gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photonic-Crystal-Based Fiber Hydrophone With Sub-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$100~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Pa/<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\surd $ </tex-math></inline-formula>Hz Pressure Resolution (2015)

A Fabry-Perot fiber hydrophone with improved fluidics over a previous design to increase the pressure sensitivity by two orders of magnitude and the response at low frequencies is reported. The interferometer is made of a photonic-crystal diaphragm placed at the tip of a single-mode fiber coated with a dielectric reflector. To increase the sensitivity, the water that fills the sensor head is connected to the surrounding environment through holes in the protective housing. The response extends below 100 Hz, with a measured average sensitivity of ~0.23 Pa <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and a record average minimum detectable pressure of ~90 μPa/√Hz from 100 Hz to 2.5 kHz.
Abstract 8656: Age-Related Macular Degeneration and Incident Cardiovascular Disease: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (2011)

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) has been linked to cardiovascular risk factors, but it is unclear whether or not AMD represents a marker for subsequent coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events, including stroke. Aim: To determine whether AMD is a risk indicator for CHD/CVD events independent of other known risk factors in a multi-ethnic cohort. Methods: Retinal photographs from participants in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) without known CVD were evaluated for AMD. A Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to examine the association between AMD with subsequent CHD/CVD events, adjusting for clinical CVD risk factors. Additional analyses were conducted evaluating the strength of association between AMD and CHD/CVD stratifying by patient age and race. Results: Among 5951 participants with gradable retinal photographs, there were 895 participants with AMD. Over a mean follow-up period of 5.4 years, there was no statistically significant difference in incident CHD or CVD between the AMD and non-AMD groups (5.0% vs. 3.9%, p=0.13 for CHD and 6.6 vs. 5.5%, p=0.19 for CVD, respectively). In Cox regression models adjusting for CVD risk factors, there were no significant relationship between presence of any AMD and CHD/CVD events (HR=0.99, 95% CI 0.74-1.33, p=0.97). No significant association was found between subgroups of early AMD or late AMD and incident CHD/CVD events. Conclusions: In persons without a history of cardiovascular disease, AMD was not found to be significantly associated with an increased risk of CHD or CVD events.
Visual-Statistical Interpretation of 18F-FDG-PET Images for Characteristic Alzheimer Patterns in a Multicenter Study: Inter-Rater Concordance and Relationship to Automated Quantitative Evaluation (2013)

Inter-rater agreement was moderate to substantial for the combined visual-statistical interpretation of (18)F-FDG-PET and was also significantly associated with automated quantitative assessment.
Localized watermarking: methodology and application to template mapping (2002)

The semiconductor industry has adopted the intellectual property (IP) business model as a dominant system-on-chip development platform. Since copyright fraud has been recognized as the most devastating obstruction to this model, a number of techniques for IP protection have been introduced. Most of them rely on a selection of a global solution to an optimization problem according to a unique user-specific digital signature. Although such techniques may provide convincing proof of authorship with little hardware overhead, they fail to protect design partitions, do not provide an easy procedure for watermark detection, and are not capable of detecting the watermark when the design or its part is augmented in another larger design. Since these demands are of the highest interest for the IP business, we introduce localized watermarking as an IP protection technique which enables these features while satisfying the demand for low-cost and transparency. We have applied the new watermarking technology to template mapping, a behavioral synthesis task. This watermarking method has been tested on a set of real-life benchmarks where high likelihood of authorship has been achieved with negligible overhead in solution quality.
Use of Epidural Steroids After Discectomy May Predispose to Infection (2000)

The use of perioperative epidural methylprednisolone in the currently reported cases was associated with three incidences of infection. A prospective study is needed to examine its use.
Energy Loss Structure of X-ray Photoelectron Spectra of MgO and α-Al2O3 (1999)

