gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovering Order in Unordered Datasets: Generative Markov Networks (2017)

The assumption that data samples are independently identically distributed is the backbone of many learning algorithms. Nevertheless, datasets often exhibit rich structures in practice, and we argue that there exist some unknown orders within the data instances. Aiming to find such orders, we introduce a novel Generative Markov Network (GMN) which we use to extract the order of data instances automatically. Specifically, we assume that the instances are sampled from a Markov chain. Our goal is to learn the transitional operator of the chain as well as the generation order by maximizing the generation probability under all possible data permutations. One of our key ideas is to use neural networks as a soft lookup table for approximating the possibly huge, but discrete transition matrix. This strategy allows us to amortize the space complexity with a single model and make the transitional operator generalizable to unseen instances. To ensure the learned Markov chain is ergodic, we propose a greedy batch-wise permutation scheme that allows fast training. Empirically, we evaluate the learned Markov chain by showing that GMNs are able to discover orders among data instances and also perform comparably well to state-of-the-art methods on the one-shot recognition benchmark task.
Ionic conductances in sustentacular cells of the mouse olfactory epithelium (2004)

The electrical properties of sustentacular cells (SCs) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) were investigated in tissue slices taken from neonatal mice (P0-P4). Conventional whole-cell recordings were obtained from SCs and also from olfactory receptor neurones (ORNs) in situ. SCs had a larger apparent cell capacitance (C(cell)) (18.6 +/- 0.5 pF) than ORNs (4.4 +/- 0.4 pF) and a lower apparent membrane resistance (R(m)) (160 +/- 11 MOmega versus 664 +/- 195 MOmega, respectively). When corrected for a seal resistance of 1 GOmega, these mean R(m) values were increased to 190 MOmega and 2 GOmega in SCs and ORNs, respectively. SCs generated a TTX (1 microm)-resistant voltage-activated Na(+) current (I(Na)) that had a peak density at -38 mV of -44 pA pF(-1) and supported action potential firing. Peak current density of I(Na) in neurones was 510 +/- 96 pA pF(-1). The outward K(+) current in SCs was composed (> 70%) of a TEA (2 mm)-sensitive component that was mediated by the opening of large-conductance (237 +/- 10 pS; BK) channels. The resting leak conductance (g(L)) of SCs was permeable to monovalent cations and anions and was largely inhibited by substitution of external Na(+) with NMDG and by internal F(-) with gluconate. g(L) deactivated up to 50% at potentials negative of -70 mV and was inhibited by 18beta-glycyrrhetinic acid (20 mum). SCs were identified using fluorescent dyes (Lucifer Yellow and Alexa Fluor 488) in the whole-cell patch pipette-filling solution. Our findings indicate that SCs in the OE of neonates are electrically excitable and are distinguishable from neurones by a having a resting g(L).
Robotized manufacturing of rubber components for commercialization of the Uppsala University wave energy converter concept (2016)

Robotized manufacturing of rubber components for commercialization of the Uppsala University wave energy converter concept
Charge transport in Navier-Stokes flow (1988)

The physics of charge transport in steady Navier-Stokes flow is modeled using a novel algorithm that considers full coupling of the electrostatic and fluid equations and is applicable to arbitrary geometries. The hybrid boundary element method-method of characteristics approach is used to solve the nonlinear set of charge transport equations. The fluid problem, inclusive of electrohydrodynamic effects, is solved using a vorticity-stream function boundary-integral-equation formulation that does not require vorticity boundary conditions to be specified a priori. A rapid iterative solution is afforded by the use of influence coefficient matrices that simplify reanalysis and recalculation of fields to the product and sum of matrices. The algorithm is fairly robust, and convergence to less than 2% maximum change is attained, with underrelaxation, in less than 15 iterations for moderately high Reynold's numbers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Improved Mobile Robot Programming Performance through Real-time Program Assessment (2017)

