gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two distinct neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia revealed using machine learning (2020)

Neurobiological heterogeneity in schizophrenia is poorly understood and confounds current analyses. We investigated neuroanatomical subtypes in a multi-institutional multi-ethnic cohort, using novel semi-supervised machine learning methods designed to discover patterns associated with disease rather than normal anatomical variation. Structural MRI and clinical measures in established schizophrenia (n = 307) and healthy controls (n = 364) were analysed across three sites of PHENOM (Psychosis Heterogeneity Evaluated via Dimensional Neuroimaging) consortium. Regional volumetric measures of grey matter, white matter, and CSF were used to identify distinct and reproducible neuroanatomical subtypes of schizophrenia. Two distinct neuroanatomical subtypes were found. Subtype 1 showed widespread lower grey matter volumes, most prominent in thalamus, nucleus accumbens, medial temporal, medial prefrontal/frontal and insular cortices. Subtype 2 showed increased volume in the basal ganglia and internal capsule, and otherwise normal brain volumes. Grey matter volume correlated negatively with illness duration in Subtype 1 (r = -0.201, P = 0.016) but not in Subtype 2 (r = -0.045, P = 0.652), potentially indicating different underlying neuropathological processes. The subtypes did not differ in age (t = -1.603, df = 305, P = 0.109), sex (chi-square = 0.013, df = 1, P = 0.910), illness duration (t = -0.167, df = 277, P = 0.868), antipsychotic dose (t = -0.439, df = 210, P = 0.521), age of illness onset (t = -1.355, df = 277, P = 0.177), positive symptoms (t = 0.249, df = 289, P = 0.803), negative symptoms (t = 0.151, df = 289, P = 0.879), or antipsychotic type (chi-square = 6.670, df = 3, P = 0.083). Subtype 1 had lower educational attainment than Subtype 2 (chi-square = 6.389, df = 2, P = 0.041). In conclusion, we discovered two distinct and highly reproducible neuroanatomical subtypes. Subtype 1 displayed widespread volume reduction correlating with illness duration, and worse premorbid functioning. Subtype 2 had normal and stable anatomy, except for larger basal ganglia and internal capsule, not explained by antipsychotic dose. These subtypes challenge the notion that brain volume loss is a general feature of schizophrenia and suggest differential aetiologies. They can facilitate strategies for clinical trial enrichment and stratification, and precision diagnostics.
Heteroatom cyclopentene annulation. Synthesis of guaiane ring system (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeteroatom cyclopentene annulation. Synthesis of guaiane ring systemTomas Hudlicky, Serengulam V. Govindan, and James O. FrazierCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 21, 4166–4171Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00221a043https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00221a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automated drug delivery system for the management of hemodynamics and cardiac energetic in acute heart failure (2010)

We have developed a novel automated drug delivery system for simultaneous control of systemic arterial pressure (AP), cardiac output (CO), and left atrial pressure (P(LA)) in acute heart failure. The circulatory equilibrium framework we established previously discloses that AP, CO, and P(LA) are determined by equilibrium of the mechanical properties of the circulation, i.e. pumping ability of the left heart, stressed blood volume and systemic arterial resistance. Our system directly controls the three mechanical properties with cardiovascular drugs including inotropes and vasodilators, thereby controlling AP, CO, and P(LA). Furthermore, by precisely controlling bradycardia and LV inotropy, our system enables to improve cardiac energetic efficiency while preserving AP, CO, and P(LA) within acceptable ranges. In conclusion, by directly controlling the mechanical properties of the heart and vessel, our automated system realizes comprehensive management of hemodynamics in acute heart failure.
Scaling and balancing of multi-cell converters (2014)

In this paper, the potential of the multi-cell approach for power electronic converters with efficiencies and power densities beyond the barriers of state-of-the-art systems is discussed. Based on fundamental scaling laws the benefits of splitting a system into multiple converter cells are derived in terms of lower volume and/or higher power density for a given cooling capacity. In addition, the conditions for equal current and/or voltage balancing of multi-cell systems is reviewed. The advantages of the mulit-cell systems are examined in more detail based on the example of a DC-DC boost converter realized with either parallel- or series-interleaved boost cells. It is shown, that the multi-cell systems can offer lower switching and conduction losses and/or an improved voltage spectrum depending on the choice of the switching frequency relative to a single system. Furthermore, the effects of parasitic capacitances on unwanted ground currents are investigated for both configurations.
Iron: Heme Proteins & Dioxygen Transport & StorageBased in part on the article Iron: Heme Proteins & Dioxygen Transport by Harold M. Goff which appeared in theEncyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry, First Edition. (2005)

