gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investments in high-payoff technologies could reduce toll of infections (2005)

H ealth care-associated infections, the fourth-leading cause of disease in the United States, are a major public health problem accounting for approximately 2 million infections, 90,000 unnecessary deaths, and $4.5 billion in excess health care costs in the United States each year. While numbers of patients treated in hospitals and average lengths of stay decreased during recent decades, hospital-acquired infections have increased. Further, the consequences of hospital-acquired infections are more severe than a decade ago due to emerging antibiotic-resistant microbes, especially Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus species. Aggressive control measures can slow and usually halt the spread of difficult-to-contain infectious agents. For example, isolating patients and decontaminating environments quickly eliminated the SARS coronavirus from the human population. However, implementing such control measures is expensive, and the extreme practices that were used to control SARS are not necessary or practical for most hospital situations. Typically, control of health care-associated infections relies on identifying the infectious agent and its genotypic properties, obtaining information on the numbers of potentially exposed patients and their environment, and then applying appropriate infection control measures. A substantial national investment to stimulate the development and deployment of new technologies aimed at reducing health care-associated infections could yield a near-term, high return in lives and costs saved. Although reducing the impact of other major killer diseases could entail many years of research, health care-associated infections could be quickly reduced through technical advances in agent identification and by improving control measures such as contact precautions, isolation, decolonization, decontamination, and appropriate antibiotic usage.
Modular Instrument for a Haptically-Enabled Robotic Surgical System (HeroSurg) (2018)

To restore the sense of touch in robotic surgical systems, a modular force feedback-enabled laparoscopic instrument is developed and employed in a robotic-assisted minimally invasive surgical system (HeroSurg). Strain gauge technology is incorporated into the instrument to measure tip/tissue lateral interaction forces. The modularity feature of the proposed instrument makes it interchangeable between various tip types of different functionalities, e.g., cutter, grasper, and dissector, without losing force sensing capability. Series of experiments are conducted and results are reported to evaluate force sensing capability of the instrument. The results reveal mean errors of 1.32 g and 1.98° in the measurements of tip/tissue load magnitude and direction across all experiments, respectively.
Hydrothermally Stable Ordered Mesoporous Titanosilicates with Highly Active Catalytic Sites (2002)

Mesoporous titanosilicates (MTS-9) are successfully prepared in strong acidic media by a two-step synthesis. MTS-9 has an ordered hexagonal structure and exhibits superior hydrothermal stability and high catalytic activity for the oxidation of the small molecules of phenol and styrene and also of the bulky molecule of trimethylphenol.
Artificial Ligaments (2006)

The history of artificial ligaments includes possibly more than its fair share of controversy and failures. One main task of this chapter is to review the history to extract the lessons that will be valuable for the future. Although artificial ligaments are presently unpopular, memories of previous disappointments inevitably fade, while at the same time, technology continues, opening up novel approaches to the problem. The second task of this chapter is to look to the future: is there a case for pursuing the development of artificial ligaments at all? If so, how might this be done for the errors of the past to be avoided?
The role of an anti-idiotype antibody in regulating hapten (azobenzenearsonate)-specific granuloma formation. (1987)

Antibody regulation of hapten-specific granulomas was studied in mice in order to assess the relationship between an anti-idiotypic antibody and granuloma formation. An anti-idiotypic antibody was raised against the idiotype of an azobenzenearsonate (ABA)-specific antibody of A/J mice. The anti-idiotypic antibody was subcutaneously (s.c.) administered to syngeneic mice prior to challenge with ABA-coupled polyacrylamide beads injected into the intestinal wall. The results of such a challenge were assessed histologically for granuloma formation at 24-h intervals. Mice primed with anti-Id antibody and challenged with ABA-linked beads developed epithelioid granulomas at 72 and 96 hr post-challenge. Unprimed mice or mice primed with control antibodies did not develop granulomas when challenged with ABA-linked beads. Moreover, we found that priming with anti-Id antibody intravenously (i.v.) resulted in suppression of intestinal granuloma formation that was similar to that observed previously after priming mice i.v. with ABA-coupled spleen cells (Ginsburg et al., 1982). This study demonstrates the induction and suppression of hapten-specific granuloma formation in the intestine by an anti-Id antibody. The observations indicate a role for the idiotype-anti-idiotype interaction in regulation of hapten-specific granuloma formation, and may have implications for the manner in which the host reacts against self in the autoimmune inflammatory process.
Exposure of calcium fluoride resist with the scanning tunneling microscope (1987)

