gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
(Invited) Transient Absorption and Compressive Sensing for Understanding Dynamics in Photocatalytic Nanoparticles and Energy Conversion Materials (2022)

Transient absorption (TA) is a well-known tool for understanding the dynamical response of materials following the absorption of a photon. TA allows the dynamics of photoinduced energy flow and energy conversion to be monitored, along with other competing dissipative processes. With current technologies, TA can provide dynamical information over the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, mid-infrared, and terahertz spectral ranges, which allows the study of a concomitant range of photoinduced processes of relevance to photocatalysis. However, since TA usually involves very small changes in absorption, the approach can be quite time consuming and, as a result, signal averaging for hours is not uncommon. In addition to time limitations, long signal averages are challenging for many materials, including photocatalytic systems, because many materials degrade under long periods of laser illumination. Longer experiments also place greater demands on the stability of lasers, usually leading to the need for environmental controls, which adds cost and complexity to TA spectroscopies. Thus, there are several important reasons to increase the speed of TA as long as accuracy and sensitivity can be maintained. In this talk, I present recent efforts to dramatically decrease the time needed to perform TA through compressive sensing, whereby a smaller number of data points are randomly collected over the chosed dynamical range of the TA experiment.[1] The general principle works well when the transformation of the optical signal to another domain has a low density of TA features. Studies and applications to colloidal plasmonic nanoparticles, such as nanostructures made of refractory materials, and energy conversion materials are shown. I also present imaging efforts using femtosecond optical pulses in scattering environments where conventional imaging is difficult.[2] By utilizing enhanced second harmonic generation from high peak-power ultrashort pulses, combined with compressive sensing approaches, successful reconstruction of optical images can be undertaken. Work performed at the Center for Nanoscale Materials, a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility, was supported by the U.S. DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 . This material is based on work supported by Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) funding from Argonne National Laboratory, provided by the Director, Office of Science, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357. References Adhikari, S., Cortes, C. L., Wen X., Panuganti, S., Gosztola, D. J., Schaller, R. D., Wiederrecht, G. P., Gray, S. K., “Accelerating ultrafast spectroscopy with compressive sensing,” Phys. Rev. Appl., Vol. 15, 024032, 2021. Wen, X., Adhikari, S., Cortes, C. L., Gosztola, D. J., Gray, S. K., Wiederrecht, G. P., “Ghost imaging second harmonic generation microscopy,” Appl. Phys. Lett. , Vol. 116, 191101, 2020.
Search for high-mass $W\gamma$ and $Z\gamma$ resonances using hadronic W/Z boson decays from 139 fb$^{-1}$ of $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector (2023)

A search for high-mass charged and neutral bosons decaying to $W\gamma$ and $Z\gamma$ final states is presented in this paper. The analysis uses a data sample of $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV proton-proton collisions with an integrated luminosity of 139 fb$^{-1}$ collected by the ATLAS detector during LHC Run 2 operation. The sensitivity of the search is determined using models of the production and decay of spin-1 charged bosons and spin-0/2 neutral bosons. The range of resonance masses explored extends from 1.0 TeV to 6.8 TeV. At these high resonance masses, it is beneficial to target the hadronic decays of the $W$ and $Z$ bosons because of their large branching fractions. The decay products of the high-momentum $W/Z$ bosons are strongly collimated and boosted-boson tagging techniques are employed to improve the sensitivity. No evidence of a signal above the Standard Model backgrounds is observed, and upper limits on the production cross-sections of these bosons times their branching fractions to $W\gamma$ and $Z\gamma$ are derived for various boson production models.
Techniques to Ensure High-Quality Fiber Optic Gyro Coil Production (2019)

