gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Press forming of aluminum foam during foaming using pin screen mold (2020)

The precursor foaming process is one of the fabrication processes used for the fabrication of aluminum foam. In this study, the shaping of the aluminum foam was conducted by press forming during foaming precursor. A pin screen mold was proposed for the die of the press forming. It was shown that the pin screen mold could be used for the die of the press forming of the aluminum foam, and star-shaped aluminum foam can be obtained. From X-ray computed tomography (CT) observation, there is little effect of press forming by using pin screen mold on the pore structures of the obtained aluminum foam.
Improving Li2O2 Conductivity Via Polaron Preemption: First Principles Study of Si Doping (2013)

Abstract not Available.
Quantitative Imaging Metrics for the Assessment of Pulmonary Pathophysiology: An Official American Thoracic Society and Fleischner Society Joint Workshop Report (2023)

Multiple thoracic imaging modalities have been developed to link structure to function in the diagnosis and monitoring of lung disease. Volumetric computed tomography (CT) renders three-dimensional maps of lung structures and may be combined with positron emission tomography (PET) to obtain dynamic physiological data. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using ultrashort-echo time (UTE) sequences has improved signal detection from lung parenchyma; contrast agents are used to deduce airway function, ventilation-perfusion-diffusion, and mechanics. Proton MRI can measure regional ventilation-perfusion ratio. Quantitative imaging (QI)-derived endpoints have been developed to identify structure-function phenotypes, including air-blood-tissue volume partition, bronchovascular remodeling, emphysema, fibrosis, and textural patterns indicating architectural alteration. Coregistered landmarks on paired images obtained at different lung volumes are used to infer airway caliber, air trapping, gas and blood transport, compliance, and deformation. This document summarizes fundamental "good practice" stereological principles in QI study design and analysis; evaluates technical capabilities and limitations of common imaging modalities; and assesses major QI endpoints regarding underlying assumptions and limitations, ability to detect and stratify heterogeneous, overlapping pathophysiology, and monitor disease progression and therapeutic response, correlated with and complementary to, functional indices. The goal is to promote unbiased quantification and interpretation of <i>in vivo</i> imaging data, compare metrics obtained using different QI modalities to ensure accurate and reproducible metric derivation, and avoid misrepresentation of inferred physiological processes. The role of imaging-based computational modeling in advancing these goals is emphasized. Fundamental principles outlined herein are critical for all forms of QI irrespective of acquisition modality or disease entity.
Transplanting Fetal Neural Xenogeneic Cells in Parkinson’s and Huntington’s Disease Models (1998)

Fetal allogeneic neural transplants have been repeatedly shown to cause functional recovery in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases (1–8), improve symptoms, and reduce drug-induced side effects in patients with Parkinson’s disease (9–13). It has, however, proven difficult to obtain human fetal tissue for neural transplantation, both from a practical and ethical standpoint (14–16). Thus, although a therapeutic rationale exists for using allogeneic neural transplantation in Parkinson’s (and Huntington’s) disease, the limited availability of human fetal neural tissue poses serious limitations on clinical application (17). Neural xenotransplantation, which is transplantation of fetal neuroblasts obtained from homologous neural structures of a different (mammalian) species into the adult brain, overcomes many of the limitations associated with the use of human fetuses. For clinical use, neuroblasts at precisely defined embryonic ages can be prepared in large quantities and in a sterile fashion from the fetuses of especially bred pathogen-free xenogeneic donors.
Liver-specific FGFR4 knockdown in mice on an HFD increases bile acid synthesis and improves hepatic steatosis (2022)

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease with increased risk in patients with metabolic syndrome. There are no FDA-approved treatments, but FXR agonists have shown promising results in clinical studies for NAFLD management. In addition to FXR, fibroblast growth factor receptor FGFR4 is a key mediator of hepatic bile acid synthesis. Using N-acetylgalactosamine-conjugated siRNA, we knocked down FGFR4 specifically in the liver of mice on chow or high-fat diet and in mouse primary hepatocytes to determine the role of FGFR4 in metabolic processes and hepatic steatosis. Liver-specific FGFR4 silencing increased bile acid production and lowered serum cholesterol. Additionally, we found that high-fat diet-induced liver steatosis and insulin resistance improved following FGFR4 knockdown. These improvements were associated with activation of the FXR-FGF15 axis in intestinal cells, but not in hepatocytes. We conclude that targeting FGFR4 in the liver to activate the intestinal FXR-FGF15 axis may be a promising strategy for the treatment of NAFLD and metabolic dysfunction.
Rheologie des pates minerales : cas du melange tio2 - hno3 destine a l'extrusion de supports de catalyseurs (1999)

Certains supports de catalyseurs de l'industrie petrochimique, a haute surface specifique, sont fabriques par extrusion d'une pate de dioxyde de titane proche de l'empilement compact (60% de poudre de tio 2 et 40% de liant acide). Des defauts d'ecoulement limitant parfois l'utilisation du procede, ce travail de these a pour objet la caracterisation, la modelisation et l'identification du comportement de ce materiau. - le premier point cle concerne la caracterisation du comportement rheologique. Nous avons realise deux types d'essais : l'essai capillaire, representatif de la rheologie des polymeres et tres proche du procede (ecoulement stationnaire a des taux de cisaillement eleves) et l'essai d'ecrasement dont nous montrons qu'il s'apparente aux essais draines de la mecanique des sols. Ces essais mettent en evidence une heterogeneite de la pate induite par son ecoulement. - le second point cle concerne la modelisation. Pour construire un modele rendant compte du caractere heterogene de ce materiau, nous utilisons la theorie des melanges, qui dans le cas des pates pour l'injection (b. Lanteri) a permis de modeliser les phenomenes de glissement apparent sur les outillages. - le troisieme point cle, necessaire a la prise en compte d'une situation reelle d'extrusion, mais aussi au depouillement des essais, concerne le calcul. La difficulte numerique principale vient de la resolution d'un systeme d'equations non lineaires elliptiques et de transport couplees en vitesse-pression et en fraction volumique. Pour resoudre le probleme d'ecrasement, nous proposons une methode incrementale. L'ecoulement est resolu par la methode de galerkin et le probleme d'evolution par la methode de taylor-galerkin discontinu. Finalement, nous proposons une identification complete du comportement de ce materiau a partir d'un essai d'ecrasement repute homogene (forte vitesse) et d'un essai repute non homogene (faible vitesse).
Improved prediction of PSA recurrence through systems pathology (2004)

4591 Improved prediction of PSA recurrence through systems pathology Background: Current tools in clinical practice which are used to predict PSA recurrence s/p radical prostatectomy have been limited to a consideration of clinical/pathological (clinpath) features. We evaluated whether integrating clinpath, biomarker (IHC), and bio-imaging (IMG) data in a systems pathology platform could improve the prediction of PSA recurrence. A cohort of patients s/p surgery from the Baylor College of Medicine was studied. High-density tissue microarrays (TMAs) were constructed from prostatectomy specimens. An H&E of each TMA was used for image analysis; IHC was performed with 14 biomarkers. A patented supervised multivariate learning approach was developed and from the 3 datasets' features, a predictive model for PSA recurrence was derived. Methods: Clinpath information was collected retrospectively. TMA cores with ≥ 80% tumor were analyzed using a proprietary automated image quantitation system. Serial sections were immunostained and double-read for intensity and percent positive cells. 132 patients with complete non-missing data in each domain were placed in a support vector machine for regression developed to handle censored data (SVRc). Predictive performance of the model was estimated using the concordance index (CI) and optimized with an ensemble of neural networks (NNci). Scores generated by the model were used to define risk groups of patients to explore differences in time to recurrence. Results: Using SVRc, clinpath features had a CI of 0.79; clinpath + IHC features had a CI of 0.81, and by integrating IMG the CI increased to 0.84. After optimization using NNci, the final CI was 0.88. A total of 41 features (17 clinpath, 14 IHC, 10 IMG) out of 562 were selected. Using the log-rank test, a significant difference in PSA recurrence was observed between risk groups (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: The study demonstrates an incremental trend of improved PSA recurrence prediction through the use of a new systems approach combining clinpath, IHC, IMG using SVRc and NNci. This systems pathology approach has the potential to form the basis of a new generation of predictive clinical tools. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
A direct, versatile route to functionalized trialkoxysilanes (2014)

The peroxide initiated radical addition of dithiocarbonates (xanthates) to trialkoxy vinylsilanes leads to functionalized trialkoxysilanes. Prior addition of the dithiocarbonates to an alkene before reaction with the vinylsilane can be used to increase the complexity of the final product.
The Relevance Of Long-Duration TLP Stress On System Level ESD Design (2011)

