gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kinetic theory for electrostatic waves due to transverse velocity shears (1988)

A kinetic theory in the form of an integral equation is provided to study the electrostatic oscillations in a collisionless plasma immersed in a uniform magnetic field and a nonuniform transverse electric field. In the low temperature limit (kyρi ≪1, where ky is the wave vector in the y direction and ρi is the ion gyroradius) the dispersion differential equation is recovered for the transverse Kelvin–Helmholtz modes for arbitrary values of k∥, where k∥ is the component of the wave vector in the direction of the external magnetic field assumed in the z direction. For higher temperatures (kyρi&amp;gt;1) the ion-cyclotron-like modes described earlier in the literature by Ganguli, Lee, and Palmadesso [Phys. Fluids 28, 761 (1985)] are recovered. In this article the integral equation is reduced to a second-order differential equation and a study is made of the kinetic Kelvin–Helmholtz and the ion-cyclotron-like modes that constitute the two branches of oscillation in a magnetized plasma including a transverse inhomogeneous dc electric field.
A new detector for high-speed swept source optical coherence tomography (2015)

Electron-injection detectors are used in a high-speed swept source optical coherence tomography system for the first time. Compared to a commercial p-i-n detector, electron-injection detectors show more than 20 dB higher SNR.
Compartmental model of leucine kinetics in humans (1991)

The complexity of amino acid and protein metabolism has limited the development of comprehensive, accurate whole body kinetic models. For leucine, simplified approaches are in use to measure in vivo leucine fluxes, but their domain of validity is uncertain. We propose here a comprehensive compartmental model of the kinetics of leucine and alpha-ketoisocaproate (KIC) in humans. Data from a multiple-tracer administration were generated with a two-stage (I and II) experiment. Six normal subjects were studied. In experiment I, labeled leucine and KIC were simultaneously injected into plasma. Four plasma leucine and KIC tracer concentration curves and label in the expired CO2 were measured. In experiment II, labeled bicarbonate was injected into plasma, and labeled CO2 in the expired air was measured. Radioactive (L-[1-14C]leucine, [4,5-3H]KIC, [14C]bicarbonate) and stable isotope (L-[1-13C]leucine, [5,5,5-2H3]KIC, [13C]bicarbonate) tracers were employed. The input format was a bolus (impulse) dose in the radioactive case and a constant infusion in the stable isotope case. A number of physiologically based, linear time-invariant compartmental models were proposed and tested against the data. The model finally chosen for leucine-KIC kinetics has 10 compartments: 4 for leucine, 3 for KIC, and 3 for bicarbonate. The model is a priori uniquely identifiable, and its parameters were estimated with precision from the five curves of experiment I. The separate assessment of bicarbonate kinetics (experiment II) was shown to be unnecessary. The model defines masses and fluxes of leucine in the organism, in particular its intracellular appearance from protein breakdown, its oxidation, and its incorporation into proteins. An important feature of the model is its ability to estimate leucine oxidation by resolving the bicarbonate model in each individual subject. Finally, the model allows the assessment of the domain of validity of the simpler commonly used models.
Seedling Stage Feeding by Corn Leaf Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae): Influence on Plant Development in Maize (1991)

Journal Article Seedling Stage Feeding by Corn Leaf Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae): Influence on Plant Development in Maize Get access J. W. Bing, J. W. Bing Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar W. D. Guthrie, W. D. Guthrie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar F. F. Dicke, F. F. Dicke Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar J. J. Obrycki J. J. Obrycki Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 84, Issue 2, 1 April 1991, Pages 625–632, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/84.2.625 Published: 01 April 1991 Article history Received: 27 November 1989 Accepted: 10 October 1990 Published: 01 April 1991
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical Synthesis of Nonpeptide Cyclic Ureas as Potent HIV Protease Inhibitors. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Prognostic value of SUVmax on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT scan in patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma. (2020)

INTRODUCTION: The maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) in 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) may be of prognostic significance for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM). This retrospective study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of the SUVmax in patients with MPM.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for the patients who were diagnosed with histopathologically proven MPM between 2009 and 2018 at Samsung Medical Center. For each patient, SUVmax was calculated for the primary lesion on PET/CT. To determine optimal cutoff values for predicting mortality, receiver operating characteristic curves were used.RESULTS: Among the 54 study patients, 34 (63.0%) had epithelioid subtype, 13 (24.1%) had sarcomatoid or biphasic subtype, and 7 (13.0%) had mesothelioma, not otherwise specified (NOS). The median overall survival (OS) was 8.7 months, and the median SUVmax was 9.9. The median values of SUVmax were 5.5 in patients with epithelioid subtype, 11.7 in those with sarcomatoid/biphasic subtype, and 13.3 in those with NOS subtype (P = 0.003). The optimal cutoff values of SUVmax to predict mortality were 10.1 in all patients, and 8.5 in patients with epithelioid subtype. In multivariate analysis, SUVmax was significantly associated with overall survival in all patients (P = 0.003) and in patients with epithelioid subtype (P = 0.012), but not in those with non-epithelioid subtype.CONCLUSIONS: SUVmax in PET/CT is an independent prognostic factor in patients with MPM, especially those with epithelioid subtype. The histologic subtype of MPM should be considered when evaluating the prognostic significance of SUVmax. PMID: 32069313
VRCodes: Unobtrusive and active visual codes for interaction by exploiting rolling shutter (2012)

We show a new visible tagging solution for active displays which allows a rolling-shutter camera to detect active tags from a relatively large distance in a robust manner. Current planar markers are visually obtrusive for the human viewer. In order for them to be read from afar and embed more information, they must be shown larger thus occupying valuable physical space on the design. We present a new active visual tag which utilizes all dimensions of color, time and space while remaining unobtrusive to the human eye and decodable using a 15fps rolling-shutter camera. The design exploits the flicker fusion-frequency threshold of the human visual system, which due to the effect of metamerism, can not resolve metamer pairs alternating beyond 120Hz. Yet, concurrently, it is decodable using a 15fps rolling-shutter camera due to the effective line-scan speed of 15×400 lines per second. We show an off-the-shelf rolling-shutter camera can resolve the metamers flickering on a television from a distance over 4 meters. We use intelligent binary coding to encode digital positioning and show potential applications such as large screen interaction. We analyze the use of codes for locking and tracking encoded targets. We also analyze the constraints and performance of the sampling system, and discuss several plausible application scenarios.
Diffuse double layer charging in nonpolar liquids (2007)

The presence of charges in nonpolar liquids is usually neglected. However, in some applications, they have important effects. In this work, an analytical description is given for the dynamics of diffuse double layers when a voltage step of the order of kT∕e is applied. Part of the result is an expression for the current, which is consistent with current measurements on nonpolar liquids and with other works. In measurements for higher voltages, we observe and briefly discuss nonlinear effects. From measurements both at high and at low voltages, we can obtain the same properties of the liquid.
A Photocleavable Masked Nuclear‐Receptor Ligand Enables Temporal Control of C. elegans Development (2014)

Abstract The development and lifespan of C. elegans are controlled by the nuclear hormone receptor DAF‐12, an important model for the vertebrate vitamin D and liver X receptors. As with its mammalian homologues, DAF‐12 function is regulated by bile acid‐like steroidal ligands; however, tools for investigating their biosynthesis and function in vivo are lacking. A flexible synthesis for DAF‐12 ligands and masked ligand derivatives that enable precise temporal control of DAF‐12 function was developed. For ligand masking, photocleavable amides of 5‐methoxy‐ N ‐methyl‐2‐nitroaniline (MMNA) were introduced. MMNA‐masked ligands are bioavailable and after incorporation into the worm, brief UV irradiation can be used to trigger the expression of DAF‐12 target genes and initiate development from dauer larvae into adults. The in vivo release of DAF‐12 ligands and other small‐molecule signals by using photocleavable MMNA‐masked ligands will enable functional studies with precise spatial and temporal resolution.
Exploiting Future Word Contexts in Neural Network Language Models for Speech Recognition (2019)

Language modeling is a crucial component in a wide range of applications including speech recognition. Language models (LMs) are usually constructed by splitting a sentence into words and computing the probability of a word based on its word history. This sentence probability calculation, making use of conditional probability distributions, assumes that there is little impact from approximations used in the LMs, including the word history representations and finite training data. This motivates examining models that make use of additional information from the sentence. In this paper, future word information, in addition to the history, is used to predict the probability of the current word. For recurrent neural network LMs (RNNLMs), this information can be encapsulated in a bi-directional model. However, if used directly, this form of model is computationally expensive when trained on large quantities of data, and can be problematic when used with word lattices. This paper proposes a novel neural network language model structure, the succeeding-word RNNLM, su-RNNLM, to address these issues. Instead of using a recurrent unit to capture the complete future word contexts, a feedforward unit is used to model a fixed finite number of succeeding words. This is more efficient in training than bi-directional models and can be applied to lattice rescoring. The generated lattices can be used for downstream applications, such as confusion network decoding and keyword search. Experimental results on speech recognition and keyword spotting tasks illustrate the empirical usefulness of future word information, and the flexibility of the proposed model to represent this information.
Surface Erosion of Plasma-Facing Materials Using an Electrothermal Plasma Source and Ion Beam Micro-Trenches (2019)

Erosion characteristics of tungsten-alternative plasma-facing materials (PFMs) were tested under high heat flux conditions in the electrothermal plasma source facility at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The PFMs of interest are high-purity β-3C chemical vapor deposition silicon carbide (SiC) and the MAX phases Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC [MAX = chemical formula Mn+1AXn, where M is an early transition metal (such as Ti or Ta), A is an A-group element (such as Si or Al), and X is carbon or nitrogen]. An erosion analysis method was developed using a combination of focused ion beam microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, carving micro-trench geometries into polished sample surfaces. Samples of SiC, Ti3SiC2, and Ti2AlC were exposed to the electrothermal plasma source alongside tungsten and monocrystalline silicon. Samples were exposed to a Lexan polycarbonate (C16H14O3) electrothermal plasma stream in a He environment, at a specified impact angle, with infrared camera diagnostics. Edge localized mode–relevant heat fluxes of 0.9 to 1 GW/m2 over 1-ms discharges were generated on the target surfaces. Tungsten samples exhibited pronounced melt-layer formation and deformation, with measured molten pits 2 to 10 μm in diameter and melt-layer depths of up to 7 μm deep. Surface erosion rates for Ti3SiC2 and Ti2AlC ranged from 80 to 775 μm/s and 85 to 470 μm/s, respectively. Both MAX phases exhibited extreme surface fracture and material ejection, with damage depths past 4 μm for Ti2AlC and 11 μm for Ti3SiC2. SiC displayed the best performance, in one case surviving 15 consecutive electrothermal plasma exposures with an average erosion rate of about 29 μm/s and no surface fracturing. SiC erosion rates ranged from 23 to 128 μm/s.
Circadian‐timed quick‐release bromocriptine lowers elevated resting heart rate in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2019)

Bromocriptine-QR lowers elevated RHR with concurrent decrease in BP and hyperglycaemia. These findings suggest a potential sympatholytic mechanism contributing to bromocriptine-QR's antidiabetes effect and potentially its previously demonstrated effect to reduce CVD events.
Rate allocation criteria in source-channel coding of images (2002)

In progressive joint source-channel coding of images, experiments show that optimizing rate allocation according to PSNR criteria and according to rate criteria produce essentially similar results-a very important observation because optimization by rate is often much easier. This paper presents analysis to uncover the reason for-and the generality of-these empirical results. We first examine the typical shape of the distribution of PSNR in light of the distribution of the first uncorrectable error in the bitstream. Then we analyze the sensitivity of rate allocation to the operational R-D curve, via parametric modeling of the source and the channel. We demonstrate that rate allocation is locally insensitive to variations in the R-D characteristics. This analysis provides a justification for low-complexity rate allocation algorithms, such as the one by Chande and Farvardin (2000), that work independently of the operational R-D curve.
Comparison of Graphite and BN/AlN Annealing Caps for Ion Implanted SiC (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Selective Redundant MP-QUIC for 5G Mission Critical Wireless Applications (2019)

In this paper, a new multi-connectivity protocol is introduced for mission critical applications that use wireless 5G multi-UE devices. It extends the MP-QUIC transport protocol by adding selective data duplication with strict prioritization to support a mix of critical and non-critical applications on a single end-to-end connection; e.g. suitable for self-driving cars getting mission critical drive control commands from the network (priority) while receiving map- updates (background). The Selective Redundant MP- QUIC solution simultaneously provides bandwidth aggregation and higher speeds for background data while ensuring maximum reliability and availability for the priority data by duplicating it on the available paths. The proposed algorithm is first evaluated using an emulated fixed-delay channel as well as a well-known Internet connection model. Next, a highway drive test is conducted using two LTE modems, resembling a typical autonomous car scenario. The tests show that the algorithm can protect the critical data flow also in presence of a background load of 2 Mb/s and across a wide range of channel conditions. Using our proposed MP-QUIC solution over two LTE connections, the 99.9%-tile of critical traffic latency shows a 5 times improvement versus using a single-path connection and 3 times versus using state of the art MP-QUIC protocols.
Longitudinal high-dimensional principal components analysis with application to diffusion tensor imaging of multiple sclerosis (2014)

We develop a flexible framework for modeling high-dimensional imaging data observed longitudinally. The approach decomposes the observed variability of repeatedly measured high-dimensional observations into three additive components: a subject-specific imaging random intercept that quantifies the cross-sectional variability, a subject-specific imaging slope that quantifies the dynamic irreversible deformation over multiple realizations, and a subject-visit specific imaging deviation that quantifies exchangeable effects between visits. The proposed method is very fast, scalable to studies including ultra-high dimensional data, and can easily be adapted to and executed on modest computing infrastructures. The method is applied to the longitudinal analysis of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data of the corpus callosum of multiple sclerosis (MS) subjects. The study includes 176 subjects observed at 466 visits. For each subject and visit the study contains a registered DTI scan of the corpus callosum at roughly 30,000 voxels.
Sex-biased trajectories of amygdalo-hippocampal morphology change over human development (2019)

The amygdala and hippocampus are two adjacent allocortical structures implicated in sex-biased and developmentally-emergent psychopathology. However, the spatiotemporal dynamics of amygdalo-hippocampal development remain poorly understood in healthy humans. The current study defined trajectories of volume and shape change for the amygdala and hippocampus by applying a multi-atlas segmentation pipeline (MAGeT-Brain) and semi-parametric mixed-effects spline modeling to 1,529 longitudinally-acquired structural MRI brain scans from a large, single-center cohort of 792 youth (403 males, 389 females) between the ages of 5 and 25 years old. We found that amygdala and hippocampus volumes both follow curvilinear and sexually dimorphic growth trajectories. These sex-biases were particularly striking in the amygdala: males showed a significantly later and slower adolescent deceleration in volume expansion (at age 20 years) than females (age 13 years). Shape analysis localized significant hot-spots of sex-biased anatomical development in sub-regional territories overlying rostral and caudal extremes of the CA1/2 in the hippocampus, and the centromedial nuclear group of the amygdala. In both sexes, principal components analysis revealed close integration of amygdala and hippocampus shape change along two main topographically-organized axes - low vs. high areal expansion, and early vs. late growth deceleration. These results (i) bring greater resolution to our spatiotemporal understanding of amygdalo-hippocampal development in healthy males and females, and (ii) uncover focal sex-differences in the structural maturation of the brain components that may contribute to differences in behavior and psychopathology that emerge during adolescence.
Experimental detection of stimulation of superconductivity by a current in ''long'' tunnel Josephson junctions (1984)

External agencies can stimulate superconductivity in suitable materials with nonequilibrium population of the levels. An investigation of this effect is reported. (AIP)
Protegrin interaction with lipid monolayers: grazing incidence X-ray diffraction and X-ray reflectivity study (2008)

Interactions of the antimicrobial peptide protegrin-1 (PG-1) with phospholipid monolayers have been investigated by using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD) and specular X-ray reflectivity (XR). The structure of a PG-1 film at the air-aqueous interface was also investigated by XR for the first time. Lipid A, dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol (DPPG) and dipalmitoyl-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) monolayers were formed at the air-aqueous interface to mimic the surface of the bacterial cell wall and the outer leaflet of the erythrocyte cell membrane, respectively. Experiments were carried out under constant area conditions where the pressure changes upon insertion of peptide into the monolayer. GIXD data suggest that the greatest monolayer disruption produced by PG-1 is seen with the DPPG system at 20 mN/m since the Bragg peaks completely disappear after introduction of PG-1 to the system. PG-1 shows greater insertion into the lipid A system compared to the DPPC system when both films are held at the same initial surface pressure of 20 mN/m. The degree of insertion lessens at 30 mN/m with both DPPC and DPPG monolayer systems. XR data further reveal that PG-1 inserts primarily in the head group region of lipid monolayers. However, only the XR data of the anionic lipids suggest the existence of an additional adsorbed peptide layer below the head group of the monolayer. Overall the data show that the extent of peptide/lipid interaction and lipid monolayer disruption depends not only on the lipid composition of the monolayer, but the packing density of the lipids in the monolayer prior to the introduction of peptide to the subphase.
Coupling of plasmonic nanoparticles to their environments in the context of van der Waals–Casimir interactions (2008)

We present experiments in which the interaction of a single gold nanoparticle with glass substrates or with another gold particle can be tuned by in situ control of their separations using scanning probe technology. We record the plasmon resonances of the coupled systems as a function of the polarization of the incident field and the particle position. The distinct spectral changes of the scattered light from the particle pair are in good agreement with the outcome of finite-difference time-domain calculations. We believe that our experimental technique holds promise for the investigation of the van der Waals--Casimir-type interactions between nanoscopic neutral bodies.