gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the reliability of nanoindentation hardness of Al2O3 films grown on Si-wafer by atomic layer deposition (2013)

The interest in applying thin films on Si-wafer substrate for microelectromechanical systems devices by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) has raised the demand on reliable mechanical property data of the films. This study aims to find a quick method for obtaining nanoindentation hardness of thin films on silicon with improved reliability. This is achieved by ensuring that the film hardness is determined under the condition that no plastic deformation occurs in the substrate. In the study, ALD Al2O3 films having thickness varying from 10 to 600 nm were deposited on a single-side polished silicon wafer at 300 °C. A sharp cube-corner indenter was used for the nanoindentation measurements. A thorough study on the Si-wafer reference revealed that at a specific contact depth of about 8 nm the wafer deformation in loading transferred from elastic to elastic–plastic state. Furthermore, the occurrence of this transition was associated with a sharp increase of the power-law exponent, m, when the unloading data were fitted to a power-law relation. Since m is only slightly material dependent and should fall between 1.2 and 1.6 for different indenter geometry having elastic contact to common materials, it is proposed that the high m values are the results from the inelastic events during unloading. This inelasticity is linked to phase transformations during pressure releasing, a unique phenomenon widely observed in single crystal silicon. Therefore, it is concluded that m could be used to monitor the mechanical state of the Si substrate when the whole coating system is loaded. A suggested indentation depth range can then be assigned to each film thickness to provide guidelines for obtaining reliable property data. The results show good consistence for films thicker than 20 nm and the nanoindentation hardness is about 11 GPa independent of film thickness.
Refrigeration Heat Exchanger Systems for Server Rack Cooling in Data Centers (2009)

In 2005, IBM released a water cooled heat exchanger product that significantly enhanced data center cooling capability while also demonstrating substantial energy savings. In 2008, IBM released an enhanced water less solution to cool the electronic racks via a R410A refrigerant based vapor compression system, which is the focus of this paper. The paper provides a detailed description of device and coolant loop construction, the experimental thermal data collected, as well as a discussion of its’ cooling energy efficiency relative to both typical air cooled facilities and water cooled heat exchangers, respectively. A data center level case study was performed with experimental measurements collected and discussed herein. Significant energy savings were realized even when the heat exchanger devices were implemented on a small part of the data center. Based on the test data and the experimental data center study, the CRAC units based loops have a COP of 1.95, while the refrigerant refrigerant heat exchanger loop has a COP of 5.0.
State estimation of continuous time radial basis function networks (2005)

The problem of state estimation for continuous time dynamic RBF (radial basis function) networks using minimax approach is addressed. The uncertainty class is characterized in terms of an approximation error vector. Minimizing the objective function over this uncertainty class is used to obtain state estimates. The paper presents the derivation and properties of such a minimax state estimator for RBF networks. This is then extended to the problem of minimax adaptive state estimation. This approach is useful in the cases where the pretrained RBF network is to be used in state estimation, since the latest information is used in improving estimates of the RBF weights. A special class of estimators for the appended state estimation problem is also considered where a constant gain estimator matrix can be obtained. This section gives sufficient conditions for the existence of such an observer and follows directly from the structure of the RBF networks.
Quantifying pharmacodynamics in a mouse inflammation model via CARS and SRS imaging paired with machine learning analysis (2022)

The onset and progression of dermal inflammation are easy to diagnose, but challenging to quantify, stage, and measure. CARS and SRS imaging are modalities capable of providing insight into the dynamics of structural and drug/fluid concentration changes throughout a time course of tissue imaging. This work displays two main avenues of exploration using dermatitis-induced mouse models. First, we track inflammation development and resolution over a four-day time course, capturing CARS and SRS image data at multiple time points to use in a machine learning (ML) based approach trained to classify the extent of inflammation in the provided images. Second, we treat mice with anti-inflammatory agents to determine whether these agents truly help with inflammation resolution, using our ML-based approach trained on structural and concentration rich images as a proxy for the pharmacodynamic response. We additionally use ML interpretability methods to aid in the justification of our results.
Multiport Technology: The New Rise of an Old Concept (2014)

Modern society has shown a large demand for ubiquitous and wireless connectivity, information transmission with high data rates, and precise sensors for any kind of physical dimension. Nevertheless, the frequency spectrum is limited and bandwidth restricted by regulatory issues. Over the last few years, a continuous rise in operating frequency linked to rising bandwidth has been observed. For short-range operation, the license-free industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) bands beyond 100 GHz are becoming more a focus for practical applications. At the same time, microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC) processes must keep up with this rise in operating frequency, requiring high investment costs in new MMIC technology. Initially, before the cost of this technology becomes reasonable, alternative hybrid circuit concepts are needed as a door opener for mass-market applications. For this purpose, an old frontend concept is getting increased support, leading to a constant growth of an originally small, but worldwide, community: multiport technology. This article provides an overview of the basics, possible applications, and specific calibration procedures for the six-port circuit, which is the most common multiport implementation of this promising architecture.
Anti‐tumor efficacy of a transcriptional replication‐competent adenovirus, Ad‐OC‐E1a, for osteosarcoma pulmonary metastasis (2006)

