gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Variational Bayesian Perspective on Massive MIMO Detection (2022)

Optimal data detection in massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems requires prohibitive computational complexity. A variety of detection algorithms have been proposed in the literature, offering different trade-offs between complexity and detection performance. In this paper, we build upon variational Bayes (VB) inference to design low-complexity multiuser detection algorithms for massive MIMO systems. We first examine the massive MIMO detection problem with perfect channel state information at the receiver (CSIR) and show that a conventional VB method with known noise variance yields poor detection performance. To address this limitation, we devise two new VB algorithms that use the noise variance and covariance matrix postulated by the algorithms themselves. We further develop the VB framework for massive MIMO detection with imperfect CSIR. Simulation results show that the proposed VB methods achieve significantly lower detection errors compared with existing schemes for a wide range of channel models.
Joint estimation of activity and attenuation for PET using pragmatic MR-based prior: application to clinical TOF PET/MR whole-body data for FDG and non-FDG tracers (2018)

Accurate and robust attenuation correction remains challenging in hybrid PET/MR particularly for torsos because it is difficult to segment bones, lungs and internal air in MR images. Additionally, MR suffers from susceptibility artifacts when a metallic implant is present. Recently, joint estimation (JE) of activity and attenuation based on PET data, also known as maximum likelihood reconstruction of activity and attenuation, has gained considerable interest because of (1) its promise to address the challenges in MR-based attenuation correction (MRAC), and (2) recent advances in time-of-flight (TOF) technology, which is known to be the key to the success of JE. In this paper, we implement a JE algorithm using an MR-based prior and evaluate the algorithm using whole-body PET/MR patient data, for both FDG and non-FDG tracers, acquired from GE SIGNA PET/MR scanners with TOF capability. The weight of the MR-based prior is spatially modulated, based on MR signal strength, to control the balance between MRAC and JE. Large prior weights are used in strong MR signal regions such as soft tissue and fat (i.e. MR tissue classification with a high degree of certainty) and small weights are used in low MR signal regions (i.e. MR tissue classification with a low degree of certainty). The MR-based prior is pragmatic in the sense that it is convex and does not require training or population statistics while exploiting synergies between MRAC and JE. We demonstrate the JE algorithm has the potential to improve the robustness and accuracy of MRAC by recovering the attenuation of metallic implants, internal air and some bones and by better delineating lung boundaries, not only for FDG but also for more specific non-FDG tracers such as <sup>68</sup>Ga-DOTATOC and <sup>18</sup>F-Fluoride.
Prevalence of Pulmonary Embolism After Total Elbow Arthroplasty (2007)

These findings suggest that pulmonary embolism after total elbow arthroplasty is a rare but potentially fatal complication. Surgeons should consider this diagnosis when a patient exhibits respiratory distress after total elbow arthroplasty.
Use of mass transport to reduce surface roughness in replicated gallium phosphide refractive microlenses (2000)

Mass-transport smoothing has been used to reduce the surface roughness of a gallium phosphide (GaP) microlens from 50.0 nm (rms) to 6.5 nm (rms) while preserving the original surface figure. The initial GaP surface was fabricated by dry-etch transfer of a polymer microlens into a GaP substrate. This result demonstrates that mass transport can significantly improve the performance of economically feasible high-refractive-index micro-optical elements having arbitrary surface profiles.
Diagnosis of Vulvar Lesions by Non-Invasive Optical Analysis: A Pilot Study (2009)

A procedure that could allow an early in vivo and non-invasive detection of vulvar lesions would be extremely useful. We tested an innovative optical method (Optiprobe), which uses a harmless, visible light source for the in vivo, on-line detection of minimal alterations in the structure of vulvar epithelium. A group of 3 female volunteers without gynecological symptoms were first screened to evaluate optical properties of normal vulvar tissue. Next, a group of 16 patients undergoing gynecological examination for vulvar lesions was evaluated by the Optiprobe at suspected sites before these sites were biopsied for histological analysis. Adjacent, non-involved sites were also measured to provide internal controls. Histological analysis of the biopsies identified one case that did not show obvious alterations, 4 cases of high-grade vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), 5 cases of vulvitis, and 6 cases of lichen sclerosis (LS).The optical properties of the VIN cases were significantly different from those of controls, due to a decrease in the absorption spectra and an increase in the scattering spectra. In contrast, a significant increase in the absorption spectra and a decrease in the scattering spectra were observed in the cases of vulvitis. In the LS cases, the absorption spectra were as in controls, whereas the scattering spectra were significantly decreased. We conclude that the Optiprobe provides a useful tool for a rapid and non-invasive detection of vulvar alterations. The method should contribute to reduce the number of biopsies and to facilitate the long-term follow-up of vulvar lesions.
Methods for preparation of concentrated graphene compositions and related composite materials (2023)

A rapid, scalable methodology for graphene dispersion with a polymer-organic solvent solution and subsequent solvent exchange, as can be utilized without centrifugation, to enhance graphene concentration.
Process Monitoring the Inactivation of Ricin and Model Proteins by Disinfectants Using Fluorescence and Biological Activity (2008)

It is important to develop rapid and reliable processes to monitor the decontamination of toxins released to the environment. The inactivation of the protein toxin ricin by the disinfectants bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and monochloramine was measured by the effect on mammalian cell cytotoxicity. The effect of the disinfectants on the native fluorescence (due mainly to tryptophan and to a lesser extent tyrosine) of ricin was also measured in parallel. Reactions of the disinfectants resulted in a decrease in the native fluorescence that was measured in real time in a noninvasive manner. We compared the inactivation of two well-characterized model enzymes to the behavior of ricin. The model enzymes studied were lysozyme, a small basic enzyme stabilized with internal disulfide bonds, and heart-muscle-type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a large protein composed of four subunits. The biological activities of the model enzymes were measured in parallel with their fluorescence. Gel electrophoresis showed a large number of modifications of the proteins caused by the disinfectants reflected in changes in mobility and the formation of higher-order aggregates. Size-exclusion chromatography showed that the disinfectants did not break down the subunit structure of ricin but instead resulted in an increased size and heterogeneity of the protein. Size-exclusion chromatography of LDH indicated that the subunits were dissociated and that higher-order aggregates were also formed. Bleach caused a rapid inactivation of biological activity correlated with a rapid decrease in the fluorescence. Monochloramine required much higher concentrations for significant effects and the kinetics of the reactions were slow, with half-life values of the decrease on the order of minutes. Each protein showed individual differences in responses to the disinfectants, but there was a consistent correlation between the loss of fluorescence and the decrease in biological activity. These results indicate that the monitoring the fluorescence is a useful process with limitations that can be used to monitor the inactivation of toxins using disinfectants.
Application of LaBr<inf>3</inf>(Ce<sup>3+</sup>) scintillators in radio-isotope identification devices (2007)

The advantage of LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ) over NaI(TI) scintillators with respect to gamma spectroscopy and radioisotope identification has been discussed in many papers. However, implementing such detectors in field instruments for routine use in homeland security applications differs from demonstrating their capabilities in a laboratory. This paper reviews several issues solved in the development phase of a commercial hand-held radio-isotope identification device (RIID), the identiFINDER <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> ultra L. Aspects as the detector stabilization, selection and optimization of an appropriate photomultiplier tube, as well as calibration, spectrum linearization, and quality assurance procedures in the production process are addressed.
Serum proteomics guided discovery of predictive biomarkers of response to androgen ablation (AA) in prostate cancer. (2012)

104 Background: Currently there are no serum predictive markers of response to AA. We used a proteomic based analytic approach to identify candidates. Methods: Serum from three non-localized prostate cancer cohorts was analyzed. The first included15 paired untreated hormone-sensitive “pre-AA” and 3-month “post-AA” specimens; the second included 10 “early AA failure” (median time to AA failure:11 months) and the third included 10 “late AA failure” specimens (median time to AA failure: 95 months). Proteomic analysis was performed with isobaric mass tags for relative and absolute quanititation (iTRAQ) analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Differentially expressed candidate proteins were identified by comparisons of (i) paired pre/post-AA proteomes and (ii) post-AA proteome with the combined AA failure cohorts at a False Discovery Rate of 0.2. ELISA assays were used to verify candidate markers in a second stored aliquot of first cohort specimens. This cohort was followed for AA failure. Association of post-AA ELISA levels of candidate markers with time to AA failure was performed using Cox proportional hazards regression, summarized as relative risk (RR) for AA failure. Results: Median PSA in pre/post-AA first cohort were 3.15 ng/ml and 0.29 ng/ml. Median PSA in the second and third cohorts were 27.3 and 4.3 ng/ml. Between post-AA and AA failure cohorts, 149 proteins were differentially expressed. Between early and late AA failure 98 proteins were differentially expressed; 47 proteins were common in both comparisons. ELISA assays verified expression levels of 2/47 proteins in the first cohort; zinc alpha-2 macroglobulin (ZAG), and Neuropilin-2 (NPL2). Median change in ZAG decreased by 2073.5 ng/ml (post versus pre-AA) while median change in NPL2 levels increased by 2.9 ng/ml. After a median follow-up of 43 months from the post-AA time-point, 4/15 first cohort subjects had failed AA. The RR of AA failure for ZAG levels below the median change was 3.8 (95% CI: 0.4-37) and 3.0 (95% CI: 0.3-29) for NPL2. Conclusions: A global proteomic analysis identified ZAG and NPL2 as candidate serum predictive markers of AA response which needs further validation.
Deficiency of calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta with aging causes biliary epithelial ductular reaction associated with increased bile acids in enterohepatic circulation (2015)

Background/Aims: Calcium-independent phospholipase A2 beta (iPLA2beta) generates lysophosphatidylcholine which is recognized as a macrophage 'fine me' signal for removal of apoptotic cells. We have shown that iPLA2beta deficiency causes an accumulation of apoptotic hepatocytes associated with a decrease of serum and hepatic lipids including cholesterol. We here determined whether iPLA2beta deficiency in aged mice can result in abnormalities in the hepatobiliary system and the alterations of bile acid contents. Methods: Control (WT) and whole body male iPLA2beta-/- mice at 19 – 22 months old were used. Bile acid profiles were measured by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Functional assays included qRT-PCR, histology, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results: Livers of aged iPLA2beta-/- mice exhibited increased IHC staining of α-smooth muscle actin and biliary epithelial marker cytokeratin 19 compared with those of aged WT mice. This was concomitant with increases of total, hydrophilic, hydrophobic and secondary bile acids in the bile. The increases of hydrophobic secondary bile acids such as deoxycholic and chenodeoxycholic acids were observed in liver and intestine of iPLA2beta-/- mice, which was associated with increased mRNA expression of CYP7A1 and CYP8B1, and decreased expression of bile acid export genes BSEP and MRP3 in liver as well as OSTα and OSTβ in intestine. In the feces of mutant mice, we observed an increase of deoxycholic acid (suggesting increased dehydroxylation by luminal bacteria), but decreases of tauro-ursodeoxycholic acid as well as tauro- and glyco-chenodeoxycholic acids (suggesting increased deconjugation by luminal bacteria). Conclusions: iPLA2beta deficiency in aged mice caused biliary ductular expansion, and an accumulation of bile acids within enterohepatic circulation. This accumulation was a result of suppressed hepatic and intestinal bile acid export and increased bile acid syntheses, and the latter may lead to a decreased level of the bile acid precursor cholesterol. Thus, iPLA2beta plays a homeostatic role by regulating hepatic bile acid metabolism affecting systemic cholesterol levels and intestinal bile acid contents.
Three-Dimensional Observation of Microstructure of Bone Tissue Using High-Precision Machining (2017)

This study aims to verify whether the three-dimensional internal information acquisition system we have developed can be applied successfully to the microstructures of consecutively precision-machined biological samples, and to those of metallic samples. Therefore, this study mainly deals with biological hard tissue samples like bones. In this paper, we first studied the precision-machining characteristics of bones. From this, we determined that, to obtain machined surfaces sufficient for internal observations, we need to determine the maximum uncut chip thickness and the cutting speeds, taking the bone’s anisotropy into consideration. Next, we acquired three-dimensional internal information on consecutively precision-machined bone samples using the three-dimensional internal acquisition system we developed. Subsequently, we visualized the internal structures of these machined samples. Our tiling observations acquired an 18×9×3 mm segment as a 6.2×6.2×10μm resolution image. We obtained a three-dimensionally reconstructed image of complex blood vessel networks inside the bone by making the acquired images binary.
Regular and Irregular Mixing in Blends of Saturated Hydrocarbon Polymers (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegular and Irregular Mixing in Blends of Saturated Hydrocarbon PolymersWilliam W. Graessley, Ramanan Krishnamoorti, Glenn C. Reichart, Nitash P. Balsara, Lewis J. Fetters, and David J. LohseCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4, 1260–1270Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00108a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00108a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views592Altmetric-Citations130LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photos for information (2008)

Advances in mobile computing and computer vision can support camera-based interactions with mobile devices, including systems that use image-matching to support getting information about objects identified by the camera. These interfaces, sometimes considered mobile augmented reality, can be applied in many domains. This paper reports on a field study of these interfaces in a tourism application, which begins to address questions about embodied interaction, existing photo-taking practices, and alternative interfaces.
Acidogenesis and Two-phase Codigestion of Fats, Oils, and Greases and Municipal Biosolids (2013)

Acidogenic codigestion of fats, oils, and greases (FOG) was studied using suspended growth sludge digesters operated as batch fed reactors that were fed twice daily. The digesters were maintained at a 2-day retention time and at 37 °C to mimic the acid phase of an acid-gas digestion system. As FOG loading rates increased, volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was found to increase, although the percentage of VFA production compared to theoretical values decreased exponentially to just 20% at the highest loading rates. FOG matter was found to have accumulated in the reactor vessel in semi-solid balls that floated near the liquid surface. Two-phase codigestion of FOG was studied at 37 °C using Continuously Stirred Tank Reactors (CSTRs) as acid phase digesters (APD) operated with 2-day retention times, followed by gas phase digesters (GPD) with 15-day retention times. The two-phase systems were compared by FOG addition to the APD versus GPD. FOG addition to the APD resulted in 88% destruction of LCFAs, whereas FOG addition to the GPD resulted in 95% destruction of LCFAs. Accumulated LCFAs were found in the APD receiving FOG and were primarily composed palmitic acid (16:0), followed by oleic acid (18:1) and stearic acid (18:0).
Identification of Genes from a 500-kb Region at 7q11.23 That Is Commonly Deleted in Williams Syndrome Patients (1996)

Williams syndrome (WS) is a multisystem developmental disorder caused by the deletion of contiguous genes at 7q11.23. Hemizygosity of the elastin (ELN) gene can account for the vascular and connective tissue abnormalities observed in WS patients, but the genes that contribute to features such as infantile hypercalcemia, dysmorphic facies, and mental retardation remain to be identified. In addition, the size of the genomic interval commonly deleted in WS patients has not been established. In this study we report the characterization of a 500-kb region that was determined to be deleted in our collection of WS patients. A detailed physical map consisting of cosmid, P1 artificial chromosomes, and yeast artificial chromosomes was constructed and used for gene isolation experiments. Using the techniques of direct cDNA selection and genomic DNA sequencing, three known genes (ELN, LIMK1, and RFC2), a novel gene (WSCR1) with homology to RNA-binding proteins, a gene with homology to restin, and four other putative transcription units were identified. LIMK1 is a protein kinase with two repeats of the LIM/double zinc finger motif, and it is highly expressed in brain. RFC2 is the 40-kDa ATP-binding subunit of replication factor C, which is known to play a role in the elongation of DNA catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta and epsilon. LIMK1 and WSCR1 may be particularly relevant when explaining cognitive defects observed in WS patients.
NeuroChat with Martin Paulus, M.D. (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTNeuroChat with Martin Paulus, M.D.Craig W. LindsleyCraig W. LindsleyMore by Craig W. Lindsleyhttp://orcid.org/0000-0003-0168-1445Cite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2019, 10, 10, 4183–4184Publication Date (Web):October 16, 2019Publication History Published online16 October 2019Published inissue 16 October 2019https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00510https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00510editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2019 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views647Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (931 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Central nervous system,Computational modeling,Diseases and disorders,Neuroscience Get e-Alerts
Concentration and Coverage Dependent Adlayer Structures: From Two-Dimensional Networks to Rotation in a Bearing (2009)

A bisterpyridine based molecule, 3,3′-BTP, shows a variety of adlayer structures at the interface between highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and the liquid depending on the concentration in solution. Three closely related linear and one hexagonal 2D patterns are found. Comparison with the self-assembly at the HOPG|gas interface shows that in the absence of the solvent one of the linear and the hexagonal structures can be found. The concentration dependent order of appearance of the different surface structures is rationalized by a thermodynamic model. In the adlayer unit cell, the hexagonal phase offers a central void which is mostly filled with a seventh 3,3′-BTP molecule. In the presence of the solvent, those molecules are presumably rotating, whereas at the HOPG|gas interface no clear rotation can be observed.
137 Hydrogen cyanide concentrations in the breath of adult cystic fibrosis patients with and without Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection (2013)

135 The use of rep-PCR (Diversilab®, bioMerieux) in combination with multiplex PCR (targeting virulence genes) reveals the transmission of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates among cystic fibrosis patients in a hospital background J. Dingemans1, M. Craggs1, F. Bilocq2, J. Willekens3, H. Eyns4, A. Crabbe5, D. De Vos2, J.-P. Pirnay2, A. Malfroot3, P. Cornelis6. 1Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Research Group Microbiology, Brussels, Belgium; 2Burn Centre, Queen Astrid Military Hospital, Laboratory for Molecular and Cellular Technology, Brussels, Belgium; 3Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Cystic Fibrosis Clinic, Brussels, Belgium; 4Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Department of Pediatrics, Brussels, Belgium; 5Arizona State University, Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Arizona, United States; 6Vrije Universiteit Brussel, MICR, Brussels, Belgium