gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
5G-ALLSTAR: Beyond 5G Satellite-Terrestrial Multi-Connectivity (2022)

This paper presents a summary of the results of the 5G-ALLSTAR project. It describes the enablers that have been developed and validated and will help make 5G and beyond satellite-terrestrial multi-connectivity (MC) a reality in the near future. We proposed and evaluated solutions for critical aspects of the integration of non-terrestrial networks into a 5G and beyond terrestrial network. The OpenAirInterface implementation of the 5G physical layer (PHY) has been upgraded to meet the satellite radio channel constraints. We addressed the issue of co-tier interference between satellite and terrestrial systems. We designed and implemented customized 5G Physical layer, specifically adapted for terrestrial-satellite spectrum sharing. On top of the dedicated beam-forming and hardware design, we validated the full potential of MC by conceiving and testing our proposed resource allocation algorithms based on a custom multipath TCP protocol. The contribution of MC in vehicular use cases has been demonstrated onsite by implementing a terrestrial 5G PHY in conjunction with a satellite/terrestrial traffic controller. Finally, radio resource management solutions were examined. Thanks to these tools, the presence of industry partners in the consortium and to an active participation in standardization, the 5G-ALLSTAR project is an accelerator for the integration of non-terrestrial networks in 5G and beyond.
Loss of expression and aberrant methylation of the CDH13 (H-cadherin) gene in breast and lung carcinomas. (2001)

Expression of some members of the cadherin family is reduced in several human tumors, and CDH13 (H-cadherin), located on chromosome 16q24.2-3, may function as a tumor suppressor gene. In human tumors, loss of expression of many tumor suppressor genes occurs by aberrant promoter region methylation. We examined the methylation status of the CDH13 promoter in breast and lung cancers and correlated it with mRNA expression using methylation-specific PCR and reverse transcription-PCR. Methylation was frequent in primary breast tumors (18 of 55, 33%) and cell lines (7 of 20, 35%). In lung cancers, methylation was present more frequently in non-small cell lung cancer tumors (18 of 42, 43%) and cell lines (15 of 30, 50%) than in small cell lung cancer cell lines (6 of 30, 20%; P = 0.03). Only the methylated or unmethylated forms of the gene were present in most (73 of 80, 91%) tumor cell lines. CDH13 expression was present in 24 of 30 (80%) of nonmethylated tumor lines. All 18 methylated lines tested lacked expression irrespective of whether the unmethylated form was present, confirming biallelic inactivation in methylated lines. Gene expression was restored in all five methylated cell lines tested after treatment with the demethylating agent 5'-aza-2-deoxycytidine. Our results demonstrate frequent aberrant methylation of CDH13 in breast and lung cancers accompanied by loss of gene expression, although expression may occasionally be lost by other mechanisms.
The Role of Repulsion in Colloidal Crystal Engineering with DNA* (2020)

Hybridization interactions between DNA-functionalized nanoparticles (DNA-NP) can be used to program the crystallization behavior of superlattices, yielding access to complex three-dimensional structures with more than 30 different lattice symmetries. This chapter shows that the gap distance between adjacent DNA-NPs follows a simple power law dependence on solution ionic strength regardless of the type of attractive forces present. It proposes a mean-field model that provides a mathematical description for the observed trend. This model shows that the trend is due to the variation in the effective cross-sectional diameter of DNA duplex and the thickness of DNA shell. The chapter demonstrates that there is a power law relationship between the gap distance and the solution ionic strength. The free energy calculation of grafted polyelectrolyte brushes consists of three major components: the steric and electrostatic contributions of the polyelectrolytes, and the entropic contribution of the counterions and co-ions.
Editorial Special Section on COVID-19 Impact on Electrical Grid Operation: Analysis and Mitigation (2022)

COVID-19-related shutdowns have significantly impacted the electrical grid operation worldwide, as governments put strict measures in place to manage the global pandemic. The global electrical demand plummeted around the planet in March, April, and May 2020, with countries such as Spain and Italy experiencing more than 20&#x0025; decrease in their usual electric consumption. On the other hand, countries like Canada experienced unusually high summer peaks due to the increase in demand for the residential HVAC systems. Electricity network operators are facing unprecedented challenges in scheduling energy resources; for example, energy forecasting systems struggle to provide an accurate demand prediction given massive changes in patterns of electricity consumption induced by COVID-19 restrictions.
Purification of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 from Rabbit Skeletal Muscle.. Copurification with the Activating Factor (FA)of the (Mg-ATP) Dependent Protein Phosphatase. (1981)

