gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of detecting clinical trial elements in exploration of COVID-19\n literature (2021)

The COVID-19 pandemic has driven ever-greater demand for tools which enable\nefficient exploration of biomedical literature. Although semi-structured\ninformation resulting from concept recognition and detection of the defining\nelements of clinical trials (e.g. PICO criteria) has been commonly used to\nsupport literature search, the contributions of this abstraction remain poorly\nunderstood, especially in relation to text-based retrieval. In this study, we\ncompare the results retrieved by a standard search engine with those filtered\nusing clinically-relevant concepts and their relations. With analysis based on\nthe annotations from the TREC-COVID shared task, we obtain quantitative as well\nas qualitative insights into characteristics of relational and concept-based\nliterature exploration. Most importantly, we find that the relational concept\nselection filters the original retrieved collection in a way that decreases the\nproportion of unjudged documents and increases the precision, which means that\nthe user is likely to be exposed to a larger number of relevant documents.\n
iCVI-ARTMAP: Accelerating and improving clustering using adaptive resonance theory predictive mapping and incremental cluster validity indices (2020)

This paper presents an adaptive resonance theory predictive mapping (ARTMAP) model which uses incremental cluster validity indices (iCVIs) to perform unsupervised learning, namely iCVI-ARTMAP. Incorporating iCVIs to the decision-making and many-to-one mapping capabilities of ARTMAP can improve the choices of clusters to which samples are incrementally assigned. These improvements are accomplished by intelligently performing the operations of swapping sample assignments between clusters, splitting and merging clusters, and caching the values of variables when iCVI values need to be recomputed. Using recursive formulations enables iCVI-ARTMAP to considerably reduce the computational burden associated with cluster validity index (CVI)-based offline clustering. Depending on the iCVI and the data set, it can achieve running times up to two orders of magnitude shorter than when using batch CVI computations. In this work, the incremental versions of Calinski-Harabasz, WB-index, Xie-Beni, Davies-Bouldin, Pakhira-Bandyopadhyay-Maulik, and negentropy increment were integrated into fuzzy ARTMAP. Experimental results show that, with proper choice of iCVI, iCVI-ARTMAP outperformed fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (ART), dual vigilance fuzzy ART, kmeans, spectral clustering, Gaussian mixture models and hierarchical agglomerative clustering algorithms in most of the synthetic benchmark data sets. It also performed competitively on real world image benchmark data sets when clustering on projections and on latent spaces generated by a deep clustering model. Naturally, the performance of iCVI-ARTMAP is subject to the selected iCVI and its suitability to the data at hand; fortunately, it is a general model wherein other iCVIs can be easily embedded.
Electrical Engineering Fundamentals (2020)

Many, in their quest for knowledge in engineering, find typical textbooks intimidating. Perhaps due to an extensive amount of physics theory, an overwhelming barrage of math, and not enough practical application of the engineering principles, laws, and equations. Therein lies the difference between this text and those voluminous and daunting conventional university engineering textbooks. This text leads the reader into more complex and abstract content after explaining the electrical engineering concepts and principles in an easy to understand fashion, supported by analogies borrowed from day-to-day examples and other engineering disciplines. Many complex electrical engineering concepts, for example, power factor, are examined from multiple perspectives, aided by diagrams, illustrations, and examples that the reader can easily relate to. Throughout this book, the reader will gain a clear and strong grasp of electrical engineering fundamentals, and a&nbsp;better understanding of electrical engineering terms, concepts, principles, laws, analytical techniques, solution strategies, and computational techniques. The reader will also develop the ability to communicate with professional electrical engineers, controls engineers, and electricians&nbsp;on their "wavelength" with greater confidence. Study of this book can help develop skills and preparation necessary for succeeding in the&nbsp;electrical engineering portion of various certification and licensure exams, including Fundamentals of Engineering (FE), Professional Engineering (PE), Certified Energy Manager (CEM), and many other trade certification tests. This text can serve as a compact and simplified electrical engineering desk reference. This book provides a brief introduction to the NEC®, the Arc-Flash Code, and a better understanding of electrical energy and associated cost. If you need to gain a better understanding of myriad battery alternatives available in the market, their strengths and weaknesses, and how batteries compare with capacitors as energy storage devices, this book can be a starting point. This book is ideal for engineers, engineering students, facility managers, engineering managers, program/project managers, and other executives who do not possess a&nbsp;current working knowledge of electrical engineering. Because of the simple explanations, analogies, and practical examples employed by the author, this book serves as an excellent learning tool for non-engineers, technical writers, attorneys, electrical sales professionals, energy professionals, electrical equipment procurement agents, construction managers, facility managers, and maintenance managers.
Meeting the challenges of 157-nm microstepper technology (2002)

