gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inductance of a superconducting Corbino ring (1992)

Analytical expressions are obtained for the inductances of a thin Corbino ring. The calculations are made of a Corbino ring suspended in free space and with the superconducting current flowing only in the radial direction. With the superconducting current density, the authors calculate the kinetic and field inductances for conditions where the electrical skin depth and London penetration depth are larger than the ring's thickness. For these conditions the field inductance is independent of the film's thickness while the kinetic inductance is proportional to the reciprocal of the film's thickness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Metal-free class Ie ribonucleotide reductase from pathogens initiates catalysis with a tyrosine-derived dihydroxyphenylalanine radical (2018)

All cells obtain 2'-deoxyribonucleotides for DNA synthesis through the activity of a ribonucleotide reductase (RNR). The class I RNRs found in humans and pathogenic bacteria differ in (<i>i</i>) use of Fe(II), Mn(II), or both for activation of the dinuclear-metallocofactor subunit, β; (<i>ii</i>) reaction of the reduced dimetal center with dioxygen or superoxide for this activation; (<i>iii</i>) requirement (or lack thereof) for a flavoprotein activase, NrdI, to provide the superoxide from O<sub>2</sub>; and (<i>iv</i>) use of either a stable tyrosyl radical or a high-valent dimetal cluster to initiate each turnover by oxidizing a cysteine residue in the α subunit to a radical (Cys•). The use of manganese by bacterial class I, subclass b-d RNRs, which contrasts with the exclusive use of iron by the eukaryotic Ia enzymes, appears to be a countermeasure of certain pathogens against iron deprivation imposed by their hosts. Here, we report a metal-free type of class I RNR (subclass e) from two human pathogens. The Cys• in its α subunit is generated by a stable, tyrosine-derived dihydroxyphenylalanine radical (DOPA•) in β. The three-electron oxidation producing DOPA• occurs in <i>Escherichia coli</i> only if the β is coexpressed with the NrdI activase encoded adjacently in the pathogen genome. The independence of this new RNR from transition metals, or the requirement for a single metal ion only transiently for activation, may afford the pathogens an even more potent countermeasure against transition metal-directed innate immunity.
Associations of Snoring, Daytime Napping and Night Sleep Duration With Hyperuricemia in Rural Chinese Adults: the Henan Rural Cohort Study (2020)

Abstract Background. Evidence on the association of snoring, daytime napping or sleep duration with hyperuricemia (HUA) was limited, especially in the resources-poor areas. This study aimed to investigate the independent and joint effect of snoring frequency, daytime napping and sleep duration with prevalence of HUA in rural Chinese adults. Methods. 29,643 participants aged 18-79 years were included from baseline survey of the Henan Rural Cohort Study. Sleep variables were assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Multivariate logistic regression and linear regression models with HUA and serum uric acid level as dependent variables were conducted, respectively. Results. Of the 29,643 included adults, 3498 suffered from HUA. Compared to never snoring, the adjusted odds ratio ( OR ) and 95% confidence interval ( CI ) of HUA for rare snoring, occasional snoring and habitual snoring were 1.35 (1.17, 1.56), 1.30 (1.14, 1.47) and 1.59 (1.47, 1.73), respectively. Compared with no napping, participants who had daytime napping of 61-90 and &gt;91 min were associated with 29% and 30% increase in prevalence of HUA, respectively. But in night sleep duration groups, no significant associations were observed (all P&gt; 0.05). The positive associations between snoring and HUA were attenuated in older, female adults and those with chronic disease conditions. The joint of habitual snoring and longer daytime napping (≥61min) increased 63% prevalence on HUA. Conclusion. Snoring or daytime napping may independently increase the prevalence of HUA and serum uric acid (SUA) level. Moreover, habitual snoring and longer daytime napping might be jointly associated with a higher prevalence of HUA. Clinical Trial Registration The Henan Rural Cohort Study has been registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Register (Registration number: ChiCTR-OOC-15006699). http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=11375
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor Elicits an Angiogenic Phenotype in Human Ectopic Endometrial Cells and Triggers the Production of Major Angiogenic Factors via CD44, CD74, and MAPK Signaling Pathways (2010)

