gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease: The Spectrum of Radiographic Manifestations (1977)

Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) is a serologically distinct entity defined by a ribonuclease-sensitive extractable nuclear antigen. This unusual overlap syndrome has clinical features of scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus, polymyositis, and rheumatoid arthritis. In order to define the radiographic changes in MCTD, radiographs of the hands of 17 patients were studied, utilizing a fine-detail technique. Diffuse and periarticular osteopenia were found in 8 and 10 patients, respectively; soft-tissue swelling in 11; erosive changes in 9; joint-space narrowing in 7; tuft resorption and soft-tissue atrophy in 6; and subluxations in 2. In individual cases radiographs may appear normal or exhibit features of scleroderma, systemic lupus erythematosus or rheumatoid arthritis, thereby mirroring the clinical diversity of this entity.
Surrogate isotope-containing materials for emergency response training and Methods of formation and dispersal (2023)

Surrogate materials are in the form of solid particles that include surrogate isotopes, namely, short-lived isotopes selected and formed to serve as surrogates for the radioactive materials of a nuclear fallout without including isotopes that are, or that decay to, biologically or environmentally deleterious and persistent isotopes. The surrogate material may be formed using high-purity reactant material and irradiation and separation techniques that enable tailoring of the isotopes and ratios thereof included in the surrogate material, and the surrogate material may be dispersed, e.g., in a training environment, in solid form.
Determination of soil moisture based on an improved sensor design using time domain transmission measurements (2011)

Delay time measurements, e.g. time domain reflec-tometry (TDR), are a well-established method for the measurement of permittivity in various materials, especially soils [1]. However, common measurement systems only provide an average value of the dielectric constant along the length of the TDR sensor. Furthermore the accuracy offered by common TDR measurements is limited due to multiple reflections caused by the material under test. This contribution deals with a new sensor design for the characterization of soil moisture using time domain transmission (TDT) measurements. The basis of the advanced TDT technique is a new waveguide concept, which offers the possibility to perform transmission measurements in soils. Thus multiple reflections along the waveguide do not influence the measurement accuracy. By using a so-called ”concentric reversion coupler” TDT measurements can be performed without a measuring port at the end of the sensor.
P040 <break /> PI3K/Akt independent activation of mTOR signalling regulates the fibroblast response to TGF-β1 (2016)

single cell gene expression, epigenetics, metabolism and convergent integrative analysis.The data are being made publicly available prior to publication at LungMAP.org.I shall demonstrate how to access the data together with some surprising notions about alveolar structure and function. P038Mast cells are increased in IPF lungs and interact with fibroblasts to drive fibrosis
Worldwide Phylogenetic Relationship of Avian Poxviruses (2013)

Poxvirus infections have been found in 230 species of wild and domestic birds worldwide in both terrestrial and marine environments. This ubiquity raises the question of how infection has been transmitted and globally dispersed. We present a comprehensive global phylogeny of 111 novel poxvirus isolates in addition to all available sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus has traditionally relied on one gene region (4b core protein). In this study we expanded the analyses to include a second locus (DNA polymerase gene), allowing for a more robust phylogenetic framework, finer genetic resolution within specific groups, and the detection of potential recombination. Our phylogenetic results reveal several major features of avipoxvirus evolution and ecology and propose an updated avipoxvirus taxonomy, including three novel subclades. The characterization of poxviruses from 57 species of birds in this study extends the current knowledge of their host range and provides the first evidence of the phylogenetic effect of genetic recombination of avipoxviruses. The repeated occurrence of avian family or order-specific grouping within certain clades (e.g., starling poxvirus, falcon poxvirus, raptor poxvirus, etc.) indicates a marked role of host adaptation, while the sharing of poxvirus species within prey-predator systems emphasizes the capacity for cross-species infection and limited host adaptation. Our study provides a broad and comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Avipoxvirus genus, an ecologically and environmentally important viral group, to formulate a genome sequencing strategy that will clarify avipoxvirus taxonomy.
Study of the influence of actin-binding proteins using linear analyses of cell deformability (2015)

