gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: BIOGENETIC‐TYPE SYNTHESIS OF PENICILLIN‐CEPHALOSPORIN ANTIBIOTICS PART 1, A STEREOCONTROLLED SYNTHESIS OF THE PENAM‐ AND CEPHEM‐RING SYSTEMS FROM AN ACYCLIC TRIPEPTIDE EQUIVALENT (1975)

Abstract Aus dem Dehydroalaninester (Ia) wird über die Stufen (Ib) und (IIa) die Säure (IIb) dargestellt, aus der die Derivate (IIc) bzw. (IId) zugänglich sind.
Effect of Changing Molecular End Groups on Surface Properties:  Synthesis and Characterization of Poly(styrene-b-semifluorinated isoprene) Block Copolymers with −CF2H End Groups (2000)

Poly(styrene-b-semifluorinated isoprene) block copolymers with −CF2H-terminated side groups were synthesized by the esterification reaction of a poly(styrene-b-hydroxylated 1,2-/3,4-isoprene) block copolymer with semifluorinated acid chlorides. Two distinct first-order transitions were observed by DSC measurements in the resulting block copolymers at temperatures below the glass transition of polystyrene. The transition temperatures of the longer fluorocarbon units (10 −CF2− units) were found to be higher than the shorter fluorocarbon units (eight −CF2− units). By comparing the block copolymers having −CF3 end groups with those with −CF2H end groups, it was found that both the thermal behavior and surface properties are significantly affected by the terminal group of the semifluorinated side chains in the block copolymer. NEXAFS spectroscopy reveals that, although the surface coverage by semifluorinated groups is roughly the same regardless of whether the ends are −CF2H or −CF3, the orientational order of the −CF2H surfaces is significantly poorer than that of the −CF3 surfaces. After long-term water exposure the −CF2H surfaces were observed to reconstruct to more hydrophilic ones even though the analogous polymers with −CF3-terminated semifluorinated side chains were quite stable. The ease of surface reconstruction is probably related to the relatively poor orientation order of the polymers with −CF2H end groups as determined by NEXAFS.
Induction of Multinucleated Giant Cell Formation from In Vitro Culture of Human Monocytes with Interleukin-3 and Interferon-γ: Comparison with Other Stimulating Factors (1992)

One of the hallmarks of the granulomatous response to infection is the formation of multinucleated giant cells (MGC.) In an effort to study MGC, we examined the fusion-promoting effects of a variety of stimulating factors on human peripheral blood monocytes cultured on plastic surfaces in serum-supplemented media. MGC formation was minimally to moderately enhanced by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma), interleukin (IL)-3, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (1,25-(OH)2D3), retinoic acid (RA), and IL-6. IL-4 (which has been reported to promote MGC formation from murine macrophages) had an inhibitory effect. IFN-gamma was not required for MGC formation but it significantly increased the fusion-promoting activity of GM-CSF, 1,25-(OH)2D3, RA, and IL-6, IL-3, a hematopoietic growth factor, has been recently shown to induce osteoclast formation from murine bone marrow mononuclear cells. The most striking effect was seen with the combination of IL-3 and IFN-gamma. Fusion index is defined as a percentage of nuclei found within MGC, and an index of 67% at 1 wk was found. The formation of some very large cells with 50 to 100 nuclei was noted. Both Langhans' and foreign-body type cells were seen. Transmission electron micrographs clearly demonstrate the absence of plasma membrane between nuclei. Induction of MGC from peripheral human blood monocytes by IL-3 and IFN-gamma provides an in vitro system for the study of the formation and function of these cells.
Augmentation Devices for Rotator Cuff Repair (2011)

Rotator cuff tears affect 40% or more of those over age 60 and are a common cause of pain and disability. Surgical repairs have high failure rates that range from 20 to 90%. Currently, scaffolds derived from various natural and synthetic biomaterials are being marketed as augmentation devices for rotator cuff repairs at the time of surgery 1–3. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has cleared these devices “to support soft tissues where weakness exists” but not “to provide the full mechanical strength for the tendon repair”. Based on the mechanical connotation of their intended use, it is commonly believed that when applied appropriately, these devices may provide some degree of load sharing of forces across the tendon repair site and thus decrease the likelihood of tendon re-tear.
Response to: Confidence in the ATTUNE Knee is Driven by Real-World Scientific Evidence: Response to Bonutti et al. Article (2017)

In a letter to clinicians dated June 14, 2017 (“the DePuy Letter”),[1] Dr. Daniel Funk (US Franchise Medical Director for DePuy Synthes) and Mr. Joshua Bridgens (EMEA Franchise Medical Director for DePuy Synthes) wrote a four-page commentary on the article published in the Journal of Knee Surgery using terms such as “inaccurate” and “misleading” and provided 19 references to support their letter.[2] [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] [13] [14] [15] [16] [17] [18] [19] [20] This is a response to this DePuy commentary.
Comparative analysis of proteomic profiles between endometrial caruncular and intercaruncular areas in ewes during the peri-implantation period (2013)

The endometrium of sheep consists of plenty of raised aglandular areas called caruncular (C), and intensely glandular intercaruncular areas (IC). In order to better understand the endometrium involved mechanisms of implantation, we used LC-MS/MS technique to profile the proteome of ovine endometrial C areas and IC areas separately during the peri-implantation period, and then compared the proteomic profiles between these two areas. We successfully detected 1740 and 1813 proteins in C areas and IC areas respectively. By comparing the proteome of these two areas, we found 170 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (P < 0.05), functional bioinformatics analysis showed these DEPs were mainly involved in growth and remodeling of endometrial tissue, cell adhesion and protein transport, and so on. Our study, for the first time, provided a proteomic reference for elucidating the differences between C and IC areas, as an integrated function unit respectively, during the peri-implantation period. The results could help us to better understand the implantation in the ewes. In addition, we established a relatively detailed protein database of ovine endometrium, which provide a unique reference for further studies.
Energy codes and market transformation in the Northwest: A fresh look (1998)

Energy codes have played a significant role in energy efficiency program efforts in the Pacific Northwest region. In many ways, experience with energy codes efforts has shaped the vision of how market transformation can work at a regional level. Traditionally, the relationship between energy codes and market transformation has been viewed in the context of energy codes as an exit strategy for specific ventures. In reality, experience in the Northwest indicates a more complicated relationship. In order to explore this relationship, the Northwest Energy Efficiency Alliance funded a project to take a fresh look at the interaction of market transformation efforts and energy codes over the next ten years. The results from that project suggest a new way of looking at the interaction of codes and market transformation is needed. Findings from the study indicate that energy codes can and should be viewed as both an important component of market ventures and as an important target market on its own. A model for viewing the energy code market is proposed as well as examples of proposed market intervention ventures. Energy codes also interact with other market ventures in complex and important ways even if they are not the designated exitmore » strategy.« less
Data from First-in-Human Trial of a Novel Anti-Trop-2 Antibody-SN-38 Conjugate, Sacituzumab Govitecan, for the Treatment of Diverse Metastatic Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132) is an antibody–drug conjugate (ADC) targeting Trop-2, a surface glycoprotein expressed on many epithelial tumors, for delivery of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. This phase I trial evaluated this ADC as a potential therapeutic for pretreated patients with a variety of metastatic solid cancers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; Sacituzumab govitecan was administered on days 1 and 8 of 21-day cycles, with cycles repeated until dose-limiting toxicity or progression. Dose escalation followed a standard 3 + 3 scheme with 4 planned dose levels and dose delay or reduction allowed.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; Twenty-five patients (52–60 years old, 3 median prior chemotherapy regimens) were treated at dose levels of 8 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 7), 10 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 6), 12 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 9), and 18 (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3) mg/kg. Neutropenia was dose limiting, with 12 mg/kg the maximum tolerated dose for cycle 1, but too toxic with repeated cycles. Lower doses were acceptable for extended treatment with no treatment-related grade 4 toxicities and grade 3 toxicities limited to fatigue (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 3), neutropenia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 2), diarrhea (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1), and leukopenia (&lt;i&gt;n&lt;/i&gt; = 1). Using CT-based RECIST 1.1, two patients achieved partial responses (triple-negative breast cancer, colon cancer) and 16 others had stable disease as best response. Twelve patients maintained disease control with continued treatment for 16 to 36 weeks; 6 survived 15 to 20+ months. No preselection of patients based on tumor Trop-2 expression was done.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Sacituzumab govitecan had acceptable toxicity and encouraging therapeutic activity in patients with difficult-to-treat cancers. The 8 and 10 mg/kg doses were selected for phase II studies. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 21(17); 3870–8. ©2015 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Scintillation Properties of Praseodymium Activated ${\rm Lu}_{3}{\rm Al}_{5}{\rm O} _{12}$ Single Crystals (2008)

Scintillation properties of LuAG:Pr grown by Furukawa Co. Ltd., Japan, have been studied. The best crystals display light outputs up to 19000 ph/MeV and an energy resolution of 4.6% at 662 keV. The scintillation yield is found to be a function of size and temperature of the sample; it can be enhanced by 40% upon heating to 450 K. Radioluminescence spectra show both <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">f</i> transitions of Pr <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ions; the contribution of the latter increases with temperature. The scintillation decays are complex, with a fast decay constant of 20 ns. The presence of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">176</sup> Lu induces high background activity.
A new approach for determining optimal paths in a dynamic 2D environment using monotone framed-octrees (2002)

This paper proposes a new approach for determining optimal obstacle-avoiding paths in a dynamic 2D environment. The dynamic 2D environment is first mapped to a static 3D space-time workspace, represented by a monotone framed-octree (MF-octree). Based on interesting data structural and computational geometric techniques, our approach propagates a diamond-shaped path planning wave through the MF-octree in an accurate and efficient manner. In particular, for an obstacle-free leaf node F (called an MF-octant) of size n/sup 3/ (containing O(n/sup 3/) unit cells), we need to search only O(n/sup 2/) unit cells to propagate the wave through F. Our approach is much more efficient than other commonly used cell-decomposition methods while achieving at least the same level of accuracy. To model the optimality of the paths, we use a general cost function that relates the movements through space and time. Thus, time-optimal and distance-optimal paths are special cases of optimal paths based on this cost function.
Nonequilibrium charge carriers recombination, diffusion peculiarities, and bleaching in InGaAs(P) epitaxial layers (1993)

The method of picosecond laser induced grating (LIG) was used for investigation of non- equilibrium charge carriers (NCC) dynamics in the epitaxial layers of InGaAsP and InGaAs. The carriers recombination time (tau) <SUB>R</SUB> and diffusion coefficient D<SUB>a</SUB> have been determined. The influence of bleaching on the revealed values is discussed.
Impact of Body Mass Index on Ultrawideband MIMO BAN Channels—Measurements and Statistical Model (2018)

Wireless body area networks (BANs) have many important applications such as wearable communication devices and Internet of Things. Wireless propagation in on-body channels has been measured and modeled in the past. However, a crucial element that is usually ignored is the impact of the body size of the user-a 50-kg person obviously creates a different on-body channel than a 150-kg person. The status-quo “one-size-fits-all” approach to channel characterization in BAN is thus incomplete. In this paper, we provide a detailed description of a propagation measurement campaign that employs a self-developed 4 × 4 ultrawideband multiple-input-multiple-output array channel sounding system to perform BAN channel sounding both in an anechoic chamber and indoor laboratory environments. A total of 60 human subjects were investigated in our work. These human subjects had widely varying body mass index (BMI) values, which were grouped into three different categories, i.e., 20 per BMI category. Various propagation properties such as path gain, frequency-decay factor, shadowing gain, rms delay spread, amplitude fading, and spatial correlation are extracted for each on-body channel under consideration. A comparison of statistics among the BMI categories reveals considerable differences, emphasizing the fact that the aforementioned propagation properties are BMI dependent. Parameters such as path gain showed a monotonic decrease across the BMI categories with values ranging from 1-2 to almost 13 dB in some channels. This paper proposes a propagation channel model for the BMI-dependent parameters and validates that it can reproduce the measured channel capacities.
Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Lithium Nickel Oxide-Based Particles Used in High Power Lithium-Ion Cells (2003)

Structural and electronic investigations were conducted on lithium nickel oxide-based particles used in positive electrodes of 18650-type high-power Li-ion cells. K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed trivalent Ni and Co ions in the bulk powder used to prepare the high power electrode laminates. Using oxygen K-edge XAS, high resolution electron microscopy, nanoprobe diffraction, and electron energy-loss spectroscopy, we identified a thick modified layer on the surface of the oxide particles, which results from the loss of Ni and Li ordering in the layered structure. This structural change was accompanied by oxygen loss and a lowering of the Ni- and Co-oxidation states in the surface layer. Growth of this surface layer may contribute to the impedance rise observed during accelerated aging of these Li-ion cells. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Enhancement of whole cell dioxygenase biotransformations of haloarenes by toxic ionic liquids (2014)

Enhancement of whole-cell dioxygenase biotransformations using hydrophobic ILs as substrate reservoirs and hydrophilic ILs as inhibitors of cellular respiration processes.
Automated cleansing for spend analytics (2005)

The development of an aggregate view of the procurement spend across an enterprise using transactional data is increasingly becoming a very important and strategic activity. Not only does it provide a complete and accurate picture of what the enterprise is buying and from whom, it also allows it to consolidate suppliers, as well as negotiate better prices. The importance, as well as the complexity, of this cleansing exercise is further magnified by the increasing popularity of Business Transformation Outsourcing (BTO) wherein enterprises are turning over non-core activities, such as indirect procurement, to third parties, who now need to develop an integrated view of spend across multiple enterprises in order to optimize procurement and generate maximum savings. However, the creation of such an integrated view of procurement spend requires the creation of a homogeneous data repository from disparate (heterogeneous) data sources across various geographic and functional organizations throughout the enterprise(s). Such repositories get transactional data from various sources such as invoices, purchase orders, account ledgers. As such, the transactions are not cross-indexed, refer to the same suppliers by different names, and use different ways of representing information about the same commodities. Before an aggregated spend view can be developed, this data needs to be cleansed, primarily to normalize the supplier names and correctly map each transaction to the appropriate commodity code. Commodity mapping, in particular, is made more difficult by the fact that it has to be done on the basis of unstructured text descriptions found in the various data sources. We describe an on-demand system to automatically perform this cleansing activity using techniques from information retrieval and machine learning. Built on standard integration and application infrastructure software, this system provides enterprises with a fast, reliable, accurate and on-demand way of cleansing transactional data and generating an integrated view of spend. This system is currently in the process of being deployed by IBM for use in its BTO practice.
Human Activity Recognition Using Recurrent Neural Network Classifiers on Raw Signals from Insole Piezoresistors (2020)

