gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of route requests using dominating-set neighbor elimination in an on-demand routing protocol (2004)

The use of dominating-set neighbor elimination as an integral part of the distribution of route requests using the ad hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) protocol as an example of on-demand routing protocols is investigated. We use detailed simulations to show that simply applying dominant pruning (DP) to the distribution of route requests in AODV results in pruning too many route requests in the presence of mobility and cross-traffic. Accordingly, we introduce several heuristics to compensate the effects of DP and show that the resulting AODV with dominating set heuristics (AODV-DS) has comparable or better delivery ratio, network load, and packet latency than the conventional AODV. AODV-DS exhibits over 70% savings on RREQ traffic than conventional AODV, and in some situations, AODV-DS may have a lower control overhead using Hello packets than conventional AODV without Helios.
Mukaiyama Aldol Reactions Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2007)

A highly efficient organocatalytic protocol for Mukaiyama aldol reactions of trimethyl­silyl ketene acetals as well as trimethylsilyl enol ethers with various, mostly aromatic aldehydes is described. In the presence of only 0.5 mol% of bis(adamantyl)-substituted imidazol-2-ylidene, aldol products are obtained in moderate to high yields (25-91%). In addition, the activated ketone 2,2,2-trifluoroacetophenone was also found to undergo aldol reactions in high yields. The authors propose that the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) acts as a carbon-centered nucleophilic catalyst activating the Si-O bond of enoxysilanes through the formation of a pentavalent silicon complex. Furthermore, it was shown that NHCs show a better performance compared to commonly employed P- or N-centered Lewis base catalysts.
Long-Distance Transmon Coupler with cz-Gate Fidelity above 99.8% (2023)

Funding Information: We acknowledge Matthew Sarsby, Roope Kokkoniemi, Ali Yurtalan Jean-Luc Orgiazzi, Lucas Ortega, Jorge Santos, Jaakko Jussila, Illari Kuronen, Jaakko Salo, Tiina Naaranoja, Otto Koskinen, and Tero Somppi for supporting the conceptualization, construction, and maintenance of the experimental setup, Ferenc Dósa-Rácz, Janne Mäntylä, Sinan Inel, and Leon Wubben for additional software support, and Olli-Pentti Saira for valuable discussions. We would additionally like to thank the rest of the IQM team for creating the entire infrastructure, laying the foundation of this work. The work was partly supported by the European Innovation Council (EIC) under Prometheus (Grant No. 959521), by Business Finland (Grant No. 7547/31/2021), and by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) under the projects Q-Exa (Grant No. 13N16062), QSolid (Grant No. 13N16161), and MUNIQC-SC (Grant No. 13N16185). M.M. is partly supported by the Academy of Finland through its Centers of Excellence Program (Project No. 336810) and by the European Research Council under Advanced Grant ConceptQ (Grant No. 101053801). Parts of this work are included in patents applications filed by IQM Finland Oy. This work has used resources from the OtaNano Micronova cleanroom. Publisher Copyright: © 2023 authors. Published by the American Physical Society. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.
Respiratory-resolved MR-based attenuation correction for motion-compensated cardiac PET-MR (2018)

Respiratory motion during cardiac PET acquisitions can cause image blurring and erroneous uptake quantification. In particular the misalignment of attenuation correction (AC) maps and PET emission data can lead to severe quantification errors, because the AC value of the heart is five times higher than of the surrounding lung tissue. Standard PET-MR approaches assume accurate alignment between breathhold MR-based AC maps and free-breathing PET emission data but cannot necessarily ensure it. Here we propose a 75 s free-breathing MR-acquisition, which provides respiratory-resolved AC maps (AC<sub>Dyn</sub>) and non-rigid respiratory motion information. This approach ensures accurate AC for free-breathing PET data and the motion information can be utilized to reduce image blurring caused by respiratory motion. 3D multi-echo MR data was acquired during a 75 s free-breathing scan in six patients. Both a respiratory-resolved dynamic AC map (AC<sub>Dyn</sub>) and a non-rigid respiratory motion field are provided by the MR scan. AC<sub>Dyn</sub> yielded AC values for different breathing phases ensuring accurate AC for each respiratory phase of the free-breathing PET data. In addition, motion-corrected image reconstruction (MCIR) of MR and PET data was used to minimize breathing artefacts. Motion amplitudes in the left ventricle were 8.2 ± 2.9 mm with a dominant motion direction along the anterior-anterolateral and inferior-inferoseptal axis of the heart. The proposed AC<sub>Dyn</sub>-MCIR technique led to significant signal recovery of PET tracer uptake by 24 ± 5% (p < 0.05). The maximum improvement was observed in patients with large misalignment between standard breathhold MR-based AC maps and PET emission data. PET image resolution was improved by 20 ± 12% (p < 0.05). We have presented an efficient MR-scan, which ensures accurate motion information and AC values to improve PET quantification for cardiac PET-MR scans. The short scan time of 75 s makes this free-breathing acquisition easy to integrate into standard clinical PET-MR protocols.
Redox-active polyimide/carbon nanocomposite electrodes for reversible charge storage at negative potentials: expanding the functional horizon of polyimides (2010)

The reversible n-type charge-storage capability of polyimides was significantly enhanced in a polyimide/carbon nanocomposite prepared by cyclodehydration of the corresponding polyamic acid which was solution-processed into a composite layer on an electrode surface with a vapor-grown carbon nanofiber. The stepwise preparation process gave the first polyimide-based electrode-active material with a sufficient dispersion of the polyimide particles at the carbon nanofiber surface, while a simple grinding of the polyimide and the carbon nanofiber gave mixtures without charge retention capability due to gradual dissolution in the reduced state. The polyimide/carbon nanocomposites were characterized by negative redox potentials at −1.36 and −0.76 V vs. Ag/AgCl for poly(4,4′-oxydiphthalimido-1,4-phenylene) (1) and poly(pyromellitimido-1,4-phenylene) (2), respectively, which corresponded to a charging per repeating unit of the neutral polymers to radical polyanions. The 2/carbon nanocomposite underwent further reduction at −1.34 V to produce a dianion per repeating unit, giving rise to a high-density charging with a redox capacity of 185 mAh g−1 based on the formula weight of 2. The typical redox capacity of the electrolyzed nanocomposites amounted to ca. 60% of the formula weight-based capacity, which was still larger than those of typical redox polymers with negative potentials, such as viologen-based polyelectrolytes. Additional advantages originated from the robustness of the polyimide framework, which allowed excellent charging/discharging cyclability. The polyimide/carbon nanocomposite electrodes would be highly promising as anode-active materials in organic rechargeable devices, owing to these excellent redox properties.
Observation and Differentiation of Unique High-QOptical Resonances Near Zero Wave Vector in Macroscopic Photonic Crystal Slabs (2012)

We demonstrate and distinguish experimentally the existence of a special type of Fano resonances at $\mathbf{k}\ensuremath{\approx}\mathbf{0}$ in a macroscopic two-dimensional photonic crystal slab. We fabricate a square lattice array of holes in a silicon nitride layer and perform an angular resolved spectral analysis of the various Fano resonances. We elucidate their radiation behavior using temporal coupled-mode theory and symmetry considerations. The unique simplicity of this system whereby an ultralong lifetime delocalized electromagnetic field can exist above the surface and consequently easily interact with added matter, provides exciting new opportunities for the study of light and matter interaction.
DIFFERENCES IN LINEAR GROWTH AND CORTISOL PRODUCTION BETWEEN LIVER AND RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS ON SIMILAR IMMUNOSUPPRESSION (1995)

Linear growth is more often impaired after liver than after renal transplantation (Tx) in childhood. As similar triple immunosuppression was used in our liver and renal transplant recipients, we were able to compare growth and endocrine function between 19 prepubertal liver and 35 renal transplant recipients. There were no significant differences in median age, weight-for-height index, or height standard deviation score at Tx. Seventy-eight percent of the liver Tx patients, but only 7% of the renal Tx patients, were below the normal range for height 3 years after Tx. Graft function was good in both liver and renal transplant recipients 3 years after Tx. There was no significant difference in growth hormone secretion, serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, and IGF-binding protein-3 levels, or in methylprednisolone and cyclosporine doses. However, the blood cyclosporine levels were significantly higher in the liver transplant recipients (P = 0.001 1 year and P = 0.005 2 years after Tx). Cortisol production was significantly lower in the liver transplant recipients (P = 0.002 1 year and P = 0.049 2 years after Tx), which suggests greater steroid-mediated suppression of adrenal function. Growth inhibition is more often observed in liver than in renal transplant recipients on similar triple immunosuppression, and may not be related to deficient function of the growth hormone-IGF-I axis. Similar cyclosporine doses result in higher plasma levels of the drug and similar methylprednisolone doses result in more inhibited adrenal cortisol production in liver transplant recipients. In children with organ transplants, cyclosporine and methylprednisolone should be administered on an individual basis.
A MICROMECHANICAL MODEL FOR FIBER CEMENT OPTIMIZATION AND COMPONENT TAILORING (2006)

Peer Reviewed
Galveston Brain Injury Conference 2010: Clinical and Experimental Aspects of Blast Injury (2012)

Blast injury is the most prevalent source of mortality and morbidity among combatants in Operations Iraqi and Enduring Freedom. Blast-induced neurotrauma (BINT) is a common cause of mortality, and even mild BINT may be associated with chronic cognitive and emotional deficits. In addition to military personnel, the increasing use of explosives by terrorists has resulted in growing numbers of blast injuries in civilian populations. Since the medical and rehabilitative communities are likely to be faced with increasing numbers of patients suffering from blast injury, the 2010 Galveston Brain Injury Conference focused on topics related to the diagnosis, treatment, and mechanisms of BINT. Although past military actions have resulted in large numbers of blast casualties, BINT is considered the signature injury of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. The attention focused on BINT has led to increased financial support for research on blast effects, contributing to the development of better experimental models of blast injury and a clearer understanding of the mechanisms of BINT. This more thorough understanding of blast injury mechanisms will result in novel and more effective therapeutic and rehabilitative strategies designed to reduce injury and facilitate recovery, thereby improving long-term outcomes in patients suffering from the devastating and often lasting effects of BINT. The following is a summary of the 2010 Galveston Brain Injury Conference, that included presentations related to the diagnosis and treatment of acute BINT, the evaluation of the long-term neuropsychological effects of BINT, summaries of current experimental models of BINT, and a debate about the relative importance of primary blast effects on the acute and long-term consequences of blast exposure.
Dynamics response of polyethylene polymer nanocomposites to shock wave loading (2015)

The shock response of polyethylene polymer modified by nanoparticles (NP) is investigated using a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation. The us-up Hugoniot analysis yields a linear relationship under the range of particle velocity investigated, in agreement with previous simulation and experimental results. NP addition improves the mechanical properties of the composites, as reflected by the increased Young's modulus and yield strength especially in the case of shorter chain length of polymer. This is directly related to the increased shock impedance with NP volume fraction, as demonstrated by the enhanced pressure in the shocked state, slightly reduced microscopic deformation, and increased shock velocity. The layered structure with alternate soft and hard regions, with NP addition only in the hard regions, leads to significantly enhanced microscopic deformation in the soft regions. It is also important that the shock impedance difference between the soft and hard region to be large enough to facilitate the energy absorption through plastic deformation in the soft regions. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2015, 53, 1292–1302
Comparison of clustered and antenna interleaving ofdm in multiple-antenna systems with amplifier nonlinearities (2005)