An active angiogenesis is required for ectopic endometrial tissue growth. Our previous studies led to the identification of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is markedly elevated in active, vascularized, and early-stage endometriotic lesions, as a potent mitogenic factor for endothelial cells. Our objective was to study the mechanisms by which MIF may stimulate angiogenesis in ectopic endometrial implantation sites. Primary cultures of ectopic endometrial cells were exposed to MIF, and the release of major angiogenic factors with targeted disruption of MIF signaling pathways was assessed. Patients were women found to have endometriosis during laparoscopy. The study was conducted at a hospital and reproduction research laboratory. Biopsies were removed from endometriotic lesions. Vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF), IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA and protein levels and expression and small interfering RNA silencing of MIF CD74/CD44 receptor complex and phosphorylation of ERK and p38 MAPKs were evaluated. MIF markedly up-regulated VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1 expression in endometriotic cells. Such an effect was abolished by (S,R)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4,5-dihydro-5-isoxazole acetic acid methyl ester (ISO-1), a specific inhibitor of MIF, and significantly down-regulated after specific small interfering RNA silencing of CD44 or CD74. MIF treatment strongly activated ERK and p38 MAPKs, and specific inhibitors of both pathways completely blocked basal and MIF-induced VEGF, IL-8, and MCP-1 synthesis. These results show for the first time that MIF exerts a potent indirect angiogenic effect by interacting with ectopic endometrial cells and inducing the secretion of major angiogenic factors via CD44, CD74, and MAPK signaling pathways and provide evidence for a possible new mechanism underlying endometriosis development and pathophysiology.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitrogen Monoxide with H<sub>2</sub> or CO as Reductant in Presence of SO<sub>2</sub> (2006)

Ir/SiO2 and Rh/SiO2 catalysts showed excellent activity for NO reduction with CO or H2 in the presence of O2 and SO2. Ir/SiO2 catalyzed NO reduction with both CO and H2, whereas Rh/SiO2 catalyzed reduction only with H2. The most important characteristic was that coexistence of O2 and SO2 is essential for NO reduction to occur. Surface science investigation using Ir(111) single crystal model catalyst revealed that the atomic sulfur was formed via disproportionation of SO2 and reacted with oxygen adsorbed on the surface to form SO2, which desorbed from the surface. Therefore, the iridium surface reverted to its initial metallic state. FT-IR measurements on Ir/SiO2 also indicated that the SO2 both stabilized and created Ir0 sites in the oxidizing atmosphere. The addition of Li and Ba to Ir/SiO2 and Zn to Rh/SiO2 was quite effective to enhance the catalytic activity for NO reduction in the presence of O2 and SO2 by acting as oxidation retardant to prevent deactivation of the active Ir and Rh metals supported on SiO2.
Robust speed control system considering vibration suppression caused by angular transmission error of planetary gear (2002)

This paper proposes a new robust speed control to suppress vibration caused by angular transmission error of planetary gears. For this purpose, this paper first constructs a new numerical simulation model of angular transmission error of planetary gear, which is confirmed by experimental data from a robot arm. Next, in order to suppress the vibration caused by angular transmission error, we propose a robust speed control system based on disturbance observer and coprime factorization. Numerical simulation results show that the proposed system regulates the angular speed of motor satisfactorily, and it suppresses the vibration caused by angular transmission error.
Microfluidic platforms for the study of neuronal injury in vitro (2017)

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 5.3 million people in the United States, and there are 12,500 new cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) every year. There is yet a significant need for in vitro models of TBI and SCI in order to understand the biological mechanisms underlying central nervous system (CNS) injury and to identify and test therapeutics to aid in recovery from neuronal injuries. While TBI or SCI studies have been aided with traditional in vivo and in vitro models, the innate limitations in specificity of injury, isolation of neuronal regions, and reproducibility of these models can decrease their usefulness in examining the neurobiology of injury. Microfluidic devices provide several advantages over traditional methods by allowing researchers to (1) examine the effect of injury on specific neural components, (2) fluidically isolate neuronal regions to examine specific effects on subcellular components, and (3) reproducibly create a variety of injuries to model TBI and SCI. These microfluidic devices are adaptable for modeling a wide range of injuries, and in this review, we will examine different methodologies and models recently utilized to examine neuronal injury. Specifically, we will examine vacuum-assisted axotomy, physical injury, chemical injury, and laser-based axotomy. Finally, we will discuss the benefits and downsides to each type of injury model and discuss how researchers can use these parameters to pick a particular microfluidic device to model CNS injury.
Radar-Enabled Recovery of the Sutter’s Mill Meteorite, a Carbonaceous Chondrite Regolith Breccia (2012)

Doppler weather radar imaging enabled the rapid recovery of the Sutter's Mill meteorite after a rare 4-kiloton of TNT-equivalent asteroid impact over the foothills of the Sierra Nevada in northern California. The recovered meteorites survived a record high-speed entry of 28.6 kilometers per second from an orbit close to that of Jupiter-family comets (Tisserand's parameter = 2.8 ± 0.3). Sutter's Mill is a regolith breccia composed of CM (Mighei)-type carbonaceous chondrite and highly reduced xenolithic materials. It exhibits considerable diversity of mineralogy, petrography, and isotope and organic chemistry, resulting from a complex formation history of the parent body surface. That diversity is quickly masked by alteration once in the terrestrial environment but will need to be considered when samples returned by missions to C-class asteroids are interpreted.
Structure–Activity Relationship Studies of the Cyclic Depsipeptide Natural Product YM‐254890, Targeting the Gq Protein (2017)

