gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thymus-derived glucocorticoids are insufficient for normal thymus homeostasis in the adult mouse (2004)

This indicates that thymus-derived glucocorticoids are not sufficient to maintain normal levels of death by neglect in the thymus, but that apoptosis and possibly other mechanisms induced by physiological, non stress-induced levels of adrenal-derived corticosterone are responsible for keeping the total number of thymocytes within the normal range.
Entry into 6-Methoxy-D(+)-tryptophans. Stereospecific Synthesis of 1-Benzenesulfonyl-6-methoxy-D(+)-tryptophan Ethyl Ester (1992)

Abstract A strategy for the synthesis of optically active ring-A methoxylated indole alkaloids which employs the Moody azide/Schollkopf chiral auxiliary protocol has resulted in the successful preparation of 1-benzenesulfonyl-6-methoxy-D(+)-tryptophan ethyl ester 16. This amino ester is required for the synthesis of Alstonia bisindole alkaloids including macralstonine 2 via an enantiospecific Pictet-Spengler reaction.
Modulation of the free sphingosine levels in human neutrophils by phorbol esters and other factors. (1988)

Because free long-chain bases have been recently found to have potent pharmacological effects when added to neutrophils (Wilson, E., Olcott, M. C., Bell, R. M., Merrill, A. H., Jr., and Lambeth, J. D. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 12616-12623) and other cell types, the levels in human neutrophils were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. Sphingosine was the major free long-chain base in freshly isolated cells and ranged from 13 to 101 pmol/10(7) cells for different donors (mean +/- S.E. of 50 +/- 5, n = 17). Upon incubation at 37 degrees C, there was a time-dependent increase in free sphingosine (57 +/- 8% in 1 h, n = 17), but no change was seen at 4 or 25 degrees C. The sphingosine was apparently derived from more complex sphingolipids because little (less than 1%) could be accounted for by new synthesis from [14C]serine. Greater increases in free sphingosine were obtained when neutrophils were incubated with serum, plasma, or serum lipoproteins (about 2-fold higher than for cells incubated alone). In contrast, agonists such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, A23187, arachidonic acid, low concentrations (10 nM) of N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, and opsonized zymosan either decreased the amount of free sphingosine or blunted the time-dependent increase. This may be due to enhanced removal of free sphingosine because phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated cells exhibited an increased conversion of exogenously added [3H]sphinganine to ceramides. Endogenous sphingosine was approximately one-tenth the level found in neutrophils when exogenous long-chain bases were added to inhibit protein kinase C. Hence, depending on the subcellular localization of the endogenous versus exogenous long-chain bases, the amounts of free sphingosine in neutrophils might be sufficient to affect the function of these cells.
Products and Kinetics of the Liquid-Phase Reaction of Glyoxal Catalyzed by Ammonium Ions (NH4+) (2008)

Glyoxal, a common atmospheric gas, has been reported to be depleted in some regions of the atmosphere. The corresponding sink could be accounted for by reactions in or at the surface of atmospheric particles, but these reactions were not identified. Recently, we showed that inorganic ammonium ions, NH(4)(+), are efficient catalysts for reactions of carbonyl compounds, including glyoxal, in the liquid phase. To determine whether ammonium-catalyzed reactions can contribute to depletion of glyoxal in the atmosphere, the reactivity of this compound in aqueous solutions containing ammonium salts (ammonium sulfate, chloride, fluoride, and phosphate) at 298 K has been studied. The products identified by LC-HRMS and UV absorption revealed a mechanism involving two distinct pathways: a Bronsted acid pathway and an iminium pathway. The kinetics of the iminium pathway was studied by monitoring formation of a specific product. This pathway was second order in glyoxal in most of the solutions studied and should therefore be second order in most ammonium-containing aerosols in the atmosphere. The corresponding rate constant, k(II) (M(-1) s(-1)), increased strongly with ammonium ion activity, a(NH(4)(+)), and pH: k(II) (M(-1) s(-1)) = (2 +/- 1) x 10(-10) exp((1.5 +/- 0.8)aNH(4)(+)) exp((2.5 +/- 0.2)pH). This iminium pathway is a lower limit for the ammonium-catalyzed consumption of glyoxal, but the contribution of the acid pathway is expected to be small in tropospheric aerosols. With these results the reactive uptake of glyoxal on ammonium-containing aerosols was estimated and shown to be a possible explanation for depletion of this compound in Mexico City.
Advanced diagnostics and prognostics for gas turbine engine risk assessment (2002)

