gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
265 Hedgehog/Gli1 Signaling Regulates Phenotypic Changes in Myeloid Cells During Helicobacter-Induced SPEM (Gastric Metaplasia) (2014)

Introduction: Recently, it has been shown that cells expressing the glial marker GFAP can make enteric neurons, raising the possibility that enteric glia can function as enteric neural precursor cells (ENPC). However, it is not known whether all or only a sub-population of enteric glia are ENPC. Apart from glial markers, ENPC are also known to express Nestin and p75NTR. Hence, using a Nestin-GFP mouse, we studied whether ENPC, defined by the co-expression of Nestin and p75NTR, express glial cell markers and whether all enteric glial cells express these ENPC markers. Methods: Cells from the longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus (LMMP) of Nestin-GFP mice were flow sorted into four populations based on expression of Nestin-GFP and p75NTR for clonal proliferation and differentiation assays. Differentiated cells were tested for the presence of neurons and glia using immunocytochemistry. In separate analyses, these four cell populations were analyzed by FACS for the presence, co-localization, and intensity of fluorescence of glial markers GFAP and S100B. Results: By clonal analyses, we observe that only cells that co-express Nestin and p75NTRHI proliferate (Mean ± S.E. of percentage proliferative cells: 10.2 ± 0.62) and differentiate to form neurons and glia (Mean ± S.E. of percentage of neurospheres that differentiate to neurons and glia: 78.26 ± 4.35). ENPC, defined now by Nestin-p75NTRHI co-expression, express the glial markers, GFAP and S100B. We observe that only 3.86% of enteric glial cells that co-express GFAP and S100B express Nestin-GFP and p75HI and hence qualify for ENPC. All other cells are presumably mature enteric glia. Discussion: We show that ENPC co-express Nestin and p75NTRHI apart from GFAP and S100B, confirming earlier results that ENPC express glial markers. However, ENPC only form a small fraction of the total enteric glial cells as only 3.86% of cells that co-express the glial markers express Nestin-GFP and p75NTRHI. Hence, ENPC either represent a sub-category of enteric glial cells or are non-glial cells expressing shared markers. Our data shows that not all enteric glia are ENPC. This work paves the way for understanding not only the true identity of ENPC, but also that of mature enteric glia.
Parametric oscillation and compression in KTP crystals (1994)

We report effective pulse compression under conditions of giant-pulse generation in a synchronously pumped parametric oscillator pumped by the second-harmonic radiation of an actively-passively mode-locked Nd;YAG laser with passive negative feedback. A minimum pulse duration of 0.39 ps is achieved. The output radiation can be tuned from 0.614 to 4.16 microm.
A Reconstruction Filter for Saturated Accelerometer Signals Due to Insufficient FSR in Foot-Mounted Inertial Navigation System (2021)

In pedestrian inertial navigation, one possible placement of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) is on a footwear. This placement allows to limit the accumulation of navigation errors due to the bias drift of inertial sensors and is generally a preferable placement of sensors to achieve the highest precision of pedestrian inertial navigation. However, inertial sensors mounted on footwear experience significantly higher accelerations and angular velocities (10s of g and 1000s of deg/sec) during regular pedestrian activities than during more conventional navigation tasks, which could exceed Full Scale Range (FSR) of many commercial-off-the-shelf IMUs, therefore degrading accuracy of pedestrian navigation systems. This paper proposes a reconstruction filter to mitigate localization error in pedestrian navigation due to insufficient FSR of inertial sensors. The proposed reconstruction filter approximates immeasurable accelerometer’s signals with a triangular function and estimates the size of the triangles using a Gaussian Process (GP) regression. To evaluate performance of pedestrian navigation systems enhanced by the proposed reconstruction filter, we conducted two series of indoor pedestrian navigation experiments with a VectorNav VN-200 IMU and an Analog Device ADIS16497-3 IMU, which have accelerometer’s FSR of ±16 g and ±40 g, respectively. In the first series of experiments, forces experienced by the foot-mounted IMUs did not exceed the FSRs of the sensors, while in the second series, the forces surpassed the FSR of the VN-200 IMU and saturated the accelerometer’s readings. The saturated accelerometer’s readings reduced the accuracy of estimated positions using the VN-200 by <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${1.34}\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">${3.37}\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> along horizontal and vertical directions. When applying our proposed reconstruction filter to the saturated accelerometer’s measurements, the navigation accuracy along horizontal and vertical directions was increased by 5% and 50%, respectively, as compared to using unreconstructed signals.
DNA Replication: Mammalian (2003)

