gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mercury Removal from WastewaterUsing Cysteamine FunctionalizedMembranes (2020)

This
study demonstrates a three-step process consisting of primary
pre-filtration followed by ultrafiltration (UF) and adsorption with
thiol-functionalized microfiltration membranes (thiol membranes) to
effectively remove mercury sulfide nanoparticles (HgS NPs) and dissolved
mercury (Hg2+) from wastewater. Thiol membranes were synthesized
by incorporating either cysteine (Cys) or cysteamine (CysM) precursors
onto polyacrylic acid (PAA)-functionalized polyvinylidene fluoride
membranes. Carbodiimide chemistry was used to cross-link thiol (−SH)
groups on membranes for metal adsorption. The thiol membranes and
intermediates of the synthesis were tested for permeability and long-term
mercury removal using synthetic waters and industrial wastewater spiked
with HgS NPs and a Hg2+ salt. Results show that treatment
of the spiked wastewater with a UF membrane removed HgS NPs to below
the method detection level (<2 ppb) for up to 12.5 h of operation.
Flux reductions that occurred during the experiment were reversible
by washing with water, suggesting negligible permanent fouling. Dissolved
Hg2+ species were removed to non-detection levels by passing
the UF-treated wastewater through a CysM thiol membrane. The adsorption
efficiency in this long-term study (>20 h) was approximately 97%.
Addition of Ca2+ cations reduced the adsorption efficiencies
to 82% for the CysM membrane and to 40% for the Cys membrane. The
inferior performance of Cys membranes may be explained by the presence
of a carboxyl (−COOH) functional group in Cys, which may interfere
in the adsorption process in the presence of multiple cations because
of multication absorption. CysM membranes may therefore be more effective
for treatment of wastewater than Cys membranes. Focused ion beam characterization
of a CysM membrane cross section demonstrates that the adsorption
of heavy metals is not limited to the membrane surface but takes place
across the entire pore length. Experimental results for adsorptions
of selected heavy metals on thiol membranes over a wide range of operating
conditions could be predicted with modeling. These results show promising
potential industrial applications of thiol-functionalized membranes.
An Integral Path Self-Calibration Scheme for a Dual-Loop PLL (2013)

An integral-path self-calibration scheme is introduced as part of a 20.1 GHz to 26.7 GHz low-noise PLL in 32 nm CMOS SOI. A dual-loop architecture in combination with an integral path measurement and correction scheme desensitizes the loop transfer function to the VCO's small signal gain variations. The spread of gain peaking is reduced by self-calibration from 2.4 dB to 1 dB, when measured at 70 sites on a 300 mm wafer. The PLL has a measured phase noise @10 MHz offset of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex></formula> 126.5 dBc/Hz at 20.1 GHz and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">${-}$</tex> </formula> 124.2 dBc/Hz at 24 GHz
Totalsynthese des (+)-Tolyporphin-A-O,O-diacetats mit der vorgeschlagenen Struktur (1999)

Aus vier monocyclischen Vorstufen gelang die Totalsynthese der für (+)-Tolyporphin-A-O,O-diacetat vorgeschlagenen Struktur 1-A (X = Ac). Ein Vergleich der spektroskopischen Daten ergab, daß das synthetische Tolyporphin-O,O-diacetat nicht mit dem aus natürlichem (+)-Tolyporphin A (X = H) hergestellten O,O-Diacetat übereinstimmte – eine Korrektur der Struktur dieser Naturstoffklasse war gefordert. Aus einer Reihe von NMR-Experimenten, unter anderem an synthetischen Zwischenprodukten, ließ sich als wahrscheinliche Struktur für den Naturstoff die Struktur 1-B folgern, in der die Konfigurationen der quartären Kohlenstoffzentren C7 und C17 umgekehrt wie ursprünglich angenommen sind.
A D-2-hydroxyglutarate dehydrogenase mutant reveals a critical role for ketone body metabolism in Caenorhabditis elegans development (2023)

