gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Insights into the mechanical properties of several triply periodic minimal surface lattice structures made by polymer additive manufacturing (2017)

Three-dimensional lattices have applications across a range of fields including structural lightweighting, impact absorption and biomedicine. In this work, lattices based on triply periodic minimal surfaces were produced by polymer additive manufacturing and examined with a combination of experimental and computational methods. This investigation elucidates their deformation mechanisms and provides numerical parameters crucial in establishing relationships between their geometries and mechanical performance. Three types of lattice were examined, with one, known as the primitive lattice, being found to have a relative elastic modulus over twice as large as those of the other two. The deformation process of the primitive lattice was also considerably different from those of the other two, exhibiting strut stretching and buckling, while the gyroid and diamond lattices deformed in a bending dominated manner. Finite element predictions of the stress distributions in the lattices under compressive loading agreed with experimental observations. These results can be used to create better informed lattice designs for a range of mechanical and biomedical applications.
A modified metamaterial inspired antenna solution for reduction of the Specific Absorption Rate in the head (2011)

In this paper, we present a design of a metamaterial inspired inverted F antenna (MIIFA) mounted on a ground plane with form factor corresponding to a typical candy bar type of mobile phone. The presented design is compared with a conventional inverted F antenna (IFA) in terms of an averaged Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) values in the head. The SAR has been evaluated as it is described in the standard but also the influence of the hand on the SAR has been demonstrated. The proposed MIIFA has decreased SAR values in the head by close to 40% compared to the conventional design.
Complex hemolymph circulation patterns in grasshopper wings (2023)

An insect's living systems-circulation, respiration, and a branching nervous system-extend from the body into the wing. Wing hemolymph circulation is critical for hydrating tissues and supplying nutrients to living systems such as sensory organs across the wing. Despite the critical role of hemolymph circulation in maintaining healthy wing function, wings are often considered "lifeless" cuticle, and flows remain largely unquantified. High-speed fluorescent microscopy and particle tracking of hemolymph in the wings and body of the grasshopper Schistocerca americana revealed dynamic flow in every vein of the fore- and hindwings. The global system forms a circuit, but local flow behavior is complex, exhibiting three distinct types: pulsatile, aperiodic, and "leaky" flow. Thoracic wing hearts pull hemolymph from the wing at slower frequencies than the dorsal vessel; however, the velocity of returning hemolymph (in the hindwing) is faster than in that of the dorsal vessel. To characterize the wing's internal flow mechanics, we mapped dimensionless flow parameters across the wings, revealing viscous flow regimes. Wings sustain ecologically important insect behaviors such as pollination and migration. Analysis of the wing circulatory system provides a template for future studies investigating the critical hemodynamics necessary to sustaining wing health and insect flight.
Measurements of Electron Energy Probability Functions in inductively coupled plasma with laser Thomson scattering (2012)

Electron energy probability functions (EEPFs) having a fine resolution of electron energy were measured in low-pressure inductively coupled plasma with laser Thomson scattering method (LTS) at various plasma conditions (rf powers and gas pressures) and compared with the EEPFs measured by a single Langmuir probe (SLP) at the same experimental conditions. The result of LTS showed that the measured electron density normally increases with the rf power and the gas pressure, and the electron temperature decreased with the rf power and the gas pressure. This result have a good agreement not only with the previous reports qualitatively but also with our SLP measurement result quantitatively [15]. The reasons for the discrepancy between two methods in absolute value might be expected to these facts as following: the probe perturbation effect from the probe holder volume, RF noise, and not sufficient signal level of laser Thomson scattering.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Assembly of N‐Glycoproteins: A Refined Toolbox to Address a Ubiquitous Posttranslational Modification (2013)

Abstract Review: 82 refs.
Advancing Biological Control of the Wheat Stem Sawfly: New Strategies in a 100-yr Struggle to Manage a Costly Pest in the Northern Great Plains (2018)

For more than 100 yrs, the wheat stem sawfly (WSS) Cephus cinctus Norton (Hymenoptera: Cephidae), has been a destructive pest of cereal crops in the Northern Great Plains. WSS infestation levels >70% have been reported, and economic loss from crop damage caused by this insect can be as high as $80 million (USD) per year in the state of Montana alone. Contact insecticides are not effective against WSS because the larvae and pupae are protected inside the plant stem, and the development of solid-stem cultivars have not resulted in sufficient declines in WSS populations. Biological control offers the best hope for achieving economical and sustainable management of WSS. However, development and advancement of WSS biological control strategies has been limited in recent years. Presently, there are three main types of biologicals available for managing WSS: two native hymenopteran parasitoids, entomopathogenic nematodes, and entomopathogenic fungi. Here, we present the most current research regarding the use of these biologicals against WSS, and we discuss new strategies and research opportunities for improving their effectiveness for managing this persistent pest. It is unlikely that a single agent will produce the desired results, but by increasing pressure from all three sources, their combined impact may more reliably cause significant reductions in WSS infestations. Eradication of WSS, a native species, is not a realistic goal, but it is probable that WSS populations will decline more readily as biological control methods continue to advance.
One-Pot Synthesis of Antiviral Acyclovir and Other Nucleosides Derivatives Using Doped Natural Phosphate as Lewis Acid Catalyst (2008)

