gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Active Surveillance: A Potential Strategy for Select Patients with Small Renal Masses (2011)

Increased abdominal imaging has led to the significant incidental detection of clinically localized renal masses. While the gold standard remains surgical excision, mortality rates from kidney cancer remain relatively unchanged implying that a proportion of small renal masses may be indolent tumors that do not require surgical intervention. As a result, active surveillance has emerged as an alternative management strategy in select patients with significant competing risks. Although the contemporary literature characterizing the natural history of untreated small renal masses is limited, recent data demonstrate that many incidental renal masses demonstrate slow growth kinetics with a low rate of progression to metastatic disease over an intermediate time period. Prospective trials are necessary to define entry and intervention criteria for active surveillance protocols.
Multi-Disciplinary Design Optimization for Large-Scale Reverse Osmosis Systems (2014)

Large-scale desalination plants are complex systems with many inter-disciplinary interactions and different levels of subsystem hierarchy. Advanced complex systems design tools have been shown to have a positive impact on design in aerospace and automotive, but have generally not been used in the design of water systems. This work presents a multi-disciplinary design optimization approach to desalination system design to minimize the total water production cost of a 30,000m3/day capacity reverse osmosis plant situated in the Middle East, with a focus on comparing monolithic with distributed optimization architectures. A hierarchical multi-disciplinary model is constructed to capture the entire system's functional components and subsystem interactions. Three different multi-disciplinary design optimization (MDO) architectures are then compared to find the optimal plant design that minimizes total water cost. The architectures include the monolithic architecture multidisciplinary feasible (MDF), individual disciplinary feasible (IDF) and the distributed architecture analytical target cascading (ATC). The results demonstrate that an MDF architecture was the most efficient for finding the optimal design, while a distributed MDO approach such as analytical target cascading is also a suitable approach for optimal design of desalination plants, but optimization performance may depend on initial conditions.
A new approach in low noise direct digital synthesis based on a fractional-N frequency divider (2011)

Frequency synthesisers in subsampling systems are often a crucial point. In order to achieve a small frequency offset between two signals a fine frequency resolution is required. Therefore a direct digital synthesiser with a frequency resolution of a few Hz would be fine but these systems suffer from unwanted spurious content resulting in a bad phase noise performance. This paper presents a new approach in direct digital synthesis for signals with small frequency offset based on a fractional-N frequency divider. The basic concept as well as a realization of the system are presented. Measurements of this first prototype show a good spurious and phase noise performance.
Sympathetic nervous tone limits the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (2020)

Sympathetic nerves that innervate lymphoid organs regulate immune development and function by releasing norepinephrine that is sensed by immune cells via their expression of adrenergic receptors. Here, we demonstrate that ablation of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) signaling suppresses tumor immunity, and we dissect the mechanism of such immune suppression. We report that disruption of the SNS in mice removes a critical α-adrenergic signal required for maturation of myeloid cells in normal and tumor-bearing mice. In tumor-bearing mice, disruption of the α-adrenergic signal leads to the accumulation of immature myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) that suppress tumor immunity and promote tumor growth. Furthermore, we show that these SNS-responsive MDSCs drive expansion of regulatory T cells via secretion of the alarmin heterodimer S100A8/A9, thereby compounding their immunosuppressive activity. Our results describe a regulatory framework in which sympathetic tone controls the development of innate and adaptive immune cells and influences their activity in health and disease.
ChemInform Abstract: Review of Old Chemistry and New Catalytic Advances in the On‐Purpose Synthesis of Butadiene (2014)

Abstract Review: 246 refs.
Novel Nanoconjugate of Apamin and Ceftriaxone for Management of Diabetic Wounds (2022)

Diabetic hyperglycemia delays wound healing, leading to serious consequences. Topical antibiotics can reduce the risk of a wound infection during healing; nevertheless, the microbial fight against antibiotics brings about public health challenges. Anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) belong to a novel class of drug that is used to prevent and treat systemic and topical infections. The aim of the current work was to achieve better wound healing in diabetic rats by conjugating the anti-microbial peptide "apamin" (APA) with the broad-spectrum antibiotic "ceftriaxone" (CTX) to form a nanocomplex. The CTX-APA nanoconjugate formulation was optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The optimized CTX-APA nanoconjugate formulation was evaluated for its size and zeta potential, and was then examined using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The CTX-APA nanoconjugate was loaded onto a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (2% <i>w</i>/<i>v</i>)-based hydrogel. It was observed that the application of the CTX-APA nanocomplex on the wounded skin of diabetic rats accelerated the regeneration of the epithelium, granulation tissue formation, epidermal proliferation, and keratinization. The nanocomplex was capable of significantly reducing the expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6), while increasing the expression of transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) as well as the angiogenic markers: hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Conclusively, the application of an ion-paired CTX-APA nanocomplex enhances wound healing in diabetic rats.
A Close Look at a Systematic Method for Analyzing Sets of Security Advice (2022)

