gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Androgen receptor-mediated stimulation of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity by dihydrotestosterone and medroxyprogesterone acetate in ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells. (1993)

The estrogen-sensitive human breast cancer cell line ZR-75-1 was used to study the regulation of 17 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17 beta HSD), the enzyme responsible for the interconversion of estrone (E1) and estradiol (E2). We, thus, investigated the effects of a 6-day exposure to various steroids or growth factors on the reductive (E1-->E2) and oxidative (E2-->E1) 17 beta HSD activities in ZR-75-1 cells as measured during a subsequent 16-h incubation with [3H]E1 or [3H]E2. The reductive 17 beta HSD activity was approximately 3-fold higher than the corresponding oxidative (E2-->E1) activity in control cells, thus favoring the predominance of E2 within the cell. Exposure to dihydrotestosterone (DHT) increased by 1.4-fold the reductive 17 beta HSD activity, with the stimulatory effect exerted at an EC50 value of 0.09 nM DHT, while the oxidative pathway was increased by 4.15-fold at an EC50 value of 0.17 nM. Incubation with medroxyprogesterone acetate, on the other hand, enhanced reductive 17 beta HSD activity by 1.87-fold, while the same treatment increased oxidative 17 beta HSD activity by 2.85-fold; the effects were exerted at EC50 values of 0.4 and 5 nM, respectively. The stimulatory effect of both steroids on 17 beta HSD activity was almost completely reversed by simultaneous exposure to the pure antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide (3 microM), thus supporting an action exerted through the androgen receptor. On the other hand, the synthetic estrogen ethynyl estradiol (EE2) inhibited the reductive and oxidative 17 beta HSD activities by 40% and 33%, respectively, whereas dexamethasone (300 nM) increased by 2.5- and 1.9-fold the reductive and oxidative 17 beta HSD activities, respectively. The present data showing that DHT and the androgenic compound medroxyprogesterone acetate favor the degradation of E2 into E1 suggest that the potent antiproliferative activity of these two compounds in E2-stimulated ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cells could be at least partially exerted through changes in 17 beta HSD activity.
[Effect of Mycobacterium tuberculosis higBA on Bacterial Stress Response and Intracellular Infection and Immunity]. (2022)

The <i>higBA</i> genes from <i>Mtb</i> play a role in bacterial stress response and intracellular infection and immunity.
Ultrafast Optical Switching in Amorphous Silicon Microring Resonators (2013)

We demonstrate Kerr-effect-based optical switching of amorphous Si microring resonators with full-width-at-half-maximum switching times of 14.8 ps at 1550 nm; low two-photon absorption reduces the creation of free carriers which would inhibit fast switching.
Credibility Perceptions of Content Contributors and Consumers in Social Media (2014)

This panel addresses information credibility issues in the context of social media. During\nthis panel, participants will discuss people's credibility perceptions of online content in social media from the perspectives of both content contributors and consumers. Each panelist will bring her own perspective on credibility issues in various social media, including Twitter (Morris), Wikipedia (Metzger; Francke), blogs (Rieh), and social Q&amp;A (Jeon). This panel aims to flesh out multi-disciplinary approaches to the investigation of credibility and discuss integrated conceptual frameworks and future research directions focusing on assessing and establishing credibility in social media.
Analog Circuit and Layout Synthesis Revisited (2015)

In the first decade of the twenty first century, the first generation of analog synthesis tools - for circuit sizing and optimization and for physical design - moved from academic research projects, to startups, to integration on various standard platforms. In addition, we began to see some concerted efforts to formulate the verification problem in formal terms, albeit on rather simplified version of designs. In this invited talk I will try to summarize what we got right in that first generation effort, but also, what we got wrong. The "right" part is the idea that all design is optimization: continuous, combinatorial, geometric, etc. Formulating tough analog circuit and layout problems as the "right" optimization problem(s) got us the first generation of tools that did anything right. The "wrong" part was an incomplete appreciation of the importance of designer use models - how real people do real designs in this business. Closing that gap is one remaining challenge. Another is the leap to non-planar end-of-roadmap CMOS technologies, where lithographic and manufacturability concerns combine to create some difficult problems, and new opportunities for tool innovation.
Surfactant-Based Fluid-Loss Pills for ZnBr2-Based High-Density Completion Fluids and High-Temperature Applications (2013)

Abstract Excessive loss of high-density brines into the formation has always been a major concern during completion operations, since it is uneconomical and leads to formation damage and well control issues. A viscoelastic surfactant (VES) system was introduced as an alternative for polymers because of high-temperature instability, incompatibility problems, and the necessity of acid cleanup for the polymer-based system. However, past literature documented that VES systems were limited to only CaCl2/CaBr2 brines due to the negative effect of ZnBr2 solutions on the surfactant's ability to form gel which limits the applicable density for past fluid-loss pills. This paper introduces improved fluid technology that uses nanoparticles and new low molecular weight surfactants to effectively control fluid-losses for high-density brine that contains ZnBr2 at high temperature application. Laboratory studies were conducted to examine the effect of the VES system on controlling leak-off rate using a HP/HT fluid-loss cell. The apparent viscosity of the VES solution was measured as a function of shear rate and temperature (up to 300°F). Based on experimental results leak-off of surfactant based fluid is controlled by the elastic structure of the surfactant micelles. The strong elastic structure of gel will not deform to pass through the pores, it will plug this pores and eliminate any flow of the solution. Therefore, surfactant-based pill developed long-term stability as it tested for 7 days with a noticeable decrease in the leak-off rate with time. Optimum surfactant concentration does not depend on the brine composition or formation permeability but it was mainly dependent on temperature. A breaker based on mineral oil caused a smooth viscosity decline while a breaker based on mutual solvent had a rapid viscosity decline. For mutual solvent, viscosity was instantaneously reduced by 50 to 90% depending on brine composition, surfactant concentration and temperature. However, temperature has most significant effect.
Drug-development, dose-selection, rational combinations from bench-to-bedside: are there any lessons worth revisiting? (2021)

One of the most intractable problems in drug development is getting an impartial and accurate evaluation of the agent one is working on, especially since patients are involved in clinical trials. It is particularly acute in the oncology field, where both cause and appropriate treatment of a tumor may partially be rational guesswork. In this situation, patients have a high likelihood of a sub-optimal outcome, notably when they, as profoundly impaired "salvage patients", end up in early clinical trials, receiving modestly characterized agents, which can do great harm if not judiciously used. These factors argue for caution when evaluating an agent, and there are several rules of thumb designed to terminate weak drug candidates as rapidly as possible. This precautionary stance is justified by the high failure rates of drugs in clinical trials. In this review, we argue that certain rules of the drug developmental paradigm are frequently misapplied, resulting in many good agents being discarded, and we provide an example of Hsp90 inhibitors. These "rules" are worth revisiting so that new cancer drugs can be developed and tested in a way that increases the overall success rates in patients.
Fabricating Tubular Devices from Polymers of Lactic and Glycolic Acid for Tissue Engineering (1995)

Polymers of lactic and glycolic acid are attractive candidates to fabricate devides to transplant cells and engineer new tissues. These polymers are biocompatible, and exhibit a wide range of erosion times and mechanical properties. This manuscript describes the fabrication and characterization, in vitro and in vivo, of hollow, tubular devices from porous films of various polymers of this family. Porous films of these polymers were formed using a particulate leaching technique, and sealed around Teflon cylinders to form hollow tubular devices. The erosion rate of devices was controlled by the specific polymer utilized for fabrication, and ranged from months to years. Devices fabricated from a 50/50 copolymer of D,L-lactic acid and glycolic acid were completely eroded by 2 months, while devices fabricated from a homopolymer of L-lactic acid showed little mass loss after 1 year. Erosion times for devices fabricated from the other polymers [poly-(D,L-lactic acid) and a 85/15 copolymer] were between these two extremes. Devices were capable of resisting significant compressional forces (150 raN) in vitro, and the compression resistance was controlled by the polymer utilized to fabricate the devices. The ability of the devices to maintain their structure after implantation into the mesentery or omentum of laboratory rats was also dependent of the specific polymer utilized to fabricate the device. These results indicate that it is possible to fabricate tubular devices for tissue engineering applications that exhibit a wide range of erosion rates and mechanical properties.
Novel Nanoassemblies Composed of Squalenoyl−Paclitaxel Derivatives: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation (2010)

