gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hole Transport in Poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)-alt-bithiophene] and High-Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells from Its Blends with PCBM (2009)

We report herein a detailed study of the thermal and hole-transport properties of poly[2,7-(9,9-dihexylfluorene)-alt-bithiophene] (F6T2) and its photovoltaic performance in a bulk-heterojunction (BHJ) solar cell. This crystalline polymer has a high weight-average molecular weight (M(w) = 52 400) with a polydispersity index of 1.99. With a band gap of 2.36 eV, F6T2 exhibits strong absorption in the 300-500 nm region. BHJ solar cells blending F6T2 with [6,6]-phenyl-C(61)-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) (1:3 weight ratio) as the active layer present a high open-circuit voltage (V(oc) approximately 0.9 V) and a promising power conversion efficiency of 2.4% under simulated solar light AM1.5G (100 mW/cm(2)). Furthermore, F6T2 shows sufficient hole mobility [ca. 8.4 x 10(-5) cm(2)/(V s) at 310 K and 2.5 x 10(5) V/cm applied electric field] by a time-of-flight transient photocurrent technique, allowing efficient charge extraction and a good fill factor for solar cell application. Nanoscale phase separation was observed in F6T2/PCBM films with a surface roughness lower than 60 nm.
Identification of three sequence motifs in the transcription termination factor Sen1 that mediate direct interactions with Nrd1 (2018)

Abstract The Nrd1-Nab3-Sen1 (NNS) complex carries out the transcription termination of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in yeast, although the detailed interactions among its subunits remain obscure. Here we have identified three sequence motifs in Sen1 that mediate direct interactions with the RNA polymerase II CTD interaction domain (CID) of Nrd1, determined the crystal structures of these Nrd1 interaction motifs (NIMs) bound to the CID, and characterized the interactions in vitro and in yeast.
Facial expression recognition combined with robust face detection in a convolutional neural network (2004)

Reliable detection of ordinary facial expressions (e.g., smile) despite the variability among individuals as well as face appearance is an important step toward the realization of perceptual user interface and the next generation imaging system with autonomous perception of persons. We describe a robust facial expression recognition system using the result of face detection by a convolutional neural network and rule-based processing. In this study, we address the problem of subject independence as well as translation, rotation, and scale invariance in the recognition of facial expression. The result shows reliable detection of smiles with recognition rate of 97.6% for 5600 still images of more than 10 subjects. The proposed algorithm demonstrated the ability to discriminate smiling from talking based on the saliency score in the proposed algorithm. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first facial expression recognition model with the property of subject independence combined with robustness to variability in facial appearance.
Effects of Heterogeneous Reaction and Slow/Rapid Volatilization Process on N2O Formation During the Combustion of Pulverized Biomass (2011)

The purpose of this study is to clarify the fundamental and general features of N2O formation during the combustion of pulverized biomass under low temperature. First, the effect of various important factors, i.e., volatilization process (i.e., either slow or rapid dispersion), oxygen concentration, and solid-gas reaction on N2O formation were investigated by theoretical analysis. The analysis of the effect of the slow/rapid volatilization process on the formation of nitrous oxide showed that the conversion ratio of biomass-N to N2O increases with the decrease in the dispersion of volatile matter per unit time; it means that biomass-N is effectively converted to N2O during slow volatilization. The analysis of the effect of initial oxygen concentration on the formation of nitrous oxide showed that at low temperature (T = 1100K), the level of N2O emission increases, while that of NO emission decreases, with the decrease in initial oxygen concentration. In other words, there is a trade-off relationship between the formation of NO and that of N2O. With respect to the effect of solid-gas reaction, the gasification reactions between CO2, O2, and C(s) occur simultaneously on the surface of biomass particles during combustion. Further, the N2O emission level increases with the increase in N-content of the biomass, while the NO emission level remains constant during low-temperature combustion.
Development of a safe dexamethasone-eluting electrode array for cochlear implantation (2014)

The dexamethasone doses used were safe in the guinea pig cochlea. Dexamethasone did not inhibit formation of a cochleostomy seal. The level of hearing protection afforded by dexamethasone eluting from an intracochlear array may depend upon the degree of elution and level of trauma inflicted.
120-Gb/s NRZ-DQPSK signal generation by a thin-lithium-niobate-substrate modulator (2010)

A high-speed DQPSK optical modulator is fabricated with a thin lithium niobate substrate. Decrease in the propagation loss of electrodes and a low half-wave voltage, which can be realized by fabrication of a ridge-type optical waveguide structure, can help achieve 120-Gb/s (60-Gbaud) NRZ-DQPSK modulation with full electrical-time-division-multiplexing technique.
A Novel Approach for Skew Estimation of Document Images in OCR System (2005)

