gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unusual Two-Dimensional Multicomponent Self-Assembly Probed by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (2002)

How to design templates on surfaces? A very simple but efficient way is via physisorption at the liquid–solid interface to form immobilized 2D crystals. It remains a challenge to make stoichiometric assemblies with two or more components or to form molecular clusters of limited size. Unexpectedly, the mono- and bis-urea materials form multicomponent two-dimensional architectures, as shown in the graphic. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2267/2002/z457_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Immunolocalization of osteopontin, osteocalcin, and dentin sialoprotein during dental root formation and early cementogenesis in the rat (1994)

Using immunohistochemical methods we studied the tissue localization of the extracellular matrix proteins osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OC), and dentin sialoprotein (DSP) during the formation of acellular and cellular cementum in newly born rats. In the layer of acellular cementum of developing incisor and molar teeth we found a very strong staining for OPN but not for DSP or OC. Many cells immediately adjacent to acellular cementum and PDL cells were also positive for OPN but not for DSP or for OC. In contrast, cellular cementum in molar teeth stained strongly for OPN and OC but not for DSP. Consistent with these observations, the cells engaged in the formation of cellular cementum (cementoblasts and cementocytes) reacted strongly for OPN and OC but not for DSP. In advanced stages of dentinogenesis, both crown and root odontoblasts and dentin stained for OPN, OC, and DSP. Cells and matrices of surrounding alveolar bone stained for OPN and OC but not for DSP. We conclude that cementoblasts and cementocytes of cellular cementum produce OPN and OC but not DSP and thus express an osteoblast-like, not an odontoblast-like, phenotype. The cells responsible for the production of acellular cementum are likely cells of the PDL in close contact with the dental root surface. These fibroblast-like cells express OPN but not OC or DSP and accordingly express only a partial osteoblastic phenotype.
Cellular adhesion in neoplastic and syngeneic normal cells under altered gravitational conditions. (1998)

The major objective of several experiments performed in space in the last 15 years was to establish whether single cells are sensitive to gravity. It was found in certain cells that reduced gravity leads to profound changes of a number of physiological functions like genetic expression, cell proliferation, signal transduction and cytoskeleton structure. In cell biology studies microgravity can be simulated on Earth in the clinostat. Nearly all data on experiments in the clinostat are related to cells cultured in suspension and, therefore, to adhesion-independent cells. In contrast, several biological phenomena as neoplastic transformation, cell differentiation, in-vitro cellular aging, contact inhibition and cellular adhesion require mainly cellular systems that are adhesion-dependent. The purpose of this work was: a) to study the behaviour of two rat cell strains (neoplastic SGS/4A and syngeneic fibroblasts FG) in order to test whether adhesion-dependent cells are suitable for clinorotation and b) to investigate cell-cell and cell-substratum adhesion in these cells kept under simulated low-g in the fast rotating clinostat and in hypergravity at l0g in the centrifuge.
Novel and non-invasive brain-computer interface-based stimulation device using frequency tuned electromagnetic fields to significantly reduce disability following sub-acute ischemic stroke: A pilot randomized controlled trial (2021)

the 4-week treatment phase. During the four-week treatment, the longterm memory of animals was assessed by using the Barnes maze. The escape latency of the Barnes maze in STIM+ was reduced in a greater rate than STIM-. The reduction of successful entry of reward arm on BYM and exploration time to novel objects on NOR following mPFC-CCI was improved in STIM+. The mPFC-specific deficits were also found to be improved. Only STIM+ demonstrated a steady performance in Barnes maze while the STIMdisplayed a fluctuated performance. The strategy application in searching for escape in Barnes maze was compromised in both STIM-and STIM+. However, in STIM+, the strategy application was restored across treatment. The current study supports the hypothesis that LCN DBS improves the cognitive deficits following mPFC-CCI by restoring the mPFC functions which provides a foundation of translation of this neuromodulation approach into the clinical use in brain trauma.
Network coding: Is zero error always possible? (2011)

In this work we study zero vs. e-error capacity in network coding instances. For multicast network coding it is well known that all rates that can be delivered with arbitrarily small error probability can also be delivered with zero error probability; that is, the e-error multicast capacity region and zero-error multicast capacity region are identical. For general network coding instances in which all sources originate at the same source node, Chan and Grant recently showed [ISIT 2010] that, again, e-error communication has no rate advantage over zero-error communication. We start by revisiting the setting of co-located sources, where we present an alternative proof to that given by Chan and Grant. While the new proof is based on similar core ideas, our constructive strategy complements the previous argument. We then extend our results to the setting of index coding, which is a special and representative form of network coding that encapsulates the "source coding with side information" problem. Finally, we consider the "edge removal" problem (recently studied by Jalali, Effros, and Ho in [Allerton 2010] and [ITA 2011]) that aims to quantify the loss in capacity associated with removing a single edge from a given network. Using our proof for co-located sources, we tie the "zero vs. e-error" problem in general network coding instances with the "edge removal" problem. Loosely speaking, we show that the two problem are equivalent.
Abstract 20698: Renal Denervation Lowers the Slope of the Pressure-Diuresis Relation and Blunts the Diuretic Response to Acute Volume Load in Heart Failure (2016)

Background: Previous animal studies have shown that renal denervation (RDN) was beneficial in chronic heart failure (CHF) by increasing the sodium excretion and inhibiting the renin release. Howeve...
Subpixel Corner Detection for Tracking Applications using CMOS Camera Technology (2002)

A multistage approach to gray-level corner detection is proposed in this paper, which is based on fast corner extraction using the Plessey corner detector combined with CMOS image acquisition technologies and localization refinement using a spatial subpixel analysis approach. The proposed corner detector detects corners as the intersection points of the involved edges, only by using a small neighborhood of the estimated corner position. With this approach it is also possible to compute the corner orientation and the dihedral angle of the corner. In comparison to the standard Plessey detector, which can show localization errors of several pixels, experimental results show an average error of only 0.36 pixels for our algorithm. 1.
<title>Control of a phase-locked laser diode array using piston micromirrors</title> (1996)

A ten element piston micromirror array has been used to produce a single irradiation spot in the far-field of a ten element laser diode array operating in the fundamental out- of-phase supermode and to steer the far-field irradiance pattern. A strong single lobe was obtained for several different laser injection currents. The produced lobe with full width at half maximum of 0.167 degree(s) was narrower than the original far-field lobes. Steering of the single lobe to 12 separate spots over a 0.807 degree(s) range was demonstrated.
8 mW fundamental mode output of wafer-fused VCSELs emitting in the 1550-nm band (2011)

We report record-high fundamental mode output power of 8 mW at 0 °C and 1.5 mW at 100°C achieved with wafer-fused InAlGaAs-InP/AlGaAs-GaAs 1550 nm VCSELs incorporating a re-grown tunnel junction and un-doped AlGaAs/GaAs distributed Bragg reflectors. A broad wavelength tuning range of 15 nm by current variation and wavelength setting in a spectral range of 40 nm on the same VCSEL wafer are demonstrated as well. This performance positions wafer-fused VCSELs as prime candidates for many applications in low power consumption, "green" photonics.
Inhibition of Cardiac Myocyte Apoptosis by Zac1, an Essential Transcription Factor for Cardiac Morphogenesis (2008)

The early onset of MetS among children and relatively high proportions of children with at least one or two metabolic abnormalities in cities of China can increase the risk of developing MetS. It implies the necessity to take effective actions to control and prevent the rapid development of obesity among children in developing countries, especial those undergoing transition to a Western lifestyle.
Towards effective immunotherapy of myeloma: enhanced elimination of myeloma cells by combination of lenalidomide with the human CD38 monoclonal antibody daratumumab (2010)

Our results indicate that powerful and complementary effects may be achieved by combining lenalidomide and daratumumab in the clinical management of multiple myeloma.
A new concept to compensate the loop gain variation in phase-locked loops for wideband microwave frequency ramp synthesis (2017)

Synthesizers for wideband, low noise, linear frequency ramps based on phase-locked loops (PLL) exhibit a wide variation of the loop gain if no compensation method is applied. We present a new compensation method based on a phase-frequency detector gain modulation avoiding an external logic control, additional phase noise and high hardware complexity. Based on measured characteristics of its components, a 60 GHz-PLL with the new compensation method has been simulated, reducing the loop gain variation by a factor of 6.2 and the maximum double-sideband RMS phase jitter from 0.0422 rad to 0.0320 rad.
Spatial-Mode Multicasting of a Single 100-Gbit/s Orbital Angular Momentum (OAM) Mode onto Multiple OAM Modes (2012)

A method of spatial mode multicasting in OAM modes spatial-division multiplexing is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. By designing the phase pattern of a phase-only spatial light modulator, the input single spatial mode of 100Gbits/s QPSK signal can be multicasted up to 8 spatial OAM modes with crosstalk lower than -20dB.
Solutions to eliminate non-linearity during the readout process on optical disks (2005)

This work describes methods to eliminate nonlinearity, which harms improvement in performance of consumer optical disk systems. One is the combination of adaptive write pulse control and write shift compensation for rewritable disks. The other is a new ROM disk structure to eliminate it in principle.
Electrochemical Formation of Contacts between Platinum or Gold Electrodes with the Organic Charge-Transfer Salts Tetrathiafulvalenium Bromide (TTFBrx, x = 0.74−0.79) or Bis(tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium) Perchlorate ((TMTSF)2ClO4) (1998)

Conducting crystals of the charge-transfer salts TTFBrx (tetrathiafulvalenium bromide) and (TMTSF)2ClO4 (bis(tetramethyltetraselenafulvalenium) perchlorate) were studied. The needle-shaped crystals were grown between pairs of platinum or gold electrodes by oxidative electrodeposition. An electrical connection was formed when a crystal growing from one electrode (base electrode) encountered the second electrode (target electrode). It was found that electrical contacts form even if the potential of the target electrode is considerably lower than the electrocrystallization potential of the charge-transfer salt. Contacts between crystal and target electrode are surprisingly adherent, as seen in experiments where crystals detach from the base electrode and stick to the target electrode. They can also be disconnected and reconnected reversibly by manipulation of the potential of the base electrode, which results in dissolution and recrystallization of the organic salt in the vicinity of the target electrode.
Emergence of reconfigurable wires and spinners via dynamic self-assembly (2015)

Dissipative colloidal materials use energy to generate and maintain structural complexity. The energy injection rate, and properties of the environment are important control parameters that influence the outcome of dynamic self-assembly. Here we demonstrate that dispersions of magnetic microparticles confined at the air-liquid interface, and energized by a uniaxial in-plane alternating magnetic field, self-assemble into a variety of structures that range from pulsating clusters and single-particle-thick wires to dynamic arrays of spinners (self-assembled short chains) rotating in either direction. The spinners emerge via spontaneous breaking of the uniaxial symmetry of the energizing magnetic field. Demonstration of the formation and disaggregation of particle assemblies suggests strategies to form new meso-scale structures with the potential to perform functions such as mixing and sensing.
Lipid requirements for coupled cytochrome oxidase vesicles (1983)

Cytochrome c oxidase has been reconstituted with two synthetic phospholipids, dioleoylphosphatidylcholine and dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine. Vesicles prepared from either of these two lipids alone showed no stimulation of enzyme activity upon addition of carbonyl cyanide (trifluoromethoxy)phenylhydrazone and valinomycin, indicating that they were leaky to small ions. However, when mixtures of the two lipids were used for the reconstitution, tightly coupled vesicles could be obtained. The coupling ratio was dependent upon the ratio of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine to dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and also on the lipid-to-protein ratio. Maximal rates of enzyme activity were not significantly different with different lipid mixtures. The results are discussed in terms of both the size distribution of the reconstituted vesicles and the possible requirement for a variety of lipid species to ensure tight sealing at the lipid-protein interface.
Rescue of a primary myelofibrosis model by retinoid-antagonist therapy (2013)

