gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting value locality in physical register files (2003)

The physical register file is an important component of a dynamically-scheduled processor. Increasing the amount of parallelism places increasing demands on the physical register file, calling for alternative file organization and management strategies. This paper considers the use of value locality to optimize the operation of physical register files. We present empirical data showing that: (i) the value produced by an instruction is often the same as the value produced by another recently executed instruction, resulting in multiple physical registers containing the same value, and (ii) the values 0 and 1 account for a considerable fraction of the values written to and read from physical registers. The paper then presents three schemes to exploit the above observations. The first scheme extends a previously-proposed scheme to use only a single physical register for each unique value. The second scheme is a special case for the values 0 and 1. By restricting optimization to these values, the second scheme eliminated many of the drawbacks of the first scheme. The third scheme further improves on the second, resulting in an optimization that reduces physical register requirements with simple micro-architectural extensions. A performance evaluation of the three schemes is also presented.
CD error sensitivity to "sub-killer" defects at k1 near 0.4 (1999)

Recent observations indicate that CD control for the 0.18 micrometers process generation using KrF exposure could be sensitive to borderline detectable defect sizes on a 4X reticle. It is of interest to determine if these 'sub- killer' defect sizes can become process window limiting. It is also important to determine if CD error is sensitive to the interaction between defects and scattering bar OPC features. The experiment was based on a typical 0.18 micrometers process using the Defect Sensitivity Monitor reticle - designed by MicroUnity and manufactured by Photronics. Only isolated features were investigated in this work. Greater than 10 percent printed CD error was found for defects occurring on the main feature such as a 200 nm bump or a 250 nm divot on a 4X reticle. Greater than 6 percent of the exposure latitude can be lost due to +/- 50 nm mask feature width deviations. A 200 nm-chrome spot 4X-reticle defect located between a main feature and an SB can cause more than a 10 percent printed CD error. Defects occurring on scattering bars such as bump a d break types have less influence on the printed CD. The CD error is negligible for +/- 100 nm SB width variation on a 4X reticle.
Electronic and optical properties of ScN and (Sc,Mn)N thin films deposited by reactive DC-magnetron sputtering (2013)

Scandium nitride (ScN) is a rocksalt semiconductor that has attracted significant attention from various researchers for a diverse range of applications. Motivated by the prospect of using its interesting electronic structure for optoelectronic and dilute magnetic semiconductor applications, we present detailed studies of the electronic transport and optical properties of ScN and its alloys with manganese nitride (MnN). Our results suggest (a) dilute manganese doping in ScN compensates for the high n-type carrier concentrations arising due to oxygen impurities and (b) an n-type to p-type carrier type transition occurs at a composition between 5.8% and 11% Mn on Sc sites. In terms of its optical properties, our analysis clearly indicates direct and indirect bandgap absorption edges of ScN located at 2.04 eV and 1.18 eV, respectively. In addition to the direct gap absorption edge, (Sc,Mn)N samples also show Mn-defect induced electronic absorption. Photoluminescence measurements at room temperature from ScN films exhibit a yellowish-green emission corresponding to direct gap radiative recombination. Direct gap recombination is not expected given the smaller indirect gap. A possible role of high excitation intensities in suppressing relaxation and recombination across the indirect bandgap is suspected. Raman spectroscopic and ellipsometric characterization of the dielectric permittivities of ScN and (Sc,Mn)N are also presented to assist in understanding the potential of ScN for optoelectronic applications.
Automatic detection of the dominant melody in acoustic musical signals (2005)

An auditory-model based method is described for estimating the fundamental frequency contour of the dominant melody in complex music signals. The core method consists of a conventional cochlear model followed by a novel periodicity analysis mechanism within the subbands. As the output, the method computes the salience (i.e., strength) of different fundamental frequency candidates in successive time frames. The maximum value of this vector in each frame can be used to indicate the dominant fundamental frequency directly. In addition, however, it was noted that the first-order time differential of the salience vector leads to an efficient use of temporal features which improve the performance in the presence of a large number of concurrent sounds. These temporal features include particularly the common amplitude or frequency modulation of the partials of the sound that is used to communicate the melody. A noise-suppression mechanism is described which improves the robustness of estimation in the presence of drums and percussive instruments. In evaluations, a database of complex music signals was used where the melody was manually annotated. Use of the method for music information retrieval and music summarization is discussed.
Ancillary ligand increases the efficiency of heteroleptic Ir-based triplet emitters in OLED devices (2020)

The excellent contrast ratio, visibility, and advantages in producing thin and light displays let organic light emitting diodes change the paradigm of the display industry. To improve future display technologies, higher electroluminescence efficiency is needed. Herein, the detailed study of the non-radiative decay mechanism employing density functional theory calculations is carried out and a simple, general strategy for the design of the ancillary ligand is formulated. It is shown that steric bulk properly directed towards the phenylisoquinoline ligands can significantly reduce the non-radiative decay rate.
Intrinsic Channel Mobility of Amorphous, In–Ga–Zn–O Thin-Film Transistors by a Gated Four-Probe Method (2014)

