gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ewald method for 3D periodic dyadic Green's functions and complex modes in composite materials made of spherical particles under the dual dipole approximation (2012)

We derive the Ewald representation for the dyadic periodic Green's functions to represent the electromagnetic field in a three dimensional (3D) periodic array of electric and magnetic dipoles. Then we use the developed theory to analyze the modes with real and complex wave number in a 3D periodic lattice of lead telluride (PbTe) microspheres at infrared frequencies and in a 3D periodic lattice of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) microspheres at millimeter waves. Each microsphere is equivalently modeled with both an electric and a magnetic dipole, via a method here called the dual dipole approximation (DDA). The 3D lattices exhibit first a magnetic‐induced then an electric‐induced feature determined by microsphere magnetic and electric resonances. The DDA wave number results are compared to the ones computed with single electric or single magnetic dipole approximation and to the ones retrieved by using the Nicolson‐Ross‐Weir (NRW) retrieval method from reflection and transmission of finite thickness slabs computed by a full‐wave simulation. It is shown that the DDA method is in very good agreement with NRW, in contrast to the previously reported single dipole approximation methods that fail to predict one of the two features (either electric or magnetic). A mode with transverse polarization is found to be dominant and able to propagate inside the lattice, and therefore the composite material can be treated as a homogeneous one with effective refractive index. This is obtained by adopting five different retrieval procedures for each lattice, and their agreement or disagreement is discussed.
Homogeneous free-radical polymerizations in carbon dioxide. 3. Telomerization of 1,1-difluoroethylene in supercritical carbon dioxide (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHomogeneous free-radical polymerizations in carbon dioxide. 3. Telomerization of 1,1-difluoroethylene in supercritical carbon dioxideJ. R. Combes, Z. Guan, and J. M. DeSimoneCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 3, 865–867Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00081a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00081a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views218Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gsα overexpression and loss of Gsα imprinting in human somatotroph adenomas: Association with tumor size and response to pharmacologic treatment (2007)

Abstract Gsα, the α‐subunit of the heterotrimeric GTP‐binding protein, is coded from the GNAS gene, which is imprinted in a tissue‐specific manner. Gsα is paternally silenced in normal pituitary, but Gsα imprinting relaxation is found in some tumoral tissue. In addition, Gsα mRNA levels are high in some somatotroph adenomas not bearing the active Gsα mutant, the gsp oncogene. In this study, the impact of loss of imprinting on Gsα expression level and on tumoral phenotype has been investigated. We compared the expression and imprinting of 4 transcripts of GNAS locus (NESP55, XLαs, exon 1A, Gsα) of 60 somatotroph adenomas with those of 23 lactotroph adenomas. The paternal and maternal transcripts were quantified using allele‐specific real‐time PCR and FokI polymorphism. Moreover, the methylation of exon 1A DMR was analyzed. As is the case for the gsp oncogene, high Gsα expression in gsp ‐ tumors was associated with smaller tumor size and better octreotide sensitivity. A strong imprinting relaxation (percentage of paternal Gsα expression ≥7.5%) was found only in gsp ‐ tumors. The loss of Gsα imprinting was associated with a decrease in exon 1A mRNA expression. Unexpectedly, the methylation status of exon 1A DMR was not modified in relaxed tumors. Maternal Gsα mRNA level decreased with exon 1A level, and consequently the loss of Gsα imprinting did not induce the expected Gsα overexpression. Finally, XLαs mRNA level correlated with that of paternal Gsα and of NESP55 showing the complexity of gene regulation in the GNAS locus. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical Relevance of Petit's Triangle: A Forgotten Landmark. (2018)

This rare case details a right-sided hydronephrotic kidney herniated through Petit's triangle. Petit's triangle is an anatomical landmark that is usually not clinically significant and only alluded to during multiple-choice examinations. This case describes the clinical ramification of this area of weakness and allows us to revisit and relearn the anatomy, and its relevance in clinical practice.
Measurement of unpolarized semi-inclusive pi+ electroproduction off the proton (2018)

Semi-inclusive pi+ electroproduction on protons has been measured with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. The measurement was performed on a liquid-hydrogen target using a 5.75 GeV electron beam. The complete five-fold differential cross sections were measured over a wide kinematic range in Q2, x, z, and pT and over the complete range of azimuthal angles, phi, enabling us to separate the different structure functions, H2+eps*H1, H3 and H4. Our measurements of H2 at low-x were found to be in fairly good agreement with pQCD calculations, suggesting a precocious factorization of the process. Indeed, the conventional f(x)*D(z) term can account for almost all of the observed cross section, even at small z. The measured xF-distributions are in qualitative agreement with high energy data, which suggests a surprising numerical similarity between the spectator diquark fragmentation in the present reaction and the anti-quark fragmentation measured in e+e- collisions. We have observed that the p
2,5-Di-O-acetyl-3-C-methyl-D-lyxono-1,4-lactone (2006)

