gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A closed form expression for an efficient class of quadrature mirror filters and its FIR approximation (1996)

We find a simple closed form expression for an efficient class of Quadrature Mirror Filters (QMF's) by exploiting the inherent symmetry of the QMF property. We derive a simple rule of thumb to calculate the maximum feasible frequency selectivity of the filter for a given number N of filter taps. We show that, for even n, the frequency selectivity of a 2n+1 or 2n tap filter can be increased if and only if the number of taps is increased by at least 4. Most existing QMF's closely match the derived analytical expression as well as verify the results on frequency selectivity. We obtain FIR implementations of the aforementioned analytical expression by using the Remez allocation algorithm. We choose weighting functions that confine the error to the intersection of the transition band and the stop band of the filter, as well as force the magnitude of the passband ripple to be much lower than that of the stopband ripple. We make such a choice in order to optimally satisfy the power complementarity condition as well as to attain high stop band attenuation. Our implementations match existing designs in performance.
High-output LED-based light engine for profile lighting fixtures with high color uniformity using freeform reflectors (2016)

In the stage lighting and entertainment market, light engines (LEs) for lighting fixtures are often based on high-intensity discharge (HID) bulbs. Switching to LED-based light engines gives possibilities for fast switching, additive color mixing, a longer lifetime, and potentially, more energy-efficient systems. The lumen output of a single LED is still not sufficient to replace an HID source in high-output profile fixtures, but combining multiple LEDs can create an LE with a similar output, but with added complexity. This paper presents the results of modeling and testing such a light engine. Custom ray-tracing software was used to design a high-output red, green and blue LED-based light engine with twelve CBT-90 LEDs using a dual-reflector principle. The simulated optical system efficiency was 0.626 with a perfect (R=1) reflector coating for light delivered on a target surface through the entire optical system. A profile lighting fixture prototype was created, and provided an output of 6744 lumen and an efficiency of 0.412. The lower efficiency was mainly due to a non-optimal reflector coating, and the optimized design is expected to reach a significantly higher efficiency.
Low-Temperature Thin-Film Deposition and Crystallization (2002)

Crystalline oxide films are important components in a wide array of electronic and optical devices, and their study and manufacture involve major aspects of current science and technology. A plethora of methods, such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition, pulsed laser deposition, and sol-gel, are
A compact polyhedron dipole antenna for multi-band mobile communication (2015)

In this paper, we present a new compact antenna with multi-band characteristics for mobile communication. The antenna structure has a polyhedron shape as a 3D geometry. It is a modified dipole structure to have cooperatively coupled resonant current paths printed on both the sides of an FR-4 substrate. The basic design is carried out by 3D electromagnetic simulating software and the multi-band antenna performance is verified by the fabrication and measurement.
ICU-Based Renal Replacement Therapy (2021)

1 Department of Intensive Care, Austin Hospital, Heidelberg, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 2 Centre for Integrated Critical Care, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. 3 Chair of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. 4 International Renal Research Institute of Vicenza (IRRIV), Vicenza, Italy. 5 Department of Nephrology, San Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy. 6 Department of Critical Care Medicine, Center for Critical Care Nephrology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. Dr. Bellomo has received grants and consultancy and speaking fees from BBraun and Baxter. Dr. Ronco has received consultancy and speaking fees from ASAHI, Astute, Biomerieux, B.Braun, Baxter, FMC, Toray, GE, OCD, Jafron, and Medtronic. Dr. Kellum has received grant support and/or consulting fees from AM Pharma, Astellas, Astute Medical, Atox Bio, Baxter, bioMerieux, NxStage, and Potrero. Dr. Kellum's institution received funding from Baxter, and he received funding from Baxter and NxStage. Dr. Baldwin has disclosed that he does not have any potential conflicts of interest. For information regarding this article, E-mail: [email protected]
ST2 and IL-33 in Pregnancy and Pre-Eclampsia (2011)

Normal pregnancy is associated with a mild systemic inflammatory response and an immune bias towards type 2 cytokine production, whereas pre-eclampsia is characterized by a more intense inflammatory response, associated with endothelial dysfunction and a type 1 cytokine dominance. Interleukin (IL)-33 is a newly described member of the IL-1 family, which binds its receptor ST2L to induce type 2 cytokines. A soluble variant of ST2 (sST2) acts as a decoy receptor to regulate the activity of IL-33. In this study circulating IL-33 and sST2 were measured in each trimester of normal pregnancy and in women with pre-eclampsia. While IL-33 did not change throughout normal pregnancy, or between non-pregnant, normal pregnant or pre-eclamptic women, sST2 was significantly altered. sST2 was increased in the third trimester of normal pregnancy (p<0.001) and was further increased in pre-eclampsia (p<0.001). This increase was seen prior to the onset of disease (p<0.01). Pre-eclampsia is a disease caused by placental derived factors, and we show that IL-33 and ST2 can be detected in lysates from both normal and pre-eclampsia placentas. ST2, but not IL-33, was identified on the syncytiotrophoblast layer, whereas IL-33 was expressed on perivascular tissue. In an in vitro placental perfusion model, sST2 was secreted by the placenta into the 'maternal' eluate, and placental explants treated with pro-inflammatory cytokines or subjected to hypoxia/reperfusion injury release more sST2, suggesting the origin of at least some of the increased amounts of circulating sST2 in pre-eclamptic women is the placenta. These results suggest that sST2 may play a significant role in pregnancies complicated by pre-eclampsia and increased sST2 could contribute to the type 1 bias seen in this disorder.
Time-frequency based distance and divergence measures (2002)

A study of the phase and amplitude sensitivity of the Renyi (1961) time-frequency information measure leads to the introduction of a new "Jensen-like" divergence measure. While this quantity promises to be a useful indicator of the distance between two time-frequency distributions, it is limited to the analysis of positive definite TFDs. In spite of this rather severe limitation, this measure could prove useful for time-frequency based detection. We illustrate this with an example of detecting a signal in additive noise.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Catalytic enantioselective reductive desymmetrisation of achiral and meso compounds (2013)

Herein an overview of reductive catalytic enantioselective desymmetrisation of achiral or meso compounds is provided. The most efficient reductive desymmetrisations described in the literature, which involve the reduction of C=O, C=N, C=C and C-halogen bonds, or reductive ring-opening, are summarised. The structural diversity of the valuable highly enantioenriched intermediates prepared by reductive desymmetrisation is highlighted.
A study on the filtration efficiency and regeneration capacity of the gasoline particulate filter (2020)

Gasoline particulate filters (GPF) are becoming a standard technology in gasoline engines because of the need for compliance with particulate matter (PM) emissions requirement. Generally, GPFs can be placed after a three-way catalysts (TWC) in the same can, or in a separate can downstream. As typical wall-flow filters, particulate matter is removed from the exhaust by physical filtration using a honeycomb structure similar to an emissions catalyst substrate but with the channels blocked at alternate ends. The goal of work was to the study the filtration efficiency and regeneration capacity of the GPF. Laboratory emission tests were carried out for one 2.0L gasoline turbo direct injection (GTDI) prototype vehicle according to the new World Harmonized Light Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC). The data showed that the vehicle has a reliable and high GPF filtration efficiency to intercept the particulate pollution from the exhaust. Meanwhile, five 2.0L GTDI prototype cars from respective China stage 6 platforms were used for further study of soot accumulation and regeneration capacity. The results, in terms of modeled emissions in tests under real driving conditions of China cities (Nanjing and Hainan), showed that the heavy traffic road conditions lead to a low probability of soot regeneration. However, the GPF regeneration capacity of the test convoy was still adequate. In addition, the drive cycle exhibiting good road conditions with more aggressive driving behaviors offered a better regeneration environment due to the elevated GPF temperature and more frequent occurrence of deceleration fuel shut off (DFSO) creating an environment of excess oxygen content.
The Coordinated Operation of Vertically Structured Power Systems for Electric Vehicle Charge Scheduling (2021)

Charge scheduling can mitigate against issues arising from excessive electric vehicle (EV) charging loads and is commonly implemented using time-of-use pricing. A charge scheduling strategy to suit vertically structured power systems without relying on time-of-use pricing has not yet been reported, despite being needed by industry. Therefore, a novel charge scheduling strategy to meet this need is proposed in this paper. Key aspects include the provision of a decision-making framework that accommodates for the considerations of transmission and distribution network operators, and the allowance for dynamically changing charging loads through timely forecast updates with reduced communication requirements. A case study based on the Indonesian Java-Bali power system is undertaken to demonstrate the strategy’s effectiveness. Different and realistic EV uptake scenarios are considered, using probabilistic modeling, survey work, and a Monte Carlo modeling approach. Even under slow EV charging conditions case study results show assets are overloaded and high electricity production costs are incurred. These are alleviated through adopting the proposed strategy.
Chondrogenic Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in PLGA (Poly(Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Scaffold (2007)

Human adipose tissue contain a population of pluripotent stem cells capable of differentiating along multiple mesenchymal cell lineages. The goal of this study was to examine the chondrogenic potential of adipose-derived stem (ADS) cells. ADS cells were isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue obtained by lipectomy and liposuction, and were expanded and grown in vitro with or without chondrogenic medium in micromass culture condition and 3D culture condition in PLGA(poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)) scaffold. Human ADS cells of micromass culture condition and 3D culture condition in PLGA scaffolds, were differentiated with chondrogenic medium consisted of transforming growth factor-β1, insulin-transferrin-selenium, dexamethasone and ascorbate-2-phosphate. ADS cells abundantly synthesized cartilage matrix molecules including collagen type II, VI and link protein. ADS cells under high-density micromass culture condition with chondrogenic medium formed well defined nodules within 48 hours of induction. On the 3rd week after chondrogenic differentiation of ADS cells under the micromass culture condition and 3D culture condition of PLGA scaffold, mRNA of type II collagen, type VI collagen and link protein were expressed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). On the 3weeks, content of glycosaminoglycan in cells treated with chondrogenic medium was greater than that with non chondrogenic medium(control).On the 3rd week culture under the chondrogenic medium, hematoxylin &amp; eosin (H &amp; E) staining, alcian blue staining and type II collagen immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed the chondrogenic differentiation in micromass and 3D cultured specimen. These findings document the ability of ADS cells to produce characteristic cartilage matrix molecules, and provide the possibility of cartilage regeneration for cartilage substitution.
Phenomapping in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: insights, limitations, and future directions (2022)

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a heterogeneous entity with complex pathophysiology and manifestations. Phenomapping is the process of applying statistical learning techniques to patient data to identify distinct subgroups based on patterns in the data. Phenomapping has emerged as a technique with potential to improve the understanding of different HFpEF phenotypes. Phenomapping efforts have been increasing in HFpEF over the past several years using a variety of data sources, clinical variables, and statistical techniques. This review summarizes methodologies and key takeaways from these studies, including consistent discriminating factors and conserved HFpEF phenotypes. We argue that phenomapping results to date have had limited implications for clinical care and clinical trials, given that the phenotypes, as currently described, are not reliably identified in each study population and may have significant overlap. We review the inherent limitations of aggregating and utilizing phenomapping results. Lastly, we discuss potential future directions, including using phenomapping to optimize the likelihood of clinical trial success or to drive discovery in mechanisms of the disease process of HFpEF.
Ordering Transition in Salt-Doped Diblock Copolymers (2016)

Lithium salt-doped block copolymers offer promise for applications as solid electrolytes in lithium ion batteries. Control of the conductivity and mechanical properties of these materials, for membrane applications relies critically on the ability to predict and manipulate their microphase separation temperature. Past attempts to predict the so-called "order-disorder transition temperature" of copolymer electrolytes have relied on approximate treatments of electrostatic interactions. In this work, we introduce a coarse-grained simulation model that treats Coulomb interactions explicitly, and we use it to investigate the ordering transition of charged block copolymers. The order-disorder transition temperature is determined from the ordering free energy, which we calculate with a high level of precision using a density-of-states approach. Our calculations allow us to discern a delicate competition between two physical effects: ion association, which raises the transition temperature, and solvent dilution, which lowers the transition temperature. Lastly, in the intermediate salt concentration regime, our results predict that the order-disorder transition temperature increases with salt content, in agreement with available experimental data.
Origin of defects in CdS films associated with degradation of Cu/sub 2/S/CdS solar cells (1984)

Growth defects in CdS films which can result in shunts in Cu/sub 2/S/CdS solar cells, were found to originate on flaws in the substrate material and on foreign materials adhering to the substrate. The primary source of these foreign materials have been identified as insulation used in the CdS evaporator, fibers from the CdS source powder, and particulates present in the deionized water used in substrate cleaning. These results illustrate that the problems which must be addressed in order to produce a reliable Cu/sub 2/S/CdS solar cell are neither fundamental nor particularly exotic.
New Routes to Organofluorine Compounds Based on Ketenes and the Radical Transfer of Xanthates (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Holographic see-through display for image combination (1991)

We developed a holographic see-through display enabling the user to see documents through the display plane. People working at personal computers must often take their eyes away from the display to refer to documents. Too much switching back and forth tires the person and is inefficient. In the system we have developed, an image created by a small virtual display is enlarged and projected on a reflection hologram by lenses. Light, having a wavelength width of ~30 nm, is reflected toward the eyes of the person using the display. Documents are illuminated by ambient light and can be seen through the hologram. Therefore, the enlarged virtual image is superimposed on any documents put behind the reflection hologram. Our implementation differs from a conventional HUD in that the image is displayed on a reflection hologram located at the distance of distinct vision. The large thin screen displays a bright image, free of chromatic aberration, created by projection lenses. The screen has a controllable viewing area.
Improved efficiency piezoelectric ceramic/polymer composite transducers (2003)

Conventional piezoelectric ceramic/polymer 1-3 composite transducers comprise ceramic pillars embedded in a solid polymer matrix. In the new design described, an additional phase in the form of aligned vertical compressible inclusions in present. These inclusions, which typically take the form of gas filled holes, permit improved electromechanical efficiency and unformity of thickness dilation. The design has applications in both the active pulse-echo mode and the passive low frequency receiver mode. Finite element analysis is employed to obtain theoretical results. These findings are supported by a limited number of experimental results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Growth inhibition and activation of apoptotic gene expression by human chorionic gonadotropin in human breast epithelial cells. (1999)

The glycoprotein hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) inhibits mammary tumorigenesis through induction of differentiation, and inhibits the proliferation of human breast epithelial cells (HBEC) in vitro. The present study was designed to determine whether the inhibitory effects of hCG was associated with the modulation of apoptotic gene expression. MCF-10F, a normal immortalized HBEC, BP1-E, a benzo(a)pyrene (BP) transformed cell line, and the urothelial cell line T24, were treated with 100 IU/ml of a commercially available preparation of hCG. Cell growth analysis and RNA extraction for determination of apoptotic gene expression were performed at 24 and 120 hrs of hCG treatment. Both hCG-treated and control cells grew at similar rates for the first 24 hours. A significant reduction in the number of viable MCF-10F and BP1-E cells occurred by 120 hours of treatment, whereas the number of both hCG treated and control T24 cells were similar. Northern blot analysis revealed that the 24 hour-hCG treatment induced an elevation in the expression of the apoptotic genes TRPM2, ICE, TGF-beta, p53, bax, and p21WAF1/CIP1 in MCF-10F cells. By 120 hours of treatment MCF-10F cells maintained the same level of gene expression observed at 24 hours, except for a reduction in c-myc and bax. Control cells exhibited an elevation in the expression of TRPM2, TGF-beta, p53, bax, and p21WAF1/CIP1, whose levels became similar to those observed in hCG-treated cells. The 24 hour-treated BP1-E cells showed activation of ICE, bax and p21WAF1/CIP1. However, TRPM2 expression was moderately activated. By 120 hours TRPM2, ICE, TGF-beta, c-myc and p21WAF1/CIP1 were elevated in both treated and control cells except bax which was slightly down-regulated. The levels of bc12 were significantly decreased by hCG treatment. Gene expression was not modified by hCG treatment in T24 cells. Our findings suggest that hCG induced an acceleration in the expression of apoptotic genes, which became evident before detection of cell growth inhibition. Gene activation differed among immortalized, and chemically transformed cells, suggesting that hCG might utilize both p53 dependent and p53 independent pathways for inhibiting cell cycle progression. The importance of these findings lies in the potential use of agents like hCG for the chemoprevention and chemotherapy of breast cancer.
Lack of induction of neuroretinal cell proliferation by Rous sarcoma virus variants that carry the c-src gene. (1985)

Expression of p60v-src of Rous sarcoma virus in cultured chicken embryo neuroretinal cells was previously shown to result in the transformation and sustained proliferation of normally quiescent cell populations. We show here that Rous sarcoma virus variants that encode p60c-src, the cellular homolog of p60v-src, lack the ability to induce morphological transformation and cell proliferation of cultured neuroretinal cells. Neuroretinal cells infected with c-src-containing viruses, however, possess no less p60 protein kinase activity assayed in the immune complex than those infected with the transformation-defective Rous sarcoma virus mutants PA101 or PA104, which do stimulate the growth of these cells.
More Notes from the Unification Underground: A Second Compilation of Papers on Unification-Based Formalisms (1985)

Abstract : This report is the second compilation of papers by members of the PATR group at SRI International and collaborators reporting on ongoing research on both practical and theoretical issues concerning grammar formalisms. The current formalism being simultaneously designed, implemented, and used by the group, PATR-II, is based on unification of directed-graph structures. The papers presented in this compilation describe techniques for efficiently implementing formalisms that make use of such a concept of unification. The first two chapters are devoted to the problem of representing directed graphs as data structures such that unification is efficiently implementable. The final chapter describes a general technique for extending context-free parsing methods to unification-based formalisms. The techniques described in these papers have all been implemented and tested. All three chapters are versions of papers presented at the Twenty-Third Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics, held at the University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, during July 8 through 12, 1985, and appear in the proceedings of that conference. Research on PATR-II was begun as part of the KLAUS (Knowledge Learning And Using System) project at SRI, and was set up with the intention of experimenting with mathematically well-defined alternatives to the DIALOGIC natural-language processing system. The more theoretical research was made possible in part by a gift from the System Development Foundation and was conducted as part of a coordinated research effort with the Situated Language program at the Center for the Study of Language and Information, Stanford University.
Volumetric image distortion due to refractive index mismatch in 3D confocal scanning laser microscopy (2002)

In the application of 3D-volume reconstruction from 2D image slices acquired by a confocal scanning laser microscope errors arise due to refractive index mismatch. This paper presents a brief theoretical analysis of this error that can lead to miscalculating a specimen's 3D geometry. A comparison between the error analysis and experimental measurements is also provided.