gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automated ensemble segmentation of epithelial proliferation, necrosis, and fibrosis using scatter tumor imaging (2010)

Conventional imaging systems used today in surgical settings rely on contrast enhancement based on color and intensity and they are not sensitive to morphology changes at the microscopic level. Elastic light scattering spectroscopy has been shown to distinguish ultra-structural changes in tissue. Therefore, it could provide this intrinsic contrast being enormously useful in guiding complex surgical interventions. Scatter parameters associated with epithelial proliferation, necrosis and fibrosis in pancreatic tumors were previously estimated in a quantitative manner. Subtle variations were encountered across the distinct diagnostic categories. This work proposes an automated methodology to correlate these variations with their corresponding tumor morphologies. A new approach based on the aggregation of the predictions of K-nearest neighbors (kNN) algorithm and Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) has been developed. The major benefit obtained from the combination of the distinct classifiers is a significant increase in the number of pixel localizations whose corresponding tissue type is reliably assured. Pseudo-color diagnosis images are provided showing a strong correlation with sample segmentations performed by a veterinary pathologist.
Ein Quadratsäure‐bis(amidin) und ein Tetraaza‐binaphthylen: Synthese und Reaktionen (1977)

Abstract Als Vertreter der bisher unbekannten Quadratsäure‐bis(amidine) und ihrer Dikationen werden 5a, b bzw. 19 synthetisiert. Edukt ist das 1,3‐Diamid 16 , während sich das isomere 1,2‐Diamid 7 und seine Derivate 8 und 10 nicht zu 5 kondensieren. 5a wird glatt zum Tetraaza‐binaphthylen (Cyclobutadichinoxalin) 18 Ox oxidiert, das sich reversibel reduzieren läßt unter Einschaltung des sehr stabilen Radikalanions 18 Sem ( K Sem = 10 15 ). 5b wird zweistufig oxidiert ( K Sem = 10 11 ). Das Dikation 19 läßt sich elektrochemisch nur irreversibel reduzieren.
Correction: The Impact of Macronutrients on Retinal Microvasculature among Singapore Pregnant Women during the Mid-Late Gestation (2016)

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160704.].
Antiparasitic Activity of Fluorophenyl-Substituted Pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazoles (2023)

A series of fourteen pyrimido[1,2-<i>a</i>]benzimidazole compounds was prepared by straightforward heterocyclic chemistry and oxidation methods. The new pyrimidobenzimidazole derivative <b>2a</b> with a 3-fluorophenyl substituent was identified as a new antiparasitic compound showing excellent activities against <i>Leishmania major</i> parasites. <b>2a</b> was highly active against <i>L. major</i> promastigotes and amastigotes with EC<sub>50</sub> values in the nanomolar concentration range. Compound <b>3b</b> was less active than <b>2a</b> against <i>L. major</i>, but more active against <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> with considerable selectivity. Hence, two promising and selective antiparasitic drug candidates <b>2a</b> and <b>3b</b> for the treatment of two parasitic diseases were identified, which can be prepared by green chemistry methods using simple one-pot reactions and oxidation procedures, respectively.
Software Reliability Control using Statistical Usage Testing (2016)

Software reliability is a frequently used term, but very seldom the reliability is under control, at least not in quantitative terms, during a software development project. This paper outlines a method, Statistical Usage Testing (SUT), which provides the opportu-nity to estimate and predict, and hence control software reliability. SUT is the reliabil-ity certification method described as a part of Cleanroom software engineering. The main objective of SUT is to certify the software reliability and to find the faults with high influence on reliability. SUT provides statistically based stopping rules during test as well as an effective use of test resources, which is shown by practical application of this and similar methods. This paper presents the basic ideas behind SUT and some of the current research being conducted in this area at the department of Communication
Protein Kinase Cδ-Mediated Phosphorylation of Phospholipase D Controls Integrin-Mediated Cell Spreading (2010)