The strong interest children show for mobile robots makes these devices potentially powerful to teach programming. Moreover, the tangibility of physical objects and the sociability of interacting with them are added benefits. A key skill that novices in programming have to acquire is the ability to mentally trace program execution. However, because of their embodied and real-time nature, robots make the mental tracing of program execution difficult.
High flexibility CMOS SRAM generator using multiplan architecture (2003)

This paper presents a high flexibility CMOS SRAM generator design methodology. The concept of flexibility space is defined and a new merit factor for memory array generators is proposed. A self-timed form factor adaptative controller sequences the memory operations to potentially generate 30000 memory configurations. Critical memory configurations are isolated and simulated to validate the design. A reference memory configuration featuring 2k/spl times/16 bits has been fabricated using a 0.35 /spl mu/m CMOS process. The chip has 1350/spl times/1570 /spl mu/m dimensions and operates at 100 MHz over a 5.5 V to 2.0 V supply range.
Developing Secure Software: Experiences From an International Software Vendor (2016)

Developing secure software is, in general, challenging and requires and end-to-end secure software development lifecycle. It is particular challenging if the secure software development lifecycle needs to fit the whole range of software products from small mobile apps to large scale enterprise system and needs to be applicable to a wide range of software development methodologies.In this presentation, I will, in general, present the secure software development lifecycle of a a large European software vendor and, in particular, discuss the experiences in rolling out SAST and DAST tools to a world-wide developer community.
Clearance of Aggresome‐Like Inclusion Bodies from SK‐N‐SH Human Neuroblastoma Cells through Increasing Autophagic Flux (2011)

Pathological inclusion bodies containing aggregated proteins are characteristic of various neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's, Alzheimer's and Huntington's disease. Aggresomes and related inclusion bodies may serve as storage depots for the disposal of toxic protein aggregates by the autophagy pathway. One strategy for reducing cytotoxicity associated with aggregated protein accumulation is by enhancing their clearance through activation of autophagy. The SK‐N‐SH human neuroblastoma cell line was induced to form inclusion bodies by incubation with amyloid beta 1–42 peptide, thus mimicking the accumulation of â‐amyloid within neurons in Alzheimer's disease. Members of a focused compound library, containing well‐characterized small molecules with defined modes of action relevant to autophagy, were screened for their impact upon inclusion body accumulation using a fluorogenic dye that selectively highlights aggregated protein cargo. Certain compounds, such as chloroquine, promoted aggregate accumulation. Others, like SMER28, an inducer of autophagy that acts via an mTOR‐independent mechanism to increase autophagosome synthesis and enhance autophagic flux, reduced accumulation of â‐amyloid peptide within the cells. The described cell‐based screening assay facilitates identification of activators of autophagic flux that promote clearance of aggregated protein cargo.
<title>Design of optical components and optical data storage in photochromic sol-gel films containing dithienylethene or azobenzene derivatives</title> (2000)

We present results on photochromic properties of hybrid organic-inorganic host matrices in which dithienylethene or azobenzene derivatives are trapped. Materials were prepared by the sol-gel process in the form of thin films. To increase the photochrome content inside the silica-based gel, modified alkoxysilanes were synthesized. The photochromic functionalized monomers were copolymerized with methyltriethoxysilane or tetraethoxysilane. The study of sol-gel films containing dithienylethene both in the colored and discolored state shows that a large refractive index change, as high as 4.10<SUP>-2</SUP> can be reached. Design of optical components was performed. Furthermore, from the colored state high remnant optical anisotropy can be photo induced by discoloration with linearly polarized visible light. This anisotropy induces a linear dichroism in the visible absorption band and an important birefringence in the near-IR transparency induces a linear dichroism in the visible absorption band and an important birefringence in the near-IR transparency region. Optical data storage is one of the most fascinating potential applications of this effect. Concerning azobenzene containing materials, we took advantage of material deformation, subsequent to the photoisomerization of the photochromes, to design optical components. Thus, stable surface relief gratings having high modulation depth and high diffraction efficiencies were inscribed on hybrid films. Experiments using near-field optical techniques were performed on the two system in order to improve density data storage.
Few-cycle optical pulse production from collimated femtosecond laser beam filamentation (2010)

