gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Silver ferrite: a superior oxidizer for thermite-driven biocidal nanoenergetic materials (2019)

Silver-containing oxidizers are of interest as biocidal components in energetic application such as thermites due to their biocidal agent delivery. In this study, AgFeO<sub>2</sub>, was evaluated as an oxidizer in aluminum-based thermite system. This novel oxidizer AgFeO<sub>2</sub> particles were prepared <i>via</i> a wet-chemistry method and its structure, morphologies and thermal behavior were investigated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry, and time-resolved temperature-jump time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The results indicate the decomposition pathways of AgFeO<sub>2</sub> vary with heating rates from a two-step at low heating rate to a single step at high heating rate. Ignition of Al/AgFeO<sub>2</sub> occurs at a temperature just above the oxygen release temperature that is very similar to Al/Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> and Al/CuO. However, with a pressurization rate three times of Al/CuO, Al/AgFeO<sub>2</sub> yields a comparable result as to Al/hollow-CuO or Al/KClO<sub>4</sub>/CuO, with a simpler preparation method. The post combustion products demonstrated that the Al/AgFeO<sub>2</sub> thermite reaction produces a fine dispersion of elemental nanosized silver particles which coats the larger alumina particles and is thus bioavailable.
Effects of preanalytical variables on peptide and protein measurements in human serum and plasma: implications for clinical proteomics (2006)

There is a wealth of knowledge in the field of in vitro diagnostics with regard to preanalytical variables and their impact on the determination of peptide and protein analytes in human serum and plasma. This information is applicable to clinical proteomics investigations, which utilize the same sample types. Studies have demonstrated that the majority of variations and errors in in vitro diagnostics seem to occur in the preanalytical phase prior to specimen analysis. Preanalytical processes include study design, compliance of the subjects investigated, compliance of the technical staff in adherence to protocols, choice of specimens utilized and sample collection and processing. These variables can have a dramatic impact on the determination of analytes and can affect result outcomes, reproducibility and the validity of investigations. By drawing analogies to in vitro diagnostics practices, specific variables that are likely to impact the results of proteomics studies can be identified. Recognition of such variables is the first step towards their understanding and, eventually, controlling their impact. In this article, we will review preanalytical variables, provide examples for their effects on the determination of distinct peptides and proteins and discuss potential implications for clinical proteomics investigations.
The Future of Cardiac Surgery: A History Lesson (2003)

Advances in health technology have increased exponentially over the last decade. This progress has enabled all medical specialties to better treat patients and holds the promise of improving outcomes and perhaps, moving beyond palliation to cure and eventually prevention. However, while some embrace progress, others view change with fear and trepidation. Notably, in our field of cardiac surgery, there is concern of increasing competition from cardiology, as newer catheter based innovations, such as drug eluting coronary stents, rapidly increase in use. This has some predicting a limited future for cardiac surgery, as the melding of diagnostic and therapeutic catheter approaches has become the driving force in treating coronary disease, relegating cardiac surgery to the status of a safety net. Many have further suggested that innovations in interventional cardiology, combined with decreasing reimbursements are partially responsible for the decrease in interest in cardiac surgical residency training. However, this myopic view is counterproductive and a more enlightened outlook befits our heritage. Cardiac surgeons by nature and tradition are innovators, problem solvers and decision makers and we only need to take a history lesson to see the future.
The discoverability of the web (2007)

