gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update on Mathematical Modeling Research to Support the Development of Automated Insulin Delivery Systems (2010)

One year after its initial meeting, the Glycemia Modeling Working Group reconvened during the 2009 Diabetes Technology Meeting in San Francisco, CA. The discussion, involving 39 scientists, again focused on the need for individual investigators to have access to the clinical data required to develop and refine models of glucose metabolism, the need to understand the differences among the distinct models and control algorithms, and the significance of day-to-day subject variability. The key conclusion was that model-based comparisons of different control algorithms, or the models themselves, are limited by the inability to access individual model–patient parameters. It was widely agreed that these parameters, as opposed to the average parameters that are typically reported, are necessary to perform such comparisons. However, the prevailing view was that, if investigators were to make the parameters available, it would limit their ability (and that of their institution) to benefit from the invested work in developing their models. A general agreement was reached regarding the importance of each model having an insulin pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic profile that is not different from profiles reported in the literature (88% of the respondents agreed that the model should have similar curves or be analyzed separately) and the importance of capturing intraday variance in insulin sensitivity (91% of the respondents indicated that this could result in changes in fasting glucose of ≥15%, with 52% of the respondents believing that the variability could effect changes of ≥30%). Seventy-six percent of the participants indicated that high-fat meals were thought to effect changes in other model parameters in addition to gastric emptying. There was also widespread consensus as to how a closed-loop controller should respond to day-to-day changes in model parameters (with 76% of the participants indicating that fasting glucose should be within 15% of target, with 30% of the participants believing that it should be at target). The group was evenly divided as to whether the glucose sensor per se continues to be the major obstacle in achieving closed-loop control. Finally, virtually all participants agreed that a future two-day workshop should be organized to compare, contrast, and understand the differences among the different models and control algorithms.
A dual-axis bulk micromachined accelerometer with low cross-sensitivity (2012)

This paper introduces a novel dual-axis accelerometer structure with low cross-sensitivity. Devices are designed to be fabricated in the SOIMUMPs process, followed by an in-house release step. The device measures 1 mm × 1 mm with 4 proof masses that are able to sense accelerations in the X and Y axes independently. Simulations show a sensitivity of 25 fF/g with a maximum alignment error of 1.6°. The cross-sensitivity is less than 0.5% and the nonlinearity is 3.7% across the 4 g dynamic range. The rotational motion and Z accelerations have no impact on the device X and Y readings, thanks to the particular geometry and differential nature of the device.
Rationale and Design of The SOluble guanylate Cyclase StimulatoR in HeArT FailurE Studies (SOCRATES) (2014)

SOCRATES will be the first programme to enrol specifically both inpatients and outpatients with WCHF and patients with reduced or preserved ejection fraction. Results will inform the benefits of pursuing subsequent event-driven clinical outcome trials with sGC stimulators in this patient population.
Folding of peptides characterized by c3Val, a highly constrained analogue of valine (2002)

Using a combined chemical/chiral chromatographic approach we synthesized an N-protected derivative of (R)-c(3)Val, a severely conformationally restricted C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acid characterized by a C(beta,beta)-dimethylated cyclopropane system. A set of terminally protected derivatives and model peptides (to the heptamer level), containing one or two (R)-c(3)Val residues in combination with either Aib or Gly residues, was prepared by solution methods. A detailed solution and crystal-state conformational investigation, based on Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption, (1)H-NMR, and x-ray diffraction techniques, performed in comparison with a similar study on related derivatives and peptides rich in (alphaMe)Val, the prototype of C(alpha)-tetrasubstituted alpha-amino acids of this subfamily, allowed us to conclude the following: (a) c(3)Val is a good beta-bend and helix former, although less efficient than (alphaMe)Val. (b) The relationship between alpha-carbon chirality and screw sense of the folded structure formed is the same as that of (alphaMe)Val, i.e., the (R)-enantiomer has a strong left-handed bias. (c) c(3)Val seems more prone than (alphaMe)Val to fold into a gamma-bend conformation. The conformational propensities of C(beta,beta)-disubstituted Ac(3)c residues are also discussed in comparison with those of the parent cyclopropane residue.
Physiopathology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Myeloproliferative Diseases (2007)

日本内科学会雑誌 第96巻 第 7 号・平成19年 7 月10日 薄井 それでは 「慢性骨髄増殖性疾患の病態・ 診断・治療」について座談会を始めたいと思い ます．お忙しい中，先生方，ありがとうござい ます． ヒトの血液細胞は骨髄において，造血幹細胞 (stem cell) という自己複製能と分化する能力を 有する細胞群から産生されます．このstem cell は，造血因子(growth factor)など適切な刺激 に応じてリンパ系細胞 (lymphoid cell) と骨髄系 細胞(myeloid cell)などの種々の血液細胞へ分 化します． 私たちの身体では， stem cellを頂点と するヒエラルキーが形成され，骨髄の微小環境 が適切に維持され正常な造血が営まれています． 造血器腫瘍 (図 1) では，大きく分けてリンパ系 腫瘍 (lymphoid malignancy) と骨髄系腫瘍 (myeloid malignancy) が発症いたします．WHO分類 に従えば，骨髄系腫瘍には，急性骨髄性白血病 (acute myeloid leukemia：AML) ， 骨髄異形成症 候群(myelodysplastic syndromes：MDS) ，骨 髄異形成! 骨髄増殖性 疾 患(myelodysplastic! myeloproliferative diseases)と，今回のテーマ に
Temporal variations in radar backscatter coefficients of vegetation and snow cover (2002)

Microwave remote sensing of vegetation and soil has become an important discipline for the Global Change Research program. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) technology demonstrated its utility in acquiring biomass data and classification of ecosystems. However single polarization and single frequency radar backscatter coefficients are vulnerable to a number of microphysical parameters. Backscattering coefficients reach saturation limits for biomass levels around 2 kg m/sup -2/ at C-band. The biomass saturation limit increases at lower frequency bands. Detailed field experiment results indicate that for a given biomass. backscatter measurements vary on the order of several dB depending on the changing environmental conditions such as temperature, soil moisture and tree structure. etc.. On the theoretical frontier, microwave canopy scattering models are also incomplete due to their limited potential to handle the realistic canopy and surface structures. This paper presents a temporal and seasonal variations of multi-frequency and multi-polarization backscatter coefficients for birch trees and snow cover. The measurements are collected using a dual-channel and dual-polarization scatterometer system. Frequency of operation for the system is between L- and X-band. Environmental parameters such as temperature, snow cover and visual description of the scene are also documented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Reduced Treatment Intensity in Patients with Early-Stage Hodgkin's Lymphoma (2010)

In patients with early-stage Hodgkin's lymphoma and a favorable prognosis, treatment with two cycles of ABVD followed by 20 Gy of involved-field radiation therapy is as effective as, and less toxic than, four cycles of ABVD followed by 30 Gy of involved-field radiation therapy. Long-term effects of these treatments have not yet been fully assessed. (Funded by the Deutsche Krebshilfe and the Swiss Federal Government; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00265018.)
Design, Synthesis and In Vitro Evaluation of Novel Derivatives as Serotonin N -Acetyltransferase Inhibitors (2002)

Serotonin N-acetyltransferase (arylalkylamine N-acetyl-transferase, AANAT) is an enzyme that catalyses the first rate limiting step in the biosynthesis of melatonin (5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine). Different physiopathological disorders in human may be due to abnormal secretion of melatonin leading to an inappropriate exposure of melatonin receptors to melatonin. For that reason, we have designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of human serotonin N-acetyltransferase, a series of compounds that were able to react with coenzyme A to give a bisubstrate analog inhibitor. Compound 12d was found to be a potent AANAT inhibitor (IC50 = 0.18 microM).
Molecular Target of Decursins in the Inhibition of Lipid Droplet Accumulation in Macrophages (2006)

During screening for inhibitors of lipid droplet accumulation in mouse peritoneal macrophages, two coumarins identified as decursin and decursinol angelate were isolated from the roots of Angelicae gigantis. The cellular molecular target of these inhibitors in macrophages was studied. Decursin and decursinol angelate inhibited cholesteryl ester (CE) synthesis with IC50 values of 9.7 and 10.1 microM, respectively, whereas they enhanced triacylglycerol (TG) synthesis. Lysosomal metabolism of cholesterol to CE was inhibited by the compounds, indicating that the site of inhibition is one of the steps between the exiting of cholesterol from the lysosomes and CE synthesis in the endoplasmic reticulum. Therefore, acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in the microsomal fractions prepared from mouse macrophages was studied, and the results showed inhibition of this activity by decursin and decursinol angelate with IC50 values of 43 and 22 microM, respectively. Thus, it was concluded that the compounds inhibit macrophage ACAT activity to decrease CE synthesis, leading to a reduction of lipid droplets in macrophages.
Optical properties of Cr3+ in fluorite-structure hosts and in MgF*2 (1987)

We have examined the optical properties of Cr3+ in MgF2 and in the fluorite-structure hosts: CdF2, CaF2, SrF2, and BaF2. The properties of Cr3+ in MgF2 are similar to those observed for other fluoride crystals that have octahedral substitutional metal sites. Interestingly, Cr3+ is also found to be sixfold coordinated in the fluorite hosts, despite the fact that the metal sites of these crystal lattices are eightfold coordinated. The smaller ionic radius of Cr3+ compared to, say, Ca2+, undoubtedly results in considerable relaxation at the metal site. However, the crystal field stabilization energy present in the 4A2(d3) ground state also provides for the energetic preference of sixfold vs eightfold coordination. The similarity of the observed absorption spectra of Cr3+ in MgF2 and in fluorite give evidence that the ground state is octahedrally coordinated in all of these hosts. The reduction of this electronic stabilization energy in the 4T2(d3) excited state is considered to produce a configurational shift relative to the ground state. This shift may be the reason why Cr3+ luminesces effectively in MgF2 whereas it is largely quenched in the fluorite-structure materials.
Histologic evaluation of metastases in renal cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid transformation and its implications for systemic therapy (2009)

Sarcomatoid elements are frequently observed in the metastases of primary tumors with sarcomatoid features, and these metastases generally contain a solitary pattern supporting the subclone hypothesis. However, both components can metastasize in the same patient. The percentage of sarcomatoid features influences the pattern of spread, and patients with >30% sarcomatoid features in the primary tumor frequently have distant sarcomatoid histology. This cutpoint may be helpful for inclusion criteria for future clinical trials.
Pseudo‐dynamic hybrid simulations of steel eccentrically braced frames equipped with cast steel replaceable modular yielding links (2023)

Abstract Previous studies have underlined the importance of establishing a database of high‐fidelity benchmark experimental test results under random loading histories such as earthquake excitations for both existing structural systems as well as newly proposed ones. Such experimental results are useful for understanding the limitations of previously developed numerical models, proposing new numerical models for more recently developed structural systems, better assessing the ultra‐low cycle fatigue (ULCF) life of energy dissipative components, and improving the loading protocols used for element assessments or developments of numerical model. This paper presents experimental results from pseudo‐dynamic hybrid simulations on steel eccentrically braced frames (EBF) equipped with novel cast steel replaceable modular yielding links. The first set of experiments are carried out on a four‐story EBF, with the first‐floor yielding link physically tested in the laboratory. The second set of experiments are performed on a two‐story EBF where the second‐floor link is physically tested in the laboratory, while considering axial loads due to the imbalanced distribution of the seismic weight in the building. Each building structure is subjected to three Maximum Credible Event (MCE) level earthquakes. A framework for performing hybrid simulations on EBFs is proposed where the response of the yielding link is physically captured in a single degree of freedom control system, with or without axial loads. A substructuring strategy is proposed in conjunction with a modeling approach in the integration module. The results confirm the effectiveness of the hybrid simulation framework, which can be adopted in similar studies. Two numerical models are proposed for capturing the response of cast steel links using a simplified and a more advanced approach. The models are first calibrated using incremental reversed‐cyclic experimental test results, and then refined using the hybrid simulation test results. The effects of this calibration improvement are quantified through critically comparing the response prediction for different response parameters before and after improving the calibration with the experimental results. The numerical model which captures the physical mechanism of the cast steel links provides a more accurate response prediction compared to the simplified numerical model using a phenomenological truss with calibrated force‐deformation. The remaining ULCF life of the tested yielding links is experimentally investigated after having sustained three MCE level earthquakes, which indicates a large reserve ductility capacity which is more than twice the required plastic rotation capacity for cast steel links after seismic events.
High-oxidation-state pentamethylcyclopentadienyl tungsten hydrazine and hydrazido complexes and cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bond (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh-oxidation-state pentamethylcyclopentadienyl tungsten hydrazine and hydrazido complexes and cleavage of the nitrogen-nitrogen bondRichard R. Schrock, Timothy E. Glassman, Michael G. Vale, and Moshe KolCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 5, 1760–1772Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00058a022RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Full-Reference Quality Estimation for Images With Different Spatial Resolutions (2014)

Multimedia communication is becoming pervasive because of the progress in wireless communications and multimedia coding. Estimating the quality of the visual content accurately is crucial in providing satisfactory service. State of the art visual quality assessment approaches are effective when the input image and reference image have the same resolution. However, finding the quality of an image that has spatial resolution different than that of the reference image is still a challenging problem. To solve this problem, we develop a quality estimator (QE), which computes the quality of the input image without resampling the reference or the input images. In this paper, we begin by identifying the potential weaknesses of previous approaches used to estimate the quality of experience. Next, we design a QE to estimate the quality of a distorted image with a lower resolution compared with the reference image. We also propose a subjective test environment to explore the success of the proposed algorithm in comparison with other QEs. When the input and test images have different resolutions, the subjective tests demonstrate that in most cases the proposed method works better than other approaches. In addition, the proposed algorithm also performs well when the reference image and the test image have the same resolution.
Direct Organometallic Synthesis:  The Metal-Etching Reactions of Isobutyl Iodide on Al(111)1 (1998)

We report a study of the thermal decomposition and reactions of isobutyl iodide on Al(111). Using temperature-programmed reaction and Auger electron spectroscopies, it was found that more than one product-forming pathway involving the alkyl moiety exists on this surface. A first-order, β-hydride elimination reaction converts surface-bound isobutyl groups derived from the dissociation of the C−I bond to gas phase isobutene and dihydrogen at temperatures above ∼420 K. Competing with this unimolecular process is a collection of complex associative reactions which effect the etching of the aluminum surface via the formation of volatile organometallic species. This includes formation and subsequent desorption of diisobutylaluminum iodide (desorption peak maximum at ∼490 K), diisobutylaluminum hydride (∼515 K), methylaluminum dihydride (∼725 K), and AlIx, x = 1−3 (∼620 K). The kinetics of the processes yielding the various aluminum hydrides are coupled to that of the β-hydride elimination pathway (which serves as the hydrogen atom source) and are strongly coverage dependent. The formation of MeAlH2 reveals the occurrence of a kinetically competitive β-methyl elimination reaction of the surface alkyl groups.
Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty: Causes and High Incidence of Early Failure (2012)

Early failures of metal-on-metal total hip arthroplasty (THA) occur due to aseptic loosening, metal hypersensitivity reactions, pseudotumor formation, and component seizing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the timing, common modes of failure, clinical outcomes, and incidence of metal-on-metal THA revisions. A review was performed of 80 patients who underwent revision of a failed metal-on-metal THA for any reason. The most common reason for metal-on-metal failure was aseptic acetabular loosening, with a rate of 56.25% (45/80 patients). Early failure of metal-on-metal THAs was noted, with 78% of these revisions being performed within 2 years of the index operation and 92.5% within 3 years. Furthermore, 13% of patients experienced significant localized soft tissue reactions. Mean preoperative Harris Hip Score was 42.35 ± 14.24 and mean postoperative Harris Hip Score was 66.5 ± 23.2 (range, 9.55-95.4), with an average follow-up of 438 ± 492 days (range, 40-2141), or 1.2 years.It is imperative that clinicians be cognizant of the fact that the proposed advantages of metal-on-metal THA are not without potential detrimental sequelae. This article proposes an algorithm to aid in diagnosing the etiology of a painful metal-on-metal THA, as well as 2 classification schemes regarding metal-on-metal THA complications to help direct treatment.
Tissue Chemoablation (2003)

To date, ethanol chemoablation has been shown to be feasible and reproducible only for metastatic hepatic carcinoma. In urology, chemoablation is still very much in the investigational stage for both the prostate and the kidney. A significant drawback is that even in the gel form, the spread of the chemoablative substance through the tissue is irregular and unpredictable. In the future, chemoablation may become a more effective modality by combining it with radiofrequency or other energy sources.
Improved 2D inverse proton detected C,H correlation NMR techniques for the total assignment of carbon resonances of a highly delta opioid receptor agonist peptide (1993)

Abstract Assignment of the 13 C resonances of the highly delta opioid receptor selective cyclic peptide magnified image enkephalin (DPDPE) was accomplished by using single‐quantum inverse proton detected 2D heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy. The pulse sequences described provided better sensitivity and resolution than the corresponding, commonly used, multiple‐quantum evolution experiments, since during the SQ‐evolution period there is no line broadening due to scalar and dipolar 1 H‐ 1 H interactions. The proton detected C,H correlation spectrum, in combination with the H‐TOCSY relay C,H correlation, gave the assignment of all protonated carbons. The C,H correlation optimized for long‐range coupling gave the assignments of all non‐protonated carbons, such as the carbonyl carbons of the peptide bonds. These spectra also allowed the sequential assignment of this molecule.
Electro-optic effects and phase behavior of liquid-crystalline physical gels: self-assembly of hydrogen-bonded molecules for the formation of dynamically functional composites (2000)

Anisotropic physical gels of liquid crystals are obtained by the formation of non-covalently-bonded networks through self-organization of low molecular weight compounds in nematic solvents. They exhibit thermoreversible transitions between isotropic liquid and isotropic gel, and between isotropic gel and liquid-crystalline gel, whose temperatures are dependent on the components. Electro-optic properties of liquid-crystalline gels are examined with twisted nematic cells. A nematic liquid crystal in a gel structure can respond to electric fields twice faster than a single liquid-crystalline component.
SmartCharge (2012)

Market-based electricity pricing provides consumers an opportunity to lower their electric bill by shifting consumption to low price periods. In this paper, we explore how to lower electric bills without requiring consumer involvement using an intelligent charging system, called SmartCharge, and an on-site battery array to store low-cost energy for use during high-cost periods. SmartCharge's algorithm reduces electricity costs by determining when to switch the home's power supply between the grid and the battery array. The algorithm leverages a prediction model we develop, which forecasts future demand using statistical machine learning techniques. We evaluate SmartCharge in simulation using data from real homes to quantify its potential to lower bills in a range of scenarios. We show that typical savings today are 10-15%, but increase linearly with rising electricity prices. We also find that SmartCharge deployed at only 22% of 435 homes reduces the aggregate demand peak by 20%. Finally, we analyze SmartCharge's installation and maintenance costs. Our analysis shows that battery advancements, combined with an expected rise in electricity prices, have the potential to make the return on investment positive for the average home within the next few years.