gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexibility of anisotropic conductive films (ACFS) bonded CIF(Chip In Flex) package for wearable electronics applications (2016)

Due to the increasing demand for higher performance, greater flexibility, smaller size, and lighter weight in mobile electronic products, there have been growing needs of wearable electronic products in near future. Wearable watches, glasses, wrist bands, shoes, and clothes have been recently introduced in the market. To realize wearable electronic products, there should be four core electronic hardware technologies - (1) flexible semiconductor, (2) flexible display, (3) flexible battery and (4) flexible packaging & interconnection technologies. In the flexible semiconductor devices, ICs are thinned down to several hundred nanometer thickness, and then transferred to a polymer film. However, much more development is still needed for the real applications of flexible semiconductors in the future. In contrast, flexible displays are already available by introducing OLED (organic LED) realized on polymer films. And flexible batteries are also demonstrated by several companies by adapting solid electrolytes and so on. However, there has been little development on flexible packaging & interconnection areas. As a one of the promising flexible packaging and interconnection technologies, flexible IC packaging such as COF(Chip On Flex)/CIF(Chip In Flex) technologies using FPCs substrates and ACFs bonding materials become very important for realizing wearable electronic products, because ACFs interconnection provides excellent electrical flexibility compared with conventional solder- or socket-based interconnection methods which have a limitation of bending and flexing. [1]-[3] By attaching the cover adhesive film with a polyimide film to COF packages, CIF packages were successfully fabricated. During both convex and concave dynamic bending test[4], the minimum bending radius of CIF was obtained at no chip-crack condition. After fabrication of CIF packages, the effect of ACFs resin properties on the dynamic bending performance of CIF packages up to 160 k cycles was also investigated. It was found that the lowest modulus resin resulted early delamination between the conductive ball and the electrode interface. For the higher resin modulus of 1.04 GPa, the conductive balls and electrodes interface delamination was significantly suppressed due to lower deformation of ACFs. And among the various conductive ball types, metal coated polymer balls showed no electrical and mechanical failure even after 160K dynamic bending cycles, because the metal coated polymer balls had better compliance compared to the solder ball and Ni ball, which eventually prevented chip crack and ACF contact loss to occur.
Robust fast tracking control for multi-degrees-of-freedom motion system considering torque saturation (2008)

Robust fast continuous path tracking control is the important technology for the multi-degrees-of-freedom position control system such as X-Y table, robot manipulator and so on. Especially, large acceleration and/or deceleration torque is necessary for fast continuous path tracking control at its start position and its goal position. Each motor of high speed path tracking control has the torque limitation. This motor cannot always obtain the enough acceleration and/or deceleration torque due to its torque limitation. Hence, in controlling a multi-degree-of-freedom position control system, even if motor torque of only one axis has torque limitation, the actual position response is not equal to the trajectory reference. In fast continuous path tracking control of multi-degree-of-freedom position control system, the position error sometimes increases according to the unknown disturbance torque and inertia variation. In order to overcome these problems, this paper proposes a new robust fast continuous path tracking control algorithm taking into account both the torque saturation and the coordinated motion, which is based on the robust acceleration control using disturbance observer. The proposed method assures the coordinated motion considering the torque limitation. The effectiveness of the proposed method is confirmed by the experimental results in this paper.
Block-filtered OFDM: A novel waveform for future wireless technologies (2017)

The forthcoming fifth generation of mobile technology (5G) will be designed to satisfy the demands of 2020 and beyond. 5G does not just promise a huge increase in terms of data rates and capacity but it also targets new kind of use cases like Internet of Things or vehicular communications. The currently deployed 4G technology does not provide enough network capabilities to support this wide diversity of applications which has motivated the research on alternative waveforms. In this article, a new promising modulation scheme is introduced: Block-Filtered OFDM (BF-OFDM). The proposed waveform demonstrates an excellent frequency localization and can straightforwardly be integrated with the OFDM know-how and LTE principles. Besides, the proposed waveform relies on a receiver similar to the one used in CP-OFDM. BF-OFDM systems are also scalable, which is an interesting feature in order to steer the network capabilities on demand.
IEEE Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits—Third Issue (2017)

