gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of combined radiation and burn injury on the renin–angiotensin system (2012)

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) plays an important role in wound repair; however, little is known pertaining to RAS expression in response to thermal injury and the combination of radiation plus burn injury (CRBI). The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that thermal injury modifies expression of RAS components and CRBI delayed this up-regulation of RAS. Skin from uninjured mice was compared with mice receiving local thermal injury or CRBI (injury site). Skin was analyzed for gene and protein expression of RAS components. There was an initial increase in the expression of various components of RAS following thermal injury. However, in the higher CRBI group there is an initial decrease in AT(1b) (vasoconstriction, pro-proliferative), AT(2) (vasodilation, differentiation), and Mas (vasodilation, anti-inflammatory) gene expression. This corresponded with a delay and decrease in AT(1) , AT(2) , and MAS protein expression in fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The reduction in RAS receptor positive fibroblasts and keratinocytes correlated with a reduction in collagen deposition and keratinocyte infiltration into the wounded area resulting in a delay of reepithelialization following CRBI. These data support the hypothesis that delayed wound healing observed in subjects following radiation exposure may be in part due to decreased expression of RAS.
Voltage controlled interfacial magnetism through platinum orbits (2017)

Electric fields at interfaces exhibit useful phenomena, such as switching functions in transistors, through electron accumulations and/or electric dipole inductions. We find one potentially unique situation in a metal-dielectric interface in which the electric field is atomically inhomogeneous because of the strong electrostatic screening effect in metals. Such electric fields enable us to access electric quadrupoles of the electron shell. Here we show, by synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy, electric field induction of magnetic dipole moments in a platinum monatomic layer placed on ferromagnetic iron. Our theoretical analysis indicates that electric quadrupole induction produces magnetic dipole moments and provides a large magnetic anisotropy change. In contrast with the inability of current designs to offer ultrahigh-density memory devices using electric-field-induced spin control, our findings enable a material design showing more than ten times larger anisotropy energy change for such a use and highlight a path in electric-field control of condensed matter.
Energy Efficiency of Force-Sensor-Controlled Humanoid-Robot Walking on Indoor Surfaces (2020)

We report an energy-efficiency analysis for the walking pattern of a humanoid robot on different indoor surfaces with different walking speeds. The walking efficiency is measured through experiments for the maximum distance, which can be covered by the robot following specific walking patterns. For this purpose, we developed an energy-measurement-circuit (EMC) to measure power and energy consumption. Two different walking surfaces (i.e. hard and soft-surfaces) and three different walking speeds (i.e. 220 frames/stride (slow-speed), 190 frames/stride (medium-speed) and 160 frames/stride (fast-speed)) were used. The walking pattern was generated by the robot-operating-software platform (ROSP) and the robot controller (i.e. RCB-4HV). Pizo-resistive-membrane force sensors (PRMFS) below the robot feet were used for walking-pattern recording. From the measurement data, it is observed that the humanoid robot with one battery charge can cover on the hard-surface maximum distances of 67.3 m for slow-speed, 77.07 m for medium-speed and 96.24 m for fast-speed. In comparison, the maximum distances on the soft-surface are only 36.94 m for slow-speed, 44.07 m for medium-speed and 55.23 m for high-speed, meaning about 80% higher energy consumption for a given identical distance. It is also observed, that the energy consumption during walking on the hard-surface for 1-meter distance covered (i.e. 181.19 J for slow-speed, 171.13 J for medium-speed and 166.68 J for fast-speed) is comparatively lesser than on the soft-surface (i.e. 365.78 J for slow-speed, 325.23 J for medium-speed and 310.15 J for fast-speed). Our experiments show, that the energy consumption (in %) during walking is substantially smaller on hard surfaces than on soft surfaces, namely, 50.46% for slow-speed, 47.38% for medium-speed and 46.25% for fast-speed. It is further shown, that the fast-speed-walking pattern on a hard surface has the highest energy efficiency among the six analyzed walking conditions. The obtained results are useful for energy-efficient walking-pattern recognition in future-generation artificial-intelligence-enabled humanoid-robot design.
The Autoimmune Diabetes Locus Idd9 Regulates Development of Type 1 Diabetes by Affecting the Homing of Islet-Specific T Cells (2006)

Several genetic insulin-dependent diabetes (Idd) intervals that confer resistance to autoimmune diabetes have been identified in mice and humans, but the mechanisms by which they protect against development of diabetes have not been elucidated. To determine the effect of Idd9 on the function of islet-specific T cells, we established novel BDC-Idd9 mice that harbor BDC2.5 TCR transgenic T cells containing the Idd9 of diabetes-resistant B10 mice. We show that the development and functional responses of islet-specific T cells from BDC-Idd9 mice are not defective compared with those from BDC mice, which contain the Idd9 of diabetes-susceptible NOD mice. Upon transfer, BDC T cells rapidly induced severe insulitis and diabetes in NOD.scid mice, whereas those from BDC-Idd9 mice mediated a milder insulitis and induced diabetes with a significantly delayed onset. BDC and BDC-Idd9 T cells expanded comparably in recipient mice. However, BDC-Idd9 T cells accumulated in splenic periarteriolar lymphatic sheaths, whereas BDC T cells were mainly found in pancreatic lymph nodes and pancreata of recipients, indicating that the transferred T cells differed in their homing. We provide evidence that the migration pattern of transferred BDC and BDC-Idd9 T cells at least partly depends on their differential chemotaxis toward the CCR7 ligand CCL19. Taken together, our data show that the Idd9 locus regulates development of type 1 diabetes by affecting the homing of islet-specific T cells.
Effects of p56 lck Deficiency on the Growth and Cytolytic Effector Function of an Interleukin-2-Dependent Cytotoxic T-Cell Line (1992)

The growth, differentiation, and functional activities of antigen-stimulated T lymphocytes are regulated by the interaction of the T-cell-derived cytokine, interleukin-2 (IL-2), with the high-affinity IL-2 receptor (IL-2R). IL-2R occupancy initiates a rapid increase in intracellular protein tyrosine phosphorylation, suggesting that a receptor-coupled protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) serves as a proximal signaling element for the IL-2R. Previous studies implicated the src-family kinase, p56lck, as a potential IL-2R-linked signal transducer. In this study, we have characterized a spontaneous variant of the IL-2-dependent cytotoxic T-cell line, CTLL-2, which contains no detectable lck-derived mRNA transcripts, protein, or PTK activity. The p56lck-deficient CTLL-2 cells retained strict dependence on IL-2 for both viability and growth, indicating that p56lck activity was not required for the transduction of IL-2-mediated mitogenic signals. However, the p56lck-deficient cells exhibited a moderate decrease in their rate of IL-2-dependent proliferation. In contrast to this relatively modest proliferative defect, the p56lck-deficient cell line displayed a profound reduction in T-cell antigen receptor-dependent cytolytic effector functions. Both the proliferative and the cytolytic defects observed in the p56lck-deficient cells were completely reversed by transfection of these cells with a wild-type lck expression vector. These results indicate that p56lck expression is not obligatory for IL-2-mediated T-cell growth stimulation; however, this PTK plays a central role in the generation T-cell-mediated cytotoxic responses.
Ureteroureteral anastomosis for endometriosis involving the ureter: Case series and literature review (2019)

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to review operative management of endometriosis involving the ureter. Materials and methods: Retrospective case series of three patients undergoing resection of ureteral endometriosis with ureteroureterostomy for endometriosis involving the ureter by minimally invasive gynecologic surgeons between 2007 and 2018 at a large academic medical center in the Northeastern United States. A literature review was conducted to find cases with a similar approach. Results: Three cases of ureteral endometriosis surgically managed at our institution with ureteroureteral anastomosis were identified. Ureteral endometriosis was identified preoperatively by hydroureteronephrosis on imaging. Intrinsic ureteral endometriosis was confirmed by pathology in two cases; extrinsic endometriosis was grossly visualized in one case. Operative times ranged from 300 to 387 min. Estimated blood loss ranged from 150 to 250 mL. There were no intraoperative complications. A total of 151 cases with a similar approach were described in the literature. Recurrence of obstructive uropathy occurred in 11 cases. Conclusion: Ureteral endometriosis is a rare complication with several management options. Ureterectomy with ureteroureterostomy has been described in the literature and in three cases at our institution with low complication rates and rare stricture formation. This technique can be successful in the management of ureteral endometriosis and warrants further investigation.
Microstructure Evolution in Pure Al Processed with Twist Extrusion (2008)

High purity Al (99.99%) was subjected to severe plastic deformation through twist extrusion at room temperature. Microstructures were examined for 1 pass and 4 passes on the cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of billets using optical microscopy and electron back scatter diffraction analysis. It was shown that a vortex-like material flow was observed on the cross section and this became more intense with increasing number of the pressing. After one pass, subgrain structures with low angle grain boundaries were developed throughout the section but after 4 passes, the microstructure consisted of grains surrounded by high angle boundaries with fraction of ∼70% in the edge parts. The average grain size at the edge parts is refined to ∼1.6 μm.
Author response: DeepFly3D, a deep learning-based approach for 3D limb and appendage tracking in tethered, adult Drosophila (2019)

DeepFly3D, a deep learning-based software, measures limb and appendage movements in tethered, behaving Drosophila and enables precise behavioral measurements during neural recordings, stimulation, and other biological experiments.
Insights into the putative catechin and epicatechin transport across blood-brain barrier (2010)

(i) catechin and epicatechin are capable of crossing the BBB; (ii) a stereoselective process was involved in the passage of these compounds across BBB cells; (iii) these endothelial cells have enzymes capable of metabolizing these compounds.
High harmonic generation in graphene heterostructures: challenge and perspective (2022)

With the advent of novel 2D materials and their rich optical and electronic properties, nonlinear interactions in these systems are receiving great attention due to the scalability potential and production of nanoscale nonlinear devices for applications in frequency conversion devices, advanced laser systems and quantum technologies research and applications.
New bio-inorganic photo-electronic devices based on photosynthetic proteins (2007)

Construction of efficient devices for light energy conversion, including photo-electronic and photovoltaic (PV) devices, is a big challenge for the current science and technology that will have important economic consequences. Most of the modern photovoltaic devices are based on silicon. An innovative approach to the construction of photovoltaic devices is the utilization of biological systems and principles designed for similar purposes by Nature. Biological electronic devices, proteins, have extremely high efficiency, precise spatial organization, and are inexpensive in fabrication. They can be fused with inorganic and organic materials such as conductors, semiconductors, conductive polymers, or quantum dots. The photosynthetic reaction center protein (RC) is one of the most advanced photo-electronic devices developed by Nature. It has nearly 100% quantum yield of primary charge separation, an extremely fast operation time (about 10<sup>-9</sup> s, or operation frequency of ~10<sup>9</sup> Hz), and a very efficient stabilization of separated charges (ratio of charge separation rate to that of charge recombination is about 10<sup>4</sup>). The charge separation and stabilization takes place in a complex of 7 nm size and leads to the formation of a local electric field of about 10<sup>6</sup> V/cm. A coupling of photosynthetic RC to inorganic electrodes is attractive for the identification of the mechanisms of inter-protein electron transfer (ET) and for the possible applications in the construction of protein-based innovative photoelectronic and photovoltaic devices. In this presentation we describe a new type of hybrid bio-inorganic photoelectronic devices based on photosynthetic proteins and inorganic materials. Using genetically engineered bacterial RCs and specifically synthesized organic linkers, we were able to construct self-assembled and aligned protein complexes with various metals and semiconductors, including gold, indium tin oxide (ITO), nanoporous TiO<sub>2</sub>, highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) and carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays. Our results show that photosynthetic protein-inorganic complexes can operate as highly efficient photo- and chemo-sensors, optical switches, photorectifieres, or photovoltaic devices.
Cascaded Raman fibre laser for stable dual-wavelengthoperation (2001)

The authors have demonstrated a stable and tunable dual-wavelength Raman fibre laser, which can be used as a pump source for a hybrid type and gain controlled C- and L-band distributed Raman and lumped erbium-doped fibre amplifier. Intensity and wavelength tuning of the two lasing modes at 1480 nm and 1500 nm are achieved by tuning one and both of the fibre gratings used in the laser cavity, respectively.
PD23-07 INCREASED DETECTION OF HIGHER GRADE PROSTATE CANCER WITH MRI-FUSION PROSTATE BIOPSY AT HIGHER PSA (2018)

index lesion on whole-mount radical prostatectomy specimen was siteconcordant with the MRI lesion in 91.7% (33/36) of the cases.
Optimization of nanoelectronic systems’ reliability under massive defect density using cascadedR-fold modular redundancy (2008)

The theoretical analysis of R-fold modular redundancy, cascaded R-fold modular redundancy and NAND multiplexing is presented and these fault-tolerant techniques are compared in terms of resistance to massive levels of defect density. Optimal cluster size analysis and redundancy optimization of the cascaded R-fold modular redundancy technique has been performed for the first time in the context of a large-scale system. The optimal window of application of each fault-tolerant technique with respect to defect density is presented as a way to find the optimum design trade-off between the reliability and power/area. Building viable systems consisting of components with high defect densities in future nanoscale technologies will have a high cost in power/area, regardless of the fault-tolerant techniques used.
Reconfigurable multi-wavelength optical correlator for header-based switching and routing (2003)

We demonstrate novel reconfigurable optical correlation and header recognition that requires significantly fewer components. We use sampled fiber Bragg gratings as multi-channel delay lines, for which each fiber Bragg grating simultaneously "recognizes" one header bit in each of N WDM channels. A sampled FBG is an FBG that has a superstructure written on top of the grating, for which the Fourier transform produces a reflective time delay that is replicated at equal wavelength spacings to accommodate many WDM channels.
Updated results from MONALEESA-2, a phase 3 trial of first-line ribociclib + letrozole in hormone receptor-positive (HR+), HER2-negative (HER2–), advanced breast cancer (ABC). (2017)

1038 Background: Endocrine therapy (ET) is the basis of first-line (1L) treatment for HR+ ABC. However, ET resistance are almost universal. At the first interim analysis (IA) of MONALEESA-2 (NCT01958021), ribociclib (RIB; cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitor) + letrozole (LET) significantly prolonged progression-free survival (PFS) vs placebo (PBO) + LET in patients (pts) with HR+, HER2– ABC. 1 Here we report updated efficacy and safety data from MONALEESA-2 with a further ~11 months of follow-up. Methods: Postmenopausal women with no prior therapy for ABC were randomized 1:1 toRIB (600 mg/day, 3-weeks-on/1-week-off) + LET(2.5 mg/day, continuous) vs PBO + LET. The primary endpoint was locally assessed PFS. Secondary endpoints include overall survival (OS; key) and safety. OS significance was defined by a p-value threshold of 3.15 x 10 -5 . Tumor assessments were performed every 8 weeks for the first 18 months, and every 12 weeks, thereafter. Results: 668 pts were enrolled (334 in each arm). At the second IA for OS (data cut-off Jan 2, 2017), the median duration of follow-up was 26.4 months; 116 deaths and 345 PFS events had occurred. OS data remain immature, with 15.0% vs 19.8% of pt deaths in the RIB + LET vs PBO + LET arm (HR = 0.746; 95% CI: 0.517–1.078; p= 0.059). Updated PFS analyses confirmed continued treatment benefit in the RIB + LET vs PBO + LET arm. The 24-month PFS rates (RIB + LET vs PBO + LET) were 54.7% vs 35.9%. Treatment benefit was consistent across pt subgroups. The most common Grade 3/4 laboratory abnormalities (≥10% of pts; RIB + LET vs PBO + LET) were decreased neutrophils (62.6% vs 1.5%), decreased leukocytes (36.8% vs 1.5%), decreased lymphocytes (16.2% vs 3.9%), and elevated alanine aminotransferase (11.4% vs 1.2%). Conclusion: After 26+ months of follow-up, treatment benefit with 1LRIB + LET persists in postmenopausal women with HR+, HER2– ABC. The study remains immature for OS analysis. The safety profile of RIB + LET remains manageable. 1. Hortobagyi G, et al. N Engl J Med 2016;375:1738–48. Clinical trial information: NCT01958021.
MARCKS phosphorylation by individual protein kinase C isozymes in insect Sf9 cells. (1996)

