gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of FEL radiation properties by tailoring the seed pulses (2018)

Seeded free-electron lasers (FELs) produce intense, ultrashort and fully coherent X-ray pulses. These seeded FEL pulses depend on the initial seed properties. Therefore, controlling the seed laser allows tailoring the FEL radiation for phase-sensitive experiments. In this contribution, we present detailed simulation studies to characterize the FEL process and to predict the operation performance of seeded pulses. In addition, we show experimental data on the temporal characterization of the seeded FEL pulses performed at the sFLASH experiment in Hamburg.
Non invasive intracranial pressure evaluation by means of transcranial Doppler outside the ICU (2005)

De Peri, E.1; Cortinovis, M.1; Benigni, A.1; Lavinio, A.1; Liberini, P.2; Rasulo, F.1; Candiani, A.1; Latronico, N.1Author Information
ChemInform Abstract: THERMAL REARRANGEMENTS OF SPIRO(4.4)NONAPOLYENES. UNUSUALLY RAPID 1,5‐VINYL MIGRATION (1977)

Abstract Die Gasphasenthermolyse (0,05‐2 Torr) der Titelverbindungen (I), (III), (VII) und (IX) führt zu den Produkten (II) bzw. (IV), (V) und (VI) bzw. (VIII) bzw. (X).
The Backward Euler Method for Numerical Solution of the Hodgkin–Huxley Equations of Nerve Conduction (1990)

A widely accepted model of nerve conduction is based on nonlinear parabolic partial differential equations (PDEs) derived for the giant axon of the squid Loligo by Hodgkin and Huxley. When considered as part of a particular initial-boundary value problem (IBVP), these equations model the electrical activity of an axon under conditions found both in nature and in the laboratory. The backward Euler method for this nonlinear system is presented, and a functional iteration algorithm for the solution of the nonlinear difference equations encountered at each timestep is proposed. Convergence of this iterative algorithm in the $L^\infty $ norm is established, along with the dependence of this convergence on discretization parameters. This provides existence and uniqueness of the solution to the nonlinear difference equations. It is then proven that the numerical method provides a solution that converges to the solution of the differential equations with formal order of accuracy $O(\Delta t) + O((\Delta x)^2 )$ in the $L^\infty $ norm. Finally, a priori $L^\infty $ bounds on the backward Euler solution are derived. These bounds provide necessary control essential to the previous results.
Simulation of microbubble displacement and normalized singular spectrum area measurements of microbubble signals in a vessel phantom (2021)

Targeted ultrasound contrast agents, known as microbubbles (MBs), are used to enhance the utility of diagnostic ultrasound molecular imaging. Previous studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have demonstrated that normalized singular spectrum area (NSSA) can be used to differentiate adherent MB signals from free MB signals as well as from background tissue. We developed a simulation approach to test the hypothesis that the intermediate NSSA values observed in adherent MBs were due to small displacements occurring during exposure to blood flow. We also compared the NSSA mapping result from the simulation with the experimental result. A strong linear correlation between the NSSA values in simulation and experiment suggest that our simulation is reproducing the physical interactions occurring in experimental data and giving rise to the observable NSSA.
Optimized Synthesis of Functionalized Fluorescent Oligodeoxynucleotides for Protein Labeling (2005)

Phthalimido-alkanol solid supports were rapidly prepared from solid supported phthalic anhydride and amino alcohol condensation induced by microwaves. These supports were used to synthesize 5'-fluorescent 3'-aminoalkyl oligodeoxynucleotides allowing a two-step deprotection necessary to avoid aminolink alkylation. After conversion into an NHS derivative using dissuccinimidyl suberate and an optimized isolation, they were conjugated with a protein.
timization of ransmission and Emission Scan PET (1997)

