gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The influence of temporal cake moisture content on a discontinuous washing process in the centrifugal field (2009)

Abstract In solid/liquid separation processes, filter cake washing is an essential step in improving the quality of particulate products by elimination of impurities. During cake washing and dewatering, the cake saturation changes depending on the flow conditions and it cannot always be measured and controlled accurately. This article deals with investigations on the influence of the initial and temporal cake saturation on washing PVC and silica sand particles in the centrifugal field. It was found, that high initial saturation levels and high maximum saturations during the washing process had a positive impact in inducing a high hydrostatic pressure for advective flow and enabling a homogeneous distribution of the wash water inside the cake. This was achieved by increasing the wash water flux and/or decreasing the g‐factor. A good method to obtain low final impurity quantity is the combination of washing at a low g‐factor and dewatering at a high one. © 2009 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2009
Label-free Lipidome Study of Paraventricular Thalamic Nucleus (PVT) of Rat Brain with Post-Traumatic Stress Injury by Raman Imaging (2020)

&lt;a&gt;Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a widespread psychiatric injury that develops serious life-threatening symptoms like substance abuse, severe depression, cognitive impairments and persistent anxiety. However, the mechanisms of post-traumatic stress injury in brain is poorly understood due to the lack of practical methods to reveal biochemical alterations in various brain regions affected by this type of injury. Here, we introduce a novel method that provides quantitative results from Raman maps in paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) region. By means of this approach, we have shown a lipidome comparison in PVT regions of control and PTSD rat brains. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry was also employed for validation of the Raman results. Lipid alterations can reveal invaluable information regarding the PTSD mechanisms in affected regions of brain. We have showed that the concentration of cholesterol, cholesteryl palmitate, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, sphingomyelin, ganglioside, glyceryl tripalmitate and sulfatide changes in the PVT region of PTSD compared to control rats. Higher concentration of cholesterol suggests the higher level of corticosterone in brain.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;sup&gt;1&lt;/sup&gt; Moreover, concentration changes of phospholipids and sphingolipids suggest the alteration of phospholipase A2 (PLA2) which is associated with inflammatory processes in the brain. Our results have broadened the understanding of biomolecular mechanisms for PTSD in PVT region of brain. This is the first report regarding the application of Raman spectroscopy for PTSD studies. This method has a wide spectrum of applications and can be applied to various other brain related disorders or other regions of brain.
Dispersion management in optical fiber links: self-consistent solution for the RMS pulse parameters (1998)

It is now widely recognized that the so-called technique of dispersion management represents a major headway for both NRZ and soliton communication systems (for a recent review, see [1,2]). Thanks to a low average dispersion, the Gordon-Haus timing jitter, deleterious to soliton systems, can be minimized and the observed enhancement of the pulse's energy implies a better signal-to-noise ratio, hence improving the bit-error rate at the reception. The main predictions of numerical simulations having been confirmed experimentally [3,4], it now seems natural to look for simple design tools in order to optimize future dispersion-managed soliton communication links.
Transient gratings and second-harmonic probing of the phase transformation of a GaAs surface under femtosecond laser irradiation (1992)

Using a transient-grating diffraction technique, we have compared the ultrafast dynamics of the linear reflectivity from a GaAs surface at the fundamental and second-harmonic frequencies with the dynamics of the second-harmonic generation (SHG) in reflection at an excitation level exceeding the melting threshold. It is shown that the ultrafast (within 100 fs) drop in the SHG efficiency cannot be accounted for by changes in the linear dielectric susceptibility that take place on a longer time scale. This fact indicates a fast change of the long-range crystalline symmetry of GaAs within a semiconductorlike phase, preceding a transition to the metallic phase as the crystal is melted.
Cognitive brain responses during circadian wake-promotion: evidence for sleep-pressure-dependent hypothalamic activations (2017)

The two-process model of sleep-wake regulation posits that sleep-wake-dependent homeostatic processes interact with the circadian timing system to affect human behavior. The circadian timing system is fundamental to maintaining stable cognitive performance, as it counteracts growing homeostatic sleep pressure during daytime. Using magnetic resonance imaging, we explored brain responses underlying working memory performance during the time of maximal circadian wake-promotion under varying sleep pressure conditions. Circadian wake-promoting strength was derived from the ability to sleep during an evening nap. Hypothalamic BOLD activity was positively linked to circadian wake-promoting strength under normal, but not under disproportionally high or low sleep pressure levels. Furthermore, higher hypothalamic activity under normal sleep pressure levels predicted better performance under sleep loss. Our results reappraise the two-process model by revealing a homeostatic-dose-dependent association between circadian wake-promotion and cognition-related hypothalamic activity.
Development of the Department of Ophthalmology at Osaka University (2013)

Osaka University is one of the largest national universities and the sixth oldest university in Japan. Its academic roots extend to Tekijuku and Kaitokudo in the Edo period. Osaka University has the motto, "Live Locally, Grow Globally." This means that they work for their own local community and also work worldwide at the same time.The Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine is famous for basic research in immunology, including research on interleukin 6 and innate immunity, and translational research for regenerative medicine. Osaka University Hospital has 31 clinical departments and 2159 staff members, including 834 physicians. It serves 2515 outpatients and 940 inpatients per day. Approximately 8500 surgeries are performed every year. The Department of Ophthalmology at Osaka University is one of the largest ophthalmology departments in Japan. It has 24 faculty members, 9 graduate school students, and 9 residents. It has had 9 professors throughout its history. Their department has also produced active professors in the wide field of ophthalmology.Their department is known for a large amount of high clinical activity. Their advanced clinical practice performs translational research on the regenerative medicine of the cornea, artificial retina, diagnostic instruments and tools, apoptosis of photoreceptors, and drug discovery. Many ophthalmologists and staff members have contributed to the development of the Department of Ophthalmology at Osaka University.
A signal adaptive diffusion filter for video coding: improved parameter selection (2019)

michael schfer, anastasia henkel, heiko schwarz, detlev marpe and
Multicenter Prospective Survey of Prognosis of Hypertensive Elderly Outpatient under Antihypertesive Treatment. Morbidity and Mortality of Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer. (1999)

Although calcium-channel blockers and angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors are often used for treatment of hypertension in the elderly in Japan compared to those in the United States and in European countries, there have been few investigations on the prognosis of the elderly receiving these antihypertensive treatments. The Research Group for "Guidelines on the Treatment of Hypertension in the Elderly" collaborated with the Comprehensive Research Projects on Aging and Health group of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan in performing a 3-year survey on the outcome of 700 hypertensive elderly outpatients (> or = 60 years) receiving treatment of antihypertensive drugs. Antihypertensive drugs including dihydropyridine-type calcium channel blockers, beta blockers, angiotensin-I-converting enzyme inhibitors, diltiazem, diuretics and old-type antihypertensives (hydralazine, budralazine, and centrally acting drugs such as clonidine, methyldopa and guanabenz) were administered to 71.3%, 30.4%, 26.2%, 14.0%, 8.6%, and 6.4% of the 642 elderly patients surveyed for three years, at the time of registration, respectively. Morbidity and mortality rates of total cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and heart diseases, were 27.6 and 7.81/1,000 patient-years, 15.1 and 3.6/1,000 patient-years, 10.4 and 4.2/1,000 patient-years, respectively. These results were similar or even better than those of megatrials of antihypertensive treatments for elderly patients in Europe and United States. After adjustment for potential confounding factors, multiple logistic analysis revealed that a past history of ischemic heart disease, use of the old-type antihypertensive drugs, male gender, and diastolic high blood pressure were independent risk factors for the morbidity of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases taking the group of non-cerebro-cardiovascular disease as the reference group. We also identified 22 cases of newly occurred malignancies including 7 fatal cases. However, none of the antihypertensives was significantly related to the occurrence of malignancies. These results lead support to the tendencies in the use of antihypertensive drugs in Japan.
Cyclic melanotropins. Part VII: Modified ring structures--synthesis and biological activity. (1984)

The highly potent cyclic analogue of alpha-MSH, Ac-[Cys4,Cys10]-alpha-MSH4-13-NH2, was structurally modified in position 4. Four analogues were prepared and their biological activities in the in vitro frog and lizard skin bioassays were determined. It was shown that removing the terminal acetylamino group to give [Mpa4,Cys10]-alpha-MSH4-13-NH2 resulted in little change in the biological activity, but a change in the stereochemistry of cysteine in position 4 to give Ac-[D-Cys4,Cys10[-alpha-MSH4-a3-NH2 led to a small decrease of activity in both bioassays. Decreasing the size of the intramolecular ring by removing one methylene group to give [Maa2,Cys10]-alpha-MSH4-13-NH2, resulted in an analogue with lower activities in both assays (about 3 times in the lizard and 500 times in the frog), and increasing the size of the righ by methylene group to give Ac-[Hcy4,Cys10]-alpha-MSH4-13-NH2 led to much lower activities in the lizard system and similar effects were seen upon decreasing the ring size in the frog skin assay.
Manual curation and phylogenetic analysis of chitinase family genes in the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (2022)

Chitinases are enzymes that digest the polysaccharide polymer chitin. During insect development, breakdown of chitin is an essential step in molting of the exoskeleton. Knockdown of chitinases required for molting is lethal to insects, making chitinase genes an interesting target for RNAi-based pest control methods. The Asian citrus psyllid, <i>Diaphorina citri</i>, carries the bacterium causing Huanglongbing, or citrus greening disease, a devastating citrus disease. We identified and annotated 12 chitinase family genes from <i>D. citri</i> as part of a community effort to create high-quality gene models to aid the design of interdictory molecules for pest control. We categorized the <i>D. citri</i> chitinases according to an established classification scheme and re-evaluated the classification of chitinases in other hemipterans. In addition to chitinases from known groups, we identified a novel class of chitinases present in <i>D. citri</i> and several related hemipterans that appears to be the result of horizontal gene transfer.
Tunable Solid Acid Catalyst Thin Films Prepared by Atomic Layer Deposition (2022)

Solid acid catalysts, including zeolites and amorphous silica-aluminas (ASAs), are industrially important materials widely used in the fuel and petrochemical industries. The versatility of zeolites is due to the Brønsted acidity of the bridging hydroxyl and shape selectivity that can be tailored during and after synthesis. This is in contrast to amorphous silica-alumina, where tailoring acidity is a major challenge as the Brønsted acid structure in ASA is still debated. In both cases, however, the pore size and acidity cannot be tuned independently, and this is particularly limiting in the application of biomass conversion, where zeolite pores are too small for the molecules of interest. Herein, we present a method using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare thin films of solid acid materials where the ratio of Brønsted to Lewis acid sites can be tuned precisely. This capability, combined with the sub-nm pore size control afforded by ALD yields a powerful and flexible method for synthesizing solid acid catalysts inside virtually any mesoporous host. We demonstrate the utility of these materials in two acid-catalyzed reactions relevant to biomass conversion: (1) Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley-Oppenauer (MPVO) reaction and dehydration of fructose and (2) cascade reaction of glucose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. Finally, we propose a plausible structure for the Brønsted acid sites in our materials based on infrared spectroscopy and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and density functional theory calculations and argue that this same structure might apply to conventional ASAs as well.
Development of a four-layer DOI detector composed of Zr-doped GSO scintillators and a high sensitive multi-anode PMT (2012)

We are developing an open-type PET scanner "Open PET" dedicated to in-beam imaging for carbon ion therapy. In this paper, we developed a 4-layered depth of interaction (DOI) detector suitable for the OpenPET. In a small OpenPET prototype we have previously developed, LGSO scintillator was used in expectation of its large scintillation photon yield and high stopping power. However, in in-beam PET use, we found that self luminescence of Lu-176 radioisotope degraded signal-to-noise ratio because activity generated through auto-activation was very limited. Therefore, in this study, we selected Zr-doped GSO (GSOZ) scintillation crystals as a Lu-free scintillator. On the other hand, we should pay attention to decreased light yield of GSOZ compared with LGSO. To compensate this, we employed a MA-PMT having a super bialkali (SBA) photo cathode, which had about 1.3 times higher quantum efficiency than a conventional bialkali (BA) photo cathode. The effect of using the SBA-PMT was evaluated in terms of energy resolution and crystal identification performance. The results showed that the energy resolution of the detector with the SBA-PMT was improved by about 10% as compared to the detector with the BA. The crystal identification performance, which was degraded at the periphery for the BA-PMT such as a few crystal responses overlapped each other, was improved by the use of the SBA-PMT.
Alloy Design and Thermomechanical Processing of a Beta Titanium Alloy for a Heavy Vehicle Application (2010)

With the strength of steel, but at half the weight, titanium has the potential to offer significant benefits in the weight reduction of heavy vehicle components while possibly improving performance. However, the cost of conventional titanium fabrication is a major barrier in implementation. New reduction technologies are now available that have the potential to create a paradigm shift in the way the United States uses titanium, and the economics associated with fabrication of titanium components. This CRADA project evaluated the potential to develop a heavy vehicle component from titanium powders. The project included alloy design, development of manufacturing practices, and modeling the economics associated with the new component. New Beta alloys were designed for this project to provide the required mechanical specifications while utilizing the benefits of the new fabrication approach. Manufacturing procedures were developed specific to the heavy vehicle component. Ageing and thermal treatment optimization was performed to provide the desired microstructures. The CRADA partner established fabrication practices and targeted capital investment required for fabricating the component out of titanium. Though initial results were promising, the full project was not executed due to termination of the effort by the CRADA partner and economic trends observed in the heavy vehicle market.
Fabrication and characterization of integrated optical waveguides in sulfide chalcogenide glasses (1999)

This paper reports on the fabrication process of As-S-(Se)-based chalcogenide glass optical waveguides using three techniques: photolithography, laser beam writing, and ion implantation. The fabrication method of the bulk sulfide glasses and the processing of integrated devices are described and assessed in light of the propagation characteristics and optical losses in each case.
EM estimation of a generic 2D object model based on a sparse set of incomplete ISAR images (2010)

This paper addresses the estimation of a two-dimensional model of an object, based on measurements with a network of High Range Resolution (HRR) scanning surveillance radars. While considering a dynamic radar scene, the data collected from the multiple radars at multiple scans of the antenna provide a wide, but highly sparse, coverage in 2D space. The multi-radar multi-scan data are treated as asynchronous. Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) 2D imaging is independently performed within the narrow angular sector which is covered during each single radar scan. Each of the formed ISAR images is a rotated and incomplete version of the 2D profile of an extended object. The multi-look images are aligned and incoherently fused in a common 2D space. Their complementary information content is thus combined in a unique composite image. The Expectation- Maximization (EM) algorithm is further applied for parametric estimation of a low-dimensional 2D object model. This model constitutes a feature vector, useful for object classification. The local-only use of the phase in this overall sparse, but locally dense, sampling scheme accelerates significantly the de-ghosting of the formed 2D target images. Quicker convergence to an unambiguous estimate of the generic 2D object model is achieved, as compared to a purely incoherent processing of the sparse dataset.
Tetrathia[7]helicene-Based Complexes of Ferrocene and (η5-Cyclohexadienyl)tricarbonylmanganese: Synthesis and Electrochemical Studies (2011)

Tetrathia[7]helicene ([7]TH)-based complexes substituted at the thienyl ring ends by a ferrocenyl group (Fc) or by a (η5-cyclohexadienyl)Mn(CO)3 derivative have been prepared by Sonogashira coupling reactions starting from the mono- or diiodo [7]TH compounds. The molecular structure of one of the diferrocenyl [7]TH complexes was established by X-ray analysis. Electrochemical investigation on the Fc-[7]TH systems show that the Fc groups are significantly electron poorer with respect to Fc (ΔE° ≈ 0.15 V), due to the effective conjugation of the Fc redox moiety with the triple bond + helicene system, as also confirmed by spectroscopic data. Potential cycling around the second oxidation peak, assigned to the thiahelicene moiety, affords fast, regular growth of electrodeposited conducting films, provided that one terminal α-thiophene position be available for coupling; on the other hand, long alkyl chains hamper film formation. The conducting films feature a broad oxidation wave resulting from the merging of several redox peaks, having its onset at the Fc oxidation. Since conducting films obtained by electrooligomerization of parent tetrathiahelicene have their onset potentials 0.45 V more positive than the Fc redox sites in this studied Fc-[7]TH conjugates, the above continuity could point to some coupling between Fc redox centers and conjugated π systems, favored by solid-state stacking.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Porphyrin‐Forming Reactions. Part 3. The Origin of Scrambling in Dipyrromethane + Aldehyde Condensations Yielding trans‐A2B2‐Tetraarylporphyrins. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Structural and functional domains on actin (1986)

Abstract Actin plays several essential roles in cellular processes and is a vital component in the contractile apparatus. To accomplish its many cellular tasks, actin must interact with a wide range of other proteins in addition to self‐assembling into filaments. Characterization of these functional domains and localized binding regions on the actin monomer is therefore an important undertaking. Strategies for elucidating the many interaction sites include X‐ray diffraction, NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy, chemical modification, chemical cross‐linking, protein cleavage, and the study of sequence homologies between the many isotypes of actin. Based on these varied data, we discuss the possible spatial relationships between the interaction sites.
Determination of Intrinsic Spectra from Frontside &amp; Backside Photon Emission Spectroscopy (2007)

A model to determine the intrinsic spectra from frontside and backside measured spectra is discussed. The model is then used to derive the intrinsic spectra of a saturated nMOSFET from both front side and backside measured spectra. Although the front side and backside measured spectra differs significantly, the intrinsic spectra derived by the model matches well. This method has also been applied to the case of an emission from nMOSFET due to gate leakage
3D mapping for urban service robots (2009)

We present an approach to the problem of 3D map building in urban settings for service robots, using three-dimensional laser range scans as the main data input. Our system is based on the probabilistic alignment of 3D point clouds employing a delayed-state information-form SLAM algorithm, for which we can add observations of relative robot displacements efficiently. These observations come from the alignment of dense range data point clouds computed with a variant of the iterative closest point algorithm. The datasets were acquired with our custom built 3D range scanner integrated into a mobile robot platform. Our mapping results are compared to a GIS-based CAD model of the experimental site. The results show that our approach to 3D mapping performs with sufficient accuracy to derive traversability maps that allow our service robots navigate and accomplish their assigned tasks on a urban pedestrian area.