gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EXERCISE INDUCED HYPOXEMIA: DIFFUSION LIMITATIONS OR CHANGES IN LUNG VOLUMES (1999)

326 The purpose of this study was to determine if O2 desaturation of hemoglobin (%SaO2, pulse oximetry) during maximal running exercise is due to diffusion limitations (diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide [DLCO]) or changes in lung volumes. Ten males (25-35 yrs.) (VO2max, 3.41 ± 0.73 L.min−1) performed a maximal graded treadmill test (MAX) with a "supramaximal" component (SUPM) and a submaximal test (SUBM). The end point for SUBM was the point of arterial desaturation during MAX. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of two post exercise (IMPE) measurement schedules. Schedule 1: lung vol measured at IMPE and 20 min post exercise (20PE) and DLCO measured 10 min (10PE) and 30 min post exercise (30PE). Schedule 2: lung vol measured at 10PE and 30PE and DLCO at IMPE and 20PE. Baseline (BL) %SaO2 was 97.9±1.19 SEM and decreased to 93.7 ± 1.94 MAX (p<0.05) and 90.1±2.88 SUPM (p<0.05). DLCO at IMPE, 48.7±5.9 ml.min−1, and 10PE, 37.9±2.6, was >BL, 35.7±4.1, 20PE, 37.6±3.9 and 30PE 31.69±2.4 (p<0.05). Functional residual cap (FRC), IMPE (MAX) 3.72±0.51L was <BL, 4.32±0.49 and IMPE (SUBM), 4.08±0.44 as was slow vital capacity (SVC), 5.59±0.41L IMPE (MAX), 6.08±0.57 BL and 6.03±0.52 IMPE (SUBM) (p<0.05). There was no difference across MAX and SUBM for other lung vol. Decreases in %SaO2 (−2.3) from BL to 20PE was correlated to decreases in FRC (−0.4L) (r = 0.91) and to decreases in DLCO (−2.1) from BL to 30PE (r = 0.91), p<0.05. The ratio of ΔDLCO (BL to IMPE and 20PE) to VO2 (BL to MAX) was correlated to Δ%SaO2 (r = 0.69, p<0.05). It was concluded that MAX exercise produces ⇓%SaO2 that is associated with a decrease in FRC and SVC and ⇑ DLCO (20.9%) that is inadequate to support the magnitude of ⇑ VO2 of 885%.
X‐linked dominant charcot–marie–tooth neuropathy with 15 cases in a family genetic linkage study (1988)

A large CMT family with 5 affected males and 10 affected females of 37 members in four generations was investigated by recombinant DNA studies. The proband patient in his original description of the pedigree indicated male-to- male transmission in one of his relatives, suggesting autosomal dominant inheritance. The genetic linkage study between the CMT locus and the loci of six markers mapped on chromosome 1 (FY, APCS, AT3, REN, APOA2, and GBA) gave negative results. These findings prompted further pedigree investigation which proved that male-to-male transmission was not present. A genetic linkage study with DXYS1, which is a DNA marker mapped on the long arm of the chromosome X, revealed tight linkage with z = 3.15 at theta = 0.10.
ChemInform Abstract: A NOVEL REACTION TYPE PROMOTED BY AQUEOUS TITANIUM TRICHLORIDE. SYNTHESIS OF ALLYLIC PINACOLS (1983)

Abstract In Gegenwart einer I5 %igen wäßrigen sauren Lösung von TiCl 3 bilden sich durch reduktive Kopplung der Oxoverbindungen (I) mit den α,β‐ungesättigten AldehydeniIII) die funktionalisierten Allyl‐pinakole (IV).
SPECIFIC LYSIS OF ANTIGENICALLY IRRELEVANT CELLS BY CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES UPON INSERTION OF APPROPRIATE ANTIGENS INTO THE TARGET CELL PLASMA MEMBRANES (1983)

The importance of the membrane milieu to functional presentation of target cell (TC) antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was investigated by examining the interaction of CTL with TC plasma membrane (PM) fractions, in isolated form or integrated into antigenically irrelevant TC. Isolated ascitic vesicles, microsomes, and purified PM, containing serologically defined alloantigens that have been implicated as the relevant TC antigens, effectively, yet nonspecifically, inhibited the binding and lysis of TC by CTL. The same PM fractions, when inserted into antigenically irrelevant TC via vesicles containing Sendai virus components, rendered the TC susceptible to CTL-mediated lysis directed against the inserted antigens. These findings suggest that CTL interact specifically with TC determinants only when they are embedded in the proper membrane environment.
Information Theoretic Performance of Periodogram-Based CFO Estimation in Massive MU-MIMO Systems (2017)

