gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foaming Conditions of Porous Aluminum in Fabrication of ADC12 Aluminum Alloy Die Castings by Friction Stir Processing (2009)

Porous aluminum is expected to be used as a multifunctional material because of its light weight, high energy absorption and high sound-insulating properties. Recently, a precursor method based on FSP has been developed to improve the cost-effectiveness and productivity of fabricating porous aluminum. Aluminum alloy die castings have the advantages of high productivity, low cost and high recyclability. Thus, it is expected that, by using aluminum alloy die castings in the FSP route, the improved cost-effectiveness and productivity of porous aluminum can be realized. In this paper, the most important parameters of the precursor method, i.e., the holding temperature, holding time and the amount of alumina powder added to the precursor as a stabilization agent, were considered. Experiments under two sets of conditions were carried out to fabricate porous aluminum with high porosity and high quality (a uniform pore size distribution with highly spherical pores). It was shown that closed-cell porous aluminum with a porosity of about 65% was successfully fabricated using ADC12 aluminum alloy die castings. When the holding time during foaming was fixed at 12 min, high-porosity and high-quality porous aluminum was obtained by adding 10 mass% alumina at holding temperatures of 933 K and 963 K (slightly higher than the melting point of ADC12 aluminum alloy). When the amount of alumina added was restricted to 5 mass% and the holding temperature was fixed at 933 K or 963 K, it was demonstrated that high-porosity and high-quality porous aluminum can be obtained with a holding time of 10 min and a holding temperature of 933 K.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 2A (including Familial Medullary Carcinoma) and Type 2B (2000)

Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN) type 2 A and B autosomal dominant syndromes are rare endocrinopathies characterized by tumors of the C cells of the thyroid, adrenal medulla and parathyroid glands.. MEN2A have either C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) or medullary thyroid cancer (MTC), 50% pheochromocytoma (Pheo), and 20-30% hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Patients with MEN2B have a 100% incidence of CCH or MTC, Pheo (30-50%), a Marfanoid habitus and mucosal neuromas, rarely HPT. About 25% of patients with MTC have one of these familial syndromes. FMTC is a variant of MEN2A. Up to 23% of Pheo patients also have either MEN2 or von-Hippel-Lindau disease. Familial forms of these tumors are multifocal, have hyperplasia as a precursor to frank tumors and different clinical behaviors. Ultrasound, FNA cytology of the thyroid combined with immunostains is recommended to make the diagnosis. The MEN2 RET proto-oncogene, on chromosome 10 (10q11-2), is a transmembrane tyrosine kinase with a long extracellular domain, a single transmembrane region, and two cytosplasmic tyrosine kinase domains. Patients with MEN-2B typically have a point mutation in the intracellular kinase catalytic domain. The most important biomarker is calcitonin and provocative testing for elevation of TCT in response to pentagastrin or calcium helpful but the diagnosis is made by genetic testing. Fractionated metanephrines are used for pheochromocytoma and PTH for hyperparathyroidism. Screening should be done early and cure can be achieved with total thyroidectomy for MTC and adrenalectomy for pheochromocytoma. Recurrent MTC requires history, physical examination, neck ultrasound, and measurement of serum calcitonin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels every 6 months. F-DOPA PET/CT or conventional FDG PET/CT, are able to detect MTC metastases or disease progression. Treatment can be successful with a TKI such as Sunitinib, Vanetanib and Sorafenib. For complete coverage of this and related areas of Endocrinology, please visit our free online textbook, WWW.ENDOTEXT.ORG.
Microfluidic Particle Sorting in Concentrated Erythrocyte Suspensions (2019)

Many biological and medical applications of microfluidic devices involve handling blood at different concentrations (hematocrit). However, there is a lack of understanding of how high hematocrit influences device performance. The authors study the effect of hematocrit on the performance of sorting devices that are based on deterministic lateral displacement, through extensive experiments and simulation. They successfully identify several physical mechanisms that are responsible for changes in performance with hematocrit.
Supplementary Figures 1-2 from NOTCH Is Part of the Transcriptional Network Regulating Cell Growth and Survival in Mouse Plasmacytomas (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-2 from NOTCH Is Part of the Transcriptional Network Regulating Cell Growth and Survival in Mouse Plasmacytomas
Dynamics of a coplanar-electrode plasma display panel cell. I. Basic operation (1999)

