gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variable-Speed-Drive-Based Estimation of the Leakage Rate in Compressed Air Systems (2018)

Leakage is a significant cause of energy losses in compressed air systems (CASs). This paper presents a novel method for estimation of the leakage flow rate of a screw compressor-powered CAS using variable-speed-drive-based soft sensing. The proposed method utilizes an identification run sequence applied in the control scheme of the variable-speed drive at a time of no intended compressed air consumption. Data from a mass flow soft sensor of the screw compressor and pressure measurement are employed to produce estimates for the CAS volume and leakage mass flow rate as a function of system pressure. The feasibility of the approach is verified with laboratory measurements. The proposed method offers a practical and effective solution for monitoring of leakage in CASs.
Reply to “Likelihood of False-Positive Results in High-Impact Journals Publishing Groundbreaking Research” (2012)

We thank Drs. Agrawal and Sharma for their thoughtful letter, which suggests that papers in journals with high-impact factors are more likely to be retracted because they have a higher prior probability of being false as a consequence of their novelty. This is a good point, and we concur with the
Interactions of oxytocin with bovine neurophysins I and II. Use of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and hormones specifically enriched with carbon-13 in the glycinamide-9 and half-cystine-1 positions (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteractions of oxytocin with bovine neurophysins I and II. Use of carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and hormones specifically enriched with carbon-13 in the glycinamide-9 and half-cystine-1 positionsMichael Blumenstein and Victor J. HrubyCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 24, 5169–5177Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00643a002https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00643a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Influence of design shrinks and proximity influence distance on flattening of optical hierarchy during RET (2006)

As geometries shrink faster than the actual wavelength used for exposure, the Proximity influence distance, or PID of nearest neighbor features starts to impact not only the overall RET of unit cells in the design library but also the flattening of the hierarchy of the electronic design increasing the overall database size, computational times and respective memory requirements per computational node. In this paper we explore the impact of different PID values in relation to the overall flattening of hierarchy, time to market and the impact on RET complexity as dimensions are shrunk in overall design.
Low complexity guaranteed fit compound document compression (2003)

We propose a new, very low complexity, single-pass algorithm for compression of continuous tone compound documents, known as GRAFIT (GuaRAnteed FIT), that can guarantee a minimum compression ratio of as much as 12:1 and even more, for all images in a single pass, while maintaining visually lossless quality when reproduced at resolution 300 dpi or more. The compression ratio is guaranteed in a single pass irrespective of the image being compressed. The complexity of the proposed encoder and decoder is orders of magnitude smaller than all image compression algorithms known today. For electronic compound documents, text is always compressed losslessly, and depending on the type of image, the actual compression ratio achieved may be as high as 200:1 or more. For photographic images, while the compression performance is inferior to DCT or wavelet coders, for documents at resolution 300 dpi and above, the quality is still visually lossless. Overall, performance of GRAFIT is highly competitive with the more expensive algorithms like JPEG2000, JPEG, or JPEG-LS and this performance is achieved in a single pass at much lower cost in both software and hardware.
KeyMenu: a keyboard based hierarchical menu (2004)

KeyMenu is a keyboard based hierarchical menu system intended for use on a wearable computer. It is designed for use in conjunction with the Twiddler one–handed wearable keyboard. Unlike traditional menus and shortcut keys, our system employs a one–to–one mapping between buttons on the keyboard and menu items. With the addition of a popup menu interaction technique, the KeyMenu design consistently supports both novice and expert users.
On the Prediction of Ternary Semiconductor Properties by Artificial Intelligence Methods (2002)

Band gap energy and lattice constant of ternary semiconductors (ABC2 chalcopyrites) are correlated to their chemical stoichiometrics and fundamental element properties of the constituents, through artificial intelligence techniques and sublattice model without prior knowledge of the electronic structures of individual compounds. New chalcopyrite semiconductors of I−III−VI2 and II−IV−V2 types are then predicted by using the developed model. Many potential semiconductors are selected from 270 possible new chalcopyrites by screening the element periodic table. The predicted band gap energy and lattice constant of the potential semiconductors fall in the range of 0.10−4.96 eV and 2.22−10.14 Å, respectively, which may offer a useful guideline in the exploration of new semiconductors for a wide range of applications by further experimental or first principles studies.
End-user software engineering with assertions in the spreadsheet paradigm (2003)

There has been little research on end-user program development beyond the activity of programming. Devising ways to address additional activities related to end-user program development may be critical, however, because research shows that a large proportion of the programs written by end users contain faults. Toward this end, we have been working on ways to provide formal software engineering methodologies to end-user programmers. This paper describes an approach we have developed for supporting assertions in end-user software, focusing on the spreadsheet paradigm. We also report the results of a controlled experiment, with 59 end-user subjects, to investigate the usefulness of this approach. Our results show that the end users were able to use the assertions to reason about their spreadsheets, and that doing so was tied to both greater correctness and greater efficiency.
A Novel Prep-less X-Ray Imaging Capsule for Colon Cancer Screening: Safety and Preliminary Human Tests (2015)

Introduction: The demand for bowel cleansing hampers participation in screening colonoscopy, while poor preparation impairs adenoma detection. A screening method, which generates structure data of the colon, without any cleansing or diet restrictions, would offer an attractive modality for many of the noncompliant patients from the target population Methods: To evaluate feasibility, safety and outcomes of a novel prep-less X-ray imaging capsule for colon screening. Device: The capsule is similar in dimensions to other approved capsules. Novel ultra-low dose X-ray based imaging technology (X-Ray radar) generate high-resolution 3-dimensional (3D) imagery of the colon without bowel cleansing. The radar is activated and scans the inner surface only when the capsule is propelled within the colon. Methods: Capsules were swallowed by ˜20 volunteers (aged 37-66) and tracked during the entire passage of the capsule through the alimentary tract using radio frequency telemetry and a Capsule localization system (CPS). The system performed scans upon detecting effective capsule motion in the colon and transmitted imaging data to an external recorder unit attached to the patients' lower back. Combined data from colon scans and the CPS system were used to reconstruct 3D colon segments in non-prepped colons. Total transit time and total X-ray exposure were calculated to assess the safety profile of the capsule in human subjects. Results: All capsules were swallowed and eliminated naturally and uneventfully after an average transit time of 68 ± 31 hours. The volunteers were exposed to an ultra-low total radiation dose (average total exposure 0.03 ± 0.007 mSv). The generated traces from various participants present large variability of colon macro structure. Reconstruction of synthetic colon phantoms with and without polyps as well as data from a Bovine colon phantom with induced tissue-made polyps showed spatial resolution of 2-3 mm in colon diameter measurements (figure 1).Figure 1Conclusion: A safety and preliminary efficacy study has been performed using a novel prep-less x-ray imaging capsule for colon cancer screening. Quantitative ultra-low dose x-ray 3D imaging was achieved in the colon of human subjects. The efficacy of the tracking system and the colon 3D reconstruction will be validated in a multicenter study.
Altered Gene Expression Profiles in the Brain, Kidney, and Lung of One-Month-Old Cloned Pigs (2011)

Although numerous mammalian species have been successfully cloned by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT), little is known about gene expression of cloned pigs by SCNT. In the present study, expression profiles of 1-month-old cloned pigs generated from fetal fibroblasts (n = 5) were compared to those of age-matched controls (n = 5) using a 13K oligonucleotide microarray. The brain, kidney, and lung were chosen for microarray analysis to represent tissues from endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm in origin. In clones, 179 and 154 genes were differentially expressed in the kidney and the lung, respectively (fold change >2, p < 0.05, false discovery rate = 0.05), whereas only seven genes were differentially expressed in the brain of clones. Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes revealed that they were enriched in diabetic nephropathy in the kidney, delayed alveologenesis as well as downregulated MAPK signaling pathways in the lung, which was accompanied with collapsed alveoli in the histological examination of the lung. To evaluate whether the gene expression anomalies are associated with changes in DNA methylation, global concentration of the methylated cytosine was measured in lung DNA by HPLC. Clones were significantly hypermethylated (5.72%) compared to the controls (4.13%). Bisulfite-pyrosequencing analyses of the promoter regions of differentially expressed genes, MYC and Period 1 (PER1), however, did not show any differences in the degree of DNA methylation between controls and clones. Together, these findings demonstrate that cloned pigs have altered gene expression that may potentially cause organ dysfunction.
Data from Lrig1 Is an Estrogen-Regulated Growth Suppressor and Correlates with Longer Relapse-Free Survival in ERα-Positive Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Lrig1 is the founding member of the Lrig family and has been implicated in the negative regulation of several oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases including ErbB2. Lrig1 is expressed at low levels in several cancer types but is overexpressed in some prostate and colorectal tumors. Given this heterogeneity, whether Lrig1 functions to suppress or promote tumor growth remains a critical question. Previously, we found that Lrig1 was poorly expressed in ErbB2-positive breast cancer, suggesting that Lrig1 has a growth-inhibitory role in this tumor type. However, breast cancer is a complex disease, with ErbB2-positive tumors accounting for just 25% of all breast cancers. To gain a better understanding of the role of Lrig1 in breast cancer, we examined its expression in estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive disease which accounts for the majority of breast cancers. We find that Lrig1 is expressed at significantly higher levels in ERα-positive disease than in ERα-negative disease. Our study provides a molecular rationale for Lrig1 enrichment in ERα-positive disease by showing that Lrig1 is a target of ERα. Estrogen stimulates Lrig1 accumulation and disruption of this induction enhances estrogen-dependent tumor cell growth, suggesting that Lrig1 functions as an estrogen-regulated growth suppressor. In addition, we find that Lrig1 expression correlates with prolonged relapse-free survival in ERα-positive breast cancer, identifying Lrig1 as a new prognostic marker in this setting. Finally, we show that ErbB2 activation antagonizes ERα-driven Lrig1 expression, providing a mechanistic explanation for Lrig1 loss in ErbB2-positive breast cancer. This work provides strong evidence for a growth-inhibitory role for Lrig1 in breast cancer. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Res; 9(10); 1406–17. ©2011 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
A Model Analysis of Feature Profile Evolution and Microscopic Uniformity during Polysilicon Gate Etching in Cl2/O2 Plasmas (2006)

A phenomenological model has been developed to simulate the feature profile evolution of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) gate etching in Cl 2 /O 2 plasmas. The model takes into account the deposition of etch products, surface oxidation, and the forward reflection of energetic ions on feature sidewalls. To describe the formation of multilayer SiCl x or SiCl x O y on feature surfaces during etching, the substrates consist of a number of small cells or lattices of atomic size in the computational domain; this model provides a nanometer-scale representation of the feature geometry and the chemical constituents therein. The inelastic or nonspecular reflection of incoming ions from feature surfaces and the penetration of ions into substrates are incorporated into the model by calculating the trajectory of ions through successive binary collisions with substrate atoms. Etching experiments were performed to evaluate and improve the accuracy of the model. To analyze the effects of the control variables of a plasma reactor on profile evolution, the simulated profiles for different gas flow ratios and incident ion energies were compared with the etched profiles obtained in the experiments. The numerical results reproduced the behaviors of profile anomalies such as sidewall tapering and microtrenches at the corner of the feature bottom, upon varying the incident fluxes of O neutrals and etch by-products, and the incident energy of ions. Moreover, the simulated profiles exhibited passivation layers deposited on feature sidewalls, which is a similar geometry to those obtained in the experiments.
Molecular Evidence of Ongoing Antigen Driven Somatic Hypermutation in the Natural History of Classic and Variant Hairy Cell Leukemia (2015)

Abstract Classic hairy cell leukemia (HCL) is a clonal chronic B-cell malignancy representing 2% of all leukemias, with neoplastic B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow and organs of the classic reticuloendothelial system. HCL variant (HCLv) is less common, typically has inferior prognosis, and usually lacks several HCL-related features including BRAF V600E, CD25, and Annexin A1. The malignant cells in HCL and HCLv patients have one or in unusual cases two different functional immunoglobulin heavy chain rearrangements. Significant variability can be observed in the 3rd complementarity determining region (CDR3), comprising the variable heavy (IGHV), diversity (IGHD), and joining (IGHJ) domains. A role for continued antigen selection in the pathogenesis and evolution of HCL and HCLv has been suggested but limited evidence has been found. We examined HCL and HCLv-derived IGHV genes by massive parallel deep sequencing in 15 HCL and 7 HCLv cases. In all studied samples, a productive monoclonal tumor-derived IGH sequence was detected. Analysis of all reads sharing clonal CDR3 motifs revealed the existence of dominant subclone expansion and multiple subclonal variants. Analysis of phylogenetic trees indicated multiple branching and therefore exposure to multiple rounds of somatic hypermutation (SHM) in the evolution of clonally-related malignant cells. To investigate a possible cause of the high SHM activity and the large number of subclones in HCL and HCLv, we studied the expression of activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID), an enzyme essential for somatic hypermutations, expressed by germinal center (GC) B-cells where SHM occurs. In 5 HCL and 3 HCLv cases we detected a high expression level of AID mRNA, including wild-type and 2 splice variants; in 10 HCL, 4 HCLv, and 3 normal peripheral blood samples, AID expression was not detected using standard end-point PCR conditions. However, more sensitive real-time quantitative PCR detected AID transcripts in virtually all tested HCL and HCLv cases, although the range of transcript levels was large between different cases and varied with individual cases over time. The data obtained for both HCL and HCLv fit a model of tumorigenesis in which the BRAF V600E mutation (or another event in HCLv) initiates neoplastic transformation in a GC B-cell committed to terminal differentiation, but still thereafter still targeted by ongoing SHM Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Genome-wide profiling of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine during rat Sertoli cell maturation (2017)

Sertoli cells have dual roles during the cells' lifetime. In the juvenile mammal, Sertoli cells proliferate and create the structure of the testis, and during puberty they cease to proliferate and take on the adult role of supporting germ cells through spermatogenesis. Accordingly, many genes expressed in Sertoli cells during testis formation are repressed during spermatogenesis. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is a DNA modification enzymatically generated from 5mC and present in all investigated mammalian tissues at varying levels. Using mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence staining we identified a substantial Sertoli cell-specific global 5hmC increase during rat puberty. Chemical labeling, pull-down and sequencing of 5hmC-containing genomic DNA from juvenile and adult rat Sertoli cells revealed that genes that lose or gain 5hmC belong to different functional pathways and mirror the functions of the cells in the two different states. Loss of 5hmC is associated with genes involved in development and cell structure, whereas gain of 5hmC is associated with genes involved in cellular pathways pertaining to the function of the adult Sertoli cells. This redistribution during maturation shows that 5hmC is a dynamic nucleotide modification, correlated to gene expression.
USE OF COAL DRYING TO REDUCE WATER CONSUMED IN PULVERIZED COAL POWER PLANTS (2004)

This is the sixth Quarterly Report for this project. The background and technical justification for the project are described, including potential benefits of reducing fuel moisture, prior to firing in a pulverized coal boiler. Coal drying experiments were performed with a Powder River Basin coal to measure the effects of fluidization velocity and drying temperature on rate of drying in a batch drying process. Comparisons to computational results using the batch bed drying model show good agreement. Comparisons to drying results with North Dakota lignite at the same process conditions confirm the lignite dries slightly more rapidly than the PRB. Experiments were also carried out to determine the effects of inlet air humidity on drying rate. The specific humidity ranged from a value typical for air at temperatures near freezing to a value for 30 C air at 90 percent relative humidity. The experimental results show drying rate is strongly affected by inlet air humidity, with the rate decreasing with more humid inlet air. The temperature of the drying process also plays a strong role, with the negative impacts of high inlet moisture being less of a factor in a higher temperature drying process. Concepts for coal drying systems integrated into a power plant were developed. These make use of hot circulating cooling water from the condenser, steam extraction from the turbine cycle and thermal energy extracted from hot flue gas, in various combinations. Analyses are under way to calculate the effects of drying system design and process conditions on unit performance, emissions, and cooling tower makeup water.
Investigation of Morphology and Photoluminescence of Hydrothermally-Grown ZnO Nanorods Grown on Substrates Pre-Coated with ZnO Nanoparticles (2007)

We show that the rod-like morphology of hydrothermally-grown ZnO nanorods can be obtained on any substrate, pre-coated with ZnO nanoparticles, when pH&lt;7.3 or pH&gt;10.1. When pH&gt;10.1, three types of morphology, from uniform nanorods to large clustered rods, can be distinguished based on the solubility of zinc. In line with classical thermodynamics, the density of nanorods increases when the solubility of zinc decreases. We also report that the orange defect peak photoluminescence can be reduced, while the UV peak increased by decreasing the pH of the growth solution.
Ileal bile acid transport regulates bile acid pool, synthesis, and plasma cholesterol levels differently in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits (2000)

We investigated the effect of ileal bile acid transport on the regulation of classic and alternative bile acid synthesis in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits. Bile acid pool sizes, fecal bile acid outputs (synthesis rates), and the activities of cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase (classic bile acid synthesis) and cholesterol 27-hydroxylase (alternative bile acid synthesis) were related to ileal bile acid transporter expression (ileal apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter, ASBT). Plasma cholesterol levels rose 2.1-times in rats (98 +/- 19 mg/dl) and 31-times (986 +/- 188 mg/dl) in rabbits. The bile acid pool size remained constant (55 +/- 17 mg vs. 61 +/- 18 mg) in rats but doubled (254 +/- 46 to 533 +/- 53 mg) in rabbits. ASBT protein expression did not change in rats but rose 31% (P < 0.05) in rabbits. Fecal bile acid outputs that reflected bile acid synthesis increased 2- and 2.4-times (P < 0.05) in cholesterol-fed rats and rabbits, respectively. Cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase activity rose 33% (24 +/- 2.4 vs. 18 +/- 1.6 pmol/mg/min, P < 0.01) and mRNA levels increased 50% (P < 0.01) in rats but decreased 68% and 79%, respectively, in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Cholesterol 27-hydroxylase activity remained unchanged in rats but rose 62% (P < 0.05) in rabbits. Classic bile acid synthesis (cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase) was inhibited in rabbits because an enlarged bile acid pool developed from enhanced ileal bile acid transport. In contrast, in rats, cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase was stimulated but the bile acid pool did not enlarge because ASBT did not change. Therefore, although bile acid synthesis was increased via different pathways in rats and rabbits, enhanced ileal bile acid transport was critical for enlarging the bile acid pool size that exerted feedback regulation on cholesterol 7alpha-hydroxylase in rabbits.