gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virulence and transmissibility of H1N2 influenza virus in ferrets imply the continuing threat of triple-reassortant swine viruses (2012)

Efficient worldwide swine surveillance for influenza A viruses is urgently needed; the emergence of a novel reassortant pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus in 2009 demonstrated that swine can be the direct source of pandemic influenza and that the pandemic potential of viruses prevalent in swine populations must be monitored. We used the ferret model to assess the pathogenicity and transmissibility of predominant Korean triple-reassortant swine (TRSw) H1N2 and H3N2 influenza viruses genetically related to North American strains. Although most of the TRSw viruses were moderately pathogenic, one [A/Swine/Korea/1204/2009; Sw/1204 (H1N2)] was virulent in ferrets, causing death within 10 d of inoculation, and was efficiently transmitted to naive contact ferrets via respiratory droplets. Although molecular analysis did not reveal known virulence markers, the Sw/1204 virus acquired mutations in hemagglutinin (HA) (Asp-225-Gly) and neuraminidase (NA) (Ser-315-Asn) proteins during the single ferret passage. The contact-Sw/1204 virus became more virulent in mice, replicated efficiently in vitro, extensively infected human lung tissues ex vivo, and maintained its ability to replicate and transmit in swine. Reverse-genetics studies further indicated that the HA(225G) and NA(315N) substitutions contributed substantially in altering virulence and transmissibility. These findings support the continuing threat of some field TRSw viruses to human and animal health, reviving concerns on the capacity of pigs to create future pandemic viruses. Apart from warranting continued and enhanced global surveillance, this study also provides evidence on the emerging roles of HA(225G) and NA(315N) as potential virulence markers in mammals.
Stimulated Brillouin scattering for improvementofmicrowave fibre-optic link efficiency (1994)

Stimulated Brillouin scattering is used to increase the modulation depth of a weakly-modulated optical signal by rejecting the forward travelling carrier power. For an input power of eight times the stimulated Brillouin threshold, an improvement of 8 dB in link loss from 0.1 to 20 GHz is achieved.
High Resistive Silicon based low-pass active filter design for TV on mobile application (2009)

This paper deals with the design of a novel low-pass active filter for UHF band digital TV reception which enables to attenuate interfering GSM signals located in the 900MHz band. An hybrid technology is employed for this design combining High Resistive Silicon (HR-Si) technology and common printed circuit board (PCB) one. The designed active filter is based on a lumped element 11-pole generalized Chebyshev filter associated to a negative resistance such as to compensate for the overall insertion loss and enhance the filter selectivity. All the lumped elements of the passive filter are integrated in the HR-Si substrate while the negative resistance is designed onto a FR4-based PCB. The complete design has been fully simulated and experimental prototypes realized and measured, demonstrating the benefits of the proposed design.
Identification of chemical structure and free radical scavenging activity of diphlorethohydroxycarmalol isolated from a brown alga, Ishige okamurae. (2008)

To obtain a natural antioxidant from a marine biomass, this study investigated the antioxidative activity of methanolic extracts from the marine brown alga, Ishige okamurae collected off Jeju Island. A potent free radical scavenging activity was detected in the ethyl acetate fraction containing polyphenolic compounds, and the potent antioxidant elucidated as a kind of phlorotannin, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol, by NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The free radical scavenging activities of the diphlorethohydroxycarmalol were investigated in relation to 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), alkyl, and hydroxyl radicals using an electron spin resonance (ESR) system. The diphlorethohydroxycarmalol was found to scavenge DPPH (IC50=3.41 microM) and alkyl (IC50=4.92 microM) radicals more effectively than the commercial antioxidant, ascorbic acid. Therefore, these results present diphlorethohydroxycarmalol as a new phlorotannin with a potent antioxidative activity that could be useful in cosmetics, foods, and pharmaceuticals.
A comparison of the reproductive performance in primiparous sows following two timed artificial insemination protocols (2021)

