gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of target size and tissue density on the minimum margin required for random errors (2004)

The minimum margins required to compensate for random geometric uncertainties in the delivery of radiotherapy treatment were determined for a spherical Clinical Target Volume, using an analytic model for the cumulative dose. Margins were calculated such that the minimum dose in the target would be no less than 95% of the prescribed dose for 90% of the patients. The dose distribution model incorporated two Gaussians, and could accurately represent realistic dose profiles for various target sizes in lung and water. It was found that variations in target size and tissue density lead to significant changes in the minimum margin required for random errors. The random error margin increased with tissue density, and decreased with target size. The required margins were similar for dose distributions of spherical and cylindrical symmetry. Significant dose outside the spherical high dose region, as could result from multiple incident beams, lead to an increased margin for the larger targets. We could confirm that the previously proposed margin of 0.7 times the standard deviation of the random errors is safe for standard deviations up to 5 mm, except for very small targets in dense material.
Targeting the Virus with Radioimmunotherapy in Virus-Associated Cancers (2007)

"Virus-associated cancer" (VAC) refers to a cancer where viral infection results in the malignant transformation of the host's infected cells. Examples of viruses linked to cancers are the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), which is associated with lymphomas, as well as nasopharyngeal and breast cancer; hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV), which are both associated with hepatocellular carcinoma; and human papilloma viruses (HPVs), which are associated with cancer of the cervix. We have recently demonstrated that HIV-1-infected cells can be eliminated in vitro and in vivo by targeting viral glycoproteins expressed on the surface of infected cells with radiolabeled viral protein-specific monoclonal antibodies and proposed that this approach can be applicable to the broad range of viral infectious diseases. In VAC, the tumor cells can exhibit viral antigens both internally or on their surfaces. As a result, viral antigens in tumors represent a potential antigenic target that is clearly different from normal tissues. In principle, these proteins could be targeted by radioimmunotherapy (RIT). In this paper, we describe the potential of this approach and review some of the issues involved in the development of this approach. RIT of VAC is fundamentally different from the previously described uses of RIT, which have targeted tumor-associated antigens that are "self" proteins.
Common Surgical Approaches Used in the Microsurgical Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms (2012)

Despite the recent advances in endovascular therapies for intracranial aneurysms, there remains a sizeable fraction of intracranial aneurysms that should be treated with an open transcranial surgery, either because the aneurysm anatomy is not amenable to endovascular therapy, because the young age of the patient demands the more durable long-term solution provided by surgical clipping, or because the surrounding intracerebral hemorrhage and the resultant mass effect require concurrent surgical decompression. It is more important than ever that during this period of evolution of treatment approaches, neurosurgical practitioners maintain their familiarity with techniques for treating aneurysms surgically. Approximately 3-quarters of aneurysms can be approached and treated using 1 of 4 common surgical approaches: the pterional, orbitozygomatic, far lateral, and anterior interhemispheric approaches. This review focuses on the technical details of these 4 approaches.
Oxygen Radicals Mediate Ischemia-Reperfusion-Induced Leukocyte-Endothelial Cell Adhesive Interactions (1993)

A decade ago, we proposed that reactive oxygen metabolites play an important role in mediating the microvascular dysfunction associated with reperfusion of the ischemic small intestine (Granger et al., 1981). In subsequent studies, we attempted to determine the source and identity of the reactive oxygen metabolites that contribute to reperfusion injury in the intestine. The results of our studies and published work from other laboratories suggested that xanthine oxidase is a major source of the superoxide and hydrogen peroxide produced in the postischemic intestine. It was initially held that the superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radicals (formed via the iron-catalyzed Haber-Weiss reaction) produced by xanthine oxidase were directly responsible for the microvascular dysfunction induced by ischemia-reperfusion; however, recent studies from our laboratory indicate that xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants may play a more important role in initiating the formation of substances that attract, activate, and promote the adherence of granulocytes to microvascular endothelium. The adherent and activated granulocytes are now considered to be primary mediators of tissue injury, with xanthine oxidase-derived oxidants contributing to the initiation of the inflammatory response (Fig. 1), (Granger, 1988). In this chapter, we summarize some of the key observations that led to our current view regarding the importance of oxygen radicals in modulating the leukocyte-endothelial cell adhesive interactions elicited by ischemia-reperfusion.
An ultrasensitive peroxidase DNAzyme-associated aptasensor that utilizes a target-triggered enzymatic signal amplification strategy (2011)