Real-time, integrated health monitoring of gas turbine engines that can detect, classify, and predict developing engine faults is critical to reducing operating and maintenance costs while optimizing the life of critical engine components. Statistical-based anomaly detection algorithms, fault pattern recognition techniques and advanced probabilistic models for diagnosing structural, performance and vibration related faults and degradation can now be developed for real-time monitoring environments. Integration and implementation of these advanced technologies presents a great opportunity to significantly enhance current engine health monitoring capabilities and risk management practices. This paper describes some novel diagnostic and prognostic technologies for dedicated, real-time sensor analysis, performance anomaly detection and diagnosis, vibration fault detection, and component prognostics. The technologies have been developed for gas turbine engine health monitoring and prediction applications which includes an array of intelligent algorithms for assessing the total 'health' of an engine, both mechanically and thermodynamically.
In-line characterization of non-selective SiGe nodule defects with scatterometry enabled by machine learning (2018)

As device scaling continues, controlling defect densities on the wafer becomes essential for high volume manufacturing (HVM). One type of defect, the non-selective SiGe nodule, becomes more difficult to control during SiGe epitaxy (EPI) growth for p-type field effect transistor (pFET) source and drain. The process window for SiGe EPI growth with low nodule density becomes extremely tight due to the shrinking of contact poly pitch (CPP). Any tiny process shift or incoming structure shift could introduce a high density of nodules, which could affect device performance and yield. The current defect inspection method has a low throughput, so a fast and quantitative characterization technique is preferred for measuring and monitoring this type of defect. Scatterometry is a fast and non-destructive in-line metrology technique. In this work, novel methods were developed to accurately and comprehensively measure the SiGe nodules with scatterometry information. Top-down critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM) images were collected and analyzed on the same location as scatterometry measurement for calibration. Machine learning (ML) algorithms are used to analyze the correlation between the raw spectra and defect density and area fraction. The analysis showed that the defect density and area fractions can be measured separately by correlating intensity variations. In addition to the defect density and area fraction, we also investigate a novel method – model-based scatterometry hybridized with machine learning capabilities – to quantify the average height of the defects along the sidewall of the gate. Hybridizing the machine learning method with the model-based one could also eliminate the possibility of misinterpreting the defect as some structural parameters. Furthermore, cross-sectional TEM and SEM measurement are used to calibrate the model-based scatterometry results. In this work, the correlation between the SiGe nodule defects and the structural parameters of the device is also studied. The preliminary result shows that there is strong correlation between the defect density and spacer thickness. Correlations between the defect density and the structural parameters provides useful information for process engineers to optimize the EPI growth process. With the advances in the scatterometry-based defect measurement metrology, we demonstrate such fast, quantitative, and comprehensive measurement of SiGe nodule defects can be used to improve the throughput and yield.
Delta Opioid Receptor Function (2010)

Delta (δ) opioid receptors (DORs) are part of circuits involved in many physiological functions including the modulation of pain. Activation of DORs appears to mediate antinociception and antihyperalgesia in many conditions including stress, chronic pain, opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), and opiate tolerance. δ Opioid signaling also extensively interacts with the mu (μ) opioid system, resulting in modulation of pain transmission. Multiple mechanisms may underlie DOR modulation of pain including the synergistic interaction between μ and δ opioid receptors and between spinal and supraspinal sites of action, enhanced endogenous enkephalinergic tone, potential μ-δ oligomers and modulation of plasma membrane receptor trafficking.
The "Large Millimeter Telescop&' and its potential for high-z studies (1998)

