gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survival Outcomes Among Patients With High-Grade Glioma Treated With 5-Aminolevulinic Acid–Guided Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2019)

<b>Background:</b> High-grade glioma (HGG) is associated with a dismal prognosis despite significant advances in adjuvant therapies, including chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and radiotherapy. Extent of resection continues to be the most important independent prognosticator of survival. This underlines the significance of increasing gross total resection (GTR) rates by using adjunctive intraoperative modalities to maximize resection with minimal neurological morbidity. 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved intraoperative optical agent used for fluorescence-guided surgical resection of gliomas. Despite several studies on the impact of intra-operative 5-ALA use on the extent of HGG resection, a clear picture of how such usage affects patient survival is still unavailable. <b>Methods:</b> A systematic review was conducted of all relevant studies assessing the GTR rate and survival outcomes [overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)] in HGG. A meta-analysis of eligible studies was performed to assess the influence of 5-ALA-guided resection on improving GTR, OS, and PFS. GTR was defined as >95% resection. <b>Results:</b> Of 23 eligible studies, 19 reporting GTR rates were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled cohort had 998 patients with HGG, including 796 with newly diagnosed cases. The pooled GTR rate among patients with 5-ALA-guided resection was 76.8% (95% confidence interval, 69.1-82.9%). A comparative subgroup analysis of 5-ALA-guided vs. conventional surgery (controlling for within-study covariates) showed a 26% higher GTR rate in the 5-ALA subgroup (odds ratio, 3.8; <i>P</i> < 0.001). There were 11 studies eligible for survival outcome analysis, 4 of which reported PFS. The pooled mean difference in OS and PFS was 3 and 1 months, respectively, favoring 5-ALA vs. control (<i>P</i> < 0.001). <b>Conclusions:</b> This meta-analysis shows a significant increase in GTR rate with 5-ALA-guided surgical resection, with a higher weighted GTR rate (~76%) than the pivotal phase III study (~65%). Pooled analysis showed a small yet significant increase in survival measures associated with the use of 5-ALA. Despite the statistically significant results, the low level of evidence and heterogeneity across these studies make it difficult to conclusively report an independent association between 5-ALA use and survival outcomes in HGG. Additional randomized control studies are required to delineate the role of 5-ALA in survival outcomes in HGG.
Intragrain defects in polycrystalline silicon layers grown by aluminum-induced crystallization and epitaxy for thin-film solar cells (2009)

Polycrystalline silicon (pc-Si) thin-films with a grain size in the range of 0.1–100 μm grown on top of inexpensive substrates are economical materials for semiconductor devices such as transistors and solar cells and attract much attention nowadays. For pc-Si, grain size enlargement is thought to be an important parameter to improve material quality and therefore device performance. Aluminum-induced crystallization (AIC) of amorphous Si in combination with epitaxial growth allows achieving large-grained pc-Si layers on nonsilicon substrates. In this work, we made pc-Si layers with variable grain sizes by changing the crystallization temperature of the AIC process in order to see if larger grains indeed result in better solar cells. Solar cells based on these layers show a performance independent of the grain size. Defect etching and electron beam induced current (EBIC) measurements showed the presence of a high density of electrically active intragrain defects. We therefore consider them as the reason for the grain size independent device performance. Besides dislocations and stacking faults, also Σ3 boundaries were electrically active as shown by combining electron backscattered diffraction with EBIC measurements. The electrical activity of the defects is probably triggered by impurity decoration. Plasma hydrogenation changed the electrical behavior of the defects, as seen by photoluminescence, but the defects were not completely passivated as shown by EBIC measurements. In order to reveal the origin of the defects, cross section transmission electron microscopy measurements were done showing that the intragrain defects are already present in the AIC seed layer and get copied into the epitaxial layer during epitaxial growth. The same types of intragrain defects were found in layers made on different substrates (alumina ceramic, glass ceramic, and oxidized silicon wafer) from which we conclude that intragrain defects are not related to the relatively rough alumina ceramic substrates often used in combination with high temperature epitaxy. Further improvement of the material quality, and hence device performance, is therefore not simply achieved by increasing the grain size, but the intragrain quality of the material also needs to be taken into account. For pc-Si layers based on AIC and epitaxial growth, the seed layer has a crucial impact on the intragrain defect formation.
On the Delay and Data Rate Performance of Throughput-Efficient Multi-Channel Access Algorithms in Cognitive Radio Networks (2013)

Cognitive Radio Networks (CRNs) are designed to increase spectrum utilization by allowing unlicensed secondary users (SUs) to operate over existing wireless channels where primary users (PUs) have license to transmit. An SU searches for channels not currently occupied by PUs, it estimates their lin
3D shear wave generation in soft tissues using the time reversal kaleidoscopes (2004)

