gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study About the Localization Accuracy of a Virtual Fluoroscopy System (2021)

Reducing the radiation dose is a major challenge in the field of interventional radiology since it is often performed under continuous x-ray radiography (i.e. fluoroscopy). For the particular intervention of catheterization, a real-time 2D localization of the catheter tip on the image plane is required. A novel system called virtual fluoroscopy allows the 2D catheter tip localization with a dose reduction by several orders of magnitude compared to conventional fluoroscopy. Virtual fluoroscopy consists of placing a rotating slit collimator between the source and the patient, where the slit is away from the rotation axis and the resulting rotating fan-beam intersects the catheter tip two times per collimator rotation. The two intersection instants are measured with a miniaturized x-ray probe placed at the catheter tip, allowing to deduce the corresponding collimator orientation angles and then the 2D location of the catheter tip.With the aid of a simple geometric model, we provided an exact bound for the catheter tip 2D localization error according to the collimator angular position measurement accuracy, and the slit and point radii (the distances between the rotation axis and respectively the collimator slit and the catheter tip). In addition, we simplified the latter bound and deduced that the localization accuracy follows two distinct behaviors: it is linear with the collimator angular position measurement accuracy for small point radii (lower than $\sqrt 2$ times the slit radius) and quatratic for greater point radii.We performed a numerical application of the localization error bounds following the design of an existing prototype and, using simulated randomized collimator angular position measurement errors, verified that the 2D localization errors always remained lower than the computed exact bound.
Segmental uniparental isodisomy (UPD) for 2p16 without clinical symptoms: implications for UPD and other genetic studies of chromosome 2 (2001)

Editor—Uniparental disomy (UPD) is the inheritance of both copies of a chromosome or a chromosomal region from one parent.1 2 When both chromosomes from one parent are present the phenomenon is called “heterodisomy”, whereas the presence of two copies of only one of the parental chromosomes is called “isodisomy”. A map of UPD for the human genome has been proposed and covers several areas of the 22 autosomes and the X chromosome.1 3 Not unexpectedly, growth abnormalities and other endocrine disturbances appear to be frequent in patients with UPD for whole chromosomes or even for small chromosomal regions.3 Although UPD appears to be rare among patients with various congenital defects,4 disomic human sperm nuclei are present relatively frequently and without interchromosomal differences.5 The true incidence of UPD may be significantly higher if the various molecular and cytogenetic possibilities for disomy are considered, and the genome is tested by densely located polymorphic markers.1-5 

UPD for chromosome 2 has been reported in five patients,2three cases of heterodisomy and two of isodisomy.6-10 No particular clinical phenotype was seen in one of the patients,7 but intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR), oligohydramnios, and pulmonary and genital hypoplasia were present in all of the other cases.6 8-10 Additional manifestations in the individual patients were probably the result of the cytogenetic event that preceded UPD; two of the patients had confined placental mosaicism for trisomy 29 10 and another had trisomy 2 mosaicism in amniotic fluid culture.6 

In the context of genetic studies for the mapping of Carney complex (CNC), a normal subject was found to have only maternal alleles of two polymorphic markers mapping to the short arm of chromosome 2. The absence of a microdeletion or other chromosomal anomalies (by classic …
LPTO-06. A NOVEL BRAIN-PERMEANT CHEMOTHERAPEUTIC AGENT FOR THE TREATMENT OF BREAST CANCER LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASIS (2019)