The Large Millimeter Telescope (LMT) is a joint U.S.A. and Mexico Project and will be the world's largest millimeter-wavelength radio telescope, equipped with the state-of-the-art heterodyne and bolometric focal plane arrays. We show that CO lines (and also CS) will be able to be detected in unlensed galaxies. Furthermore, the continuum camera will allow measurements of the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect, as well as enabling deep surveys of dust emission from protogalaxies.
NeuTex: Neural Texture Mapping for Volumetric Neural Rendering (2021)

Recent work [28], [5] has demonstrated that volumetric scene representations combined with differentiable volume rendering can enable photo-realistic rendering for challenging scenes that mesh reconstruction fails on. However, these methods entangle geometry and appearance in a "black-box" volume that cannot be edited. Instead, we present an approach that explicitly disentangles geometry—represented as a continuous 3D volume—from appearance—represented as a continuous 2D texture map. We achieve this by introducing a 3D-to-2D texture mapping (or surface parameterization) network into volumetric representations. We constrain this texture mapping network using an additional 2D-to-3D inverse mapping network and a novel cycle consistency loss to make 3D surface points map to 2D texture points that map back to the original 3D points. We demonstrate that this representation can be reconstructed using only multi-view image supervision and generates high-quality rendering results. More importantly, by separating geometry and texture, we allow users to edit appearance by simply editing 2D texture maps.
Supplementary Figure 2 from A Human Breast Cell Model of Preinvasive to Invasive Transition (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from A Human Breast Cell Model of Preinvasive to Invasive Transition
CLARITY reveals dynamics of ovarian follicular architecture and vasculature in three-dimensions (2017)

Optimal distribution of heterogeneous organelles and cell types within an organ is essential for physiological processes. Unique for the ovary, hormonally regulated folliculogenesis, ovulation, luteal formation/regression and associated vasculature changes lead to tissue remodeling during each reproductive cycle. Using the CLARITY approach and marker immunostaining, we identified individual follicles and corpora lutea in intact ovaries. Monitoring lifetime changes in follicle populations showed age-dependent decreases in total follicles and percentages of advanced follicles. Follicle development from primordial to preovulatory stage was characterized by 3 × 10<sup>5</sup>-fold increases in volume, decreases in roundness, and decreased clustering of same stage follicles. Construction of follicle-vasculature relationship maps indicated age- and gonadotropin-dependent increases in vasculature and branching surrounding follicles. Heterozygous mutant mice with deletion of hypoxia-response element in the vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) promoter showed defective ovarian vasculature and decreased ovulatory responses. Unilateral intrabursal injection of axitinib, an inhibitor of VEGF receptors, retarded neo-angiogenesis that was associated with defective ovulation in treated ovaries. Our approach uncovers unique features of ovarian architecture and essential roles of vasculature in organizing follicles to allow future studies on normal and diseased human ovaries. Similar approaches could also reveal roles of neo-angiogenesis during embryonic development and tumorigenesis.
Lumped element kinetic inductance detectors for far-infrared astronomy (2008)

We describe a new type of FIR detector based on lumped element superconducting resonators (LEKIDs). These devices can act as distributed FIR radiation absorbers without the need for an additional coupling structure. In addition, these devices can be integrated into a compact filled array geometry with high filling factor. We describe the optimization of lumped element resonators for high coupling efficiency to incoming radiation in the wavelength region from 200&mu;m - 450&mu;m, measurements of electrical and optical properties of these devices and the design of a prototype array using these detectors.
The Efficiency of Three-level Active NPC Converter for Different PWM Strategies (2009)