Welcome to the third annual issue of the Journal on Exploratory Solid-State Computational Devices and Circuits (JXCDC), a multidisciplinary, open access IEEE journal that is focused on publishing seminal research in the exploration for energy-efficient computing based on physics and materials to enable new devices, circuits, and architecture that will be of great interest to integrated circuit researchers and those working in the IT industry. The papers in the Journal are selectively chosen to provide insight into the architectural, circuit, and device implications of emerging quantum nanoelectronic and nanomagnetic device technologies. Discovery of new materials, devices, and circuits for energy-efficient computational circuits will be needed to make it possible that Moore’s Law continues for computing beyond the end of the roadmap for CMOS technologies, by enabling a significant improvement in energy efficiency and cost per function.
An audio FIR-DAC in a BCD process for high power class-D amplifiers (2005)

A 322 coefficient semi-digital FIR-DAC using a 1-bit PWM input signal was designed and implemented in a high voltage, audio power bipolar CMOS DMOS (BCD) process. This facilitates digital input signals for an analog class-D amplifier in BCD. The FIR-DAC performance depends on the ISI-resistant nature of this PWM-signal. An impulse response with only positive coefficients was chosen, because of its resistance to deadzone and mismatch. With a DAC current of 0.5 mA, the dynamic range is 111 dB (A-weighted), with SINAD = 103 dB (A-weighted). The current consumption is 1mA for the analog part and 4.8 mA for the digital part. The power consumption is 29 mW at V/sub dd/ = 5 V and the chip area is 2 mm/sup 2/ including the reference diode that can be shared by more channels.
6.4 The distal radioulnar joint (2011)

Abstract DRUJ Stabilizers:♦ Primary: TFCC♦ Secondary: interosseous membrane, extensor retinaculum, dorsal carpal ligament complex, and the forearm muscles especially the pronator quadratus.Investigations:♦ Plain or stress radiography♦ Arthrography♦ CT: for bone alignment especially DRUJ arthritis and subluxation♦ MRI: for soft tissue constraints♦ Arthroscopy.TFCC Pathology:1. Traumatic♦ Central or peripheral♦ Treatment: Central — debridement, Peripheral — repair/decompression.2. Degenerative♦ Mainly due to ulnocarpal impingement♦ Treatment: decompression by shortening or Feldon wafer.DRUJ OA:♦ Treatment: Steroid injection or Surgery♦ Surgical Options♦ Darrach's♦ Partial resection♦ Sauve-Kapandji♦ Replacement.
A haemocyanin model: a synthetic copper(I) complex having imidazole ligands and reversible dioxygen activity (1978)

M. G. Simmons and L. J. Wilson, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 634 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000634
C215 HYDROGEN PRODUCTION BY AUTOTHERMAL REFORMING OF BIOGAS OVER A MONOLITHIC CATALYST(Hydrogen and Reforming-2) (2009)

From the standpoint of the environmental load, it is important to develop the hydrogen production system from methane produced by the fermentation of biomass such as food waste or wood waste. Compared with conventional catalysts such as pellet or Raschig ring type catalysts, monolithic catalyst is consider to be suitable for this process, especially for small-scale applications because it has the advantages such as high geometric surface area and the low pressure drop. We applied monolithic catalyst to autothermal reforming (ATR) of biogas. We examined at the biogasification bench-scale plant in Kyoto to obtain the optimum ratios of Steam/CH_4 (S/C) and O_2/CH_4 (O_2/C). As a result, it was found that the highest hydrogen concentration was attained at O_2/C=0.5 and S/C of 1.5-2.5. Moreover, we confirmed that the consistent performance was obtained under suitable conditions for the feed amount of steam and oxygen for over 800 hours.
Vestibular stimulation in heading estimation (2010)

