gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploration of User Separation Capabilities by Distributed Large Antenna Arrays (2016)

In this paper, we present a novel exploration of spatial separation of closely-located users by a massive MIMO system in line-of-sight (LoS) for both an anechoic chamber and an indoor corridor propagation environments. A distributed massive multiple-input multiple-output (DM-MIMO) system powered by software defined radios (SDRs) has been used for the measurement campaign. For the user separation study, we first conduct an analysis with a spherical wave channel model for physically-large rectangular arrays. Preliminary simulation results show that a single antenna array achieves better user separation for users distributed on a line parallel to the array plane rather than when users are distributed on a line normal to the array. An intuitive idea is that, by splitting a collocated antenna array into two subarrays, additional diversity is created if the second sub-array is on a plane orthogonal to the first sub-array. Figures of merit such as the correlation coefficients, condition numbers and sum-rates of both centralized and distributed antenna arrays have been chosen to determine the impact of array split and positioning on user separation. Extensive measurements, performed on two 32-element antenna arrays of a massive MIMO testbed at 2.6GHz, show that an improvement of around 140% can be achieved in a poor scattered environment if distributed arrays are used instead of centralized ones.
MYOPIC RETINOSCHISIS IN ASIANS (2015)

Most eyes with myopic retinoschisis remain stable. However, eyes with extensive retinoschisis involving the entire macular area are more likely to progress and have microstructural abnormalities and poorer vision. Early surgery should be considered for these eyes.
Glomerulonephritis Associated with Simultaneous Canine Adenovirus‐1 and Dirofilaria immitis Infection in a Dog (2002)

This article describes a case of glomerulonephritis and immunocomplex (IgM, IgG and C3c) deposition in the mesangium and basement membranes of a 2-year-old dog with canine viral hepatitis and dirofilariasis. The deposits observed in the mesangium were in the vicinity of cells with viral replication. However, no clear relationship was found between viral replication and the deposition of immunocomplexes in the glomerular capillary basement membranes, which may be the reason why these deposits have only been tentatively related to the concomitant infestation by Dirofilaria immitis.
MMSE interference suppression in OFDM-antenna array with time shifted sampling (2009)

In this paper, an interference suppression scheme by MMSE combining in OFDM-antenna array with time shifted sampling (TSS) is proposed. An array antenna at a base station has been thoroughly investigated to increase the uplink capacity. The performance of the uplink is not only limited by the correlation between the antenna elements, which strongly depends on the spatial aspects of the channel, as well as the interference from the terminals. Numerical results through computer simulation show that the proposed scheme improves bit error rate performance because of interference suppression by MMSE combining and diversity reception by TSS at the same time.
Optimized design of medium frequency transformers with high isolation requirements (2010)

For future DC electric power systems, high-power DC-DC converters will play a major role as they will substitute today's bulky 50/60Hz transformers. One key component within this DC-DC converters is the medium frequency transformer that provides the isolation level and the step up/down of the different voltage levels. As a consequence, an optimized design methodology that considers this high isolation requirements is needed. This paper presents a step-by-step design for medium frequency transformers with high isolation requirements. Each step in the design is carefully discussed and the required design considerations, such as flux density limits, isolation and thermal management, are explained in detail. The proposed design procedure is applied to a core-type transformer analyzing the outcome of the optimization process.
Learning faster to perform autonomous lane changes by constructing maneuvers from shielded semantic actions (2019)

This paper introduces a new method to solve tactical decision making problems for highway lane changes. In the system design, reference sets for low level controllers are employed to formulate semantic meaningful actions used by reinforcement learning algorithm. Safety is ensured by preemptively shielding the Markov decision process (MDP) from unsafe actions. This frees the agent to focus on learning how to interact efficiently with the surrounding traffic. By introducing human demonstration with supervised loss as better exploration strategy, the learning process and initial performance are boosted further.
Oligomer-fullerene dyads and triads as model compounds for bulk-heterojunction PV cells (1999)

Covalent oligomer-fullerene donor-acceptor structures can serve as important model systems for plastic PV cells, based on interpenetrating networks of conjugated polymers and fullerene derivatives.Several series of [60]fullerene-oligomer dyads and triads were prepared.Photoinduced electron transfer phenomena were studied using photoinduced absorption spectroscopy.Measurements in solution and in the solid state reveal that the environment plays a crucial role in the formation and lifetime of the photoinduced charged states in these molecules.
Progress in green chipless RFID sensors (2017)

The challenge in designing chipless RFID sensors is to obtain a reliable and replicable estimation of environmental parameters. The aim of this work is to investigate two promising chipless RFID sensor configurations able to face these challenges.
Optimizing the Electro-Oxidation of Ammonia (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Mechanical performance of inflatable inserts used in limb prosthetics. (2002)

Inflatable insert products used to overcome residual limb shrinkage were evaluated in a bench test environment under compressive loading conditions. Pressure-loss tests under static loading demonstrated that after inserts were inflated to 43.4 to 45.6 kPa, insert pressures reduced from 0.09%/min to 1.36%/min in the first 5 min and from 0.00%/min to 0.27%/min in the subsequent 55 min. As inserts were inflated, they demonstrated at least two phases in their pressure versus thickness curves: A relatively low-slope portion (Phase I) was followed by a high-slope portion (Phase II). The transition from Phase I to Phase II occurred at more than a 12-mm thickness, a thickness greater than that considered acceptable for practical clinical use (10 mm). This result suggests that in a socket, stress to resist insert expansion is taken by the residual limb and socket more than by the insert itself. Cyclic-loading tests under constrained thickness conditions demonstrated that local stiffness was more sensitive to insert pressure than to constraint spacing (insert thickness). The static and dynamic test results help to explain why some users claim that inserts do not provide equal and consistent support unless inflated to a very high insert pressure. An insert that allowed adjustment of the location of the Phase I to Phase II transition point in the pressure versus thickness curve might help to overcome these limitations.
Low Loss BT resin for substrates in 5G communication module (2020)

Roles of low-loss PCB materials are becoming more important along with the expansion of IoT (Internet of Things). Particularly, high speed and wide band data transmissions in 5G and the following generations are core technologies to progress IoT [1], and many PCB materials have been proposed and the evaluations are ongoing. However, the low loss transmission still has to be improved furthermore so that the advanced communications can be utilized without any limitation. BT (Bis-maleimide & Triazine) resin, a kind of thermosetting resin materials has excellent mechanical and electrical properties derived from unique polymer net-working [2]. In this study, new BT resin designed for 5G and the following generations was developed [3]. Generally, PCB materials aiming for low loss transmission need to have low Dk (Dielectric Constant) and low Df (Dissipation Factor). Then the new BT resin was designed to have lower Dk and Df than the conventional BT resins ever had.In this study, compatibility of BT resin varnish was investigated firstly. Because, typically, some components bringing low Dk and low Df to BT resin show poor compatibilities with the main components due to the difference of polarity. Secondly, adhesion to copper foils was studied. To reduce the transmission loss, copper foils laminated on BT composite (BT resin fillers glass clothes) are desired to have low surface profiles. So, it was necessary to keep adhesion even if anchoring effect became smaller. Finally, BT laminates and package substrates were fabricated to assess mechanical behaviors, the electrical reliability and the transition of Df under high temperature or/and high humidity conditions. Especially, the stability of the dielectric properties under harsh conditions is very important to ensure the advanced electrical modules under actual environments.As the conclusion of this study, the novel BT resin has been developed and the excellent performances were successfully demonstrated. The next challenge following this study is ongoing.
Synchrotron Radiation Photoemission Study of Ge3N4/Ge Structures Formed by Plasma Nitridation (2011)

