gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acid Selection for Volcanic Tuffaceous Sandstone With High Analcime Contents: A Laboratory Study in Kita-Akita Oil Field, Northern Japan (2019)

Investigation of the effectiveness of matrix stimulation treatments for removing drilling induced damage in Akita region in northern Japan is of interest due to the presence of large quantities of acid-sensitive minerals, such as analcime. Feasibility study of the sub-commercial field redevelopment in the Kita-Akita oil field, one of the satellite fields of main Yabase oil fields, which produced from 1957 to 1973, and were plugged and abandoned, were conducted. As a part of the studies, matrix acidizing laboratory experiments were performed. Conventional mud acids and formic-based organic mud acid systems cause significant permeability damage due to instability of analcime in these acids. This study focuses on the development of a treatment fluid that removes drilling-induced damage and is also compatible with the formation. Petrology studies and core flow tests were used in conjunction with geochemical modeling to achieve this objective. A petrographic analysis on the untreated cores showed abundant tuffaceous pore-filling mineral phases, ranging from 12 to 20% in volume. Smectite clay and microcrystalline quartz are the major constituents as alteration products of volcanic glass. Analcime was present in significant quantities in all samples tested. Six core flow tests were performed on formation cores to optimize the acid preflush and main acid stage. Permeability change due to the treatment fluids was recorded for the tests. Chemical analysis of the effluent was performed on three core flow tests. Core samples before and after acidization were characterized based on thin section, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and mineral mapping. Core flow tests with a conventional retarded organic mud acid resulted in only a 75% retained permeability. The permeability damage by the retarded organic mud acid was surprising because it usually performs well in acid-sensitive formations. A chelant based retarded mud acid was tested next and resulted in minor formation damage. It can potentially be used in a field treatment as its high dissolving power is expected to more than compensate for the damage. The highest retained permeability was obtained with an acetic-HF acid system. It was successfully able to remove drilling-induced damage and was also compatible with the native mineralogy. Core flow tests were used to calibrate permeability-porosity relationship used in the geochemical simulator. The geochemical simulator was then used to predict field-level acid response. The analytic methods presented are general enough to be of interest to sandstone acidizing studies where detailed analysis is needed for damage identification and removal. The fluids developed for this formation area good candidates for other formations where conventional acid systems have not performed well. This study also highlights close collaboration between an operator and service company to find a workable solution to a challenging stimulation requirement.
Weighted Sum-Rate Maximization for Rate-Splitting Multiple Access Based Multi-antenna Broadcast Channel with Confidential Messages (2022)

In this paper, we take all users' secrecy rate requirements into consideration and propose a rate-splitting multiple access (RSMA)-based secure beamforming approach to maximize the weighted sum-rate (WSR), where multi-user interference (MUI) is partially decoded and partially treated as noise. User messages are split and encoded into common and private streams. Each user not only decodes the common stream and the intended private stream, but also eavesdrops other users' private streams. To solve the introduced non-convex security constraints in the formulated problem, a successive convex approximation (SCA)-based approach is first proposed to maximize the instantaneous WSR under perfect channel state information at the transmitter (CSIT). When only imperfect CSIT is available, to ensure robustness, a weighted ergodic sum-rate maximization problem is formulated. Then, a joint weighted minimum mean square error and SCA-based alternating optimization algorithm is proposed to optimize the precoder. Numerical results demonstrate that, compared with baseline schemes, the performance advantage of the proposed RSMA-based secure beamforming design has been shown in terms of WSR and robustness to channel errors while ensuring all users' security requirements thanks to its powerful interference management capability.
Potentiality of power management on database systems with power saving function of disk drives (2011)

Power consumption of modern datacenters is increasing rapidly. Databases, especially OLTPs, have become a major application at datacenters. Therefore, power-saving management for OLTP applications has become an important task for user budgets and datacenter operations. A recent report described that disk drives consume about 70% of total power of IT equipment when such large OLTP applications are executed. As described in this paper, we specifically examine a novel power-saving management for multiple disk drives of OLTP applications. First, we constructed an experimental system with power meter, and measured basic power consumption and I/O behaviors of OLTP applications. Then we show that basic measurement results confirm there is still the potentiality of power-saving even though OLTP applications are running. We propose a new method that delays database writes based on this I/O behavior knowledge at run time. Experimental and simulation results obtained using our power-saving methods are explained. Our method provides dynamic power saving of disk drives running TPC--C applications, which issue many I/Os to the disk drives.
Total synthesis of milbemycins: a synthesis of (6R)-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydromilbemycin E (2005)

