gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescent particle image velocimetry using atomized liquid particles (2022)

Abstract Aerosolized fluorescent particles of Kiton Red 620 dye in a water/glycol fluid are generated using a Venturi-type atomizer and shown to provide effective flow seeding for fluorescent particle image velocimetry (PIV), which can mitigate the detrimental effects of laser reflections from surfaces. Ninety two percent of particles by number concentration were found to be &lt;1 μm in diameter, an acceptable size threshold for gas-flow PIV purposes. A PIV application was conducted in a wind tunnel (freestream velocity U ∞ = 27 m s −1 ), using the particles for measurement of the boundary layer flow approaching a forward-facing step (approach boundary layer momentum thickness Reynolds number of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>R</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>e</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>θ</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>5930</mml:mn> <mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo> </mml:math> . Particles were generated from solutions with dye molar concentrations of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>2.5</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>1.0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> mol l −1 , and PIV images were obtained for both elastic Mie scattering and filtered, Stokes-shifted fluorescent light. Raw images indicate that the fluorescence yield of the <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mn>1.0</mml:mn> <mml:mo>×</mml:mo> <mml:mrow> <mml:msup> <mml:mn>10</mml:mn> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>−</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> mol l −1 solution provides PIV images with high contrast, even in the near-surface regions where Mie scattering image contrast is highly affected by surface reflections. Boundary layer profiles are processed in the region of adverse pressure gradient leading up to the forward-facing step, where the fluorescent PIV was found to perform comparably to the most optimized Mie scattering PIV; both approaches obtained data as near to the wall as 30 μm, or two viscous wall units in our flow of interest. These results indicate that the new seeding method holds promise for near-surface measurement applications with more complicated three-dimensional geometries, where it is impossible to arrange PIV cameras to reject surface-scattered light.
Ultralocal Modification of Surface Plasmons Properties in Silver Nanocubes (2012)

The plasmonic properties of individual subwavelength-sized silver nanocubes are mapped with nanometric spatial resolution by means of electron energy-loss spectroscopy in a scanning transmission electron microscope. Three main features with different energies and spatial behavior (two peaked at the corners, one on the edges) are identified and related to previous measurements on ensemble or individual nanoparticles. The highly subwavelength mapping of the energy position and intensity of the excitations shows that the surface plasmon modes, localized at specific areas of the particles, for example, the corners or the edges, are modified by their size, the presence of a substrate, and the very local environment. Helped by discrete dipole approximation numerical simulations, we discuss how local modifications of the environment affect the global modes of the particles. In particular, we show both experimentally and theoretically that absorption resonances at different corners of the same nanocube are largely independent of each other in energy and intensity. Our findings provide a better understanding of the spatial coherence of the surface plasmons in nanoparticles but also give useful insights about their roles in the nanoparticle sensing properties.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION AND TRACKING FOR TIME-VARYING SINUSOIDS (2002)

Parametric modeling permits an efficient representation of audio signals and is increasingly utilized for very low bit rate coding applications. Such systems are based on a decomposition of the audio signal into components that are described by appropriate source models and represented by model parameters. Commonly used components types are sinusoidal trajectories, harmonic tones, transients, and noise. Proper estimation and tracking of sinusoids in case of vibrato or portamento is vital, yet difficult due to the uncertainty principle for time-frequency resolution. This paper presents a reliable solution to this problem that was successfully demonstrated in an encoder for MPEG-4 parametric audio coding &amp;quot;Harmonic and Individual Lines plus Noise&amp;quot; (HILN).
Ion transport through nanoslits investigated by impedance spectroscopy (2005)

We present a description of ion transport through geometrically defined nanoslits. The description was obtained through impedance spectroscopy measurements of electrolytes with different physico-chemical parameters. The number of 50 nm high nanoslits present in each chip used for measurements could be discriminated as well as the thickness or overlapping of the electrical double layer. The zeta potential could be changed both with the pH of the electrolyte and with an external voltage to define the nanoslit conductance.
HIV-1 Mediated Cortical Actin Disruption Mirrors ARP2/3 Defects Found in Primary T Cell Immunodeficiencies (2023)

