gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Uncertainty guided semi-supervised segmentation of retinal layers in OCT images (2021)

Deep convolutional neural networks have shown outstanding performance in medical image segmentation tasks. The usual problem when training supervised deep learning methods is the lack of labeled data which is time-consuming and costly to obtain. In this paper, we propose a novel uncertainty-guided semi-supervised learning based on a student-teacher approach for training the segmentation network using limited labeled samples and a large number of unlabeled images. First, a teacher segmentation model is trained from the labeled samples using Bayesian deep learning. The trained model is used to generate soft segmentation labels and uncertainty maps for the unlabeled set. The student model is then updated using the softly segmented samples and the corresponding pixel-wise confidence of the segmentation quality estimated from the uncertainty of the teacher model using a newly designed loss function. Experimental results on a retinal layer segmentation task show that the proposed method improves the segmentation performance in comparison to the fully supervised approach and is on par with the expert annotator. The proposed semi-supervised segmentation framework is a key contribution and applicable for biomedical image segmentation across various imaging modalities where access to annotated medical images is challenging
Ovarian Hormone Loss Impairs Excitatory Synaptic Transmission at Hippocampal CA3–CA1 Synapses (2013)

Premature and long-term ovarian hormone loss following ovariectomy (OVX) is associated with cognitive impairment. This condition is prevented by estradiol (E2) therapy when initiated shortly following OVX but not after substantial delay. To determine whether these clinical findings are correlated with changes in synaptic functions, we used adult OVX rats to evaluate the consequences of short-term (7-10 d, OVXControl) and long-term (∼5 months, OVXLT) ovarian hormone loss, as well as subsequent in vivo E2 treatment, on excitatory synaptic transmission at the hippocampal CA3-CA1 synapses important for learning and memory. The results show that ovarian hormone loss was associated with a marked decrease in synaptic strength. E2 treatment increased synaptic strength in OVXControl but not OVXLT rats, demonstrating a change in the efficacy for E2 5 months following OVX. E2 also had a more rapid effect: within minutes of bath application, E2 acutely increased synaptic strength in all groups except OVXLT rats that did not receive in vivo E2 treatment. E2's acute effect was mediated postsynaptically, and required Ca(2+) influx through the voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. Despite E2's acute effect, synaptic strength of OVXLT rats remained significantly lower than that of OVXControl rats. Thus, changes in CA3-CA1 synaptic transmission associated with ovarian hormone loss cannot be fully reversed with delayed E2 treatment. Given that synaptic strength at CA3-CA1 synapses is related to the ability to learn hippocampus-dependent tasks, these findings provide additional insights for understanding cognitive impairment-associated long-term ovarian hormone loss and ineffectiveness for delayed E2 treatment to maintain cognitive functions.
An accessible database for mouse and human whole transcriptome qPCR primers (2013)

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
[Excitation-Emission Matrix Fluorescence Spectra Characteristics of DOM in a Combined Constructed Wetland]. (2015)

Using three-dimensional fluorescence technology, we studied fluorescent characteristics of two polluted rivers by a surface flow+vertical flow combined constructed wetlands of dissolving organic matter. The results showed that (1) the main sources of water-soluble humic organic matter in constructed wetland was biological metabolic input instead of terrigenous input; (2) in the later section of the surface flow constructed wetland, part of proteinoid substance changed into fulvic acid-like substance, which showed that the composition of dissolved organic matter and material structure tended to be stable after surface flow combined constructed wetland treatment; (3) it was of great significance that surface flow constructed wetland in structure transformation of water soluble organic matter, which could significantly improve the stability of water soluble organic matter. Surface flow+vertical flow combined constructed wetland process of dissolved organic matter had a good removal effect.
VEGFA GENE variation influences hallucinations and frontotemporal morphology in psychotic disorders: a B-SNIP study (2018)

Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) dysfunction may contribute to a number of pathological processes that characterize psychotic disorders. However, the influence of VEGFA gene variants on clinical and neuroimaging phenotypes in psychotic disorders has yet to be shown. In the present study, we examined whether different VEGFA gene variants influence psychosis risk, symptom severity, cognition, and brain volume. The study group included 480 probands (Bipolar I disorder with psychosis, n = 205; Schizoaffective disorder, n = 112; Schizophrenia, n = 163) and 126 healthy controls that were recruited across six sites in the B-SNIP consortium. VEGFA variants identified for analysis (rs699947, rs833070, and rs2146323) were quantified via SNP chip array. We assessed symptoms and cognition using standardized clinical and neuropsychological batteries. The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), medial temporal lobe, and hippocampal volumes were quantified using FreeSurfer. In our sample, VEGFA rs2146323 A- carriers showed reduced odds of being a proband (p = 0.037, OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.43-0.98) compared to noncarriers, but not for rs699947 or rs833070. In probands, rs2146323 A- carriers demonstrated fewer hallucinations (p = 0.035, Cohen's d = 0.194), as well as significantly greater DLPFC (p < 0.05, Cohen's d = -0.21) and parahippocampal volumes (p < 0.01, Cohen's d = -0.27). No clinical or neuroimaging associations were identified for rs699947 or rs833070. In general, we found that the three SNPs exhibited several significant negative relationships between psychosis symptoms and brain structure. In the probands and control groups, positive relationships were identified between several cognitive and brain volume measures. The findings suggest VEGFA effects in the DLPFC and hippocampus found in animals may also extend to humans. VEGFA variations may have important implications in identifying dimensional moderators of function that could be targeted through VEGFA-mediated interventions.
Cytotoxicity of recombinant Fab and Fv immunotoxins on adult T-cell leukemia lymph node and blood cells in the presence of soluble interleukin-2 receptor. (1994)

Single-chain immunotoxins anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40 and anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL, composed of variable domains of the anti-Tac monoclonal antibody and truncated forms of Pseudomonas exotoxin, have shown potent cytotoxic activity against malignant peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) patients originating from the Caribbean. However, several clinically important issues have not previously been addressed. These include the potential of soluble interleukin 2 receptor in ATL patients to block immunotoxin effectiveness, the relative sensitivity of malignant lymph node cells (LNCs) versus PBMCs, the effect of an immunotoxin with a prolonged half-life, and finally whether ATL cells from patients in Japan have toxin sensitivity equal to those of the Caribbean patients. To resolve these questions, we studied 32 malignant PBMC and LNC samples from 30 ATL patients from Japan. PBMCs from 27 of 27 patients were very sensitive with 50% inhibition of protein synthesis achieved with 0.02-0.85 ng/ml (0.3-13 pM) of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL or anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40. LNCs had sensitivity very similar to that of PBMCs in the five patients tested. The fully recombinant immunotoxin, anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40, which has 8-10 times the t1/2 alpha and beta compared to the Fv-immunotoxins, was also very cytotoxic toward cells from 27 of 27 patients tested with 50% inhibition of protein synthesis of 0.08-25 ng/ml. It was found that purified soluble interleukin 2 receptor added to the cytotoxicity assay decreased the cytotoxic activity of anti-Tac(Fv)-PE40KDEL or anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40, but that 1 x 10(4) units/ml or less had minimal competitive effects. It was found that ATL patients who have responded even incompletely to conventional chemotherapy have soluble interleukin 2 receptor levels lower than this at posttreatment. We conclude that recombinant immunotoxins containing anti-Tac(Fv) are effective against Japanese ATL PBMCs or LNCs and might be most effective if used in vivo after conventional chemotherapy. If it is found in humans that the effectiveness of single-chain recombinant toxins is limited by short half-life, anti-Tac(Fab)-PE40 should be considered as an alternative agent.
Search for gravitational waves from low mass compact binary coalescence in 186 days of LIGO’s fifth science run (2009)

