gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Practical structured learning techniques for natural language processing (2006)

Natural language processing is replete with problems whose outputs are highly complex and structured. The current state-of-the-art in machine learning is not yet sufficiently general to be applied to general problems in NLP. In this thesis, I present Searn (for “search-learn”), an approach to learning for structured outputs that is applicable to the wide variety of problems encountered in natural language (and, hopefully, to problems in other domains, such as vision and biology). To demonstrate Searn’s general applicability, I present applications in such diverse areas as automatic document summarization and entity detection and tracking. In these applications, Searn is empirically shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance. 
Searn is based on an integration of learning and search. This contrasts with standard approaches that define a model, learn parameters for that model, and then use the model and the learned parameters to produce new outputs. In most NLP problems, the “produce new outputs” step includes an intractable computation. One must therefore employ a heuristic search function for the production step. Instead of shying away from search, Searn attacks it head on and considers structured prediction to be defined by a search problem. The corresponding learning problem is then made natural: learn parameters so that search succeeds. 
The two application domains I study most closely in this thesis are entity detection and tracking (EDT) and automatic document summarization. EDT is the problem of finding all references to people, places and organizations in a document and identifying their relationships. Summarization is the task of producing a short summary for either a single document or for a collection of documents. These problems exhibit complex structure that cannot be captured and exploited using previously proposed structured prediction algorithms. By applying Searn to these problems, I am able to learn models that benefit from complex, non-local features of both the input and the output. Such features would not be available to structured prediction algorithm that require model tractability. These improvements lead to state-of-the-art performance on standardized data sets with low computational overhead. 
Searn operates by transforming structured prediction problems into a collection of classification problems, to which any standard binary classifier may be applied (for instance, a support vector machine or decision tree). In fact, Searn represents a family of structured prediction algorithms depending on the classifier and search space used. From a theoretical perspective, Searn satisfies a strong fundamental performance guarantee: given a good classification algorithm, Searn yields a good structured prediction algorithm. Such theoretical results are possible for other structured prediction only when the underlying model is tractable. For Searn, I am able to state strong results that are independent of the size or tractability of the search space. This provides theoretical justification for integrating search with learning.
Randomized Clinical Trial: Bergamot Citrus and Wild Cardoon Reduce Liver Steatosis and Body Weight in Non-diabetic Individuals Aged Over 50 Years (2020)

<b>Background:</b> Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality in the world. However, no effective pharmacological treatment for this condition has been found. <b>Purpose:</b> This study evaluated the effect of a nutraceutical containing bioactive components from Bergamot citrus and wild cardoon as a treatment for individuals with fatty liver disease. The primary outcome measure was the change in liver fat content. <b>Methods:</b> A total of 102 patients with liver steatosis were enrolled in a double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. The intervention group received a nutraceutical containing a Bergamot polyphenol fraction and <i>Cynara Cardunculus</i> extract, 300 mg/day for 12 weeks. The control group received a placebo daily. Liver fat content, by transient elastography, serum transaminases, lipids and glucose were measured at the baseline and the end of the study. <b>Results:</b> We found a greater liver fat content reduction in the participants taking the nutraceutical rather than placebo (-48.2 ± 39 vs. -26.9 ± 43 dB/m, <i>p</i> = 0.02); The percentage CAP score reduction was statistically significant in those with android obesity, overweight/obesity as well as in women. However, after adjustment for weight change, the percentage CAP score reduction was statistically significant only in those over 50 years (44 vs. 78% in placebo and nutraceutical, respectively, <i>p</i> = 0.007). <b>Conclusions:</b> This specific nutraceutical containing bioactive components from Bergamot and wild cardoon reduced the liver fat content during 12 weeks in individuals with liver steatosis over 50 years. If confirmed, this nutraceutical could become the cornerstone treatment of patients affected by liver steatosis. <b>Clinical Trial Registration:</b> www.isrctn.com, identifier ISRCTN12833814.
<title>5-nm resolution in a vibrating environment with a 1-mm dynamic range</title> (1997)