Glycogen synthase kinase 3 was purified 80-100000-fold from extracts of rabbit skeletal muscle by a procedure involving fractionation with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on phosphocellulose and Affigel Blue, and affinity chromatography on (glycogen synthase)-Agarose. 0.08 mg of protein was isolated from 5000 g muscle corresponding to a yield of 8%. The preparations were estimated to be 50%pure, and the results suggest that glycogen synthase kinase 3 is a monomeric enzyme, Mr=54000 ± 3000. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylated three serine residues in glycogen synthase, all contained within nine amino acids in the same tryptic peptide. The rate of formation of the mono-, di- and triphosphorylated derivatives of the peptide showed that the three sites were not phosphorylated either randomly or in a simple sequential manner. The results could be fitted to a model in which either of two serine rersidues were phosphorylated initially, thephosphorylation of one of these residues being liked to an extremely rapid phosphorylation of the third serine. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 phosphorylated glycogen synthase much more effectively than all other proteins tested. Casein was phosphorylated at a very low rate and with a much higher Km. There was no significant phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase, phosphorylase kinase, protein phosphatase inhibitors 1 and 2, l-pyruvate kinase, acetyl-CoA vstnocylsdr, ATP-citrate lyase, and histones H1 and H2B. The enzyme was also unable to catalyse the inactivation of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA reductase. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 underwent an ‘autophosphorylaaaation’ reaction following incubation with Mg-ATP and up to 4 mol of phosphate could be incorporated per mol of enzyme. The activating factor (FA)of the (Mg-ATP)-dependent protein phosphatase was found to copurify with glycogen synthase kinase 3 throughout the isolation procedure.It also proved impossible to separate the two activities by chromatography on CCCM-Sephadex or hydroxyapatite, or by gel filtration on Sephadex g-100. The two activities had similar Km values for ATP and GTP. The results suggest that glycogen synthase kinase 3 and factor FA activities reside in the same protein. Neither the catalytic subunit of cyclic-AMP-dependent protein kinase nor pphosphorylase kinase were able to activate the (Mg-ATP)-dependent protein phosphatase. The implications of these findings for the regulation of glycogen metabolism, and the mechanism of activation of the (Mg-ATP)-dependent protein phosphatase are discussed.
Modern approaches to understanding stress and disease susceptibility: A review with special emphasis on respiratory disease (2009)

Studies in animals and humans link both physical and psychological stress with an increased incidence and severity of respiratory infections. For this manuscript we define stress as the physiological responses an individual undergoes while adjusting to a continually changing environment. It is known that stressors of various types (psychological/physical) can alter the physiological levels of certain hormones, chemokines and cytokines. These alterations send information to the central nervous system to take necessary action which then sends messages to appropriate organs/tissues/cells to respond. These messages can either activate or suppress the immune system as needed and failure to compensate for this by the body can lead to serious health-related problems. Little is known how stress affects disease susceptibility, yet understanding this mechanism is important for developing effective treatments, and for improving health and food quality. The current review focuses on (a) the effects of psychological stressors in humans and animals, (b) various methodologies employed to understand stress responses and their outcomes, and (c) the current status of the attempts to correlate stress and disease with respiratory disease as model system. The methodologies included in this review span traditional epidemiological, behavioral and immunological studies to current high throughput genomic, proteomic, metabolomic/metabonomic approaches. With the advent of various newer omics and bioinformatics methodologies we postulate that it will become feasible to understand the mechanisms through which stress can influence disease onset. Although the literature in this area is limited because of the infancy of this research area, the objective of this review is to illustrate the power of new approaches to address complex biological questions. These new approaches will also aid in our understanding how these processes are related to the dynamics and kinetics of changes in expression of multiple genes at various levels.
Puberty Is Delayed in Male Growth Hormone Receptor Gene—Disrupted Mice (2002)

The role of insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in the initiation of puberty and testicular function is poorly understood. Growth hormone (GH) receptor (R) gene-disrupted mice or GHR gene "knockouts" (GHR-KO) are GH resistant and IGF-I deficient. To assess whether the age of sexual maturation is affected by the absence of IGF-I, various parameters of sexual development including testicular and accessory reproductive organ weights, balanopreputial separation, germ cell development, and intratesticular testosterone levels were determined in normal and GHR-KO mice between the ages of 25 and 60 days. In addition, at 36 days of age, the testosterone response to luteinizing hormone (LH) treatment was assessed in these mice. The results indicate that the balanopreputial separation was delayed 5 days, and a significant increase in the weights of the seminal vesicles (SV) occurred later in GHR-KO mice than in normal animals (between 30 and 35 days and between 35 and 40 days, respectively). Also, the weights of testes and epididymii were significantly reduced in GHR-KO mice. The intratesticular testosterone levels and the testosterone response to LH treatment were attenuated in GHR gene-disrupted mice. Furthermore, elongated spermatids appeared later in the testes of GHR-KO mice than in the testes of normal mice. These results suggest that the absence of IGF-I secretion delays the normal course of sexual maturation in male GHR-KO mice, indicating that IGF-I plays an important role in the initiation of puberty in male mice.
Reduction of deviation of frequency characteristics of saw filters by mechanical polishing of zno film surface (1994)

Abstract It was found that the surface acoustic wave (SAW) amplitudes in SAW filters made of ZnO films vary from filter to filter even when the center frequencies are the same and the deviation of amplitudes must be reduced. It was found also that the frequency and amplitude characteristics could be improved by mirror polishing of the ZnO film surface. In an SAW filter with a ZnO/interdigital transducer (IDT)/glass substrate structure, periodic convex areas due to the thickness of the finger electrode of IDT and fine roughness were present on the device surface. As a result of investigating the influence of the surface structure on the amplitude deviation, it was found that the convex areas did not influence the electromechanical coupling coefficient; but they reduced the acoustic velocity of SAW. In addition, it was clarified that the convex areas due to the finger electrode and fine roughness on the ZnO surface caused deviations in the acoustic velocity of SAW and reflections of SAW, causing a deviation in the amplitude characteristics.
How reliable are the functional connectivity networks of MEG in resting states? (2011)

We investigated the reliability of nodal network metrics of functional connectivity (FC) networks of magnetoencephalography (MEG) covering the whole brain at the sensor level in the eyes-closed (EC) and eyes-open (EO) resting states. Mutual information (MI) was employed as a measure of FC between sensors in theta, alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands of MEG signals. MI matrices were assessed with three nodal network metrics, i.e., nodal degree (Dnodal), nodal efficiency (Enodal), and betweenness centrality (normBC). Intraclass correlation (ICC) values were calculated as a measure of reliability. We observed that the test-retest reliabilities of the resting states ranged from a poor to good level depending on the bands and metrics used for defining the nodal centrality. The dominant alpha-band FC network changes were the salient features of the state-related FC changes. The FC networks in the EO resting state showed greater reliability when assessed by Dnodal (maximum mean ICC = 0.655) and Enodal (maximum mean ICC = 0.604) metrics. The gamma-band FC network was less reliable than the theta, alpha, and beta networks across the nodal network metrics. However, the sensor-wise ICC values for the nodal centrality metrics were not uniformly distributed, that is, some sensors had high reliability. This study provides a sense of how the nodal centralities of the human resting state MEG are distributed at the sensor level and how reliable they are. It also provides a fundamental scientific background for continued examination of the resting state of human MEG.
Quasi-qwerty soft keyboard optimization (2010)

It has been well understood that optimized soft keyboard layouts improve motor movement efficiency over the standard Qwerty layouts, but have the drawback of long initial visual search time for novice users. To ease the initial searching time on optimized soft keyboards, we explored "Quasi-Qwerty optimization" so that the resulting layouts are close to Qwerty. Our results show that a middle ground between the optimized but new, and the familiar (Qwerty) but inefficient does exist. We show that by allowing letters to move at most one step (key) away from their original positions on Qwerty in an optimization process, one can achieve about half of what free optimization could gain in movement efficiency. An experiment shows that due to users' familiarity with Qwerty, a layout with quasi Qwerty optimization could significantly reduce novice user's visual search time to a level between those of Qwerty and a freely optimized layout. The results in this work provide designers with a new quantitative understanding of the soft keyboard design space.
Analytical solutions for the deformation of a photoresist film (2019)

Modern photoresists shrink during exposure and post-exposure bake processes. The shrinkage is of an elastic nature, occurring below the glass transition temperatures when material does not flow. This elasticity problem is usually modeled numerically using finite element method. Here this problem is solved analytically for a one-, two-, and three- dimensional distribution of displacements. Exact analytical solutions in the form of Fourier series by the lateral film coordinates were found. The film shape and lateral displacements after shrinking are found to be convolutions on the distribution of voids that are formed after evaporation of volatile chemicals. Convolution is a fast numerical algorithm easily incorporated into compact process models for optical proximity correction and applied to the full chip processing. Photoresist shrinking effects are analyzed using this apparatus for modern bright and dark tone processes.
Frequency discrimination training engaging a restricted skin surface results in an emergence of a cutaneous response zone in cortical area 3a (1992)

1. The responses of cortical neurons evoked by cutaneous stimulation were investigated in the hand representation of cortical area 3a in adult owl monkeys that had been trained in a tactile frequency discrimination task. Cortical representations of the hands in these experimental hemispheres were compared with those representing the opposite, untrained hand, as well as with those representing a passively stimulated hand in a second class of control monkeys. 2. A large cutaneous representation of the hairy and glabrous skin surfaces of the hand emerged in area 3a in each trained hemisphere. 3. With the emergence of cutaneous responses recorded for neurons at many area 3a locations, the normally recorded deep receptor inputs were no longer evident at most of these locations. 4. There was a greater territory of representation of the small area of skin that was stimulated in the behavioral task in trained monkeys, when compared with the representations of corresponding skin sites in the opposite hemisphere of the same monkeys, or to the representations of equivalent skin sites stimulated in passively stimulated control monkeys. 5. There was great variability in the receptive-field properties of neurons responsive to cutaneous inputs among trained monkeys. In most recording sites within the representations of the behaviorally engaged hands, the cutaneous receptive fields were large, extending over a significant part of the glabrous or hairy surfaces of the hand. However, in one monkey, very small, topographically ordered cutaneous receptive fields were recorded over a wide zone of area 3a. 6. The physiologically defined borders between areas 3a and 3b were in register with the cytoarchitectonically defined borders between these two cortical areas in trained and in control monkeys. 7. This study demonstrates that there is a reorganization of the cutaneous and "deep" representation of hand in cortical area 3a, with the main change being an emergence of a large cutaneous representation and the parallel disappearance of a large part of the normal deep representation in this field. These changes are discussed in light of the possible functional roles of cortical area 3a.
Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV (2019)

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $\sqrt{s}=$ 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum ($p_\mathrm{T}$) muon, at least one high-$p_\mathrm{T}$ jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb$^{-1}$. In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-$p_\mathrm{T}$ standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest $p_\mathrm{T}$ muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For a first benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 430 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses $M_\mathrm{LQ}\approx$ 1000 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for $M_\mathrm{LQ}\approx$ 1170 GeV. For a second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to around 480 GeV are excluded for $M_\mathrm{LQ}\approx$ 1100 GeV.
A multi-word password proposal (gridWord) and exploring questions about science in security research and usable security evaluation (2011)

Our agenda is two-fold. First, we introduce and give a technical description of gridWord, a novel knowledge-based authentication mechanism involving elements of both text and graphical passwords. It is intended to address a new research challenge arising from the evolution of Internet access devices, and which may arguably be viewed as motivating a new paradigm: remote access password schemes which accommodate users who alternately login from devices with, and without, full physical keyboards (e.g., users alternating between desktops with easy text input, and mobile devices with tiny or touch-screen virtual keyboards). While the core ideas behind gridWord are well-formed, and may be viewed as a new variation of old (text-based) ideas of building passwords from multiple words, many aspects including recommended parameterization and configuration details, preferred platforms, and primary targets of application remain to be explored in detail. We nonetheless solicit early feedback from the community for several reasons, related to our second agenda item: we use gridWord as a concrete target to focus exploration of a number of questions involving (a) the evaluation of usable security proposals, (b) the often conflicting objectives of various parties involved in the publication of academic research, and (c) the relationship between the design and publication of new security mechanisms and the pursuit of scientific knowledge through experimentation. We believe the second agenda item is important to pursue, given our observation that experts in usability and security have widely varying expectations, and lack consensus on what is important for the evaluation, comparison, and publication of usable security proposals.
Session 18 Crop physiology (1994)

Biologia plantarum, an international journal for experimental botany founded in 1959 by Professor Bohumil NÄmec. Covers all branches of experimental botany ranging from molecular biology and biotechnology to whole-plant and stand functioning.
Cloning and characterization of RECQL, a potential human homologue of the Escherichia coli DNA helicase RecQ. (1994)

A potential human DNA helicase, RECQL, was partially purified from HeLa cells, and a cDNA encoding this protein was subsequently cloned from a HeLa library. The RECQL cDNA contains a protein coding region of 1977 base pairs, and encodes a 659-amino-acid polypeptide with a predicted M(r) 72,000. This predicted protein sequence contains several domains that have extensive sequence identity with similar domains of the RecQ protein from Escherichia coli that has been shown to be an ATP-dependent DNA helicase. Overall amino acid sequence identity between the two proteins is 32%; overall sequence similarity is 57%. The similarities between the two sequences are particularly high in the seven consecutive domains characteristic of DNA and RNA helicases. Expression of the RECQL cDNA in reticulocyte lysates and in transiently transfected cells confirms the M(r) 72,000 of the protein; this protein reacted with antibodies raised against synthetic peptides comprising both the predicted amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences. These antibodies demonstrated that RECQL is located predominantly in the nucleus of human fibroblasts. Based on its sequence similarity to the E. coli RecQ protein, it is possible that the putative human helicase RECQL may play a role in the repair of DNA that is damaged by ultraviolet light or other mutagens.