Molecular targeting of the two receptor interaction domains of the epigenetic repressor silencing mediator of retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT(mRID)) produced a transplantable skeletal syndrome that reduced radial bone growth, increased numbers of bone-resorbing periosteal osteoclasts, and increased bone fracture risk. Furthermore, SMRT(mRID) mice develop spontaneous primary myelofibrosis, a chronic, usually idiopathic disorder characterized by progressive bone marrow fibrosis. Frequently linked to polycythemia vera and chronic myeloid leukemia, myelofibrosis displays high patient morbidity and mortality, and current treatment is mostly palliative. To decipher the etiology of this disease, we identified the thrombopoietin (Tpo) gene as a target of the SMRT-retinoic acid receptor signaling pathway in bone marrow stromal cells. Chronic induction of Tpo in SMRT(mRID) mice results in up-regulation of TGF-β and PDGF in megakaryocytes, uncontrolled proliferation of bone marrow reticular cells, and fibrosis of the marrow compartment. Of therapeutic relevance, we show that this syndrome can be rescued by retinoid antagonists, demonstrating that the physical interface between SMRT and retinoic acid receptor can be a potential therapeutic target to block primary myelofibrosis disease progression.
A Retrospective Study on Clinical Features and Prognostic Factors of Biopsy-Proven Primary Biliary Cirrhosis in Chinese Patients (2005)

In this longitudinal cohort study of biopsy-proven PBC with up to 9 yr of follow-up, we found that Chinese patients with PBC had significant morbidity and mortality. Hypoalbuminemia at presentation was an independent and strong predictor of mortality.
Effect of Thermal Treatment on Bioactivity of Experimental Dental Cement (2017)

Objective. The purpose of this study was to characterize and to evaluate the effect of thermal treatment on properties and bioactivity of experimental dental cement. Methods. Specimens of the dental cement (pellets 13 mm in diameter × 3 mm thick) were prepared by cold pressing of micronized powder of set Alborg White Portland cement. The thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (TGA/DSC) were used to analyze the phase composition and determine the transition temperatures for sintering process. The effect of heat rate and dwell time on density, crystal morphologies, crystalline phases and elemental composition of cement was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The bioactivity of set and heat-treated cements was evaluated by ability produce the hydroxyapatite (HA) layer on a surface of specimen immersed in a simulated body fluid (Dulbecco’s Phosphate-Buffered Saline (DPBS). The formation of hydroxyapatite was confirmed by SEM, X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), XRD and and micro-Raman spectroscopy. The amount of produced HA was measured by weight method after 1, 3, 7, and 14 days of immersion. Results. The set of samples were sintered from experimental dental cement at various heating rate and dwell time. The highest density was obtained at slower heating rate and longer dwell time. The heat treatment changes the hydration phases without changing elemental composition. The heat treatment significantly improves biological performance of dental cement. The heat-treated cement produces 10 times more HA with immersion into simulated body fluid.
Retinoblastoma Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression Determines the Response to Sequential Flavopiridol and Doxorubicin Treatment in Small-Cell Lung Carcinoma (2009)

Flavopiridol and doxorubicin sequential treatment induces potent in vitro and in vivo synergism in pRb-negative SCLC cells and should be clinically tested in tumors lacking functional pRB.
PFsuper: Simulation-Based Prognostics to Monitor and Predict Sparse Time Series (2017)

