gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of microvascular obstruction in acute myocardial infarction: importance of ST elevation, infarct size, transmurality and infarct age (2011)

Results The population consisted of 147 (56%) patients with STEMI, 2 (0.8%) with left bundle branch block, and the remaining 117 (44%) with non-STEMI. The mean age was 59±13 years and 68% were male. The overall observed prevalence of MO was 53%. IS and transmurality were significantly larger in patients with MO than without (24% vs 7%, p 25%) or transmural extent was high (upper tertile, >80%) the prevalence of MO was similar (93% vs 92%, p=0.9; and 90% vs 85%, p=0.5, respectively). The prevalence of MO was dependent on both IS and
Plasma and arc microdischarges: new avenues in microfabrication (2002)

This paper describes the use of microdischarges between lithographically defined features as tools for further processing. Techniques based on the use of microplasmas can facilitate the microfabrication of complex microstructures (with dozens of structural levels) using just two masking steps, whereas micro-arcs can be used to increase the diversity of microstructures for WC-Co super-hard metal alloys and other unusual options.
Phasing of telescope mirror segments using a fast, two-wavelength interferometer (2003)

We demonstrate the combination of two-wavelength interferometry with an instantaneous phase-shift interferometer to achieve a measurement range greater than 10 mm and a resolution of a few nanometers with a single instrument. Results of measuring and phasing two mirror array segments are presented. The operational limits, calibration and accuracies of the technique are discussed.
Structural Chemical Zoning in the Boundary Phase Zeolite TNU-7 (EON) (2006)

The synthetic details of the novel large-pore gallosilicate zeolite TNU-7 (EON) under wholly inorganic conditions, together with those of gallosilicate mazzite (MAZ) and mordenite (MOR) which themselves consist of the two structural components of TNU-7, are described. When the Na+ ion is used as an inorganic structure-directing agent, crystallization of the pure form of each material was found to be highly sensitive both to the presence of Ga in the synthesis mixture and to its concentration. Rietveld refinements based on the synchrotron X-ray diffraction data for the as-made Na+ form of these three gallosilicate zeolites, as well as for the Cs+- and Sr2+-exchanged forms of TNU-7, allow us to determine the favored extraframework cation positions in each material. Comparison of their calculated extraframework cation charge values per tetrahedral site suggests the existence of “structural chemical zoning” within the TNU-7 structure: it appears that this metastable zeolite is composed of maz and mor layers which are rich and poor in Ga, respectively.
94 GHz power amplifier device architecture in SiGe for active phased arrays (2012)

This paper discusses the first implementation of the High Voltage / High Power (HiVP) Amplifier Architecture in silicon in the W-band. Designed and laid out using a commercial 120 nm SiGe HBT BiCMOS process, a saturated output power of 9.7 dBm, gain of 7.7 dB, and a PAE of 12.0 % in an area of 0.20 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> have been achieved at 94 GHz. Small signal gain >; 10 dB has been simulated from 50 GHz to 110 GHz. The intent of this paper is to introduce an amplifier device architecture intended for inclusion in transmitter / receiver ICs that would become a part of an active phased array operating in the W-band. In addition, provide designers with a simplified simulation technique, layout examples, and an architecture with a small layout footprint over classical techniques employed in current research.
Ultra-flat bands in two-dimensional photonic crystals (2006)

ABSTRACT We show that two-dimensional photonic crystals can be designed to have dispersion relations with an extended ultra-sat cross-section,meaningthat fora Þxedwave vectorcomponent the other wave vector component, the frequencyofa bandis almostconstantwhen saddle point in the dispersion relation located in the interior of the Brillouin zone. Interesting consequences include , takes all possible values. These ultra-sat bands are the result of a non-trivial1D-like behavior,improvedsuper-collimation,and enhanced density of states.Keywords: photonic crystal, ultra-sat band, saddle point 1. INTRODUCTION Flat regions in the band structures of photoniccrystals have been studied due to their role in achievingor enhancingavarietyofoptical effects,includingenhancementofthe photonicdensityof states, lasing, super-collimation,enhancednonlinear effects, and other slow-light effects [1Ð4]. The sat parts of dispersion relations and the associated reducedgroupvelocitiesaregenerallyfoundinlimitedregionsaroundsymmetrypointsin wavevectorspace. However,as thedimensionality of the photonic crystal increases from 1-d to 2-d and 3-d, these sat regions around symmetry pointstend to occupy a decreasing fraction of the entire volume of the Brillouin zone. Furthermore, the band structures oftwo-dimensionaland three-dimensionalphotoniccrystals are in general more complexthan those of one-dimensionalcrystals for the obvious reason that the frequency of a mode is a function of two or three wave vector components,instead of just one. Here, we Þnd that a two-dimensionalsquare photoniccrystal can be designed to have an extendedultra-sat cross-section of the dispersion relation
Electrical performance of compliant wafer level package (2002)

As the demand for portable and high speed communication products grows, wafer level packages with high chip-to-chip bandwidth and low package parasitics are required. A Compliant Wafer Level Package (CWLP) technology has been developed to meet the growing demand of higher electrical performance at low cost. The electrical performance of the compliant wafer level package in terms of its package parasitics and chip-to-chip bandwidth is investigated in this paper.
In Vivo Imaging of β-Cell Mass in Rats Using 18F-FP-(+)-DTBZ: A Potential PET Ligand for Studying Diabetes Mellitus (2008)

The preliminary data obtained with (18)F-FP-(+)-DTBZ suggest that this fluorinated derivative of DTBZ shows good pancreas specificity and has the potential to be useful for quantitative measurement of VMAT2 binding sites reflecting BCM in the pancreas.
Retarded RNA turnover in Escherichia coli: a means of maintaining gene expression during anaerobiosis (1993)

In this study, we extend earlier observations on the influence of growth rate on mRNA stability and rRNA processing in Escherichia coli during continuous culture, to the effect of anaerobiosis. During slow anaerobic growth (generation time 700 min) both ompA and bla mRNA had a prolonged half-life compared to that during slow aerobic growth and the processing of 9S RNA was even more profoundly retarded, which indicated a general slowing of mRNA turnover. The latter was confirmed by a nearly fourfold increase in the functional half-life of bulk mRNA. In spite of this difference in stability, steady state levels of RNA, as judged by those of the ompA and 9S transcripts, were the same in aerobic and anaerobic cells at a given growth rate. Furthermore, we found that RNA synthesis during anaerobiosis was a fraction of that observed during slow aerobic growth and it is proposed that this offsets the general increase in mRNA stability. Our data therefore suggest that a constant level of RNA is maintained by matching the rate of decay to the level of RNA synthesis.
Differential Effects of β3‐ versus β2‐Amino Acid Residues on the Helicity and Recognition Properties of Bim BH3‐Derived α/β‐Peptides (2018)

Abstract Oligomers containing α‐ and β‐amino acid residues (α/β‐peptides) have been shown to mimic the α‐helical conformation of conventional peptides when the unnatural residues are derived from β 3 ‐amino acids or cyclic β‐amino acids, but the impact of incorporating β 2 residues has received little attention. The effects of β 2 residues on the conformation and recognition behavior of α/β‐peptides that mimic an isolated α‐helix were investigated. This effort has focused on 26‐mers based on the Bim BH3 domain; a set of isomers with identical α/β backbones that differ only in the placement of certain side chains along the backbone (β 3 vs. β 2 substitution) was compared. Circular dichroism data suggest that β 2 residues can be helix‐destabilizing relative to β 3 residues, although the size of this effect seems to depend on side chain identity. Binding data show that β 3 →β 2 substitution at sites that contact a partner protein, Bcl‐x L , can influence affinity in a way that transcends effects on helicity.
Analytical Model of HSDPA Throughput Under (2009)

This paper presents an analytical model of the cell and user throughput of high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) that can be used to compare the performance and effi- ciency of various schedulers. The focus is on the proportional fair (PF), score-based (SB), and Max C/I schedulers. The radio channel is assumed to be a composite multipath/shadowing channel, with the path amplitude following a Nakagami distribution. The effect of the correlation between paths on the HSDPA throughput perfor- mance is taken into account in the modeling. The analytical model is confronted with a simulation using the NS2 network simulator and shown to provide reasonably close results to the simulation in view of the modeling assumptions. Index Terms—Adaptive modulation and coding (AMC), cell capacity, code-division multiple-access (CDMA), high-speed downlink packet access (HSDPA), scheduling, universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS).
Coherent Population Trapping in Diamond N-V Centers at Zero Magnetic Field (2006)

Coherent population trapping at zero magnetic field was observed for nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond under optical excitation. This was measured as a reduction in photoluminescence when the detuning between two excitation lasers matched the 2.88 GHz crystal-field splitting of the color center ground states. This behavior is highly sensitive to strain, which modifies the excited states, and was unexpected following recent experiments demonstrating optical readout of single nitrogen-vacancy electron spins based on cycling transitions. These results demonstrate for the first time that three-level Lambda configurations suitable for proposed quantum information applications can be realized simultaneously for all four orientations of nitrogen-vacancy centers at zero magnetic field.
Dialysate Flow Distribution in Hollow Fiber Hemodialyzers with Different Dialysate Pathway Configurations (2000)

3 dialyzers of each type were studied following dye injection into the dialysate compartment. Dynamic sequential imaging of longitudinal sections of the dialyzer were undertaken, using a new generation helical CT scanner (X-Press/HS1 Toshiba Corporation, Tokyo, Japan). In vivo studies: 3 dialyzers of each type were studied, in randomized sequence, in 3 different patients under standardized dialysis conditions. Blood- and dialysate-side urea clearances were measured at 30 and 150 minutes of treatment. Macroscopic and densitometrical analysis revealed that flow distribution was most homogeneous in the dialyzer with Moiré structure (Type C) and least homogeneous in the standard dialyzer (Type A). Space yarns (Type B) gave an intermediate dialysate flow distribution. Significantly increased urea clearances (p<0.001) were seen with Types B and C, compared to the standard dialyzer. Type C (Moiré) had the highest clearances although these were not significantly greater than Type B (space yarns). In conclusion, more homogeneous dialysate flow distribution and improved small solute clearances can be achieved by use of spacing yarns or waved (Moiré structure) patterns of fiber packing in the dialyzer. These effects are achieved probably as a result of reduced dialysate channeling resulting in a lower degree of mismatch between blood and dialysate flows. The new radiological technique using the helical CT scanner allows detailed flow distribution analysis and has the potential for testing future modifications to dialyzer design.
D111 Residual Stress Improvement of Nickel Base Superalloy Alloy 706 by Laser Peening (2012)

Some cracks were found at the first stage discs of gas turbine rotors made of Ni-base super-alloy. There were inter-granular cracking and observed to be highly stressed and damage sensitive locations with less potential for oxidation, which is thought to occur due to hold-time cracking. In this study, laser peening technology was developed to improve fatigue properties of Ni-base super-alloy Alloy 706, and the effects on the material properties were examined. Laser peening is a novel process to induce compressive residual stress on material surface by irradiating focused high-power laser pulses. Several durability tests, such as thermal aging treatment test and stress aging test, were performed under thermal power plant operation conditions, and the effectiveness of laser peening treatment was confirmed.
Two approaches for image-processing based high resolution image acquisition (2002)

Towards the development of a super high definition image acquisition system, we have proposed an image-processing based approach, i.e. the introduction of image processing techniques into an imaging process. Imaging methods based on this approach can be classified into two main categories: a spatial integration imaging method and a temporal integration imaging method. With regard to the spatial integration imaging method, we have presented previously a method for acquiring an improved-resolution image by integrating multiple images taken simultaneously with multiple cameras with different pixel apertures. In addition to the spatial integration imaging method, aimed at a particular surveillance application, we construct a temporal integration imaging method. Experimental simulations demonstrate that temporal integration imaging is as promising as spatial integration imaging for high resolution imaging.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Critical role of IRF1 and BATF in forming chromatin landscape during type 1 regulatory cell differentiation (2017)

Type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1 cells) are induced by interleukin-27 (IL-27) and have critical roles in the control of autoimmunity and resolution of inflammation. We found that the transcription factors IRF1 and BATF were induced early on after treatment with IL-27 and were required for the differentiation and function of Tr1 cells in vitro and in vivo. Epigenetic and transcriptional analyses revealed that both transcription factors influenced chromatin accessibility and expression of the genes required for Tr1 cell function. IRF1 and BATF deficiencies uniquely altered the chromatin landscape, suggesting that these factors serve a pioneering function during Tr1 cell differentiation.
Choline Kinase Alpha as an Androgen Receptor Chaperone and Prostate Cancer Therapeutic Target (2015)

CHKA can act as an AR chaperone, providing, to our knowledge, the first evidence for kinases as molecular chaperones, making CHKA both a marker of tumor progression and a potential therapeutic target for PCa.
In vivo measurements of lithotripsy shock waves in pigs (1996)

Mechanisms of stone comminution and tissue damage in lithotripsy are sensitive to the acoustic field within the kidney, yet prediction of shock wavesin vivo is difficult. Measurements of lithotripsy shock waves have been made inside pigs with small hydrophones constructed of a 50-μm PVdF membrane stretched over a 21-mm-diam ring. A thin layer of silicone rubber was used to electrically isolate the membrane from pig fluid. An incision was made in the pig flank and a hydrophone inserted either on the anterior (shock wave entrance) or posterior (shock wave exit) surface of the left kidney. The incision was flooded with saline during closure to minimize entrapped air. Four pigs were treated in a Dornier HM-3 lithotripter. Fluoroscopic imaging was used to orient the hydrophone perpendicular to the shock wave. For each pig, various power settings and movement of the shock wave focus throughout the kidney were used. Waveforms measured within the pig had a shape very similar to those measured in water. However, pressure amplitude in the pig was about 60% of that measured in water. The shock rise times were on the order of 100 μs and were hydrophone limited. [Work supported by NIH and the ASA Hunt Fellowship.]
A FUNDAMENTAL STUDY OF SALINITY INTRUSION IN ICE COVERED RIVER (2012)

This study aimed to clarify the fundamental phenomenon of salinity intrusion in ice covered river. We carried out salinity intrusion experiment to which model ice-sheet floats on the water surface and one-dimensional two-layered unsteady flow calculation. In this experiment, the vertical flow velocity was measured using particle image velosimetry technique. In the experiment in which ice-sheet exists, the model ice-sheet indirectly attenuated the salinity intrusion because Reynolds number does not become large. Shear stress was computed by having assigned the experiment data to one-dimensional two-layered unsteady flow equation. In both ice and no-ice condition, Interface shear stress has large influence on salinity intrusion. It was shown that the calculation model built by this study can reproduce salinity intrusion experiment.
Cyclic AMP-dependent phosphorylation of neuronal nitric oxide synthase mediates penile erection (2012)

Nitric oxide (NO) generated by neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) initiates penile erection, but has not been thought to participate in the sustained erection required for normal sexual performance. We now show that cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of nNOS mediates erectile physiology, including sustained erection. nNOS is phosphorylated by cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) at serine(S)1412. Electrical stimulation of the penile innervation increases S1412 phosphorylation that is blocked by PKA inhibitors but not by PI3-kinase/Akt inhibitors. Stimulation of cAMP formation by forskolin also activates nNOS phosphorylation. Sustained penile erection elicited by either intracavernous forskolin injection, or augmented by forskolin during cavernous nerve electrical stimulation, is prevented by the NOS inhibitor L-NAME or in nNOS-deleted mice. Thus, nNOS mediates both initiation and maintenance of penile erection, implying unique approaches for treating erectile dysfunction.
Protein kinase C beta II suppresses colorectal cancer by regulating IGF-1 mediated cell survival (2016)

Despite extensive efforts, cancer therapies directed at the Protein Kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases have failed in clinical trials. These therapies have been directed at inhibiting PKC and have, in some cases, worsened disease outcome. Here we examine colon cancer patients and show not only that PKC Beta II is a tumour suppressor, but patients with low levels of this isozyme have significantly decreased disease free survival. Specifically, analysis of gene expression levels of all PKC genes in matched normal and cancer tissue samples from colon cancer patients revealed a striking down-regulation of the gene coding PKC Beta in the cancer tissue (n = 21). Tissue microarray analysis revealed a dramatic down-regulation of PKC Beta II protein levels in both the epithelial and stromal diseased tissue (n = 166). Of clinical significance, low levels of the protein in the normal tissue of patients is associated with a low (10%) 10 year survival compared with a much higher (60%) survival in patients with relatively high levels of the protein. Consistent with PKC Beta II levels protecting against colon cancer, overexpression of PKC Beta II in colon cancer cell lines reveals that PKC Beta II reverses transformation in cell based assays. Further to this, activation of PKC Beta II results in a dramatic downregulation of IGF-I-induced AKT, indicating a role for PKCs in regulating IGF-1 mediated cell survival. Thus, PKC Beta II is a tumour suppressor in colon cancer and low levels serve as a predictor for poor survival outcome.
FcMBL magnetic bead-based MALDI-TOF MS rapidly identifies paediatric blood stream infections from positive blood cultures (2022)

Rapid identification of potentially life-threatening blood stream infections (BSI) improves clinical outcomes, yet conventional blood culture (BC) identification methods require ~24-72 hours of liquid culture, plus 24-48 hours to generate single colonies on solid media suitable for identification by mass spectrometry (MS). Newer rapid centrifugation techniques, such as the Bruker MBT-Sepsityper® IVD, replace culturing on solid media and expedite the diagnosis of BCs but frequently demonstrate reduced sensitivity for identifying clinically significant Gram-positive bacterial or fungal infections. This study introduces a protocol that utilises the broad-range binding properties of an engineered version of mannose-binding lectin linked to the Fc portion of immunoglobulin (FcMBL) to capture and enrich pathogens combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionisation time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) MS for enhanced infection identification in BCs. The FcMBL method identified 94.1% (64 of 68) of clinical BCs processed, with a high sensitivity for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria (94.7 and 93.2%, respectively). The FcMBL method identified more patient positive BCs than the Sepsityper® (25 of 25 vs 17 of 25), notably with 100% (3/3) sensitivity for clinical candidemia, compared to only 33% (1/3) for the Sepsityper®. Additionally, during inoculation experiments, the FcMBL method demonstrated a greater sensitivity, identifying 100% (24/24) of candida to genus level and 9/24 (37.5%) top species level compared to 70.8% (17/24) to genus and 6/24 to species (25%) using the Sepsityper®. This study demonstrates that capture and enrichment of samples using magnetic FcMBL-conjugated beads is superior to rapid centrifugation methods for identification of BCs by MALDI-TOF MS. Deploying the FcMBL method therefore offers potential clinical benefits in sensitivity and reduced turnaround times for BC diagnosis compared to the standard Sepsityper® kit, especially for fungal diagnosis.
On the N-Arylation of Acetamide Using 2-, 3- and 1’-Substituted Iodoferrocenes (2020)

Various 2-, 3- and 1’-substituted iodoferrocenes were&lt;br&gt;reacted with acetamide in the presence of copper(I) iodide (1&lt;br&gt;equiv), N,N’-dimethylethylenediamine (1 equiv), tripotassium&lt;br&gt;phosphate (2 equiv) in dioxane at 90 °C for 14 h, and allowed a large range of original 1,2-, 1,3- and 1,1’-disubstituted ferrocenes to be obtained. The results were compared as a function of the substituent and its position on the ring. DFT calculations revealed higher activation barrier for the oxidative addition in the ferrocene series when compared with classical planar aromatics. Structure–property relationships were applied to rationalize the reactivity of the different iodoferrocenes.