gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fate of Distal Lung Epithelium Cultured in a Decellularized Lung Extracellular Matrix (2015)

Type II cells are the defenders of the alveolus. They produce surfactant to prevent alveolar collapse, they actively transport water to prevent filling of the air sacs that would otherwise prevent gas exchange, and they differentiate to type I epithelial cells. They are an indispensable component of functional lung tissue. To understand the functionality of type II cells in isolation, we sought to track their fate in decellularized matrices and to assess their ability to contribute to barrier function by differentiation to type I alveolar epithelial cells. Rat type II cells were isolated from neonatal rat lungs by labeling with the RTII-70 surface marker and separation using a magnetic column. This produced a population of ∼50% RTII-70-positive cells accompanied by few type I epithelial cells or α-actin-positive mesenchymal cells. This population was seeded into decellularized rat lung matrices and cultured for 1 or 7 days. Culture in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium +10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) resulted in reduced expression of epithelial markers and increased expression of mesenchymal markers. By 7 days, no epithelial markers were visible by immunostaining; nearly all cells were α-actin positive. Gene expression for the mesenchymal markers, α-actin, vimentin, and TGF-βR, was significantly upregulated on day 1 (p=0.0005, 0.0005, and 2.342E-5, respectively). Transcript levels of α-actin and TGF-βR remained high at 7 days (p=1.364E-10 and 0.0002). Interestingly, human type II cells cultured under the same conditions showed a similar trend in the loss of epithelial markers, but did not display high expression of mesenchymal markers. Rat cells additionally showed the ability to produce and degrade the basement membrane and extracellular matrix components, such as fibronectin, collagen IV, and collagen I. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) showed significant increases in expression of the fibronectin and matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) genes after 1 day in culture (p=0.0135 and 0.0128, respectively) and elevated collagen I expression at 7 days (p=0.0016). These data suggest that the original type II-enriched population underwent a transition to increased expression of mesenchymal markers, perhaps as part of a survival or wound-healing program. These results suggest that additional medium components and/or the application of physiologically appropriate stimuli such as ventilation may be required to promote lung-specific epithelial phenotypes.
Figure S1 from MCL1 and DEDD Promote Urothelial Carcinoma Progression (2023)

&lt;p&gt;DEDD and MCL1 overexpression are not necessary for initiation of tumorigenesis.&lt;/p&gt;
System-level electro-thermal analysis of R<inf>DS(ON)</inf> for power MOSFET (2017)

A coupled-electro-thermal R <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS(ON)</inf> (drain to source ON resistance) co-analysis methodology for Power MOSFET is proposed. The methodology contains two functional modules: 1) physical field solvers and 2) equivalent circuit/network solver. The field solver resolves the electrical and thermal field variables by the conventional 3D finite-element method, while the network solver can achieve accurate and efficient results by connecting the equivalent electrical, thermal and flow circuits that are extracted from the system through advanced numerical computational schemes. The integrated equivalent network can then be solved by a generic circuit solver for steady state and transient responses. The methodology is demonstrated, via simulation and measurement, on a 2.5MHz DCDC buck-boost converter. Good correlation between co-analysis methodology and laboratory measurements is achieved.
Elevated Levels of Activator Transposase mRNA Are Associated with High Frequencies of Dissociation Excision in Arabidopsis (1992)

June Swinburne, , Steven R. Scofield, Jonathan D. G. Jones, George Coupland, Elevated Levels of Activator Transposase mRNA Are Associated with High Frequencies of Dissociation Excision in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 4, No. 5 (May, 1992), pp. 583-595
Observation of Electronic Inhomogeneity and Charge Density Waves in a BilayerLa2−2xSr1+2xMn2O7Single Crystal (2013)

We employed a scanning tunneling microscope to image the (001) surface topography and local density of states (LDOS) in La(2-2x)Sr(1+2x)Mn(2)O(7) (x=0.32, LSMO) single crystals below the Curie temperature (T(C)≈120 K). The LDOS maps revealed a stripelike modulation propagating along the tetragonal a axis with a wavelength of about 16 Å, which is indicative of a charge density wave (CDW). The observed CDW in the x=0.32 sample is far from the Fermi surface nesting instability as compared with the data of angle resolved photoemission spectroscopy in an x=0.40 sample. The stripe model developed previously for cuprates can explain the observed CDW in our LSMO sample, indicating that competing interactions between localized and itinerant phases are the origin of the spatial modulations present intrinsically in cuprates and manganites.
CHEMOSENSITIZATION OF BLADDER CARCINOMA CELLS BY BCL-xL ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDES (2001)

Antisense down-regulation of bcl-xL protein sensitizes bladder carcinoma cells to cytotoxic agents. However, it is possible that cellular chemosensitization results from a combination of effects, including nonsequence specificity, irrelevant cleavage and effects of the carriers combined with the specific antisense effects.
Block Polymers (2017)

