gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A NOVEL METHOD OF CROSSLINKING UHMWPE TO IMPROVE WEAR, REDUCE OXIDATION AND RETAIN MECHANICAL PROPERTIES (2002)

Increasing crosslinking has been shown in vitro and in vivo to markedly improve the wear resistance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE). However, the reduction in the mechanical properties of polyethylene under certain methods used to produce crosslinking has been a concern. These reductions are known to result from the processes used to increase the crosslink density and could affect the device performance in vivo. We present a novel method of increasing the crosslink density of UHMWPE in which UHMWPE is irradiated in air at an elevated temperature with a high dose rate electron beam and is subsequently melt-annealed. This treatment markedly improves the wear resistance of the polymer as tested in a hip simulator while maintaining the mechanical properties of the material within national and international standards. This method also leads to the absence of detectable free radicals in the polymer and, as a result, excellent resistance to oxidation of the polymer.
Detection of Mycoplasma meleagridis and M. iowae from dead‐in‐shell turkey embryos by polymerase chain reaction and culture (1997)

This work reports the development of a 16S rRNA-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for the detection of Mycoplasma meleagridis, and the application, together with a previously described multi-species PCR, for the diagnosis of M. meleagridis and M. iowae in dead-in-shell turkey embryos. Forty-six allantoic fluid samples from dead-in-shell turkey embryos from hatcheries in Israel and the United States were tested by PCR and cultured for the detection of M. meleagridis and M. iowae. Three methods of DNA extraction for PCR assay were compared in allantoic fluid samples from turkey embryos experimentally infected with M. iowae. The two PCR assays provided more rapid detection than culture and were more effective in detecting the components of a mixed infection. Furthermore, PCR has the ability to recognize all M. iowae strains irrespective of antigenic variation.
Lineage relationships, homeostasis, and recall capacities of central– and effector–memory CD8 T cells in vivo (2005)

The lineage relationships of central-memory T cells (T(CM)) cells and effector-memory T cells (T(EM)), as well as their homeostasis and recall capacities, are still controversial. We investigated these issues in a murine model using two complementary approaches: T cell receptor repertoire analysis and adoptive transfer experiments of purified H-Y-specific T(CM) and T(EM) populations. Repertoire studies showed that approximately two thirds of T(CM) and T(EM) clones derived from a common naive precursor, whereas the other third was distinct. Both approaches highlighted that T(CM) and T(EM) had drastically distinct behaviors in vivo, both in the absence of antigen or upon restimulation. T(CM) clones were stable in the absence of restimulation and mounted a potent and sustained recall response upon secondary challenge, giving rise to both T(CM) and T(EM), although only a fraction of T(CM) generated T(EM). In contrast, T(EM) persisted for only a short time in the absence of antigen and, although a fraction of them were able to express CD62L, they were unable to mount a proliferative response upon secondary challenge in this model.
Resveratrol and Its Nanoformulation Attenuate Growth and the Angiogenesis of Xenograft and Orthotopic Colon Cancer Models (2020)

Cancer is a multifactorial disorder that induces mortality worldwide, and the colorectal type is the third most common cancer globally. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural compound with an effective anticancer effect, especially against colorectal cancer, and therefore numerous studies recommended its use in colorectal cancer prevention and treatment. The current study investigated the effect of either RSV or its nanoformulation (NP-RSV) on the growth and vascularity of xenograft and orthotopic mice models in colon cancer (COLO205-luc). Both RSV and NP-RSV induced significant reductions in tumor growth and the hemoglobin percentages of the tumor mass, but NP-RSV showed greater bioavailability and efficacy than RSV. Generally, we recommend using NP-RSV as a therapeutic to control colon cancer.
Conotoxins: Chemistry and Biology (2019)

The venom of the marine predatory cone snails (genus <i>Conus</i>) has evolved for prey capture and defense, providing the basis for survival and rapid diversification of the now estimated 750+ species. A typical <i>Conus</i> venom contains hundreds to thousands of bioactive peptides known as conotoxins. These mostly disulfide-rich and well-structured peptides act on a wide range of targets such as ion channels, G protein-coupled receptors, transporters, and enzymes. Conotoxins are of interest to neuroscientists as well as drug developers due to their exquisite potency and selectivity, not just against prey but also mammalian targets, thereby providing a rich source of molecular probes and therapeutic leads. The rise of integrated venomics has accelerated conotoxin discovery with now well over 10,000 conotoxin sequences published. However, their structural and pharmacological characterization lags considerably behind. In this review, we highlight the diversity of new conotoxins uncovered since 2014, their three-dimensional structures and folds, novel chemical approaches to their syntheses, and their value as pharmacological tools to unravel complex biology. Additionally, we discuss challenges and future directions for the field.
Effect of acetic acid addition on chemical conversion of woods as treated by semi-flow hot-compressed water (2011)

