gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-Throughput Screening of Selectivity of Melt Polymerization Catalysts Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Two-Wavelength Fluorescence Imaging (2003)

A new general approach for rapid assessment of polymerization catalysts is introduced. Native fluorescence emission of solid polymers is measured directly in combinatorial 96-microreactor arrays and polymers produced in a laboratory-scale validation reactor. Fluorescence features collected with a CCD-based spectrofluorometer are correlated with chemical properties of interest such as polymer molecular weight, amount of branching, and catalyst selectivity. The approach is illustrated by screening of selectivity of melt polymerization catalysts used in synthesis of an aromatic bisphenol A polycarbonate. Selectivity of catalysts correlated with the ratio of fluorescence intensities at 400 and 500 nm at 340-nm excitation. The relative standard deviation (RSD) in spectroscopic serial measurements was 1-12.5%. This spread included instrument variability (< or = 1% RSD) and sample inhomogeneity. Parallel quantitative screening of catalyst selectivity in combinatorial 96-microreactor arrays was performed as a two-wavelength ratiometric fluorescence imaging through 400- and 500-nm interference filters and showed a good correlation (R2 = 0.994) with serial screening. Our approach is an attractive alternative to traditional separation-based techniques if speed and nondestructive nature of analysis are critical and when the high cross-linking or solvent resistance of polymers complicates traditional analysis.
E-, S-, C- and L-band coherent transmission with a multistage discrete Raman amplifier (2022)

We report for the first time an ultra-wideband coherent (UWB) WDM transmission over a 70 km standard single mode fibre (SSMF) solely using a multistage discrete Raman amplifier (DRA) over the E-, S-, C- and L-bands of the optical window. The amplifier is based on a split-combine approach of spectral bands enabling signal amplification from 1410-1605 nm over an optical bandwidth of 195 nm (25.8 THz). The proposed amplifier was characterized with 143 channelized amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) dummy channels in the S-, C- and L-bands and 4 laser sources in the E-band (1410-1605 nm). The amplification results show an average gain of 14 dB and a maximum noise figure (NF) of 7.5 dB over the entire bandwidth. Coherent transmission with the proposed amplifier was performed using a 30 Gbaud PM-16-QAM channel coupled with the ASE channels over a 70 km SMF. The ultra-wideband transmission using the tailored multistage DRA shows transmission bandwidth of 195 nm with a maximum Q<sup>2</sup> penalty of ∼4 dB in E- and S-band, and ∼2 dB in C- and L-band.
Constitutional isomers of carbazole–benzoyl-pyrimidine-based thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters for efficient OLEDs (2021)

Two pairs of constitutional isomeric TADF dopants (35CzBPym and 25CzBPym; 35tCzBPym and 25tCzBPym) containing benzoyl pyrimidine (BPym) as an acceptor and carbazoles (Czs) as donors were designed for high-efficiency OLEDs.
Cover Feature: “Click” Silica‐Supported Sulfonic Acid Catalysts with Variable Acid Strength and Surface Polarity (Chem. Eur. J. 27/2019) (2019)

How do you like your acid catalyst? A robust and modular method is presented for the preparation of silica-supported sulfonic acid catalysts. The strategy makes it possible to fine tune both their acid strength and surface polarity, taking advantage of the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) and further modification of the formed triazole link. The artwork displays an assembly line that reacts the azide-functionalized mesoporous silica particles with different alkynes and electrophiles to provide a family of bespoke solid acid catalysts. More information can be found in the Full Paper by A. E. Fernandes et al. on page 6753.
SARS-CoV-2 mechanistic correlates of protection: insight from modelling response to vaccines (2021)

