gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superconducting Diode sensor (2023)

We study the superconducting Josephson junction diode operating via the magnetic field of skyrmions. Inspired by the near-field optical microscopy, we propose to partially screen the magnetic field and analyze part-by-part the magnetic texture of the skyrmion. The detected asymmetric supercurrent is influenced by the skyrmionic magnetic field and magnetic texture. This enables the Josephson junction diode to function as a hyperfine sensor and to read out the information about the morphology of the complex magnetic textures. The proposed setup opens a new avenue in magnetometry and represents an alternative to the technologies based on the nitrogen-vacancy centers.
Super-operator Linear Equations and their Applications to Quantum Antennas and Quantum Light Scattering (2021)

In this paper we developed the resolvent method for super-operator equations with their applications in quantum optics. Our approach is based on the novel concept of linear super-operator acting on the Hilbert subspace of vector or scalar linear operators satisfying physically reasonable commutation relations. The super-operator equations for the electromagnetic (EM) field operators are formulated for the problems of quantum antenna emission and quantum light scat-tering by a dielectric body. The general solution of super-operator equation is presented in terms of the classical resolvent. In contrast to the classical case, it includes the ancillary components associated with the quantum noise even in the absence of absorption. The reason for it lies in the energy exchange between different spatial regions with various bases for the field presentation (it looks like losses or gain from the point of view of the correspondent region). A number of examples (two-element dipole antenna, plane dielectric layer, and dielectric cylinder with circular cross section) which demonstrate the physical mechanism of the appearance of noise are considered. It is shown, that antenna emission or scattering transforms the coherent properties of quantum light. This opens a new way of controlling the coherence in a direction dependent manner, a feature that can be useful in various applications of quantum technologies, including, quantum radars and lidars, and quantum antennas.
Toward an Ethical Framework for Smart Cities and the Internet of Things (2023)

As smart cities increasingly become real, an ethical framework for them becomes increasingly necessary. Surprisingly, current approaches largely disregard such a framework and concentrate primarily on challenges pertaining to the data lifecycle. However, a smart city involves much more than data gathering: it involves the interactions of residents, businesses, and government agencies with respect to public and private resources subject to potentially subtle regulations and other norms. This article introduces a sociotechnical view of smart cities and shows how it may be profitably mapped to the moral foundation theory to provide a comprehensive ethical framework.
Ligand perturbation of the molecular and electronic structures of quadruply bonded dimers. The crystal structures of Mo2Br4(PMe3)4 and Mo2I4(PMe3)4, and the vibrational and electronic spectra of a series of M2X4L4 complexes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLigand perturbation of the molecular and electronic structures of quadruply bonded dimers. The crystal structures of Mo2Br4(PMe3)4 and Mo2I4(PMe3)4, and the vibrational and electronic spectra of a series of M2X4L4 complexesMichael D. Hopkins, William P. Schaefer, Michael J. Bronikowski, William H. Woodruff, Vincent M. Miskowski, Richard F. Dallinger, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2, 408–416Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00236a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00236a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views205Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Using TCP rate control for queue input‐output rate matching (2002)

Abstract In explicit TCP rate control, the receiver's advertised window size in acknowledgment (ACK) packets can be modified by intermediate network elements to reflect network congestion conditions. The TCP receiver's advertised window (i.e. the receive buffer of a TCP connection) limits the maximum window and consequently the throughput that can be achieved by the sender. Appropriate reduction of the advertised window can control the number of packets allowed to be sent from a TCP source. This paper evaluates the performance of a TCP rate control scheme in which the receiver's advertised window size in ACK packets are modified in a network node in order to match the generated load to the assigned bandwidth in the node. Using simulation and performance metrics such as the packet loss rates and the cumulative number of TCP timeouts, we examine the service improvement provided by the TCP rate control scheme to the users. The modified advertised windows computed in the network elements and the link utilization are also examined. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Batched Learning in Generalized Linear Contextual Bandits with General Decision Sets (2021)

In real-world adaptive personalized decision making, due to physical and/or resource constraints, a decision maker often does not have the luxury of immediately incorporating the feedback from the previous individual into forming new policies for future individuals. This is an important aspect that has largely been abstracted away from the traditional online learning/decision making literature. In this paper, we study the problem of batched learning in generalized linear contextual bandits where the decision maker, unlike in traditional online learning, can only access feedback at the end of a limited number of batches, and when selecting actions within a batch, can only use information from prior batches. We provide a lower bound that characterizes the fundamental limit of performance in this setting and then give a DCB-based batched learning algorithm whose regret bound, obtained using a self-normalized martingale style analysis, nearly matches this lower bound. Our results provide a novel inquiry into generalized linear contextual bandits with arbitrary action sets, which include several bandits setting as special cases and thus shed light on batch-constrained decision making in general.
Junction Photovoltage (JPV) Techniques for Ultra-Shallow Junction Characterization (2007)

A non-contact method for measurement of sheet resistance and leakage current (RsL) for ultra-shallow junction (USJ) characterization is described based on analysis of frequency-dependent junction photovoltages from p-n junctions . Theoretical, device-simulated and measured photovoltages, sheet resistance as well as RsL and reverse-biased diode currents are compared. The linkage between RsL recombination currents and end-of-range implant damage in USJ/halo profiles and deletion layers is described. The addition of a Halo profile to a USJ results in increased in sheet resistance and leakage current due to changes in the junction depth and depletion layer conditions. Measured recombination leakage currents for implanted and CVD-grown USJs are compared with calculation and show good agreement.
High Resolution Live Cell Raman Imaging Using Subcellular Organelle-Targeting SERS-Sensitive Gold Nanoparticles with Highly Narrow Intra-Nanogap (2015)

We report a method to achieve high speed and high resolution live cell Raman images using small spherical gold nanoparticles with highly narrow intra-nanogap structures responding to NIR excitation (785 nm) and high-speed confocal Raman microscopy. The three different Raman-active molecules placed in the narrow intra-nanogap showed a strong and uniform Raman intensity in solution even under transient exposure time (10 ms) and low input power of incident laser (200 μW), which lead to obtain high-resolution single cell image within 30 s without inducing significant cell damage. The high resolution Raman image showed the distributions of gold nanoparticles for their targeted sites such as cytoplasm, mitochondria, or nucleus. The high speed Raman-based live cell imaging allowed us to monitor rapidly changing cell morphologies during cell death induced by the addition of highly toxic KCN solution to cells. These results strongly suggest that the use of SERS-active nanoparticle can greatly improve the current temporal resolution and image quality of Raman-based cell images enough to obtain the detailed cell dynamics and/or the responses of cells to potential drug molecules.
Obstetrics & Gynecology in 1996: Marking the progress toward evidence-based medicine by classifying studies based on methodology (1997)

Researchers who publish in Obstetrics & Gynecology favor an observational study design. With evidence-based medicine growing in popularity as a new standard or paradigm, the reliance on observational studies may have implications.
Loss of D2 Receptor Binding with Age in Rhesus Monkeys: Importance of Correction for Differences in Striatal Size (1999)

The relation between striatal dopamine D2 receptor binding and aging was investigated in rhesus monkeys with PET. Monkeys (n = 18, 39 to 360 months of age) were scanned with 11C-raclopride; binding potential in the striatum was estimated graphically. Because our magnetic resonance imaging analysis revealed a concomitant relation between size of striatum and age, the dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) data were corrected for possible partial volume (PV) artifacts before parameter estimation. The age-related decline in binding potential was 1% per year and was smaller than the apparent effect if the age-related change in size was ignored. This is the first in vivo demonstration of a decline in dopamine receptor binding in nonhuman primates. The rate of decline in binding potential is consistent with in vitro findings in monkeys but smaller than what has been measured previously in humans using PET. Previous PET studies in humans, however, have not corrected for PV error, although a decline in striatal size with age has been demonstrated. The results of this study suggest that PV correction must be applied to PET data to accurately detect small changes in receptor binding that may occur in parallel with structural changes in the brain.
Involvement of endogenous prostaglandins in salt-induced hypertension (1985)

Insufficient production of prostaglandins, which are possible antihypertensive agents, may be a pathogenetic factor in hypertensive patients on salt loading. We compared the levels of plasma PGE2, plasma renin activity (PRA) and urinary 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-O-PGF1 alpha), a major stable metabolite of PGI2, on day 5 of salt deprivation and also on day 5 of subsequent salt loading in 17 patients with essential hypertension. Salt loading decreased plasma PGE2, and slightly increased urinary 6-O-PGF1 alpha. On salt loading, a positive correlation was found between the levels of plasma PGE2 and urinary sodium excretion. On salt deprivation, PRA was significantly correlated with plasma PGE2. The per cent change in mean blood pressure on changing from salt restriction to salt loading was inversely correlated with the per cent change in PGE2, and positively correlated with the per cent change in 6-O-PGF1 alpha excretion. These findings suggest that on salt restriction, PGE2 is involved in the renin-angiotension system and that on salt loading, PGE2 is produced to compensate for the excessive sodium. The finding that PGE2 production was attenuated progressively as the mean blood pressure increased on salt loading in patients with essential hypertension suggests that insufficient compensatory PGE2 production is a pathogenetic factor in salt-induced hypertensive patients. In contrast, PGI2 may be produced adaptively to regulate blood pressure during changes in salt balance.
Therapeutic Targeting of Oncogenic K‐Ras by a Covalent Catalytic Site Inhibitor (2013)

Abstract We report the synthesis of a GDP analogue, SML‐8‐73‐1, and a prodrug derivative, SML‐10‐70‐1, which are selective, direct‐acting covalent inhibitors of the K‐Ras G12C mutant relative to wild‐type Ras. Biochemical and biophysical measurements suggest that modification of K‐Ras with SML‐8‐73‐1 renders the protein in an inactive state. These first‐in‐class covalent K‐Ras inhibitors demonstrate that irreversible targeting of the K‐Ras guanine‐nucleotide binding site is potentially a viable therapeutic strategy for inhibition of Ras signaling.
(Invited) In Operando and in Situ techniques for Intercalation Compounds in Li-Ion and All-Solid-State Batteries (2020)

We will present the results and supporting video files of several in operando techniques used to study lithium-ion and solid-state batteries, such as in situ scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM), in situ Raman spectroscopy, in situ X-ray diffraction and in situ UV visible. These studies help understand several mechanisms, including volume expansion of anodes such as Si (300%), lithium metal (20%), graphite (10%) and LTO (0%). They are also used to measure the thickness of the anode, cathode and electrolyte through the charge/discharge cycle. The mechanism of lithium dendrite was also studied and its details will be presented. Blend-based solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) lithium-sulfur cells were studied in operando using two techniques: SEM and ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis). During the operation of these cells, extensive polysulfide dissolution in the solid polymer electrolyte (cross-linked polyethylene oxide) leads to the formation of a catholyte. A clear micrograph of the thick passivation layer on the sulfur-rich anode and the decreased SPE thickness due to cycling confirmed the failure mechanism: capacity decays by reducing the amount of active material and by contributing to a charge-inhibiting mechanism called polysulfide shuttle. The formation of elemental sulfur is clearly visible in real time during the charge process beyond 2.3 V. The non-destructive in operando UV-vis study also showed the presence of characteristic absorption peaks evolving with cycling, demonstrating the accumulation of various polysulfide species, and the predominant formation of S 4 2- and of S 6 2- during discharge and charge, respectively. This finding implies that the charge and discharge reactions are not completely reversible and proceed along different pathways.
Ovarian Cancer (2000)

Cancers are highly complex disease systems that require access to widely diverse laboratory techniques from a broad range of research disciplines, methods that are often beyond the knowledge of a single researcher. In Ovarian Cancer: Methods and Protocols, over one hundred well-respected scientists comprehensively review every aspect of the biology underlying ovarian cancer and present a detailed collection of easy-to-follow methods for illuminating this frequently fatal disease's basic mechanisms. Here today's investigators will find the broadest imaginable array of molecular biology techniques specially designed to determine not only tumor genetics, expression, and protein function, but also to elucidate the genetic mechanisms by which gene and immunotherapies may be perfected. The book's highly experienced authors provide help in selecting the correct model system for each experimental approach, and offer extensive technical advice to facilitate the planning of individual experiments and ensure that researchers are using the optimal techniques for their research programs. Although structured primarily for ovarian cancer researchers, and using examples from that field, the techniques can be immediately applied to research in many other tumor types. Versatile and comprehensive, Ovarian Cancer Methods and Protocols constitutes a veritable treasury of well-proven expert methods that will help basic scientists and clinical researchers alike master the powerful technologies required for effective cancer research today
Interfacial Properties on the Submicrometer Scale (2000)

This chapter discusses the problematic nature of interfacial sciences when constrained to the mesoscale. Interfacial sciences are trapped between the atomistic and the three-dimensional bulk regimes - the mesoscale. We experience a breakdown of phenomenological descriptions used to characterize macrosystems. Furthermore, submicrometer systems with their fractal-like dimension cannot be adequately described with quantum or molecular interaction theories. The challenge of describing the mesoscale for the various scientific fields is to find a common denominator. By suggesting a possible classification of the field and by discussing examples in each category, this chapter attempts to illuminate the similarities of mesoscale properties obtained in different research and engineering disciplines.
Functional Architecture for NGN-Based Personalized IPTV Services (2009)