The structures of both lactones derived from the Kiliani ascension of 2-C-methyl-d-threose were defined by the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H14O7. The structure consists of hydrogen-bonded ribbons of mol­ecules.
Effect of Temperature on the Enzymatic Polymerization of 4‐Propylphenol: An In Situ 1H‐NMR Study (2003)

Abstract The effect of temperature on the concentration of the major reactive species as a function of H2O2 addition in the enzymatic polymerization of 4‐propylphenol was investigated using in situ 1H‐NMR spectroscopy. We have studied the trend of monomer depletion and the formation of predominant dimers with an incremental addition of H2O2 at different temperatures. The trends for depletion of monomer are very similar while the trends for the dimers display dramatic differences at the investigated temperatures. The dynamic equilibrium stage of dimers was observed only in the case of low reaction temperature. The comparison of the in situ spectra recorded at different reaction temperatures suggests that less undesired side reactions occurred at low temperature.
Abiraterone +/- cabazitaxel in defining complete response in prostatectomy (ACDC-RP) trial. (2017)

TPS5095 Background: Given recent advances in the management of de novo metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer with both docetaxel and abiraterone, as well as evidence of significant activity of cabazitaxel in the post-abiraterone castrate-resistant setting, we hypothesized that the addition of cabazitaxel to neoadjuvant abiraterone will improve pathological complete response rates by overcoming mechanisms of resistance in localized high-risk prostate cancer. Aim: To determine the relative efficacy of the addition of cabazitaxel to abiraterone in the neoadjuvant treatment of prostate cancer to achieve a complete response. Methods: Open label, randomized, 2-arm multi-centre, phase 2 clinical trial. Primary endpoint: Pathological complete response rate (pCR). Secondary endpoints: surgical outcomes (positive margins, extracapsular extension, seminal vesicle or nodal involvement), pharmacodynamic markers in residual tumour (apoptosis, androgen receptor expression, localization, and signaling), biomarkers (intra-prostatic androgen levels), and safety. Design: Study participants will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio to receive either: Arm A: Abiraterone (1000 mg/day), prednisone (5 mg b.i.d.), leuprolide (22.5 mg s.c. every 3 months), and cabazitaxel (25 mg/m 2 starting at week 2, with 6 mg pegfilgrastim 24 h following cabazitaxel) or Arm B: Abiraterone (1000 mg/day), prednisone (5 mg b.i.d.) and leuprolide (22.5 mg s.c. every 3 months). Assessments will take place biweekly for the first 12 weeks, then monthly until the prostatectomy (scheduled for 24 weeks following start of treatment). Target accrual is 88 participants within 36 months. Study is powered to detect a 15% difference with 85% power, assuming a one-sided type 1 error rate of 20%. A 6 patient safety run-in is included. As of Jan 2017, 1 site is open in Canada, with 4 additional Canadian sites and 1 site in Australia pending. To date, 4 participants are randomized and undergoing treatment. ACDC-RP is an investigator-initiated trial led by the Princess Margaret Urology Trials Group with funding from Ontario Institute for Cancer Research (OICR) and in-kind contributions from Janssen and Sanofi. Clinical trial information: NCT02543255.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Hydrogenation Using Monodentate Phosphoramidite Ligands (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Correction: Corrigendum: Synthesis and Characterization of an Alumina Forming Nanolaminated Boride: MoAlB (2016)

Scientific Reports 6: Article number: 26475; published online: 25 May 2016; updated: 19 August 2016. In this Article, the authors ran an XRD experiment on the oxidised samples indicating that the alumina layers formed at temperatures as high as 1300 °C were mostly amorphous and an alumina signal wasnot detected, as shown in Figure 7b.
Polyanhydrides with hydrophobic terminals (2002)

Abstract Polyanhydrides prepared from hydrophobic diacids such as sebacic acid (SA) are brittle and unstable in storage and degrade with time. The physical properties of these polyanhydrides have been improved by introducing hydrophobic terminals into the main chain which has provided better stability and controlled the molecular weight. The effects of molecular weight, pliability, biodegradation and drug release on polymer were investigated. Poly(sebacic anhydride) (PSA) was terminated with the unsaturated fatty acids, ricinoleic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and the cholesterol derivative, lithocholic acid, and prepared in the weight ratio of 70:30. Polymers thus obtained had a predictable molecular weight of 3–8 × 10 3 and an M p of 60–76 °C and degraded at the rate of 3.3–7.6 mg/cm 2 /day. The rate of degradation was dependent on the contents of the hydrophobic terminals. These polyanhydrides were found to be useful for the release of hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs for 2–3 weeks in vitro . Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of the Apoptotic Response of Human Myeloid Leukemia Cells to a Diphtheria Toxin Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Fusion Protein (1997)

