gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Substrate Morphology on the Crystallization of Leucine on Gold Surface Modified with a Self-assembled Monolayer (2006)

Abstract The effect of the surface morphology of gold-deposited quartz substrate on the enantioselective crystallization of leucine was investigated by using quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and X-ray diffraction methods. The gold substrate was modified with a self-assembled monolayer with covalently attached d-leucine molecules. For a rough surface with root-mean-square (RMS) roughness of 17 nm, the QCM measurement showed a continuous decrease in frequency, while for a smooth surface with RMS roughness of 2 nm, essentially no change in frequency was observed. Nevertheless, leucine crystals with high crystallinity were clearly formed on the smooth surface.
Evaluation of Signal in Space Error Bounds to Support Aviation Integrity (2009)

ABSTRACT: One of the intended purposes of recently proposed Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals is the provision of high integrity positioning sufficient for use in aviation. Caution is required, as the integrity requirements for aviation, particularly precision approach, are very strict. There must be less than a one in ten million chance of providing misleading information to the pilot. Further, each individual nation is responsible for approving equipment and procedures in their sovereign airspace. In order to make use of signals over which they have no control, aviation authorities must have a clear understanding of the commitments and capabilities of these new signals. This paper proposes equations to combine information from the satellites together with other error bounds to form appropriate upper bounds on the users ’ position estimates. The bounds are matched to proposed data monitoring criteria that ensure consistency between what has been observed and what is assumed by the bounding equations.
Stimulation of Cellular XTT Reduction by Cytochrome Oxidase Inhibitors. (1999)

XTT reducing activity by CHO and L1210 cells was found to be stimulated by the presence of cytochrome oxidase inhibitors such as NaN3 or KCN. Among the other respiratory chain inhibitors, antimycin A (a complex III inhibitor) and chlorpromazine inhibited cellular XTT reduction, and rotenone and malonate showed slight inhibition and no effect, respectively. It is suggested that XTT reduction is coupled with the respiratory chain via cytochrome c, which is located between complexes III and IV (cytochrome oxidase).
Comment on: Kloting et al. (2008) Autocrine IGF-1 Action in Adipocytes Controls Systemic IGF-1 Concentrations and Growth: Diabetes 57:2074–2082 (2008)

The August 2008 issue of Diabetes contained a very interesting study by Kloting et al. (1) claiming that autocrine action of IGF-1 in adipocytes controls systemic IGF-1 levels. The animals generated by these investigators are of great potential importance, and the data are novel and intriguing. However, we feel that the interpretation of these findings offered by the authors ignores an important …
Polyelectrolyte Coatings with a Potential for Electronic Control and Cell Sheet Engineering (2008)

A novel method for non-invasive cell sheet recovery based on polyelectrolyte thin films is presented. Coatings with highly tunable properties allow for controlling the cell surface interactions or can be used as electronically switchable sacrificial layer offering a promising new tool for cell sheet based tissue engineering.
Selective DNA-Mediated Assembly of Gold Nanoparticles on Electroded Substrates (2008)

Motivated by the technological possibilities of electronics and sensors based on gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), we investigate the selective assembly of such NPs on electrodes via DNA hybridization. Protocols are demonstrated for maximizing selectivity and coverage using 15mers as the active binding agents. Detailed studies of the dependences on time, ionic strength, and temperature are used to understand the underlying mechanisms and their limits. Under optimized conditions, coverage of Au NPs on Au electrodes patterned on silicon dioxide (SiO2) substrates was found to be approximately 25-35%. In all cases, Au NPs functionalized with non-complementary DNA show no attachment and essentially no nonspecific adsorption is observed by any Au NPs on the SiO2 surfaces of the patterned substrates. DNA-guided assembly of multilayers of NPs was also demonstrated and, as expected, found to further increase the coverage, with three deposition cycles resulting in a surface coverage of approximately 60%.
A Metallo-Thermomechanically Coupled Analysis of Orthogonal Cutting of AISI 1045 Steel (2012)

Materials often behave in a complicated manner involving deeply coupled effects among stress/stain, temperature, and microstructure during a machining process. This paper is concerned with prediction of the phase change effect on orthogonal cutting of American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI) 1045 steel based on a true metallo-thermomechanical coupled analysis. A metallo-thermomechanical coupled material model is developed and a finite element model (FEM) is used to solve the evolution of phase constituents, cutting temperature, chip morphology, and cutting force simultaneously using abaqus. The model validity is assessed using the experimental data for orthogonal cutting of AISI 1045 steel under various conditions, with cutting speeds ranging from 198 to 879 m/min, feeds from 0.1 to 0.3 mm, and tool rake angles from −7 deg to 5 deg. A good agreement is achieved in chip formation, cutting force, and cutting temperature between the model predictions and the experimental data.
Faculty Opinions recommendation of Shank3 mutant mice display autistic-like behaviours and striatal dysfunction. (2011)

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) comprise a range of disorders that share a core of neurobehavioural deficits characterized by widespread abnormalities in social interactions, deficits in communication as well as restricted interests and repetitive behaviours. The neurological basis and circuitry mechanisms underlying these abnormal behaviours are poorly understood. Shank3 is a postsynaptic protein, whose disruption at the genetic level is thought to be responsible for development of 22q13 deletion syndrome (Phelan-McDermid Syndrome) and other nonsyndromic ASDs. Here we show that mice with Shank3 gene deletions exhibit self-injurious repetitive grooming and deficits in social interaction. Cellular, electrophysiological and biochemical analyses uncovered defects at striatal synapses and cortico-striatal circuits in Shank3 mutant mice. Our findings demonstrate a critical role for Shank3 in the normal development of Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: http://www.nature.
Performance of 2-D RAKE receiver in a correlated frequency-selective Nakagami-fading (2001)

The bit error rate (BER) performance and the characteristics of a two-dimensional (2-D) RAKE receiver operating in a correlated frequency-selective Nakagami-fading environment are analyzed. Correlated fading between array elements whose fading statistics are identical across the same RAKE branch, as well as an arbitrary number of RAKE-branches with arbitrary finding statistics, are assumed. We derived an approximated signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) statistics for one RAKE branch with correlated multiple antennas, which is extended to that for multiple RAKE branches with arbitrary fading statistics, i.e., a 2-D RAKE receiver. The receiver's performance and characteristics are analyzed using the cumulative distribution function of the SNR at the 2-D RAKE receiver output and the BER under various conditions, Numerical results show that the improvement In performance of the 2-D RAKE receiver is brought about by the average SNR and diversity gains, which are identified by two parameters specifying the gamma distribution of SNR.
TIK, a novel serine/threonine kinase, is recognized by antibodies directed against phosphotyrosine (1991)

We have isolated cDNAs encoding kinases from a murine pre-B cell line by screening a lambda gt11 cDNA expression library with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. One cDNA was identified to encode the previously isolated tyrosine kinase c-lyn. Among the remaining clones, we have characterized a cDNA encoding a novel kinase which we have designated TIK. Sequence analysis of this cDNA indicates that the TIK enzyme lacks the features thought to be conserved among protein tyrosine kinases. Although isolated on the basis of its reactivity with the anti-phosphotyrosine antibody, the TIK enzyme was found to have only serine and threonine kinase activity. The amino-terminal portion of the TIK protein contains a cdc2 phosphorylation consensus sequence. Three mRNA transcripts derived from the TIK gene are detected in a variety of adult murine tissues.
Structure-Based Design of β-Lactamase Inhibitors. 2. Synthesis and Evaluation of Bridged Sulfactams and Oxamazins (1998)

A series of bridged monocyclic beta-lactams activated by various groups on the beta-lactam nitrogen (X = OCH2CO2H, OSO3H) has been synthesized and evaluated. Among them, the bridged sulfactams (X = OSO3H) were found to be effective beta-lactamase inhibitors. They inhibit both class A and class C beta-lactamases.
Abstract B05: A biologic screen to evaluate potential toxicity of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells against primary normal human tissues (2015)

Abstract Adoptive cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T lymphocytes has recently shown great success for the treatment of hematologic malignancies. Similar strategies based on enhancing T cell function and redirecting these lymphocytes against solid tumors are being developed, however, early attempts have resulted in unexpected toxicity of normal cells expressing shared antigen or cross-reactive antigens. A primary challenge in translating new CARs to therapeutic platforms is the lack of robust models to predict potential adverse events pre-clinically. To address this challenge, we developed an in vitro system consisting of thirteen expanded primary human cell types. To detect potential off-tumor on-target effects on normal tissues, we co-cultured CARs directed against human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in our primary cell panel. Flow cytometric and chromium release assays were used to measure intracellular cytokine production by effectors and specific cell lysis of targets, respectively. T cells expressing a CAR against wild-type EGFR elicited strong effector cytokine production and effectively lysed both tumor and normal cells expressing EGFR. In contrast, T cells engineered to express a humanized CAR against mutant EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII), a tumor-specific antigen, reacted only with tumors and did not react to the panel of primary cell targets. This demonstrated a lack of potential cross-reactivity related to off-tumor on-target effects in the normal cell types represented here, suggesting improved safety for clinical use. The thirteen primary cell types we have generated form a panel of normal cells to test novel CAR T cells for potential toxicity and an adequate therapeutic index prior to first-in-human studies. Citation Format: Alexandria P. Cogdill, Alina Boesteanu, Kathleen Haines, Joseph Fraietta, John Scholler, Andreas Loew, Pramod Thekkat, Jennifer Brogdon, Marcela V. Maus, Carl June, Laura A. Johnson. A biologic screen to evaluate potential toxicity of chimeric antigen receptor modified T cells against primary normal human tissues. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Tumor Immunology and Immunotherapy: A New Chapter; December 1-4, 2014; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Immunol Res 2015;3(10 Suppl):Abstract nr B05.
Treatability study using prompt gamma neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) technology, Phase I. Topical report (1995)

This report reviews the progress accomplished during Phase I of a two-phase project intended to demonstrate the use of Prompt Gamma Neutron Activation Analysis (PGNAA) as a technology for the characterization of hazardous and radioactive contaminants in concrete floors. A comprehensive experimental program was undertaken using the N-SCAN{trademark} PGNAA system, which was initially developed by Westinghouse for soil characterization, to determine the sensitivity of PGNAA for several contaminants in concrete. The experiments were performed in a test facility specially designed and constructed for this project. The lower limits of detection derived from the experimental data were encouraging for mercury, cadmium, uranium-238, thorium-232, technetium-99, chlorine, uranium-235 and chromium. These limits were achieved after modifications made to the original N-SCAN system significantly improved its sensitivity for elements located at or near the surface of concrete. With the implementation of additional performance-enhancing modifications scheduled in Phase II, the detection sensitivity of N-SCAN at the end of this project is expected to be at least one order of magnitude higher, allowing N-SCAN to become an effective characterization tool. N-SCAN has several important advantages over current characterization methods and technologies.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Constituents of Dendrobium gratiosissimum and Their Cytotoxic Activities. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Convertible Codes: Efficient Conversion of Coded Data in Distributed Storage (2019)