Abstract The definition of correlates of protection is critical for the development of next generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms. Here, we propose a new framework for identifying mechanistic correlates of protection based on mathematical modelling of viral dynamics and data mining of immunological markers. The application to three different studies in non-human primates evaluating SARS-CoV-2 vaccines based on CD40-targeting, two-component spike nanoparticle and mRNA 1273 identifies and quantifies two main mechanisms that are a decrease of rate of cell infection and an increase in clearance of infected cells. Inhibition of RBD binding to ACE2 appears to be a robust mechanistic correlate of protection across the three vaccine platforms although not capturing the whole biological vaccine effect. The model shows that RBD/ACE2 binding inhibition represents a strong mechanism of protection which required significant reduction in blocking potency to effectively compromise the control of viral replication. One Sentence Summary A framework for modelling the immune control of viral dynamics is applied to quantify the effect of several SARS-CoV-2 vaccine platforms and to define mechanistic correlates of protection.
Morphology Control of Multicomponent Oxide Phosphor Particles Containing High Ductility Component by High Temperature Spray Pyrolysis (1999)

The blue phosphor particles with sphericity and nonaggregation was prepared by high‐temperature spray pyrolysis. Characteristics of the as‐prepared and the post‐treated particles such as crystallinity, morphology, and luminescence were investigated. The as‐prepared particles at 1200°C had an amorphous phase, and the sphericity of as‐prepared particles disappeared after post‐treatment at 1300°C. On the other hand, the as‐prepared particles at 1500 and 1700°C have good crystallinity of , and its morphology was maintained after post‐treatment. The mean size of particles obtained from 0.3 M solution was 0.6 μm. The particles which were directly prepared by spray pyrolysis had higher PL intensities than those of post‐treated particles. The good morphology of particles directly prepared by spray pyrolysis caused the high luminescence intensity in comparison with the post‐treated particles. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Quantum dot-loaded PEGylated poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles for in vitro and in vivo imaging (2011)

Visible- and near-infrared-emitting quantum-dots (QDs) were readily encapsulated with high yields into PEGylated, poly(alkyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles (NPs) by self-assembly in aqueous solution. The resulting QD-loaded NPs were efficiently purified and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and ζ-potential measurements as well as by stability studies and cell viability assays. Concomitant encapsulation of different kinds of QDs led to barcode NPs. They were then used for human brain endothelial cell imaging allowing their uptake to be monitored. Finally, the in vivo fate of near-infrared fluorescent NPs was visualized noninvasively by fluorescence optical imaging.
Zaman gecikmeli kontrolcü sinyalleri bozucu etkilere maruz kalan bir DC servomotorun geribeslemeli kontrolü. (2017)

The time delay imposed in the wireless control systems makes it difficult to guarantee stable response in many cases. Especially, delays in feedforward path combined with feedback path may result in some stability problems of the controlled system response. For the remote control of servomotors used on unmanned aerial or underwater vehicles, space manipulators and humanoid robots time delays has got great importance in real time remote control of those systems. The time delay in the feedforward path may be caused by computer control algorithm processing, buffering, transmitting process of control signals through antenna, receiving process of control signals through antenna on the vehicle and the complementary hardware processing. Similarly, on the feedback path, position feedback signal measured by encoder is transmitted in reverse order of the control signal with some delay time. In this paper, the PID control of a DC servomotor with constant time delays will be discussed in detail. After specifying the effects of the delays in the system, Smith predictor will be added to the model to minimize the undesired effects on the output response of the servomotor. For the wireless control of the servomotors actuating some mechanical systems, a modified Smith predictor is designed to drive the system efficiently to take care of the disturbance effects coming from the dynamics of the driven parts. The success of the calculated predictors together with the tuned PID controller and the controllable range for disturbance to controller signal ratio are shown on a low power DC servomotor by simulations .
Data from Promoter Methylation of <i>CDO1</i> Identifies Clear-Cell Renal Cell Cancer Patients with Poor Survival Outcome (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; In this era of molecular diagnostics, prediction of clear-cell renal cell cancer (ccRCC) survival requires optimization, as current prognostic markers fail to determine individual patient outcome. Epigenetic events are promising molecular markers. Promoter CpG island methylation of &lt;i&gt;cysteine dioxygenase type 1&lt;/i&gt; (&lt;i&gt;CDO1&lt;/i&gt;), which was identified as prognostic marker for breast cancer, is studied as a potential marker for ccRCC survival.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We collected primary tissues of 365 ccRCC cases identified within the prospective Netherlands Cohort Study (NLCS). In this population-based series, &lt;i&gt;CDO1&lt;/i&gt; promoter methylation was observed in 124 of 324 (38.3%) patients with successful methylation-specific PCR analysis. Kaplan–Meier curves and Wilcoxon tests were used to evaluate 10-year ccRCC-specific survival. Cox regression analysis was used to obtain crude and multivariate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The relative prognostic value of multivariate models with and without &lt;i&gt;CDO1&lt;/i&gt; promoter methylation was compared using likelihood-ratio tests.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Patients with &lt;i&gt;CDO1&lt;/i&gt; promoter methylation have a significantly poorer survival than those without (Wilcoxon &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.006). Differences in survival were independent of other prognostic factors, including age and sex (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.12–2.45) and TNM stage, tumor size, and Fuhrman grade (HR, 1.89; 95% CI, 1.25–2.85). Multivariate models performed better with than without &lt;i&gt;CDO1&lt;/i&gt; promoter methylation status (likelihood-ratio &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; = 0.003). Survival curves were validated in an independent series of 280 ccRCC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; Wilcoxon &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;CDO1&lt;/i&gt; promoter methylation may not substitute common prognostic makers to predict ccRCC survival, but offers additional, relevant prognostic information, indicating that it might be a novel molecular marker to determine ccRCC prognosis. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(15); 3492–500. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Functional Antagonism between Oncoprotein c-Jun and Steroid Hormone Receptors (1991)

