gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Radioprotective and Radiomitigative Efficacy of Flt3 Ligand in a Murine Model of Acute Radiation Injury. (2013)

Radiation exposure can occur either intentionally or unintentionally and few drugs have been shown to be effective in mitigating or treating the damaging effects of radiation. Flt3 Ligand (Flt3L, fms‐like tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, CDX‐301) is a hematopoietic cytokine which stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of various blood cell progenitors. We sought to determine the efficacy of Flt3L monotherapy on survival at 30 days following total body irradiation at a LD50 level (LD50/30). C57BL/6 mice were exposed to a single total body gamma radiation dose of approximately 776 cGy from a 137 Cs source. Flt3L was administered subcutaneously for 10 sequential daily 25 μg doses beginning 24 hours before irradiation, or 4 or 24 hours after irradiation. Mice were observed twice daily to monitor for morbidity and mortality for 30 days post‐irradiation and animals were euthanized based on criteria approved by the IACUC. As anticipated, 45% of untreated animals did not survive to day 30, where no animals treated with Flt3L s.c. beginning 24 hours before irradiation did not survive to day 30 (p≤0.0001). If Flt3L treatment was started 4 hours after irradiation, only 10% of mice did not survive at day 30 (p≤0.0107) and if treatment was started 24 hours after irradiation 22% did not survive to day 30 (p≤0.0898). In conclusion, data suggest that Flt3L monotherapy can serve as an effective radioprotectant and radiomitigant.
Abstract 282: 17β-Estradiol and 16α-Hydroxyestrone Increase Oxidative Stress Through Nrf2 Dysfunction In Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells - Implications in Pulmonary Hypertension. (2014)

Gender differences in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) may be, in part, due to increased formation of the deleterious estrogen metabolite, 16α-hydroxyestrone (16αOHE1). Oxidative stress and Noxs have been implicated in the pathogenesis of PAH. We hypothesised that 17β-estradiol (E2) and 16αOHE1, specifically in human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), leads to Nox-induced oxidative stress, which promotes PASMC damage. Cultured human PASMCs were stimulated with either E2 (1nM) or 16αOHE1 (1nM). ROS production was assessed by chemiluminescence (O2-) and Amplex Red (H2O2); antioxidants, regulators of Nrf2, and PCNA (marker of growth) expression by immunoblotting; and Nrf2 activity by ELISA. E2 increased superoxide (219%) and H2O2 (52%) in PASMCs (p&lt;0.05 vs vehicle). E2 induced ROS was blocked by PHTPP (ERβ antagonist), tempol (SOD mimetic), ML171 (Nox1 inhibitor) and GKT137831 (Nox1/4 inhibitor). Thioredoxin (71%), NQ01 (78%) and peroxiredoxin1 (69%) protein levels were decreased by E2, even though Nrf2 activity was increased (38%), p&lt;0.05 vs vehicle. 16αOHE1 exhibited a rapid (5 min) and exaggerated increase in superoxide (355%) and a decrease in H2O2 (65%) production, p&lt;0.05. 16αOHE1-induced ROS was blocked by MPP (ERα antagonist), G15 (GPR30 antagonist), tempol and ML171. 16αOHE1 increased BACH1 (129%; p&lt;0.05), a competitor of Nrf2, which was decreased (92%). E2 stimulation resulted in decreased PCNA expression (30%), while 16αOHE1 increased PCNA levels (150%); p&lt;0.05. E2 and 16αOHE1 induced a rapid and sustained ROS generation in PASMCs derived from PAH subjects. E2 and 16αOHE1 did not increase superoxide production in VSMCs from resistance arteries of healthy subjects. In conclusion, E2 induces ROS production through ERβ-Nox-dependent mechanisms, while 16αOHE1 increases superoxide through an ERα/GPR30-Nox-dependent manner. The effects of E2 and 16αOHE1 on oxidative stress is present in PASMCs but not in VSMCs from peripheral arteries. and seems to be related to a dysregulation of the Nrf2 pathway. These processes may impact on molecular processes contributing to vascular remodeling in PAH.
Cell mechanics and mechanotransduction: pathways, probes, and physiology (2004)

