gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Shock generated vorticity in spark discharges (2021)

Abstract Spark discharges induce a complex flow field consisting of a shock wave at early times (∼1 µ s), a pair of vortex rings, and a hot gas kernel. The vortex rings entrain ambient gas into the hot gas kernel and control its cooling and expansion. In this work, we investigate the shock wave’s contribution in producing the vortex ring vorticity. We analyze high-speed (700 kHz) schlieren images of the shock wave for a range of electrical energies to measure the shock properties and estimate shock velocity and curvature. These measurements are combined with a model to calculate the vorticity generated. The measurements show that the highest vorticity is generated near the peak shock curvature location, and the shock curvature and strength increase with electrical energy deposited. A comparison of the vorticity estimated from the model to vorticity measurements from stereoscopic particle image velocimetry shows the results to be statistically equivalent. This suggests that the shock curvature and velocity contribute to the vortex rings induced by spark discharges.
Independent Component Analysis For Radio Network Prediction Enhancement (2006)

Abstract — We propose a method to enhance the quality and precision of prediction results using measurements in the context of radio network modelling. The proposed me-thod involves the use of an Independent Component Analy-sis (ICA) block and a MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) Arti-ficial Neural Network (ANN). The role of the ICA block is to make the variables at the input of the ANN statistically independent so that it can perform its learning and predic-tion on individual one-dimensional distributions. The application of the proposed method to a third genera-tion cellular radio network prediction tool has shown that without ICA, ANN training has a poor performance. We have also shown that, in the proposed scheme, ICA performs better than Principle Component Analysis (PCA). This en-hancement method can advantageously be used to calibrate prediction results according to measurements. I.
Receptor (2016)

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Dynamic Analysis on Underlay Microstructure for Cu/Low-k Wafer during Wire Bonding (2009)

Two major analyses were conducted in this paper. In the first, experimental procedures are accomplished to measure the tensile mechanical properties of ultra thin gold wire (=1mil) before/after electric flame-off (EFO). Characteristics of free air ball (FAB), heat affected zone (HAZ) and as-drawn wire have been carefully investigated by nanoindentation, microhardness and self-design pull test fixture. Secondary, with the obtained experimental material data, a comprehensive finite element model using software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is successfully developed to simulate the wirebonding. Dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate the overall stress distributions on the underlay microstructure of Cu/low-k wafer. Special emphasizes are focused on the Copper via and the intermetal dielectric (IMD)/undoped silica glass (USG) dielectric microstructure.
NHBA is processed by kallikrein from human saliva (2019)

Neisserial Heparin Binding Antigen (NHBA) is a surface-exposed lipoprotein of Neisseria meningitidis and a component of the Bexsero vaccine. NHBA is characterized by the presence of a highly conserved Arg-rich region involved in binding to heparin and heparan sulphate proteoglycans present on the surface of host epithelial cells, suggesting a possible role of NHBA during N. meningitidis colonization. NHBA has been shown to be cleaved by the meningococcal protease NalP and by human lactoferrin (hLF), a host protease presents in different body fluids (saliva, breast milk and serum). Cleavage occurs upstream or downstream the Arg-rich region. Since the human nasopharynx is the only known reservoir of infection, we further investigated the susceptibility of NHBA to human proteases present in the saliva to assess whether proteolytic cleavage could happen during the initial steps of colonization. Here we show that human saliva proteolytically cleaves NHBA, and identified human kallikrein 1 (hK1), a serine protease, as responsible for this cleavage. Kallikrein-related peptidases (KLKs) have a distinct domain structure and exist as a family of 15 genes which are differentially expressed in many tissues and in the central nervous system. They are present in plasma, lymph, urine, saliva, pancreatic juices, and other body fluids where they catalyze the proteolysis of several human proteins. Here we report the characterization of NHBA cleavage by the tissue kallikrein, expressed in saliva and the identification of the cleavage site on NHBA both, as recombinant protein or as native protein, when expressed on live bacteria. Overall, these findings provide new insights on NHBA as target of host proteases, highlights thepotential role of NHBA in the Neisseria meningitidis nasopharyngeal colonization, and of kallikrein as a defensive agent against meningococcal infection.
Outcomes of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation (HCT) in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Impact of Myeloablative (MA) Vs. Reduced-Intensity Conditioning (RIC) Regimens, and Impact of Total Body Irradiation (TBI)-Based MA Versus Chemotherapy (CT)-Based MA Conditioning (2012)

