gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Systemic Factors Mediate Reversible Age-Associated Brain Dysfunction (2014)

Brain function declines in aging mammals. Recent work has identified dysregulation of key blood-borne factors whose altered expression during aging diminishes brain function in mice. Increased C-C motif chemokine 11 (CCL11) expression with aging is detrimental to brain function. On the other hand, plasma levels of the trophic factor growth/differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) decrease with aging. Restoration of youthful levels of GDF11 by injection partially restores brain function and neurogenesis by improving endothelial cell function and vasculature. Moreover, GDF11 has a rejuvenative effect on cardiac and skeletal muscle. Decreased type II interferon (IFN-II) and increased type I interferon (IFN-I) signaling during aging at the choroid plexus (CP), which constitutes the brain-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (B-CSF-B), negatively effects brain function. Blood from young mice contains factors that restore IFN-II levels. IFN-II is required for maintenance of the CP, and low IFN-II levels are associated with decreased cognitive abilities. IFN-I levels appear to drive increased CCL11 expression through the CSF. Blood from young animals does not restore IFN-I levels. However, injecting anti-interferon-α/β receptor (IFNAR) antibodies into the CSF inhibits downstream IFN-I gene and protein expression and decreases expression of CCL11, partially restoring neurogenesis and cognitive function. These results suggest that IFN-I plays a critical role in increasing CCL11 during aging of the brain. An emerging theme is that aging-associated loss of function in mammals may involve a set of defined, potentially reversible changes in many tissues and organs, including the brain, permitting development of potential rejuvenative therapies.
P‐188: Memantine lowers amyloid beta levels in neuronal cells and transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease (2007)

Memantine, an uncompetitive antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, is approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is characterized by the extracellular deposition of neurotoxic amyloid β peptide (Aβ), and we have previously reported that memantine can rescue brain cells from the neurotoxic effects of Aβ. The purpose of studies presented here was to investigate the mechanism of neuroprotection from Aβ toxicity, and to determine whether memantine treatment can alleviate cognitive difficulties in transgenic mouse models of AD. A series of studies, performed in different laboratories, used human neuroblastoma cells, primary rat cortical neurons, and transgenic mice to investigate the effects of memantine treatment on Aβ levels and on cognitive impairment associated with an AD-like brain pathology. Memantine at therapeutic doses lowers the levels of Aβ peptides produced by human neuroblastoma cells, primary rat cortical neurons, and transgenic mice with high brain levels of Aβ. Memantine also reduces the cortical and hippocampal plaque burden and improves cognitive performance of transgenic mice on several behavioral tests. The mechanism of action of memantine may affect pathways of amyloid production and accumulation. Taken together, these data suggest a disease-modifying potential for memantine in AD.
Regulation of uveal melanoma interconverted phenotype by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF). (1998)

Human uveal melanoma disseminates initially and preferentially to the liver. This study describes the relationship between the expression of the c-met proto-oncogene (receptor for hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF)) in interconverted uveal melanoma cells (co-expressing vimentin and keratin intermediate filaments) and the regulation of their motogenic response to HGF/SF, a key step in local invasion and targeted dissemination to the liver. Expression of c-met in uveal melanoma cell lines correlates with both the appearance of an interconverted phenotype and invasive ability (measured in vitro). Using chemotactic checkerboard analysis, the greatest motogenic response to HGF/SF was achieved by invasive, interconverted, c-met-positive uveal melanoma cells. C-met was observed histologically in a uveal melanoma containing interconverted cells but was absent in a tumor composed of non-interconverted cells (vimentin positive/keratin negative). The c-met ligand, HGF/SF, although not expressed by uveal melanoma cell lines, was localized in tissue sections of primary uveal melanomas and metastatic melanoma to the liver. In the primary tumor, staining for HGF/SF was most intense at the level of the choriocapillaris, a finding that is significant because 1) highly remodeled neovascular loops and networks, which appear in tumors likely to disseminate, can be traced to the choriocapillaris and the draining vortex veins and 2) HGF/SF plays a role in tumor angiogenesis. Foci of metastatic melanoma to the liver stain diffusely for HGF/SF. Regulation of the uveal melanoma interconverted phenotype by HGF/SF may play an important role in the dissemination of this tumor.
Rock Physics Constrained Anisotropic Tomography - Methodology and Applications to the Gulf of Mexico (2013)

We present a new method for anisotropic velocity model building for seismic imaging. In the paper we describe the method and a case study that uses stochastic rock physics modeling of the non-linear relationships between the anisotropic parameters (epsilon, delta and vertical velocity) to estimate non-stationary covariance functions that are used as a priori information in the tomographic equations. This method allows us to constrain the tomographic updates with rock physics and thus stabilizes tomography. We present the method and a Gulf of Mexico (GoM) case study for anisotropic model building.
Acute Treatment With Omecamtiv Mecarbil to Increase Contractility in Acute Heart Failure (2016)

In patients with AHF, intravenous OM did not meet the primary endpoint of dyspnea improvement, but it was generally well tolerated, it increased systolic ejection time, and it may have improved dyspnea in the high-dose group. (Acute Treatment with Omecamtiv Mecarbil to Increase Contractility in Acute Heart Failure [ATOMIC-AHF]; NCT01300013).
Development of a performance model for telematics equipment in highways (2014)

The authors would like to thank AdI - Innovation Agency, for the financial support awarded through POFC program, for the R&D project SustIMS - Sustainable Infrastructure Management Systems (FCOMP-01-0202-FEDER-023113) and to ISISE - Institute for Sustainability and Innovation in Structural Engineering (PEst-C/ECI/UI4029/2011 FCOM-01-0124-FEDER-022681).
Azidoruthenium(III) Complexes as Precursors for Molecular Nitrogen and Nitrene Complexes (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin: To Cut a Long Story Short (2017)

Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) was identified more than 20 years ago as a secreted factor of a mouse thymic stromal cell line; later, a human orthologue was also identified. The signaling pathway triggered by TSLP has been extensively studied, and upregulation of the cytokine itself is linked to the pathogenesis of numerous Th2-related diseases, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, allergic responses, as well as certain types of cancers. On the other hand, TSLP mediates several immune homeostatic functions in both the gut and the thymus. Thus, a paradox occurs; why is TSLP homeostatic in certain tissues and a hallmark of exacerbated Th2 responses in the aforementioned pathologies? We and others have recently shown that in humans a novel isoform exists; this is a shorter isoform of TSLP whose expression is constitutive and controlled by a separate promoter. Short TSLP isoform mediates the homeostatic functions, whereas the long isoform is expressed at low/undetectable level at steady state and upregulated during inflammation in several tissues. Here we review the most recent data concerning the differential expression of the 2 isoforms and provide a potential explanation to the paradox. TSLP is regarded as a promising target for treatment of relevant pathologies, with a number of clinical trials already underway. It is important to design new strategies aimed at leaving intact the homeostatic effects of the short isoform while targeting the inflammatory effects of the long isoform.
Tuning Ion Conducting Pathways Using Holographic Polymerization (2011)

Polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) with high and controlled ionic conductivity are important for energy-related applications, such as solid-state batteries and fuel cells. Herein we disclose a new strategy to fabricate long-range ordered PEMs with tunable ion conducting pathways using a holographic polymerization (HP) method. By incorporating polymer electrolyte into the carefully selected HP system, electrolyte layers/channels with length scales of a few tens of nanometers to micrometers can be formed with controlled orientation and anisotropy; ionic conductivity anisotropy as high as 37 has been achieved.
Metabolic precision labeling enables selective probing of O-linked N -acetylgalactosamine glycosylation (2020)

Protein glycosylation events that happen early in the secretory pathway are often dysregulated during tumorigenesis. These events can be probed, in principle, by monosaccharides with bioorthogonal tags that would ideally be specific for distinct glycan subtypes. However, metabolic interconversion into other monosaccharides drastically reduces such specificity in the living cell. Here, we use a structure-based design process to develop the monosaccharide probe <i>N</i>-(<i>S</i>)-azidopropionylgalactosamine (GalNAzMe) that is specific for cancer-relevant Ser/Thr(O)-linked <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) glycosylation. By virtue of a branched <i>N</i>-acylamide side chain, GalNAzMe is not interconverted by epimerization to the corresponding <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine analog by the epimerase <i>N</i>-acetylgalactosamine-4-epimerase (GALE) like conventional GalNAc-based probes. GalNAzMe enters O-GalNAc glycosylation but does not enter other major cell surface glycan types including Asn(N)-linked glycans. We transfect cells with the engineered pyrophosphorylase mut-AGX1 to biosynthesize the nucleotide-sugar donor uridine diphosphate (UDP)-GalNAzMe from a sugar-1-phosphate precursor. Tagged with a bioorthogonal azide group, GalNAzMe serves as an O-glycan-specific reporter in superresolution microscopy, chemical glycoproteomics, a genome-wide CRISPR-knockout (CRISPR-KO) screen, and imaging of intestinal organoids. Additional ectopic expression of an engineered glycosyltransferase, "bump-and-hole" (BH)-GalNAc-T2, boosts labeling in a programmable fashion by increasing incorporation of GalNAzMe into the cell surface glycoproteome. Alleviating the need for GALE-KO cells in metabolic labeling experiments, GalNAzMe is a precision tool that allows a detailed view into the biology of a major type of cancer-relevant protein glycosylation.
Simultaneous Screening of the FRAXA and FRAXE Loci for Rapid Detection of FMR1 CGG and/or AFF2 CCG Repeat Expansions by Triplet-Primed PCR (2021)

Moderate to hyper-expansion of trinucleotide repeats at the FRAXA and FRAXE fragile sites, with or without concurrent hypermethylation, has been associated with intellectual disability and other conditions. Unlike molecular diagnosis of FMR1 CGG repeat expansions in FRAXA, current detection of AFF2 CCG repeat expansions in FRAXE relies on low-throughput and otherwise inefficient techniques combining Southern blot analysis and PCR. A novel triplet-primed PCR assay was developed for simultaneous screening for trinucleotide repeat expansions at the FRAXA and FRAXE fragile sites, and was validated using archived clinical samples of known FMR1 and AFF2 genotypes. Population samples and FRAXE-affected samples were sequenced for the evaluation of variations in the AFF2 CCG repeat structure. The duplex assay accurately identified expansions at the FMR1 and AFF2 trinucleotide repeat loci. On Sanger sequencing of the AFF2 CCG repeat, the single-nucleotide polymorphism variant rs868914124(C) that effectively adds two CCG repeats at the 5′-end, was enriched in the Malay population and with short repeats (
Receptive Fields Selection for Binary Feature Description (2014)

Feature description for local image patch is widely used in computer vision. While the conventional way to design local descriptor is based on expert experience and knowledge, learning-based methods for designing local descriptor become more and more popular because of their good performance and data-driven property. This paper proposes a novel data-driven method for designing binary feature descriptor, which we call receptive fields descriptor (RFD). Technically, RFD is constructed by thresholding responses of a set of receptive fields, which are selected from a large number of candidates according to their distinctiveness and correlations in a greedy way. Using two different kinds of receptive fields (namely rectangular pooling area and Gaussian pooling area) for selection, we obtain two binary descriptors RFDR and RFDG .accordingly. Image matching experiments on the well-known patch data set and Oxford data set demonstrate that RFD significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art binary descriptors, and is comparable with the best float-valued descriptors at a fraction of processing time. Finally, experiments on object recognition tasks confirm that both RFDR and RFDG successfully bridge the performance gap between binary descriptors and their floating-point competitors.
Continuous-Flow Fast Atom Bombardment (CF-FAB) (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
The impact of volume loading-induced low pressure baroreflex activation on arterial baroreflex-controlled sympathetic arterial pressure regulation in normal rats (2018)

Although low pressure baroreflex (LPB) has been shown to elicit various cardiovascular responses, its impact on sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) and arterial baroreflex (ABR) function has not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to clarify how volume loading-induced acute LPB activation impacts on SNA and ABR function in normal rats. In 20 anesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats, we isolated bilateral carotid sinuses, controlled carotid sinus pressure (CSP), and measured central venous pressure (CVP), splanchnic SNA, and arterial pressure (AP). We infused blood stepwise (3 mL/kg/step) to activate volume loading-induced LPB. Under the ABR open-loop condition, stepwise volume loading markedly increased SNA by 76.8 ± 21.6% at CVP of 3.6 ± 0.2 mmHg. In contrast, further volume loading suppressed SNA toward the baseline condition. Bilateral vagotomy totally abolished the changes in SNA by volume loading. To assess the impact of LPB on ABR function, we changed CSP stepwise. Low volume loading (CVP = 3.6 ± 0.4 mmHg) significantly shifted the sigmoidal CSP-SNA relationship (central arc) upward from baseline, whereas high volume loading (CVP = 5.4 ± 0.4 mmHg) returned it to the baseline level. Volume loading shifted the linear SNA-AP relationship (peripheral arc) upward without significant changes in slope. In conclusions, volume loading-induced acute LPB activation evoked two-phase changes, an initial increase followed by decline from baseline value, in SNA via resetting of the ABR central arc. LPB may contribute greatly to stabilize AP in response to volume status.
Viewing Tablet: A Pointing System Applicable to any Sheet Object (2003)

We discuss a pointing system, the viewing tablet, that enables input or instructions to be given to information system by the operator viewing a sheet object and pointing out its position in the field of vision. The operator has a small video camera that picks up an image of the partial area including the viewing position and points out an object in the field of vision. The viewing tablet processes the partial area image on the object including the viewing position to detect the position in a part pointed out with a finger and gives input or instructions to information system. A transparent space code sheet is overlapped for use that is added with position information on the sheet object to determine the position in the object from the partial area image. We studied the basic technique required for this pointing system and confirmed its feasibility.
Complete Absolute Configuration of Integramide A, a Natural, 16‐mer Peptide Inhibitor of HIV‐1 Integrase, Elucidated by Total Synthesis (2008)

That elusive chiral pair: The chiral sequence of the nonribosomal, linear, 16-mer peptide integramide A, an HIV-1 integrase A inhibitor, has been fully elucidated. Total independent chemical syntheses of two diastereomers of integramide A (L-Iva14-D-Iva15 and D-Iva14-L-Iva15) in the solution phase, combined with their HPLC and 1D- and 2D-NMR analyses, provide unambiguous evidence that the natural inhibitor has a previously unassigned L-Iva14-D-Iva15 chiral pair.
OFDM-based automotive joint radar-communication system (2018)

We propose a novel automotive joint radar-communication (JRC) system, where the system first transmits OFDM sub-carriers for radar processing followed by sub-carriers enabling radar and communication functionalities. The receiver processing includes iterative estimation of parameters to alleviate the shortage of samples to estimate range. The receiver first estimates the target parameters from the sub-carriers dedicated to radar; these parameters then determine the channel for the communication link. The communication data is then extracted, thereby enabling the use of all the carriers for improving the range estimation. It is shown that the range estimation improves significantly after efficient use of all the sub-carriers. Furthermore, for radar parameter estimation, we propose an effective iterative method based on alternating least square (ALS) to recover the angle of arrival (AoA), Doppler and Range. Numerical results demonstrate the feasibility of our proposed system.
Investigation of Air-Hole Shapes for Direct Emission of Circularly-Polarized Beam from Photonic-Crystal Surface-Emitting Lasers (2017)

We propose photonic-crystal surface-emitting lasers with oblique-triangular-prism-shaped air holes for direct emission of circularly polarized beam. High degree of circular polarization (S3/S0&gt;0.9) can be obtained by appropriate height and tilt angle of air holes.
Use of Polymer Liners for 3D-WLP TSVs: Process, Reliability and Cost (2010)

Imec has developed 3D-WLP TSVs for the last 3 years using either CVD deposited or spin-on applied dielectric polymers as liner isolation. Three types of TSVs in either 100 or 50µm thick Si wafers are fabricated based on thinning first, via last approach where 3D interconnects are implemented on the backside of thinned IC fabricated device wafers. A 3-mask process sequence is implemented for fabrication of all TSV types, however, the process flow and the Si thickness are different for each one of them. All processes employed in the fabrication of the TSVs are performed at low temperature (&lt;200°C) for post CMOS compatibility. The test vehicle used to develop the TSV technologies includes via daisy chains of various lengths connecting different number of vias to determine the TSV resistance and yield. We summarize in this paper, the key aspects of the three types of TSVs in terms of the fabrication, electrical characterization, and reliability; and we present the cost comparison of these TSVs.
Probabilistic pairwise Markov models: application to prostate cancer detection (2009)

Markov Random Fields (MRFs) provide a tractable means for incorporating contextual information into a Bayesian framework. This contextual information is modeled using multiple local conditional probability density functions (LCPDFs) which the MRF framework implicitly combines into a single joint probability density function (JPDF) that describes the entire system. However, only LCPDFs of certain functional forms are consistent, meaning they reconstitute a valid JPDF. These forms are specified by the Gibbs-Markov equivalence theorem which indicates that the JPDF, and hence the LCPDFs, should be representable as a product of potential functions (i.e. Gibbs distributions). Unfortunately, potential functions are mathematical abstractions that lack intuition; and consequently, constructing LCPDFs through their selection becomes an ad hoc procedure, usually resulting in generic and/or heuristic models. In this paper we demonstrate that under certain conditions the LCDPFs can be formulated in terms of quantities that are both meaningful and descriptive: probability distributions. Using probability distributions instead of potential functions enables us to construct consistent LCPDFs whose modeling capabilities are both more intuitive and expansive than typical MRF models. As an example, we compare the efficacy of our so-called probabilistic pairwise Markov models (PPMMs) to the prevalent Potts model by incorporating both into a novel computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for detecting prostate cancer in whole-mount histological sections. Using the Potts model the CAD system is able to detection cancerous glands with a specificity of 0.82 and sensitivity of 0.71; its area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUC) curve is 0.83. If instead the PPMM model is employed the sensitivity (specificity is held fixed) and AUC increase to 0.77 and 0.87.
Static frequency converters with reduced parasitic effects (2004)

Parasitic effects caused by static frequency converters, like EMI, may endanger the reliable operation of drives or turbine shaft arrangements and diminish its lifetime. Converter drive applications for large plants up to 50 MVA can cause shaft voltages up to 500 V/sub PP/ if a non optimised converter design is chosen. This phenomenon is investigated. Design options for the converter and the plant arrangement are discussed. The influence of the most suitable solution and their influence upon electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the shaft voltages is shown and conformed by measurements in real power plants.