gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Core−Shell-Structured Highly Branched Poly(ethylenimine amide)s:  Synthesis and Structure (2005)

The synthesis of amphiphilic macromolecules by amidation of hyperbranched polyethylenimine was studied. Amidation with palmitic acid or the methyl ester proceeds up to 84% degree of amidation (140 °C, vacuum). The primary amine end groups react preferentially. With carbonyldiimidazole (CDI)-activated acids nearly complete conversion of all primary amine end groups and secondary amine linear units can be achieved; with a corresponding limited amount of CDI the end groups can be amidated selectively. The products of these reactions are free of any unreacted carboxylic acid or other impurities (1H and 13C NMR) and can be optionally purified by pressure ultrafiltration washing with a toluene/amine solution. Side-chain crystallization is observed (DSC), which can be supressed entirely employing branched alkyl moieties (2-hexyldecanoic acid as amidating agent). Solution structures were studied by SANS. In C6D6 radii of gyration of 2−5 nm (Guinier analysis) were observed for samples differing in PEI core molecular weight. These sizes and their observed independence of concentration in the range of 5−40 g L-1 indicate the presence of nonaggregated unimolecular inverted micelles.
A Generic Storage API (2010)

We present a generic API suitable for provision of highly generic storage facilities that can be tailored to produce various individually customised storage infrastructures. The paper identifies a candidate set of minimal storage system building blocks, which are sufficiently simple to avoid encapsulating policy where it cannot be customised by applications, and composable to build highly flexible storage architectures. Four main generic components are defined: the store, the namer, the caster and the interpreter. It is hypothesised that these are sufficiently general that they could act as building blocks for any information storage and retrieval system. The essential characteristics of each are defined by an interface, which may be implemented by multiple implementing classes.
The use of PYP scan for evaluation of ATTR cardiac amyloidosis at a tertiary medical centre (2022)

Cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR) is an often underdiagnosed disease that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality for patients. In recent years, technetium-99m pyrophosphate scintigraphy (PYP) imaging has become a standard of care diagnostic tool to help clinicians identify this disease. With newly emerging therapies for ATTR cardiomyopathy, it is critical to identify patients who are eligible for therapy as early as possible. At our institution, we sought to describe the frequency of PYP scanning and how it has impacted the management of a patient suspected to have amyloid cardiomyopathy. Between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2020, we identified 273 patients who completed PYP scanning for evaluation of cardiac amyloidosis at Tufts Medical Center, a tertiary care centre. We reviewed pertinent clinical data for all study subjects. A PYP scan was considered positive when the heart to contralateral lung ratio was greater than or equal to 1.5, with a visual grade of 2 or 3, and confirmation with single-photon emission computerised tomography (SPECT) imaging. In total there were 55 positive, 202 negative, and 16 equivocal PYP scans. Endomyocardial biopsies were rarely performed following PYP results. Of the seven patients with a positive PYP scan who underwent biopsy, five were positive for ATTR amyloid; of the patients with a negative scan who were biopsied, none were positive for ATTR amyloidosis and two were positive for amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. The biomarkers troponin I, B-type naturietic peptide (BNP), and N-terminal pro-BNP (NT-proBNP), as well as the interventricular septal end-diastolic thickness (IVSd) seen on echocardiogram, were all found to be statistically higher in the PYP positive cohort than in the PYP negative cohort using Mann-Whitney U statistical analysis. In total, 27 out of the 55 patients with a positive PYP scan underwent therapy specific for cardiac amyloid. In conclusion, this study reinforces the clinical significance of the PYP scan in the diagnosis and management of cardiac amyloidosis. A positive scan allowed physicians to implement early amyloid-directed treatment while a negative scan encouraged physicians to pursue an alternative diagnosis.
Effects of Fuel Injection Events of Ethanol and Gasoline Blends on Boosted Direct-Injection Engine Performance (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of ethanol in increasing the thermal efficiency of gasoline-fueled spark ignition engines via the higher enthalpy of vaporization and higher knock resistance of ethanol compared with gasoline. This study expands on previous work by considering a split fuel injection strategy with a boosted direct injection spark ignition engine fueled with E0 (100% by volume reference grade gasoline; with research octane number = 91 and motor octane number = 83), E100 (100% by volume anhydrous ethanol), and various splash-blends of the two fuels. Experiments were performed using a production 3-cylinder Ford Ecoboost engine where two cylinders were de-activated to create a single-cylinder engine with a displacement of 0.33 L. The engine was operated over a range of loads with boosted intake manifold absolute pressure (MAP) from 1 bar to 1.5 bar. The fuel injection timing of single fuel injection events was varied at MAP = 1 bar using different blend ratios (E0, E30, E50, E85 and E100) to identify the range of injection timing corresponding to maximum thermal efficiency for each fuel blend.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The results indicated knock limited operation for E0 at MAP higher than 1 bar (boosted), whereas none of the ethanol blends was knock-limited even at the highest MAP tested. A split fuel injection strategy with 50% of the fuel mass in each of two injection events was investigated for the range of MAP conditions studied. The different fuel blends showed little sensitivity to the split injection strategy, which indicated fuel air mixing did not significantly affect combustion at the conditions studied. The highest gross indicated thermal efficiencies (GITE) of 38.4% were achieved with E85 and E100 at 1.1 and 1.2 bar MAP for an absolute improvement of 4% compared with baseline gasoline for the same intake pressures. The improvement in GITE scaled with the fraction of ethanol in the fuel blend. GT-Power simulations were used to evaluate the contributions of the enthalpy of vaporization and cooling effects on GITE. Comparison of the simulation results with the experimental data indicates the benefit of increasing GITE with increasing ethanol in the fuel blend is due to enthalpy of vaporization accounting (e.g. of liquid versus gas-phase fuel) and cooling effects on thermodynamic properties such as the ratio of specific heats.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Development of heart rate power spectra reveals neonatal peculiarities of cardiorespiratory control (1996)

Postnatal adaptation should be associated with changes in cardiac rhythmic behavior. To examine the development of heart rate variability, instantaneous heart rate (IHR) and the corresponding breathing signals of 16 healthy infants were analyzed. This was pursued by use of fast Fourier transformation beginning with the 1st day until the 6th mo of life. Power in the low-frequency range (LF, 0.02-0.2 Hz) and high-frequency range (HF, 0.2-1.5 Hz), total power (TP), the quotient LF/HF, and the frequency of the peak in LF and HF (LFF and HFF, respectively) were derived from the IHR spectrum. The peak frequency in HF (RF) was detected in the respiratory spectrum. Power and frequency of IHR rhythms undergo a marked development. TP, LF, and HF are lowest from the end of the 1st mo until the 2nd mo. LF predominates over HF, with LF/HF reaching its peak during 1- to 2-mo period. HF, recording respiratory related rhythms is negatively correlated with the breathing rate (BR). HFF and RF both show an increasing tendency during the 1st mo followed by a decrease down to the 6th mo. However, HFF is lower than RF if BR is high, mainly during the first 2 mo. The distinct changes in BR and its important influence on the IHR spectrum underscore the importance of monitoring respiration as a further measure in the diagnosis of infants. LFF is on average between 0.075 and 0.095 Hz, exhibiting an irregular course with minimum at the 10th, 21st-28th, and 90th day being apparent. The developmental pattern of LFF may by interpreted in terms of the maturation of the nervous system involved in the generation of circulatory rhythms.
Structure Development during Flow of Ternary Blends of a Polyamide (Nylon 46), a Thermotropic Liquid Crystalline Polymer (Poly(ester amide)), and a Thermoplastic Elastomer (EPDM) (1997)

