gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Affinity modulation of integrin alpha 5 beta 1: regulation of the functional response by soluble fibronectin. (1993)

We report that a beta 1 integrin (alpha 5 beta 1) can exist in different affinity states for its soluble ligand, fibronectin. The alpha 5 beta 1 expressed by the erythroleukemic cell line K562 binds soluble fibronectin with low affinity (Kd > 1 microM), but is induced to bind it with 20-fold higher affinity (Kd-54 nM) in the presence of the anti-beta 1 mAb 8A2. This activation seems to be due to direct antibody-induced change in the receptor that does not require intracellular signaling, and is a plausible basis for the 8A2-induced enhancement of beta 1-dependent adhesion to fibronectin and other immobilized ligands (Kovach, N. L., T. M. Carlos, E. Yee, and J. M. Harlan. 1992. J. Cell Biol. 116: 499-509). Fab fragments of 8A2 bind with higher affinity to alpha 5 beta 1 receptor that is occupied by the GRG-DSP peptide ligand suggesting that the antibody functions by stabilizing a high affinity (occupied) conformer of the receptor. A functional consequence of the affinity modulation is that soluble fibronectin (at physiological concentrations) occupies the high affinity receptors, and so becomes an effective inhibitor of adhesion to immobilized fibronectin. In contrast, the majority of low affinity receptors remain unoccupied and are still to mediate cellular adhesion.
Structural characterization of thick (1122) GaN layers grown by HVPE on m‐plane sapphire (2010)

Abstract This paper reports structural characterization of thick $(11\bar {2}2)$ ‐oriented GaN layers by means of XRD, TEM, and micro‐ CL. The semi‐polar $(11\bar {2}2)$ GaN layers were grown on m ‐plane sapphire substrates by HVPE. Their structural quality improved with thickness. Threading dislocation density of 3 × 10 8 cm −2 and stacking faults density of 4 × 10 4 cm −1 were measured at the surface of 20 µm thick $(11\bar {2}2)$ GaN layers. The semi‐polar GaN layers were used as template substrates to grow InGaN/GaN MQW heterostructures by MOCVD that demonstrated optically pumped lasing at 500 nm wavelength. The results demonstrate the longest wavelength yet reported for a photo‐pumped laser on template substrates.
Detection of femtomole and sub-femtomole levels of peptides by tandem magnetic sector/reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (1991)

This article describes results of low-level (sub-femtomole) detection of peptides by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization. The matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization method can be used for low-level detection of the parent ion, either [M + H](+) or [M + Na](+), and collision-induced dissociation of the parent ion can be performed at the picomole level. The instrument used for these studies is a novel high-performance magnetic sector (electric(E)/magnetic(B) sector)/reflectron time-of-flight (TOP) tandem mass spectrometer (EB/TOF).
Modeling of Anaerobic Digestion and Sludge Liquor Treatment Processes (2010)

Modeling of Anaerobic Digestion and Sludge Liquor Treatment ProcessesAnaerobic digestion is – especially for larger plants – a well established strategy for both residual solids reduction and green energy recovery. Beside gaseous products like methane and CO2 soluble nutrients are released from the digestion process and need to be addressed in terms of either a return load to the main liquid treatment or a separate sidestream process. This paper deals...Author(s)B. WettI. TakácsS. MurthySourceProceedings of the Water Environment FederationSubjectSession 11: International: Recycle Treatment and Energy OptimizationDocument typeConference PaperPublisherWater Environment FederationPrint publication date Jan, 2010ISSN1938-6478SICI1938-6478(20100101)2010:4L.756;1-DOI10.2175/193864710802767830Volume / Issue2010 / 4Content sourceResiduals and Biosolids ConferenceFirst / last page(s)756 - 765Copyright2010Word count99Subject keywordsAnaerobic digestionnutrient releasesludge liquorsidestreamdeammonificationanammoxDemon
Murine Leukemia Viruses: Induction of Macrophage Production of Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor In Vitro23 (1980)

Infection in vitro of freshly explanted N:NIH(S) mouse bone marrow with ectopic murine leukemia viruses produced an increase over control uninfected cultures in the 50 or more cell granulocyte-macrophage (GM) colonies and 10-49 cell clusters detected after 7 days of incubation in 0.3% agar at 37 degrees C and 7% CO2. This effect was observed only at plating densities above 5.0 X 10(4) cells/ml and was not observed with macrophage-depleted populations of colony-forming units of GM progenitor cells (GM-CFUc) purified by isopyknic density gradient centrifugation of nonadherent cells harvested from long-term bone marrow cultures. Fewer virus-infected, compared to uninfected, peritoneal exudate macrophages were required to stimulate the same number of GM colonies and clusters in a given number of purified GM-CFUc. In contrast, murine leukemia virus infection of T-lymphocytes or NIH/3T3 embryo fibroblasts did not stimulate release of GM-CFUc coloney-stimulating factor (CSF). Single Cell suspensions of virus-infected freshly explanted whole bone marrow grown in CSF concentrated from L929 or WEHI-3 cell-conditioned medium produced more GM-CFUc colonies and GM clusters/1 X 10(5) cells compared to single cell suspensions of uninfected marrow. This phenomenon suggests that the colonoy-forming cells responding to CSF from virus-infected marrow may have been different from those responding to L929 or WEHI-3 cell CSF. The data indicate that increased granulopoiesis observed following retrovirus infection in vivo or in long-term marrow cultures was attributable in part to virus stimulation of production of CSF by adherent marrow stromal cells including macrophages.
Efficient synthesis of plate-like crystalline hydrated tungsten trioxide thin films with highly improved electrochromic performance (2011)

Plate-like hydrated tungsten trioxide (3WO(3)·H(2)O) films were grown on a fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated transparent conductive substrate via an efficient, facile and template-free hydrothermal method. The film exhibited a fast coloration/bleaching response (t(c90%) = 4.3 s and t(b90%) = 1.4 s) and a high coloration efficiency (112.7 cm(2) C(-1)), which were probably due to a large surface area.
Application of at-line two-dimensional liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry for identification of small hydrophilic angiotensin I-inhibiting peptides in milk hydrolysates (2008)

A two-dimensional chromatographic method with mass spectrometric detection has been developed for identification of small, hydrophilic angiotensin I-inhibiting peptides in enzymatically hydrolysed milk proteins. The method involves the further separation of the poorly retained hydrophilic fraction from a standard C(18) reversed-phase column on a hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) column. The latter column is specifically designed for the separation of hydrophilic compounds. Narrow fractions collected from the HILIC column were analysed for their angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibiting potential in an at-line assay. Fractions showing significant inhibition of ACE were analysed by LC-MS for structure elucidation. With this method the main peptides responsible for ACE-inhibition in the hydrophilic part of a milk hydrolysate could be determined. The ACE-inhibiting peptides RP, AP, VK, EK, and EW explained more than 85% of ACE-inhibition by the hydrophilic fraction.
Measurement‐based determination of parameters for non‐stationary TDL models with reduced number of taps (2020)

This study proposes a new strategy of extracting parameters for tapped delay line (TDL) channel models from vehicle to infrastructure channel measurements. The proposed approach is based on an already existing method to derive parameters for a non‐stationary model using first‐order Markov chains. It will be shown that with the proposed method, the number of taps necessary to regenerate the delay spread of a channel can be significantly reduced. An approach will be discussed to evaluate the performance of the model. The feasibility of the method will be confirmed using channel sounding measurements.
Hydrogel‐Induced Cell Membrane Disruptions Enable Direct Cytosolic Delivery of Membrane‐Impermeable Cargo (2021)

Intracellular delivery of membrane-impermeable cargo offers unique opportunities for biological research and the development of cell-based therapies. Despite the breadth of available intracellular delivery tools, existing protocols are often suboptimal and alternative approaches that merge delivery efficiency with both biocompatibility, as well as applicability, remain highly sought after. Here, a comprehensive platform is presented that exploits the unique property of cationic hydrogel nanoparticles to transiently disrupt the plasma membrane of cells, allowing direct cytosolic delivery of uncomplexed membrane-impermeable cargo. Using this platform, which is termed Hydrogel-enabled nanoPoration or HyPore, the delivery of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran macromolecules in various cancer cell lines and primary bovine corneal epithelial cells is convincingly demonstrated. Of note, HyPore demonstrates efficient FITC-dextran delivery in primary human T cells, outperforming state-of-the-art electroporation-mediated delivery. Moreover, the HyPore platform enables cytosolic delivery of functional proteins, including a histone-binding nanobody as well as the enzymes granzyme A and Cre-recombinase. Finally, HyPore-mediated delivery of the MRI contrast agent gadobutrol in primary human T cells significantly improves their T<sub>1</sub> -weighted MRI signal intensities compared to electroporation. Taken together, HyPore is proposed as a straightforward, highly versatile, and cost-effective technique for high-throughput, ex vivo manipulation of primary cells and cell lines.
Contribution to the Qualification of Technical Microwave Systems and to the Validation of Microwave‐Assisted Reactions and Processes (2005)