Purpose: The velocity field during self-motion does not uniquely specify the observer's path. In particular, the velocity field created by linear observer translation plus a gaze rotation is identical to the field created by circular observer translation with gaze direction fixed relative to the path. To solve this ambiguity, the visual system uses other sources of information. When the eye or head rotate, the ensuing extra-retinal signals are used. When the body rotates, otolith signals could provide useful information. We asked whether otolith signals are used in resolving the self-motion ambiguity. Methods: We presented optic flow displays simulating fast linear or curved translation (500 cm/s) across a ground plane. Rotation rate varied from 0-6 deg/sec. If a person is actually on a curved path with centripetal acceleration of a, the resultant gravito-inertial force is applied to the head at an angle whose sine is a. We simulated this force by rotating observers about the roll axis. In order to determine the influence of otolith signals, we independently manipulated the acceleration specified by the optic flow and by the observer's orientation. There were two main conditions: 1) fast curved translation with or without chair roll (retinal images were identical in the two roll conditions) and 2) fast linear translation with or without chair roll (again retinal images identical in the two roll conditions). Observers indicated their perceived path at the end of a 4-sec motion sequence. Results: In both conditions, observers' perceived paths were straighter when the chair was upright. The effect of otolith stimulation was larger in the curved path condition. Conclusions: We showed that the otolith signals provide useful information for self-motion estimation. In particular, they aid the disambiguation of rotations in the optic flow field.
Intensity clamping in the filament of femtosecond laser radiation (2011)

We have studied numerically the evolution of the light field intensity and induced refractive index of a medium upon filamentation of femtosecond laser radiation in air. It is shown that the intensity clamping results from the dynamic balance of optical powers of nonlinear lenses, induced by radiation due to the Kerr nonlinearity of air, and laser plasma produced during photoionisation. We have found the relation between the peak values of the light field intensity and the electron density in laser-produced plasma, as well as the transverse sizes of the filament and the plasma channel.
On the Behavior of the Porous Rotating Disk Electrode (2007)

The behavior of the current from a porous rotating disk electrode (PRDE) as a function of the rotation rate, electrode geometry, and porosity at large overpotentials is studied experimentally. The current shows a much richer behavior than the flat RDE, including a sigmoidal dependence on the rotation rate. At low rotation rates, the measured current is qualitatively similar to that of an RDE, with the current increasing with the square of the rotation rate. However, at a critical rotation rate, which we term the lower critical rotation rate and which depends on the radius, the thickness, and the porosity of the porous disk, the current increases much more rapidly than predicted by the Levich theory. At a larger, upper critical rotation rate, the current increases more slowly and then approaches a plateau. The plateau value greatly exceeds that predicted by Levich and is about 20 times greater than that for a flat electrode. The results are explained in terms of the angular velocity dependence of the ratio of the effective electrochemical reaction time to the residence time of the fluid in the porous disk. A theory is presented that collapses the data onto a universal curve.
An Integrated Computational and Experimental Binding Study Identifies the DNA Binding Domain as the Putative Binding Site of Novel Pyrimidinetrione Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3) Inhibitors (2017)

Objective: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is as a potential drug target for cancer and inflammation. Strategies to block STAT3 dimerization have dominated STAT3 inhibitor discovery, while inhibition of direct STAT3-DNA binding has not been much explored. This study was to identify novel STAT3 inhibitors that may be developed into probes or therapeutics, and to investigate their putative binding site. Methods: A library of in-house compounds was screened against STAT3-DNA binding using an electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Inhibition of DNA and STAT3:STAT3 or STAT3:STAT1 interaction and antiproliferative activity in STAT3 expressing or STAT3 knockout cells were tested. Pharmacophore modeling and 3D-QSAR; and docking with molecular mechanics generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) refinement were also undertaken at the STAT3 SH2 and STAT3 DNA binding domains. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis was done to determine STAT3 domain interactions. Organic synthesis was also undertaken. Results: Pyrimidinetriones derivatives were identified as novel STAT3 inhibitors, with activity in low micromolar concentrations. Application of 3D-QSAR and docking analysis with MM-GBSA refinement suggested that the compounds bind at the STAT3-DNA binding interface, and not at the SH2 domain where most current STAT3 inhibitors are thought to bind. The results were confirmed with SPR analysis, pointing to the DNA binding domain (DBD) as the putative binding site of this novel class of STAT3 inhibitors. The analysis guided the synthesis of active novel compounds. Conclusion: Pyrimidinetrione were identified as new STAT3 inhibitors that putatively bind at the STAT3 DBD. This study is an excellent example of the use of QSAR and structure-based design to aid the identification of putative ligand binding sites on proteins. The compounds will provide new tools for studying STAT3 biology; and also serve as potential leads for the development of new therapeutics against STAT3 to fight or study diseases such as cancer and inflammation.
Molybdenum Atomic Layer Deposition Using MoF6 and Si2H6 as the Reactants (2011)

Mo ALD has been demonstrated by fluorosilane elimination chemistry using MoF6 and Si2H6 as the reactants. The nucleation and growth characteristics of Mo ALD were investigated using a variety of in situ and ex situ techniques in both high vacuum and viscous flow reactors. Quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) investigations showed that Mo ALD has significant growth rate of 500−600 ng/cm2 per cycle or 6−7 Å per cycle for temperatures between 90 and 150 °C. The large growth rates could result from extra Mo deposition by MoF6 → Mo + 3F2 that may be facilitated by the very exothermic reaction of MoF6 with silicon-containing surface species. The QCM studies revealed that the Mo ALD surface chemistry is self-limiting. The QCM and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) studies indicated that Mo ALD nucleates very rapidly on Al2O3 ALD surfaces and reaches the linear growth regime after only 4−5 ALD cycles. Oscillatory behavior for the total mass gain and individual mass gains was observed versus ALD cycle number during the nucleation region. The AES studies revealed that Mo films grown in a high vacuum reactor do not contain silicon impurities. In contrast to the AES results, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) analysis showed that Mo ALD films grown in a viscous flow reactor contain ∼16 at % Si impurities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis confirmed the presence of silicon and showed that varying temperature, precursor dose and purge parameters did not lower the Si impurities significantly. Glancing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) studies indicated that Mo ALD films were nanocrystalline. The Si impurities may exist at grain boundaries or amorphous Mo silicides as a result of Si2H6 decomposition during the highly exothermic fluorosilane elimination reaction. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed that MoFx surface species are reduced to metallic Mo during the Si2H6 exposure. Because of its rapid nucleation rate, Mo ALD films could serve as ultrathin continuous conducting films or as adhesion layers for other metal ALD systems on oxide surfaces.
Index-Based Assessment of Voltage Rise and Reverse Power Flow Phenomena in a Distribution Feeder Under High PV Penetration (2015)

The proliferation of photovoltaic (PV) generation in low- and medium-voltage distribution networks is expected to continue. Qualified studies can quantify adverse impacts of high PV penetration on distribution networks and assist utilities in decision making. This paper proposes an index-based methodology for assessing the impact of high solar PV generation, considering the reverse power flow and voltage rise phenomena. Indices are defined that link these two phenomena and their impact on the voltage profile across the feeder. This assessment relies on detailed modeling of the network and the solar PV generation components, which are performed over a 24-h window. Results are presented for a modified 13-bus IEEE test network, emulating a weak network with three-phase balanced loads. This methodology can only be applied to three-phase balanced networks. Actual insolation levels and load profiles are used to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed indices. This paper derives the acceptable range of the proposed indices and safe margin, which have been compared with the basic active power curtailment method with no constraint, in order to avoid voltage rise. The IEEE 69-bus network is also modified and assessed for voltage rise due to reverse power flow and compared before and after applying the proposed methodology.
Horning-Crown Macrocycles:  Novel Hybrids of Calixarenes and Crown Ethers (2004)

