gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Global revascularization: the role of the cardiologist (2000)

There are compelling reasons for cardiologists to undertake a more global approach to patients with peripheral vascular diseases: atherosclerosis is a 'systemic' disease frequently causing both coronary and peripheral vascular problems in the same patient; coronary artery disease is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with peripheral vascular disease; and peripheral vascular disease negatively impacts the management of angina pectoris and congestive heart failure. There are four major areas of special interest to the cardiologist: (1) iliac arteries (vascular access), (2) renal arteries (hypertension and volume overload), (3) subclavian arteries (coronary steal with a left internal mammary artery [LIMA] graft), and (4) carotid arteries (stroke). Technical skills necessary to perform coronary angioplasty are transferable to the peripheral vasculature. However, an understanding of the natural history of peripheral disease, patient and lesion selection criteria, and knowledge of other treatment alternatives are essential to performing these procedures safely and effectively. Appropriate preparation and training, and a team approach, including an experienced vascular surgeon, are both desirable and necessary before interventional cardiologists who are inexperienced in the treatment of peripheral vascular disease attempt percutaneous peripheral angioplasty. There are inherent advantages for patients when the cardiologist performing the procedure is also a clinician. Judgments regarding the indications, timing, and risk/benefit ratio of procedures are enhanced by a long-term relationship between physician and patient. Finally, in view of the increased incidence of coronary artery disease in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral vascular disease, the participation of a cardiologist in their care seems appropriate.
WLC04-6: Network Coordination and Interference Mitigation for HSDPA and EV-DO Forward Link (2006)

To provision the enhanced support for wireless Internet services, high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) was standardized in 3GPP. It offers peak air interface data rates of up to 14.4 Mbps with 5 Mhz bandwidth, thus dramatically improving the existing packet service capability of UMTS R99. At the same time, Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) has been standardized in 3GPP2 to provide up to 4.9 Mbps throughput with 1.25 Mhz bandwidth. However, because of inter-cell interferences, users in the cell edge area generally cannot enjoy the higher data rate supported by the standard. Moreover, to meet the system fairness criterion, a base station usually needs to allocate un-proportional radio resource to these users. In this paper, we propose a simple interference mitigation scheme to enhance cell edge user data rate through network coordination. It is demonstrated through extensive simulations that the scheme significantly improves cell edge user throughput without lowering the total system capacity and spectral efficiency.
Rank-ordered error diffusion: method and applications (2007)

We present a specialized form of error diffusion that addresses certain long-standing problems associated with operating on images possessing halftone structure as well as other images with local high contrast. For instance, when rendering an image to printable form via quantization reduction, image quality defects often result if that image is a scanned halftone. Rendering such an image via conventional error diffusion typically produces fragmented dots, which can appear grainy and be unstable in printed density. Rendering by simple thresholding or rehalftoning often produces moire, and descreening blurs the image. Another difficulty arises in printers that utilize a binary image path, where an image is rasterized directly to halftone form. In that form it is very difficult to perform basic image processing operations such as applying a digital tone reproduction curve. The image processing operator introduced in this paper, rank-order error diffusion (ROED), has been developed to address these problems. ROED utilizes brightness ranking of pixels within a diffusion mask to diffuse quantization error at a pixel. This approach to diffusion results in an imagestructure- adaptive quantization with many useful properties. The present paper describes the basic methodology of ROED as well as several applications.
Systems-wide Analysis of K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4 Signaling by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics (2013)

Although K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4 signaling are commonly deregulated in cancer, only a few studies have sought to comprehensively examine the spectrum of phosphorylation-mediated signaling downstream of each of these key signaling nodes. In this study, we completed a label-free quantitative analysis of oncogenic K-Ras, activated Cdc42, and PAK4-mediated phosphorylation signaling, and report relative quantitation of 2152 phosphorylated peptides on 1062 proteins. We define the overlap in phosphopeptides regulated by K-Ras, Cdc42, and PAK4, and find that perturbation of these signaling components affects phosphoproteins associated with microtubule depolymerization, cytoskeletal organization, and the cell cycle. These findings provide a resource for future studies to characterize novel targets of oncogenic K-Ras signaling and validate biomarkers of PAK4 inhibition.
A Novel Phenyl Group Migration during Pyrolysis and Photolysis of Bis-(2,3,5,5-tetraphenyl-2-dihydrofuranyl)-hydrazine (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Phenyl Group Migration during Pyrolysis and Photolysis of Bis-(2,3,5,5-tetraphenyl-2-dihydrofuranyl)-hydrazineRobert E. Lutz, John I. Dale, and David W. BoykinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 15, 2340–2341Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00898a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00898a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views31Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: Ureas as Backbone Replacements for the Phosphodiester Linkage in Oligonucleotides. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Architectural Design Criteria for F-Block Metal Ion Sequestering Agents (1999)

The objective of this project is to provide the means to optimize ligand architecture for f-block metal recognition. Our strategy builds on an innovative and successful molecular modeling approach in developing polyether ligand design criteria for the alkali and alkaline earth cations. The hypothesis underlying this proposal is that differences in metal ion binding with multidentate ligands bearing the same number and type of donor groups are primarily attributable to intramolecular steric factors. We propose quantifying these steric factors through the application of molecular mechanics models. The proposed research involves close integration of theoretical and experimental chemistry. The experimental work entails synthesizing novel ligands and experimentally determining structures and binding constants for metal ion complexation by series of ligands in which architecture is systematically varied. The theoretical work entails using electronic structure calculations to parameterize a molecular mechanics force field for a range of metal ions and ligand types. The resulting molecular mechanics force field will be used to predict low energy structures for unidentate, bidentate, and multidentate ligands and their metal complexes through conformational searches. Results will be analyzed to assess the relative importance of several steric factors including optimal M-L length, optimal geometry at the metal center, optimal geometry at the donor atoms (complementarity), and conformation prior to binding (preorganization). An accurate set of criteria for the design of ligand architecture will be obtained from these results. These criteria will enable researchers to target ligand structures for synthesis and thereby dramatically reduce the time and cost associated with metal-specific ligand development.
Metabolic perturbations associated with the consumption of a ketogenic medium-chain TAG diet in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (2018)

Consumption of diets containing medium-chain TAG (MCT) has been shown to confer neuroprotective effects. We aim to identify the global metabolic perturbations associated with consumption of a ketogenic diet (medium-chain TAG diet (MCTD)) in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy. We used ultra-performance liquid chromatography-MS (UPLC-MS) to generate metabolic and lipidomic profiles of fasted canine serum and made comparisons between the MCTD and standardised placebo diet phases. We identified metabolites that differed significantly between diet phases using metabolite fragmentation profiles generated by tandem MS (UPLC-MS/MS). Consumption of the MCTD resulted in significant differences in serum metabolic profiles when compared with the placebo diet, where sixteen altered lipid metabolites were identified. Consumption of the MCTD resulted in reduced abundances of palmitoylcarnitine, octadecenoylcarnitine, stearoylcarnitine and significant changes, both reduced and increased abundances, of phosphatidylcholine (PC) metabolites. There was a significant increase in abundance of the saturated C17 : 0 fatty acyl moieties during the MCTD phase. Lysophosphatidylcholine (17 : 0) (P=0·01) and PC (17:0/20:4) (P=0·03) were both significantly higher in abundance during the MCTD. The data presented in this study highlight global changes in lipid metabolism, and, of particular interest, in the C17 : 0 moieties, as a result of MCT consumption. Elucidating the global metabolic response of MCT consumption will not only improve the administration of current ketogenic diets for neurological disease models but also provides new avenues for research to develop better diet therapies with improved neuroprotective efficacies. Future studies should clarify the involvement and importance of C17 : 0 moieties in endogenous MCT metabolic pathways.
Cellular localization and photodynamic effect of chlorine6-monoclonal antibody conjugate (2005)

Chlorin e6(Ce6) was conjugated with anti-tumor monoclonal antibody ( IgG ) to increase its binding affinity for tumors. Ce 6 was activated by N -hydroxysulfosuccinimide and conjugated with IgG via peptide bonds, and Ce 6 molecules were conjugated with IgG ( IgG - Ce 6) and their binding affinities to tumor cells were investigated. Intracellular localization of IgG - Ce 6 was observed, and IgG - Ce 6 was accumulated in tumor cells much higher than Ce 6, indicating that the IgG - Ce 6 has specific binding affinity to tumor cells. The effective photocytotoxicity of the cells with IgG - Ce 6 is caused by the high accumulation of IgG - Ce 6 in tumor cells.
Towards 7x improvement in battery life of mobile devices (2016)

Mobile devices are severely battery constrained. While smartphone capabilities have increased manifold in the last ten years, the battery energy density has only doubled. At MSR, we have been exploring several techniques to improve the battery life of mobile devices. In this talk I will cover some of them, and conclude with some perspective on how we can achieve the vision of having a phone last a week without recharge under normal usage.
Neutralization of HIV-1 Infection of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMC): Infectivity Reduction Method (2003)

