gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Universal detection for capillary electrophoresis-using micro-interferometric backscatter detection (1999)

We describe a method for determining subpicomole quantities of analyte in capillary electrophoresis by probing fluid bulk properties with laser interferometric backscatter. In micro-interferometric backscatter detection (MIBD), an unfocused beam from a He-Ne laser impinges onto unmodified fused silica capillary tube and subsequent backscattered laser light is analyzed. Positional changes of interference pattern extrema (backscattered light) are directly related to refractive index (RI), n, of fluid in the tube, and allow for determination of Δn at the 10−7 level. MIBD was interfaced to commercial CE instrument allowing for simultaneous RI/ UV-Vis detection. Utility of MIBD detector for capillary electrophoresis was shown by detecting caffeine in beverages. Analysis was performed in 100-μm capillary, and direct comparison of RI detector's performance with UV-Vis absorbance detector (211 nm) was possible. In system without active thermal control, RI detection limit (3σ) for caffeine was 2.33*10−6 M, whereas detection limit of the commercial UV-Vis detector was 1.16*10−6 M. At detection limit of 2.33 μM, MIBD is capable of performing universal detection on just 2.02*10−14 or 20 fmole of solute in probe volume of 4.7 nL. It is shown that a solute like caffeine, which has large molar absorptivity (ε) at probe wavelength, MIBD has comparable sensitivity. Therefore, it is useful in other CE applications, particularly those involving solutes with low ε values. ©1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 11: 596–604, 1999
Supplementary Figure 3 from Depletion of Peripheral Macrophages and Brain Microglia Increases Brain Tumor Titers of Oncolytic Viruses (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Depletion of Peripheral Macrophages and Brain Microglia Increases Brain Tumor Titers of Oncolytic Viruses
Structural Analysis of Lignin-Based Furan Resin (2022)

The global "carbon emission peak" and "carbon neutrality" strategic goals promote us to replace current petroleum-based resin products with biomass-based resins. The use of technical lignins and hemicellulose-derived furfuryl alcohol in the production of biomass-based resins are among the most promising ways. Deep understanding of the resulting resin structure is a prerequisite for the optimization of biomass-based resins. Herein, a semiquantitative 2D HSQC NMR technique supplemented by the quantitative <sup>31</sup>P NMR and methoxyl group wet chemistry analysis were employed for the structural elucidation of softwood kraft lignin-based furfuryl alcohol resin (LFA). The LFA was fractionated into water-insoluble (LFA-I) and soluble (LFA-S) parts. The analysis of methoxyl groups showed that the amount of lignin was 85 wt% and 44 wt% in LFA-I and LFA-S fractions, respectively. The HSQC spectra revealed the high diversity of linkages formed between lignin and poly FA (pFA). The HSQC and <sup>31</sup>P results indicated the formation of new condensed structures, particularly at the 5-position of the aromatic ring. Esterification reactions between carboxyl groups of lignin and hydroxyl groups of pFA could also occur. Furthermore, it was suggested that lignin phenolic hydroxyl oxygen could attack an opened furan ring to form several aryl ethers structures. Therefore, the LFA resin was produced through crosslinking between lignin fragments and pFA chains.
Convex analysis and ideal tensegrities (2011)

A theoretical framework based on convex analysis is formulated and developed to study tensegrity structures under steady-state loads. Many classical results for ideal tensegrities are rationally deduced from subdifferentiable models in a novel mechanical perspective. Novel energy-based criteria for rigidity and pre-stressability are provided, allowing to formulate numerical algorithms for computations.
Incentive-compatible caching and peering in data-oriented networks (2008)

Several new, data-oriented internetworking architectures have been proposed recently. However, the practical deployability of such designs is an open question. In this paper, we consider data-oriented network designs in the light of the policy and incentive structures of the present internetworking economy. A main observation of our work is that none of the present proposals is both policy-compliant and incentive-compatible with the current internetworking market, which makes their deployment very challenging if not impossible. This difficulty stems from the unfounded implicit assumption that data-oriented routing policies directly reflect the underlying packet-level inter-domain policies. We find that to enable the more effective network utilization promised by data-oriented networking, essential caching incentives need to exist, and that data-oriented peering needs be considered separately from peering for packet forwarding.
Analysis and Design Specifications for Full-Duplex Radio Transceivers Under RF Oscillator Phase Noise With Arbitrary Spectral Shape (2015)