In this paper, we study the information theoretic performance of the modified time-reversal maximum ratio combining (TR-MRC) receiver (presented in [9]) with the spatially averaged periodogram-based carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimator (proposed in [7]) in multi-user massive MIMO systems. √ Our analysis shows that an ( ) array gain is achieved with this periodogram-based CFO estimator, which is same as the array gain achieved in the ideal/zero CFO scenario (M is the number of base station antennas). Information theoretic performance comparison with the correlation-based CFO estimator for massive MIMO systems (proposed in [6]) reveals that this periodogram-based CFO estimator is more energy efficient in slowly time-varying channels.
Selective Mapping for Robust Data Transmission Using TxID Signal (2018)

For Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) digital terrestrial broadcasting systems, a transmitter identification (TxID) technique is introduced to analyze interference among broadcasting transmitters in single frequency networks (SFN). Based on the TxID analysis results, the transmit power and emission time delay of each broadcasting transmitter can be adjusted to minimize the effects of co- and adjacent- channel interference. For this reason, TxID has been recognized as an important feature in SFN configurations for ATSC 1.0 and 3.0 standards. Recently, there has been increasing interest in employing TxID for data transmission. This paper proposes a TxID based data transmission method for use with ATSC 1.0 and 3.0 standards. The major advantage of this data transmission method is its robustness while maintaining TxID properties. Simulations and laboratory tests demonstrate that the proposed technique can achieve a robust data transmission with backward compatibility to legacy ATSC 1.0 and 3.0 receivers.
Dual-Use Research of Concern (DURC) Review at American Society for Microbiology Journals (2015)

The potential use of biological knowledge for nefarious purposes has attracted significant concern. The field of microbiology has come under particular scrutiny because some microbes and toxins are potential agents for bioterrorism and biological warfare. In 2005, the U.S. government established the National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity (NSABB) to address issues related to biosecurity and dual-use research (http://osp.od.nih.gov/office-biotechnology-activities/biosecurity/nsabb). Over the past decade, the NSABB has considered several topics, including defining the boundary between research that requires no special oversight and research that could be misapplied, which is known as dual-use research of concern (DURC). One of the major accomplishments of the NSABB was to draft a definition for DURC as “life sciences research that, based on current understanding, can be reasonably anticipated to provide knowledge, information, products, or technologies that could be directly misapplied to pose a significant threat with broad potential consequences to public health and safety, agricultural crops and other plants, animals, the environment, materiel, or national security.” In addition to defining the type of research that should elicit heightened concern, the NSABB recommended that research be examined for DURC potential throughout its life span, from experimental conception to final dissemination of the results (http://osp.od.nih.gov/sites/default/files/resources/Framework%20for%20transmittal%20duplex%209-10-07.pdf) and developed tools for communicating findings that meet the definition (http://osp.od.nih.gov/sites/default/files/resources/Communication\_Tools%20\_Dual\_Use\_Potential.pdf). Furthermore, the NSABB sought to establish a culture of responsibility to mitigate risks associated with DURC that extended through the entire scientific enterprise and included journals and editors. In 2007, the American Society for Microbiology (ASM) responded to the NSABB directives by introducing a questionnaire in the manuscript referee review form used by its journals that asked reviewers to provide an assessment about whether the work involved experiments of concern.

Since the winter of 2012, the discipline of microbiology, and the field of virology in particular, has been convulsed by controversy …
Safety and Pharmacokinetics of the HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor TMC310911 Coadministered With Ritonavir in Healthy Participants (2013)

TMC310911 exhibited a linear pharmacokinetic profile after the single- (up to 2000 mg) and multiple-dose (up to 900 mg) administrations; ritonavir improved the pharmacokinetic profile of TMC310911. TMC310911 was generally safe and tolerable when administered with or without ritonavir.
PD activity and ageing of power-electronics controlled motors (2005)

This paper shows results of aging tests having the purpose to investigate the effect of power electronics supply waveforms on the reliability of low-voltage wire-wound asynchronous motors. Partial discharge phenomena were incepted in low power motors by connecting them to a commercial PWM inverter through a cable long enough to generate overshoot in the supply voltage. Partial discharge activity was monitored online and offline at pre-selected times. The results show that partial discharge activity is able to bring motors to breakdown in very short time and that partial discharge magnitude and repetition rate can be used as aging markers to infer insulation condition.
Abstract #4466: Development of 99mTc-EC-AMT for lung and breast tumor imaging in rodents (2009)

