gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crowd behaviour during high-stress evacuations in an immersive virtual environment (2016)

Understanding the collective dynamics of crowd movements during stressful emergency situations is central to reducing the risk of deadly crowd disasters. Yet, their systematic experimental study remains a challenging open problem due to ethical and methodological constraints. In this paper, we demonstrate the viability of shared three-dimensional virtual environments as an experimental platform for conducting crowd experiments with real people. In particular, we show that crowds of real human subjects moving and interacting in an immersive three-dimensional virtual environment exhibit typical patterns of real crowds as observed in real-life crowded situations. These include the manifestation of social conventions and the emergence of self-organized patterns during egress scenarios. High-stress evacuation experiments conducted in this virtual environment reveal movements characterized by mass herding and dangerous overcrowding as they occur in crowd disasters. We describe the behavioural mechanisms at play under such extreme conditions and identify critical zones where overcrowding may occur. Furthermore, we show that herding spontaneously emerges from a density effect without the need to assume an increase of the individual tendency to imitate peers. Our experiments reveal the promise of immersive virtual environments as an ethical, cost-efficient, yet accurate platform for exploring crowd behaviour in high-risk situations with real human subjects.
Multifunctional Click Hyaluronic Acid Nanogels for Targeted Protein Delivery and Effective Cancer Treatment in Vivo (2016)

Protein therapeutics offer a most effective treatment for many human diseases, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and malignant tumors. Unlike most chemotherapeutics that often cause notorious side effects, many protein drugs possess a high specificity and reduced systemic toxicity. Notably, clinically used protein drugs are mostly limited to those that have extracellular effects. Protein drugs that have intracellular targets do represent a large family of protein biologics that have not been introduced into the clinic, because of the absence of translatable intracellular protein delivery vehicles. Here we report efficient and targeted cancer protein therapy in vivo by bioresponsive fluorescent photoclick hyaluronic acid (HA) nanogels. Two intracellular protein drugs, cytochrome c (CC) and granzyme B (GrB), are loaded into the nanogels with preserved bioactivity. CC- and GrB-loaded HA nanogels can effectively target and release proteins to CD44 positive MCF-7 and A549 cancer cells, yielding striking antitumor effects with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration thousands of times lower than those of clinical chemotherapeutics. Remarkably, GrB-loaded HA nanogels at a low dose of 3.8–5.7 nmol of GrB equivalents/kg exhibit complete suppression of tumor growth and minimal adverse effects in nude mice bearing subcutaneous MCF-7 human breast tumor and orthotopic A549 human lung tumor xenografts.
Supplemental Figure S1 from Dendritic Cells in Irradiated Mice Trigger the Functional Plasticity and Antitumor Activity of Adoptively Transferred Tc17 Cells via IL12 Signaling (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Figure S1. Infiltration of pmel-1 Tc0 and Tc17 cells in the tumor is enhanced by TBI in dose dependent manner over host cells. C57BL/6 mice were injected with 3x105 B16F10 melanoma.&lt;/p&gt;
Exploiting multiuser diversity with only 1-bit feedback (2005)

In a system with n users, the sum-rate capacity of the downlink channel grows as log log n, assuming optimal scheduling. However, optimal scheduling requires that the downlink channel state information (CSI) for all users be fully available at the base station. We show that the same capacity growth holds even if the feedback rate from the mobiles to the base station is reduced to one bit. We propose a simple scheduling method to achieve this multiuser capacity and, furthermore, we show that, by a judicious choice of the one-bit quantizer, not only the growth rate, but also most of the capacity of a fully informed system can be preserved.
Mycophenolate Mofetil: A Possible Alternative Treatment for IgA Nephropathy (2017)

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in developed countries and a leading cause of chronic kidney disease. IgAN is a mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis characterized by diffuse mesangial deposition of IgA, often accompanied by the deposition of IgG and the C3 component of complement in a similar distribution. This condition is in most cases oligosymptomatic, often discovered coincidentally. Currently, there is no specific treatment available for IgAN and the use of immunosuppression therapy is debated. Due to immune-mediated pathogenic nature of IgAN, therapy with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a potent immunosuppressive agent, could be effective in patients at risk for progressive disease. In this paper, we discuss the case of an IgAN patient treated with MMF at our center, followed by a review of the literature and our previous experience on the potential renoprotective effects of MMF in IgAN patients with different clinical presentation, despite adequate angiotensin blockade and steroid therapy.
An Energy Efficient Hierarchical Cooperation Based TDMA MAC Protocol in Ad Hoc Wireless Networks (2013)