Cells face not only a complex biochemical environment but also a diverse biomechanical environment. How cells respond to variations in mechanical forces is critical in homeostasis and many diseases. The mechanisms by which mechanical forces lead to eventual biochemical and molecular responses remain undefined, and unraveling this mystery will undoubtedly provide new insight into strengthening bone, growing cartilage, improving cardiac contractility, and constructing tissues for artificial organs. In this article we review the physical bases underlying the mechanotransduction process, techniques used to apply controlled mechanical stresses on living cells and tissues to probe mechanotransduction, and some of the important lessons that we are learning from mechanical stimulation of cells with precisely controlled forces.
Optimizing the efficiency of deep learning through accelerator virtualization (2017)

Training deep learning models often occupies entire compute clusters, built solely for this purpose, for days or even weeks at a time. There exists a large body of work on approaches for improving training performance, ranging from novel algorithms to full custom hardware accelerators. Offering compute capabilities of multiple teraflops (trillion floating point operations per second), graphics processing units (GPUs) have established themselves as a de-facto standard for accelerating deep learning network training. As systems with up to 16 GPUs—each GPU consuming up to 300 W—become available, efficient usage of these resources becomes imperative. We conduct a detailed analysis of deep learning workloads to characterize their efficiency in making use of GPU acceleration. We found that many deep learning workloads consume only a fraction of GPU resources, and we demonstrate how sharing GPU resources can improve throughput by a factor of 3, effectively turning a 4-GPU commodity cloud system into a high-end 12-GPU supercomputer. Using Watson workloads from three major areas that incorporate deep learning technology—i.e., language classification, visual recognition, and speech recognition—we document the effectiveness and scalability of our approach. We are working toward enabling GPU virtualization not only to reduce cost, but also to accelerate new breakthroughs in deep learning by increasing compute capacity without making further hardware investments.
Mesoporous ITO Electrodes as Optically Passive Counter Electrodes for Electrochromic Devices (2023)

Thin films of ITO nanoparticles (nanoITO) are evaluated as optically inactive and purely capacitive charge storage layers in colored-to-clear switching electrochromic devices (ECDs). A commercially available nanoITO dispersion in isopropanol is used without further formulation, and a range of coating parameters and postprocessing heat treatments are evaluated for their impact on electrode transmittance, haze, stability, and capacitance. The nanoITO electrodes are highly transmissive throughout the entire visible range (84%T380–780 nm) despite being several micrometers thick. These electrodes also have a sufficiently high capacitance to charge balance a family of cathodically coloring conjugated polymer-based electrochromes via double-layer charging as a result of their mesoporous structure. In fact, the nanoITO electrodes have sufficient capacitance to afford ECDs with high optical density in the colored state (<1% T at λmax, OD > 2) while still being able to switch effectively to the colorless state at <1.5 V. We show that nanoITO films are simple to coat using a variety of deposition techniques and compatible with rigid glass and flexible plastic substrates alike. While a simple heat treatment does improve the optical transparency slightly, it is not a requirement for successful device integration. This work strives to continue to reduce the barriers to ECD fabrication with strategies compatible with high-throughput coating techniques and straightforward, low-cost processing conditions.
Dielectric Loss Reduction of Ferroelectric Lead Magnesium Niobate-Lead Titanate Sound Projector Drivers (2004)

Improvement of the large signal dielectric loss of a commercial ferroelectirc lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT) sound projector driver has been achieved without sacrificing other electromechanical properties. Length extensional resonators fabricated from the modified composition have been characterized for dielectric losses, 33-mode electromechanical coupling, and acoustic energy density under uniaxial compressive stress and large signal drive requirements for sound projectors. Selective doping and microstructural control have been used to achieve the desired properties.
The Predialysis Serum Sodium Level Modifies the Effect of Hemodialysis Frequency on Left-Ventricular Mass: The Frequent Hemodialysis Network Trials (2021)

