gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparing Emotional Valence Scores of Twitter Messages from Human Coding and Machine Learning Algorithms Among Hispanic and African American Family Caregivers of Persons with Dementia (2023)

We compared emotional valence scores as determined via machine learning approaches to human-coded scores of direct messages on Twitter from our 2,301 followers during a Twitter-based clinical trial screening for Hispanic and African American family caregivers of persons with dementia. We manually assigned emotional valence scores to 249 randomly selected direct Twitter messages from our followers (N=2,301), then we applied three machine learning sentiment analysis algorithms to extract emotional valence scores for each message and compared their mean scores to the human coding results. The aggregated mean emotional scores from the natural language processing were slightly positive, while the mean score from human coding as a gold standard was negative. Clusters of strongly negative sentiments were observed in followers' responses to being found non-eligible for the study, indicating a significant need for alternative strategies to provide similar research opportunities to non-eligible family caregivers.
Plasma-induced photon irradiation damage on low-k dielectrics enhanced by Cu-line layout (2015)

We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically the existence of circuit-layout-dependent low-k damage by plasma radiation. Circuit-layout-dependent low-k damage apparently occurs in nitrogen (N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) plasma, not in argon (Ar) plasma. Using an electromagnetic simulation and the dispersion analysis, we reveal that E-field in the low-k film is enhanced for specific Cu-line layouts in the case of N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> plasma. The results of electromagnetic simulations and dispersion analysis are consistent with the obtained experimental results. We propose a new low-k damage model, where "near-field" by the irradiated copper lines plays an important role in the damage creation. The near-field enhances E-field in the low-k film, accelerating the bond-breakage, i.e., the dielectric constant increase. The present model framework is useful for optimizing an integrated circuit layout, simultaneously minimizing the plasma radiation damage.
Reference Modulation for Performance Enhancement in Motion Control Systems (2018)

In control engineering, there are many situations, where a system designed with a fixed feedback controller is not customizable, and yet its closed-loop performance (e.g., disturbance attenuation) is not satisfactory. To further enhance the closed-loop performance for such systems, we propose a reference modulation method that is compatible with any prefixed controller. By introducing an additional modulated function and a direct feedforward channel, our method allows more flexibilities in customizing the closed-loop sensitivity function, so that both the disturbance attenuation and the tracking performance can be improved. We also provide robust stability analysis of the control systems designed by the proposed method. Simulations are performed on a wafer scanner system with a pre-designed feedback controller. The simulation results show that via reference modulation, both the tracking and disturbance rejection of the closed-loop system are enhanced.
From medulla to lower cervical levels, a multi-parametric quantitative MR investigation dedicated to the diffuse alterations of the spinal cord at 7T: first insights into Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2017)

International audience
Modulation of Inflammatory Response in a Cirrhotic Rat Model with Induced Bacterial Peritonitis (2013)

Bacterial peritonitis is a severe complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and despite antibiotic treatment, the inflammatory response to infection may induce renal dysfunction leading to death. This investigation evaluated the effect of TNF-α blockade on the inflammatory response and mortality in cirrhotic rats with induced bacterial peritonitis treated or not with antibiotics. Sprague-Dawley rats with carbon-tetrachloride-induced cirrhosis were treated with an intraperitoneal injection of 10(9) CFU of Escherichia coli diluted in 20 mL of sterile water to induce bacterial peritonitis and randomized to receive subcutaneously-administered placebo, ceftriaxone, anti-TNF-α mAb and ceftriaxone, or anti-TNF-α mAb alone. No differences were observed between groups at baseline in respect to renal function, liver hepatic tests, serum levels of nitrite/nitrate and TNF-α. Treatment with ceftriaxone reduced mortality (73.3%) but differences did not reach statistical significance as compared to placebo. Mortality in rats treated with ceftriaxone and anti-TNF-α mAb was significantly lower than in animals receiving placebo (53% vs. 100%, p<0.01). Serum TNF-α decreased significantly in surviving rats treated with ceftriaxone plus anti-TNF-α mAb but not in treated with antibiotics alone. Additional studies including more animals are required to assess if the association of antibiotic therapy and TNF-α blockade might be a possible approach to reduce mortality in cirrhotic patients with bacterial peritonitis.
Mixed-Methodology-Based System-Level Simulation of Biochemical Assays in Integrated Microfluidic Systems (2006)

This paper presents a mixed-methodology-based modeling and simulation approach for system-level design of biochemical assays in microfluidic chips. The chip is broken down into a system of connected components (e.g., channels, junctions, and reactors) with relatively simple geometries and specific functions. Models are developed using analytical and numerical approaches (mixed methodology) to accurately capture the multi-physics behavior of individual components. These models have been integrated into a computational framework that enables rapid system-level simulation. Simulation results are validated against experimental data and numerical models. Our simulations achieve significant computational speedup (> 1,000-fold) without appreciably compromising accuracy (< 10% error relative to numerical analysis).
Silent Synapses in the Developing Rat Visual Cortex: Evidence for Postsynaptic Expression of Synaptic Plasticity (1998)

