gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perfluoroalkyl-Functionalized Graphene Oxide as a Multifunctional Additive for Promoting the Energetic Performance of Aluminum (2022)

Aluminum (Al) is a widely used metal fuel for energetic applications ranging from space propulsion and exploration, and materials processing, to power generation for nano- and microdevices due to its high energy density and earth abundance. Recently, the ignition and combustion performance of Al particles were found to be improved by graphene-based additives, such as graphene oxide (GO) and graphene fluoride (GF), as their reactions provide heat to accelerate Al oxidation, gas to reduce particle agglomeration, and fluorine-containing species to remove Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. However, GF is not only expensive but also hydrophobic with poor mixing compatibility with Al particles. Herein, we report a multifunctional graphene-based additive for Al combustion, i.e., perfluoroalkyl-functionalized graphene oxide (CFGO), which integrates the benefits of GO and GF in one material. We compared the effects of CFGO to GO and GF on the ignition and combustion properties of nAl particles using thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, temperature-jump ignition), Xe flash ignition, and constant-volume combustion test. These experiments confirm that CFGO generates fluorine-containing species, heat, and gases, which collectively lower the ignition threshold, augment the energy release rate, and reduce the combustion product agglomeration of nanosized Al particles, outperforming both GO and GF as additives. This work shows the great potential of using multifunctionalized graphene as an integrated additive for enhancing the ignition and combustion of metals.
Tracking blood flow changes in the brains of neonates using angular-coherence-based power doppler (2019)

Reliable blood flow measurements in the neonatal brain are difficult to obtain with conventional Power Doppler (PD) due to small vessel size, slow flow, and strong reverberation from the cranium. Under such imaging conditions, it is important to use long ensemble lengths and to reduce the acoustic noise in order to separate the slow-flow signal from the stationary-tissue clutter. We have recently developed the short-lag angular coherence (SLAC) beamforming method to reduce noise in the Doppler data, and used it to track blood-flow changes in the brains of neonates. SLAC suppresses the incoherent portion of the beam-summed signals and utilizes Fourier beamforming for fast processing of large Doppler ensembles. To remove stationary tissue signal from the data, we have also utilized spatiotemporal filtering prior to the SLAC processing step. The matching frames of SLAC-based PD and conventional PD were reconstructed from the same Doppler data captured on the neonatal brain vasculature over 4 cm depth. To achieve a fair comparison, the Doppler signal of each modality was normalized by its respective noise profile measured as a function of depth from a stationary speckle phantom. The SLAC images showed better delineation of small vessels, and the vessel SNR was measured to be up to 2 dB higher in SLAC images than in matching PD images. To demonstrate the quantitative aspect of SLAC-based PD, we have also created matched conventional PD and SLAC-based PD videos from the ten-second Doppler scans of neonatal brains. For the vasculature of interest, integrated pixel intensity was computed as a function of time. SLAC-based PD was able to capture changes in the cortical flow, and it closely followed the corresponding conventional PD signal for the duration of the acquisition. No external stimuli were applied during the scans. Normalized cross-correlation between the two signals was 0.991.
Sol‐Gel Synthesis of a New Oxide‐Ion Conductor Sr‐ and Mg‐Doped LaGaO 3 Perovskite (1996)

Sr‐ and Mg‐doped LaGaO 3 powders were prepared from a salt acetate solution. The stable solution was peptized by reacting ammonium hydroxide with the precursor solution. Thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) was used to characterize first the dehydration and then the thermal decomposition of the organic ligands of the dried gel. The transformation from amorphous powders into a crystallized, homogeneous oxide phase corresponds to two endothermic peaks in the DTA curve; the first one at 150°C is related to the removal of water and is followed by a shoulder at 250°C. The second peak at 300°C corresponds to a superposition of two decomposition reactions: acetate salt into its oxycarbonate and this oxycarbonate into its oxide. Two subsequent exothermic peaks correspond to oxidation of evolved gases such as methane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide. TEM observations show an average 10 nm particle size of the LaGaO 3 powder after annealing at 600°C. X‐ray diffraction patterns indicate a pure primitive‐cubic phase is formed by 1300°C without formation of any SrLaGaO 3 impurity. The impedance spectroscopy on a 93%‐dense sample exhibits no grain‐boundary contribution and an ac conductivity σ= 0.11 Ω −1 ·cm −1 at 800°C.
Flux-balance analysis of mitochondrial energy metabolism: consequences of systemic stoichiometric constraints (2001)

