gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-Scale Impact Testing of Four Traffic Barriers on Top of an Instrumented MSE Wall (2009)

This paper presents the results of 4 full scale impact tests against barriers placed on top of an instrumented MSE wall. The impact was created by a head-on collision of a 2268 kg (5000 lbs) bogie going at about 32.2 km/h (20 mph). The barriers were New Jersey and vertical wall barriers with a 1.37 m (4.5 ft) wide moment slab in 9.14 m (30 ft) long sections. The wall was 1.52 m (5 ft) high with one panel and two layers of reinforcement. The reinforcement was 2.44 m (8 ft) long strips, 4.88 m (16 ft) long strips and 2.44 m (8 ft) long bar mats. The backfill was crushed rock. The instrumentation consisted of accelerometers, strain gages, contact switch, displacement targets, string lines, and high speed cameras. The test was designed to represent a commonly used installation in current practice including an impact load on the barrier at least equal to 240 kN (54 kips). Most of the barriers sustained significant damage but overall the behavior of the wall was satisfactory since the displacements were minimal and the panel damage was acceptable except possibly in the case of the 4.88 m (16 ft) long strips. The loads measured in the reinforcement indicate that the reinforcement was brought to its ultimate capacity for the duration of the impact but since the impact duration was so short and since the displacements were within tolerable limits, this is considered acceptable. The use of the longer strips (4.88 m (16 ft) long strips) is not necessarily a good thing because, while it did lead to slightly smaller panel displacements, it also leads to higher panel stresses as evidenced by a bending crack in the panel. The 2.44 m (8 ft) long strips solution is more flexible. The measured maximum dynamic loads in the strips were found to be 3 to 5 times higher than the calculated maximum static loads by AASHTO guidelines.
Methylmercury and Ethylmercury Analytical Performance in SRR Samples Measured by SRNL and Eurofins Frontier Global Sciences (2019)

Existing models and simulants of tank disposition media at the Savannah River Site (SRS) have presumed the presence of high concentrations of inorganic mercury. However, quarterly Tank 50 analyses have shown that mercury is present as organomercurial species at concentrations that may present challenges to its remediation and disposition and may challenge the Waste Acceptance Criteria (WAC) for Saltstone. Todate, methylmercury analyses for Savannah River Remediation (SRR) have been performed at an off-site laboratory by Eurofins Frontier Global Sciences (FGS) in Bothell, WA. Savannah River Remediation requested the development of methylmercury and ethylmercury determination capabilities at the Savannah River National Laboratory (SRNL) to support the Liquid Waste Operations at SRS. As part of that method development, SRR requested that SRNL Analytical Development (AD) compare their results with those obtained from their outside contract laboratory, Eurofins FGS. This document reports on this method development work as well as the comparative analyses conducted between the two laboratories. A series of optimization and validation experiments has been performed at SRNL, which has resulted in the development of on-site methylmercury and ethylmercury speciation capabilities using purge and trap (P&T) gas chromatography (GC) coupled with thermal desorption (TD) cold vapor – atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (CVAFS). Speciation has been achieved for both species, with a methylmercury method reporting limit (MRL) value of 1.13 pg and an overall uncertainty (1σ) of 5.1%. An ethylmercury MRL of 11.5 pg and an overall uncertainty (1σ) of 4.8% were obtained. These analytical parameters compare favorably with Eurofins FGS, which demonstrates uncertainties (1σ) for methylmercury and ethylmercury of 13% and 9.1%, respectively. Results obtained by SRNL from the routine analysis of Tanks 21, 40, 50, and 51 samples have provided statistically indistinguishable results compared with Eurofins FGS. Based upon the work performed by SRNL-AD and the data currently available, the following recommendations can be made: Further work should be performed to determine a “best practices” for sample holding time prior to analysis (both preserved and non-preserved samples), as well as any detrimental effects sample age may have on data quality. Analysis of ethylmercury is only recommended for tank samples that are reasonably expected to have significant quantities of ethylmercury, such as from the DWPF SMECT. Trace levels of ethylmercury in the presence of large quantities of methylmercury can be difficult or impossible to quantify. SRNL-AD development of methods for total mercury, purgeable mercury (which includes Hg(0) and dimethylmercury), inorganic mercury (Hg(I) and Hg(II)), dissolved mercury, and particulate mercury are underway and will be reported upon separately.
Language informed bandwidth expansion (2012)

High-level knowledge of language helps the human auditory system understand speech with missing information such as missing frequency bands. The automatic speech recognition community has shown that the use of this knowledge in the form of language models is crucial to obtaining high quality recognition results. In this paper, we apply this idea to the bandwidth expansion problem to automatically estimate missing frequency bands of speech. Specifically, we use language models to constrain the recently proposed non-negative hidden Markov model for this application. We compare the proposed method to a bandwidth expansion algorithm based on non-negative spectrogram factorization and show improved results on two standard signal quality metrics.
Study of the Growth Mechanism of Nanocrystalline Si:H Films Prepared by Reactive Hydrogen Plasma Sputtering of Silicon (1994)

The growth mechanism of hydrogenated nanocrystalline silicon (nc-Si:H) films prepared by reactive hydrogen plasma sputtering of silicon has been studied by means of X-ray diffraction, Raman scattering, and infrared absorption (FT-IR) measurements and SEM observation, and by the diagnosis of the plasma. The nc-Si:H films obtained consist of aggregations of nanocrystalline silicon surrounded by hydrogen atoms. We have found that growth rate and various properties of the nc-Si:H films such as grain size, hydrogen content and morphology are associated both with the incident flux densities of hydrogen ions and the SiH x ( x =0–4) species.
Integrating Energy Storage in Electricity Distribution Networks (2015)

Electricity generation combined with its transmission and distribution form the majority of an electric utility's recurring operating costs. These costs are determined, not only by the aggregate energy generated, but also by the maximum instantaneous peak power demand required over time. Prior work proposes using energy storage devices to reduce these costs by periodically releasing energy to lower the electric grid's peak demand. However, prior work generally considers only a single storage technology employed at a single level of the electric grid's hierarchy. In this paper, we examine the efficacy of employing different combinations of storage technologies at different levels of the grid's distribution hierarchy. We present an optimization framework for modeling the primary characteristics that dictate the lifetime cost of many prominent energy storage technologies. Our framework captures the important tradeoffs in placing different technologies at different levels of the distribution hierarchy with the goal of minimizing a utility's operating costs. We evaluate our framework using real smart meter data from 5000 customers of a local electric utility. We show that by employing hybrid storage technologies at multiple levels of the distribution hierarchy, utilities can reduce their daily operating costs due to distributing electricity by up to 12%.
Oxides of nitrogen at two sites in New Zealand (1983)

Oxides of nitrogen, ozone and solar UV radiation were measured at two New Zealand sites, four months at Mt. John near Lake Tekapo, and one month at the New Zealand Department of scientific and Industrial Research, Physics and Engineering Laboratory Atmospheric Station (PELAS) near Lauder. The former site proved ideal for clean‐air measurements. Ozone concentrations of ∼20‐25 ppb, with little diurnal variation were accompanied by total nitrogen oxide (NO y ) levels frequently less than 150 ppt (parts in 10 12 by volume). The noon NO and NO 2 data were well correlated with a slope comparable to model values. Gaseous HNO 3 was observed to be significantly above the noise level (∼15 ppt) for only twenty‐seven four‐hour averages. For these a median of 43 ppt was obtained with a median ([NO y ]‐[HNO 3 ])/[HNO 3 ] ratio of 7.5, not comparable with model values of around 1.1. This low HNO 3 may arise from the fact that the Mt. John site is downwind of a mountain range which experiences significant upwind precipitation. At the PELAS site, strong diurnal variation of ozone and much larger NO y concentrations were observed. The difference is apparently caused by local sources of nitrogen oxides and the local meteorology at the fertile valley PELAS site.
Evolution of Line Edge Roughness during Block-Copolymer Nano-Patterning. (2010)

Abstract not provided.
Continuous Angle Beam Steering Using Spatiotemporal Frequency-Comb Control in Dielectric Metasurfaces (2018)