In humans, mutations in D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2HG) dehydrogenase (D2HGDH) result in D-2HG accumulation, delayed development, seizures, and ataxia. While the mechanisms of 2HG-associated diseases have been studied extensively, the endogenous metabolism of D-2HG remains unclear in any organism. Here, we find that, in Caenorhabditis elegans, D-2HG is produced in the propionate shunt, which is transcriptionally activated when flux through the canonical, vitamin B12-dependent propionate breakdown pathway is perturbed. Loss of the D2HGDH ortholog, dhgd-1, results in embryonic lethality, mitochondrial defects, and the up-regulation of ketone body metabolism genes. Viability can be rescued by RNAi of hphd-1, which encodes the enzyme that produces D-2HG or by supplementing either vitamin B12 or the ketone bodies 3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and acetoacetate (AA). Altogether, our findings support a model in which C. elegans relies on ketone bodies for energy when vitamin B12 levels are low and in which a loss of dhgd-1 causes lethality by limiting ketone body production.
3D IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION IN COMPUTATIONAL INTEGRAL METHOD USING ROUND-SHAPED MAPPING MODEL (2007)

Recently, a computational 3D image reconstruction method using an integral imaging technique has been actively researched. This method is that 3D images can be digitally reconstructed at the required output planes by superposition of all of the inversely enlarged elemental images by using a hypothetical pinhole array model. However, the conventional method mostly yields reconstructed images having a low-resolution, because there are some intensity irregularities with a grid structure at the reconstructed image plane by using square-type elemental images. In this paper, we propose a resolution-improved computational integral imaging reconstruction (CⅡR) method using round-type mapping model. Proposed CⅡR method can overcome problems of non-uniformly reconstructed images caused from conventional method and improve the resolution of 3D images. To show the usefulness of proposed method, some experiments are carried out.
Design of a Compact System Using a MEMS Accelerometer to Measure Body Posture and Ambulation (2006)

Interest in studying human posture, movement, and physical activity is growing due in part to the increasing prevalence of obesity. Accelerometers are commonly used in motion analysis systems to enable researchers to conduct studies outside of the traditional laboratory environment; however the available systems tend to be bulky and unsuitable for long-term studies. Therefore, a need exists for a physically robust, yet compact motion analysis system that can be easily worn for an extended time period without disrupting the person's range of motion. Here we describe our on-going efforts to develop a robust, compact system that can measure body posture and movement using a tri-axial accelerometer, and then store this data on a secure digital memory card. This device can be easily configured to collect accelerometer data for specific applications in human motion analysis. In the future, this device will be used to study physical activity in free-living individuals
The devolution of synchronizers (2010)

Synchronizers play a key role in multi-clock domain systems on chip. Traditionally, improvement of synchronization parameters with scaling has been assumed. In particular, the resolution time constant (τ) has been expected to scale proportionally to the gate delay 'FO4'. Recent measurements, however, have yielded counter-examples showing a degradation of τ with scaling. In this paper we present these findings and we show circuit analysis and simulations results, demonstrating the devolution of synchronization parameters. Measurements have been made on a 65nm circuit and on series of FPGA devices. The τ measured on the 65nm circuit was about 100ps, in contrast with expectations of less than 30ps. Three similar FPGA devices, fabricated in 130, 90 and 65nm processes, yielded values of 57, 51 and 73ps, respectively, showing a significant increase in 65nm relative to older generations. The analysis is validated by simulations that predict further increase of τ for future technologies.
Time Resolved DPIV Analysis of Pulsatile Flow in Symmetric Stenotic Arteries: A Comparison Between Arterial and Coronary Flow (2007)

The presence of stenoses in the vasculature is responsible for significant alterations in the blood flow patterns. The flow within the stenosis is characterized by regions of high shear rates and flow separation, and downstream of stenosis recirculation region is formed, with low wall shear stresses (WSS) and large residence time[1,2. Flow in a symmetric stenosis is characterized by a central jet region with axisymmetrically separated flow surrounding it. A shear layer is formed between the jet and the recirculation region, which may be responsible for platelet activation [3,4] Wall shear stresses as high as 1500 to 3000 dynes/cm2 have been predicted at the throat of the stenosis in coronary flow models. A thorough characterization of these phenomenon is important because of the established relationship between the hemodynamics and vascular pathology. [3,4]
The Finite Size Effects and Two-State Paradigm of Protein Folding (2021)

The coil to globule transition of the polypeptide chain is the physical phenomenon behind the folding of globular proteins. Globular proteins with a single domain usually consist of about 30 to 100 amino acid residues, and this finite size extends the transition interval of the coil-globule phase transition. Based on the pedantic derivation of the two-state model, we introduce the number of amino acid residues of a polypeptide chain as a parameter in the expressions for two cooperativity measures and reveal their physical significance. We conclude that the k2 measure, defined as the ratio of van ’t Hoff and calorimetric enthalpy is related to the degeneracy of the denatured state and describes the number of cooperative units involved in the transition; additionally, it is found that the widely discussed k2=1 is just the necessary condition to classify the protein as the two-state folder. We also find that Ωc, a quantity not limited from above and growing with system size, is simply proportional to the square of the transition interval. This fact allows us to perform the classical size scaling analysis of the coil-globule phase transition. Moreover, these two measures are shown to describe different characteristics of protein folding.
Miniaturized diversity dipoles for a localization system (2007)

A miniaturized dipole arrangement for a compact transmitter used in a real-time localization system is described in this paper. The main focus is on the radiation properties which should be as omnidirectional or even isotropic as possible to be independent of the rotational position of the transmitter with respect to the receiver system.
Convergence behavior of two adaptive filters in tandem (2003)

The current communication networks often encounter echo-cancellers in tandem. The major component of an echo-canceller is an adaptive filter, which learns the echo-path impulse response dynamically to generate an echo estimate for cancellation. Tandeming affects the learning behavior of adaptive filters in the cancellers and may create a stability problem. At present there is little work in the literature to investigate the behavior of adaptive filters in tandem. This paper presents a theoretical study of the learning characteristics when two adaptive filters are connected together. The adaptive algorithm is assumed to be LMS. The theoretical results are corroborated with simulations.
The making of multivalent gamma delta TCR anti-CD3 bispecific T cell engagers (2023)

The γδVAR-αCD3 proteins were poorly expressed, and while the addition of stabilizing mutations based on finding for αβ single chain formats increased expression, generation of meaningful amounts of γδVAR-αCD3 protein was not possible. As an alternative strategy, we explored the natural properties of the original GAB design (γδECTO-αCD3), and observed the spontaneous formation of γδECTO-αCD3-monomers and -dimers during expression. We successfully enhanced the fraction of γδECTO-αCD3-dimers by shortening the linker length between the heavy and light chain in the anti-CD3 scFv, though this also decreased protein yield by 50%. Finally, we formally demonstrated with purified γδECTO-αCD3-dimers and -monomers, that γδECTO-αCD3-dimers are superior in function when compared to similar concentrations of monomers, and do not induce T cell activation without simultaneous tumor engagement. In conclusion, a γδECTO-αCD3-dimer based GAB design has great potential, though protein production needs to be further optimized before preclinical and clinical testing.
Coupled Embedding Networks for 7-dB Gain-per-Stage at 130–140 GHz in a 20-dBm Gallium Nitride Power Amplifier (2022)

We propose a coupled embedding network (CEN) as a portable, robust design technique to simultaneously introduce gain boosting and loadline matching in millimeter-wave power (mm-wave) amplifiers (PAs). The approach uses directional couplers as an abstraction for the embedding network and produces straightforward design equations to achieve optimal input-stability margins for any specified gain. We demonstrate the design process and implementation using a 40-nm Gallium Nitride (GaN) process technology through simulated and measured performance of the PA with and without the embedding network. The output power is greater than 20 dBm and remains above 18 dBm over an 8 GHz bandwidth. Peak power added efficiency (PAE) is 6.5%. The 3-stage PA achieves 21 dB of gain at 137 GHz offering 7.1-dB gain per device. The measured gain is 8 dB higher than the common-emitter design with the same number of stages. To our knowledge, this is the highest gain per stage for a GaN PA in D-band.
Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 decline, but do not disappear for several months (2021)

The Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development and the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases.
Comprehensive Longitudinal Microbiome Analysis of the Chicken Cecum Reveals a Shift From Competitive to Environmental Drivers and a Window of Opportunity for Campylobacter (2018)

Chickens are a key food source for humans yet their microbiome contains bacteria that can be pathogenic to humans, and indeed potentially to chickens themselves. <i>Campylobacter</i> is present within the chicken gut and is the leading cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis within humans worldwide. Infection can lead to secondary sequelae such as Guillain-Barré syndrome and stunted growth in children from low-resource areas. Despite the global health impact and economic burden of <i>Campylobacter</i>, how and when <i>Campylobacter</i> appears within chickens remains unclear. The lack of day to day microbiome data with replicates, relevant metadata, and a lack of natural infection studies have delayed our understanding of the chicken gut microbiome and <i>Campylobacter</i>. Here, we performed a comprehensive day to day microbiome analysis of the chicken cecum from day 3 to 35 (12 replicates each day; final <i>n</i> = 379). We combined metadata such as chicken weight and feed conversion rates to investigate what the driving forces are for the microbial changes within the chicken gut over time, and how this relates to <i>Campylobacter</i> appearance within a natural habitat setting. We found a rapidly increasing microbial diversity up to day 12 with variation observed both in terms of genera and abundance, before a stabilization of the microbial diversity after day 20. In particular, we identified a shift from competitive to environmental drivers of microbial community from days 12 to 20 creating a window of opportunity whereby <i>Campylobacter</i> can appear. <i>Campylobacter</i> was identified at day 16 which was 1 day after the most substantial changes in metabolic profiles observed. In addition, microbial variation over time is most likely influenced by the diet of the chickens whereby significant shifts in OTU abundances and beta dispersion of samples often corresponded with changes in feed. This study is unique in comparison to the most recent studies as neither sampling was sporadic nor <i>Campylobacter</i> was artificially introduced, thus the experiments were performed in a natural setting. We believe that our findings can be useful for future intervention strategies and help reduce the burden of <i>Campylobacter</i> within the food chain.
The activity of bacterial peptidylarginine deiminase is important during formation of dual-species biofilm by periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis and opportunistic fungus Candida albicans (2018)

Porphyromonas gingivalis, an anaerobic Gram-negative bacterium critically involved in the development of human periodontitis, belongs to the late colonizers of the oral cavity. The success of this pathogen in the host colonization and infection results from the presence of several virulence factors, including extracellular peptidylarginine deiminase (PPAD), an enzyme that converts protein arginine residues to citrullines. A common opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans, Candida albicans, is also frequently identified among microorganisms that reside at subgingival sites. The aim of the current work was to verify if protein citrullination can influence the formation of mixed biofilms by both microorganisms under hypoxic and normoxic conditions. Quantitative estimations of the bacterial adhesion to fungal cells demonstrated the importance of PPAD activity in this process, since the level of binding of P. gingivalis mutant strain deprived of PPAD was significantly lower than that observed for the wild-type strain. These results were consistent with mass spectrometric detection of the citrullination of selected surface-exposed C. albicans proteins. Furthermore, a viability of P. gingivalis cells under normoxia increased in the presence of fungal biofilm compared with the bacteria that formed single-species biofilm. These findings suggest a possible protection of these strict anaerobes under unfavorable aerobic conditions by C. albicans during mixed biofilm formation.
NOVA (2014)

Functional languages provide a solid foundation on which complex optimization passes can be designed to exploit parallelism available in the underlying system. Their mathematical foundations enable high-level optimizations that would be impossible in traditional imperative languages. This makes them uniquely suited for generation of efficient target code for parallel systems, such as multiple Central Processing Units (CPUs) or highly data-parallel Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). Such systems are becoming the mainstream for scientific and commodity desktop computing.
The Brave New World of Buckytubes (George B. Pegram Lecture Series) (2004)

Smalley discusses the basic science underlying the exotic chemical and physical properties, as well as the methods of production, purification, analysis, and assembly of buckytubes for solving real-world technological problems.
Impact of Control-Gate and Floating-Gate Design on the Electron-Injection Spread of Decananometer nand Flash Memories (2010)

This letter investigates the impact of control-gate (CG) and floating-gate (FG) doping and geometry on the electron-injection spread (EIS) of nanoscale nand Flash memories. Doping of CG polysilicon rules the reduction of the CG-to-FG capacitance when moving from the read to the program conditions, as a result of polysilicon depletion. The capacitance reduction is shown, however, to be nearly negligible for the EIS resulting from incremental step pulse programming, which, for the commonly adopted voltage steps, is mainly determined by the capacitance value in read conditions. Finally, the scaling trend of the CG-to-FG capacitance and of the EIS is addressed, discussing the evolution of the FG polysilicon in terms of geometry and dimensions.
Blade-coated sol-gel indium-gallium-zinc-oxide for inverted polymer solar cell (2016)

The inverted organic solar cell was fabricated by using sol-gel indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (IGZO) as the electron-transport layer. The IGZO precursor solution was deposited by blade coating with simultaneous substrate heating at 120 °C from the bottom and hot wind from above. Uniform IGZO film of around 30 nm was formed after annealing at 400 °C. Using the blend of low band-gap polymer poly[(4,8-bis-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-benzo(1,2-b:4,5-b’)dithiophene)-2,6-diyl-alt- (4-(2-ethylhexanoyl)-thieno [3,4-b]thiophene-)-2-6-diyl)] (PBDTTT-C-T) and [6,6]-Phenyl C71 butyric acid methyl ester ([70]PCBM) as the active layer for the inverted organic solar cell, an efficiency of 6.2% was achieved with a blade speed of 180 mm/s for the IGZO. The efficiency of the inverted organic solar cells was found to depend on the coating speed of the IGZO films, which was attributed to the change in the concentration of surface OH groups. Compared to organic solar cells of conventional structure using PBDTTT-C-T: [70]PCBM as active layer, the inverted organic solar cells showed significant improvement in thermal stability. In addition, the chemical composition, as well as the work function of the IGZO film at the surface and inside can be tuned by the blade speed, which may find applications in other areas like thin-film transistors.
Calculation of bank effects and wash waves with shipflow (2000)

Simulations with the potential flow panel method module in the ship specific CFD-program Shipflow have been performed. Simulations are made for ships in shallow water, travelling along a vertical ...
Aperture diameter dependences in GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with nano-height cylindrical waveguide formed by BCl3 dry etching (2020)

Abstract We demonstrated GaN-based vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) with 5–30 μ m wide nano-height cylindrical waveguide formed by BCl 3 etching. A 5 nm-depth etching with BCl 3 showed the most efficient current blocking at the interface of the etched p ++ -GaN and an ITO electrode among the cases with BCl 3 , Ar, or O 2 , which could be due to not only etching damages but also diffused B atoms into the etched surface. While room-temperature continuous-wave operations of the VCSELs with the large apertures were demonstrated, maximum light output power values of the large aperture VCSELs seemed limited by nonuniform current injection and device thermal resistances.
Single-mask silicon microtriode (1999)

A single-mask structure for a micrometer-sized silicon triode (microtriode) is proposed. The fabrication of the device has been optimized to produce a suspended chromium gate above a pyramidal silicon cathode. The gate approaches from the side, in the same plane as the anode. Field emission between the anode and cathode in diode-mode operation in atmosphere has been confirmed. Diode-mode operation of the device is suitable for sensor applications.