gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perforin Expression in the Gastrointestinal Mucosa Is Limited to Acute Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection (2006)

Perforin-mediated cytotoxicity is a major effector function of virus-specific CD8 T cells. We have investigated the expression of perforin in the gut, an important site of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) pathogenesis, during experimental SIV infection of rhesus macaques. We observed significant increases in perforin protein and mRNA expression levels in the colons of SIV-infected macaques as early as 21 days after infection. However, during chronic infection, despite ongoing viral replication, perforin expression returned to levels similar to those detected in SIV-naïve animals. These findings demonstrate the presence of a robust perforin-positive response in gastrointestinal CD8 T cells during acute, but not chronic, SIV infection.
Band-gap widening of CdO thin films (1998)

CdO thin films were deposited on silica glass substrates by rf sputtering. The orientation of the crystal axis in the films was changed by varying the sputtering conditions. The (100)-oriented films were annealed under various conditions to change the carrier concentration. A blueshift of the optical absorption edge was observed as the carrier concentration increased, and band-gap widening was analyzed using the Burstein–Moss formula. We found that the intrinsic direct-band-gap Eg0 (Γ15–Γ1 gap) and the reduced effective mass mvc* are 2.22±0.01 eV and (0.274±0.013)m0, respectively, at room temperature. The results are discussed in relation to the band structure of CdO.
Sub-wavelength visualisation of optical modes in all-dielectric nanostructures (Conference Presentation) (2019)

Subwavelength optical resonators and scatterers are dramatically expanding the toolset of the optical sciences and photonics engineering. By offering the opportunity to control and shape light waves in nanoscale volumes, recent developments using high-refractive-index dielectric scatterers gave rise to efficient flat-optical components such as lenses, polarizers, phase plates, color routers, and nonlinear elements with a subwavelength thickness. Here, we take a deeper look into the unique interaction of light with amorphous silicon scatterers by tapping into their resonant modes with a localized subwavelength light source—an aperture scanning near-field probe [1,2]. Scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) is a powerful tool to image the near-field distribution of resonant optical modes supported by nanophotonic structures with sub-diffraction resolution. Our experimental configuration essentially constitutes a dielectric antenna that is locally driven by the aperture probe [3]. In stark contrast to the mostly uneventful far-field extinction response, a rich variety of distinct patterns of bright spots—corresponding to enhanced transmittance of the probe excitation—is observed in the near-field scans. Various transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electric (TE) Fabry-Perot-like modes of different mode parities in a variety of nanostructure geometries can be revealed using full field 3D finite difference time domain simulations and group theory. [1] A. Frolov et al. Nano Letters 2017, 17 (12), 7629–7637 [2] A. Frolov et al. in preparation 2018 [3] D. Denkova et al., ACS Nano 2013, 7, 3168–3176
Correction: Acute Stress Induces Hyperacusis in Women with High Levels of Emotional Exhaustion (2013)

Background: Hearing problems is one of the top ten public health disorders in the general population and there is a wellestablished relationship between stress and hearing problems. The aim of the present study was to explore if an acute stress will increase auditory sensitivity (hyperacusis) in individuals with high levels of emotional exhaustion (EE).
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Oseltamivir Resistance Mediated by an I117V Substitution in the Neuraminidase of Subtype H5N1 Avian Influenza A Viruses (2012)

Our findings provide new insight into the mechanism of NA-I117V-mediated oseltamivir resistance in highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses.
BAILIF: A Blockchain Agnostic Interoperability Framework (2023)

Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize the energy sector by enabling peer-to-peer energy trading, demand-side flexibility trading, and renewable energy certificate trading, among other decentralised energy trading use cases. However, the lack of interoperability between blockchain networks and platforms is a significant challenge that leads to data and information silos. To address this challenge, a Blockchain Agnostic Interoperability Framework (BAILIF) is proposed, which provides a decentralized notary service and a cross-chain attestation and verification protocol. BAILIF adheres to the core principles of blockchain, such as decentralization, transparency, and trust, and can be adopted in other decentralized ecosystems where blockchain interoperability is required. A proof of concept for a distributed energy trading application demonstrates the solution's feasibility. The results showed that BAILIF could achieve a throughput of up to 666 transactions per second, indicating its potential to enable seamless data sharing across blockchain platforms and promote the adoption of renewable energy sources.
High surface-area carbon microcantilevers (2019)

Microscale porous carbon mechanical resonators were formed using carbon nanotube templated microfabrication. These cantilever resonators exhibited nanoscale porosity resulting in a high surface area to volume ratio which could enable sensitive analyte detection in air. These resonators were shown to be mechanically robust and the porosity could be controllably varied resulting in densities from 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>3</sup> kg m<sup>-3</sup>, with pore diameters on the order of hundreds of nanometers. Cantilevers with lengths ranging from 500 μm to 5 mm were clamped in a fixture for mechanical resonance testing where quality factors from 10<sup>2</sup> to 10<sup>3</sup> were observed at atmospheric pressure in air.
Losses in a surface wave sensor in contact with electrolyte solutions (2019)

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensors are under development to characterize aqueous solutions for wellbore integrity monitoring. By using a 36° rotated Y-cut X-propagating LiTaO3 substrate, emission of wave energy into the liquid is minimized. The surface wave velocity is influenced through the complex permittivity of the liquid. This permittivity is changed from that of pure water due to ionic conductivity and ion influence on the water dipole orientation. The surface wave also experiences attenuation which is dependent upon the chemistry of the aqueous phase in contact with the SAW device. In this paper, we calculate velocity change and attenuation for two aqueous solutions of interest: saline solutions and HCl solutions.
Accuracy of Myocardial Blood Flow Estimation From Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Cardiac CT Compared With PET (2019)

Background The accuracy of absolute myocardial blood flow (MBF) from dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography acquisitions has not been fully characterized. We evaluate computed tomography (CT) compared with rubidium-82 positron emission tomography (PET) MBF estimates in a high-risk population. Methods In a prospective trial, patients receiving clinically indicated rubidium-82 PET exams were recruited to receive a dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography exam. The CT protocol included a rest and stress dynamic portion each acquiring 12 to 18 cardiac-gated frames. The global MBF was estimated from the PET and CT exam. Results Thirty-four patients referred for cardiac rest-stress PET were recruited. Of the 68 dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography scans, 5 were excluded because of injection errors or mismatched hemodynamics. The CT-derived global MBF was highly correlated with the PET MBF (r=0.92; P<0.001) with a mean difference of 0.7±26.4%. The CT MBF estimates were within 20% of PET estimates ( P<0.02) with a mean of (1) MBF for resting flow of PET versus CT of 0.9±0.3 versus 1.0±0.2 mL/min per gram and (2) MBF for stress flow of 2.1±0.7 versus 2.0±0.8 mL/min per gram. Myocardial flow reserve was -14±28% underestimated with CT (PET versus CT myocardial flow reserve, 2.5±0.6 versus 2.2±0.6). The proposed rest+stress+computed tomography angiography protocol had a dose length product of 598±76 mGy×cm resulting in an approximate effective dose of 8.4±1.1 mSv. Conclusions In a high-risk clinical population, a clinically practical dynamic contrast-enhanced cardiac computed tomography provided unbiased MBF estimates within 20% of rubidium-82 PET. Although unbiased, the CT estimates contain substantial variance with an standard error of the estimate of 0.44 mL/min per gram. Myocardial flow reserve estimation was not as accurate as individual MBF estimates.
ChemInform Abstract: Dolabellin, a Cytotoxic Bisthiazole Metabolite from the Sea Hare Dolabella auricularia: Structural Determination and Synthesis. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Evidence of Early Retinal Microvascular Changes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Depression (2010)