Relatively little is known about the substrate specificity of individual protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes, particularly with respect to physiologically relevant substrates. One class of prominent cellular substrates for PKC is represented by the myristoylated alanine-rich C kinase substrate, or MARCKS, protein. In the present study, we have used a baculovirus expression system to coexpress human MARCKS with eight different isozymes of PKC, to determine which isozymes are capable of phosphorylating MARCKS in intact cells. In Sf9 cells, coexpression of MARCKS with individual PKC isozymes led to the following increases in MARCKS phosphorylation: alpha, 3.6-fold; beta iota, 4.6-fold; beta mu, 2.7-fold; gamma, 4.8-fold; delta, 3.0-fold; epsilon, 4.3-fold; and eta, 4.9-fold. In most cases, stimulation of cells with a phorbol ester led to a slight increase (20-30%) in MARCKS phosphorylation. PKC zeta did not phosphorylate MARCKS to any appreciable extent above control. In addition, in vitro kinetic analysis of PKC zeta showed that it has a 1000-fold lower affinity for a synthetic peptide comprising the MARCKS phosphorylation site domain compared to mixed conventional PKC isozymes from rat brain. These data indicate that MARCKS is a substrate in intact cells for at least seven isozymes of PKC: alpha; beta iota; beta mu; gamma; delta; epsilon; and eta. The isozyme PKC zeta does not appear to phosphorylate MARCKS in vivo or with significant affinity in vitro. Thus, PKC zeta, which is not activated by phorbol esters or diacylglycerol, also appears to behave differently with respect to this class of important cellular PKC substrates.
IL-1β-converting enzyme (caspase-1) in intestinal inflammation (2001)

IL-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE; caspase-1) is the intracellular protease that cleaves the precursors of IL-1 beta and IL-18 into active cytokines. In the present study, the effect of ICE deficiency was evaluated during experimental colitis in mice. In acute dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis, ICE-deficient (ICE KO) mice exhibited a greater than 50% decrease of the clinical scores weight loss, diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and colon length, whereas daily treatment with IL-1 receptor antagonist revealed a modest reduction in colitis severity. To further characterize the function of ICE and its role in intestinal inflammation, chronic colitis was induced over a 30-day time period. During this chronic time course, ICE KO mice exhibited a near complete protection, as reflected by significantly reduced clinical scores and almost absent histological signs of colitis. Consistently, colon shortening occurred only in dextran sulfate sodium-exposed wild-type mice but not in ICE KO mice. Protection was accompanied by reduced spontaneous release of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-18, IL-1 beta, and IFN-gamma from total colon cultures. In addition, flow cytometric analysis of isolated mesenteric lymph node cells revealed evidence of reduced cell activation in ICE KO mice as evaluated by surface expression of CD3 CD69 and CD4 CD25. We conclude that inhibition of ICE represents a novel anti-inflammatory strategy for intestinal inflammation.
Decision-Directed Adaptive PDL-Compensation Algorithm for Stokes Vector Receivers (2018)

We propose an adaptive algorithm to compensate polarization-dependent loss (PDL) in the Stokes vector receivers. We numerically confirm that it can stably track both of PDL and random state-of-polarization (SOP) rotation even when the SOP changes very rapidly.
Improved Sulfur Tolerance of SOFCs through Surface Modification of Anodes (2018)

SOFCs are a promising technology for high efficiency power generation with fuel flexibility; however, sulfur, a common contaminant in most hydrocarbon fuels, can cause severe anode degradation. Here we demonstrated that surface modification of Ni-GDC-based SOFC through nanoparticle infiltration drastically reduces the sulfur poisoning effect. Infiltrated SOFCs showed stable performance with sulfur-contaminated fuel for over 290 h, while unmodified SOFCs became inoperative after 60 h. We proposed that the nanosized GDC coating promotes sulfur removal through SO2 formation by increasing the density of reaction sites and providing a ready supply of oxygen to those sites. The significant benefit provided by this electrode treatment is promising for the integration of SOFCs with established fuel compositions.
XAI—Explainable artificial intelligence (2019)

Explainability is essential for users to effectively understand, trust, and manage powerful artificial intelligence applications.