gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel ringing suppression circuit to increase the number of connectable ECUs in a linear passive star CAN (2012)

As the number of ECUs in an automobile steadily increases, the demand for ever more ECUs connected to the Controller Area Network (CAN) also rises significantly. However, the number of connectable ECUs in a linear passive star CAN is restricted because of the ringing phenomenon in communication signals. In this paper, we propose a ringing suppression circuit activated on high level ringing voltages. As a result, we can expand the number of connectable ECUs in a linear passive star, which enables construction of low-cost communication networks by reducing the number of gateways required.
Experimental evaluation of the reduction of the received signal penalty due to inter-core crosstalk in a lossy 7-core Multicore Fiber by using bidirectional signal assignment (2013)

We experimentally evaluated and confirmed the effectiveness of bidirectional signal assignment for reducing the inter-core XT induced penalties with a lossy 7-core, 43-km MCF having 21 splicing connections.
Immunostimulation Effects of Yellowtail Heart Extractsin Vitroandin Vivo (2011)

The immunostimulation effects of yellowtail heart extracts were examined. Screening various parts of the yellowtail viscera, we found that extracts from the yellowtail heart enhanced IgM production by human hybridoma HB4C5 cells. Yellowtail heart extracts heated at 121°C for 20 min and dialyzed showed the highest IgM production-stimulating activity toward HB4C5 cells. Also, immunoglobulin production by mouse spleen lymphocytes was stimulated by yellowtail heart extracts in vitro, and lymphocytes derived from mice administered the extract for 20 d were activated in vivo. Yellowtail heart extracts were partially purified by anion-exchange chromatography, and fractions containing a 33 kDa-protein exhibited immunostimulating activity. LC-MS/MS analysis revealed that the 33 kDa-protein was most similar to tropomyosin-4 from various fishes. Purified tropomyosin from porcine muscle enhanced IgM production by HB4C5 cells. This means that tropomyosin-4 is one of the immunostimulating substances in the yellowtail heart.
3′-end labeling of RNA with recombinant yeast poly(A) polymerase (1993)

Two commonly used methods to end-label RNA-molecules are 5'-end labeling by polynucleotide kinase and 3'-end labeling with pCp and T4 RNA ligase. We show here that RNA 3'-ends can also be labeled with the chain-terminating analogue cordycepin 5'-triphosphate (3'-deoxy-ATP) which is added by poly(A) polymerase. For a synthetic RNA it is shown that 40% of cordycepin becomes incorporated when the nucleotide is used at limiting concentrations and that with an excess of cordycepin 5'-triphosphate essentially all the RNA becomes modified at its 3'-end. The reaction is complete within minutes and the RNA product is uniform and suitable for sequence analysis. The efficiency of labeling varies with different RNA-molecules and is different from RNA ligase. Poly(A) polymerase preferentially labels longer RNA-molecules whereas short RNA-molecules are labeled more efficiently by T4 RNA ligase.
MODULATORS OF P-GLYCOPROTEIN-MEDIATED TRANSMEMBRANE TRANSPORT INHIBIT T-CELL PROLIFERATION IN VITRO (1999)

225 Expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp), the multidrug resistance-associated transmembrane transporter and MDR 1 gene product, has been reported to identify a subset of activated CD4+ T lymphocytes characterized by an augmented rate of proliferation and increased IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion in response to various polyclonal stimuli. Recent evidence suggests that P-gp plays a functional role in the transmembrane transport of several cytokines, including IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-γ. We hypothesized that inhibition of P-gp-mediated transmembrane transport function may inhibit T-cell proliferation due to diminished secretion of proliferative cytokines, and hence studied the effects of known pharmacologic P-gp inhibitors, tamoxifen and genistein, on T-cell proliferation in vitro. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were prepared from healthy donors using standard methods. CD4+ T cells were purified by positive selection from PBMCs using anti-CD4 mAb-coated magnetic beads, for use in a standard one-way mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR, n = 3) and a phytohemagglutinin (PHA)-stimulated T-cell proliferation assay (PHA = 3 μg/ml, n = 3). The P-gp modulators tamoxifen (0.01 μM - 50 μM) and genistein (0.01 μM - 100 μM) were added to the cultures, and 3H-thymidine uptake was subsequently measured to estimate T-cell proliferative responses. The unpaired t test with determination of two-tailed p values was used for statistical analysis of the results. Both tamoxifen and genistein attenuated MLR-stimulated T-cell proliferation in a dose-dependent fashion when compared to untreated controls. Near-maximal inhibition (> 95%) of T-cell proliferation occurred in the MLR- and PHA-stimulated proliferation assays at doses of 10 μM tamoxifen (p < 0.005) and 100 μM genistein (p < 0.005). The IC50 for T-cell proliferation in the different stimulation assays was achieved in the concentration ranges of 1 μM - 10 μM for tamoxifen and 10μM - 100 μM for genistein. Our results demonstrate that modulators of P-gp function attenuate T cell proliferative responses in vitro, at concentrations that do not induce non-specific cellular toxicity, and, for tamoxifen, which has been administered to humans for other indications, approximating plasma concentrations achievable in vivo. Our results point to an immunoregulatory role of P-glycoprotein.
Magnetic Drug Targeting: Drug Delivery in Large Vasculature (2008)

Magnetic drug targeting (MDT) is a novel drug delivery method with potential to dramatically revolutionize clinical approaches of the treatment of many diseases. In fact, MDT has been proposed for ailments ranging from vascular disease to cancer [1, 2]. Conventional drug delivery methods utilize large doses of medication to account for the dispersion of the drug throughout the body in the hope that a sufficient concentration of medicine arrives at the diseased site. Unfortunately, many medications can have caustic effects on healthy systems leaving patients with discomfort, weakened immunity or lowered quality of life. Alternatively, MDT aims to reduce potentially harmful global dosage levels by localizing medication at the diseased site. Additionally, magnetic drug targeting not only reduces chemicals seen by healthy areas of the body, it may provide a higher concentration of drug capable of remaining at the damaged location for a longer duration than typically seen for current treatment practices. Possibly the most important advantage of MDT is the method’s ability to enhance delivery while providing no additional invasive procedures.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Transnitrilation of Aryl Boronic Acids with Dimethylmalononitrile (2015)

Abstract An efficient transnitrilation of aryl boronic acids with dimethylmalononitrile (DMMN) is described. This rhodium‐catalyzed electrophilic cyanation presents a novel approach to prepare aryl nitriles by using a carbon‐bound cyanating reagent which undergoes cross‐coupling with the aryl boronic acid. The reaction expands the degree of functional‐group compatibility exhibited by the transnitrilation of aryl Grignard and aryllithium reagents. A variety of aryl boronic acid derivatives and dialkylmalononitriles were amenable to the transnitrilation.
RDNA-18. TP5, A PEPTIDE INHIBITOR OF ABERRANT AND HYPERACTIVE CDK5/p25: A NOVEL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH AGAINST GLIOBLASTOMA (2018)

Increasing evidence suggests a role of increased expression of CDK5 in cancer progression. Here, we examined the efficacy of selective inhibition of CDK5 in glioblastoma, the most frequent and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. TP5 is a small peptide developed by National Institutes of Health which selectively inhibits aberrant and hyperactive CDK5/p25 while preserving the physiological CDK5/p35 functions. This peptide was modified to facilitate passage through blood brain barrier. METHODS & We demonstrated that TP5 decreased the activity but not the expression of CDK5 and p35. TP5 alone, but not the scrambled peptide, impacted cell viability and colony formation of glioblastoma cell lines and increased early and late apoptosis. Analyzing the pH2A.X expression by Immunofluorescence and Western Blot, we observed that TP5 increased the DNA damage in a dose dependent manner. TP5 impaired the DNA repair by reducing the G2 phase and decreased the phosphorylation of ATM. Whereas CDK5 activity is increased by DNA-damaging agents such as temozolomide (TMZ) and irradiation (IR), we observed that the addition of TP5 to either TMZ or IR was synergistic on colony formation due to an accumulation of DNA damages. Concomitant use of TP5 and either TMZ or IR increased the pH2A.X foci number and expression, inhibited the G2 arrest induced by these therapies and the phosphorylation of ATM. TP5 alone (300 mg/kg every 2 days) decreased the tumor volume of orthotopic glioblastoma mouse-model in a safety and dose-escalation experiment (4 mice per group: control, scrambled peptide, 100mg/kg, 300mg/kg). The treatment was well tolerated as the mouse weights were stable during the treatment and no hematologic, renal, pancreatic or liver function toxicities were observed (blood test). CONCLUSIONS: TP5 is a promising therapy for glioblastoma patients alone or in association with temozolomide and radiotherapy targeting a unique aspect of tumor biology.
Perfect zero-knowledge in constant rounds (1990)

