gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of III-V semiconductor wafers using nondestructive organic-on-inorganic contact barriers (1985)

We discuss a new technique for measuring the net carrier concentrations, layer thicknesses, and deep level spectra of epitaxial InP and related compounds used in photonic device applications. The technique involves the formation of an organic-on-inorganic (OI) semiconductor contact barrier by vacuum sublimation of the compound: 3, 4, 9, 10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride onto an inorganic semiconductor wafer. The OI barriers are reproducible from wafer to wafer, and can be as high as φBn ≊0.55 V over the entire range of InGaAs (P) compounds lattice matched to InP. High voltages (≳100 V in some cases) can be applied to the small area OI devices (as defined by an ohmic contact pad deposited on the organic film), allowing for deep depletion. Thus, high resolution carrier concentration measurements over extensive distances in all three wafer dimensions are obtained. These data are used to derive both the doping levels and layer thickness contours over the crystal surface. Finally, the OI devices can be removed after wafer evaluation, and the wafer can then undergo processing into conventional devices with no apparent degradation of performance when compared with control wafers that have not undergone OI diode evaluation.
Letter to the Editor Concomitant insulin resistance and impaired vascular function is associated with increased coronary artery calcification (2009)

Background: Digital Thermal Monitoring (DTM) of vascular function has been shown to correlate well with the Framingham risk score (FRS) and coronary artery calcium (CAC) score. This study investigates whether vascular dysfunction measured by DTM is associated with insulin resistance (IR). Methods: 326 consecutive asymptomatic subjects (age 55±10 years, 73% male), without CAD, diabetes or NCEP defined metabolic syndrome, underwent DTM, CAC and IR calculation. DTM measurements were obtained during and after a 5-minute supra systolic arm-cuff occlusion. Post cuff-deflation temperature rebound (TR) and AUC (area under the temperature curve) were measured and correlated with IR defined by the ratio of triglyceride to HDL ≥3.8. Results: There was no significant difference between patients with and without IR in Lipoprotein (a), C-reactive protein and homocysteine (pN0.05). TR decreased from the normal cohort (1.68±0.25) to IR (1.07±0.18) to CAC ≥100 (0.94±0.21) to FRS ≥20% (0.77±0.21) to IR & CAC ≥100 (0.68±0.16) (p=0.001). After adjustment for age, gender and traditional cardiac risk factors, the odds ratio of reduced TR and CAC ≥100 was 2.46, and 2.10 in IR compared to those without IR. Conclusion: 1) Vascular dysfunction measured by DTM is strongly associated with IR. 2) IR Patients with concomitant high FRS and or high CAC exhibit severe vascular dysfunction. © 2008 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Enforcing integrability for surface reconstruction algorithms using belief propagation in graphical models (2005)

Accurate calculation of the three dimensional shape of an object is one of the classic research areas of computer vision. Many of the existing methods are based on surface normal estimation, and subsequent integration of surface gradients. In general, these methods do not produce valid surfaces due to violation of surface integrability. We introduce a new method for shape reconstruction by integration of valid surface gradient maps. The essence of the new approach is in the strict enforcement of the surface integrability via belief propagation across graphical models. The graphical model is selected in such a way as to extract information from underlying, possibly noisy, surface gradient estimators, utilize the surface integrability constraint, and produce the maximum a-posteriori estimate of a valid surface. We demonstrate the algorithm for two classic shape reconstruction techniques; shape-from-shading and photometric stereo. On a set of real and synthetic examples, the new approach is shown to be fast and accurate, in the sense that shape can be rendered even in the presence of high levels of noise and sharp occlusion boundaries.
Affordable Pressure Ulcer Prevention: Device, System and Algorithm (2020)

The incidence and prevalence of wound problems in an aging and longer-lived population continue to increase substantially. Pressure ulcers (bedsores) are painful, increase risk for secondary infection, and add $ 11 billion annually to health care costs in the US. When a sufficient fraction of the patient's weight is supported in a region with a bony prominence, the resulting localized concentration of external pressure reduces the cross-sectional area of blood vessels, restricting blood flow and limiting oxygen supply to the at-risk tissue. If this external contact pressure is maintained for sufficient time, the lack of oxygen leads to tissue death and formation of a pressure ulcer. Very few effective ulcer prevention devices exist and those available have focused almost exclusively on some form of off-loading (specialized and costly beds and wheelchair cushions) designed to equalize pressure distribution on at-risk tissue areas. Furthermore, wheelchair cushions have no applicability to other body areas (legs, heels, etc.) at risk for pressure injury. Despite extensive work in this area of pressure ulcer prevention, a survey of available options shows that there is no compact, low-cost solution that is workable in a hospital setting, for patients confined to bed at home, or for those with limited mobility in wheelchairs. In this work we present a wireless sensor patch to be placed on known at-risk sites on the patient's skin, directly measuring local contact pressure and temperature, and communicating with a base station (in a hospital setting) or smartphone (for home care). Alerting a patient or caregiver to a potentially harmful level of pressure allows early intervention (only when necessary) to prevent pressure ulcer formation, easing workload on caregivers and enabling more independence for mobile at-risk patients.
Theileria Apicoplast as a Target for Chemotherapy (2008)

