gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breaking of Thermopower–Conductivity Trade‐Off in LaTiO3 Film around Mott Insulator to Metal Transition (2021)

Introducing artificial strain in epitaxial thin films is an effective strategy to alter electronic structures of transition metal oxides (TMOs) and to induce novel phenomena and functionalities not realized in bulk crystals. This study reports a breaking of the conventional trade-off relation in thermopower (S)-conductivity (σ) and demonstrates a 2 orders of magnitude enhancement of power factor (PF) in compressively strained LaTiO<sub>3</sub> (LTO) films. By varying substrates and reducing film thickness down to 4 nm, the out-of-plane to the in-plane lattice parameter ratio is controlled from 0.992 (tensile strain) to 1.034 (compressive strain). This tuning induces the electronic structure change from a Mott insulator to a metal and leads to a 10<sup>3</sup> -fold increase in σ up to 2920 S cm<sup>-1</sup> . Concomitantly, the sign of S inverts from positive to negative, and both σ and S increase and break the trade-off relation between them in the n-type region. As a result, the PF (=S<sup>2</sup> σ) is significantly enhanced to 300 µW m<sup>-</sup> <sup>1</sup> K<sup>-2</sup> , which is 10<sup>2</sup> times larger than that of bulk LTO. Present results propose epitaxial strain as a means to finely tune strongly correlated TMOs close to their Mott transition, and thus to harness the hidden large thermoelectric PF.
Region of Interest Optimization for Delay-sensitive Telemedicine Applications (2022)

Telemedicine is a rising technology that is gaining a lot of interest in the recent decades. Several applications of telemedicine are delay-sensitive and need to be operated in real-time. One of which is surgical tele-mentoring where a remote expert surgeon mentors local surgeons during an operation. While the advances done in telecommunications and robotics have made tele-mentoring possible in modern days, there are still many challenges that stop such telemedical applications from being completely legalized and approved as medical tools across the world. One of the main issues is the need for very high bandwidth to allow the surgery to be done accurately in real-time. Such bandwidth requirements are difficult to provide especially in rural areas with limited communications infrastructure. We propose an adaptive Region of Interest (ROI) detection and an optimization model that addresses the trade-off between the overall quality of a surgical video and the network delay. The model aims to maximize the size of the ROI, where highest video quality must be used, depending on the available network throughput, while avoiding excessive degradation of the quality of the background.
Communicating Context to the Crowd for Complex Writing Tasks (2017)

Crowd work is typically limited to simple, context-free tasks because they are easy to describe and understand. In contrast, complex tasks require communication between the requester and workers to achieve mutual understanding, which can be more work than it is worth. This paper explores the notion of structured communication: using structured microtasks to support communication in the domain of complex writing. Our studies compare a variety of communication mechanisms with respect to the costs to the requester in providing information and the value of that information to workers while performing the task. We find that different mechanisms are effective at different stages of writing. For early drafts, asking the requester to state the biggest problem in the current write-up is valuable and low cost, while later it is more useful for the worker if the requester highlights the text that needs to be improved. These findings can be used to enable richer, more interactive crowd work than what currently seems possible. We incorporate the findings in a workflow for crowdsourcing written content using appropriately timed mechanisms for communicating with the crowd.
Local Reaction Zone Configuration of High Intensity Turbulent Premixed Flames (1993)

Abstract The present study has been performed to explore the local reaction zone configuration of high intensity turbulent premixed flames in detail by using a micro-electrostatic probe of two identical sensors. The local reaction zone configuration is shown to be determined by analyzing the ion current fluctuations. The radii of the local reaction zone curvatures are examined and expressed in frequency distribution. The radii of curvatures of the local reaction zone convex toward unburned mixture are distributed in a wider range than those convex toward burned gas. The mean radius of the local reaction zone curvatures decreases as the turbulent intensity increases, while the smallest and the most probable radii of curvatures scarcely change with the turbulent intensity. Both the most probable and the mean radii of curvatures measured in the present study are larger than the micro scale of turbulence. It is presumed that even in intense turbulence, whose Kolmogoroff scale is smaller than a laminar flame thickness, small scale turbulent eddies may scarcely affect the local reaction zone configuration. Any appreciable effects of turbulent intensity can not be confirmed on the inner structure of the local reaction zone. The inner structure of a laminar premixed flame would be preserved at the local reaction zone of turbulent premixed flames examined in the present study, which are of characteristics in the broken flame regime.
Structure and immune recognition of trimeric pre-fusion HIV-1 Env (2020)

