gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low threshold current GaInAsP/InP Integrated Twin Guide Lasers with Distributed Bragg Reflector emitting at 1.55µm (1982)

GaInAsP/InP DH lasers have been studied intensively as the most promising light source for ultra low loss optical fiber communications [1,2]. In 1.3µm wavelength region, where material dispersion problem doesn't exist, many kinds of excellent laser diodes were realized which can be applied to practical use. However, most of conventional structure lasers can't be applied to 1.5-1.6µm wavelength optical fiber communications due to spectrum broadening under high frequency modulation which limits the transmission bandwidth of optical fiber [3,4]. Thus pure spectral property of laser diode even in high frequency modulation is essential for very long distance optical fiber communication system using 1.5-1.6µm wavelength region where transmission loss of optical fiber is almost half of that in 1.3µm wavelength region. Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) and Distributed Feedback (DFB) lasers are only promising devices for such a long distance communication or further efficient communication methods, i.e. wavelength division multiplexing and heterodyn detection [5,6]. For these practical use, low threshold current operation of those lasers is the most important in order to get room temperature CW operation.
A Large-Scale Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure Cetirizine Dihydrochloride Using Preparative Chiral HPLC (2000)

Enantiomerically pure cetirizine can be prepared by preparative HPLC separation of cetirizine amide. The amide has an α value of 2.76 (USP resolution of 8.54) using a Chiralpak AD column, and 0.5 wt % of the amide (based on packing material) can be injected per run.
Electrochemical Kinetics of Nanostructured Nb2O5Electrodes (2014)

International audience
Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Suitable for Hyperthermia (2009)

酸化鉄ナノ粒子を熱分解法と共沈法の二種類の方法で合成し, その発熱特性と磁気物性を評価した. 熱分解法では, 鉄原料である鉄ペンタカルボニルとオレイン酸 (C17H33COOH) をジオクチルエーテル中に投入し, 大気中で560 Kで反応させることで酸化鉄ナノ粒子を合成した. C17H33COOHの添加量と反応時間を変化させて得られた試料を透過型電子顕微鏡 (TEM) によって観察した結果, 酸化鉄ナノ粒子の平均粒子径は反応条件に応じて3.0 nmから12.2 nmまで変化した. 一方, 共沈法では硫酸鉄 (II) 水溶液と塩化鉄 (III) 水溶液の混合液をアンモニア水に添加して酸化鉄ナノ粒子を作製した. TEM像観察から, 共沈法により作製した酸化鉄ナノ粒子の平均粒子径は10.2 nmと見積もられた. それぞれの方法で作製した酸化鉄ナノ粒子をイソパラフィン系溶媒に分散させ, 周波数600 kHz, 磁場強度3.2 kA/mの交流磁場を印加して温度変化を測定した. この結果, 共沈法により作製した試料は77 Kの温度上昇を示した一方, 熱分解法により作製した平均粒子径11.3 nmの試料では14 Kの温度上昇を示した. これに対して, 平均粒子径3.0 nmの酸化鉄ナノ粒子では有意な温度上昇は観測されなかった. 試料の磁気物性を超伝導量子干渉型磁束計と物理特性測定システムを用いて評価した結果, 発熱効率の高い試料では磁化率が極大となる温度, ブロッキング温度が高くなることが明らかになった.
Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous MCM‐48 Containing TiO2 Nanoparticles. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Changes in vascular properties, not ventricular properties, predominantly contribute to baroreflex regulation of arterial pressure (2014)

