gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HUMAN TRASH ESTs — SEQUENCES FROM cDNA COLLECTION THAT ARE NOT ALIGNED TO GENOME ASSEMBLY (2008)

Expressed sequence tags (ESTs) represent 500-1000-bp-long sequences corresponding to mRNAs derived from different sources (cell lines, tissues, etc.). The human EST database contains over 8,000,000 sequences, with over 4,000,000,000 total nucleotides. RNA molecules are transcribed from a genomic DNA template; therefore, all ESTs should match corresponding genomes. Nevertheless, we have found in the human EST database approximately 11,000 ESTs not matching sequences in the human genome database. The presence of "trash" ESTs (TESTs) in the EST database could result from DNA or RNA contamination of the laboratory equipment, tissues, or cell lines. TESTs could also represent sequences from unidentified human genes or from species inhabiting the human body. Here, we attempt to identify the sources of human EST database contaminations. In particular, we discuss systematic contamination of the mammalian EST databases with sequences of plants.
Antitumor activity of antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate and purine synthesis in human soft tissue sarcoma cell lines with intrinsic resistance to methotrexate. (1995)

We examined the antitumor effects of two antifolate inhibitors of thymidylate synthesis, N-(5-[N-(3, 4-dihydro-2-methyl-4-oxoquinazolin-6-ylmethyl)-N-methylamino ]-2-theno yl-L-glutamic acid (D1694; Tomudex) and 1843U89 as well as a folate-based inhibitor of purine synthesis, 5, 10-dideazatetrahydrofolic acid (DDATHF) on human soft tissue sarcoma cell lines having intrinsic resistance to methotrexate (MTX) due to impaired accumulation of polyglutamates of MTX (HS-16 and HS-42 cells) and to increased levels of dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthase activity (HS-18 cells). Growth inhibition studies showed that ED50 values for D1694 and 1843U89 after a 24-h exposure were 11-19-fold and 22-222-fold lower, respectively, than those for MTX in HT-1080, a MTX-sensitive cell line, and the three MTX-resistant cell lines. In contrast, DDATHF was less cytotoxic than MTX in both the MTX-sensitive and the three resistant sarcoma cell lines. Uptake of D1694, 1843U89, or DDATHF was 2.5-4.5-fold higher than MTX in these sarcoma cell lines. However, D1694 and 1843U89, unlike MTX, accumulate in HS-16 and HS-42 cells as polyglutamate forms, reaching 70% of the total intracellular drug level after 24 h. DDATHF polyglutamates (9.4-24%) were less in the same cell lines. Much lower Km values for D1694 and 1843U89 as compared to MTX for folylpolyglutamate synthase were measured in the sarcoma cell lines, with Vmax values equal to or slightly higher than those obtained with MTX. D1694 and 1843U89 are significantly more cytotoxic than MTX in intrinsically MTX-resistant sarcoma cell lines as a result of extensive formation of polyglutamates. These two thymidylate synthase inhibitors should be evaluated in patients with soft tissue sarcomas.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Myoseverin Derivatives:  Microtubule Assembly Inhibitors (2001)

Myoseverin, a trisubstituted purine, inhibits microtubule assembly in vitro, interferes with normal mitotic spindle assembly, and arrests the cell cycle in mitosis in U937 cells. We synthesized a variety of myoseverin derivatives and screened them for inhibition of spindle assembly in Xenopus egg extracts and for microtubule disassembly in vitro. Selected compounds were tested against 60 cancer cell lines at the National Cancer Institute as possible anticancer drug candidates.
Nanowires: Rapid, One‐Step, Digital Selective Growth of ZnO Nanowires on 3D Structures Using Laser Induced Hydrothermal Growth (Adv. Funct. Mater. 26/2013) (2013)

On page 3316 Seung Hwan Ko and co-workers report an alternative to conventional complex multistep approaches for functional nanowire-based electronics fabrication. A rapid, one-step, digital-selective nanowire growth in liquid that uses a laser as a local heat source for the thermochemical reaction is demonstrated. Laser-induced hydrothermal growth (LIHG) can grow nanowires directly on a 3D micro/nanostructure without the use of conventional vacuum methods.
Chapter 4. Two-dimensional NMR of Diffusion and Relaxation (2016)

Multi-dimensional NMR of relaxation and diffusion has been an area undergoing rapid development in recent years. Compared to the 1D counter part, 2D experiments offer higher resolution to understand complex and natural materials that are often a mixtures of multiple molecular species and in complex physical states. Many of the materials exhibit internal structural complexity, micro-structures, both in natural materials such as rocks and soils, food stuff, and biological tissues. The materials properties are often strongly determined by such micro-structure. The multi-dimensional experiments allow us to obtain correlation functions of several NMR parameters, such as T1, T2 and diffusion coefficient to enhance the ability to identify different components, but they also encode more specific diffusion physics so that new phenomena can be observed. This chapter reviews the recent development of 2D NMR of diffusion and relaxation and its applications.
A Monolithically-Integrated Optical Receiver in Standard 45-nm SOI (2012)

Integrated photonics has emerged as an I/O technology that can meet the throughput demands of future many-core processors. Taking advantage of the low capacitance environment provided by monolithic integration, we developed an integrating receiver front-end built directly into a clocked comparator, achieving high sensitivity and energy-efficiency. A simple model of the receiver provides intuition on the effects of wiring and photodiode capacitance, and leads to a photodiode-splitting technique enabling improved sensitivity at higher data rates. The receiver is characterized in situ and shown to operate with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> A-sensitivity at 3.5 Gb/s with a power consumption of 180 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex> </formula> W (52 fJ/bit) and area of 108 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu$</tex></formula> m <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^2$</tex> </formula> . This work demonstrates that photonics and electronics can be jointly integrated in a standard 45-nm SOI process.
Dynamic virtual convergence for video see-through head-mounted displays: maintaining maximum stereo overlap throughout a close-range work space (2002)

We present a technique that allows users of video see-through head-mounted displays to work at close range without the typical loss of stereo perception due to reduced nasal side stereo overlap in most of today's commercial HMDs. Our technique dynamically selects parts of the imaging frustums acquired by wide-angle head-mounted cameras and re-projects them for the narrower field-of-view displays. In addition to dynamically maintaining maximum stereo overlap for objects at a heuristically estimated working distance, it also reduces the accommodation-vergence conflict, at the expense of a newly introduced disparity-vergence conflict. We describe the hardware (assembled from commercial components) and software implementation of our system and report on our experience while using this technique within two different AR applications. (Plus color plates).
Elucidation of bonding trends from variability in Atomic Solid State Energies (2019)

The solid state energy (SSE) of an element in a specified oxidation state corresponds to the average energy of a frontier orbital, i.e., the energy of the lowest-unoccupied state (electron affinity) for a cation or the highest-occupied state (ionization potential) for an anion. Thus SSE, like electronegativity, accounts for diverse chemical properties by assigning a single, scalar quantity to an element. SSEs are evaluated by averaging electron affinities (EA) or ionization potentials (IP) for all relevant compounds within the database. For a given element, EAs or IPs cover a range of energies; we define this distribution to be SSE variability. We show that SSE variability reveals a systematic chemical trend: as interatomic distances decrease, EA moves upward toward the vacuum level, while IP moves downward. Consequently, the band gap increases around a universal energy reference at −4.5 eV. In an elemental solid, this relationship between EA/IP energy and interatomic distance arises from electronic-charge sharing (covalent bonding), while in a binary compound it arises from electronic charge redistribution (polar covalence). By extension, we suggest that this EA/IP-interatomic distance trend does not arise from electronic charge transfer (ionic bonding).
Compact LWIR polarimeter for cirrus ice properties (2018)

A miniaturized long-wave InfraRed (LWIR) spectro-polarimeter is being developed as a prototype for the Compact Submm-Wave and LWIR Polarimeters (SWIRP) project. The polarimeter in development is a compact (20x20x40 cm) conical-scan instrument to measure the polarimetric radiation from ice cloud scattering at mm- submm (220 and 680 GHz) and IR (8.6, 11, and 12 m) bands. The LWIR polarimeter will provide a series of polarization measurements across the 8.5 - 12.5 micron band, measuring the full set of linear Stokes parameters (I, Q, U) as a function of wavelength. The spectro-polarimeter uses a combination of birefringent crystals, a Wollaston prism, a diffraction grating, and an uncooled microbolometer array to measure both the degree and angle of linear polarization across the spectral bandwidth by modulating the polarization flux in wavelength with a high order retarder.
Degradation Mechanisms Occurring in PTFE-Based Coatings Employed in Food-Processing Applications (2021)

The application of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) coatings to metal surfaces is a well-known procedure carried out to avoid fouling phenomena on food-processing surfaces. Fluorine-based polymers are generally chemically and thermally stable, thus allowing them to be the preferred choice when designing anti-stick coatings in the food service industry. Their lifespan, however, depends on the environmental conditions. It is well known that thermal ageing can affect the properties of PTFE polymers and reduce their mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties causing failures and contaminating food. The main goal of the study is to identify the different failure mechanisms occurring in PTFE-based coatings, using both SEM/EDXS and ATR FT-IR data to reveal the starting point of degradation phenomena in food processing applications. The results from this research reveal that the preferential points for failures are mainly the polymer/substrate interfaces, the polymer/filler interfaces, or the polymer matrix itself.
D‐Amino acid residue in the C‐type natriuretic peptide from the venom of the mammal, Ornithorhynchus anatinus, the Australian platypus (2002)

The C-type natriuretic peptide from the platypus venom (OvCNP) exists in two forms, OvCNPa and OvCNPb, whose amino acid sequences are identical. Through the use of nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and peptidase digestion studies, we discovered that OvCNPb incorporates a D-amino acid at position 2 in the primary structure. Peptides containing a D-amino acid have been found in lower forms of organism, but this report is the first for a D-amino acid in a biologically active peptide from a mammal. The result implies the existence of a specific isomerase in the platypus that converts an L-amino acid residue in the protein to the D-configuration.
Integration of Direction Cues Is Invariant to the Temporal Gap between Them (2013)

Many decisions involve integration of evidence conferred by discrete cues over time. However, the neural mechanism of this integration is poorly understood. Several decision-making models suggest that integration of evidence is implemented by a dynamic system whose state evolves toward a stable point representing the decision outcome. The internal dynamics of such point attractor models render them sensitive to the temporal gaps between cues because their internal forces push the state forward once it is dislodged from the initial stable point. We asked whether human subjects are as sensitive to such temporal gaps. Subjects reported the net direction of stochastic random dot motion, which was presented in one or two brief observation windows (pulses). Pulse strength and interpulse interval varied randomly from trial to trial. We found that subjects' performance was largely invariant to the interpulse intervals up to at least 1 s. The findings question the implementation of the integration process via mechanisms that rely on autonomous changes of network state. The mechanism should be capable of freezing the state of the network at a variety of firing rate levels during temporal gaps between the cues, compatible with a line of stable attractor states.
Effect of Bolt Tightness on the Behavior of Composite Joints (2006)

This study provides an experimental and analytical investigation of the behavior of a double bolted single lap shear composite joint. Various scenarios of bolt tightness are considered for composite-to-composite and composite-to-aluminum bolted joints. Progressive damage analysis is provided for the composite coupons in two regions; namely, the surface under bolt heads and near the contact with the shank of the bolt; the damage analysis is performed using an optical microscope. Four tightening configurations are used in the testing of each double bolted joint. These configurations permit each of the two bolts to be either tight or loose. The analytical part of the study utilizes a 3-D finite element model that simulates the bolt tightness and the multilayered composite coupons. The experimental and finite element results are correlated.
EPR spectroscopy of triplet aryl nitrenes covalently bound to .alpha.-chymotrypsin. Application of low-temperature methods to photoaffinity labeling (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEPR spectroscopy of triplet aryl nitrenes covalently bound to .alpha.-chymotrypsin. Application of low-temperature methods to photoaffinity labelingK. Kanakarajan, Raymond. Goodrich, Mary J. T. Young, Soundara. Soundararajan, and Matthew S. PlatzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 19, 6536–6541Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00227a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00227a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views275Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The management of bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty (2016)

The treatment of bone loss in revision total knee arthroplasty has evolved over the past decade. While the management of small to moderate sized defects has demonstrated good results with a variety of traditional techniques (cement and screws, small metal augments, impaction bone grafting or modular stems), the treatment of severe defects continues to be problematic. The use of a structural allograft has declined in recent years due to an increased failure rate with long-term follow-up and with the introduction of highly porous metal augments that emphasise biological metaphyseal fixation. Recently published mid-term results on the use of tantalum cones in patients with severe bone loss has reaffirmed the success of this treatment strategy.
Depth Map Estimation of Dynamic Scenes Using Prior Depth Information (2020)

Depth information is useful for many applications. Active depth sensors are appealing because they obtain dense and accurate depth maps. However, due to issues that range from power constraints to multi-sensor interference, these sensors cannot always be continuously used. To overcome this limitation, we propose an algorithm that estimates depth maps using concurrently collected images and a previously measured depth map for dynamic scenes, where both the camera and objects in the scene may be independently moving. To estimate depth in these scenarios, our algorithm models the dynamic scene motion using independent and rigid motions. It then uses the previous depth map to efficiently estimate these rigid motions and obtain a new depth map. Our goal is to balance the acquisition of depth between the active depth sensor and computation, without incurring a large computational cost. Thus, we leverage the prior depth information to avoid computationally expensive operations like dense optical flow estimation or segmentation used in similar approaches. Our approach can obtain dense depth maps at up to real-time (30 FPS) on a standard laptop computer, which is orders of magnitude faster than similar approaches. When evaluated using RGB-D datasets of various dynamic scenes, our approach estimates depth maps with a mean relative error of 2.5% while reducing the active depth sensor usage by over 90%.
Seismic Analysis of Multistory Buildings Subjected to Synthetic Motions Compatible With Design Spectrum According to Vietnamese Standard (2020)

Currently, TCVN 9386: 2012 Standard is adopted in the design practice of civil engineering in Vietnam. For structural seismic analysis as well as seismic risk assessment, usually, engineers prefer the response spectrum method rather than time history analysis due to the lack of ground motion records in the past. The method using the response spectrum cannot be used to exactly predict the nonlinear response of a structure subjected to earthquakes. However, it is a more suitable method for design purposes due to the fact that it could predict the maximum response of a structure based on the response spectrum. In this study, we used a random simulation method to promulgate the ground acceleration in accordance with seismic conditions in Vietnam. Subsequently, the ground acceleration was adjusted to match the response spectrum according to the current Vietnam standard. Numerical simulations were then conducted to evaluate the structural response and seismic vulnerability of a building subjected to the proposed ground motion by using different analytical methods.
A 16-bit mixed-signal microsystem with integrated CMOS-MEMS clock reference (2003)

In this work, we report on an unprecedented design where digital, analog, and MEMS technologies are combined to realize a general-purpose single-chip CMOS microsystem. The convergence of these technologies has enabled the development of a low power, portable microinstrument ideally suited for controlling environmental and bio-implantable sensors.
Unilateral cleft lip in a boy with Angelman syndrome. (1996)

We report on a mentally retarded boy with epileptic seizures, microcephaly, ataxia, and developmental delay. His clinical features were consistent with Angelman syndrome. Fluorescent in situ hybridization and DNA analysis showed a deletion of chromosome 15 q11-13 and thus confirmed the diagnosis. In addition, the patient had a unilateral, incomplete cleft lip, a feature which has not previously been reported in Angelman syndrome.
A transportable neural-network approach to autonomous vehicle following (1998)

This paper presents the development and testing of a neural-network module for autonomous vehicle following. Autonomous vehicle following is defined as a vehicle changing its own steering and speed while following a lead vehicle. The strength of the developed controller is that no characterization of the vehicle dynamics is needed to achieve autonomous operation. As a result, it can be transported to any vehicle regardless of the nonlinear and often unobservable dynamics. Data for the range and heading angle of the lead vehicle were collected for various paths while a human driver performed the vehicle following control function. The data was collected for different driving maneuvers including straight paths, lane changing, and right/left turns. Two time-delay backpropagation neural networks were then trained based on the data collected under manual control-one network for speed control and the other for steering control. After training, live vehicle following runs were done under the neural-network control. The results obtained indicate that it is feasible to employ neural networks to perform autonomous vehicle following.
Tunable Decoration of Reduced Graphene Oxide with Au Nanoparticles for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2014)

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films are decorated with non‐overlapping Au nanoparticles using diblock copolymer micelles that provide controllability over the number density as well as the diameter of the nanoparticles. This synthetic process produces a pure Au surface without extra layers. Further­more, the rGO film enables the transferability of the Au nanoparticles without deterioration of their arrays. Thus, the controllability of the Au nanoparticles and their transferability with rGO films allow the effective modification of electrochemical electrodes. With a glassy carbon electrode modified with an rGO film with Au nanoparticles, high electrochemical activity is observed in the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Furthermore, it is possible to identify a size‐dependent ORR mechanism, showing that Au nanoparticles with an average diameter of 8.6 nm exhibit a 4‐electron direct reduction of O 2 to H 2 O.
Uncalibrated multiview synthesis (2017)

Nonideal stereo videos do not hinder viewing experience in stereoscopic displays. However, for autostereoscopic displays nonideal stereo videos are the main cause of reduced three-dimensional quality causing calibration artifacts and multiview synthesis artifacts. We propose an efficient multiview rendering algorithm for autostereoscopic displays that takes uncalibrated stereo as input. First, the epipolar geometry of multiple viewpoints is analyzed for multiview displays. The uncalibrated camera poses for multiview display viewpoints are then estimated by algebraic approximation. The multiview images of the approximated uncalibrated camera poses do not contain any projection or warping distortion. Finally, by the exploiting rectification homographies and disparities of rectified stereo, one can determine the multiview images with their estimated camera poses. The experimental results show that the multiview synthesis algorithm can provide results that are both temporally consistent and well-calibrated without warping distortion.