gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Verbreiterung und Tragwerkserneuerung bei der Aitertalbruecke / Widening and improvement in the course of the general refurbishments of the Aitertal bridge (2004)

Die Aitertalbruecke, eine der aeltesten Grossbruecken im Zuge der West Autobahn A 1 in Oberoesterreich, musste im Zuge der Generalsanierung der A 1 verbreitert und ertuechtigt werden. Da die 45 Jahre alten Spannbetontragwerke nicht mehr mit vertretbarem Aufwand an die neuen Anforderungen angepasst werden konnten, war ein Austausch der Tragwerke notwendig. Die Unterbauten stammen noch vom Beginn des Autobahnbaues in Oesterreich, aus den Jahren 1939 - 1942. Sie stehen als ueber 50 Jahre alte technische Gewerke und als Zeitzeugen unter Denkmalschutz und wurden daher in das neue Konzept zur weiteren Nutzung integriert. Waehrend der gesamten Arbeiten mussten fuer den Verkehr 2 x 2 Spuren frei gehalten werden, mit dem Erschwernis, dass auf einem Richtungstragwerk des Altbestandes hoechstens 3 Spuren eingerichtet werden konnten. Darueber hinaus war fuer den kontrollierten Rueckbau der alten Spannbetontragwerke planerisch und ausfuehrungstechnisch ein innovatives Konzept zu entwickeln. Als neue Tragwerke wurden Verbundtragwerke gewaehlt, deren Stahltraeger ruestfrei durch Vorschub eingebaut wurden. (A) ABSTRACT IN ENGLISH: The Aitertal bridge, one of the oldest major bridges of the Austrian Western Motorway A1 in Upper Austria, had to be widened and improved in the course of the general refurbishments. It was not possible to upgrade the 45 year old prestressed-concrete bridge at reasonable costs, a replacement of the superstructure was necessary. The substructures were built in the years 1939 - 1945, in the beginning of motorway building in Austria. These more than 50 year old structures, evidences of a past time, are under protection of monuments and had to be integrated for further use in the new design of the bridge. During the whole period of refurbishment a total of 4 lanes had to be provided for traffic, with the problem, that only 3 lanes could be established on the old bridge deck structures of one direction. To guarantee the controlled demolition of the old prestressed superstructures, an innovative concept had to be developed. The old bridge superstructures were replaced by a composite deck, whose steel girders were launched from one abutment, without any scaffolding. (A)
Intracardiac Electrical Bioimpedance as a Basis for Controlling of Pacing Rate Limits (2006)

Intracardiac impedance can provide real-time hemodynamic information to automatically control the lower and upper rate limits of a rate-adaptive pacemaker. It is necessary to overcome a number of technical challenges to accomplish this within the constraints of an implantable device.
Association between neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and mood polarity in adolescents admitted to an inpatient psychiatric ward (2022)

Inflammatory processes are associated with mood disorders, but data on pediatric patients are scarce. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between elevated neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) - a marker of inflammation and mood polarity (manic/depressed) in adolescents, admitted between 2010 and 2015 due to a mood disorder episode and to an adolescent inpatient ward. Electronic medical records of 305 patients (aged 10-19 years, 60.6% males) admitted during the study period due to a mood disorder episode were reviewed. Of these, 63 were diagnosed with manic episodes and 242 with depressive episodes. Multivariate analyses were used to compare NLR between and within the two groups, covarying for age, sex, and antipsychotic use. NLR was significantly higher in the manic episode group compared with the depression one. Moreover, in inpatients with multiple hospitalizations, the NLR was higher during their manic episodes than that during their nonmanic states. These results suggest that, as has been reported in adults with bipolar disorder, inflammatory mechanisms may be involved in adolescents' mood disorders as well, particularly in the manic episodes. Thus, clinicians may consider adding anti-inflammatories as part of the treatment of these patients.
Hybrid-PIC Computer Simulation of the Plasma and Erosion Processes in Hall Thrusters (2010)

HPHall software simulates and tracks the time-dependent evolution of the plasma and erosion processes in the discharge chamber and near-field plume of Hall thrusters. HPHall is an axisymmetric solver that employs a hybrid fluid/particle-in-cell (Hybrid-PIC) numerical approach. HPHall, originally developed by MIT in 1998, was upgraded to HPHall-2 by the Polytechnic University of Madrid in 2006. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory has continued the development of HPHall-2 through upgrades to the physical models employed in the code, and the addition of entirely new ones. Primary among these are the inclusion of a three-region electron mobility model that more accurately depicts the cross-field electron transport, and the development of an erosion sub-model that allows for the tracking of the erosion of the discharge chamber wall. The code is being developed to provide NASA science missions with a predictive tool of Hall thruster performance and lifetime that can be used to validate Hall thrusters for missions.
Influence of leg preference on bilateral muscle activation during cycling (2010)

The purpose of this study was to investigate asymmetry of muscle activation in participants with different levels of experience and performance with cycling. Two separate experiments were conducted, one with nine cyclists and one with nine non-cyclists. The experiments involved incremental maximal and sub-maximal constant load cycling tests. Bilateral surface electromyography (EMG) and gross and net muscle efficiency were assessed. Analyses of variance in mixed linear models and t-tests were conducted. The cyclists in Experiment 1 presented higher gross efficiency (P < 0.05), whereas net efficiency did not differ between the two experiments (21.3 ± 1.4% and 19.8 ± 1.0% for cyclists and non-cyclists, respectively). The electrical muscle activity increased significantly with exercise intensity regardless of leg preference in both experiments. The coefficient of variation of EMG indicated main effects of leg in both experiments. The non-preferred leg of non-cyclists (Experiment 2) presented statistically higher variability of muscle activity in the gastrocnemius medialis and vastus lateralis. Our findings suggest similar electrical muscle activity between legs in both cyclists and non-cyclists regardless of exercise intensity. However, EMG variability was asymmetric and appears to be strongly influenced by exercise intensity for cyclists and non-cyclists, especially during sub-maximal intensity. Neural factors per se do not seem to fully explain previous reports of pedalling asymmetries.
Wide steering angle microscanner based on curved surface (2013)

Intensive industrial and academic research is oriented towards the design and fabrication of optical beam steering systems based on MEMS technology. In most of these systems, the scanning is achieved by rotating a flat micromirror around a central axis in which the main challenge is achieving a wide mirror rotation angle. In this work, a novel method of optical beam scanning based on reflection from a curved surface is presented. The scanning occurs when the optical axis of the curved surface is displaced with respect to the optical axis of the incident beam. To overcome the possible deformation of the spot with the scanning angle, the curved surface is designed with a specific aspherical profile. Moreover, the scanning exhibits a more linearized scanning angle-displacement relation than the conventional spherical profile. The presented scanner is fabricated using DRIE technology on an SOI wafer. The curved surface (reflector) is metalized and attached to a comb-drive actuator fabricated in the same lithography step. A single-mode fiber, behaving as a Gaussian beam source, is positioned on the substrate facing the mirror. The reflected optical beam angle and spotsize in the far field is recorded versus the relative shift between the fiber and the curved mirror. The spot size is plotted versus the scanning angle and a scanning spot size uniformity of about &plusmn;10% is obtained for optical deflection angles up to 100 degrees. As the optical beam is propagating parallel to the wafer substrate, a completely integrated laser scanner can be achieved with filters and actuators self-aligned on the same chip that allows low cost and mass production of this important product.
Hierarchical Polymer–Nanotube Composites (2007)

The hierarchical morphology of a nanocomposite with aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes results in templated growth of a semi-crystalline poly(ϵ-caprolactone) that is highly robust. The composite structure shows a significant mechanical reinforcement of the polymer. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2007/c0765_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A robot referee for rock-paper-scissors sound games (2008)

This paper describes a robot referee for “rockpaper-scissors (RPS)” sound games; the robot decides the winner from a combination of rock, paper and scissors uttered by two or three people simultaneously without using any visual information. In this referee task, the robot has to cope with speech with low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) due to a mixture of speeches, robot motor noises, and ambient noises. Our robot referee system, thus, consists of two subsystems - a real-time robot audition subsystem and a dialog subsystem focusing on RPS sound games. The robot audition subsystem can recognize simultaneous speeches by exploiting two key ideas; preprocessing consisting of sound source localization and separation with a microphone array, and system integration based on missing feature theory (MFT). Preprocessing improves the SNR of a target sound signal using geometric source separation with a multi-channel post-filter. MFT uses only reliable acoustic features in speech recognition and masks out unreliable parts caused by interfering sounds and preprocessing. MFT thus provides smooth integration between preprocessing and automatic speech recognition. The dialog subsystem is implemented as a system-initiative dialog system for multiple players based on deterministic finite automata. It first waits for a trigger command to start an RPS sound game, controls the dialog with players in the game, and finally decides the winner of the game. The referee system is constructed for Honda ASIMO with an 8-ch microphone array. In the case with two players, we attained a 70% task completion rate for the games on average.
Core-level photoemission study of the InAs/CdSe nanocrystalline system (2004)

We have applied the technique of core-level photoemission spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation to a study of the interface in the colloidally prepared InAs/CdSe core/shell nanocrystal system. We find that As-Se and In-Se chemical bonds dominate the interface which we may describe as ``Se rich.'' The surface states observed for In and As of the pure InAs nanocrystals are successfully removed by growth of the CdSe shell layer. We discuss how the removal of these ``surface charge traps'' causes a large increase in the photoluminescence yield compared with that of the pure InAs nanocrystal.
Saturated Absorption Spectroscopy of CH3OH (1976)

Up to now methyl alcohol has been the most fertile molecule for generating far infrared laser radiation via CO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> laser optical pumping [1]. Nevertheless, of the numerous CH <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> OH submillimeter emission lines and their corresponding pump transitions, most of the spectroscopic assignments have yet to be made. Detailed knowledge of the quantum numbers, relaxation rates and dipole matrix elements is essential for assessing further potential of these lasers as sources and for new fundamental studies of the physics of three level systems.
Multiple-pulse NMR in inhomogeneously broadened rotating solids: Theory of sideband suppression experiments (1988)

A detailed analysis of a wide range of magic angle sample spinning (MASS)/multiple-pulse NMR experiments is presented. The analysis depends upon the calculation of the magnetization trajectories of individual crystallites, and thus is valid for inhomogeneously broadened systems. Using this model we examine a variety of experiments used to control and manipulate rotational sidebands in MASS spectra. This model provides a straightforward analysis of both the two and four π pulse experiments used for total suppression of sidebands (TOSS), and allows us to derive new timings for both sequences. We are able to provide the first proof that the TOSS sequence exactly eliminates sidebands, and that the two-pulse sequence eliminates first-order sidebands. We also demonstrate that the TOSS cycle can actually lead to inverted spectra, and we have accurately quantified intensity losses which occur in both the two- and four-pulse versions. The effect of pulse errors on sideband suppression experiments is also briefly discussed, as well as one possible means to reintroduce information about shift anisotropies into TOSS-type experiments.
Antigenic analysis of the coat protein of beet necrotic yellow vein virus by means of monoclonal antibodies (1990)

By means of monoclonal antibodies (MAbs), five (groups of) epitopes were identified on particles of beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Epitopes 1 and 2, which were located on the opposite extremities of virus particles, are discontinuous (SDS-labile) epitopes which were destroyed when the particles were treated with trypsin. Epitope 3 is a continuous (SDS-stable) epitope located at the same extremity as epitope 2. It was not destroyed when the particles were treated with trypsin and was present on an Escherichia coli-expressed fusion protein containing amino acids (aa) 1 to 103 of the BNYVV coat protein. The continuous epitope 4, which was located along the entire length of the particles, was found to be present on a fusion protein containing aa 104 to 188 of the BNYVV coat protein but not on trypsin-treated virus particles. In Western blots, these treated particles yielded two slightly smaller coat proteins which failed to react with MAbs specific for epitope 4 but did react with polyclonal antisera and MAbs specific for epitope 3. BNYVV coat protein has a trypsin cleavage site on the carboxyl side of arginine in position 182, so it is therefore suggested that epitope 4 is located on the exposed C terminus, which is composed of aa 183 to 188. Epitope 5 was also located along the entire length of the particles but in a more uneven distribution than epitope 4. This may be because it is a discontinuous epitope that is very sensitive to subtle changes in protein conformation.
Dimensional analysis of flame angles versus wind speed (1991)

Dimensional analysis has potential to help explain and predict physical phenomena, but has been used very little in studies of wildland fire behavior. By combining variables into dimensionless groups, the number of variables to be handled and the experiments to be run is greatly reduced. A low velocity wind tunnel was constructed, and methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl alcohol were used as buoyancy sources. Three diameters of pans, 4, 10, and 15 cm, were used and the order of six wind speeds was randomized in three replications. Flame angle was plotted against Byram's dimensionless group glB/ρCpTv3 (1959) in this preliminary study. Flames remained almost vertical at low wind speeds, inclined rapidly after critical wind speeds were attained, then inclined only slightly more as wind speeds continued to increase. A critical point in the value of the Byram number appears to be at a value of about 100.
"The World's Most Extensive Investigation of a Scientific Paper" (1989)

Journal Article “The World's Most Extensive Investigation of a Scientific Paper” Get access David Baltimore David Baltimore Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 81, Issue 11, 7 June 1989, Pages 826–838, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/81.11.826 Published: 07 June 1989
Improving proton MR spectroscopy of brain tissue for noninvasive diagnostics (2010)

Preprocessing of MRS spectra can significantly improve their diagnostic utility for automated consultation of pattern recognition models. Use of several techniques in combination greatly increases available proton MRS information content. Accurate assignment of unknowns among nine tissue classes represents a significant improvement, for a much more demanding task, than has been previously reported.
The Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne fallax on Strawberry in the Netherlands (2005)

The root-knot nematode Meloidogyne fallax Karssen is closely related to M. chitwoodi Golden, O'Bannon, Santo & Finley. Both species have a wide host range and have been designated as quarantine nematodes by several countries. Strawberry (Fragaria ananassa L.) is considered a poor host for M. chitwoodi (2,3), but the host status for M. fallax in unknown. During 2003, a host suitability study was performed with four common strawberry cultivars (Ciflorette, Elsanta, Kimberly, and Mara des bois) on a field naturally infested with M. fallax near Wintelre, the Netherlands. The identity of the nematode was confirmed, prior to and after the test, by using morphological characteristics, isozymes, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The field was not infested with M. hapla Chitwood. The host test included 15 replicates per cultivar and started in April with a mean initial M. fallax density of approximately 4,500 second-stage juveniles per 100 ml of soil. The plants used in the field trial were multiplied by cuttings and grown on artificial substrate free from any Meloidogyne species. Upon plant harvesting in October, the number of root galls were counted and cvs. Mara des bois and Ciflorette did not show any typical root-knot symptoms, while cvs. Elsanta and Kimberly expressed only a few small galls. Additionally, high numbers of nematodes were found in the roots using the centrifugal floating method (1). The mean numbers of isolated nematodes for all cultivars (females, 116; males, 80; second-stage juveniles, 6,636; third- and fourth-stage juveniles, 49; and eggs, 920 per 10 g of roots) suggests that the tested strawberry cultivars are good hosts for M. fallax despite the lack of clear root galling or visible plant grow reduction as has been observed in the past for M. javanica on strawberry (4). To our knowledge, this is the first report of strawberry as a host for M. fallax, and it suggests that M. fallax could be spread by strawberry transplant grown in M. fallax infested soil. The Dutch Plant Protection Service is currently discussing appropriate action, such as an additional root-knot nematode test in addition to visual root inspection, before strawberry plants are shipped and cultivated. References: (1) W. A. Coolen and J. D'Herde. A method for the quantitative extraction of nematodes from plant tissue. Ghent State Agriculture Research Centre, 1972. (2) A. M. Golden et al. J. Nematol. 12:319, 1980. (3) J. H. O'Bannon et al. Plant Dis. 66:1045, 1982. (4) D. P. Taylor and C. Netscher. Cah. O.R.S.T.O.M, Ser. Biol. 10:247, 1975.
Deep Radar Sensor Models for Accurate and Robust Object Tracking (2020)

Object tracking is one of the key challenges for perception systems of autonomous vehicles. Recursive Bayesian state estimation can be used to obtain object tracks. Both the measurement association and the object update within such Bayesian filters rely on sensor measurement models. These models offer an approximation of the expected sensor values that can be error-prone due to a mismatch between model and reality. The discrepancy is caused by the limited descriptive capacity of measurement models since sensor measurements are highly object and situation dependent. We address this problem in a data-driven approach by using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to learn situation dependent sensor measurement models. In detail, the DNN acts as a virtual sensor that uses current sensor measurements to regress necessary corrections of predicted object states. It can be directly plugged into existing tracking frameworks, substituting the previously hand-modeled association and update steps during Bayesian Filtering. We apply the proposed DNN-based measurement models to the problem of vehicle tracking using radar data in an Extended Kalman Filter setup and compare it to a classical closest reflex and an L-shape measurement update model. Extensive evaluation on a real-world dataset shows that our model improves performances significantly compared to state of the art methods.
Random walks on weighted graphs and applications to on-line algorithms (1993)

The design and analysis of randomized on-line algorithms are studied. This problem is shown to be closely related to the synthesis of random wdlks on graphs with positive real costs on their edges. A theory is developed for the synthesis of such wdlks, and it is employed to design competitive on-line algorithms.