gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Viscoelastic Surfactant Fluid System Incorporating Nanochemistry for High-Temperature Gravel Packing Applications (2018)

Abstract Viscoelastic Surfactant (VES) fluids have been used in many openhole gravel packing applications with the shunt tube technique as they offer several advantages over polymeric fluids. However, existing VES fluids have temperature limitations. The objective of this work was to develop a new viscoelastic surfactant (VES) based fluid for gravel packing wells with temperature up to 325°F while retaining the advantages of existing VES fluids. The new fluid system consists of a surfactant, a cosurfactant, and a nanoadditive. The performance of the new fluid system was evaluated in laboratory experiments up to 325°F. The properties studied and discussed in this paper are shear recovery time, rheology (viscosity versus shear rates), gravel suspension, and core retained permeabilities. The optimization of the final fluid formulation based on sensitivity of the target properties to concentration of each component is also detailed in the paper. The new VES-based gravel pack carrier fluid incorporating a nanoadditive showed significantly improved performance at elevated temperatures compared with conventional fluids. In particular, while the conventional VES fluids do not meet the gravel suspension requirement, the new fluid system is able to suspend the gravel under static conditions up to 325°F. In addition, the viscosity at low shear rates is improved while the viscosity at high shear rates is comparable to existing VES fluids. Tests with outcrop cores of varying permeabilities demonstrated the fluid's minimal formation damage. The complete VES fluid system with nanoadditive was found to be compatible with both monovalent and divalent brines at densities up to 14.0 lbm/gal. As such, it is a more cost-effective alternative to xanthan-based carrier fluids, which are incompatible with inexpensive calcium brines and thus necessitate sodium bromide or formate brines depending on the density requirements. Based on the extensive laboratory study, it can be concluded that the new fluid system outperforms conventional VES gravel pack carrier fluids at high temperatures while retaining the benefits of the conventional VES fluids. The new fluid system significantly extends the temperature limit of VES-based gravel packing carrier fluids. The fluid system can also be used with many completion brines and mixed at a wide density range, making it an excellent alternative to conventional polymeric fluids used in gravel packing applications.
Off-tumor IDO1 target engagements determine the cancer-immune set point and predict the immunotherapeutic efficacy (2021)

PET imaging of IDO1 with <sup>11</sup>C-l-1MTrp is a robust method to assess the therapeutic efficacy of multiple combinatorial immunotherapies, improving our understanding of the merit and challenges of IDO1 regimens. Further validation of this animal data in humans is ongoing. We envision that our results will provide a potential precision medicine paradigm for noninvasive visualizing each patient's individual response in combinatorial cancer immunotherapy, and tailoring optimal personalized combination strategies.
Defending Against Web Application Attacks: Approaches, Challenges and Implications (2017)

Some of the most dangerous web attacks, such as Cross-Site Scripting and sql injection, exploit vulnerabilities in web applications that may accept and process data of uncertain origin without proper validation or filtering, allowing the injection and execution of dynamic or domain-specific language code. These attacks have been constantly topping the lists of various security bulletin providers despite the numerous countermeasures that have been proposed over the past 15 years. In this paper, we provide an analysis on various defense mechanisms against web code injection attacks. We propose a model that highlights the key weaknesses enabling these attacks, and that provides a common perspective for studying the available defenses. We then categorize and analyze a set of 41 previously proposed defenses based on their accuracy, performance, deployment, security, and availability characteristics. Detection accuracy is of particular importance, as our findings show that many defense mechanisms have been tested in a poor manner. In addition, we observe that some mechanisms can be bypassed by attackers with knowledge of how the mechanisms work. Finally, we discuss the results of our analysis, with emphasis on factors that may hinder the widespread adoption of defenses in practice.
Piezomagnetism as a counterpart of the magnetovolume effect in magnetically frustrated Mn-based antiperovskite nitrides (2017)

Electric-field control of magnetization promises to substantially enhance the energy efficiency of device applications ranging from data storage to solid-state cooling. However, the intrinsic linear magnetoelectric effect is typically small in bulk materials. In thin films, electric-field tuning of spin-orbit-interaction phenomena (e.g., magnetocrystalline anisotropy) has been reported to achieve a partial control of the magnetic state. Here we explore the piezomagnetic effect (PME), driven by frustrated exchange interactions, which can induce a net magnetization in an antiferromagnet and reverse its direction via elastic strain generated piezoelectrically. Our ab initio study of PME in Mn-based antiperovskite nitrides identified an extraordinarily large PME in ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{SnN}$ available at room temperature. We explain the magnitude of PME based on features of the electronic structure and show an inverse proportionality between the simulated zero-temperature PME and the magnetovolume effect at the magnetic (N\'eel) transition measured by Takenaka et al. in nine antiferromagnetic ${\mathrm{Mn}}_{3}\mathrm{AN}$ systems.
Ultralow chirping short optical pulse (16 ps) generation in gain-coupled distributed feedback semiconductor lasers (1991)

We describe optical short pulse generation in novel gain-coupled distributed feedback (GC-DFB) semiconductor lasers by using a simple electrically pumped gain switching method. An optical pulse as short as 16 ps has been obtained from a 130 ps current pulse. The most exciting result is that the lasers keep single longitudinal mode oscillation with very low wavelength chirping (∼0.12 nm) during the gain switching operation. From the optical pulse width and the amount of the wavelength chirping, we have estimated the α parameter of the GC-DFB laser to be less than 1.6.
Multimodal Biomarkers That Predict the Presence of Gleason Pattern 4: Potential Impact for Active Surveillance (2023)

Two grade group classifiers with superior accuracy were developed by incorporating RNA and DNA features and validated in an independent cohort. Upon further validation in biopsy samples, classifiers with these performance characteristics could refine selection of men for active surveillance, extending their treatment-free survival and intervals between surveillance.
Ultrasound Time-Harmonic Elastography of the Pancreas (2020)

Pancreatic ultrasound THE has high repeatability and provides excellent imaging contrast based on SWS, allowing detection of PDAC without overlap to nontumorous pancreatic tissue.
Frontispiz: A CO Adsorption Site Change Induced by Copper Substitution in a Ruthenium Catalyst for Enhanced CO Oxidation Activity (2019)

Heterogene Katalyse. In ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 2252 ff. demonstrieren H. Kitagawa et al., dass das Verringern der CO-Adsorptionsenergie an Ru-Atomen durch Legieren mit Cu-Atomen die CO-Oxidationsaktivität von CuxRu1−x-Nanopartikeln erhöht.
Mapping the role of sexuality in adolescent mental health (2022)

BackgroundIndividuals who belong to a sexual minority are at greater risk of adverse health and social outcomes. These effects are observed during adolescence, when many mental health problems, such as depression, first emerge. Here, we employed a network analytic approach to explore the role that sexual minority status plays in the links between depression, interpersonal difficulties and health-risk behaviours in a large sample of mid-adolescents. MethodsA mixed graphical model was estimated on data from 8017 14-year-olds from the UK’s Millennium Cohort Study, of which 490 self-identified as belonging to a sexual minority. We computed measures of node predictability and centrality, and compared edge weight differences within the network. Shortest path analyses determine the shortest path from sexual minority status to other nodes in the network. Finally, consensus community detection was used to identify subgroups of adolescents who demonstrated distinct profiles of adverse outcomes. ResultsSexual minority status was highly central in the network. The largest edge was between sexual minority status and depression, and this was significantly larger than all other edges. Sexual minority status also had direct links with peer and conduct problems. The shortest path to smoking and drug use occurred via conduct problems. The shortest path to drinking, poor social support and closeness with parents and victimisation occurred via depression. Three distinct profiles of adverse outcomes were identified within sexual minority adolescents: increased peer and conduct problems; higher smoking, drinking and drug use; and elevated depression and victimisation with poor social and parental support.ConclusionsSexual minority status is highly connected to multiple adverse outcomes, sometimes directly, sometimes indirectly. The largest single association was between sexual minority status and depression, and this link mediated multiple negative associations with being in a sexual minority. Finally, our identification of subgroups highlighted individual differences in adverse outcomes.
The atomic-scale microstructure of metal halide perovskite elucidated via low-dose electron microscopy (2021)

Understanding the atomic-scale crystallographic properties of photovoltaic semiconductor materials such as silicon, GaAs, and CdTe has been essential in their development from interesting materials to largescale energy conversion industries. However, studying photoactive hybrid perovskites by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has proved particularly challenging due to the large electron energies typically employed in these studies.
Solubilization and Adsolubilization of Pyrrole by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: Polypyrrole Formation on Alumina Surfaces (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubilization and Adsolubilization of Pyrrole by Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate: Polypyrrole Formation on Alumina SurfacesGary P. Funkhouser, Maria P. Arevalo, Daniel T. Glatzhofer, and Edgar A. O'RearCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 5, 1443–1447Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/la00005a007RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views347Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Measurement of Nanomaterials in Foods: Integrative Consideration of Challenges and Future Prospects (2014)

The risks and benefits of nanomaterials in foods and food contact materials receive conflicting international attention across expert stakeholder groups as well as in news media coverage and published research. Current nanomaterial characterization is complicated by the lack of accepted approaches to measure exposure-relevant occurrences of suspected nanomaterials in food and by broad definitions related to food processing and additive materials. Therefore, to improve understanding of risk and benefit, analytical methods are needed to identify what materials, new or traditional, are "nanorelevant" with respect to biological interaction and/or uptake during alimentary tract transit. Challenges to method development in this arena include heterogeneity in nanomaterial composition and morphology, food matrix complexity, alimentary tract diversity, and analytical method limitations. Clear problem formulation is required to overcome these and other challenges and to improve understanding of biological fate in facilitating the assessment of nanomaterial safety or benefit, including sampling strategies relevant to food production/consumption and alimentary tract transit. In this Perspective, we discuss critical knowledge gaps that must be addressed so that measurement methods can better inform risk management and public policy.
A 400 Gb/s O-band WDM (8×50 Gb/s) Silicon Photonic Ring Modulator-based Transceiver (2020)

We present a 400 (8×50) Gb/s-capable RM-based Si-photonic WDM O-band TxRx with 1.17nm channel spacing for high-speed optical interconnects and demonstrate successful 50Gb/s-NRZ TxRx operation achieving a ~4.5dB Tx extinction ratio under 2.15Vpp drive.
Thymic microenvironments for T cell repertoire formation (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Environment Still Matters: Examining Person-Place-Relationships in the Old and the New Normal Across Settings (2021)

Abstract In environmental gerontology, the home and the neighborhood have always been of particular interest for empirical research. Issues such as orientation and safety, place attachment and biographical bonding, have proven to be important for community dwellings older adults and for those living in care homes. However, with Covid-19, the seemingly stable person-place-relationships have been challenged. This symposium provides a set of applied research contributions that demonstrate the persistent salience of the environment by examining person-place-relationships in the old and the new normal in private homes and care homes. Contributions draw from ideas of “precarious ageing” (Grenier &amp; Phillipson) and “pandemic precarity”, for instance to understand housing insecurity, while concepts from environmental gerontology are used to explain processes of environmental agency and belonging. The first contribution by Mahmood and colleagues introduces an environmental audit tool for people at risk of homelessness to assess built environmental features of housing and neighborhood that support housing stability in the face of insecurity. Second, Wanka provides data from people framed as ‘risk-groups’ through the Covid-19 pandemic and how they dealt with contact restrictions, showing the role of intergenerational neighborhood relations to mediate risks of pandemic precariousness. Third, Elkes examined mobility and wayfinding challenges for residents in a long-term care home and subsequent environmental interventions to improve orientation. Forth, Leontowitsch and colleagues present findings from long-term care home residents during the pandemic to gain understanding of their experiences of social isolation and a biographical sense of resilience. Finally, Amanda Grenier will serve as the session’s discussant.
A Model for the Set Statistics of RRAM Inspired in the Percolation Model of Oxide Breakdown (2013)

The set voltage distribution of Pt/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /Pt resistive switching memory is shown to fit well a Weibull model with Weibull slope and scale factor increasing logarithmically with the resistance measured at the set point. Gaining inspiration from the percolation model of oxide breakdown, a physics-based model for the V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">set</sub> statistics is proposed. The results of the model are completely consistent with the experimental results and demonstrate the need of a strong reset to get large Weibull slope that provides some relief to the strong requirements imposed by the set speed-read disturb dilemma.
Optimal control of an adaptive segmented mirror (1988)

The optimum feedback matrix for a general segmented mirror adaptive optics system is derived assuming the use of two different wavefront sensors. The system is assumed to be used as an imaging telescope encountering wavefront degradations due to both propagation through a turbulent atmosphere and mirror figure errors such as segment misalignment. The first study is for a sensor that measures the average wavefront gradient over each segment, as a Hartmann sensor might do. The second case assumes that the instantaneous phase derivatives in the x and y directions are measured at an array of discrete locations over the mirror aperture. A shearing interferometer wavefront sensor could provide this type of data. In both cases a feedback matrix is derived that converts the measured data into linear displacements for the actuators positioned on the back of the segments. The feedback matrix derived is optimum in the sense that the mean residual wavefront variance is minimized. This optimization assumes knowledge of the statistics of the atmospherically induced aberrations, the mirror figure errors, and the wavefront sensor errors.
Lifetime Measurements on Attached Epilayers and Detached Epifoils Grown on Reorganised Porous Silicon Showing a Bulk Lifetime Exceeding 100 μs (2013)

This paper discusses on-going efforts towards reliable lifetime measurements on epilayers and the subsequent decoupling of the bulk and surface recombination components, both while it is still attached to the p+ substrate on which it is grown (“attached epilayer”) and after its detachment from the substrate (“detached epifoil”). For the “attached epilayers”, microwave photoconductance decay (^-PCD) and simulation-assisted photoluminescence (sim-PL) were applied together with a variation in the epilayer thickness to evaluate the bulk lifetime (Tbulk) and total effective surface recombination velocity (Stot) of p-type epilayers. By applying linear fits to reciprocal effective lifetime versus reciprocal epilayer thickness data, Stot of all samples were reliably extracted, resulting in Stot of ∼265 cm/s in the absence of porous silicon at the epilayer/substrate interface compared to ∼9220 cm/s when present and ∼775 cm/s when shielded by a thin back surface field. Based on these Stot values, sim-PL was used to estimate Tbulk to be ∼160 |us in the porous silicon area. For the n-type “detached epifoils”, quasi-steady state photoconductance (QSSPC) was used. However, reliable Tbulk could not be extracted, despite the lower Stot because Tbulk was too high. However, a lower limit to Tbulk was estimated to be >138 μs. Such high bulk lifetimes imply bulk diffusion lengths that are an order of magnitude longer than the epilayer thicknesses, potentially leading to high cell efficiencies.
Measurement of the ratio of branching fractions B(B0→K⁎0γ)/B(Bs0→ϕγ) and the direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ (2012)

The ratio of branching fractions of the radiative B decays B0→K⁎0γ and Bs0→ϕγ has been measured using an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb−1 of pp collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of s=7 TeV. The value obtained isB(B0→K⁎0γ)B(Bs0→ϕγ)=1.23±0.06 (stat.)±0.04 (syst.)±0.10(fs/fd), where the first uncertainty is statistical, the second is the experimental systematic uncertainty and the third is associated with the ratio of fragmentation fractions fs/fd. Using the world average value for B(B0→K⁎0γ), the branching fraction B(Bs0→ϕγ) is measured to be (3.5±0.4)×10−5. The direct CP asymmetry in B0→K⁎0γ decays has also been measured with the same data and found to beACP(B0→K⁎0γ)=(0.8±1.7 (stat.)±0.9 (syst.))%. Both measurements are the most precise to date and are in agreement with the previous experimental results and theoretical expectations.
New sustained release dosage form of chlorhexidine for dental use (1983)

This study was carried out to examine the release kinetics of chlorhexidine from a sustained release device (S. R. D.) prepared from ethyl cellulose (fast S. R. D.) or ethyl cellulose with polyethylene glycol (slow S. R. D.) and to examine the effects on the bacterial flora of pockets in patients with periodontal disease. It was shown that fast S. R. D.'s release up to 80% of the chlorhexidine within the first 3 days in insertion in periodontal pockets, whereas the slow S. R. D.'s release 50% of the chlorhexidine content after 6 days. The release kinetics of chlorhexidine from S. R. D.'s placed in pockets as expressed by the Higuchi system (Higuchi 1963) indicate that it is diffusion controlled. The rate of chlorhexidine release is dependent on the structure of S. R. D., the drag concentration within the device, and the effective surface area. The microbial flora of sixteen pockets from 6 patients were examined using darkfield microscopy at day 0, 3, 10, and 14 after treatment with S. R. D.'s containing, chlorhexidine or placebo S. R. D.'s. The pocket depths ranged from 5–8 mm. The chlorhexidine‐treated group showed a marked decrease in the relative proportions of motile rods and spirochetes and a corresponding increase in non‐motile organisms compared to the flora prior to chlorhexidine treatment or compared to the flora of the placebo treated pockets. These differences were significant up to 10 days post treatment (P &lt; 0.0025). The study indicated the effectiveness of ethyl cellulose polymers as S. R. D.'s in vivo and their ability to reduce the relative proportions of the motile organisms of periodontal pockets to negligible amounts.
Electrical transport via variable range hopping in an individual multi-wall carbon nanotube (2008)

E-beam lithography is used to make four leads on an individual multi-wall carbon nanotube for carrying out electrical transport measurements. Temperature dependence of conductance of an individual multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWNT) is studied over a temperature range of (297–4.8 K). The results indicate that the conduction is governed by variable range hopping (VRH) for the entire temperature range (297–4.8 K). This VRH mechanism changes from three dimensions (3D) to two dimensions (2D) as we go down to 70 K. Three-dimensional variable range hopping (3D VRH) is responsible for conduction in the temperature range (297–70 K), which changes to two-dimensional VRH for much lower temperatures (70–4.8 K). For 3D VRH, various Mott parameters such as density of states, hopping distance and hopping energy have been calculated. The 2D VRH mechanism has been applied for the temperature range (70–4.8 K) and, with the help of this model, the parameters such as localization length and hopping distance are calculated. All these parameters give interesting information about this complex structure, which may be useful for many applications.