gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bone health maintenance: Innovative nutritional strategy by polyphenols (2014)

Sponsor(s):Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res<br/>Sponsor(s):Soc Med Plant & Nat Prod Res
Therapeutic Strategies to Inhibit MYC (2014)

MYC is a master regulator of stem cell state, embryogenesis, tissue homeostasis, and aging. As in health, in disease MYC figures prominently. Decades of biological research have identified a central role for MYC in the pathophysiology of cancer, inflammation, and heart disease. The centrality of MYC to such a vast breadth of disease biology has attracted significant attention to the historic challenge of developing inhibitors of MYC. This review will discuss therapeutic strategies toward the development of inhibitors of MYC-dependent transcriptional signaling, efforts to modulate MYC stability, and the elusive goal of developing potent, direct-acting inhibitors of MYC.
Locked twist in multiwalled carbon-nanotube ribbons (2001)

Twisted multiwalled carbon-nanotube (MWCNT) ribbons were observed with transmission electron microscopy. Particularly one cantilevered MWCNT ribbon had a twist present in the freestanding segment. An energetics analysis was presented supporting the hypothesis that twists in MWCNT ribbons are stabilized through more favorable atomic registry between neighboring layers in the twisted state.
Control of Flow Limitation in Flexible Tubes (2016)

This paper proposes a new Starling resistor architecture to control flow limitation in flexible tubes by introducing a needle valve to restrict inlet flow. The new architecture is able to separately control the activation pressure and the flow rate: The tube geometry determines the activation pressure and the needle valve determines the flow rate. A series of experiments were performed to quantify the needle valve and the tube geometry's effect on flow limitation. The examined factors include the inner diameter, the length, and the wall thickness. A lumped-parameter model was developed to capture the magnitude and trend of the flow limitation, which was able to satisfactorily predict Starling resistor behavior observed in our experiments.
Relationship of Bradykinin B2 Receptor Gene Polymorphism with Essential Hypertension and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (2004)

The bradykinin B2 receptor shows a protective role in the development of hypertension and renal and cardiovascular complications. It was recently reported that a polymorphism of the bradykinin B2 receptor gene (BDKRB2) is a genetic predisposing factor for hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of a polymorphism (-58 T/C and exon 1 +9/-9) of BDKRB2, and an insertion/deletion polymorphism (I/D) of the angiotensin converting enzyme gene (ACE) with essential hypertension and cardiovascular mortality in the Japanese population. Genotyping was carried out in 275 hypertensive and 441 normotensive subjects. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was detected by ECG in 242 untreated patients with hypertension. All participants were Japanese and gave their written informed consent. The polymorphism (-58 T/C) in the promoter region of the BDKRB2 was determined using the TaqMan-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method, the exon 1 +9/-9 polymorphism of the BDKRB2 and I/D polymorphism of the ACE were monitored by PCR and gel electrophoresis. The genotypes and allelic frequencies were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphism (-58 T/C) in the promoter of the BDKRB2 was associated with LVH in the hypertensive group (n =242) (p =0.048; chi2 =3.9; odds ratio: 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.0-3.3). Furthermore, the frequency of LVH in hypertensives was significantly higher in the subjects with both the BDKRB2 CC and ACE D allele than those with other genotypes (p =0.002, chi2 =9.4). However, no relationship could be found between polymorphism of the BDKRB2 (p =0.86, chi2 =0.3) or the ACE (p =0.21, chi2 =3.1) and hypertension in this group of subjects. These results suggest that the polymorphism (-58 T/C) in the promoter region of BDKRB might be a risk factor and might have a synergetic effect with the ACE for LVH in hypertensives, but it is not associated with hypertension in the Japanese population.
Preparation of porous hydrophilic monoliths: Effect of the polymerization conditions on the porous properties of poly (acrylamide-co-N,N?-methylenebisacrylamide) monolithic rods (1997)

