gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of Cascaded Multilevel Converter for Wave Energy Applications (2022)

This paper proposes a control scheme for a wave energy conversion system based on a linear generator and a cascaded multilevel converter. The mechanical conversion system is composed of a buoy connected directly to a linear generator. The windings of the generator are individually controlled by a cascaded multilevel power converter using independent maximum power point tracking to improve energy harvesting. The output of the cascaded converter is controlled to keep the DC capacitors balanced and generate a multilevel voltage at the output terminals which reduces the losses in the underwater transmission line. Experimental results show the performance of the proposed control scheme maximizing the power generation by imposing a current with the same waveform of the induced voltage and balancing the DC capacitors.
High-Performance Ultrasound Needle Transducer Based on Modified PMN-PT Ceramic With Ultrahigh Clamped Dielectric Permittivity (2017)

A modified Pb(Mg<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>-PbTiO<sub>3</sub> (PMN-PT) polycrystalline ceramic with ultrahigh relative clamped dielectric permittivity ( ) and high piezoelectric properties ( pC/N, ) was used to fabricate high-frequency miniature ultrasound transducers. A 39-MHz high-frequency ultrasound needle transducer with a miniature aperture of 0.4 mm mm was designed and successfully characterized. The fabricated needle transducer had an electromechanical coupling factor of 0.55, large bandwidth of 80% at -6 dB, and low insertion loss of -13 dB. A wire phantom and porcine eyeball imaging study showed good imaging capability of this needle transducer. The transducer performance was found to be superior to that of other needle transducers with miniature apertures, making this modified PMN-PT ceramic-based needle transducer quite promising for minimally invasive procedures in medical applications.
On Unbiased Estimation of Sparse Vectors Corrupted by Gaussian Noise (2010)

We consider the estimation of a sparse parameter vector from measurements corrupted by white Gaussian noise. Our focus is on unbiased estimation as a setting under which the difficulty of the problem can be quantified analytically. We show that there are infinitely many unbiased estimators but none of them has uniformly minimum mean-squared error. We then provide lower and upper bounds on the Barankin bound, which describes the performance achievable by unbiased estimators. These bounds are used to predict the threshold region of practical estimators.
Increased levels of Aβ42 decrease the lifespan of ob/ob mice with dysregulation of microglia and astrocytes (2019)

Clinical studies have indicated that obesity and diabetes are associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neurodegeneration. Although the mechanisms underlying these associations remain elusive, the bidirectional interactions between obesity/diabetes and Alzheimer's disease (AD) may be involved in them. Both obesity/diabetes and AD significantly reduce life expectancy. We generated App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in; ob/ob mice by crossing App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in mice and ob/ob mice to investigate whether amyloid-β (Aβ) affects the lifespan of ob/ob mice. App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in; ob/ob mice displayed the shortest lifespan compared to wild-type mice, App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in mice, and ob/ob mice. Notably, the Aβ42 levels were increased at minimum levels before deposition in App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in mice and App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in; ob/ob mice at 18 months of age. No differences in the levels of several neuronal markers were observed between mice at this age. However, we observed increased levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), an astrocyte marker, in App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in; ob/ob mice, while the levels of several microglial markers, including CD11b, TREM2, and DAP12, were decreased in both ob/ob mice and App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in; ob/ob mice. The increase in GFAP levels was not observed in young App<sup>NL-F/wt</sup> knock-in; ob/ob mice. Thus, the increased Aβ42 levels may decrease the lifespan of ob/ob mice, which is associated with the dysregulation of microglia and astrocytes in an age-dependent manner. Based on these findings, the imbalance in these neuroinflammatory cells may provide a clue to the mechanisms by which the interaction between obesity/diabetes and early AD reduces life expectancy.
[An improved automated synthesis and in vivo evaluation of PET radioligand for serotonin re-uptake sites: [11C]McN5652X]. (1996)

