gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple Autonomous Cell Death Suppression Strategies Ensure Cytomegalovirus Fitness (2021)

Programmed cell death pathways eliminate infected cells and regulate infection-associated inflammation during pathogen invasion. Cytomegaloviruses encode several distinct suppressors that block intrinsic apoptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, and necroptosis, pathways that impact pathogenesis of this ubiquitous herpesvirus. Here, we expanded the understanding of three cell autonomous suppression mechanisms on which murine cytomegalovirus relies: (i) M38.5-encoded viral mitochondrial inhibitor of apoptosis (vMIA), a BAX suppressor that functions in concert with M41.1-encoded viral inhibitor of BAK oligomerization (vIBO), (ii) M36-encoded viral inhibitor of caspase-8 activation (vICA), and (iii) M45-encoded viral inhibitor of RIP/RHIM activation (vIRA). Following infection of bone marrow-derived macrophages, the virus initially deflected receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK)3-dependent necroptosis, the most potent of the three cell death pathways. This process remained independent of caspase-8, although suppression of this apoptotic protease enhances necroptosis in most cell types. Second, the virus deflected TNF-mediated extrinsic apoptosis, a pathway dependent on autocrine TNF production by macrophages that proceeds independently of mitochondrial death machinery or RIPK3. Third, cytomegalovirus deflected BCL-2 family protein-dependent mitochondrial cell death through combined TNF-dependent and -independent signaling even in the absence of RIPK1, RIPK3, and caspase-8. Furthermore, each of these cell death pathways dictated a distinct pattern of cytokine and chemokine activation. Therefore, cytomegalovirus employs sequential, non-redundant suppression strategies to specifically modulate the timing and execution of necroptosis, extrinsic apoptosis, and intrinsic apoptosis within infected cells to orchestrate virus control and infection-dependent inflammation. Virus-encoded death suppressors together hold control over an intricate network that upends host defense and supports pathogenesis in the intact mammalian host.
Tie Endothelial Cell-specific Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Is Upregulated in the Vasculature of Arteriovenous Malformations (1996)

Arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are congenital lesions composed of abnormal vasculature, with no capillary component, and are clinically significant due to their tendency to spontaneously hemorrhage. The mechanisms regulating the genesis and progression of these lesions are unknown. In order to study the role of angiogenesis in AVMs, we have analyzed the expression of the endothelial cell mitogen vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a novel endothelial cell-specific receptor tyrosine kinase, Tie, by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry in these malformations and surrounding brain tissue. We have previously shown upregulation of Tie accompanying wound healing and tumor progression. In this study, we demonstrate significantly elevated levels of Tie mRNA and protein in AVM and surrounding brain vasculature. Upregulation of VEGF mRNA was observed in the cells of brain parenchyma adjacent to the AVM, and VEGF protein was detected in this tissue as well as in AVM endothelia. Normal brain, in comparison, expressed little or no Tie or VEGF. The significant upregulation of VEGF and Tie in AVMs may indicate some ongoing angiogenesis, possibly contributing to the slow growth and maintenance of the AVM, and could be of potential use in the therapeutic targeting of these lesions.
PD time sequential and light emission properties as pre-breakdown phenomena of SF/sub 6//N/sub 2//CO/sub 2/ gas mixture (2003)

This paper describes partial discharge (PD) properties of the SF/sub 6//N/sub 2//CO/sub 2/ ternary gas mixture which has higher breakdown voltage than an SF/sub 6//N/sub 2/ gas mixture by composing CO/sub 2/ and N/sub 2/ with a suitable rate. PD time sequential properties under a positive DC voltage application and PD light emission properties under a positive lightning impulse voltage application are investigated to clarify the effect of adding CO/sub 2/ from the viewpoint of pre-breakdown phenomena. Based on the PD phenomena, we discuss the mechanism of an increase in breakdown voltage due to the addition of CO/sub 2/.
Endothelial Tie Receptor Antigen in Maternal and Cord Blood of Healthy and Preeclamptic Subjects (1998)

In Brief Objective To measure the vascular endothelial receptor tyrosine kinase Tie, essential in the process of angiogenesis, in blood from healthy and preeclamptic pregnant women, in umbilical cord blood from both, and in blood from nonpregnant women. Methods A total of 143 women participated in four arms of the study. Blood samples were collected from 54 healthy nonlaboring pregnant women (gestational weeks 14–41). Samples were collected immediately prepartum and postpartum from another 40 healthy women (15 delivered vaginally and 25 by cesarean) and 15 preeclamptic women (all delivered by cesarean). Arterial and venous cord samples were collected, when possible, from infants born by cesarean. Single blood samples were drawn from 34 nonpregnant controls. Of these, weekly samples from 11 were drawn during one menstrual cycle. A time-resolved fluoroimmunoassay was developed for the detection of the soluble extra-cellular domain of Tie. Results Maternal serum Tie levels decreased with advancing gestational age after 26 weeks (r = .6, P < .001). They were significantly higher in healthy women at term (median 233 ng/mL, range 152–414 ng/mL) compared with nonpregnant controls (median 173 ng/mL, range 107–333 ng/mL, P < .001) or with preeclamptic women at term (median 152 ng/mL, range 90–372 ng/mL, P < .05). This difference between healthy and preeclamptic women persisted on the first postpartum day (median 221 ng/mL, range 128–343 and median 152 ng/mL, range 90–372 ng/mL, respectively, P < .05). The highest levels of serum Tie receptor were observed in umbilical arterial and venous blood (median 240 ng/mL, range 174–474 ng/mL and median 340 ng/mL, range 245–690 ng/mL, respectively). In nonpregnant women, serum Tie levels did not vary with menstrual cycle. Conclusion The high levels of the extracellular domain of Tie in healthy term maternal and cord blood may indicate a role for Tie in the vascular development of human fetuses and placentas. Serum Tie levels in preeclamptic women are lower than those in healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women.
Genetic imbalances in preinvasive tissue of hypopharynx provide evidence for cytogenetic heterogeneity (2001)

Multiple chromosomal aberrations have been reported in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). But less information is available on specific patterns of chromosomal amplifications which distinguish different areas of head and neck tumors. To elucidate genetic mechanisms causing the aggressive growth and high proliferation of hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), we performed reverse chromosome painting (RCP) on a total of eight hypopharyngeal SCC including invasive carcinoma and preinvasive tissue. Five hypopharyngeal invasive carcinomas showed amplifications on chromosome 3q. Furthermore, we detected gains on chromosomes 11q and 6p. Compared to the histologically classified preinvasive tissues, we found amplified alterations on chromosome 6p, 11q and 12q, but none of them showed gains on chromosome 3q. This observed heterogeneity in hypopharyngeal SCC might reflect a specific role of chromosome 3q as a late event in the highly invasive capacity of these SCC.
Feasibility, Biodistribution, and Preliminary Dosimetry in Peptide-Targeted Radionuclide Therapy of Diverse Adenocarcinomas Using 177Lu-FAP-2286: First-in-Humans Results (2021)

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a promising target for diagnosis and therapy of numerous malignant tumors. FAP-2286 is the conjugate of a FAP-binding peptide, which can be labeled with radionuclides for theranostic applications. We present the first-in-humans results using <sup>177</sup>Lu-FAP-2286 for peptide-targeted radionuclide therapy (PTRT). <b>Methods:</b> PTRT using <sup>177</sup>Lu-FAP-2286 was performed on 11 patients with advanced adenocarcinomas of the pancreas, breast, rectum, or ovary after prior confirmation of uptake on <sup>68</sup>Ga-FAP-2286 or <sup>68</sup>Ga-FAPI-04 PET/CT. <b>Results:</b> Administration of <sup>177</sup>Lu-FAP-2286 (5.8 ± 2.0 GBq; range, 2.4-9.9 GBq) was well tolerated, with no adverse symptoms or clinically detectable pharmacologic effects being noticed or reported in any of the patients. The whole-body effective dose was 0.07 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq (range, 0.04-0.1 Gy/GBq). The mean absorbed doses for kidneys and red marrow were 1.0 ± 0.6 Gy/GBq (range, 0.4-2.0 Gy/GBq) and 0.05 ± 0.02 Gy/GBq (range, 0.03-0.09 Gy/GBq), respectively. Significant uptake and long tumor retention of <sup>177</sup>Lu-FAP-2286 resulted in high absorbed tumor doses, such as 3.0 ± 2.7 Gy/GBq (range, 0.5-10.6 Gy/GBq) in bone metastases. No grade 4 adverse events were observed. Grade 3 events occurred in 3 patients-1 with pancytopenia, 1 with leukocytopenia, and 1 with pain flare-up; 3 patients reported a pain response. <b>Conclusion:</b><sup>177</sup>Lu-FAP-2286 PTRT, applied in a broad spectrum of cancers, was relatively well tolerated, with acceptable side effects, and demonstrated long retention of the radiopeptide. Prospective clinical studies are warranted.
Highly efficient polymer light-emitting diodes using graphene oxide-modified flexible single-walled carbon nanotube electrodes (2012)

