gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phylogenetic Analysis of Methanogens in Sheep Rumen Ecosystem and Detection ofMethanomicrobium mobileby FluorescenceIn SituHybridization (2000)

The population of methanogens in the sheep rumen microbial ecosystem was studied by using 16S rDNA cloning analysis, epifluorescence microscopy (which detects autofluorescence of a specific cofactor F420 in methanogens) and the 16S rRNA-targeted in situ hybridization technique. The 16S rDNA clone libraries were constructed by PCR amplification with an Archaea-specific primer set and partial sequencing of the clonal 16S rDNAs was done. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the clones were affiliated with Methanomicrobium ruminantium and mobile, Methanobrevibacter smithii. Epifluorescence microscopy (F420 autofluorescence) and in situ hybridization by using a newly designed M. mobile-specific 16S rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probe found that methanogens accounted for approximately 3.6% of total ruminal microorganisms and approximately 54% of the total methanogens were M. mobile.
Development of Design Guidance for K-12 Schools from 30% to 50% Energy Savings: Preprint (2008)

This paper describes the development of energy efficiency recommendations for achieving 30% whole-building energy savings in K-12 schools over levels achieved by following the ANSI/ASHRAE/IESNA Standard 90.1. These design recommendations look at building envelope, fenestration, lighting systems (including electrical lights and daylighting), HVAC systems, building automation and controls, outside air treatment, and service water heating.
Color filters for reflective display with wide viewing angle and high reflectivity based on metal dielectric multilayer (2012)

We report high performance reflective color filters based on one-dimensional metal-dielectric multilayer. Wide viewing angle of ±50°, far beyond that with conventional all-dielectric multilayers, is achieved while maintaining approximately 100% peak reflectance and color reproducibility. Reflectance of 40% in white mode and color gamut of 47% to the United States National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) standard is demonstrated. The proposed color filter is integrated into 3.5-in. color reflective display and shows 30% increase in brightness than conventional dye color filters.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Conformational Properties of the M(4‐6)(5‐7) Bicyclic Tetrapeptide (I) Common to the Vancomycin Antibiotics. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Clinical characteristics of mutation carriers in a large family with glucokinase diabetes (MODY2) (2005)

These data support the association between carriage of GCK gene mutations, G264S and IVS8+2, and the development of diabetes, impaired fasting glucose and reduced birthweight. Moreover, in heterozygotes, a clear correlation between body mass index and the development of diabetes was observed. These findings underline the need for surveillance and prevention in individuals at risk.
Supplementary Table 1 from Targeting TRAIL Death Receptor 4 with Trivalent DR4 Atrimer Complexes (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 30K, Combining DR4 Atrimer� complexes with TRAIL. Sub-G1 content in HCT116 cells treated with 1G2 (50 ng/mL) or TRAIL (25 ng/mL) for 24 hours (n=2).&lt;/p&gt;
Demonstration of a mid-wavelength infrared narrowband thermal emitter based on GaN/AlGaN quantum wells and a photonic crystal (2017)

We experimentally demonstrate a thermal emitter with a narrow-bandwidth and low background emission, operating in the mid-wavelength infrared (MWIR) range, based on a combination of intersubband transitions in GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells and optical resonance in a photonic crystal slab. The fabricated device exhibits single-peak narrowband thermal emission with a Q factor of 93 at a wavelength of 4.0 μm. Stable operation at high temperatures over 700 °C has been demonstrated owing to the good thermal stability of GaN/AlGaN, which enables the generation of strong peak emission intensity as high as 93 mW/μm/sr/cm2. Such a narrow-band and low-background emitter in the MWIR range has been difficult to realize by metal or heavily doped semiconductor-based emitters due to the broadband emission characteristics of the materials and by GaAs/AlGaAs-based emitters due to the thermal instability of the materials. Our device can be applied to various MWIR applications including CO2 and NOx gas sensing systems.
Know your neighbor: Microbiota and host epithelial cells interact locally to control intestinal function and physiology (2016)

Interactions between the host and its associated microbiota differ spatially and the local cross talk determines organ function and physiology. Animals and their organs are not uniform but contain several functional and cellular compartments and gradients. In the intestinal tract, different parts of the gut carry out different functions, tissue structure varies accordingly, epithelial cells are differentially distributed and gradients exist for several physicochemical parameters such as nutrients, pH, or oxygen. Consequently, the microbiota composition also differs along the length of the gut, but also between lumen and mucosa of the same intestinal segment, and even along the crypt-villus axis in the epithelium. Thus, host-microbiota interactions are highly site-specific and the local cross talk determines intestinal function and physiology. Here we review recent advances in our understanding of site-specific host-microbiota interactions and discuss their functional relevance for host physiology.
Genetic Hypofibrinolysis in Complicated Pregnancies (2001)

In Brief Objective To assess the hypofibrinolytic 4G/4G mutation of the plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) gene as a possible factor contributing to severe preeclampsia, abruptio placentae, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth. Methods We compared 94 women from a previous report who had obstetric complications to 95 controls with normal pregnancies matched for ethnic background and age. We collected blood and extracted DNA after delivery. All subjects had been tested for thrombophilic mutations factor V Leiden, C677T mutation in the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene, and the G20210A mutation in the prothrombin gene. In the present study we tested for the hypofibrinolytic 4G/4G mutation in the PAI-1 gene. Results Women who had obstetric complications were more likely than controls to be 4G/4G homozygotes, 32% (30 of 94) women versus 19% (18 of 95) controls, odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) 2.0 (1.02, 3.9). Mutations in the PAI-1 gene were independently associated with obstetric complications (OR 1.56, 95% CI 1.005, 2.43). Heterozygosity for the factor V Leiden mutation was more common in the 30 women who had PAI-1 4G/4G than in the 18 4G/4G controls (33% versus 0%, Fisher P = .008). Seventy-six percent of women had some form of thrombophilia or hypofibrinolysis compared with 37% of controls (Fisher P < .001). Conclusions Women with severe preeclampsia, abruptio placentae, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth had increased incidence of the hypofibrinolytic 4G/4G mutation of the PAI-1 gene that is frequently associated with the thrombophilic factor V Leiden mutation, further predisposing them to thrombosis. Women with severe preeclampsia, abruptio placentae, fetal growth restriction, and stillbirth have increased incidence of hypofibrinolytic 4G/4G mutation of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 gene, which was frequently associated with the thrombophilic factor V Leiden mutation, predisposing them to thrombosis.
Cryogenic Inorganic Chemistry: A Review of Metal‐Gas Reactions as Studied by Matrix‐Isolation Infrared and Raman Spectroscopic Techniques (1975)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Matrix-Isolation Studies of the Products of Metal/Gas Reactions
Invasion Profiles of Brazilian Field Isolates of Plasmodium falciparum : Phenotypic and Genotypic Analyses (2004)

The invasion of red blood cells (RBCs) by Plasmodium falciparum is dependent on multiple molecular interactions between erythrocyte receptors and parasite ligands. Invasion studies using culture-adapted parasite strains have indicated significant receptor heterogeneity. It is not known whether this heterogeneity reflects the parasite invasion arsenal in the field. We have studied the invasion phenotypes of 14 distinct field isolates from the Legal Amazon areas of Brazil by using erythrocyte invasion assays to investigate invasion into normal, enzyme-treated, and clinical-mutant RBCs. Analysis of these isolates revealed four distinct invasion profiles. Using En(a-) cells to get an unequivocal estimate of the use of glycophorin A (GPA) as a receptor, we found that the 175-kDa erythrocyte-binding antigen (EBA-175)/GPA pathway was used by a minority of the parasite isolates studied. Although polymorphism of region II domains at specific amino acid positions in both EBA-140 and EBA-181 was found in these field isolates, this did not correlate with invasion profiles and thus receptor selectivity. These studies have further confirmed the existence of a significant diversity of invasion pathways in nature and suggest that additional parasite ligands will have to be targeted to devise global vaccines that will work in the field.
Mechanical and Physical properties of chitosan and whey blended with poly(ε-caprolactone) (2002)

Abstract Properties important for packaging were studied on blends of 0-15 wt% poly( l caprolactone) and chitosan and a whey-protein-isolate. The blends were obtained by solution mixing, and films were produced by solvent casting. Transparency was measured by UV/VIS spectroscopy and the printability was qualitatively estimted by using a red ethanol dye. Mechanical properties of solid films and seals were assessed by tensile tests. Stiffness and folding endurence were also measured. The blend morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. It was found that all the blends were transparent. The whey-protein-isolate had the best printability properties and printability remained in the poly( l -caprolactone)-blends. Film stiffness decreased and strain at break increased strongly when the pure chitosan and the pure whey-protein-isolate were wetted. The addition of poly( l -caprolactone) to chitosan and whey-protein-isolate had only a moderate effect on the toughness properties but a strong effect on the modulus which could be predicted by the Halpin-Tsai model. The modulus of the whey-protein-isolate increased and the modulus of the chitosan decreased with the addiion of poly( l -caprolactone). It was found that it was impossible to seal chitosan with a standard heat-pulse sealing technique. The whey-protein-isolate was sealable but the strength of the seals was lower than the intrinsic strength of the pure whey-protein-isolate. The folding endurance properties of chitosan and its blends were far better than those of the whey-protein-isolate and its blends. Keywords: Poly(ε-caprolactone)ChitosanWheyPhysical PropertiesOptical PropertiesBlends
Accuracy and Reliability of the SenseWear™ Armband as an Energy Expenditure Assessment Device (2002)

Consumers and researchers lack an easy-to-use, reliable and cost efficient way to accurately assess physical activity and energy expenditure, a critical component of successful weight management. BodyMedia has addressed this need by developing the SenseWear™ Armband which utilizes a 2 axis-accelerometer, heat flux sensor, galvanic skin response sensor, skin temperature sensor and a near- body ambient temperature sensor to gather data leading to the calculation of energy expenditure. This paper outlines the studies that show how the SenseWear Armband provides very low energy expenditure error rates relative to equipment that is more costly, limiting and difficult to use and how it is a cost efficient and simple solution that can be applied outside the laboratory to track and explore energy expenditure.
Compact 40 Gbit/s demultiplexing receiver basedonintegrated tandem electroabsorption modulators (2000)

A compact 40 Gbit/s demultiplexing receiver based on integrated tandem electroabsorption modulators is described. Error-free operation and a receiver sensitivity of –27 dBm are achieved, while the feasibility of this device as an 80 Gbit/s demultiplexing receiver is reported.
The Blood Brain Barrier — Regulation of Fatty Acid and Drug Transport (2014)

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable cellular boundary between the brain and the peripheral circulation. The principal component of the BBB is the capillary or micro‐ vessel endothelial cell (Figure 1). The endothelial cells in the brain capillaries differ from those in the peripheral vasculature in several key features: 1. Presence of tight junctions (TJ) that limit the paracellular passage of macromolecules. 2. Restricted rate of fluid-phase endocytosis that limits the transcellular passage of macro‐ molecules [1] 3. Presence of specific transporter and carrier molecules [2] 4. Lack of fenestrations [3] 5. Increased mitochondrial content [3]
Data from <i>In Vivo</i> Imaging of Methionine Aminopeptidase II for Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, yet limited tools exist for prognostic risk stratification of the disease. Identification of new biomarkers representing intrinsic features of malignant transformation and development of prognostic imaging technologies are critical for improving treatment decisions and patient survival. In this study, we analyzed radical prostatectomy specimens from 422 patients with localized disease to define the expression pattern of methionine aminopeptidase II (MetAP2), a cytosolic metalloprotease that has been identified as a druggable target in cancer. MetAP2 was highly expressed in 54% of low-grade and 59% of high-grade cancers. Elevated levels of MetAP2 at diagnosis were associated with shorter time to recurrence. Controlled self-assembly of a synthetic small molecule enabled design of the first MetAP2-activated PET imaging tracer for monitoring MetAP2 activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. The nanoparticles assembled upon MetAP2 activation were imaged in single prostate cancer cells with post-click fluorescence labeling. The fluorine-18–labeled tracers successfully differentiated MetAP2 activity in both MetAP2-knockdown and inhibitor-treated human prostate cancer xenografts by micro-PET/CT scanning. This highly sensitive imaging technology may provide a new tool for noninvasive early-risk stratification of prostate cancer and monitoring the therapeutic effect of MetAP2 inhibitors as anticancer drugs.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;This study defines MetAP2 as an early-risk stratifier for molecular imaging of aggressive prostate cancer and describes a MetAP2-activated self-assembly small-molecule PET tracer for imaging MetAP2 activity &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
InGaN laser diodes emitting at 500 nm with p-layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (2015)

We demonstrate hybrid laser diodes by combining n-type layers and an active region grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy with p-type layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy. These p-doped layers, grown at 740 degrees C, exhibit state-of-the-art electrical characteristics and prevent the indium-rich quantum wells from thermal degradation. Narrow ridge-waveguide lasers with high-reflectivity coatings show a threshold current density of 9.7 kA.cm(-2), a threshold voltage of 5.4V, and a lasing wavelength of 501 nm. The internal optical loss and material gain of the epitaxial structures are also measured and discussed. (C) 2015 The Japan Society of Applied Physics.
Genetically Engineered Antigen Specificity in T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy (2010)

Antigen specificity has been genetically conferred to human T cells for therapy through the transfer of sequences encoding antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) or through the antigen-specific antibody-based chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). By either method, the advantage of the adoptive transfer of modified T cells over immunotherapies developed to date such as vaccines or cytokines alone is that T cells have the ability to directly traffic to the site of tumor or infection, to multiply at that site, and to persist in a memory state for months to years.
Surface-Plasmons on Structured Metallic Surfaces: Theoretical Analysis, Applications to Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers and a-SNOM Survey (2008)

We show that periodically structuring the metal cladding in surface-plasmon asymmetric waveguides for semiconductor lasers introduces new modes which exhibit low propagation losses. The onset of these modes is directly related to the conservation of charge in the metallic layer. Counter intuitively, for a 1st-order-grating the electric-field maxima of the low-loss mode are located below the metallic fingers, and not below the air-gaps. Field plots show that the mode is only weakly-bounded to the metal, explaining the loss reduction. We apply these theoretical findings to surface-plasmon quantum-cascade lasers emitting at λ≈7.5 micron. An important current threshold reduction is obtained, together with single-mode operation, thus confirming the theoretical predictions.
Identification of cover songs using information theoretic measures of similarity (2013)

We consider techniques for cover song detection, based on information theoretic notions of compressibility. We propose methods for computing the normalised compression distance (NCD), while accounting for correlation between time series. Secondly, we describe methods based on cross-prediction for estimating compressibility between sequences of continuous-valued features. Using the latter approach, we view the NCD as a statistic of the prediction error. We evaluate the proposed approaches using a data set consisting of 300 Jazz songs. Quantified in terms of mean average precision, the proposed continuous-valued approach outperforms considered quantisation-based approaches.
ChemInform Abstract: A Mild Preparation of Substituted Indolizines and Indole from Simple Aromatic Precursors Using (Trimethylsilyl)diazomethane. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Adenosine A2Breceptors are highly expressed on murine type II alveolar epithelial cells (2009)

The adenosine A(2B) receptor (A(2B)R) has a wide tissue distribution that includes fibroblasts and endothelial and epithelial cells. The recent generation of an A(2B)R(-/-) mouse constructed with a beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) reporter gene under control of the endogenous promoter has provided a valuable tool to quantify A(2B)R promoter activity (29). To determine the sites of expression of the A(2B) receptor in the mouse lung, histological and flow cytometric analysis of beta-gal reporter gene expression in various lung cell populations was performed. The major site of A(2B)R promoter activity was found to be the type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs), identified by coexpression of prosurfactant protein C, with relatively less expression in alveolar macrophages, bronchial epithelial cells, and cells of the vasculature. Highly purified type II AECs were prepared by fluorescence-activated sorting of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP)-positive cells from transgenic mice expressing eGFP under control of the surfactant protein C promoter (21). The type II cells expressed 89-fold higher A(2B)R mRNA than pulmonary leukocytes, and the A(2B)R was shown to be functional, as treatment of purified type II AECs with the nonspecific adenosine receptor agonist 5'-N-ethylcarboxamidoadenosine (NECA) induced an increase in intracellular cAMP greater that the beta-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol that was inhibited completely following treatment by ATL-802, a novel, highly potent (K(i) = 8.6 nM), and selective (>900 fold over other adenosine receptor subtypes) antagonist of the mouse A(2B)R.
Correction to: Use of non-Gaussian time-of-flight kernels for image reconstruction of Monte Carlo simulated data of ultra-fast PET scanners (2022)

Following publication of the original article [1], two typographical errors were found by the authors in formulas 6 of the main text and 19 in the appendix. The original and correct versions of the equations are given below The original article [1] has been corrected.
STUDY OF THE EXCITE TRIPLET STATE OF SENSITIZER IN VIVO (1989)

It is essential to understand the dynamic behavior of the excite triplet state of sensitizer in PDT (Photodynamic Therapy). Usually the Laser Flash Photolysis is used for measuring the triplet state in vitro, but the method for in vivo has not been reported. In this study we developed the system for in vivo measurement of the triplet state. The animal experiments revealed that the life time of HpD and NHpD in vivo is almost coincide with the life time of air saturated HpD and NHpD in vitro.
Testing Altitude Effects on Locomotive Emissions (2004)

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulated that locomotives must comply with emissions regulations from sea level up to 2133 meters (7000 feet) altitude. GE Rail has assembled a mobile emissions test laboratory that can be taken by rail to desired testing locations of varying altitude anywhere in North America. This paper gives an overview of the mobile test laboratory’s make up and locomotive preparation for test. Testing was conducted as part of GE Rail’s development of 21st Century Locomotive. The paper presents test results of altitude effects on GE’s Evolution Series Locomotive including regulated emissions and engine performance. The Evolution Series Locomotive meets EPA Tier 2 locomotive emissions regulations applicable to new locomotives manufactured after January 1, 2005.
FACTORS MODIFYING HOST RESISTANCE TO VIRAL INFECTION (1968)

The resistance of mice to encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus was markedly decreased by prior exposure to whole body X-irradiation. In contrast to non-irradiated controls, the course of EMC virus infection in X-irradiated animals was characterized by (a) an enhanced mortality, (b) shortening of the incubation period, (c) higher levels of virus in the blood during the viremic phase and persistence of the viremia until death, (d) failure to develop detectable serum levels of neutralizing antibody, and (e) the earlier appearance and higher levels of virus in brain and heart tissue. The level of interferon in the serum during the course of infection was similar in both groups. The administration of relatively small quantities of anti-EMC virus neutralizing antibody to X-irradiated mice during the early phases of the infection with EMC virus restored their resistance to levels comparable to nonirradiated animals. An alteration of local organ defense mechanisms in the central nervous system could not be demonstrated. It is proposed that (a) the inability of the X-irradiated animal to elaborate specific neutralizing antibody was a critical determinant in their failure to clear the viremia, (b) this increase in the level and duration of the viremic phase resulted in the exposure of target organs to a greater inoculum of virus, and (c) the enhanced mortality observed in irradiated mice reflected this greater target organ involvement. The experimental model presented, therefore, suggests that the immunologic response is a critical determinant of host resistance during this primary systemic virus infection.