Purpose: Alpha-methyl tyrosine (AMT) labeled with 18F has been shown as a useful tumor imaging agent by PET (Inoue et al., J Nucl Med. 40(3):399-405, 1999). However, PET tracer production is costly and requires cyclotron and automation. Previously, we reported that cyclam-alpha-methyl-D, L-tyrosine (N4-AMT), an amino acid transporter-based compound, had high accumulation in several tumor models. N4-chemistry is complex due to chemical protection and de-protection steps. Using N, N-ethylene-di-L-cysteine (EC) as a chelator was an alternative due to its easier chemistry and higher hydrophilicity compared to N4. This study was aimed to synthesize 99mTc-EC-AMT and evaluate its potential in tumor imaging. Its in vitro and in vivo tumor uptakes were compared to that of 99mTc-N4-AMT. Methods: EC-AMT precursor was synthesized by reacting EC and 3-bromopropyl AMT (N-BOC, ethyl ester) in ethanolic/potassium carbonate solution. After acid hydrolysis, EC-AMT was obtained in 80-90% yield. 99mTc labeled EC-AMT was obtained in the presence of tin (II) chloride. In vitro cellular uptake of 99mTc-N4-AMT and 99mTc- EC-AMT (0.1mg in 1 uCi/well) was conducted in H441-GL human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells (50,000 cells /well) at 0.5-4 hrs. Planar imaging was evaluated in both mammary tumor-bearing rats (0.3mCi/rat, iv) and H441-GL tumor-bearing athymic nude mice (0.2mCi, iv) at 30 and 90 minutes. Results: Structure of EC-AMT was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, HPLC and mass spectrometry. Radiochemical purity of 99mTc-EC-AMT was >96% by radioHPLC. In vitro cellular uptake of 99mTc -EC-AMT and 99mTc-N4-AMT in H441-GL cells was 0.8% and 1.2%, respectively. Planar scintigraphy at 30-90 min revealed that 99mTc-EC-AMT had similar tumor/muscle ratios compared to 99mTc-N4-AMT in tumor-bearing rats. (2.72-3.31 vs. 2.3-4.0). Conclusions: Efficient synthesis of EC-AMT was achieved. Rapid and high accumulation of 99mTc-EC-AMT in tumor and low normal tissue uptake were observed in animal models. In vitro cellular uptake and in vivo imaging findings suggest that 99mTc-EC-AMT is less lipophilic than 99mTc-N4-AMT. 99mTc-EC-AMT, a new amino acid transporter-based tracer, is a useful biomarker for tumor imaging. Citation Information: In: Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res; 2009 Apr 18-22; Denver, CO. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; 2009. Abstract nr 4466.
Surface reconstruction and lattice dynamics of hydrogenated Si(001):2×1 (1985)

We present a realistic calculation of the equilibrium surface structure and vibrational excitations of the hydrogenated Si(001):2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1 surface. We study a saturation monohydride coverage which is found to produce a (2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) surface of symmetric dimers. A variety of interesting surface vibrational modes is found and discussed for this surface including a band of high-frequency vibrations associated with fivefold rings formed by the surface reconstruction. The relation between surface structure and surface vibrational modes is further elucidated by comparison with similar vibrational modes found on clean reconstructed Si(001):2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1. The results for Si-H bond bending and stretching frequencies agree with experimentally measured values for this surface.
Functional vector generation for HDL models using linear programming and Boolean satisfiability (2001)

Our strategy for automatic generation of functional vectors is based on exercising selected paths in the given hardware description language (HDL) model. The HDL model describes interconnections of arithmetic, logic, and memory modules. Given a path in the HDL model, the search for input stimuli that exercise the path can be converted into a standard satisfiability (SAT) checking problem by expanding the arithmetic modules into logic gates. However, this approach is not very efficient. We present a new HDL-SAT checking algorithm that works directly on the HDL model. The primary feature of our algorithm is a seamless integration of linear-programming techniques for feasibility checking of arithmetic equations that govern the behavior of data-path modules and SAT checking for logic equations that govern the behavior of control modules. This feature is critically important to efficiency, since it avoids module expansion and allows us to work with logic and arithmetic equations whose cardinality tracks the size of the HDL model. We describe the details of the HDL-SAT checking algorithm in this paper. Experimental results that show significant speedups over state-of-the-art gate-level SAT checking methods are included.
Load levelling control for an hydro-pneumatic suspension of a tractor cabin: Modelling, identification and control (2017)