Intrinsic mobility and intrinsic channel resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CH</sub> ) of amorphous, In-Ga-Zn-O (a-IGZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) with varying channel length (L) are investigated using a gated four-probe back-channel-etched TFT design. The intrinsic R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CH</sub> is found to decrease from ~500 to ~250 kΩ per unit area by increasing V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GS</sub> from 10 to 20 V. The intrinsic mobility is ~17 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /V·s, which is about 20% higher than that derived from the normal two-point probe measurements. Source and drain parasitic resistance (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PAR</sub> ) of the a-IGZO TFTs is found to be of the same order of magnitude as the R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CH</sub> -which is different from hydrogenated amorphous-silicon (a-Si:H) TFTs, where TFT operation is dominated by R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">PAR</sub> .
Photosynthetic routes to prostanoids. Synthesis of alkyl and trialkylsilyl derivatives of 9α-hydroxy-9-deoxyprostaglandin-C2 (1977)

Photolysis of 5-endo-,7-anti-disubstituted bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-ones gave cyclopentene aldehydes in good yield: the substituents were selected so that conversions into prostaglandin-C2(PG-C2) analogues were readily achieved.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Relaxin-Expressing, Fiber Chimeric Oncolytic Adenovirus Prolongs Survival of Tumor-Bearing Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Relaxin-Expressing, Fiber Chimeric Oncolytic Adenovirus Prolongs Survival of Tumor-Bearing Mice
Dysphasia, Developmental (1989)

It is estimated that for every 1000 three-year-old children, 31 will have some form of language disorder. Of these, 23 are severely impaired, that is, their language age is less than two-thirds their chronological age.
BARLEY YELLOW DWARF VIRUS TOLERANCE: INHERITANCE AND RECURRENT SELECTION STUDIES IN OAT POPULATIONS (1987)

The barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) is a serious pathogen of oats and the development of tolerant cultivars has been found to be the most efficient method of control. In this research, the inheritance of tolerance to BYDV was investigated using a procedure to minimize non-genetic variation. The effectiveness of two cycles of simple recurrent selection for improving BYDV tolerance in an oat population was also determined. A random population of F$\sb2$-derived lines, from each of three singlecrosses between four BYDV tolerant oat lines, were advanced to the F$\sb7$ generation using single seed descent. After seed increase, each F$\sb7$-derived family and parents were planted in transplanting flats as individual hill plots. The seedlings were infested with viruliferous Rhopalosiphum padi L. aphids carrying either the RPV or PAV isolates of BYDV. The infested plants were transplanted to the field in a split plot design with two replications. Grain yield, BYD symptom score, heading date, and plant height were recorded for each hill plot. Analyses of the means indicate that tolerance to BYDV in these populations is quantitatively inherited. Progress for tolerance to BYD after two cycles of recurrent selection was evaluated by comparing the BYD symptom score means of the C$\sb0$, C$\sb1$, and C$\sb2$ populations. The base population (C$\sb0$), originating from intercrosses between nine spring oat lines and eight winter oat lines, had a symptom score mean of 5.2. The C$\sb1$ population had a slightly lower mean of 5.0, and the C$\sb2$ had a significantly lower symptom score mean of 4.3. The progress for tolerance to BYD and the efficiency of the recombination and selection procedures shows that recurrent selection for BYD tolerance can be effective and feasible in oats.
Boosting Ultra-Fast Charge Battery Performance: Filling Porous nanoLi4Ti5O12 Particles with 3D Network of N-doped Carbons (2019)

Lithium titanium oxide (Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>)-based cells are a promising technology for ultra-fast charge-discharge and long life-cycle batteries. However, the surface reactivity of Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub> and lack of electronic conductivity still remains problematic. One of the approaches toward mitigating these problems is the use of carbon-coated particles. In this study, we report the development of an economical, eco-friendly, and scalable method of making a homogenous 3D network coating of N-doped carbons. Our method makes it possible, for the first time, to fill the pores of secondary particles with carbons; we reveal that it is possible to cover each primary nanoparticle. This unique approach permits the creation of lithium-ion batteries with outstanding performances during ultra-fast charging (4C and 10C), and demonstrates an excellent ability to inhibit the degradation of cells over time at 1C and 45 °C. Furthermore, using this method, we can eliminate the addition of conductive carbons during electrode preparation, and significantly increase the energy density (by weight) of the anode.
Morphological, biophysical and synaptic properties of glutamatergic neurons of the mouse spinal dorsal horn (2013)