Experimental energy loss structures approximated by components at 11.3, 15.3, 18.3, and 23.2 eV for MgO and those at 14.5, 25.2, 35.3, and 49.9 eV for α-Al2O3 were compared with theoretical electron energy loss functions calculated from first principles using the full-potential linearized augmented plane wave method in the local density approximation. The electron energy loss functions, derived from the momentum matrix elements between Bloch functions, revealed that the experimental peaks at 23.2 eV for MgO and that at 25.2 eV for α-Al2O3 are due to bulk plasmon loss and the peak at 49.9 eV for α-Al2O3 is ascribed to the double losses of the plasmon excitation. The peaks at 11.3, 15.3, and 18.3 eV for MgO and those at 14.5 and 35.3 eV for α-Al2O3 result from the interband transitions from the valence band to the conduction band.
Immunologic studies of Japanese encephalitis virus in Japan. I. Antibody responses following overt infection of man. (1959)

Summary 1.The antibody response patterns of 99 patients with proved or presumed JE have been studied. Neutralizing and HI antibodies were found to appear early in the course of disease. Although maximal amounts of neutralizing antibody were generally attained by the first week after onset of symptoms, HI antibody tended to increase through the third post onset week. CF antibody, on the other hand, was not commonly detected in the first two weeks of disease, and was not uniformly demonstrable in all patients. When present, significant increases in CF antibody were commonly demonstrated after the third week of disease. 2.The significance of the dissociation in time of appearance of these antibody types, with particular reference to the practical problems of laboratory diagnosis of JE, is discussed. For routine diagnosis both CF and HI tests should be performed. The former is of greatest value when the initial serum is obtained relatively late after onset of disease. When this initial specimen is obtained within the first week of disease, the HI test provides the most rapid diagnosis. The neutralization test is of little diagnostic value because significant increases in titer are rarely demonstrable, and the test is time-consuming and expensive. 3.The residual neutralizing antibody 5 years after overt infection with JE was found to be the same titer as that observed at the time of infection. CF antibody, although not detectable after 5 years in the majority of individuals, still was present in approximately 25% of persons studied. HI antibody for the most part remained detectable, though the range of titers was lower than that seen immediately after infection.
Modelling of the Plasma Dynamics and Ion Heating in a Multimirror Trap (2005)

AbstractInvestigation of mechanism of plasma ions heating in a multimirror magnetic trap became actual due to the essential progress in experiments on GOL-3 facility at Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics.The mechanism of fast (in comparison with the Coulomb one) acceleration and heating of ions in a multimirror trap with injection of a powerful relativistic electron beam is discussed.
Effects of rolling process on microstructure and properties of Mg–Gd–0.75Er–0.5Zn–0.18Zr alloy (2022)

Mg-Gd-0.75Er-0.5Zn-0.18Zr alloy was subjected to conventional unidirectional rolling (UR) and cross-rolling (CR), and then annealed at 500°C for 30 min. The experimental results showed that the microstructure of the CR alloy sheet was mostly a fine and uniform equiaxial crystal structure. High degree of recrystallization occurred in both alloys after annealing, and the grains in CR alloy were finer and more uniform, and the texture strength of CR alloy was greatly weakened. The tensile strength of the alloys was reduced after high-temperature annealing, but the elongation was significantly increased, and the strength of the CR alloy sheets remained higher than that of the UR alloy sheets.
Alkyl-Capped Block Copolymer Surfactants for Remediation of Soil Water Repellency and Heterogeneous Rootzone Moisture (2007)

Abstract Soil water repellency (SWR) leads to nonwettable soils, heterogeneous rootzone moisture, reduced irrigation efficiency, leaching due to preferential flow, localized dry spots, and deterioration of turfgrass quality. Nonionic hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane (EO/PO triblock copolymers) copolymers are commonly employed to remediate SWR. To determine if molecular modification influenced remediation performance, C1–C4 alkyl ethers of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymers were produced through etherification of hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymers. ACA 1820, an alkyl ether of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer (MW approximately 2500) (applied monthly at 1.9 kg ha−1) reduced SWR and maintained quality at higher levels (p=0.05) for longer periods than the hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer or the control. Turf density in plots treated with the alkyl ether of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer was three-fold greater than the control and two-fold greater than in plots treated with the hydroxyl-terminated methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer. Rootzone moisture was more homogeneous in plots treated with ACA1820 than other treatments. Differences in visual turf quality were observed for up to nine months after the last application of the alkyl ether of methyl oxirane-oxirane copolymer. The observed effects are proposed to be due to interfacial interactions of the alkyl caps both in solution and at hydrophobic soil surfaces.
Mechanistic investigation of a Ru-catalyzed direct asymmetric reductive amination reaction for a batch or continuous process scale-up: an industrial perspective (2017)

Scale-up of a pharmaceutical process step <italic>via</italic> an experimental and model driven approach.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Drug Stability in Lipids, Modified Lipids, and Polyethylene Oxide‐Containing Formulations (2014)

Abstract Review: 44 refs.
Vaporizing Foil Actuator: Controlling the Pressure Pulse for Impulse Metalworking (2014)

Electrically-driven rapid vaporization of thin conductors produces a high-pressure pulse which can be used to accelerate thin metal sheets to high velocities. Recently, vaporizing foil actuators (VFA) have been applied toward a variety of impulse-based metalworking operations such as collision welding, closed-die forming, embossing, and shearing. To better apply VFA to different purposes, it is necessary to develop an understanding of how variations in the characteristics of the foil actuator affect its mechanical impulse generation. In this work, actuators made out of 0.0508, 0.0762, and 0.127 mm thick full hard temper AA1145 foil were used to launch 0.508 mm thick AA2024-T3 sheets toward a photonic Doppler velocimeter (PDV) probe. Launch velocities ranging between 300 and 1000 m/s were observed over a distance of less than 3 mm, and repeated trials demonstrated repeatable results. Velocity, current and voltage traces were used to examine the effect of deposited energy on average pressure and resulting velocity for foil actuators of various thicknesses. Experiments with annealed foil actuators showed that foil temper had no effect on the evolution of flyer velocity for the given electrical energy input of 8 kJ.
Antenna Selection in Keyhole Channels (2007)

This letter presents two results for antenna selection under keyhole condition. First, we analyze the capacity of the antenna-selection keyhole channel. We show that in an MtimesN system a small number of selected antennas can match the capacity of a baseline full-antenna system (baseline system has no feedback). Second, we formally prove the intuitive result, until now unproven, that antenna selection in the keyhole multiple-input multiple-output channel preserves the available diversity of the channel
Sex differences in Variability of Brain Structure Across the Lifespan (2019)

Abstract Several brain disorders exhibit sex differences in onset, presentation, and prevalence. Increased understanding of the neurobiology of sex-based differences across the lifespan can provide insight into potential disease risk and protective mechanisms. We focused on sex-related differences in variability, which may be indicative of both disease vulnerability and resilience. In n=3,069 participants, from 8-95 years of age, we first analyzed the variance ratio in females vs. males of cortical surface area and global and subcortical volumes for discrete brain regions, and found widespread greater variability in males. In contrast, variance in cortical thickness was similar for males and females. Multivariate analysis that accounts for structural covariance supported variance ratio findings. Findings were present from early life and stable with age. We then examined variability among brain regions by sex. We found significant age-by-sex interactions across neuroimaging metrics, whereby in very early life males had reduced among-region variability compared to females, while in very late life this was reversed. Overall, our findings of greater regional variability but less among-region variability in males in early life may aid our understanding of sex-based risk for neurodevelopmental disorders. In contrast, our findings in late life may provide a potential sex-based risk mechanism for dementia.
Hail to the Editor‐in‐Chief: Congratulatory wishes and special commentaries to Victor J. Hruby from both past and present students, postdoctoral fellows, visiting scientists, collaborators, colleagues and friends in peptide research (2005)