A fiber coil is the most critical, yet least perfected component affecting the performance of a FOG. Coil winding is often considered an art, not a science, requiring technicians with magic skills to produce high-performance coils, mainly due to the lack of testing methods and capabilities. Numerous factors affect fiber-coil quality and performance, including the polarization crosstalk, coil asymmetry, fiber-winding tension, and properties of potting adhesives. This chapter will first discuss all winding-induced imperfections and their relationship to FOG performance. Novel testing methods and equipment for characterizing the static performances of both PM fiber coils and singlemode fiber coils are then introduced. Techniques are presented for measuring the transient properties of coils, such as coil asymmetry, and the Shupe effect. Finally, 3D coil inspection is demonstrated by using optical coherence tomography (OCT). With the aid of these test capabilities and associated manufacturing procedures, high-quality coils can be consistently produced for high-precision FOGs. It is now possible to claim that FOG coil winding is no longer an art but a science and can meet the demanding requirements for mass production and deployment of high-precision FOGs for various applications.
Impact of Controlled Hydrophobicity of the Organically Modified Silicates on the Properties of Biomedical Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) Nanocomposites (2013)

The impact of nanofiller surface modifications and hydrophobicity on the morphology and mechanical properties of the biomedical TPU nanocomposites was studied. We show that incorporating nanofillers with higher hydrophobicity promotes better dispersion of nanofiller in TPU matrix due to greater interaction between the nanofiller and the hydrophobic PDMS soft segment in this ElastEon TPU system. The nanocomposite with the most hydrophobic surface modification demonstrates the best nanofiller dispersion and intercalation and hence resulted in an overall best mechanical and thermomechanical properties when incorporated in 2 wt%. These findings show that the polarity matching between the TPU and the nanofiller determines the nanofiller-TPU interactions and thus the mechanical properties of the produced nanocomposites.
Conformational studies on the hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing factor and related compounds by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1974)

Abstract Proton magnetic resonance studies at 220 MHz were carried out on the hypothalamic thyrotropin releasing factor (TRF) and a variety of synthetic analogs designed to yield specific information about side chain–side chain and side chain–backbone interactions. The results show that the very low field resonance position of one of the carboxamide protons observed for TRF dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide is neither caused by a seven‐membered nor by a ten‐membered hydrogen bonded ring, but rather is due to a short range interaction between the unprotonated histidyl side chain and the carboxamide residue. A systematic study of the preferred histidyl side chain conformation in various TRF analogs is in good agreement with this interpretation. It was demonstrated that this interaction is not strong enough to cause significant changes in the preferred back bone conformation of the hormone. The possibilities for typical dipole–dipole interaction are discussed. No such interaction has been detected in TRF dissolved in water. We conclude that the tertiary structure of TRF in polar solvents is determined primarily by the steric characteristics of the bulky side chains which maintain the molecule preferentially in an extended conformation.
Development of a 3D Microfluidic Culture Model to Study the Effect of Shear Stress on Tumor Angiogenesis (2011)

Current in vitro studies of tumor angiogenesis and metastasis are limited by the use of static 2D culture systems or 3D models that poorly reflect the pathological tumor microenvironment. While these systems have provided insight into tumor-inherent mechanisms of neovascularization, they are unable to couple local cellular response with specific biochemical and mechanical cues [1]. Interstitial flow plays an important role in regulating tumor growth; however, there are currently no in vitro cell culture models specifically designed to investigate the effect of fluid shear on tumorigenesis. By integrating tissue-engineering strategies with microfluidics and particle image velocimetry, we have developed a 3D in vitro cell culture model that allows the relationship between shear stress and tumor-endothelial cell cross-talk to be monitored. This research strategy will greatly improve our understanding of shear-stress mediated angiogenesis.
Evaluating the Impact of Market Variability on Reservoir Behavior and Economics (2019)