Integrin signaling plays critical roles in cell adhesion, spreading, and migration, and it is generally accepted that to regulate these integrin functions accurately, localized actin remodeling is required. However, the molecular mechanisms that control the targeting of actin regulation molecules to the proper sites are unknown. We previously demonstrated that integrin-mediated cell spreading and migration on fibronectin are dependent on the localized activation of phospholipase D (PLD). However, the mechanism underlying PLD activation by integrin is largely unknown. Here we demonstrate that protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) is required for integrin-mediated PLD signaling. After integrin stimulation, PKCδ is activated and translocated to the edges of lamellipodia, where it colocalizes with PLD2. The abrogation of PKCδ activity inhibited integrin-induced PLD activation and cell spreading. Finally, we show that Thr566 of PLD2 is directly phosphorylated by PKCδ and that PLD2 mutation in this region prevents PLD2 activation, PLD2 translocation to the edge of lamellipodia, Rac translocation, and cell spreading after integrin activation. Together, these results suggest that PKCδ is a primary regulator of integrin-mediated PLD activation via the direct phosphorylation of PLD, which is essential for directing integrin-induced cell spreading.
Transient analysis of a bimodal pellet bed reactor system (1995)

This paper details an investigation of the thermal and reactivity responses of the Bimodal Pellet Bed Reactor (BM‐PeBR) as the operation mode. Results showed the BM‐PeBR is load‐following, hence no additional external control is needed as the operation is changed from the power to the power and propulsion mode of operation. The increase in reactor thermal power and propulsion mode, as a result of the inherent negative temperature reactivity feedback, is sufficient to achieve reasonable propulsion performance, without external control. Increasing the maximum fuel temperature during steady‐state power mode of operation, enhances the propulsion performance of the system. When the steady‐state maximum fuel temperature in the power mode is 1800 K, at a hydrogen flow rate of 10.0 g/s in the power and propulsion mode, the reactor thermal power increases from 178 to 354.8 kW, and the system delivers as much as 70.4 N of thrust and 718 s of Isp.
Synthetic Aperture Radar Height of Focus (2021)

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) projects a 3-D scene’s reflectivity into a 2-D image. In doing so, it generally focusses the image to a surface, usually a ground plane. Consequently, scatterers above or below the focal/ground plane typically exhibit some degree of distortion manifesting as a geometric distortion and misfocusing or smearing. Limits to acceptable misfocusing define a Height of Focus (HOF), analogous to Depth of Field in optical systems. This may be exacerbated by the radar’s flightpath during the synthetic aperture data collection. It might also be exploited for target height estimation and offer insight to other height estimation techniques.
Spectral Cauchy characteristic extraction of strain, news and gravitational radiation flux (2016)

We present a new approach for the Cauchy-characteristic extraction (CCE) of gravitational radiation strain, news function, and the flux of the energy–momentum, supermomentum and angular momentum associated with the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs asymptotic symmetries. In CCE, a characteristic evolution code takes numerical data on an inner worldtube supplied by a Cauchy evolution code, and propagates it outwards to obtain the space–time metric in a neighborhood of null infinity. The metric is first determined in a scrambled form in terms of coordinates determined by the Cauchy formalism. In prior treatments, the waveform is first extracted from this metric and then transformed into an asymptotic inertial coordinate system. This procedure provides the physically proper description of the waveform and the radiated energy but it does not generalize to determine the flux of angular momentum or supermomentum. Here we formulate and implement a new approach which transforms the full metric into an asymptotic inertial frame and provides a uniform treatment of all the radiation fluxes associated with the asymptotic symmetries. Computations are performed and calibrated using the spectral Einstein code.
Khatyrka, a new CV3 find from the Koryak Mountains, Eastern Russia (2013)

