gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-mode frequency multiplier in graphene-base hot electron transistor (2023)

Since quantum computers have been gradually introduced in countries around the world, the development of the many related quantum components that can operate independently of temperature has become more important for enabling mature products with low power dissipation and high efficiency. As an alternative to studying cryo-CMOSs (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductors) to achieve this goal, quantum tunneling devices based on 2D materials can be examined instead. In this work, a vertical graphene-based quantum tunneling transistor has been used as a frequency modulator. The transistor can operate <i>via</i> different quantum tunneling mechanisms and generates, by applying the appropriate bias, voltage-resistance curves characteristic of variable nonlinear resistance for both base and emitter voltages. We experimentally demonstrate frequency modulation from input signals over the range of 100 kHz to 10 MHz, enabling a tunable frequency doubler or tripler in just a single transistor. This frequency multiplication with a tunneling mechanism makes the graphene-based tunneling device a promising option for frequency electronics in the emerging field of quantum technologies.
Increasing Prevalence of Antinuclear Antibodies in the United States (2022)

The prevalence of ANA in the US has increased considerably in recent years. Additional studies to determine factors underlying these increases in ANA prevalence could elucidate causes of autoimmunity and enable the development of preventative measures.
Mechanistic Studies of Film Growth of Zirconium Bis(phosphonate) Mono- and Multilayer Thin Films. These Things Grow Darned Flat! (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanistic Studies of Film Growth of Zirconium Bis(phosphonate) Mono- and Multilayer Thin Films. These Things Grow Darned Flat!Houston Byrd, Jonathan L. Snover, and Mark E. ThompsonCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 11, 4449–4453Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00011a044https://doi.org/10.1021/la00011a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Prevalence and Types of Glaucoma in Malay People: The Singapore Malay Eye Study (2008)

The prevalence of glaucoma among Malay persons 40 years of age and older in Singapore is 3.4%, comparable to ethnic Chinese people in Singapore and other racial/ethnic groups in Asia. As in Chinese, Caucasians, and African people, primary open-angle glaucoma was the main form of glaucoma in this population. More than 90% of glaucoma cases were previously undetected.
Single‐Round, Multiplexed Antibody Mimetic Design through mRNA Display (2012)

Nur ein Durchlauf: Die Antikörpermimetika-Herstellung mit der mRNA-Display-Methode in einem einzigen Durchlauf wird durch Kombination eines magnetischen Trennverfahrens (CFMS) zur hocheffektiven Anreicherung mit einem analytischen Sequenzierungsverfahren möglich. Dieser Ansatz umgeht iterative Selektionszyklen und liefert einen Weg zur vollautomatisierten Ligandengenerierung (siehe Bild).
Ion-Exchange and Apparent Diffusion Coefficients Within Cationic Polysulfonium Coatings Containing Ferricyanide (2003)

A cationic polyelectrolyte of various poly(arylenesulfonium salt)s were coated on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes with an incorporated ferricyanide anion from the electrolyte solutions. The apparent diffusion coefficients of that are electrostatically bound were determined by chronoamperometry, chronocoulometry and mediated electron transfer from the rotating disk voltammetry. The complex incorporated by the S-cationic polyelectrolyte shows a high diffusion coefficient for the polyelectrolyte of poly(methylsufonio-1,4-phenylenethio-1,4-phenylene trifluoromethanesulfonate). The diffusion of poly(arylenesulfonio triflate) depended on the ionic exchange of the S-cation which has an alkyl bond and the crystalline structure that influenced the electrostatic motion of the anion within the polyelectrolyte modified electrode.
An engineered monomer binding-protein for α-synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils (2019)

