gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formation of gadolinium–ferritin from clinical magnetic resonance contrast agents (2020)

Gadolinium deposition in the brain following administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) has led to health concerns. We show that some clinical GBCAs form Gd<sup>3+</sup>-ferritin nanoparticles at (sub)nanomolar concentrations of Gd<sup>3+</sup> under physiological conditions. We describe their structure at atomic resolution and discuss potential relevance for clinical MRI.
Local delivery of hrBMP4 as an anticancer therapy in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a first-in-human phase 1 dose escalation trial (2023)

ClinicaTrials.gov identifier: NCT02869243.
New family of 2-D nonimaging concentrators: the compound triangular concentrator (1985)

A new family of 2-D nonimaging concentrators is presented. The most significant characteristics of these concentrators are their small size and the fact that they use straight, as opposed to curved, reflective, or refractive interfaces. The concentrators are filled with a medium of refractive index n &gt; 1 and use narrow strips of refractive index ns &lt; n. These strips are transparent, or act as mirrors, depending on the angle of incidence of the rays. The direction of the collected rays (i.e., rays reaching the receiver) at they entry aperture can be varied by modifying the refractive indices of the strips.
Algorithmic techniques for computer vision on a fine-grained parallel machine (1989)

The authors describe several fundamentally useful primitive operations and routines and illustrate their usefulness in a wide range of familiar version processes. These operations are described in terms of a vector machine model of parallel computation. They use a parallel vector model because vector models can be mapped onto a wide range of architectures. They also describe implementing these primitives on a particular fine-grained machine, the connection machine. It is found that these primitives are applicable in a variety of vision tasks. Grid permutations are useful in many early vision algorithms, such as Gaussian convolution, edge detection, motion, and stereo computation. Scan primitives facilitate simple, efficient solutions of many problems in middle- and high-level vision. Pointer jumping, using permutation operations, permits construction of extended image structures in logarithmic time. Methods such as outer products, which rely on a variety of primitives, play an important role of many high-level algorithms.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Capability of Diffusion-Weighted Stimulated-Echo Imaging to Visualize Spontaneous Muscular Activities in Resting Musculature (2023)

Visualization of spontaneous mechanical activities in resting musculature using diffusion-weighted stimulated-echo imaging is highly depending on the sequence parameter settings as well as on the physiological parameters of the muscular contraction. Therefore, a concept for estimation of the visualization probability by using two contraction models is given in this work. Furthermore, the proposed concept is validated using diffusion-weighted measurements with varying diffusion-sensitizing times. The determined visualization probability is in good accordance to the relative number of visible spontaneous mechanical activities in the resting lower leg musculature.
Relationship between IOP and age in the Salzburg‐Moorfields‐Collaborative Glaucoma Study (2009)

Abstract Purpose To investigate the distribution of intraocular pressure in a population based survey in the county of Salzburg. Methods The SMCGS is a single‐center, prospective cohort study embedded into a government supported glaucoma blindness prevention program in Salzburg county, Austria. A complete ophthalmological examination including biomicroscopy of the optic nerve head, visual field testing, measurements of intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness and laser scanning topography of the optic disc was performed on 3650 subjects at the beginning of the study as well as at the five year follow‐up. Results The average age is 60.3 years (min: 40.04, max:93.9 years), IOP is 15.0 mmHg (min: 7, max: 32 mmHg) and the correlation coefficient between age and intraocular pressure is r = 0.005, p = 0.75 (95% CI ‐0.03 and 0.026). Also in the subgroups (people with normal findings, people with increased cup to disk ratio (C/D&gt;0.45) and people with ocular hypertension (IOP&gt;21mmHg) no significant correlation between age and intraocular was found. Conclusion In the past, numerous studies showed a correlation between age and intraocular pressure or at least reported a vague relationship between the two variables. Of all large scale studies only the blue mountain eye study and the Beijing eye study did not find a positive correlation between age and intraocular pressure (before correction for arterial pressure). In the population of Salzburg, age is an independent risk factor for glaucoma, independent of IOP and without correction of possible confounders.
Fingerprint with Particle Filtering for Positioning based on MDT (2021)

This work proposes a general positioning framework by combining Radio Frequency (RF) fingerprinting with particle filter using the measurements collected by Minimization of Drive Testing (MDT), which has been specified as a general procedure to collect measurements as well as positions in Long Term Evolution (LTE). The focus of this research is to understand how positioning accuracy is changed by using particle filter on top of the fingerprinting algorithm. Performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated with the measurements that are collected using MDT in real LTE network deployments. The results of this study indicate that the positioning accuracy can be greatly improved by combining fingerprinting with particle filter.
Effects of progressive resistance training on immune response in aging and chronic inflammation (1996)

The effects of 12 wk of progressive resistance strength training on in vivo and in vitro immune parameters were evaluated in a controlled study of eight subjects with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), eight healthy young (22-30 yr), and eight healthy elderly (65-80 yr) individuals. Six healthy elderly (65-80 yr) nontraining control subjects were also evaluated to account for seasonal and psychosocial effects. Training subjects exercised at 80% of their one-repetition maximum and performed eight repetitions per set, three sets per session on a twice weekly basis. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) subpopulations, cytokine and prostaglandin (PG) E2 production, proliferative response, and delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin response were measured before and after 12 wk of training. Training did not induce changes in PBMC subsets, interleukin (IL)-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF), IL-6, IL-2, or PGE2 production, lymphocyte proliferation, or DTH response in any of the training groups, compared with control subjects. These data suggest that 12 wk of high-intensity progressive resistance strength training does not affect immune function in young or elderly healthy individuals or subjects with RA.
Protection against High-Dose Highly Pathogenic Mucosal SIV Challenge at Very Low Serum Neutralizing Titers of the Antibody-Like Molecule CD4-IgG2 (2012)

Passive transfer studies using monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies in the macaque model have been valuable for determining conditions for antibody protection against immunodeficiency virus challenge. Most studies have employed hybrid simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) challenge in conjunction with neutralizing human monoclonal antibodies. Passive protection against SIV, particularly the pathogenic prototype virus SIVmac239, has been little studied because of the paucity of neutralizing antibodies to this virus. Here, we show that the antibody-like molecule CD4-IgG2 potently neutralizes SIVmac239 in vitro. When administered by an osmotic pump to maintain concentrations given the short half-life of CD4-IgG2 in macaques, the molecule provided sterilizing immunity/protection against high-dose mucosal viral challenge to a high proportion of animals (5/7 at a 200 mg dose CD4-IgG2 and 3/6 at a 20 mg dose) at serum concentrations below 1.5 µg/ml. The neutralizing titers of such sera were predicted to be very low and indeed sera at a 1:4 dilution produced no neutralization in a pseudovirus assay. Macaque anti-human CD4 titers did develop weakly at later time points in some animals but were not associated with the level of protection against viral challenge. The results show that, although SIVmac239 is considered a highly pathogenic virus for which vaccine-induced T cell responses in particular have provided limited benefit against high dose challenge, the antibody-like CD4-IgG2 molecule at surprisingly low serum concentration affords sterilizing immunity/protection to a majority of animals.
Multi-Sensor Defect Identification Under Sensor Uncertainties (2012)

This paper presents a methodology for identifying defects by multiple sensors under the presence of both sensor and defect uncertainties. This methodology introduces a representation of the beliefs of both the locations of defects and the sensors each by a probability density function and updates them using the extended Kalman filter. Since the beliefs are recursively maintained while the sensor is moving and the associated observation data are updated, the proposed methodology considers not only the current observation data but also the prior knowledge, the past observation data and beliefs, which include both sensor and defect uncertainties. The concept of differential entropy also has been introduced and is utilized as a performance measure to evaluate the result of defect identification and handle the identification of multiple defects. The verification and evaluation of the proposed methodology performance were conducted via parametric numerical studies. The results have shown the successful identification of defects with reduced uncertainty when the number of measurements increases, even under the presence of large sensor uncertainties. Furthermore, the proposed methodology was applied to the more realistic problem of identifying multiple defects located on a specimen and have demonstrated its applicability to practical defect identification problems.
Assessment of the quality, oxidative status and dietary energy value of lipids used in non‐ruminant animal nutrition (2021)

The current report highlights the large variation in composition and quality seen in commercially available fats and oils and encourages ongoing analysis and assessment rather than reliance on published values. The results also indicate that the oxidation parameters when interpreted as separate values lack the power of inferring oil and fat quality. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Monoarylation of Nitroalkanes. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Polymerase Recognition of Unnatural Base Pairs (2002)

In der Zuschrift von F. E. Romesberg und P. G. Schultz et al. in Heft 20, 2002, S. 3997–4000, soll die Autorenzeile Chengzhi Yu, Allison A. Henry, Peter G. Schultz,* and Floyd E. Romesberg* lauten.
Abstract 2943: Lapatinib restores TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) through an off-target strategy that appears to be independent of increased death receptor expression. (2013)

Abstract Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) comprises 15-20% of breast cancer, and carries a poor prognosis. TRAIL (Tumor Necrosis Factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand), a member of the TNF-alpha family of death receptor ligands, induces apoptosis by binding death receptors (DR4 and DR5), and can be a good therapeutic target in TNBC based on the work of Lipkowitz at the NCI. Lapatinib, a dual HER2 and EGFR inhibitor has been shown to sensitize colon cancer and GBM cells to TRAIL-induced apoptosis through an off-target effect that involves JNK. In colon cancer cell lines, this sensitization was found to be due to increased DR4 and DR5 protein levels, and this was not affected by HER2 and EGFR dual specific inhibition. The majority of breast cancer cell lines including HCC 1937, a BRCA1-deficient TNBC cell line derived from a patient with BRCA1 mutation, are known to have constitutive death receptor endocytosis resulting in resistance to TRAIL. We hypothesized that treatment of TNBC cells with lapatinib may induce sensitization to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in normally TRAIL-resistant cell lines, but possibly not by increased death receptor protein expression since these cells have defective cell surface expression. MDA-MB-231 and HCC 1937 cell lines are both well-validated TNBC cell lines. MDA-MB-231 is known to be sensitive to TRAIL, whereas HCC 1937 is resistant to TRAIL. These two cell lines were pre-treated with 0-10 μM lapatinib for 48 hrs. Cells were then treated with His-tagged recombinant TRAIL (50 ng/mL) for 24 hr subsequently. Cell Titer Glo assay, and sub-G1 DNA content analysis by flow cytometry showed increments of apoptosis after lapatinib pre-treatment. This change was more prominent in HCC 1937, which is normally resistant to TRAIL-induced apoptosis. However western blotting did not show increased DR4/DR5 by pre-treatment with lapatinib in either MDA-MB-231 or HCC 1937. This result suggests that we may have identified an off-target effect of lapatinib in TNBC that appears to not involve increased death receptor expression. We are further exploring the previously described role for JNK in the off-target effect to further elucidate this TRAIL death receptor- and Her2/EGFR-independent mechanism of TRAIL sensitization by lapatinib that has implication for TNBC therapy. Citation Format: Bora Lim, Nathan G. Dolloff, Joshua E. Allen, David T. Dicker, Wafik S. El-Deiry. Lapatinib restores TRAIL-mediated apoptosis in TRAIL-resistant Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) through an off-target strategy that appears to be independent of increased death receptor expression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2943. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-2943
The discrepancy between presenilin subcellular localization and γ-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein (2001)

We investigated the relationship between PS1 and gamma-secretase processing of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in primary cultures of neurons. Increasing the amount of APP at the cell surface or towards endosomes did not significantly affect PS1-dependent gamma-secretase cleavage, although little PS1 is present in those subcellular compartments. In contrast, almost no gamma-secretase processing was observed when holo-APP or APP-C99, a direct substrate for gamma-secretase, were specifically retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a double lysine retention motif. Nevertheless, APP-C99-dilysine (KK) colocalized with PS1 in the ER. In contrast, APP-C99 did not colocalize with PS1, but was efficiently processed by PS1-dependent gamma-secretase. APP-C99 resides in a compartment that is negative for ER, intermediate compartment, and Golgi marker proteins. We conclude that gamma-secretase cleavage of APP-C99 occurs in a specialized subcellular compartment where little or no PS1 is detected. This suggests that at least one other factor than PS1, located downstream of the ER, is required for the gamma-cleavage of APP-C99. In agreement, we found that intracellular gamma-secretase processing of APP-C99-KK both at the gamma40 and the gamma42 site could be restored partially after brefeldin A treatment. Our data confirm the "spatial paradox" and raise several questions regarding the PS1 is gamma-secretase hypothesis.
Calibration procedure for a DOI detector of high resolution PET through a Gaussian mixture model (2004)

A depth of interaction detector is developed for the next generation of positron emission tomography (PET) scanners. The detector unit consists of 8 /spl times/ 8 crystal blocks with four layers of 2 /spl times/ 2 Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce arrays coupled to a 52 mm square position sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT). Each scintillation event is mapped in a two-dimensional (2-D) position histogram through the relative ratio of the output signals of the PS-PMT. To facilitate high spatial resolution imaging, accurate crystal identification is needed. A statistical model based on the approach of a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is introduced for crystal identification. In the GMM, a cluster center and range attributed to individual peaks in the 2-D position histogram are defined. GMM can simultaneously estimate overlapping regions projected each crystal element. After block separation of 8 /spl times/ 8 on the 2-D distribution, the crystal element regions are identified by the GMM in each block. The GMM method is applied two times, once for the cluster centers and once for determination of the range. These results are used to generate a look-up-table (LUT). This method successfully identified all crystal elements in the clustering area. By Monte Carlo simulation, we also proved that GMM method could choose LUT patterns to high resolution or high sensitivity with one parameter.
Evaluation of a High-Level-Language Methodology for High-Performance Reconfigurable Computers (2007)

High-performance reconfigurable computers (HPRCs) consisting of CPUs with application-specific FPGA accelerators traditionally use a low-level hardware-description language such as VHDL or Verilog to program the FP-GAs. The complexity of hardware design methodologies for FPGAs requires specialist engineering knowledge and presents a significant barrier to entry for scientific users with only a software background. Recently, a number of High-Level Languages (HLLs) for programming FPGAs have emerged that aim to lower this barrier and abstract away hardware-dependent details. This paper presents the results of a study on implementing hardware accelerators using the Mitrion-C HLL. The implementation of two floating-point scientific kernels: dense matrix-vector multiplication (DMVM) and the computation of spherical boundary conditions in molecular dynamics (SB) are described. We describe optimizations that are essential for taking advantage of both the features of the HLL and the underlying HPRC hardware and libraries. Scaling of the algorithms to multiple FPGAs is also investigated. With four FPGAs, 80 times speedup over an Itanium 2 CPU was achieved for the DMVM, while a 26 times speedup was achieved for SB.
Greater Than 20-dB Supermode Noise Suppression and Timing Jitter Reduction Via CW Injection of a Harmonically Mode-Locked Laser (2007)

Characterization of the timing and amplitude (AM) noise have shown a greater than 20-dB reduction of the supermode noise spurs from a harmonically mode-locked laser by continuous-wave optical injection. A reduction of the timing jitter and AM noise from 127 to 25 fs and 0.85% to 0.12% (10 Hz-100 MHz), respectively, is demonstrated. A reduction of the optical linewidth, implied by the reduction in the close-in phase noise, is also shown.
Siegfried Balke – Spendenportier und Interessenpolitiker (2009)

Blättert man in den einschlägigen Monografien und Darstellungen über die Adenauer-Zeit, so wird man den Namen Balkes dort nicht im Übermaß finden. Im Gegenteil: Man gewinnt die Vorstellung, als sei er ein völlig unbedeutender Mann gewesen. Franz Josef Strauß erwähnt ihn in seinem 560 Seiten dicken Erinnerungswerk nur dreimal in belanglosen Aufzählungen von Kabinettskollegen, in Adenauers Erinnerungen taucht Balke gar nicht erst auf und die Personenregister der Literatur über die Bonner Politik in den 1950er und frühen 1960er Jahren zählen nicht gerade viele Seiten, auf denen Balkes Name vermerkt ist.1
Interaction of complexes of composition MnLX2 (L = tertiary phosphine) with dioxygen (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of complexes of composition MnLX2 (L = tertiary phosphine) with dioxygenV. F. Newberry, H. D. Burkett, S. D. Worley, and W. E. HillCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1984, 23, 24, 3911–3917Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00192a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00192a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Performance of a high concentration Er/sup 3+/-doped alumino silicate fiber amplifier (1996)

We report the gain, noise figure, output saturation power, and conversion efficiency of a highly concentrated Er/sup 3+/-doped alumino silicate fiber amplifier. We obtain a gain per unit length of 1.0 dB/cm, which corresponds to the highest gain per unit length obtained in an Er/sup 3+/-doped fiber amplifier. The pump power threshold ranges from 2 to 5 mW, depending on the fiber length.
Differential Effects of Allosteric M1 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonists on Receptor Activation, Arrestin 3 Recruitment, and Receptor Downregulation (2010)

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are drug targets for multiple neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders, but the full therapeutic potential of mAChR-targeted drugs has not been realized, mainly because of a lack of subtype-selective agonists. Recent advances have allowed the development of highly selective agonists that bind to an allosteric site on the M(1) mAChR that is spatially distinct from the orthosteric acetylcholine binding site, but less is known about the profile of intracellular signals activated by orthosteric versus allosteric M(1) mAChR agonists. We investigated the activation and regulatory mechanisms of two structurally distinct allosteric M(1) mAChR agonists, AC260584 and TBPB. We show that allosteric agonists potently activate multiple signal transduction pathways linked to the M(1) mAChR receptor but, compared to orthosteric agonists, much less efficiently recruit arrestin 3, a protein involved in regulation of G-protein coupled receptor signaling. Consistent with decreased arrestin recruitment, both allosteric agonists showed blunted responses in measurements of receptor desensitization, internalization, and downregulation. These results advance the understanding of mAChR biology and may shed light on unanticipated differences in the pharmacology of orthosteric vs. allosteric agonists that might be capitalized upon for drug development for the treatment of CNS diseases.