gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activity of ceria and ceria-supported gold nanoparticles for the carbamoylation of aliphatic amines by dimethyl carbonate (2011)

Aliphatic amines react sluggishly with dimethyl carbonate (DMC) to give a mixture of N-methylation and carbamoylation. Nanoparticulated ceria as catalyst increases, in general, conversion and selectivity toward carbamoylation. This increase in catalytic activity and selectivity toward carbamoylation is even increased by deposition of Au nanoparticles on ceria. However, in contrast to aromatic amines for which a complete selectivity toward carbamoylation using ceria-supported Au nanoparticles can be achieved, the catalytic carbamoylation of aliphatic amines by ceria-supported Au nanoparticles occurs only with moderate selectivity.
Smart Hard Hat Applied in the Electric Power Industry (2017)

Safety concerns within the substation, such as fractures, burns and wasp stings caused in the field, are addressed with the proposed solution. Risks can be avoided through tracking and communication. This paper focuses on safety improvement and increasing work efficiency in the electric substations and an overview of the entire system and its functions are presented. The extension of the hard hat was designed on Tinkercad, the 3Dprinted ring can be placed on a typical hardhat. In sequel, the corresponding mobile application is created using the Xcode 8 program and Swift 3 programming language. Feedback from utilities workers is incorporated to modify the wireless technology. Overall, the S&S Tractus incorporates six features which allow workers to complete their tasks safer and more efficiently than ever before. It provides early warnings of potential safety issues, making interdepartmental phone calls, speech recognition for note taking, a global positioning system (GPS), photo taking and headlamp adjustments.
Recent Advances in Thermoplastic Puncture-Healing Polymers (2013)

The motivation for this work is to develop self-healing polymeric materials to enable damage tolerant systems, and to tailor puncture healing for use temperatures and applications. This will be a benefit in environments and conditions where access for manual repair is limited or impossible, or where damage may not be detected.
A 31 GHz 2-Stage Reconfigurable Balanced Power Amplifier with 32.6dB Power Gain, 25.5% PAEmax and 17.9dBm Psatin 28nm FD-SOI CMOS (2018)

In this paper, a 31GHz reconfigurable balanced 2-stage power amplifier (PA) integrated in 28nm FD-SOI CMOS technology is demonstrated aiming for SoC implementation. Fine grain wide range power gain control with more than 10dB tuning range is enabled by body biasing feature while the design improves VSWR robustness, stability and reverse isolation by using optimized 90° hybrid couplers and capacitive neutralization over both stages. Maximum power gain of 32.6dB, PAE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> of 25.5% and Psat of 17.9dBm are measured, while robustness to industrial temperature range and process spread is demonstrated. This PA exhibits a maximum ITRS figure of merit of 26,925 which is the highest reported around 30GHz to authors' knowledge.
Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Translocation in Wheat and Oats1 (1983)

We studied the translocation of barley yellow dwarf virus in two soft red winter wheats ( Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) and three spring oat ( Avena sativa L.) cultivars and lines. Plants grown under ample soil moisture or moisture stress were infected with a local field collection of barley yellow dwarf virus. Nonviruliferous (test) aphids were then attached to sampling sites on emerging and fully emerged leaves at various times after infection. Virus movement was similar for all cultivars in our test. Virus was transferred to test plants from each sample site in each cultivar. As the plants grew, virus could be detected in the leaves before they elongated fully. Less than 24 hours were required for translocation of the virus throughout the plant. Based on results of this study the systemic translocation of barley yellow dwarf virus is probably not a useful measure of host plant resistance or tolerance.
Li–Se battery: absence of lithium polyselenides in carbonate based electrolyte (2014)

The lithiation mechanism of the Li-Se cell in a carbonate-based electrolyte is discussed. It is found that Se is directly reduced to Li2Se in discharge without intermediate phases detected by in situ X-ray diffraction or X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The reason is that the redox products Se and Li2Se, as well as lithium polyselenides are insoluble in the electrolyte.
Inferring Loss-of-Heterozygosity from Unpaired Tumors Using High-Density Oligonucleotide SNP Arrays (2006)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of chromosomal regions bearing tumor suppressors is a key event in the evolution of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. Identification of these regions usually relies on genotyping tumor and counterpart normal DNA and noting regions where heterozygous alleles in the normal DNA become homozygous in the tumor. However, paired normal samples for tumors and cell lines are often not available. With the advent of oligonucleotide arrays that simultaneously assay thousands of single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers, genotyping can now be done at high enough resolution to allow identification of LOH events by the absence of heterozygous loci, without comparison to normal controls. Here we describe a hidden Markov model-based method to identify LOH from unpaired tumor samples, taking into account SNP intermarker distances, SNP-specific heterozygosity rates, and the haplotype structure of the human genome. When we applied the method to data genotyped on 100 K arrays, we correctly identified 99% of SNP markers as either retention or loss. We also correctly identified 81% of the regions of LOH, including 98% of regions greater than 3 megabases. By integrating copy number analysis into the method, we were able to distinguish LOH from allelic imbalance. Application of this method to data from a set of prostate samples without paired normals identified known regions of prevalent LOH. We have developed a method for analyzing high-density oligonucleotide SNP array data to accurately identify of regions of LOH and retention in tumors without the need for paired normal samples.
Targeting the non-canonical roles of PCNA modifies and increases the response to targeted anti-cancer therapy (2019)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), such as HER2 and/or EGFR are important therapeutic targets in multiple cancer cells. Low and/or short response to targeted therapies are often due to activation of compensatory signaling pathways, and therefore a combination of kinase inhibitors with other anti-cancer therapies have been proposed as promising strategies. PCNA is recently shown to have non-canonical cytosolic roles, and targeting PCNA with a cell-penetrating peptide containing the PCNA-interacting motif APIM is shown to mediate changes in central signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt and MAPK, acting downstream of multiple RTKs. In this study, we show how targeting PCNA increased the anti-cancer activity of EGFR/HER2/VEGFR inhibition <i>in vitro</i> as well as <i>in vivo.</i> The combination treatment resulted in reduced tumor load and increased the survival compared to either single agent treatments. The combination treatment affected multiple cellular signaling responses not seen by EGFR/HER2/VEGFR inhibition alone, and changes were seen in pathways determining protein degradation, ER-stress, apoptosis and autophagy. Our results suggest that targeting the non-canonical roles of PCNA in cellular signaling have the potential to improve targeted therapies.
Maintaining radiochemical purity of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-PSMA-617 for PRRT by reducing radiolysis (2019)

[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-PSMA-617 for PRRT is subject to radiolysis and therefore loses receptor affinity. This will be detrimental for treatment efficacy. In this study optimal quencher(s) (combinations) are determined to maintain radiochemical purity with a downscaled model. Downscaled model in terms of activity, but at similar concentrations. DOTA-PSMA-617 was labeled with [177Lu]LuCl3 with different molar- and volume activities. Either methionine, ethanol or both showed superior effects on the stabilizing radiochemical purity of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-PSMA-617. As a consequence, radiochemical purity of [177Lu]Lu-DOTA-PSMA-617 could be maintained by the addition of methionine and/or ethanol and downscaled model was proven and complementary.
ZnO Nanorods as an Intracellular Sensor for pH Measurements (2009)

High-density ZnO nanorods of 60-80 nm in diameter and 500-700 nm in length grown on the silver-coated tip of a borosilicate glass capillary (0.7 mum in diameter) demonstrate a remarkable linear response to proton H(3)O(+) concentrations in solution. These nanorods were used to create a highly sensitive pH sensor for monitoring in vivo biological process within single cells. The ZnO nanorods exhibit a pH-dependent electrochemical potential difference versus an Ag/AgCl microelectrode. The potential difference was linear over a large dynamic range (pH, 4-11) and had a sensitivity equal to 51.88 mV/pH at 22 degrees C, which could be understood in terms of changes in surface charge during protonation and deprotonation. Vertically grown nanoelectrodes of this type can be smoothly and gently applied to penetrate a single living cell without causing cell apoptosis.
Supplementary Methods and Tables from Loss of NAPRT1 Expression by Tumor-Specific Promoter Methylation Provides a Novel Predictive Biomarker for NAMPT Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file 141K, Supplementary methods for NAD quantification and the QMSP assay. Table S1 GNE-617 IC50 and mRNA Levels of NAMPT and NAPRT1, Table S2 Cell Lines Not Rescued with 10uM NA, Table S3 Cell Lines with Low NAPRT1 Expression&lt;/p&gt;
Significant grey matter changes in a region of the orbitofrontal cortex in healthy participants predicts emotional dysregulation (2015)

The traditional concept of 'categorical' psychiatric disorders has been challenged as many of the symptoms display a continuous distribution in the general population. We suggest that this is the case for emotional dysregulation, a key component in several categorical psychiatric disorder constructs. We used voxel-based magnetic resonance imaging morphometry in healthy human subjects (n = 87) to study how self-reported subclinical symptoms associated with emotional dysregulation relate to brain regions assumed to be critical for emotion regulation. To measure a pure emotional dysregulation, we also corrected for subclinical symptoms of non-emotional attentional dysregulation. We show that such subclinical emotional symptoms correlate negatively with the grey matter volume of lateral orbitofrontal cortex bilaterally-a region assumed to be critical for emotion regulation and dysfunctional in psychiatric disorders involving emotional dysregulation. Importantly, this effect is mediated both by a decrease in volume associated with emotional dysregulation and an increase in volume due to non-emotional attentional dysregulation. Exploratory analysis suggests that other regions involved in emotional processing such as insula and ventral striatum also show a similar reduction in grey matter volume mirroring clinical disorders associated with emotional dysregulation. Our findings support the concept of continuous properties in psychiatric symptomatology.
Using the common-sense model to predict risk perception and disease-related worry in individuals at increased risk for venous thrombosis. (2007)

Further research should refine the IPQ-R for populations at risk of a disease and examine the value of the CSM in explaining the relationship between risk perception, worry, and health behavior.
The Elastin Receptor Shows Structural and Functional Similarities to the 67-kDa Tumor cell Laminin Receptor (1989)

Laminin- and elastin-binding proteins were isolated by ligand affinity chromatography from plasma membranes of fetal bovine auricular chondroblasts and human A2058 melanoma cells. From both cell types, a 67-kDa protein was identified which bound to either elastin or laminin affinity resins. Structural and functional similarities between the elastin and laminin-binding proteins were suggested by 1) cross-reactivity between antibodies directed against the two proteins; 2) elution of the laminin receptor from laminin columns with soluble elastin peptides; and 3) modulation of substrate binding by galactoside sugars. In addition, extraction properties indicate that both receptors are peripheral membrane proteins whose association with the cell surface is mediated by their lectin properties. Mapping of the binding site on laminin suggests that the 67-kDa chondroblast receptor interacts with a hydrophobic elastin-like sequence in domain V of the B1 chain, and chemotaxis studies indicate that cell migration to elastin peptides and laminin involves the same receptor.
Supplementary Materials and Methods from Cobomarsen, an Oligonucleotide Inhibitor of miR-155, Slows DLBCL Tumor Cell Growth <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Materials and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Enabling Robust Copper Fill of High Aspect Ratio Through Silicon Vias (2010)

Today's Through Silicon Via (TSV) processes are limited to aspect ratios of 10:1. High performance logic devices drive the need for aspect ratios approaching 20:1 in order to achieve the desired performance while simultaneously reducing costs. The reduced via area required on the wafer enables the designer to utilize less real estate on the die to reduce cost or to potentially add redundant vias to improve yield. However, current conventional processes and techniques are not capable of achieving robust fill on aspect ratios greater than 12:1. This presentation will highlight the technical challenges in achieving robust copper fill on super high aspect ratio TSV structures. Additionally, a compelling, economic solution pathway will be presented that integrates a low temperature conformal high quality dielectric isolation layer, a high step coverage Cu barrier / seed technology and a void free high speed electroplating process with a wide process window that could accelerate the adoption of the high aspect ratio TSV design schemes.
Motion from fixation (1996)

We study the problem of estimating rigid motion from a sequence of monocular perspective images obtained by navigating around an object while fixating a particular feature point. We cast the problem in the framework of "epipolar geometry", and propose a filter based upon implicit dynamical model for recursively estimating motion under the fixation constraint. This allows us to compare the quality of the estimates directly against the ones obtained assuming a general rigid motion simply by changing the geometry of the parameter space, while maintaining the same structure of the recursive estimator. We also present a closed-form static solution from two views, and a recursive estimator of the relative pose between the viewer and the scene.
Lattice quantum codes and exotic topological phases of matter (2013)

This thesis addresses whether it is possible to build a robust memory device for quantum information. A three-dimensional gapped lattice spin model is found which demonstrates for the first time that a reliable quantum memory at finite temperature is possible, at least to some extent. When quantum information is encoded into a highly entangled ground state of this model and subjected to thermal errors, the errors remain easily correctable for a long time without any active intervention, because a macroscopic energy barrier keeps the errors well localized. As a result, stored quantum information can be retrieved faithfully for a memory time which grows exponentially with the square of the inverse temperature. In contrast, for previously known types of topological quantum storage in three or fewer spatial dimensions the memory time scales exponentially with the inverse temperature, rather than its square. This spin model exhibits a previously unexpected topological quantum order, in which ground states are locally indistinguishable, pointlike excitations are immobile, and the immobility is not affected by small perturbations of the Hamiltonian. The degeneracy of the ground state, though also insensitive to perturbations, is a complicated number-theoretic function of the system size, and the system bifurcates into multiple noninteracting copies of itself under real-space renormalization group transformations. The degeneracy, the excitations, and the renormalization group flow can be analyzed using a framework that exploits the spin model's symmetry and some associated free resolutions of modules over polynomial algebras.
The ability of quaternary ammonium groups attached to a urethane bandage to inhibit bacterial attachment and biofilm formation in a mouse wound model (2015)

For proper wound healing, control of bacteria or bacterial infections is of major importance. While caring for a wound, dressing material plays a key role as bacteria can live in the bandage and keep re-infecting the wound. They do this by forming biofilms in the bandage, which slough off planktonic bacteria and overwhelm the host defense. It is thus necessary to develop a wound dressing that will inhibit bacterial growth. This study examines the effectiveness of a polyurethane foam wound dressing bound with polydiallyl-dimethylammonium chloride (pDADMAC) to inhibit the growth of bacteria in a wound on the back of a mouse. This technology does not allow pDADMAC to leach away from the dressing into the wound, thereby preventing cytotoxic effects. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii were chosen for the study to infect the wounds. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are important pathogens in wound infections, while A. baumannii was selected because of its ability to acquire or upregulate antibiotic drug resistance determinants. In addition, two different isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) were tested. All the bacteria were measured in the wound dressing and in the wound tissue under the dressing. Using colony-forming unit (CFU) assays, over six logs of inhibition (100%) were found for all the bacterial strains using pDADMAC-treated wound dressing when compared with control-untreated dressing. The CFU assay results obtained with the tissues were significant as there were 4-5 logs of reduction (100%) of the test organism in the tissue of the pDADMAC-covered wound versus that of the control dressing-covered wound. As the pDADMAC cannot leave the dressing (like other antimicrobials), this would imply that the dressing acts as a reservoir for free bacteria from a biofilm and plays a significant role in the development of a wound infection.
Learning Visual Behavior for Gesture Analysis (Master's Thesis) (1995)

