gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of the Anionic Zinc-Adeninate Metal–Organic Framework Structure on the Luminescent Detection of Rare Earth Ions in Aqueous Streams (2021)

Rare earth elements (REEs) are critical to numerous technologies; however, a combination of increasing demand, environmental concerns, and monopolistic marketplace conditions has spurred interest in boosting the domestic REE production from sources such as coal utilization byproducts. The economic viability of this approach requires rapid, inexpensive, and sensitive analytical techniques capable of characterizing the REE content during resource exploration and downstream REE processing (e.g., analyzing REE separation, concentration, and purification production steps). Luminescence-based sensors are attractive because many REEs may be sensitized to produce element-specific emission. Hence, a single material may simultaneously detect and distinguish multiple REEs. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can sensitize multiple REEs, but their viability has been hindered by sensitivity and selectivity challenges. Understanding how the MOF structure impacts the REE sensing efficacy is critical to the rational design of new sensors. Here, we evaluate the sensing performance of seven different anionic zinc-adeninate MOFs with different organic linkers and/or structures for the visible-emitting REEs Tb, Dy, Sm, and Eu. The choice of a linker determines which REEs are sensitized and significantly influences their sensitivity and selectivity against competing species (here, Fe(II) and HCl). For a given linker, structural changes to the MOF can further fine-tune the performance. The MOFs produce some of the lowest detection limits (sub-10 ppb for Tb) reported for the aqueous sensitization-based REE detection. Importantly, the most selective MOFs demonstrated the ability to sensitize the REE signal at sub-ppm levels in a REE-spiked acid mine drainage matrix, highlighting their potential for use in real-world sensing applications.
Genetic factors associated with prostate cancer conversion from active surveillance to treatment (2021)

Men diagnosed with low-risk prostate cancer (PC) are increasingly electing active surveillance (AS) as their initial management strategy. While this may reduce the side effects of treatment for prostate cancer, many men on AS eventually convert to active treatment. PC is one of the most heritable cancers, and genetic factors that predispose to aggressive tumors may help distinguish men who are more likely to discontinue AS. To investigate this, we undertook a multi-institutional genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 5,222 PC patients and 1,139 other patients from replication cohorts, all of whom initially elected AS and were followed over time for the potential outcome of conversion from AS to active treatment. In the GWAS we detected 18 variants associated with conversion, 15 of which were not previously associated with PC risk. With a transcriptome-wide association study (TWAS), we found two genes associated with conversion (<i>MAST3</i>, p = 6.9×10<sup>-7</sup> and <i>GAB2</i>, p = 2.0×10<sup>-6</sup>). Moreover, increasing values of a previously validated 269-variant genetic risk score (GRS) for PC was positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the highest to the two middle deciles gave a hazard ratio [HR] = 1.13; 95% Confidence Interval [CI]= 0.94-1.36); whereas, decreasing values of a 36-variant GRS for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels were positively associated with conversion (e.g., comparing the lowest to the two middle deciles gave a HR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.04-1.50). These results suggest that germline genetics may help inform and individualize the decision of AS-or the intensity of monitoring on AS-<i>versus</i> treatment for the initial management of patients with low-risk PC.
Is a Liver Biopsy Necessary? Investigation of a Suspected Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Pictorial Essay of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and the Revised American Association for the Study of Liver Disease Criteria (2011)

Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Division of Gastroenterology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Radiology, Vancouver General Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada BC Hepatitis Program, Gordon and Leslie Diamond Health Care Centre, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Department of Radiology, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA Interventional Radiology Section, Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
Evaluation of chondrogenesis within PEGT: PBT scaffolds with high PEG content (2006)

Porous poly(ethylene glycol) terephthalate:poly (butylene terephthalate) (PEGT:PBT) scaffolds with high PEG molecular weight (1000 g/mole) and PEGT content (60%) were fabricated using two different processes-paraffin templating and compression molding-for cartilage engineering applications. This polymer composition has previously been shown to enable chondrocyte adhesion and maintain differentiated phenotype in 2D monolayer culture. The influence of 3D polymer scaffold processing on the formation of cartilaginous tissue was studied by seeding primary immature bovine chondrocytes within cylindrical scaffolds in mixed flask reactors for 3 days, followed by cultivation in culture plates for a total of 10 or 24 days. Tissue-polymer constructs were evaluated morphologically by SEM and histology, and quantitatively for cellularity, total collagen, and glycosaminoglycan content, all of which remained statistically equivalent for each time point tested, irrespective of fabrication method. These data demonstrate that the polymers engineered for this study were able to support chondrogenesis independent of scaffold fabrication process, with the influence of pore architecture lessened by the highly hydrated scaffold microenvironments induced by high PEG content.
3DJPi: An Open-Source Web-Based 3D Simulator for Pololu's 3Pi Platform (2019)

Line-following robots can recognize and follow a line drawn on a surface. Their operating principles have elements that could be used in the development of numerous autonomous technologies, with applications in education and industry. This class of robots usually represent the first contact students have with educational robotics, being used to develop students' logic thinking and programming skills. The cost of robotic platforms is still prohibitive in low-budget schools and universities, which makes almost impossible having a platform for each small group of students in a classroom, harming the learning process. This work proposes a 3D web-based open-source simulator for Pololu's 3Pi line-following robots, making such technology more accessible and available even for distance learning courses. The developed software simulates the robot's physical structure, behavior, and operations - as being able to read surfaces -, enabling the user to observe the robot following the line as the code commands. The simulator was validated based on experiments that included motion analysis and time measurements of pre-stablished tasks so that its execution could be more coherently based on what happens in reality.
Prevention of Asthma Exacerbation in a Mouse Model by Simultaneous Inhibition of NF-κB and STAT6 Activation Using a Chimeric Decoy Strategy (2017)

Transactivation of inflammatory and immune mediators in asthma is tightly regulated by nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6). Therefore, we investigated the efficacy of simultaneous inhibition of NF-κB and STAT6 using a chimeric decoy strategy to prevent asthma exacerbation. The effects of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides were evaluated using an ovalbumin-induced mouse asthma model. Ovalbumin-sensitized mice received intratracheal administration of decoy oligodeoxynucleotides 3 days before ovalbumin challenge. Fluorescent-dye-labeled decoy oligodeoxynucleotides could be detected in lymphocytes and macrophages in the lung, and activation of NF-κB and STAT6 was inhibited by chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotide transfer. Consequently, treatment with chimeric or NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides protected against methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness, whereas the effect of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides was significantly greater than that of NF-κB decoy oligodeoxynucleotides. Treatment with chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides suppressed airway inflammation through inhibition of overexpression of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, and IL-13 and inflammatory infiltrates. Histamine levels in the lung were reduced via suppression of mast cell accumulation. A significant reduction in mucin secretion was observed due to suppression of MUC5AC gene expression. Interestingly, the inhibitory effects on IL-5, IL-13, and histamine secretion were achieved by transfer of chimeric decoy oligodeoxynucleotides only. This novel therapeutic approach could be useful to treat patients with various types of asthma.
The chromatin remodeler RSF1 controls centromeric histone modifications to coordinate chromosome segregation (2018)

Chromatin remodelers regulate the nucleosome barrier during transcription, DNA replication, and DNA repair. The chromatin remodeler RSF1 is enriched at mitotic centromeres, but the functional consequences of this enrichment are not completely understood. Shugoshin (Sgo1) protects centromeric cohesion during mitosis and requires BuB1-dependent histone H2A phosphorylation (H2A-pT120) for localization. Loss of Sgo1 at centromeres causes chromosome missegregation. Here, we show that RSF1 regulates Sgo1 localization to centromeres through coordinating a crosstalk between histone acetylation and phosphorylation. RSF1 interacts with and recruits HDAC1 to centromeres, where it counteracts TIP60-mediated acetylation of H2A at K118. This deacetylation is required for the accumulation of H2A-pT120 and Sgo1 deposition, as H2A-K118 acetylation suppresses H2A-T120 phosphorylation by Bub1. Centromeric tethering of HDAC1 prevents premature chromatid separation in RSF1 knockout cells. Our results indicate that RSF1 regulates the dynamics of H2A histone modifications at mitotic centromeres and contributes to the maintenance of chromosome stability.
Focused Ultrasound Treatment of a Spheroid In Vitro Tumour Model (2022)

Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a non-invasive technique producing a variety of biological effects by either thermal or mechanical mechanisms of ultrasound interaction with the targeted tissue. FUS could bring benefits, e.g., tumour sensitisation, immune stimulation, and targeted drug delivery, but investigation of FUS effects at the cellular level is still missing. New techniques are commonly tested in vitro on two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cancer cell culture models. The 3D tumour model-spheroid-is mainly utilised to mimic solid tumours from an architectural standpoint. It is a promising method to simulate the characteristics of tumours in vitro and their various responses to therapeutic alternatives. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of FUS on human prostate and glioblastoma cancer tumour spheroids in vitro. The experimental follow-up enclosed the measurements of spheroid integrity and growth kinetics, DNA damage, and cellular metabolic activity by measuring intracellular ATP content in the spheroids. Our results showed that pulsed FUS treatment induced molecular effects in 3D tumour models. With the disruption of the spheroid integrity, we observed an increase in DNA double-strand breaks, leading to damage in the cancer cells depending on the cancer cell type.
Review on Selection and Experiment Method of Commonly Studied Simulated Radionuclides in Researches of Nuclear Waste Solidification (2020)

Although many types of simulated radionuclides have been widely used as a substitute for actual nuclear waste in the studies of nuclear waste solidification, the understanding of the applicability and validity of simulated radionuclides is still insufficient. In particular, the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, which can play a decisive role in the accuracy of the experimental results, still lack unified or integrated references. This paper provides a critical review on the selection, experimental methods, and applicability of the most commonly studied simulated radionuclides, followed by a careful discussion and recommendation of simulated radionuclides suitable for different solidified bodies. The main factors (e.g., temperature, pH, and atmosphere) affecting the choice of simulated radionuclides were analyzed in detail. This work helps to integrate the selection and use of simulated radionuclides, and it will be beneficial for improving the effectiveness of nuclide solidification research.
Sensitivity Analysis and Parameter Optimization for the Fractionative Catalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass in the Polyoxometalate–Ionosolv Concept (2022)

The recently developed polyoxometalate (POM)–ionosolv concept offers an interesting strategy to generate two valuable product streams from lignocellulosic biomass, a solid cellulose-rich pulp and short-chain carboxylic acids like formic acid and acetic acid in a simple and cost-efficient manner. This study aimed to find optimum parameters for the two steps of the transformation by performing a sensitivity analysis on the initial ionosolv fractionation step as well as kinetic investigations of the following POM-catalyzed oxidation step. The results were transferred to the POM–ionosolv concept to find the overall process optimum. Beech wood was used as an industrially relevant substrate for ionosolv fractionation with the low-cost ionic liquid triethylammonium sulfate, [TEA][HSO4], and the HPA-5 [H8PV5Mo7O40] POM catalyst for the oxidation of the dissolved components in an oxygen atmosphere. As the most seminal finding, we defined optimum conditions of 125 °C, 1200 rpm, 30 bar oxygen, and 24 h reaction time in ionic liquid containing 70% water, achieving 72% xylose extraction from beech wood, which resulted in a 39% formic acid yield. We suggest that the fractionation and catalytic conversion are carried out at different water contents for maximum conversion efficiency for each step.
Two-Regime Drift in Electrolytically Gated FETs and BioFETs (2020)

Drift is the most well-known reliability issue of electrolytically gated ISFETs and bioFET sensors. The shift of the threshold voltage with time of electrolytically gated FETs compromises the reliability of these sensors. Notwithstanding, relatively little work has been done to understand the issue. We distinguish two drift regimes which occur at room temperature and at approximately zero gate bias conditions: a strong initial transient drift (81-144mV) and a weaker eventual drift (-0.6 - - 0.8mV/hr), and we elaborate on the strong initial transient drift. We compare drift in SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , SiON and HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> FETs and discuss kinetics, area and salinity dependence. An SC1 preclean shows no significant impact on transient drift precluding a role of siloxane oxidation in initial drift. Two hypotheses regarding the cause of the initial drift are tested with tailored experiments: gate oxide hydration and gate oxide contamination. We find contamination to most adequately explain our observations. For bioFETs, the addition of a Self-Assembled Monolayer (SAM) does not have a large impact on initial drift whereas a DNA graft strongly reduces the initial drift.
Decomposition of two-component pulses in bone: Phantom experiment and simulation (2010)

Prony's method is used to separate signals that overlap in time domain. For additional information, the reader is referred to the references at the end of this paper.
Angle of Arrival Measurements (2004)

The angle of arrival (AOA) is the most valuable information that can be obtained from an enemy radar because the radar cannot change its position drastically in a very short time frame (i.e., a few milliseconds). Unfortunately, the AOA information is also the most difficult information to obtain. It requires several antennas with receivers. The two common approaches to measure AOA are based on amplitude and phase comparisons. Another approach is to use the Doppler frequency shift generated by the aircraft movement. However, this approach is closely related to the phase measurement system. If the requirement is to measure AOA on simultaneous signals, the problem becomes even more complicated because receivers with multiple signal capability are needed.
Model Correction for Cross-Channel Chroma Prediction (2013)

A new inter-channel coding mode named LM mode has been intensively explored in the HEVC standardization project. This mode predicts the chroma signal from the luma signal using a linear model whose parameters are inferred from neighboring reconstructed luma and chroma samples. Although this mode presents very good coding efficiency, it is observed that ill cases in the linear parameters calculation can be detected and fixed. This paper gives an overview of the LM mode and presents a novel model correction scheme to detect and correct those ill cases. Simulation results show significant bit-rate savings by the proposed correction scheme with limited added complexity.
Video multicast over wireless mesh networks with scalable video coding (SVC) (2007)

We address the problem of rate allocation for video multicast over wireless mesh networks. An optimization framework is established to incorporate the effects of heterogeneity in wireless link capacities, traffic contention among neighboring links and different video distortion-rate (DR) characteristics. We present a distributed rate allocation scheme with the goal of minimizing total video distortion of all peers without excessive network utilization. The scheme relies on cross-layer information exchange between the MAC and application layers. It adopts the scalable video coding (SVC) extensions of H.264/AVC for video rate adaptation, so that graceful quality reduction can be achieved at intermediate nodes within each multicast tree. The performance of the proposed scheme is compared with a heuristic scheme based on TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) for individual peers. Network simulation results show that the proposed scheme tends to allocate higher rates for peers experiencing higher link speeds, leading to higher overall video quality than the TFRC-based heuristic scheme.
Righting the Resource Curse: Institutional Politics and State Capabilities in Edo State, Nigeria (2019)

The poor record of liberal reforms sponsored by the international community in postcolonial settings underscores the real politik of institutional change. What we call a ‘new normal’ in development policy and practice foregrounds the role of agency – leadership, networks of connectors and convenors, entrepreneurs and activists – but it has less to say about the political and economic conditions of possibility in which agents operate. The putative powers of agency seem most challenged in contexts of extreme resource dependency and the resource curse. The particular case of Edo, a state in the oil rich Niger delta region of Nigeria, illustrates the intersection of agency and structural conditions to show how ‘asymmetric capabilities’ can emerge to create, constrain and make possible particular reform options.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Domino Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Cyclohexanes with an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Activated T Cell-Mediated Immunotherapy with a Chimeric Receptor Against CD38 in B-Cell Malignancies. (2007)

Abstract CD38 is expected to be one of the most useful molecular targets on the surface of malignant B-cells. T cell-mediated immunotherapy with a chimeric receptor could provide a powerful tool for treating cancer. However, since CD38 is also expressed on effector cells such as activated T cells, NK cells, and monocytes, these cells with the chimeric receptor could be eliminated by autologous cytotoxicity through the interaction with the antigen. In this study, we developed a novel methodology for enhancing the survival and clonal expansion of T lymphocytes expressing an anti-CD38 chimeric receptor. Hut78 T cells, which express very little CD38, retrovirally transduced with the anti-CD38 chimeric receptor showed powerful cytotoxic activity against B cell lines expressing CD38, such as HT (lymphoma), RPMI8226 (myeloma), 380 (ALL-Ph1−) and OP-1 (ALL-Ph1+) cells (mean specific cytotoxicity was 97.94% ± 0.31% after four days of culture in vitro). However, in activated human T cells and Jurkat cells constitutively expressing CD38, the recovery rate of cells transduced with the chimeric receptor was extremely low, because the cells eradicated each other and/or themselves by inducing apoptosis. To block the interaction of the anti-CD38 chimeric receptor with CD38 antigen, we incubated activated T cells and Jurkat cells in medium supplemented with an anti-CD38 antibody before the transduction. The number of viable cells harvested after the transduction was dramatically increased by the antibody in a dose-dependent manner. Using this method, we prepared human peripheral T cells bearing the chimeric receptor and injected them into NOD/SCID mice, which were transplanted with HT cells labeled with luciferase. Lucuferase activity was not detectable in 13 days in five of six mice with T cells transduced with the chimeric receptor. In contrast, the activity had a rapid and steady increase in all of the mice injected with vector-transduced T cells. These results clearly showed that even though human peripheral T cells express any molecule on their surface, an antibody could protect T cells transduced with a chimeric receptor-containing vector from cytolysis, and apoptosis. These findings may provide us with a powerful tool for improving T cell-mediated targeting therapy.
Attenuation of ultrasonic waves in coal-water slurries (1979)

Attenuation of ultrasonic waves in coal-water slurries was investigated in the frequency range of 200 kHz to 1 MNZ (up to 30% by weight). The coal used in this study was West Kentucky number nine coal with particle size ranging from 90 to 30 ..mu..m. Attenuation data show a linear dependence on both frequency and coal concentration in the region of investigation. Results were compared with theoretical predictions from the equations derived by Urick, and by Allegra and Hawley. The experimental attenuation was found to be higher than that from the theories by an order of magnitude. The discrepancy is discussed and further investigations are suggested. Results of this work provide valuable information for the design of an ultrasonic mass flowmeter for coal-conversion processes.