gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen Incorporation and Release in Metastable Bixbyite V2O3 Nanocrystals (2016)

A new, metastable polymorph of V2O3 with a bixbyite structure was recently stabilized in colloidal nanocrystal form. Here, we report the reversible incorporation of oxygen in this material, which can be controlled by varying temperature and oxygen partial pressure. Based on X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis, we find that oxygen occupies interstitial sites in the bixbyite lattice. Two oxygen atoms per unit cell can be incorporated rapidly and with minimal changes to the structure while the addition of three or more oxygen atoms destabilizes the structure, resulting in a phase change that can be reversed upon oxygen removal. Density functional theory (DFT) supports the reversible occupation of interstitial sites in bixbyite by oxygen, and the 1.1 eV barrier to oxygen diffusion predicted by DFT matches the activation energy of the oxidation process derived from observations by in situ XRD. The observed rapid oxidation kinetics are thus facilitated by short diffusion paths through the bixbyite nanocrystals. Due to the exceptionally low temperatures of oxidation and reduction, this earth-abundant material is proposed for use in oxygen storage applications.
Implementation of a Fast Initial Position and Magnet Polarity Estimation for PM Synchronous Machines in Traction and White Goods Applications (2006)

A general solution for initial position and magnet polarity estimation on PM machines is presented. The technique is based on carrier frequency signal injection and proves to be fast, simple and parameter insensitive. It is applied to both salient and very low saliency PM synchronous machines of different power levels. An important step to understanding the implementation is to map the saliency and magnet polarity information as a function of rotor position. A state filter topology is proposed to ensure fast, smooth and robust convergence of the initial position and magnet polarity estimation for a SPMSM with an extremely low saliency ratio. Test results demonstrate consistent performance across different machine types.
SIRT1 Pathway Dysregulation in the Smoke-Exposed Airway Epithelium and Lung Tumor Tissue (2012)

Cigarette smoke produces a molecular field of injury in epithelial cells lining the respiratory tract. However, the specific signaling pathways that are altered in the airway of smokers and the signaling processes responsible for the transition from smoking-induced airway damage to lung cancer remain unknown. In this study, we use a genomic approach to study the signaling processes associated with tobacco smoke exposure and lung cancer. First, we developed and validated pathway-specific gene expression signatures in bronchial airway epithelium that reflect activation of signaling pathways relevant to tobacco exposure, including ATM, BCL2, GPX1, NOS2, IKBKB, and SIRT1. Using these profiles and four independent gene expression datasets, we found that SIRT1 activity is significantly upregulated in cytologically normal bronchial airway epithelial cells from active smokers compared with nonsmokers. In contrast, this activity is strikingly downregulated in non-small cell lung cancer. This pattern of signaling modulation was unique to SIRT1, and downregulation of SIRT1 activity is confined to tumors from smokers. Decreased activity of SIRT1 was validated using genomic analyses of mouse models of lung cancer and biochemical testing of SIRT1 activity in patient lung tumors. Together, our findings indicate a role of SIRT1 in response to smoke and a potential role in repressing lung cancer. Furthermore, our findings suggest that the airway gene expression signatures derived in this study can provide novel insights into signaling pathways altered in the "field of injury" induced by tobacco smoke and thus may impact strategies for prevention of tobacco-related lung cancer.
Biofiltration of Volatile Pollutants: Solubility Effects (2002)