Steroids and related hormones, including those derived from vitamins A and D, exert their regulatory effects by interacting with receptors and are direct modulators of gene transcription. These hormones generally act to induce cellular differentiation and are frequently associated with an inhibition of cell division. In contrast, a number of proto-oncogenes encode nuclear proteins, such as c-Jun, c-Fos, c-Myb, and c-Myc, function to stimulate cellular growth. Simplistically, cell proliferation and cellular differentiation may be thought of as opposing phenomena, and, frequently, a terminally differentiated cell is also a post-mitotic cell. The molecular mechanisms by which hormone receptors inhibit cellular proliferation and by which growth factors stimulate this process are poorly understood.
Physicochemical structure of a polyacrylic acid stabilized nanoparticle alum (nanoalum) adjuvant governs TH1 differentiation of CD4+ T cells (2020)

This is the accepted manuscript version of the work published in its final form as Khandhar., P., A., Liang., Hong., Simpson., C., A., Reed., G., S., Carter., Darrick., Fox., B., C., Orr., &amp; T., M. (2020). Physicochemical structure of a polyacrylic acid stabilized nanoparticle alum (nanoalum) adjuvant governs th1 differentiation of cd4+ t cells. Zenodo. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8048515 Deposited by shareyourpaper.org and openaccessbutton.org. We've taken reasonable steps to ensure this content doesn't violate copyright. However, if you think it does you can request a takedown by emailing help@openaccessbutton.org.
A Branch-and-Bound Algorithm for Quadratically-Constrained Sparse Filter Design (2012)

This paper presents an exact algorithm for sparse filter design under a quadratic constraint on filter performance. The algorithm is based on branch-and-bound, a combinatorial optimization procedure that can either guarantee an optimal solution or produce a sparse solution with a bound on its deviation from optimality. To reduce the complexity of branch-and-bound, several methods are developed for bounding the optimal filter cost. Bounds based on infeasibility yield incrementally accumulating improvements with minimal computation, while two convex relaxations, referred to as linear and diagonal relaxations, are derived to provide stronger bounds. The approximation properties of the two relaxations are characterized analytically as well as numerically. Design examples involving wireless channel equalization and minimum-variance distortionless-response beamforming show that the complexity of obtaining certifiably optimal solutions can often be significantly reduced by incorporating diagonal relaxations, especially in more difficult instances. In the case of early termination due to computational constraints, diagonal relaxations strengthen the bound on the proximity of the final solution to the optimum.
Security audit using extended static checking: Is it cost-effective yet? (2012)