Carbon-11 labeled serotonin (5-HT) re-uptake inhibitor, [11C]McN5652X [(6S, 10bR)-trans-(+)-1,2,3,5,6,10b-hexahydro-6-[4-(methylthio)phenyl] pyrrolo-[2,1-a]-isoquinoline], has recently been reported to be favorable for studying human 5-HT re-uptake site by positron emission tomography (PET) because of its rapid and high specific binding characteristics as radioligands. [11C]McN5652X has been synthesized by S-methylation of the corresponding des-methyl precursor A with [11Cliodemthane. One serious disadvantage of this procedure, however, is the lack of stability of A. The improved method for the synthesis of A has been desired. We have found that the decomposition of A is significantly reduced by adding a protecting agent for SH groups, dithiothreitol (DTT), into the reaction medium immediately after the demethylation of McN5652X. By using this stabilized precursor A, we have developed an automated procedure giving [11C]McN5652X with 98.6 +/- 0.4% radiochemical purity in high specific activity (181.3 +/- 7.4 GBq/mumol). Preclinical evaluation of the product was carried out by injecting the solution of [11C]-McN5652X obtained by this procedure into mice. [11C]McN5652X showed the high accumulation into mouse thalamus, striatum and cerebral cortex, organs known to have high level of 5-HT receptor density, after intravenous injection. Human PET studies also showed the high uptakes of this radioligand into the thalamus, striatum and midbrain.
Motexafin gadolinium mobilizes zinc and inhibits thioredoxin reductase in human cancer cell lines (2005)

4968 Increased intracellular zinc concentration has been reported to alter cellular metabolism and signaling pathways. Motexafin gadolinium (MGd, Xcytrin®) is an anti-cancer agent that selectively localizes in tumors and promotes redox stress by oxidizing intracellular reducing species. MGd induces transcription of metallothioneins (MT) and zinc transporter 1 (ZnT1). In the present study, we describe the effects of MGd on zinc ion homeostasis, thioredoxin reductase activity, and viability in cancer cell lines. Human lung (A549) and prostate (PC3) cancer and lymphoma (Ramos) cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum. Zinc acetate (0-100 μM) and MGd (0-10 μM) were added for 4-6 hr. Medium was exchanged and thioredoxin reductase activity was assessed by measuring the rate of lipoate reduction (Biaglow, Anal. Biochem. 281:77, 2000). In other experiments, cells were treated with MGd and zinc, and analyzed by flow cytometry using propidium iodide and the ion-specific fluorescent probe, FluoZin-3-AM™. Fold increase is expressed as (median fluorescent signal - control)/control. RNA from treated cultures was harvested and metallothionein and ZnT1 induction assessed by Northern blotting. Treatment with MGd and zinc led to synergistic increases in free intracellular zinc levels, MT and ZnT-1 induction, inhibition of lipoate reduction, and cytotoxicity. In PC3 cells, FluoZn-3 fluorescence was increased 1.1-fold (i.e., 110%) after 4 hr treatment with 50 μM MGd and 50 μM zinc, relative to treatment with zinc alone. In A549 cells, exposure to 50 μM MGd and 75 μM zinc led to a 1.2, 3.0, 4.0, and 1.1 -fold increase in FluoZn-3 fluorescence after 2, 4, 8, or 24 hr. In Ramos, treatment 50 μM MGd and 50 μM zinc led to 0.4, 1.6, 4.2, and 22-fold increase in FluoZn-3 fluorescence after 2, 4, 6, or 24 hr. MT and ZnT1 transcript levels were elevated within 4 hr after treatment with MGd, zinc, or the combination, and remained elevated for at least 24 hr. For example, in A549, MT transcript levels were increased 20, 6.8, and 34-fold by 50 μM MGd, 50 μM zinc, or the combined treatment after 4 hr. There was a 3.7 and 11-fold increase in propidium iodide permeable A549 and Ramos cells by 24 hr, relative to treatment with zinc alone. The rate of lipoate reduction in A549, PC3, and Ramos cell lines after 4-6 hr treatment with MGd and zinc, decreased to 51%, 62%, and 50% of levels observed following treatment with zinc alone. These observations support the characterization of MGd as a redox cycling agent that increases the intracellular availability of free zinc. This activity leads to inhibition of thioredoxin reductase and, ultimately, induction of cell death. The proposed mechanism of action supports the use of this agent alone or in combination chemotherapy. Moreover, the above findings lead us to suggest that thioredoxin reductase is a key target of intracellular free zinc released by oxidative stress.
High density chip-to-wafer integration using self-assembly: On the performances of directly interconnected structures made by direct copper/oxyde bonding (2013)

We present here our latest results on chips-to-wafer 3D structures obtained with the self-assembly technology adapted on copper/oxide patterned surfaces. Technological integration, bonding quality and alignment accuracy are presented and the electrical contact of the interconnection is evaluated. High speed high alignment accuracy chip-to-wafer hybridation technique is mandatory for 3D technology. Chip-to-wafer self-assembly processes coupled to direct bonding hybridization is on the merge to breakthrough this issue. In a previous work [1], we demonstrated submicronic alignment accuracy and a 90% self-assembly process yield with this technique. In this paper, we discuss on interconnect electrical characterization of self-assembled chips compared to chips assembled with conventional Pick and Place method. Interface resistance is evaluated on daisy chain and Kelvin structures. The quantification of the alignment is measured thanks to vernier and is in the range of a few hundred nanometers. The liquid drop impact on assembled structure, considering the different aspects (bonding quality, Cu-chemical oxidation, mechanical chip level bow and electrical resistance) is discussed.
Relative significance of the terms in the CIEDE2000 and CIE94 color-difference formulas (2004)

CIELAB-based color-difference formulas are used to improve the prediction of visually perceived color differences through the introduction of various corrections to CIELAB. In our study we analyze the relative importance of these corrections. From the combined dataset employed for the development of CIEDE2000, we found that the improvement of CIE94 over CIELAB was considerably greater than that of CIEDE2000 over CIE94. Chroma-difference correction was the most important correction in both CIE94 and CIEDE2000. With an arbitrary value of 100 assigned to this correction, the score of the hue-difference correction in CIE94 was 21, and the scores of the four remaining corrections in CIEDE2000 were as follows: hue difference, 29; rotation term, 8; lightness difference, 8; and gray correction, 6. At 95% confidence level each of the corrections introduced in CIEDE2000 or CIE94 was statistically significant for the whole combined dataset, in agreement with the results reported by CIE TC 1-47 and 1-29. For the combined dataset, the differences between CMC and CIEDE2000 were found to be statistically significant at 95% confidence level, but the differences between CMC and CIE94 were not. From subsets of the combined dataset it was concluded that further analyses of the lightness-difference and gray corrections proposed by CIEDE2000 would be desirable, using new experimental data.
One-Step Preparation of Fuel-Containing Anisotropic Nanocapsules with Stimuli-Regulated Propulsion (2019)

One of the dreams of nanotechnology is to create tiny objects, nanobots, that are able to perform difficult tasks in dimensions and locations that are not directly accessible. One basic function of these nanobots is motility. Movements created by self-propelled micro- and nanovehicles are usually dependent on the production of propellants from catalytic reactions of fuels present in the environment. Developing self-powered nanovehicles with internally stored fuels that display motion regulated by external stimuli represents an intriguing and challenging alternative. Herein, a one-step preparation of fuel-containing nanovehicles that feature a motion that can be regulated by external stimuli is reported. Nanovehicles are prepared <i>via</i> a sol-gel process confined at the oil/water interface of miniemulsions. The nanovehicles display shapes ranging from mushroom-like to truncated cones and a core-shell structure so that the silica shell acts as a hull for the nanovehicles while the core is used to store the fuel. Azo-based initiators are loaded in the nanovehicles, which are activated to release nitrogen gas upon increase of temperature or exposure to UV light. Enhanced diffusion of nanovehicles is achieved upon decomposition of the fuel.
Increased intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate inhibits T lymphocyte-mediated cytolysis by two distinct mechanisms. (1988)

Cholera toxin (CT), but not pertussis toxin (PT), treatment of cloned murine CTL inhibited target cell lysis in a dose-dependent fashion. The effects of CT were mimicked by forskolin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) analogues. Inhibition of cytotoxicity by CT and cAMP analogs was mediated in part by attenuation of conjugate formation. Additionally, both CT and cAMP analogs blocked the increase in intracellular Ca2+ induced by stimulation of the TCR complex by mAbs. These findings indicate that cAMP inhibits the activity of CTL by two distinct mechanisms and suggests a role for this second messenger in CTL-mediated cytolysis.
Ultra‐fast Cycling for Multiplexed Cellular Fluorescence Imaging (2020)

Rapid analysis of single and scant cell populations is essential in modern diagnostics, yet existing methods are often limited and slow. Herein, we describe an ultra-fast, highly efficient cycling method for the analysis of single cells based on unique linkers for tetrazine (Tz)/trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-mediated quenching. Surprisingly, the quenching reaction rates were more than 3 orders of magnitude faster (t<sub>1/2</sub> <1 s) than predicted. This allowed multi-cycle staining and immune cell profiling within an hour, leveraging the accelerated kinetics to open new diagnostic possibilities for rapid cellular analyses.
Fusing convolution kernels through tiling (2015)

Image processing pipelines are continuously being developed to deduce more information about objects captured in images. To facilitate the development of such pipelines several Domain Specific Languages (DSLs) have been proposed that provide constructs for easy specification of such computations. It is then upto the DSL compiler to generate code to efficiently execute the pipeline on multiple hardware architectures. While such compilers are getting ever more sophisticated, to achieve large scale adoption these DSLs have to beat, or at least match, the performance that can be achieved by a skilled programmer. Many of these pipelines use a sequence of convolution kernels that are memory bandwidth bound. One way to address this bottleneck is through use of tiling. In this paper we describe an approach to tiling within the context of a DSL called Forma. Using the high-level specification of the pipeline in this DSL, we describe a code generation algorithm that fuses multiple stages of the pipeline through the use of tiling to reduce the memory bandwidth requirements on both GPU and CPU. Using this technique improves the performance of pipelines like Canny Edge Detection by 58% on NVIDIA GPUs, and of the Harris Corner Detection pipeline by 71% on CPUs.
Pilot project to determine the predictive value of microRNAs in breast cancer brain metastases. (2015)

e22059 Background: Brain metastases are more common in HER2-positive and triple-negative breast cancer patients. Biomarkers, such as microRNA, may help predict which breast cancer patients will develop brain metastases. The aim of our study was to identify a microRNA signature in the primary breast tumor that predicts subsequent development of brain metastases. Methods: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) primary breast tissue samples were collected from breast cancer patients diagnosed from 3 centers between years 2000-2011 who fell into the following subgroups: Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) with brain metastases, Her2-positive breast cancer with brain metastases, TNBC with non-brain metastases and Her2-positive breast cancer with non-brain metastases. Total RNA was extracted using Qiagen’s miRNeasy FFPE kit. MicroRNA expression profiling was done through hybridization using Exiqon’s miRCURY LNA microRNA Array system. MicroRNA profiles from patients with brain metastases were compared to those with non-brain metastases using t-test. Cox proportional regression analysis was applied to determine association of microRNA with time to metastases and death. Results: Of 47 samples collected, 36 met criteria for concentration and RNA quality by absorption ratio using Nanodrop. Of the 36 samples, 8 were TNBC with brain metastases, 6 were Her2-positive with brain metastases, 12 were TNBC with non-brain metastases and 10 were Her2-positive with non-brain metastases. MicroRNA profiling did not identify significant differentially expressed microRNAs in the brain metastases compared to non-brain metastases samples out of 947 microRNAs analyzed. There was also no significant association between microRNA expression and time to metastases or death. Comparison of all TNBC to all Her2-positive samples revealed 62 microRNAs differentially expressed between the groups. Conclusions: MicroRNA profiling did not identify a signature that would predict development of brain metastases. The results may be due to small sample size. MicroRNAs were significantly different between the TNBC and Her2-positive samples, which are expected due to different genetic drivers of the tumorigenesis.
C–H Functionalization of Cyclopropanes: A Practical Approach Employing a Picolinamide Auxiliary (2013)

A Pd-catalyzed, picolinamide-enabled, and efficient C-H arylation of cyclopropanes is described. The reaction can be promoted by either a silver additive or catalytic pivalic acid in the presence of a carbonate base. Various aryl iodides can be employed as coupling partners, providing exclusively cis-substituted cyclopropylpicolinamides.
Effects of Anesthesia on Diastolic Function in Mice Assessed by Echocardiography (2005)

Left ventricular diastolic function in mice, determined by echocardiography, is dependent on anesthetic agent and timing of measurements after onset of anesthesia.
The Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Family Receptor Components Are Differentially Regulated within Sensory Neurons after Nerve Injury (2000)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has potent trophic effects on adult sensory neurons after nerve injury and is one of a family of proteins that includes neurturin, persephin, and artemin. Sensitivity to these factors is conferred by a receptor complex consisting of a ligand binding domain (GFRalpha1-GFRalpha4) and a signal transducing domain RET. We have investigated the normal expression of GDNF family receptor components within sensory neurons and the response to nerve injury. In normal rats, RET and GFRalpha1 were expressed in a subpopulation of both small- and large-diameter afferents projecting through the sciatic nerve [60 and 40% of FluoroGold (FG)-labeled cells, respectively]. GFRalpha2 and GFRalpha3 were both expressed principally within small-diameter DRG cells (30 and 40% of FG-labeled cells, respectively). Two weeks after sciatic axotomy, the expression of GFRalpha2 was markedly reduced (to 12% of sciatic afferents). In contrast, the proportion of sciatic afferents that expressed GFRalpha1 increased (to 66% of sciatic afferents) so that virtually all large-diameter afferents expressed this receptor component, and the expression of GFRalpha3 also increased (to 66% of sciatic afferents) so that almost all of the small-diameter afferents expressed this receptor component after axotomy. There was little change in RET expression. The changes in the proportions of DRG cells expressing different receptor components were mirrored by alterations in the total RNA levels within the DRG. The changes in GFRalpha1 and GFRalpha2 expression after axotomy could be largely reversed by treatment with GDNF.
Degradation behaviour of Lithium-ion batteries based on field measured frequency regulation mission profile (2015)

Energy storage systems based on Lithium-ion batteries have been proposed as an environmental friendly alternative to traditional conventional generating units for providing grid frequency regulation. One major challenge regarding the use of Lithium-ion batteries in such applications is their cost competitiveness in comparison to other storage technologies or with the traditional frequency regulation methods. In order to surpass this challenge and to allow for optimal sizing and proper use of the battery, accurate knowledge about the lifetime of the Lithium-ion battery and its degradation behaviour is required. This paper aims to investigate, based on a laboratory developed lifetime model, the degradation behaviour of the performance parameters (i.e., capacity and power capability) of a Lithium-ion battery cell when it is subjected to a field measured mission profile, which is characteristic to the primary frequency regulation service.
Direct Atomic-Level Observation and Chemical Analysis of ZnSe Synthesized by in Situ High-Throughput Reactive Fiber Drawing (2013)

We demonstrate a high-throughput method for synthesizing zinc selenide (ZnSe) in situ during fiber drawing. Central to this method is a thermally activated chemical reaction occurring across multiple interfaces between alternately layered elemental zinc- (Zn-) and selenium- (Se-) rich films embedded in a preform and drawn into meters of fiber at a temperature well below the melting temperature of either Zn or ZnSe. By depositing 50 nm thick layers of Zn interleaved between 1 μm thick Se layers, a controlled breakup of the Zn sheet is achieved, thereby enabling a complete and controlled chemical reaction. The thermodynamics and kinetics of this synthesis process are studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and the in-fiber compound is analyzed by a multiplicity of materials characterization tools, including transmission electron microscopy, Raman microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction, all resulting in unambiguous identification of ZnSe as the compound produced from the reactive fiber draw. Furthermore, we characterize the in-fiber ZnSe/Se97S3 heterojunction to demonstrate the prospect of ZnSe-based fiber optoelectronic devices. The ability to synthesize new compounds during fiber drawing at nanometer scale precision and to characterize them at the atomic-level extends the architecture and materials selection compatible with multimaterial fiber drawing, thus paving the way toward more complex and sophisticated functionality.