In the developing visual cortex activity-dependent refinement of synaptic connectivity is thought to involve synaptic plasticity processes analogous to long-term potentiation (LTP). The recently described conversion of so-called silent synapses to functional ones might underlie some forms of LTP. Using whole-cell recording and minimal stimulation procedures in immature pyramidal neurons, we demonstrate here the existence of functionally silent synapses, i.e., glutamatergic synapses that show only NMDA receptor-mediated transmission, in the neonatal rat visual cortex. The incidence of silent synapses strongly decreased during early postnatal development. After pairing presynaptic stimulation with postsynaptic depolarization, silent synapses were converted to functional ones in an LTP-like manner, as indicated by the long-lasting induction of AMPA receptor-mediated synaptic transmission. This conversion was dependent on the activation of NMDA receptors during the pairing protocol. The selective activation of NMDA receptors at silent synapses could be explained presynaptically by assuming a lower glutamate concentration compared with functional ones. However, we found no differences in glutamate concentration-dependent properties of NMDA receptor-mediated PSCs, suggesting that synaptic glutamate concentration is similar in silent and functional synapses. Our results thus support a postsynaptic mechanism underlying silent synapses, i.e., that they do not contain functional AMPA receptors. Synaptic plasticity at silent synapses might be expressed postsynaptically by modification of nonfunctional AMPA receptors or rapid membrane insertion of AMPA receptors. This conversion of silent synapses to functional ones might play a major role in activity-dependent synaptic refinement during development of the visual cortex.
The Wilcoxon filter: A robust filtering scheme (2005)

In this paper, a new type of rank ordered filter, the "Wilcoxon filter" is introduced. We show that this filter performs efficiently in estimating noisy signals in nonstationary symmetric noise environments where the noise model deviates from an assumed one. It is shown that this filter is the locally most powerful filter for logistic distributed noise. The statistical and deterministic properties of this filter are obtained and compared to those of the median filters; finally, the filter computational complexity is analyzed.
Methods for Quantifying Lime Incorporation into Dewatered Sludge. II: Field-Scale Application (2008)

Postlime stabilization of municipal sludge requires methods for assessing the degree of lime incorporation and stability of the final product, as well as for evaluating and monitoring the performance of individual components in the process. The goal of this research was to systematically apply selected measures of lime incorporation and stability at the District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority’s Blue Plains advanced wastewater treatment plant (see the companion paper). The transfer of sludge by screw conveyance prior to the lime blender did not appear to make it more difficult to incorporate lime in a bench-scale mixer. However, in the full-scale system, it may impede mixing by rolling the sludge into large plugs, and thus creating a discontinuous supply of sludge to the blender. Screw conveyance of limed sludge downstream from the blender appears to subject the limed sludge to additional mixing, resulting in improved lime incorporation and stabilization. The impact of lime purity (CaO%) appeared to be minimal within the range tested; however, increasing the lime particle diameter did significantly lengthen the mixing time required for stabilization. In addition, overdosing of lime was shown to be ineffective for compensating for poor lime incorporation.
High Frequency 3D Reconstruction from Unsynchronized Multiple Cameras (2013)

Stereo reconstruction generally requires image correspondence such as point and line correspondences in multiple images. Cameras need to be synchronized to obtain corresponding points of time-varying shapes. However, the image information obtained from synchronized multiple cameras is redundant, and has limitations with resolution. In this paper, we show that by using a set of unsynchronized cameras instead of synchronized one, we can obtain much more information on 3D motions, and can reconstruct higher frequency 3D motions than that with the standard synchronized cameras. As a result, we can attain super resolution 3D reconstruction from unsynchronized cameras. In the standard reconstruction with multiple cameras, the cameras are synchronized, and observe the same set of M sequential points in 3D space as shown in Fig. 1 (a). Thus, the maximum frequency fS of 3D motion, which can be recovered from camera images, is fS < 1 2 M. If we observe the same 3D motion by using K unsynchronized cameras, we observe K×M different points in the 3D space as shown in Fig. 1 (b). As a result, all the 2KM observations from K cameras are independent of one another, unlike those from the synchronized cameras. Thus, we have a possibility of reconstructing 3D points up to 2 3 KM. Therefore, the maximum frequency fU of recoverable 3D motion is fU < 1 3 KM. Thus, we find that the unsynchronized cameras have a possibility of reconstructing 3 K times higher frequency 3D motion than the synchronized cameras as follows:
REM-enabled opportunistic LTE in the TV band (2012)

