gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning Quantum Dot Luminescence Below the Bulk Band Gap Using Tensile Strain (2013)

Self-assembled quantum dots (SAQDs) grown under biaxial tension could enable novel devices by taking advantage of the strong band gap reduction induced by tensile strain. Tensile SAQDs with low optical transition energies could find application in the technologically important area of mid-infrared optoelectronics. In the case of Ge, biaxial tension can even cause a highly desirable crossover from an indirect- to a direct-gap band structure. However, the inability to grow tensile SAQDs without dislocations has impeded progress in these directions. In this article, we demonstrate a method to grow dislocation-free, tensile SAQDs by employing the unique strain relief mechanisms of (110)-oriented surfaces. As a model system, we show that tensile GaAs SAQDs form spontaneously, controllably, and without dislocations on InAlAs(110) surfaces. The tensile strain reduces the band gap in GaAs SAQDs by ~40%, leading to robust type-I quantum confinement and photoluminescence at energies lower than that of bulk GaAs. This method can be extended to other zinc blende and diamond cubic materials to form novel optoelectronic devices based on tensile SAQDs.
Self-Reconfigurable Wireless Mesh Networks (2011)

During their lifetime, multihop wireless mesh networks (WMNs) experience frequent link failures caused by channel interference, dynamic obstacles, and/or applications' bandwidth demands. These failures cause severe performance degradation in WMNs or require expensive manual network management for their real-time recovery. This paper presents an autonomous network reconfiguration system (ARS) that enables a multiradio WMN to autonomously recover from local link failures to preserve network performance. By using channel and radio diversities in WMNs, ARS generates necessary changes in local radio and channel assignments in order to recover from failures. Next, based on the thus-generated configuration changes, the system cooperatively reconfigures network settings among local mesh routers. ARS has been implemented and evaluated extensively on our IEEE 802.11-based WMN test-bed as well as through ns2-based simulation. Our evaluation results show that ARS outperforms existing failure-recovery schemes in improving channel-efficiency by more than 90% and in the ability of meeting the applications' bandwidth demands by an average of 200%.
Neurologic Injury Associated with Liver Transplantation (1998)

Matta, B F FRCA; Bakewell, S E FRCA; Klinck, J FRCA; Gunning, K E FRCA Author Information
Single caudate neurons encode temporally discounted value for formulating motivation for action (2020)

The term ‘temporal discounting’ describes both choice preferences and motivation for delayed rewards. Here we show that neuronal activity in the dorsal part of the primate caudate head (dCDh) signals the temporally discounted value needed to compute the motivation for delayed rewards. Macaque monkeys performed an instrumental task, in which visual cues indicated the forthcoming size and delay duration before reward. Single dCDh neurons represented the temporally discounted value without reflecting changes in the animal’s physiological state. Bilateral pharmacological or chemogenetic inactivation of dCDh markedly distorted the normal task performance based on the integration of reward size and delay, but did not affect the task performance for different reward sizes without delay. These results suggest that dCDh is involved in encoding the integrated multidimensional information critical for motivation.
Diabetes Prevention Using a Simulation Model That Explains Individual Variability in Response to Diet Change (2018)

Objectives: Limited understanding of the causes of variability in individual response to similar lifestyle changes makes it challenging to design individualized diet plans for diabetes prevention. We previously reported a simulation model of lifestyle disease and tested it using data from DPP and a low carb-low fat diet crossover study. Here we used the model to analyze data from J-DOIT1 to understand the causes of variability and to optimize diet therapy. Methods: J-DOIT1 is a large-scale intervention study of 2,607 subjects with a 5.5 year follow-up. We selected 60 baseline-matched individuals from placebo and intervention arms. Model was calibrated to each subject’s body weight, FPG, HbA1c time courses to estimate physiology and lifestyle parameters (e.g., RMR, diet intake). Simulation analysis was used to optimize individual diet. Results: Individuals with the most and least improved biomarkers showed no significant difference in model-estimated energy balance or in self-reported lifestyle at baseline. Neither caloric deficit nor linear combinations of model-estimated parameters were predictive of outcomes, showing the value of our complex physiological model for prediction. The model suggests that unique sets of optimal diets exist for achieving individual health goals (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Optimized changes in fat and carbohydrate intake for two individuals to reduce body weight by 5-7%. Fig. 1. Optimized changes in fat and carbohydrate intake for two individuals to reduce body weight by 5-7%. Disclosure J.H. Chen: None. M. Fukasawa: None. Q. Chen: None. S.P. Burns: None. K. Kumar: None. S. Nirengi: None. K. Takahashi: None. A. Suganuma: None. H. Kuzuya: None. N. Sakane: Research Support; Spouse/Partner; Pwc. G. Dwivedi: None.
Growth, Optical Characterization and Modelling of ZnO Nanorods on Si, SiC and Macroporous Si Structure (2009)

Zinc Oxide (ZnO) and 4H-SiC are prominent materials with large applicability such as optoelectronic nanodevices and for instance ultraviolet detectors. There is lack of more information about optic ...
<title>Estimating 3D orientation from 1D projections with applications to radar</title> (2003)

We focus on the specific problem of inversion of a collection of one-dimensional projections to reconstruct a three-dimensional image of a rigid body and estimate its orientation. We assume correspondence of the points in the projections is given and derive several useful results leading to an iterative solution algorithm and a fundamental understanding of its possible scope. Finally, the algorithm was simulated on synthetic HRR data which verified its function and convergence.
Perspectives of optical scanning in OCT (2010)

We present an overview of our contributions and directions of research in the domain of optical scanners, with regard to their perspectives of use in optical coherence tomography (OCT). The performances, advantages and drawbacks of the different types of scanning systems are summarized. Both 1-D and 2-D scanners for various applications in OCT, from swept source filters to flying the beam over the target are considered. We briefly present our developments of polygon mirror (PM) scanners. We study galvoscanners (GS) in order to increase their duty cycle in general and for high speed scanners in particular. The limitations in reaching such goals are discussed. Based on these advancements, 2-D scanners, i.e. the double GS and the PM+GS solutions are approached with regard to their optimum driving functions. The 2-D Risley prism scanner is also considered, as the best choice when compactness is of prime importance. We finally briefly discuss the tendency towards miniaturization and recent developments in MEMS scanners. A trade-off is thus accomplished between recent developments and requirements of scanning devices for OCT in order to achieve the most appropriate results for a certain application. The current and future tendencies in the field are discussed.
Augmented Reality Meets Computer Vision : Efficient Data Generation for Urban Driving Scenes (2017)

Author: Abu Alhaija, Hassan et al.; Genre: Journal Article; Issued: 2018-09; Keywords: Forschungsgruppe Geiger; Title: Augmented Reality Meets Computer Vision: Efficient Data Generation for Urban Driving Scenes
MRI in juvenile ALS (1998)

We describe the MR images of a patient with juvenile ALS. MRI of the brain showed bilateral hyperintensities along the corticospinal tracts extending from the corona radiata to the brainstem on T2-weighted images. These findings should be differentiated from the slight hyperintensities seen in the posterior limbs of the internal capsules in normal subjects.
BAFF selectively enhances the survival of plasmablasts generated from human memory B cells (2003)

The generation of Ig-secreting cells (ISCs) from memory B cells requires interactions between antigen-specific (Ag-specific) B cells, T cells, and dendritic cells. This process must be strictly regulated to ensure sufficient humoral immunity while avoiding production of pathogenic autoantibodies. BAFF, a member of the TNF family, is a key regulator of B cell homeostasis. BAFF exerts its effect by binding to three receptors — transmembrane activator of and CAML interactor (TACI), B cell maturation antigen (BCMA), and BAFF receptor (BAFF-R). To elucidate the contribution of BAFF to the differentiation of B cells into ISCs, we tracked the fate of human memory B cells stimulated with BAFF or CD40L. BAFF and CD40L significantly increased the overall number of surviving B cells. This was achieved via distinct mechanisms. CD40L induced proliferation of nondifferentiated blasts, while BAFF prevented apoptosis of ISCs without enhancing proliferation. The altered responsiveness of activated memory B cells to CD40L and BAFF correlated with changes in surface phenotype such that expression of CD40 and BAFF-R were reduced on ISCs while BCMA was induced. These results suggest BAFF may enhance humoral immunity in vivo by promoting survival of ISCs via a BCMA-dependent mechanism. These findings have wide-ranging implications for the treatment of human immunodeficiencies as well as autoimmune diseases.
Studies in the steroid group. Part LXXXIV. Preparation and reactions of 15-oxygenated androstanes (1972)

Treatment of 15β, 16β-epoxy-5α-androstan-17-one with hydrazine and toluene-p-sulphonic acid in air gives 5α-androstan-15β-ol; this step markedly improves the chemical route to 5α-androstan-15-one from the 3-ketone. The 15-ketone is also readily obtained from 12β,15α-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one (prepared by microbiological hydroxylation of 5α-androstan-3-one).Two series of substituted (mainly oxygenated) androstanes are described : those substituted at position 15 or at positions 15 and 17, and those substituted at the 12- and 15-, or at the 3-, 12-, and 15-positions.
DIPG-15. POLYAMINE PATHWAY INHIBITION IS A POTENT NOVEL THERAPEUTIC STRATEGY AGAINST DIFFUSE INTRINSIC PONTINE GLIOMA (2020)

Abstract DIPG is an aggressive paediatric brainstem tumour, with a median survival of less than 1 year. Polyamines are intracellular polycations that control important aspects of cell growth and are often upregulated in cancer. Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) is an FDA-approved inhibitor of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) which is a key driver of polyamine synthesis. We investigated the efficacy of polyamine pathway inhibitors as a therapeutic strategy against DIPG. We found high expression levels of synthetic enzymes in the polyamine pathway in primary patient samples and cultures. Using cytotoxicity and clonogenic assays, we found that DFMO inhibited the proliferation of DIPG neurospheres. However, DIPG cells compensated for DFMO inhibition by increasing expression of the polyamine transporter SLC3A2. Gene expression analysis showed that the polyamine transporter, SLC3A2, was significantly overexpressed in DIPG compared with all other high-risk childhood cancers. Addition of polyamine transporter inhibitor AMXT 1501 to DFMO led to synergistic inhibition of DIPG proliferation. Consistent with the in vitro results, the combination treatment significantly prolonged the survival of mice bearing 3 different DIPG orthografts with 2/3 of the animals surviving up to 160 days. Addition of irradiation further improved the survival of mice treated with DFMO and AMXT 1501. Our results suggest that DIPG tumours are exquisitely sensitive to polyamine inhibitors and that dual blockade of polyamine synthesis and transport is a promising novel therapeutic strategy. AMXT 1501 is currently in clinical development for adult cancers (NCT03536728). A clinical trial for DIPG patients is planned through the CONNECT consortium.
Applications of IEC 61850 in distribution automation (2011)

Distribution Automation (DA) is viewed as an integral component of the Smart Grid paradigm. It facilitates the employment of computer technology and communication infrastructure to advance management and operation of the distribution network from a semi-automated approach towards a fully automated one. SCADA systems, advanced sensors, and electronic controllers are integrated into the DA system in order to achieve the desired performance and reliability at the distribution network. Interoperability of all the components participating in the DA system requires communication standards covering not only the devices in the substation, but all the components from the substation to the point of interface with the end consumers. While the IEC 61850 standard was originally addressing applications and communications within the substation, recent work is undergone for extending it beyond the substation fence. With its object oriented structure, IEC 61850 can provide comprehensive and accurate information models for various components of distribution automation systems, while providing an efficient solution for this naturally multi-vendor environment. This paper provides some concrete examples on how IEC 61850 can be employed in the context of distribution automation applications, and what measures need to be taken to enable it to efficiently respond to some of the emerging technologies in DA systems.
Recent improvements in speech recognition performance on large vocabulary conversational speech (voicemail and switchboard) (2000)

In this paper we report recent improvements in word error performance on a voicemail transcription task. Last year, the speaker independent word error rate (WER) on the devtest set of the Voicemail Transcription task was reported at 35.45% [1]. This year, we report a relative 20% gain over this number. The improvements were obtained using several new algorithms and an increased amount of training data. In addition to benchmarking the performance of these algorithms on the Voicemail task, we have also evaluated them on the Switchboard task, and we report these results here as well. Finally, we also present the result of crossdomain experiments to evaluate the domain-independence of the constructed systems.
Subterahertz oscillations from triple-barrier resonant tunneling diodes with integrated patch antennas (2010)

We report on subterahertz oscillations of resonant tunneling diode oscillators with an integrated patch antenna. The device consists of an InGaAs/InAlAs triple-barrier resonant tunneling diode and a patch antenna on an InP substrate. Current-voltage characteristics indicate a peak current density of 280 kA/cm2, with a peak-valley ratio of about 3 at room temperature. An oscillation frequency of 517 GHz was observed at room temperature through Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. The results agree with electromagnetic analysis.
Numerical simulation of laser pulse propagation in rare-earth-doped materials (2012)

We describe a general numerical method for calculating short-pulse laser propagation in rare-earth-doped materials, which are very important as gain materials for solid-state lasers, fiber lasers and optical amplifiers. The split-step, finite difference method simultaneously calculates changes in the laser pulse as it propagates through the material and calculates the dynamic populations of the rare-earth energy levels at any position within the material and for times during and after the laser pulse has passed through the material. Many traditional theoretical and numerical analyses of laser pulse propagation involve approximations and assumptions that limit their applicability to a narrow range of problems. Our numerical method, however, is more comprehensive and includes the processes of single- and multi-photon absorption, excited state absorption (ESA), energy transfer, upconversion, stimulated emission, cross relaxation, radiative relaxation and non-radiative relaxation. In the models, the rare-earth dopants can have an arbitrary number of energy levels. We are able to calculate the electron population density of every electronic level as a function of, for example, pulse energy, dopant concentration and sample thickness. We compare our theoretical results to published experimental results for rare-earth ions such as Er<sup>3+</sup>, Yb<sup>3+</sup>, Tm<sup>3+</sup> and Ho<sup>3+</sup>.
An Exceptionally Stable Metal–Organic Framework Constructed from Chelate-Based Metal–Organic Polyhedra (2020)

We report the rational design and synthesis of a water-stable metal-organic framework (MOF), Fe-HAF-1, constructed from supramolecular, Fe<sup>3+</sup>-hydroxamate-based polyhedra with mononuclear metal nodes. Owing to its chelate-based construction, Fe-HAF-1 displays exceptional chemical stability in organic and aqueous solvents over a wide pH range (pH 1-14), including in the presence of 5 M NaOH. Despite the charge neutrality of the Fe<sup>3+</sup>-tris(hydroxamate) centers, Fe-HAF-1 crystals are negatively charged above pH 4. This unexpected property is attributed to the formation of defects during crystallization that results in uncoordinated hydroxamate ligands or hydroxide-coordinated Fe centers. The anionic nature of Fe-HAF-1 crystals enables selective adsorption of positively charged ions in aqueous solution, resulting in efficient separation of organic dyes and other charged species in a size-selective fashion. Fe-HAF-1 presents a new addition to a small group of chelate-based MOFs and provides a rare framework whose 3D connectivity is exclusively formed by metal-hydroxamate coordination.
TENNESSEE BRIDGE RAIL TO GUARDRAIL TRANSITION DESIGNS (1994)

Potential problems associated with the impact performance of guardrail to bridge rail transition designs currently used by the Tennessee Department of Transportation were identified through use of computer simulation. To alleviate these deficiencies, three alternative designs were developed for use as a retrofit to their existing transition installations and for new installations. In the first retrofit alternative, the first three 6-ft (1.83-m)-long W6 x 15 posts adjacent to the concrete parapet are replaced with 8-ft (2.44-m)-long W8 x 21 posts. The second design involves the addition of two 6-ft (1.83-m)-long W6 x 15 posts between the first three existing W6 x 15 posts to effectively reduce the post spacing to 1 ft 6.75 in. (0.48 m). The third retrofit design involves the addition of a lower C6 x 8.2 channel rub rail to the existing transition system. All three modified designs were crash tested and found to perform satisfactorily in accordance with the recommended guidelines presented in NCHRP Report 230. Since the impact performances of the three systems were essentially the same, the choice of which design to use as a retrofit in the field becomes a consideration of cost and site-specific requirements. Details of these three alternative transition designs and the results of the full-scale crash tests are presented.
Nuclear-powered laser beam profile control method (1993)

The control of the extracted beam quality of a nuclear-pumped laser is a major issue. One possible control method involves changing the spatial power deposition profile, which is a function of the gas pressure and the pumping mechanism. Thus, we proposed a combined He-3 and wall coating (e.g., B-10 or U-235) technique. Then, the pump power deposition profile can be adjusted by varying the He-3 partial pressure. To examine this technique, measurements are being performed with an in-core cell by imaging the radiation-induced fluorescence onto a linear diode array located some distance from the cell. Results from these measurements are presented and other related issues such as gas dynamics, index of refraction effects, and efficient beam extraction from a large-volume cavity are discussed.
Experimental Demonstration of 1480nm Cladding Pumped Multicore EDFA (2018)

We demonstrate 1480nm-Cladding-Pumped multicore erbium-doped fiber amplification for the first time. We report an increase of 2.6dB of optical gain and 23.7% reduction of pumping light power for 1480nm- cladding pumping compared to 980nm pumping.
Toxicity of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Escherichia coli Correlates with Conduction Band and Hydration Energies (2015)

Metal oxide nanoparticles (MOx NPs) are used for a host of applications, such as electronics, cosmetics, construction, and medicine, and as a result, the safety of these materials to humans and the environment is of considerable interest. A prior study of 24 MOx NPs in mammalian cells revealed that some of these materials show hazard potential. Here, we report the growth inhibitory effects of the same series of MOx NPs in the bacterium Escherichia coli and show that toxicity trends observed in E. coli parallel those seen previously in mammalian cells. Of the 24 materials studied, only ZnO, CuO, CoO, Mn2O3, Co3O4, Ni2O3, and Cr2O3 were found to exert significant growth inhibitory effects; these effects were found to relate to membrane damage and oxidative stress responses in minimal trophic media. A correlation of the toxicological data with physicochemical parameters of MOx NPs revealed that the probability of a MOx NP being toxic increases as the hydration enthalpy becomes less negative and as the conduction band energy approaches those of biological molecules. These observations are consistent with prior results observed in mammalian cells, revealing that mechanisms of toxicity of MOx NPs are consistent across two very different taxa. These results suggest that studying nanotoxicity in E. coli may help to predict toxicity patterns in higher organisms.
Processability and Optimization of Laser Parameters for Densification of Hypereutectic Al–Fe Binary Alloy Manufactured by Laser Powder Bed Fusion (2021)

Centimeter-sized samples of hypereutectic Al–15 mass% Fe alloy were manufactured by a laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process while systematically varying laser power (P) and scan speed (v). The effects on relative density and melt pool depth of L-PBF-manufactured samples were investigated. In comparison with other Al alloys, a small laser process window of P = 77–128 W and v = 0.4–0.8 ms−1 was found for manufacturing macroscopically crack-free samples. A higher v and P led to the creation of macroscopic cracks propagating parallel to the powder-bed plane. These cracks preferentially propagated along the melt pool boundaries decorated with brittle θ-Al13Fe4 phase, resulting in low L-PBF processability of Al–15%Fe alloy. The deposited energy density model (using P·v−1/2) would be useful for identifying the optimum L-PBF process conditions towards densification of Al–15%Fe alloy samples, in comparison with the volumetric energy density (using P·v−1), however, the validity of the model was reduced for this alloy in comparison with other alloys with high thermal conductivities. This is likely due to inhomogeneous microstructures having numerous coarsened θ–Al13Fe4 phases localized at melt pool boundaries. These results provide insights into achieving sufficient L-PBF processability for manufacturing dense Al–Fe binary alloy samples.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 22-Deoxo-23-oxa Analogues of Saponin OSW-1 (2011)

Analogues of the potent cytotoxic saponin OSW-1 were prepared from the readily available steroidal 16β,17α,22-triol. The new 22-deoxo-23-oxa analogues of OSW-1 were screened against eight cancer cell lines and normal human fibroblasts. The analogues proved to be slightly less active than OSW-1 but also less toxic to normal cells. They induce concentration- and time-dependent apoptosis of mammalian cancer cells with caspase-3 activation.