gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Product Modularity During Concept Selection of Consumer Products (2001)

Abstract The design of modular products, or modular-product design, is a powerful design strategy that can boost the competitive edge of a company that employs its benefits. We introduce in this paper an approach for managing the influence of product modularity during concept selection of consumer products. We propose a process that consists of four steps. The first step is to define the business strategy and associated objectives for the product, based on an expanded definition of modularity. The second step is to prioritize the objectives using an objective tree. The third step is to establish design metrics and the final step is to weigh each metric by the design objectives. The outcome of the process is an overall objective metric (composite score) that is used for concept selection and is a measure of the balance of design objectives affected by modularity. Finally, three product concepts of varying modularity are analyzed using various design objectives to show that the selection of the best (most suitable) concepts depend fully on the design objectives and that the most modular designs are not necessarily the best.
Contribution of IL-18 to eosinophilic airway inflammation induced by immunization and challenge with Staphylococcus aureus proteins (2010)

We previously reported that intranasal challenge with ovalbumin (OVA) plus IL-18 induces airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and eosinophilic airway inflammation in mice with OVA-specific T(h)1 cells. These two conditions can be prevented by neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma and anti-IL-13 antibodies, respectively. The mice develop AHR and eosinophilic airway inflammation after challenge with OVA plus LPS instead of IL-18 and endogenous IL-18 is known to be involved. In contrast, IL-18 does not facilitate these changes in mice possessing OVA-specific T(h)2 cells. Here, we investigated whether IL-18 is involved in the development of asthma in mice immunized and challenged with bacterial proteins. Upon intranasal exposure to protein A (SpA) derived from Staphylococcus aureus, mice immunized with SpA exhibited AHR and peribronchial eosinophilic inflammation if IFN-gamma or IL-13 were present, respectively. The CD4(+) T cells from draining lymph nodes (DLNs) of the SpA-immunized and -challenged mice produced a robust IFN-gamma and IL-13 in response to immobilized anti-CD3 antibodies. Treatment with neutralizing anti-IL-18 antibodies prevented asthmatic inflammation concomitant with their impaired potential to express IFN-gamma and IL-13. Furthermore, naive mice that received the CD4(+) T cells from DLNs of SpA-immunized mice developed airway inflammation depending upon the presence of IL-18. Immunodeficient mice that received human PBMCs, which had been stimulated with SpA in vitro, developed dense peribronchial accumulation of human CD4(+) T cells upon SpA challenge. Neutralizing anti-human IL-18 antibodies protected against this airway inflammation. These results suggest the importance of IL-18 for the development of asthmatic inflammation associated with airway exposure to bacterial proteins.
Adverse Selection and Auction Design for Internet Display Advertising (2015)

We model an online display advertising environment with brand advertisers and better-informed performance advertisers, and seek an auction mechanism that is strategy-proof, anonymous and insulates brand advertisers from adverse selection. We find that the only such mechanism that is also false-name
Point Mutations in the Split PLC-γ1 PH Domain Modulate Phosphoinositide Binding (2004)

A number of signaling molecules contain small pleckstrin homology (PH) domains capable of binding phosphoinositides or proteins. Phospholipase C (PLC)-gamma1 has two putative PH domains, an NH(2)-terminal (PH(1)) and a split PH domain (nPH(2) and cPH(2)). We previously reported that the split PH domain of PLC-gamma1 binds to phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate (PI(4)P) and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P(2)) (Chang et al., 2002). To identify the amino acid residues responsible for binding with PI(4)P and PI(4,5)P(2), we used site-directed mutagenesis to replace each amino acid in the variable loop-1 (VL-1) region of the PLC-gamma1 nPH(2) domain with alanine (a neutral amino acid). The phosphoinositide-binding affinity of these mutant molecules was analyzed by Dot-blot assay followed by ECL detection. We found that two PLC-gamma1 nPH2 domain mutants, P500A and H503A, showed reduced affinities for phosphoinositide binding. Furthermore, these mutant PLC-gamma1 molecules showed reduced PI(4,5)P(2) hydrolysis. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion protein system, we showed that both PH(1) and nPH(2) domains are responsible for membrane-targeted translocation of PLC-gamma1 upon serum stimulation. Together, our data reveal that the amino acid residues Pro(500) and His(503) are critical for binding of PLC-gamma1 to one of its substrates, PI(4,5)P(2) in the membrane.
Athermal optical gain block in C-band by serial concatenations of erbium-doped antimony oxide silica glass fiber (2005)

We report a new novel technique to suppress the temperature-dependent gain (TDG) of erbium-doped fiber amplifier in the C-band by providing a composite optical gain block, conventional erbium-doped fiber (EDF) serially concatenated with Sb-doped silica EDF. Compared with conventional EDFs, Sb-doped silica EDF showed an opposite TDG coefficient in the C-band. Detailed experimental athermalization schemes are reported for various concatenating configurations. The temperature-dependent optical gain variation was suppressed within /spl plusmn/0.35 dB for the temperature range of -40/spl deg/C to +80/spl deg/C from 1530 to 1560 nm.
A Study on the Advancement of Accreditation Systems and Surveyors' Expertise for Long-term Care Facilities: Focusing on Overseas Cases (2018)

Purpose: This study aimed to suggest strategies for advancing local-government-based accreditation systems and surveyor training in long-term care facilities in Korea. Methods: A comprehensive review of the literature including research papers and official reports issued by governments from the United States, Australia, and Japan was conducted to explore domestic and international policies related to long-term care facility certification and accreditation systems. Results: The USA has two types of care quality assurance systems including mandatory certification (5-star rating system) by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services and voluntary accreditation by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. Australia operates a government-based mandatory accreditation system for all long-term care facilities through the Australian Aged Care Quality Agency. Japan, particularly the Tokyo district, operates a third-party evaluation system that involves the voluntary participation of long-term care facilities. Conclusion: This study provides several strategies to enhance accreditation processes and surveyorsexpertise. For instance, motivating facilities to voluntarily participate in accreditation is necessary by 1) providing sufficient and continuous consultations and feedback about how to improve care quality, 2) differentiating accreditation domains and indicators from the national health insurance certification system, and 3) actively utilizing accreditation results and providing incentives.
A first-order superscalar processor model (2004)

A proposed performance model for superscalar processors consists of: 1) a component that models the relationship between instructions issued per cycle and the size of the instruction window under ideal conditions; and 2) methods for calculating transient performance penalties due to branch mispredictions, instruction cache misses, and data cache misses. Using trace-derived data dependence information, data and instruction cache miss rates, and branch miss-prediction rates as inputs, the model can arrive at performance estimates for a typical superscalar processor that are within 5.8% of detailed simulation on average and within 13% in the worst case. The model also provides insights into the workings of superscalar processors and long-term microarchitecture trends such as pipeline depths and issue widths.
Homocysteine and Cerebral Atrophy: The Epidemiology of Dementia in Singapore Study (2018)

Higher homocysteine levels were associated with cerebral atrophy. Further studies are required to assess whether lowering plasma homocysteine levels may prevent neurodegenerative changes or delay progression of clinical symptoms before the development of dementia.
Scientific evidence for the use of modern patellofemoral arthroplasty (2009)

Patellofemoral arthroplasty has been utilized as a treatment for isolated patellofemoral arthritis for more than 30 years. However, the use of this procedure remains controversial, as many surgeons prefer to use total knee arthroplasty, even for isolated patellofemoral arthritis. While historically, the results with this procedure have been inconsistent, recent developments in prosthesis design and surgical indications have improved the outcomes of patellofemoral arthroplasty. Potential advantages of patellofemoral arthroplasty include a less invasive approach, less bone resection, less tissue destruction, shorter operative time, less blood loss, shorter rehabilitation, and more normal knee kinematics. However, proper indications and surgical technique are crucial in order to obtain optimal results. Some future modifications have the potential to further improve the outcomes of the procedure, although additional investigations are needed to further explore some of these aspects. This report will describe current knowledge regarding the indications and contraindications for patellofemoral arthroplasty, present the results and complications of this procedure, discuss alternative treatments for patellofemoral disease, and explore future directions for arthroplasty of the patellofemoral compartment.
Effect of Preliminary Mechanical Treatment on the Microhomogenization during Heating of Hydrous Gels as Precursors for Lead Titanate (1994)

Change in compositional microhomogeneity as a function of temperature was determined for various hydrous gels obtained from a component sol mixture as precursors for PbTiO 3 . The local molar ratio, Pb:Ti, was determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy with a 25‐nm electron beam. Homogenization during heating was accelerated by preliminary ball milling or pressing of the sol mixture. The mechanism of homogenization is discussed in the present paper with respect to mechanochemical effects.
Experimental Test of Grid Connected VSC to Improve the Power Quality in a Wave Power System (2018)

This paper provides an overview of electric power conversion system installed at the Lysekil research site, located at the west coast of Sweden. The electric power conversion system consists of rectifiers, rectifying the power from the wave energy converters, a DC-link and a grid-tied inverter. The paper focuses on the performance of the inverter and the filter and presents experimental results obtained during the grid integration.
Unique Chemistry at Ice Surfaces: Incomplete Proton Transfer in the H3O+-NH3 System (2001)

Immobile solvated ions such as NH4+⋅NH3 act as kinetic traps that prevent the proton-transfer reaction between H3O+ and NH3 on ice surfaces at 85–140 K reaching thermodynamic equilibrium. A combination of Cs+ reactive ion scattering and mass spectrometry showed that all species of the reaction (NH3, NH4+, H2O, and H3O+) coexist on ice. This result indicates that metastable species can be produced and kinetically stabilized on ice surfaces such that they may contribute to the chemistry of stratospheric and interstellar ice particles.
Association Between BRAF V600E Mutation and Mortality in Patients With Papillary Thyroid Cancer (2013)

In this retrospective multicenter study, the presence of the BRAF V600E mutation was significantly associated with increased cancer-related mortality among patients with PTC. Because overall mortality in PTC is low and the association was not independent of tumor features, how to use BRAF V600E to manage mortality risk in patients with PTC is unclear. These findings support further investigation of the prognostic and therapeutic implications of BRAF V600E status in PTC.
Effect of Member Size and Tendon Layout on Shear Behavior of Post-Tensioned Beams (2019)

peer reviewed
Reinforced Carbon Nanotubes as Electrically Conducting and Flexible Films for Space Applications (2014)

Chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-grown entangled carbon nanotube (CNT) sheets are characterized by high electrical conductivity and durability to bending and folding. However, since freestanding CNT sheets are mechanically weak, they cannot be used as stand-alone flexible films. In this work, polyimide (PI) infiltration into entangled cup-stacked CNT (CSCNT) sheets was studied to form electrically conducting, robust, and flexible films for space applications. The infiltration process preserved CNTs' advantageous properties (i.e., conductivity and flexibility), prevented CNT agglomeration, and enabled CNT patterning. In particular, the CNT-PI films exhibited ohmic electrical conductance in both the lateral and vertical directions, with a sheet resistivity as low as 122 Ω/□, similar to that of as-grown CNT sheets, with minimal effect of the insulating matrix. Moreover, this high conductivity was preserved under mechanical and thermal manipulations. These properties make the reported CNT-PI films excellent candidates for applications where flexibility, thermal stability, and electrical conductivity are required. Particularly, the developed CNT-PI films were found to be durable in space environment hazards such as high vacuum, thermal cycling, and ionizing radiation, and hence they are suggested as an alternative for the electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection layer in spacecraft thermal blankets.
Magnetic Properties of Anisotropic Nd-Fe-B HDDR Powders Prepared from Strip Cast Alloys. (2002)

The present authors examined magnetic properties of anisotropic Nd10.1Pr2.9Fe74.6-Co5.8B6.2Zr0.1Ga0.3HDDR powders prepared from strip cast alloy flakes which were annealed at various temperatures before HDDR treatment. Br's and (BH)max's of the powders are increased with increase in annealing temperature for the starting alloy flakes, which can be ascribed to the growth of original Nd2Fe14B grains. The bonded magnet of the powder obtained from the optimally annealed alloy flakes, exhibits Br of 1.05 T, HcJ of 1100 kA/m, and (BH)max of 199 kJ/m3, which are much superior to those from the conventional book-mold cast ingots. This would be related to the elimination of α-Fe phase in the strip cast flakes.
Evaluating autonomous system performance in the surfzone (2022)

The exploration of capability of surfzone robotics is important to improve safety and data availability at reduced cost in a dangerous environment. The US Army Engineer Research and Development Center’s Field Research Facility in Duck North Carolina, USA offers unique capability as a test center due to available resources, data, and expertise. As an example, the capability of two robotic platforms for data collection in the surfzone is evaluated. The first is the Bayonet Ocean Vehicle 350, which is a bottom crawling amphibious vehicle. A RTK mast is used for surveying the bottom position, providing a 2 cm bias with a 8.7 cm Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) over a collection period comprised of 24 separate surveys over 5 different conditions with maximum wave heights at 75 cm. Comparing to the RTK GPS derived profiles are two examples of profiles derived from a pressure sensor. The second platform is a micro Autonomous Surface vehicle that has diving capability, called a Swarm Diver. The Swarm Divers, using pressure, provides depth estimates that were compared to acoustic altimeters and traditional survey’s showing biases and RMSEs greater than 60 cm. Rapid domain mapping was also highlighted, though battery life and vehicle count limited capability.
Facile preparation of aramid nanofibers from Twaron fibers by a downsizing process (2014)

We introduce a simple preparation procedure for aramid nanofibers from Twaron fibers by using a downsizing process.
Comparison of Caspase Activation and Subcellular Localization in HL-60 and K562 Cells Undergoing Etoposide-Induced Apoptosis (1997)

Abstract Previous studies have shown that K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia cells are resistant to induction of apoptosis by a variety of agents, including the topoisomerase II (topo II) poison etoposide, when examined 4 to 24 hours after treatment with an initiating stimulus. In the present study, the responses of K562 cells and apoptosis-proficient HL-60 acute myelomonocytic leukemia cells to etoposide were compared, with particular emphasis on determining the long-term fate of the cells. When cells were treated with varying concentrations of etoposide for 1 hour and subsequently plated in soft agar, the two cell lines displayed similar sensitivities, with a 90% reduction in colony formation at 5 to 10 μmol/L etoposide. After treatment with 17 μmol/L etoposide for 1 hour, cleavage of the caspase substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), DNA fragmentation, and apoptotic morphological changes were evident in HL-60 cells in less than 6 hours. After the same treatment, K562 cells arrested in G2 phase of the cell cycle but otherwise appeared normal for 3 to 4 days before developing similar apoptotic changes. When the etoposide dose was increased to 68 μmol/L, apoptotic changes were evident in HL-60 cells after 2 to 3 hours, whereas the same changes were observed in K562 cells after 24 to 48 hours. This delay in the development of apoptotic changes in K562 cells was accompanied by delayed release of cytochrome c to the cytosol and delayed appearance of peptidase activity that cleaved the fluorogenic substrates Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-aminotrifluoromethylcoumarin (DEVD-AFC) and Val-Glu-Ile-Asp-aminomethylcoumarin (VEID-AMC) as well as an altered spectrum of active caspases that were affinity labeled with N-(Nα-benzyloxycarbonylglutamyl-Nε-biotinyllysyl) aspartic acid [(2,6-dimethylbenzoyl)oxy]methyl ketone [z-EK(bio)D-aomk]. On the other hand, the activation of caspase-3 under cell-free conditions occurred with indistinguishable kinetics in cytosol prepared from the two cell lines. Collectively, these results suggest that a delay in the signaling cascade upstream of cytochrome c release and caspase activation leads to a long latent period before the active phase of apoptosis is initiated in etoposide-treated K562 cells. Once the active phase of apoptosis is initiated, the spectrum and subcellular distribution of active caspase species differ between HL-60 and K562 cells, but a similar proportion of cells are ultimately killed in both cell lines.
Magnetoresistance characterisation of 4H-SiC MOSFETs (2012)

Geometrical magnetoresistance measurements on 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET) were performed under high magnetic field conditions (12T). Three n-channel samples were investigated with p-well acceptor concentrations of 5×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> , 2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> and 2×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">17</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">−3</sup> . The results indicate relatively high carrier mobilities. However, the devices were found to be affected by a nearly quadratic dependence of the sheet electron density on gate bias. This behaviour is attributable to charge trapping in the channel.
OPTIMIZATION STRATEGIES FOR DUAL POLARIZED REFLECTARRAYS (2008)

International audience
Interplay between external inputs and recurrent dynamics during movement preparation and execution in a network model of motor cortex (2023)

The primary motor cortex has been shown to coordinate movement preparation and execution through computations in approximately orthogonal subspaces. The underlying network mechanisms, and the roles played by external and recurrent connectivity, are central open questions that need to be answered to understand the neural substrates of motor control. We develop a recurrent neural network model that recapitulates the temporal evolution of neuronal activity recorded from the primary motor cortex of a macaque monkey during an instructed delayed-reach task. In particular, it reproduces the observed dynamic patterns of covariation between neural activity and the direction of motion. We explore the hypothesis that the observed dynamics emerges from a synaptic connectivity structure that depends on the preferred directions of neurons in both preparatory and movement-related epochs, and we constrain the strength of both synaptic connectivity and external input parameters from data. While the model can reproduce neural activity for multiple combinations of the feedforward and recurrent connections, the solution that requires minimum external inputs is one where the observed patterns of covariance are shaped by external inputs during movement preparation, while they are dominated by strong direction-specific recurrent connectivity during movement execution. Our model also demonstrates that the way in which single-neuron tuning properties change over time can explain the level of orthogonality of preparatory and movement-related subspaces.
Fast linear method of illumination classification (2003)

We present a simple method for estimating the scene illuminant for images obtained by a Digital Still Camera (DSC). The proposed method utilizes basis vectors obtained from known memory color reflectance to identify the memory color objects in the image. Once the memory color pixels are identified, we use the ratios of the red/green and blue/green to determine the most likely illuminant in the image. The critical part of the method is to estimate the smallest set of basis vectors that closely represent the memory color reflectances. Basis vectors obtained from both Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) are used. We will show that only two ICA basis vectors are needed to get an acceptable estimate.
Activation mechanisms of mafosfamide and the role of thiols in cyclophosphamide metabolism (1987)

cis-Mafosfamide (cis-5) (ASTA Z7557), a stable analogue of cis-4-hydroxycyclophosphamide (cis-2), undergoes rapid decomposition in aqueous phosphate buffer or plasma at pH 7.4 and 37 degrees C. The reaction kinetics of cis-5 are complex, and trans-mafosfamide (trans-5) and cis-2 are produced and subsequently disappear over the course of the reaction. The rates of decomposition of cis-5 as well as cis-2 were much faster in plasma than in buffer. The cis-trans isomerization of cis-5 occurred by a specific-base-catalyzed process via iminocyclophosphamide (8) as a transient intermediate. In contrast, formation of cis- and trans-mafosfamide (5) from cis-2 and MESNA (sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate) proceeded by an acid-catalyzed process via the hemithioacetal intermediate (6). The significance of these findings with respect to cyclophosphamide metabolism is discussed.