gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dose Response of Milk Fat to Intravenous Administration of the trans-10, cis-12 Isomer of Conjugated Linoleic Acid (2003)

Intravenous infusion of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) was evaluated as a simpler method than abomasal infusion and the feeding of calcium salts to examine milk fat depression. The objectives were to determine the dose-dependent response of milk fat and plasma metabolites to intravenous administration of the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA, an isomer identified to possess an inhibitory effect on milk fat synthesis. Four multiparous Holstein cows averaging 123 ± 30 d in milk were randomly assigned to treatments in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. Catheters were inserted into the jugular vein for infusions and blood sampling. Treatments consisted of intravenous infusions of 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/d CLA (>95% trans-10, cis-12 CLA). Infusates contained 72 g/d of a parenteral solution, saline, and CLA to 90 ml. Periods were of 5 d duration with a 7 d wash out. Milk was sampled at each milking and analyzed for fat, protein, and fatty acids. Blood samples were obtained on the last day of each period. Dry matter intake (22.4 ± 2.4 kg/d), milk yield (28.5 ± 3.3 kg/d), and protein percent (3.26 ± 0.08%) of cows were not affected by treatment. However, milk fat percentage was reduced linearly with increasing doses of CLA. Milk fat percentage was 4.17, 3.53, 3.29, and 2.92% on d 5 for treatments 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/d CLA, respectively. Concentrations (4.2 mg/g of fat) of cis-9, trans-11 CLA in milk fat were not affected by treatment. However, an increase in the trans-10, cis-12 CLA content of milk fat was observed. Milk fat contained 0.00, 0.02, 0.06, and 0.10 mg of trans-10, cis-12 CLA per g of fat (SEM = 0.065) for treatments 0, 2, 4, and 6 g/d CLA, respectively. Plasma NEFA concentration increased linearly with the dose of the trans-10, cis-12 CLA. Intravenous infusion of the trans-10, cis-12 isomer of CLA depressed milk fat in a linear manner over the range of infusion studied and, therefore, is an alternative to abomasal infusion.
Ultra–Low-Dose Ultrasound Molecular Imaging for the Detection of Angiogenesis in a Mouse Murine Tumor Model (2016)

The dose of 5 × 10 microbubbles per animal is now the lowest injection dose on record for ultrasound molecular imaging to achieve statistically significant detection of molecular targets in vivo. Findings in this study provide us with further guidance for future developments of clinically translatable ultrasound molecular imaging applications using a lower dose of microbubbles.
Low temperature heat capacity and magnetic susceptibility of Ti3SiC2 (2003)

In this paper, we report on the heat capacity and magnetic susceptibilities of bulk Ti3SiC2 samples in the 3–250-K temperature range. At 13.6 K, a nonmagnetic sharp anomaly of unknown origin, which disappeared when the sample was heated and quenched in water from 1400 °C, is observed. Curve fitting the cp data up to 100 K clearly shows that only four atoms—most likely one Si and three Ti atoms—of the six in a formula unit contribute to cp at the lowest temperatures. This reduces the Debye temperature θD calculated from over 700 K to ≈575 K. To obtain good agreement between experimental and calculated cp values in the 14&amp;lt;T&amp;lt;130 K temperature range, a θD of 552 K and an optical mode with an Einstein temperature θE of 219 K, which coincided with a soft shear mode observed in Raman spectroscopy, are assumed. At T&amp;gt;130 K, two other optical modes—the average of two other Raman modes observed at higher wave numbers—are required to enhance the fits to the experimental results. In the absence of the anomaly, θD rises from 575 to 593 K, whereas θE decreases slightly to 211 K. The density of states at the Fermi level [≈5 (eV unit cell)−1] is comparable to previous reports. The magnetic susceptibility is small and independent of magnetic field and temperature.
BIMG-03. MOLECULAR IMAGING OF GLUCOSE METABOLISM FOR INTRAOPERATIVE FLUORESCENCE GUIDANCE DURING GLIOMA SURGERY (2021)

Abstract PURPOSE This study evaluated the utility of using molecular imaging of fluorescent glucose analog 2-(N-(7-Nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl)Amino)-2-Deoxyglucose (2-NBDG) as a discriminatory marker for intraoperative tumor border identification in a mouse glioma model. PROCEDURES 2-NBDG and were assessed in GL261 and U251 orthotopic tumor bearing mice. Intraoperative fluorescence of 2-NBDG administered topical and intravenous in normal and tumor regions was assessed with operating microscope, handheld confocal laser scanning endomicroscope (CLE) and benchtop confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM). Additionally, 2-NBDG fluorescence in tumors was compared to 5-aminolevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX fluorescence. RESULTS Intravenously administered 2-NBDG was detectable in brain tumor and absent in contralateral normal brain parenchyma on wide field operating microscopy imaging. Intraoperative and benchtop CLE showed preferential 2-NBDG accumulation in the cytoplasm of glioma cells (tumor-background ratio of 2.76±0.43). Topically administered 2-NBDG did not create a sufficient tumor-background contrast for white field operating microscopy imaging, or under benchtop LSM (tumor-background ratio 1.42 ± 0.72). However, topical 2-NBDG did create sufficient contrast to evaluate cellular tissue architecture and differentiate tumor cells from normal brain parenchyma. PpIX imaging resulted in a more specific delineation of gross tumor margins than IV or topical 2-NBDG, and a significantly higher tumor-normal brain fluorescence intensity ratio. CONCLUSION After intravenous administration, 2-NBDG selectively accumulated in the experimental brain tumors and provided bright contrast under wide field fluorescence imaging with a clinical grade operating microscope. Topical 2-NBDG was able to create a sufficient contrast to differentiate tumor from normal brain cells based on visualization of cellular architecture with CLE. 5-ALA demonstrated superior specificity in outlining tumor margins and significantly higher tumor-background contrast. Given its non-toxicity, using 2-NBDG as a topical molecular marker for noninvasive in vivo intraoperative microscopy is encouraging, and warrants further clinical evaluation.
Abrasion Resistance of Manufactured Sand (MS) Concrete and Its Influence Factors (2019)

Abstract The feasibility of using MS to replace river sand (RS) in concrete pavement has been widely concerned by scholars, however the abrasion resistance of MS concrete pavement serves as a major factor restricting application. Published literature shows huge potential of MS as a replacement of natural fine aggregate. A detailed overview of published literature on property of MS and influencing factors on abrasion resistance of MS concrete is being presented. Regarding the characteristics of MS, the granular shape is characterized by irregular shape, multi-angle and large aspect ratio, the gradation shows a phenomenon of less in the middle and more on both ends, and MS contains high content of stone powder and little mud powder. The influencing factors include mix ratio, lithology, stone powder, admixture, polymer, etc. Among them, stone powder has attracted the attention of many scholars. Nevertheless, few related studies exist at present, source selection and in-depth research merit consideration.
Mixing device for Droplet μTAS using electro-conjugate fluid (2014)

Micro total analysis system, or µTAS, is a promising tiny analysis system for medical and biochemical analysis. Droplet µTAS in particular handles samples in droplet state, resulting in reducing the amount of sample volume and the inspection time. Therefore, this study aims to realize a novel but simple droplets mixing device for droplet µTAS using electro-conjugate fluid (ECF). The ECF is a kind of functional fluid suitable for micro fluidic devices, which produces a jet flow under a non-uniform electric field applied. This study introduces this attractive fluid to realize a rotational flow which is generated in a tiny cylindrical chamber. When droplets are instilled to the ECF rotational flow, they may be subjected to the centripetal force due to density difference between droplets and ECF, resulting in droplets move to the center of the chamber and mix each other. According to this concept, we first tested cytotoxicity of the ECF, and then we designed an electrode shape required to generate the ECF rotational flow and fabricated a prototype of the mixing device. Furthermore, we optimized the rotational speed of the rotational flow for droplets mixing. As a result, the ECF rotational flow with 6 rps to 8 rps could move 0.3 µl water droplets to the center of φ18 mm chamber. Finally, we conducted a mixing experiment of two droplets and proved that the two droplets mixed in 3.96 s, without any complex controller. According to the cytotoxicity test, this mixing time was short enough for biological samples not to be influenced by the ECF.
332 Contact and Slippage Detection Using the Tactile Matrix Sensor (2004)

The purpose of this study is to improve the accuracy of the matrix tactile sensor and to confirm its usefulness. The matrix tactile sensor consists of 12 sensor elements. A single sensor element can measure the triaxial forces using the strain gauges. For raising accuracy of the measurement, we clarify the relationship between forces and strains based on the experiments, predict forces using the value of measured strains, and estimate the uncertainty of the measured strain values from the statistical point of view. These results suggest the actual measurement force value and the predicted force value show high coincidence. For confirming the usefulness of the matrix tactile sensor, we discuss about the detection of then center of gravity movement.
Regions in Ebola Virus VP24 That Are Important for Nucleocapsid Formation (2007)

Ebola virus (EBOV) VP24, together with nucleoprotein and VP35, is an essential component of viral RNA-protein complexes called "nucleocapsids." In this study, using a series of deletion mutants of VP24, we identified regions within VP24 that are important for the formation of nucleocapsid-like structures and determined that both termini of VP24 are essential for nucleocapsid formation. This finding advances our knowledge of both EBOV morphogenesis and the nature of VP24 molecules in nucleocapsid formation, which will be useful for the development of antiviral compounds.
Intranasally administered serelaxin abrogates airway remodelling and attenuates airway hyperresponsiveness in allergic airways disease (2014)

Intranasal delivery of serelaxin can effectively reduce airway remodelling and AHR, when administered once daily. Respirable preparations of serelaxin may have therapeutic potential for the prevention and/or reversal of established airway remodelling and AHR in asthma.
The promising future of drones in prehospital medical care and its application to battlefield medicine (2019)

Unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly referred to as drones, have been made widely available in recent years leading to an exponential growth in their roles and applications. The rapidly developing field of medical drones is on the verge of revolutionizing prehospital medicine enabling advanced health care delivery to once-inaccessible patients. The aim of this review is to clarify the basic technical properties of currently available medical drones and review recent advances and their usefulness in military and civilian health care missions. A thorough search was conducted using conventional medical literature databases and nonmedical popular search engines. The results indicate increasingly rapid incorporation of unmanned aerial vehicles into search and rescue missions, telemedicine assignments, medical supply routes, public health surveillance, and disaster management. Medical drones appear to be of great benefit for improving survivability of deployed forces on and off the battlefield. The emerging aerial medical delivery systems appear to provide particularly promising solutions for bridging some of the many serious gaps between third world health care systems and their western counterparts and between major metropolitan centers and distant rural communities. The global nature of drone-based health care delivery needs points to a need for an international effort between collaborating civilian and military medical forces to harness the currently available resources and novel emerging technologies for broader lifesaving capabilities. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level V.
Subclinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and Early Age-Related Macular Degeneration in a Multiracial Cohort (2007)

Few associations were found between subclinical CVD and CVD risk factors with early AMD. The findings of associations of early AMD with some signs of subclinical atherosclerotic CVD are different among the 4 racial/ethnic groups, which suggests that care must be taken in generalizing from one racial/ethnic group to another.
An affinity matrix for the purification of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (1990)

The preparation of quantities of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase sufficient for detailed structural and enzymatic characterizations has been difficult due to the very low tissue content of the enzyme and its lability in late stages of purification. To date, the only purification of this enzyme to apparent homogeneity has involved a procedure requiring 6 column chromatographic steps. Described here is the preparation of an affinity matrix which consists of ADP-ribose polymers bound to dihydroxyboronyl sepharose. An application is described for the purification of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase from calf thymus in which a single rapid affinity step was used to replace 3 column chromatographic steps yielding enzyme of greater than 90% purity with a 3 fold increase in yield. This matrix should also prove useful for other studies of ADP-ribose polymer metabolism and related clinical conditions.
Barriers and Facilitators to Rehabilitation Care of Individuals With Spatial Neglect: A Qualitative Study of Professional Views (2021)

Barriers and facilitators to the current practice of SN care were identified from occupational and physical therapists' point of view. Opportunities exist to promote identified facilitators and minimize barriers to improve SN rehabilitation. The present study makes a unique contribution in identifying specific needs for innovative interventions that involve family support and training, promotion of interdisciplinary collaboration, development of interprofessional vocabulary, and continuous treatment and follow-up assessment for SN through care transitions.
Effect Of Temperature Variation In Photorefractive Devices (1986)

The steady state coupling constant of photorefractive BaTiO3 can be significantly enhanced by cooling it towards its tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition at 5 °C.This enhances the operation of devices such as passive and externally pumped passive phase conjugate mirrors and photorefractive optical limiters.
Anderson localization of surface plasmons and nonlinear optics of metal-dielectric composites (1999)

A scaling theory of local-field fluctuations and optical nonlinearities is developed for random metal-dielectric composites near a percolation threshold. The theory predicts that in the optical and infrared spectral ranges the local fields are very inhomogeneous and consist of sharp peaks representing localized surface plasmons. The localization maps the Anderson localization problem described by the random Hamiltonian with both on- and off-diagonal disorder. The local fields exceed the applied field by several orders of magnitudes resulting in giant enhancements of various optical phenomena. The developed theory quantitatively describes enhancement in percolation composites for arbitrary nonlinear optical process. It is shown that enhancement strongly depends on whether a nonlinear multiphoton scattering includes the act of photon subtraction (annihilation). The magnitudes and spectral dependencies of enhancements in optical processes with photon subtraction, such as Raman and hyper-Raman scattering, Kerr refraction, and four-wave mixing, are dramatically different from those in processes without photon subtraction, such as in sum-frequency and high-harmonic generation. At percolation, a dip in dependence of optical processes on the metal concentration is predicted.
AN IMPROVEMENT OF THE ENVIRONMENT FOR ETC SYSTEMS BY USING CIRCULARLY-POLARIZED WAVE ABSORBER (2001)

In Japan, ETC, the electronic toll collection system, is now about to go operational as part of the intelligent transportation systems (ITS) which aims for the new environment in road traffic. However, the environment for the ETC systems is not fully prepared because of the communication interference caused by the multiple reflections from the construction, such as the toll gate canopy or the elevated highway. In this paper, the authors propose a new countermeasure method to suppress the multiple reflections from the constructions. They investigate the new radio wave absorber to suppress the multiple reflections. By using the basic radio propagation principle, the necessary absorption level of the radio wave absorber against the circular polarized wave and oblique incidence is obtained. They develop the circularly-polarized radio wave absorber. The absorbing panel by using the developed circularly-polarized radio wave absorber is presented. After, they experiment with the absorber panel. Experimental results prove the validity of a new countermeasure method.
A Pyropheophorbide Analogue Containing a Fused Methoxy Cyclohexenone Ring System Shows Promising Cancer‐Imaging Ability (2019)

Herein we report the synthesis, photophysical properties, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging and photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy of methyl 3-(1'-m-iodobenzyloxy)ethyl-3-devinyl-verdin 4 (with or without the <sup>124</sup> I isotope). The PET imaging ability and ex vivo biodistribution of [<sup>124</sup> I]4 were compared with the well-studied methyl [3-(<sup>124</sup> 1'-m-iodobenzyloxy)ethyl]-3-devinyl-pyropheophorbide-a methyl ester (PET-ONCO or [<sup>124</sup> I]2) and [<sup>18</sup> F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([<sup>18</sup> F]FDG) in BALB/c mice bearing colon-26 tumors. Whole-body PET images of [<sup>124</sup> I]4 containing a fused methoxy cyclohexenone ring system showed excellent tumor contrast with time (72>48>24 h post-injection). Ex vivo biodistribution results indicate that relative to the current clinical standard [<sup>18</sup> F]FDG and [<sup>124</sup> I]2 in 2 % ethanol formulation, [<sup>124</sup> I]4, at the same radioactive dose (25 μCi per mouse), showed higher tumor uptake at 24 h post-injection and longer tumor retention. In biological environments, compound 4 showed lower fluorescence and lower singlet oxygen yield than 2, which is possibly due to higher aggregation caused by the presence of a fused cyclohexenone ring system, resulting in limited in vitro/in vivo PDT efficacy. Therefore, the chlorophyll-a analogue [<sup>124</sup> I]4 provides easy access to a novel PET imaging agent (with no skin phototoxicity) to image cancer types-brain, renal carcinomas, pancreas-in which [<sup>18</sup> F]FDG shows limitations.
Voltage Support With PV Inverters in Low-Voltage Distribution Networks: An Overview (2023)

Large solar photovoltaic (PV) penetration using inverters in low-voltage (LV) distribution networks may pose several challenges, such as reverse power flow and voltage rise situations. These challenges will eventually force grid operators to carry out grid reinforcement to ensure continued safe and reliable operations. However, smart inverters with reactive power control capability enable PV systems to support voltage quality in the distribution network better. This article gives an overview of the current state-of-the-art control strategies for handling voltage problems through PV inverters and other devices. In addition, the (control) technical issues of PV systems integrated into the LV distribution network are considered from a control point of view. By comparing the control issues of PV integration into the grid, this article aims to help distribution system operators (DSOs) to expand the volume of PV generation in the distribution system in an efficient and safe manner. In addition, it will help control engineers and researchers select proper control strategies for PV systems as well as other distributed renewable sources.
Simulations of 10 kV Trench Gate IGBTs on 4H-SiC (2006)

Numerical simulations were conducted on 10 kV trench gate p-IGBTs on 4H-SiC. A punch-through structure was utilized with a p-type buffer layer on an n-type substrate. A p-type conduction- layer was incorporated underneath the n-type base layer to mitigate the JFET effect from the trench bottom implants. Simulation results have shown that both the carrier lifetimes and the mesa width are the two dominant factors in the device current handling capability. A sufficient drift layer conduction modulation can be achieved with a minority lifetime of >2 μs in the drift layer, and >100 ns in the buffer layer. A mesa width of 2 μm provides a high forward current due to the high channel periphery density.
Dynamic and quasi-static mechanical behavior of 3D metallic woven lattices (2023)

Complex mechanical systems can generate severe dynamic environments that require materials with optimized combinations of damping properties, elastic moduli, and service temperatures. In this study, woven lattices were manufactured with stainless steel (SS) and copper (Cu) wires via a three-dimensional (3D) weaving process to form SS, Cu, and SS–Cu lattices. Following fabrication, selective bonding using Cusil® was applied to either one or both sides of the SS–Cu weaves to form single-sided bonded SS–Cu composite (B1C) lattices and double-sided bonded SS–Cu composite (B2C) lattices. Measurements of dynamic and quasi-static mechanical properties of both unbonded and bonded weaves demonstrate that all three unbonded lattices exhibit high loss factors with a relatively low normalized effective elastic modulus. In contrast, the bonded SS–Cu lattices exhibit lower loss factors but higher normalized effective elastic moduli. We attribute the high loss factors and relative low moduli to wire rearrangement during deformation in the form of wire sliding and rotation that becomes partially inhibited when we bond Cu wires on one or both sides of the SS–Cu weaves. We discuss sources for the observed variations in properties and demonstrate an ability to both tune and obtain exceptional damping and moderate stiffness in architected metallic lattices.
Chorea-acanthocytosis (2018)

<i>VPS13A</i> is associated with autosomal recessive chorea-acanthocytosis, a diagnosis consistent with the phenotype observed in this family. Whole-genome sequencing presents a comprehensive and agnostic approach for detecting diagnostic mutations in families with rare neurologic disorders.
Identification of DNA polymorphisms in Angelica acutiloba (2008)

Angelica acutiloba and related species have been known for their analgesic and sedative effects, and are widely used as the key ingredient in Japanese traditional Kampo medicine. Among various varieties, Angelica acutiloba var. acutiloba has long been grown in the Obuka area of Nara prefecture, Japan, and has been evaluated as an excellent variety. Recent cultivation of this and other varieties of Angelica in various regions of East Asia prompted us to identify DNA polymorphisms that distinguish the acutiloba variety from others. Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA analysis and sequencing selected genomic regions among Angelica plants of different origins identified several nucleotide changes among the varieties tested, which enabled us to distinguish the acutiloba variety from others. We also report an improved protocol for genomic DNA extraction from dried root samples of Angelica.