It has previously been shown that human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) can be fused to a truncated diphtheria toxin (DT) to produce a recombinant fusion toxin that kills GM-CSF receptor-bearing cells. We now report that DT388-GM-CSF induces apoptosis and inhibition of colony formation in semisolid medium in receptor positive cells, and that the induction of apoptosis correlates with GM-CSF-receptor occupancy at low ligand concentrations. Also, the induction of apoptosis correlates with the inhibition of protein synthesis and is inversely related to the amount of intracellular antiapoptotic proteins (Bcl2 and Bc1XL). Nine myeloid leukemia cells lines and four nonmyeloid leukemia cell lines were incubated with 0.7 nmol/L of 125I-GM-CSF in the presence or absence of excess cold GM-CSF and bound label measured. High affinity receptor numbers varied from 0 to 291 molecules per cell. Cells were incubated with varying concentrations of recombinant fusion toxin for 48 hours and incorporation of 3H-leucine (protein synthesis), segmentation of nuclei after DAPI staining (apoptosis), and colony formation in 0.2% agarose (clonogenicity) were measured. DT388-GM-CSF at 4 x 10(-9) mol/L inhibited colony formation 1.5 to 3.0 logs for receptor positive cell lines. Protein synthesis and apoptosis IC50s varied among cell lines from greater than 4 x 10(-9) mol/L to 3 x 10(-13) mol/L. GM-CSF-receptor occupancy at 0.7 nmol/L GM-CSF-ligand concentration correlated with the protein synthesis IC50. Similarly, the protein synthesis inhibition and apoptosis induction correlated well, except in cells overexpressing Bcl2 and BclXL, in which 25- to 150-fold inhibition of apoptosis was observed. We conclude that DT388-GM-CSF can kill acute myeloid leukemia blasts but that apoptotic sensitivities will depend on the presence of at least 100 high affinity GM-CSF receptors/cell and the absence of overexpressed antiapoptotic proteins.
09211 Executive Summary – Visualization and Monitoring of Network Traffic (2009)

The seamless operation of the Internet requires being able to monitor and visualize the actual behaviour of the network. Today, IP network operators usually collect network flow statistics from critical points of their network infrastructure. Flows aggregate packets that share common properties. Flow records are stored and analyzed to extract accounting information and increasingly to identify and isolate network problems or security incidents. While network problems or attacks significantly changing traffic patterns are relatively easy to identify, it tends to be much more challenging to identify creeping changes or attacks and faults that manifest themselves only by very careful analysis of initially seemingly unrelated traffic pattern and their changes. There are currently no deployable good solutions and research in this area is just starting. In addition, the large volume of flow data on high capacity networks and exchange points requires to move to probabilistic sampling techniques, which require new analysis techniques to calculate and also visualize the uncertainty attached to data sets.
Two-photon absorption studies of polymethine, squaraine and tetraon dyes (2006)

We compare two-photon absorption spectra of polymethine, squaraine and tetraon dyes experimentally. Both squaraine and tetraon dyes display peak two-photon cross-sections considerably larger (&gt;8×103GM) than polymethine.
Electronic Absorption Edge of Crude Oils and Asphaltenes Analyzed by Molecular Orbital Calculations with Optical Spectroscopy (2007)

Previous molecular orbital calculations have shown that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with 4−10 fused rings account for the center electronic band positions for bulk asphaltenes. Here, this work is extended to cover low-energy electronic transitions of crude oils and asphaltenes. The primary determinants in optical absorption band location are shown to be the size and geometry of PAHs. Large PAHs are shown to exhibit optical properties exhibited by asphaltenes and crude oils. Furthermore, these results are consistent with the observed Urbach spectral profiles. The rapidly declining electronic absorption at wavelengths exceeding 600 nm is shown to be consistent with the presence of a few large ring systems. Measurements of concentration and temperature independence of crude oil and asphaltene optical spectra imply that potential contributions to their coloration from charge-transfer and potential free radicals are not significant. Nevertheless, the very small electronic absorbances for very low energy are found to fall outside of the absorption profile of large hydrocarbon PAHs. Future work is indicated to account for addressing these very low absorbances for asphaltenes.
Dynamic manipulation with a one joint robot (2002)

We are interested in using low degree-of-freedom robots to perform complex manipulation task without grasping. The robot can use rolling, slipping, and free flight to control more degrees-of-freedom of the part. To demonstrate this we study the controllability properties of planar dynamic nonprehensile manipulation. We show that almost any planar object is small-time locally controllable by point contact, and the controlling robot requires only two degrees-of-freedom (a point translating in the plane). We then focus on a one joint manipulator (with a two-dimensional state space) and show that even this simplest of robots, by using slipping and rolling, can control an object to a full-dimensional subset of its six-dimensional state space. We have developed a one joint robot to perform a variety of dynamic tasks, including snatching an object from a table, rolling an object on the surface of the arm, and throwing and catching.
Solid-Liquid Phase Transfer Catalyzed Novel Glycosylation Reaction of Phenols (1999)