In the FHN Daily Trial, the favorable effects of frequent HD on left-ventricular hypertrophy were more pronounced among patients with lower predialysis SNa and higher GNa and TIFL. Whether these metrics can be used to identify patients most likely to benefit from frequent HD or other dialytic or nondialytic interventions remains to be determined. Prospective, adequately powered studies studying the effect of GNa reduction on mortality and hospitalization are needed.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REARRANGEMENTS OF β,Γ‐CYCLOPROPYL‐β′,Γ′‐EPOXY KETONES (1983)

Abstract Die Photolyse der isomeren Epoxy‐ketone (I), (III) und (V) wird untersucht und liefert isomere Lactone (II), (IV) bzw. (VI).
A Semantic Wiki Alerting Environment Incorporating Credibility and Reliability Evaluation (2010)

In this paper, we describe a system that semantically annotates streams of reports about transnational criminal gangs in order to automatically produce models of the gangs' membership and activities in the form of a semantic wiki. A gang ontology and semantic inferencing are used to annotate the reports and supplement entity and relationship annotations based on the local document context. Reports in the datastream are annotated for reliability and credibility in the proof-of-concept system.
Microcins, Gene‐Encoded Antibacterial Peptides from Enterobacteria (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Local and Systemic Protumorigenic Effects of Cancer-Associated Fibroblast-Derived GDF15 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 66KB, Recombinant GDF15/MIC-1 stimulates prostate cancer cell growth and invasion.&lt;/p&gt;
Streptococcus suis Sequence Type 7 Outbreak, Sichuan, China (2006)

An outbreak of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 emerged in the summer of 2005 in Sichuan Province, and sporadic infections occurred in 4 additional provinces of China. In total, 99 S. suis strains were isolated and analyzed in this study: 88 isolates from human patients and 11 from diseased pigs. We defined 98 of 99 isolates as pulse type I by using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of SmaI-digested chromosomal DNA. Furthermore, multilocus sequence typing classified 97 of 98 members of the pulse type I in the same sequence type (ST), ST-7. Isolates of ST-7 were more toxic to peripheral blood mononuclear cells than ST-1 strains. S. suis ST-7, the causative agent, was a single-locus variant of ST-1 with increased virulence. These findings strongly suggest that ST-7 is an emerging, highly virulent S. suis clone that caused the largest S. suis outbreak ever described.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 3/2012 (2012)

Front Cover: Marine mussels use their threads for attachment to any substratum and these biopolymer gradient fibers show an excellent combination of stiff and soft mechanical properties. A straightforward approach is presented for the preparation of bioinspired macroscopic longitudinal polymer gradient materials on the centimeter scale based on a poly(dimethyl siloxane) system. Fur-ther details can be found in the article by K. U. Claussen, R. Giesa, T. Scheibel, and H.-W. Schmidt* on page 206. Cover image courtesy of Genevieve Anderson.
Automated Insertion of Objects Into an Acoustic Robotic Gripper (2020)

Acoustic levitation forces can be used to manipulate small objects and liquid without mechanical contact or contamination. To use acoustic levitation for contactless robotic grippers, automated insertion of objects into the acoustic pressure field is necessary. This work presents analytical models based on which concepts for the controlled insertion of objects are developed. Two prototypes of acoustic grippers are implemented and used to experimentally verify the lifting of objects into the acoustic field. Using standing acoustic waves and by dynamically adjusting the acoustic power, the lifting of high-density objects (&gt;7 g/cm3) from acoustically transparent surfaces is demonstrated. Moreover, a combination of different acoustic traps is used to lift lower-density objects from acoustically reflective surfaces. The provided results open up new possibilities for the implementation of acoustic levitation in robotic grippers, which have the potential to be used in a variety of industrial applications.
pRb Inactivation in Mammary Cells Reveals Common Mechanisms for Tumor Initiation and Progression in Divergent Epithelia (2004)