This project investigates and collects fundamental partitioning data for a variety of sparingly soluble subsurface contaminants (e.g., TCE, etc.) between vapor, aqueous phase, and matrices containing substantial quantities of biomass and biomass components. Due to the difficulty of obtaining these measurements, environmental models have generally used solubility constants of chemicals in pure water or, in a few rare cases, simple linear models. Our prior EMSP work has shown that the presence of biological material can increase effective solubilities by an order of magnitude for sparingly soluble organics; therefore, the previous simple approaches are not valid and are extremely poor predictors of actual bio-influenced partitioning. It is likely that environmental contaminants will partition in a similar manner into high-biomass phases (e.g. biobarriers and plants) or humic soils. Biological material in the subsurface can include lipids, fatty acids, humic materials, as well as the lumped and difficult-to-estimate 'biomass'. Our measurements include partition into these biological materials to allow better estimation. Fundamental data collected will be used in mathematical models predicting transport and sorption in subsurface environments, with the impacts on bioremediation being evaluated based on this new information. Our 2-D Win95/98/XP software program, Biofilter 1.0, developed as a part of our prior EMSP efforts for describing biofiltration processes with consideration given to both kinetic and mass transfer factors, is being extended to incorporate and use this information.
Selecting an Optimized COTS Filter Set for Multispectral Plenoptic Sensing (2017)

A 16-band plenoptic camera allows for the rapid exchange of filter sets via a 4×4 filter array on the lens's front aperture thus allowing an operator to quickly adapt to a different locale or threat intelligence. Typically, such a system incorporates a default set of 16 equally spaced, non-overlapping, flat-topped filters. Knowing the operating theater or the likely targets of interest it becomes advantageous to tune the filters; we propose a differential evolution approach to search over a set of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) filters for an optimal collection of filters. We examine two independent tasks: general spectral sensing and target detection. For general spectral sensing, we utilize compressive sensing and find filters that generate codings which minimize the reconstruction error. For target detection, we select filters to optimize the separation between the background and a set of targets. We compare the results obtained using the selected COTS filters to the default filter set and full spectral resolution hyperspectral (HS) filter set for target detection and general spectral sensing on a previously obtained HS image.
A High-Level Synthesis Scheduling and Binding Heuristic for FPGA Fault Tolerance (2017)

Computing systems with field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) often achieve fault tolerance in high-energy radiation environments via triple-modular redundancy (TMR) and configuration scrubbing. Although effective, TMR suffers from a 3x area overhead, which can be prohibitive for many embedded usage scenarios. Furthermore, this overhead is often worsened because TMR often has to be applied to existing register-transfer-level (RTL) code that designers created without considering the triplicated resource requirements. Although a designer could redesign the RTL code to reduce resources, modifying RTL schedules and resource allocations is a time-consuming and error-prone process. In this paper, we present a more transparent high-level synthesis approach that uses scheduling and binding to provide attractive tradeoffs between area, performance, and redundancy, while focusing on FPGA implementation considerations, such as resource realization costs, to produce more efficient architectures. Compared to TMR applied to existing RTL, our approach shows resource savings up to 80% with average resource savings of 34% and an average clock degradation of 6%. Compared to the previous approach, our approach shows resource savings up to 74% with average resource savings of 19% and an average heuristic execution time improvement of 96x.
Experimental comparison of grating- and propagation-based hard X-ray phase tomography of soft tissue (2014)

When imaging soft tissues with hard X-rays, phase contrast is often preferred over conventional attenuation contrast due its superior sensitivity. However, it is unclear which of the numerous phase tomography methods yields the optimized results at given experimental conditions. Therefore, we quantitatively compared the three phase tomography methods implemented at the beamline ID19 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility: X-ray grating interferometry (XGI), and propagation-based phase tomography, i.e., single-distance phase retrieval (SDPR) and holotomography (HT), using cancerous tissue from a mouse model and an entire heart of a rat. We show that for both specimens, the spatial resolution derived from the characteristic morphological features is about a factor of two better for HT and SDPR compared to XGI, whereas the XGI data generally exhibit much better contrast-to-noise ratios for the anatomical features. Moreover, XGI excels in fidelity of the density measurements, and is also more robust against low-frequency artifacts than HT, but it might suffer from phase-wrapping artifacts. Thus, we can regard the three phase tomography methods discussed as complementary. The application will decide which spatial and density resolutions are desired, for the imaging task and dose requirements, and, in addition, the applicant must choose between the complexity of the experimental setup and the one of data processing.
LS Distributed Flooding Reduction (2019)

