gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Context Clues: The Importance of Stem Cell–Material Interactions (2013)

Understanding the processes by which stem cells give rise to de novo tissues is an active focus of stem cell biology and bioengineering disciplines. Instructive morphogenic cues surrounding the stem cell during morphogenesis create what is referred to as the stem cell microenvironment. An emerging paradigm in stem cell bioengineering involves "biologically driven assembly," in which stem cells are encouraged to largely define their own morphogenesis processes. However, even in the case of biologically driven assembly, stem cells do not act alone. The properties of the surrounding microenvironment can be critical regulators of cell fate. Stem cell-material interactions are among the most well-characterized microenvironmental effectors of stem cell fate and establish a signaling "context" that can define the mode of influence for morphogenic cues. Here we describe illustrative examples of cell-material interactions that occur during in vitro stem cell studies, with an emphasis on how cell-material interactions create instructive contexts for stem cell differentiation and morphogenesis.
Fast And Accurate: Improving A Simple Beat Tracker With A Selectively-Applied Deep Beat Identification. (2017)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
A Calculation Procedure for Three-Dimensional Turbulent Flow in a Centrifugal Impeller With any Blade Geometry (1991)

A method for calculating 3–D turbulent flow in a centifugal impeller is developed by solving the incompressible, steady, time averaged N–S equation in general curvilinear coordinates. The K–ε two–equation turbulence model is utilized to describe Reynolds stresses. A calculation scheme is proposed which divides a centrifugal compressor impeller into three calculation zones, i.e. the inlet zone, the channel zone, and the exit–vaneless diffuser zone. A simple and time–saving method for generating 3–D body–fitted coordinate system of a centrifugal impeller is established by means of combining an algebraic transformation with the solution of 2–D elliptic partial differential equations. This method is applied to calculate the turbulent flow in an industrial centrifugal compressor impeller. The tendency of the “jet–wake” formation and growth in the impeller can be clearly seen, and the secondary flow pattern calculated is similar to Eckardt’s measurements. The calculation results at the impeller exit are also in good agreement with the experimental results performed by the authors.
H.264/AVC video for wireless transmission (2005)

H.264/AVC will be an essential component in emerging wireless video applications thanks to its excellent compression efficiency and network-friendly design. However, a video coding standard itself is only one component within the application and transmission environment. Its effectiveness strongly depends on the selection of appropriate modes and parameters at the encoder, at the decoder, as well as in the network. In this paper we introduce the features of the H.264/AVC coding standard that make it suitable for wireless video applications, including features for error resilience, bit rate adaptation, integration into packet networks, interoperability, and buffering considerations. Modern wireless networks provide many different means to adapt quality of service, such as forward error correction methods on different layers and end-to-end or link layer retransmission protocols. The applicability of all these encoding and network features depends on application constraints, such as the maximum tolerable delay, the possibility of online encoding, and the availability of feedback and cross-layer information. We discuss the use of different coding and transport related features for different applications, namely video telephony, video conferencing, video streaming, download-and-play, and video broadcasting. Guidelines for the selection of appropriate video coding tools, video encoder and decoder settings, as well as transport and network parameters are provided and justified. References to relevant research publications and standardization contributions are given.
Consensus Maximization for Semantic Region Correspondences (2018)

We propose a novel method for the geometric registration of semantically labeled regions. We approximate semantic regions by ellipsoids, and leverage their convexity to formulate the correspondence search effectively as a constrained optimization problem that maximizes the number of matched regions, and which we solve globally optimal in a Branch-and-Bound fashion. To this end, we derive suitable linear matrix inequality constraints which describe ellipsoid-to-ellipsoid assignment conditions. Our approach is robust to large percentages of outliers and thus applicable to difficult correspondence search problems. In multiple experiments we demonstrate the flexibility and robustness of our approach on a number of challenging vision problems.
Impacts of Huanglongbing Symptom Severity on Fruit Detachment Force and Mechanical Properties of Sweet Oranges (Citrus sinensis) (2016)

This study evaluated the effects of huanglongbing (HLB) symptom severity on fruit detachment force (FDF) and fruit mechanical properties in sweet oranges ( Citrus sinensis ) as indicators of potential HLB-influenced preharvest fruit drop and postharvest damage and breakdown. FDF for fruit from HLB-asymptomatic trees (AS) was substantially greater than for fruits from HLB-symptomatic trees or branches. Fruit hardness, resilience, springiness, and cohesiveness values, measured by texture profile analysis (TPA), represent various aspects of fruit firmness and recovery capacity once compressed, and were lower in HLB-symptomatic fruits in comparison with AS fruits. On the other hand, puncture force, toughness, and deformation values, measured by a puncture test and representing peel toughness, were higher in HLB-symptomatic fruits than in the AS fruits. The results indicate that fruits from severely HLB-symptomatic sweet orange trees are more likely to have problems with preharvest fruit drop, and postharvest pressure damage and breakdown, but may have less puncture damage in harvesting, transportation, packing, and juice processing.
Optical polarization and intervalley scattering in single layers of MoS2 and MoSe2 (2016)

Single layers of MoS2 and MoSe2 were optically pumped with circularly polarized light and an appreciable polarization was initialized as the pump energy was varied. The circular polarization of the emitted photoluminescence was monitored as a function of the difference between the excitation energy and the A-exciton emission at the K-point of the Brillouin zone. Our results show a threshold of twice the LA phonon energy, specific to the material, above which phonon-assisted intervalley scattering causes depolarization. In both materials this leads to almost complete depolarization within ~100 meV above the threshold energy. We identify the extra kinetic energy of the exciton (independent of whether it is neutral or charged) as the key parameter for presenting a unifying picture of the depolarization process.
Multiprocessing and portability for PDAs (2000)

The role of small devices in the emerging all-connected computer infrastructure is growing. So are the requirements that the application execution environments face. Portability, mobility, resource scarcity, and security concerns aggravated by often unknown sources of executed code combine together to create a challenging design and implementation task. It has been extensively argued and demonstrated that safe languages can solve some of these problems. In this paper, we focus on the multiprocessing aspect. We argue, in the context of the Java™ programming language, that multiprocessing execution environments based on safe languages for small devices can be built. However, in order to achieve lightweight and robust designs one has to consider a departure from replicating time-proven, traditional OS structure in the Java Virtual Machine (JVM™).
Parallel connection of grid-connected LCL inverters for MW-scaled photovoltaic Systems (2010)

This paper deals with the parallel connection of photovoltaic inverters in a large scale photovoltaic generation system. 250kW grid-connected LCL inverters are evaluated in order to achieve parallel operation of two, three, and four units, reaching a total capacity of 1MW when four units are operating. The concept is to treat these four parallel connected units as one equipment, being able to operate jointly or separately as required. Several operation conditions such as operation at different DC voltage and at different input power are tested. Results show the feasibility of the parallel connection keeping the same characteristics as a single unit, achieving a satisfactory performance for two, three and four parallel connected units.
Data from HOP/OB1/NECC1 Promoter DNA Is Frequently Hypermethylated and Involved in Tumorigenic Ability in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Promoter DNA hypermethylation with gene silencing is a common feature of human cancer, and cancer-prone methylation is believed to be a landmark of tumor suppressor genes (TSG). Identification of novel methylated genes would not only aid in the development of tumor markers but also elucidate the biological behavior of human cancers. We identified several epigenetically silenced candidate TSGs by pharmacologic unmasking of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) cell lines by demethylating agents (5-aza-2′-deoxycitidine and trichostatin A) combined with ESCC expression profiles using expression microarray. HOP/OB1/NECC1 was identified as an epigenetically silenced candidate TSG and further examined for (&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;) expression status, (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;) methylation status, and (&lt;i&gt;c&lt;/i&gt;) functional involvement in cancer cell lines. (&lt;i&gt;a&lt;/i&gt;) The HOP gene encodes two putative promoters (promoters A and B) associated with two open reading frames (HOPα and HOPβ, respectively), and HOPα and HOPβ were both down-regulated in ESCC independently. (&lt;i&gt;b&lt;/i&gt;) Promoter B harbors dense CpG islands, in which we found dense methylation in a cancer-prone manner (55% in tumor tissues by TaqMan methylation-specific PCR), whereas promoter A does not harbor CpG islands. HOPβ silencing was associated with DNA methylation of promoter B in nine ESCC cell lines tested, and reactivated by optimal conditions of demethylating agents, whereas HOPα silencing was not reactivated by such treatments. Forced expression of HOP suppressed tumorigenesis in soft agar in four different squamous cell carcinoma cell lines. More convincingly, RNA interference knockdown of HOP in TE2 cells showed drastic restoration of the oncogenic phenotype. In conclusion, HOP is a putative TSG that harbors tumor inhibitory activity, and we for the first time showed that the final shutdown process of HOP expression is linked to promoter DNA hypermethylation under the double control of the discrete promoter regions in cancer. (Mol Cancer Res 2008;6(1):31–41)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Effects of a Novel Potent Aldose Reductase Inhibitor, GP-1447, on Aldose Reductase Activity In Vitro and on Diabetic Neuropathy and Cataract Formation in Rats. (1997)

GP-1447 {3-[(4,5,7-trifluorobenzothiazol-2-yl) methyl]-5-methylphenylacetic acid}, a novel aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor, exhibited highly potent and specific inhibition of AR activity from human placenta, human muscle, porcine and rat lens with IC50 values ranging from 3 to 10 nM. Lineweaver-Burk plots revealed non-competitive inhibition between DL-glyceraldehyde or beta-NADPH and inhibition of AR by GP-1447. In contrast to epalrestat, AR activity inhibited by GP-1447 did not recover after dialysis for 24 hr. Administration of GP-1447 to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats for 5 days beginning 1 week after STZ injection effectively inhibited the accumulation of sorbitol in the sciatic nerve, lens and retina with ED50 values of 0.25, 1.6 and 2.9 mg/kg/day, respectively. The motor nerve conduction velocity (MCV) in STZ-induced diabetic rats was significantly decreased 4 weeks after the induction of diabetes. Treatment with GP-1447 for the following 2 weeks dose-dependently restored the decreased MCV with an ED50 value of 0.28 mg/kg/day. Administration of GP-1447 (3 and 15 mg/kg/day for 12 weeks beginning 3 days after STZ injection) completely prevented cataract formation and was accompanied by marked inhibition of sorbitol accumulation in the lens. Furthermore, partial reversibility of cataract formation and morphological changes of the lens was observed in diabetic rats treated with 15 mg/kg/day of GP-1447 for 5 weeks beginning 8 weeks after the induction of diabetes. From these results, GP-1447 would be expected to exert potent ameliorating effects on some diabetic complications. Potent inhibition of cataract formation will be one of the characteristics of this compound.
Studies directed towards the total synthesis of (+)-sieboldine A (2008)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2008.
Laser ultrasound surgical therapy (LUST) (2002)

The aim of this project is the development of a new endoscopic applicator that would enable surgeons to use laser and ultrasound techniques simultaneously. The concept of the applicator is based on the transmission of laser radiation and ultrasound power via flexible silica glass fibers. Flexible acoustic waveguides are not yet available commercially. Experimental studies have shown the possibility of transmission of acoustical transients via optical silica glass fibers. Theoretical and experimental results on the feasibility of such a fiber for an ultrasonic power delivery system are presented. The system transmits via an 1.5 m long optical fiber (outside diameter: 1 mm) up to 100 watts Nd:YAG laser radiation. The axial oscillation of the fiber tip (elongation) is /spl plusmn/70 pm at a frequency of 22 kHz.
Quantitative resolution of nanoparticle sizes using single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry with the K-means clustering algorithm (2014)

Sensitive and accurate characterization of nanoparticle size in aqueous matrices at environmentally relevant concentrations is still challenging for current nano-analysis techniques. Single particle inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (spICP-MS) is an emerging method to characterize the size distribution of nanoparticles and determine their concentrations. Herein for the first time the K-means clustering algorithm is applied to signal processing of spICP-MS raw data. Compared with currently used data processing approaches, the K-means algorithm improved discrimination of particle signals from background signals and provides a sophisticated, statistically based method to quantitatively resolve different size groups contained within a nanoparticle suspension. In tests with commercial Au nanoparticles (AuNPs), spICP-MS with the K-means clustering algorithm can quantitatively discriminate secondary “impurity-size nanoparticles,” present at fractions of less than 2% by mass, from primary-size nanoparticles with the minimum resolvable size difference between the primary and secondary nanoparticles at ∼20 nm. AuNP mixtures in which 80 nm particles act as the “primary size group” and 20 nm, 50 nm, or 100 nm particles act as the “impurity size group” were analyzed by spICP-MS, which reliably measured percentages of secondary impurity-size nanoparticles that are consistent with the expected experimentally determined values. Compared with dynamic light scattering (DLS), spICP-MS has remarkably better particle size resolution capability. We also demonstrated the size measurement advantage of spICP-MS over DLS for commercial CeO2 nanoparticles that are commonly used in the semiconductor industry, where quality control of the nanoparticle size distribution is critical for the wafer polishing process.
Levodopa Toxicity and Apoptosis (1998)

Many in vitro studies have shown that levodopa is a potent toxin which is lethal to various cultured neuronal and non-neuronal cells. The in vitro toxicity of levodopa is linked mainly to its auto-oxidation, which generates a variety of harmful free radical species including superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals, and also semiquinones and quinones produced via the dopa-melanin metabolic route. Such toxic effects of levodopa can be blocked by co-treatment with antioxidants, particularly thiol-containing compounds. Several studies have shown that levodopa kills cells by triggering apoptosis, an active, intrinsic cell suicide program. Exposure of cultured neurons to levodopa induced the characteristic apoptotic cascade, including cell shrinkage, membrane blebbing, and nuclear and DNA fragmentation. Although levodopa is extremely toxic in vitro, there is no evidence that it damages nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons in vivo in experimental animals and in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Likewise, although there is some evidence for the occurrence of apoptosis in the parkinsonian substantia nigra, it is not known whether levodopa administration is capable of inducing or accelerating programmed cell death of residual pigmented nigral neurons in PD.
Direct observation of laser guided corona discharges (2015)

Laser based lightning control holds a promising way to solve the problem of the long standing disaster of lightning strikes. But it is a challenging project due to insufficient understanding of the interaction between laser plasma channel and high voltage electric filed. In this work, a direct observation of laser guided corona discharge is reported. Laser filament guided streamer and leader types of corona discharges were observed. An enhanced ionization took place in the leader (filament) through the interaction with the high voltage discharging field. The fluorescence lifetime of laser filament guided corona discharge was measured to be several microseconds, which is 3 orders of magnitude longer than the fluorescence lifetime of laser filaments. This work could be advantageous towards a better understanding of laser assisted leader development in the atmosphere.
Sedation and analgesia recommendations for non-anesthesiologist physicians and dentists in patients over 12 years old (2012)

Most of the complications related to sedation are preventable. This document defines some recommendations for non-anesthesiologists so that they can provide sedation level I and II with adequate safety. The most important recommendations are: that the sedation be provided by someone different from the person who performs the surgical procedure; designation of the training and monitoring of thje person who sedates; the use of only one medication for sedation, and the availability of medications and equipment to manage complications; the mandatory need of an assessment prior to the sedation, as well as informed consent and record of events during the procedure; and the recommendation of having a low threshold to request the support of an anesthesiologist. Las complicaciones relacionadas con la sedación son, en su enorme mayoría, prevenibles. El presente documento establece unas recomendaciones para que los no anestesiólogos puedan realizar sedaciones nivel I y II con un buen nivel de seguridad. Sus aspectos más importantes son: administración de la sedación por una persona diferente del operador; recomendaciones en cuanto a la capacitación, la monitorización, el uso de un solo medicamento para la sedación y la disponibilidad de medicamentos y equipos de respaldo; la necesidad de realizar una evaluación previa a la sedación, así como el consentimiento informado y el registro durante el procedimiento; y recomendaciones para considerar un bajo umbral con el fin de solicitar el apoyo de un anestesiólogo.
A 252-Mb/s Recording Experiment Using Flexible Optical Disks for Broadcast Use (2009)

Flexible optical disks (FOD) have a feasibility of their high data-transfer rate and large capacity for archival storage. We have been developing the FOD in order to replace as the media with a current professional video cassette recorder (VCR) of HD-D5 format which have a data-transfer rate of more than 250 Mb/s. Here, we developed the FOD with the high recording sensitivity for high-speed recording, and succeeded to record the 252 Mb/s data with the high-speed tracking control method and optimized write strategy. We also employed the partial response maximum likelihood (PRML) read channel for playback data. We could get and achieve the low byte-error rate (BER) below 2 times 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> at the recording speed of 252 Mb/s, enough to record the video signals of HD-D5 VTR for professional broadcast use.
Data from Tumor Infiltrating Immune Cells and Outcome of Merkel Cell Carcinoma: A Population-Based Study (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare skin cancer that often harbors Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) DNA. The clinical importance of intratumoral immune cells and their associations with MCPyV infection are poorly understood.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We identified T lymphocytes (CD3-positive cells), T-cell subsets (CD4, CD8, and FoxP3-positive cells), natural killer cells (small CD16-positive cells), and macrophages (CD68 and CD163-positive cells) in tumors of 116 individuals diagnosed with MCC in Finland from 1979 to 2004 using immunohistochemistry and detected MCPyV DNA with quantitative PCR. The associations between immune cell counts, MCPyV DNA, patient and tumor characteristics, and patient outcome were examined.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; MCPyV DNA-positive cancers contained higher numbers of CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, CD16&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, FoxP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, and CD68&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells as compared with MCPyV DNA-negative carcinomas (all &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values &lt; 0.05). High intratumoral numbers of CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;, or FoxP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; cells, and high CD8&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; or FoxP3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;/CD4&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; ratios, were significantly associated with favorable overall survival. Individuals with a high tumor CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; count had metastases less often and survived longer, irrespective of the tumor MCPyV status. Tumor CD3&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt; count and MCPyV DNA status had independent influence on survival in a Cox multivariable model that also included presence of locoregional metastases at diagnosis and gender as covariates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; High intratumoral T-lymphocyte counts are associated with favorable survival in MCC. Although the numbers of T cells are generally higher in MCPyV-positive than in MCPyV-negative MCC, high intratumoral T-cell counts are also associated with favorable survival in MCPyV-negative MCC. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 18(10); 2872–81. ©2012 AACR.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;