Techniques for computing a representation of human gesture from a number of example image sequences are presented. We define gesture to be the class of human motions that are intended to communicate, and visual behavior as the sequence of visual events that make a complete gesture. Two main techniques are discussed: the first computes a representation that summarizes configuration space trajectories for use in gesture recognition. A prototype is derived from a set of training gestures; the prototype is then used to define the gesture as a sequence of states. The states capture both the repeatability and variability evidenced in a training set of example trajectories. The technique is illustrated with a wide range of gesture-related sensory data. The second technique incorporates multiple models into the Hidden Markov Model framework, so that models representing instantaneous visual input are trained concurrently with the temporal model. We exploit two constraints allowing application of the technique to view-based gesture recognition: gestures are modal in the space of possible human motion, and gestures are viewpoint-dependent. The recovery of the visual behavior of a number of simple gestures with a small number of low resolution example image sequences is shown. We consider a number of applications of the techniques and present work currently in progress to incorporate the training of multiple gestures concurrently for a higher level of gesture understanding. A number of directions of future work are presented, including more sophisticated methods of selecting and combining models appropriate for the gesture. Lastly, a comparison of the two techniques is presented. We consider a number of applications of the techniques and present work currently in progress to incorporate the training of multiple gestures concurrently for a higher level of gesture understanding. A number of directions of future work are presented, including more sophisticated methods of selecting and combining models appropriate for the gesture. Lastly, a comparison of the two techniques is presented.
An Impedance-Transduced Chemiresistor with a Porous Carbon Channel for Rapid, Nonenzymatic, Glucose Sensing (2018)

A new type of chemiresistor, the impedance-transduced chemiresistor (ITCR), is described for the rapid analysis of glucose. The ITCR exploits porous, high surface area, fluorine-doped carbon nanofibers prepared by electrospinning of fluorinated polymer nanofibers followed by pyrolysis. These nanofibers are functionalized with a boronic acid receptor and stabilized by Nafion to form the ITCR channel for glucose detection. The recognition and binding of glucose by the ITCR is detected by measuring its electrical impedance at a single frequency. The analysis frequency is selected by measuring the signal-to-noise ( S/ N) for glucose detection across 5 orders of magnitude, evaluating both the imaginary and real components of the complex impedance. On the basis of this analysis, an optimal frequency of 13 kHz is selected for glucose detection, yielding an S/ N ratio of 60-100 for [glucose] = 5 mM using the change in the total impedance, Δ Z. The resulting ITCR glucose sensor shows a rapid analysis time (<8 s), low coefficient of variation for a series of sensors (<10%), an analysis range of 50 μM to 5 mM, and excellent specificity versus fructose, ascorbic acid, and uric acid. These metrics for the ITCR are obtained using a sample size as small as 5 μL.
Residue Testing of Developer-Soluble Bottom Anti-Reflective Coatings (2009)

Organic developer-soluble bottom anti-reflective coatings (DBARCs) are commonly used in the photolithographic process for implant and high-k/metal gate integration. They provide added reflectivity control over topography compared top anti-reflective coatings (TARCs). DBARCs are coated onto substrates and then removed during the develop step with the resist. Occasionally a thin post-develop residue (PDR) remains after the DBARC removal process. The main drivers of this residue are DBARC bake temperature, followed by develop time. For this investigation the amount of residue was tested using Si, SiO2, native SiO2, SiN, and HfO2 substrates at different bake temperatures. In addition, contact and proximity baking are compared and shown to be equivalent in terms of their effect on PDR. This work demonstrates that optimizing the bake process of a DBARC is an effective way to control PDR on a variety of substrates.
Fabrication by electrodeposition: building 3D structures and polymer actuators (2002)

Electrochemical deposition has traditionally been employed to grow metal coatings (plating) and to fill molds (electroforming). However, by localizing electric field or inducing local convection on a conducting substrate it is possible to write patterns without employing masks or molds. Here we present techniques capable of depositing high aspect ratio, truly 3D structures such as columns and helical springs. Conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polyacetylene, and polypyrrole are routinely employed to fabricate batteries, capacitors, colour displays, and transistors. Here we demonstrate the electrodeposition of polypyrrole films to form bilayer actuators.