gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
P209 Long-term effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in patients with ulcerative colitis: 5-year cumulative exposure of GEMINI 1 completers rolling into the GEMINI open-label extension study (2017)

Background: Approval of vedolizumab (VDZ) for moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis (UC) was based on the phase 3 GEMINI 1 study. [1] The GEMINI open-label extension (OLE) trial is an ongoing study investigating the long-term safety of VDZ (NCT00790933). Here we report the 5-year exploratory analyses of effectiveness and safety in patients (pts) with UC who had completed GEMINI 1 and were enrolled in GEMINI OLE. Methods: Analyses included pts who responded to VDZ induction at Week (Wk) 6 and had received VDZ maintenance (every 8 or 4 wks; data were combined) to Wk 52 of GEMINI 1, followed by VDZ every 4 wks in GEMINI OLE. Pts with 248 wks of cumulative VDZ treatment (data were collected from 22 May 2009 to 21 May 2015) were assessed for clinical response (decrease in partial Mayo Score [PMS] of ≥2 points and ≥25% change from baseline [BL], with an accompanying decrease in rectal bleeding subscore of ≥1 point from BL or absolute rectal bleeding subscore of ≤1 point), clinical remission (PMS of ≤2 with no individual subscore >1) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL), including IBD Questionnaire (IBDQ) and Euro Quality of Life-5D visual analogue scale (EQ-5D VAS). Safety was also assessed. Results: Of 247 pts in GEMINI 1 who responded to VDZ induction at Wk 6 and received VDZ in maintenance, 154 (62%) completed VDZ maintenance and were enrolled in GEMINI OLE (anti-TNFα-naïve n=107; anti-TNFα failure n=42). At the time of this analysis, 63 pts had completed 248 wks of cumulative VDZ treatment; 54 had discontinued (n=19 [35%] due to lack of continued benefit) and 37 are ongoing (have not yet reached 248 wks of treatment). Of pts with data at Wk 248 (n=63), 98% had clinical response and 90% were in remission (Table). HRQoL improvements were observed at Wk 248, with mean change from BL IBDQ and EQ-5D-VAS scores of 58.7 and 24.0, respectively. In the safety population, 137 pts had adverse (AEs); 17 discontinued due to AEs. Serious AEs were reported in 44 pts (in 7 pts these were drug-related; 8 pts discontinued as a consequence of serious AEs). No deaths were reported. Table 1. Effectiveness outcomes in patients with UC and cumulative VDZ exposure for up to 248 wks Conclusions: In UC patients who were responders at Wk 6 of GEMINI 1 (who continued to respond during the study), long-term VDZ therapy (∼5 years) was associated with clinical benefits including clinical response, clinical remission and HRQoL improvements. The safety profile was consistent with that previously observed in a 3-year interim analysis of the OLE study. References: [1] Feagan BG, Rutgeerts P, Sands BE, et al. (2013), Vedolizumab as Induction and Maintenance Therapy for Ulcerative Colitis, N Engl J Med, 699–710
Repair Integrity and Clinical Outcomes Following Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair (2016)