Abstract Most organisms require dioxygen (O 2 ) to survive; however, simple O 2 diffusion in blood does not supply a sufficient amount of oxygen for respiration. Thus, in all mammals, O 2 is carried and stored by O 2 ‐binding heme proteins, myoglobin, and hemoglobin. Myoglobin is a single‐chain globular protein with heme as a prosthetic group, while hemoglobin consists of four heme‐containing subunits. O 2 binds to ferrous pentacoordinated heme‐iron and is stabilized by distal and proximal amino acid residues in the heme pocket. The O 2 pathway in the protein matrix and the binding mechanisms are discussed in detail by O 2 ‐binding kinetic data for a series of myoglobin and hemoglobin mutants. Particularly, several residues, B10, E7, E10, E11, F7, and F8, mainly regulate the O 2 binding in the vertebrate heme proteins. In contrast, invertebrate and plant hemoglobins with unusually high O 2 affinities have been found in nature. In Ascaris hemoglobin, O 2 dissociation is very slow, whereas leghemoglobin shows a large O 2 association rate constant. In the case of trematode hemoglobin from Paramphistonum epiclitum , both kinetic parameters are improved. Artificial molecular design to modify O 2 affinity is another way to understand the O 2 binding mechanisms of the heme proteins. The strategy of heme protein modification can be divided into at least two approaches: One is a point mutation at distal or proximal amino acid residues, and the other is reconstitution by replacement of the native heme with an artificial heme. The physiological function of vertebrate hemoglobins is O 2 transport from the lungs or gills to the tissues; thus, they are required to exhibit cooperative interactions in binding O 2 to heme‐iron in the protein matrix. Although it is well known that a Hill coefficient of approximately 3.0 has been observed for tetrameric human hemoglobin, the mechanism of allosteric interaction is still discussed based on theoretical and experimental data. At present, an a two‐state (MWC) model proposed by Monod, Wyman, and Changeux for cooperative ligand binding is preferred to a sequential model. In addition, a study on the allosteric effectors for hemoglobins seems to be attractive from physiological aspects. The conventional effectors such as organic polyphosphate for human hemoglobin reduce the O 2 affinity of the T‐state, while it has been found that bezafibrate (BZF) or inositol hexaphosphate (IHP) can regulate O 2 binding not only for the T‐state but also for the R‐state. Finally, the interaction of NO with the heme proteins and modification of myoglobin for conversion into a new oxidase are briefly described.
Electrical Stimulation of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells on Conductive Nanofibers Enhances their Differentiation toward Osteogenic Outcomes (2015)

Tissue scaffolds allowing the behavior of the cells that reside within them to be controlled are of particular interest for tissue engineering. Herein, the preparation of conductive fiber-based bone tissue scaffolds (nonwoven mats of electrospun polycaprolactone with an interpenetrating network of polypyrrole and polystyrenesulfonate) is described that enable the electrical stimulation of human mesenchymal stem cells to enhance their differentiation toward osteogenic outcomes.
Integrating Continuous and Single‐Use Methods to Establish a New Downstream Processing Platform for Monoclonal Antibodies (2014)

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are a class of proteins belonging to the immunoglobulin family that function by stimulating the body's immune system to identify and destroy compromised cells, malignant proteins, or pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses. A basic mAb production and purification process is presented in this chapter. The template process can be broken down into five areas: upstream; clarification; capture; polishing; and formulation. The organization of the chapter follows the basic downstream purification process (DSP). It introduces the basic concepts of each step followed by an identification of many of the different technologies in use or in development. Where applicable, relevant practical examples in the form of case studies focusing on process development for the entire process as compared to the canonical per-unit operation approach are provided. A brief analysis of the economics of traditional and integrated and continuous processes is also provided.
Single transverse mode operation of GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with monolithically incorporated curved mirror (2019)

Abstract We report single transverse mode operation of a blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (GaN-VCSEL) with a monolithically incorporated curved mirror. For a device with a 4 μ m current aperture diameter and a curved mirror with a radius of curvature (ROC) of 51 μ m, single transverse mode operation was confirmed up to an output power of 3.2 mW under continuous wave operation at 20 °C. For a device with a smaller ROC of 31 μ m, multi transverse mode operation was confirmed, indicating that the transverse mode can be controlled by the cavity design of such GaN-VCSELs.
Fluorine as a Hydrogen‐Bond Acceptor: Experimental Evidence and Computational Calculations (2014)