Removing or preventing the formation of [Formula: see text]-synuclein aggregates is a plausible strategy against Parkinson's disease. To this end, we have engineered the [Formula: see text]-wrapin AS69 to bind monomeric [Formula: see text]-synuclein with high affinity. In cultured cells, AS69 reduced the self-interaction of [Formula: see text]-synuclein and formation of visible [Formula: see text]-synuclein aggregates. In flies, AS69 reduced [Formula: see text]-synuclein aggregates and the locomotor deficit resulting from [Formula: see text]-synuclein expression in neuronal cells. In biophysical experiments in vitro, AS69 highly sub-stoichiometrically inhibited both primary and autocatalytic secondary nucleation processes, even in the presence of a large excess of monomer. We present evidence that the AS69-[Formula: see text]-synuclein complex, rather than the free AS69, is the inhibitory species responsible for sub-stoichiometric inhibition of secondary nucleation. These results represent a new paradigm that high affinity monomer binders can lead to strongly sub-stoichiometric inhibition of nucleation processes.
Novel inter- and intra-molecular donor-stabilized 1-metalla-2-sila-1,3-dienes (1996)

The synthesis of the inter- and intra-molecular donor-stabilized 1-metalla-2-sila-1,3-dienes Cl(H2CCH)SiMLn·OP(NMe2)3[MLn= Fe(CO)4 3a, Cr(CO)5 3b], Ph(PhHCCH)SiFe(CO)4·OP(NMe2)3 3c and (C6H4CH2NMe2-2)(H2CCH)Si MLn[MLn= Fe(CO)4 6a, Cr(CO)5 6b] is described; the X-ray structures of compounds 3c and 6b are reported.
Very high-gain two-wave mixing in BaTiO_3 with a self-bent pump beam (1995)

We propose a two-wave mixing interaction between a self-bent pump beam and a signal beam in a BaTiO3 crystal. This new configuration exhibits two-wave mixing gain values as high as Gsat = 1.5 × 105, corresponding to an enhancement of 40× in comparison with a conventional two-wave mixing geometry. Application to coherent image amplification with such a high gain combined with a very good signal-to-noise ratio is demonstrated.
Studies on the first described Alzheimer's disease amyloid β mutant, the Dutch variant (2006)

Amyloid protein deposited in cerebral vessel walls and diffuse plaques of patients with hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis, Dutch type (HCHWA-D), is similar to the 40-42 residues amyloid beta (Abeta) in vessel walls and senile plaques in brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Down's syndrome, and familial and sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). In 1990 we sequenced the amyloid beta-protein precursor (AbetaPP) gene from HCHWA-D patients revealing a single mutation that results in an amino acid substitution, Abeta E22Q. Subsequent identification of additional mutations in the AbetaPP gene in familial AD (FAD) pedigrees revealed that whereas substitutions in the middle of Abeta, residues Abeta21-23, are predominantly vasculotropic, those found amino- or carboxyl-terminal to the Abeta sequence within AbetaPP enhance amyloid parenchymal plaque deposition. Studies of transfected cells showed that substitutions amino- or carboxyl-terminal to Abeta lead to either greater Abeta production or to enhanced secretion of the more hydrophobic thus more fibrillogenic Abeta1-42. Substitutions in the center of Abeta facilitate rapid aggregation and fibrillization, slower clearance across the blood-brain barrier and perivascular drainage to the systemic circulation, possibly higher resistance to proteolysis, and enhanced toxicity towards endothelial and smooth muscle cells. However, most AD patients have no genetic defects in AbetaPP, indicating that other factors may alter Abeta production, conformation, and/or clearance initiating the disease process.
Searching social networks (2003)

A referral system is a multiagent system whose member agents are capable of giving and following referrals. The specific cases of interest arise where each agent has a user. The agents cooperate by giving and taking referrals so each can better help its user locate relevant information. This use of referrals mimics human interactions and can potentially lead to greater effectiveness and efficiency than in single-agent systems.Existing approaches consider what referrals may be given and treat the referring process simply as path search in a static graph. By contrast, the present approach understands referrals as arising in and influencing dynamic social networks, where the agents act autonomously based on local knowledge. This paper studies strategies using which agents may search dynamic social networks. It evaluates the proposed approach empirically for a community of AI scientists (partially derived from bibliographic data). Further, it presents a prototype system that assists users in finding other users in practical social networks.
Observer Performance with Varying Radiation Dose and Reconstruction Methods for Detection of Hepatic Metastases (2018)