Large-scale distributed storage systems typically use erasure codes to provide durability of data in the face of failures. A set of $k$ blocks to be stored is encoded using an $[n, k]$ code to generate $n$ blocks that are then stored on different storage nodes. The redundancy configuration is chosen based on the failure rates of storage devices, and is typically kept constant. However, a recent work by Kadekodi et al. shows that the failure rate of storage devices vary significantly over time, and that adapting the redundancy configuration in response to such variations provides significant benefits. Converting the redundancy configuration of already encoded data by re-encoding requires significant overhead on resources such as accesses, device IO, network bandwidth, and compute cycles. In this work, we first present a framework to formalize the notion of code conversion: the process of converting data encoded with an $[n^I, k^I]$ code into data encoded with an $[n^F, k^F]$ code while maintaining desired decodability properties, such as the maximum-distance-separable (MDS) property. We then introduce convertible codes, a new class of codes that allow for code conversions in a resource-efficient manner. For an important parameter regime (which we call the merge regime) along with the linearity and MDS decodability constraint, we prove tight bounds on the number of nodes accessed during code conversion. In particular, our achievability result is an explicit construction of MDS convertible codes that are optimal for all parameter values in the merge regime albeit with a high field size. We then present explicit low-field-size constructions of optimal MDS convertible codes for a broad range of parameters in the merge regime. Our results thus show that it is indeed possible to achieve code conversions with significantly lesser resources as compared to re-encoding.
Network Coding for Multiple Unicasts: An Interference Alignment Approach (2010)

This paper considers the problem of network coding for multiple unicast connections in networks represented by directed acyclic graphs. The concept of interference alignment, traditionally used in interference networks, is extended to analyze the performance of linear network coding in this setup and to provide a systematic code design approach. It is shown that, for a broad class of three-source three-destination unicast networks, a rate corresponding to half the individual source-destination min-cut is achievable via alignment strategies.
A toxicogenomics approach reveals characteristics supporting the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) safety profile of the butenolide insecticide flupyradifurone (2021)

Flupyradifurone, a novel butenolide insecticide, selectively targets insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), comparable to structurally different insecticidal chemotypes such as neonicotinoids and sulfoximines. However, flupyradifurone was shown in acute toxicity tests to be several orders of magnitude less toxic to western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) than many other insecticides targeting insect nAChRs. The underlying reasons for this difference in toxicity remains unknown and were investigated here. Pharmacokinetic studies after contact application of [<sup>14</sup>C]flupyradifurone to honey bees revealed slow uptake, with internalized compound degraded into a few metabolites that are all practically non-toxic to honey bees in both oral and contact bioassays. Furthermore, receptor binding studies revealed a lack of high-affinity binding of these metabolites to honey bee nAChRs. Screening of a library of 27 heterologously expressed honey bee cytochrome P450 enzymes (P450s) identified three P450s involved in the detoxification of flupyradifurone: CYP6AQ1, CYP9Q2 and CYP9Q3. Transgenic Drosophila lines ectopically expressing CYP9Q2 and CYP9Q3 were significantly less susceptible to flupyradifurone when compared to control flies, confirming the importance of these P450s for flupyradifurone metabolism in honey bees. Biochemical assays using the fluorescent probe substrate 7-benzyloxymethoxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin (BOMFC) indicated a weak, non-competitive inhibition of BOMFC metabolism by flupyradifurone. In contrast, the azole fungicides prochloraz and propiconazole were strong nanomolar inhibitors of these flupyradifurone metabolizing P450s, explaining their highly synergistic effects in combination with flupyradifurone as demonstrated in acute laboratory contact toxicity tests of adult bees. Interestingly, the azole fungicide prothioconazole is only slightly synergistic in combination with flupyradifurone - an observation supported by molecular P450 inhibition assays. Such molecular assays have value in the prediction of potential risks posed to bees by flupyradifurone mixture partners under applied conditions. Quantitative PCR confirmed the expression of the identified P450 genes in all honey bee life-stages, with highest expression levels observed in late larvae and adults, suggesting honey bees have the capacity to metabolize flupyradifurone across all life-stages. These findings provide a biochemical explanation for the low intrinsic toxicity of flupyradifurone to honey bees and offer a new, more holistic approach to support bee pollinator risk assessment by molecular means.
III–V/Ge High Mobility Channel Integration of InGaAs n-Channel and Ge p-Channel Metal–Oxide–Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors with Self-Aligned Ni-Based Metal Source/Drain Using Direct Wafer Bonding (2012)

We demonstrated the integration of high-mobility channel InGaAs n-channel and Ge p-channel metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistors (nMOSFETs and pMOSFETs) with self-aligned Ni–InGaAs and Ni–Ge metal source/drain (S/D) on a Ge substrate by direct wafer bonding (DWB). Ni-based metal S/D and Al2O3-based gate stacks have realized the fabrication of high-electron-mobility InGaAs-on-insulator (InGaAs-OI) nMOSFETs and high-hole-mobility Ge pMOSFETs at the same time. The InGaAs-OI nMOSFETs and Ge pMOSFETs exhibited high electron and hole mobilities of 1800 and 260 cm2 V-1 s-1 and mobility enhancements against Si of 3.5× and 2.3×, respectively.
Development of Computer Aided Process Planing System for Plate Bending by Line-Heating (1993)

The plate bending process is considered as a process to form 3-dimensional shapes by introducing the permanent strain (inherent strain) into a plate through proper means. It has been shown that it is very important to utilize both inplane and bending inherent strains for effective bending. The authors have studied the inherent strain necessary to produce the final shape to be formed and the relation between the heating condition and the inherent strain created by single line heating in the previous work.Although the general idea of generating process plan or heating instructions was proposed, the detail was not discussed. Therefore, methods to generate the information on where, in which direction and how to heat are discussed in this report. Two methods, namely step heating method and grillage heating method, are proposed. Their effectiveness are examined through an experiment and numerical simulations.
Semantic Web Services (2011)

The promise of dynamic selection and automatic integration of software components written to Web services standards is yet to be realized. This is partially attributable to the lack of semantics in the current Web service standards. To address this, the Semantic Web community has introduced semantic Web services. By encoding the requirements and capabilities of Web services in an unambiguous and machine-interpretable form, semantics make the automatic discovery, composition and integration of software components possible. This chapter introduces Semantic Web services as a means to achieve this vision. It presents an overview of Semantic Web services, their representation mechanisms, related work and use cases.
Nonhuman Transferrin Receptor 1 Is an Efficient Cell Entry Receptor for Ocozocoautla de Espinosa Virus (2013)

Ocozocoautla de Espinosa virus (OCEV) is a novel, uncultured arenavirus. We found that the OCEV glycoprotein mediates entry into grivet and bat cells through transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1) binding but that OCEV glycoprotein precursor (GPC)-pseudotyped retroviruses poorly entered 53 human cancer cell lines. Interestingly, OCEV and Tacaribe virus could use bat, but not human, TfR1. Replacing three human TfR1 amino acids with their bat ortholog counterparts transformed human TfR1 into an efficient OCEV and Tacaribe virus receptor.
Sonographic detection of acute parenchymal injury in an experimental porcine model of renal hemorrhage: gray-scale imaging using a sonographic contrast agent. (1999)

Transabdominal contrast-enhanced gray-scale sonography can reveal the area of acute renal hemorrhage. This procedure may be applicable in patients when sonographic contrast agents, imaging procedures, and modes of contrast administration are optimized for clinical use in trauma.
Association between cigarette smoking and FHIT gene alterations in lung cancer. (1997)

Epidemiologic data have strongly indicated that cigarette smoking is linked to the development of lung cancer. However, little is known of the molecular targets of carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke. To identify genetic lesions characteristic of tobacco damage, we undertook a molecular analysis of microsatellite alterations within the FHIT gene and FRA3B, as well as at an independent locus on chromosome 10, D10S197, in lung tumors from heavy smokers and in tumors from never smokers. Loss of heterozygosity affecting at least one locus of the FHIT gene was observed in 41 of 51 tumors in the smokers group (80%) but in only 9 of 40 tumors in nonsmokers (22%). The comparison between the frequency of losses in FHIT in smokers and nonsmokers was statistically significant (P = 0.0001), whereas no difference in loss of heterozygosity rate was observed at D10S197 locus. These findings suggest that FHIT is a candidate molecular target of carcinogens contained in tobacco smoke.