gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feasibly of CD24/CD11b as a Screening Test for Hematological Malignancies (2021)

An estimated 1.24 million blood cancer cases occur annually worldwide, accounting for approximately 6% of all cancer cases. Currently, there are no standardized hematology cancer screening tests that are recommended for the general population. CD24 is a mucin-like cell surface molecule and P-selectin ligand, which plays a significant role in the maturation of B-lymphocytes and was found to be overexpressed in a number of hematological malignancies. Our primary aim was to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the CD24/CD11b-based blood test for the detection of hematological malignancies. Our cohort included 488 subjects with positive hematological cancer diagnosis (<i>n</i> = 122) and healthy subjects (<i>n</i> = 366). CD24/CD11b expression in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) obtained from blood samples of participants was analyzed by flow cytometry. Our results demonstrated that the average levels of CD24/CD11b in healthy patients (21.7 ± 9.0) were statistically significantly lower compared to levels of CD24/CD11b in cancer patients (29.5 ± 18.7, <i>p</i> < 0.001). The highest levels of CD24/CD11b were found in multiple myeloma (39.1 ± 23.6), followed by chronic myeloid leukemia (33.0 ± 13.7) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (32.3 ± 13.3). The test had an overall sensitivity for hematologic cancers of 78.5% (95% CI, 70.7-86.3%) and specificity of 80.2% (95% CI, 76.1-84.3%). In conclusion, our findings indicate the feasibility of a CD24/CD11b-based blood test as a screening test of hematological malignancies.
References (1982)

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Nifedipine Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Dedifferentiation via Downregulation of Akt Signaling (2010)

Calcium is an essential signaling molecule that controls vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) contraction, proliferation, and differentiation. Here, we show that the calcium antagonist nifedipine inhibits VSMC dedifferentiation in vitro and in vivo. Differentiated VSMCs cultured on laminin-coated dishes were transferred to laminin-free dishes to induce dedifferentiation. Induction of dedifferentiation resulted in the upregulation of nonmuscle myosin heavy chain expression, a marker of dedifferentiation, and the downregulation of smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression, a marker of differentiation. Nifedipine significantly inhibited both the induction of these phenotypic changes and upregulation of Akt signaling in these cells. Administration of nifedipine at a low concentration that did not affect blood pressure could inhibit the increase in nonmuscle myosin heavy chain expression and decrease in smooth muscle myosin heavy chain expression in a rat balloon-injury model. Furthermore, nifedipine suppressed neointimal hyperplasia and upregulation of Akt signaling. However, phospho-Akt expression was not suppressed in the regenerating arterial endothelium of the nifedipine-treated rats. The inhibitory effect of the downregulation of Akt signaling by dominant-negative Akt on the induction of VSMC dedifferentiation in the intima was identical to that of nifedipine. In contrast, upregulation of Akt signaling by transfection of the cells with a constitutively active Akt reversed the nifedipine-induced inhibition of VSMC dedifferentiation. In conclusion, nifedipine inhibits VSMC dedifferentiation by suppressing Akt signaling, thereby preventing neointimal thickening.
Continuous-Flow Biomolecule Separation Through a 2D Periodic Array Based on a Glass Capillary-Well Motif (2016)

We demonstrate a novel artificial sieving matrix featuring thousands of 200-nm integrated glass capillaries for the continuous-flow separation of DNA and proteins. The sieving matrix is based on the capillary-well (CW) in which the self-enclosed glass nanocapillaries feature a cylindrical lumen realized through a unique process involving only standard photolithography.
Use of a permanent magnet in the synthetic antiferromagnet of a spin-valve (2002)

