gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Substrate-based atom waveguide using guided two-color evanescent light fields (2000)

We propose a dipole-force linear waveguide which confines neutral atoms up to $\ensuremath{\lambda}/2$ above a microfabricated single-mode dielectric optical guide. The optical guide carries far blue-detuned light in the horizontally-polarized TE mode and far red-detuned light in the vertically-polarized TM mode, with both modes close to optical cut-off. A trapping minimum in the transverse plane is formed above the optical guide due to the differing evanescent decay lengths of the two modes. This design allows manufacture of mechanically stable atom-optical elements on a substrate. We calculate the full vector bound modes for an arbitrary guide shape using two-dimensional non-uniform finite elements in the frequency-domain, allowing us to optimize atom waveguide properties. We find that a rectangular optical guide of $0.8\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ by $0.2\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{m}$ carrying 6 mW of total laser power (detuning $\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}15\mathrm{nm}$ about the $D2$ line) gives a trap depth of $200\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{K}$ for cesium atoms ${(m}_{F}=0),$ transverse oscillation frequencies of ${f}_{x}=40\mathrm{kHz}$ and ${f}_{y}=160\mathrm{kHz},$ collection area $\ensuremath{\sim}1\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}$ and coherence time of 9 ms. We discuss the effects of non-zero ${m}_{F},$ the $D1$ line, surface interactions, heating rate, the substrate refractive index, and the limits on waveguide bending radius.
Gordonia iterans sp. nov., isolated from a patient with pneumonia (2014)

A second novel clinical actinobacterial strain, designated IFM 10348(T), was isolated from the sputum of the same Japanese patient with bacterial pneumonia from whom the type strain of Gordonia araii had been isolated. The strains differed in phylogenetic position and drug-resistance profiles. The taxonomic position of strain IFM 10348(T) was clarified by phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences clearly demonstrated that strain IFM 10348(T) occupied a distinct clade within the genus Gordonia and was related closely to Gordonia malaquae DSM 45064(T) and Gordonia hirsuta DSM 44140(T) (97.3 and 97.1% similarities, respectively). Strain IFM 10348(T) was also clearly differentiated from G. malaquae DSM 45064(T) and G. hirsuta DSM 44140(T) based on gyrB and secA1 gene sequence similarity values. Strain IFM 10348(T) had MK-9(H2) as the predominant menaquonine, contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose, galactose and glucosamine as cell-wall components, and contained C18:1ω9c, summed feature 3 (C16:1ω7c and/or C16:1ω6c) and C16:0 as the major cellular fatty acids. Mycolic acids were present. The DNA G+C content of strain IFM 10348(T) was 68.0 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness data coupled with the combination of genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain IFM 10348(T) represents a novel species of the genus Gordonia, for which the name Gordonia iterans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IFM 10348(T) ( = CCTCC M2011245(T) = NCCB 100436(T)).
A novel flow for reducing clock skew considering NBTI effect and process variations (2013)

Negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) has emerged as a major concern not only to the functional circuits, but also to the clock tree. Further aggravated by process variations, aging-induced reliability issue becomes more challenging when technology further scales. Development of effective solutions for reducing clock skew and compensating aging effect under process variations remains as a challenge. Taking the impact from NBTI and process variations into account, we propose a novel flow for reducing clock skew by selectively replacing standard-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> clock buffers with their high-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sub> counterparts. An extended “divide and conquer” algorithm is developed to identify the critical clock buffers for replacement. The area overhead of our proposed flow is negligible, and the power consumption is reduced as well. Simulation results show that the proposed flow can effectively reduce the clock skew by at least 20% by replacing only 1.08% clock buffers on average for 10 years of degradation, even under an extremely constrained condition. The efficiency of our flow will be higher when the clock tree structure has a higher depth, rendering it more favorable for large-scale industry designs.
Stimulus-locked transient phase dynamics, synchronization and desynchronization of two oscillators (2002)

Transient phase dynamics, synchronization and desynchronization which are stimulus-locked (i.e. tightly time-locked to a repetitively administered stimulus) are studied in two coupled phase oscillators in the presence of noise. The presented method makes it possible to detect such processes in numerical and experimental signals. The time resolution is enormous, since it is only restricted by the sampling rate. Stochastic stimulus locking of the phases or the n:m phase difference at a particular time t relative to stimulus onset is defined by the presence of one or more prominent peaks in the cross-trial distribution of the phases or the n:m phase difference at time t relative to stimulus onset in an ensemble of post-stimulus responses. Unlike the presented approach, both triggered averaging (where an ensemble of post-stimulus responses is simply averaged) and cross-trial cross correlation (CTCC) lead to severe misinterpretations: The oscillators' coupling may cause a transient anti-phase clustering of the post-stimulus responses. Triggered averaging cannot distinguish such a response decorrelation from a mean amplitude decrease of the single responses. CTCC not only depends on the oscillators' phase difference but also on their phases and, thus, inevitably displays "artificial" oscillations that are not related to synchronization or desynchronization.
Simultaneous Detection of Plant- and Fungus-Derived Genes Constitutively Expressed in Single Pseudoidium neolycopersici-Inoculated Type I Trichome Cells of Tomato Leaves via Multiplex RT-PCR and Nested PCR (2022)

Type I trichomes of tomato leaves (Solanum lycopersicum Mill. cv. Moneymaker), as outgrowths of the plant epidermis, are suitable for monitoring infection processes of powdery mildew species using a high-fidelity digital microscope (DM) without fungal staining. On the trichomes, tomato powdery mildew (Pseudoidium neolycopersici L. Kiss) isolate KTP-03 produced a maximum of four vigorously elongated hyphae per conidium, which stopped growth approximately 12 days after inoculation. Single trichome cells, invaded by fungal hyphae at various fungal infection stages during the 12-day period after the inoculation of single conidia, were cut at the bases and directly collected with small precision scissors (i.e., microscissors) held by the manipulator under a DM. Subsequently, suc-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (reverse transcription (RT)-PCR followed by nested (N)-PCR) was conducted to explore gene expression in the infected trichome. We selected intron-containing genes from tomatoes and powdery mildew fungi for the detection of constitutive gene transcripts, namely plasma membrane H+-ATPase (LHA2) and β-tubulin 2 (TUB2) genes. In suc-PCR, a single band from spliced mRNAs of both LHA2 and TUB2 genes were detected, suggesting that both genes were successfully transcribed in single KTP-03-infected trichomes. With combined primers for both LHA2 and TUB2 (multiplex RT-PCR/N-PCR), two bands were detected through the amplification of intron-spliced mRNAs of both genes. Therefore, our single-trichome cell PCR amplification method is effective for detecting the expression patterns of genes from both tomato and powdery mildew fungus. Combinations of digital microscopy, microscissors, and multiplex RT-PCR/N-PCR amplification techniques will be useful for simultaneously analysing the molecular interactions between plants and powdery mildew fungi at the level of single tomato leaf trichome cells. Also, this employed technique will be of benefit in other plant species and crops, possessing leaf trichome cells, to elucidate the molecular interactions between plants and pathogens.
Neutrophil Activation Monitored by Flow Cytometry: Stimulation by Phorbol Diester Is an All-or-None Event (1982)

The population dynamics of single-cell stimulation was analyzed by monitoring autofluorescence by flow cytometry. Stimulation of the respiratory burst in human neutrophils by 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) caused a decline in highly fluorescent cells (characteristic of resting neutrophils) and a corresponding increase in the number of weakly fluorescent cells (characteristic of activated neutrophils). Increasing concentrations of TPA caused increasing numbers of cells to shift from the highly fluorescent population to the weakly fluorescent population without the appearance of intermediate populations. Thus the neutrophil respiratory burst, a component of neutrophil cytotoxic response, is triggered in an all-or none fashion.
Synthesis of 1H-Indolyl-2-benzimidazoles and 1H-Indolyl-2-benzothiazoles (1995)

A convenient synthesis of regioisomeric lH-indolyl-2benzimidazoles and -2-benzothiawles by the direct conversion of indoleesters with the in situ generated organoaluminum reagents trimethylaluminum-1.2-diaminobenzene or trimethylaluminum-2aminothiophenol is reported.Recent interest has focused on biaryl indoles as anticancer agents, antiviral agents and inhibitors of cell signaling and signal transduction pathways.1 As part of our research directed toward the study of biologically interesting indole molecules we required a synthesis of regioisomeric lH-indolyl-2benzimidazoles and 1H-indolyl-2-benzothiazoles.A number of conventional methods for benzimidazole and benzothiazole formation have been repxted.2Many of these approaches were precluded for the synthesis of these compounds due to the reactivity of the indole nucleus.It is well documented the indole C-3 position is susceptible to electrophilic reactions, acylat~ons via acid chlorides and acid catalyzed carbonyl condensations.3The use of indolealdehydes is an ineffective mute for benzimidazoles with the indole nucleus.4Attempts to prepare the 3-indolyl-2-benzimidazole isomer from indole-3carboxaldehyde gave the desired biaryl as a minor product in low yield (22% yield).The disubstituted benzimidazole, 1-(3-indoly1methyl)-2-(3-indolyl)benzimidazole, was the major product (65%) ~~nthesized.4This paper describes a convenient method of synthesis and the characterization of new 1 Hindolyl-2-benzimidazoles and 1 H-indolyl-2-benzothiazoles starting with indoleesters.
ACS GCI: Past, Present, and Future (2010)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTACS GCI: Past, Present, and FutureDARYLE H. BUSCHView Author Information ACS GREEN CHEMISTRY INSTITUTE GOVERNING BOARDCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2010, 88, 22, 63Publication Date (Print):May 31, 2010Publication History Published online20 March 2011Published inissue 31 May 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v088n022.p063https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v088n022.p063newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Green chemistry Get e-Alerts
Development and evaluation of a certificate validation system in mobile environments (2006)

Abstract We have developed a public key certificate validation system considering the restrictions peculiar to the mobile environment, such as processing the speed and memory capacity of a cellular‐phone terminal, and the network transmission speed. In this paper we derive a theoretical formula showing the performance of a validity check of the public key certificate of the conventional system and of the proposed system, and compare and examine a theoretical value in a mobile environment. Moreover, we evaluate the actual measurement that uses the server and cellular‐phone terminal that we developed. We show that our proposed system based on the certificate validation server (CVS) system is better than the conventional system from the viewpoint of processing speed and transmission speed. Copyright © 2007 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
Quantum non-demolition measurement of photon-arrival using an atom-cavity system (2007)

A simple and efficient quantum non-demolition measurement (QND) scheme is proposed in which the arrival of a signal photon is detected without affecting the qubit state. The proposed QND scheme functions even if the ancillary photon is replaced with weak light composed of vacuum and one-photon states. Although the detection scheme is designed for entanglement sharing applications, it is also suitable for general purification of a single photon state.
Two-photon three-dimensional memory hierarchy (1993)

The computational power of current high-performance computers is increasingly limited by data storage and recall rates. In existing sequential-access electronic memories, a hierarchy of devices from cache memory to secondary storage provides a performance continuum, allowing a balanced system design. Here we discuss the use of 3-D volume storage based on two photon materials to bridge the gaps in the storage hierarchy of parallel-access memories.
Scaffold Simplification Strategy Leads to a Novel Generation of Dual Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Enterovirus-A71 Entry Inhibitors (2019)

Currently, there are only three FDA-approved drugs that inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry-fusion into host cells. The situation is even worse for enterovirus EV71 infection for which no antiviral therapies are available. We describe here the discovery of potent entry dual inhibitors of HIV and EV71. These compounds contain in their structure three or four tryptophan (Trp) residues linked to a central scaffold. Critical for anti-HIV/EV71 activity is the presence of extra phenyl rings, bearing one or two carboxylates, at the C2 position of the indole ring of each Trp residue. The most potent derivatives, <b>22</b> and <b>30</b>, inhibit early steps of the replicative cycles of HIV-1 and EV-A71 by interacting with their respective viral surfaces (glycoprotein gp120 of HIV and the fivefold axis of the EV-A71 capsid). The high potency, low toxicity, facile chemical synthesis, and great opportunities for chemical optimization make them useful prototypes for future medicinal chemistry studies.
High Internal Quantum Efficiency Ultraviolet Emission from Phase-Transition Cubic GaN Integrated on Nanopatterned Si(100) (2018)

Ultraviolet emission characteristics of cubic (c-) GaN enabled through hexagonal-to-cubic phase transition are reported. Substrate patterning and material growth are shown to affect phase purity and emission characteristics of c-GaN as studied by electron backscatter diffraction, and photo- and cathodoluminescence, respectively. Raman study shows a tensile strain in the c-GaN. Time-resolved photoluminescence reveals c-GaN band edge emission decay time of 11 ps. The ultraviolet emissions from both phases of GaN are linearly polarized in the same direction, which is along the ⟨112̅0⟩ and ⟨110⟩ directions of hexagonal GaN and c-GaN, respectively. Temperature-dependent (5.7 to 280 K) cathodoluminescence studies reveal an internal quantum efficiency of ~29% at room temperature along with intrinsic and extrinsic defect energy levels of ~124 and ~344 meV, respectively, of the phase-transition c-GaN. Using the IQE value and carrier decay lifetime, a radiative lifetime of 38 ps is extracted. Overall, photonic properties of phase-transition c-GaN and their dependence on substrate patterning and material growth are reported.
A 90Gb/s 2:1 multiplexer IC in InP-based HEMT technology (2003)

A 90Gb/s 2:1 multiplexer IC uses 0.13/spl mu/m-gate InP-based HEMT technology. Parallel 2-ch input data are serialized. The differential outputs are 0.7V/sub pp/. The 1.9/spl times/1.8mm/sup 2/ die consumes 1.3W from a -5.2V supply.
Efficient Isomer‐Pure Synthesis of a Benzo[b]thiophene Analogue of Pentacene. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Orientation-Independent Chinese Text Recognition in Scene Images (2023)

Scene text recognition (STR) has attracted much attention due to its broad applications. The previous works pay more attention to dealing with the recognition of Latin text images with complex backgrounds by introducing language models or other auxiliary networks. Different from Latin texts, many vertical Chinese texts exist in natural scenes, which brings difficulties to current state-of-the-art STR methods. In this paper, we take the first attempt to extract orientation-independent visual features by disentangling content and orientation information of text images, thus recognizing both horizontal and vertical texts robustly in natural scenes. Specifically, we introduce a Character Image Reconstruction Network (CIRN) to recover corresponding printed character images with disentangled content and orientation information. We conduct experiments on a scene dataset for benchmarking Chinese text recognition, and the results demonstrate that the proposed method can indeed improve performance through disentangling content and orientation information. To further validate the effectiveness of our method, we additionally collect a Vertical Chinese Text Recognition (VCTR) dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method achieves 45.63\% improvement on VCTR when introducing CIRN to the baseline model.
ChemInform Abstract: Gutknecht Pyrazine Synthesis (2012)

Abstract Review: 52 refs.
Quantum-Confined Stark Effect in Ge/SiGe Quantum Wells on Si Substrate for Modulators (2011)

We investigate the growth and optical characterization of Ge/SiGe quantum wells on silicon substrate to exploit its strong quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) for electroabsorption modulator in long wavelength regime. Further, we design and fabricate devices based on this approach and investigate the high-speed modulation performance of the device.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Structure—Activity Relationship Studies of ATP Analogues as DNA Gyrase Inhibitors. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A genome-wide association study in Europeans and South Asians identifies five new loci for coronary artery disease (2011)

Genome-wide association studies have identified 11 common variants convincingly associated with coronary artery disease (CAD)¹⁻⁷, a modest number considering the apparent heritability of CAD⁸. All of these variants have been discovered in European populations. We report a meta-analysis of four large genome-wide association studies of CAD, with ∼575,000 genotyped SNPs in a discovery dataset comprising 15,420 individuals with CAD (cases) (8,424 Europeans and 6,996 South Asians) and 15,062 controls. There was little evidence for ancestry-specific associations, supporting the use of combined analyses. Replication in an independent sample of 21,408 cases and 19,185 controls identified five loci newly associated with CAD (P &lt; 5 × 10⁻⁸ in the combined discovery and replication analysis): LIPA on 10q23, PDGFD on 11q22, ADAMTS7-MORF4L1 on 15q25, a gene rich locus on 7q22 and KIAA1462 on 10p11. The CAD-associated SNP in the PDGFD locus showed tissue-specific cis expression quantitative trait locus effects. These findings implicate new pathways for CAD susceptibility.
Rechargeable Alkaline Metal Batteries with Mixed Amide Electrolytes (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Evaluation of response to hormonal therapy in prepubertal gilts of different genetic lines. (1995)

Research was conducted to determine the effect of genetic line on hormonally induced puberty. Two studies were conducted, the first to evaluate estrus response (n = 120 gilts) and the second to evaluate follicular development (n = 24 gilts). Gilts were allotted to treatments in a 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. Gilts from two genetic lines (Age at Puberty x Yorkshire [APY] and Relaxed Selection x Yorkshire [RSY] received either P.G. 600 [symbol: see text] (P) or no injection (C). The percentage in estrus within 5 d after treatment was greater (P < .05) for P than for C gilts. However, no difference was detected for the percentage of P or C gilts that had ovulated within 14 d. For the APY line, P gilts had greater (P < .05) ovulation rates than C gilts. However, for the RSY line, P and C gilts did not differ in ovulation rate. More P gilts than C gilts had follicular cysts (P < .05). At 48 h after onset of estrus, plasma progesterone concentration tended to be greater (P = .13) for P gilts than for C gilts. In Exp. 2, gilts were ovariectomized 18 h after the onset of estrus. Ova were dissected from follicles on one ovary, and follicular fluid was aspirated from the other ovary. No differences were detected for the percentages of ova in various stages of meiosis. For APY gilts, follicular fluid estradiol concentration for P gilts tended to be lower (P = .12) than that for C gilts; however, no differences were detected for RSY gilts. Progesterone concentration in follicular fluid tended (P = .14) to be greater in P gilts than in C gilts. These results indicate that the effect of genetic line on age at puberty should be considered when inducing puberty.