Plasma display panels (PDPs) are a technology for large-area high-brightness flat panel displays. There is considerable interest in improving PDP efficiency by optimizing the cell design, input voltage characteristics, operating conditions and gas mixture. In this article, we report on a two-dimensional computer model for PDPs which has been used to investigate the operation of a coplanar-electrode PDP cell sustained in He/Ne/Xe gas mixtures. The plasma transport equations are implicitly integrated in time to enable simulation of complex gas mixtures and PDP cell designs. To resolve the details of the electron dynamics, the electron temperature is computed by solving the electron energy equation. A Monte Carlo simulation for secondary electrons and a radiation transport model for visible light emission are also employed. The basic operation of the PDP cell is described in this article. The first pulse was usually found to initiate a discharge between the top electrodes and the bottom address electrode, which was grounded. Only after a positive surface charge was formed on the bottom dielectric did the discharge shift to being between the coplanar electrodes. For our conditions, radiation from Xe2* made a larger contribution to exciting the phosphor for visible light emission than radiation from the resonance states of Xe since radiation from Xe2* is optically thin.
Solid-phase crystallization behaviors of in situ phosphorous-doped amorphous silicon films deposited using Si2H6 and PH3 (2003)

The solid-phase crystallization of in situ phosphorous-doped amorphous silicon films deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition using disilane is studied for various P concentrations and annealing temperatures. The nucleation rate is found to follow a power law with respect to the annealing time. The power index is 1.3 for P concentrations up to about 5×1019 cm−3 and decreases slightly at higher P-doping levels. The grain growth rate is enhanced as the P concentration increases, particularly above 1×1019 cm−3. The activation energy of the grain growth rate is 2.6 eV regardless of the P concentration. The final grain size in the crystallized films increases markedly for a P concentration over 1×1019 cm−3, but is almost independent of the annealing temperature. The crystallization behavior and final grain size can be represented by equations extended from those of Avrami–Johnson–Mehl using the time-dependent nucleation rate.
Plasma etching of metals: The impact of etch residues on reproducibility (2009)

status: Published
Effective noise correlation matrix structure for equalization of shallow water channels (2010)

Shallow water acoustic communication is challenging due to the delay and Doppler spread resulting from acoustic scattering from surface gravity waves. A channel estimate based decision feedback equalizer (CEB-DFE) has been shown to be very effective at mitigating these channel effects. One component of the DFE that is often overlooked is the effective noise correlation matrix. In much of the literature, the effective noise correlation matrix is approximated by a scaled identity matrix, where the scaling is assumed to be near the reciprocal of the signal to noise ratio (SNR). For the underwater channel, explicitly estimating the full effective noise correlation matrix leads to a reduction of the residual data estimation error. In this paper we show that correlated changes in channel impulse response coefficients cause the effective noise correlation matrix to have off-diagonal terms. Since the correlated changes tend to occur slowly over time, the effective noise correlation matrix is Toeplitz. An algorithm which exploits this fact to reduce computational complexity is presented and is demonstrated using experimental data.
ChemInform Abstract: Derivatives of the Triazoloquinazoline Adenosine Antagonist (CGS15943) (I) are Selective for the Human A3 Receptor Subtype. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A morphological analysis of the design space of input devices (1991)

The market now contains a bewildering variety of input devices for communication from humans to computers. This paper discusses a means to systematize these devices through morphological design space analysis, in which different input device designs are taken as points in a parametrically described design space. The design space is characterized by finding methods to generate and test design points. In a previous paper, we discussed a method for generating the space of input device designs using primitive and compositional movement operators. This allowed us to propose a taxonomy of input devices. In this paper, we summarize the generation method and explore the use of device footprint and Fitts's law as a test. We then use calculations to reason about the design space. Calculations are used to show why the mouse is a more effective device than the headmouse and where in the design space there is likely to be a more effective device than the mouse.
Both d- and l-Glucose Polyphosphates Mimic d-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate: New Synthetic Agonists and Partial Agonists at the Ins(1,4,5)P3 Receptor (2020)

