gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
l-DMDP, l-homoDMDP and their C-3 fluorinated derivatives: synthesis and glycosidase-inhibition (2011)

L-DMDP and L-homoDMDP, the enantiomers of naturally occurring DMDP and homoDMDP have been synthesized from D-xylose derived cyclic nitrone 9. Their 3-deoxy-3-fluorinated analogues were also obtained from polyhydroxylated fluorinated cyclic nitrone 10, which was prepared from fluorinated sugar 12 in seven steps. Bioactivities of these iminosugars against various glycosidases were evaluated. While L-DMDP and L-homoDMDP are potent inhibitors of α-glucosidases, a sharp decrease of inhibition was found when the C-3 hydroxyl group of these compounds was replaced by fluoride, which showed the great importance of the C-3 hydroxyl in their interaction with enzymes.
Proceedings of the Ninth Workshop on Programming Languages and Analysis for Security (2014)

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the ACM Ninth Workshop on Programming Languages and Analysis for Security (PLAS 2014). This year, PLAS is co-located with the European Conference on Object-Oriented Programming (ECOOP) in Uppsala, Sweden. This occasion provides a unique opportunity to bring security results to the object-oriented community!
Improved Privacy of the Tree-Based Hash protocols using Physically Unclonable Function. (2007)

Abstract. In 2004, Molnar and Wagner introduced a very appealing scheme dedicated to the identification of RFID tags. Their protocol relies on a binary tree of secrets which are shared – for all nodes except the leaves – amongst the tags. Hence the compromise of one tag also has implications on the other tags with whom it shares keys. We describe a new man-in-the-middle attack against this protocol which allows to break privacy even without opening tags. Moreover, it can be applied to some other RFID protocols which use correlated keys as the one described recently by Damg˚ard and Pedersen at CT-RSA 2008. We introduce a modification of the initial scheme to allow us to thwart this and to strengthen RFID tags by implementing secrets with Physical Obfuscated Keys (POKs). This doing, we augment tags and scheme privacy, particularly general resistance against physical threats.
A digital neural network VLSI with on-chip learning using stochastic pulse encoding (2005)

A digital neural network VLSI chip, RN200 has been developed and fabricated. Sixteen neurons and totally 256 synapses are integrated in a 13.73/spl times/13.73 mm/sup 2/ VLSI chip, fabricated by RICOH 0.8 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Multiple-layer neural network can be made by combining two or more-chips. Signals within the network (e.g., activations, error signals, connection weights) are represented by stochastic digital pulse trains. Both feed forward and learning processes are efficiently implemented with simple logical gates. Our novel approach for approximating the derivative of activation function is described. The approximation circuit requires only a few gates. Multiple-RNG architecture is adopted to ensure the random distribution of pulses. Both seeds and configurations of the random number generators on the chip can be updated dynamically and randomly by this mechanism. The effectiveness of the derivative and the Multiple-RNG architecture are simulated and verified with the learning performance in a hand-written character recognition problem. The chip can perform 5.12 gigapulse operations per second. It corresponds to effective neural computing rate of 40M CPS or 40M CUPS.
Spatially modulated metamaterial array for transmit (SMMArT) (2016)

Borrowing from slow-light optics, a metamaterial-based transmit array is conceived that employs a low-group-velocity serial feed line. This feed configuration facilitates a new manner of physical implementation for fast-time spatial modulation of a radar waveform based on the development of a serial-fed slotted Clarricoats-Waldron waveguide, thus realizing a physical MIMO radar implementation that avoids the need for phase-shifters and requires only a single waveform generator. The theory and principles of operation for SMMArT are presented, as well as the electromagnetic design principles for the low-group-velocity waveguide structure. High-power and planar array manifestations are also discussed.
PLASMADENSITYMEASUREMENTSUSINGA DOUBLELANGMUIRPROBE INA PROTOTYPEVACUUM ARC FAULTCURRENTLIMITER (1981)

Electric power systemscould benefit fromadevice that wouldlimit themagnitude ofshort-circuit current.Aswitched resistor fault current limiter requires a commutating switch capable ofinterrupting current without thebenefit ofanatural currentzero.Theunstable diffuse plasma discharge between electrodes inacylindrical geometrymight becapableofsuch atask butthephenomena involved inthis discharge isnot completely understood. Todevelop a detailed modelofthis unstable discharge, measurementsoftheplasma density asafunction ofposition andtimewere madeusing adouble probe. A maximumdensity of5x 1020m-3was measured 90mm fromthecathode ofthis diffuse copper vapordischarge invacuum.
Cross-Tenant Side-Channel Attacks in PaaS Clouds (2014)

We present a new attack framework for conducting cache-based side-channel attacks and demonstrate this framework in attacks between tenants on commercial Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS) clouds. Our framework uses the FLUSH-RELOAD attack of Gullasch et al. as a primitive, and extends this work by leveraging it within an automaton-driven strategy for tracing a victim's execution. We leverage our framework first to confirm co-location of tenants and then to extract secrets across tenant boundaries. We specifically demonstrate attacks to collect potentially sensitive application data (e.g., the number of items in a shopping cart), to hijack user accounts, and to break SAML single sign-on. To the best of our knowledge, our attacks are the first granular, cross-tenant, side-channel attacks successfully demonstrated on state-of-the-art commercial clouds, PaaS or otherwise.
Reduction of the energy gap pressure coefficient of GaN due to the constraining presence of the sapphire substrate (1999)

We have performed a detailed investigation of the photoluminescence pressure dependence of heteroepitaxial GaN thin films on sapphire substrates. A comparison between as grown GaN on sapphire and free-standing GaN membranes, created using a laser assisted substrate liftoff process, revealed that the presence of the sapphire substrate leads to an energy gap pressure coefficient reduction of approximately 5%. This result agrees with the numerical simulations presented in this article. We established that the linear pressure coefficient of free-standing GaN is 41.4±0.2 meV/GPa, and that the deformation potential of the energy gap is −9.36±0.04 eV. Our results also suggest a new, lower value of the pressure derivative for the bulk modulus of GaN (B′=3.5).
[Serological response of the dog after primary antirabies vaccination using adjuvant or non-adjuvant vaccines]. (1985)

The serological responses following a primary vaccination carried out one year before in two groups of dogs which received an inactivated cell culture vaccine containing or not an adjuvant (alumine-hydroxide) are compared. Neutralizing antibody titers assayed in mice, obtained with only one injection of the adjuvanted vaccine are at the same or a greater level than those induced by two injections of the non-adjuvanted vaccine administered two to four weeks apart (statutory schedule of rabies primary vaccination applied in France).
Sustainable Afterglow Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Emission Materials Generated Using Natural Phenolics (2022)

Abstract Long‐lived afterglow room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) from natural phenolics has seldom been reported yet this is essential for the development of sustainable afterglow RTP materials. With this research, we have prepared sustainable afterglow RTP materials (GA@SA) with a lifetime of up to ≈934.7 ms by embedding gallic acid (GA) within a Ca 2+ ‐crosslinked sodium alginate (SA) matrix. Theoretical simulations indicate that the restricted carbonyl moieties of the GA and H‐type aggregates of GA in a SA matrix promoted the spin orbit coupling (SOC) of GA and induced afterglow emission. Moreover, afterglow RTP emission could be produced by embedding different types of natural phenolics such as, tannic acid, caffeic acid and chlorogenic acid into Ca 2+ ‐crosslinked networks of SA. As an illustration of potential applications, GA@SA was used to prepare anti‐counterfeit afterglow clothing and paper. This work provides an innovative method for the activation of long‐lived afterglow RTP from sustainable phenolics.
Hybrid III-V/Si MZI modulators for high SFDR analog links and systems (2016)

Record high SFDR operation is achieved for heterogeneously integrated silicon photonics modulators, by using hybrid III-V/Si phase modulators within Si MZI modulator structures. 112 dB.Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> SFDR is achieved at 10 GHz with standard MZI modulators, and 117.5 dB.Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sup> for Ring Assisted MZI (RAMZI) modulators.
Integrin-cytoskeletal interactions in migrating fibroblasts are dynamic, asymmetric, and regulated. (1993)

We have used laser optical trapping and nanometer-level motion analysis to investigate the cytoskeletal associations and surface dynamics of beta 1 integrin, a cell-substrate adhesion molecule, on the dorsal surfaces of migrating fibroblast cells. A single-beam optical gradient trap (laser tweezers) was used to restrain polystyrene beads conjugated with anti-beta 1 integrin mAbs and place them at desired locations on the cell exterior. This technique was used to demonstrate a spatial difference in integrin-cytoskeleton interactions in migrating cells. We found a distinct increase in the stable attachment of beads, and subsequent rearward flow, on the lamellipodia of locomoting cells compared with the retracting portions. Complementary to the enhanced linkage of integrin at the cell lamellipodium, the membrane was more deformable at the rear versus the front of moving cells while nonmotile cells did not exhibit this asymmetry in membrane architecture. Video microscopy and nanometer-precision tracking routines were used to study the surface dynamics of integrin on the lamellipodia of migrating cells by monitoring the displacements of colloidal gold particles coated with anti-beta 1 integrin mAbs. Small gold aggregates were rapidly transported preferentially to the leading edge of the lamellipod where they resumed diffusion restricted along the edge. This fast transport was characterized by brief periods of directed movement ("jumps") having an instantaneous velocity of 37 +/- 15 microns/min (SD), separated by periods of diffusion. In contrast, larger aggregates of gold particles and the large latex beads underwent slow, steady rearward movement (0.85 +/- 0.44 micron/min) (SD) at a rate similar to that reported for other capping events and for migration of these cells. Cell lines containing mutated beta 1 integrins were used to show that the cytoplasmic domain is essential for an asymmetry in attachment of integrin to the underlying cytoskeletal network and is also necessary for rapid, intermittent transport. However, enhanced membrane deformability at the cell rear does not require integrin-cytoskeletal interactions. We also demonstrated that posttranslational modifications of integrin could potentially play a role in these phenomena. These results suggest a scheme for the role of dynamic integrin-mediated adhesive interactions in cell migration. Integrins are transported preferentially to the cell front where they form nascent adhesions. These adhesive structures grow in size and associate with the cytoskeleton that exerts a rearward force on them. Dorsal aggregates more rearward while those on the ventral side remain fixed to the substrate allowing the cell body to move forward. Detachment of the cell rear occurs by at least two modes: (a) weakened integrin-cytoskeleton interactions, potentially mediated by local modifications of linkage proteins, which lead to weakened cell-substratum interactions and (b) ripping of integrins and the highly deformable membrane from the cell body.
The Time-Triggered Ethernet (TTE) Design (2005)

This paper presents the rational for and an outline of the design of a time-triggered (TT) Ethernet that unifies real-time and non-real-time traffic into a single coherent communication architecture. TT Ethernet is intended to support all types of applications, from simple data acquisition systems, to multimedia systems up to the most demanding safety-critical real-time control systems which require a fault-tolerant communication service that must be certified. TT Ethernet distinguishes between two traffic categories: the standard event-triggered Ethernet traffic and the time-triggered traffic that is temporally guaranteed. The event triggered traffic in TT Ethernet is handled in conformance with the existing Ethernet standards of the IEEE. The design of TT Ethernet has been driven by the requirement of certification of safety-critical configurations and an uncompromising stand with respect to the integration of legacy applications and legacy Ethernet hardware.
Characteristics of asthma in U-BIOPRED severe and non-severe cohorts with distinct biomarker profiles (2015)