Abstract A facile and mild glycosylation reaction in solid-liquid two-phase system (powdered K2CO3/CHCl3) containing phase transfer catalyst was found to be efficient for preparation of glucosides of 2′, 6′-dihydroxyacetophenone (1) and other various substituted phenols.
THE EFFICIENT AERODYNAMIC DESIGN OPTIMIZATION WITH UNCERTAINTIES (2005)

For the reliability based aerodynamic shape design optimization, many computing efforts are required and it is almost impossible to perform with the general direct optimization methods. To overcome this computational limitation, the two-point approximation method(TPA) is adapted that uses the function values and the sensitivities already known from the optimization procedure and can consider the reliability without additional calculations. The conventional TPAs show good approximations for many cases but sometimes give inaccurate or unstable. To improve on these shortcomings, the bi-directional two-point approximation method(BTPA) is proposed. Through the combination of BTPA and the adjoint sensitivity analysis, an aircraft wing shape design optimization in 3-dimensional viscous flows is performed.
Chip-Based Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Using Tantalum Pentoxide Waveguides (2019)

Blood analysis is an important diagnostic tool, as it provides a wealth of information about the patient's health. Raman spectroscopy is a promising tool for blood analysis, but widespread clinical application is limited by its low signal strength, as well as complex and costly instrumentation. The growing field of waveguide-based Raman spectroscopy tries to solve these challenges by working toward fully integrated Raman sensors with increased interaction areas. In this letter, we demonstrate resonance Raman measurements of hemoglobin, a crucial component of blood, at 532-nm excitation using a tantalum pentoxide (Ta₂O₅) waveguide platform. We have also characterized the background signal from Ta₂O5 waveguide material when excited at 532 nm. In addition, we demonstrate spontaneous Raman measurements of isopropanol and methanol using the same platform. Our results suggest that Ta₂O₅ is a promising waveguide platform for resonance Raman spectroscopy at 532 nm and, in particular, for blood analysis.
Identical genotypes in siblings with different homocystinuric phenotypes: identification of three mutations in cystathionine β-synthase using an improved bacterial expression system (1994)

We determined the molecular basis of cystathionine beta-synthase (CBS) deficiency in three siblings with pyridoxine responsive homocystinuria using a significantly improved mutation screening method in bacteria. The phenotypic expression of the siblings differed even though their CBS genotypes were identical. The paternal allele contained a linked pair of mutations, C233G and G306C, corresponding to P78R and K102N in the polypeptide chain. Together, these inactivated the enzyme; however, expressed separately, they reduced activity by about one half. The single maternal mutation G715A (E239K) effectively abolished CBS activity. Subunits of CBS were absent from patient fibroblast extracts; however, E. coli, transformed with plasmids containing patient CBS cDNA, expressed the subunits, although in reduced amounts. The mother, an obligate heterozygote, was free from all signs of homocystinuria; nonetheless, extracts of her fibroblasts were devoid of CBS protein and activity. We conclude that fibroblast levels of CBS are only partially effective as prognosticators of disease severity and that it is important to test the in vivo response to vitamin B6 in all cases of homocystinuria, including those in which the mutations lead to the absence of the enzyme in cultured fibroblasts.
Systemic IFN-β gene therapy results in long-term survival in mice with established colorectal liver metastases (2001)

Most patients succumbing to colorectal cancer fail with liver-predominant metastases. To make a clinical impact in this disease, a systemic or whole-liver therapy may be required, whereas most cancer gene therapy approaches are limited in their ability to treat beyond local disease. As a preclinical model for cancer gene therapy, recombinant adenovirus containing the human IFN- (hIFN-) cDNA was delivered systemically in nude mouse xenograft models of human colorectal cancer liver metastases. The vector targeted hepatocytes that produced high levels of hIFN- in the liver, resulting in a profound apoptotic response in the tumors and significant tumor regression. hIFN- gene therapy not only resulted in improved survival and long-term cure in a micrometastatic model, but provided similar benefits in a clinically relevant gross disease model. A similar recombinant adenovirus containing the murine IFN- (mIFN-) cDNA also resulted in a therapeutic response and improved survival in syngeneic mouse models of colorectal cancer liver metastases. Depletion studies demonstrate a contribution of natural killer cells to this therapeutic response. The toxicity of an adenoviral vector expressing murine IFN- in a syngeneic model is also presented. These encouraging results warrant further investigation of the use of cancer gene therapy for targeting metastatic disease.