Using the anticancer compound paclitaxel as a model drug, this study investigates the potential of the squalenoylation technology (i.e., bioconjugation with the natural lipid squalene) in addressing the drug ability and delivery issues of poorly soluble therapeutic agents. In this view, a variety of novel squalene-based prodrugs of the anticancer compound paclitaxel were synthesized, which produced nanoparticles in water. These prodrugs were obtained by covalent coupling of the paclitaxel 2'-hydroxyl group as direct ester, as well as with a succinate or a diglycolate ester as cleavable linker to the 1,1',2-tris-norsqualenoic acid. The hydrophilicity of these paclitaxel bioconjugates was increased by placing poly(ethylene glycol) chains of different lengths between paclitaxel and the squalenoyl moiety. All these prodrugs self-assembled into nanosized aggregates in aqueous solution as characterized by dynamic light scattering, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The critical aggregation concentration was very low, ranging from 0.09 to 0.4 mg/L. Zeta potential measurements revealed that all squalenoyl-paclitaxel nanoassemblies (NA) held a global negative charge and appeared stable in water for several weeks as determined by particle size measurement. The release of paclitaxel from NA was evaluated in different conditions and in the presence of serum and depended on the nature of the linker used. Preliminary biological assessment showed that these squalenoyl-paclitaxel NA induced the formation of microtubule bundles in HT-29 and KB-31 cells, and additionally displayed notable cytotoxicity on a lung tumor cell line. Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity of these different prodrugs correlated closely with the observed linker stability. Overall, the squalenoylation nanotechnology opens up interesting perspectives for the development of injectable prodrugs of poorly soluble therapeutic compounds by addressing the associated physicochemical and biopharmaceutical challenges.
A Survey of Visualization Construction User Interfaces (2013)

We have systematically surveyed the publications on visualization construction user interfaces that have been published in 12 major Visualization and HCI venues. We found six different visualization construction approaches (visual builder, visualization spreadsheet, textual programming, visual dataflow programming, template editor, and shelf configuration). The approaches differ in their flexibility, whether they support presentation or exploration tasks, and the spatial, temporal, and conceptual distance between the user interface (UI) and the visualization. Our results provide guidance to designers of visualization construction UIs.
Ordered Heterostructures of Two Strictly Alternating Types of Nanoreactors (2014)

One-dimensional crystalline heterostructures of two types of nanoreactors strictly alternating along the stacking direction are obtained by partial ion exchange into a synthetic clay mineral distinguished by an outstandingly homogeneous charge density. The driving force for the formation of these high interface architectures is proven to be founded in densely packed cationic molecules in the interlayer with a charge density deviating from the charge density of the host clay mineral. The established mechanism renders the approach generally applicable and will allow for synthesis of ordered heterostructures of any desired combination of functional molecules that moreover are separated by exactly 1 nm thick silicate walls. The ordered heterostructures were furthermore shown to represent the thermodynamic equilibrium suggesting the mechanism of formation to be robust.
Growth Hormone Deficiency and Excess Alter the Gut Microbiome in Adult Male Mice (2020)