[reaction: see text] Novel macrocycles possessing ether linkages and 2,6-disubstituted phenolics were produced in one step and with 100% atom economy by isoaromatization of chameleon macrocyclic precursors possessing 2,6-diarylidenecyclohexanone moieties. Intramolecular hydrogen bonding of the phenolic hydrogen atoms influenced the shape of the macrocycles and dictated host-guest behavior.
Study of interconnection process for fine pitch flip chip (2009)

Today, flip chip technology is a main stream of interconnection in microelectronic packaging and market forces continue to drive toward finer pitch interconnections. In this paper, fine pitch flip chip (FPFC) interconnection technology (i.e., less than 60 mum pitch) will be described. Two types of 50 mum pitch bump (Au stud & Cu pillar) will be evaluated and two different flip-chip (FC) bonding methods will be studied. Package structures of bare die flip-chip CSP (chip scale package) and also over molded version will be studied for reliability performance and volume assembly fit. For characterization, structure analysis will be performed at each reliability read point. Finally this paper will conclude by identifying the most robust bonding method for the FPFC devices.
Semi-automatic classification of bird vocalizations using spectral peak tracks (2006)

Automatic off-line classification and recognition of bird vocalizations has been a subject of interest to ornithologists and pattern detection researchers for many years. Several new applications, including bird vocalization classification for aircraft bird strike avoidance, will require real time classification in the presence of noise and other disturbances. The vocalizations of many common bird species can be represented using a sum-of-sinusoids model. An experiment using computer software to perform peak tracking of spectral analysis data demonstrates the usefulness of the sum-of-sinusoids model for rapid automatic recognition of isolated bird syllables. The technique derives a set of spectral features by time-variant analysis of the recorded bird vocalizations, then performs a calculation of the degree to which the derived parameters match a set of stored templates that were determined from a set of reference bird vocalizations. The results of this relatively simple technique are favorable for both clean and noisy recordings.
Dendritic Cells Capture Killed Tumor Cells and Present Their Antigens to Elicit Tumor-Specific Immune Responses (2000)

Due to their capacity to induce primary immune responses, dendritic cells (DC) are attractive vectors for immunotherapy of cancer. Yet the targeting of tumor Ags to DC remains a challenge. Here we show that immature human monocyte-derived DC capture various killed tumor cells, including Jurkat T cell lymphoma, malignant melanoma, and prostate carcinoma. DC loaded with killed tumor cells induce MHC class I- and class II-restricted proliferation of autologous CD8+ and CD4+ T cells, demonstrating cross-presentation of tumor cell-derived Ags. Furthermore, tumor-loaded DC elicit expansion of CTL with cytotoxic activity against the tumor cells used for immunization. CTL elicited by DC loaded with the PC3 prostate carcinoma cell bodies kill another prostate carcinoma cell line, DU145, suggesting recognition of shared Ags. Finally, CTL elicited by DC loaded with killed LNCap prostate carcinoma cells, which express prostate specific Ag (PSA), are able to kill PSA peptide-pulsed T2 cells. This demonstrates that induced CTL activity is not only due to alloantigens, and that alloantigens do not prevent the activation of T cells specific for tumor-associated Ags. This approach opens the possibility of using allogeneic tumor cells as a source of tumor Ag for antitumor therapies.
Elastic WDM optoelectronic crossbar switch with on-chip wavelength control (2017)

We present an 8×8 ring resonator based crossbar switch for WDM networks in data centers. The switch can dynamically allocate bandwidth and is equipped with an on-chip wavelength reference for tuning the ring resonators to the specific channels.