The scanning tunneling microscope (STM) can be used to generate very fine beams of very low energy electrons (below 100 eV). Under optimum conditions the beam diameter is proportional to beam voltage and hence, when using such a beam as an exposure tool it is desirable to employ the thinnest possible resists. The metal halides in general have several properties that make them attractive candidates for use in a scanning tunneling microscope. They are easily evaporated as thin films of thickness from 10 to 100 nm. It is important that an insulating resist film be thin so that the electrons can penetrate it and the tip does not crash into it. Thicker films require a higher accelerating voltage and this degrades resolution. The sensitivity of the metal halides is on the order of 1 C/cm2, which coincides with the dose range most readily obtainable in our instrument. Finally, the exposure voltage threshold of the metal halides is thought to be in the range of a few tens of volts. This is low enough to take advantage of the very fine low energy beams available from the STM, but high enough to exclude secondary electrons from contributing to the exposure process. The calcium fluoride was thermally evaporated onto a silicon substrate. When exposed to a beam of electrons, the fluorine dissociates and the calcium converts to calcium oxide, which can be dissolved in water. We have demonstrated the ability of the STM to expose lines in CaF2 with linewidths from tens to hundreds of nanometers and have shown the degradation of resolution as beam voltage increases.
SOFIA 2 model telescope wind tunnel test report (1995)

This document outlines the tests performed to make aerodynamic force and torque measurements on the SOFIA wind tunnel model telescope. These tests were performed during the SOFIA 2 wind tunnel test in the 14 ft wind tunnel during the months of June through August 1994. The test was designed to measure the dynamic cross elevation moment acting on the SOFIA model telescope due to aerodynamic loading. The measurements were taken with the telescope mounted in an open cavity in the tail section of the SOFIA model 747. The purpose of the test was to obtain an estimate of the full scale aerodynamic disturbance spectrum, by scaling up the wind tunnel results (taking into account differences in sail area, air density, cavity dimension, etc.). An estimate of the full scale cross elevation moment spectrum was needed to help determine the impact this disturbance would have on the telescope positioning system requirements. A model of the telescope structure, made of a light weight composite material, was mounted in the open cavity of the SOFIA wind tunnel model. This model was mounted via a force balance to the cavity bulkhead. Despite efforts to use a 'stiff' balance, and a lightweight model, the balance/telescope system had a very low resonant frequency (37 Hz) compared to the desired measurement bandwidth (1000 Hz). Due to this mechanical resonance of the balance/telescope system, the balance alone could not provide an accurate measure of applied aerodynamic force at the high frequencies desired. A method of measurement was developed that incorporated accelerometers in addition to the balance signal, to calculate the aerodynamic force.
Beam Migration of Canadian Foothills Datasets (2009)

Summary We have developed a beam method for shot-domain prestack depth migration. Based on a complex-ray Maslov formulation, this method overcomes the limitations of Kirchhoff migration in imaging multipathing arrivals, while retaining its flexibility with input geometry and its capability of imaging steep dips and overturned structures with turning waves. It is especially useful for seismic imaging of the Canadian Foothills, where subsurface structures are complex and data-acquisition geometries are often irregular. We demonstrate in this study the application of this method to 2D and 3D datasets from the Foothills. We show that the beam method produces better images than the Kirchhoff method on both shallow and deeper parts of the migrated sections, and when compared with the Kirchhoff images, the beam migration results are often cleaner and have much less migration swinging artifacts.
Endoscopic probe optics for spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (2013)