The gut microbiome has been implicated in host metabolism, endocrinology, and pathophysiology. Furthermore, several studies have shown that gut bacteria impact host growth, partially mediated through the growth hormone (GH)/insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) axis. Yet, no study to date has examined the specific role of GH on the gut microbiome. Our study thus characterized the adult gut microbial profile and intestinal phenotype in GH gene-disrupted (GH-/-) mice (a model of GH deficiency) and bovine GH transgenic (bGH) mice (a model of chronic, excess GH action) at 6 months of age. Both the GH-/- and bGH mice had altered microbial signatures, in opposing directions at the phylum and genus levels. For example, GH-/- mice had significantly reduced abundance in the Proteobacteria, Campylobacterota, and Actinobacteria phyla, whereas bGH mice exhibited a trending increase in those phyla compared with respective controls. Analysis of maturity of the microbial community demonstrated that lack of GH results in a significantly more immature microbiome while excess GH increases microbial maturity. Several common bacterial genera were shared, although in opposing directions, between the 2 mouse lines (e.g., decreased in GH-/- mice and increased in bGH mice), suggesting an association with GH. Similarly, metabolic pathways like acetate, butyrate, heme B, and folate biosynthesis were predicted to be impacted by GH. This study is the first to characterize the gut microbiome in mouse lines with altered GH action and indicates that GH may play a role in the growth of certain microbiota thus impacting microbial maturation and metabolic function.
Effective Absorption and Utilization of Oral Formyltetrahydrofolate in Man (1972)

Reversal of the effects of antifolates requires effective expansion of the body pool of reduced folate coenzymes. In the past, this has required parenteral use of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. By use of Radio-labeled 5-formyltetrahydrofolate, we showed that its oral administration also expands the body reduced folate pool. After oral administration of 5-formyl-14C-tetrahydrofolate-3H to fasting subjects, the labels appeared in the serum, peaking at 60 minutes. Chromatographic analysis showed that the labeled serum folate was principally the naturally occurring 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-3H. Close to 90 per cent of orally administered 5-formyltetrahydrofolate appeared to be absorbed. The most constant labeled urinary folate was found to be 10-formyltetrahydrofolate or 5, 10-methenyltetrahydrofolate. Renal excretion of labeled 5-formyltetrahydrofolate occurred at undetectable serum levels whereas renal excretion of labeled 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was proportional to its serum concentration.
A Python Based Automatic Impedance Scan Tool for PSCAD Models (2022)

The growth of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power systems leads to stability challenges on system operations that were not of major concerns in the past, such as control interactions among IBRs and between IBRs and other components within the transmission network. Control instability for the IBRs operating under weak grid conditions and sub-synchronous control interaction (SSCI) for IBRs connected near series compensated transmission lines are common phenomena considered by system operators. Electromagnetic transient (EMT) study incorporating high bandwidth EMT models are required to assess weak grid control interactions and SSCI issues because positive-sequence electromechanical dynamic models are generally considered inadequate for these types of studies. However, EMT studies are more time-consuming and demand more computational resources. In practice, an SSCI screening process is adopted by system operators during the interconnection process to shortlist the potential vulnerable IBRs for further assessment using detailed EMT simulations. A frequency domain analytical approach is emerging within industry research communities in recent years to evaluate the stability of an IBR dominated system. The impedance characteristic profiles of the IBRs are necessary to use a frequency domain study approach. A python-based impedance scan tool applicable to the PSCAD models has been developed at ERCOT to automatically conduct the frequency scan process. Considering the frequency-coupling effect, the developed toolset, namely ZSC, scans the IBR's impedance based on individual frequency perturbation signals and the tool has been incorporated into the PsCad Auto Run (PCAR) platform developed at ERCOT. This paper presents the schematic of the ZSC tool and some implementation notes on selected PSCAD models.
Gene Expression Signatures of Seven Individual Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines (2005)

