gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of neutralizing epitopes on outer surface proteins A and B of Borrelia burgdorferi (1995)

The neutralizing epitopes of the major outer surface proteins A and B (OspA and OspB) of Borrelia burgdorferi B31 were investigated by epitope mapping using overlapping synthetic peptides, encompassing full-length OspA and OspB, and antiborrelial monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). OspA MAb N4B12 and OspB MAbs N5G5, W7C2, and P4D1 displayed a complement-independent antiborrelial activity, and complement failed to enhance the antiborrelial activity, as measured by a sensitive colorimetric assay. A combination of N4B12 with N5G5 displayed a higher antiborrelial activity than did the MAbs individually. OspA MAbs B3G11 and L3B5, however, exhibited a significant antiborrelial activity only in the presence of complement. Epitope mapping showed that B3G11 bound to one OspA synthetic peptide with the sequence of amino acids 247 to 256 (QYDSNGTKLE) and produced more than sixfold-higher reactivity than with other sequences, as measured by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. OspB MAb N5G5 bound to an OspB peptide with the sequence of amino acids 211 to 220 (TLKREIEKDG), yielding at least threefold-higher reactivity than with other sequences. These two peptide sequences were found to contain neutralizing epitopes. Other MAbs had weak binding activities with the synthetic peptides, and their specific epitopes remain to be further analyzed. Thus, this study demonstrated both complement-independent and complement-dependent antiborrelial MAbs and identified the linear epitopes on OspA and OspB capable of inducing neutralizing antibody responses.
The interaction of iron with polyphenols (2001)

Iron deficiency affects over two billion people worldwide (Lotfi et al., 1996). However, fortifying foods with highly bioavailable iron is technically challenging because of off-color and off-flavor development, catalytic degradation of vitamins and oxidation of lipids. The role of highly bioavailable iron in the off-color development of foods and beverages is not well understood. The goals of this research included: (1) determining the role of iron in off-color development with simple phenolics and polyphenols as models for more complex systems, (2) evaluating the effect of environmental factors, such as pH, temperature, oxygen, redox potential, reducing agents, and chelating agents, on off-color development, and (3) validating these models in commercial food products. The results demonstrated that the iron that reacts with the simple phenolic, catechol, to develop off-color must be in the oxidized state, and the iron is reduced in the presence of catechol. Iron sources that are typically used for fortification, as well as other metals, were evaluated for off-color development with catechol versus redox potential. Ferrous iron sources with low redox potentials, and ferric iron sources with high redox potentials, caused off-color development with catechol. In addition, only polyphenols that contain ortho-hydroxyl groups caused off-color development with iron. Off-color development was minimized by factors such as low pH, low oxygen content, high temperature, and presence of reducing and chelating agents. All of these factors affected the redox potential of the system. Therefore, the interaction of iron with polyphenols was an oxidation/reduction reaction, where iron was reduced and the polyphenol was oxidized. The off-color development was controlled by the redox potential of the compounds in the system. The commercial foods tested reacted similarly to the models of polyphenols with iron, and methods identified in the models to prevent off-color development were effective in most of the food products examined, suggesting that the proposed models are valid for testing commercial products.
Photochemical disproportionation of decacarbonyldimanganese. Nineteen-electron intermediates and ligand and intensity dependence (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotochemical disproportionation of decacarbonyldimanganese. Nineteen-electron intermediates and ligand and intensity dependenceAlbert E. Stiegman, Alan S. Goldman, Cecelia E. Philbin, and David R. TylerCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 17, 2976–2979Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00237a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00237a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views115Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Single-frequency violet and blue laser emission from AlGaInN photonic integrated circuit chips (2023)

Chip-based, single-frequency and low phase-noise integrated photonic laser diodes emitting in the violet (412 nm) and blue (461 nm) regime are demonstrated. The GaN-based edge-emitting laser diodes were coupled to high-quality on-chip micro-resonators for optical feedback and mode selection resulting in laser self-injection locking with narrow emission linewidth. Multiple group III-nitride (III-N) based photonic integrated circuit chips with different waveguide designs including single-crystalline AlN, AlGaN, and GaN were developed and characterized. Single-frequency laser operation was demonstrated for all studied waveguide core materials. The best side-mode suppression ratio was determined to be ∼36 dB at 412 nm with a single-frequency laser emission linewidth of only 3.8 MHz at 461 nm. The performance metrics of this novel, to the best of our knowledge, type of laser suggest potential implementation in next-generation, portable quantum systems.
Quantitative metabolic imaging using endogenous fluorescence to detect stem cell differentiation (2013)

The non-invasive high-resolution spatial mapping of cell metabolism within tissues could provide substantial advancements in assessing the efficacy of stem cell therapy and understanding tissue development. Here, using two-photon excited fluorescence microscopy, we elucidate the relationships among endogenous cell fluorescence, cell redox state, and the differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into adipogenic and osteoblastic lineages. Using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and quantitative PCR, we evaluate the sensitivity of an optical redox ratio of FAD/(NADH + FAD) to metabolic changes associated with stem cell differentiation. Furthermore, we probe the underlying physiological mechanisms, which relate a decrease in the redox ratio to the onset of differentiation. Because traditional assessments of stem cells and engineered tissues are destructive, time consuming, and logistically intensive, the development and validation of a non-invasive, label-free approach to defining the spatiotemporal patterns of cell differentiation can offer a powerful tool for rapid, high-content characterization of cell and tissue cultures.
Table S1 from The Human CD38 Monoclonal Antibody Daratumumab Shows Antitumor Activity and Hampers Leukemia–Microenvironment Interactions in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1. Cell line characteristics&lt;/p&gt;
Remodeling of Cell-Cell and Cell–Extracellular Matrix Interactions at the Border Zone of Rat Myocardial Infarcts (1999)

At the border zone of myocardial infarcts, surviving cardiomyocytes achieve drastic remodeling of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions. Spatiotemporal changes in these interactions are likely related to each other and possibly have significant impact on cardiac function. To elucidate the changes, we conducted experimental infarction in rats and performed 3-dimensional analysis of the localization of gap junctions (connexin43), desmosomes (desmoplakin), adherens junctions (cadherin), and integrins (beta(1)-integrin) by immunoconfocal microscopy. After myocardial infarction, changes in the distribution of gap junctions, desmosomes, and adherens junctions showed a similar but nonidentical tendency. In the early phase, gap junctions almost disappeared at stumps (longitudinal edges of cardiomyocytes facing the infarct), and, although desmosomes and adherens junctions decreased, they still remained. In the healing phase, at stumps, connexin43, desmoplakin, and cadherin were closely associated between multiple cell processes originating from a single cardiomyocyte. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of junctional complexes between the cell processes. beta(1)-Integrin at the cell process increased during the formation of papillary myotendinous junction-like structures. Abnormal localization of connexin43 was often accompanied by desmoplakin and cadherin on lateral surfaces of surviving cardiomyocytes. These findings suggested that remodeling of gap junction distribution was closely linked to changes in desmosomes and adherens junctions and that temporary formation of intracellular junctional complexes was an element of the remodeling of cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions after myocardial infarction. Moreover, the remodeling of the intercalated disk region at the myocardial interface with area of scar tissues was associated with the acquisition of extracellular matrix and beta(1)-integrin.
Identifying Evasive Code in Malicious Websites by Analyzing Redirection Differences (2018)

Security researchers/vendors detect malicious websites based on several website features extracted by honeyclient analysis. However, web-based attacks continue to be more sophisticated along with the development of countermeasure techniques. Attackers detect the honeyclient and evade analysis using sophisticated JavaScript code. The evasive code indirectly identifies vulnerable clients by abusing the differences among JavaScript implementations. Attackers deliver malware only to targeted clients on the basis of the evasion results while avoiding honeyclient analysis. Therefore, we are faced with a problem in that honeyclients cannot analyze malicious websites. Nevertheless, we can observe the evasion nature, i.e., the results in accessing malicious websites by using targeted clients are different from those by using honeyclients. In this paper, we propose a method of extracting evasive code by leveraging the above differences to investigate current evasion techniques. Our method analyzes HTTP transactions of the same website obtained using two types of clients, a real browser as a targeted client and a browser emulator as a honeyclient. As a result of evaluating our method with 8,467 JavaScript samples executed in 20,272 malicious websites, we discovered previously unknown evasion techniques that abuse the differences among JavaScript implementations. These findings will contribute to improving the analysis capabilities of conventional honeyclients.
Selective, Orally Active 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists as Potential Antimigraine Agents (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTSelective, Orally Active 5-HT1D Receptor Agonists as Potential Antimigraine AgentsAngus M. MacLeod, Leslie J. Street, Austin J. Reeve, Richard A. Jelley, Francine Sternfeld, Margaret S. Beer, Josephine A. Stanton, Alan P. Watt, Denise Rathbone, and Victor G. MatassaView Author Information Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Bioanalytical Departments, Merck, Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Neuroscience Research Centre, Terlings Park, Eastwick Road, Harlow, Essex CM20 2QR, U.K. Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 1997, 40, 22, 3501–3503Publication Date (Web):October 24, 1997Publication History Received14 July 1997Published online24 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm9704560https://doi.org/10.1021/jm9704560rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views427Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Agonists,Assays,Bioavailability,Receptors,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Investigation of the maximum optical power rating for a micro-electro-mechanical device (2002)

Reports results of an investigation of optical power induced damage to a MEMS device, and the development of a mathematical model for predicting the maximum incident optical power a MEMS device can withstand before the reflective surface is permanently damaged. The mathematical model is based on a heat flow analysis of a MEMS device in thermal equilibrium under direct illumination, and has been validated using a variety of surface-micromachined micromirrors with both thermal simulation and direct laser illumination.
Characterizing fairness for 3G wireless networks (2011)

The end to end system data performance over a 3G cellular network depends on many factors such as the number of users, interference, multipath propagation, radio resource management techniques as well as the interaction between these mechanisms and the transport protocol's flow and congestion mechanisms. Using controlled experiments in a public cell site, we investigate the interaction between TCP and the 3G UMTS/HSPA network's resource allocation, and its effect on fairness in the throughput achieved across multiple (up to 26) TCP flows in a loaded cell sector. Our field measurement results indicate that TCP fairness fluctuates significantly when the air interface (radio link) is the bottleneck. We also observe that TCP fairness is substantially better when the backhaul link (a fixed wired link) is the bottleneck, instead of the air interface. We speculate that the fairness of TCP flows is adversely impacted by the mismatch between the resource allocation mechanisms of TCP's flow and congestion control and that of the Radio Access Network (RAN).
[Pandemic influenza: rapid sanitary-hygienic measures for initial containment of diffusion]. (2009)

Viral respiratory diseases may be characterized by rapid diffusion in population, that often cause epidemic outbreaks or pandemic. Besides, typical high mutations of involved virus (almost always influenza virus) can reduce the validity of the up to date available vaccine. The achievement of new vaccines can require prolonged period. In addition, the availability and efficacy of antiviral drugs against new viruses should be evaluated before their uses. Influenza virus replication occurs in the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, and viruses, present in contaminated secretions, spread mainly by aerosols generated during sneezing, coughing, and speaking. Direct and indirect contacts with contaminated fomites play a role, in transmission of viral infection, even if they are less relevant than aerosol transmission. In the absence of ready for use vaccines and active drugs, some "non-pharmaceutical" strategies can be considered decisive factors to reduce the diffusion of pandemic influenza. Hand washing and disinfection procedures, isolation of ill persons, different indication for use of surgical masks and respiratory masks have to be carefully considered.
An Extended Kalman Filter for Fetal Heart Location Estimation During Doppler-Based Heart Rate Monitoring (2018)

Fetal heart rate (fHR) monitoring using the Doppler ultrasound (US) is a standard clinical practice for assessing fetal well-being before and during labor. For continuous fHR measurements, the US transducer is positioned on the maternal abdomen using a flexible belt. Due to fetal movement, the relative fetal heart location (fHL) with respect to the US transducer can change, leading to frequent periods of signal loss hampering the clinical assessment of fetal health. Consequently, the clinical staff has to repeatedly reposition the US transducer-a cumbersome task affecting clinical workflow. We propose a method to estimate the fHL during fHR monitoring to support clinicians in efficiently repositioning the US transducer. Unlike typical US transducers, which do not provide any information on the spatial fHL, we exploit the fact that multiple transducer elements are present in the array aperture of the US transducer. We developed a novel model that relates the measured Doppler power in the individual transducer elements to the fHL and use it within the probabilistic framework of an extended Kalman filter (EKF). The performance of the EKF algorithm was evaluated in simulations and in in vitro experiments using a dedicated setup of a beating fetal heart. Both simulations and in vitro experiments showed that the fHL can be determined with an accuracy of 4 mm. Furthermore, we demonstrate that when the fetal heart is drifting out of the US beam, the EKF algorithm accurately estimates the fHL up to a radial distance of 34 mm.
Unified retention model for localized charge trapping nonvolatile memory device (2008)

Retention after cycling in an NROM nonvolatile memory cell is investigated. Electrical characterizations combined with two-dimensional simulations were employed. By combining subthreshold current characterizations with gate-induced drain leakage measurements, the retention loss mechanisms are quantified and differentiated. A unified retention model for the NROM technology is proposed, incorporating both lateral charge transport in the nitride layer and hot carrier-induced interface-states formation. The fabrication conditions in the various studies reported in the literature and the resultant impact on interface-states formation are most likely the cause of the formally nonresolved debate regarding the origin of retention loss in NROM technology.
The evaluation of polarization relaxation by means of charge holding ratio (1993)

Abstract A polarization switching is one of the most important factor of the characteristic properties of the surface stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystal displays. The polarization switching behaviour is conventionally investigated by an electrooptic measurement or a polarization switching current peak. We propose here new method for the polarization behaviour using the charge holding ratio. The new method is effective for an analysis of transient behaviour of the polarization switchings.
Use of DBARCs Beyond Implant (2011)

Almost a decade ago, the integrated circuit (IC) industry realized that traditional implant layers required new technology to achieve the specifications of the shrinking design rules and increased topography effects. In response, developer-soluble bottom anti-reflective coatings (DBARCs) were introduced as a solution. DBARCs offered the resolution and critical dimension (CD) control needed for the increasingly critical implant layers. In this paper the benefits DBARCs can bring to other lithographic processes are reviewed. Back-end-of-line (BEOL) dual damascene processes are surveyed. Front-end-of-line (FEOL) processes are examined, including high-k metal gate (HKMG), double patterning, and spacer. All processes are defined, and the value that a DBARC brings to each process is examined, along with potential challenges.
Measurement of bone by dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). (1988)

Bone densitometry is essential for (a) confirming a diagnosis of osteoporosis, (b) determining the degree of osteopenia and risk of fracture, and (c) monitoring the response of bone to therapeutic agents. Fracture risk at specific axial fracture sites (spine, proximal femur), is associated directly with bone mineral density (BMD) at these sites. ROC analysis demonstrates that the diagnostic sensitivity of spine and femur BMD for spine and/or femur fracture is substantially superior to BMD of appendicular sites in the immediate postmenopausal period. Femoral neck BMD affords high diagnostic sensitivity for proximal femur fracture even in the elderly. Recent prospective studies have shown that bone densitometry can predict future fractures in postmenopausal women. Conventional DPA with 153Gd provides high accuracy for total body, spine, and femur BMD with adequate clinical precision of 1%, 2% and 3%, respectively. Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), using either switched kVp or by k-edge filtering, offers better precision; typically the precision error is halved. The higher flux available from x-ray sources provides other advantages over DPA, including: improved spatial resolution (2 vs 4 mm), reduced radiation exposure (1 vs 2 mrem), and decreased scan times (3 to 10X). Improved DPA systems, with automatic gain stabilization to minimize drift, could offer clinical precision comparable to DEXA but the scan time and spatial resolution remain as before. Both DPA and DEXA allow detection of therapeutic efficacy in individual patients over the first year or two of therapy.
Densities of Carbon Dioxide + Nitrogen from 225 K to 450 K at Pressures up to 70 MPa (1997)

This paper reports PVT measurements for five gravimetrically prepared mixtures of CO2 + N2 from 225 K to 450 K at pressures up to 70 MPa. These results have been determined using a continuously-weighed pycnometer. A detailed error analysis indicates that the accuracy of the densities is better than ±0.1%. Additional PVT data for CO2 + N2 mixtures have been measured by Netherlandse Gasunie, Ruhrgas, and Gaz de France as reported by Jaeschke and Humphreys (1990).
Introduction to the Feature Issue on nanophotonics (2016)

This feature issue is a partial collection of contributions from authors who presented their research at the 9th International Conference on Nanophotonics (ICNP 2016) held during March 21-25, 2016 at Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan. ICNP is an independent conference series dedicated to nanophotonics research and applications. This feature issue collects 28 papers related to research presented at ICNP 2016.
From Biochemistry to Genetics in a Flash of Light (2020)

The Genetics Society of America (GSA) Medal recognizes researchers who have made outstanding contributions to the field of genetics in the past 15 years. The 2019 GSA Medal is awarded to Bonnie L. Bassler of Princeton University and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute in recognition of her groundbreaking studies of bacterial chemical communication and regulation of group behaviors.