gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optically detected ferromagnetic resonance in diverse ferromagnets via nitrogen vacancy centers in diamond (2019)

We report measurements of optically detected ferromagnetic resonance (ODFMR) in thin films using nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond, whose fluorescence intensity changes in response to the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) excitation of a proximal ferromagnet. Here, we extend the study of the off-resonant and broadband detection of FMR, first observed in the magnetic insulator YIG to a diverse set of ferromagnetic materials. We measure ODFMR signals from several technologically relevant metallic ferromagnetic materials including Py, Co, Co2(Mn0.6Fe0.4)Ge, and an insulating NiZnAl ferrite. These results show the generality of the spin-relaxation based coupling of the NV spins to the ferromagnetic dynamics that enables this detection. The observable field-frequency range of the ODFMR signal is dependent on material parameters such as saturation magnetization and damping. These results imply that NV-based ODFMR can give insights into nanoscale ferromagnetic dynamics and its damping processes, especially for samples with low magnetization and in the low field-frequency regime, which is important for several technologies.
Computation of discrete cosine transform using Clenshaw's recurrence formula (1995)

Clenshaw's recurrence formula is used to derive recursive algorithms for the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the inverse discrete cosine transform (IDCT). The recursive DCT algorithm presented requires one fewer delay element per coefficient and one fewer multiply operation per coefficient compared with two other proposed methods. Clenshaw's recurrence formula provides a unified development for the recursive DCT and IDCT algorithms. The recursive algorithms apply to arbitrary length algorithms and are appropriate for VLSI implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Patients’ preferences for anti-osteoporosis drug treatment: a cross-European discrete choice experiment (2017)

We found statistically significant differences in patients' preferences for anti-osteoporosis medications between countries, especially for the mode of administration. Our findings emphasized that international treatment recommendations should allow for local adaptation, and that understanding individual preferences is important if we want to improve the quality of clinical care for patients with osteoporosis.
Energy efficiency driven process analysis and optimization in discrete manufacturing (2009)

Energy efficiency poses some significant challenges for most factories. To achieve fine-grained monitoring and control of energy consumption, thorough research is needed in terms of energy management models, information infrastructure and the process itself. Generally, there are three main phases that enable factory optimization: monitoring, analysis, and management. In order to reach optimal energy efficiency these steps need to be applied under the prism of energy. A coherent ICT infrastructure can provide a valuable support in terms of monitoring and control. In this paper, we focus on discrete manufacturing domain, and investigate production systems operation in terms of energy efficiency. We present a procedure which effectively supports the analysis, management, and control of discrete manufacturing systems in terms of energy efficiency and/or environmental impact. Moreover, a comparison and discussion among three different usage levels is performed through the description of different scenarios.
Faceting control by the stoichiometry influence on the surface free energy of low-index bcc-In2O3surfaces (2016)

The faceting of In2O3(0 0 1), (0 1 1), and (1 1 1) grown by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on yttria-stabilised zirconia was investigated under different growth conditions-conventionally used oxygen-rich growth conditions with and without heavy Sn-doping, and indium-rich growth conditions-by in situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and atomic force microscopy. In a simple thermodynamic model that considers surface free energy only, the observed faceting is compared to recent theoretical predictions of the surface tension (also termed surface free energy) anisotropy and the related equilibrium crystal shape derived from a Wulff construction. These predictions and our comparison include the variation with growth-condition-dependent oxygen chemical potential. Our results demonstrate how the experimentally changed oxygen chemical potential controls the faceting or island shape of In2O3 by changing the surface tension anisotropy. While the experimental results largely agree with the theoretically derived surface tension anisotropy, they strongly suggest a lower relative surface tension of the (0 0 1) surface at lower oxygen chemical potential (In-rich growth conditions) than theoretically predicted or a significant surface entropy contribution.
Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Intact Friend Leukemia Cells: Phosphorylcholine Increase During Differentiation (1982)

Proton nuclear magnetic resonance of intact Friend leukemia cells was used to analyze their erythroid-like differentiation. The technique, which requires only 10(3) to 10(9) cells and approximately 2 minutes for acquisition of each spectrum, demonstrated the occurrence of many signal changes during differentiation. With cell extracts, 64 signals were assigned to 12 amino acids and 19 other intermediary metabolites, and a dramatic signal change was attributed to a fourfold increase in cytoplasmic phosphorylcholines.
A distributed camera system for multi-resolution surveillance (2009)