Abstract Effect of acetic acid (AcOH) addition on chemical conversion of Japanese beech ( Fagus crenata ), as a hardwood, and Japanese cedar ( Cryptomeria japonica ), as a softwood, was investigated in the course of treatment in a semi-flow reactor with hot-compressed water (H-CW). One-step treatment of Japanese beech was preliminarily performed to examine the effect of AcOH concentrations on the decomposition behavior at 150–290°C/10 MPa/30 min. Based on the obtained results, two-step semi-flow H-CW treatment with 1 wt% AcOH at 210°C/10 MPa/15 min (1st stage) and 260°C/10 MPa/15 min (2nd stage) was thus selected as the most appropriate treatment and a comparative study of the two woods was accordingly conducted. The differences in decomposition behavior observed between the two woods clearly proved that the addition of AcOH played an important role in enhancing the hydrolysis and decomposition of cell wall components in Japanese cedar due to the lesser amount of acetyl residue in softwood hemicelluloses and its lignin structure.
Polymerase Chain Reaction Analysis of DNA from Paraffin-Embedded Tissue (2003)

One of the greatest potentials of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) lies in the fact that even minute amounts of target DNA or extensively damaged DNA can be successfully amplified in vitro and thus become amenable to further study. This enables a detailed molecular analysis of small amounts of DNA from tissue that has been damaged by fixation (e.g., in formalin) and long-term storage in paraffin. The applications of this methodology are nearly unlimited. For example, rare tumors that are stored as formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue in pathology departments throughout the world can be analyzed at the molecular level. Furthermore, tissue from small lesions (e.g., primary skin melanomas), which are only rarely available for molecular analysis since the entire specimen is usually needed for histopathological assessment, can be examined. For PCR analysis, only several sections from the paraffin block, which are usually dispensable, are sufficient. Even small amounts of very low quality DNA can be used, as the sensitivity of the detection of specific target DNA sequences is several orders of magnitude higher than that with any conventional method. For example, Southern blot analysis of DNA from paraffin-embedded tissue has been performed, but with limited success as only relatively small amounts of degraded and irreversibly modified DNA can be obtained from embedded specimens (1,2). Thus, PCR methodology creates an ideal link between traditional histology and modern molecular biology (3).
Compact Integration of Optical Sources and Detectors on SOI for Optical Interconnects Fabricated in a 200 mm CMOS Pilot Line (2012)

As the demand for bandwidth increases, optical interconnects are coming closer and closer to the chip. Optical interconnects on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) are desirable as this allows for integration with CMOS and the mature processing can be used for photonic integrated circuits. A heterogeneous integration process can be used to include III-V active optical components on SOI. For dense integration compact sources and detectors are required, but they typically need different epitaxial structures to be efficient which limits the integration density. We propose to use an epitaxial structure, which contains both the layers for a laser and for a detector, hereby enabling very compact integration of sources and detectors. Microdisk lasers and waveguide detectors using this epi were completely fabricated in a 200 mm CMOS pilot line and the results are discussed here.
Chemical Imaging Reveals Diverse Functions of Tricarboxylic Acid Metabolites in Root Growth and Development (2022)

Abstract Understanding how plants grow is critical for agriculture and fundamental for illuminating principles of multicellular development 1 . Here, we apply chemical mapping of the developing maize root using desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) 2 . This technique reveals a range of small molecule distribution patterns across the gradient of stem cell differentiation in the root. To understand the developmental logic of these patterns, we examined tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. In both Arabidopsis and maize, TCA metabolites are enriched in developmentally opposing regions, suggesting that stem-cell specific TCA metabolite localization may be conserved in evolutionarily divergent species. We find that these metabolites, particularly succinate, aconitate, citrate, and α-ketoglutarate, control root development in diverse and distinct ways. Critically, the effects of metabolites on stem cell behavior can be independent of their canonical role in ATP production. These results present new insights into development and suggest practical means for controlling plant growth.
Formation of Nanostructured Zeolite Particle Surfaces via a Halide/Grignard Route (2007)

A two-step reaction sequence, dealumination via thionyl chloride followed by reaction with a Grignard reagent, has created a nanoscale morphology that appears as significantly roughened outer surfaces on zeolite 4A particles. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements revealed that such surface nanostructures are composed of Mg(OH)2 crystals. The formation mechanism of this specific surface morphology was explored. It was discovered by solid-state 29Si and 27Al NMR and XPS surface analysis that thionyl chloride partially removes aluminum from the zeolite 4A framework and yields NaCl and AlCl3. Precipitation of these extracted inorganic salts on the surfaces of zeolite particles occur. Subsequently, methylmagnesium bromide is reacted with 2-propanol in a quenching process and generates Mg(OH)2. The previously deposited NaCl and AlCl3 nanoparticles on zeolite surfaces are believed to function as heterogeneous nuclei for the growth of Mg(OH)2 crystals and thereby creates the nanostructured surface morphology. The modified particles are shown in previous work to provide enhanced interfacial adhesion in polymeric composites.
An Efficient Synthesis of N-Aroyl-3-Phenyltetrahydropyridines (1997)