Retinoblastoma 1 (pRb) and the related pocket proteins, retinoblastoma-like 1 (p107) and retinoblastoma-like 2 (p130) (pRb(f), collectively), play a pivotal role in regulating eukaryotic cell cycle progression, apoptosis, and terminal differentiation. While aberrations in the pRb-signaling pathway are common in human cancers, the consequence of pRb(f) loss in the mammary gland has not been directly assayed in vivo. We reported previously that inactivating these critical cell cycle regulators in divergent cell types, either brain epithelium or astrocytes, abrogates the cell cycle restriction point, leading to increased cell proliferation and apoptosis, and predisposing to cancer. Here we report that mouse mammary epithelium is similar in its requirements for pRb(f) function; Rb(f) inactivation by T(121), a fragment of SV40 T antigen that binds to and inactivates pRb(f) proteins, increases proliferation and apoptosis. Mammary adenocarcinomas form within 16 mo. Most apoptosis is regulated by p53, which has no impact on proliferation, and heterozygosity for a p53 null allele significantly shortens tumor latency. Most tumors in p53 heterozygous mice undergo loss of the wild-type p53 allele. We show that the mechanism of p53 loss of heterozygosity is not simply the consequence of Chromosome 11 aneuploidy and further that chromosomal instability subsequent to p53 loss is minimal. The mechanisms for pRb and p53 tumor suppression in the epithelia of two distinct tissues, mammary gland and brain, are indistinguishable. Further, this study has produced a highly penetrant breast cancer model based on aberrations commonly observed in the human disease.
Multiscale design of optical metafilms with bianisotropic homogenization (Conference Presentation) (2018)

The multiscale optimization of metafilm-based photonic systems may still remain computationally expensive, especially if the individual unit cell evaluations are not efficient. To circumvent this, we propose the use of effective bianisotropic tiles. In the simplest case, the homogenized metafilm can be obtained using a standard technique that approximates each cell by a tile with effective permittivity and permeability producing the same far-field response. This approach fails in the cases of symmetry breaking inside the cell - the cases common in metafilms with anisotropic unit cells fabricated on substrates. To overcome this problem, we are using bianisotropic homogenization (BAH), where a BA tensor accounts for spatial asymmetries. Here, we introduce new approaches to BAH of metafilms capable to interpolate their angular-dependent and frequency dispersive behavior. Our proposed approach is most general - by taking advantage of the fundamental theorems of linear algebra, we compare the retrieved eigenvalues with known theoretical cases. We verified our approaches with the conventional BAH techniques using normal incidence or tangential surface polarizations. The use of the optical dispersion, based on the generalized dispersive material model imposed by a set of Padé approximants allows for a flexible time-domain operation. Furthermore, accounting for the illumination intensity implies an innovative development of the BAH for non-linear metafilms. We demonstrate that, even with existing limitations, the proposed BAH technique offers extraordinary means for multiscale design of functional metadevices in frequency and time domains with useful expansions to the most general problems of non-linear optics, quantum computing, and imaging.
Abstract 4242: Effects of dual inhibition of EGFR and Aurora A kinase in a lung cancer model (2014)

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related death in the US. Patients with advanced disease generally have a poor prognosis with a median survival of around 10 to 12 months with standard chemotherapy. Astsaturov and colleagues (2010) employed a synthetic lethal screening method and have reported that the combined inhibition of the EGFR and Aurora A kinase pathways had synergistic effect on cancer cell viability in head and neck and colon cancer cell lines suggesting a potential benefit of such combination therapy in patients. Our study aims to examine the effects of combination of erlotinib (E), an EGFR small-molecule inhibitor, and Alisertib (MLN8237, A), an inhibitor of Aurora A kinase, in lung cancer models. Treatment of two human NSCLC cell lines, A549 and H322M, with E+A showed synergistic activity in vitro. These cell lines were chosen for the xenografts studies in CB17 SCID mice. After tumors reached a volume of 100 mm3, mice were treated with E+A for three weeks. The xenografts were sensitive to growth inhibition by E (10 mg/kg/day) and A (20 mg/kg/twice daily) alone and the combination had an additive effect. In order to understand early cell signaling events in tumors treated with these agents we repeated the xenograft experiment by treating mice with a one time dosing of each drug alone and in combination. Three tumors per group were collected at 0 , 6 , 24 , or 48 hours after treatment and a panel of signaling molecules downstream of the EGFR and Aurora A kinase pathways were examined by Western blot. These included EGFR/pEGFR; HER2; HER3; MEK/pMEK; ERK/pERK; Src/pSrc and Akt/pAkt among others. Our results suggest that combined inhibition of both pathways in lung cancer cell lines and xenografts can lead to a reduced proliferative index as indicated by quantitative changes in these proteins and that this combination might be effective as a treatment strategy. A clinical trial with this combination is in progress at our center. Citation Format: Tetyana Bagnyukova, Xiaofan Pan, Jiping Zhang, Brian Egleston, Igor Astsaturov, Erica Golemis, Hossein Borghaei. Effects of dual inhibition of EGFR and Aurora A kinase in a lung cancer model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4242. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4242
F2 excimer laser (157 nm) ablation of polymers: relation of neutral and ionic fragment detection and absorption (2007)

