gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient nano-composite layer for highly transparent organic light emitting diodes (2014)

We report highly transparent and low resistive new cathode structures, which basically consist of nano-composite layer/Ag/WO3 for transparent organic light-emitting diode (TOLED) applications. Our new cathode structure exhibits an extremely high transmittance of 91.2% at 550 nm, a low sheet resistance of 5.4 Ω □(-1), and excellent electron injection properties. Such a high transmittance along with a low resistivity of the fabricated new cathode could be explained by surface-modifying behavior with the generation of a nano-composite thin silver oxide layer during Ag deposition. Chemical interaction at the interface between the electron injection layer and the electron transport layer results in good electron injection properties in TOLEDs. The fabricated TOLEDs with our new cathode structures have a full device transmittance of 85-87% at 550 nm.
Generalisation effects of predictive uncertainty estimation in deep learning for digital pathology (2022)

Deep learning (DL) has shown great potential in digital pathology applications. The robustness of a diagnostic DL-based solution is essential for safe clinical deployment. In this work we evaluate if adding uncertainty estimates for DL predictions in digital pathology could result in increased value for the clinical applications, by boosting the general predictive performance or by detecting mispredictions. We compare the effectiveness of model-integrated methods (MC dropout and Deep ensembles) with a model-agnostic approach (Test time augmentation, TTA). Moreover, four uncertainty metrics are compared. Our experiments focus on two domain shift scenarios: a shift to a different medical center and to an underrepresented subtype of cancer. Our results show that uncertainty estimates increase reliability by reducing a model's sensitivity to classification threshold selection as well as by detecting between 70 and 90% of the mispredictions done by the model. Overall, the deep ensembles method achieved the best performance closely followed by TTA.
Design of a Real-Time Traffic Mirroring System (2021)

Network monitoring and analysis is a vital component of network infrastructure reliability, availability, and sustainability. As network bandwidth consumption continues to grow exponentially, real-time traffic data analysis becomes increasingly challenging and expensive. In many cases, monitoring can only be achieved via hardware Test Access Point (TAP) devices. Due to the intrusiveness and inflexibility of deploying such hardware, this approach is intractable in an SDN environment, where network resource allocation programmability is key to network orchestration and deployment. In our prior work we developed a technology to improve VIRTIO port mirroring via network device mirror offloading. In this paper, we extend our mirror offloading work to include a novel mirror tunnel design. Mirror tunneling technology transports traffic from any device capable of supporting a software TAP to a mirror tunnel device that supports mirror hardware offloading. In addition, we develop a mirror controller based upon SR-IOV technology and the kernel netdev interface. With minimal changes required for the traffic source network function, the host system can dynamically reconFigure traffic mirror management settings via pre-existing kernel-based Internet Protocol (IP) management tools.
Fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 interacts with APP and decreases amyloid β production in Alzheimer’s disease (2018)

The deposition of Amyloid-beta peptides (Aβ) is detected at an earlier stage in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. Thus, the approach toward Aβ metabolism is considered to play a critical role in the onset and progression of AD. Mounting evidence suggests that lifestyle-related diseases are closely associated with AD, and exercise is especially linked to the prevention and the delayed progression of AD. We previously showed that exercise is more effective than diet control against Aβ pathology and cognitive deficit in AD mice fed a high-fat diet; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. On the other hand, a report suggested that exercise induced expression of fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5 (FNDC5) in the hippocampus of mice through PGC1α pathway. Thus, in the current study, we investigated a possibility that FNDC5 interacts with amyloid precursor protein (APP) and affects Aβ metabolism. As a result, for the first time ever, we found the interaction between FNDC5 and APP, and forced expression of FNDC5 significantly decreased levels of both Aβ<sub>40</sub> and Aβ<sub>42</sub> secreted in the media. Taken together, our results indicate that FNDC5 significantly affects β-cleavage of APP via the interaction with APP, finally regulating Aβ levels. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which the interaction between APP and FNDC5 may affect Aβ production in an exercise-dependent manner would provide new preventive strategies against the development of AD.
Self-assembly in a mixed polymer brush with inhomogeneous grafting density composition (2013)

While theoretical and numerical studies have shown the possibility of obtaining long-range ordering from the self-assembly of A–B binary mixed brushes similar to diblock copolymer thin films, such ordered patterns are not currently obtainable experimentally. In addition, most experimental observations of mixed brushes show relatively short range order with many defective structures. One explanation for poor microdomain ordering in experimental mixed brushes is a strong correlation between the spatial distribution of the grafting points and the self-assembly. To investigate this relationship in detail, we use self-consistent field theory (SCFT) simulations to study the phase-separated morphologies of melt mixed brushes with spatially varying grafting density compositions. Variations in the grafting density composition are implemented by modulating the grafting chain end distribution function to locally control the ratio of A and B chains attached to the surface, while maintaining uniform total grafting density. Three different types of grafting density composition variations are investigated: a linear ramping of the grafting density composition, deterministic sinusoidal variations, and random fluctuations with various correlation lengths and strengths. The resulting patterns in the micro-phase separated brush are seen to depend sensitively on both the wavelengths and amplitudes of the imposed grafting density fluctuations.
Deactivation Behavior of Supported Gold Palladium Nanoalloy Catalysts during the Selective Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in a Micropacked Bed Reactor (2017)

Highly active, supported Au-Pd catalysts have been tested for catalysing benzyl alcohol oxidation in a silicon-glass micro-packed bed reactor. The effects of Au-Pd composition and anion content during catalyst preparation on catalyst deactivation were studied, and a relationship between the deactivation rate and the amount of Cl- and Au used in the catalyst formulation was found. Whilst Au aids in enhancing the selectivity to the desired product and the Cl- ions help the formation of uniform 1-2 nm nanoparticles, higher amounts of Au and Cl- become detrimental to the catalyst stability once a certain amount is exceeded. Loss of small (1-2 nm) metal nanoparticles was evident in all catalysts studied, accompanied by agglomeration and the formation of larger &gt;10nm particles. A secondary deactivation mechanism characterised by the formation of an amorphous surface film was observed via TEM in catalysts with high Cl- and Au and was confirmed by the detection of carbon species on the catalyst surface using Raman Spectroscopy.
Arterial Wall Shear Stress Measurement In Vivo Using Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (Echo PIV) (2011)

Wall shear stress (WSS) is an important determinant of vascular endothelial function and vascular health. However, the in vivo measurement of WSS is, at present, difficult or impractical to perform. Echo Particle Image Velocimetry (Echo PIV) is a novel ultrasound-based technique capable of measuring detailed blood flow and hemodynamic information with high temporal and excellent spatial resolution. Echo PIV has been validated in vitro but its ability to measure WSS in vivo has not been established. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare WSS obtained by Echo PIV and by phase-contrast MRI in the common carotid artery of human subjects. METHODS: Right common carotid artery blood flow and hemodynamics were determined in 30 healthy volunteers (50.2±12.9 yrs, 17 men) using Echo PIV and MRI on separate occasions. Echo PIV is the method that combines conventional B-mode ultrasound (Sonix RP, Ultrasonix Medical Corporation, Canada), and contrast agent (SonoVue, Bracco Diagnostics, Italy) to generate 2-D velocity vector maps. Data obtained from 7-10 cardiac cycles were ensemble averaged using concurrent ECG, and were processed offline using a custom-designed program. RESULTS: Peak WSS (mean±SD, dyne/cm2) for Echo PIV and for MRI were 13.7±3.4 and 15.3±5.0, respectively. Mean WSS (averaged over the cardiac cycle) was 7.2±1.7 and 8.1±2.8 for Echo PIV and for MRI, respectively. The correlation coefficients between Echo PIV and MRI in peak WSS and mean WSS were 0.71 and 0.76, respectively (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: The association between WSS measured using Echo PIV and MRI was reasonable. Inherent differences between Echo PIV and MRI measurements may account for at least some of the discrepancies between the two methods, e.g. low temporal and spatial resolution of MRI. We conclude that Echo PIV may be a feasible method for the in vivo assessment of WSS in human arteries. Further studies are planned to determine the utility of Echo PIV for measuring WSS in other vascular beds, such as the brachial and femoral arteries. Supported by grants from NSF (CTS-0421461) and NIH (HL 67393 & 072738).
Analysis of linear antenna near dielectric object by CBFM (2012)

Dipole antenna in the vicinity of dielectric object is analyzed by characteristic basis function method (CBFM). Accuracy of numerical analysis is investigated by using different block division for the antenna and dielectric object. It is shown that all antenna segments should be allocated in the same block for calculating input reactance accurately. In addition, it is demonstrated that polarization current in the vicinity of the dipole antenna must be allocated in the block including antenna segments.
Temporal association of CD40 antigen expression with discrete stages of human B-cell ontogeny and the efficacy of anti-CD40 immunotoxins against clonogenic B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia as well as B- lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphoma cells (1990)

Detailed immunophenotypic analyses of immunologically classified leukemias and lymphomas showed that CD40 displays an exquisite B-lineage specificity within the human lymphopoietic system. Notably, 82% of B-lineage chronic lymphocytic leukemias (CLLs), 82% of B-lineage hairy cell leukemias (HCLs), 86% of B-lineage non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs), and 29% of B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALLs) were CD40+. Quantitative analyses of the correlated expression of CD40 and other B-lineage differentiation antigens on fetal lymphoid precursor cells by multiparameter two-color/three-color flow cytometry, combined with analyses of sequential antigen expression on fluorescence-activated cell fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) isolated immunologically distinct fetal B-cell precursor subpopulations during in vitro proliferation and differentiation, provided evidence that the acquisition of CD40 antigen in human B-cell ontogeny occurs subsequent to the expression of CD10 and CD19 antigens but before the surface expression of CD20, CD21, CD22, CD24, and surface immunoglobulin M (sIgM). Some leukemic pro-B cells from ALL patients as well as normal pro-B cell clones from fetal livers displaying germline Ig heavy chain genes were CD40+, indicating that the acquisition of CD40 antigen likely precedes the rearrangement of Ig heavy chain genes. CD40+ FACS-sorted malignant cells from B-lineage ALL as well as B-lineage NHL patients were capable of in vitro clonogenic growth, indicating the CD40 antigen is expressed on clonogenic leukemia and lymphoma cells. This hypothesis was confirmed by the ability of an anti-CD40 immunotoxin that we used as an antigen-specific cytotoxic probe to effectively kill clonogenic B-lineage ALL and NHL cells.
High-Power GaN-Based Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers with AlInN/GaN Distributed Bragg Reflectors (2019)

High-efficiency and high-power operation have been demonstrated for blue GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) with AlInN/GaN distributed Bragg reflectors. The high-efficiency performance was achieved by introducing a novel SiO2-buried lateral index guide and adjusting the front mirror reflectivity. Lateral optical confinement has been shown to greatly lower the otherwise significant loss of transverse radiation exhibited by typical VCSELs based on GaN. Employing a long (10λ) cavity can also enhance the output power, by lowering the thermal resistance of the VCSEL and increasing the operating current associated with thermal rollover. This modification, in conjunction with optimized front mirror reflectivity and a buried SiO2 lateral index guide, results in a blue VCSEL (in the continuous wave mode with an 8 μm aperture at 20 °C) having a superior differential quantum efficiency value of 31% and an enhanced 15.7 mW output power. This unit also exhibits a relatively high output power of 2.7 mW at temperatures as high as 110 °C. Finally, a 5.5 μm aperture VCSEL was found to generate a narrow divergence (5.1°) single-lobe far field pattern when operating at an output power of approximately 5 mW.
10-Gb/s PMD compensation following a recirculating fiber loop (2001)

Summary form only given. Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) has emerged as a critical issue for the deployment of high bit-rate systems over the installed fiber infrastructure. PMD is unique because it is a stochastic, dynamically changing process. Extensive research efforts have been made on PMD compensation in recent years. Reported experiments of PMD compensation are using either PMD emulators or in-ground fiber links to generate PMD. However, lumped PMD emulators cannot correctly taken into account the combined effect of fiber nonlinearity and PMD, while field trials lack flexibility for research. Because the chaotic behavior of PMD can vary from fiber to fiber, ensuring that a specific field-trial result will be applicable for different links is problematic. In this paper, PMD compensation following a 10-Gb/s, 8 /spl times/ 82-km recirculating fiber loop is demonstrated. We use a simple PMD compensator comprised of a polarization controller followed by a polarization-maintaining fiber with 42-ps differential group delay. For this system, with an average PMD of 27 ps, the bit-error-rate (BER) distribution tail at 5% probability can be reduced from 10/sup -6/ to 10/sup -8/ after PMD compensation, with the received power fixed at the level corresponding to a 10/sup -9/ BER without PMD.
An analysis of coal-liquefaction reactions by using the characterization chart. (1986)

A coal-liquefaction reaction was analysed by using the characterization chart and the following results were obtained.1) A relationship between the aromaticity, fa, and the corrected atomic H/C ratio, (H/C) c, for coal-derived products agrees with that for various coals themselves. This fact suggests that the skelton structure of carbon-hydrogen for coal-derived products would be similar to these for coals. Hence it can be said that the deoxygenation reaction is one of important processes during the coal-liquefaction.2) It is shown that a coal consists of components whose reactivities change continuously and the thermal cracking to radicals takes place from the components with higher reactivity. The radicals are stabilized by hydrogen offered from a donor-solvent to produce preasphaltenes, asphaltenes and oils. Because of the unreacted-coal, the preasphaltenes and the asphaltenes are consecutively converted to give oils finally, oil yield increases with the increase of reaction time.On the other hand, the components with low reactivity remain in the unreacted coal, preasphaltenes and asphaltenes, and some of them do not produce radicals, even if the reaction conditions become more severe. The amount of these components is considered as unconvertible, and it is possible to make a rate equation where the coal liquefaction is correlated with the first-order irreversible reaction including the fractional ratio of unconvertibles.
Effect of Free Lime on Disintegration of LD Slags (1977)

The determination of free lime in LD and synthetic slags was done gravimetrically by carbonating free lime under the stream of carbon dioxide and water vapor. The results obtained by this gravimetric method were discussed and compared with those of the chemical wet method, i. e. by use of the tribromophenol extraction-atomic absorption spectrum method. Disintegration by the autoclave expansion test was found to be closely related to the free lime concentration, and LD and synthetic slags containing more than 1wt% free lime were found to disintegrate. Mineralogical studies of LD, synthetic and remelted LD slags were carried out in focus of the free lime phase by means of microscopic and EPMA examinations. From these, the free lime phase containing FeO, MnO, and MgO was microscopically found to be hydrated under the atmospheric condition. Free lime grains present in LD slags were clustering, surrounded by the dicalcium silicate phase, but these were dispersed homogeneously after remelting in air. Free magnesia containing FeO, MnO, and CaO was observed in LD slags containing about 10wt% magnesia. This magnesia phase was neither hydrated in microscopic examinations nor disintegrated by the autoclave expansion test.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Radical Chain Reaction of Xanthic Anhydrides. Further Observations on the Intermediacy of Alkoxythiocarbonyl Radicals in the Barton‐McCombie Reaction. (1990)

Abstract Thermolytic or photolytic cleavage of the xanthic anhydrides (I) gives the dithiocarbonates (II) via radicalic intermediates.
NMR Field Probes for MRI at 9.4 T (2013)

One main issue in MRI are inh o- mogeneities in the magnetic field, temporal drifts or imperfections in the gradients. Magne t- ic field probes can be used for measuring (and eventually compensating for) these effects . Here, we present a susceptibility matched transmit/receive NMR field probe that is built based on the work of Barmet et al. (1). Its characteristics are then examined in order to explore possible future applications .
Emerging Use of CRISPR Technology — Chasing the Elusive HIV Cure (2019)

A new form of gene therapy termed genetic editing or gene targeting has become possible owing to advances in genetic engineering technology.1 The intent of genetic editing is to alter the DNA code in cells with single base-pair specificity, and thus it can be considered to be an ultimate form of precision therapy. For the past two decades, genome editing has been a powerful tool for basic science research. The importance of genome editing as a research tool was recognized in 2007 by the award of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Smithies, Capecchi, and Evans. Until recently, . . .
Robust, precise, and calibration-free shape acquisition with an off-the-shelf camera and projector (2018)

Recently, three-dimensional (3D) shape acquisition systems composed of simple commercial devices have received significant attention from both professional and nonprofessional users. In this work, we propose a flexible projector-camera system that can accurately acquire whole shapes of 3D objects without requiring any special calibrations. The proposed system is based on structured-light and Structure-from-Motion (SfM) techniques that use coded patterns as dense discriminative features instead of the local features popularly used in SfM. To this end, recordings of coded patterns are inserted by moving the camera (to capture image data from multiple camera view points) and projection of the patterns by moving the projector. The proposed system can accurately recover even texture-less objects owing to the advantages of both SfM and structured-light. We demonstrate the benefits of this system by several experiments using real data and compare it to current methods.
Transcriptional and post‐transcriptional processes regulate gene expression in oxygen‐deprived roots of maize (1998)

To investigate the regulation of gene expression in maize ( Zea mays L.) in response to oxygen deprivation (flooding), we quantitated run-on transcription in isolated nuclei, steady-state mRNA accumulation and mRNA loading with ribosomes for seven genes that encode proteins synthesized predominantly in oxygen-deprived roots (anaerobic polypeptides) and seven genes that encode proteins synthesized in aerobic roots (aerobic polypeptides). Run-on transcription of anaerobic polypeptide genes was induced in response to oxygen deprivation and run-on transcription of the aerobic polypeptide genes continued during the stress treatment. The increased accumulation of mRNAs that encode anaerobic polypeptides occurred concomitant with the induction of gene transcription and efficient association of these mRNAs with large polysomes. The steady-state accumulation of aerobic polypeptide mRNAs was within twofold of aerobic levels and in a number of cases fewer ribosomes were loaded per transcript. These results demonstrate that selected synthesis of anaerobic polypeptides involves transcriptional as well as significant post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. The repression of synthesis of many aerobic polypeptides occurs without interruption of gene transcription and is due to translational regulation and possibly the sequestration of mRNAs on mRNPs. Ribosome loading patterns indicated that this translational control occurs at both initiation and post-initiation phases in a message-specific manner.
Anticancer prodrugs of butyric acid and formaldehyde protect against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (2007)

Formaldehyde has been previously shown to play a dominant role in promoting synergy between doxorubicin (Dox) and formaldehyde-releasing butyric acid (BA) prodrugs in killing cancer cells. In this work, we report that these prodrugs also protect neonatal rat cardiomyocytes and adult mice against toxicity elicited by Dox. In cardiomyocytes treated with Dox, the formaldehyde releasing prodrugs butyroyloxymethyl diethylphosphate (AN-7) and butyroyloxymethyl butyrate (AN-1), but not the corresponding acetaldehyde-releasing butyroyloxydiethyl phosphate (AN-88) or butyroyloxyethyl butyrate (AN-11), reduced lactate dehydrogenase leakage, prevented loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsim) and attenuated upregulation of the proapoptotic gene Bax. In Dox-treated mice, AN-7 but not AN-88 attenuated weight-loss and mortality, and increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase. These findings show that BA prodrugs that release formaldehyde and augment Dox anticancer activity also protect against Dox cardiotoxicity. Based on these observations, clinical applications of these prodrugs for patients treated with Dox warrant further investigation.