The HIV-1-envelope (Env) spike, comprising three gp120 and three gp41 subunits, is a conformational machine that facilitates HIV-1 entry by rearranging from a mature unliganded state, through receptor-bound intermediates, to a postfusion state. As the sole viral antigen on the HIV-1-virion surface, Env is both the target of neutralizing antibodies and a focus of vaccine efforts. Here we report the structure at 3.5-Å resolution for an HIV-1-Env trimer captured in a mature closed state by antibodies PGT122 and 35O22. This structure reveals the prefusion conformation of gp41, indicates rearrangements needed for fusion activation, and defines parameters of immune evasion and immune recognition. Prefusion gp41 encircles N- and C-terminal strands of gp120 with four helices that form a membrane-proximal collar, fastened by insertion of a fusion peptide-proximal methionine into a gp41-tryptophan clasp. Spike rearrangements required for entry likely involve opening the clasp and expelling the termini. N-linked glycosylation and sequence-variable regions cover the prefusion closed spike: we used chronic cohorts to map the prevalence and location of effective HIV-1-neutralizing responses, which were distinguished by their recognition of N-linked glycan and tolerance for epitope-sequence variation.
Prediction and Hydrogen Acceleration of Ordering in Iron-Vanadium Alloys (2012)

Ab initio calculations of binary metallic systems often predict ordered compounds in contrast to empirical reports of solid solutions or disordered phases. These discrepancies are usually attributed to slow kinetics that retains metastable structures at low temperatures. The Fe-V system is an example of this phenomenon, in which we predict two ordered stable ground states, Fe3V and FeV3, whereas a disordered σ phase is reported. We propose to overcome this difficulty by hydrogen absorption, which facilitates metal atom mobility through vacancy formation and separation between the two elements due to their opposite affinities towards it, thus accelerating transformation kinetics. Hydrogen also increases the relative stability of the ordered structures compared with that of the σ phase without affecting the shape of the phase diagram. The hydrogen-induced formation of the ordered structures is expressed by a reversible decrease of the electrical resistivity with increasing hydrogen pressure. Such behavior has not been reported before in thin H absorbing films. Formation of the ordered structures is further substantiated by the kinetics of the resistivity changes upon variation of the hydrogen pressure, where two stages are distinguished: a fast initial stage and a much slower subsequent process in which the resistivity changes direction, associated with hydrogen dissolution and phase transformation, respectively.
Baseline C-Reactive Protein is Associated With Disease Progression in Patients with Crohnʼs Disease (2011)

Purpose: Elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, is known to correlate with Crohn's disease (CD) activity1, 2 and to be a predictor of disease relapse in CD.3, 4 However, in patients with moderate or severe CD, it is not known whether CRP is associated with disease progression. Methods: This post hoc analysis evaluated the association of baseline (BL) CRP and change in CDAI over time in patients with moderate (CDAI>220 to ≤300) to severe (CDAI>300) CD who were randomized to the placebo group in the CHARM trial5 (N=238). Patients received open-label adalimumab (ADA) induction (week 0: 80 mg; week 2: 40 mg) followed by blinded weekly placebo treatment from weeks 4-56, with switch to open-label ADA allowed after week 12 for disease flare. This analysis grouped patients by CD severity and BL CRP (severe, high: CDAI>300, CRP≥10 mg/L; severe, low: CDAI>300, CRP<10 mg/L; moderate, high: CDAI≤300, CRP≥10 mg/L; moderate, low: CDAI≤300, CRP<10 mg/L). Mean CDAI scores at each visit from weeks 4-56 were calculated for each subgroup, using last observation carried forward (after week 4) to handle dropouts or switch to ADA. Results: Mean CDAI decreased from BL in all subgroups after ADA induction (week 4, Figure). By week 56, the mean CDAI in all subgroups had increased compared with week 4 and was greater in patients who had higher CRP versus lower CRP at BL (244 vs 223, 306 vs 260, for moderate and severe groups, respectively). At week 56 in patients with moderate CD and high CRP (open circles), CDAI approached that of patients with severe CD and low CRP (black squares), despite BL differences in CDAI of over 90 points.Figure. CDAI: (mean, SEM) Over Time by CD Severity and Baseline CRP.Conclusion: This post hoc analysis of disease activity and CRP demonstrates that an elevated BL CRP in patients with moderate or severe CD is associated with higher disease scores after one year. Disease activity over time in patients with moderate CD and higher CRP behaved similarly to that of patients with severe CD and lower CRP.
A diffractive-optic unstable resonator for low-gain lasers (2003)

Unstable optical resonators have been found to be very useful in applications where large fundamental mode volume and good higher-order mode discrimination are required. Gaussian-reflectivity mirrors (GRMs) are commonly used as output couplers to improve the far-field pattern of unstable resonators. We have shown that GRM unstable resonators can be designed to produce flat near-field output beams even when the central reflectivity of the GRM is higher than the conventional l/m/sup 2/ value. This is accomplished by altering the internal Gaussian mode using a custom-made diffractive optical element. This allows for maximally flat output beams from high-magnification and low-gain laser systems.
Structure and activity of hydrogenated derivatives of (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801) (1990)