Timed artificial insemination (TAI) is an efficient reproductive technology in batch farrowing production that aids management in pig farms. However, the effect of TAI on the reproduction performance is still controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of two TAI protocols on the reproductive performance of primiparous sows. A total of 332 weaned sows were randomly allocated into three treatments. Sows assigned to Control (n = 110) were untreated and inseminated on each day in oestrus after weaning. Sows assigned to eG-TAI (n = 112) received equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) 24 h after weaning and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (Gonadorelin: GnRH) at oestrus, and were inseminated at 8 and 32 h later if oestrus at 0800, or 16 and 40 h later if oestrus at 1600. Sows assigned to 2e-TAI (n = 110) received eCG and GnRH 24 h and 96 h after weaning, respectively, and were inseminated 16 and 40 h after GnRH administration. Sows showing oestrus at GnRH administration or 64 h after were inseminated immediately, for a total of three inseminations. Ultrasonographic evaluations were performed to determine the follicular diameter and time of ovulation. Most sows in the 2e-TAI and eG-TAI groups ovulated 0-48 h after the GnRH injection. Our results indicated that oestrus rate within seven days after weaning in the experimental groups was higher, and weaning-to-oestrus interval was shorter than in the control group (99.3 h vs 113.5 h, P < 0.05). The breeding and farrowing rates in the experimental groups were significantly higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), while the numbers of total born, live-born and stillborn were not different among the three groups (Control: 12.7, 11.6 and 1.1; 2e-TAI: 12.4, 11.3 and 1.0; eG-TAI: 12.0, 11.4 and 0.4, respectively). These results indicated that TAI could ensure a high farrowing rate in primiparous sows under batch farrowing management.
RBF and GRNN Neural Network Model in the Evaluation of River Health (2012)

The use of AHP to build medium-sized and small rivers in line with regional health evaluation system and grading standards,based on the RBF and GRNN neural network algorithm theory,RBF and GRNN neural network algorithm river health assessment model is established,interpolation network training samples are constructed,the classification of river health assessment standard value as anticipate ,sample forecast,and as a result of the division of river health assessment based on grades,medium-sized and small rivers in the region of health evaluation and analysis in Wenshan.The results show that: ①RBF and GRNN neural network model of regional small river health assessment results are identical,the results of evaluation with BP neural network are basically identical,indicating that the research on establishing a model for river health assessment and evaluation methods is reasonable and feasible,compared with BP network algorithm ratio,RBF and GRNN neural network model with fast convergence,the prediction accuracy is high,not easy to fall into local minimum,etc.,and adjust few parameters,only one SPREAD parameters,prediction and evaluation of the network can be faster,with greater computing advantage.②Wenshan region's main river health evaluation Ⅱ～Ⅲ grade level,that is between health and sub-health,an objective reflection of the health of small and medium-sized rivers.This paper serves as a reference for the sustainable management of the regional rivers and ecological environment construction.
Attosecond light science and its application for probing quantum materials (2020)

Abstract In this paper, we review the development and application of coherent short wavelength light sources implemented using the high harmonic generation (HHG) process. The physics underlying HHG brought quantum physics into the domain of attosecond time-scales for the first time. The observation and manipulation of electron dynamics on such short time-scales—a capability not conceived—of just a few decades ago—is becoming both more-and-more sophisticated and useful as a route to achieve exquisite control over short wavelength light. New experimental techniques are enabling HHG light sources to provide new insights into fundamental quantum interactions in materials, making it possible for the first time to capture the fastest charge, spin, photon and phonon interactions and to achieve diffraction-limited imaging at short wavelengths.
Logic Locking for Secure Outsourced Chip Fabrication: A New Attack and\n Provably Secure Defense Mechanism (2017)

