gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study on cross-corpus speech emotion recognition and data augmentation (2022)

Models that can handle a wide range of speakers and acoustic conditions are essential in speech emotion recognition (SER). Often, these models tend to show mixed results when presented with speakers or acoustic conditions that were not visible during training. This paper investigates the impact of cross-corpus data complementation and data augmentation on the performance of SER models in matched (test-set from same corpus) and mismatched (test-set from different corpus) conditions. Investigations using six emotional speech corpora that include single and multiple speakers as well as variations in emotion style (acted, elicited, natural) and recording conditions are presented. Observations show that, as expected, models trained on single corpora perform best in matched conditions while performance decreases between 10-40% in mismatched conditions, depending on corpus specific features. Models trained on mixed corpora can be more stable in mismatched contexts, and the performance reductions range from 1 to 8% when compared with single corpus models in matched conditions. Data augmentation yields additional gains up to 4% and seem to benefit mismatched conditions more than matched ones.
Abstract 3589: A systematic approach toward gene annotation of the hallmarks of cancer (2017)

Abstract The hallmarks of cancer consist of ten categories that serve as an organizing principle and framework for understanding neoplastic disease. The ten hallmarks include activating invasion and metastasis, avoiding immune destruction, deregulating cellular energetics, enabling replicative immortality, evading growth suppressors, genome instability and mutation, inducing angiogenesis, resisting cell death, sustaining proliferative signaling, and tumor-promoting inflammation. In order to facilitate the use of the hallmarks of cancer in genomic studies, we have undertaken a systematic methodology to map genes to each individual hallmark of cancer. Assignment of genes to the individual hallmarks was performed leveraging gene ontology (GO) annotations. Specifically, for each hallmark, a term list was generated by cancer research experts, with biological terms associated with each hallmark. This term list was used to search and identify matching GO terms. Matched terms were then mapped to the highest, most specific, representative, non-redundant GO term in the GO hierarchy. Genes for each term were restricted by selecting only human taxon, and high confidence experimental evidence codes. For specific GO terms, where present, the Regulation of ‘GO term’ category was included. The genes for each GO term for each hallmark were combined in a non-redundant list of genes for each hallmark. In the case of the evading growth suppressors category, a different strategy was employed. In this instance, genes were identified through ‘tumor suppressor’ gene/protein annotation in the DGIdb resource and UniProt. Additionally, text-mining methods on biomedical research literature were used to defined a high confidence list of genes for this hallmark. As an example use case of the hallmarks we applied them to the analysis of the TCGA Pan-Cancer RNAseq data set. Clustering across the individual hallmarks led to interesting differences within particular tumor tissue types, as well as shared hallmarks for other tumor types. For example, use of the genome instability and mutation hallmark for Pan-Cancer clustering, revealed a tight tissue-based cluster of low-grade gliomas and GBMs. This result suggests the importance of this hallmark expression in this tumor type. This high confidence mapping of genes to hallmarks of cancer provides a unique dataset to facilitate analyses of cancer genome data. Citation Format: Jeff Kiefer, Sara Nasser, John Graf, Chinnappa Kodira, Fiona Ginty, Lee Newberg, Anup Sood, Michael E. Berens. A systematic approach toward gene annotation of the hallmarks of cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3589. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3589
Chip-package electrical interaction in organic packages with embedded actives (2011)

System integration and miniaturization needs are the driving factors for embedding active and passive components within packages. But embedding components also results in unwanted interferences within the package. This paper demonstrates chip-package interaction in the form of electromagnetic interference between the embedded chip and its package. The electromagnetic coupling experienced by the bond-pads of the embedded chip, the effect of bulk substrate of the embedded chip on the coupling across the package and the influence of die to cavity clearance on the vertical electromagnetic coupling across the different layers of the package housing the embedded chip are analyzed. Results from simulations and measurements are presented to demonstrate the phenomena studied.
In-die metrology on photomasks for low k 1 lithography (2009)

