gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ce–Zr materials with a high surface area as catalyst supports for hydrogenation of CO2 (2020)

The most promising way of CO 2 utilization is its catalytic conversion into valuable products, in particular, the direct hydrogenation of CO 2 on heterogeneous catalysts to obtain such products as synthesis gas, hydrocarbons, alcohols, esters, carboxylic acids, and some other organic molecules. Heterogeneous iron-based catalysts possess a special position among the promising candidates for the synthesis of CO 2 -based hydrocarbons. However, individual iron oxide catalysts have a fairly low surface area, which requires their deposition on the support or modification. CeO 2 is rather attractive in catalysis because of its high oxygen storage capacity. The most effective thermal stabilizer of CeO 2 is ZrO 2 . In this work, cerium–zirconium systems with various Ce to Zr ratios were synthesized by the method of coprecipitation in the absence and presence of the hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide template. These systems were characterized by adsorption of N 2 , XRD, and DTA-TG-DTG and used as supports for 5% Fe catalysts. The activity of synthesized Fe-containing catalysts was investigated in the reaction of CO 2 hydrogenation. The developed surface and the presence of cerium in the supports are the possible reasons for the high activity of Fe-containing catalysts in the hydrogenation reaction of CO 2 .
A formal hybrid modeling scheme for handling discontinuities in physical system models (1996)

Physical systems are by nature continuous, but often exhibit nonlinearities that make behavior generation complex and hard to analyze. Complexity is often reduced by linearizing model constraints and by abstracting the time scale for behavior generation. In either case, the physical components are modeled to operate in multiple modes, with abrupt changes between modes. This paper discusses a hybrid modeling methodology and analysis algorithms that combine continuous energy ow modeling and localized discrete signal ow modeling to generate complex, multi-mode behavior in a consistent and correct manner. Energy phase space analysis is employed to demonstrate the correctness of the algorithm, and the reachability of a continuous mode.
Emergent properties of referral systems (2003)

Agents must decide with whom to interact, which is nontrivial when no central directories are available. A classical decentralized approach is referral systems, where agents adaptively give referrals to one another. We study the emergent properties of referral systems, especially those dealing with their quality, efficiency, and structure. Our key findings are (1) pathological graph structures can emerge due to some neighbor selection policies and (2) if these are avoided, quality and efficiency depend on referral policies. Further, authorities emerge automatically and the extent of their relative authoritativeness depends on the policies.
Treatment of Naïve HCC Combined with Segmental or Subsegmental Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis: Liver Resection Versus TACE Followed by Radiotherapy (2018)

Although LR yielded higher PFS than TACE-RT in HCC with Vp1 or Vp2 PVTT with similar acute complications, the difference in PFS between the LR and TACE-RT groups was significantly affected by tumor morphology.
Charge-transport kinetics of dissolved redox-active polymers for rational design of flow batteries (2022)

Charge-transport kinetics of redox-active polymers is essential in designing electrochemical devices. We formulate the homogeneous and heterogeneous charge-transfer processes of the redox-active polymers dissolved in electrolytes. The critical electrochemical parameters, the apparent diffusion coefficient of charge transport (<i>D</i> <sub>app</sub>) and standard electrochemical reaction constant (<i>k</i> <sup>0</sup>), are estimated by considering the physical diffusion <i>D</i> <sub>phys</sub> of polymer chains (<i>D</i> <sub>app</sub>, <i>k</i> <sup>0</sup> ∝ <i>D</i> <sub>phys</sub>). The models are validated with previously reported compounds and newly synthesized hydrophilic macromolecules. Solution-type cells are examined to analyze their primary responses from the electrochemical viewpoints.
Identification of the specific, shutter-like conformational reorientation in a chiroptical switching polycarbodiimide by VCD spectroscopy (2014)

