gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using expert judgments to improve chronic wasting disease risk management in Canada (2016)

ABSTARCT Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a neurodegenerative, protein misfolding disease affecting cervids in North America in epidemic proportions. While the existence of CWD has been known for more than 40 years, risk management efforts to date have not been able to curtail the spread of this condition. An expert elicitation exercise was carried out in May 2011 to obtain the views of international experts on both the etiology of CWD and possible CWD risk management strategies. This study presents the results of the following three components of the elicitation exercise: (1) expert views of the most likely scenarios for the evolution of the CWD among cervid populations in Canada, (2) ranking analyses of the importance of direct and indirect transmission routes, and (3) rating analyses of CWD control measures in farmed and wild cervids. The implications of these findings for the development of CWD risk management strategies are described in a Canadian context.
Bestrijding van plagen met CATT beloftevol (2012)

Aanpassingen van de samenstelling van lucht in combinatie met hoge temperatuur inzetten tegen fytosanitaire problemen als aaltjes. PPO Boomkwekerij en Food & Biobased Research van WUR onderzochten hiervan de mogelijkheden. De eerste resultaten bieden perspectief.
Nickel-catalyzed intramolecular [4+4] cycloadditions. 4. Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-asteriscanolide (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNickel-catalyzed intramolecular [4+4] cycloadditions. 4. Enantioselective total synthesis of (+)-asteriscanolidePaul A. Wender, Nathan C. Ihle, and Carlos R. D. CorreiaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 17, 5904–5906Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00225a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00225a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2345Altmetric-Citations150LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Characterization of an Androgen-Specific Response Region Within the 5′ Flanking Region of the Murine Epididymal Retinoic Acid Binding Protein Gene1 (2000)

The epididymis provides the optimal milieu for sperm maturation and storage. Epididymal secretory proteins are believed to be involved in that process. Androgens are the major endocrine and paracrine regulatory signals that regulate gene expression in the epididymis. We have previously identified an androgen-dependent retinoic acid-binding protein (mE-RABP) that is secreted into the luminal fluid from the mouse mid/distal caput epididymidis. The mE-RABP protein belongs to the lipocalin superfamily and may be involved in the trafficking of retinoic acid within the epididymis. We have recently demonstrated that 5 kilobases of the 5' flanking region of the mE-RABP gene contained all the information for the hormonal regulation and the tissue-, region-, and cell-specific expression of the mE-RABP gene. In this study, we have identified a complex androgen-specific response region (ARR) within the first 600 base pairs of the mE-RABP gene promoter. Androgen (DHT) but not glucocorticoid (DEX) activates the ARR in HeLa and PC-3 cells. Two androgen receptor binding sites have been located at positions -445/-459 and -102/-88 and were named ARBS-1 and ARBS-0, respectively. Point mutations of ARBS-0 resulted in a slight decrease of the androgen response. However, mutations of ARBS-1 led to a total loss of the androgen responsiveness, suggesting that it was a major cis-acting element. When ARBS-1 is isolated from its promoter context, it serves as a weak androgen-responsive element that was activated by both androgens and glucocorticoids. Also, the -543/-88 DNA promoter fragment behaved as a poor androgen-responsive region, suggesting that regulatory elements located within the proximal mE-RABP promoter were required for a full androgen response. In conclusion, the mE-RABP ARR is a good model for the study of molecular mechanisms that lead to an androgen-specific responsiveness in vivo.
Supplemental Figure Legends from AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

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In vivo Bioactivity of a Mineral Based Orthopaedic Biocement (2005)

Due to the shortcomings of the PMMA and calcium phosphate cements in many orthopedic applications there is a constant development of new cement formulations. This article describes an injectable chemically bonded ceramic based on the Mayernite-Marokite-Grossite mineral system. This article focuses on the chemical interactions between material and bone tissue. The interface between bone and the bioceramic material was studied using electron microscopy after 6 weeks of implantation in a model involving injection of the non-cured paste into drilled cavities in the tibia condyle of rabbits. After termination the implants were fixated, cut and embedded in resin. The embedded implants were polished and subsequently studied by electron microscopy. To give a general overview of the interface, SEM combined with EDS was used. More in-depth studies were done using TEM combined with EDS and electron diffraction. To prepare the TEM samples, focused ion beam (FIB) technique was used, facilitating a very precise control of the sample site. As reference, PMMA cement was also studied. The studies reveal the biocement to be bioactive, i.e. to form chemical and biological bonding between the biocement and bone tissue. No sharp interface could be found even at very high magnification in TEM indicating cellular interaction. techniques and the areas of research have also been emphasized.
New pulse shapes for effective neural stimulation (2009)

