gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Load-Adaptive Control Algorithm of Half-Bridge Series Resonant Inverter for Domestic Induction Heating (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Domestic induction cookers operation is based on a resonant inverter which supplies medium-frequency currents (20–100 kHz) to an inductor, which heats up the pan. The variable load that is inherent to this application requires the use of a reliable and load-adaptive control algorithm. In addition, a wide output power range is required to get a satisfactory user performance. In this paper, a control algorithm to cover the variety of loads and the output power range is proposed. The main design criteria are efficiency, power balance, acoustic noise, flicker emissions, and user performance. As a result of the analysis, frequency limit and power level limit algorithms are proposed based on square wave and pulse density modulations. These have been implemented in a field-programmable gate array, including output power feedback and mains-voltage zero-cross-detection circuitry. An experimental verification has been performed using a commercial induction heating inverter. This provides a convenient experimental test bench to analyze the viability of the proposed algorithm. </para>
Nanoporous membranes for medical and biological applications (2020)

Synthetic nanoporous materials have numerous potential biological and medical applications that involve sorting, sensing, isolating and releasing biological molecules. Nanoporous systems engineered to mimic natural filtration systems are actively being developed for use in smart implantable drug delivery systems, bioartificial organs, and other novel nano-enabled medical devices. Recent advances in nanoscience have made it possible to precisely control the morphology as well as physical and chemical properties of the pores in nanoporous materials that make them increasingly attractive for regulating and sensing transport at the molecular level. In this work, an overview of nanoporous membranes for biomedical applications is given. Various in vivo and in vitro membrane applications, including biosensing, biosorting, immunoisolation and drug delivery, are presented. Different types of nanoporous materials and their fabrication techniques are discussed with an emphasis on membranes with ordered pores. Desirable properties of membranes used in implantable devices, including biocompatibility and antibiofouling behavior, are discussed. The use of surface modification techniques to improve the function of nanoporous membranes is reviewed. Despite the extensive research carried out in fabrication, characterization, and modeling of nanoporous materials, there are still several challenges that must be overcome in order to create synthetic nanoporous systems that behave similarly to their biological counterparts.
Oxidoreductase Catalyzed Polymerization of 3-Methylpyrrole (2011)

A one-pot, environmentally friendly enzymatic method is described for the synthesis a polypyrrole derivative, poly(3-methylpyrrole) (poly(3-MP)) in an aqueous solvent system. The enzyme, soybean peroxidase (SBP), was shown to successfully polymerize the beta functionalized pyrrole monomer. The resulting polymer was semiconducting, thermally stable, and exhibited bipolaron absorptions when synthesized in the presence of poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS). Polymers synthesized in the presence of 10-camphor sulfonic acid (CSA) were found to exhibit slightly higher conductivity values, but were less thermally stable compared to poly(3-MP) polymerized in the presence of PSS. This work should stimulate further interest in expanding the use of enzymes as catalysts for the polymerization of other pyrrole derivatives, as well as other classes of conjugated polymers.
Automatic Localization of Target Vertebrae in Spine Surgery (2015)

N/A.
Robustness and Generalization to Nearest Categories (2020)

Adversarial robustness has emerged as a desirable property for neural networks. Prior work shows that robust networks perform well in some out-of-distribution generalization tasks, such as transfer learning and outlier detection. We uncover a different kind of out-of-distribution generalization property of such networks, and find that they also do well in a task that we call nearest category generalization (NCG) - given an out-of-distribution input, they tend to predict the same label as that of the closest training example. We empirically show that this happens even when the out-of-distribution inputs lie outside the robustness radius of the training data, which suggests that these networks may generalize better along unseen directions on the natural image manifold than arbitrary unseen directions. We examine how performance changes when we change the robustness regions during training. We then design experiments to investigate the connection between out-of-distribution detection and nearest category generalization. Taken together, our work provides evidence that robust neural networks may resemble nearest neighbor classifiers in their behavior on out-of-distribution data. The code is available at this https URL
Performance and cost tradeoffs in Web search (2004)

Web search engines crawl the web to fetch the data that they index. In this paper we re-examine that need, and evaluate the network costs associated with data acquisition, and alternative ways in which a search service might be supported. As a concrete example, we make use of the Research Finder search service provided at http://rf.panopticsearch.com, and information derived from its crawl and query logs. Based upon an analysis of the Research Finder system we introduce a hybrid arrangement, in which queries are evaluated partially by reference to a centrally maintained index representing a subset of the collection, and partially by referring them on to the local search services maintained by the balance of the collection. We also examine various ways in which crawling costs can be reduced.
Differential Mode Input Filter Design for a Three-Phase Buck-Type PWM Rectifier Based on Modeling of the EMC Test Receiver (2006)

For a three-phase buck-type pulsewidth modulation rectifier input stage of a high-power telecommunications power supply module, a differential-mode (DM) electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) filter is designed for compliance to CISPR 22 Class B in the frequency range of 150 kHz-30 MHz. The design is based on a harmonic analysis of the rectifier input current and a mathematical model of the measurement procedure including the line impedance stabilization network (LISN) and the test receiver. Guidelines for a successful filter design are given, and components for a 5-kW rectifier prototype are selected. Furthermore, formulas for the estimation of the quasi-peak detector output based on the LISN output voltage spectrum are provided. The damping of filter resonances is optimized for a given attenuation in order to facilitate a higher stability margin for system control. Furthermore, the dependence of the filter input and output impedances and the attenuation characteristic on the inner mains impedance are discussed. As experimentally verified by using a three-phase common-/Differential-Mode separator, this procedure allows accurate prediction of the converter DM conducted emission levels and therefore could be employed in the design process of the rectifier system to ensure compliance to relevant EMC standards
Demo (2014)

We propose an augmented reality system on off-the-shelves smartphones which allows random physical object tagging. At later times, such tags could be retrieved from different locations and orientations. Our approach does not require any additional infrastructure support, localization scheme, specialized camera, or modification to smartphone's operating system. Designed and developed for current generation smartphones, our application shows promising initial results with retrieval accuracy of 82% in indoor environment without noticeable impact on the user experience.
Alternative Fluoropolymers to Avoid the Challenges Associated with Perfluorooctanoic Acid (2007)

The degradation of stain-resistant coating materials leads to the release of biopersistent perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) to the environment. In order to find the environmentally friendly substitutes, we have designed and synthesized a series of nonbiopersistant fluorinated polymers containing perfluorobutyl groups in the side chains. The surface properties of the new coating materials were characterized by static and dynamic contact angle measurements. The new coating materials demonstrate promising hydrophobic and oleophobic properties with low surfaces tensions. The wetting properties and surface structure of the polymers were tuned by varying the “spacer” structures between the polymer backbones and the perfluorinated groups of the side chains. The relationship between orientations of the fluorinated side chains and performances of polymer surfaces were further investigated by near-edge X-ray fine absorption structure (NEXAFS) experiments and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Pepsin properties, structure, and its accurate measurement: a narrative review (2021)

Abstract: Pepsin is an aspartate protease that is generated from its proenzyme, pepsinogen by autocatalysis initiated by a fall in pH below 5. Human gastric juice contains eight isoenzymes of pepsin. The peptides released on conversion of pepsinogen to pepsin of which there are potentially five, have been shown to have antimicrobial activity against a wide range of bacteria including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus which have also been shown to have biofilm formation inhibiting properties. The stability in response to changes in pH varies between pepsin and pepsinogen. Pepsinogen is stable up to pH 10, pepsin is only stable to pH just above 7.0 and is completely denatured at pH 8.0. Many diseases of the aerodigestive tract have been linked to reflux and the presence of pepsin. Therefore, the measurement of pepsin in tissue and lavages or in saliva or sputum, could be a good screening tool for the diagnosis of reflux related disease. However, there is no current consensus as to the best methods to measure it or the best time to sample it. For an effective pepsin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), the following is required; a monoclonal/monospecific polyclonal antibody with a good lowest level of detection (LLOD) and sensitivity 1–25 ng/mL (depending on dilution) and an adequate supply of purified human pepsin as a standard for antibody-based assays. If possible, an activity assay for pepsin should also be used as the presence of pepsin protein does not indicate it is capable of damaging activity. Finally, if pepsin is associated with a disease large studies are required to confirm it with multiple samples. This review deals with several studies where pepsin quantitation is attempted, and their measurement techniques assessed.
Clinical Evaluation of Zero-Echo-Time MR Imaging for the Segmentation of the Skull (2015)

This is the first, to our knowledge, clinical evaluation of skull bone identification based on a ZTE sequence. The results suggest that proton density-weighted ZTE imaging is an efficient means of obtaining high-resolution maps of bone tissue with sufficient anatomic accuracy for, for example, PET attenuation correction.
Three Signals and a Master Switch in the Regulation of T-cell Immunity (1999)

T lymphocytes recognize antigen as peptides bound tomajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules onthe surface of antigen presenting cells (APC). BecauseMHC molecules are promiscuous in peptide binding, Tcell epitopes are generally displayed at low copy number.Therefore, T cells must be not only very sensitive, butalso highly specific, since they must detect a very smallnumber of antigenic peptide–MHC complexes among anexcess of highly homologous complexes of the sameMHC molecules carrying a variety of self-peptides. In addition, T cells must be able to discriminate the context inwhich antigen is presented to mount an effector responseof the appropriate intensity and quality to fightpathogens, while ignoring innocuous and self-antigens...
A System in Package Based on a Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducer Matrix for Ranging Applications (2021)

This paper proposes a system in package (SiP) for ultrasonic ranging composed of a 4 × 8 matrix of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducers (PMUT) and an interface integrated circuit (IC). The PMUT matrix is fabricated using the PiezoMUMPS process and the IC is implemented in the AMS 0.35 µm technology. Simulation results for the PMUT are compared to the measurement results, and an equivalent circuit has been derived to allow a better approximation of the load of the PMUT on the IC. The control circuit is composed of a high-voltage pulser to drive the PMUT for transmission and of a transimpedance amplifier to amplify the received echo. The working frequency of the system is 1.5 MHz.
Lysine-Specific Demethylase 2 Suppresses Lipid Influx and Metabolism in Hepatic Cells (2015)

Cells link environmental fluctuations, such as nutrition, to metabolic remodeling. Epigenetic factors are thought to be involved in such cellular processes, but the molecular basis remains unclear. Here we report that the lysine-specific demethylase 2 (LSD2) suppresses the flux and metabolism of lipids to maintain the energy balance in hepatic cells. Using transcriptome and chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing analyses, we revealed that LSD2 represses the genes involved in lipid influx and metabolism through demethylation of histone H3K4. Selective recruitment of LSD2 at lipid metabolism gene loci was mediated in part by a stress-responsive transcription factor, c-Jun. Intriguingly, LSD2 depletion increased the intracellular levels of many lipid metabolites, which was accompanied by an increased susceptibility to toxic cell damage in response to fatty acid exposure. Our data demonstrate that LSD2 maintains metabolic plasticity under fluctuating environment in hepatocytes by mediating the cross talk between the epigenome and metabolism.
“Two hits - one stone”; increased efficacy of cisplatin-based therapies by targeting PCNA’s role in both DNA repair and cellular signaling (2018)

Low response rate and rapid development of resistance against commonly used chemotherapeutic regimes demand new multi-targeting anti-cancer strategies. In this study, we target the stress-related roles of the scaffold protein PCNA with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the PCNA-interacting motif APIM. The APIM-peptide increased the efficacy of cisplatin-based therapies in a muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) solid tumor model in rat and in bladder cancer (BC) cell lines. By combining multiple omics-levels, from gene expression to proteome/kinome and metabolome, we revealed a unique downregulation of the EGFR/ERBB2 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways in the APIM-peptide-cisplatin combination treated cells. Additionally, the combination treatment reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins and proteins involved in development of resistance to cisplatin. Concurrently, we observed increased levels of DNA breaks in combination treated cells, suggesting that the APIM-peptide impaired PCNA - DNA repair protein interactions and reduced the efficacy of repair. This was also seen in cisplatin-resistant cells, which notably was re-sensitized to cisplatin by the APIM-peptide. Our data indicate that the increased efficacy of cisplatin treatment is mediated both via downregulation of known oncogenic signaling pathways and inhibition of DNA repair/translesion synthesis (TLS), thus the APIM-peptide hits both nuclear and cytosolic functions of PCNA. The novel multi-targeting strategy of the APIM-peptide could potentially improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutic regiments for treatment of MIBC, and likely other solid tumors.
Retinal Vascular Caliber Changes after Intravitreal Triamcinolone Treatment for Diabetic Macular Edema (2008)

IVTA has a significant narrowing effect on both retinal arteriolar and venular diameter in eyes with diabetic macular edema (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00148330).
ChemInform Abstract: Some Recent Studies into the Use of Enzymes in Organic Synthesis (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Comprehensive analysis of platelet glycoprotein Ibα glycosylation (2022)

Abstract Background Platelet glycoprotein (GP) Ibα is the major ligand-binding subunit of the GPIb-IX-V complex that binds von Willebrand Factor (VWF). GPIbα is heavily glycosylated, and its glycans have been proposed to play key roles in platelet clearance, VWF binding, and as target antigens in immune thrombocytopenia syndromes. Despite its importance in platelet biology, the glycosylation profile of GPIbα is not well characterized. Objectives The aim of this study was to comprehensively analyze GPIbα amino acid sites of glycosylation (glycosites) and glycan structures. Methods GPIbα ectodomain that was recombinantly expressed or that was purified from human platelets was analyzed by Western blot, mass spectrometry (MS) glycomics, and MS glycoproteomics to define glycosites and the structures of the attached glycans. Results We identified a diverse repertoire of N- and O-glycans, including sialoglycans, Tn antigen, T antigen, and ABH blood group antigens. In the analysis of the recombinant protein, we identified 62 unique O-glycosites. In the analysis of the endogenous protein purified from platelets, we identified at least 48 unique O-glycosites and 1 N-glycosite. The GPIbα mucin domain is densely O-glycosylated. Glycosites are also located within the macroglycopeptide domain and mechanosensory domain (MSD). Conclusions This comprehensive analysis of GPIbα glycosylation lays the foundation for further studies to determine the functional and structural roles of GPIbα glycans. Essentials - Glycosylation of glycoprotein Ibα (GPIbα) is important for platelet function. - We report a comprehensive and site-specific analysis of human GPIbα glycosylation. - GPIbα carries sialoglycans, Tn antigen, T antigen, and ABO blood group (ABH) antigens. - We experimentally determined 48 O-glycosites and 1 N-glycosite by mass spectrometry.
Recovered efficiency of optical regeneration control on dispersion-managed solitons : analysis and application to a 32×40 Gbit/s transoceanic system (2002)

We numerically demonstrate that a local conversion from dispersion-managed soliton to nonlinear Schrodinger soliton restores the efficiency of optical regeneration control and enables the transmission of 32/spl times/40 Gbit/s over transoceanic distances with high spectral efficiency (1.4 nm channel spacing).
Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: A Sexually Transmissible Infection? (1999)

We examined sexual behavior as a risk factor for Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) infection and examined the relation between KSHV seropositivity and development of KS in cross-sectional and cohort studies of 130 homosexual men diagnosed with AIDS in Sydney, Australia during the period from 1991 to 1993. KSHV serology was measured using antibody tests to latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA) and lytically expressed open reading frame (ORF) 65.2. In the cross-sectional analysis, 52% (68) of study subjects were KSHV-seropositive by either assay. KSHV-seropositive men were significantly more likely to be seropositive to both herpes simplex type 2 (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2-7.5 for LANA and OR 2.8; 95% CI, 1.3-6.0 for ORF 65) and hepatitis A virus (OR 2.2; 95% CI, 1.1-4.5 for ORF 65). KSHV-seropositive men reported nonsignificantly more casual sexual partners and were nonsignificantly more likely to report insertive oroanal contact with casual partners. These data suggest that KSHV might be sexually transmitted among homosexual men. Men were observed until October 1996 for development of KS. Those seropositive to either KSHV assay at baseline were more likely than the seronegative to develop KS during follow-up (rate ratio [RR] 4.4; 95% CI, 1.9-10.2). Of those seropositive for KSHV, 53% developed KS.
Effect of ion implanted germanium profile on the characteristics of Si 1− x Ge x /Si heterojunction bipolar transistors (1993)

An optimum profile for Ge ion implantation in SiGe/Si heterojunction bipolar transistors is determined by using a twodimensional simulator code for advanced semiconductor devices. The simulation code is based on a two-dimensional drift-diffusion model for heterostructure degenerate semiconductors with nonparabolicity included in the energy band structure. The model allows accurate simulations of carrier transport in short base devices. The simulation results indicate that for high current gain the Ge profile maximum must be close to the base-collector junction, and that the unavoidable tail of the implanted germanium in the collector region does not deteriorate the gain.
31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of steady-state adenosine 5′-triphosphate levels during graded hypoxia in the isolated perfused rat kidney (1988)

1. A model of controlled hypoxia in the isolated perfused rat kidney has been used to compare the extent of reduction in the steady-state level of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) from that initially observed with alterations in renal function and with the development of tubular cell injury. 2. ATP depletion was observed in response to decreased total oxygen delivery even when delivery greatly exceeded consumption and the venous oxygen tension remained in excess of 150 mmHg. 3. Increases in the fractional excretion of sodium occurred progressively below an apparent threshold value of whole kidney ATP of approximately 80% of the baseline. 4. With modestly decreased oxygen delivery, cellular injury was confined to deep proximal tubule and medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop. Severely decreased oxygen delivery rates were associated with cellular damage spreading throughout the cortex. 5. Even the smallest reductions in whole kidney ATP were associated with morphological damage to tubular cells. The extent of reduction in whole kidney ATP was closely correlated and approximately equivalent to the calculated volume of injured cells. 6. Our results indicate that reduction in whole kidney ATP during decreased oxygen delivery is a valid marker of the extent of injurious cellular hypoxia and are consistent with the view that cellular ATP concentrations in hypoxia are markedly inhomogeneous. They support the hypothesis that specific regions of the perfused kidney become critically hypoxic and develop cellular injury while overall oxygen delivery remains high. Areas at risk include deep proximal tubule as well as the medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop.