gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Measurement of Hard Exudates in Patients With Diabetes and Their Associations With Serum Lipid Levels (2013)

Quantitative measurement of HEs in patients with diabetes is associated with lipid levels, and higher triglyceride levels are associated with a higher risk of central involvement. Quantitative information may be useful to monitor HE progression or treatment response in persons with diabetic maculopathy.
Hybrid model reduction for compressible flow controller design (2011)

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has been a powerful simulation tool to gain insight and understanding of fluid dynamic systems. However, it is also extremely computationally intensive and thus unsuitable for control design and iteration. Various model reduction schemes have been proposed in the past to approximate the Navier-Stokes equation with a low-dimensional model. There are essentially two approaches: input/output model identification and proper orthogonal decomposition (POD). The former captures mostly the local behavior near a steady state and the latter is highly dependent on the snapshots of the flow state used to extract the projection. This paper presents a hybrid model reduction approach that attempts to combine the best features of the two approaches. We first identify an input/output linear model by using the subspace identification method. We next project the difference between CFD response and the identified model response onto a set of POD basis. This trajectory is then fit to a nonlinear dynamical model to augment the input/output linear model. The resulting hybrid model is then used for control design with the controller evaluated with CFD. The proposed methodology has been applied to a 2D compressible flow passing a contraction geometry. The result indicates that near the steady state used for linear system identification, the linear system based design works well. However, far away from the steady state, the hybrid system shows much better performance.
Use of Mauermeyer Stone Punch Via Percutaneous Nephrostomy (1982)

Multiple renal calculi in a woman who had undergone 3 previous nephrolithotomies on the ipsilateral kidney were destroyed percutaneously with a Mauermeyer stone punch after the nephrostomy tract had been dilated to 34F by a single-step technique. This stone removal technique is fast and safe, and requires only local anesthesia. It can be regarded as another tool for the endourological management of stones.
Grad-B Drift of an Electron Beam in the High Current Betatron. (1981)

Abstract : The equation of motion of the center of mass coordinates for an electron beam in the high current betatron is investigated. For a small betatron field, it is shown that even for a stable single particle orbit of beam electrons, the grad-B drift velocity of the center of mass coordinates can be fractional percents of the speed of light, thereby presenting a serious difficulty in future experiments. (Author)
AlITQ-6 and TiITQ-6: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Activity (2000)

Thinly sliced zeolites have greater catalytic activity! A common precursor gives ferrierite or, upon expansion and delamination, ITQ-6 (see picture). Delamination increases the external surface area and catalytic reactions with bulky molecules do not demand their permeation into the Angstrom-scale pores. The preparation also eases creation of even more active, titanium-enriched materials.
An engineered monomer binding-protein for α -synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils (2019)

Removing or preventing the formation of α -synuclein aggregates is a plausible strategy against Parkinson’s disease. To this end we have engineered the β -wrapin AS69 to bind monomeric α -synuclein with high affinity. In cultured cells, AS69 reduced the occurrence of α -synuclein oligomers and of visible α -synuclein aggregates. In flies, AS69 reduced α -synuclein aggregates and the locomotor deficit resulting from α -synuclein expression in neuronal cells. In a mouse model based on the intracerebral injection of pre-formed α -synuclein seed fibrills (PFFs), AS69 co-injection reduced the density of dystrophic neurites observed three months later. In biophysical experiments in vitro , AS69 highly sub-stoichiometrically inhibited auto-catalytic secondary nucleation processes, even in the presence of a large excess of monomer. We present evidence that the AS69- α -synuclein complex, rather than the free AS69, is the inhibitory species responsible for sub-stoichiometric inhibition. These results represent a new paradigm that high affinity monomer binders can be strongly sub-stoichiometric inhibitors of nucleation processes.
Aberrant Hypermethylation of Tumor Suppressor Genes in Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms (2003)

Aberrant methylation of multiple tumor suppressor genes is associated with advanced tumor stage and identifies molecularly distinct PENs with identical histologic characteristics. The methylation status of specific tumor suppressor genes is predictive of PEN behavior.
Bacteriophage conversion of spore-negative mutants to spore-positive in Bacillus pumilus (1977)