The specific conformational states responsible for the unique, reversible temperature- and solvent-driven chiroptical switching process experienced by poly(N-1-naphthyl-N'-octadecyl-carbodiimide) (PNOC) have been identified using VCD spectroscopy and DFT calculations. The distinct VCD spectra of PNOC corresponding to the two specific conformations were obtained for the polymer dissolved in DCM-d2 (state A) and CDCl3 (predominantly state B). To specifically assign the structures of both conformations, two simplified 7mer models were constructed and optimized using DFT calculations. The theoretical spectra associated with these model conformations show a high level of agreement when compared to the experimental VCD spectra. The two states consist of the naphthyl pendant groups aligned directionally opposing the helical rotation (model A) and aligned with the helicity of the backbone (model B). This pendant reorientation causes very large OR and ECD Cotton effect inversions upon modification to the temperature or solvent composition of dilute (+)-PNOC solutions in specific solvents. In addition, the pendant group equilibrium from state A to B causes a contraction of the helical pitch from the more expanded 5/1 pitch to the more contracted 7/2 pitch resulting in increased disorder of the solvation sphere surrounding the polymer chain.
Исследование процесса автоэмиссии графитизированных слоев на поверхности карбида кремния (2011)

The role of nitric oxide (NO) in endogenous norepinephrine (NE) release in the perfused isolated rat mesenteric vasculature was examined. NE overflow elicited by electrical field stimulation (EFS) at various frequencies was significantly smaller at 24 than at 37 degrees C. The pressor response upon EFS at 8 and 10 Hz, however, was higher at 24 than at 37 degrees C. When production of NO was blocked by N omega-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA), NE overflow upon EFS at each frequency of stimulation was diminished by 50% at 37 degrees C but remained unchanged at 24 degrees C, whereas the pressor response elicited by EFS became greater at 37 than at 24 degrees C. These effects of L-NNA were reversed by L-arginine, but not by its D-enantiomer. Sodium nitroprusside, an NO donor, increased EFS-elicited NE overflow at 24 degrees C but had no effect at 37 degrees C. These results demonstrate that NE release is NO dependent and NO independent. The NO-dependent mechanism is more sensitive to cooling than the NO-independent mechanism. The increase in EFS-elicited perfusion pressure at 24 degrees C may be due to reduction in synthesis of NO (a potent vasodilator), thus unmasking the effect of NE and other noncatecholamine vasoconstrictors.
Data from Plasma Fibronectin Promotes Lung Metastasis by Contributions to Fibrin Clots and Tumor Cell Invasion (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The attachment of circulating tumor cells to the blood vessels of distant organs is an important step in metastasis. We show here that experimental lung metastasis by two cell lines, B16F1 melanoma and 3LL lung carcinoma, is greatly reduced in transgenic mice that lack plasma fibronectin. This multifunctional adhesive glycoprotein becomes cross-linked to fibrin during clotting. Here, we report that eliminating plasma fibronectin from the blood circulation reverses the prometastatic effects of blood clotting and tumor cell integrin αvβ3. &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; studies showed that fibrin-fibronectin complexes, but not purified fibrin, supported tumor cell attachment and invasion. These functions correlate with the ability of fibrin-fibronectin complexes to induce the activation of integrin αvβ3. Our findings reveal an important contribution of plasma fibronectin in lung metastasis. Furthermore, they suggest that the previously noted effects of blood clotting on lung metastasis might be mediated in part by a fibronectin-αvβ3 integrin axis, in which plasma fibronectin has to be incorporated into the blood clot. Cancer Res; 70(11); 4327–34. ©2010 AACR.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Mathematical models for optimized analysis of nucleic acids (2004)

Nucleic acid sequencing is a routine task in modern biology. Sequencing is either performed de novo, where the target nucleic acid sequence is unknown, or in a diagnostic setting, where there is a reference sequence available for comparison. Diagnostic sequencing in this context is also known as resequencing. Virtually all de novo sequencing is still performed using the Sanger method, using primers, polymerases, chain terminating dideoxynucleotides and electrophoresis. However, there are several newer technologies available for diagnostic applications, including mass spectrometry and DNA hybridization arrays. In this thesis I present the theoretical framework for three related methods for nucleic acid analysis that extend the utility of mass spectrometry and hybridization arrays to de novo sequencing. These methods exploit certain unusual patterns and mathematical relationships that are present in DNA itself. In the case of mass spectrometry the mathematical relationships exist between the molecular masses of nucleotides and polynucleotides, while for hybridization arrays, these are base sequence patterns. The three methods are: (1) Forced Mass Modulation, a general method for controlling the distribution of masses in groups of oligo- or polynucleotides; (2) Partial Sequencing by Fragmentation, a method for de novo detection of known subsequences in a target nucleic acid by mass spectrometry; and (3) Inference Sequencing by Hybridization, an optimized design for de novo sequencing using oligonucleotide probe arrays. These three techniques can be implemented using recently developed enzymatic and chemical methods for the manipulation of DNA.
WIPP/SRL in-situ tests: MIIT program--The effects of metal package components (1991)

