gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanistic Investigations of Epoxide Aminolysis in Microreactors at High Temperatures and Pressures (2011)

A continuous-flow microreactor is applied for a kinetic study of a model β-amino alcohol&#13;\nformation by epoxide aminolysis. A large number of experiments are performed in a short time&#13;\nwith minimal reagent consumption. The kinetics of formation of secondary aminolysis between&#13;\nstarting epoxide and product are decoupled from the primary synthesis, constructing a complete&#13;\nmodel for desired product formation. The activation energy for the formation of desired product&#13;\nis observed to be higher than those for regioisomer formation and for secondary aminolysis,&#13;\nindicating that increasing temperature improves selectivity in addition to accelerating the&#13;\nreaction. A set of optimized conditions is then selected for best reaction performance, and a&#13;\nscaled-up process is performed, demonstrating improvement on a meso-scale.
All-optical control of opto-mechanical properties of photonic crystal nano-beam filter (2011)

We demonstrate independent control over the tuning of the fundamental optical and mechanical modes of coupled photonic crystal nanobeam cavities using optical gradient force induced mechanical reconfiguration and optical stiffening.
Optical Millimeter-Wave Up-Conversion Employing Frequency Quadrupling Without Optical Filtering (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> This study presents two optical frequency quadrupling techniques for generating high-purity millimeter-wave signals with optical carrier suppression. To our best knowledge, this investigation demonstrates for the first time that a frequency quadrupling system requires only a single integrated Mach–Zehnder modulator without an optical narrowband filter to remove undesired optical sidebands. Since no optical filter is needed, fast frequency tuning is straightforward and this approach is particularly attractive for the optical up-conversion in the wavelength-division-multiplexing radio-over-fiber systems. This study provides both theoretical analysis and experimental demonstration. The generated optical millimeter-wave signals are of very high quality with optical carrier and undesired harmonic distortion suppression ratio of more than 36 dB. </para>
Reduced synaptic activity and dysregulated extracellular matrix pathways in midbrain neurons from Parkinson’s disease patients (2022)

Several mutations that cause Parkinson's disease (PD) have been identified over the past decade. These account for 15-25% of PD cases; the rest of the cases are considered sporadic. Currently, it is accepted that PD is not a single monolithic disease but rather a constellation of diseases with some common phenotypes. While rodent models exist for some of the PD-causing mutations, research on the sporadic forms of PD is lagging due to a lack of cellular models. In our study, we differentiated PD patient-derived dopaminergic (DA) neurons from the induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) of several PD-causing mutations as well as from sporadic PD patients. Strikingly, we observed a common neurophysiological phenotype: neurons derived from PD patients had a severe reduction in the rate of synaptic currents compared to those derived from healthy controls. While the relationship between mutations in genes such as the SNCA and LRRK2 and a reduction in synaptic transmission has been investigated before, here we show evidence that the pathogenesis of the synapses in neurons is a general phenotype in PD. Analysis of RNA sequencing results displayed changes in gene expression in different synaptic mechanisms as well as other affected pathways such as extracellular matrix-related pathways. Some of these dysregulated pathways are common to all PD patients (monogenic or idiopathic). Our data, therefore, show changes that are central and convergent to PD and suggest a strong involvement of the tetra-partite synapse in PD pathophysiology.
Potential Therapeutic Effects of Long-Term Stem Cell Administration: Impact on the Gene Profile and Kidney Function of PKD/Mhm (Cy/+) Rats (2022)

Cystic kidney disease (CKD) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders and one of the most common causes of end-stage renal disease. Here, we investigate the potential effects of long-term human stem cell treatment on kidney function and the gene expression profile of PKD/Mhm (Cy/+) rats. Human adipose-derived stromal cells (ASC) and human skin-derived ABCB5<sup>+</sup> stromal cells (2 × 10<sup>6</sup>) were infused intravenously or intraperitoneally monthly, over 6 months. Additionally, ASC and ABCB5<sup>+</sup>-derived conditioned media were administrated intraperitoneally. The gene expression profile results showed a significant reprogramming of metabolism-related pathways along with downregulation of the cAMP, NF-kB and apoptosis pathways. During the experimental period, we measured the principal renal parameters as well as renal function using an innovative non-invasive transcutaneous device. All together, these analyses show a moderate amelioration of renal function in the ABCB5<sup>+</sup> and ASC-treated groups. Additionally, ABCB5<sup>+</sup> and ASC-derived conditioned media treatments lead to milder but still promising improvements. Even though further analyses have to be performed, the preliminary results obtained in this study can lay the foundations for a novel therapeutic approach with the application of cell-based therapy in CKD.
Skull Fractures Induce Neuroinflammation and Worsen Outcomes after Closed Head Injury in Mice (2019)

The weight-drop model is used widely to replicate closed-head injuries in mice; however, the histopathological and functional outcomes may vary significantly between laboratories. Because skull fractures are reported to occur in this model, we aimed to evaluate whether these breaks may influence the variability of the weight-drop (WD) model. Male Swiss Webster mice underwent WD injury with either a 2 or 5 mm cone tip, and behavior was assessed at 2 h and 24 h thereafter using the neurological severity score. The expression of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, matrix metalloproteinase-9, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 genes was measured at 12 h and 1, 3, and 14 days after injury. Before the injury, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was performed to quantify skull thickness at the impact site. With a conventional tip diameter of 2 mm, 33% of mice showed fractures of the parietal bone; the 5 mm tip produced only 10% fractures. Compared with mice without fractures, mice with fractures had a severity-dependent worse functional outcome and a more pronounced upregulation of inflammatory genes in the brain. Older mice were associated with thicker parietal bones and were less prone to skull fractures. In addition, mice that underwent traumatic brain injury (TBI) with skull fracture had macroscopic brain damage because of skull depression. Skull fractures explain a considerable proportion of the variability observed in the WD model in mice-i.e., mice with skull fractures have a much stronger inflammatory response than do mice without fractures. Using older mice with thicker skull bones and an impact cone with a larger diameter reduces the rate of skull fractures and the variability in this very useful closed-head TBI model.
A design methodology for disturbance observer with application to precision motion control: An H-infinity based approach (2017)

This paper proposes a disturbance observer (DOB) design procedure for general multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) systems based on the H-infinity synthesis. The DOB is designed by minimizing the H-infinity norm of the dynamic system from the disturbance to its estimation error. The design procedure does not require an explicit plant inverse. The proposed DOB is applied to a dual-stage hard disk drive (HDD) whose plant inverse is not applicable because of its dual-input-single-output nature. Simulation results show that the disturbance is effectively estimated and compensated enhancing precision of hard disk drive (HDD) servo for positioning of the recording head.
5G Mobile Systems for Healthcare (2017)

This paper focuses on 5G Mobile Systems for ultra-reliable low latency communications applied to the healthcare use cases, specifically: Wireless Tele Surgery (WTS) - using a mobile console and robotic platforms with video, audio and haptic feed-back; and Wireless Service Robots (WSR) - companion robots or service robots performing tasks of social caretakers, professional personnel or family members. Cyber-sickness and latency between robotic platforms and reasoning servers are the new technical problems the 5G mobile systems are expected to solve, e.g. in hospices, hospitals, homes and campus areas. We firstly describe the 5G functional architecture and key enabling technologies to meet the associated performance requirements. This is followed by a comprehensive analysis of costs and revenues operators and healthcare providers would meet to deliver the corresponding services, if 5G systems were deployed. Business case calculations for the two players show an immediate Return on Investment (RoI) for carriers, whereas the breakeven point for healthcare providers is highly sensitive to the robotic platform price.
Smart speaker design and implementation with biometric authentication\n and advanced voice interaction capability (2022)

Advancements in semiconductor technology have reduced dimensions and cost\nwhile improving the performance and capacity of chipsets. In addition,\nadvancement in the AI frameworks and libraries brings possibilities to\naccommodate more AI at the resource-constrained edge of consumer IoT devices.\nSensors are nowadays an integral part of our environment which provide\ncontinuous data streams to build intelligent applications. An example could be\na smart home scenario with multiple interconnected devices. In such smart\nenvironments, for convenience and quick access to web-based service and\npersonal information such as calendars, notes, emails, reminders, banking, etc,\nusers link third-party skills or skills from the Amazon store to their smart\nspeakers. Also, in current smart home scenarios, several smart home products\nsuch as smart security cameras, video doorbells, smart plugs, smart carbon\nmonoxide monitors, and smart door locks, etc. are interlinked to a modern smart\nspeaker via means of custom skill addition. Since smart speakers are linked to\nsuch services and devices via the smart speaker user's account. They can be\nused by anyone with physical access to the smart speaker via voice commands. If\ndone so, the data privacy, home security and other aspects of the user get\ncompromised. Recently launched, Tensor Cam's AI Camera, Toshiba's Symbio,\nFacebook's Portal are camera-enabled smart speakers with AI functionalities.\nAlthough they are camera-enabled, yet they do not have an authentication scheme\nin addition to calling out the wake-word. This paper provides an overview of\ncybersecurity risks faced by smart speaker users due to lack of authentication\nscheme and discusses the development of a state-of-the-art camera-enabled,\nmicrophone array-based modern Alexa smart speaker prototype to address these\nrisks.\n
Abstract LB-057: 1-Benzylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones as potent PARP inhibitors. SAR of the quinazoline group and in vivo efficacy of clinical candidate IMP4297 (2016)

Abstract Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) is a critical enzyme for DNA repair and PARP-1 inhibitors have been found to be efficacious against cancers with BRCA mutations. Olaparib (AZD2281) has been approved as the first PARP-1 inhibitor for the treatment of ovarian cancers with BRCA mutations. In this presentation, we will report the SAR studies of 1-benzylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones (BQD) as potent PARP inhibitors. We will present data for substituents at the quinazoline group of BQD, as well as in vivo efficacy data of IMP4297 which has been selected as clinical candidate for development. In a human triple negative breast cancer PDX model (BR-05-0028) with BRCA1 mutations, IMP4297 is highly efficacious against tumor growth with potency that is about 20-fold that of AZD2281. An IND for IMP4297 has been filed in China recently. Citation Format: Sui Xiong Cai, Qingbing Xu, Xiuhua Hu, Yangzhen Jiang, Guoxiang Wang, Ed Tian. 1-Benzylquinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-diones as potent PARP inhibitors. SAR of the quinazoline group and in vivo efficacy of clinical candidate IMP4297. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-057.
Customized architectural methodologies for high-speed image and video processing (2003)

It is considered that the integration of high-speed consumer digital signal processing (DSP) application requires an efficient IC architecture which is fully adapted to the application at hand. On the other hand, the design time can be reduced substantially by maintaining only a very small cell-library and by applying powerful CAD tools. From the experience collected with a large number of realistic and practical case studies, a selection has been made of promising, efficient architectural strategies that satisfy these constraints. Guidelines for the architectural design process are proposed that depend on the required throughput and the structure of the algorithm and corresponding signal flow-graph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coding-Complete Genome Sequence of an African Swine Fever Virus Strain Liv13/33 Isolate from Experimental Transmission between Pigs and Ornithodoros moubata Ticks (2020)

Here, we report the coding-complete genome sequence of African swine fever (ASF) virus strain Liv13/33, isolated from experimentally infected pigs and <i>Ornithodoros moubata</i> ticks. The 11 sequences that we obtained harbored no notable differences to each other, and all of them were closely related to the genome sequence of the Mkuzi 1979 strain of genotype I.
Fusion peptide priming reduces immune responses to HIV-1 envelope trimer base (2021)

Soluble "SOSIP"-stabilized envelope (Env) trimers are promising HIV-vaccine immunogens. However, they induce high-titer responses against the glycan-free trimer base, which is occluded on native virions. To delineate the effect on base responses of priming with immunogens targeting the fusion peptide (FP) site of vulnerability, here, we quantify the prevalence of trimer-base antibody responses in 49 non-human primates immunized with various SOSIP-stabilized Env trimers and FP-carrier conjugates. Trimer-base responses account for ∼90% of the overall trimer response in animals immunized with trimer only, ∼70% in animals immunized with a cocktail of SOSIP trimer and FP conjugate, and ∼30% in animals primed with FP conjugates before trimer immunization. Notably, neutralization breadth in FP-conjugate-primed animals correlates inversely with trimer-base responses. Our data provide methods to quantify the prevalence of trimer-base responses and reveal that FP-conjugate priming, either alone or as part of a cocktail, can reduce the trimer-base response and improve the neutralization outcome.
Design and testing considerations of an embedded reconfigurable systems-on-a-chip controller for real-time dynamic kernel partitioning (2005)

This paper shows the design of an embedded real-time kernel and systems-on-a-chip design for reconfigurable hardware in an autonomous landing vehicle (ALV) control logic unit. A scheme for high-level design of the embedded signal processor as a SoC is described with reference to the performance metrics of a commercial kernel which is used for prototyping.
From SODA to scotch: The evolution of a wireless baseband processor (2008)

With the multitude of existing and upcoming wireless standards, it is becoming increasingly difficult for hardware-only baseband processing solutions to adapt to the rapidly changing wireless communication landscape. Software defined radio (SDR) promises to deliver a cost effective and flexible solution by implementing a wide variety of wireless protocols in software. In previous work, a fully programmable multicore architecture, SODA, was proposed that was able to meet the real-time requirements of 3G wireless protocols. SODA consists of one ARM control processor and four wide single instruction multiple data (SIMD) processing elements. Each processing element consists of a scalar and a wide 512-bit 32-lane SIMD datapath. A commercial prototype based on the SODA architecture, Ardbeg (named after a brand of Scotch whisky), has been developed. In this paper, we present the architectural evolution of going from a research design to a commercial prototype, including the goals, tradeoffs, and final design choices. Ardbegpsilas redesign process can be grouped into the following three major areas: optimizing the wide SIMD datapath, providing long instruction word (LIW) support for SIMD operations, and adding application-specific hardware accelerators. Because SODA was originally designed with 180 nm technology, the wide SIMD datapath is re-optimized in Ardbeg for 90 nm technology. This includes re-evaluating the most efficient SIMD width, designing a wider SIMD shuffle network, and implementing faster SIMD arithmetic units. Ardbeg also provides modest LIW support by allowing two SIMD operations to issue in the same cycle. This LIW execution supports SDR algorithmspsila most common parallel SIMD execution patterns with minimal hardware overhead. A viable commercial SDR solution must be competitive with existing ASIC solutions. Therefore, algorithm-specific hardware is added for performance bottleneck algorithms while still maintaining enough flexibility to support multiple wireless protocols. The combination of these architectural improvements allows Ardbeg to achieve 1.5-7x speedup over SODA across multiple wireless algorithms while consuming less power.
Hierarchical control for artificial hearts (2002)

This paper describes a hierarchical control structure to regulate the operation of turbo-hydrodynamic heart assist devices. The goal of the controller is to provide performance that satisfies as many clinical constraints as possible, consistent with the amount and validity of hemodynamic measurements available. Local control algorithms built into the devices maintain pump speed at a reference value, and the primary problem addressed by the hierarchical controller is to determine the desired reference. At the top of the hierarchy is a supervisor that maintains a model of the pump and the patient and continuously evaluates the available estimates of hemodynamic variables, reliability of the patient model, past history of the patient, and validity of the information available. Depending on this evaluation, the supervisor uses either heuristic criteria or a multi-objective optimization algorithm to determine the reference speed. It also evaluates the operating status of the device.
P-D7 Synthesis and Characterization of a Long Acting Nanoformulated Dolutegravir (2017)

JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes​ seeks to end the HIV epidemic by presenting important new science across all disciplines that advance our understanding of the biology, treatment and prevention of HIV infection worldwide. JAIDS: Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes is the trusted, interdisciplinary resource for HIV- and AIDS-related information with a strong focus on basic and translational science, clinical science, and epidemiology and prevention. Co-edited by the foremost leaders in clinical virology, molecular biology, and epidemiology, JAIDS publishes vital information on the advances in diagnosis and treatment of HIV infections, as well as the latest research in the development of therapeutics and vaccine approaches. This ground-breaking journal brings together rigorously peer-reviewed articles, reviews of current research, results of clinical trials, and epidemiologic reports from around the world.
Preferential tumor targeting and selective cytotoxicity of 5-[131/125I]-iodo-4′-thio-2′-deoxyuridine (2008)

60 Objectives: Auger-electron emitting radiopharmaceuticals are attractive for targeted nanoirradiation therapy, provided that DNA of malignant cells is selectively addressed. We examined 5-[123/125/131]iodo-4′-thio-2′-deoxyuridine for targeting DNA in tumor cells in a SCID mouse model. Furthermore, the effect of thymidylate synthase inhibitor 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine on specific targeting and induction of apoptotic death of cancer cells was investigated. Methods: For comparative biodistribution experiments with [131I]ITdU three groups of HL60-xenografed scid mice received pre-treatment with different doses of FdUrd 30 min prior to ITdU injection. Tumor and normal organ tissues were dissected 30 min and 24 h post injection and uptake of [131I]ITdU (%ID/g tissue) by organ and tumor tissue was determined. Cellular distribution of [125I]ITdU and induced apoptotic effect were imaged by microautoradiography and TUNEL assay, respectively. Results: Pretreatment with 20 µmol/kg FdUrd preferentially increased tumor ITdU uptake by a factor of 4, doubled spleen uptake and reduced intestinal uptake to about 50%, resulting in favorable tumor to normal tissue ratios and thus tumor selectivity. ITdU was exclusively localized within the nucleus and incorporated into DNA (348±115 cpm/µg DNA) of tumor cells, compared to 58±10 and 100±2 in spleen and small intestine. In FdUrd pretreated animals 24 h we observed after injection of ITdU > 90% tumoral apoptosis induction and thus a highly radiotoxic effect in tumor cells but not in cells of major proliferating tissues. Conclusions: We conclude that pretreatment with an appropriate dose of FdUrd confers targeting and radiotoxic selectivity to ITdU in tumor cells in vivo compared to proliferating cells in major proliferating tissues. Research Support: KFO 120, German Research Foundation
Front Matter: Volume 7972 (2011)

This PDF file contains the front matter associated with SPIE Proceedings Volume 7972, including the Title Page, Copyright information, Table of Contents, Introduction (if any), and the Conference Committee listing.
Structural Characterization of Pt−Pd and Pd−Pt Core−Shell Nanoclusters at Atomic Resolution (2009)

We describe the results of a study at atomic resolution of the structures exhibited by polymer-capped monometallic and bimetallic Pt and Pd nanoclusters--models for nanoscale material electrocatalysts--as carried out using an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM). The coupling of sub-nanometer resolution with Z-contrast measurements provides unprecedented insights into the atomic structures and relative elemental speciation of Pt and Pd within these clusters. The work further defines the nature of deeply quenched states that prevent facile conversions of core-shell motifs to equilibrium alloys and the nature of nonidealities such as twinning (icosahedral cores) and atomic segregation that these structures can embed. The nature of the facet structure present in these model systems is revealed by theory directed modeling in which experimental intensity profiles obtained in Z-contrast measurements at atomic resolution are compared to simulated intensity profiles using theoretically predicted cluster geometries. These comparisons show close correspondences between experiment and model and highlight striking structural complexities in these systems that are compositionally sensitive and subject to amplification by subsequent cluster growth processes. The work demonstrates an empowering competency in nanomaterials research for STEM measurements carried out using aberration corrected microscopes, approaches that hold considerable promise for characterizing the structure of these and other important catalytic materials systems at the atomic scale.