gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Cleavage of Highly Substituted 2‐Isoxazolines. Synthesis of Crispatic Acid. (1987)

Abstract The isoxazolines (I) are reductively cleaved to form the imines (II).
In Vitro Biodegradation and In Vivo Biocompatibility of Forsterite Bio-Ceramics: Effects of Strontium Substitution (2018)

The present study investigates the potential use of forsterite as an orthopedic biomaterial along with the role of strontium oxide (SrO) as a dopant. The <i>in vitro</i> degradation behavior was measured as a function of immersion time in simulated body fluid (SBF) for up to 8 weeks and was analyzed by micro computed tomography (μ-CT) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). All the doped samples showed higher degradation than pure sample. The <i>in vitro</i> cytocompatibility study showed good cytocompatibility and proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on Sr-doped MgS samples. The <i>in vivo</i> experiments were carried out by implanting the ceramics in a rabbit femur for 30 and 90 days. The 3D μ-CT and SEM images of 2 and 3 wt % Sr-doped MgS showed increased bone regeneration around the implant materials compared with pure and 1 wt % Sr-doped MgS, which was further confirmed by quantitative oxytetracycline labeling. The histological examination of three major organs of heart, kidney, and liver confirmed that the degradation product of the MgS ceramics, with or without doping, had no toxicological side effects. These results indicate that Sr-doped MgS bioceramics exhibit enhanced degradability with the potential to be used for temporary bone regeneration.
Modeling and Simulation of Motorcycle Ride Comfort Based on Bump Road (2010)

Through analyzing the motion when motorcycle runs on the bump road, the 5-DOF multi-body dynamics model of motorcycle is developed, the degrees of freedom include vertical displacement of sprung mass, rotation of sprung mass, vertical displacement of driver, and vertical displacement of front and rear suspension under sprung mass. According to Lagrange Equation, the differential equations of motion and state-space formulation are derived. Then bump road is simulated by triangle bump, and input displacement is programmed by MATLAB. With the input of bump road, motorcycle ride comfort is simulated, and the simulation results are verified by experiment results combined with two channels tire-coupling road simulator. It indicates that the simulation results and experiment results match well; the 5-DOF model has guidance for development of motorcycle ride comfort.
C. elegans homolog of tailless regulates male gonadal migration (2010)

Cell migrations are vital for the development of multicellular organisms and require precise spatial and temporal regulation. Interestingly, the migratory cell itself undergoes change during its migration, so temporal development is an important consideration in examining its dynamic cell biology. We are studying the male linker cell, an individual cell in C. elegans that directs the development of the male gonad by carrying out a complex, long‐range migration. During the mid‐third larval stage, we observed the downregulation of one of two C. elegans netrin receptors, unc‐5 . We show that this downregulation is required for the linker cell to respond differentially to netrin, an extracellular matrix protein present along the ventral bodywall when turning. During the fourth larval stage, we observe changes in linker cell shape, the membrane localization of the Rac homology, MIG‐2, and the expression of a zinc metalloprotease, zmp‐1 . In an RNAi screen of 508 transcription factors, we identified nhr‐67 , the ortholog of the Drosophila tailless and vertebrate Tlx genes, to be required for normal linker cell migration. We show that nhr‐67/tailless/Tlx functions cell autonomously in the linker cell to execute each of the third and fourth larval stage changes described. We propose that a series of transcriptional regulators, like nhr‐67/tailless/Tlx , controls temporal subsets of the linker cell migration program.
Electro-thermal modeling for junction temperature cycling-based lifetime prediction of a press-pack IGBT 3L-NPC-VSC applied to large wind turbines (2011)