It was shown that a fine fibril structure of a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (TLCP)(poly(ester amide)) can be developed in a shear flow field of a thermoplastic matrix (polyamide, nylon 46) when the viscosity of the latter is lower than that of the former. Addition of a third component, a functionalized elastomer (maleic anhydride grafted ethylene−propylene−diene terpolymer, MA-EPDM) that interacts with the matrix polymer (nylon 46) and the thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer, facilitates the structural development of the TLCP by acting as a compatibilizer at the interface. Maleic anhydride grafted to EPDM reacts with TLCP and nylon 46. Morphological observation determined the significance of compatibilization in immiscible polymer blends. The compatibilizer brings about good adhesion at the interface, reduces the droplet size, and enables finely dispersed liquid crystalline polymer to be deformed in shear flow without strong elongation even though the viscosity of the matrix was much lower than that of the liquid crystalline polymer. Fibrous structural development was observed in the edge area of the extruding strand without elongation and also in the central region with weak elongation. Mechanical properties were significantly improved by good adhesion and fibril generation, which were ascribed to the produced compatibilizer. These results have important implications in that they provide a means to produce strong and tough in situ composites when the viscosity of the matrix polymer is lower than that of a dispersed liquid crystalline polymer that is immiscible with the matrix polymer.
Joint optimization of DVFS and low-power sleep-state selection for mobile platforms (2014)

To provide the ultimate mobile user experience, extended battery life is critical to small form-factor mobile platforms such as smartphones and tablets. Dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) and low-power CPU/platform sleep states are commonly used power management features, as they allow dynamic control of power and performance to the time-varying needs of workloads. Despite the potential power saving benefit from synergistic integration of DVFS and sleep-state selection, it is challenging to optimize them jointly for mobile workloads (e.g., video streaming), and most existing work considers them only individually. To address this problem, we study joint optimization of CPU frequency (a.k.a. CPU P-states) and CPU/platform sleep-state selections to reduce energy consumption in mobile platforms. This joint optimization becomes feasible with advanced power management techniques and power aware software development methodologies that regulate (e.g., coalesce/align) system activities, making workload characteristics and system idle duration more deterministic and predictable. We then analyze the optimal operating state that minimizes the expected platform energy consumption based on workload characteristics, and present an algorithm to adapt to it at run time. Our evaluation results on mobile workloads show that the proposed scheme can reduce system power consumption by up to 24%, compared to the conventional CPU-utilization-based approach, which seeks mainly to minimize processor energy.
Spectroscopic detection of organolanthanide dihydrogen and olefin complexes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectroscopic detection of organolanthanide dihydrogen and olefin complexesSteven P. Nolan and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 22, 8538–8540Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00204a048https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00204a048research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views228Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm A}~6~{\mu{\rm W}}$</tex></formula> per Channel Analog Biomimetic Cochlear Implant Processor Filterbank Architecture With Across Channels AGC (2014)

A new analog cochlear implant processor filterbank architecture of increased biofidelity, enhanced across-channel contrast and very low power consumption has been designed and prototyped. Each channel implements a biomimetic, asymmetric bandpass-like One-Zero-Gammatone-Filter (OZGF) transfer function, using class-AB log-domain techniques. Each channel's quality factor and suppression are controlled by means of a new low power Automatic Gain Control (AGC) scheme which is coupled across the neighboring channels and emulates lateral inhibition (LI) phenomena in the auditory system. Detailed measurements from a five-channel silicon IC prototype fabricated in a 0.35 μm AMS technology confirm the operation of the coupled AGC scheme and its ability to enhance contrast among channel outputs. The prototype is characterized by an input dynamic range of 92 dB while consuming only 28 μW of power in total ( ∼ 6 μW per channel) under a 1.8 V power supply. The architecture is well-suited for fully-implantable cochlear implants.
MALDI imaging mass spectrometry: statistical data analysis and current computational challenges (2012)