Abstract Resolution of the structure of DNA revealed the complementary relationship between the nucleoside bases of the two DNA chains forming the double helix. It was suggested that the complementary strands of the DNA molecule separated during DNA replication, and that DNA alone functioned as the template for the synthesis of new daughter DNA molecules. It is now known that the replication of the DNA genome of even very simple organisms is very complicated, requiring many different proteins and enzymes. Although much is known regarding the basic mechanics of DNA synthesis there is still much to be understood in relation to the regulatory mechanisms controlling DNA synthesis, and much to be learned about the architecture of the machinery responsible for mediating DNA replication.
Supplementary Table 4 from <i>JAK3</i> Variant, Immune Signatures, DNA Methylation, and Social Determinants Linked to Survival Racial Disparities in Head and Neck Cancer Patients (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Cox regression analysis of TCGA Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma patients (n=279).&lt;/p&gt;
Solvent-Free Oxidation of Primary Alcohols to Aldehydes Using Au-Pd/TiO 2 Catalysts (2006)

The oxidation of alcohols to aldehydes with O2 in place of stoichiometric oxygen donors is a crucial process for the synthesis of fine chemicals. However, the catalysts that have been identified so far are relatively inactive with primary alkyl alcohols. We showed that Au/Pd-TiO2 catalysts give very high turnover frequencies (up to 270,000 turnovers per hour) for the oxidation of alcohols, including primary alkyl alcohols. The addition of Au to Pd nanocrystals improved the overall selectivity and, using scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we showed that the Au-Pd nanocrystals were made up of a Au-rich core with a Pd-rich shell, indicating that the Au electronically influences the catalytic properties of Pd.
Single/dual-rate digital controller design for dual stage track following in hard disk drives (2000)

This paper presents the design of single rate and dual rate digital controllers for dual stage servo systems. The dual stage actuator system consists of a coarse actuator (voice coil motor) and a fine actuator (piezoelectric transducer, PZT). The design is divided into two steps. In the first step, the stability of the coarse actuator loop is an important consideration. In the second step, the fine actuator loop is designed by loop shaping for superior performance of the overall system. An important consideration in the second stage is to ensure that the phase difference is away from /spl plusmn/180 degrees between the coarse and fine actuator paths when the magnitudes of the two are close to each other. By loop shaping of fine actuator loop, appropriate contribution of each actuator to the final output is adjusted differently in different frequency range. In the dual rate control, the coarse actuator works at slow sampling frequency and the fine actuator works at fast sampling frequency. Simulation and experimental results justify the proposed design.
<title>Hyperspectral analysis and target detection system for the Adaptive Spectral Reconnaissance Program (ASRP)</title> (1998)

A multiprocessor version of the ORASIS hyperspectral analysis program has been implemented in support of the ASRP. In brief, the long-term technical objectives of the ASRP are to demonstrate the feasibility and military utility of real-time target detection from uncrewed air vehicles using hyperspectral data. This paper presents a preliminary assessment of ORASIS performance and describes the ORASIS development effort designed to meet the ASRP goals. Real-time performance of the analysis program and its potential effectiveness as a target detection method are demonstrated.
Visualization and Analysis of Venting From a Single Microchannel Two-Phase Copper Heat Exchanger (2009)