Molded macroporous monoliths with pores sizes up to 1000 nm have been prepared by copolymerization of the hydrophilic monomers, acrylamide, and N,N′-methylenebisacrylamide, in the presence of a porogenic diluent. A combination of dimethylsulfoxide and 2-heptanol was selected from a broad spectrum of solvents and water soluble polymers to achieve the optimum composition of the porogenic mixture. In addition to the composition of the porogen the porous properties of the monolithic rods can also be optimized through changes in the percentage of both N,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide (crosslinking monomer) and azobisisobutyronitrile (free radical initiator) used for the polymerization. The hydrophilic monoliths may be used in the separation of biological polymers, solid-phase extraction, or for immobilization of proteins. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 1013–1021, 1997
Data from AXL Is a Logical Molecular Target in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) represents the eighth most common malignancy worldwide. Standard-of-care treatments for patients with HNSCC include surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. In addition, the anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody cetuximab is often used in combination with these treatment modalities. Despite clinical success with these therapeutics, HNSCC remains a difficult malignancy to treat. Thus, identification of new molecular targets is critical.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; In the current study, the receptor tyrosine kinase AXL was investigated as a molecular target in HNSCC using established cell lines, HNSCC patient-derived xenografts (PDX), and human tumors. HNSCC dependency on AXL was evaluated with both anti-AXL siRNAs and the small-molecule AXL inhibitor R428. Furthermore, AXL inhibition was evaluated with standard-of-care treatment regimens used in HNSCC.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; AXL was found to be highly overexpressed in several models of HNSCC, where AXL was significantly associated with higher pathologic grade, presence of distant metastases, and shorter relapse-free survival in patients with HNSCC. Further investigations indicated that HNSCC cells were reliant on AXL for cellular proliferation, migration, and invasion. In addition, targeting AXL increased HNSCC cell line sensitivity to chemotherapy, cetuximab, and radiation. Moreover, radiation-resistant HNSCC cell line xenografts and PDXs expressed elevated levels of both total and activated AXL, indicating a role for AXL in radiation resistance.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; This study provides evidence for the role of AXL in HNSCC pathogenesis and supports further preclinical and clinical evaluation of anti-AXL therapeutics for the treatment of patients with HNSCC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(11); 2601–12. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Modulation of Insulin Signaling via Resistance Exercise (2008)

Resistance exercise in rats has been shown to substantially elevate S6K1 phosphorylation for up to 36 hr post exercise. Genetically increasing the activity of S6K1 can alter insulin sensitivity by inhibition of IRS‐1 expression and function. We hypothesized that lengthening contractions would increase S6K1 phosphorylation and down regulate the expression and function of IRS‐1. Wistar rats underwent unilateral lengthening contractions of the right Tibialis Anterior muscles and were collected at 0 mins, 30 mins, 3 hrs, 18 hrs and 48 hrs. S6K1 389 phosphorylation was elevated by 751 ± 208 %, 3197 ± 1144 %, 10041 ± 2209 % (p &lt; 0.05), at 0 min, 30 min, 3 hr, respectively. IRS‐1 636/639 phosphorylation was significantly increased at 30 mins and 18 hrs by 715 ± 160 % and 170 ± 38 %, respectively. IRS‐1 associated P85 was significantly reduced at 30 min and 3 hrs by 57 ± 7 % and 55 ± 7 %, respectively. Due to the time course of the S6K1 389 and IRS‐1 636/639 phosphorylation we concluded that S6K1 was the most likely kinase mediating the response. To test this further we pretreated female Wistar rats with rapamycin and collected tissues 30 mins post stimulation. We found that rapamycin reduced the increase in IRS‐1 636/639 phosphorylation and partially rescued the reduction in IRS‐1 associated P85. We conclude that increased S6K1 activity after resistance exercise enhances IRS‐1 serine phosphorylation, decreasing IRS‐1 associated P85.
From a structural average to the conformational ensemble of a DNA bulge (2014)

Direct experimental measurements of conformational ensembles are critical for understanding macromolecular function, but traditional biophysical methods do not directly report the solution ensemble of a macromolecule. Small-angle X-ray scattering interferometry has the potential to overcome this limitation by providing the instantaneous distance distribution between pairs of gold-nanocrystal probes conjugated to a macromolecule in solution. Our X-ray interferometry experiments reveal an increasing bend angle of DNA duplexes with bulges of one, three, and five adenosine residues, consistent with previous FRET measurements, and further reveal an increasingly broad conformational ensemble with increasing bulge length. The distance distributions for the AAA bulge duplex (3A-DNA) with six different Au-Au pairs provide strong evidence against a simple elastic model in which fluctuations occur about a single conformational state. Instead, the measured distance distributions suggest a 3A-DNA ensemble with multiple conformational states predominantly across a region of conformational space with bend angles between 24 and 85 degrees and characteristic bend directions and helical twists and displacements. Additional X-ray interferometry experiments revealed perturbations to the ensemble from changes in ionic conditions and the bulge sequence, effects that can be understood in terms of electrostatic and stacking contributions to the ensemble and that demonstrate the sensitivity of X-ray interferometry. Combining X-ray interferometry ensemble data with molecular dynamics simulations gave atomic-level models of representative conformational states and of the molecular interactions that may shape the ensemble, and fluorescence measurements with 2-aminopurine-substituted 3A-DNA provided initial tests of these atomistic models. More generally, X-ray interferometry will provide powerful benchmarks for testing and developing computational methods.
Plasmonic light-sensitive skins of nanocrystal monolayers (2013)

We report plasmonically coupled light-sensitive skins of nanocrystal monolayers that exhibit sensitivity enhancement and spectral range extension with plasmonic nanostructures embedded in their photosensitive nanocrystal platforms. The deposited plasmonic silver nanoparticles of the device increase the optical absorption of a CdTe nanocrystal monolayer incorporated in the device. Controlled separation of these metallic nanoparticles in the vicinity of semiconductor nanocrystals enables optimization of the photovoltage buildup in the proposed nanostructure platform. The enhancement factor was found to depend on the excitation wavelength. We observed broadband sensitivity improvement (across 400-650 nm), with a 2.6-fold enhancement factor around the localized plasmon resonance peak. The simulation results were found to agree well with the experimental data. Such plasmonically enhanced nanocrystal skins hold great promise for large-area UV/visible sensing applications.
Ethnic specific association of the CAV1/CAV2 locus with primary open-angle glaucoma (2016)

A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs4236601 at the CAV1/CAV2 locus is associated with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Rs4236601 is common in Caucasians but rare in East Asians. Here we conducted a haplotype-tagging SNP analysis followed by replication in a total of 848 POAG cases and 1574 controls drawn from 3 cities in China and 1 city in Japan. Two SNPs, rs4236601 (odds ratio [OR] = 6.25; P = 0.0086) and a tagging-SNP rs3801994 (OR = 1.32; P = 0.042), were associated with POAG in the Hong Kong Chinese cohort after age and gender adjustments. Rs4236601 was associated with POAG also in Shantou (OR = 6.09; P = 0.0037) and Beijing (OR = 3.92; P = 0.030) cohorts after age and gender adjustment, with a pooled-OR of 5.26 (P = 9.0 × 10(-6)) in Chinese; but it is non-polymorphic in the Osaka cohort. SNP rs3801994 showed a similar trend of effect in the Shantou and Beijing cohorts, with a pooled-OR of 1.23 (P = 0.022) and 1.20 (P = 0.063) in Chinese, prior to and after age and gender adjustment, respectively; but it showed a reverse effect in the Osaka cohort (OR = 0.58; P = 0.033) after the adjustments. We have thus confirmed the association of rs4236601 with POAG in different Chinese cohorts. Also, we found a common SNP rs3801994 of diverse associations with POAG between Chinese and Japanese.
1 THz-bandwidth optical comb generation using Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator with optical feedback loop (2011)

We demonstrated broadband comb generation using a Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator with an optical feedback loop. A 1 THz-width comb signal was successfully generated by increment of the modulation depth.
Process Development of Halaven®: Synthesis of the C14-C35 Fragment via Iterative Nozaki-Hiyama-Kishi Reaction-Williamson Ether Cyclization (2013)