Mitochondrial metabolism is a critical component in the functioning and maintenance of cellular organs. The stoichiometry of biochemical reaction networks imposes constraints on mitochondrial function. A modeling framework, flux-balance analysis (FBA), was used to characterize the optimal flux distributions for maximal ATP production in the mitochondrion. The model predicted the expected ATP yields for glucose, lactate, and palmitate. Genetic defects that affect mitochondrial functions have been implicated in several human diseases. FBA can characterize the metabolic behavior due to genetic deletions at the metabolic level, and the effect of mutations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle on mitochondrial ATP production was simulated. The mitochondrial ATP production is severely affected by TCA-cycle mutations. In addition, the model predicts the secretion of TCA-cycle intermediates, which is observed in clinical studies of mitochondriopathies such as those associated with fumarase deficiency. The model provides a systemic perspective to characterize the effect of stoichiometric constraints and specific metabolic fluxes on mitochondrial function.
Analysis of the distribution of ingested bacteria in nanoflagellates and estimation of grazing rates with flow cytometry (2000)

The distribution of ingested bacteria in nanoflagellates was assessed to suggest whether or not there are subgroups of grazers with different grazing rates. Several discrete random distributions were compared to the distribution of ingested fluorescently labeled bacteria (FLB) in cultures of Rhynchomonas nasuta and Paraphysomonas vestita. Sample distributions typically fit both the Poisson with extra zeros (Poisson EZ, tested as a truncated Poisson) and negative binomial, but only occasionally fit a Poisson. Both the Poisson EZ and the negative binomial distributions suggest a heterogeneous population composed of subgroups of flagellates with different grazing rates. Although these models provide acceptable mathematical descriptions, their specific biological implications with regard to the number of flagellate subgroups remain to be proven. Based on fit of the distribution of ingested prey to a Poisson EZ, a rapid cytometnc method for estimation of grazing rates on FLB is presented. The method uses changes in the probability of grazers not ingesting FLB during short incubations (ca 15 rnin) to estimate the Poisson parameter and the fraction of extra zeros, from which the average grazing rate is calculated. Grazing rates determined by microscopy and by this cytometry method were similar. Frequency distributions of cytometric histograms of fluorescent microspheres in grazers suggest that both the Poisson EZ and negative binomial models are simplifications of a more complex distribution of grazing rates.
138-µm mode-locked Raman fiber laser pumped by semiconductor disk laser (2010)

A mode-locked Raman fiber laser pumped by 1.3 µm semiconductor disk laser is demonstrated. Direct Watt-level core-pumping of the single-mode fiber Raman lasers and amplifiers with low-noise disk lasers is demonstrated to represent a highly practical solution as compared with conventional scheme using pumping by Raman wavelength convertors. Raman laser employing passive mode-locking by nonlinear polarization evolution in normal dispersion regime produces stable pedestal-free 1.97 ps pulses at 1.38 µm. Using semiconductor disk lasers capable of producing high power with diffraction-limited beam allows Raman gain to be obtained at virtually any wavelength of interest owing to spectral versatility of semiconductor gain materials and wafer-fusing technology.
Diverse Cross-Reactive Potential and Vβ Gene Usage of an Epitope-Specific Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Population in Monkeys Immunized with Diverse Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env Immunogens (2009)

