gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple password interference in text passwords and click-based graphical passwords (2009)

The underlying issues relating to the usability and security of multiple passwords are largely unexplored. However, we know that people generally have difficulty remembering multiple passwords. This reduces security since users reuse the same password for different systems or reveal other passwords as they try to log in. We report on a laboratory study comparing recall of multiple text passwords with recall of multiple click-based graphical passwords. In a one-hour session (short-term), we found that participants in the graphical password condition coped significantly better than those in the text password condition. In particular, they made fewer errors when recalling their passwords, did not resort to creating passwords directly related to account names, and did not use similar passwords across multiple accounts. After two weeks, participants in the two conditions had recall success rates that were not statistically different from each other, but those with text passwords made more recall errors than participants with graphical passwords. In our study, click-based graphical passwords were significantly less susceptible to multiple password interference in the short-term, while having comparable usability to text passwords in most other respects.
Genome Sequencing and Analysis of Yersina pestis KIM D27, an Avirulent Strain Exempt from Select Agent Regulation (2011)

Yersinia pestis is the causative agent of the plague. Y. pestis KIM 10+ strain was passaged and selected for loss of the 102 kb pgm locus, resulting in an attenuated strain, KIM D27. In this study, whole genome sequencing was performed on KIM D27 in order to identify any additional differences. Initial assemblies of 454 data were highly fragmented, and various bioinformatic tools detected between 15 and 465 SNPs and INDELs when comparing both strains, the vast majority associated with A or T homopolymer sequences. Consequently, Illumina sequencing was performed to improve the quality of the assembly. Hybrid sequence assemblies were performed and a total of 56 validated SNP/INDELs and 5 repeat differences were identified in the D27 strain relative to published KIM 10+ sequence. However, further analysis showed that 55 of these SNP/INDELs and 3 repeats were errors in the KIM 10+ reference sequence. We conclude that both 454 and Illumina sequencing were required to obtain the most accurate and rapid sequence results for Y. pestis KIMD27. SNP and INDELS calls were most accurate when both Newbler and CLC Genomics Workbench were employed. For purposes of obtaining high quality genome sequence differences between strains, any identified differences should be verified in both the new and reference genomes.
Parallel Path Magnetic Technology for High Efficiency Power Generators and Motor Drives (2006)

Parallel Path Magnetic Technology (PPMT) is an advanced magnetic force control technology that is applicable to motors, rotary actuators, linear actuators, and generators. PPMT uses permanent magnets controlled with a field coil in parallel magnetic circuits. PPMT is a simple but revolutionary concept that has been demonstrated in a wide variety of prototype devices. PPMT devices allow the control of a given amount of magnetic flux for less energy input compared to a conventional device. PPMT devices are smaller, lighter, run cooler, and are more energy efficient than their conventional counterparts.
The high molecular weight glutenin subunit Bx7 allergen from wheat contains repetitive IgE epitopes (2014)

Our results demonstrate that IgE antibodies from wheat food allergic patients can recognize repetitive epitopes in one of the important wheat food allergens. Recombinant HMW Bx7 may be included into the panel of allergens for component-resolved diagnosis of wheat food allergy.
Depth profile and line‐edge roughness of partially O‐1‐ethoxyethylated low molecular weight amorphous polyphenol and poly(p‐hydroxystyrene) base resists for electron‐beam lithography (2006)

Abstract The line‐edge roughness (LER) of the chemically amplified positive‐tone electron‐beam (EB) resist based on low molecular weight polyphenol, partially O ‐1‐ethoxyethylated 4,4′‐methylenebis [2‐[di(2‐methyl‐4‐hydroxy‐5‐cyclohexylphenyl)]methyl]phenol (3M6C‐MBSA‐EE), and poly( p ‐hydroxystyrene) (PHS‐EE) as reference were compared. Phenol groups of these materials were partially protected by 1‐ethoxyethyl (EE) groups to control the dissolution rate for an aqueous alkaline developer. In order to confirm the film homogeneity, the film depth profiles by time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectometry (TOS‐SIMS) measurement were investigated. From these results, the films of 3M6C‐MBSA‐EE and PHS‐EE base resist showed relatively flat depth profiles for species originating from the resist components and were suggested to be homogeneous. For the LER analysis aspect, the LER values estimated by using the Fourier amplitude spectra were 5.1 and 7.4 nm for 3M6C‐MBSA‐EE and PHS‐EE base resist, respectively. The former resist also represented the suppressed amplitude A(f) value of the Fourier amplitude spectra in the lower frequency region below 10 µm −1 . 3M6C‐MBSA‐EE with suppressed polydispersity and dissolution rate distribution would be a hopeful material to control the LER. Also, it was confirmed that the formulation‐modified resist with 3M6C‐MBSA‐EE showed the lower LER value and remarkably depressed A(f) value than the high‐resolution EB resist which was formulated with p ‐hydroxystyrene and acrylate derivative copolymer. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
MIMO HetNets with wireless backhaul: An energy-efficient design (2016)

Dense and heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are being deployed to provide better coverage and throughput, thus improving the quality of experience at mobile users. Besides the important implications for energy consumption, the trend towards densification calls for more and more wireless links to forward a massive backhaul traffic into the core network. It is critically important to take into account the presence of a wireless backhaul for the energy-efficient design of HetNets. In this paper, we provide a general framework to analyze the energy efficiency of a two-tier MIMO heterogeneous network with wireless backhaul under spatial multiplexing and dynamic time division duplex. We find that a two-tier HetNet with wireless backhaul can be significantly more energy efficient than a one-tier cellular network. However, this requires the backhaul bandwidth to be carefully allocated according to the network load conditions.
In vitro study of lymphotropic and immunomodulatory properties of the peste des petits ruminants virus (pprv) (2014)

The Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease which affects sheep and goats and even the wild ruminants. About a billion small ruminants are found in the PPR enzootic areas. Morbilliviruses are primarily lymphotropic and secondarily epitheliotropic. Viral infection and interaction of viral proteins with lymphatic tissues are partly responsible for immune suppression. Transient immunosuppression is also observed after vaccination with attenuated vaccines. Viral isolation is traditionally done on Vero but newer recombinant cell lines are also used. In this work, sensitivity of three cell lines i.e. SLAM-ve-Vero, Vero.DogSLAMtag and B95a having Marmoset SLAM have been compared for PPRV titration. Moreover, infectivity of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with PPR virus (PPRV) has been tested. Finally, live PPRV, recombinant nucleoprotein of PPR Virus (NPPRV) and truncated [delta] 420-525 NPPRV have been used to demonstrate in vitro inhibition of PHA stimulated lymphoproliferation of PBMCs of naïve goats. The presence of canine SLAM (Signaling lymphocyte activation molecule) receptor but not the marmoset SLAM, enhances infectivity of cell lines by up to 0.8 log10. At multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 0.1, 83.6 percent of PBMCs can be infected with PPRV. PPRV could completely inhibit lymphoproliferation at MOI of 0.75 while NPPRV and [delta] 420-525 NPPRV could suppress lymphoproliferation by 7.4 % and 17.6 %, respectively. PPRV is lymphotropic as PPRV (Nigeria 75/1) is capable of infecting mitogen activated PBMCs and that presence of canine SLAM in Vero cell line greatly enhances infectivity of PPRV as compared to SLAM negative Vero. Vero.DogSLAMtag is more sensitive cell line for PPRV titration and PPRV isolation. PPRV (Nigeria 75/1) and recombinant N-proteins induce in vitro inhibition of cell proliferation of mitogen stimulated PBMCs of naive goats. Using deleted mutant of NPPRV expressed in baculovirus system, amino acid sequence of NPPRV between 1-420 was found responsible for inducing immune suppression.
Predictive Uncertainty Estimation via Prior Networks (2018)

Estimating how uncertain an AI system is in its predictions is important to improve the safety of such systems. Uncertainty in predictive can result from uncertainty in model parameters, irreducible data uncertainty and uncertainty due to distributional mismatch between the test and training data distributions. Different actions might be taken depending on the source of the uncertainty so it is important to be able to distinguish between them. Recently, baseline tasks and metrics have been defined and several practical methods to estimate uncertainty developed. These methods, however, attempt to model uncertainty due to distributional mismatch either implicitly through model uncertainty or as data uncertainty. This work proposes a new framework for modeling predictive uncertainty called Prior Networks (PNs) which explicitly models distributional uncertainty. PNs do this by parameterizing a prior distribution over predictive distributions. This work focuses on uncertainty for classification and evaluates PNs on the tasks of identifying out-of-distribution (OOD) samples and detecting misclassification on the MNIST dataset, where they are found to outperform previous methods. Experiments on synthetic and MNIST and CIFAR-10 data show that unlike previous non-Bayesian methods PNs are able to distinguish between data and distributional uncertainty.
The role of dopamine receptors in lymphocytes and their changes in schizophrenia (2021)

Dopamine and its 5 receptors, which are grouped into two families (D1-like and D2-like), modulate functions at a systemic level in both the central nervous system and periphery. The central nervous system and the immune system are the main adaptive systems, which participate in a continuous and functional crosstalk to guarantee homeostasis. On binding to its 5 dopamine receptors, dopamine acts as a co-regulator of the immune system, contributing to the interaction of the central nervous system and inflammatory events and as a source of communication between the different immune cells. Dopaminergic perturbations in the central nervous system are observed in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is one of the most common mental disorders with a poorly understood pathoaetiology that includes genetic and environmental components that promote alterations in the dopaminergic system. Interestingly, abnormalities in dopamine receptors expression in lymphocytes of schizophrenia patients have been reported, often significantly correlating with the severity of the psychotic illness. Here, we review the current literature regarding the dopaminergic system in human lymphocytes and its alterations in schizophrenia.
ChemInform Abstract: Lanthanum Complexes of Spheroidal Carbon Shells. (1986)

Abstract Stable CöoLa and a variety of less symmetrical CnLa (n is an even number in the range 44 to more than 76) are formed by laser vaporization of graphite impregnated with La in a supersonic nozzle.
Optimizing pipelines for power and performance (2003)

During the concept phase and definition of next generation high-end processors, power and performance will need to be weighted appropriately to deliver competitive cost/performance. It is not enough to adopt a CPI-centric view alone in early-stage definition studies. One of the fundamental issues confronting the architect at this stage is the choice of pipeline depth and target frequency. In this paper we present an optimization methodology that starts with an analytical power-performance model to derive optimal pipeline depth for a superscalar processor. The results are validated and further refined using detailed simulation based analysis. As part of the power-modeling methodology, we have developed equations that model the variation of energy as a function of pipeline depth. Our results using a set of SPEC2000 applications show that when both power and performance are considered for optimization, the optimal clock period is around 18 FO4. We also provide a detailed sensitivity analysis of the optimal pipeline depth against key assumptions of these energy models.
Infective endocarditis in children: native valve preservation is frequently possible despite advanced clinical disease (2008)

Children undergoing surgery for infective endocarditis frequently have advanced disease with embolic complications and double valve involvement. However, preservation of the native valve is frequently possible. Need for valve replacement is suggested by leaflet thickening and embolization. Despite the advanced pathology, survival and functional outcomes are favorable.
Quantitative, high-resolution CpG methylation assays on the pyrosequencingplatform (2012)

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On predictive models and user-drawn graphical passwords (2008)

In commonplace text-based password schemes, users typically choose passwords that are easy to recall, exhibit patterns, and are thus vulnerable to brute-force dictionary attacks. This leads us to ask whether other types of passwords (e.g., graphical) are also vulnerable to dictionary attack because of users tending to choose memorable passwords. We suggest a method to predict and model a number of such classes for systems where passwords are created solely from a user's memory. We hypothesize that these classes define weak password subspaces suitable for an attack dictionary. For user-drawn graphical passwords, we apply this method with cognitive studies on visual recall. These cognitive studies motivate us to define a set of password complexity factors (e.g., reflective symmetry and stroke count), which define a set of classes. To better understand the size of these classes and, thus, how weak the password subspaces they define might be, we use the “Draw-A-Secret” (DAS) graphical password scheme of Jermyn et al. [1999] as an example. We analyze the size of these classes for DAS under convenient parameter choices and show that they can be combined to define apparently popular subspaces that have bit sizes ranging from 31 to 41—a surprisingly small proportion of the full password space (58 bits). Our results quantitatively support suggestions that user-drawn graphical password systems employ measures, such as graphical password rules or guidelines and proactive password checking.
Useful Model Systems for the Study of SRN1 Chemistry in the Synthesis of Poly(arylene ether ketone)s (1996)

Factors contributing to the occurrence of the SRN1 reaction during the synthesis of poly(arylene ether ketone)s are studied using a variety of analytical techniques. Product analysis of polymerization reactions and magnetic resonance studies on photochemical model systems were performed. The polymerization of 4,4‘-dichlorobenzophenone with 4,4‘-isopropylidenediphenol under basic conditions was run in four amide solvents: 1,3-dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2(1H)-pyrimidinone (DMPU), 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea (TMU) and N,N ‘-dimethylacetamide (DMAc). Molecular weights of the products followed the order Mn(DMAc) > Mn(NMP) > Mn(TMU) > Mn(DMPU). Simulations of time-resolved electron paramagnetic resonance (TREPR) spectra were used to identify the radicals produced by photoinduced hydrogen atom abstraction in each of the four solvents. Transient optical absorption was used to quantify the yield of radicals produced by reaction of triplet benzophenone-d10 with each solvent. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry of the resulting oligomers showed evidence for hydrogen-terminated chain ends. Solvated electrons were observed from the photoionization of phenolates using TREPR. The relevance of this to single electron transfer events in these solvents, or with certain aryl halide monomers for polymer synthesis, is discussed.
Characterization of blue-green m-plane InGaN light emitting diodes (2009)

High indium content blue-green (460–520 nm) m-plane InGaN light emitting diodes (LEDs) were grown on low defect-density m-plane GaN substrates. Systematic studies were performed on packaged blue-green LED lamps by using a range of well and barrier thicknesses. Photoluminance and electroluminance peak wavelengths increased while the well width was increased from 2 to 4 nm. The highest output power was achieved for well width of 2.5 nm. The output power improved significantly with the increase in barrier thickness. Nearly blueshift-free emission was observed in all LEDs from 1–400 A/cm2 current density under pulsed operation.
InAs/InGaAs quantum dot Mach-Zehnder modulator at 1.55 &#x03BC;m (2006)

In this paper, we have fabricated EO modulators using InAs/lnGaAs columnar QDs, and measured the modulation characteristics. The switching voltage is about 6.1 V and the modulation efficiencies of QD EO modulators are higher than those of bulk modulators at 1.55 /spl mu/m.
Quantification and Compensation of Nonspecific Analyte Aggregation in Electrospray Sampling (2011)

Electrospray (ES) sources are commonly used to introduce nonvolatile materials (e.g., nanoparticles, proteins, etc.) to the gas phase for characterization by mass spectrometry or ion mobility. Recent studies in our group using ES ion mobility to characterize protein aggregation in solution have raised the question as to whether the ES itself induces aggregation and thus corrupts the results. In this article, we develop a statistical model to determine the extent to which the ES process induces the formation of dimers and higher-order aggregates. The model is validated through ES differential mobility experiments using gold nanoparticles. The results show that the extent of droplet-induced aggregation is quite severe and previously reported cutoff criterion is inadequate. We use the model in conjunction with experiment to show the true dimer concentration in a protein solution as a function of concentration. The model is extendable to any ES source analytical system and to higher aggregation states. For users only interested in implementation of the theory, we provide a section that summarizes the relevant formulas.
375 Circulating Progenitor Cell Dynamics Following Burn Injury (2018)

Following burn injury, distant stem and progenitor cells are thought to be mobilized, guided by growth factor and cytokine signaling, and participate in the wound healing process. However, circulating progenitor cells (CPCs) have been poorly defined, and their appearance has been linked loosely to wound repair. Their direct participation has not been shown with solid evidence in vivo, partly due to technical difficulties associated with analyzing rare progenitor cells. New approaches to identify, enumerate, and characterize CPCs are required to help decipher their contribution to physiological processes of wound healing and test their use in novel therapies. To be able to quantify and characterize CPCs, we established a panel of 33 metal-conjugated antibodies that consists of mesenchymal and endothelial progenitor cell markers and cytokines known to regulate response to stress. We used non-hematopoietic compartment of mouse bone marrow as model tissue rich in stem and progenitor cells of mesenchymal and endothelial lineage, and is a critical stress sensor. We used mass cytometry to resolve protein levels at single cell resolution in mouse bone marrow using freshly isolated non-hematopoietic cells from long bones and pelvis. By k-means clustering, we obtained multidimensional phenotypic signature of bone marrow-resident progenitor cells and their cytokine profiles. We then used a mouse scald model with 20% total body surface area to analyze bone marrow resident and circulating progenitor cells’ response to burn injury after days one to fourteen. We found specific populations of bone marrow-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) significantly decreased following burn injury whereas others have increased. These changes were observed as soon as day one after injury and were sustained or further increased up to 7 days after burn injury. Interestingly in blood, we observed a large increase in MSC subtype that decreased significantly in bone marrow. Additionally, we tested plastic adherence as well as colony formation, and observed that rare cells in circulation were able to go through these processes, suggesting mesenchymal character. Circulating progenitor cells are increased in frequency after burn injury. Patient peripheral blood samples could be used to isolate, characterize and culture mesenchymal progenitor cells for therapy and as markers.
Temperature-, gate-, and photoinduced conductance of close-packedCdTenanocrystal films (2006)

We measure the conductance of close-packed films of $\mathrm{CdTe}$ nanocrystals in field-effect structures in the dark and in the presence of light. We find that the majority carriers are holes, that they are injected from gold electrodes into the $\mathrm{CdTe}$ nanocrystal films, and that the hole density can be modulated with gate voltage. Secondary photocurrents have a photoconductive gain of $\ensuremath{\sim}10$ at ${10}^{6}\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{V}∕\mathrm{cm}$ showing that the hole mobility is higher than the electron mobility. A single phenomenological description of the field dependence of the hole mobility can explain the dependence of current on source-drain voltage for both dark and light currents.
Antigen-Specific Immune Response in the Inner Ear (1989)

The specificity of inner ear immune responses was investigated by challenging each inner ear of presensitized animals with different antigens. Animals presensitized systemically with keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were challenged with KLH in the right and BSA in the left inner ears. Two weeks later perilymph anti-KLH levels were increased significantly in the right inner ears compared to the levels in the left inner ears. In contrast, perilymph anti-BSA levels were increased significantly in the left inner ears compared to the levels in the right inner ears. These results suggested that the rise in perilymph antibody following inner ear antigen challenge was predominantly the result of an antigen-specific immune response in the inner ear and not simply the result of an increase in vascular permeability of serum contamination from the experimental procedure itself.