We present flexible polymer light-emitting diodes (FPLEDs) using graphene oxide-modified single-walled carbon nanotube (GO-SWCNT) films as an anode on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The electrode of GO-SWCNTs used in this study shows quite a low sheet resistance of ∼75 Ω per square at 65% (at 550 nm) optical transparency with resistance to bending fatigue. The small-sized GO nanosheets onto the SWCNT network films are significantly effective in reducing the sheet resistance and the surface porosity of the SWCNT network films without sacrificing the transmittance. Moreover, the top layer of the large-sized GO nanosheets are crucial for high device efficiency to reduce the roughness of the SWCNT surface and enhance the wettability with PEDOT:PSS. The optimized FPLED using a GO-SWCNT electrode shows a maximum luminous efficiency of 5.0 cd A−1 (at 9.2 V), power efficiency of 2.4 lm W−1 (at 5.6 V), external quantum efficiency 1.9% (at 9.0 V) and turn-on voltage (2.0 V), which is comparable to conventional PLEDs using an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode (a maximum luminous efficiency of 6.2 cd A−1 (at 9.4 V), power efficiency of 2.6 lm W−1 (at 5.8 V), external quantum efficiency 2.3% (at 9.0 V) and turn-on voltage (2.0 V)). This result confirms that a GO-SWCNT electrode can be efficiently used to replace ITO for flexible optoelectronic devices.
Modification of chamber resonance through active mass control (1999)

A traveling wave chamber was constructed for the controlled insonification of rodents in order to test the physiological effects of intense underwater low-frequency sound. In initial testing, this chamber exhibited a sharp resonance in the band of interest. This resonance was found to be dictated by the mass of the piston driver and the stiffness of the chamber’s contents. The presence of the resonance significantly reduced the operational bandwidth of the chamber. Conventional approaches to shifting the resonance out of the band of interest by directly altering piston mass and/or armature stiffness were found to be impossible. An open-loop active control system was devised which utilized piston-mounted accelerometers and summed their output with the drive signal prior to a power amplifier. Since the driver is well characterized as a force transducer, the result of this control scheme is that the piston mimics a significantly lighter structure with no reduction in the actual piston mass. The operational bandwidth of the chamber was increased with a minimum of additional hardware and negligible additional power consumption. Loop gain can be limited by stability limits imposed by the phase response of the power amplifier. This scheme may also have applications in transducer design.
ORIGINAL ARTICLES—ALIMENTARY TRACT In Vivo Histopathology for Detection of Gastrointestinal Neoplasia With a Portable, Confocal Miniprobe: An Examiner Blinded Analysis (2007)

Background & Aims: Confocal fluorescence microscopy (CFM) has been mentioned to be a promising tool for in vivo histology. Recently, a portable confocal miniprobe has been developed. Our aim was to evaluate the potential benefit of CFM for detection of gastrointestinal neoplasia. Methods: A total of 47 patients with known or suspected neoplasia in the upper (n 34) or lower gastrointestinal tract (n 13) were examined with standard endoscopes. After mucolyis with 5‐10 mL of acetic acid 1.5%, chromoendoscopy with 2‐5 mL cresyl violet 0.25% was performed, with the substance also being used as a fluorophore for CFM. Real-time video sequences were recorded. Thereafter, biopsies were taken or mucosectomy/polypectomy was performed from the same examined area. All stored sequences were put into a random order and assessed by a pathologist and a gastroenterologist both blinded to any data. Results: A total of 119 CFM video sequences were recorded of 85 benign or 34 neoplastic areas. Quality of CFM images was regarded too low in 24 (pathologist) and 14 sequences (gastroenterologist). For the pathologist, accuracy of CFM detecting neoplasia was 92.6% (suitable images) and 73.9% (intention to diagnose). The respective accuracy values for the gastroenterologist were 92.4% (suitable images) and 81.5% (intention to diagnose). Agreement between CFM and histopathology was excellent (kappa values, 0.821 and 0.817). Conclusions: We have demonstrated that CFM with a miniprobe has the potential to diagnose neoplasia during ongoing endoscopy. This system has the advantage that it can be used with standard endoscopes. Further studies are warranted for validation.
Coherent effects and aperture averaging in retroreflected light (2006)

