gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure, luminescence and energy transfer in Ce3+ and Mn2+ codoped γ-AlON phosphors (2019)

Upon UV or blue light excitation, the codoped γ-AlON phosphor has higher luminescence intensity, quantum efficiency and thermal stability than the Mn<sup>2+</sup>-doped γ-AlON due to energy transfer and low total concentration of Ce<sup>3+</sup> and Mn<sup>2+</sup> ions.
Evaluation of a PtSi Schottky infrared CCD for astronomy (1984)

This paper presents the results of a preliminary evaluation of a platinum silicide (PtSi) Schottky CCD as an imaging array for astronomical applications. The work was done in the near-infrared (1.2 μm &lt; λ &lt; 2.5 μm) spectral regime, where there is presently a lack of commercially available panoramic arrays with acceptable performance. During an initial test run, the array detected a star of magnitude 3.5 using an integration time of 128 msec. Proper optimization of the readout electronics, cryostat configuration, and matching of the telescope image scale to the pixel size could allow detection of a source ~100 times fainter in a 1-sec integration time. This paper will discuss the array architecture, measurement and signal processing techniques, and the observatory and laboratory evaluation tests.
Investigation of Temperature Gradient Effects on Neurite Outgrowh in Nerve Cells Using a Microfabricated Heater Structure (2005)

A novel heater structure capable of producing precisely controlled temperature gradients at cellular length scales is microfabricated. Protocols for successful culturing of RGC and PC12 cells on the heater surface are developed, and the heater structure is used to investigate the effect of spatial temperature gradients on neurite outgrowth in these cells. The results are discussed in the light of a recently developed theory for chemically-mediated thermotaxis.
USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS (2006)

This is the twelfth Quarterly Report for this project. The background and technical justification for the project are described, including potential benefits of reducing fuel moisture using power plant waste heat, prior to firing the coal in a pulverized coal boiler. During this last Quarter, the development of analyses to determine the costs and financial benefits of coal drying was continued. The details of the model and key assumptions being used in the economic evaluation are described in this report and results are shown for a drying system utilizing a combination of waste heat from the condenser and thermal energy extracted from boiler flue gas.
Supplementary Table S13 from Human Papillomavirus 42 Drives Digital Papillary Adenocarcinoma and Elicits a Germ Cell–like Program Conserved in HPV-Positive Cancers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;HPV42 genome sequence comparison.&lt;/p&gt;
Vehicle steering intervention through differential braking (2005)

This paper examines the usefulness of a brake steer system (BSS) which uses differential brake forces for steering intervention in the context of intelligent vehicle highway systems. The resulting moment on the vehicle affects yaw rate and lateral position, thereby providing a limited steering function. The steering function achieved through BSS can then be used to control lateral position in an unintended road departure system. Models for the vehicle and the brake system are presented. A state feedback regulator and PID controller are developed to explore BSS feasibility and capability. Computer simulation results are included.
Distributed Frequency Synchronization for OFDMA-based wireless mesh networks (2013)

In this paper, we investigate the synchronization for OFDMA-based wireless mesh networks and analyze the effect of carrier frequency misalignment between distributed nodes. Based on our previous work, so called, Distributed Frequency Synchronization (DFS), we propose a modified DFS (mDFS). The proposed scheme incorporates some practical issues, not considered in the previous DFS scheme. Simulation results show that mDFS works also well, and confirm that both mDFS and DFS are efficient and useful.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Medicinal Properties of 2‐Deoxyribose and Ribose C‐Nucleosides (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Effect of Lipid Coating on the Interaction Between Silica Nanoparticles and Membranes (2013)

