gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data compression for implantable medical devices (2008)

Implantable devices have limited memory, computational and battery power resources, while collecting, processing and transmitting out information from potentially many sensors. These limitations require that information within the devices be efficiently compressed. Such data compression presents a challenging task, as it must provide high fidelity of the waveform reproduction and high compression ratios on limited size data frames. Also, it must efficiently run on ultra low power hardware, and allow flexible configuration, based on the type of data to be compressed. The new compression algorithm was implemented as a bit accurate Matlab simulation, consisting of the following major steps: 1. Integer wavelet transform. 2. Quantization coupled with filtration. Two selectable quantization schemes could be utilized based on the signal properties: linear and dead-zone. Data filtration is performed on bit boundaries, which simplifies hardware implementation. The filtration thresholds are made different in different wavelet sub-bands, controlled by a single parameter. 3. Original adaptive data encoding. Our approach only requires basic logical operations such as bit counters and shifts, and is highly optimized for implementation in implantable device hardware. For high reliability each compressed data frame contains all information needed for decompression. The algorithm was applied to data from the PhysioNet ECG compression test database. 40 ECG frames of 1024 samples from 4 patients were sampled at 250 Hz, 12 bit resolution, and compressed with distortions below 8%. Compression ratios were 9.3plusmn2.5, consistently exceeding 85% of the theoretical limit based on bit entropy for each individual data frame. It is concluded The compression algorithm is efficient on data collected by implantable devices, and could be used in various applications in both microprocessor and ASIC implementations, helping to reduce memory requirements and the battery energy spent on the information transmission to and from the implantable device.
(E)-2-({2-[(E)-(Hydroxyimino)methyl]phenoxy}methyl)-3-p-tolylacrylonitrile (2012)

In the title compound, C(17)H(14)N(2)O(2), the hy-droxy-ethanimine group adopts an anti-periplanar conformation. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains running along the c axis.
SU‐F‐J‐180: A Reference Data Set for Testing Two Dimension Registration Algorithms (2016)

Purpose: To create and characterize a reference data set for testing image registration algorithms that transform portal image (PI) to digitally reconstructed radiograph (DRR). Methods: Anterior‐posterior (AP) and Lateral (LAT) projection and DRR image pairs from nine cases representing four different anatomical sites (head and neck, thoracic, abdominal, and pelvis) were selected for this study. Five experts will perform manual registration by placing landmarks points (LMPs) on the DRR and finding their corresponding points on the PI using computer assisted manual point selection tool (CAMPST), a custom‐made MATLAB software tool developed in house. The landmark selection process will be repeated on both the PI and the DRR in order to characterize inter‐ and ‐intra observer variations associated with the point selection process. Inter and an intra observer variation in LMPs was done using Bland‐Altman (B&amp;A) analysis and one‐way analysis of variance. We set our limit such that the absolute value of the mean difference between the readings should not exceed 3mm. Later on in this project we will test different two dimension (2D) image registration algorithms and quantify the uncertainty associated with their registration. Results: Using one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA) there was no variations within the readers. When Bland‐Altman analysis was used the variation within the readers was acceptable. The variation was higher in the PI compared to the DRR.ConclusionThe variation seen for the PI is because although the PI has a much better spatial resolution the poor resolution on the DRR makes it difficult to locate the actual corresponding anatomical feature on the PI. We hope this becomes more evident when all the readers complete the point selection. The reason for quantifying inter‐ and ‐intra observer variation tells us to what degree of accuracy a manual registration can be done. Research supported by William Beaumont Hospital Research Start Up Fund.
Densification and phase transformation of Si3N4 by high pressure hot-pressing. (1981)

Densification and phase transformation of Si3N4 were studied by high pressure hot-pressing without additives. The α to β phase transformation rate was accelerated by the application of pressure. The fracture surface showed the existence of self-bonding and formation of polyhedrons. When the α-Si3N4 powder was hot-pressed at 1600°C under 3.0GPa, a fully dense body was obtained at about 10wt% of β phase, and the maximum Vickers microhardness of 2200kg/mm2 was observed at about 40wt% of β phase transformed. There was no difference in densification behaviors in either case when α or β phase Si3N4 was used as starting materials.
TAPS Transport Discovery (2000)