The ablation products of various polymers (triazene polymers, polyimides and glycidyl azide polymer) with 157 nm F&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; laser irradiation were studied with time-of-flight mass spectroscopy, ion probe and white-light interferometry. In contrast to the ablation with longer UV wavelengths, 157 nm irradiation results in non-preferential bond-breaking and a much more pronounced fragmentation into fragments with masses &amp;lt;50 amu. This result suggests a photochemical ablation process that occurs at any bond in the molecule. In addition, ions have been detected at very low fluence similar to the threshold of neutral detection, which is below 30 mJcm&lt;sup&gt;-2&lt;/sup&gt; for the triazene polymers and Kapton. The observation of ions from the onset of ablation suggests a 2-photon ablation mechanism and possibly involves an excited neutral as an intermediate step. The low thresholds were verified by ion probe measurements of the ablation plume and white-light interferometry of the ablated target surface.
Multi-interface Communication: Interface Selection Under Statistical Performance Constraints (2018)

Recent advancements of multipath communications have made a new dimension of resource management accessible focusing on balanced and efficient utilization of available communication alternatives. Dynamic strategies in this context leverage the most up to date information on available interfaces to outperform comparable static versions. In this work, we propose an adaptive strategy that seeks to improve the worst-case performance of a multipath communication system by periodically looking at waiting time bounds of respective subsystems. We compare the performance of the proposed adaptive assignment with established round-robin and join-the-shortest-queue strategies numerically where we observe that our strategy tends to be superior in heterogeneous environments.
Comparison of Quantitative Microbiology and Histopathology in Divided Burn-Wound Biopsy Specimens (1987)

We examined the association between quantitative microbiologic results and histopathologic findings in divided biopsy specimens from 200 burned patients. Microbiologic counts were determined as log10 colony-forming units per gram of disrupted tissue. Histopathologic results were scored on a scale of 1 to 6, values of 4 or greater indicating microbial invasion of viable tissue. Agreement of 96.1% was found between negative cultures, arbitrarily identified as those with fewer than 5 logs/g, and histologic absence of invasive infection. In sharp contrast, however, histologic invasion occurred in only 36% of specimens with positive cultures. Though low tissue counts are essentially synonymous with negative histologic findings, quantitative microbiology is not a diagnostic substitute for histologic examination, since high tissue counts quite commonly do not indicate invasion. The principal value of quantitative burn-wound biopsies is the demonstration of predominant burn-wound flora.
<title>X-ray imaging using lead iodide as a semiconductor detector</title> (1999)

The x-ray imaging performance is reported using polycrystalline lead iodide as a thick semiconductor detector on an active matrix flat panel array. We have developed a test image sensor with 100 micron pixel size in a 512 X 512 format, using amorphous silicon TFTs for matrix addressing. The new 14 bit electronic system allows radiographic and fluoroscopic x-ray imaging. PbI<SUB>2</SUB> has larger x-ray absorption and higher charge generation efficiency than selenium, and has the potential for higher sensitivity imaging. The films are deposited by vacuum sublimation and have been grown thicker than 100 micrometer. Measurements of the carrier transport and charge collection, together with modeling studies show how the x-ray sensitivity depends on the material properties. Imaging measurements find excellent spatial resolution and confirm models of the x-ray sensitivity. Both radiographic and fluoroscopic imaging are demonstrated. While good overall imaging is obtained, the dark leakage current and image lag need further improvement.