gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cost-effective subaperture approaches to finishing and testing astronomical optics (2006)

The fabrication and metrology of astronomical optics are very demanding tasks. In particular, the large sizes needed for astronomical optics and mirrors present significant manufacturing challenges. One of the long-lead aspects (and primary cost drivers) of this process has traditionally been the final polishing and metrology steps. Furthermore, traditional polishing becomes increasingly difficult if the optics are aspheric and/or lightweight. QED Technologies (QED(r)) has developed two novel technologies that have had a significant impact on the production of precision optics. Magnetorheological Finishing (MRF(r)) is a deterministic, production proven, sub-aperture polishing process that can enable significant reductions in cost and lead-time in the production of large optics. MRF routinely achieves surface figure accuracy of better than 30 nm peak-to-valley (better than 5 nm rms) and microroughness better than 1 nm rms on a variety of glasses, glass ceramics and ceramic materials. Unique characteristics of MRF such as a comparatively high, stable removal rate, the conformal nature of the sub-aperture tool and a shear-mode material removal mechanism give it advantages in finishing large and lightweight optics. QED has, for instance, developed the Q22-950F MRF platform which is capable of finishing meter-class optics and the fundamental technology is scalable to even larger apertures. Using MRF for large optics is ideally partnered by a flexible metrology system that provides full aperture metrology of the surface to be finished. A method that provides significant advantages for mirror manufacturing is to characterize the full surface by stitching an array of sub-aperture measurements. Such a technique inherently enables the testing of larger apertures with higher resolution and typically higher accuracy. Furthermore, stitching lends itself to a greater range of optical surfaces that can be measured in a single setup. QED's Subaperture Stitching Interferometer (SSI(r)) complements MRF by extending the effective aperture, accuracy, resolution, and dynamic range of a standard phase-shifting interferometer. This paper will describe these novel approaches to large optics finishing, and present a variety of examples.
Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Combination with Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (2020)

The combination of ICI and SBRT has an acceptable safety profile and demonstrates a modest treatment benefit in patients with metastatic PDAC.
OpenConflict: Preventing Real Time Map Hacks in Online Games (2011)

We present a generic tool, Kartograph, that lifts the fog of war in online real-time strategy games by snooping on the memory used by the game. Kartograph is passive and cannot be detected remotely. Motivated by these passive attacks, we present secure protocols for distributing game state among players so that each client only has data it is allowed to see. Our system, Open Conflict, runs real-time games with distributed state. To support our claim that Open Conflict is sufficiently fast for real-time strategy games, we show the results of an extensive study of 1000 replays of Star craft II games between expert players. At the peak of a typical game, Open Conflict needs only 22 milliseconds on one CPU core each time state is synchronized.
TailorNet: Predicting Clothing in 3D as a Function of Human Pose, Shape\n and Garment Style (2020)

In this paper, we present TailorNet, a neural model which predicts clothing\ndeformation in 3D as a function of three factors: pose, shape and style\n(garment geometry), while retaining wrinkle detail. This goes beyond prior\nmodels, which are either specific to one style and shape, or generalize to\ndifferent shapes producing smooth results, despite being style specific. Our\nhypothesis is that (even non-linear) combinations of examples smooth out high\nfrequency components such as fine-wrinkles, which makes learning the three\nfactors jointly hard. At the heart of our technique is a decomposition of\ndeformation into a high frequency and a low frequency component. While the\nlow-frequency component is predicted from pose, shape and style parameters with\nan MLP, the high-frequency component is predicted with a mixture of shape-style\nspecific pose models. The weights of the mixture are computed with a narrow\nbandwidth kernel to guarantee that only predictions with similar high-frequency\npatterns are combined. The style variation is obtained by computing, in a\ncanonical pose, a subspace of deformation, which satisfies physical constraints\nsuch as inter-penetration, and draping on the body. TailorNet delivers 3D\ngarments which retain the wrinkles from the physics based simulations (PBS) it\nis learned from, while running more than 1000 times faster. In contrast to PBS,\nTailorNet is easy to use and fully differentiable, which is crucial for\ncomputer vision algorithms. Several experiments demonstrate TailorNet produces\nmore realistic results than prior work, and even generates temporally coherent\ndeformations on sequences of the AMASS dataset, despite being trained on static\nposes from a different dataset. To stimulate further research in this\ndirection, we will make a dataset consisting of 55800 frames, as well as our\nmodel publicly available at https://virtualhumans.mpi-inf.mpg.de/tailornet.\n
Phenotype of Hepatocyte Spheroids in Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) Containing a Thermo-Reversible Extracellular Matrix (2002)

The spheroid of specific cells is often regarded as the better form in artificial organs and mammalian cell bioreactors for improved cell-specific functions. In this study, freshly harvested primary rat hepatocytes, which had been cultivated as spheroids and entrapped in a synthetic thermo-reversible extracellular matrix, were examined for differentiated morphology and enhanced liver-specific functions as compared to a control set (hepatocytes in single-cell form). A copolymer of N-isopropylacrylamide (98 mole % in the feed) and acrylic acid (poly(NiPAAm-co-AAc)), and the adhesion molecule, an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-incorporated thermo-reversible matrix, were used to entrap hepatocytes in the form of either spheroids or single cells. In a 28-day culture period, the spheroids in the RGD-incorporated gel maintained higher viability and produced albumin and urea at constant rates, while there was lower cell viability and less albumin secretion by the spheroids in p(NiPAAm-co-AAc). Hepatocytes cultured as spheroids in the RGD-incorporated gel would constitute a potentially useful three-dimensional cell system for application in a bio-artificial liver device.
The Molecular Allergen Recognition Profile in China as Basis for Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy (2021)

Approximately 30% of the world population suffers from immunoglobulin-E (IgE)-mediated allergy. IgE-mediated allergy affects the respiratory tract, the skin and the gastrointestinal tract and may lead to life-threatening acute systemic manifestations such as anaphylactic shock. The symptoms of allergy are mediated by IgE-recognition of causative allergen molecules from different allergen sources. Today, molecular allergy diagnosis allows determining the disease-causing allergens to develop allergen-specific concepts for prevention and treatment of allergy. Allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies include allergen avoidance, vaccination, and tolerance induction. The implementation of these preventive and therapeutic strategies requires a detailed knowledge of the relevant allergen molecules affecting a given population. China is the world´s most populous country with around 1.4 billion inhabitants and an estimated number of more than 400 million allergic patients. Research in allergy in China has dramatically increased in the last decade. We summarize in this review article what is known about the dominating allergen sources and allergen molecules in China and what further investigations could be performed to draw a molecular map of IgE sensitization for China as a basis for the implementation of systematic and rational allergen-specific preventive and therapeutic strategies to combat allergic diseases in this country.
Compact Low-Noise Photonic Microwave Generation From Commercial Low-Noise Lasers (2017)

We demonstrate how phase-locking a whispering gallery mode-stabilized semiconductor laser to a high-stability Erbium-based distributed feedback fiber laser makes an outstanding optical reference for photonic microwave generation using an optical frequency comb. Using only commercially available compact lasers, it allows generation of a 12-GHz microwave signal with absolute levels of phase noise below -47 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz and -170 dBc/Hz at 50 kHz from the carrier.
Determination of the DNA content of the Reed-Sternberg cell of Hodgkin's disease by image analysis (1992)

The nature of the Reed Sternberg (RS) cell, the malignant cell of Hodgkin's disease (HD), remains unknown. Cytogenetic studies have yielded ambiguous results regarding the chromosomal profile of this cell. In an attempt to further clarify the ploidy status of the RS cell, we analyzed the DNA content of CD30-positive RS cells and RS cell variants in HD lesions from 32 patients using an image analysis system. A diploid and/or near-diploid (DNA index [DI], 1.0 +/- 0.2) and a tetraploid (2.0 +/- 0.2) RS cell population were identified in 9 and in 11 of the 32 cases examined, respectively. An aneuploid RS cell population was identified in 8 of the 32 cases examined. The remaining four cases contained two RS cell subpopulations with different DNA content, each one representing more than 15% of the total RS cell population. There was no significant correlation between the DNA content of the RS cells and the category of HD. Furthermore, analysis of multiple biopsies of an individual patient taken from different lymphoid organs at the same or different time periods showed a constant DNA profile. Our data indicate that RS cells can express variable DNA content and suggests that multiple subpopulations of RS cells with different DNA content may simultaneously coexist within the same HD lesion in some patients. In addition, the RS cell population within each patient appears to express a specific DNA content profile, possibly representing unique clones. These highly individualized profiles potentially may be useful as markers to follow the clinical course of patients with HD.
Design of a metamaterial-based linear insulated antenna using a genetic algorithm (2008)

