gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Matriptase Deletion Initiates a Sjögren’s Syndrome-Like Disease in Mice (2014)

Our findings demonstrate that local impairment of epithelial barrier function can lead to loss of exocrine gland function [corrected] in the absence of inflammation while systemic deletion can induce a primary Sjögren's syndrome like phenotype with autoimmunity and loss of gland function.
Bactericidal Activity for Neisseria meningitidis in Properdin-Deficient Sera (1987)

We investigated serum bactericidal reactions against Neisseria meningitidis (serogroups A, B, C, D, Y, W-135, 29E, X, and Z) in the sera of two healthy adults with properdin deficiency. Bactericidal reactions mediated via the classic complement pathway (unchelated system) were not impaired in properdin-deficient serum. The properdin-deficient sera supported alternative pathway-mediated killing (Mg++EGTA-chelated system) of some, but not all, of the strains investigated. Vaccination of the properdin-deficient individuals with serogroup A and C polysaccharide clearly increased the concentrations of antibody to meningococci. At least some of the antibodies induced by vaccination supported the bactericidal activity of properdin-deficient serum. Some antibodies to meningococci, probably of the IgM class, promoted alternative pathway-mediated bactericidal reactions in the absence of properdin. By contrast, presensitizing meningococci with IgG enhanced the alternative pathway-mediated reactions, but this was strictly a properdin-dependent effect.
Neural network modeling of variable frequency microwave curing (2003)

A new thermal processing technique, known as variable frequency microwave (VFM) curing, can perform the same processing as traditional thermal curing in minutes without compromising the intrinsic material properties. To verify that VFM curing results in comparable material properties, several experiments are performed with samples of benzocyclobutene (BCB) cured on silicon wafers. Curing is performed in a Lambda Technologies MircoCure/spl trade/ 2100 system, as well as a conventional thermal furnace. The BCB samples are heated to an appropriate temperature and held at that temperature for a specific amount of time for both processing methods. Through-plane and in-plane indices of refraction are subsequently measured using a Metricon prism coupler. Backpropagation neural networks are then implemented to model the VFM curing and the conventional curing processes. Inputs to these neural networks are temperature and time-at-temperature, and the outputs are the in-plane and through-plane indices of refraction of the cured BCB samples. The indices of refraction are then used as metrics to determine the extent of cure of the BCB. To validate the neural network models, the root-mean-square (RMS) error is used as a performance metric. RMS errors on the order of 1e-2 are achieved when comparing the outputs of the neural network models with test data.
Risk factors for advanced colorectal neoplasms in the proximal colon in 6218 subjects undergoing complete colonoscopy (2018)

Age ≥ 50 and male gender were associated with both proximally located AN and serrated lesion; FDR with CRC and hypertension increased the risk of proximal AN, while ever smoking increased the risk of proximal serrated lesion. FDR with CRC was not associated with serrated lesion.
Interconnect Joule Heating under Transient Currents using the Transmission Line Matrix Method (2012)

The quality and reliability of interconnects in microelectronics is a major challenge considering the increasing level of integration and high current densities. This work studied the problem of transient Joule heating in interconnects in a two-dimensional (2D) inhomogeneous domain using the transmission line matrix (TLM) method. Computational efficiency of the TLM method and its ability to accept non-uniform 2D and 3D mesh and variable time step makes it a good candidate for multi-scale analysis of Joule heating in on-chip interconnects. The TLM method was implemented with link-resistor (LR) and link-line (LL) formulations, and the results were compared with a finite element (FE) model. The overall behavior of the TLM models were in good agreement with the FE model while, near the heat source, the transient TLM solutions developed slower than the FE solution. The steady-state results of the TLM and FE models were identical. The two TLM formulations yielded slightly different transient results, with the LL result growing slower, particularly at the source boundary and becoming unstable at short time-steps. It was concluded that the LR formulation is more accurate for transient thermal analysis.
EUS-guided radiofrequency ablation of pancreatic/peripancreatic tumors and oligometastatic disease: an observational prospective multicenter study (2022)

Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic ultrasound-guided radiofrequency ablation (EUS-RFA) is an emerging and minimally invasive technique that seems promising for treatment of focal pancreatic and peripancreatic lesions. Our aim was to prospectively evaluate the feasibility, safety, and technical and clinical success of pancreatic and extra-pancreatic EUS-RFA. Patients and methods We prospectively collected clinical and technical data for all patients who underwent EUS-RFA at two Belgian academic centers from June 2018 to February 2022. Feasibility, adverse events (AEs), and follow-up were also assessed. Results Twenty-nine patients were included, accounting for 35 lesions: 10 non-functioning neuroendocrine tumors (29 %), 13 pancreatic insulinomas (37 %), one adenocarcinoma (3 %), and 11 intra-pancreatic and extra-pancreatic metastatic lesions (31 %). Technical success was achieved in 100 % of cases, with a median of three power applications per lesion (interquartile range 2). The majority of patients (59 %) presented no collateral effects, three (10.3 %) developed non-severe acute pancreatitis, and four (14 %) had mild abdominal pain. At 6 months follow-up (n = 25), 36 % of patients showed radiological complete response, 16 % presented a significant partial response and 48 % showed &lt; 50 % decrease in diameter. At 12 months (n = 20), 30 % showed complete necrosis and 15 % &gt; 50 % decrease in diameter. Hypoglycemia related to insulinoma was immediately corrected in all 13 cases, with no recurrence during follow-up. Conclusions EUS-RFA is feasible, safe, and effective for treatment of pancreatic and peripancreatic tumors. Larger and longer multicenter prospective studies are warranted to establish its role in management of focal pancreatic lesions and oligometastatic disease. Symptomatic insulinoma currently represent the best indication.
Search for associated production of dark matter with a Higgs boson decaying to b b ¯ $$ \mathrm{b}\overline{\mathrm{b}} $$ or γγ at s = 13 $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV (2017)

A search for dark matter is performed looking for events with large missing transverse momentum and a Higgs boson decaying either to a pair of bottom quarks or to a pair of photons. The data from proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, collected in 2015 with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 2.3 fb -1 . Results are interpreted in the context of a Z -two-Higgs-doublet model, where the gauge symmetry of the standard model is extended by a U(1) Z group, with a new massive Z gauge boson, and the Higgs sector is extended with four additional Higgs bosons. In this model, a high-mass resonance Z decays into a pseudoscalar boson A and a light SM-like scalar Higgs boson, and the A decays to a pair of dark matter particles. No significant excesses are observed over the background prediction. Combining results from the two decay channels yields exclusion limits in the signal cross section in the m Zm A phase space. For example, the observed data exclude the Z mass range from 600 to 1860 GeV, for Z coupling strength g Z = 0.8, the coupling of A with dark matter particles g = 1, the ratio of the vacuum expectation values tan = 1, and m A = 300 GeV. The results of this analysis are valid for any dark matter particle mass below 100 GeV.
Supplementary Figures 1 through 4 from Overcoming the Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment of Hodgkin Lymphoma Using Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S1. CD123 and CD30 expression in Hodgkin lymphoma. Figure S2. Hodgkin Lymphoma polarizes normal macrophage to an immunosuppressive phenotype. Figure S3. Anti-lymphoma activity of CART123. Figure S4. CART123 efficiently kill macrophages.&lt;/p&gt;
Fluorescence lifetime imaging of high-speed particles with single-photon image sensors (2019)

The capability of Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) to detect photons with picosecond timing precision and shotnoise limited performance has given rise to a range of biological and biomedical applications, from Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging Microscopy (FLIM) to Raman Spectroscopy and Positron Emission Tomography (PET). The use of SPAD sensors has also been successfully demonstrated in Single-Molecule Localisation Microscopy. Traditionally implemented as point detectors, recent advances in SPAD technology, such as compact, binary pixels and back-side illuminated, 3D-stacked architectures, have led to 2-D imaging arrays of increasing resolution and fill factor. Combined with high frame rates (in the kFPS range), and negligible read noise, the sensors offer an exciting prospect for capturing fast temporal dynamics in life science cellular imaging. The work in this paper considers the application of SPAD imaging arrays to widefield fluorescence lifetime imaging of high-speed particles in microscopy. We demonstrate, using a time-gated binary SPAD array, that by tracking particles, and spatially re-assigning the underlying photon counts accordingly, lifetime estimates for fast-moving objects are possible. Moreover, we give the first demonstration of FLIM using a SPAD imaging array with on-chip histogramming of photon arrival time, with potential frame rates of several 100FPS. Both FLIM techniques are illustrated using experimental results based on fluorescent microspheres undergoing Brownian motion. The results pave the way towards applications in live-cell microscopy, such as the monitoring of the fluorescence lifetime of highly mobile cell structures, with a view, for example, to study molecular interactions using Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) measurements.
Abstract A054: Loss of an androgen-inactivating and isoform-specific HSD17B4 splice form enables emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer (2018)

Abstract The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) requires tumors to engage metabolic mechanisms that allow sustained concentrations of testosterone and/or dihydrotestosterone, which stimulate tumor progression despite castration. 17βHSD4, encoded by HSD17B4, is an enzyme that is thought to inactive testosterone and dihydrotestosterone by way of conversion to their respective inert 17-keto steroids. Counterintuitively, HSD17B4 expression is known to increase in CRPC and predict for poor prognosis. Here, we show that of 5 alternative splice forms of HSD17B4, only isoform 2 encodes an enzyme capable of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone inactivation. In contrast to other transcripts, functional expression of isoform 2 is specifically suppressed in development of CRPC in patients. Genetically silencing isoform 2 shifts the metabolic balance toward 17β-OH androgens (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone), stimulates PSA expression, and spurs the development of CRPC in xenograft models. Together, our studies specifically implicate HSD17B4 isoform 2 loss in the development of lethal prostate cancer. Citation Format: Hyun-Kyung Ko, Michael Berk, Yoon-Mi Chung, Belinda Willard, Rohan Bareja, Mark Rubin, Andrea Sboner, Nima Sharifi. Loss of an androgen-inactivating and isoform-specific HSD17B4 splice form enables emergence of castration-resistant prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Prostate Cancer: Advances in Basic, Translational, and Clinical Research; 2017 Dec 2-5; Orlando, Florida. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(16 Suppl):Abstract nr A054.
Radiographic Outcomes of Cotton Osteotomy in Treatment of Adult-Acquired Flatfoot Deformity (2021)

Level IV, case series.
Long-distance control in stereoselective reduction of 3-[3-(4?-bromo[1,1?-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-keto-1-phenylpropyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one: Relative configuration of prevailing diastereomer and absolute configuration of its enantiomers (1997)

Depending on the reducing agent and reaction conditions, diastereoselective reduction of 3-[3-(4′-bromo[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-3-keto-1-phenylpropyl]-4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (2) proceeds with different stereoselectivity; a surprisingly high, approximately 90% d.e. of 4A is achieved with NaBH4 in MeOH at low temperature. Resulting diastereomeric racemates 4A and 4B are separated and their respective syn and anti configurations are assigned on the bases of mechanic considerations, supported by the 1H-NMR spectra and conformational analysis based on MM2 calculations. The syn diastereomer 7A, 4-OMe derivative of 4A, was partially resolved by acylation at C(3)-OH with S-(−)-camphanic acid to camphanyl ester 12 of (−)-7A, leaving (+)-enantiomer 7A. The assignment of absolute 1R,3S-configuration to (−)-7A is based on comparison of its CD spectrum with those of the model compounds S-14 and R-15, which represent partial chromophores 4-hydroxy-2H-1-benzopyran-2-one (4-hydroxycoumarin) A, and 4′-bromo-1,1′-biphenyl B; their exciton coupling in (−)-7A is suggested. Chirality 9:512–522, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Supplementary Figure 2 from T-cell Expression of IL10 Is Essential for Tumor Immune Surveillance in the Small Intestine (2023)

&lt;p&gt;(A-D) Representative immunofluorescent staining images of B6 small intestinal and APCdelta468 polyp and marginal tissue. (A) 200X images showing CD4 (red), Foxp3 (green), and DAPI (blue). (B) 400X images showing Foxp3 (green), IL-10 (red), and DAPI (blue). (C) 400X images showing CD4 (green), IL-10 (red), double positive CD4+IL-10+ (yellow), and DAPI (blue).&lt;/p&gt;
Wireless Power and Energy Harvesting Control in IoD by Deep Reinforcement Learning (2021)

