gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactive optimization for steering machine classification (2010)

Interest has been growing within HCI on the use of machine learning and reasoning in applications to classify such hidden states as user intentions, based on observations. HCI researchers with these interests typically have little expertise in machine learning and often employ toolkits as relatively fixed "black boxes" for generating statistical classifiers. However, attempts to tailor the performance of classifiers to specific application requirements may require a more sophisticated understanding and custom-tailoring of methods. We present ManiMatrix, a system that provides controls and visualizations that enable system builders to refine the behavior of classification systems in an intuitive manner. With ManiMatrix, users directly refine parameters of a confusion matrix via an interactive cycle of re-classification and visualization. We present the core methods and evaluate the effectiveness of the approach in a user study. Results show that users are able to quickly and effectively modify decision boundaries of classifiers to tai-lor the behavior of classifiers to problems at hand.
Demonstration of a High Speed 4-Channel Integrated Silicon Photonics WDM Link with Hybrid Silicon Lasers (2010)

The demonstration of a 4λ×10Gbps Silicon Photonics CWDM link integrating all optical components, electronics and packaging technologies required for system integration is reported. Further demonstration of the link operating at 50Gbps, 4λ×12.5Gbps, is also shown.
Mining Compressing Sequential Patterns (2013)

Abstract Pattern mining based on data compression has been successfully applied in many data mining tasks. For itemset data, the Krimp algorithm based on the minimum description length (MDL) principle was shown to be very effective in solving the redundancy issue in descriptive pattern mining. However, for sequence data, the redundancy issue of the set of frequent sequential patterns is not fully addressed in the literature. In this article, we study MDL‐based algorithms for mining non‐redundant sets of sequential patterns from a sequence database. First, we propose an encoding scheme for compressing sequence data with sequential patterns. Second, we formulate the problem of mining the most compressing sequential patterns from a sequence database. We show that this problem is intractable and belongs to the class of inapproximable problems. Therefore, we propose two heuristic algorithms. The first of these uses a two‐phase approach similar to Krimp for itemset data. To overcome performance issues in candidate generation, we also propose GoKrimp, an algorithm that directly mines compressing patterns by greedily extending a pattern until no additional compression benefit of adding the extension into the dictionary. Since checks for additional compression benefit of an extension are computationally expensive we propose a dependency test which only chooses related events for extending a given pattern. This technique improves the efficiency of the GoKrimp algorithm significantly while it still preserves the quality of the set of patterns. We conduct an empirical study on eight datasets to show the effectiveness of our approach in comparison to the state‐of‐the‐art algorithms in terms of interpretability of the extracted patterns, run time, compression ratio, and classification accuracy using the discovered patterns as features for different classifiers. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Functional twin monomers and twin macro monomers as components for the synthesis of hierarchically nanostructured hybrid materials* (2016)

Internal polymeric soft templates are used for the polymerization of twin monomers (TM) to achieve nanostructured hybrid materials of desired morphology. For this purpose, oligomeric groups such as oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG) or polymerizable ethenyl-substituents were covalently linked to the silicon atom of TMs of the 4H-benzo-1,3,2-dioxasiline type. These functionalized TMs are used in simultaneous twin polymerization in combination with the ideal TM 2,2'-spirobi[4H-1,3,2-benzodioxasiline]. Nanostructure dimension can be adjusted in the range from 2 to 20 nm by the composition of the components used in hybrid material synthesis. Inorganic/organic hybrid material disks of interpenetrating networks with hierarchical nanostructures are available by polymerization in the melt which are potentially suitable as membrane devices. Physical properties such as brittleness, transparency, electrolytic stability, and barrier properties of the hybrid material could potentially be adjusted by changing both monomer composition and monomer structure. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 2312–2320
Insect Pathogenic Fungi for Biocontrol of Plague Vector Fleas: A Review (2021)

Abstract Bubonic plague is a lethal bacterial disease of great historical importance. The plague organism, Yersinia pestis, is primarily transmitted by fleas (Siphonaptera). In natural settings, where its range expands, Y. pestis resides in association with wild rodents and their fleas (sylvatic plague). While chemical insecticides are used against plague vector fleas, biological approaches have not been as critically evaluated. Benign and cost-effective control methods are sorely needed, particularly where imperiled species are at risk. Here we explore the potential of two representative insect pathogenic fungi, Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin 1912 (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) and Metarhizium anisopliae Metschnikoff 1879 (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae), each already used commercially worldwide in large-scale agricultural applications, as candidate biopesticides for application against fleas. We review the life cycles, flea virulence, commercial production, and field application of these fungi, and ecological and safety considerations. Pathogenic fungi infections among natural flea populations suggest that conditions within at least some rodent burrows are favorable, and laboratory studies demonstrate lethality of these fungi to at least some representative flea species. Continued study and advancements with these fungi, under appropriate safety measures, may allow for effective biocontrol of plague vector fleas to protect imperiled species, decrease plague outbreaks in key rodent species, and limit plague in humans.
Cost analysis of a community pharmacy 'minor ailment scheme' across three primary care trusts in the North East of England (2011)

MAS release NHS resources (especially in relation to GP consultations) by preventing (or minimizing) patient use of alternative and more costly branches of the NHS.
Magnetic Resonance–Guided Cardiac Catheterization in a Swine Model of Atrial Septal Defect (2003)

Left and right heart catheterization using MR guidance is feasible. The combination of hemodynamic catheterization data with anatomic and functional MRI may significantly improve the evaluation of patients with congenital heart disease while avoiding radiation exposure.
A Coupled Mass Transfer and Surface Complexation Model for Uranium (VI) Removal from Wastewaters (1994)

A remediation technique has been developed for removing uranium (VI) from complex contaminated groundwater using flake chitin as a biosorbent in batch and continuous flow configurations. With this system, U(VI) removal efficiency can be predicted using a model that integrates surface complexation models, mass transport limitations and sorption kinetics. This integration allows the reactor model to predict removal efficiencies for complex groundwaters with variable U(VI) concentrations and other constituents. The system has been validated using laboratory-derived kinetic data in batch and CSTR systems to verify the model predictions of U(VI) uptake from simulated contaminated groundwater.
Continuously-Tunable Optical Delay Lines for Reconfigurable Switching and Processing (2007)

Tunable optical delay lines have many applications for high-performance switching and processing. We explore the enabling technologies for achieving tunable optical delay lines, various figures-of-merit, and critical engineering challenges.
Permeability Enhancement by Multilayer Ferromagnetic Composites for Magnetic-Core On-Chip Inductors (2014)

This letter reports about unpatterned ferromagnetic NiFe/AlN multilayer composites used as advanced magnetic core materials for on-chip and interposer integrated inductances. The proposed composite structure reduces RF induced currents and thus pushes the permeability cutoff to beyond 3.7 GHz, which is by a factor of 7.1 higher than for homogeneous NiFe layers of same thickness. To the best knowledge of the authors, we achieve the highest effective relative permeability of 28 at 1 GHz, highest ferromagnetic resonance frequency and highest inductance enhancement factor above 1 GHz ever reported for devices based on on-chip unpatterned NiFe magnetic cores. A single loop inductor is also implemented as a technology demonstrator, achieving an inductance enhancement of 4.8 and a quality factor enhancement of 4.5 at 400 MHz.
The effects of choice in routing relevance judgments (2011)

The emergence of human computation systems, including Mechanical Turk and games with a purpose, has made it feasible to distribute relevance judgment tasks to workers over the Web. Most human computation systems assign tasks to individuals randomly, and such assignments may match workers with tasks that they may be unqualified or unmotivated to perform. We compare two groups of workers, those given a choice of queries to judge versus those who are not, in terms of their self-rated competence and their actual performance. Results show that when given a choice of task, workers choose ones for which they have greater expertise, interests, confidence, and understanding.
Visible Light Sensitized Inactivation of MS-2 Bacteriophage by a Cationic Amine-Functionalized C60 Derivative (2010)

Recently, we reported the successful synthesis of various hexakis C60 derivatives (i.e., C60 with six functional groups containing NH3+-, CO2H-, or OH-terminals) with enhanced stability in water for aqueous phase application (Lee et al., Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, 43, pp 6604-6610). Among these newly synthesized C60 derivatives, the cationic hexakis C60 derivative with amine functionality, C60(CR2)6 (R=CO2(CH2)2NH3+CF3CO2-), was found to exhibit remarkable efficiency to inactivate Escherichia coli and MS-2 bacteriophage under UVA irradiation. Herein, we report that this amine-functionalized C60 derivative is also photoactive in response to visible light from both commercial fluorescence lamps and sunlight. Efficient production of 1O2, facile reaction of 1O2 with proteins in MS-2 phage capsid and electrostatic attraction between positively charged C60 derivative and negatively charged MS-2 phage collectively contributed to high efficiency of MS-2 phage inactivation in this photocatalytic disinfection system. The rate of 1O2 production was evaluated using a probe compound, furfuryl alcohol, and 1O2 CT (the product of 1O2 concentration and exposure time) required to achieve a target level of virus inactivation was quantitatively analyzed. The unique visible-light sensitized virucidal property makes this C60 derivative highly desirable for the development of sustainable disinfection strategies that do not require continuous chemical addition nor an external energy source other than ambient light.
A Game-Theoretic Approach to Improve Energy-Related Data (2022)

With the increase in the energy demand, the magnitude of energy production operation increased in scale and complexity and went too far in remote areas. To manage such a big fleet, sensors were installed to send real-time data to operation centers, where subject matter experts monitor the operations and provide live support. With the expansion of installed sensors and the number of monitored operations, the operation centers were flooded with a massive amount of data beyond human capability to handle. As a result, it became essential to capitalize on the artificial intelligence (AI) capability. Unfortunately, due to the nature of operations, the data quality is an issue limiting the impact of AI in such operations. Multiple approaches were proposed, but they require lot of time and cannot be upscaled to support active real-time data streaming. This paper presents a method to improve the quality of energy-related (drilling) real-time data, such as hook load (HL), rate of penetration (ROP), revolution per minute (RPM), and others. The method is based on a game-theoretic approach, and when applied on the HL-one of the most challenging drilling parameters-it achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.3 accuracy level compared to the drilling data quality improvement subject matter expert's (SME) level. This method took few minutes to improve the drilling data quality compared to weeks in the traditional manual/semiautomated methods. This paper addresses the energy data quality issue, which is one of the biggest bottlenecks toward upscaling AI technology into active operations. To the authors' knowledge, this paper is the first attempt to employ the game-theoretic approach in the drilling data improvement process, which facilitates greater integration between AI models and the energy live data streaming, also setting the stage for more research in this challenging AI-data domain.
The development of architectures for electronic powertrain control (2006)

DOI: 10.1049/ic:20060593 ISBN: 0 86341 609 8 Location: London, UK Conference date: 20-21 March 2006 Format: PDF A collection of slides from the authors' conference presentation is given. Inspec keywords: SCADA systems; railway electrification; software architecture; torque control Subjects: Transportation; Rail-traffic system control
Band alignment at AlN/Si (111) and (001) interfaces (2015)

To advance the development of III-V nitride on silicon heterostructure semiconductor devices, we have utilized in-situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate the chemistry and valence band offset (VBO) at interfaces formed by gas source molecular beam epitaxy of AlN on Si (001) and (111) substrates. For the range of growth temperatures (600–1050 °C) and Al pre-exposures (1–15 min) explored, XPS showed the formation of Si-N bonding at the AlN/Si interface in all cases. The AlN/Si VBO was determined to be −3.5 ± 0.3 eV and independent of the Si orientation and degree of interfacial Si-N bond formation. The corresponding AlN/Si conduction band offset (CBO) was calculated to be 1.6 ± 0.3 eV based on the measured VBO and band gap for wurtzite AlN. Utilizing these results, prior reports for the GaN/AlN band alignment, and transitive and commutative rules for VBOs, the VBO and CBO at the GaN/Si interface were determined to be −2.7 ± 0.3 and −0.4 ± 0.3 eV, respectively.
Towards symmetry driven and nature inspired UV filter design (2019)

In plants, sinapate esters offer crucial protection from the deleterious effects of ultraviolet radiation exposure. These esters are a promising foundation for designing UV filters, particularly for the UVA region (400 - 315 nm), where adequate photoprotection is currently lacking. Whilst sinapate esters are highly photostable due to a cis-trans (and vice versa) photoisomerization, the cis-isomer can display increased genotoxicity; an alarming concern for current cinnamate ester-based human sunscreens. To eliminate this potentiality, here we synthesize a sinapate ester with equivalent cis- and trans-isomers. We investigate its photostability through innovative ultrafast spectroscopy on a skin mimic, thus modelling the as close to true environment of sunscreen formulas. These studies are complemented by assessing endocrine disruption activity and antioxidant potential. We contest, from our results, that symmetrically functionalized sinapate esters may show exceptional promise as nature-inspired UV filters in next generation sunscreen formulations.
Chemical Constituents in the Genus Achlys (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Constituents in the Genus AchlysMunekazu Iinuma, Hideki Tosa, Toshiyuki Tanaka, Mizuo Mizuno, and Frank A. LangCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1993, 56, 9, 1638–1641Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 September 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50099a032https://doi.org/10.1021/np50099a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views139Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Network changes associated with transdiagnostic depressive symptom improvement following cognitive behavioral therapy in MDD and PTSD (2018)

Despite widespread use of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in clinical practice, its mechanisms with respect to brain networks remain sparsely described. In this study, we applied tools from graph theory and network science to better understand the transdiagnostic neural mechanisms of this treatment for depression. A sample of 64 subjects was included in a study of network dynamics: 33 patients (15 MDD, 18 PTSD) received longitudinal fMRI resting state scans before and after 12 weeks of CBT. Depression severity was rated on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Thirty-one healthy controls were included to determine baseline network roles. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses were conducted on the normalized change scores of within- and between-system connectivity and normalized change score of the MADRS. Penalized regression was used to select a sparse set of predictors in a data-driven manner. Univariate analyses showed greater symptom reduction was associated with an increased functional role of the Ventral Attention (VA) system as an incohesive provincial system (decreased between- and decreased within-system connectivity). Multivariate analyses selected between-system connectivity of the VA system as the most prominent feature associated with depression improvement. Observed VA system changes are interesting in light of brain controllability descriptions: attentional control systems, including the VA system, fall on the boundary between-network communities, and facilitate integration or segregation of diverse cognitive systems. Thus, increasing segregation of the VA system following CBT (decreased between-network connectivity) may result in less contribution of emotional attention to cognitive processes, thereby potentially improving cognitive control.
Substrate utilization and maturation of cumulus cell-enclosed mouse oocytes: evidence that pyruvate oxidation does not mediate meiotic induction (1997)

This study was performed to address the possible role of pyruvate in meiotic induction in mouse oocytes. Cumulus cell-enclosed oocytes from primed, immature mice were cultured in 7.5 microliters microdrops under oil for 9 or 18 h in medium containing 4 mmol hypoxanthine l-1 plus 0.23 mmol pyruvate l-1, 1 mmol pyruvate l-1, or 1 mmol pyruvate l-1 plus 5.5 mmol glucose l-1. When compared with cultures containing 0.23 mmol pyruvate l-1, 1 mmol pyruvate l-1 induced germinal vesicle breakdown, and this was preceded by an increase in pyruvate utilization. Addition of glucose prevented both the increase in pyruvate consumption and the meiotic induction. When different combinations of pyruvate and glucose were tested on oocyte maturation in microdrop cultures, a high concentration of pyruvate or glucose alone was stimulatory to maturation. Addition of the complementary energy substrate prevented the induction of germinal vesicle breakdown and reduced the amount of substrate consumption. During spontaneous maturation in vitro, oocyte-cumulus cell complexes consumed glucose for the first 3 h; however, during the second 3 h period, which followed germinal vesicle breakdown, glucose consumption decreased and net pyruvate utilization was initiated. Treatment of hypoxanthine-arrested oocytes with dichloroacetate, an activator of pyruvate dehydrogenase, stimulated pyruvate consumption but had no effect on germinal vesicle breakdown. Although FSH stimulates meiotic resumption, no changes in pyruvate consumption were observed in response to this gonadotrophin. Measurement of oxygen consumption by hypoxanthine-treated complexes revealed no effect of high concentrations of pyruvate on respiration, and FSH treatment resulted in a suppression of oxygen utilization. These data indicate that, in mouse oocyte-cumulus cell complexes, pyruvate and glucose can each modulate metabolism of the other substrate, and the can significantly influence meiotic maturation of the oocyte. In addition, augmentation of pyruvate oxidation does not appear to play a mediating role in meiotic induction triggered by energy substrate manipulation or gonadotrophin treatment.
Mechanisms of leukocyte trafficking into the CNS. (2000)

HIV-1 encephalitis occurs in up to one-third of HIV-1-infected individuals. The mechanisms through which this pathology develops are thought to involve viral passage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB), as well as entry of HIV-infected and/or uninfected inflammatory cells into the central nervous system (CNS). Viral proteins and cytokines may also contribute to the pathogenesis of encephalitis. We show that the chemokines SDF-1 and MCP-1 induce transmigration of uninfected human lymphocytes and monocytes across our model of the BBB, a co-culture of human fetal astrocytes and endothelial cells. We also demonstrate that the HIV-1 protein Tat induces adhesion molecule expression and chemokine production by human fetal astrocytes and microglia, which could further contribute to leukocyte entry into the CNS. Finally, our data indicate that inflammatory cytokines modulate the expression of CXCR4, a co-receptor for HIV-1, on human fetal astrocytes, suggesting that these cytokines may potentially modulate the infectability of astrocytes by HIV-1. These findings support the hypothesis that there may be several different mechanisms that contribute to the development and progression of HIV-1 encephalitis.