gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Robust Electrochemical CO2 Sensor Utilizing Room Temperature Ionic Liquids (2017)

Next generation CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gas sensors require an enhancement of sensitivity and invariance with regards to CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> detection and environmental factors. For this study, we report and discuss the effective application of room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) toward the development of a stable electrochemical CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensor that provides increased valuation toward commercial applications. We have investigated two RTILs on both gold and carbon paste electrodes on printed circuit boards over four different CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentrations. We also have investigated another RTIL on a gold electrode for initial repeatability effects at two CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> concentrations. Using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry, we compare and contrast the initial response behaviors for these RTILs for these sensors. This analysis has aided in the identification of robust combinations of RTIL/electrode toward environmental CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> sensors.
Stationary semi-solid battery module and method of manufacture (2023)

A method of manufacturing an electrochemical cell includes transferring an anode semi-solid suspension to an anode compartment defined at least in part by an anode current collector and an separator spaced apart from the anode collector. The method also includes transferring a cathode semi-solid suspension to a cathode compartment defined at least in part by a cathode current collector and the separator spaced apart from the cathode collector. The transferring of the anode semi-solid suspension to the anode compartment and the cathode semi-solid to the cathode compartment is such that a difference between a minimum distance and a maximum distance between the anode current collector and the separator is maintained within a predetermined tolerance. The method includes sealing the anode compartment and the cathode compartment.
Bridging the Gap between H- and J-Aggregates: Classification and Supramolecular Tunability for Excitonic Band Structures in 2-Dimensional Molecular Aggregates (2022)

Molecular aggregates with long-range excitonic couplings have drastically different photophysical properties compared to their monomer counterparts. From Kasha’s model for 1-dimensional systems, positive or negative excitonic couplings lead to blue or red shifted optical spectra with respect to the monomers, labelled H-and J-aggregates respectively. The overall excitonic couplings in higher dimensional systems are much more complicated and cannot be simply classified from their spectral shifts alone. Here, we provide a unified classification for extended 2D aggregates using temperature dependent peak shifts, thermal broadening and quantum yields. We discuss the examples of six 2D aggregates with J-like absorption spectra but quite drastic changes quantum yields and superradiance. We find the origin of the differences is, in fact, a different excitonic band structure where the bright state is lower energy than the monomer but still away from the band edge. We call this an ‘I-aggregate’. Our results provide a description of the complex excitonic behaviors that cannot be explained solely on Kasha’s model. Further, such properties can be tuned with the packing geometries within the aggregates providing supramolecular pathways for controlling them. This will allow for precise optimizations of aggregate properties in their applications across the areas of optoelectronics, photonics, excitonic energy transfer, and shortwave infrared technologies.
Topology optimized photonic wire splitters (2006)

Photonic wire splitters have been designed using topology optimization. The splitters have been fabricated in silicon-on-insulator material and display broadband low-loss 3 dB splitting in a bandwidth larger than 100 nm.
The next generation of Optical Plankton Counter: the Laser-OPC (2004)

Optical Plankton Counters (OPCs) have been in operation for ∼12 years and while there have been considerable research studies by the user community, some operational issues have emerged over this time, such as its operational limitations in high densities, the lack of accompanying flow measurements and other measurement limitations. Reported here is the next generation of this device, the Laser-Optical Plankton Counter or LOPC which was designed at the Bedford Institute of Oceanography to address the future needs of optical plankton counting. Using a narrow laser beam and new sampling geometry, the LOPC is now capable of working in plankton densities of 106 m−3, nearly 100 times greater than its predecessor, the OPC, and is also capable of providing shape profiles of plankton >1.5 mm. Other new features include (i) the measurement of flow speeds through the sampling tunnel by making statistical estimates of the particle time-of-transit, (ii) a lower detection limit of 100 μm, (iii) high speed towing up to 8 m s−1, and (iv) overall smaller physical size relative to the OPC. Data are presented from an LOPC mounted on the inside of a 0.5 m plankton net (75 μm mesh size) showing linear correlation between net samples (e.g. counts of copepod eggs, nauplii) and LOPC counts. The LOPC-measured shape profiles from the same LOPC/net tows clearly show copepods and appendages and, in some cases, euphausiids. By increasing the tunnel width relative to the original OPC, the volume sampled by the LOPC can be increased by 5×. Other towing platforms that have been tested to date are the Batfish vehicle towed at 8 knots and the Moving Vessel Profiler (MVP) towed at 12–14 knots.
Experimental Investigation of the Local Blood Flow Pattern in Stented Coronary Bifurcations (2011)

Stenting procedures give the opportunity to treat cardiovascular diseases with a time saving, cost effective and minimally invasive procedure when compared to coronary artery by-pass, while ensuring improved clinical results than balloon angioplasty. However, despite their success, stenting procedures are still associated with some clinical problems like sub-acute thrombosis (ST) and in-stent restenosis (ISR). Several clinical studies associate these issues to the local blood flow alterations caused by stent implantation. In particular, hemodynamic forces like wall shear stresses induce endothelial cells to experience an enhanced proliferative attitude.
Clinical use of methotrexate--with emphasis on use of high doses. (1981)

The rationale for and the clinical use of regimens that utilize methotrexate (MTX) in high dose (greater than 500 mg/m2) are reviewed. Advantages of high pulse doses are (a) increased cell kill; (b) prevention or delay of resistance; (c) penetration into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); and (d) relative lack of toxicity, if used with appropriate monitoring and patient surveillance. Disadvantages are its cost and the cost of patient followup required. Some examples of its use in combination illustrate the point that antagonistic as well as synergistic antitumor or antinormal cell effects can result, depending upon the sequence of administration of MTX and another drug.
Improved safety, pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy profiles of a novel liposomal formulation of mitoxantrone. (2002)

We describe here the preclinical studies of a novel formulation of liposome-entrapped mitoxantrone (LEM). The liposome entrapment efficiency of mitoxantrone was 93.4 +/- 2.8%. In vitro cytotoxicity studies in HL60 cells comparing LEM with conventional mitoxantrone (MTO) showed IC50 values of 0.31 +/- 0.05 ng/ml and 0.48 +/- 0.06 ng/ml for LEM and MTO, respectively. In CD2F1 mice, LEM was significantly less toxic as compared with MTO. A single intravenous (i.v.) dose of 15 mg/kg MTO produced 100% mortality in CD2F1 mice by Day 10, whereas a single i.v. dose as high as 35 mg/kg LEM caused no mortality for at least up to Day 60 post-treatment. Multiple doses of MTO (i.v., 5.0 mg/kg, 1x daily, x5) caused 100% mortality by Day 10, whereas a similar dose regimen of LEM caused no mortality in CD2F1 mice. Clinical and histopathology evaluations indicated long-term normal tissue protection in mice treated with relatively high single dose (i.v., 35 mg/kg) or multiple doses of LEM (i.v., 5.0 mg/kg, 1x daily, x5). LEM also demonstrated favourable pharmacokinetic profiles. CD2F1 mice injected with 5 mg/kg i.v. dose of LEM showed plasma levels 51-fold higher than with an equivalent dose of MTO. The area under the plasma concentration-time curve was 200-fold greater with LEM as compared to MTO. The plasma half-lives were 0.96 hours and 0.11 hours for LEM and MTO, respectively. An altered tissue distribution was observed with LEM; cardiac tissue demonstrating at least 2.6-fold lower levels of mitoxantrone with LEM vs. MTO. LEM exhibited significant anti-tumor activity against murine ascitic L1210 leukemia in CD2F1 mice. Treatment with a single dose of 20.0 mg/kg LEM resulted in 100% long-term survivors. LEM 2.5 mg/kg (i.v., x4) had antitumor activity against a human hormone-independent prostate carcinoma (PC-3) grown in athymic mice, while a comparable dose of MTO was too toxic. A significant decrease in toxicity, altered pharmacokinetics, and enhanced efficacy of LEM suggest that LEM may provide a viable alternative to the clinical use of conventional mitoxantrone.
Calculation of Band Structures for Perovskite-Type Crystals Using Discrete Variational Xα Method (1994)

