gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygenated Functional Group Density on Graphene Oxide: Its Effect on Cell Toxicity (2013)

The association of cellular toxicity with the physiochemical properties of graphene‐based materials is largely unexplored. A fundamental understanding of this relationship is essential to engineer graphene‐based nanomaterials for biomedical applications. Here, an in vitro toxicological assessment of graphene oxide (GO) and reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and in correlation with their physiochemical properties is reported. GO is found to be more toxic than RGO of same size. GO and RGO induce significant increases in both intercellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO1) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR). Moreover, a significant amount of DNA damage is observed in GO treated cells, but not in RGO treated cells. Such observations support the hypothesis that oxidative stress mediates the cellular toxicity of GO. Interestingly, oxidative stress induced cytotoxicity reduces with a decreasing extent of oxygen functional group density on the RGO surface. It is concluded that although size of the GO sheet plays a role, the functional group density on the GO sheet is one of the key components in mediating cellular cytotoxicity. By controlling the GO reduction and maintaining the solubility, it is possible to minimize the toxicity of GO and unravel its wide range of biomedical applications.
Anti-inflammatory compounds improve spiral ganglion neuron survival after aminoglycoside-induced hair cell loss in rats (2021)

A bstract Spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) relay auditory information from cochlear hair cells to the central nervous system. After hair cells are destroyed by aminoglycoside antibiotics, SGNs gradually die. However, the reasons for this cochlear neurodegeneration are unclear. We used microarray gene expression profiling to assess transcriptomic changes in the spiral ganglia of kanamycin-deafened and age-matched control rats and found that many of the genes upregulated after deafening are associated with immune/inflammatory responses. In support of this, we observed increased numbers of macrophages in the spiral ganglion of deafened rats. We also found, via CD68 immunoreactivity, an increase in activated macrophages after deafening. An increase in CD68-associated nuclei was observed by postnatal day 23, a time before significant SGN degeneration is observed. Finally, we show that the immunosuppressive drugs dexamethasone and ibuprofen, as well as the NAD salvage pathway activator P7C3, provide at least some neuroprotection post-deafening. Ibuprofen and dexamethasone also decreased the degree of macrophage activation. These results suggest that activated macrophages specifically, and perhaps a more general neuroinflammatory response, are actively contributing to SGN degeneration after hair cell loss.
Learning to Optimize: Balancing Two Conflict Metrics in MB-HTS Networks (2022)

For multi-beam high throughput (MB-HTS) geostationary (GEO) satellite networks, the congestion appears when user’s demands cannot be fully satisfied. This paper boosts the system performance by formulating and solving the power allocation strategies under the congestion control to admit users. A new multi-objective optimization is formulated to balance the sum data throughput and the satisfied user set. After that, we come up with two different solutions, which efficiently tackle the multi-objective maximization problem: The model-based solution utilizes the weighted sum method to enhance the number of demand-satisfied users, whilst the supervised learning solution offers a low-computational complexity design by inheriting optimization structures as continuous mappings. Simulation results verify that our solutions effectively copes with the congestion and outperforms the data throughput demand than the other previous works.
Design Methodology of Gerotor Hydraulic Machines for Mechatronic Applications (2021)

Abstract In mechatronic applications such as electro-hydrostatic actuators, gerotor machines are often preferred over other technologies due to their high efficiency, low wear, low noise, and compactness. The design approach for hydraulic machines, either for motoring or pumping applications, involves the definition of different geometrical parameters, which affect their performance. Thus, the designer is often left without a clear design method to adopt. In this perspective, the presented research aims at providing a general design methodology of gerotor machines for their integration into high-efficiency mechatronic devices. In particular, the study focuses on the analytical and numerical characterization of the optimal tooth aspect ratio and maximum eccentricity between gears. Indeed, these two features are often left to the experience of the designer or are selected with empirical formulations. Our method is validated by means of numerical data from computational fluid-dynamic models to assess the performance of the hydraulic units.
Comparative Analysis of Polymorphic Ventiricular Tachyarrhythmias and Fibrillation: Clinical Observations andl Numerical Experiments (1998)

Spiral waves are known to cause dangerous ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). In vitro experiments and numerical simulations demonstrate that nonstationary spiral waves that drift or meander along the surface of cardiac tissue, result in the temporal fibrillatory-like irregularities in recorded myocardial electrograms (ECG). However, the correlation between VF-VT reentrant mechanisms remains unclear. Here we use a comparison of the results of computational modeling with data acquired in the clinical electrophysiology laboratory to demonstrate how the fibrillation patterns in human hearts depart from VT reentrant properties approaching to more complex spatio-temporal irregularities.
Exploring relationships between mimic configuration, peptide conformation and biological activity in indolizidin‐2‐one amino acid analogs of gramicidin S* (2002)

Indolizidin-2-one amino acids (I2aas, 6S- and 6R-1) possessing 6S- and 6R-ring-fusion stereochemistry were introduced into the antimicrobial peptide gramicidin S (GS) to explore the relationships between configuration, peptide conformation and biological activity. Solution-phase and solid-phase techniques were used to synthesize three analogs with I2aa residues in place of the d-Phe-Pro residues at the turn regions of GS: [(6S)-I2aa4-5,4'-5']GS (2), [Lys2,2',(6S)-I2aa4-5,4'-5']GS (3) and [(6R)-I2aa4-5,4'-5']GS (4). Although conformational analysis of [I2aa4-5,4'-5']GS analogs 2-4 indicated that both ring-fusion stereoisomers of I2aa gave peptides with CD and NMR spectral data characteristic of GS, the (6S)-I2aa analogs 2 and 3 exhibited more intense CD curve shapes, as well as greater numbers of nonsequential NOE between opposing Val and Leu residues, relative to the (6R)-I2aa analog 4, suggesting a greater propensity for the (6S)-diastereomer to adopt the beta-turn/antiparallel beta-pleated sheet conformation. In measurements of antibacterial and antifungal activity, the (6S)-I2aa analog 2 exhibited significantly better potency than the (6R)-I2aa diastereomer 4. Relative to GS, [(6S)-I2aa4-5,4'-5']GS (2) exhibited usually 1/2 to 1/4 antimicrobial activity as well as 1/4 hemolytic activity. In certain cases, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of GS were shown to be dissociated through modification at the peptide turn regions with the (6S)-I2aa diastereomer. The synthesis and evaluation of GS analogs 2-4 has furnished new insight into the importance of ring-fusion stereochemistry for turn mimicry by indolizidin-2-one amino acids as well as novel antimicrobial peptides.
Growth and Development in a Heliox Incubator Environment: A Long-Term Safety Study (2006)

No observed long-term differences in growth or development. RESULTS demonstrated that long-term heliox exposure is safe in this rabbit model. These data suggest that heliox administration may provide time for pulmonary improvement in the BPD population, warranting appropriate clinical trials.
Predicting Current User Intent with Contextual Markov Models (2013)

In many web information systems like e-shops and information portals predictive modeling is used to understand user intentions based on their browsing behavior. User behavior is inherently sensitive to various contexts. Identifying such relevant contexts can help to improve the prediction performance. In this work, we propose a formal approach in which the context discovery process is defined as an optimization problem. For simplicity we assume a concrete yet generic scenario in which context is considered to be a secondary label of an instance that is either known from the available contextual attribute (e.g. user location) or can be induced from the training data (e.g. novice vs. expert user). In an ideal case, the objective function of the optimization problem has an analytical form enabling us to design a context discovery algorithm solving the optimization problem directly. An example with Markov models, a typical approach for modeling user browsing behavior, shows that the derived analytical form of the optimization problem provides us with useful mathematical insights of the problem. Experiments with a real-world use-case show that we can discover useful contexts allowing us to significantly improve the prediction of user intentions with contextual Markov models.
CT-PRO-ENDOTHELIN-1 AS A PROGNOSTIC MARKER IN CRITICALLY ILL PATIENTS. (2006)

Wexberg, Paul; Meyer, Brigitte; Berger, Rudolf; Moertl, Deddo; Heinz, Gottfried; Pacher, Richard; Huelsmann, Martin; Morgenthaler, Nils; Struck, Joachim; Bergmann, Andreas Author Information
Enzymatic Synthesis of Oligosaccharide Analogues:  Evaluation of UDP-Gal Analogues as Donors for Three Retaining α-Galactosyltransferases (2000)

A series of deoxygenated uridine 5‘-diphosphogalactose (UDP-Gal) derivatives are evaluated as donors for three different retaining galactosyltransferases using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The enzymes investigated were calf thymus α(1→3) galactosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1.151), blood group B α(1→3) galactosyltransferase (E.C. 2.4.1.37) and Neisseria meningitidis α(1→4) galactosyltransferase. UDP-2-deoxy-Gal and UDP-6-deoxy-Gal were found to be active as donors for all three enzymes. Preparative syntheses utilizing these UDP-Gal derivatives were performed on mg scales, affording deoxygenated trisaccharide analogues in 5−100% yields.
Loss of melanoregulin (MREG) enhances cathepsin-D secretion by the retinal pigment epithelium (2013)

Cathepsin-D (Cat-D) is a major proteolytic enzyme in phagocytic cells. In the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), it is responsible for the daily degradation of photoreceptor outer segments (POSs) to maintain retinal homeostasis. Melanoregulin (MREG)-mediated loss of phagocytic capacity has been linked to diminished intracellular Cat-D activity. Here, we demonstrate that loss of MREG enhances the secretion of intermediate Cat-D (48 kDa), resulting in a net enhancement of extracellular Cat-D activity. These results suggest that MREG is required to maintain Cat-D homeostasis in the RPE and likely plays a protective role in retinal health. In this regard, in the Mreg dsu/dsu mouse, we observe increased basal laminin. Loss of the Mreg dsu allele is not lethal and therefore leads to slow age-dependent changes in the RPE. Thus, we propose that this model will allow us to study potential dysregulatory functions of Cat-D in retinal disease.
Blood for Oil (2005)

In this article, authors Boal, Clark, Matthews and Watts advance a supposedly new explanation for the wars in the Middle East.

Much of their explanation – including both theory and fact – is plagiarized. It is cut and pasted, almost ‘as is,’ from Nitzan and Bichler’s work. The primary source is ‘The Weapondollar-Petrodollar Coalition,’ a 71 page chapter in THE GLOBAL POLITICAL ECONOMY OF ISRAEL (Pluto 2002). The authors also seem inspired, incognito, by Nitzan and Bichler’s more recent papers, including ‘It’s All About Oil’ (2003), ‘Clash of Civilization or Capital Accumulation?’ (2004), ‘Beyond Neoliberalism’ (2004) and ‘Dominant Capital and the New Wars’ (2004).

For a detailed analysis of this plagiarism and the larger reasons behind it, see Nitzan and Bichler (2005) “The Scientist and the Church” (for a direct link, click on the Commentary/Response Thread at the bottom of this page).
Approximate reachability with combined symbolic and ternary simulation (2011)

Logic synthesis and formal verification both rely on scalable reachable state characterization for numerous purposes. One popular technique is over-approximate reachability analysis using an iterative ternary simulation. This method trades precision of reachability characterization for a high degree of computational efficiency. Although effective on many industrial designs, it breaks down when the design has registers that have complex initial states or has extremely deep deterministic subcircuits. In this paper, we improve upon the precision of ternary simulation-based approximate reachability while retaining its scalability by representing certain variables as symbols vs. unknowns, and by selectively saturating subcircuits which would otherwise preclude convergence. These techniques are particularly beneficial for enhancing the scalability of industrial sequential equivalence checking problems, occasionally solving such problems outright with no need for more costly and precise analysis.
<title>Real-time ATR for unattended visual sensor wireless networks</title> (2001)

ABSTRACT A new approach to Automatic Target Recognition (ATh) and unmanned navigation based on sensor fusion, theoryofcatastrophes, and real-time processing is described.Keywords: ATh, Visual, UGS, Digital Video, Sensor Fusion, UGV, Network-Centric, Wireless 1. INTRODUCTION Traditionally, automatic target recognition (ATh) has been based on simple template matching, Fourier processing, and Fourier matching, mostly in the context of correlation techniques such as Vanderlugt filtering, joint Fourier transform and others. In general, those techniques work very well where the type of an object, illumination, scale, and/or side views are well defined a priori. While such simplification is reasonable in a space or aerospace environment (when only a few objects are in a scene), it is unrealistic on ground terrain, where both significant andirrelevant objects  such as trees, stones, buildings, people, tanks, cars, animals  may abound. Some are of importance for DoD and some not, but they can all be densely mixed in a highly dynamic environment. Our goal isto invent a kind of ATR that works entirely without predefined conditions, based on a scalable 3-D model network-centric representation. In contrast to Fourier processing, this new ATR should be invariant to out-of-plane object
Kinetic versus thermodynamic control in chlorination of imidazolidin-4-one derivatives (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic versus thermodynamic control in chlorination of imidazolidin-4-one derivativesIsmat Naquib, Te Chen Tsao, Partha K. Sarathy, and S. Davis WorleyCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1991, 30, 7, 1669–1671Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1991https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00055a041Request reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (354 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Three dimensional ink-jet printing of biomaterials using ionic liquids and co-solvents (2016)

1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2C1Im][OAc]) and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C4C1Im][OAc]) have been used as solvents for the dissolution and ink-jet printing of cellulose from 1.0 to 4.8 wt%, mixed with the co-solvents 1-butanol and DMSO. 1-Butanol and DMSO were used as rheological modifiers to ensure consistent printing, with DMSO in the range of 41-47 wt% producing samples within the printable range of a DIMATIX print-head used (printability parameter < 10) at 55 °C, whilst maintaining cellulose solubility. Regeneration of cellulose from printed samples using water was demonstrated, with the resulting structural changes to the cellulose sample assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and white light interferometry (WLI). These results indicate the potential of biorenewable materials to be used in the 3D additive manufacture process to generate single-component and composite materials.
Molecular Engineering of Blue Fluorescent Molecules Based on Silicon End‐Capped Diphenylaminofluorene Derivatives for Efficient Organic Light‐Emitting Materials (2010)

Abstract Blue fluorescent materials based on silicone end‐capped 2‐diphenylaminofluorene derivatives are synthesized and characterized. These materials are doped into a 2‐methyl‐9,10‐ di ‐[2‐naphthyl]anthracene host as blue dopant materials in the emitting layer of organic light‐emitting diode devices bearing a structure of ITO/DNTPD (60 nm)/NPB (30 nm)/emitting layer (30 nm)/Alq 3 (20 nm)/LiF (1.0 nm)/Al (200 nm). All devices exhibit highly efficient blue electroluminescence with high external quantum efficiencies (3.47%–7.34% at 20 mA cm −2 ). The best luminous efficiency of 11.2 cd A −1 and highest quantum efficiency of 7.34% at 20 mA cm −2 are obtained in a device with CIE coordinates (0.15, 0.25). A deep‐blue OLED with CIE coordinates (0.15, 0.14) exhibits a luminous efficiency of 3.70 cd A −1 and quantum efficiency of 3.47% at 20 mA cm −2 .
Lack of Cost Savings for Lumbar Spine Fusions After Bundled Payments for Care Improvement Initiative (2018)

3.
RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM TEARS AFTER INTRAVITREAL INJECTION OF BEVACIZUMAB (AVASTIN) FOR NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2007)

RPE tears can occur after intravitreal injection of bevacizumab. The low incidence of this adverse event should not preclude anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy counseling for patients with neovascular AMD, but eyes with serous RPE detachments appear to be most vulnerable to this adverse event.
Asynchronous Convolutional-Coded Physical-Layer Network Coding (2013)

