gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Model of a radio-frequency low electron temperature plasma source (2018)

The time-averaged plasma potential in a partially ionized plasma is directly linked to the electron temperature (Te). Plasmas with low Te or plasma potential are attractive for applications that require low ion energy at surfaces. This article describes a radio-frequency (RF) driven low Te plasma source. This source utilizes two RF supplies at 2 and 60 MHz to achieve the optimum plasma density and ion energy. The plasma source is divided into two regions separated by a perforated plate, which is metallic and grounded. A high density (>1017 m−3) plasma is generated in the primary region next to the RF powered electrode. The DC bias on the powered electrode is high (∼2000 V) leading to energetic ion bombardment on it. These ions produce secondary electrons that, under the low pressure condition under consideration, enter the plasma as a beam of energetic electrons and many of them reach the perforated plate. It is demonstrated that the slits in the perforated plate can be designed to prevent the RF primary plasma from leaking into the secondary region while still allowing the beam electrons to pass through. The plasma produced by the beam electrons has moderate density (∼1016 m−3) and Te < 0.5 eV. The influence of slit dimensions on the characteristics of the plasma in the secondary discharge region is examined in this article.
Measurement uncertainty in pulmonary vascular input impedance and characteristic impedance estimated from pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound and pressure: clinical studies on 57 pediatric patients (2010)

Pulmonary vascular input impedance better characterizes right ventricular (RV) afterload and disease outcomes in pulmonary hypertension compared to the standard clinical diagnostic, pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR). Early efforts to measure impedance were not routine, involving open-chest measurement. Recently, the use of pulsed-wave (PW) Doppler-measured velocity to non-invasively estimate instantaneous flow has made impedance measurement more practical. One critical concern remains with clinical use: the measurement uncertainty, especially since previous studies only incorporated random error. This study utilized data from a large pediatric patient population to comprehensively examine the systematic and random error contributions to the total impedance uncertainty and determined the least error prone methodology to compute impedance from among four different methods. We found that the systematic error contributes greatly to the total uncertainty and that one of the four methods had significantly smaller propagated uncertainty; however, even when this best method is used, the uncertainty can be large for input impedance at high harmonics and for the characteristic impedance modulus. Finally, we found that uncertainty in impedance between normotensive and hypertensive patient groups displays no significant difference. It is concluded that clinical impedance measurement would be most improved by advancements in instrumentation, and the best computation method is proposed for future clinical use of the input impedance.
A Nanofluidic Railroad Switch for DNA (2006)

We present a metamaterial consisting of a two-dimensional, asymmetric lattice of crossed nanochannels in fused silica, with channel diameters of 80 nm to 140 nm. When DNA is introduced, it is stretched and linearized. We show that the asymmetry in channel dimensions gives rise to a preferred direction for DNA orientation and a preferred direction for transport under dc electrophoresis. Interestingly, the preferred axis of orientation and transport can be switched by 90 degrees through application of an ac voltage. We explain the results in terms of an energy landscape for polyelectrolytes that consists of entropic and dielectrophoretic contributions and whose strength and sign can be tuned by changing the ac field strength.
Extended Survival after Complete Pathological Response in Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Following Induction Chemotherapy, Chemoradiotherapy, and a Novel Immunotherapy Agent, IMM-101 (2015)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) has an extremely poor prognosis. Median survival for metastatic patients is six to nine months and survivors beyond one year are exceptional. Pancreatic cancer is resistant to conventional chemotherapy and is often diagnosed at advanced stages. However, immunotherapy is a rapidly advancing new treatment modality, which shows promise in many solid tumor types.​ We present a patient with metastatic pancreatic cancer who underwent a synchronous resection of the primary tumour (pancreatoduodenectomy) and metastatic site (left hepatectomy) after multimodality neoadjuvant treatment with gemcitabine, nab-paclitaxel, and immunotherapy backbone with IMM-101 (an intradermally applied immunomodulator), as well as consolidation chemoradiation. Pathology of the specimens showed a complete response in both sites of the disease. The patient remains alive four years from the initial diagnosis and continues on maintenance immunotherapy. This exceptional response to initial chemo-immunotherapy was followed by a novel and off-protocol approach of low-dose capecitabine and IMM-101 as a maintenance strategy. The survival benefit and sustained performance status could set this as a new paradigm for the treatment of oligometastatic pancreatic cancer following response to systemic therapy and immunotherapy.​.
In Vitro Evaluation of the Biosafety of Hyaluronic Acid PEG Cross-Linked with Micromolecules of Calcium Hydroxyapatite in Low Concentration (2018)

In conclusion, the results obtained by the different methods show that the product Neauvia Stimulate® does not cause any cytotoxic effect and does not affect the correct structure and morphology of cells cultures.
A test circuit for extremely low gate leakage current measurement of 10 aA for 80,000 MOSFETs in 80 s (2012)

We propose a test circuit which can evaluate statistical characteristics of gate leakage current in a very short time with high accuracy (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-17</sup> - 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-17</sup> A, 87344 samples in 80 s). The absolute value of the gate leakage current is verified and the repeatability error is 1×10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-18</sup> A. Using the test circuit, random telegraph signal of the gate leakage current and stress induced leakage current are evaluated statistically.
Hydro-electromagnetic properties in ground-penetrating radar field target detection studies (2019)

Recent work in context-dependent processing for buried threat detection has revealed the potential of exploiting correlated environmental parameters in ground-penetrating radar (GPR) imaging, detection and discrimination, as well as data fusion approaches. In order to fully understand the physical phenomenology and develop performance predictions, we need to correlate measurable environmental parameters to GPR performance. We focus on hydro-meteorological and hydrogeologic properties such as temperature, humidity, soil water matric potential, soil water content, and sediment density and texture to understand the hydrogeophysical relationships and methods to incorporate them into optimal experimental design and data processing. Varying levels of data and information quality are assessed to quantify the sensitivity of GPR acquisition and processing methods to environmental contextual information. Both numerical modeling and experimental data collection are used to evaluate soil water controls on three-dimensional electromagnetic wave propagation. We present the analysis of experimental data collected in a new instrumented test bed facility constructed for assessing various configurations of air- or ground-coupled GPR systems. We assess factors such volume integration scale, measurement scaling and accuracy of the various hydro-electromagnetic sensing methods in terms of understanding multi-static radar angular illumination and imaging performance.
Integrated photonic systems based on transformation optics enabled gradient index devices (2012)

Integrated photonics is expected to play an increasingly important role in optical communications, imaging, computing and sensing with the promise for significant reduction in the cost and weight of these systems. Future advancement of this technology is critically dependent on an ability to develop compact and reliable optical components and facilitate their integration on a common substrate. Here we reveal, with the utility of the emerging transformation optics technique, that functional components composed of planar gradient index materials can be designed and readily integrated into photonic circuits. The unprecedented design flexibility of transformation optics allows for the creation of a number of novel devices, such as a light source collimator, waveguide adapters and a waveguide crossing, which have broad applications in integrated photonic chips and are compatible with current fabrication technology. Using the finite-difference time-domain method, we perform full-wave numerical simulations to demonstrate their superior optical performance and efficient integration with other components in an on-chip photonic system. These components only require spatially-varying dielectric materials with no magnetic properties, facilitating low-loss, broadband operation in an integrated photonic environment. Using transformation optics, researchers have built miniature gradient-index components for collimating, coupling and splitting light beams. Transformation optics is a popular theoretical approach for designing novel metamaterial-based photonic devices such as invisibility cloaks and perfect light absorbers. Qi Wu, Jeremiah Turpin and Douglas Werner from The Pennsylvania State University in the USA have now used transformation optics to design miniature gradient-index components. The small size and all-dielectric nature of these components means that they can be easily implemented by standard nanofabrication techniques such as silicon-on-insulator patterning, and are well-suited for integration with planar on-chip photonic systems. The researchers suggest that the approach could also yield nanoscale circuitry for controlling surface plasmons in applications such as optical communications, computing and sensing.
Rolling circle amplification detection of RNA and DNA (2023)

Rolling circle amplification (RCA) has been useful for detecting point mutations in isolated nucleic acids, but its application in cytological preparations has been problematic. By pretreating cells with a combination of restriction enzymes and exonucleases, we demonstrate RCA in solution and in situ to detect gene copy number and single base mutations. It can also detect and quantify transcribed RNA in individual cells, making it a versatile tool for cell-based assays.
Automated Digital Quantification of Pulmonary Fibrosis in Human Histopathology Specimens (2021)

Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by abnormal interstitial extracellular matrix and cellular accumulations. Methods quantifying fibrosis severity in lung histopathology samples are semi-quantitative, subjective, and analyze only portions of sections. We sought to determine whether automated computerized imaging analysis shown to continuously measure fibrosis in mice could also be applied in human samples. A pilot study was conducted to analyze a small number of specimens from patients with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome pulmonary fibrosis (HPSPF) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Digital images of entire lung histological serial sections stained with picrosirius red and alcian blue or anti-CD68 antibody were analyzed using dedicated software to automatically quantify fibrosis, collagen, and macrophage content. Automated fibrosis quantification based on parenchymal tissue density and fibrosis score measurements was compared to pulmonary function values or Ashcroft score. Automated fibrosis quantification of HPSPF lung explants was significantly higher than that of IPF lung explants or biopsies and was also significantly higher in IPF lung explants than in IPF biopsies. A high correlation coefficient was found between some automated quantification measurements and lung function values for the three sample groups. Automated quantification of collagen content in lung sections used for digital image analyses was similar in the three groups. CD68 immunolabeled cell measurements were significantly higher in HPSPF explants than in IPF biopsies. In conclusion, computerized image analysis provides access to accurate, reader-independent pulmonary fibrosis quantification in human histopathology samples. Fibrosis, collagen content, and immunostained cells can be automatically and individually quantified from serial sections. Robust automated digital image analysis of human lung samples enhances the available tools to quantify and study fibrotic lung disease.
The optical blood test device with the micro Fabry-Perrot interferometer (2004)

This paper reports on an optical blood test device using a micro Fabry-Perot interferometer (micro FPI) implanted in a body. Since we intend to measure many kinds of information from blood by using only one device, we have developed a micro FPI. A prototype of the micro FPI was fabricated beforehand to check the characteristics of the micro FPI. The prototype can be used in wide wavelength ranging from visible light to near-infrared. It transmits the light from 30 to 80% in the range. The light transmittances of arterial blood and venous blood were measured by the prototype. Based on the prototype, a micro FPI was fabricated. The characteristics of the micro FPI are similar to the prototype. It turns out that this micro FPI has sufficient characteristics to measure the oxygen concentration.
Effect of Thread and Bearing Friction Coefficients on the Vibration-Induced Loosening of Threaded Fasteners (2007)

This study provides a theoretical and experimental investigation of the effect of the thread and bearing friction coefficients on the self-loosening of threaded fasteners that are subjected to cyclic transverse loads. The friction coefficients are varied by using different types of coating and lubrication. A phosphate and oil coating and an olefin and molydisulfide solid film lubricant are used on the bolts tested. A mathematical model is developed to evaluate the self-loosening behavior in threaded fasteners when subjected to cyclic transverse loads. An experimental procedure and test setup are proposed in order to collect real-time data on the loosening rate (rate of clamp load loss per cycle) as well as the rotational angle of the bolt head during its gradual loosening. The experimental values of the friction coefficients are used in the mathematical model to monitor their effect on the theoretical results for the loosening rate. Experimentally, the friction coefficients are modified by changing the coating or the lubrication applied to the fasteners. The theoretical and experimental results are presented and discussed.
Investigation of several types of nonlinearities for use in stereo acoustic echo cancellation (2001)

In this paper, we investigate several types of nonlinearities used for the unique identification of receiving room impulse responses in stereo acoustic echo cancellation. The effectiveness is quantified by the mutual coherence of the transformed signals. The perceptual degradation is studied by psycho-acoustic experiments in terms of subjective quality and localization accuracy in the medial plane. The results indicate that, of the several nonlinearities considered, ideal half-wave rectification appears to be the best choice for speech. For music, the nonlinearity parameter of the ideal rectifier must be readjusted. The smoothed rectifier does not require this readjustment, but is a little more difficult to implement.
Mass Spectral Characterization and UPLC Quantitation of 3-Deoxyanthocyanidins in Sorghum bicolor Varietals (2017)

A quantitative ultra-performance LC (UPLC) method was developed and validated to successfully separate, identify, and quantitate the major polyphenolic compounds present in different varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) feedstock. The method was linear from 3.2 to 320 ppm, with an r2 of 0.99999 when using luteolinidin chloride as the external standard. Method accuracy was determined to be 99.5%, and precision of replicate preparations was less than 1% RSD. Characterization by UPLC-MS determined that the predominant polyphenolic components of the sorghum varietals were 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (3-DXAs). High-throughput screening for 3-DXA identified four unique classes within the sorghum varieties. Certain feedstock varieties have been found to have a high potential to not only be plant-based colorants, but also provide significant amounts of bioactive 3-DXAs, making them of unique interest to the dietary supplement industry.
Compressor and Turbine Models of Brayton Units for Space Nuclear Power Systems (2007)

Closed Brayton Cycles with centrifugal flow, single‐shaft turbo‐machines are being considered, with gas cooled nuclear reactors, to provide 10’s to 100’s of electrical power to support future space exploration missions and Lunar and Mars outposts. Such power system analysis is typically based on the cycle thermodynamics, for given operating pressures and temperatures and assumed polytropic efficiencies of the compressor and turbine of the Brayton energy conversion units. Thus the analysis results not suitable for modeling operation transients such as startup and changes in the electric load. To simulate these transients, accurate models of the turbine and compressor in the Brayton rotating unit, which calculate the changes in the compressor and turbine efficiencies with system operation are needed. This paper presents flow models that account for the design and dimensions of the compressor impeller and diffuser, and the turbine stator and rotor blades. These models calculate the various enthalpy losses and the polytropic efficiencies along with the pressure ratios of the turbine and compressor. The predictions of these models compare well with reported performance data of actual hardware. In addition, the results of a parametric analysis to map the operations of the compressor and turbine, as functions of the rotating shaft speed and inlet Mach number of the gas working fluid, are presented and discussed. The analysis used a binary mixture of He‐Xe with a molecular weight of 40 g/mole as the working fluid.
Mucinomics as the Next Frontier of Mass Spectrometry (2021)

Mucin-domain glycoproteins comprise a class of proteins whose densely O-glycosylated mucin domains adopt a secondary structure with unique biophysical and biochemical properties. The canonical family of mucins is well-known to be involved in various diseases, especially cancer. Despite this, very little is known about the site-specific molecular structures and biological activities of mucins, in part because they are extremely challenging to study by mass spectrometry (MS). Here, we summarize recent advancements toward this goal, with a particular focus on mucin-domain glycoproteins as opposed to general O-glycoproteins. We summarize proteolytic digestion techniques, enrichment strategies, MS fragmentation, and intact analysis, as well as new bioinformatic platforms. In particular, we highlight mucin directed technologies such as mucin-selective proteases, tunable mucin platforms, and a mucinomics strategy to enrich mucin-domain glycoproteins from complex samples. Finally, we provide examples of targeted mucin-domain glycoproteomics that combine these techniques in comprehensive site-specific analyses of proteins. Overall, this Review summarizes the methods, challenges, and new opportunities associated with studying enigmatic mucin domains.
5D whole‐heart sparse MRI (2017)

5D whole-heart sparse imaging represents a robust and promising framework for simplified comprehensive cardiac MRI without the need for breath-hold and motion correction. Magn Reson Med 79:826-838, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Anti-tumor-Promoting Activities of Agaro-Oligosaccharides on Two-Stage Mouse Skin Carcinogenesis (2012)

We have previously reported that agaro-oligosaccharides (AGOs) suppressed the elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E₂(PGE₂), and pro-inflammatory cytokines in activated monocytes/macrophages, via heme oxygenase-1 induction. In this report, we initially demonstrated that AGOs intake inhibited NO production in activated peritoneal macrophages. Then, we tested for the ability of AGOs to prevent tumor promotion on the two-stage mouse skin carcinogenesis model. As a result, AGOs feeding led to delayed tumor appearance and decreased tumor number. It is known that PGE₂ is one of key players in carcinogenesis. Thus, we confirmed that PGE₂ production was suppressed by AGOs intake in TPA-induced ear edema model. We also demonstrated that cyclooxygenase-2 and microsomal PGE synthase-1, rate-limiting enzymes in PGE₂ production, were down-regulated by AGOs in human monocytes. Consequently, AGOs are expected to prevent tumor promotion by inhibiting PGE₂ elevation in chronic inflammation site.
ChemInform Abstract: Biselyngbyaside (I), a Macrolide Glycoside from the Marine Cyanobacterium Lyngbya sp. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A New Indole Synthesis Promoted by Metal Triflates (1986)

Abstract A new synthesis of 4‐ and 7‐ carbon ‐substituted indoles is described. The overall sequence involves the addition of a nitrile oxide to 1 carboethoxy‐2‐(or 3‐) allylpyrrole, hydrogenation of the intermediate isoxazoline to β ‐hydroxy ketone and cyclization of the ketol using magnesium or zinc triflate to the substituted indole. This new indole‐forming strategy can also accommodate the introduction of oxygen functionality into the indole 6‐position. Possible mechanistic aspects of the reaction are detailed.
Core Antibiotic-Induced Transcriptional Signatures Reflect Susceptibility to All Members of an Antibiotic Class (2020)

Abstract Current growth-based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) is too slow to guide early therapy. We previously developed a diagnostic approach that quantifies antibiotic-induced transcriptional signatures to distinguish susceptible from resistant isolates, providing phenotypic AST 24-36h faster than current methods. Here, we show that 10 transcripts optimized for AST of one fluoroquinolone, aminoglycoside, or beta-lactam reflect susceptibility to other members of that class. This finding will streamline development and implementation of this strategy, facilitating efficient antibiotic deployment.