Quadratic residuosity and graph isomorphism are classic problems and the canonical examples of zero-knowledge languages. However, despite much research effort, all previous zero-knowledge proofs for them required either unproven complexity assumptions or an unbounded number of rounds of message exchange.
The Gastrointestinal Circulation: Physiology and Pathophysiology (2015)

The gastrointestinal (GI) circulation receives a large fraction of cardiac output and this increases following ingestion of a meal. While blood flow regulation is not the intense phenomenon noted in other vascular beds, the combined responses of blood flow, and capillary oxygen exchange help ensure a level of tissue oxygenation that is commensurate with organ metabolism and function. This is evidenced in the vascular responses of the stomach to increased acid production and in intestine during periods of enhanced nutrient absorption. Complimenting the metabolic vasoregulation is a strong myogenic response that contributes to basal vascular tone and to the responses elicited by changes in intravascular pressure. The GI circulation also contributes to a mucosal defense mechanism that protects against excessive damage to the epithelial lining following ingestion of toxins and/or noxious agents. Profound reductions in GI blood flow are evidenced in certain physiological (strenuous exercise) and pathological (hemorrhage) conditions, while some disease states (e.g., chronic portal hypertension) are associated with a hyperdynamic circulation. The sacrificial nature of GI blood flow is essential for ensuring adequate perfusion of vital organs during periods of whole body stress. The restoration of blood flow (reperfusion) to GI organs following ischemia elicits an exaggerated tissue injury response that reflects the potential of this organ system to generate reactive oxygen species and to mount an inflammatory response. Human and animal studies of inflammatory bowel disease have also revealed a contribution of the vasculature to the initiation and perpetuation of the tissue inflammation and associated injury response.
Neurological adverse event profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy for essential tremor (2018)

ABSTRACT Background: Magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for treatment of essential tremor. Although this incisionless technology creates an ablative lesion, it potentially avoids serious complications of open stereotactic surgery. Objective: To determine the safety profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound unilateral thalamotomy for essential tremor, including frequency, and severity of adverse events, including serious adverse events. Methods: Analysis of safety data for magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy (186 patients, five studies). Results: Procedure‐related serious adverse events were very infrequent (1.6%), without intracerebral hemorrhages or infections. Adverse events were usually transient and were commonly rated as mild (79%) and rarely severe (1%). As previously reported, abnormalities in sensation and balance were the commonest thalamotomy‐related adverse events. Conclusion: The overall safety profile of magnetic resonance imaging–guided focused ultrasound thalamotomy supports its role as a new option for patients with medically refractory essential tremor. © 2018 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
A coupled lossy local-mode theory description of a plasmonic tip (2012)

International audience
Dual-energy decomposition using a kinestatic charge detector (1998)

The Kinestatic Charge Detector (KCD) is an electronic digital strip beam x-ray detector which has been shown to possess a high detective quantum efficiency, good spatial resolution, and good scatter rejection. We have investigated its use as a dual-energy x-ray detector detector, which involves the acquisition of two images with different mean x-ray energies that can be reconstructed using a suitable algorithm to form images of two basis materials such as bone and soft tissue. Dual-energy imaging with a single exposure may be performed with a KCD by segmenting its x-ray collection region into front and back regions. The lower x-ray photons will then be preferentially absorbed in the front region. Computer simulations were performed to evaluate a segmented KCD's ability to reconstruct various combinations of Plexiglas and aluminum. Actual experimental data were also taken for various Plexiglas and aluminum combinations with a non-imaging research KCD. The suitability of using analytic calibration functions as decomposition algorithms for aluminum and Plexiglas basis material images was investigated. Fits were performed for the computer simulations using the high-energy and low-energy data, with and without the addition of noise. Similar fitting techniques were used with the experimental KCD data. A true rms accuracy of 150 micrometer for aluminum and 500 micrometer for Plexiglas was obtainable from fits for the computer simulated data, even with the addition of noise. The experimental data taken with the non-imaging KCD yielded rms errors of approximately 250 micrometer for aluminum and 1000 micrometer for Plexiglas, comparable to simulated noisy data. We conclude that suitable decomposition algorithms exist for a segmented dual-energy KCD to be able to reconstruct aluminum and Plexiglas material thicknesses to an accuracy sufficient for clinical diagnosis in chest radiography.
Correction: The physics and chemistry of graphene-on-surfaces (2017)

Correction for 'The physics and chemistry of graphene-on-surfaces' by Guoke Zhao, Xinming Li, Meirong Huang et al., Chem. Soc. Rev., 2017, 46, 4417-4449.
Microfluidic proportional flow controller (2010)

Precise flow control in microfluidic chips is important for many biochemical assays and experiments at microscale. While several technologies for controlling fluid flow have been implemented either on- or off-chip, these can provide either high-speed or high-precision control, but seldom could accomplish both at the same time. Here we describe a new on-chip, pneumatically activated flow controller that allows for fast and precise control of the flow rate through a microfluidic channel. Experimental results show that the new proportional flow controllers exhibited a response time of approximately 250 ms, while our numerical simulations suggest that faster actuation down to approximately 50 ms could be achieved with alternative actuation schemes.
Applications of PET‐MRI in musculoskeletal disease (2018)

5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2018;48:27-47.
New Aluminosilicate and Titanosilicate Delaminated Materials Active for Acid Catalysis, and Oxidation Reactions Using H2O2 (2000)

A new material of zeolitic nature, ITQ-6, has been obtained by delamination of a layered precursor of ferrierite. XRD, Ar and N2 adsorption, and 29Si and 27Al MAS NMR pyridine and 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine adsorption show that a delaminated material with a very high external surface area has been produced. The silicoaluminate is stable upon calcination and presents strong acid sites catalytically active and highly accessible to bulky reactants. We have also obtained by direct synthesis the titanium silicate version of the laminar precursor of ferrierite and ITQ-6. The Ti is demonstrated to be in framework positions, and in the case of the TiITQ-6 is active and selective in the epoxidation of 1-hexene with H2O2. The TiITQ-6 is stable and remains active upon repeated reaction−calcination processes.
SELECTION OF OPTIMAL PERIODS OF TIME FOR GPS SURVEYING BASED ON A SKY-PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN WITH A FISH-EYE LENS (1995)

GPS (Global Positioning System: 汎地球測位システム) を用いるにあたっては, 観測点近傍の建物や立ち木などによって人工衛星からの電波の受信が妨げられるため, 測定に必要なデータをいかにして確保するかが問題になる. そこで, 本研究では, 測点の上空の障害物の位置を予め写真撮影によって記録する一方, 人工衛星の飛来位置を計算し, これらを照合することにより, それぞれの基線の測量についての経時的な受信可能衛星数を求めるシステムを開発した. このシステムを用いることで, 確実かつ効率的な測量計画をたてることができる.
Antimicrobial Peptide‐Polysaccharide Conjugates (2007)

Gastrointestinal pathogens continue to present a threat to the health of Americans and people worldwide, particularly children in developing nations. This problem is compounded by the ever increasing number of microbes that have developed resistance to one or more conventional antibiotics. Antimicrobial peptides such as defensins are potent antimicrobial agents, even killing microbes that have developed resistance to conventional antibiotics. Conjugation of short antimicrobial peptides to polysaccharides, such as cellulose, could serve to localize these peptides to the gastrointestinal tract and help to shield them from digestion. Towards these ends, short peptides, based on the amino acid sequence of the C‐terminal portion of human beta‐defensin‐3, have been grafted onto a polysaccharide scaffold through reductive amination. In these initial studies, cross‐linked agarose has been used as a model polysaccharide in lieu of more robust dietary polysaccharides such as cellulose. While the antimicrobial activity demonstrated by this first generation of peptide‐polysaccharide conjugates is lower than that of the parent peptides, the results achieved with these early conjugates are encouraging.
ChemInform Abstract: The Stereochemical Assignment and Conformational Analysis of the V/W‐ Ring Juncture of Maitotoxin (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Performance of the Triple-Concentric Air-Assist Atomizer (1997)

