gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Humidity-dependent phase state of SOA particles from biogenic and anthropogenic precursors (2012)

Abstract. The physical phase state (solid, semi-solid, or liquid) of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) particles has important implications for a number of atmospheric processes. We report the phase state of SOA particles spanning a wide range of oxygen to carbon ratios (O/C), used here as a surrogate for SOA oxidation level, produced in a flow tube reactor by photo-oxidation of various atmospherically relevant surrogate anthropogenic and biogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The phase state of laboratory-generated SOA was determined by the particle bounce behavior after inertial impaction on a polished steel substrate. The measured bounce fraction was evaluated as a function of relative humidity and SOA oxidation level (O/C) measured by an Aerodyne high resolution time of flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF AMS). The main findings of the study are: (1) Biogenic and anthropogenic SOA particles are found to be solid or semi-solid until a relative humidity of at least 50 % RH at impaction is reached. (2) Long-chain alkanes produce liquid SOA particles when generated at low oxidation level of O/C&lt;0.2, but at higher oxidation levels they solidify. (3) Increasing sulphuric acid (H2SO4) within the SOA particles reduces the threshold of humidity-induced phase changes. (4) The bounce behavior of the various SOA systems did not show a consistent linear relationship with the particle O/C. Rather, the molar mass of the gas-phase VOC precursor showed a positive correlation with the resistance to the RH-induced phase change of the formed SOA particles.
Repetitively pulsed slab waveguide rf-excited CO 2 laser (1997)

Research and development of pulsed-repetitively slab rf- excited carbon-dioxide laser is presented. The experiments were carried out for two modes operation: meander mode (duty factor delta equals 50%) and pulse repetition mode at delta equals 12.5%. The range of 240 divided by 4000 Hz of pulse repetition frequency was used. Pulse power about 400 W for meander mode and up to 700 W for the second mode have been obtained. Input power, radiation pulse shape and output beam divergence were measured.
Controlling the Surface of Semiconductor Nanocrystals for Efficient Light Emission from Single Excitons to Multiexcitons (2015)

Semiconductor nanostructures have shown promise for light emission across various intensity regimes. Desired performance objectives of photoluminescence efficiency, low gain threshold, large gain lifetime and bandwidth have not been met by any one nanocrystal. A physical understanding of the design principles governing these objectives is also lacking. We show that a carefully engineered CdSe/Cd,Zn,S core/shell nanocrystal uniquely meets all criteria. The key factor allowing for these improvements is the gradual core/shell boundary, which decouples the surface electronic states.
A new theory of electronic surface states (1981)

Presently, state-of-the-art theoretical studies of elementary excitations at surfaces involve large, time consuming, and often cumbersome calculations, which are not very practical for surfaces with low symmetry. A new method has just been developed that directly yields more information and is computationally faster (by an order of magnitude) than any current method available. This method will allow calculations of complicated surface systems not previously possible. The ingredients of the theory are any semi-infinite system of atomic layers, any set of basis functions spanning each layer, and one single matrix which depends only on the interaction matrix elements among the atomic layers. What is remarkable is that the eigenanalysis of this matrix gives a complete quantum mechanical description of the elementary excitations of the system. Therefore with just a diagonalization of this matrix, the knowledge of its eigenvalues and eigenvectors give directly (1) the projected bandstructure (without having to diagonalize the bulk Hamiltonian for a large number of K⊥’s); (2) the bona fide surface bands with high accuracy (without the need of a bulk Green function first); (3) the surface Green function as a function of energy E+iδ, in the correct limit that δ→o! (without the need to solve slowly convergent iterative equations for complex energies); and (4) the precise decay length, orbital character, and symmetry of the wave function. The method, although versatile, is also conceptually simple. All the properties mentioned above are obtained from a simple set of rules. A tutorial discussion of the formalism will be presented along with several instructive examples illustrating its use.
Healable network polymers bearing flexible poly(lauryl methacrylate) chains via thermo‐reversible furan‐maleimide diels–alder reaction (2017)

