gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sparse Array Design via Fractal Geometries (2020)

Sparse sensor arrays have attracted considerable attention in various fields such as radar, array processing, ultrasound imaging and communications. In the context of correlation-based processing, such arrays enable to resolve more uncorrelated sources than physical sensors. This property of sparse arrays stems from the size of their difference coarrays, defined as the differences of element locations. Thus, the design of sparse arrays with large difference coarrays is of great interest. In addition, other array properties such as symmetry, robustness and array economy are important in different applications. Numerous studies have proposed diverse sparse geometries, focusing on certain properties while lacking others. Incorporating multiple properties into the design task leads to combinatorial problems which are generally NP-hard. For small arrays these optimization problems can be solved by brute force, however, in large scale they become intractable. In this paper, we propose a scalable systematic way to design large sparse arrays considering multiple properties. To that end, we introduce a fractal array design in which a generator array is recursively expanded according to its difference coarray. Our main result states that for an appropriate choice of the generator such fractal arrays exhibit large difference coarrays. Furthermore, we show that the fractal arrays inherit their properties from their generators. Thus, a small generator can be optimized according to desired requirements and then expanded to create a fractal array which meets the same criteria. This approach paves the way to efficient design of large arrays of hundreds or thousands of elements with specific properties.
Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Proviral Sequences Congenital to C3H/Sm Mice Are Differentially Hypomethylated in Chemically Induced, Virus-Induced, and Spontaneous Mammary Tumors (1982)

C3H/Sm mice have lost the exogenous milk-borne mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) characteristic of the C3H strain and have a very low (1.5%) incidence of spontaneous mammary tumors, yet they are highly susceptible to mammary carcinogenesis by either chemical carcinogens or infection with the milk-borne virus. We have analyzed the MMTV proviral DNA content of normal tissues and of spontaneous, virus-induced, and chemically induced mammary tumors by restriction endonuclease digestion and Southern blot analysis. Although the results clearly showed additional MMTV sequences in the virus-induced tumor which are not present in normal liver DNA, none of the spontaneous or chemically induced tumors could be shown to contain either newly acquired exogenous or amplified endogenous MMTV sequences. Interestingly, mammary tumors arising in C3H/Sm mice treated simultaneously with infectious MMTV (C3H) and dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) possessed new exogenous MMTV DNA even though no quantitative change in tumor production was observed when these mice were compared with C3H/Sm mice treated with DMBA alone (Smith et al., Int. J. Cancer 26:373-379, 1980). Our data indicate that the endogenous MMTV proviral units are extensively methylated in normal tissues, such as livers and normal nonlactating mammary glands. In the absence of MMTV (C3H), we found that in the rare, spontaneously occurring C3H/Sm mammary tumors, certain endogenous MMTV sequences were specifically hypomethylated. Hypomethylation of endogenous MMTV sequences was also noted in the chemically induced mammary tumors, even though radioimmune competition assays for MMTV gp52 and p28 are negative (Smith et al., Int. J. Cancer 27:81-86, 1981). Our results support the conclusion that amplification of endogenous MMTV sequences is not intrinsic to C3H/Sm mouse mammary tumors arising spontaneously or after induction by chemicals. On the other hand, integration of exogenous MMTV DNA into the genome was a constant feature of mammary tumors developing in MMTV (C3H)-infected C3H/Sm mice, even when DMBA was used as the carcinogen. Hypomethylation of some endogenous MMTV sequences is characteristic of C3H/Sm mammary tumors, whether spontaneous or induced by chemicals, which suggests that these sequences are located in actively transcribing regions of the tumor cell genome.
Characterizing Performance Guarantees for Real-Time Multiagent Systems Operating in Noisy and Uncertain Environments (2012)

Autonomous robots offer the potential to conduct Counter-Weapons of Mass Destruction (C-WMD) missions in an efficient and robust manner. However, to leverage this potential, a mission designer needs to be able to determine how well a robot system will operate in the noisy and uncertain environments that a C-WMD mission may require. We are developing a software framework for verification of performance guarantees for C-WMD missions based on the MissionLab software system and a novel process algebra approach to representing robot programs and operating environments.\nIn this paper, we report on our initial research for the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) in understanding what is required from a performance guarantee to give a mission designer the information necessary to understand how well a robot program will perform in a specific environment. We link this to prior work on metrics for robot performance. Using a simple mission scenario, we explore the implications of uncertainty in the four components of the problem: the robot program, and the sensors, actuators and environment with which the program is executed.
Subset Selection Based on Order Statistics from Logistic Populations (2000)

Consider k equal size treatment groups and let the outcome of interest be a survival time. Suppose that a known monotone transformation of the survival times is logistically distributed and that the treatment only affects the location parameter. We obtain exact results for the problem of selecting a subset of treatments, based on the i-th ordered survival times, which contains with specified probability P*the optimal treatment. Since the distribution of the median of a small logistic i.i.d. sample is shown to approximate very well the normal distribution our exact results for the median can also be used for subset selection based on estimates of location parameters which are normally or approximately normally distributed.
Human-AI Collaboration in Data Science: Exploring Data Scientists' Perceptions of Automated AI (2019)

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) is changing our lives in many ways. One application domain is data science. New techniques in automating the creation of AI, known as AutoAI or AutoML, aim to automate the work practices of data scientists. AutoAI systems are capable of autonomously ingesting and pre-processing data, engineering new features, and creating and scoring models based on a target objectives (e.g. accuracy or run-time efficiency). Though not yet widely adopted, we are interested in understanding how AutoAI will impact the practice of data science. We conducted interviews with 20 data scientists who work at a large, multinational technology company and practice data science in various business settings. Our goal is to understand their current work practices and how these practices might change with AutoAI. Reactions were mixed: while informants expressed concerns about the trend of automating their jobs, they also strongly felt it was inevitable. Despite these concerns, they remained optimistic about their future job security due to a view that the future of data science work will be a collaboration between humans and AI systems, in which both automation and human expertise are indispensable.
Noncanonical Wnt Signaling Promotes Obesity-Induced Adipose Tissue Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction Independent of Adipose Tissue Expansion (2014)

Adipose tissue dysfunction plays a pivotal role in the development of insulin resistance in obese individuals. Cell culture studies and gain-of-function mouse models suggest that canonical Wnt proteins modulate adipose tissue expansion. However, no genetic evidence supports a role for endogenous Wnt proteins in adipose tissue dysfunction, and the role of noncanonical Wnt signaling remains largely unexplored. Here we provide evidence from human, mouse, and cell culture studies showing that Wnt5a-mediated, noncanonical Wnt signaling contributes to obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction by increasing adipose tissue inflammation. Wnt5a expression is significantly upregulated in human visceral fat compared with subcutaneous fat in obese individuals. In obese mice, Wnt5a ablation ameliorates insulin resistance, in parallel with reductions in adipose tissue inflammation. Conversely, Wnt5a overexpression in myeloid cells augments adipose tissue inflammation and leads to greater impairments in glucose homeostasis. Wnt5a ablation or overexpression did not affect fat mass or adipocyte size. Mechanistically, Wnt5a promotes the expression of proinflammatory cytokines by macrophages in a Jun NH2-terminal kinase-dependent manner, leading to defective insulin signaling in adipocytes. Exogenous interleukin-6 administration restores insulin resistance in obese Wnt5a-deficient mice, suggesting a central role for this cytokine in Wnt5a-mediated metabolic dysfunction. Taken together, these results demonstrate that noncanonical Wnt signaling contributes to obesity-induced insulin resistance independent of adipose tissue expansion.
Ocular manifestations of Behçet's disease (1978)

Abstract The manifestations, possible etiological factors and therapeutical modalities of ocular Behçet are outlined. The major ocular findings involve both the anterior and posterior uvea. The vasculitis retinae, the periphlebitis and the pipe stem sheathing along with the recurrent vitreous hemorrhages lead to the visual impairment. Exacerbation and remission of the ocular inflammatory processes are characteristic. However, the impairment of visual function occurring after each attack is generally irreversible. The effectiveness of the present modalities of treatment is uncertain. Chlorambucil ® in doses of 6–8 mg daily appears to have an outstanding beneficial effect. However, carefully monitored control studies are lacking and should be conducted before any unequivocal conclusions can be reached. It appears to us that the etiology‐pathology of Behçet's disease might be a sequence of events triggered by an interaction between a virus and specific receptors on the host cell membrane (HLA determined?). This initial interaction is followed by a malregulation of the host immune mechanism leading to autoimmune phenomena which are characteristics of the disease.
Metal oxides based fiber optic pH sensors for elevated temperature sensing applications (2020)

Metal oxides based materials are often employed for harsh environment applications since they tend to be stable at high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. In this work, TiO<sub>2</sub> and ZrO<sub>2</sub> based materials coated fiber optic pH sensors were evaluated with respect to pH sensitivity and stability by measuring the pH-dependent transmission at elevated temperature and high pH range, which are relevant to the wellbore cement monitoring. The TiO<sub>2</sub> thin film coated fiber optic sensor showed reversible pH sensitivity during the pH cycling between DI water and pH 12 at room temperature and 80 °C. It demonstrated improved stability and reversibility as compared to the SiO<sub>2</sub> or ZrO<sub>2</sub> based materials at 80 °C. Au-nanoparticles incorporated TiO2 coating was showed to maintain the pH sensing capability for about 30 hours at 80 °C. This finding is beneficial for future development and deployment of robust distributed optical pH sensors for harsh environment applications in the wellbores.
Expression of SPAG7 and its regulatory microRNAs in seminal plasma and seminal plasma-derived extracellular vesicles of patients with subfertility (2023)