Previous studies have highlighted the high arrival rate of new contenton the web. We study the extent to which this new content can beefficiently discovered by a crawler. Our study has two parts. First,we study the inherent difficulty of the discovery problem using amaximum cover formulation, under an assumption of perfect estimates oflikely sources of links to new content. Second, we relax thisassumption and study a more realistic setting in which algorithms mustuse historical statistics to estimate which pages are most likely toyield links to new content. We recommend a simple algorithm thatperforms comparably to all approaches we consider.We measure the emphoverhead of discovering new content, defined asthe average number of fetches required to discover one new page. Weshow first that with perfect foreknowledge of where to explore forlinks to new content, it is possible to discover 90% of all newcontent with under 3% overhead, and 100% of new content with 9%overhead. But actual algorithms, which do not have access to perfectforeknowledge, face a more difficult task: one quarter of new contentis simply not amenable to efficient discovery. Of the remaining threequarters, 80% of new content during a given week may be discoveredwith 160% overhead if content is recrawled fully on a monthly basis.
A rapid field detection system for citrus huanglongbing associated ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ from the psyllid vector, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama and its implications in disease management (2014)

‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ (Las), associated with citrus huanglongbing (HLB or citrus greening) is spread by Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, the Asian citrus psyllid. Psyllids can be tested to assess the prevalence of Las in a population and for early detection of HLB in new areas being invaded by the psyllid. In some cases, large numbers of psyllids may need to be tested, thus there is a need for rapid and inexpensive field detection methodology. We report here on the development of a field detection kit for testing psyllids for Las using loop-mediated amplification technology (LAMP). Six samples with pools of 1–10 psyllids plus a positive and negative control can be tested at a time in about 30 min; 10 min for crude extraction and 20 min for target DNA amplification. The LAMP assays are conducted in a Smart-DART™ detection unit which is operated from an Android device. The LAMP detection method for Las is about 100 times more sensitive than the traditional real time PCR method. In addition to field testing of psyllids for Las, the methodology was validated as effective for identifying Las in plant DNA extractions. In California, where the psyllid has only recently invaded, participation of a large number of growers and extension workers in field detection may facilitate rapid containment efforts should Las be found. In areas where the disease epidemic is already in the initial stages, large scale testing can be helpful for effective disease management. The LAMP technology lends itself well in such situations.
Baseline HIV Type 1 Coreceptor Tropism Predicts Disease Progression (2007)

This study demonstrates that coreceptor tropism, as assessed by this single-cycle assay, independently influences the natural history of HIV-1 disease.
Interface trap characterization of atomic layer deposition Al2O3/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor capacitors using optically and thermally based deep level spectroscopies (2013)

Quantitative measurements of interface state density and energy distribution profiles within Al2O3/GaN interfaces were obtained by constant capacitance deep level transient spectroscopy and deep level optical spectroscopy (CC-DLTS/DLOS). The new application of CC-DLOS to interface state measurement is described, which allows interrogation of very deep interface states. A series of Al2O3/GaN metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) devices prepared as a function of Al2O3 thickness via atomic layer deposition, on NH3-MBE-grown n-type Ga-polar GaN layers enabled a systematic study. The overall shape and magnitude of the interface trap distribution, Dit, were determined to be nearly identical, independent of Al2O3 thickness. The Al2O3/GaN Dit spectra had an overall U-shape with Dit ∼1012 cm−2 eV−1 near the conduction band edge, ∼1011 cm−2 eV−1 mid-gap, and ∼1014 cm−2 eV−1 near the valence band edge. However, the interface states near the GaN conduction band showed a slight inverse dependence on Al2O3 thickness, suggestive of annealing effect during deposition. The high near valence band state concentrations are consistent with expectations from residual carbon impurities at the GaN surface. A method for discriminating between bulk and interface states in the CC-DLTS signal is demonstrated, using the results on MIS capacitors in combination with spectroscopy results on a Schottky diode structure.
Reliably assessing the electronic structure of cytochrome P450 on today’s classical computers and tomorrow’s quantum computers (2022)

An accurate assessment of how quantum computers can be used for chemical simulation, especially their potential computational advantages, provides important context on how to deploy these future devices. To perform this assessment reliably, quantum resource estimates must be coupled with classical computations attempting to answer relevant chemical questions and to define the classical algorithms simulation frontier. Herein, we explore the quantum computation and classical computation resources required to assess the electronic structure of cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) and thus define a classical-quantum advantage boundary. This is accomplished by analyzing the convergence of density matrix renormalization group plus <i>n</i>-electron valence state perturbation theory (DMRG+NEVPT2) and coupled-cluster singles doubles with noniterative triples [CCSD(T)] calculations for spin gaps in models of the CYP catalytic cycle that indicate multireference character. The quantum resources required to perform phase estimation using qubitized quantum walks are calculated for the same systems. Compilation into the surface code provides runtime estimates to compare directly to DMRG runtimes and to evaluate potential quantum advantage. Both classical and quantum resource estimates suggest that simulation of CYP models at scales large enough to balance dynamic and multiconfigurational electron correlation has the potential to be a quantum advantage problem and emphasizes the important interplay between classical computations and quantum algorithms development for chemical simulation.
Practical Approaches to Green Solvents (2002)

Solvents are widely used in commercial manufacturing and service industries. Despite abundant precaution, they inevitably contaminate our air, land, and water because they are difficult to contain and recycle. Researchers have therefore focused on reducing solvent use through the development of solvent-free processes and more efficient recycling protocols. However, these approaches have their limitations, necessitating a pollution prevention approach and the search for environmentally benign solvent alternatives. This report highlights opportunities for the practical implementation of such green solvents.
Clenbuterol increases PGC1a promoter activity via a rapamycin sensitive mechanism (2010)

The B2 agonist clenbuterol increases the expression of the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor coactivator‐1a (PGC1a) in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of mTOR towards clenbuterol actions on PGC1a activity and mitochondrial mass in C2C12 myotubes. Transient transfections were carried out on sub‐confluent C2C12 myoblasts using a pGL3‐PGC1a reporter construct. Cells were differentiated for 5 days before treatment for 12h with clenbuterol (0.5–1.5μg/μl), rapamycin (100nm) or combination. Twelve hours of clenbuterol treatment (1.0 ug/ul) increased cell oxygen consumption by 100% (186.5 ± 5.4 to 372.1 ± 37.3 pmole.min‐1 P&lt;0.05). PGC1a promoter activity followed a similar trend increasing by 40% (1.0ug/ul) following clenbuterol treatment (3.25 ± 0.03 to 4.54 ± 0.21 RLU P&lt;0.05). In contrast, 12h Rapamycin treatment decreased PGC1á promoter activity by 22% (2.55 ± 0.3 RLU P&lt;0.05) and cell oxygen consumption from basal conditions (P&lt;0.05). Rapamycin treatment completely blocked the positive effect of clenbuterol on PGC1a promoter activity (−43% 1.87 ± 0.12 RLU P&lt;0.05) and cell oxygen consumption from basal conditions (P&lt;0.05). Given that rapamycin completely blocks the positive effects of clenbuterol, our data suggest that clenbuterol increases PGC1a promoter activity via an mTOR dependent mechanism.
Three-dimensional Dixon fat-water separated breath-held imaging of myocardial delayed enhancement (2010)

Introduction Myocardial delayed enhancement (MDE) imaging of infarction is commonly performed using an inversion-recovery (IR) two-dimensional (2D) breath-held fast gradient recalled echo (FGRE) pulse sequence. Three-dimensional (3D) imaging can improve scanning efficiency by acquiring the desired volume in a single breath-hold. Fat suppression could greatly improve visualization of epicardial enhancement (which occurs in transmural myocardial infarction and myocarditis) as well as pericardial enhancement.
A novel method for sample delivery and testing of whole blood: gel strip PCR for point of care (POC) molecular diagnostics (2013)

Testing of whole blood in miniaturized PCR is compromised by the opaque nature of whole blood that leads to physical masking of a fluorescent signal. We demonstrate a method to perform real-time PCR with whole blood that avoids interference from the opacity of whole blood.
New zeolite-like RUB-5 and its related hydrous layer silicate RUB-6 structurally characterized by electron microscopy (2020)

This study made use of a recently developed combination of advanced methods to reveal the atomic structure of a disordered nanocrystalline zeolite using exit wave reconstruction, automated diffraction tomography, disorder modelling and diffraction pattern simulation. By applying these methods, it was possible to determine the so far unknown structures of the hydrous layer silicate RUB-6 and the related zeolite-like material RUB-5. The structures of RUB-5 and RUB-6 contain the same dense layer-like building units (LLBUs). In the case of RUB-5, these building units are interconnected via additional SiO<sub>4/2</sub> tetrahedra, giving rise to a framework structure with a 2D pore system consisting of intersecting 8-ring channels. In contrast, RUB-6 contains these LLBUs as separate silicate layers terminated by silanol/sil-oxy groups. Both RUB-6 and RUB-5 show stacking disorder with intergrowths of different polymorphs. The unique structure of RUB-6, together with the possibility for an interlayer expansion reaction to form RUB-5, make it a promising candidate for interlayer expansion with various metal sources to include catalytically active reaction centres.
Self-Powered Eddy Current Damper for Rotordynamic Applications (2014)

The vibration control of rotors is often performed using elastomeric or fluid dampers together with rolling element or hydrodynamic type bearings. Electromagnetic dampers seem a valid alternative to conventional solutions and also to active magnetic bearings (AMBs) because their simpler architecture, size and, if of transformer type, also for the absence of power electronics, position sensors, and any fast feedback loop. However, transformer eddy current dampers require a constant voltage power supply than can be provided by an embedded generator to reduce cost and improve the reliability. The present paper proposes a self-powered damper to fulfill these requirements. A three-phase permanent magnet electric generator (connected to the rotating shaft) generates the required power for the damping device. The generator is connected to the damping circuit by means of tuned impedance and a three-phase rectifier.
Modeling and Analysis of Distance-Based Registration with Implicit Registration (2003)

ABSTRACTIn this study, we consider distance-based registration (DBR) and propose a DBR with implicit registration (DBIR) in order to improve the performance of the DBR. With analytical models based on a 2-dimensional random walk in a hexagonal cell configuration, we analyzed the performance of the DBR and DBIR. Our results showed that the DBIR always outperforms the DBR. KeywordsMobility, distance-based registration, implicit registration.
Electronic Structures of Organic Solids, Surfaces, and Interfaces. Electronic States and Contact Electrification of Polymer Surface. (1994)

物質の表面が関与する現象のひとつに接触帯電がある。高分子の帯電は電子が関与し,その振舞いは接触する二つの物質の仕事関数と関連しているといわれている。このモデルでは,高分子のイオン化ポテンシャルよりも浅いレベルに電子の受入や放出のサイトとして何らかの電子レベルが存在することが仮定されている。この電子レベルについて,不純物など外因的なレベルとする考えと,高分子の化学構造と関係した内因的な電子レベルとする考えがあったが,これまでそうしたレベルを直接明らかにした研究は行われていなかった。最近,大気中での光電子放出や仕事関数の測定により,3.4から6.2eV付近の高分子の電子レベルが調べられ,化学構造や帯電との関係が検討された。その結果,高分子の低エネルギー側の電子状態は,その化学構造と相関があり,かつ帯電ともよい相関をもつことが明らかになってきた。
Characterization of an AlGaN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas structure (2000)

An AlxGa1−xN/GaN two-dimensional electron gas structure with x=0.13 deposited by molecular beam epitaxy on a GaN layer grown by organometallic vapor phase epitaxy on a sapphire substrate was characterized. X-ray diffraction maps of asymmetric reciprocal lattice points confirmed that the thin AlGaN layer was coherently strained to the thick GaN layer. Methods for computing the aluminum mole fraction in the AlGaN layer by x-ray diffraction are discussed. Hall effect measurements gave a sheet electron concentration of 5.1×1012 cm−2 and a mobility of 1.9×104 cm2/V s at 10 K. Mobility spectrum analysis showed single-carrier transport and negligible parallel conduction at low temperatures. The sheet carrier concentrations determined from Shubnikov–de Haas magnetoresistance oscillations were in good agreement with the Hall data. The electron effective mass was determined to be 0.215±0.006 m0 based on the temperature dependence of the amplitude of Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations. The quantum lifetime was about one-fifth of the transport lifetime of 2.3×10−12 s.
Stable charge-biased capacitive resonators with encapsulated switches (2014)

A large dc bias voltage (tens of volts) is often useful for the operation of capacitive MEMS devices. Charge-biasing techniques have been demonstrated to be able to replace a bias voltage source by trapping an equivalent charge on an electrically floating electrode. This work presents a charge-biased resonator that uses an electrostatically actuated mechanical switch with a pull-in voltage of 36 V to introduce a voltage-equivalent charge of 10-15V onto a resonant body. The switch and resonator are hermetically sealed in a clean vacuum cavity, within an epitaxial polysilicon encapsulation process (epi-seal). No charge leakage has been observed, even at an elevated temperature of 125°C for weeks.
Class B sodalites: nonstoichiometric silver, sodium halosodalites (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTClass B sodalites: nonstoichiometric silver, sodium halosodalitesAndreas Stein, Geoffrey A. Ozin, and Galen D. StuckyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 21, 8119–8129Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00047a021RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views142Altmetric-Citations36LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Algorithms for identifying local molecular sequence features (1988)

Efficient algorithms are described for identifying local molecular sequence features including repeats, dyad symmetry pairings and aligned matches between sequences, while allowing for errors. Specific applications are given to the genomic sequences of the Epstein-Barr virus, Varicella-Zoster virus and the bacteriophages lambda and T7.
Higher-Order Aberrations Due to the Posterior Corneal Surface in Patients with Keratoconus (2009)

purpose. This study was designed to investigate higher-order aberrations (HOAs) due to the posterior corneal surface in keratoconic eyes compared with normal eyes. methods. We studied 24 normal and 28 keratoconic eyes. The anterior/posterior corneal heights and pachymetric data were obtained with a rotating Scheimpflug camera. HOAs for 6 mm pupils were calculated from the differences between the height data and the best-fit sphere, using an original program for each corneal surface. The reference axes of the measurements were aligned with the primary line of sight. The HOAs were expanded with normalized Zernike polynomials. For each pair of standard Zernike terms for trefoil, coma, tetrafoil, and secondary astigmatism, one value for the magnitude and axis was calculated by Zernike vector analysis. results. The mean total corneal HOAs (root mean square [μm]) from the anterior/posterior surfaces were significantly (P < 0.001) higher in keratoconic (4.34/1.09, respectively) than in control eyes (0.46/0.15). The mean magnitude of each Zernike vector terms for trefoil, coma, and spherical aberration from the anterior/posterior surfaces was significantly (P < 0.001) higher in keratoconic (0.77/0.19, 3.57/0.87, −0.44/0.17) than control eyes (0.09/0.04, 0.33/0.07, 0.25/−0.07), respectively. The mean axes by vector calculation for coma due to the anterior (63.6°) and posterior surfaces (241.9°) were in opposite directions. conclusions. Corneal HOAs on both corneal surfaces in keratoconic eyes were higher than in control eyes. Coma from the posterior surface compensated partly for that from the anterior surface. Residual irregular astigmatism in patients with keratoconus wearing rigid gas permeable contact lenses can be estimated by measuring the HOA from the posterior corneal surface.
Bright Circularly Polarized Soft X-Ray High Harmonics for X-Ray Magnetic Circular Dichroism (2015)

We present the first circularly-polarized soft X-ray harmonics to photon energies &gt;160eV. Bright phase matched beams are used to characterize important materials with intrinsic perpendicular magnetic anisotropy for the first time using tabletop sources.
Structure and arithmetic complexity of products and inverses of Toeplitz matrices (1990)

LCAV