By rationally employing enzymes for signal amplification, an ultrasensitive aptasensor was developed and successfully tested in a system designed to detect lysozyme with a detection limit of 0.1 fM. This detection limit is nearly three orders of magnitude lower than those of any previously reported DNAzyme-based aptasensors.
Conditional Random Fields for multi-camera object detection (2011)

We formulate a model for multi-class object detection in a multi-camera environment. From our knowledge, this is the first time that this problem is addressed taken into account different object classes simultaneously. Given several images of the scene taken from different angles, our system estimates the ground plane location of the objects from the output of several object detectors applied at each viewpoint. We cast the problem as an energy minimization modeled with a Conditional Random Field (CRF). Instead of predicting the presence of an object at each image location independently, we simultaneously predict the labeling of the entire scene. Our CRF is able to take into account occlusions between objects and contextual constraints among them. We propose an effective iterative strategy that renders tractable the underlying optimization problem, and learn the parameters of the model with the max-margin paradigm. We evaluate the performance of our model on several challenging multi-camera pedestrian detection datasets namely PETS 2009 [5] and EPFL terrace sequence [9]. We also introduce a new dataset in which multiple classes of objects appear simultaneously in the scene. It is here where we show that our method effectively handles occlusions in the multi-class case.
МОРФОФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА КЛЕТОК ФИБРОБЛАСТИЧЕСКОГО РЯДА ПЕРИТУМОРОЗНОЙ ЗОНЫ ПОЧЕЧНО- КЛЕТОЧНОГО РАКА РАЗНОЙ СТЕПЕНИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННОСТИ (2013)

розной зоне (ПЗ) при раке почки. Материалом для исследования послужил операционный материал от 33 больных почечно-клеточным раком. Применялись гистологический, гистохимический и микроспектрофото-метрический методы исследования. Показано, что морфофункциональная активность фибробластических элементов ПЗ зависела от степени злокачественности опухоли и была наиболее высока в опухолях высоких степеней анаплазии. Морфофункциональная активность фибробластов коррелировала с шириной, степенью выраженности склероза и неоангиогенеза ПЗ рака почки.
Cell-autonomous requirement for ACE2 across organs in lethal mouse SARS-CoV-2 infection (2023)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is the cell-surface receptor for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). While its central role in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis is indisputable, there remains significant debate regarding the role of this transmembrane carboxypeptidase in the disease course. These include the role of soluble versus membrane-bound ACE2, as well as ACE2-independent mechanisms that may contribute to viral spread. Testing these roles requires in vivo models. Here, we report humanized ACE2-floxed mice in which hACE2 is expressed from the mouse Ace2 locus in a manner that confers lethal disease and permits cell-specific, Cre-mediated loss of function, and LSL-hACE2 mice in which hACE2 is expressed from the Rosa26 locus enabling cell-specific, Cre-mediated gain of function. Following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, hACE2-floxed mice experienced lethal cachexia, pulmonary infiltrates, intravascular thrombosis and hypoxemia-hallmarks of severe COVID-19. Cre-mediated loss and gain of hACE2 demonstrate that neuronal infection confers lethal cachexia, hypoxemia, and respiratory failure in the absence of lung epithelial infection. In this series of genetic experiments, we demonstrate that ACE2 is absolutely and cell-autonomously required for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the olfactory epithelium, brain, and lung across diverse cell types. Therapies inhibiting or blocking ACE2 at these different sites are likely to be an effective strategy towards preventing severe COVID-19.
Computation Transport Phenomena in Chemical Engineering. Experiment and Numerical Simulation on the Effect of Solvent on Styrene Polymerization Process Using a Laminar Tubular Reactor. (1997)

ポリマー重合反応に及ぼす溶媒の影響について, 反応器内の物性や転化率の不均一性を考慮した検討を行った.実験では, 壁面を加熱した鉛直円管型の反応器にスチレンモノマー, 溶媒, 重合開始剤を混合した原料を層流で流し, 出口でのポリマー転化率を測定した.その結果, 重合開始剤を含んだ120℃以下での重合反応では, 開始剤を含まない場合と比較して溶媒添加による転化率の低下の割合が小さくなることがわかった.また, 反応器内の液の物性の温度や転化率などに対する依存性および重合反応による発熱を考慮して, 反応を伴う流動・伝熱・物質輸送の数値計算を行うことで, 実験値の傾向がよく説明された.この計算結果から, 溶媒の添加により反応器内の流動状態が変化して, スチレンの滞留時間と転化率の分布に変化が生じることが示された.このことより, 溶媒添加の影響を解析するためには, 反応器内の分布を考慮した輸送現象の評価が重要であることがわかった.
Verification of the lack of correlation between age and longitudinal chromatic aberrations of the human eye from the visible to the infrared (2015)

