gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insert beyond the traffic sign recognition (2018)

Traffic sign recognition (TSR) systems on the vehicles can collect posted speed limit sign information and have been in commercial usage since 2008. A daily-updated auto-pilot map can be constructed based on the massive amounts of TSR observations from multiple consumer vehicles; the data is then aggregated, filtered and processed, and the learned posted speed limit signs can be finally transferred to vehicles with high-coverage and real-time speed limit information. Compared with the direct sign detection by TSR systems, the auto-pilot map can complement the current detection errors, reduce the camera cost and provide a continuous speed limit information for autonomous vehicle applications. A pipeline of methods are specifically designed to deliver our research purpose by making full utilization of TSR observations and HERE map. Experimental results indicate that our proposed algorithms and methods can construct an auto-pilot map with an overall accuracy of 95.8%. It is also expected to update the speed limit information in a map at a faster pace than the traditional map since we are using sensors of customer vehicles instead of dedicated map construction vehicles. The utility of our proposed auto-pilot map opens a new perspective in autonomous driving.
Solvent-Free Protein Encapsulation within Biodegradable Polymer Foams (2004)

Microporous poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) matrices containing encapsulated proteins were fabricated in a solvent-free manner. Microporous foam was generated by saturating a mixture of polymer and protein particles in supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2), dispersing the protein particles in the polymer melt followed by a rapid evaporation of the CO2 phase. The release rates of protein encapsulated within porous poly(lactide-co-glycolide)(PLGA) constructs produced in SC-CO2 were measured in vitro. Although a substantial amount of protein was released within the first 48 h, results indicated that protein may be dispersed throughout the polymer phase and released over 3 weeks using this solvent-free technique. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), known to promote angiogenesis in vivo, was encapsulated within the polymer matrix. In addition, retention of biological activity was measured for bFGF encapsulated within PLGA foams. Encapsulated bFGF was released from the porous constructs for up to 10 days in vitro with little loss of biological activity.
Endothelin Inhibition Potentiates Cancer Immunotherapy Revealing Mechanical Biomarkers Predictive of Response (2021)

Abstract Immunotherapy efficacy depends on T cell trafficking to tumors and migrating to malignant cells to kill them. One barrier to T cell homing is the tumor blood vessel wall, which inhibits T cell attachment and transmigration through the endothelin B receptor, but antagonizing this receptor has not led to a clinically approved drug. One reason may be tumor hypo‐perfusion, which limits the area of perfused vessels for T cell attachment. If collapsed vessels can be decompressed and re‐perfused by alleviating tumor stiffness, then endothelin B receptor antagonism can improve immunotherapy. Here, it is tested whether the nonselective endothelin receptor blocker, bosentan, by simultaneously interfering with endothelin A receptor induced fibrosis, can normalize the tumor microenvironment thereby acting as a “mechanotherapeutic.” Tumor stiffness is monitored with ultrasound elastography and nanomechanical properties with atomic force microscopy to find an optimal dose, which reprograms cancer‐associated fibroblasts resulting in reduced collagen thereby decompressing vessels. Through this mechanism, T cell association with tumor vessels increases and immunosuppressive hypoxia is reduced. Additionally, bosentan increases the CD8 + T cells proliferating fraction. Ultrasound stiffness measurements correlate well with response to immunotherapy, suggesting the potential role of ultrasound elastography as a predictive biomarker of response to immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Performance limitations of an analog method for solving simultaneous linear equations (1982)

The limitations inherent in a recently proposed analog method for solving simultaneous linear equations are examined, and methods for overcoming some of these limitations are discussed. In its original form the method requires that all eigenvalues of the matrix of coefficients lie in a unit circle centered on (1,0) in the complex plane. Proper scaling of the matrix and the data vector extends this region to the entire right half of the complex plane (neglecting the effects of noise). A modification of the algorithm is described that allows the region to be further extended to the entire complex plane. If the product of the gains in the forward and feedback branches is not unity, the solution produced by the algorithm is shown to be in error. Finally, the effects of noise, which is inevitably significant in any analog realization of the algorithm, are examined. Noise is found to produce a limiting mean square error of the solution, thus preventing perfect convergence to the ideal solution vector. A procedure for determination of when to stop the iteration is proposed.
Monitoring of disease-related volatile organic compounds in simulated room air (2014)

We have investigated the reduction in the influence of room air contamination on the monitoring of lung cancer-related volatile organic compounds (VOCs), namely, nonanal, n-decane, and acetoin, and sugar diabetes-related VOCs, namely, acetone and methyl i-butyl ketone. We have used a gas comprising a mixture of 300 μg/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> of 31 kinds of VOCs as this has been proposed to resemble an indoor air-like gas. We have used six sensors comprising four commercially available sensors (TGS 2600, 2610, 2610, and 2620) and two Pt, Pd, and Au-loaded SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors (Pt, Pd, Au/SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) to monitor the gases for detecting lung cancer-related VOCs and sugar diabetes-related VOCs. We analyzed sensor signals using principal component analysis. When a total of six sensors (TGS and Pt, Pd, Au/SnO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors) was used, we could successfully discriminate between lung cancer- and sugar diabetes-related VOCs. The sensor that has small value for the difference in sensor response, which is the difference in sensor response between 1 ppm of target gases in pure air and those in simulated room air, should be selected from the array of six sensors for a more improved discrimination accuracy under simulated room air conditions.
Doctor, Why Is My Herpes So Bad? The Search Continues (2008)

In this issue of the Journal, Hobbs et al. [ 1 ] present evidence that the severity of herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (HSV-1) infection may be associated with a genotype on human chromosome 21. Their report explicitly addresses a question that is frequently presented to general clinicians and those specializing in infectious diseases and sexually transmitted infections: why is my herpes so bad? Implicit subtexts concern the normalcy of the immune system, as well as the possibility of an intervention predicated on the mechanisms behind variations in severity. Although no definitive answers are provided by the current study, these questions are well worth asking and have been approached from several angles in recent years. With exceptions, such as rabies, infections display great variation in disease severity. For chronic infections, such as those caused by herpesviruses, both the primary and recurrent episodes may range in severity from clinically quite significant, leading to doctor visits and time lost from work, to clinically silent, occurring without signs or symptoms [2]. This spectrum is particularly apparent among persons considered to be immunocompetent. Findings of type-specific HSV serological assays have been correlated with clinical histories to demonstrate that
Simultaneous Motion Estimation and Segmentation Based on Pixel-wise Matching Information. (1996)

The method proposed in this paper uses the area of the region around each pixel with small matching errors as a criterion for motion estimation and segmentation. This area is calculated for each displacement vector through directional distance transformation of a binary image obtained by threshoulding the matching error at each pixel. On the basis of this area, the proposed method selects candidate vectors at each pixel and determines one of them to be the motion vector by majority rule in a local region. As a result, an image is divided into regions with uniform motion. This method has the advantage of being insensitive to surface textures since it uses only matching errors. The simulation results show that this method can perform well both motion estimation and segmentation even along motion boundaries when regions with coherent motion are relatively large.
Low-voltage Si-Ge Avalanche Photodiodes for Datacom (2019)

Silicon photonics is promising to resolve the tremendous data communication growth in data centers and high performance computing (HPC) due to its low cost and high integrability. Using advanced modulation scheme, such as PAM4, and adding more wavelengths are two directions to aggregate more bandwidth in a fiber. Either way requires high-sensitivity optical receivers to compensate reduced signal or additional link loss. Silicon photonic receivers by integrating silicon-germanium (Si-Ge) avalanche photodiodes (APDs) can improve the optical link budget and energy efficiency due to its internal multiplication gain. Conventional Si-Ge APDs with separate absorption charge multiplication (SACM) structures have demonstrated high gain-bandwidth product (GBP) thanks to the ideal impact ionization coefficient ratio of Si which is much lower than most III-V materials. By thinning the Si multiplication layer, the breakdown voltage can be reduced to as low as -10V, making it compatible with the power grids in data centers. Three-terminal Si-Ge APDs by separately controlling the electric fields in the Ge absorption and Si avalanche regions can further reduce the breakdown voltage to -6 V. Compared to conventional two-terminal SACM APDs, this structure requires no charge layer, making the device viable in the standard CMOS fabrication process where there is no epitaxial silicon layer. Here we demonstrate two Si-Ge APDs: a two-terminal waveguide-coupled Si-Ge APD with breakdown voltage of -10V, GBP of 276 GHz, open eye diagram at data rate of 64 Gb/s PAM4 and sensitivity of -16 dBm at data rate of 50 Gb/s PAM4, and a three-terminal waveguide-coupled Si-Ge APD with breakdown voltage of -6 V, bandwidth of 18.9 GHz, DC photocurrent gain of 15, open eye diagram at data rate of 35 Gb/s and sensitivity of -11.4 dBm at data rate of 25 Gb/s.
THE TREATMENT OF UNSTABLE DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES WITH VOLAR FIXATION (2000)

Stable internal fixation and early motion has not been routinely available for distal radius fractures. Difficulties with the dorsal approach discourage surgeons from internally fixing the most common fracture types. The introduction of a new volar plate with subchondral support fixation allows the treatment of most distal radius fractures with stable internal fixation and early motion while avoiding the complications inherent in the dorsal approach.
Impact of Thermoelectric Effects on Phase Change Memory Characteristics (2015)

Joule heating in phase change memory (PCM) controls programming characteristics, read disturb, and programming disturb. To optimize the energy consumption and reliability of PCM, a thorough understanding of Joule heating as a function of the electrical operation of the device is thus strongly required. This paper presents a comprehensive characterization of thermoelectric (TE) effects in PCM operated at positive and negative voltage polarity. The impact of polarity was studied for all major temperature-dependent properties of the PCM device, namely, melting, crystallization, ion migration, threshold switching, and holding. It was demonstrated that heating is less efficient under negative voltage, compared with positive voltage. It was also shown that the positive and negative voltages needed to induce all above phenomena display a universal correlation. We propose a unified finite-element model for the PCM, which correctly accounts for the observed polarity-dependent heating and the universal voltage characteristics. The impact of isotropic scaling on TE is finally addressed.
How to Use SNARKs in Universally Composable Protocols. (2015)

The past several years have seen tremendous advances in practical, general-purpose, non-interactive proof systems called SNARKs. These building blocks are efficient and convenient, with multiple publicly available implementations, including tools to compile high-level code (e.g., written in C) to arithmetic circuits, the native representation used by SNARK construc-tions. However, while we would like to use these primitives in UC-secure protocols—which are provably-secure even when composed with other arbitrary concurrently-executing protocols— the SNARK definition is not directly compatible with this framework, due to its use of non black-box knowledge extraction. We show several constructions to transform SNARKs into UC-secure NIZKs, along with benchmarks and an end-to-end application example showing that the added overhead is tolerable. Our constructions rely on embedding cryptographic algorithms into the SNARK proof sys-tem. Ordinarily, cryptographic constructions are chosen and tuned for implementation on CPUs or in hardware, not as arithmetic circuits. We therefore also explore SNARK-friendly cryptog-raphy, describing several protocol parameterizations, implementations, and performance com-parisons for encryption, commitments, and other tasks. This is also of independent interest for use in other SNARK-based applications. 1
Severe Hypertension and Multiple Atrial Premature Contractions following Naloxone Administration (1979)

*Assistant Professor, Department of Anesthesiology, New York University Medical Center, 560 First Ave, New York, New York 10016. †Professor and Chairman, Department of Anesthesiology, 560 First Ave, New York, New York 10016. Accepted for publication August 6, 1979. Reprint requests to Dr. Azar, Beth Israel Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology, 10 Nathan D. Perlman Place, New York, NY 10003.
Traumatic Left Renal Artery Stenosis Managed with Splenorenal Bypass (1990)

Splenorenal arterial bypass is a well established technique for the treatment of left renal artery occlusive disease. The following is a case report of the use of splenorenal bypass in the management of concomitant traumatic left renal artery intimal dissection and splenic laceration. Arteriographic and intraoperative findings are presented as well as a review of pertinent literature.
Deep-Neural-Network-Based Wavelength Selection and Switching in ROADM Systems (2018)

Recent advances in software and hardware greatly improve the multi-layer control and management of reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) systems facilitating wavelength switching. However, ensuring stable performance and reliable quality of transmission (QoT) remain difficult problems for dynamic operation. Optical power dynamics that arise from a variety of physical effects in the amplifiers and transmission fiber complicate the control and performance predictions in these systems. We present a deep-neural-network-based machine learning method to predict the power dynamics of a 90-channel ROADM system from data collection and training. We further show that the trained deep neural network can recommend wavelength assignments for wavelength switching with minimal power excursions.
A Plate-type Micro Diaphragm Pump Driven by Electro-Conjugate Fluid (2004)

An electro-conjugate fluid (ECF), which generates powerful jet flow under high voltage supply, is a kind of functional fluids. The fluid is suitable for micro actuation. In this study, we develop a new type of plate-type micro diaphragm pump driven by ECF. We propose the driving principle of the micro pump, and fabricate a prototype of the pump. The Experimental results confirm the usability of the micro pump.
Model predictive current control for high-power grid-connected converters with output LCL filter (2009)

A model predictive control strategy for a high-power, grid connected 3-level neutral clamped point converter is presented. Power losses constraints set a limit on commutation losses so reduced switching frequency is required, thus producing low frequency current harmonics. To reduce these harmonics an LCL filter is used. The proposed control strategy allows control of the active and reactive power fed into the grid, reduce the switching frequency within acceptable operational margins and keep balance of the DC-link capacitor voltages while avoiding excitation of the filter resonance frequencies.
Effect of Altering the tRNA\batchmode \documentclass[fleqn,10pt,legalpaper]{article} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amsmath} \pagestyle{empty} \begin{document} \(_{3}^{Lys}\) \end{document}Concentration in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 upon Its Annealing to Viral RNA, GagPol Incorporation, and Viral Infectivity (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) uses tRNA(Lys)(3) as a primer for reverse transcription and, during viral assembly, this tRNA is selectively packaged into the virus along with the other major tRNA(Lys), tRNA(Lys)(3). Increasing the cytoplasmic concentration of tRNA(Lys)(3) through transfection of cells with a plasmid containing both HIV-1 proviral DNA and a tRNA(Lys)(3) gene results in a greater incorporation of tRNA(Lys)(3) into virions, which is accompanied by increased annealing of tRNA(Lys)(3) to the viral genome and increased infectivity of the viral population. Increased viral tRNA(Lys)(3) is accompanied by decreased viral tRNA(Lys)(3), with the total tRNA(Lys)/virion and the GagPol/Gag ratios remaining unchanged. Viral tRNA(Lys) can be doubled, with increases in both tRNA(Lys)(3) and tRNA(Lys)(1,2) concentrations, by overexpressing lysyl tRNA synthetase. This also results in increased tRNA(Lys)(3) annealing to the viral RNA and increased viral infectivity but, again, no change in the GagPol/Gag ratio was observed. This result indicates that GagPol, whose interaction is required during packaging, is not a limiting factor during tRNA(Lys) incorporation into HIV-1, whereas LysRS is.
New sol-gel synthetic route to phospho-olivines as environmentally friendly cathodes for Li-ion cells. (2003)

A new sol-gel synthetic route was developed to prepare single-phase phospho-olivines LiMPO4 (M = Fe or Mn), potential cathode materials for the next generation of Li-ion secondary batteries. Triethyl phosphite was used as phosphate organic precursor, with absolute ethanol as solvent. The sol-gel synthesis ensures homogeneity of the precursors at the nanometric scale and improved reactivity, allowing to obtain very small agglomerates and crystal grain size. Several carbon sources were used in order to improve the electrochemical performances of the samples. Galvanostatic cycling tests of the cathodic materials were made on coin cells with Li metal as anode in order to study the influence of the synthesis and the structural-morphological characteristics on the electrochemical performance of the phosphate/C composite.
Singlet Photochemistry of Vinyl Cyclopropenes: Regioselectivity and Mechanism; Mechanistic and Exploratory Organic Photochemistry (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSinglet Photochemistry of Vinyl Cyclopropenes: Regioselectivity and Mechanism; Mechanistic and Exploratory Organic PhotochemistryHoward E. Zimmerman and David W. WilsonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 3, 692–697Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00108a036https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00108a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views217Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Conventional Free Radical Polymerization ofN‐VinylPyrrolidone Homopolymers (2021)

Abstract This chapter focuses on the synthesis of polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) in a variety of forms, and describes methodologies to produce soluble, branched, and crosslinked versions. It explains critical factors involved in the conventional free‐radical polymerization processes employing thermal initiators to manufacture PVP. PVP is soluble in water and polar solvents, insoluble in esters, ethers, and hydrocarbons. There are generally two types of free‐radical initiator used commercially. These are peroxide‐based, or azo‐based. Molecular weight control over the polyvinyl pyrrolidone polymer is affected by both the initiator concentration as well as the monomer concentration. The use of a water soluble azo‐initiator in the polymerization of N‐vinyl pyrrolidone was performed using Vazo‐50 initiator. Azo‐mediated N‐vinyl pyrrolidone homopolymerization in water can be initiated by sparingly soluble to freely‐soluble azo‐initiators. A number of different approaches to reduce residual monomer levels have been applied in the production of free‐radical polymers.
Patient Profiling Can Identify Spondylolisthesis Patients at Risk for Conversion from Nonoperative to Operative Treatment (2018)

Prognostic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Gelling Properties of Egg White Produced Using a Conventional and a Low‐shear Reverse Osmosis Process (2002)

ABSTRACT: Gelling properties of heat‐induced egg white (EW) powders obtained using a conventional (control) and a reverse osmosis (RO) process were investigated under different pHs (3–9) and protein concentrations (5–20%) by dynamic and uniaxial compression rheological tests. At pH 9, temperature sweep tests indicated that gelation behavior of RO and control samples were similar. Both gelation temperature and G′ were concentration‐dependent; the increase in G′ with concentration followed a power‐law relationship with an exponent of 2.42. Failure stress and strain of cured gels were concentration‐ and pH‐ dependent but were not significantly (p = 0.05) different for the two powders. Results suggest that gelling properties of EW powders are not significantly affected by the RO treatment.