gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
L2,3-subshell x-ray fluorescence and Coster-Kronig yields atZ=64 and 67 (1980)

The total Coster-Kronig transition probability ${f}_{23}$ for the ${L}_{2}\ensuremath{-}{L}_{3}$ transition and the ${L}_{2}$ and ${L}_{3}$ subshell x-ray fluorescence yields ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ were measured utilizing resolved $L\ensuremath{-}K$ x-ray coincidence techniques for $Z=64 \mathrm{and} 67$ with radioactive sources of 4.68 yr $^{155}\mathrm{Eu}$ and 10.4 h $^{165}\mathrm{Er}$, respectively. Improved accuracy in the results is achieved by advances in the experimental method. The values of ${f}_{23}$ are 0.130\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012 and 0.115\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.011 at $Z=64 \mathrm{and} 67$, respectively, and of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$ are 0.165\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.022 and 0.161\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.019 at $Z=64$, and 0.186\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.023 and 0.180\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.020 at $Z=67$, respectively. The quoted uncertainties are twice the average deviation from the mean of 12 values of ${f}_{23}$ and two values each of ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$ and ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$, and arise predominantly from systematic errors.RADIOACTIVITY $^{155}\mathrm{Eu}$; $^{165}\mathrm{Er}$; measured ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{2}$, ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{3}$, ${f}_{23}$ in ${L}_{2,3}$ subshells; $\mathrm{XX}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}t$ coin; Ge(HP)-Si(Li) detectors.
Sequential cooperative sensing for multi-channel cognitive radios (2010)

A sequential cooperative spectrum sensing algorithm is developed for multi-channel cognitive radio (CR) systems. Each CR quantizes the local observations to a single-bit datum per sample per channel, and relays the data sequentially to the fusion center for joint decision. The optimal trade-off between the sensing time and the sensing reliability is sought with the objective of maximizing the overall throughput of the CR system under prescribed “collision” probability constraints. A constrained dynamic programming formulation is developed and a reduced-complexity approximate solution is derived. Numerical tests verify the efficacy of cooperation and sequential processing for spectrum sensing.
Update in Tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Disease 2011 (2012)

The number of tuberculosis (TB) cases and global TB incidence rates is decreasing according to the latest World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis Report (1). This is very welcome news. However, the 8.8 million incident cases of TB, 1.1 million deaths from TB among HIV-negative people, the 350,000 deaths from HIV-associated TB, and the millions of children orphaned as a result of parental deaths caused by TB provide a stark reminder of the magnitude of devastation caused by TB each year. Advances in understanding TB epidemiology diagnosis and treatment in 2011, many of which were reported in the Journal, provide hope that the annual decline in TB cases will accelerate.
An end-to-end distributed video analytics system using HEVC annotated regions SEI message (2021)

The HEVC Annotated Regions (AR) SEI message supports object tracking by carrying parameters defining rectangular bounding boxes with unique object identifiers, time-aligned within a video bitstream. An end-to-end distributed video analytics pipeline utilizing the AR SEI message within the GStreamer framework has been implemented, with an edge node and a cloud server node. At the edge, light-weight face detection is performed, and face region parameters are used to create the AR SEI message syntax within an HEVC bitstream. At the cloud server, face regions are extracted from the decoded video and age and gender classification is performed. The HEVC bitstream is updated to include additional metadata in the AR SEI message.
The ATSC data broadcast Standard (2000)

The Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC) is about to complete its data broadcast standard. This specification will enable multimedia content providers to deliver applications using the broadband channels of digital television. This specification will also enable the integration of data based information technologies and television audio-visual services. The purpose of the paper is to provide a description of the most important principles making up the specification. More specifically, four components are presented: A collection of unidirectional delivery protocols, an application signaling framework for service discovery, an MPEG-2 Transport buffer model and finally, a Profile and Level-based classification of data services. The functionality provided by each of these components is reviewed.
Planar inverted-F antenna design for a fully implantable mechanical circulatory support system (2017)

Transcutaneous Energy Transfer (TET) is a promising solution to operate implantable mechanical blood pumps such as Left Ventricular Assist Devices (LVAD) without the need for a percutaneous driveline. In order to control the power flow of the wireless energy transfer system and in order to transmit sensor data, a wireless communication channel is needed. This paper describes the design of an implantable Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for the use with a TET system, which operates in the MedRadio band at 403.5 MHz and which is suitable for implantation depths of more than 20 mm. The focus of this work is on the practical implementation of the antenna, and the critical design parameters as well as the influence of the human tissue on the antenna design are discussed in detail. Finally, the antenna is built in hardware and the electrical characteristics of the antenna are measured using a muscle tissue mimicking liquid solution. The implemented antenna achieves nearly perfect impedance matching at 403.5 MHz with a return loss of more than 25 dB and a high gain of -26.3 dBi, even for a placement as deep as 20 mm within the tissue mimicking liquid. Numerical simulations further show that a maximum spatial-average SAR of 0.27 W/kg is achieved in the muscle model with the maximum allowed antenna input power of 9.35 dBm, which is a factor of six below the most stringent SAR limit of 1.6 W/kg.
A colour test for the measurement of antibody to certain mycoplasma species based upon the inhibition of acid production (1966)