In this paper, the effects of oscillator phase noise (PN) with arbitrary spectral characteristics on the self-interference (SI) cancelation capability of a full-duplex radio (FDR) transceiver are addressed, and design considerations for optimized phase-locked loop (PLL) design in FDR are given. This paper first presents a full-duplex transceiver model that inherently mitigates most of the phase-noise effects from the SI signal. The remaining effect of the PN is then analyzed, and closed-form expressions for the SI power are derived. In the simulations part, a practical PLL-type oscillator is used, which is based on the arbitrary mask phase-noise model. Analytical derivations are verified with the simulations, and the SI cancelation performance is thoroughly studied with various parameters. Design considerations are finally given for oscillator design in FDR transceivers, with the help of tangible parameters of the PLL-type oscillators.
A hierarchical mixture of markov models for finding biologically active metabolic paths using gene expression and protein classes (2004)

With the recent development of experimental high-throughput techniques, the type and volume of accumulating biological data have extremely increased these few years. Mining from different types of data might lead us to find new biological insights. We present a new methodology for systematically combining three different datasets to find biologically active metabolic paths/patterns. This method consists of two steps: First it synthesizes metabolic paths from a given set of chemical reactions, which are already known and whose enzymes are co-expressed, in an efficient manner. It then represents the obtained metabolic paths in a more comprehensible way through estimating parameters of a probabilistic model by using these synthesized paths. This model is built upon an assumption that an entire set of chemical reactions corresponds to a Markov state transition diagram. Furthermore, this model is a hierarchical latent variable model, containing a set of protein classes as a latent variable, for clustering input paths in terms of existing knowledge of protein classes. We tested the performance of our method using a main pathway of glycolysis, and found that our method achieved higher predictive performance for the issue of classifying gene expressions than those obtained by other unsupervised methods. We further analyzed the estimated parameters of our probabilistic models, and found that biologically active paths were clustered into only two or three patterns for each expression experiment type, and each pattern suggested some new long-range relations in the glycolysis pathway.
A Study of the Scallop Generation Mechanism in Ultra-Precision Raster Milling (2007)

Ultra-precision raster milling (UPRM) can directly achieve the fabrication of threedimensional non-axisymmetric freeform components with nanometeric surface finish and submicrometric form accuracy. During the past few years, a lot of research on computerized numerical control (CNC) machining technologies has been conducted; however, little of this research makes any contribution to UPRM. This paper studies the mechanism of scallop height generation for UPRM. Through analyzing the cutting edge locus and the scallop height generation mechanism, a model for feed-intervals and for raster-interval scallop height generation, are presented. Parameters such as selection of feed direction (vertical cutting and horizontal cutting), feed rate, spindle speed, tool nose radius, swing distance, feed length and raster distance have been taken into consideration in the scallop generation models.
Microstructure evolution in the self-propagating reaction in Al/Ru bilayers by phase-field simulations and experiments (2023)

The self-propagating reaction in binary Al/Ru multilayers with two different bilayer thicknesses (89 and 178 nm, respectively) forming single-phase AlRu intermetallic compound is investigated experimentally and by means of phase-field simulations. Experimentally, the time-temperature evolution in free-standing films was recorded with a high-speed pyrometer, and the resulting microstructure was determined from electron backscatter diffraction measurements. The phase-field model is constructed based on the minimization of the grand potentials for which the required thermodynamic data are taken from the Calphad database. The simulation of the reaction and subsequent AlRu grain growth starts from Al-rich and Ru-rich layer fillings. After the formation of the AlRu phase is complete, the grain growth during cooling is simulated based on the experimentally recorded time-temperature curves. Finally, the resulting grain sizes obtained from the simulation are found to be in good agreement with the experimental results. Furthermore, it is shown that the final grain sizes in both simulations and experiments depend on the initial bilayer thicknesses.
Hyperacute Rejection by Anti-Gal IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b Is Dependent on Complement and Fc-γ Receptors (2008)

We have previously reported that anti-Gal-alpha1,3Gal (Gal) IgG3 mAbs mediate a classical complement-dependent hyperacute rejection (HAR), while anti-Gal IgG1 mAbs mediate HAR that is dependent on complement, the Fc-gamma receptors FcgammaRII/III (CD32/CD16), and NK cells. IgG2a and IgG2b subclasses can activate complement and have FcgammaR binding properties in vitro. Whether these IgG subclasses can mediate HAR in vivo and the mechanisms by which they would do so are not known. In this study, we isolated spontaneous IgG switch mutants from an anti-Gal IgG1 hybridoma. In vitro complement-mediated hemolytic assays with mouse complement indicate that both anti-Gal IgG2a and IgG2b mAbs were more potent compared with the parent anti-Gal IgG1. In vivo administration of anti-Gal IgG2a and IgG2b mAbs into Gal-/- mice induced HAR of rat cardiac xenografts. HAR induced by anti-Gal IgG2a and IgG2b was dependent on complement activation and the presence of NK cells. Using FcgammaRIII-deficient (Gal-/-CD16-/-) recipients, we observed that HAR mediated by different anti-Gal IgG subclasses was variably dependent on FcgammaRIII, with IgG1>IgG2b>>IgG2a=IgG3. Using FcgammaRI-deficient (Gal-/-CD64-/-) recipients, we observed that HAR mediated by anti-Gal IgG1, IgG2a, and IgG2b, but not by anti-Gal IgG3, was dependent on FcgammaRI. Collectively, these studies demonstrate the necessity and sufficiency of complement in IgG3-mediated HAR and the necessity of both complement and FcgammaR, especially FcgammaRI, in IgG1-, IgG2a-, and IgG2b-mediated HAR.
Sugar absorption by the mouse small intestine following infection with Schistosoma mansoni (1979)

The effect of acute schistosomiasis on the structure and function of the mouse small intestine has been examined. Whole loops of small intestine from normal mice, and mice seven weeks post-infection were incubated in an in vitro perfusion apparatus. The transport of glucose, 3-0-methylglucose, sorbitol and fluid were all markedly impaired in loops from the infected animals. Kinetic analysis of the data for glucose transport indicated that schistosome infection brought about a reduction in the total number, but not the affinity, of the absorptive sites for glucose. Under the scanning electron microscope, villi from normal mice were tall and erect, with intact surfaces devoid of mucus, whereas the villi from the infected animals were partially covered with strands of mucus and appeared swollen and eroded, with lesions around their apices.
Developmental phenomics suggests that H3K4 monomethylation catalyzed by Trr functions as a phenotypic capacitor (2022)

Abstract How epigenetic modulators of gene regulation affect the development and evolution of animals has been difficult to ascertain. Despite the widespread presence of histone 3 lysine 4 monomethylation (H3K4me1) on enhancers, hypomethylation appears to have minor effects on animal development and viability. In this study, we performed quantitative, unbiased and multi-dimensional explorations of key phenotypes on Drosophila melanogaster with genetically induced hypomethylation. Hypomethylation reduced transcription factor enrichment in nuclear microenvironments, leading to reduced gene expression, and phenotypes outside of standard laboratory conditions. Our developmental phenomics survey further showed that H3K4me1 hypomethylation led to context-dependent changes in morphology, metabolism, and behavior. Therefore, H3K4me1 may contribute to phenotypic evolution as a phenotypic capacitor by buffering the effects of chance, genotypes and environmental conditions on transcriptional enhancers. Quote “Developmental biologists are often not so much opposed to a role for ecology as they simply ignore it” –Doug Erwin 1
The non-structural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus interacts with the SH3 domain of human Bin1 using non-canonical binding sites (2014)

Background The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major human pathogen that causes severe diseases such as chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and finally hepatocellular carcinoma. Although no enzymatic activity could be attributed yet to the HCV non-structural protein 5A (NS5A), it is indispensable for viral replication and particle assembly. Furthermore, it is associated with a variety of cellular pathways, although their relevance for viral pathogenesis still has to be elucidated. To fulfil its function NS5A interacts with a large number of different proteins including both viral and human ones. NS5A is organized into three domains, which are connected via two low complexity sequences (LCS). The first domain is highly conserved among different HCV genotypes and forms a well-defined globular structure [1]. The domains 2 (D2) and 3 (D3) are less conserved and intrinsically disordered. Nonetheless, three segments in LCS-I and D2 show significant propensities to adopt a-helical structures as could be shown by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shift and N relaxation data [2]. The LCS-II connecting D2 and D3 contains two directly neighbored class II PxxP-motifs, which are important for interactions with Src homology 3 (SH3) domains. SH3 domains mediate protein-protein interactions, often via binding to polyproline II helices. Recent studies also revealed alternative binding mechanisms, mainly involving helical motifs and positively charged amino acid residues. The SH3 domain of the bridging integrator 1 (Bin1) is known to interact with NS5A not only via its PxxP-motifs, but also via two non-canonical binding sites, which will be further described here [3].
Scaling perspective for III-V broken gap nanowire TFETs: An atomistic study using a fast tight-binding mode-space NEGF model (2016)

We report an in-depth atomistic study of the scaling potential of III-V GAA nanowire heterojunction TFET using an innovative tight-binding mode space (MS) technique with large speedup (up to 250×) while keeping good accuracy (error <; 1%). It is shown that both n- and pTFET performances are best above 20 nm gate length for a cross-section of 5.5 nm in the [111] crystal orientation. At V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dd</sub> = 0.3 V and I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">off</sub> = 50 pA/μm, the on-current (Ion) and energy-delay product (ETP) gain over a Si NW GAA MOSFET are 58× and 56× respectively. In a beyond 5 nm node low power ITRS 2.0 horizontal GAA design rule however, where the gate length is restricted to 12 nm, a [100] orientation is best but features up to 3× I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</sub> and 2.4× ETP degradation vs. the 20 nm TFET GAA design.
Microcavity confinement based on an anomalous zero group-velocity waveguide mode (2005)

We propose and demonstrate a mechanism for small-modal-volume high-Q cavities based on an anomalous uniform waveguide mode that has zero group velocity at a nonzero wave vector. In a short piece of a uniform waveguide with a specially designed cross section, light is confined longitudinally by small group-velocity propagation and transversely by a reflective cladding. The quality factor Q is greatly enhanced by the small group velocity for a set of cavity lengths that are separated by approximately pi/k0, where k0 is the longitudinal wave vector for which the group velocity is zero.
Biomimetic microenvironments for regenerative endodontics (2016)

Abstract Regenerative endodontics has been proposed to replace damaged and underdeveloped tooth structures with normal pulp-dentin tissue by providing a natural extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicking environment; stem cells, signaling molecules, and scaffolds. In addition, clinical success of the regenerative endodontic treatments can be evidenced by absence of signs and symptoms; no bony pathology, a disinfected pulp, and the maturation of root dentin in length and thickness. In spite of the various approaches of regenerative endodontics, there are several major challenges that remain to be improved: a) the endodontic root canal is a strong harbor of the endodontic bacterial biofilm and the fundamental etiologic factors of recurrent endodontic diseases, (b) tooth discolorations are caused by antibiotics and filling materials, (c) cervical root fractures are caused by endodontic medicaments, (d) pulp tissue is not vascularized nor innervated, and (e) the dentin matrix is not developed with adequate root thickness and length. Generally, current clinical protocols and recent studies have shown a limited success of the pulp-dentin tissue regeneration. Throughout the various approaches, the construction of biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue is a key concept of the tissue engineering based regenerative endodontics. The biomimetic microenvironments are composed of a synthetic nano-scaled polymeric fiber structure that mimics native pulp ECM and functions as a scaffold of the pulp-dentin tissue complex. They will provide a framework of the pulp ECM, can deliver selective bioactive molecules, and may recruit pluripotent stem cells from the vicinity of the pulp apex. The polymeric nanofibers are produced by methods of self-assembly, electrospinning, and phase separation. In order to be applied to biomedical use, the polymeric nanofibers require biocompatibility, stability, and biodegradability. Therefore, this review focuses on the development and application of the biomimetic microenvironments of pulp-dentin tissue among the current regenerative endodontics.
The First Solid-Phase Synthesis of Bis(oxazolinyl)pyridine Ligands (2005)

Chiral Pybox (pyridine-2,6-bis(oxazoline)) ligands can be cleanly and efficiently prepared on polystyrene support via a five-step solid-phase synthetic sequence. Cu(I)-complexed polymer-bound Pybox was used as a catalyst in the first heterogeneously catalyzed asymmetric addition of alkynes to imines. Best enantioselectivity was observed with (t)Bu-substituted oxazolines.
Distribution of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and glutaminase isoenzymes in the rabbit single nephron. (1982)

"Phosphate-independent maleate-stimulated glutaminase" was investigated as a function of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP). The activity of gamma-GTP in brush border membranes was found to be four times higher than that in the microsomal fraction of the renal cortex. This gamma-GTP activity was exclusively located in the proximal tubule of isolated single nephrons. Specific activity of gamma-GTP was 105 U/g protein (19.8 microU/mm length) in the first 2 mm portion of the proximal tubule and 1352 U/g protein (209 microU/mm) in the last 2 mm portion of the proximal straight tubule. Activity of phosphate independent glutaminase (PIG) was distributed in the same patterns as those of gamma-GTP, not only in the subcellular fractions, but also in the isolated nephron segments. On the other hand, phosphate dependent glutaminase (PDG) was distributed highly in the papillary mitochondrial fraction and in the distal tubule. Observations on the effect of pH on the enzyme activities of gamma-GTP and PDG showed that these enzyme activities were decreased significantly when the pH of the assay mixture was lowered. In the case of PIG, however, the effect of pH was just reversed. From these findings, it may be possible to interpret that gamma-GTP may play an important role in ammonia production in the brush border membrane of the proximal tubule as a function of glutaminase.
High power fiber oscillators and amplifiers (2006)

Self-similar propagation of similariton and cubicon pulses in optical fibers is reviewed. Asymptotic pulse solutions are obtained in the presence of self-phase modulation, gain and gain narrowing, allowing for the generation of high energy pulses in fiber oscillators and amplifiers
The site-selective incorporation of a NAD + cofactor mimic into a folded helix–loop–helix polypeptide motif (1997)

LA-42, a polypeptide with 42 amino acid residues, has been designed to fold into a hairpin helix–loop–helix motif that can dimerise in solution to form a four-helix bundle. On the surface of the folded motif a reactive site has been introduced that contains a histidine and a lysine residue in a helical sequence. The reaction between the His-Lys site and a p-nitrophenyl ester has previously been shown to lead to the site-selective formation of an amide at the side chain of the flanking lysine residue. An N-methylnicotinoyl group has now been incorporated into LA-42, in a reaction between the peptide and the N-methylnicotinic acid ester in aqueous solution at pH 5.9, to form a template for the engineering of selective catalysts for the reduction of carbonyl compounds. The formation of an amide bond between LA-42 and the cofactor mimic was established by electro-spray mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy and the reduction of the N-methylnicotinoyl residue by sodium dithionite in aqueous solution at pH 6.5–7 was demonstrated by UV and NMR spectroscopy. Key problems with NAD+/NADH models in aqueous solution include poor solubility of the ox and/or red forms of the catalysts and short lifetimes of the red form due to hydrolysis of the enamine. Both the red and the ox forms of the peptide-linked nicotinoyl cofactor are soluble in aqueous solution, which is a necessary condition for the development of turnover systems, and the lifetime of the reduced form of the polypeptide catalyst has been increased by more than a factor of three over that of the 1-methylnicotinamide.
Appendix (2022)

No AccessInjection Mold Design EngineeringOct 2022AppendixDavid O. KazmerDavid O. Kazmerhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9781569908921.015SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2022Pages: 579-594Print ISBN: 978-1-56990-891-4eISBN: 978-1-56990-892-1 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...