gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electromechanical Properties of a Ceramic d 31 ‐Gradient Flextensional Actuator (2001)

We examined the static axial displacement of a ceramic d 31 ‐gradient flextensional transducer both experimentally and theoretically. Two lead zirconate titanate systems, (PZT)/PZT and PZT/ZnO, were studied. The PZT/PZT transducers consisted of two PZT layers of different d 31 coefficients. The PZT/ZnO transducers consisted of a PZT and a ZnO layer. The PZT/PZT transducers were of an inner‐type dome structure. The PZT/ZnO transducers were either flat, or had an inner‐ or outer‐type dome structure by varying the thickness ratio between the two layers or the Sb 2 O 3 content in the ZnO layer. An inner (outer)‐type transducer has the large‐d 31 layer on the inside (outside) of the dome structure. For the PZT/PZT transducers, the axial displacement varied with the thickness ratio and reached a maximum when the two layers had similar thickness, in agreement with the calculations. With a conductive nonpiezoelectric layer, the PZT/ZnO transducers had higher axial displacements, which varied with the thickness ratio and the Sb 2 O 3 content, than the PZT/PZT transducers. With 6 wt% Sb 2 O 3 , the transducers were flat and the measured displacements at various thickness ratios were similar to the calculated values. With 4 wt% Sb 2 O 3 , the transducers were of an outer type. The measured axial displacements were about twice the calculated values, suggesting an enhanced d 31 value because of the tensile bending stress in the PZT layer. The scaled axial displacements of the PZT/ZnO transducers with 4 wt% Sb 2 O 3 were comparable to that of the Rainbow transducers. With 8 wt% Sb 2 O 3 , the displacements of transducers with thin PZT layers (≤0.3 mm) were lower than the calculated values because of increased conductivity in the PZT layer.
Multispectral image fusion based on map estimation with improved detail (2020)

This paper presents a multispectral image fusion method for remote sensing applications by using an improved estimation of detail maps. This estimation is achieved by considering a linear combination of the other MultiSpectral (MS) bands as well as their joint multiplications. A comparison with seven existing methods is carried out based on three public domain datasets and by considering commonly used objective metrics. The results for both Reduced Resolution (RR) and Full Resolution (FR) cases are reported indicating that the introduced method generates improved fusion outcomes compared to the existing methods.
Fabrication of tailorable pH responsive cationic amphiphilic microgels on a microfluidic device for drug release (2017)

ABSTRACT Cationic, amphiphilic microgels of differing compositions based on hydrophilic, pH, and thermoresponsive 2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) and hydrophobic, nonionic n ‐butyl acrylate (BuA) are synthesized using a lab‐on‐a‐chip device. Hydrophobic oil‐in‐water (o/w) droplets are generated via a microfluidic platform, with the dispersed (droplet) phase containing the DMAEMA and BuA, alongside the hydrophobic cross‐linker, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and a free radical initiator in an organic solvent. Finally, the hydrophobic droplets are photopolymerized via a UV light source as they traverse the microfluidic channel to produce the cationic amphiphilic microgels. This platform enables the rapid, automated, and in situ production of amphiphilic microgels, which do not match the core‐shell structure of conventionally prepared microgels but are instead based on random amphiphilic copolymers of DMAEMA and BuA between the hydrophobic cross‐links. The microgels are characterized in terms of their swelling and encapsulation abilities, which are found to be influenced by both the pH response and the hydrophobic content of the microgels. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2018 , 56 , 59–66
Developing the practice of pre-service physical education teachers through a dyad model of lesson study (2021)

This article reports on a dyad model of lesson study aimed at scaffolding the theory and practice of learning to teach physical education. Participants were pre-service teachers (PSTs) completing a 38-week Master’s-level Postgraduate Certificate in Education in eastern England, training to teach the secondary age range (11–18 years). A total of 40 PSTs volunteered to participate in the study during their school-based training. A three-year cross-sectional case-study framework involving three distinct cohorts of PSTs allowed for a comparison of data, captured through computer-mediated communication. Dialogue through email communications and electronic evaluations was analysed inductively. Three substantive themes were identified as a result of the PSTs’ experiences: (a) developing confidence in the classroom through collaboration with a peer; (b) developing physical education pedagogies to support students’ individual learning needs; and (c) developing physical education pedagogies to support assessment of students’ progress. The dyad lesson study model provided a safe and non-hierarchical platform for collaboration between PSTs. Peer-to-peer reflection on aspects of their own practice instilled confidence and enhanced understanding, particularly in relation to understanding students’ individual learning needs to promote progress and assessing such progress. Dyad lesson study positively supported PSTs’ professional development against prescribed Teachers’ Standards beyond the formal hierarchical rules and structures associated with the school-based training process. Such collaborative conversations can help to minimise professional isolation for PSTs during their school-based training and address the juxtaposition of connecting the theory of learning to teach with a holistic view of student learning in practice.
Study on Pipe Wastage Mechanism by Liquid Droplet Impingement Erosion (2009)

Evaluation of wastage speed for nuclear power plant maintains plant reliability and power up rating is important. There are two main cause of wastage flow accelerated corrosion (FAC) and mechanical erosion. This study is to develop evaluating the wastage speed by liquid droplet impingement erosion (LDIE). LDIE often occurs at downstream of corner of pipe or orifice. In this study, the liquid drop impinging tests were conducted with the test pieces mounted on a high speed rotating disk that cross thin water down jet and produced LDIE phenomena. The amount of the wastage by LDIE was evaluated by changing the rotational speed, the impingement frequency, and test piece materials. In addition, the generation mechanism of erosion was investigated by observing the surface of the test piece with a microscope. There is a method of evaluating by the mass difference before and after experiments. But this method is not correct because error becomes larger for mass measurement in the experiment, for the lost mass by LDIE is very little amount. Therefore, the method was developed to measure the volume in the erosion part. In this method, depth of LDIE was measured by the accuracy of ±0.01μm; therefore accurate measurement of the wastage can be improved.
The effects of articular, retinacular, or muscular deficiencies on patellofemoral joint stability (2005)

Normal function of the patellofemoral joint is maintained by a complex interaction between soft tissues and articular surfaces. No quantitative data have been found on the relative contributions of these structures to patellar stability. Eight knees were studied using a materials testing machine to displace the patella 10 mm laterally and medially and measure the force required. Patellar stability was tested from 0 degrees to 90 degrees knee flexion with the quadriceps tensed to 175 N. Four conditions were examined: intact, vastus medialis obliquus relaxed, flat lateral condyle, and ruptured medial retinaculae. Abnormal trochlear geometry reduced the lateral stability by 70% at 30 degrees flexion, while relaxation of vastus medialis obliquus caused a 30% reduction. Ruptured medial retinaculae had the largest effect at 0 degrees flexion with 49% reduction. There was no effect on medial stability. There is a complex interaction between these structures, with their contributions to loss of lateral patellar stability varying with knee flexion.
Multiple alkali metal ion complexes of tripeptides: An investigation by means of electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (1995)

The [M – H + 2X]+ and [M – 2H + 3X]+ ions, where X = Li, Na or K, are the most abundant peptide-containing ions observed in the positive electrospray mass spectra of nine tripeptide solutions adjusted to pH 12 with lithium, sodium or potassium hydroxide. The collision-induced dissociations of these ions reveal structures in which the alkali metal ions are both attached to carbonyl oxygen atoms, and centrally coordinated to the deprotonated carboxylate terminus and the peptide nitrogen atoms. It is speculated that the precursor ions of [M – H + 2X]+ and [M – 2H + 3X]+ exist in solution and desorb to produce these ions directly via desolvation or indirectly via desolvation and collision-induced dissociation in the lens region.
Evidence-based management of central cord syndrome (2013)

