gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Howard S. An (2023)

Samartzis, Dino DSc; Aboushaala, Khaled MD, MS; Albert, Todd J. MD; Cha, Thomas MD, MBA; Chee, Ana PhD; Diwan, Ashish D. MBBS, PhD; Espinoza-Orias, Alejandro PhD; Hu, Serena S. MD; Inoue, Nozomu MD, PhD; Jacobs, Joshua J. MD; Lenke, Lawrence G. MD; Louie, Philip K. MD; Martin, John T. PhD; Nassr, Ahmad MD; Oh, Chundo PhD; Phillips, Frank M. MD; Riew, Kiehyun Daniel MD; Shen, Francis H. MD; Tannoury, Chadi MD; Vaccaro, Alexander R. MD, PhD, MBA; Wong, Arnold Y.L. PhD; Yoon, Sangwook Tim MD, PhD Author Information
v-rasH induces non-small cell phenotype, with associated growth factors and receptors, in a small cell lung cancer cell line. (1990)

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumor progression can involve partial or complete conversion to a more treatment-resistant non-small cell (NSCLC) phenotype. In a cell culture model of this phenomenon, we have previously demonstrated that insertion of the viral Harvey ras gene (v-Ha-ras) into SCLC cell lines with amplification and overexpression of the c-myc gene induced many NSCLC phenotypic features. We now report that the v-Ha-ras gene can also induce morphologic, biochemical, and growth characteristics consistent with the NSCLC phenotype in an N-myc amplified SCLC cell line, NCI-H249. We show that v-Ha-ras has novel effects on these cells, abrogating an SCLC-specific growth requirement for gastrin-releasing peptide, and inducing mRNA expression of three NSCLC-associated growth factors and receptors, platelet-derived growth factor B chain, transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha), and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R). TGF-alpha secretion and EGF-R also appear, consistent with the induction of an autocrine loop previously shown to be growth stimulatory for NSCLC in culture. These data suggest that N-myc and v-Ha-ras represent functional classes of genes that may complement each other in bringing about the phenotypic alterations seen during SCLC tumor progression, and suggest that such alterations might include the appearance of growth factors and receptors of potential importance for the growth of the tumor and its surrounding stroma.
Volume-specific amino acid analysis: a method for Za determination (1994)

A general method has been developed for determining the number of molecules per asymmetric unit, Za, of a protein crystal. The method, volume-specific amino acid analysis, relies on the direct measurement of the number of protein molecules in a crystal as normalized by the crystal volume. The method is accurate, straightforward to implement and sensitive enough for application to small (0.002 m3) crystals. Although the procedures described here are specific to proteins, extension to nucleic acid crystals should be possible.
Suppression of Interleukin 2 Activity by Natural Products: Effects of Serum Lipoproteins (1987)

The results presented here demonstrate that mouse serum lipoproteins inhibit Interleukin 2 (IL2)-mediated proliferation of CTLL-2 cells. Lipoproteins account for a variable portion (29-83%) of the total inhibitory activity of whole serum and are not specific inhibitors of IL2-mediated cell proliferation, as evidenced by their inhibitory activity for non-IL2-dependent MPC 11 cells. Lipoproteins did not accelerate the death of CTLL-2 cells deprived of IL2, indicating that their inhibition of proliferation is not due to toxic effects. Finally, the inhibitory activity of serum and isolated lipoproteins was increased when the donor mice were maintained on a diet high in polyunsaturated fats for 16 days prior to bleeding. These findings provide a basis for future investigations of the relationship between dietary fats, lipoprotein quantity and composition, and alteration of immune responses.
Microphone array beamformer with robust spatial and temporal responses (2010)

In the applications of microphone array, large steering direction error is often unavoidable because of the motion of target speaker. Although many robust beamformers possess robustness against arbitrary array steering vector (ASV) error within a presumed uncertainty set, facing a large steering direction error, their performance degrades significantly. Meanwhile, microphone array always request a controlled frequency response to target signal. In this paper, we present a new adaptive microphone array implemented in frequency domain with controlled mainlobe and frequency response. With the robust constraints on magnitude response, the proposed microphone array not only produces large controlled robust response region and robust frequency response, but also achieves high performance in SINR enhancement.
Study about Natural Feature Tracking for Augmented Reality Applications on Mobile Devices (2015)

This work aims to evaluate different ways of performing natural feature tracking on mobile devices. Two solutions have been developed. One solution is standalone, that is, uses only the mobile device, and the other solution transfers part of the processing to a server. Both solutions were implemented for the Android platform and use OpenCV, which is a computer vision library. Besides that, the standalone solution uses the Intel TBB library, which allows processing parallelization. The description of the utilized techniques as well as the details of how they were implemented is presented throughout this work. Finally, a comparative study of the techniques is presented based on the tests performed using a recent Android device.
Extremely Low Keff (1.9) Cu Interconnects with Air Gap Formed Using SiOC (2007)

Dual damascene Cu interconnects with Keff below 2.0 have been demonstrated for the first time. Air gaps between Cu lines were formed with a low K SiOC film in a carefully designed manner. CoWP cap layers were introduced to protect the Cu lines and to eliminate a dielectric liner layer. In addition, AGE (Air Gap Exclusion) was applied to solve crucial problems related to the air gaps. Keff of 1.9 was obtained at 65nm design rule, which surpassed by far ITRS target (2.52.8) for hp45. It was also confirmed that leakage current between lines was suppressed by the formation of the air gaps.
Both IgG- and C1q-receptors play a role in the enhanced binding of IgG complexes to human mesangial cells. (1996)

The presence of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the mesangial area in kidneys of patients with different forms of glomerulonephritis suggests a role for IgG in the inflammatory process. This study investigates whether IgG is able to bind to cultured human mesangial cells (MC) in vitro. Incubation of MC with 125I-aggregated IgG(125I-AIgG), as a model for immune complexes (IC), at 4 degrees C resulted in a time- and dose-dependent binding of 125I-AIgG to MC. The binding of 125I-AIgG to MC was inhibited by excess AIgG or Fc-fragments and not by F(ab')2-fragments or human serum albumin (HSA). Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of 2.8.10(6) receptors/cell with an affinity of 9.7.10(7) M-1. Incubation of MC with 125I-C1q resulted in a time- and dose-dependent binding of 125I-C1q to MC. The binding of 125I-C1q was inhibited by excess C1q or C1q talls and not by HSA. Scatchard analysis revealed the presence of 3.2.10(7) binding sites/cell with an affinity of 1.4.10(7) M-1. Immunoprecipitation of 125I-labeled MC membrane proteins with C1q or monoclonal antibodies directed against human C1q-R revealed a single 66 to 68 kd band under reducing conditions. Fluorescence-activated cell-sorter analysis revealed an average of 60.1% +/- 5.4% of the cells positive with a mean channel of fluorescence of 592. A cooperative effect between C1q-R and Fc gamma-R in the binding of 125I-AIgG to MC, was assessed by incubation of 125I-AIgG in the presence of increasing concentrations of C1q, C1q talls, or delta C1q. Only intact C1q showed a 6- to 11-fold enhancement in binding of 125I-AIgG to MC. These studies demonstrate the occurrence of C1q-R and Fc gamma-R on MC and indicate that binding of IC is enhanced after interaction of IC with C1q.
212 Protocol-Based Collaboration with Reconstructive Spine Surgery, Neurophysiology and Sexual Medicine for Diagnosis and Treatment of Neurogenic Sexual Dysfunctions (2016)

Genital organs involved in sexual health are innervated, in part, by the vagus, hypogastric, pelvic, and pudendal nerves. Multiple neurologic disorders may result in sexual dysfunctions. Spine-based neurologic disorders, theoretically reversible by surgery, include Tarlov cyst(s), spinal stenosis, and/or disc impingements. Distressing sexual disorders may arise from such disorders, including life-long/acquired anorgasmia, severely muted orgasm intensity, difficulty achieving orgasm, and orgasm anhedonia; persistent genital arousal disorder (PGAD); persistent nocturnal prolonged erection/priapism; and sexual pain disorders that intensify during sexual arousal/orgasm. We present collaborative experiences between sexual medicine, spine surgery and neurophysiology colleagues for patients with suspected neurogenic sexual health concerns. Our protocol is a biopsychosocial assessment including neuro-genital testing: quantitative sensory testing with vibration (biothesiometry), hot/cold perception, sensory/motor sacral dermatome testing, bulbocavernosus reflex latency testing, MRI imaging of the sacral/lumbar spinal cord with/without contrast, and, if needed, administration of local anesthesia to the sacral/lumbar spine pathology under strict sterile conditions to assess for impact on sexual symptoms.
Emerging artificial intelligence applications in liver magnetic resonance imaging (2021)

Chronic liver diseases (CLDs) are becoming increasingly more prevalent in modern society. The use of imaging techniques for early detection, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is crucial in reducing the impact of these diseases on healthcare systems. Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have been shown over the past decade to excel at image-based analysis tasks such as detection and segmentation. When applied to liver MRI, they have the potential to improve clinical decision making, and increase throughput by automating analyses. With Liver diseases becoming more prevalent in society, the need to implement these techniques to utilize liver MRI to its full potential, is paramount. In this review, we report on the current methods and applications of AI methods in liver MRI, with a focus on machine learning and deep learning methods. We assess four main themes of segmentation, classification, image synthesis and artefact detection, and their respective potential in liver MRI and the wider clinic. We provide a brief explanation of some of the algorithms used and explore the current challenges affecting the field. Though there are many hurdles to overcome in implementing AI methods in the clinic, we conclude that AI methods have the potential to positively aid healthcare professionals for years to come.
Synthesis and Conformation of Multi‐Vicinal Fluoroalkane Diastereoisomers (2007)

Sie drehen und wenden sich: Eine Konformationsanalyse mit Röntgenbeugung und NMR-Spektroskopie zeigt das unterschiedliche Verhalten der Isomere geradkettiger Alkane mit vier benachbarten Fluoratomen auf. Aus Rechnungen geht zudem hervor, dass das all-syn-Fluoralkan (siehe Bild; C grau, F grün, H weiß) eine helikale Konformation einnimmt, wohingegen das anti-syn-anti-Isomer bevorzugt gestreckt vorliegt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2007/z701988_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Reliability of Cu pillar on substrate interconnects in high performance flip chip packages (2011)

In this work, we compare the reliability performance of Cu pillar-on-substrate interconnects against Cu pillar-on-die and conventional thin-Cu-UBM with solder-on-substrate-pad (SOP) interconnects within fine pitch Pb-free flip chip packages. Our ongoing results indicate a superior electromigration (EM) lifetime for pillar-on-substrate structures compared to thin-Cu-UBM interconnects. While the primary failure mechanism, the formation of voids and the depletion of the UBM in the cathode bumps, remains similar in both the interconnect structures, severe damage to the substrate side is observed only within the SOP structures. Moreover, the pillar-on-substrate interconnects show enhanced temperature cycling performance compared to pillar-on-die interconnects with 50% performance improvement at 1% failure rate.
An Analysis Of The Interaction Between CrawlerAnd Soil By The Particle Element Method (2005)

This paper describes a new approach that analyzes the interaction between crawler and soil by using the Particle Element Method (PEM). The traction characteristics of the crawler shoe are discussed in detail using an analytical model constructed by the PEM. An analytical model is built by the PEM to analyze the behavior of soil particles. The model consists of a shoe, load weights and soil. In laboratory experiments, motion of the shoe is measured to verify the validity of the analytical model, and slip displacement and traction force are measured to examine dependency of traction characteristics. As a result, the analytical results are very similar to the experimental results. By analyzing soil particle flows and the traction force on each face of the shoe, the influence of ground pressure on the relationship between slip displacement and traction force is considered carefully. It is understood that the larger the ground pressure, the more hardened is the soil and the slower it flows, and in such conditions, contact forces from the contact particles to the underside of spacing and the inner side of the rear grouser are stronger so that the shoe does not move easily. As mentioned above, it is found that the PEM is quite effective in the analysis of the interaction between crawler and soil.
Interaction of Heat Generation, MPL, and Water Retention in Corroded PEMFCs (2011)

Carbon corrosion in PEM fuel cells was induced by a potential-hold accelerated stress test in 2.5 cm2 active area cells. Polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectra quantified performance degradation from a combination of kinetic and mass transport losses. High-resolution neutron imaging of the operating cells showed a dramatic decrease in water retention at the same current density in the corroded cells, attributed to increasing internal heat generation. Omission of a cathode-side microporous layer resulted in significant differences in both water profiles and performance degradation. Post-mortem characterization of cell components was carried out by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to quantify changes in surface functionality.
Integrated Concept Analytics and Development Optimization Under Uncertainties (2022)

Abstract Decision-making complexity in the oil and gas industry has risen dramatically in recent years, especially in consideration of uncertainties related to geopolitics, policies, marketing, subsurface resources etc. To enable decision making with the best quality opportunities and projects, we are developing an integrated suite of machine augmented mathematical technologies to recommend holistic decisions for concept selection and development planning under uncertainties. Our ongoing technology development is progressing a set of prototypes and use cases including: 1) AI-based uncertainty handling technologies aiming to detect uncertainties, quantify impacts, and translate to influence factors for decision-making (e.g., IRR, cost); 2) Decision-driven surrogate reservoir models approximating subsurface dynamics to enable rapid concept screening; 3) a set of mathematical optimization-based decision models in the form of mixed-integer linear programs (MILP) to provide solution alternatives to address different business challenges under uncertainties. We demonstrate that the use of systematic technical applications combined with human interaction can improve the decision quality significantly by considering all influence factors, searching through the entire decision space, and recommending a range of alternatives for business users to consider with minimal bias. These technologies have been designed to plug into existing processes and platforms to accelerate technology adoption and usage.
Design of ultra-broadband antireflection coatings utilizing integrated moth-eye structures for multi-junction device applications (2013)

Ultra-broadband Antireflection Coatings (ARCs) are essential to realizing the potential efficiency gains of four-junction photovoltaic devices that absorb to longer wavelengths than state-of-the-art three-junction cells. In this work, we examine a novel design that integrates a nanostructured antireflection layer with a multilayer ARC. Using optical models, we find that this hybrid approach can reduce the reflected AM1.5D power by 10-45 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> compared to conventional thin-film ARCs. A hybrid ARC is designed and fabricated on a sample consisting of approximately 1μm of indium gallium phosphide (InGaP) on gallium arsenide (GaAs). For the hybrid coating, we measure a reflection loss of just 23.9 W/m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> corresponding to less than a 3% power reflection.
Long-Term Cr Poisoning Effect on LSCF-GDC Composite Cathodes Sintered at Different Temperatures (2016)

Here, the impact of sintering temperature on Cr-poisoning of solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathodes was systematically studied. La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>O<sub>3-δ</sub> - Ce<sub>0.9</sub>Gd<sub>0.1</sub>O<sub>2-δ</sub> symmetric cells were aged at 750°C in synthetic air with the presence of Crofer 22 APU, a common high temperature interconnect, over 200 hours and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used to determine the degradation process. Both the ohmic resistance (R<sub>Ω</sub>) and polarization resistance (R<sub>P</sub>) of LSCF-GDC cells, extracted from EIS spectra, for different sintering temperatures increase as a function of aging time. Furthermore, the Cr-related degradation rate increases with decreased cathode sintering temperature. The polarization resistance of cathode sintered at lower temperature (950°C) increases dramatically while aging with the presence of Cr and also significantly decreases the oxygen partial pressure dependence after aging. The degradation rate shows a positive correlation to the concentration of Cr. The results indicate that decreased sintering temperature increases the total surface area, leading to more available sites for Sr-Cr-O nucleation and thus greater Cr degradation.
Identification and Characterization of a NovelTerrabacter ginsenosidimutanssp. nov. β-Glucosidase That Transforms Ginsenoside Rb1 into the Rare Gypenosides XVII and LXXV (2010)

A new beta-glucosidase from a novel strain of Terrabacter ginsenosidimutans (Gsoil 3082(T)) obtained from the soil of a ginseng farm was characterized, and the gene, bgpA (1,947 bp), was cloned in Escherichia coli. The enzyme catalyzed the conversion of ginsenoside Rb1 {3-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol} to the more pharmacologically active rare ginsenosides gypenoside XVII {3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-20-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, gypenoside LXXV {20-O-[beta-v-glucopyranosyl-(1-6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-20(S)-protopanaxadiol}, and C-K [20-O-(beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-20(S)-protopanaxadiol]. A BLAST search of the bgpA sequence revealed significant homology to family 3 glycoside hydrolases. Expressed in E. coli, beta-glucosidase had apparent K(m) values of 4.2 +/- 0.8 and 0.14 +/- 0.05 mM and V(max) values of 100.6 +/- 17.1 and 329 +/- 31 micromol x min(-1) x mg of protein(-1) against p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside and Rb1, respectively. The enzyme catalyzed the hydrolysis of the two glucose moieties attached to the C-3 position of ginsenoside Rb1, and the outer glucose attached to the C-20 position at pH 7.0 and 37 degrees C. These cleavages occurred in a defined order, with the outer glucose of C-3 cleaved first, followed by the inner glucose of C-3, and finally the outer glucose of C-20. These results indicated that BgpA selectively and sequentially converts ginsenoside Rb1 to the rare ginsenosides gypenoside XVII, gypenoside LXXV, and then C-K. Herein is the first report of the cloning and characterization of a novel ginsenoside-transforming beta-glucosidase of the glycoside hydrolase family 3.
Recommendations for reporting perioperative transoesophageal echo studies (2010)

Every perioperative transoesophageal echo (TEE) study should generate a written report. A verbal report may be given at the time of the study. Important findings must be included in the written report. Where the perioperative TEE findings are new, or have led to a change in operative surgery, postoperative care or in prognosis, it is essential that this information should be reported in writing and available as soon as possible after surgery. The ultrasound technology and methodology used to assess valve pathology, ventricular performance and any other derived information should be included to support any conclusions. This is particularly important in the case of new or unexpected findings. Particular attention should be attached to the echo findings following the completion of surgery. Every written report should include a written conclusion, which should be comprehensible to physicians who are not experts in echocardiography.
Fully Integrated Microfluidic Platform Enabling Automated Phosphoprofiling of Macrophage Response (2009)

The ability to monitor cell signaling events is crucial to the understanding of immune defense against invading pathogens. Conventional analytical techniques such as flow cytometry, microscopy, and Western blot are powerful tools for signaling studies. Nevertheless, each approach is currently stand-alone and limited by multiple time-consuming and labor-intensive steps. In addition, these techniques do not provide correlated signaling information on total intracellular protein abundance and subcellular protein localization. We report on a novel phosphoFlow Chip (pFC) that relies on monolithic microfluidic technology to rapidly conduct signaling studies. The pFC platform integrates cell stimulation and preparation, microscopy, and subsequent flow cytometry. pFC allows host-pathogen phosphoprofiling in 30 min with an order of magnitude reduction in the consumption of reagents. For pFC validation, we monitor the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 and p38 in response to Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of murine macrophage cells (RAW 264.7). pFC permits ERK1/2 phosphorylation monitoring starting at 5 s after LPS stimulation, with phosphorylation observed at 5 min. In addition, ERK1/2 phosphorylation is correlated with subsequent recruitment into the nucleus, as observed from fluorescence microscopy performed on cells upstream of flow cytometric analysis. The fully integrated cell handling has the added advantage of reduced cell aggregation and cell loss, with no detectable cell activation. The pFC approach is a step toward unified, automated infrastructure for high-throughput systems biology.