gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peripartum cardiomyopathy: from genetics to management (2021)

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a disease that occurs globally in all ethnic groups and should be suspected in any peripartum women presenting with symptoms and signs of heart failure, towards the end of pregnancy or in the months following delivery, with confirmed left ventricular dysfunction. After good history taking, all women should be thoroughly assessed, and alternative causes should be excluded. Urgent cardiac investigations with electrocardiogram and natriuretic peptide measurement (if available) should be performed. Echocardiography follows as the next step in investigation. Patients with abnormal cardiac investigations should be urgently referred to a cardiology team for expert management. Referral for genetic work-up should be considered if there is a family history of cardiomyopathy or sudden death. PPCM is a disease with substantial maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Maternal mortality rates range widely, from 0% to 30%, depending on the ethnic background and geographic region. Just under half of women experience myocardial recovery. Remarkable advances in the comprehension of the pathogenesis and in patient management and therapy have been achieved, largely due to team efforts and close collaboration between basic scientists, cardiologists, intensive care specialists, and obstetricians. This review summarizes current knowledge of PPCM genetics, pathophysiology, diagnostic approach, management, and outcome.
Evaluating the Use of the Perceptual Reference Medium Gamut in ICC PrintingWorkflows (2009)

The International Color Consortium (ICC) specifies a standard profile format and associated color management architecture. In the version 4 of its specifications, it adopted a Perceptual Reference Medium and an associated gamut (PRMG) for perceptual workflows. The goals of this change were improved interoperability and more pleasing results. In this paper we start evaluating the effect of using of the PRMG on the quality of printed images. A series of psychophysical experiments were conducted with a large set of sRGB images. A small number of expert observers found that they tended to prefer the quality of prints obtained via a v4 workflow when printing with a printing system having a medium sized gamut. However, when printing with a system having a gamut similar to the PRMG, they did not find any significant preference. They also found that the use of v4 led to a better consistency of the rendering of the prints when using two printing systems with different gamuts. None of the algorithms were strongly preferred by the observers of a larger panel.
A computational model of the cardiovascular system coupled with an upper-arm oscillometric cuff and its application to studying the suprasystolic cuff oscillation wave, concerning its value in assessing arterial stiffness (2011)

A variety of methods have been proposed to noninvasively assess arterial stiffness using single or multiple oscillometric cuffs. A common pitfall of most of such methods is that the individual-specific accuracy of assessment is not clearly known due to an insufficient understanding of the relationships between the characteristics of cuff oscillometry and cardiovascular properties. To provide a tool for quantitatively investigating such relationships, we developed a computational model of the cardiovascular system coupled with an oscillometric cuff wrapped around the left upper arm. The model was first examined by simulating the inflation-deflation process of the cuff. The simulated results reasonably reproduced the well-established characteristics of cuff oscillometry. The model was then applied to study the oscillation wave generated by a suprasystolic cuff that is currently under considerable debate regarding its validity for assessing aortic stiffness. The simulated results confirmed the experimental observations that the suprasystolic cuff oscillation wave resembles the blood pressure wave in the proximal brachial artery and is characterised by the presence of two systolic peaks. A systemic analysis on the simulation results for various cardiovascular/physiological conditions revealed that neither the time lag nor the height difference between the two peaks is a direct indicator of aortic stiffness. These findings provided useful evidence for explaining the conflicts among previous studies. Finally, it was stressed that although the emphasis of this study has been placed on a suprasystolic upper-arm cuff, the model could be employed to address more issues related to oscillometric cuffs.
Dynamic Glucose‐Enhanced Imaging of the Liver Using Breath‐Hold Black Blood Quantitative T1ρMRI at 3.0 T (2023)

Evidence Level 1 Technical Efficacy Stage 3
TCP over GEO satellite hybrid networks (2003)

Broadcast satellite networks are going to play an important role in the global information infrastructure. Satellites can provide direct-to-user Internet services and as well as traffic trunks in the middle of the network. About 98% of Internet traffic is TCP traffic. TCP works well in terrestrial fiber networks, but does not work well in satellite and in hybrid (satellite-terrestrial) networks. We analyze the problems that cause this degraded performance and review the solutions proposed in the literature. Because an end-to-end solution is difficult in the hybrid network, we propose a solution based on connection splitting. While much research has been done on improving TCP throughput for a single connection, we consider the case when multiple connections with different round trip times compete with each other. The crucial part of our scheme is the flow control algorithm at the hybrid gateways (i.e., the interfaces between the satellite and terrestrial networks). Because the end-to-end connection is split at the hybrid gateways, the data packets are buffered at the TCP layer rather than at the IP layer as in a normal router. Furthermore, the TCP layer not only buffers data waiting for transmission, but also buffers data transmitted but not yet acknowledged. The flow control algorithm should avoid stall caused by buffer exhaustion, guarantee fairness among all competing connections and maintain high utilization of the satellite link. A performance evaluation demonstrates that our scheme meets these requirements.
Systematic design of metasurface scattering spectra using analytical criteria on resonances (2022)

We present a systematic and computationally efficient methodology to design scattering responses for lossless reciprocal 2-port systems, emphasizing compact high-order standard filters. Our approach is based on universal analytical criteria for the resonances (quasi-normal modes) of the structure, which can be used as tractable optimization (root-finding) objectives. We demonstrate our method by designing multiple microwave metasurfaces configured for polarization-preserving transmission, reflective polarization conversion, or diffractive anomalous reflection, and exhibiting responses that precisely match standard bandpass or bandstop filters of various types, orders and bandwidths, with focus on the best-performing elliptic filters.
Generalized Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling. (2007)

We consider the non-metric multidimensional scaling problem: given a set of dissimilarities ∆, find an embedding whose inter-point Euclidean distances have the same ordering as ∆. In this paper, we look at a generalization of this problem in which only a set of order relations of the form dij &amp;lt; dkl are provided. Unlike the original problem, these order relations can be contradictory and need not be specified for all pairs of dissimilarities. We argue that this setting is more natural in some experimental settings and propose an algorithm based on convex optimization techniques to solve this problem. We apply this algorithm to human subject data from a psychophysics experiment concerning how reflectance properties are perceived. We also look at the standard NMDS problem, where a dissimilarity matrix ∆ is provided as input, and show that we can always find an orderrespecting embedding of ∆. 1
Correction: Tracking the Luminal Exposure and Lymphatic Drainage Pathways of Intravaginal and Intrarectal Inocula Used in Nonhuman Primate Models of HIV Transmission (2023)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092830.].
<title>Investigation of stress in aluminum thin film for MEMS applications</title> (2001)

Single layer of aluminum film was sputter deposited on to (100) oriented 4 inch silicon wafer to study effect of film thickness, D.C. power and sputtering gas pressure on the film stress. The as-deposited stress appeared to be increasing as film thickness increases and argon pressure decreases. Thermal stress originated from difference in CTE and temperature variation during and after sputtering seems to be a main factor in room temperature sputter deposited aluminum films. From observation of temperature-stress behavior, it was found that the pure aluminum film has an elastic modulus of 56GPA and compressive yield strength of -100MPA. The yield strength was improved to about -175MPA by alloying with 3wt.%Ti. Titanium alloying also proved to be useful in extending linear elastic region before plastic deformation occurs. However, it was hard to determine the stress level with buckling phenomena of ring/beam microstructures because of imperfections such as stress gradient and thermal deformation. In stead, those diagnostic microstructures could be applied to give an information on whether a plastic deformation was introduced or not in a structure of specific dimension.
Using hydrologic measurements to investigate free-phase gas ebullition in a Maine peatland, USA (2014)

Abstract. Northern peatlands cover more than 350 million ha and are an important source of methane (CH4) and other biogenic gases contributing to climate change. Free-phase gas (FPG) accumulation and episodic release has recently been recognized as an important mechanism for biogenic gas flux from peatlands. It is likely that gas production and groundwater flow are interconnected in peatlands: groundwater flow influences gas production by regulating geochemical conditions and nutrient supply available for methanogenesis, while FPG influences groundwater flow through a reduction in peat permeability and by creating excess pore water pressures. Water samples collected from three well sites at Caribou Bog, Maine, show substantial dissolved CH4 (5–16 mg L−1) in peat waters below 2 m depth and an increase in concentrations with depth. This suggests production and storage of CH4 in deep peat that may be episodically released as FPG. Two min increment pressure transducer data reveal approximately 5 cm fluctuations in hydraulic head from both deep and shallow peat that are believed to be indicative of FPG release. FPG release persists up to 24 h during decreasing atmospheric pressure and a rising water table. Preferential flow is seen towards an area of relatively lower hydraulic head associated with the esker and pool system. Increased CH4 concentrations are also found at the depth of the esker crest, suggesting that the high permeability esker is acting as a conduit for groundwater flow, driving a downward transport of labile carbon, resulting in higher rates of CH4 production.
Using four wavelength-multiplexed self-seeding Fabry-Perot lasers for 10 Gbps upstream traffic in TDM-PON (2008)

In this paper, we propose and experimentally investigate a simple self-injection Fabry-Perot laser scheme on each optical network unit (ONU) for 10 Gbps TDM passive optical networks (PONs). Based on the proposed four wavelength-multiplexed 2.5 Gbps lasers, the 10 Gbps uplink traffic can be achieved at a cost-effective way. The network architecture and performance have also been analyzed and discussed.
Tell Me About Yourself: Using an AI-Powered Chatbot to Conduct Conversational Surveys with Open-ended Questions (2019)

The rise of increasingly more powerful chatbots offers a new way to collect information through conversational surveys, where a chatbot asks open-ended questions, interprets a user's free-text responses, and probes answers whenever needed. To investigate the effectiveness and limitations of such a chatbot in conducting surveys, we conducted a field study involving about 600 participants. In this study with mostly open-ended questions, half of the participants took a typical online survey on Qualtrics and the other half interacted with an AI-powered chatbot to complete a conversational survey. Our detailed analysis of over 5200 free-text responses revealed that the chatbot drove a significantly higher level of participant engagement and elicited significantly better quality responses measured by Gricean Maxims in terms of their informativeness, relevance, specificity, and clarity. Based on our results, we discuss design implications for creating AI-powered chatbots to conduct effective surveys and beyond.
CRYPTOSPORIDIUM HOMINIS: EXPERIMENTAL CHALLENGE OF HEALTHY ADULTS (2006)

Cryptosporidium hominis causes diarrhea in humans and has been associated with community outbreaks. This study describes the infectivity, illness, and serologic response after experimental challenge of 21 healthy adult volunteers with 10-500 C. hominis (TU502) oocysts. Sixteen subjects (76.2%) had evidence of infection; the 50% infectious dose (ID(50)) was estimated to be 10-83 oocysts using clinical and microbiologic definitions of infection, respectively. Diarrhea occurred in 40% of subjects receiving 10 oocysts with a stepwise increase to 75% in those receiving 500 oocysts. A serum IgG response was seen in those receiving more than 30 oocysts. Greatest responses were seen in volunteers with diarrhea and oocyst shedding. Volunteers with no evidence of infection had indeterminant or negative IgG responses. Cryptosporidium hominis 10 oocysts) and is clinically is infectious for healthy adults (ID(50) = similar to C. parvum-induced illness. In contrast to C. parvum, C. hominis elicted a serum IgG response in most infected persons.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Therapeutically Useful Prostaglandin and Prostacyclin Analogs (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Acylation reactions mediated by tantalum carboxylates (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcylation reactions mediated by tantalum carboxylatesKiran Joshi, Jiang Bao, Alan S. Goldman, and Joachim KohnCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 17, 6649–6652Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00043a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00043a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views284Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF DIPHENYLCYCLOPROPENONE AND TETRACYCLONES WITH POTASSIUM SUPEROXIDE (1984)

Abstract Diphenyl‐cyclopropenon (I) wird mit Kaliumperoxid zu Benzil (II) oxidiert.
Phase 1 Trial of the Dengue Virus Type 4 Vaccine Candidate rDEN4Δ30-4995 in Healthy Adult Volunteers (2009)

rDEN4Delta30-4995 is a live attenuated dengue virus type 4 (DENV4) vaccine candidate specifically designed as a further attenuated derivative of the rDEN4Delta30 parent virus. In a previous study, 5 of 20 vaccinees who received 10(5) plaque-forming units (PFU) of rDEN4Delta30 developed a transient elevation of the serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) level and an asymptomatic maculopapular rash developed in 10 of 20. In the current study, 28 healthy adult volunteers were randomized to receive 10(5) PFU of rDEN4Delta30-4995 (20) or placebo (8) as a single subcutaneous injection. The vaccine was safe, well-tolerated, and immunogenic. An asymptomatic generalized maculopapular rash and elevations in ALT levels were observed in 10% of the rDEN4Delta30-4995 vaccinees. None of the rDEN4Delta30-4995 vaccinees became viremic, yet 95% developed a four-fold or greater increase in neutralizing antibody titers. Thus, rDEN4Delta30-4995 was demonstrated to be safe, highly attenuated, and immunogenic. However, an asymptomatic localized erythematous rash at the injection site was seen in 17/20 rDEN4Delta30-4995 vaccinees. Therefore, alternative DENV4 vaccine strains were selected for further clinical development.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL HIGH-FREQUENCY BACKSCATTER AND ENVELOPE QUANTIFICATION OF CANCEROUS HUMAN LYMPH NODES JONATHANMAMOU,*ALAINCORON, yz MICHAELL. OELZE, x EMISAEGUSA-BEECROFT, { MASAKIHATA, { (2011)

Quantitative imaging methods using high-frequency ultrasound (HFU) offer a means of characterizing biological tissue at the microscopic level. Previously, high-frequency, 3-D quantitative ultrasound (QUS) methods were developed to characterize 46 freshly-dissected lymph nodes of colorectal-cancer patients. 3-D ultrasound ra- diofrequency data were acquired using a 25.6-MHz center-frequency transducer and each node was inked before tissue fixation to recover orientation after sectioning for 3-D histological evaluation. Backscattered echo signals were processed using 3-D cylindrical regions-of-interest (ROIs) to yield four QUS estimates associated with tissue microstructure (i.e., effective scatterer size, acoustic concentration, intercept and slope). These QUS estimates, ob- tained by parameterizing the backscatter spectrum, showed great potential for cancer detection. In the present study, these QUS methods were applied to 112 lymph nodes from 77 colorectal and gastric cancer patients. Novel QUS methods parameterizing the envelope statistics of the ROIs using Nakagami and homodyned-K distributions were also developed; they yielded four additional QUS estimates. The ability of these eight QUS estimates to clas- sify lymph nodes and detect cancer was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. An area under the ROC curve of 0.996 with specificity and sensitivity of 95% were obtained by combining effective scat- terer size and one envelope parameter based on the homodyned-K distribution. Therefore, these advanced 3-D QUS methods potentially can be valuable for detecting small metastatic foci in dissected lymph nodes. (E-mail: jmamou@riversideresearch.org) 2011 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology.
Supplementary Figure 3 from A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from A Smac Mimetic Rescue Screen Reveals Roles for Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins in Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Signaling
Supplementary Figures and Tables from Toxicity and Efficacy of a Novel GADD34-expressing Oncolytic HSV-1 for the Treatment of Experimental Glioblastoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Table 1. Dose-response effects of human glioblastoma cells after treatment with NG34 or rQNestin34.5. Supplementary Figure S1. A, The dose-response curves represent cell viability assay for human astrocytes. Intracellular ATP was measured as an index of cell viability, five days after infection of human astrocyte cells with NG34 or rQNestin34.5. Data were normalized to maximum and minimum values before plotting the averaged values of six replicates with S.D. error bars and non-linear dose-response curves. Ranges of 50% effective doses (ED50) at 95% confidence intervals are 0.00094-0.0034 pfu (NG34) and 0.0011-0.0024 puf (rQNestin34.5), and values of R2 are 0.9423 (NG34) and 0.9748 (rQNestin34.5), respectively. B, viral replication in normal tissues was measured by titrating viral yields collected from cultured human astrocytes after HSV1 F strain (wild-type), rHSVQ, NG34 or rQNestin34.5 at 0.1 of their MOIs. Error bars represent S.D (n = 4). Supplementary Figure S2. The dose-response curves represent are obtained from the cell viability assay used in Table. 1. Supplementary Figure S3. NG34-gCRliFluc and rHSVQ-gCRliFluc oHSV were generated as described in the Materials and Methods section . Supplementary Figure S4. Bioluminescent imaging of xenografted human glioma indicates tumor regression upon oHSV treatment. Supplementary Figure S5. Reproducibility of therapeutic efficacy of NG34 in different models in vivo. Supplementary Figure S6. Gene expression of cytokines in mouse brains with NG34 inoculation. Supplementary Figure S7. Immunohistochemistry of the brains of athymic mice after the HSV-1 inoculation.&lt;/p&gt;
Observation of injection and pinning of domain walls in magnetic nanowires using photoemission electron microscopy (2005)

Photoemission electron microscopy is used to explore the injection and pinning of magnetic domain walls in 250-nm-wide, 20-nm-thick Permalloy nanowires. Domain walls are injected from a micron-sized elliptical nucleation pad at one end of the nanowire. A vortex-like structure is readily nucleated in this pad at low magnetic fields (&amp;lt;15Oe), whereas injection of a domain wall into the nanowire requires significantly larger fields (∼60Oe). Domain walls are pinned in the nanowire at notches patterned along the wire’s edges. The domain walls are observed to have vortex-like structures with chiralities that vary in successive experiments.
Misalignment-free, Kerr-lens-modelocked Yb:Y2O3 2.2-GHz Oscillator, Amplified by a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (2023)

We present a fully bonded misalignment-free single-diode-pumped Yb:ceramic laser producing 190-fs pulses at 2.2 GHz. Chirped-pulse amplification in a semiconductor optical amplifier yielded an average power of 69 mW and pulse energies of 32 pJ.
A novel procedure for the synthesis of borylated quinolines and its application in the development of potential boron-based homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) inhibitors (2022)

Herein, we demonstrate a Pd catalyzed C-4 borylation of structurally complex chloroquinolines with bis(pinacolato)diboron under relatively simple and efficient conditions. Moreover, the borylated quinolines were converted into oxaborole, trifluoroborate salt and boronic acid and also rendered in the Suzuki reaction successfully. The method was also applied for the synthesis of potential boron-based homeodomain interacting protein kinase 2 (HIPK2) inhibitors. The strategy opens up new avenues for the functionalization of quinolines as potential probes and pharmacological agents for future biomedical research.