gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Should Ensemble Members Be Calibrated? (2021)

Underlying the use of statistical approaches for a wide range of applications is the assumption that the probabilities obtained from a statistical model are representative of the "true" probability that event, or outcome, will occur. Unfortunately, for modern deep neural networks this is not the case, they are often observed to be poorly calibrated. Additionally, these deep learning approaches make use of large numbers of model parameters, motivating the use of Bayesian, or ensemble approximation, approaches to handle issues with parameter estimation. This paper explores the application of calibration schemes to deep ensembles from both a theoretical perspective and empirically on a standard image classification task, CIFAR-100. The underlying theoretical requirements for calibration, and associated calibration criteria, are first described. It is shown that well calibrated ensemble members will not necessarily yield a well calibrated ensemble prediction, and if the ensemble prediction is well calibrated its performance cannot exceed that of the average performance of the calibrated ensemble members. On CIFAR-100 the impact of calibration for ensemble prediction, and associated calibration is evaluated. Additionally the situation where multiple different topologies are combined together is discussed.
Novel Pyridylmethylamines as Highly Selective 5-HT1ASuperagonists (2010)

To further improve the maximal serotonergic efficacy and better understand the configurational requirements for 5-HT(1A) binding and activation, we generated and biologically investigated structural variants of the lead structure befiradol. For a bioisosteric replacement of the 3-chloro-4-fluoro moiety, a focused library of 63 compounds by solution phase parallel synthesis was developed. Target binding of our compound collection was investigated, and their affinities for 5-HT(2), α(1), and α(2)-adrenergic as well as D(1)-D(4) dopamine receptors were compared. For particularly interesting test compounds, intrinsic activities at 5-HT(1A) were examined in vitro employing a GTPγS assay. The investigation guided us to highly selective 5HT(1A) superagonists. The benzothiophene-3-carboxamide 8bt revealed almost exclusive 5HT(1A) recognition with a K(i) value of 2.7 nM and a maximal efficacy of 124%. To get insights into the bioactive conformation of our compound collection, we synthesized conformationally constrained bicyclic scaffolds when SAR data indicated a chair-type geometry and an equatorially dispositioned aminomethyl substituent for the 4,4-disubstituted piperidine moiety.
Technology innovation in developing the structural health monitoring system for Guangzhou New TV Tower (2009)

The Guangzhou New TV Tower (GNTVT), currently being constructed in Guangzhou, China, is a supertall structure with a height of 610 m. This tube-in-tube structure comprises a reinforced concrete inner tube and a steel outer tube adopting concrete-filled-tube columns. A sophisticated structural health monitoring (SHM) system consisting of over 600 sensors has been designed and is being implemented by The Hong Kong Polytechnic University to GNTVT for both in-construction and in-service real-time monitoring. This paper outlines the technology innovation in developing and implementing this SHM system, which includes (i) modular design of the SHM system, (ii) integration of the in-construction monitoring system and the in-service monitoring system, (iii) wireless-based data acquisition and Internet-based remote data transmission, (iv) design and implementation of a fiber Bragg grating sensing system,(v) structural health and condition assessment using static and dynamic monitoring data, (vi) verification of the effectiveness of vibration control devices by the SHM system, and (vii) development of an SHM benchmark problem by taking GNTVT as a test bed and using real-world measurement data. Preliminary monitoring data including those obtained during the Wenchuan earthquake and recent typhoons are also presented. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Large coercivity and low-temperature magnetic reorientation in ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (2005)

A large coercive field, HC=20kOe, is obtained at room temperature in ε-Fe2O3 nanoparticles embedded in a silica matrix, produced by sol-gel chemistry. The combination of a relatively high magnetic anisotropy together with the small saturation magnetization are responsible for this large HC. Upon cooling, a strong reduction of HC is observed at T∼100K, which is accompanied by a drastic reduction of the squareness ratio MR∕MS. Neutron-diffraction measurements reveal the existence of a low-temperature magnetic transition to which the softening of this material can be ascribed.
Unconstrained Person Identification from Ceiling Using Multiview Learning for Tabletop Users (2017)

A novel unconstrained person identification method is presented in this paper. This method is for tabletop systems which exist not only in daily life but also in working environments such as offices and factories. Recent state-of-the-art ubicomp, computer-vision, and CSCW studies have tried to recognize a user's activities and actions on a table using a ceiling-mounted device that overlooks the table, since we can install the ceiling-mounted device in an environment with limited space such as daily life environments and factory environments. Instead of conventional unconstrained person identification methods, such as face identification, we focus on a user's soft biometrics that can be captured from the ceiling such as the shoulder length, shape of the head, and posture of the back to achieve unconstrained person identification by using a ceiling-mounted depth camera. We achieve robust person identification by combining the soft biometrics within a framework of multiview learning. Multiview learning allows us to deal effectively with data consisting of features from multiple sources with different data distributions, i.e., multiple soft biometrics in our case. Our experimental evaluation revealed that our proposed method achieved high identification accuracy of about 94%.
180°/α° combined phase shifter (2003)