Abstract Leptomeningeal metastasis (LM), a spread of cancer to the cerebrospinal fluid and meninges, is universally and rapidly fatal due to poor detection and no effective treatment. Breast cancers account for a majority of LMs from solid tumors, with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) having the highest propensity to metastasize to LM. The treatment of LM is challenged by poor drug penetration into CNS and high neurotoxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new modalities and targeted therapies able to overcome the limitations of current treatment options. Quadriga has discovered a novel, brain-permeant chemotherapeutic agent that is currently in development as a potential treatment for glioblastoma (GBM). The compound is active in suppressing the growth of GBM tumor cell lines implanted into the brain. Radiolabel distribution studies have shown significant tumor accumulation in intracranial brain tumors while sparing the adjacent normal brain tissue. Recently, we have demonstrated dose-dependent in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity with various breast cancer cell lines including the human TNBC cell line MDA-MB-231. To evaluate the in vivo antitumor activity of the compound on LM, we used the mouse model of LM based on the internal carotid injection of luciferase-expressing MDA-MB-231-BR3 cells. Once the bioluminescence signal intensity from the metastatic spread reached (0.2 - 0.5) x 106 photons/sec, mice were dosed i.p. twice a week with either 4 or 8 mg/kg for nine weeks. Tumor growth was monitored by bioluminescence. The compound was well tolerated and caused a significant delay in metastatic growth resulting in significant extension of survival. Tumors regressed completely in ~ 28 % of treated animals. Given that current treatments for LM are palliative with only few studies reporting a survival benefit, Quadriga’s new agent could be effective as a therapeutic for both primary and metastatic brain tumors such as LM. REF: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pro6.43
The Synthesis of Iron Oxides with Different Phases or Exposure Crystal Planes and their Catalytic Property for Propene Oxidation (2012)

Maghemite (γ-Fe Subscript text 2O Subscript text 3) and hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanoparticles with various dominant exposure crystal planes were prepared by several different methods. The structure and the reducibility of these materials were investigated by XRD, Raman and H2-TPR technologies, and their catalytic performance for propene oxidation was also discussed. The maghemite (γ-Fe Subscript text 2O Subscript text 3) showed a better reducibility than hematite (α-Fe Subscript text 2O Subscript text 3), but its activity for propene oxidation is relatively lower. The exposure crystal plane of hematite has a significant influence on its catalytic activity for propene oxidation. Among the prepared four samples, the hematite-1 sample showed the best activity. The selective growth of any planes with a relative low density of Fe atoms for the α-Fe Subscript text 2O Subscript text 3 catalyst would lead to an obvious decrease in the catalytic activity.
Partially Re-Usable Garbled Circuits for Iris Recognition (2016)

In iris-based video authentication, the best frames from the video are selected in order to compare them to a reference data. As biometric data are sensitive, a non-secure matching score evaluation can leak private information. We here focus on Garbled circuits which are widely employed to securely compare biometric data. Our main idea consists in introducing a new efficient partially re-usable garbled circuit. To do that, we take advantage of the similarities between templates from the same video in order to reduce the cost of several secure matching evaluations on close inputs. We validate our proposal through experiments showing that it is practical.
Membranous nephropathy with acquired factor V inhibitor: a case report (2013)

The presence of factor V inhibitors may have been involved in the development of membranous nephropathy.
Time orientation and human performance (2004)

Time orientation, which categorizes behaviors as monochronic or polychronic, is potentially an important consideration as it can influence the manner in which an operator interacts with complex systems. Differences among cultures have already been shown using measurement scales such as the Modified Polychronic Attitude Index 3 (MPAI3) and the Inventory of Polychronic Values (IPV). This paper is an attempt to show further differences between the two groups and present a hypothetical model for the potential causes of these differences using performance resource functions.
Insect Residue Contamination on Wing Leading Edge Surfaces: A Materials Investigation for Mitigation (2011)

Amperometric biosensors for glucose and hydrogen peroxide have been built by immobilizing glucose oxidase (GOX) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in cross-linked films of ferrocene-modified linear poly(ethylenimine). At pH 7, the glucose sensors generated limiting catalytic current densities of 1.2 mA/cm2. These current densities are approximately 4 times higher than those with other ferrocene-based redox polymers and are comparable to the highest reported values for osmium-based redox polymers with GOX. Because of the high sensitivity of these films (73 nA/cm2.microM), glucose concentrations in the micromolar range could be detected. Similarly, sensors were constructed with HRP-generated current densities of 0.9 mA/cm2 under saturation conditions and sensitivities of 500 nA/cm2.microM. The results show that the ability of Fc-LPEI to effectively communicate with a variety of enzymes has potential applications in measuring low substrate concentrations in implantable biosensors and producing high current outputs in enzymatic biofuel cells.
Acute Kidney Injury Network: report of an initiative to improve outcomes in acute kidney injury (2007)