Spectrally encoded confocal microscopy (SECM) is a form of reflectance confocal microscopy that can achieve high imaging speeds using relatively simple probe optics. Previously, the feasibility of conducting large-area SECM imaging of the esophagus in bench top setups has been demonstrated. Challenges remain, however, in translating SECM into a clinically-useable device; the tissue imaging performance should be improved, and the probe size needs to be significantly reduced so that it can fit into luminal organs of interest. In this paper, we report the development of new SECM endoscopic probe optics that addresses these challenges. A custom water-immersion aspheric singlet (NA = 0.5) was developed and used as the objective lens. The water-immersion condition was used to reduce the spherical aberrations and specular reflection from the tissue surface, which enables cellular imaging of the tissue deep below the surface. A custom collimation lens and a small-size grating were used along with the custom aspheric singlet to reduce the probe size. A dual-clad fiber was used to provide both the single- and multi- mode detection modes. The SECM probe optics was made to be 5.85 mm in diameter and 30 mm in length, which is small enough for safe and comfortable endoscopic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract. The lateral resolution was 1.8 and 2.3 µm for the single- and multi- mode detection modes, respectively, and the axial resolution 11 and 17 µm. SECM images of the swine esophageal tissue demonstrated the capability of this device to enable the visualization of characteristic cellular structural features, including basal cell nuclei and papillae, down to the imaging depth of 260 µm. These results suggest that the new SECM endoscopic probe optics will be useful for imaging large areas of the esophagus at the cellular scale in vivo.
Particulate Incorporation Process and Uniformity of Particulate Distribution of the Aluminum Matrix Composite Manufactured by Melt Stirring Method (1991)

The process of particulate incorporation into liquid aluminum and the uniformity of particulate distribution in the matrix were investigated. During the melt-stirring period, particles take three different states as follows: (a) as powders, (b) particulate agglomerates combined with metal, and (c) particles incorporated in the matrix.During the early stage of stirring, particulate incorporation does not start, although agglomerates are formed. However, particulate incorporation begins rapidly after a definite time of stirring (τ). Comparing the incorporation process of SiC particles with the wetting process of SiC plate to liquid aluminum, the wettability is found to be a dominant factor for the particulate incorporation process. The particulate distribution was not uniform just after particulate incorporation has finished, because particles were incorporated into melt as agglomerates. However, a sufficient stirring time makes the uniformity of particulate dispersion better. On the other hand, by adding surface active elements such as Pb or Bi, which decreases the surface energy of liquid aluminum, the uniformity of particulate dispersion in Al-Li and Al-Mg liquid aluminum alloys was improved in a shorter stirring time.
ChemInform Abstract: Unconventional Isomerization of Allylic Alcohols to Allylcarbinols Mediated by Lanthanide Catalysts. (2013)

Abstract The procedure provides products with olefinic positions which are different to those afforded by typical transition metal catalysts.
Atomic layer etching of gallium nitride (0001) (2017)

In this work, atomic layer etching (ALE) of thin film Ga-polar GaN(0001) is reported in detail using sequential surface modification by Cl2 adsorption and removal of the modified surface layer by low energy Ar plasma exposure in a standard reactive ion etching system. The feasibility and reproducibility of the process are demonstrated by patterning GaN(0001) films by the ALE process using photoresist as an etch mask. The demonstrated ALE is deemed to be useful for the fabrication of nanoscale structures and high electron mobility transistors and expected to be adoptable for ALE of other materials.
Preliminary Clinical Validation of Multi-tensor Tractography and Automated Tract Segmentation for Surgical Planning in Brain Tumors (2020)

Noh, Thomas MD; Juvekar, Parikshit; Zhang, Fan; Bose, Mitali; Frisken, Sarah; Golby, Alexandra J MD Author Information
Role of Hippocampal Lipocalin-2 in Experimental Diabetic Encephalopathy (2019)

