gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Inorganic Hole Transport Materials for Organic and Perovskite Solar Cells: Insights into Materials Electronic Properties and Device Performance (2020)

Interfaces in perovskite and organic solar cells play a central role in advancing efficiency and prolong device durability. They improve charge transport/transfer from the absorber layer to the collecting electrodes, while also blocking the opposite charge carriers, minimize voltage losses by suppressing charge recombination. and may act as buffer/protective layers and nanomorphology regulators for the absorber layer. One such interface is formed by the hole transport layer (HTL) and the organic/perovskite absorber. These HTLs typically consist of organic semiconductors, which, although are solution processable at low temperatures and allow perfect energy‐level alignment with the absorber layer and therefore efficient charge collection, are prone to degradation in ambient conditions and under continuous light exposure. In a quest for robust alternatives, inorganic materials such as metal oxides, graphene oxide, bronzes, copper thiocyanate, and transition metal dichalcogenides are actively investigated. However, their hole extraction capability is inferior compared with organic semiconductors as they possess specific energetics leading to significant charge extraction barriers and moderate charge collection. To achieve further advancements in their hole transporting capabilities, strongly interconnecting knowledge of their synthesis, electronic properties, and device performance metrics is required.
Spectroscopy of Three-Particle Entanglement in a Macroscopic Superconducting Circuit (2005)

We study the quantum mechanical behavior of a macroscopic, three-body, superconducting circuit. Microwave spectroscopy on our system, a resonator coupling two large Josephson junctions, produced complex energy spectra well explained by quantum theory over a large frequency range. By tuning each junction separately into resonance with the resonator, we first observe strong coupling between each junction and the resonator. Bringing both junctions together into resonance with the resonator, we find spectroscopic evidence for entanglement between all 3 degrees of freedom and suggest a new method for controllable coupling of distant qubits, a key step toward quantum computation.
Heat-Stabilized Defatted Rice Bran (HDRB) as an Alternative Growth Medium for Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2014)

Heat-stabilized defatted rice bran (HDRB) is an inexpensive and underutilized coproduct of rice milling. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) is commonly used in bread production and fermentation, and it has a variety of application within the food and pharmaceutical industries. The objective of the current study is to evaluate HDRB as a complex media for the growth of S. cerevisiae. Analysis determined that HDRB was composed of 35.9% total dietary fiber, 19.1% crude protein, 14.9% starch, 16.4% ash, 9.4% moisture, 1.9% soluble sugars, 1.8% crude lipid, and 8.9 mg/g total phenolics. S. cerevisiae cultured in HDRB grew from an initial inoculum of 1.5 Log CFU/mL to 7.2 Log CFU/mL within 42 hr. In comparison, yeast cultured in yeast media grew from an initial inoculum of 1.5 to 7.8 Log CFU/mL within 24 hr. The results from this study indicate that HDRB can serve as a low cost alternative growth medium for S. cerevisiae.
A Wavelet-Based Two-Stage Near-Lossless Coder (2006)

In this paper, we present a two-stage near-lossless compression scheme. It belongs to the class of "lossy plus residual coding" and consists of a wavelet-based lossy layer followed by arithmetic coding of the quantized residual to guarantee a given L(infinity) error bound in the pixel domain. We focus on the selection of the optimum bit rate for the lossy layer to achieve the minimum total bit rate. Unlike other similar lossy plus lossless approaches using a wavelet-based lossy layer, the proposed method does not require iteration of decoding and inverse discrete wavelet transform in succession to locate the optimum bit rate. We propose a simple method to estimate the optimal bit rate, with a theoretical justification based on the critical rate argument from the rate-distortion theory and the independence of the residual error.
Membrane-Associated Transporter Protein (MATP) Regulates Melanosomal pH and Influences Tyrosinase Activity (2015)

