gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intraoperative Detection of Pediatric Brain Tumor Margins Using Raman Spectroscopy. (2019)

INTRODUCTION: Surgical resection is a mainstay of treatment in patients with brain tumors both for tissue diagnosis and for tumor debulking. While maximal resection of tumors is desired, neurosurgeons can be limited by the challenge of differentiating normal brain from tumor using only microscopic visualization and tactile feedback. Additionally, intraoperative decision-making regarding how aggressively to pursue a gross total resection frequently relies on pathologic preliminary diagnosis using frozen sections which are both time consuming and fallible. Here, we investigate the potential for Raman spectroscopy (RS) to rapidly detect pediatric brain tumor margins and classify brain tissue samples equivalent to histopathology. METHODS: Using a first-of-its-kind rapid acquisition RS device we intraoperatively imaged fresh ex vivo pediatric brain tissue samples (2-3 mm × 2-3 mm × 2-3 mm) at the Lucille Packard Children's Hospital. All imaged samples received standard final histopathological analysis, as RS is a nondestructive imaging technique. We curated a labeled dataset of 575 + unique Raman spectra gathered from 160 + brain samples resulting from 23 pediatric patients who underwent brain tissue resection as part of tumor debulking or epilepsy surgery (normal controls). RESULTS: To our knowledge we have created the largest labeled Raman spectra dataset of pediatric brain tumors. We are developing an end-to-end machine learning model that can predict final histopathology diagnosis within minutes from Raman spectral data. Our preliminary principle component analyses suggest that RS can be used to classify various brain tumors similar to “frozen” histopathology and can differentiate normal from malignant brain tissue in the context of low-grade glioma resections. CONCLUSION: Our work suggests that machine learning approaches can be used to harness the material identification properties of RS for classifying brain tumors and detecting their margins.
Translatomics combined with transcriptomics and proteomics reveals novel functional, recently evolved orphan genes in Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) (2016)

These findings demonstrate that ribosomal footprinting can be used to detect novel protein coding genes, contributing to the growing body of evidence that hypothetical genes are not annotation artifacts and opening an additional way to study their functionality. All 72 genes are taxonomically restricted and, therefore, appear to have evolved relatively recently de novo.
A Distributed SON-Based User-Centric Backhaul Provisioning Scheme (2016)

5G definition and standardization projects are well underway, and governing characteristics and major challenges have been identified. A critical network element impacting the potential performance of 5G networks is the backhaul, which is expected to expand in length and breadth to cater to the exponential growth of small cells while offering high throughput in the order of gigabit per second and less than 1 ms latency with high resilience and energy efficiency. Such performance may only be possible with direct optical fiber connections that are often not available country-wide and are cumbersome and expensive to deploy. On the other hand, a prime 5G characteristic is diversity, which describes the radio access network, the backhaul, and also the types of user applications and devices. Thus, we propose a novel, distributed, self-optimized, end-to-end user-cell-backhaul association scheme that intelligently associates users with candidate cells based on corresponding dynamic radio and backhaul conditions while abiding by users' requirements. Radio cells broadcast multiple bias factors, each reflecting a dynamic performance indicator (DPI) of the end-to-end network performance such as capacity, latency, resilience, energy consumption, and so on. A given user would employ these factors to derive a user-centric cell ranking that motivates it to select the cell with radio and backhaul performance that conforms to the user requirements. Reinforcement learning is used at the radio cells to optimise the bias factors for each DPI in a way that maximise the system throughput while minimising the gap between the users' achievable and required end-to-end quality of experience (QoE). Preliminary results show considerable improvement in users' QoE and cumulative system throughput when compared with the state-of-the-art user-cell association schemes.
Detection of adventitious lung sounds using entropy features and a 2-D threshold setting (2015)

The presence of adventitious lung sounds, such as the wheezing sound, is an indication of possible respiratory disorders. Many algorithms have been proposed in the literature for the detection of adventitious lung sounds but they involve the use of sophisticated pattern recognition techniques which are complex and are hence not suitable for use in wearable personal devices. While a recent work reported in the literature uses a small number of features and a simple threshold based algorithm for wheeze detection, it is not designed for use when there are more than two signal types to be detected. This paper investigates the problem of automatic detection of four types of lung sounds namely, stridor, wheeze, crackle, and normal lung sounds. Specifically, we propose a computationally efficient detection method that involves the use of only two entropy features and a two-dimensional threshold setting. The proposed method has been tested with 45 samples and promising preliminary results in detection accuracy have been obtained. The method has also been tested to be robust against additive white Gaussian noise added artificially to the test samples.
Foreword Special Issue on “New Simulation Methodologies for Next-Generation TCAD Tools” (2021)

Technology computer-aided design (TCAD) is an integral part of the development process of semiconductor technologies and devices, a field which has become increasingly complex and heterogeneous. Processing of integrated circuits requires nowadays over 400 process steps, and the resulting devices often have an intricate 3-D structure and contain various specifically designed materials. The full device behavior can only be understood by considering effects on all length scales from atomistic (material properties, interfaces, defects, and so on), to nanometric (quantum confinement, non-bulk properties, tunneling, ballistic transport, and so on), to full-chip dimensions (strain, heat transport, and so on), and time scales from femtoseconds (scattering, ferroelectric switching time, and so on) to seconds (trapping times, degradation, and so on). Voltages, currents, and charges have been scaled to such low levels that statistical effects and process variations have a strong impact. Devices based on new materials (e.g., 2-D crystals) and physical principles (ferroelectrics, magnetic materials, qubits, and so on) challenge standard TCAD approaches. While the simulation methods developed by the physics community can describe the basic device behavior, they often lack important simulation capabilities like, for example, transient simulations or integration with other TCAD tools, and are often too slow for daily use. Due to the complexity of semiconductor technology, it becomes more and more difficult to assess the impact of a change in processing or device structure on circuit performance by looking at a single aspect of an isolated device under idealized conditions. Instead, a TCAD tool chain is required which can handle realistic device structures embedded in a chip environment. New methodologies are required for all aspects of TCAD to ensure an efficient tool chain covering from atomistic effects to circuit behavior based on flexible simulation models that can handle new materials, device principles, and the ensuing large-scale simulations and that make use of artificial intelligence for well-chosen (sub)routines to decrease the overall simulation time. This Special Issue features six invited and 18 regular papers that address these problems.
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay of Antibodies to Rabbit Haemorrhagic Disease Virus and Determination of its Major Structural Proteins (1990)

An ELISA was developed for the determination of antibodies to rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) in whole blood and blood serum of rabbits. Naturally acquired antibodies were detected in 19.4% of blood samples collected from 1461 rabbits in 43 farms apparently free of the disease, 19.7% samples were doubtful and 60.9% of the rabbits were free of antibodies to RHDV. Their presence has a considerable effect on the resistance of rabbits to infection with RHDV. Antibodies were also found in rabbit blood serum samples collected up to 12 years before the first outbreaks of RHD were reported. Up to 14 viral protein antigens were determined by PAGE and Western blot analysis, of which three with Mr values of 61K, 38K and 52K were major proteins, the 61K being dominant. Our hyperimmune sera, a Chinese reference serum and sera with positive antibody titres, including those collected several years before the first outbreaks of RHD, reacted identically with these antigens in the Western blot analysis. The data obtained suggest that naturally acquired antibodies are a product of a specific response to prior infection with an avirulent strain of the virus.
Figure S4 from Validation of a Plasma-Based Comprehensive Cancer Genotyping Assay Utilizing Orthogonal Tissue- and Plasma-Based Methodologies (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Quantitative precision of Digital Sequencing results. (a) SNV VAFs in 375 consecutive SNV control runs. (b) Indel and fusion VAFs (left y-axis) and CNA copy number (right y-axis) in consecutive CFI control runs. (c) Variation distribution of DS results in 375 consecutive analyses of a single SNV control lot (blue) and multiple consecutive lots of indel (red), fusion (grey), and CNA (orange) controls.&lt;/p&gt;
An Integrated Approach to Identify New Anti-Filarial Leads to Treat River Blindness, a Neglected Tropical Disease (2021)

Filarial worms cause multiple debilitating diseases in millions of people worldwide, including river blindness. Currently available drugs reduce transmission by killing larvae (microfilariae), but there are no effective cures targeting the adult parasites (macrofilaricides) which survive and reproduce in the host for very long periods. To identify effective macrofilaricides, we carried out phenotypic screening of a library of 2121 approved drugs for clinical use against adult Brugia pahangi and prioritized the hits for further studies by integrating those results with a computational prioritization of drugs and associated targets. This resulted in the identification of 18 hits with anti-macrofilaricidal activity, of which two classes, azoles and aspartic protease inhibitors, were further expanded upon. Follow up screening against Onchocerca spp. (adult Onchocerca ochengi and pre-adult O. volvulus) confirmed activity for 13 drugs (the majority having IC50 &lt; 10 μM), and a counter screen of a subset against L. loa microfilariae showed the potential to identify selective drugs that prevent adverse events when co-infected individuals are treated. Stage specific activity was also observed. Many of these drugs are amenable to structural optimization, and also have known canonical targets, making them promising candidates for further optimization that can lead to identifying and characterizing novel anti-macrofilarial drugs.
Double pass, common path method for arbitrary polarization control using a ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (2013)

We present a method for arbitrary control of the polarization of a light beam. Our method uses two holograms on a binary ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator (FLCSLM), and so has the potential to allow polarization state switching at kilohertz rates. Unlike previous methods that achieve polarization control using FLCSLMs, our method is common path and requires only the simplest optical components. For this reason, the method is very easy to setup, align, and maintain. In addition, it has the ability to modulate unpolarized input light. We demonstrate the formation of radially, azimuthally, and circularly polarized beams by imaging their focal spots formed at low numerical aperture.
Silicon optoelectronics at the end of the rainbow? (1992)

Silicon is the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust. As well as being cheap, it possesses certain physical and chemical properties that have made it the dominant material in microelectronics for over three decades. The concept of integrated circuits (ICs), conceived in the 1950s, overcame what had been called a "tyranny of numbers" problem – that of connecting and soldering together prohibitive numbers of small, discrete electronic components. But it was the 1960s, when the practical fabrication of such devices became possible, that heralded the silicon chip revolution.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2007)

No AccessJournal of UrologyAdult urology1 Jun 2007Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.02.028AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail Prevention of Nephrolithiasis by Lactobacillus in Stone-Forming Rats: A Preliminary Study 1 : Reduction of oxaluria after an oral course of lactic acid bacteria at high concentration. Kidney Int2001; 60: 1097. Google Scholar © 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 177Issue 6June 2007Page: 2193-2195 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF DownloadLoading ...
Therapy of relapsed/refractory metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) with an anti-Trop-2-SN-38 antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), sacituzumab govitecan (IMMU-132): Phase II results. (2016)

LBA509 The full, final text of this abstract will be available at abstracts.asco.org at 2:00 PM (EDT) on Friday, June 3, 2016, and in the Annual Meeting Proceedings online supplement to the June 20, 2016, issue of the Journal of Clinical Oncology. Onsite at the Meeting, this abstract will be printed in the Saturday edition of ASCO Daily News.
Biomechanical Analysis of a Resorbable Anterior Cervical Graft Containment Plate (2005)

The 1-level resorbable plate does not increase stability compared to grafted but unplated specimens and provides less stability than a metal plate, especially during flexion. However, the resorbable plate substantially improves resistance to graft extrusion. The 2-level resorbable plate significantly reduces motion compared to grafted but unplated specimens. When applying a 2-level plate, 3 screws per vertebra are recommended. In a 1-level plate, 2 or 3 screws per vertebra are equivalent.
System impact of group-delay ripple in single and cascaded chirped FBGs (2002)

We experimentally show the system impact of group-delay ripple on system performance when considering a single fibre Bragg grating (FBG) and cascaded FBGs. We find that, for single gratings with different GD ripple, shorter pulse-widths can reduce the penalty induced by GD ripple, meanwhile, the impact of ripple becomes more and more serious as the data rate increases.
Carbon films with ansp2network structure (1999)

Laser-arc evaporation of a graphite target has been used to deposit carbon films that exhibit high hardness (45 GPa) and elastic recovery (85%). High-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) were subsequently used to study the microstructure and bonding of the resultant layers. The structure of the films from HREM is seen to consist of a dense array of parallel curved graphene sheet segments packed in various orientations. EELS reveals that the films are comprised of mainly ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$-bonded carbon. The results suggest that a form of carbon thin film with fullerenelike structure can be realized. In order to explain how a predominantly ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$-bonded material can exhibit such a high hardness, a simple model is proposed to correlate the excellent mechanical properties with the observed structure.
Aberration Functions Due To Coatings (2016)

The end-to-end properties of coated optical systems combined with aberration theory provides families of aberrations describing polarization dependent optical path length and diattenuation which can be related back to the coating design parameters.
Thermodynamic Stability of Metastable Tetragonal t'-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 Phase in the CeO2-ZrO2 system (2003)

Article Thermodynamic Stability of Metastable Tetragonal t'-Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 Phase in the CeO2-ZrO2 system was published on August 1, 2003 in the journal High Temperature Materials and Processes (volume 22, issue 3-4).
Fourier analysis of corneal astigmatic changes following photorefractive keratectomy (2003)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the corneal irregular astigmatism following photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) for myopia. The corneal topography of 30 eyes of 26 patients was measured with the TMS-1 videokeratoscope before and 1 month after PRK. Axial dioptric data were decomposed into four components; A0 (Sphericity), C1 × 2 (Asymmetry), C2 × 2 (Regular astigmatism), and C3 (higherorder irregularity) for the central 3 and 6 mm zone by Fourier series harmonic analysis. Post-operative topographies were divided into those with an irregular and those with a homogeneous pattern, and the Fourier components were compared. In the 6mm zone, A0 was significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.001), and C1 × 2, C2 × 2, and C3 were significantly increased (P = 0.001, 0.005, 0.002, respectively). In the 3mm zone, A0 decreased (P &lt; 0.001) and C1 × 2 increased (P &lt; 0.001) significantly. C1 × 2 was correlated with the post-operative corrected visual acuity (P &lt; 0.001, r = 0.647). The irregular pattern group had a larger C1 × 2 component (P &lt; 0.001). The treatment displacement was not correlated with any component. In conclusion, irregular topography due to intraoperative drift or asymmetrical wound healing may play a more important role in the post-operative corneal optical property than mild treatment displacement.
SDP attribute for qualifying Media Formats with Generic Parameters (2003)

This document defines one SDP attribute: 'gpmd', or general-
purpose media descriptor. This attribute allows the use of generic
parameters to qualify media formats. These generic parameters are not
part of the standard (e.g. MIME) definition of the media format. The
syntax and semantics of the 'gpmd' attribute and possible
generic parameters that constitute it are defined, along with
guidelines for the definition and registration of these generic
parameters. General-Purpose Media Descriptor
Volume estimates from contours (1959)

Volume estimates by use of contours find their application in many fields. A practical method of computing volumes by use of contours which the author believes of value to geologists is presented here. It is not original, and is one of many such mathematical approaches, but it has a simplicity particularly suited for stratigraphic and economic estimates of masses. It has not appeared in geological journals, and the writer believes that geologists will find it useful in many situations. An example of this method of estimating volumes from contours is given, in terms of ascertaining the cut and fill necessary to grade a given area, 500ft. by 700 ft., for a 1% slope, N to S. A contour interval of 1 ft. is used, and the map scale is 1 in. to 100 ft.
A NEURAL NETWORK APPROACH FOR DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS OF INTERSTITIAL LUNG DISEASES (1990)

Asada, N. Ph.D.; Doi, K. Ph.D.; MacMahon, H. M.D.; Montner, S. M.D.; Giger, M. L. Ph.D.; Abe, C. M.D. Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: Fluoride‐Mediated Boronic Acid Coupling Reactions. (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Large Exchange Bias IrMn/CoFe for Magnetic Tunnel Junctions (2008)

We report on the enhancement of the exchange field, Hex , in IrMn/CoFe systems as a result of the application of field annealing procedures. The exchange field is enhanced up to a 37% on application of a 2 Tesla field for 90 minutes at 225degC. This setting process improves the magnitude of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EX</sub> without significant changes in the coercivity, H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> , or the median blocking temperature. The sample with largest exchange bias field measured, 3.7 kOe and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> = 0.2 kOe at 20degC, seems to have the largest ratio of H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">EX</sub> to H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> ever reported for an IrMn/CoFe exchange bias system. This makes these structures good candidates as pinned layers in magnetic tunnel junctions. The samples show good thermal stability with median blocking temperatures up to 200degC. The results also indicate that the improvement in the quality of the interfaces via the degree of alignment of the interfacial spins improves the coupling across the interface and hence the magnitude of the exchange bias field.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTROLLED PITCH NANO ARRAYS FOR APPLICATION IN NANO SCALE BASED PROPORTIONAL COUNTERS (2010)

Proportional counters (PCs) are a type of gas-filled radiation detection device capable of distinguishing between a wide range of radiation types and energies. In this application, however, these devices are limited by high power consumption and high bias potentials required to operate in the proportional detection regime. Previous work performed with a single carbon nanotube (CNT) anode has shown that nanoscale-based PCs can operate at bias potentials of 10V rather than the 1000V range required for PCs. ''Proof of concept'' experiments with a single CNT as the anode exhibit a small detection volume and consequently required long count times (24 hrs). To make this a practical detector technology (i.e., decrease the count time), the effective detection volume has to be increased. Experimental data and electric field modeling show that if the pitch (spacing between individual nanotubes) of the arrays is too small, the electric field of the individual nanostructure will collapse and the nanoscale array will behaved as a single macro-scale field with the associated high bias potential required to reach the proportional region. Electric-field modeling of the affect of nanostructure pitch on the electric field distribution of these arrays predicted that a pitch of about two-and-a-times the height of the nanostructure was required to retain the nanoscale electric field. In this work, we report on the fabrication and electrical property testing of nanoscale arrays with a range of controlled pitches.