We carry out a detailed analysis of the security advice coding method (SAcoding) of Barrera et al. (2021), which is designed to analyze security advice in the sense of measuring actionability and categorizing advice items as practices, policies, principles, or outcomes. The main part of our analysis explores the extent to which a second coder's assignment of codes to advice items agrees with that of a first, for a dataset of 1013 security advice items nominally addressing Internet of Things devices. More broadly, we seek a deeper understanding of the soundness and utility of the SAcoding method, and the degree to which it meets the design goal of reducing subjectivity in assigning codes to security advice items. Our analysis results in suggestions for modifications to the coding tree methodology, and some recommendations. We believe the coding tree approach may be of interest for analysis of qualitative data beyond security advice datasets alone.
Theoretical Analysis of Oxygen Diffusion in monoclinic HfO2 (2003)

In this report, we present the detailed analysis of the interstitial oxygen (O2+, O0, O2-) diffusion in monoclinic HfO2 (hafnia) using the first principles calculations. The interstitial oxygen atom kicks out the oxygen atom at the 3-fold-site and occupies the 3-fold-site. And then the newly kicked-out interstitial oxygen atom jumps to the nearest neighbor site and couples again with the atoms at the crystal sites. This kick-out- mechanism is valid for all charge states of the interstitial oxygen in monoclinic HfO2. In hafnia, the interstitial oxygen atom can take 3 charge states (+2, 0, -2) depending on the chemical potential (Ef), whereas the oxygen-vacancy in hafnia can get +2 or 0 charge state being dependent on Ef. In the lower range of Ef, O2+ and O0 might contribute. In the middle range of Ef, the O2- does not contribute to the diffusion process in hafnia because of the pair annihilation process between O2- and oxygen vacancy (V2+) defect pair. We can simulate such a pair annihilation process in hafnia. In the higher range, O2- might contribute the diffusion process.
AM-PM characteristics of low noise block converters (2009)

Low noise block converter is one of the key nonlinear devices for spectrum sharing between IMT-A and FSS on 3GHz band based on the result of World Radiocommunication Conference 07. We measured AM-PM characteristics of several off-the-shelf Low Noise Block converters (LNBs) and compare the characteristics with conventional nonlinear device models. On measuring AM-PM characteristics of LNBs, LNBs have frequency conversion function and their local oscillator may not be stable in a long period for the measurement. Then we propose a method for AM-PM measurement which eases required frequency tuning accuracy of the measurement system. The results show that conventional models fit well on the whole, however there are rooms to be improved in their accuracy and usability. Then, in this paper, we also propose a novel AM-PM model based on the concept of the Rapp's AM-AM model.
Mapping the evolution of T cell states during response and resistance to adoptive cellular therapy (2021)

To elucidate mechanisms by which T cells eliminate leukemia, we study donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI), an established immunotherapy for relapsed leukemia. We model T cell dynamics by integrating longitudinal, multimodal data from 94,517 bone marrow-derived single T cell transcriptomes in addition to chromatin accessibility and single T cell receptor sequencing from patients undergoing DLI. We find that responsive tumors are defined by enrichment of late-differentiated T cells before DLI and rapid, durable expansion of early differentiated T cells after treatment, highly similar to "terminal" and "precursor" exhausted subsets, respectively. Resistance, in contrast, is defined by heterogeneous T cell dysfunction. Surprisingly, early differentiated T cells in responders mainly originate from pre-existing and novel clonotypes recruited to the leukemic microenvironment, rather than the infusion. Our work provides a paradigm for analyzing longitudinal single-cell profiling of scenarios beyond adoptive cell therapy and introduces Symphony, a Bayesian approach to infer regulatory circuitry underlying T cell subsets, with broad relevance to exhaustion antagonists across cancers.
NANE: Identifying Misuse Cases Using Temporal Norm Enactments (2016)

Recent data breaches in domains such as healthcare where confidentiality of data is crucial indicate that breaches often originate from misuses, not only from vulnerabilities in the technical (software or hardware) architecture. Current requirements engineering (RE) approaches determine what access control mechanisms are needed to protect sensitive resources (assets). However, current RE approaches inadequately characterize how a user is expected to interact with others in relation to the relevant assets. Consequently, a requirements analyst cannot readily identify misuses by legitimate users. We adopt social norms as a natural, formal means of characterizing user interactions whereby potential misuses map to norm violations. Our research goal is to help analysts identify misuse cases by formal reasoning about norm enactments. We propose Nane, a formal framework for identifying such misuse cases using a semiautomated process. We demonstrate how Nane enables monitoring of potential misuses on a healthcare scenario.
Cooperative behavior in the periodically modulated Wiener process: Noise-induced complexity in a model neutron (1994)

We consider a periodically modulated random walk (Wiener process) to an absorbing barrier with a deterministic reset to the starting point following each barrier crossing. Cooperative effects arising from the interplay between the noise and periodic modulation are analyzed as they manifest themselves in two statistical measures of the response: the passage time statistics of the process and the power spectral density of the output. Simple relationships exist between the extrema that occur in these two characterizations. The spectral properties of the response are seen to bear a striking resemblance to the stochastic resonance phenomenon that is known to occur in periodically driven noisy nonlinear systems.
Discovery of 2-Aminopyrimidines as Potent Agonists for the Bitter Taste Receptor TAS2R14 (2023)

The bitter taste receptor TAS2R14 is a G protein-coupled receptor that is found on the tongue as well as in the human airway smooth muscle and other extraoral tissues. Because its activation causes bronchodilatation, TAS2R14 is a potential target for the treatment of asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Structural variations of flufenamic acid, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, led us to 2-aminopyridines showing considerable efficacy and potency in an IP<sub>1</sub>accumulation assay. In combination with an exchange of the carboxylic moiety by a tetrazole unit, a set of promising new TAS2R14 agonists was developed. The most potent ligand <b>28.1</b> (EC<sub>50</sub> = 72 nM) revealed a six-fold higher potency than flufenamic acid and a maximum efficacy of 129%. Besides its unprecedented TAS2R14 activation, <b>28.1</b> revealed marked selectivity over a panel of 24 non-bitter taste human G protein-coupled receptors.
Global Avian Influenza Surveillance in Wild Birds: A Strategy to Capture Viral Diversity (2014)

Wild birds play a major role in the evolution, maintenance, and spread of avian influenza viruses. However, surveillance for these viruses in wild birds is sporadic, geographically biased, and often limited to the last outbreak virus. To identify opportunities to optimize wild bird surveillance for understanding viral diversity, we reviewed responses to a World Organisation for Animal Health-administered survey, government reports to this organization, articles on Web of Knowledge, and the Influenza Research Database. At least 119 countries conducted avian influenza virus surveillance in wild birds during 2008-2013, but coordination and standardization was lacking among surveillance efforts, and most focused on limited subsets of influenza viruses. Given high financial and public health burdens of recent avian influenza outbreaks, we call for sustained, cost-effective investments in locations with high avian influenza diversity in wild birds and efforts to promote standardized sampling, testing, and reporting methods, including full-genome sequencing and sharing of isolates with the scientific community.
Phenotypic spectrum and management of 25 patients ATTR Val122Ile (P5.073) (2015)

OBJECTIVE: To report on the neurological clinical spectrum, prognosis and outcome in patients diagnosed with ATTR Val122Ile amyloidosis. BACKGROUND: Transthyretin familial amyloid neuropathy displays phenotypic heterogeneity. The pathogenic variant Val122Ile has been associated with a different phenotype characterized by a prominent amyloid cardiomyopathy of late onset. So far this variant is the most common in African-American individuals identified in up to 4[percnt] of a black American population sample DESIGN/METHODS: Report in details the diagnosis route, phenotype and management of patients diagnosed with ATTR-Val122Ile between 2010 and 2014. RESULTS: We studied 25 cases (16 men/ 9 women) diagnosed with ATTR-Val122Ile mutations. There were 17 cases from African descent and 8 Caucasian individuals. 17 cases were index patients and 8 were carriers diagnosed after genetic counseling. Heart failure was the first manifestation for 16/17 patients within an age range from 56 to 87 years. 16 patients had a severe concentric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Two patients died of cardiogenic shock soon after the diagnosis. One patient had a successful combined heart and liver transplant and 7 patients received. 10/17 patients had both small and large fiber neuropathy, and 6 patients had small fiber sensory and autonomic neuropathy. According to literature data, we investigated only carriers after 50 years old. Among the carriers, 7 were neurological and cardiological asymptomatic, only one patient had thermoalgic sensory disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of ATTR amyloidosis should be suspected in patients with late onset severe hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Val122Ile mutation can also be found in Caucasian individual. A mild to severe small and large fiber sensory and autonomic neuropathy is frequently associated as well as carpal tunnel syndrome. Tafamidis oral treatment or combined liver and heart transplant are current therapeutic options in these patients. Prognosis ATTR-Val122Ile is linked to the prominent cardiac amyloidosis. Early diagnosis is desirable. Study Supported by:
Monoclonal Antibodies to Influenza Matrix Protein: Detection of Low Levels of Matrix Protein on Abortively Infected Cells (1980)

We have quantified the appearance of matrix (M-) protein on P815 mastocytoma cells infected with type A influenza virus using a monoclonal antibody specific for M-protein. In contrast to previously reported values, only low amounts (about 10(3) molecules/cell) of M-protein appear on the cell surface up to 16 h p.i. Since P815 cells are excellent targets for cross-reactive T-cell lysis 3 to 5 h after virus infection, when only about 10(2) M-protein sites are found on each cell surface. It appears less likely that the recognition of M-protein can account for the cross-reactivity of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes for different type A influenza viruses.
Evaluation of a low-cost open-source gaze tracker (2010)

This paper presents a low-cost gaze tracking system that is based on a webcam mounted close to the user's eye. The performance of the gaze tracker was evaluated in an eye-typing task using two different typing applications. Participants could type between 3.56 and 6.78 words per minute, depending on the typing system used. A pilot study to assess the usability of the system was also carried out in the home of a user with severe motor impairments. The user successfully typed on a wall-projected interface using his eye movements.
The power 775 architecture at scale (2013)

We describe the IBM Power 775, a supercomputing system that was designed to provide high performance at very large scales. The system recently attained world record performance numbers for three important, communication-heavy supercomputing benchmarks: RandomAccess, PTRANS, and Global FFT (while the Power 775 currently holds the number two spot in Global FFT, its efficiency when computing the FFT exceeds that of the number one system's by over 3.5 times). At the heart of the Power 775's performance is the "hub module", which is a high-radix router containing forty-seven copper and optical links with a switching capacity of over 1.1 Tbyte/second. This level of bandwidth is unprecedented for typical systems of the scale we discuss in this paper. As a result, we were forced to develop a complete software stack to fully leverage the communication capabilities of the system. In this paper we evaluate the Power 775 server at scales up to 2 Petaflops (63,360 POWER7 cores), discuss hardware and software tradeoffs considered during the design process, and finally present some lessons learned.
Plasmonic Diffraction Field Pattern Imaging Could Resolve Ultrasensitive Bioinformation (2019)

Subwavelength nanohole arrays have been very attractive for label-free biosensing applications, as they offer simplicity and flexibility in the read-out scheme. Recently, platforms employing imaging-based devices integrated to custom-made light sources and plasmonic nanohole array substrates have been proposed as strong candidates to increase throughput by allowing simultaneous evaluation of binding interactions. Despite their high-throughput and multiplexed nature, these platforms dramatically suffer from sensitivity compared to classical spectrometer-based systems. In this Letter, we introduced a highly sensitive and plasmonic imaging-based platform that can work with very low analyte concentrations. The system employs a tunable optic filter integrated to a CMOS camera that records diffraction intensity patterns of the transmitted light from a plasmonic biochip composed of periodic nanohole arrays. Monitoring diffraction field intensity variations that correspond to transmission values at different wavelengths within the spectrum, we have successfully reconstructed the transmission spectrum of nanohole arrays. Using bulk solutions, we achieved spectral shifts within the reconstructed spectrum that yield refractive index sensitivities very close to the one calculated from the original spectrum obtained with a spectrometer. Similarly, we showed that our platform yields spectral shift amounts very close to the original one upon the attachment of protein mono- and bilayers. By monitoring plasmonic diffraction field intensity images, created through a very sharp illumination light source overlapping with the plasmonic mode of interest, we experimentally achieved sub-1 ng/mL limit-of-detection. Integrating the plasmonic biochip to a microfluidic chamber, we could monitor protein binding kinetics and determined the associated binding parameters very close to the ones obtained through the classical spectrometer-based analyses. Simultaneously monitoring multiple sensing spots in real-time within the same plasmonic biochip, we demonstrated the high-throughput capability of our plasmonic imaging-based technique. Our results showed the possibility of developing plasmonic read-out platforms that could provide high-throughput and multiplexed biosensing without losing sensitivity when integrating large-scale plasmonic chips with multiple sensing locations to imaging-based devices.
"Inverse" organic-inorganic composite materials. 3. High glass content "nonshrinking" sol-gel composites via poly(silicic acid esters) (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Inverse" organic-inorganic composite materials. 3. High glass content "nonshrinking" sol-gel composites via poly(silicic acid esters)Mark W. Ellsworth and Bruce M. NovakCite this: Chem. Mater. 1993, 5, 6, 839–844Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00030a020Request reuse permissionsArticle Views466Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts