gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pre-incubation of corneal donor tissue with sCD83 improves graft survival via the induction of alternatively activated macrophages and tolerogenic dendritic cells (2021)

Immune responses reflect a complex interplay of cellular and extracellular components which define the microenvironment of a tissue. Therefore, factors that locally influence the microenvironment and re-establish tolerance might be beneficial to mitigate immune-mediated reactions, including the rejection of a transplant. In this study, we demonstrate that pre-incubation of donor tissue with the immune modulator soluble CD83 (sCD83) significantly improves graft survival using a high-risk corneal transplantation model. The induction of tolerogenic mechanisms in graft recipients was achieved by a significant upregulation of Tgfb, Foxp3, Il27, and Il10 in the transplant and an increase of regulatory dendritic cells (DCs), macrophages (Mφ), and T cells (Tregs) in eye-draining lymph nodes. The presence of sCD83 during in vitro DC and Mφ generation directed these cells toward a tolerogenic phenotype leading to reduced proliferation-stimulating activity in MLRs. Mechanistically, sCD83 induced a tolerogenic Mφ and DC phenotype, which favors Treg induction and significantly increased transplant survival after adoptive cell transfer. Conclusively, pre-incubation of corneal grafts with sCD83 significantly prolongs graft survival by modulating recipient Mφ and DCs toward tolerance and thereby establishing a tolerogenic microenvironment. This functional strategy of donor graft pre-treatment paves the way for new therapeutic options in the field of transplantation.
Identification of optimum synthesis conditions for a novel anion exchange membrane by response surface methodology (2013)

ABSTRACT The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was employed for the optimization of the synthesis conditions of an anion exchange membrane. A novel chlorinated‐polypropylene heterogeneous anion exchange membrane was made via phase inversion. A nonionic surfactant was incorporated into the composition as an additive to enhance the membrane properties. The membrane performance was measured in terms of ion exchange capacity (IEC) and permselectivity. An experimental design was used to quantify the effects of variables including the ratio of resin/polymer, the ratio of additive/total solid, and the ratio of solvent/polymer, on IEC and permselectivity. For each function, a quadratic model was developed to correlate the relationship between variables and the response. The results demonstrated the accuracy of the two models. The anion exchange membrane with the best combination of a high IEC and high permselectivity was synthesized with a solvent/polymer ratio of 18.63 (v/w), resin/polymer ratio of 1 (w/w), and additive/total solid ratio of 0.02 (w/w). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39888.
Lung-On-A-Chip Technologies for Disease Modeling and Drug Development (2016)

Animal and two-dimensional cell culture models have had a profound impact on not only lung research but also medical research at large, despite inherent flaws and differences when compared with in vivo and clinical observations. Three-dimensional (3D) tissue models are a natural progression and extension of existing techniques that seek to plug the gaps and mitigate the drawbacks of two-dimensional and animal technologies. In this review, we describe the transition of historic models to contemporary 3D cell and organoid models, the varieties of current 3D cell and tissue culture modalities, the common methods for imaging these models, and finally, the applications of these models and imaging techniques to lung research.
Stereoselective Synthesis of myo-Inositol via Ring-Closing Metathesis:  A Building Block for Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) Anchor Synthesis (2002)

Here we report a concise stereoselective synthesis of myo-inositol via ring-closing metathesis. A readily available bis-Weinreb amide of D-tartrate served as a key intermediate. [reaction: see text]
Ground-glass opacity on thin-section CT: value in differentiating subtypes of adenocarcinoma of the lung. (1999)

Determination of the ground-glass opacity area in each tumor as revealed on thin-section CT was useful for differentiating small localized bronchioloalveolar carcinomas from small adenocarcinomas not having a replacement growth pattern.
The block island workshop: Summary report. (1997)

In the opening chapter, we outlined several areas of research in vision and control, and posed several related questions for discussion. During the Block Island workshop on Vision and Control, these and many related ideas were debated in the formal presentations and discussion periods. The summary reports of these discussions, which can be viewed as http://cvc.yale.edu/bi-workshop.html, portray a rich and diverse collection of views and opinions related to topics surrounding vision and control.
Fast Univariate Inference for Longitudinal Functional Models (2021)