Reliability is a critical criterion for multi-MW wind turbines, which are being employed with increasing numbers in wind power plants, since they operate under harsh conditions and have high maintenance cost due to their remote locations. In this study, the wind turbine grid-side converter reliability is investigated regarding IGBT lifetime based on junction temperature cycling for the grid-side press-pack IGBT 3L-NPC-VSC, which is a state-of-the art high reliability solution. In order to acquire IGBT junction temperatures for given wind power profiles and to use them in IGBT lifetime prediction, the converter electro-thermal model including electrical, power loss, and dynamical thermal models is developed with the main focus on the thermal modeling regarding converter topology, switch technology, and physical structure. Moreover, these models are simplified for their practical implementation in computation platforms. Finally, the converter lifetimes for wind power profiles are predicted using the IGBT lifetime model available. Hence, the developed electro-thermal model's suitability for the lifetime predictions is shown.
Li-ion battery materials: present and future (2014)

This review covers key technological developments and scientific challenges for a broad range of Li-ion battery electrodes. Periodic table and potential/capacity plots are used to compare many families of suitable materials. Performance characteristics, current limitations, and recent breakthroughs in the development of commercial intercalation materials such as lithium cobalt oxide (LCO), lithium nickel cobalt manganese oxide (NCM), lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (NCA), lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium titanium oxide (LTO) and others are contrasted with that of conversion materials, such as alloying anodes (Si, Ge, Sn, etc.), chalcogenides (S, Se, Te), and metal halides (F, Cl, Br, I). New polyanion cathode materials are also discussed. The cost, abundance, safety, Li and electron transport, volumetric expansion, material dissolution, and surface reactions for each type of electrode materials are described. Both general and specific strategies to overcome the current challenges are covered and categorized.
Modification of statistical threading in two-component pseudorotaxane melts using the amphiphilic approach and variations in the confinement geometry (2004)

Recently we described a coarse-grained model of poly(ethylene oxide) and then employed that model to study the amount of spontaneous threading of cyclic molecules by linear chains in the melt [C. A. Helfer, G. Xu, W. L. Mattice, and C. Pugh, Macromolecules 36, 10071 (2003)]. Since the amount of statistical threading at equilibrium is small, there is interest in identifying physical changes in the system that will increase the threading. We now use that coarse-grained model to investigate the effect on threading of various hypothetical (but feasible) modifications to the two-component system of macrocycles and linear chains in the melt, and different confinement geometries, that can bring about correlations in the arrangement of the rings. Our work follows on the concept of an amphiphilic approach [C. Pugh, J.-Y. Bae, J. R. Scott, and C. L. Wilkins, Macromolecules 30, 8139 (1997)] for increasing the statistical threading in homopolyrotaxane melts. We investigate whether introducing such correlations in the macrocycles can increase the spontaneous threading. This paper shows that some of our modifications can yield more than double the amount of threading seen in purely statistical mixing.
OP026 Comparative effectiveness of vedolizumab and TNF-antagonist therapy in ulcerative colitis: a multicentre consortium propensity score-matched analysis (2018)

We aimed to compare the effectiveness of vedolizumab (VDZ) to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-antagonist therapy for ulcerative colitis (UC). Using a multicentre, US-based consortium of UC patients treated with VDZ or TNF-antagonist therapy, we performed propensity score matching (1:1) accounting for age, sex, prior UC-related hospitalisation within the previous year, disease extent, disease severity, steroid refractoriness or dependence, and prior TNF-antagonist failure. Treatment response was categorised using the physician global assessment. Using Cox proportional hazard models, we compared cumulative rates of clinical remission (complete resolution of UC-related symptoms), steroid-free remission (on steroids at baseline, tapered off, no repeat steroid prescription for 4 weeks), and endoscopic healing (Mayo endoscopic subscore of 0 or 1). Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are reported for VDZ compared with TNF-antagonist therapy. The propensity score model accurately predicted treatment status (area under curve 0.73). Of 646 UC patients, 334 were included after matching (n = 167 VDZ,; 49% male; median age 36 years). After adjusting for concomitant steroid use, concomitant immunomodulator (azathioprine, 6-mercaptopurine, methotrexate) use, and number of prior TNF-antagonists used, VDZ-treated patients had statistically significant higher 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission (54% vs. 37%; HR 1.54, 95% CI 1.08–2.18) and endoscopic healing (50% vs. 42%, HR 1.73, 95% CI 1.10–2.73). Cumulative 12-month rates for steroid-free remission were numerically higher for VDZ-treated patients, but not statistically significant (49% vs. 38%; HR 1.43, 95% CI 0.79–2.60), These findings were consistent when stratified by disease extent and prior TNF-antagonist exposure. After accounting for measurable disease and patient-specific characteristics that may impact biologic effectiveness, we observed that VDZ-treated UC patients had significantly higher 12-month cumulative rates of clinical remission and endoscopic healing, and numerically higher steroid-free remission rates, when compared with TNF-antagonist–treated patients. Randomised controlled trial data are needed to confirm these findings. Statistical analyses were conducted at the University of California, San Diego. Research funding was provided in part by Takeda Pharmaceuticals U.S.A., Inc.
Induction of Interferon-Stimulated Genes by IRF3 Promotes Replication of Toxoplasma gondii (2015)

Innate immunity is the first line of defense against microbial insult. The transcription factor, IRF3, is needed by mammalian cells to mount innate immune responses against many microbes, especially viruses. IRF3 remains inactive in the cytoplasm of uninfected cells; upon virus infection, it gets phosphorylated and then translocates to the nucleus, where it binds to the promoters of antiviral genes and induces their expression. Such genes include type I interferons (IFNs) as well as Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs). IRF3-/- cells support enhanced replication of many viruses and therefore, the corresponding mice are highly susceptible to viral pathogenesis. Here, we provide evidence for an unexpected pro-microbial role of IRF3: the replication of the protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondii, was significantly impaired in IRF3-/- cells. In exploring whether the transcriptional activity of IRF3 was important for its pro-parasitic function, we found that ISGs induced by parasite-activated IRF3 were indeed essential, whereas type I interferons were not important. To delineate the signaling pathway that activates IRF3 in response to parasite infection, we used genetically modified human and mouse cells. The pro-parasitic signaling pathway, which we termed PISA (Parasite-IRF3 Signaling Activation), activated IRF3 without any involvement of the Toll-like receptor or RIG-I-like receptor pathways, thereby ruling out a role of parasite-derived RNA species in activating PISA. Instead, PISA needed the presence of cGAS, STING, TBK1 and IRF3, indicating the necessity of DNA-triggered signaling. To evaluate the physiological significance of our in vitro findings, IRF3-/- mice were challenged with parasite infection and their morbidity and mortality were measured. Unlike WT mice, the IRF3-/- mice did not support replication of the parasite and were resistant to pathogenesis caused by it. Our results revealed a new paradigm in which the antiviral host factor, IRF3, plays a cell-intrinsic pro-parasitic role.
Enzymatic resolution of cis- and trans-4-hydroxycyclopent-2-enylmethanol derivatives and a novel preparation of carbocyclic 2′,3′-dideoxydidehydronucleosides and aristeromycin (1991)

The (1R, 4S)-acetate 3 and the (1S, 4S)-alcohol 5 have been obtained optically pure by lipase catalysed esterification: compounds 3 and 5 have been converted into carbocyclic dideoxydidehydronucleosides and aristeromycin 9.
Aortic 4D flow: quantifying the effects of contrast and field strength at 1.5 T, 3T and 7T (2014)

4D aortic flow is feasible at 7 Tesla and yields substantial SNR improvements over lower field strengths. Future work will exploit this higher SNR to explore improved spatial and/or temporal resolution.
Development of long operating cycle simplified BWR (2002)

This paper describes an innovative plant concept for long operating cycle simplified BWR (LSBWR) In this plant concept, 1) Long operating cycle ( 3 to 15 years), 2) Simplified systems and building, 3) Factory fabrication in module are discussed. Designing long operating core is based on medium enriched U-235 with burnable poison. Simplified systems and building are realized by using natural circulation with bottom located core, internal CRD and PCV with passive system and an integrated reactor and turbine building. This LSBWR concept will have make high degree of safety by IVR (In Vessel Retention) capability, large water inventory above the core region and no PCV vent to the environment due to PCCS (Passive Containment Cooling System) and internal vent tank. Integrated building concept could realize highly modular arrangement in hull structure (ship frame structure), ease of seismic isolation capability and high applicability of standardization and factory fabrication. (authors)
Establishing Causality With Whitened Cross-Correlation Analysis (2007)

In many biomedical applications, it is important to determine whether two recorded signals have a causal relationship and, if so, what the nature of that relationship is. Many advanced techniques have been proposed to characterize this relationship, but in practice simple techniques such as cross-correlation analysis are used. Unfortunately, the traditional cross-correlation analysis is influenced by the autocorrelation of the signals as much as it is by the relationship between the signals. Practically, this results in the cross correlation suggesting that the signals are correlated over a broad range of lags. Prewhitening the signals overcomes this limitation and reveals the essentially causal relationship between the signals. This is a simple method that can also easily generalize cross-correlation analysis to nonstationary signals, which are frequently encountered in biomedical applications. This technique has been used in other fields, but remains mostly undiscovered in biomedical research. In the case of a purely causal relationship, we show that whitened cross-correlation analysis is equivalent to directly estimating the all-pass component of the transfer function that relates the signals. We give examples of this type of analysis applied to several biomedical applications to demonstrate some of the new insights and information that can be produced by this type of analysis.
LoRD-Net: Unfolded Deep Detection Network With Low-Resolution Receivers (2021)

The need to recover high-dimensional signals from their noisy low-resolution quantized measurements is widely encountered in communications and sensing. In this paper, we focus on the extreme case of one-bit quantizers, and propose a deep detector entitled LoRD-Net for recovering information symbols from one-bit measurements. Our method is a model-aware data-driven architecture based on deep unfolding of first-order optimization iterations. LoRD-Net has a task-based architecture dedicated to recovering the underlying signal of interest from the one-bit noisy measurements without requiring prior knowledge of the channel matrix through which the one-bit measurements are obtained. The proposed deep detector has much fewer parameters compared to black-box deep networks due to the incorporation of domain-knowledge in the design of its architecture, allowing it to operate in a data-driven fashion while benefiting from the flexibility, versatility, and reliability of model-based optimization methods. LoRD-Net operates in a blind fashion, which requires addressing both the non-linear nature of the data-acquisition system as well as identifying a proper optimization objective for signal recovery. Accordingly, we propose a two-stage training method for LoRD-Net, in which the first stage is dedicated to identifying the proper form of the optimization process to unfold, while the latter trains the resulting model in an end-to-end manner. We numerically evaluate the proposed receiver architecture for one-bit signal recovery in wireless communications and demonstrate that the proposed hybrid methodology outperforms both data-driven and model-based state-of-the-art methods, while utilizing small datasets, on the order of merely ∼ 500 samples, for training.
Multienergy Photon-counting K-edge Imaging: Potential for Improved Luminal Depiction in Vascular Imaging (2008)

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether spectral computed tomography (CT) has the potential to improve luminal depiction by differentiating among intravascular gadolinium-based contrast agent, calcified plaque, and stent material by using the characteristic k edge of gadolinium. A preclinical spectral CT scanner with a photon-counting detector and six energy threshold levels was used to scan a phantom vessel. A partially occluded stent was simulated by using a calcified plaque isoattenuated to a surrounding gadolinium chelate solution. The reconstructed images showed an effective isolation of the gadolinium with subsequent clear depiction of the perfused vessel lumen. The calcified plaque and the stent material are suppressed.
Monte-Carlo Simulations of Centrifugal Gas Separation (2004)

The use of a Monte-Carlo formalism in a centrifugal gas process separation simulation provides an efficient predictor of dew-pointing as a function of the imposed radial pressure gradient. Previously, this was done by simply calculating radial pressure and then resorting to a separate equation of state routine for evaluating whether condensation will occur or not. In our model, we incorporate the potential energy associated with rotation of a gas element into the simulation along with molecular interaction terms. This enables us to predict when sufficient nucleation has occurred that condensed material forms--an important limit for stable operation of a gas centrifuge.
2P1-U06 An Operation Method for Five-Fingered Powered Prostheses with 5 Degrees of Freedom using Joint Displacement Information of Toes(Welfare Robotics and Mechatronics(4)) (2012)

The EMG information is mainly used for the interface of powered prostheses. However, it is difficult to bend fingers to a specified angle like a human. In this paper, five fingers are selected from ten fingers of feet for operating powered prosthesis's fingers. This system is to operate each finger of powered prostheses by obtaining joint displacement information of the fingers of feet. The joint displacement information is obtained with the five bend sensors. This proposed method makes it possible to operate each finger of powered prostheses independently.
Kv1.1 channels mediate network excitability and feed-forward inhibition in local amygdala circuits (2021)

K<sub>v</sub>1.1 containing potassium channels play crucial roles towards dampening neuronal excitability. Mice lacking K<sub>v</sub>1.1 subunits (Kcna1<sup>-/-</sup>) display recurrent spontaneous seizures and often exhibit sudden unexpected death. Seizures in Kcna1<sup>-/-</sup> mice resemble those in well-characterized models of temporal lobe epilepsy known to involve limbic brain regions and spontaneous seizures result in enhanced cFos expression and neuronal death in the amygdala. Yet, the functional alterations leading to amygdala hyperexcitability have not been identified. In this study, we used Kcna1<sup>-/-</sup> mice to examine the contributions of K<sub>v</sub>1.1 subunits to excitability in neuronal subtypes from basolateral (BLA) and central lateral (CeL) amygdala known to exhibit distinct firing patterns. We also analyzed synaptic transmission properties in an amygdala local circuit predicted to be involved in epilepsy-related comorbidities. Our data implicate K<sub>v</sub>1.1 subunits in controlling spontaneous excitatory synaptic activity in BLA pyramidal neurons. In the CeL, K<sub>v</sub>1.1 loss enhances intrinsic excitability and impairs inhibitory synaptic transmission, notably resulting in dysfunction of feed-forward inhibition, a critical mechanism for controlling spike timing. Overall, we find inhibitory control of CeL interneurons is reduced in Kcna1<sup>-/-</sup> mice suggesting that basal inhibitory network functioning is less able to prevent recurrent hyperexcitation related to seizures.
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy: 10 steps toward a successful procedure. (2009)

Vaginal and laparoscopic hysterectomies have been clearly associated with decreased blood loss, shorter hospital stay, speedier return to normal activities, and fewer abdominal wall infections when compared with abdominal hysterectomies. In this review, the authors outline the 10 steps to a successful laparoscopic hysterectomy.
Nitric oxide is proangiogenic in the retina and choroid* (2002)

Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to have proangiogenic or antiangiogenic effects depending upon the setting. In this study, we used mice with targeted deletion of one of the three isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to investigate the effects of NO in ocular neovascularization. In transgenic mice with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in photoreceptors, deficiency of any of the three isoforms caused a significant decrease in subretinal neovascularization, but no alteration of VEGF expression. In mice with laser-induced rupture of Bruch's membrane, deficiency of inducible NOS (iNOS) or neuronal NOS (nNOS), but not endothelial NOS (eNOS), caused a significant decrease in choroidal neovascularization. In mice with oxygen-induced ischemic retinopathy, deficiency of eNOS, but not iNOS or nNOS caused a significant decrease in retinal neovascularization and decreased expression of VEGF. These data suggest that NO contributes to both retinal and choroidal neovascularization and that different isoforms of NOS are involved in different settings and different disease processes. A broad spectrum NOS inhibitor may have therapeutic potential for treatment of both retinal and choroidal neovascularization.
Recent results on long-wavelength VCSELs: Device structures, performance and applications (2012)

We are presenting an overview of InP and GaSb based VCSEL devices in the long-wavelength range. Device structures and performances regarding high-power, tunability and high-speed are discussed by focusing on telecommunication, safety and medical applications.