Whole-body PET imaging is being increasingly used to identify and localize malignant disease remote from the site of the primary tumour. Patients are typically scanned at multiple contiguous bed positions over an axial length of 75-100 cm. Ideally, for oncology patients, the total scan duration should not exceed about an hour and therefore only 5- 10 minutes of imaging can be performed at each bed position. To minimize the total scan duration, the transmission scan is often omitted and the emission scan reconstructed without attenuation correction. However, whole-body scans reconstructed without attenuation are non-quantitative and can lead to incorrect diagnoses, particularly for tumours located deep within the body. We have performed a series of torso phantom measurements on a 3D PET scanner (ECAT ART) to investigate the optimal partition of scan time between the emission and transmission scans for a fixed total scan duration. We find that 20%-40% of the total scan time should be dedicated to the transmission acquisition to minimize noise in the attenuation-corrected image. The optimal partition depends on the method of calculating the attenuation correction factors and on the reconstruction algorithm.
Hepatocyte Growth Factor Prevents the Development of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy in Rats (2001)

Long-term renal isografts in humans and laboratory animals exhibit features similar to those of chronic allograft nephropathy (CAN), indicating that antigen-independent factors, such as acute renal ischemia, are likely to be involved in the development of CAN. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) has been demonstrated to play a renotropic role in renal regeneration and protection from acute ischemic injury. This study was thus conducted to investigate the effect of HGF on the development of CAN, using an established rat model. HGF was administered daily (100 microg/d, intravenously) for 4 wk after engraftment. Control animals received saline solution. Allografts from control animals exhibited early evidence of severe structural collapse and necrotic cell death in the proximal tubules and outer medulla, with mononuclear cell infiltration, within 1 wk after engraftment. This was followed by sequential upregulation of adhesion molecules and cytokines, accompanied by dense macrophage infiltration. Fibrogenic events, as indicated by marked increases in transforming growth factor-beta1 expression and the accumulation of smooth muscle alpha-actin, occurred during the same period. Control animals ultimately developed features typical of CAN, with functional deterioration and severe histologic changes; a survival rate of 50.6% by 32 wk was observed. In contrast, remarkably little early injury and no late fibrogenic events were observed for the HGF-treated group. All treated animals survived, with well preserved graft function, during the 32-wk follow-up period. These results indicate that renal protection and recovery from early allograft injury with HGF treatment greatly contribute to a reduction of susceptibility to the subsequent development of CAN in a rat model. The potential application of HGF in the prevention of CAN warrants further attention.
Progress on Development of the Nimbus–University of Pittsburgh Axial Flow Left Ventricular Assist System (1998)

Nimbus Inc. (Rancho Cordova, CA) and the University of Pittsburgh have completed the second year of development of a totally implanted axial flow blood pump under the National Institutes of Health Innovative Ventricular Assist System Program. The focus this year has been on completing pump hydraulic development and addressing the development of the other key system components. Having demonstrated satisfactory pump hydraulic and biocompatibility performance, pump development has focused on design features that improve pump manufacturability. A controller featuring full redundancy has been designed and is in the breadboard test phase. Initial printed circuit layout of this circuit has shown it to be appropriately sized at 5 x 6 cm to be compatible with implantation. A completely implantable system requires the use of a transcutaneous energy transformer system (TETS) and a diagnostic telemetry system. The TETS power circuitry has been redesigned incorporating an improved, more reliable operating topography. A telemetry circuit is undergoing characterization testing. Closed loop speed control algorithms are being tested in vitro and in vivo with good success. Eleven in vivo tests were conducted with durations from 1 to 195 days. Endurance pumps have passed the 6 month interval with minimal bearing wear. All aspects of the program continue to function under formal quality assurance.
Effect of Metallic and Hyperbolic Metamaterial Surface on Electric and Magnetic Dipole Emission (2011)

Spontaneous emission patterns of electric and magnetic dipoles on different material surfaces were studied numerically and experimentally. The results show the modified behavior of electric and magnetic dipoles on metallic and HMM surfaces.
Targeting backdoor androgen synthesis through AKR1C3 inhibition: A presurgical hormonal ablative neoadjuvant trial in high‐risk localized prostate cancer (2021)

In men with high-risk PC, pCR rates remained low even with combinatorial AR-directed therapy, although rates of MRD were higher. Ongoing follow-up is needed to validate clinical outcomes of men who achieve MRD.
Static Condition Differences in Conventional and Inclined Air-Curtain Range Hood Flow and Spillage Characteristics (2010)

Flow and spillage characteristics of conventional and air-curtain range hoods under static condition were experimentally studied, and their differences in physical mechanisms were compared. Two oil pans containing hot oils heated to 230°C by electric heaters were placed on a countertop to simulate the cooking condition. Large amount of oil fumes were generated and rose from the oil pans. Flow features were examined using laser-light-sheet-assisted oil fume flow visualization method. Local-averaged spillages of tracer gas (sulfur hexafluoride) in the front and lateral planes of the range hoods were detected by employing the tracer-gas concentration detection technique. For the conventional range hood, the flow visualization showed two most probable locations for spillages: the region near the front edge of countertop due to the boundary-layer separation and the region around the lower edge of the hood side panels due to the expansion effect of hot plumes. Detected local-averaged tracer-gas concentrations around these two locations correlated well with the results of flow visualizations. No significant spillages of oil fumes or tracer-gas concentration was observed or detected around the front and lateral planes of the air-curtain range hood. Around the front edge of countertop, the detected tracer-gas concentration of the conventional range hood was larger than that of the air-curtain range hood by about three orders of magnitude. Overall, the air-curtain range hood presented drastically smaller spillages than the conventional range hood.
Preparation of Li4/3Ti5/3O4 Thin Film Electrodes by a PVP Sol—Gel Coating Method and Their Electrochemical Properties. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Non‐polar‐oriented InGaN light‐emitting diodes for liquid‐crystal‐display backlighting (2008)

Abstract— This article addresses spontaneously polarized light emission from GaN‐based light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated on electrically non‐polar crystallographic orientations and application of spontaneously polarized emission for backlighting of liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs). The first half of the article describes polarized light emission from GaN‐based LEDs and its role in solid‐state lighting technology. The second half reports on our experimental work to explore the potential of non‐polar LEDs for LCD backlighting applications. Optical transmission of non‐polar LED emission was characterized through a liquid‐crystal layer. Extinction ratios of 0.21 were measured between zero and an applied bias voltage to the liquid‐crystal cells. These extinction ratios are not particularly high yet; nevertheless, the experiment has demonstrated the potential of such non‐polar LEDs for LCD backlighting.
Synthesis and characterization of phenolic hydroxyl terminated phenylquinoxaline oligomers (1989)

Abstract The synthesis of phenylquinoxaline oligomers of predictable molecular weight and with phenolic hydroxyl functional end groups is reported. The synthetic procedure utilizes 4‐hydroxybenzil as a substituted monofunctional monomer in a conventional PPQ synthesis to both control molecular weight and introduce the functional end groups. The molecular weights of the oligomers were determined by derivatization of the hydroxyl end groups with 3‐(trimethylsilyl)propionyl chloride, followed by 1 H‐NMR analysis. Comparison of the integration of the trimethylsilyl resonance to the aromatic resonances allowed calculation of the number average molecular weight. A plot of log(η) vs. log( M n ) correlated well with that reported for high molecular weight PPQ. The end groups influenced the solubility behavior of the oligomers in chlorinated solvents, possibly due to hydrogen bonding. The oligomers were chain‐extendable to high molecular weight, confirming their suitability for utilization in copolymerizations to prepare phenylquinoxaline‐based block copolymers.
Mature Dendritic Cells Infiltrate the T Cell-Rich Region of Oral Mucosa in Chronic Periodontitis: In Situ, In Vivo, and In Vitro Studies (2001)