Chip designers outsource chip fabrication to external foundries, but at the\nrisk of IP theft. Logic locking, a promising solution to mitigate this threat,\nadds extra logic gates (key gates) and inputs (key bits) to the chip so that it\nfunctions correctly only when the correct key, known only to the designer but\nnot the foundry, is applied. In this paper, we identify a new vulnerability in\nall existing logic locking schemes. Prior attacks on logic locking have assumed\nthat, in addition to the design of the locked chip, the attacker has access to\na working copy of the chip. Our attack does not require a working copy and yet\nwe successfully recover a significant fraction of key bits from the design of\nthe locked chip only. Empirically, we demonstrate the success of our attack on\neight large benchmark circuits from a benchmark suite that has been tailored\nspecifically for logic synthesis research, for two different logic locking\nschemes. Then, to address this vulnerability, we initiate the study of provably\nsecure logic locking mechanisms. We formalize, for the first time to our\nknowledge, a precise notion of security for logic locking. We establish that\nany locking procedure that is secure under our definition is guaranteed to\ncounter our desynthesis attack, and all other such known attacks. We then\ndevise a new logic locking procedure, Meerkat, that guarantees that the locked\nchip reveals no information about the key or the designer's intended\nfunctionality. A main insight behind Meerkat is that canonical representations\nof boolean functionality via Reduced Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (ROBDDs)\ncan be leveraged effectively to provide security. We analyze Meerkat with\nregards to its security properties and the overhead it incurs. As such, our\nwork is a contribution to both the foundations and practice of securing digital\nICs.\n
High Spin Torque Efficiency of Magnetic Tunnel Junctions with MgO/CoFeB/MgO Free Layer (2012)

We present the results of a perpendicular magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) that displays simultaneously low critical switching current and voltage, as well as high thermal stability factor. These results were achieved using a free layer of the MgO/CoFeB/MgO structure by increasing the spin torque efficiency to an average of 3.0 kBT/µA for 37-nm-diameter junctions, about three times that of a MgO/CoFeB/Ta free layer, which makes it the highest value reported to date. By comparing two films with different RA, hence different switching voltage and power, we explore the contributions of heating and voltage-modulated anisotropy change to the switching properties.
Frailty and Risk of Serious Infections in Biologic-treated Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (2020)

In biologic-treated patients with IBD, frailty assessed using a claims-based frailty index was not independently associated with increased risk of serious infections. Future studies evaluating objective and biological measures of frailty are warranted to risk-stratify older patients with IBD.
Path optimization for oil probe (2014)

We discuss a robust method for optimal oil probe path planning inspired by medical imaging. Horizontal wells require three-dimensional steering made possible by the rotary steerable capabilities of the system, which allows the hole to intersect multiple target shale gas zones. Horizontal "legs" can be over a mile long; the longer the exposure length, the more oil and natural gas is drained and the faster it can flow. More oil and natural gas can be produced with fewer wells and less surface disturbance. Horizontal drilling can help producers tap oil and natural gas deposits under surface areas where a vertical well cannot be drilled, such as under developed or environmentally sensitive areas. Drilling creates well paths which have multiple twists and turns to try to hit multiple accumulations from a single well location. Our algorithm can be used to augment current state of the art methods. Our goal is to obtain a 3D path with nodes describing the optimal route to the destination. This algorithm works with BIG data and saves cost in planning for probe insertion. Our solution may be able to help increase the energy extracted vs. input energy.
Reaction of 1,2- and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with dimethyl .beta.-ketoglutarate. I. Synthesis of methyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxocoumarin-.DELTA. 4(3H),.alpha.-acetate (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleReaction of 1,2- and 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with dimethyl .beta.-ketoglutarate. I. Synthesis of methyl 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-5-oxocoumarin-.DELTA. 4(3H),.alpha.-acetateD. Yang, D. Foerst, J. Oehldrich, and J. M. CookCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 4, 743–744Publication Date (Print):February 20, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 20 February 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00866a050RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (226 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Handedness Dependent Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Hybrid Chiral Metamaterials (2015)

We provide the first experimental demonstration of the handedness dependent electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in chiral metamaterials during the interaction with circularly polarized waves. The observed chiral-sensitive EIT phenomena arise from the coherent excitation of a non-radiative mode in the component split ring resonators (SRRs) produced by the corresponding Born-Kuhn type (radiative) resonators that are responsible for the pronounced chirality. The coherent coupling, which is dominated by the bonding and antibonding resonances of the Born-Kuhn type resonators, leads to an extremely steep dispersion for a circularly polarized wave of predefined handedness. Accordingly, retrieved effective medium parameters from simulated results further reveal a difference of 80 in the group indices for left- and right-handed circularly polarized waves at frequencies within the EIT window, which can potentially result in handedness-sensitive pulse delays. These chiral metamaterials which enable a handedness dependent EIT effect may provide more degrees of freedom for designing circular polarization based communication devices.
PARTITIONING BEHAVIOR OF PORPHYRIN DYES IN AQUEOUS BIPHASIC SYSTEMS (1999)

ABSTRACT The partition of protoporphyrin IX and the phthallocyanine dye, propyl astra blue iodide, in aqueous biphasic systems (ABS) and onto aqueous biphasic extraction chromatographic (ABEC™) resins has been examined. Solubility of protoporphyrin IX was found to be too low for recovery by ABS other than by use of thermoseparating surfactants. Partitioning behavior of the phthallocyanine dye was found to depend on the salting-out strength of the salt. As a result of the partition of this dye to the interface of ABS, the adoption of ABEC for recovery of this dye is more favorable.
Overcoming barriers to colorectal cancer screening tests. (2008)

Public lectures are effective in improving compliance with the CRC screening test. Physicians should recommend these tests to appropriate individuals. Same-gender gastroenterologists should be considered for individuals uneasy about someone from the opposite gender performing the test. Assessing the various health-promotion efforts can direct us in implementing finite resources to greatest effect. Local cancer institutes and societies may be supportive in disseminating screening information in this way.
P1‐330: Simple in vitro screening assays for agents that inhibit beta‐amyloid deposition or promote beta‐amyloid phagocytosis (2012)

A-beta deposits powerfully stimulate inflammation in AD brain. Agents that inhibit the buildup of these deposits, or assist in their phagocytosis should be effective therapeutic agents. We developed simple in vitro screening assays to identify such agents as a preliminary to in vivo testing. Inhibition of beta-amyloid aggregation. For details see J-P Guo et al., JAD 19; 2010. Test agents were mixed with a fluorophore labeled beta-amyloid 42 probe for 30 minutes at 37C. The mixture was then applied in the dark to plaque containing AD brain sections for one hour at room temperature. Binding of the A-beta fluorophore to A-beta deposits was observed microscopically. Inhibition of test agents was assessed quantitatively. Enhancement of phagocytosis. Uptake of FluoSphere beads (diameter 0.02um) by THP1 cells was assessed. Test agents and 1ul of 0.025% microsphere beads were added into wells containing 2X10 4 THP1 cells in 200ul of HBSS. The mixture was incubated in the dark for one hour at 37C. After washing with HBSS, the cells were smeared on glass slides, air-dried and fixed in methanol/acetone (1:1). The fluoro-phagocytosis signal was observed microscopically and enhancement of phagocytosis determined semi-quantitatively. For beta-amyloid phagocytosis, 1ul of 0.1mg/ml beta-amyloid-HiLyte488 probe and test agents were similarly added to wells and incubated for one hour at 37C. The cells were treated and observed as the described previously. Several thousand medicinal agents were tested for their ability to inhibit beta amyloid binding and several hundred for enhancing its phagocytosis by THP-1 cells. Some highlights were that 1mg/ml of 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-b-D-glucopyranose (PGG) completely blocked fluoro-beta-amyloid probe binding while 0.5ug/ml enhanced phagocytosis . 1mg/ml of resveratrol partially blocked fluoro-beta-amyloid probe binding while 50ug/ml enhanced phagocytosis. 5mg/ml of (-)-borneol almost completely blocked fluoro-beta-amyloid probe binding while 25ng/ml enhanced phagocytosis. 0.5mg/ml of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) almost completely blocked fluoro-beta-amyloid binding, but even at 50ug/ml it had no effect on phagocytosis. 0.5% ginger extract completely blocked fluoro-beta-amyloid binding but 2.5% completely blocked phagocytosis. PGG, resveratrol and borneol are attractive agents for in vivo testing because they can hinder beta-amyloid deposition while enhancing its phagocytosis by THP1 cells.
Neutron Bragg edge imaging for strain characterization in powder bed additive manufacturing environments (2022)

Spatially resolved studies of crystalline structures, e.g. lattice spacings, are enabled by recording the transmitted spectra in neutron Bragg edge imaging. The recorded signals are, however, a result of through-thickness averaging of the probed specimen in the beam direction. Therefore, it is challenging to extract the strain distribution when the strain varies across the thickness, which applies for studies on different materials or material states along the beam. Here we introduce the approach to disentangle contributions to the recorded signals, i.e. separating the transmission spectra of two different material states. This is particularly applicable to powder bed additive manufacturing environments where operando strain characterization of the printed specimen using neutrons is intended. In this work, Laser Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB/M)-built 316L and IN718 samples embedded in their corresponding powders are used, extracting the desired spectra of the printed specimen. The disentanglement is proven to be satisfactory by obtaining coinciding strain maps of identical specimens embedded in powder layers of different thicknesses. Furthermore, the obtained residual strain distributions of 316L samples were verified by conventional neutron diffraction with lower spatial resolution due to the gauge volume averaging.
Electron microscopic immunohistochemical localization of growth hormone‐release inhibiting hormone (somatostatin) in the rat median eminence (1974)

Abstract Using an immunohistochemical technique at the electron microscopic level, we have observed that growth hormone‐release inhibiting hormone (somatostatin), the hormone which inhibits the release of growth hormone, is contained in the secretory granules of many nerve endings mainly located in the external zone of the median eminence.
Design and production of efficient current leads for 1500-A, 50-Hz service in a 77-4 K temperature gradient (1994)

Two arrays of BSCCO 2223 bars were designed and produced for use in current leads for a power utility fault-current limiter operating at 4 K. Each conduction-cooled array, consisting of four parallel bars arranged within a 100-mm-diameter boundary, delivered 1,500 A peak, 50-Hz AC through a 77-4 K temperature gradient while dissipating < 0.2 W. The sinter-forged bars displayed DC critical current densities of 950--1,300 A/cm{sup 2} at 77 K and > 5,000 A/cm{sup 2} at 4 K. Magnetic field sensitivity was relatively low. Thermal conductivity tests showed values higher than literature values for polycrystalline BSCCO 2223 made by other processes.
The chemistry of platinum hydrides. Part XXX. The chemical and structural effects of steric overcrowding in the compounds cis- and trans-H[R3Sn]Pt(PCy3)2, R = Ph, Cl (1988)

The reaction of Pt 0 (PCy 3 ) 2 with triphenyltin hydride yields cis-H(Ph 3 Sn)Pt(PCy 3 ) 2 as the initial product; isomerization to the trans isomer is accelerated by light, heat, and the presence of free phosphine. Both isomers have been characterized by multinuclear nmr spectroscopy; in particular, the 31 P { 1 H} spectra in solution are correlated with the solid state CP/MAS 31 P nmr spectra and the crystal structure. The crystal structures of trans-H(X 3 Sn)Pt(PCy 3 ) 2 X = Ph or Cl have been determined and the nature of the distortions produced by steric overcrowding is identified and discussed.