This paper describes our experience of doing variation analysis of known security vulnerabilities in C++ projects including core OS and browser COM components, using an extended static checker HAVOC-LITE. We describe the extensions made to the tool to be applicable on such large components, along with our experience of using an extended static checker in the large. We argue that the use of such checkers as a configurable static analysis in the hands of security auditors can be quite cost-effective tool for finding variations of known vulnerabilities.
Ureteral Involvement Within an Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia in a Patient With Crossed-fused Renal Ectopia (2016)

Crossed-fused renal ectopy is an uncommon abnormality of the genitourinary tract that results from errors during embryological development. Ureteral herniation represents another rare anatomic event and can often occur from spontaneous, postoperative, and congenital causes (Allam, Johnson, Grewal & Johnson 2015; Pollack, Popky & Blumberg 1975). Here, we discuss the complex clinical course of a patient with crossed-fused renal ectopia who presents with symptoms due to ureteroinguinal herniation and provide a brief overview of the literature. We highlight the clinical considerations in the management of this patient and provide a potential anatomical and embryological explanation for his presentation.
Toward an understanding of allogeneic conflict in pregnancy and transplantation (2022)

Pregnancy is recognized as a spontaneously acquired state of immunological tolerance by the mother to her semi-allogeneic fetus, but it is a major cause of allosensitization in candidates for organ transplantation. This sensitization, assessed by the presence of anti-HLA IgG, contributes to sex disparity in access to transplantation and increases the risk for rejection and graft loss. Understanding this dual tolerance/sensitization conundrum may lead to new strategies for equalizing access to transplantation among sexes and improving transplant outcomes in parous women. Here, we review the clinical evidence that pregnancy results in humoral sensitization and query whether T cell responses are sensitized. Furthermore, we summarize preclinical evidence on the effects of pregnancy on fetus-specific CD4+ conventional, regulatory, and CD8+ T cells, and humoral responses. We end with a discussion on the impact of the divergent effects that pregnancy has upon alloantigen re-encounter in the context of solid organ transplantation, and how these insights point to a therapeutic roadmap for controlling pregnancy-dependent allosensitization.
ChemInform Abstract: FLUXIONAL BEHAVIOR AND SUBSTITUENT SITE PREFERENCES IN CATIONIC MONOSUBSTITUTED TROPYLIUMIRON TRICARBONYL COMPLEXES (1979)

Abstract Mittels temperaturabhängiger 1 H‐ und 13 C‐N spektroskopischer Daten werden die fluktuierenden Titelionen (III) untersucht.
Novel Density-Based Autonomous Inflow Control Device Using Artificial Gravity (2021)

Abstract A new class of Autonomous Inflow Control Devices, AICDs, has been developed which balances production flow and restricts unwanted production fluids, even when there is no viscosity difference in the produced fluids. This novel AICD senses the density difference between oil and water and uses artificial gravity to amplify the buoyancy forces while eliminating the need for downhole orientation in the completion. AICDs have effectively reduced water production and increased oil recovery since their introduction in the early 2010s. During initial production, AICDs balance the flow across the production zone. In later production, AICDs automatically restrict the rate from zones producing water. Commercially available AICDs primarily operate by sensing the viscosity difference between oil and water. In very-light oil reservoirs, such as in parts of the Middle East, there is no significant viscosity difference. Previous density-based AICDs have been rejected because buoyancy forces are often overwhelmed by fluid forces and because they needed to be oriented with respect to Earth's gravity. Density-AICDs use floats that are buoyant in water and sink in oil to control fluid production. The key to the new density-AICD is that that the floats are housed in a spinning centrifugal rotor. This spinning density selector creates centripetal forces that multiply the buoyancy force thereby magnifying the difference between oil and water. The magnified buoyancy forces are stronger than fluid friction forces and are sufficient to overcome suction forces on the valve seats. The centripetal acceleration creates an artificial gravity that is much larger than Earth's gravity, eliminating the need to orient the density-AICD downhole. The density selector is spun by the production fluid so that larger centripetal forces are created in response to a larger drawdown. The result is a density-AICD that will operate in real-world conditions, especially in the light oil formations of the Middle East. The performance of this novel density-AICD has been measured in flow loop testing and demonstrated in computer modeling. The flow loop testing achieved substantial water restriction and continued oil flow using oil and water with identical viscosities.
High-Q Transfer in Nonlinearly Coupled Mode-Locked Semiconductor Lasers (2016)