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) imaging mass spectrometry, also called MALDI-imaging, is a label-free bioanalytical technique used for spatially-resolved chemical analysis of a sample. Usually, MALDI-imaging is exploited for analysis of a specially prepared tissue section thaw mounted onto glass slide. A tremendous development of the MALDI-imaging technique has been observed during the last decade. Currently, it is one of the most promising innovative measurement techniques in biochemistry and a powerful and versatile tool for spatially-resolved chemical analysis of diverse sample types ranging from biological and plant tissues to bio and polymer thin films. In this paper, we outline computational methods for analyzing MALDI-imaging data with the emphasis on multivariate statistical methods, discuss their pros and cons, and give recommendations on their application. The methods of unsupervised data mining as well as supervised classification methods for biomarker discovery are elucidated. We also present a high-throughput computational pipeline for interpretation of MALDI-imaging data using spatial segmentation. Finally, we discuss current challenges associated with the statistical analysis of MALDI-imaging data.
Microfluidic synthesis of [18F]FLT (2010)

1473 Objectives We report here the automated production of 3’-deoxy-3’-[F-18]fluoro-thymidine using a flow-based microfluidic chemistry system. Methods The NanoTek LF is a modular flow-based microreactor assembly. Using the ABX Boc-dimethoxytrityl-nosyl-thymidine precursor in the “Discovery Mode” of the NanoTek LF software, the incorporation of the fluoride was optimized for temperature and flow rates through the reactor. The optimum flow rate used in the radiosynthesis was 200 µl/min with a reaction temperature of 170° C on a 100 µm i.d. X 2 m reactor and resulted in an incorporation yield of fluoride of 82 ± 3% (n=20) as determined by radio-TLC. The product from the microreactor was then hydrolyzed, followed by neutralization and purified by semi-prep HPLC, using PBS with 8% ethanol (v:v). Results Starting with 500 mCi of [18F]-fluoride (recycled O-18 water), the radiochemical yield of [18F]FLT was 18-25% (uncorr.) after semi-prep HPLC, with a reaction time of 65 minutes, specific activity of 2 Ci/µmol and rad. purity of >99%. The material was then used for imaging pulmonary tumors in C57Bl/6 mice that had been injected with 50,000 B16F10 tumor cells in 0.2 mL of PBS in the lateral tail vein. After a 21-day period of tumor growth the animals received ~ 220 µCi (8.1 MBq) of [18F]FLT and were left for 1 h before being imaged by PET/CT using an energy window of 350-650 keV. The data were reconstructed onto a 256 × 256 × 159 matrix (0.22 × 0.22 × 0.80 mm voxel dimensions) using a maximium a posteriori (MAP) algorithm with zoom set at 2 and a β value of 0.001. Conclusions This work has demonstrated the use of microfluidics to rapidly radiolabel and purify 3’-deoxy-3’-[18F]fluoro-thymidine (FLT) in sufficient quantity, purity and specific activities for small animal imaging. Research Support University of Tennessee Physician9s Medical Education and Research Fund (PMERF
Vacuum electron field emission from SnO2nanowhiskers synthesized by thermal evaporation (2004)

Rod-shaped and wire-shaped SnO2 nanowhiskers were synthesized by thermal evaporating of tin powders at 900 °C. Three Raman peaks (474, 632, 774 cm−1) showed the typical feature of the rutile phase of as-synthesized SnO2 nanowhiskers, which was consistent with the result of x-ray diffraction. A relatively low turn-on field of 1.37 V µm−1 at a current density of 0.1 µA cm−2 was obtained. The dependence of emission current density on the electric field followed a Fowler–Nordheim relationship. Our results indicated that SnO2 nanowhiskers had an interesting FE property as a wide band gap semiconductor.
A statistical model of free‐radical copolymerization/crosslinking reactions (1990)

Abstract A statistical model for network formation by the free‐radical copolymerization and crosslinking reaction with small crosslinker content is used to obtain expressions for structural averages as a function of reaction parameters. The analysis accounts for reaction features that are characteristic of free‐radical mechanisms and can be adapted to include cyclization, various modes of termination, and the gel effect. Profiles for structural averages such as the weight average molecular weight, the sol weight fraction, the molecular weight between crosslinks, and the number of elastically active network chains are obtained as functions of conversion.
Nonlinear Plasmonic Enhancement with Graphene Heterostructures (2019)

Nonlinear nanoplasmonics provides precise control and manipulation of light. Graphene sustains electrically tunable and long-lived plasmons. By combining these platforms, we observe a 102 enhancement in the third-harmonic generation in graphene heterostructures. © 2019 The Author(s)
A fast-match approach for robust, faster than real-time speaker diarization (2007)

During the past few years, speaker diarization has achieved satisfying accuracy in terms of speaker Diarization Error Rate (DER). The most successful approaches, based on agglomerative clustering, however, exhibit an inherent computational complexity which makes real-time processing, especially in combination with further processing steps, almost impossible. In this article we present a framework to speed up agglomerative clustering speaker diarization. The basic idea is to adopt a computationally cheap method to reduce the hypothesis space of the more expensive and accurate model selection via Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC). Two strategies based on the pitch-correlogram and the unscented-transform based approximation of KL-divergence are used independently as a fast-match approach to select the most likely clusters to merge. We performed the experiments using the existing ICSI speaker diarization system. The new system using KL-divergence fast-match strategy only performs 14% of total BIC comparisons needed in the baseline system, speeds up the system by 41% without affecting the speaker Diarization Error Rate (DER). The result is a robust and faster than real-time speaker diarization system.
Observations of insonified contrast agents in vitro and in vivo (1998)

Ultrasound contrast agents, which may include a gas core and lipid or albumin shell, play an increasingly important role in medical imaging. However, a complex set of phenomena have limited quantitative evalua- tion of tissue perfusion based on echoes from these microbubbles. With the use of optical microscopy, mechanisms of microbubble destruction during insonation are evaluated, as well as the effects of ultrasonic radiation force. Depending on conditions such as acoustic intensity and dissolved gas concentration in the media, several mechanisms can change the microbubble and promote its destruction during insonation. Slow gas diffusion from the bubble is observed with low-intensity transmission, but with several pulses at a higher intensity, the albumin shell may weaken sufficiently to release the gas core. It is demonstrated that the primary acoustic radiation force has a significant effect on microbubbles when the ultrasound is transmitted with a low acoustic pressure and high pulse repetition frequency. Deflection of the contrast agent streamline to the wall of a small vessel is shown both in vitro and in vivo. Such manipulation of the contrast agents may be desired in drug delivery applications, as it provides a method of concentrating bubbles in a specific area.
Methotrexate and actinomycin D chemotherapy in a patient with porphyria: a case report (2016)

Methotrexate and actinomycin D did not induce acute porphyric attacks in this patient with acute intermittent porphyria; however, severe adverse effects were noted with methotrexate. Although further investigation is required, our data suggest that these agents are nonporphyrinogenic and can therefore be used to treat patients with comorbid porphyria.
Dynamic control of internal force for visco-elastic contact grasps (1999)

This paper deals with robotic grasps exhibiting viscoelastic contact interactions with the manipulated object. Such interactions are frequent in advanced robotic applications since in many cases, i.e. when a great precision is needed, elasticity cannot be neglected. This is particularly true in medical applications, as in telesurgery or in laparoscopy, where precision is obviously basic. The control of internal forces for viscoelastic grasps is explored in this work. This is an important issue in teleoperated robotics (telesurgery and so forth). The presence of nonnegligible compliance at the contacts, implies that the object dynamics cannot be neglected when attempting to control internal forces without affecting the object position. A geometric approach to derive a control law dynamically decoupling the internal force control action from the object dynamics is proposed.