Baroreflex modulates both the ventricular and vascular properties and stabilizes arterial pressure (AP). However, how changes in those mechanical properties quantitatively impact the dynamic AP regulation remains unknown. We developed a framework of circulatory equilibrium, in which both venous return and cardiac output are expressed as functions of left ventricular (LV) end-systolic elastance (Ees), heart rate (HR), systemic vascular resistance (R), and stressed blood volume (V). We investigated the contribution of each mechanical property using the framework of circulatory equilibrium. In six anesthetized dogs, we vascularly isolated carotid sinuses and randomly changed carotid sinus pressure (CSP), while measuring the LV Ees, aortic flow, right and left atrial pressure, and AP for at least 60 min. We estimated transfer functions from CSP to Ees, HR, R, and V in each dog. We then predicted these parameters in response to changes in CSP from the transfer functions using a data set not used for identifying transfer functions and predicted changes in AP using the equilibrium framework. Predicted APs matched reasonably well with those measured (r2=0.85-0.96, P<0.001). Sensitivity analyses indicated that Ees and HR (ventricular properties) accounted for 14±4 and 4±2%, respectively, whereas R and V (vascular properties) accounted for 32±4 and 39±4%, respectively, of baroreflex-induced AP regulation. We concluded that baroreflex-induced dynamic AP changes can be accurately predicted by the transfer functions from CSP to mechanical properties using our framework of circulatory equilibrium. Changes in the vascular properties, not the ventricular properties, predominantly determine baroreflex-induced AP regulation.
Disagreement between theory and experiment in the simplest chemical reaction: Collision energy dependent rotational distributions for H+D2→HD(ν′=3,j′)+D (2004)

We present experimental rotational distributions for the reaction H + D2 --> HD(nu' = 3,j') + D at eight different collision energies between 1.49 and 1.85 eV. We combine a previous measurement of the state-resolved excitation function for this reaction [Ayers et al., J. Chem. Phys. 119, 4662 (2003)] with the current data to produce a map of the relative reactive cross section as a function of both collision energy and rotational quantum number (an E-j' plot). To compare with the experimental data, we also present E-j' plots resulting from both time-dependent and time-independent quantum mechanical calculations carried out on the BKMP2 surface. The two calculations agree well with each other, but they produce rotational distributions significantly colder than the experiment, with the difference being more pronounced at higher collision energies. Disagreement between theory and experiment might be regarded as surprising considering the simplicity of this system; potential causes of this discrepancy are discussed.
Modularity and economy-of-scale effects in the optimal design of mesh-restorable networks (2003)

Most, if not all, theoretical work on the capacity design of mesh-restorable networks has been done in an integer, but non-modular, fashion. Although OC-n modules can only approximate the exact design capacities, this has been acceptable in practice where networks are rapidly growing and demand forecasts have uncertainty in any case, or in research studies where modularization only confuses the comparison of underlying theoretical effects. However, the modularity and economy-of-scale effects in near-term dense wave division multiplexing (DWDM) transmission systems may be so large (consider 40 /spl lambda/ at OC-192 on a single fiber) that we need to study and exploit these effects in the optimal capacity design problem. To do so, we introduce and compare results with two approaches for modular optimal capacity design to non-modular reference designs which are subject to conventional post-modularization. Significant shifts in the network structure, and total costs savings up to 20% are seen in the test results.
A 550-MSample/s 8-Tap FIR digital filter for magnetic recording read channels (2000)

An area-efficient low-power and low-latency 550-MSample/s FIR filter for magnetic recording read channel applications is presented. A parallel direct type II architecture operates on real-time deinterleaved (even and odd) input data samples and employs a fast low-area multiplier based on selection of radix-8 premultiplied coefficients in conjunction with one-hot encoded bus leading to a very compact layout and reduced power dissipation. The chip has been fabricated using a 0.18-/spl mu/m L-effective CMOS technology and is currently being used in commercial applications.
Validation of a web-based prognostic system for breast cancer (2004)

A website has been published which allows the user to enter information on prognostic factors for a patient with breast cancer, and instantly obtain a survival curve based on outcome data of prior cases with a matching prognostic factor profile. The source for the survival data is a Finnish nationwide series (the FinProg series) of 2,842 women diagnosed with breast cancer in 1991-2. The purpose of this study was to compare survival estimates based on the FinProg database, with estimates for breast cancer patients from the US, obtained from the SEER public-use database and the same time-period. Results show that a reasonable level of agreement between estimates can be reached, by the use of large, unselected databases, and that significantly different estimates were obtained in only 2 of 19 analyzed prognostic profiles. The current system could be used to share important knowledge on outcome between researchers and clinicians at different institutions, and be used in the decision-making process concerning treatment of patients with breast cancer.
Direct Sparse Deblurring (2010)

