gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elastic and plastic behavior of a fluxoid lattice in the saturation region of the global pinning force in superconducting Nb-Ta (1986)

We investigate the elastic and plastic behavior of the fluxoid lattice in the saturation region of the global pinning-force density using the ac technique. The specimens were Nb-50-at. % Ta deformed by various amounts. The elastic modulus \ensuremath{\alpha} obtained from the force-distance profile increased with the pinning strength and decreased gradually with increasing magnetic field. No remarkable change in \ensuremath{\alpha} was observed between the saturation region near the upper critical field and the nonsaturation one at lower fields. This reveals that fluxoids were prevented from flowing by the pinning forces but not by the shear force of the fluxoid lattice even in the saturation region as assumed in Kramer's model. On the other hand, the interaction distance ${d}_{i}$, the displacement necessary for fluxoids to be depinned, changed drastically between the two regions: It decreased abruptly with the magnetic field in the saturation region. Values of ${d}_{i}$ in this region decreased with the pinning strength. The abrupt decrease of ${d}_{i}$ indicates that the fluxoid lattice becomes more fragile with increasing magnetic field and that a transition to the resistive state is initiated by a catastrophic flow of the whole fluxoid lattice. In this paper the authors propose that the catastrophic global flux flow in the saturation region is caused by the occurrence of a local plastic deformation of the fluxoid lattice. Local plastic deformations are expected to be induced around defects of the fluxoid lattice which already exist before an application of the driving force. In this model, the probability of occurrence of a plastic deformation is assumed to be proportional to the concentration of fluxoid-lattice defects. This model explains qualitatively the present experimental results as well as the magnetic field dependence of the global pinning-force density known as Kramer's formula.
A Nonlinear Harvester to Scavenge Energy from Rotational Motion (2019)

In this paper the results of the experimental characterization of a low threshold nonlinear bistable device in case of a low frequency input rotational motion are presented. The device has been investigated in case of a bi-directional uniform circular motion in the range of angular positions (45°135°). The experimental results demonstrate the capability of the investigated device to generate powers up to 38 μW with the optimal resistive load of 750 Ω in case of an input root mean square acceleration of 4.95 m/s <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a power conversion efficiency of about 4.3 %.
17α-Estradiol Attenuates Neuron Loss in Ovariectomized Dtg AβPP/PS1 Mice (2011)

Quantitative microanalysis of brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) find neuronal loss and neuroinflammation in structures that control cognitive function. Though historically difficult to recapitulate in experimental models, several groups have recently reported that by middle-age, transgenic mice that co-express high levels of two AD-associated mutations, amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP(swe)) and presenilin 1 (PS1(ΔE9)), undergo significant AD-type neuron loss in sub-cortical nuclei with heavy catecholaminergic projections to the hippocampal formation. Here we report that by 13 months of age these dtg AβPP(swe)/PS1(ΔE9) mice also show significant loss of pyramidal neuron in a critical region for learning and memory, the CA1 subregion of hippocampus, as a direct function of amyloid-β (Aβ) aggregation. We used these mice to test whether 17α-estradiol (17αE2), a less feminizing and non-carcinogenic enantiomer of 17β-estradiol, protects against this CA1 neuron loss. Female dtg AβPP(swe)/PS1(ΔE9) mice were ovariectomized at 8-9 months of age and treated for 60 days with either 17αE2 or placebo via subcutaneous pellets. Computerized stereology revealed that 17αE2 ameliorated the loss of neurons in CA1 and reduced microglial activation in the hippocampus. These findings support the view that 17αE2, which may act through non-genomic mechanisms independent of traditional estrogen receptors, could prevent or delay the progression of AD in older men and women.
Design and Tele-Operation of a Lunar Excavator for the NASA Centennial Challenge (2010)