Internet of Drones (IoD), which deploys several drones in the air to collect ground information and send them to the IoD gateway for further processing, can be applied in traffic surveillance and disaster rescue. The performance of IoD is greatly affected by drones' battery capacities. We hence utilize the energy harvesting technology to charge the batteries and the wireless power control to adjust the drone wireless transmission power in order to address this challenge. In our work, we investigate the joint optimization of power control and energy harvesting control to determine each drone's transmission power and the transmitted energy from the charging station in time-varying IoD networks. Our objective is to minimize the long-term average system energy cost constrained by the drones' battery capacities and quality of service (QoS) requirements. A Markov Decision Process (MDP) is formulated to characterize the power and energy harvesting control process in time-varying IoD networks. A modified actor-critic reinforcement learning algorithm is then proposed to tackle our problem and its performance is demonstrated via extensive simulations.
Capacitive‐Gap Filters for Millimeter Waves (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Capacitive-Gap Filters Extension to Millimeter Waves Electromagnetic Characterization of SSS Conclusions References
Visible wavelength fiber Bragg grating arrays for high speed biomedical spectral sensing (2010)

Spectral data for each pixel in a confocal spatial scan are acquired by mapping spectral slices into the time domain with an array of visible fiber Bragg gratings. Multispectral images of biomedical tissue can be generated in real time.
<title>All-optical antenna array adaptive processing system</title> (1999)

We present an all-optical architecture for a fully adaptive antenna array processor capable of optimally processing the signals from very large arrays in the presence of high frequency and wideband signals. A modified version of the least mean square algorithm is employed using the BEAMTAP (Broadband and Efficient Adaptive Method for True-time-delay Array Processing) architecture. A dynamic photorefractive volume hologram is used for the adaptive weights and two cohered fiber arrays are used as tapped-delay-lines at the output and feedback paths, allowing for the processing of signals at bandwidths exceeding 10 GHz. The optical cohering of the fiber arrays is discussed and simulations are shown which describe the performance of the proposed architecture in the presence of broadband signals and multiple broadband jammers.
Petrophysical Characterization of Tight Sands in Granite Wash, Anadarko Basin (2016)

Abstract The Granite Wash formation is made up of arkosic detrital material and is deposited as a series of overlapping submarine fans. These tight gas sands have very low porosity (&amp;lt;8%) and permeability (&amp;lt;.001 md). The Granite Wash contains upto ten discrete production zones. The recent drilling activity in Granite Wash play has increased substantially in the oil and condensate rich zones. These formations are highly complex and heterogeneous which poses a major challenge in characterizing them. Identification of best reservoir rocks in the Granite Wash has long been a piece of puzzle. Petrophysical measurements (porosity, mineralogy, mercury injection capillary pressure, permeability, NMR) have been performed on 115 ft of core from a well located in the Wheeler County. The core has been recovered from the Carr formation. The porosity in the formation ranges from 1.2% to 7.4% with an average porosity of 4.3±1.3%. The porosity of the samples increases with an increase in grain size. The mineralogy in the formation shows a wide variation and consists of quartz (24±8%), feldspars (50±13%), clays (23±14%) and carbonates (3±6%). The rock quality is severely affected by the pore filling chlorite (~20%) in the formation. The MICP and NMR data shows bimodal distribution of pore throat size and T2 distribution, indicating presence of two types of pore system. We utilized principal component analysis and K means clustering technique to identify different clusters of similar petrophysical properties. Based on our clustering analysis we identified three rock types in the Carr formation. A unique mercury injection capillary pressure curve was observed for each cluster. The thin sections support the different rock types in the Carr formation. The variable grain density (2.62 gm/cc to 2.78 gm/cc) and presence of chlorite (~20%) complicates the estimation of porosity from neutron and density logs. Also, the presence of K feldspar (0 to 12%) forbids the use of gamma ray log in estimation of clay content in these formations. Based on the results of the core analysis, a method to identify the best reservoir rocks from conventional well logs is suggested.
System design and performance characteristics of newly developed whole-body multislice single photon emission computed tomograph (1985)