This paper investigates the decoding process of asynchronous convolutional-coded physical-layer network coding (PNC) systems. Specifically, we put forth a layered decoding framework for convolutional-coded PNC consisting of three layers: symbol realignment layer, codeword realignment layer, and joint channel-decoding network coding (Jt-CNC) decoding layer. Our framework can deal with phase asynchrony and symbol arrival-time asynchrony between the signals simultaneously transmitted by multiple sources. A salient feature of this framework is that it can handle both fractional and integral symbol offsets; previously proposed PNC decoding algorithms (e.g., XOR-CD and reduced-state Viterbi algorithms) can only deal with fractional symbol offset. Moreover, the Jt-CNC algorithm, based on belief propagation (BP), is BER-optimal for synchronous PNC and near optimal for asynchronous PNC. Extending beyond convolutional codes, we further generalize the Jt-CNC decoding algorithm for all cyclic codes. Our simulation shows that Jt-CNC outperforms the previously proposed XOR-CD algorithm and reduced-state Viterbi algorithm by 2dB for synchronous PNC. For phase-asynchronous PNC, Jt-CNC is 4dB better than the other two algorithms. Importantly, for real wireless environment testing, we have also implemented our decoding algorithm in a PNC system built on the USRP software radio platform. Our experiment shows that the proposed Jt-CNC decoder works well in practice.
Somatic MEN1 gene mutation does not contribute significantly to sporadic pituitary tumorigenesis (1999)

Pituitary adenomas are a common manifestation of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) but most of them occur sporadically. There are only a few well defined genetic abnormalities known to occur in these sporadic tumours. The MEN1 gene located on 11q13 has recently been cloned and allelic deletion and mutation analysis studies have implicated the MEN1 gene in a significant fraction of the sporadic counterparts of typical MEN1 neoplasms (parathyroid tumours, insulinomas and gastrinomas). To determine if MEN1 gene inactivation is also involved in the development of sporadic pituitary adenomas, allelic deletions of chromosome 11q13 and MEN1 gene mutations and polymorphisms were assessed in 35 sporadic tumours of the anterior pituitary (9 prolactin-secreting, 8 GH-secreting, 3 TSH-secreting, 2 TSH/GH-secreting, 4 Cushing, 9 silent). Thirty-one tumours were found to be heterozygous for at least one MEN1 intragenic polymorphism (25 cases) or for a flanking gene polymorphism (6 cases). The remaining tumours were not informative. No mutations were found in any tumour except in one prolactinoma which was homozygous or hemizygous for a mutation (1-117 C-->T) in a region close to the promoter. Unfortunately, blood or normal tissue was not available in this case. Our data show that somatic MEN1 mutations do not contribute significantly to tumorigenesis of sporadic pituitary adenomas and suggest that mutation of other genes are likely to contribute to the pathogenesis of these tumours.
COMPARISON OF SPECTRAL DOMAIN OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY SCAN PATTERNS AND CLINICAL REVIEW STRATEGIES IN NEOVASCULAR AGE-RELATED MACULAR DEGENERATION (2015)

Optimizing both clinical accuracy and workflow are important factors in managing neovascular age-related macular degeneration. A zero-tolerance strategy with vertical/horizontal raster scans and thickness maps was comparable with line-by-line review of the cube to detect possible fluid.
A Guide to Securing Industrial Control Networks: Integrating IT and OT Systems (2019)

Since the introduction of the computer and increasingly more so with the addition of the Internet, the threat of hackers and viruses attacking these systems has existed. This assault has been focused on the front-facing IT systems. However, with connectivity advancements related to plant floor networks, and as we become a globally connected enterprise, the security of the industrial control network must consider all levels of the system, including operational technology (OT). This article discusses the current industrial situation as well as the practices that should be adopted to provide the necessary security, policies that provide flexibility to the users so to ensure productivity, and further insight to developers who are building new security solutions and products.