These data show that patients with Type 2 diabetes with major depression have wider retinal arterioles, supporting the concept that depression is associated with early microvascular changes in Type 2 diabetes.
Catalytic performance of Rh/SiO2 in glycerol reaction under hydrogen (2007)

Glycerol is a main byproduct in the biodiesel production process, and the effective utilization of glycerol can contribute to biodiesel promotion. One of the possible methods is the catalytic conversion of glycerol to valuable chemicals, and this can also agree with the concept of green chemistry in terms of the utilization of renewable resources. Catalytic performance of supported metal catalysts (metal: Rh, Ru, Pt, Pd support: active carbon, SiO2, Al2O3) was evaluated in the reaction of glycerol aqueous solution under H2. It is found that Rh/SiO2 exhibited higher activity and higher selectivity to hydrogenolysis products such as propanediols and propanols than Ru/C catalysts at low temperature (393 K). We also investigated the additive effect of ion-exchange resin (Amberlyst). Regarding the reaction route in the reaction of glycerol, it is suggested that the consecutive hydrogenolysis of propanediols to propanols on Rh/SiO2 can proceed via 1,2-propanediol, while it can proceed on Ru/C via 1,3-propanediol.
Simultaneous electrical and contractile monitoring of cardiomyocytes on silicon microelectrode arrays (2018)

Frontiers Events is a rapidly growing calendar management system dedicated to the scheduling of academic events. This includes announcements and invitations, participant listings and search functionality, abstract handling and publication, related events and post-event exchanges. Whether an organizer or participant, make your event a Frontiers Event!
Dispatchable High-Power Wind Turbine Based on a Multilevel Converter With Modular Structure and Hybrid Energy Storage Integration (2021)

This paper presents a new multilevel converter solution with modular structure and hybrid energy-storage integration suitable to drive modern/future high-power medium-voltage wind turbines. The hybrid energy-storage integration means that part of the converter submodules are built with batteries and part of them with conventional capacitors. Since traditional wind turbines are non-dispatchable generators, the integration of an energy storage system could be beneficial in multiple ways as the wind power plant could provide stability support to the grid, improvement of the unit commitment and economic dispatch, and the power plant owner could increase his revenues in the electricity market. The capacitors of the proposed converter are responsible to transfer the power produced by the wind turbine to the grid, and the batteries are only charged/discharged with the mismatch between the power produced by the turbine and the power to be injected into the grid, considering a dispatchable operation where the power injected into the grid is different from the power generated by the turbine. The medium-voltage structure could be an interesting option to overcome problems related to high currents in modern/future high-power wind turbines resulting in more efficient, more compact and lighter solutions. Modular multilevel converters are suitable to handle medium-voltage levels and they allow for a straightforward integration of energy storage systems in a decentralized manner.
High-Power Microwave Switching Utilizing Low- Temperature Gas Discharge Tube (2017)

Microwave breakdown of gas and formation of plasma can be a destructive effect that limits power handling of highfrequency devices and circuits with small gaps <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> , <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . When such plasma is formed, the insulated air gaps are transformed into conductive regions. Although this phenomenon can result in performance degradation or even device failure, it can alternatively be useful for some high power devices such as limiters <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> , attenuators <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> and switches. In microwave-induced plasma, the incoming wave is employed for plasma ignition, and hence there is no concern about power consumption. Also, microwave-driven plasma can operate in the α-discharge regime <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> even at atmospheric pressure and thus requires lower operating voltage and power <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> and has much higher stability and much longer lifetime in comparison with dc plasma <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> .
A genomic‐augmented multivariate prognostic model for the survival of natural‐killer/T‐cell lymphoma patients from an international cohort (2022)