ABSTRACT A new ATRP initiator containing two furyl rings, namely, bis(furan‐2‐ylmethyl) 2‐bromopentanedioate was synthesized starting from commercially available l ‐glutamic acid as a precursor. Well‐defined bisfuryl‐terminated poly(lauryl methacrylate) macromonomers with molecular weight and dispersity in the range 5000–12,000 g mol −1 and 1.30–1.37, respectively, were synthesized employing the initiator by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). Independently, 1,1′,1″‐(nitrilotris(ethane‐2,1‐diyl))tris(1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione) was synthesized as a tris‐maleimide counterpart for furan‐maleimide click reaction. Thermo‐reversible network polymer bearing flexible poly(lauryl methacrylate; (PLMA) chains was obtained by furan‐maleimide Diels–Alder click reaction of bisfuryl‐terminated PLMA with 1,1′,1″‐(nitrilotris(ethane‐2,1‐diyl))tris(1H‐pyrrole‐2,5‐dione). The prepared network polymer showed retro‐Diels–Alder reaction in the temperature range 110–170 °C as determined from DSC analysis. The presence of low Tg (–40 °C) PLMA chains induced chain mobility to the network structure which led to the complete scratch healing of the coating at 60 °C in five days due to furan‐maleimide adduct formation. The storage modulus of the network polymer was found to be 3.7 × 10 4 Pa at the constant angular frequency of 5 rad/sec and strain of 0.5%. The regular reversal of storage ( G ′) and loss modulus ( G ″) was observed with repeated heating (40 to 110 °C) and cooling cycles (110 to 40 °C) at constant angular frequency and strain. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017 , 55 , 2700–2712
Clinical application of the 10‐MHz electronic linear array scanner (1985)

A 10-MHz electronic linear array real-time scanner was developed. The axial resolution was 0.26 mm at the -20dB ring down point. The display field was 6.0 cm in width. Excellent high-resolution sonograms of the thyroid, breast and other diseases were obtained using this scanner.
Mdm2/Mdmx and Mdm2/c‐Abl Interactions are Accompanied by Reductions in Mdm2/p53 interaction in Zinc‐Depleted Human Hepatoblastoma Cells (2009)

Mdmx has been shown to interact with Mdm2, interfere with Mdm2 degradation, and inhibit Mdm2‐mediated p53 degradation. The influence of zinc deficiency on the interaction of Mdm2/p53, Mdm2/Mdmx, and cAbl/Mdm2 was examined in human hepatoblastoma (HepG2) cells. Cells were cultured in zinc‐deficient (ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 with 0.2 and 0.4 uM zinc, respectively) or zinc normal (ZN with 4 uM zinc) medium. Mdm2/p53, Mdmx/Mdm2, and c‐Abl/mdm2 interactions were detected by Immunoprecipitation assays. Interestingly, Mdm2/p53 interaction was significantly decreased in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells as compared with ZN cells. In addition, Mdm2/p53 interaction was significantly lower in ZD0.2 cells as compared with ZD0.4 cells. Importantly, the amount of Mdmx bound to Mdm2 was increased in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells as compared with ZN cells. c‐Abl/Mdm2 interaction was higher in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cell than in ZN cells. Moreover, p‐Tyr of Mdm2, which is known to impair the interaction of Mdm2 with p53, was found to be higher in ZD cells as compared with ZN cells. Zinc depletion in ZD0.2 and ZD0.4 cells increased the phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 and 392 but not at serine 20. In conclusion, we believe that this increase in phosphorylation of p53 at serine 15 is the most direct way that zinc deficiency stabilizes p53 and enhances the accumulation of nuclear p53 and Mdm2 in zinc deficient HepG2 cells. Moreover, Mdm2 interacts with Mdmx or c‐Abl and may also contribute to the accumulation of nuclear p53 and Mdm2 in zinc deficient cells.
Object recognition using three-dimensional optical quasi-correlation (2002)

A novel method of three-dimensional (3-D) object recognition is proposed. Several projections of a 3-D target are recorded under white-light illumination and fused into a single complex two-dimensional function. After proper filtering, the resulting function is coded into a computer-generated hologram. When this hologram is coherently illuminated, a correlation space is reconstructed such that light peaks indicate the existence and locations of true targets in the observed 3-D scene. Experimental results and comparisons with results of another 3-D object recognition technique are presented.
The von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor protein controls ciliogenesis by orienting microtubule growth (2006)

Cilia are specialized organelles that play an important role in several biological processes, including mechanosensation, photoperception, and osmosignaling. Mutations in proteins localized to cilia have been implicated in a growing number of human diseases. In this study, we demonstrate that the von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) protein (pVHL) is a ciliary protein that controls ciliogenesis in kidney cells. Knockdown of pVHL impeded the formation of cilia in mouse inner medullary collecting duct 3 kidney cells, whereas the expression of pVHL in VHL-negative renal cancer cells rescued the ciliogenesis defect. Using green fluorescent protein-tagged end-binding protein 1 to label microtubule plus ends, we found that pVHL does not affect the microtubule growth rate but is needed to orient the growth of microtubules toward the cell periphery, a prerequisite for the formation of cilia. Furthermore, pVHL interacts with the Par3-Par6-atypical PKC complex, suggesting a mechanism for linking polarity pathways to microtubule capture and ciliogenesis.
A generic topology selection method for analog circuits with embedded circuit sizing demonstrated on the OTA example (2017)

We present a new methodology for automatic selection and sizing of analog circuits demonstrated on the OTA circuit class. The methodology consists of two steps: a generic topology selection method supported by a “part-sizing” process and subsequent final sizing. The circuit topologies provided by a reuse library are classified in a topology tree. The appropriate topology is selected by traversing the topology tree starting at the root node. The decision at each node is gained from the result of the part-sizing, which is in fact a node-specific set of simulations. The final sizing is a simulation-based optimization. We significantly reduce the overall simulation effort compared to a classical simulation-based optimization by combining the topology selection with the part-sizing process in the selection loop. The result is an interactive user friendly system, which eases the analog designer's work significantly when compared to typical industrial practice in analog circuit design. The topology selection method and sizing process are implemented as a tool into a typical analog design environment. The design productivity improvement achievable by our method is shown by a comparison to other design automation approaches.
Tetracyclosqualene and Its Bearing on the Structure of Cyclized Rubber (1964)

Abstract Recently we reported that cyclized rubber consists of six-membered rings fused into predominantly bicyclic structures which are connected by methylene groups and/or uncyclized isoprene units. Each of the fused ring structures is presumed to contain a single tetra-, tri- or di-substituted double bond, the relative amounts of which are in the order, tetra- &gt; tri- &gt; di-substituted. The predominantly bicyclic structure was not rigorously established, but it was considered reasonable on the basis of a comparison of the nmr spectra of cyclized cis -polyisoprene and cyclized cis -poly (2-methyl- d 3 -1,3-butadiene-1,1- d 2 ). However, although a predominantly monocyclic structure was clearly excluded, it was not possible to rule out a structure in which the average number of rings per fused segment (“cyclicity”) exceeds two and may even be as high as three. In an effort to determine this cyclicity more accurately, we now compare the nmr and ir spectra of cyclized cis - and trans -polyisoprenes with the corresponding spectra of tetracyclosqualene (TCS). The latter is known to have a structure consisting of two bicyclic segments connected by two methylene groups.
Inhibition of the amino‐acid transporter LAT1 demonstrates anti‐neoplastic activity in medulloblastoma (2019)

Most cases of medulloblastoma (MB) occur in young children. While the overall survival rate can be relatively high, current treatments combining surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy are very destructive for patient development and quality of life. Moreover, aggressive forms and recurrences of MB cannot be controlled by classical therapies. Therefore, new therapeutic approaches yielding good efficacy and low toxicity for healthy tissues are required to improve patient outcome. Cancer cells sustain their proliferation by optimizing their nutrient uptake capacities. The L-type amino acid transporter 1 (LAT1) is an essential amino acid carrier overexpressed in aggressive human cancers that was described as a potential therapeutic target. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of JPH203, a LAT1-specific pharmacological inhibitor, on two independent MB cell lines belonging to subgroups 3 (HD-MB03) and Shh (DAOY). We show that while displaying low toxicity towards normal cerebral cells, JPH203 disrupts AA homeostasis, mTORC1 activity, proliferation and survival in MB cells. Moreover, we demonstrate that a long-term treatment with JPH203 does not lead to resistance in MB cells. Therefore, this study suggests that targeting LAT1 with JPH203 is a promising therapeutic approach for MB treatment.
Comparing the Damping Capabilities of different Fast-Frequency Controlled Demand Technologies (2021)

Modern power systems require an additional supply of fast-frequency reserves to cope with the reduction in overall system inertia and damping caused by the increasing share of inverter-interfaced generation. Batteries are commonly referred to as the most promising option to provide such reserves due to their fast activation capabilities. In this work, we show that inverter-interfaced thermal loads, i.e. heat pumps and refrigeration, tend to accommodate a slightly quicker response than batteries and can thus compete with their dynamic characteristics. To this end, we derive characteristic single-input single-output transfer functions that describe the linearized response of different technologies and include detailed load characteristics. The performed time-domain studies for a low-inertia scenario clearly show that thermal loads can improve frequency damping to the same extent as batteries.
Separating Input/Output Automata With Nondeterministic Behavior (2020)

When deriving tests for checking functional and nonfunctional requirements for components of control systems, the notion of separablity becomes very important that is used for distinguishing the fault-free component from a faulty one. In order to do this, proper separating sequences are utilized. Such sequences are well studied for complete and deterministic Finite State Machines but components of control systems can be only partially described and their behavior can be nondeterministic. In this paper, we consider the formal model of Input/Output automata, introduce the notion of a separating sequence for two such automata and propose an approach for deriving such a separating sequence.
Largely Suppressed Magneto-Thermal Conductivity and Enhanced Magneto-Thermoelectric Properties in PtSn 4 (2020)

Highly conductive topological semimetals with exotic electronic structures offer fertile ground for the investigation of the electrical and thermal transport behavior of quasiparticles. Here, we find that the layer-structured Dirac semimetal PtSn<sub>4</sub> exhibits a largely suppressed thermal conductivity under a magnetic field. At low temperatures, a dramatic decrease in the thermal conductivity of PtSn<sub>4</sub> by more than two orders of magnitude is obtained at 9 T. Moreover, PtSn<sub>4</sub> shows both strong longitudinal and transverse thermoelectric responses under a magnetic field. Large power factor and Nernst power factor of approximately 80-100 <i>μ</i>W·cm<sup>-1</sup>·K<sup>-2</sup> are obtained around 15 K in various magnetic fields. As a result, the thermoelectric figure of merit <i>zT</i> is strongly enhanced by more than 30 times, compared to that without a magnetic field. This work provides a paradigm for the decoupling of the electron and hole transport behavior of highly conductive topological semimetals and is helpful for developing topological semimetals for thermoelectric energy conversion.
Query Significance in Databases via Randomizations (2009)

Many sorts of structured data are commonly stored in a multi-relational format of interrelated tables. Under this relational model, exploratory data analysis can be done by using relational queries. As an example, in the Internet Movie Database (IMDb) a query can be used to check whether the average rank of action movies is higher than the average rank of drama movies. We consider the problem of assessing whether the results returned by such a query are statistically significant or just a random artifact of the structure in the data. Our approach is based on randomizing the tables occurring in the queries and repeating the original query on the randomized tables. It turns out that there is no unique way of randomizing in multi-relational data. We propose several randomization techniques, study their properties, and show how to find out which queries or hypotheses about our data result in statistically significant information. We give results on real and generated data and show how the significance of some queries vary between different randomizations.
Effects of chemical composition and skin layer on compression properties of porous aluminum (2013)

Porous aluminum alloys prepared by a precursor method inherently develop a thin solid layer, also known as the skin layer, on their surface. Formation of a skin layer is a characteristic feature of the precursor method, and it affects certain compressive properties of the alloy. Furthermore, investigating the effect of changes in the aluminum alloy composition on the compressive properties is important. In this study, the effects of the skin layer on several compressive properties were investigated for two different porous aluminum alloys developed by the precursor method: AA6061 and Al–7mass% Si. The plateau stress and energy absorption of both alloys increased with increasing bulk density, irrespective of whether the skin layer was present or not. In the case of the porous AA6061 alloy, the skin layer did not affect the plateau stress; however, the plateau strain increased under large deformation because the skin layer peeled off under relatively small deformations in the compression test, causing a decrease in the relative density of the specimen. In the case of the Al–7%Si alloy, the skin layer affected stress oscillation and the plateau stress became unstable. Peeling of the skin layer also increased the plateau strain, resulting in increased energy absorption.
Decentralized Water Purification Using Novel Membrane Filtration Technology Approach to Improve Community Health (2019)

Introduction: In rural communities in regions with limited resources the provision of clean water remains challenging. Fecal contamination of water is very common and results in a high incidence of diarrhea, subsequent acute kidney injury and mortality particularly in the very young and old. Membrane filtration is a practical solution to this problem and recent innovation allows membrane filtration using recycled hemodialyzers. We, Easy Water for Everyone, have quantified the systematic effect on health outcomes. Material and Methods: Between 02/2018 and 12/2018, 4 communities in rural Ghana (in the Greater-Accra region) were each provided with a high-volume membrane filtration devices (NUF 500; NuFiltration using recycled hemodialyzers). Health data from montly household surveys and chart review in local healthcare facilities were collected with approval from Ghana Health Services. Specifically, data was collected on gastrointestinal disease, acute kidney injury and therapeutic interventions. Incidence rates for a five-months period before and after implementation of the device were calculated and compared to rates during the same months from 4 neighboring communities that were not yet provided with the device. Results: Acceptance of the devices and the purified water in the studied villages was good and self-reported data of 1130 villagers over 10 months from 9 studied communities in rural Ghana (11% younger than 5 years and 14 % older than 65 years) were included in this analysis. The overall monthly incidence rate of diarrhea showed a decline following the implementation of the device in the 4 study villages from a mean of 0.18 to 0.05 cases per person-month for a reduction in rates by 72% (rate ratio = 0.27). By contrast, the control group of 4 villages in the same region showed no decline in mean rates during the same months as the study period with mean rates changing not significantly from 0.11 to 0.08 cases per person-month. Discussion: Provision of a hemodialyzer membrane filtration device markedly improves health outcomes as measured by diarrhea incidence within rural communities. While our data awaits confirmation in a larger population and further statistical analyses accounting for village characteristics, seasonality and subject demographics, the obvious decline in incidence rates supports widespread use of hemodialyzer membrane filtration devices, particularly in rural regions. Rollout of the device in further sites will likely increase our understanding in terms of risk and other preventive factors modifying the incidence of diarrhea and subsequent acute kidney injury.
Learning object models from appearance (1993)

We address the problem of automatically learning object models for recognition and pose estimation. In contrast to the traditional approach, we formulate the recognition problem as one of matching visual appearance than shape. The appearance of an object in a two-dimensional image depends on its shape, reflectance properties, pose in the scene, and the illummation conditions. While shape and reflectance are intrinsic properties of an object and are constant, pose and illumination vary from scene to scene. We present a new compact representation of object appearance that is parametrized by pose and illumination. For each object of interest, a large set of Images is obtained by automatically varying pose and illumination. This large image set is compressed to obtain a low-dimensional subspace, called the eigenspace, in which the object is represented as a hypersurface. Given an unknown input image, the recognition system projects the image onto the eigenspace. The object is recognized based on the hypersurface it lies on. The exact position of the projection on the hypersurface determines the object's pose in the image. We have conducted experiments usmg several objects with complex appearance characteristics. These results suggest the proposed appearance representation to be a valuable tool for a variety of machine vision applications.
Circulating serum miRNAs as potential biomarkers for nephroblastoma (2015)

In summary, we provide first evidence that serum miR-100-5p and -130b-3p hold potential as biomarker for WT irrespective of the subtype and that expression level of these miRNA in serum is unaffected by differences in serum collection.