The serum titration neutralization assay described in Chapter 33 utilizes a constant amount of infectious virus and indirectly estimates the antibody-mediated reduction in infectious virus by measuring p24 antigen expressed by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). The assay assumes a direct relationship between expressed p24 antigen and the number of target PBMC infected. Therefore, the optimal time of p24 antigen measurement may vary due to different growth kinetics among viruses. An infectivity reduction assay (IRA) directly measures the effect of antibody on virus endpoint infectious titer. The IRA is more labor-intensive and requires more serum than the antibody titration assay, and it is generally done with a single dilution of antibody. However, it has the important advantage of directly measuring the effect of antibody on virus median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50). In addition, the IRA is unaffected by variation in virus growth kinetics and therefore is theoretically more suitable for comparing neutralization among diverse virus isolates. The assay described below calculates virus TCID50 by serially diluting virus stock in quadruplicate wells with phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated PBMC. Wells are scored positive or negative for HIV-1 infection by measuring expressed p24 antigen after eight days in culture. Results are expressed as the antibody-mediated reduction in virus TCID50 (i.e., ratio of virus TCID50 in control sera to TCID50 in test sera).
Fuel Octane Effects in the Partially Premixed Combustion Regime in Compression Ignition Engines (2009)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Previous work has showed that it may be advantageous to use fuels of lower cetane numbers compared to today's diesel fuels in compression ignition engines. The benefits come from the longer ignition delays that these fuels have. There is more time available for the fuel and air to mix before combustion starts which is favourable for achieving low emissions of NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and smoke though premixing usually leads to higher emissions of CO and unburned hydrocarbons.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;In the present work, operation of a single-cylinder light-duty compression ignition engine on four different fuels of different octane numbers, in the gasoline boiling range, is compared to running on a diesel fuel. The gasoline fuels have research octane numbers (RON) of 91, 84, 78, and 72. These are compared at a low load/low speed condition (4 bar IMEP / 1200 rpm) in SOI sweeps as well as at a higher load and speeds (10 bar IMEP / 2000 and 3000 rpm) in EGR sweeps. There is a NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; advantage for the 91 RON and 84 RON fuels at the lower load. At the higher load, NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; levels can be reduced by increasing EGR for all gasolines while maintaining much lower smoke levels compared to the diesel. In the conditions studied, the optimum RON range might be between 75 and 85.&lt;/div&gt;
Pharmacological enhancement of KCC2 gene expression exerts therapeutic effects on human Rett syndrome neurons and Mecp2 mutant mice (2019)

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a neurodevelopmental disorder caused by mutations in the methyl CpG binding protein 2 (<i>MECP2</i>) gene. There are currently no approved treatments for RTT. The expression of K<sup>+</sup>/Cl<sup>-</sup> cotransporter 2 (KCC2), a neuron-specific protein, has been found to be reduced in human RTT neurons and in RTT mouse models, suggesting that KCC2 might play a role in the pathophysiology of RTT. To develop neuron-based high-throughput screening (HTS) assays to identify chemical compounds that enhance the expression of the <i>KCC2</i> gene, we report the generation of a robust high-throughput drug screening platform that allows for the rapid assessment of <i>KCC2</i> gene expression in genome-edited human reporter neurons. From an unbiased screen of more than 900 small-molecule chemicals, we have identified a group of compounds that enhance KCC2 expression termed KCC2 expression-enhancing compounds (KEECs). The identified KEECs include U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs that are inhibitors of the fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) or glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) pathways and activators of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) and transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 (TRPV1) pathways. Treatment with hit compounds increased KCC2 expression in human wild-type (WT) and isogenic <i>MECP2</i> mutant RTT neurons, and rescued electrophysiological and morphological abnormalities of RTT neurons. Injection of KEEC KW-2449 or piperine in <i>Mecp2</i> mutant mice ameliorated disease-associated respiratory and locomotion phenotypes. The small-molecule compounds described in our study may have therapeutic effects not only in RTT but also in other neurological disorders involving dysregulation of KCC2.
A mRNA Signal for the Type III Secretion of Yop Proteins by Yersinia enterocolitica (1997)

Pathogenic Yersinia species have a specialized secretion system (type III) to target cytotoxic Yop proteins during infection. The signals of YopE and YopN sufficient for the secretion of translational reporter fusions were mapped to the first 15 codons. No common amino acid or peptide sequence could be identified among the secretion signals. Systematic mutagenesis of the secretion signal yielded mutants defective in Yop translation; however, no point mutants could be identified that specifically abolished secretion. Frameshift mutations that completely altered the peptide sequences of these signals also failed to prevent secretion. Thus, the signal that leads to the type III secretion of Yop proteins appears to be encoded in their messenger RNA rather than the peptide sequence.
The Electrochemical Society, Inc. Meeting Program (181st), Held in St. Louis, Missouri on May 17-22, 1992. Including: State-of-the-Art Program on Compound Semiconductors XVI, Fullerenes: Chemistry, Physics, and New Directions, Quantum Confinement, Micromachining and Microstructures, Electronics/Dielectric Science and Technology Joint Recent News Papers (1991)