The Transport Services architecture decouples applications from the
protocol implementations that transport their data. While it is often
straightforward to connect applications with transports that are
present in the host operating system, providing a means of discovering
user-installed implementations dramatically enlarges the use cases.
This document discusses considerations for the design of a discovery
mechanism and an example of such a design. Discussion of this work is
encouraged to happen on the TAPS IETF mailing list taps@ietf.org or on
the GitHub repository which contains the draft:
https://github.com/martinduke/draft-duke-taps-transport- discovery.
The operation of the semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor solar cell: Experiment (1979)

We have reported on the theory of semiconductor-insulator-semiconductor (SIS) solar cells in a previous publication. In this paper, the fabrication and properties of indium tin oxide/p-Si single-crystal solar cells will be described. The ITO is deposited by the ion-beam sputtering method. Best photovoltaic devices are obtained when the composition of indium tin oxide (ITO) is 91 mole% and 9 mole% SnO2. The device properties as a function of the ITO composition will be described. The thickness and the composition of the oxide-silicon interface is critical for device performance. The existence of a thin interfacial layer is demonstrated by Auger spectroscopy. The effect of temperature on device performance and the spectral response are compared with the theory. The SIS model accurately matches the major trends observed in experimental nITO/p-Si solar cells.
Study of chi(b) meson production in pp collisions at root s=7 and 8 TeV and observation of the decay chi(b) (3P) -> gamma(3S)gamma (2014)

A study of chi(b) meson production at LHCb is performed on proton-proton collision data, corresponding to 3.0 fb(-1) of integrated luminosity collected at centre-of-mass energies root s = 7 and 8 TeV. The fraction of gamma(nS) mesons originating from chi(b) decays is measured as a function of the gamma transverse momentum in the rapidity range 2.0 < y(gamma) < 4.5. The radiative transition of the chi(b) (3P) meson to gamma(3S) is observed for the first time. The chi(b)1 (3P) mass is determined to be m chi(b1) (3P) = 10 511.3 +/- 1.7 +/- 2.5MeV/c(2), where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic.
Synthesis and Reactivity of 4-(2-Chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole. A Novel One-pot Synthesis of N-Substituted Indole-2-thiols (2007)

4-(2-Chloro-5-nitrophenyl)-1,2,3-thiadiazole undergoes ring opening to produce a thioketene intermediate that reacts with an O- or N-nucleophile, forming an ester or an amide of the aryl-substituted thioacetic acid. Intermolecular cyclization of the thioacetic acid derivative via nucleophilic substitution of halogen in the aromatic ring gives an N-substituted indole-2-thiol (in case of an N-nucleophile) or a 2-alkoxy-substituted benzo[b]thiophene (in case of an O-nucleophile). The reaction is also applicable to the synthesis of heterocyclic analogues of N-substituted indole-2-thiols: 1-butyl-1,3-dihydropyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridine-2-thione was synthesized as an example. In the presence of potassium thioacetate (an S-nucleophile) 4-nitro-2-(1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl)benzenethiol is formed more quickly than thiadiazole ring opening occurs, making the heterocyclic ring tolerant toward the base.
Visualizing Non-lytic Exocytosis of <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> from Macrophages Using Digital Light Microscopy (2014)

Many aspects of the infection of macrophages by Cryptococcus neoformans have been extensively studied and well defined. However, one particular interaction that is not clearly understood is non-lytic exocytosis. In this process, yeast cells are released into the extracellular space by a poorly understood mechanism that leaves both the macrophage and Cn viable. Here, we describe how to follow a large number of individually infected macrophages for a 24 hr infection period by time-lapsed microscopy. Infected macrophages are housed in a heating chamber with a CO2 atmosphere attached to a microscope that provides the same conditions as a cell-culture incubator. Live digital microscopy can provide information about the dynamic interactions between a host and pathogen that is not available from static images. Being able to visualize each infected cell can provide clues as to how macrophages handle fungal infections, and vice versa. This technique is a powerful tool in studying the dynamics that are behind a complex phenomenon.
Mediator and medium (2002)