Multikilogram manufacturing process of the Halaven<sup>®</sup> C14–C35 fragment is described. The synthesis features convergent assembly of subunits by iterative asymmetric Ni/Cr-mediated coupling executed in fixed equipment.
Interference to GPS from UWB Transmitters (2000)

Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology is based on very short pulses of radio energy. In theory, its wide signal bandwidth yields excellent multipath immunity. Hence, UWB has been used in a variety of applications, including communication and ranging, and is expected to see increased use in the future. Since signals from GPS satellites have very low power levels (-130 dBm or -160 dBW) near the surface of the Earth, potential interference from UWB to GPS receivers (and therefore to GPS-based system such as aeronautical safety-critical flight systems) is a serious concern. Stanford University has designed and conducted a series of accuracy tests on an aviation-grade GPS receiver to study the impact of UWB. These tests quantify the impact of UWB signals relative to white noise of equal power. In other words, they determine whether a given UWB signal has more or less effect on accuracy than an equivalent amount of white noise. Here, white noise refers to continuous noise from a noise diode that has a power spectral density much broader than the RF front end of the GPS receiver. This noise is used to model thermal noise in the receiver, sky noise, and any other wideband interference processes other than UWB. UWB signals also have bandwidths that are greater than the front end of the GPS receiver, but they have an additional structure that may cause their effect to be very different than that of white noise. Accuracy is the metric of choice for aviation receivers because the most demanding precision approach operations require airborne pseudorange accuracies of approximately 15 cm [2]. Accuracy measurements also include the deleterious effects of cycle slips and are the most appropriate metrics for precision approach. The effect of the UWB signal is sensitive to the details of the UWB signal design. This paper presents test results for the following UWB parameters: PRF (0.1, 1.0, 20.0 MHz), modulation (no modulation, random OOK, random PPM), burst duty cycle (10%, 50%, and 100%), burst-on time (10 us, 1 ms, 10 ms). In each case, the UWB power in the GPS L1 band was swept from –115 dBm to about −50dBm.
Cure kinetics of a fast-cure epoxy with silica nanoparticles. (2016)

This article describes how the strong exothermic reaction of a fast-cure epoxy can be better controlled with the addition of non-reactive silica nanoparticles, further enhancing the benefits of a fast process, the toughness and the ability to understand the properties of thicker composite parts.
Room: 103 A CMEInstrumentation and Diagnostics (2006)

3 ; 1 Univ. Wurzburg, Germany, 2 Nanoplus GmbH, Nanosystems and Technolgies, Ger- many, 3 Nanoplus GmbH, Nanosystems and Technolo- gies, Germany. We present room temperature continu- ous wave operation of a single mode GaInAsSb/ AlGaAsSb distributed feedback laser at a record long emission wavelength of 2.84 µm. The threshold cur- rent at 15 °C is 75 mA.
Mechanisms and fitness implications of photomorphogenesis during chromatic acclimation in cyanobacteria (2016)

Photosynthetic organisms absorb photons and convert light energy to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis. Photosynthetic efficiency is tuned in response to the availability of light, carbon dioxide and nutrients to promote maximal levels of carbon fixation, while simultaneously limiting the potential for light-associated damage or phototoxicity. Given the central dependence on light for energy production, photosynthetic organisms possess abilities to tune their growth, development and metabolism to external light cues in the process of photomorphogenesis. Photosynthetic organisms perceive light intensity and distinct wavelengths or colors of light to promote organismal acclimation. Cyanobacteria are oxygenic photosynthetic prokaryotes that exhibit abilities to alter specific aspects of growth, including photosynthetic pigment composition and morphology, in responses to changes in available wavelengths and intensity of light. This form of photomorphogenesis is known as chromatic acclimation and has been widely studied. Recent insights into the photosensory photoreceptors found in cyanobacteria and developments in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms initiated by light sensing to affect the changes characteristic of chromatic acclimation are discussed. I consider cyanobacterial responses to light, the broad diversity of photoreceptors encoded by these organisms, specific mechanisms of photomorphogenesis, and associated fitness implications in chromatically acclimating cyanobacteria.
Paradoxical inhibition of solid tumor cell growth by bcl2. (1994)

