gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IL-1 as adjuvant. Role of T cells in the augmentation of specific antibody production by recombinant human IL-1 alpha. (1989)

Human rIL-1 alpha significantly enhanced splenic plaque-forming cells (PFC) to SRBC in vitro and in vivo. A single i.p. injection was sufficient to produce a fivefold or greater increase in the generation of PFC in a primary response. IL-1 treatment resulted in an increased production of Ag-specific PFC, both in vitro and in vivo, in combination with suboptimal doses of Ag. When IL-1 was given with a primary dose of Ag in vivo, an enhanced IgG response occurred. IL-1 enhanced in vivo carrier priming for an anti-hapten PFC response, indicating increased Th activity. Furthermore, T cells from spleens of mice treated with IL-1 provided significantly more help in both carrier (SRBC)- and hapten (TNP)- specific PFC. The enhancement of PFC by IL-1 in vitro occurred even in the presence of an excess of neutralizing anti-IL-2 antibody. These results suggest that IL-1 may enhance T cell-dependent antibody production in part by increasing Th activity, and that the mechanism of IL-1 action in increasing antibody production involves pathways in addition to the induction of IL-2 secretion.
Loss of MT1-MMP in Alveolar Epithelial Cells Exacerbates Pulmonary Fibrosis (2021)

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lethal age-related lung disease whose pathogenesis involves an aberrant response of alveolar epithelial cells (AEC). Activated epithelial cells secrete mediators that participate in the activation of fibroblasts and the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins. Previous studies indicate that matrix metalloproteinase 14 (MMP14) is increased in the lung epithelium in patients with IPF, however, the role of this membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase has not been elucidated. In this study, the role of Mmp14 was explored in experimental lung fibrosis induced with bleomycin in a conditional mouse model of lung epithelial MMP14-specific genetic deletion. Our results show that epithelial Mmp14 deficiency in mice increases the severity and extension of fibrotic injury and affects the resolution of the lesions. Gain-and loss-of-function experiments with human epithelial cell line A549 demonstrated that cells with a deficiency of MMP14 exhibited increased senescence-associated markers. Moreover, conditioned medium from these cells increased fibroblast expression of fibrotic molecules. These findings suggest a new anti-fibrotic mechanism of MMP14 associated with anti-senescent activity, and consequently, its absence results in impaired lung repair. Increased MMP14 in IPF may represent an anti-fibrotic mechanism that is overwhelmed by the strong profibrotic microenvironment that characterizes this disease.
Data from The INPP4B Tumor Suppressor Modulates EGFR Trafficking and Promotes Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;Inactivation of the tumor suppressor lipid phosphatase INPP4B is common in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). We generated a genetically engineered TNBC mouse model deficient in &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt;. We found a dose-dependent increase in tumor incidence in &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; homozygous and heterozygous knockout mice compared with wild-type (WT), supporting a role for &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; as a tumor suppressor in TNBC. Tumors derived from &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; knockout mice are enriched for AKT and MEK gene signatures. Consequently, mice with &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; deficiency are more sensitive to PI3K or MEK inhibitors compared with WT mice. Mechanistically, we found that &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; deficiency increases PI(3,4)P&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; levels in endocytic vesicles but not at the plasma membrane. Moreover, &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; loss delays degradation of EGFR and MET, while promoting recycling of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), thus enhancing the duration and amplitude of signaling output upon growth factor stimulation. Therefore, &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; inactivation in TNBC promotes tumorigenesis by modulating RTK recycling and signaling duration.&lt;/p&gt;Significance:&lt;p&gt;Inactivation of the lipid phosphatase &lt;i&gt;INPP4B&lt;/i&gt; is frequent in TNBC. Using a genetically engineered mouse model, we show that INPP4B functions as a tumor suppressor in TNBC. INPP4B regulates RTK trafficking and degradation, such that loss of INPP4B prolongs both PI3K and ERK activation.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;i&gt;This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1079&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Investigation of Augmented Angel Wing Sealing Through the Use of Surface Concavity Arrays (2010)

A simple rotor-stator disk experiment is used to investigate the enhancement in rim sealing effectiveness due to a surface treatment applied to the angel wings on either the rotor or stator. Angel wings in rim seals are also commonly referred to as seal teeth or flow discouragers. In the present study, arrays of hemispherical concavities, also known as dimples, have been placed in the surfaces of a single overlapping angel wing set at the outer radius of the rotor-stator system. Stator surface static pressure measurements are used to quantify the degree of external air ingestion into the disk cavity. Tests were run at a single rotational Reynolds number of 1.45e6 and 4500 rpm. The nominal radial clearance gap was 1.5 mm. Three axial engagement positions of the angel wings were tested. The non-dimensional purge flow rate Cw ranged from 3500 to 10000. Addition of a concavity array surface treatment on the rotor angel wing had negligible effect on the sealing capability for the rotor-stator seal system. However, test results indicate an increase in seal effectiveness of nearly 20% due to the presence of the concavity array surface on the stator angel wing. Through other known concavity flow physics, it is conjectured that the ejected organized vortical flows from the concavities create an effective fluid resistance in the radial seal gap that decreases the ingestion flow rate.
Emergence of bottom-up saliency in a spiking model of V1 (2013)

Figure 1 A. Input image; B. V1 layer 2/3 activity without long-range inhibition; C. V1 layer 2/3 activity with long-range inhibition; D. Superior colliculus activity that directly drives the saccadic mechanism. Activity is averaged over two seconds.
Modeling Systems with Variable Algebraic Constraints for Explicit Integration Methods (2000)

Efficient models are not necessarily the most detailed ones. The purpose of a model is to solve a problem and it needs to be just detailed enough to achieve this. In many cases this may require simplifying models by removing nonlinear continuous behaviors by means of a piecewise linearization. As a consequence, the model operates in a number of different continuous modes where different equations describe system behavior. When models are simplified even further and fast continuous mode transition behaviors are removed, the dynamic coupling between state variables of interest may reduce to algebraic constraints, causing a reduction of degrees of freedom of the system when mode changes occur. To generate behaviors for such variable structure systems requires algebraic manipulations to derive the reduced order system. These algebraic manipulations may include differentiation of equations that is inefficient when performed during behavior generation. The alternative of pre-compilation is restricted to systems with few modes to avoid enumeration problems because of the combinatorial explosion. This paper presents a method to handle variable structure systems with varying algebraic constraints (i.e., run-time index changes) by means of explicit integration methods complemented by a projection in the impulse space that is consistent with the instantaneous dynamics of the vector field. The method is demonstrated by modeling and simulation of an AC induction motor.
Working Notes for the Placing Task at MediaEval 2011 (2011)

This paper provides a description of the MediaEval 2012 Placing Task. The task requires participants to automatically assign latitude and longitude coordinates to each of the provided test videos. This kind of geographical location tag, or geotag, helps users localise videos, allowing their media to be anchored to real world locations. Currently, however, most videos online are not labelled with this kind of data. This task encourages participants to find innovative ways of doing this labelling automatically. The data comes from Flickr—an example of a photo sharing website that allows users to both encode their photos and videos with geotags, as well as use them when searching and browsing. This paper describes the task, the data sets provided and how the individual participants results are evaluated.
Exploiting Sparse User Activity in Multiuser Detection (2010)

The number of active users in code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems is often much lower than the spreading gain. The present paper exploits fruitfully this a priori information to improve performance of multiuser detectors. A low-activity factor manifests itself in a sparse symbol vector with entries drawn from a finite alphabet that is augmented by the zero symbol to capture user inactivity. The non-equiprobable symbols of the augmented alphabet motivate a sparsity-exploiting maximum a posteriori probability (S-MAP) criterion, which is shown to yield a cost comprising the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> least-squares error penalized by the p-th norm of the wanted symbol vector (p = 0, 1, 2). Related optimization problems appear in variable selection (shrinkage) schemes developed for linear regression, as well as in the emerging field of compressive sampling (CS). The contribution of this work to such sparse CDMA systems is a gamut of sparsity-exploiting multiuser detectors trading off performance for complexity requirements. From the vantage point of CS and the least-absolute shrinkage selection operator (Lasso) spectrum of applications, the contribution amounts to sparsity-exploiting algorithms when the entries of the wanted signal vector adhere to finite-alphabet constraints.
All‐Printed, Foldable Organic Thin‐Film Transistors on Glassine Paper (2015)

All-printed, foldable organic thin-film transistors are demonstrated on glassine paper with a combination of advanced materials and processing techniques. Glassine paper provides a suitable surface for high-performance printing methods, while graphene electrodes and an ion–gel gate dielectric enable robust stability over 100 folding cycles. Altogether, this study features a practical platform for low-cost, large-area, and foldable electronics. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Optically coherent direct modulated FM analog link with phase noise canceling circuit (1999)

This paper demonstrates a new phase noise canceling (PNC) circuit for use with an optically coherent analog frequency modulation (FM) link employing directly modulated distributed feedback (DFB) lasers. Direct frequency modulation of a semiconductor laser is a highly efficient optical-to-electrical conversion process, which can lead to very low noise figure (NF) and high dynamic range (DR). However, the large laser phase noise found in semiconductor lasers significantly degrades the FM link performance. The PNC circuit is a simple means for canceling the laser phase noise while extracting the modulated signal and taking advantage of the high FM conversion efficiency of semiconductor lasers. The theoretical performance of the PNC PM link is discussed in terms of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), NF, and DR, and is compared to a Mach-Zehnder modulated link which uses high-power, solid-state lasers. Phase noise cancellation is demonstrated in an experimental PNC FM link. Comparison of a PNC FM link to an externally modulated AM (coherent) link shows a 31 dB improvement in the NF of the FM link, and a 10 dB improvement in DR. However at higher received optical powers phase-to-intensity noise limits the performance of both links to well below the theoretical calculations.
Building a parallel file system simulator (2009)

Parallel file systems are gaining in popularity in high-end computing centers as well as commercial data centers. High-end computing systems are expected to scale exponentially and to pose new challenges to their storage scalability in terms of cost and power. To address these challenges scientists and file system designers will need a thorough understanding of the design space of parallel file systems. Yet there exist few systematic studies of parallel file system behavior at petabyte- and exabyte scale. An important reason is the significant cost of getting access to large-scale hardware to test parallel file systems. To contribute to this understanding we are building a parallel file system simulator that can simulate parallel file systems at very large scale. Our goal is to simulate petabyte-scale parallel file systems on a small cluster or even a single machine in reasonable time and fidelity. With this simulator, file system experts will be able to tune existing file systems for specific workloads, scientists and file system deployment engineers will be able to better communicate workload requirements, file system designers and researchers will be able to try out design alternatives and innovations at scale, and instructors will be able to study very large-scale parallel file system behavior in the class room. In this paper we describe our approach and provide preliminary results that are encouraging both in terms of fidelity and simulation scalability.
Genome-wide expression profiling reveals distinct clusters of transcriptional regulation during bovine preimplantation development in vivo (2008)

Bovine embryos can be generated by in vitro fertilization or somatic nuclear transfer; however, these differ from their in vivo counterparts in many aspects and exhibit a higher proportion of developmental abnormalities. Here, we determined for the first time the transcriptomes of bovine metaphase II oocytes and all stages of preimplantation embryos developing in vivo up to the blastocyst using the Affymetrix GeneChip Bovine Genome Array which examines approximately 23,000 transcripts. The data show that bovine oocytes and embryos transcribed a significantly higher number of genes than somatic cells. Several hundred genes were transcribed well before the 8-cell stage, at which the major activation of the bovine genome expression occurs. Importantly, stage-specific expression patterns in 2-cell, 4-cell, and 8-cell stages, and in morulae and blastocysts, were detected, indicating dynamic changes in the embryonic transcriptome and in groups of transiently active genes. Pathway analysis revealed >120 biochemical pathways that are operative in early preimplantation bovine development. Significant differences were observed between the mRNA expression profiles of in vivo and in vitro matured oocytes, highlighting the need to include in vivo derived oocytes/embryos in studies evaluating assisted reproductive techniques. This study provides the first comprehensive analysis of gene expression and transcriptome dynamics of in vivo developing bovine embryos and will serve as a basis for improving assisted reproductive technology.
Computational model of lightness perception in high dynamic range imaging (2006)

An anchoring theory of lightness perception by Gilchrist et al. [1999] explains many characteristics of human visual system such as lightness constancy and its spectacular failures which are important in the perception of images. The principal concept of this theory is the perception of complex scenes in terms of groups of consistent areas (frameworks). Such areas, following the gestalt theorists, are defined by the regions of common illumination. The key aspect of the image perception is the estimation of lightness within each framework through the anchoring to the luminance perceived as white, followed by the computation of the global lightness. In this paper we provide a computational model for automatic decomposition of HDR images into frameworks. We derive a tone mapping operator which predicts lightness perception of the real world scenes and aims at its accurate reproduction on low dynamic range displays. Furthermore, such a decomposition into frameworks opens new grounds for local image analysis in view of human perception.
Mobile Irrigation and Pump System Analysis Trainer (2014)

The trainer developed through completion of this project provides several hands-on education opportunities relevant to irrigation and pumping systems. It will be used to teach students about irrigation systems and give them a firsthand view of a system in action. In order to show how fertigation works, it includes a Venturi injector, an injection pump, and clear PVC pipe demonstrating the injection of fertilizers and chemicals into the system. Multiple configurations can be imposed allowing demonstration of the fundamentals of fluid pump systems and pressure loss.
Alzheimer's β‐amyloid vasoactivity: identification of a novel β‐amyloid conformational intermediate (1998)

The beta-amyloid (A beta) peptide has previously been shown to enhance phenylephrine or endothelin-1 induced constriction of aortic rings in vitro. The characteristics of A beta vasoactivity (dose, fragment length, timing) suggest that the mechanism is distinct from A beta cytotoxicity. To identify which properties of A beta determine its biological activity on vessels, we investigated a number of A beta analogues and fragments, individually and in combination, including those that are known to be associated with Alzheimer's disease (A beta(1-42)) and hereditary cerebral hemorrhage with amyloidosis--Dutch type (A beta(22Q)(1-40)). The vasoactivity appears to be related to the conformation adopted by the peptide in solution. The beta-pleated sheet rich A beta(1-42) and A beta(22Q)(1-40) were each less vasoactive than the mainly random coil wild type A beta(1-40). However, the most vasoactive A beta peptides were combinations which contain mixtures of random coil and beta-sheet structure. The finding that peptides containing low or high levels of beta-pleated conformation are less vasoactive than those containing intermediate amounts of this structural motif allows us to propose the existence of a transitional form between random coil and beta-pleated that is the vasoactive species of A beta. This is the first time that A beta conformational intermediates have been identified and a biological activity associated with them.
Primary Care in Obstetrics and Gynecology (1994)

LAUBE, DOUG MD; VINTZILEOS, ANTHONY M. MD; O'BRIEN, WILLIAM F. MD; MUNRO, MALCOLM G. MD; PERRY, KENNETH G. Jr., MD; MAO, WALTER PRINDIVILLE. FRCOG, FRACOG Author Information
Spherical Near-Field (NF) HRIR Compilation of the Neumann KU100 (2020)

[1] J. M. Arend, A. Neidhardt, and C. Pörschmann, “Measurement and Perceptual Evaluation of a Spherical Near-Field HRTF Set,” in <em>Proceedings of the 29th Tonmeistertagung - VDT International Convention</em>, 2016, pp. 356–363.<br> Download link: Conference Paper TMT 2016, Cologne (Germany) [2] C. Pörschmann, J. M. Arend, and A. Neidhardt, “A Spherical Near-Field HRTF Set for Auralization and Psychoacoustic Research,” in <em>Proceedings of the 142nd AES Convention, Berlin, Germany</em>, 2017, pp. 1–5.<br> AES link: Conference Paper AES 2017, Berlin (Germany) Files also available at sofacoustics.org/data/database/fhk/ in SOFA file format. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ The perceptual refinement of dynamic binaural synthesis has been subject to research for the past years. The basic principle relies on head-related transfer functions (HRTFs), which describe the directional filtering caused by the head, pinna, and torso. However, most systems are based on far-field HRTFs and therefore ignore the acoustical specifics of near-field sound sources. One reason might be that full spherical near-field HRTF sets are rarely available. In this paper, we present an HRTF set of a Neumann KU100 dummy head. The set is freely available for download and contains post-processed impulse responses, captured on a circular and full spherical grid at sound source distances between 0.25m and 1.50 m. In a subsequent listening experiment using dynamic binaural synthesis, we investigated if the captured binaural cues affect estimated distance of a virtual sound source. The set is useful for various spatial audio applications where nearby virtual sound sources are required, such as auditory displays. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ <strong>Contact:</strong><br> Christoph Pörschmann<br> TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences<br> Institute of Communications Engineering<br> Department of Acoustics and Audio Signal Processing<br> Betzdorfer Str. 2, D-50679 Cologne, Germany<br> https://www.th-koeln.de/akustik _________________________________________________________________
Inter-relationship between visual symptoms, activity limitation and psychological functioning in patients with diabetic retinopathy (2017)

The link between vision and psychological functioning outcomes such as emotional distress and concern is complex in patients with DR and mediated by limitations in daily living activities and social factors. Interventions to enhance daily functioning and social interaction may be effective in reducing emotional distress associated with DR-related vision impairment.
BPT-4000 Hall Thruster Extended Power Throttling Range Characterization for NASA Science Missions (2009)

Commercial electric propulsion systems are now being considered as a cost effective solution for competitively awarded science missions such as the NASA Discovery and New Frontiers programs. Aerojet’s BPT-4000 Hall thruster, which has been identified as a candidate for near-term use on NASA science missions, has recently completed a 6,750 h qualification life test that demonstrated power throttling from 1 to 4.5 kW. To assess the suitability of extending the operating range further, a test campaign designed to assess the performance and plasma properties of the BPT-4000 over an extended throttling range has been implemented. An inverted-pendulum thrust stand is used for performance measurements. In the near-field plume, an emissive probe, cylindrical Langmuir probe, and current density probes are deployed to measure plasma potential, plasma density, electron temperature, and ion current density. In the far-field plume, an RPA, ExB probe, and emissive probe are used to measure the ion energy, ion species’ fractions, and plasma potential. The test campaign has demonstrated a 30X power throttling range from 0.15 to 4.5 kW, corresponding to discharge voltages of 125 to 700 V and discharge currents of 1 to 15 A. An eight hour firing demonstrated uninterrupted operation of the thruster at 0.25 kW (150 V, 1.67 A). At this operating condition, the voltage and current were 20% and 67%, respectively, above the minimum power operating condition of 150 V, 1.0 A that the thruster was operated at during the test campaign. The cathode remained healthy throughout testing and was capable of operating without a heater or keeper despite the currents required while at lowpower. An initial assessment of the thruster operating at discharge voltages in excess of 400 V has demonstrated the growth potential of this thruster to operate efficiently at specific impulses greater than 2500 s.