gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy as an atomic-resolution dopant profiling method in Si (2008)

The ability of scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS) as a dopant profiling method in Si is demonstrated. We have developed two different methods. One is a simultaneous measurement of potential and dopant atom distributions by conventional STM/STS. Actually acceptor and donor atoms were distinctly detected and the local potential variation was observed at p-n junctions on atomically-flat hydrogenated Si(111) substrates. The comparison between the measured dopant atom and potential distributions at a p-n junction revealed that the potential profile was significantly affected by the fluctuation of dopant atom distributions. The other is a quantitative measurement of carrier distributions by resonance electron tunneling (RET) spectroscopy. The RET peak energy of C60 molecules placed on oxidized Si(001) surfaces was measure by STS and the resulting value systematically varied depending on the doping level of the substrates, enabling us to measure carrier density profiles across p-n junctions.
Quantification of the Intracellular Life Time of Water Molecules to Measure Transport Rates of Human Aquaglyceroporins (2017)

Orthodox aquaporins are transmembrane channel proteins that facilitate rapid diffusion of water, while aquaglyceroporins facilitate the diffusion of small uncharged molecules such as glycerol and arsenic trioxide. Aquaglyceroporins play important roles in human physiology, in particular for glycerol metabolism and arsenic detoxification. We have developed a unique system applying the strain of the yeast Pichia pastoris, where the endogenous aquaporins/aquaglyceroporins have been removed and human aquaglyceroporins AQP3, AQP7, and AQP9 are recombinantly expressed enabling comparative permeability measurements between the expressed proteins. Using a newly established Nuclear Magnetic Resonance approach based on measurement of the intracellular life time of water, we propose that human aquaglyceroporins are poor facilitators of water and that the water transport efficiency is similar to that of passive diffusion across native cell membranes. This is distinctly different from glycerol and arsenic trioxide, where high glycerol transport efficiency was recorded.
Platelet Compatibility of an Artificial Surface Modified with Functionally Active Heparin (1999)

Platelet compatibility after coating an artificial material with functionally active heparin was investigated. Blood was circulated in uncoated or heparin coated PVC tubing. In one hour platelet counts decreased from 155 (113-184)x10(9)/l to 124 (100-148)x10(9)/l with uncoated compared to 164 (132-192)x10(9)/l with heparin coated tubing (intergroup p = 0.02). Beta-thromboglobulin increased from 116 (80-148) microg/l to 1039 (757-1298) microg/l with uncoated and to 352 (229-638) microg/l with heparin coated tubing (intergroup p = 0.005). Platelet counts and beta-thromboglobulin correlated closely with complement activation. Solid-phase enzyme immunoassay demonstrated substantial deposition of CD42a/GPIbIX and CD61/GPIIIa on uncoated, but not on heparin coated tubing (intergroup p<0.0005). Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated activated platelets and aggregates on uncoated in contrast to heparin coated tubing, where scattered, unactivated platelets were found. Changes in P-selectin and microparticles were minor. In conclusion, this heparin surface substantially improved platelet compatibility. Markers of choice for in vitro evaluation were platelet counts, beta-thromboglobulin and platelet deposition.
Sol-gel approaches for solid electrolytes and electrode materials. Technical report (1995)

Sol-gel chemistry has a great many potential applications in the preparation of unique electrochemical materials, from non-equilibrium transition metal oxides which may be of use as high energy density electrodes, to high-surface area mixed oxides which may possess high proton conductivity, to novel composite structures consisting of inorganic gels in combination with organic, electronic, and ionic conductors. This paper reviews prior work on proton conduction in gel systems and presents recent work regarding electrode materials prepared by sol-gel methods and inorganic-organic materials.
S fimbriae of uropathogenic Escherichia coli bind to primary human renal proximal tubular epithelial cells but do not induce expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (1995)

We have recently reported an increase of expression of the intercellular adhesion molecule 1 by renal carcinoma cells in response to S fimbriae of Escherichia coli. Now we demonstrate that E. coli expressing S and P fimbriae strongly binds to human proximal tubular epithelial cells. However, in primary and simian virus 40-transfected renal tubular epithelial cells S fimbriae do not enhance the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1.
A low-cost distributed networked localization and time synchronization framework for underwater acoustic testbeds (2014)

Localization and time synchronization are both essential services for Internet-connected underwater acoustic testbeds. Although the two are mutually coupled, they are often treated separately. We propose a new low-cost distributed networked localization and time synchronization framework for underwater acoustic sensor networks. The proposal is based on decoupling the two problems and solving first the time synchronization then localization using the same set of messages, i.e., with no additional overhead. A coarse, followed by a fine-grained, localization algorithm is adopted to accurately estimate the location of an unknown node. The solution is robust to noisy range measurements. The proposed scheme is implemented in a testbed based on Teledyne Benthos Telesonar SM-975 underwater modems and tested extensively in Lake LaSalle at the University at Buffalo. Experiments and simulations in terms of root mean square error (RMSE) demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve a high accuracy for a limited energy budget.
Cyclodextrin-Centered Polyesters: Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of Cyclic Esters from β-Cyclodextrin-Diol (2012)