This paper deals with the load levelling control of a tractor cabin equipped with an hydro-pneumatic suspension, controlled with on-off actuators. A model-based approach for the controller design is proposed. A dynamic physical model of the hydro-pneumatic suspension is developed and identified through a grey-box approach and a linear continuous controller is then designed, where actuation delays and model uncertainties are considered. The continuous-time controller requests are then converted into actual on-off switching valves commands through a duty-cycle modulation. Experimental results validate the overall approach showing effective closed-loop performances.
Liquid Biopsy of Non-Plasma Body Fluids in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Look Closer to the Tumor! (2020)

Liquid biopsy is a rapidly emerging field due to an increasing number of oncogenic drivers and a better understanding of resistance mechanisms to targeted therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The sensitivity of the most widely used blood-based assays is, however, limited in particular in cases of low tumor volume where shed of tumor-derived material can be limited. A negative result thus requires biopsy confirmation using minimally invasive sampling procedures that can result in small specimens, which are often not suitable for genotyping. Liquid biopsy is not limited to plasma, and tumor DNA circulating in other body fluids such as urine, pleural fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, or cytology specimen-derived supernatant can be exploited. In comparison to cell blocks, these fluids in close contact to the tumor may contain a more abundant and less analytically demanding tumor DNA. In this review, we discuss the potential applications of circulating tumor DNA derived from cytology samples in NSCLC, from early stage (screening, nodule characterization) to metastatic disease.
Sweep and compressibility effects on active separation control at high Reynolds numbers (2000)

This paper explores the effects of compressibility, sweep and excitation location on active separation control at high Reynolds numbers. The model, which was tested in a cryogenic pressurized wind tunnel, simulates the upper surface of a 20% thick Glauert Goldschmied type airfoil at zero angle of attack. The flow is fully turbulent since the tunnel sidewall boundary layer flows over the model. Without control, the flow separates at the highly convex area and a large turbulent separation bubble is formed. Periodic excitation is applied to gradually eliminate the separation bubble. Two alternative blowing slot locations as well as the effect of compressibility, sweep and steady suction or blowing were studied. During the test the Reynolds numbers ranged from 2 to 40 million and Mach numbers ranged from 0.2 to 0.7. Sweep angles were 0 and 30 deg. It was found that excitation must be introduced slightly upstream of the separation region regardless of the sweep angle at low Mach number. Introduction of excitation upstream of the shock wave is more effective than at its foot. Compressibility reduces the ability of steady mass transfer and periodic excitation to control the separation bubble but excitation has an effect on the integral parameters, which is similar to that observed in low Mach numbers. The conventional swept flow scaling is valid for fully and even partially attached flow, but different scaling is required for the separated 3D flow. The effectiveness of the active control is not reduced by sweep. Detailed flow field dynamics are described in the accompanying paper.
Sub analysis of Japanese patients with hemophilia B in rIX-FP clinical trial (2017)

要約：遺伝子組換え血液凝固第IX 因子アルブミン融合タンパク製剤（rIX-FP）は血友病B における定期補充療法の投与間隔を延ばす目的で開発された製剤である．12～65 歳のインヒビターを認めない，治療歴のある男性血友病B 患者を対象とした国際多施設共同第III 相試験に日本からも参加した．合計63 名が参加し，そのうち日本人は10 名であった．rIX-FP の平均半減期は，日本人と全対象はそれぞれ95 時間と102 時間であった．出血時投与の時の年間自然出血率の平均値は，日本人と全対象はそれぞれ12.8 回と14.6 回，7 日毎投与の定期補充療法では，それぞれ1.8 回と0.6回，14 日毎投与では，それぞれ0.4 回と1.1 回であった．インヒビターが出現した患者はなく，安全性の問題は認められなかった．以上の結果から，rIX-FP の7 日毎および14 日毎の定期補充療法は，日本人においても安全かつ有効であることが示された．
Fragment-based Scaffold Hopping: Identification of Potent, Selective, and Highly Soluble Bromo and Extra Terminal Domain (BET) Second Bromodomain (BD2) Inhibitors (2021)