We report the first demonstration of high resolution mm dynamic range measurements using sinusoidal phase modulation interferometry. Our novel method has increased the range by over 3 orders of magnitude, while maintaining ultra-high accuracy. Simple commercial laser diodes were used and a new algorithm allowed for the first ultra-high accuracy and high dynamic range in real time for a slightly vibrating environment.
High-dimensional unitary transformations and boson sampling on temporal modes using dispersive optics (2016)

A major challenge for postclassical boson sampling experiments is the need for a large number of coupled optical modes, detectors, and single-photon sources. Here we show that these requirements can be greatly eased by time-bin encoding and dispersive optics-based unitary transformations. Detecting consecutively heralded photons after time-independent dispersion performs boson sampling from unitaries for which an efficient classical algorithm is lacking. We also show that time-dependent dispersion can implement general single-particle unitary operations. More generally, this scheme promises an efficient architecture for a range of other linear optics experiments.
Pore mouth versus intracrystalline adsorption of isoalkanes on ZSM-22 and ZSM-23 zeolites under vapour and liquid phase conditions (2003)

Methylbranched C5-C9 alkanes do not adsorb in the intracrystalline void space of ZSM-23, neither from the vapour nor the liquid phase, but are adsorbed in ZSM-22, if only from the liquid phase, and this despite the small difference in pore size.
In-Source Collision-Induced Dissociation (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A Parallel β-Sheet Model System that Folds in Water (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA Parallel β-Sheet Model System that Folds in WaterJohn D. Fisk and Samuel H. GellmanView Author Information Graduate Program in Biophysics and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin Madison, Wisconsin 53706 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 2, 343–344Publication Date (Web):December 20, 2000Publication History Received10 July 2000Published online20 December 2000Published inissue 1 January 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja002493dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja002493drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views654Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Nucleic acid structure,Peptides and proteins,Protein folding,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Interferometric imaging of thermal expansion for temperature control in retinal laser therapy (2021)

Abstract Precise control of the temperature rise is a prerequisite for proper photothermal therapy. In retinal laser therapy, the heat deposition is primarily governed by the melanin concentration, which can significantly vary across the retina and from patient to patient. In this work, we present a method for determining the optical and thermal properties of layered materials, directly applicable to the retina, using low-energy laser heating and phase-resolved optical coherence tomography (pOCT). The method is demonstrated on a polymer-based tissue phantom heated with a laser pulse focused onto an absorbing layer buried below the phantom’s surface. Using a line-scan spectral-domain pOCT, optical path length changes induced by the thermal expansion were extracted from sequential B-scans. The material properties were then determined by matching the optical path length changes to a thermo-mechanical model developed for fast computation. This method determined the absorption coefficient with a precision of 2.5% and the temperature rise with a precision of about 0.2°C from a single laser exposure, while the peak did not exceed 8°C during 1 ms pulse, which is well within the tissue safety range and significantly more precise than other methods.
Systems vaccinology informs influenza vaccine immunogenicity (2016)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Renal Denervation Does Not Abolish Sustained Baroreflex-Mediated Reductions in Arterial Pressure (2006)

Recent studies indicate that suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity and attendant increments in renal excretory function are sustained baroreflex-mediated responses in hypertensive animals. Given the central role of the kidneys in long-term regulation of arterial pressure, we hypothesized that the chronic blood pressure-lowering effects of the baroreflex are critically dependent on intact renal innervation. This hypothesis was tested in 6 dogs by bilaterally activating the carotid baroreflex electrically for 7 days before and after bilateral renal denervation. Before renal denervation, control values for mean arterial pressure and plasma norepinephrine concentration were 95+/-2 mm Hg and 96+/-12 pg/mL, respectively. During day 1 of baroreflex activation, mean arterial pressure decreased 13+/-1 mm Hg, and there was modest sodium retention. Daily sodium balance was subsequently restored, but reductions in mean arterial pressure were sustained throughout the 7 days of baroreflex activation. Activation of the baroreflex was associated with sustained decreases in plasma norepinephrine concentration ( approximately 50%) and plasma renin activity (30% to 40%). All of the values returned to control levels during a 7-day recovery period. Two weeks after renal denervation, control values for mean arterial pressure, plasma norepinephrine concentration, plasma renin activity, and sodium excretion were comparable to those measured when the renal nerves were intact. Moreover, after renal denervation, all of the responses to activation of the baroreflex were similar to those observed before renal denervation. These findings demonstrate that the presence of the renal nerves is not an obligate requirement for achieving long-term reductions in arterial pressure during prolonged activation of the baroreflex.
14 Gbps 60 GHz RoF link employing a simple system architecture and OFDM modulation (2009)