Experimental laser beam steering is demonstrated using light-matter interaction between frequency-comb source and silicon based metasurface. Continuous angular scanning of 250 is successfully achieved over a time interval of 10 ps.
Through glass vias (TGV) and aspects of reliability (2015)

Glass as a substrate for electronics packaging has many potential benefits, including the ability to tailor the thermomechanical and electrical properties of the glass to meet the demands of a given application. Because this process may entail modifications to the chemical composition of the glass, the impact of the composition changes to the long term reliability of the electronic package should be carefully considered. Here, two different compositions of glass are examined with regards to their use as a glass interposer, and specific aspects of their reliability are tested. A glass interposer design was fabricated on glass substrates of two different coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs), 3 and 8 ppm/°C. This design has 35 × 120 μm through glass vias (TGVs) and front and backside Cu routing metal. The routing metal and TGVs form electrically testable daisy chains. Samples of these glass interposers were subjected to 1000 thermal cycles from - 40 °C to 125 °C to compare the two different glass compositions with regard to their long term reliability. Electrical testing on daisy-chained arrays of 400 TGVs each before and after thermal cycling showed no failures of the structures. In a separate test, Cu interdigitated test structures with 10 μm lines/space were fabricated on glass substrates of the same two types, on silicon with a thermal oxide layer, and also on fused silica. The leakage current between isolated structures was tested before and after 96 hrs of biased highly accelerated stress testing (HAST). The results indicate that for the glass substrate with a CTE of 8 ppm/°C, a barrier layer is necessary between the substrate and Cu metallization to prevent Cu migration.
Binding kinetics of cariprazine and aripiprazole at the dopamine D3 receptor (2018)

The dissociation behaviours of aripiprazole and cariprazine at the human D<sub>2</sub> and D<sub>3</sub> receptor are evaluated. A potential correlation between kinetics and in vivo profiles, especially cariprazine's action on negative symptoms in schizophrenia, is investigated. The binding kinetics of four ligands were indirectly evaluated. After the receptor preparations were pre-incubated with the unlabelled ligands, the dissociation was initiated with an excess of [<sup>3</sup>H]spiperone. Slow dissociation kinetics characterizes aripiprazole and cariprazine at the D<sub>2</sub> receptor. At the D<sub>3</sub> receptor, aripiprazole exhibits a slow monophasic dissociation, while cariprazine displays a rapid biphasic behaviour. Functional ß-arrestin assays and molecular dynamics simulations at the D<sub>3</sub> receptor confirm a biphasic binding behaviour of cariprazine. This may influence its in vivo action, as the partial agonist could react rapidly to variations in the dopamine levels of schizophrenic patients and the ligand will not quantitatively dissociate from the receptor in one single step. With these findings novel agents may be developed that display rapid, biphasic dissociation from the D<sub>3</sub>R to further investigate this effect on in vivo profiles.
Nafion membranes with a sulfonated organic additive for the use in vanadium redox flow batteries (2019)

ABSTRACT Sulfonated copper phthalocyanine (CuPCSA) was embedded into Nafion membranes in ratios of 0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt %. The absence of CuPCSA related peaks in WAXS patterns indicated that CuPCSA did not form crystalline phases during membrane formation. Tensile strength and Young's modulus were highest in the range of 2.5–5 wt % CuPCSA. As demonstrated for Nafion 212, the weight gain and swelling in water‐based solutions decreases when the sulfuric acid concentration increases from 0 to 2 M. In 2 M sulfuric acid, addition of CuPCSA increases the weight gain. In contact with VO 2 + , blue CuPCSA is oxidatively hydrolyzed to form colorless sulfonated phthalimide. XPS analysis showed that (1) this reaction is quantitative and (2) that the sulfonated phthalimide does not leach out from the membrane during operation in the flow battery. The coulomb efficiency increases with the amount of phthalimide. This affects the energy efficiency so strongly, that it follows the same trend as the coulomb efficiency. During cycling, the cell with Nafion/7.5 wt % filler showed the highest discharge capacity and the lowest difference between charge and discharge capacity. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019 , 136 , 47547.
Cost Sensitive Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Bayes Minimum Risk (2013)

Credit card fraud is a growing problem that affects card holders around the world. Fraud detection has been an interesting topic in machine learning. Nevertheless, current state of the art credit card fraud detection algorithms miss to include the real costs of credit card fraud as a measure to evaluate algorithms. In this paper a new comparison measure that realistically represents the monetary gains and losses due to fraud detection is proposed. Moreover, using the proposed cost measure a cost sensitive method based on Bayes minimum risk is presented. This method is compared with state of the art algorithms and shows improvements up to 23% measured by cost. The results of this paper are based on real life transactional data provided by a large European card processing company.
Ionic Tunability of Conjugated Polyelectrolyte Solutions (2022)

Conjugated polyelectrolytes (CPEs), which combine a π-conjugated polymer backbone with pendant ionic functionalities, offer an opportunity for electrostatic control of materials properties. In this work, the mesoscale morphology and physical properties of a high-mobility conjugated polyelectrolyte are tuned by the addition of salt, variation of the charge-compensating counterion, and complexation with an oppositely charged polyelectrolyte containing the same π-conjugated backbone. In systems with a single polyelectrolyte species, added ions screen the electrostatic repulsions stabilizing the gel-phase, resulting in the dissolution of ionic cross-links and hydrophobic collapse. Exchanging the charge compensating counterion is found to enable finer structural control of the solution behavior and modulation of the self-doping behavior. Finally, novel CPE–CPE complexes resulting in dense solutions and gels of semiconductive material are produced by combination of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes. Such concentrated CPE formulations should be useful materials for mixed electronic–ionic conduction and pseudocapacitative energy storage.
Inactivation of highly potent regulatory T cells (Tregs) with TNFR2 antagonist antibodies as a novel cancer immunotherapy approach. (2015)

e14020 Background: Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are considered a barrier to cancer immunotherapy success due to their suppression of antitumor immune responses. Both murine and human data support the development of a Treg inhibition approach to enhance various oncology treatments. In particular, therapies that eliminate TNFR2hi Tregs, which are highly abundant in human tumors, show favorable clinical responses. The restricted tissue distribution of human TNFR2, with very high TNFR2 expression, make this cell surface target highly desirable. Recent ovarian and AML human tumor data verifies the potency of TNFR2-expressing Tregs in vivo. TNFR2 also determines Treg fate: in vitro blockage in murine models prevents Treg development. Therefore, TNFR2 antagonism may be an effective, targeted way to inhibit Tregs and boost cancer immunotherapy efficacy. Methods: Monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) against human TNFR2 were produced using a hybridoma line and screened on fresh human CD4+ T cells from > 500 healthy human subjects. MoAb functional capacity and mechanism of action were assessed in in vitro human assays by incubating expanded human Tregs with moAb candidates. Inhibition of TNFR2 transcript signaling was one readout to verify identification of TNFR2 antagonistic antibodies. Results: Several moAbs were identified as TNFR2 antagonists that suppressed the baseline or induced CD4 proliferation. After incubation with human Tregs for 24 hrs, TNFR2 antagonists turned off NFkB signaling in Tregs, rapidly inhibiting proliferation and resulting in selective Treg death. Important transcription factors such as TRAF2, IL2R and Foxp3 were downregulated. Remaining Tregs appeared unaltered in surface markers but showed low TNFR2 expression. Conclusions: Select anti-TNFR2 moAbs can be identified to this receptor and safely inactivate human TNFR2hi Tregs. Antibody antagonism through TNFR2 may be a targeted method to deplete and inactivate these potent Tregs, providing a novel way to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies.
Low-noise, 2-W average power, 112-fs Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho:CALGO laser at 2.1 µm (2023)