For the aim of fabricating next-generation semiconductor devices, researchers are now attempting to enhance 157-nm lithography so as to achieve 70-nm node level various circuit designs. Many of the challenges for 157-nm technology such as contamination and purge control, calcium fluoride intrinsic birefringence, finding resists with suitable performance characteristics, have been performed. The major challenge, in terms of stability of tool performance, has been the apparent accumulation of contamination on the bottom of the objective. This has been evidenced by a reduction in resolution performance and an increase in the non-uniformity of the illumination intensity across the image plane. Uniformity over the entire imaging field has increased from 0.58% to as much as 18.5% through the use of the tool. This paper reports our demonstration that loss of uniformity due to contamination from resist outgassing can be reversed by cleaning the bottom surface of the lens of 157-nm microstepper (Ultratech Stepper Inc.) in- situ using 157-nm light and a small concentration of O<SUB>2</SUB> in the N<SUB>2</SUB> purging for exposure area. With an in-situ oxygen (O<SUB>2</SUB>) and vacuum ultra violet (VUV) cleaning, the uniformity of over the full imaging field has been improved from 18.5% to 6.0%. The edges of the imaging field do not recover as well during a cleaning as the center of the field, as the central 0.5 mm diameter of the field uniformity has been improved to more or less 2.0%. The procedure of this in-situ O<SUB>2</SUB> cleaning will also be introduced, and in addition to this in-situ O<SUB>2</SUB> cleaning, some recent results in system performance will be shown and many of these challenges will be discussed.
Towards Selective Mycobacterial ClpP1P2 Inhibitors with Reduced Activity against the Human Proteasome (2017)

<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> is responsible for the greatest number of deaths worldwide due to a bacterial agent. We recently identified bortezomib (Velcade; compound 1) as a promising antituberculosis (anti-TB) compound. We showed that compound 1 inhibits the mycobacterial caseinolytic proteases P1 and P2 (ClpP1P2) and exhibits bactericidal activity, and we established compound 1 and ClpP1P2 as an attractive lead/target couple. However, compound 1 is a human-proteasome inhibitor currently approved for cancer therapy and, as such, exhibits significant toxicity. Selective inhibition of the bacterial protease over the human proteasome is desirable in order to maintain antibacterial activity while reducing toxicity. We made use of structural data in order to design a series of dipeptidyl-boronate derivatives of compound 1. We tested these derivatives for whole-cell ClpP1P2 and human-proteasome inhibition as well as bacterial-growth inhibition and identified compounds that were up to 100-fold-less active against the human proteasome but that retained ClpP1P2 and mycobacterial-growth inhibition as well as bactericidal potency. The lead compound, compound 58, had low micromolar ClpP1P2 and anti-<i>M. tuberculosis</i> activity, good aqueous solubility, no cytochrome P450 liabilities, moderate plasma protein binding, and low toxicity in two human liver cell lines, and despite high clearance in microsomes, this compound was only moderately cleared when administered intravenously or orally to mice. Higher-dose oral pharmacokinetics indicated good dose linearity. Furthermore, compound 58 was inhibitory to only 11% of a panel of 62 proteases. Our work suggests that selectivity over the human proteasome can be achieved with a drug-like template while retaining potency against ClpP1P2 and, crucially, anti-<i>M. tuberculosis</i> activity.
Water‐selective excitation of short T2 species with binomial pulses (2013)

Overall, for imaging of short-lived T2 components, short 1-1 binomial excitation schemes prove to offer marginal signal loss especially at ultra-high fields with overall improved scanning efficiency.
Timing, Energy, and 3-D Spatial Resolution of the BING PET Detector Module (2022)