Abstract A new meteorite find, named Khatyrka, was recovered from eastern Siberia as a result of a search for naturally occurring quasicrystals. The meteorite occurs as clastic grains within postglacial clay‐rich layers along the banks of a small stream in the Koryak Mountains, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug of far eastern Russia. Some of the grains are clearly chondritic and contain Type IA porphyritic olivine chondrules enclosed in matrices that have the characteristic platy olivine texture, matrix olivine composition, and mineralogy (olivine, pentlandite, nickel‐rich iron‐nickel metal, nepheline, and calcic pyroxene [diopside‐hedenbergite solid solution]) of oxidized‐subgroup CV 3 chondrites. A few grains are fine‐grained spinel‐rich calcium‐aluminum‐rich inclusions with mineral oxygen isotopic compositions again typical of such objects in CV 3 chondrites. The chondritic and CAI grains contain small fragments of metallic copper‐aluminum‐iron alloys that include the quasicrystalline phase icosahedrite. One grain is an achondritic intergrowth of Cu‐Al metal alloys and forsteritic olivine ± diopsidic pyroxene, both of which have meteoritic ( CV 3‐like) oxygen isotopic compositions. Finally, some grains consist almost entirely of metallic alloys of aluminum + copper ± iron. The Cu‐Al‐Fe metal alloys and the alloy‐bearing achondrite clast are interpreted to be an accretionary component of what otherwise is a fairly normal CV 3 (oxidized) chondrite. This association of CV 3 chondritic grains with metallic copper‐aluminum alloys makes Khatyrka a unique meteorite, perhaps best described as a complex CV 3 (ox) breccia.
Nondegenerate Two- and Three-Photon Nonlinearities in Semiconductors (2016)

Two-photon absorption, 2PA, in semiconductors is enhanced by two orders of magnitude due to intermediate-state resonance enhancement, ISRE, for very nondegenerate (ND) photon energies. Associated with this enhancement in loss is enhancement of the nonlinear refractive index, n2. Even larger enhancement of three-photon absorption is calculated and observed. These large nonlinearities have implications for applications including ND two-photon gain and twophoton semiconductor lasers. Calculations for enhancement of ND-2PA in quantum wells is also presented showing another order of magnitude increase in 2PA. Potential devices include room temperature gated infrared detectors for LIDAR and all-optical switches.
Frontal Intermittent Rhythmic Delta Activity Is a Useful Diagnostic Tool of Neurotoxicity After CAR T-Cell Infusion (2023)

This study provides Class III evidence that FIRDA on spot EEG accurately distinguishes patients with ICANS compared with those without after CAR T-cell therapy for hematologic malignancy.
Nanowiring of the Catalytic Site of Novel Molecular Enzyme−Metal Hybrids to Electrodes (2007)

Directed deposition of silver on the surface of single, soluble enzyme molecules was made possible by controlled conjugation of new silver-reducing moieties to the surface of the enzyme molecule and their reaction with silver ions. Molecular enzyme−silver hybrids carrying low or high crystalline silver deposited on their surface were obtained, retaining their solubility and enzymatic activity. The feasibility of “wiring” of the active site of glucose oxidase−silver hybrid thus obtained to platinum electrode was readily demonstrated enabling glucose determination in the absence of oxygen.
Modeling of Plug-In Series Hybrid Powertrain for USPS Carrier Route Vehicle (2007)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Postal delivery vehicles provide an excellent opportunity for using electric propulsion, since the number of miles driven daily on the delivery route is established and consistent. The vehicles also return nightly to a central depot so charging infrastructure is not an issue as long as the vehicles have sufficient charge to complete the routes. The United States Postal Service has evaluated electric vehicles for postal carrier route vehicles several times. The latest trial concluded in 2001. During the test of electric postal carrier route vehicles, the range was usually adequate for the delivery route; however there were a few instances of vehicles having to be retrieved because they had exhausted their batteries. This paper describes a series hybrid electric vehicle that addresses range issues with an on-board internal combustion engine powered generator to extend vehicle range.&lt;/div&gt;
Studies on peptides. CXLIX Solid-phase synthesis of a rabbit stomach peptide by application of a new polymer support and a new deprotecting procedure. (1987)

A newly found rabbit stomach peptide, H-Pyr-Val-Asp-Pro-Asn-Ile-Gln-Ala-OH, was synthesized by the solid-phase method. A new polymer support, cross-linked polystyrene-polypropylene composite fiber (IONEX), was employed to facilitate multiple washing processes in chain elongation reactions. β-Cycloheptyl aspartate, Asp (OChp), was employed for the first time in this solid-phase peptide synthesis. In the final step of the synthesis, the peptide was cleaved from the resin, together with other protecting groups employed, by treatment with 1 M trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate thioanisole in trifluoroacetic acid. The deprotected peptide was found to be identical with the sample obtained from the natural source.
Analysis of flexible structured fuzzy logic controllers (1994)