The Materials Interface Interactions Tests or MIIT is the largest in-situ testing program in progress, involving burial of many simulated nuclear waste systems and accompanying package components. In MIIT, waste glass samples were fabricated into the shape of `pineapple slices`, polished on one side. Proposed package components were also made into a similar configuration and the various glasses, metals, and geologic samples were than stacked onto heater elements within Teflon assemblies. This produced interactions of interest by creating glass/glass, glass/salt, and glass/metal interfaces. Since the outer diameter of the metal was smaller than the outer diameter of the glass, a lip was created which was also produced a glass/liquid interface, which was also studied. Overall, a total of 50 stacks or assemblies of pineapple slices were created in seven different stacking arrangements. Each individual assembly was then installed in an instrumented borehole at WIPP. Brine was then added to most of boreholes and the assemblies heated and maintained at 90{degrees}C. This was achieved by energizing the central heating and rod that traversed through the middle opening of each of the pineapple slices in each assembly. Due to the design of these units, glass, metal and geologic samples could be removed at time intervals of 6 mos., 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years. Currently, all but the 5 year samples have been removed from test and are being evaluated in laboratories of MIIT participants.
New measurement of BR(D+→ρ0μ+ν)BR(D+→K¯∗0μ+ν) branching ratio (2006)

Using data collected by the FOCUS experiment at Fermilab, we present a new measurement of the charm semileptonic branching ratio BR(D+ -> rho0 mu+ nu)/BR(D+ -> K*0 mu+ nu). From a sample of 320+-44 and 11372+-161 D+ -> rho0 mu+ nu and D+ -> K*0 mu+ nu events respectively, we find BR(D+ -> rho0 mu+ nu)/BR(D+ -> K*0 mu+ nu)=0.041+-0.006(stat)+-0.004(syst).
Substrate‐free cholesteric liquid‐crystal displays (2007)

Abstract— This paper demonstrates the first substrate‐free cholesteric liquid‐crystal displays. The encapsulated cholesteric displays are ultra‐thin (with a total thickness around 20 μm) and ultra‐lightweight (0.002 g/cm 2 ). The displays exhibit unprecedented conformability, flexibility, and drapability while maintaining electro‐optical performance and mechanical integrity. All functional display layers are sequentially coated on a preparation substrate and then lifted‐off from the preparation substrate to form a free‐standing display. The display fabrication process, electro‐optical performance, and display flexibility are discussed.
Influence of Parametric Nonlinearities on Closed-Loop Operated MEMS Gyroscopes (2022)

The influence of parametric nonlinearities on the mode matching of closed-loop operated MEMS gyroscopes is investigated. Accurate resonance tuning of mechanical detection modes is essential for optimal noise suppression in closed-loop resonators. Large deflections of the drive mode lead to a geometric nonlinearity, which induces a phase-dependency in the mode-matching procedure. Those effects are known to amplify signal-to-noise ratio in open-loop vibratory MEMS gyroscopes. Predicted and measured tuning voltages and folded response of a sense mode in a prototype gyroscope are compared. Using simulations, it is shown that the pilottone with a 90° phase can confine the crosstalk of the Coriolis and quadrature channel to the quadrature channel exclusively. When applying a quadrature compensation in the simplified model, nonlinear amplification is prohibited in the output channel even for low gain of the force-to-rebalance loop. Furthermore, it is shown that in a simulation with idealized drive motion and demodulation signals the cross-coupling nonlinearity by itself does not have a major impact on standard noise suppression capabilities. [2021-0232]
Incorporating β-Cyclodextrin with ZnO Nanorods: A Potentiometric Strategy for Selectivity and Detection of Dopamine (2014)