An ideal human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine would elicit potent cellular and humoral immune responses that recognize diverse strains of the virus. In the present study, combined methodologies (flow cytometry, Vbeta repertoire analysis, and complementarity-determining region 3 sequencing) were used to determine the clonality of CD8(+) T lymphocytes taking part in the recognition of variant epitope peptides elicited in Mamu-A*01-positive rhesus monkeys immunized with vaccines encoding diverse HIV-1 envelopes (Envs). Monkeys immunized with clade B Envs generated CD8(+) T lymphocytes that cross-recognized both clade B- and clade C-p41A epitope peptides using a large degree of diversity in Vbeta gene usage. However, with two monkeys immunized with clade C Env, one monkey exhibited p41A-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTL) with the capacity for cross-recognition of variant epitopes, while the other monkey did not. These studies demonstrate that the cross-reactive potential of variant p41A epitope peptide-specific CTL populations can differ between monkeys that share the same restricting major histocompatibility complex class I molecule and receive the same vaccine immunogens.
Supplementary Video S2 from MAP9 Loss Triggers Chromosomal Instability, Initiates Colorectal Tumorigenesis, and Is Associated with Poor Survival of Patients with Colorectal Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Video S2&lt;/p&gt;
Differentiation potential of individual olfactory c‐Kit+ progenitors determined via multicolor lineage tracing (2015)

Olfactory tissue undergoes lifelong renewal, due to the presence of basal neural stem cells. Multiple categories of globose basal stem cells have been identified, expressing markers such as Lgr5, Ascl1, GBC-2, and c-Kit. The differentiation potential of individual globose cells has remained unclear. Here, we utilized Cre/loxP lineage tracing with a multicolor reporter system to define c-Kit+ cell contributions at clonal resolution. We determined that reporter expression permitted identification of c-Kit derived progeny with fine cellular detail, and that clones were found to be comprised by neurons only, microvillar cells only, microvillar cells and neurons, or gland/duct cells. Quantification of reporter-labeled cells indicated that c-Kit+ cells behave as transit amplifying or immediate precursors, although we also found evidence for longer-term c-Kit+ cell contributions. Our results from the application of multicolor fate mapping delineate the clonal contributions of c-Kit+ cells to olfactory epithelial renewal, and provide novel insight into tissue maintenance of an adult neuroepithelium.
Development of Niobium Bearing High Carbon Steel Sheet for Knitting Needles (2018)

Effect of Nb addition less than 0.05 mass% on the quench and tempering behavior of spheroidized eutectoid steel, which has been usually applied to knitting needles, was investigated. The results obtained are as follows. 1) Hardenability with brief heating was markedly improved by 0.01 mass% Nb addition. 2) Both quenching elongation and its standard deviation decreased with 0.01 mass% Nb addition compared to those of Nb free steel. 3) While the effect of Nb addition on the hardness change during low temperature tempering was hardly observed, not only the impact toughness but also the fatigue durability were improved with 0.01 mass% Nb addition. 4) APT (Atom Probe Tomography) analyses indicated that the precipitation of carbon in solution proceeded directly to the ε and/or θ carbides with carbon contents of higher than 25 at% by Nb addition without going through a clustering process up to 10~15at% during low temperature tempering. 5) In spite of the same content of P, the average bulk concentration of P in the martensite phase markedly increased with the addition of Nb up to 0.05 mass%. 6) Regarding the optimum content of 0.01 mass% Nb on the various mechanical properties under the low temperature tempering of martensite, it is considered that they are dominated by the sum of the positive effect for promoting carbide precipitation during low temperature tempering with Nb addition and the negative effect for deteriorating the toughness with increasing bulk concenteration of P in the martensitic phase with addition of Nb higher than 0.02 mass%.
Five-year Follow-up Evaluation of Surgical Treatment for Cervical Myelopathy Caused by Ossification of the Posterior Longitudinal Ligament (2011)

ADF is considered especially suitable for cases with massive OPLL and preoperative kyphotic alignment of the cervical spine, although it leads to a higher incidence of surgery-related complications compared with LAMP.
Oil recovery in the presence of microbubbles in the filtration flow (2012)