Abstract Market behavior is not always predictable: commodity prices can rapidly change; political and corporate strategies are dynamic. This variability in market forces may drive immediate and significant changes to the production plan. Unfortunately, large changes to production rates (up and down) can cause formation damage, permanently affecting reservoir productivity and reserves. Consequently, responding to market variability requires informed decision making and an effective communication process. Each reservoir has unique characteristics. Learning from the effects of operational changes improves the understanding of the reservoir and can substantially improve the decision-making process. Reservoir surveillance and simulation provide the ability to analyze, model, and forecast reservoir behavior throughout its productive life. This data acquisition and analysis provides insight necessary to determine mitigation and repair strategies as issues arise. This paper reviews market drivers for different types of operating companies and associated operational responses. Reservoir impacts of various operational changes (production rates, methods and treatments) are described. Information sharing and effective communication across the organization are necessary for the effective development of a petroleum resource. To address this, common issues and a recommended decision making process are provided.
ICONE19-43590 Evaluation of supercritical CO_2 centrifugal compressor experimental data by CFD analysis (2011)

A supercritical CO2 gas turbine of 20MPa is suitable to couple with the Na-cooled fast reactor since Na - CO2 reaction is mild at the outlet temperature of 800K, the cycle thermal efficiency is relatively high and the size of CO2 gas turbine is very compact. In this gas turbine cycle, a compressor operates near the critical point. The property of CO2 and then the behavior of compressible flow near the critical point changes very sharply. So far, such a behavior is not examined sufficiently. Then, it is important to clarify compressible flow near the critical point. In this paper, the experimental data of the centrifugal supercritical CO2 compressor have been evaluated by CFD analyses using a computer code "CFX". In the analyses, real gas properties of CO2 were achieved by simulating density. The test compressor consists of three kinds of impeller. First, impeller A has 16 blades and the overall diameter is 110mm. Second, impeller B has 16 blades and the overall diameter is 76mm. Third, impeller C has 12 blades and the overall diameter is 56mm. Each impeller has each diffuser. So, CFD analysis was conducted for each impeller and each diffuser. The results were compared and evaluated for the three different impeller and diffuser sets. Main output of calculation is a value of the total pressure at diffuser outlet, which agreed very well with that of the experiment. Total and static pressure distributions, relative velocity distributions and temperature distributions surrounding impeller and diffuser were obtained. Adiabatic efficiency was also evaluated.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer Cell–Associated MT1-MMP Promotes Blood Vessel Invasion and Distant Metastasis in Triple-Negative Mammary Tumors (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Cancer Cell–Associated MT1-MMP Promotes Blood Vessel Invasion and Distant Metastasis in Triple-Negative Mammary Tumors
Comparison of ring resonator and Mach-Zehnder photonic switches integrated with digital CMOS drivers (2010)

We report a low-power silicon photonic ring-resonator switch integrated with a CMOS driver that achieves sub 3.5-ns transition times, below -20-dB crosstalk, and ~1-mW combined switch and driver power consumption. Results are compared to non-resonant Mach-Zehnder based switches.
Mapping transition metal-MN4 macrocyclic complex catalysts performance for the critical reactivity descriptors (2021)

There has been a significant progress toward the development of highly active and stable platinum group metal-free (PGM-free) electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in polymer electrolyte fuel cells, promising a low-cost replacement for Pt group electrocatalysts. However, the success of such developments depends on the implementation of PGM-free electrocatalysts that are not only highly active but importantly, they also exhibit long-term durability under polymer electrolyte fuel cell operating conditions. This manuscript is an overview of the current status of a specific, most advanced class of PGM-free electrocatalysts: transition metal–nitrogen–carbon ORR catalysts. We present an overview for the understanding of catalysts’ performance descriptors for metal–nitrogen–carbon materials.
INTRODUCTION (2003)

The demand for capacity in cellular and wireless local area networks has grown in a literally explosive manner during the last decade. In particular, the need for wireless Internet access and multimedia applications require an increase in information throughput with orders of magnitude compared to the data rates made available by today's technology. One major technological breakthrough that will make this increase in data rate possible is the use of multiple antennas at the transmitters and receivers in the system. A system with multiple transmit and receive antennas is often called a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system. The feasibility of implementing MIMO systems and the associated signal processing algorithms is enabled by the corresponding increase of computational power of integrated circuits, which is generally believed to grow with time in an exponential fashion.
Ultra-Wide-Bandgap Semiconductors: Challenges and Opportunities (invited). (2022)

Abstract not provided.
The Twin-in-the-Loop Approach for Vehicle Dynamics Control (2023)

In vehicle dynamics control, engineering a suitable regulator is a long and costly process. The starting point is usually the design of a nominal controller based on a simple control-oriented model and its testing on a full-fledged simulator. Then, many driving hours are required during the End-of-Line (EoL) tuning phase to calibrate the controller for the physical vehicle. Given the recent technological advances, we consider in this article the pioneering perspective where the simulator can be run <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">onboard</i> in the electronic control unit, to calculate the nominal control action in real-time. In this way, it can be shown that, in the EoL phase, we only need to tune a simple compensator of the mismatch between the expected and the measured outputs. The resulting approach not only exploits the already available simulator and nominal controller and significantly simplifies the design process but also outperforms the state of the art in terms of tracking accuracy and robustness within a challenging active braking control case study.
Detection of percolating paths in polyhedral segregated network composites using electrostatic force microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy (2009)

Composite specimens possessing polyhedral segregated network microstructures require a very small amount of nanosize filler, &amp;lt;1 vol %, to reach percolation because percolation occurs by accumulation of the fillers along the edges of the deformed polymer matrix particles. In this paper, electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) and conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) were used to confirm the location of the nanosize fillers and the corresponding percolating paths in polymethyl methacrylate/carbon black composites. The EFM and C-AFM images revealed that the polyhedral polymer particles were coated with filler, primarily on the edges as predicted by the geometric models provided.
Abstract 3833: Antitumor activity of novel reversible LSD1 inhibitor in preclinical models of AML and SCLC (2019)

Introduction: Global changes in the epigenetic landscape are known as the hallmark in cancer and the histone demethylase Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is one of the novel targets for the therapy of various malignant diseases. Also LSD1 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. LSD1-mediated epigenetic modification is known to play a key role in the regulation of gene expression by removing the methyl groups from methylated lysine 4 and lysine 9 of histone H3. Alterations in histone methylation lead to aberrant silencing of expression of multiple genes involved in tumor survival and in cell cycle. Moreover, epigenetic dysregulation plays a critical role in pathogenesis of various types of cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or small cell lung cancer (SCLC). In this study, we have characterized a novel LSD1 inhibitor and assessed its potential as a novel therapy for AML and SCLC patients.Materials and Methods: Novel LSD1 inhibitor, HM97211 and its derivatives were designed and synthesized as the active biologic inhibitory compound against the AML and SCLC cells. Biochemical enzyme assay was performed to identify enzyme selectivity of HM97211 derivatives. Standard proliferation assay, immunoblotting, and apoptosis analysis were carried out to validate the potency of HM97211 derivatives in AML and SCLC cell lines. In vivo anti-tumor activity was evaluated in AML and SCLC cell xenograft mice models. Tumor sizes were measured and tumor samples were analyzed to define the mechanisms of action.Results: HM97211 derivatives showed higher selectivity toward LSD1 compared to other FAD-utilizing enzyme as well as other epigenetic enzymes. HM97211 derivatives alter expression of various genes and induce differentiation and apoptosis, resulting in growth suppression in a panel of AML and SCLC cells. Moreover, HM97211 derivatives significantly induced programmed cell death in AML and SCLC cells. Oral administration of HM97211 derivatives inhibited tumor growth of human AML and SCLC xenograft models as a single agent at doses exhibiting significant. Efficacy of HM97211 derivatives was further evaluated in combination treatment with standard chemotherapies in human AML and SCLC xenograft model.Conclusion: Collectively, results of this study suggested that novel reversible LSD1 inhibitor, HM97211 derivatives, can be a strong therapeutic agent for AML and SCLC patients. Hanmi presents a new insight to epigenetics application in anticancer therapy.Citation Format: InHwan Bae, WonJeoun Kim, JiSook Kim, JiYoung Song, JungSoo Nam, Moonsub Lee, Jooyun Byun, Hyeongki Kim, TaeHun Song, Seokhyun Hong, KyuHang Lee, YoungGil Ahn, YoungHoon Kim, Kwee Hyun Suh. Antitumor activity of novel reversible LSD1 inhibitor in preclinical models of AML and SCLC [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3833.
Stretchable, Transparent Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistors (2010)