<p style="text-align: left">The efficiency of power conversion is an important factor to design static converters. The paper is focused on the calculus of total losses of 3L-NPC and 3L-Active-NPC converters for different PWM strategies. The calculus was made in the most critical operating points when certain switches have the biggest total losses. Different modulation functions have been elaborated to calculate conduction losses. These are characteristic for each device depending on the structure's type and on the control strategy. Using these functions medium and effective values of conduction currents have been calculated and also validated with PSIM simulations. Some experimental results are also shown in order to validate the doubling of the apparent switching frequency using the 3L-ANPC topology.
Quantitative karyotyping of human chromosomes by dual beam flow cytometry. (1982)

Dual beam flow cytometry of chromosomes stained with Hoechst 33258 and chromomycin A3 has been proposed as a method for quantitative classification of human chromosomes (bivariate flow karyotyping). In this paper we investigate the sources and magnitudes of variability in the mean fluorescence intensities of each chromosome group resolved in bivariate flow karyotypes and study the impact of this variability on chromosome classification. Replicate bivariate flow karyotypes of chromosomes isolated from lymphocytes from 10 individuals demonstrated that person-to-person variability was significantly greater than run-to-run variability. The total variability was sufficiently small that it did not interfere with classification of normal chromosome types except chromosomes 9 through 12 and chromosomes 14 and 15. Furthermore, the variability was generally smaller than 1/600th of the mitotic genome, so that one-band rearrangements should be detectable in bivariate flow karyotypes.
The role of sub-dicing in the acoustical design of an ultrasound matrix transducer for carotid arteries imaging (2016)

Accurate diagnostics of stenosis and blood flow distribution in carotid arteries requires transducers capable of producing 3D volume images with high frame rate for real time imaging. In the process of designing a matrix probe, an important goal is to realize the acoustic stack with high sensitivity and bandwidth. In this study, we employ a finite element analysis to evaluate the effect of sub-dicing on the performance of an acoustic stack in a piezoelectric matrix array. The array is integrated with an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), which performs the task of signal amplification and efficient data reduction. The results show that two sub-dicing cuts can improve the sensitivity by 40%, bandwidth by 20%, and reduce the ringing time by 43%, which are all desired for improving the image quality.
Hydrogéologie en milieu fissuré et thermalisme- Etude du massif de Bramefarine et du nord du massif d'Allevard- La source thermominérale d'Allevard (Isère-France) - Alpes françaises. (1981)

L'hydrogeologie en milieu fissure necessite, plus encore que dans d'autres milieux, une parfaite connaissance de la geometrie et de la structure du magasin. Des etudes poursuivies dans ce sens par de nombreux auteurs ont ete effectuees en milieu carbonate karstique ( L.KIRALI, 1969, J.C. GRILLOT , 1979) ou en milieu granito-gneissique ( J.AVIAS, 1967, F.O. FRANCISS, 1970, O.JAMIER, 1975), mais peu de chercheurs se sont penches sur le probleme des ecoulements souterrains dans des milieux ou, comme les schistes et les micaschistes, la presence d'une schistosite ou d'une foliation fine rend tres difficile l'etude de la fissuration. Cette difficulte de connaissance du milieu doublee de la difficulte d'observation d'ecoulements profonds a partir de la surface, entraine la necessite de surprendre les ecoulements lors de leur trajet, a l'occasion de l'execution de travaux souterrains. C'est ce que nous avons pu realiser grâce au percement de la galerie Arc-Isere. L'etude qui nous a ete confiee comportait donc deux buts: - la mise en evidence des directions et des modes d'ecoulements des eaux dans des milieux dont rien a priori ne permettait de penser qu'ils puissent etre favorables a des circulations profondes. Pour cela, nous nous devions de connaitre la structure intime des milieux consideres et la nature des circulations aquiferes qui les parcourent; - la connaissance hydrogeologique d'un secteur de la bordure occidentale du massif de Belledonne, dont l'etude globale entreprise par le laboratoire d'Hydrogeologie de l'Institut Dolomieu comptait deux precedents volets avec les travaux de M. MICHEL (1971) et G.PAPPINI (1976). Nous n'avons pas poursuivi ici un but strictement monographique, mais tente d'etablir une methodologie d'etude comparative surface-profondeur du milieu fissure avec, en conclusion ou plutoten application, l'etude d'un cheminement thermo-mineral.
Development of a Practical Broadband Active Vibration Control System (2011)

The goal of this work is to develop robust, lightweight, and low-power control units that can be used to suppress structural vibration in flexible aerospace structures. In particular, this paper focuses on active damping, which is implemented using compact decentralized control units distributed over the structure. Each control unit consists of a diamond-shaped piezoelectric patch actuator, three miniature accelerometers, and analog electronics. The responses from the accelerometers are added together and then integrated to give a signal proportional to velocity. The signal is then inverted, amplified, and applied to the actuator, which generates a control force that is out of phase with the measured velocity. This paper describes the development of the control system, including a detailed description of the control and power electronics. The paper also presents experimental results acquired on a Plexiglas window blank. Five identical control units installed around the perimeter of the window achieved 10 dB peak reductions and a 2.4 dB integrated reduction of the spatially averaged velocity of the window between 500 and 3000 Hz.
A new world of display application produced by a super-large-area Luminous Array Film based on the film and plasma technologies (2012)

FPD has been progressing toward to a Flexible Film Display realize a true real image by curved screen with film technology from conventional FPD with glass plate. A Luminous Array Film (LAFi) is the world first film type display technology that realizes a bendable super large area emissive display. We successfully developed the LAFi display using film technologies and plasma tube technologies. We developed low power consumption display of 200 W per 1 × 1-m, and put the first product into the market in 2009. We have been providing several unique display applications with super real and life size image to realize our customer's dreams by designing several curvature of screen and several screen size from 85-in. to 200-in. diagonals. Now, we are going to produce the new display to the worldwide market with the LAFi technology. We believe it create a new application world of flexible film media.
Structural Changes in Block Copolymers: Coupling of Electric Field and Mobile Ions (2003)

We argue that the presence of dissociated ions in block copolymers under electric fields can induce strong morphological changes and even lead to phase transitions. We investigate, in particular, diblock copolymers in the body centered cubic (bcc) phase. In pure dielectric materials (no free charges), a dielectric breakdown is expected to occur for large enough electric fields, preempting any structural phase transition. On the other hand, dissociated ions are predicted to induce a phase transition to a hexagonal array of cylinders, at fields of about 10 V/microm or even lower. The strength of this mechanism can be tuned by controlling the amount of free ions present.
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors as a target for the treatment of neuropathic pain (2006)

Abstract Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) agonists have been demonstrated to exhibit antinociceptive, antihyperalgesic, and antiallodynic effects across a range of preclinical models of pain. Yet, to date, no drugs have been successfully developed and approved for the treatment of pain from this pharmacological class. In this overview, the mechanism and site of action of nAChR agonists in models of neuropathic pain, as well as the current status and future prospects for the development of drugs from this class for the treatment of neuropathic pain, will be discussed. Drug Dev. Res. 67:355–359, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Multiaccurate Proxies for Downstream Fairness (2021)

We study the problem of training a model that must obey demographic fairness conditions when the sensitive features are not available at training time -- in other words, how can we train a model to be fair by race when we don't have data about race? We adopt a fairness pipeline perspective, in which an "upstream" learner that does have access to the sensitive features will learn a proxy model for these features from the other attributes. The goal of the proxy is to allow a general "downstream" learner -- with minimal assumptions on their prediction task -- to be able to use the proxy to train a model that is fair with respect to the true sensitive features. We show that obeying multiaccuracy constraints with respect to the downstream model class suffices for this purpose, provide sample- and oracle efficient-algorithms and generalization bounds for learning such proxies, and conduct an experimental evaluation. In general, multiaccuracy is much easier to satisfy than classification accuracy, and can be satisfied even when the sensitive features are hard to predict.