A scheme for stable shot-to-shot few-cycle pulse production has been realized by launching an initially collimated laser beam into a gas tube. We found that the optimum parameters for the sevenfold compression of 55 fs, 5 mJ, Ti:Sapphire laser pulses are the following: 0.8-0.9 atm argon gas pressure and the registration aperture with a diameter of 300-700 μm. A technique for the efficient extraction of the self-compressed pulse from the desired position along the filament has been provided by moving the registration aperture along the tube. With this technique, pulses as short as 8 fs were detected at a distance of 1 m from the filament starting position, in agreement with numerical simulations performed using a 3D+time axially symmetric code.
In Situ Investigation of the Nature of the Active Surface of a Vanadyl Pyrophosphate Catalyst during n-Butane Oxidation to Maleic Anhydride (2003)

In situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and in situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have been applied to study the active surface of vanadium phosphorus oxide (VPO) catalysts in the course of the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride (MA). The V L3 near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) of VPO is related to the details of the bonding between the central vanadium atom and the surrounding oxygen atoms. Reversible changes of the NEXAFS were observed when going from room temperature to the reaction conditions. These changes are interpreted as dynamic rearrangements of the VPO surface, and the structural rearrangements are related to the catalytic activity of the material that was verified by proton-transfer reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS). The physical origin of the variation of the NEXAFS is discussed and a tentative assignment to specific V−O bonds in the VPO structure is given. In situ XPS investigations were used to elucidate the surface electronic conductivity and to probe the ground state of the NEXAFS spectra.
Education Column (2013)

The Education Column publishes project reports from finalists in the AP-S Student Design Challenge. In this issue, we present the report from the 2012 team from Universidad de Nariño, Columbia: Jesús Alberto Viveros Delgado and Carlos Andrés Viteri Mera. The 2012 design challenge was a biologically inspired antenna system that achieves a long transmission range with a small size.
Thermal Modulation Interface Between Supercritical Fluid Extraction and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (1990)

A thermal modulator that can act as an interface between supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography is developed and tested. The modulator is made of a short segment of a fused silica capillary column, coated on the outside with electrically conductive paint so that it can be heated rapidly by a pulse of electric current. An equivalent of an injection is made internally within a flowing stream containing the sample by alternately heating and cooling the modulator, rather than by introduction through an injection port or a valve.
Persistence and productivity in nondormant alfalfa (1991)

Mortality is substantial in alfalfa stands and may be due to random and natural selection. The effects of selection for persistence on single-plant yield are not well understood. This study examined relationships between yield, nonstructural carbohydrates (TNC), and other agronomic characteristics, and persistence in nondormant alfalfa. S₁ progenies were produced on 60 plants dug from a five-yr-old field of 'CUF-101' (Persistent population) in central AZ and 60 greenhouse-grown CUF-101 plants (Random population). Progenies were sown in a replicated field trial at Tucson, AZ in Oct. 1989. Spring and fall forage yield was significantly lower in the Persistent population than in the Random population. Rate of stem regrowth following harvest was also lower in the Persistent population. S₁ progenies from the Persistent population contained approximately 7.1% more TNC in roots and crowns than the Random population, suggesting that TNC and persistence may be positively correlated. These data suggest that plants in the Persistent population exhibited more conservative growth patterns and that a negative genetic correlation may exist between single-plant yield and persistence. Simultaneous selection for traits associated with productivity and persistence may be necessary.
Small-angle scattering to reveal the colloidal nature of halide perovskite precursor solutions (2021)

We present small-angle scattering as a nanostructural technique to characterize the colloidal nature of perovskite precursor dispersions. The existence of a dynamic colloidal network has been proven to influence the initial stages of crystallization.
Effect of Growth Hormone on Susceptibility to Diet-Induced Obesity (2006)