Abstract New insights into the energy efficiency of reactions in a microwave field and the development of a concept to transfer thermally heated reactions to microwave‐assisted reactions are reported utilizing commercial modular microwave systems. Particularly, questions on the qualification of technical microwave systems and their measurement and monitoring technology as well as on the validation of chemical reactions and processes are discussed. For that purpose, some technical microwave systems of different manufacturers were tested. The applicability for the implementation of chemical reactions and processes was determined. Conversions and yields of some reactions were compared by the dependence of irradiation modus, temperature and temperature measurement method.
RETRIEVAL FROM SHAPE DATABASES USING CHANCE PROBABILITY FUNCTIONS AND FIXED CORRESPONDENCE (2006)

Similarity-based retrieval from shape databases typically employs a pairwise shape matcher and one or more indexing techniques. In this paper, we focus specifically on the design of a pairwise matcher for retrieval of 2-D shape contours. In the past, the matchers used for the one-to-many problem of shape retrieval were often designed for the problem of matching an isolated pair of shapes. This approach fails to exploit two characteristics of the one-to-many matching problem that distinguish it from the one-to-one matching problem. First, the output of shape retrieval systems tends to be dominated by matches to relatively similar shapes. In this paper, we demonstrate that by not expending computational resources on unneeded accuracy of matching, both the speed and the accuracy of retrieval can be increased. Second, the shape database is a large statistical sample of the population of shapes. We introduce a probabilistic model for exploiting that statistical knowledge to further increase retrieval accuracy. The model has several benefits: (1) It does not require class labels on the database shapes, thus supporting unlabeled retrieval. (2) It does not require feature independence. (3) It is parameter-free. (4) It has a fast runtime implementation. The probabilistic model is general and thus potentially applicable to other one-to-many matching problems.
A New Study on the Degradation Mechanism in Low-Temperature p-Channel Polycrystalline Silicon TFTs Under Dynamic Stress (2006)

Pronounced device degradation and temperature dependence of p-channel polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistors (polysilicon TFTs) under pulse stress were investigated. This device degradation is due to the trap states produced by repetition between electron injection and hole injection. The analysis of activation energy affirms that the rapid degradation at high temperature is caused by an increase in the number of trapped holes, to which the negative-bias-temperature stress significantly contributes. The degradation is strongly dependent on the duration of hole injection and the location of the hole-injection region. To produce highly reliable TFT circuits, it is thus important to shorten the duration of hole injection and separate the region of hole injection from that of electron injection
A minmax approach to adaptive matched field processing in an uncertain propagation environment (1994)

Adaptive array processing algorithms have achieved widespread use because they are very effective at rejecting unwanted signals (i.e., controlling sidelobe levels) and in general have very good resolution (i.e., have narrow mainlobes). However, many adaptive high-resolution array processing algorithms suffer a significant degradation in performance in the presence of environmental mismatch. This sensitivity to environmental mismatch is of particular concern in problems such as long-range acoustic array processing in the ocean where the array processor's knowledge of the propagation characteristics of the ocean is imperfect. An adaptive minmax matched field processor is formulated which combines adaptive matched field processing and minmax approximation techniques to achieve the effective interference rejection characteristic of adaptive processors, while limiting the sensitivity of the processor to environmental mismatch. An efficient implementation and alternative interpretation of the processor are developed. The performance of the processor is analyzed using numerical simulations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Erosion resistance of different housing materials to UV irradiation and surface discharges action (1988)

The author evaluates a technique to assess HV outdoor composite insulation housing materials, based on the cyclic chamber ageing of the samples under the action of UV irradiation and surface partial discharges and subsequent measurements of their mass losses, wetting angle and surface roughness. UV irradiation exhibits a stronger influence on the measured parameters. However, the superposition principle does not obey, and the effects of the complex ageing are weaker than the sums of that for the simple ageing procedures. The most stable behaviour was observed for the studied silicone rubbers. The differences for the RTV and HTV rubbers in their mass losses and wetting angles changes support a hypothesis on the better self-smearing properties of the former. A significant improvement of the stability for casting epoxy resins can be obtained by the silanization of the quartz filler.
E-MACs: Toward More Secure and More Efficient Constructions of Secure Channels (2012)

In cryptography, secure channels enable the confidential and authenticated message exchange between authorized users. A generic approach of constructing such channels is by combining an encryption primitive with an authentication primitive (MAC). In this work, we introduce the design of a new cryptographic primitive to be used in the construction of secure channels. Instead of using general purpose MACs, we propose the deployment of special purpose MACs, named ε-MACs. The main motivation behind this work is the observation that, since the message must be both encrypted and authenticated, there might be some redundancy in the computations performed by the two primitives. Therefore, removing such redundancy can improve the efficiency of the overall composition. Moreover, computations performed by the encryption algorithm can be further utilized to improve the security of the authentication algorithm. In particular, we will show how ε-MACs can be designed to reduce the amount of computation required by standard MACs based on universal hash functions, and show how ε-MACs can be secured against key-recovery attacks.
Dynamic signature generation from keystroke dynamics (2023)

