gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal compression bonding of 20 μm pitch micro bumps with pre-applied underfill - Process and reliability (2015)

Thermal compression bonding (TCB) process in combination with a pre-applied underfill material has been developed and investigated for assembling 20 μm pitch Sn-based micro bumps. It is found bonding force has a profound impact on the joint formation behavior. A low bonding force produces bump joints with heavier underfill entrapment and incompletely reacted solder. A higher bonding force leads to more solder squeezing-out, leaving a thin and completely reacted inter-metallic compound (IMC) layer in the joints. Electrical measurement of the daisy chains on the as-bonded chips does not reveal any significant difference between the samples made with different bonding forces. The reliability of the two types of joints were further studied in two post-bonding tests, namely the resistance measurement of daisy chains at an elevated temperature and stack-level thermo-cycling test. Both tests show a better reliability performance from the bump joints with less underfill entrapment and completely reacted IMC layer.
A Drive Laser for Multi-Bunch Photoinjector Operation (2012)

Numerous electron beam applications would benefit from increased average current without sacrificing beam brightness. Work is underway at LLNL to investigate the performance of X-band photoinjectors that would generate electron bunches at a rate matching the RF drive frequency, i.e. one bunch per RF cycle. A critical part of this effort involves development of photo-cathode drive laser technology. Here we present a new laser architecture that can generate pulse trains at repetition rates up to several GHz. This compact, fiber-based system is driven directly by the accelerator RF and so is inherently synchronized with the accelerating fields, and scales readily over a wide range of drive frequencies (L-band through X-band). The system will be required to produce 0.5 {mu}J, {approx}200 fs rise time, spatially and temporally shaped UV pulses designed to optimize the electron beam brightness. Presented is the current status of this system, producing 2 ps pulses from a continuous-wave source.
A tight characterization of NP with 3 query PCPs (2002)

It is known that there exists a PCP characterization of NP where the verifier makes 3 queries and has a one-sided error that is bounded away from 1; and also that 2 queries do not suffice for such a characterization. Thus PCPs with 3 queries possess non-trivial verification power and motivate the task of determining the lowest error that can be achieved with a 3-query PCP. Recently, Hastad (1997) has shown a tight characterization of NP by constructing a 3-query PCP verifier with "error" arbitrarily close to 1/2. Unfortunately this verifier makes two-sided error and Hastad makes essential use of this feature. One-sided error, on the other hand, is a natural notion to associate with a proof system, since it has the desirable property that every rejected proof has a short counterexample. The question of determining the smallest error for which there exists a 3-query PCP verifier making one-sided error and accepting an NP-complete language, however, remained open. We resolve this question by showing that NP has a 3-query PCP with a one-sided error that is arbitrarily close to 1/2. This characterization is tight, i.e., the error cannot be lower. This result is in seeming contradiction with the results of Trevisan (1997) and Zwick (1998) who show that in order to recognize an NP-complete language, the error probability of a PCP verifier making 3 non-adaptive queries and having one-sided error must be at least 5/8. We get around this bottleneck by designing an adaptive 3-query PCP for NP. Our result yields the first tight analysis of an adaptive PCP; and reveals a previously unsuspected separation between the powers of adaptive and non-adaptive PCPs. Our design and analysis of adaptive PCPs can be extended to higher number of queries as well and we give an example of such a proof system with 5 queries. Our adaptive verifiers yield proof systems whose error probabilities match those of previous constructions, while also achieving one-sidedness in the error. This raises new questions about the power of adaptive PCPs, which deserve further study.
Accumulation of periostin in acute exacerbation of familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (2018)

Periostin, an extracellular matrix molecule, is associated with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). It is known that the frequency of familial IPF (FIPF) ranges from 0.5% to 2.2% among IPF cases. However, the relationship between periostin and FIPF has not been previously described. We report the first case of periostin accumulation in the lungs of a patient with an acute exacerbation of FIPF. A 72-year-old woman, diagnosed with FIPF, had been followed up for 5 years. The patient experienced increased dyspnea within a 1-month period and was referred to our hospital. The patient was hypoxic, and chest computed tomography showed rapidly expanding bilateral reticular shadows. Despite pulse-steroid and intravenous-cyclophosphamide therapy, the patient died 25 days after admission. On admission, serum periostin levels were not significantly elevated, while serum fibrotic marker levels were elevated. Immunohistochemical analysis of the lungs on autopsy showed marked accumulation of periostin in the active fibrotic lesions, whereas intact and burned-out areas did not show significant expression of periostin. This case might provide insight into the role of periostin in acute exacerbation of IPF.
<title>Laser synthesis of single-wall carbon nanotubes with time-resolved in-situ diagnostics</title> (2002)

Laser vaporization (LV) is a remarkably versatile technique for the catalytically-aided synthesis of nanomaterials, such as single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNT). SWNT show remarkable promise for future generations of electronics and structural materials, however their application and commercialization has been hampered by a lack of control over the synthesis process, and low production quantities. Time-resolved in situ spectroscopic investigations of the laser-vaporization SWNT-synthesis process are described which are yielding some of the first direct determinations of carbon nanotube growth mechanisms and rates necessary to evaluate strategies for controllable synthesis and large- scale production. Our measurements indicate that SWNT grow over extended annealing times during the LV process by the conversion of condensed phase nanoparticle feedstock. These measurements were extended to grow carbon nanotubes by CO<SUB>2</SUB>-laser-annealing heat treatments of carbon and metal nanoparticle mixtures, offering an alternative synthesis approach to vapor-phase methods. These results present opportunities for scaled-up production of nanomaterials compatible with commercial high-power laser technology.
Energy‐Resolved Mass Spectrometry as a Tool for Identification of Lignin Depolymerization Products (2022)

Lignin is the largest source of bio-based aromatic compounds in nature, and its valorization is essential to the sustainability of lignocellulosic biorefining. Characterizing lignin-derived compounds remains challenging due to the heterogeneity of this biopolymer. Tandem mass spectrometry is a promising tool for lignin structural analytics, as fragmentation patterns of model compounds can be extrapolated to identify characteristic moieties in complex samples. This work extended previous resonance excitation-type collision-induced dissociation (CID) methods that identified lignin oligomers containing β-O-4, β-5, and β-β bonds, to also identify characteristics of 5-5, β-1, and 4-O-5 dimers, enabled by quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) CID with energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS). Overall, QTOF-ERMS offers in-depth structural information and could ultimately contribute to tools for high-throughput lignin dimer identification.
Biomagnetic measurement system for supine subjects with expanded sensor array and real-time noise reduction (2015)

A biomagnetic measurement system was developed, suitable for the detection of magnetospinogram (MSG) and magnetocardiogram (MCG) signals from the dorsal surface of supine subjects. It is effective for noninvasively observing the electric activity of the spinal cord and/or heart. These biomagnetic signals are extremely weak, and magnetic flux sensors based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are necessary to detect them. However, highly sensitive magnetic field measurement often suffers from ultra low-band circumstance noise mainly caused by transportation in urban areas. We applied reference sensors for monitoring the circumstance noise, and their outputs multiplied by appropriate weight coefficients were directly input to the feedback coil of a SQUID gradiometer. Synthesized in-phase components reduced the ultra low-band noise by approximately 90%. Both the MSG and MCG signals were successfully detected in a moderately magnetically shielded room. Even though the MCG signal band overlapped the ultra low-band noise, the signal-to-noise ratio was improved.
INTERNAL COLUMN-TO-COLUMN HEAT TRANSFER CHARACTERISTICS FOR ENERGY-SAVING DISTILLATION SYSTEM (2006)

An experimental study was performed to observe heat transfer characteristics for design of an internal heat integrated distillation column system. The overall heat transfer coefficient and temperature difference were measured between the higherpressure rectifying section and the lower-pressure stripping section. It has been confirmed that the pressure ratio between the rectifying and stripping sections, i.e. the compression ratio is the main parameter controlling the degree of heat integration.
Timely Information Update With Nonorthogonal Multiple Access (2020)

This article studies information freshness in information update systems with nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA). Information freshness is characterized by age of information (AoI), defined as the time elapsed since the generation of the last successfully received update. Conventional orthogonal multiple access (OMA) systems, say time-division multiple access (TDMA) systems, lead to high average AoI when a large number of users take turns to transmit their latest samples to a common receiver over a wireless medium. In contrast to OMA, NOMA allows multiple users to transmit simultaneously. Although NOMA could lead to higher packet error rates (PER) due to the wireless interference among users, we show that higher PERs do not always lead to a higher average AoI. Specifically, our experiments on software-defined radio indicate that NOMA with conventional multiuser decoding (MUD) techniques leads to higher PERs but lower average AoI than OMA does in the high SNR regime. Furthermore, to improve the AoI performance in the medium SNR regime, we combine MUD with physical-layer network coding (PNC), a technique that turns wireless interference into useful network-coding information. PNC works well even when the SNRs of different NOMA users do not differ much. This article is the first attempt to apply PNC to information update systems. Experiments show that the combined use of PNC and MUD reduces the average AoI significantly in a practical network setting. Overall, PNC-enabled NOMA is a promising solution to information update systems.
CFTR activity is enhanced by the novel corrector GLPG2222, given with and without ivacaftor in two randomized trials (2019)

Galapagos NV. Clinical trial registration numbers FLAMINGO, NCT03119649; ALBATROSS, NCT03045523.
Hyperthermic Tumour-Cell Devitalization in Vivo (1977)

A review of the morphologic, biochemical and clinical effects of hyperthermia on malignant cells indicates the presence of two principally different heat-induced alterations. (1) A 'destructive' lysosomal dependent cytoplasmic reaction dominates the tumour-cell devitalization in vivo, probably influenced by the characteristic tumour cell environment. (2) 'Repressive' nuclear abnormalities may be observed, but seem to be secondary in the in vivo reaction. However, under certain conditions (combined treatment modalities) this nuclear effect may be of importance.
Monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial-cadherin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. (2000)

Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cad) is an endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule that is crucial for proper assembly of vascular tubes. Here we show that a monoclonal antibody (BV13) directed to the extracellular region of VE-cad inhibits formation of adherens junctions and capillary-like structures by endothelial cells and blocks angiogenesis in the mouse cornea and in Matrigel plugs in vivo. Systemic administration of BV13 markedly decreases the growth of s.c. Lewis lung or human A431 epidermoid tumors and strongly suppresses the growth of Lewis lung metastases. These data demonstrate that VE-cad is essential for postnatal angiogenesis and thus validate VE-cad as a novel target for antiangiogenesis agents.
Automatic crash detection system for two-wheeled vehicles: design and experimental validation (2019)

In the insurance telematics context, four-wheeled vehicles are being equipped with e-Boxes installed on the battery, allowing an online monitoring of the vehicle motion thanks to an inertial measurement unit and a GPS unit. The main service that the e-Box enables is the automatic reconstruction of the real crash dynamics, and the detection of potentially dangerous situations, with the subsequent automatic activation of rescue operations, both for driver and passengers and for the vehicle itself. How to design such system for two-wheeled vehicles is far from trivial, as the dynamics of two-wheelers is much different, and so are the ways in which accidents may occur. In this work, a novel crash detection algorithm for two-wheeled vehicles is presented, and its validity is proved against experimental data.
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist Efficacy for Stimulating [35S]GTPγS Binding to Rat Cerebellar Membranes Correlates with Agonist-induced Decreases in GDP Affinity (1998)

The relationship between GDP and cannabinoid-stimulated [35S]guanosine-5'-O-(3-thiotriphosphate) ([35S]GTPgammaS) binding was investigated in rat cerebellar membranes. Kinetic analyses showed that [35S]GTPgammaS binding reached steady-state levels and that the association rate was increased by the agonist WIN 55212-2 proportional to the concentration of GDP. Dissociation of [35S]GTPgammaS occurred with two rates (t1/2 = 7 and 170 min), and WIN 55212-2 increased the proportion of sites exhibiting the faster rate. Without GDP, [35S]GTPgammaS bound to membranes with high and low affinity, and WIN 55212-2 had no effect. With 30 microM GDP, [35S]GTPgammaS bound to low and intermediate affinity sites, and WIN 55212-2 induced high affinity [35S]GTPgammaS binding without affecting low affinity sites. GDP competed for high affinity [35S]GTPgammaS binding with high and intermediate affinity in the absence of WIN 55212-2 and with high and low affinity in the presence of WIN 55212-2. Cannabinoid ligands displayed differential abilities to maximally stimulate [35S]GTPgammaS binding in the presence of GDP. Efficacy differences among ligands increased with increasing GDP concentrations. GDP competition curves revealed that agonists induced low affinity GDP Ki values that were proportional to agonist Emax values, indicating that agonist efficacy is determined by displacement of GDP from G-proteins.
HomePlug 1.0 powerline communication LANs—protocol description and performance results (2003)

Abstract Products implementing the HomePlug 1.0 standard allowing high‐speed communication on low‐voltage powerlines have recently started arriving on the U.S. market for home and office networking without the requirement for installing new wires. Effective use of the powerline bandwidth requires robust physical (PHY) and medium access control (MAC) protocols to mitigate the harsh conditions of the powerline channel as well as the capability to support prioritized multimedia traffic. This paper describes powerline communications and the HomePlug 1.0 protocol, based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA), along with its changes to allow prioritized channel access. It then presents performance results for the HomePlug 1.0 protocol using a simulation model, ideal laboratory measurements with actual HomePlug 1.0 devices and field tests in a residential building. Simulation and laboratory data rates were around 6 Mbps, and field tests gave rates from 1.6 to 5.3 Mbps at the application level. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Interpretation of Electrochemical Impedance for Corrosion of a Coated Silver Film in Terms of a Pore-in-Pore Model (2014)

International audience
Optogenetic and chemogenetic strategies for sustained inhibition of pain (2016)

Spatially targeted, genetically-specific strategies for sustained inhibition of nociceptors may help transform pain science and clinical management. Previous optogenetic strategies to inhibit pain have required constant illumination, and chemogenetic approaches in the periphery have not been shown to inhibit pain. Here, we show that the step-function inhibitory channelrhodopsin, SwiChR, can be used to persistently inhibit pain for long periods of time through infrequent transdermally delivered light pulses, reducing required light exposure by >98% and resolving a long-standing limitation in optogenetic inhibition. We demonstrate that the viral expression of the hM4D receptor in small-diameter primary afferent nociceptor enables chemogenetic inhibition of mechanical and thermal nociception thresholds. Finally, we develop optoPAIN, an optogenetic platform to non-invasively assess changes in pain sensitivity, and use this technique to examine pharmacological and chemogenetic inhibition of pain.
BANKSAFE: Visual analytics for big data in large-scale computer networks (2013)

The enormous growth of data in the last decades led to a wide variety of different database technologies. Nowadays, we are capable of storing vast amounts of structured and unstructured data. To address the challenge of exploring and making sense out of big data using visual analytics, the tight integration of such backend services is needed. In this article, we introduce BANKSAFE, which was built for the VAST Challenge 2012 and won the outstanding comprehensive submission award. BANKSAFE is based on modern database technologies and is capable of visually analyzing vast amounts of monitoring data and security-related datasets of large-scale computer networks. To better describe and demonstrate the visualizations, we utilize the Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) Challenge 2012 as case study. Additionally, we discuss lessons learned during the design and development of BANKSAFE, which are also applicable to other visual analytics applications for big data.
A brain-specific pgc1α fusion transcript affects gene expression and behavioural outcomes in mice (2021)

PGC1α is a transcriptional coactivator in peripheral tissues, but its function in the brain remains poorly understood. Various brain-specific <i>Pgc1</i>α isoforms have been reported in mice and humans, including two fusion transcripts (FTs) with non-coding repetitive sequences, but their function is unknown. The FTs initiate at a simple sequence repeat locus ∼570 Kb upstream from the reference promoter; one also includes a portion of a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE). Using publicly available genomics data, here we show that the SINE FT is the predominant form of <i>Pgc1</i>α in neurons. Furthermore, mutation of the SINE in mice leads to altered behavioural phenotypes and significant up-regulation of genes in the female, but not male, cerebellum. Surprisingly, these genes are largely involved in neurotransmission, having poor association with the classical mitochondrial or antioxidant programs. These data expand our knowledge on the role of <i>Pgc1</i>α in neuronal physiology and suggest that different isoforms may have distinct functions. They also highlight the need for further studies before modulating levels of <i>Pgc1</i>α in the brain for therapeutic purposes.
Synthesis and Characterization of Squaraine‐Based Photocrosslinkable Resists for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells (2016)

Organic photovoltaic devices (OPVs) are rapidly approaching the commercialization threshold thanks to continuous advances in conversion efficiencies and device durability. Even though the design of high performing active dyes (polymeric and molecular) has dominated the literature, the formulation of strategies improving stability and processability is at least as important as the achievement of record efficiencies. This paper proposes the use of functional photoresists based on acrylic end‐capped squaraines as the photoactive layer of OPV devices. Our results show that the post‐deposition photopolymerization process leads to insoluble photoactive layers that retain sizeable power conversion efficiencies, improved with respect to those of the parent unexposed materials.
A Mild and Versatile Synthesis for the Preparation of Thiol-Functionalized Polymers (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTA Mild and Versatile Synthesis for the Preparation of Thiol-Functionalized PolymersMikael Trollsås, Craig J. Hawker, James L. Hedrick, Geraldine Carrot, and Jöns HilbornView Author Information Center for Polymer Interfaces and Macromolecular Assemblies, IBM Research Division, Almaden Research Center, 650 Harry Road, San Jose, California 95120-6099 Laboratoire de Polymeres, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne Switzerland Cite this: Macromolecules 1998, 31, 17, 5960–5963Publication Date (Web):July 30, 1998Publication History Received14 May 1998Revised24 June 1998Published online30 July 1998Published inissue 1 August 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma980775ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma980775grapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1510Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Functionalization,Oxides,Polymers,Size exclusion chromatography,Thiols Get e-Alerts