ABSTRACT An analysis of long-duration TLP stress will be performed on ESD clamps representative of the most commonly used ESD protection strategies. It will be shown that snapback-based High Voltage devices feature static filamentary conduction after triggering. This leads to failure for TLP pulse widths in excess of 100ns, well below the expected power scaling levels. The need for long TLP testing to establish ESD protection robustness in the system level stress regime will be demonstrated.
Purification and Biochemical Characteristics of Fibrinolytic Enzyme from Streptomyces corcohrussi JK-20 (2010)

토양에서 생육하는 Streptomyces corcohrussi의 혈전용해효소가 DEAE-Sephadex A-50 그리고 Sephadex G-50 젤 여과를 이용한 크로마토그라피 방법에 의해 순수분리 되었다. SDS-PAGE 분석결과, 분리된 효소는 단일 단백질이고, 그 분자량은 약 34 kDa 이라는 것을 알 수 있었다. 순수분리된 효소의 혈전용해활성은 plasminogen-rich fibrin plate에서 0.8 U/ml 이었으나, plasminogen-free fibrin plate 에서의 그 효소활성은 0.36 U/ml 이하이었다. 이러한 결과로, 순수 분리된 효소가 plasminogen activator 로 작용한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 단백질 저해제인 <TEX>$\varepsilon$</TEX>-ACA, t-AMCHA 와 mercuric chloride의 존재시에 그 혈전용해활성은 24% 이하이었는데, 이러한 결과는 이들 plasmin 저해제 그리고(혹은) fibrinogen을 fibrin으로 전환시키는 과정과 관련된 fibrinogen 저해제에 의해 이 효소가 조절될 수 있음을 나타낼 수 있다. 한편으로, 중금속 이온인 <TEX>$Zn^{2+}$</TEX>은 그 활성을 58% 감소시켰다. 순수 분리된 효소의 최적 온도는 약 <TEX>$50^{\circ}C$</TEX> 이었고, 그 효소활성의 92% 이상은 pH 5.0과 8.0 사이에서 유지되었다. 그러므로, 이러한 결과들은 하나의 강력한 혈전용해효소를 제공해서, S. corcohrussi 유래 새로운 혈전용해제의 개발에 기여하도록 한다. A fibrinolytic enzyme of Streptomyces corcohrussi from soil sediment was purified by chromatography using DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Sephadex G-50. The analysis of SDS-polyacrylamide gel suggested that the purified enzyme is a homogeneous protein and the molecular mass is approximately 34 kDa. The purified enzyme showed activity of 0.8 U/ml in a plasminogen-rich fibrin plate, while its activity in a plasminogen-free fibrin plate was only 0.36 U/ml. These results suggested that the purified enzyme acts as a plasminogen activator. The fibrinolytic activity of the enzyme under the supplementation of protease inhibitors, <TEX>$\varepsilon$</TEX>-ACA, t-AMCHA and mercuric chloride in the enzyme reaction was less than 24%, indicating that it could be modulated by the plasmin and/or fibrinogen inhibitors involved in the fibrinogen-to-fibrin converting process. As time passed, <TEX>$Zn^{2+}$</TEX>, a heavy metal ion, inhibited the activity to 34.1%. The optimum temperature of the purified enzyme was approximately <TEX>$50^{\circ}C$</TEX> and over 92% of the enzyme activity was maintained between pH 5.0 and 8.0. Therefore, our results provide a potential fibrinolytic enzyme as a noble thrombolytic agent from S. corcohrussi.
Positive association of dopamine D2 receptor polymorphism with bipolar affective disorder in a European multicenter association study of affective disorders (2002)

Convincing evidence for a genetic component in the etiology of affective disorders (AD), including bipolar affective disorder (BPAD) and unipolar affective disorder (UPAD), is supported by traditional and molecular genetic studies. Most arguments lead to the complex inheritance hypothesis, suggesting that the mode of inheritance is probably not Mendelian but most likely oligogenic (or polygenic) and that the contribution of genes could be moderate or weak. The purpose of the present European multicenter study (13 centers) was to test the potential role in BPAD and UPAD of two candidate dopaminergic markers, DRD2 and DRD3, using a case-control association design. The following samples were analyzed for DRD2: 358 BPAD/358 control (C) and 133 UPAD/ 133 C subjects, and for DRD3: 325 BPAD/ 325 C and 136 UPAD/136 C subjects. Patients and controls were individually matched for sex, age ( plus minus five years) and geographical origin. Evidence for significant association between BPAD and DRD2 emerged, with an over-representation of genotype 5-5 (P=0.004) and allele 5 (P=0.002) in BPAD cases compared to controls. No association was found for DRD2 in UPAD, and for DRD3 neither in BPAD or UPAD. Our results suggest that the DRD2 microsatellite may be in linkage disequilibrium with a nearby genetic variant involved in the susceptibility to BPAD. Our large European sample allowed for replicating of some previous reported positive findings obtained in other study populations.
Privacy and security of features extracted from minutiae aggregates (2010)

