gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Productive human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection of megakaryocytic cells is enhanced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (1992)

Recent findings have indicated that megakaryocytes may be susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, suggesting a potential role for megakaryocytes as viral reservoirs in HIV-infected patients. We report that the megakaryocytic cell line Dami could be productively infected with the HTLV III-B strain of HIV-1, in 26 different experiments (results of 16 experiments are reported); productive infection lasted up to 30 weeks. Despite a lack of detectable surface expression of the CD4 molecule and very low levels of CD4 mRNA, between 40% and 60% of megakaryocytic cells produced viral proteins after contact with HIV-1. Neither cytopathogenic effects nor syncytial formation was observed. Production of high levels of functional viral particles was indicated by analysis of p24 protein levels, reverse transcriptase activity, ultrastructural studies, and the capacity of supernatants from infected Dami cells to infect the Molt-4 T-lymphocytic cell line. HIV-1 RNA and protein levels in infected Dami cells were enhanced by treatment with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and decreased by treatment with interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-gamma. Transient transfection of the megakaryocytic cells with various constructs of the HIV-1 promoter (LTR) linked to the luciferase reporter gene suggested that the effect of TNF-alpha was related, as in monocytic and T-cell lines, to transactivation of the enhancer region of the HIV-1 LTR. These findings indicate that signals provided by the immune system may modulate HIV-1 expression in cells of the megakaryocytic lineage.
First Structure of a Designed Minor Groove Binding Heterocyclic Cation that Specifically Recognizes Mixed DNA Base Pair Sequences (2017)

The high-resolution NMR structure of the first heterocyclic, non-amide, organic cation that strongly and selectively recognizes mixed AT/GC bp (bp=base pair) sequences of DNA in a 1:1 complex is described. Compound designs of this type provide essential methods for control of functional, non-genomic DNA sequences and have broad cell uptake capability, based on studies from animals to humans. The high-resolution structural studies described in this report are essential for understanding the molecular basis for the sequence-specific binding as well as for new ideas for additional compound designs for sequence-specific recognition. The molecular features, in this report, explain the mechanism of recognition of both A⋅T and G⋅C bps and are an interesting molecular recognition story. Examination of the experimental structure and the NMR restrained molecular dynamics model suggests that recognition of the G⋅C base pair involves two specific H-bonds. The structure illustrates a wealth of information on different DNA interactions and illustrates an interfacial water molecule that is a key component of the complex.
Figure S2 from Inhibition of BET Bromodomain Proteins with GS-5829 and GS-626510 in Uterine Serous Carcinoma, a Biologically Aggressive Variant of Endometrial Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Ex vivo c-Myc expression assessed by IHC on the ARK2 xenograft tumor samples, excised 1 hour, 6 hours and 12 hours after the last dose of GS-5829 at 20, 10 mg/kg, JQ1 at 50 mg/kg and vehicle for oral gavage studies, following 28 days of treatment.&lt;/p&gt;
Calibration Consistency Tool for Interferometric Radiometers (2008)

This paper presents a method to check the consistency of the amplitude calibration in interferometric radiometers devoted to Earth observation This tool is based in the intrinsic properties of the internal calibration scheme and can be used to systematically assess in-orbit the quality of the amplitude calibration coefficients. This technique is illustrated taking into account the results of the validation and system performance tests recently undertaken by the MIRAS instrument, the single payload of the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity mission of the European Space Agency.
Conotoxin contulakin-G engages a neurotensin receptor 2/R-type calcium channel (Cav2.3) pathway to mediate spinal antinociception (2021)