Objectives: To prospectively evaluate the effect of early versus delayed motion on repair integrity on 6-month postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans following rotator cuff repair, and to correlate repair integrity with clinical and functional outcomes. We hypothesized that repair integrity would differ between the early and delayed groups and that patients with repair failures would have worse clinical and functional outcomes. Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, single blinded clinical trial comparing an early motion (post-op day 2-3) to a delayed motion (post-op day 28) rehabilitation protocol following arthroscopic repair of isolated supraspinatus tears. All patients underwent MRI at 6 months post-operatively as part of the study protocol. A blinded board-certified and fellowship-trained orthopaedic surgeon (not part of the surgical team) reviewed operative photos and video to confirm the presence of a full thickness supraspinatus tear and to ensure an adequate and consistent repair. The same surgeon along with a blinded sports medicine fellowship-trained musculoskeletal radiologist independently reviewed all MRIs to determine whether the repair was intact at 6 months. Outcome measures were collected by independent evaluators who were also blinded to group assignment. These included the Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index, Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) ratings, pain scores, sling use, and physical exam data. Enrolled patients were followed at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year. Results: From October 2008 to April 2012, 73 patients met all inclusion criteria and were willing to participate. 36 patients were randomized to delayed motion and 37 were randomized to early motion. The final study group at 6 months consisted of 58 study participants. Postoperative MRIs were obtained on all of these patients at 6 months regardless of whether or not they were progressing as expected. These MRIs demonstrated an overall failure rate of 29%. This did not differ significantly based on early or late motion, with 9 (26%) tears occurring in the delayed motion group compared to 10 (32%) in the early motion group (p=0.70). When patients with repair failures were compared to those with intact cuffs, no significant differences were detected in range of motion, strength, or WORC, SANE, or pain scores at 6 months or 1 year. Interestingly, however, at 6 weeks, both WORC and SANE scores were significantly better in patients who were later found to have repair failures on MRI (p&lt;0.05). When evaluated irrespective of rehabilitation protocol, non-compliance with sling use was associated with higher failures rates (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: Repair failure rates do not significantly differ between patients randomized to early and delayed motion protocols following arthroscopic single tendon rotator cuff repair. Repair failure on MRI does not correlate with clinical outcome at 6 months or 1 year. However, better subjective outcome scores at 6 weeks are associated with higher rates of repair failure at 6 months.
Pitch tuning induced by optical torque in heliconical cholesteric liquid crystals (2019)

In this paper authors report the first demonstration of optical tuning of the structural colors of a cholesteric liquid crystal. This is possible thanks to the peculiar structure of heliconical cholesteric LCs in which an optical field can act on bend deformation and not only on twist. The wavelength of the reflected light can be tuned from green to infrared by changing the power of the incident light. The optical control of the helical pitch in heliconical cholesterics and the optical tuning of their structural colors, are treated as natural extensions of the existing theory already used to model the effect of a low frequency electric field.
Structured exception handling (1975)

In this paper, we define what exception conditions are, discuss the requirements exception handling language features must satisfy, survey and analyze existing approaches to exception handling, and propose some new language features for dealing with exceptions in an orderly and reliable way. Our objective is not solely to put forward a language proposal. It is also to analyze exception handling issues and principles in detail. The proposed language features serve to highlight exception handling issues by showing how deficiencies in current approaches could be remedied in a coherent and orderly way.
Capillary kinetics of thin polymer films in permeable microcavities (2004)

We present a Poiseuille model that can explain the rate of capillary rise of thin polymer films in permeable microcavities. In comparison to the traditional Poiseuille formulation, two features of the system were considered: the permeable nature of the enclosure and the effect of thin polymer films that are confined to the substrate. The model predicts that the rate is inversely proportional to the channel width, contrary to what the original Poiseuille model predicts, and it is proportional to the initial film thickness, which the original model cannot account for. The modified model is in satisfactory agreement with experimental data.
2308 The Behavior of debris in the carotid artery stenosis (2007)

For carotid artery stentint, brain matter must be prevented from ischemic stroke. While dilatation of stenotic segment and delivery of stent, the distal part of the internal carotid artery is occluded for this prevention. However, external carotid artery has possible collateral flow to the brain circulation. In this paper, flow around the carotid bifurcation was simulated to show blood stream through the stenotic segment of the internal carotid artery to the external carotid. Alternative protection should be considered if collateral flow via external carotid artery is visualized
Heterocyclisation via 1,3-Cyclic Sulfates, Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)-Sedridine (2004)

1,3-Cyclic sulfates (1b-d) participate in heterocyclisation reactions to give pyrrolidines (2b) and piperidines (2c/d). Cyclic sulfate activation, when coupled to the enantio- and diastereoselective generation of 1,3-diols, provides a synthesis of (+)-sedridine (9).
Cardiac vanilloid receptor-1 afferent depletion enhances stellate ganglion neuronal activity and efferent sympathetic response to cardiac stress (2018)