Following studies using benzyloxymethyl isopropenyl ketone 5 and ethyl 3-(3-furyl)-3-oxopropanoate 6, Robinson reactions between aryloxymethyl isopropenyl ketones 19 and 5 and ethyl 3-(2-trimethylsilyl-3-furyl)-3-oxopropanoate 20 were found to be stereoselective giving cyclohexanones 21 and 41, in which the 3-(arylmethoxy) substituents were cis to the 2-hydroxyl groups, as the major products. After reduction and protection of ketone 21, selective PMB-deprotection, oxidation and stereoselective reduction inverted the configuration at C3 to give the diol 30. Protection of the secondary 3-hydroxyl group followed by modification of the protected 4-alcohol then gave the hydroxybutenolides 36 and 37 after oxidation of the silylated furan using singlet oxygen. The 3-benzyloxycyclohexanone 41 was also converted into the hydroxybutenolide 37 via the (2-trimethylsilylethoxy)methyl (SEM) ether 35. The Wittig reaction between the ylid generated from 2-methylpropyl(triphenyl)phosphonium salt and hydroxybutenolide 36 gave predominantly the (2Z,4Z)-dienyl acid 38 which was taken through to the butenolide 40. Similarly, the racemic hydroxybutenolide 37 was condensed with the racemic ylid derived from phosphonium salt 53 to give, after SEM-deprotection and 5-membered lactone formation, a mixture of the (9Z,2'Z)-dienyl lactones 58 and 59 containing ca. 10% of the corresponding (9Z,2'E)-isomers 60 and 61. (2'Z)/(2'E)-Isomerisation of the dienes 58 and 59 using iodine followed by deprotection gave a mixture of the seco-acids 62 and 63. Selective macrocyclisation of the seco-acid 62 in which the relative configuration of the C1-C7 and C17-C19 fragments (milbemycin numbering) corresponded to that present in the natural milbemycins, gave the beta-milbemycin analogue 65 after butenolide reduction. The hydroxybutenolide 37 was also condensed with the ylid derived from the phosphonium salt 1 and the product taken through to (6R)-6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydromilbemycin E 77. Preliminary attempts to convert the beta-milbemycin analogues 65 and 77 into tetrahydrofurans corresponding to analogues of alpha-milbemycins by treatment with toluene p-sulfonyl chloride under basic conditions gave the primary allylic chlorides 78 and 79.
Level‐set‐based method for designing novel brushed synchronous machines (2023)

Abstract Nowadays, research on electromagnetic devices increasingly focuses on multiphysics three‐dimensional complex systems. However, this kind of simulations require huge computational resources and consequently very high CPU time. Ristagno et al. proposed a level‐set based method allowing meshing step savings in any iterative processes (as movement modeling or optimization processes). The level‐set method lies in implicit description of moving fronts as described in the study by Osher et al. (1988). Inspired by Räisänen et al., all physical parameters (material properties, supply or armature movement) are implemented by projection of mathematical functions. In this paper, the authors proposes to study and design a new kind of mechanical commutator for DC machines thanks to this coupled method. Indeed, there is a renewed interest in DC machines because they can be suitable for small mobilities. To be noted, small mobility concerns all kind of vehicles (2 wheels–4 wheels–autonomous vehicles such as drones) that have speeds below 50 km/h. However, specifications for traction applications are difficult to achieve for such a rustic machine and requires some modifications. That is why, inspired by usual synchronous machine, the commutator has been redesigned to obtain expected theoretically signal waveform. Furthermore, numerical coupled simulations have been used to design both machine and supply simultaneously. This work has led to the manufacture of a proof of concept and preliminary results are very promising.
Climate change, the energy industry, and the role of carbon capture utilization and storage (2021)

This paper discusses several key topics related to Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS). First, we discuss the forces requiring global carbon reduction. Then we discuss the energy transition and the key role of CCUS. Finally, we discuss the economics of different carbon capture and sequestration options and show why enhanced oil recovery related sequestration can be an optimal solution. We show that this potentially can form the best path for the energy industry and a reasonably well posed problem for geological and geophysical long-term storage and monitoring. Finally, we discuss the potential of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in unconventional resources.
Melanophlogite: composition, thermal behavior and structure refinement (1981)

Studies on natural single crystals of MgAl204 (China) \vith ~0.4% Cr and ~1% Fe were carried out at room temperature, 690C, 830C and, after quenching, again at room temperature. Additional measurements were made at thermal equilibrium at 8So 0 c, 830C, 805C, 780C and, after slow cooling to 6So 0 c, again at room temperature.
Endothelial Targeted Strategies to Combat Oxidative Stress: Improving Outcomes in Traumatic Brain Injury (2019)