Intrathecal application of contulakin-G (CGX), a conotoxin peptide and a neurotensin analogue, has been demonstrated to be safe and potentially analgesic in humans. However, the mechanism of action for CGX analgesia is unknown. We hypothesized that spinal application of CGX produces antinociception through activation of the presynaptic neurotensin receptor (NTSR)2. In this study, we assessed the mechanisms of CGX antinociception in rodent models of inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Intrathecal administration of CGX, dose dependently, inhibited thermal and mechanical hypersensitivities in rodents of both sexes. Pharmacological and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 editing of NTSR2 reversed CGX-induced antinociception without affecting morphine analgesia. Electrophysiological and gene editing approaches demonstrated that CGX inhibition was dependent on the R-type voltage-gated calcium channel (Cav2.3) in sensory neurons. Anatomical studies demonstrated coexpression of NTSR2 and Cav2.3 in dorsal root ganglion neurons. Finally, synaptic fractionation and slice electrophysiology recordings confirmed a predominantly presynaptic effect. Together, these data reveal a nonopioid pathway engaged by a human-tested drug to produce antinociception.
565 A novel long-acting interleukin-7 agonist, NT-I7, increases cytotoxic CD8+ T cells and enhances survival in mouse glioma models (2020)

<h3>Background</h3> Radiation (RT) and temozolomide (TMZ), which are standard of care for patients with glioblastoma (GBM), can cause prolonged severe lymphopenia. Lymphopenia, in turn, is an independent risk factor for shorter survival. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a cytokine that is required for T cell homeostasis and proliferation. IL-7 levels are inappropriately low in GBM patients with lymphopenia. NT-I7 (efineptakin alfa) is a long-acting recombinant human IL-7 that supports the proliferation and survival CD4+ and CD8+ cells in both human and mice. We tested whether NT-I7 rescues treatment-induced lymphopenia and improves survival. <h3>Methods</h3> Immunocompetent C57BL/6 mice bearing two intracranial glioma models (GL261 and CT2A) were treated with RT (1.8 Gy/day x 5 days), TMZ (33 mg/kg/day x 5 days) and/or NT-I7 (10 mg/kg on the final day of RT completion). We profiled the CD3, CD8, CD4, FOXP3 cells in peripheral blood over time. We also immunoprofiled cervical lymph nodes, bone marrow, thymus, spleen, and the tumor 6 days after NT-I7 treatment. Survival was monitored daily. <h3>Results</h3> Median survival in mice treated with NT-I7 combined with RT was significantly longer than RT alone (GL261: 40d vs 34d, p&lt;0.0021; CT2A: 90d vs 40d, p&lt;0.0499) or NT-I7 alone (GL261: 40d vs 24d, p&lt;0.008; CT2A: 90d vs 32d, p&lt;0.0154). NT-I7 with RT was just as effective as NT-I7 combined with RT and TMZ in both GL261(40d vs 47d) and CT2A (90d vs 90d). Cytotoxic CD8+ T cells were increased in both peripheral blood (0.66 x 105 to 3.34 x 105; P≤0.0001) and tumor (0.53 x 103 to 1.83 x 103; P≤0.0001) in mice treated with NT-I7 when compared to control. Similarly, NT-I7 in combination with RT increased the CD8+ T cells in peripheral blood (0.658 x 105 to 1.839 x 105 P≤0.0001) when compared to RT alone. There were decreases in tumor infiltrating FOXP3+ T-reg cells in mice treated with NT-I7 (1.9 x 104 to 0.75 x 104 P≤0.0001) and NT-I7 + RT (1.9 x 104 to 0.59 x 104 P≤0.0001) when compared to the control group without NT-I7. In addition, NT- I7 treatment increased CD8+ T cells in thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes. <h3>Conclusions</h3> NT-I7 enhances cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes systemically and in the tumor microenvironment, and improves survival. A phase I/II trial to evaluate NT-I7 in patients with high-grade gliomas is ongoing (NCT03687957).
Nanocavity Clock Spectroscopy: Resolving Competing Exciton Dynamics in WSe2/MoSe2 Heterobilayers (2020)

Transition-metal dichalcogenide heterostructures are an emergent platform for novel many-body states from exciton condensates to nanolasers. However, their exciton dynamics are difficult to disentangle due to multiple competing processes with time scales varying over many orders of magnitude. Using a configurable nano-optical cavity based on a plasmonic scanning probe tip, the radiative (rad) and nonradiative (nrad) relaxation of intra- and interlayer excitons is controlled. Tuning their relative rates in a WSe<sub>2</sub>/MoSe<sub>2</sub> heterobilayer over 6 orders of magnitude in tip-enhanced photoluminescence spectroscopy reveals a cavity-induced crossover from nonradiative quenching to Purcell-enhanced radiation. Rate equation modeling with the interlayer charge transfer time as a reference clock allows for a comprehensive determination from the long interlayer exciton (IX) radiative lifetime τ<sub>IX</sub><sup>rad</sup> = (94 ± 27) ns to the 5 orders of magnitude faster competing nonradiative lifetime τ<sub>IX</sub><sup>nrad</sup> = (0.6 ± 0.2) ps. This approach of nanocavity clock spectroscopy is generally applicable to a wide range of excitonic systems with competing decay pathways.
2P2-F07 Development and Improvement of Master-Slave Hand with Pneumatic actuator (2008)

