gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigation of retinal microstructure in healthy eyes and dry age-related macular degeneration using a combined AO-OCT-SLO system (2017)

Combined adaptive optics (AO) optical coherence tomography (OCT) scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) imaging allows simultaneous en face and cross sectional views of the retina. We describe improvements to our AO-OCT-SLO system and highlight its resolution capability and clinical utility by presenting results from 3 control and 4 dry agerelated macular degeneration (AMD) subjects. From a group of subjects with healthy eyes, OCT A-scans were grouped as originating from cones or rods and were averaged. The resulting reflectance profiles were then used to identify the location of cone and rod segments. Results for rods and cones were compared, with the focus on inner segment (IS) and outer segment (OS) structures and where these cells embed into the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). In the AMD patients, cone IS and OS lengths were measured over and around drusen for two retinal regions (fovea–2&deg; and 2&deg;–4&deg;), and those results were correlated to drusen height. For the fovea–2&deg; region, the drusen height that caused statistically significant shortening of cone ISL and OSL compared to the unaffected adjacent area were 40 &mu;m and 50 &mu;m respectively (p = 0.009, and p &lt; 0.001, respectively). For the 2&deg;–4&deg; region, the equivalent drusen heights that caused significant shortening of segment length were 60 &mu;m for IS (p = 0.017) and 80 &mu;m for OS (p &lt; 0.001)
Robust Gene Expression Signature from Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded Samples Predicts Prognosis of Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients (2011)

We conclude that genome-wide profiling of FFPE lung cancer samples can identify a set of genes whose expression level provides prognostic information across different platforms and studies, which will allow its application in clinical settings.
Research highlights: microfluidically-fabricated materials (2015)

Polymer particles with precise shapes or chemistries are finding unique uses in a variety of applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, barcoding, and diagnostic imaging. Microfluidic systems have been and are continuing to play a large role in enabling the precision synthesis of designer particles in a uniform manner. To expand the impact of these microfluidic-fabricated materials additional fundamental capabilities should still be developed. The capability to fabricate microparticles with complex three-dimensional shapes and increase the production rate of particles to an industrial scale will allow evaluation of shaped particles in a range of new applications to enhance biological, magnetic, optical, surface wetting, as well as other interfacial or mechanical properties of materials. Here we highlight work applying large collections of simple spherical microgels, with unique surface chemistry that allows in situ particle-particle annealing, to form microporous injectable scaffolds for accelerated tissue regeneration. We also report on two other techniques that are addressing the ability to create 3D-shaped microparticles by first sculpting a fluid precursor stream, and increasing the rate of production of particles using contact lithography to millions of particles per hour. The combination of these capabilities and the applications they will enable suggest a bright future for microfluidics in making the next materials.
Adsorption Characteristics of a Cationic Gemini Surfactant on Carbonate Outcrops: Adsorption Reduction Using Methylene Blue (2023)

Surfactant adsorption has been a great challenge for surfactant-based chemically enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) techniques as it directly reflects the overall efficiency of a cEOR project. The static adsorption of an in-house-synthesized cationic Gemini surfactant (GS12) has been investigated on carbonate outcrops as a function of concentration, time, salinity, and temperature. Three different types of carbonate outcrop samples taken from the Al-Lidam area with an increasing percentage of silica and clay impurities were investigated. It was found that the higher the presence of silicate and clay minerals in the carbonate outcrops, the higher will be the surfactant adsorption. The adsorption of GS12 was found to decrease at elevated temperatures and in a highly saline environment, especially at very high concentrations of divalent salts (CaCl2 and MgCl2). In addition, a novel adsorption inhibitor─methylene blue─has been proposed in this study, which reduced the surfactant adsorption dramatically on carbonate outcrops. The GS12 adsorption on carbonate samples 1, 2, and 3 was reduced to 0.14 mg/g-rock, 0.48 mg/g-rock, and 2.31 mg/g-rock, respectively, by the addition of 500 ppm methylene blue in a 1500 ppm surfactant solution. Moreover, curve fitting was also performed to analyze the adsorption isotherm and kinetic data. Redlich–Peterson and pseudo-second-order models were found to be the best to describe the adsorption isotherm and kinetics, respectively.
An Emerging Paradigm in Tissue Engineering: From Chemical Engineering to Developmental Engineering for Bioartificial Tissue Formation through a Series of Unit Operations that Simulate the In Vivo Successive Developmental Stages† (2011)

The field of Tissue Engineering is in a critical stage, with the need to replace the trial-and-error methods (which, so far, are the most-often used) with rational methodologies. The opinions of several research groups expressed in the literature, as well as recent research efforts, seem to converge on a change of direction toward in vitro recapitulation of the in vivo process of tissue formation (biomimetic processes), replacing the three-dimensional (3D) cell growth and differentiation paradigm that is currently practiced. However, what the fundamental principles for the ex vivo creation of a biological implant are and how these could be translated to process design criteria for biomimetic processes is still unclear. Chemical Engineering has already offered to Tissue Engineering various tools, such as biomaterials and bioreactors, but its contribution to the development of a scientific basis for Tissue Engineering for the design of biomimetic process now has become critical. The intellectual core of chemical engineering in process design, based on the synthesis of processes from the assembly of unit operations, can provide a methodological framework suitable for the development of a rational biomimetic methodology in Tissue Engineering, with the unit operations recapitulating the successive stages of in vivo tissue development. In this article, we describe (i) why and how biomimetic processes should be designed to synchronize the evolution of variables that describe the biological transformations during the tissue development, (ii) how information from developmental biology can be used for the design of biomimetic processes, and (iii) from where the scientific and technical feasibility of designing such processes arises.
126. EFFECT OF CORONAL SHEAR FRACTURES OF THE DISTAL HUMERUS ON ELBOW KINEMATICS AND STABILITY (2011)

Purpose: Coronal shear fractures of the humerus include the Kocher-Lorenz fracture, an osteochondral fracture of the capitellar articular surface, the Hahn-Steinthal fracture, a substantial shear fragment, extension into the trochlea, and complete involvement of the capitellum and trochlea. If the fracture proves irreparable, it is not known what the impact of fragment excision would have on the biomechanics of the elbow. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of the sequential loss of the capitellum and trochlea on the kinematics and stability of the elbow. Method: Eight fresh-frozen cadaveric arms were mounted in an upper extremity joint testing system, with cables attaching the tendons of the major muscles to motors and pneumatic actuators. Electromagnetic receivers attached to the radius and ulna enabled quantification of the kinematics of both bones with respect to the humerus. The distal humeral articular surface was sequentially excised to replicate clinically relevant coronal shear fractures while leaving the collateral ligaments intact. Active flexion in both the vertical and valgus-loaded positions, and passive rotation in the vertical position was conducted for each excision. Results: Excision of the capitellum had no effect on ulnohumeral stability or kinematics in both the vertical or valgus positions (p=1.0). Excision of the entire capitellum and trochlea led to significant valgus instability with the arm in the valgus position (p=0.01), while excision of the lateral trochlea led to increased valgus instability with pronated flexion in the valgus position (p=0.049). Progressive loss of the articular surface led to posterior, inferior, and medial displacement of the radial head with respect to the capitellum and increased external rotation of the ulna with respect to the humerus in the vertical position (p Conclusion: Excision of the capitellum did not result in valgus or rotational instability, while excision of the trochlea resulted in multiplanar instability. The radial head displaced medially because it is constrained to the ulna by the annular ligament, and the ulna pivoted into valgus and external rotation on the residual trochlea and medial collateral ligament. In patients with coronal shear fractures, the trochlea must be reconstructed to prevent instability and the potential for secondary degenerative change.
Adaptive phase-coded reconstruction for cardiac CT (2000)

Cardiac imaging with conventional computed tomography (CT) has gained significant attention in recent years. New hardware development enables a CT scanner to rotate at a faster speed so that less cardiac motion is present in acquired projection data. Many new tomographic reconstruction techniques have also been developed to reduce the artifacts induced by the cardiac motion. Most of the algorithms make use of the projection data collected over several cardiac cycles to formulate a single projection data set. Because the data set is formed with samples collected roughly in the same phase of a cardiac cycle, the temporal resolution of the newly formed data set is significantly improved compared with projections collected continuously. In this paper, we present an adaptive phase- coded reconstruction scheme (APR) for cardiac CT. Unlike the previously proposed schemes where the projection sector size is identical, APR determines each sector size based on the tomographic reconstruction algorithm. The newly proposed scheme ensures that the temporal resolution of each sector is substantially equal. In addition, the scan speed is selected based on the measured EKG signal of the patient.© (2000) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Attosecond dispersion control by extreme ultraviolet multilayer mirrors (2011)

We report the first experimental demonstration of a-periodic multilayer mirrors controlling the frequency sweep (chirp) of isolated attosecond XUV pulses. The concept was proven with about 200-attosecond pulses in the photon energy range of 100-130 eV measured via photoelectron streaking in neon. The demonstrated attosecond dispersion control is engineerable in a wide range of XUV photon energies and bandwidths. The resultant tailor-made attosecond pulses with highly enhanced photon flux are expected to significantly advance attosecond metrology and spectroscopy and broaden their range of applications.
Nanomedicines and cell-based therapies for embryonal tumors of the nervous system (2022)

Embryonal tumors of the nervous system are neoplasms predominantly affecting the pediatric population. Among the most common and aggressive ones are neuroblastoma (NB) and medulloblastoma (MB). NB is a sympathetic nervous system tumor, which is the most frequent extracranial solid pediatric cancer, usually detected in children under two. MB originates in the cerebellum and is one of the most lethal brain tumors in early childhood. Their tumorigenesis presents some similarities and both tumors often have treatment resistances and poor prognosis. High-risk (HR) patients require high dose chemotherapy cocktails associated with acute and long-term toxicities. Nanomedicine and cell therapy arise as potential solutions to improve the prognosis and quality of life of children suffering from these tumors. Indeed, nanomedicines have been demonstrated to efficiently reduce drug toxicity and improve drug efficacy. Moreover, these systems have been extensively studied in cancer research over the last few decades and an increasing number of anticancer nanocarriers for adult cancer treatment has reached the clinic. Among cell-based strategies, the clinically most advanced approach is chimeric-antigen receptor (CAR) T therapy for both pathologies, which is currently under investigation in phase I/II clinical trials. However, pediatric drug research is especially hampered due not only to ethical issues but also to the lack of efficient pre-clinical models and the inadequate design of clinical trials. This review provides an update on progress in the treatment of the main embryonal tumors of the nervous system using nanotechnology and cell-based therapies and discusses key issues behind the gap between preclinical studies and clinical trials in this specific area. Some directions to improve their translation into clinical practice and foster their development are also provided.
Multiple Quantum Coherences Hyperpolarized at Ultra‐Low Fields (2019)

The development of hyperpolarization technologies enabled several yet exotic NMR applications at low and ultra-low fields (ULF), where without hyperpolarization even the detection of a signal from analytes is a challenge. Herein, we present a method for the simultaneous excitation and observation of homo- and heteronuclear multiple quantum coherences (from zero up to the third-order), which give an additional degree of freedom for ULF NMR experiments, where the chemical shift variation is negligible. The approach is based on heteronuclear correlated spectroscopy (COSY); its combination with a phase-cycling scheme allows the selective observation of multiple quantum coherences of different orders. The nonequilibrium spin state and multiple spin orders are generated by signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) and detected at ULF with a superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID)-based NMR system.
Relationship of increased aurora kinase A gene copy number, prognosis and response to chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (2012)

Increased AURKA-CN is common in mCRC tumours and is associated with longer OS and longer PFS during chemotherapy, particularly in KRAS wild-type tumours.
Rheology of galactomannan‐borax gels (1990)

Abstract The rheological behavior of semidilute galactomannan solutions in the presence of borax has been studied. The effects of polymer and borate concentrations, ionic strength, pH, and temperature are investigated and discussed. The shape of the viscoelastic functions of galactomannan–borax gels is similar to that for semidilute or concentrated polymer solutions. In 1 M NaCl, electrostatic effects are screened and the characteristic moduli of the gels appear to be determined by the number of interchain crosslinks. The elastic plateau modulus varies linearly with the free borate concentration and with the 2.6 power of the galactomannan concentration. Time–temperature type superposition is applicable if a vertical shift is introduced to account for the exothermic nature of the complexation reactions. Moreover, it seems possible to control the gel reversibility and the lifetime of crosslinks by changing the complexation kinetics via the pH.
Proceedings of the CHI'19 Workshop: Addressing the Challenges of Situationally-Induced Impairments and Disabilities in Mobile Interaction (2019)

Situationally-induced impairments and disabilities (SIIDs) make it difficult for users of interactive computing systems to perform tasks due to context (e.g., listening to a phone call when in a noisy crowd) rather than a result of a congenital or acquired impairment (e.g., hearing damage). SIIDs are a great concern when considering the ubiquitousness of technology in a wide range of contexts. Considering our daily reliance on technology, and mobile technology in particular, it is increasingly important that we fully understand and model how SIIDs occur. Similarly, we must identify appropriate methods for sensing and adapting technology to reduce the effects of SIIDs. In this workshop, we will bring together researchers working on understanding, sensing, modelling, and adapting technologies to ameliorate the effects of SIIDs. This workshop will provide a venue to identify existing research gaps, new directions for future research, and opportunities for future collaboration.
Measurement of the properties of the Ξ b ∗ 0 baryon (2016)

We perform a search for near-threshold 0 b resonances decaying to - b + in a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb -1 collected by the LHCb experiment. We observe one resonant state, with the following properties:
Geometric Theory of Heat from Souriau Lie Groups Thermodynamics and Koszul Hessian Geometry: Applications in Information Geometry for Exponential Families (2016)

We introduce the Symplectic Structure of Information Geometry based on Souriau&amp;rsquo;s Lie Group Thermodynamics model, with a covariant definition of Gibbs equilibrium via invariances through co-adjoint action of a group on its moment space, defining physical observables like energy, heat, and moment as pure geometrical objects. Using Geometric (Planck) Temperature of Souriau model and Symplectic cocycle notion, the Fisher metric is identified as a Souriau Geometric Heat Capacity. Souriau model is based on affine representation of Lie Group and Lie algebra that we compare with Koszul works on G/K homogeneous space and bijective correspondence between the set of G-invariant flat connections on G/K and the set of affine representations of the Lie algebra of G. In the framework of Lie Group Thermodynamics, an Euler-Poincar&amp;eacute; equation is elaborated with respect to thermodynamic variables, and a new variational principal for thermodynamics is built through an invariant Poincar&amp;eacute;-Cartan-Souriau integral. The Souriau-Fisher metric is linked to KKS (Kostant-Kirillov-Souriau) 2-form that associates a canonical homogeneous symplectic manifold to the co-adjoint orbits. We apply this model in the framework of Information Geometry for the action of an affine Group for exponentiel families, and provide some illustrations of use cases for multivariate Gaussian densities. Information Geometry is presented in the context of seminal work of Fr&amp;eacute;chet and his Clairaut-Legendre equation. Souriau model of Statistical Physics is validated as compatible with Balian gauge model of thermodynamics. We recall the precursor work of Casalis on affine group invariance for natural exponential families.
Enabling technology for suppressing nonlinear interchannel crosstalk in DWDM transoceanic systems (2005)

Summary form only given. Nonlinear interchannel crosstalk may result in significant performance degradation in transoceanic dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems at high bit rates. Three nonlinear mechanisms are mainly responsible for the signal distortion: self-phase modulation (SPM), cross-phase modulation (XPM) and four-wave mixing (FWM), and the latter two mechanisms cause nonlinear interchannel crosstalk. Several techniques for suppressing nonlinear interchannel crosstalk were introduced. Using large effective area fibers permits reducing the value of signal intensity for the given channel power. Dispersion management can reduce the propagation distance over which closely spaced channels overlap while ensure that the total dispersion returns to zero at the end of the system. Transmission format were also utilized to tolerant large fiber nonlinearity. The chirped return-to-zero (CRZ) transmission format suppresses nonlinear interaction by broadening the spectrum of optical signal. Orthogonal polarization launch (OPL) between adjacent channels can eliminate FWM and cut XPM by one half. Relative polarization of adjacent channels determines the strength of nonlinear interaction between them. The nonlinear crosstalk is the largest for parallel relative state of polarization (SOP) and smallest for the orthogonal relative SOP. For the orthogonal relative SOP channels FWM is negligible while XPM is only one half of the one in parallel case. Thus it is desirable to launch and keep the orthogonal relative SOP between adjacent channels through the transmission. However the OPL is difficult to realize since real transoceanic systems deploy single-mode fiber from transponders to the input of wet plant, and cannot maintain polarization state. According to our knowledge, all the above techniques except OPL have been realized in full capacity real transoceanic systems. To solve this problem, we use an active polarization controlling method, and use a polarization beam splitter after the wavelength multiplexer to generate feedback signals. Optical signals after transponders pass through a single-mode fiber, and the polarization controllers can generate appropriate birefringence such that the relative SOP between adjacent channels after the wavelength multiplexer is orthogonal. Our simulations and 6,500 Km strait line WDM transmission experiments showed about 1 dB of Q-factor improvement when employing orthogonal launch.
Attempts to Demonstrate Peptide Localization and Secretion in Primary Cell Cultures of Fetal Rat Hypothalamus (1981)

Primary cultures of dispersed hypothalamic cells were prepared from 18- to 19-day-old rat fetuses. Morphological studies revealed two types of cells having typical glial and neuronal appearances. Immunostaining of cells in culture was positive for neurophysin. The incubation medium contained radioimmunoassayable luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone, vasopressin, beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin hormone. The present data suggest that hypothalamic cells in primary culture secrete immunoreactive hormones or peptides; however, they do not seem to store significant amounts of these peptides.
Transformations of 1-methyl-1-(dichloromethyl)cyclohexane derivatives (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransformations of 1-methyl-1-(dichloromethyl)cyclohexane derivativesErnest Wenkert, Peter Bakuzis, and Fortuna HavivCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 6, 2092–2095Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00831a112https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00831a112research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts