gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aberrant expression of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase in hepatocytes of chronic hepatitis and differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma. (1998)

We immunohistochemically analyzed the expression of double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) using a monoclonal antibody, 71/10. Test samples included 64 human liver biopsies and 25 liver sections of rats inoculated with diethylnitrosamine. The PKR signals in human fatty livers and normal rat livers were minimum. Scoring signal intensity from 0-4, the average scores of chronic active (14 cases) and chronic persistent (6 cases) hepatitis associated with hepatitis virus C (HCV) were 2.8 and 2.0, respectively (P = 0.038). The stained cells were significantly more abundant in the periportal than centrilobular regions for both chronic active and persistent hepatitis (P < 0.001 each). The average score of liver cirrhosis associated with HCV was 1.9. Those scores of well-, moderately, and poorly differentiated hepatocellular carcinomas associated with HCV were 3.4, 2.1, and 0.3, respectively (P < 0.001 for each pair). Those scores of well- and poorly differentiated carcinomas associated with hepatitis virus B were 2.3 and 0.0, respectively (P < 0.001). The average score of rat carcinomas induced by diethylnitrosamine was 1.9. Morphologically, nuclei of the vast majority of PKR-positive cells looked not apoptotic. The ratio of PKR-positive cells to apoptotic cells by terminal transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling method was approximately 20 in hepatitis, and over 100 in well-differentiated carcinoma.
Advertising Tunnelling Capability in IS-IS (2016)

Some networks use tunnels for a variety of reasons. A large variety of
tunnel types are defined and the ingress needs to select a type of
tunnel which is supported by the egress. This document defines how to
advertise egress tunnel capabilities in IS-IS Router Capability TLV.
Effect of RNA concentration on cDNA synthesis for DNA amplification. (1992)

DNA amplification utilizing the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has greatly enhanced the ability to detect the presence of rare mRNA species in cells. By employing specific sense and antisense oligonucleotide primers with thermostable DNA polymerase, PCR allows amplification of target sequences by several log orders of magnitude. (l'z) This technique is being used increasingly to quantify rare mRNA species from cells. (3-6) In these studies, it is critical that the initial cDNA synthesis step be well controlled and optimized to produce a uniform substrate for amplification. We have examined RNA concentration in the initial cDNA synthesis reaction to optimize it for PCR amplification of both high-and low-abundance messages.
Neutralizing antibody VRC01 failed to select for HIV-1 mutations upon viral rebound (2020)

Infusion of the broadly neutralizing antibody VRC01 has been evaluated in individuals chronically infected with HIV-1. Here, we studied how VRC01 infusions affected viral rebound after cessation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in 18 acutely treated and durably suppressed individuals. Viral rebound occurred in all individuals, yet VRC01 infusions modestly delayed rebound and participants who showed a faster decay of VRC01 in serum rebounded more rapidly. Participants with strains most sensitive to VRC01 or with VRC01 epitope motifs similar to known VRC01-susceptible strains rebounded later. Upon rebound, HIV-1 sequences were indistinguishable from those sampled at diagnosis. Across the cohort, participant-derived Env showed different sensitivity to VRC01 neutralization (including 2 resistant viruses), yet neutralization sensitivity was similar at diagnosis and after rebound, indicating the lack of selection for VRC01 resistance during treatment interruption. Our results showed that viremia rebounded despite the absence of HIV-1 adaptation to VRC01 and an average VRC01 trough of 221 μg/mL. Although VRC01 levels were insufficient to prevent a resurgent infection, knowledge that they did not mediate Env mutations in acute-like viruses is relevant for antibody-based strategies in acute infection.
Genomic Epidemiology ofVibrio choleraeO1 Associated with Floods, Pakistan, 2010 (2013)

In August 2010, Pakistan experienced major floods and a subsequent cholera epidemic. To clarify the population dynamics and transmission of Vibrio cholerae in Pakistan, we sequenced the genomes of all V. cholerae O1 El Tor isolates and compared the sequences to a global collection of 146 V. cholerae strains. Within the global phylogeny, all isolates from Pakistan formed 2 new subclades (PSC-1 and PSC-2), lying in the third transmission wave of the seventh-pandemic lineage that could be distinguished by signature deletions and their antimicrobial susceptibilities. Geographically, PSC-1 isolates originated from the coast, whereas PSC-2 isolates originated from inland areas flooded by the Indus River. Single-nucleotide polymorphism accumulation analysis correlated river flow direction with the spread of PSC-2. We found at least 2 sources of cholera in Pakistan during the 2010 epidemic and illustrate the value of a global genomic data bank in contextualizing cholera outbreaks.
A highly conspicuous mineralized composite photonic architecture in the translucent shell of the blue-rayed limpet (2015)

Many species rely on diverse selections of entirely organic photonic structures for the manipulation of light and the display of striking colours. Here we report the discovery of a mineralized hierarchical photonic architecture embedded within the translucent shell of the blue-rayed limpet Patella pellucida. The bright colour of the limpet's stripes originates from light interference in a periodically layered zig-zag architecture of crystallographically co-oriented calcite lamellae. Beneath the photonic multilayer, a disordered array of light-absorbing particles provides contrast for the blue colour. This unique mineralized manifestation of a synergy of two distinct optical elements at specific locations within the continuum of the limpet's translucent protective shell ensures the vivid shine of the blue stripes, which can be perceived under water from a wide range of viewing angles. The stripes' reflection band coincides with the spectral range of minimal light absorption in sea water, raising intriguing questions regarding their functional significance.
1240. Persistence of Circulating Antibody Through 12 Months Following Vaccination With a 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Adults 60–64 Years of Age (2020)

Abstract Background While widespread use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) has reduced disease burden, expanding serotype coverage remains an unmet need in disease prevention. The 20-valent PCV (PCV20) contains capsular polysaccharide conjugates from serotypes included in the 13-valent PCV (PCV13; Prevnar 13®) as well as 7 additional serotypes. In a phase 2 study of PCV20 in adults 60–64 years of age, robust immune responses were observed at 1 month after vaccination; antibody persistence up to 12 months after vaccination from that study is described herein. Methods In this randomized, active-controlled, double-blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03313037), adults aged 60–64 years received a single PCV20 dose followed 1 month later by saline placebo or PCV13 followed 1 month later by 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23), which provided benchmarks for all PCV20 serotypes. Immunogenicity was assessed at baseline and at 1 and 12 months after vaccination as serotype-specific opsonophagocytic activity (OPA) geometric mean titers (GMTs) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) geometric mean concentrations (GMCs). OPA and IgG geometric mean fold rises (GMFRs) from baseline to 12 months after vaccination were assessed. Results In the PCV20 group, OPA GMTs (n=185–200 at Month 12) for all PCV20 serotypes increased substantially from baseline to 1 month after vaccination and then declined by Month 12 but remained elevated above baseline. OPA GMFRs from baseline to Month 12 after PCV20 vaccination were 1.9–15.0 for the serotypes in common with PCV13 and 5.6–15.6 for the 7 additional serotypes. Similar results were observed for IgG concentrations, with GMFRs of 2.4–9.4 for the PCV13 serotypes and 3.0–15.5 for the 7 additional serotypes. At Month 12, 11 months after PPSV23 vaccination (n=162–195), OPA GMFRs were 5.3–11.5 for the 7 additional serotypes; IgG GMFRs were 5.0–10.4. Benchmarking to PCV13 serotypes in the control group was not appropriate as these subjects received both PCV13 and PPSV23, which overlap in polysaccharide composition for 12 serotypes. Conclusion Immune responses induced by PCV20 persisted at 12 months after vaccination in adults 60–64 years of age, further supporting the potential of PCV20 to expand serotype protection against adult pneumococcal disease. Disclosures Mariano Young Jr., MD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Daniel Scott, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Michael W. Pride, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Ingrid L. Scully, PhD, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) John Ginis, BS, Pfizer Inc (Employee, Shareholder) Yahong Peng, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Kathrin U. Jansen, PhD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) William C. Gruber, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder) Wendy Watson, MD, Pfizer (Employee, Shareholder)
Microwave Synthesis of Highly Aligned Ultra Narrow Semiconductor Rods and Wires [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2006, 128, 2790−2791]. (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionMicrowave Synthesis of Highly Aligned Ultra Narrow Semiconductor Rods and Wires [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2006, 128, 2790−2791].Asit Baran Panda, Garry Glaspell, and M. Samy El-ShallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 12, 4203Publication Date (Web):February 20, 2008Publication History Published online20 February 2008Published inissue 1 March 2008https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja8003717https://doi.org/10.1021/ja8003717correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2008 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views866Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (143 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Photoinduced energy transfer across non-covalent bonds in the nanoscale: cyclodextrin hosts with enhanced luminescent properties for guest communication (2009)