The profound efficacy of pan-BET inhibitors is well documented, but these epigenetic agents have shown pharmacology-driven toxicity in oncology clinical trials. The opportunity to identify inhibitors with an improved safety profile by selective targeting of a subset of the eight bromodomains of the BET family has triggered extensive medicinal chemistry efforts. In this article, we disclose the identification of potent and selective drug-like pan-BD2 inhibitors such as pyrazole <b>23</b> (GSK809) and furan <b>24</b> (GSK743) that were derived from the pyrrole fragment <b>6</b>. We transpose the key learnings from a previous pyridone series (GSK620 <b>2</b> as a representative example) to this novel class of inhibitors, which are characterized by significantly improved solubility relative to our previous research.
Progress in Interferometer and Resonator Fiber Optic Gyros (2005)

Fiber-optic gyroscopes (FOGs) have been under investigation worldwide for over fifteen years. The interferometer fiber-optic gyro (IFOG) which has received the most attention among the two most basic FOGs, has recently moved out of the purely research and development environment. Efforts now concentrate on productization of early products, environmental ruggedization, size and cost reductions, as well as further performance improvements. The resonator fiber-optic gyro (RFOG), on the other hand, is still in a purely research and development phase. RFOG development efforts, motivated by the potential for using nominally 30X less fiber to achieve comparable performance to the IFOG, are aimed at demonstrating its performance potential. Solutions to key error mechanisms such as polarization-related error mechanisms are now being demonstrated.
[Interleukin-3: a preclinical study]. (1989)

Recombinant hemopoietic cytokines play an increasing role in clinical hematology. The present preclinical study describes the biologic spectrum of a novel recombinant human cytokine, interleukin-3 (rhIL-3). In appropriate culture systems it could be demonstrated that interleukin-3 is a potent growth factor for hemopoietic stem cells. RhIL-3 induced, in addition, terminal differentiation of basophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes. Moreover, rhIL-3 was found to be an activation factor for mature blood basophils. Binding studies using radiolabelled rhIL-3 showed that the effects of interleukin-3 are mediated via specific cell surface membrane receptors. The in vivo effects of recombinant interleukin-3 were studied in a primate model (rhesus monkeys). In agreement with in vitro results interleukin-3 caused significant expansion of the functional stem cell pool. Moreover, interleukin-3 induced a marked increase in basophils and eosinophils. As side effects of recombinant interleukin-3 a slight to moderate elevation of plasma histamine levels was observed as well as the appearance of an erythematous exanthem. In summary, our studies provide evidence that IL-3 induces self renewal, growth and differentiation of human hemopoietic stem cells. Clinical indication areas for interleukin-3 obviously represent stem cell transplantation and the treatment of cytopenic disorders. Adverse side effects of this novel cytokine might arise from stimulation of growth and function of "allergic effector cells".
Oxidation and Reduction (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Oxidation by Metal Ions and Related Species Oxidation by Compounds of Nonmetallic Elements Miscellaneous Oxidations Ozonolysis and Ozonation Peracids and Peroxides Photo-oxygenation, Singlet Oxygen, and Superoxide Atomic Oxygen, Autoxidation, and Other Reactions of Oxygen Reduction by Complex Metal Hydrides Reduction by Metals, Metal Ions, and Metal Complexes Miscellaneous Reductions Hydrogenation Reductions and Oxidations of Biological Interest References
The Use of Optical Clearing and Multiphoton Microscopy for Investigation of Three-Dimensional Tissue-Engineered Constructs (2013)

Recent advances in three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering have concomitantly generated a need for new methods to visualize and assess the tissue. In particular, methods for imaging intact volumes of whole tissue, rather than a single plane, are required. Herein, we describe the use of multiphoton microscopy, combined with optical clearing, to noninvasively probe decellularized lung extracellular matrix scaffolds and decellularized, tissue-engineered blood vessels. We also evaluate recellularized lung tissue scaffolds. In addition to nondestructive imaging of tissue volumes greater than 4 mm(3), the lung tissue can be visualized using three distinct signals, combined or singly, that allow for simple separation of cells and different components of the extracellular matrix. Because the 3D volumes are not reconstructions, they do not require registration algorithms to generate digital volumes, and maintenance of isotropic resolution is not required when acquiring stacks of images. Once a virtual volume of tissue is generated, structures that have innate 3D features, such as the lumens of vessels and airways, are easily animated and explored in all dimensions. In blood vessels, individual collagen fibers can be visualized at the micron scale and their alignment assessed at various depths through the tissue, potentially providing some nondestructive measure of vessel integrity and mechanics. Finally, both the lungs and vessels assayed here were optically cleared, imaged, and visualized in a matter of hours, such that the added benefits of these techniques can be achieved with little more hassle or processing time than that associated with traditional histological methods.