In this paper, we have developed a master-slave robot hand. Because of the safety issues raised by robot contact with people, we developed a robot hand that uses balloon-type pneumatic actuator with these issues in mind. The master-slave robot hands works flexibly and imitate human's hand movements by using sensor glove. But since we use ON-OFF pneumatic valves, it is difficult for an artificial muscular type actuator to control high accuracy. So we made the joint model of the five-fingered robot hand, the control system of the joint model has been designed and experimented to confirm the effectiveness of the control system. The result shows that PI control work well to use in robot hand effectively.
Impact of Side-Chain Length on the Self-Assembly of Linear-Bottlebrush Diblock Copolymers (2022)

Diblock polymers are known to self-assemble into a variety of structures, and the effects of block molecular weights and volume fractions, along with the interactions between chemically different blocks, have been extensively studied. However, the consequences of molecular architectural differences between the blocks on phase behavior, particularly self-assembly into network morphologies, are less well explored. In this work, 223 linear-bottlebrush diblock polymers were synthesized using grafting-through living ring-opening metathesis polymerization. The linear block was poly(norbornene exo,exo-dimethyl ester), while five different bottlebrush blocks were used in order of increasing side-chain length: poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-isoamyl ester), poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-3,7-dimethyloctyl ester), poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-hexahydrofarnesyl ester), poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-dihydrophytyl ester), and poly(norbornene exo,exo-di-perhydrosolanesyl ester). Diblock polymer compositions ranged from approximately 30 to 70% by volume of the linear block, with total backbone degrees of polymerization ranging from 30 to 140, and side chains containing 5–45 carbon atoms. Phase behavior was studied in the vicinity of the double gyroid network window using a combination of small-, mid-, and wide-angle X-ray scattering.
Deep Tissue Temperature Measurements by Correcting for the Effect of Bound Water on the NIR Water Spectra (2010)

Using broadband Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy, deep tissue temperature was measured non-invasively by correcting bound water effect. Results from phantoms correlated with invasive thermal probe (R2=0.93, ∆=1.1±0.91°C, 28-48°C) and temperature in in-vivo human forearms was measured.
YY1 Regulates Melanocyte Development and Function by Cooperating with MITF (2012)

Studies of coat color mutants have greatly contributed to the discovery of genes that regulate melanocyte development and function. Here, we generated Yy1 conditional knockout mice in the melanocyte-lineage and observed profound melanocyte deficiency and premature gray hair, similar to the loss of melanocytes in human piebaldism and Waardenburg syndrome. Although YY1 is a ubiquitous transcription factor, YY1 interacts with M-MITF, the Waardenburg Syndrome IIA gene and a master transcriptional regulator of melanocytes. YY1 cooperates with M-MITF in regulating the expression of piebaldism gene KIT and multiple additional pigmentation genes. Moreover, ChIP-seq identified genome-wide YY1 targets in the melanocyte lineage. These studies mechanistically link genes implicated in human conditions of melanocyte deficiency and reveal how a ubiquitous factor (YY1) gains lineage-specific functions by co-regulating gene expression with a lineage-restricted factor (M-MITF)-a general mechanism which may confer tissue-specific gene expression in multiple lineages.
Gold‐catalyzed Fluorination of Alkynyl Esters and Ketones: Efficient Access to Fluorinated 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds (2017)

We developed an efficient synthesis of 2-fluoro-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds using readily available alkynyl ketones or esters as starting material. The key step is the insertion of hydrogen fluoride (HF) to the gold carbene intermediate generated from cationic gold catalyzed addition of <i>N</i>-oxides to alkynyl ketones or esters. This method gives excellent chemical yields and regioselectivity with good functional group tolerance.
High-power operation of III-N MOSHFET RF switches (2005)

