gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying Uncertainty Quantification and Sensitivity Analysis to Spiking Neural Network Models of Asynchronous Irregular Firing Activity. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of the Unfolding of Barnase in Water and 8 M Aqueous Urea (1997)

Molecular dynamics simulations of barnase have been conducted both in water and in 8 M urea solution for 500 ps at 25 degrees C and for 2000 ps at 85 degrees C. The final structure of the aqueous simulation at room temperature matches closely the structure obtained by NMR and the experimentally observed protections from isotopic exchange. The comparison of the structures generated by the aqueous simulation at 85 degrees C reveals a trajectory composed of groups of geometrically related structures separated by narrow regions of rapid change in structure. The first of these regions displays changes in backbone rmsd to the crystal structure and solvent-accessible area suggestive of a transition state, while the properties observed during the final 300 ps of the simulation are consistent with a stable intermediate. These assignments were confirmed by calculation of the "progress along the reaction coordinate" phi-values using an empirical equation based on a linear response method. The pathway of unfolding defined in this fashion agrees well with the experimental results of site-directed mutagenesis in terms of secondary structure content of the transition state and the intermediate and reproduces the relative stability of the different elements of secondary structure. The results of the simulations in urea suggest a mechanism at the molecular level for its well-known enhancement of the denaturation of proteins. The analysis of radial distribution functions shows that the first solvation shell of the protein is enriched in urea relative to the bulk solvent. The displacement of water molecules allows greater exposure of hydrophobic side chains, as witnessed particularly in the analysis of solvent-accessible surface areas at the higher temperature. Almost all urea molecules in the first shell form at least one hydrogen bond with the protein. They provide a more favorable environment for accommodation of the remaining water molecules, and they facilitate the separation of secondary structure elements by acting as a bridge between groups previously forming intraprotein hydrogen bonds.
Synthesis of the Core Structure of Apicularen A by Transannular Cyclization (2002)

[reaction: see text] An approach to the macrocyclic core of apicularen A is described. Thus, cross-coupling of the aryl triflate 7 with the vinylstannane 19 provided the styrene 20. Deprotection led to the dihydroxy acid 22. Through a size-selective macrolactonization, the 12-membered macrolactone 23 was obtained. Treatment of 24 with N-phenyl selenophthalimide gave the desired trans-pyran 24. This approach might parallel the biosynthetic pathway.
The Clinical Efficacy and Safety Study of PCI Remedial Treatment after the Failure of Intravenous Thrombolytic Therapy in the Aged Patients with AMI (2010)

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of PCI remedial treatment after the failure of intravenous thrombolytic therapy in the aged patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods: 59 patients with acute ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STE-AMI) were devided into 2 groups according to the age:group A(65 years) and group B(≥ 65 years).If the infarct-related artery (IRA) failed to effectively open after thrombolytic therapy, coronary angiography (CAG) would be carried out. If the IRA blood flow during the CAG was below TIMI 3 level, and there were still more obvious chest pain and (or) the ST-segment elevation in the ECG leads corresponding to infarction, the PCI remedial treatment on IRA was completed except for emergency PCI contraindication. The effective opening ratio of thrombolytic therapy, PCI treatment success ratio and complications were compared between two groups. Results: Compared with group A, the effective opening ratio of thrombolytic therapy in group B was lower, but PCI treatment success ratio after the failure of intravenous thrombolytic therapy was no significant difference between two groups. The major complications after PCI such as intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding and so on didn’t increased significantly in Group B. Conclusion: PCI remedial treatment after the failure of intravenous thrombolytic therapy has significant clinical efficacy and safety in the aged patients with AMI.
Automated Noise-Parameter Measurements of Cryogenic LNAs (2021)

This paper addresses the need for measured cryogenic noise parameters. The measurement process is discussed and an analysis of the measurement uncertainty is performed. To verify proper operation of the measurement system, measurements of a 1-to-2-GHz radio-astronomy low-noise amplifier (LNA) at 20, 75, and 296 K are presented. In these measurements, the typical 1σ measurement uncertainty in noise temperatures and minimum noise temperatures is < 10%.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Lead Optimization of a Pan Gq mAChR M1, M3, M5 Positive Allosteric Modulator (PAM) Lead. Part 1. Development of the First Highly Selective M5 PAM (I). (2010)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
The Influence of Freezing on the Course of Carbonization and Pyrolysis of a Bituminous High-Volatile Coal (2020)

