gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Degradation Phenomena in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Operation With Dead-Ended Anode (2011)

Dead-ended anode (DEA) operation of Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell (PEFC) can simplify the fuel cell auxiliary and reduce system cost, however durability and lifetime in this operating mode requires further study. In this work, we investigate the electrode and membrane degradations of one 50 cm2 active area fuel cell under DEA operation using a combination of post-mortem evaluation and in-situ performance evaluation protocol. We experimentally identify multiple degradation patterns using a cell which we have previously modeled and experimentally verified the spatio-temporal patterns associated with the anode water flooding and nitrogen blanketing. The change in cell voltage and internal resistance during operation and ex situ Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of aged electrode/membrane are analysed to determine and characterize the degradation of the membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Chemical degradations including carbon corrosion in the catalyst layer and membrane decomposition are found after operating the cell with a DEA. Mechanical degradations including membrane delamination are also observed. Unique features of DEA operation including fuel starvation/nitrogen blanketing in the anode and uneven local water/current distribution, are considered as culprits for degradation.
Automated High-Throughput Hermetic Failure Monitoring System for Millimeter-Sized Wireless Implantable Medical Devices (2019)

This paper presents an automated high-throughput hermetic failure monitoring system for millimeter-sized wireless implantable biomedical devices (IMDs). To protect the electronics from the harsh body environment as well as the body from potential toxic chemicals in the package of the IMDs, a lifetime estimation for the hermetic package of the IMDs is essential as a key part of IMD design and development. However, traditional leak tests are not suitable for the small form factor of mm-sized IMDs. The presented automated hermetic failure monitoring system can enable lifetime estimations for multiple mm-sized wireless IMDs at low cost and in a user-friendly setup. Thereby, liquid/vapor ingression into the IMD package is monitored by registering the phase-dip frequency shift of a passive LC tank. Exposing 1.3×1.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> sized IMDs to an accelerated testing environment (1 atm, 100% RH, and 80 °C), a 186 kHz frequency resolution and a signal to noise ratio (SNR = 10log(△φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">dip</sub> /φ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">noise</sub> )) of 21.8 ± 0.8 dB were achieved within an operating frequency range of 50-200 MHz and at 0.4 mm interrogation distance.
Plasmid-encoded expression of lipopolysaccharide O-antigenic polysaccharide in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (1987)

The role of a plasmid in the virulence activity of an enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) strain belonging to serotype 0111:NM was examined. EPEC strain B171, which is resistant to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfathiazole, and tetracycline, harbors a 54-megadalton plasmid, pYR111, and exhibits localized adherence (LA) with HeLa cells. Curing the plasmid yielded strain B171-4, which had lost the ability to exhibit LA, resistance to the antibiotics, and the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O-antigenic polysaccharide. To confirm that these phenotypic characteristics were specified by pYR111, the plasmid was transferred by conjugation into a nalidixic acid-resistant strain of E. coli HB101. LA and antimicrobial resistance were expressed in most of the transconjugants examined. The O-polysaccharide side chains, antigenically reactive with O111-specific antiserum, were also expressed by the transconjugants. Although EPEC plasmids coding for both drug resistance and LA have been described, an EPEC plasmid encoding the expression of an LPS O antigen has not been previously reported. Similar findings described for some Shigella and Salmonella strains suggest that plasmid-encoded modification of the LPS in some enteric bacterial species may be more common than previously recognized and may contribute to the characteristic virulence activity of the organism.
A physical layer for the CAN bus using modulated PLC (2005)

In this paper, we describe a physical layer for the CAN bus using PLC. Our application is a low-data-rate sensor network used to monitor railroad crossing warning systems.
Phosphorylation of Tyrosine Residues in the Kinase Domain and Juxtamembrane Region Regulates the Biological and Catalytic Activities of Eph Receptors (2000)

Members of the Eph family of receptor tyrosine kinases exhibit a striking degree of amino acid homology, particularly notable in the kinase and membrane-proximal regions. A mutagenesis approach was taken to address the functions of specific conserved tyrosine residues within these catalytic and juxtamembrane domains. Ligand stimulation of wild-type EphB2 in neuronal NG108-15 cells resulted in an upregulation of catalytic activity and an increase in cellular tyrosine phosphorylation, accompanied by a retraction of neuritic processes. Tyrosine-to-phenylalanine substitutions within the conserved juxtamembrane motif abolished these responses. The mechanistic basis for these observations was examined using the highly related EphA4 receptor in a continuous coupled kinase assay. Tandem mass spectrometry experiments confirmed autophosphorylation of the two juxtamembrane tyrosine residues and also identified a tyrosine within the kinase domain activation segment as a phosphorylation site. Kinetic analysis revealed a decreased affinity for peptide substrate upon substitution of activation segment or juxtamembrane tyrosines. Together, our data suggest that the catalytic and therefore biological activities of Eph receptors are controlled by a two-component inhibitory mechanism, which is released by phosphorylation of the juxtamembrane and activation segment tyrosine residues.
The Characterization Of Structural Disorder In Thin Films At Elevated Temperatures By Spectroscopic Methods (1985)

Changes in the IR bandshapes and shifts in frequency can provide an insight into the nature of molecular motion occurring prior to structural reorganization which accompanies a phase transition. In the case of Langmuir-Blodgett films of polymerizable molecules, often there is competition between polymerization and the occurence of structural disorder when monomeric films are subjected to elevated temperatures. To distinguish these two mechanisms, a series of melting experiments on L-B films of cadmium arachidate were under-taken using grazing incidence reflection techniques to assess the change in molecular orientation and order as a function of temperature: the spectroscopic observations being correlated with DSC measurements. Similar thermal and spectroscopic studies of octadecyl-fumarate [H(CH2)100C(0)CHCHC00],Cd indicated that although the resulting polymer was structurally similar to that obtained by UV irradiation at ambient temperature, the orientation of the hydrocarbon side chain and the backbone bridging group (-0C(0)CHCH-) was disrupted owing to the thermal disorder introduced prior to or at the time of polymerization.
DISTAL RELEASE VERSUS TRANSFER OF THE RECTUS FEMORIS MUSCLE FOR TREATMENT OF AMBULATORY PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY. (2005)

Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of distal rectus femoris (RF) release versus transfer to treat gait abnormalities of the knee in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Patients & Methods: Thirty-nine children were included in this study. Thirty patients (55 limbs) underwent RF transfer at a mean age of 11.8 years. and nine (16 limbs) underwent distal rectus release at a mean age of 12.5 years. Indications for surgery included RF contracture and abnormal activity during swing phase in dynamic electromyography (EMG), whether with the presence of kinematic characteristics of stiff-knee gait or not. All patients had pre- and postoperative gait analysis and EMG. To evaluate functional outcomes, patients were grouped by pre-operative knee kinematics (normal; swing-phase peak knee flexion (PKF) 50° happening later than 77% of the cycle). All data was analyzed statistically. Results: For the group of patients with PNF 50° and later than 77% of the cycle, showed significant improvement in timing after both procedures (p=.001; p=.02). When kinematic parameters were normal before surgery, they did not improved, although patients experienced a significant decrease of muscle contractures. Conclusions: According to the results of this study, RF transfer would be the preferred procedure for those patients with preoperative swing-phase knee flexion
Evaluating the Fairness Impact of Differentially Private Synthetic Data (2022)

Differentially private (DP) synthetic data is a promising approach to maximizing the utility of data containing sensitive information. Due to the suppression of underrepresented classes that is often required to achieve privacy, however, it may be in conflict with fairness. We evaluate four DP synthesizers and present empirical results indicating that three of these models frequently degrade fairness outcomes on downstream binary classification tasks. We draw a connection between fairness and the proportion of minority groups present in the generated synthetic data, and find that training synthesizers on data that are pre-processed via a multi-label undersampling method can promote more fair outcomes without degrading accuracy.
Modified Antisense Oligonucleotides Directed against Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Type I Inhibit Tumor Necrosis Factor α-Mediated Functions (1997)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha), a polypeptide produced by activated macrophages, is a highly pleiotropic cytokine which elicits inflammatory and immunological reactions. The binding of TNF alpha to tumor necrosis factor receptor type I (TNFRI) is considered the initial step responsible for some of the multiple biological functions mediated by TNF alpha. The role of TNF alpha as an inflammatory mediator through human TNFRI makes TNFRI an attractive target for intervention in both acute and chronic inflammatory diseases. In this study, we have identified partial phosphorothioate oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ODNs) containing C-5 propynyl or hexynyl derivatives of 2'-deoxyuridine which specifically inhibited TNFRI and subsequently inhibited the functions of TNF alpha mediated through TNFRI. The most active ODNs were directed against the 3'-poly adenylation signal site on the TNFRI mRNA, and in a cellular assay, gene-specific antisense inhibition occurred in a dose-dependent fashion at submicromolar concentrations, in the presence of Cellfectin. The inhibition of gene expression correlated with the binding affinity of the ODN for the target mRNA. The ODNs lowered TNFRI protein levels and TNF alpha-mediated functions by specifically reducing levels of TNFRI mRNA. These anti-TNFRI ODNs offer a novel approach for controlling biological functions of TNF alpha and may be useful as human therapeutic agents for treating diseases in which TNF alpha has been implicated.
Identification of Novel Epoxide Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Using a High-Throughput Screen (2007)

Using our high-throughput hepatitis C replicon assay to screen a library of over 8,000 novel diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS) compounds, we identified several novel compounds that regulate hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication, including two libraries of epoxides that inhibit HCV replication (best 50% effective concentration, < 0.5 microM). We then synthesized an analog of these compounds with optimized activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diazabutadienes in Heterocyclic Syntheses. Preparation of Pyrimidin‐6‐ ones by Reaction of 4‐Dialkylamino‐1,3‐diaza‐1,3‐butadienes with 2‐ Oxazolin‐5‐ones. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Digitizing Personal Experiences: Capture and Retrieval of Life Log (2005)

In wearable computing environments, digitization of personal experiences will be made possible by continuous recordings using a wearable video camera. This could lead to the ``automatic life-log application''. However, it is evident that the resulting amount of video content will be enormous. Accordingly, to retrieve and browse desired scenes, a vast quantity of video data must be organized using structural information. We are developing a ``context-based video retrieval system for life-log applications''. Our life log system captures video, audio, acceleration sensor, gyro, GPS, annotations, documents, web pages, and emails, and provides functions that make efficient video browsing and retrieval possible by using data from these sensors, some databases and various document data.
Combining Model-based and Discriminative Approaches in a Modular Two-stage Classification System: Application to Isolated Handwritten Digit Recognition (2005)

The motivation of this work is based on two key observations. First, the classification algorithms can be separated into two main categories: discriminative and model-based approaches. Second, two types of patterns can generate problems: ambiguous patterns and outliers. While, the first approach tries to minimize the first type of error, but cannot deal effectively with outliers, the second approach, which is based on the development of a model for each class, make the outlier detection possible, but are not sufficiently discriminant. Thus, we propose to combine these two different approaches in a modular two-stage classification system embedded in a probabilistic framework. In the first stage we pre-estimate the posterior probabilities with a model-based approach and we re-estimate only the highest probabilities with appropriate Support Vector Classifiers (SVC) in the second stage. Another advantage of this combination is to reduce the principal burden of SVC, the processing time necessary to make a decision and to open the way to use SVC in classification problem with a large number of classes. Finally, the first experiments on the benchmark database MNIST have shown that our dynamic classification process allows to maintain the accuracy of SVCs, while decreasing complexity by a factor 8.7 and making the outlier rejection available.
Drug-polymer filled micro-containers for oral delivery loaded using supercritical CO2 aided-impregnation (2013)

In this work we present an effective loading technique of micro-containers for oral drug delivery of a poorly water soluble drug in a solid dispersion with polymer. By combining inkjet printing and supercritical CO2 impregnation we load ketoprofen in a solid dispersion with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) into cylindrical micro-containers providing unidirectional release. Both the printing and the impregnation step can be tuned in order to control drug loading with accuracy in the range of micro-grams.
Influence of Turbulence on the Dynamic Behaviour of Premixed Flames (1998)

Environmental compatibility requires low emission burners for gas turbine power plants as well as for jet engines. In the past significant progress has been made developing low NOx and CO burners by introducing lean premixed techniques. Unfortunately these burners often have a more pronounced tendency than conventional burner designs to produce combustion driven oscillations. The oscillations may be excited to such an extent that strong pulsation may possibly occur; this is associated with a risk of engine failure and higher NOx emissions. In order to describe the acoustical behaviour of the complete burner system the determination of the transfer function of the flame itself is crucial. Using a new method which was presented by Bohn, Deutsch and Krüger (1996) and Bohn, Li, Krüger and Matousckek (1997), the dynamic flame behaviour can be predicted by means of a full Navier-Stokes-simulation of the complex combustion process for the steady-state as well as for the transient situation. This method has been successfully used by the authors to obtain the frequency response of turbulent diffusion flames and laminar premixed flames. For the application in modern gas turbines the influence of turbulence on the dynamic behaviour of premixed flames is of big interest. Therefore, this paper presents numerical studies of a turbulent premixed flame configuration for which experimental data is available in the literature. Two different combustion models have been used for the steady-state as well as for the transient calculations. With the improved model, which takes into account the chemical kinetics and the interaction between turbulence and kinetics, good agreement has been found for the steady-state results and for the frequency response of the flame.
A Statistical Characterization of the Finger Tapping Test: Modeling, Estimation, and Applications (2014)

Sensory-motor performance is indicative of both cognitive and physical function. The Halstead-Reitan finger tapping test is a measure of sensory-motor speed commonly used to assess function as part of a neuropsychological evaluation. Despite the widespread use of this test, the underlying motor and cognitive processes driving tapping behavior during the test are not well characterized or understood. This lack of understanding may make clinical inferences from test results about health or disease state less accurate because important aspects of the task such as variability or fatigue are unmeasured. To overcome these limitations, we enhanced the tapper with a sensor that enables us to more fully characterize all the aspects of tapping. This modification enabled us to decompose the tapping performance into six component phases and represent each phase with a set of parameters having clear functional interpretation. This results in a set of 29 total parameters for each trial, including change in tapping over time, and trial-to-trial and tap-to-tap variability. These parameters can be used to more precisely link different aspects of cognition or motor function to tapping behavior. We demonstrate the benefits of this new instrument with a simple hypothesis-driven trial comparing single and dual-task tapping.
A Technique for Analyzing Radiation From Conformal Antennas Mounted On Arbitrarily-Shaped Conducting Bodies (2000)

This paper presents an efficient method to solve the problem of radiation from conformal aperture and microstrip antennas mounted on arbitrarily-shaped conducting bodies. The method, based on the surface equivalence and reciprocity principles, uses a combination of the Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) and Method of Moments (MoM) techniques to substantially improve the computational efficiency of the radiation pattern calculation. When the geometry and location of the radiating element are modified, only a small portion of the overall analysis requires re-simulation. This leads to a significant improvement in computational efficiency over presently-used techniques, and can substantially improve design efficiency when included in an optimization loop. The technique is first validated by solving two canonical problems, namely a thin slot which is oriented either axially or azimuthally on an infinitely long, perfectly conducting cylinder. These patterns are then compared to those produced by the same slots mounted on finite length cylinders. Finally, patterns are computed for a cavity-backed elliptical patch antenna mounted on an infinite-length PEC cylinder and compared to patterns computed by an alternate method.
Heat capacity measurements of two-dimensional self-assembled hexadecanethiol monolayers on polycrystalline gold (2004)

The melting characteristics of hexadecanethiol two-dimensional self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) grown on polycrystalline Au surfaces are obtained via heat capacity measurements using nanocalorimetry at scanning rates of ∼30 000°C∕s. The analyzed amount of alkanethiol in the form of SAMs is typically in the 10−11 mol range. Melting occurs over a broad (full width on the half height ∼100°C) temperature range with a melting temperature of about 70°C, if the alkanethiol is partially desorbed from the Au surface during thermal treatment. SAMs in their as-deposited state without desorption have melting temperatures above 100°C. The heat of fusion is about 20kJ∕mol. Partial desorption of the alkanethiol is directly observed. The melting characteristics of three-dimensional SAMs on Au nanoparticles are comparable to earlier studies using conventional calorimetry.
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Stimulation in Treatment Surgery Syndrome (1997)

This article presents an analysis of the medical costs of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy in the treatment of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). We compared the medical costs of SCS therapy with an alternative regimen of surgeries and other interventions. Externally powered (external) and fully internalized (internal) SCS systems were considered separately. Clinical management models of each of the therapy alternatives were derived from the clinical literature, retrospective data sets, expert opinion, and published diagnostic and therapy protocols. No value was placed on pain relief or improvements in the quality of life that successful SCS therapy can generate. We found that by reducing the demand for medical care by FBSS patients, SCS therapy can lower medical costs. On average, given current screening and efficacy rates, SCS therapy pays for itself within 5.5 years. For those patients for whom SCS therapy is clinically efficacious, the therapy pays for itself within 2.1 years. © U.S. Cancer Pain Relief Committee, 199Z J Pain Symptom Manage 1997;13:286-295.