Several hydrogenated derivatives of the potent NMDA antagonist 1 have been prepared and evaluated as competitive inhibitors of [3H]-1 binding. These compounds were also tested for their ability to act as noncompetitive antagonists of NMDA in vitro. These studies indicate that two aromatic rings are not strictly required for high-affinity binding or NMDA antagonism.
BER performance of LDPC-coded nonlinear OFDM systems (2013)

It is widely known that the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem inherited in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals can cause severe bit error rate (BER) performance degradation. However, most of the work reported in the literature considers the uncoded BER performance, which might be misleading due to the over estimation of the impact of the resulted interference due to the high power amplifier (HPA) nonlinearity. Consequently, this work considers the impact of the HPA on the performance of a low density parity check (LDPC) coded OFDM systems. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations have been conducted using various LDPC codes with different codeword lengths and rates. The simulation results demonstrate that the BER performance degradation due to the signal distortion caused by the HPA is not as severe as it is usually claimed. Surprisingly, the coding gain loss for LDPC code that has a high error correction capability is less than 0.5 dB, with a moderate input back-off (IBO) of 4 dB. For less powerful codes, the coding gain reduction was about 1 dB. The effect of the unique structure of LDPC codewords on the PAPR was isolated by fragmenting the LDPC codewords into smaller packets each of which consists of 128 subcarriers.
Biomarker Potential of Heme Oxygenase-1 in Alzheimer‘s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (2007)

The advent of an accessible chemical biological marker that differentiates early, sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) from normal aging and other dementing illnesses, and identifies individuals with mild cognitive impairment who are destined to deteriorate to Alzheimer's dementia, would represent a major achievement in the evaluation and management of this common neurodegenerative disorder. Although several candidate biomarkers of sporadic AD have been identified and commercialized, none currently fulfill the criteria for an ideal test. In this article, we review evidence implicating blood heme oxygenase-1 mRNA/protein levels and a recently identified plasma heme oxygenase-1 suppressor factor as potential biomarkers of AD and mild cognitive impairment.
Silicon Photonics as a Broadband Platform for Parametric Oscillation in the Mid-Infrared (2017)

We demonstrate that silicon photonics can be leveraged for nonlinear optics in the mid-infrared range from 3–6μm. We fabricate an air-clad microresonator with Q=1 million at 3.79μm wavelength and demonstrate 5.3mW parametric oscillation threshold power.
Kirschner Wire Migration from the Pelvis to the Heart and a New Method of Fixation of Articular Fracture Fragments, Acetabular Reconstruction (1989)

Fixation of comminuted, articular fracture fragments is frequently difficult. This can be accomplished with Kirschner wires (K-wires), but the risk of migration of smooth K-wires is well known. A case of migration of such a wire from the acetabulum, through the great vessels, and into the heart is presented. The Herbert screw is designed to be "buried" and, thus, allows firm fixation and congruent reduction of overlying fragments. The variation in thread pitch between the two ends of the Herbert screw should prevent migration once the screw is seated. A use of the Herbert screw in the fixation of articular fracture fragments in acetabular reconstruction is presented.
The impact of baseline peripheral cytokines on survival in metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with nivolumab: NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 Translational study. (2022)

379 Background: The NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 study reported safety and efficacy of nivolumab in patients with RCC in a “real world setting”. A translational research program was launched to quantify baseline cytokine levels and correlate them with outcomes to nivolumab. Methods: Extreme responder patients (pts) treated with nivolumab as part of the phase II NIVOREN GETUG-AFU 26 were included in this TRAINING cohort. A panel of 14 different plasma cytokines and proteins (VEGF, VCAM-1, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-10, APRIL, BAFF, 4-1BB, BCA, SDF-1, MDC, IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha) were quantified for each plasma sample using the Elisa-based Meso Scale Discovery electrochemiluminescence assay. The association between baseline cytokine levels and objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Results: Overall, 80 pts, 40 responders and 40 progressors, were included for cytokine analysis. Baseline characteristics were similar to the overall trial population. The IMDC risk score breakdown was 11.3% good, 56.3% intermediate and 32.5% poor. With a median follow-up of 21.2 months, mOS data was immature at data cut-off. Overall survival rate was 67.3% at 12 months and median PFS was 3.8 months. Increased levels of IL-6 (75 th percentile=P75), IL-7 (P75), IL-8 (P50) and VEGF (P50) were significantly negatively associated with survival (IL-6: HR=2.44, p=0.0112; IL-7: HR=2.38, p=0.0123; IL-8: HR=2.80, p=0.0045, and VEGF: HR=2.43, p=0.0133). 4-1BB (P50) was associated with improved OS (HR=0.39, p=0.0375). Higher levels of IL-8 (P50) and VEGF (P50) were associated with worse PFS (IL-8: HR=2.50, p=0.0133, and VEGF: HR=1.96, p=0.0132) and worse ORR (IL-8: p=0.013, and VEGF: p=0.044). Except for IL-8 and VEGF, no other associations with response were observed. Conclusions: Higher baseline plasma levels of IL-6, IL-7, IL-8 and VEGF were significantly associated with worse survival outcomes in mRCC pts treated with nivolumab within TRAINING cohort of the NIVOREN trial. In contrast, 4-1BB was significantly associated with improved OS. IL-8 and VEGF were also associated with worse PFS and ORR. VALIDATION cohort within the entire NIVOREN study is ongoing.
Chemically Specific Surface Diffusion of Oxygen through a Porous Membrane Modified with Cobalt Porphyrin on Its Pore Surface (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemically Specific Surface Diffusion of Oxygen through a Porous Membrane Modified with Cobalt Porphyrin on Its Pore SurfaceHiroyuki Nishide, Takayuki Suzuki, Ryuji Nakagawa, Keita Itakura, and Eishun TsuchidaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 32, 12312–12317Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100032a040https://doi.org/10.1021/j100032a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views137Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Studies of conformational isomerism in α-melanocyte stimulating hormone by design of cyclic analogues (1998)

Results of energy calculations for alpha-MSH (alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone, Ac-Ser1-Tyr2-Ser3-Met4-Glu5-His6-Phe7-Arg8-Trp9- Gly10-Lys11-Pro12-Val13-NH2) and [D-Phe7] alpha-MSH were used for design of cyclic peptides with the general aim to stabilize different conformational isomers of the parent compound. The minimal structural modifications of the conformationally flexible Gly10 residue, as substitutions for L-Ala, D-Ala, or Aib (replacing of hydrogen atoms by methyl groups), were applied to obtain octa- and heptapeptide analogues of alpha-MSH(4-11) and alpha-MSH(5-11), which were cyclized by lactam bridges between the side chains in positions 5 and 11. Some of these analogues, namely those with substitutions of the Gly10 residue with L-Ala or Aib, showed biological activity potencies on frog skin comparable to the potency of the parent tridecapeptide hormone. Additional energy calculations for designed cyclic analogues were used for further refinement of the model for the biologically active conformations of the His-Phe-Arg-Trp "message" sequence within the sequences of alpha-MSH and [D-Phe7]alpha-MSH. In such conformations the aromatic moieties of the side chains of the His6, L/D-Phe7, and Trp9 residues form a continuous hydrophobic "surface," presumably interacting with a complementary receptor site. This feature is characteristic for low-energy conformers of active cyclic analogues, but it is absent in the case of inactive analogues. This particular spatial arrangement of functional groups involved in the message sequence is very close for alpha-MSH and [D-Phe7]alpha-MSH, as well as for biologically active cyclic analogues despite differences of dihedral angle values for corresponding low-energy conformations.
Substitution of methionine 435 with leucine, isoleucine, and serine in tumor necrosis factor alpha converting enzyme inactivates ectodomain shedding activity (2007)

Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) converting enzyme (TACE) is a zinc metalloprotease that has emerged as a general sheddase, which is responsible for ectodomain release of numerous membrane proteins, including the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha, the leukocyte adhesin L-selectin and epidermal growth factor receptor ligand-transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha), and related family members. Structurally, TACE belongs to a large clan of proteases, designated the metzincins, because TACE possesses a conserved methionine (Met435), frequently referred to as the met-turn residue, in its active site. A vital role of this residue in the function of TACE is supported by the fact that cells expressing the M435I TACE variant are defective in ectodomain shedding. However, the importance of Met435 in TACE appears to be uncertain, since another metzincin, matrix metalloprotease-2, has been found to be enzymatically fully active with either leucine or serine in place of its met-turn residue. We constructed TACE mutants with leucine or serine in place of Met435 to further examine the role of the met-turn residue in TACE-mediated ectodomain cleavage. Similar to the M435I TACE mutant, both the M435L and M435S constructs are defective in cleaving transmembrane TNF-alpha, TGF-alpha, and L-selectin. Comparative modeling and dynamic computation detected structural perturbations, which resulted in higher energy, in the catalytic zinc complexes of the Met435 TACE mutants compared with that in the wild-type enzyme. Thus, Met435 serves to maintain the stability of the catalytic center of TACE for the hydrolysis of peptide bonds in substrates.
Thermal stability of Mg2Si0.4Sn0.6 in inert gases and atomic-layer-deposited Al2O3 thin film as a protective coating (2016)

The structure and thermoelectric properties of Mg<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>0.4</sub>Sn<sub>0.6</sub> are unstable above 700 K. We demonstrated atomic-layer-deposited Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> as a protective coating to address this problem.