gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing web content, user interests, and search behavior by reading level and topic (2012)

A user's expertise or ability to understand a document on a given topic is an important aspect of that document's relevance. However, this aspect has not been well-explored in information retrieval systems, especially those at Web scale where the great diversity of content, users, and tasks presents an especially challenging search problem. To help improve our modeling and understanding of this diversity, we apply automatic text classifiers, based on reading difficulty and topic prediction, to estimate a novel type of profile for important entities in Web search -- users, websites, and queries. These profiles capture topic and reading level distributions, which we then use in conjunction with search log data to characterize and compare different entities.
Structural Organization of a Hypermethylated Nuclear DNA Component in Physarum polycephalum (1985)

Digestion of Physarum polycephalum nuclear DNA using the restriction endonuclease HpaII generates two components, distinguishable on the basis of their molecular size. The high-molecular-weight, HpaII-resistant component, which accounts for 20% of the DNA, contains a fivefold greater concentration of 5-methylcytosine residues than the low-molecular-weight HpaII-digested fraction. Segments of hypermethylated (M+) DNA are largely composed of a single, long, highly repeated sequence, and this major element is sometimes associated with other less highly repetitive sequences in the M+ DNA fraction. Restriction mapping of cloned Physarum M+ DNA segments, and Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA using subcloned segments of M+ DNA as a probe, provide evidence for sequence variation within different copies of the dominant highly repeated element, and possibly the other associated repeats in M+ DNA, and additionally that almost complete tandemly repeated copies of the major repeat are found in some M+ DNA segments.
Weakly Supervised Data Augmentation Through Prompting for Dialogue Understanding (2022)

Dialogue understanding tasks often necessitate abundant annotated data to achieve good performance and that presents challenges in low-resource settings. To alleviate this barrier, we explore few-shot data augmentation for dialogue understanding by prompting large pre-trained language models and present a novel approach that iterates on augmentation quality by applying weakly-supervised filters. We evaluate our methods on the emotion and act classification tasks in DailyDialog and the intent classification task in Facebook Multilingual Task-Oriented Dialogue. Models fine-tuned on our augmented data mixed with few-shot ground truth data are able to approach or surpass existing state-of-the-art performance on both datasets. For DailyDialog specifically, using 10% of the ground truth data we outperform the current state-of-the-art model which uses 100% of the data.
Détection précoce de l'hyperparathyroïdie secondaire : impact de l'établissement des valeurs de références de la parathormone (2010)

peer reviewed
Design Study of a Novel, Semi-Solid Li/O2 Redox Flow Battery (2016)

Here we report about the design optimization of a new battery, a non-aqueous Semi-solid Lithium Redox Flow Air (O 2 ) Battery (SLRFAB) which operates using a semi-solid organic catholyte. Oxygen Redox Reaction (ORR) takes place at the semi-solid electroactive particles dispersed in the catholyte, avoiding the electrode passivation that usually occurs in a conventional Li/O 2 battery, enhancing the capacity and, in turn, the delivered energy. The results of the galvanostatic tests at different currents and flow rates and the practical prototype energy and power are here reported. We demonstrate that up to 700 Wh kg -1 and 70 W kg -1 is achievable by the optimization of the SLRFAB catholyte composition and current collector size. The strategies to reach and overcome such outstanding results are discussed on the basis of the experimental performance of a lab-scale SLRFAB prototype.
Room temperature Z-selective hydrogenation of alkynes by hemilabile and non-innocent (NNN)Co(ii) catalysts (2022)

Room temperature chemo- and stereoselective hydrogenation of alkynes is described using a well-defined and phosphine-free hemilabile cobalt catalyst.
Expression of transforming growth factor beta and transforming growth factor beta receptors on AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma. (1995)

Several humoral growth factors may contribute to the development and growth of AIDS-associated Kaposi's sarcoma (KS). They are either provided by chronically activated cells of the immune system or in an autocrine/paracrine manner by the neoplastic cells themselves. Transforming growth factor beta(TGF-beta) may directly enhance the growth of KS cells and tumor matrix formation. To mediate a signal both TGF-beta receptors type I and type II (TbetaR-I and TbetaR-II) have to be expressed. We investigated the expression of TGF-beta, TGF-beta receptors types I and II, and endoglin, a nonsignaling-type TbetaR-III, by means of immunohistochemistry on skin biopsies from patients with AIDS-related KS. We found that the TGF-beta ligand was expressed by KS cells in 9 of 11 samples. TbetaR-II was strongly expressed in 10 of 12 samples, but none of the investigated tumor samples stained for TbetaR-I. Endoglin was weakly expressed on all KS lesions and stained the endothelium of tumor-associated vessels in 92% of the samples. These findings show that most KS lesions have the ability to produce TGF-beta and that KS cells maintain a high expression of TbetaR-II in the absence of TbetaR-I, which may allow KS to escape growth inhibitory effects of endocrine or paracrine TGF-beta.
Energy–Performance Tunable Logic (2009)