A pseudolysogenic phage, PMB1, was isolated from soil on the basis of its ability to increase the sporulation frequency of the oligosporogenic Bacillus pumilus strain NRS 576 (sporulation frequency, less than 1%). Several spore-negative mutants (sporulation frequency, less than 10-8) derived from strain NRS 576, which were converted to spore positive by infection with PMB1, were subsequently identified. PMB1 repeatedly grown on a given spore-negative mutant (e.g., GW2) converted GW2 cells to spore positive. Each plaque-forming unit initiated the conversion of a spore-positive clone in semisolid agar overlays. GW2 cells remained spore positive as long as they maintained PMB1. Return of PMB1-converted cells to the orginal spore-negative phenotype correlated with loss of PMB1. In liquid media, PMB1 infection increased the sporulation frequency of mutant GW2 over 106-fold. More than half of the spore-negative mutants we isolated from strain NRS 576 were converted to spore positive by PMB1 infection. PMB1-induced spores of the spore-negative mutant GW2 were somewhat more heat sensitive than uninfected or PMB1-infected spores of the spore positive parent of GW2. PMB1-induced spores of GW2 do not differ from wild-type spores in morphology by phase-contrast microscopy, dipicolinic acid content, or rate of sedimentation through Renografin gradients.
A Review on Noninvasive Beat-to-Beat Systemic and Pulmonary Blood Pressure Estimation through Surrogate Cardiovascular Signals (2016)

Blood pressure monitoring is essential in hospital and home monitoring scenarios, with applications requiring on-line beat-to-beat blood pressure estimation, such as tele-monitoring of neurally mediated syncope. This chapter presents a comprehensive review of investigated approaches and reported performance, using different noninvasive correlates of the circulatory and cardiovascular system. Papers of interest were located in Scopus, IEEE Xplore and PubMed databases. The resulting pool of papers was then methodologically reviewed using 5 thematic taxonomies developed: 1) pulse arrival time and pulse transit time, 2) vascular transit time, 3) RS2 time, 4) heart sound characteristics, 5) PPG characteristics. The status of evidence in the literature demonstrates that cardiovascular signals such as the electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram, and phonocardiogram contain important information for the estimation of blood pressure. Still, there are open issues regarding the validity, reliability and stability of these methods.
Preliminary Chamber Measurements and a Status Report on the Development of an All-Digital Mobile Phased Array Radar (2022)

This brief manuscript provides an update on an S-band, digital-at-every-element polarimetric phased array radar designed to operate in the 2.7 - 3.1 GHz frequency band, which is being designed and built at the University of Oklahoma&#x0027;s Advanced Radar Research Center (ARRC). This is radar build 1 of 2 for our group in the S-band. We are currently exploring a variety of near-field panel measurements, which are presented in this paper. For instance, given that digital at every element affords vast array flexibility, new innovative concepts associated with mutual coupling calibration are being tested and verified.
Coherent Optical Control of Single Ytterbium Ions in a GaAs Hybrid Photonic Crystal Cavity on Yb:YVO4 (2022)

We demonstrate coherent optical control of single Yb 3+ ions in YVO 4 coupled evanescently to a GaAs photonic crystal cavity.
Denoising Noisy Neural Networks: A Bayesian Approach with Compensation (2021)