The SLC45A2 gene encodes a Membrane-Associated Transporter Protein (MATP). Mutations of this gene cause oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4). However, the molecular mechanism of its action in melanogenesis has not been elucidated. Here, we discuss the role of MATP in melanin production. The SLC45A2 gene is highly enriched in human melanocytes and melanoma cell lines, and its protein, MATP, is located in melanosomes. The knockdown of MATP using siRNAs reduced melanin content and tyrosinase activity without any morphological change in melanosomes or the expression of melanogenesis-related proteins. Interestingly, the knockdown of MATP significantly lowered the melanosomal pH, as verified through DAMP analysis, suggesting that MATP regulates melanosomal pH and therefore affects tyrosinase activity. Finally, we found that the reduction of tyrosinase activity associated with the knockdown of MATP was readily recovered by copper treatment in the in vitro L-DOPA oxidase activity assay of tyrosinase. Considering that copper is an important element for tyrosinase activity and that its binding to tyrosinase depends on melanosomal pH, MATP may play an important role in regulating tyrosinase activity via controlling melanosomal pH.
A Maximal Correlation Approach to Imposing Fairness in Machine Learning (2022)

As machine learning algorithms grow in popularity and diversify to many industries, ethical and legal concerns regarding their fairness have become increasingly relevant. We explore the problem of algorithmic fairness, taking an information-theoretic view. The maximal correlation framework is introduced for expressing fairness constraints and shown to be capable of deriving regularizers that enforce independence and separation-based fairness criteria, which admit optimization algorithms that are more computationally efficient than existing algorithms. We show that these algorithms provide smooth performance-fairness tradeoff curves and perform competitively with state-of-the-art methods on the Communities and Crimes dataset.
Experimental comparison of optical phase conjugation and DCF aided DWDM 2×10.7 Gbit/s DQPSK transmission (2005)

The performance of DWDM 2×10.7 Gbit/s-DQPSK is assessed comparing mid-link optical phase conjugation (OPC) and DCF for dispersion compensation. We report a 44%-increase in transmission distance resulting from nonlinear phase noise reduction by using mid-link OPC. (2 pages)
Lactam Enolate-Pyridone Addition: Synthesis of 4-Halocytisines (2010)

The application of a lactam enolate-pyridone addition sequence, originally developed for cytisine, has been applied successfully to generate the first examples of 4-halocytisines. Variation of the lactam component provides cyfusine and 4-fluorocyfusine.
How to write a long formula (1994)

Abstract Standard mathematical notation works well for short formulas, but not for the longer ones often written by computer scientists. Notations are proposed to make one or two-page formulas easier to read and reason about.
NmlR of Neisseria gonorrhoeae : a novel redox responsive transcription factor from the MerR family (2005)

A MerR-like regulator (NmlR -Neisseria merR-like Regulator) identified in the Neisseria gonorrhoeae genome lacks the conserved cysteines known to bind metal ions in characterized proteins of this family. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that NmlR defines a subfamily of MerR-like transcription factors with a distinctive pattern of conserved cysteines within their primary structure. NmlR regulates itself and three other genes in N. gonorrhoeae encoding a glutathione-dependent dehydrogenase (AdhC), a CPx-type ATPase (CopA) and a thioredoxin reductase (TrxB). An nmlR mutant lacked the ability to survive oxidative stress induced by diamide and cumene hydroperoxide. It also had > 50-fold lower NADH-S-nitrosoglutathione oxidoreductase activity consistent with a role for AdhC in protection against nitric oxide stress. The upstream sequences of the NmlR regulated genes contained typical MerR-like operator/promoter arrangements consisting of a dyad symmetry located between the -35 and -10 elements of the target genes. The NmlR target operator/promoters were cloned into a beta-galactosidase reporter system and promoter activity was repressed by the introduction of NmlR in trans. Promoter activity was activated by NmlR in the presence of diamide. Under metal depleted conditions NmlR did not repress P(AdhC) (or P(CopA)) promoter activity, but this was reversed in the presence of Zn(II), indicating repression was Zn(II)-dependent. Analysis of mutated promoters lacking the dyad symmetry revealed constitutive promoter activity which was independent of NmlR. Gel shift assays further confirmed that NmlR bound to the target promoters possessing the dyad symmetry. Site-directed mutagenesis of the four NmlR cysteine residues revealed that they were essential for activation of gene expression by NmlR.
Accelerometer-based activity recognition on a mobile phone using cepstral features and quantized gmms (2013)

The use of cepstral coefficients derived from a filter bank with logarithmically spaced band center frequencies and Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) with quantized parameters (qGMMs) are proposed for accelerometer-based activity recognition of mobile phone users. The use of a filter bank with logarithmically spaced band center frequencies is shown to yield better results than the use of a filter bank with linear spacing between band center frequencies. GMMs and qGMMs are shown to achieve similar recognition accuracies. However, the computation time using qGMMs is shown to be either at the same level or faster when compared to GMMs, depending on model complexity. Using the proposed approach, we achieve an accuracy of 72.6% and 91.3% on two recognition tasks with seven and five activities, respectively.
Functional Coupling of Last-Intron Splicing and 3′-End Processing to Transcription In Vitro: the Poly(A) Signal Couples to Splicing before Committing to Cleavage (2007)

We have developed an in vitro transcription system, using HeLa nuclear extract, that supports not only efficient splicing of a multiexon transcript but also efficient cleavage and polyadenylation. In this system, both last-intron splicing and cleavage/polyadenylation are functionally coupled to transcription via the tether of nascent RNA that extends from the terminal exon to the transcribing polymerase downstream. Communication between the 3' splice site and the poly(A) site across the terminal exon is established within minutes of their transcription, and multiple steps leading up to 3'-end processing of this exon can be distinguished. First, the 3' splice site establishes connections to enhance 3'-end processing, while the nascent 3'-end processing apparatus makes reciprocal functional connections to enhance splicing. Then, commitment to poly(A) site cleavage itself occurs and the connections of the 3'-end processing apparatus to the transcribing polymerase are strengthened. Finally, the chemical steps in the processing of the terminal exon take place, beginning with poly(A) site cleavage, continuing with polyadenylation of the 3' end, and then finishing with splicing of the last intron.
Analysis and design method of ZCS DC-DC converter in consideration of the parasitic capacitance of switch and its effect on loss reduction (2016)

This paper proposes a new design method to minimize the cause of parasitic oscillation in zero-current-switching (ZCS) DC-DC converter. The parasitic capacitance in switche is considered in circuit operation, a design of the ZCS DC-DC converter is optimized by proposed design method. With some prerequisites and assumptions, the waveform equations of the parasitic oscillations are analytically derived. The equations show the essential condition to suppress the parasitic oscillations and designing procedure of the auxiliary circuit. A 90 VDC/385 VDC, 300 W, operating 200 kHz prototype has been built and evaluated. The experimental results confirmed the validity and switch loss reduction effect of the proposed design method. The main switch loss has been measured approximately 37% smaller than conventional design method.
Phosphorylated Pullulan Coating Enhances Titanium Implant Osseointegration in a Pig Model (2017)

These findings reveal the capacity of functionalizing the titanium implant surface with phosphorylated pullulan to improve the mineralization of the implant-bone interface.
Adding Thoracic Fusion Levels in Lenke 5 Curves (2012)

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis surgeons attempt to achieve balanced correction with the fewest motion segments fused. Our data suggest that fusion of the thoracic curve in primary thoracolumbar scoliosis may improve coronal correction, but at the cost of decreased thoracic kyphosis and clinical flexibility 2 years postoperatively.
901 Bacillus Calmette-Guerin can subvert patients antitumor immune response by downregulating HLA-I expression on cancer cells (2021)

<h3>Background</h3> Patients with high-risk non muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) frequently relapse after standard BCG immunotherapy and have a dismal outcome after progression to muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC).<sup>1 2</sup> The mechanisms of tumor resistance to such immunotherapy remain elusive. <h3>Methods</h3> We performed functional assays of fresh human bladder tumors mixed with BCG, reinforced with in vitro experiments and in situ transcriptomics analyses together with immune profiling by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in a cohort of T1 NMIBC pre- and post BCG therapy. <h3>Results</h3> We found two distinct patterns of BCG-induced immune subversion. In the first pattern, intracellular infection by live BCG was associated with HLA-I loss and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition characteristics. Mechanistically, LC3-GFP reporter cell line showed a significant induction of autophagy upon BCG exposure. HLA-I deficient tumors displayed a myeloid immunosuppressive microenvironment together with an upregulation of autophagy-related genes, and dismal outcome. Conversely, HLA-I+ BCG-treated tumors generated a Th1 type of immune response associated with an upregulation of exhaustion markers. Such patients had a very favorable outcome upon radical surgery. <h3>Conclusions</h3> We surmise that HLA-I expression in bladder cancers does not result from immunoediting but rather from HLA-I molecules endocytosis related to autophagy induction in infected cancer cells. Cancer cells HLA-I scoring by immunohistochemistry staining can be easily implemented by pathologists in routine practice to stratify future bladder cancer patient treatment strategies. <h3>References</h3> Pietzak EJ, Zabor EC, Bagrodia A, <i>et al</i>. Genomic differences between “primary” and “secondary” muscle-invasive bladder cancer as a basis for disparate outcomes to cisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. <i>Eur Urol</i> 2019;<b>75</b>(2):231–239. . Patrick J Hensley, Kelly K Bree, Matthew T Campbell, <i>et al</i>. Progression of disease after BCG therapy: refining patient selection for neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radical cystectomy. <i>J Urol</i> 2021 June 29;101097JU0000000000001943. <h3>Ethics Approval</h3> Our study obtained ethics approval from the Foch Hospital Ethics Committee (IRB00012437). All the participants gave informed consent before taking part. <h3>Consent</h3> We surmise that HLA-I expression in bladder cancers does not result from immunoediting but rather from HLA-I molecules endocytosis related to autophagy induction in infected cancer cells. Cancer cells HLA-I scoring by immunohistochemistry staining can be easily implemented by pathologists in routine practice to stratify future bladder cancer patient treatment strategies.
Coronary microvascular disease: diagnostic evaluation (2021)

Vessel Plus is an open acccess journal, which publishes articles related to vascular diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, aneurysm, atherosclerosis, hypertension, stroke, peripheral vascular or pulmonary vascular diseases, etc.
Differential phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 in isolated rat hepatocytes after incubation with insulin and glucagon (1982)

Glucagon and insulin both stimulated the 32P-labelling of ribosomal protein S6 in rat hepatocytes that had been incubated with 32Pi. Glucagon selectively enhanced the labelling of the tryptic peptide phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase, demonstrating that 6 S is a physiological substrate for this enzyme. Insulin stimulated the phosphorylation of distinct tryptic peptides, at least one of which appears to be very close in the primary structure to the sites phosphorylated by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase.
Strategies to maximize carried traffic in dual-mode cellular systems (2000)

Dual-mode cellular systems based on the EIA/TIA IS-54 standard offer the eventual prospect of carrying up to six digital calls in the same bandwidth as a single analog call. During the transition from analog to digital service, however, the call-carrying capacity of such systems will be limited by the presence of existing analog users. In this situation, it is reasonable to ask if there are call-handling strategies that could increase the total traffic carried by providing preferential treatment to digital users. We consider four such strategies for maximizing the total traffic carried by a dual-mode cellular system. For two of these strategies, including the baseline "no-control" strategy we develop closed-form solutions for carried traffic and other related service statistics. The closed-form solution for the no-control case is then extended to provide a tight upper bound on carried traffic for any control strategy. We also present a method for finding the optimal control strategy by applying linear programming (LP) techniques. The strategies are compared for various proportions of analog and digital users and offered traffic levels. The findings show that it is actually quite difficult to obtain gains using strategies that exploit the difference in spectral efficiency between analog and digital calls, even with formally optimal strategies. While this is an unexpected finding, we feel the conclusion has been well validated and is now understood and explained in the paper.
Comparison of Sexual Dysfunction in Male Schizophrenic Patients Maintained on Treatment With Classical Antipsychotics Versus Clozapine (2001)

Maintenance therapy with the atypical neuroleptic clozapine may be associated with a lesser degree of sexual dysfunction than the classical antipsychotics in male outpatients with chronic schizophrenia.
Brain Calcifications in Adult-Onset Genetic Leukoencephalopathies (2017)

The number of identified causes of adult-onset genetic leukoencephalopathies has recently increased. A diagnostic algorithm should take into account the pattern of calcifications to better target the genetic analyses.
Visceral leishmaniasis affects liver and spleen concentrations of amphotericin B following administration to mice (2009)

VL significantly lowered the concentration of AmB in the liver and the spleen when compared with uninfected animals. This effect seems to correlate with the degree of infection of the tissue. In the case of the intravenous liposomal formulation (AmBisome), the differences between the infected and non-infected tissues are of a higher magnitude than in the case of orally administered AmB (iCo-009).
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel Orally Active Ureido NPY Y5 Receptor Antagonists. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Dehydroabietic Acid Suppresses Inflammatory Response Via Suppression of Src-, Syk-, and TAK1-Mediated Pathways (2019)

Dehydroabietic acid (DAA) is a naturally occurring diterpene resin acid derived from coniferous plants such as <i>Pinus</i> and <i>Picea</i>. Various bioactive effects of DAA have been studied including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer activities. However, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DAA remains unclear. We evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of DAA in macrophage cell lines. Dehydroabietic acid clearly reduced nitric oxide (NO) production and inflammatory gene expression decreased according to RT-PCR results. Dehydroabietic acid displayed anti-inflammatory activity at the transcriptional level in results from NF-κB- or AP-1-mediated luciferase assays. To identify the DAA target protein, we investigated NF-κB and AP-1 pathways by Western blotting analysis. Dehydroabietic acid suppressed the activity of proto-oncogene tyrosine protein kinase (Src) and spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) in the NF-κB cascade and transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) in the AP-1 cascade. Using overexpression strategies, we confirmed that DAA targeted these kinases. Our findings demonstrate the anti-inflammatory effects and molecular mechanism of DAA. This suggests that DAA has potential as a drug or supplement to ameliorate inflammation.
Development of an Experimental Facility for Investigating Single-Phase Liquid Flow in Microchannels (2006)

An experimental facility has been developed to investigate single-phase liquid heat transfer and pressure drop in a variety of microchannel geometries. The facility is capable of accurately measuring the fluid temperatures, heater surface temperatures, heat transfer rates, and differential pressure in a test section. A microchannel test section with a silicon substrate is used to demonstrate the capability of the experimental facility. A copper resistor is fabricated on the backside of the silicon to provide heat input. Several other small copper resistors are used with a four-point measurement technique to acquire the heater temperature and calculate surface temperatures. A transparent pyrex cover is bonded to the chip to form the microchannel flow passages. The details of the experimental facility are presented here. The experimental facility is intended to support the collection of fundamental data in microchannel flows. It has the capability of optical visualization using a traditional microscope to see dyes and particles. It is also capable of performing micro-particle image velocimetry in the microchannels to detect the flow field occurring in the microchannel geometries. The experimental uncertainties have been carefully evaluated in selecting the equipment used in the experimental facility. The thermohydraulic performance of microchannels will be studied as a function of channel geometry, heat flux, and liquid flow rate. Some preliminary results for a test section with a channel width of 100 micrometers, a depth of 200 micrometers, and a fin thickness of 40 micrometers are presented.