Abstract The spray characteristics of the triple-concentric air assist atomizer have been explored using a Greenfield Digital Spray Analyzer and a Malvern Particle Sizer. The improved performance of the atomizer, as measured by the total amount of air required to generate a particular average droplet size, was demonstrated. A nearly ten-fold reduction in the total air quantity required for atomization is achieved.
Numerical modeling of interfacial delamination propagation in a novel peripheral array package (2001)

Interfacial delamination, due to the presence of dissimilar material systems, is one of the primary concerns in electronic package designs. The mismatch in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the different layers in the package can generate high interfacial stresses upon heating or cooling of the structure during fabrication, assembly, or in field use. These stresses, if sufficiently large, can compromise the adhesive integrity of the interface. The propagation of the resulting delamination along an interface can degrade or completely destroy the functionality of the system. The focus of this study is to examine the potential for interfacial delamination propagation in current and future versions of a novel peripheral array package. Two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) numerical models were constructed of this package with cracks embedded along a critical interface. The energy release rate associated with interfacial fracture was determined by employing the global energy balance and the crack closure technique. The fracture mode mixity was determined using the crack surface displacement method. These critical fracture parameters were compared with experimentally determined interfacial fracture toughness data to determine the possibility of delamination growth. A material parametric study was also completed using the numerical models with pre-existing delaminations to identify material property trends that would lower the potential for failure. Also, the effect of plastic behavior on interfacial crack growth was studied through J-integral calculations.
Effect of Asbestos-Containing Products with Harmless Treatment on the Lungs (2009)

The amount of industrial wastes with asbestos such as dismantled construction materials has increased. We have reviewed the effect of asbestos-containing products subjected to harmless treatment on the lungs. Usually, the harmless treatment of asbestos is confirmed by the disappearance of fibrous materials and crystal structures by electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. However, it is very important to perform animal studies and in vitro studies in order to examine the effect of the treated asbestos-containing products on the lungs. From previous treatments of asbestos using acids or high temperature, almost treated materials tended to show decreased toxicity in vitro and in vivo studies. There are some reports of the adverse effects of the treatment. If new harmless treatments of asbestos are developed, it is necessary to perform animal studies and in vitro studies of asbestos-containing products using new harmless treatments.
Highly Efficient and Selective Hydrogenation of Sugars Catalyzed by Ru-MACHO-BH: Practical Synthesis of Sugar Alcohols (2022)

A highly efficient synthesis of sugar alcohols was achieved by selective hydrogenation with a homogeneous catalyst. Ru-MACHO-BH, the PNHP-ruthenium catalyst, promoted the hydrogenation with extremely high reactivity and selectivity. The reaction could be applied to various kinds of mono- and disaccharides and has been successfully run on a scale of several tens of grams.
Environment of the Heme in Myoglobins. NMRD and EPR Spectroscopy of Val68X (X = Asn, Asp, and Glu) Mutants of Human Myoglobin (1994)

Analyses of the temperature dependences and shapes of nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) signals of site-directed mutants of human myoglobin indicate that a water molecule is bound to the sixth coordination site of the ferric heme in proteins in which the valine at position 68 is changed to either aspartate (Val68Asp) or asparagine (Val68Asn). Both NMRD data and electron paramagetic resonance (EPR) spectra show that carboxylate is axially ligated to Fe(III) in the Va168Glu mutant. The EPR spectra of the Va168Asp and Va168Asn derivatives show much smaller rhombic splittings than the spectrum of the Va168Glu protein.
Where in the world should CAD software be made? (panel) (1993)

No abstract available.