We describe a chemical sensor based on a simple synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods (ZNRs) for the detection of dopamine molecules by a potentiometric approach. The polar nature of dopamine leads to a change of surface charges on the ZNR surface via metal ligand bond formation which results in a measurable electrical signal. ZNRs were grown on a gold-coated glass substrate by a low temperature aqueous chemical growth (ACG) method. Polymeric membranes incorporating β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and potassium tetrakis (4-chlorophenyl) borate was immobilized on the ZNR surface. The fabricated electrodes were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The grown ZNRs were well aligned and exhibited good crystal quality. The present sensor system displays a stable potential response for the detection of dopamine in 10(-2) mol·L(-1) acetic acid/sodium acetate buffer solution at pH 5.45 within a wide concentration range of 1 × 10(-6) M(-1) × 10(-1) M, with sensitivity of 49 mV/decade. The electrode shows a good response time (less than 10 s) and excellent repeatability. This finding can contribute to routine analysis in laboratories studying the neuropharmacology of catecholamines. Moreover, the metal-ligand bonds can be further exploited to detect DA receptors, and for bio-imaging applications.
Iterative Learning Control With Optimal Feedback and Feedforward Control (2010)

Iterative learning control (ILC) is a feedforward control strategy used to improve the performance of a system that executes the same task repeatedly, but is incapable of compensating for non-repetitive disturbances. Thus a well-designed feedback controller needs to be used in combination with ILC. A robustness filter called the Q-filter is essential for the ILC system stability. The price to pay, however, is that the Q-filter makes it impossible for ILC to achieve perfect tracking of the repetitive reference or perfect cancellation of repetitive disturbances. To reduce error, it is effective to apply a pre-design feedforward control input in addition to ILC. In this paper, a simple P-type ILC is combined with an optimal feedback-feedforward control inspired by classic predictive control, so as to take advantages of each control strategy. It will be shown that the choice of the injection point of the learned ILC effort is crucial for a tradeoff between stability and performance. Therefore, the stability and performance analysis based on different injection points is studied. A systematic approach to the combined control scheme is also proposed. The combined control scheme is attractive due to its simplicity and promising performance. The effectiveness of the combined control scheme is verified by simulation results with a wafer scanner system.
Synthesis and activity profiles of new dermorphin-(1-4) peptide analogs (1987)

A new series of 12 dermorphin tetrapeptides, W-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Xaa-Y (W = H, H2NC = (NH); Xaa = Gly, Sar, D-Ala; Y = OH, OCH3, NH2) were prepared by traditional methods in solution and tested for opioid activity. In binding studies based on displacement of mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor selective radiolabels from guinea pig brain membranes, the new analogues showed a negligible affinity for the kappa binding site and a preference for mu- over delta-receptors with an evident dependence on N- and/or C-terminal modifications; H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Gly-OCH3 was shown to be one of the most selective mu-receptor ligands reported to date. All these tetrapeptides display dose-related naloxone-reversible antinociceptive effects following intracerebroventricular (icv) or subcutaneous (sc) administrations in mice. In comparison to morphine, H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Sar-NH2 and the guanidino derivative H2NC = (NH)-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Gly-NH2 showed lower affinity for mu, delta, and kappa sites but exceptionally stronger analgesia: respectively they are 560 and 1550 times as potent an analgesic as morphine. Among analogues tested after sc administration, H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-Sar-NH2 and H-Tyr-D-MetO-Phe-D-Ala-OH displayed the highest activities; they were respectively 22 and 30 times more potent than morphine on a molar basis. These results indicate that N- or C-terminal modifications and substitution at position 2 or 4 of dermorphin-(1-4) peptide do not only influence the affinity of the resulting analogues to opioid receptors but also may favorably alter their pharmacokinetic properties.
Near-infrared metamaterial films with reconfigurable transmissive/reflective properties (2008)