Hierarchical cooperation (HC) has been proven in linear capacity scaling for ad hoc networks when density of nodes exists. This technology has recently been studied as a new generation network architecture (i.e., 5G). However, for cellular networks, there have been few studies on MAC protocols for HC in relation to signaling. In particular, energy consumption due to frequently changed clusters for maintaining consecutive ad hoc networks, and with respect to limited battery supply, is an important issue that should be addressed. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient HC based (EEHC-) TDMA MAC protocol aimed at alleviating energy depletion. Through a simulation, we analyze the EEHC-TDMA MAC protocol considering hierarchy, density, and distance. Finally, we show that an EEHC-TDMA MAC with hierarchy reduces energy consumption and also achieves maximum throughput close to the linear capacity scaling.
Practical synthesis of an enantiomerically pure intermediate of the lactone moiety of mevinic acids (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPractical synthesis of an enantiomerically pure intermediate of the lactone moiety of mevinic acidsSerafin Valverde, J. Cristobal Lopez, Ana M. Gomez, and Silvestre Garcia-OchoaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 5, 1613–1615Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00031a056https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00031a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Expression of Angiogenic Growth Factors in Paragangliomas (2000)

Both VEGF and PD-ECGF are expressed in paragangliomas and may contribute to the extreme vascularity of these tumors. Key Words. Vascular endothelial growth factor, platelet-derived, endothelial cell growth factor, hypoxia, tumor vasculature.
Chemical and Isotopic Analysis of Trace Organic Matter on Meteorites and Interstellar Dust Using a Laser Microprobe Instrument (2001)

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are of considerable interest today because they are ubiquitous on Earth and in the interstellar medium (ISM). In fact, about 20% of cosmic carbon in the galaxy is estimated to be in the form of PAHs. Investigation of these species has obvious uses for determining the cosmochemistry of the solar system. Work in this laboratory has focused on four main areas: 1) Mapping the spatial distribution of PAHs in a variety of meteoritic samples and comparing this distribution with mineralogical features of the meteorite to determine whether a correlation exists between the two. 2) Developing a method for detection of fullerenes in extraterrestrial samples using microprobe Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectroscopy and utilizing this technique to investigate fullerene presence, while exploring the possibility of spatially mapping the fullerene distribution in these samples through in situ detection. 3) Investigating a possible formation pathway for meteoritic and ancient terrestrial kerogen involving the photochemical reactions of PAHs with alkanes under prebiotic and astrophysically relevant conditions. 4) Studying reaction pathways and identifying the photoproducts generated during the photochemical evolution of PAH-containing interstellar ice analogs as part of an ongoing collaboration with researchers at the Astrochemistry Lab at NASA Ames. All areas involve elucidation of the solar system formation and chemistry using microprobe Laser Desorption Laser Ionization Mass Spectrometry. A brief description of microprobe Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectroscopy, which allows selective investigation of subattomole levels of organic species on the surface of a sample at 10-40 micrometer spatial resolution, is given.
Structural Organization and a Standardized Nomenclature for Plant Endo-1,4-β-Glucanases (Cellulases) of Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 9 (2007)

International audience
Pre‐emptive, but not reactive, spinal cord stimulation mitigates transient ischemia induced myocardial infarction (2006)

Objective To determine whether spinal cord stimulation (SCS) mitigates transient ischemia-induced ventricular infarction and, if so, whether timing of SCS onset impacts on such cardioprotection. Methods The hearts of anesthetized rabbits, subjected to 30 min of LAD coronary arterial occlusion (CAO) followed by 3 hr of reperfusion (control), were compared to those subjected to pre-emptive SCS (started 15 min prior to and continuing throughout the 30 min CAO) or reactive SCS (started at 1 min or 28′ of CAO and maintained throughout reperfusion). For SCS, the dorsal C8-T2 segments of the spinal cord were stimulated electrically (5 or 50 Hz; 0.2 ms; 90% of motor threshold). Infarct size (IS), measured by tetrazolium, was expressed as percentage of risk zone. Results In controls exposed to 30 min of CAO, IS was 36.4±9.5% (±SD). High frequency (50 Hz) pre-emptive SCS reduced IS to 21.8±6.8% (p<0.0001), a cardioprotective effect that was not present at 5 Hz SCS (IS = 36.1±9.1%). Reactive SCS did not reduce IS. C8-T2 SCS did not alter blood pressure or heart rate. Conclusions Pre-emptive SCS reduces the size of infarcts induced by transient CAO. Reactive SCS was ineffective in reducing infarct size, even when maintained into reperfusion. (HL71830).
Calibration of hand-held camera sequences for plenoptic modeling (1999)