ABSTRACT Theileria parasites cause severe bovine disease and death in a large part of the world. These apicomplexan parasites possess a relic plastid (apicoplast), whose metabolic pathways include several promising drug targets. Putative inhibitors of these targets were screened, and we identified antiproliferative compounds that merit further characterization.
Modification of internal stress distribution in low-PMD spun fibers, evaluated by photoelastic tomography (2004)

By means of photoelastic tomography the effect of the spinning process on the development of residual stress in spun fibers is investigated. Measured stress distributions in spun and corresponding unspun fibers are compared
Grippaler Infekt und Lebererkrankung nach Tropenaufenthalt (2008)

The incidence of some infectious diseases has greatly risen as a result of an increase in tourism to distant lands. In particular, the diagnosis of frequent parasitic diseases should become part of the expertise in internal medicine. The combination of several diseases should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
A multitaper spectral estimator for time-series with missing data (2019)

SUMMARY A multitaper estimator is proposed that accommodates time-series containing gaps without using any form of interpolation. In contrast with prior missing-data multitaper estimators that force standard Slepian sequences to be zero at gaps, the proposed missing-data Slepian sequences are defined only where data are present. The missing-data Slepian sequences are frequency independent, as are the eigenvalues that define the energy concentration within the resolution bandwidth, when the process bandwidth is $[ { - 1/2,\,\,\,1/2} )$ for unit sampling and the sampling scheme comprises integer multiples of unity. As a consequence, one need only compute the ensuing missing-data Slepian sequences for a given sampling scheme once, and then the spectrum at an arbitrary set of frequencies can be computed using them. It is also shown that the resulting missing-data multitaper estimator can incorporate all of the optimality features (i.e. adaptive-weighting, F-test and reshaping) of the standard multitaper estimator, and can be applied to bivariate or multivariate situations in similar ways. Performance of the missing-data multitaper estimator is illustrated using length of day, seafloor pressure and Nile River low stand time-series.
THE FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS OF 17 ENTOMOPHTHORA ISOLATES (1967)

The fatty acid compositions of 17 Entomophthora isolates, together with those of 8 other fungi, were determined. γ-Linolenic acid was present in all fungi examined, and eicosatrienoic and arachidonic acids were found in all but the three Basidiobolus species and Rhizopus nigricans. All but two of the Entomophthora isolates could be divided into three groups on the basis of their fatty acid composition. Of the other fungi examined, only the fatty acid compositions of the Conidiobolus species show close correlation with those of Entomophthora species.
Urinary TWEAK as a biomarker of lupus nephritis: a multicenter cohort study (2009)

High uTWEAK levels are indicative of LN, as opposed to non-LN SLE and other healthy and disease control populations, and reflect renal disease activity in longitudinal follow-up. Thus, our study further supports a role for TWEAK in the pathogenesis of LN, and provides strong evidence for uTWEAK as a candidate clinical biomarker for LN.
Ultrafast adaptive coherence beamforming using a fast and simple quad phase estimator (2021)

Ultrafast ultrasound imaging allows total focusing on every pixel, but it uses a non-focusing transmission of the ultrasonic wave into the tissue. Based on plane wave or diverging wave imaging, additional clutter reduces the imaging quality especially in echo-free regions like cysts. Clutter reducing techniques like adaptive beamforming processing compute weighting factors based on measured channel data used for each sample reconstruction. This increases signal and image quality again but adds computational complexity and may result in techniques that are not real-time capable to be implemented in an ultrasound scanner. A fast and accurate phase estimator for real-time applications is needed. Extending the concept of sign coherence factor (SCF) computations using bi-phase estimations, we propose a fast quad phase coherence (QPC) estimator for more accurate phase detection to reduce incoherent clutter. Instead of only using the sign coherence of each of the single channel data, the QPC estimator also includes the monotony of the signal to differentiate into the four classes “positive sign & increasing monotony”, “positive sign & decreasing monotony ”, “negative sign & decreasing monotony” and “negative sign & increasing monotony”. The dominant class of these four is selected and the adaptive weighting is computed as ratio of the absolute frequency of this class to the sum of all other class occurrences. The calculation of the monotony introduces only a small computational overhead compared to other adaptive beamforming techniques. The performance of QPC usage is evaluated using our ultrafast ultrasound research systems at phantom measurements (using “DiPhAS” system with 128 parallel channels) and in-vivo bladder measurements (using “MoUsE” system with 32 parallel channels, 3 MHz phased array transducer). The beamforming reconstruction is computed on the performance-limited integrated PC hardware as OpenCL kernel in real time. Imaging performance is increased compared to sign coherence beamforming (SNR by >3 dB, contrast by 4,4 dB, spatial resolution PSF FWHM by 19 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">%</sup> ) while computation time still allows real-time usage.
miR-29 Represses the Activities of DNA Methyltransferases and DNA Demethylases (2013)