This paper describes our recent analysis on the security and privacy of biometric feature vectors obtained from fingerprint minutiae. A large number of contiguous regions (cuboids) are selected at random in the minutiae space, and several new features are extracted from the minutiae inside each such cuboid. Specifically, the features are extracted from the average minutia coordinate within a cuboid, the standard deviation of the minutiae coordinates, and the aggregate wall distance, i.e., the sum of distance of each minutia from the boundary of the cuboids. In terms of matching performance on a public database, the feature vectors provide an equal error rate of 3 % even if the imposter is allowed to use the same local patches as the genuine user. Performance within a secure biometrics framework is evaluated by applying an LDPC code to the feature vectors and storing only the syndrome at the access control device, for use in authentication. The paper concludes with a discussion on methods to analyze security and privacy of biometric systems that use such local-aggregate-based feature vectors in a secure biometric recognition framework. This discussion highlights security attacks via template injection, spoofing, and cancelability compromises and also considers the difficulty of privacy attacks via template inversion.
Activated human T lymphocytes inhibit TGFβ-induced fibroblast to myofibroblast differentiation via prostaglandins D2and E2 (2018)

In pulmonary fibrosis (PF), fibroblasts and myofibroblasts proliferate and deposit excessive extracellular matrix in the interstitium, impairing normal lung function. Because most forms of PF have a poor prognosis and limited treatment options, PF represents an urgent unmet need for novel, effective therapeutics. Although the role of immune cells in lung fibrosis is unclear, recent studies suggest that T lymphocyte (T cell) activation may be impaired in PF patients. Furthermore, we have previously shown that activated T cells can produce prostaglandins with anti-scarring potential. Here, we test the hypothesis that activated T cells directly inhibit myofibroblast differentiation using a coculture system. Coculture with activated primary blood-derived T cells, from both healthy human donors and PF patients, inhibited transforming growth factor β-induced myofibroblast differentiation in primary human lung fibroblasts isolated from either normal or PF lung tissue. Coculture supernatants contained anti-fibrotic prostaglandins D<sub>2</sub> and E<sub>2</sub>, and the inhibitory effect of coculture on myofibroblast differentiation was largely reversed when prostaglandin production was abrogated either by resting the T cells before coculture or via specific pharmacological inhibitors. Moreover, coculture conditions induced COX-2 in HLFs but not in T cells, suggesting that T cells deliver an activating signal to HLFs, which in turn produce anti-fibrotic prostaglandins. We show for the first time that coculture with activated primary human T lymphocytes strongly inhibits myofibroblast differentiation, revealing a novel cell-to-cell communication network with therapeutic implications for fibrotic lung diseases.
A new accurate (time-independent) method for treating reactive collisions: conversion of a scattering problem into a bound problem (1990)

This work describes a new (time-independent) approach to the study of atom–diatom reactive collisions in the collinear case and in three dimensions. The method is based on the idea of converting a reactive multi-arrangement problem into an inelastic single-arrangement problem. This conversion is done by applying optical potentials which are located at all exits of the reagents arrangement. The reactive transition probabilities are calculated applying flux formulae. The method is reminiscent of a previous time-dependent method that was successfully applied for both collinear and three-dimensional reactive collisions.
Two New 3-Methoxy-4-quinolone Alkaloids from the Bark of Sarcomelicope megistophylla. (2000)

Two new alkaloids, megistonine I (1) and megistonine II (2), were isolated from the bark of Sarcomelelicope megistophylla. Their structures, which are derived from the 3-methoxy-4-quinolone basic skeleton, were elucidated on the basis of MS and extensive NMR studies.
Localizing Multiple Events Using Times of Arrival: a Parallelized, Hierarchical Approach to the Association Problem (2012)

