, which reside in germinal centers. We also show that DC PD-L1 is essential for limiting Tfh and Tfr cell differentiation. In addition, we find that PD-1 suppresses Tfh cell differentiation and help for Ig class switching, even in the presence of wild-type Tfr cells. Our work points to critical roles for PD-L1 expressed on DCs in mediating PD-1 functions.
Identification of Protein Kinases and Protein Phosphatases Involved in CTL Effector Functions. “ON” and “OFF” Signaling and Immunopharmacological Implications (1993)

Biochemical studies of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) effector functions, the description of molecular requirements, and the enzymes needed for CTL-induced target cell (TC) death are likely to shed light on the mechanisms and individual participants of practically all steps of CTL-TC interactions (Lancki et al., 1986). These mechanisms include conjugate formation, lethal hit delivery, and events leading to TC death. Identification of important regulatory molecules will also provide key targets for immunomodulation and allow for design of specific pharmacological agents.
Sparsity Constrained Nonlinear Optimization: Optimality Conditions and\n Algorithms (2012)

This paper treats the problem of minimizing a general continuously\ndifferentiable function subject to sparsity constraints. We present and analyze\nseveral different optimality criteria which are based on the notions of\nstationarity and coordinate-wise optimality. These conditions are then used to\nderive three numerical algorithms aimed at finding points satisfying the\nresulting optimality criteria: the iterative hard thresholding method and the\ngreedy and partial sparse-simplex methods. The first algorithm is essentially a\ngradient projection method while the remaining two algorithms are of coordinate\ndescent type. The theoretical convergence of these methods and their relations\nto the derived optimality conditions are studied. The algorithms and results\nare illustrated by several numerical examples.\n
Post-polysilicon gate-proces-induced degradation on thin gate oxide (1995)

The post-polysilicon gate-process-induced degradation on the underlying gate oxide is studied. The degradation includes an increase in the electron trapping rate and a decrease in the charge-to-breakdown, Q/sub bd/, of the gate oxide. It is found that N/sub 2/O nitrided gate oxide is more robust than O/sub 2/ gate oxide in resisting the degradation. Also, to grow a thin polyoxide on the polysilicon-gate in N/sub 2/O rather than in O/sub 2/ lessens the degradation on the underlying gate oxide. It is nitrogen, which diffuses through the polysilicon gate and piles up at both polysilicon/oxide and oxide/silicon-substrate interfaces, that improves the oxide quality for the N/sub 2/O process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>