We propose fast univariate inferential approaches for longitudinal Gaussian and non-Gaussian functional data. The approach consists of three steps: (1) fit massively univariate pointwise mixed effects models; (2) apply any smoother along the functional domain; and (3) obtain joint confidence bands using analytic approaches for Gaussian data or a bootstrap of study participants for non-Gaussian data. Methods are motivated by two applications: (1) Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) measured at multiple visits along the corpus callosum of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients; and (2) physical activity data measured by body-worn accelerometers for multiple days. An extensive simulation study indicates that model fitting and inference are accurate and much faster than existing approaches. Moreover, the proposed approach was the only one that was computationally feasible for the physical activity data application. Methods are accompanied by R software, though the method is "read-and-use", as it can be implemented by any analyst who is familiar with mixed effects model software.
Portable phone service for an upscale subdivision-an economic assessment (1990)

The economic advantages of applying low-powered digital radio in the last 1000 ft of the telephone local loop are investigated. The local loops in this study serve subscribers in a newly developed subdivision. The loop facility to accomplish this consists of two components. The first is a digital multiplexed cable carrier system from the central office to various radio ports strategically located in the service area. The second consists of low-powered, digital, multiple-access radio links which connect subscribers to the radio ports. The radio loop facility was configured to provide service only to subscribers within the boundaries of the subdivision. The results of the economic study showed that radio technology has the potential of being a viable alternative to a conventional metallic cable facility. The degree of attractiveness depends upon the system design (number of radio ports required).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Installation Effects on the Flow and Noise of Wing Mounted Jets (2007)

T IS known experimentally, since the late 1970s, that a jet installed under a wing of an aircraft radiates more noise than the same jet in a standalone condition. The excess noise is the propulsion-airframe integration noise or commonly referred to as installation noise. When a jet is placed near a wing, there is an increase in noise in the flyover directions because of the reflection of sound by the wing. Here, installation noise includes not merely the noise increase due to the reflection of sound by the wing. The major part of this noise is generated aerodynamicly by the nonlinear interaction between the flow around the wing flap and the jet. In this work,ourprimaryinterestistomodelandtopredictinstallationnoise of aerodynamic origin. Installation noise increases not only the total aircraftnoiseinthe flyoverplanebutalsointhesidelinedirections.It is especially important during landings and takeoffs when the flaps are down. Duringthe1980s,anumberofexperimentswerecarriedouttrying to quantify the characteristics and intensity of installation noise [1– 4]. Most of these experiments involved the measurements of the jet alone noise and the noise when the jet was placed near a model of an aircraft wing inside an anechoic chamber. The experimental measurements by Wang [2] were the most systematic. In his experiment,ascaledmodelofthewingofaDC-10aircraftwasused. Large noise increase was observed in the flyover plane in the lowfrequencypartofthespectrum.Theincreaseinhigh-frequencynoise was less. In directions at small exhaust angles, the installation noise intensity was quite low. In the sideline, the radiated noise characteristics, on the other hand, were quite different. Overall, the measured data indicated that installation noise had a unique spectral shape and a directional pattern of its own. Recently, there is a renewed interest in propulsion-airframe integration noise. Mead and Strange [5] investigated the under-thewing installation effects on jet noise with special emphasis on the sidelinedirections.Theirinterestinthesidelinewasmotivatedbythe experience that it was generally more difficult to meet legislative limit on sideline noise level requirements. They reported the measurement of high installation noise level in the low-frequency range. One drawback of the Mead and Strange experiment [5], as well as most of the previous works, is that the experiments were carried out in static conditions. Upon realizing that the effect of forward flight is extremely important in the interaction between the flow around the wing flapandthejet,aseriesofnewexperimentsoninstallationnoise was conducted by engineers of The Boeing Company (Shivashankara and Blackner [6], Blackner and Bhat [7], and Bhat and Blackner [8]). They employed an open wind tunnel at M � 0:28 tosimulatetheforwardmotionoftheaircraft.Byusingellipticmirror microphones and the newly developed phase-array microphones, they were able to obtain noise source location maps as well as farfield noise data.
An Energy-Efficient LoRa Multi-Hop Protocol through Preamble Sampling for Remote Sensing (2023)

Internet of Things technologies open up new applications for remote monitoring of forests, fields, etc. These networks require autonomous operation: combining ultra-long-range connectivity with low energy consumption. While typical low-power wide-area networks offer long-range characteristics, they fall short in providing coverage for environmental tracking in ultra-remote areas spanning hundreds of square kilometers. This paper presents a multi-hop protocol to extend the sensor's range, whilst still enabling low-power operation: maximizing sleep time by employing prolonged preamble sampling, and minimizing the transmit energy per actual payload bit through forwarded data aggregation. Real-life experiments, as well as large-scale simulations, prove the capabilities of the proposed multi-hop network protocol. By employing prolonged preamble sampling a node's lifespan can be increased to up to 4 years when transmitting packages every 6 h, a significant improvement compared to only 2 days when continuously listening for incoming packages. By aggregating forwarded data, a node is able to further reduce its energy consumption by up to 61%. The reliability of the network is proven: 90% of nodes achieve a packet delivery ratio of at least 70%. The employed hardware platform, network protocol stack and simulation framework for optimization are released in open access.
Overexpression of the Cdk5 inhibitory peptide in motor neurons rescue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis phenotype in a mouse model (2019)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that affects motor nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. Etiological mechanisms underlying the disease remain poorly understood; recent studies suggest that deregulation of p25/Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) activity leads to the hyperphosphorylation of Tau and neurofilament (NF) proteins in ALS transgenic mouse model (SOD1G37R). A Cdk5 involvement in motor neuron degeneration is supported by analysis of three SOD1G37R mouse lines exhibiting perikaryal inclusions of NF proteins and hyperphosphorylation of Tau. Here, we tested the hypothesis that inhibition of Cdk5/p25 hyperactivation in vivo is a neuroprotective factor during ALS pathogenesis by crossing the new transgenic mouse line that overexpresses Cdk5 inhibitory peptide (CIP) in motor neurons with the SOD1G37R, ALS mouse model (TriTg mouse line). The overexpression of CIP in the motor neurons significantly improves motor deficits, extends survival and delays pathology in brain and spinal cord of TriTg mice. In addition, overexpression of CIP in motor neurons significantly delays neuroinflammatory responses in TriTg mouse. Taken together, these data suggest that CIP may serve as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
A packet snif.ng and synchronization technique to boost P2P satellite networks (2005)

In this paper we propose a collaborative technique called P2P-SatBoost to improve the performance of P2P protocols over satellite networks, and we evaluate it from the perspective of user satisfaction. Highly asymmetric satellite IP connections (satellite downlink and POTS uplink, for example) may be the only reasonably fast access possibility for users in remote regions, specially in the third world. Our technique exploits user ubiquitous access (within a given satellite footprint) and it relies on packet sniffing and any synchronization protocol between peers. We provide a brief description of the packet snif?ng procedure and propose a synchronization protocol. The simulation results indicate that joint packet sniffing and synchronization can substantially speed up P2P downloads.
Intravascular Polarimetry in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2019)

Intravascular polarimetry provides quantitative metrics that help characterize coronary arterial tissues and may offer refined insight into coronary arterial atherosclerotic lesions in patients.
Atomic Spectrometry Update—Instrumentation (1987)

This review describes developments in all aspects of atomic spectroscopic instrumentation reported in the Atomic Spectrometry Update References in JAAS, Volume 1 (86/710–86/2039) and Volume 2 (87/1–87/637). Thus it follows the review published last year (87/417). The full references, names and addresses of authors can be readily found from the Atomic Spectrometry Update References in the relevant issues of JAAS, however, as an additional service to readers an abbreviated form of each literature reference quoted (except for those to Conference Proceedings) is given at the end of the review. This innovation is in response to suggestions from readers, and other comments as to possible improvements in future reviews are always welcome. It is hoped that succeeding reviews in this series will be extended to include X-ray spectrometry although this current review is principally concerned with the instrumentation for AAS, AFS, AES and ICP-MS.
An Electrochemical Cholesteric Liquid Crystalline Device for Quick and Low-Voltage Color Modulation (2019)

We demonstrate a method for fabricating a prototype reflective display device that contains cholesteric liquid crystal (LC) as an active component. The cholesteric LC is composed of a nematic LC 4'-pentyloxy-4-cyanobiphenyl (5OCB), redox-responsive chiral dopant (FcD), and a supporting electrolyte 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (EMIm-OTf). The most important component is FcD. This molecule changes its helical twisting power (HTP) value in response to redox reactions. Therefore, in situ electrochemical redox reactions in the LC mixture allow for the device to change its reflection color in response to electrical stimuli. The LC mixture was introduced, by a capillary action, into a sandwich-type ITO glass cell comprising two glass slides with patterned indium tin oxide (ITO) electrodes, one of which was coated with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-co-poly(ethylene glycol) doped with perchlorate (PEDOT+). Upon application of +1.5 V, the reflection color of the device changed from blue (467 nm) to green (485 nm) in 0.4 s. Subsequent application of 0 V made the device recover the original blue color in 2.7 s. This device is characterized by its fastest electrical response and lowest operating voltage among any previously reported cholesteric LC device. This device could pave the way for the development of next generation reflective displays with low energy consumption rates.
RNA decoys (2012)

The role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), both short and long ncRNAs, in the regulation of gene expression has become evident in recent years. Non-coding RNA-based regulation is achieved through a variety of mechanisms; some are relatively well-characterized, while others are much less understood. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of endogenous small RNAs, function as master regulators of gene expression in eukaryotic organisms. A notable, recently discovered role for long ncRNAs is that of miRNA decoys, also referred to as target mimics or sponges, in which long ncRNAs carry a short stretch of sequence sharing homology to miRNA-binding sites in endogenous targets. As a consequence, miRNA decoys are able to sequester and inactivate miRNA function. Engineered miRNA decoys are also efficacious and useful tools for studying gene function. We recently demonstrated that the potential of miRNA decoys to inactivate miRNAs in the model plants Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana benthamiana is dependent on the level of sequence complementarity to miRNAs of interest. The flexibility of the miRNA decoy approach in sequence-dependent miRNA inactivation, backbone choice, ability to simultaneously inactivate multiple miRNAs, and more importantly, to achieve a desirable level of miRNA inactivation, makes it a potentially useful tool for crop improvement. This research addendum reports the functional extension of miRNA decoys from model plants to crops. Furthermore, endogenous miRNA decoys, first described in plants, have been proposed to play a significant role in regulating the transcriptome in eukaryotes. Using computational analysis, we have identified numerous endogenous sequences with potential miRNA decoy activity for conserved miRNAs in several plant species. Our data suggest that endogenous miRNA decoys can be widespread in plants and may be a component of the global gene expression regulatory network in plants.
Experimental and Analytical Study on the Operation Characteristics of the AHAT System (2012)

Operational flexibility, such as faster start-up time or faster load change rate, and higher thermal efficiency, have become more and more important for recent thermal power systems. The advanced humid air turbine (AHAT) system has been studied to improve operational flexibility and thermal efficiency of the gas turbine power generation system. Advanced humid air turbine is an original system which substitutes the water atomization cooling (WAC) system for the intercooler system of the HAT cycle. A 3 MW pilot plant, which is composed of a gas turbine, a humidification tower, a recuperator and a water recovery system, was built in 2006 to verify feasibility of the AHAT system.In this paper, ambient temperature effects, part-load characteristics and start-up characteristics of the AHAT system were studied both experimentally and analytically. Also, change in heat transfer characteristics of the recuperator of the 3 MW pilot plant was evaluated from Nov. 2006 to Feb. 2010. Ambient temperature effects and part-load characteristics of the 3 MW pilot plant were compared with heat and material balance calculation results. Then, these characteristics of the AHAT and the combined cycle (CC) systems were compared assuming they were composed of mid-sized industrial gas turbines.The measured cold start-up time of the 3 MW AHAT pilot plant was about 60 min, which was dominated by the heat capacities of the plant equipment. The gas turbine was operated a total of 34 times during this period (Nov. 2006 to Feb. 2010), but no interannual changes were observed in pressure drops, temperature effectiveness, and the overall heat transfer coefficient of the recuperator.
Development of the Hierarchical Domain Decomposition Boundary Element Method for Solving the Three-Dimensional Multiregion Neutron Diffusion Equations (2001)

A hierarchical domain decomposition boundary element method (HDD-BEM) that was developed to solve a two-dimensional neutron diffusion equation has been modified to deal with three-dimensional problems. In the HDD-BEM, the domain is decomposed into homogeneous regions. The boundary conditions on the common inner boundaries between decomposed regions and the neutron multiplication factor are initially assumed. With these assumptions, the neutron diffusion equations defined in decomposed homogeneous regions can be solved respectively by applying the boundary element method. This part corresponds to the “lower level” calculations. At the “higher level” calculations, the assumed values, the inner boundary conditions and the neutron multiplication factor, are modified so as to satisfy the continuity conditions for the neutron flux and the neutron currents on the inner boundaries. These procedures of the lower and higher levels are executed alternately and iteratively until the continuity conditions are satisfied within a convergence tolerance. With the hierarchical domain decomposition, it is possible to deal with problems composing a large number of regions, something that has been difficult with the conventional BEM. In this paper, it is showed that a three-dimensional problem even with 722 regions can be solved with a fine accuracy and an acceptable computation time.
Methods to reconstruct emission and transmission data in 3D PET (2002)

Methods of reconstruction and quantitation are developed for a 3D system and are evaluated on the HEAD PENN-PET scanner, which has a very large axial acceptance angle (/spl plusmn/28/spl deg/ in the center) and large axial field-of-view without septa (25.6 cm). To overcome the difficulties of data storage and reconstruction time with 3D reconstruction, the authors have reduced the size of the 4-D projection matrix required for 3D-RP reconstruction, and compared the results to the Fourier rebinning (FORE) algorithm. Both approaches achieve a favorable tradeoff in data storage requirements, reconstruction time, and accuracy that are suitable for clinical use. The authors have also studied the application of the FORE algorithm to transmission scans acquired with a singles point source (/sup 137/Cs) so that data quantitation can be performed.
Manufacturing Processes in an All-aluminum Airframe (2012)

One often overlooked aspect to building an aircraft is the manufacturing process used to put it into production. This may be a major contributor to acquisition cost and requires a large amount of money to implement. Once all the tooling has been purchased, one of the greatest costs is labor. The experience of building an all-aluminum aircraft shows that the production process is one which may be done in many different ways. Minimizing the assembly time is important for aircraft manufacturers and one of the best ways to do that is on the assembly line itself. Specific practices in the manufacturing process can speed up production, and this paper shows some practical examples of that.
Performance of the Abbott RealTime HIV-1 Viral Load Assay Is Not Impacted by Integrase Inhibitor Resistance-Associated Mutations (2011)

The Abbott RealTime HIV-1 viral load assay uses primers and probes targeted to integrase, which is also the target of integrase inhibitors such as raltegravir. Viral loads of 42 raltegravir-susceptible and 40 raltegravir-resistant specimens were determined using RealTime HIV-1 and Roche Monitor (v1.5). The differences in viral load measurements between assays were comparable in the two groups, demonstrating that the RealTime HIV-1 assay can tolerate raltegravir-selected mutations.