Hydrogen-bonding interactions play an important role in many chemical and biological systems. Fluorine acting as a hydrogen-bond acceptor in intermolecular and intramolecular interactions has been the subject of many controversial discussions and there are different opinions about it. Recently, we have proposed a correlation between the propensity of fluorine to be involved in hydrogen bonds and its (19)F NMR chemical shift. We now provide additional experimental and computational evidence for this correlation. The strength of hydrogen-bond complexes involving the fluorine moieties CH2F, CHF2, and CF3 was measured and characterized in simple systems by using established and novel NMR methods and compared to the known hydrogen-bond complex formed between acetophenone and p-fluorophenol. Implications of these results for (19)F NMR screening are analyzed in detail. Computed values of the molecular electrostatic potential at the different fluorine atoms and the analysis of the electron density topology at bond critical points correlate well with the NMR results.
Increased Serum Levels of Mesencephalic Astrocyte-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Subjects With Parkinson’s Disease (2019)

MANF but not CDNF level was increased in the blood of PD patients. It would be interesting to examine the blood level of MANF from early stage PD patients in future studies to test whether MANF can be used as a clinical marker of PD.
Synthesis of dihydro-1,4-oxathiins by action of chlorine on 1,3-oxathiolanes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of dihydro-1,4-oxathiins by action of chlorine on 1,3-oxathiolanesWha Suk Lee, Oee Sook Park, Joong Kwon Choi, and Kee Dal NamCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 24, 5374–5377Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00233a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00233a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antireflective surface patterned by rolling mask lithography (2014)

A growing number of commercial products such as displays, solar panels, light emitting diodes (LEDs and OLEDs), automotive and architectural glass are driving demand for glass with high performance surfaces that offer anti-reflective, self-cleaning, and other advanced functions. State-of-the-art coatings do not meet the desired performance characteristics or cannot be applied over large areas in a cost-effective manner. “Rolling Mask Lithography” (RML&trade;) enables highresolution lithographic nano-patterning over large-areas at low-cost and high-throughput. RML is a photolithographic process performed using ultraviolet (UV) illumination transmitted through a soft cylindrical mask as it rolls across a substrate. Subsequent transfer of photoresist patterns into the substrate is achieved using an etching process, which creates a nanostructured surface. The current generation exposure tool is capable of patterning one-meter long substrates with a width of 300 mm. High-throughput and low-cost are achieved using continuous exposure of the resist by the cylindrical photomask. Here, we report on significant improvements in the application of RML&trade; to fabricate anti-reflective surfaces. Briefly, an optical surface can be made antireflective by “texturing” it with a nano-scale pattern to reduce the discontinuity in the index of refraction between the air and the bulk optical material. An array of cones, similar to the structure of a moth’s eye, performs this way. Substrates are patterned using RML&trade; and etched to produce an array of cones with an aspect ratio of 3:1, which decreases the reflectivity below 0.1%.
Optical and Electrical Characteristics of an Endoscopic DBD Plasma Jet (2020)

In this work, a new cold plasma source design capable of generating and transporting a plasma jet over long distances (2 m) is presented with the purpose of being used in flexible endoscopy for treatment within the gastrointestinal tract. This dielectric barrier discharge helium plasma jet consists of a polytetrafluoroethylene capillary connected to a quartz chamber around which a copper electrode is wrapped. A copper wire is freely inserted inside the capillary. The applied voltage is a conventional AC 18-kHz signal to drive the discharge. In order to develop a safe and predictable treatment, a robust and reliable electrical model is necessary and we hypothesized that plasma transport can be modeled as a transmission line. We therefore assessed the electrical behavior of our new cold plasma source. As it is known that the target to which the plasma jet is applied drastically changes the behavior of the plasma itself, an electrical substitute simulating the impedance of a human body is introduced into the circuit, and the plasma behavior is then compared to the free-jet configuration. The effects of the input power (from 10 W to 80 W), and the length of the jet (from 60 cm to 220 cm) were investigated, as well as the electrical changes induced by the presence of an endoscope. The results obtained show trend curves similar to our hypothetical model, although the latter is still only qualitative. This long plasma jet model represents a promising approach that can be used, after further refinement, for controllability of plasma jets for endoscopy applications.
Site of cochlear stimulation and its effect on electrically evoked compound action potentials using the MED-EL standard electrode array (2009)

The Clinical Investigation has the Competent Authority registration number DE/CA126/AP4/3332/18/05.
Von der Rekonstruktion zur Funktion (2020)