IUPAC recommendations on source-based nomenclature for single-strand polymers have so far addressed its application mainly to copolymers, non-linear polymers and polymer assemblies, and within generic source-based nomenclature of polymers. In this document, rules are formulated for devising a satisfactory source-based name for a polymer, whether homopolymer or copolymer, which are as clear and rigorous as possible. Thus, the source-based system for naming polymers is presented in a totality that serves as a user-friendly alternative to the structure-based system of polymer nomenclature. In addition, because of their widespread and established use, recommendations for the use of traditional names of polymers are also elaborated.
Effect of Plastic Strain and Recovery Rate on Thermal Fatigue Behavior in High Heat-resistant Ferritic Stainless Steel SUS444 (2018)

Ferritic stainless steels are used for automobile exhaust parts because of their high heat and corrosion resistances. Among them, parts located upstream near engine, so-called hot-end parts, for example, exhaust manifolds, are required to show excellent heat resistance. Since thermal fatigue is induced by repeating heating and cooling with strain restriction, thermal fatigue resistance is one of the most important properties for upstream exhaust-parts materials.
Rationales of Nano‐ and Microencapsulation for Food Ingredients (2014)

In food applications, the nano- and microencapsulation technique improves the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the food ingredients entrapped in a variety of ways such as (i) in the control of bioactive release; and (ii) in the stabilization of the encapsulated product against damage caused by external conditions. In this chapter, some studies of the factors such as oxygen, light, temperature, adverse interaction, and unpleasant taste affecting the quality of food ingredients are reviewed. In addition, nano- and microencapsulation for food ingredients such as vitamins, enzymes, minerals, phytochemicals, lipids, probiotics, and flavours are rationalized due to the numerous benefits in terms of protection, processing, storage, taste, digestion and bioavailability for a variety of food applications. The chapter shows the various encapsulation techniques used, depending on the type of food ingredient to be encapsulated.
Spectrophotometric Study of Magnesium-Bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine System (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpectrophotometric Study of Magnesium-Bissalicylidene-ethylenediamine SystemFrank. Cuttitta and C. E. WhiteCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 12, 2087–2090Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60156a065https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60156a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views35Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SCATTER: Selective Context Attentional Scene Text Recognizer (2020)

Scene Text Recognition (STR), the task of recognizing text against complex image backgrounds, is an active area of research. Current state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods still struggle to recognize text written in arbitrary shapes. In this paper, we introduce a novel architecture for STR, named Selective Context ATtentional Text Recognizer (SCATTER). SCATTER utilizes a stacked block architecture with intermediate supervision during training, that paves the way to successfully train a deep BiLSTM encoder, thus improving the encoding of contextual dependencies. Decoding is done using a two-step 1D attention mechanism. The first attention step re-weights visual features from a CNN backbone together with contextual features computed by a BiLSTM layer. The second attention step, similar to previous papers, treats the features as a sequence and attends to the intra-sequence relationships. Experiments show that the proposed approach surpasses SOTA performance on irregular text recognition benchmarks by 3.7% on average.
Asynchronous policy evaluation and enforcement (2008)

Evaluating and enforcing policies in large-scale networks is one of the most challenging and significant problems facing the network security community today. Current solutions are limited by an out-of-date allow/deny paradigm, and policies are evaluated synchronously and independently at each service. This makes it difficult to detect or defend against multi-stage attacks, or attacks which begin as innocent requests and then later exhibit malicious behavior in the same context. In this paper we describe Arachne, a prototype for asynchronous policy evaluation. We evaluate the system by testing it against pre-recorded traffic containing known and unknown attacks and show that it is capable of processing events at more than 10x the required rate for a deployed, heavily-used network.
A GPU-powered Computational Framework for Efficient 3D Model-based Vision (2011)

We present a generic computational framework that exploits GPU processing to cope with the significant computational requirements of a class of model-based vision problems. We study the structure of this class of problems and map the involved processes to contemporary GPU architectures. The proposed framework has been validated through its application to various instances of the problem of model-based 3D hand tracking. We show that through the exploitation of this framework near real-time performance is achieved in problems that are prohibitively expensive to solve on CPU-only architectures. Additional experiments performed in various GPU architectures demonstrate the scalability of the approach and the distribution of the execution time among the involved processes.
Direct evidence for tumor necrosis factor-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen intermediates and their involvement in cytotoxicity. (1995)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is selectively cytotoxic to some types of tumor cells in vitro and exerts antitumor activity in vivo. Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs) have been implicated in the direct cytotoxic activity of TNF. By using confocal microscopy, flow cytometry, and the ROI-specific probe dihydrorhodamine 123, we directly demonstrate that intracellular ROIs are formed after TNF stimulation. These ROIs are observed exclusively under conditions where cells are sensitive to the cytotoxic activity of TNF, suggesting a direct link between both phenomena. ROI scavengers, such as butylated hydroxyanisole, effectively blocked the formation of free radicals and arrested the cytotoxic response, confirming that the observed ROIs are cytocidal. The mitochondrial glutathione system scavenges the major part of the produced ROIs, an activity that could be blocked by diethyl maleate; under these conditions, TNF-induced ROIs detectable by dihydrorhodamine 123 oxidation were 5- to 20-fold higher.
The Circadian Syndrome Is a Significant and Stronger Predictor for Cardiovascular Disease than the Metabolic Syndrome—The NHANES Survey during 2005–2016 (2022)

The study aimed to compare the predictive value of the Circadian Syndrome (CircS) and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) for cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used data of 12,156 adults aged ≥20 years who attended National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2005-2016. Mortality was obtained from the registry updated to 2019. The CircS was defined based on components of the MetS, in addition to short sleep and depression. Both the MetS and CircS were directly associated with self-reported history of CVD. The odds ratios for prevalent CVD associated with the CircS and MetS, respectively, were 2.92 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.21-3.86) and 3.20 (2.38-4.30) in men, and 3.27 (2.34-4.59) and 3.04 (2.15-4.30) in women. The CircS had a better predictive power for prevalent CVD than that of MetS, as indicated by the higher positive predictive value (PPV); in men, the PPV for prevalent CVD with CircS was 23.1% and with MetS 20.9%, and in women these were 17.9% vs. 16.4%, respectively. However, the PPV of the CircS and MetS did not differ for the CVD mortality prediction. Women with CircS alone had a higher risk for both prevalent CVD and CVD mortality than those with MetS alone. In conclusion, the CircS is a significant and stronger predictor for CVD than the MetS in US adults.
FERROELECTRIC THIN-FILM BASED TWO-DIMENSIONAL ELECTROMAGNETIC BANDGAP STRUCTURES (2006)

A two-dimensional electromagnetic bandgap structure has been developed using ferroelectric thin-films. Using lumped inductors and parallel plate capacitors a planar structure is developed which creates a bandgap in the 20-40 GHz range, as demonstrated by experimental results. The ferroelectric material Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3 (BST) is used in the form of a thin-film between patterned layers of gold to form capacitors on a 500 m thick high-resistivity Si substrate. A meander line based design is used to form the two-dimensional surface which provides biasing pathways to the varactors. The concept is simulated and experimentally verified using a coplanar waveguide based device in which the EBG surface is used as the ground plane. Designs are also presented for the development of a biasing network to take advantage of the non-linear tunability of the BST dielectric constant in order to make the surface tunable. Experiments used both sputtered and PLD BST films with a maximum bandgap depth of 35 dB. Potential applications are in the area of frequency selective surfaces, and high-impedance ground planes.
Multiomics Characterization of Potential Therapeutic Vulnerabilities in Low-grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (2020)

Abstract Background Low-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (LGSOC) is a rare tumor subtype with high case fatality rates. As such, there is a pressing need to develop more effective treatments using newly available preclinical models for therapeutic discovery and drug evaluation. Here, we use a multiomics approach to interrogate a collection of LGSOC patient-derived cell lines to elucidate novel biomarkers and therapeutic vulnerabilities. Methods Fourteen LGSOC cell lines were interrogated using whole exome sequencing, RNA sequencing, and mass spectrometry-based proteomics. Somatic mutation, copy-number aberrations, gene and protein expression were analyzed and integrated using different computational approaches. LGSOC cell line data was compared to publicly available LGSOC tumor data (AACR GENIE cohort), and also used for predictive biomarker identification of MEK inhibitor (MEKi) efficacy. Protein interaction databases were evaluated to identify novel therapeutic targets. Results KRAS mutations were exclusively found in MEKi-sensitive and NRAS mutations mostly in MEKi-resistant cell lines. Analysis of COSMIC mutational signatures revealed distinct patterns of nucleotide substitution mutations in MEKi-sensitive and MEKi-resistant cell lines. Deletions of CDKN2A/B and MTAP genes (chromosome 9p21) were much more frequent in cell lines than tumor samples and possibly represent key driver events in the absence of KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations. For in-vitro MEKi efficacy prediction, proteomic data provided better discrimination than gene expression data. Condensin, MCM, and RFC protein complexes were identified as potential treatment targets in MEKi-resistant cell lines. Conclusions Our LGSOC cell lines are representative models of the most common molecular aberrations found in LGSOC tumors. This study highlights the importance of using proteomic data in multiomics assessment of drug prediction and identification of potential therapeutic targets. CDKN2A/B and MTAP deficiency offer an opportunity to find synthetically lethal candidates for novel treatments. Multiomics approaches are crucial to improving our understanding of the molecular aberrations in LGSOC, establishing effective drug prediction programs and identifying novel therapeutic targets in LGSOC.
Hierarchy-driven Visual Exploration of Multidimensional Data Cubes. (2007)

Abstract: Analysts interact with OLAP data in a predominantly “drill-down ” fashion, i.e. gradually descending from a coarsely grained overview towards the desired level of detail. Analysis tools enable visual exploration as a sequence of navigation steps in the data cubes and their dimensional hierarchies. However, most state-of-the-art solutions are limited either in their capacity to handle complex multidimensional data or in the ability of their visual metaphors to provide an overview+details context. This work proposes an explorative framework for OLAP data based on a simple but powerful approach to analyzing data cubes of virtually arbitrary complexity. The data is queried using an intuitive navigation in which each dimension is represented by its hierarchy schema. Any granularity level can be dragged into the visualization to serve as an disaggregation axis. The results of the iterative exploration are mapped to a specified visualization technique. We favor hierarchical layouts for their natural ability to show step-wise decomposition of aggregate values. The power of the tool to support various application scenarios is demonstrated by presenting use cases from different domains and the visualization techniques suitable for solving specific analysis tasks. 1
2‐Hydroxy‐6‐nitrobenzaldehyde (Hnb): A Generic Acyl Transfer Auxiliary for Peptide Synthesis (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Compounding of poly(dimethyl siloxane) to reduce tack in natural rubber (2001)

Tack in natural rubber latex was reduced by compounding poly(dimethyl siloxane) (PDMS) emulsion in concentrated latex. Sheet and dipped film surfaces were examined with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy using attenuated total reflection (FTIR–ATR) and by contact angle measurements. Autohesive tack and tensile properties were also determined. For both sheet and dipped film, FTIR–ATR showed that the PDMS concentration was higher at the glass surface than at the air surface. The contact angle of ethylene glycol on the rubber decreased with increasing PDMS content. Autohesive tack for sheet and dipped film also decreased with increasing PDMS amount; however, annealing for 1 week at 70°C in air did cause tack to rise in the sheets. The rubber surface could be made nonadhesive by addition of sufficient PDMS. PDMS caused a decrease in tensile strength for the sheet, especially after annealing; however, PDMS did not cause a substantial decrease in percentage elongation for the sheets, except at relatively high PDMS contents. The tensile strength and percentage elongation for dipped film was not affected by PDMS over the much more limited PDMS concentration range studied. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 519–526, 2001
Design and Fabrication of Multilayer Si/SiO2 Super-High N.A. GRIN Lens for Nanowaveguide to Optical Fiber Coupling (2009)

Compact multilayer Si/SiO2 asymmetric GRIN lens (length:10~20μm) for vertical optical mode-size transformation from sub-0.5μm of nanowaveguide to ~10μm of single-mode-fiber, is proposed and designed. We report success in deposition and etching of 6~8μm multilayer Si/SiO2.
Capacitively Stabilized Etalon Technology for Spaceborne Wind Lidar Application (1998)

Global monitoring by satellites is important for many types of environmental studies. Among these, the wind field is the single most important atmospheric state variable required for understanding atmospheric motion and predicting weather. Studies indicate that a global determination of the tropospheric wind field to an accuracy of 1-5 m/sec is critical for improved numerical weather forecasting. This measurement could be carried out with a spaceborne lidar system sensing the Doppler shift of a laser signal backscattered from the atmosphere. Over the past four years we have developed a ground-based Edge Technique lidar system and demonstrated wind measurements through the troposphere with high accuracy (1-6 m/s) and high spatial resolution. Recently, we began the design of a shuttle based wind measurement system for technology demonstration as part of the Zephyr program. In this paper, we present the characteristics of the high spectral resolution etalon filter technology for lidar wind measurement with the Edge Technique. In conclusion, a spacecraft motion compensation method has been discussed. We demonstrated experimentally that the etalon can be tuned to compensate for any satellite induced Doppler shift to an accuracy of better than 0.6 m/s over a time period of 2.5 ms.
Pulsed Infra-Red Microscopy for Debugging Latch-Up on CMOS Products (1984)

A Near Infra Red Microscope has been used to debug latch-up problems on CMOS products. The microscope is used to image the recombination radiaton emitted by the forward biased junctions in SCR latch-up. If latchup occurrs at one location it will spread like a cancer untill several sites have latched up. This causes the traditional heat sensing techniques to give incorrect results. Techniques were developed to view and understand the mechanisms which cause latch-up spreading. Various kinds of I/O latch-up modes have been studied and described.