gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An In Situ Reversible Heterodimeric Nanoswitch Controlled by Metal‐Ion–Ligand Coordination Regulates the Mechanosensing and Differentiation of Stem Cells (2018)

In situ and cytocompatible nanoswitching by external stimuli is highly appealing for reversibly regulating cellular adhesion and functions in vivo. Here, a heterodimeric nanoswitch is designed to facilitate in situ switchable and combinatorial presentation of integrin-binding cell-adhesive moieties, such as Mg<sup>2+</sup> and Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) ligand in nanostructures. In situ reversible nanoswitching is controlled by convertible coordination between bioactive Mg<sup>2+</sup> and bisphosphonate (BP) ligand. A BP-coated gold-nanoparticle monomer (BP-AuNP) on a substrate is prepared to allow in situ assembly of cell-adhesive Mg<sup>2+</sup> -active Mg-BP nanoparticles (NPs) on a BP-AuNP surface via Mg<sup>2+</sup> -BP coordination, yielding heterodimeric nanostructures (switching "ON"). Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-based Mg<sup>2+</sup> chelation allows in situ disassembly of Mg<sup>2+</sup> -BP NP, reverting to Mg<sup>2+</sup> -free monomer (switching "OFF"). This in situ reversible nanoswitching on and off of cell-adhesive Mg<sup>2+</sup> presentation allows reversible cell adhesion and release in vivo, respectively, and spatiotemporally controls cyclic cell adhesion. In situ heterodimeric assembly of dual RGD ligand- and Mg<sup>2+</sup> -active RGD-BP-Mg<sup>2+</sup> NP (switching "Dual ON") further tunes and promotes focal adhesion, spreading, and differentiation of stem cells. The modular nature of this in situ nanoswitch can accommodate various bioactive nanostructures via metal-ion-ligand coordination to regulate diverse cellular functions in vivo in reversible and compatible manner.
Electronically Tunable Fully Integrated Fractional-Order Resonator (2017)

A fully integrated implementation of a parallel fractional-order resonator that employs together a fractional-order capacitor and a fractional-order inductor is proposed in this brief. The design utilizes current-controlled operational transconductance amplifiers as building blocks, designed, and fabricated in AMS 0.35-μm CMOS process and based on a second-order approximation of a fractional-order differentiator/integrator magnitude optimized in the range 10 Hz-700 Hz. An attractive benefit of the proposed scheme is its electronic tuning capability.
EFFECT OF ELECTRICAL NOISE ON BALANCE CONTROL IN ELDERLY ADULTS (2002)

Balance is an important functional skill that greatly influences our ability to perform activities of daily living. Diminished balance ability, as demonstrated in older adults, can pose a serious health risk due to the possibility of falling. It has been shown recently that balance control in humans can be enhanced by the application of mechanical noise to the feet. PURPOSE: We investigated whether electrical noise, when applied to the knee, can enhance the balance performance of older adults. METHODS: Thirteen healthy elderly adults (age 68–79 years) were asked to perform 16 trials of single-legged stance for up to 30s. Electrical noise (STIM) provided pair-wise randomly to 8 trials. During the 8 STIM trials, the subject received electrical Gaussian white noise (zero mean, SD = 0.05mA), applied through surface electrodes on the medial and lateral aspects of the stance knee. This stimulus was below the cutaneous sensation threshold of all subjects. Balance performance was measured using a Kistler force platform. Balance enhancement was defined as a reduction in postural sway as indicated by decreases in the center-of-pressure (COP) measures. Paired Student's t-tests were used to compare the STIM and non-STIM conditions. RESULTS: All COP parameters decreased with STIM, three of them significantly, indicating an overall improvement in balance performance when electrical noise is applied to the knee joint. On the average, there was a 4.3% reduction in mediolateral SD (p = 0.015), a 3.7% decrease in anteroposterior SD (p = 0.127), a 5.0% reduction in radial SD (p = 0.013), and a 5.0% decrease in swept area (p = 0.043) with STIM. CONCLUSIONS: Electrical noise can enhance the balance performance of elderly adults. These results suggest that noise-based devices may be effective in improving balance control in the elderly. Supported by the NIH and NSF.
Chapter 16 The QbD Approach to Method Development and Validation for Dissolution Testing (2017)

Current estimates indicate that about 90% of drugs in developmentpipelines exhibit a combination of poor water solubility andpoor permeability.1 About 70% of these exhibit good perme-ability but are solubility limited. These drugs, known by theBiopharmaceutical Classiﬁcation System as class 2 compounds,are amenable to bioavailability enhancement through solubilityenhancement pathways. By simply increasing drug concentration inthe gastrointestinal tract (GIT), in vivo absorption can be enhanced.Hence, the application of solubility enhancement platforms to drugsin development has become increasingly common.
Conformational Characteristics of Biphenylene-Ether-Ketone (1997)

The characteristic ratio of Biphenylene-Ether-Ketone (BEK), a newly developed engineering plastic with high heat resistance ( T g : 181°C, T m : 364°C), was calculated using rotational isomeric state theory.
A Specific and Potent Pressor Effect of Hypoxia in Patients with Sleep Apnea (1992)

A hypoxic ramp test (to 75% arterial oxygen saturation) during the awake state was performed in 17 patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Blood pressure was monitored with an indwelling arterial line (radial artery), and the ventilatory response to eucapnic hypoxia was determined. Eight of the patients were normotensive. The remaining nine hypertensive patients were studied after a 3-wk washout of antihypertensive medication. Compared with a nonmatched group of normotensive nonsnoring control subjects in whom hypoxemia did not affect blood pressure, all OSA patients showed various degrees of pressor responses during hypoxia. The pressor response was of similar magnitude in normotensive and hypertensive patients with OSA. There was a significant relationship between the ventilatory and the pressor responses to hypoxia (p = 0.03) that was similar in both normotensive and hypertensive patients. Although disease severity expressed as apnea index (number of apneas per hour of sleep) or minimum arterial oxygen saturation reached during the overnight recording correlated with the magnitude of the pressor response (p = 0.03 and 0.045, respectively), the ventilatory response to hypoxia was unrelated to disease severity. Hypoxemia induced a similar increase in heart rate in controls and in normotensive patients, but an attenuated heart rate response was seen at the nadir of oxygen saturation in hypertensive subjects (p < 0.05). These data demonstrate that patients with obstructive sleep apneas have a pressor response to hypoxia. This response is likely to be involved in the blood pressure swings seen during apnea in patients with OSA.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Posterior fossa venous angiomas with drainage through the brain stem. (1994)

Cerebellar and brain stem venous angiomas have several potential routes of drainage, including an enlarged vein traversing the pons, midbrain, or medulla. A knowledge of the normal venous anatomy of this region helps to understand the occurrence of these uncommon routes of venous drainage.
An In Vitro Model of Infection of Human Biliary Epithelial Cells byCryptosporidium parvum (1997)

Cryptosporidium parvum infection in the immunosuppressed host is frequently complicated by biliary tract involvement. The recent production of human biliary epithelial cell lines was exploited to develop an in vitro model of biliary cryptosporidiosis. Infection with C. parvum oocysts was detected by IFA and ELISA and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Inoculation of monolayers with 10(4) to 5 X 10(5) oocysts/well resulted in a dose-dependent increase in infection. Time-course experiments showed that the number of parasitic stages was maximal at 18-24 h after inoculation. Infection was significantly enhanced by bile at concentrations of 50 and 100 microg/mL and inhibited by 400 microg/mL paromomycin. Infection of human biliary cells with C. parvum can be consistently achieved and monitored by use of IFA or ELISA. This system will be of use in evaluating mechanisms of C. parvum infection and response to therapeutic agents in biliary cryptosporidiosis.
Regulation of Insulin-Receptor mRNA Levels by Glucocorticoids (1987)

We found with IM-9 human cultured lymphocytes, that the glucocorticoid dexamethasone increased insulin-receptor mRNA levels. This increase correlated in a time- and dose-dependent manner with the increase in the biosynthesis of the insulin-receptor precursor. In addition, in AR42J cultured rat pancreatic acinar cells, dexamethasone increased insulin-receptor mRNA levels. These studies suggest, therefore, that an increase in mRNA levels is an early step in the regulation of the insulin receptor by glucocorticoids in several cell types.
Experimental Demonstration of Crosstalk Reduction to Achieve Turbulence-Resilient Multiple-OAM-Beam Free-Space Optical Communications using Pilot Tones to Mix Beams at the Receiver (2020)

We experimentally demonstrate a 4-Gbit/s turbulence-resilient two-OAM-mode-multiplexed FSO link using pilot tones at different wavelengths to mix beams at the receiver. Inter-modal crosstalk is measured to be resilient to turbulence for different OAM mode selections.
A chip-sized piezoelectric receiver for low-frequency, near-field wireless power transfer: design, modeling and experimental validation (2021)

Abstract This work presents the design, modeling and characterization of a chip-sized piezoelectric receiver for low-frequency, near-field wireless power transmission. Utilizing a laser micro-machined titanium suspension, one NdFeB magnet, and two PZT-5A piezo-ceramic patches, the receiver operates at its torsion mode mechanical resonance. Two unimorph piezo-ceramic transducers are designed to maximize the power density of the receiver while maintaining a low mechanical resonant frequency for low-frequency electrodynamic wireless power transmission. An equivalent lumped-element circuit model is used to model the system performance. A prototype device is fabricated, assembled and tested, and the experimental results are compared with the system model. The 0.08 cm 3 device generates a maximum of 360 μ W average power at 1 cm distance from a transmitter coil operating at 724 Hz and below human head and torso exposure limits. This data corresponds to 4.2 mW cm −3 power density. Overall, this volume-efficient design offers a low-profile and compact footprint for potentially wirelessly charging wearable and bio-implantable devices.
Modeling and estimation of spatial random trees with application to image classification (2003)

A new class of multiscale multidimensional stochastic processes called spatial random trees is introduced. The model is based on multiscale stochastic trees with stochastic structure as well as stochastic states. Procedures are developed for exact likelihood calculation, MAP estimation of the process, and estimation of the parameters of the process. The new framework is illustrated through a simple binary image classification problem.
The spectrum of peripheral neuropathies in AIDS (2005)

Abstract With the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), peripheral neuropathies have become the most common neurological complications in HIV infection and AIDS. The frequency and spectrum of these neuropathies are changing as various toxic and immune factors are modified by new antiretroviral strategies. The number of people living with HIV infection has continued to increase to a total of 42 million by the end of 2002, and we should anticipate rising rates of neuropathic disease Recent studies have provided a better understanding of risk factors, markers, and relevant pathogenic mechanisms in the current era, and this review will cover both the common and uncommon neuropathies (Brinley Jr et al. 2001; Manji 2000; Verma 2001; Wulff et al. 2000). Apart from cytomegalovirus (CMV) polyradiculitis, other infectious neuropathies such as leprosy and herpes zoster will not be covered in this review.
Deep intronic NIPBL de novo mutations and differential diagnoses revealed by whole genome and RNA sequencing in Cornelia de Lange syndrome patients (2022)

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS; MIM# 122470) is a rare developmental disorder. Pathogenic variants in 5 genes explain approximately 50% cases, leaving the other 50% unsolved. We performed whole genome sequencing (WGS) ± RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) in 5 unsolved trios fulfilling the following criteria: (i) clinical diagnosis of classic CdLS, (ii) negative gene panel sequencing from blood and saliva-isolated DNA, (iii) unaffected parents' DNA samples available and (iv) proband's blood-isolated RNA available. A pathogenic de novo mutation (DNM) was observed in a CdLS differential diagnosis gene in 3/5 patients, namely POU3F3, SPEN, and TAF1. In the other two, we identified two distinct deep intronic DNM in NIPBL predicted to create a novel splice site. RT-PCRs and RNA-Seq showed aberrant transcripts leading to the creation of a novel frameshift exon. Our findings suggest the relevance of WGS in unsolved suspected CdLS cases and that deep intronic variants may account for a proportion of them.
A phase II trial of pan-KIR2D blockade with IPH2101 in smoldering multiple myeloma (2014)

Natural killer (NK) cells are involved in immune surveillance of various malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM).[1][1] IPH2101 is a fully human monoclonal antibody that blocks HLA-C binding KIR2D receptors (KIR2DL/DS-1, -2 -3) expressed on the surface of NK-cells, enhancing their cytotoxicity
Genotyping Energy-Transfer-Cassette-labeled Short-Tandem-Repeat Amplicons with Capillary Array Electrophoresis Microchannel Plates (2001)

Energy-transfer-cassette labeling and microfabricated CAE microchannel plates allow high-performance multiplex STR analyses.
Doloto (2008)

Modern Web 2.0 applications, such as GMail, Live Maps, Face-book and many others, use a combination of Dynamic HTML, JavaScript and other Web browser technologies commonly referred to as AJAX to push application execution to the client web browser. This improves the responsiveness of these network-bound applications, but the shift of application execution from a back-end server to the client also often dramatically increases the amount of code that must first be downloaded to the browser. This creates an unfortunate Catch-22: to create responsive distributed Web 2.0 applications developers move code to the client, but for an application to be responsive, the code must first be transferred there, which takes time.
Low Cancer Stem Cell Marker Expression and Low Hypoxia Identify Good Prognosis Subgroups in HPV(−) HNSCC after Postoperative Radiochemotherapy: A Multicenter Study of the DKTK-ROG (2016)

We have shown for the first time that high hypoxia-induced gene expression and high CSC marker expression levels correlate with tumor recurrence after PORT-C in patients with HPV16 DNA-negative HNSCC. After validation in a currently ongoing prospective trial, these parameters may help to further stratify patients for individualized treatment de-escalation or intensification strategies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(11); 2639-49. ©2016 AACR.
Modern High Resolution NMR for the Study of Structure, Dynamics and Interactions of Biological Macromolecules (2006)

High resolution liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) is a powerful technique for in vitro studies of structure and dynamics of soluble biological macromolecules under physiological conditions. The unique combination of atomically resolved structural data with both local and global dynamic features covering the entire range of time scales from picoseconds to seconds makes NMR the method of choice in a very diverse and rapidly growing array of biochemical, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications. After briefly introducing the basic principles of liquid state NMR we review recent methodological and instrumental advances in the field of biologically focused high resolution NMR. The main emphasis of the second part is on molecular interactions. Such interactions are fundamental for the function of proteins in living systems, e.g. for signal transduction, enzymatic catalysis, and immune defense. The tremendous opportunities of high resolution NMR in the identification and detailed characterization of the sites and modes of molecular interactions will be demonstrated.
Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide inhibits the monoamine carrier of bovine chromaffin granule membrane (1985)

The monoamine carrier of bovine chromaffin granule membrane catalyzes a H+/neutral amine antiport. Dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) inhibits this carrier in a time- and concentration -dependent manner as shown by the following evidence: it inhibits the carrier-mediated pH gradient driven monoamine uptake without collapsing the pH gradient; it affects the binding of the specific inhibitors [2-3H]dihydrotetrabenazine and [3H]reserpine. The DCCD inhibition of the carrier occurs in the same concentration range as that of the ATP-dependent H+ translocase. Saturation isotherms of [2-3H]dihydrotetrabenazine binding indicate that DCCD decreases the number of binding sites without any change of the equilibrium dissociation constant. Kinetic studies of DCCD inactivation indicate that the modification of only one amino acid residue is responsible for the inhibition. Preincubation of the membranes with tetrabenazine protects the carrier against inactivation by DCCD: in this case, [2-3H] dihydrotetrabenazine binding and pH gradient driven monoamine uptake are restored after washing out of DCCD and tetrabenazine. We suggest the existence in the monoamine carrier of a carboxylic acid involved in H+ translocation, similar to those demonstrated not only in F0-F1 ATPases but also in cytochrome c oxidase, mitochondrial cytochrome b-c1 complex, and nucleotide transhydrogenase. Protonation-deprotonation of this group would affect the binding of [2-3H]dihydrotetrabenazine by the carrier.
High electromechanical performance of electroelastomers based on interpenetrating polymer networks (2008)

The electromechanical performance of interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) in which one elastomer network is under high tension balanced by compression of the second network, were investigated. Uniaxial stress relaxation analysis confirmed significant decrease in viscoelasticity in comparison with 3M VHB films, the primary component network in the IPN films. In dynamic mechanical analysis, the IPN composite showed a higher mechanical efficiency, suggesting delayed relaxation of the acrylic chains in the presence of IPN formation. This improvement was found to be dependant on the contents of poly(TMPTMA). Actuation performance without mechanical prestrain showed that these IPN electroelastomers had demonstrated high elastic strain energy density (3.5 MJ/m<sup>3</sup>) and a high electromechanical coupling factor (93.7%). These enhanced electromechanical performances indicate that IPN electroelastomer should be suitable for diverse applications.
In Situ Stabilization of Persistent Organic Contaminants in Marine Sediments (2010)

Sediment contamination in estuarine and coastal regions is widespread in the United States. Hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) associate with fine-grained, organic-rich, sediment material. This sediment serves as a contaminant reservoir from which fish and bottom-dwelling organisms accumulate toxic compounds passed up the food chain. Common approaches to managing contaminated sediment are dredging and capping, but both options are expensive, cause habitat alteration and require large-scale material handling and long-term supervision. Dredging may not remove all contaminants, and capping becomes less efficient over time. The objective of this project was to investigate the feasibility of using a coal-derived sorbent (e.g., coke or granular activated carbon) for in situ stabilization of persistent organic contaminants, such as PCBs and PAHs, in marine sediments.Coal-derived materials in sediment are strong sorbents that may capture PAHs and PCBs
Mutation tryptophan to leucine at position 222 of haemagglutinin could facilitate H3N2 influenza A virus infection in dogs (2013)

An avian-like H3N2 influenza A virus (IAV) has recently caused sporadic canine influenza outbreaks in China and Korea, but the molecular mechanisms involved in the interspecies transmission of H3N2 IAV from avian to canine species are not well understood. Sequence analysis showed that residue 222 in haemagglutinin (HA) is predominantly tryptophan (W) in the closely related avian H3N2 IAV, but was leucine (L) in canine H3N2 IAV. In this study, reassortant viruses rH3N2-222L (canine-like) and rH3N2-222W (avian-like) with HA mutation L222W were generated using reverse genetics to evaluate the significance of the L222W mutation on receptor binding and host tropism of H3N2 IAV. Compared with rH3N2-222W, rH3N2-222L grew more rapidly in MDCK cells and had significantly higher infectivity in primary canine tracheal epithelial cells. Tissue-binding assays demonstrated that rH3N2-222L had a preference for canine tracheal tissues rather avian tracheal tissues, whereas rH3N2-222W favoured slightly avian rather canine tracheal tissues. Glycan microarray analysis suggested both rH3N2-222L and rH3N2-222W bound preferentially to α2,3-linked sialic acids. However, the rH3N2-222W had more than twofold less binding affinity than rH3N2-222L to a set of glycans with Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-4(Fuca-)-like or Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3(Fuca-)-like structures. These data suggest the W to L mutation at position 222 of the HA could facilitate infection of H3N2 IAV in dogs, possibly by increasing the binding affinities of the HA to specific receptors with Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-4(Fuca-) or Neu5Aca2-3Galb1-3(Fuca-)-like structures that are present in dogs.
Methods for real-time feature-guided image fusion of intrasurgical volumetric optical coherence tomography with digital microscopy (2023)

4D-microscope-integrated optical coherence tomography (4D-MIOCT) is an emergent multimodal imaging technology in which live volumetric OCT (4D-OCT) is implemented in tandem with standard stereo color microscopy. 4D-OCT provides ophthalmic surgeons with many useful visual cues not available in standard microscopy; however it is challenging for the surgeon to effectively integrate cues from simultaneous-but-separate imaging in real-time. In this work, we demonstrate progress towards solving this challenge via the fusion of data from each modality guided by segmented 3D features. In this way, a more readily interpretable visualization that combines and registers important cues from both modalities is presented to the surgeon.