gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitaxial YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 on Biaxially Textured Nickel (001): An Approach to Superconducting Tapes with High Critical Current Density (1996)

In-plane-aligned, c axis-oriented YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 (YBCO) films with superconducting critical current densities J c as high as 700,000 amperes per square centimeter at 77 kelvin have been grown on thermomechanically rolled-textured nickel (001) tapes by pulsed-laser deposition. Epitaxial growth of oxide buffer layers directly on biaxially textured nickel, formed by recrystallization of cold-rolled pure nickel, made possible the growth of YBCO films 1.5 micrometers thick with superconducting properties that are comparable to those observed for epitaxial films on single-crystal oxide substrates. This result represents a viable approach for the production of long superconducting tapes for high-current, high-field applications at 77 kelvin.
Output power enhancement of light-emitting diodes via two-dimensional hole arrays generated by a monolayer of microspheres (2009)

The output power enhancement of the GaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) featuring two-dimensional (2D) hole arrays is demonstrated. The 2D air hole arrays were first generated in the photoresist by utilizing the focusing nature of microspheres, and then transferred onto the GaN surface through dry etching. The maximum output power of the surface-textured LEDs was enhanced by 45% compared with the LEDs without surface texturing. The finite-difference time-domain calculation was performed and revealed that the light extraction efficiency of the textured LEDs increased with increasing etching depth.
Characterization of Nonlinear Distortion in Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection Systems (2023)

Intensity modulation and direct detection (IM-DD) systems are widely used in short-reach optical networks. Thus, developing a practical and accurate method to characterize nonlinear distortion and to estimate system performance is essential, as this is the foundation of IM-DD system design. The amount of nonlinear distortion can be characterized using the noise-to-power ratio (NPR). Although measuring the NPR using a notch requires only a spectrum analyzer, this method cannot be applied to a nonlinear system with non-Gaussian stimuli in general. We employ the method of measuring the NPR using a notch to characterize the nonlinear distortion in directly modulated distributed feedback (DM-DFB) laser-based IM-DD systems. Nonlinear distortion in these IM-DD systems can be attributed to two specific mechanisms: the imperfect power–current characteristic of the DM-DFB laser and the interaction among the modulation, chromatic dispersion (CD), and detection. Experimental results demonstrated that the nonlinear distortion can be accurately characterized with a mean absolute error of 0.47 dB, even when the stimuli are pulse amplitude modulation. The system performance subjected to nonlinearity could be estimated by the equivalent additive noise model. Besides, the method of measuring the NPR using a notch is also effective when the Mach–Zehnder modulator-based IM-DD system has nonnegligible CD. However, it failed in the case of negligible CD. Considering that this method is not always effective, we analyzed the attributes of various nonlinear systems and found that the above method is applicable only to systems dominated by second-order nonlinearity.
Scaling limits of rectangular and trapezoidal channel FinFETs (2013)

Here we present a complete analytical model that characterizes all the variations of multi-gate MOSFETs including the Tri-gate FinFET (Figure 1), all-around gate FinFET, Trapezoidal FinFET, Double-gate MOSFET, etc. Next we present a complete comparison between ideal rectangular FinFETs and trapezoidal FinFETs. Finally, for the first time, we present the ultimate limit for scaling of rectangular and trapezoidal FinFETs.
REEF (2015)

Resource Managers like Apache YARN have emerged as a critical layer in the cloud computing system stack, but the developer abstractions for leasing cluster resources and instantiating application logic are very low-level. This flexibility comes at a high cost in terms of developer effort, as each application must repeatedly tackle the same challenges (e.g., fault-tolerance, task scheduling and coordination) and re-implement common mechanisms (e.g., caching, bulk-data transfers). This paper presents REEF, a development framework that provides a control-plane for scheduling and coordinating task-level (data-plane) work on cluster resources obtained from a Resource Manager. REEF provides mechanisms that facilitate resource re-use for data caching, and state management abstractions that greatly ease the development of elastic data processing work-flows on cloud platforms that support a Resource Manager service. REEF is being used to develop several commercial offerings such as the Azure Stream Analytics service. Furthermore, we demonstrate REEF development of a distributed shell application, a machine learning algorithm, and a port of the CORFU [4] system. REEF is also currently an Apache Incubator project that has attracted contributors from several instititutions.
Androsterone 3α-Ether-3β-Substituted and Androsterone 3β-Substituted Derivatives as Inhibitors of Type 3 17β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase:  Chemical Synthesis and Structure−Activity Relationship (2005)