A radio-over-fiber system with a simple architecture is used to transport a 14 Gbps OFDM signal occupying the full 60 GHz band. Fiber lengths exceeding 3km are supported without any dispersion compensation.
ADAPTIVE UNSTRUCTURED GRID FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERFACE REPRESENTATION (1997)

Moving-boundary problems arise in numerous important physical phenomena, and often form complex shapes during their evolution. The ability to track the interface in such cases in two dimensions is well established. However, modifying the grid representing the interface as it evolves in three-dimensional space introduces additional issues. In the current work, three-dimensional interfaces are represented by adaptive unstructured grids. The grids are restructured and refined based on the shape and size of the triangular elements in the grid that forms the interfaces. As the interface deforms, points are automatically added to ensure that the accuracy of interface representation remains consistent. Results are presented to show how complex interface features, including surface curvatures and normals, can be captured by modifying an existing method that uses an approximation to the Dupin indicatrix.
ADJUNCTIONS BETWEEN CATEGORIES OF DOMAINS (1995)

In this paper we show that there is no left adjoint to the inclusion functor from the full subcategory 𝒞0 of Scott domains (i.e., consistently complete ω–algebraic cpo's) to 𝒮ℱ𝒫, the category of 𝒮ℱ𝒫-objects and Scott-continuous maps. We also sho
Cardiorenal Actions of TRV120027, a Novel ß-Arrestin–Biased Ligand at the Angiotensin II Type I Receptor, in Healthy and Heart Failure Canines (2011)

We report for the first time the cardiorenal actions of the novel ß-arrestin-biased AT1R ligand TRV120027. In both normal and HF canines, TRV120027 demonstrated cardiac unloading actions while preserving renal function. With this beneficial pharmacological profile, TRV120027 represents a novel strategy for the treatment of HF.
Domestication Effects on Stress Induced Steroid Secretion and Adrenal Gene Expression in Chickens (2015)

Understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity is a challenge in contemporary biology. Domestication provides a model for unravelling aspects of the genetic basis of stress sensitivity. The ancestral Red Junglefowl (RJF) exhibits greater fear-related behaviour and a more pronounced HPA-axis reactivity than its domesticated counterpart, the White Leghorn (WL). By comparing hormones (plasmatic) and adrenal global gene transcription profiles between WL and RJF in response to an acute stress event, we investigated the molecular basis for the altered physiological stress responsiveness in domesticated chickens. Basal levels of pregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone as well as corticosterone response were lower in WL. Microarray analysis of gene expression in adrenal glands showed a significant breed effect in a large number of transcripts with over-representation of genes in the channel activity pathway. The expression of the best-known steroidogenesis genes were similar across the breeds used. Transcription levels of acute stress response genes such as StAR, CH25 and POMC were upregulated in response to acute stress. Dampened HPA reactivity in domesticated chickens was associated with changes in the expression of several genes that presents potentially minor regulatory effects rather than by means of change in expression of critical steroidogenic genes in the adrenal.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Personalized Chemotherapy Profiling Using Cancer Cell Lines from Selectable Mice (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 79K, Breeding strategy for production and maintenance of the nude hprt-null mouse.&lt;/p&gt;
System Integration of a Safe, High Power, Lithium Ion Main Battery into a Civil Aviation Aircraft (2010)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The Cessna Citation CJ4, certified on March 12, 2010, is believed to be the first civil aircraft with a Lithium Ion main battery. The 26.4VDC, 44Ah Lithium Ion main battery weighs 54 lbs, a 35% weight saving over a Nickel-Cadmium battery. Using phosphate-based Lithium Ion cells, which have no positive feedback thermal runaway failure mode, system integration of the battery and aircraft architecture design is simpler. Electronics and software are needed to optimize life only, not to ensure safety. Emergency discharge with failed electronics is enabled with the selection of a less volatile chemistry, the use of an analog Module Management System for cell balancing and protection, and the use of a microcontroller-based digital Central Monitoring System that reports health. System safety failure hazard assessment is considered Major, and the battery software is certified to the requirements of RTCA DO-178B, Design Assurance Level C. New Battery Fault and Battery Fail annunciations supersede the conventional Battery Overtemperature messages to accommodate other non-temperature related failure modes. Heaters enable performance at cold temperatures while its aircraft-in-the-loop circuit ensures safety. The Lithium Ion battery and the Cessna Citation CJ4 electrical bus and avionics suite designs were integrated to optimize performance, safety, protection, and maintenance frequency.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Several posttranslational modifications act in concert to regulate gephyrin scaffolding and GABAergic transmission (2016)