The Fullerene Symposium is organized with the intention of providing a forum for the presentation of latest developments on these fascinating new allotropes of carbon. Papers on recent advances or on the state of the field are solicited in the following areas; Fundamental understanding of the Physical Properties and Structures, Synthesis and separation, Chemical reactions and new derivative, Charge transfer reactions and electrochemistry, Conductivity and super conductivity, Possible applications and New directions.
Tip–sample distance dependency of non-contact atomic force microscopy images on a GaAs(110) surface (2004)

Tip–sample interactions are at the origin of atomic resolution in non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) but also make it difficult to understand the meaning of atomic features observed as NC-AFM images. (110) surfaces of III–V semiconductors such as GaAs or InP have relaxed (1 × 1) surfaces with both anions and cations of different dangling bond states. Since these atoms are located at the surface where an atom attached to the tip apex can reach to interact with them and show significant relaxation via tip–sample interaction, NC-AFM images of the surface are expected to strongly depend upon the atomic species or the electronic state of the topmost atom at the tip apex. We have taken a number of NC-AFM images of GaAs(110) surfaces with a Si tip by means of room-temperature ultra-high vacuum NC-AFM and categorized them into two types of image which have different tip–sample distance dependencies. In comparison with a theoretical prediction of tip–surface interaction on the GaAs(110) surface, we have found that one of these images is due to a Si atom attached to the apex which reveals the tip–sample interaction with As and Ga surface atoms as individual peaks in the NC-AFM image.
Properties of a Biophotovoltaic Nanodevice (2008)

Properties of an on-chip photovoltaic nanodevice are demonstrated. The dyes comprise green florescent proteins (GFP). Dependence of recently reported zero external potential bias (ZEPB) photocurrent (I) on temperature, power, and wavelength (λ) is shown. Correlation between UV−vis spectrum of the GFP and the ZEPB I(λ) of the device is reported. The temperature dependence suggests the ZEPB photocurrent to reflect a liquid crystal type ordering where the current declines monotonically with increasing temperature. The influence of an external bias on the photocurrent is demonstrated. The resulting light-induced current is analyzed in terms of resistive and quantum mechanical contributions.
The Effect of Chocolate on Human and Gut Microbial Metabolic Interactions: Emphasis on Human Health and Nutritional Status (2012)

One of the greatest scientific challenges in modern nutrition is to decipher the key metabolic interactions between food and human metabolism and to understand its role in health and wellness.


Despite the growing evidence on the health benefits associated with chocolate, the mechanisms of action of chocolate bioactive components at the molecular level are poorly understood.


Recent analytical advances now provide comprehensive approaches for monitoring the nutritional effects at the levels in multiple biochemical pathways using integrative systemic metabolic and microbiome profiling.


Through the rigorous characterization of interactions between the diet, human metabolism, and the microbiota, metabonomics is providing new ventures for modulating the microbiota toward the improvement of human health.
Comparison of Ligation-Mediated PCR Methods in Differentiation ofMycobacterium tuberculosisStrains (2014)

Fast and inexpensive identification of epidemiological links between limited number of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains is required to initially evaluate hospital outbreaks, laboratory crosscontaminations, and family or small community transmissions. The ligation-mediated PCR methods (LM-PCR) appear sufficiently discriminative and reproducible to be considered as a good candidate for such initial, epidemiological analysis. Here, we compared the discriminative power of the recently developed in our laboratory fast ligation amplification polymorphism (FLAP) method with fast ligation-mediated PCR (FLiP). Verification of the results was based on analyzing a set of reference strains and RFLP-IS6110 typing. The HGDI value was very similar for both LM-PCR methods and RFLP-IS6110 typing. However, only 52% of strains were correspondingly grouped by both FLiP and FLAP methods. Differentiation by FLAP method demonstrated a limited similarity to IS6110-RFLP (37,7%). As much as 78,7% of strains were grouped identically when differentiated by FLiP and IS6110-RFLP methods. The analysis differentiated 31, 35, and 36 groups when using FLAP, FLiP, and RFLP-IS6110 methods, respectively.
Acute Variations in Retinal Vascular Oxygen Content in a Rabbit Model of Retinal Venous Occlusion (2012)

We demonstrate, for the first time, acute changes in the intravascular oxygen content of retinal vessels 1 hour after RVO. These changes are reversible upon spontaneous recannulation of retinal vessels. This study demonstrates that hyperspectral computer tomographic spectroscopy based oximetry can detect physiological variations in intravascular retinal oxygen saturation. The study also provides the first qualitative and quantitative evidence of the variation in retinal vascular oxygen content directly attributable to an acute retinal vein occlusion.