gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COMPARATIVE EPIDEMIOLOGY OF TWO ROTAVIRUS SEROTYPES AND OTHER VIRAL AGENTS ASSOCIATED WITH PEDIATRIC GASTROENTERITIS (1979)

Human rotavirus (HRV) type 1 or 2, adenovirus, or non-cultivatable 27 nm virus-like particles were demonstrated by electron microscopy and/or rotavirus ELISA in fecal samples from 45.5% of 604 gastroenteritis inpatients, 25.0% of 200 gastroenteritis outpatients and 6.0% of 812 control subjects, all sampled at Children's Hospital National Medical Center. Washington, DC. Rotaviruses were the most common pathogens detected as 39% and 22% of gastroenteritis inpatients and outpatients, respectively, shed HRV. About three-fourths of the rotaviruses were type 2, which was prevalent during five successive epidemic years from January, 1974, through June, 1978. HRV type 1 was detected in the last four successive epidemic years and represented nearly half of the HRV infections observed among gastroenteritis inpatients during the year 1977--1978. Both rotavirus serotypes were detected most often in the month of January, when 71% of 123 gastroenteritis inpatients and 62% of 34 gastroenteritis outpatients shed one of these viruses. Uncultivatable adenoviruses were detected significantly more frequently in stools from patients with gastroenteritis (3.9%) than from control subjects (0.6%), suggesting that these viruses played a role in acute enteric disease. The frequency of detection of 27 nm particles was not significantly different in gastroenteritis and control patients. Numerically, HRV infection was detected most often in gastroenteritis inpatients who were 10 through 12 months of age. The group of gastroenteritis inpatients with the highest percentage of HRV infection was 13 through 15 months of age. The excess of type 2 HRV infection relative to type 1 infection was especially large in those aged 7 through 24 months. Lower socioeconomic status or greater crowding appeared to be associated with the occurrence of rotavirus infection earlier in life and earlier in the epidemic year.
Expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors and sensitivity to TRAIL‐induced apoptosis in primary B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells (2000)

Because tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐related apoptosis‐inducing ligand (TRAIL) (Apo2 ligand) preferentially kills malignant cells while sparing normal cells, it may be therapeutically useful against cancers, including those of haematopoietic origin. Although the activity of TRAIL has been studied in tumour cell lines and in a limited number of different primary tumours, its overall activity in a large number of uniform cases of primary tumours is not known. We therefore studied the activity of TRAIL in 29 primary precursor B‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) samples. TRAIL was found to have a modest activity as it killed a maximum of 29% of ALL cells within 18 h compared with killing 75% of Jurkat cells. The sensitivity to TRAIL did not correlate with the pattern of TRAIL receptor expression or FLIP expression, as determined by Western blot analysis. The CD40 receptor, which can transduce survival signals in mature malignant B cells, was less frequently expressed on ALL cells, but incubation with an exogenous soluble CD40 ligand trimer did not rescue them from spontaneous apoptosis and did not mediate their resistance to TRAIL. Further, although ALL cells expressed TRAIL protein, they failed to kill target Jurkat cells in a TRAIL‐dependent manner. Our data delineate major biological differences between mature and precursor malignant B cells and suggest a limited therapeutic role for TRAIL as a single agent in primary B‐cell ALL.
In Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Visualization of the Degradation of Melt-Crystallized Poly(sebacic anhydride) (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIn Situ Atomic Force Microscopy Visualization of the Degradation of Melt-Crystallized Poly(sebacic anhydride)K. M. Shakesheff, M. C. Davies, A. Domb, D. E. Jackson, C. J. Roberts, S. J. B. Tendler, and P. M. WilliamsCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 4, 1108–1114Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00108a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00108a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views148Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automating workflows for service provisioning: integrating AI and database technologies (2002)