Chiral sugar derivatives are potential cyclitol surrogates of the Ca<sup>2+</sup>-mobilizing intracellular messenger d-<i>myo</i>-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate [Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>]. Six novel polyphosphorylated analogues derived from both d- and l-glucose were synthesized. Binding to Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> receptors [Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>R] and the ability to release Ca<sup>2+</sup> from intracellular stores via type 1 Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>Rs were investigated. β-d-Glucopyranosyl 1,3,4-tris-phosphate, with similar phosphate regiochemistry and stereochemistry to Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>, and α-d-glucopyranosyl 1,3,4-tris-phosphate are full agonists, being equipotent and 23-fold less potent than Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>, respectively, in Ca<sup>2+</sup>-release assays and similar to Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub> and 15-fold weaker in binding assays. They can be viewed as truncated analogues of adenophostin A and refine understanding of structure-activity relationships for this Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>R agonist. l-Glucose-derived ligands, methyl α-l-glucopyranoside 2,3,6-trisphosphate and methyl α-l-glucopyranoside 2,4,6-trisphosphate, are also active, while their corresponding d-enantiomers, methyl α-d-glucopyranoside 2,3,6-trisphosphate and methyl α-d-glucopyranoside 2,4,6-trisphosphate, are inactive. Interestingly, both l-glucose-derived ligands are partial agonists: they are among the least efficacious agonists of Ins(1,4,5)P<sub>3</sub>R yet identified, providing new leads for antagonist development.
Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry as a tool to analyze hydrogen/deuterium exchange kinetics of transmembrane peptides in lipid bilayers (2000)

A method is described to study the precise positioning of transmembrane peptides in a phospholipid bilayer combining hydrogen/deuterium (H/D) exchange and nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The method was tested by using model systems consisting of designed alpha-helical transmembrane peptides [acetylGW(2)(LA)(5)W(2)Aethanolamine (WALP16) and acetyl-(GA)(3)W(2)(LA)(5)W(2)(AG)(3)ethanolamine (WALP16(+10))] incorporated in large unilamellar vesicles of 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. Both peptides consist of an alternating leucine/alanine hydrophobic core sequence flanked by tryptophan residues as interfacial anchor residues. In the case of WALP16(+10), this sequence is extended at both ends by 5-aa glycine/alanine tails extending into the aqueous phase surrounding the bilayer. H/D exchange of labile hydrogens in these peptides was monitored in time after dilution of the vesicles in buffered deuterium oxide. It was found that the peptides can be measured by direct introduction of the proteoliposome suspension into the mass spectrometer. Several distinct H/D exchange rates were observed (corresponding to half-life values varying from </=2 to approximately 2 x 10(4) min). Fast exchange rates were assigned to the water-exposed tails of WALP16(+10). For both WALP16 and WALP16(+10), intermediate exchange rates were assigned to the residues close to the membrane/water interface, and the slow exchange rates to the membrane-embedded hydrophobic core. These assignments were confirmed by results from collision-induced dissociation tandem mass spectrometry experiments, which allowed analysis of exchange of individual peptide amide linkages. This proteoliposome nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry technique is shown to be an extremely sensitive and powerful tool for revealing site-specific information on peptide-membrane interactions.
Postnatal outcome in neonates with severe Rhesus c compared to Rhesus D hemolytic disease (2012)

Postnatal outcome in neonates with severe Rh c HDFN is similar compared to neonates with severe Rh D hemolytic disease in terms of days of phototherapy, need for ET, and need for top-up transfusions. These results justify a similar postnatal management of neonates with Rh D and Rh c HDFN.
Variation in the Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Gene and Muscle Strength in Older Caucasian Women (2006)