Afferent fibers expressing the vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) channel have been implicated in cardiac nociception; however, their role in modulating reflex responses to cardiac stress is not well understood. We evaluated this role in Yorkshire pigs by percutaneous epicardial application of resiniferatoxin (RTX), a toxic activator of the VR1 channel, resulting in the depletion of cardiac VR1-expressing afferents. Hemodynamics, epicardial activation recovery intervals, and in vivo activity of stellate ganglion neurons (SGNs) were recorded in control and RTX-treated animals. Stressors included inferior vena cava or aortic occlusion and rapid right ventricular pacing (RVP) to induce dyssynchrony and ischemia. In the epicardium, stellate ganglia, and dorsal root ganglia, immunostaining for the VR1 channel, calcitonin gene-related peptide, and substance P was significantly diminished by RTX. RTX-treated animals exhibited higher basal systolic blood pressures and contractility than control animals. Reflex responses to epicardial bradykinin and capsaicin were mitigated by RTX. Cardiovascular reflex function, as assessed by inferior vena cava or aortic occlusion, was similar in RTX-treated versus control animals. RTX-treated animals exhibited resistance to hemodynamic collapse induced by RVP. Activation recovery interval shortening during RVP, a marker of cardiac sympathetic outflow, was greater in RTX-treated animals and exhibited significant delay in returning to baseline values after cessation of RVP. The basal firing rate of SGNs and firing rates in response to RVP were also greater in RTX-treated animals, as was the SGN network activity in response to cardiac stressors. These data suggest that elimination of cardiac nociceptive afferents reorganizes the central-peripheral nervous system interaction to enhance cardiac sympathetic outflow. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our work demonstrates a role for cardiac vanilloid receptor-1-expressing afferents in reflex processing of cardiovascular stress. Current understanding suggests that elimination of vanilloid receptor-1 afferents would decrease reflex cardiac sympathetic outflow. We found, paradoxically, that sympathetic outflow to the heart is instead enhanced at baseline and during cardiac stress.
Neuron-specific spinal cord translatomes reveal a neuropeptide code for mouse dorsal horn excitatory neurons (2021)

The spinal dorsal horn harbors a sophisticated and heterogeneous network of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that process peripheral signals encoding different sensory modalities. Although it has long been recognized that this network is crucial both for the separation and the integration of sensory signals of different modalities, a systematic unbiased approach to the use of specific neuromodulatory systems is still missing. Here, we have used the translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) technique to map the translatomes of excitatory glutamatergic (vGluT2<sup>+</sup>) and inhibitory GABA and/or glycinergic (vGAT<sup>+</sup> or Gad67<sup>+</sup>) neurons of the mouse spinal cord. Our analyses demonstrate that inhibitory and excitatory neurons are not only set apart, as expected, by the expression of genes related to the production, release or re-uptake of their principal neurotransmitters and by genes encoding for transcription factors, but also by a differential engagement of neuromodulator, especially neuropeptide, signaling pathways. Subsequent multiplex in situ hybridization revealed eleven neuropeptide genes that are strongly enriched in excitatory dorsal horn neurons and display largely non-overlapping expression patterns closely adhering to the laminar and presumably also functional organization of the spinal cord grey matter.
Role of acoustic cavitation in the delivery and monitoring of cancer treatment by high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) (2007)

Acoustic cavitation has been shown to play a key role in a wide array of novel therapeutic ultrasound applications. This paper presents a brief discussion of the physics of thermally relevant acoustic cavitation in the context of high-intensity focussed ultrasound (HIFU). Models for how different types of cavitation activity can serve to accelerate tissue heating are presented, and results suggest that the bulk of the enhanced heating effect can be attributed to the absorption of broadband acoustic emissions generated by inertial cavitation. Such emissions can be readily monitored using a passive cavitation detection (PCD) scheme and could provide a means for real-time treatment monitoring. It is also shown that the appearance of hyperechoic regions (or bright-ups) on B-mode ultrasound images constitutes neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition for inertial cavitation activity to have occurred during HIFU exposure. Once instigated at relatively large HIFU excitation amplitudes, bubble activity tends to grow unstable and to migrate toward the source transducer, causing potentially undesirable pre-focal damage. Potential means of controlling inertial cavitation activity using pulsed excitation so as to confine it to the focal region are presented, with the intention of harnessing cavitation-enhanced heating for optimal HIFU treatment delivery. The role of temperature elevation in mitigating bubble-enhanced heating effects is also discussed, along with other bubble-field effects such as multiple scattering and shielding.
<title>Route diversity in fiber networks using optical switching</title> (1992)

Due to the increasing infromation capacity of optical fibernetworks the need for immediate restoration has become a necessity. The fiber cut or `back-hoe fade' is now a significant factor to network design and implementation. In this paper details of network restoration techniques relying on diverse fiber routing and intelligent optical switches are given.
End-user software engineering and distributed cognition (2009)

End-user programmers may not be aware of many software engineering practices that would add greater discipline to their efforts, and even if they are aware of them, these practices may seem too costly (in terms of time) to use. Without taking advantage of at least some of these practices, the software these end users create seems likely to continue to be less reliable than it could be. We are working on several ways of lowering both the perceived and actual costs of systematic software engineering practices, and on making their benefits more visible and immediate. Our approach is to leverage the user's cognitive effort through the use of distributed cognition, in which the system and user collaboratively work systematically to reason about the program the end user is creating. This paper demonstrates this concept with a few of our past efforts, and then presents three of our current efforts in this direction.
Frailty in Patients Undergoing Surgery for Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review of the Literature (2022)

Abstract Introduction Emerging literature suggests that frailty may be an important driver of postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing surgery for brain tumors. We systematically reviewed the literature on frailty in brain tumor patients with respect to three questions: What methods of frailty assessment have been applied to brain tumor patients? What thresholds have been defined to distinguish between different levels of frailty? What clinical outcomes does frailty predict in brain tumor patients? Methods A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Scopus, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Included studies were specific to brain tumor patients, used a validated instrument to assess frailty, and measured the impact of frailty upon postoperative outcomes. Results Of 753 citations, 21 studies met our inclusion criteria. Frailty instruments studied, in order of frequency reported, included the 5-factor modified frailty index, 11-factor modified frailty index, Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Groups frailty-defining diagnosis indicator, and Hopkins Frailty Score. Multiple different conventions and thresholds for distinguishing levels of frailty were reported. Clinical outcomes associated with frailty included mortality, survival, complications, length of stay (LOS), charges, costs, discharge disposition, readmissions, and operative time. Conclusions Frailty is an increasingly popular concept in brain tumor patients that is associated with important clinical outcomes. However, the extant literature is largelycomprised of retrospective studies with heterogeneous definitions of frailty, thresholds for defining levels of frailty, and patient populations. Further work is needed to understand best practices in assessing frailty inbrain tumor patients and applying these concepts to clinical practice.
Endocardial endothelium is a key determinant of force-frequency relationship in rat ventricular myocardium (2013)

We tested the hypothesis that removing endocardial endothelium (EE) negatively impacts the force-frequency relationship (FFR) of ventricular myocardium and dissected the signaling that underlies this phenomenon. EE of rat trabeculae was selectively damaged by brief (<1 s) exposure to 0.1% Triton X-100. Force, intracellular Ca(2+) transient (iCa(2+)), and activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) were determined. In control muscles, force and iCa(2+) increased as the stimulation frequency increased in steps of 0.5 Hz up to 3.0 Hz. However, EE-denuded (EED) muscles exhibited a markedly blunted FFR. Neither isoproterenol (ISO; 0.1-5 nmol/l) nor endothelin-1 (ET-1; 10-100 nmol/l) alone restored the slope of FFR in EED muscles. Intriguingly, however, a positive FFR was restored in EED preparations by combining low concentrations of ISO (0.1 nmol/l) and ET-1 (20 nmol/l). In intact muscles, PKA and PKC activity increased proportionally with the increase in frequency. This effect was completely lost in EED muscles. Again, combining ISO and ET-1 fully restored the frequency-dependent rise in PKA and PKC activity in EED muscles. In conclusion, selective damage of EE leads to significantly blunted FFR. A combination of low concentrations of ISO and ET-1 successfully restores FFR in EED muscles. The interdependence of ISO and ET-1 in this process indicates cross-talk between the β1-PKA and ET-1-PKC pathways for a normal (positive) FFR. The results also imply that dysfunction of EE and/or EE-myocyte coupling may contribute to flat (or even negative) FFR in heart failure.
Advanced experimental and simulation techniques for analysis of dynamic responses during drop impact (2004)

Board level solder joint reliability performance during drop test is a critical concern to semiconductor and electronic product manufacturers. A new JEDEC standard for board level drop test of handheld electronic products was just released to specify the drop test procedure and conditions. However, there is no detailed information stated on dynamic responses of printed circuit board (PCB) and solder joints which are closely related to stress and strain of solder joints that affect the solder joint reliability, nor there is any simulation technique which provides good correlation with experimental measurements of dynamic responses of PCB and the resulting solder joint reliability during the entire drop impact process. In this paper, comprehensive dynamic responses of PCB and solder joints, e.g., acceleration, strains, and resistance, are measured and analyzed with a multichannel real-time electrical monitoring system, and simulated with a novel input acceleration (Input-G) method. The solder joint failure process, i.e. crack initiation, propagation, and opening, is well understood from the behavior of dynamic resistance. It is found experimentally and numerically that the mechanical shock causes multiple PCB bending or vibration which induces the solder joint fatigue failure. It is proven that the peeling stress of the critical solder joint is the dominant failure indicator by simulation, which correlates well with the observations and assumptions by experiment. Coincidence of cyclic change among dynamic resistance of solder joints dynamic strains of PCB, and the peeling stress of the critical solder joints indicates that the solder joint crack opens and closes when PCB bends down and up, and the critical solder joint failure is induced by cyclic peeling stress. The failure mode and location of critical solder balls predicted by modeling correlate well with experimental observation by cross-section and dye penetration test.
Modeling of Turbulent Premixed CH4/H2/Air Flames Including the Influence of Stretch and Heat Losses (2021)

Abstract This paper presents a Reynolds averaged Navier Stokes turbulent combustion model for CH4/H2/air mixtures which includes the effect of heat losses and flame stretch. This approach extends a previous model concept designed for methane/air mixtures and improves the prediction of flame stabilization when hydrogen is added to the fuel. Heat loss and stretch effects are modeled by tabulating the consumption speed of laminar counterflow flames in a fresh-to-burnt configuration with detailed chemistry at various heat loss and flame stretch values. These computed values are then introduced in the turbulent combustion model by means of a turbulent flame speed expression which is derived as a function of flame stretch, heat loss, and H2 addition. The model proposed in this paper is compared to existing models on experimental data of spherical expanding turbulent flame speeds. The performance of the model is further validated by comparing computational fluid dynamics predictions to experimental data of an atmospheric turbulent premixed bluff-body-stabilized flame fed with CH4/H2/air mixtures ranging from pure methane to pure hydrogen.
Tunable bandpass-bandstop filter cascade for VHF applications (2016)

A lumped-element bandpass-bandstop filter cascade with the capability of independently allocating its poles and zeros is demonstrated with commercially available components. The filter cascade consists of 14 tunable resonators to form advanced filtering functions. Eight resonators implement a reconfigurable fourth-order band-pass filter with tunable resonant-couplings, while the remaining six are used to form three second-order absorptive band-stop filters to create deep isolation levels. The filter cascade can be continuously tuned from 100 to 255MHz with high isolation (70dB at 5% away from the pass-band edge). Resonant coupling structures act as intrinsic switches to achieve reconfigurable signal routing. Therefore, switchless multi-band filter bank operation is also achieved.