Deep neural networks (DNNs) with noisy weights, which we refer to as noisy neural networks (NoisyNNs), arise from the training and inference of DNNs in the presence of noise. NoisyNNs emerge in many new applications, including the wireless transmission of DNNs, the efficient deployment or storage of DNNs in analog devices, and the truncation or quantization of DNN weights. This paper studies a fundamental problem of NoisyNNs: how to reconstruct the DNN weights from their noisy manifestations. While all prior works relied on the maximum likelihood (ML) estimation, this paper puts forth a denoising approach to reconstruct DNNs with the aim of maximizing the inference accuracy of the reconstructed models. The superiority of our denoiser is rigorously proven in two small-scale problems, wherein we consider a quadratic neural network function and a shallow feedforward neural network, respectively. When applied to advanced learning tasks with modern DNN architectures, our denoiser exhibits significantly better performance than the ML estimator. Consider the average test accuracy of the denoised DNN model versus the weight variance to noise power ratio (WNR) performance. When denoising a noisy ResNet34 model arising from noisy inference, our denoiser outperforms ML estimation by up to 4.1 dB to achieve a test accuracy of 60%.When denoising a noisy ResNet18 model arising from noisy training, our denoiser outperforms ML estimation by 13.4 dB and 8.3 dB to achieve test accuracies of 60% and 80%, respectively.
Effects of Monomer Structure on Their Organization and Polymerization in a Smectic Liquid Crystal (1997)

Photopolymerizable diacrylate monomers dissolved in fluid-layer smectic A and smectic C liquid crystal (LC) hosts exhibited significant spatial segregation and orientation that depend strongly on monomer structure. Small, flexible monomers such as 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) oriented parallel to the smectic layers and intercalated, whereas rod-shaped mesogen-like monomers such as 1,4-di-(4-(6-acryloyloxyhexyloxy)benzoyloxy)-2-methylbenzene (C6M) oriented normal to the smectic layers and collected within them. Such spatial segregation caused by the smectic layering dramatically enhanced photopolymerization rates; for HDDA, termination rates were reduced, whereas for C6M, both the termination and propagation rates were increased. These polymerization precursor structures suggest novel materials-design paradigms for gel LCs and nanophase-separated polymer systems.
Hardware Scheduler Performance on the Plural Many-Core Architecture. (2014)

The Plural many-core architecture combines hundreds of simple cores, lock-free shared memory, hardware scheduler and a task-based programming model. The hardware scheduler enables fast scheduling and allocation of fine grain tasks to all cores. Scheduler performance is evaluated based on an architectural simulator and on multiple benchmarks representing a wide variety of inherent parallelism. Several architectural alternatives and scheduler configurations are simulated. It is shown that a scheduler with capacity to schedule and terminate 10 task-instances per cycle, along with a task queue of as little as two slots near each core, is sufficient to utilize 256 cores.
Exploiting fitness trade-offs to prevent antifungal drug resistance (2015)

Thesis: Ph. D. in Microbiology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, 2015.
ON SOLUTIONS TO ROBUST MULTIOBJECTIVE OPTIMIZATION PROBLEMS THAT ARE OPTIMAL UNDER CONVEX SCALARIZATION (2013)

We consider multiobjective optimization problems with objectives that depend on a random parameter. Optimality to such problems is understood using the notion of robust efficiency. Unfortunately, no convex optimization method is known that can find all robust efficient solutions, even for convex problems. In this paper, we propose a more restrictive concept of efficiency than robust efficiency, and call the subset of robust efficient solutions th at satisfy our definition the convex hull efficientset. We characterize this set by necessary and sufficient conditions that parallel classical theorems on effi ciency for deterministic problems. Specifically, we show that all convex hull efficient solutions can be found by strictly increasing and convex scalarization, and that strongly increasing and convex scalarization always yields convex hull efficient solutions. We also extend robust efficiency to distributionally robust problems, where the expectation of the objectives is optimized conditioned on the worst distribution from some ambiguity set of possible probability distributions. The convex hull efficient set is shown to coincide with the robust efficient set i f the ambiguity set is convex. The relationship between nonlinearity of the scalarizing function and conservatism of the solution is demonstrated with respect to a numerical example inspired by radiation therapy treatment planning.
Marathon evaluation of optical materials for 157-nm lithography (2001)

In this work we present progress on the long-term evaluation of optical materials for 157-nm lithographic applications. We review the unique metrology capabilities that have been developed for accurately assessing optical properties of samples both online and offline, utilizing VUV spectrophotometry with in-situ lamp-based cleaning. We review the current status of bulk materials for lenses, such as CaF<SUB>2</SUB> and BaF<SUB>2</SUB>, and durability results of antireflectance coatings. Finally, we describe progress on materials testing of organic pellicles, both with 172-nm lamps as well as under 157-nm laser irradiation.
Radical Polymerization of MMA Co‐initiated by 2‐Phenyloxazoline (2013)

Abstract The subject of this work is the study of a new type of radical polymerization that occurs at elevated temperatures (80–100 °C) in mixtures of acrylates or (meth)acrylates and imine baes (IBA polymerization). The radical character of this polymerization is proven by the determination of copolymerization ratios and the reaction kinetics. On the basis of these facts and the hypothesis that the vinyl monomer acts as a co‐initiator, calculations reveal the concentration of the initiating species to be very low ( K eq &lt; 10 −6 ). Furthermore, the choice of the reaction medium plays a crucial role on reaction kinetics and the average molecular weight of the resulting polymer. In combination with computational methodologies on the initiation, the multistep nature of this reaction is indicated. magnified image
Correlation of the ac Electrical Conductivity and the Microstructure of PMMA/ITO Nanocomposites That Possess Phase-Segregated Microstructures (2008)

This paper investigates the effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and the ac electrical conductivity of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/indium tin oxide (ITO) nanocomposites. The PMMA/ITO composites were fabricated by hot pressing ITO-coated PMMA powders and confining the ITO nanoparticles to the perimeter of the polymer phase. Correlations between the microstructure and the measured ac conductivity were determined by comparing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images of fractured cross sections of the composites and the ac conductivity determined from impedance spectroscopy measurements. It was found that the microstructure of the PMMA/ITO composites consists of polyhedral-shaped matrix particles, which are affected by the starting amount of powder and compaction pressure used to form the composites. The critical frequency fc, which determines the transition from frequency-independent to frequency-dependent ac conductivity, was observed to increase as the steady state conductivity increased. When higher compaction pressures were used, the specimens had lower conductivities and the fractured surfaces showed deformed polyhedral shapes with combinations of rough and smooth regions. These changes in the microstructure of the composites were easily detected by the ac electrical conductivity measurements. The SEM images of the fractured cross-sections indicated that these changes in the ac conductivity were related to the local concentration of the ITO nanoparticles in the PMMA matrix. This study demonstrates that impedance spectroscopy is an excellent tool for examining structure−property relationships in polymer−matrix composites that possess phase-segregated microstructures.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF 2,4,6‐TRI‐TERT‐BUTYLACETOPHENONE (1979)

Abstract Benzol (Ia) wird in das Tris‐tert.‐butylbenzol (Ib) mittels tert.‐Butylchlorid und AlCl 3 übergeführt und dann zu (IIa) bromiert.
Elliptic Flow of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions atsNN=2.76  TeV (2010)

We report the first measurement of charged particle elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at sqrt[S(NN)] =2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurement is performed in the central pseudorapidity region (|η|<0.8) and transverse momentum range 0.2<p t<5.0 GeV/c. The elliptic flow signal v₂, measured using the 4-particle correlation method, averaged over transverse momentum and pseudorapidity is 0.087 ± 0.002(stat) ± 0.003(syst) in the 40%-50% centrality class. The differential elliptic flow v₂ p t reaches a maximum of 0.2 near p t =3 GeV/c. Compared to RHIC Au-Au collisions at sqrt[S(NN)] 200 GeV, the elliptic flow increases by about 30%. Some hydrodynamic model predictions which include viscous corrections are in agreement with the observed increase.
ChemInform Abstract: Trifunctional Reagents in Organic Synthesis: Sequential, Chemoselective Reactions Leading to the Preparation of Structurally Novel Tricycles. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
An 88-Year-Old Female Case with Hyperalphalipoproteinemia Associated with Deficiency of Cholesteryl-Ester Transfer Activity. (1992)

An 88-year-old female was admitted to our hospital for examination of hyperalphalipoproteinemia. The high level of her serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C, 148 mg/dl) was due to cholesterol amount of HDL2-C but not HDL3-C, and serum cholesteryl ester transfer activity (CETA) was at a non-detectable level. Despite her age, apparent atherosclerotic changes were not observed. She may be the oldest case of hyperalphalipoproteinemia, possibly due to deficiency of serum CETA.
Conformation and dynamics of dimeric ureido‐balhimycin (1995)

Abstract The conformation of the antibiotic ureido‐balhimycin has been investigated by proton nmr and refined with computer simulations. The dimeric structure cj ureido‐balhimycin was established by unambiguous identification of 6 nuclear Overhauser effects (NOEs) as intermonomeric, out of the total of 186 NOEs observed. Via distance geometry calculations the antiparallel orientation of the two monomers was demonstrated. Further refinement by molecular dynamics simulations provided the essential hydrogen bonds and aromatic interactions responsible for interfacial stabilization. The computational protocol illustrated here (distance geometry to define the coarse topology and molecular dynamics for refinement) should find general applicability in the study of homodimers. © 1995 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.
3D Printing and Intraoperative Neuronavigation Tailoring for Skull Base Reconstruction after Extended Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery (2018)

Objective Endoscopic endonasal approaches have been increasingly performed for the surgical treatment of various skull base pathologies. Despite advances in reconstruction techniques of the surgical defect, cerebrospinal fluid leakage remains an ongoing issue. In this study, we assessed the potential use of modern multimaterial 3D printing and neuronavigation to help model and develop patient-specific prostheses tailored to the surgical defect for reconstructive purposes.
Vision Research Applied to Computer-Synthesized Imagery (1989)

Computer Graphics has always drawn on vision research although often rather indirectly. From the beginning, issues such as flicker fusion and resolution had to be considered in designing systems for computer graphics. However, there was a large body of experience and well-established standards from the cinema and television industries to provide guidelines. Later, when research focused more on the attainment of realism in images computed from numeric models, issues were raised which required a more basic understanding of vision. Currently, while the community, as a whole, is aware of the importance of underlying principles of vision, there is little reference to vision research in journals and conferences on computer graphics. On the other hand, many advances in computer graphics were based on results found in the vision literature. A few examples follow.
Effect of the Chemical Modification of Dextran on the Degradation by Rat Liver Lysosomal Enzymes (1992)

The biodegradation of dextran, reduced dextran dialdehyde and dextran monosuccinate ester was investigated using isolated rat liver lysosomes. It was demonstrated that chemical modification of the parent dex tran resulted in a reduced degradability. The action of the exo-enzyme α-glucos idase (α-D-glucoside glucohydrolase) was nearly the same for parent dextran as for the derivatives. In order to explain the degradation data, the presence of the endo-acting enzyme dextranase (1,6-α-D-glucan 6-glucanohydrolase) in the lysosomes was taken into account.
Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota urosepsis in a patient with Crohn’s disease in the absence of recent or current gastrointestinal symptoms (2013)

Salmonella enterica serovar Minnesota is a rarely isolated organism in clinical samples mainly grown from stool cultures. Sepsis due to Salmonella is known in severely immunocompromised patients, but so far urosepsis due to S. enterica serovar Minnesota has not been described. We report a case of a 31-year-old patient suffering from Crohn's disease treated with infliximab and azathioprine, in whom was implanted a double-J ureteric catheter for urolithiasis. The patient presented with urinary tract infection and severe sepsis. S. enterica serovar Minnesota was grown from urine and blood cultures. After empiric antimicrobial treatment with meropenem and vancomycin, treatment was changed to ceftriaxone. Antimicrobial treatment was continued for a total of 3 weeks without evidence of Salmonella recurrence on follow-up visits. Salmonella spp. rarely cause urinary tract infection and sepsis. However, in immunocompromised patients, non-typhoidal salmonellosis merits a thorough clinical and microbiological evaluation.
ROBUST AND GAIN SCHEDULED H [SUB INFINITY] CONTROLLERS FOR LATERAL GUIDANCE OF PASSENGER VEHICLES IN AHS (1997)

In this paper, two lateral guidance designs for passenger vehicles in an automated highway system (AHS) are presented. A combination of input-output linearization and H/sub infinity/ control design techniques are used.