A near-infrared metamaterial design that is reconfigurable between almost completely transmissive and reflective states is presented. The reconfiguration is enabled by tuning the anisotropic nematic liquid crystals used as a spacer layer between two silver nanoplates in a planar doubly periodic metamaterial. The design is optimized for maximum difference in transmittance between the two states by using a genetic algorithm. For a linearly polarized illumination at normal incidence, full-wave electromagnetic analysis predicts that the optimized metamaterial film can change the transmittance between 98.7% and 0.1% at a wavelength of 1.1 microm.
Supplementary Fig. S5 from Emergence of Enzalutamide Resistance in Prostate Cancer is Associated with BCL-2 and IKKB Dependencies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Treatment of BCL-2 and IKKB inhibitor decreases cell growth and induces cell death in ENZ-resistant cell lines&lt;/p&gt;
PIGF Knockout Delays Brain Vessel Growth and Maturation upon Systemic Hypoxic Challenge (2011)

In this study, we have investigated the potential role of placental growth factor (PlGF) in hypoxia-induced brain angiogenesis. To this end, PlGF wild-type (PlGF(+/+)) and PlGF knockout (PlGF(-/-)) mice were exposed to whole body hypoxia (10% oxygen) for 7, 14, and 21 days. PlGF(+/+) animals exhibited a significant ~40% increase in angiogenesis after 7 days of hypoxia compared with controls, while in PlGF(-/-) this effect only occurred after 14 days of hypoxia. No differences in pericyte/smooth muscle cell (SMC) coverage between the two genotypes were observed. After 14 days of hypoxia, PlGF(-/-) microvessels had a significant increase in fibrinogen accumulation and extravasation compared with those of PlGF(+/+), which correlated with endothelial cell disruption of the tight junction protein claudin-5. These vessels displayed large lumens, were surrounded by reactive astrocytes, lacked both pericyte/SMC coverage and endothelial vascular endothelial growth factor expression, and regressed after 21 days of hypoxia. Vascular endothelial growth factor expression levels were found to be significantly lower in the frontal cortex of PlGF(-/-) compared with those in PlGF(+/+) animals during the first 5 days of hypoxia, which in combination with the lack of PlGF may have contributed to the delayed angiogenic response and the prothrombotic phenotype observed in the PlGF(-/-)animals.
Prognostic value of the expression of C-Chemokine Receptor 6 and 7 and their ligands in non-metastatic breast cancer (2011)

These results suggest a contribution of CCR6 expression on tumor cells and CCL19-expressing DC in breast cancer dissemination. In our series, unlike what was previously published, CCR7 was exclusively expressed on stromal cells and was not associated with survival.
Power handling of silicon microring modulators (2019)

Silicon photonic wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) transceivers promise to achieve multi-Tbps data rates for next-generation short-reach optical interconnects. In these systems, microring resonators are important because of their low power consumption and small footprint, two critical factors for large-scale WDM systems. However, their resonant nature and silicon's strong optical nonlinearity give rise to nonlinear effects that can deteriorate the system's performance with optical powers on the order of milliwatts, which can be reached on the transmitter side where a laser is directly coupled into resonant modulators. Here, a theoretical time-domain nonlinear model for the dynamics of optical power in silicon resonant modulators is derived, accounting for two-photon absorption, free-carrier absorption and thermal and dispersion effects. This model is used to study the effects of high input optical powers over modulation quality, and experimental data in good agreement with the model is presented. Two major consequences are identified: the importance of a correct initialization of the resonance wavelength with respect to the laser due to the system's bistability; and the existence of an optimal input optical power beyond which the modulation quality degrades.
Enzymatic Deacylation of Teicoplanin Followed by Reductive Alkylation: Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of New Glycopeptides. (1998)

Novel glycopeptides derived from teicoplanin were prepared and evaluated for activity against antibiotic-resistant gram-positive pathogens. Removal of the fatty acid sidechains of teicoplanin was accomplished by enzymatic deacylation. The resulting deacylated teicoplanin was subjected to reductive alkylation resulting in mono- and di-alkylated compounds at the 2 possible primary amines. Deacylated teicoplanin was less active than teicoplanin against enterococci and staphylococci (MIC > or =32 microg/ml). All mono- and di-alkylated products regained some activity, and some had potent activity against both staphylococci and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci. MICs of the most potent di-alkylated compounds ranged from 0.25 approximately 2 microg/ml against glycopeptide-resistant enterococci.