gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Precipitation Kinetics of AA6082: An Experimental and Numerical Investigation (2018)

The development of simulation tools for bridging different scales are essential for understanding complex joining processes. For precipitation hardening, the Kampmann-Wagner numerical model (KWN) is an important method to account for non-isothermal second phase precipitation. This model allows to describe nucleation, growth and coarsening of precipitation hardened aluminum alloys based on a size distribution for every phase which produces precipitations. In particular, this work investigates the performance of a KWN model by [1-3] for Al-Mg-Si-alloys. The model is compared against experimental data from isothermal heat treatments taken partially from [2]. Additionally, the model is used for investigation of the precipitation kinetics for a laser beam welding process, illustrating the time-dependent development of the different parameters related to the precipitation kinetics and the resulting yield strength.
Opportunistic interference avoidance scheduling for underlay cognitive radio networks (2014)

An opportunistic scheduling scheme that avoids the interference that a primary multi-antenna Base Station (BS) generates in the secondary single-antenna links of an underlay cognitive radio network is proposed. In this scenario, the primary BS applies a pseudo-random sequence of transmit beamforming
Democratizing the Real-Time PCR (2017)

Featured Article: Wittwer CT, Herrmann MG, Moss AA, Rasmussen RP. Continuous fluorescence monitoring of rapid cycle DNA amplification. Biotechniques 1997;22:130–1, 134–8.3

After the development of the PCR in the second half of the1980s and demonstration of real-time analysis in 1992 (1), it was not clear how the technology would unfold. On the one hand, dissemination of PCR was limited by strong patents, high license fees, and royalties. On the other hand, PCR was so simple that anyone could modify it and build instruments. PCR became an experimenter's playground and many novel methods and creative tools appeared from universities, clinical laboratories, and small companies.

We developed rapid-cycle PCR in 1990 (2) and formed a small company as a University of Utah spin-off, “Idaho Technology.” The company was bootstrapped by a family business that made replacement parts for potato harvesters and manufactured a niche product that performed 30 PCR …
Overview of the DARPA Structural Integrity Prognosis System (SIPS) (2010)

,The DARPA/NGC Structural Integrity Prognosis System (SIPS) has been designed to provide prompt, informed predictions of the structural viability of individual assets. SIPS is founded on a collaboration between sensor systems, physics-based modeling, and advanced reasoning methods for data fusion that in combination, produce probabilistic assessments of current and future structural health. Constructed as a general framework, SIPS can accept any sensor that detects or quantifies structural state, and any model that relates usage to structural state along with their respective uncertainties. The reasoning methods combine all the information available along with their corresponding uncertainties to produce probability distributions of defect size at any specified point in time, or distributions of time to reach a specified defect size. This paper provides an overview of SIPS with an
Single‐center experience of living donor liver transplantation in patients with portal vein thrombosis (2016)

Eversion thrombectomy by modified technique is feasible in most cases of PVT. Good long-term outcome may be expected in LDLT with PVT.
P‐192L: Late‐News Poster : Moiré Reduction of Luminance Enhanced LCDs with a Wobbled Micro‐Lenticular Lens (2010)

Abstract We developed a novel lenticular lens, whose edge lines were modulated with a sinusoidal form, for a luminance enhanced LCD to reduce moiré fringe between lenses and prism sheets and demonstrated the moiré reduction to 1/5 with the wobbled lenticular lens formed by a printing method.
Mechano-active tissue scaffold system based on a magnetic nanoparticle embedded nanofibrous membrane (2014)

A mechano-active nanofibrous scaffold system for in vitro active cell culture is fabricated and demonstrated using electrospun nanofibers with magnetic nanoparticles embedded, and an electromagnet. The electrospun nanofiber consists of polycaprolactone and iron oxide nanoparticles. The magnetic nanofibrous membrane is held by micromachined printing circuit board (PCB) O-rings and remotely actuated by an electromagnet, which generates alternating current (AC) magnetic fields. The scaffold provides mechanical stress and strain on culturing cells in response to external AC magnetic fields. The mechanical properties of the magnetic nanoporous membrane including the density, porosity, and effective Young's modulus are characterized. Cell viabilities on the nanofibrous membrane with and without magnetic nanoparticles embedded have been tested.
Number of positive preoperative biopsy cores is a predictor of positive surgical margins ( PSM ) in small prostates after robot‐assisted radical prostatectomy ( RARP ) (2014)

