gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Theoretical background and improvement of a simplified half-pel motion estimation (2002)

This paper describes theoretical background of a mean absolute error (MAE) approximation method which was adopted as a half-pel motion estimation method in our real-time MPEG-2 codec VisuaLink 7000. We also propose an improved MAE approximation method which employs the horizontal and the vertical differentials of a source picture in addition to the MAEs of adjacent full-pel motion vectors. In general, any approximation method for MAE involves some loss of coding efficiency. However, the proposed method reduces loss of coding efficiency to 1/2/spl sim/3/4 of other existing methods with negligible increases of necessary computations and data transfers.
On the potential of seismic rotational motion measurements for extraterrestrial seismology (2017)

ISSN:1029-7006
Organic/inorganic hybrid nanomaterials with vitamin B12functions (2006)

A hybrid nanomaterial was prepared by human serum albumin (HSA) and vitamin B12 derivatives. The incorporation of hydrophobic vitamin B12 derivatives, which have ester groups in place of the peripheral amide moieties of the natural cobalamin, into HSA is primarily controlled by the hydrophobicity of the peripheral ester groups. Microenvironmental property around the hydrophobic vitamin B12 in HSA was examined by fluorescence and fluorescence polarization measurements. The hydrophobic vitamin B12 itself in HSA is in a microenvironment equivalent in medium polarity to dichloromethane. The molecular motion of hydrophobic vitamin B12 in HSA was markedly suppressed under such microenvironmental conditions. Carbon-skeleton rearrangement reaction of an alkyl radical derived from an alkyl ligand bound to the hydrophobic vitamin B12 was markedly favored in HSA aqueous solution, relative to the reactions in methanol and benzene. The 1,2–migration of the electron-withdrawing group arises from both the suppression of molecular motion and desolvation effects on the alkylated hydrophobic vitamin B12 in HSA.
Deletion of the Aspergillus niger Pro-Protein Processing Protease Gene kexB Results in a pH-Dependent Morphological Transition during Submerged Cultivations and Increases Cell Wall Chitin Content (2020)

There is a growing interest in the use of post-fermentation mycelial waste to obtain cell wall chitin as an added-value product. In the pursuit to identify suitable production strains that can be used for post-fermentation cell wall harvesting, we turned to an <i>Aspergillus niger</i> strain in which the <i>kexB</i> gene was deleted. Previous work has shown that the deletion of <i>kexB</i> causes hyper-branching and thicker cell walls, traits that may be beneficial for the reduction in fermentation viscosity and lysis. Hyper-branching of <i>∆kexB</i> was previously found to be pH-dependent on solid medium at pH 6.0, but was absent at pH 5.0. This phenotype was reported to be less pronounced during submerged growth. Here, we show a series of controlled batch cultivations at a pH range of 5, 5.5, and 6 to examine the pellet phenotype of <i>ΔkexB</i> in liquid medium. Morphological analysis showed that <i>ΔkexB</i> formed wild type-like pellets at pH 5.0, whereas the hyper-branching <i>ΔkexB</i> phenotype was found at pH 6.0. The transition of phenotypic plasticity was found in cultivations at pH 5.5, seen as an intermediate phenotype. Analyzing the cell walls of <i>ΔkexB</i> from these controlled pH-conditions showed an increase in chitin content compared to the wild type across all three pH values. Surprisingly, the increase in chitin content was found to be irrespective of the hyper-branching morphology. Evidence for alterations in cell wall make-up are corroborated by transcriptional analysis that showed a significant cell wall stress response in addition to the upregulation of genes encoding other unrelated cell wall biosynthetic genes.
Cost (or Price) Forecasting in the Face of Technological Advance (2007)

