gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation of Key Methanogens for Global Methane Emission from Rice Paddy Fields: a Novel Isolate Affiliated with the Clone Cluster Rice Cluster I (2007)

Despite the fact that rice paddy fields (RPFs) are contributing 10 to 25% of global methane emissions, the organisms responsible for methane production in RPFs have remained uncultivated and thus uncharacterized. Here we report the isolation of a methanogen (strain SANAE) belonging to an abundant and ubiquitous group of methanogens called rice cluster I (RC-I) previously identified as an ecologically important microbial component via culture-independent analyses. To enrich the RC-I methanogens from rice paddy samples, we attempted to mimic the in situ conditions of RC-I on the basis of the idea that methanogens in such ecosystems should thrive by receiving low concentrations of substrate (H(2)) continuously provided by heterotrophic H(2)-producing bacteria. For this purpose, we developed a coculture method using an indirect substrate (propionate) in defined medium and a propionate-oxidizing, H(2)-producing syntroph, Syntrophobacter fumaroxidans, as the H(2) supplier. By doing so, we significantly enriched the RC-I methanogens and eventually obtained a methanogen within the RC-I group in pure culture. This is the first report on the isolation of a methanogen within RC-I.
Engineered Cartilage Covered Ear Implants for Auricular Cartilage Reconstruction (2010)

Cartilage tissues are often required for auricular tissue reconstruction. Currently, alloplastic ear-shaped medical implants composed of silicon and polyethylene are being used clinically. However, the use of these implants is often associated with complications, including inflammation, infection, erosion, and dislodgement. To overcome these limitations, we propose a system in which tissue-engineered cartilage serves as a shell that entirely covers the alloplastic implants. This study investigated whether cartilage tissue, engineered with chondrocytes and a fibrin hydrogel, would provide adequate coverage of a commercially used medical implant. To demonstrate the in vivo stability of cell-fibrin constructs, we tested variations of fibrinogen and thrombin concentration as well as cell density. After implantation, the retrieved engineered cartilage tissue was evaluated by histo- and immunohistochemical, biochemical, and mechanical analyses. Histomorphological evaluations consistently showed cartilage formation over the medical implants with the maintenance of dimensional stability. An initial cell density was determined that is critical for the production of matrix components such as glycosaminoglycans (GAG), elastin, type II collagen, and for mechanical strength. This study shows that engineered cartilage tissues are able to serve as a shell that entirely covers the medical implant, which may minimize the morbidity associated with implant dislodgement.
An insight of CO 2 hydrogenation to methanol synthesis: Thermodynamics, catalysts, operating parameters, and reaction mechanism (2021)

Catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol is an exciting avenue to curb the rising CO2 emissions and generate renewable energy or value-added products. Methanol synthesis via the thermal catalysis route gets increasing emphasis due to its fast kinetics and flexible combination of active components. In the last decade, many studies on CO2 hydrogenation to methanol have been reported with different kinds of catalysts that have been synthesized and characterized using state-of-the-art surface science tools and techniques. In situ analysis techniques as well as theoretical (eg, density functional theory, Monte Carlo simulations, and Micro-Kinetics modeling) studies have been performed to understand the insights of morphology changes, the interaction of active sites, and the formation of intermediate species under the reaction conditions. In the present review, the advancements on CO2 to methanol via hydrogenation route have been presented taking into consideration different perspectives spanning across thermodynamic aspects, the influence of reaction temperature, pressure, feed composition, space-velocity, and morphologically tuned novel catalyst on CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity. Among the reported catalysts, the Al2O3-supported Cu-Zn catalyst showed better performance with 25% CO2 conversion and 73% methanol selectivity at 170°C and 50 bar pressure. The CeO2-supported Pd-Zn catalyst showed 14% CO2 conversion and 97% methanol selectivity at 220°C under 20 bar pressure. Also, CeO2-nanorods supported Cu-Ni catalyst showed good performance at 260°C and 30 bars, with around 18% CO2 conversion and 73% methanol selectivity. Additionally, the mechanistic insights of the process are emphasized with necessary figures and diagrams. The rate-determining steps for each mechanism are also highlighted with chemical structures for further clarity. This review also summarizes potential catalysts and their optimum operating conditions to achieve maximum CO2 conversion and methanol selectivity. We believe, the review is unique and not found in any article which addressed the above aspects altogether in a compact form.
Network-Compressive Coding for Wireless Sensors with Correlated Data (2012)

A network-compressive transmission protocol is developed in which correlated sensor observations belonging to a finite alphabet are linearly combined as they traverse the network on their way to a sink node. Statistical dependencies are modeled using factor graphs. The sum-product algorithm is run under different modeling assumptions to estimate the maximum a posteriori set of observations given the compressed measurements at the sink node. Error exponents are derived for cyclic and acyclic factor graphs using the method of types, showing that observations can be recovered with arbitrarily low probability of error as the network size grows. Simulated tests corroborate the theoretical claims.
Two Causes of Demyelinating Neuropathy in One Patient: CMT1A and POEMS Syndrome (2007)

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ChemInform Abstract: Divergent Cyclizations of 2‐(5‐Amino‐4‐carbamoyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐3‐yl)acetic Acids with Formyl and Acetyl Electrophiles. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Prediction of Postural Balance by Means of Zero Moment Point (ZMP) (1998)

Abstract Zero moment point (ZMP) is well-known in the robotics literature as an indicator of postural stability and has been successfully used to control anthropomorphic biped robots. In this paper we review the basics of ZMP, explain its behavior by means of planar point-mass models and full 3D extended rigid-body models, and show how it can be applied in the study of postural balance in the human. ZMP is an easily understandable, intuitive, easy-to-use, and physically meaningful criterion for the prediction of balance in dynamic locomotion systems. ZMP may be defined as a point on the ground where the resultant rolling moment on the foot reduces to zero. In order for the foot not to roll, the point should be constrained within the footprint. We relate the foot moment with the dynamics of the body segments and derive the expression of ZMP. We demonstrate that the position of ZMP also indicates the magnitude of rolling moment and the direction of the impending roll. Being a dynamic criterion, ZMP is a function of the position, velocity and the acceleration of the body segments and is shown to be a general concept from which the center of pressure (CP) and the horizontal projection of center of mass (HCM) may be extracted as special cases.
Collaborative exams: Cheating? Or learning? (2017)

Virtually all human activity involves collaboration, and yet, collaboration during an examination is typically considered cheating. Collaborative assessments have not been widely adopted because of the perceived lack of individual accountability and the notion that collaboration during assessments simply causes propagation of correct answers. Hence, collaboration could help weaker students without providing much benefit to stronger students. In this paper, we examine student performance in open-ended, two-stage collaborative assessments comprised of an individually accountable round followed by an automatically scored, collaborative round. We show that collaboration entails more than just propagation of correct answers. We find greater rates of correct answers after collaboration for all students, including the strongest members of a team. We also find that half of teams that begin without a correct answer to propagate still obtain the correct answer in the collaborative round. Our findings, combined with the convenience of automatic feedback and grading of open-ended questions, provide a strong argument for adopting collaborative assessments as an integral part of education.
Precision Radiotherapy: Reduction in Radiation for Oropharyngeal Cancer in the 30 ROC Trial (2020)

Deescalation of radiotherapy to 30 Gy on the basis of intratreatment hypoxia imaging was feasible, safe, and associated with minimal toxicity. A DNA repair defect identified by WGS was predictive of response. Intratherapy personalization of chemoradiotherapy may facilitate marked deescalation of radiotherapy.
Hydrophobic Guest Mediated Micellization and Demicellization of Rationally Designed Amphiphilic Poly(organophosphazene) for Efficient Drug Delivery (2016)

Recently, biocompatible and amphiphilic poly(organophosphazene) (PPZ) has been suggested as a drug delivery carrier since it can be easily modified to achieve desired chemical properties. In this work, we newly designed a PPZ with balanced hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity by modulating the mole ratio of hydrophilic to hydrophobic substituents in the PPZ backbone to form hydrophobic drug, resveratrol (RSV), mediated micelle for efficient drug delivery. The feeding mass ratio of RSV and PPZ was optimized to be 1:10 based on loading efficiency, loading capacity, and release kinetics and micelles were self-assembled due to hydrophobic intermolecular interaction above critical micelle concentration (20 mg/l). According to the in vitro study, RSV molecules encapsulated in the core of PPZ micelles were released out by demicellization in a sustained manner, resulting in reduction of perceived cytotoxicity of RSV. Therefore, the present PPZ is considered as an efficient drug delivery carrier for encapsulation and sustained delivery of hydrophobic drug molecules with acceptable biocompatibility. 2016 by American Scientific Publishers.
Input-Dependent Induction of Oligonucleotide Structural Motifs for Performing Molecular Logic (2012)

The K(+)-H(+)-triggered structural conversion of multiple nucleic acid helices involving duplexes, triplexes, G-quadruplexes, and i-motifs is studied by gel electrophoresis, circular dichroism, and thermal denaturation. We employ the structural interconversions for perfoming molecular logic operations, as verified by fluorimetry and colorimetry. Short G-rich and C-rich cDNA and RNA single strands are hybridized to produce four A-form and B-form duplexes. Addition of K(+) triggers the unwinding of the duplexes by inducing the folding of G-rich strands into DNA- or RNA G-quadruplex mono- and multimers, respectively. We found a decrease in pH to have different consequences on the resulting structural output, depending on whether the C-rich strand is DNA or RNA: while the protonated C-rich DNA strand folds into at least two isomers of a stable i-motif structure, the protonated C-rich RNA strand binds a DNA/RNA hybrid duplex to form a Y·RY parallel triplex. When using K(+) and H(+) as external stimuli, or inputs, and the induced G-quadruplexes as reporters, these structural interconversions of nucleic acid helices can be employed for performing logic-gate operations. The signaling mode for detecting these conversions relies on complex formation between DNA or RNA G-quadruplexes (G4) and the cofactor hemin. The G4/hemin complexes catalyze the H(2)O(2)-mediated oxidation of peroxidase substrates, resulting in a fluorescence or color change. Depending on the nature of the respective peroxidase substrate, distinct output signals can be generated, allowing one to operate multiple logic gates such as NOR, INH, or AND.
Ohmic heating of biomaterials: peeling and effects of rotating electric field (2004)

In the recent past, ohmic heating has been used as a method to deliver potentially higher quality products in aseptic processing.It can be used to generate heat uniformly throughout food matrices by controlling the electrical conductivities of food components.Due to its promising advantages, ohmic heating has been expanding to other applications to the edge of hybrid technologies such as thawing, blanching, extraction and drying.However, to reach its ultimate benefits for new and higher quality products, further insightful research, on other applications, is needed.Canned tomatoes are an important product worldwide and in Ohio in particular.Peeling is one of the important operations in the tomato industry to ensure good final product quality.Any enhancement would be desirable, especially the improvement of lye peeling to reduce environmental impact.Therefore, one of our aims is to determine if ohmic treatment might be an alternative method for tomato peeling.In our study, tomatoes were ohmically heated in NaCl solution under various conditions.We find that in terms of quality of peeling, the best conditions of ohmic peeling are: 0.01 % NaCl with 8060 and 9680 V/m, and 0.03 % NaCl with 6450 and 8060 V/m.These conditions have shown the potential to be good for processing because they require a reasonably short time (approximately 1 minute).Further, the potential to preheat the media to 40 o C or more with reusable media could further shorten the peeling time.advice, and technical assistance.Special thanks to Donald Irvin, and Chris Gecik, who always help and offer comment on
Subfemtosecond timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked lasers (2002)

With the implementation of a fast-bandwidth servo, along with improved laser construction and associated better passive stability, we have achieved subfemtosecond relative timing jitter between two independent, actively synchronized, mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers. Timing jitter of 0.58 fs is obtained with a 160-Hz observation bandwidth over several seconds. Within a 2-MHz observation bandwidth, the timing jitter is 1.75 fs. Excellent repeatability and rapid speed in setting an arbitrary time delay between two pulses are also demonstrated.
The impact of hydrogen valence on its bonding and transport in molten fluoride salts (2020)

In molten fluoride salt systems, the chemistry and transport of hydrogen are coupled to its valence state, which controls the balance of tritium leakage and corrosion.
Harmonics in multiplicative and additive noise: performance analysis of cyclic estimators (1995)

Multiplicative noise causes smearing of spectral lines and thus hampers frequency estimation relying on conventional spectral analysis. In contrast, cyclic mean and correlation statistics have proved to be useful for harmonic retrieval in the presence of multiplicative and additive noise of arbitrary color and distribution. Performance analysis of cyclic estimators is carried through both for nonzero and zero mean multiplicative noises. Cyclic estimators are shown to be asymptotically equivalent to certain nonlinear least squares estimators, and are also compared with the maximum likelihood ones. Large sample variance expressions of the cyclic estimators are derived and compared with the corresponding Cramer-Rao bounds when the noises are white Gaussian. It is demonstrated that previously well established results on constant amplitude harmonics are special cases of the present analysis. Simulations not only validate the large sample performance analysis, but also provide concrete examples regarding relative statistical efficiency of the cyclic estimators.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Visualization of 3D elbow kinematics using reconstructed bony surfaces (2010)

An approach for direct visualization of continuous three-dimensional elbow kinematics using reconstructed surfaces has been developed. Simulation of valgus motion was achieved in five cadaveric specimens using an upper arm simulator. Direct visualization of the motion of the ulna and humerus at the ulnohumeral joint was obtained using a contact based registration technique. Employing fiducial markers, the rendered humerus and ulna were positioned according to the simulated motion. The specific aim of this study was to investigate the effect of radial head arthroplasty on restoring elbow joint stability after radial head excision. The position of the ulna and humerus was visualized for the intact elbow and following radial head excision and replacement. Visualization of the registered humerus/ulna indicated an increase in valgus angulation of the ulna with respect to the humerus after radial head excision. This increase in valgus angulation was restored to that of an elbow with a native radial head following radial head arthroplasty. These findings were consistent with previous studies investigating elbow joint stability following radial head excision and arthroplasty. The current technique was able to visualize a change in ulnar position in a single DoF. Using this approach, the coupled motion of ulna undergoing motion in all 6 degrees-of-freedom can also be visualized.
A rapid platform for 3D patient-derived cutaneous neurofibroma organoid establishment and screening (2022)

Abstract Localized cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are benign tumors that arise in the dermis of patients affected by Neurofibromatosis Type 1 syndrome (NF1). cNFs are fundamentally benign lesions: they do not undergo malignant transformation or metastasize. Nevertheless, in NF1 patients, they can cover a significant proportion of the body, with some individuals developing hundreds to thousands of lesions. cNFs can cause pain, itching, and disfigurement with substantial socio-emotional repercussions. To date, surgical removal or laser desiccation are the only treatment options, but can result in scarring and the leave a potential for regrowth. To support drug discovery efforts focused on identifying effective systemic therapies for cNF, we introduce an approach to routinely establish and screen cNF tumor organoids. We optimized conditions to support ex vivo growth of genomically-diverse cNFs. Patient-derived cNF organoids closely recapitulate the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of these tumors as measured by immunohistopathology, DNA methylation, RNA-seq and flow cytometry. Our tractable patient-derived cNF organoid platform enables rapid screening of hundreds of compounds in a patient- and tumor-specific manner.
Isolated low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease: an individual participant data meta-analysis of 23 studies in the Asia-Pacific region. (2011)

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested that there is a novel dyslipidemic profile consisting of isolated low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level that is associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, and that this trait may be especially prevalent in Asian populations. METHODS AND RESULTS: Individual participant data from 220 060 participants (87% Asian) in 37 studies from the Asia-Pacific region were included. Low HDL-C (HDL &amp;lt;1.03 mmol/L in men and &amp;lt;1.30 mmol/L in women) was seen among 33.1% (95% confidence interval [CI], 32.9-33.3) of Asians versus 27.0% (95% CI, 26.5-27.5) of non-Asians (P&amp;lt;0.001). The prevalence of low HDL-C in the absence of other lipid abnormalities (isolated low HDL-C) was higher in Asians compared with non-Asians: 22.4% (95% CI, 22.2-22.5) versus 14.5% (95% CI, 14.1-14.9), respectively (P&amp;lt;0.001). During 6.8 years of follow-up, there were 574 coronary heart disease and 739 stroke events. There was an inverse relationship between low HDL-C with coronary heart disease in all individuals (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.31-1.87). In Asians, isolated low levels of HDL-C were as strongly associated with coronary heart disease risk as low levels of HDL-C combined with other lipid abnormalities (hazard ratio, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.27-2.19] versus 1.63 [95% CI, 1.24-2.15], respectively). There was no association between low HDL-C and stroke risk in this population (hazard ratio, 0.95 [95% CI, 0.78 to 1.17] with nonisolated low HDL-C and 0.81 [95% CI, 0.67-1.00] with isolated low HDL-C). CONCLUSION: Isolated low HDL-C is a novel lipid phenotype that appears to be more prevalent among Asian populations, in whom it is associated with increased coronary risk. Further investigation into this type of dyslipidemia is warranted.
Komposiitti-indeksi — uusi väline käyttäjäkokemuksen arviointiin (2021)

Käyttäjäkokemusindeksi (IUX) on kirjaston tarjoamien palvelujen käyttäjäkokemuksen arviointiin suunniteltu komposiitti- eli summaindeksi. Sen avulla käyttäjien tyytyväisyyttä arvioidaan laskemalla indeksiin valittujen muuttujien (asiakaskokemuksen osatekijät eli attribuutit) summa, joka muodostetaan asiakaskyselyvastausten ja asiantuntijoiden määrittelemien painokertoimien yhdistelmänä. Komposiitti-indeksin merkittävä hyöty on, että sen avulla pystytään arvioimaan useampien asiakaskokemukseen vaikuttavien tekijöiden yhteistä vaikutusta. Esittelemämme komposiitti-indeksi auttaa seuraamaan siihen valittujen määreiden yhteistä vaikutusta asiakaskokemukseen samalla kertaa.
Positive airway pressure improves nocturnal beat-to-beat blood pressure surges in obesity hypoventilation syndrome with obstructive sleep apnea (2016)

Positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment has been shown to have a modest effect on ambulatory blood pressure (BP) in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, there is a paucity of data on the effect of PAP therapy on rapid, yet significant, BP swings during sleep, particularly in obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS). The present study hypothesizes that PAP therapy will improve nocturnal BP on the first treatment night (titration PAP) in OHS patients with underlying OSA, and that these improvements will become more significant with 6 wk of PAP therapy. Seventeen adults (7 men, 10 women; age 50.4 ± 10.7 years, BMI 49.3 ± 2.4 kg/m(2)) with OHS and clinically diagnosed OSA participated in three overnight laboratory visits that included polysomnography and beat-to-beat BP monitoring via finger plethysmography. Six weeks of PAP therapy, but not titration PAP, lowered mean nocturnal BP. In contrast, when nocturnal beat-to-beat BPs were aggregated into bins consisting of at least three consecutive cardiac cycles with a >10 mmHg BP surge (i.e., Δ10-20, Δ20-30, Δ30-40, and Δ>40 mmHg), titration, and 6-wk PAP reduced the number of BP surges per hour (time × bin, P < 0.05). PAP adherence over the 6-wk period was significantly correlated to reductions in nocturnal systolic (r = 0.713, P = 0.001) and diastolic (r = 0.497, P = 0.043) BP surges. Despite these PAP-induced improvements in nocturnal beat-to-beat BP surges, 6 wk of PAP therapy did not alter daytime BP. In conclusion, PAP treatment reduces nocturnal beat-to-beat BP surges in OHS patients with underlying OSA, and this improvement in nocturnal BP regulation was greater in patients with higher PAP adherence.
ChemInform Abstract: Formal Olefination and Acylaziridination of Imidazolones. (2010)

Abstract The first formal olefination of an imidazolone via [3+2] cycloaddition of terminal alkenes with an imidazolone N‐oxide (I), followed by a basic and acidic work‐up affords the products with high yields, tolerating a wide range of functionalities and aromatic and aliphatic alkenes.