Commercial systems for predicting remaining useful life (RUL) of serviceable parts like engine oil tend to use either generic regression models (practical, e.g., widely deployed in the automotive industry), or dynamic models for which software lags behind theory (impractical, e.g., ‘one-trick’hardcodings). We describe an arguably more realistic framework using both generic and vehicle-specific dynamic models of time-series for simulation-based condition monitoring and RUL forecasting, suitable in situations where: (a) measured time-series are sparse or slowly sampled, and (b) health condition signals tend to follow relatively simple paths (low-degree polynomial stationary trends, unit-root stochastic trends, exponential growths, quasiperiodic oscillations). This combination unlocks affordability of PFsuper, a prognostics algorithm that implements online Bayesian learning with particle filters to jointly estimate hidden condition state and optionally a handful of unknown parameters, coupled withsubsimulations characterizing failure progression and RUL probability density function. The overall method converts a generic static time-as-a-regressor model into a stochastic differential equation, then has PFsuper adapt the initially generic model into a vehicle-specific one as datameasurements arrive.
Parameterized Modeling of Thermomechanical Reliability for CSP Assemblies (2003)

Finite element modeling is widely used for estimating the solder joint reliability of electronic packages. In this study, the electronic package is a CSP mounted on a printed circuit board (PCB) using an area array of solder joints varying from 5×4 up to 7×7. An empirical model for estimating the reliability of CSP solder joints is derived by correlating the simulated strains to thermal cycling results for 20 different sample configurations. This empirical model translates the inelastic strains calculated by nonlinear three-dimensional (3D) finite element simulations into a reliability estimation (N50% or N100 ppm). By comparing with the results of reliability tests, it can be concluded that this model is accurate and consistent for analyzing the effect of solder joint geometry. Afterwards, parameter sensitivity analysis was conducted by integrating a design of experiment (DOE) analysis with the reliable solder fatigue prediction models, following the method of simulation-based optimization. Several parameters are analyzed: the PCB parameters (elastic modulus, coefficient of thermal expansion, thickness), the chip dimensions (area array configuration), and the parameters defining the solder joint geometry (substrate and chip pad diameter, solder volume). The first study analyzes how the solder joint geometry influences the CSP reliability. A second study is a tolerance analysis for six parameters. These parameters can have a tolerance (=accuracy) of their nominal value, and it is shown that these small tolerances can have a significant influence on the solder joint reliability.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvolysen von 4‐Alkylidenbicyclo[3.2.0]hept‐2‐en‐6‐olen. Synthese von 1‐Vinylfulvenen und 8,8‐Diphenylheptafulven. (1985)

Abstract Bei Reduktionen der Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptenone (I) bilden sich trennbare Gemische von endo‐/exo‐Alkoholen des Typs (II)/(III), die der Solvolysebedingung A) unterworfen werden.
Determining Lectin Specificity from Glycan Array Data Using Motif Segregation and GlycoSearch Software (2013)

The glycan array is a powerful tool for investigating the specificities of glycan-binding proteins. By incubating a glycan-binding protein on a glycan array, the relative binding to hundreds of different oligosaccharides can be quantified in parallel. Based on these data, much information can be obtained about the preference of a glycan-binding protein for specific subcomponents of oligosaccharides, or motifs. In many cases, the analysis and interpretation of glycan array data can be time consuming and imprecise if done manually. Recently, GlycoSearch software was developed to facilitate the analysis and interpretation of glycan array data based on two previously developed methods, Motif Segregation and Outlier Motif Analysis. Here, the principles behind this method and the use of this new tool for mining glycan array data are described. The automated, objective, and precise analysis of glycan array data should enhance the value of these data for a broad range of research applications.
A Characteristic Non-Reflecting Boundary Treatment in Lattice Boltzmann Method (2008)

In lattice Boltzmann methods, disturbances develop at the initial stages of the simulation, the decay characteristics depend mainly on boundary treatment methods; open boundary conditions such as equilibrium and bounce-back schemes potentially generate uncontrollable disturbances. Excessive disturbances originate from non-physical reflecting waves at boundaries. Characteristic boundary conditions utilizing the signs of waves at boundaries which suppress these reflecting waves, as well as their implementation in the lattice Boltzmann method, are introduced herein. The performance of our novel boundary treatment method to effectively suppress excessive disturbances is verified by three different numerical experiments.