Office doors are more than entrances to rooms, they are entrances to a person's time and attention. People can mediate access to themselves by choosing whether to leave their door open or closed when they are in their office. Doors also serve as a medium for communication, where people can broadcast individual messages to passersby, or accept messages from others who stopped by when the door was closed. These qualities make the door an excellent location for designing solutions that help people better manage their time and attention. In this paper, we present a study of doors, derive design insights from the study, and then realize some of these insights in two cooperating implementations deployed in our workplace.
Specific heating power of fatty acid and phospholipid stabilized magnetic fluids in an alternating magnetic field (2008)

Magnetic fluids (MFs) with a similar narrow size distribution of the iron oxide core were stabilized with lauric acid (MF 1), oleate (MF 2) or, after dialysis in the presence of liposomes, with phospholipid molecules (MF 3 and MF 4, respectively). The hydrodynamic sizes of the MF 1 and MF 3 were half those found for MF 2 and MF 4. The MFs were exposed to inductive heating in an alternating magnetic field at a frequency of 200 kHz and a maximum magnetic field strength of 3.8 kA m(-1). Specific absorption rates (SAR) of 294 ± 42 (MF 1), 214 ± 16 (MF 2), 297 ± 13 (MF 3) and 213 ± 6 W g(-1) Fe (MF 4) were obtained. The data for MF 2 and MF 4 were identical to those found for the commercially available ferucarbotran. The biomedical relevance of the phospholipid-coated MFs is briefly discussed.
Content aware quantization: Requantization of high dynamic range baseband signals based on visual masking by noise and texture (2016)

High dynamic range imaging is currently being introduced to television, cinema and computer games. While it has been found that a fixed encoding for high dynamic range imagery needs at least 11 to 12 bits of tonal resolution, current mainstream image transmission interfaces, codecs and file formats are limited to 10 bits. To be able to use current generation imaging pipelines, this paper presents a baseband quantization scheme that exploits content characteristics to reduce the needed tonal resolution per image. The method is of low computational complexity and provides robust performance on a wide range of content types in different viewing environments and applications.
Structure of the stand-alone RAM-domain protein fromThermus thermophilusHB8 (2006)

The stand-alone RAM (regulation of amino-acid metabolism) domain protein SraA from Thermus thermophilus HB8 (TTHA0845) was crystallized in the presence of zinc ions. The X-ray crystal structure was determined using a multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion technique and was refined at 2.4 A resolution to a final R factor of 25.0%. The monomeric structure is a betaalphabetabetaalphabeta fold and it dimerizes mainly through interactions between the antiparallel beta-sheets. Furthermore, five SraA dimers form a ring with external and internal diameters of 70 and 20 A, respectively. This decameric structure is unique compared with the octameric and dodecameric structures found for other stand-alone RAM-domain proteins and the C-terminal RAM domains of Lrp/AsnC-family proteins.
Targeting Axl Kinase in Hematological Malignancies. (2009)

Abstract Abstract 2758 Poster Board II-734 Axl kinase, a member of the TAM family and also known as UFO, ARK, and Tyro7, is a receptor tyrosine kinase implicated in tumorigenesis. Overexpression of Axl is associated with increased cellular transformation, cell survival, proliferation, migration, angiogenesis, and adhesion. The oncogenic potential of Axl was first discovered in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and has been shown to play a role in the development of acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and myelodysplasia. Binding of Growth Arrest Specific Gene-6 (GAS6), a vitamin K-dependent protein and a known ligand for Axl, leads to subsequent phosphorylation events of downstream effecter molecules such as mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase and phosphatidyl-inositol (PI)-3 kinase/AKT pathways which are critical in oncogenic transformation. Furthermore, target validation studies of in vivo cancer models show that inhibition of Axl expression by RNA interference blocked tumor growth in those models. Taken together, this information makes Axl kinase an exciting target for small molecule drug discovery. Effectively utilizing SuperGen's proprietary CLIMB“technology, a series of small molecule inhibitors were rapidly discovered and developed for potency and selectivity against Axl. Lead candidate compounds demonstrate low nano-molar IC50 values in an Axl kinase biochemical assay, and focused selectivity for Axl when screened in kinase panels. Likewise, these compounds showed low and sub micro-molar activity from an anti-proliferative leukemia/lymphoma cell-based panel. Similarly, treatment of leukemia cells with these compounds in combination with known chemotherapeutic agents produced results that implicate combinatorial therapies as potentially beneficial treatments for patients suffering from hematological malignancies. In mechanistic, target validation assays, EC50 data from immunoprecipitated western blots of transiently transfected liquid tumor cells showed nano-molar inhibition of phospho-Axl when detecting with an anti-phospho-tyrosine antibody. A western blot panel of leukemia and lymphoma cell lines showed overexpression of Axl in several of these cell lines, further validating Axl as a potential therapeutic target in hematological cancers. Functional cell-based assays using SuperGen's lead compounds also potently inhibited phospho-AKT (S473). We propose that SuperGen's small molecule inhibitors against Axl kinase represent a new class of compounds with potent and selective activity in hematological malignancies. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Determination of Monetary Aggregates and Interest Rates (1992)

This paper is concerned with a perfectly competitive equilibrium model of the money market under the assumption of increasing marginal costs for both deposits and loans. This model illustrates a determination mechanism of monetary aggregates and interest rates. As this novel assumption of increasing marginal costs is not widely adopted in the literature, this paper discusses, at some length, how marginal costs can be considered to increase with the size of deposits by employing the results from the queuing theory.
New D-Flip-Flop Design in 65 nm CMOS for Improved SEU and Low Power Overhead at System Level (2013)

A new latch architecture based on a switchable hysteresis mechanism to improve the SEU hardness in hold mode and limit the delay penalty during write operation is proposed. This latch relies on the Schmitt trigger inverter schematic and has been named the Robust Schmitt Trigger (RST) latch. RST latch has been implemented in a 65 nm radiation test vehicle and upset rates have been measured during proton irradiations. Our design solution enhanced the SEU cross-section and divides by 2 the system level power consumption penalty compared to a DICE based design. The RST latch is an alternative between the DICE latch and the reference latch for soft radiative environments.
Search for the production of single vector-like and excited quarks in the Wt final state in pp collisions at s = 8 $$ \sqrt{s}=8 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2016)

A search for vector-like quarks and excited quarks in events containing a top quark and a W boson in the final state is reported here. The search is based on 20.3 fb -1 of proton-proton collision data taken at the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector. Events with one or two leptons, and one, two or three jets are selected with the additional requirement that at least one jet contains a b-quark. Single-lepton events are also required to contain at least one large-radius jet from the hadronic decay of a high-p T W boson or a top quark. No significant excess over the expected background is observed and upper limits on the cross-section times branching ratio for different vector-like quark and excited-quark model masses are derived. For the excited-quark production and decay to W t with unit couplings, quarks with masses below 1500 GeV are excluded and coupling-dependent limits are set.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polycarbonate-containing All-organic High-χ Block Copolymers for Directed Self-assembly (2015)

To extend the scaling beyond the most widely used block copolymer (BCP), poly(styrene)-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA), a new organic high-χ BCP based was developed. Polystyrene-b-polytrimethylene carbonate (PS-b-PTMC) BCP was synthesized using ring opening polymerization (ROP) of trimethylene carbonate from hydroxy-functional polystyrene (PS-OH) with diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU) as the base catalyst. The resulting BCP was characterized by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) to confirm the complete chain extension of the polystyrene macroinitiator. For the DBU catalyzed BCP, the GPC trace revealed a trimodal distribution indicating the presence of coupling product and homo-PTMC impurity. Using purification techniques, homo-PTMC impurity was isolated to afford purified BCP. Thin-film morphologies of the non-purified and the purified BCPs on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) coated substrates followed by short thermal annealing were characterized using atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The non-purified BCP showed island morphology with a step-height of 17 nm whereas the purified PS-b-PTMC showed a flat film with parallel cylinders of 16.4 nm pitch row-to-row distance. The ability for the PS-b-PTMC to self-assemble below 20-nm pitch resolution confirms the high interaction parameter, χ, between the PS and PTMC blocks and is a promising candidate as a high-χ BCP for directed self-assembly (DSA) application.
A closer look at the tropical cryptography (2020)