International audience
Medetomidine Analogs as α2-Adrenergic Ligands. 3. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of a New Series of Medetomidine Analogs and Their Potential Binding Interactions with α2-Adrenoceptors Involving a “Methyl Pocket” (1997)

The synthesis and the biological evaluation of a new series of medetomidine analogs are reported. The substitution pattern at the phenyl ring of the tetralin analogs had a distinct influence on the alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding affinity. 4-Methylindan analog 6 was the most potent alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding ligand among these 4-substituted imidazoles, and its alpha 2-adrenoceptor selectivity was greater than the 5-methyl tetralin analog 4c. Ligand-pharmacophore and receptor modeling were combined to rationalize alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding data of the imidazole analogs in terms of ligand-receptor interactions. The structure-activity relationships that were apparent from this and previous studies were qualitatively rationalized by the binding site models of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor. The benzylic methyl group of medetomidine or the naphthyl analog 2a was superimposable with the alpha-methyl group of (-)-alpha-methylnorepinephrine and fit into the proposed "methyl pocket" of the alpha 2-adrenoceptor defined by the residues Leu110, Leu169, Phe391, and Thr395.
Clinical and Epidemiologic Characteristics Cannot Distinguish Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infection from Methicillin-Susceptible S. aureus Infection: A Prospective Investigation (2007)

We found that clinical and epidemiological risk factors in persons hospitalized for CA S. aureus infection cannot reliably distinguish between MRSA and MSSA. Our findings have important implications for the choice of empirical antibiotic therapy for suspected S. aureus infections and for infection control.
The Smartest City (2013)

Singapore is one of the most innovative and technologically advanced cities in the world. Because the small island nation has limited land space and a burgeoning population, Singapore has used strategic government investment, strict policies, and new technology to create a thriving urban environment. Many of its policies are aimed at reducing congestion by discouraging automobile travel. Singapore was the first city to implement congestion pricing and an expensive certificate is required to own an automobile. As an example of how Singapore is embracing technology to influence modal choice, elderly and disabled residents are given special radio frequency identification (RFID) cards that can be tapped against traffic light poles to extend crossing times.
Long-read whole genome sequencing identifies causal structural variation in a Mendelian disease (2016)

Abstract Current clinical genomics assays primarily utilize short-read sequencing (SRS), which offers high throughput, high base accuracy, and low cost per base. SRS has, however, limited ability to evaluate tandem repeats, regions with high [GC] or [AT] content, highly polymorphic regions, highly paralogous regions, and large-scale structural variants. Long-read sequencing (LRS) has complementary strengths and offers a means to discover overlooked genetic variation in patients undiagnosed by SRS. To evaluate LRS, we selected a patient who presented with multiple neoplasia and cardiac myxomata suggestive of Carney complex for whom targeted clinical gene testing and whole genome SRS were negative. Low coverage whole genome LRS was performed on the PacBio Sequel system and structural variants were called, yielding 6,971 deletions and 6,821 insertions &gt; 50bp. Filtering for variants that are absent in an unrelated control and that overlap a coding exon of a disease gene identified three deletions and three insertions. One of these, a heterozygous 2,184 bp deletion, overlaps the first coding exon of PRKAR1A , which is implicated in autosomal dominant Carney complex. This variant was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and was classified as pathogenic using standard criteria for the interpretation of sequence variants. This first successful application of whole genome LRS to identify a pathogenic variant suggests that LRS has significant potential to identify disease-causing structural variation. We recommend larger studies to evaluate the diagnostic yield of LRS, and the development of a comprehensive catalog of common human structural variation to support future studies.
Supplementary Figures S1-S3 from Carfilzomib-Dependent Selective Inhibition of the Chymotrypsin-like Activity of the Proteasome Leads to Antitumor Activity in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (2023)

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An Analysis of the Ecology Fabric Trend (2010)

In order to provide more systematic approach to analyze fabric trends and to develop fabrics accordingly, ecology fabric trend from 1986 to 2005 was analyzed related with fabric trend themes and fabric attributes. The result shows that in the 1980s, natural theme appeared, followed by primitive theme and imitated natural theme until the mid 1990s. From the late 1990s to the early 2ooos, new natural theme appeared followed by eco-friendly theme, and then recycling theme. In the natural theme, `clean` was the most important fabric attribute and `textured` and `worn` were important fabric attributes in the primitive theme. In the imitated natural theme, `wet` fabric attribute was preferred In the new natural theme, `lightweight` were preferred The results of this study empirically demonstrated that abstract and ambiguous trend terms can be interpreted with a physical, substantial, and feasible attributes that fabric practitioners can easily understand.
Capillary liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry for analysis of nanogram protein quantities on a wide-pore superficially porous particle column in top-down proteomics (2022)