Two photoactive cyclodextrin hosts have been prepared and studied in participation on photophysical processes, one with a ruthenium tris(bipyridyl) core which forms a trimeric host and the other with an appended anthracene unit. An acetylide functionalized bipyridyl cyclodextrin, , was prepared by palladium coupling of mono-6-propargyl permethylated beta-CD and 4-bromo-2,2'-bipyridine. The ruthenium complex, [Ru(3)]Cl(2), shows luminescence from the (3)MLCT centered at 650 nm with a quantum yield of 0.044 and a lifetime at room temperature of 1.1 micros in aerated aqueous solution. The enhanced luminescence properties have been attributed to extra delocalisation afforded by the three propargyl units appended to the complex and the stabilization of the MLCT state. An anthracene functionalised cyclodextrin was prepared from mono-6-O-p-toluenesulfonyl permethylated beta-cyclodextrin and 9-anthracene methanol. It shows fluorescence at room temperature with a maximum at 400 nm with a lifetime of 7 ns. Transient absorption spectroscopy has been used to elucidate the excited state properties of [Ru(3)]Cl(2) and hosts. A broad band centered around 600 nm in the [Ru(3)]Cl(2) transient spectrum corresponds to the absorption of the pi-radical anion of the ethynyl fragment of ligand and in a signal at 595 nm was observed, corresponding to the absorption of the anthracene excited singlet state. We used a bisadamantyl guest to assemble the two hosts and studied the energy transfer from the ruthenium core to the anthracene unit by steady state emission spectroscopy. The photoinduced energy transfer process in assemblies of host with ruthenium or osmium metalloguests, [Ru(biptpy)(tpy)](NO(3))(2) and [Os(biptpy)(tpy)](NO(3))(2), was studied by femtosecond transient spectroscopy and steady state emission spectroscopy. The singlet state of the anthracene pendant unit acted as a donor to the MLCT of the Ru(II) or Os(II) metalloguests. An energy transfer rate from the singlet anthracene excited state to the (1)MLCT of the ruthenium centre of 4.8 x 10(8) s(-1) was estimated in the case of the ruthenium guest. The photoinduced triplet energy transfer ( approximately 6 x 10(6) s(-1)) from a longer lived luminescent guest Rubph to the anthracene unit was studied by transient absorption spectroscopy.
Language integrated query (2006)

.NET Language Integrated Query (LINQ) is based on the philosophy that querying should be native to your object-oriented programming language. LINQ allows you to write queries in a uniform way in your programming language itself, taking full advantage of strong typing and tool support. Any data source provider can plug into the LINQ framework, allowing it to be queried from within any .NET programming language in a strongly typed, uniform way. This demo focuses on querying in C#. We show the strongly typed querying experience across in-memory collections, relational databases and XML documents.
Critical current (I<inf>CRIT</inf>) based SPICE model extraction for SRAM cell (2008)

Critical currents (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CRIT</sub> ) extracted from the N-curves of a 6-T SRAM bit cell have been shown in recent research to be important and effective figures of merit for the cell¿s stability and write-ability. SPICE models of cell transistors, therefore, not only need to fit closely to individual transistor¿s I-V characteristics, but also faithfully reproduce I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CRIT</sub> s¿ behavior of the cell as a whole. A branch current analysis is performed to reveal individual transistors¿ impact on I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CRIT</sub> s¿ and their key bias regions. Based on the insight from the analysis, an efficient SPICE model extraction flow is proposed that enables decoupled fine tuning of the pass-gate, pull-down, and pull-up transistor models to achieve satisfactory fit to I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CRIT</sub> s without model extraction iterations.
Strategies toward optimization of the metabolism of a series of serotonin-4 partial agonists: investigation of azetidines as piperidine isosteres (2016)

1.The first generation 5HT-4 partial agonist, 4-{4-[4-Tetrahydrofuran-3-yloxy)-benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yloxymethyl]-piperidin-1-ylmethyl}-tetrahydropyran-4-ol, PF-4995274 (TBPT), was metabolized to N-dealkylated (M1) and an unusual, cyclized oxazolidine (M2) metabolites. M1 and M2 demonstrated pharmacological activity at 5HT receptor subtypes warranting further investigation into their dispositional properties in humans; M2 was a minor component in vitro but was the pre-dominant metabolite identified in human plasma. 2.To shift metabolism away from the piperidine ring of TBPT, a series of heterocyclic replacements were designed, synthesized, and profiled. Groups including azetidines, pyrrolidines, as well as functionalized piperidines were evaluated with the goal of identifying an alternative group that maintained the desired potency, functional activity, and reduced turnover in human hepatocytes. 3.Activities of 4-substituted piperidines or pyrrolidine analogs at the pharmacological target were not significantly altered, but the same metabolic pathways of N-dealkylation and oxazolidine formation were still observed. Altering these to bridged ring systems lowered oxazolidine metabolite formation, but not N-dealkylation. 4.The effort concluded with identification of azetidines as second-generation 5HT<sub>4</sub> partial agonists. These were neither metabolized via N-dealkylation nor converted to cyclized oxazolidine metabolites rather oxidized on the isoxazole ring. The use of azetidine as a replacement for aliphatic aza-heterocyclic rings in drug design to alter drug metabolism and pharmacology is discussed.
Endovascular Edge-to-Edge Mitral Valve Repair (2003)

This study demonstrates for the first time that an endovascular system can be successfully used to perform the edge-to-edge repair technique in a nondiseased porcine model. This technique is potentially applicable as a percutaneous catheterization laboratory procedure for the treatment of mitral regurgitation in humans.
Zinc Ions Trigger Conformational Change and Oligomerization of Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Protein (2004)

Assembly of virus particles in infected cells is likely to be a tightly regulated process. Previously, we found that in vitro assembly of hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid protein is highly dependent on protein and NaCl concentration. Here we show that micromolar concentrations of Zn2+ are sufficient to initiate assembly of capsid protein, whereas other mono- and divalent cations elicited assembly only at millimolar concentrations, similar to those required for NaCl-induced assembly. Altered intrinsic protein fluorescence and highly cooperative binding of at least four Zn2+ ions (KD approximately 7 microM) indicated that binding induced a conformational change in capsid protein. At 37 degrees C, Zn2+ enhanced the initial rate of assembly and produced normal capsids, but it did not alter the extent of assembly at equilibrium. Assembly mediated by high zinc concentrations (> or =300 microM) yielded few capsids but produced a population of oligomers recognized by capsid-specific antibodies, suggesting a kinetically trapped assembly reaction. Comparison of kinetic simulations to in vitro assembly reactions leads us to suggest that kinetic trapping was due to the enhancement of the nucleation rate relative to the elongation rate. Zinc-induced HBV assembly has hallmarks of an allosterically regulated process: ligand binding at one site influences binding at other sites (cooperativity) indicating that binding is associated with conformational change, and binding of ligand alters the biological activity of assembly. We conclude that zinc binding enhances the kinetics of assembly by promoting formation of an intermediate that is readily consumed in the reaction. Free zinc ions may not be the true in vivo activator of assembly, but they provide a model for regulation of assembly.
Transparent CPU-GPU collaboration for data-parallel kernels on heterogeneous systems (2013)

In Simultaneous Multi-Threading (SMT) chip multiprocessors (CMPs), thread placement is performed today in a largely power-unaware manner. For example, consolidation of active threads into fewer cores exposes opportunities for power savings that have not been addressed in prior work. The savings opportunity is especially high in the emerging context where percore power gating (PCPG) is becoming viable. The use of the optimum combination of core-wise SMT level and number of active cores to achieve a desired power-performance efficiency is a knob which has not been explored in prior work nor implemented as part of the operating system task scheduler.
Linking nanotechnology to gigawatts: Creating building blocks for smart PV modules (2010)

Abstract Cost reduction, expressed commonly as a unit cost/W p on the level of solar cells, PV modules and systems, is the overarching theme of the major part of worldwide activities in the field of photovoltaics. Obviously, this is the condition sine qua non to be met for reaching economical viability of solar photovoltaic energy. We already outlined 1 earlier that a number of nanotechnologies developed for advanced Si‐based nanoscale CMOS transistors might also be very useful for the race toward crystalline Si solar cells with higher efficiency and lower cost. The focus on this cost parameter might, however, obscure the growing need to add more functionality to the PV system if photovoltaic energy is to play an important role in the electricity generation scenarios of the future 2 . In the view of the authors much of this added functionality could be integrated at the module or even within the module by using a number of microscale and nanoscale technologies. This added functionality on PV‐module level might in first instance aim at an increase of energy yield by adding electronic components allowing to minimize the effect of shadowing losses by allowing a certain degree of reconfigurability of the PV module. Eventually, this might also reach out further by integrating the DC–AC inverter with the module (allowing to reduce DC losses) and in the end even other components integrating control and interaction functions with the electricity grid. In this paper we describe the philosophy behind the concept of the “Smart PV module” as well as two crucial technologies to realize this concept: the embedding technology for cells and components in the so‐called U module and the development of a low‐cost technology for reliable high‐power components based on GaN‐on‐Si, enabling the high‐frequency switching transistors in the DC–DC or DC–AC converters or the low‐loss switches in a “reconfigurable” U module. Besides the well‐spread conviction that nanotechnological aspects will lead to advances in terms of solar cell performance and lower cell costs, the message which we would like to convey is the fact that the development of miniaturized components using advances in micro‐ and nanotechnology are also very likely to affect the development of the “smart PV module” concept, providing ground for the statement “linking nanoscale to gigawatts.” Copyright © 2010 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Acoustic technologies for observing the interior of the Arctic Ocean (2009)

Operational monitoring and forecasting system for global and regional oceans, including the Arctic, combines observations from different satellite remote sensing techniques and in-situ open ocean measurements with ocean circulation models through advanced assimilation techniques. Satellites can sufficiently monitor changes in surface properties of the polar oceans, while the interior of the ocean is poorly observed since the water mass is opaque to electromagnetic waves and Argo floats cannot yet be used in the Arctic. Correspondingly, the internal of the Arctic Ocean is not monitored on a systematic basis, and this represents a significant gap in the Global Ocean Observing System. It is recommended to design and implement a cost-efficient, multi-purpose acoustic infrastructure for ocean acoustic tomography, navigation/positioning of gliders and floats under ice, and monitoring of ambient noise and marine mammals.