A preoperative biopsy with ≥3 positive cores in men with small prostates predicts PSM after RARP. In small prostates with PSM, a PSA level of >20 ng/dL is a predictor of BCR. These factors should guide the choice of therapy and indicate the need for closer postoperative follow-up.
Impact of the Cd2+ treatment on the electrical properties of Cu2ZnSnSe4 and Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells (2015)

Abstract The present contribution aims at determining the impact of modifying the properties of the absorber/buffer layer interface on the electrical performance of Cu 2 ZnSnSe 4 (CZTSe) thin‐film solar cells, by using a Cd 2+ partial electrolyte (Cd PE) treatment of the absorber before the buffer layer deposition. In this work, CZTSe/CdS solar cells with and without Cd PE treatment were compared with their respective Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGSe)/CdS references. The Cd PE treatment was performed in a chemical bath for 7 min at 70 °C using a basic solution of cadmium acetate. X‐ray photoemission spectroscopy measurements have revealed the presence of Cd at the absorber surface after the treatment. The solar cells were characterized using current density–voltage (J–V), external quantum efficiency, and drive‐level capacitance profiling measurements. For the CZTSe‐based devices, the fill factor increased from 57.7% to 64.0% when using the Cd PE treatment, leading to the improvement of the efficiency (η) from 8.3% to 9.0% for the best solar cells. Similar observations were made on the CIGSe solar cell reference. This effect comes from a considerable reduction of the series resistance (R S ) of the dark and light J–V, as determined using the one‐diode model. The crossover effect between dark and light J–V curves is also significantly reduced by Cd PE treatment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Comparative study of field-dependent carrier dynamics and emission kinetics of InGaN/GaN light-emitting diodes grown on (112¯2) semipolar versus (0001) polar planes (2014)

The characteristics of electroluminescence (EL) and photoluminescence (PL) emission from GaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) grown on (112¯2) semipolar plane and (0001) polar plane have been comparatively investigated. Through different bias-dependent shifting trends observed from the PL and time-resolved PL spectra (TRPL) for the two types of LEDs, the carrier dynamics within the multiple quantum wells (MQWs) region is systematically analyzed and the distinct field-dependent emission kinetics are revealed. Moreover, the polarization induced internal electric field has been deduced for each of the LEDs. The relatively stable emission behavior observed in the semipolar LED is attributed to the smaller polarization induced internal electric field. The study provides meaningful insight for the design of quantum well (QW) structures with high radiative recombination rates.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Insight into the Aromatic Amino Acid Hydroxylases and Their Disease‐Related Mutant Forms (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
TRANSGENIC MODELS OF GROWTH HORMONE ACTION (1999)

A growth-promoting principle of the pituitary gland was discovered in 1921, and bovine growth hormone (GH) was isolated in 1944. Since then, the structure of GH as it relates to its biological activities has been an exciting research topic. Equally fascinating is the relationship between GH structure and its metabolic activities. In attempts to define some of these activities, several investigators have used GH transgenic mice as models. In this review we summarize what is known about the molecular mechanisms of GH action. We then describe some of the GH transgenic models and point out potential targets for nutrition research.
Niobium and Titanium Carbides (MXenes) as Superior Photothermal Supports for CO2 Photocatalysis (2021)

The conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into fuels and feedstock chemicals <i>via</i> photothermal catalysis holds promise for efficient solar energy utilization to tackle the global energy shortage and climate change. Despite recent advances, it is of emerging interest to explore promising materials with excellent photothermal properties to boost the performance of photothermal CO<sub>2</sub> catalysis. Here, we report the discovery of MXene materials as superior photothermal supports for metal nanoparticles. As a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate that Nb<sub>2</sub>C and Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>, two typical MXene materials, can enhance the photothermal effect and thus boost the photothermal catalytic activity of Ni nanoparticles. A record CO<sub>2</sub> conversion rate of 8.50 mol·g<sub>Ni</sub><sup>-1</sup>·h<sup>-1</sup> is achieved for Nb<sub>2</sub>C-nanosheet-supported Ni nanoparticles under intense illumination. Our study bridges the gap between photothermal MXene materials and photothermal CO<sub>2</sub> catalysis toward more efficient solar-to-chemical energy conversions and stimulates the interest in MXene-supported metal nanoparticles for other heterogeneous catalytic reactions, particularly driven by sunlight.
Enzymatic Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides (2017)

Abstract Plant cell walls are intricate structures with remarkable properties, widely used in almost every aspect of our life. Cell walls consist largely of complex polysaccharides and there is often a need for chemical and biochemical processing before industrial use. There is an increasing demand for sustainable processes that replace chemical treatments with white biotechnology. Plants can contribute significantly to this sustainable process by producing plant or microbial enzymes in planta that are necessary for plant cell wall modification or total degradation. This will give rise to superior food fibres, hydrocolloids, paper, textile, animal feeds or biofuels. Classical microbial‐based fermentation systems could in the future face serious competition from plant‐based expression systems for enzyme production. Plant expressed enzymes can either be targeted to specific cellular compartments for accumulation and storage, or targeted to the cell wall for immediate modification of the polysaccharides. Furthermore, thermoactivated enzymes can successfully be employed to avoid undue degradation of the cell wall and detrimental phenotypes resulting from this. A further use of enzyme expression in planta is the possibility of elucidating the biological role of specific polymers, such as the involvement of xyloglucan in tree bending, or to decrease the level of pectin in flax to simplify the retting step in the textile refinery process.
Role of tRNA Orthogonality in an Expanded Genetic Code (2014)

We found that Methanocaldococcus jannaschii DSM2661 tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (Mj E9RS), specifically evolved to charge its cognate tRNA with the unnatural amino acid p-acetylphenylalanine (pAcF) in E. coli, misaminoacylates the endogenous E. coli prolyl-tRNAs with pAcF at a low level (0.5% per proline frequency) in both the absence or presence of its co-evolved amber suppressor tRNA (M. jannaschii tyrosyl-tRNA, tRNACUAMjTyr). In contrast to other E. coli tRNAs, the identity elements for recognition of the proly tRNAs by the E. coli prolyl-tRNA synthetase (C1, G72, and A73) are similar to those in tRNACUAMjTyr. Although the unique acceptor stem identity elements of the prolyl-tRNAs likely lower their recognition by the other endogenous aaRSs in E. coli, resulting in enhanced fidelity in the wild type strain, they lead to misaminoacylation by the archae-derived E9RS. Misincorporation of pAcF for proline was resolved to below detectable levels by overexpression of the endogenous E. coli prolyl-tRNA synthetase (proS) gene in combination with additional genomic manipulations to further increase the intracellular ratio of the ProS over its cognate proline tRNAs. These experiments suggest another mechanism by which the cell maintains the high fidelity of protein biosynthesis.
New Polyacetal Polysulphate Active against Human Immunodeficiency Virus and other Enveloped Viruses (1992)