In top-down proteomics experiments, intact protein ions are subjected to gas-phase fragmentation for MS analysis without prior digestion. This approach is used to characterize post-translational modifications and clipped forms of proteins, avoids several "inference" problems associated with bottom-up proteomics, and is well suited to the study of proteoforms. In the past decade, top-down proteomics has progressed rapidly, taking advantage of MS instrumentation improvements and the efforts of pioneering groups working to improve sample handling and data processing. The potential of this technology has been established through its successful use in a number of important biological studies. However, many challenges remain to be addressed like improving protein separation capabilities such that it might become possible to expand the dynamic range of whole proteome analysis, address co-elution and convoluted mass spectral data, and aid final data processing from peak identification to quantification. In this study, we investigated the use of a wide-pore silica-based superficially porous media with a high coverage phenyl bonding, commercially packed into customized capillary columns for the purpose of top-down proteomics. Protein samples of increasing complexity were tested, namely subunit digests of a monoclonal antibody, components of purified histones and proteins extracted from eukaryotic ribosomes. High quality mass spectra were obtained from only 100 ng of protein sample while using difluoroacetic acid as an ion pairing agent to improve peak shape and chromatographic resolution. A peak width at half height of about 15 s for a 45 min gradient time was observed on a complex mixture giving an estimated peak capacity close to 100. Most importantly, efficient separations were obtained for highly diverse proteins and there was no need to make method specific adjustments, suggesting this is a highly versatile and easy-to-use setup for top-down proteomics.
Initial Stability of Cemented Femoral Stems as a Function of Surface Finish, Collar, and Stem Size (2004)

The results indicated that, for cemented, straight femoral stems tapered only in the coronal plane, a rough surface offers the advantage of less per-cycle motion. These results may apply to widely used cemented stem designs based on the profile of the original Charnley femoral component, which has approximately parallel anterior and posterior aspects.
Exact outage probability of opportunistic DF relay systems with interference at both the relay and the destination over Nakagami-m fading channels (2012)

In this paper, we investigate the outage behavior of a dual-hop opportunistic decode-and-forward (DF) relay system with co-channel interference (CCI) at both the relay and the destination. The source-relay and relay-destination channels as well as the interferers' channels at both the relay and the destination nodes are assumed to follow Nakagami-m distribution. Exact closed-form expressions for the outage probability for both independent non-identically distributed (i.n.d.) and independent identically distributed (i.i.d.) cases of interferers' channels are derived in this paper. Furthermore, the system behavior at high SNR values is studied via deriving the asymptotic outage probability. Our finding suggest that the co-channel interferers do not reduce the diversity order of the system, instead, they degrade the outage performance by affecting the coding gain of the system. The accuracy of the analytical results are supported by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Early-Warning Wireless Telemeter for Harsh-Environment Bearings (2007)

We demonstrate an early-warning wireless and high-temperature telemeter that continuously monitors the temperature of a roller bearing during operation. The telemeter detects imminent temperature-induced failure of the bearing four minutes before conventional thermocouple sensors respond to conditional changes, leaving ample time for appropriate actions to avoid complete failure. The telemeter includes a commercially available temperature-sensitive capacitor that operates up to 220deg C. In addition, the telemeter's natural frequency changes with capacitance, which in turn is dependant on temperature. Information transmission between the bearing and a monitoring station is accomplished with a matched interrogator driven by a sinusoidal signal at 2.27 MHz. The telemeter's natural frequency shifts by about 0.65 kHz/degC, which is measured as a change in voltage on the interrogator inductor.
Amplification of sub-20-fs pulses at kHz repetition rates (1994)

In the short pulse amplification, two limitations to achieve generation of sub-15-fs pulses were observed, gain narrowing and residual high order dispersion. A confocal multi-pass amplifier was constructed to solve these limitations. The amplifiers consists of 7 mm long Ti:S crystal pumped by a Q switched Nd:YLF laser having 1 to 10 kHz repetition rate. A low dispersive FK 5 prism pair in double pass configuration was applied to minimize third order dispersion and regain original pulse duration of 18 fs after amplification.
A 300-MHz 64-b quad-issue CMOS RISC microprocessor (1995)