Lipid coating is a method highly used to improve the biocompatibility of nanoparticles (NPs), even though its effect on the NP properties is still object of investigation. Herein, silica NPs containing methylene blue, which is a photosensitizer used in a variety of biomedical applications, were coated with a phospholipid bilayer. Regarding the photophysical properties, lipid-coating did not cause significant changes since bare and lipid-coated NPs presented very similar absorption spectra and generated singlet oxygen with similar efficiencies. However, NP interaction with cells and membrane mimics was totally different for bare and lipid-coated NPs. Lipid-coated NPs were distributed through the cell cytoplasm whereas bare NPs were detected only in some vacuolar regions within the cells. Since cellular uptake and cytolocalization are influenced by NP adsorption on cell membranes, the interaction of lipid-coated and bare NPs were studied on a membrane mimic, i.e., Hybrid Bilayer Membranes (HBMs) made of different compositions of negatively charged and neutral lipids. Interactions of bare and lipid-coated NPs with HBMs were analyzed by Surface Plasmon Resonance Imaging. Bare NPs presented high adsorption and aggregation on HBMs independently of the surface charge. Conversely, lipid-coated NPs presented less aggregation on the membrane surface and the adsorption was dependent on the charges of the NPs and of the HBMs. Our results indicated that NPs aggregation on the membrane surface can be modulated by lipid coating, which affects the cytosolic distribution of the NPs.
Functional OCT4-specific CD4+and CD8+T cells in healthy controls and ovarian cancer patients (2013)

The identification of growth and differentiation pathways that are responsible for the proliferation and survival of cancer stem cells (CSCs) has opened avenues for the discovery of novel therapeutic targets. In the initial phase of an anticancer immune response, T cells specific for tumor-associated antigens develop in patients and, at least under selected circumstances, are able to eliminate malignant cells. However, it remains unknown whether CSC-specific T cells are also operational. We found naturally occurring multifunctional CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for the stem cell marker OCT4 among the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of both healthy individuals and ovarian cancer patients. Moreover, lymphocytes isolated from the ascites of patients affected by ovarian malignancies also contained OCT4-specific T cells. OCT4-reactive CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells did not produce interferon γ (IFNγ) and IFNγ-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) but were capable of proliferation upon stimulation with dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with an OCT4-derived peptide or <i>OCT4</i> mRNA. OCT4-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> cells did not proliferate in response to a similar challenge, yet produced IP-10 as well as sufficient amounts of IFNγ to induce IP-10 . Furthermore, CD8<sup>+</sup> cytotoxic T cells were able to release their lysosomal components, as indicated by the mobilization of CD107a. These results demonstrate the existence of anti-CSC specific T cells in ovarian cancer patients.
Transient Analysis of Acyclic (1987)

Department of Computer Science, Duke University, 202 North Building, Durham, NC 27706, U.S.A. Received January 1986 Revised December 1986 Continuous-time Markov chains are commonly used in system reliability modeling. In this paper, we discuss a method for automatically deriving transient solutions that are symbolic in t for acyclic Markov chains. Our method also includes parametric sensitivity analysis of the transient solution and several cumulative measures associated with Markov chain behavior. We include three examples, one to show the use of our method in evaluating approximate solution techniques, one showing parametric sensitivity analysis of a large Markov model, and one demonstrating the computation of cumulative measures for an acyclic Markov reward process. Keywords: Accumulated Reward, Acyclic Markov Chain, Markov Chain, Markov Reward Process, Mean Time to Failure, Performability Analysis, Reliability Analysis, Reliability Modeling, Sensitivity Analysis, Transient Analysis.
Large area conductive nanoaperture arrays with strong optical resonances and spectrally flat terahertz transmission (2017)

Using simple and inexpensive nanosphere lithography, we produce large, centimeter-squared sized thin golden films patterned with a hexagonal array of nanoapertures with controllable dimensions on the order of 100–300 nm, spaced by a 350–375 nm pitch distance. The optical transmission spectra of our samples are dominated by the resonant plasmonic features in the spectral range 500–700 nm, caused by the nanostructure in the film. At the same time, the transmission at terahertz (THz) radiation is as high as ∼10% and is spectrally flat. Our measurements are in agreement with finite difference time domain simulations. Such thin metal hole array films allow for very efficient injection of optical energy, while at the same time maintaining reasonably high transparency of THz waves. These structures can be used in any application combining strong optical sensitivity and THz transparency, in optical biomolecular sensing, or as optically transparent electrodes.
Enhanced optical and electrical performance of Ge 1− x Sn x /Ge/Si(100) ( x = 0.062) semiconductor via inductively coupled H 2 plasma treatments (2019)

Abstract The structural, electrical and optical properties of a unintentionally doped Ge 1− x Sn x ( x = 6.2%) alloy semiconductor both as-grown and after a hydrogen plasma treatment or ‘hydrogen passivation’ are investigated by high resolution x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, and temperature-dependent Hall-effect and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The samples were grown via reactions of SnD 4 and Ge 3 H 8 on Ge buffered Si wafers at 305 °C and subsequently subjected to a hydrogen plasma environment generated using an inductively coupled H 2 approach (ICP). The plasma treatments showed no appreciable change in the structural, compositional and morphological properties of the samples indicating no measurable degradation of the materials quality has occurred. However, the H passivation significantly alters the electrical activity of as-grown defects and impurities in the epilayer, resulting in electrical conductivity of passivated sample that is more than 2 times higher at 300 K and 30 times higher at 10 K. The as-grown samples showed conduction-type changes with temperature (manifested by singularities in the apparent carrier concentrations around 14 and 255 K), while the background n-type carrier concentration of the hydrogen treated analogs varied smoothly with temperature. In particular at 300 K, the carrier concentration was reduced from the background 4.61 × 10 17 cm −3 in the as-grown material to 5.68 × 10 16 cm −3 in the H treated counterpart due to potential passivation of deleterious point defects, a highly desirable outcome for effective device performance. The room temperature PL intensity increased ∼5 times (more than 3 times at 5 K) upon hydrogen treatment due to electrical passivation of deep acceptor states. Hydrogen plasma treatments are thus found to enhance the electrical and optical responses of the samples, suggesting that conventional ICP treatments could be used as a processing step to improve the properties of newly developed Sn-based group IV semiconductors using straightforward and relatively low temperature protocols.
International multicentre study examining selection criteria for active surveillance in men undergoing radical prostatectomy (2012)

The proportion of pathological reclassification in our cohort was higher than previously reported. Care must be used when applying the AS criteria generated from one population to another. With more stringent selection criteria, there is less reclassification but also fewer men who may benefit from AS.
Recent developments in transparent polycrystalline spinel for electro-optic applications (2009)

High optical quality spinel is being developed as exit aperture (windows and domes) for various electro-optic (EO) and infrared (IR) systems operating in harsh environmental conditions. These applications require windows with low absorption loss, low scattering loss, good index homogeneity, low transmitted wavefront error and high strength. Windows are also required in very large sizes and thicknesses for specialty applications. We have demonstrated
fabrication of high optical quality spinel windows with high strength and environmental ruggedness. We achieved record low absorption loss of 6 ppm/cm at 1.06 μm and transmitted wavefront error of better than λ/10 at 633 nm. We are also developing technology for making very large and very thick spinel windows.
Using Green to Get to Blue: How Alternative Energy Technologies Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Wastewater Treatment (2011)

Using Green to Get to Blue: How Alternative Energy Technologies Reduce the Carbon Footprint of Wastewater TreatmentWater and wastewater treatment facilities typically represent one of the primary consumers of energy in a community. A progressive wastewater utility, the North Conway Water Precinct, reduced its energy costs in an environmentally responsible way by improving the energy efficiency of existing systems and incorporating new alternative energy technologies into its power supply portfolio. The...Author(s)Jennifer OsgoodMichael WalshDavid BernierSourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 1: Heat PumpsDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2011ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20110101)2011:6L.29;1-DOI10.2175/193864711802836823Volume / Issue2011 / 6Content sourceEnergy ConferenceFirst / last page(s)29 - 34Copyright2011Word count137Subject keywordsAlternative energyARRAsolar panelsgeothermal wellsheat pumps
Reading performance with large fonts on high-resolution displays (2004)

Reading is a fundamental task and skill in many environments including business, education, and the home. Today, reading often occurs on electronic displays in addition to traditional hard copy media such as books and magazines, presenting issues of legibility and other factors that can affect human performance [1]. In fact, the transition to soft copy media for text images is often met with worker complaints about their vision and comfort while reading [2-6]. Careful comparative evaluations of reading performance across hard and soft copy device types are rare, even though they are clearly important given the rapid and substantial improvements in soft copy devices available in the marketplace over the last 5 years. To begin to fill this evaluation gap, we compared reading performance on three different soft copy devices and traditional paper. This study does not investigate comfort factors such as display location, seating comfort, and more general issues of lighting, rather we focus instead on a narrow examination of reading performance differences across display types when font sizes are large.
Multispecies remote sensing measurements of vehicle emissions on Sherman Way in Van Nuys, California (2012)

On-road remote sensing emission measurements of light-duty vehicles on Sherman Way in Van Nuys, California, show large historical emission reductions for CO and HC emissions despite an older fleet arising from the 2008 economic downturn. Fleet CO and HC emissions are increasingly dominated by a few gross emitters, with a single 1995 vehicle measured being responsible for 4% of the entire fleet's HC emissions. Finding and repairing and/or scrapping as little as 2% of the fleet would reduce on-road tailpipe emissions by as much as 50%. Ammonia emissions have locally increased with the increasing fleet age.
The Autoimmune Antigen me is Distinct and Related to Undifferentiated Connective Tissue Disease (1987)

Using prototype Me serum, a new autoantibody-antigen system has been identified by Ouchterlony immunodiffusion and indirect immunofluorescence. Although immunologically distinct, the Me antigen has physiochemical and biochemical properties similar to those of the Sm antigen. Immunoblot assays indicate that Me sera commonly recognize 4 peptides of molecular weights approximating 100K, 65K, 21K, and 16K. The last of these may be identical to the D peptide recognized by Sm antibodies. The Me antigen may be associated with the RNP-Sm macromolecular complex. Me-positive patients have few clinical symptoms, and the most common diagnosis is undifferentiated connective tissue disease.
Biophysical characterization of lipid nanoparticles containing nucleic acid polymers as produced by microfluidic mixing (2014)

Lipid nanoparticles (LNP) are currently the most advanced delivery systems for enabling siRNA to be used for therapeutic applications. However, the structure of these siRNA-LNP systems has not been well defined previously. The objective of this thesis is to determine the structure of nucleic acid-LNP systems produced by a novel microfluidic mixing technique and to use this structural understanding to develop systems with improved gene silencing efficacy. The first part of the thesis focuses on determining the structure of siRNA-LNP systems produced by microfluidic mixing and the effects of varying lipid components on the structure and encapsulation properties. SiRNA-LNP were formulated using an ionizable cationic lipid, distearoylphosphatidylcholine, cholesterol and a polyethylene glycol-lipid. Cryo-TEM of siRNA-LNP produced by microfluidic mixing exhibit a solid, electron-dense core with siRNA encapsulation efficiency close to 100%. Molecular dynamics modeling indicates that the core of the particle consists of periodic aqueous compartments containing siRNA. The ability of the lipid mixture to adopt non-bilayer phases seems to be crucial for the encapsulation of siRNA. The microfluidic mixing technology was also extended to the encapsulation of plasmid DNA and mRNA. These results provide an understanding of the structure and the mechanism of formation for siRNA-LNP produced by microfluidic mixing. Since it is clear that formation of siRNA-LNP by microfluidic mixing does not require any bilayer-forming lipids, it is possible to generate particles with high cationic lipid content and bilayer-destabilizing lipids without compromising particle stability. The last part of the thesis aims to improve the gene silencing efficacy of siRNA-LNP by enhancing the endosomolytic properties of the LNP. This was attempted by two way: first by increasing the cationic lipid content of the LNP and second, by the incorporation of bilayer-destabilizing "helper" lipids in the formulation. A novel "helper" lipid dioleoyl-four amino butyric acid (DOFAB) was synthesized for this purpose. In contrary to the hypothesis, both increasing cationic lipid content and the incorporation of "helper" lipids in siRNA-LNP formulations led to decreased in vitro gene silencing activity. This leads to new questions as to role of cationic lipids and "helper" lipids play in the intracellular release of siRNA.
Handbook of Discrete and Combinatorial Mathematics (1999)

Foundations. Counting Methods. Sequences. Number Theory. Algebraic Structures. Linear Algebra. Discrete Probability. Graph Theory. Trees. Networks and Flows. Partially Ordered Sets. Combinatorial Designs. Discrete and Computational Geometry. Coding Theory and Cryptology. Discrete Optimization. Theoretical Computer Science. Information Structures. Data Mining. Bioinformatics.
B1 and Marginal Zone B Cells but Not Follicular B2 Cells Require Gpx4 to Prevent Lipid Peroxidation and Ferroptosis (2019)

Aerobic organisms need to maintain cellular redox homeostasis. Glutathione peroxidase-4 (Gpx4) has the unique ability to protect cells against lipid peroxidation. Here, we show that Gpx4 is absolutely required to prevent ferroptosis during development, maintenance, and responses of innate-like B cells, namely, the B1 and marginal zone (MZ) B cells. In contrast, Gpx4 is dispensable for the development, germinal center reactions, and antibody responses of follicular B2 cells. Mechanistically, we show increased lipid metabolism and sensitivity to lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis in B1 and MZ B cells compared to follicular B2 cells, consistent with the requirement of Gpx4 in innate-like B cells. This high sensitivity to ferroptosis of innate-like B cells may be used to therapeutically target Gpx4 in certain forms of B cell malignancies involving B1 cells.
Helical self-assembly and co-assembly of fluorinated, preorganized discotics (2012)

The synthesis and self-assembly properties of a fluorinated C(3)-symmetrical 3,3'-bis(acylamino)-2,2'-bipyridine discotic (1) in the mesophase and in solution are described. First, 3,4,5-tris-(1H,1H,2H,2H,3H,3H-perfluoroundecyl-1-oxy)benzoyl chloride was coupled to mono-t-BOC protected 2,2'-bipyridine-3,3'-diamine to afford after deprotection the corresponding fluorinated aromatic amine on a multigram scale. Then, three-fold reaction of this amine with trimesyl chloride yielded the target C(3)-symmetrical fluorinated disc. The latter displayed columnar liquid crystallinity over a temperature range of more than 350 K in which helical rectangular and hexagonal columnar mesophases were detected by X-ray diffraction measurements. (1)H-NMR spectroscopy showed a preorganized structure due to strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the amide N-H's and bipyridine nitrogen atoms, even in the presence of a large excess of hexafluoroisopropanol. This preorganized structure allows the formation of helical self-assemblies in fluorinated solvents, as was established using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The fluorinated disc and two chiral hydrocarbon analogues (a C(3)-symmetrical and a desymmetrized disc) were mixed in a 1:10 v:v mixture of methoxynonafluorobutane (MNFB) and 1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane (Freon 113). Importantly, the C(3)-symmetrical hydrocarbon disc dissolves only in the presence of fluorinated disc in the latter solvent mixture, proving a mutual interaction. CD spectroscopy performed on these mixtures points to a preference for alternating self-assemblies of fluorinated and chiral hydrocarbon discotics.
The intracellular domain of teneurin-2 has a nuclear function and represses zic-1-mediated transcription (2003)

Teneurin-2, a vertebrate homologue of the Drosophila pair-rule gene ten-m/odz, is revealed to be a membrane-bound transcription regulator. In the nucleus, the intracellular domain of teneurin-2 colocalizes with promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein in nuclear bodies implicated in transcription control. Since Drosophila ten-m acts epistatically to another pair-rule gene opa, we investigated whether gene regulation by the mammalian opa homologue zic-1 was influenced by the intracellular domain of teneurin-2. We found that zic-mediated transcription from the apolipoprotein E promoter was inhibited. Release of the intracellular domain of teneurin-2 could be stimulated by homophilic interaction of the extracellular domain, and the intracellular domain was stabilized by proteasome inhibitors. We have previously shown that teneurin-2 is expressed by neurons belonging to the same functional circuit. Therefore, we hypothesize that homophilic interaction enables neurons to identify their targets and that the release of the intracellular domain of teneurin-2 provides them with a signal to switch their gene expression program from growth towards differentiation once the proper contact has been made.