Natural phosphate doped with iodine or potassium iodide is an active catalyst for the one-pot synthesis of acyclonucleosides. To demonstrate the utility of the new catalyst system, the highly important antiviral drug acyclovir was directly and regioselectively obtained from NAcG with no byproducts.
Unipolar Parity of Ferroelectric-Antiferroelectric Characterized by Junction Current in Crystalline Phase Hf1−xZrxO2 Diodes (2021)

Ferroelectric (FE) Hf<sub>1-x</sub>Zr<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is a potential candidate for emerging memory in artificial intelligence (AI) and neuromorphic computation due to its non-volatility for data storage with natural bi-stable characteristics. This study experimentally characterizes and demonstrates the FE and antiferroelectric (AFE) material properties, which are modulated from doped Zr incorporated in the HfO<sub>2</sub>-system, with a diode-junction current for memory operations. Unipolar operations on one of the two hysteretic polarization branch loops of the mixed FE and AFE material give a low program voltage of 3 V with an ON/OFF ratio >100. This also benefits the switching endurance, which reaches >10<sup>9</sup> cycles. A model based on the polarization switching and tunneling mechanisms is revealed in the (A)FE diode to explain the bipolar and unipolar sweeps. In addition, the proposed FE-AFE diode with Hf<sub>1-x</sub>Zr<sub>x</sub>O<sub>2</sub> has a superior cycling endurance and lower stimulation voltage compared to perovskite FE-diodes due to its scaling capability for resistive FE memory devices.
Evaluation of Factor V Leiden, Prothrombin and Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase Gene Mutations in Patients with Severe Pregnancy Complications in Northern Finland (2006)

Women with thrombophilia have a risk for severe pregnancy complications. Randomized controlled trials are needed to assess the influence of low-molecular-weight heparin in pregnant women with thrombophilia.
Annotation Process Management Revisited (2010)

Proper annotation process management is crucial to the construction of corpora, which are indispensable to the data-driven techniques that have come to the forefront in NLP during the last two decades. This paper first raises a list of 10 needs that any general purpose annotation system should address, such as user &amp;amp; role management, delegation &amp;amp; monitoring of work, diffing annotators ’ work, versioning of corpora, multilingual support, and so on. A framework to address these needs is then proposed. The explanation of the framework is followed by an introduction of SLATE (Segment and Link-based Annotation Tool Enhanced), the second iteration of a web-based annotation tool, which is being rewritten to implement the proposed framework. 1.
Technique to Improve the Performance of Time-Interleaved A-D Converters with Mismatches of Non-linearity (2008)

Interleaving is one method of configuring a highspeed waveform digitizer. Degradation of the dynamic range, however, results from co-channel mismatched characteristics among the individual ADCs. Especially, mismatches of the non-linear characteristics have not been analyzed so far. This paper constructs a mathematical model, and proposes a method for correcting mismatches of both linear and non-linear characteristics using a digital signal processing technique. This method does not require any additional hardware.
Speed-accuracy tradeoffs in cognitive tasks in action game players (2010)

Three speeded-choice reaction time tasks were used to assess different cognitive functions in action gamers: (i) Proactive Interference, which measures the ability to suppress familiar but irrelevant information in memory, (ii) The Posner Ab task, which measures the speed with which information is retrieved from long term memory and (iii) an N-back task, which measures working memory efficiency. Action video game players (VGPs) displayed faster reaction times (RTs) than individuals who do not play fast paced video games (NVGPs). Such a difference in baseline RTs is known to complicate evaluation of cognitive effects across populations. Indeed, cognitive effects are typically defined in terms of differences between conditions, and it is unlikely that a 100ms difference between two conditions has a similar meaning given a baseline RT of 800ms versus a baseline RTs of 400ms (see Madden, Pierce, and Allen, 1996 for an extensive discussion of this problem). In addition, faster RTs in VGPs were accompanied, at times, by a small but significant decrease in accuracy preventing any straight-forward interpretation of the cognitive effects. We present two different ways of analyzing the data that have been proposed in the field to address this issue. When applying such corrections, VGPs and NVGPs displayed comparable cognitive effects. The outcome of such between-groups study is weakened however by the use of paradigms in which accuracy is fixed and typically near ceiling. We present a new cognitive decision making task that allows to sample the full chronometric and psychometric curve. VGPs presented a very clear speed-accuracy tradeoff, but overall were found to perform more correct decisions per units of time.
Crystallization of Silver Stearate from Sodium Stearate Dispersions (2004)

