gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of Dynamic Bandwidth Re-allocation in Optical Interconnects using Microring Resonators (2007)

Dynamic bandwidth re-allocation (DBR) technique balances traffic by re-allocating bandwidth from under utilized links to over utilized links. This results in significant improvement in overall throughput and latency. In previous study, passive optical devices, namely arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs) and couplers were used to implement DBR [2]. Although the performance was significantly improved, the design was cost prohibitive since it required n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> number of lasers per board (where n is the number of transmitters per board). In this paper we propose the implementation of DBR using silicon on insulator (SOI) based microring resonators. We call this technique row-column switch implementation. The proposed active implementation reduces the number of required lasers by a factor of n without any degradation in performance. Analytical and simulation studies were conducted to compare the passive implementation of DBR with the proposed active approach. This comparison included area, power consumption, throughput, power loss (dB), power-delay product and area-delay product. Results show that the proposed active switch provides throughput and latency similar to the passive implementation of DBR while dramatically improving cost by a factor of n. There is a slight increase in power consumption (0.4% for the worst case traffic) using the active switch implementation.
Substituted 1,8-Naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones as Selective Phosphodiesterase IV Inhibitors. (1994)

New substituted 1,8-naphthyridin-2(1H)-ones have been found to exhibit highly selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) IV inhibition. These compounds inhibited polymorphonuclear leukocyte activation induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine and caused relaxation of isolated guinea pig trachea precontracted by histamine or leukotriene D4. In anesthetized guinea pigs, presensitized with the antigen, these compounds also alleviated airway constriction induced by the antigen. Since these compounds differ in their chemical structure compared with theophylline and other PDE IV inhibitors so far reported and some of them have been shown to be well tolerated in acute toxicity studies, they will provide a new tool for investigating the possible relationship between PDE IV inhibition and anti-asthmatic activity.
Electrochemical study of the nitroxyl radical derivatives built in the π‐conjugated poly(phenylenevinylene) skeleton (1995)

Abstract The electrochemical oxidation and reduction of the stable neutral nitroxyl radical gave the oxoaminium salt and hydroxylamine or nitroxyl anion, respectively. The electrochemical behavior of the N‐butylnitroxyl radicals or N‐butylhydroxylamines built in to various phenylenevinylene species were discussed in connection with its developed π‐conjugated structure based on cyclic voltammetric measurements. The aromatic nitroxyl radical showed two pairs of oxidation–reduction waves, but the acidic proton (hydroxylamine) changed its cathodic peak to a broad one with a shift to the anodic side. The π‐conjugated poly(phenylenevinylene) backbone and mobile proton of the hydroxylamine unstabilized the nitroxyl radical by retaining the energy gap.
Ultrastructural study of the effect of bleomycin A2 on the nucleolus and its possibly related cytoplasmic constituents in Novikoff hepatoma cells. (1975)

Treatment of Novikoff hepatoma ascites cells with bleomycin A2, in vivo as well as in vitro, in varying doses produced marked alterations in nucleolar and cytoplasmic ultrastructural organization. A series of changes occur including formation of fibrillar centers, fragmentation of fibrillar nucleolar elements, appearance of microspherules, and the loss of fibrillar elements from these nucleoli. A bleomycin concentration of 10 mug/ml in vitro produced an increased number of fibrillar centers with well-defined nucleolonemas. At a concentration of 50 mug/ml, there was an increase in number and fragmentation of these fibrillar centers and many microspherules were found throughout the nucleolus. Approximately one-fourth of the cells contained cytoplasmic fibrillar bodies and amorphous fibrous tufts around the nuclear envelope. At a bleomycin concentration of 100 mug/ml, the nucleoli contained more granular elements and numerous microspherules. Almost 90% of the cells contained cytoplasmic fibrillar bodies. The effects of bleomycin in vivo (10 mg/kg) closely resemble those found in vitro with concentrations of 50 and 100 mug/ml.
Effects of Halide Composition on the Self-Recovery of Photodegraded Cesium Lead Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals: Implications for Photoluminescence Applications (2021)

Photodegraded CsPbBr3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) can exhibit complete self-recovery following storage in the dark. This behavior results from the readsorption of surface ligands that experienced photoinduced desorption under UV light excitation. In the present work, mixed-halide CsPb(Cl0.4Br0.6)3, CsPb(Cl0.2Br0.8)3, and CsPb(Br0.7I0.3)3 NCs were prepared via ion exchange to evaluate the influence of halide composition on the photodegradation and self-recovery of NCs. Partially substituting Cl– for Br– enhanced the photoactivation, which improved the photoluminescence properties by optimizing the adsorption state of the surface ligands during light excitation. In contrast, partially substituting I– for Br– reduced the stability of the cubic crystal structure, thus subjecting the NCs to irreversible degradation (likely including a partial phase transition) and preventing their self-recovery. Cycle tests confirmed the reversibility of the photodegradation/self-recovery of CsPbBr3 NCs; however, this behavior was disturbed by irreversible surface oxidation reactions when the sample was exposed to ambient air. Therefore, it was concluded that ambient air must be excluded to effectively take advantage of the self-recovery phenomenon for practical applications.
MAZE: Data-Free Model Stealing Attack Using Zeroth-Order Gradient Estimation (2021)

High quality Machine Learning (ML) models are often considered valuable intellectual property by companies. Model Stealing (MS) attacks allow an adversary with blackbox access to a ML model to replicate its functionality by training a clone model using the predictions of the target model for different inputs. However, best available existing MS attacks fail to produce a high-accuracy clone without access to the target dataset or a representative dataset necessary to query the target model. In this paper, we show that preventing access to the target dataset is not an adequate defense to protect a model. We propose MAZE – a data-free model stealing attack using zeroth-order gradient estimation that produces high-accuracy clones. In contrast to prior works, MAZE uses only synthetic data created using a generative model to perform MS.Our evaluation with four image classification models shows that MAZE provides a normalized clone accuracy in the range of 0.90× to 0.99×, and outperforms even the recent attacks that rely on partial data (JBDA, clone accuracy 0.13× to 0.69×) and on surrogate data (KnockoffNets, clone accuracy 0.52× to 0.97×). We also study an extension of MAZE in the partial-data setting, and develop MAZE-PD, which generates synthetic data closer to the target distribution. MAZE-PD further improves the clone accuracy (0.97× to 1.0×) and reduces the query budget required for the attack by 2×-24×.
Simplified Extension of Link State PDU (LSP) Space for IS-IS (2009)

simplified method for extending the Link State PDU (LSP) space beyond the 256 LSP limit. This method is intended as a preferred replacement for the method defined in RFC 3786.
A Deeply Pipelined CABAC Decoder for HEVC Supporting Level 6.2 High-tier Applications (2014)

High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) is the latest video coding standard that specifies video resolutions up to 8K Ultra-HD (UHD) at 120 fps to support the next decade of video applications. This results in high-throughput requirements for the context adaptive binary arithmetic coding (CABAC) entropy decoder, which was already a well-known bottleneck in H.264/AVC. To address the throughput challenges, several modifications were made to CABAC during the standardization of HEVC. This work leverages these improvements in the design of a high-throughput HEVC CABAC decoder. It also supports the high-level parallel processing tools introduced by HEVC, including tile and wavefront parallel processing. The proposed design uses a deeply pipelined architecture to achieve a high clock rate. Additional techniques such as the state prefetch logic, latched-based context memory, and separate finite state machines are applied to minimize stall cycles, while multibypass- bin decoding is used to further increase the throughput. The design is implemented in an IBM 45nm SOI process. After place-and-route, its operating frequency reaches 1.6 GHz. The corresponding throughputs achieve up to 1696 and 2314 Mbin/s under common and theoretical worst-case test conditions, respectively. The results show that the design is sufficient to decode in real-time high-tier video bitstreams at level 6.2 (8K UHD at 120 fps), or main-tier bitstreams at level 5.1 (4K UHD at 60 fps) for applications requiring sub-frame latency, such as video conferencing.
Molecular Epidemiologic Studies on North American H9 Avian Influenza Virus Isolates from Waterfowl and Shorebirds (2007)

Because sequence data on H9 avian influenza virus (AIV) from wild birds are currently limited, we set out to determine the sequence of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of H9 viruses circulating in North American waterfowl and shorebirds. In this study, we examined the HA gene from H9 AIV isolated from mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) sampled during 1998 and 1999 in Minnesota and ruddy turnstones (Arenaria interpres) sampled during 2003 in Delaware and New Jersey. At these sites, the H9N2 subtype represented 12% and 4% of the avian influenza isolates from mallards in 1998 and 1999, respectively, and 8% of the AIVs isolated from shorebirds between 2000 and 2002. Sequences from these viruses were compared with sequences from H9 AIV isolated from commercial poultry and aquatic birds from North America, Europe, Asia, and the Middle East: four previously reported and three new clades were observed. Sequence data from the HA gene of North American waterfowl and shorebird isolates generated in this study most closely group with the Eurasian H9 viruses in the Y439 clade. In addition, the HA cleavage site (AASNR/G) and receptor binding site was identical to the representative virus of that group (DK/Hong Kong/Y439/97). Viruses in that clade are commonly found in ducks and chickens in Hong Kong and Korea. Positive evolutionary selection (dNonsynonymous > dSynonymous) was observed for the HA gene among the North American waterfowl and shorebird H9N2 viruses, indicating that the H9N2-type viruses are changing in their natural hosts.
A 192&#x00D7;108 pixel ToF-3D image sensor with single-tap concentric-gate demodulation pixels in 0.13 &#x00B5;m technology (2011)

A single-tap concentric photogate pixel of 28 μm pitch is developed for application to time-of-flight (ToF) three dimension (3D) image sensors. The 198×108 ToF pixel array exhibits demodulation contrast higher than 50% and distance error less than 1%, over 1 to 7 m range using 20MHz modulation of 850 nm light emitting diode (LED) illumination.
Plastic Waste Precursor-Derived Fluorescent Carbon and Construction of Ternary FCs@CuO@TiO2 Hybrid Photocatalyst for Hydrogen Production and Sensing Application (2022)

A sustainable nexus between renewable energy production and plastic abatement is imperative for overall sustainable development. In this regard, this study aims to develop a cheaper and environmentally friendly nexus between plastic waste management, wastewater treatment, and renewable hydrogen production. Fluorescent carbon (FCs) were synthesized from commonly used LDPE (low-density polyethylene) by a facile hydrothermal approach. Optical absorption study revealed an absorption edge around 300 nm and two emission bands at 430 and 470 nm. The morphological analysis showed two different patterns of FCs, a thin sheet with 2D morphology and elongated particles. The sheet-shaped particles are 0.5 μm in size, while as for elongated structures, the size varies from 0.5 to 1 μm. The as-synthesized FCs were used for the detection of metal ions (reference as Cu2+ ions) in water. The fluorescence intensity of FCs versus Cu2+ ions depicts its upright analytical ability with a limit of detection (LOD) reaching 86.5 nM, which is considerably lesser than earlier reported fluorescence probes derived from waste. After the sensing of Cu2+, the as-obtained FCs@Cu2+ was mixed with TiO2 to form a ternary FCs@CuO@TiO2 composite. This ternary composite was utilized for photocatalytic hydrogen production from water under 1.5 AM solar light irradiation. The H2 evolution rate was found to be ~1800 μmolg−1, which is many folds compared to the bare FCs. Moreover, the optimized FCs@CuO@TiO2 ternary composite showed a photocurrent density of ~2.40 mA/cm2 at 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl, in 1 M Na2SO4 solution under the illumination of simulated solar light. The achieved photocurrent density corresponds to the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) efficiency of ~0.95%. The efficiency is due to the fluorescence nature of FCs and the synergistic effect of CuO embedded in TiO2, which enhances the optical absorption of the composite by reaching the bandgap of 2.44 eV, apparently reducing the recombination rate, which was confirmed by optoelectronic, structural, and spectroscopic characterizations.
Control of spatial characteristics of excimer laser radiation by an intracavity controlled mirror (1988)

An experimental study was made of intracavity control of the spatial structure of excimer laser radiation with the aid of a semipassive bimorph mirror.
Ambient optomechanical alignment and pupil metrology for the flight instruments aboard the James Webb Space Telescope (2014)

The James Webb Space Telescope science instruments are in the final stages of being integrated into the Integrated Science Instrument Module (ISIM) element. Each instrument is tied into a common coordinate system through mechanical references that are used for optical alignment and metrology within ISIM after element-level assembly. In addition, a set of ground support equipment (GSE) consisting of large, precisely calibrated, ambient, and cryogenic structures are used as alignment references and gauges during various phases of integration and test (I&amp;T). This GSE, the flight instruments, and ISIM structure feature different types of complimentary metrology targeting. These GSE targets are used to establish and track six degrees of freedom instrument alignment during I&amp;T in the vehicle coordinate system (VCS). This paper describes the optomechanical metrology conducted during science instrument integration and alignment in the Spacecraft Systems Development and Integration Facility (SSDIF) cleanroom at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The measurement of each instrument's ambient entrance pupil location in the telescope coordinate system is discussed. The construction of the database of target locations and the development of metrology uncertainties is also discussed.
The Feasibility of Interference Alignment for Reverse TDD Systems in MIMO Cellular Networks (2014)

The feasibility conditions of interference alignment (IA) are analyzed for reverse TDD systems, i.e., one cell operates as downlink (DL) but the other cell operates as uplink (UL). Under general multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna configurations, a necessary condition and a sufficient condition for one-shot linear IA are established, i.e., linear IA without symbol or time extension. In several example networks, optimal sum degrees of freedom (DoF) is characterized by the derived necessary condition and sufficient condition. For symmetric DoF within each cell, a sufficient condition is established in a more compact expression, which yields the necessary and sufficient condition for a class of symmetric DoF. An iterative construction of transmit and received beamforming vectors is further proposed, which provides a specific beamforming design satisfying one-shot IA. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed IA not only achieve lager DoF but also significantly improve the sum rate in the practical signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime.
Wet Chemical Etching of InP for Cleaning Applications (2013)

A study of the wet chemical etching of InP has been used to develop an oxide formation/oxide dissolution (OFOD) model that allows for ESH acceptable cleaning of InP in both acidic and alkaline solution. Using this approach toxic PH3 formation is prevented and a smooth surface finish is obtained. Mixtures for post-CMP treatment of InP (100) surfaces with a target etch rate of 1–2 nm/min have been proposed. Due to minimal substrate loss, the etch rates were determined by the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Optimal conditions were found for 0.25 M H2O2/1 M HCl and 0.75 M H2O2/1 M H2SO4. After exposing various crystal orientations to these mixtures, it was shown that the largest degree of anisotropy is achieved for H2O2/H2SO4.
Schatzung von Faltungskernen zur Ralkorrektur (2014)

Kurzfassung. Diese Arbeit prund evaluiert einen faltungs- basierten Ansatz zur Schdes Streusignals in REs wird gezeigt, dass aus zwei Aufnahmen derselben Szene ein Abbild des real existierenden Streusignals generiert werden kann. Im Anschluss dar- an wird eine faltungsbasierte Streusignalschunter Verwendung von parametrisierbaren Streustrahlkernen, bestehend aus einer Summe eines kurz- und eines langreichweitigen Gauskerns, diskutiert. Anhand von exemplarischen Phantomaufnahmen wird die Stabilitder Modell- parameter dieser Kerne und deren Abhvon der Objektrotation untersucht. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass es mit diesem Ansatz m¨ ist, robuste Ergebnisse mit einem mittleren Fehler von 13% zu erzielen. Weiterhin wurde festgestellt, dass von den Modellparametern lediglich der kurzreichweitige Gauskern von der Rotation abhist.
AN ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN BRASSICA NAPUS AND BRASSICA JUNCEALINES FROM INTERNATIONAL GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS (2006)

ISHS IV International Symposium on Brassicas and XIV Crucifer Genetics Workshop AN ASSESSMENT OF GENETIC DIVERSITY WITHIN AND BETWEEN BRASSICA NAPUS AND BRASSICA JUNCEALINES FROM INTERNATIONAL GERMPLASM COLLECTIONS
Pozzolanic Activity of Diatomaceous Earth (2010)

Lime–diatomaceous earth cement pastes were fabricated at room temperature starting with a mixture of diatomaceous earth (DE), lime, and water. The cementing phase, associated with the pozzolanic reaction of the diatom skeletons with lime, was identified as calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel using X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The FTIR and NMR results revealed that the C–S–H gel is mainly composed of silica dreierketten in all lime pastes using three different types of DE.
Laser Interference Patterning of Steel Surfaces - Influence on the Frictional Performance under Dry and Lubricated Sliding Conditions (2016)

For many years already, a lot of research groups try to shed light on the origin of friction and to enhance the tribological performance of rubbing surfaces. In this context, the ability to tailor the tribological properties on different scales is of utmost importance. In this work, laser interference patterning is used to produce well-defined surface topographies with line- and cross-like patterns in order to modify the tribological performance under dry and lubricated conditions. Under dry conditions, the frictional behavior of line-like patterned surfaces having a periodicity of 9 μm are investigated using a ball-on-disk tribometer in linear reciprocating sliding mode as a function of the normal load and the relative alignment. Regarding mixed lubrication, the oil film lifetime of cross-like patterns (periodicity of 9 μm) is evaluated using a ball-on-disk tribometer (normal load of 5 N and sliding velocity of 5 cm/s) in rotational sliding mode. The experiments under dry friction demonstrate a significant friction reduction for the line-like surface patterned surfaces, independent on the respective alignment. Dependent on the used normal load, differences in the frictional behavior are observed. For the cross-like patterns under mixed lubrication, an increase of the oil film lifetime by a factor of 56 is achieved.
Super resolution method adapted to spatial contrast (2013)

In this paper we present an effective method for super resolution (SR). The proposed method is inspired by the Non-Local Means (NLM) algorithm but shows a lot of improvements over it. Firstly, we show the sensitivity to the standard deviation parameter of the NLM algorithm in detail regions that has low contrast. This analysis leads to an improvement of the NLM algorithm by selecting the best neighbors for each pixel in the SR image to be reconstructed. Secondly, this novel selection of neighbors is combined with a segmentation step in order to build a SR framework that can be spatially adapted to contrast. The proposed method allows reconstruction of SR images that conserves low-contrast detail while ensuring noise canceling.
Design and evaluation of miniaturized high numerical aperture and large field-of-view microscope objectives with reduced field curvature (2023)

Microbiological imaging in compact and integrated devices allows for a variety of applications such as endomicroscopy or neuroscience. Typically, such devices require a large field-of-view with a high resolution to visualize cellular details and a high light collection efficiency to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and reduce exposure times. Thus, high numerical apertures are required. Miniature objectives with a numerical aperture of 0.7, a field-of-view diameter of 264 µm in the sample plane and color correction for a wide spectral range (450 nm - 900 nm) are offered by the company GRINTECH GmbH. However, while these accept curved sample fields as a degree of freedom, many demanding applications in the area of endo- and point-of-care-microscopy desire a field as flat as possible. In the scope of this work a broad optical design study was conducted to minimize the optical curvature of the object field. After having worked out 16 design approaches, the three best designs were shortlisted and investigated considering optical and mechanical design tolerances. The best as-built design was chosen and prototypes made of 6 lenses were manufactured. The diameter of the mounted objective is 2.2 mm with a total length of 13 mm. The performance of the novel micro system was experimentally evaluated by means of a confocal laser-scanning-microscope.