gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Mixed Ceramic MgxZn1–xO Nanofibers via Mg2+ Doping Using Sol–Gel Electrospinning (2013)

We report on the synthesis of tuned energy band gap Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O nanofibers (NFs) with different Mg(2+) content via the sol-gel electrospinning (ES) technique wherein the addition of the doping material affects not only the morphologies of as-spun ZnAc/PVA and MgAc/ZnAc/PVA nanofibers but also the crystal microstructure and optical properties of calcined ZnO and Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O nanofibers. Following an appropriate aqueous solution preparation of magnesium acetate (MgAc) and zinc acetate (ZnAc) with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), electrospinning is performed and then as-spun nanofibers are calcined in an air atmosphere at 600 °C for 3 h. As-spun and calcined nanofiber diameters and morphologies are evaluated with scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies, whereas crystalline microstructural interpretations of ZnO and Mg(x)Zn(1-x)O are conducted with wide-angle X-ray diffraction spectra (XRD). Surface chemical composition and elemental evaluation of calcined nanofibers are examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and optical properties and crystal defect analyses of the calcined nanofibers are conducted with photoluminescence spectra (PL). We observe a sharp reduction in fiber diameter upon calcination as a result of the removal of organic species from the fibers and conversion of ceramic precursors into ceramic nanofibers, and the appearance of a range of fiber morphologies from "bead in a string" to "sesame seed" coverage depending on fiber composition. Because Zn(2+) and Mg(2+) have similar ionicity and atomic radii, some Zn(2+) atoms are replaced by Mg(2+) atoms in the crystals, leading to a change in the properties of crystal lattices. The band gap energy of the calcined fibers increases significantly with addition of Mg(2+) along with an increase in the ultraviolet (UV) photoluminescence emission of the fibers.
An Active Voltage Doubling AC/DC Converter for Low-Voltage Energy Harvesting Applications (2010)

This paper theoretically and experimentally investigates an ac/dc converter for low-voltage vibrational energy harvesting systems. The circuit employs an active-diode-based voltage doubler, where the output is a dc voltage that is twice the amplitude of the input ac voltage. Analytical solutions for the steady-state open-circuit voltage are derived, capturing the effects of the active-diode comparator hysteresis. It is shown that the hysteresis plays an important role in the rectification characteristics, circuit stability, and overall efficiency. Experimentally, the circuit is able to rectify input voltage amplitude as low as 5 mV and operates over a frequency range of 1 to 500 Hz, which spans most common mechanical vibrations. For input voltage amplitudes 250 mV or higher, the circuit exhibits >;80% efficiency for a range of load resistances, delivering 0.1-10 mW of power. Additionally, the circuit successfully rectifies the voltage from a vibrational energy harvester having a highly irregular and time-varying voltage waveform.
Polyamid‐Stützen für DNA‐Architekturen (2007)

DNA-Bastelei: Aus zwei Dervan-Polyamiden, die sequenzspezifisch doppelsträngige DNA binden, wurde eine DNA-Stütze hergestellt, die Architekturen aus 100fach größeren DNA-Objekten zusammenhalten kann.
Protection of tissue physicochemical properties using polyfunctional crosslinkers (2018)

Understanding complex biological systems requires the system-wide characterization of both molecular and cellular features. Existing methods for spatial mapping of biomolecules in intact tissues suffer from information loss caused by degradation and tissue damage. We report a tissue transformation strategy named stabilization under harsh conditions via intramolecular epoxide linkages to prevent degradation (SHIELD), which uses a flexible polyepoxide to form controlled intra- and intermolecular cross-link with biomolecules. SHIELD preserves protein fluorescence and antigenicity, transcripts and tissue architecture under a wide range of harsh conditions. We applied SHIELD to interrogate system-level wiring, synaptic architecture, and molecular features of virally labeled neurons and their targets in mouse at single-cell resolution. We also demonstrated rapid three-dimensional phenotyping of core needle biopsies and human brain cells. SHIELD enables rapid, multiscale, integrated molecular phenotyping of both animal and clinical tissues.
Behavior of MnS on Belag Formation and Observation on Carbide Tool (2015)

