gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Leo1 Subunit of the Yeast Paf1 Complex Binds RNA and Contributes to Complex Recruitment* (2010)

The Paf1 complex (Paf1C) affects RNA polymerase II transcription by coordinating co-transcriptional chromatin modifications and helping recruit mRNA 3' end processing factors. Paf1C cross-links to transcribed genes, but not downstream of the cleavage and polyadenylation site, suggesting that it may interact with the nascent mRNA. Paf1C purified from Saccharomyces cerevisiae binds RNA in vitro, as do the purified Leo1 and Rtf1 subunits of the complex. In vivo cross-linking and immunoprecipitation of RNA associated with Paf1C (RNA-IP) show that Leo1, but not Rtf1, is necessary for the complex to bind RNA. Cells lacking Leo1 have reduced Paf1C recruitment as well as decreased levels of histone H3 and trimethylated H3 Lys(4) within transcribed chromatin. Together, these results suggest that association of Paf1C with RNA stabilizes its localization at actively transcribed regions where it influences chromatin structure.
Frontal and Parietal Lobe Activation during Transitive Inference in Humans (2002)

Cortical areas engaged in knowledge manipulation during reasoning were identified with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) while participants performed transitive inference (TI) on an ordered list of 11 items (e.g. if A < B and B < C, then A < C). Initially, participants learned a list of arbitrarily ordered visual shapes. Learning occurred by exposure to pairs of list items that were adjacent in the sequence. Subsequently, functional MR images were acquired as participants performed TI on non-adjacent sequence items. Control tasks consisted of height comparisons (HT) and passive viewing (VIS). Comparison of the TI task with the HT task identified activation resulting from TI, termed 'reasoning', while controlling for rule application, decision processes, perception, and movement, collectively termed 'support processes'. The HT-VIS comparison revealed activation related to support processes. The TI reasoning network included bilateral prefrontal cortex (PFC), pre-supplementary motor area (preSMA), premotor area (PMA), insula, precuneus, and lateral posterior parietal cortex. By contrast, cortical regions activated by support processes included the bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), primary motor cortex (M1), somatic sensory cortices, and right PMA. These results emphasize the role of a prefrontal-parietal network in manipulating information to form new knowledge based on familiar facts. The findings also demonstrate PFC activation beyond short-term memory to include mental operations associated with reasoning.
An efficient algorithm for simulating error vector magnitude in nonlinear OFDM amplifiers (2004)

We have developed an algorithm for evaluating the error vector magnitude (EVM) from the single-tone distortion of power amplifiers in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The developed formulas allow us to simulate EVM using only the single-tone response i.e. without modulation and demodulation; this enables us to easily calculate the EVM using a standard harmonic-balance (HB) simulator. This simulation scheme reduces the processing time by a factor of ten compared with conventional system-level (SL) simulation. The EVM obtained using this scheme agreed well with the results of SL simulation (0.6% error).
Estimation of Fano factor in inorganic scintillators from time correlations (2015)

For a given energy deposited, the Fano factor of a scintillator is defined as the ratio of the variance of the number of scintillation photons to the mean number of scintillation photons. Correlations in time between the signals from two photomultiplier tubes collecting light from the same scintillation event were used to estimate the Fano factor of scintillators. At 662 KeV, LaBr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> :Ce was found to be sub-Poisson, while YAP:Ce was found to be close to Poisson.
Concordant memory-array design: an integrated statistical approach for high quality gigabit-DRAM design (2005)

A concordant memory-array design incorporates device fluctuation statistically into the signal-to-noise ratio analysis in DRAM and represents the failed bits in a chip. The proposed technique gives us a quantitative evaluation of the memory array and assures the operation of the 1.4 V array of a 100 nm - 1 Gb DRAM. The calculated dependence of failed bit counts on the array voltage is in good agreement with the experimental results of a 512 Mbit DRAM chip.
A Wireless Sensor Network for Structural Monitoring (2004)

Structural monitoring---the collection and analysis of structural response to ambient or forced excitation--is an important application of networked embedded sensing with significant commercial potential. The first generation of sensor networks for structural monitoring are likely to be data acquisition systems that collect data at a single node for centralized processing. In this paper, we discuss the design and evaluation of a wireless sensor network system (called Wisden) for structural data acquisition. Wisden incorporates two novel mechanisms, reliable data transport using a hybrid of end-to-end and hop-by-hop recovery, and low-overhead data time-stamping that does not require global clock synchronization. We also study the applicability of wavelet-based compression techniques to overcome the bandwidth limitations imposed by lowpower wireless radios. We describe our implementation of these mechanisms on the Mica-2 motes and evaluate the performance of our implementation. We also report experiences from deploying Wisden on a large structure.
High-speed charge transfer pinned-photodiode for a CMOS time-of-flight range image sensor (2010)

This paper presents a structure and method of range calculation for CMOS time-of-flight(TOF) range image sensors using pinned photodiodes. In the proposed method, a LED light with short pulse width and small duty ratio irradiates the objects and a back-reflected light is received by the CMOS TOF range imager.Each pixel has a pinned photodiode optimized for high speed charge transfer and unwanted charge draining. In TOF range image sensors, high speed charge transfer from the light receiving part to a charge accumulator is essential.It was found that the fastest charge transfer can be realized when the lateral electric field along the axis of charge transfer is constant and this conditon is met when the shape of the diode exactly follows the relationship between the fully-depleted potential and width. A TOF range imager prototype is designed and implemented with 0.18um CMOS image sensor technology with pinned photodiode 4transistor(T) pixels. The measurement results show that the charge transfer time is a few ns from the pinned photodiode to a charge accumulator.
God, souls, and Turing: in defense of the theological objection to the Turing test (2010)

Purpose It is widely known that when Turing first introduced his “imitation‐game” test for ascertaining whether a computing machine can think, he considered, and found wanting, a series of objections to his position. It seems safe to say that one of these objections, the “theological objection” (TO), is regarded by Turing to be positively anemic, and that ever since he delivered his rapid (purported!) refutation over half a century ago, the received view has been that, indeed, this objection is as weak as can be. The purpose of this paper is to show that TO is not the pushover Turing, and others since, take it to be. Design/methodology/approach The paper is devoted to the TO within the Turing test (TT) and to Turing's reply to this objection. Findings The paper reaches the conclusion that Turing's response to TO fails. Originality/value This paper is a defense of the TO to the TT.
Dissociation of tetrameric ions of noncovalent streptavidin complexes formed by electrospray ionization (1995)

The noncovalent tetrameric association of the protein streptavidin formed by electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry has been observed intact and dissociated in the gas phase. An extended mass-to-charge ratio range quadrupole mass spectrometer was employed to examine the effects of harsher conditions in the ESI atmosphere-vacuum interface region on the streptavidin tetramer. Thermally induced dissociation caused the mass spectra to exhibit a series of complementary monomer and trimer ions that correspond to decomposition of the tetrameric species. Similar results were obtained with tandem mass spectrometric experiments on a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer by application of sustained off-resonance irradiation (SORI) on a selected tetrameric charge state. The technique of single-frequency quadrupole excitation was used to accomplish selected-ion accumulation of the 14 + charge state of the tetramer during ion injection. Subsequent low energy SORI combined with broadband quadrupole cooling produced the 7 + monomer and 7 + trimer species, as well as the 6 + monomer and 8 + trimer complementary ions. The observed asymmetric breakup of the tetramer is qualitatively explained by using physical models.
Biosynthesis of allantoin in Escherichia coli via screening a highly effective urate oxidase (2022)

Allantoin is an important fine chemical that can be widely used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic and agricultural industries. Currently, allantoin is mainly produced by plant extraction or chemical synthesis. Due to the cost and environmental concerns, biosynthesis of allantoin from renewable feedstock is much more desirable. However, microbial production of allantoin from simple carbon sources has not yet been achieved so far. In this study, de novo biosynthesis of allantoin was achieved by constructing an artificial biosynthetic pathway. First, screening of efficient urate oxidases and xanthine dehydrogenases enabled allantoin production from hypoxanthine, a natural intermediate in purine metabolic pathway in Escherichia coli. Then, assemble of the entire pathway resulted in 13.9 mg/L allantoin from glucose in shake flask experiments. The titer was further improved to 639.8 mg/L by enhancing the supply of the precursor, redistribution of carbon flux, and reduction of acetate. Finally, scale-up production of allantoin was conducted in a 1-L fermentor under fed-batch culture conditions, which enabled the synthesis of 2360 mg/L allantoin, representing a 170-fold increase compared with the initial strain. This study not only demonstrates the potential for industrial production of allantoin, but also provides a bacterial platform for synthesis of other purines-derived high-value chemicals.
Building Statistical Proxy Models for CO2 Geologic Sequestration (2014)

We compare two approaches for building a statistical proxy model (metamodel) for CO2 geologic sequestration from the results of full-physics compositional simulations. The first approach involves a classical Box-Behnken experimental design with a quadratic polynomial response surface. The second approach used a space-filling maxmin Latin Hypercube sampling design with the choice of four different meta-modeling techniques: quadratic polynomial, kriging, multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS) and additivity and variance stabilization (AVAS). Simulations results for CO2 injection into a reservoir-caprock system with 9 design variables (and 97 samples) were used to generate the data for developing the proxy models. The fitted models were validated with an independent data set for three different performance metrics: total storage efficiency, CO2 plume radius and average reservoir pressure. The Box-Behnken–quadratic polynomial metamodel performed the best, followed closely by the maximin LHS–kriging metamodel.
Systems-pharmacology dissection of a drug synergy in imatinib-resistant CML (2012)

Occurrence of the BCR-ABL[superscript T315I] gatekeeper mutation is among the most pressing challenges in the therapy of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). Several BCR-ABL inhibitors have multiple targets and pleiotropic effects that could be exploited for their synergistic potential. Testing combinations of such kinase inhibitors identified a strong synergy between danusertib and bosutinib that exclusively affected CML cells harboring BCR-ABL[superscript T315I]. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we applied a systems-level approach comprising phosphoproteomics, transcriptomics and chemical proteomics. Data integration revealed that both compounds targeted Mapk pathways downstream of BCR-ABL, resulting in impaired activity of c-Myc. Using pharmacological validation, we assessed that the relative contributions of danusertib and bosutinib could be mimicked individually by Mapk inhibitors and collectively by downregulation of c-Myc through Brd4 inhibition. Thus, integration of genome- and proteome-wide technologies enabled the elucidation of the mechanism by which a new drug synergy targets the dependency of BCR-ABL[superscript T315I] CML cells on c-Myc through nonobvious off targets.
The feasibility of using poroelastographic techniques for distinguishing between normal and lymphedematous tissuesin vivo (2007)

Lymphedema is a common condition involving an abnormal accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial space that causes swelling, most often in the arm(s) and leg(s). Lymphedema is a significant lifelong concern that can be congenital or develop following cancer treatment or cancer metastasis. Common methods of evaluation of lymphedema are mostly qualitative making it difficult to reliably assess the severity of the disease, a key factor in choosing the appropriate treatment. In this paper, we investigate the feasibility of using novel elastographic techniques to differentiate between lymphedematous and normal tissues. This study represents the first step of a larger study aimed at investigating the combined use of elastographic and sonographic techniques for the detection and staging of lymphedema. In this preliminary study, poroelastographic images were generated from the leg (8) and arm (4) subcutis of five normal volunteers and seven volunteers having lymphedema, and the results were compared using statistical analyses. The preliminary results reported in this paper suggest that it may be feasible to perform poroelastography in different lymphedematous tissues in vivo and that poroelastography techniques may be of help in differentiating between normal and lymphedematous tissues.
Augmentation of Pedicle Screws Using Bone Grafting in Patients with Spinal Osteoporosis (2021)

The aim of the study was to develop a new method of vertebral augmentation based on autologous and allogeneic bone chips to be used in pedicle screw fixation and to compare this method with the technique based on polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA).
Morphological studies on machined implants of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6A14V). (2009)

Morphological studies on machined implants of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6A14V).
Electron Microscopy Informed Catalyst Design (2019)

Journal Article Electron Microscopy Informed Catalyst Design Get access Christopher J Kiely, Christopher J Kiely Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USACardiff Catalysis Institute, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, UK Corresponding author: chk5@lehigh.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Li Lu, Li Lu Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sultan Althahban, Sultan Althahban Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA 18015, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Qian He, Qian He Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Graham J Hutchings Graham J Hutchings Cardiff Catalysis Institute, Department of Chemistry, Cardiff University, UK Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Microscopy and Microanalysis, Volume 25, Issue S2, 1 August 2019, Pages 2282–2283, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927619012145 Published: 01 August 2019
Lightning Occurrence and Casualties in U.S. National Parks (2021)

Abstract National park visitors travel primarily to view natural features while outdoors; however, visits often occur in warmer months when lightning is present. This study uses cloud-to-ground flashes from 1999 to 2018 and cloud-to-ground strokes from 2009 to 2018 from the National Lightning Detection Network to identify lightning at the 46 contiguous United States national parks larger than 100 km 2 . The largest density is 6.10 flashes per kilometer squared per year within Florida’s Everglades, and the smallest is near zero in Pinnacles National Park. The six most-visited parks are Great Smoky Mountains, Grand Canyon, Rocky Mountain, Zion, Yosemite, and Yellowstone. For each of these parks, lightning data are described by frequency and location as well as time of year and day. The four parks west of the Continental Divide have most lightning from 1 July to 15 September and from 1100 to 1900 LST. Each park has its own spatial lightning pattern that is dependent on local topography. Deaths and injuries from lightning within national parks have the same summer afternoon dominance shown by lightning data. Most casualties occur to people visiting from outside the parks’ states. The most common activities and locations are mountain climbing, hiking, and viewing canyons from overlooks. Lightning fatality risk, the product of areal visitor and CG flash densities, shows that many casualties are not in parks with high risk, while very small risk indicates parks where lightning awareness efforts can be minimized. As a result, safety advice should focus on specific locations such as canyon rims, mountains, and exposed high-altitude roads where lightning-vulnerable activities are engaged in by many visitors.
PHF3 expression is frequently reduced in glioma (2001)

Glioblastoma is the most frequent brain tumor and accounts for approximately 50--60% of all astrocytic tumors. Many chromosome alterations have been described in glioblastoma, but only for a few alterations were the genes identified and linked to genetic pathways in glioblastoma development. To contribute to the identification of novel genes involved in glioblastoma development we used a combined immunological and molecular screening approach. Here we report the identification and expression analysis of a novel gene from human chromosome 6q12 that is considered to be the third member of a family of PHD finger containing genes and is termed PHF3. PHF3 is ubiquitously expressed in normal tissues including brain, but its expression is significantly reduced or lost in glioblastoma, glioblastoma cell lines, anaplastic astrocytomas and astrocytomas. The PHF3 protein sequence contains several protein motifs frequently found in transcription factors. One of those motifs is a PHD finger, also termed LAP motif and known to bind large portions of DNA. Another region of the protein revealed a high homology to the transcription factor TFIIS, especially to a region that is necessary for the Polymerase II binding properties of TFIIS. Combining these results, PHF3 is a novel member of a large class of regulatory proteins containing a LAP motif, and loss of its expression in glioblastoma may contribute to glioma development.
Closed Form Solution for Minimum Conduction Loss Modulation of DAB Converters (2011)

An optimal modulation scheme that enables minimum conduction and copper losses is presented for a bidirectional dual active bridge (DAB) dc-dc converter. The considered converter system is employed for an automotive application and comprises of a high voltage (HV) port with port voltage <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , 240V ≤ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> ≤ 450 V, and a low voltage (LV) port with port voltage <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , 11 V ≤ <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ≤ 16 V; the rated output power is 2 kW. The closed-form expressions for the optimal control parameters are derived and implementation details are presented in order to facilitate the direct application to a given DAB converter. The paper further details the properties of the presented modulation scheme with respect to switching losses. Experimental results confirm a considerable increase of the converter efficiency achieved with the proposed optimal modulation scheme, compared to the efficiency obtained with conventional phase shift modulation. The efficiency increase is most distinct at <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> =450V and <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">V</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> = 11V with an increase from 78.6% to 90.6% at 1 kW output power and from 85.9% to 90.7% at rated output power as compared to conventional phase shift modulation.
Fatigue Strength Estimation of Cyclic Hardening Materials under Constant Mean Stress Condition (2004)

The fatigue strength of cyclic hardening materials under constant mean stress condition increase when the maximum stress becomes larger than the yield stress and cannot be estimated accurately based on the fatigue limit / strength estimation method proposed previously (e.g. Modified Goodman's curve). In this paper, the fatigue tests of SUS316NG and SM400 steels as cyclic hardening materials are carried out under constant mean stress condition and the relationships between fatigue strength and failure life are obtained. From the test results, it is shown that the difference between modified Goodman's estimation and fatigue test result changes linearly with the increase of maximum stress. Then, the approximate equation for the relationship between the difference and maximum stress is derived. By using the approximate equation for evaluating the difference and the results of modified Goodman's estimation, it is shown that the fatigue strength of cyclic hardening material under constant mean stress condition can be estimated with practically sufficient accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: CHARACTERIZATION OF THE THERMAL DEHYDRATION OF ZIRCONIUM OXIDE HALIDE OCTAHYDRATES (1974)

Abstract Die Verbindungen ZrOX2°C 8 H 2 O (X: Cl, Br) werden stufenweise unter Bildung der Hexa‐ und Tetrahydrate zu ZrO 2 (bei 700°C) dehydratisiert.
Method for displaying field of brain of patient during brain surgery involves determining output image from analysis image values and displaying output image (2008)

NOVELTY - The display method involves evaluating the sequence of images by: associating a first analysis image value to pixels in the first sequence of images to which pixels of same locations of the field (11) are imaged, respectively; associating a second analysis image value to pixels in the second sequence of images to which pixels of the same locations of the field are imaged, respectively. An output image is determined from the first and the second analysis image values and displayed.