This paper presents mathematical models for oil-gas flow taking into account the various processes due to the formation of gas micronuclei (microbubbles) in oil: slip of oil relative to the walls of the pore channels (gas lubrication), changes in oil viscosity, and motion of microbubles with respect to oil. We consider examples of oil flow in the near-wellbore zone for the case where a reduction in pressure to the saturation pressure leads to the formation of gas microbubbles and micronuclei and examples of the action of a water-gas mixture in the case where oil foams in the contact area with the injected gas, i.e., a finely dispersed mixture of oil and microbubbles is formed. The behavior of indicator curves for an oil well with the formation of microbubbles is simulated, and the effect of microbubbles on the oil recovery factor in a water-alternating-gas injection process is studied.
First Observation ofCPViolation in the Decays ofBs0Mesons (2013)

Using pp collision data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb(-1) and collected by LHCb in 2011 at a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, we report the measurement of direct CP violation in B(s)(0)→K(-)π(+) decays, A(CP)(B(s)(0)→K(-)π(+)=0.27±0.04 (stat)±0.01 (syst), with significance exceeding 5 standard deviations. This is the first observation of CP violation in the decays of B(s)(0) mesons. Furthermore, we provide an improved determination of direct CP violation in B(0)→K(+)π(-) decays, A(CP)(B(0)→K(+)π(-)=-0.080±0.007 (stat)±0.003 (syst), which is the most precise measurement of this quantity to date.
Phylogenetic, Virological, and Clinical Characteristics of Genotype C Hepatitis B Virus with TCC at Codon 15 of the Precore Region (2006)

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) with T-1856 of the precore region is always associated with C-1858 (i.e., TCC at nucleotides 1856 to 1858), and it is reported only in genotype C HBV isolates. We aimed to investigate the phylogenetic, virological, and clinical characteristics of HBV isolates bearing TCC at nucleotides 1856 to 1858. We have previously reported on the presence of two major subgroups in genotype C HBV, namely, HBV genotype Cs (Southeast Asia) and HBV genotype Ce (Far East). We have designed a novel 5' nuclease technology based on the nucleotide polymorphism (C or A) at nucleotide 2733 to differentiate the two genotype C HBV subgroups. The mutations at the basal core promoter and precore regions were analyzed by direct sequencing. Among 214 genotype C HBV-infected patients, 31% had TCC, 37% had CCC, 3% had CTC, and 29% had CCT at nucleotides 1856 to 1858. All except one HBV strain with TCC at nucleotides 1856 to 1858 belonged to subgroup Cs, which has been reported only in Hong Kong; Guangzhou, China; and Vietnam. HBV with TCC at nucleotides 1856 to 1858 was associated with the G1898A mutation (64%). Patients infected with HBV harboring TCC had more liver cirrhosis than those infected with HBV harboring CCC (18% versus 5%; P = 0.008), and more of the patients infected with HBV harboring TCC were positive for HBeAg (58% versus 36%; P = 0.01) and had higher median alanine aminotransferase levels (65 IU/liter versus 49 IU/liter; P = 0.006); but similar proportions of patients infected with HBV harboring TCC and those infected with HBV harboring CCT had liver cirrhosis (18% versus 13%; P = 0.43). In summary, we report that HBV with TCC at nucleotides 1856 to 1858 of the precore region might represent a specific HBV strain associated with more aggressive liver disease than other genotype C HBV strains.
Input impedance conditions for minimizing the noise figure of an analog optical link (2002)

It has been previously shown that 3 dB is the lowest noise figure attainable for an amplifierless optical link with perfect lossless impedance matching to the RF source. In a prior experimental link with near-perfect impedance matching, dissipative loss in our input matching circuit prevented us from achieving a measured noise figure of less than 4 dB. Investigation of the effects of input impedance mismatch indicates that mismatch can actually lower the noise figure to below 3 dB even in the presence of some dissipative loss in the input circuit. We have verified this theory by using the mismatch effect to reduce the measured noise figure of our link to 2.5 dB at 130 MHz. We believe this is the first demonstration of amplifierless link noise figure of less than 3 dB. We confirmed the validity of our measurement technique by also measuring the noise figure of a 2.5 dB RF attenuator to be 2.5 dB.
Leukocyte and Dried Blood Spot Arylsulfatase A Assay by Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2020)

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assays were developed to measure arylsulfatase A (ARSA) activity in leukocytes and dried blood spots (DBS) using deuterated natural sulfatide substrate. These new assays were highly specific and sensitive. Patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) and multiple sulfatase deficiency (MSD) displayed a clear deficit in the enzymatic activity and could be completely distinguished from normal controls. The leukocyte assay reported here will be important for diagnosing MLD and MSD patients and for monitoring the efficacy of therapeutic treatments. ARSA activity was measured in DBS for the first time without an antibody. This new ARSA DBS assay can serve as a second-tier test following the sulfatide measurement in DBS for newborn screening of MLD. This leads to an elimination of most of the false positives identified by the sulfatide assay.
Microstructured barbs on the North American porcupine quill enable easy tissue penetration and difficult removal (2012)

North American porcupines are well known for their specialized hairs, or quills that feature microscopic backward-facing deployable barbs that are used in self-defense. Herein we show that the natural quill's geometry enables easy penetration and high tissue adhesion where the barbs specifically contribute to adhesion and unexpectedly, dramatically reduce the force required to penetrate tissue. Reduced penetration force is achieved by topography that appears to create stress concentrations along regions of the quill where the cross sectional diameter grows rapidly, facilitating cutting of the tissue. Barbs located near the first geometrical transition zone exhibit the most substantial impact on minimizing the force required for penetration. Barbs at the tip of the quill independently exhibit the greatest impact on tissue adhesion force and the cooperation between barbs in the 0-2 mm and 2-4 mm regions appears critical to enhance tissue adhesion force. The dual functions of barbs were reproduced with replica molded synthetic polyurethane quills. These findings should serve as the basis for the development of bio-inspired devices such as tissue adhesives or needles, trocars, and vascular tunnelers where minimizing the penetration force is important to prevent collateral damage.
Usefulness of MIB1 monoclonal antibody in assessing the proliferative index in human bladder carcinoma: comparison with Ki-67 antibody (1994)

The reactivity of MIB1 antibody on routinely processed paraffin sections was compared with that of Ki-67 antibody on frozen sections of 80 transitional cell carcinomas of the bladder. The percentage of labelled cells was expressed as the labelling index. MIB1 labelling indices were higher than those of Ki-67 but for each case the two values were strongly correlated (r = 0.91). Ki-67 and MIB1 indices were also correlated to tumour grade and stage (P < or = 0.001). MIB1 indices determined after both formaldehyde and ethanol based Bouin's fluid fixatives did not show any significant difference. MIB1 antibody staining after microwave oven heating of tissue sections is a simple technique for assessing the proliferative fraction of bladder tumours on fixed material. The use of MIB1 antibody permits retrospective studies and should determine whether the proliferation index in bladder carcinoma has the same prognostic value as demonstrated in other types of neoplasms.
Two‐pore channels regulate Tat endolysosome escape and Tat‐mediated HIV‐1 LTR transactivation (2020)

HIV-1 Tat is essential for HIV-1 replication and appears to play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated neurological complications. Secreted from infected or transfected cells, Tat has the extraordinary ability to cross the plasma membrane. In the brain, Tat can be taken up by CNS cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. Following endocytosis and its internalization into endolysosomes, Tat must be released in order for it to activate the HIV-1 LTR promoter and facilitate HIV-1 viral replication in the nucleus. However, the underlying mechanisms whereby Tat escapes endolysosomes remain unclear. Because Tat disrupts intracellular calcium homeostasis, we investigated the involvement of calcium in Tat endolysosome escape and subsequent LTR transactivation. We demonstrated that chelating endolysosome calcium with high-affinity rhodamine-dextran or chelating cytosolic calcium with BAPTA-AM attenuated Tat endolysosome escape and LTR transactivation. Significantly, we demonstrated that pharmacologically blocking and knocking down the endolysosome-resident two-pore channels (TPCs) attenuated Tat endolysosome escape and LTR transactivation. This calcium-mediated effect appears to be selective for TPCs because knocking down TRPML1 calcium channels was without effect. Our findings suggest that calcium released from TPCs is involved in Tat endolysosome escape and subsequent LTR transactivation. TPCs might represent a novel therapeutic target against HIV-1 infection and HIV-associated neurological complications.