Diabetic encephalopathy is a severe diabetes-related complication in the central nervous system (CNS) that is characterized by degenerative neurochemical and structural changes leading to impaired cognitive function. While the exact pathophysiology of diabetic encephalopathy is not well-understood, it is likely that neuroinflammation is one of the key pathogenic mechanisms that cause this complication. Lipocalin-2 (LCN2) is an acute phase protein known to promote neuroinflammation via the recruitment and activation of immune cells and glia, particularly microglia and astrocytes, thereby inducing proinflammatory mediators in a range of neurological disorders. In this study, we investigated the role of LCN2 in multiple aspects of diabetic encephalopathy in mouse models of diabetes. Here, we show that induction of diabetes increased the expression of both <i>Lcn2</i> mRNA and protein in the hippocampus. Genetic deficiency of <i>Lcn2</i> significantly reduced gliosis, recruitment of macrophages, and production of inflammatory cytokines in the diabetic mice. Further, diabetes-induced hippocampal toxicity and cognitive decline were both lower in <i>Lcn2</i> knockout mice than in the wild-type animals. Taken together, our findings highlight the critical role of LCN2 in the pathogenesis of diabetic encephalopathy.
A 3.2GS/s 4.55b ENOB two-step subranging ADC in 45nm SOI CMOS (2012)

A 3.2GS/s two-step subranging ADC is implemented in a 45nm SOI-CMOS technology. The measured ENOB is 4.55b at 1.6GHz. The IIP3 is -1.1dBm. The power consumption is 22mW from a 1.05V voltage supply for a FOM of 290fJ/ conversion-step. The chip occupies an active area of 0.07mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
How to Choose Suitable Secure Multiparty Computation Using Generalized SPDZ (2018)

A variety of secure multiparty computation (MPC) protocols have been proposed up to now. Since their performance characteristics are incomparable, the most suitable MPC protocol may be completely different depending on the given computational task and environment. It is tedious work to compare all the possibility to choose the most suitable MPC. The paper " Generalizing the SPDZ Compiler For Other Protocols'' in this ACM-CCS 2018 shows a framework for adding MPC protocols to a development tool of MPC program called "SPDZ'', which enables to compare multiple protocols easily. This poster and demo show how this framework is useful for choosing the suitable protocol for given target computation and environment.
Optical image inversion and edge detection based on Vertical Cavity Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers (VCSOAs) (2005)

We demonstrate optical image inversion and edge detection by employing a VCSOA in the focal plane of a 4-f optical system to manipulate both phase and amplitude of the zero-order spatial frequency component of images.
AN ALGEBRAIC APPROACH (1983)

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High-power single-frequency fiber lasers (1999)

At the first time, tunable (up to 40 nm) single frequency (FWHM &lt; 30 kHz) Yb and Yb/Er doped fiber lasers based on the MOPFA configuration with the output power from 1 W to 10 W in CW have been demonstrated and realized as final products. In particular, the different kind of master oscillators schematics including DBR fiber lasers, ring resonator fiber laser and fiber coupled external cavity LD's have been used. The ultimate output power limitation due to SBS were investigated.
Two-incision THA Had Modest Outcomes and Some Substantial Complications (2005)

Prognostic study, Level III (retrospective study). See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
McLeod Syndrome: life-long neuropsychiatric disorder due to a novel mutation of the XK gene (2005)

A 50-year-old man presented with worsening, virtually lifelong, chorea and progressive behavioural disturbance, involving disinhibition and hoarding, over 10 years. Clinical assessment revealed chorea, dysarthria, areflexia, an inappropriately jovial, impulsive manner and neuropsychological evidence of frontosubcortical dysfunction. Investigation results included an elevated creatine kinase, caudate atrophy and hypoperfusion, acanthocytes in the peripheral blood and the McLeod phenotype. DNA studies demonstrated a single-base deletion at position 172 in exon 1 of the XK gene, giving rise to a premature stop codon at position 129 in exon 2.
4.3: Lifetime‐ and Power‐Enhanced RGBW Displays Based on White OLEDs (2005)

Abstract In this paper, we describe techniques for improving the power consumption and lifetime of full‐color AMOLED displays with an RGBW pixel format. A highly efficient and stable white OLED, with color optimized for the display white point (D65) has been developed, which enables low power consumption as well as stable emission. Additionally, a novel approach for improving the lifetime of RGBW displays using subsampled R and B subpixels is discussed.
“ortho-Wurster's Crowns”:  Synthesis and Properties of a Novel Phenylenediamine-Based Redox-Active Macrocyclic Ligand (2002)

A hybrid, macrocyclic structure based on o-phenylenediamine and a crown ether promotes an intimate mutual interaction with a bound potassium ion in the form of chelation by the redox-active moiety. A general synthetic method and properties are described for the first member of a new class of redox-active, lariat-type macrocycles called the "o-Wurster's crowns".
Faraday Balance with Hemispheric Pole Pieces an Approach for Identification Zone with a Stable Value of Induction Pole Gradient (2017)

The paper observes matter about identification of zone with a stable value of gradient in Faraday’s balance. This matter is solved by purpose obtained coordinate characteristics of magnetic field induction between pole pieces of such balance. The paper shows that such identification may be quite effective when given characteristic (usually it is non-linear and doesn’t yield to desired linear even local approximation) is curly, i.e. has an inflection. It is possible to make a linear approximation of rather shortly characteristic’s region, i.e. establish a stable values of induction pole gradient. It is also possible to get visualized extremum view of gradient induction characteristic: in the vicinity of its extremum gradient value are relatively stable.
Control with building mass-Part I: Thermal response model (2006)

In this paper we derive a general model and reliable identification procedures that can be applied autonomously for on-line forecasting of wall, zone, and whole building transient thermal responses. Several important aspects of building HVAC operation-fault detection, curtailment, verification, model-based control, and commissioning-are enabled or facilitated by use of accurate building-specific models. The methods of thermal response model identification developed in this work require little or no user intervention. Test cases for the model and identification procedures include a laboratory test room and a 60-unit apartment building in Ryazan, Russia.
Samuel Goldstein (1938 – 1994) (1994)

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MRzero: Fully automated invention of MRI sequences using supervised learning (2020)

Purpose: A supervised learning framework is proposed to automatically generate MR sequences and corresponding reconstruction without human knowledge on MR strategies. This enables a target-based optimization from scratch, as well as exploration of novel and flexible MR sequence strategies. Methods: The entire scanning and reconstruction process is simulated end-to-end in terms of RF events, gradient moment events in x and y, and delay times, acting on the input model spin system given in terms of proton density, T1 and T2, and B0. As proof of concept we use both conventional MR images but also binary masks and T1 maps as a target and optimize from scratch using the loss defined by data fidelity, SAR, and scan time. Results: In a first attempt, MRzero learns all gradient and RF events from zero, and is able to generate the aimed at target image. Appending a neural network layer to the reconstruction module also arbitrary targets were learned successfully. Experiments could be translated to image acquisition at a real system (3T Siemens, PRISMA) and could be verified in measurements of phantoms and the human brain in vivo. Discussion/Conclusion: We have developed a fully automated MR sequence generator based on Bloch equation simulations and supervised learning. While we focus on the method herein, having such a differentiable digital MR twin at hand paves the way to a novel way of generating MR sequence and reconstruction solely governed by the target provided, which can be a certain MR contrast, but the possibilities for targets are limitless, e.g. quantification, segmentation, as well as contrasts of other image modalities.
Transgene autoexcision in switchgrass pollen mediated by the Bxb1 recombinase (2014)

The results presented here mark an important milestone towards the establishment of a reliable biocontainment system for switchgrass which will facilitate the development of this crop as a biorefinery feedstock through advanced biotechnological approaches.