gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On Improving the Reliability of Internet Services through Active Replication (2008)

Fault tolerance can be defined as the capability of a system or a component to continue normal operation, despite the occurrence of a hardware or a software fault. Frameworks providing a fault tolerant service take advantage of resources' redundancy to provide high availability capabilities. One of the critical challenges that led to this work is the observation that the existing fault tolerance frameworks are not adapted to current and next generation Internet services. Indeed, they do not provide consistent service-aware failure recovery capabilities. Particularly, little interest has been granted to transport level awareness despite its important partaking in improving the reliability of connection oriented services and stateful devices. In this paper, we evaluate an active replication based framework for highly available Internet services. The proposed framework is fully client/server transparent. Performance evaluations show that it incurs minimal overhead to end-to-end conversations during failsafe periods and performs well during failures.
Hybrid fiber-coax access networks (1996)

As the communications industry moves rapidly toward open communication, it is introducing new, higher bandwidth services. Providers of communications services must develop new services while continuing to protect their existing revenue. The HFC-2000™ broadband access system, a cost-effective, full service network solution, was designed to address these competitive needs. This paper describes the technology and performance of hybrid fiber-coax (HFC) systems in general and the powerful paradigms offered by the HFC-2000 system.
Exploration of organic superionic glassy conductors by process and materials informatics with lossless graph database (2022)

Abstract Data-driven material exploration is a ground-breaking research style; however, daily experimental results are difficult to record, analyze, and share. We report a data platform that losslessly describes the relationships of structures, properties, and processes as graphs in electronic laboratory notebooks. As a model project, organic superionic glassy conductors were explored by recording over 500 different experiments. Automated data analysis revealed the essential factors for a remarkable room temperature ionic conductivity of 10 −4 –10 −3 S cm −1 and a Li + transference number of around 0.8. In contrast to previous materials research, everyone can access all the experimental results, including graphs, raw measurement data, and data processing systems, at a public repository. Direct data sharing will improve scientific communication and accelerate integration of material knowledge.
Automatic text summarization and small-world networks (2011)

Automatic text summarization is an important and challenging problem. Over the years, the amount of text available electronically has grown exponentially. This growth has created a huge demand for automatic methods and tools for text summarization. We can think of automatic summarization as a type of information compression. To achieve such compression, better modelling and understanding of document structures and internal relations is required. In this article, we develop a novel approach to extractive text summarization by modelling texts and documents as small-world networks. Based on our recent work on the detection of unusual behavior in text, we model a document as a one-parameter family of graphs with its sentences or paragraphs defining the vertex set and with edges defined by Helmholtz's principle. We demonstrate that for some range of the parameters, the resulting graph becomes a small-world network. Such a remarkable structure opens the possibility of applying many measures and tools from social network theory to the problem of extracting the most important sentences and structures from text documents. We hope that documents will be also a new and rich source of examples of complex networks.
Two-dimensional block based physical modeling with the functional transformation method (2005)

The functional transformation method (FTM) is a mathematical founded method for the solution of multi-dimensional initial boundary value problems. It is based on suitable problem-specific integral transformations, that yield a transfer function model (TFM) in both space and time frequency domain. This TFM can be discretized and, after inverse transformation, realized on computer hardware. The boundary conditions are so far inherently included in the solution. Slight changes in type or form always require a complete reanalysis. Therefore in this paper a new block-based approach for two-dimensional regions is presented, where the complete model is subdivided into smaller regions. These smaller models are solved independently with the FTM and are merged again in the discrete system. The complete procedure is demonstrated and illustrated with the two-dimensional wave equation.
Catalytic activity of modified silicates: I. Dehydration of ethanol catalysed by acidic sepiolite (1987)

Abstract The kinetics of the dehydration of ethanol on acidic Al 3+ -exchanged sepiolite has been studied. The product distribution indicates that the formation of diethylether and ethylene takes place by a series of consecutive and parallel reactions. A mechanism for the formation of both products has been derived by studying the influence of different operational variables on the reaction rates.
Dynamics of a Ferromagnetic Suspension System (1986)

A theoretical model for the study of nonlinear dynamics of a ferromagnetic suspension system is presented. The system analyzed consists of a single electromagnet, a suspended mass, and a control system to maintain the mass in a levitated position. The system, studied as a paradigm for a rotational magnetic bearing, can be described by a set of three first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations. First, the well-known, open-loop instability is confirmed and then, it is shown that the closed-loop suspension system with a full-state feedback controller possesses interesting properties. In particular, it is shown that the system cannot be stable without velocity feedback and that the controller introduces an additional equilibrium point in the state space which is unstable.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS. 13. 3,3,6,9,9‐PENTAMETHYL‐2,10‐DIAZABICYCLO(4.4.0)DEC‐1‐ENE AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES (1979)