We focus on the calibration of very long image sequences from a hand-held camera that samples the viewing sphere of a scene. View sphere sampling is important for plenoptic (image-based) modeling that captures the appearance of a scene by storing images from all possible directions. The plenoptic approach is appealing since it allows, in principle, fast scene rendering of scenes with complex geometry and surface reflections, without the need for an explicit geometrical scene model. However the acquired images have to be calibrated, and current approaches mostly use pre-calibrated acquisition systems. This limits the generality of the approach. We propose using an uncalibrated hand-held camera only. The image sequence is acquired by simply waving the camera around the scene objects, creating a zigzag scan path over the viewing sphere. We extend the sequential camera tracking of an existing structure-from-motion approach to the calibration of a mesh of viewpoints. Novel views are generated by piecewise mapping and interpolating the new image from the nearest viewpoints according to the viewpoint mesh. Local depth map estimates enhance the rendering process. Extensive experiments with ground truth data and hand-held sequences confirm the performance of our approach.
Aspergillus fumigatus Copper Export Machinery and Reactive Oxygen Intermediate Defense Counter Host Copper-Mediated Oxidative Antimicrobial Offense (2017)

(Cell Reports 19, 1008–1021; May 2, 2017) In the originally published version of this article, the color codes for the ΔcrpA, OE::crpA and ΔaceA/OE::crpA mutants were mislabeled in Figure 5E. Figure 5 has now been corrected online and appears below. The authors regret this error.Figure 5CrpA Is a Putative Copper-Exporting ATPase Essential for Virulence of A. fumigatus (Original)View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT) Aspergillus fumigatus Copper Export Machinery and Reactive Oxygen Intermediate Defense Counter Host Copper-Mediated Oxidative Antimicrobial OffenseWiemann et al.Cell ReportsMay 02, 2017In BriefWiemann et al. find that Aspergillus fumigatus employs the copper-sensing transcription factor AceA to express the copper exporter CrpA as a defense mechanism against macrophages. Copper and reactive oxygen intermediate attack and defense are inextricably connected on the side of both host and pathogen during infection. Full-Text PDF Open Access
σ Metathesis as a Critical Step for the Transition Metal Catalyzed Formation of Formic Acid from CO2 and H2? An Ab Initio Investigation (1995)

The hydrogenation of CO 2 to formic acid catalyzed by three‐coordinate d 8 hydridorhodium complexes has been studied by ab initio calculations on [HRh(PH 3 ) 2 ] as the model catalyst. A catalytic cycle involving a 2σ + 2σ metathesis reaction between H 2 and [Rh(PH 3 ) 2 (O 2 CH)], in which rhodium remains in the oxidation state I , is proposed as an alternative to the traditional pathway involving Rh I /Rh III oxidation/reduction sequences.
137 PYRUVATE UPTAKE DURING EARLY CLEAVAGE PREDICTS BLASTOCYST DEVELOPMENT (2012)

The widely accepted picture of embryo metabolism has originated from work carried out in a few specialised laboratories due to the technical difficulty of carrying out metabolite assays on small volume samples. We have refined the noninvasive enzymatic determination of spent embryo culture medium for use in a standard fluorescence plate reader. Using this widely accessible, highly sensitive system, we have re-examined early bovine embryo metabolism. We have measured the consumption of pyruvate and glucose and formation of lactate by embryos in individual culture at all stages of preimplantation development. The consumption of pyruvate and glucose and production lactate by in vitro produced bovine embryos at the 2- to 4-cell, 8-cell, morula, and blastocyst stages was measured. Embryos were incubated individually for 24 h in 4-µL drops of medium alongside control drops. After 24 h of culture, the morphological status of each embryo was recorded and compared to the stage recorded at the beginning of individual culture. Analysis of the control and embryo samples of media was performed with a Tecan Infinite M200 spectrophotometer (Tecan Group Ltd., Männedorf, Switzerland) using an adapted ultramicrofluorometric technique previously described (Leese and Barton, 1984). Uptake or production over the 24 h period was calculated and expressed as pmol/embryo/h. A further experiment focusing on pyruvate consumption by early embryos was carried out. On Day 2, embryos were cultured individually for pyruvate analysis. On Day 3, embryos were assigned into 3 groups (low, intermediate, and high) on the basis of their pyruvate depletion and then cultured until Day 8. Significant differences in metabolic profile (glucose, lactate, and pyruvate) were tested by Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA followed by Fisher’s LSD test post hoc using Statview (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). There was no difference in glucose depletion and lactate production between embryos that progressed and those that did not at the cleavage stages. However, 2- to 4-cell-stage embryos that progressed morphologically depleted significantly more pyruvate from the medium than those that did not progress (6.19 ± 0.66 v. 3.80 ± 0.52 pmol/embryo/h, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.05, n = 88). Embryos with an intermediate level (6.14 ± 0.27 pmol/embryo/h) of pyruvate uptake were associated with the highest number of cells on Day 2 (5.43 ± 0.16, n = 60) and on Day 3 (6.37 ± 0.20, n = 60) and were also associated with the highest rate of blastocyst development on Day 8 in comparison with the groups which included embryos with low and high level of pyruvate uptake (68.3% v. 13.3% and 25.0%, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.05, n = 180). Embryos on Day 2 of development with an intermediate level of pyruvate uptake have between 2 and 3 times the probability of reaching the blastocyst stage in comparison with early embryos with high or low level of pyruvate uptake. Our data suggests that, at least for pyruvate consumption, there is a middle optimum range of depletion, which correlates with high viability.
Dioxygen activation by photoexcited copper atoms (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDioxygen activation by photoexcited copper atomsGeoffrey A. Ozin, Steven A. Mitchell, and Jamie Garcia-PrietoCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 21, 6399–6406Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00359a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00359a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views219Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of Monodispersed, Fluorescently Labeled Bacteria to Estimate In Situ Protozoan Bacterivory (1987)