We describe an architecture for a multi-camera, multi-resolution surveillance system. The aim is to support a set of distributed static and pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) cameras and visual tracking algorithms, together with a central supervisor unit. Each camera (and possibly pan-tilt device) has a dedicated process and processor. Asynchronous interprocess communications and archiving of data are achieved in a simple and effective way via a central repository, implemented using an SQL database. Visual tracking data from static views are stored dynamically into tables in the database via client calls to the SQL server. A supervisor process running on the SQL server determines if active zoom cameras should be dispatched to observe a particular target, and this message is effected via writing demands into another database table. We show results from a real implementation of the system comprising one static camera overviewing the environment under consideration and a PTZ camera operating under closed-loop velocity control, which uses a fast and robust level-set-based region tracker. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach and its feasibility to multi-camera systems for intelligent surveillance.
Densification of silica glass induced by 0.8 and 1.5μm intense femtosecond laser pulses (2006)

We investigate the physical mechanisms responsible for waveguide formation in silica glass induced by 1kHz intense femtosecond laser pulses from a Ti-sapphire laser at 0.8μm as well as from a femtosecond optical parametric amplifier at 1.5μm. It is demonstrated that the densification taking place at the irradiated region is the principal cause for refractive index change in the waveguides written with both 0.8 and 1.5μm pulses. The birefringence induced by the stress arising from such densification and its behavior against thermal annealing are also studied.
Posterior Eye Shape Measurement With Retinal OCT Compared to MRI (2016)

Distortion-corrected OCT measurements of Rc and Qxz were not statistically significantly different from MRI, although the moderate categorical agreement suggests that individual differences remained. This study provides evidence that with distortion correction, noninvasive office-based OCT could potentially be used instead of MRI for the study of posterior eye shape.
Effects of Oxidation State on Metal Ion Binding by Medicago sativa (Alfalfa):  Atomic and X-ray Absorption Spectroscopic Studies with Fe(II) and Fe(III) (2000)

We present here experimental results that investigate the effects of metal−ion binding on iron−ion sorption to and recovery from alfalfa biomass. Fe(II)− and Fe(III)−ion binding were measured in order to ascertain the differences in binding strengths due to changes in oxidation state. Stronger binding was found for iron(III)−biomass as compared to iron(II)−biomass. The optimal pH for iron uptake was determined to be 5. The results of pH binding profile, iron desorption, and temperature-dependent binding experiments as well as X-ray spectroscopic (XAS) measurements all suggest that binding of iron by alfalfa biomass may be occurring through carboxyl ligands. The XAS experiments further demonstrate that the metal binding proceeds without an oxidation state change, and both iron(II) and iron(III) have similar coordination environments. The information presented will assist in understanding the binding of other metals to alfalfa biomass and in developing methods for their recovery.
Commercial Boiler Burners (2010)

The American Boiler Manufacturers Association (www.abma.com) dened the commercial boilers as boilers having an input capacity between 400,000 (light) and 20,000,000 (heavy) Btu per hour with standard ef- ciency in the range of 80 to 85% and mostly burning natural gas, propane, and fuel oil. Per Consortium for Energy Efciency (www.cee1.org) almost 85% of commercial boilers are gas-red and annually use up to 602 trillion Btu of natural gas. Space heating accounts for approximately 66% of commercial boiler demand. Hot water accounts for most of the rest. More details on commercial boilers characterization can be found in a report by the Energy and Environmental Analysis, Inc [1]. Figure 19.1 illustrates a breakdown of the commercial boilers population and capacity by fuel type. It is clear that natural gas-red and dual-fuel units dominate the commercial boiler market, so their ef- cient and reliable performance along with low combustion emissions that comply with the local Air Quality Management District rules and regulations are the main targets for the boiler and burner manufacturers and end users.
Cyber-Resilient Cooperative Control of Bidirectional Interlinking Converters in Networked AC/DC Microgrids (2020)

Bidirectional interlinking converters (BICs) are building blocks of the networked ac/dc microgrids (ac/dc NMGs). Such BICs are controlled using the communication assisted cooperative control thus forming tightly coupled cyber-physical systems (CPSs). One of lethal problems in such CPS is its vulnerability to cyber-attacks. In this article, a cyber-resilient cooperative control for BICs in ac/dc NMGs is proposed to enhance the system resilience under false signal injection attacks. The proposed control can maintain the frequency/voltage regulation and real/reactive power sharing among multiple BICs under both single and multiple node attacks. The suitability of the proposed method is supported by the stability analysis using Lyapunov methods. Efficacy of the proposed method is demonstrated by the controller hardware-in-the-loop (CHIL) experiment. An ac/dc NMG with four BICs is developed in the OPAL-RT-based real-time simulator. The cyber-resilient controllers are implemented on four commercial programmable logic controllers by B&R automation. The CHIL-based experimental results support the effectiveness of the proposed controller under various attack scenarios.
Mitigating Bias in Federated Learning (2020)

As methods to create discrimination-aware models develop, they focus on centralized ML, leaving federated learning (FL) unexplored. FL is a rising approach for collaborative ML, in which an aggregator orchestrates multiple parties to train a global model without sharing their training data. In this paper, we discuss causes of bias in FL and propose three pre-processing and in-processing methods to mitigate bias, without compromising data privacy, a key FL requirement. As data heterogeneity among parties is one of the challenging characteristics of FL, we conduct experiments over several data distributions to analyze their effects on model performance, fairness metrics, and bias learning patterns. We conduct a comprehensive analysis of our proposed techniques, the results demonstrating that these methods are effective even when parties have skewed data distributions or as little as 20% of parties employ the methods.
Challenges around Cuffless Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring (2008)

Increased blood pressure - the highly prevalent hypertension syndrome - is the most common risk factor of myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, kidney failure and blindness. In the US 1 in 3 has hypertension and the total costs per year are $ 63.5 bln. State of the art devices for blood pressure monitoring are still mainly based on the sphygmo-manometric occlusive arm-cuff, which are clumsy, uncomfortable and allow only for intermittent measurements at intervals of several minutes. The talk deals with the pulse wave methodology that enables cuff-less blood pressure measurements, possibly at heartbeat-to-heartbeat level. The basic underlying theory, experimental results and current scientific challenges of this methodology will be presented.
Performance Evaluation of Passive Tag to Tag Communications (2022)

In the context of the UHF (Ultra High Frequency) passive RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, recent works have proposed a new paradigm demonstrating the possibility to perform short distance tag to tag (T2T) communications. This paper presents a study that focuses on the performance evaluation of T2T systems. Without loss of generality as to the methodology followed, dipole antennas are considered here (assumed ideal in the theoretical part, then printed for the rest of the study). The results obtained show that the modulation depth, which can be considered as an evaluation metric for the T2T systems, is strongly impacted by three main parameters: the switching impedances (here chosen as short-circuit and open-circuit); the geometrical configuration constituted by the two tag antennas forming the T2T system; and also, the position of the external source on which the backscatter communication relies. As the modulation depth is very sensitive to these three parameters, which are more or less directly related, it is very difficult to predict the communication quality for a given configuration. For example, when the two tags are in parallel and the source is symmetrically positioned, the modulation depth shows a decreasing trend by oscillating when the distance between the tags increases from <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.1~\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$1~\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda $ </tex-math></inline-formula> being the wavelength): with values going from 70% to less than 5%. As a consequence, from a very complete set of scenarios considered, the presented study helps to illustrate and explain the interactions of these parameters and their impact on the modulation depth. And at the same time, the paper provides guidelines for defining the specifications of such a system based on quantified results. The set is completed by introducing the BER (Bit Error Rate) as an evaluation metric by considering then a more complete T2T system (for instance listener tag including a non-coherent envelope detector).
The Evaluation of Alkyl Borane Compounds and Imidazole Borate Complexes as Initiators for Acrylic Adhesives Bonding Low Energy Substrates (2013)

Abstract Novel amido-borate initiators based on imidazolide bridged borate complexes were developed for acrylic adhesives used to bond low surface energy substrates. The focus of this development was examining the shelf life of the acrylic adhesive system as a function of the molecular architecture of the organoboron curative. The two key molecular features which significantly affect stability are: 1) the chain length of the alkyl groups on the boron atom and 2) arrangement of the imidazolide bridged borate structure. The results show that superior shelf life stability can be attained over the conventional trialkyl borane- and tetraalkyl borate-type initiators when this new family of catalysts (imidazolide borate compounds) is incorporated into the adhesive formulation without any harmful effect on cure speed. KEYWORDS: Acrylic adhesivesAutomotive adhesivesBETAMATE™ LESA adhesiveImidazolide borateLow bonding energy substratesOrganoboraneOrganoboronPolyolefinsShelf lifeStructural acrylicsSurface energyTetraalkyl borateTrialkyl borane Notes Color versions of one or more of the figures in the article can be found online at www.tandfonline.com/gadh.
Effect of chemokine signaling signatures on resolving discrepancy between TMB and checkpoint expression. (2020)

3131 Background: Tumor mutation burden (TMB) and PD1/L1 expression are independent biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade therapy, as seen in the Checkmate227 trial. Here we explore whether chemokine activity, an intermediate step between neoantigen presentation and immune-infiltration, can resolve this lack of association between existing biomarkers. We further use this novel biomarker to corroborate recent findings from Crowther et al. for a role of MHC class 1-related gene ( MR1) downregulation in immune evasion. Methods: 1,395 clinical samples from the NantHealth database with matched tumor:normal whole exomes and deep whole-transcriptomic sequencing (&gt; 200M reads) were available for analysis. The most common indications in the cohort were Breast (18%), Colon (9.8%), Lung (7.8%), Soft-tissue/Sarcomas (7.7%), and Pancreatic (6.1%). TMB was calculated by counting non-synonymous exonic mutations as per Rizvi, 2015. Immune-infiltration and chemokine signaling were inferred from RNAseq expression of published immune-cell-specific genesets (Bindea, 2013) and chemokine ligands (Nagarsheth, 2017) respectively. Significant associations between TMB, chemokine activity, immune-infiltration, and checkpoint expression were analyzed by ranksums test and corrected for multiple-hypothesis testing using Benjamini-Hochberg adjustment. Results: As expected, TMB and PD1/L1 mRNA expression were not correlated in this cohort (r = 0.08 and r = 0.07 respectively). 36.3% of patients classified as highly immune-infiltrated by unsupervised clustering of immune-cell scores, and this subgroup significantly overexpressed all 11 targetable checkpoint genes analyzed including PD1, PDL1, CTLA4, IDO1, and VISTA (adj. p 9.7e-68 to 4e-168). There was no association between immune-infiltrated samples and TMB (t = 0.9, p = 0.35). Twice as many patients classified as chemokine-active (70.0%) and there was significant agreement between immune-infiltrated and chemokine-active patients (OR = 34.8, p = 6.5e-81). Interestingly, there was a weak but significant association between high chemokine-activity and increased TMB (t = 3.3, p = 0.001). Within patients that were chemokine-active but lacked immune-infiltration, MR1 expression was significantly depleted (t = -10.7, p = 1e-26). Conclusions: Chemokine signatures can help resolve discordance between TMB and checkpoint expression. Analysis of discordance between chemokine-active but immune-depleted tumors may aid in identifying targets for converting from cold to hot tumor microenvironments.
Derivations of the Balafoutis & Patel Recursive Dynamics Formulation (2000)

In the Siggraph 1996 paper, Efficient Generation of Motion Transitions Using Spacetime Constraints [3], we used the Balafoutis and Patel dynamics formulation [1] together with the spacetime optimization animation technique [4] to create high-quality transitions for a full-body human-figure model. Balafoutis and Patel created the most efficient linear-recursive inverse dynamics method currently known. In order to perform gradient-based optimization, such as with BFGS [2], we derived the partials of their equations with respect to joint angle position, velocity, and acceleration. This technical report details the complete dynamics formulation used in [3], including all the partial equations which could not appear in Siggraph due to space limitations. This tech-report is intended as a companion to that paper.
Back Cover: Mix to Validate: A Facile, Reversible PEGylation for Fast Screening of Potential Therapeutic Proteins In Vivo (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 27/2013) (2013)

Increasing the half-life of therapeutic proteins in a specific, fast, and reliable way could greatly benefit the discovery of novel protein drugs. In their Communication on page 6880 ff., K. C. Lee, S. Lee, and co-workers conjugate Ni-NTA to poly(ethylene glycol) and then label oligohistidine-tagged therapeutic proteins to improve their stability in vivo without compromising bioactivity.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of (Perfluoroalkyl)fluoroiridium(III) and (Perfluoroalkyl)methyliridium(III) Compounds (2006)

A new family of metal perfluoroalkyl fluoro compounds has been obtained by treatment of the iodo precursors Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)I with AgF in CH2Cl2 solution in the dark to give Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)F (RF = CF3, CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, CF(CF3)2, CF(CF3)(CF2CF3)). The molecular structures of the compounds with RF = CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3, CF(CF3)2 have been determined crystallographically. These fluoro compounds provide a ready and reproducible route to the analogous methyl complexes Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)CH3, by treatment with exactly 0.5 equiv of Zn(CH3)2 at low temperatures in toluene. Alkylation with other reagents such as CH3Li and Cp2Zr(CH3)2 leads to inseparable mixtures. This metathesis of Ir−F and Zn−CH3 represents the only way to date for the clean reproducible synthesis of Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)CH3 compounds containing primary perfluoroalkyl groups. The molecular structures of Cp*Ir(PMe3)(RF)CH3 (RF = CF2CF3, CF2CF2CF3) have been determined crystallographically.
A Data-Aided Timing Acquisition for Pulse Position Modulated UWB Signals (2006)

Detecting the ultra-short pulses in ultra-wideband radios requires rapid and accurate timing acquisition. An optimal data-aided timing acquisition algorithm based on minimum probability of error criterion is proposed. The estimation of timing offset parameter is derived in closed form. The cross-modulation interference (CMI) due to multipath components during the transmission of pulse position modulated (PPM) signal is introduced. A suboptimal data-aided timing acquisition algorithm is derived from the optimal algorithm for practical implementations. The BER performances of the proposed and conventional algorithms are simulated. The results show that optimal algorithm performs better than suboptimal algorithm in CMl channel whereas the suboptimal algorithm performs as good as the optimal algorithm in CM4 channel. Both proposed algorithms outperform the conventional algorithm in both channels.