The authors have developed a new whole-body multislice single photon emission computed tomograph (SPECT). The scanner consists of three detector rings with 128 NaI crystals (14x26x30 mm) in each ring, providing three tomographic slices at 30 mm intervals. The detectors are equally arranged around the ring of 66 cm diameter with packing ratio of 0.86. The patient aperture and the field of view are 50 cm and 35 cm, respectively. Two types of focused collimators, of high resolution (HR) and high sensitivity (HS), are equipped. Linear scan and transmission scan can also be performed using the HS collimator. The radioactivity monitored by a single probe detector as well as the ECG signals can be recorded during the scan. The spatial resolution (FWHM) was 14.2 mm in the center of the field with HR collimator. The axial resolution (FWHM) was 24 mm and 34 mm for HR and HS collimator, respectively. The sensitivity measured with 20 cm diameter cylindrical phantom filled with Tc-99m solution was 5.7 and 17 kcps/..mu..Ci/ml for HR and HS collimator, respectively. The high sensitivity allows dynamic SPECT scan in various organs, such as in the brain with 3 mCi of I-123 iodoamphetamine (every 2 min) and inmore » the heart with 3 mCi of Tl-201 (every 5 min). Gated cardiac pool SPECT scan can also be performed. Thus this machine will be useful for the assessment of regional tracer kinetics of many compounds labeled with gamma emitting radionuclides.« less
Detecting Insider Theft of Trade Secrets (2009)

MITRE researchers designed a prototype system for identifying insider threats, which prompted a team of engineers and social scientists to experimentally study how malicious insiders use information differently from a benign baseline group. This research provides new insight into how malicious insiders behave.
The Pangenome: A Data-Driven Discovery in Biology (2020)

Abstract An early example of Big data in biology: how a mathematical model, developed to address a practical question in vaccinology, transformed established concepts, opening biology to the “unbounded.”
Advances in Optimizing Recurrent Networks (2012)

After a more than decade-long period of relatively little research activity in the area of recurrent neural networks, several new developments will be reviewed here that have allowed substantial progress both in understanding and in technical solutions towards more efficient training of recurrent networks. These advances have been motivated by and related to the optimization issues surrounding deep learning. Although recurrent networks are extremely powerful in what they can in principle represent in terms of modelling sequences,their training is plagued by two aspects of the same issue regarding the learning of long-term dependencies. Experiments reported here evaluate the use of clipping gradients, spanning longer time ranges with leaky integration, advanced momentum techniques, using more powerful output probability models, and encouraging sparser gradients to help symmetry breaking and credit assignment. The experiments are performed on text and music data and show off the combined effects of these techniques in generally improving both training and test error.
Recent developments in optical-microwave techniques (1992)

Optical techniques for both microwave device and circuit characterization, and phase-locking of voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) are presented. The optical approach to on-wafer testing of GaAs microwave/millimeter-wave monolithic integrated circuits (MMICs) with built-in test structures has been demonstrated at Ku-band. A MMIC VCO has also been successfully phased-locked to a picosecond optical source based on GaAs optical/microwave intermixing effect. These accomplishments have resulted in the potential applications of these techniques to MMIC manufacturing and phased-array system applications.
Substitution: Syntactic versus Semantic (1998)

A formalism with quantifiers permits two kinds of substitution: syntactic substitution that allows the capture of bound variables and semantic substitution that does not. When quantification is explicit, all substitution can be made semantic. When quantification is implicit, as in some formalisms used to reason about programs, both types of substitution are needed. Consider the following definitions: x = r ∗ cos θ F � = ∃θ: x = tan θ (1) What does F equal? It should equal the result of substituting r ∗ cos θ for x in ∃ θ: x = tan θ. Naive substitution makes F equal to ∃ θ: r∗cos θ = tan θ,which is how most readers would probably interpret (1). However, naive substitution can lead to problems. Naively substituting tan θ for x in the formula ∃ θ: x = tan θ, which is valid for any x, yields the invalid formula ∃ θ: tanθ = tan θ. Validity