We propose a deblurring algorithm that explicitly takes into account the sparse characteristics of natural images and does not entail solving a numerically ill-conditioned backward-diffusion. The key observation is that the sparse coefficients that encode a given image with respect to an over-complete basis are the same that encode a blurred version of the image with respect to a modified basis. Following an “analysis-by-synthesis” approach, an explicit generative model is used to compute a sparse representation of the blurred image, and its coefficients are used to combine elements of the original basis to yield a restored image.
Viral Sanctuaries during Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in a Nonhuman Primate Model for AIDS (2009)

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) enables long-term suppression of plasma HIV-1 loads in infected persons, but low-level virus persists and rebounds following cessation of therapy. During HAART, this virus resides in latently infected cells, such as resting CD4(+) T cells, and in other cell types that may support residual virus replication. Therapeutic eradication will require elimination of virus from all reservoirs. We report here a comprehensive analysis of these reservoirs in fluids, cells, and tissues in a rhesus macaque model that mimics HAART in HIV-infected humans. This nonhuman primate model uses RT-SHIV, a chimera of simian immunodeficiency virus containing the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT). Methods were developed for extraction, preamplification, and real-time PCR analyses of viral DNA (vDNA) and viral RNA (vRNA) in tissues from RT-SHIV-infected macaques. These methods were used to identify viral reservoirs in RT-SHIV-infected macaques treated with a potent HAART regimen consisting of efavirenz, emtricitabine, and tenofovir. Plasma virus loads at necropsy ranged from 11 to 28 copies of vRNA per ml. Viral RNA and DNA were detected during HAART, in tissues from numerous anatomical locations. Additional analysis provided evidence for full-length viral RNA in tissues of animals with virus suppressed by HAART. The highest levels of vDNA and vRNA in HAART-treated macaques were in lymphoid tissues, particularly the spleen, lymph nodes, and gastrointestinal tract tissues. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the tissue and organ distribution of a primate AIDS virus during HAART. These data demonstrate widespread persistence of residual virus in tissues during HAART.
AB113. P087. Single-cell sequencing defines genetic heterogeneity in pancreatic cancer precursor lesions (2018)

: Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) are precursors to pancreatic cancer; however, little is known about genetic heterogeneity in these lesions. We report the first characterization of genetic heterogeneity in IPMNs at the single-cell level. We isolated single cells from fresh tissue from ten IPMNs, followed by whole genome amplification and targeted next generation sequencing of pancreatic driver genes. We then determined single-cell genotypes using a novel multi-sample mutation calling algorithm. Our analyses revealed that different mutations in the same driver gene frequently occur in the same IPMN. Two IPMNs had multiple mutations in the initiating driver gene KRAS that occurred in unique tumor clones, suggesting the possibility of polyclonal origin or an unidentified initiating even preceding this critical mutation. Multiple mutations in later-occurring driver genes were also common and were frequently localized to unique tumor clones, raising the possibility of convergent evolution of these genetic events in pancreatic tumorigenesis.
Sleep Homeostasis Modulates Hypocretin-Mediated Sleep-to-Wake Transitions (2009)

The hypocretins (Hcrts) (also called orexins) are two neuropeptides expressed in the lateral hypothalamus that play a crucial role in the stability of wakefulness. Previously, our laboratory demonstrated that in vivo photostimulation of Hcrt neurons genetically targeted with ChR2, a light-activated cation channel, was sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event during both slow-wave sleep and rapid eye movement sleep. In the current study, we ask whether Hcrt-mediated sleep-to-wake transitions are affected by light/dark period and sleep pressure. We found that stimulation of Hcrt neurons increased the probability of an awakening event throughout the entire light/dark period but that this effect was diminished with sleep pressure induced by 2 or 4 h of sleep deprivation. Interestingly, photostimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase activity assessed by c-Fos expression in Hcrt neurons after sleep deprivation, although this stimulation did not cause an increase in transitions to wakefulness. In addition, we found that photostimulation of Hcrt neurons increases neural activity assessed by c-Fos expression in the downstream arousal-promoting locus ceruleus and tuberomammilary nucleus but not after 2 h of sleep deprivation. Finally, stimulation of Hcrt neurons was still sufficient to increase the probability of an awakening event in histidine decarboxylase-deficient knock-out animals. Collectively, these results suggest that the Hcrt system promotes wakefulness throughout the light/dark period by activating multiple downstream targets, which themselves are inhibited with increased sleep pressure.
A One‐Step Synthesis of 2,3‐Dihydro‐4H‐pyran‐4‐ones from 3‐Ethoxy α,β‐Unsaturated Lactones. (2005)

Addition of diverse nucleophiles to the unsaturated lactone &lt;b&gt;2&lt;/b&gt; that results from hetero Diels−Alder reaction of Brassard's diene &lt;b&gt;1&lt;/b&gt; with aldehydes\nleads to an efficient and general approach to the synthesis of 2,3-dihydro-4&lt;i&gt;H&lt;/i&gt;-pyran-4-ones &lt;b&gt;3&lt;/b&gt;.
DSP based fuzzy controlled power converter operating in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes (2002)

This paper presents the full digital control of a two-wheeler forward power converter that works in both continuous and discontinuous conduction modes using a fuzzy logic approach on a digital signal processor (DSP) based platform. Making use of human experience and knowledge of the existing behavior of power converters in continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, the performance of the system is investigated. Simulation results of the power converter in cross-operation, which is a highly nonlinear control problem, are presented. Experimental results of a 25W 20 kHz 2-wheeler forward power converter prototype system are also shown to verify the proposed control scheme.
Limitations of Real-Time Engine-Out NOx Estimation in Diesel Engines (2017)

&lt;div class="section abstract"&gt;&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Many excellent papers have been written about the subject of estimating engine-out NOx on diesel engines based on real-time available data. The claimed accuracy of these models is typically around 6-10% on validation data sets with known inputs. This reported accuracy typically ignores input uncertainties, thus arriving at an optimistic estimate of the model accuracy in a real-time application. In our paper we analyze the effect of input uncertainty on the accuracy of engine-out NOx estimates via a numerical Monte Carlo simulation and show that this effect can be significant. Even though our model is based on an in-cylinder pressure sensor, this sensor is limited in its capability to reduce the effect of other measured inputs on the model.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Genome-wide expression analysis reveals dysregulation of myelination-related genes in chronic schizophrenia (2001)

Neuropathological and brain imaging studies suggest that schizophrenia may result from neurodevelopmental defects. Cytoarchitectural studies indicate cellular abnormalities suggestive of a disruption in neuronal connectivity in schizophrenia, particularly in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Yet, the molecular mechanisms underlying these findings remain unclear. To identify molecular substrates associated with schizophrenia, DNA microarray analysis was used to assay gene expression levels in postmortem dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of schizophrenic and control patients. Genes determined to have altered expression levels in schizophrenics relative to controls are involved in a number of biological processes, including synaptic plasticity, neuronal development, neurotransmission, and signal transduction. Most notable was the differential expression of myelination-related genes suggesting a disruption in oligodendrocyte function in schizophrenia.
Lunar and asteroid composition assessment using remote secondary ion mass spectrometry (1992)

Compositional analysis of the Moon and asteroids is of scientific importance as a window into the formation and evolution of the solar system. Additionally, global geochemical surveys can be utilized to examine available resources for further exploration of the solar system. We present a quantitative analysis of a technique of elemental composition of planetary surfaces using remote secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Remote SIMS, in principle identical to laboratory SIMS, utilizes solar wind ions to sputter secondary ions from a planetary surface. The trajectories of these secondary ions are governed by local electric and magnetic fields. An ion mass spectrometer located on an orbiting platform detects these ions and evaluates their mass and velocity. The origin at the planetary surface of a detected ion is determined by its velocity at the orbiter and knowledge of the solar wind electric and magnetic fields. The elemental composition of the planetary surface is determined by comparison of the detected amounts of various elements.
Multiaccess interference cancellation receiver for time-hopping ultrawideband communication (2004)

In this paper, a low complexity coherent joint maximum-likelihood detection receiver is developed for cancelling multiaccess interference in impulse radio (IR) based ultrawideband (UWB) wireless communication systems. Unlike previous joint demodulation receivers, where the complexity is enormous and the other users' codes are required, the proposed approach does not need to know the time hopping (TH) codes of the other users which makes it a very attractive solution. The performance of joint demodulation receiver depends on the ability to estimate the channel coefficients of desired and interfering users. A novel and practical algorithm for estimating multiple users' channel responses is developed. The performance of the proposed algorithms are tested through computer simulations and the results are compared with the performance of the conventional single user UWB receiver. It is observed that the proposed joint demodulation receiver provides significant performance gains with respect to conventional single user receiver.
Prevalence of genes encoding extracellular virulence factors among meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the University Hospital, Olomouc, Czech Republic (2008)

A rather fast and complicated progression of an infection caused by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus could be associated with the expression and co-action of virulence factor complexes in these strains. This study screened the antibiotic susceptibility and prevalence of virulence markers in isolates of meticillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) obtained from patients hospitalized at the University Hospital in Olomouc, Czech Republic. A total of 100 isolates was screened for 13 genes encoding extracellular virulence determinants (tst, pvl, eta, etb, sea, seb, sec, sed, see, seg, seh, sei and sej) and for their distribution in sample types. Eighty-nine isolates were positive for at least one of the genes. Genes for etb, pvl, see and seh were not detected in any of the MRSA isolates. No statistically significant differences in the occurrence of the determinants studied among sample types were found.
A deterministic model for third generation mobile communication systems in urban environments (2000)

This paper describes a deterministic model which simulates the radiowave propagation for UMTS in urban areas. The model is based on a UTD ray-tracing tool, using the mirror method. Meanwhile, channel impulse responses (CIRs) have been measured in order to validate the ray-tracing tool. Measurements have been carried out at 1.87 GHz in a street of Louvain-la-Neuve (Belgium) by means of a wideband channel sounder. Simulated and experimental results are presented and compared quite satisfactorily in spite of several limitations.
Discovery of a Novel Pyrrole Derivative 1-[5-(2-Fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamine Fumarate (TAK-438) as a Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker (P-CAB) (2012)

In our pursuit of developing a novel and potent potassium-competitive acid blocker (P-CAB), we synthesized pyrrole derivatives focusing on compounds with low log D and high ligand-lipophilicity efficiency (LLE) values. Among the compounds synthesized, the compound 13e exhibited potent H(+),K(+)-ATPase inhibitory activity and potent gastric acid secretion inhibitory action in vivo. Its maximum efficacy was more potent and its duration of action was much longer than those of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Therefore, compound 13e (1-[5-(2-fluorophenyl)-1-(pyridin-3-ylsulfonyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]-N-methylmethanamine fumarate, TAK-438) was selected as a drug candidate for the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), peptic ulcer, and other acid-related diseases.
XIII International AIDS Conference, Durban, 9–14 July, 2000 (2000)

Let US not equivocate: a tragedy of unprecedented proportions is unfolding in Africa. AIDS today in Africa is claiming more lives than the sum total of all wars, famines and floods, and the ravages of such deadly diseases as malaria... Economic growth is being undermined and scarce development resources have to be diverted to deal with the consequences of the pandemic ... Decades have been chopped from life expectancy and young child mortality is expected to more than double in the most severely affected countries of Africa. AIDS is clearly a disaster, effectively wiping out the development gains of the past decades and sabotaging the future. Earlier this week we were shocked to learn that within South Africa one in two, that is half, of our young people will die of AIDS. The most frightening thing is that all of these infections, which statistics tell us about, and the attendant human suffering, could have been, can be, prevented. Something must be done as a matter of the greatest urgency. And with nearly two decades of dealing with the epidemic, we now do have some experience of what works. Nelson Mandela1