gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A New Pixel Circuit Compensating for Brightness Variation in Large Size and High Resolution AMOLED Displays (2007)

A new pixel design and driving method for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) display using low-temperature polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor (LTPS-TFT) is proposed. The new circuit consists of five TFTs and one capacitor to eliminate the variation in the threshold voltage of the TFTs, and the drop in the supply voltage in a single frame operation. The proposed pixel circuit has been verified to realize uniform output current by the simulation work using HSPICE software. The simulated error rate of the output current is also discussed in this paper. The novel pixel design has great potential for use in large size and high resolution AMOLED displays.
The association between outdoor allergens – pollen, fungal spore season and high asthma admission days in children and adolescents (2021)

Periods when asthma admissions peaks have serious implications for asthma sufferers and hospitals. We assessed the association between aeroallergen exposure and childhood asthma peak periods during two grass pollen seasons using the Melbourne Air Pollen Children and Adolescent Health (MAPCAH) study conducted in Melbourne, Australia. Two peak periods were identified. Effect modifications by atopy and sex were considered. All pollen 2 days prior was associated with increased odds of these peak periods. Same day fungal spores, but not pollen, were important. Grass at lag 2 was associated with increased odds 1.03 (95%CI 1.01, 1.05) as was the same day <i>Alternaria</i> 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) per spore/m<sup>3</sup> for boys. In addition to pollen, fungal spores particularly <i>Alternaria</i> may result in days of high exacerbations during pollen seasons. Further guidance is needed to better prepare families/carers with information about the increased risk of asthma attacks in children prior to pollen seasons.
Enhancement of antitumor effect of cytotoxic agents by bestatin. (1985)

Bestatin enhanced the antitumor effects of mitomycin C, 5-fluorouracil and cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum against a syngeneic solid tumor of colon adenocarcinoma 26 in BALB/c mice. The enhancement was dependent on administration schedule. Bestatin administration after treatment with the cytotoxic agents was more effective than that made before the treatment.
Environmental rRNA inventories miss over half of protistan diversity (2008)

The use of a single pair of primers leads to significant underestimation of the true community richness at all levels of taxonomic hierarchy. The majority of available protistan rRNA gene surveys likely sampled less than half of the target diversity, and might have completely missed the rest. The use of multiple PCR primers reduces this bias but does not necessarily eliminate it.
Optimum Kernel error rate estimation (2005)

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using the kernel density estimation technique in the a posterior error rate estimation. The resultant error rate estimator, known as the kernel error monitor, is very efficient in exploiting the observations. As a result, the observation time required to produce consistently reliable error rate estimate can be greatly reduced. The high efficiency of the kernel error monitor is attributed to a smoothing process that is used to remove the spurious features exhibited by the observations and thus to obtain accurate density estimate. An important question thus arises as to how the smoothing effect can be adjusted to achieve optimum error monitoring performance. In this paper, we provide an answer to this question based on the mean square error criterion.
The Auditory Periphery (2017)

Part III Dedication: Georg von BékésyThis part is dedicated to the memory of Georg von Békésy (1899–1972), winner of the 1961 Nobel prize in medical science and physiology for his work on hearing. I never met Békésy, who died when I was still an undergraduate. I so admire his persistent work against tough odds in hearing research, and giving us the basic observations and model of how the cochlea works via traveling waves, that I felt this part of the book should be dedicated to him. My favorite quote is from his 1974 paper, published after his death (thanks to his punctual submission), in which he recalled his realization that “…, dehydrated cats and the application of Fourier analysis to hearing problems became more and more a handicap for research in hearing” (Békésy, 1974). I think we have gotten beyond the cat problem, and it is my hope that, through this book, we make progress toward the day when Fourier analysis no longer handicaps hearing research.
Flexible Antennas for Wearable Applications: Recent Advances and Design Challenges (2018)

Wearable electronics are recently gaining significant scientific interest for a wide range of applications, including healthcare, sports, child monitoring, and consumer electronics. Integration of wireless functionalities into the aforementioned wearable electronics is key to their unobtrusive and round-the-clock performance. Therefore, one of the main challenges associated with wearable electronics lies in the realization of body-worn antennas that are flexible, ubiquitous, robust, and low-cost, while still exhibiting Radio-Frequency (RF) performance similar to that of their rigid copper counterparts. With this in mind, this paper presents a state-of-the-art overview of flexible antenna technologies reported for wearable applications. Specifically, the paper explains the fabrication process and outlines the appealing features of two flexible antenna categories, namely thin-film and fabric-based antennas. The paper also explains the design challenges associated with each of these two flexible antenna technologies, as attributed to their associated constraints and restrictions.
Federated learning for predicting clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 (2021)

Federated learning (FL) is a method used for training artificial intelligence models with data from multiple sources while maintaining data anonymity, thus removing many barriers to data sharing. Here we used data from 20 institutes across the globe to train a FL model, called EXAM (electronic medical record (EMR) chest X-ray AI model), that predicts the future oxygen requirements of symptomatic patients with COVID-19 using inputs of vital signs, laboratory data and chest X-rays. EXAM achieved an average area under the curve (AUC) >0.92 for predicting outcomes at 24 and 72 h from the time of initial presentation to the emergency room, and it provided 16% improvement in average AUC measured across all participating sites and an average increase in generalizability of 38% when compared with models trained at a single site using that site's data. For prediction of mechanical ventilation treatment or death at 24 h at the largest independent test site, EXAM achieved a sensitivity of 0.950 and specificity of 0.882. In this study, FL facilitated rapid data science collaboration without data exchange and generated a model that generalized across heterogeneous, unharmonized datasets for prediction of clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19, setting the stage for the broader use of FL in healthcare.
New Insights into the Recovery of Strategic and Critical Metals by Solvent Extraction (2019)

This chapter explores an overview of the new insights into the recovery of strategic and critical metals by solvent extraction. In principle, the separation of metals by hydrometallurgical processes such as solvent extraction can achieve these outcomes due to ambient-temperature operation and the maintenance of materials balance through reagent recycling. Particular attention is paid to explaining how it is possible to improve existing processes by playing both on the chemistry and the flowsheet design. The performance of solvent extraction processes mainly relies on the properties of extractant molecules for the selectivity needed for increasingly challenging problems. The types of amphiphiles used in solvent extraction experiments can assemble into nanoscale structures allowing hydrophilic and hydrophobic environments to coexist. Solvent extraction processes may undergo stresses such as radiolysis or chemical degradation. The extraction and valorization of metals is presently more difficult than in the past because of the complexity of the new resources to process.
Evaluation of mineral oil as an acoustic coupling medium in clinical MRgFUS (2006)

We empirically evaluate mineral oil as an alternative to the mixture of de-gassed water and ultrasound gel, which is currently used as an acoustic coupling medium in clinical magnetic resonance guided focused ultrasound (MRgFUS) treatments. The tests were performed on an ExAblate 2000 MRgFUS system (InSightec Inc., Haifa, Israel) using a clinical patient set-up. Acoustic reflections, treatment temperatures, sonication spot dimensions and position with respect to target location were measured, using both coupling media, in repeated sonications in a tissue mimicking gel phantom. In comparison with the water-gel mix, strengths of acoustic reflections from coupling layers prepared with mineral oil were on average 39% lower and the difference was found to be statistically significant (p = 3.3 x 10(-8)). The treatment temperatures were found to be statistically equivalent for both coupling media, although temperatures corresponding to mineral oil tended to be somewhat higher (on average 1.9 degrees C) and their standard deviations were reduced by about 1 degrees C. Measurements of sonication spot dimensions and positions with respect to target location did not reveal systematic differences. We conclude that mineral oil may be used as an effective non-evaporating acoustic coupling medium for clinical MRgFUS treatments.
Broadband GHz ITO-based Plasmon MZI Modulator on Silicon Photonics (2020)

Here we demonstrate a spectrally broadband, GHz-fast Mach Zehnder interferometer- based modulator deploying wavelength-compact phase-shifter heterogeneously integrating ENZ- near ITO films into silicon photonics utilizing a plasmonic mode.
Metal Complexes with Tetrapyrrole Ligands. 47. Yttrium(III) Bis(octaalkylporphyrinate)s: Synthesis and Electron Spin Resonance Spectra of Earth Metal Porphyrin Sandwich Compounds (1988)

Abstract Reaction of tris(2,4-pentanedionato)yttrium(III) with octaethylporhyrin, H2oep in refluxing 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (TCB) produces a trace (2%) of the double-decker, Y(oep)2 (3A) besides major amounts (72%) of the yttrium(III) monoporphyrinate, Y(oep)(acac) which are separated by chromatography. Appreciable yields of Y(oep)2 (3A) (25%) are obtained from dilithium octaethylporphyrinate, Li2(oep), formed in situ and Y(oep)(acac) in refluxing TCB. The constitution of the double-decker 3A is proved by UV/VIS, IR, 1H NMR, ESR, ENDOR, and mass spectra. The well-defined composition Y(oep)2 requires that one of the porphyrin rings is electron-deficient, i.e. the charge of the YIII ion is compensated by the normal porphyrinate dianion and a porphyrinate monoanion radical. The magnetic moment in the solid state, μeff=1.5 B.M. (5–100 K), demonstrates the radical nature of 3A as well. Under the time resolution of the methods used, the unpaired electron is delocalized between the two porphyrin rings. The wavenumber of the internal charge transfer absorption band in the near infrared (λCTI 1175 nm) agrees well with the value expected for the ionic radius of YIII according the linear relationship of the energy of the CTI band and the ionic radius which has been established for the series of lanthanoid octaethylporphyrinates, Ln(oep)2 (Ln=La···Lu). 3A can be reduced to the diamagnetic sandwich anion, [Y(oep)2]−. YIII double-decker radicals Y(omp)2 (3B; λCTI 1100 nm) or Y(hbp)2 (3C, λCTI 1100 nm) containing octamethylporphyrin or hexadecahydrotetrabenzoporphyrin have also been prepared.
Performance Analysis of Autonomous Inflow Control Valve in a SAGD Late Life Process with Non-Condensable Gases (2022)

Abstract The performance of an autonomous inflow control valve (AICV), used to restrict the inflow of unwanted fluids like gas and/or steam was simulated using an industrial reservoir simulator. The simulation results were used to determine how AICVs can improve the oil recovery in steam assisted gravity drainage (SAGD) operations. Utilizing inflow or flow control devices (ICDs/FCDs) in SAGD wells is a method with promising results. FCDs delay steam breakthrough and increase the oil recovery. The recently developed technology, AICV, further improves the oil recovery from SAGD operations. This paper provides a summary of the test data acquired from the full-scale flow loop testing that replicates the downhole operating conditions. Single and multiphase flow performance of an orifice type ICD and AICV is presented and compared. The results confirm the ability of the AICV to restrict the production of gas and/or steam. A performance analysis based on the results from the experiments and well case simulations is presented. The paper also presents an innovative approach on analyzing the well conditions which brings an insight into SAGD production wells completed with AICVs. Simulations are performed in different scenarios of a SAGD late life process with non-condensable gases (NCGs), and these results confirmed a significant reduction in the gas liquid ratio (GLR), and an increased oil production when using AICV compared to the open hole case. Simulation results demonstrated that utilizing AICV in the SAGD production wells will reduce the gas and steam production by 64%. The reduction of steam production from the breakthrough zones allows a lower bottom hole pressure. This gives a higher sandface drawdown in the zones with less mobile oil, and thus a higher production from these zones. Further, this forces the steam chamber to be more evenly distributed along the different zones, resulting in increased oil recovery. Considering the environmental aspect, AICV can contribute to a considerable reduction in the steam use which will consequently reduce the energy and water usage for steam generation. As a result, utilizing AICV in SAGD operations will improve the economics of SAGD projects.
DNA-based Fish Species Identification Protocol (2010)

We have developed a fast, simple, and accurate DNA-based screening method to identify the fish species present in fresh and processed seafood samples. This versatile method employs PCR amplification of genomic DNA extracted from fish samples, followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis to generate fragment patterns that can be resolved on the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and matched to the correct species using RFLP pattern matching software. The fish identification method uses a simple, reliable, spin column- based protocol to isolate DNA from fish samples. The samples are treated with proteinase K to release the nucleic acids into solution. DNA is then isolated by suspending the sample in binding buffer and loading onto a micro- spin cup containing a silica- based fiber matrix. The nucleic acids in the sample bind to the fiber matrix. The immobilized nucleic acids are washed to remove contaminants, and total DNA is recovered in a final volume of 100 μl. The isolated DNA is ready for PCR amplification with the provided primers that bind to sequences found in all fish genomes. The PCR products are then digested with three different restriction enzymes and resolved on the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer. The fragment lengths produced in the digestion reactions can be used to determine the species of fish from which the DNA sample was prepared, using the RFLP pattern matching software containing a database of experimentally- derived RFLP patterns from commercially relevant fish species.
The ontogeny of naïve and regulatory CD4+ T‐cell subsets during the first postnatal year: a cohort study (2015)

As there is limited knowledge regarding the longitudinal development and early ontogeny of naïve and regulatory CD4(+) T-cell subsets during the first postnatal year, we sought to evaluate the changes in proportion of naïve (thymic and central) and regulatory (resting and activated) CD4(+) T-cell populations during the first postnatal year. Blood samples were collected and analyzed at birth, 6 and 12 months of age from a population-derived sample of 130 infants. The proportion of naïve and regulatory CD4(+) T-cell populations was determined by flow cytometry, and the thymic and central naïve populations were sorted and their phenotype confirmed by relative expression of T cell-receptor excision circle DNA (TREC). At birth, the majority (94%) of CD4(+) T cells were naïve (CD45RA(+)), and of these, ~80% had a thymic naïve phenotype (CD31(+) and high TREC), with the remainder already central naïve cells (CD31(-) and low TREC). During the first year of life, the naïve CD4(+) T cells retained an overall thymic phenotype but decreased steadily. From birth to 6 months of age, the proportion of both resting naïve T regulatory cells (rTreg; CD4(+)CD45RA(+)FoxP3(+)) and activated Treg (aTreg, CD4(+)CD45RA(-)FoxP3(high)) increased markedly. The ratio of thymic to central naïve CD4(+) T cells was lower in males throughout the first postnatal year indicating early sexual dimorphism in immune development. This longitudinal study defines proportions of CD4(+) T-cell populations during the first year of postnatal life that provide a better understanding of normal immune development.
Ducted Fuel Injection: A Numerical Soot-Targeted Duct Geometry Optimization (2021)