Electronic structures of perovskite-type oxides were calculated using the discrete variational X α method. First, band structures and densities of states (DOS) were calculated for SrTiO 3 and tetragonal BaTiO 3 . The calculated band structures agreed well with the previous reports and the DOS explained the XPS spectra measured well. Furthermore, band structures of SrTiO 3 /SrZrO 3 superlattices with double period of SrTiO 3 along [001], [011] and [111] directions were calculated. As a result, it was confirmed that the SrTiO 3 and the [001] superlattice showed an indirect transition between the conduction band at the Γ point and valence band at the M or R point, while the [011] or the [111] superlattice showed a direct transition at the Γ point.
Folded Waveguide Traveling-Wave Tube Sources for Terahertz Radiation (2004)

Microfabricated folded waveguide traveling-wave tubes (TWTs) are potential compact sources of wide-band, high-power terahertz radiation. We present feasibility studies of an oscillator concept using an amplifier with delayed feedback. Simulations of a 560-GHz oscillator and experimental evaluation of the concept at 50 GHz are presented. Additionally, results from various fabrication methods that are under investigation, such as X-ray lithography, electroforming, and molding (LIGA), UV LIGA, and deep reactive ion etching are presented. Observations and measurements are reported on the generation of stable single-frequency oscillation states. On varying the feedback level, the oscillation changes from a stable single-frequency state at the threshold to multifrequency spectra in the overdriven state. Simulation and experimental results on amplifier characterization and dynamics of the regenerative TWT oscillator include spectral evolution and phase stability of the generated frequencies. The results of the experiment are in good agreement with the simulations.
COFFE: Fully-automated transistor sizing for FPGAs (2013)

In this paper, we present COFFE (Circuit Optimization For FPGA Exploration), a new fully-automated transistor sizing tool for FPGAs. Automated transistor-level CAD tools are an important part of the architecture exploration flow because they provide accurate area and delay estimates of low-level FPGA circuitry, which must be obtained for each architecture. We show that modeling transistors as linear resistances and capacitances as has been done in previous FPGA transistor sizing tools is highly inaccurate for fine-grained transistor-level design in advanced process nodes. Therefore, COFFE's transistor sizing algorithm maintains circuit non-linearities by relying exclusively on HSPICE simulations to measure delay. Area is estimated with a transistor size-based model that incorporates a number of improvements to enhance its accuracy in advanced process technologies versus prior methods. In addition to more accurate area and delay estimation, COFFE considers more layout effects than prior published work by automatically accounting for transistor and wire loads, which are computed based on architectural parameters and layout area. This new FPGA transistor sizing tool requires only several hours to produce high-quality transistor sizing results for an entire FPGA tile; a task that would normally take months of manual effort. We demonstrate COFFE's utility in FPGA architecture studies by investigating an important new architectural question at the logic-to-routing interface.
Integrating Modeling with System Operations (2013)

Modeling and SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems can work together to provide better insights into water systems performance than either can alone. This paper describes the benefits and associated impediments to such a relationship as these two types of systems were not created to work together. Considerable progress has been made in bidirectional sharing of data between SCADA systems and models as data can be imported into models, models can be run from within a SCADA Human Machine Interface (HMI), and results can be viewed in either the HMI or model.
A force vector and surface orientation sensor for intelligent grasping (1991)

The paper discusses a force vector and surface orientation sensor suitable for intelligent grasping. The use of a novel four degree-of-freedom force vector robotic fingertip sensor allows efficient, real time intelligent grasping operations. The basis of sensing for intelligent grasping operations is presented and experimental results demonstrate the accuracy and ease of implementation of this approach.
Characteristics of Cytotoxic Antibodies Against Neuraminidase-Treated Lymphocytes in Man (1979)

The serologic specificity of cytotoxic antibodies in human serum directed against Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase (Nase)-treated lymphocytes (V. cholerae Nase-ly) was investigated. With the use of the two-step cytotoxicity test, antibody activity was found to occur in 48% of healthy young adults, 43% of elderly persons, 39% of patients with multiple sclerosis, 30% of patients with tumors, and in no newborns. The antibodies could be absorbed with blood cells, tumor cells, and fetal tissues only if the cells had been previously treated with Nase; untreated cells did not react in our test systems. Moreover, antibodies could be absorbed with V. cholerae Nase bound to polyhydroxymethylene particles or to Sepharose 4B. The adsorbed antibodies against V. cholerae Nase-ly could be eluted effectively with 0.2 M lactose, which represents a β-D-galactosyl-containing inhibitor of the antibody. By immunadsorptlon and elullon processes with lactose, purification of cytotoxic antibodies against V. cholera Nase-ly up to 200-fold could be achieved. Analogous experiments with rabbit antiserum against V. cholera Nase showed that, due to pH stability and probably due to a higher binding affinity, the heterologous antibodies could be eluted with glycine-HCI buffer at pH 2.5 but not with 0.2 M lactose. Results showed that cytotoxic human antibodies against V. cholera Nasa-ly are “natural” antibodies cross-reacting with Nase. From results obtained with cytotoxicity, agglutination, and enzyme inhibition tests, strong evidence was provided for the presence of heterogeneous antibodies that differ in their capacity to activate complement, agglutinate V. cholera Nase-coated latex, or inhibit the enzymatic activity of V. cholerae Nase. V. cholera Nase remained firmly attached to the cell membrane after incubation and thus might represent an exogenous neoantlgen. The immunochemical relationship between attached V. cholera Nasa and “cryptic” struelures on target cells unmasked by V. cholera Nase would, therefore, have to be considered in further studles.
Human immunoglobulin G autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor from Epstein-Barr virus-transformed B lymphocytes: characterization by immunoprecipitation with recombinant antigen and biological activity. (1996)

The TSH receptor (TSH-R) is the target antigen for disease-related autoantibodies in Graves' disease and primary myxoedema, but the repertoire of the antibodies or the nature of the precise antigenic epitopes is not known. We have immortalized peripheral blood B cells from six different autoimmune thyroid disease patients with Epstein-Barr virus and selected IgG-producing B cells by magnetic selection on anti-IgG-coated beads. Purified recombinant insect cell-derived extracellular region of TSH-R was used to identify the positive wells for expansion in culture. Stable B cell lines (n = 11) were obtained, which after limiting dilution led to two stable B cell clones. B cell lines and clones secreted IgG antibody that were shown to react biochemically with metabolically labeled or in vitro translated, nascent extracellular region of TSH-R, giving strong, confirmatory evidence of the presence of anti-TSH-R antibody. Supernatants from lines contained thyroid-stimulating activity, thyroid-blocking activity (as assessed by inhibition of TSH-mediated cAMP stimulation), or both of these activities. Interestingly, antibodies with stimulating activity were generated from a primary myxoedema patient, and antibodies of blocking specificities were obtained from newly diagnosed thyrotoxic Graves' disease patients. Our results favor a fine balance between stimulating and blocking autoantibody activities in determining the clinical presentation observed in patients with autoimmune thyroid disease patients who have these antibodies present in their serum.
A 1V 18GHz Clock Generator in a 65nm PD-SOI Technology (2007)

Two PLLs were designed using current-steering interpolating ring oscillators. The regular-V, PLL demonstrates a 3.2times lock range and a maximum frequency of 24.6GHz with 1.28ps <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rms</sub> jitter at 1V. The high-V, PLL exhibits a 3.5times lock range at 6% lower frequency. The 0.18mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> PLLs consume 16mW of power from 1V and are fabricated in a PD-SOI 65nm technology
Nanomedicine in Cardiovascular Diseases: Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Potential (2011)

Cardiovascular diseases, especially myocardial ischemia, have been a leading cause of death worldwide for several decades. Despite major advances in the diagnostic and therapeutic modalities available for the clinical management of patients with cardiovascular disease, significant limitations remain. The use of very small molecular particles has recently emerged as a novel technique for diagnostic imaging and treatment of a variety of disease processes and can be broadly classified under the category Nanomedicine. Many diagnostic and therapeutic modalities based on these small molecular particles have become part of routine clinical practice, such as liposomal amphotericin B for the treatment of fungal infections and iron nanoparticles for imaging liver tumors. In this review, we discuss the potential applications of nanomedicine in the management of cardiovascular diseases.
Tables S1 ans S2 from Extracellular-Regulated Protein Kinase 5-Mediated Control of p21 Expression Promotes Macrophage Proliferation Associated with Tumor Growth and Metastasis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Table S1: A list of the primer sequences utilized for qRT- PCR experiments Table S2: Total number of proliferating CD163+ and Iba1+ cells in human and murine tumors.&lt;/p&gt;
Homo- and hetero-dinuclear metal complexes of bridging ligands containing phenol and azole moieties. Structure, spectroscopy, electrochemistry and magnetochemistry (1996)

A series of phenoxo-bridged homo- and hetero-dinuclear complexes of 4-methyl-2,6-bis(5-methylpyrazol-3-yl)-phenol (H3L1) have been synthesized and characterized. Variable-temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements carried out for the homo-dinuclear complexes [Cu2(H2L1)2][ClO4]21, [Cu2(H2L1)(acac)2][ClO4]2, [Cu2(H2L1)(µ-OH)Cl2]3, [Ni2(H2L1)2(H2O)4][ClO4]24 and [Fe2(H2L1)4(µ-OH)2]·4H2O 7 have shown that in all the cases the dinuclear metal centres are antiferromagnetically coupled with the following values of the exchange coupling constant J: –242 (1), –55 (2), –170 (3), –24 (4) and –11 cm–1(7). The ESR spectra of the heterodinuclear complexes [ZnCu(H2L1)2][ClO4]2·2H2O 5 and [ZnMn(H2L1)2Cl2]6 have been examined. The 1H NMR spectra of the dicopper(II) complexes 1 and 2 are reasonably sharp and the isotropic shifts of 1 are relatively less compared to those of 2. The crystal structures of 7 and 2·CHCl3 have been determined. That of 7 comprises two edge-shared sterically non-equivalent FeO4N2 distorted octahedra. The structure of 2·CHCl3 consists of two nearly square-planar copper(II) centres supported by a phenoxide bridge. The cryomagnetic behaviour of two phenoxo-bridged dimeric iron(III) complexes derived from a bis(iminomethyl)triphenol and a bis(aminomethyl)triphenol have also been studied.
[Laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy: surgical technique and results]. (2006)

Our experience confirms the feasibility and efficacy of laparoscopic live donor nephrectomy. Intraoperative and postoperative complications and the conversion rate were low. Renal function was rapidly restored in the recipient. The morbidity of this technique is low, but there is a high risk of vascular complications at the beginning of the operator's experience.
A Chip-Stacked Memory for On-Chip SRAM-Rich SoCs and Processors (2010)

A dynamic-reconfigurable memory chip is fabricated, by which on-chip memories of an SoC chip can be moved to the memory chip to increase the efficiency of memory usage, and stacked on a logic chip by using three dimensional packaging technology. In the memory chip, many RAM-macros are arrayed and they are connected through two dimensional mesh network interconnects. By using memory-specified network interconnects, area overhead of network interconnects for the memory chip is reduced by 63% and the latency overhead by 43%. Signal lines between the two chips are directly connected by 10-¿m-pitch inter-chip electrodes, resulting in fast and low-energy inter-chip transmission.
Evaluation of Anisotropic Strain Relaxation in Strained Silicon-on-Insulator Nanostructure by Oil-Immersion Raman Spectroscopy (2012)

Precise stress measurements have been desired in order to apply strained Si substrates to next-generation transistors. Oil-immersion Raman spectroscopy enables the evaluation of the anisotropic stress state in the strained Si layer of the strained Si substrate even under (001)-oriented Si backscattering geometry. First, we found that the phonon deformation potentials (PDPs) reported by Anastassakis et al. in 1990 was the most valid among the three sets of PDP previous reported. Using these PDPs, the precise Raman measurements of biaxial stress in strained Si-on-insulator (SSOI) nanostructures were performed. The biaxial stresses σxx and σyy decreased with the decrease in SSOI width and length, which was consistent with the finite element method calculation.