Two-phase microfluidic cooling solutions have the potential to meet the thermal and geometric requirements of high performance microprocessors. However, rapid nucleation and growth of the vapor phase in the micro-scale flow structures produce detrimental rise in the system pressure and create flow instabilities. In our previous work we developed a novel solution to these problems: to locally vent the vapor formed in the microstructures by capping the flow structures with porous, hydrophobic membranes that allow only the trapped vapor phase to escape the system. In this paper we present the results from a visualization study of this venting process in a copper microchannel with a porous hydrophobic Teflon membrane wall and determine the impact of varying flow conditions on the venting process. We tested liquid flow rates of 0.1, 0.25 and 0.5 ml/min with air injection rates varying from 0.2 to 6 ml/min, corresponding to mass qualities of 0.1% to 7%. Bubbly/slug and wavy flows are dominant at the lower liquid and air flow rates, with wavy-stratified and stratified flows becoming dominant at higher air injection rates. At the highest liquid flow rate, plug and annular flows were common. Analysis finds that venting effectiveness is insensitive to Reliq until the point where non-contact flow structures such as annular become dominant and result in a loss of effective venting area. We also find that venting area changes linearly with mass quality and that the maximum venting effectiveness can be improved by increasing the venting area or raising the total static system pressure. However, venting effectiveness is fundamentally limited by the membrane conductance.
Engineered Neutral Phosphorous Dendrimers Protect Mouse Cortical Neurons and Brain Organoids from Excitotoxic Death (2022)

Nanoparticles are playing an increasing role in biomedical applications. Excitotoxicity plays a significant role in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Glutamate ionotropic receptors, mainly those activated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), play a key role in excitotoxic death by increasing intraneuronal calcium levels; triggering mitochondrial potential collapse; increasing free radicals; activating caspases 3, 9, and 12; and inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neutral phosphorous dendrimers, acting intracellularly, have neuroprotective actions by interfering with NMDA-mediated excitotoxic mechanisms in rat cortical neurons. In addition, phosphorous dendrimers can access neurons inside human brain organoids, complex tridimensional structures that replicate a significant number of properties of the human brain, to interfere with NMDA-induced mechanisms of neuronal death. Phosphorous dendrimers are one of the few nanoparticles able to gain access to the inside of neurons, both in primary cultures and in brain organoids, and to exert pharmacological actions by themselves.
Locking Effects in Multiprocessor Implementations of Protocols (1994)

We investigate how to exploit shared memory multiprocessors for parallel protocol processing. We present a multiprocessor implementation of the x-kernel protocol environment from the University of Arizona. A “processor-per-message” paradigm is used to partition the work over processors. Locks are used to protect shared protocol state and data. Mutual exclusion by locking can be costly if the parallel protocol code frequently accesses shared state and data. This paper addresses the effect of locking on performance. The x-kernel is implemented in user address space on a Sequent Symmetry. Performance results of UDP/IP and TCP/IP are given, and we compare them to performance predictions from simulations. The measured speedups for the parallel implementations relative to the sequential ones are more than 12 times for UDP and 3 times for TCP. These limits are set by locking and machine contention.
Expression Quantitative Trait Loci and Receptor Pharmacology Implicate Arg1 and the GABA-A Receptor as Therapeutic Targets in Neuroblastoma (2014)

The development of targeted therapeutics for neuroblastoma, the third most common tumor in children, has been limited by a poor understanding of growth signaling mechanisms unique to the peripheral nerve precursors from which tumors arise. In this study, we combined genetics with gene-expression analysis in the peripheral sympathetic nervous system to implicate arginase 1 and GABA signaling in tumor formation in vivo. In human neuroblastoma cells, either blockade of ARG1 or benzodiazepine-mediated activation of GABA-A receptors induced apoptosis and inhibited mitogenic signaling through AKT and MAPK. These results suggest that ARG1 and GABA influence both neural development and neuroblastoma and that benzodiazepines in clinical use may have potential applications for neuroblastoma therapy.
Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation of Allylic Alcohols (2003)

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Performance comparison of the systems employing multiple antennas over spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channel (2002)

In this paper, we extend the open-loop and closed-loop diversity schemes for the systems employing multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver, and analyze the performance of those schemes in the spatially correlated Rayleigh fading channel. The SNR and average symbol error rate of the open-loop diversity are analytically derived, and those of the closed-loop diversity are investigated via Monte-Carlo simulation. The performance of the closed-loop diversity is always better than that of the open-loop diversity over the same diversity order channel. While transmit-only and receive-only diversity schemes can make the full diversity gain, the systems employing multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver cannot. Therefore it is better to put all the antennas at transmitter or receiver for the closed-loop diversity to obtain the full diversity gain.
Structural characterization of monoclonal antibodies targeting C-terminal Ser404 region of phosphorylated tau protein (2019)

Targeting tau with immunotherapies is currently the most common approach taken in clinical trials of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. The most prominent pathological feature of tau is its hyperphosphorylation, which may cause the protein to aggregate into toxic assemblies that collectively lead to neurodegeneration. Of the phospho-epitopes, the region around Ser396/Ser404 has received particular attention for therapeutic targeting because of its prominence and stability in diseased tissue. Herein, we present the antigen-binding fragment (Fab)/epitope complex structures of three different monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the pSer404 tau epitope region. Most notably, these structures reveal an antigen conformation similar to a previously described pathogenic tau epitope, pSer422, which was shown to have a β-strand structure that may be linked to the seeding core in tau oligomers. In addition, we have previously reported on the similarly ordered conformation observed in a pSer396 epitope, which is in tandem with pSer404. Our data are the first Fab structures of mAbs bound to this epitope region of the tau protein and support the existence of proteopathic tau conformations stabilized by specific phosphorylation events that are viable targets for immune modulation.
The conformational properties of Q nucleotide in aqueous solution (1978)

The conformational properties of Q-nucleoside-5′-monophosphate (pQ) in aqueous solution was investigated by (1) H-NMR. By the analyses of spin-coupling constants, NOE and spin-lattice relaxation rates, (2) E-form for ribose ring and anti-form for N-glycoside bond are found to be the main conformations. Further, the conformation of -CH (2) -N (+) H (2) - linkage is discussed.
Proposed revisions to the serological typing system forTreponema hyodysenteriae (1989)

SUMMARY Antisera were prepared in rabbits against seven well-characterized strains of Treponema hyodysenteriae of known serotype, and reacted in agarose gel double immunodiffusion tests (AGDP) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) extracted from 18 Western Australian isolates of the organism. Eight isolates were provisionally typed by this method, but sera raised against one ‘typed’ and two ‘untypable’ local isolates reacted in an unexpected fashion with LPS from other local and type strains. Serum raised against the ‘typed’ local isolate reached with LPS from other previously untyped local isolates: this indicated the presence of more than one major LPS antigen amongst certain local isolates, and was confirmed by cross-absorption of sera. Sera raised against apparently untypable local isolates reacted with LPS from certain type organisms, thus suggesting the presence of complex antigenic relationships between LPS antigens. The serotyping system for T. hyodysenteriae which was proposed by Baum &amp;Joens (1979) uses unabsorbed antisera and is made unworkable by these observations. Instead we propose placing organisms which share common LPS antigens into serogroups A to E, members of which are defined by their reactivity with unabsorbed sera raised against a type organism for the group. We suggest strains B78, WAI, B169, Al and WA6 respectively as being the most suitable type organisms for the five serogroups identified so far. Isolates possessing additional unique LPS antigens can be regarded as serotypes within the serogroup. However the serotype of an isolate can only be established if antiserum is prepared against it, and this serum continues to react homologously after cross-absorption with bacteria from other serotypes within the serogroup.
Cause and Consequences of Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Chronic Kidney Disease (2005)

Patients with chronic kidney disease and patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment show a sustained overactivity of the sympathetic nervous system, which originates from signals arising in the failing kidneys and traveling via afferent renal nerves to cardiovascular centers in the brainstem. Additional important factors are increased levels of angiotensin II and asymmetrical dimethylarginine. The sympathetic overactivity contributes to hypertension and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in that patient population. Sympathetic overactivity can be reduced by adrenergic receptor blockers, centrally acting sympathicolytic drugs such as moxonidine and rilmenidine, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists. Daily short hemodialysis and long nocturnal hemodialysis may reduce the elevated sympathetic activity, possibly because of an increased clearance of asymmetrical dimethylarginine, an endogenous nitric oxide synthase inhibitor. Prospective trials examining the potential impact of both beta-blockers and centrally acting sympatholytic drugs on cardiovascular mortality in chronic kidney disease and hemodialysis patients are very much needed.
Self-Assembled Growth and Characterization of MnxP Nanowires (2008)

MnP nanowires have been grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) without any preliminary deposited metal catalyst on InP(100) and GaAs(111)B substrates. Mn was supplied using a conventional Knudsen cell, whereas P2 was supplied as a gas by the decomposition of tertiary butylphosphine (TBP) using a cracking cell. The self-assembled growth of nanowires was observed when the substrate temperature exceeded 430 °C. Nanowires obtained on the InP(100) surface had diameters close to 150 nm, lengths of up to 2 µm, whereas nanowires grown on the GaAs(111)B surface had widths of up to 600 nm, lengths of up to 30 µm, and clear atomic facets. Magnetic and optical characterizations were also carried out.
ChemInform Abstract: CHAIN LENGTHENING DIFUNCTIONALIZATION OF GRIGNARD COMPOUNDS BY REACTION WITH KETENYLIDENETRIPHENYLPHOSPHORANE (1985)

Abstract Durch Umsetzung des KetenyIidenphosphorans (II) mit den Grignard‐Verbindungen (I) werden die Acylylide (III) erhalten, die z.B. mit den Aldehyden (IV) zu den Enonen (V) reagieren.
A Novel Distributed Translator for an ATSC Terrestrial DTV System (2013)

This paper presents a new design and implementation method of distributed translator (DTxR), termed the equalization DTxR (EDTxR), for distributed translator network in ATSC systems. EDTxR has a simple structure and does not require any devices to be added to studio or transmitter facilities already deployed. EDTxRs which retransmit the same transmitter signal can have identical output symbol streams among them without additional synchronization information by utilizing the structure of the equalization digital on-channel repeater (EDOCR). Moreover, they can synchronize output frequency among them without global positioning system (GPS) clock receivers by adopting a crystal oscillator for each translator and compensating the frequency offset of the each crystal oscillator through the carrier and timing recovery. To verify the proposed method, multiple EDTxRs are implemented and tested in the laboratory and in the field. Through the tests, it is confirmed that EDTxR is a simple and economic distributed translator for distributed transmission system which does not need additional synchronization devices. Therefore, EDTxR can be a promising translator for coverage extension of digital terrestrial television broadcasting under spectrum deficient situations.
Novel ethanol production using biomass preprocessing to increase ethanol yield and reduce overall costs (2021)

The novel process developed in this study was successful in increasing ethanol production while decreasing overall costs, thus facilitating the feasibility of lignocellulosic ethanol biorefineries. Key factors to achieving this outcome included substituting overliming by preprocessing, enabling the use of lower-quality feedstock, increasing monomeric sugar recovery and ethanol fermentation yield, and using recycled water for preprocessing. In addition, preprocessing enabled the implementation of an evaporator-combustor downstream design, resulting in a low-loading waste stream that can be treated in a wastewater treatment plant with a simple configuration.
Stereo Display of 3D Ultrasound Images for Surgical Robot Guidance (2006)

The recent advent of real-time 3-D ultrasound (3DUS) imaging enables a variety of surgical procedures to be performed within the beating heart. Implementation of these procedures is hampered by the difficulty of manipulating tissue guided by the distorted, low resolution 3DUS images and the dexterity constraints imposed by the confined intracardiac space. This paper investigates the use of surgical robotics in conjunction with 3DUS to overcome these limitations. In addition, it describes the development of a graphics processor based volume Tenderer for real-time stereo visualization of the ultrasound data. Stereo displayed 3DUS was compared to ID-displayed 3DUS and endoscopic guidance with a user study. Five subjects performed in vitro surgical tasks using a surgical robot. Results indicate that subjects were able to complete surgical tasks 35 % faster with stereo-displayed 3DUS images compared to conventional two dimensional display of 3DUS.