We suggest a new approach to the construction of fuzzy logic controllers based upon the selection of systems parameters. We first show that the standard fuzzy logic controllers have four basic operations which determine the nature of their functioning, the aggregation process used to combine individual antecedent firing levels to give a rule firing level, the determination of rule output based on antecedent firing level, the aggregation of individual rule outputs to find combined output, and the defuzzification process. The next show how we can parameterize these operations using S-OWA operators. These parameterized models give us a new class of flexible structured fuzzy logic controllers (FS-FLC). We look at the structure and performance of these controllers. We then suggest that one can improve the structure of fuzzy logic controllers by learning the values of the parameters introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Alveolar epithelial differentiation of human induced pluripotent stem cells in a rotating bioreactor (2020)

Traditional stem cell differentiation protocols make use of a variety of cytokines including growth factors (GFs) and inhibitors in an effort to provide appropriate signals for tissue specific differentiation. In this study, iPSC-derived type II pneumocytes (iPSC-ATII) as well as native isolated human type II pneumocytes (hATII) were differentiated toward a type I phenotype using a unique air–liquid interface (ALI) system that relies on a rotating apparatus that mimics in vivo respiratory conditions. A relatively homogenous population of alveolar type II-like cells from iPSC was first generated (iPSC-ATII cells), which had phenotypic properties similar to mature human alveolar type II cells. iPSC-ATII cells were then cultured in a specially designed rotating culture apparatus. The effectiveness of the ALI bioreactor was compared with the effectiveness of small molecule-based differentiation of type II pneumocytes toward type 1 pneumocytes. The dynamics of differentiation were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry. iPSC-ATII and hATII cells cultured in the ALI bioreactor had higher levels of type I markers, including aquaporin-5(AQ5), caveolin-1, and T1α, at both the RNA and protein levels as compared with the flask-grown iPSC-ATII and hATII that had been treated with small molecules to induce differentiation. In summary, this study demonstrates that a rotating bioreactor culture system that provides an air–liquid interface is a potent inducer of type I epithelial differentiation for both iPS-ATII cells and hATII cells, and provides a method for large-scale production of alveolar epithelium for tissue engineering and drug discovery.
Observation of Narrow linewidth Beat Signal for Millimeter Wave Generation using MZM-Based Flat Comb Generator (2010)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text I. Morohashi, T. Sakamoto, H. Sotobayashi, T. Kawanishi, and I. Hosako, "Observation of Narrow linewidth Beat Signal for Millimeter Wave Generation using MZM-Based Flat Comb Generator," in National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference, OSA Technical Digest (CD) (Optica Publishing Group, 2010), paper JWA13. Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
A regional convolution kernel algorithm for scatter correction in dual‐energy images: Comparison to single‐kernel algorithms (1994)

Single kernel scatter correction algorithms are based on the model that the scatter field can be predicted by convolution of the primary intensity (Iprim) with a spatially invariant scatter point-spread function (PSF). Practical limitations (Iprim unknown) suggest the substitution of the total detected intensity (Idet) for Iprim as the source image in the convolution. In regions of high scatter fraction (SF), Idet is a poor approximation of Iprim, thereby causing an overestimation of scatter originating in the region. This contributes to errors in estimating detected scatter in the mediastinum and neighboring regions. A technique using a regionally variable point-spread function that significantly reduces RMS error in estimation of the primary image as compared to the single PSF method is investigated. The regionally variable convolution method employs a larger PSF in the mediastinum and a smaller PSF in the lungs to reduce the error in estimating the scatter throughout the image. The method to allow for patient differences has also been expanded and various implementations of these methods have been compared. Results show that the dual-kernel algorithm is always more effective than an equivalent single-kernel algorithm. The dual-kernel algorithm using a predicted scatter fraction curve gives an overall RMS error in the primary of as low as 20.8% which is equivalent to 8.7% RMS error in the scatter. The dual-kernel method using a predicted scatter fraction curve approaches the accuracy of the single-kernel method using patient specific scatter measurements. Because using individual scatter measurements is a less desirable method for clinical use, we feel that the dual-kernel algorithm which uses two regions specific convolution kernels and a variable scatter fraction curve is the preferable method.
Detection of the HIV-1 Accessory Proteins Nef and Vpu by Flow Cytometry Represents a New Tool to Study Their Functional Interplay within a Single Infected CD4 + T Cell (2022)