New lithography techniques like Double Patterning, Computational Lithography and Source Mask Optimization will be used to drive immersion lithography to its limits. This results in several challenges for the mask maker. The extremely high MEEF values amplify small process variations on the mask features on the wafer. Complex mask features using sophisticated OPC and assist features as well as double patterning tightens the registration and CDU specification at the same time. Especially, overlay becomes more and more critical and must be ensured on every die. In-die registration and CD metrology on arbitrary features is required to measure mask performance precisely. In this paper an overview about several in-die metrology techniques will be given. Application of in-die CD measurements using the Zeiss WLCD32 tool as well as in-die registration measurements using the Zeiss Prove tool will be shown and discussed.
Rugged spinel windows and optics for harsh environments (2013)

Spinel is a rugged ceramic transparent from ultraviolet to midwave infrared (0.18 – 5.5 &mu;m) wavelengths. It has the best transmission from 4-5 &mu;m among the competing materials ALON and sapphire with comparable mechanical properties. We have developed low absorption loss spinel as an exit window aperture for High Energy Laser systems. We demonstrated that spinel possesses excellent thermo-optical characteristics required for the High Energy Laser systems and at the same time it can provide the necessary ruggedness desired for the realistic and harsh battlefield environment. We have demonstrated through testing that spinel can withstand very adverse conditions of rain, sand storms and salt fog conditions without any change in its optical performance. We have also developed rugged anti-reflective coatings and anti-reflective surface structures to maintain high optical transmission in adverse environment.
In Vivo Imaging to Characterize Dynamic Tissue Responses after Neural Electrode Implantation (2019)

Implantable neural electrodes are promising technologies to restore motor, sensory, and cognitive function in many neural pathologies through brain-computer interfacing (BCI). Many BCI applications require electrode implantation within neural tissue to resolve and/or modulate the physiological activity of individual neurons via electrical recording and stimulation. This invasive implantation leads to acute and long-term deterioration of both the electrode device as well as the neurons surrounding the device. Ultimately, damage to the electrode and neural tissue results in electrode recording failure within the first years after implantation. Many strategies to improve BCI longevity focus on mitigating tissue damage through improving neuronal survival or reducing inflammatory activity around implants. Despite incremental improvements, electrode failure persists as an obstacle to wide-spread clinical deployment of BCIs. This can be partly attributed to an incomplete understanding of the biological correlates of recording performance. These correlates have largely been identified through post-mortem histological staining, which cannot capture dynamic changes in cellular physiology and morphology. In the following dissertation, we use longitudinal two-photon in vivo imaging to quantify how neurons, microglia, and meningeal immune cells are affected by an intracortical electrode during and after implantation in mouse cortex. We go beyond conventional histological techniques to show the time-course of neuronal injury and microglial recruitment after implantation. Neuronal injury occurs instantaneously, with prolonged, high calcium levels evident in neurons within 100 µm of implants. Microglial activation occurs within minutes of implantation and subsequent microglial encapsulation of electrodes can be modulated by bioactive surface coatings. Within the first day post-implant, there is high trafficking of peripheral immune cells through venules at the surface of the brain as well as along the electrode’s shank at the surface of the brain. Over the next month, calcium activity in neurons increases while the collagenous meningeal tissues at the surface of the brain thicken. We further show that meningeal thickening can have profound implications for devices implanted into non-human primates as well. In sum, these results define new potential therapeutic targets and windows that could improve the longevity of implantable neural electrodes.
H160 Dynamics Development: Setting New Standards (2019)

In May 2015, Airbus Helicopters performed the first flight of H160 introducing its next generation of 6 ton helicopters. The dynamic behavior of the aircraft was set at a high priority from the beginning of this program. Comfort - including noise and vibrations- is for modern aircrafts not just a specification to which one seeks to comply with at the end of the development but a key driver of the design. The H160 development has been conducted in this manner and with the simple but challenging "guideline": setting new standards for vibrations at a minimum design cost. This paper reviews the challenges of this brand new helicopter development from the early design stage to the final in-flight assessment. With the successful flight testing of the pre-serial aircraft, the confirmed very low vibratory levels of H160 could be called to be as distinctive as its emblematic double swept Blue Edge™ blade.
Note: Ion source design for ion trap systems (2013)

A small plasma (glow discharge) based ion source and circuit are described in this work. The ion source works by producing a high voltage pulsed discharge between two electrodes in a pressure range of 50-100 mTorr. A third mesh electrode is used for ion extraction. The electrodes are small stainless steel screws mounted in a MACOR ionization chamber in a linear arrangement. The electrode arrangement is driven by a circuit, design for low power operation. This design is a proof of concept intended for applications on small cylindrical ion traps.
Mixed annihilation electrogenerated chemiluminescence of iridium(iii) complexes (2018)

Previously reported annihilation ECL of mixtures of metal complexes have generally comprised Ir(ppy)3 or a close analogue as a higher energy donor/emitter (green/blue light) and [Ru(bpy)3]2+ or its derivative as a lower energy acceptor/emitter (red light). In contrast, here we examine Ir(ppy)3 as the lower energy acceptor/emitter, by combining it with a second Ir(iii) complex: [Ir(df-ppy)2(ptb)]+ (where ptb = 1-benzyl-1,2,3-triazol-4-ylpyridine). The application of potentials sufficient to attain the first single-electron oxidation and reduction products can be exploited to detect Ir(ppy)3 at orders of magnitude lower concentration, or enhance its maximum emission intensity at high concentration far beyond that achievable through conventional annihilation ECL of Ir(ppy)3 involving comproportionation. Moreover, under certain conditions, the colour of the emission can be selected through the applied electrochemical potentials. We have also prepared a novel Ir(iii) complex with a sufficiently low reduction potential that the reaction between its reduced form and Ir(ppy)3+ cannot populate the excited state of either luminophore. This enabled, for the first time, the exclusive formation of either excited state through the application of higher cathodic or anodic potentials, but in both cases, the ECL was greatly diminished by parasitic dark reactions.
Modification of yeast plasma membrane density by concanavalin A attachment. Application to study of chitin synthetase distribution. (1985)

Yeast protoplasts were coated with different amounts of concanavalin A. Upon subsequent lysis and centrifugation in isopycnic density gradients, it was found that the buoyant density of plasma membranes was progressively increased from 1.125 to 1.21, according to the amount of bound concanavalin A. Enzymes that are attached to the plasma membrane showed the same density modifications and could thus be distinguished from constituents of intracellular membranes and organelles. With this methodology, it was confirmed that about two-thirds of yeast chitin synthetase is associated with the plasma membrane. The remainder of the enzyme was found in a peak at a lower density. Vanadate-sensitive ATPase showed a similar pattern, whereas GDP-mannose dolichyl-phosphate mannosyltransferase, an enzyme attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, remained in the same position in the gradients, irrespective of the amount of concanavalin A associated with the plasma membrane. Potential applications of this technique to the determination of plasma membrane markers and to the separation of subcellular organelles are discussed.
Mast cells contribute to double-stranded RNA-induced augmentation of airway eosinophilia in a murine model of asthma (2013)

We conclude that mast cells contribute to dsRNA-induced augmentation of allergic airway inflammation without requiring direct activation of mast cells with dsRNA or involvement of leukotriene B4 or prostaglandin D2.
Status of the "ARC", a Quad of High-Intensity Beam Lines at the National Ignition Facility (2006)

We present the status of plans to commission a short-pulse, quad of beams on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), capable of generating &gt; 10 kJ of energy in 10 ps. These beams will initially provide an advanced radiographic capability (ARC) to generate brilliant, x-ray back-lighters for diagnosing fuel density and symmetry during ignition experiments. A fiber, mode-locked oscillator generates the seed pulse for the ARC beam line in the NIF master oscillator room (MOR). The 200 fs, 1053 nm oscillator pulse is amplified and stretched in time using a chirped-fiber-Bragg grating. The stretched pulse is split to follow two separate beam paths through the chain. Each pulse goes to separate pulse tweakers where the dispersion can be adjusted to generate a range of pulse widths and delays at the compressor output. After further fiber amplification the two pulses are transported to the NIF preamplifier area and spatially combined using shaping masks to form a split-spatial-beam profile that fits in a single NIF aperture. This split beam propagates through a typical NIF chain where the energy is amplified to several kilojoules. A series of mirrors directs the amplified, split beam to a folded grating compressor that is located near the equator of the NIF target chamber. Figure 1 shows a layout of the beam transport and folded compressor, showing the split beam spatial profile. The folder compressor contains four pairs of large, multi-layer-dielectric gratings; each grating in a pair accepts half of the split beam. The compressed output pulse can be 0.7-50 ps in duration, depending on the setting of the pulse tweaker in the MOR. The compressor output is directed to target chamber center using four additional mirrors that include a 9 meter, off-axis parabola. The final optic, immediately following the parabola, is a pair of independently adjustable mirrors that can direct the pair of ARC beams to individual x-ray backlighter targets. The first mirror after the compressor leaks a small fraction of the light that is transported to a diagnostics station where detailed measurements of the spatial and temporal characteristics of the ARC pulse will be recorded for each shot. A NIF quad of short-pulse beams will support up to eight, independently-timed, short-pulse beams, capable of producing an x-ray motion picture. Alternatively, the combined aperture of the quad can direct &gt; 10 kJ of energy in 10 psec onto a single target, enabling research into fast ignition and high-energy-density science on the NIF. We will discuss modifications to the NIF to accommodate ARC, including features such as simultaneous NIF-ARC operation in the same NIF quad, protection against backward propagating pulses from the target and plans to coherently add split beams.
TH-AB-204-01: Cherenkov- Excited Luminescence Scanned Imaging (CELSI) for High-Resolution, Deep-Tissue, in Vivo Optical Molecular Imaging with Limited Radiation Dose (2015)

Purpose: A new imaging modality Cherenkov-excited luminescence scanned imaging (CELSI) is demonstrated illustrating that LINAC beams induce Cherenkov emission within tissue, and that in-turn can excite luminescence of optical probes. This is achieved in a highly spatially confined fashion thereby allowing scanned imaging of distributions of luminescent sources. Methods: A 5 mm thick line-excitation megavoltage X-ray beam (6 MV) was collimated and moved by the multi-leaf collimator (MLC) of a linear accelerator (LINAC), to scan in 3 orthogonal directions. The scan in this demonstration was through a rat abdomen for lymph node imaging. The node was injected with oxygen-sensitive phosphor (Oxyphor PtG4), having strong luminescence lifetime, which is sensitive to the local oxygen concentration. During the scanning, Cherenkov-excited luminescence was continuously integrated by an intensified charge-coupled device (ICCD) synchronized to radiation pulses, and the position of the total signal was back-projected to the position of the scanning beam. Results: The lymph node was accurately located in the axillary region by CELSI imaging. Through lifetime measurement of the luminescence signal from within the lymph node, the pO2 was found to be reporting the true oxygenation level. Phantom studies validated that an inclusion with size below 1 mm could be reconstructed through a layer of 20 mm thick tissue equivalent phantom material. Concentrations of PtG4 down to 100 nM were detectable and capillary tubes containing the probe with diameters down to 200 µm could be resolved by CELSI, at 5 mm depth in tissue equivalent phantoms. Conclusion: CELSI is reported here for the first time, as an innovative optical molecular imaging technique by utilizing the LINAC as an optical scanning and excitation device. Potential applications of CELSI include reconstructions of interested optical probes and recoveries of local physiological information with relatively high spatial resolution.
[P2.40]: A requirement for the forkhead protein foxp1 and hox proteins in the columnar organization of spinal motor neurons (2008)

Peer Reviewed
Paired Listen before Talk for Multi-RAT Coexistence in Unlicensed mmWave Bands (2018)

For a fair coexistence of multiple Radio Access Technologies (RATs) in unlicensed millimeter-wave (mmWave) bands, where directional transmissions/receptions are needed, two techniques are being considered for channel access: omnidirectional Listen-Before-Talk (omniLBT) and directional LBT (dirLBT). Under directional transmissions and receptions, omniLBT is overprotective and depresses spatial reuse, while dirLBT enables spatial reuse but may create hidden node problems. In this regard, this paper proposes a paired LBT (pairLBT) solution, which aims at taking the best of omniLBT and dirLBT. The key idea is to perform directional LBT in paired-directions: the direction of the receiver and the opposite direction(s), so that spatial reuse is permitted while hidden nodes are avoided, hence stimulating a fair multi-RAT coexistence. We derive analytic expressions to properly configure the beamwidth and the energy detection threshold of LBT in the opposite direction(s) in a way such that the impact of hidden node problems is minimized.
Reduced Complexity On-chip IQ-Imbalance Self-Calibration (2012)

The architectural simplicity of the direct-conversion scheme makes it an appealing architecture for low cost and low power transceivers. This architecture however demonstrates increased sensitivity to analog front-end impairments, such as gain and phase imbalance in the transceiver's in-phase and quadrature (IQ) paths. Especially when used in flexible software-defined radios, very fast, but low cost IQ-imbalance estimation and correction methods are required, to cope with the dynamically varying IQ imbalance due to environmental effect and frequency shifts. The main goal of this paper is to present an on-chip, off-line, extremely fast and low complexity self-calibration of IQ imbalance and carrier feed through for both the transmitter and receiver. Custom-designed training symbols allow to reduce the computational complexity, such that the calibration method can be performed at any user defined instance in negligible time. The reported complexity analysis shows that the whole calibration process takes up less than 4000 processor cycles, or 16us, when running on an OPENRISC 1200 core.
Laser vs. Blade Dicing for Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration (DBHi) Si Bridge (2021)

The recently introduced Direct Bonded Heterogeneous Integration (DBHi) Si bridge technology has chips connected by a bridge housed inside a cavity or trench that is precisely machined in the chip-carrier laminate. The size, thickness, and placement centrality of the bridge are critical parameters that are necessary to prevent interference with the laminate substrate trench. In this study, we compared laser and saw dicing processes for the DBHi bridge technology. Different laser dicing recipes are developed and optimized. The laser and saw dicing process are compared for dimensional tolerances, edge quality, and die strength of the bridge chips. The die strength is affected by the edge defects on the top and bottom surfaces adjacent to the edges and is measured using a three-point bend fixture in a Universal Testing Machine (UTM). The laser dicing process is improved to equalize the die strength at both the surfaces as well as to achieve equal or higher die strength than blade dicing specifically for the thinner wafer thicknesses.
Experimental Evidence for Water Mediated Electron Transfer Through Bis-Amino Acid Donor−Bridge−Acceptor Oligomers (2009)

This work compares the photoinduced unimolecular electron transfer rate constants for two different solute molecules (D-SSS-A and D-SRR-A) in water and DMSO solvents. The D-SSS-A solute has a cleft between the electron donor and acceptor units, which is able to contain a water molecule but is too small for DMSO. The rate constant for D-SSS-A in water is significantly higher than that for D-SRR-A, which lacks a cleft, and significantly higher for either solute in DMSO. The enhancement of the rate constant is explained by an electron tunneling pathway that involves water molecule(s).