Type 3 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17beta-HSD) is involved in the biosynthesis of androgen testosterone. To produce potent inhibitors of this key steroidogenic enzyme, we prepared a series of androsterone (ADT) derivatives by adding a variety of substituents at position 3. The 3beta-substituted ADT derivatives proved to be good inhibitors (IC(50) = 57-147 nM) with better inhibitory activities obtained for compounds bearing a propyl, s-butyl, cyclohexylalkyl, or phenylalkyl group. With an IC(50) value of 57 nM, the 3beta-phenylmethyl-ADT was 6-fold more potent than ADT, the lead compound, and 13-fold more potent than 4-androstene-3,17-dione, the natural enzyme substrate used itself as inhibitor. The 3alpha-ether-3beta-substituted ADT derivatives had a lower inhibitory activity compared to the 3beta-substituted ADT analogues except for the 3beta-phenylethyl-3alpha-methl-O-ADT (IC(50) = 73 nM), which proved to be a more potent inhibitor than 3beta-phenylethyl-ADT (IC(50) = 99 nM). The results of our study identified potent type 3 17beta-HSD inhibitors for potential use in the treatment of androgen-sensitive diseases.
Rhodol fluorophores for near-infrared imaging (2023)

The present disclosure encompasses embodiments of a novel near-infrared-emitting molecular fluorophore and probes incorporating said fluorophore advantageous for in vitro and in vivo research studies. The fluorophore is robust, photostable, and possesses functionalities for easy bioorthogonal conjugation (e.g., click chemistry, hydrazone formation, Diels Alder, Staudinger ligation, etc.). It is biocompatible and emits at 711 nm in aqueous conditions. These fluorophores may be used to fluorescently tag biological molecules or structures of interest, or used as optical reporters (i.e., activatable molecular probes, fluorescent dyes) for specific biomarkers/analytes as they can be switched from “off” to “on.” This fluorophore is useful for cellular assays and preclinical small animal imaging as the near-infrared emission is highly penetrating, and the photophysical properties are outstanding. As such, the properties of this class of fluorophores could easily be translated for use in clinical applications.
Neoadjuvant hormone therapy: the Canadian trials. (2000)

The Canadian Urologic Oncology Group has carried out three studies of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) in prostate cancer. The first, a study of 3 months of cyproterone acetate (CPA) 100 mg TID in patients undergoing external-beam radiation therapy, showed a benefit with respect to time to biochemical progression. There are no survival or clinical progression data available from this study. The second study involved 3 months of CPA prior to radical prostatectomy compared with radical prostatectomy alone and enrolled 200 patients. The probability of biochemical progression at 36 months was similar in the two groups (CPA 40%; surgery alone 30%; P = 0.3233). More recently, we have carried out a randomized trial of 3 v 8 months of leuprolide plus flutamide prior to radical prostatectomy in 547 patients. Patients were stratified by clinical stage, Gleason grade, and serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) concentration. In the 3- and 8-month groups, presurgery PSA concentrations were <0.1 ng/mL in 35% v 73%, and >0.3 ng/mL in 37% v 10%, respectively. In the 3- and 8-month groups, the positive margin rates were 17% and 5% and the organ-confined rates 71% and 91% (P < 0.01). One-year follow-up is now available on the entire cohort. Data regarding time to biochemical and clinical progression and overall and disease-specific survival will be required to determine whether this change in the pathologic findings translates into a patient benefit.
Hibernation triggers and myocardial protection. (1998)

Administration of serum derived from hibernating black bears to rabbits affords protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury compared with vehicle (saline)-treated animals in a rabbit isolated heart preparation. It is apparent that HIT deserves further identification and mechanistic study in the setting of ischemia-reperfusion injury.
Preparation and investigation of polymer-modified electrodes by square wave voltammetry (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation and investigation of polymer-modified electrodes by square wave voltammetryEsther Sans. Takeuchi and Janet. OsteryoungCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 8, 1768–1770Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00285a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00285a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In vivo and in vitro evidence for an association between the route‐specific transmission of HHV‐8 and the virus genotype (2012)

The study was performed to determine if there is an association between the genotype and transmission of HHV-8 types A and C. These HHV-8 subtypes are prevalent in the area of North of Sardinia, which is an island off west Italy's mainland that has a high HHV-8 seroprevalence (35%). Blood and saliva samples from 30 patients with classic Kaposi's sarcoma who were lifetime residents of North Sardinia were analyzed to identify the HHV-8 genotype and quantitate the viral load. Genotype A, especially A1 subtype, was found more frequently (9/30 patients) and had a significantly higher viral load in saliva compared to blood (P = 0.029), where type C was found more frequently but with a viral load lower than 10(3) copies/ml. To determine if there is a correlation between the viral genotype and cellular tropism, type A1 and C3 HHV-8 viral particles were obtained from cell lines BCBL1 and BC3 infected chronically with HHV-8 A1 and C3 genotypes respectively and used to infect HEK293 epithelial origin cells and PBMCs in vitro. The data indicate that the A1 HHV-8 genotype is tropic and replicates at higher levels in the epithelial cell lines.
Desarrollo de concentradores ópticos anidólicos (2002)

La optica anidolica u optica no formadora de imagen es una herramienta fundamental en el diseno de sistemas opticos para las comunicaciones opticas no guiadas, concentracion fotovoltaica y sistemas de iluminacion, entre otros. En este trabajo se presentan 5 nuevos concentradores, 4 de los cuales tienen su aplicacion en sistemas fotovoltaicos de concentracion y el quinto esta disenado para su uso en comunicaciones opticas si hilos. En el Capitulo I se hace una breve introduccion a los conceptos utilizados en el manejo de la Optica Anidolica asi como en la obtencion de concentradores opticos. En el Capitulo II se presenta el diseno de un nuevo concentrador optico para optimizar la relacion senal a ruido de un enlace optico sin hilos entre diferentes terminales en una habitacion. En el Capitulo III, se describe el procedimiento de diseno de dos nuevos dispositivos, los concentradores estaticos RXIf y RX-RXI para aplicaciones de integracion arquitectonica. El Capitulo IV muestra los resultados de la fabricacion del concentrador RX-RXI utilizando la tecnica de extrusion de vidrio. El Capitulo V presenta el diseno de un nuevo concentrador de alta ganancia, el TIR-R. Este dispositivo es el primero de su clase (concentradores TIR) en que se calculan las caras TIR del concentrador directamente en el proceso de diseno. Una modificacion del concentrador TIR-R se presentea en el Capitulo VI, que consiste en utilizar una configuracion del tipo TIR-R que funcione como integrador, evitandose asi elevadas concentraciones locales. Finalmente, en el Capitulo VII se presentan los resultados de la fabricacion de los concentradores TIR-R propuestos en los Capitulos V y VI. En este capitulo se comentara el proceso de fabricacion de los concentradores TIR-R mediante la tecnica de inyeccion de PMMA.
Charge and Mobility Enhancements in In-Polar InAl(Ga)N/Al(Ga)N/GaN Heterojunctions Grown by Metal–Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition Using a Graded Growth Strategy (2012)

In this paper, we investigated the Ga incorporation effect in InAl(Ga)N/Al(Ga)N/GaN heterojunctions grown by a close coupled showerhead metal–organic chemical vapor reactor and proposed a grading growth strategy, where the indium composition was graded from Al(Ga)N to InAl(Ga)N, to mitigate the deleterious effect of Ga carry-over on the transport properties of two dimensional electron gas (2DEG). In contrast to non-graded samples grown by conventional growth strategy without grading, hall measurements revealed significant charge and mobility enhancements for the graded samples, with an electron mobility of 1300 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , a sheet charge density of 2.35 ×10 13 cm -2 and a resultant low sheet resistance of 205 Ω/□ compared to the non-graded sample with an low sheet charge density of 1.4 ×10 13 cm -2 and mobility of 1100 ±50 cm 2 V -1 s -1 . The reason of the enhancements were then analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atom probe techniques, which revealed that grading strategy led to a higher average Al composition in the barrier layer.
Novel Signaling Pathways Triggered by a Human Alpha1a‐Adrenoceptor Genetic Variant (2013)

Alpha1‐adrenergic receptors (α1ARs) play an important role in cardiovascular disease. We reported that naturally occurring genetic variant of human α1aAR, with G247R SNP (247R) identified in hypertensive patient, leads to constitutive hyperproliferation of fibroblasts via βarrestin/MMP‐dependent EGFR‐transactivation. Here we examine if the 247R‐triggered hyperproliferation is generalizable in other cell types. Surprisingly, expression of 247R in cardiomyoblasts results in morphological and phenotypical changes to fibroblast‐like cells. RNA and protein expression levels of FSP1, DDR2, MMP2, vimentin, Troponin I, βMHC confirm fibroblast‐like phenotype and cells exhibit agonist‐induced hypertrophy and constitutive, serum‐independent 2–3‐fold increased proliferation. Interestingly, hypertrophy but not proliferation is inhibited by prazosin, an α1aAR‐inverse agonist, suggesting two independent pathways triggered by 247R: proliferation is caused by Gq‐independent, but βarrestin/Src‐dependent EGFR transactivation while hypertrophy is Gq‐dependent. In summary, our data suggest that the naturally occurring human α1aAR genetic variant triggers βarrestin/MMP/ADAM dependent EGFR transactivation pathway leading to hyperproliferation or hypertrophy in different cardiovascular cell types and is a novel hypertension‐associated signaling mechanism.
2-Substituted aminopyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones. structure-activity relationships against selected tyrosine kinases and in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity. (1998)

While engaged in therapeutic intervention against a number of proliferative diseases, we have discovered the 2-aminopyrido[2, 3-d]pyrimidin-7(8H)-ones as a novel class of potent, broadly active tyrosine kinase (TK) inhibitors. An efficient route was developed that enabled the synthesis of a wide variety of analogues with substitution on several positions of the template. From the lead structure 2, a series of analogues bearing variable substituents at the C-2 position and methyl or ethyl at N-8 was made. Compounds of this series were competitive with ATP and displayed submicromolar to low nanomolar potency against a panel of TKs, including receptor (platelet-derived growth factor, PDGFr; fibroblast growth factor, FGFr; epidermal growth factor, EGFr) and nonreceptor (c-Src) classes. One of the more thoroughly evaluated members was 63 with IC50 values of 0.079 microM (PDGFr), 0.043 microM (bFGFr), 0.044 microM (EGFr), and 0.009 microM (c-Src). In cellular studies, 63 inhibited PDGF-mediated receptor autophosphorylation in a number of cell lines at IC50 values of 0.026-0.002 microM and proliferation of two PDGF-dependent lines at 0.3 microM. It also caused inhibition of soft agar colony formation in three cell lines that overexpress the c-Src TK, with IC50 values of 0.33-1.8 microM. In in vivo studies against a panel of seven xenograft tumor models with known and/or inferred dependence on the EGFr, PDGFr, and c-Src TKs, compound 63 produced a tumor growth delay of 10.6 days against the relatively refractory SK-OV-3 ovarian xenograft and also displayed activity against the HT-29 tumor. In rat oral bioavailability studies, compound 63 plasma concentrations declined in a biexponential manner, and systemic plasma clearance was high relative to liver blood flow. Finally, in rat metabolism studies, HPLC chromatography identified two metabolites of 63, which were proved by mass spectrometry and synthesis to be the primary amine (58) and N-oxide (66). Because of the excellent potency of 63 against selected TKs, in vitro and in vivo studies are underway for this compound in additional tumor models dependent upon PDGFr, FGFr, and c-Src to assess its potential for advancement to clinical trials.
On the Structure of Thailandene A: Synthetic Examination of the Cryptic Natural Product Aided by a Theoretical Approach (2022)

Abstract Phenotype-guided transposon mutagenesis has emerged as a valuable tool to access cryptic metabolites encoded in bacterial genomes. Recently, the method was demonstrated by inducing silent biosynthetic gene clusters in Burkholderia thailandensis. Amongst the isolated metabolic products, thailandene A exhibited promising antibiotic activity. By assignment, the linear polyenic aldehyde contained a labile motif, where an ostensible chiral secondary alcohol was interlaced in an allylic and a homoallylic constellation. Our attention was drawn to the pseudo-symmetric relationship between the heterofunctionalities, indicating the transformation of a dodecapentaenedial scaffold. Centering on an iterative cross-coupling protocol, the assigned all-E-(12R)-hydroxydodecapentaenal moiety was assembled by combining Zincke chemistry with the MIDA-attenuated Suzuki reaction developed in the Burke laboratory. Thus, according to the devised strategy, the mixed 1,2-bisborylated vinyl linchpin was consecutively functionalized with 5-bromodienal derivatives in a doubly orthogonal fashion. However, when the synthetic material was matched against the bacterial isolate, inconsistencies were observed. A re-examination of the cryptic natural product was conducted by juxtaposing analytical data from experiment and density functional theory calculations, in which hydroperoxide was evaluated as a candidate metabolite present in the bacterial isolate.
A novel lysine-substituted nucleoside in the first position of the anticodon of minor isoleucine tRNA from Escherichia coli. (1988)

A minor species of isoleucine tRNA (tRNA(minor Ile)) specific to the codon AUA has been isolated from Escherichia coli B and a modified nucleoside N+ has been found in the first position of the anticodon (Harada, F., and Nishimura, S. (1974) Biochemistry 13, 300-307). In the present study, tRNA(minor Ile)) was purified from E. coli A19, and nucleoside N+ was prepared, by high-performance liquid chromatography, in an amount (0.6) A260 units) sufficient for the determination of chemical structures. By 400 MHz 1H NMR analysis, nucleoside N+ was found to have a pyrimidine moiety and a lysine moiety, the epsilon amino group of which was involved in the linkage between these two moieties. From the NMR analysis together with mass spectrometry, the structure of nucleoside N+ was determined as 4-amino-2-(N6-lysino)-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)pyrimidinium ("lysidine"), which was confirmed by chemical synthesis. Lysidine is a novel type of modified cytidine with a lysine moiety and has one positive charge. Probably because of such a unique structure, lysidine in the first position of anticodon recognizes adenosine but not guanosine in the third position of codon.
Improved Primary CBF Generation with the use of Gauss-Seidel Method (2019)

We propose a novel characteristic basis function method (CBFM) by using the Gauss-Seidel Method for the calculation of the improved primary characteristic basis functions. By using this method, the accuracy of the CBFM can be improved. We analyzed the radar cross section of two scatterers by using the proposed technique. It was found that the analysis accuracy is improved in comparison with the results of the conventional technique.
A Nanophotonic Interconnect for High-Performance Many-Core Computation (2008)

We describe the results of a design study of DWDM on-chip and off-chip nanophotonic interconnects and device technologies that could improve computing performance by a factor of 20 above industry projections over the next decade.