&lt;div&gt;Ducted Fuel Injection (DFI) is a recently developed concept to curtail soot formation in diesel flames and based on fuel injection along the axis of a small cylindrical pipe within the combustion chamber, enhancing mixture preparation upstream the autoignition zone. Experimental observations have shown a remarkable DFI effectiveness in soot mitigation; however, the mechanisms enabled by duct adoption are not yet fully clear, especially when different duct geometries are considered.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;This article proposes an experiment-simulation coupled approach for the analysis of DFI in a constant volume vessel, operating in both non-reacting and reacting conditions. In particular, a previously calibrated three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (&lt;i&gt;3D-CFD&lt;/i&gt;) spray model was further validated against experimental liquid penetration considering different duct geometries, proving its reliability for testing duct geometrical variations. Afterward, the validated spray model was employed to investigate the influence of the main geometrical features (stand-off distance, duct length and diameter, inlet and outlet shape) on the ducted spray characteristics and on the combustion and emissions formation processes.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div&gt;The reduction of both stand-off distance and duct length, up to the flow area limit in which the air entrainment is almost zeroed, leads to the best soot mitigation performance. Furthermore, a chamfer at the duct inlet enhances the duct adoption benefits due to improved air entrainment, confirming previous experimental observations. Thereby, it was possible to figure out an optimal duct configuration in terms of soot emission minimization by evaluating air entrainment and turbulent mixing at duct inlet and outlet, and flame lift-off length, achieving a soot mass curtailing of more than an order of magnitude.&lt;/div&gt;
Computational Predictions of Heat Transfer and Film-Cooling for a Turbine Blade With Nonaxisymmetric Endwall Contouring (2011)

Three-dimensional contouring of the compressor and turbine endwalls in a gas turbine engine has been shown to be an effective method of reducing aerodynamic losses by mitigating the strength of the complex vortical structures generated at the endwall. Reductions in endwall heat transfer in the turbine have been also previously measured and reported in literature. In this study, computational fluid dynamics simulations of a turbine blade with and without nonaxisymmetric endwall contouring were compared to experimental measurements of the exit flowfield, endwall heat transfer, and endwall film-cooling. Secondary kinetic energy at the cascade exit was closely predicted with a simulation using the SST k-ω turbulence model. Endwall heat transfer was overpredicted in the passage for both the SST k-ω and realizable k-ε turbulence models, but heat transfer augmentation for a nonaxisymmetric contour relative to a flat endwall showed fair agreement to the experiment. Measured and predicted film-cooling results indicated that the nonaxisymmetric contouring limits the spread of film-cooling flow over the endwall depending on the interaction of the film with the contour geometry.
Selective reaction of isocyanates with the amino group of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective reaction of isocyanates with the amino group of 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediolRao S. Bezwada and Salvatore S. StivalaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1980, 25, 3, 292–293Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je60086a036https://doi.org/10.1021/je60086a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views105Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Horizontal disparity gradient with vertical disparity in different depth planes (2010)

Vertical and horizontal disparities can locally enhance or cancel each other depending on their depth sign (Matthews et al., 2003 Vision Research 43 85–99). The presence of vertical disparities modifies the sensitivity to horizontal disparity gradient in the peripheral visual field, relative to the depth sign of vertical disparity (Devisme et al., 2006 Journal of Vision 6 (6) 656a). In the present experiment, vertical disparities were computed to be always congruent in shape with concentric horizontal disparity gradients applied between 7 and 14 degrees of eccentricity. The stimulus consisted of a sparse random-dot display. The horizontal disparity gradients, crossed or uncrossed, produced respectively concave or convex shapes. However, whereas for horizontal disparities, the central disc (7° radius) of the shape was in the fixation plane, the central disc for vertical disparities could be in front of, behind or in the fixation plane. Horizontal and vertical disparities increased together from their fixation plane disparity, between the two eccentricities. The observers' task consisted in detecting the deformation of the frontoparallel plane. Results highlighted that the modifications of the sensitivity to horizontal disparity gradient, induced by vertical disparities, depended on the depth sign of the vertical disparities relative to both the fixation plane and the depth sign of horizontal disparities. Horizontal disparity allows to perceive the shape, concave or convex, and vertical disparity fixes the depth relative to the fixation plane.