The BCL2 gene product has been demonstrated to prevent apoptosis and provide a selective growth advantage to many cell types. We report an unexpected effect of bcl2 expression on the in vitro growth of several solid tumor cell lines. Expression of bcl2 in these cell lines resulted in growth inhibition similar to that seen with p53. In contrast, a COOH-terminal deletion mutant of bcl2 was unable to suppress growth. Thus, the bcl2 protein may exert distinct biological effects in different cell types.
Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Michael Reaction of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to Nitroolefins Catalyzed by a Bifunctional Thiourea. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
INS aided GPS integer ambiguity resolution (2011)

Real-time high precision GPS positioning is based on carrier phase measurements, which requires fast and precise on-the-fly integer ambiguity resolution. In some navigation applications, external sensors are available that provide auxiliary measurements. For example, in GPS/INS navigation systems, the inertial sensors allow computation of prior position estimates when GPS signals become available. This information can be used to aid GPS integer ambiguity resolution, offering a higher probability of obtaining correct integers, especially in challenging GPS conditions (e.g., few satellites, high measurement noise). This paper describes a fast and efficient technique for integer ambiguity resolution when auxiliary information from INS is available. The theoretical derivation will be presented and simulation result will show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Hemicellulose Extraction and Characterization of Rice Straw and Leucaena Leucocephala (2020)

Local production of agricultural waste is increasing. It is not fully utilized and can cause an environmental issue if it is not handle wisely. Thus, it is important to increase utilization of lignocellulosic biomass by improving their added value and subsequently decrease the agriculture waste. In this study, rice straw and Leucaena leucocephala were subjected to alkali treatment (4% sodium hydroxide) with different concentration ratio of samples to sodium hydroxide (1:10 to 1:50). The physical and chemical properties of extracted hemicelluloses were studied. The yield of hemicellulose was higher from rice straw compared to Leucaena leucocephala. The chemical functional groups present in hemicellulose were confirmed by Fourier tranform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The surface morphology and roughness of xylan were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords: rice straw, hemicellulose, sodium hydroxide, alkali
Emergency and Standby Power Systems Subcommittee Scope, Goal, Objectives, and Guidelines (1974)

Condensed general guidelines are presented in each of a series of five papers compiled by the Emergency and Standby Power Systems Subcommittee of the Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Committee, so that the users of electrical power may evaluate their need for the subject systems. Recommended systems and hardware are described.
Decoding the molecular crosstalk between grafted stem cells and the stroke-injured brain (2023)

Stem cell therapy shows promise for multiple disorders; however, the molecular crosstalk between grafted cells and host tissue is largely unknown. Here, we take a step toward addressing this question. Using translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) with sequencing tools, we simultaneously decode the transcriptomes of graft and host for human neural stem cells (hNSCs) transplanted into the stroke-injured rat brain. Employing pathway analysis tools, we investigate the interactions between the two transcriptomes to predict molecular pathways linking host and graft genes; as proof of concept, we predict host-secreted factors that signal to the graft and the downstream molecular cascades they trigger in the graft. We identify a potential host-graft crosstalk pathway where BMP6 from the stroke-injured brain induces graft secretion of noggin, a known brain repair factor. Decoding the molecular interplay between graft and host is a critical step toward deciphering the molecular mechanisms of stem cell action.
Some Cognitive Issues in Engineering Design (2014)

Design is an important outcome in the engineering curricula and profession. Design courses may first appear to students as freshman or late as seniors depending on universities. With the goals to solve the design process, enhance teamwork, and enhancing communication within and between the team and client, design is integrative, requiring students to engage in a more holistic kind of thinking and resourcefulness. Students are familiar with the domain and the logical progression in textbooks from concept to concept, but the design problem is often not well formulated requiring students to formulate both the problem and consideration before working toward a solution. Teaching design can also be difficult as it requires moving students out of their comfort zone into self-directed and independent world of design. Mathematical modeling is an important aspect of design, and scaffolding appears to be helpful in improving students' abilities to generate and use mathematical models in biomedical engineering senior design. A study of student capabilities followed by a classroom intervention in biomedical engineering design is discussed.