GABA<sub>A</sub> receptors (GABA<sub>A</sub>Rs) mediate the majority of fast inhibitory neurotransmission in the brain via synergistic association with the postsynaptic scaffolding protein gephyrin and its interaction partners. However, unlike their counterparts at glutamatergic synapses, gephyrin and its binding partners lack canonical protein interaction motifs; hence, the molecular basis for gephyrin scaffolding has remained unclear. In this study, we identify and characterize two new posttranslational modifications of gephyrin, SUMOylation and acetylation. We demonstrate that crosstalk between SUMOylation, acetylation and phosphorylation pathways regulates gephyrin scaffolding. Pharmacological intervention of SUMO pathway or transgenic expression of SUMOylation-deficient gephyrin variants rescued gephyrin clustering in CA1 or neocortical neurons of Gabra2-null mice, which otherwise lack gephyrin clusters, indicating that gephyrin SUMO modification is an essential determinant for scaffolding at GABAergic synapses. Together, our results demonstrate that concerted modifications on a protein scaffold by evolutionarily conserved yet functionally diverse signalling pathways facilitate GABAergic transmission.
Using the effect of longitudinal chromatic aberration for measuring distances from a single color photograph (2019)

A method for measuring the distance to photographic objects based on the longitudinal chromatic aberration at which the focal length of the lens and, consequently, the degree of defocusing of the photograph depend on the color range used during shooting is proposed. By performing the local analysis of the spatial Fourier spectrum of the image, which is differently defocused in different spectral ranges, distances are calculated in analytical form. A theoretical justification of the proposed method is provided, and the results of its practical application for measuring distances to objects of the scene with the help of its color photograph taken using an objective with pronounced chromatic aberration are presented.
Fitting Square Pegs Through Round Pipes: Unordered Delivery\n Wire-Compatible with TCP and TLS (2011)

Internet applications increasingly employ TCP not as a stream abstraction,\nbut as a substrate for application-level transports, a use that converts TCP's\nin-order semantics from a convenience blessing to a performance curse. As\nInternet evolution makes TCP's use as a substrate likely to grow, we offer\nMinion, an architecture for backward-compatible out-of-order delivery atop TCP\nand TLS. Small OS API extensions allow applications to manage TCP's send buffer\nand to receive TCP segments out-of-order. Atop these extensions, Minion builds\napplication-level protocols offering true unordered datagram delivery, within\nstreams preserving strict wire-compatibility with unsecured or TLS-secured TCP\nconnections. Minion's protocols can run on unmodified TCP stacks, but benefit\nincrementally when either endpoint is upgraded, for a backward-compatible\ndeployment path. Experiments suggest that Minion can noticeably improve\nperformance of applications such as conferencing, virtual private networking,\nand web browsing, while incurring minimal CPU or bandwidth costs.\n
Multiple cArdiac seNsors for mAnaGEment of Heart Failure (MANAGE-HF) – Phase I Evaluation of the Integration and Safety of the HeartLogic Multisensor Algorithm in Patients With Heart Failure (2022)

ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03237858).
Support effects on electronic structure of platinum clusters in Y zeolite (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupport effects on electronic structure of platinum clusters in Y zeoliteMahesh G. Samant and Michel BoudartCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 10, 4070–4074Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100163a034https://doi.org/10.1021/j100163a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views490Altmetric-Citations94LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts