gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trading Risk in Mobile-Agent Computational Markets (2000)

Mobile-agent systems allow user programs to autonomously relocate from one host site to another. This autonomy provides a powerful, flexible architecture on which to build distributed applications. The asynchronous, decentralized nature of mobile-agent systems makes them flexible, but also hinders their deployment. We argue that a marketbased approach where agents buy computational resources from their hosts solves many problems faced by mobileagent systems. In our earlier work, we propose a policy for allocating general computational priority among agents posed as a competitive game for which we derive a unique computable Nash equilibrium. Here we improve on our earlier approach by implementing resource guarantees where mobileagent hosts issue call options on computational resources. Call options allow an agent to reserve and guarantee the cost and time necessary to complete its itinerary before the agent begins execution. We present an algorithm based upon the binomial options-pricing model that estimates future congestion to allow hosts to evaluate call options; methods for agents to measure the risk associated with their performance and compare their expected utility of competing in the computational spot market with utilizing resource options; and test our theory with simulations to show that option trade reduces variance in agent completion times. 1
A miniaturized double-stage 3dB broadband branch-line hybrid coupler using distributed capacitors (2009)

A miniaturized double-stage 3 dB branch-line hybrid coupler using distributed capacitors in the inner area is proposed in this paper. It is composed of high impedance transmission lines with reduced length and distributed capacitors. Compared to a conventional double-stage branch-line hybrid coupler, which is typically used to obtain wider bandwidth than a single-stage approach can provide, the proposed topology allows for considerable size reduction, while maintaining similar electrical performance. For experimental validation, a conventional single-stage 3 dB hybrid coupler, a conventional double-stage, and a miniaturized double-stage hybrid couplers are designed and fabricated. The size of the proposed miniaturized double-stage 3 dB broadband branch-line hybrid coupler is reduced by 39.04% and 68.32% compared to a single-stage and a conventional double-stage branch-line hybrid coupler, respectively.
Biodegradable poly(ε-caprolactone)-g-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) graft copolymer micelles as superior nano-carriers for “smart” doxorubicin release (2012)

Biodegradable micelles were prepared from poly(ε-caprolactone)-g-poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PCL-g-PHEMA) graft copolymers and investigated for controlled release of doxorubicin (DOX). PCL-g-PHEMA copolymers were readily obtained by controlled ring-opening copolymerization of acryloyl cyclic carbonate and ε-caprolactone, Michael-type conjugate addition reaction with cysteamine, coupling reaction with 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithionaphthalenoate (CPADN) via carbodiimide chemistry, and reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). 1H NMR analyses showed that Mn of PHEMA ranged from 8.7, 16.3 to 33.8 kg mol−1, in proximity to the design as well as those determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed that all three PCL-g-PHEMA graft copolymers had depressed melting temperatures (Tm = 31.3–32.5 °C) and low crystallinities (Xc = 3.05–5.66%). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) showed that PCL-g-PHEMA formed monodisperse micelles with low polydispersity indexes of 0.04–0.16 and average sizes ranging from 80.5 to 179.7 nm depending on PHEMA chain lengths. These graft copolymers displayed low critical micelle concentrations (CMCs) of 0.051–0.151 μM. The micellar sizes decreased following loading with DOX while PDI remained low. Interestingly, in vitro drug release studies showed that DOX-loaded PCL-g-PHEMA micelles exhibited superior pH-responsive release behaviors, in which up to 94.5% of DOX was released in 3 d at pH 5.0 while DOX release was significantly slower at pH 7.4 (maximum 54.1% release in 3 d). MTT assays with HeLa cells demonstrated that DOX-loaded PCL-g-PHEMA micelles retained high anti-tumor activity with low IC50 (half inhibitory concentration) of 1.47–1.74 μg DOX equiv. mL−1 while PCL-g-PHEMA micelles were practically non-toxic up to a tested concentration of 80 mg mL−1. These novel biodegradable PCL-g-PHEMA graft copolymer micelles with low CMC, small and tunable sizes, high drug loading, and pH-responsive drug release have emerged as superior nanocarriers for “smart” tumor-targeting drug delivery.
<title>Boeing active flow control system</title> (2000)

The Boeing Active Flow Control (AFC) System (BAFCS) is a DARPA sponsored program to develop AFC technology to achieve a significant increase in payload for the V-22 tiltrotor vehicle. The program includes Computational Fluid Dynamics analysis, wind tunnel testing and development of smart materials based AFC actuators. This paper will provide an overview of the program and its interrelationships, as well as concentrating on the development of the AFC actuators.
Quantifying performance of overlapped displays (2009)

We consider two physical systems where overlapped displays are employed: (1) Wobulation -a single projector that rapidly shifts the entire display in time by a subpixel amount; (2) Several projector displays overlaid in space with a complex array of space-varying subpixel offsets. In this work we focus on quantifying the resolution increase of these approaches over that of a single projector. Because of the nature of overlapping projections with different degrees of prospective distortion, overlaid pixels have space-varying offsets in both dimensions. Our simulator employs the perspective transformation or homography associated with the particular projector geometry for each subframe. The resulting simulated displays are stunningly accurate. We use "grill" patterns to assess the resolution performance that vary in period, phase, and orientation. A new Fourier-based test procedure is introduced that generates repeatable results that eliminate problems due to phase and spatial variation. We report on results for 2 and 4 position wobulation, and for 1, 2, 4, and 10 overlaid projectors using the frequency-domain based contrast modulation metric. The effects of subpixel phase are illustrated for various grill periods. The results clearly show that resolution performance is indeed improved for overlapped displays.
In situ monitoring of free‐phase gas accumulation and release in peatlands using ground penetrating radar (GPR) (2007)

We tested a set of surface common mid‐point (CMP) ground penetrating radar (GPR) surveys combined with elevation rods (to monitor surface deformation) and gas flux measurements to investigate in‐situ biogenic gas dynamics and ebullition events in a northern peatland (raised bog). The main findings are: (1) changes in the two‐way travel time from the surface to prominent reflectors allow estimation of average gas contents and evolution of free‐phase gas (FPG); (2) peat surface deformation and gas flux measurements are strongly consistent with GPR estimated changes in FPG content over time; (3) rapid decreases in atmospheric pressure are associated with increased gas flux; and (4) single ebullition events can induce releases of methane much larger (up to 192 g/m 2 ) than fluxes reported by others. These results indicate that GPR is a useful tool for assessing the spatial distribution, temporal variation, and volume of biogenic gas deposits in peatlands.
Anti-inflammatory activity of the lipophilic metabolites from Scolymus hispanicus L (2020)

The golden thistle, Scolymus hispanicus L. (Asteraceae), is a prickly perennial herb that is widely grown in Mediterranean and in Southeastern Europe. The aim of current study was to isolate and identify the constituents of S. hispanicus L. chloroform fraction, and assess their anti-inflammatory activity in-vitro. Chemical investigation led to isolation of one new guaianolide sesquiterpene; namely iso-japonicolactone (4), three tritepenes namely lupeol acetate (1), lupeol (2), and oleanolic acid (5), and the sterol stigmasterol (3). The isolated compounds demonstrated free radical scavenging activity against DPPH with compound 4 being able to scavenge more than 90% of DPPH radical at 100 µM. Treatment of the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) with the isolated compounds resulted in a decrease in nuclear factor kappa (NFκB) p65 content in a dose-dependent manner. Compound 4 was the most efficient in decreasing NFκB p65 at the lowest concentration (1 µM), followed by compound 5. In addition, cell treatment with isolated compounds resulted in dose-related reduction of interleukins (IL-6 and IL-1β), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α). To the best of our knowledge this is the first report for the isolation of iso-japonicolactone and the detailed study of its anti-inflammatory activity. The potent anti-inflammatory compounds in this study could be considered as a nucleus for developing anti-inflammatory drugs through further biological studies on the molecular level.
Total Synthesis of Hematoporphyrin and Protoporphyrin; a Conceptually New Approach (2013)

The total synthesis of protoporphyrin IX and its disodium salt using a new alternative method to the classical MacDonald condensation is reported. The key step is the reaction of the new unsymmetrical diiodo dipyrrylmethane 1 with the known dipyrrylmethane 2. Coupling of the two fragments leads directly to porphyrin 3 without the need of an oxidizing agent. The new methodology is well suited for the synthesis of protoporphyrin IX derivatives on a multi-100 g scale in good quality without the need for chromatography. Furthermore, these preparations are completely free of any contaminant of animal origin, which represents a real improvement in the manufacturing of protoporphyrin IX derivatives.
Tryptophan Co-Metabolism at the Host-Pathogen Interface (2020)

OPINION article Front. Immunol., 29 January 2020Sec. Inflammation Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.00067
Cystic neuroendocrine tumor in the pancreas detected by endoscopic ultrasound and fine-needle aspiration: a case report (2014)

Differential diagnosis of cystic lesions in the pancreas is very difficult with conventional radiology, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. This unusual case with a pancreatic cystic neuroendocrine tumor highlights the clinical importance of endoscopic ultrasound in the work-up of patients with unclear lesions in the pancreas.
Graphene Growth and Device Integration (2013)

Graphene has been introduced to the electronics community as a potentially useful material for scaling electronic devices to meet low-power and high-performance targets set by the semiconductor industry international roadmap, radio-frequency (RF) devices, and many more applications. Growth and integration of graphene for any device is challenging and will require significant effort and innovation to address the many issues associated with integrating the monolayer, chemically inert surface with metals and dielectrics. In this paper, we review the growth and integration of graphene for simple field-effect transistors and present physical and electrical data on the integrated graphene with metals and dielectrics.
Are annulate lamellae in the Drosophila embryo the result of overproduction of nuclear pore components? (1984)

Annulate lamellae are cytoplasmic organelles composed of stacked sheets of membrane containing pores that are structurally indistinguishable from nuclear pores. The functions of annulate lamellae are not well understood. Although they may be found in virtually any eucaryotic cell, they occur most commonly in transformed and embryonic tissues. In Drosophila, annulate lamellae are found in the syncytial blastoderm embryo as it is cleaved to form the cellular blastoderm. The cytological events of the cellularization process are well documented, and may be used as temporal landmarks when studying changes in annulate lamellae. By using morphometric techniques to analyze electron micrographs of embryos, we are able to calculate the number of pores per nucleus in nuclear envelopes and annulate lamellae during progressive stages of cellularization. We find that annulate lamellae pores remain at a low level while nuclear envelopes are expanding and acquiring pores in early interphase. Once nuclear envelopes are saturated with pores, however, the number of annulate lamellae pores increases more than 10-fold in 9 min. Over the next 30 min it gradually declines to the initial low level. On the basis of these results, we propose (a) that pore synthesis and assembly continues after nuclear envelopes have been saturated with pores; (b) that these supernumerary pores accumulate transiently in cytoplasmic annulate lamellae; and (c) that because these pores are not needed by the embryo they are subsequently degraded.
Redox-Active Radical Polymers for a Totally Organic Rechargeable Battery (2012)

“Radical polymers” bearing a high density of unpaired electrons in a pendant, non-conjugated fashion on each repeating unit were utilized as cathode- and anode-active materials in a totally organic-based rechargeable battery. Careful molecular design of radical polymers such as nitroxide and galvinoxyl derivatives produced remarkably stable p- and n-type redox couples, which provided three different battery configurations. The power-rate performance of these cells was excellent (360 C rate, 10 sec charge/discharge), as a result of the rapid redox process of the organic radical moieties in the amorphous polymer layer. Organic polymer-based electrodes also allowed their utilization to a flexible, paper-like, and transparent rechargeable energy-storage device.
Transmission of 42.8-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK over 42×94.5-km SSMF Spans using Optical Phase Conjugation and EDFA only Amplification (2006)

We show that OPC enables long-haul transmission with terrestrial fiber spans (94.5 km) and EDFA only amplification. In this experiment, 42.8-Gbit/s RZ-DQPSK with 0.8-bit/s/Hz spectral efficiency is transmitted over 42 SSMF spans, corresponding to a length of 3,970-km.
Speech enhancement using spectral envelope side information (2002)

This paper proposes several methods for noise reduction using deterministic side information about the desired signal as a constraint on the reconstruction. Two forms of side information are considered separately: short-time linear predictive coefficients, and short-time zero-phase impulse response coefficients. We derive general expressions for the ML, MAP and MMSE estimators, and develop algorithms that yield the ML estimators with the above side information for speech corrupted by additive white Gaussian noise. We also explore the use of these methods in the traditional noise reduction problem with no side information.
Natural History of Elderly-onset Ulcerative Colitis: Results from a Territory-wide Inflammatory Bowel Disease Registry (2015)

Elderly-onset UC patients are increasing in number. These patients have higher risk of opportunistic infections, hospitalisation, colorectal cancer, and mortality than non-elderly-onset patients. Management and therapeutic strategies in this special group need careful attention.
Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography (2012)

Ultrasound is the cornerstone for prostatic imaging and covers diagnostics, therapy monitoring, and follow-up. In the aspect of focal therapy, accurate prostate cancer localization is mandatory. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a promising imaging technique which has shown to greatly increase the chances to find prostate cancer in biopsies. At the moment, CEUS is only performed in expert centers because of difficult interpretation and steep learning curves. CEUS quantification techniques can make reliable and objective interpretation, with a high sensitivity, possible outside of expert centers. Focal therapy and active surveillance are increasingly used, but require to be supported by proper imaging techniques. CEUS seems a promising technique for real-time monitoring and follow-up of focal therapy treatment. In the near future, the use of targeted contrast agents will be a major breakthrough in the combat against prostate cancer. They show promising results regarding better visualization and longer lasting contrast enhancement of prostate cancer in in-vitro as well as in in-vivo animal experiments.
Comparison of Different Commercially Available Cationic Lipid-Based Transfection Kits (2000)

Cationic lipid-containing nonviral vectors for intracellular DNA delivery (lipoplexes) are becoming an important tool in a number of applications in life sciences, biotechnology, agriculture, and medicine. They became a biotechnology industry product on their own, being marketed as transfection kits. Their number on the market, now exceeding 50, is growing steadily. Life science researchers could face a problem having such a large choice of products. In such a situation, a straightforward comparison of existing transfection kits is useful. Therefore, several new proprietary transfection kits (Effectene, FuGENE 6, GeneSHUTTLE-20, GeneSHUTTLE-40, and GenePORTER Transfection Reagents), as well as well-established ones of known composition (Lipofectin, LipofectAmine, DOSPER, and DOTAP Transfection Reagents) were chosen for simultaneous comparison of their in vitro activity and shelf stability. Using expression of human growth hormone in NIH 3T3 cells, it was shown that most of the kits show roughly the same order of magnitude of transfection, with FuGENE 6 and GeneSHUTTLE-40 being somewhat better.In parallel, stability tests were performed to assess the degree of lipid hydrolysis in different kits. It was shown that in all kits, level of non-esterified fatty acids increased upon storage at 4°C in aqueous dispersion, suggesting base-catalyzed hydrolysis of the ester lipids. The pattern of degradation was also clearly visible when lipid kit components were analyzed on TLC plates.
Morphology of the Greater Trochanter: An Assessment of Anatomic Variation and Canal Overhang (2020)

Variations in the morphology of the proximal femur can predispose to varus component malposition. The degree to which the GT overhangs the canal can be quantified and classified based on plain films. This can aid in preoperative planning and help guide intraoperative proximal femoral preparation.
Hardware/Software Codesign for Convolutional Neural Networks Exploiting Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration on PYNQ (2018)

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), next to Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs), are the most important subgroup of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) due to their recent success in industry, especially regarding image processing. Hardware platforms, like Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), turned out to be a viable alternative to Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) for DNN implementations, especially according to applications with strict power and performance constraints. Moreover, FPGAs supporting Dynamic Partial Reconfiguration can be reconfigured in the field multiple times. In this paper we present a toolflow designing layer specific hardware blocks and reconfiguring them during runtime. During reconfiguration parts of the inference path are executed in software. Starting at the training of CNNs with the help of the Caffe framework, we provide a parameter parser. Furthermore, layer reimplementation templates in C++ help to easily design layers in software and hardware with the help of High-Level Synthesis according to layer specific characteristics. We further demonstrate the possibilities of our hardware/software codesign approach and hardware reconfiguration on the Deep Landmark Detection application. The whole project is available on Github.
Precoarsening to Improve Microstructure and Sintering of Powder Compacts (1991)

MgO and Al 2 O 3 were sintered by two types of processes: a conventional isothermal sintering and a two‐step sintering consisting of an initial low‐temperature precoarsening treatment before conventional isothermal sintering. The final microstructure from two‐step sintering can be more uniform and finer than that of compacts sintered conventionally. A narrow‐size‐distribution alumina powder was sintered under constant‐heating‐rate conditions, with and without a precoarsening treatment, and the results were compared. The differences between two‐step and conventional processing were clarified by experiments on precoarsened and as‐received ZnO powders. These compacts were precoarsened at 450°C for 90 h with virtually no increase in the overall density. The resulting grain size was 1.7 times the starting one, but the standard deviation of the precoarsened powder size distribution was smaller than that of the asreceived powder. Precoarsened compacts sintered to nearly full density showed improved homogeneity. The sintering stress of the precoarsened ZnO was approximately 0.8 that of the as‐received one. A computational model has been used with two components of coarsening to describe the differences in pore spacing evolution between the precoarsened and the as‐received system. The benefit of two‐step sintering is attributed to the increase in uniformity resulting from precoarsening. The increased uniformity decreases sintering damage and allows the system to stay in the open porosity state longer, delaying or inhibiting additional coarsening (grain growth) during the final stage of densification. Two‐step sintering is especially useful for nonuniform powder systems with a wide size distribution and is a simple and convenient method of making more uniform ceramic bodies without resorting to specialized powders or complicated heat schedules.
Human visual sensitivity-weighted progressive image transmission using the lapped orthogonal transform (1992)

Progressive transmission of images based on the lapped orthogonal transform (LOT), adaptive classification, and human visual sensitivity (HVS) weighting is proposed. HVS weighting for LOT basis functions is developed. This technique is quite general and can be applied to any orthogonal transform. The method is compared with discrete cosine transform (DCT)-based progressive image transmission (PIT). It is shown that LOT-based PIT yields subjectively improved images compared to those based on DCT. This is consistent with the reduction in block structure characteristic of LOT image coding.
Biosorption of Ni, Cr and Cd by metal tolerant Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. using single and multi-metal solution. (2006)

Fungi including Aspergillus and Penicillium, resistant to Ni2+, Cd2+, and Cr6+ were isolated from soil receiving long-term application of municipal wastewater mix with untreated industrial effluents of Aligarh, India. Metal tolerance in term of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 125-550 microg/ml for Cd, 300-850 microg/ml for Ni and 300-600 microg/ml for Cr against test fungi. Two isolates, Aspergillus niger and Penicillium sp. were tested for their Cr, Ni and Cd biosorption potential using alkali treated, dried and powdered mycelium. Biosorption experiment was conducted in 100 ml of solution at three initial metal concentrations i.e., 2, 4 and 6 mM with contact time (18 hr) and pretreated fungal biomass (0.1g) at 25 degrees C. Biosorption of all metals was found higher at 4 mM initial metal concentration as compared to biosorption at 2 and 6 mM concentrations. At 4 mM initial metal concentration, chromium biosorption was 18.05 and 19.3 mg/g of Aspergillus and Penicillium biomasses, respectively. Similarly, biosorption of Cd and Ni ions was also maximum at 4 mM initial metal concentration by Aspergillus (19.4 mg/g for Cd and 25.05 mg/g of biomass for Ni) and Penicillium (18.6 mg/g for Cd and 17.9 mg/g of biomass for Ni). In general, biosorption of metal was influenced by initial metal concentration and type of the test fungi. The results indicated that fungi of metal contaminated soil have high level of metal tolerance and biosorption properties.