The actin cytoskeleton plays a key role in the deformability of the cell and in mechanosensing. Here we analyze the contributions of three major actin cross-linking proteins, myosin II, α-actinin and filamin, to cell deformability, by using micropipette aspiration of Dictyostelium cells. We examine the applicability of three simple mechanical models: for small deformation, linear viscoelasticity and drop of liquid with a tense cortex; and for large deformation, a Newtonian viscous fluid. For these models, we have derived linearized equations and we provide a novel, straightforward methodology to analyze the experiments. This methodology allowed us to differentiate the effects of the cross-linking proteins in the different regimes of deformation. Our results confirm some previous observations and suggest important relations between the molecular characteristics of the actin-binding proteins and the cell behavior: the effect of myosin is explained in terms of the relation between the lifetime of the bond to actin and the resistive force; the presence of α-actinin obstructs the deformation of the cytoskeleton, presumably mainly due to the higher molecular stiffness and to the lower dissociation rate constants; and filamin contributes critically to the global connectivity of the network, possibly by rapidly turning over cross-links during the remodeling of the cytoskeletal network, thanks to the higher rate constants, flexibility and larger size. The results suggest a sophisticated relationship between the expression levels of actin-binding proteins, deformability and mechanosensing.
A Large-Scale Exploration of Effective Global Features for a Joint Entity Detection and Tracking Model (2009)

Entity detection and tracking (EDT) is the task of identifying textual mentions of real-world entities in documents, extending the named entity detection and coreference resolution task by considering mentions other than names (pronouns, definite descriptions, etc.). Like NE tagging and coreference resolution, most solutions to the EDT task separate out the mention detection aspect from the coreference aspect. By doing so, these solutions are limited to using only local features for learning. In contrast, by modeling both aspects of the EDT task simultaneously, we are able to learn using highly complex, non-local features. We develop a new joint EDT model and explore the utility of many features, demonstrating their effectiveness on this task.
A 1,3,5-triazine based polymer as a nonlinear near-infrared antenna for two-photon activated volumetric optical memory devices (2015)

Multilayer data storage is demonstrated in films of photochromic (PC) molecules doped with a nonlinear Near-IR-antenna polymer based on triazine.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Modifications of the Potassium Channel Activator Cromakalim: The C‐3 Position. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tumor Necrosis Factor and Cancer (2007)

Tumor necrosis factor a (TNF) is a potent, pleiotropic, proinflammatory cytokine that is produced by macrophages, neutrophils, fibroblasts, keratinocytes, NK, T-and B-cells and also by tumor cells. TNF binds to either of two receptors, TNF-R1 or TNF-R2, expressed on virtually all mammalian cell types. TNF was named because of its ability, when administered in pharmacologic doses, to cause necrosis of tumors in experimental models. Recombinant TNF is approved in Europe to be given locoregionally as a therapy for sarcoma. TNF produced by the body mediates host responses in acute and chronic inflammatory conditions and aids in host protection from infection and malignancy. The biology of the TNF/TNF-receptor system was reviewed by Palladino et al. 2003 (1).
AVI-7288 for Marburg Virus in Nonhuman Primates and Humans (2015)

This study shows that, on the basis of efficacy in nonhuman primates and pharmacokinetic data in humans, AVI-7288 has potential as postexposure prophylaxis for MARV infection in humans. (Funded by the Department of Defense; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01566877.).
Seedless Continuous Injection Synthesis of Indium Phosphide Quantum Dots as a Route to Large Size and Low Size Dispersity (2020)

Because of their lower toxicity, indium phosphide (InP) quantum dots (QDs) are replacing cadmium selenide QDs in applications that require narrowband luminescence across the visible spectrum. However, InP QDs generally suffer from lower size tunability and broader ensemble emission linewidths because of imperfect synthetic control of nucleation and growth. Despite evidence that InP QDs do not follow the mechanisms that hot-injection and heat-up syntheses were designed to facilitate, these methods are still used, at least as the first step, in most syntheses of InP QDs. In this article, we describe a new method to synthesize large InP QDs with low size dispersity that does not require a hot-injection or heat-up step. Instead, nucleation, growth, and size focusing all take place continuously during a slow syringe-pump-mediated continuous injection of precursors into the reaction mixture. In refining our method, we monitored the photoluminescence (PL) and absorption spectra to find indirect evidence for the role of persistent intermediates in the formation of a secondary population of smaller QDs. We then developed a growth model that is consistent with our observations, and we used it to improve our method with a variable-rate injection that controls the concentration of intermediates to extend growth and prevent secondary nucleation. The result was InP QDs with an absorption peak at 631 nm with a half width at half-maximum of 81 meV. Growth of a thin zinc selenide shell on these InP QDs revealed a PL peak centered at 655 nm with a full width at half-maximum of 53 nm. These values are indicative of large QDs with low size dispersity. This work demonstrates a new method to synthesize large InP QDs that may be attractive to large-scale industrial processes because of its simplicity and potential scalability.
Noninvasive optical inhibition with a red-shifted microbial rhodopsin (2014)

Optogenetic inhibition of the electrical activity of neurons enables the causal assessment of their contributions to brain functions. Red light penetrates deeper into tissue than other visible wavelengths. We present a red-shifted cruxhalorhodopsin, Jaws, derived from Haloarcula (Halobacterium) salinarum (strain Shark) and engineered to result in red light–induced photocurrents three times those of earlier silencers. Jaws exhibits robust inhibition of sensory-evoked neural activity in the cortex and results in strong light responses when used in retinas of retinitis pigmentosa model mice. We also demonstrate that Jaws can noninvasively mediate transcranial optical inhibition of neurons deep in the brains of awake mice. The noninvasive optogenetic inhibition opened up by Jaws enables a variety of important neuroscience experiments and offers a powerful general-use chloride pump for basic and applied neuroscience.
Practical spectral characterization of trichromatic cameras (2011)

Simple and effective geometric and radiometric calibration of camera devices has enabled the use of consumer digital cameras for HDR photography, for image based measurement and similar applications requiring a deeper understanding about the camera characteristics. However, to date no such practical methods for estimating the spectral response of cameras are available. Existing approaches require costly hardware and controlled acquisition conditions limiting their applicability. Consequently, even though being highly desirable for color correction and color processing purposes as well as for designing image-based measurement or photographic setups, the spectral response of a camera is rarely considered. Our objective is to close this gap. In this work a practical approach for multi-spectral characterization of trichromatic cameras is presented. Taking photographs of a color chart and measuring the average lighting using a spectrophotometer the effective spectral response of a camera can be estimated for a wide range of out-of-lab environments. By comprehensive cross validation experiments we prove that the new method performs well compared to costly reference measurements. Moreover, we show that our technique can also be used to generate ICC profiles with higher accuracy and less constrained capturing conditions compared to state-of-the-art ICC profilers.
Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy and characterization of SnO2 (101) on r-plane sapphire (2008)

Plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy has been shown to be a viable and practical method for producing high quality tin oxide, SnO2. Phase-pure epitaxial single crystalline SnO2 (101) thin films of 1μm in thickness were reproducibly grown on r-plane sapphire Al2O3 (101¯2) substrates. The SnO2 epitaxy progressed in the Volmer–Weber growth mode. A minimum on-axis ω-scan full width at half maximum of 0.22° for the SnO2 (101) peak was measured indicating relatively low film mosaic. An epitaxial relationship of [010]SnO2∥[1¯21¯0]sapphire and [1¯01]SnO2∥[1¯011]sapphire was determined between the film and substrate. A SnO2 film tilt of 1.3° around the [010]SnO2 toward [0001]sapphire was measured. A dislocation density of 8×109cm−2 was measured. Hall effect measurements quantified an unintentionally doped electron concentration for different samples in a range (0.3–3.0)×1017cm−3 with a corresponding electron mobility range of 20–100cm2∕Vs. The SnO2 growth behavior was determined to be in one of the two distinct growth regimes. An oxygen-rich regime was characterized by a linear increase in the film growth rate with increasing Sn flux; whereas, the films grown entirely in the Sn-rich regime showed a decrease in the growth rate with increased Sn flux.
CuAl2 thin films as a low-resistivity interconnect material for advanced semiconductor devices (2019)

New interconnect materials that have a low line resistivity are required to address issues associated with the increased resistivity due to the aggressive downscaling of future semiconductor devices. In this work, CuAl2 thin films are investigated as a potential material for liner- and barrier-free interconnect applications. The results show that CuAl2 blanket films adhere well to and do not undergo interdiffusion with SiO2, as well as having a favorable size effect of resistivity. Furthermore, the filling of CuAl2 in narrow low-k trenches is investigated, and an excellent gap-filling performance is registered. These features suggest that CuAl2 is a promising alternative to Cu that does not require any additional liner or barrier layers for feature sizes less than 10 nm.
Defective Associations between Blood Vessels and Brain Parenchyma Lead to Cerebral Hemorrhage in Mice Lacking αv Integrins (2002)

Mouse embryos genetically null for the alphav integrin subunit develop intracerebral hemorrhages at midgestation and die shortly after birth. A key question is whether the hemorrhage arises from primary defects in vascular endothelial cells or pericytes or from other causes. We have previously reported normal initiation of cerebral vessels comprising branched tubes of endothelial cells. Here we show that the onset of hemorrhage is not due to defects in pericyte recruitment. Additionally, most alphav-null vessels display ultrastructurally normal endothelium-pericyte associations and normal interendothelial cell junctions. Thus, endothelial cells and pericytes appear to establish their normal relationships in cerebral microvessels. However, by both light and electron microscopy, we detected defective associations between cerebral microvessels and the surrounding brain parenchyma, composed of neuroepithelial cells, glia, and neuronal precursors. These data suggest a novel role for alphav integrins in the association between cerebral microvessels and central nervous system parenchymal cells.
PoolView: Towards a people centric sensing world (2010)

The availability of a wide variety of networked sensing devices in the form of everyday devices such as smartphones, music players, smart residential power meters, sensor embedded gaming systems, and in- vehicle sensing devices will result in the evolution of an embedded Internet. In this scenario, the main role of the Internet and its applications will shift gradually from offering a mere communication medium between end-points to offering information distillation services bridging the gap between the varied data feeds from the sensing devices and human decision needs. In this thesis, we take a step towards the development of an architecture and a data analysis toolset for realizing the above vision of the future Internet. In particular, we focus on a category of sensing, called people centric sensing, where the sensing devices are owned by individuals. We present various novel generic data analysis tools that are necessary to enable people centric sensing applications. We take a systems approach and exemplify these tools by developing and implement- ing prototypes of several people centric sensing applications. We also provide extensive data collection and evaluation for each of the exemplified applications, which show the utility of our architecture.
Inhibition of Adipocyte Differentiation through G1 Arrest by Extract of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes (2011)

산두근(Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep)은 예로부터 동양지역에서 전통적인 약용식물로 사용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 성숙지방세포로의 분화와 세포 내 지방생성에 대한 산두근 메탄올 추출물(STME)의 효과와 메커니즘에 대해 조사하였다. STME를 0-200 <TEX>${\mu}g$</TEX>/ml의 농도로 처리한 다음, Oil Red O 염색으로 세포 내축적되는 지방구와 지질의 양을 측정한 결과 농도의존적으로 크게 감소됨을 확인하였으며 3T3-L1 지방전구세포의 분화와 관련된 단백질의 발현의 변화를 조사하였다. 지방세포의 특이적 marker인 peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <TEX>${\gamma}$</TEX> (PPAR<TEX>${\gamma}$</TEX>), cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding proteins <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>, <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX> (C/EBP<TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>, C/EBP<TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>) 그리고 sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)의 발현이 STME를 처리하였을 때 현저하게 저해됨을 확인하였다. 세포주기의 변화를 분석한 결과 STME는 지방세포 분화초기 단계인 mitotic clonal expansion 단계에서 G1기로 세포주기를 정지시켰다. 더불어 G1 arrest와 관련된 단백질의 변화를 조사 한 결과, 3T3-L1 세포에 STME를 처리하였을 때 p21의 발현량이 확연하게 증가하였으며, Cdk2, E2F-1 그리고 phosphor-Rb의 발현량은 농도의존적으로 감소하였다. 이러한 결과들에 의하여 STME은 메탄올 추출물임에도 불구하고 3T3-L1 지방전구세포가 성숙지방세포로 분화할 때 G1 arrest를 통하여 지방세포 분화를 억제하며 관련 유전자의 발현 억제도 확연하게 확인할 수 있었으며, 이러한 결과는 항 비만 천연물 소재 탐구의 기초자료로 유용하게 쓰일 것으로 사료된다. Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep has been used as a traditional herbal medicine in oriental regions since ancient times. In this study, the effect and mechanism of the MeOH extract of Sophora tonkinensis Gapnep (STME) on adipocite differentiation and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocites were investigated. Treatment with STME in the concentration range of 0-200 <TEX>${\mu}g$</TEX>/ml significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocites in a dose-dependent manner, as determined by a decrease in intracellular lipid droplets and lipid contents measured by Oil Red O staining. In association with the inhibitory effect of lipid accumulation, the expressions of the proteins concerned with adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocites were also investigated. Treatment with STME reduced the expressions of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor <TEX>${\gamma}$</TEX> (PPAR<TEX>${\gamma}$</TEX>), cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymine (CCAAT)/enhancer-binding proteins <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX> and <TEX>${\beta}$</TEX> (C/EBP<TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX> and C/EBP<TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>) and sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP), which are adipocyte specific markers. In flow cytometry analysis, the inhibitory effect of differentiation was caused by G1 arrest and following mitotic clonal expansion cease. Therefore, we also investigated the alteration of G1 phase arrest-related proteins. As a result, the expression of p21 protein was significantly increased, while the expressions of Cdk2, E2F-1 and phospho-Rb were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in STME treated 3T3-L1 cells. According to these results, STME might inhibit differentiation through G1 arrest in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes adipogenesis, and further studies, which are in progress, have to be completed to identify the active compounds.
Underwater human-robot interaction via biological motion identification (2009)

We present an algorithm for underwater robots to visually detect and track human motion. Our objective is to enable human-robot interaction by allowing a robot to follow behind a human moving in (up to) six degrees of freedom. In particular, we have developed a system to allow a robot to detect, track and follow a scuba diver by using frequencydomain detection of biological motion patterns. The motion of biological entities is characterized by combinations of periodic motions which are inherently distinctive. This is especially true of human swimmers. By using the frequency-space response of spatial signals over a number of video frames, we attempt to identify signatures pertaining to biological motion. This technique is applied to track scuba divers in underwater domains, typically with the robot swimming behind the diver. The algorithm is able to detect a range of motions, which includes motion directly away from or towards the camera. The motion of the diver relative to the vehicle is then tracked using an Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF), an approach for non-linear estimation. The efficiency of our approach makes it attractive for real-time applications onboard our underwater vehicle, and in future applications we intend to track scuba divers in real-time with the robot. The paper presents an algorithmic overview of our approach, together with experimental evaluation based on underwater video footage. Fig. 1. An underwater robot servoing off a colored target carried by a diver.