IPTV is one of the most highly visible services to emerge as part of the development of next generation network (NGN). IPTV services over manageable broadband link from a provider will be one of the ultimate goals of the broadband revolution using NGN. In this paper, we analyze IPTV architecture developed by ITU-T and provide functional architecture for NGN-based IPTV services according to functional mapping between IPTV and NGN. For this, we provide the detailed functional architecture and relevant operations with other functional blocks and present the harmonized architecture between IPTV and NGN for NGN-based IPTV services with the alignment with existing NGN architecture. As challenging architectural issues, we also introduce personalized IPTV services based on Web-based open platform in NGN environment and illustrate functional architecture and service examples for Web-based personalized IPTV services.
RATIONAL MODELING OF MULTIVARIATE MULTI-FIDELITY DATA (2016)

Accurate multi-fidelity modeling is of high importance in the present day engineering design process. It allows to model computationally expensive simulations at a reduced cost by combining simulations with variable fidelity levels. In this paper, a novel algorithm is proposed to build multivariate models from variable fidelity simulations using rational functions. The modeling is based on high-fidelity data and low-fidelity data that is sampled over a parameter space of interest. The former is assumed to be computationally expensive and sparse, whereas the latter is cheaper to obtain but comes at a lower accuracy. It is shown that accurate rational models can be built at a reduced cost by combining these types of data. The effectiveness of the algorithm is applied to several examples and confirmed by numerical results.
Polarized light diffuse reflectance FT-NIR MEMS spectrometer enabling the detection of powder samples through a thin plastic layer (2023)

Polarized scattered light Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is used for measuring the absorbance of highly scattering materials overcoming the multiple scattering effect. It has been reported for in vivo for biomedical applications and in-field for agricultural and for environmental monitoring. In this paper, we report a polarized light microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based FTIR in the extended near infrared (NIR) that utilizes a bistate polarizer in a diffuse reflectance measurement setup. The spectrometer is capable of distinguishing between single backscattering from the uppermost layer and multiple scattering from the deep layers. The spectrometer has a spectral resolution of 64<i>c</i> <i>m</i> <sup>-1</sup> (about 16 nm at a wavelength of 1550 nm) and operates in the spectral range of 4347<i>c</i> <i>m</i> <sup>-1</sup> to 7692<i>c</i> <i>m</i> <sup>-1</sup> (1300 nm to 2300 nm). The technique implies de-embedding of the MEMS spectrometer polarization response by normalizing its effect; this is applied on three different samples: milk powder, sugar, and flour in plastic bags. The technique is examined on different scattering size particles. The scattering particles diameter's range is expected to vary from 10 µm to 400 µm. The absorbance spectra of the samples are extracted and compared to the direct diffuse reflectance measurements of the samples, showing good agreement. By using the proposed technique, the calculated error for the flour was decreased from 43.2% to 2.9% at 1935 nm wavelength. The wavelength error dependence is also reduced.
Detection, Estimation, and Modulation Theory (1976)

Contains reports on work completed and two research projects.
Wire-length Prediction using Statistical and Probabilistic Techniques (2004)

We address the classic wire-length estimation problem and propose a new statistical wire-length estimation approach that captures the probability distribution function of net lengths after placement and before routing. These types of models are highly instrumental in formalizing a complete and consistent probabilistic approach to design automation and design closure where along with optimizing the pertinent cost function, the associated prediction error is also considered. The wire-length prediction model was developed using a combination of parametric and non-parametric statistical techniques. The model predicts not only the length of the net using input parameters extracted from the floorplan of a design, but also probability distributions that a net with given characteristics obtained after placement will have a particular length. The model is validated using both learn-and-test and resubstitution techniques. The model can be used for a variety of purposes, including the generation of a large number of statistically sound and therefore realistic instances of designs. We applied the net models to the probabilistic buffer insertion problem and obtained substantial improvement in net delay after routing (∼40%) when compared to a traditional bounding box-based buffer insertion strategy.
IS-IS Prefix Attributes for Extended IPv4 and IPv6 Reachability (2016)

This document introduces new sub-TLVs to support advertisement of IPv4 and IPv6 prefix attribute flags and the source router ID of the router that originated a prefix advertisement.