Silver carboxylates, the common silver source used for photothermographic imaging materials, are normally obtained from the reaction between sodium soap (e.g., sodium stearate) and silver nitrate. They form platelet-like crystals with a lamellar structure in water at room temperature. Light microscopy investigations reveal that the formation of silver stearate (AgSt) crystals follows a diffusion-controlled mechanism. The reaction between the sodium soap and silver nitrate preferentially occurs in solution rather than on the soap fiber solid interface. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy, together with an on-the-grid reaction technique, provides a useful tool to directly image silver stearate microstructures at the initial stages of AgSt precipitation. The AgSt reaction product first forms particles about 5 nm in size, which is similar to the d-spacing of final AgSt crystals. Those particles aggregate to produce larger and loosely packed embryonic crystals, the precursors to the ultimate silver stearate crystals.
Effect of Soil Treatments for Cottony Cushion Scale (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) Control on Nylanderia fulva (Hymenoptera: Formidicae) Survival and Trailing Activity (2019)

Nylanderia fulva (Mayr) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), or tawny crazy ant, is an invasive ant from South America that is spreading in the southern US. Extremely large populations of this ant can inundate urban and natural landscapes, and efficient control methods are lacking. This study was conducted to determine if activity of N. fulva would decline after controlling the hemipteran honeydew-producers they were tending. Potted plants infested with cottony cushion scale (Icerya purchasi Maskell) (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) were treated with 2 imidacloprid insecticide formulations, and changes in N. fulva survival and foraging behavior were monitored. There were fewer ant trails, lower trailing intensity, less foraging, and less nesting in potted plants treated with either product than in the control pots. The use of low application rates of systemic insecticide to reduce honeydewproducing hemipterans, such as cottony cushion scale, could be an important component of the integrated pest management of N. fulva.
Hydrodynamics of a three-dimensional self-propelled flexible plate (2019)

The hydrodynamics of a three-dimensional self-propelled flexible plate in a quiescent flow were simulated using the immersed boundary method. The clamped leading edge of the flexible plate was forced into a prescribed harmonic oscillation in the vertical direction but was free to move in the horizontal direction. Several types of trapezoidal plates were simulated by changing the shape ratio (S = Wt/Wl), where Wt is the trailing edge width and Wl is the leading edge width. The aspect ratio was fixed at AS = (Wl + Wt)/2L = 0.4, where L is the length of the plate. To explore the hydrodynamics of a rectangular plate (S = 1.0), the average cruising speed (ŪC), the input power (P¯), and the swimming efficiency (η) were determined as a function of the flapping frequency (f). The kinematics of the plate, the maximum angle of attack (ϕmax), and the mean effective length (L¯eff) were examined to characterize the hydrodynamics, including the peak-to-peak amplitude (At/A) and the Strouhal number (St=fAt/Ūc). Next, the effect of S on the hydrodynamics was explored for 0.1 ≤ S ≤ 3.0. The swimming efficiency was found to be the highest at S = 0.5. The maximum thrust (Ft,max) of S = 0.5 decreased by 15% compared to that of S = 1.0, and the maximum lateral force (Fl,max) decreased by more than 50%. The velocity field behind the plate and the vortical structures around the plate were visualized. The influence of the tip vortex on the swimming efficiency was examined.
Industrial chemistry in the organic laboratory: C4 alkylations (1990)

A set of experiments to illustrate reactions of the tertiary-butyl group; the products are all compounds that occur in consumer products and have received considerable attention in the popular press (BHT, BHA, TBHQ, and MTBE).
Enhancement of oxygen surface exchange kinetics of SrTiO3 by alkaline earth metal oxides (2005)

The oxygen incorporation reaction in undoped SrTiO(3) was investigated by electrical measurements (pressure modulation technique) in the temperature range from 650-920 degrees C and by means of tracer exchange experiments in the temperature range from 458-600 degrees C. The surface of the undoped SrTiO(3) single crystals was modified by alkaline earth metal compounds leading to a tremendous enhancement of the effective surface exchange rate for oxygen incorporation as compared to the uncoated surface.
Baupain, A Plant Cysteine Proteinase That Hinders Thrombin-Induced Human Platelet Aggregation (2012)

Bauninia forficata is trivially known as cow paw, and popularly used in Brazil for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Denominated baupain a cysteine proteinase was purified from B. forficata leaves. In this study, we investigated the baupain effect on aggregation of isolated human platelets in vitro and the results show that baupain hinders thrombin - but not ADP- and collagen- induced platelet aggregation. With synthetic quenched-fluorescent peptides, the kinetics of the cleavage site of human proteinase-activated receptor 1 / 2 / 3 and 4 [PAR-1 / 2 / 3 and 4] by baupain was determined. In conclusion, similar to bromelain and papain, baupain hinders human platelets aggregation, probably through an unspecific cleavage in the Phe-Leu bond of PAR1.
Improved real-time exercise stress cardiac cine imaging using self consistent parallel imaging with temporal sensitivity estimation (TSPIRIT) (2012)

To improve the image quality and increase the signalnoise-ratio of real-time exercise stress cardiac cine imaging, we extended the recently proposed SPIRIT image reconstruction by incorporating temporal coil sensitivity estimation and spatial regularization. The proposed method was tested on 10 volunteers and the average SNR gain was 38.2% without increasing ghosting artifacts.
Coreceptor Tropism Can Be Influenced by Amino Acid Substitutions in the gp41 Transmembrane Subunit of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Envelope Protein (2008)

Many studies have demonstrated that the third variable region (V3) of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope protein (Env) is a major determinant of coreceptor tropism. Other regions in the surface gp120 subunit of Env can modulate coreceptor tropism in a manner that is not fully understood. In this study, we evaluated the effect of env determinants outside of V3 on coreceptor usage through the analysis of (i) patient-derived env clones that differ in coreceptor tropism, (ii) chimeric env sequences, and (iii) site-directed mutants. The introduction of distinct V3 sequences from CXCR4-using clones into an R5-tropic env backbone conferred the inefficient use of CXCR4 in some but not all cases. Conversely, in many cases, X4- and dual-tropic env backbones containing the V3 sequences of R5-tropic clones retained the ability to use CXCR4, suggesting that sequences outside of the V3 regions of these CXCR4-using clones were responsible for CXCR4 use. The determinants of CXCR4 use in a set of dual-tropic env sequences with V3 sequences identical to those of R5-tropic clones mapped to the gp41 transmembrane (TM) subunit. In one case, a single-amino-acid substitution in the fusion peptide of TM was able to confer CXCR4 use; however, TM substitutions associated with CXCR4 use varied among different env sequences. These results demonstrate that sequences in TM can modulate coreceptor specificity and that env sequences other than that of V3 may facilitate efficient CXCR4-mediated entry. We hypothesize that the latter plays an important role in the transition from CCR5 to CXCR4 coreceptor use.
3D stacked ICs using Cu TSVs and Die to Wafer Hybrid Collective bonding (2009)

In this paper we demonstrate functional 3D circuits obtained by a 3D Stacked IC approach using both Cu Through Silicon Vias (TSV) First and cost effective solution Die-to-Wafer Hybrid Collective bonding. The Cu TSV-First process is inserted between contact and M1. The top die is thinned down to 25 ¿m and bonded to the landing wafer by Hybrid Bonding. Measurements and simulations of the power delay trade-offs of various 3D Ring Oscillator are provided as a demonstration of the relevance of such process route and of the design/simulation capabilities.
08 Inhibition of autophagy by mevalonate pathway inhibitors, a new therapeutic approach to sensitize glioblastoma cells to temozolomide induced apoptosis (2018)

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the deadliest brain tumor with an approximate 14 month survival rate after diagnosis and treatment. Temozolomide (TMZ), the chemotherapeutic drug of choice for GBM, is an alkylating agent that causes DNA damage. TMZ treatment results in the induction of apoptosis in GBM cells, however, it induces autophagy and consequently chemoresistance. Statins are mevalonate (MEV) cascade inhibitors with beneficial effects on the enhancement of the survival rate of patients with different types of cancer. Here, we determined the effect of simvastatin (Simva), a blood brain barrier permeable statin, on the sensitization of GBM cells to TMZ induced apoptosis through inhibition of autophagy flux. We pretreated two GMB cell lines, U251 and U87 cells, with low doses of Simva (1 and 2.5 M, respectively) with or without different intermediates of the mevalonate cascade and then treated cells with TMZ (100 M) for 48-96 hrs. A signficiantly reduced viability and increased in the population of apoptotic dead cells were observed in GBM cells treated with the Simva-TMZ compared to cells treated with TMZ alone. Addition of MEV, Farnesyl pyrophosphate, Geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate and cholesterol did not attenuate these effects significantly. Sima-TMZ treatment did not alter the total cholesterol pool in U87 and U251 cells compared to controls. Western blot analysis, immunocytochemistry and transmission electron microscopy revealed that Simva-TMZ inhibited autophagic flux. Overall, the results suggest that sensitization of GBM cells to TMZ-induced apoptosis by Simva is independent on the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway but may involve inhibition of autophagy.