A spinvalve using a permanent magnet as the pinned layer in a synthetic antiferromagnet of a spinvalve is described here. Permanent magnet materials can have the following advantages over antiferromagnetic materials: superior corrosion resistance, a large switching field even at relatively high temperatures, and not needing a high temperature anneal to set its magnetic orientation. The giant magnetoresistance, high field switching, and switching at high temperatures was investigated for various spinvalves using the following film stacks as the pinned layer: CoCrPt (CCP); CCP\CoFe, CCP\Ru\CoFe; and CCP\CoFe\Ru\CoFe. It was found that a thin CoFe layer between the CCP and Cu and between the CCP and Ru enhances giant magnetoresistance and antiferromagnetic coupling, respectively. When the CCP is used in a synthetic antiferromagnet, the CCP coercivity increases compared to a single layer of CCP. The switching field of CCP at 425 °C is &amp;gt;1000 Oe, at the same temperature the switching field for an antiferromagnetic material is ∼0 Oe. If used in a magnetic readback head, the improved thermal stability may allow for larger bias currents and larger readback voltages.
Arthroscopic coracoplasty through the rotator interval (2003)

Coracoid impingement has been increasingly recognized as a cause of shoulder pain. Although most decompressive techniques involve open anterior surgery, the arthroscopic treatment of such impingement has only rarely been reported. In this report, the authors describe an intra-articular method of coracoplasty through the rotator interval. This method is easier to perform than a subacromial approach and allows appropriate orientation of the coracoplasty in the plane of the subscapularis tendon.
Influence of processing routes on morphology and low strain stiffness of polymer/nanofibrillated cellulose composites (2015)

The morphology of polymer/nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) composite sheets produced using different techniques and its influence on low strain stiffness were assessed by optical and transmission electron microscopy. Solvent processing led to relatively homogeneous NFC dispersions and significant reinforcement of the in-plane Young’s modulus. The continuous cellular networks obtained by wet comingling of polylactide powder or latex with NFC also provided efficient and essentially scale independent reinforcement, in spite of the extensive agglomeration of the NFC. However, the irreversible nature of these networks is incompatible with low pressure thermoplastic processing routes such as physical foaming, and while they may be broken up by e.g. extrusion, this led to substantial loss in reinforcement, particularly at temperatures above the glass transition temperature of the matrix, consistent with the observation of isolated low aspect ratio NFC aggregates in the extruded specimens.
LaAlO3 thickness window for electronically controlled magnetism at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces (2015)

Complex-oxide heterostructures exhibit rich physical behavior such as emergent conductivity, superconductivity, and magnetism that are intriguing for scientific reasons as well as for potential technological applications. It was recently discovered that in-plane magnetism at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (LAO/STO) interface can be electronically controlled at room temperature. Here, we employ magnetic force microscopy to investigate electronically controlled ferromagnetism at the LAO/STO interface with LAO thickness t varied from 4 unit cell (u.c.) to 40 u.c. Magnetic signatures are observed only within a thickness window 8 u.c. ≤ t ≤ 25 u.c. Within this window, the device capacitance corresponds well to the expected geometric value, while for thicknesses outside this window, the capacitance is strongly suppressed. The ability to modulate electronic and magnetic properties of LAO/STO devices depends on the ability to control carrier density, which is in turn constrained by intrinsic tunneling mechanisms.
Imaging laser radar performance assessment against various naturally occurring and manmade terrestrial objects (2002)

Summary form only given. Northrop Grumman (US) and Defense Evaluation and Research Agency (DERA) (UK) report upon a program to characterize the performance of its (OASYS) Obstacle Avoidance Imaging Laser Radar System against various terrestrial targets. High resolution laser radar images of various naturally occurring and manmade terrestrial objects were obtained and their properties measured. These objects include 1) wires of various diameter and reflectivity, 2) trees and vegetation, 3) large and small vertical objects including transmission towers and poles, 4) buildings and structures, and 5) various terrain types. OASYS can discriminate and identify objects against a complementary background. This allows realization of objects that cannot otherwise be seen using other active and passive detection systems.
The CI-FLOW Project: A System for Total Water Level Prediction from the Summit to the Sea (2011)

The objective of the Coastal and Inland Flooding Observation and Warning (CI-FLOW) project is to prototype new hydrometeorologic techniques to address a critical NOAA service gap: routine total water level predictions for tidally influenced watersheds. Since February 2000, the project has focused on developing a coupled modeling system to accurately account for water at all locations in a coastal watershed by exchanging data between atmospheric, hydrologic, and hydrodynamic models. These simulations account for the quantity of water associated with waves, tides, storm surge, rivers, and rainfall, including interactions at the tidal/surge interface. Within this project, CI-FLOW addresses the following goals: i) apply advanced weather and oceanographic monitoring and prediction techniques to the coastal environment; ii) prototype an automated hydrometeorologic data collection and prediction system; iii) facilitate interdisciplinary and multiorganizational collaborations; and iv) enhance techniques and technologies that improve actionable hydrologic/hydrodynamic information to reduce the impacts of coastal flooding. Results are presented for Hurricane Isabel (2003), Hurricane Earl (2010), and Tropical Storm Nicole (2010) for the Tar–Pamlico and Neuse River basins of North Carolina. This area was chosen, in part, because of the tremendous damage inflicted by Hurricanes Dennis and Floyd (1999). The vision is to transition CI-FLOW research findings and technologies to other U.S. coastal watersheds.
Immunoreactivity of Phage Library-derived Human Single-Chain Antibodies to Amyloid Beta Conformers In Vitro (2007)

The pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease involves conformational changes of A beta. A series of antibodies recognizing a distinct conformation of A beta (snapshot antibody) is useful for both understanding the mechanism of molecular conversion and identifying diagnostic and therapeutic reagents. As A beta with various conformations can be prepared in vitro under varying physicochemical conditions, snapshot antibodies can be isolated by directly binding to target molecules with antibody-displaying phages. We tested the feasibility of this idea. We show a feature of several A beta-reactive antibodies isolated from our human single-chain Fv antibody-phage library and particularly report the characteristics of an scFv clone, B6, selected from the fibrillar A beta 1-42-coated biopanning. B6 bound to fibrillar A beta 1-42 as well as globulomer A beta 1-42 but not to soluble A beta 1-42 or A beta 1-40. B6 inhibited A beta 1-42 fibril formation with 600 nM IC50 in spite of being the monovalent scFv form. Epitope analysis suggested that the binding site might be located at the beta2 sheet of the C-terminus of A beta 1-42. Although it is believed that N-terminus-recognizing antibodies tend to show the capability to inhibit A beta 1-42 fibrillation, B6 is the first human inhibitory antibody recognizing the C-terminus of A beta 1-42.
Hemibuckminsterfullerene C30H12: X‐ray Crystal Structures of the Parent Hydrocarbon and of the Two‐Dimensional Organometallic Network {[Rh2(O2CCF3)4]3⋅(C30H12)} (2004)

Metalle verbinden: Zwei C30-Kugelhälften durch Koordination ihrer konkaven Seiten an ein Monometall-Templat oder einen Metallcluster zusammenzubringen könnte der erste Schritt einer vielversprechenden Strategie für die gezielte Laborsynthese von endohedralen Fullerenkomplexen sein. Ein kristalliner Übergangsmetallkomplex mit einer entsprechenden Struktur (siehe Bild; Rh blau, O rot, C grau; H, F sind nicht gezeigt) wurde aus dem Hemibuckminsterfulleren C30H12 und [Rh2(O2CCF3)4] erhalten.
Daughter Ion Analysis (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
Mechanistic control over morphology: self-assembly of a discotic amphiphile in water (2013)

We report on the self-assembly of discotic amphiphiles that contain chelated gadolinium(iii) ions and are based on the C3-symmetrical benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxamide motif. Fluorescence spectroscopy, SAXS and cryo-TEM experiments demonstrate that a bimodal distribution of small and large aggregates is formed in a ratio that is dependent on the ionic strength. The results correlate with the previously reported degree of cooperativity of the polymerization mechanism, which increases with increasing NaCl concentration. Hence, by tuning the electrostatic interactions between the ligands at the periphery we can tune the cooperativity of the self-assembly. This tunability provides a versatile handle to adjust the size and shape of the discotic amphiphiles, which have potential as supramolecular MRI contrast agents.
Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclobutanones by a One‐Pot Keteniminium‐Enamine Process (2021)

