gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Haptic noise cancellation: Restoring force perception in robotically-assisted beating heart surgery (2010)

Beating heart surgical methods have the potential to remove the need for the heart-lung machine and its attendant side effects, but must contend with the motion of the heart. Recent research in robotically-assisted surgery has produced a handheld, actuated instrument that can track and compensate for heart motion; however, the reaction forces caused by the actuation mechanism make it difficult for the surgeon to feel the heart during the operation, which can lead to unsafe tissue manipulation. This paper investigates an instrument design that negates reaction forces to the user by moving a counterweight out of phase with the moving mass of the actuator. The resulting instrument retains the tracking and motion compensation abilities of the current instrument, but reduces reaction forces felt by the user by over 80%. Subjects used the new instrument in an in vitro beating heart surgical contact task and performance was compared to the previously existing instrument. The new instrument provided a 28% increase in user force sensitivity and improved user reaction times by 51%, indicating that the new instrument greatly enhances force perception in beating heart tasks.
Improving Generative Moment Matching Networks with Distribution Partition (2021)

Generative moment matching networks (GMMN) present a theoretically sound approach to learning deep generative mod-els. However, such methods are typically limited by the high sample complexity, thereby impractical in generating complex data. In this paper, we present a new strategy to train GMMN with a low sample complexity while retaining the theoretical soundness. Our method introduces some auxiliary variables, whose values are provided by a pre-trained model such as an encoder network in practice. Conditioned on these variables, we partition the distribution into a set of conditional distributions, which can be effectively matched with a low sample complexity. We instantiate this strategy by presenting an amortized network called GMMN-DP with shared auxiliary variable information for the data generation task, as well as developing an efficient stochastic training algorithm.The experimental results show that GMMN-DP can generate complex samples on datasets such as CelebA and CIFAR-10, where the vanilla GMMN fails.
Two-Photon Absorption in Gold Mediated by Higher Order Plasmonic Antenna Modes (2015)

Using two-photon luminescence (TPL) scanning laser microscopy and FDTD simulations, we investigate the TPL process of Au nanoantennas beyond the fundamental mode. Enhanced two-photon absorption dominates the process and a clear signature of the mode parity is observed.
Electron transfer of carbonylmetalate radical pairs: femtosecond visible spectroscopy of optically excited ion pairs (1997)

Charge transfer excitation at 640 nm of the cobaltocenium tetracarbonylcobaltate ion pair, [Cp{sub 2}Co{sup +}{vert_bar}Co(CO){sub 4}{sup -}], was monitored in 1,2- dichloroethane solution by femtosecond transient visible absorption spectroscopy. The absorption prepares a neutral radical pair that can undergo spontaneous back electron transfer, and which shows a double peaked spectrum with features at 760 and 815 nm at 3 ps delay time. Transient decay times of 5.8{+-}0.5 ps were measured by monitoring the decay of Co(CO){sub 4} at 757 nm and 780 nm, and these are assigned to the back electron transfer step. The ET kinetics are consistent with the previously reported rates of electron transfer that were measured for specific vibrational states by picosecond transient IR.
Linear-Response Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory with Stochastic Range-Separated Hybrids (2020)

Generalized Kohn-Sham density functional theory is a popular computational tool for the ground state of extended systems, particularly within range-separated hybrid (RSH) functionals that capture the long-range electronic interaction. Unfortunately, the heavy computational cost of the nonlocal exchange operator in RSH-DFT usually confines the approach to systems with at most a few hundred electrons. A significant reduction in the computational cost is achieved by representing the density matrix with stochastic orbitals and a stochastic decomposition of the Coulomb convolution (<i>J. Phys. Chem. A</i> <b>2016,</b> <i>120,</i> 3071). Here, we extend the stochastic RSH approach to excited states within the framework of linear-response generalized Kohn-Sham time-dependent density functional theory (GKS-TDDFT) based on the plane-wave basis. As a validation of the stochastic GKS-TDDFT method, the excitation energies of small molecules N<sub>2</sub> and CO are calculated and compared to the deterministic results. The computational efficiency of the stochastic method is demonstrated with a two-dimensional MoS<sub>2</sub> sheet (∼1500 electrons), whose excitation energy, exciton charge density, and (excited state) geometric relaxation are determined in the absence and presence of a point defect.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of 2‐(Substituted‐sulfanyl)‐3,5‐dihydro‐imidazole‐4‐one (V) and 2‐(Substituted‐sulfanyl)‐1H‐imidazole‐4,5‐dione Derivatives (VIII) on Serum HDL‐Cholesterol. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Image‐based high‐throughput phenotyping for the estimation of persistence of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenneL.)—A review (2021)

Abstract Perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) is considered the most important pasture species in temperate agriculture, with over six million hectares of sown area in Australia alone. However, perennial ryegrass has poor persistence in some environments because of low tolerance to a range of both abiotic and biotic stresses. To breed perennial ryegrass, cultivars with greater persistence and productivity may require evaluation of genotypes over a number of years. Persistence assessment in pasture breeding depends on manual ground cover estimation or counting the number of surviving plants or tillers in a known area. These methods are subjective and labour intensive, which may limit data collection in large‐scale breeding programs. With the rapid development of sensors and image processing algorithms, image‐based high‐throughput phenotyping (HTP) is becoming commonplace in the breeding of major food crops. Image‐based HTP approaches consist of the deployment of a wide range of sensors on ground‐based or airborne platforms and data analysed through image processing pipelines. Image‐based HTP shows high potential for use in pasture phenotyping in breeding programs and may be able to reduce timeframes for releasing new cultivars. Moreover, existing image‐based HTP approaches could be further developed to include precise tools for phenotyping pasture persistence traits such as pasture senescence, botanical composition, pathogen and pest resistance. In this study, we reviewed existing image‐based HTP approaches in precision agriculture and discussed their feasibility for perennial ryegrass persistence estimation in pasture breeding. Although the paper focuses on application in perennial ryegrass, the principles equally apply to other perennial forage species.
Early Feasibility Testing and Engineering Development of a Sutureless Beating Heart Connector for Left Ventricular Assist Devices (2014)

APK Advanced Medical Technologies (Atlanta, GA) is developing a sutureless beating heart (SBH) left ventricular assist device (LVAD) connector system consisting of anchoring titanium coil, titanium cannula with integrated silicone hemostatic valve, coring and delivery tool, and LVAD locking mechanism to facilitate LVAD inflow surgical procedures. Feasibility testing was completed in human cadavers (n = 4) under simulated normal and hypertensive conditions using saline to observe seal quality in degraded human tissue and assess anatomic fit; acutely in ischemic heart failure bovine model (n = 2) to investigate short-term performance and ease of use; and chronically for 30 days in healthy calves (n = 2) implanted with HeartWare HVAD to evaluate performance and biocompatibility. Complete hemostasis was achieved in human cadavers and animals at LV pressures up to 170 mm Hg. In animals, off-pump (no cardiopulmonary bypass) anchoring of the connector was accomplished in less than 1 minute with no residual bleeding after full delivery and locking of the LVAD; and implant of connector and LVAD were successfully completed in under 10 minutes with total procedure blood loss less than 100 ml. In chronic animals before necropsy, no signs of leakage or disruption at the attachment site were observed at systolic LV pressures >200 mm Hg.
Reliability modeling of hard real-time systems (2002)

A hard real-time control system, such as a fly-by-wire system, fails catastrophically (e.g., lose stability) if its control input is not updated by its digital controller computer within a certain time limit called the hard deadline. To assess and validate system reliability by using a semi-Markov model that explicitly contains the deadline information, we propose a path-space approach deriving the upper and lower bounds of the probability of system failure. These bounds are derived by using only simple parameters, and they are especially suitable for highly-reliable systems which must recover quickly. Analytical bounds are derived for both exponential and Weibull failure distributions, which have proven effective through numerical examples, while considering three repair strategies: repair-as-good-as-new, repair-as-good-as-old, and repair-better-than-old.
Pharmacological disruption of mSWI/SNF complex activity restricts SARS-CoV-2 infection (2023)

Identification of host determinants of coronavirus infection informs mechanisms of viral pathogenesis and can provide new drug targets. Here we demonstrate that mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complexes, specifically canonical BRG1/BRM-associated factor (cBAF) complexes, promote severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and represent host-directed therapeutic targets. The catalytic activity of SMARCA4 is required for mSWI/SNF-driven chromatin accessibility at the ACE2 locus, ACE2 expression and virus susceptibility. The transcription factors HNF1A/B interact with and recruit mSWI/SNF complexes to ACE2 enhancers, which contain high HNF1A motif density. Notably, small-molecule mSWI/SNF ATPase inhibitors or degraders abrogate angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) expression and confer resistance to SARS-CoV-2 variants and a remdesivir-resistant virus in three cell lines and three primary human cell types, including airway epithelial cells, by up to 5 logs. These data highlight the role of mSWI/SNF complex activities in conferring SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility and identify a potential class of broad-acting antivirals to combat emerging coronaviruses and drug-resistant variants.
Untersuchung der Wurzelexsudation nach unterschiedlicher Eisen- und Kupferversorgung am Beispiel von Lupinus albus L. (1999)

Providing Lupinus albus L. with nutrient solutions varying in their iron and copper content resulted in different root exudation patterns. Iron deficiency caused a high release of phenolic compounds and protons and an accumulation of copper in the roots. After plant exposition to copper deficiency, increased amounts of dissolved organic carbon in the medium were measured. Plants grown under excess of copper accumulated the metal in the roots and translocated a part to the shoot. Additionally, higher amounts of phenolics in the medium were found.
Fluorine Doped (Sn,Ru)O2 electro-Catalysts for Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) in PEM Based Water Electrolysis (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Rhombohedral-tetragonal structural change and enhanced piezoelectric constant in (1-x)BiFeO3-xBiCoO3thin films (2011)

Thin films of rhombohedral-tetragonal solid solution (1-x)BiFeO3-xBiCoO3 (BFCO) with x = 0-0.30 were prepared by chemical solution deposition on SrTiO3(001) and LaAlO3(001) substrates. Thin films grown on SrTiO3 substrate shows a gradual second order change from a rhombohedral phase to a tetragonal phase with c/a = 1.04. The piezoelectric constant d33 initially increased with increasing Co content, reached 80 pm/V at x = 0.05, and gradually decreased at x above 0.05. Films on LaAlO3(001) having smaller lattice parameter than SrTiO3 shows a distinct change from the rhombohedral phase to the tetragonal phase with a large c/a = 1.23. d33 of films on LAO reached 100 pm/V at x = 0.10, almost double that of BiFeO3. Co substitution in the rhombohedral phase enhances the piezoelectric response.
Optical Integrated Reconfigurable Interconnections For Real-Time Signal Processing (1989)

Physical Optics Corporation (POC) proposes a new type of highly reconfigurable optical interconnects. This will be accomplished as a hybridization of intergrated planar holo-graphic interconnects and fast addressing, based either on acousto-optic modulators or smectic-A liquid crystals. The basic novelty of POC&apos;s approach is in using permanent holograms instead of dynamic holograms (which are slow, expensive and exhibit low efficiency) but in which the reconfigurability is shifted to an electro-optic (or magneto-optic) addressing system. Thus, POC&apos;s approach can combine the superior interconnect-ability ruggedness, compactness, and efficiency of permanent planar Bragg holograms with the ruggedness and nanosecond responses time of the fastest optoelectronic addressing systems. POC&apos;s reconfigurable holographic interconnects will have the following superior features: A) High interconnectability and parallelity ( &gt; 104-fan-out) B) Compactness, micro-electronic packaging compatibility C) Highly rugged, environmentally and mechanically stable D) Low insertion loss ( &lt; 1db/channel) and low cross-talk ( &lt; -20db), with diffraction efficiency up to 99% E) Fast accessing-switching time ( &lt; lnsec., for acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) and, &lt;20nsec, for smectic-A liquid crystals (LCs)) F) High throughput ( &gt; 1011 channels/sec.) G) Low cost H) Flexible interconnect topology While the properties (A,B,C,D,E) are considered to be necessary conditions for the majority of real-time computing applications, the current state-of-the-art optical interconnects can never satisfy more than two of these requirements. Thus, the proposed interconnects go far beyond the state-of-the-art.
Characterization of a novel intrinsically radiopaque Drug-eluting Bead for image-guided therapy: DC Bead LUMI™ (2017)

We have developed a straightforward and efficient method of introducing radiopacity into Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS) hydrogel beads (DC Bead™) that are currently used in the clinic to treat liver malignancies. Coupling of 2,3,5-triiodobenzaldehyde to the PVA backbone of pre-formed beads yields a uniformly distributed level of iodine attached throughout the bead structure (~150mg/mL) which is sufficient to be imaged under standard fluoroscopy and computed tomography (CT) imaging modalities used in treatment procedures (DC Bead LUMI™). Despite the chemical modification increasing the density of the beads to ~1.3g/cm<sup>3</sup> and the compressive modulus by two orders of magnitude, they remain easily suspended, handled and administered through standard microcatheters. As the core chemistry of DC Bead LUMI™ is the same as DC Bead™, it interacts with drugs using ion-exchange between sulfonic acid groups on the polymer and the positively charged amine groups of the drugs. Both doxorubicin (Dox) and irinotecan (Iri) elution kinetics for all bead sizes evaluated were within the parameters already investigated within the clinic for DC Bead™. Drug loading did not affect the radiopacity and there was a direct relationship between bead attenuation and Dox concentration. The ability (Dox)-loaded DC Bead LUMI™ to be visualized in vivo was demonstrated by the administration of into hepatic arteries of a VX2 tumor-bearing rabbit under fluoroscopy, followed by subsequent CT imaging.
The pattern of visual deficits in amblyopia (2003)