These data demonstrated that OC promoter could direct adenovirus replication by controlling the E1a gene to target human OSPM in a tumor-specific manner, providing an efficient tool to develop a feasible therapeutic modality for OSPM.
Differentiation in Culture of Myogenic Cells from Adult Mouse Muscle (1978)

Abstract Satellite cells isolated from skeletal muscle of adult mice undergo a process of differentiation in culture. Treatment of dissociated muscle fragments with collagenase, followed by three sequential treatments with trypsin, results in a cell suspension highly enriched in myogenic cells. This suspension is plated in collagen coated dishes and cultured in MEM supplemented with 10% horse serum and 3% embryo extract. Cell population in culture is mainly composed of myogenic cells which duplicate actively during the first two days of culture, then withdraw from the cell cycle and fuse to form multinucleated myotubes, with a concomitant increase of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) activity.
Astrogliosis mapping in individual brains using multidimensional MRI (2022)

Abstract There are currently no noninvasive imaging methods available for astrogliosis mapping in the central nervous system despite its essential role in the response to injury, disease, and infection. We have developed a machine learning-based multidimensional MRI framework that provides a signature of astrogliosis, distinguishing it from normative brain at the individual level. We investigated ex vivo cortical tissue specimen derived from subjects who sustained blast induced injuries, which resulted in scar-border forming astrogliosis without being accompanied by other types of neuropathology. By performing a combined postmortem radiology and histopathology correlation study we found that astrogliosis induces microstructural changes that are robustly detected using our framework, resulting in MRI neuropathology maps that are significantly and strongly correlated with co-registered histological images of increased glial fibrillary a cidic protein deposition. The demonstrated high spatial sensitivity in detecting reactive astrocytes at the individual level has great potential to significantly impact neuroimaging studies in diseases, injury, repair, and aging.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Preferences of the O‐C‐C‐C Unit in Acyclic and Cyclic Systems. The Exo‐Deoxoanomeric Effect and Related Phenomena (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Injectable conductive hydrogel restores conduction through ablated myocardium (2020)

Introduction: Therapies for substrate-related arrhythmias include ablation or drugs targeted at altering conductive properties or disruption of slow zones in heterogeneous myocardium. Conductive compounds such as carbon nanotubes may provide a novel personalizable therapy for arrhythmia treatment by allowing tissue homogenization. Methods: A nanocellulose-carbon nanotube conductive hydrogel was developed to have conduction properties similar to normal myocardium. Ex vivo perfused canine hearts were studied. Electroanatomic activation mapping of the epicardial surface was performed at baseline, after radiofrequency ablation, and after uniform needle injections of the conductive hydrogel through the injured tissue. Gross histology was used to assess distribution of conductive hydrogel in the tissue. Results: The conductive hydrogel viscosity was optimized to decrease with increasing shear rate to allow expression through a syringe. The DC conductivity under aqueous conduction was 4.3·10-1 S/cm. In 4 canine hearts, when compared to the homogeneous baseline conduction, isochronal maps demonstrated sequential myocardial activation with a shift in direction of activation to surround the edges of the ablated region. After injection of conductive hydrogel, isochrones demonstrated conduction through the ablated tissue with activation similar to baseline in all 4 hearts. Gross specimen examination demonstrated retention of the hydrogel within the tissue. Conclusions: This proof-of-concept study demonstrates that conductive hydrogel can be injected into acutely disrupted myocardium to restore conduction. Future experiments should focus on evaluating long-term retention and biocompatibility of the hydrogel through in vivo experimentation.
Effectiveness factors for substrate and product inhibition (1975)

Abstract The transformation technique of Na and Na ( Math. Biosci. , 6 , 25, 1970) is extended to convert boundary‐value problems involving the steady‐state diffusion equation for spherical immobilized enzyme particles exhibiting substrate and product inhibition to initial‐value problems. This allows a study of the influence of external mass transfer resistances on the effectiveness factors. It also considerably reduces the number of calculations required to investigate the effect of changes in the kinetic parameters on the overall rate of reaction. The existence of multiple steady states for substrate inhibition kinetics in spherical catalyst particles is illustrated and a criterion for uniqueness of steady states is developed. Effectiveness factors for competitive and noncompetitive product inhibition increase with increasing value of the Sherwood number for the substrate and increasing value of the ratio of substrate to product effective diffusivities within the particle.
Investigation of the driver's seat that displays future vehicle motion (2019)

