gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Excel Spreadsheets To Promote Interactive Engagement In Semiconductor Device Courses (2020)

The development and initial implementation of a prototype "virtual laboratory" based on Microsoft Excel spreadsheets with associated Visual Basic for Applications modules is described for use in semiconductor device courses for engineering undergraduates. The spreadsheets use graphical methods to illustrate quantities such as charge densities, electric field profiles, electrostatic potentials, energy band diagrams, carrier concentrations, current density plots, and related quantities for various semiconductor devices, including pn junctions, bipolar junction transistors, MOS capacitors (including both electrostatics and capacitance-voltage characteristics), MOSFETs, and also for semiconductor statistics. The students can use scrollbars and other ActiveX controls interactively to adjust device parameters such as doping levels, applied bias voltages, layer widths, and temperature, and immediately visualize the effects of those changes on the device behavior. Interactive exercises using these spreadsheets have also been developed. The initial use and assessment of these tools using student examination and homework scores, student teaching evaluations, focus groups, and a special web-based Device Concept Inventory developed in this project are described.
Microcontact Printing-Based Fabrication of Digital Microfluidic Devices (2006)

Digital microfluidics is a fluid manipulation technique in which discrete droplets are actuated on patterned arrays of electrodes. Although there is great enthusiasm for the application of this technique to chemical and biological assays, development has been hindered by the requirement of clean room fabrication facilities. Here, we present a new fabrication scheme, relying on microcontact printing (microCP), an inexpensive technique that does not require clean room facilities. In microCP, an elastomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) stamp is used to deposit patterns of self-assembled monolayers onto a substrate. We report three different microCP-based fabrication techniques: (1) selective etching of gold-on-glass substrates; (2) direct printing of a suspension of palladium colloids; and (3) indirect trapping of gold colloids from suspension. In method 1, etched gold electrodes are used for droplet actuation; in methods 2 and 3, colloid patterns are used to seed electroless deposition of copper. We demonstrate, for the first time, that digital microfluidic devices can be formed by microCP and are capable of the full range of digital microfluidics operations: dispensing, merging, motion, and splitting. Devices formed by the most robust of the new techniques were comparable in performance to devices formed by conventional methods, at a fraction of the fabrication time. These new techniques for digital microfluidics device fabrication have the potential to facilitate expansion of this technology to any research group, even those without access to conventional microfabrication tools and facilities.
Effect of methionine on xanthan formation byXanthomonas campestris (1987)

In Xanthomonas campestris cultures the xanthan formation is reduced by about 40% by the addition of methionine in quantities as small as 1.3 mM. Structural analogues of this amino acid exhibit a similar inhibitory effect on polysaccharide formation. Xanthan formation is also influenced in non-growing cells: cells precultured with methionine synthesize less xanthan than cells precultured without methionine. It therefore follows that apparently the composition of the cell is altered resulting in an altered flow of glucose. In accordance with this, cells grown with methionine excrete a greater portion of carbohydrates with Mrs smaller than xanthan.
Effect of Pressure with Wall Heating in Annular Two-Phase Flow (2000)

The local distributions of void fraction, interfacial frequency and velocity have been measured in annular flow of R-134a through a wall-heated, high aspect ratio duct. High aspect ratio ducts provide superior optical access to tubes or irregular geometries. This work expands upon earlier experiments conducted with adiabatic flows in the same test section. Use of thin, transparent heater films on quartz windows provided sufficient electrical power capacity to produce the full range of two-phase conditions of interest. With wall vapor generation, the system pressure was varied from 0.9 to 2.4 MPa, thus allowing the investigation of flows with liquid-to-vapor density ratios covering the range of about 7 to 27, far less than studied in air-water and similar systems. There is evidence that for a given cross-sectional average void fraction, the local phase distributions can be different depending on whether the vapor phase is generated at the wall, or upstream of the test section inlet. In wall-heated flows, local void fraction profiles measured across both the wide and narrow test section dimensions illustrate the profound effect that pressure has on the local flow structure; notably, increasing pressure appears to thin the wall-bounded liquid films and redistribute liquid toward the edges of the test section. This general trend is also manifested in the distributions of mean droplet diameter and interfacial area density, which are inferred from local measurements of void fraction, droplet frequency and velocity. At high pressure, the interfacial area density is increased due to the significant enhancement in droplet concentration.
Graph Sample and Hold: A Framework for Big-Graph Analytics (2014)

Sampling is a standard approach in big-graph analytics; the goal is to efficiently estimate the graph properties by consulting a sample of the whole population. A perfect sample is assumed to mirror every property of the whole population. Unfortunately, such a perfect sample is hard to collect in complex populations such as graphs (e.g. web graphs, social networks etc), where an underlying network connects the units of the population. Therefore, a good sample will be representative in the sense that graph properties of interest can be estimated with a known degree of accuracy. While previous work focused particularly on sampling schemes used to estimate certain graph properties (e.g. triangle count), much less is known for the case when we need to estimate various graph properties with the same sampling scheme. In this paper, we propose a generic stream sampling framework for big-graph analytics, called Graph Sample and Hold (gSH). To begin, the proposed framework samples from massive graphs sequentially in a single pass, one edge at a time, while maintaining a small state. We then show how to produce unbiased estimators for various graph properties from the sample. Given that the graph analysis algorithms will run on a sample instead of the whole population, the runtime complexity of these algorithm is kept under control. Moreover, given that the estimators of graph properties are unbiased, the approximation error is kept under control. Finally, we show the performance of the proposed framework (gSH) on various types of graphs, such as social graphs, among others.
Carbohydrates: From &#x2018;Chirons&#x2019; to New Glycosubstances (2004)

Synthesis of C-glycosides, C-linked saccharides and new glycosubstances has been the subject of considerable interest in carbohydrate, enzymatic and metabolic chemistry, since some of such compounds exhibit exciting biological properties. As a consequence, the design and implementation of stereo selective strategies for preparing bio-active carbohydrates became a prominent issue. This article is mainly aimed at the presentation of the research findings of our group on the synthesis of C-alkyl and C-aryl glycosides, higher sugars; ‘de novo’ construction of disaccharides from furanyl and propargyl sugars; [3+3] annulation routes to carbocycles and pseudo saccharides; 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition to isoxazolidine sugars and saccharides; radical routes to spiro acetal saccharides and ulosonic acid derivatives. Keywords: Carbohydrates, 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, spiro acetal saccharides, C-aryl glycosides
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF 2‐AMINO‐3‐AZIRIDINO‐1,4‐NAPHTHOQUINONES (1981)

Abstract Die Thermolyse von Amino‐aziridino‐naphthochinonen wird untersucht.
Patient-reported urinary incontinence following stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for clinically localized prostate cancer (2014)

Prostate SBRT was well tolerated with UI rates comparable to conventionally fractionated radiotherapy and brachytherapy. More than 90% of men who were pad-free prior to treatment remained pad-free three years following treatment. Less than 10% of men felt post-treatment UI was a moderate to big problem at any time point following treatment. Longer term follow-up is needed to confirm late effects.
High-Performance, Biobased, Jet Fuel Blends Containing Hydrogenated Monoterpenes and Synthetic Paraffinic Kerosenes (2020)

Three biorenewable monoterpenes, α-pinene, limonene, and sabinene, were hydrogenated to generate cycloalkane blendstocks. The saturated terpenes, along with the high density multicyclic fuels JP-10 and RJ-4, were then blended with three different synthetic paraffinic kerosenes (SPKs) in various proportions. The SPKs consisted of HEFA-Jet (a complex mixture of acyclic hydrocarbons generated by hydrotreatment of fatty acids and esters), 5-methylundecane (5-MU, a C12 hydrocarbon that can be generated from bioethanol), and DMO (a C10 branched chain hydrocarbon that can be derived from acyclic monoterpenes, including myrcene and linalool). Blends were limited to <50% cycloalkane by volume with a focus on fuels combining densities higher than the minimum requirement for Jet-A (>0.775 g mL-1), −40 °C kinematic viscosities <12.0 mm2 s–1, and gravimetric net heats of combustion (NHOCs) > 42.80 MJ kg-1. Through this approach, high-performance jet fuels with gravimetric NHOCs of up to 43.68 MJ kg-1 (2.1% higher than the lower limit for Jet-A) or volumetric NHOCs of up to 36.05 MJ L-1 (8.7% higher than the lower limit for Jet-A) could be produced. These biobased, zero-aromatic jet fuels have the potential to deliver enhanced performance compared to Jet-A, while reducing the environmental impact of commercial and military aviation.
Peptides 1998, Proceedings of the 25th European Peptide Symposium (1999)

International audience
Insulin in Human Milk and the Use of Hormones in Infant Formulas (2013)

Human milk contains a substantial number of hormones and growth factors. Studies in animal models show that some of these peptides (e.g. insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, IGF-1, epidermal growth factors) have an effect on the small intestine after orogastric administration. Recently, two efforts were made to incorporate growth factors into infant formulas. One of these efforts included the incorporation of IGF-1, and the second is an ongoing effort to evaluate the safety and efficacy of incorporating insulin into infant formulas. The rational and current evidence for adding insulin to infant formulas (presence in human milk, effects of orally administrated insulin on gut maturation, intestinal permeability, systemic effects and preliminary encouraging results of supplementing insulin to a preterm infant formula) is detailed in this review. If the addition of insulin to preterm infant formulas indeed results in better growth and accelerated intestinal maturation, future studies will need to address the supplementation of insulin in term infants and assess the efficacy of such supplementation in enhancing gut maturation and prevention of later noncommunicable diseases such as allergy, autoimmune diseases and obesity.
Nucleus Tractus Solitarii: Integrating Structures (1999)

Presently, many researchers have adopted a reductionistic approach to physiology. Specifically, this involves studies on acutely isolated or cultured cells. While this is essential for our understanding of important cellular and subcellular mechanisms, it should not be forgotten that physiology is about the function of an integrating body. One view point is that definitive interpretations can only be made by crossing boundaries of physiology from the molecular/ cellular to the systems/behavioural level. An aim of this lecture will stress the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to physiology, that is, ‘putting the cell back into the system’. The lecture attempts to demonstrate why this is important for enhancing the functional significance and relevance of physiological data as well as for validating predictions.
Harmonization of light scatter and fluorescence flow cytometry profiles obtained after staining peripheral blood leucocytes for cell surface‐only versus intracellular antigens with the Fix & Perm™ reagent (2009)

Staining for intracellular markers with the Fix & Perm reagent is associated with variations in the scatter properties of leucocytes, limiting automated analysis of flow cytometry (FCM) data. Here, we investigated those variables significantly contributing to changes in the light scatter, autofluorescence, and bcl2 staining characteristics of peripheral blood (PB) leucocytes, after fixation with Fix & Perm. Our major aim was to evaluate a new mathematical approach for automated harmonization of FCM data from datafiles corresponding to aliquots of a sample treated with cell-surface-only versus Fix & Perm intracellular staining techniques. Overall, neither the anticoagulant used nor sample storage for <24 h showed significant impact on the light scatter and fluorescence properties of PB leucocytes; similarly, the duration of the fixation period (once >15 min were used) had a minimum impact on the FCM properties of PB leucocytes. Conversely, changes in cell/protein concentrations and the fixative/sample (vol/vol) ratio had a clear impact on the light scatter features of some populations of leucocytes. Accordingly, lower cell/protein concentrations were associated with lower scatter values, particularly for the neutrophils. Such changes could be partially corrected through the use of higher fixative to sample volume ratios. Despite the variable changes detected between aliquots of the same sample treated with cell surface-only versus intracellular staining procedures, the new mathematical approach here proposed and evaluated for automated harmonization of common parameters in both datafiles, could correct the FCM profiles of leucocytes derived from cells undergoing conventional fixation/permeabilization procedures, and made them indistinguishable from those corresponding to aliquots of the same sample treated with cell-surface-only staining techniques.
Effects of the digitization to the printed collection policies (2017)

Purpose The recent changes in the knowledge economy and scientific knowledge dissemination have put academic libraries in a new situation. The demand for open access of scientific publications and the increasing amount of documents published need a new paradigm in the collection policies and collection building strategies of the academic libraries. At the same time the resources allocated to the academic institutions have been decreasing which has caused the need to reallocate the resources in the collection building and management as effectively as possible. The purpose of this paper is to analyse how the use of data compiled from different sources, such as statistics and assessing user experience, as a tool for analysing the effectiveness of the library’s economic resources and how this has effected on the use of the libraries. Design/methodology/approach Statistical and trend analysis based on Finnish academic library collections database. Findings The Finnish academic libraries have made a rapid transition to the digital dissemination of documents. At the same time the national services have enabled the long-time preservation of less used printed materials and have enabled the libraries to save premise costs. Research limitations/implications Modeling the findings to other countries maybe difficult because of the specific characteristics of the Finnish academic environment. Practical implications Gives examples on managing the shift from a printed to a digital library. Originality/value Evidence based tools for collection cost management.
A novel method for electrically isolated impingement cooling of high-power diode laser bars (2022)

High Power Diode Laser Bars serve as the foundation for many high-power laser systems used in manufacturing and research. Efficient heat removal is essential for reducing cost per watt by increasing available output power or extending the effective lifetime of these devices. In this paper we will introduce a novel method for electrically isolated water impingement cooling of high-power diode laser bars operating in the 975nm region. We will present results from 58 emitter diode laser bars operating in the 975nm region with CW output power levels exceeding 500W and a thermal resistivity of less than 0.12 K/W.
Minimizing Convergence Error in Multi-Agent Systems via Leader\n Selection: A Supermodular Optimization Approach (2013)

In a leader-follower multi-agent system (MAS), the leader agents act as\ncontrol inputs and influence the states of the remaining follower agents. The\nrate at which the follower agents converge to their desired states, as well as\nthe errors in the follower agent states prior to convergence, are determined by\nthe choice of leader agents. In this paper, we study leader selection in order\nto minimize convergence errors experienced by the follower agents, which we\ndefine as a norm of the distance between the follower agents' intermediate\nstates and the convex hull of the leader agent states. By introducing a novel\nconnection to random walks on the network graph, we show that the convergence\nerror has an inherent supermodular structure as a function of the leader set.\nSupermodularity enables development of efficient discrete optimization\nalgorithms that directly approximate the optimal leader set, provide provable\nperformance guarantees, and do not rely on continuous relaxations. We formulate\ntwo leader selection problems within the supermodular optimization framework,\nnamely, the problem of selecting a fixed number of leader agents in order to\nminimize the convergence error, as well as the problem of selecting the\nminimum-size set of leader agents to achieve a given bound on the convergence\nerror. We introduce algorithms for approximating the optimal solution to both\nproblems in static networks, dynamic networks with known topology\ndistributions, and dynamic networks with unknown and unpredictable topology\ndistributions. Our approach is shown to provide significantly lower convergence\nerrors than existing random and degree-based leader selection methods in a\nnumerical study.\n
Analogs of 3-Hydroxy-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione:  Structure−Activity Relationship atN-Methyl-d-aspartate Receptor Glycine Sites (1996)

A series of aromatic and azepine ring-modified analogs of 3-hydroxy-1H-1-benzazepine-2,5-dione (HBAD) were synthesized and evaluated as antagonists at NMDA receptor glycine sites. Aromatic ring-modified HBADs were generally prepared via a Schmidt reaction with substituted 2-methoxynaphthalene-1,4-diones followed by demethylation. Electrophilic aromatic substitution of benzazepine 3-methyl ethers gave 7-substituted analogs. The preparation of multiply substituted 2-methoxynaphthalene-1,4-diones was effected via Diels-Alder methodology utilizing substituted butadienes with 2-methoxybenzoquinones followed by aromatization. Structural modifications, such as elimination of the aromatic ring, removal of the 3-hydroxyl group, and transfer of the hydroxyl group from C-3 to C-4, were also studied. An initial evaluation of NMDA antagonism was performed using a [3H]MK801 binding assay. HBADs demonstrating NMDA antagonist activity as indicated by inhibition of [3H]MK801 binding were further evaluated employing a [3H]-5,7-dichlorokynurenic acid (DCKA) glycine site binding assay. Selected HBADs were characterized for functional antagonism of NMDA and AMPA receptors using electrophysiological assays in Xenopus oocytes and cultured rat cortical neurons. Antagonist potency of HBADs showed good correlation between the different assay systems. HBADs substituted at the 8-position possessed the highest potency with the 8-methyl (5), 8-chloro (6), and 8-bromo (7) analogs being the most active. For HBAD 6, the IC50 in [3H]-DCKA binding assays was 0.013 microM and the Kb values for antagonism of NMDA receptors in oocytes (NR1a/2C) and cortical neurons were 0.026 and 0.048 microM, respectively. HBADs also antagonized AMPA-preferring non-NMDA receptors expressed in oocytes but at a lower potency than corresponding inhibition of NMDA receptors. HBADs demonstrating a high potency for NMDA glycine sites showed the highest steady-state selectivity index relative to AMPA receptors. Substitution at the 6-, 7-, and 9-positions generally reduced or eliminated glycine site affinity. Moving the hydroxyl group from C-3 to C-4 reduced receptor affinity, and potency was eliminated by the removal of the aromatic ring or the hydroxyl group. These data indicate that the HBAD series has specific structural requirements for high receptor affinity. With the exception of substitution at C-8, modified HBADs generally have a lower affinity at NMDA receptor glycine sites than the parent compound 3. Mouse maximum electroshock-induced seizure studies show that the three HBADs selected for testing have in vivo potency with the 6,8-dimethyl analog (52) being the most potent (ED50 = 3.9 mg/kg, iv).
Salt intakes in patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (2008)

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Role of spleen macrophages in the clearance of scrapie agent early in pathogenesis (2000)

The involvement of spleen macrophages in the early stages of scrapie pathogenesis was studied by applying the 'macrophage-suicide technique' to scrapie-infected mice. This method comprises critically the intravenous administration to mice of dichloromethylene disphosphonate encapsulated into liposomes. Depletion of spleen macrophages before scrapie infection induced an increased amount of scrapie inoculum in the spleen, consequently leading to accelerated scrapie agent replication in the early phase of pathogenesis, as followed by PrPres accumulation, a specific hallmark of scrapie. The same effect was observed when spleen macrophages were depleted just before the beginning of scrapie agent replication. These findings suggest that macrophages may partly control scrapie infection in peripheral tissues by sequestration of the scrapie inoculum and may thus impair early scrapie agent replication in the spleen. In addition to macrophages, most follicular dendritic cells and B lymphocytes, which are thought to support scrapie agent replication, were also transiently depleted by dichloromethylene disphosphonate administration. This suggests that a compensatory mechanism is sufficient to ensure the persistence of infection in these early stages of pathogenesis.
Characterization of Fungal Cellulases for Fiber Modification (1998)

Monocomponent recombinant fungal cellulases have recently been introduced in the textile and detergent industries. Via cloning from many fungal sources we have obtained a wide range of cellulases from family 5, 6, 7, 12 and 45 cellulases. Family 45 (EG V) is the most aggressive; family 7 (EG I) the least aggressive endoglucanase. EG V cellulases were found in more than 50 fungal sources, e.g. Myceliophthora, Thielavia, Macrophomina, Crinipellis and Acremonium. The properties of five of these new cloned endoglucanases were compared with EG V from Humicola insolens. They all showed color clarification in detergent and good abrasion on denim. The performance of EG I from Fusarium, Myceliophthora and Humicola is alike: very little tensile strength loss and only little abrasion; only loose microfibrils are removed. These enzymes can be used in detergents (particularly for soil removal), for stonewashing (backstain control), or in deinking of used paper.