gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N distribution in maize plant as a marker for grain yield and limits on its remobilization after flowering (2013)

Abstract To determine the relationship between specific leaf N ( SLN ) and grain yield or its components in commercial maize hybrids in the US Corn Belt, three studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011. Leaf area index at flowering ranged from 3 under low to 5.6 at normal soil N. At flowering, 70% of the vegetative N was sequestered in the leaves, 22% in stalk and 8% in leaf sheaths, whereas the respective numbers for dry mass were 34, 50 and 16%. Highest grain yield was obtained at an SLN of 1.5. N stress affected both kernel number and kernel mass per plant. Regardless of the initial amount of leaf N at flowering, ~65% was remobilized by maturity. Under normal soil N, leaf N at flowering contributed at most 40% to the grain N. An increase in N storage capacity of the leaves would improve stability of hybrid grain yield as well as reduce loss of N from the soil by leaching and run‐off.
A Natural Product Telomerase Activator Lengthens Telomeres in Humans: A Randomized, Double Blind, and Placebo Controlled Study (2016)

TA-65 is a dietary supplement based on an improved formulation of a small molecule telomerase activator that was discovered in a systematic screening of natural product extracts from traditional Chinese medicines. This study summarizes the findings on telomere length (TL) changes from a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled study of TA-65 over a 1 year period. The study was conducted on 117 relatively healthy cytomegalovirus-positive subjects aged 53-87 years old. Subjects taking the low dose of TA-65 (250 U) significantly increased TL over the 12 months period (530 ± 180 bp; p = 0.005), whereas subjects in the placebo group significantly lost TL (290 ± 100 bp; p = 0.01). The high dose of TA-65 (1000 U) showed a trend of improvements in TL compared with that of the placebo group; however, the improvements did not reach statistical significance. TL changes in the low-dose group were similar for both median and 20th percentile TLs. The findings suggest that TA-65 can lengthen telomeres in a statistically and possibly clinically significant manner.
Any-to-Any Signal Frequency Shifting Across Entire C-Band Using Continuously Tuneable Optical Frequency Shifter (2018)

We present continuously tuneable signal frequency shifting up to 4 THz using a dispersion and dispersion-slope reduced highly nonlinear fibre. A 1.6-Tb/s DP-16QAM WDM signal is arbitrarily translated to different wavelengths across the C-band during a 160-km error-free transmission.
Signal Amplification in Highly Ordered Networks Is Driven by Geometry (2022)

Here, we hypothesize that, in biological systems such as cell surface receptors that relay external signals, clustering leads to substantial improvements in signaling efficiency. Representing cooperative signaling networks as planar graphs and applying Euler's polyhedron formula, we can show that clustering may result in an up to a 200% boost in signaling amplitude dictated solely by the size and geometry of the network. This is a fundamental relationship that applies to all clustered systems regardless of its components. Nature has figured out a way to maximize the signaling amplitude in receptors that relay weak external signals. In addition, in cell-to-cell interactions, clustering both receptors and ligands may result in maximum efficiency and synchronization. The importance of clustering geometry in signaling efficiency goes beyond biological systems and can inform the design of amplifiers in nonbiological systems.
Sequential Protein Capture in Multiplex Single Molecule Arrays: A Strategy for Eliminating Assay Cross‐Reactivity (2020)

Measurements of multiple biomolecules within the same biological sample are important for many clinical applications to enable accurate disease diagnosis or classification. These disease-related biomarkers often exist at very low levels in biological fluids, necessitating ultrasensitive measurement methods. Single-molecule arrays (Simoa), a bead-based digital enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, is the current state of the art for ultrasensitive protein detection and can detect sub-femtomolar protein concentrations, but its ability to achieve high-order multiplexing without cross-reactivity remains a challenge. Here, a sequential protein capture approach for multiplex Simoa assays is implemented to eliminate cross-reactivity between binding reagents by sequentially capturing each protein analyte and then incubating each capture bead with only its corresponding detection antibody. This strategy not only reduces cross-reactivity to background levels and significantly improves measurement accuracies, but also enables higher-order multiplexing. As a proof of concept, the sequential multiplex Simoa assay is used to measure five different cytokines in plasma samples from Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients. The ultrasensitive sequential multiplex Simoa assays will enable the simultaneous measurements of multiple low-abundance analytes in a time- and cost-effective manner and will prove especially critical in many cases where sample volumes are limited.
Glucagon-Receptor Signaling Regulates Mitochondrial Bioenergetics via Hepatic Farnesol X Receptor (2018)

Glucagon, an essential regulator of glucose and lipid metabolism, also promotes weight loss. We have identified that the hepatic Farnesol X Receptor (FXR) plays an important role in an anti-obesogenic effect of glucagon receptor (GcgR) agonism. Chronic administration of IUB288, a potent GcgR agonist, significantly reduced diet-induced obesity (DIO) in wild type (WT, 17%) mice compared to (FXR∆liver, 6%) liver-specific FXR knock-out mice. Weight loss was associated with increased energy expenditure (p&amp;lt;0.05) and fat oxidation (reduced RQ, p&amp;lt;0.05). We hypothesized that GcgR agonism alters mitochondrial bioenergetics, at least in part, through hepatic FXR signaling. IUB288 treatment increased body temperature (p&amp;lt;0.05) and [14C]-palmitate oxidation capacity of liver homogenate (p&amp;lt;0.05) to a greater extent in DIO WT mice than in FXR∆liver mice. RNA-Seq analysis of DIO liver samples revealed that the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation pathway, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acid metabolism were enriched in WT treated with IUB288, but not in FXR∆liver mice. Liver slices isolated from WT mice treated with IUB288 for two days significantly increased state 3 respiration rates compared to FXR∆liver mice using high resolution respirometry. Respiration was increased utilizing both carbohydrate (pyruvate, malate, glutamate, and succinate) and lipid substrates (palmitoyl-carnitine), suggesting GcgR-agonism modulates hepatic mitochondrial respiration via FXR. Our study elucidates a molecular mechanism of the anti-obesogenic effect of GcgR signaling. This heretofore-unappreciated aspect of glucagon biology has implications for the use of GcgR agonism in therapeutic strategies for multiple components of the metabolic syndrome. Disclosure T. Kim: None. S. Nason: None. J.P. Antipenko: None. C.S. Vestri: None. K. Smith-Johnston: None. M.E. Pepin: None. A.R. Wende: None. B. Finan: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. R. DiMarchi: Employee; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc. D. Perez-Tilve: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S, Cohbar. D.R. Moellering: None. K.M. Habegger: Consultant; Self; Glyscend, Inc.. Research Support; Self; Glyscend, Inc.. Consultant; Self; Intarcia Therapeutics, Inc..
High-throughput molecular analysis in lung cancer: insights into biology and potential clinical applications (2009)

During the last decade, high-throughput technologies including genomic, epigenomic, transcriptomic and proteomic have been applied to further our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this heterogeneous disease, and to develop strategies that aim to improve the management of patients with lung cancer. Ultimately, these approaches should lead to sensitive, specific and noninvasive methods for early diagnosis, and facilitate the prediction of response to therapy and outcome, as well as the identification of potential novel therapeutic targets. Genomic studies were the first to move this field forward by providing novel insights into the molecular biology of lung cancer and by generating candidate biomarkers of disease progression. Lung carcinogenesis is driven by genetic and epigenetic alterations that cause aberrant gene function; however, the challenge remains to pinpoint the key regulatory control mechanisms and to distinguish driver from passenger alterations that may have a small but additive effect on cancer development. Epigenetic regulation by DNA methylation and histone modifications modulate chromatin structure and, in turn, either activate or silence gene expression. Proteomic approaches critically complement these molecular studies, as the phenotype of a cancer cell is determined by proteins and cannot be predicted by genomics or transcriptomics alone. The present article focuses on the technological platforms available and some proposed clinical applications. We illustrate herein how the "-omics" have revolutionised our approach to lung cancer biology and hold promise for personalised management of lung cancer.
Constellation Deployment for the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC Mission (2008)

The FORMOSA Satellite Series No. 3/Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC) spacecraft constellation consisting of six low-earth-orbiting satellites is the world's first operational Global Positioning System (GPS) radio occultation mission. The mission has been jointly developed by the National Space Organization of Taiwan and the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research of the U.S. in collaboration with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, NASA, and the Naval Research Laboratory for three onboard payloads, including a GPS Occultation Receiver, a triband beacon, and a tiny ionospheric photometer. The FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC mission was successfully launched from Vandenberg into the same orbit plane of the designated 516-km circular parking orbit altitude on April 15, 2006. After the six satellites completed the in-orbit checkout activities, the mission was started immediately at the parking orbit for in-orbit checkout, calibration, and experiment of three onboard payloads. Individual spacecraft thrust burns for orbit raising were performed to begin the constellation deployment of the satellites into six separate orbit planes. All six FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC satellites are maintained in a good state of health except spacecraft flight model no. 2, which has had power shortages. Five out of the six satellites had reached their final mission orbits of 800 km as of November 2007. This paper provides an overview of the constellation spacecraft design, constellation mission operations, constellation deployment timeline evolution, associated spacecraft mass property and moment of inertia results, orbit-raising challenges, and lessons learned during the orbit-raising operations.
Reaction of Dopa Decarboxylase with α-Methyldopa Leads to an Oxidative Deamination Producing 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetone, an Active Site Directed Affinity Label (1998)

Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) catalyzes the cleavage of alpha-methylDopa into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone and ammonia, via the intermediate alpha-methyldopamine, which does not accumulate during catalysis. The ketone has been identified by high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopic analysis, and ammonia by means of glutamate dehydrogenase. Molecular oxygen is consumed during the reaction in a 1:2 molar ratio with respect to the products. The kcat and Km of this reaction were determined to be 5.68 min-1 and 45 microM, respectively. When the reaction is carried out under anaerobic conditions, alpha-methyldopamine is formed in a time-dependent manner and neither ammonia nor ketone is produced to a significant extent. The reaction is accompanied by a time- and concentration-dependent inactivation of the enzyme with kinact of 0. 012 min-1 and Ki of 39.3 microM. Free 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone binds to the active site of DDC and inactivates the enzyme in a time- and concentration-dependent manner with a kinact/Ki value similar to that of alpha-methylDopa. d-Dopa, a competitive inhibitor of DDC, protects the enzyme against inactivation. Taken together, these findings indicate the active site directed nature of the interaction of DDC with 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetone and provide evidence that the ketone generated by the reaction of DDC with alpha-methylDopa dissociates from the active site before it inactivates the enzyme. Inactivation of the enzyme by ketone followed by NaB3H4 reduction and chymotryptic digestion revealed that the lysine residue which binds pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) in the native enzyme is the site of covalent modification. Together with the characterization of the adduct released from the inactivated DDC, these data suggest that the enzyme is inactivated by trapping the coenzyme in a ternary adduct with ketone and the active site lysine. As recently reported for serotonin (5-HT) [Bertoldi, M., Moore, P. S., Maras, B., Dominici, P., and Borri Voltattorni, C. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 23954-23959], the conversion of dopamine (DA) into 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde and ammonia catalyzed by DDC is accompanied by irreversible loss of decarboxylase activity. However, the comparison between the absorbance, fluorescence, and CD features of DDC after 5-HT- or 3, 4-dihydroxyphenylacetone-induced inactivation shows that a different covalent adduct is formed between either of these two molecules and DDC-bound PLP.
Development of a novel six-axis force/moment sensor attached to a prosthetic limb for the unrestrained gait measurement (2011)

Since the number of trans-femoral amputees has increased by industrial or traffic accidents in modern society, a prosthetic limb has been required. In this case, those amputees must regain moving pattern by efficient gait training using load conditions on a prosthetic limb as quantitative evaluation indices. However, conventional gait training systems cannot measure long continuous walking motions. In this paper, a novel six-axis force/moment sensor, which is attached to a prosthetic limb for the unrestrained gait measurement, is developed. As a result of applying response surface method and desirability function, optimum design variables to reduce interference components are obtained. Finally, characteristics test by applying optimum design variables is performed and the effectiveness of the developed sensor is validated.
Head and Granular Media for Thermally Assisted Magnetic Recording for Recording Density of 6 Tb/in$^{2}$ (2013)

Optimum structural dimensions and characteristics of a granular thermally-assisted-magnetic-recording (TAMR) medium for a recording density of more than 6 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> were investigated by using optical, thermal, and Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert (LLG) simulators. A sharp thermal profile in the medium could be obtained by using a heat-sink layer with heat conductivity greater than 100 W/m K. The ratio of in-plane κ to out-of-plane κ(κ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">xy</sub> /κ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ) of the recording layer and thickness (Tm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MgO</sub> ) of the MgO layer should both be decreased. The targets for magnetic-write width (MWW) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are 18 nm and 12 dB for a recording density greater than 6 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , respectively. In the case of Tm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MgO</sub> of 12 nm, the conditions for achieving these targets are ΔT of 450 K and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of 1.36 MA/m. In the case of Tm <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">MgO</sub> of 5 nm, the conditions are ΔT of 600 K and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of 1.4 MA/m (namely, MWW of 18 nm and recording density of 6.0 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ); ΔT of 550 K and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of 1.48 MA/m (namely, MWW of 16.5 nm and recording density of 6.5 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ); and ΔT of 500 K and H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">eff</sub> of 1.58 MA/m (namely, MWW of 15.0 nm and recording density of 7.2 Tb/in <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ). It is also clear that the thermal profile is a determinant factor in MWW.
Abstract 4671: Tumor Suppressive Role of HOP (homeobox only protein) Gene in Gastric Cancer (2010)

Abstract Background: Homeobox only protein (HOP) is an unusual homeobox gene encoding the 3 spliced transcript variants, among which the only HOP-β promoter harbors CpG islands and inactivated by methylation in esophageal and gastric cancer (Yamashita K et al., Cancer Cell, 2002, Kim MS and Yamashita K et al., Cancer Res., 2006, Yamashita K et al., Mol. Cancer Res., 2009). HOP acts as a novel tumor suppressor gene, but remains elusive for functional role in human cancer. Methods: Using bisulfite sequencing analysis and quantitative-methylation specific PCR (Q-MSP), HOP-β methylation status was evaluated in 80 pairs of gastric cancer and the corresponding normal tissues, further validated in 90 advanced gastric cancer. Transfection of HOP into gastric cancer cell line GCIY was done to examine whether it actually has a tumor suppressive function. Results: By Q-MSP, HOP-β hypermethylation was found in 84% (67/80) primary tumor tissues and 10% (8/80) corresponding normal tissues. When the cut-off value was set at 11.28, the HOP-β methylation was a potent prognostic factor (P=0.0006), which was further validated in the independent 90 advanced gastric cancer (P=0.009). Multivariate analysis revealed that HOP-β methylation could be independent prognostic factors. HOP-β expression was silenced by the promoter methylation in all gastric cancer cell lines tested; expression could be restored by treatment with methyltransferase inhibitor. Moreover, reintroduction of HOP-β gene repressed cell growth and invasion. Conclusion: HOP-β promoter methylation is a frequent and cancer-specific event in gastric cancer. Quantitative assessment of HOP-β methylation has great clinical potential as a marker of tumor aggressiveness and may thus facilitate treatment planning in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4671.
Control Plane Message Definitions for Multiple Access Management Services in JSON (2017)

Today, a device can be simultaneously connected to multiple
communication networks based on different technology implementations
and network architectures like WiFi, LTE, DSL. In such multi-
connectivity scenario, it is desirable to combine multiple access
networks or select the best one to improve quality of experience for a
user and improve overall network utilization and efficiency. This
document presents the control plane message definitions and their
presentations in JSON, for control plane procedures for configuring
the user plane in a multi access management services (MAMS) framework
that can be used to flexibly select the combination of uplink and
downlink access and core network paths, and user plane treatment for
improving network efficiency and enhanced application quality of
experience.
Identification of bacteria by fatty acid profiling with direct analysis in real time mass spectrometry (2015)

The results of this preliminary feasibility study show good precision and accuracy, and the fatty acid patterns are clearly distinctive for each of the ten species examined. The speed and ease of analysis and the high classification accuracy for this initial study indicate that DART is an effective method for bacterial fatty acid profiling.
Algorithms for extracting motion information from navigator echoes (1996)

Algorithms to reliably detect motion in navigator echoes are crucial to many MRI motion suppression techniques. The accuracy of these algorithms is affected by noise and deformation of navigator echo profile caused by physiologic motion. This study compared the performance of algorithms based on correlation and least squares for extracting displacement information from motion-monitoring navigator echoes, using computer simulation and in vivo imaging. The least squares algorithm was determined to be of higher accuracy than the correlation algorithm against errors caused by noise and profile deformation.
Extraction chromatographic separations and analysis of actinides using sequential injection techniques with on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) detection (2001)

A sequential injection (SI) separation system has been developed for separation and analysis of Am, Pu, and Np isotopes using on-line inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) detection. On-line actinide separations were carried out using an actinide-specific extraction chromatographic material (TRU-resin, Eichrom Industries, Inc. USA). Separations are demonstrated and characterized that are compatible with on-line ICP MS detection and address isobaric (241Am/241Pu, 244Pu/244Cm, 238U/238Pu), molecular (238UH/239Pu), and spectral (238U/237Np) interferences encountered in the analysis of Am, Pu and Np isotopic composition using ICP MS. The effects of reductive sample treatment on the extent of U matrix removal were investigated. Uranium separation factors were limited by the formation of U(IV) species, which exhibited separation behaviors similar to that of Pu(IV) and Np(IV). Nevertheless, separation factors as high as 3.0 × 105 can be achieved at the 0.1 mg ml−1 U concentration levels using Fe(II) sulfamate as a reductant. The sequential injection (SI) ICP MS technique has been applied towards analysis of Am, Pu, and Np isotopes in a dissolved vitrified nuclear waste sample. Results obtained using the automated separation technique with ICP MS detection were in satisfactory agreement with results obtained using standard analytical methodologies.
Report on the INEX 2003 workshop (2004)

Evaluating the effectiveness of XML retrieval systems requires a test collection where the relevance assessments are provided according to a relevance criterion that takes into account the imposed structural aspects. A test collection as such has been built as a result of two rounds of the Initiative for the Evaluation of XML Retrieval (INEX). This initiative provides an opportunity for participants to evaluate their XML retrieval approaches using uniform scoring procedures and a forum for participants to compare their results. The second round of INEX, INEX 2003, started in March 2003 and ended in December 2003. On December 15-17, 2003, INEX 2003 held its annual workshop in Schloss Dagstuhl, Germany. We first describe the INEX testbed. We then give a brief survey over the approaches presented at the INEX workshop. We continue with a summary of the outcomes of the working group. We finish with some conclusions and outlook for INEX 2004 In: SIGIR Forum ; 38,1 (2004)