This document proposes an approach to flood link states on a topology
that is a subgraph of the complete topology per underline physical
network, so that the amount of flooding traffic in the network is
greatly reduced, and it would reduce convergence time with a more
stable and optimized routing environment. The approach can be applied
to any network topology in a single area. In this approach, every node
in the area automatically calculates a flooding topology by using a
same algorithm concurrently.
New Terminology for Intrauterine Endometrial Samples: A Group Study by the Japanese Society of Clinical Cytology (2012)

The current diagnostic standards for endometrial cytology in Japan were established. Specificity is satisfactory for excluding cancer or precancerous diseases.
Detection and Localization of Damaged Photovoltaic Cells and Modules Using Spread Spectrum Time Domain Reflectometry (2020)

The operating efficiency of photovoltaic (PV) plants can be improved if damaged or degraded modules can be detected and identified. Currently, string-level power electronics can detect problems with modules or cabling but not locate them, which would facilitate addressing these issues. Here, we investigate the ability of spread spectrum time domain reflectometry (SSTDR) to both detect and locate/identify damaged cells and modules within a series-connected PV string. We tested the ability of SSTDR to detect and locate single-cell mini-modules and full-sized PV modules, which were intentionally damaged by impacts with a hammer (breaking the glass and damaging the silicon below) or by cutting through some or all busbars. Damage to the glass and silicon of cells was detected and located within a small string of minimodules. Busbar damage was detectable only if an open was created by cutting through all intercell busbars. Physical impact damage to the glass and silicon of a full-sized PV module could be detected, but further development of signal processing is needed to achieve localization of such damaged modules within a string.
Visible two-dimensional photonic crystal slab laser (2006)

The authors describe the fabrication and performance of photonic crystal lasers fabricated within thin membranes of InGaP∕InGaAlP quantum well material and emitting in the visible wavelength range. These lasers have ultrasmall mode volumes, emit red light, and exhibit low threshold powers. They can be lithographically tuned from 650to690nm. Their cavity volumes of approximately 0.01μm3 are ideally suited for use as spectroscopic sources.
Reduced Toxicity of Shiga Toxin (Stx) Type 2c in Mice Compared to Stx2d Is Associated with Instability of Stx2c Holotoxin (2015)

Shiga toxin (Stx) is an AB5 ribotoxin made by Stx-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). These organisms cause diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and the hemolytic uremic syndrome. STEC make two types of Stxs, Stx1 and/or Stx2. Stx2 has one prototype (a) and six subtypes (b-g), but only STEC that make Stx2a, and/or Stx2c, or Stx2d are associated with severe disease. However, Stx2c is about 10-fold less toxic than Stx2d in vivo despite only two amino acid differences in the A subunit at positions 291 and 297. We made mutations at these two sites to create intermediate toxins between Stx2c and Stx2d, and determined the 50% cytotoxic dose on Vero cells before and after heat treatment, and the 50% lethal dose in mice of the toxins. We found that serine 291 was associated with increased toxicity in vivo and that either amino acid change from that in Stx2c to that in Stx2d increased heat stability. We also assessed the secondary structure of Stx2c and Stx2d by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The CD studies suggest that Stx2c has a less-ordered secondary structure than Stx2d. We conclude that both amino acids at positions 291 and 297 in Stx2c contribute to its decreased stability and in vivo toxicity compared to Stx2d.
Reconstruction of TiAl Intermetallic Surfaces: A Combined STM and DFT Study (2011)

The structure of the γ-TiAl(111) alloy surface was studied with combined experimental and theoretical approaches. The experimental scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images indicate surface reconstruction with a (2 × 2) superstructure as a result of Al depletion of the alloy surface after preparation. The atomic protrusions form a zigzag pattern oriented along the direction of the shorter surface unit vector of the (2 × 2) supercell, that is, the [101̅] direction. The theoretical investigations performed with molecular dynamics in combination with simulated annealing based on the density functional theory (DFT) show that the surface starts to reconstruct at temperatures higher than 950 K, in agreement with the experimental annealing temperature. Geometric analysis and simulated STM images obtained from periodic DFT calculations show that the atomic protrusions forming the zigzag patterns correspond to Al atoms of the reconstructed topmost plane. The persistence of the reconstructed structure up to the simulated melting temperature of 1800 K shows the high stability of Al vacancies injected in the topmost plane of the alloy.
474. Consequences of Infusion Time on Efficiency of Intravenous Delivery of Vector Genomes to the Liver (2016)

Based on the knowledge that, when administered intravenously (IV), 90% of adeno-associated virus (AAV) gene transfer vectors are transferred to the liver, the IV route has become the standard for gene therapy applications directed toward genetic modification of liver cells. To achieve maximum transfer of vector genomes to the liver, most attention has been focused on AAV serotype and dose, but little focus has been directed toward whether differences could be achieved by varying the timing of IV vector administration. To assess this variable, we administered rh. 10 serotype AAV vectors intravenously to rodents using 2 variables: (1) single vs multiple administrations; and (2) length of time of infusion. To assess single vs multiple administration, mouse cohorts (C57Bl/6 males, n=5/group) were administered AAVrh.10hα1AT, encoding for human α1-antitrypsin (α1AT), IV at 1012 genome copies (gc)/kg, 4×1012 gc/kg and a 3rd cohort receiving the 1012 gc/kg dose on 4 consecutive days. Mice were bled at 4, 14, 28, and 112 days post-administration. Serum human αlAT levels showed the expected dose response. Mice administered 1012 gc/kg daily for 4 days had αlAT serum levels below those achieved by the single dose 4×1012 gc/kg group (day 112, p<0.001), but mice administered 4 days consecutively at 1012 gc/kg had significantly higher levels of serum α1AT levels than that of a single administration at the same 1012 gc/kg dose (day 112, p<0.0003). This could be an advantage when dosing for a single administration is limited by volume, vector concentration, or total dose. To assess whether single administration of the same dose over different times would achieve different levels of transfer of vector genomes to the liver, rats (Fischer 344 males) were administered IV AAVrh. 10hFXN (an AAVrh. 10 vector coding for the human frataxin cDNA), with a fixed volume (1 ml) over 1 min, 30 min, 4 hr and 24 hr, each infusion time tested at 3 doses (1011, 1012, and 1013 gc/kg). Rats were sacrificed after 7 days and liver vector genome levels evaluated by quantitative PCR. There was a dose-dependent increase in vector genomes in the liver for all infusion times (p<0.0001). However, there were no differences observed in vector genome copies in the liver between any of the 4 different rates of vector infusion, i.e., there was no advantage to administration over different lengths of times (p>0.1, for all time comparisons in each dosage group). We conclude that, at least in rodents, the use of multiple daily injections influences the expression patterns of the targeted gene; however, the rate of infusion does not appear to be a critical parameter for the design of intravenous infusion for targeting AAV vectors to liver.
Modified slab photonic crystal structure for delay time enhancement using capsule shaped holes (2009)

A slow group velocity photonic crystal slab waveguide is designed using capsule shaped air holes in hexagonal lattice. The presented design achieves nearly flat band waveguiding with group-index of 21–36 over the normalized bandwidth (Δω/ω) of 1.38%∼0.4%.
Extraction of Inner Ear Antigens for Studies in Inner Ear Autoimmunity (1993)

The search for a diagnostic assay in patients with autoimmune inner ear disease has led to the preparation of antigens from the inner ear, a presumed target in this disorder. In order to standardize the antigen preparations currently being used in the Western blot immunoassay, we have examined several distinct extraction procedures that employ well-known solutions and detergents. Results of this investigation clearly show that antigens of interest (68 kd, 33 to 35 kd, and 32 kd) are optimally extracted with a detergent (0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate) and that bovine serum albumin, a potential contaminant, can be removed in the water-soluble fractions. Purification of inner ear antigens by these methods will lead to more reproducible results in immunoblotting, as well as a greater opportunity to identify the mechanisms involved in autoimmune inner ear disease.
Cyclooctatin, a new inhibitor of lysophospholipase, produced by Streptomyces melanosporofaciens MI614-43F2. Taxonomy, production, isolation, physico-chemical properties and biological activities. (1992)

Cyclooctatin has been isolated from Streptomyces melanosporofaciens MI614-43F2 as part of a program designed to find microorganism-produced inhibitors of lysophospholipase. It was purified by chromatography on silica gel, Capcell Pak C18 (HPLC) and Sephadex LH-20 followed by solvent extraction and then isolated as a colorless powder. Cyclooctatin has the molecular formula of C20H34O3. It is competitive with the substrate, and the inhibition constant (Ki) was 4.8 x 10(-6) M.
Single-Carrier 400G 64QAM and 128QAM DWDM Field Trial Transmission Over Metro Legacy Links (2016)

We report on the results of a field trial carried out on a Telecom Italia metro link, targeting short data center interconnect applications. The test-bed presented realistic transmission conditions, such as an average ~0.3-dB/km attenuation and usage of legacy erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) only. We transmitted a net bit rate of 400 Gb/s on a single carrier with 64 quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) and 128QAM over 156 km. Error-free transmission over 80 km for single carrier dense wavelength-division multiplexing (DWDM) 30 × 400G 64QAM and 30 × 400G 128QAM (one half of the C-band) is reported. The net spectral efficiency, for both schemes, is 7.11 b/s/Hz.
Head‐eye Animation Corresponding to a Conversation for CG Characters (2007)

Abstract CG character animations, in which CG characters engage in conversations, are widely used in multimedia contents such as videos and games. In constructing such an animation, we should consider about many factors, such as the content of the utterance and the state of conversation, which necessitates a large amount of time and labor. To deal with this problem, this paper proposes a method, which generates the head‐eye movements of the CG characters synchronized with the conversation. In this method, so as to generate a composite head‐eye movement, the view line direction is divided into the head, eye and body rotations by sharing motion mechanism dynamically adjusted according to the view line direction. And letting the two modules generating the head and the eye movements share the same conversation state, head and eye movements synchronized with the conversation are generated. Finally, we apply the proposed method to the conversation scenes, and show that natural animation can be produced easily.
Regulation and expression of carbamyl phosphate synthetase I mRNA in developing rat liver and Morris hepatoma 5123D. (1984)

A cDNA clone complementary to mRNA encoding the precursor (Mr = 165,000) to the rat liver mitochondrial matrix enzyme carbamyl phosphate synthetase I (Mr = 160,000) was employed to compare relative amounts of the messenger in adult and fetal liver and in Morris hepatoma 5123D and 3924A cells. Northern blot analysis gave a size estimate for the messenger of 6,500-6,700 nucleotides. Carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA levels in 15-day-old fetal liver were less than 10% of adult levels; 5123D cells expressed the messenger at levels about 2-fold higher than normal adult liver, but the messenger was undetectable in 3924A cells. Albumin mRNA was also expressed in the former but not in the latter. Maintaining rats for 5 days on a diet containing 60% casein augmented the relative amount of carbamyl phosphate synthetase mRNA by about 2-fold, while a protein-free diet resulted in reduced levels of the mRNA (about 50% compared to animals on a normal diet). Finally, the pattern of hybridization of carbamyl phosphate synthetase cDNA to HindIII-digested genomic DNA showed no differences between normal liver and its corresponding hepatoma; however, a HindIII site polymorphism was observed between Buffalo and ACI rats.
DVD-Audio Specifications (2000)

DVD-Audio specifications have been established to be a global standard for the next generation of audio media, satisfying demands from the recording industry, hardware manufacturers, and other groups worldwide. DVD-Audio provides a music carrier not only for high-quality and multichannel music, but also for a variety of value-added contents to supplement a user's audio experience. An outline and the major functions or features offered by DVD-Audio specifications are presented.
Consolidated bio-processing of lignocellulosic biomass for the production of valuable biomolecules (2019)

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