The course of thermal behavior of a fresh bituminous high-volatile coal during carbonization and pyrolysis was compared to that of this coal thawed after storage. The research was carried out using the following techniques: X-raying, thermogravimetry/Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (TG/FT-IR), extraction, Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopes (DRIFT), Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR), and SEM. The increase in range of the viscous-liquid state and a decrease in temperature of its appearance were stated along with the formation of a more compact residue at the re-solidification stagtablee for the thawed coal during its carbonization. There is a fourfold reduction in the charge volume. The leakage of bitumen that contains 87 At % of C atoms from swollen grains and a fourfold increase in the yield of the material extracted from these grains are the proof of a greater plasticization of thawed coal. During the pyrolysis of thawed coal, the yield in volatile products of pyrolysis increases, and the composition of these products changes. The contribution ratio of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, CO2, alcohols, and phenols decreases in the composition of volatile products of thawed coal. It is suggested that the use of freezing during the storage of a freshly mined coal that has a poorer caking ability can improve its plasticization during carbonization.
The Effect of Noise Correlation in AF Relay Networks (2007)

In wireless relay networks, noise at the relays can be correlated possibly due to common interference or noise propagation from preceding hops. In this work we consider a parallel relay network with noise correlation. For the relay strategy of amplify-and-forward (AF), we determine the optimal rate maximizing relay gains when correlation knowledge is available at the relays. The effect of correlation on the performance of the relay networks is analyzed for the cases where full knowledge of correlation is available at the relays and when there is no knowledge about the correlation structure. Interestingly we find that, on the average, noise correlation is beneficial regardless of whether the relays know the noise covariance matrix or not. However, the knowledge of correlation can greatly improve the performance. Typically, the performance improvement from correlation knowledge increases with the relay power and the number of relays. With perfect correlation knowledge the system is capable of canceling interference if the number of interferers is less than the number of relays. For a dual-hop multiple access parallel network, we obtain closed form expressions for the maximum sum-rate and the optimal relay strategy. The relay optimization for networks with three hops is also considered. For any relay gains for the first stage relays, this represents a parallel relay network with correlated noise. Based on the result of two hop networks with noise correlation, we propose an algorithm for solving the relay optimization problem for three-hop networks.
Asia-Pacific working group consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: an update 2018 (2018)

Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains an important emergency condition, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. As endoscopic therapy is the 'gold standard' of management, treatment of these patients can be considered in three stages: pre-endoscopic treatment, endoscopic haemostasis and post-endoscopic management. Since publication of the Asia-Pacific consensus on non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) 7 years ago, there have been significant advancements in the clinical management of patients in all three stages. These include pre-endoscopy risk stratification scores, blood and platelet transfusion, use of proton pump inhibitors; during endoscopy new haemostasis techniques (haemostatic powder spray and over-the-scope clips); and post-endoscopy management by second-look endoscopy and medication strategies. Emerging techniques, including capsule endoscopy and Doppler endoscopic probe in assessing adequacy of endoscopic therapy, and the pre-emptive use of angiographic embolisation, are attracting new attention. An emerging problem is the increasing use of dual antiplatelet agents and direct oral anticoagulants in patients with cardiac and cerebrovascular diseases. Guidelines on the discontinuation and then resumption of these agents in patients presenting with NVUGIB are very much needed. The Asia-Pacific Working Group examined recent evidence and recommends practical management guidelines in this updated consensus statement.
Electroluminescence of erbium-doped silicon (1996)

Recombination processes in rare-earth metals in semiconductors are a special case due to the localized nature of $f$ electrons. Our work explores in detail the radiative and nonradiative mechanisms of energy transfer for erbium in silicon by investigating the temperature dependence of the intensity and the decay time of the photoluminescence of Er-related centers in Si. We show that nonradiative energy back transfer from the excited Er $4f$ shell causes luminescence quenching below 200 K. We study electroluminescence decay by applying different bias conditions during the decay. In a two-beam experiment the photoluminescence decay is monitored for different background-excitation laser powers. Changes in the decay time are strong evidence of the impurity Auger effect as an efficient luminescence-quenching mechanism for Er in Si. A fast initial luminescence decay component at high pumping powers is related to quenching by excess carriers. The power dependence, the decay-time components, and the two-beam experiment are simulated by a set of rate equations which involve the formation of excitons, a decrease of the pumping efficiency by exciton Auger recombination, and a decrease of radiative efficiency by the impurity Auger effect with free electrons. As a nonradiative deexcitation path competing with spontaneous emission, the impurity Auger effect decreases the excited-state lifetime of Er in Si, and dominates the thermal quenching of luminescence in the temperature range from 4 to 100 K. We find that the decrease of emission intensity above 100 K is caused by an unidentified second back-transfer process.
Bayesian dropout approximation in deep learning neural networks: analysis of self-aligned quadruple patterning (2022)