Human Activity recognition has many potential applications in telemedicine and rehabilitation. The advent and recent improvements in deep learning have encouraged the development of more accurate classifiers that were previously unprecedented. The present work focuses on classifying human activity using small, raw datasets collected with instrumented and customized footwear. Multi-channel time series data were recorded and transmitted wirelessly to a recurrent neural network classifier, which was able to classify 6 activities with an accuracy of up to 87.0 ± 8.9%. Lower level features were detected by the use of convolution. The present work shows that it is possible to use artificial neural network based software techniques to accurately classify data, even with small datasets and low-cost electronic hardware.
An Enhanced Flexible Color Filter Via Imprint Lithography and Inkjet Deposition Methods (2011)

We identify new methods for the roll-to-roll production of flexible color filter arrays (CFA) for electronic displays. Through the use of imprint lithography to define “color wells” we have enabled inkjet deposition as a means to generate CFAs, despite the modest precision attainable with liquid drop placement. In this paper, we outline the imprint lithography process and color well design for template production. The advantage of printing the filter array within a predetermined template is demonstrated, and analysis of their structure and optical properties is presented. CFAs, produced by this technique, provide one means to realize color reflective displays. Application of filters produced by the new process to a 3.8 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">''</sup> color VGA (120 micron sub pixel pitch) E-ink based display platform is discussed.
Semi-blind deblurring images captured with an electronic rolling shutter mechanism (2015)

The electronic rolling shutter mechanism found in many digital cameras may result in spatially-varying blur kernels if camera motion occurs during an imaging exposure. However, existing deblurring algorithms cannot remove the blurs in this case since the blurred image doesn't typically meet the assumptions embedded in these algorithms. This paper attempts to address the problem of modeling and correcting non-uniform image blurs caused by the rolling shutter effect. We introduce a new operator and a mask matrix into the projective motion blur model to describe the blurring process of each row in the image. Based on this modified geometric model, an objective function is formulated and optimized in an alternating scheme. In addition, noisy accelerometer data along x and y directions is incorporated as a regularization term to constrain the solution. The effectiveness of this approach is demonstrated by experimental results on synthetic and real images.
Parametric Sensitivity (2006)

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Factors predicting success of endoscopic variceal ligation for secondary prophylaxis of esophageal variceal bleeding (2006)

These findings demonstrate the importance of technical aspects of EVL on patient outcome, suggesting the benefit of longer interbanding intervals. Future prospective studies are required to define the optimal intersession interval. Standardizing procedural aspects of EVL will aid in objectively evaluating the benefit of this procedure when compared to other modalities such as medical treatment.
Computationally Optimizing the Compliance of a Biopolymer Based Tissue Engineered Vascular Graft (2015)

Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of death among Americans for which coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is a standard surgical treatment. The success of CABG surgery is impaired by a compliance mismatch between vascular grafts and native vessels. Tissue engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) have the potential to be compliance matched and thereby reduce the risk of graft failure. Glutaraldehyde (GLUT) vapor-crosslinked gelatin/fibrinogen constructs were fabricated and mechanically tested in a previous study by our research group at 2, 8, and 24 hrs of GLUT vapor exposure. The current study details a computational method that was developed to predict the material properties of our constructs for crosslinking times between 2 and 24 hrs by interpolating the 2, 8, and 24 hrs crosslinking time data. matlab and abaqus were used to determine the optimal combination of fabrication parameters to produce a compliance matched construct. The validity of the method was tested by creating a 16-hr crosslinked construct of 130 μm thickness and comparing its compliance to that predicted by the optimization algorithm. The predicted compliance of the 16-hr construct was 0.00059 mm Hg−1 while the experimentally determined compliance was 0.00065 mm Hg−1, a relative difference of 9.2%. Prior data in our laboratory has shown the compliance of the left anterior descending porcine coronary (LADC) artery to be 0.00071 ± 0.0003 mm Hg−1. Our optimization algorithm predicts that a 258-μm-thick construct that is GLUT vapor crosslinked for 8.1 hrs would match LADC compliance. This result is consistent with our previous work demonstrating that an 8-hr GLUT vapor crosslinked construct produces a compliance that is not significantly different from a porcine coronary LADC.