A fermentation-inhibition test for the measurement of growth-inhibiting anti-body to acid-producing mycoplasmas was performed in microtitre plastic plates. M. pneumoniae, M. fermentans and the Negroni agent were selected for study. Antibody could be titrated since specific antiserum inhibited mycoplasma growth and the concomitant production of acid, thus preventing a change in colour of phenol red which was incorporated in the growth medium. It was essential to use unheated horse serum as a component of the growth medium. The inhibitory effect of specific antiserum was much decreased when the horse serum was heat-inacti-vated, indicating the need for a heat-labile accessory factor. The additional use of unheated guinea-pig serum was essential for demonstrating the growth-inhibiting effect of specific antiserum on the Negroni agent. The test was reproducible, specific and sensitive. Sixteen-fold or greater antibody rises were demonstrated in paired sera from volunteers infected with M. pneumoniae . Tests with ninety-five random adult sera showed that 22% had antibody to M. pneumoniae at a titre of 1/5 or more and 13–5% had antibody to M. fermentans .
Kisspeptin increased during reproductive ageing and is regulated by sympathetic nerve system (2015)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Coil−Globule Transition of Poly(Dimethylacrylamide):  Fluorescence and Light Scattering Study (2003)

We studied the coil−globule transition of a poly(dimethylacrylamide) (PDMA) chain (Mn = 2.5 × 105; Mw/Mn = 2.2) in methanol at several temperatures by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence and by dynamic light scattering. The polymer was randomly labeled with 0.5 mol % (PDMA05Py) and 1.1 mol % (PDMA11Py) of a pyrene derivative. Temperature breakpoints in both the excimer to monomer and dimer to monomer fluorescence intensity ratios were identified with the coil−globule transition temperature Tcg. We obtained Tcg= 46 ± 7 °C for PDMA05Py (8 × 10-8 M in methanol) and Tcg= 52 ± 6 °C for PDMA11Py (3 × 10-8 M in methanol). Time-resolved fluorescence measurements of these solutions were analyzed using an approach based on Tashiya's model for excimer formation in micelles. Using this model we were able to calculate the polymer radii for different temperatures and identify the coil−globule transition occurring around Tcg= 53 ± 3 °C for PDMA05Py and about Tcg= 55 ± 5 °C for PDMA11Py. Finally, the hydrodynamic radii of the polymers in methanol were measured by dynamic light scattering. In these measurements we had to use more concentrated solutions (ca. 3 × 10-5 M in methanol) in order to detect the transition of the coiled chains. Although we also detect extensive formation of multichain aggregates at this concentration, an abrupt variation of the isolated chain radius was observed at about 50 °C for PDMA05Py and 55 °C for PDMA11Py. Both the transition temperatures and the polymer radii are in good agreement with the results obtained from the fluorescence data and, to our knowledge, provide the first evidence that the coil−globule transition detected by fluorescence techniques coincides with the transition observed in light scattering measurements.
PRODUCTION OF CARBON PRODUCTS USING A COAL EXTRACTION PROCESS (2004)

This Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory sponsored project developed carbon products, using mildly hydrogenated solvents to extract the organic portion of coal to create synthetic pitches, cokes, carbon foam and carbon fibers. The focus of this effort was on development of lower cost solvents, milder hydrogenation conditions and improved yield in order to enable practical production of these products. This technology is needed because of the long-term decline in production of domestic feedstocks such as petroleum pitch and coal tar pitch. Currently, carbon products represents a market of roughly 5 million tons domestically, and 19 million tons worldwide. Carbon products are mainly derived from feedstocks such as petroleum pitch and coal tar pitch. The domestic supply of petroleum pitch is declining because of the rising price of liquid fuels, which has caused US refineries to maximize liquid fuel production. As a consequence, the long term trend has a decline in production of petroleum pitch over the past 20 years. The production of coal tar pitch, as in the case of petroleum pitch, has likewise declined significantly over the past two decades. Coal tar pitch is a byproduct of metallurgical grade coke (metcoke) production. In this industry, modern metcoke facilities are recycling coal tar as fuel in order to enhance energy efficiency and minimize environmental emissions. Metcoke production itself is dependent upon the production requirements for domestic steel. Hence, several metcoke ovens have been decommissioned over the past two decades and have not been replaced. As a consequence sources of coal tar are being taken off line and are not being replaced. The long-term trend is a reduction in coal tar pitch production. Thus import of feedstocks, mainly from Eastern Europe and China, is on the rise despite the relatively large transportation cost. To reverse this trend, a new process for producing carbon products is needed. The process must be economically competitive with current processes, and yet be environmentally friendly as well. The solvent extraction process developed uses mild hydrogenation of low cost oils to create powerful solvents that can dissolve the organic portion of coal. The insoluble portion, consisting mainly of mineral matter and fixed carbon, is removed via centrifugation or filtration, leaving a liquid solution of coal chemicals and solvent. This solution can be further refined via distillation to meet specifications for products such as synthetic pitches, cokes, carbon foam and fibers. The most economical process recycles 85% of the solvent, which itself is obtained as a low-cost byproduct from industrial processes such as coal tar or petroleum refining. Alternatively, processes have been developed that can recycle 100% of the solvent, avoiding any need for products derived from petroleum or coal tar.
Reinforcement Learning with Data Augmentation for Lane Change Decision-Making (2021)