We describe a large-signal performance of novel high-power radio frequency (RF) switches based on III-nitride insulated gate metal-oxide semiconductor heterostructure field-effect transistors (MOSHFETs). The maximum switching powers for a single MOSHFET with only 1-mm gate width exceed 50W at 10GHz, more than an order of magnitude higher than those achievable using GaAs transistors. In the ON state, the highest powers are determined by the device peak drain currents, 1-2A/mm for the state-of-the art III-N MOSHFETs; in the OFF state their maximum powers are limited by the breakdown voltage, normally well above 100V. Our experimental data are in close agreement with large-signal simulations and the proposed simple analytical model. We also show that the insulating gate design allows for broader bandwidth and higher switching powers and better stability as compared to conventional Schottky gate transistors.
P3‐463: Development of conformational monoclonal antibodies that detects multiple amyloid proteins (2010)

Alzheimer's disease is the most common of the conformational neurodegenerative disorders, where the pathogenesis is linked to a normal protein undergoing a shape change into a pathological conformer with a high β-sheet content. In the case of AD this involves both amyloid β and abnormally phosphorylated tau forming toxic oligomeric structures, as well as neuritic plaques, congophilic angiopathy and neurofibrillary tangles. In the case of another conformational disorder, the prion diseases, the pathogenesis is linked to a change in the cellular prion protein (PrPC) into the disease associated PrPSc. Despite their biochemical heterogeneity the pathological conformers underlying the pathogenesis of the various conformational disorders show pathological conformation mimicry. We sought to develop monoclonal antibodies which would recognize this shared pathological conformation. We immunized mice with aggregated British amyloid (ABri) related peptides in a predominantly β-sheet conformation alone or in combination with related immunogens. ABri is a rare form of familial human amyloidosis associated with a mis-sense mutation in a stop codon resulting in the production of a highly amyloidogenic protein with no sequence homology to other native human proteins. Spleens from these immunized mice, as well as from mice with a “successful” response to vaccination from our other AD and prion vaccination experiments were used for hybridoma production with clones screened for immunoreactivity to various amyloid peptides/proteins such as Aβ42, purified neurofibrillary tangles and PrPSc. Our immunization protocol produced a number of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) which recognize multiple amyloid proteins by ELISA, Western blot and tissue immunolabeling which have no sequence homology. We report the production of several novel conformational monoclonal antibodies that recognize several disease associated peptides/proteins that show pathological conformational mimicry. Such Mabs have potential use for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) clinical practice guideline on immunotherapy for the treatment of breast cancer (2021)

Breast cancer has historically been a disease for which immunotherapy was largely unavailable. Recently, the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of advanced/metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has demonstrated efficacy, including longer progression-free survival and increased overall survival in subsets of patients. Based on clinical benefit in randomized trials, ICIs in combination with chemotherapy for the treatment of some patients with advanced/metastatic TNBC have been approved by the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA), expanding options for patients. Ongoing questions remain, however, about the optimal chemotherapy backbone for immunotherapy, appropriate biomarker-based selection of patients for treatment, the optimal strategy for immunotherapy treatment in earlier stage disease, and potential use in histological subtypes other than TNBC. To provide guidance to the oncology community on these and other important concerns, the Society for Immunotherapy of Cancer (SITC) convened a multidisciplinary panel of experts to develop a clinical practice guideline (CPG). The expert panel drew upon the published literature as well as their clinical experience to develop recommendations for healthcare professionals on these important aspects of immunotherapeutic treatment for breast cancer, including diagnostic testing, treatment planning, immune-related adverse events (irAEs), and patient quality of life (QOL) considerations. The evidence-based and consensus-based recommendations in this CPG are intended to give guidance to cancer care providers treating patients with breast cancer.
Decaying National Security and the Rise of Imagined Tribalism (2021)

In an era where the exchange of information has been radically transformed by new technologies, Brian Murphy argues that states should no longer be considered the imagined communities that underpin dominant concepts of national security. He contends that national security experts should think in terms of ‘imagined tribes’ instead.◼
One to One Atrioventricular Conduction via a Double Response with Two Levels of Block (2010)

A 49-year-old woman presented with palpitations and progressive fatigue and dyspnea. An echocardiogram demonstrated normal left ventricular function and mitral annular calcification. Telemetry monitoring demonstrated an irregular tachycardia with periods of one to one and suspected 1 to 2 atrioventricular conduction (double response) as well as atrioventricular block. After analysis of her ECG, she underwent an electrophysiology study to provide definitive diagnosis and treatment. The recorded intracardiac electrograms are shown in Figure 1. There are 3 mechanisms of block demonstrated among these 2 cycles. The first atrial depolarization is conducted through the fast pathway. The second atrial beat is conducted through the fast pathway with a normal HV and through the slow pathway with a longer HV. The third atrial depolarization is conducted slower through both the fast and slow pathway (longer AH intervals) with the slow pathway conduction blocked below the level of the His. The fourth atrial depolarization is blocked at the level of the AV node allowing for recovery of both AV nodal pathways and the infra-Hisian conduction system. The second cycle is very similar to the first, with conduction through the fast pathway, followed by conduction through the fast and slow pathways, but with a different level of block for the third atrial beat. The fast pathway conducts with additional decrement, and the slow pathway does not conduct from this atrial beat. The fourth atrial beat again blocks in the AV node. With atrial depolarization, there were 2 patterns identified. The majority of the beats demonstrated either conduction down the fast pathway to the His and ventricle, followed by slow pathway conduction to the ventricle (double response), or conduction solely down the fast pathway. Intermittently, there are nonconducted atrial depolarizations with block in both the fast and slow pathways. This was initially misdiagnosed as atrial fibrillation, which has previously been described.1,2 After the initial diagnosis was made, there were several other interesting findings. AV nodal block was the mechanism for most nonconducted atrial beats, except for intermittent infra-Hisian block (seen in Fig. 1) that could not be reproduced after ablation of the slow pathway. This may have been due to infranodal conduction disease with a preexisting left bundle branch block or transient injury to the right bundle branch from the RV catheter. Alternatively, this may have resulted from the long-short nature of the AV nodal and Hisian input to the right bundle, or may have been a combination of these possibilities. The nonconducted atrial beats were likely the result of retrograde penetration into the fast pathway from slow pathway conduction. Complete ablation of the slow pathway was necessary to correct the arrhythmia. AV nodal conduction improved following slow pathway ablation and loss of retrograde fast pathway penetration. Following the procedure, there was no evidence for recurrent arrhythmia and the patient remains symptom-free after 3 months of follow-up.
Optimal implant stabilization in low density bone (2001)

Initial stability of the implant is one of the fundamental criteria for obtaining osseointegration. An adequate primary anchorage is often difficult to achieve in low density bone (type IV). Various surgical suggestions were advanced in the 1980s which were aimed at achieving optimal osseous integration in poor quality bone. They offered satisfactory short-term results. Recently, as a result of surgical and technological innovations, new therapeutic proposals have shown very interesting results in their initial studies.
Identification of High-Level Object Manipulation Operations from Multimodal Input (2010)

Object manipulation constitutes a large part of our daily hand movements. Recognition of such movements by a robot in an interactive scenario is an issue that is rapidly gaining attention. In this paper we present an approach to identification of a class of high-level manual object manipulations. Experiments have shown that the naive approach based on classification of low-level sensor data yields poor performance. In this paper we introduce a two-stage procedure that considerably improves the identification performance. In the first stage of the procedure we estimate an intermediate representation by applying a linear preprocessor to the multimodal low-level sensor data. This mapping calculates shape, orientation and weight estimators of the interaction object. In the second stage we generate a classifier that is trained to identify high-level object manipulations given the intermediate representation based on shape, orientation and weight. The devices used in our procedure are: Immersion CyberGlove II enhanced with five tactile sensors on the fingertips (TouchGlove), nine tactile sensors to measure the change of the object's weight and a VICON multicamera system for trajectory recording. We have achieved the following recognition rates for 3600 data samples representing a sequence of manual object manipulations: 100% correct labelling of "holding", 97% of "pouring", 81% of "squeezing" and 65% of "tilting".