Amblyopia is usually defined as a deficit in optotype (Snellen) acuity with no detectable organic cause. We asked whether this visual abnormality is completely characterized by the deficit in optotype acuity, or whether it has distinct forms that are determined by the conditions associated with the acuity loss, such as strabismus or anisometropia. To decide this issue, we measured optotype acuity, Vernier acuity, grating acuity, contrast sensitivity, and binocular function in 427 adults with amblyopia or with risk factors for amblyopia and in a comparison group of 68 normal observers. Optotype acuity accounts for much of the variance in Vernier and grating acuity, and somewhat less of the variance in contrast sensitivity. Nevertheless, there are differences in the patterns of visual loss among the clinically defined categories, particularly between strabismic and anisometropic categories. We used factor analysis to create a succinct representation of our measurement space. This analysis revealed two main dimensions of variation in the visual performance of our abnormal sample, one related to the visual acuity measures (optotype, Vernier, and grating acuity) and the other related to the contrast sensitivity measures (Pelli-Robson and edge contrast sensitivity). Representing our data in this space reveals distinctive distributions of visual loss for different patient categories, and suggests that two consequences of the associated conditions--reduced resolution and loss of binocularity--determine the pattern of visual deficit. Non-binocular observers with mild-to-moderate acuity deficits have, on average, better monocular contrast sensitivity than do binocular observers with the same acuity loss. Despite their superior contrast sensitivity, non-binocular observers typically have poorer optotype acuity and Vernier acuity, at a given level of grating acuity, than those with residual binocular function.
Eye Protection and Risk of Eye Injuries in High School Field Hockey (2015)

Among female high school field hockey players, MPE is associated with a reduced incidence of eye/orbital injuries and fewer severe eye/orbital and head/face injuries. Concussion rates did not change as a result of the national MPE. Concussion remains the most common injury involving the head and face among female field hockey players, prompting further inquiry into potential effects of adopting protective headgear/helmets.
Ibudilast (AV411), and its AV1013 analog, reduce HIV-1 replication and neuronal death induced by HIV-1 and morphine (2014)

Collectively, our data suggest that AV411 and its amino analog, AV1013, may be useful neuroprotective agents counteracting neurotoxicity caused by infected and activated glia, and implicate them as potential therapies for the management of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in an opioid-abusing population.
Metallic Tungsten Nanoparticles That Exhibit an Electronic State Like Carbides during the Carbothermal Reduction of WCl6 by Hydrogen (2020)

Carbothermal hydrogen reduction (CHR) is a unique dry chemical process used to fabricate metals and carbides on carbon supports. In this study, a stepwise CHR of WCl<sub>6</sub> on a graphite support is demonstrated for the first time. Powder X-ray diffraction studies revealed that, at 773 K, metallic tungsten nanoparticles are produced, whereas, at 1073 K, the metastable W<sub>2</sub>C phase is generated rather than the thermodynamically stable WC phase. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near edge structure studies showed that the chemical state of the W nanoparticles simultaneously exhibits metallic W(∼0) and carbide W(δ+) character. The obtained results suggest that, although electronic interactions exist between the metallic W atoms and the graphite support, the body-centered cubic structure of the metallic tungsten is maintained, confirmed by the extended X-ray absorption fine structure. In addition, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy observations revealed that the W nanoparticles exhibit a thin flattened shape on the support. These results support the notion that the mechanism for the formation of the W nanoparticles during the CHR is influenced by the electronic interactions between the W nanoparticles and the graphite support. Our work thus suggests that the combination of early-transition-metal atoms and carbon-based supports would afford modulatable electronic systems though the electronic interactions.
On the performance of transmitted-reference impulse radio (2005)

We consider a time-hopping impulse-radio system that uses transmitted-reference pulses for implicit channel estimation and equalization. A hybrid receiver structure first performs a filtering matched to the hopping sequence, and a subsequent correlation of the data pulses with the reference pulses. We analyze the performance of such a system both in AWGN and in multipath. For the AWGN case, we give exact expressions for the bit error probability that take into account the non-Gaussian nature of the noise-noise crossterms arising in the correlators. For the multipath case, we analyze inter-frame interference, as well as multipath interference from the reference pulse to the data pulse, providing dosed-form equations in the limit of a large number of multipath components.
Ultrafast imaging in biomedical ultrasound (2014)

Although the use of ultrasonic plane-wave transmissions rather than line-per-line focused beam transmissions has been long studied in research, clinical application of this technology was only recently made possible through developments in graphical processing unit (GPU)-based platforms. Far beyond a technological breakthrough, the use of plane or diverging wave transmissions enables attainment of ultrafast frame rates (typically faster than 1000 frames per second) over a large field of view. This concept has also inspired the emergence of completely novel imaging modes which are valuable for ultrasound-based screening, diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring. In this review article, we present the basic principles and implementation of ultrafast imaging. In particular, present and future applications of ultrafast imaging in biomedical ultrasound are illustrated and discussed.