There has been a marked change in transplant approaches of the CLL patient. MA conditioning has been shown to provide high complete remission (CR) rates and long-term survival, however, it remains associated with significant treatment related mortality (TRM) and it remains unclear whether a CT - or TBI-based MA regimen is most efficacious. RIC has also been shown to achieve durable long-term survival with a lower TRM (15-25%) and has been generally used for older patients. To attempt to compare these procedures an analysis of CLL patients undergoing first Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-matched sibling donor (MRD) HCT between 1995 and 2007 was performed, focusing on differences between: 1) MA vs.
On the Viability of Monocular Depth Pre-training for Semantic Segmentation (2022)

The question of whether pre-training on geometric tasks is viable for downstream transfer to semantic tasks is important for two reasons, one practical and the other scientific. If the answer is positive, we may be able to reduce pre-training cost and bias from human annotators significantly. If the answer is negative, it may shed light on the role of embodiment in the emergence of language and other cognitive functions in evolutionary history. To frame the question in a way that is testable with current means, we pre-train a model on a geometric task, and test whether that can be used to prime a notion of 'object' that enables inference of semantics as soon as symbols (labels) are assigned. We choose monocular depth prediction as the geometric task, and semantic segmentation as the downstream semantic task, and design a collection of empirical tests by exploring different forms of supervision, training pipelines, and data sources for both depth pre-training and semantic fine-tuning. We find that monocular depth is a viable form of pre-training for semantic segmentation, validated by improvements over common baselines. Based on the findings, we propose several possible mechanisms behind the improvements, including their relation to dataset size, resolution, architecture, in/out-of-domain source data, and validate them through a wide range of ablation studies. We also find that optical flow, which at first glance may seem as good as depth prediction since it optimizes the same photometric reprojection error, is considerably less effective, as it does not explicitly aim to infer the latent structure of the scene, but rather the raw phenomenology of temporally adjacent images.
Interrogating the Druggability of the 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Dioxygenase Target Class by Chemical Proteomics (2016)

The 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase target class comprises around 60 enzymes including several subfamilies with relevance to human disease, such as the prolyl hydroxylases and the Jumonji-type lysine demethylases. Current drug discovery approaches are largely based on small molecule inhibitors targeting the iron/2-oxoglutarate cofactor binding site. We have devised a chemoproteomics approach based on a combination of unselective active-site ligands tethered to beads, enabling affinity capturing of around 40 different dioxygenase enzymes from human cells. Mass-spectrometry-based quantification of bead-bound enzymes using a free-ligand competition-binding format enabled the comprehensive determination of affinities for the cosubstrate 2-oxoglutarate and for oncometabolites such as 2-hydroxyglutarate. We also profiled a set of representative drug-like inhibitor compounds. The results indicate that intracellular competition by endogenous cofactors and high active site similarity present substantial challenges for drug discovery for this target class.
Cyanuric Fluoride (2002)

[675-14-9] C3F3N3 (MW 135.05) InChI = 1S/C3F3N3/c4-1-7-2(5)9-3(6)8-1 InChIKey = VMKJWLXVLHBJNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N (reagent used for conversion of carboxylic acids to acid fluorides; deoxygenation of alkyl sulfoxides; and activation of alkenyl boronic acids for 1,4-addition reactions) Alternate Name: 2,4,6-trifluoro-1,3,5-triazine, cyanuryl fluoride. Physical Data: mp −38°C; bp 72–74°C; d 1.574 g mL−1. Form Supplied in: colorless liquid. Purification: the commercial reagent is generally used as received. Handling, Storage, and Precautions: highly toxic; very toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin, and if swallowed. Causes burns. Readily absorbed through the skin. Lachrymator. In case of accident or if you feel ill, seek medical advice immediately (show the label when possible). In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. Do not breath vapor. Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves, and face/eye protection. Refrigerate. Moisture sensitive; keep container tightly closed. Disposal: dissolve or mix with a combustible solvent and incinerate.
Four-dimensional Printing of Liquid Crystal Elastomers (2017)

Three-dimensional structures capable of reversible changes in shape, i.e., four-dimensional-printed structures, may enable new generations of soft robotics, implantable medical devices, and consumer products. Here, thermally responsive liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs) are direct-write printed into 3D structures with a controlled molecular order. Molecular order is locally programmed by controlling the print path used to build the 3D object, and this order controls the stimulus response. Each aligned LCE filament undergoes 40% reversible contraction along the print direction on heating. By printing objects with controlled geometry and stimulus response, magnified shape transformations, for example, volumetric contractions or rapid, repetitive snap-through transitions, are realized.
Data from DS-8201a, A Novel HER2-Targeting ADC with a Novel DNA Topoisomerase I Inhibitor, Demonstrates a Promising Antitumor Efficacy with Differentiation from T-DM1 (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; An anti-HER2 antibody–drug conjugate with a novel topoisomerase I inhibitor, DS-8201a, was generated as a new antitumor drug candidate, and its preclinical pharmacologic profile was assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; &lt;i&gt;In vitro&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; pharmacologic activities of DS-8201a were evaluated and compared with T-DM1 in several HER2-positive cell lines and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. The mechanism of action for the efficacy was also evaluated. Pharmacokinetics in cynomolgus monkeys and the safety profiles in rats and cynomolgus monkeys were assessed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; DS-8201a exhibited a HER2 expression-dependent cell growth–inhibitory activity and induced tumor regression with a single dosing at more than 1 mg/kg in a HER2-positive gastric cancer NCI-N87 model. Binding activity to HER2 and ADCC activity of DS-8201a were comparable with unconjugated anti-HER2 antibody. DS-8201a also showed an inhibitory activity to Akt phosphorylation. DS-8201a induced phosphorylation of Chk1 and Histone H2A.X, the markers of DNA damage. Pharmacokinetics and safety profiles of DS-8201a were favorable and the highest non-severely toxic dose was 30 mg/kg in cynomolgus monkeys, supporting DS-8201a as being well tolerated in humans. DS-8201a was effective in a T-DM1–insensitive PDX model with high HER2 expression. DS-8201a, but not T-DM1, demonstrated antitumor efficacy against several breast cancer PDX models with low HER2 expression.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; DS-8201a exhibited a potent antitumor activity in a broad selection of HER2-positive models and favorable pharmacokinetics and safety profiles. The results demonstrate that DS-8201a will be a valuable therapy with a great potential to respond to T-DM1–insensitive HER2-positive cancers and low HER2–expressing cancers. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(20); 5097–108. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Vortex Generators in Lean-Premix Combustion (1998)

A novel fuel-air mixing technique on the basis of vortex generators has been developed and successfully implemented in the worlds first lean-premix reheat combustor of ABB’s GT24/GT26 series industrial gas turbines. This technique uses a special arrangement of delta-wing type vortex generators to achieve rapid mixing through longitudinal vortices, which produce low pressure drop and no recirculation zones along the mixing section. In this paper, after a short introduction to the topic, the motivation for utilizing vortex generators and the main considerations in their design are explained. A detailed analysis of the flow field, pressure drop and the strength of the vortices generated by a single vortex generator are presented as one of the three main geometrical parameters is varied. The results obtained through water model tests indicate that an optimum vortex generator geometry exists, which produces the maximum circulation at a relatively low pressure drop price. Moreover, the axial velocity distribution along the mixing section stays uniform enough to assure flash-back free operation despite the elevated inlet temperatures encountered in a reheat combustor. After selecting this optimized geometry, the process of the arrangement of multiple vortex generators in an annular combustor segment is described. The optimum arrangement presented here is suitable both for gaseous and liquid fuel injection, since it requires only one injection location per combustor segment.
Raman fingerprinting of single dielectric nanoparticles in plasmonic nanopores (2015)

Plasmonic nano-apertures are commonly used for the detection of small particles such as nanoparticles and proteins by exploiting electrical and optical techniques. Plasmonic nanopores are metallic nano-apertures sitting on a thin membrane with a tiny hole. It has been shown that plasmonic nanopores with a given geometry identify internal molecules using Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS). However, label-free identification of a single dielectric nanoparticle requires a highly localized field comparable to the size of the particle. Additionally, the particle's Brownian motion can jeopardize the amount of photons collected from a single particle. Here, we demonstrate that the combination of optical trapping and SERS can be used for the detection and identification of 20 nm polystyrene nanoparticles in plasmonic nanopores. This work is anticipated to contribute to the detection of small bioparticles, optical trapping and nanotribology studies.
Repression of β-Galactosidase Synthesis by Glucose in Phosphotransferase Mutants of Escherichia coli (1969)

Abstract Glucose and α-methyl glucoside repress β-galactosidase synthesis in wild type Escherichia coli and in mutant strains deficient in Enzyme I or in the heat-stable protein of the phosphoenolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system. Although the mutants do not grow on glucose and accumulate only a small amount of α-methyl glucoside, they are more sensitive to repression by these compounds than are their parent strains. This repression is presumably due to the lowering of the intracellular concentration of cyclic 3',5'-AMP by glucose and α-methyl glucoside, since it can be prevented by addition of the nucleotide. In contrast, a mutant deficient in glucose Enzyme II activity was resistant to repression by glucose and α-methyl glucoside. Evidently, the repression of β-galactosidase synthesis by these sugars does not require phosphorylation by the P-enolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system. It does, however, require the presence of Enzyme II activity for the sugars. An Enzyme I mutant and a heat-stable protein mutant which did not grow on lactose would grow on lactose in the presence of cyclic 3',5'-AMP or of isopropylthio-β-d-galactoside. Therefore, an intact P-enolpyruvate-phosphotransferase system is not required for lactose utilization by E. coli.
Обоснование технологии водогазового воздействия, основанной на эффекте пенообразования (2008)

The technology of water-gas influence, consisting in restriction of mobility of gas owing to formation of fine oil + microbubbles mixture in the area of contact of oil and gas, is offered. It is offered to carry out the water-gas influence by alternating pumping of water and gas slugs, that will allow to avoid crystalline hydrates formation in the injection lines. Results of laboratory experiments and theoretical calculations, showing, that the maximal oil recovery ratio is reached at a ratio of pumped volumes of gas and water in a range from 0.2 up to 0.4, are presented. Characteristic features of relative phase permeability curves in the oil - gas system at microbubbles presence are specified.
Presentation for IARPA Quantum Enhanced Optimization Proposers' Day. (2017)

Abstract not provided.
Unsteady‐State Reactor Operation (2008)

Abstract The sections in this article are Introduction Dynamic Kinetic Model General Approaches to Reactor Modeling Analysis and Optimization of Cyclic Processes Inlet Composition and Temperature Modulation Partial Oxidation in Fluidized‐Bed and Riser Reactors Dynamic Phenomena in a Fixed‐Bed Reactor Forced Unsteady‐State Processes in Fixed‐Bed Reactors Reverse‐Flow Operation Migration of a Reaction Zone through a Reactor Network Inlet Temperature Modulation Flow Modulation in Three‐Phase Reactors Periodically Operated Adsorptive Reactors Chromatographic Reactors Flow‐Reversal Adsorptive Reactors Pressure‐Swing Reactors NO x Storage Reduction Systems Stabilization of Unstable Steady States
Distribution of Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles between Water and Lipid Bilayers as Model Cell Membranes (2012)

Lipid bilayers are biomembranes common to cellular life and constitute a continuous barrier between cells and their environment. Understanding the interaction of nanoparticles with lipid bilayers is an important step toward predicting subsequent biological effects. In this study, we assessed the affinity of functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) with sizes from 5 to 100 nm to lipid bilayers by determining the Au NP distribution between aqueous electrolytes and lipid bilayers. The Au NP distribution to lipid bilayers reached an apparent steady state in 24 h with smaller Au NPs distributing onto lipid bilayers more rapidly than larger ones. Au NPs distributed to lipid bilayers to a larger extent at lower pH. Tannic acid-functionalized Au NPs exhibited greater distribution to lipid bilayers than polyvinylpyrrolidone-functionalized Au NPs of the same size. Across the various Au NP sizes, we measure the lipid bilayer-water distribution coefficient (K(lipw) = C(lip)/C(w)) as 450 L/kg lipid, which is independent of dosimetric units. This work suggests that the nanoparticle-cell membrane interaction is dependent on solution chemistry and nanoparticle surface functionality. The K(lipw) value may be used to predict the affinity of spherical Au NPs across a certain size range toward lipid membranes.
Altered binding of regulatory factors to HLA class I enhancer sequence in human tumor cell lines lacking class I antigen expression. (1992)

Class I antigens encoded in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) (HLA in man, H-2 in the mouse) play a key role in the recognition of target cells by cytolytic T lymphocytes. Tumor cells frequently do not express class I MHC molecules, which strongly suggests that down-regulation of the latter facilitates escape of tumor cells from immune surveillance. The expression of class I MHC genes is tightly regulated. An enhancer element, conserved in the promoters of mouse and human MHC genes, has been shown to be important for mouse class I MHC gene expression. At least two related regulatory factors (KBF1 and NF-kappa B) bind to this regulatory element. We have analyzed the binding of these factors in cellular extracts of 23 human tumor cell lines displaying various levels of class I mRNA and surface expression. In this panel, combined deficiency of KBF1- and NF-kappa B-like DNA-binding activities was frequent among the class I-negative cell lines and correlated with the absence of class I mRNA. A few cell lines that lack KBF1 binding activity still display NF-kappa B-like activity and express normal levels of MHC class I mRNA. These results suggest (i) that, in the absence of KBF1, NF-kappa B or a related factor promotes MHC class I gene transcription; and (ii) that a combined defect in KBF1/NF-kappa B DNA-binding activity can cause a pleiotropic defect in class I gene expression, which may facilitate tumor progression.
Natural myocardial ECM patch drives cardiac progenitor based restoration even after scarring (2016)

MI ('heart attack') remains the leading cause of heart failure and death in developed-countries. Restoration of cardiac function requires active turnover of damaged heart contracting cells (CM), however, CM endogenous regeneration is not efficient and is a matter of controversy. We show that a bioactive biomaterial alone-decellularized heart tissue (pcECM)-without added cells or growth factors, can elicit a complex regenerative response even after irreversible scarring. The pcECM patch induces macrophage polarization towards constructive remodeling and cardiomyocyte progenitor cell (GATA4(+), c-kit(+)) recruitment (evidenced at both mRNA and protein levels) resulting in de novo immature striated-like muscle patterns (MLC(+), TrpI(+), connexin43(+)). We, therefore, suggest this bioactive pcECM can model cardiac regeneration, and serve as a candidate for fast-track clinical application.
Biaxial stress evaluation in GeSn film epitaxially grown on Ge substrate by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy (2016)

Abstract GeSn is being paid much attention as a next-generation channel material. In this work, we performed the excitation of forbidden transverse optical (TO) phonons from strained GeSn, as well as longitudinal optical (LO) phonons, under the backscattering geometry from the (001) surface by oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy. Using the obtained LO/TO phonons, we derived the phonon deformation potentials (PDPs), which play an important role in the stress evaluation, of the strained Ge 1− x Sn x for the first time. The results suggest that PDPs are almost constant for the Ge 1− x Sn x ( x &lt; 0.032). Biaxial stress calculated using the derived PDPs reasonably indicated the isotropic states.