Workflows are the structured activities that take place in information systems in typical business environments. These activities frequently involve several database systems, user interfaces, and application programs. Traditional database systems do not support workflows to any reasonable extent. Usually, human beings must intervene to ensure their proper execution. We have developed an architecture based on AI technology that automatically manages workflows. This architecture executes on top of a distributed computing environment. It has been applied to automating service provisioning workflows; an implementation that operates on one such workflow has been developed. This work advances the Camel Project's goal of developing technologies for integrating heterogeneous database systems. It is notable in its marriage of AI approaches with standard distributed database techniques.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Ferromagnetism in Transparent Thin Films of Fe-Doped Indium Tin Oxide (2006)

Transparent films of Fe-doped indium tin oxide (ITO) were grown at oxygen pressures of 5, 1, 10-1, 10-2, and 10-3 Pa on yttria-stabilized zirconia (001) substrates by a pulsed-laser deposition method. We observed X-ray diffraction peaks from (00h) planes of In2O3 crystalline phase for the films. The films grown at 5 and 1 Pa were paramagnetic and semiconducting, that at 10-1 Pa was ferromagnetic and semiconducting, and those at 10-2 and 10-3 Pa were ferromagnetic and metallic. The Fe-ITO films grown below 10-1 Pa exhibited room-temperature (RT) ferromagnetism. Nanoscale Fe clusters in the highest oxidation state such as γ-Fe2O3 resulted in the RT ferromagnetism.
Characterization of N-polar AlN in GaN/AlN/(Al,Ga)N heterostructures grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (2017)

In GaN/(Al,Ga)N high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMT), AlN interlayer between GaN channel and AlGaN barrier suppresses alloy scattering and significantly improves the electron mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas. While high concentrations of gallium were previously observed in Al-polar AlN interlayers grown by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, the N-polar AlN (AlxGa1−xN) films examined by atom probe tomography in this study exhibited aluminum compositions (x) equal to or higher than 95% over a wide range of growth conditions. The also investigated AlN interlayer in a N-polar GaN/AlN/AlGaN/ S.I. GaN HEMT structure possessed a similarly high x content.
IL-4 mediated-macrophage reprograming promotes ARDS resolution in the Aging Host (2022)

<b>Introduction:</b> Bacterial pneumonia (PNA) is the most common cause of ARDS across all ages. In the aging population, there is a marked increased in morbidity and mortality after PNA. Age-related dysregulation of alveolar and lung macrophages has been reported to contribute to an unremitting pro-inflammatory state. <b>Aim:</b> To determine if sustained aging-related lung pro-inflammatory macrophages can be reprogrammed and promote resolution of PNA in the aging host. <b>Methods:</b> Adult (24-week-old) and aged (80-weeks-old) C57BL6 male WT mice were used. An infectious PNA-ARDS model was used by intratracheal instillation (IT) of 1x10^6 CFU of live Streptococcus pneumoniae in both groups.&nbsp;Intraperitoneal administration of IL-4 complex was used as a rescue treatment on days 2, 3 and 4 after PNA. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), lung and spleen were collected at day 6 for cell count differential, protein quantification, and high dimensional flow cytometry. <b>Results:</b> In contrast to young, older mice displayed impaired resolution of PNA a defect that was restored by exogenous IL-4. BAL protein, BAL cells and lung total cell counts were lower in the young and old IL-4 treated mice.&nbsp;Immune phenotyping of the treated groups showed increased expression of M2 markers in interstitial macrophages such IL-10, MMR2 and Dectin-1 and lower M1 markers such as CD64 and CD86. <b>Conclusion:</b> Enhancing the polarization of aged macrophages towards an M2 pro-repair phenotype could represent a novel target for promoting lung injury resolution in the aging host.
MD Simulations of Layer-by-Layer Protein-Polyelectrolyte Self-Assembly (2004)

Abstract Layer-by-layer self-assembly of charged molecules is a versatile route to structured and robust ultra thin films which have a variety of applications. Starting with a simple coarse-grained model of charged polymers, we examine the adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes on a discretely charged spherical particle using Molecular Dynamics simulations. Effects of the chain degree of polymerization (N) and fraction of charged monomers (f) have been investigated. We observed overcharging and subsequent adsorption of the layers, although the layers were subject to competitive polyelectrolyte complexation. The adsorption process has been found to favor longer chains with larger charge fractions. Multilayering appears to be the non-equilibrium kinetically trapped state which after equilibration transforms into bilayer structure. Alternate adsorption of proteins and polyelectrolytes has been simulated and was found to exhibit similar layer structure with an increase in the mass of adsorbed chains. Details of the layer structure have been studied using density profiles. Thus, a simple electrostatic model is able to explain the layer-by-layer selfassembly. Layer-by-Layer Self Assembly Oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, proteins, nanoparticles etc. can be sequentially adsorbed onto charged surfaces. A rinsing step removes un-adsorbed layers and adsorption increases with added salt. The resulting layers are inter-mixed producing stable and robust surfaces. which have a variety of applications in nano-assembled materials, biosensors and bioreactors --
Synthesis and Characterization of SiC Nanocomposite Catalyst Supports with Self-Formed Nanowires (2014)

Nickel-loaded SiC-alumina structural catalysts containing nanowires were facilely fabricated via modified sol-gel process mediated by supercritical carbon dioxide, followed by thermal-treatment. The nanowires were formed by metal-catalyzed growth on the outer and inner parts of SiC-alumina nanocomposite beads containing more than 3 wt.% of the metal seed at a moderate temperature of 1,100 degrees C under nitrogen gas flow. Highly dispersed Ni active catalysts were deposited on the surface of the nanowires formed outer and inner parts of the bead catalyst supports through the catalyst pretreatment process in the supercritical carbon dioxide. As a result, a new Ni/SiC heterogeneous catalyst with an enhanced surface area was successfully prepared using the SiC-alumina catalyst supports with a nanowire structure.
A monolithic surface micromachined Z-axis gyroscope with digital output (2002)

A monolithic surface micromachined Z-axis vibratory rate gyroscope with an on-chip A/D converter is fabricated in a monolithic MEMS/circuits technology with 2 /spl mu/m CMOS and 2.25 /spl mu/m-thick mechanical polysilicon. The on-chip position sense circuit uses correlated double sampling to reject 1/f and kT/C noise and resolves 0.02 angstrom displacements. The gyroscope achieves a noise floor of 3/spl deg//sec//spl radic/Hz at atmospheric pressure and operates from a single 5 V supply.
Point-of-care cervical cancer screening using deep learning-based microholography (2019)

Most deaths (80%) from cervical cancer occur in regions lacking adequate screening infrastructures or ready access to them. In contrast, most developed countries now embrace human papillomavirus (HPV) analyses as standalone screening; this transition threatens to further widen the resource gap. <b>Methods:</b> We describe the development of a DNA-focused digital microholography platform for point-of-care HPV screening, with automated readouts driven by customized deep-learning algorithms. In the presence of high-risk HPV 16 or 18 DNA, microbeads were designed to bind the DNA targets and form microbead dimers. The resulting holographic signature of the microbeads was recorded and analyzed. <b>Results:</b> The HPV DNA assay showed excellent sensitivity (down to a single cell) and specificity (100% concordance) in detecting HPV 16 and 18 DNA from cell lines. Our deep learning approach was 120-folder faster than the traditional reconstruction method and completed the analysis in < 2 min using a single CPU. In a blinded clinical study using patient cervical brushings, we successfully benchmarked our platform's performance to an FDA-approved HPV assay. <b>Conclusions:</b> Reliable and decentralized HPV testing will facilitate cataloguing the high-risk HPV landscape in underserved populations, revealing HPV coverage gaps in existing vaccination strategies and informing future iterations.
Time-frequency analysis of cardiac rhythm to reveal patterns of adaptation to orthostatic challenge (2004)

Beat-to-beat changes in cardiac rhythm or heart rate variability (HRV), evoked by changes in the autonomic nervous system activity (ANSA), are complex and often remain unexposed by the traditional HRV analysis. In particular, this analysis does not reveal individual ANSA adjustments to changes in the body position during head-up tilt. Although tilt-related changes in the traditional HRV indices have been reported, the differences between successful and unsuccessful ANSA adaptation remain uncertain. To investigate HRV patterns in tilt-symptomatic and tilt-asymptomatic subjects, we used a time-frequency representation of the HRV signals. This representation, recently developed by the authors, is based on an orthogonal linear decomposition.
Carbohydrate-containing Triton X-100 analogues for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization (2013)

Membrane protein manipulation is a challenging task owing to limited tertiary and quaternary structural stability once the protein has been removed from a lipid bilayer. Such instability can be overcome by embedding membrane proteins in detergent micelles formed from amphiphiles with carefully tuned properties. This study introduces a class of easy-to-synthesize amphiphiles, which are designated CGT (Chae's Glyco-Triton) detergents. Some of the agents are well suited for membrane protein solubilization and stabilization.
Charge Transport Measured Using the EGaIn Junction through Self-Assembled Monolayers Immersed in Organic Liquids (2022)

This paper describes measurements of charge transport by tunneling through molecular junctions comprising a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) supported by a template-stripped metal bottom electrode (M<sup>TS</sup>), which has been immersed in an organic liquid and contacted by a conical Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/EGaIn top electrode. These junctions formed in organic liquids are robust; they show stabilities and yields similar to those formed in air. We formed junctions under seven external environments: (I) air, (II) perfluorocarbons, (III) linear hydrocarbons, (IV) cyclic hydrocarbons, (V) aromatic compounds, (VI) large, irregularly shaped hydrocarbons, and (VII) dimethyl siloxanes. Several different lengths of SAMs of <i>n</i>-alkanethiolates, S(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub><i>n</i>-1</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> with <i>n</i> = 4-18, and two different kinds of bottom electrodes (Ag<sup>TS</sup> or Au<sup>TS</sup>) are employed to assess the mechanism underlying the observed changes in tunneling currents. Measurements of current density through junctions immersed in perfluorocarbons (II) are comparable to junctions measured in air. Junctions immersed in other organic liquids show reductions in the values of current density, compared to the values in air, ranging from 1 (III) to 5 orders of magnitude (IV). We interpret the most plausible mechanism for these reductions in current densities to be an increase in the length of the tunneling pathway, reflecting the formation of thin (0.5-1.5 nm) liquid films at the interface between the SAM and the Ga<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>/EGaIn electrode. Remarkably, the thickness of the liquid film─estimated by the simplified Simmons model, measurements of electrical breakdown of the junction, and simulations of molecular dynamics─is consistent with the existing observations of structured liquid layers that form between two flat interfaces from measurements obtained by the surface force apparatus. These results suggest the use of the EGaIn junction and measurements of charge transport by tunneling as a new form of surface analysis, with the applications in the study of near-surface, weak, molecular interactions and the behavior of liquid films adjacent to non-polar interfaces.
Antimicrobial Peptides and Peptidomimetics - Potent Therapeutic Allies for Staphylococcal Infections (2015)

The pervasiveness of bacterial resistance to conventional antibiotics, particularly those associated with staphylococcal infections, has become a global epidemic. However, research involving antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and their synthetic analogues has unearthed a potentially novel class of antibacterials for the treatment of an array of diseases caused by pathogenic bacteria, such as staphylococci. AMPs have several unique advantages over traditional antibiotics such as the projected slow emergence of bacterial resistance to these agents and their capability to modulate the host immune response to infection. Unfortunately, their susceptibility to proteolytic degradation, loss of antimicrobial activity due to serum binding or physiological concentration of salts, and toxicity to host tissues has limited their use as systemic agents thus far. Additionally, the presence of economic and regulatory obstacles has hindered the translation of AMPs, as antimicrobials, from the bench to the clinic. The present review delves further into the benefits and challenges of utilizing AMPs as antibacterial agents (particularly for staphylococcal infections), the methods which have been utilized to overcome their limitations, their successes and failures in clinical trials, and future avenues for researchers to pursue to develop AMPs as novel therapeutic allies in the treatment of bacterial infections.
A 700&#x00B5;W 8-channel EEG/contact-impedance acquisition system for dry-electrodes (2012)

A 700μW 8-channel active-electrode (AE) based EEG monitoring system is presented. The complete system consists of 9 AEs and a back-end analog signal processor. It is capable of continuously recording EEG signals and electrode-tissue contact impedance (ETI). The EEG channels have 1.2GΩ input impedance, 1.75μVrms noise (0.5-100Hz), 84dB CMRR, and can reject ±250mV of electrode offset, while consuming less than <;87μW (including ETI measurement). The system facilitates ambulatory use and patient comfort, while delivering high quality EEG signals.
50: Increased Risk of Cervical Dysplasia in Long Term Survivors of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation – Implications for Screening and HPV Vaccination (2008)

Cervical, skin and head-neck cancer are most common secondary solid cancers in long-term survivors after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (allo-SCT). Although these cancers are linked to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, the relationship between HPV and cancers after allo-SCT is not defined. Furthermore, Pap smear screening after SCT is not practiced routinely. We carried out a cross-sectional study of 92 patients receiving allo-SCT for hematological malignancies, enrolled at a minimum of 3 years post-transplantation between 04/2005–06/2007 in an IRB-approved long-term evaluation protocol. Ninety (98%) patients are alive after a median follow-up of 77 months (range 38–167). Evaluation of the 38 female patients (median age at transplant 33, range 9–60 years) included annual gynecological examination. Thirty five received a fractionated total body irradiation (TBI) (12–13.6 Gy) based myeloablative SCT and 3 received a non-TBI non-myeloablative SCT. Acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) (grade II-IV) occurred in 9 (24%) patients and chronic GVHD in 34 (89%), extensive in 10 (26%). Six (16%) patients received immunosuppressive therapy (IST) for chronic GVHD beyond 3 years from SCT. Thirty-five (92%) adult patients had annual cervical smear examinations, 14 (40%) were abnormal. High grade dysplasia was seen in 8 (23%), low grade lesions in 4 (11%) and 2 patients had atypical cells of uncertain significance. Median time to an abnormal smear was 51 months (17–153) and median age of these 12 patients was 42 years (range 19–62). Extensive chronic GVHD requiring prolonged IST was the only factor associated with an increased risk of cervical dysplasia (p = 0.028). Our data shows that cervical dysplasia (often high grade) is common after allo-SCT. These patients may be at increased risk of developing invasive cervical cancer. Patients requiring prolonged immunosuppression for chronic GVHD treatment may be especially at risk for all forms of HPV-related malignancy. Aggressive screening and preventive strategies with HPV vaccine appear warranted.
Digital pre-emphasis based system design trade-offs for 64 Gbaud coherent data center interconnects (2017)

We report on the role of digital pre-emphasis in facilitating 64 Gbaud DP-64QAM coherent optical systems based on currently available commercial 32 Gbaud transceiver components. In particular, we vary the extent of digital pre-emphasis together with digital-to-analog converter bandwidth and resolution, and show the optical back-to-back performance and transmitter output power trade-offs. Our results suggest that with a minimum required DAC bandwidth and effective number of bits of 25 GHz and 6 bits, respectively (at 1 dB penalty w.r.t best performance), an optimized DPE strength bandwidth of 18 GHz allows for a TX output power of -16 dBm, with an associated maximum OSNR penalty of ~3 dB, w.r.t. the theoretical bound for 64 Gbaud DP-64QAM.