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex disorder for which currently there is no accepted definition. Having a uniform standard for diagnosing and classifying AKI would enhance our ability to manage these patients. Future clinical and translational research in AKI will require collaborative networks of investigators drawn from various disciplines, dissemination of information via multidisciplinary joint conferences and publications, and improved translation of knowledge from pre-clinical research. We describe an initiative to develop uniform standards for defining and classifying AKI and to establish a forum for multidisciplinary interaction to improve care for patients with or at risk for AKI. Members representing key societies in critical care and nephrology along with additional experts in adult and pediatric AKI participated in a two day conference in Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in September 2005 and were assigned to one of three workgroups. Each group's discussions formed the basis for draft recommendations that were later refined and improved during discussion with the larger group. Dissenting opinions were also noted. The final draft recommendations were circulated to all participants and subsequently agreed upon as the consensus recommendations for this report. Participating societies endorsed the recommendations and agreed to help disseminate the results. The term AKI is proposed to represent the entire spectrum of acute renal failure. Diagnostic criteria for AKI are proposed based on acute alterations in serum creatinine or urine output. A staging system for AKI which reflects quantitative changes in serum creatinine and urine output has been developed. We describe the formation of a multidisciplinary collaborative network focused on AKI. We have proposed uniform standards for diagnosing and classifying AKI which will need to be validated in future studies. The Acute Kidney Injury Network offers a mechanism for proceeding with efforts to improve patient outcomes.
The gas-phase Raman spectra of P4, P2, As4, and As2. The resonance fluorescence spectrum of80Se2. Resonance fluorescence–Raman effects in the gas-phase spectra of sulphur and I2. The effect of pressure on the depolarization ratios for I2 (1970)

The gas-phase Raman spectra of P4,As4,P2,and As2 are recorded and compared with literature values on P2 and As2 derived from electronic spectroscopy. The resonance fluorescence spectrum of 80Se2 is recorded over a restricted wavenumber range by use of argon-ion laser excitation. Resonance fluorescence–Raman effects are studied for both gaseous I2 and sulphur vapour. In the case of I2 the effect of high pressures of argon (up to 27·5 atm.) on the depolarization ratio is studied. For sulphur the gas-phase Raman spectra of S6 and S8 are obtained, together with a polarized band at 232 cm.–1 which is probably due to S7.
P13-03. Neutralizing antibody to HIV-1 Env from hyperimmune bovine colostrum as a mucosal microbicide strategy for preventing virus transmission (2009)

Background Newborn mammals derive passive mucosal and systemic immunity against pathogens from the mothers' first milk (colostrum). Bovine colostrum contains antiviral proteins, such as lactoferrin and high levels of maternal IgG, IgM and IgA that are actively concentrated from serum before birth. Immunising cows with HIV-1 Env gp140 oligomers during pregnancy offers a strategy for preparing highly concentrated antibodies (Abs) with HIV-1 neutralizing activity. In this study we develop HIV immune bovine colostrum derived polyclonal antibodies. We examine whether these might match the protective properties of neutralizing monoclonal-Abs.
Differential changes in lipid metabolism ofmyeloid and lymphoid cell lines induced by treatment with 12‐O‐tetradecanoylphorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) (1990)

Treatment of the myeloid cell lines, U-937 or HL-60, with 10 nM of the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), for 24 h increased the rate of incorporation of [3H]glycerol into total chloroform extracts. A proportionally greater labeling of the non-polar lipid (NL) fraction compared to the polar, phospholipid (PL), fraction was observed. Chromatographic analysis showed a 6-fold increase in the labeling of triacylglycerols (TAG), a 2-fold increase in diacylglycerols, and no changes in monoacylglycerols. PL labeling showed a 3-fold increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC). The effect of TPA on TAG labeling was selectively observed in myeloid cell lines. No such a change was found in the lymphoid cell line. MOLT-3, which did respond to TPA with increased PC labeling. Incorporation of [3H]arachidonic acid (AA) into TAG by U-937 cells was selectively increased (2.5-fold) after treatment with TPA for 24 h. Treatment of U-937 cells with TPA in serum-free medium resulted in no increased labeling of TAG. These studies suggest that changes in TAG metabolism may be characteristic of myeloid differentiation and depend on the presence of serum factor(s).
Spatial Random Trees and the Center-Surround Algorithm (2003)

A new class of multiscale stochastic processes called spatial random trees (SRTs) is introduced and studied. As with previous multiscale stochastic processes, SRTs model multidimensional signals using random processes on trees. Our key innovation, however, is that the tree structure itself is random and is generated by a probabilistic context-free grammar (PCFG) [26]. While PCFGs have been used to model 1-D signals, the generalization to multiple dimensions is not direct because the leaves of a tree generated by a PCFG cannot be naturally mapped to a multidimensional lattice. We solve this problem by defining a new class of PCFGs which can produce trees whose leaves are naturally arranged in a multidimensional lattice. We call such trees admissible and show that each of them generates a unique multidimensional signal. Based on this framework, procedures are developed for likelihood calculation, MAP estimation of the processes, and parameter estimation. The new framework is illustrated through simple detection problems.
Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase interactions with formate and methylammonium ion (1983)

Using nuclear magnetic resonance techniques, we have measured the internuclear distances separating the nucleotide-bound metal from the carbon and hydrogen nuclei of formate as well as the carbon of methylammonium cation when bound to formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase. Measurements were made of the paramagnetic effect on the spin-lattice relaxation rates (1/T1) of 13C and 1H nuclei arising from the replacement of Mg2+ with Mn2+, which binds to the enzyme in the form of a metal-nucleotide complex. Distances from Mn2+ to the formate carbon and proton were found to be 6.3 and 7.4 A, respectively, in the E . ATP . Mn2+ . formate complex and 6.0 and 7.1 A, respectively, in the E . ADP . Mn2+ . formate complex. When tetrahydrofolate was added to the latter complex, the exchange of formate was greatly reduced and became rate limiting for relaxation. These results are consistent with substantial conformational effects produced by the binding of the cofactor. The distance from Mn2+ to the methylammonium carbon in the E . ADP . Mn2+ . CH3NH+3, E . ADP . Mn2+ . formate . CH3NH3+, and E . ADP . Mn2+ . tetrahydrofolate . CH3NH3+ complexes was estimated to be in the range of 7.4-12 A. However, in the E . ADP . Mn2+ formate . tetrahydrofolate . CH3NH3+ complex, the data suggest that exchange of cation contributes significantly to relaxation. These results, combined with other known features of the enzyme, suggest that there may be a monovalent cation site within the active site of the enzyme.
Glucagon-receptor signaling regulates weight loss via central KLB receptor complexes (2021)

Glucagon regulates glucose and lipid metabolism and promotes weight loss. Thus, therapeutics stimulating glucagon receptor (GCGR) signaling are promising for obesity treatment; however, the underlying mechanism(s) have yet to be fully elucidated. We previously identified that hepatic GCGR signaling increases circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21), a potent regulator of energy balance. We reported that mice deficient for liver Fgf21 are partially resistant to GCGR-mediated weight loss, implicating FGF21 as a regulator of glucagon's weight loss effects. FGF21 signaling requires an obligate coreceptor (β-Klotho, KLB), with expression limited to adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, and brain. We hypothesized that the GCGR-FGF21 system mediates weight loss through a central mechanism. Mice deficient for neuronal Klb exhibited a partial reduction in body weight with chronic GCGR agonism (via IUB288) compared with controls, supporting a role for central FGF21 signaling in GCGR-mediated weight loss. Substantiating these results, mice with central KLB inhibition via a pharmacological KLB antagonist, 1153, also displayed partial weight loss. Central KLB, however, is dispensable for GCGR-mediated improvements in plasma cholesterol and liver triglycerides. Together, these data suggest GCGR agonism mediates part of its weight loss properties through central KLB and has implications for future treatments of obesity and metabolic syndrome.
Studies of dielectric breakdown under pulsed power conditions (2004)