A new polyacetal polysulphate, termed PAPS, was synthesized starting from dextran through oxidation, reduction, and subsequent sulphation. PAPS inhibited HIV-1- and HIV-2-induced cytopathicity in MT-4 cells at concentrations comparable to those required for dextran sulphate (MW5000) to inhibit the cytopathicity of these viruses (50% inhibitory concentration: 0.4–0.04 μg ml −1 ). At these concentrations PAPS had no anticoagulant activity. PAPS suppressed syncytium formation between MOLT-4 cells and persistently HIV-1- or HIV-2-infected HUT-78 cells at a concentration of 1 μg ml −1 , that is 25- to 30-fold lower than that required for dextran sulphate to inhibit syncytium formation. Like dextran sulphate, PAPS inhibited HIV-1 binding to the cells and anti-gp120 mAb binding to HIV-1 gp120. Also, PAPS proved equally active as dextran sulphate against herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus and the arenaviruses Junin and Tacaribe, and 10-fold more active than dextran sulphate against vaccinia, Sindbis, influenza A, and vesicular stomatitis virus. Neither PAPS nor dextran sulphate proved inhibitory to the non-enveloped viruses polio, Coxsackie and reovirus. Pharmacokinetic studies in rabbits revealed that after intravenous bolus injection the serum concentrations of PAPS decayed biphasically, with an initial half-life of approximately 45–60 min. Twenty-four hours following their intraperitoneal administration to mice, PAPS as well as dextran sulphate generated low titres of an antiviral principle that was at least partially interferon-like.
Structure−Activity Relationships of Bisphosphate Nucleotide Derivatives as P2Y1 Receptor Antagonists and Partial Agonists (1999)

The P2Y1 receptor is present in the heart, in skeletal and various smooth muscles, and in platelets, where its activation is linked to aggregation. Adenosine 3',5'- and 2',5'-bisphosphates have been identified as selective antagonists at the P2Y1 receptor (Boyer et al. Mol. Pharmacol. 1996, 50, 1323-1329) and have been modified structurally to increase receptor affinity (Camaioni et al. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 183-190). We have extended the structure-activity relationships to a new series of deoxyadenosine bisphosphates with substitutions in the adenine base, ribose moiety, and phosphate groups. The activity of each analogue at P2Y1 receptors was determined by measuring its capacity to stimulate phospholipase C in turkey erythrocyte membranes (agonist effect) and to inhibit phospholipase C stimulation elicited by 10 nM 2-(methylthio)adenosine 5'-diphosphate (antagonist effect). 2'-Deoxyadenosine bisphosphate analogues containing halo, amino, and thioether groups at the 2-position of the adenine ring were more potent P2Y1 receptor antagonists than analogues containing various heteroatom substitutions at the 8-position. An N6-methyl-2-chloro analogue, 6, was a full antagonist and displayed an IC50 of 206 nM. Similarly, N6-methyl-2-alkylthio derivatives 10, 14, and 15 were nearly full antagonists of IC50 < 0.5 microM. On the ribose moiety, 2'-hydroxy, 4'-thio, carbocyclic, and six-membered anhydrohexitol ring modifications have been prepared and resulted in enhanced agonist properties. The 1,5-anhydrohexitol analogue 36 was a pure agonist with an EC50 of 3 microM, i.e., similar in potency to ATP. 5'-Phosphate groups have been modified in the form of triphosphate, methyl phosphate, and cyclic 3',5'-diphosphate derivatives. The carbocyclic analogue had enhanced agonist efficacy, and the 5'-O-phosphonylmethyl modification was tolerated, suggesting that deviations from the nucleotide structure may result in improved utility as pharmacological probes. The N6-methoxy modification eliminated receptor affinity. Pyrimidine nucleoside 3', 5'-bisphosphate derivatives were inactive as agonists or antagonists at P2Y receptor subtypes.
Magnetic resonance imaging of hyaline articular cartilage (2010)

Zusammenfassung Der vorliegende Ubersichtsartikel beschreibt zunachst die technischen Moglichkeiten der Gelenkknorpeldarstellung mittels MR-Tomographie und die damit zusammenhangenden anatomischen und biochemischen Besonderheiten. Er geht daruber hinaus auf die klinische Anwendung der MRT im konkreten Fall der knorpelreparativen Masnahmen ein und gibt einen Ausblick auf zukunftige Entwicklungen am Beispiel der Hochfeld-MRT.
Integrated end-to-end buffer management and congestion control for scalable video communications (2004)

In this paper we present a video communication system that integrates end-to-end buffer management and congestion control at the source with the playout adjustment mechanism at the receiver. While each component of the system has been considered independently in the literature, our focus in this work is their integration. The proposed system exploits the fact that when congestion control is implemented at the source, most of the loss occurs at the source and not within the network. Based on this observation, we design the buffer management to trade off random loss for controlled loss of visually less important data. Frame rate is adjusted at the receiver to maximize the visual quality of the displayed video based on the overall loss. We tested our system with both H.26L and a subband/wavelet video coder, and found that it significantly improves the received video quality in both cases.
Subepicardial Cardiomyopathy: A Disease Underlying J-Wave Syndromes and Idiopathic Ventricular Fibrillation (2023)

Brugada syndrome (BrS), early repolarization syndrome (ERS), and idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (iVF) have long been considered primary electrical disorders associated with malignant ventricular arrhythmia and sudden cardiac death. However, recent studies have revealed the presence of subtle microstructural abnormalities of the extracellular matrix in some cases of BrS, ERS, and iVF, particularly within right ventricular subepicardial myocardium. Substrate-based ablation within this region has been shown to ameliorate the electrocardiographic phenotype and to reduce arrhythmia frequency in BrS. Patients with ERS and iVF may also exhibit low-voltage and fractionated electrograms in the ventricular subepicardial myocardium, which can be treated with ablation. A significant proportion of patients with BrS and ERS, as well as some iVF survivors, harbor pathogenic variants in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, <i>SCN5A</i>, but the majority of genetic susceptibility of these disorders is likely to be polygenic. Here, we postulate that BrS, ERS, and iVF may form part of a spectrum of subtle subepicardial cardiomyopathy. We propose that impaired sodium current, along with genetic and environmental susceptibility, precipitates a reduction in epicardial conduction reserve, facilitating current-to-load mismatch at sites of structural discontinuity, giving rise to electrocardiographic changes and the arrhythmogenic substrate.
Stochastic clustered-dot screen design for improved smoothness (2010)

Printers employing electrophotographic technology typically use clustered-dot screening to avoid potential artifacts caused by unstable dot rendering. Periodic clustered-dot screens are quite smooth, but also suffer from periodic moir´e artifacts due to interference with other color channels. Stochastic, clustered-dot screens provide an alternative solution. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for stochastic, clustered-dot screen design based on Direct Binary Search (DBS). The method differs from the conventional DBS in its use of a modified cost metric which was derived in an earlier work from using different filters in the initialization and update phases of DBS. The objective of the chosen approach is to design screen for improved print smoothness by generating a homogeneous distribution of compact, uniformly-sized clusters. The results include halftone of a screened folded-ramp, compared against a screen designed with a previous method.
Printability study of pattern defects in the EUV mask as a function of hp nodes (2012)

Amplitude defects (or absorber defects), which are located in absorber patterns or multilayer surface, can be repaired during mask process while phase defects (or multilayer defects) cannot. Hence, inspection and handling of both defects should be separately progressed. Defect printability study of pattern defects is very essential since it provides criteria for mask inspection and repair. Printed defects on the wafer kill cells and reduce the device yield in wafer processing, and thus all the printable defects have to be inspected and repaired during the mask fabrication. In this study, pattern defect printability of the EUV mask as a function of hp nodes is verified by EUV exposure experiments. For 3x nm hp nodes, defect printability is evaluated by NXE3100. For 2x nm hp node, since resolution of a current EUV scanner is not enough, SEMATECH-Berkeley actinic inspection tool (AIT) as well as micro-field exposure tool (MET) in LBNL are utilized to verify it,. Furthermore those printability results are compared with EUV simulations. As a result, we define size of defects to be controlled in each device node.
Line Copying (2012)

We showed that an implicit laboratory-experiment task of copying lines can discern complex stages of spatial processing in healthy adults. Further evaluation of this task will greatly contribute to the understanding of mechanisms of human spatial cognition.