We report on an in-band pumped soft-aperture Kerr-lens mode-locked Ho<sup>3+</sup>-doped CaGdAlO<sub>4</sub> (Ho:CALGO) bulk laser at 2.1 µm, generating 2 W of average power with 112 fs pulses at 91-MHz repetition rate. To the best of our knowledge, this is the highest average power from a 100-fs class mode-locked laser based on a Tm<sup>3+</sup> or Ho<sup>3+</sup> doped bulk material. We show that the laser has excellent noise properties, with an integrated relative intensity noise of 0.02% and a timing jitter of 950 fs (rms phase noise 0.543 mrad) in the integration interval from 10 Hz to 10 MHz of offset frequency. The demonstrated combination of high average power, short pulses, and low noise makes this an outstanding laser source for many applications at 2.1 µm.
Abstract: Type I fcc aniferromagnets in a field: A realization of the q = 3- and q = 4-state Potts models (1981)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation E. Domany, Y Shnidman, D. Mukamel; Abstract: Type I fcc aniferromagnets in a field: A realization of the q = 3‐ and q = 4‐state Potts models. Journal of Applied Physics 1 March 1981; 52 (3): 1949. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.329581 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioJournal of Applied Physics Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Protein Prenylation Constitutes an Endogenous Brake on Axonal Growth (2016)

Suboptimal axonal regeneration contributes to the consequences of nervous system trauma and neurodegenerative disease, but the intrinsic mechanisms that regulate axon growth remain unclear. We screened 50,400 small molecules for their ability to promote axon outgrowth on inhibitory substrata. The most potent hits were the statins, which stimulated growth of all mouse- and human-patient-derived neurons tested, both in vitro and in vivo, as did combined inhibition of the protein prenylation enzymes farnesyltransferase (PFT) and geranylgeranyl transferase I (PGGT-1). Compensatory sprouting of motor axons may delay clinical onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Accordingly, elevated levels of PGGT1B, which would be predicted to reduce sprouting, were found in motor neurons of early- versus late-onset ALS patients postmortem. The mevalonate-prenylation pathway therefore constitutes an endogenous brake on axonal growth, and its inhibition provides a potential therapeutic approach to accelerate neuronal regeneration in humans.
Metal-enhanced fluorescence: The role of quantum yield, Q, in enhanced fluorescence (2012)

Metal-enhanced fluorescence has attracted enormous research and commercial interest in recent years, due to the ability to significantly enhance fluorescence signatures in the near-field as well as protect fluorophores against photobleaching. In this article, we address one of the major unresolved questions, whether far-field fluorophore quantum yield, Q0, has a direct relationship to fluorescence enhancement factors in metal-enhanced fluorescence.
Advances in the growth of lattice-matched III-V compounds on Si for optoelectronics (2010)

The novel direct band gap, dilute nitride Ga(NAsP)-material system allows for the first time the monolithic integration of a III/V laser material lattice matched to Si substrate. This lattice-matched approach offers the possibility for a high-quality, low defect density integration of a III/V-laser material potentially leading to long-term stable laser devices on Si-substrate. The present paper introduces this novel integration approach and discuss the monolithically growth in line with optical properties of first laser devices grown on exactly oriented (001) Si substrates.
A shape-based statistical method to retrieve 2D TRUS-MR slice correspondence for prostate biopsy (2012)

This paper presents a method based on shape-context and statistical measures to match interventional 2D Trans Rectal Ultrasound (TRUS) slice during prostate biopsy to a 2D Magnetic Resonance (MR) slice of a pre-acquired prostate volume. Accurate biopsy tissue sampling requires translation of the MR slice information on the TRUS guided biopsy slice. However, this translation or fusion requires the knowledge of the spatial position of the TRUS slice and this is only possible with the use of an electro-magnetic (EM) tracker attached to the TRUS probe. Since, the use of EM tracker is not common in clinical practice and 3D TRUS is not used during biopsy, we propose to perform an analysis based on shape and information theory to reach close enough to the actual MR slice as validated by experts. The Bhattacharyya distance is used to find point correspondences between shape-context representations of the prostate contours. Thereafter, Chi-square distance is used to find out those MR slices where the prostates closely match with that of the TRUS slice. Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) values of the TRUS slice with each of the axial MR slices are computed after rigid alignment and consecutively a strategic elimination based on a set of rules between the Chi-square distances and the NMI leads to the required MR slice. We validated our method for TRUS axial slices of 15 patients, of which 11 results matched at least one experts validation and the remaining 4 are at most one slice away from the expert validations.