The HIV-1 Nef and Vpu accessory proteins are known to protect infected cells from antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) responses by limiting exposure of CD4-induced (CD4i) envelope (Env) epitopes at the cell surface. Although both proteins target the host receptor CD4 for degradation, the extent of their functional redundancy is unknown. Here, we developed an intracellular staining technique that permits the intracellular detection of both Nef and Vpu in primary CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells by flow cytometry. Using this method, we show that the combined expression of Nef and Vpu predicts the susceptibility of HIV-1-infected primary CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells to ADCC by HIV+ plasma. We also show that Vpu cannot compensate for the absence of Nef, thus providing an explanation for why some infectious molecular clones that carry a LucR reporter gene upstream of Nef render infected cells more susceptible to ADCC responses. Our method thus represents a new tool to dissect the biological activity of Nef and Vpu in the context of other host and viral proteins within single infected CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. <b>IMPORTANCE</b> HIV-1 Nef and Vpu exert several biological functions that are important for viral immune evasion, release, and replication. Here, we developed a new method allowing simultaneous detection of these accessory proteins in their native form together with some of their cellular substrates. This allowed us to show that Vpu cannot compensate for the lack of a functional Nef, which has implications for studies that use Nef-defective viruses to study ADCC responses.
Atomization and vaporization characteristics of airblast fuel injection inside a venturi tube (1993)

This paper describes the experimental and numerical characterization of the capillary fuel injection, atomization, dispersion, and vaporization of liquid fuel in a coflowing air stream inside a single venturi tube. The experimental techniques used are all laser-based. Phase Doppler analyzer was used to characterize the atomization and vaporization process. Planar laser-induced fluorescence visualizations give good qualitative picture of the fuel droplet and vapor distribution. Limited quantitative capabilities of the technique are also demonstrated. A modified version of the KIVA-II was used to simulate the entire spray process, including breakup and vaporization. The advantage of venturi nozzle is demonstrated in terms of better atomization, more uniform F/A distribution, and less pressure drop. Multidimensional spray calculations can be used as a design tool only if care is taken for the proper breakup model, and wall impingement process.
Microneedles from Fishscale-Nanocellulose Blends Using Low Temperature Mechanical Press Method (2015)

Fish scale biopolymer blended with nanocellulose crystals is used for production of microneedles applying mechanical press microfabrication and the effect of nanocellulose on microfabrication, water absorption, moisture stability and mechanical properties of the microneedles is reported. The results show that microneedles produced from the nanocellulose loaded fish scale biopolymer requires higher temperature for micromolding (80 ± 5 °C) than microneedles from only fish scale biopolymer, which were moldable at 50 ± 5 °C. The mechanical properties of the fish scale biopolymer-nanocellulose (FSBP-NC) films showed that the addition of nanocellulose (NC) resulted in lower elongation and higher tensile stress compared to fish scale biopolymer (FSBP) films. The nanocellulose also prevented dissolution of the needles and absorbed up to 300% and 234% its own weight in water (8% and 12% w/w NC/FSBP), whereas FSBP films dissolved completely within 1 min, Indicating that the FSBP-NC films can be used to produce microneedles with prolonged dissolution rate. FTIR spectrometry of the FSBP films was compared with the FSBP-NC films and the NC gels. The FTIR showed typical peaks for fish scale polymer and nanocellulose with evidence of interactions. SEM micrographs showed relatively good dispersion of NC in FSBP at both NC contents corresponding to 8% and 12% w/w NC/FSBP respectively.