gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precision Matters in MR Imaging–targeted Prostate Biopsies: Evidence from a Prospective Study of Cognitive and Elastic Fusion Registration Transrectal Biopsies (2018)

Purpose To measure the precision in placement of a biopsy needle in a magnetic resonance (MR) imaging-detected target with transrectal ultrasonography (US), to document the clinical relevance of precision, and to report on the precision of cognitive and software-based registrations. Materials and Methods This prospective study was approved by the institutional review board and performed between June 2013 and September 2013. Patients provided informed verbal consent. Two cores each were obtained with cognitive and fusion techniques in 88 patients with a Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 1 score of at least 3. Precision was measured with Euclidian geometry by using the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine archives of the biopsy as the distance from the core to the center (dCC) and the distance from the core to the surface of the target modeled as a sphere. To address clustering of data from multiple cores in the same patients, analyses of precision focused on the best shot for a patient or a technique. The Welch unequal variance t test and Yates corrected χ<sup>2</sup> test were used as appropriate. Results Mean precision was 2.5 mm (95% confidence interval: 1.8 mm, 3.3 mm). Positive cores were closer to the center than were negative cores (dCC: 1.7 mm vs 3.1 mm, respectively; P = .025). More cancers were detected with on-target than off-target cores (33 of 71 cores [46.5%] vs three of 17 cores [17.6%]; P = .03). Cores obtained with the fusion technique achieved a higher precision than did cores obtained with the cognitive technique (dCC: 2.8 mm vs 7.1 mm, respectively; P < .0001). Targeted cores demonstrated cancer in 44 patients. Fewer cancers were detected with the cognitive technique than with the fusion technique (31 of 44 patients [70.5%] vs 40 of 44 patients [90.9%]; P = .03). Conclusion A deformable MR imaging/transrectal US image registration system achieved a higher precision and depicted cancer in more patients than did the cognitive freehand technique. <sup>©</sup> RSNA, 2018.
Optimal Repair ofa2-Component Series-System withPartially Repairable Components (1985)

man.Theup-times ofthecomponents ares-independent r.v.'s withexponential distributions. Thetimerequired torepair afailed component is repaired, totheotherfailed component. However, sucha thesumofanumberofs-independent, exponential r.v.'s. Componentsreassignment wouldrequire special instructions forthe canbepartially repaired, andaworking component canfail evenwhilerepairman andatimepenalty could beassessed eachtimeit thesystem asawhole isnotfunctioning. Theanalysis finds repairman isdone.Two casesarestudied. allocation policies whichmaximize thesystem availability. Underthe 1.Thereisnopenalty, thatis,reassignments areinassumption thatitispermissible toreassign therepairman instantaneouslyamongfailed components, theexplicit formofoptimal policies isob- stantaneous. Theoptimal policy isfirst tocomplete allbut tained. And,theoptimal policies arecharacterized whenthetime forsuchonestages ofrepair onbothcomponents, reassigning the areassignment isallowed tobeanexponential r.v. repairman asnecessary, andthentocomplete thelast stage ofrepair inapredetermined order based onlyonthevalues oftherepair andfailure rates. 2.A penalty ofarandomamountoftime, whichis
Calcium signals recorded from cut frog twitch fibers containing antipyrylazo III. (1987)

The Ca indicator antipyrylazo III was introduced into cut frog twitch fibers by diffusion (Maylie, J., M. Irving, N. L. Sizto, and W. K. Chandler. 1987. Journal of General Physiology. 89:41-81). Like arsenazo III, antipyrylazo III was largely bound to or sequestered by intracellular constituents; on average, a fraction 0.68 was so immobilized. After action potential stimulation, there was an early change in absorbance, with a wavelength dependence that nearly matched a cuvette Ca-difference spectrum. As with arsenazo III, this signal became prolonged as experiments progressed. In a freshly prepared cut fiber containing 0.3 mM indicator, the absorbance change had an average half-width of 10 ms at 18 degrees C. The peak amplitude of this Ca signal depended on the indicator concentration in a roughly parabolic manner, which is consistent with a 1:2 stoichiometry for Ca:indicator complexation and, for indicator concentrations less than or equal to 0.4 mM, constant peak free [Ca]. If all the antipyrylazo III inside a fiber can react normally with Ca, peak free [Ca] is 3 microM at 18 degrees C. If only freely diffusible indicator can react, the estimate is 42 microM. The true amplitude probably lies somewhere in between. The time course of Ca binding to intracellular buffers and of Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum is estimated from the 3- and 42-microM myoplasmic [Ca] transients. After action potential stimulation, the release waveform is rapid and brief; its latency after the surface action potential is 2-3 ms and its half-width is 2-4 ms. This requires rapid coupling between the action potential in the transverse tubular system and Ca release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The peak fractional occupancy calculated for Ca-regulatory sites on troponin is 0.46 for the 3-microM transient and 0.93 for the 42-microM transient. During a 100-ms tetanus at 100 Hz, the corresponding fractional occupancies are 0.56 and 0.94. The low value of occupancy associated with the low-amplitude [Ca] calibration seems inconsistent with a brief tetanus being able to produce near-maximal activation (Blinks, J. R., R. Rudel, and S. R. Taylor. 1978. Journal of Physiology. 277:291-323; Lopez J. R., L. A. Wanck, and S. R. Taylor. 1981. Science. 214:47-82).
Characterization of the Cytoprotective Action of Peroxynitrite Decomposition Catalysts (1998)

The formation of the powerful oxidant peroxynitrite (PN) from the reaction of superoxide anion with nitric oxide has been shown to be a kinetically favored reaction contributing to cellular injury and death at sites of tissue inflammation. The PN molecule is highly reactive causing lipid peroxidation as well as nitration of both free and protein-bound tyrosine. We present evidence for the pharmacological manipulation of PN with decomposition catalysts capable of converting it to nitrate. In target cells challenged with exogenously added synthetic PN, a series of metalloporphyrin catalysts (5,10,15,20-tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethyl-3, 3-disulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTMPS); 5,10,15, 20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTPPS); 5,10, 15,20-tetrakis(N-methyl-4'-pyridyl)porphyrinato iron (III) (FeTMPyP)) provided protection against PN-mediated injury with EC50 values for each compound 30-50-fold below the final concentration of PN added. Cytoprotection was correlated with a reduction in the level of measurable nitrotyrosine. In addition, we found our catalysts to be cytoprotective against endogenously generated PN in endotoxin-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells as well as in dissociated cultures of hippocampal neurons and glia that had been exposed to cytokines. Our studies thus provide compelling evidence for the involvement of peroxynitrite in cytokine-mediated cellular injury and suggest the therapeutic potential of PN decomposition catalysts in reducing cellular damage at sites of inflammation.
IVF affects embryonic development in a sex-biased manner in mice (2016)

Increasing evidence indicates that IVF (IVF includes in vitro fertilization and culture) embryos and babies are associated with a series of health complications, and some of them show sex-dimorphic patterns. Therefore, we hypothesized that IVF procedures have sex-biased or even sex-specific effects on embryonic and fetal development. Here, we demonstrate that IVF-induced side effects show significant sexual dimorphic patterns from the pre-implantation to the prenatal stage. During the pre-implantation stage, female IVF embryos appear to be more vulnerable to IVF-induced effects, including an increased percentage of apoptosis (7.22 ± 1.94 vs 0.71 ± 0.76, P<0.01), and dysregulated expression of representative sex-dimorphic genes (Xist, Hprt, Pgk1 and Hsp70). During the mid-gestation stage, IVF males had a higher survival rate than IVF females at E13.5 (male:female=1.33:1), accompanied with a female-biased pregnancy loss. In addition, while both IVF males and females had reduced placental vasculogenesis/angiogenesis, the compensatory placental overgrowth was more evident in IVF males. During the late-gestation period, IVF fetuses had a higher sex ratio (male:female=1.48:1) at E19.5, and both male and female IVF placentas showed overgrowth. After birth, IVF males grew faster than their in vivo (IVO) counterparts, while IVF females showed a similar growth pattern with IVO females. The present study provides a new insight into understanding IVF-induced health complications during embryonic and fetal development. By understanding and minimizing these sex-biased effects of the IVF process, the health of IVF-conceived babies may be improved in the future.
The Utilization of Forced Aerobic Exercise to Augment the Recovery of Motor Function Following Stroke: A Randomized Clinical Trial (P2.016) (2014)