Mice with a deficiency in GH function due to disruption of the GH receptor/binding protein gene (GHR(-/-)) are long lived, insulin sensitive, and obese, whereas mice with excess GH function due to expression of a bovine GH transgene (bGH) are short lived, glucose intolerant, and lean. When challenged with a high-fat (HF) diet, we hypothesized that these mice would be differentially susceptible to diet-induced obesity. To test this hypothesis, GHR(-/-), bGH, and littermate control (WT) mice were fed a HF diet (40% kcal) or a nutrient-matched low-fat diet (9% kcal) for 12 wk. On the HF diet, all mice, regardless of genotype, showed a similar percent weight gain and exhibited a significant increase in percent body fat and the mass of epididymal, retroperitoneal, and sc fat pads. For bGH mice, the increase in adipose tissue was relatively small, compared with the WT or GHR(-/-) mice, suggesting some resiliency, although not immunity, to diet-induced obesity. GHR(-/-) mice, which are relatively obese on a low-fat diet, responded to the dietary challenge in a manner similar to WT controls. With HF feeding, all genotypes experienced an increase in insulin levels and depot-dependent effect of adipose tissue. Together, these results further support a role for GH in energy balance regulation and nutrient partitioning. More importantly, because there were genotype-specific effects of diet, these data stress the importance of diet selection and sampling multiple adipose depots in studies with these mouse models.
Adaptive Cruise Control for Heavy-Duty Vehicles: A Torque-Based Approach (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Adaptive cruise control (ACC) has been demonstrated to improve driver comfort, safety and highway traffic flow. It also has the potential to reduce fuel consumption and vehicle emissions. In addition to maintaining constant time headway under various driving scenarios, a commercial ACC system should be robust against varying vehicle and road parameters and radar measurement inaccuracies to ensure consistent performance and wide-scale application. The robustness property is particularly critical for heavy-duty vehicle applications where the vehicle mass can vary significantly. The paper presents a torque-based ACC system for heavy-duty vehicles that achieves a significant level of parameter robustness. The torque control is realized through the application of SAE J1939 engine torque limiting commands and through the activation of the engine retarder (engine/compression brake). Both simulation and road test results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the ACC system.&lt;/div&gt;
RMS Focal Spot: The REAL Focal Spot? (1980)

There is a well recognized and urgent need for an objective method to establish a meaningful label describing focal spot performance, or "effective size." The present standard is based on deriving a "size" descriptor from the measurement of the distance between certain features in a radiograph made with one of the various focal spot cameras. Such features are "preceptible edges", "extent of the intensity distribution", or "blur zones". However, (1) the interpretation and/or location of such features is often subjective, (2) the derived number is in many cases not a measure of an "effective" size indicative of focal spot performance or resulting geometrical unsharpness of the image. An observer independent size descriptor is the "RMS Focal Spot", which also appears to describe focal spot performance well. A slit camera and a densitometer are the basic tools for its derivation. We are proposing the principles of both a standard labeling method and a "minimum effort" quality control procedure for focal spots.
Ligand-Induced Reductive Elimination of Ethane from Azopyridine Palladium Dimethyl Complexes (2018)

Reductive elimination (RE) is a critical step in many catalytic processes. The reductive elimination of unsaturated groups (aryl, vinyl and ethynyl) from Pd(II) species is considerably faster than RE of saturated alkyl groups. Pd(II) dimethyl complexes ligated by chelating diimine ligands are stable toward RE unless subjected to a thermal or redox stimulus. Herein, we report the spontaneous RE of ethane from (azpy)PdMe<sub>2</sub> complexes and the unique role of the redox-active azopyridine (azpy) ligands in facilitating this reaction. The (azpy)PdMe<sub>2</sub> complexes are air- and moisture-stable in the solid form, but they readily produce ethane upon dissolution in polar solvents at temperatures from 10 °C to room temperature without the need for an external oxidant or elevated temperatures. Experimental and computational studies indicate that a bimolecular methyl transfer precedes the reductive elimination step, where both steps are facilitated by the redox-active azopyridine ligand.
Reply to ‘Physical limitations on broadband invisibility based on fast-light media’ (2021)