We report on a search for gravitational waves from coalescing compact binaries, of total mass between 2 and 35M, using LIGO observations between November 14, 2006 and May 18, 2007. No gravitational-wave signals were detected. We report upper limits on the rate of compact binary coalescence as a function of total mass. The LIGO cumulative 90%-confidence rate upper limits of the binary coalescence of neutron stars, black holes and black hole-neutron star systems are 1.4×10-2, 7.3×10-4 and 3.6×10-3yr-1L10-1, respectively, where L10 is 1010 times the blue solar luminosity. © 2009 The American Physical Society.
S3530 Homozygous H63D Mutation in Hereditary Hemochromatosis (2020)

INTRODUCTION: Hereditary Hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder caused by reduced iron regulatory hormone, hepcidin, or the hepcidin–ferroportin binding protein leading to unchecked iron absorption and systemic iron overload. HFE gene mutation results in Type 1 HH and is usually associated with homozygous C282Y mutation, or C282Y and H63D heterozygosity. Homozygous H63D mutations are very rare, accounting for only 0.6% of HH. We present a patient who was found to have this mutation. CASE DESCRIPTION/METHODS: A previously healthy 37-year-old male was referred to our gastroenterology office for abnormal liver enzymes. The patient reported having chronic watery diarrhea and lost 18 lbs in the past year despite having a good appetite. He has no significant social or family history. Labs revealed a normal blood count and renal function. Total bilirubin was 0.5 mg/dl, AST 55 U/L, ALT 164 U/L, and ALP 115 U/L. His TSH was < 0.01 uIU/ml, Free T3 22.8 pg/ml, Free T4 7.34 ng/dl with elevated TSH receptor antibody, and Thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin. His Iron levels were 208 mcg/dl while Ferritin was elevated at 1561 ng/ml. All other chronic liver disease workup was negative. Ultrasound abdomen done was also normal. The patient then had a Hereditary Hemochromatosis panel sent which was positive for the H63D homozygous genotype. He was subsequently referred to both hematology and endocrinology for further management. DISCUSSION: The HFE mutations not only result in HH but are also associated with chronic hepatitis C, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and porphyria cutanea tarda among others. The homozygous H63D mutation rarely clinically manifests but in the presence of these other conditions, it can lead to significant iron overload. It is interesting that our patient did not have any of them but yet presented with hepatic iron overload leading to transaminitis. HH usually causes iron deposition in the pituitary gland resulting in hypothyroidism but our patient presented with hyperthyroidism symptoms and was found to have concomitant Grave’s disease. There have not been any reported cases in the literature suggesting an association between these two conditions or with H63D gene mutation.
Antibacterial synergistic effect of chlorhexidine and hydrogen peroxide against Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus (1999)

Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Hydrogen peroxide (HP) are potent antibacterial agents that are used in controlling dental plaque. However, both agents bear undesired side-effects. We have tested the hypothesis that an antibacterial synergistic effect can occur between the two agents against Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus. We have found that at several combinations of HP and CHX an antibacterial synergistic effect does occur, while at other combinations a on-significant synergism was noticed. No antagonism between the two agents was found in our experimental system. It can be postulated that the mechanism of this synergistic effect is via alteration of the bacterial cell-surface by CHX thereby allowing for an increased amount of HP to penetrate and to react with the intercellular organelles of the bacteria. These results suggest that CHX and HP can be of use in controlling the dental plaque in the oral cavity.
Hot Spot Dynamics in Carbon Nanotube Array Devices (2015)

We report on the dynamics of spatial temperature distributions in aligned semiconducting carbon nanotube array devices with submicrometer channel lengths. By using high-resolution optical microscopy in combination with electrical transport measurements, we observe under steady state bias conditions the emergence of time-variable, local temperature maxima with dimensions below 300 nm, and temperatures above 400 K. On the basis of time domain cross-correlation analysis, we investigate how the intensity fluctuations of the thermal radiation patterns are correlated with the overall device current. The analysis reveals the interdependence of electrical current fluctuations and time-variable hot spot formation that limits the overall device performance and, ultimately, may cause device degradation. The findings have implications for the future development of carbon nanotube-based technologies.
Attributes of γδ intraepithelial lymphocytes as suggested by their transcriptional profile (2001)