Extracellular signals perceived by G protein-coupled receptors are transmitted via G proteins, and subsequent intracellular signaling cascades result in a plethora of physiological responses. The natural product cyclic depsipeptides YM-254890 and FR900359 are the only known compounds that specifically inhibit signaling mediated by the G<sub>q</sub> subfamily. In this study we exploit a newly developed synthetic strategy for this compound class in the design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of eight new analogues of YM-254890. These structure-activity relationship studies led to the discovery of three new analogues, YM-13, YM-14, and YM-18, which displayed potent and selective G<sub>q</sub> inhibitory activity. This provides pertinent information for the understanding of the G<sub>q</sub> inhibitory mechanism by this class of compounds and importantly provides a pathway for the development of labeled YM-254890 analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemistry of Carbonyl Oxides from Ozonolysis of Vinyl Ethers. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Novel Glucagon-Related Peptide (GCRP) and Its Receptor GCRPR Account for Coevolution of Their Family Members in Vertebrates (2013)

The glucagon (GCG) peptide family consists of GCG, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1), and GLP2, which are derived from a common GCG precursor, and the glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP). These peptides interact with cognate receptors, GCGR, GLP1R, GLP2R, and GIPR, which belong to the secretin-like G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. We used bioinformatics to identify genes encoding a novel GCG-related peptide (GCRP) and its cognate receptor, GCRPR. The GCRP and GCRPR genes were found in representative tetrapod taxa such as anole lizard, chicken, and Xenopus, and in teleosts including medaka, fugu, tetraodon, and stickleback. However, they were not present in mammals and zebrafish. Phylogenetic and genome synteny analyses showed that GCRP emerged through two rounds of whole genome duplication (2R) during early vertebrate evolution. GCRPR appears to have arisen by local tandem gene duplications from a common ancestor of GCRPR, GCGR, and GLP2R after 2R. Biochemical ligand-receptor interaction analyses revealed that GCRP had the highest affinity for GCRPR in comparison to other GCGR family members. Stimulation of chicken, Xenopus, and medaka GCRPRs activated Gαs-mediated signaling. In contrast to chicken and Xenopus GCRPRs, medaka GCRPR also induced Gαq/11-mediated signaling. Chimeric peptides and receptors showed that the K(16)M(17)K(18) and G(16)Q(17)A(18) motifs in GCRP and GLP1, respectively, may at least in part contribute to specific recognition of their cognate receptors through interaction with the receptor core domain. In conclusion, we present novel data demonstrating that GCRP and GCRPR evolved through gene/genome duplications followed by specific modifications that conferred selective recognition to this ligand-receptor pair.
Solitaire Zero-knowledge (1999)

We show how a standard deck of playing cards can be used to implement a secure multiparty protocol to compute any boolean function. Our contribution to previous work: no identical copies of cards are needed, and the number of necessary cards is reduc
Digital Image Correlation for the Characterization of Fatigue Damage Evolution in Brazed Steel Joints (2014)

In this work, the fatigue behavior of brazed steel joints in different heat treatments and geometries was investigated and compared with the behavior of the steel substrate. Cyclic loading experiments were performed on a servo-hydraulic testing facility at R = 0.1. The results showed that brazed round specimens exhibit higher plastic strains and lower fatigue lifetimes at similar loading amplitudes when compared with their substrate material. Furthermore, the S,N-curves show that heat treatments which are performed after brazing significantly influence the fatigue lifetime and the defect tolerance of the brazed specimens. To investigate the local effects of the thin braze layer, digital image correlations (DIC) were performed with a high speed camera. The results show the complex interactions of a braze layer with the surrounding material and lead to a better understanding of the fatigue behavior of brazed steel joints.
OPTIMAL FOLDING OF DATA FLOW GRAPHS BASED ON FINITE PROJECTIVE GEOMETRY USING VECTOR SPACE PARTITIONING (2013)