We have developed a procedure for preparing monodispersed, fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB), which may be used to measure virtually instantaneous rates of protozoan bacterivory in natural waters. FLB can be prepared both from natural bacterioplankton assemblages and from clonal isolates and can be stored in frozen suspension or freeze-dried without apparent loss of fluorescence intensity. They are not toxic to protozoa and can be metabolized to support bacterivorous protozoan growth rates equal to those on the same strain of unstained, viable bacteria. In experiments comparing uptake of FLB with uptake of fluorescent latex microspheres by protozoan assemblages in a salt marsh tidal creek, we found that both pelagic oligotrichous ciliates and phagotrophic flagellates ingested FLB with a frequency 4- to 10-fold greater than they ingested the microspheres. Consequently, it appears that the use of latex microspheres leads to underestimation of protozoan bacterivory and that the FLB technique is superior for estimating instantaneous rates of in situ protozoan grazing on bacterioplankton.
A ground truth tool for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery (2003)

The performance of computer vision algorithms has made great strides and it is good enough to be useful in a number of civilian and military applications. Algorithm advancement in Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) in particular; has reached a critical point. State-of-the-art ATRs are capable of delivering robust performance for certain operational scenarios. As Computer Vision technology matures and algorithms enter the civilian and military marketplace as products, the lack of a formal testing theory and tools become obvious. In this paper we present the design and implementation of a Ground Truth Tool (GTT) for Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The tool serves as part of an evaluation system for SAR ATRs. It features a semi-automatic method for delineating image objects that draws upon the theory of deformable models. In comparison with other deformable model implementations, our version is stable and is supported by an extensive Graphical User Interface (GUI). Preliminary experimental tests show that the system can substantially increase the productivity and accuracy of the image analyst (IA).
Tensegrity-guided self assembly: from molecules to living cells (2008)

One of the wonders of life is that all cells undergo continual turnover, and sustain their structure and function through continuous molecular self assembly. However, this dynamic renewal process is commonly viewed from the ‘bottom-up’, by focusing on the properties and interaction functions of individual molecular components. In reality, all cells form from other cells using preexisting structures, such as the cytoskeleton, as orienting scaffolds that guide replication and formation of new cellular components. In this article, we take a ‘top-down’ approach and describe how living cells may use hierarchical tensegrity principles to stabilize the shape and structure of their internal subcomponents at multiple size scales. We also explain how use of this form of architecture that depends on tensional prestress for shape stability could provide a mechanism to focus mechanical forces on the molecular components that comprise these structures, and thereby control their biochemical activities and self assembly behavior in living cells. In this manner, self assembly of load-bearing structures in cells proceeds in particular patterns that precisely match the forces they need to bear. This also explains how cells seamlessly integrate structure and function at all size scales, a process that is fundamental to all living materials.
Cemented humeral stemversuspress-fit humeral stem in total shoulder arthroplasty (2019)

Cement fixation had similar revision rates when compared to press-fit stems at short- to midterm follow-up. Rotator cuff pathology was a prevalent complication in both groups but is likely not related to fixation type. Overall, with comparable revision rates, possible easier revision, and decreased operative time, humeral press-fit fixation may be an optimal choice for primary anatomical TSA in patients with sufficient bone stock. Cite this article: <i>Bone Joint J</i> 2019;101-B:1107-1114.
Streamlining the Delivery of Complex SOA Solutions with Global Resources (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Literature Survey and Industry Initiatives Software Componentization and the Distributed Workforce A Global Process Automation Framework SOA Delivery with GPAF: An Example Conclusions References and Further Reading