We propose a new logic family that enables the user to tune the transistor's effective threshold voltage after fabrication for higher speed or lower power. This technique along with dynamic voltage scaling allows simultaneous optimization of static and dynamic power based on the application/workload requirements. Programmable interconnect from an FPGA was implemented using this logic family on a 90 nm CMOS test chip. Measurements show that this topology provides twice the tuning range in the energy-performance space compared to a conventional interconnect utilizing only supply voltage scaling. For most of the performance range, this circuit consumes 35% less energy compared to a state-of-the-art design. The circuit is an externally static, internally pulse-mode topology which can replace static circuits without requiring significant changes to the system.
Loss of Bmx Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Prevents Pressure Overload–Induced Cardiac Hypertrophy (2008)

Bmx nonreceptor tyrosine kinase has an established role in endothelial and lymphocyte signaling; however, its role in the heart is unknown. To determine whether Bmx participates in cardiac growth, we subjected mice deficient in the molecule (Bmx knockout mice) to transverse aortic constriction (TAC). In comparison with wild-type mice, which progressively developed massive hypertrophy following TAC, Bmx knockout mice were resistant to TAC-induced cardiac growth at the organ and cell level. Loss of Bmx preserved cardiac ejection fraction and decreased mortality following TAC. These findings are the first to demonstrate a necessary role for the Tec family of tyrosine kinases in the heart and reveal a novel regulator (Bmx) of pressure overload-induced hypertrophic growth.
Genetic Factors in the Development of Pituitary Adenomas (2009)

Pituitary adenomas are one of the most frequent intracranial tumors. Usually, they are benign but are of great clinical significance because of tumor compression syndrome and hormone overproduction. The interest in this pathology is increasing, particularly after some recent reports on their prevalence that proved to be 3-5 times more than previously estimated. Pituitary tumors arise in a sporadic setting and rarely as part of hereditary genetic syndromes. Such rare hereditary conditions like MEN1, Carney complex and McCune-Albright syndrome give significant insight into pituitary tumorigenesis. Newer genes associated pituitary tumor development include CDKN1B (MEN4) and AIP, the latter of which is involved in the pathophysiology of 15% of FIPA kindreds. The number of genes involved in pituitary tumorigenesis is progressively increasing and the possible mechanisms of action include signal transduction pathways, cell cycle regulators, growth factors, chromosome instability and others. Nevertheless, in the majority of sporadic adenomas, the primary genetic defect remains unknown. Furthermore, there is not a well established relationship between the genotype and its influence on the protein expression, ligand-receptor interaction, tumor growth or hormone hyperproduction. Further studies should evaluate the clinical significance of genetic alterations and their implications for existing and new therapeutic options.
Understanding Telecom Language Through Large Language Models (2023)

The recent progress of artificial intelligence (AI) opens up new frontiers in the possibility of automating many tasks involved in Telecom networks design, implementation, and deployment. This has been further pushed forward with the evolution of generative artificial intelligence (AI), including the emergence of large language models (LLMs), which is believed to be the cornerstone toward realizing self-governed, interactive AI agents. Motivated by this, in this paper, we aim to adapt the paradigm of LLMs to the Telecom domain. In particular, we fine-tune several LLMs including BERT, distilled BERT, RoBERTa and GPT-2, to the Telecom domain languages, and demonstrate a use case for identifying the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standard working groups. We consider training the selected models on 3GPP technical documents (Tdoc) pertinent to years 2009-2019 and predict the Tdoc categories in years 2020-2023. The results demonstrate that fine-tuning BERT and RoBERTa model achieves 84.6% accuracy, while GPT-2 model achieves 83% in identifying 3GPP working groups. The distilled BERT model with around 50% less parameters achieves similar performance as others. This corroborates that fine-tuning pretrained LLM can effectively identify the categories of Telecom language. The developed framework shows a stepping stone towards realizing intent-driven and self-evolving wireless networks from Telecom languages, and paves the way for the implementation of generative AI in the Telecom domain.
Multi-tracer microPET imaging of a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease to assess microglial activation and anti-inflammatory treatment (2011)

Introduction: In Alzheimer's disease (AD), activated microglia play an important role in amyloid clearance and secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules that lead to chronic neuroinflammation. The nuclear peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-g) is involved in the regulation of inflammatory processes at transcriptional level.
Digital implementation of a transmit line build-out circuit for the DSX-1 interface (2003)

The design of an all-digital DS-1 transmit line build-out circuit (LBO) is reported. The application of the LBO is to compensate for the length variations ranging from 0 m to 200 m of the 22 American Wire Gauge (AWG) twisted pair cable between a DS-1 line card and the DSX-1 cross-connect. At the cross-connect, the signal must fit into the North American DSX-1 standard pulse-shape mask. The present approach generated a distorted DS-1 pulse digitally from samples stored in a ROM. The numerical samples are passed to a digital-to-analog converter to generate the bipolar DS-1 signal. To meet the DSX-1 standard, it was sufficient to synthesize the pulse from eight stored samples, each 5 b wide (for 32 quantization levels). Two versions of the distorted DS-1 pulse, corresponding to two LB settings, were needed to satisfy the DSX-1 standard, valid for the range 0 m to 132 m and 66 m to 215 m, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Wafer level high temperature reliability study by backside probing f or a 50um thin TSV wafer (2015)

Wafer level reliability of TSV has been studied with respect to FEOL (Front end of line) and BEOL (Back end of line) reliability aspects. TSV keep out zone (KoZ) study has been done with varying gate length and width of transistor. Voltage ramp stress (VRS) analysis has been done by varying gate voltage for different KOZ for both SG and EG oxide devices and found not significant impact to device performance. Testing is done for both thick and thin (50um) wafer and found little effect due to wafer thinning. Wafer level FEOL reliability tests are done at 125 deg C and for a 50um thin wafer, a new methodology by probing the device from back side through TSV with a carrier wafer is demonstrated. Probing of the device from the backside of the device eliminate the thin wafer de-bonding from the carrier wafer and mounting onto a dicing tape. With new methodology reliability of the wafer is improved by eliminating thin waferde-bonding and also able to test the thin wafer at higher temperature 125degC which was not possible with wafer on a dicing tape which can withstand only temperature up to 60degC.
Rigel: A 1,024-Core Single-Chip Accelerator Architecture (2011)

Rigel is a single-chip accelerator architecture with 1,024 independent processing cores targeted at a broad class of data- and task-parallel computation. This article discusses Rigel's motivation, evaluates its performance scalability as well as power and area requirements, and explores memory systems in the context of 1,024-core single-chip accelerators. The authors also consider future opportunities and challenges for large-scale designs.
Editorial Comment: Symposium: Biologics and Tissue Healing in Orthopaedics (2015)

The last three decades have seen tremendous technical growth in virtually every facet of orthopaedic surgery. Arthroscopy has increased our ability to access and instrument joints less invasively, and new tools and approaches in trauma and spine surgery have decreased the morbidity associated with exposure and soft-tissue dissection. Fixation devices for fracture and soft-tissue repair have likewise improved, with more-rigid implants and pull-out strengths that far exceed typical physiological loads. Advances like these have helped surgeons restore anatomy and function as well as to expedite recovery with reduced morbidity and fewer complications.Figure: Asheesh Bedi MDFigure: Joshua Dines MDDespite these successes, however, the ability of musculoskeletal tissues to heal remains a weak link. The inability to recapitulate the native architecture of the enthesis remains a considerable challenge in ligament reconstruction and rotator cuff repair surgery. This is one of the predominant reasons for structural failure after surgical repair or reconstruction. Joint preservation remains a daunting challenge in spite of improved recognition of focal chondral injury, as our current techniques do not reliably regenerate organized, hyaline cartilage. The next step in musculoskeletal surgery will require an improved understanding of tissue biology in order to develop therapeutic avenues to augment healing. We are proud to present a series of articles that focuses on biologics and tissue healing in orthopaedics. These studies present important primary research on both growth factor and cell-based strategies to augment healing responses to both injury and surgical repair. The use of biomarkers to help guide decision-making in joint preservation is also reviewed. These considerations will be of paramount importance as we continue to make efforts to improve the quality of our structural and functional outcomes for challenging orthopaedic conditions. We thank the authors who have contributed to this symposium.
Partial Ionic Character of Metal-Chlorine Bonds (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPartial Ionic Character of Metal-Chlorine BondsRalph G. Pearson and Harry B. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 2, 358–363Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50006a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50006a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views117Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A design for an internet router with a digital optical data plane (2013)

This paper presents a complete design for an optical Internet router based on decomposing the steps required for IP packet forwarding. Implementations of hopcount decrement and header matching are integrated with a simulation-based approach to variable-length packet merging that avoids recirculation, resulting in an all-optical data plane. A method for IPv4 checksum computation is introduced, and this and previously designed components are extended from binary to higher-density (multiple bits per symbol) encodings. The implications of this design are considered, including the potential for chip-level and system integration, as well as the requirements of basic optical processing components.
Ion Specificity Influences on the Structure of Zwitterionic Brushes (2023)

Zwitterionic brushes have a wide range of applications, including use as lubricating surfaces and antifouling membranes. In this study, densely end-tethered poly(cysteine methacrylate) (PCysMA) brushes were synthesized using surface-initiated activators regenerated by electron transfer atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ARGET-ATRP). The structure of the PCysMA brushes was investigated using ellipsometry, X-ray reflectivity (XRR), attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results of these characterization techniques were used to study the effect of SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2–</sup>, Cl<sup>–</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>–</sup>, Br<sup>–</sup>, and SCN<sup>–</sup> anions, divalent Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup> cations, and trivalent Y<sup>3+</sup> cations on the structure of the PCysMA brushes. The results showed that the PCysMA brushes in solution exhibit an “antipolyelectrolyte” effect to a certain degree, which inversely follows the Hofmeister series of anions. The introduction of divalent cations Ca<sup>2+</sup> and Ba<sup>2+</sup> had a modest impact on the dimensions of the PCysMA brushes, indicating that chelating interactions between the cations and zwitterion units work against the “antipolyelectrolyte” effect. The complexation was even stronger in the presence of trivalent Y<sup>3+</sup> cations, which caused the PCysMA brushes to shrink. These findings highlight the importance of ion specificity to the structure of zwitterionic brushes in aqueous solutions.
Polysilicon microstructures to characterize static friction (2002)

The design, fabrication process, and initial experiment results for a test microstructure for measuring static friction are described. A normal force is applied to a displaced suspended structure by an underlying electrode. The tangential force to measure the frictional force is produced by a restoring force from the displaced suspension. The spring constant is found empirically by resonating the structure. The mu for coarse-grained polysilicon-polysilicon interfaces is found to be 4.9+or-1.0. Silicon nitride-polysilicon surfaces exhibit less friction with a mu of 2.5+or-0.5. Friction is found to be independent of apparent area. Tests were conducted on a piezoelectric crystal resulting in a reduction of friction and improved reliability of data extraction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Microscopic mirrorless negative-index optical parametric oscillator (2009)

The feasibility and extraordinary properties of mirrorless optical parametric oscillations in a microscopic strongly absorbing slab of negative-index metamaterial are shown. They stem from the backwardness of electromagnetic waves inherent with this type of metamaterial.
Basic fibroblast growth factor: A potential autocrine regulator of human glioma cell growth (1990)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogen and angiogenic factor. bFGF is expressed by a variety of solid human tumors and has been implicated as an autocrine regulator of tumor growth. Different solid tumor lines including glioma, colon carcinoma and melanoma were examined for intracellular immunoreactive bFGF, high- and low-affinity bFGF receptors and mitogenic response to bFGF when grown in chemically defined medium. All tumor lines contained significant levels of bFGF. In addition, all tumor lines contained subsets of five forms of immunoreactive bFGF, as well as 0.68-20 x 10(6) low affinity bFGF binding sites (Kd = 15-300 nM). Most, but not all lines exhibited high affinity bFGF receptors (Kd = 25-40 pM). Glioma cell lines were distinguished by expressing the highest levels of bFGF protein as well as the most high-affinity receptors for bFGF. Furthermore, glioma cell lines were the only tumor type mitogenically responsive to bFGF. These results indicate that glioma cells express high levels of this potent mitogen and angiogenic factor relative to human colon carcinoma and melanoma cells. The expression of bFGF and bFGF receptors by glioma cells may be related to abnormal growth and neoplastic progression in these tumors.
Reduction of Bipolar Disturb of Floating-Body Cell (FBC) by Silicide and Thin Silicon Film Formed at Source and Drain Regions (2010)

The cell-to-cell leakage caused by bipolar disturb of the floating-body cell (FBC) has been investigated. In the case of FBC without silicide at the source and drain regions, the change of data “0” to data “1” has been observed in the writing operation to the adjacent cell. However, this leakage can be reduced when the silicide is formed on the thin silicon film at the source and drain regions. It has been clarified that the diffusion of holes inside the n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> region is restricted by the capture of holes at the silicide/silicon interface when silicon thickness reduces. Based on these experimental results, 6 <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F</i> <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> layout of FBC can be realized with the conventional logic device process platform.
Ivermectin Resistance in Onchocerca volvulus: Toward a Genetic Basis (2007)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
2′‐Fluoro‐4′‐thio‐2′,3′‐unsaturated Nucleosides: anti‐HIV Activity, Resistance Profile, and Molecular Modeling Studies (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.