An experimental study has been made on the contribution to the effective scintillation index due to two retroreflectors, as a function of retroreflector spacing. For closely spaced retroreflectors the effect of coherent interference at the receiver is seen to increase the effective variance of the received signal, whereas spatial averaging is apparent for more widely spaced retroreflectors. The scintillation index, probability density functions, power spectral densities and fade rates are all affected by the interference. The range, under which these experiments were conducted, was typically 500 - 800m over mixed water/land terrains. The interrogator used a monostatic, 1550nm laser probe beam with a divergence of 0.4 mrad and had a 50mm diameter receiver aperture. Data sets of received power were recorded for durations of 10s each, using a photodiode with a bandwidth of 100kHz. For comparison, the received power from a single retroreflector at various radial positions in the probe beam was recorded. Knowledge of the fade rates and fade durations is of practical importance in considerations regarding the optimal transmission of data packets.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation by Aortic Retrograde Approach Using a Magnetic Navigation System (2009)

Stereotaxis remote magnetic navigation system (MNS) (St. Louis, MO, USA) is a new technology with applications in the field of catheter ablation of cardiac arrhythmias. We report a case where the Stereotaxis MNS was successfully used to perform pulmonary vein isolation by a retrograde approach in a patient with atrial fibrillation in whom transseptal access was impossible.
Microwave‐Assisted Chemoselective Hydrogenation Reactions Incorporating Hydrogen as Reducing Agent (2011)

Abstract The use of modern microwave equipment affords an easy and safe handling in the laboratory routine. The described quartz reactor system was tested in different reaction types to show its versatile applications. Various liquid‐phase hydrogenations were carried out successfully. The construction of the reactor allows the direct introduction of gases into the reaction mixture so that the reduction can be performed with gaseous hydrogen.
Managing Complexity (2004)

Physical analogs have shown considerable promise for understanding the behavior of complex adaptive systems, including macroeconomics, biological systems, social networks, and electric power markets. Many of today's most challenging technical and policy questions can be reduced to a distributed economic control problem. Indeed, economically-based control of large-scale systems is founded on the conjecture that the price-based regulation (e.g., auctions, markets) results in an optimal allocation of resources and emergent optimal system control. This paper explores the state of the art in the use physical analogs for understanding the behavior of some econophysical systems and deriving stable and robust control strategies for them. In particular we review and discuss applications of some analytic methods based on a thermodynamic metaphor according to which the interplay between system entropy and conservation laws gives rise to intuitive and governing global properties of complex systems that cannot be otherwise understood.
ON THE COLLISION DYNAMICAL ORIGINS OF PRESSURE BROADENING (1983)

Author Institution: Applied Physics Materials Laboratory Department of Mechanical \& Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University; Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College Hanover; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University Princeton
Real-time UWB indoor positioning system with millimeter 3-D dynamic accuracy (2009)

A real-time UWB positioning system has been developed which has dynamic 3D accuracy of better than 6 mm and static 3D accuracy of 3-4 mm. This accuracy is an order of magnitude higher than currently available commercial UWB tracking systems and opens up new applications for indoor wireless positioning including robot tracking, patient monitoring, and tracking during computer assisted surgeries. 3D experimental results are included for both dynamic and static real-time experiments using an optical tracking system with 3D accuracy of 0.3 mm as a gold standard for reference.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Intraoperative Popliteus Tendon Impingement (2014)

Herein, we describe a simple, effective strategy for diagnosing and treating intraoperative popliteus tendon impingement during total knee arthroplasty (TKA). When lateral impingement is detected intraoperatively during TKA, manual isolation of the popliteus tendon can help determine the cause. Using this technique, the etiology of intraoperative lateral impingement during TKA was never misdiagnosed and the popliteus tendon was never unnecessarily released. The technique described allows for accurate diagnosis of intraoperative lateral impingement during TKA and the prevention of unnecessary popliteus resection.
Local Multipath Model Parameters for Generating 5G Millimeter-Wave\n 3GPP-like Channel Impulse Response (2015)

This paper presents 28 GHz and 73 GHz empirically-derived large-scale and\nsmall-scale channel model parameters that characterize average temporal and\nangular properties of multipaths. Omnidirectional azimuth scans at both the\ntransmitter and receiver used high gain directional antennas, from which global\n3GPP modeling parameters for the mean global azimuth and zenith spreads of\narrival were found to be 22 degrees and 6.2 degrees at 28 GHz, and 37.1 degrees\nand 3.8 degrees at 73 GHz, respectively, in non-line of sight (NLOS).\nSmall-scale spatial measurements at 28 GHz reveal a mean cross-polar ratio for\nindividual multipath components of 29.7 dB and 16.7 dB in line of sight and\nNLOS, respectively. Small-scale parameters extracted using the KPowerMeans\nalgorithm yielded on average 5.3 and 4.6 clusters at 28 GHz and 73 GHz,\nrespectively, in NLOS. The time cluster - spatial lobe (TCSL) modeling approach\nuses an alternative physically-based binning procedure and recreates 3GPP model\nparameters to generate channel impulse responses, as well as new parameters\nlike the RMS lobe angular spreads useful in quantifying millimeter-wave\ndirectionality. The TCSL algorithm faithfully reproduces first- and\nsecond-order statistics of measured millimeter-wave channels.\n
1‐Aryl‐3,3‐diisopropyltriazenes: An Easily Accessible and Particularly Stable Class of Triazenes Towards Strong Basic and Lewis Acid Conditions (2008)

Abstract The stability of various substituted aryl‐3,3‐dialkyltriazenes, valuable synthetic intermediates, under several reaction conditions has been evaluated. To do so, anthranilonitrile and 2‐amino‐6‐(trifluoromethyl)benzonitrile have been reacted in the presence of different secondary amines to the corresponding 1‐(2‐R‐phenyl)‐3,3‐dialkyltriazenes. These compounds have been submitted to a series of different reaction conditions with special emphasis on strong basic and metal/acid reductive conditions in order to test the stability of the triazene moiety under these circumstances. Generally, triazenes are unstable in metal/acid reducing conditions. A lot of 1‐aryl‐3,3‐dialkyltriazenes are known to undergo deprotonation in α‐position of N‐3 in the presence of strong bases, thus limiting the scope of action of this class of compounds. Among the tested substances, most triazenes were stable in the presence of titanium isopropoxide and/or strong nucleophiles. 1‐(2‐R‐phenyl)‐3,3‐diisopropyltriazenes turned out to be particularly stable under strong basic conditions. 1,2‐addition reactions in the presence of Grignard reagents or lithiated compounds, showed in most cases no side products resulting from a degradation of the triazene function. The same was true for the titanium‐catalyzed Kulinkovich–de Meijere cyclopropanation or for reductive amination. In both cases, no triazene degradation products could be detected. 1‐(2‐R‐phenyl)‐3,3‐diisopropyltriazenes were even stable in the presence of strong Lewis acids like trimethylaluminium. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Size-Dependent Biexciton Spectrum in CsPbBr3 Perovskite Nanocrystals (2019)

We characterize exciton–exciton interactions in weakly confined CsPbBr3 nanocrystals by combining fluence-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy with a robust spectral deconvolution method. This data-driven approach allows for the extraction of overlapping transient absorption spectra of exciton and biexciton states while making no assumptions about the spectral line shape. The ensemble spectrum of the biexciton state is found to be broader and blue-shifted from the spectrum of the exciton state, with both effects becoming more prominent as nanocrystal size decreases. We conclude that exciton–exciton interactions in CsPbBr3 are net repulsive at room temperature, but red-shifted optical gain from the biexciton state is still possible because the spectral broadening exceeds the blue-shifting. Finally, we extract size-dependent biexciton lifetimes of 35–200 ps, increasing with nanocrystal size. In contrast to the attractive exciton–exciton interactions found in most conventional semiconductor nanocrystals, repulsive exciton–exciton interactions may arise from polaron formation in perovskites. These observations provide important insight into lasing, high-flux emission, and multicarrier interactions in this class of materials.
Correction for Yueh et al., The commonly used antimicrobial additive triclosan is a liver tumor promoter (2014)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Development of a short and universal learning self-efficacy scale for clinical skills (2019)

The L-SES is a short, well-developed scale that can serve as a generic assessment tool for measuring medical students' learning self-efficacy for clinical skills. Moreover, the L-SES is unaffected by gender differences. However, additional analyses in relevant educational settings are needed.