We evaluated the 3D spatial, energy, and timing resolution of the Brain (or Breast)-Initiative Next-Generation (BING) PET detector. The BING detector is an array of 1-mm-thick slats of LYSO scintillator with lapped specular-reflective faces (15-mm by 52-mm) that are stacked together and oriented with their long-narrow edges normal to the imaging field of view. Interaction positions are determined from the signals of silicon-photomultiplier (SiPM) arrays placed on the entrance (top) and exit (bottom) faces. The SiPM arrays are offset to determine the slat of interaction (SOI) without requiring any optical light sharing between slats. Maximum likelihood 2D location within the SOI is determined using the sensor signals. Interaction time is determined with a modified first-optical-photon pickoff method. Performance of the BING detector was measured as a function of position using a sideways coincidence-collimated beam. Slats were accurately identified, with an effective tangential detector resolution of 1 mm. Average resolutions (and ranges) are: 0.96 mm (0.85 mm to 1.11 mm) for lateral (axial) detector resolution, 1.6 mm (1.0 mm to 2.1 mm) for depth resolution, 13.6% (12.7% to 16.0%) for energy resolution, and 317 ps (241 ps to 404 ps) for coincidence timing resolution. Initial spatial and timing resolution results demonstrated that the BING detector can be effective in a small field-of view (e.g., brain or breast) PET system.
Rapid Dose Escalation Study of Praliciguat, a Soluble Guanylate Cyclase Stimulator, in Patients with Diabetes and Hypertension (2018)

Background: Impaired nitric oxide (NO) signaling through soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) has been associated with microvascular complications of diabetes. Praliciguat (IW-1973), an sGC stimulator that enhances NO signaling, reduced fasting plasma glucose and proteinuria in an animal model of diabetic nephropathy. In a Phase 1 clinical study in healthy adults, doses of 15-40 mg were tolerated and lowered blood pressure (BP). Methods: This Phase 2a open-label in-clinic study assessed the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics of oral praliciguat in 11 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and hypertension on stable glycemic and BP therapy. Patients received sequential 3-day dosing cycles escalating through placebo (PBO), 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg praliciguat QD. Assessments included adverse events (AEs), blood chemistry, ambulatory BP and heart rate, platelet function, and reactive hyperemia index (RHI). Results: The escalating dose regimen was generally well tolerated; there were no serious or severe AEs. Escalation in 2 patients was stopped due to asymptomatic BP lowering. Overall PK showed a median Tmax of 1-3 h, low to moderate variability, and ∼2-fold accumulation supporting QD dosing. Average 12-h daytime mean arterial BP decreased by 2 to 9 mmHg relative to time-matched PBO baseline across praliciguat dose levels, while heart rate increased 4 to 7 bpm. Notable changes from PBO baseline [mean (95% CI)] at the end of treatment were seen for fasting serum glucose [-26.5 mg/dL (-43.4, -9.5], HbA1c [-0.4% (-0.8, -0.04)], cholesterol [-43 mg/dL (-67, -20)], and body weight [-3.5 kg (-4.9, -2.0)]. Praliciguat had no effect on RHI or platelet function. Conclusion: T2DM patients with hypertension on standard therapy showed improvements in hemodynamics and metabolic parameters in this small in-clinic study. These results support further evaluation of praliciguat in T2DM patients including those with complications. Disclosure J.P. Hanrahan: Employee; Self; Ironwood. J.D. Wakefield: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. P.J. Wilson: None. D.P. Zimmer: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. M. Mihova: None. J. Chickering: None. D. Ruff: None. M.L. Hall: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. M. Currie: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc. G. Milne: Employee; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Stock/Shareholder; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals, Inc.. Employee; Spouse/Partner; Catabasis Pharmaceuticals. Stock/Shareholder; Spouse/Partner; Catabasis Pharmaceuticals. A.T. Profy: Other Relationship; Self; Ironwood Pharmaceuticals.
Table S5 from Proteogenomics Uncovers a Vast Repertoire of Shared Tumor-Specific Antigens in Ovarian Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S5&lt;/p&gt;
Recombinant Protein Truncation Strategy for Inducing Bactericidal Antibodies to the Macrophage Infectivity Potentiator Protein of Neisseria meningitidis and Circumventing Potential Cross-Reactivity with Human FK506-Binding Proteins (2014)