e appreciate the study by Abdelrahman et al. Such discussions are, in general, helpful as they can elucidate subtle issues. We are therefore pleased to herein provide further results that clarify and corroborate the findings of our original work 2 . In particular, in the following we show, using a concrete example, that broadband, stable, causal, fast-light aided invisibility is indeed possible for electrically-small objects (even when only gain media are used as a fast-light cloak), and we explain how and where our disagreement with Abdelrahman et al. arises.
Methadone and its metabolite N-demethyl methadone, inhibit azt glucuronidation in vitro. (1996)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1996) 59, 168–168; doi: 10.1038/sj.clpt.1996.173
A keyphrase based approach to interactive meeting summarization (2008)

Rooted in multi-document summarization, maximum marginal rel-evance (MMR) is a widely used algorithm for meeting summariza-tion (MS). A major problem in extractive MS using MMR is nding a proper query: the centroid based query which is commonly used in the absence of a manually specied query, can not signicantly outperform a simple baseline system. We introduce a simple yet robust algorithm to automatically extract keyphrases (KP) from a meeting which can then be used as a query in the MMR algorithm. We show that the KP based system signicantly outperforms both baseline and centroid based systems. As human rened KPs show even better summarization performance, we outline how to integrate the KP approach into a graphical user interface allowing interactive summarization to match the user’s needs in terms of summary length and topic focus.
Conditions for Guaranteed Convergence in Sensor and Source Localization (2007)

This paper considers localization of a source or a sensor from distance measurements. We argue that linear algorithms proposed for this purpose are susceptible to poor noise performance. Instead given a set of sensors/anchors of known positions and measured distances of the source/sensor to be localized from them, we propose a potentially nonconvex weighted cost function whose global minimum estimates the location of the source/sensor one seeks. The contribution of this paper is to provide nontrivial ellipsoidal and polytopic regions surrounding these sensors/anchors of known positions, such that if the object to be localized is in this region localization occurs by globally convergent gradient descent. This has implication to the deployment of sensors/anchors to achieve a desired level of geographical coverage.
Modeling and Simulation of Multiphysics Systems (2005)

Abstract A survey on the evolution of modeling and simulation (M&amp;S) technologies related to multiphysics systems is presented. The concept of a context space for M&amp;S is defined in terms of coexisting fields, domains of interaction, length scales, and computational technologies. Past and present efforts comprising this context space are described as well as their relationship to product development [i.e., efforts of ASME’s Computer and Information in Engineering (CIE) division]. A retrospective of general procedures for developing multifield and multidomain formulations is elucidated for the case fluid-structure interaction pertaining to linear and nonlinear aeroelasticity and aerothermoelasticity as they mostly relate to aerospace applications. Multiscale methodologies and computational technologies associated with M&amp;S generation follow. The evolution of computational and information technologies are also described as they relate to multiphysics M&amp;S. Future potential trends associated with all of these areas conclude this work.
The oil palm VIRESCENS gene controls fruit colour and encodes a R2R3-MYB (2014)

Oil palm, a plantation crop of major economic importance in Southeast Asia, is the predominant source of edible oil worldwide. We report the identification of the virescens (VIR) gene, which controls fruit exocarp colour and is an indicator of ripeness. VIR is a R2R3-MYB transcription factor with homology to Lilium LhMYB12 and similarity to Arabidopsis production of anthocyanin pigment1 (PAP1). We identify five independent mutant alleles of VIR in over 400 accessions from sub-Saharan Africa that account for the dominant-negative virescens phenotype. Each mutation results in premature termination of the carboxy-terminal domain of VIR, resembling McClintock's C1-I allele in maize. The abundance of alleles likely reflects cultural practices, by which fruits were venerated for magical and medicinal properties. The identification of VIR will allow selection of the trait at the seed or early-nursery stage, 3-6 years before fruits are produced, greatly advancing introgression into elite breeding material.