Identification of molecular components that define a pluripotent human embryonic stem cell (hESC) provides the basis for understanding the molecular mechanisms regulating the maintenance of pluripotency and induction of differentiation. We compared the gene expression profiles of seven genetically independent hESC lines with those of nonlineage-differentiated cells derived from each line. A total of 8,464 transcripts were expressed in all hESC lines. More than 45% of them have no yet-known biological function, which indicates that a high number of unknown factors contribute to hESC pluripotency. Among these 8,464 transcripts, 280 genes were specific for hESCs and 219 genes were more than twofold differentially expressed in all hESC lines compared with nonlineage-differentiated cells. They represent genes implicated in the maintenance of pluripotency and those involved in early differentiation. The chromosomal distribution of these hESC-enriched genes showed over-representation in chromosome 19 and under-representation in chromosome 18. Although the overall gene expression profiles of the seven hESC lines were markedly similar, each line also had a subset of differentially expressed genes reflecting their genetic variation and possibly preferential differentiation potential. Limited overlap between gene expression profiles illustrates the importance of cross-validation of results between different ESC lines.
EuMA special issue on 60 GHz communication systems (2011)

New applications such as HDTV-streaming over the internet and emerging 3D movies demand portable and mobile devices supporting wireless connectivity with extremely high data rates. From a technical point of view, the storage of the data in these devices is facilitated by the growing capacity of solidstate memories. Equally, technological progress does allow using advanced modulation and coding schemes in new mm-Wave frequency bands at reasonable cost.
A Dither-Free Bias Voltage Optimization Method for Optical IQ Transmitter Based on Genetic Algorithm Using DC and Magnitude Variance (2020)

We propose dither-free bias optimization for optical MZ modulators, using a multi-object genetic algorithm configured with magnitude variance and DC component. We demonstrate voltage optimization within 0.5% in 15 iterations with a 1 GHz photodetector.
Energy Efficient Cooperative Sleep Control Using Small Cell for Wireless Networks (2015)

The demand for higher throughput and more reliable quality of service (QoS) explosive increases the number of base stations in future wireless networks, which causes severe energy waste problems in wireless networks, especially when base stations are in low traffic load status. This paper has two main contributions: first of all, we propose a semistatic energy efficient method to find out the optimal on-off pattern considering the interference from adjacent base stations using integer convex optimization, from which the optimal on-off proportion of base stations could be obtained; then we propose a novel energy efficient cooperative heuristic algorithm in dynamic scenario, by separating the waiting time into two independent Markov processes using the new method; the total power consumption could be reduced significantly by adopting the novel method. Compared with reference method, simulation results indicate that in semistatic scenario, the total system power consumption could be reduced up to 26%, and, in dynamic scenario, the system power consumption could be reduced up to 40%.
Compact MIMO antenna of the open-loop and meandered-line 1-layer radiators with improved isolation (2012)

We propose a compact MIMO antenna with high inter-antenna isolation. It is featured by small radiating elements each of which comprises a meandered line and an open-loop, and a modified T-shaped decoupling structure to lower the interaction between the radiators. For a WiMAX band, the size of the entire MIMO antenna is 0.22λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> showing effective miniaturization. And the gain, efficiency and isolation are 3.7dBi, 56% and 17dB, acceptable to the industrial standard.
The Adsorption of Ions in Liquid Crystals to the Surface of Polyimide Films can be Measured by the Decay of the Charged Voltage (2015)

The adsorption of ions in liquid crystals (LCs) to the surfaces of polyimde films having benzene moieties was investigated by evaluating the decay curves of the charged voltage as a function of time in the open-circuit setting. The degree of the decay of the charged voltage of an LC cell decreased with increasing time of voltage application before the open-circuit period. The experimental result and the analysis with the model for decay of the charged voltage due to ions in the LC layer of the LC cell indicate that most of the adsorbed ions did not desorb from the surface of the polyimide films with increasing time of voltage application, and thus the adsorbed ions did not affect the decay of the charged voltage.
A generation method for arbitrary patterned pulse train in the THz region by spectral synthesis of optical combs (2013)

We propose a generation method for arbitrary patterned THz pulse trains by photomixing of spectrally-synthesized optical combs generated by a Mach-Zehnder-modulator-based flat comb generator combined with a pulse picker driven by a pulse pattern generator.
Utilisation de la technologie RFID chipless pour la mesure de déformation de réflecteurs (2013)

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