gammadelta T lymphocytes in the intestinal intraepithelial layer (gammadelta IELs) are thought to contribute to immune competence, but their actual function remains poorly understood. Here we used DNA microarrays to study the gene expression profile of gammadelta IELs in a Yersinia infection system to better define their roles. To validate this approach, mesenteric lymph node CD8(+) alphabeta T cells were similarly analyzed. The transcription profiles show that, whereas lymph node CD8(+) alphabeta T cells must be activated to become cytotoxic effectors, gammadelta IELs are constitutively activated and appear to use different signaling cascades. Our data suggest that gammadelta IELs may respond efficiently to a broad range of pathological situations irrespective of their diverse T cell antigen receptor repertoire. gammadelta IELs may modulate local immune responses and participate in intestinal lipid metabolism, cholesterol homeostasis, and physiology. This study provides a strong basis for further investigations of the roles of these cells as well as mucosal immune defense in general.
Markov Models (2010)

This textbook for advanced undergraduates and graduate students emphasizes algorithms for a range of strategies for locomotion, sensing, and reasoning. It concentrates on wheeled and legged mobile robots but discusses a variety of other propulsion systems. This edition includes advances in robotics and intelligent machines over the ten years prior to publication, including significant coverage of SLAM (simultaneous localization and mapping) and multi-robot systems. It includes additional mathematical background and an extensive list of sample problems. Various mathematical techniques that were assumed in the first edition are now briefly introduced in appendices at the end of the text to make the book more self-contained. Researchers as well as students in the field of mobile robotics will appreciate this comprehensive treatment of state-of-the-art methods and key technologies.
On Partial Discharge/Corona Considerations for Low Voltage Switchgear and Controlgear (2018)

Electrical field and partial discharge (PD, corona) considerations usually are not in the foreground with low voltage switch- and control gear as per the product standards of IEC, UL and CSA. The design is mainly based on creepage and clearance dimensions, material categories described through CTI and RTI values. IEC product standards refer to the subject of insulation coordination as per the horizontal IEC 60664-family in their normative references. These standards, in principle, require PD measurements for rated voltages exceeding 500 VAC at room temperature. IEC 60664-2 gives some rules for consideration and electrical dimensioning of solid insulation. Miniaturization accompanied by increased power density and raised operational voltage as well as (non-sinusoidal) power supply generated by pulse width modulated (PWM) converters require to reconsider the relevance of electrical field stress in low voltage equipment. With variable frequency drive (VFD) fed motors reflected voltage waves were observed, causing partial discharge effects and insulation damages. Meanwhile motors and cables are available as VFD-proof versions. PD measurements on commercial manual motor controllers with sinusoidal voltages at both room temperature and a more severe elevated temperature related to the maximal operational temperature of the internal components (bimetal trip units) are presented. Conclusions are drawn and recommendations for future designs and testing are proposed.
Inhibition of iNOS with 1400W improves contractile function and alters nos gene and protein expression in reperfused skeletal muscle (2004)

This study examined the effects of 1400W, an inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), on contractile function and iNOS expression in reperfused skeletal muscle. The right extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle of 104 rats underwent a sham operation or 3-h ischemia followed by 3-h or 24-h reperfusion (I/R). Rats received 3 mg/kg 1400W, 10 mg/kg 1400W, or water subcutaneously. Results showed that EDL contractile function in both 1400W-treated groups significantly outperformed the controls at 24-h but not at 3-h reperfusion. Although iNOS expression increased in all three I/R groups during reperfusion, a significantly smaller increase was found in 1400W-treated muscles after 3-h reperfusion, and more dramatically so after 24-h reperfusion. Our results indicate that inhibition of iNOS preserved the contractile function in reperfused skeletal muscle, perhaps via downregulating iNOS expression. Protection by 1400W at 24-h reperfusion suggests that the role of iNOS in exaggerating reperfusion injury is more prominent in the later stages of injury.
4,4′-Dipyridyl Dioxide·SbF3 Cocrystal: Pnictogen Bond Prevails over Halogen and Hydrogen Bonds in Driving Self-Assembly (2019)

The SbF3·4,4′-dipyridyl N,N′-dioxide cocrystal is prepared and characterized via infrared spectroscopy and 121Sb and 123Sb nuclear quadrupole resonance. Single crystal X-ray analysis proves that a major role in cocrystal formation is played by Sb···O pnictogen bonds, the attractive interactions wherein antimony and oxygen act as the electrophilic and nucleophilic sites, respectively. Molecular electrostatic potential and natural bond orbital analyses confirm the relevance of this interaction in the self-assembly process. Dipyridyl dioxide also forms hydrogen bonded and halogen bonded cocrystal, e.g., when water and 1,4-diiodo-tetrafluoro-benzene function as acceptors of electron density. Experiments of competitive cocrystal formation indicate that under the adopted conditions the pnictogen bond prevails over the halogen bond and the hydrogen bond in identifying the tecton involved in cocrystal formation with dipyridyl dioxide.
The peculiarities of high-voltage dc power transmission (1966)

The cost of a basic dc line is always less than that of an ac line. For submarine installations the difference is particularly pronounced; for underground cables, the difference is somewhat smaller. For overhead transmission on land, many studies show that a dc line generally costs about one third less than an ac line of the same capacity. It may be entirely justifiable, however, to compare a two-pole dc line with a double-circuit ac line that has two 3-phase circuits carried on the same towers. The dc line cost, on this basis, would be about 55 percent of the cost of the ac line.
Molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and occurrence of a 16.5-kilodalton outer membrane protein of Brucella abortus with similarity to pal lipoproteins (1994)

Recombinant lambda gt11 phages were selected by screening a genomic library of Brucella abortus DNA with monoclonal antibodies specific for a 16.5-kDa Brucella outer membrane protein (Omp16). The corresponding gene, named pal, was subcloned on a 0.7-kb AluI fragment. Immunoblotting confirmed the expression of a recombinant Omp16 in the transformants. DNA sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame of 168 codons. The deduced amino acid sequence agrees with an internal peptide sequence of native Omp16 and contains a potential lipoprotein signal peptide cleavage site, giving rise to a predicted mature protein of 144 amino acids. The predicted sequence of Omp16 also shows a remarkable degree of similarity to the sequences of three peptidoglycan-associated bacterial lipoproteins. In immunoblotting with a monoclonal antibody specific for Omp16, we demonstrated that Omp16 was expressed in the 34 Brucella strains tested, representing all six species and known biovars.
Patients with Metabolic Bone Disease (1970)

Letters and Comments1 May 1970Patients with Metabolic Bone DiseaseJULES B. PUSCHETT, M.D.JULES B. PUSCHETT, M.D.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-72-5-762_1 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptTo the editor: Patients who have either vitamin-D-resistant rickets (osteomalacia) or hypoparathyroidism are being sought for metabolic studies to be performed on the Clinical Research Center of the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Physicians with candidates for study are requested to contact Jules B. Puschett, M.D., at EV 2-2400, ext. 458.... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: University of Pennsylvania Division Veterans Administration Hospital University and Woodland Avenues Philadelphia, Pa. 19104 PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 1 May 1970Volume 72, Issue 5Page: 762-762KeywordsBoneHypoparathyroidismMetabolic disorders Issue Published: 1 May 1970 PDF downloadLoading ...
Effects of Annealing Conditions on C-axis Orientation of L10-FePt Films (2004)

We studied the c-axis direction and ordering process of L10-FePt thin films during thermal annealing. For the thinner (5 and 10 nm) samples, rapid annealing clearly promoted (001) orientation with higher L10 ordering. However, for the thicker (50 nm) samples, (111) orientation was dominant independent of the annealing conditions. We suggest that stress direction and its relaxation during thermal annealing strongly relate to these remarkable changes of orientation and L10-ordering.