gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design, control and testing of a novel compact laparoscopic endoscope manipulator (2003)

This paper describes the development of a compact laparoscopic endoscope manipulator and its command interface for use as a surgical assistant during minimally invasive surgery. The defining feature of the endoscope manipulator is that it is sufficiently small and lightweight to be fixed directly on the abdomen of the patient. The mechanism of the manipulator controls the orientation of the endoscope and its insertion depth. It is actuated by cables inside flexible sleeves connected to a separate enclosure containing analogue controllers, servomotors and rack-and-pinion drives. Compared with floor-standing endoscope manipulators, the described device is easier to set up, cheaper, simpler and allows unrestricted access to the abdomen from all sides of the patient. The pointing accuracy of the device is reduced by the absence of a rigid base, but the resulting compliance to patient motion is an added benefit. The current prototype has been tested on a cadaver. The design and control of the endoscope manipulator continues to evolve in response to testing results and consultation with surgeons, with light weight, small size, simplicity and ease of use as primary considerations. A novel hands-free user control interface for orientation of the endoscope manipulator using an external optical localizer to track surgical instruments is also presented.
Interpolator for infrared images (1993)

The use of focal plane arrays (FPAs) in infrared imaging systems is becoming increasingly important, but in the long wave infrared the number of detector elements in the array is limited by the current state of technology and this in turn restricts the available spatial resolution or field of view. This paper describes an image processing scheme which is able to interpolate and enhance an image in a unified moving window operation. The image is first expanded to the required size by pixel replication and then processed so that the resulting spectrum approximates to that of the original scene. A numerical method has been developed to calculate the interpolator and its use has been demonstrated in a computer simulation.
Transport Properties of a YBa2Cu4O8Crystal under High Pressure (1996)

Measurements of the temperature dependence of the resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{a},{\ensuremath{\rho}}_{b}$, resistance ${R}_{c}$, and thermoelectric power ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{a},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{b},{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{c}$ for a YB${\mathrm{a}}_{2}$C${\mathrm{u}}_{4}$${\mathrm{O}}_{8}$ crystal under high pressure verify that the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sheets are oxidized by pressure-induced electron transfer from the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sheets to the Cu(1)-O double chains. The anomaly in the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$-sheet resistivity ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{a}$ at $T\ensuremath{\approx}170\mathrm{K}$, which moves to a higher temperature on oxidation of the Cu${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ sheets, is correlated to a change in the character of ${R}_{c}$. Our data also demonstrate unambiguously the contribution to the transport properties from Cu-O chains.
ChemInform Abstract: AMIDE, 1‐ADAMANTYLAMIDE OF LEU‐ENKEPHALIN AND LEU‐(D ALA2)ENKEPHALIN (1979)

The synthesis of Leu-enkephalinamide, Leu-enkephalin-1-adamantylamide, Leu-[D Ala2]enkephalinamide and Leu-[D Ala2]enkephalin-1-adamantylamide are described. Preliminary results of pharmacological tests in vitro are reported.
Robust Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Keratinimicin Aglycone Analogues Facilitated by the Structure and Selectivity of OxyB (2023)

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens poses a threat to public health and requires new antimicrobial agents. As the archetypal glycopeptide antibiotic (GPA) used against drug-resistant Gram-positive pathogens, vancomycin provides a promising starting point. Peripheral alterations to the vancomycin scaffold have enabled the development of new GPAs. However, modifying the core remains challenging due to the size and complexity of this compound family. The recent successful chemoenzymatic synthesis of vancomycin suggests that such an approach can be broadly applied. Herein, we describe the expansion of chemoenzymatic strategies to encompass type II GPAs bearing all aromatic amino acids through the production of the aglycone analogue of keratinimicin A, a GPA that is 5-fold more potent than vancomycin against <i>Clostridioides difficile</i>. In the course of these studies, we found that the cytochrome P450 enzyme OxyB<sub>ker</sub> boasts both broad substrate tolerance and remarkable selectivity in the formation of the first aryl ether cross-link on the linear peptide precursors. The X-ray crystal structure of OxyB<sub>ker</sub>, determined to 2.8 Å, points to structural features that may contribute to these properties. Our results set the stage for using OxyB<sub>ker</sub> broadly as a biocatalyst toward the chemoenzymatic synthesis of diverse GPA analogues.
Dihydro Reissert compounds (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDihydro Reissert compoundsMaurice Shamma and Charles David JonesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 9, 3119–3121Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00834a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00834a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views89Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Non-Classical Second-Order Nonlinear Elastic Wave Interactions (2019)

We report a novel ultrasonic measurement technique based on non-classical nonlinear evanescent field interactions. We demonstrate significant enhancement in sensitivity of contactless measurements at interfaces, with the potential to detect material degradation, such as fatigue and ageing, which is currently not possible using linear ultrasonics.
Redefining the TIR domain: From Axon Degeneration to Innate Immunity and Beyond (2019)

Abstract The Toll/Interleukin-1 Receptor (TIR) domain is an evolutionary ancient protein domain, present in numerous receptors and adaptor proteins, and is the signature-signaling domain of Toll-Like Receptors (TLRs). In animals, these TIR domains generally serve as scaffolds that promote the assembly of signaling complexes to trigger activation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and other defense-related products. In plants, TIR domain proteins are known to mediate disease resistance against pathogens, and trigger hypersensitive cell death. However, their mechanism of action has remained elusive. In bacteria, TIR domains have been associated with virulence and defense against some viruses. Here, we redefine the canonical scaffolding function of the TIR domain by showing that TIR domains can possess intrinsic enzymatic activity, and constitute a family of enzymes that cleave the essential metabolic cofactor Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+). We identify the TIR domain of SARM1 as the founding member of the TIR NADase family that triggers axon self-destruction upon axonal injury. We show that the TIR enzymatic activity in conserved in bacteria, and archaea, where in bacteria this NADase activity has recently been linked to defense against viruses. Finally, we extend our findings to plant innate immunity, and show that plant TIR-domain Immune Receptors trigger cell death and transduce recognition of pathogens into an immune response via this conserved enzymatic activity. Altogether, our findings establish TIR domain proteins as a new family of metabolic enzymes, and we posit that the scaffolding function in TLR signaling likely represents a repurposing of this evolutionary ancient enzymatic function.
Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of hemifluorinated glycosurfactants for water/supercritical CO2 emulsions (2010)

Carbohydrates esters, with lipidic moiety, are non-ionic surfactants that have a wide range of commercial applications in cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical industry. They are produced from renewable and inexpensive raw materials, are biodegradable and non-toxic. Chemical synthesis of sugar esters is generally performed at high temperatures in the presence of an alkaline catalyst and leads to a mixture of products. In this respect, the corresponding lipasecatalyzed processes in non-conventional media are more selective.[1]
Vertical Stacked 48V-1V LEGO-PoL CPU Voltage Regulator with 1A/mm2 Current Density (2022)

This paper presents a 48 V–1 V merged-two-stage hybrid-switched-capacitor voltage regulator with a Linear Extendable Group Operated Point-of-Load (LEGO-PoL) architecture for high-current microprocessors, featuring vertical stacked packaging and coupled inductors. The architecture is highly modular and scalable. The switched-capacitor circuits are connected in series on the input side to split the high input voltage into multiple stacked voltage domains. The multiphase buck circuits are connected in parallel to distribute the high output current into multiple parallel current paths. A 780 A vertical stacked CPU voltage regulator with a peak efficiency of 91.1% and a full load efficiency of 79.2% at 1 V output voltage with liquid cooling is built and tested. This is the first demonstration of a 48 V–1 V CPU voltage regulator achieving over 1 A/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> current density and 1,000 W/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> power density. The output voltage is regulated between 0.8 V and 1.5 V through the entire 780 A range.
HEARTMATE III (2000)

PURPOSE: A pump has been designed, built, and run to accommodate a motor with a magnetically levitated rotor for a longterm LVAD (HeartMate III). The goal was to transfer successful hydrodynamic results found in non-biocompatible laboratory prototypes to an implantable, titanium embodiment exhibiting small size, low hemolysis, and low thrombogenicity. METHODS: A simple centrifugal pump housing was constructed in two pieces - an upper housing containing inflow and outflow channels, and a lower housing containing the motor - enclosing an isolated, shrouded, titanium impeller with blades of a number, size, and shape found to be most hydrodynamically efficient near the design point. All stationary, wetted surfaces were textured in order to promote the growth of a stable, adherent pseudoneointima, thereby reducing the complexity of construction and risk of embolus. Attachment of the pump inflow to the left ventricle and of the pump outflow to the aorta was accomplished by adapting established HeartMate I and II techniques. A flexible segment was placed upstream of the pump inflow to improve anatomical fit and decouple the pump from cardiac motion, and to provide a point for clamping and ligation for pump explant. RESULTS: The simple design enabled the relatively fast and inexpensive fabrication and assembly of three pumps. In vitro testing has demonstrated the desired steady-state flow and pressure characteristics (7 Ipm at 135 mmHg achieved at 4800 rpm) and hydrodynamic efficiency (30% at the design point in water). Further, the pumps have met performance requirements in three (40, 27, and 59 days) electively terminated bovine in vivo studies with acceptable hemolysis (4–10 mg/dl plasma free Hb) and no mechanical failures.
Tester-based optical and electrical diagnostic system and techniques (2012)

This paper details tester-based optical and electrical diagnostic system and techniques that aim at diagnosing various types of problems that exist in today's VLSI chips, especially during initial bring-up stage. The versatility of the electrical test creates flexible test controls while optical diagnostic tools, such as emission-based systems, provide a deep understanding of what is going on inside the chip. Tightly integrating both methods produces a powerful diagnostic system and it also opens a door for creating a series of new diagnostic techniques for resolving new families of problems as illustrated in this paper with several examples.
ATLAS: A Small, Light Weight, Time-Synchronized Wind-Turbine Data Acquistion System (1998)

Wind energy researchers at Sandia National Laboratories have developed a small, lightweight, time- synchronized, robust data acquisition system to acquire long-term time-series data on a wind turbine rotor. A commercial data acquisition module is utilized to acquire data simultaneously from multip!e strain-gauge, analog, and digital channels. Acquisition of rotor data at precisely the same times as acquisition of ground data is ensured by slaving the acquisition clocks on the rotor- based data unit and ground-based units to the Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) system with commercial GPS receiver units and custom-built and programmed programmable logic devices. The acquisition clocks will remain synchronized within two microseconds indefinitely. Field tests have confirmed that synchronization can be maintained at rotation rates in excess of 350 rpm, Commercial spread-spectrum radio modems are used to transfer the rotor data to a ground- based computer concurrently with data acquisition, permitting continuous acquisition of data over a period of several hours, days or even weeks.
Resveratrol, EGCG and Vitamins Modulate Activated T Lymphocytes (2021)

Vitamins and bioactives, which are constituents of the food chain, modulate T lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, antibody production, and prevent inflammation and autoimmunity. We investigated the effects of vitamins (vitamin A (VA), D (VD), E (VE)) and bioactives (i.e., resveratrol (Res), epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG)) on the adaptive immune response, as well as their synergistic or antagonistic interactions. Freshly isolated T lymphocytes from healthy individuals were activated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies for 4-5 days in the presence of bioactives and were analyzed by cytofluorometry. Interleukins, cytokines, and chemokines were measured by multiple ELISA. Gene expression was measured by quantitative RT-PCR. Res and EGCG increased CD4 surface intensity. EGCG led to an increased proportion of CD8<sup>+</sup> lymphocytes. Anti-CD3/CD28 activation induced exuberant secretion of interleukins and cytokines by T lymphocyte subsets. VD strongly enhanced T<sub>h</sub>2 cytokines (e.g., IL-5, IL-13), whereas Res and EGCG favored secretion of T<sub>h</sub>1 cytokines (e.g., IL-2, INF-γ). Res and VD mutually influenced cytokine production, but VD dominated the cytokine secretion pattern. The substances changed gene expression of interleukins and cytokines in a similar way as they did secretion. Collectively, VD strongly modulated cytokine and interleukin production and favored T<sub>h</sub>2 functions. Resveratrol and EGCG promoted the T<sub>h</sub>1 response. VA and VE had only a marginal effect, but they altered both T<sub>h</sub>1 and T<sub>h</sub>2 response. In vivo, bioactives might therefore interact with vitamins and support the outcome and extent of the adaptive immune response.
Distributed Stochastic Gradient Descent: Nonconvexity, Nonsmoothness, and Convergence to Local Minima (2020)

In centralized settings, it is well known that stochastic gradient descent (SGD) avoids saddle points and converges to local minima in nonconvex problems. However, similar guarantees are lacking for distributed first-order algorithms. The paper studies distributed stochastic gradient descent (D-SGD)--a simple network-based implementation of SGD. Conditions under which D-SGD avoids saddle points and converges to local minima are studied. First, we consider the problem of computing critical points. Assuming loss functions are nonconvex and possibly nonsmooth, it is shown that, for each fixed initialization, D-SGD converges to critical points of the loss with probability one. Next, we consider the problem of avoiding saddle points. In this case, we again assume that loss functions may be nonconvex and nonsmooth, but are smooth in a neighborhood of a saddle point. It is shown that, for any fixed initialization, D-SGD avoids such saddle points with probability one. Results are proved by studying the underlying (distributed) gradient flow, using the ordinary differential equation (ODE) method of stochastic approximation, and extending classical techniques from dynamical systems theory such as stable manifolds. Results are proved in the general context of subspace-constrained optimization, of which D-SGD is a special case.
Loss of Imprinting of Long QT Intronic Transcript 1 in Colorectal Cancer (2001)

Loss of imprinting (LOI) of the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) and H19 genes on human chromosome 11 has been found not only in childhood tumors but also in common adult cancers including colorectal cancer. Recently, a transcript called LIT1 (long QT intronic transcript 1) has been identified within the KvLQT1 locus on chromosome 11. LIT1 is expressed preferentially from the paternal allele and is transcribed in most human tissues. LOI of LIT1 was found in a considerable number of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) patients, suggesting that it is associated with the etiology of BWS. Since LOI of IGF2 was observed in association with overexpression of IGF2 in colorectal cancer in our previous study, we examined the status of genomic imprinting of LIT1 and H19 in comparison with IGF2 in colorectal cancer. We examined 44 surgically dissected colorectal cancer tissues. Ten of them represented informative cases for LIT1. None of these patients exhibited loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of LIT1, and LOI of LIT1 was observed in 4 of the 10 (40%) informative patients, but not in non-cancerous tissues. Neither LOH nor LOI of H19 was observed. LOI of IGF2 was observed in 4 of 18 (22%) informative patients. These results suggest that LOI of LIT1 is frequently observed in colorectal cancer and may be a useful marker for diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Luminacins. A Family of Capillary Tube Formation Inhibitors from Streptomyces sp. II. Biological Activities. (2000)

Twelve of the fourteen isolated components of the luminacin family were assayed for activity to inhibit capillary tube formation in vitro. Seven of them showed potent activity with IC50 values of less than 0.1 microg/ml in a rat aorta matrix culture model. Luminacin D, the strongest inhibitor, inhibited both endothelial cell proliferation and capillary tube formation. Morphological observation suggested that luminacin D inhibited the rearrangement of endothelial cells in the initial stage of tube formation. Luminacins and their derivatives are good candidates for application as angiogenesis inhibitors with a novel mechanism of action.
Activation of Oxaziridines by Lewis Acids; Application in Enantioselective Sulfoxidations. (2005)

International audience
Pilot Study on Dose-Dependent Effects of Transcranial Photobiomodulation on Brain Electrical Oscillations: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)

Background: Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) has recently emerged as a potential cognitive enhancement technique and clinical treatment for various neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders by delivering invisible near-infrared light to the scalp and increasing energy metabolism in the brain. Objective: We assessed whether transcranial photobiomodulation with near-infrared light modulates cerebral electrical activity through electroencephalogram (EEG) and cerebral blood flow (CBF). Methods: We conducted a single-blind, sham-controlled pilot study to test the effect of continuous (c-tPBM), pulse (p-tPBM), and sham (s-tPBM) transcranial photobiomodulation on EEG oscillations and CBF using diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS) in a sample of ten healthy subjects [6F/4 M; mean age 28.6±12.9 years]. c-tPBM near-infrared radiation (NIR) (830 nm; 54.8 mW/cm2; 65.8 J/cm2; 2.3 kJ) and p-tPBM (830 nm; 10 Hz; 54.8 mW/cm2; 33%; 21.7 J/cm2; 0.8 kJ) were delivered concurrently to the frontal areas by four LED clusters. EEG and DCS recordings were performed weekly before, during, and after each tPBM session. Results: c-tPBM significantly boosted gamma (t = 3.02, df = 7, p &lt; 0.02) and beta (t = 2.91, df = 7, p &lt; 0.03) EEG spectral powers in eyes-open recordings and gamma power (t = 3.61, df = 6, p &lt; 0.015) in eyes-closed recordings, with a widespread increase over frontal-central scalp regions. There was no significant effect of tPBM on CBF compared to sham. Conclusion: Our data suggest a dose-dependent effect of tPBM with NIR on cerebral gamma and beta neuronal activity. Altogether, our findings support the neuromodulatory effect of transcranial NIR.
Airborne Nanoparticle Exposures while Using Constant-Flow, Constant-Velocity, and Air-Curtain-Isolated Fume Hoods (2009)

Tsai et al. (Airborne nanoparticle exposures associated with the manual handling of nanoalumina and nanosilver in fume hoods. J Nanopart Res 2009; 11: 147-61) found that the handling of dry nanoalumina and nanosilver inside laboratory fume hoods can cause a significant release of airborne nanoparticles from the hood. Hood design affects the magnitude of release. With traditionally designed fume hoods, the airflow moves horizontally toward the hood cupboard; the turbulent airflow formed in the worker wake region interacts with the vortex in the constant-flow fume hood and this can cause nanoparticles to be carried out with the circulating airflow. Airborne particle concentrations were measured for three hood designs (constant-flow, constant-velocity, and air-curtain hoods) using manual handling of nanoalumina particles. The hood operator's airborne nanoparticle breathing zone exposure was measured over the size range from 5 nm to 20 mum. Experiments showed that the exposure magnitude for a constant-flow hood had high variability. The results for the constant-velocity hood varied by operating conditions, but were usually very low. The performance of the air-curtain hood, a new design with significantly different airflow pattern from traditional hoods, was consistent under all operating conditions and release was barely detected. Fog tests showed more intense turbulent airflow in traditional hoods and that the downward airflow from the double-layered sash to the suction slot of the air-curtain hood did not cause turbulence seen in other hoods.
Energy-Throughput Optimization for Wireless ARQ Protocol (2006)

We consider energy-efficient resource allocation for wireless fading channels. We study the case where a sliding window ARQ protocol such as Go-Back-N is used to provide reliable communication. In particular, we consider power allocation policies that take into account the underlying window dynamics. An optimal dynamic programming approach and a sub-optimal approach based on renewal theory are given. Numerical results comparing these approaches are also presented.
Cooperative Positioning in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks Supported by Stationary Vehicles (2015)

In this paper, we consider the use of stationary vehicles as tools to enhance the localisation capabilities of moving vehicles in a VANET. We examine the idea in terms of its potential benefits, technical requirements, algorithmic design and experimental evaluation. Simulation results are given to illustrate the efficacy of the technique.