Purpose To estimate the ability of lower dose levels and iterative reconstruction (IR) to display hepatic metastases that can be detected by radiologists. Materials and Methods Projection data from 83 contrast agent-enhanced CT examinations were collected. Metastases were defined by histopathologic analysis or progression and regression. Lower radiation dose configurations were reconstructed at five dose levels with filtered back projection (FBP) and IR (automatic exposure control settings: 80, 100, 120, 160, and 200 quality reference mAs [QRM]). Three abdominal radiologists circumscribed metastases, indicating confidence (confidence range, 0-100) and image quality. Noninferiority was assessed by using jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic (JAFROC) analysis (noninferiority limit, -0.10) and reader agreement rules, which required identification of metastases identified at routine dose, and no nonlesion localizations in patients negative for metastases, in 71 or more patient CT examinations (of 83), for each configuration. Results There were 123 hepatic metastases (mean size, 1.4 cm; median volume CT dose index and size-specific dose estimate, 11.0 and 13.4 mGy, respectively). By using JAFROC figure of merit, 100 QRM FBP did not meet noninferiority criteria and had estimated performance difference from routine dose of -0.08 (95% confidence interval: -0.11, -0.04). Preset reader agreement rules were not met for 100 QRM IR or 80 QRM IR, but were met for doses 120 QRM or higher (ie, size-specific dose estimate ≥ 8.0 mGy). IR improved image quality (P < .05) but not reader performance. Other than 160 QRM IR, lower dose levels were associated with reduced confidence in metastasis detection (P < .001). Conclusion For detection of hepatic metastases by using contrast-enhanced CT, dose levels that corresponded to 120 quality reference mAs (size-specific dose estimate, 8.0 mGy) and higher performed similarly to 200 quality reference mAs with filtered back projection. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
Immunoglobulin and T‐Cell Receptor Gene Rearrangement Analysis for Diagnosis of Hematologic Malignancies (2012)

Lymphoid malignancies (acute and chronic lymphoid leukemias and non-Hodgkin lymphomas) can be considered as the malignant counterparts of B and T lymphocytes or their precursors. During the early phases of differentiation, B and T lymphocytes undergo gene rearrangement processes in the genes encoding the immunoglobulin and T-cell receptor (TCR) molecules to create a diverse repertoire of antigen receptors. Consequently, lymphoid malignancies also contain such immunoglobulin/TCR gene rearrangements. In the first part of this chapter basic aspects of the V(D)J recombination process in the immunoglobulin/TCR genes are reviewed. Next several applications of immunoglobulin/TCR gene analysis in the diagnostic work-up of lymphoid malignancies are discussed. These include clonality testing (confirmation of the clonal character of lymphoid malignancies), determination of somatic hypermutation in IGH genes, the detection of specific translocations that involve the immunoglobulin/TCR loci for prognostic subclassification, and monitoring of minimal residual disease employing immunoglobulin/TCR rearrangements as patient-specific PCR-targets for assessment of treatment effectiveness.
Adaptive sampling-based motion planning with a non-conservatively defensive strategy for autonomous driving (2020)

Abstract Sampling-based motion planning methods are widely adopted in autonomous driving. Typically, sampling can be decoupled into two layers: a path sampling layer and a speed profile sampling layer. For the path sampling layer, traditional methods tend to sample with a uniform distribution over the whole feasible space, which might cause either computational inefficiency or poor performance if the sampling resolution is not set appropriately. To solve this problem, we propose an adaptive path sampling approach that samples from a time-varying distribution depending on the dynamic environment and potential costs of the ego vehicle. Such sampling strategy is then combined with a non-conservatively defensive strategy in the speed sampling layer to generate a set of safe but not overcautious trajectories. The proposed motion planning framework is tested both in simulation and a real autonomous vehicle in a roundabout scenario. The results demonstrate that it can efficiently generate non-conservative but defensive trajectories to safely drive the vehicles in dynamic environments full of uncertainties.
The first IA-64 microprocessor (2000)

The first implementation of the IA-64 architecture achieves high performance by using a highly parallel execution core, while maintaining binary compatibility with the IA-32 instruction set. Explicitly parallel instruction computing (EPIC) design maximizes performance through hardware and software synergy. The processor contains 25.4 million transistors and operates at 800 MHz. The chip is fabricated in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process with six metal layers and packaged in a 1012-pad organic land grid array using C4 (flip chip) assembly technology. A core speed back-side bus connects the processor to a 4-MB L3 cache.
Knowledge-assisted product requirements configurator (2013)

Producing timely and customer oriented products is a key determinant for the success of any product-based business. Product requirement elicitation and configuration practices therefore play a major role in taking products to market efficiently. Knowledge of the existing generic product is crucially important while creating its variants. In this paper, we discuss an ontological representation of product primitives for a knowledge-assisted requirements configurator and illustrate its use for a financial product suite.
Synthesis of Optically ActiveProstaglandin-J2and 15-Deoxy-Δ12,14-prosta-glandin-J2 (2003)

An efficient route to optically pure prostaglandin-J2 compounds has been discovered: ent-PGJ2 is shown to display anti-viral activity against Sendai virus with a similar potency to the natural enantiomer.
Initial results of using in-process testing metrics to estimate software reliability (2004)

Demand for quality in software applications has grown, and awareness of software testing-related issues plays an important role in that. Unfortunately, in industrial practice, information on field reliability of a product tends to become available too late in the software development process to affordably guide corrective actions. An important step towards remediation of this problem lies in the ability to provide an early estimation of software reliability. This paper presents a suite of in-process metrics that leverages the software testing effort to provide (1) an assessment of potential software field reliability in early software development phases, (2) an intuitive, color-coded, feedback to the developers on the quality of their testing effort, and (3) the identification of software elements that may be fault-prone. A structured experiment conducted at North Carolina State University indicates that our approach is promising. Further studies, predominantly with industrial projects, are being conducted.
Abstract 8416: Clinical Predictors of Short- and Long-Term Mortality Among Patients with Cardiovascular Implantable Electronic Device Infection (2011)

Device infection is associated with increased mortality in cardiovascular implantable electronic device (CIED) recipients. However, published data regarding clinical predictors of mortality in patients with CIED infection are limited. In current investigation, we sought to identify patient and device-related factors associated with mortality in CIED infection cases. We performed a retrospective review of all cases of CIED infection admitted to Mayo Clinic Rochester from 1991 to 2008. Survival data were obtained from hospital medical records and United Sates Social Security Index. Key data regarding patient demographics, device features, comorbid conditions, clinical presentation, echocardiographic findings and management strategies were abstracted. Potential risk factors for short (30-day) and long-term mortality were analyzed using univariate and multivariable logistic and Cox proportional hazards regression models, respectively. 415 cases of CIED infection were identified from the institutional database. The mean duration of follow-up for the 243 patients who were alive at last follow-up was 6.9 years. In multivariable model, congestive heart failure (CHF, Odds ratio 9.31, 95% CI 2.08-41.67), chronic corticosteroid use (OR 4.04, 1.40-11.60) and presentation with CIED-related infective endocarditis (CIED-IE), (OR 5.6, 2.25-13.92) were associated with increased odds of short-term mortality. Independent predictors of long-term mortality on multivariable model included patients' age (hazard ratio for 10-year increase 1.2, 95% CI 1.06-1.36), CHF (HR 2.01, 1.42-2.86), metastatic malignancy (HR 5.99, 1.67-21.53), corticosteroid use (HR 1.97, 1.22-3.18), renal failure (HR 1.94, 1.37-2.74) and CIED-IE (HR 1.68, 1.17-2.41). Our investigation provides some novel insights into predictors of short- and long-term mortality in CIED infection cases. While comorbid conditions and immunocompromised host status were primary determinants of both short- and long-term mortality, complicated device infection (CIED-IE) is the only predictor that presents an opportunity for intervention where mortality may be reduced by early diagnosis and expedited device removal.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF CARBON‐CARBON BONDS WITH RADICALS DERIVED FROM THE ESTERS OF THIOHYDROXAMIC ACIDS (1984)

Abstract Aus den Thiohydroxamsäureestern (I) bzw. (IV) erhält man unter Eliminierung von Kohlendioxid Radikale (III), die in verschiedener Weise umgesetzt werden.
A tolerability study of a cremophor free, nanoparticle albumin bound paclitaxel intravenously administered in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumor (2005)

5571 Background: Capxol (ABI-007, Abraxane) is an albumin-bound, nanoparticle form of paclitaxel with an improved therapeutic index that may be related to biological interactions with endogenous albumin receptors (eg, gp60) and binding proteins (eg, SPARC). This phase I study evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose limiting toxicities of Capxol administered intravenously in Chinese patients with advanced solid tumors to provide the recommended dose for further trials. Methods: Capxol at dose levels from 135 up to 350 mg/m2 every 3-weeks was administered intravenously over 30 minutes, without premedication. Results: 22 patients (6 breast, 5 NSCLC, 5 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), 3 rectum/colon, 1 each esophageal, stomach and synovial sarcoma) were treated with a total of 94 cycles of Capxol. No acute hypersensitivity reactions were observed during the infusion or on the 1st day post dosing. The treatment was tolerated well. Most of AEs (95%) were grade 1/2. The most common toxicities were mild leucopenia and peripheral sensory neuropathy. The dose-limiting toxicities, which occurred at dose level of 350 mg/m2, were grade 4 neutropenia (1 out of 3 patients) and grade 3 diplopia (1 out of 3 patients). The MTD was determined to be 300 mg/m2. Among 21 patients who were evaluable for efficacy, 1 CR and 7 PR were observed (38%; 95% CI: 17.3% - 58.9%). 3 of 5 pts with NPC had responses lasting 25, 18 and 13+ weeks. Conclusions: As in the U.S. Phase I trial, in Chinese patients the MTD of Capxol was 300 mg/m2 given without premedication over 30 minutes. Additional trials of Capxol are planned in Chinese patients with breast cancer and NSCLC. Antitumor activity in NPC seen in this study and known SPARC over-expression in head and neck tumors (Chin et al: Int J Cancer. 2004) warrant further evaluation in these tumors. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration American BioScience
Trabecular Surface Remodeling Simulation for Cancellous Bone Using Microstructural Voxel Finite Element Models (2001)

A computational simulation method for three-dimensional trabecular surface remodeling was proposed, using voxel finite element models of cancellous bone, and was applied to the experimental data. In the simulation, the trabecular microstructure was modeled based on digital images, and its morphological changes due to surface movement at the trabecular level were directly expressed by removing/adding the voxel elements from/to the trabecular surface. A remodeling simulation at the single trabecular level under uniaxial compressive loading demonstrated smooth morphological changes even though the trabeculae were modeled with discrete voxel elements. Moreover, the trabecular axis rotated toward the loading direction with increasing stiffness, simulating functional adaptation to the applied load. In the remodeling simulation at the trabecular structural level, a cancellous bone cube was modeled using a digital image obtained by microcomputed tomography (microCT), and was uniaxially compressed. As a result, the apparent stiffness against the applied load increased by remodeling, in which the trabeculae reoriented to the loading direction. In addition, changes in the structural indices of the trabecular architecture coincided qualitatively with previously published experimental observations. Through these studies, it was demonstrated that the newly proposed voxel simulation technique enables us to simulate the trabecular surface remodeling and to compare the results obtained using this technique with the in vivo experimental data in the investigation of the adaptive bone remodeling phenomenon.