As the last of a trilogy of special tribute series honoring Editor‐in‐Chief Victor J. Hruby, this final published issue of the Journal of Peptide Research includes a collection of congratulatory wishes and special commentaries ( vide infra ) from a wide range of both academic and industrial scientists who have been influenced by him over the past several decades. Also, this tribute issue encompasses an appropriate blend of both invited and regular submission manuscripts to capture the traditional essence of the journal as championed by Victor and his editorial team during the times of Victor's reign as Editor‐in‐Chief of the Journal of Peptide Research .
Uncertainty-Aware Vehicle Orientation Estimation for Joint Detection-Prediction Models (2020)

Object detection is a critical component of a self-driving system, tasked with inferring the current states of the surrounding traffic actors. While there exist a number of studies on the problem of inferring the position and shape of vehicle actors, understanding actors' orientation remains a challenge for existing state-of-the-art detectors. Orientation is an important property for downstream modules of an autonomous system, particularly relevant for motion prediction of stationary or reversing actors where current approaches struggle. We focus on this task and present a method that extends the existing models that perform joint object detection and motion prediction, allowing us to more accurately infer vehicle orientations. In addition, the approach is able to quantify prediction uncertainty, outputting the probability that the inferred orientation is flipped, which allows for improved motion prediction and safer autonomous operations. Empirical results show the benefits of the approach, obtaining state-of-the-art performance on the open-sourced nuScenes data set.
De novo Biosynthesis of Salvianolic Acid B in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Engineered with the Rosmarinic Acid Biosynthetic Pathway (2022)

Salvianolic acid B (SAB), also named lithospermic acid B, belongs to a class of water-soluble phenolic acids, originating from plants such as <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>. SAB exhibits a variety of biological activities and has been clinically used to treat cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases and also has great potential as a health care product and medicine for other disorders. However, its biosynthetic pathway has not been completely elucidated. Here, we report the <i>de novo</i> biosynthesis of SAB in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> engineered with the heterologous rosmarinic acid (RA) biosynthetic pathway. The created pathway contains seven genes divided into three modules on separate plasmids, pRS424-FjTAL-Sm4CL2, pRS425-SmTAT-SmHPPR or pRS425-SmTAT-CbHPPR, and pRS426-SmRAS-CbCYP-CbCPR. These three modules were cotransformed into <i>S. cerevisiae</i>, resulting in the recombinant strains YW-44 and YW-45. Incubation of the recombinant strains in a basic medium without supplementing any substrates yielded 34 and 30 μg/L of SAB. The findings in this study indicate that the created heterologous RA pathway cooperates with the native metabolism of <i>S. cerevisiae</i> to enable the <i>de novo</i> biosynthesis of SAB. This provides a novel insight into a biosynthesis mechanism of SAB and also lays the foundation for the production of SAB using microbial cell factories.
Discovery of a Novel Class of Survival Motor Neuron 2 Splicing Modifiers for the Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy (2017)

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is caused by mutation or deletion of the survival motor neuron 1 (SMN1) gene, resulting in low levels of functional SMN protein. We have reported recently the identification of small molecules (coumarins, iso-coumarins and pyrido-pyrimidinones) that modify the alternative splicing of SMN2, a paralogous gene to SMN1, restoring the survival motor neuron (SMN) protein level in mouse models of SMA. Herein, we report our efforts to identify a novel chemotype as one strategy to potentially circumvent safety concerns from earlier derivatives such as in vitro phototoxicity and in vitro mutagenicity associated with compounds 1 and 2 or the in vivo retinal findings observed in a long-term chronic tox study with 3 at high exposures only. Optimized representative compounds modify the alternative splicing of SMN2, increase the production of full length SMN2 mRNA, and therefore levels of full length SMN protein upon oral administration in two mouse models of SMA.
From a drug repositioning to a structure-based drug design approach to tackle acute lymphoblastic leukemia (2023)