Abstract Herein, we describe an effective one‐pot sequence for the regio‐ and stereoselective synthesis of highly substituted cyclobutanones. This process relies on first a [2+2] cycloaddition involving a keteniminium salt intermediate with an alkene followed by isomerization of the resulting cyclobutaniminium salt into its cyclic enamine form and then reaction of the latter with an electrophile. The adduct can be either hydrolyzed or reduced to give the corresponding cyclobutanone or cyclobutanamine, respectively, with excellent diastereocontrol. A variety of electrophiles was tolerated allowing the incorporation of diverse substituents and functionalities onto the cyclobutyl ring. Additionally, the coplanarity of diverse cyclic enamines was investigated through a DFT study.
Kinetics of Nonequilibrium Nanocrystal Monolayer Formation:  Deposition from Liquid Carbon Dioxide (2003)

We observe the time-dependent structural reorganization of monolayers of gold nanocrystals deposited from liquid carbon dioxide. Compressed carbon dioxide does not exhibit dewetting instabilities, allowing deposition of spatially continuous monolayers at fast evaporation rates. Comparison of the translational and orientational correlation functions and a translational order parameter with a computer simulated equilibrium state indicates that the nanocrystal organization kinetics are slower than single particle diffusion limited assembly and are likely dominated by ensemble reorganization.
JCI Activity on ISO Standard for Seismic Evaluation of Concrete Structures (2017)

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Rapid response electrochemical biosensor for detecting THC in saliva (2020)

Marijuana is listed as a Schedule I substance under the American Controlled Substances Act of 1970. As more U.S. states and countries beyond the U.S. seek legalization, demands grow for identifying individuals driving under the influence (DUI) of marijuana. Currently no roadside DUI test exists for determining marijuana impairment, thus the merit lies in detecting the primary and
Simulation of the Scattered Field From a Vibrating Tumor Inside the Tissue Using 3D-FDTD Method (2013)

A simulation method for calculating the scattered field from a small, vibrating breast tumor is given. The Volume Equivalence Principle together with subcell type finite difference time domain formulation is used for obtaining the scattered field from the tumor. The Doppler component of the scattered field is calculated using the simulation results for the undisplaced and the displaced positions of the tumor. The method is validated by comparing the results obtained on a sample problem with the results of a semi-analytical analysis.
The Sensitizing Effect of Estrogens and Catechol Estrogen on Cultured Pituitary Cells to Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone: Its Antagonism by Progestins* (1979)

The direct effect of steroid hormones upon LHRH-induced LH release was tested in cultured pituitary gonadotrophs. Anterior pituitary cells from adult ovariectomized rats were cultured for 2 days in the presence and absence of estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 2-hydroxyestrone (2-OHE1), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2-OHE2), progesterone (P), and 20α-dihydroprogesterone (20α-OHP). The cells were then washed and incubated for 3 h with graded doses of LHRH (10-12-10-6 M) and the LH released into the media was measured by RIA. A dose-related increase in LH secretion was observed with increasing concentrations of LHRH and, in control cultures, the half-maximal effective dose (ED50) of LHRH was 1.9 ± 0.6 × 10-9 M. Pretreatment with Ei or E2 (10-10-10-8 M) sensitized gonadotrophs to LHRH and caused a 10-fold decrease in the ED50. 2-OHE2 also exhibited a sensitizing effect, but it was less effective than E2 (2-OHE2: 10-10 M, no effect; 10-8 M, ED50, 2.5 ± 0.5 × 10-10 M). NO sensitizing effect was observed with E3 (10 8 M) and 2-OHE1 (10-8 M). P alone (10-8 and 10-8 M) did not affect the ED50 of LHRH in LH release; however, when pituitary cells were incubated with a combination of P and E2 (10-9 M), the sensitizing effect of E2 was antagonized. 20α-OHP (10-6 M) did not change the ED50 of LHRH, but decreased maximal LH production and antagonized the E2-induced sensitization to LHRH. Measurement of the intracellular content of LH together with the amount of LH released indicates that total LH synthesis was not affected by estradiol or P treatment. This study demonstrates the relative potency of estrogens and catechol estrogens (E2 = E1 > 2-0HE1; E3 and 2-OHE1, no effect) in sensitizing gonadotrophs to LHRH and shows that the sensitization effect of E2 is antagonized by P and 20α-OHP.
Carbon fiber reinforced composites proved to be very successful in construction during a quarter of a century (2016)

The application of carbon fiber reinforced polymers (CFRP) in civil engineering was before 1991 unknown. Therefore the authorities responsible for construction did not want to rely only on the laboratory experiments made in the 1980ties. They asked for the long-term structural health monitoring (SHM) of the pioneering CFRP applications. This was also in the interest of the involved R&amp;D community. The results of this SHM over the last quarter of a century proved the outstanding performance and reliability of CFRP in civil engineering
Receptor Specific Ligands for Spect Imaging (2003)

In the past funding period we have concentrated in developing new 99mTc labeled MIBG analogs. Basic chemistry of ligand synthesis, radiochemistry of Re and 99mTc complex formation, separation of stereoisomers and in vitro stability were investigated. We have prepared a number of new MIBG derivatives containing chelating moiety N2S2 and additional groups to increase lipophilicity. Unfortunately none of the new 99mTc labeled MIBG analogs showed promise as an imaging agent for myocardial neuronal function. Radioactive-iodine-labeled meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) is currently being used as an in vivo imaging agent to evaluate neuroendocrine tumors as well as the myocardial sympathetic nervous system in patients with myocardial infarct and cardiomyopathy. It is generally accepted that MIBG is an analog of norepinephrine and its uptake in the heart corresponds to the distribution of norepinephrine and the density of sympathetic neurons. A series of MIBG derivatives containing suitable chelating functional groups N2S2 for the formation of [Tcv0]+3N2S2 complex was successfully synthesized and the 99mTc-labeled complexes were prepared and tested in rats. One of the compounds, [99mTc]M2, tested showed significant, albeit lower, heart uptakes post iv injection in rats (0.18% dose/organ at 4 hours) as compared to [l25l]MIBG (1.4% dose/organ at 4 hours). The heart uptake of the 99mTc-labeled complex, [99mTc]M2, appears to be specific and can be reduced by coinjection with nonradioactive MIBG or by pretreatment with desipramine. a selective norepinephrine transporter inhibitor. Further evaluation of the in vitro uptake of [99mTc]M2 in cultured neuroblastoma cells displayed consistently lower, but measurable uptake (app. 10% of that for [125l]MlBG). These preliminary results suggested that the mechanisms of heart uptake of [99mTc]M2 may be related to those for [125l]MIBG uptake. To improve the heart uptake of the MIBG derivatives we have developed chemistry related to the preparation of new ligands, M4 and M5. The radiolabeling was successful, but the biodistribution of the new MIBG derivatives did not show any improvements in heart uptake. Our effort in this area has met with only limited success. Unfortunately, the new [99mTc]labeled MIBG derivatives showed lower uptake in the heart in biodistribution study.
A Dynamic Programming Approach to De Novo Peptide Sequencing via Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2001)

The tandem mass spectrometry fragments a large number of molecules of the same peptide sequence into charged prefix and suffix subsequences, and then measures mass/charge ratios of these ions. The de novo peptide sequencing problem is to reconstruct the peptide sequence from a given tandem mass spectral data of k ions. By implicitly transforming the spectral data into an NC-spectrum graph G=(V,E) where |V|=2k+2, we can solve this problem in O(|V|+|E|) time and O(|V|) space using dynamic programming. Our approach can be further used to discover a modified amino acid in O(|V||E|) time and to analyze data with other types of noise in O(|V||E|) time. Our algorithms have been implemented and tested on actual experimental data.
Efficient techniques for timing correction (2002)

Three computationally efficient methods (frontier motion, Shannon expansion, and Boolean distribution) for restructuring logic which fails to meet timing specifications are described. These techniques appear, at first glance, to be unrelated; however, it is shown that there is a deep underlying connection among them. These methods are used in IBM's LSS. The results of experiments that demonstrate that timing correction can be effectively performed on industrial examples in the context of a compiler-like logic synthesis system are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>