Chemical bonding states and energy band alignment of pure germanium nitride (Ge3N4) layers formed on Ge(100) surfaces by high-density plasma nitridation were characterized by synchrotron radiation photoemission spectroscopy (SR-PES). The core-level shift of 2.31 eV originating from Ge–N bonds (Ge4+) with respect to the bulk Ge 3d5/2 peak position (Ge0+) was determined by peak deconvolution of Ge 3d core-level spectra. In situ SR-PES study on changes in Ge 3d, N 1s, and O 1s core-level spectra during thermal annealing under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions revealed that oxidized surface layer on Ge3N4 film could be selectively removed at around 500 °C, which was 50 °C lower than the decomposition temperature of Ge3N4. Ge3+ component was found to increase with decreasing Ge4+ component during thermal decomposition of Ge3N4 while no significant change in Ge1+ and Ge2+ components. The Ge3N4 energy bandgap of 3.68 eV was experimentally determined from energy loss spectra of N 1s photoelectrons. The valence band offset at Ge3N4/Ge(100) interfaces were also estimated to be 1.65 eV from valence band spectra, and thus, the energy band alignment between Ge3N4 dielectrics and Ge substrate was determined.
Photoabsorption enhancement in thin-silicon photovoltaics using opaline photonic crystal back-reflectors (2009)

Two attributes of opaline photonic crystal (PC) back-reflectors optically coupled to thin semiconductor films contribute to enhanced optical absorption in the semiconductor. Namely, (i) the PC back-reflector behaves as a perfect mirror (PM), exhibiting complete reflection over stop-gap frequencies; and (ii) the PC-semiconductor film interface couples incident light into resonant states that propagate along the plane of the film, thereby further enhancing absorption. In order to fully realize these benefits the PC must be placed directly adjacent to the absorbing medium. However, in conventional thin-film silicon photovoltaic (PV) cells this is where a nontransparent back contact is typically located. Herein we perform finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) based calculations in order to investigate the benefits of utilizing an existing electrically conducting PC, namely a ZnO inverted opal, as the back contact for an a-Si:H PV cell. FDTD calculations show that, under normally incident light, the addition of a ZnO inverted opal back-reflector comprising 12 layers enhances the average absorption in a 300nm thick a-Si:H cell by a factor of 4.7 in the spectral region slightly above the a-Si:H band gap. In comparison, absorption is enhanced by just a factor of 2.3 for the case in which a PM is used as a back-reflector. Considering that the efficiency of commercially available a-Si:H cells is typically ~6% the increased absorption due to a 12layered ZnO inverted opal back-reflector represents a potential increase in the relative efficiency of the a-Si:H cell of more than 10% compared to the case in which the a-Si:H cell is backed by a PM.
Simultaneous measurement of heat capacity and in-plane density of thin free-standing liquid-crystal films (1992)

A system for simultaneously measuring the heat capacity and in-plane density of free-standing liquid-crystal films as a function of temperature has been developed. Measurements of two-layer films of the compound 3(10)OBC near the smectic-A--hexatic-B transition have been completed. The results do not support the existing 2D-XY theoretical model that supposedly describes this transition.
Five-year immunological outcome of highly active antiretroviral treatment in a clinical setting: results from a single HIV treatment centre (2004)

Our objective was to study the evolution of CD4 cell count five years after starting highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) in a clinical setting. The study was performed at the HIV outpatient clinic, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp. All patients (n = 225) who started HAART in 1997, who had a CD4 cell count within six months prior to starting HAART and who were subsequently followed for at least two years were included. Change in CD4 cell count after start of HAART and the influence of patient and clinical factors were investigated using graphical exploration, endpoint analysis and mixed-effects linear regression. The mean CD4 cell count at start of HAART was 280 cells/mm(3). At the five-year endpoint of the study the mean increase in CD4 cell count was 333 cells/mm(3), while 79% of the patients had a viral load less than 400 copies/mL. There was a significant negative correlation between increase in CD4 cell count at five years and time since first positive HIV test at start of HAART (P = 0.021). Patients who ever had a HAART interruption of more than seven days had a significantly lower increase in CD4 cell count than those who did not (225 cells/mm(3) compared with 438 cells/mm(3); P < 0.001). A mixed-effects linear regression model additionally suggested a significant impact of exposure to antiretrovirals prior to HAART (P = 0.03). Overall, the recovery of CD4 cell count after five years of HAART is good, although therapy interruptions have an important negative impact.
Cellular basis of aging in the mammalian heart. (1991)

This review is concerned with the functional and structural changes occurring in the aging heart. These changes were investigated in an integrated fashion in Fischer 344 rats at 4, 12, 20, and 29 months after birth. Mean arterial pressure, left ventricular systolic and end-diastolic pressures, as well as stroke volume remained substantially constant up to 20 months. At 29 months, however, end-diastolic pressure was significantly increased, and dP/dt and stroke volume were depressed. Focal areas of interstitial and replacement fibrosis were markedly increased at 20 and 29 months, mostly in the subendocardial region of the ventricular wall. Also the aggregate number of mononucleated and binucleated cells in the left ventricle as a function of age was determined. The number of mononucleated cells increased up to 20 months but decreased thereafter; the binucleated cells showed a reversed pattern. The aging process of the heart involves a number of interrelated events including biochemical, electrical, mechanical and structural modifications. With aging and senescence, left ventricular failure develops in the Fischer rat model, and a similar process may occur in the human as well.
4D phase-space acceptance of the quadrupole mass filter (2017)

Simulations of the four-dimensional (4D) phase-space acceptance volume of a quadrupole mass filter (QMF) are discussed. The 4D acceptance is considered since the ion trajectories in the X and Y phase planes are dependent via the initial RF phase at ion entry into QMF. The QMF parameters are set up for resolution equal to the ion mass number M. For a wide range of ion masses, the acceptance is characterized by relatively large aperture with about 5% transmission, primarily defined by phase dependent ellipses. Contrary to expectations, the small-aperture central spot with 75% transmission accepts a very small portion, namely less than 1% of the passed through particles.
In vitro migration of cytotoxic T lymphocyte derived from a colon carcinoma patient is dependent on CCL2 and CCR2 (2011)

Our data suggest that CCL2 secreted by tumor cells and CCR2 receptors on CTLs are involved in migration of CTLs towards tumor. Gene therapy of tumor cells with CCL2 or CCL2/anti-tumor Ab fusion proteins may attract CTLs that potentially could inhibit tumor growth.
Fibril Structure Demonstrates the Role of Iodine Labelling on a Pentapeptide Self‐Assembly (2022)

Iodination has long been employed as a successful labelling strategy to gain structural insights into proteins and other biomolecules via several techniques, including Small Angle X-ray Scattering, Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), and single-crystal crystallography. However, when dealing with smaller biomolecular systems, interactions driven by iodine may significantly alter their self-assembly behaviour. The engineering of amyloidogenic peptides for the development of ordered nanomaterials has greatly benefitted from this possibility. Still, to date, iodination has exclusively been applied to aromatic residues. In this work, an aliphatic bis-iodinated amino acid was synthesized and included into a custom pentapeptide, which showed enhanced fibrillogenic behaviour. Peptide single crystal X-ray structure and powder X-ray diffraction on its dried water solution demonstrated the key role of iodine atoms in promoting intermolecular interactions that drive the peptide self-assembly into amyloid fibrils. These findings enlarge the library of halogenated moieties available for directing and engineering the self-assembly of amyloidogenic peptides.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxypyridines Using Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Ring‐Closing Olefin Metathesis. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Display Enhanced Clonogenicity but Impaired Differentiation With Hypoxic Preconditioning (2014)

Stem cells are promising candidate cells for regenerative applications because they possess high proliferative capacity and the potential to differentiate into other cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are easily sourced but do not retain their proliferative and multilineage differentiative capabilities after prolonged ex vivo propagation. We investigated the use of hypoxia as a preconditioning agent and in differentiating cultures to enhance MSC function. Culture in 5% ambient O(2) consistently enhanced clonogenic potential of primary MSCs from all donors tested. We determined that enhanced clonogenicity was attributable to increased proliferation, increased vascular endothelial growth factor secretion, and increased matrix turnover. Hypoxia did not impact the incidence of cell death. Application of hypoxia to osteogenic cultures resulted in enhanced total mineral deposition, although this effect was detected only in MSCs preconditioned in normoxic conditions. Osteogenesis-associated genes were upregulated in hypoxia, and alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced. Adipogenic differentiation was inhibited by exposure to hypoxia during differentiation. Chondrogenesis in three-dimensional pellet cultures was inhibited by preconditioning with hypoxia. However, in cultures expanded under normoxia, hypoxia applied during subsequent pellet culture enhanced chondrogenesis. Whereas hypoxic preconditioning appears to be an excellent way to expand a highly clonogenic progenitor pool, our findings suggest that it may blunt the differentiation potential of MSCs, compromising their utility for regenerative tissue engineering. Exposure to hypoxia during differentiation (post-normoxic expansion), however, appears to result in a greater quantity of functional osteoblasts and chondrocytes and ultimately a larger quantity of high-quality differentiated tissue.
Time-lapse microscopy studies of bystander effects induced by photosensitization (2006)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the pathogenesis of many critical diseases and are also utilized as cytotoxic agents in a variety of treatments for eradication of diseased tissue, including cancer. Oxidative stress ensues when the level of ROS in a system exceeds the antioxidant capacity. Oxidative stress can have local (direct) and long-range (bystander) effects in cells and tissue and this research was carried out to determine the spatial and temporal nature of the photosensitized bystander effect using time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. By initiating photosensitization in only a portion of the microscopic imaging field it was possible to differentiate direct from bystander effects in EMT-6 murine breast cancer cells in 6-well plates. Elevated ROS levels are seen immediately following photodynamic treatment in direct cells with a delayed increase in oxidative stress observed in bystander cells. Cytotoxicity is also seen at earlier times in direct cells and occurs in bystander cells in a delayed fashion. These studies confirm the existence of a bystander effect following photosensitization and implicate mediators capable of diffusing in an intercellular manner from directly photosensitized cells to bystander cells and also implicate increased oxidative stress as a mechanistic factor in generating damage in bystander cells.
Enhanced Characterization of Drug Metabolism and the Influence of the Intestinal Microbiome: A Pharmacokinetic, Microbiome, and Untargeted Metabolomics Study (2020)

Determining factors that contribute to interindividual and intra-individual variability in pharmacokinetics (PKs) and drug metabolism is essential for the optimal use of drugs in humans. Intestinal microbes are important contributors to variability; however, such gut microbe-drug interactions and the clinical significance of these interactions are still being elucidated. Traditional PKs can be complemented by untargeted mass spectrometry coupled with molecular networking to study the intricacies of drug metabolism. To show the utility of molecular networking on metabolism we investigated the impact of a 7-day course of cefprozil on cytochrome P450 (CYP) activity using a modified Cooperstown cocktail and assessed plasma, urine, and fecal data by targeted and untargeted metabolomics and molecular networking in healthy volunteers. This prospective study revealed that cefprozil decreased the activities of CYP1A2, CYP2C19, and CYP3A, decreased alpha diversity and increased interindividual microbiome variability. We further demonstrate a relationship between the loss of microbiome alpha diversity caused by cefprozil and increased drug and metabolite formation in fecal samples. Untargeted metabolomics/molecular networking revealed several omeprazole metabolites that we hypothesize may be metabolized by both CYP2C19 and bacteria from the gut microbiome. Our observations are consistent with the hypothesis that factors that perturb the gut microbiome, such as antibiotics, alter drug metabolism and ultimately drug efficacy and toxicity but that these effects are most strongly revealed on a per individual basis.