In this demonstration paper we describe a prototype of an LTE system deployment that opportunistically exploits the spectral white spaces in the upper UHF TV bands, intelligently guided in its spectum access by a radio environment map (REM). The architecture is modular in the sense that interfaces are generic and minimal. In the proposed demo we will illustrate how information of primary transmitters and other secondary transmitters as well as estimates of the radio field strength over frequency, time and space can be made available and exploited by a secondary TDD-LTE base station to make judicious decisions on its spectral occupation.
A learning-based algorithm for improved bandwidth-awareness of adaptive streaming clients (2015)

HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) is becoming the de-facto standard for Over-The-Top video streaming. A HAS video consists of multiple segments, encoded at multiple quality levels. Allowing the client to select the quality level for every segment, a smoother playback and a higher Quality of Experience (QoE) can be perceived. Although results are promising, current quality selection heuristics are generally hard coded. Fixed parameter values are used to provide an acceptable QoE under all circumstances, resulting in suboptimal solutions. Furthermore, many commercial HAS implementations focus on a video-on-demand scenario, where a large buffer size is used to avoid play-out freezes. When the focus is on a live TV scenario however, a low buffer size is typically preferred, as the video play-out delay should be as low as possible. Hard coded implementations using a fixed buffer size are not capable of dealing with both scenarios. In this paper, the concept of reinforcement learning is introduced at client side, allowing to adaptively change the parameter configuration for existing rate adaptation heuristics. Bandwidth characteristics are taken into account in the decision process, thus allowing to improve the client's bandwidth-awareness. Focus in this paper is on actively reducing the average buffer filling, evaluating results for two heuristics: the Microsoft IIS Smooth Streaming heuristic and the QoE-driven Rate Adaptation Heuristic for Adaptive video Streaming by Petrangeli et al. We show that using the proposed learning-based approach, the average buffer filling can be reduced by 8.3% compared to state of the art, while achieving a comparable level of QoE.
Electromagnetic mixed waste processing system for asbestos decontamination (1996)

DOE sites contain a broad spectrum of asbestos materials (cloth, pipe lagging, sprayed insulation and other substances) which are contaminated with a combination of hazardous and radioactive wastes due to its use during the development of the US nuclear weapons complex. These wastes consist of cutting oils, lubricants, solvents, PCBs, heavy metals and radioactive contaminants. The radioactive contaminants are the activation, decay, and fission products of DOE operations. To allow disposal, the asbestos must be converted chemically, followed by removing and separating the hazardous and radioactive materials to prevent the formation of mixed wastes and to allow for both sanitary disposal and effective decontamination. Currently, no technology exists that can meet these sanitary and other objectives. An attempt was made to apply techniques that have already proved successful in the mining, oil, and metals processing industries to the development of a multi-stage process to remove and separate hazardous chemical radioactive materials from asbestos. This process uses three methods: ABCOV chemicals which converts the asbestos to a sanitary waste; dielectric heating to volatilize the organic materials; and electrochemical processing for the removal of heavy metals, RCRA wastes and radionuclides. This process will result in the destruction of over 99% of the asbestos; limit radioactive metal contamination to 0.2 Bq alpha per gram and 1 Bq beta and gamma per gram; reduce hazardous organics to levels compatible with current EPA policy for RCRA delisting; and achieve TCLP limits for all solidified waste.
Measuring Ligand-Dependent Transport in Nanopatterned PbS Colloidal Quantum Dot Arrays Using Charge Sensing (2015)

Colloidal quantum dot arrays with long organic ligands have better packing order than those with short ligands but are highly resistive, making low-bias conductance measurements impossible with conventional two-probe techniques. We use an integrated charge sensor to study transport in weakly coupled arrays in the low-bias regime, and we nanopattern the arrays to minimize packing disorder. We present the temperature and field dependence of the resistance for nanopatterned oleic-acid and n-butylamine-capped PbS arrays, measuring resistances as high as 10(18) Ω. We find that the conduction mechanism changes from nearest neighbor hopping in oleic-acid-capped PbS dots to Mott's variable range hopping in n-butylamine capped PbS dots. Our results can be understood in terms of a change in the interdot coupling strength or a change in density of trap states and highlight the importance of the capping ligand on charge transport through colloidal quantum dot arrays.
Tagging Data In The Network Stack: mbuf tags (2003)

We describe the mbuf tag API, a mechanism for tagging data as they flow through the network stack. Originally introduced in OpenBSD, mbuf tags were initially intended for use by the IPsec stack. The API has matured enough to be used by several other kernel components, and formed the basis for the FreeBSD mbuf tags. We present the API, discuss its various uses in the OpenBSD network stack, and describe some plans for future work. Our goal is to demonstrate the flexibility of this relatively simple mechanism and expose it to other kernel developers.
Comparison of Polysomnographic and Portable Home Monitoring Assessments of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Saskatchewan Women (2011)