Electrical stimulation of neural structures is the basis of spinal cord stimulation (for pain therapy) as well as deep brain stimulation (for the therapy of neurological and psychiatric disorders). In deep brain stimulation, an electrical stimulus pulse is applied permanently or in pulse trains via an implanted electrode to selective brain regions. Recent applications tend to excite the neural structures up to a level at which they will eventually fire an action potential. Thus the neuronal activity within a region can be influenced. In order to carry out safe stimulation and prevent tissue or electrode damage, the waveform generally consists of biphasic, charge-balanced pulses. Effective yet gentle stimulation is of prime importance to aid in the prevention of side effects and in conserving the battery life of implants. We have developed new pulse shapes and tested these with different parameters for their effectiveness based on numerical simulations using the Hodgkin-Huxley neuron model. Our results show a predominance of the new pulse shapes over the widely used standard pulse shape while key requirements to the waveform are maintained. from Eighteenth Annual Computational Neuroscience Meeting: CNS*2009 Berlin, Germany. 18–23 July 2009
Structural and functional characterization of the abnormal Z α1‐antitrypsin isolated from human liver (1984)

alpha 1-Antitrypsin has been isolated from liver inclusion bodies of a subject with a homozygous Z deficiency. The inhibitor was recovered in a fully active form by extraction in high salt at either pH 2.0 or pH 8.0. Carbohydrate analysis indicated a protein in the 'high mannose' form, and this was collaborated by its sensitivity to endo-beta N-glucosaminidase. These data suggest that the abnormal alpha 1-antitrypsin is blocked in the secretory pathway prior to its entrance into the Golgi, and that this blockage is not due to a gross misfolding of the polypeptide.
Electrochemically Mediated Ion Transport in Layered Materials (2017)

Layered materials are desirable for energy storage as they offer opportunity for facile ion transport in two dimensions. In some cases, interlayer spacing can change significantly upon ion insertion and deinsertion, while in others the material structure can be largely maintained during the discharge and charge process. Progress involving synthesis, characterization and electrochemical investigation of select examples from the families of vanadium, iron, and manganese oxide systems will be discussed.
Outcomes of Patients With Chronic Renal Insufficiency in the Bypass Angioplasty Revascularization Investigation (2002)

CKD is associated with an increased risk of recurrent hospitalization, subsequent CABG, and mortality. This increased risk of death is independent of and additive to the risk associated with diabetes.
Orthogonal Amplification of Nanoparticles for Improved Diagnostic Sensing (2012)

There remains an ongoing need for fast, highly sensitive, and quantitative technologies that can detect and profile rare cells in freshly harvested samples. Recent developments in nanomaterial-based detection platforms provide advantages over traditional approaches in terms of signal sensitivity, stability, and the possibility for performing multiplexed measurements. Here, we describe a bioorthogonal, nanoparticle amplification technique capable of rapid augmentation of detection sensitivities by up to 1-2 orders of magnitude over current methods. This improvement in sensitivity was achieved by (i) significantly reducing background noise arising from nonspecific nanoparticle binding, (ii) increasing nanomaterial binding through orthogonal rounds of amplification, and (iii) implementing a cleavage step to improve assay robustness. The developed method allowed sensitive detection and molecular profiling of scant tumor cells directly in unpurified human clinical samples such as ascites. With its high sensitivity and simplified assay steps, this technique will likely have broad utility in nanomaterial-based diagnostics.
Design of Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives by Free-Radical Emulsion Copolymerization of Methyl Methacrylate and 2-Ethylhexyl Acrylate. 1. Kinetic Study and Tack Properties (2001)

Pressure-sensitive adhesives must develop simultaneously two conflicting properties: adhesion and cohesion. To fulfill these requirements, it is imaginable to synthesize suitable materials by free-radical emulsion copolymerization of complementary monomers: methyl methacrylate (MMA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA). The copolymerization kinetics of various MMA/EHA mixtures is studied using a “batch” process. In all cases, the reaction proceeds at a steady-state rate and the copolymer composition (evaluated by 1H NMR analysis) is quite proportional to the conversion degree. The tack properties of films obtained by coalescence of the latexes are evaluated using a “mechano-optical tack tester”, which allows one to determine the tack strength (Ftack), the tack energy (Gtack), and the actual contact area (A) as functions of time. These tack properties are correlated with the copolymers and adhesive film structures.
Piezoelectric Based Flow Power Harvesting for Downhole Environment (2015)

Abstract There is a critical need for robust and reliable downhole power generation and storage technologies in order to push the boundaries of downhole sensing and control. Downhole power harvesting is an enabling technology for a wide range of future production systems and applications including self-powered downhole monitoring, downhole robotics, and wireless intelligent completions. This paper provides an analysis of available ambient energy sources in the downhole environment, and various energy harvesting techniques that can be employed to provide a reliable solution. Advantages and limitations of conventional technique like turbine are compared to advanced energy harvesting technologies. The power requirements and technical challenges related to different downhole applications have also been addressed. We have also presented a single-phase flow energy harvesting system based on vortex-induced vibrations by employing a bluff body in fluid flow. A laboratory experimental setup was developed that consists of a 2” flow loop, piezoelectric energy harvester, power management module, and capacitor storage. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of the vortex-induced flow-vibrations for our setup have been presented. The generated vortex shedding frequencies and generated power in the flow loop is very low, which suggests requirement of a reliable rechargeable battery. Finally, recommendations are made for improvement and achieving the goal of practical implementation of downhole power harvesting.
Electrophysiologic evidence of increased distractibility after dorsolateral prefrontal lesions (1986)

Patients with left prefrontal lesions and control subjects showed enhanced event-related potentials (ERPs) to attended tone sequences presented in a dichotic attention task. ERP enhancements were comparable at short and long interstimulus intervals (ISIs), and did not depend upon whether attended stimuli were preceded by other attended stimuli or by distracting stimuli in the opposite ear. In contrast, patients with right prefrontal lesions showed absent ERP attention effects to contralateral (left ear) tones at all ISIs, and reduced attention effects to ipsilateral tones at long ISIs and when these were preceded by distracting sounds. The results are consistent with an asymmetric organization of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and indicate that increased distractibility may contribute to the attention disorders that follow prefrontal lesions.
Liquid monopropellant ignition by acoustic cavitation (1975)

It is known that acoustic cavitation can provide an effective means of concentrating mechanical energy; the pressure inside a collapsing cavity may reach thousands of bars and the temperature thousands of degrees. Liquid propellants have been considered for use in large military guns for several years but lack of internal ballistics control has prevented their implementation. An acoustic technique, utilizing cavitation, is being examined for possible use in one specific problem area, propellant ignition. It has been determined that an acoustic horn, developing an intensity of approximately 20 W at its tip, can initiate in the propellant free oxygen release, metal oxidation, and, in certain instances, ignition. It is suggested that this technique has possible use as an ignitor in a liquid propellant gun or as a sensitivity-test mechanism for various propellant lots. [Work supported by the Naval Ordnance Station, Indian Head, Maryland.]
The Effect of Coordination Pattern and 5ƒ Electron Configuration on Organoactinide Reactivity (1976)

This article discusses developments in two fields of organoactinide chemistry: sigma-bonded actinide organometallics and actinide ions as templates in ligand cyclization reactions. The marked thermal stability of (η5-C5H5)3U-R and (η5-C5H5)3Th-R compounds results largely from coordinative saturation which thwarts decomposition via β-hydride elimination as well as other routes. Thermolysis of these compounds occurs by intramolecular elimination of R-H. The coordinatively unsaturated UR4 and ThR4 compounds are less thermally stable, and they decompose where possible by hydride elimination. The organometallic product of (η5-C5H5)3ThR thermolysis is (η5-C5H5)2Th(η1:5-C5H4)2Th(η5-C5H5)2 which suggests the importance of an intermediate (η1-C5H4)Th(η5-C5H5)2 carbene complex-ylid species. When phthalocyanine condensations are carried out in the presence of uranyl ion, a complex of the macrocyclic superphthalocyanine ligand, a five-subunit, expanded analog of phthalocyanine, is obtained.
QPM wavelength converters based on stoichiometric lithium tantalate (2005)

We report recent developments in periodically-poled stoichiometric lithium tantalate, suitable for high-power operation due to high thermal conductivity. Reduction of optical scattering and extension of effective apertures are reported by choosing appropriate poling parameters.
Antitumor activity of fungal metabolites: verrucarin beta-9, 10-epoxides. (1978)

Investigation of the surface composition of powders often requires compaction. To study the effect of compaction on surface analysis, samples have been compacted at various pressures ranging from 0 Pa (i.e. no compaction) up to 2000 MPa (2 × 104 kg cm-2) Low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) was used to determine the composition of the outermost atomic surface layer. Using scanning electron microscopy, changes in the morphology due to compaction have been detected in the SiO2 test samples. The LEIS yield of a compacted silica powder is found to be independent of the applied pressure during compaction between 2 MPa and 2000 MPa (2 × 104 kg cm-2). Analysis of a submonolayer of Ta2O5 on a silica support shows that the composition of the outermost atomic layer is not changed after compaction up to a pressure of at least 300 MPa. When compaction is applied, the absolute LEIS yield appears to be independent of the specific surface area of silica supports in the range 50–380 m2 g-1. A minor difference in LEIS signals is observed between compacted silica supports and flat quartz samples. In order to determine the surface roughness factor independently, and to study the material dependence of the surface roughness factor, angle-dependent LEIS measurements have been carried out on oxidized silicon, gallium and gold surfaces. The results on the oxidized silicon confirm the small influence of surface roughness for silica particles, whereas measurements on the more closely packed metallic gallium and gold surfaces indicate a significant surface roughness effect. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley &amp;amp; Sons, Ltd.
Ptychographic X-ray nanotomography quantifies mineral distributions in human dentine (2015)

Bones are bio-composites with biologically tunable mechanical properties, where a polymer matrix of nanofibrillar collagen is reinforced by apatite mineral crystals. Some bones, such as antler, form and change rapidly, while other bone tissues, such as human tooth dentine, develop slowly and maintain constant composition and architecture for entire lifetimes. When studying apatite mineral microarchitecture, mineral distributions or mineralization activity of bone-forming cells, representative samples of tissue are best studied at submicrometre resolution while minimizing sample-preparation damage. Here, we demonstrate the power of ptychographic X-ray tomography to map variations in the mineral content distribution in three dimensions and at the nanometre scale. Using this non-destructive method, we observe nanostructures surrounding hollow tracts that exist in human dentine forming dentinal tubules. We reveal unprecedented quantitative details of the ultrastructure clearly revealing the spatially varying mineralization density. Such information is essential for understanding a variety of natural and therapeutic effects for example in bone tissue healing and ageing.
Genetic and immunologic features of recurrent stage I lung adenocarcinoma (2021)

Although surgery for early-stage lung cancer offers the best chance of cure, recurrence still occurs between 30 and 50% of the time. Why patients frequently recur after complete resection of early-stage lung cancer remains unclear. Using a large cohort of stage I lung adenocarcinoma patients, distinct genetic, genomic, epigenetic, and immunologic profiles of recurrent tumors were analyzed using a novel recurrence classifier. To characterize the tumor immune microenvironment of recurrent stage I tumors, unique tumor-infiltrating immune population markers were identified using single cell RNA-seq on a separate cohort of patients undergoing stage I lung adenocarcinoma resection and applied to a large study cohort using digital cytometry. Recurrent stage I lung adenocarcinomas demonstrated higher mutation and lower methylation burden than non-recurrent tumors, as well as widespread activation of known cancer and cell cycle pathways. Simultaneously, recurrent tumors displayed downregulation of immune response pathways including antigen presentation and Th1/Th2 activation. Recurrent tumors were depleted in adaptive immune populations, and depletion of adaptive immune populations and low cytolytic activity were prognostic of stage I recurrence. Genomic instability and impaired adaptive immune responses are key features of stage I lung adenocarcinoma immunosurveillance escape and recurrence after surgery.
Origin of the spectral linewidth in nonlinear spin-transfer oscillators based on MgO tunnel junctions (2009)

We demonstrate the strong impact of the oscillator nonlinearity on the line broadening by studying spin-transfer-induced microwave emission in MgO-based tunnel junctions as a function of both the injected dc current and the temperature. In addition, we give clear evidences that the intrinsic noise is not dominated by thermal fluctuations but rather by the chaotization of the magnetic system induced by the spin transfer torque. A consequence is that the spectral linewidth is almost not reduced in decreasing the temperature.
Wearable sensor system for human localization and motion capture (2017)

Recent advances in MEMS wearable inertial/magnetic sensors and mobile computing have fostered a dramatic growth of interest for ambulatory human motion capture (MoCap). Compared to traditional optical MoCap systems such as the optical systems, inertial (i.e. accelerometer and gyroscope) and magnetic sensors do not require external fixtures such as cameras. Hence, they do not have in-the-lab measurement limitations and thus are ideal for ambulatory applications. However, due to the manufacturing process of MEMS sensors, existing wearable MoCap systems suffer from drift error and accuracy degradation over time caused by time-varying bias. The goal of this research is to develop algorithms based on multi-sensor fusion and machine learning techniques for precise tracking of human motion and location using wearable inertial sensors integrated with absolute localization technologies. The main focus of this research is on true ambulatory applications in active sports (e.g., skiing) and entertainment (e.g., gaming and filmmaking), and health-status monitoring. For active sports and entertainment applications, a novel sensor fusion algorithm is developed to fuse inertial data with magnetic field information and provide drift-free estimation of human body segment orientation. This concept is further extended to provide ubiquitous indoor/outdoor localization by fusing wearable inertial/magnetic sensors with global navigation satellite system (GNSS), barometric pressure sensor and ultra-wideband (UWB) localization technology. For health applications, this research is focused on longitudinal tracking of walking speed as a fundamental indicator of human well-being. A regression model is developed to map inertial information from a single waist or ankle-worn sensor to walking speed. This approach is further developed to estimate walking speed using a wrist-worn device (e.g., a smartwatch) by extracting the arm swing motion intensity and frequency by combining sensor fusion and principal component analysis.