The endothelium is a thin monolayer of specialized cells that lines the luminal wall of blood vessels and constitutes the critical innermost portion of the physical barrier between the blood and the brain termed the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Aberrant changes in the endothelium occur in many neuropathological states, including those with high morbidity and mortality that lack targeted therapeutic interventions, such as traumatic brain injury (TBI). Utilizing ligands of surface determinants expressed on brain endothelium to target and combat injury mechanisms at damaged endothelium offers a new approach to the study of TBI and new avenues for clinical advancement. Many factors influence the targets that are expressed on endothelium. Therefore, the optimization of binding sites and ideal design features of nanocarriers are controllable factors that permit the engineering of nanotherapeutic agents with applicability that is specific to a known disease state. Following TBI, damaged endothelial cells upregulate cell adhesion molecules, including ICAM-1, and are key sites of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, including hydrogen peroxide. Reactive oxygen species along with pro-inflammatory mediators are known to contribute to endothelial damage and loss of BBB integrity. The use of targeted endothelial nanomedicine, with conjugates of the antioxidant enzyme catalase linked to anti-ICAM-1 antibodies, has recently been demonstrated to minimize oxidative stress at the BBB and reduce neuropathological outcomes following TBI. Here, we discuss targeted endothelial nanomedicine and its potential to provide benefits in TBI outcomes and future directions of this approach.
An Anthropomorphic Soft Exosuit for Hand Rehabilitation (2019)

Functional impairment of the hand, for example after a stroke, can be partially improved by intensive training. This is currently done by physiotherapy and the optimal intensity of hand rehabilitation programs is usually not reached due to a lack in human resources (high costs) and patients fatigue. In this work a cost-effective soft exosuit to support the hand's grasping function is presented. The system is based on tendon-like wires and all fingers except the little finger are actuated. Each of the remaining four fingers is bidirectionally controlled by an electrical motor. This allows a variety of gripping situations, e.g. a power or precision grip. Our prototype weighs 435g, including the battery and can be worn on the upper arm. The force applicable for a power grip exceeds 20N with a maximum gripping frequency of 4Hz. Furthermore, a force control is implemented, giving the wearer the opportunity to grab sensitive objects. All components used are available in different sizes, allowing a quick and individual preparation per patient. Therefore, our prototype can be used for rehabilitation while doing activities of daily living (ADL) starting on the day of the injury.
Cardiac Parasympathetic Stimulation via QRS‐Synchronous Low‐Energy Shocks In Humans (1999)

Low-energy shocks delivered during the QRS complex cause postshock cycle length prolongation in man. This effect required the presence of a CS or SVC lead. Atropine inhibited this effect, suggesting the phenomenon was mediated by direct cardiac parasympathetic nerve stimulation by the intracardiac shock.
Synthesis of the serotonin transporter ligand (±)‐10‐methyl 3‐[6‐nitro‐(2‐quinolinyl)]‐3,10‐diazabicyclo‐[4.3.1]‐decane ([11C‐methyl]NS 2495) and first in vivo results (2003)

Abstract The serotonin transporter ligand (±)‐10‐[ 11 C]‐methyl 3‐[6‐nitro‐(2‐quinolinyl)]‐3,10‐diazabicyclo‐[4.3.1]‐decane ([ 11 C‐methyl]NS 2495) was synthesized via a methylation reaction with [ 11 C]methyl iodide. The radiochemical purity exceeded 99% and the specific radioactivity was found to be 1.8 GBq/μmol at 40 min after the end of bombardment. The uptake of the tracer in the brain of a living pig was recorded by positron emission tomography (PET), first in a baseline condition, and again after treatment with citalopram (1 mg/kg, i.v.) to displace the specific binding. The distribution volume relative to the metabolism‐corrected arterial input was high in pig brain, ranging from 75–150 ml g −1 ; treatment with citalopram uniformly reduced the distribution volume to 75 ml g −1 . Binding potential ( pB ) maps generated using the cerebellum as a reference tissue showed highest binding in the mesencephalon and cingulate cortex, where the magnitude of pB was close to 0.6. Thus, the pattern of binding in vivo agrees with the known pattern of serotonin innervations in pig brain. However, the specific binding was incompletely displaced by pre‐treatment with citalopram. Thus, [ 11 C‐methyl]NS 2495 can label serotonin transporters in a PET study of the brain of a living pig, but full displacement by cold citalopram was not obtained in vivo , possibly reflecting binding sites which are inaccessible to citalopram. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Engagement of descending inhibition from the rostral ventromedial medulla protects against chronic neuropathic pain (2011)

A puzzling observation is why peripheral nerve injury results in chronic pain in some, but not all, patients. We explored potential mechanisms that may prevent the expression of chronic pain. Sprague Dawley (SD) or Holtzman (HZ) rats showed no differences in baseline sensory thresholds or responses to inflammatory stimuli. However, spinal nerve ligation (SNL)-induced tactile allodynia occurred in approximately 85% of SD and 50% of HZ rats, respectively. No apparent differences were observed in a survey of dorsal root ganglion or spinal neuropathic markers after SNL regardless of allodynic phenotype. SNL-induced allodynia was reversed by administration of lidocaine within the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), a site that integrates descending pain modulation via pain inhibitory (ie, OFF) and excitatory (ie, ON) cells. However, in SD or HZ rats with SNL but without allodynia, RVM lidocaine precipitated allodynia. Additionally, RVM lidocaine produced conditioned place preference in allodynic SD or HZ rats but conditioned place aversion in nonallodynic HZ rats. Similarly, RVM U69,593 (kappa opioid agonist) or blockade of spinal α(2) adrenergic receptors precipitated allodynia in previously nonallodynic HZ rats with SNL. All rats showed an equivalent first-phase formalin responses. However, HZ rats had reduced second-phase formalin behaviors along with fewer RVM OFF cell pauses and RVM ON cell bursts. Thus, expression of nerve injury-induced pain may ultimately depend on descending modulation. Engagement of descending inhibition protects in the transition from acute to chronic pain. These unexpected findings might provide a mechanistic explanation for medications that engage descending inhibition or mimic its consequences.
Recombinant Adeno-Associated Virus Integration Sites in Murine Liver After Ornithine Transcarbamylase Gene Correction (2013)

Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have been tested in humans and other large mammals without adverse events. However, one study of mucopolysaccharidosis VII correction in mice showed repeated integration of rAAV in cells from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the Dlk1-Dio3 locus, suggesting possible insertional mutagenesis. In contrast, another study found no association of rAAV integration with HCC, raising questions about the generality of associations between liver transformation and integration at Dlk1-Dio3. Here we report that in rAAV-treated ornithine transcarbamylase (Otc)-deficient mice, four examples of integration sites in Dlk1-Dio3 could be detected in specimens from liver nodule/tumors, confirming previous studies of rAAV integration in the Dlk1-Dio3 locus in the setting of another murine model of metabolic disease. In one case, the integrated vector was verified to be present at about one copy per cell, consistent with clonal expansion. Another verified integration site in liver nodule/tumor tissue near the Tax1bp1 gene was also detected at about one copy per cell. The Dlk1-Dio3 region has also been implicated in human HCC and so warrants careful monitoring in ongoing human clinical trials with rAAV vectors.
Stereospecific intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an o-quinone methide (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction of an o-quinone methideJohn J. TalleyCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 10, 1695–1699Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00210a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00210a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views994Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Data from Whole-body PET Imaging of T-cell Response to Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;AbstractPurpose:&lt;p&gt;Immunotherapy is a promising approach for many oncological malignancies, including glioblastoma, however, there are currently no available tools or biomarkers to accurately assess whole-body immune responses in patients with glioblastoma treated with immunotherapy. Here, the utility of OX40, a costimulatory molecule mainly expressed on activated effector T cells known to play an important role in eliminating cancer cells, was evaluated as a PET imaging biomarker to quantify and track response to immunotherapy.&lt;/p&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;p&gt;A subcutaneous vaccination approach of CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, OX40 mAb, and tumor lysate at a remote site in a murine orthotopic glioma model was developed to induce activation of T cells distantly while monitoring their distribution in stimulated lymphoid organs with respect to observed therapeutic effects. To detect OX40-positive T cells, we utilized our in-house–developed &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-DFO-OX40 mAb and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; PET/CT imaging.&lt;/p&gt;Results:&lt;p&gt;ImmunoPET with &lt;sup&gt;89&lt;/sup&gt;Zr-DFO-OX40 mAb revealed strong OX40-positive responses with high specificity, not only in the nearest lymph node from vaccinated area (mean, 20.8%ID/cc) but also in the spleen (16.7%ID/cc) and the tumor draining lymph node (11.4%ID/cc). When the tumor was small (&lt;10&lt;sup&gt;6&lt;/sup&gt; p/sec/cm&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/sr in bioluminescence imaging), a high number of responders and percentage shrinkage in tumor signal was indicated after only a single cycle of vaccination.&lt;/p&gt;Conclusions:&lt;p&gt;The results highlight the promise of clinically translating cancer vaccination as a potential glioma therapy, as well as the benefits of monitoring efficacy of these treatments using immunoPET imaging of T-cell activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Achieving Artificial General Intelligence Through Peewee Granularity (2009)

The general intelligence of any autonomous system must in large part be measured by its ability to automatically learn new skills and integrate these with prior skills. Cognitive architectures addressing these topics are few and far between -possibly because of their difficulty. We argue that architectures capable of diverse skill acquisition and integration, and real-time management of these, require an approach of modularization that goes well beyond the current practices, leading to a class of architectures we refer to as peewee-granule systems. The building blocks (modules) in such systems have simple operational semantics and result in architectures that are heterogeneous at the cognitive level but homogeneous at the computational level.