With lowering costs of sequencing and genetic profiling techniques, genetic drivers can now be detected readily in tumors but current prognostic models for Natural-killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) have yet to fully leverage on them for prognosticating patients. Here, we used next-generation sequencing to sequence 260 NKTCL tumors, and trained a genomic prognostic model (GPM) with the genomic mutations and survival data from this retrospective cohort of patients using LASSO Cox regression. The GPM is defined by the mutational status of 13 prognostic genes and is weakly correlated with the risk-features in International Prognostic Index (IPI), Prognostic Index for Natural-Killer cell lymphoma (PINK), and PINK-Epstein-Barr virus (PINK-E). Cox-proportional hazard multivariate regression also showed that the new GPM is independent and significant for both progression-free survival (PFS, HR: 3.73, 95% CI 2.07-6.73; p < .001) and overall survival (OS, HR: 5.23, 95% CI 2.57-10.65; p = .001) with known risk-features of these indices. When we assign an additional risk-score to samples, which are mutant for the GPM, the Harrell's C-indices of GPM-augmented IPI, PINK, and PINK-E improved significantly (p < .001, χ<sup>2</sup> test) for both PFS and OS. Thus, we report on how genomic mutational information could steer toward better prognostication of NKTCL patients.
Use of Cardiac Phase-Contrast MRI to Examine Hemodynamics and Wall Deformation Within the Aortic Root for Patients With Bicuspid Aortic Valves (2007)

As the most common congenital heart defect, bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) occurs in 1–2 % of the population and has been associated with serious complications such as aortic valve dysfunction, infective endocarditis, aortic dilatation, aortic aneurysm, and aortic dissection [1, 2]. While the pathogenesis of this valve malformation has been postulated to be genetic, the resulting vascular environment and abnormal hemodynamics are hypothesized to contribute to the progression of the disease and its subsequently high morbidity and mortality (greater than 33% of patients with BAV develop serious complications from the disease) [1]. However, clinical details supporting the causality between altered local blood flow dynamics and development of structural abnormality at the aortic root are still lacking.
Assessment of Antiretroviral Therapy by Plasma Viral Load Testing (1995)

To assess the utility of quantitative competitive-polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) measurements of plasma human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and other viral load markers for assessment of antiretroviral therapy, we used archived cryopreserved specimens from a randomized controlled clinical trial of 135 patients (CD4+ T cell count < or = 500/mm3), comparing zidovudine (500 mg/day) versus the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor L-697, 661 (50, 300, or 1,000 mg daily). We evaluated treatment-associated changes in plasma viral load by standard and immune complex-dissociated (ICD) HIV-1 p24 antigen assays, and, in a representative subset of patients (n = 46), by QC-PCR determination of virion-associated HIV-1 RNA. At baseline, HIV-1 RNA was quantifiable by QC-PCR in all patients tested (100%), whereas standard and ICD HIV-1 p24 antigen tests were positive (> or = 30 pg/ml) in 42% and 56%, respectively. All viral load parameters showed significant decreases from baseline within 1 week of initiation of zidovudine, as measured by standard p24 antigen assay, ICD p24 assay, and QC-PCR. At 1 week, patients treated with either 300 or 1,000 mg/day of L-697,661 showed significant decreases from baseline in plasma standard and ICD p24 antigen and QC-PCR-determined HIV-1 RNA levels. Whereas viral load decreases seen with zidovudine were sustained for the duration of treatment, plasma viral markers often returned to pretreatment levels despite ongoing L-697,661 treatment, with evidence of the emergence of drug-resistant virus. Whereas standard p24, ICD p24, and viral RNA levels changed similarly in response to treatment, the superior sensitivity and available dynamic range of plasma viral RNA assays like QC-PCR analysis provide an advantage for clinical monitoring of plasma viral load, allowing tracking of treatment-related changes even in patients with earlier stage disease and lower levels of viral load.
Distributed control concepts for future power grids (2013)

Power grids by their nature occupy a large geographical area, and any robust, intelligent control system for these grids needs to be distributed as well. Moreover, the increase in both the number and types of intelligent power consumer devices and the number and variation in renewable power sources presents new challenges and opportunities for more intelligent control. In this paper, the authors use a small scale model for such a DC micro-power grid to implement and test several intelligent control algorithms. These are implemented using a combination of real-time control and intelligent agents. Each distributed algorithm is described and preliminary results from this testing have provided important advances toward an understanding of information management in highly dynamic distributed power systems.
Effects of season, maturity, and sex on lipid class dynamics in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides Lacepede) (1995)

Abstract Abstract Factors that can influence changes in lipid class concentrations in specific tissues have not been reported for largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides . We investigated patterns of lipid composition by measuring seasonal levels of total lipid and major lipid classes in the muscle and liver tissues of juvenile and adult largemouth bass and gonad tissue of adults. Fish were collected in December, February, April and July to correspond with key stages of the sexual cycle. Total lipid concentrations were substantially greater in hepatic (32.8 [female] to 56.6 [male] mg. g −1 ) and gonadal tissues (34.4 [F] to 204.0 [M] mg. g −1 ) than in muscle (7. 5 [F] to 11.4 [M] mg. g −1 ). Muscle lipid concentrations in juveniles were significantly higher (10.9 [F] and 11.4 [M] mg. g −1 ) in summer than in winter in adult muscle tissue (8.6 [F] and 9.4 [MI mg. g −1 ). A 44% increase in ovary lipid was observed from preparatory to prespawn stages, followed by a 78% decline after the spawn. Additionally, seasonal hepatic lipid concentrations were substantially higher in juveniles. Concentrations of lipid classes (free cholesterol [C], triacylglycerol [TAG], free‐fatty acids [FFA], esterified cholesterol [CE] and phospholipid [PL]) of all tissue types varied significantly among season, sex, and maturity categories. Changes with all lipid classes in the ovary coincided with those occurring in total ovarian lipid. Mobilization and transport of TAG and PL from the liver to the ovary appeared to occur during gametogenesis. All class concentrations in juveniles were invariably higher in liver than in muscle, but seasonally variable among hepatic and gonad tissues of adults. Juvenile males showed slightly greater hepatic C concentrations than other groups. Muscle and hepatic C were generally higher in juveniles.
Ripple-free model reference adaptive control (1990)

It is shown how to change the primary control structure of a model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme from the usual minimum settling time-type algorithm to a ripple-free response control (RFRC) scheme. RFRC does not try to compensate process zeros, avoiding ringing effects (like intersampling ripple). The main issue in the derivation of the RFRC-MRAC scheme is the establishment of a stable adaptive law which guarantees a ripple-free behavior if the error signal tends to zero. In the original MRAC scheme, the error signal consisted of the desired error plus a transient term which tends to zero when adaptation proceeds. In this MRAC scheme, the error consists of a filtered form of the desired RFRC error. Hence, if the error used in the adaption tends to zero, the RFRC behavior is achieved. The scheme avoids ringing effects and can control nonminimum-phase processes. The cost of these advantages is a slowing down of the process response by a number of samples equal to the order of the numerator polynomial. Simulations confirm the RFRC-like characteristics, and practical results on a water level system show the usability of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Comparative analysis of power amplifiers' polynomial based models identification using RLS algorithm (2016)

This paper investigates the performance of RF power amplifiers' behavioral models in the context of the adaptive model coefficients' identification. The forward twin-nonlinear two-box (TNTB) model is compared to the memory polynomial and orthogonal memory polynomial models. The study, performed using measured data of a Doherty power amplifier prototype driven by multi-carrier signals, highlights the complexity reduction provided by the TNTB model in comparison with the two other models. The results show the superiority of the TNTB model in the context of adaptive parameter-estimation as it leads to better normalized mean squared error while requiring a substantially lower number of parameters. Furthermore, the TNTB model requires less parameters for its identification, and thus less power consumption for its estimation. This makes this model suitable for implementation in energy efficient green communication systems.