Strip line phase shifters are key devices widely used in phased array antenna application. To avoid the grating-lobes through a wide range of scanning angle, the element spacing in the array should be less than about /spl lambda//2. In order to arrange all of the phase shifters in the phased array antenna on a single plane, each phase shifter should be as compact as possible. The digital phase shifter composed of cascaded several bit elements (180/spl deg/, 90/spl deg/, 45/spl deg/, 22.5/spl deg/...), is widely used for phased array application. We propose 180/spl deg///spl alpha//spl deg/ combined phase shifter, which consists of 180/spl deg/ switched-line section and arbitrary angle (/spl alpha//spl deg/) loaded-line section. This proposed phase shifter operates as a 2-bit phase shifter, and has both physical and electrical advantages, i.e., its compact size and small phase shift deviation. This paper presents the basic configuration of the proposed phase shifter, and also presents an example of the characteristics in the case of a /spl alpha//spl deg/=45/spl deg/ calculated by the method of moment.
Multiplex pure rotational coherent anti‐stokes Raman spectroscopy in a molecular beam (1990)

Abstract Pure rotational coherent anti‐Stokes Raman spectroscopy using a single broad‐band dye laser was applied to study the rotational energy distribution of molecules in a pulsed supersonic beam. The multiplex BOXCARS configuration allows the accurate determination of rotational constants and rotational temperatures, and offers many advantages over other methods. The technique was applied to calibrate the cooling effect of a pulsed molecular beam of nitrogen and to study the rotational energy distributions of infrared multiphoton‐excited ethylene.
Design and characterization of porous poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) scaffolds for cartilage repair (2023)

Abstract Synthetic polymeric scaffolds play an important role in establishing the microenvironment for chondrocytes in engineered cartilage. A three-dimensional pore network allows cell accommodation and supports extracellular matrix (ECM) production by chondrocytes. Ligand coating and biomechanical properties of scaffolds guide regeneration of functional cartilage by mediating cell attachment and establishing the local strain environment. Poly(glycerol-dodecanedioate) (PGD) is a novel biodegradable elastomer with nonlinear-elastic properties similar to native cartilage. However, its harsh curing environments limit the feasibility of common strategies for pore creation in polymeric scaffolds. Herein, we developed porous PGD (pPGD) scaffolds with tailorable pore structures using an inverse molding method and evaluated the range of scaffold structural parameters achievable and their subsequent mechanical properties. The influence of coating PGD with various ECM ligands on the cell shape, metabolic activity, and ECM production of human articular chondrocytes (hACs) was evaluated. pPGD scaffolds were created with pore sizes ranging from 250 – 1000 μm, resulting in 20 – 50% porosity. The morphology and metabolic activity of hACs on PGD were regulated by the type of ligand coating used. When compared to tissue culture plastic, PGD enhanced ECM production in monolayer cultures. Finite element analysis showed that the tensile strains that developed on the pores’ surfaces were at levels shown to be anabolic for hACs. The predicted strain profile varied with pore size and porosity under load, demonstrating that the pore structural parameters could be tuned to optimize cellular-level strains. These results suggest that pPGD scaffolds have the potential to guide cartilage regeneration. Statement of Significance Previous studies have established the importance of designing pore geometry and surface properties in engineered cartilage tissue constructs. This work reports the development and assessment of pPGD scaffolds with tunable pore and surface parameters for cartilage regeneration. The cellular-level strain that cells may experience inside the pores was influenced by the scaffolds’ pore geometry. Ligand coating on PGD balanced out the less ideal properties of the material itself and regulated the shape, attachment, metabolic activity, and ECM production of hACs during in vitro culture. These findings highlight how intelligent design of scaffold parameters can optimize chondrocyte function during 3D culture by tuning ligand presentation and cellular-level strain profiles.
Radioimmunoimaging of lung vessels: an approach using indium-111-labeled monoclonal antibody to angiotensin-converting enzyme. (1989)

A murine monoclonal antibody against human angiotensin-converting enzyme was radiolabeled with 111In via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid without substantial loss of antigen-binding capacity. This monoclonal antibody designated 9B9 cross-reacted with rat and monkey angiotensin-converting enzyme. Indium-111-labeled 9B9 selectively accumulated 10-20 times greater in the lung than in blood or other organs following intravenous administration in rats. Kinetics of lung accumulation and blood clearance were studied for 111In-9B9-antibody and compared to that of 125I-labeled 9B9 in rat. Highly specific accumulation of 111In-9B9-antibody in the lung of Macaca Rhesus monkeys after intravenous injection was monitored by gamma-imaging. Images of 111In-labeled antibody 9B9 biodistribution in monkey lung noticeably differ from the images of biodistribution of 99mTc-labeled albumin microspheres. This difference may provide information concerning the state of the endothelium of lung capillaries, which is different from the blood flow characteristics determined with routine microsphere technique.
Recognition of emotions in interactive voice response systems (2003)

speech metadata analysis, emotion recognition, interactive voice response systems This paper reports emotion recognition results from speech signals, with particular focus on extracting emotion features from the short utterances typical of Interactive Voice Response (IVR) applications.We focus on distinguishing anger versus neutral speech, which is salient to call center applications.We report on classification of other types of emotions such as sadness, boredom, happy, and cold anger.We compare results from using neural networks, Support Vector Machines (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbors, and decision trees.We use a database from the Linguistic Data Consortium at University of Pennsylvania, which is recorded by 8 actors expressing 15 emotions.Results indicate that hot anger and neutral utterances can be distinguished with over 90% accuracy.We show results from recognizing other emotions.We also illustrate which emotions can be clustered together using the selected prosodic features.
Forward problem solution for electrical conductivity imaging via contactless measurements (1999)

The forward problem of a new medical imaging system is analysed in this study. This system uses magnetic excitation to induce currents inside a conductive body and measures the magnetic fields of the induced currents. The forward problem, that is determining induced currents in the conductive body and their magnetic fields, is formulated. For a general solution of the forward problem, the finite element method (FEM) is employed to evaluate the scalar potential distribution. Thus, inhomogeneity and anisotropy of conductivity is taken into account for the FEM solutions. An analytical solution for the scalar potential is derived for homogeneous conductive spherical objects in order to test FEM solutions. It is observed that the peak error in FEM solutions is less than 2%. The numerical system is used to reveal the characteristics of the measurement system via simulations. Currents are induced in a 9x9x5 cm body of conductivity 0.2 S m(-1) by circular coils driven sinusoidally. It is found that a 1 cm shift in the perturbation depth reduces the field magnitudes to approximately one-tenth. In addition, the distance between extrema increases. Further simulations carried out using different coil configurations revealed the performance of the method and provided a design perspective for a possible data acquisition system.
Improving the Spatial Resolution of Neutron Imaging at Paul Scherrer Institut – The Neutron Microscope Project (2015)

Here we present results stemming from the first prototype of the Neutron Microscope instrument at Paul ScherrerInstitut (PSI). The instrument is based on a very thin gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S:Tb+) scintillator screen and a magnifying optics. The Neutron Microscope prototype has been tested at the ICON and the BOA beamlines at PSI and sub-10 μm features can be clearly resolved on a focussed ion beam (FIB) enhance test object – a gadolinium-based Siemens star. The spatial resolution of the images of the gadolinium-based Siemensstar assessed by Fourier ring correlation was about 7.6 μm. The outlook for future improvement of the Neutron Microscope system is presented.
Cross layer image optimization (CLIO) for wireless video transmission over 802.11ad multi-gigabit channels (2017)

Wireless display is known to be the future of display technology where a world full of inexpensive displays is used for streaming various multimedia applications. Due to the stringent requirements for high quality video transmission with low latency, a cross layer approach is needed to adapt to fast changes of the wireless link. Here, we consider cross layer approaches over IEEE 802.11ad multi-gigabit wireless networks to increase QoS guarantee for real time multimedia applications. This includes dynamic layering or partitioning on top of IEEE 802.11ad to switch among a set of procedures/parameters in the transmitter and receiver, including error correction technique, compression, or packetization on a packet by packet basis. We propose a layered-based compression designed for an unequal error protection for treating ordered bit streams of different layers differently. Dynamic importance aware tagging for packets is proposed as the third method. IEEE 802.11ad MAC and transport layer protocols and signaling are modified to adapt for importance levels and corresponding information exchange.
Practically Deployable and Effectively Single-Mode All-Solid Photonic Bandgap Fibre with an Effective Area of 1028 μm2 (2012)

Effective area limit for a practically deployable and effectively single-mode all-solid photonic bandgap fibre is investigated. 1028-µm2 effective area and 0.09 dB/m bending loss at 20-cm bending radius are achieved in a fabricated fibre.
Advancing Critical Chemical Processes for a Sustainable Future: Challenges for Industry and the Max Planck–Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis (FUNCAT) (2022)

Catalysis is involved in around 85 % of manufacturing industry and contributes an estimated 25 % to the global domestic product, with the majority of the processes relying on heterogeneous catalysis. Despite the importance in different global segments, the fundamental understanding of heterogeneously catalysed processes lags substantially behind that achieved in other fields. The newly established Max Planck-Cardiff Centre on the Fundamentals of Heterogeneous Catalysis (FUNCAT) targets innovative concepts that could contribute to the scientific developments needed in the research field to achieve net zero greenhouse gas emissions in the chemical industries. This Viewpoint Article presents some of our research activities and visions on the current and future challenges of heterogeneous catalysis regarding green industry and the circular economy by focusing explicitly on critical processes. Namely, hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, and carbon dioxide reduction, along with new aspects of acetylene chemistry.
Immunotoxin and Taxol synergy results from a decrease in shed mesothelin levels in the extracellular space of tumors (2007)

Recombinant immunotoxins are chimeric proteins composed of the Fv portion of a tumor-specific antibody fused to a toxin. SS1P (CAT-5001) is an immunotoxin composed of an antimesothelin Fv fused to a 38-kDa portion of Pseudomonas exotoxin A. Immunotoxins have been shown to be active in lymphomas and leukemias, but are much less active against solid tumors. We recently reported that Taxol and other chemotherapeutic agents show striking synergistic antitumor activity in mice when immunotoxin SS1P, which targets the mesothelin antigen on solid tumors, is given with Taxol. Using a pair of Taxol-sensitive and Taxol-resistant KB tumors equally sensitive to immunotoxin SS1P, we examined the mechanism of synergy. We show that synergy is only observed with Taxol-sensitive tumors, ruling out an effect of Taxol on endothelial cells. We also show that the KB tumors have high levels of shed mesothelin in their extracellular space; these levels increase with tumor size and, after Taxol treatment, dramatically fall in the drug-sensitive but not the drug-resistant tumors. Because the mesothelin levels in the tumor exceed the levels of SS1P in the tumor, and because shed mesothelin is being continuously released into the circulation at a high rate, we propose that synergy is due to the Taxol-induced fall in shed antigen levels.
<title>Comparative study of wavelet and discrete cosine transform (DCT) decompositions with equivalent quantization and encoding strategies for medical images</title> (1995)

Wavelet-based image compression is receiving significant attention, largely because of its potential for good image quality at low bit rates. In medical applications, low bit rate coding may not be the primary concern, and it is not obvious that wavelet techniques are significantly superior to more established techniques at higher quality levels. In this work we present a straightforward comparison between a wavelet decomposition and the well-known discrete cosine transform decomposition (as used in the JPEG compression standard), using comparable quantization and encoding strategies to isolate fundamental differences between the two methods. Our focus is on the compression of single-frame, monochrome images taken from several common modalities (chest and bone x-rays and mammograms).
Visualization of the electrical activity of the cauda equina using a magnetospinography system in healthy subjects (2018)

MSG has the potential to be a novel and noninvasive functional examination for lumbar spinal disease.
HCV core immunodominant region analysis using mouse monoclonal antibodies and human sera: Characterization of major epitopes useful for antigen detection (1998)

Monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were generated by immunizing mice with a truncated recombinant protein corresponding to the immunodominant region (residues 1-120) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) nucleocapsid protein. The specific recognition by either human sera or mouse monoclonal antibodies of overlapping peptides spanning the core region 1-120 as well as the comparison with epitopes described earlier allowed the fine mapping of HCV core. Within the region 1-120, the major antigenic domain could be restricted to the first 45 amino acids. Indeed, the peptide S42G (residues 2-45) allowed the detection of an anti-HCV core response by all anticore-positive human sera examined. According to their epitope localization, three groups of mouse MABs could be evidenced that were directed against different regions of core. Group II MAbs recognized a strictly linear epitope (QDVKF, residues 20-24), whereas group I MABs were directed against a conformational epitope mainly located at the amino acid residues (QIVGG, 29-33). The epitope of group III MABs was also conformational (PRGRRQPI, residues 58-65). These three epitopes appeared close but different from the three major human epitopes RKTKRNTN, VYLLPR, and GRTWAQPGYPWPLY (residues 7-17, 34-39, and 73-86, respectively). Group II MAB 7G12A8 and group I MAB 19D9D6 were used in a sandwich ELISA for the capture and the detection, respectively, of viral core antigen in sera of patients with chronic HCV infection. After treatment of sera with triton x 100 in acidic conditions, amounts of viral antigen as low as 20 pg/ml of sera could be detected.