Individuals homozygous for the CNTF null allele had significantly lower grip strength but did not exhibit overt frailty. Larger prospective studies are needed to confirm this finding and extend it to additional populations.
The Crystal Structure of the Major Cat Allergen Fel d 1, a Member of the Secretoglobin Family (2003)

The domestic cat (Felis domesticus) is one of the most important causes of allergic asthma worldwide. The dominating cat allergen, Fel d 1, is composed of two heterodimers. Recently, it has been shown that recombinant Fel d 1, consisting of chain 2 and chain 1 fused together without additional linker, has immunological properties indistinguishable from the natural heterodimeric protein. Herein, we report the crystal structure of recombinant monomeric Fel d 1 at 1.85-A resolution, determined by multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction using selenomethionine substituted protein. Fel d 1 is an all-helical protein and consists of eight helices. The two halves of the recombinant Fel d 1 molecule, corresponding to the wild-type Fel d 1 chains, are very similar in three-dimensional structure, despite the lack of significant sequence identity. The structure of the Fel d 1 presents a striking similarity to that of uteroglobin, a steroid-inducible cytokine-like molecule with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. An internal, asymmetric cavity is formed in the Fel d 1 that could bind an endogenous ligand. The distribution of residues lining this cavity suggests that such a ligand must be amphipathic. The structure of Fel d 1 displays the localization of three previously defined Fel d 1 IgE epitopes on the surface of the protein. The three-dimensional structure provides a framework for rational design of hypoallergenic mutants aimed for treatment of cat allergy.
Regulation of prostasin expression and function in the prostate (2003)

Prostasin's expression and function are regulated by factors in the prostate tissue environment.
Conformer interconversion in a switchable porous organic cage (2011)

Porous organic cage crystals can show unique properties, such as switching from being porous to non-porous in the solid state. Conformer interconversion plays a crucial role in this for the imine cage molecule, CC1. The barriers to interconversion were calculated and found to match experimentally determined values. Calculations suggest that solvent interactions reduce these activation barriers.
Two-Dimensional Field Mapping of GaAs Microstrip Circuit by Electro-optic Sampling (1991)

Electro-optic sampling is a useful technique to study the electric field distribution in a GaAs microstrip circuit.[1] It has an extremely wide bandwidth capability and, can perform the measurement without physical or electrical contact to the device. However, most of the results of the experiments that had been reported were only point measurement; measuring the electric field at one particular point or discrete locations in the circuit. For some applications, this measurement does not provide adequate information. Two dimensional field distribution can be easily measured by electro-optic sampling because of its noncontact feature. W. Donaldson performed a 2-dimensional measurement with a 2-dimensional diode array[2]. After the polarized incoming light interacted with the electric field, the image of the reflected light which carried the field distribution information was focused on to a 2-dimensional diode array. The acquired data were then displayed on a computer monitor. This method has very good temporal resolution, but very low sensitivity. It requires a high power laser and can only measure strong electric field. These limit its application, making the method unsuitable for characterizing a regular GaAs device.
CC-chemokine ligand 2 inhibition in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a phase 2 trial of carlumab (2015)

The objective of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of carlumab in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).A phase 2, randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled dose-ranging study was conducted in patients with IPF (n=126). Patients were randomised to carlumab (1 mg·kg(-1), 5 mg·kg(-1), or 15 mg·kg(-1)) or placebo every 4 weeks. The primary endpoint was the rate of percentage change in forced vital capacity (FVC). Secondary endpoints were time to disease progression, absolute change in FVC, relative change in diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO), and St George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) total score.Due to a pre-planned, unfavourable interim benefit-risk analysis, dosing was suspended. The rate of percentage change in FVC showed no treatment effect (placebo -0.582%, 1 mg·kg(-1) -0.533%, 5 mg·kg(-1) -0.799% and 15 mg·kg(-1) -0.470%; p=0.261). All active treatment groups showed a greater decline in FVC (1 mg·kg(-1) -290 mL, 5 mg·kg(-1) -370 mL and 15 mg·kg(-1) -320 mL) compared with placebo (-130 mL). No effect on disease progression, DLCO, infection rates or mortality was observed. SGRQ scores showed a nonsignificant trend toward worsening with active treatment. Unexpectedly, free CC-chemokine ligand 2 levels were elevated above baseline at both 24 and 52 weeks. A higher proportion of patients with one or more serious adverse events was observed in the 5 mg·kg(-1) group (53.1%) compared with 1 mg·kg(-1) (15.2%), 15 mg·kg(-1) (21.9%) and placebo (46.4%), although no unexpected serious adverse events were noted.Although dosing was stopped prematurely, it is unlikely that carlumab provides benefit to IPF patients.
In vivo, high-resolution analysis of yeast and mammalian RNA-protein interactions, RNA structure, RNA splicing and ribozyme cleavage by use of terminal transferase-dependent PCR (2000)