A number of computations exist, especially in area of error-control coding and matrix computations, whose underlying data flow graphs are based on finite projective-geometry (PG) based balanced bipartite graphs. Many of these applications of finite projective geometry are actively being researched upon, especially in coding theory. Almost all these applications need large bipartite graphs, whose nodes represent parallel computations. To reduce its implementation cost, reducing amount of system/hardware resources during design is an important engineering objective. In this context, we present a scheme to reduce resource utilization while designing systems modeled using PG-based graphs. In such systems, the number of processing units is equal to the number of vertices, each performing an atomic computation. We present a novel way of partitioning the vertex set assigned to various atomic computations, into blocks. Each block of partition is then assigned to a processing unit. A processing unit performs the computations corresponding to the vertices in the block assigned to it in a sequential fashion, thus creating the effect of folding the overall computation. The symmetric properties of projective space lattices enable us to develop a conflict-free communication schedule. We employed the technique of coset decomposition of a finite field for partitioning. The folding scheme achieves the best possible throughput, in lack of any overhead of shuffling data across memories while scheduling another computation on the same processing unit. We first provide a scheme for a finite projective space of dimension five, and the corresponding schedules. This specific scheme is then generalized for arbitrary finite projective spaces. Both the folding schemes have been verified by both simulation as well as hardware prototyping. For example, a semi-parallel decoder architecture for a new class of expander codes was designed and implemented using this scheme, with potential deployment in DVD-R/CD-ROM drives.
Design, Synthesis, and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of 3‐(5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine and 5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbaldehyde Derivatives as Potential Anticancer Agents (2016)

In an attempt to find bio‐active small molecules, a series of novel 3‐(5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐1‐phenyl‐4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)pyridine 5a–i and 5‐(3‐(aryl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)‐3‐(pyridin‐3‐yl)‐4,5‐dihydropyrazole‐1‐carbaldehyde 6a–i were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activity against a panel of human cancer cell lines namely; HeLa (human cervix), NCI‐H460 (human lung), PC‐3 (human prostate), and NIH‐3T3 (mouse embryo fibroblasts) normal cell line. Most of these compounds exhibited moderate to good cytotoxic activity against the tested cancer cell lines and weak toxicity against normal cell line. Analogues 5b , 5f , 5g , 6b, and 6g showed significant cytotoxicity as compared to standard drug etoposide. Among all the synthesized compounds, compound 6g displayed superior cytotoxicity with an IC 50 value of 7.98 ± 1.08 μM for Hela cancer cell line.
A six-port based on-line measurement system using special probe with conical open end to determine relative complex permittivity at radio and microwave frequencies (2003)

Upon using reflection method, a special probe: a coaxial line with conical open end is applied to measure the complex relative permittivity of lossy materials at radio and microwave frequencies. We study the probe from the antenna aspect to find a theoretical relation between the reflection coefficients and relative complex permittivity of dielectric materials. The analytical impedance modeling is established. Theoretical simulations on several dielectric materials given by this new impedance modeling method show improved results. A portable complex relative permittivity measurement system with wide band, high accuracy, low cost etc., is fabricated. In this on-line measurement system, a new six-port junction in MIC (microwave integrated circuit) is used in order to realize the reflection method mentioned above. For this new six-port junction, a new method for linearizing the diodes is carried out. Then in the subsequent calibration procedure for the six-port junction, the criteria error function is modified. The using of six-port junction to measure the reflection coefficients reduces the cost of components needed for the usual frequency conversion methods which are used in commercial network analyzer. Since we use diodes to detect the out-put power of the six-port junction instead of the power meter. It reduces again the cost of the reflectometer. We suppose this on-line measurement system is useful in many domains of applications.
Figure S3 from Site-Specific PEGylation of Anti-Mesothelin Recombinant Immunotoxins Increases Half-life and Antitumor Activity (2023)

&lt;p&gt;ADP ribosylation activities of PEGylated RITs&lt;/p&gt;
Human mesenchymal stem cell basal membrane bending on gratings is dependent on both grating width and curvature (2018)

The topography of the extracellular substrate provides physical cues to elicit specific downstream biophysical and biochemical effects in cells. An example of such a topographical substrate is periodic gratings, where the dimensions of the periodic gratings influence cell morphology and directs cell differentiation. We first develop a novel sample preparation technique using Spurr's resin to allow for cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy imaging of cells on grating grooves, and observed that the plasma membrane on the basal surface of these cells can deform and bend into grooves between the gratings. We postulate that such membrane bending is an important first step in eliciting downstream effects. Thus, we use a combination of image analysis and mathematical modeling to explain the extent of bending of basal membrane into grooves. We show that the extent to which the basal membrane bends into grooves depends on both groove width and angle of the grating ridge. Our model predicts that the basal membrane will bend into grooves when they are wider than 1.9 µm in width. The existence of such a threshold may provide an explanation for how the width of periodic gratings may bring about cellular downstream effects, such as cell proliferation or differentiation.