In women believed to be at high-risk for OSA, Embletta in-home sleep testing is useful for the detection of sleep disordered breathing.
Catalytic Performance and Carbon Deposition Behavior of a NiO−MgO Solid Solution in Methane Reforming with Carbon Dioxide under Pressurized Conditions (2000)

Activity and carbon deposition behavior were investigated on the catalyst for CO2 reforming of methane under pressurized conditions. A Ni0.03Mg0.97O solid solution catalyst with low surface area (∼4 m2/g) exhibited a lower carbon formation rate than other NiO−MgO solid solution and MgO-supported Pt catalysts. It is suggested that the suppression of Ni aggregation is important for the decrease of the carbon formation rate. The additive effect of Sn, Ge, and Ca to a Ni0.03Mg0.97O solid solution was investigated, and it was found that Sn is an effective component for the decrease of the carbon amount, which is especially formed by methane decomposition.
Ventricular fibrillation frequency analysis: signatures of modes of death in a canine sudden cardiac death model (2003)

A sudden cardiac death (SCD) animal model of acute ischemia on top of an existing infarct was used to study SCD. An 8-channel radiotelemetry system was implanted for continuous monitoring of electrograms from 14 animals; 7 died spontaneously 24 to 72 hours after the initial surgery. In 2 of the spontaneous deaths bradycardia preceded ventricular fibrillation (VF). In the other 5 animals VF occurred following either sinus rhythm (n=2) or ectopic episodes (n=3). In all 7 SCD animals the spectral content of the VF over time was analyzed. The tachycardia and bradycardia deaths were completely separable by the centroid of their spectra. The various modes of death exhibited different spectral signatures over the first 30 seconds of VF and showed differing degrees of organization. The time-frequency analysis of the first 30 seconds of VF permitted differentiation between 3 modes of SCD.
MT type connector for 2×6 multicore fibers (2016)

MT type connector for 12 multicore fibers arranged in 2×6 array is developed. Rotational alignment precision within ± 0.9 degree is realized by employing alignment member with two fiber holes. Low connection loss less than 0.8 dB is also realized in all 84 cores.
Two-Photon Absorption in Semiconductor Quantum- Dot (2005)

We report degenerate and non-degenerate two-photon absorption spectra of II-VI semiconductor quantum-dots. We find that these spectra depend on quantum dot size and size distribution. We propose a theory for explaining the non-degenerate case.
MPPT based on incremental conductance-fuzzy logic algorithm for photovoltaic system under variable climate conditions (2015)

This paper presents a hybrid MPPT composed of two methods: incremental conductance (INC) and Fuzzy Logic (FL) control. This method is able to track maximum power point (MPP) under variable solar irradiance. In addition to that, it generates a modulation signal to adjust the duty cycle of boost converter to ensure fast MPPT process. In order to validate both of the effectiveness and the usefulness of the proposed system, simulation analysis and comparative studies including other known methods are conducted. The results show that the proposed method can track MPP under different solar irradiance and can reduce fluctuation around MPP area.
A Technique for Quantitative Characterization of Pulmonary Vascular Morphology and Application in a Normal Rat (2008)

Congenital heart defects are structural problems with the heart and/or major blood vessels which in the U.S. alone affect as many as 1.3 million people [1]. A common form of abnormality is a stenosis or narrowing of the pulmonary arteries. Chronic pulmonary artery stenosis may lead to differential lung growth and reduced cardiac performance. Treatment, however, may result in no significant improvements in flow distribution or pressure because of the properties of the vascular bed downstream of the stenosis.
Caractérisation d’hologrammes de réflexion accolés (1995)

peer reviewed
Artist Acrylic Paint Spectral, Colorimetric, and Image Dataset (2022)

Spectral datasets, and subsequent colorimetric and image data, have a variety of uses in cultural heritage imaging including sensor design, lighting design, synthetic target generation, spectral accuracy assessment of multispectral and hyperspectral cameras, color accuracy assessment of digital cameras, and encoding errors. Spectral data for 58 Golden Artist Colors Heavy Body Acrylics were used to calculate the spectra of 831 varnished tints, tones, and masstones, based on the two-constant opaque form of Kubelka Munk turbid-media theory. The data were used to calculate a synthetic target that was used to quantify encoding errors using AdobeRGB (1998), commonly used in cultural heritage imaging, and sRGB, commonly used in documents and consumer imaging. 22% and 31% of the target colors were out of gamut, respectively. Principal component analysis was performed and the first three eigenvectors used to extract spectra similar to cyan, magenta, and yellow. These PCA-based primaries poorly approximated the 58 pigments.