<b>Background:</b> TH2 inflammation is considered important in asthma regardless of atopic status, but many asthmatics have TH2 biomarker levels similar to healthy controls. The clinical significance of TH2 biomarker elevation in asthma is unclear. <b>Aims:</b> Compare clinical features and lung function of severe (S) and mild-moderate (MM) asthmatics as a function of TH2 biomarker status. <b>Methods:</b> For this analysis, S and MM U-BIOPRED patients were classified as “TH2-Elevated” (TH2e) or “TH2-reduced” (TH2r) based on serum IgE, blood eosinophils, and serum periostin (&gt; median for &gt;2 = TH2e). Demographics, medications, exacerbation history, PFTs, and disease control were assessed vs biomarker status. <b>Results:</b> The proportion of TH2e patients in S and MM was 51% and 56% respectively. Among S, age (53.4 vs 50.2 yrs.), exacerbation rates (13.8% vs. 14.7%), disease control (ACQ5: 2.07 vs. 2.27U), medication use (inhaled/oral steroids), serum acute phase reactants (CRP: 6.7 vs 6.6 mg/dL), % pred FEV<sub>1</sub> (63.4 vs. 69.4%) and FVC (84.8 vs. 88.7%; ), RV/TLC (0.44 vs. 0.42) and bronchodilator reversibility (19.9 vs 16.3%) were not significantly different (p&gt;0.05) in TH2e and TH2r subgroups. MM clinical features, disease control, and PFTs were similar in TH2e vs. r patients, but TH2e MM patients displayed higher bronchodilator reversibility. <b>Conclusion:</b> TH2e vs.TH2r patients in S and MM U-BIOPRED cohorts displayed similar demographics, clinical features, and physiology despite distinct biomarker profiles. Increased IgE, eosinophils, and periostin were not associated with worse disease control or increased medication use in severe and mild-moderate asthma.
Effect of a Spark Aider Fuel Additive on the Misfire Characteristics of a Spark Ignition Engine (1988)

Abstract Certain fuel additives known as “spark-aiders” are known to increase early flame development rates and reduce cyclic variation in spark-ignition engines and to lead to improvements in driveability characteristics in vehicles. In this work we report the effects of such an additive—a potassium compound —on the misfire characteristics of a single cylinder engine running on iso-octane. During the tests we monitored average early flame travel time and cyclic variation using a laser-based technique for flame speed measurement and also the current-voltage characteristics of the spark. We also studied the implications of changing the strength of the spark electrically by changing the supply voltage lo the coil. The additive leads to an extension of the lean limit and the reduction in the misfire frequency when the engine operates in the misfire mode; average early flame travel time and cyclic variations as well as the spark glow voltage arc reduced and spark duration is extended. Similar results are obtained when plug electrodes arc directly coaled with potassium sulphate. Changing the coil supply voltage from 5 V lo 12 V, leads to a longer spark duration and improvements in the misfire characteristics but apparently does not change the actual energy supplied to the mixture by the spark in the critical, early combustion phase since it docs not noticeably improve flame development. These studies help in understanding how spark aiders improve engine operation and further support the view that spark aiders act by depositing low electron work function material on the spark plug electrodes, thus improving the efficiency of the spark. Keywords: Ignitionmisfirespark-aider additives.
Bismuth Telluride (Bi2Te3) Nanowires:  Synthesis by Cyclic Electrodeposition/Stripping, Thinning by Electrooxidation, and Electrical Power Generation (2006)

Nanowires composed of the thermoelectric material Bi2Te3 were synthesized on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrodes using the electrochemical step edge decoration (ESED) method. Nanowire synthesis was initiated by applying a voltage pulse of -0.75 V versus SCE for 5 ms to an HOPG electrode in an aqueous solution containing both Bi3+ and TeO22-, thereby producing nuclei at the step edges. Bi2Te3 was electrodeposited onto these nuclei using a cyclic electrodeposition-stripping scheme that involved the electrodeposition of bismuth-rich Bi2Te3 on a negative-going voltammetric scan (to -0.05 V) and the subsequent anodic stripping of excess bismuth from these nanowires during a positive-going scan (to +0.35 V). When this cycle was repeated 10-50 times, Bi2Te3 nanowires in the 100-300-nm-diameter range were obtained. These nanowires were narrowly dispersed in diameter (RSDdia = 10-20%), were more than 100 microm in length, and were organized into parallel arrays containing hundreds of wires. Smaller nanowires, with diameters down to 30 nm, were obtained by electrooxidizing 150-nm-diameter Bi2Te3 nanowires at +0.37 V under conditions of kinetic control. This oxidation process unexpectedly improved the uniformity of Bi2Te3 nanowires, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that these nanowires retain a Bi2Te3 core but also have a thin surface layer composed of Bi and Te oxides. The ability of Bi2Te3 nanowires to generate electrical power was assessed by transferring ensembles of these nanowires onto cyanoacrylate-coated glass surfaces and evaporating 4-point nickel contacts. A dimensionless figure of merit, ZT, ranging from 0 to 0.85 was measured for fresh samples that were less than 1 day old. XPS reveals that Bi2Te3 nanowires are oxidized within a week to Bi2O3 and TeO2. These oxides may interfere with the application by evaporation of electrical contacts to these nanowires.
A systematic association of subgraph counts over a network (2021)

We associate all small subgraph counting problems with a systematic graph encoding/representation system which makes a coherent use of graphlet structures. The system can serve as a unified foundation for studying and connecting many important graph problems in theory and practice. We describe topological relations among graphlets (graph elements) in rigorous mathematics language and from the perspective of graph encoding. We uncover, characterize and utilize algebraic and numerical relations in graphlet counts/frequencies. We present a novel algorithm for efficiently counting small subgraphs as a practical product of our theoretical findings.
Optimal design of adaptive optics based systems using high fidelity MEMS deformable mirror models (2007)

Over the last several years, MEMS deformable mirror technology has evolved from a specialized wavefront control device used by only a few select research organizations to a low cost and high performance product that can now be considered for inclusion in certain commercial machines and instrumentation. In a typical MEMS deformable mirror, a membrane is suspended over a pattern of electrostatic actuators, with the possibility of additional microstructures to affect the membrane movement. Because the electrostatic actuators in the MEMS deformable mirrors can only pull on the membrane surface and because the shape of the membrane itself is determined by the associated membrane mechanics, there are limitations and tradeoffs in the achievable shape corrections. Our research seeks to clarify and define: (1) the actual wavefront correcting capabilities of the different MEMS deformable mirror designs and (2) how to effectively design optical systems to best utilize this new technology. After describing a finite element model of a three layer MEMS deformable mirror technology, a method for integrating high fidelity models of deformable mirrors with commercial optical design and simulation software is described. We then suggest a design methodology for both evaluating the performance of the deformable mirror and optimizing the optical system itself to best utilize the MEMS deformable mirror such that the static optical elements are tailored to the specific shape correcting capabilities of the deformable mirror. Simulated results are presented of a defocus case study with more than 7 waves of correction, with the final results analyzed.
Siamese CNNs for RGB-LWIR Disparity Estimation (2019)

Currently, for the task of color (RGB) and thermal infrared (LWIR) disparity estimation, handcrafted feature descriptors such as mutual information are the methods achieving best performance. In this work, we aim to assess if convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can achieve competitive performance in this task. We developed an architecture made of two subnetworks, each consisting of the same siamese network, but taking different image patches as input. Each siamese network, in the feature space, searches for the disparity between the left and right patch. The out-put of the two subnetworks are summed together so that we can be more confident in the predicted disparity by enforcing left-right consistency. We show that having two subnet-works working together in parallel to get the final prediction helps achieve better performance when compared to a single subnetwork by itself. We tested our method on the LITIV dataset and found the results competitive when compared to handcrafted feature descriptors. The source code of our method will be available online upon publication.
A Germline DNA Polymorphism Enhances Alternative Splicing of the KLF6 Tumor Suppressor Gene and Is Associated with Increased Prostate Cancer Risk (2005)

Prostate cancer is a leading and increasingly prevalent cause of cancer death in men. Whereas family history of disease is one of the strongest prostate cancer risk factors and suggests a hereditary component, the predisposing genetic factors remain unknown. We first showed that KLF6 is a tumor suppressor somatically inactivated in prostate cancer and since then, its functional loss has been further established in prostate cancer cell lines and other human cancers. Wild-type KLF6, but not patient-derived mutants, suppresses cell growth through p53-independent transactivation of p21. Here we show that a germline KLF6 single nucleotide polymorphism, confirmed in a tri-institutional study of 3,411 men, is significantly associated with an increased relative risk of prostate cancer in men, regardless of family history of disease. This prostate cancer-associated allele generates a novel functional SRp40 DNA binding site and increases transcription of three alternatively spliced KLF6 isoforms. The KLF6 variant proteins KLF6-SV1 and KLF6-SV2 are mislocalized to the cytoplasm, antagonize wtKLF6 function, leading to decreased p21 expression and increased cell growth, and are up-regulated in tumor versus normal prostatic tissue. Thus, these results are the first to identify a novel mechanism of self-encoded tumor suppressor gene inactivation and link a relatively common single nucleotide polymorphism to both regulation of alternative splicing and an increased risk in a major human cancer.