Abstract Stretchable and transparent thin film transistors (TFTs) with intrisically brittle oxide semiconductors are built using a wavy structural configuration that can provide high flexibility and stretchability. After device fabrication procedures including high temperature annealing, the oxide semiconductor‐based TFT arrays can be transferred directly to plastic or rubber substrates, without an additional device process, using transfer printing methods. This procedure can avoid some of the thermal degradation problems associated with plastic or rubber substrates by separating them from the annealing procedure needed to improve the device performance. These design and fabrication methods offer the possibility of developing a new format of stretchable electronics.
Actively transporting virus like analytes with optofluidics for rapid and ultrasensitive biodetection (2013)

Effective analyte delivery is essential to achieve rapid and sensitive biodetection systems. In this article, we present an actively controlled fluidic system integrated with a suspended plasmonic nanohole sensor to achieve superior analyte delivery efficiency and ultrafast sensor response, as compared to conventional fluidic systems. 70 nm sized virus like analyte solution is used to experimentally demonstrate the system performance improvements. Sensor response time is reduced by one order of magnitude as compared to the conventional methods. A seven orders of magnitude dynamic concentration range from 10(3) to 10(9) particles mL(-1) is quantified, corresponding to a concentration window relevant to clinical diagnosis and drug screening. Our non-destructive detection system, by enabling efficient analyte delivery, fast sensing response and minimal sample volume, opens up opportunities for sensitive, rapid and real-time virus detection in infectious disease control and point-of-care applications.
Fully automated expansion and activation of clinical-grade natural killer cells for adoptive immunotherapy (2015)

We established an automated method to expand high numbers of clinical-grade NK cells with properties similar to their manually produced counterparts. This automated process represents a highly efficient tool to standardize NK cell processing for therapeutic applications.
Unrealistic Nonphysiological Amounts of Reagents and a Disregard for Published Literature (2015)

Here are some comments and useful suggestions after reading an article in mBio by Brown et al. entitled “Mechanisms underlying the exquisite sensitivity of Candida albicans to combinatorial cationic and oxidative stress that enhances the potent fungicidal activity of phagocytes” (1).

In this paper, we are informed that a simultaneous exposure to 5 mM H2O2 and to cationic NaCl at 1 M is much more potent than the individual stresses themselves and that this combinatorial stress kills C. albicans synergistically in vitro . Such combinations are obviously absolutely unrealistic and not physiological. …
Aircraft cabin noise minimization via neural network inverse model (2006)

This paper describes research to investigate an artificial neural network (ANN) approach to minimize aircraft cabin noise in flight. The ANN approach is shown to be able to accurately model the non-linear relationships between engine unbalance, airframe vibration, and cabin noise to overcome limitations associated with traditional linear influence coefficient methods. ANN system inverse models are developed using engine test-stand vibration data and on-airplane vibration and noise data supplemented with influence coefficient empirical data. The inverse models are able to determine balance solutions that satisfy cabin noise specifications. The accuracy of the ANN model with respect to the real system is determined by the quantity and quality of test stand and operational aircraft data. This data-driven approach is particularly appealing for implementation on future systems that include continuous monitoring processes able to capture data while in operation.