AbstractThe problem considered involves forecasting the future costs of hard drives of various capacities and speeds of revolution or, more generally, forecasting the future costs of various quantifiably different versions of a commodity that is subject to technological advance. In the primary development, it is supposed that the data consist of past and present costs. A model is proposed in which the past, present, and future costs of each version are related with each other and also with the costs of the other versions. The model encompasses a stochastic version of an empirical relationship known as Moore's law. A forecasting methodology was developed by adopting a Bayesian approach and taking the prior distribution to be of a relatively tractable form. An implementation of the Gibbs sampler was devised for making draws from the posterior distribution of the future costs; the forecasts are based on those draws. The proposed methodology was used to obtain forecasts retrospectively from data accumulated (over a 5-year period) on the quarterly costs of hard drives. The accuracy of the longer-term forecasts compared favorably with those of certain benchmark forecasts, whereas the accuracy of the shorter-term forecasts compared less favorably. Greater accuracy can be achieved through enhancements to the proposed methodology that provide for the use of supplementary information (i.e., information that is relevant but not fully reflected in the past and present costs).KEY WORDS: Bayesian inferenceGibbs samplerMarkov chain Monte CarloMoore's law
Time-Domain Terahertz Spectroscopy of (100) (LaAlO3)0.3-(Sr2AlTaO6)0.7 Substrate (2001)

We measured terahertz (THz) properties of high- T c superconductor's (HTS's) substrates, (100) MgO and (100) (LaAlO 3 ) 0.3 -(Sr 2 AlTaO 6 ) 0.7 (LSAT), at frequencies between 0.5 THz and 2 THz using time-domain terahertz spectroscopy (TDTS). The complex refractive index \tilde n and dielectric function \tildeε of the MgO substrate were independent of frequencies; those of LSAT slightly increased with increasing frequency. It was determined that \tilde n =3.17+ i 0.004 and \tildeε=10.1+ i 0.06 for the MgO substrate and \tilde n =4.8+ i 0.02 and \tildeε=24+ i 0.2 for the LSAT substrate at 1 THz. The LSAT values were almost independent of the temperature at these frequencies. The dielectric loss tan δ's of the LSAT and the MgO substrates were less than 0.01. The tan δ's of LSAT were several times larger than those of MgO, and increased with an increase of frequency.
Tiered Memory: An Iso-Power Memory Architecture to Address the Memory Power Wall (2012)

Moore's Law improvement in transistor density is driving a rapid increase in the number of cores per processor. DRAM device capacity and energy efficiency are increasing at a slower pace, so the importance of DRAM power is increasing. This problem presents system designers with two nominal options when designing future systems: 1) decrease off-chip memory capacity and bandwidth per core or 2) increase the fraction of system power allocated to main memory. Reducing capacity and bandwidth leads to imbalanced systems with poor processor utilization for noncache-resident applications, so designers have chosen to increase DRAM power budget. This choice has been viable to date, but is fast running into a memory power wall. To address the looming memory power wall problem, we propose a novel iso-power tiered memory architecture that supports 2-3X more memory capacity for the same power budget as traditional designs by aggressively exploiting low-power DRAM modes. We employ two "tiers” of DRAM, a "hot” tier with active DRAM and a "cold” tier in which DRAM is placed in self-refresh mode. The DRAM capacity of each tier is adjusted dynamically based on aggregate workload requirements and the most frequently accessed data are migrated to the "hot” tier. This design allows larger memory capacities at a fixed power budget while mitigating the performance impact of using low-power DRAM modes. We target our solution at server consolidation scenarios where physical memory capacity is typically the primary factor limiting the number of virtual machines a server can support. Using iso-power tiered memory, we can run 3× as many virtual machines, achieving a 250 percent improvement in average aggregate performance, compared to a conventional memory design with the same power budget.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of 6‐O‐Heteroarylcarbamoyl‐11,12‐lactoketolides. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Critical Role of Supporting Electrolyte Selection on Flow Battery Cost (2017)

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are promising devices for grid energy storage, but additional cost reductions are needed to meet the U.S. Department of Energy recommended capital cost of $150 kWh−1 for an installed system. The development of new active species designed to lower cost or improve performance is a promising approach, but these new materials often require compatible electrolytes that optimize stability, solubility, and reaction kinetics. This work quantifies changes in RFB cost performance for different aqueous supporting electrolytes paired with different types of membranes. A techno-economic model is also used to estimate RFB-system costs for the different membrane and supporting salt options considered herein. Beyond the conventional RFB design incorporating small active species and an ion-exchange membrane (IEM), this work also considers size-selective separators as a cost-effective alternative to IEMs. The size selective separator (SSS) concept utilizes nanoporous separators with no functionalization for ion selectivity, and the active species are large enough that they cannot pass through the separator pores. Our analysis finds that SSS or H+-IEM are most promising to achieve cost targets for aqueous RFBs, and supporting electrolyte selection yields cost differences in the $100's kWh−1.
AGATA: A Toolbox for Automated Glucose Data Analysis (2023)

Automated Glucose dATa Analysis is easy to use and reduces the burden of CGM data analysis. It is freely available in GitHub at https://github.com/gcappon/agata.
Status of Self-Magnetic Pinch Diode Investigations on RITS-6. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Thymic Dendritic Cells Express Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase and Generate Nitric Oxide in Response to Self- and Alloantigens (2000)

Thymocytes maturing in the thymus undergo clonal deletion/apoptosis when they encounter self- or allo-Ags presented by dendritic cells (DCs). How this occurs is a matter of debate, but NO may play a role given its ability of inducing apoptosis of these cells. APC (a mixed population of macrophages (Mphi) and DCs) from rat thymus expressed high levels of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and produced large amounts of NO in basal conditions whereas iNOS expression and NO production were very low in thymocytes. Analysis by FACS and by double labeling of cytocentrifuged preparations showed that DCs and MPhi both express iNOS within APC. Analysis of a purified preparation of DCs confirmed that these cells express high levels of iNOS and produce large amounts of NO in basal conditions. The capacity of DCs to generate NO was enhanced by exposure to rat albumin, a self-protein, and required a fully expressed process of Ag internalization, processing, and presentation. Peptides derived from portions of class II MHC molecules up-regulate iNOS expression and NO production by DCs as well, both in self and allogeneic combinations, suggesting a role of NO in both self and acquired tolerance. We also found that NO induced apoptosis of rat double-positive thymocytes, the effect being more evident in anti-CD3-stimulated cells. Altogether, the present findings might suggest that DC-derived NO is at least one of the soluble factors regulating events, in the thymus, that follow recognition of self- and allo-Ags.
Diffusion of a single ion in a one-dimensional optical lattice (1998)

We present an experimental study of the spatial diffusion of a single ion in a polarization gradient field. A 24 Mg + ion was radially confined in a two-dimensional radio-frequency (rf) trap, while an optical lattice superimposed to a weak electric potential was applied along the free axis. With the help of a statistical analysis of single ion trajectories, a spatial diffusion constant was obtained as a function of optical potential depth. The results are compared to semiclassical theoretical models for trapped ions and neutral atoms.
The effects of maltodextrin and protein supplementation on serum metabolites in exercising competitive weight-pulling dogs (2019)

Post-exercise carbohydrate repletion of skeletal muscle glycogen utilising maltodextrin, with or without highly digestible protein, can improve performance in humans which has been extrapolated to dogs. There is limited metabolic evidence regarding substrate utilisation during exercise with and without supplementation other than serum hormone status and serum amino acid responses. The objectives of this study were 2-fold; (1) to examine the metabolomic changes associated with a weight-pulling exercise; and (2) to examine the effects of maltodextrin/protein supplementation on serum metabolomics during recovery. Serum was collected from 12 dogs (6 control and 6 treatment) at different time points (pre-exercise, 0 min post-exercise, 30 min post, 3 h post) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was performed identifying 242 metabolites. A two-way analysis of variance for time and treatment with false discovery rate correction was performed using MetaboAnalyst 3.0. There were 9 metabolites found to be significantly increased or decreased immediately after exercise from baseline representing primarily citric acid cycle metabolites. Treatment differences at 30 min post-exercise showed increases in 8 metabolites including amino acids and carbohydrate intermediates with supplementation. Thirty-seven metabolites were significantly different at 3 h post-exercise, with most metabolites being related to amino acid increases, as well as decreases in fatty acid metabolites with supplementation. Definite alterations in metabolites suggesting that post-exercise supplementation with maltodextrin and protein supports glucose metabolism and alters fatty acid metabolism or clearance during recovery from a weight-pulling exercise.
A Versatile Nonviral Delivery System for Multiplex Gene‐Editing in the Liver (2020)

Recent advances in CRISPR present attractive genome-editing toolsets for therapeutic strategies at the genetic level. Here, a liposome-coated mesoporous silica nanoparticle (lipoMSN) is reported as an effective CRISPR delivery system for multiplex gene-editing in the liver. The MSN provides efficient loading of Cas9 plasmid as well as Cas9 protein/guide RNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP), while liposome-coating offers improved serum stability and enhanced cell uptake. Hypothesizing that loss-of-function mutation in the lipid-metabolism-related genes pcsk9, apoc3, and angptl3 would improve cardiovascular health by lowering blood cholesterol and triglycerides, the lipoMSN is used to deliver a combination of RNPs targeting these genes. When targeting a single gene, the lipoMSN achieved a 54% gene-editing efficiency, besting the state-of-art Lipofectamine CRISPRMax. For multiplexing, lipoMSN maintained significant gene-editing at each gene target despite reduced dosage of target-specific RNP. By delivering combinations of targeting RNPs in the same nanoparticle, synergistic effects on lipid metabolism are observed in vitro and vivo. These effects, such as a 50% decrease in serum cholesterol after 4 weeks of post-treatment with lipoMSN carrying both pcsk9 and angptl3-targeted RNPs, could not be reached with a single gene-editing approach. Taken together, this lipoMSN represents a versatile platform for the development of efficient, combinatorial gene-editing therapeutics.
Lipid Bilayer Exosome–mediated Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Utilizing Exosomes (2015)

Exosomes are lipid bilayer vesicles, which are secreted outside of the cells. Exosomes have a size of 40～200 nm in diameters. Exosomes contain miRNAs, mRNAs, proteins and DNAs, and transfer their contents to other cells. Exosomes are expected to be useful and effective cancer biomarker, because exosomes are detected in body fluids, and because molecules contained in exosomes reflect the components of originated cells. In addition, exosomes may be able to apply to novel therapeutic strategies. In this review, we explain the basic characteristics of exosomes and recent advances in diagnostics and therapeutics using exosomes.
Design of compound-defect waveguides in three-dimensional photonic crystals (2006)

We designed three-dimensional (3D) photonic crystal (PC) waveguides by simultaneously introducing one acceptor-type and two donor-type line defects. The waveguides have an extremely large singlemode bandwidth, which covers more than 90% of the complete photonic band gap. The relatively large group velocity and the mode-field localization in the air core should prevent unintended nonlinear phenomena for ultra-short pulse propagation. These promising characteristics could only be achieved by using 3D PCs, which have the advantages of complete light confinement and no restrictions of the light cone.
Acoustic scattering by elastic solid cylinders and spheres in viscous fluids (1983)

This paper deals with analytic studies and numerical results of the scattering of plane sound waves from an elastic circular cylinder and from an elastic sphere in a viscous fluid. The elastic properties of the cylinder and the sphere and the viscosity of the surrounding fluid are taken into account in the solution of the acoustic-scattering problems. The associated acoustic quantities, such as the acoustic-scattering patterns, the acoustic-radiation forces, and the acoustic attenuation, are first derived in closed forms and then evaluated numerically for a given set of material properties. Numerical results show that increasing fluid viscosity tends to increase the directionality of the angular distribution of the scattering patterns, especially in the forward direction. The acoustic-radiation force on the cylinder or on the sphere is in the direction of the incident wave and increases as the viscosity of the fluid increases. The plots of the acoustic-attenuation coefficients versus the dimensionless wavenumber of the incident sound wave reveal oscillatory phenomena, which are caused by the resonant vibrations of the cylinder or the sphere.
<title>Reliability improvement of integrated circuits through alkali contamination reduction in dielectric films</title> (1994)

ABSTRACT As geometries continue to shrink, the reduction of alkali ion contamination inintegrated circuits is imperative. A Motorola factory established a goal to achieve greaterthan an order of magnitude reduction in alkali ion levels through characterization andelimination of the sources. Various teams contributed to the overall goal by identifying sources and focusing on reducing or eliminating the alkali ion levels. Reliability improvements have been accomplished over the past three years utilizing this methodology.Key Words: Alkali, Ions, Contamination, Partitioning, Solvent, Sodium, Reliability 2. INTRODUCTION Throughout the history of semiconductor devices, researchers have studied themovement of alkali metal ions in oxide film layers.1'2 These studies have led to a greaterunderstanding of the effects of alkali ion contamination, such as sodium on integratedcircuit devices. In recognizing the need for continual alkali ion reduction in advancedtechnologies to provide improved performance and reliability, our factory created a goalthree years ago to reduce these levels by greater than an order of magnitude. To achievethis goal, an internal organization consisting of various teams each focused on specificareas was created. This organizational structure had previously been used successfullyin our factory.3Fig. 1 is a diagram of the organization and the interrelationship of the teams to
Supercritical millifluidic reactor for the synthesis of efficient GaN nanophotocatalysts (2023)

Here, we demonstrate the continuous synthesis of gallium nitride (GaN) nanophotocatalysts exhibiting high quantum confinement using a preheated supercritical millireactor. The GaN quantum dots (QDs) are obtained from the direct thermolysis of a single source amido complex precursor (tris(dimethyl)amido gallium(III) dimer), in anhydrous supercritical cyclohexane. The quality of the synthesized QDs is highly dependent on the chemical pathways for the single source precursor thermolysis. Through the use of numerical modeling, we designed a millifluidic reactor allowing a sufficiently high heating rate for a direct precursor thermolysis towards efficient GaN nanoparticles. The as-designed preheated supercritical flow reactor yields highly reproducible GaN QDs (optical properties, crystallite phase and morphology) at high throughput, enabling gram scale production. Eventually, the photocatalytic properties of the GaN QDs were evaluated in a direct photochemical reaction through the degradation of a dye molecule (Methyl Orange). The obtained results demonstrate the higher photocatalytic activity of such photocatalysts compared to the commercially and reference available Degussa P25.
Functional T Cell Responses to Tumor Antigens in Breast Cancer Patients Have a Distinct Phenotype and Cytokine Signature (2007)

The overall prevalence with which endogenous tumor Ags induce host T cell responses is unclear. Even when such responses are detected, they do not usually result in spontaneous remission of the cancer. We hypothesized that this might be associated with a predominant phenotype and/or cytokine profile of tumor-specific responses that is different from protective T cell responses to other chronic Ags, such as CMV. We detected significant T cell responses to CEA, HER-2/neu, and/or MAGE-A3 in 17 of 21 breast cancer patients naive to immunotherapy. The pattern of T cell cytokines produced in response to tumor-associated Ags (TAAs) in breast cancer patients was significantly different from that produced in response to CMV or influenza in the same patients. Specifically, there was a higher proportion of IL-2-producing CD8(+) T cells, and a lower proportion of IFN-gamma-producing CD4(+) and/or CD8(+) T cells responding to TAAs compared with CMV or influenza Ags. Finally, the phenotype of TAA-responsive CD8(+) T cells in breast cancer patients was almost completely CD28(+)CD45RA(-) (memory phenotype). CMV-responsive CD8(+) T cells in the same patients were broadly distributed among phenotypes, and contained a high proportion of terminal effector cells (CD27(-)CD28(-)CD45RA(+)) that were absent in the TAA responses. Taken together, these results suggest that TAA-responsive T cells are induced in breast cancer patients, but those T cells are phenotypically and functionally different from CMV- or influenza-responsive T cells. Immunotherapies directed against TAAs may need to alter these T cell signatures to be effective.
Novel bandpass filter based on a three-core photonic crystal fiber (2005)

The wavelength-selective coupling of three-core photonic crystal fibers is investigated numerically. It is found that, with suitable choice of air-hole diameters, it is possible to obtain all-fiber bandpass filtering devices for various applications.