Summary form only given. In an effort to develop transmission lines with higher energy storage capabilities for compact pulsed power applications we have been developing and studying ceramic dielectrics and their electrical breakdown strength (BDS). Results of research to-date show that dense titania ceramics with nanocrystalline grain size (/spl sim/200 nm) exhibit significantly higher BDS as compared to ceramics made using coarse grain materials when tested under DC conditions. We have performed pulsed testing under similar electric field stresses and found comparable behavior. However, we also found that these ceramics tend to breakdown at lower electric fields under pulsed conditions compared to DC conditions (approximately 25% lower). This is opposite from the behavior of liquid dielectrics, but has also been shown in our studies to be the case with ordinary dielectrics such as Mylar. This presentation will describe our test results, review the statistics that are used to analyze the data, and relate our understanding to what has been accumulated in the literature to-date in the context of dielectric breakdown. Our progress in developing a pulser to test large ceramics under higher energy conditions will also be discussed.
Silicon Orientation Effects in the Atomic Layer Deposition of Hafnium Oxide (2007)

The continuous downscaling of complementary metal oxide semiconductor devices demands the introduction of dielectric layers with a high permittivity κ. Three-dimensional (3D) transistor structures, such as FinFET devices, require excellent step coverage by the high-κ material as provided by atomic layer deposition (ALD). In addition, because of the 3D structure, surfaces with different crystallographic orientation need to be covered. Because the initial deposition using ALD is governed by the OH surface density, we investigated its dependence on the crystallographic orientation of the silicon substrate. For oxidations in , a (110) orientated substrate oxidizes faster than silicon (100) up to a thickness of as measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Also, irrespective of the substrate orientation, the deposition is found to increase with increasing thickness and thus OH coverage of the surface. This implies that, for oxide thicknesses below, the oxidation of silicon (100) results in a thinner oxide and, hence, less deposition in comparison to silicon (110). However, these differences are marginal after implementation in transistor devices as is shown by their capacitance and mobility. As a result, for FinFET applications, a conformally deposited layer will be independent of the crystallographic substrate orientation.
Use of LD-pumped erbium-doped fiber preamplifiers with optimal noise filtering in a FDMA-FSK 1 Gb/s star network (1990)

An erbium-doped fiber amplifier was implemented in a closely spaced FDMA-FSK (frequency-division-multiple-access-frequency-shift-keyed) optical star network with a signaling rate of 1 Gb/s per channel. The fiber preamplifier, which is laser-diode pumped, increases the sensitivity of the direct-detection avalanche photodiode (APD) receiver by 14 dB, allowing for an increased number of network users. This enhanced sensitivity nearly corresponds to all of the available gain of the amplifier. Furthermore, the amplifier noise is optimally filtered by means of a wide band interference filter cascaded with a narrow band fiber Fabry-Perot filter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Automated matching experiments with different kinds of SAR imagery (2002)

The authors carry out tests with two readily available automated matching algorithms in their application to (a) Magellan SAR stereo images, and (b) ERS-1 and X-SAR real-simulated images. The match points are examined visually, and an accuracy analysis on Magellan data is performed by comparison with manual measurements.
Unusual phenotypes of human inducer T cells as measured by OKT4 and related monoclonal antibodies. (1981)

OKT4, a murine monoclonal antibody, was previously shown to react with inducer/helper T cells in man. We now report the absence of this reactivity in 2 subjects of African ancestry and the production of 4 new monoclonal antibodies (OKT4A-D) that detect distinct antigens on human inducer/helper T cells.
Supplementary Figure 1 and 2 from A Pilot Trial Using Lymphocytes Genetically Engineered with an NY-ESO-1–Reactive T-cell Receptor: Long-term Follow-up and Correlates with Response (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure 1 and 2. Supplementary Figure 1. Evaluation of persistence and function of TCR-transduced T cells following adoptive transfer in responding and non-responding patients. Supplementary Figure 2. Evaluation of function of TCR-transduced T cells in vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.&lt;/p&gt;