Seminal plasma contains a variety of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that deliver RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) molecules. However, the roles of these EVs along with their delivered RNAs and their interactions with male infertility are not clear. Sperm-associated antigen 7 (SPAG 7) is expressed in male germ cells and plays a crucial role in several biological functions associated with sperm production and maturation. In this study, we aimed to identify the post-transcriptional regulation of SPAG7 in seminal plasma (SF-Native) and seminal plasma-derived extracellular vesicles (SF-EVs) collected from 87 men undergoing infertility treatment. Among the multiple binding sites for miRNAs within its 3'UTR of SPAG7, we identified the binding of four miRNAs (miR-15b-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-424-5p, and miR-497-5p) to the 3'UTR of SPAG7 by the dual luciferase assays. Analyzing sperm, we found reduced mRNA expression levels of SPAG7 in SF-EVs and SF-Native samples from oligoasthenozoospermic men. By contrast, two miRNAs (miR-424-5p and miR-497-5p) form the SF-Native samples, and four miRNAs (miR-195-5p, miR-424-5p, miR-497-5p, and miR-6838-5p) from the SF-EVs samples showed significantly higher expression levels in oligoasthenozoospermic men. The expression levels of miRNAs and SPAG7 were significantly correlated with basic semen parameters. These findings contribute significantly to our understanding of regulatory pathways in male fertility by showing a direct link between upregulated miRNA, notably miR-424, and downregulated SPAG7 both in seminal plasma and in plasma-derived EVs likely contributing to oligoasthenozoospermia.
A small variation in average particle size of PLGA nanoparticles prepared by nanoprecipitation leads to considerable change in nanoparticles’ characteristics and efficacy of intracellular delivery (2017)

In this study, it was aimed to investigate characteristics and intracellular delivery of two different-sized PLGA nanoparticles in ouzo region by considering number of nanoparticles. To determine the effect of formulation parameters on average particle size, Dil labeled nanoparticles were prepared using a three-factor, two-level full factorial statistical experimental design. PLGA<sub>230</sub> (230.8 ± 4.32 nm) and PLGA<sub>160</sub> (157.9 ± 6.16 nm) nanoparticles were obtained by altering polymer amount based on experimental design results and characterized. Same number of PLGA<sub>230</sub> and PLGA<sub>160</sub> nanoparticles per cell were applied onto HEK293 cells; then, cytotoxicity, uptake kinetics and mechanism were evaluated by flow cytometry and fluorescent microscopy. Also same weight of PLGA<sub>230</sub> and PLGA<sub>160</sub> nanoparticles were applied and cellular uptake of these nanoparticles was evaluated. It was found that PLGA<sub>230</sub> nanoparticles had higher encapsulation efficiency and slower dye release compared to PLGA<sub>160</sub> nanoparticles. When they were applied at same counts per cell, PLGA<sub>230</sub> nanoparticles displayed faster and higher intracellular dye transfer than PLGA<sub>160</sub> nanoparticles. On the other hand, PLGA<sub>160</sub> appeared to be a more effective vehicle than PLGA<sub>230</sub> when applied at the same weight concentration. It was also shown that for both nanoparticles, HEK293 cells employed macropinocytic, caveolae- and clathrin-mediated endocytic pathways.
Improved spatial harmonic selection for SMASH image reconstructions (2001)

The fitting of coil sensitivity functions to spatial harmonics is central to image reconstructions using the simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH) technique. It has previously been shown that the selection of the set of spatial harmonics used in a SMASH reconstruction can have a noticeable effect on the quality of the reconstructed image. However, a mechanism for automatic selection of the best set of harmonics in any particular situation has not been provided. In this work, a modification to the SMASH reconstruction procedure is introduced that allows the use of a weighted average of all possible harmonics in a reconstruction. The new reconstruction procedure is shown to allow automatic selection of the spatial harmonics and substantially improve SNR for both phantom and in vivo images.
An Explainable and Statistically Validated Ensemble Clustering Model Applied to the Identification of Traumatic Brain Injury Subgroups (2020)

We present a framework for an explainable and statistically validated ensemble clustering model applied to Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). The objective of our analysis is to identify patient injury severity subgroups and key phenotypes that delineate these subgroups using varied clinical and computed tomography data. Explainable and statistically-validated models are essential because a data-driven identification of subgroups is an inherently multidisciplinary undertaking. In our case, this procedure yielded six distinct patient subgroups with respect to mechanism of injury, severity of presentation, anatomy, psychometric, and functional outcome. This framework for ensemble cluster analysis fully integrates statistical methods at several stages of analysis to enhance the quality and the explainability of results. This methodology is applicable to other clinical data sets that exhibit significant heterogeneity as well as other diverse data science applications in biomedicine and elsewhere.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF DIAMMONIUM ACETYL PHOSPHATE (1979)

Abstract Acetanhydrid (I), Phosphorsäure (II) und Ammoniak (III) liefern in Methanol das Diammonium‐acetylphosphat (IV).
Cross-Layer Approaches to Designing Reliable Systems Using Unreliable Chips (2008)

The design for manufacturing and yield (DFM&Y) is fast becoming an indispensable consideration in today's SoCs. Most current flows only consider manufacturability and yield at the lowest levels: process, layout and circuit. As such, these metrics are treated as an afterthought. With advanced process nodes, it has become increasingly expensive-and soon prohibitive-to guarantee bit level error free chips. The challenge now is to design reliable systems using chips that may have some faults. This has lead to approaches that consider DFM&Y at the system level where more benefit can be reaped, and to consider the problem across the design layers. This tutorial covers cross layer approach to design for DFM&Y spanning from the application all the way to manufacturing, overviews various techniques being explored today, and demonstrates its effectiveness on key applications including wireless, multimedia and imaging. We believe that this tutorial will benefit a large percentage of the attendees at VLSI Design 2008, and should elicit an excellent response at the VLSI Design 2008 conference, he tutorial is intended for application designers, chip architects, managers, CAD tool developers, researchers and students interested in System-on-Chip design, platform-based design methodologies, and trends in design for manufacturing and yield at the system level. Attendees should have basic (undergraduate-level) knowledge of VLSI Design and SoC design flows. Familiarity with architectural concepts such as IP based design, and applications such as wireless and multimedia is desirable, but not required. No specific knowledge of CAD tools or modeling languages is required for this tutorial.
Hydrodynamics and physics of soft objects/Hydrodynamique et physique des objets mous Synthetic cell elements from block copolymers - hydrodynamic aspects Éléments de cellules synthétiques provenant de copolymères en bloc (2003)

Amphiphilic block copolymers can self-assemble in water into various stable morphologies which resemble key cell structures, notably filaments and membranes. Filamentous ‘worms’ of copolymer, microns-long, are briefly introduced, and related dynamics of copolymer vesicle ‘polymersomes’ are reviewed. Fluorescence visualization of single worms stretched under flow demonstrates their stability as well as a means to control conformation. Polymersome membranes have been more thoroughly studied, especially copolymer molecular weight effects. We summarize results suggestive of a transition from Rouselike behavior to entangled chains. Viewed together, the results ask the question: what physics are needed next to mimic cell
Phase change memory in enterprise storage systems (2014)

Storage devices based on Phase Change Memory (PCM) devices are beginning to generate considerable attention in both industry and academic communities. But whether the technology in its current state will be a commercially and technically viable alternative to entrenched technologies such as flash-based SSDs still remains unanswered. To address this it is important to consider PCM SSD devices not just from a device standpoint, but also from a holistic perspective. This paper presents the results of our performance measurement study of a recent all-PCM SSD prototype. The average latency for 4 KB random read is 6.7 ?s, which is about 16x faster than a comparable eMLC flash SSD. The distribution of I/O response times is also much narrower than the flash SSD for both reads and writes. Based on real-world workload traces, we model a hypothetical storage device which consists of flash, HDD, and PCM to identify the combinations of device types that offer the best performance within cost constraints. Our results show that - even at current price points - PCM storage devices show promise as a new component in multi-tiered enterprise storage systems.
Strain compensated thin film stress gauges for stress wave measurements in the presence of lateral strain (1995)

Thin film stress gauges for the measurement of stress waves in solids are calibrated in a uniaxial strain field where the lateral strain components are zero. Frequently, measurements of stress are needed in situations where the lateral strain components are nonzero. The analysis of data often becomes that of best guess, or whatever seems most reasonable. This work is an attempt to quantify the effect of strain on stress gauge output, and to present a technique for strain compensation. To accomplish this, the theories of piezoresistive and piezoelectric films are used to develop equations of the gauge output in terms of normal stress and two components of lateral strain. Thus, with two strain gauges and one gauge that reads stress plus strain, a time-resolved stress history can be accurately determined.