A novel four-wave mixing-based injection locking method was demonstrated earlier, whereby the optical and RF stability of a mode-locked high-Q ring laser is successfully transferred to an orthogonally coupled colliding pulse mode-locked (CPM) laser. Four-wave mixing in the common monolithically integrated saturable absorber is used to couple the crossed laser cavities, which is confirmed by the reduction in RF noise level and by the optical linewidth reduction of the lasing modes of the slave CPM laser. The four-wave mixing process was then further investigated and experimentally shown to be the primary mechanism responsible for the locking and stabilization of the slave laser. This paper discusses the above four-wave mixing technique in detail and presents an improved design by employing optical subharmonic hybrid mode-locking and by decreasing the losses inside the master ring cavity. The resulting higher stability of the master laser translates into further improvement in the RF and optical linewidths of the injection locked slave CPM laser. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the novel method for all on-chip stability transfer in the forthcoming all monolithic optical pulse source systems.
Timescales for dust variability in the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core in the last 100,000 years (1999)

The calcium (representing dust) concentration record of the last 100,000 years from the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) ice core shows a huge dynamic range (factor&gt;100). The relationship between dust concentrations and temperature (represented by the oxygen isotope ratio) is not a simple one, as has often been assumed. A rapid alternation (factor of 5–10) between low concentrations during the Dansgaard‐Oeschger interstadial periods and high levels in colder periods is superimposed on a long‐term trend encompassing a further factor of 5–10. Within climate periods, there is only a very weak relationship between Ca concentration and temperature. Previous authors [Biscaye et al., 1997] have suggested that the most likely source for the increased dust is eastern Asia. For the first time, we consider each possible cause of both rapid and slow increases from source to deposition. We suggest that, to account for the size and rapidity of the fast changes, significantly higher wind speed in the source area is required, although changes in atmospheric residence time could also play a role. For the slower long‐term variability, changes in transport speed or, possibly, route are probably also involved. Changes in the size of the source area could give some change on longer time periods. The probable importance of changes in source area wind speed, almost simultaneous with Greenland temperature changes, confirms that climatic parameters in high and low latitudes were strongly coupled through the atmosphere during glacial climatic changes. This adds to evidence that the atmospheric circulation system underwent almost instantaneous large‐scale changes during the last glacial period.
Impact of denoising on precision and accuracy of saturation‐recovery‐based myocardial T1 mapping (2017)

3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2017;46:1377-1388.
Topology Optimization of Large-Scale 3D Morphing Wingstructures (2021)

This work proposes a systematic topology optimization approach to simultaneously design the morphing functionality and actuation in three-dimensional wing structures. The actuation is assumed to be a linear strain-based expansion in the actuation material and a three-phase material model is employed to represent structural and actuating materials, and void. To ensure both structural stiffness with respect to aerodynamic loading and morphing capabilities, the optimization problem is formulated to minimize structural compliance while morphing functionality is enforced by constraining a morphing error between actual and target wing shape. Moreover, a feature mapping approach is utilized to constrain and simplify actuator geometries. A trailing edge wing section is designed to validate the proposed optimization approach. Numerical results demonstrate that three-dimensional optimized wing sections utilize a more advanced structural layout to enhance structural performance while keeping morphing functionality than two-dimensional wing ribs. The work presents the first step towards systematic design of three-dimensional morphing wing sections.