We examine two recently proposed public key exchange protocols that are based upon tropical matrix algebras. We observe the first protocol to exhibit a pattern. We introduce a fast attack on the first protocol that exploits this pattern to extract a private parameter of the protocol, and consequently the shared key, in seconds. We go on to show that the second protocol cannot be implemented as it is described in the proposal. The protocol is reliant on an operation being associative. We prove by counterexample that this operation is not associative.
Improving performance and lifetime of the SSD RAID-based host cache through a log-structured approach (2013)

This paper proposes a cost-effective and reliable SSD host cache solution that we call SRC (SSD RAID Cache). Cost-effectiveness is brought about by using multiple low-cost SSDs and reliability is enhanced through RAID-based data redundancy. RAID, however, is managed in a log-structured manner on multiple SSDs effectively eliminating the detrimental read-modify-write operations found in conventional RAID-5. Within the proposed framework, we also propose to eliminate parity blocks for stripes that are composed of clean blocks as the original data resides in primary storage. We also propose the use of destaging, instead of garbage collection, to make space in the cache when the SSD cache is full. We show that the proposed techniques have significant implications on the performance of the cache and lifetime of the SSDs that comprise the cache. Finally, we study various ways in which stripes can be formed based on data and parity block allocation policies. Our experimental results using different realistic I/O workloads show using the SRC scheme is on average 59% better than the conventional SSD cache scheme supporting RAID-5. In case of lifetime, our results show that SRC reduces the erase count of the SSD drives by an average of 47% compared to the RAID-5 scheme.
Supplementary Figure 1 from TGFβ Inhibition Prior to Hypofractionated Radiation Enhances Efficacy in Preclinical Models (2023)

&lt;p&gt;SM16 efficacy and radiosensitivity of CT26 and Panc02.&lt;/p&gt;
The Role of Spectrum in Encapsulated Bifacial Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cell Carrier Loss (2021)

The effect of encapsulant on solar cell performance is widely understood to decrease overall cell power output due to absorption in encapsulating layers. In this work, we quantify the effect of encapsulation across the solar spectrum for high-efficiency bifacial silicon heterojunction solar cells in Synopsys TCAD Sentaurus to determine whether encapsulation causes a significant deviation in current loss trends compared to bare cells. Bare and encapsulated cells are modelled between 300-1200 nm and for air masses (AMs) between 1 and 10.0. Comparing current densities relative to bare cells for front illumination, encapsulation results in a 4.3% increase in parasitic absorption under AM1 illumination, and a 3.9% increase at AM10 as a consequence of the red-shift under higher AM. Despite spectral effects influencing current loss, trends of efficiency with AM are the same for bare and encapsulated cells, peaking around AM5. Encapsulated efficiency is decreased by 1.40 ± 0.02 % abs. compared to bare cells between AM1-10. Thus, while carrier transport is influenced by encapsulation in a wavelength-dependent manner, the overall effect on cell efficiency is a uniform offset for all spectra considered.
128×128 pixels image sensor for on-sensor-compression (2002)

We have been investigating a novel integration of sensing and compression on an image sensor. By integration, the number of pixels in the image signal that has to be readout from the sensor can be significantly reduced, and the integration, can consequently increase the pixel rate of the sensor. We present a new compression sensor which has 128/spl times/128 pixels. We have made the prototype based on a column parallel architecture and improved the processing circuits of the new prototype to achieve lower power dissipation and higher processing speed in comparison with our previous prototypes. It is verified that the processing circuits can be operated at 5000 frames/second.