Interneurons of the spinal dorsal horn are central to somatosensory and nociceptive processing. A mechanistic understanding of their function depends on profound knowledge of their intrinsic properties and their integration into dorsal horn circuits. Here, we have used BAC transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) under the control of the vesicular glutamate transporter (vGluT2) gene (vGluT2::eGFP mice) to perform a detailed electrophysiological and morphological characterisation of excitatory dorsal horn neurons, and to compare their properties to those of GABAergic (Gad67::eGFP tagged) and glycinergic (GlyT2::eGFP tagged) neurons. vGluT2::eGFP was detected in about one-third of all excitatory dorsal horn neurons and, as demonstrated by the co-expression of vGluT2::eGFP with different markers of subtypes of glutamatergic neurons, probably labelled a representative fraction of these neurons. Three types of dendritic tree morphologies (vertical, central, and radial), but no islet cell-type morphology, were identified in vGluT2::eGFP neurons. vGluT2::eGFP neurons had more depolarised action potential thresholds and longer action potential durations than inhibitory neurons, while no significant differences were found for the resting membrane potential, input resistance, cell capacitance and after-hyperpolarisation. Delayed firing and single action potential firing were the single most prevalent firing patterns in vGluT2::eGFP neurons of the superficial and deep dorsal horn, respectively. By contrast, tonic firing prevailed in inhibitory interneurons of the dorsal horn. Capsaicin-induced synaptic inputs were detected in about half of the excitatory and inhibitory neurons, and occurred more frequently in superficial than in deep dorsal horn neurons. Primary afferent-evoked (polysynaptic) inhibitory inputs were found in the majority of glutamatergic and glycinergic neurons, but only in less than half of the GABAergic population. Excitatory dorsal horn neurons thus differ from their inhibitory counterparts in several biophysical properties and possibly also in their integration into the local neuronal circuitry.
A Golgi-related structure remains after the brefeldin A-induced formation of an ER-Golgi hybrid compartment. (1992)

Brefeldin A (BFA) has previously been shown to block protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), to cause the redistribution of Golgi components to the ER, and to change profoundly the morphology of the Golgi apparatus. In order to quantitate the effects of this drug on the morphology of the ER and the Golgi apparatus in HeLa cells, the numerical, surface and volume densities of these organelles were determined by stereological means. We found that in cells treated with BFA (5 micrograms/ml) clusters of vesicles and tubules, often located near transitional elements of the ER, replaced the Golgi apparatus. The numerical density of these clusters in cells treated with BFA for 30 min or 4.5 h is similar to that of Golgi complexes and Golgi-related clusters in control cells. The surface density of the vesicles and tubules contained in these clusters is about 50% of that represented by Golgi elements in control cells. Concomitantly, a corresponding increase in the surface density of the ER-Golgi hybrid compartment was observed. This hybrid compartment contained Golgi-specific enzymes effecting modifications of N-linked oligosaccharides and the transfer of O-linked sugars. Antibodies recognizing different subcompartments of the Golgi apparatus or the intermediate compartment, labeled vesicles and tubules of the Golgi-related clusters. Applying low doses of BFA allowed for the dissection of the disassembly of the Golgi apparatus into at least two phases. At very low doses (10-20 ng/ml) the numerical density of vesicles in the clusters increased up to 4-fold above control, while the surface density did not markedly change, suggesting that vesiculation of the Golgi cisternae had occurred. Fusion of Golgi elements with the ER seemed to occur only at doses of BFA higher than 20 ng/ml. Contrary to observations on other cell types, removal of BFA from HeLa cell cultures resulted in a rather slow reformation (1-2 h) of the Golgi complex, which allowed us to observe several intermediate stages in this process. During this time period an ER was restored which no longer contained Golgi-specific O-glycosylation functions. Our results demonstrate that BFA does not simply cause the disappearance of the Golgi apparatus by fusion with the ER, but instead clusters of vesicles and tubules remain that contain Golgi-specific markers.
Conversion Analysis for Mutation Detection in <EMPH>MLH1</EMPH> and <EMPH>MSH2</EMPH> in Patients With Colorectal Cancer (2005)

The data confirm the heterogeneity of mismatch repair mutations and reveal that many mutations in colorectal cancer cases would be missed using conventional genomic DNA sequencing alone. Conversion analysis substantially increases the diagnostic yield of genetic testing for mismatch repair mutations in patients diagnosed as having colorectal cancer.
The Design of Drugs that Target Tumor Hypoxia. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enzymatic conversion of magnetic nanoparticles to a non-magnetic precipitate: a new approach to magnetic sensing (2016)

Magnetic sensing utilizes the detection of biomolecule-conjugated magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Our new strategy offers a novel approach to magnetic sensing where in situ conversion produces a "loss of signal" in the sensing device. This report demonstrates the enzymatic conversion of Fe3O4 MNPs to a non-magnetic precipitate via reduction by l-ascorbic acid generated by the action of alkaline phosphatase.
A numerical study of an unsteady laminar flow in a doubly constricted 3D vessel (2002)

Abstract Unsteady flow dynamics in doubly constricted 3D vessels have been investigated under pulsatile flow conditions for a full cycle of period T. The coupled non‐linear partial differential equations governing the mass and momentum of a viscous incompressible fluid has been numerically analyzed by a time accurate Finite Volume Scheme in an implicit Euler time marching setting. Roe's flux difference splitting of non‐linear terms and the pseudo‐compressibility technique employed in the current numerical scheme makes it robust both in space and time. Computational experiments are carried out to assess the influence of Reynolds' number and the spacing between two mild constrictions on the pressure drop across the constrictions. The study reveals that the pressure drop across a series of mild constrictions can get physiologically critical and is also found to be sensitive both to the spacing between the constrictions and the oscillatory nature of the inflow profile. The flow separation zone on the downstream constriction is seen to detach from the diverging wall of the constriction leading to vortex shedding with 3D features earlier than that on the wall in the spacing between the two constrictions. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
A DNA damage and stress inducible G protein-coupled receptor blocks cells in G2/M (1998)

Cell cycle progression is monitored by highly coordinated checkpoint machinery, which is activated to induce cell cycle arrest until defects like DNA damage are corrected. We have isolated an anti-proliferative cell cycle regulator named G2A (for G2 accumulation), which is predominantly expressed in immature T and B lymphocyte progenitors and is a member of the seven membrane-spanning G protein-coupled receptor family. G2A overexpression attenuates the transformation potential of BCR-ABL and other oncogenes, and leads to accumulation of cells at G2/M independently of p53 and c-Abl. G2A can be induced in lymphocytes and to a lesser extent in nonlymphocyte cell lines or tissues by multiple stimuli including different classes of DNA-damaging agents and serves as a response to damage and cellular stimulation which functions to slow cell cycle progression.
Search for CP violation in $D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}$ and $D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}$ decays (2014)

A search for \CP violation in Cabibbo-suppressed $D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}$ and $D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}$ decays is performed using $pp$ collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3~fb$^{-1}$, recorded by the LHCb experiment. The individual $CP$-violating asymmetries are measured to be \begin{eqnarray*} 
\mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}} & = & (+0.03 \pm 0.17 \pm 0.14) \% 
\mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}} & = & (+0.38 \pm 0.46 \pm 0.17) \%, \end{eqnarray*} assuming that $CP$ violation in the Cabibbo-favoured decays is negligible. A combination of the measured asymmetries for the four decay modes $D^{\pm}_{(s)}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}$ and $D^{\pm}_{(s)}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}$ gives the sum \[ 
\mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}} + \mathcal{A}_{CP}^{D^{\pm}_{s}\rightarrow K^0_{\mathrm{S}} \pi^{\pm}} = (+0.41 \pm 0.49 \pm 0.26) \%. \] In all cases, the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic. The results represent the most precise measurements of these asymmetries to date and show no evidence for CP violation.
The use of serology to diagnose active Campylobacter pylori infection (1988)

A serological test that predicts accurately active Campylobacter pylori infection in the human stomach has been developed and validated by means of serum from 189 patients who were undergoing endoscopy in Sydney. Our enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94%. An important part of the test is the inclusion of a simple absorption step with C. jejuni for those sera whose results are close to the cut-off point for positivity. This has been shown to be particularly relevant in epidemiological studies on populations that are likely to be exposed to C. jejuni continually. For example, by means of the ELISA test without an absorption step, the infection rate in Papua New Guineans was shown to be 56%, whereas use of the validated test showed the infection rate to be 25%. Compared with an age-matched normal control group of Australians, this still is higher. These studies suggest a need for the reappraisal of some of the reported epidemiological data. The development of a validated diagnostic test that is a highly-accurate predictor of active C. pylori infection will be useful for epidemiological studies, particularly for comparative studies among populations that are known to differ significantly in the incidence of stomach disease. However, routine use of this test in diagnosis in general practice awaits the definition of more precise markers of C. pylori-associated symptomatology and the development of improved regimens for the treatment of C. pylori infections.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes. Part 21. Combining N‐Heterocyclic Carbenes and Phosphines: Improved Palladium(II) Catalysts for Aryl Coupling Reactions. (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Observation of photoluminescence from Al1−xInxN heteroepitaxial films grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy (1998)

We have observed photoluminescence of Al1−xInxN films. The films were grown on GaN by atmospheric pressure metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. GaN was grown on a c-plane sapphire substrate with a low-temperature deposited AlN buffer layer. Photoluminescence, absorption, and x-ray diffraction measurements have shown that each spectral peak shifts with alloy composition x and that Al1−xInxN heteroepitaxial films are not macroscopically in phase separation and are constituted in the wurzite structure.