Several researchers studied the longitudinal chromatic aberration (LCA) of the human eye and observed that it does not change due to age. We measured the LCA of 45 subjects' normal right eyes at three distinct wavelengths (561, 690, and 840 nm) using a Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer (HSWA) while consecutively switching between three light sources for wavefront sensing. We confirmed that the LCA of the human eye does not change due to age between 22 and 57 years.
Types of Articles in <inline-formula><math display="inline" altimg="none" overflow="scroll"><msup><mi>JM</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math></inline-formula> (2005)

The <i>Journal of Micro/Nanopatterning, Materials, and Metrology</i> (JM3) publishes peer-reviewed papers on the core enabling technologies that address the patterning needs of the electronics industry.
Robust Spatial-Sampling Controller Design for Banding Reduction in Electrophotographic Process (2006)

An improved controller design and implementation technique for electrophotographic process (EP) was proposed. The new controller aimed at solving two additional issues for generic EP platforms, i.e., reducing position-dependent or spatially periodic disturbances, and reducing system sensitivity to manufacturing variations in EP engine and consumables. To handle spatially periodic disturbances, a digital repetitive controller was synthesized and implemented using a spatial-sampling scheme. The result is a control algorithm that takes into account the variation of the nominal operating speed. Second, system variations due to manufacturing variations as well as consumable changes were incorporated into the design of a two degree of freedom robust controller. The controller is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the size of the sensitivity function from a set of disturbance signals to a set of measurable signals critical to print quality, e.g., photoconductor drum velocity or scan line spacing. A suitable trade-off between system performance and robustness to system modeling uncertainties was considered in the synthesis and optimization formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed controller design and implementation technique was numerically and experimentally verified. Significant reduction in visible banding was seen in printed images and was verified by reflectance measurement.
Improved flux pinning through Ce–Mg additions in melt textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ (1997)

The effects of Ce-based additions (CeO2 and BaCeO3) in combination with MgO additions on the magnetic properties of melt textured YBa2Cu3O7−δ have been investigated. The additions lead to improvements in the magnetic properties of YBa2Cu3O7−δ compared to samples with either addition alone or with no additions. The Ce–Mg addition combination produces a “peak effect” in the magnetic hysteresis loop without significant Tc degradation. This is postulated to be due to the formation of a new type of pinning center. Both Ce and Mg ions are thought to substitute in the YBa2Cu3O7−δ lattice, creating defects that produce a peak effect in the magnetic hysteresis loop. Mg additions alone lead to a reduced Tc, while Ce additions restore the Tc and enhance the magnitude of the peak.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Transition Metal‐Germanium Compounds. Part 2. Synthesis, Characterization, Structure and Reactivity of Transition‐ Metal Carbonyl‐Substituted Germacyclopent‐3‐enes. (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Human factors and pathways essential for mediating epigenetic gene silencing (2014)

Cellular identity in both normal and disease processes is determined by programmed epigenetic activation or silencing of specific gene subsets. Here, we have used human cells harboring epigenetically silent GFP-reporter genes to perform a genome-wide siRNA knockdown screen for the identification of cellular factors that are required to maintain epigenetic gene silencing. This unbiased screen interrogated 21,121 genes, and we identified and validated a set of 128 protein factors. This set showed enrichment for functional categories, and protein-protein interactions. Among this set were known epigenetic silencing factors, factors with no previously identified role in epigenetic gene silencing, as well as unstudied factors. The set included non-nuclear factors, for example, components of the integrin-adhesome. A key finding was that the E1 and E2 enzymes of the small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) pathway (SAE1, SAE2/UBA2, UBC9/UBE2I) are essential for maintenance of epigenetic silencing. This work provides the first genome-wide functional view of human factors that mediate epigenetic gene silencing. The screen output identifies novel epigenetic factors, networks, and mechanisms, and provides a set of candidate targets for epigenetic therapy and cellular reprogramming.
Appendix C: Summary of MATLAB Scripts, Functions, Examples and Demos (2009)

of MATLAB scripts, functions, examples and demosThis appendix lists script and function M-files available on the companion CD and briefly describes the organization of these M-files and their tasks.These MATLAB programs illustrate examples given in main chapters, implement some adaptive algorithms and demonstrate some important applications.The codes have been developed and tested using MATLAB version 6.5.We use three M-files to illustrate the adaptive algorithms introduced in the book.For example, the LMS algorithm introduced in Section 1.4 is implemented and demonstrated using the following three M-files:The first function, LMSinit, initializes the FIR filter with the LMS algorithm.By default, the tap weights of the adaptive filter are initialized to zeros.The step size and leakage factor can also be set using the LMSinit function.The second function, LMSadapt, performs the actual computation of the LMS algorithm.The script M-file, LMSdemo, is provided as an example to use the LMSinit and LMSdapt functions for solving a system identification problem.The function M-files LMSinit.m and LMSadapt.mare kept in the common folder called Common, which contains commonly used functions and data files, while the demo script M-files, such as LMSdemo.m, are kept in the folder of the respective chapter where the algorithm is introduced.For the case of the LMS algorithm, the demo file can be found in the folder 'Chapter1' of the companion CD.We use the same convention for all the algorithms introduced in the book.To access the MATLAB functions stored in the common folder, we add the following statement in the demo M-files: addpath '..
ATM block transfer capabilities: the special case of ABT/DT (2002)

ATM block transfer with delayed transmission (ABT/DT) is an ATM transfer capability, which is intended to perform statistical multiplexing in ATM networks and which has been standardized in the May 1996 version of ITU-T Recommendation I.371. In ABT/DT, the acceptance for transmission of an ATM block results from an in-call, real-time negotiation between the user and the network and depends on the traffic conditions within the network. This negotiation specifically consists of reserving by means of resource management (RM) cells a certain amount of bandwidth and buffer space within the network. The transfer of a new ATM block starts only when the overall traffic conditions are set. Beyond the description of the ABT/DT service model, this paper gives a rationale for the introduction of ABT/DT and addresses target applications.
New Telechelic Polymers and Sequential Copolymers by Polyfunctional Initiator-Transfer Agents (Inifers) (1985)

A novel semicontinuous cationic polymerization technique has been developed for the synthesis of linear and three-arm star tert.-chloro-telechelic polyisobutylenes by the use of inifers. In this technique a mixed monomer/inifer feed is added at a sufficiently low constant rate to a well stirred dilute BCl3 charge. Stationary conditions are maintained throughout the experiment, and well defined telechelic products of identical (symmetrical) end-group structures, essentially theoretical end functionalities, and close to theoretical molecular weight dispersities are obtained. The polymerization kinetics are discussed and the DPn equation is derived. The number average degree of polymerization is given by the ratio of monomer/inifer addition rate, DPn = AM/AI. The advantages of the semicontinuous technique are demonstrated by preparing telechelic, liquid isobutylene prepolymers at complete monomer conversion. The results obtained by the use of the semicontinuous technique are compared with those obtained in control experiments carried out by conventional batch polymerization which yield products with broad or multimodal molecular weight distributions and less uniform end groups at complete monomer conversion.
Machine learning assisted quantum photonics (2021)

In this talk we will highlight our most recent developments in 1) deep learning assisted optimization of photonic meta-structures and 2) machine learning-based algorithms for quantum photonic applications. We will discuss our studies on implementing deep-learning assisted topology optimization for advanced metasurface design development. We will also outline our recent work on merging topology optimization techniques with quantum device design development for achieving efficient on-chip integration. Finally, we will discuss approaches for implementing a novel convolutional neural network-based technique for real-time material defect metrology and quantum super-resolution microscopy applications.
Palladium-catalyzed reaction of 5-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones. A new access to and reactivity of oxatrimethylenemethane-palladium (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPalladium-catalyzed reaction of 5-methylene-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones. A new access to and reactivity of oxatrimethylenemethane-palladiumKouichi Ohe, Hideki Matsuda, Toshihisa Ishihara, Sensuke Ogoshi, Naoto Chatani, and Shinji MuraiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 5, 1173–1177Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00057a033https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00057a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views903Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts