gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prosodic feature generation for back-channel prediction (2006)

Using prosodic information to predict when back-channels are appropriate in spontaneous dialogs has become somewhat of a reference problem for automatic discovery techniques. Here we present experiments with two ideas: the use of features derived from randomly generated pitch and energy filters, and the use of instancebased learning, specifically the Locally Weighted Linear Regression (LWLR) algorithm. For the task of predicting possible backchannel locations in Iraqi Arabic [6], we obtain 22% precision and 51% recall, which is as good as that obtained using a laboriously developed and hand-tuned rule.
Ablation of Persephin Receptor Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor α4 Impairs Thyroid Calcitonin Production in Young Mice (2006)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor family receptor (GFRalpha) 4, the binding receptor for persephin, is coexpressed with the signaling Ret receptor tyrosine kinase predominantly in thyroid calcitonin-producing C cells. We show by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry that the functional, glycolipid-anchored form of GFRalpha4 is produced in mouse only in the C cells but not in parathyroid gland or in the brain. C cells expressed functional GFRalpha4 throughout postnatal development, whereas Ret expression in these cells decreased postnatally and was undetectable in adults. To understand the physiological role of GFRalpha4, we produced GFRalpha4-deficient [knockout (KO)] mice. No differences were observed between wild-type and GFRalpha4-KO littermate animals in growth, gross behavior, or viability. The number and morphology of the thyroid C cells were indistinguishable between the genotypes in both newborn and adult age. However, thyroid tissue calcitonin content was reduced by 60% in newborn and by 45% in 3-wk-old GFRalpha4-KO mice compared with wild-type controls. In contrast, thyroid calcitonin levels were similar in adult animals. Consistent with the reduced calcitonin levels, bone formation rate in juvenile GFRalpha4-KO mice was increased. In conclusion, this study indicates a novel role for endogenous GFRalpha4 signaling in regulating calcitonin production in thyroid C cells of young mice.
Call for Papers: DARK Classics in Chemical Neuroscience (2017)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTCall for Papers: DARK Classics in Chemical NeuroscienceCraig W. LindsleyCite this: ACS Chem. Neurosci. 2017, 8, 9, 1812Publication Date (Web):September 20, 2017Publication History Published online20 September 2017Published inissue 20 September 2017https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00306https://doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00306editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2017 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views3537Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (159 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Chemical neuroscience,Neuroscience,Pharmaceuticals,Pharmacology Get e-Alerts
Multi-view learning based robust collimation detection in digital radiographs (2014)

In X-ray examinations, it is essential that radiographers carefully use collimation to the appropriate anatomy of interest to minimize the overall integral dose to the patient. The shadow regions are not diagnostically meaningful and could impair the overall image quality. Thus, it is desirable to detect the collimation and exclude the shadow regions to optimize image display. However, due to the large variability of collimated images, collimation detection remains a challenging task. In this paper, we consider a region of interest (ROI) in an image, such as the collimation, can be described by two distinct views, a cluster of pixels within the ROI and the corners of the ROI. Based on this observation, we propose a robust multi-view learning based strategy for collimation detection in digital radiography. Specifically, one view is from random forests learning based <i>region detector</i>, which provides pixel-wise image classification and each pixel is labeled as either in-collimation or out-of-collimation. The other view is from a discriminative, learning-based <i>landmark detector</i>, which detects the corners and localizes the collimation within the image. Nevertheless, given the huge variability of the collimated images, the detection from either view alone may not be perfect. Therefore, we adopt an adaptive view fusing step to obtain the final detection by combining region and corner detection. We evaluate our algorithm in a database with 665 X-ray images in a wide variety of types and dosages and obtain a high detection accuracy (95%), compared with using region detector alone (87%) and landmark detector alone (83%).
The role of plasma rotation on MHD instabilities in tokamaks (1993)

An improved analysis of the linear stage of the internal kink mode has been developed to include plasma rotation and finite aspect ratio effects. The linear instabiliy growth rates are increased by the plasma rotation. A pseudo-variational, bilinear formalism is used to discretize the linear instability equations; Fourier decomposition is used in the periodic coordinate, and a mixed-finite element procedure is adopted in the radial direction. The numerical studies with the resulting PEST-like code can be used to predict the complex plasma eigenfrequencies. The finite aspect ratio results are similar to the large aspect ratio results for flow instability. The complex instability frequencies found in the ``fishbone`` and TAE modes would be strong determined by the large plasma rotation velocities observed in present-day tokamak devices. These effects could be studied by using the computationally convenient bilinear form derived from the Frieman-Rotenberg equation.
23.2 A 40A Shunt-Based Current Sensor with ±0.2% Gain Error from −40°C to 125°C and Self-Calibration (2023)

Low-cost metal (e.g., PCB trace) shunts can be used to make accurate current sensors ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&lt;$</tex> 1 % gain error) [1–3]. However, their reported maximum operating temperature <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(85^{\mathrm{\circ}}\mathrm{C})$</tex> is not high enough for automotive applications, and at higher temperatures, shunt resistance may exhibit increased drift, especially at high current levels. This paper presents a metal-shunt-based current sensor with a wide temperature range and a stable on-chip reference current <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\mathrm{I} _{\text{REF}})$</tex> source for shunt self-calibration. By employing a continuous-time (CT) front-end, it achieves an input noise density of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$14\text{nV}/\sqrt{}\text{Hz}$</tex> while consuming only <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$280\mu \mathrm{A}$</tex> , making it <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$&gt; 10\times$</tex> more energy efficient than prior art [1], [2], with comparable gain error <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\pm0.2\%)$</tex> over a wider current <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(\pm 40\mathrm{A})$</tex> and temperature <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$(-40^{\mathrm{\circ}}\mathrm{C}$</tex> to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">$125^{\mathrm{\circ}}\mathrm{C})$</tex> range.
Cross-ISA machine emulation for multicores (2017)

Speed, portability and correctness have traditionally been the main requirements for dynamic binary translation (DBT) systems. Given the increasing availability of multi-core machines as both emulation guests and hosts, scalability has emerged as an additional design objective. It has however been an elusive goal for two reasons: contention on common data structures such as the translation cache is difficult to avoid without hurting performance, and instruction set architecture (ISA) disparities between guest and host (such as mismatches in the memory consistency model and the semantics of atomic operations) can compromise correctness. In this paper we address these challenges in a simple and memory-efficient way, demonstrating a multi-threaded DBT-based emulator that scales in an architecture-independent manner. Furthermore, we explore the trade-offs that exist when emulating atomic operations across ISAs, and present a novel approach for correct and scalable emulation of load-locked/store-conditional instructions based on hardware transactional memory (HTM). By adding around 1000 lines of code to QEMU, we demonstrate the scalability of both user-mode and full-system emulation on a 64-core x86_64 host running x86_64 guest code, and a 12-core, 96-thread POWER8 host running x86_64 and Aarch64 guest code.
CNN-Based Energy Learning for MPP Object Detection in Satellite Images (2022)

This article presents a method combining marked point processes and convolutional neural networks in order to detect small objects in optical satellite images. In this setting, objects are scattered densely: the energy based formulation of a point process allows us to factor in priors to account for object interactions. Classical marked point process approaches use contrast measures to account for object location and shape, which prove limited in complex scenes. Instead, we use convolutional neural networks to learn energy terms that are more resilient to object and context visual diversity. Finally we present a procedure to learn the relative weights of prior and likelihood terms. We test our approach on remote sensing images and compare it to contrast based approaches. Code is available at https://github.com/Ayana-Inria/MPP_CNN_RS_object_detection.
Invariance in an optoelectronic implementation of neural networks (1990)

International audience
Evaluation of germination, distribution, and persistence of Bacillus subtilis spores through the gastrointestinal tract of chickens (2014)

Spores are popular as direct-fed microbials, though little is known about their mode of action. Hence, the first objective of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro germination and growth rate of Bacillus subtilis spores. Approximately 90% of B. subtilis spores germinate within 60 min in the presence of feed in vitro. The second objective was to determine the distribution of these spores throughout different anatomical segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in a chicken model. For in vivo evaluation of persistence and dissemination, spores were administered to day-of-hatch broiler chicks either as a single gavage dose or constantly in the feed. During 2 independent experiments, chicks were housed in isolation chambers and fed sterile corn-soy-based diets. In these experiments one group of chickens was supplemented with 10(6) spores/g of feed, whereas a second group was gavaged with a single dose of 10(6) spores per chick on day of hatch. In both experiments, crop, ileum, and cecae were sampled from 5 chicks at 24, 48, 72, 96, and 120 h. Viable B. subtilis spores were determined by plate count method after heat treatment (75°C for 10 min). The number of recovered spores was constant through 120 h in each of the enteric regions from chickens receiving spores supplemented in the feed. However, the number of recovered B. subtilis spores was consistently about 10(5) spores per gram of digesta, which is about a 1-log10 reduction of the feed inclusion rate, suggesting approximately a 90% germination rate in the GIT when fed. On the other hand, recovered B. subtilis spores from chicks that received a single gavage dose decreased with time, with only approximately 10(2) spores per gram of sample by 120 h. This confirms that B. subtilis spores are transiently present in the GIT of chickens, but the persistence of vegetative cells is presently unknown. For persistent benefit, continuous administration of effective B. subtilis direct-fed microbials as vegetative cells or spores is advisable.
Low plasma carnosinase activity promotes carnosinemia following (2012)

21 Objectives A polymorphism in the CNDP1 gene, resulting in decreased plasma carnosinase activity, 22 is associated with a reduced risk for diabetic nephropathy. Because carnosine, a natural 23 scavenger/suppressor of reactive oxygen species, AGE’s and reactive aldehydes, is readily degraded 24 in blood by the highly active carnosinase enzyme, it has been postulated that low serum carnosinase 25 activity might be advantageous to reduce diabetic complications. The aim of this study was to 26 examine whether a low carnosinase activity promotes circulating carnosine levels following 27 carnosine supplementation in humans. 28 Methods Blood and urine was sampled, in 25 healthy subjects following acute supplementation 29 with 60mg/kg BW carnosine. Pre-cooled EDTA tubes were used for blood withdrawal and plasma 30 samples were immediately deproteinized and analyzed for carnosine and beta-alanine by HPLC. 31 CNDP1 genotype, baseline plasma carnosinase activity and protein content were assessed. 32 Results Upon carnosine ingestion, 8 of the 25 subjects (= responders) displayed a measurable 33 increase in plasma carnosine up to 1h following supplementation. Subjects with no measurable 34 increment in plasma carnosine (= non-responders) had an approximately 2-fold higher plasma 35 carnosinase protein content and an approximately 1.5-fold higher activity compared to the 36 responders. The urinary carnosine recovery was 2.6-fold higher in the responders versus non37 responders and was negatively dependent on both the activity and protein content of the plasma 38 carnosinase enzyme. 39 Conclusion A low plasma carnosinase activity promotes the presence of circulating carnosine upon 40 an oral challenge. These data may further clarify the link between CNDP1 genotype, carnosinase 41 and diabetic nephropathy. 42
Improving lookup latency in distributed hash table systems using random sampling (2005)

Distributed hash table (DHT) systems are an important class of peer-to-peer routing infrastructures. They enable scalable wide-area storage and retrieval of information, and will support the rapid development of a wide variety of Internet-scale applications ranging from naming systems and file systems to application-layer multicast. DHT systems essentially build an overlay network, but a path on the overlay between any two nodes can be significantly different from the unicast path between those two nodes on the underlying network. As such, the lookup latency in these systems can be quite high and can adversely impact the performance of applications built on top of such systems. In this paper, we discuss a random sampling technique that incrementally improves lookup latency in DHT systems. Our sampling can be implemented using information gleaned from lookups traversing the overlay network. For this reason, we call our approach lookup-parasitic random sampling (LPRS). LPRS converges quickly, and requires relatively few modifications to existing DHT systems. For idealized versions of DHT systems like Chord, Tapestry, and Pastry, we analytically prove that LPRS can result in lookup latencies proportional to the average unicast latency of the network, provided the underlying physical topology has a power-law latency expansion. We then validate this analysis by implementing LPRS in the Chord simulator. Our simulations reveal that LPRS-Chord exhibits a qualitatively better latency scaling behavior relative to unmodified Chord. The overhead of LPRS is one sample per lookup hop in the worst case. Finally, we provide evidence which suggests that the Internet router-level topology resembles power-law latency expansion. This finding implies that LPRS has significant practical applicability as a general latency reduction technique for many DHT systems. This finding is also of independent interest since it might inform the design of latency-sensitive topology models for the Internet.
Thoracic Vertebral Screw Impingement on the Aorta in an In Vivo Bovine Model (2005)

Major impingement of vertebral screws on the aorta caused acute and chronic histopathologic and biomechanical changes in the vessel wall. This model represents a severe form of vessel penetration by a screw that confirms such a "worst case" scenario results in marked compromise of the vessel wall integrity. The sequelae of less severe impingement are unknown.
Inhibition of cough reflex sensitivity by diphenhydramine during acute viral respiratory tract infection (2015)

Our results provide the initial evidence of the ability of diphenhydramine to inhibit cough reflex sensitivity in subjects with acute pathological cough. Timing of cough reflex sensitivity measurement may not have allowed demonstration of maximal antitussive effect of dextromethorphan.
Thermomechanical Polymer Binder Reactivity with Positive Active Materials for Li Metal Polymer and Li-Ion Batteries: An XPS and XPS Imaging Study (2019)

The lithium and lithium-ion battery electrode chemical stability in the pristine state has rarely been considered as a function of the binder choice and the electrode processing. In this work, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and XPS imaging analyses associated with complementary Mössbauer spectroscopy are used in order to study the chemical stability of two pristine positive electrodes: (i) an extruded LiFePO<sub>4</sub>-based electrode formulated with different polymer matrices [polyethylene oxide and a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF)] and processed at different temperatures (90 and 130 °C, respectively) and (ii) a Li[Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.3</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> (NMC)-based electrode processed by tape-casting, followed by a mild or heavy calendering treatment. These analyses have allowed the identification of reactivity mechanisms at the interface of the active material and the polymer in the case of PVdF-based electrodes.
The Importance of Reference Gene Analysis of Formalin-Fixed, (2014)

Objective: Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction is efficient for quantification of gene expression, but the choice of reference genes is of paramount importance as it is essential for correct interpretation of data. This is complicated by the fact that the materials often available are routinely collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples in which the mRNA is known to be highly degraded. The purpose of this study was to investigate 22 potential reference genes in sarcoma FFPE samples and to study the variation in expression level within different samples taken from the same tumor and between different histologic types. Methods: Twenty-nine patients treated for sarcoma were enrolled. The samples encompassed 82 (FFPE) specimens. Extraction of total RNA from 7-μm FFPE sections was performed using a fully automated, bead-base RNA isolation procedure, and 22 potential reference genes were analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative realtime polymerase chain reaction. The stability of the genes was analyzed by RealTime Statminer. The intrasamples variation and the interclass correlation coefficients were calculated. The linear regression model was used to calculate the degradation of the mRNA over time. Results: The quality of RNA was sufficient for analysis in 84% of the samples. Recommended reference genes differed with histologic types. However, PPIA, SF3A1, and MRPL19 were stably expressed regardless of the histologic type included. The variation in Cq value for samples from the same patients was similar to the variation between patients. It was possible to compensate for the timedependent degradation of the mRNA when normalization was made using the selected reference genes. Conclusion: PPIA, SF3A1, and MRPL19 are suitable reference genes for normalization in gene expression studies of FFPE samples from sarcoma regardless of the histology.
Oligonucleotide-based therapy as a potential new pharmacotherapy. (2000)

Recent progress in molecular biology has provided new techniques to inhibit target gene expression. Especially, the application of DNA technology such as antisense strategy to regulate the transcription of disease-related genes in vivo has important therapeutic potential. Recently, transfection of cis-element double-stranded (ds) oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) (= decoy) as a powerful tool in a new class of anti-gene strategies for gene therapy and the study of transcriptional regulation has been reported. Transfection of ds ODN corresponding to cis sequence will result in the attenuation of authentic cis-trans interaction, leading to the removal of trans-factors from the endogenous cis-elements with subsequent modulation of gene expression. This "decoy" strategy is not only a novel strategy for gene therapy as an anti-gene strategy, but also a powerful tool for the study of endogenous gene regulation in vivo as well as in vitro. In this article, we reviewed 1) the mechanisms, and 2) potential applications of decoy strategy.
Synthesis of Pyrochlore‐Free 0.9Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐0.1PbTiO 3 Ceramics via a Soft Mechanochemical Route (1997)

Single‐phase perovskite 0.9Pb(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 ‐0.1PbTiO 3 (0.9PMN–0.1 PT) from a stoichiometric mixture of starting materials was synthesized by applying a mechanochemical technique to the stage of a precursor. A stoichiometric mixture of PbO, TiO 2 , Mg(OH) 2 , and Nb 2 O 5 was milled for 60 min and heated at temperatures as low as 850°C for 4 h to obtain a single phase. The maximum dielectric constant of the samples from the milled mixture increased as the sintering temperature increased, with the remarkable grain growth, and attained 24600 at 1200°C. In contrast, poor densification and coexistence of the pyrochlore phase were observed on the samples from the nonmilled mixture. Further observation suggested that the pyrochlore phase concentrated near the surface during sintering and then migrated into the PbZrO 3 packing powder, leading to a pyrochlore–free phase at 1250°C. The dielectric constant of the latter ceramics was explained by the series mixing rule for the dielectric constant of a diphasic solid.