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of forced aerobic exercise (FE) on the recovery of motor and non-motor function in individuals with sensorimotor deficits following stroke. BACKGROUND: The benefits of intensive aerobic exercise on brain health has been documented in individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD), dementia, and to a limited extent, stroke. In our previous work in individuals with PD, we developed a forced exercise (FE) paradigm on a stationary bicycle to augment the voluntary efforts of patients, allowing them to achieve and maintain a rate of exercise thought to elicit neurophysiological changes in the brain resulting in improvements in motor and non-motor functioning. Neuroimaging using fMRI and fcMRI demonstrated increased cortical activity and functional connectivity comparable to changes seen with medication, suggesting that medication and FE likely use the same pathways to produce improvements in motor function in patients with PD. The neurophysiological effects of FE may create an optimal environment in the brain for neuroplasticity in stroke patients, and serve to prime the CNS, optimizing functional recovery elicited through repetitive task practice (RTP). DESIGN/METHODS: Individuals 6-12 months following stroke were enrolled in this rater-blind, randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized to one of the following dose-matched intervention groups: 1)FE coupled with RTP; 2)Voluntary-rate aerobic exercise coupled with RTP; or 3)RTP only. Outcome measures included the Wolf Motor Function Test (WMFT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA), Nine-hole peg test, VO2max, Six-minute walk test, Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and Stroke Impact Scale (SIS). RESULTS: Preliminary findings reveal improvements in WMFT, FMA, SIS, CES-D scores in all three intervention groups and improvements in aerobic capacity for both groups participating in the aerobic exercise intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with chronic stroke can safely participate in intensive aerobic exercise. FE is a novel and efficacious intervention that can improve cardiovascular health and may augment the recovery of UE motor function post-stroke.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis, from D‐Xylose, of Chiral, Ring‐Contracted 1D‐myo‐Inositol 1,4,5‐Trisphosphate and 1,3,4,5‐Tetrakisphosphate Analogues with C‐2 Excised. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Patterning ∼20nm half-pitch lines on silicon using a self-assembled organosilicate etch mask (2006)

Lines of ∼20nm half-pitch were generated on silicon surface using a self-assembled organosilicate nanostructure. A mixture of a poly(styrene-b-ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO) with an organosilicate precursor that is selectively miscible with PEO was used to create lamellar phase whose orientation was controlled perpendicular to the surface by tuning the surface energy of substrates. Thermal cross-linking of the organosilicate precursor followed by thermal decomposition of the PS-b-PEO leaves a robust organosilicate line pattern of sublithographic length scales on the surface. Line patterns on silicon substrate were created by transferring this self-assembled pattern into the underlying silicon substrate using anisotropic plasma etching.
Reliability, repeatability, and reproducibility of pulmonary transit time assessment by contrast enhanced echocardiography (2015)

PTT estimation using CEUS shows a high inter- and intra-rater reliability, repeatability at three different doses, and reproducibility by ROI drawing. This makes the minimally invasive PTT measurement using contrast echocardiography ready for clinical evaluation in patients with heart failure and for preload estimation.
Content connections : Student views on the use of print versus online digital course content (2007)

Content connections : Student views on the use of print versus online digital course content
Fisher-Information-Matrix Based Analysis of Semiblind MIMO Frequency Selective Channel Estimation (2011)

We present a study of semiblind (SB) estimation for a frequency-selective (FS) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) wireless channel using a novel Fisher-information matrix (FIM) based approach. The frequency selective MIMO system is modeled as a matrix finite impulse response (FIR) channel, and the transmitted data symbols comprise of a sequence of pilot symbols followed by the unknown blind symbols. It is demonstrated that the FIM for this system can be expressed as the sum of the blind FIM J b and pilot FIM J p . We present a key result relating the rank of the FIM to the number of blindly identifiable parameters. We then present a novel maximum-likelihood (ML) scheme for the semiblind estimation of the MIMO FIR channel. We derive the Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for the semiblind scheme. It is observed that the semi-blind MSE of estimation of the MIMO FIR channel is potentially much lower compared to an exclusively pilot-based scheme. Finally, we derive a lower bound for the minimum number of pilot symbols necessary for the estimation of an FIR MIMO channel for any general semi-blind scheme. Simulation results are presented to augment the above analysis.
Photocatalytic lithography with atomic layer deposited TiO2 films to tailor biointerface properties (2020)

In this article, the use of thin, photocatalytically active TiO2 films deposited using atomic layer deposition (ALD) and a conventional lithography mask are explored for the fabrication of a patterned biointerface. Hereto, a pattern of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) with different functional groups is created using ALD TiO2 films, anatase-rich as-deposited, with a thickness of 20 nm and a short UV exposure time of 5 min. More specifically, azido-containing SAMs are locally removed upon UV exposure ( = 308 nm) and the created gaps are filled with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) SAM, hereby creating a surface with areas for the selective coupling of biomolecules via the azide groups and antifouling areas due to the presence of the PEG. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach, fluorescent-labeled antibodies are immobilized on the well-defined patterns with a resolution in the mu m range.
Long‐term disease control in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma after suspension of lenalidomide therapy (2013)

There are no systematic data regarding nonmaintained induction for those patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who do not receive consolidative autologous stem cell transplantation. Of 173 patients with newly diagnosed MM treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone (LenDex) as primary therapy, 31 patients had their lenalidomide discontinued for reasons other than progression or alternate therapy. Median progression free survival (PFS) from the time of discontinuing lenalidomide was longer in patients who received lenalidomide ≥ 1 year (39 vs. 13 months, P < 0.05); there was no difference in PFS for those treated for 1-2 years as compared to ≥ 2 years. Among those taking lenalidomide for ≥ 1 year PFS was superior in patients who were in very good partial response (VGPR) or better as compared to those with partial response (48.4 versus 14.8 months, P < 0.05). All patients who progressed and were rechallenged with LenDex responded. These analyses illustrate that discontinuation of lenalidomide after 1 year among those patients achieving a ≥VGPR can result in long-term disease control.
Linearly-Polarized, Narrow-Linewidth, High-Power, 1150-nm Yb-Doped Silica Fiber MOPA for Frequency Doubling to the Yellow (2007)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text S. Sinha, K. E. Urbanek, M. J. F. Digonnet, and R. L. Byer, "Linearly-Polarized, Narrow-Linewidth, High-Power, 1150-nm Yb-Doped Silica Fiber MOPA for Frequency Doubling to the Yellow," in Advanced Solid-State Photonics, OSA Technical Digest Series (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2007), paper MD3. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Novel TFET circuits for high-performance energy-efficient heterogeneous MOSFET/TFET logic (2017)

TFET's steep subthreshold slope and asymmetric I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> -V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> characteristics enable energy-efficiency and novel circuits that are not possible with MOSFETs. Logic with low-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> and memory with low-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MIN</inf> are required and possible with TFET. To increase performance despite low-V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</inf> , circuits and logic are re-designed for TFET's unique I–V characteristics. Asymmetric I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> -V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</inf> improves circuit design. Efficiency gains from transistor steep-slope enable heterogeneous MOSFET-TFET logic re-design for higher clock rate and greater parallelization.
Mass Spectral Characterization of Lipooligosaccharides fromHaemophilus influenzae2019 (2000)

Lipooligosaccharide (LOS) glycoforms from Haemophilus influenzae 2019 were profiled using the high-resolution and accurate mass capabilities of Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) mass spectrometry. Sequence and linkage for two previously unknown LOS glycoforms were subsequently obtained through MSn analyses on FT-ICR and quadrupole ion trap (qIT) instruments. MSn analysis of negative ion precursors confirmed structural details within the lipid moiety, while CID spectra of sodiated precursor ions provided monosaccharide sequence and linkage for the oligosaccharide portion of the molecule. Results obtained in this study indicate that extensive heterogeneity exists within the oligosaccharide moieties in LOS from H. influenzae 2019. More importantly, the data suggest that additional hexose moieties, which are added onto the LOS, are not simple extensions of one particular core structure but rather that structural isomers with different connectivities are present within the heterogeneous mixture.
TABLE 5 from Phase I Trial of Autologous RNA-electroporated cMET-directed CAR T Cells Administered Intravenously in Patients with Melanoma and Breast Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;IHC analysis of paired tumor tissue&lt;/p&gt;
Case 36-1996 (1996)

Case Records of the Massachusetts General Hospital from The New England Journal of Medicine — Case 36-1996 — A 37-Year-Old Man with AIDS, Neurologic Deterioration, and Multiple Hemorrhagic Cerebral Lesions
Rate-Splitting Multiple Access for Downlink Multiuser MIMO: Precoder Optimization and PHY-Layer Design (2021)

Rate-Splitting Multiple Access (RSMA) has recently appeared as a powerful and robust multiple access and interference management strategy for downlink Multi-user (MU) multi-antenna communications. In this work, we study the precoder design problem for RSMA scheme in downlink MU systems with both perfect and imperfect Channel State Information at the Transmitter (CSIT) and assess the role and benefits of transmitting multiple common streams. Unlike existing works which have considered single-antenna receivers (Multiple-Input Single-Output–MISO), we propose and extend the RSMA framework for multi-antenna receivers (Multiple-Input Multiple-Output–MIMO) and formulate the precoder optimization problem with the aim of maximizing the Weighted Ergodic Sum-Rate (WESR). Precoder optimization is solved using Sample Average Approximation (SAA) together with the proposed vectorization and Weighted Minimum Mean Square Error (WMMSE) based approach. Achievable sum-Degree of Freedom (DoF) of RSMA is derived for the proposed framework as an increasing function of the number of transmitted common and private streams, which is further validated by the Ergodic Sum Rate (ESR) performance using Monte Carlo simulations. Conventional MU–MIMO based on linear precoders and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) schemes are considered as baselines. Numerical results show that with imperfect CSIT, the sum-DoF and ESR performance of RSMA is superior to those of the two baselines, and is increasing with the number of transmitted common streams. Moreover, by better managing the interference, RSMA not only has significant ESR gains over baseline schemes but is more robust to CSIT inaccuracies, network loads and user deployments.
Characterization of Protective Mucosal and Systemic Immune Responses Elicited by Pneumococcal Surface Protein PspA and PspC Nasal Vaccines against a Respiratory Pneumococcal Challenge in Mice (2009)

Pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA) and PspC are virulence factors that are involved in the adhesion of Streptococcus pneumoniae to epithelial cells and/or evasion from the immune system. Here, the immune responses induced by mucosal vaccines composed of both antigens as recombinant proteins or delivered by Lactobacillus casei were evaluated. None of the PspC vaccines protected mice against an invasive challenge with pneumococcal strain ATCC 6303. On the other hand, protection was observed for immunization with vaccines composed of PspA from clade 5 (PspA5 or L. casei expressing PspA5) through the intranasal route. The protective response was distinguished by a Th1 profile with high levels of immunoglobulin G2a production, efficient complement deposition, release of proinflammatory cytokines, and infiltration of neutrophils. Intranasal immunization with PspA5 elicited the highest level of protection, characterized by increased levels of secretion of interleukin-17 and gamma interferon by lung and spleen cells, respectively, and low levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha in the respiratory tract.