Optical character recognition (OCR) is an area which has always received special attention. OCR systems are typically built on the strategy of divide and conquer, rather than recognizing documents at one go. They utilize several stages during the course of recognition. There have been many stages in a typical OCR system, preprocessing stage in considered to be indispensable. An input image or information need to be normalized and converted into format acceptable by OCR system. OCR systems typically assume that documents were printed with a single direction of the text and that the acquisition process did not introduce a relevant skew. Practically this assumption is not very strong and printed document could be skewed at some angle with horizontal axis. In this paper, we have proposed a new technique for skew estimation of image document. In the proposed scheme, multiscale properties of an image are utilized together with principal component analysis to estimate the orientation of principal axis of clustered data.
A protocol based approach to specifying interoperability between objects (2002)

Interoperability is the ability of two or more software modules to communicate and cooperate with each other. The interoperability problem arises when software developers want to reuse legacy software systems, or when software systems are componentized and these components need to be connected in order to work together. Software modules can be functions, objects, or components which consist of multiple functions or objects. We focus on the specification of software components in object oriented systems. Traditionally, interoperability checking is performed by signature matching between an invoking function and a function being invoked. Function level signature matching techniques are not sufficient for software components in object oriented systems since an object encapsulates a set of data and functions, and a component may contain more than one object. We first describe the interoperability problems of software modules both in the procedural and object oriented paradigms, and then review current approaches and compare them. Based on the review, we propose a new interoperable component model (ICM) that enhances software reusability and maintainability.
DLC/Si multilayer mirrors for EUV radiation (2010)

In this paper, a new type of spectral filter mirrors for extreme ultraviolet radiation based on DLC/Si multilayer coatings is presented (DLC - diamond-like carbon). The coating is nearly transparent for infrared radiation (IR) of &lambda; = 10.6 nm but highly reflective at &lambda; = 13.5 nm (EUV). We deposited DLC/Si multilayers by ion beam sputter deposition with 40 and 60 periods exhibiting maximum EUV reflectances of about R<sub>max</sub> = 43 % and R<sub>max</sub> = 50 %, respectively. Combining IR antireflective and EUV reflective coatings, first prototype mirrors have been fabricated with an EUV reflectance of about 42.5 % and an IR reflectance of about 4.4 % at the same time. Investigations on the thermal behavior of the multilayer stack and the cleaning properties for tin contaminated mirror surfaces have been carried out. Excellent stabilities of EUV peak position and reflectance values have been found using annealing temperatures of up to 700 &deg;C. Furthermore, several cycles of Sn etching under H<sub>2</sub> reactive conditions have been applied to the mirrors without significant changes of the filter performance.
Measurement and control of spatial qubits generated by passing photons through double slits (2008)

We present an experimental study of the nonclassical correlations of a pair of spatial qubits formed by passing two down-converted photons through a pair of double slits. After confirming the entanglement generated in our setup by quantum tomography using separate measurements of the slit images and the interference patterns, we show that the complete Hilbert space of the spatial qubits can be accessed by measurements performed in a single plane between the image plane and the focal plane of a lens. Specifically, it is possible to obtain both the which-path and the interference information needed for quantum tomography in a single scan of the transversal distribution of photon coincidences. Since this method can easily be extended to multidimensional systems, it may be a valuable tool in the application of spatial qudits to quantum-information processes.
On the Role of Communications Plane in Distributed Optimization of Power Systems (2017)

Distributed optimization methods have been widely studied in recent years as they could be instrumental in optimizing the operation of future power systems. Compared to the centralized approach, communications will have greater impact on distributed methods as their performance depends heavily on the information exchange among multiple control entities. However, it is not clear what communications infrastructures and technologies should be adopted for distributed methods in practice. To investigate this issue and bridge the gap between the power system communications research community and the distributed optimization research community, this paper models the communications infrastructures and schemes required by distributed methods using the OPNET modeler. The capabilities and limitations of centralized and distributed communications infrastructures are investigated in terms of communications delays incurred and their impact on the convergence of two distributed algorithms, namely, Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM) and Optimality Condition Decomposition (OCD) for solving the AC Optimal Power Flow problem in the IEEE 118-bus system and in the large-scale Polish power system. Our simulation results show that the existing communications plane in power systems might not be able to support widely used distributed optimization techniques (such as ADMM and OCD), which is a major finding. In addition, our results indicate that the connectivity requirements of distributed optimization necessitate a mesh network architecture with additional communications links among substations.
Blind estimation of direct sequence spread spectrum signals in multipath (2002)

This paper focuses on blind estimation of the time delay, multipath parameters and unknown spreading code of a direct sequence spread spectrum (DS-SS) signal. This information may be useful for interception or jamming purposes, or for acquiring a new user in a multiuser CDMA system. A multirate, discrete-time model of the spread spectrum signal is introduced, which links this problem with array processing techniques. In this framework, we borrow blind channel estimation ideas, originally developed in the context of fractionally spaced equalizers or receivers with multiple antennas. Linear solutions are obtained, which are independent of the input distribution. A zero-forcing receiver/equalizer is proposed and its performance is analyzed. Finally, some illustrative simulations are presented.
Information modeling system for blast furnace smelting control (2015)

Welcome to the WIT Press eLibrary - the home of the Transactions of the Wessex Institute collection, providing on-line access to papers presented at the Institute's prestigious international conferences and from its State-of-the-Art in Science & Engineering publications.
The Unbiased Search of Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases (2016)

A clear link exists between the extension of life expectancy throughout the world and the increased incidence of age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's are chronic diseases with devastating consequences for patients and their families. They also represent a major economic cost for society. Therapeutic progress has been made mainly by alleviating some of the symptoms of these diseases, but currently no cure is available. Attempts to develop new therapies have been hampered mainly because of gaps in our current knowledge about the pathogenic mechanism underlying neurodegeneration, making difficult the identification of targets for new drug development, and also because of the lack of biomarkers essential for early diagnosis, patient stratification and follow up of treatment. Taking advantage of the latest technical developments, proteomics and peptidomics based approaches are being used to identify new cellular pathophysiological pathways as well as biomarkers in biological fluids. Here we will review the results, mainly published in the last five years, of unbiased proteomics and peptidomics approaches for biomarker research using biological fluids of Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis patients.
PULSED ACOUSTICS FOR BIOFOULING CONTROL IN HEAT EXCHANGERS AND PIPING SYSTEMS (2023)

The use of acoustic pulses generated by an electrical discharge was investigated as a means for controlling biological fouling in a 20-foot long, 2-inch diameter (schedule 40 NPS) titanium pipe with seawater flowing at 2.2 feet per second. In the test described herein, a strap-on pulsed acoustic source was field-tested at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Carderock Division (NSWCCD) Marine Corrosion Test Facility, Dania, FL over a seventeen-day period. The test results demonstrated that there was less biological fouling on the pipe treated with the pulsed acoustic source than on an untreated pipe used as a control. This paper provides photographs that illustrate the reduced fouling on the pipe treated with the pulsed acoustic device. Additionally, environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) images of test coupons show fewer organisms on the acoustically treated pipe. The work necessary to develop the pulsed acoustic technology into a practical device applicable to heat exchangers and condensers is discussed.
Synthesis and catalytic activity of periodic mesoporous materials incorporating gold nanoparticles (2005)

A mesoporous silica containing gold nanoparticles (mpAu–SiO2) has been obtained by one pot synthesis, starting from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and colloidal gold particles (2–5 nm) stabilized with N-[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl] O-2(dicetylmethylammonium)ethyl urethane. This stabilizer ligand interacts with gold nanoparticles through the quaternary ammonium ions, whose long chains also show affinity for the cetyltrimethylammonium surfactant. On the other hand, the triethoxysilyl group is adequate to undergo co-condensation with TEOS during the formation of the silica. The periodic mesoporous structure of the mpAu–SiO2 materials was assessed by X-ray diffraction, TEM and isothermal gas adsorption of calcined mpAu–SiO2 (SBET 488 m2×g−1, pore size 3.5 nm). This material exhibits high activity and reusability for the solventless, aerobic oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones.
Nonlinear Effects in the Nanophase Segregation of Polyelectrolyte Gels (2009)

Polyelectrolyte gels with hydrophobic backbones exhibit complex phase behavior, such as the formation of various nanophases, that involves local segregation of the monomers. The formation of these inhomogeneous phases is mainly the consequence of the possible interactions on different length scales in the system, with electrostatic effects dominating over large length scales. In this work, we demonstrate the formation of nanophases in a model for a system of salt-free gel that incorporates entropic, elastic, electrostatic as well as solvent interactions. In particular, we analyze the system using both linear and nonlinear methods. Whereas the linear approximation properly identifies the region of instability against nanophase formation, it does not properly describe such nonlinear effects as the formation of very sharp interfaces between the nanosegregated regions. We further investigate the periodicity dependence as well as monomer and charge distributions for the gel as functions of different physical system parameters. Consequently, we determine that the range of solvent quality for nanophase segregation increases with increasing charge fraction and decreasing cross-link density.
Comparing lighting quality evaluations of real scenes with those from high dynamic range and conventional images (2010)

Thirty-nine participants viewed six interior scenes in an office/laboratory building and rated them for brightness, uniformity, pleasantness, and glare. The scenes were viewed in three presentation modes: participants saw the real space and images of the spaces on a 17-inch computer monitor in both conventional and high dynamic range (HDR) mode. HDR mode allowed the high range of luminances in the real scene to be accurately reproduced, with maximum luminances more than 10 times higher than those in the conventional images. For those participants who saw the images before the real spaces (the most relevant order for practical applications), the HDR images were rated as significantly more realistic than the conventional images. However, this effect was limited to scenes with relatively large areas of high luminance, which in this study was represented by scenes with windows and daylight. Ratings of the HDR images were significantly related to simple photometric descriptors of the images in the expected manner: Brightness and glare ratings were positively correlated with overall and elevated luminance, and nonuniformity ratings were positively correlated with luminance variability. These results suggest that for evaluations of visual appearance of interior scenes featuring large areas of high luminance, the HDR method may be used as a surrogate for experiencing a real space both for lighting quality research, and in the design process.
Phase-dependent deterministic switching of magnetoelectric spin wave detector in the presence of thermal noise via compensation of demagnetization (2015)

The possibility of achieving phase-dependent deterministic switching of the magnetoelectric spin wave detector in the presence of thermal noise has been discussed. The proposed idea relies on the modification of the energy landscape by partially canceling the out-of-plane demagnetizing field and the resultant change in the intrinsic magnetization dynamics to drive the nanomagnet towards a preferential final magnetization state. The remarkable increase in the probability of successful switching can be accounted for by the shift in the location of the saddle point in the energy landscape and a resultant change in the nature of the relaxation dynamics of the magnetization from a highly precessional to a fairly damped one and an increased dependence on the initial magnetization values, a crucial requirement for phase-dependent spin wave detection.
POWR1 is a domestication gene pleiotropically regulating seed quality and yield in soybean (2022)

Seed protein, oil content and yield are highly correlated agronomically important traits that essentially account for the economic value of soybean. The underlying molecular mechanisms and selection of these correlated seed traits during soybean domestication are, however, less known. Here, we demonstrate that a CCT gene, POWR1, underlies a large-effect protein/oil QTL. A causative TE insertion truncates its CCT domain and substantially increases seed oil content, weight, and yield while decreasing protein content. POWR1 pleiotropically controls these traits likely through regulating seed nutrient transport and lipid metabolism genes. POWR1 is also a domestication gene. We hypothesize that the TE insertion allele is exclusively fixed in cultivated soybean due to selection for larger seeds during domestication, which significantly contributes to shaping soybean with increased yield/seed weight/oil but reduced protein content. This study provides insights into soybean domestication and is significant in improving seed quality and yield in soybean and other crop species.
High Performance Ceria/Bismuth Oxide Bilayered Electrolyte IT-SOFC (2009)

This study examines the incremental improvement in SOFC performance comprised of components prepared from a wide range of techniques-from pressed anodes to tape-cast anodes, from GDC single-layer electrolytes to ESB/GDC bilayer, and from LSCF-GDC composite cathodes to optimized BRO7-ESB composites. GDC single-layer electrolyte based SOFCs were prepared from two different fabrications and exhibit maximum power densities ranging from 338 to 407 mW/cm2, at 650 {degree sign}C. At each fabrication stage, an ESB layer was applied to form a bilayer electrolyte. ESB was deposited by screen printing and drop coating. The result confirms that depending on a fabrication route the bilayer electrolyte can reduce the total ASR 33~48 % and increase the maximum power density 51~74 %. Using a combination of the materials and fabrication routes, a maximum power density of 808 mW/cm2 and 0.133 total cell ASR was achieved at 650 {degree sign}C for a bilayer cell.
Transport and trajectory of cough-induced bimodal aerosol in an air-conditioned space (2020)

Aerosol generated from a human cough can be a potential major indoor health risk due to the possible transmission of infectious respiratory diseases to surrounding individuals within the same room and even could spread out via air-ventilation/conditioning systems. This study aims to investigate the transport characteristics and trajectory of coughed aerosols under the influence of conditioned air ventilation as well as near-by human breathing zone using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). An experimental system consisting of air-conditioned space with multiple inlets and outlets, a cough simulator and a receiver was built to validate the CFD predictions. The comparison is in good agreement. The CFD model was established as a transient three-dimensional multiphase multicomponent Eulerian–Lagrangian model and numerically solved using commercial software ANSYS Fluent. Both gas and liquid phases were modelled as multicomponent mixtures. With this CFD model, the indoor transport and trajectory of coughed aerosols can be accounted for the distributions of portions inhaled by each manikin, deposited on surfaces of manikins and chamber walls, as well as recirculated back into the ventilation system. Results reveal that the aerosol source location and the ambient air movement can be crucial factors of aerosol trajectory in terms of direct and indirect influence.