Automated driving reduces the burden on the driver, however also makes it difficult for the driver to understand the current situation and predict the future movement of the vehicle. To facilitate the prediction of the future behavior of the vehicle by the driver, this paper aims to design and evaluate a haptic interface that actuates the vehicle seat. Our system displays to the driver the movement of the vehicle a few seconds in the future, which allows the driver to make predictions and preparations. Using a driving simulator, we compared the conditions where the movement of the car was displayed in advance for the length of different time. The subjective evaluation of the driver showed that the predictability of the behavior of the vehicle were significantly increased compared to the case without display. The experiment also showed that comfortable feeling significantly decreased if the preceding display is too early.
Analysis of partially coherent acoustic wavefields from multichannel sound reproduction systems (2021)

This work analyzes the performance of multichannel sound reproduction systems using the theory of partially coherent wavefields to model the acoustic velocity vector at the listener’s location. In this framework, the original signal is modelled as a narrowband, locally stationary random process, defined by a coherence time. The system model incorporates attenuation and delays from both positioning of the listener relative to the loudspeakers and any processing used in the reproduction system (e.g., panning). Given the finite coherence time of the signal, the magnitude and direction of the resultant velocity vector fluctuates in time. The location and spread of the virtual source that a human listener infers is determined by the distribution of velocity vector directions and a psychoacoustic averaging time associated with the precedence effect. Using this framework, we demonstrate the relative importance of three time constants in forming a stable image of the source location: the signal coherence time, the acoustic decay time, and the perceptual averaging time. This framework can be extended to incorporate early reflections in the listening environment and generalized to encompass natural sounds, such as speech or music, which can be modelled as a sum of narrowband components.
olla, CA 92037; and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, (2016)

rallel with sFN, but it had only a marginal effect on metastasis. e antimetastatic effects were obtained without any significant luction in the growth rate of the primary tumors. Because these early in vivo studies were focused on metastasis, y used animals carrying large primary tumors. The use of sFN i anastellin to treat smaller tumors at higher doses has now 'ealed additional antitumor activities in these compounds. We )w here that anastellin and sFN curtail both the growth and tastasis of various types of xenograft tumors in mice and that ' antitumor activity of these compounds is related to their lity to inhibit tumor angiogenesis.
Double-Spiral Hexagonal Boron Nitride and Shear Strained Coalescence Boundary (2019)

Among the different growth mechanisms for two-dimensional (2D) hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) synthesized using chemical vapor deposition, spiraling growth of h-BN has not been reported. Here we report the formation of intertwined double-spiral few-layer h-BN that is driven by screw dislocations located at the antiphase boundaries of monolayer domains. The microstructure and stacking configurations were studied using a combination of dark-field and atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy. Distinct from other 2D materials with single-spiral structures, the double-spiral structure enables the intertwined h-BN layers to preserve the most stable AA' stacking configuration. We also found that the occurrence of shear strains at the boundaries of merged spiral islands is dependent on the propagation directions of encountering screw dislocations and presented the strained features by density functional theory calculations and atomic image simulations. This study unveils the double-spiral growth of 2D h-BN multilayers and the creation of a shear strain band at the coalescence boundary of two h-BN spiral clusters.
Hybrid Single Walled Carbon Nanotube - Quantum Dot photosensors (2015)

In this work we demonstrate a preparation technique for hybrid Single Walled Carbon Nanotube - Quantum Dot (SWCNT-QD) photosensors. We investigated photogating effect, fast and slow photoresponse mechanisms observed in the response. The photoresponse of the device depends on the thickness of QDs and gate voltage, also how the photoresponse can be further increased by heat treatment.
Identification of the plague reservoir in an endemic area of Zambia (2012)

Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, is primarily a parasite of wild rodents that persists in permanent, discrete enzootic foci throughout the world. The disease is transmitted in humans by bites from fleas of wildlife rodent species. Therefore surveillance is the ultimate public health solution through plague detection in domestic dogs, other carnivores and wild rodents. The investigations of die-offs amongst plague-susceptible colonial rodents are also significant to determine the presence of Y. pestis in a susceptible population.This study details the identification of the plague reservoir in a suspected endemic area of Zambia. The study was undertaken through rodent investigation for the presence of Y. pestis. A total of 105 rodents were sampled routinely and during a suspected plague period. On dissection 4 (3.81%, 95% CI: 1.23−10.0) rodents sampled during an outbreak showed signs of spleen enlargement. The blood, liver, lymph nodes and spleen of each rodent were subjected to culture on 6% sheep blood agar and MaCconkey agar. Colonies obtained were identified as Y. pestis by colony morphologic features, biochemical profiles, mouse inoculation assay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR primers used targeted the Y. pestis plasminogen activator gene, chromosomal ferric iron uptake regulation gene and the outer membrane protein B gene.The isolates were also subjected to antibiotic sensitivity tests using the disk diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar with sensitivity being observed with ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, gentamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. The findings, identifies a natural reservoir of Y. pestis in Zambia providing the public health officials with a definite host for the control strategy.
Closely-related Photobacterium strains comprise the majority of bacteria in the gut of migrating Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) (2019)

We present here the first study of bacterial diversity of the gut of migrating Atlantic cod using shotgun sequencing and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). The most abundant bacteria belong to the Photobacterium genus (Vibrionaceae family). We also constructed functional profiles of the gut microbiome. These may be used in future studies as a platform for mining of commercially interesting cold-active enzymes.
Architecture and Requirement for Distribution of Link-State and TE Information via PCEP. (2016)

In order to compute and provide optimal paths, Path Computation
Elements (PCEs) require an accurate and timely Traffic Engineering
Database (TED). Traditionally this Link State and TE information has
been obtained from a link state routing protocol (supporting traffic
engineering extensions). This document provides possible
architectural alternatives for link- state and TE information
distribution and their potential impacts on PCE, network nodes,
routing protocols etc.
Backward Viterbi beam search for utilizing dynamic task complexity information (2008)

The backward Viterbi beam search has not received enough attentions other than being used in the second pass. The reason is that the speech recognition society has long ignored the concept of dynamic complexities of a speech recognition task which can help us to determine whether we should operate Viterbi decoding in forward or backward direction. We use the U.S. street address entry task as one example to show why the analysis of the dynamic task complexity information is important. We then describe the procedure to implement a backward Viterbi decoding system from an existing traditional ASR engine. We evaluated the backward Viterbi search using CMU’s PocketSphinx. The experimental results of the backward Viterbi Search show significant performance improvement over the forward Viterbi decoding system on the U.S. street address entry task.
CHAPTER 23. Use of Isoflavones in Inherited Metabolic Diseases: A Focus on Mucopolysaccharidoses (2012)

This Chapter focuses on the use of isoflavones molecules to treat mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) which are lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs). LSDs are inherited genetic disorders characterized by the deficiency of one enzyme involved in the catabolism of macromolecules, leading to the accumulation of its substrates in cell lysosomes. MPS are characterized by lysosomal accumulation of mucopolysaccharides (also called glycosaminoglycans or GAGs). They can be lethal disorders, some of them being characterized by severe neurological impairment. Recently, genistein, a molecule from the isoflavones family, has been identified as a promising drug medicine to reduce GAG accumulation in cells derived from MPS patients, as well as in several MPS mouse models. The first clinical results even indicated significant improvements in cognitive functions and behavioral symptoms of treated patients. Moreover, additional studies have highlighted the potential of different isoflavones and flavonoids as therapeutical molecules for MPS, either used alone or in combination. This overview suggests that isoflavones may be of potential benefit for the treatment of MPS diseases.
Kirana (2016)

Kirana is a gesture-based application that simulates purchasing experience at a local Indian grocery store. It provides individuals with developmental difficulties a safe and controlled environment to explore the processes of purchasing an item: namely, deciding items to buy (decision making), calculating costs and balance (mathematical skills), and interactions via pointing (social interaction). Previous research has established that gesture-based interaction has the potential to enhance social, motor and cognitive skills for individuals with developmental disabilities. Currently, translating learnings from gesture-based virtual applications to real world scenarios is underexplored. Kirana is an approach to simulating practical real interactions, by breaking down complex tasks that require social, mathematical and decision-making skills, and encouraging self-efficacy. Skills learnt by purchasing items with Kirana, are potentially transferable to a real world store.
Trends in mean and extreme rainfall in South Florida and their correlations with sea surface temperature anomalies (2008)

• Previous research has analyzed mean and extreme precipitation in space and time, and recommends the use of extreme value theory. We also employ this approach with a particular focus on: – Application of extreme value theory with a significant amount of missing data – Selection of subjective thresholds • Sea surface temperature anomalies may cause annual, interannual, and decadal climate variability that impacts precipitation via teleconnection. We identify such relations by correlating climate indices with rainfall data. • Understanding precipitation patterns in South Florida is significant for safeguarding human lives, infrastructure, resources, and the environment Workflow Understanding the Data: Exploratory Analysis Plausible Insights on Teleconnections