Abstract N-Aroyl-3-phenyltetrahydropyridines were conveniently synthesized by dehydration of N-aroyl-3-hydroxy-3-phenylpiperidines with toluenesulfonic acid on silica gel as a dehydration reagent.
Formation Pressure Integrity Treatments Optimize Drilling and Completion of HTHP Production Hole Sections (2001)

Abstract Insufficient borehole pressure integrity (BHPI) is a significant drilling challenge in deep, high-temperature, high-pressure (HTHP) wells in south Texas, as it is in many wells. Shales and/ or sands weakened by depletion, leaking faults, or unfavorable rock properties result in lost returns when mud weights are close to pore pressures. In one field, short (~50 ft) transitions from normal (11 lb/gal) to overpressured (17.5 to 18.0 lb/gal) Frio formations compound the severity of this challenge. Setting casing to isolate normal-pressure from high-pressure zones can be problematic if faults exist at the casing shoe and/or the cement job does not provide a good hydraulic seal. In one case, the intermediate casing shoe failed to test, and conventional cement squeezes were unable to correct the problem. In the productive portion of the well, preventing skin and or formation damage in an interval that had a wide range of pore pressures (8.5 to 17.8 lbm/gal), was a major concern with any treatment option to increase borehole integrity. This paper describes successful applications of new BHPI treatment materials and methods for increasing borehole integrity. BHPI treatments have allowed higher drilling and cementing circulation rates. This has helped optimize drilling performance and improve well conditions during cementing operations, which has resulted in improved primary cementing success. It has been suggested that skin damage in the zones of interest can be minimized since BHPI treatments can be designed and targeted to only enter areas with low BHPI. In one case, a BHPI treatment entered a low-pressure productive interval, which, after a planned stimulation program, did not seem to affect production performance. In another case, after BHPI treatments helped increase wellbore integrity, the productive interval in one well was successfully cemented without requiring a drilling liner, which would have limited completion flexibility. A theoretical rock mechanics model is discussed to help explain how the new BHPI treatments can rapidly and substantially increases the pressure integrity of holes located across both sand and shale formations. Minor BHPI filtrate invasions during tests in high and low-permeability sandstone cores should explain why the new BHPI system also limits formation damage.
Advances in single mode, high frequency and high power AlGaInN laser diodes (2013)

Latest developments in single mode, high frequency and high power AlGaInN laser diode technology are presented. Ridge waveguide laser diode structures are fabricated to achieve single transverse mode operation with optical powers of >100mW and single longdituinal mode operation with optical powers up to 25mW in the 400–420nm wavelength range. High powers, up to 4W cw was achieved in a laser bar configuration.
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF A 1,2,4‐DIOXAZOLIDINE BY ELECTRON‐TRANSFER PHOTOOXYGENATION OF 1‐BUTYL‐2,3‐DIPHENYLAZIRIDINE (1983)

Abstract Aus dem Aziridin (I) erhält man bei der Photo lyse in Gegenwart von Sauerstoff und 9,I O Dicyan‐anthracen (II) die isomeren 1,2,4‐Dioxazolidine (III) und (IV) neben Benzaldehyd (V).
Low Temperature Sintering of Alumina by CuO-TiO<sub>2</sub>-Nb<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Additives (2006)

We examined sintering additives for alumina. When using CuO-TiO2-Nb2O5 additive, dense sintered alumina was obtained by firing at 1000°C or below, even though additive content was at most 10 mass%. It is considered that the formation of mixed oxide consists of CuO, TiO2 and Nb2O5 has an important role for low temperature sintering of alumina. Thermal conductivity of the above sample was 15 W/mK, which was the highest value yet reported within LTCC (Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramics) materials.
Molecular Structure of C(GeBr3)4 Determined by Gas-Phase Electron Diffraction and Density Functional Theory Calculations:  Implications for the Length and Stability of Ge−C Bonds in Crystalline Semiconductor Solids (1997)

The structure of C(GeBr3)4 has been determined by gas-phase electron diffraction. It has a C−Ge bond length of 2.042(8) Å (about 0.1 Å longer than normal), and the 12 Br atom positions are close to the vertices of a regular icosahedron. Density functional calculations closely reproduce the observed structure. The implications of the observed structure for bond lengths in Ge−C crystals and related electronic materials based on the diamond structure are discussed.
A tariff based inductive power controller for charging electric vehicles (EVs) (2014)

As EVs are becoming increasing popular, the focus is to implement both efficient and cost effective power interfaces for charging EVs. This paper proposes a new power controller for charging EVs using Inductive Power Transfer (IPT) technology. The proposed control philosophy allows for charging multiple EVs while sharing power capability of the charging system according to tariff and without any direct communication. The controller utilizes two distinct jitters of frequency to convey information with regard to tariff for charging and power capability of the supply. Tariff for charging is varied with the demand for power, and EVs are allowed to be charged in accordance with their purchasing power and urgency. Moreover, the controller facilitates operation of the IPT charging system at tuned frequency and minimizes VAR consumption. The validity of the tariff based power control philosophy is demonstrated through simulated results of a 3 kW bi-directional IPT system that is capable of charging 3 EVs. Results convincingly indicate that proposed controller is attractive for charging bays where multiple EVs are charged, and also applicable for both wired and wireless charging systems as well as vehicle-to-grid (V2G) applications.
Longitudinal Evolution of an Inclusive, College-wide Integrated Engineering Leadership Curriculum (2020)

Abstract Longitudinal Evolution of an Inclusive, College-Wide IntegratedEngineering Leadership CurriculumAbstractLike many engineering programs, [Blinded] has recognized the need for cultivatingleadership skills in its engineering students. Over seven years ago, planning efforts wereinitiated for rolling out an inclusive, college-wide engineering leadership curriculum.These efforts have resulted in a structured experience that provides graduated proficiencyin leadership knowledge and skills starting with the Freshmen year and culminating inpracticed leadership experiences in Capstone Senior Design Courses. A fundamentalelement of this inclusive curriculum is a required, 3 credit hour Sophomore LevelFoundations Course which provides a common core in personal leadership, organizationleadership, and global agility.Implementation of an inclusive curriculum required substantial support from each of theindividual college units, thus the roll-out was staged with strong consideration todepartment timelines. At this point, each program in [Blinded] College of Engineeringand Technology has integrated the leadership curriculum into its individual graduationrequirements for seniors graduating in 2014 and beyond. Early adopting departmentsnow have several years of experience. Enrollment in the Sophomore LeadershipFoundations course has risen from several dozen students to roughly 1,000 studentsannually. This paper presents the longitudinal evolution of the curriculum in response tofaculty concerns, student interest and experience levels, and departmental constraints.
A multi-bit binary arithmetic coding technique (2002)

We propose a new methodology for binary arithmetic coding which reduces the number of arithmetic operations significantly at the expense of a mild reduction in compression ratio. We achieve this by (i) considering a two-symbol nonoverlapping window and not coding the second symbol if both of them are most probable symbols and (ii) moving the majority of computations to the least probable symbol path. As a result, we reduce the additions/subtractions required by 60-70%, with a loss of compression ratio of about 1-3% compared to the Q-coder. This reduction in computational complexity makes the proposed technique particularly suitable for low-power VLSI implementation. We have described the proposed algorithm and analyzed the results. We have also described a VLSI architecture capable of carrying out the algorithm.
Twisted Nanotubes of Transition Metal Dichalcogenides with Split Optical Modes for Tunable Radiated Light Resonators (2022)

Synthesized micro- and nanotubes composed of transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs) such as MoS$_2$ are promising for many applications in nanophotonics, because they combine the abilities to emit strong exciton luminescence and to act as whispering gallery microcavities even at room temperature. In addition to tubes in the form of hollow cylinders, there is an insufficiently-studied class of twisted tubes, the flattened cross section of which rotates along the tube axis. As shown by theoretical analysis, in such nanotubes the interaction of electromagnetic waves excited at opposite sides of the cross section can cause splitting of the whispering gallery modes. By studying micro-photoluminescence spectra measured along individual MoS$_2$ tubes, it has been established that the splitting value, which controls the energies of the split modes, depends exponentially on the aspect ratio of the cross section, which varies in "breathing" tubes, while the relative intensity of the modes in a pair is determined by the angle of rotation of the cross section. These results open up the possibility of creating multifunctional tubular TMDC nanodevices that provide resonant amplification of self-emitting light at adjustable frequencies.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Solid‐State Synthesis of Dimeric 4‐Aryl‐1,4‐dihydropyridines. (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Thermal diffusivity sensors for wide-range temperature sensing (2008)

This work presents a CMOS temperature sensor based on thermal diffusivity sensing. This sensor is insensitive to leakage currents, and so can reliably operate up to and beyond 150degC. Also, thermal diffusivity sensors have low intrinsic spread, which means that in many applications, they do not require trimming. A thermal diffusivity sensor and its interface circuit were realized in 0.7 mum CMOS technology. The untrimmed device-to-device spread corresponds to a temperature error of plusmn0.7degC (3sigma) from -70degC to 160degC. This operating range is a significant improvement on the state-of-the-art.