We have investigated the analysis of RNA by use of terminal transferase-dependent PCR (TDPCR), a procedure previously used for the analysis of DNA and chromatin [J.Komura and A.D.Riggs, Nucleic Acids Res., 26, 1807-1811 (1998)]. When preceded by reverse transcription (RT), TDPCR provides an extremely sensitive, versatile, quantitative and nucleotide-level assay for detecting RNA lesions or structures that block primer extension during the RT step. The procedure is: (i) RT using a gene-specific oligonucleotide; (ii) ribo-tailing of the singlestranded cDNA product by use of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase; (iii) ligation of a DNA linker to the tailed cDNA by use of T4 DNA ligase; and (iv) PCR using a nested, gene-specific primer and a linker-specific primer. This procedure combines the versatility of a primer extension assay with nucleotidelevel resolution, the specificity of nested primers and the sensitivity of PCR. Band patterns obtained are reproducible and quantifiable. We successfully used the technique for the study of yeast RNA structure, splicing intermediates and ribozyme cleavage. Also, in vivo footprint experiments, using mammalian cells and RNase T1, revealed the binding of iron-responsive element binding protein to iron responsive elements in the mRNAs of transferrin receptor and ferritin Hchain.
Stiff and Transparent Multilayer Thin Films Prepared Through Hydrogen‐Bonding Layer‐by‐Layer Assembly of Graphene and Polymer (2016)

Due to their exceptional orientation of 2D nanofillers, layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembled polymer/graphene oxide thin films exhibit unmatched mechanical performance relative to any conventionally produced counterparts with similar composition. Unprecedented mechanical property improvement, by replacing graphene oxide with pristine graphene, is demonstrated in this work. Polyvinylpyrrolidone‐stabilized graphene platelets are alternately deposited with poly(acrylic acid) using hydrogen bonding assisted LbL assembly. Transmission electron microscopy imaging and the Halpin‐Tsai model are used to demonstrate, for the first time, that intact graphene can be processed from water to generate polymer nanocomposite thin films with simultaneous parallel‐alignment, high packing density, and exfoliation. A multilayer thin film with only 3.9 vol% of highly exfoliated, and structurally intact graphene, increases the elastic modulus ( E ) of a polymer multilayer thin film by 322% (from 1.41 to 4.81 GPa), while maintaining visible light transmittance of ≈90%. This is one of the greatest improvements in elastic modulus ever reported for a graphene‐filled polymer nanocomposite with a glassy ( E &gt; 1 GPa) matrix. The technique described here provides a powerful new tool to improve nanocomposite properties (mechanical, gas transport, etc.) that can be universally applied to a variety of polymer matrices and 2D nanoplatelets.
Liquid crystal devices for optical communication and information processing systems (1993)

Abstract This paper reviews liquid crystal optical devices including tunable filters, photonic switches and spatial light modulators, and examines their application to optical communication and information processing systems. Optical processing has three major advantages: massive parallelism, high speed and broad wavebands. Compared with typical optical materials including silica, semiconductors and inorganic electrooptic crystals used in communication systems, a liquid crystal has a number of outstanding features including its large refractive index change and large polarization rotation power at a low voltage. These features make it possible to develop new optical components.