Described herein are various technologies pertaining to extracting cryptographic keys from user behavioral biometrics, specifically keystroke dynamics. Such cryptographic keys can be used for, among other things, user authentication throughout computer sessions. Keystroke dynamics are timing data indicating when keys were pressed and when they were released.
INL Subsurface Wireless Sensor Platform (2016)

The Idaho National Laboratory is developing a versatile micro-power sensor interface platform for periodic subsurface sensing of environmental variables important to waste disposal sites such as volumetric moisture, water potential, and temperature. The key characteristics of the platform architecture are that the platform is passive until externally energized --no internal power source is required -- and that it communicates with a "reader" via short-range telemetry - no wires penetrate the subsurface. Other significant attributes include the potential for a long service life and a compact size that makes it well suited for retrofitting existing landfill structures. Functionally, the sensor package is "read" by a short-range induction coil that activates and powers the sensor platform as well as detects the sensor output via a radio frequency signal generated by the onboard programmable interface controller microchip. As a result, the platform has a functional subsurface communication range of approximately 10 to 12 ft. and can only accept sensors that require low power to operate.
Quality of Information Assurance - Assessment, Management and Use (QIAAMU) (2013)

Abstract : This project aims to demonstrate the feasibility of run-time mission-oriented assessment of assurance and tradeoff in a distributed system. Distributed mission support systems today incorporate various QoS and security mechanisms, but there is no clear way to judge whether the system is delivering QoS and security assurance at the level needed for mission success. Security is treated as an all or nothing quality--which leads to missed opportunities as well as undue risk taking. Measuring security is difficult. QIAAMU took an approach similar to QoS management where assurance is measured against requirements specified by mission stakeholders. This approach enables us to treat QoS and security in a uniform way as well as consider QoS-Security tradeoffs when the system fails to deliver QoS and Security at the required level. Starting with the metrics to observe and measure, this project developed a foundation for run time assessment and tradeoff including an assessment scheme, an innovative distributed tradeoff algorithm and usability support, and instantiated the assessment and tradeoff framework within a security architecture, which underwent a final demonstration and evaluation phase in December 2012. This report is the final technical report for the QIAAMU project and describes the research, development, and evaluation results from the project.
Optimal single-channel noise reduction filtering matrices from the pearson correlation coefficient perspective (2015)

This paper studies the problem of single-channel noise reduction in the time domain, where an estimate of a vector of the desired clean speech is achieved by filtering a frame of the noisy signal with a rectangular filtering matrix. The core issue with this problem formulation is then the estimation of the optimal filtering matrix. The squared Pearson correlation coefficient (SPCC) is used. We show that different optimal filtering matrices can be derived by maximizing or minimizing the SPCCs between different signals. For example, maximizing the SPCC between the enhanced signal and the filtered speech gives the reduced-rankWiener and minimum distortion (MD) filtering matrices while minimizing the SPCC gives the minimum noise (MN) and another reduced-rank Wiener filtering matrices. Simulation results are presented to illustrate the properties of these filtering matrices.
Semidirect Product Key Exchange: the State of Play (2022)

Of the many families of cryptographic schemes proposed to be post-quantum, a relatively unexplored set of examples comes from group-based cryptography. One of the more central schemes from this area is the so-called Semidirect Product Key Exchange (SDPKE), a generalisation of Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange that is plausibly post-quantum. In this report we survey the state of the literature relating to SDPKE, providing a high-level discussion of security, as well as a comprehensive overview of the proposed platforms and the main cryptanalytic ideas relevant to each.
A 360 V high voltage reconfigurable charge pump in 0.8 μm CMOS for optical MEMS applications (2016)

A 31 stages high voltage reconfigurable charge pump is presented for electrostatic actuation of an optical laterally rotating MEMS mirror. A maximum output voltage of 360.5 V with a rise time of 16.7 ms for a clock frequency of 62.5 kHz is demonstrated through simulations. A variable amplitude clock generator is implemented within the same circuit to control the voltage levels of the charge pump. The maximal output ripple is 1.1 V for a 10 pF load, representing a small relative deviation of 0.31% suitable for MEMS electrostatic actuation. The average step between two consecutive output voltages is 4.9 V between 50 V and 340 V. This small increment enables the fine tuning of the MEMS rotation angle. The circuit is designed in a 0.8 μm high voltage CMOS technology and has an area of 675 μm × 1100 μm.