gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards Estimation of Three-Dimensional Knee Rotations (2019)

Real-time detection of aberrant knee movements in a competition setting may help reduce the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament knee injuries. We present a hardware design to permit real-time monitoring of knee movement. The proposed device has multiple magnetometer and inertia measurement units, which when combined provide orientation estimates via an extended complementary filter. Knee position is estimated from the sensor orientations and verified against a reference laboratory 3D motion capture system. The proposed method lacks accuracy to resolve quantifiable rotations compared to the reference system; however, the proposed method is useful for free-living, qualitative determination of knee rotations.
Simulation of Micromachined Chemical Reactors for Heterogeneous Oxidation Reactions (1996)

We present Galerkin nite element simulations of two- and three-dimensional #uid #ow, thermal elds, and chemical species concentrations in micromachined chemical reactors. Such microchemical systems have potential for increased safety and on-demand manufacturing compared with conventional macroscopic reactors. The simulation approach incorporates a general mesh generation procedure that enables di!erent microchemical reactor designs to be explored. The nonlinear di!erential-algebraic equations resulting from the nite element discretization are solved by Newton’s method augmented with a pseudo-arc-length continuation scheme for tracing ignition and extinction points. The predicted temperature proles are in good agreement with experimental data from temperature sensors located along the heater unit of the microreactor. The results also mirror observed ignition}extinction behavior by demonstrating that at low #ow rates ignition occurs downstream and the reaction front subsequently travels upstream due both to heat conduction and the presence of fresh reactants upstream. Upstream movement of reaction front diminishes at high #ow rates because signicant reactions occurring downstream cause the downstream temperature to climb. The good agreement between simulated and observed results encourage further use of reaction engineering analysis and design tools in evaluation, scale-up, and application of microchemical systems. ( 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Postmarketing adverse drug reactions (2013)

Physicians play an important role in recognizing and reporting suspected adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Physicians can report suspected ADRs directly to the FDA via its MedWatch program, by contacting the manufacturer of the drug, and by publishing case reports. While this takes time, physicians have an ethical obligation to participate in recognizing and reporting ADR.
Measurement of Mycoplasma Pneumoniae Mycoplasmacidal Antibody in Human Serum (1972)

Abstract Investigation of the conditions which affect the mycoplasmacidal action of antibody and complement upon Mycoplasma pneumoniae indicated the importance of a filtered suspension of predominantly single organisms, and an appropriate concentration of cations. The mycoplasmacidal effect of antibody and complement resembled the hemolytic reaction in that variation in concentration of either antibody or complement yielded an S-shaped curve. The antigens involved in the mycoplasmacidal reaction appeared to be the glycolipids of the organism which had previously been shown to be of major importance in the complement fixation and metabolism inhibition reactions. The standardized mycoplasmacidal antibody assay proved to be considerably more sensitive than the conventional assay systems for measurement of M. pneumoniae antibody in human serum.
Tailoring the Activity of Pyrochlores for Different Catalytic Applications (2020)

Presented by NETL at Organic Catalysis Reaction Soceity 04/18
79GHz BiCMOS single-ended and differential power amplifiers (2010)

This paper presents the performance of 79GHz power amplifiers (PAs) for automotive short range radar (SRR) application. A single-ended four stage common emitter circuit topology and a differential PA with integrated baluns are fabricated using 0.13µm SiGe BiCMOS process. The design and the measured results of the monolithic integrated low-voltage PAs are reported. The 79GHz differential PA, which the design is based on the single-ended PA, delivers 18dBm of maximum output power and 13.5dBm output power at 1dB compression (P<inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</inf>). The differential circuit achieves 21.5dB gain and shows 8.2% of power added efficiency (PAE) from a 1.8V supply voltage at 79 GHz. The power amplifier was fully integrated including matching elements, bias circuit and very small baluns. The chip occupies an area of 0.46mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and 0.7mm<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the single-ended and differential configuration respectively.
Difficulties translating antisense-mediated activation of Frataxin expression from cell culture to mice (2022)

Friedreich's ataxia (FA) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder caused by decreased expression of frataxin (FXN) protein. Previous studies have shown that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and single-stranded silencing RNAs can be used to increase expression of frataxin in cultured patient-derived cells. In this study, we investigate the potential for oligonucleotides to increase frataxin expression in a mouse model for FA. After confirming successful <i>in vivo</i> delivery of oligonucleotides using a benchmark gapmer targeting the nuclear noncoding RNA Malat1, we tested anti-<i>FXN</i> oligonucleotides designed to function by various mechanisms. None of these strategies yielded enhanced expression of <i>FXN</i> in the model mice. Our inability to translate activation of <i>FXN</i> expression from cell culture to mice may be due to inadequate potency of our compounds or differences in the molecular mechanisms governing <i>FXN</i> gene repression and activation in FA model mice.
Alkaline phosphatase levels in osteosarcoma tissue are related to prognosis (1979)

Levels of alkaline phosphatase were measured in the primary tumor of 26 patients with osteosarcoma. One of seven patients with a tissue alkaline phosphatase level less than 0.6 microM/min/mg developed pulmonary metastases. In contrast, 16 or 17 patients with a tissue alkaline phosphatase level greater than 0.6 microM/min/mg developed pulmonary metastases. It thus appears that tissue alkaline phosphatase levels of primary osteosarcomas are strongly correlated with prognosis (p less than .01).
Broadband circulators based on directional coupling of one-way waveguides (2011)

Resonator-based optical circulators are fundamentally bandwidth-limited by their quality factors. We propose a new type of circulator based on directional coupling between one-way photonic chiral edge states and conventional two-way waveguides. The operational bandwidth of such circulators is tied to the bandwidth of the directional waveguide coupler and has the potential for simultaneous broadband operation and small device footprint.
The Barrow Biomimetic Spine: Face, Content, and Construct Validity of a 3D-Printed Spine Model for Freehand and Minimally Invasive Pedicle Screw Insertion (2019)

A 3-dimensional-printed spine model with incorporated bone bleeding and silicone rubber soft tissue was scored as having very high content and construct validity for simulating freehand pedicle screw insertion. These data has informed the further development of several surgical training models that hold great potential as educational adjuncts in surgical training programs.
A layout dependent full-chip copper electroplating topography model (2005)

In this paper, a layout dependent full-chip electroplating (ECP) topography model is developed based on the additive nature of the physics of the EP process. Two layout attributes: layout density, and feature perimeter sum are used to compute the post-ECP topography. Under a unified mechanism, two output variables representing the final topography: the array height and the step height are modeled simultaneously. Using the proposed model long-range effects of the ECP process can be incorporated easily as well. The simulation results of our model were verified with test structure experimental data published in the literature and are presented in this paper. The results show that the errors are less than 5%. This model is not limited to the regular test structures; it can also be used for any practical design. The results of such partial application are shown here as well. Our proposed ECP model can be used to model systematic variations caused by an ECP process or by a chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) process. The potential applications of this model include: layout design evaluation for catastrophic failure prevention; yield aware design (design for manufacturability), and variation- aware timing analysis.
Genomic determinants of coral heat tolerance across latitudes (2015)

As global warming continues, reef-building corals could avoid local population declines through "genetic rescue" involving exchange of heat-tolerant genotypes across latitudes, but only if latitudinal variation in thermal tolerance is heritable. Here, we show an up-to-10-fold increase in odds of survival of coral larvae under heat stress when their parents come from a warmer lower-latitude location. Elevated thermal tolerance was associated with heritable differences in expression of oxidative, extracellular, transport, and mitochondrial functions that indicated a lack of prior stress. Moreover, two genomic regions strongly responded to selection for thermal tolerance in interlatitudinal crosses. These results demonstrate that variation in coral thermal tolerance across latitudes has a strong genetic basis and could serve as raw material for natural selection.
Solid polyorganodisulfide electrodes as ion storage layers for electrochromic devices (1992)

We report on the fabrication and use of new ion storage layers as counter electrodes for completely solid state electrochromic windows. The ion storage layers are transparent composites of a room temperature ion-conducting polymer and an electroactive material based upon the polyorganodisulfide/dithiolate redox couple. Solid state devices consisting of molybdenum doped W0<sub>3</sub>, a polymer ion conductor layer and the new ion storage layers colored rapidly from a pale yellow to a deep blue-green, upon application of 1 .2 V d.c. The photopic transmittance changed from 6 1 to 9% , and the solar transmittance from 45 to 5% during the coloration process, for a typical example. Because the counter electrode does not change optical properties as a function of redox state, problems with color imbalance can be avoided completely. The large number of polyorganodisulfides that may be used for this application allows for flexibility in device design and properties, and the use of solid state components ensures improved stability of windows incorporating this technology.
Improved Tracking of the Rheological Properties of Max-Bridge Oil-Based Mud Using Artificial Neural Networks (2021)

Lab measurements for the rheological properties of mud are critical for monitoring the drilling fluid functions during the drilling operations. However, these measurements take a long time and might need more than one person to be completed. The main objectives of this research are to implement artificial intelligence for predicting the mud rheology from only Marsh funnel (μ<sub>f</sub>) and measuring mud density (ρ<sub>m</sub>) easily and quickly on the rig site. For the first time, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to build different models for predicting the rheological properties of Max-bridge oil-based mud. The properties included the plastic viscosity (μ<sub>p</sub>), yield point (γ), flow behavior index (η), and apparent viscosity (μ<sub>a</sub>). Field measurements of 383 samples were used to build and optimize the ANN models. The obtained results showed that 32 neurons in the hidden layer and tan sigmoid function transfer function were the best parameters for all ANN models. The training and testing processes of models showed a strong prediction performance with a correlation coefficient (<i>R</i>) greater than 0.91 and an average absolute percentage error (AAPE) less than 5.31%. New empirical correlations were developed based on the optimized weights and biases of the ANN models. The developed empirical correlations were compared with the published correlations, and the comparison results confirmed that the ANN-developed correlations outperformed all previous work.
Network-Level Adversaries in Federated Learning (2022)

Federated learning is a popular strategy for training models on distributed, sensitive data, while preserving data privacy. Prior work identified a range of security threats on federated learning protocols that poison the data or the model. However, federated learning is a networked system where the communication between clients and server plays a critical role for the learning task performance. We highlight how communication introduces another vulnerability surface in federated learning and study the impact of network-level adversaries on training federated learning models. We show that attackers dropping the network traffic from carefully selected clients can significantly decrease model accuracy on a target population. Moreover, we show that a coordinated poisoning campaign from a few clients can amplify the dropping attacks. Finally, we develop a server-side defense which mitigates the impact of our attacks by identifying and up-sampling clients likely to positively contribute towards target accuracy. We comprehensively evaluate our attacks and defenses on three datasets, assuming encrypted communication channels and attackers with partial visibility of the network.
Cyclic polyolefins. XLV. cis,trans-1,5-Cyclooctadiene (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclic polyolefins. XLV. cis,trans-1,5-CyclooctadieneArthur C. Cope, Charles F. Howell, John. Bowers, Richard C. Lord, and George M. WhitesidesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 16, 4024–4027Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00992a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00992a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison between time reversal and spatio-temporal inverse filter application to focusing through a human skull (2001)

Ultrasonic imaging systems capabilities are strongly dependent on the focusing quality of the ultrasonic beam. In the case of brain imaging, the skull strongly degrades the ultrasonic focusing pattern by introducing strong phase and amplitude aberrations of the wave-front. In previous work, this degradation of the beam focus had been partially corrected by coupling the time reversal focusing process to an amplitude compensation of the emission signals. In that case, the optimal focus was reproduced down to −20 dB, but the sidelobe level remained at about −25 dB. This elegant technique will be compared to another focusing technique recently developed in our laboratory, called spatio-temporal inverse filtering. Thanks to this method, based on the inversion of the propagation operator at each frequency within the bandwidth of our transducers, experimental focusing through the skull is now comparable to optimal focusing in a homogeneous medium. Those two methods not only differ theoretically, but also suffer differently from all the experimental defects, such as the limited bandwidth of the transducers or the limited aperture of the arrays. A comparson of the results obtained with both techniques in water and through a human skull clearly highlights the advantages and the drawbacks of each method.
Thermal stability of nitrogen in WNx barriers applied to polymetal gates (2005)

A polymetal gate needs a thin barrier layer for avoiding reactions between the metal layer and the polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) layer. A tungsten nitride (WNx) barrier is better than a titanium nitride (TiNx) barrier from the viewpoint of thermal resistance to the wet hydrogen oxidizing process in H2O+H2 atmosphere. This oxidizing process is used to recover the integrity of the SiO2 gate oxide film of a metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor, whose electrical characteristics such as breakdown voltage are degraded by the dry etching process for patterning the gate electrode. Nitrogen in WNx barriers formed in N2+Ar using sputtering equipment moves to the surface and the interface with the poly-Si layer in the stacked structure during high-temperature device fabrication processes. As a result, the WNx layer changes into a W layer. We developed a technology for retaining nitrogen in the tungsten nitride barrier layers. The key is that at above 400°C, a WNx layer is formed on the sample when the flowing ratio of N2∕Ar gases into the sputtering chamber is above 0.4.
Influence of Al‐Containing Interfacial Coatings on Carbon‐Fiber/Bakelite Composite Thermal and Electrical Properties (2009)

Polymer-matrix (Bakelite®) composites were produced with coated short carbon fibers as a filler material and characterized in terms of their thermal, electrical, and mechanical properties. The influence of thin, Al-containing ceramic coatings on the composite material's macroscopic properties is discussed, as the composites with interfacial coatings show improvements in some properties, as compared to the ones with uncoated fibers.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐1,2,3‐triazole‐4,5‐dimethanol‐4,5‐bis(isopropylcarbamates) as Potential Antineoplastic Agents. (1990)

Abstract The in vitro antileukemic and antitumor activity of the title compounds is evaluated.
Recent Progress in Radiofluorination of Peptides for PET Molecular Imaging (2011)

Because of its low positron energy, lack of side emission, and a moderate half-life, Fluorine-18 (β+, 0.635 MeV [97%], t1/2 = 109.8 min) has ideal physical properties for positron emission tomography (PET). With the increasing numbers of peptides that are potentially applicable for molecular imaging of diseases, novel and simple 18F-labeling methods have been actively investigated and reported. In this review, a few well established and widely-used radiofluorination strategies are discussed. Novel approaches including click chemistry, one-step chelation labeling (i.e. Al18F-NOTA), and silicon-based 18F labeling are described as well.
Supplementary Figures 1-5, Table 1 from The Connectivity Map Links Iron Regulatory Protein-1–Mediated Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2a Translation to the Anti-inflammatory 15-deoxy-Δ<sup>12,14</sup>-Prostaglandin J<sub>2</sub> (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-5, Table 1 from The Connectivity Map Links Iron Regulatory Protein-1–Mediated Inhibition of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-2a Translation to the Anti-inflammatory 15-deoxy-Δ&lt;sup&gt;12,14&lt;/sup&gt;-Prostaglandin J&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;
Remote vehicle state of health monitoring and its application to vehicle no-start prediction (2009)

This paper reports a recent effort at GM to develop a remote vehicle diagnostics service under a previously proposed framework of connected vehicle diagnostics and prognostics. An algorithm development methodology combining the physics-based approach and the data-driven approach is presented to identify, select, and calibrate failure precursors to predict vehicle no-start due to battery failures. Initial results based on real field data are promising. Also presented is a proposed implementation solution that supports the cost and performance optimization of remote vehicle no-start prediction.
Highly Enantioselective Aza‐Baylis–Hillman Reaction in a Chiral Reaction Medium (2006)

Let's twist again! The first highly enantioselective asymmetric reaction in which a chiral reaction medium is the sole source of chirality is presented. The aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction in an ionic liquid with a chiral anion, whose design is based on mechanistic insights, gave products with up to 84 % ee.
Toll-Like Receptor Signaling Contributes to Proinflammatory Mediator Production in Localized Provoked Vulvodynia (2017)

Human vulvar fibroblasts express a broad spectrum of TLRs (a new finding). A significantly higher TLR-mediated proinflammatory response was observed in LPV case vestibular fibroblasts, and with respect to the imiquimod-TLR 7 interaction, development of chronic vestibular pain and inflammation may be a possible sequelae of treatment of vulvar human papillomavirus-associated disease. Suppressing enhanced TLR-associated innate immune responses to a spectrum of pathogen-associated molecular patterns may represent a new/effective therapeutic approach for vulvodynia.
The impact of the butterfly effect on human parainfluenza virus haemagglutinin-neuraminidase inhibitor design (2017)

Human parainfluenza viruses represent a leading cause of lower respiratory tract disease in children, with currently no available approved drug or vaccine. The viral surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) represents an ideal antiviral target. Herein, we describe the first structure-based study on the rearrangement of key active site amino acid residues by an induced opening of the 216-loop, through the accommodation of appropriately functionalised neuraminic acid-based inhibitors. We discovered that the rearrangement is influenced by the degree of loop opening and is controlled by the neuraminic acid's C-4 substituent's size (large or small). In this study, we found that these rearrangements induce a butterfly effect of paramount importance in HN inhibitor design and define criteria for the ideal substituent size in two different categories of HN inhibitors and provide novel structural insight into the druggable viral HN protein.