Abstract Das Nitril (IID ‐ zugänglich aus (I) unddem Olefinbromid (ID ‐ wird in das Amidinhydrochlorid (IV) °HCl übergeführt, das beim Erhitzen zu dem sehr reaktiven Diazabicyclodecen(V) cyclisiert.
Dual n- and p-Type Dopable Electrochromic Devices Employing Transparent Carbon Nanotube Electrodes (2009)

We report on the use of highly transmissive single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films as electrodes in electrochromic devices that employ a dual n- and p-type dopable donor−acceptor polymer, poly[5,8-bis-(3-dihydro-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxin-5-yl)-2,3-diphenyl-pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine], or poly(bisEDOT-PyrPyr-Hx2). This low bandgap polymer is capable of repeated, stable electrochemical cycling between a neutral form and both an oxidized, p-doped state and a reduced, n-doped state. The ability of this electrochromic material to exhibit a stable n-type doped state enabled the construction of an absorptive/transmissive dual-window electrochromic device showing optical changes over a broad energy range—from the mid-infrared to the visible region. This absorptive/transmissive dual polymer electrochromic device is unique in that it exhibits electrochromism utilizing the same polymer as both the cathodically and anodically coloring material. Infrared electrochromic behavior was achieved with the use of SWNT films due to their high transmissivity in the near to mid-IR (1−3 μm). Initial results studying the long-term redox switching stability of the absorptive/transmissive poly(bisEDOT-PyrPyr-Hx2) ECD demonstrate that the system can be repeatedly cycled (>2,000 cycles) and maintain a high optical contrast in the near-infrared (32% at 2000 nm).
Large-Capacity Compact Optical Buffer Based on InP Integrated Phased-Array Switch and Coiled Fiber Delay Lines (2010)

Optical buffering has been one of the major technical challenges in realizing optical packet switching (OPS) routers. While fiber-delay-line-based (FDL) buffers are the most practical and realistic solution to offer useful amount of capacity, the bulkiness of long FDLs and optical switches has been the main obstacle to practical implementation. This paper demonstrates a compact optical buffer with up to 750-ns capacity and 50-ns temporal resolution by using an InP integrated 1×16 optical phased-array switch and compact FDL module based on thin-cladding highly nonlinear fiber (HNLF). Owing to the high mode confinement inside HNLF, 15 fibers with the total length of 1.2 km are coiled onto a single bobbin with a coin-sized footprint without increasing the propagation loss. At the interface between the InP switch and FDLs, a pitch-converting silica planar-lightwave circuit chip is employed to achieve 16-port simultaneous uniform interconnection. Using the developed module, variable optical buffering experiment is demonstrated, where the packet intervals are expanded from 20 to 70 ns successfully.
Evaluation and suitability of biomaterials for modified atmosphere packaging of fresh salmon fillets (2011)

Abstract An evaluation of the suitability of commercially available biopolymers on the shelf‐life of fresh salmon fillet was done. The comparison included two different types of biomaterials, poly lactic acid (PLA)‐based and starch‐based materials, and two traditional materials, amorphous polyethylene terephthalate/polyethylene (APET/PE) and high‐density polyethylene (HDPE). Fresh salmon fillets were stored at 4°C in modified atmosphere (60% CO 2 and 40% N 2 ) for 5, 7, 9 and 14 days. The biomaterials have been briefly evaluated with respect to composition and mechanical properties. The effect of different packaging materials on bacterial growth, off‐odour, pH and colour was investigated. The traditional materials (APET/PE and HDPE trays) offered the best protection regarding the bacterial growth. A relatively high level (log 6 CFU/g) of total viable counts was detected after 9 days and 14 days for fillets stored in biomaterials and traditional materials, respectively. The level of lactic acid bacteria and H 2 S producing bacteria followed almost the same pattern. Storage in traditional materials resulted in higher intensity of freshness (fresh odour) compared with the samples stored in biomaterials; after 14 days, the salmon stored in starch‐based pouches was regarded as having lower intensity of freshness compared with APET/PE trays and PLA‐based pouches. The opposite result was obtained regarding the colour of the salmon, where the biomaterials resulted in higher intensity of fresh colour compared with the traditional materials although the surface of the salmon at the end of the experiment was dry and unpleasant. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Methods of making and inspecting a web of vitreous lithium sulfide separator sheet and lithium electrode assemblies (2023)

