gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Ratio of Parathyroid Hormone as Measured by Third- and Second-Generation Assays as a Marker for Parathyroid Carcinoma (2010)

An inverted third-generation to second-generation PTH ratio occurred in the majority of patients with advanced PCa and was absent in all 245 relevant controls. A third-generation to second-generation PTH ratio higher than 1 had a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 100% among PHP patients as a marker for PCa. This ratio may be useful to identify patients with PCa earlier and to detect patients either at risk of developing PCa or those in whom recurrence is taking place.
To Achieve National Self-sufficiency (2014)

There has been a significant growth in the number of deceased donors in Korea since the appropriate deceased organ donation system was launched. A comprehensive national program is required to improve deceased donation and achieve self-sufficiency.
Crush-Plasty of the Calcaneus (1996)

From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Union Memorial Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A.
Modeling flows of confined nematic liquid crystals (2011)

The flow of nematic liquid crystals in tightly confined systems was simulated using a molecular theory and an unsymmetric radial basis function collocation approach. When a nematic liquid crystal is subjected to a cavity flow, we find that moderate flows facilitate the relaxation of the system to the stable defect configuration observed in the absence of flow. Under more extreme flow conditions, e.g., an Ericksen number Er=20, flows can alter the steady-state defect structure observed in the cavity. The proposed numerical method was also used to examine defect annihilation in a thin liquid crystal film. The flows that arise from shear stresses within the system result in a higher velocity for s = +1∕2 defect than for the defect of opposing charge. This higher velocity can be attributed to reactive stresses within the deformed liquid crystal, which result in a net flow that favors the motion of one defect. These two examples serve to illustrate the usefulness of radial basis functions methods in the context of liquid crystal dynamics both at and beyond equilibrium.
Wavelength Division Multiplexing: A Practical Engineering Guide (2013)

In this book, Optical Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) is approached from a strictly practical and application-oriented point of view. Based on the characteristics and constraints of modern fiber-optic components, transport systems and fibers, the text provides relevant rules of thumb and practical hints for technology selection, WDM system and link dimensioning, and also for network-related aspects such as wavelength assignment and resilience mechanisms. Actual 10/40 Gb/s WDM systems are considered, and a preview of the upcoming 100 Gb/s systems and technologies for even higher bit rate
Back Cover: Bottom‐Up Synthetic Biology: Towards the Modular Design of Artifical Cells from Functional Modules (Adv. Biosys. 6/2019) (2019)

A bottom-up strategy allows for better control of the complexity of the objects of investigation, particularly the number of system components and the number of interactions, than experiments performed in a topdown manner. Thus, new combinations of natural and non-natural molecules can be studied. The authors hope that the articles herewith would inspire readers when thinking about new artificial cellular systems with exciting properties.
Thermal energy storage devices, systems, and thermal energy storage device monitoring methods (2023)

Thermal energy storage devices, systems, and thermal energy storage device monitoring methods are described. According to one aspect, a thermal energy storage device includes a reservoir configured to hold a thermal energy storage medium, a temperature control system configured to adjust a temperature of the thermal energy storage medium, and a state observation system configured to provide information regarding an energy state of the thermal energy storage device at a plurality of different moments in time.
Allylic Alcohols: Ideal Radical Allylating Agents? (2015)

ConspectusRadical allylations represent effective routes to various alkenes, but to date they have relied chiefly on organostannane derivatives and still suffer from significant limitations with respect to the substitution pattern of the starting allylating agent. Indeed, while substituents at the β-position relative to the radical leaving group are well-tolerated, introduction of α-substituents induces a major complication due to the rapid and usually irreversible isomerization of the starting allylating agents. Although a number of research groups have made substantial efforts to develop heavy-metal-free radical allylations, methods compatible with α-substitution of the allylating agent are still scarce. Furthermore, quite a few systems are limited by the relative inaccessibility of the substrates. This Account summarizes our sustained efforts regarding the development of allylic alcohols into “ideal” radical allylating agents and presents published as well as some unpublished results. The systems we have developed combine the use of readily available xanthates and allylic alcohol derivatives under metal-free conditions to furnish not only alkenes but also aldehydes and saturated and unsaturated ketones through the virtually unprecedented homolytic cleavage of the normally strong C–O or C–C bond. The former route hinges on first converting the allylic alcohol into a 2-fluoro-6-pyridoxy derivative by reacting the corresponding alcoholate with 2,6-difluoropyridine, while the latter relies on attaching a cumyl group to the carbon bearing the free allylic alcohol. Either substrate is then exposed to the action of a suitable xanthate in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a peroxide, usually lauroyl peroxide (DLP) in refluxing ethyl acetate or di-tert-butyl peroxide (TBHP) in refluxing chlorobenzene for the more difficult cases. Even though C–O or C–C bond homolysis leads to a stabilized 2-fluoro-6-pyridinyloxyl radical or a cumyl radical, respectively, the β-scission in both cases is relatively slow and at the lower limit of useful elementary radical steps. The kinetic barrier of the fragmentation can nevertheless be overcome because of the long relative lifetime of radicals generated by the degenerate transfer of the xanthate group, and this is a key element for success. This novel technology offers numerous advantages. The starting activated allylic alcohol derivatives are readily accessible in two steps from aldehydes or ketones. They can also be obtained by base-induced opening of epoxides. Numerous functional groups are tolerated under the mild reaction conditions for the radical addition–elimination, as nicely illustrated by over 150 examples of radical allylations, not all of which can be included in the present Account. In addition, substitution at both the α- and β-positions of the allylating agent is possible, a rare feature in this area.
Quantitative Parameter Mapping of Contrast Agent Concentration and Relaxivity and Brain Tumor Extracellular pH (2021)

Abstract In clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), gadolinium-based contrast agents are most commonly used for evaluating brain tumors. However, contrast-enhanced MRI can only provide relative signal changes such as mixed information with longitudinal relaxivity (r1) and contrast agent concentration. Herein, we present a new method to evaluate r1 and contrast agent concentration separately in contrast-enhanced lesions using quantitative parameter mapping. We demonstrated that it is possible to evaluate pathophysiological tumor changes owing to therapeutic efficacy. Furthermore, the r1 value can be used as an extracellular pH tumor marker. We believe that our method has an easy clinical application and demonstrates how acidic environments affect the T1 relaxation time of contrast agents. In conclusion, these indices can be useful for brain tumor management.
Photonic analog-to-digital converter powered by a generalized and robust convolutional recurrent autoencoder (2020)

We propose a convolutional recurrent autoencoder (CRAE) to compensate for time mismatches in a photonic analog-to-digital converter (PADC). In contrast of other neural networks, the proposed CRAE is generalized to untrained mismatches and untrained category of signals while remaining robust to system states. We train the CRAE using mismatched linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals with mismatches of 35 ps and 57 ps under one system state. It can effectively compensate for mismatches of both LFM and Costas frequency modulated signals with mismatches ranging from 35 ps to 137 ps under another system state. When the spur-free dynamic range (SFDR) of the unpowered PADC decreases from 10.2 dBc to -3.0 dBc, the SFDR of the CRAE-powered PADC is over 31.6 dBc.
Photodynamic Therapy of Murine Mastocytoma Induces Specific Immune Responses against the Cancer/Testis Antigen P1A (2013)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) involves the intravenous administration of photosensitizers followed by illumination of the tumor with visible light, leading to local production of reactive oxygen species that cause vascular shutdown and tumor cell death. Antitumor immunity is stimulated after PDT because of the acute inflammatory response that involves activation of the innate immune system, leading to stimulation of adaptive immunity. We carried out PDT using benzoporphyrin derivative and 690-nm light after 15 minutes, in DBA/2 mice bearing either the mastocytoma, P815, which expresses the naturally occurring cancer/testis antigen P1A, or the corresponding tumor P1.204 that lacks P1A expression. Tumor cures, significantly higher survival, and rejection of tumor rechallenge were obtained with P815, which were not seen with P1.204 or seen with P815 growing in nude mice. Both CD4 and CD8 T cells had higher levels of intracellular cytokines when isolated from mice receiving PDT of P815 tumors than P1.204 tumors and CD8 T cells from P815-cured mice recognized the peptide epitope of the P1A antigen (LPYLGWLVF) using pentamer staining. Taken together, these findings show that PDT can induce a potent antigen- and epitope-specific immune response against a naturally occurring mouse tumor antigen.
Systematic validation of the echo particle image velocimetry technique using a patient specific carotid bifurcation model (2008)

Full field opaque flow measurement technique has significant applications in evaluating details of cardiovascular hemodyamics non-invasively. Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (Echo PIV) is a simple-to-use method that has shown promising results in our previous in vitro studies on measurements of blood flow characteristics. So far, however, no systematic validation of Echo PIV in a realistic vascular anatomy against reference-standard methods has been done. In this paper, a patient-specific carotid bifurcation model was created using biplane angiography data from an adult human male. The model reproduced vascular geometry accurately, while allowing for both Optical PIV and Echo PIV to be performed on the same flow field. A pulsatile pump and a compliance chamber were used to produce physiologically realistic flow conditions with a peak velocity around 70 cm/s, heart rate of 75 beats/min, mean Reynolds number of 1484, and a Womersley number of 16.1. The Echo PIV measurements were validated by Optical PIV technique, a gold standard for velocity field measurement, in terms of velocity, flow rate and wall shear rate profiles at a few different positions in carotid artery. Results show that the Echo PIV measurements agreed well with Optical PIV results, with a mean error 7.7% +/- 3.5% for velocity profiles, and a mean error 9.2% +/- 5.7% for wall shear rate profiles.
Mammographic density defined by higher than conventional brightness thresholds better predicts breast cancer risk (2016)

The areas of higher mammographically dense regions are associated with almost 30% stronger breast cancer risk gradient, explain the risk association of the conventional measure and might be more aetiologically important. This has substantial implications for clinical translation and molecular, genetic and epidemiological research.
Improving saliva shotgun metagenomics by chemical host DNA depletion (2018)

Osmotic lysis followed by PMA treatment is a cost-effective, rapid, and robust method for enriching microbial sequence data in shotgun metagenomics from fresh and frozen saliva samples and may be extensible to other host-derived sample types.
Fluid Flow Past an Aperture in a Microfluidic Channel (2004)

Electroosmotically driven flow in neurotransmitter-based retinal prostheses offers a novel approach to interfacing the nervous system. Here, we show that electroosmotically driven flow in a microfluidic channel can be used either to eject or to withdraw fluid through a small aperture in the channel wall. We study this fluid movement numerically using a finite-element method and experimentally using microfabricated channels and apertures. Two devices are used to test the concept of fluid ejection and withdrawal: (1) a single, large channel with four apertures and (2) a prototype neural interface with four individually addressable apertures. We compared experimental and numerical results in microchannels using the observed pH dependence of the fluorescent dye fluorescein, finding good agreement between the results. Because of the simplicity and rapid response of electroosmotic flow, this technique may be useful for neurotransmitter-based neural interfaces.
Dual-junction single-photon avalanche diode (2007)

A new Geiger-mode single-photon detector, consisting of two p–n junctions, is presented. Owing the junctions&apos; placement and depth, the device achieves high fill-factors with an extended spectral response. The device makes it possible, for the first time, to integrate dual-colour single-photon counting in a single pixel, as desirable in cross-correlation fluorescence experiments.
Synthesis of Trinucleoside Diphosphates with Polynucleotide Phosphorylase* (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Trinucleoside Diphosphates with Polynucleotide Phosphorylase*Philip Leder, Maxine F. Singer, and Richard L. C. BrimacombeCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 8, 1561–1567Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00884a015https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00884a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Color tunable LED spot lighting (2006)

A new trend in illumination is to use dynamic light to set or dynamically vary the ambience of a room or office. For this we need color tunable spots that can reliably vary over at least a wide range of color temperatures, and preferably also more saturated colors. LEDs are in principle ideally suited for this application thanks to their nature of emitting light in a relatively narrow band. For color tunable spot lighting based on the concept of mixing RGB LED colors, the key results have been presented before. Limitations of these 3-intrinsic-color mixing systems with high color rendering properties are found in a limited operating temperature range due to wavelength shifts, a limited color temperature range, and a low maximum operating temperature due to a strong flux decrease with increasing temperature. To overcome these limitations, a 3-color R<sub>pc</sub>GB system with phosphor-converted red (R<sub>pc</sub>) and a 4-color RAGB system have been investigated. With both systems, a CRI of at least 80 can be maintained over the relevant color temperature range of approximately 2700 K to 6500 K. In this paper we compare these concepts on overall system aspects and report on the performance of prototype spot lamps. The main features of the RAGB and R<sub>pc</sub>GB spot lamp concepts can be summarized as: 1) The RAGB spot overcomes CRI and gamut shortcomings of RGB light sources and gives much freedom in wavelength selection, but suffers from temperature sensitivity and complex controls; 2) The R<sub>pc</sub>GB spot overcomes shortcomings concerning CRI and thermal dependence of RGB sources and enables relatively simple controls, but needs an improved overall red efficacy. With both color concepts, prototype spot lamps have been built. The amber to red emitting nitridosilicate-based phosphors can be wavelength-tuned for optimal performance, which is found at a peak emission around 610 nm for high color quality systems. This results in a simple and very robust system with good color consistency. For the RAGB system, a spot lamp has been developed, consisting of a 4-chip light source, an optical system with mixing rod that provides color homogenization and beam shaping, and an electronic drive and control unit based on temperature feed forward. Flux- and color-rendering performance can be tuned according to the application requirements.
Development of a New cryo-S(T)EM Technique Allowing Simultaneous STEM and SEM Imaging and its Application to Biological Samples (2021)

Abstract A new type of cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-S(T)EM) technique made possible by installing a new cryo-transfer holder and an anti-contamination trap on a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi SU9000) allowed simultaneous collection of both transmission (transmission electron microscopy, TEM) images and surface (scanning electron microscopy, SEM) images at -180°C. The ultimate temperatures of the cryo-transfer holder and the anti-contamination trap reached − 190°C and − 210°C, respectively, by applying a liquid nitrogen slush. The TEM images obtained by the new cryo-S(T)EM method showed quality equal or superior to that of images obtained by conventional 100 kV TEM, although the resolution did not improve at -180°C due to slight drifting of the sample stage. Cryo-S(T)EM also had the unexpected advantage of enabling observations of intracellular structures in thick frozen cells by accelerating the sublimation of ice surrounding the specimens. The spatial architecture of the cytoskeleton, poly-ribosome-chains, endoplasmic reticulum (ER), mitochondria, etc., became visible in thick frozen cells via sufficient (deep) sublimation of ice in combination with the unroofing method. In particular, it should be noted that the ER appeared as a wide and flat structure beneath the cell membrane while forming a large spatial network together with tubular ER.
Multisegmented One‐Dimensional Nanorods Prepared by Hard‐Template Synthetic Methods (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reduced obesity, diabetes, and steatosis upon cinnamon and grape pomace are associated with changes in gut microbiota and markers of gut barrier (2017)

Increasing evidence suggests that polyphenols have a significant potential in the prevention and treatment of risk factors associated with metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study was to assess the metabolic outcomes of two polyphenol-containing extracts from cinnamon bark (CBE) and grape pomace (GPE) on C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 wk. Both CBE and GPE were able to decrease fat mass gain and adipose tissue inflammation in mice fed a HFD without reducing food intake. This was associated with reduced liver steatosis and lower plasma nonesterified fatty acid levels. We also observed a beneficial effect on glucose homeostasis, as evidenced by an improved glucose tolerance and a lower insulin resistance index. These ameliorations of the overall metabolic profile were associated with a significant impact on the microbial composition, which was more profound for the GPE than for the CBE. At the genus level, Peptococcus were decreased in the CBE group. In the GPE-treated group, several key genera that have been previously found to be linked with HFD, metabolic effects, and gut barrier integrity were affected: we observed a decrease of Desulfovibrio, Lactococcus, whereas Allobaculum and Roseburia were increased. In addition, the expression of several antimicrobial peptides and tight junction proteins was increased in response to both CBE and GPE supplementation, indicating an improvement of the gut barrier function. Collectively, these data suggest that CBE and GPE can ameliorate the overall metabolic profile of mice on a high-fat diet, partly by acting on the gut microbiota.
Jam Sessions (2019)

Recent research advances in wireless security have shown that advanced jamming can significantly decrease the performance of wireless communications. In advanced jamming, the adversary intentionally concentrates the available energy budget on specific critical components (e.g., pilot symbols, acknowledgement packets, etc.) to (i) increase the jamming effectiveness, as more targets can be jammed with the same energy budget; and (ii) decrease the likelihood of being detected, as the channel is jammed for a shorter period of time. These key aspects make advanced jamming very stealthy yet exceptionally effective in practical scenarios. One of the fundamental challenges in designing defense mechanisms against an advanced jammer is understanding which jamming strategies yields the lowest throughput, for a given channel condition and a given amount of energy. To the best of our knowledge, this problem still remains unsolved, as an analytic model to quantitatively compare advanced jamming schemes is still missing in existing literature. To fill this gap, in this paper we conduct a comparative analysis of several most viable advanced jamming schemes in the widely-used MIMO networks. We first mathematically model a number of advanced jamming schemes at the signal processing level, so that a quantitative relationship between the jamming energy and the jamming effect is established. Based on the model, theorems are derived on the optimal advanced jamming scheme for an arbitrary channel condition. The theoretical findings are validated through extensive simulations and experiments on a 5-radio 2x2 MIMO testbed. Our results show that the theorems are able to predict jamming efficiency with high accuracy. Moreover, to further demonstrate that the theoretical findings are applicable to address crucial real-world jamming problems, we show that the theorems can be incorporated to state-of-art reinforcement-learning based jamming algorithms and boost the action exploration phase so that a faster convergence is achieved.