A recombinant macrophage infectivity potentiator (rMIP) protein of Neisseria meningitidis induces significant serum bactericidal antibody production in mice and is a candidate meningococcal vaccine antigen. However, bioinformatics analysis of MIP showed some amino acid sequence similarity to human FK506-binding proteins (FKBPs) in residues 166 to 252 located in the globular domain of the protein. To circumvent the potential concern over generating antibodies that could recognize human proteins, we immunized mice with recombinant truncated type I rMIP proteins that lacked the globular domain and the signal leader peptide (LP) signal sequence (amino acids 1 to 22) and contained the His purification tag at either the N or C terminus (C-term). The immunogenicity of truncated rMIP proteins was compared to that of full (i.e., full-length) rMIP proteins (containing the globular domain) with either an N- or C-terminal His tag and with or without the LP sequence. By comparing the functional murine antibody responses to these various constructs, we determined that C-term His truncated rMIP (-LP) delivered in liposomes induced high levels of antibodies that bound to the surface of wild-type but not Δmip mutant meningococci and showed bactericidal activity against homologous type I MIP (median titers of 128 to 256) and heterologous type II and III (median titers of 256 to 512) strains, thereby providing at least 82% serogroup B strain coverage. In contrast, in constructs lacking the LP, placement of the His tag at the N terminus appeared to abrogate bactericidal activity. The strategy used in this study would obviate any potential concerns regarding the use of MIP antigens for inclusion in bacterial vaccines.
Electrospray as a Controlled-Current Electrolytic Cell: Electrochemical Ionization of Neutral Analytes for Detection by Electrospray Mass Spectrometry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrospray as a Controlled-Current Electrolytic Cell: Electrochemical Ionization of Neutral Analytes for Detection by Electrospray Mass SpectrometryGary J. Van Berkel and Feimeng. ZhouCite this: Anal. Chem. 1995, 67, 21, 3958–3964Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00117a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00117a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views637Altmetric-Citations98LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Poly(butylene succinate) fibrous dressings containing natural antimicrobial agents (2021)

Poly(butylene succinate) (PBSU) is a biodegradable and biocompatible synthetic aliphatic polyester, which has been used extensively in packaging, catering and agriculture, and more recently in drug delivery and bone and cartilage repair. PBSU-based mats created by electrospinning show promise as wound dressing materials because of their good mechanical properties, high surface area-to-volume ratio and increased levels of porosity. In this work, we present the creation of antimicrobial PBSU fibrous mats through the incorporation of natural food grade agents via blend electrospinning. Three types of edible gums (namely arabic, karaya and tragacanth), two essential oils (coriander and lavender), and one free fatty acid (linoleic acid) were added to PBSU containing a chain extender and their effect on six clinically relevant pathogens was evaluated. Mats containing essential oils at the highest concentration studied (7% w/v) showed some antimicrobial behaviour against S. aureus, E. hirae and P. aeruginosa, whereas the incorporation of linoleic acid at both concentrations tested (3% and 5% w/v) gave a strong reaction against S. pyogenes. Gum arabic was the only gum that had a considerable impact on S. aureus. Furthermore, the three gums enhanced the mechanical properties of the polymer mats and brought them closer to those of the human skin, whilst all agents maintained the high biocompatibility of the PBSU mats when contacted with mouse fibroblasts. This work, for the first time, shows the great promise of PBSU blended fibres as a skin substitute and paves the way towards bioactive and cost effective wound dressings from renewable materials.
Voltage-Induced Precessional Switching at Zero-Bias Magnetic Field in a Conically Magnetized Free Layer (2018)

The development of high-density voltage-torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (MRAM) looks to voltage-induced magnetization switching (bit writing) without a biasing magnetic field---but how? In mainstream technology based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with perpendicular magnetization, voltage-induced switching is not possible at zero bias. However, the authors show that switching at zero bias should be possible, in an MTJ with elliptical cross section and a conically magnetized free layer. Their results provide a practical guide to designing bias-field-free voltage-controlled MRAM.
Clamp loading, unloading and intrinsic stability of the PCNA, β and gp45 sliding clamps of human, E. coli and T4 replicases (1996)

The stability of the different clamps in solution correlates with their stability on DNA. Thus, the low stability of the T4 clamp explains the inability to isolate gp45 on DNA. The stability of the PCNA and beta clamps predicts they will require an unloading factor to recycle them on and off DNA during replication. The clamp loaders of PCNA and beta double as clamp unloaders presumably for the purpose of clamp recycling.
Supplementary Table from Science-Driven Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Table from Science-Driven Nutritional Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
Localized malignant mesothelioma of the pleura; a case report. (1997)

症例は67歳の男性.ばち状指, 体重減少を主訴に来院.胸部X線写真にて, 右肺野下半分を占める巨大な腫瘤陰影を認めた.MRIのT2強調像では, 胸壁あるいは腹腔内への浸潤は認めなかった.偶然4年8ヵ月前に撮影した胸部X線写真から, 上下葉間胸膜原発の限局性胸膜中皮腫が巨大化したものと診断し, 手術を行った.腫瘍は肺を縦隔側上方へ圧排し, 特に中下葉の虚脱が著明であったが, 肺実質への浸潤は認めなかった.切除後, 肺の虚脱は完全に消失し, 肉眼的に腫瘍の残存は認めなかった.切除標本は最大径18cm, 重量2000gであり, 病理組織学的には線維型で悪性であった.本疾患は放置すると巨大化し悪性化する可能性が考えられ, 早い段階での外科的切除が必要である.
In-Vitro Stability of B-Domain Deleted Recombinant Factor VIII in Syringe-Based Continuous Infusion Devices. (2004)

Abstract Continuous infusion (CI) factor VIII (FVIII) replacement is commonly used for serious bleeds in patients with FVIII deficiency. Clinicians lack stability information for Refacto®, a B-domain deleted recombinant FVIII (BDDrFVIII), when it is diluted or stored in CI devices for extended time periods. We studied BDDrFVIII to determine its concentration- and time-dependent stability and sterility when stored (reconstituted; reconstituted then diluted with normal saline) at ambient temperature in syringe-based CI devices (CADD-MicroTM; Baxter ColleagueTM). Three replicates of BDDrFVIII 125unit/mL and 25unit/mL admixtures were admixed aseptically then placed in CI devices that operated continuously for 48 hours. Samples (0.5ml) were obtained from control solutions (stored in the manufacturer’s glass vial) or expressed from the distal end of tubing at Hour −0.25 (priming volume), 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48. Samples were stored at −70C until assayed for Factor VIII activity using a 1-stage automated assay and Refacto® [chromogenic equivalent] Standard. Results of FVIII assays for each trio of replicates were averaged. BDDrFVIII admixtures were considered stable if they retained ≥80% baseline (control) FVIII values. Recoveries for BDDrFVIII 125unit/mL admixtures remained stable and sterile for 48 hours when stored in the manufacturer’s glass vial, Baxter ColleagueTM or CADD MicroTM devices, sufficient for clinical use (Table). BDDrFVIII, when diluted to 25unit/mL, remained sterile but not stable when stored in Baxter ColleagueTM or CADD MicroTM devices, and is not recommended for CI in clinical settings. Loss of FVIII activity in BDDrFVIII 25unit/mL admixtures is thought to be due to binding of BDDrFVIII to device components. %FVIII Activity of BDDrFVIII Stored in Infusion Devices Hr 0 Hr 1 Hr 2 Hr 4 Hr 12 Hr 24 Hr 48 Mfr Glass Vial (Control) 92.5 93 90.7 90.8 93.2 76 80.7 CADD-Micro 125unit/ml 80 84 86.3 78.3 86.3 80 81.7 Baxter Colleague 125unit/ml 86.3 79 74 85 77.7 81 82.3 CADD-Micro 25unit/ml 65.7 61.3 56.3 59 57.5 59.7 56.3 Baxter Colleague 25unit/ml 18.7 19.3 33 24.3 27 27 27.3