During cell movement, cortical actin balances mechanical and osmotic forces to maintain cell function while providing the scaffold for cell shape. Migrating CD4 + T cells have a polarized structure with a leading edge containing dynamic branched and linear F-actin structures that bridge intracellular components to surface adhesion molecules. These actin structures are complemented with a microtubular network beaded with membrane bound organelles in the trailing uropod. Disruption of actin structures leads to dysregulated migration and changes in morphology of affected cells. In HIV-1 infection, CD4 + T cells have dysregulated movement. However, the precise mechanisms by which HIV-1 affects CD4 + T cell movement are unknown. Here, we show that HIV-1 infection of primary CD4 + T cells causes at least four progressive morphological differences as a result of virally induced cortical cytoskeleton disruption, shown by ultrastructural and time lapse imaging. Infection with a ΔNef virus partially abrogated the dysfunctional phenotype in infected cells and partially restored a wild-type shape. The pathological morphologies after HIV-1 infection phenocopy leukocytes which contain genetic determinants of specific T cell Inborn Errors of Immunity (IEI) or Primary Immunodeficiencies (PID) that affect the actin cytoskeleton. To identify potential actin regulatory pathways that may be linked to the morphological deformities, uninfected CD4 + T cell morphology was characterized following addition of small molecule chemical inhibitors. The ARP2/3 inhibitor CK-666 recapitulated three of the four abnormal morphologies we observed in HIV-1 infected cells. Restoring ARP2/3 function and cortical actin integrity in people living with HIV-1 infection is a new avenue of investigation to eradicate HIV-1 infected cells from the body.
Discovery of the First Thumb Pocket 1 NS5B Polymerase Inhibitor (BILB 1941) with Demonstrated Antiviral Activity in Patients Chronically Infected with Genotype 1 Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) (2012)

Combinations of direct acting antivirals (DAAs) that have the potential to suppress emergence of resistant virus and that can be used in interferon-sparing regimens represent a preferred option for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. We have discovered allosteric (thumb pocket 1) non-nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase that inhibit replication in replicon systems. Herein, we report the late-stage optimization of indole-based inhibitors, which began with the identification of a metabolic liability common to many previously reported inhibitors in this series. By use of parallel synthesis techniques, a sparse matrix of inhibitors was generated that provided a collection of inhibitors satisfying potency criteria and displaying improved in vitro ADME profiles. "Cassette" screening for oral absorption in rat provided a short list of potential development candidates. Further evaluation led to the discovery of the first thumb pocket 1 NS5B inhibitor (BILB 1941) that demonstrated antiviral activity in patients chronically infected with genotype 1 HCV.
An automatic procedure that grades some facial skin structural signs: agreements and validation with clinical assessments made by dermatologists (2019)

This automatic scoring system offers a promising approach in the harmonization of Dermatological assessments of skin facial signs and their changes with age or the follow up of anti-aging treatments.
Polarity of tetraalkylammonium-based ionic liquids and related low temperature molten salts (2017)

Solvatochromic measurements and <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectroscopy have been used to investigate the overall polarity of tetraalkylammonium based ionic liquids and low temperature molten salts.
Multiscale Investigation of the Mechanisms Controlling the Corrosion of Borosilicate Glasses in Hyper-Alkaline Media (2020)

The overarching goal of the present multiscale investigation is to unearth the kinetics and mechanisms of corrosion of borosilicate glasses in hyper-alkaline (pH = 13) environments as a function of their chemical composition. Accordingly, a series of 3- to 6-component borosilicate glasses have been designed starting from Na2O–B2O3–SiO2 ternary, wherein the compositional complexity has been added in a systematic tiered approach, finally resulting in the composition of the well-known international simple glass (ISG). Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), one of the most widely used alkaline etchant in the glass and electronics industry, has been used as the corrosion media. A series of state-of-the-art characterization techniques including magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, elastic recoil detection analysis, and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy have been employed to unearth the compositional dependence of glass corrosion in hyper-alkaline environments. The glass compositions underwent congruent corrosion in the forward rate regime, whereas the controlling mechanism of corrosion in the residual rate regime depends on the presence/absence of Ca in the surrounding environment and can be explained on the basis of the dissolution–reprecipitation model. The dependence of corrosion kinetics and the chemistry of alteration products (in the residual rate regime) on the glass composition have been discussed. The results presented in this contribution will ultimately supplement the scientific literature attempting to understand the fundamental science governing the aqueous corrosion of silicate-based glass chemistries and add to the growing database required to develop nonempirical predictive models for designing glasses with controlled dissolution rates.
CUBA (2008)

Data-parallel co-processors have the potential to improve performance in highly parallel regions of code when coupled to a general-purpose CPU. However, applications often have to be modified in non-intuitive and complicated ways to mitigate the cost of data marshalling between the CPU and the co-processor. In some applications the overheads cannot be amortized and co-processors are unable to provide benefit. The additional effort and complexity of incorporating co-processors makes it difficult, if not impossible, to effectively utilize co-processors in large applications.
Irradiated compared with nonirradiated NSG mice for the development of a human B-cell lymphoma model. (2014)

NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid)Il2rg(tm1Wjl)/SzJ (NSG) mice are a superior strain for the engraftment of human tumors, as they provide an ideal model to explore the potency, toxicity, and dosage of therapeutic drugs. Although whole-body nonlethal irradiation is often performed to enhance engraftment, the need for irradiation to establish a human B-cell lymphoma model using the NSG strain has not been addressed. In the current study, a mouse model of B-cell lymphoma was established by intravenous injection of human B-cell lymphoma Z138 cells into mice with and without irradiation. Tumor development, signs of engraftment, survivability of engrafted mice, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry were evaluated. Potential sex-associated variations in the model were assessed also. Irradiation of NSG mice did not enhance tumor cell engraftment, and nonirradiated animals had increased survivability. Mice with irradiation survived for a median of 27 d before being euthanized due to signs of morbidity, whereas those without irradiation had a median survival of 35 d. Both irradiated and nonirradiated mice were normal in activity until 3 wk after the injection of cells. At that time, the mice started to show signs of lymphoma including ruffled fur, decreased activity, and hindlimb paralysis. There were no significant differences in evaluated parameters between male and female mice. Therefore, we conclude that a model of B-cell lymphoma can successfully be established by using Z138 cells in nonirradiated male and female NSG mice.
Use of Indocyanine Green Fluorescent Dye Video Angiography in Orthopaedic Trauma: A Pilot Study (2013)

There is no literature describing the use of indocyanine green angiography in orthopaedic trauma. This study describes four cases in which the novel application of laser-assisted indocyanine green angiography (LA-ICGA) was used to assist surgical decision making in orthopaedic trauma. It is an observational, retrospective case series of four primary trauma patients in which LA-ICGA was used to qualitatively evaluate tissue perfusion in the intraoperative setting. Poor perfusion on LA-ICGA was associated with negative clinical outcome, including progression to necrosis or amputation. LA-ICGA provides an assessment of soft tissue perfusion that may be correlated to tissue prognosis. It is safe for patient use, can be used at the bedside or intraoperatively, and allows for multiple repeat assessments within a short period. This technology holds promise for more widespread use in orthopaedic trauma, especially in controversial fields, such as defining the threshold for amputation versus reconstruction.
A hybrid coil system for high frequency electromagnetic induction sensing (2017)

Intermediate electrical conductivity (IEC, 100-105 S/m) objects are increasingly important to properly detect and classify. For the US Military, carbon fiber (CF) "smart bomb" unexploded ordnance (UXO) are contaminating training ranges. Home-made explosives (HME) may also fit in this conductivity range. Objects in this conductivity range exhibit characteristic quadrature response peaks at high frequencies (100 kHz-15 MHz). Previous efforts towards electromagnetic induction (EMI) sensing of IEC targets have required single-turn, small-diameter transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx) loops. These smaller loops remain electrically short in the high frequency EMI (HFEMI) range (100 kHz-15 MHz), a necessary feature, but provide low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), especially at low frequencies (1000 Hz-10 kHz). We propose a modification to our pre-production HFEMI instrument which has a hybrid low frequency/high frequency transmit coil. This hybrid system uses many turns in the traditional range, and a single wire turn at HFEMI frequencies, to maximize SNR across a wider EMI band. The turns which are not current carrying in high frequency mode must have negligible inductive coupling to the single current-carrying turn, low enough that any coupling is suitable for background subtraction. This is enforced by mutually disconnecting every turn from every other turn. The instrument uses the same calibration techniques as previously introduced,1 namely background subtraction and ferrite compensation. This paper dis- cusses engineering tradeoffs, compares results to numerical models and actual data from an advanced induction sensor, shows improvement in signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at traditional EMI frequencies, and shows the same ability to detect IEC targets in the HFEMI band.
Multifunctional Tunable Optical Filter Using MEMS Spatial Light Modulator (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a multifunctional tunable microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) optical bandpass filter that can continuously and independently tune the center wavelength and the passband spectral width. The filter function is achieved by dispersing the input light on a MEMS spatial light modulator (SLM) that is implemented with gold-coated mirrors microassembled on a MEMS platform. The mirrors are actuated by electrostatic combdrives that are bidirectional and have a maximum stable displacement of 44 ¿m in both directions for a total range of 88 ¿m. By actuating the SLM, the 1-dB bandwidth of the filter can be continuously tuned from 0.1 to 1.3 nm, and the 3-dB bandwidth can be tuned from 0.3 to 1.5 nm. In addition, the center wavelength can be fine tuned by actuating the movable blocking mirrors and coarsely tuned over a large spectral range by rotating the grating.
Crystal structure of catena-di-µ-acetylacetonato-cadmium(II) (1975)