A lithium ion-conductive solid electrolyte including a freestanding inorganic vitreous sheet of sulfide-based lithium ion conducting glass is capable of high performance in a lithium metal battery by providing a high degree of lithium ion conductivity while being highly resistant to the initiation and/or propagation of lithium dendrites. Such an electrolyte is also itself manufacturable, and readily adaptable for battery cell and cell component manufacture, in a cost-effective, scalable manner. An automated machine based system, apparatus and methods assessing and inspecting the quality of such vitreous solid electrolyte sheets, electrode sub-assemblies and lithium electrode assemblies can be based on spectrophotometry and can be performed inline with fabricating the sheet or web (e.g., inline with drawing of the vitreous Li ion conducting glass) and/or with the manufacturing of associated electrode sub-assemblies and lithium electrode assemblies and battery cells.
Checksums and the internet (2001)

This dissertation examines errors above the link layer in data communications networks. Specifically we study the network and transport layers of the Internet protocol suite. The focus of our study is error-detecting codes (EDCs), such as checksums and cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs); how often those EDCs are called upon to detect errors, and how well they perform that task. 
As a framework for the empirical work in the thesis, we develop a formal description of how to compare and rank different EDCs. We show that currently deployed EDCs (the 16-bit TCP checksum, and the alternate Fletcher checksum) should come close to the ideal of 1 in 216 undetected errors. 
We present herein a set of simulation studies for existing EDCs which show that in practice these EDCs do not approach the expected ideal results. Our analysis shows that the cause is self-correlation of the input data. In this case, relocating the checksum value to the end of the packet gives a significant improvement. 
Errors captured from live networks are also examined. We present a new method for capturing both damaged packets from real-life networks and subsequent retransmissions of the damaged packets. This method meets privacy and confidentiality constraints on interception of real-life user data. A significant body of errors was captured at four representative sites. This data is described, summarized, and analyzed. Comparison of the damaged packets and the undamaged retransmissions yields information on the kinds and causes of errors which occur above the link layer. 
Our data provides strong evidence that errors above the link-layer are due to a variety of causes, which include bad memory in intermediate routers, and bugs in end-host hardware or software which are outside the protection of link-level error checks. For the real-life captured errors, we find CRCs are little or no better than additive checksums of the same size. Our data shows that the datapath between packet buffers and on-NIC CRC hardware is a significant source of errors. We conclude that reliable data communication should use end-to-end error checks. Strongly reliable communication should use an application-level end-to-end check that also covers the packet-buffer-to-NIC datapath.
Nitric Oxide Suppresses the Expression of Bcl-2 Binding Protein BNIP3 in Hepatocytes (2001)

Nitric oxide (NO) is not only an important signaling molecule, but it also regulates the expression of a number of genes in the liver. We have previously shown that apoptosis in hepatocytes exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha and actinomycin D is prevented by NO derived from the inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS), by mechanisms that are both dependent on and independent of modulation of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) subsequent to activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC). We hypothesize that one mechanism by which NO exerts these effects is by regulating the expression of genes involved in apoptosis. We used differential display-polymerase chain reaction to isolate NO-regulated genes in hepatocytes from iNOS knockout mice (to eliminate endogenous inducible NO production). Using this analysis, we identified a NO-suppressed gene fragment homologous with the pro-apoptotic Bcl-2 binding protein BNIP3. Northern analysis confirmed the NO-dependent suppression of BNIP3 in cultured cells. Similarly, the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-dl-penicillamine (1-1000 microm) down-regulated the expression of BNIP3 in both iNOS knockout and wild-type hepatocytes. This effect of NO was reversed by the sGC inhibitor 1H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole[4,3-a]quinoxalon-1-one (ODQ),suggesting the involvement of the sGC/cGMP pathway in the modulation of BNIP3 by NO. We propose that suppression of BNIP3 expression is one sGC/cGMP-dependent mechanism by which NO might affect the process of hepatocyte apoptosis.
Global Demethylation of Rat Chondrosarcoma Cells after Treatment with 5-Aza-2′-Deoxycytidine Results in Increased Tumorigenicity (2009)

Abnormal patterns of DNA methylation are observed in several types of human cancer. While localized DNA methylation of CpG islands has been associated with gene silencing, the effect that genome-wide loss of methylation has on tumorigenesis is not completely known. To examine its effect on tumorigenesis, we induced DNA demethylation in a rat model of human chondrosarcoma using 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. Rat specific pyrosequencing assays were utilized to assess the methylation levels in both LINEs and satellite DNA sequences following 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. Loss of DNA methylation was accompanied by an increase in invasiveness of the rat chondrosarcoma cells, in vitro, as well as by an increase in tumor growth in vivo. Subsequent microarray analysis provided insight into the gene expression changes that result from 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine induced DNA demethylation. In particular, two genes that may function in tumorigenesis, sox-2 and midkine, were expressed at low levels in control cells but upon 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment these genes became overexpressed. Promoter region DNA analysis revealed that these genes were methylated in control cells but became demethylated following 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine treatment. Following withdrawal of 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine, the rat chondrosarcoma cells reestablished global DNA methylation levels that were comparable to that of control cells. Concurrently, invasiveness of the rat chondrosarcoma cells, in vitro, decreased to a level indistinguishable to that of control cells. Taken together these experiments demonstrate that global DNA hypomethylation induced by 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine may promote specific aspects of tumorigenesis in rat chondrosarcoma cells.
Film morphology of solution-processed regioregular ternary conjugated polymer solar cells under processing additive stress (2017)