BackgroundPredictive estimates of the final process outcome(s) of multistep, coupled processes can be difficult to make based on data measured at the various process steps. Self-aligned quadruple patterning (SAQP) is an example of such a process where the prediction of pitch-walk is desired at the various process steps.AimsBe able to both predict pitch-walk values and the uncertainty in the predicted values at SAQP process steps based on optical critical dimension (OCD) spectroscopy outputs (dimensions, angles, thicknesses, and so on) of mandrel, spacer, and other SAQP features.ApproachTrain a neural network using OCD-modeled values of an SAQP process to be able to predict SAQP pitch-walk at early process steps. Use Bayesian dropout approximation (BDA), a methodology using Bayesian inference with stochastic neural networks, to estimate uncertainty in the predicted SAQP pitch-walk.ResultsAble to predict pitch-walk values, and the uncertainty in the predictions, of the final SAQP structure after the deposition of the first spacer. The pitch-walk predictions become more accurate as OCD information from the bottom mandrel RIE and bottom spacer are added as inputs to the BDA network.ConclusionsIn contrast to a single output value that traditional neural networks would predict, BDA makes an estimated distribution of predictions, where the BDA network gives both a most likely value as well as a distribution of potential values. While this paper shows the power of BDA to predict SAQP pitch walk, it is expected that BDA will be a valuable tool to analyze many data sets in semiconductor manufacturing to help improve yield and performance.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallated 2‐Alkenyl Sulfoximines in Asymmetric Synthesis: Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Tetrahydrofurans. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Copositivity and the Minimization of Quadratic Functions with Nonnegativity and Quadratic Equality Constraints (1996)

The problem of finding the minimum value of a quadratic function on a set defined by nonnegativity and quadratic equality constraints is analyzed. The difficulty in finding the solution to this problem is primarily due to the fact that the feasible region is nonconvex. An algorithm that requires the Hessian of the quadratic constraint function be strictly copositive is developed for finding the minimal value of the quadratic objective function. The problem of finding this global minima can be mapped into the problem of determining whether or not a particular matrix is copositive. This result is equivalent to earlier results characterizing the solutions to a large class of fractional programming problems. A more efficient algorithm for finding solutions that satisfy the Kuhn–Tucker necessary conditions is developed, and its convergence behavior is analyzed. This algorithm requires that the Hessians of the quadratic constraint and objective functions be both positive semidefinite and strictly copositive.
Randomized Clinical Trial of HIV Treatment Adherence Counseling Interventions for People Living With HIV and Limited Health Literacy (2013)

Patients with marginal literacy skills benefit from adherence counseling regardless of pictographic tailoring, and patients with lower literacy skills may require more intensive or provider-directed interventions.
High efficiency and simple architecture phosphorescent OLEDs (2009)

We present an ideal host-guest concept for highly efficient phosphorescent OLEDs (PHOLEDs). Highly efficient PHOLEDs with an extremely low doping concentration of 1% are developed. The origin of such a low doping is revealed by energy transfer mechanism studies and ideal host-guest concept. Simple architectures for PHOLEDs are realized based on this ideal host guest concept. Organic bi-layered and triple-layered architectures for PHOLEDs with high efficiency are reported. Results reveal a practical way to fabricate the highly efficient simple structure devices for trouble-free manufacturing processes.
Mef2C restrains microglial inflammatory response and is lost in brain ageing in an IFN-I-dependent manner (2017)

During ageing, microglia acquire a phenotype that may negatively affect brain function. Here we show that ageing microglial phenotype is largely imposed by interferon type I (IFN-I) chronically present in aged brain milieu. Overexpression of IFN-β in the CNS of adult wild-type mice, but not of mice lacking IFN-I receptor on their microglia, induces an ageing-like transcriptional microglial signature, and impairs cognitive performance. Furthermore, we demonstrate that age-related IFN-I milieu downregulates microglial myocyte-specific enhancer factor 2C (Mef2C). Immune challenge in mice lacking Mef2C in microglia results in an exaggerated microglial response and has an adverse effect on mice behaviour. Overall, our data indicate that the chronic presence of IFN-I in the brain microenvironment, which negatively affects cognitive function, is mediated via modulation of microglial activity. These findings may shed new light on other neurological conditions characterized by elevated IFN-I signalling in the brain.Microglia cells in the brain regulate immune responses, but in ageing can negatively affect brain function. Here the authors show that the chronic presence of type I interferon in aged mouse brain impedes cognitive ability by altering microglia transcriptome and limiting Mef2C, a microglia 'off' signal.
Simultaneous mechanical-scan-free confocal microscopy and laser microsurgery (2009)

We demonstrate an endoscope-compatible single-fiber-based device that performs simultaneous confocal microscopy and high-precision laser microsurgery. The method is based on mapping of two-dimensional sample coordinates onto the optical spectrum and allows us to perform two-dimensional imaging and microsurgery without any mechanical movement of the probe or the sample. The technology holds promise for creating highly miniaturized endoscopes for applications such as brain tumor, pediatric, and endovascular surgeries where high-precision, small, and flexible probes are required.
Isolation of active subforms of α2-macroglobulin (1985)