Zusammenfassung Hintergrund In der Mittelohrchirurgie bedarf es ausgezeichneter feinmotorischer Fertigkeiten. Aufgrund des hohen Komplikationspotenzials im Mittelohr ist die Ausbildung dieser Fertigkeiten am Modell anzustreben. Fragestellung Wie gut ist die Ausbildungsmöglichkeit an geeigneten Modellen? Können die am Modell erlernten Fertigkeiten in die intraoperative Situation übertragen werden? Beeinflusst das Modell und die Ausbildung daran die zukünftige Ohrchirurgie? Material und Methode Vorliegende Publikationen und eigene Erfahrungen am Dresdener Tympanoplastikmodell (DTM) wurden analysiert und diskutiert. Ergebnisse Obwohl die Mittelohrchirurgie hohe Anforderungen an den Ausführenden stellt und am Sinnesorgan Ohr schwerwiegende Komplikationen drohen, gibt es bisher nur wenige Trainingsmöglichkeiten dafür. Das DTM ist ein validiertes Übungsmodell, das diese Lücke schließen kann. Durch eine Real-Time-Feedback-Variante des Modells kann auch das Verständnis für Rekonstruktionsqualität und intraoperative akustische Noxen verbessert werden. Die Übertragung des Real-Time-Feedback-Gedankens in die reale Mittelohrchirurgie kann die Rekonstruktionsqualität zukünftig verbessern. Schlussfolgerungen Das Training an geeigneten Modellen ist speziell beim Erlernen der Mittelohrchirurgie anzustreben. Mit dem Real-Time-Feedback kann beim Lernen und Operieren eine weitere Sinneswahrnehmung in die eigene und fremde Qualitätskontrolle der Tympanoplastik sehr wirksam einbezogen werden.
Microfluidic squeezing for intracellular antigen loading in polyclonal B-cells as cellular vaccines (2015)

B-cells are promising candidate autologous antigen-presenting cells (APCs) to prime antigen-specific T-cells both in vitro and in vivo. However to date, a significant barrier to utilizing B-cells as APCs is their low capacity for non-specific antigen uptake compared to "professional" APCs such as dendritic cells. Here we utilize a microfluidic device that employs many parallel channels to pass single cells through narrow constrictions in high throughput. This microscale "cell squeezing" process creates transient pores in the plasma membrane, enabling intracellular delivery of whole proteins from the surrounding medium into B-cells via mechano-poration. We demonstrate that both resting and activated B-cells process and present antigens delivered via mechano-poration exclusively to antigen-specific CD8(+)T-cells, and not CD4(+)T-cells. Squeezed B-cells primed and expanded large numbers of effector CD8(+)T-cells in vitro that produced effector cytokines critical to cytolytic function, including granzyme B and interferon-γ. Finally, antigen-loaded B-cells were also able to prime antigen-specific CD8(+)T-cells in vivo when adoptively transferred into mice. Altogether, these data demonstrate crucial proof-of-concept for mechano-poration as an enabling technology for B-cell antigen loading, priming of antigen-specific CD8(+)T-cells, and decoupling of antigen uptake from B-cell activation.
Inverse Kinematic Solution of Robot Manipulators Using Interval Analysis (1998)

Interval analysis is a growing branch of computational mathematics where operations are carried out on intervals instead of real numbers. This paper presents the first application of this method to robotic mechanisms for the solution of inverse kinematics. As shown in this paper, it is possible to potentially compute all solutions of the inverse kinematics problem using this method. This paper describes the preliminaries of interval analysis, the numerical algorithm, the computational complexity, and illustrations with examples.
Cord blood–derived T cells allow the generation of a more naïve tumor‐reactive cytotoxic T‐cell phenotype (2017)

MART1-reactive CB T cells with a more naïve phenotype and improved properties for homing can be generated. The results contribute to better understanding the effects on GVHD and graft versus tumor.
Amniotic Fluid-Derived Stem Cells as a Cell Source for Bone Tissue Engineering (2012)

In tissue engineering, stem cells have become an ideal cell source that can differentiate into most human cell types. Among the stem cells, bone marrow-derived stem cells (BMSCs) have been widely studied, and there is strong evidence that these cells can be differentiated into cells of the osteogenic lineage. Thus, BMSCs have become the gold standard for studies of tissue engineering in orthopedics. However, novel stem cell sources, such as amniotic fluid-derived stem cells (AFSCs) have been identified, and these have important and unique features that may lead to novel and successful applications toward the regeneration of bone tissue. This study was designed to originally compare the osteogenic potential of both BMSCs and AFSCs under distinct culture environments to determine whether the osteogenic differentiation process of both types of stem cells is related to the origin of the cells. Osteogenic differentiation was carried out in both two and three dimensions using a tissue culture plate and by means of seeding the cells onto microfibrous starch and poly(ɛ-caprolactone) scaffolds (a blend of starch and polycaprolactone), respectively. BMSCs and AFSCs were successfully differentiated into the osteogenic cell type, as cells derived from them produced a mineralized extracellular matrix. Nevertheless, the two types of cells presented different expression patterns of bone-related markers as well as different timing of differentiation, indicating that both cell origin and the culture environment have a significant impact on the differentiation into the osteogenic phenotype in AFSCs and BMSCs.