In a lane change decision-making technique based on RL (Reinforcement Learning), most data is related to keeping a lane; on the contrary, the data related to lane change is sparse. Consequently, an ego-vehicle fails to learn its policy. To overcome this issue, we propose a new RL-based lane change decision-making technique that uses a safety inspection module and augmented data. The safety inspection module restrains the collision of the ego-vehicle and generates virtual augmented data acquired from lane change situations. The introduction of virtual augmented data mitigates sparse lane-change data problems, which results in performance improvement. We simulated the proposed technique using an open-source simulator called CARLA.
PPP2R2B CAG repeat length in the Han Chinese in Taiwan: Association analyses in neurological and psychiatric disorders and potential functional implications (2008)

PPP2R2B, a protein widely expressed in neurons throughout the brain, regulates the protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity for the microtubule-associated protein tau and other substrates. Altered PP2A activity has been implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia 12, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and other tauopathies. Through a case-control study and a reporter assay, we investigated the association of PPP2R2B CAG repeat polymorphism with Taiwanese AD, essential tremor (ET), Parkinson's disease (PD), and schizophrenia and clarified the functional implication of this polymorphism. The distribution of the alleles was not significantly different between patients and controls, with 68.6-76.1% alleles at lengths of 10, 13, and 16 triplets. No expanded alleles were detected in either group. However, the frequency of the individuals carrying the short 5-, 6-, and 7-triplet alleles was notably higher in patients with AD (5/180 [2.8%], Fisher's exact test, P = 0.003; including 2 homozygotes) and ET (4/132 [3.0%], Fisher's exact test, P < 0.001) than in the controls (1/625 [0.2%]). The PPP2R2B transcriptional activity was significantly lower in the luciferase reporter constructs containing the (CAG)(5-7) allele than in those containing the common 10-, 13-, and 16-triplet alleles in both neuroblastoma and embryonic kidney cells. Therefore, our preliminary results suggest that the PPP2R2B gene CAG repeat polymorphism may be functional and may, in part, play a role in conferring susceptibility to AD and ET in Taiwan.
Photogeneration of the Xanthyl Cation: .beta.-Cleavage from Excited State Ketones (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotogeneration of the Xanthyl Cation: .beta.-Cleavage from Excited State KetonesMary Frances Clifton, David J. Fenick, Susan M. Gasper, Daniel E. Falvey, and Mary K. BoydCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 26, 8023–8029Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00105a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00105a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adatom registry on Si(111)-(√3 × √3 )R30°-B (1990)

We have used tunneling microscopy to determine the binding site of adatoms on Si(111)-(\ensuremath{\surd}3 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} \ensuremath{\surd}3 )R30\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} stabilized by surface boron doping. The adatoms are found to occupy the ${\mathit{T}}_{4}$ binding site, regardless of either the local dopant concentration or the presence or absence of a substitutional boron atom directly underneath individual adatoms.
Experimental evaluation of throughput performance in broadband packet wireless access based on vsf-ofcdm and vsf-cdma (2004)

We recently proposed broadband packet wireless access based on variable spreading factor (VSF)-orthogonal frequency and code division multiplexing (OFCDM) in the forward link and variable spreading and chip repetition factors (VSCRF)-CDMA in the reverse link for the systems beyond IMT-2000. This paper presents experimental evaluations on the throughput performance of that proposed broadband packet wireless access scheme associated with adaptive modulation and channel coding (AMC) in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel employing the implemented base station (BS) and mobile station (MS) transceivers. The implemented OFCDM transceiver verifies the effectiveness of the combination of the OFCDM and AMC including QPSK and 16QAM data modulations with a fast round trip delay of 6 msec for improving the throughput performance by exploiting the frequency diversity effect in a broadband channel. The experimental results show that the throughput performance of 100 and 200 Mbps employing AMC is achieved at the average received signal energy per symbol-to-background noise power spectrum density ratio (E/sub s//N/sub 0/) of approximately 7.5 and 19 dB, respectively, for 15-code multiplexing for the spreading factor of SF=16 in the OFCDM forward link with a 100-MHz bandwidth, in a six-path fading channel with the fading maximum Doppler frequency of f/sub D/=20 Hz. Furthermore, we elucidate that the peak throughput of 20 Mbps is achieved at the average received E/sub s//N/sub 0/of approximately 9 dB by employing QPSK data modulation with R = 1/2 for three-code multiplexing for SF= 4 in a four-path fading channel in the broadband CDMA reverse link with a 40-MHz bandwidth.
Enhanced optical field intensity distribution in organic photovoltaic devices using external coatings (2006)

An external dielectric coating is shown to enhance energy conversion in an organic photovoltaic cell with metal anode and cathode by increasing the optical field intensity in the organic layers. Improved light incoupling in the device is modeled using transfer matrix simulations and is confirmed by in situ measurement of the photocurrent during growth of the coating. The optical field intensity in optimized cell geometries is predicted to exceed that in analogous devices using indium tin oxide, both cell types having equivalent anode sheet resistance, suggesting a broader range of compatible substrates (e.g., metal foils) and device processing techniques.
Identification of new genomic sources for aluminum tolerance in hexaploid wheat breedinglines using phenotypic and genotypic screening (2020)

The present study was investigated in a set of 45 hexaploid
wheat breeding lines collected from South Africa,
Kenya, Egypt, Cameroon, Ethiopia and Australia for acid
soil with aluminum tolerance through phenotypic and
genotypic screening. Among these, Betta (acid soil-sensitive),
Atlas 66 (acid soil-tolerant) and Chinese spring
(partially tolerant) were included as standard controls
cultivars for phenotypic and genotypic analysis, while
four international standard check varieties (Carazinho,
Egret, ES8, ET8) were used when studying the allelic variations
of resistance gene (MATE1B). These accessions
were phenotyped in a greenhouse experiment and genotyped
through genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS). Standard
checks showed a citrate efflux concentration of 8.6
μmol (Atlas66), 7.66 μmol (Chinese spring) and 6.1 μmol
(Betta) and among the evaluated genotypes, 18 best lines
were selected for their high tolerance through phenotypic
screening. Furthermore, the GBS protocol used for characterizing
genetically accessions have produced 80 124
single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. So, we
defined SNP haplotypes around the MATE1B gene and
identified 4 markers defining three distinct haplotypes
around, where accessions have carried the alleles CATA
for haplotype A, CGCG for haplotype B, and TGCG for
haplotype C. For all traits, the phenotypes corresponding
to haplotype A were significantly highest than others. To
conclude, we suggest that SNP markers associated with
haplotype A will provide a useful tool in marker-assisted
breeding programs to improve wheat productivity in acid
soil under aluminum toxicity conditions.
A Comparison of Short-Channel Control in Planar Bulk and Fully Depleted Devices (2012)

The short-channel effects (SCEs) of planar bulk and fully depleted finFET devices have been compared using the same junction overlap and lateral gradient, and it is shown that, for finFET devices, a significant component of electrostatic control arises from a naturally present shallow extension junction. When such shallow junctions are applied to a bulk device, we show that the SCE becomes comparable to that of a finFET. Furthermore, we show that, if an embedded source/drain stressor is incorporated in a bulk device, it will not degrade the short-channel benefit of the ultrashallow junctions. The ability to span a wide power/performance range by doping and the improvement in SCEs by the use of ultrashallow extension junctions can potentially extend the life of bulk-type technologies.
Deletions and Point Mutations of LRRC50 Cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia Due to Dynein Arm Defects (2020)

Genetic defects affecting motility of cilia and flagella cause chronic destructive airway disease, randomization of left-right body asymmetry, and, frequently, male infertility in primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). The most frequent defects involve outer and inner dynein arms (ODAs and IDAs) that are large multiprotein complexes responsible for cilia-beat generation and regulation, respectively. Here, we demonstrate that large genomic deletions, as well as point mutations involving LRRC50, are responsible for a distinct PCD variant that is characterized by a combined defect involving assembly of the ODAs and IDAs. Functional analyses showed that LRRC50 deficiency disrupts assembly of distally and proximally DNAH5- and DNAI2-containing ODA complexes, as well as DNALI1-containing IDA complexes, resulting in immotile cilia. On the basis of these findings, we assume that LRRC50 plays a role in assembly of distinct dynein-arm complexes.