Anion-exchange chromatography is shown to permit resolution and separation of subforms of the serum glycoprotein alpha 2-macroglobulin. The subforms differ dramatically in their stability as judged by differential scanning calorimetry, undergoing thermally induced unfolding at temperatures of 61 and 69 degrees C respectively. In addition, the proteinase-binding stoichiometry of the subforms differs by a factor of 2, with the more- and less-stable forms binding 2 and 1 mol of proteinase per mol of tetramer respectively. The calorimetric stability of the two forms is differentially affected on treatment with neuraminidase, suggesting that the nature of glycosylation may in part account for the observed differences in physical and functional properties.
Report on dipole-dipole resistivity and technology transfer at the Ahuachapan Geothermal field Ahuachapan, El Salvador (1988)

The Ahuachapan Geothermal Field (AGF) is a 90 megawatt geothermal-sourced powerplant operated by the Comision Ejecutiva Hidroelectrica del Rio Lempa (CEL) of El Salvador. During the period November 1987 through May 1988 a deep resistivity survey and technology transfer was performed at the AGF at the request of Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) as part of a United States Agency for International Development (USAID) project. The resistivity surveying is ongoing at the time of this report under the supervision of CEL personnel. LANL and contract personnel were present at the site during performance of the initial surveying for the purpose of technology transfer. This report presents the results and interpretation of the two initial resistivity survey lines performed on site during and shortly after the technology transfer period.
ChemInform Abstract: A Two‐Photon Resonant Multiphoton Ionization Study of the 3p‐Rydberg . rarw. X Transitions of Cyclopentadiene. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Designing for Workplace Reflection (2018)

Conversational agents stand to play an important role in supporting behavior change and well-being in many domains. With users able to interact with conversational agents through both text and voice, understanding how designing for these channels supports behavior change is important. To begin answering this question, we designed a conversational agent for the workplace that supports workers' activity journaling and self-learning through reflection. Our agent, named Robota, combines chat-based communication as a Slack Bot and voice interaction through a personal device using a custom Amazon Alexa Skill. Through a 3-week controlled deployment, we examine how voice-based and chat-based interaction affect workers' reflection and support self-learning. We demonstrate that, while many current technical limitations exist, adding dedicated mobile voice interaction separate from the already busy chat modality may further enable users to step back and reflect on their work. We conclude with discussion of the implications of our findings to design of workplace self-tracking systems specifically and to behavior-change systems in general.
Correction: Expression of Aquaporin 5 (AQP5) Promotes Tumor Invasion in Human Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (2008)

The aquaporins (AQP) are water channel proteins playing a major role in transcellular and transepithelial water movement. Recently, the role of AQPs in human carcinogenesis has become an area of great interest. Here, by immunohistochemistry (IHC), we have found an expression of AQP5 protein in 35.3% (IHC-score: $1, 144/408) of the resected NSCLC tissue samples. Cases with AQP5-positive status (IHC-score: $2) displayed a higher rate of tumor recurrence than negative ones in NSCLC (54.7% vs. 35.1%, p = 0.005) and worse disease-free survival (p = 0.033; OR = 1.52; 95%CI:1.0422.23). Further in vitro invasion assay using BEAS-2B and NIH3T3 cells stably transfected with overexpression constructs for full length wild-type AQP5 (AQP5) and its two mutants, N185D which blocks membrane trafficking and S156A which blocks phosphorylation on Ser156, showed that AQP5 induced cell invasions while both mutants did not. In BEAS-2B cells, the expression of AQP5 caused a spindle-like and fibroblastic morphologic change and losses of cell-cell contacts and cell polarity. Only cells with AQP5, not either of two mutants, exhibited a loss of epithelial cell markers and a gain of mesenchymal cell markers. In a human SH3-domains protein array, cellular extracts from BEAS-2B with AQP5 showed a robust binding activity to SH3domains of the c-Src, Lyn, and Grap2 C-terminal. Furthermore, in immunoprecipitation assay, activated c-Src, phosphorylated on Tyr416, showed a stronger binding activity to cellular extracts from BEAS-2B with AQP5 compared with N185D or S156A mutant. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis failed to show evidence of genomic amplification, suggesting AQP5 expression as a secondary event. Based on these clinical and molecular observations, we conclude that AQP5, through its phosphorylation on Ser156 and subsequent interaction with c-Src, plays an important role in NSCLC invasion and, therefore, may provide a unique opportunity for developing a novel therapeutic target as well as a prognostic marker in NSCLC.