Members of the microRNA-29 (miR-29) family directly target the DNA methyltransferases, DNMT3A and DNMT3B. Disturbances in the expression levels of miR-29 have been linked to tumorigenesis and tumor aggressiveness. Members of the miR-29 family are currently thought to repress DNA methylation and suppress tumorigenesis by protecting against de novo methylation. Here, we report that members of the miR-29 family repress the activities of DNA methyltransferases and DNA demethylases, which have opposing roles in control of DNA methylation status. Members of the miR-29 family directly inhibited DNA methyltransferases and two major factors involved in DNA demethylation, namely tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1 (TET1) and thymine DNA glycosylase (TDG). Overexpression of miR-29 upregulated the global DNA methylation level in some cancer cells and downregulated DNA methylation in other cancer cells, suggesting that miR-29 suppresses tumorigenesis by protecting against changes in the existing DNA methylation status rather than by preventing de novo methylation of DNA.
Towards a simple service compiler (2009)

Over the last 10-15 years, our industry has developed and deployed many large-scale Internet services, from e-commerce to social networking sites, all facing common challenges in performance, reliability, and scalability. To address these challenges, developers consistently draw from a relatively small repertoire of software architecture design patterns or best practices, such as replication, tiering, pre-computation, and caching. The application of these techniques across different services, however, varies significantly in both their design and implementation. There is, however, a good reason for this variation in implementation; their effectiveness depends heavily on the service's semantic requirements, its workloads, performance and other runtime and environmental characteristics. The implication is that taking advantage of today's best practices and design patterns requires that developers have a deep, end-to-end understanding of their service's functionality, workloads, and system infrastructure. Our insight is that most of this critical information is directly measurable, and, in this presentation, discuss our research towards building a system, analogous to a profile-driven optimizing compiler, that separates architectural decisions to support performance, reliability, and scalability from service functionality.
A new approach for rain gush formation associated with ionic wind (2018)

Based upon experimental observation in the laboratory, we propose that ionic wind from corona discharge inside a thundercloud would play an important role in producing a rain gush. A cyclic chain of events inside a super-saturated environment in a thundercloud is proposed, each event enhancing the successive ones until lightning occurs. These successive events are collision between snowflakes and rimers, charge separation, corona discharge, avalanche ionization, ionic wind originating from the positively and negatively charged masses of cloud, vortex motion and turbulence when mixed with the updraft, more collision, more charge separation, stronger corona discharge, and so on. Meanwhile, avalanche ionization would produce more CCN (cloud condensation nuclei) resulting in more precipitation and hence rimers formation in the super-saturated environment. More collision in the buoyant turbulence would lead to more fusion of droplets and the formation of larger rimers. The cyclic processes would repeat themselves until the electric field between the two oppositely charged masses of cloud was strong enough to induce a breakdown. The latter would create a sudden short circuit between the two charged masses of cloud neutralizing the charges. There would be no more ionic wind, hence, much less buoyant turbulence. The updraft alone would not be sufficiently strong to support larger rimers which would fall down 'suddenly' to the earth surface as a rain gush.
Dreamix: Video Diffusion Models are General Video Editors (2023)

Text-driven image and video diffusion models have recently achieved unprecedented generation realism. While diffusion models have been successfully applied for image editing, very few works have done so for video editing. We present the first diffusion-based method that is able to perform text-based motion and appearance editing of general videos. Our approach uses a video diffusion model to combine, at inference time, the low-resolution spatio-temporal information from the original video with new, high resolution information that it synthesized to align with the guiding text prompt. As obtaining high-fidelity to the original video requires retaining some of its high-resolution information, we add a preliminary stage of finetuning the model on the original video, significantly boosting fidelity. We propose to improve motion editability by a new, mixed objective that jointly finetunes with full temporal attention and with temporal attention masking. We further introduce a new framework for image animation. We first transform the image into a coarse video by simple image processing operations such as replication and perspective geometric projections, and then use our general video editor to animate it. As a further application, we can use our method for subject-driven video generation. Extensive qualitative and numerical experiments showcase the remarkable editing ability of our method and establish its superior performance compared to baseline methods.
Phase behavior of cyclic siloxane‐based liquid crystalline compounds (1994)

Abstract A series of 24 cyclic siloxane‐based liquid crystalline compounds was synthesized using conventional hydrosilation chemistry. Variables examined included ring size, spacer group length, and type and composition of pendant mesogeric groups. Both pentamethylhydro‐ and tetramethylhydrosiloxane rings were reacted with mesogens based on cholesterol, biphenyl, or equimolar mixtures of both. Four different length spacer groups containing terminal vinyl groups were used to attach the mesogens to the cyclic siloxane core. The thermotropic liquid crystalline phase behavior was studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and polarized optical microscopy (POM). A lengthening of spacer groups resulted in lower crystallization temperatures for the biphenyl‐based compounds and lower glass transition temperatures for the cholesterol‐ and mixed mesogen‐based compounds. The tetramethyl ring derivatives exhibited higher glass transition or crystallization temperatures than their pentamethyl counterparts. Biphenyl‐based compounds exhibited low temperature crystalline phases while the cholesterol‐based compounds exhibited low temperature glassy phases. © 1994 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Metal Parts Generation by Three Dimensional Printing (2018)

Dimensional Printing is a rapid prototyping process in which powdered materials are deposited in layers and s~lectively joined with binder from an ink-jet style printhead.Unbound pOWder is removed upon process completion, leaving a three dimensional part.Stainless steel and tungsten parts have been created from metal powder with the 3DP process.The parts have green properties similar to those produced by metal injection molding.A tooling insert made from 316L stainless steel powder was used to injection mold a polypropylene part.The 3DP process is easily adaptable to a variety of ..........."....,... J, >.)O systems, allowing the production of metallic/ceramic parts with novel ""'''' 1-', '''.. , This paper will discuss the use of the 3DP process to produce injection ......
Large-scale model of mammalian thalamocortical systems (2008)

The understanding of the structural and dynamic complexity of mammalian brains is greatly facilitated by computer simulations. We present here a detailed large-scale thalamocortical model based on experimental measures in several mammalian species. The model spans three anatomical scales. (i) It is based on global (white-matter) thalamocortical anatomy obtained by means of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) of a human brain. (ii) It includes multiple thalamic nuclei and six-layered cortical microcircuitry based on in vitro labeling and three-dimensional reconstruction of single neurons of cat visual cortex. (iii) It has 22 basic types of neurons with appropriate laminar distribution of their branching dendritic trees. The model simulates one million multicompartmental spiking neurons calibrated to reproduce known types of responses recorded in vitro in rats. It has almost half a billion synapses with appropriate receptor kinetics, short-term plasticity, and long-term dendritic spike-timing-dependent synaptic plasticity (dendritic STDP). The model exhibits behavioral regimes of normal brain activity that were not explicitly built-in but emerged spontaneously as the result of interactions among anatomical and dynamic processes. We describe spontaneous activity, sensitivity to changes in individual neurons, emergence of waves and rhythms, and functional connectivity on different scales.
Determination of excited-state polarizabilities ofCr3+-doped materials by degenerate four-wave mixing (1989)

We have measured the degenerate four-wave-mixing signals from several ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$-doped oxide and fluoride laser crystals. The signals are predominantly generated by scattering of the input beams from a refractive index grating that is due to a spatially modulated excited-state population. From the measured reflectivity, the change in polarizability between the ground and excited states of ${\mathrm{Cr}}^{3+}$ is calculated. The polarizability change in the oxide hosts is accounted for by large-oscillator-strength charge-transfer transitions in the energy region of 50 000 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$. The fluoride hosts, however, did not give measurable signal levels, and this is attributed to the lack of high-oscillator-strength transitions in this energy range. The polarizability changes in the oxide hosts are observed to depend on the relative thermal population of the $^{4}\mathrm{T}_{2}$ and the $^{2}\mathrm{E}$ excited states. The polarizability change between the $^{4}\mathrm{T}_{2}$ excited state and the $^{4}\mathrm{A}_{2}$ ground state is found to be greater than that between the $^{2}\mathrm{E}$ and the $^{4}\mathrm{A}_{2}$.
An extension of the method of multipliers for distributed nonlinear programming (2014)

In this paper we consider a distributed optimization problem, where a set of agents interacting through a communication graph have as common goal the minimization of a function expressed as a sum of (possibly non-convex) differentiable functions. Each function in the sum corresponds to an agent and each agent has associated an equality constraint. In this paper we investigate how the standard method of multipliers can be used to solve an optimization problem with equality constraints in a distributed manner. The method of multipliers is applied to a lifted optimization problem whose solution embeds the solution of the original problem.We modify the standard convergence results to deal with the fact the (local) minimizers of the lifted optimization problem are not regular, as a results of the distributed formulation.