The crystal structure of the title compound has been determined from single crystal X-ray diffractometer data, and refined by full-matrix least-squares R 0·042 for 1105 observed reflections. Crystals are monoclinic, space group P21/a, a= 18·832(8), b= 7·012(3). c= 8·531(3)Å, β= 96·08(3)°, Z= 4. The structure is comprised of linear chains of cadmium atoms spaced at 3·768(2) and 3·718(2)Å; the cadmium atoms are bridged by one oxygen atom from each ligand [Cd–O 2·288–2·353(4)Å] the remaining two co-ordination sites about the six-co-ordinate cadmium being occupied by the other two non-bridging oxygen atoms [Cd–O 2·221, 2·250(4)Å].
Supplementary Table 4 from <i>CHFR</i> Promoter Methylation Indicates Poor Prognosis in Stage II Microsatellite Stable Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Correlations between promoter CpG island methylation of 19 tumor suppressor/DNA repair genes, MSI, BRAF, KRAS and CIMP in the study population.&lt;/p&gt;
Synthetic peptide in mineral oil adjuvant elicits simian immunodeficiency virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes in rhesus monkeys. (1993)

In view of the importance of cell-associated virus in AIDS virus transmission, an HIV vaccine should be able to induce a virus-specific CTL response. Traditional subunit vaccines have not elicited virus-specific CD8+ MHC class I-restricted CTL. We have used the simian immunodeficiency virus of macaques (SIVmac)/rhesus monkey model to explore the use of CTL epitope peptide-helper peptide conjugates for the vaccine elicitation of AIDS virus-specific CTL. We found that both the CTL epitope peptide-helper peptide conjugate and the CTL epitope peptide alone, when delivered in an emulsion with IFA, induced CTL epitope-specific CD8+ MHC class I-restricted CTL. These effector cells recognized processed viral protein and were readily cloned from PBL of the immunized monkeys. Moreover, the cloned effector cells inhibited SIVmac replication in PBL. Immunization with the CTL epitope peptide used in this study also elicited a CD4+ PBL proliferative response, suggesting that the peptide also contained a helper epitope. These studies provide further evidence for the potential usefulness of peptide-based AIDS virus vaccines.
Experimental Examination of the Push‐Down Technique for Measuring the Sliding Resistance of Silicon Carbide Fibers in a Ceramic Matrix (1991)

The use of a push‐down technique to measure the sliding resistance of NICALON fibers (SiC) in a lithium aluminosilicate (LAS) matrix has been examined experimentally. Tests have been conducted on more than 300 fibers in 2 different samples of the as‐processed SiC/LAS III composite. Results show that the push‐down measurements on an individual sample are reproducible, that the sliding resistance can vary significantly between samples, and that Poisson's expansion does not affect push‐down measurements of fibers in this system.
Axial Resolution and the Value of Interpolating Scan in Multislice Positron Computed Tomography (1985)

We have calculated the aperture function of a positron computed tomograph (PCT) with computer simulation, and evaluated the axial resolution of a multislice PCT, Positologica III, both theoretically and experimentally. The axial point spread function (PSF) was approximately a triangle at or near the center of the field, and the sensitivity for the slice decreased significantly as the source moved away off the image plane. Accordingly, there were low sensitivity areas between an in-plane and the adjacent cross-plane. This invisible region was clinically significant if the object was thin enough in the z-axis. In order to fill up the gaps between adjacent slices, it is valuable to move the patient half the slice interval in the z-axis and perform an " interpolating scan."
Plasmonic Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Core−Shell Metal−Insulator Nanoparticles (2010)

We present an investigation into incorporating core-shell Au-SiO(2) nanoparticles into dye-sensitized solar cells. We demonstrate plasmon-enhanced light absorption, photocurrent, and efficiency for both iodide/triiodide electrolyte based and solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells. Our spectroscopic investigation indicates that plasmon-enhanced photocarrier generation competes well with plasmons oscillation damping with in the first tens of femtoseconds following light absorption.
Total Hip Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Addaction Ankylosed Hip (2008)

【はじめに】人工股関節全置換術(以下THA）は強直股関節症例に対しても有効な手段である．今回，当科で行った強直股関節に対するTHAにおいて，特に術後内転位が残存した症例に注目して検討した．【対象・方法】1999年から2007年までに当科で行った強直股関節THA 46例4股を対象とし，術前後の脚長差，術前・術後最終調査時の歩行状態，隣接関節痛について検討した．またTHA後股関節が15°以上内転している内転位残存群，これ以外の非内転位群と分類し，両群を比較検討した．【結果】各群の内訳は，内転位残存群7例7股，非内転位群39例40股であった．脚長差は術後両群とも改善されたが，内転位残存群では見かけの脚長差が残存していた．歩行能力は両群とも改善していた．隣接関節痛は非内転位群では改善していたが，内転位残存群では改善は認めなかった．【考察】術後内転位の残存は見かけの脚長差や隣接関節痛が残存し，患者満足度に影響を与えることが示唆された．