In the 1960s, Opitz discovered the formation of complex oxide protective layers (Belag) on worn surfaces of tools when cutting Ca deoxidized steel. Belag formation is used in a free-cutting technique for steel and cast iron because it significantly reduces diffusional wear by preventing direct contact between the tool and work material; hence, tool life can be dramatically prolonged. For Belag to form, one condition is that the tool material should contain TiC. It has been reported that Belag adheres to tool surfaces because TiC in the tool oxidizes and reacts with Belag. Our study aims to clarify the formation and adhesion mechanisms of Belag. In this study, Ca deoxidized steel was machined with noncoated carbide P10 tools, and the state of the interface between the tool and Belag layer was investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and elemental analyses. As a result, we found that Belag directly adhered to Ti carbide (Ti–W–C) particles on tool surfaces. In contrast, Belag did not directly adhere to WC or Co on tool surfaces. Unlike previous studies, we could not confirm the formation of the TiC oxide or its oxide layer near the interface to which Belag adhered. In addition, when we machined a Ca deoxidized steel containing MnS, a CaS layer formed in Belag at the interface between the tool and Belag layer.
Femtosecond X-ray fluorescence from light elements excited by laser harmonics (2002)

Summary form only given. We report the observation of K-shell vacancies in light elements, such as boron and carbon, by means of X-ray fluorescence using sub-10-fs-pulse-driven coherent laser harmonics as the excitation source. The experiments represent the first application of coherent water-window radiation produced by a laboratory source and are a first step towards time-resolved X-ray spectroscopy of solid-state and molecular dynamics on a sub-100-fs time scale.
Airway obstruction and inflammation on combined bronchoscopy in children with Down syndrome (2021)

Abnormal findings for FB and MLB are common in children with Down syndrome and chronic respiratory symptoms, and performing the procedures together may increase the diagnostic yield.
Stimuli-Responsive Chemomechanical Actuation: A Hybrid Materials Approach (2013)

Dynamic materials that can sense changes in their surroundings and functionally respond by altering many of their physical characteristics are primed to be integral components of future "smart" technologies. A fundamental reason for the adaptability of biological organisms is their innate ability to convert environmental or chemical cues into mechanical motion and reconfiguration on both the molecular and macroscale. However, design and engineering of robust chemomechanical behavior in artificial materials has proven a challenge. Such systems can be quite complex and often require intricate coordination between both chemical and mechanical inputs and outputs, as well as the combination of multiple materials working cooperatively to achieve the proper functionality. It is critical to not only understand the fundamental behaviors of existing dynamic chemomechanical systems but also apply that knowledge and explore new avenues for design of novel materials platforms that could provide a basis for future adaptive technologies. In this Account, we explore the chemomechanical behavior, properties, and applications of hybrid-material surfaces consisting of environmentally sensitive hydrogels integrated within arrays of high-aspect-ratio nano- or microstructures. This bio-inspired approach, in which the volume-changing hydrogel acts as the "muscle" that reversibly actuates the microstructured "bones", is highly tunable and customizable. Although straightforward in concept, the combination of just these two materials (structures and hydrogel) has given rise to a far more complex set of actuation mechanisms and behaviors. Variations in how the hydrogel is physically integrated within the structure array provide the basis for three fundamental mechanisms of actuation, each with its own set of responsive properties and chemomechanical behavior. Further control over how the chemical stimulus is applied to the surface, such as with microfluidics, allows for generation of more precise and varied patterns of actuation. We also discuss the possible applications of these hybrid surfaces for chemomechanical manipulation of reactions, including the generation of chemomechanical feedback loops. Comparing and contrasting these many approaches and techniques, we aim to put into perspective their highly tunable and diverse capabilities but also their future challenges and impacts.
Recommendations for reporting adverse drug reactions and adverse events of traditional Chinese medicine (2010)

Clearly report adverse effect or adverse event occurred in the clinical practice is very important for understanding the potential risk of using a drug for treatment of diseases, and with other advantages. This document aims to help healthcare providers to organize, report, and publish information on ADR/AE occurrences and to identify the nature of the ADR/AE in TCM and integrative medicine practice. This document provides recommendations on constructing a title, basic factors of writing an abstract and the text of ADR/AE reporting. In each part, there are some samples could be references for the development of a report and ADR/AE. We welcome any comments for improving this recommendation.
Tunable N-Fold Multicasting and Pulsewidth of 40 Gb/s Channels by Variable Periodic Slicing of a Supercontinuum (2009)

We demonstrate tunable-fold multicasting of 40 Gb/s RZ-OOK channels via supercontinuum slicing by a polarization based tunable periodic filter. 2-, 4-, and 8-fold multicasting are achieved with average power penalties of 0.1, 0.26, 0.44 dB, respectively, at a BER of 10−9.
Mantle cloaking for decoupling of interleaved phased antenna arrays in 5G applications (2020)

The concept of mantle cloaking is applied to suppress the undesired cross-coupling among the antenna elements of two tightly spaced and interleaved phased antenna arrays used in 5G wireless applications, which in turn enhances the radiation characteristics of the arrays. It is demonstrated that the specifically designed metasurface cloaks decouple the antenna elements of two different arrays and enable to restore the original radiation patterns of the isolated arrays, such that the antenna arrays placed in close proximity of each other can radiate independently for a wide range of beam scanning angles. This paper illustrates microstrip antenna arrays with elliptically shaped metasurface cloaks integrated in printed technology. The simulation results validate the fact that by encasing the elements of the arrays with their respective cloaks, it is not only possible to eliminate the cross coupling but also to restore the radiation properties of the antenna arrays within the frequency bands of their operation.
Thin polyoxide on the top of poly-Si gate to suppress boron penetration for pMOS (1995)

A method of using a thin oxide on the top of the poly-Si gate to getter fluorine for BF/sub 2//sup +/ in pMOS is proposed and demonstrated. Due to less amount of fluorine in the poly-Si as well as in the gate oxide, the boron penetration through the gate oxide is suppressed. The MOS capacitors fabricated by using this method show less shifts and distortion on C-V curves and better electrical characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract 2235: Clinical results of a Phase I/II trial of adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in high risk resected prostate cancer patients using autologous dendritic cells loaded with mRNA from primary prostate cancer tissue, hTERT and survivin (2016)

Abstract Prostate cancer patients diagnosed with high Gleason score (≥ 8) and large tumors (≥T2c) are considered high-risk patients and &amp;gt;50% will develop an early biochemical relapse. Presently, there is no curative therapy available for patients with biochemical relapse. Based on these findings we initiated in January 2011 a Phase I/II dendritic cell (DC) vaccine study. Patients included have pathological stage pT2 - pT3b, Gleason score 7b-10, pN0, pN+ or pNx and postoperative PSA &amp;lt; 0.2 μg/L. Following surgery autologous tumor cell lines were established from each patient using an in-house culturing method. mRNA from the tumor cell line was produced and used for DC vaccination in combination with mRNA hTERT and mRNA Survivin. DCs were differentiated from enriched monocytes, cultured for 2 days with IL4 and GM-CSF and matured with Jonuleit-maturation cocktail for 24 hours. The matured DCs were transfected separately with the 3 different mRNAs and then frozen and stored until use. The vaccination regimen includes one vaccine per week for four weeks, followed by monthly “vaccine boost” during the first year, then every 3 months the second and third year. Recently, a novel 3 days DC protocol using a TLR7/8-agonist maturation cocktail has been implemented at our department. Based on encouraging clinical results with this type of DCs in compassionate use patients with different types of tumors, we decided to change our DCs protocol to the new generation DCs. Of the 20 patients included in this trial 15 patients have been given the standard fast DCs and 5 have been vaccinated with the new type of DCs. 8 Patients given standard DC has completed 3 years of vaccination and 4 has completed 2 years of vaccination. 3 of 15 patient given standard DC has experienced PSA relapse during vaccination. None of the patients given the new type of DC has so far experienced raise in PSA levels. To our knowledge this is the first adjuvant DC vaccine study in high risk prostate cancer and we conclude that the study is feasible, safe and utmost promising. Extensive immune monitoring is ongoing taking advantage of the established autologous tumor cell lines from all patients. Citation Format: Anne Merete Aa. Tryggestad, Karol Axcrona, Iris Bigalke, Else M. Inderberg-Suso, Gjertrud Skorstad, Ulrika Axcrona, Steinar Aamdal, Gustav Gaudernack, Dolores Schendel, Wolfgang Lilleby, Svein Dueland, Gunnar Kvalheim. Clinical results of a Phase I/II trial of adjuvant therapeutic vaccination in high risk resected prostate cancer patients using autologous dendritic cells loaded with mRNA from primary prostate cancer tissue, hTERT and survivin. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 2235.
Detecting and preventing reversion to toxicity for a formaldehyde-treated C. difficile toxin B mutant (2014)

The toxicity of Clostridium difficile large clostridial toxin B (TcdB) can be reduced by many orders of magnitude by a combination of targeted point mutations. However, a TcdB mutant with five point mutations (referred to herein as mTcdB) still has residual toxicity that can be detected in cell-based assays and in-vivo mouse toxicity assays. This residual toxicity can be effectively removed by treatment with formaldehyde in solution. Storage of the formaldehyde-treated mTcdB as a liquid can result in reversion over time back to the mTcdB level of toxicity, with the rate of reversion dependent on the storage temperature. We found that for both the "forward" mTcdB detoxification reaction with formaldehyde, and the "reverse" reversion to toxicity reaction, mouse toxicity correlated with several biochemical assays including anion exchange chromatography retention time and appearance on SDS-PAGE. Maintenance of a low concentration of formaldehyde prevents reversion to toxicity in liquid formulations. However, when samples with 0.016% (v/v) formaldehyde were lyophilized and stored at 37 °C, formaldehyde continued to react with and modify the mTcdB in the lyophilized state. Lyophilization alone effectively prevented reversion to toxicity for formaldehyde-treated, formaldehyde-removed mTcdB samples stored at 37 °C for 6 months. Formaldehyde-treated, formaldehyde-removed lyophilized mTcdB showed no evidence of reversion to toxicity, appeared stable by several assays, and was immunogenic in mice, even after storage for 6 months at 37 °C.
Lumbarization of the sacral vertebra (1927)

Lumbalization of the sacral vertebra, i.e. lack of fusion between the I and II sacral vertebrae, is much more common than sacralization of the V lumbar vertebra, or its synostosis with the sacrum, according to A. Lri, but so far it has usually been viewed due to inability to count vertebrae and understand the X-ray picture. Lumbarization is the lack of ossification of the sacral vertebrae separated in childhood.
Human Polyethylene Granuloma Tissues Inhibit Bone Healing in a Novel Xenograft Animal Model (2013)

In patients with conventional metal-on-Polyethylene (MoP) hip replacements, osteolysis can occur in response to wear debris. During revision hip surgery, surgeons usually remove the source of osteolysis (polyethylene) but cannot always remove all of the inflammatory granulomatous tissues in the joint. We used a human/rat xenograft model to evaluate the effects of polyethylene granuloma tissues on bone healing. Human osteoarthritic and periprosthetic tissues collected during primary and revision hip arthroplasty surgeries were transplanted into the distal femora of athymic (nude) rats. The tissues were assessed before and after implantation and the bone response to the tissues was evaluated after 1 week and 3 weeks using micro-computed tomography, histology, and immunohistochemistry. After 3 weeks, the majority (70%) of defects filled with osteoarthritic tissues healed, while only 21% of defects with polyethylene granuloma tissues healed. Polyethylene granuloma tissues in trabecular bone defects inhibited bone healing. Surgeons should remove polyethylene granuloma tissues during revision surgery when possible, since these tissues may slow bone healing around a newly implanted prosthesis. This model provides a method for delivering clinically relevant sized particles into an in vivo model for investigation.
A new columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator for iQID detectors (2014)

A 1650 μm thick columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator for upgrading iQID detectors, which is a high-resolution photon-counting gamma-ray and x-ray detector recently developed at the Center for Gamma-Ray Imaging (CGRI), has been studied in terms of sensitivity, spatial resolution and depth-of-interaction effects. To facilitate these studies, a new frame-parsing algorithm for processing raw event data is also proposed that has more degrees of freedom in data processing and can discriminate against a special kind of noise present in some low-cost intensifiers. The results show that in comparison with a 450 μm-thickness columnar CsI(Tl) scintillator, the 1650 μm thick CsI(Tl) scintillator provides more than twice the sensitivity at the expense of some spatial resolution degradation. The depth-of-interaction study also shows that event size and amplitude vary with scintillator thickness, which can assist in future detector simulations and 3D-interaction-position estimation.
7‐3: Invited Paper: High Mobility Self‐Aligned Coplanar Thin‐Film Transistors with a Novel Dual Channel Oxide Semiconductor Architecture (2021)

Self‐aligned coplanar thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with a novel dual channel architecture comprising of low mobility and high mobility oxide semiconductors show high field‐effect mobility of &gt; 50 cm 2 /Vs with positive threshold voltage of &gt; 0 V and low off‐leakage current of &lt; 1 pA. The TFTs with dual channel allow higher mobility than TFTs with a single high mobility channel because the TFTs with dual channel allow strong electron accumulation due to high electron densities both at the interface between gate insulator and 1st oxide semiconductor and at the hetero‐junction interface between 1st and 2nd oxide semiconductors.
A system-level methodology for fully compensating process variability impact of memory organizations in periodic applications (2005)

Process variability is an emerging problem that is becoming worse with each new technology node. Its impact on the performance and energy of memory organizations is severe and degrades the system-level parametric yield. In this paper we propose a broadly applicable system-level technique that can guarantee parametric yield on the memory organization and which minimizes the energy overhead associated to variability in the conventional design process. It is based on offering configuration capabilities at the memory-level and exploiting them at the system-level. This technique can decrease by up to a factor of 5 the energy overhead that is introduced by state-of-the-art process variability compensation techniques, including statistical timing analysis. In this way we obtain results close to the ideal nominal design again.
High Temperature Near-Field NanoThermoMechanical Rectification (2017)

Limited performance and reliability of electronic devices at extreme temperatures, intensive electromagnetic fields, and radiation found in space exploration missions (i.e., Venus &Jupiter planetary exploration, and heliophysics missions) and earth-based applications requires the development of alternative computing technologies. In the pursuit of alternative technologies, research efforts have looked into developing thermal memory and logic devices that use heat instead of electricity to perform computations. However, most of the proposed technologies operate at room or cryogenic temperatures, due to their dependence on material's temperature-dependent properties. Here in this research, we show experimentally-for the first time-the use of near-field thermal radiation (NFTR) to achieve thermal rectification at high temperatures, which can be used to build high-temperature thermal diodes for performing logic operations in harsh environments. We achieved rectification through the coupling between NFTR and the size of a micro/nano gap separating two terminals, engineered to be a function of heat flow direction. We fabricated and tested a proof-of-concept NanoThermoMechanical device that has shown a maximum rectification of 10.9% at terminals' temperatures of 375 and 530 K. Experimentally, we operated the microdevice in temperatures as high as about 600 K, demonstrating this technology's suitability to operate at high temperatures.