The time reversal kaleidoscope provides elegant possibilities for both temporal and spatial concentration of acoustic energy in a wide frequency band. Using such ultrasound focused beams, it is possible to generate mechanical sources radiating low frequency shear waves inside tissues. Shear waves are of great interest to investigate tissue viscoelastic properties. In most techniques relying on this concept, generation and imaging of shear waves are realized with a single ultrasonic probe, limiting the capabilities concerning the generation of the shear source. Here we propose a system able to generate and image shear waves in a full 3D volume with any kind of polarization. The focused beam is generated by the time reversal kaleidoscope. By combining the concepts of time reversal mirrors and chaotic reverberating cavities, the time reversal kaleidoscope is able to focus ultrasound beams in a large 3D volume with only some tens of transducers and presents equivalent performances than conventional 2D matrices made of thousands of transducers. The kaleidoscope is triggered by an ultrafast imaging system able to image the resulting shear waves. In vitro results in tissue mimicking phantoms are presented. Chaotic cavities of different geometries are tested and compared. [Work supported in part by NIH grant.]
Visualization of Acoustic Energy Absorption in Confined Aqueous Solutions by PNIPAM Microgels: Effects of Bulk Viscosity (2021)

Ultrasound propagation in liquids is highly influenced by its attenuation due to viscous damping. The dissipated energy will be partially absorbed by the liquid due to its dynamic viscosity as well as its bulk viscosity. The former results in the generation of a flow that is called acoustic streaming, and the latter is associated with the vibrational and rotational relaxation of liquid molecules. Measuring the ultrasonic wave attenuation due to the bulk viscosity is presented as a novel method in this article. Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels, which are soluble in several solvents such as water, were used as acousto-responsive markers in water, which upon absorption of ultrasonic energy undergo a volume phase transition due to the breakage of their hydrogen bonds. Thus, they become insoluble in water, and due to shrinking, their optical density increases. As a result, their agglomeration can be seen as a turbid medium. We managed to visualize the ultrasonic energy absorption due to the bulk viscosity using the turbidity since the excess acoustic energy on top of the absorbed energy for the translational motion of liquid is spent to break the hydrogen bonds between PNIPAM and water. In addition, to quantify the turbidity phenomenon, the total energy required for breaking hydrogen bonds in the solution is calculated, and its evolution, according to the input power intensity, is quantified by image processing. The effect of viscosity by changing the microgel concentration was investigated, and it is shown that an increasing microgel concentration increases the acoustic energy absorption rate much greater than its dynamic viscosity. Therefore, the bulk viscosity, as the responsible parameter for this increase, is measured directly from the energy of broken hydrogen bonds. The results show that at low solution concentration (0.2 wt %) the bulk viscosity is in the same order of magnitude as its dynamic viscosity. Increasing the concentrations to 1 and 5 wt % increases the bulk viscosity and consequently the structural relaxation time by 1 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively.
The Introduction of Human Heme Oxygenase-1 and Soluble Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Receptor Type I With Human IgG1 Fc in Porcine Islets Prolongs Islet Xenograft Survival in Humanized Mice (2015)

Apoptosis during engraftment and inflammation induce poor islet xenograft survival. We aimed to determine whether overexpression of human heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) or soluble tumor necrosis factor-α receptor type I with human IgG1 Fc (sTNF-αR-Fc) in porcine islets could improve islet xenograft survival. Adult porcine islets were transduced with adenovirus containing human HO-1, sTNF-αR-Fc, sTNF-αR-Fc/HO-1 or green fluorescent protein (control). Humanized mice were generated by injecting human cord blood-derived CD34(+) stem cells into NOD-scid-IL-2Rγ(null) mice. Both HO-1 and sTNF-αR-Fc reduced islet apoptosis under in vitro hypoxia or cytokine stimuli and suppressed RANTES induction without compromising insulin secretion. Introduction of either gene into islets prolonged islet xenograft survival in pig-to-humanized mice transplantation. The sTNF-αR-Fc/HO-1 group showed the best glucose tolerance. Target genes were successfully expressed in islet xenografts. Perigraft infiltration of macrophages and T cells was suppressed with decreased expression of RANTES, tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-6 in treatment groups; however, frequency of pig-specific interferon-γ-producing T cells was not decreased, and humoral response was not significant in any group. Early apoptosis of islet cells was suppressed in the treatment groups. In conclusion, overexpression of HO-1 or sTNF-αR-Fc in porcine islets improved islet xenograft survival by suppressing both apoptosis and inflammation. HO-1 or sTNF-αR-Fc transgenic pigs have potential for islet xenotransplantation.
BiDi screen (2009)

We present a BiDirectional screen capable of both imaging and display, that uses an LCD as a spatial light modulator to support seamless transition from on-screen multi-touch interactions to off-screen hover-based gestures.
Dendritic Cell–Activating Vaccine Adjuvants Differ in the Ability to Elicit Antitumor Immunity Due to an Adjuvant-Specific Induction of Immunosuppressive Cells (2012)

Adjuvants may induce regulatory responses in the context of a self-antigen vaccine. Adjuvant triggered immunosuppression may limit vaccine efficacy and should be evaluated in preclinical models especially when contemplating combination approaches.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Blocking Angiopoietin-2 Promotes Vascular Damage and Growth Inhibition in Mouse Tumors Treated with Small Doses of Radiation (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure S7&lt;/p&gt;
Ubiquitin-associated domain of Mex67 synchronizes recruitment of the mRNA export machinery with transcription (2006)

The mRNA nuclear export receptor Mex67/Mtr2 is recruited to mRNAs through RNA-binding adaptors, including components of the THO/TREX complex that couple transcription to mRNA export. Here we show that the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) domain of Mex67 is not only required for proper nuclear export of mRNA but also contributes to recruitment of Mex67 to transcribing genes. Our results reveal that the UBA domain of Mex67 directly interacts with polyubiquitin chains and with Hpr1, a component of the THO/TREX complex, which is regulated by ubiquitylation in a transcription-dependent manner. This interaction transiently protects Hpr1 from ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated degradation and thereby coordinates recruitment of the mRNA export machinery with transcription and early messenger ribonucleoproteins assembly.
Hydrogel Formulation for Sealing Cracked Wellbores for CO2 Storage (2017)

A challenge for underground CO2 storage is the leakage of the buoyant supercritical gas through microcracks in wellbores that cannot be sealed with current oilfield cements that are too viscous and cannot penetrate the cracks. Polymer gels consisting of pH-sensitive hydrogel particles suspended in an aqueous solution offer a potential alternative. The rheology of aqueous solutions of Carbopol 934 as a model pH-sensitive gel is measured to find the compositions and pHs for both ease of injection and to seal cracks against the flow of bulk CO2 and CO2 dissolved in brine. The polymer gels have low viscosity at low pH and can easily flow into the microcracks. In the elevated pH of the microcracks, the particles swell creating a significant yield stress sufficient to seal leakage pathways. The yield stress reaches a maximum at pHs and it increases with increasing concentration. The flow curves of stress versus shear rate for all pHs and concentrations are well-described by the Herschel-Bulkley model with an exponent of about 0.34 except for highly acidic conditions when the gelant solutions show a much lower yield stresses and higher exponents. The flow curves can be collapsed onto a single universal flow curve rescaled with the yield stress, the low frequency shear modulus and the suspending fluid viscosity. The presence of salts, especially high valence salts, reduce the yield stress of the gels considerably. It is shown that the addition of chelating agents mitigates this effect and can restore more than 30% of the yield stress of the gelant.
EU H2020 NeurONN: Two-Dimensional Oscillatory Neural Networks for Energy Efficient Neuromorphic Computing (2021)

International audience
Diagnostics and simulation of highpressure argon and nitrogen plasma (2006)

Summary form only given. Experiments are performed using 193 nm ultraviolet (UV) laser pre-ionization of a seed gas in atmospheric pressure range argon or nitrogen to initiate a discharge that is sustained by 13.56 MHz radiofrequency (RF) power using efficient inductive wave coupling. High-density (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">13</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ), large-volume (~500 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) 760 torr argon plasma is initiated and maintained for 300 ms with less than 3 kW of net RF power. Using the same technique, a 50 torr nitrogen plasma with average electron densities greater than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sup> /cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is obtained. The nitrogen plasma volume of 1000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> is initiated by the laser and maintained by a net RF power of 5.5 kW for 300 ms. Measurements of the time-varying plasma load impedance and optimization of the RF matching for the transition from laser-initiated to RF-sustained plasma are carried out. Millimeter wave interferometry is used to determine the electron density and effective electron collision frequency. A new diagnostic technique based on interferometry is developed to measure the electron temperature in high pressure plasmas. Broadband plasma emission spectroscopy is used to illustrate the changes in the broad ionized species character immediately after the laser pulse and later during the RF pulse. Advanced RF impedance measurement and RF tuning techniques are developed to enhance RF matching of the inductively coupled plasma source to the RF system. Computer simulation of the interferometry diagnostics of plasma density and collision rate is performed. Results of a new focused-laser generated plasma near a microwave dielectric window are also presented
The Application of 3D-Printing and Nanotechnology for the Targeted Treatment of Osteosarcoma (2021)

Osteosarcoma is a malignant bone neoplasm prevalent in adolescents. Current therapies include chemotherapy and surgery. Surgical resection of osteosarcoma induces a large bone defect which may be overcome by employing scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. This review details the polymers and bioceramics that may be used to fabricate 3D printed scaffolds for bone regeneration and the nanotechnology strategies that may be incorporated into such scaffolds. Natural polymers discussed include chitosan, alginate, collagen, gelatin, and silk fibroin. Synthetic polymers discussed include polycaprolactone, polyurethane, poly(lactic)acid and poly(vinyl) alcohol. Bioceramics that are utilized in bone regeneration such as calcium phosphate, calcium silicate and bioglass are elaborated on. Furthermore, comparison data between different types of 3D printed scaffolds for bone regeneration are presented. A discussion on Photo-responsive and magneto-responsive 3D printed scaffolds that have been fabricated for bone regeneration is included. Research concerning drug-loaded scaffolds as well as the incorporation of nanocarriers into scaffolds for bone regeneration is provided. Chemotherapy utilized in osteosarcoma therapy has severe adverse effects due to being non-selective between healthy cells and tumor cells. A possible way to overcome this is to utilize nanotechnology. Therefore, research detailing other types of nanocarriers that have the potential to be incorporated into 3D printed scaffolds for localized adjuvant therapy is presented.
Randomized, placebo controlled phase I trial of safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and acceptability of tenofovir and tenofovir plus levonorgestrel vaginal rings in women (2018)

To prevent the global health burdens of human immunodeficiency virus [HIV] and unintended/mistimed pregnancies, we developed an intravaginal ring [IVR] that delivers tenofovir [TFV] at ~10mg/day alone or with levonorgestrel [LNG] at ~20g/day for 90 days. We present safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, acceptability and drug release data in healthy women. CONRAD A13-128 was a randomized, placebo controlled phase I study. We screened 86 women; 51 were randomized to TFV, TFV/LNG or placebo IVR [2:2:1] and 50 completed all visits, using the IVR for approximately 15 days. We assessed safety by adverse events, colposcopy, vaginal microbiota, epithelial integrity, mucosal histology and immune cell numbers and phenotype, cervicovaginal [CV] cytokines and antimicrobial proteins and changes in systemic laboratory measurements, and LNG and TFV pharmacokinetics in multiple compartments. TFV pharmacodynamic activity was measured by evaluating CV fluid [CVF] and tissue for antiviral activity using in vitro models. LNG pharmacodynamic assessments were timed based on peak urinary luteinizing hormone levels. All IVRs were safe with no significant colposcopic, mucosal, immune and microbiota changes and were acceptable. Among TFV containing IVR users, median and mean CV aspirate TFV concentrations remained above 100,000 ng/mL 4 hours post IVR insertion and mean
Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of Single-Dose Almorexant, an Orexin Receptor Antagonist, in Healthy Elderly Subjects (2013)

Sleep disorders are common in the elderly population. Orexin receptor antagonism has been proposed as a new sleep-enabling approach to treat insomnia. The tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of ascending single doses of almorexant, a dual orexin receptor antagonist, were investigated in healthy elderly male and female subjects. In this double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled study, each dose (100, 200, and 400 mg) was investigated in a separate group of 12 subjects (almorexant, placebo, and zolpidem 10 mg in an 8:2:2 ratio). Morning doses of almorexant were well tolerated. As expected for sleep-enabling compounds, somnolence and fatigue were frequently reported. Other adverse events included headache and nausea. Muscular weakness was reported at a higher incidence only with the highest almorexant dose. The pharmacokinetic profile of almorexant was characterized by a median time to the maximum concentration of 1.5 hours, quick disposition with a distribution half-life of 1.6 hours, and rapidly decreasing concentrations to approximately 20% of the maximum concentration over 8 hours, with a terminal half-life of 32 hours. Objective pharmacodynamic measures showed decreases in saccadic peak velocity and adaptive tracking performance and increases in body sway with the 400-mg dose of almorexant. Subjective assessments revealed a dose-dependent decrease in alertness. Almorexant had no effects on mood, calmness, subjective internal and external perception, and feeling high. These findings provide a solid basis to study the effects of almorexant in elderly patients with insomnia.
Development of the Wavefront Matching Method Based on the 3-D Finite-Element Method and Its Application to Si-wire Mode Converters (2018)

A fully three-dimensional wavefront matching method (WFM) based on a finite-element scheme for optical waveguide devices including waveguide discontinuities is newly developed. In contrast to the conventional WFM method based on the beam propagation method, the developed method, in principle, can be applied to optimize any geometry including reflection and structural discontinuities. The procedure for renewing refractive index distribution is described in detail. The application for Si-wire mode converters (TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> , TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> , and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> -TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) are demonstrated and ultrasmall structure with low loss is obtained. We designed them to confirm the validity of the developed method. A low-loss and compact waveguide structure was obtained by the developed method automatically.