Recent interest in the application of metamaterials to antenna design has shown some promise in terms of improving the performance of disadvantaged antennas. In this article, we shall consider the design of a linear insulated antenna with a metamaterial coating operating in a lossy surrounding medium. Performance shall be examined for two different embodiments of this antenna using a genetic algorithm as the design tool, and shall address designs based on maximum antenna bandwidth, gain, and gain-bandwidth product. Practical implementation of such antennas shall also be discussed and some experimental data presented. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE, 2009.
Resolution requirements to avoid limit cycling in LLC resonant converter (2016)

This paper introduces a general method for finding minimum resolution of digital pulse frequency modulators (DPFM) of LLC converters to avoid limit cycling oscillation (LCO) in the output voltage under worst operating conditions. This work is built on the prior art [1], [2] where detailed analysis of limit cycling has been investigated for different hard switching converters and for constant load current controlled soft switching converters. The analysis introduced here takes into account that both the switching frequency and the gain characteristic of the converter change with operating conditions and that the resolution of the DPFM can be selected from a constrained set of the combinations of those two values. Experimental results obtained from a 350 W, 400 V to 12 V LLC converter prove the effectiveness of the introduced analysis by varying DPFM resolution and comparison of LCO with the theoretically predicted results for different loads.
Triphenylphosphine reduction of dioxoosmium(VI) porphyrins. Crystal structures of bis(triphenylphosphine oxide)(octaethylporphinato)osmium(II) and bis(triphenylphosphine)(meso-tetraphenylporphinato)osmium(II) (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTriphenylphosphine reduction of dioxoosmium(VI) porphyrins. Crystal structures of bis(triphenylphosphine oxide)(octaethylporphinato)osmium(II) and bis(triphenylphosphine)(meso-tetraphenylporphinato)osmium(II)Chi Ming Che, Ting Fong Lai, Wai Cheung Chung, William P. Schaefer, and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1987, 26, 23, 3907–3911Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00270a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00270a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems (2023)

Electrical appliance energy consumption control methods and electrical energy consumption systems are described. In one aspect, an electrical appliance energy consumption control method includes providing an electrical appliance coupled with a power distribution system, receiving electrical energy within the appliance from the power distribution system, consuming the received electrical energy using a plurality of loads of the appliance, monitoring electrical energy of the power distribution system, and adjusting an amount of consumption of the received electrical energy via one of the loads of the appliance from an initial level of consumption to an other level of consumption different than the initial level of consumption responsive to the monitoring.
Switching surface polarity: synthesis and characterization of a fluorinated block copolymer with surface‐active tert ‐butoxycarbonyl groups (2000)

The surface behavior of a series of block copolymers constructed from poly(styrene-b-semifluorinated side-chain modified isoprene) copolymer was evaluated. The semifluorinated side groups were attached in a post-polymerization step. The presence of tert-butoxy carbonyl end groups permitted conversion of the polymer surface from a non-polar hydrocarbon to a polar hydroxylated structure. The microstructure of these block copolymers was investigated using both electron microscopy and small-angle x-ray diffraction. The surface properties of the as-prepared polymer films were dominated by the fluorinated block and were found to be independent of the underlying block copolymer microstructure. After removal of the tert-butoxy carbonyl end groups, a disordered, polar surface was produced. The surface properties of these films were studied using contact angle measurements and other surface analysis techniques. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Isovaline (Iva) and Iva‐Containing Dipeptides for Use in Peptide Synthesis. (1988)

Abstract The synthesis of the title compound (IV) (as hydrochloride) can be accomplished by hydrolysis of the ethylation product (III) from the oxazoline (I) which, in turn, is accessible from D‐alanine.
Chemical Complementation: Bringing the Power of Genetics to Chemistry (2007)

Summary

The prelims comprise: 



Introduction




History/Development




General Considerations




Applications




Future Development
Repurposing the Ebola and Marburg Virus Inhibitors Tilorone, Quinacrine and Pyronaridine: In vitro Activity Against SARS-CoV-2 and Potential Mechanisms (2020)

SARS-CoV-2 is a newly identified virus that has resulted in over 1.3 M deaths globally and over 59 M cases globally to date. Small molecule inhibitors that reverse disease severity have proven difficult to discover. One of the key approaches that has been widely applied in an effort to speed up the translation of drugs is drug repurposing. A few drugs have shown <i>in vitro</i> activity against Ebola virus and demonstrated activity against SARS-CoV-2 <i>in vivo</i> . Most notably the RNA polymerase targeting remdesivir demonstrated activity <i>in vitro</i> and efficacy in the early stage of the disease in humans. Testing other small molecule drugs that are active against Ebola virus would seem a reasonable strategy to evaluate their potential for SARS-CoV-2. We have previously repurposed pyronaridine, tilorone and quinacrine (from malaria, influenza, and antiprotozoal uses, respectively) as inhibitors of Ebola and Marburg virus <i>in vitro</i> in HeLa cells and of mouse adapted Ebola virus in mouse <i>in vivo</i> . We have now tested these three drugs in various cell lines (VeroE6, Vero76, Caco-2, Calu-3, A549-ACE2, HUH-7 and monocytes) infected with SARS-CoV-2 as well as other viruses (including MHV and HCoV 229E). The compilation of these results indicated considerable variability in antiviral activity observed across cell lines. We found that tilorone and pyronaridine inhibited the virus replication in A549-ACE2 cells with IC <sub>50</sub> values of 180 nM and IC <sub>50</sub> 198 nM, respectively. We have also tested them in a pseudovirus assay and used microscale thermophoresis to test the binding of these molecules to the spike protein. They bind to spike RBD protein with K <sub>d</sub> values of 339 nM and 647 nM, respectively. Human C <sub>max</sub> for pyronaridine and quinacrine is greater than the IC <sub>50</sub> hence justifying <i>in vivo</i> evaluation. We also provide novel insights into their mechanism which is likely lysosomotropic.
Large-scale identification of ubiquitination sites on membrane-associated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings (2021)

An analysis of the identification of ubiquitination sites on proteins found at the cell periphery, including over 100 protein kinases.
Molecular Mechanisms of Bone Metastasis. (2016)

Metastasis of breast and prostate cancer as well as multiple myeloma to the bones represents a significant medical problem. We herein discuss the molecular basis of the creation of pre-metastatic niches, the process of bone metastasis and the phenomenon of tumor dormancy in the bone marrow as well as its regulation. We describe the identification and validation of genes mediating bone metastasis by use of pre-clinical models of bone metastasis. Additionally, we discuss the role of small integrin binding N-linked glycoproteins (SIBLINGS), the chemokine/chemokine receptor CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway and the role of micro RNAs (miRNAs) as mediators of bone metastasis. Finally, we summarize clinical achievements for the treatment of bone metastases.
Efficient simulation-driven design optimization of antennas using co-kriging (2012)

We present an efficient technique for design optimization of antenna structures. Our approach exploits coarse-discretization electromagnetic (EM) simulations of the antenna of interest that are used to create its fast initial model (a surrogate) through kriging. During the design process, the predictions obtained by optimizing the surrogate are verified using high-fidelity EM simulations, and this high-fidelity data is used to enhance the surrogate through co-kriging technique that accommodates all EM simulation data into one surrogate model. The co-kriging-based optimization algorithm is simple, elegant and is capable of yielding a satisfactory design at a low cost equivalent to a few high-fidelity EM simulations of the antenna structure. To our knowledge, this is a first application of co-kriging to antenna design. An application example is provided.
Natural Kaolinitic Clay: A Remarkable Catalyst for Highly Regioselective Chlorination of Arenes with Cl2 or SO2Cl2. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Development of infant mismatch responses to auditory pattern changes between 2 and 4 months old (2009)

In order to process speech and music, the auditory cortex must learn to process patterns of sounds. Our previous studies showed that with a stream consisting of a repeating (standard) sound, younger infants show an increase in the amplitude of a positive slow wave in response to occasional changes (deviants) in pitch or duration, whereas older infants show a faster negative response that resembles mismatch negativity (MMN) in adults (Trainor et al., 2001, 2003; He et al., 2007). MMN reflects an automatic change-detection process that does not require attention, conscious awareness or behavioural response for its elicitation (Picton et al., 2000; Näätänen et al., 2007). It is an important tool for understanding auditory perception because MMN reflects a change-detection mechanism, and not simply that repetition of a stimulus results in a refractory state of sensory neural circuits while occasional changes to a new sound activate new non-refractory neural circuits (Näätänen et al., 2005). For example, MMN is elicited by a change in the pattern of a repeating note sequence, even when no new notes are introduced that could activate new sensory circuits (Alain et al., 1994, 1999;Schröger et al., 1996). In the present study, we show that in response to a change in the pattern of two repeating tones, MMN in 4-month-olds remains robust whereas the 2-month-old response does not. This indicates that the MMN response to a change in pattern at 4 months reflects the activation of a change-detection mechanism similarly as in adults.