No Class I or Class II evidence was available to determine the efficacy of surgery, timing of surgical intervention, or prognostic factors in patients managed for TCCS. Hence, there is a need to perform well-controlled prospective studies and randomized controlled clinical trials to further investigate the optimal management (surgical vs conservative) and timing of surgical intervention in patients suffering from TCCS.
Synthesis of Combretastatin‐A4 Carboxamidest that Mimic Sulfonyl Piperazines by a Molecular Hybridization Approach: in vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Inhibition of Tubulin Polymerization (2019)

Molecular hybridization approach is a promising structural modification tool to design new chemical entities (NCEs) by mimicking two different pharmacophoric units into one scaffold to enhance the biological properties. With this aim, combretastatin-A4 acids were integrated with sulfonyl piperazine scaffolds as a one molecular platform and evaluated for their in vitro antiproliferative activity against a panel of human cancer lines cell lines namely, lung (A549), mouse melanoma (B16F10), breast (MDA MB-231and MCF-7) and colon (HCT-15) by MTT assay. Amongst which the compound (E)-3-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(4-((4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (5 ab) displayed significant IC<sub>50</sub> values in the range of 0.36 to 7.08 μm against the selected cancer cell lines. Moreover, 5 ab was found to be the most potent member of this series with IC<sub>50</sub> 0.36±0.02 μm. Further investigations revealed that the compound 5 ab displayed significant inhibition of tubulin assembly with IC<sub>50</sub> 5.24±0.06 μm and molecular docking studies also disclosed the binding of 5 ab effectively in CA4 binding space at the colchicine binding site. The flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the compound 5 ab caused cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase in A549 cells. Compound 5 ab induced apoptosis in A549 cells which was further evaluated by different staining assays such as DAPI and AO which undoubtedly speculated, the induction of apoptosis. To study the anti-migration with 5 ab, cell migration/scratch wound assay was performed and the extent of apoptosis was studied by Annexin-V, including mitochondrial potential by JC-1 staining.
Macro- Micro- and Nano-scale Lubrication using Alcohol Vapor: Implications to MEMS. (2007)

Abstract not provided.
Core–Shell Crystals of Porous Organic Cages (2018)

Abstract The first examples of core–shell porous molecular crystals are described. The physical properties of the core–shell crystals, such as surface hydrophobicity, CO 2 /CH 4 selectivity, are controlled by the chemical composition of the shell. This shows that porous core–shell molecular crystals can exhibit synergistic properties that out‐perform materials built from the individual, constituent molecules.
Reception of C4FM and CQPSK signals in APCO Project-25 (2009)

In the first phase of APCO Project-25, Phase-I, the C4FM modulation is defined for the transmission, with a bandwidth of 12.5 kHz. However in Phase-II, CQPSK modulation based transmission is defined with the bandwidth of 6.25 kHz to increase spectral efficiency. This results in a receiver structure in Phase-II, which is capable of demodulating both C4FM and CQPSK signals so that backward compatibility is obtained with Phase-I signals. While this common demodulator facilitates a single receiver structure, on the other hand frequency demodulator based structure becomes unavoidable for CQPSK. In this paper, we propose a complete receiver structure for APCO P-25. The proposed receiver structure consists of four major units; frequency discriminator, frame synchronization, sampling phase and sample clock offset correction, and frequency offset recovery units. This structure is realized in computer environment and BER performances of both modulations are evaluated under various multipath fading channel, sampling clock error, and frequency offset error conditions.
Signing HTTP Requests via JSON Web Signatures (1999)

This document defines a method for generating and validating a digital
signature or Message Authentication Code (MAC) over a set of protocol
elements within an HTTP Request, using JSON Web Signatures (JWS).
Decoding Complete Reach and Grasp Actions from Local Primary Motor Cortex Populations (2010)

How the activity of populations of cortical neurons generates coordinated multijoint actions of the arm, wrist, and hand is poorly understood. This study combined multielectrode recording techniques with full arm motion capture to relate neural activity in primary motor cortex (M1) of macaques (Macaca mulatta) to arm, wrist, and hand postures during movement. We find that the firing rate of individual M1 neurons is typically modulated by the kinematics of multiple joints and that small, local ensembles of M1 neurons contain sufficient information to reconstruct 25 measured joint angles (representing an estimated 10 functionally independent degrees of freedom). Beyond showing that the spiking patterns of local M1 ensembles represent a rich set of naturalistic movements involving the entire upper limb, the results also suggest that achieving high-dimensional reach and grasp actions with neuroprosthetic devices may be possible using small intracortical arrays like those already being tested in human pilot clinical trials.
Locally Rewritable Codes for Resistive Memories (2016)

Resistive memories, such as phase change memories and resistive random access memories, have attracted significant research interest because of their scalability, non-volatility, fast speed, and rewritability. However, their write endurance needs to be improved substantially for large-scale deployment of resistive memories. In addition, their write power consumption is much higher than the power consumption of read operation. Inspired by locally repairable codes (LRCs) recently introduced for distributed storage systems, we propose locally rewritable codes (LWCs) for resistive memories. We define a novel parameter of <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rewriting locality</i> , which can be connected to <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">repair locality</i> of LRC. As small values of repair locality of LRC enable fast repair in distributed storage systems, small values of rewriting locality of LWC are able to reduce the problems of write endurance and write power consumption. We show how a small value of rewriting locality can improve write endurance and power consumption by deriving the upper bounds on writing cost. Also, we point out the dual relation of LRC and LWC, which indicates that the existing construction methods of LRC can be applied to construct LWC. Finally, we investigate the construction of LWC with error correcting capability for random errors.
3D Sparse Deformation Signature for Dynamic Face Recognition (2020)

This paper proposes a novel compact and memory efficient Sparse 3D Deformation Signature (S3DS) to represent a sparse 3D deformation signal for 3D Dynamic Face Recognition. S3DS is based on a non-linear 6D-space representation that secures physically plausible 3D deformations. A unique deformation indicator is computed per triangle in a triangulated mesh, thanks to a recent 3D Deformation Signature (3DS) that is based on Lie Bodies. The proposed S3DS sparsely concatenates unique triangular indicators to construct the facial signature for each temporal instance. The novel descriptor shall benefit domains like surveillance and security in providing non-intrusive bio-metric measurements. By construction, S3DS is resistant to common security attacks like presentation, template and adversarial attacks. Two dynamic datasets (BU4DFE and COMA) were examined in various sparse concatenation settings. Using high reduction rates of $\approx 500$, a first rank recognition accuracy similar to the state of the art was achieved. At low reduction rates of $\approx 40$, S3DS outperformed most existing literature on BU4DFE achieving 99.92%. On COMA, it achieved 99.93% which outperforms existing literature. In an open-world experimental setup, using thousands of distractors, the accuracy reached up to 100% in detecting unseen distractors with high reduction rates in the 3D facial descriptor size.
The Optimality of Being Efficient (1998)

In an optimal auction, a revenue-optimizing seller often awards goods inefficiently, either by placing them in the wrong hands or by withholding goods from the market. This conclusion rests on two assumptions: (1) the seller can prevent resale among bidders after the auction; and (2) the seller can commit to not sell the withheld goods after the auction. We examine how the optimal auction problem changes when these assumptions are relaxed. In sharp contrast to the no resale assumption, we assume perfect resale: all gains from trade are exhausted in resale. In a multiple object model with independent signals, we characterize optimal auctions with resale. We prove generally that with perfect resale, the seller&amp;apos;s incentive to misassign goods is destroyed. Moreover, with discrete types, any misassignment of goods strictly lowers the seller&amp;apos;s revenue from the optimum. In auction markets followed by perfect resale, it is optimal to assign goods to those with the highest values.
Theory of serializablity for a parallel model of transactions (1982)

In this paper we present a parallel program schema model of a transaction system and generalize the concept of serializability from the sequential two-step model to a parallel multi-step model. We define two classes of serializable executions, and for each class we discuss two problems: recognition and scheduling. It is shown that the results for the recognition and online scheduling problems for the sequential model generalize to the parallel model. But it is argued that online scheduling is not suitable for a parallel execution environment. Therefore, batch schedulers are defined and a minimal set of precedence constraints is derived. Finally, it is shown that any optimal batch scheduler that uses syntactic information alone cannot be efficient.
Microvascular dysfunction induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: role of leukocytes (1996)

The objectives of this study were to determine whether 1) the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion observed in venules exposed to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is accompanied by enhanced albumin extravasation, and 2) leukocytes mediate this endothelial cell barrier dysfunction. Intravital video microscopy was used to monitor leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesion and the leakage of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled albumin in rat mesenteric venules exposed to either indomethacin or aspirin. Both NSAIDs induced the recruitment of adherent and emigrated leukocytes with temporally related increases in albumin leakage. Agents that effectively decreased or prevented the NSAID-induced leukocyte adherence/emigration (leukotriene B4 receptor antagonist or adhesion molecule-specific monoclonal antibodies) also blocked the corresponding albumin leakage response. These findings indicate that adherent and/or emigrating leukocytes mediate the early endothelial cell barrier dysfunction elicited by NSAIDs.
Design and analysis of spiral‐type Marchand balun using physical transformer model on glass integrated passive device substrate (2011)

Abstract A simple and effective technique for designing Marchand baluns is presented in this letter. The symmetric coupled transmission lines are modeled based on compatible transformer lumped equivalent circuits. This technique was adopted to design Marchand baluns. To validate the analytical results and demonstrate the design approach, Marchand balun was designed and implemented on glass integrated passive device (IPD) process technology. In this letter, a integrated spiral‐shaped Marchand balun has been carried out to provide low insertion loss and high common‐mode rejection ratio over a remarkably wide bandwidth around an operating center frequency of 2.45 GHz. Finally, the measured results agree well with the electro‐magnetics (EM)‐simulated and ‐modeled results, by validating IPD design process. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett, 2011; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/mop.26187
Dynamics of distributed shortest-path routing algorithms (1991)

The dynamics of shortest-path routing algorithms bss.ed on distance vectors and link states are investigated.
Ag/GeSx/Pt-based complementary resistive switches for hybrid CMOS/Nanoelectronic logic and memory architectures (2013)

Complementary resistive switches based on two anti-serially connected Ag/GeSx/Pt devices were studied. The main focus was placed on the pulse mode properties as typically required in memory and logic applications. A self-designed measurement setup was applied to access each CRS part-cell individually. Our findings reveal the existence of two distinct read voltage regimes enabling both spike read as well as level read approaches. Furthermore, we experimentally verified the theoretically predicted kinetic properties in terms of pulse height vs. switching time relationship. The results obtained by this alternative approach allow a significant improvement of the basic understanding of the interplay between the two part-cells in a complementary resistive switch configuration. Furthermore, from these observations we can deduce a simplified write voltage scheme which is applicable for the considered type of memory cell.
Improved Photoelectrochemical Cell With Carbon Nanotubes (2010)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were incorporated into a dye-sensitized titanium dioxide (TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> )-based photoelectrode and characterized in a conventional three-arm system for water photolysis. Improvements in short-circuit current, efficiency, and lifetime were observed in the presence of an increase in SWCNT concentration at the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -ITO (back-electrode) interface. The mechanism behind these improvements was explained on the basis of the SWCNTs acting as a conductive scaffolding network responsible for anchoring the TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and transporting the photoelectrons to the back electrode.