In comparison with many reported high-efficiency polymer solar cells, only 0.5% (v/v) additive is necessary to optimize a polymer/fullerene (PSFSiF/PC<sub>71</sub>BM) system, and the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was boosted from 2.4% to 8.0%.
Bandwidth-enhanced photopolymer waveguide hologram-based optical backplane (2005)

As multiprocessing comes into the mainstream, the board-to-board interconnects become even more critical. In a shared-memory multiprocessing system, the shared bus topology is the preferred interconnect scheme because its broadcast nature can be effectively utilized to reduce communication latency, lessen networking complexity, and support cache coherence. In the electrical domain, however, a major performance bottleneck is anticipated due to the restricted bus bandwidth. In this paper, an innovative architecture, optical centralized shared bus, is proposed for use in the multiprocessing systems. This architecture utilizes the terascale bandwidth capacity of substrate-guided optical interconnects, while at the same time, retaining the essential merits of the shared bus topology. Thus, a smooth migration with substantial multiprocessing performance improvement is expected. A conceptual emulation of the shared-memory multiprocessing scheme is demonstrated on a generic PCI subsystem with an optical centralized shared bus. The objective of this effort is to prove the technical feasibility from the architecture standpoint.
Movement Therapy in Advanced Heart Failure Assisted by a Lightweight Wearable Robot: A Feasibility Pilot Study (2022)

This feasibility pilot trial provides first indications that a robotic exoskeleton-assisted mobilization of patients with advanced heart failure is safe, feasible, well-tolerated, and well-accepted. The results are highly encouraging to further pursue this innovative approach in rehabilitation programmes. This trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04839133.
A Simple Method for Controlling Dendritic Architecture and Diversity:  A Parallel Monomer Combination Approach (2000)

A novel parallel monomer combination approach to manipulating the architectural disposition of dendritic macromolecules is described. It harnesses the synthetic speed and power of the double-stage convergent growth approach and classical parallel synthesis to prepare diverse series of dendrimers that possess a predetermined number and arrangement of "internal" functional moieties. This methodology is applied for the preparation of a novel family of poly(benzyl ether) dendrimers possessing 1-15 "internal" allyloxy groups, which are displayed in a highly controlled, layer-specific, generational manner.
PEPPeR, a Platform for Experimental Proteomic Pattern Recognition (2006)

Quantitative proteomics holds considerable promise for elucidation of basic biology and for clinical biomarker discovery. However, it has been difficult to fulfill this promise due to over-reliance on identification-based quantitative methods and problems associated with chromatographic separation reproducibility. Here we describe new algorithms termed "Landmark Matching" and "Peak Matching" that greatly reduce these problems. Landmark Matching performs time base-independent propagation of peptide identities onto accurate mass LC-MS features in a way that leverages historical data derived from disparate data acquisition strategies. Peak Matching builds upon Landmark Matching by recognizing identical molecular species across multiple LC-MS experiments in an identity-independent fashion by clustering. We have bundled these algorithms together with other algorithms, data acquisition strategies, and experimental designs to create a Platform for Experimental Proteomic Pattern Recognition (PEPPeR). These developments enable use of established statistical tools previously limited to microarray analysis for treatment of proteomics data. We demonstrate that the proposed platform can be calibrated across 2.5 orders of magnitude and can perform robust quantification of ratios in both simple and complex mixtures with good precision and error characteristics across multiple sample preparations. We also demonstrate de novo marker discovery based on statistical significance of unidentified accurate mass components that changed between two mixtures. These markers were subsequently identified by accurate mass-driven MS/MS acquisition and demonstrated to be contaminant proteins associated with known proteins whose concentrations were designed to change between the two mixtures. These results have provided a real world validation of the platform for marker discovery.
Insertion with Long Target Duplication:A Novel Mechanism for Bacterial Gene Mobility Suggested from Genome Comparison (1999)

One of the surprising conclusions that may be drawn from the complete sequences of bacterial genomes is that genes for restriction modification enzymes — everyday tools of molecular biologists — may represent a form of life, just as transposons and viruses [2]. Some of the restriction modification (RM) gene complexes appear to play an important role in shaping the bacterial genome.