The transmit power requirements are one of the key issues in future wireless orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Diversity techniques applied in OFDM systems help to reduce nonlinear effects produced by the power amplifier. In this paper, low peak to average power ratio (PAPR) techniques clustered OFDM (COFDM) and antenna interleaving OFDM (AIOFDM) applied in a wireless LAN systems are evaluated under nonlinear power amplifier. This paper shows that the bit error rate (BER) obtained using antenna interleaving OFDM is lower compared to the BER obtained applying clustered OFDM and conventional OFDM in fading channels subject to amplifier nonlinearities. The implementation of these low PAPR techniques can help to reduce the power amplifier linearity restrictions increasing the power efficiency. Power amplifier efficiency is crucial in mobile systems since it has a dominant effect on the battery charge life.
Experimental Demonstration of a 5G Network Slice Deployment Exploiting Edge or Cloud Data-Centers (2019)

The demo shows the 5G-TRANSFORMER architecture capability to deploy 5G network slices exploiting edge or cloud data-centers in minutes.Different slice deployments are shown to affect the performance of a dictionary mobile-app supported by them.
Diabetic Retinopathy in 2011: Further Insights From New Epidemiological Studies and Clinical Trials (2011)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common and specific microvascular complication of diabetes and one of the leading global causes of preventable blindness. Population-based studies suggest that about one-third of the diabetic population have signs of DR and approximately one-tenth have vision-threatening stages of retinopathy, such as diabetic macular edema and proliferative retinopathy (1,2). Notwithstanding its effects on vision, DR is costly (3), substantially impacts on the patient's quality of life (4), and is linked with a greater risk of life-threatening systemic vascular complications (5).

Because blindness from DR is preventable from both public health screening and clinical management perspectives, it is important to precisely identify persons at risk for developing DR and those most likely to progress to severe vision-threatening stages. In this issue of Diabetes Care , Zavrelova et al. (6) present a fascinating and informative article that discusses people with diabetes having distinct developmental patterns of DR and that there may be specific risk factors associated with different patterns of progression. From a large group of patients with type 2 diabetes ( N = 3,343), the authors identified five clusters of developmental patterns of DR. The largest (cluster A) included patients who did not develop any form of DR over a 6-year period (“persistent no retinopathy”). Cluster B included patients with a high probability of a mild form of DR, which disappeared over time and thus are not at risk for vision loss. Two progressive clusters (C and D) were identified and differed from each other in severity and in speed of developing retinopathy. Finally, a fifth cluster (E) consisted of patients who had persistent proliferative DR, including previous laser treatment.

Perhaps the most important finding was that almost 90% of this population (cluster A) were …
Supplementary Methods, Figure Legends from Reduced Proteolytic Shedding of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Is a Post-Translational Mechanism of Kinase Inhibitor Resistance (2023)

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In Vitro Alterations Do Not Reflect a Requirement for Host Cell Cycle Progression during Plasmodium Liver Stage Infection (2014)

Prior to invading nonreplicative erythrocytes, Plasmodium parasites undergo their first obligate step in the mammalian host inside hepatocytes, where each sporozoite replicates to generate thousands of merozoites. While normally quiescent, hepatocytes retain proliferative capacity and can readily reenter the cell cycle in response to diverse stimuli. Many intracellular pathogens, including protozoan parasites, manipulate the cell cycle progression of their host cells for their own benefit, but it is not known whether the hepatocyte cell cycle plays a role during Plasmodium liver stage infection. Here, we show that Plasmodium parasites can be observed in mitotic hepatoma cells throughout liver stage development, where they initially reduce the likelihood of mitosis and ultimately lead to significant acquisition of a binucleate phenotype. However, hepatoma cells pharmacologically arrested in S phase still support robust and complete Plasmodium liver stage development, which thus does not require cell cycle progression in the infected cell in vitro. Furthermore, murine hepatocytes remain quiescent throughout in vivo infection with either Plasmodium berghei or Plasmodium yoelii, as do Plasmodium falciparum-infected primary human hepatocytes, demonstrating that the rapid and prodigious growth of liver stage parasites is accomplished independent of host hepatocyte cell cycle progression during natural infection.
Effects of clonidine on prolonged postoperative sympathetic response (1997)

The combined administration of oral and transdermal clonidine effectively attenuated the catecholamine response to surgical stress throughout the postoperative study period. Clonidine administration produced specific sympatholytic effects, since other elements of the stress response were not attenuated. Undesirable side effects were not noted. The sustained sympatholytic effects we observed suggest that alpha2 adrenergic-receptor agonists may offer a pharmacologic means of modifying the sympathoadrenal response to injury, and may be useful in reducing perioperative complications.
Controllable III–V nanowire growth via catalyst epitaxy (2017)

In this III–V nanowire growth study, small catalyst nanoparticles have higher solubility of the group III precursors, which not only enable the faster nanowire growth rate, but also yields epitaxial growth accounting for the better crystallinity.
Web++: a system for fast and reliable web service (1999)

We describe the design of a system for a fast and reliable HTTP service termed Web++.Web++ achieves high reliability by dynamically replicating Web data among multiple Web servers. Web++ selects a server which is available and that is expected to provide the fastest response time. Furthermore, Web++ guarantees data delivery, provided that at least one server containing the requested data is available. After detecting a server failure, Web++ client requests are satisfied transparently to the client by another server. Web++ is built on top of the standard HTTP protocol and does not require any changes either in existing Web browsers, or the installation of any software on the client side. We implement a Web++ prototype; performance experiments indicate that Web++ improves the client response time on average by 36.6%, and in many cases by as much as 59%, when compared with the current Web performance. 1 Introduction 1.1 Motivation The success of the Web has proven the value of sharing ...
Effect of inflammatory mediators on the physiology of the human Fallopian tube (2002)

The physiological basis for the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in the treatment of acute pelvic pain in women was examined in terms of: (i) the electrophysiological responses of epithelial cells in the human Fallopian tube; and (ii) the longitudinal and circular contractions of the myosalpinx. Epithelial cells were grown as a polarized layer in primary culture, and transepithelial potential difference (p.d.) and short-circuit current (I(scc)) were recorded using a modified Ussing chamber. The inflammatory mediators histamine (0.1-100.0 micromol l(-1)) and platelet activating factor (PAF) (1.9-1900.0 nmol l(-1)) increased p.d. and I(scc) in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation with the NSAID diclofenac sodium (100 micromol l(-1)) inhibited the histamine- and PAF-induced stimulation of p.d. and I(scc). Aspirin (100 micromol l(-1)), ibuprofen (100 micromol l(-1)), indomethacin (100 micromol l(-1)) or naproxen (100 micromol l(-1)) were only partially effective. Histamine (0.1-1000.0 micromol l(-1)) increased the frequency of contractions of longitudinal and circular smooth muscle in segments of Fallopian tube in vitro, in a dose-dependent manner. Pre-incubation with diclofenac significantly reduced the histamine-induced stimulation of tubal smooth muscle contraction at the higher doses of histamine. The other NSAIDs had no effect. These data provide evidence that diclofenac downregulates acute inflammation in the human Fallopian tube and may be of use as an anti-inflammatory agent in the treatment of pelvic inflammatory disease.
TNFα production by CD4 + T cells predicts long-term increase in lesion load on MRI in MS (2001)

Reliable laboratory prognostic factors for MS are still lacking. The predictive value of markers of T-cell activation for long-term disease progression was investigated. Flow cytometry measurements were correlated to changes in Expanded Disability Status Scale and MR T2 lesion load over 36 months in 14 patients with secondary progressive MS. A correlation was found between the percentage of tumor necrosis factor-alpha-producing CD4(+) T cells at baseline and the change in T2 lesion load during 3-year follow-up (r = 0.79, adjusted r(2) = 0.59, p = 0.001).