Cancer cells utilize the main de novo pathway and the alternative salvage pathway for deoxyribonucleotide biosynthesis to achieve adequate nucleotide pools. Deoxycytidine kinase is the rate-limiting enzyme of the salvage pathway and it has recently emerged as a target for anti-proliferative therapies for cancers where it is essential. Here, we present the development of a potent inhibitor applying an iterative multidisciplinary approach, which relies on computational design coupled with experimental evaluations. This strategy allows an acceleration of the hit-to-lead process by gradually implementing key chemical modifications to increase affinity and activity. Our lead compound, OR0642, is more than 1000 times more potent than its initial parent compound, masitinib, previously identified from a drug repositioning approach. OR0642 in combination with a physiological inhibitor of the de novo pathway doubled the survival rate in a human T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient-derived xenograft mouse model, demonstrating the proof-of-concept of this drug design strategy.
Effect of Electron Beam Radiolysis on Mechanical Properties of High Performance Polyimides. A Comparative Study of Transparent Polymer Films (2005)

The mechanical properties of four optically transparent polyimides prepared from the dianhydrides ODPA and 6FDA and the diamines ODA and DAB were assessed. The property changes when these polymers are subjected to high-energy electron-beam irradiation (1 MeV) for doses up to 18.5 MGy and temperatures up to 523 K were also studied and compared. The corresponding changes on radiolysis of Kapton are reported for comparison with the other polymers. The tensile properties of the four polyimides differed mainly by the nature of the dianhydride, with the ODPA polymers undergoing necking and cold drawing and the 6FDA polymers brittle fracture. The four polyimides were synthesized with the objective of obtaining optimum transparency for space applications where high-energy radiation doses of 15-20 MGy may be expected in geosynchronous orbits over a life span of 20 years. The polyimides were shown to maintain good optical and tensile properties at temperatures up to about 450 K for a dose of 18.5 MGy, but above this temperature the moduli of the polymers began to deteriorate and there was a small decrease in the transmittance of the exposed polymer films.
Effects of Oral Steroids on Blood CXCR3+ and CCR4 + T Cells in Patients with Bronchial Asthma (2001)

Corticosteroids are widely used in bronchial asthma, but their mechanism of action is not fully understood. The in vitro studies have proposed that human T helper cells, type 1 (Th1) favor expression of CXCR3, whereas Th2 cells favor CCR4. In this study we investigated whether oral prednisolone modulates the balance of peripheral blood CXCR3+ and CCR4+ T cells. We analyzed the T-cell subsets in 28 patients with stable atopic asthma and 13 normal control subjects before and after 2 wk of treatment with prednisolone, 20 mg/d, or placebo in a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. The numbers of CXCR3+ and CCR4+ memory T cells were measured with a flow cytometer, and expressed as percentages in CD4+/CD45RO+ memory T cells. In the steroid-treated asthma group, there was a decrease in CCR4+ T cells (from 29.3% to 20.3%, p < 0.0001), and an increase in CXCR3+/ CCR4+ ratio (from 1.86 to 2.89, p = 0.0047), whereas there was no change in CXCR3+ T cells. However, the percentages of CCR4+ cells did not change after steroid therapy in normal control subjects. These results suggest that short-term oral corticosteroid modulates the balances of CXCR3+ and CCR4+ cells in patients with asthma.
Rh‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Prochiral Olefins with a Dynamic Library of Chiral TROPOS Phosphorus Ligands. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Search for a Heavy Neutral Particle Decaying toeμ,eτ, orμτinppCollisions ats=8  TeVwith the ATLAS Detector (2015)

This Letter presents a search for a heavy neutral particle decaying into an opposite-sign different-flavor dilepton pair, ${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$, ${e}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$, or ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}{\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\ensuremath{\mp}}$ using $20.3\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{fb}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of $pp$ collision data at $\sqrt{s}=8\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The numbers of observed candidate events are compatible with the standard model expectations. Limits are set on the cross section of new phenomena in two scenarios: the production of ${\stackrel{\texttildelow{}}{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{\ensuremath{\tau}}$ in $R$-parity-violating supersymmetric models and the production of a lepton-flavor-violating ${Z}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ vector boson.