Previous studies have analyzed the lymphoid and myeloid foci within the gingival mucosa in health and chronic periodontitis (CP); however, the principal APCs responsible for the formation and organizational structure of these foci in CP have not been defined. We show that in human CP tissues, CD1a(+) immature Langerhans cells predominantly infiltrate the gingival epithelium, whereas CD83(+) mature dendritic cells (DCs) specifically infiltrate the CD4(+) lymphoid-rich lamina propria. In vivo evidence shows that exacerbation of CP results in increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines that mediate DC activation/maturation, but also of counterregulatory cytokines that may prevent a Th-polarized response. Consistently, in vitro-generated monocyte-derived DCs pulsed with Porphyromonas gingivalis strain 381 or its LPS undergo maturation, up-regulate accessory molecules, and release proinflammatory (IL-1beta, PGE(2)) and Th (IL-10, IL-12) cytokines. Interestingly, the IL-10:IL-12 ratio elicited from P. gingivalis-pulsed DCs was 3-fold higher than that from Escherichia coli-pulsed DCs. This may account for the significantly (p < 0.05) lower proliferation of autologous CD4(+) T cells and reduced release of IFN-gamma elicited by P. gingivalis-pulsed DCs. Taken together, these findings suggest a previously unreported mechanism for the pathophysiology of CP, involving the activation and in situ maturation of DCs by the oral pathogen P. gingivalis, leading to release of counterregulatory cytokines and the formation of T cell-DC foci.
Prolactin: a new therapeutic target in peripartum cardiomyopathy (2010)

Peripartum/postpartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a potentially life-threatening disease of uncertain aetiology in previously healthy women. Clinical and experimental data suggested inflammation, autoimmune processes, apoptosis and endothelial dysfunction as typical pathophysiological features of PPCM. Recent data discovered that unbalanced peri/postpartum oxidative stress linked to proteolytic cleavage of the nursing hormone prolactin into a potent anti-angiogenic, pro-apoptotic and pro-inflammatory 16-kDa subform as a potential pathomechanism for the development of PPCM. Consistent with these idea, blockade of prolactin by bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 receptor agonist, prevented the onset of disease in an experimental model of PPCM and appeared successful in small pilot trials with respect to prevention or treatment of PPCM in patients. Here we highlight the current state of knowledge on diagnosis of PPCM, provide novel insights into the pathophysiology behind the disease and outline potential consequences for the clinical management and treatment options for patients at risk for or with PPCM.
Nanotechnologies for Future Mobile Devices (2010)

Explore the potential for nanotechnologies to transform future mobile and Internet communications. Based on a research collaboration between Nokia, Helsinki University of Technology, and the University of Cambridge, here leading researchers review the current state-of-the art and future prospects for: • Novel multifunctional materials, dirt repellent, self-healing surface materials, and lightweight structural materials capable of adapting their shape • Portable energy storage using supercapacitor-battery hybrids based on new materials including carbon nanohorns and porous electrodes, fuel cell technologies, energy harvesting and more efficient solar cells • Electronics and computing advances reaching beyond IC scaling limits, new computing approaches and architectures, embedded intelligence and future memory technologies. • Nanoscale transducers for mechanical, optical and chemical sensing, sensor signal processing, and nanoscale actuation • Nanoelectronics to create ultrafast and adaptive electronics for future radio technologies • Flat panel displays with greater robustness, improved resolution, brightness and contrast, and mechanical flexibility • Manufacturing and innovation processes, plus commercialization of nanotechnologies.
Caenorhabditis elegans Databases (2002)

Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) allows exhaustive analysis of animal biology, in detail once thought possible only for microbial organisms. This detail includes the entire cellular lineage from egg to adult, the complete adult cell complement, a full wiring diagram of the nervous system, and several hundred gene mutants that produce classical phenotypes. With the rise of genomic sequencing and functional genomics, analysis of C. elegans has grown to include reverse genetics, microarray assays of gene expression, and protein-protein interactions. Such studies should soon touch upon all ∼19,400 predicted C. elegans proteins and their detailed expression patterns. This should illuminate, but also complicate, our understanding of C. elegans cells and genetic pathways. Moreover, the newer forms of analysis are explicitly directed at acquiring data that are highly valuable with computational analysis but unintelligible without it. We describe the existing data sets and databases for C. elegans, and discuss ways in which large C. elegans data sets may be integrated.
Effect of carbamazepine on the pharmacokinetics of paliperidone extended‐release tablets at steady‐state (2014)

Given the potential concomitant use of carbamazepine and paliperidone extended-release (ER) in the treatment of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder, this open-label, two-treatment sequential study investigated the effect of repeated administration of carbamazepine on the steady-state pharmacokinetics of paliperidone. Sixty-four patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar-I disorder received the following treatments in a fixed sequential order, without washout between treatments: (i) paliperidone ER 6 mg tablet once daily for 7 days, and (ii) paliperidone ER 6 mg once daily concomitantly with carbamazepine 200 mg twice daily for the subsequent 21 days. Upon coadministration with carbamazepine, paliperidone steady-state total exposure (AUC24 h ) and peak plasma concentrations (Cmax ) decreased by approximately 37% [LSM ratio-AUC24 h : 63.4 (90% CI: 57.19; 70.29); Cmax : 62.47 (90% CI: 55.77; 69.98)]. This decrease is accounted for to a substantial degree by a 35% increase in renal clearance of paliperidone, likely as a result of induction of renal P-glycoprotein by carbamazepine. A 14% decrease in the amount of drug excreted unchanged in the urine suggests that carbamazepine coadministration has a limited effect on the intestinal absorption or cytochrome metabolism of paliperidone.
Low‐beta repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during object recognition memory sample presentation, at a task‐related frequency observed in local field potentials in homologous macaque cortex, impairs subsequent recollection but not familiarity (2021)

According to dual-process signal-detection (DPSD) theories, short- and long-term recognition memory draws upon both familiarity and recollection. It remains unclear how primate prefrontal cortex (PFC) contributes to these processes, but frequency-specific neuronal activities are considered to play a key role. In Experiment 1, nonhuman primate (NHP) local field potential (LFP) electrophysiological recordings in macaque left dorsolateral PFC (dlPFC) revealed performance-related differences in a low-beta frequency range during the sample presentation phase of a visual object recognition memory task. Experiment 2 employed a similar task in humans and targeted left dlPFC (and vertex as a control) with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) at 12.5 Hz during occasional sample presentations. This low-beta frequency rTMS to dlPFC decreased DPSD derived indices of recollection, but not familiarity, in subsequent memory tests of the targeted samples after short delays. The same number of rTMS pulses over the same total duration albeit at a random frequency had no effect on either recollection or familiarity. Neither stimulation protocols had any causal effect upon behaviour when targeted to the control site (vertex). In this study, our hypotheses for our human TMS study were derived from our observations in NHPs; this approach might inspire further translational research through investigation of homologous brain regions and tasks across species using similar neuroscientific methodologies to advance the neural mechanism of recognition memory in primates.
Fun with radicals: Some new perspectives for organic synthesis (2010)

The degenerative radical addition-transfer of xanthates onto alkenes allows the rapid assembly of richly functionalized structures. Various families of open-chain, cyclic, and polycyclic compounds can thus be readily accessed. Furthermore, the process can be extended to the synthesis or modification of aromatic and heteroaromatic derivatives by exploiting the possibility of using peroxides both as initiators and stoichiometric oxidants. The modification of existing polymers and the controlled synthesis of block polymers by what is now known as the RAFT/MADIX (reversible addition–fragmentation transfer/macromolecular design by interchange of xanthate) process is described briefly.
Characterization of antibody to the ferripyochelin-binding protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1986)

An outer membrane protein of Pseudomonas aeruginosa was previously shown to bind 59Fe-labeled pyochelin. Antibodies to the purified ferripyochelin-binding protein (FBP) were characterized by using a variety of assays. Anti-FBP cross-reacted with several P. aeruginosa isolates in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Anti-FBP significantly enhanced phagocytosis of P. aeruginosa by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. In a serum bactericidal assay we observed no difference in viability between cells incubated with antiserum to FBP and cells incubated with preimmune serum. Anti-FBP immunoglobulin G inhibited both binding and uptake of 59Fe-labeled pyochelin by whole cells. Passive protection by anti-FBP was examined in experimental P. aeruginosa burn infections in mice. The protection provided by this antibody was strain dependent but lipopolysaccharide serotype independent.