A fundamental problem in localizing multiple events based on Times of Arrival (ToAs) at a number of sensors is that of associating ToAs with events. We consider this problem in the context of acoustic sensors monitoring events that are closely spaced in time. Due to the relatively low speed of propagation of sound, the order in which the events arrive at a sensor need not be the same as the order in which they occur, potentially creating fundamental ambiguities. We first explore such ambiguities in an idealized setting with two events and noiseless observations, showing that it is possible to localize both events with nine or more sensors (as long as degenerate sensor placement is avoided), but that we can construct examples with six sensors for which unambiguous space-time localization is not possible. We then show that these potential ambiguities are not a bottleneck in typical practical settings, proposing and evaluating an algorithm that successfully localizes multiple events using noisy observations. The algorithm employs parallelism and hierarchical processing to avoid the excessive complexity of naïvely trying all possible associations of events with ToAs. We use discretization of hypothesized event times to enable us to efficiently generate a set of candidate event locations, which contain noisy versions of true events as well as phantom events. We refine these estimates iteratively, discarding “obvious” phantoms, and then solve a linear programming formulation for matching true events to ToAs, while identifying outliers and misses. Simulation results indicate excellent performance that is comparable to a genie-based algorithm which is given the correct association between ToAs and events.
Structure-Based Super-Resolution in Quantum Information (2013)

We show that prior information, such as that a quantum state is sparse in a known mathematical basis, enables algorithmic reconstruction of an initial three-photon state from two-photon coincidence measurements, thereby achieving quantum super-resolution.
Sensory-Guided Multidimensional Exploration of Antisweet Principles from Gymnema sylvestre (Retz) Schult (2021)

We report on activity-guided investigation of the key antisweet principles of <i>Gymnema sylvestre</i>. Orosensory-guided fractionation by means of solid phase extraction, preparative 2D-LC, and semipreparative HPLC followed by accurate MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments revealed six known and three previously unknown gymnemic acids as the key constituents of seven highly sensory-active fractions. Localized via a modified comparative taste dilution analysis (cTDA) and taste modulation probability (TMP) based screening techniques, a strong intrinsic bitterness was also observed for gymnemic acids. In addition, the suppressive effects of the most abundant acids on the response of the human sweet taste receptor to sucrose were verified by means of a functional hTAS1R2/hTAS1R3 sweet taste receptor assay. This in vitro screening revealed large differences in antisweet activity among the isolated compounds, where gymnemic acids XV and XIX showed the highest sweet suppressing activity. This broad-based molecular characterization of the sweet taste inhibiting activity of <i>Gymnema sylvestre</i> will enable further insight into the molecular basis of sweet taste modulation at the receptor level.
A Hero Remembered - With Raoul Wallenberg in Budapest. By Per Anger. Preface by Elie Wiesel. Translated from the Swedish by David Mel Paul and Margareta Paul. New York: Holocaust Library, 1981. 192 pp. Illustrations. $4.95, paper. - The Righteous Gentile. By John Bierman. New York: Viking, 1981. xii, 284 pp. $12.95. - Wallenberg. The man in the Iron Web. By Elenore Lester. Foreword by Simon Wiesenthal. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982. viii, 183 pp. Illustrations. $12.95. - Wallenberg. By Rati Marton. New York: Random House, 1982. ix, 244 pp. Illustrations. $15.00. - Raoul Wallenberg: Angel of Rescue. By Harvey Rosenfeld. Foreword by Jack Kemp. Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1982. xii, 261 pp. Maps. Illustrations. $19.95. - Lost Hero: The Mystery of Raoul Wallenberg. By Frederick E. Werbell and Thurston Clarke. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982. xix, 284 pp. Illustrations. $12.95. (1983)

A Hero Remembered - With Raoul Wallenberg in Budapest. By Per Anger. Preface by Elie Wiesel. Translated from the Swedish by David Mel Paul and Margareta Paul. New York: Holocaust Library, 1981. 192 pp. Illustrations. $4.95, paper. - The Righteous Gentile. By John Bierman. New York: Viking, 1981. xii, 284 pp. $12.95. - Wallenberg. The man in the Iron Web. By Elenore Lester. Foreword by Simon Wiesenthal. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice-Hall, 1982. viii, 183 pp. Illustrations. $12.95. - Wallenberg. By Rati Marton. New York: Random House, 1982. ix, 244 pp. Illustrations. $15.00. - Raoul Wallenberg: Angel of Rescue. By Harvey Rosenfeld. Foreword by Jack Kemp. Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1982. xii, 261 pp. Maps. Illustrations. $19.95. - Lost Hero: The Mystery of Raoul Wallenberg. By Frederick E. Werbell and Thurston Clarke. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1982. xix, 284 pp. Illustrations. $12.95. - Volume 42 Issue 4