The desire to colonize the moon has prompted an examination of ways to mine lunar regolith to create a solid foundation for NASA's 2020 Lunar Base and/or recover O2, water, or He-3. Accordingly, NASA created a Centennial Challenge directed at various North American groups to design excavators to mine regolith. Several mechanical and operational challenges exist because of the unique physical properties of regolith — high internal friction angle, high compressibility, and a very-fine particle size distribution leading to dust entrainment in excavator components. UBC-Thunderbird Robotics Team TREAD — a University of British Columbia student club — has been working for two years on a viable approach to this problem. This paper presents an effective design based on a scraper excavator from Miskin Scraper Works. Details about the NASA Centennial Challenge will also be given.
Identification of Genetic Modifiers of TDP-43: Inflammatory Activation of Astrocytes for Neuroinflammation (2021)

Transactive response DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) is a ubiquitously expressed DNA/RNA-binding protein linked to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). TDP-43 has been implicated in numerous aspects of the mRNA life cycle, as well as in cell toxicity and neuroinflammation. In this study, we used the toxicity of the TDP-43 expression in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> as an assay to identify <i>TDP-43</i> genetic interactions. Specifically, we transformed human <i>TDP-43</i> cDNAs of wild-type or disease-associated mutants (<i>M337V</i> and <i>Q331K</i>) en masse into 4653 homozygous diploid yeast deletion mutants and then used next-generation sequencing readouts of growth to identify yeast toxicity modifiers. Genetic interaction analysis provided a global view of TDP-43 pathways, some of which are known to be involved in cellular metabolic processes. Selected putative loci with the potential of genetic interactions with <i>TDP-43</i> were assessed for associations with neurotoxicity and inflammatory activation of astrocytes. The pharmacological inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit A (SDHA) and voltage-dependent anion-selective channel 3 (VDAC3) suppressed TDP-43-induced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in astrocytes, indicating the critical roles played by SDHA and VDAC3 in TDP-43 pathways during inflammatory activation of astrocytes and neuroinflammation. Thus, the findings of our <i>TDP-43</i> genetic interaction screen provide a global landscape of TDP-43 pathways and may help improve our understanding of the roles of glia and neuroinflammation in ALS and FTD pathogenesis.
A New Cytotoxic 2H-Pyran Compound Produced by Acid Treatment of the Fermentation Broth of Streptomyces Sp. (1999)

A new cytotoxic substance was isolated following acid treatment of fermented broth of a Streptomyces strain numbered MJ915-WF12. The structure was elucidated by spectroscopic analyses to be 5-dihydro-4-formyl-6-hydroxy-2-hydroxymethyl-6-methyl-2H-pyran. It was thought to be generated by dehydration and ring reformation of the precursor material in cultured broth by acid.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Chiral Templates for 1,3‐Oxazolium‐4‐olate (Isomuenchnone) Cycloadditions: (5R)‐ and (5S)‐Phenyloxazin‐2,3‐dione. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Staging System in Rapidly Destructive Coxarthrosis from Viewpoint of Synovial Osteoclast Activity (2007)

急速破壊型股関節症（以下RDC）の病因・病態は未だ明らかでなく，我々はこれまでRDCの画像及び摘出骨頭所見にて病型・病期分類や，関節滑膜内破骨細胞の存在について報告してきた．そこで，今回は骨頭圧潰型に分類したRDCの病期とその関節滑膜内破骨細胞数との関係について検討した．対象は骨頭圧潰型RDC 13例14股及び，経過の長い変形性股関節症33例33股とした．StageI・IVでは，滑膜そのものの採取が困難であり，stageII・IIIで滑膜内破骨細胞を多数認めた．RDCの原因として，構築・力学的要因と免疫・生化学的要因の関与が示唆されているが，病期による変化をみた報告は数少ない．今回の検討にて，RDCの進行には破骨細胞の活動性が関与している事が示唆された．その病因・病態を検討する際には病型ばかりでなく，病期も考慮する必要性があると思われた．
UCP2 Knockout Suppresses Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis (2015)

Mitochondrial uncoupling (uncouples electron transport from ATP production) has recently been proposed as a novel survival mechanism for cancer cells, and reduction in free radical generation is the accepted mechanism of action. However, there is no direct evidence supporting that uncoupling proteins promote carcinogenesis. Herein, we examined whether mitochondrial uncoupling affects mouse skin carcinogenesis using uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) homozygous knockout and wild-type mice. The results indicate that knockout of Ucp2 significantly reduced the formation of both benign (papilloma) and malignant (squamous cell carcinoma) tumors. UCP2 knockout did not cause increases in apoptosis during skin carcinogenesis. The rates of oxygen consumption were decreased only in the carcinogen-treated UCP2 knockout mice, whereas glycolysis was increased only in the carcinogen-treated wild-type mice. Finally, the levels of metabolites pyruvate, malate, and succinate showed different trends after carcinogen treatments between the wild-type and UCP2 knockout mice. Our study is the first to demonstrate that Ucp2 knockout suppresses carcinogenesis in vivo. Together with early studies showing that UCP2 is overexpressed in a number of human cancers, UCP2 could be a potential target for cancer prevention and/or therapy. Cancer Prev Res; 8(6); 487-91. ©2015 AACR.
Improving scalability of task allocation and scheduling in large distributed real-time systems using shared buffers (2004)

Scheduling precedence-constrained tasks in a distributed real-time system is an NP-hard problem. As a result, the task allocation and scheduling algorithms that use these heuristics do not scale when applied to large distributed systems. In this paper we propose a novel approach that eliminates inter-task dependencies using shared buffers between dependent tasks. The system correctness, with respect to data-dependency, is ensured by having each dependent task poll the shared buffers at a fixed rate. Tasks can, therefore, be allocated and scheduled independently of their predecessors. To meet the timing constraints of the original dependent-task system, we have developed a method to iteratively derive the polling rates based on end-to-end deadline constraints. The overheads associated with the shared buffers and the polling mechanism are minimized by clustering tasks according to their communication and timing constraints. Our simulation results with the task allocation based on a simple first-fit bin packing algorithm showed that the proposed approach scales almost linearly with the system size, and clustering tasks greatly reduces the polling overhead.
Soluble Recombinant CMVpp65 Spanning Multiple HLA Alleles for Reconstitution of Antiviral CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cell Responses After Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation (2009)

The reactivation of the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) can be prevented or controlled by the adoptive transfer of ex vivo expanded donor-derived CMV-specific T lymphocytes. Several methods for expansion and adoptive transfer of CMV-specific T cells have been developed using either defined CMV peptides or peptide pools for antigen-specific T-cell stimulation. The majority of studies have focused on the lower matrix protein (pp65) and the immediate-early protein-1 (IE-1) of CMV as immunodominant targets. We investigated the behavior of secretory CMVpp65 (sCMVpp65) with respect to its capacity to stimulate pp65-specific T cells independently of human lymphocyte antigen (HLA) type and even in donors unresponsive to the immunodominant HLA-A*0201-restricted CMVpp65495-503 peptide. To facilitate the eukaryotic expression and isolation procedures, we constructed an HLA-A*0201/CMVpp65 fusion protein that is secreted into the supernatant of human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells. CMV-specific CD4 and CD8 T cells generated by culturing unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells in the presence of recombinant sCMVpp65 did not differ in function with regard to cytotoxicity and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) production compared with cytotoxic T cells induced using the well-studied HLA-A*0201-restricted CMVpp65495-503 peptide. We demonstrated that polyclonal CMV-specific T cells could be generated from CMV-seropositive individuals expressing HLA alleles for which no immunogenic epitopes have been identified so far. The production of recombinant sCMVpp65 can easily be adapted to good manufacturing practice conditions and can be used to generate large numbers of immunogenic pathogen-derived proteins for therapeutic applications.
Age thresholds for increased mortality of three predominant crash induced head injuries. (2008)

Trauma in the US's increasingly aged population will pose medical, engineering, and legislative challenges in the coming decade. This study sought to identify the age threshold of maximal risk for patients with the three most common isolated types of head injuries from motor vehicle crashes (MVCs). Receiver-operator characteristic analysis was used to identify the quantitative age threshold associated with increased mortality for the three most common MVC-induced types of head injuries. For each injury, an algorithm using multivariable logistic regression modeling was implemented to examine mortality as a function of age, adjusted for the GCS motor score and patient gender. The age threshold that maximized the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) was identified and the curve examined. The increased adjusted odds ratio (AOR) for death associated with each threshold was estimated along with 95% confidence intervals. Data used was from the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank (NTDB) version 7, Motor Vehicle Crash cases from Jan 1, 2001 to Dec 31, 2006. Three types of head injuries were of a sufficiently high incidence and severity level to be included in the study; the AIS 140684.3 (Cerebrum, Subarachnoid Hemorrhage, n=499), AIS 140650.4 (Cerebrum, Subdural Hematoma NFS, n=273), and AIS 140629.4 (Hematoma/Hemorrhage, Not Further Specified, n=123). The age thresholds are 58 (AOR=4.12, 95% CI 1.21-14.07, p=0.024), 54 (AOR=4.71, 95% CI 1.08-20.46, p=0.039) and 47 (AOR=15.44, 95% CI 2.94-81.2, p=0.001), respectively. Maximal AUROC values ranged from 0.89-0.93. This data along with data on injury mechanism has been used to provide information on the ideal 'threshold' beyond which age becomes an important factor for these three types of head injuries. This is the first study to quantitatively estimate the mortality threshold age for common isolated head injuries. This study has potential implications in the arena of safety design for the elderly, automated crash notification, and auto safety legislation.
Reaction Mechanism, Bonding, and Thermal Stability of 1-Alkanethiols Self-Assembled on Halogenated Ge Surfaces (2010)

We have employed synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy to study the reaction mechanism, surface bonding, and thermal stability of 1-octadecanethiolate (ODT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) at Cl- and Br-terminated Ge(100) surfaces. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were also carried out for the same reactions. From DFT calculations, we have found that adsorption of 1-octadecanethiol on the halide-terminated surface via hydrohalogenic acid elimination is kinetically favorable on both Cl- and Br-terminated Ge surfaces at room temperature, but the reactions are more thermodynamically favorable at Cl-terminated Ge surfaces. After ODT SAM formation at room temperature, photoemission spectroscopy experiments show that Ge(100) and (111) surfaces contain monothiolates and possibly dithiolates together with unbound thiol and atomic sulfur. Small coverages of residual halide are also observed, consistent with predictions by DFT. Annealing studies in ultrahigh vacuum show that the Ge thiolates are thermally stable up to 150 degrees C. The majority of the surface thiolates are converted to sulfide and carbide upon annealing to 350 degrees C. By 430 degrees C, no sulfur remains on the surface, whereas Ge carbide is stable to above 470 degrees C.
Titelbild: Orale, direkte Thrombin‐ und Faktor‐Xa‐Hemmer: Kommt die Ablösung für Warfarin, Blutegel und Schweinedärme? (Angew. Chem. 20/2011) (2011)

Die große Wasserkaskade (ital. cascare=fallen) im barocken Landschaftspark Wilhelmshöhe in Kassel erinnert an die Blutgerinnungskaskade, in der die verschiedenen Gerinnungsfaktoren über eine Verstärkerkaskade die Bildung von Fibrin-Thromben auslösen. Dieser Schutzmechanismus gegen Blutverlust ist aber auch Ursache thrombotischer Erkrankungen. Um ihn zu hemmen, fand in letzter Zeit eine umfangreiche Suche nach niedermolekularen Faktor-Xa- und Thrombin-Inhibitoren statt. Mehr darüber im Aufsatz von A. Straub et al. auf S. 4670 ff.
Composite Electrode Elaboration in Aqueous Media for LiFePO4: Feasibility and Processing (2008)

Abstract not Available.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective and Preparative Entry to 1,2‐Anhydrosugars Through Oxidation of Glycals with Perfluoro‐cis‐2,3‐dialkyloxaziridines. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Photoembossing of surface relief structures in polymer films for biomedical applications (2013)

Photoembossing is a technique used to create relief structures using a patterned contact photo-mask exposure and a thermal development step. Typically, the photopolymer consists of a polymer binder and a monomer in a 1/1 ratio together with a photo-initiator, which results in a solid and non-tacky material at room temperature. Here, new mixtures for photoembossing are presented which are potentially biocompatible. Poly(methyl methacrylate) is used as a polymer binder and two different acrylate monomers trimethylolpropane ethoxylate triacrylate (TPETA) and dipentaerythritol penta-/hexa-acrylate (DPPHA) are tested. PMMA-TPETA had a higher surface relief features. Biocompatibility is evaluated by culturing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) on films of these photopolymer blends. PMMA with TPETA and PMMA-DPPHA films showed enhanced cell adhesion compared to PMMA. The cells also showed alignment on surface textured films with the highest degree of alignment on films with 20 μm pitch and 2 μm height. This study shows that photoembossing is a feasible method to produce surface textures on films that can be adopted in the field of tissue engineering to promote cell adhesion and alignment.
Keynote Lecture: Leveraging Human Capabilities in Information Perceptualization. (2000)

The term “information visualization” was coined in 1989, inspired by the idea of applying scientific visualization techniques to abstract information spaces. The fundamental insight was that humans are very good at recognizing patterns, and this can help us make sense out of complex information. Much of the research in information visualization during the last ten years has leveraged human visual perception. But if we take a broader look at natural human capabilities, there are other cognitive and perceptual capabilities that we are not leveraging as well. For example, when we perceive patterns in the real world, we use our other senses, particularly hearing and haptics, in addition to vision. Perhaps we should rename this field “information perceptualization,” and focus on using multiple channels of human information processing to facilitate pattern recognition.
Inborn errors of the development of human natural killer cells (2013)

These studies have initiated a genetic dissection of the development of human NK cells. Further studies are warranted, including the search for genetic causes of NKD in particular. This research may lead to the discovery of molecules specifically controlling the development of NK cells and to improvements in our understanding of the hitherto elusive function of these cells in humans.
Radiomic and deep learning characterization of breast parenchyma on full field digital mammograms and specimen radiographs: a pilot study of a potential cancer field effect (2023)

Results support our hypothesis of a potential cancer field effect, accessible radiographically, across tumor and non-tumor regions, thus indicating the potential for computerized analysis of mammographic parenchymal patterns to predict breast cancer risk.
Required metrology and inspection for nanoimprint lithography (2017)

We summarize the metrology and inspection required for the development of nanoimprint lithography (NIL), which is recognized as a candidate for next-generation lithography. Template inspection and residual layer thickness (RLT) metrology are discussed. An optical-based inspection tool for replica template inspection showed sensitivity for defects below 10 nm with sufficient throughput. For the RLT control, in-die RLT metrology is needed. Because the metrology requires dense sampling, optical scatterometry is the best solution owing to its ability to measure profile features nondestructively with high throughput. For in-die metrology, we have developed a new hybrid metrology that can combine key information from these complex geometries with scatterometry measurements to reduce the impact on the RLT measurement due to the layers beneath the resist. The technologies discussed here will be important when NIL is applied for IC manufacturing, as well as in the development phases of those lithography technologies.
Small Animal Imaging in Drug Development (2005)

Better mechanistic understanding of disease through mapping of the human and mouse genomes enables rethinking of human infirmity. In the case of cancer, e.g., we may begin to associate disease states with their underlying genetic defects rather than with the organ system involved. That will enable more selective, nontoxic therapies in patients who are genetically predisposed to respond to them. Because one of the major goals of molecular imaging research is to interrogate gene expression noninvasively, it can impact greatly on that process. Most of molecular imaging research is undertaken in small animals, which provide a conduit between in vitro studies and human clinical imaging. We are fortunate to be able to manipulate small animals genetically, and to have increasingly better models of human disease. The ability to study those animals noninvasively and quantitatively with new, high-resolution imaging devices provides the most relevant milieu in which to find and examine new therapies.
Energy's creative destruction (2014)

Starting in 2007, Google committed significant resources to tackle the world's climate and energy problems. A few of these efforts proved very successful: Google deployed some of the most energy-efficient data centers in the world, purchased large amounts of renewable energy, and offset what remained of its carbon footprint.