This 300 MHz quad-issue custom VLSI implementation of the Alpha architecture delivers 1200 MIPS (peak), 600 MFLOPS (peak), 341 SPECint92, and 512 SPECfp92. The 16.5 mm/spl times/18.1 mm die contains 9.3 M transistors and dissipates 50 W at 300 MHz. It is fabricated in a 3.3 V, four-layer metal, 0.5 /spl mu/m, CMOS process. The upper metal layers (metal-3 and metal-4), primarily used for power, ground, and clock distribution. The chip supports 3.3 V/5.0 V interfaces and is packaged in a 499-pin ceramic IPGA. It contains an 8-kbyte instruction cache; an 8-kbyte, dual-ported, data cache; and a 96-kbyte, unified, second-level, 3-way set associative, fully pipelined, writeback cache. This paper describes the circuit and implementation techniques that were used to attain the 300 MHz operating frequency.
Resolving China's Corporate Debt Problem (2016)

Corporate credit growth in China has been excessive in recent years. This credit boom is related to the large increase in investment after the Global Financial Crisis. Investment efficiency has fallen and the financial performance of corporates has deteriorated steadily, affecting asset quality in financial institutions. The corporate debt problem should be addressed urgently with a comprehensive strategy. Key elements should include identifying companies in financial difficulties, proactively recognizing losses in the financial system, burden sharing, corporate restructuring and governance reform, hardening budget constraints, and facilitating market entry. A proactive strategy would trade off short-term economic pain for larger longer-term gain.
Stochastic relationships for periodic responses in randomly heterogeneous aquifers (2011)

The aim of this work is to develop a theoretical framework for the analysis of groundwater head oscillations commonly observed in bores near boundaries of surface water bodies that are subject to periodic variations in stage height. Restricting attention to the linear groundwater flow equation, the dynamics of head variations induced by periodic modes acting at boundaries are governed by a complex‐valued time‐independent equation parameterized by the modal frequency of interest. For randomly heterogeneous aquifers the hydraulic conductivity field may be regarded as a spatial random variable. Stochastic relationships between the conductivity spectrum and the induced head oscillation spectrum are generated from a stochastic perturbation approach. Spatial correlative relationships are derived for several stochastic models incorporating up to three spatial dimensions. Explicit calculations of head oscillation autocovariances and spectral densities are parameterized by conductivity statistics, including integral scale and variance, and by modal frequency. The results show that time domain head responses to periodic boundary forcing are strongly dependent on multidimensional effects and on spatial correlation structure. Computational simulations show that the stochastic variance estimators match simulated head fluctuation variances for a range of modal frequencies and aquifer diffusivities and that joint inversion of conductivity integral scale and variance is possible with moderate numbers of sampling points.
An approach to viscoelastic characterization of dispersive media by inversion of a general wave propagation model (2017)

In the characterization of elastic properties of tissue using dynamic optical coherence elastography, shear/surface waves are propagated and tracked in order to estimate speed and Young’s modulus. However, for dispersive tissues, the displacement pulse is highly damped and distorted during propagation, diminishing the effectiveness of peak tracking approaches, and leading to biased estimates of wave speed. Further, plane wave propagation is sometimes assumed, which contributes to estimation errors. Therefore, we invert a wave propagation model that incorporates propagation, decay, and distortion of pulses in a dispersive media in order to accurately estimate its elastic and viscous components. The model uses a general first-order approximation of dispersion, avoiding the use of any particular rheological model of tissue. Experiments are conducted in elastic and viscoelastic tissue-mimicking phantoms by producing a Gaussian push using acoustic radiation force excitation and measuring the wave propagation using a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system. Results confirmed the effectiveness of the inversion method in estimating viscoelastic parameters in both the viscoelastic and elastic phantoms when compared to mechanical measurements. Finally, the viscoelastic characterization of a fresh porcine cornea was conducted. Preliminary results validate this approach when compared to other methods.
Image reconstruction using an original asynchronous cellular array (2003)

Image reconstruction algorithms introduce a new class of problem, because the path that the information has to follow is not regular enough to allow simple systolic implementations. The authors propose to use a type of cellular array characterized by the asynchronous functioning of the cells. This is permitted by an original message communication mechanism which is based on message routing and mailbox principles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
New small radius joints based on thermal shrinkage of polyimide in V-grooves for robust self-assembly 3D microstructures (1998)

A novel and simple technology for making robust three-dimensional (3D) silicon structures with small radii of bending has been developed and investigated. The proposed self-assembly method of bending 3D structures out of plane such that they stay bent without any interlocking braces is based on thermal shrinkage of polyimide in V-grooves. A wide range of bending angles for the permanent out-of-plane rotated structure can be chosen by varying the curing temperature of the polyimide. The relatively large thermal expansion of polyimide makes it possible to use the structure in a dynamic mode useful for compensation of undesired process variations. The proposed technique is compatible with both IC based surface micromachining and batch fabrication. Therefore, structures based on the new polyimide joint have general applications in micromachining and can be used in many new 3D sensors or actuators having detailed features in all three dimensions.
Implantable and transcutaneous continuous glucose monitoring system: a randomized cross over trial comparing accuracy, efficacy and acceptance (2021)

CGM features may affect glycemic control and device acceptance.