gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ComputeDRAM (2019)

In-memory computing has long been promised as a solution to the "Memory Wall" problem. Recent work has proposed using chargesharing on the bit-lines of a memory in order to compute in-place and with massive parallelism, all without having to move data across the memory bus. Unfortunately, prior work has required modification to RAM designs (e.g. adding multiple row decoders) in order to open multiple rows simultaneously. So far, the competitive and low-margin nature of the DRAM industry has made commercial DRAM manufacturers resist adding any additional logic into DRAM. This paper addresses the need for in-memory computation with little to no change to DRAM designs. It is the first work to demonstrate in-memory computation with off-the-shelf, unmodified, commercial, DRAM. This is accomplished by violating the nominal timing specification and activating multiple rows in rapid succession, which happens to leave multiple rows open simultaneously, thereby enabling bit-line charge sharing. We use a constraint-violating command sequence to implement and demonstrate row copy, logical OR, and logical AND in unmodified, commodity, DRAM. Subsequently, we employ these primitives to develop an architecture for arbitrary, massively-parallel, computation. Utilizing a customized DRAM controller in an FPGA and commodity DRAM modules, we characterize this opportunity in hardware for all major DRAM vendors. This work stands as a proof of concept that in-memory computation is possible with unmodified DRAM modules and that there exists a financially feasible way for DRAM manufacturers to support in-memory compute.
400 Hz frequency stability of a GaAlAs laser frequency locked to the Rb (D2) line (1990)

A commercial GaAlAs injection laser is frequency locked to the Rb (D2) transition. A relative frequency stability of 400 Hz is measured for a 24-s averaging time. The frequency stability of this device with only temperature control is 4 kHz. This is a factor of 20 improvement in the state of the art for temperature control stability for semiconductor lasers.
A novel WFS technique for high-contrast imaging: Phase Sorting Interferometry (PSI) (2008)

High-contrast adaptive optics (AO) observations near stars have to contend with the telescope's diffraction halo, a rapidly-changing cloud of residual atmospheric speckles, and a host of faint but persistent quasi-static speckles caused by various imperfections and aberrations. It is these quasi-static speckles that typically limit the detection sensitivity near stars as they are easily confused with faint stellar companions. Since they are coherent with the starlight, it is possible to suppress the quasi-static speckles and other residual diffraction halo over a search region by applying small offsets to the AO system's deformable mirror (DM). Computing the required offsets requires knowledge of the location, brightness, and phase of the speckle relative to the star's PSF core. We present a new wavefront sensing technique for measuring the static halo that uses the randomly-changing residual AO speckles as interferometric probes. Doing this requires simultaneous short-exposure frames from a mid-IR science camera and measurements of the residual closed-loop wavefront using the AO system's wavefront sensor (WFS). These data streams are combined to construct a map of the quasi-static halo's complex amplitude near the bright core of a star's PSF, permitting adaptive halo suppression. Implementing this new WFS and halo-suppression servo requires no new hardware, just new processing applied to the existing AO system. By suppressing the quasi-static speckles, we are left with only the fast speckle noise, which should average to a smooth background.
TGF-β2, catalase activity, H 2 O 2 output and metastatic potential of diverse types of tumour (2018)

Abstract Theileria annulata is a protozoan parasite that infects and transforms bovine macrophages causing a myeloid-leukaemia-like disease called tropical theileriosis. TGF-β2 is highly expressed in many cancer cells and is significantly increased in Theileria -transformed macrophages, as are levels of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), notably H 2 O 2 . Here, we describe the interplay between TGF-β2 and ROS in cellular transformation. We show that TGF-β2 drives expression of catalase to reduce the amount of H 2 O 2 produced by T. annulata -transformed bovine macrophages, as well as by human lung (A549) and colon cancer (HT-29) cell lines. Theileria -transformed macrophages attenuated for dissemination express less catalase and produce more H 2 O 2 , but regain both virulent migratory and matrigel traversal phenotypes when stimulated with TGF-β2, or catalase that reduce H 2 O 2 output. Increased H 2 O 2 output therefore, underpins the aggressive dissemination phenotype of diverse tumour cell types, but in contrast, too much H 2 O 2 can dampen dissemination.
Autonomous control technique for high-performance switches (1992)

A method for creating high-performance switch modules from power transistors and simple control circuits is presented. The method is based on switching function principles by which any type of switch can be represented by an ideal switch in combination with basic logic elements. These high-performance modules can be configured to emulate diodes, thyristors, special resonant devices, or nearly any other switch type. The control is autonomous-it depends on the terminal behavior and external gate signals and requires no additional information from the application circuit. Experimental examples of several switch modules in low-voltage power converters are given. The experimental modules use power MOSFETs and give performance similar to that of synchronous rectifiers but with much greater flexibility. An example is noted in which a module configured to emulate a silicon controlled rectifier (SCR) shows voltage drops below 0.25 V at several amperes of forward current.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Similarity of Properties of Metamaterial Slow-Wave Structures and Metallic Periodic Structures (2016)

A study of the evolution of wave dispersion in systems of all-metallic periodic structures with increasing corrugation depth shows a similarity of the properties of waves in metamaterial slow-wave structures (MSWSs) and traditional metallic SWSs used in high-power microwave sources. We show that the main properties of MSWSs, such as the existence of a lowest order negative dispersion wave below cutoff, also appear in ordinary metallic periodic systems with deep corrugations. Furthermore, we find that the appearance of negative dispersion in all-metallic periodic structures with increasing corrugation depth is accompanied by a hybrid mode being identified as the lowest order negative dispersion mode.
No supportive evidence for TIA1 gene mutations in a European cohort of ALS-FTD spectrum patients (2018)

We evaluated the genetic contribution of the T cell-restricted intracellular antigen-1 gene (TIA1) in a European cohort of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients. Exonic resequencing of TIA1 in 1120 patients (693 FTD, 341 ALS, 86 FTD-ALS) and 1039 controls identified in total 5 rare heterozygous missense variants, affecting the TIA1 low-complexity domain (LCD). Only 1 missense variant, p.Met290Thr, identified in a familial FTD patient with disease onset at 64 years, was absent from controls yet received a combined annotation-dependent depletion score of 11.42. By contrast, 3 of the 4 variants also detected in unaffected controls, p.Val294Glu, p.Gln318Arg, and p.Ala381Thr, had combined annotation-dependent depletion scores greater than 20. Our findings in a large European patient-control series indicate that variants in TIA1 are not a common cause of ALS and FTD. The observation of recurring TIA1 missense variants in unaffected individuals lead us to conclude that the exact genetic contribution of TIA1 to ALS and FTD pathogenesis remains to be further elucidated.
The Power of Adiabatic Quantum Computation with No Sign Problem (2021)

We show a superpolynomial oracle separation between the power of adiabatic quantum computation with no sign problem and the power of classical computation.
Biochemical Characterization of a Family 15 Carbohydrate Esterase from a Bacterial Marine Arctic Metagenome (2016)

MZ0003 appears to differ from previously-studied CE15s in some aspects. Some glucuronoyl esterase activity could be measured by qualitative thin-layer chromatography which confirms its assignment as a CE15, however MZ0003 can also hydrolyze a range of other esters, including p-nitrophenyl acetate, which is not acted upon by some fungal homologs. The structure of MZ0003 also appears to differ as it is predicted to have several large loop regions that are absent in previously studied CE15s, and a combination of homology-based modelling and site-directed mutagenesis indicate its catalytic residues deviate from the conserved Ser-His-Glu triad of many fungal CE15s. Taken together, these results indicate that potentially unexplored diversity exists among bacterial CE15s, and this may be accessed by investigation of the microbial metagenome. The combination of low activity on typical glucuronoyl esterase substrates, and the lack of glucuronic acid esters in the marine environment suggest that the physiological substrate of MZ0003 and its homologs is likely to be different from that of related fungal enzymes.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular and Supramolecular Dynamics of Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Interfaces for the Rational Construction of Advanced Hybrid Nanomaterials (2011)

Abstract Review: 107 refs.
Nonlinear-optical processing by means of phase coding (1991)

A new look at nonlinear-optical processing that uses Fourier plane filtering is discussed. Traditional binary intensity-to-space recording (halftoning) is replaced by simple continuous phase coding. Some proof-of-principle experimental results demonstrate a superior 103:1 input dynamic range. The phase response of the photosensitive material can be measured as an addition to this proposed technique.
Vaccines, new opportunities for a new society (2014)

Vaccination is the most effective medical intervention ever introduced and, together with clean water and sanitation, it has eliminated a large part of the infectious diseases that once killed millions of people. A recent study concluded that since 1924 in the United States alone, vaccines have prevented 40 million cases of diphtheria, 35 million cases of measles, and a total of 103 million cases of childhood diseases. A report from the World Health Organization states that today vaccines prevent 2.5 million deaths per year: Every minute five lives are saved by vaccines worldwide. Overall, vaccines have done and continue to do an excellent job in eliminating or reducing the impact of childhood diseases. Furthermore, thanks to new technologies, vaccines now have the potential to make an enormous contribution to the health of modern society by preventing and treating not only communicable diseases in all ages, but also noncommunicable diseases such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. The achievement of these results requires the development of novel technologies and health economic models able to capture not only the mere cost-benefit of vaccination, but also the value of health per se.
Supply Chain Sustainability Analysis of Renewable Hydrocarbon Fuels via Indirect Liquefaction, Ex Situ Catalytic Fast Pyrolysis, Hydrothermal Liquefaction, Combined Algal Processing, and Biochemical Conversion: Update of the 2018 State-of-Technology Cases and Design Cases (2018)

This technical report describes the SCSAs for the production of renewable hydrocarbon transportation fuels via a range of conversion technologies: (1) renewable high octane gasoline (HOG) via indirect liquefaction (IDL) of woody lignocellulosic biomass (note that the IDL pathway in this SCSA represents the syngas conversion design in the 2018 SOT and 2022 design cases [Tan et al., 2018]); (2) renewable gasoline (RG) and diesel (RD) blendstocks via ex situ catalytic fast pyrolysis of woody lignocellulosic biomass; (3) RD via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of wet sludge from a wastewater treatment plant; (4) renewable hydrocarbon fuels via biochemical conversion of herbaceous lignocellulosic biomass; (5) renewable diesel via HTL of a blend of algae and woody biomass; and (6) renewable diesel via combined algae processing (CAP). This technical report focuses on the environmental performance of these six biofuel production pathways in their 2018 SOT cases, as well as in their design cases (future target projections). The results of these renewable hydrocarbon fuel pathways in these SCSA analyses update those for the respective 2015 and 2016 SOT cases (Edward Frank et al. 2016; Hao Cai et al. 2016, 2017; Cai et al. 2018) in the case of IDL, algae CAP, and biochemical conversion pathways. They also provide an opportunity to examine the impact of technology improvements in both biomass feedstock production and biofuel production that have been achieved in 2018 SOTs on the sustainability performance of these renewable transportation fuels, and they reflect updates to Argonne National Laboratory’s Greenhouse gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy use in Transportation (GREET®) model, which was released in October 2018 (Wang et al. 2018). These GREET updates include production of natural gas, electricity, and petroleum-based fuels that can influence biofuels’ supply chain greenhouse gas (GHG) (CO2, CH4, and N2O) emissions, water consumption and air pollutant emissions. GHG emissions, water consumption, and 2 nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions are the main sustainability metrics assessed in this analysis. In this analysis, we define water consumption as the amount of water withdrawn from a freshwater source that is not returned (or returnable) to a freshwater source at the same level of quality. Life-cycle fossil energy consumption and net energy balance, which is the life-cycle fossil energy consumption deducted from the renewable biofuel energy produced, are also assessed.
Sequenom , Inc. (2008)

Sequenom is an established genomic analysis company with two principal divisions: genetic analysis systems and reagents, and noninvasive prenatal diagnostics. As an industry innovator in DNA detection technology, Sequenom's benchtop MassARRAY Compact system allows a direct mass measurement of nucleic acids, providing unparalleled precision and quantitation. The MassARRAY system is a multi-application MALDI-TOF MS platform for genotyping, methylation and quantitative gene expression analysis. Sequenom continues to refine these core applications and has developed several new applications for copy number variation analysis and comparative sequence analysis for bacteria and viruses. On the diagnostics front, Sequenom is developing a comprehensive portfolio of prenatal test methods by combining the versatility of the MassARRAY system with the Company's SEQureDxtrade mark technology, which enables the detection of circulating cell-free fetal nucleic acids in a maternal blood sample.
Superconductivity in molecular solids with Jahn-Teller phonons (2002)

We analyze fulleride superconductivity at experimental doping levels, treating the electron-electron and electron-phonon interactions on an equal footing, and establish the existence of novel physics which helps explain the unusually high superconducting transition temperatures in these systems. The Jahn-Teller phonons create a local (intramolecular) pairing that is surprisingly resistant to the Coulomb repulsion, despite the weakness of retardation in these low-bandwidth systems. The requirement for coherence throughout the solid to establish superconductivity then yields a very strong doping dependence to Tc, one consistent with experiment and much stronger than expected from standard Eliashberg theory.
Molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of cytokine production by muramyl dipeptide (2007)

MDP (muramyl dipeptide), a component of peptidoglycan, interacts with NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2) stimulating the NOD2-RIP2 (receptor-interacting protein 2) complex to activate signalling pathways important for antibacterial defence. Here we demonstrate that the protein kinase activity of RIP2 has two functions, namely to limit the strength of downstream signalling and to stabilize the active enzyme. Thus pharmacological inhibition of RIP2 kinase with either SB 203580 [a p38 MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) inhibitor] or the Src family kinase inhibitor PP2 induces a rapid and drastic decrease in the level of the RIP2 protein, which may explain why these RIP2 inhibitors block MDP-stimulated downstream signalling and the production of IL-1beta (interleukin-1beta) and TNFalpha (tumour necrosis factor-alpha). We also show that RIP2 induces the activation of the protein kinase TAK1 (transforming-growth-factor-beta-activated kinase-1), that a dominant-negative mutant of TAK1 inhibits RIP2-induced activation of JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase) and p38alpha MAPK, and that signalling downstream of NOD2 or RIP2 is reduced by the TAK1 inhibitor (5Z)-7-oxozeaenol or in TAK1-deficient cells. We also show that MDP activates ERK1 (extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1)/ERK2 and p38alpha MAPK in human peripheral-blood mononuclear cells and that the activity of both MAPKs and TAK1 are required for MDP-induced signalling and production of IL-1beta and TNFalpha in these cells. Taken together, our results indicate that the MDP-NOD2/RIP2 and LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4) signalling pathways converge at the level of TAK1 and that many subsequent events that lead to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines are common to both pathways.
Nipah Virus C Protein Recruits Tsg101 to Promote the Efficient Release of Virus in an ESCRT-Dependent Pathway (2016)

The budding of Nipah virus, a deadly member of the Henipavirus genus within the Paramyxoviridae, has been thought to be independent of the host ESCRT pathway, which is critical for the budding of many enveloped viruses. This conclusion was based on the budding properties of the virus matrix protein in the absence of other virus components. Here, we find that the virus C protein, which was previously investigated for its role in antagonism of innate immunity, recruits the ESCRT pathway to promote efficient virus release. Inhibition of ESCRT or depletion of the ESCRT factor Tsg101 abrogates the C enhancement of matrix budding and impairs live Nipah virus release. Further, despite the low sequence homology of the C proteins of known henipaviruses, they all enhance the budding of their cognate matrix proteins, suggesting a conserved and previously unknown function for the henipavirus C proteins.
The continuous reinvention of diffractive optics (2004)

We show in this paper how the field of diffractive optics has moved during these past twenty years from academic research to main stream industry and consumer electronics. We analyze the main driving forces, the various enabling technologies and techniques for both design, fabrication and mass production of diffractive optics, and the successive markets in which this technology has been able to provide economically viable solutions to specific industrials needs. More specifically, we will see how niche applications making use of special features of diffractive optics seem to survive the applications involving the same diffractives, issued from the successive main technology driven investment bubbles.
Reducing Memory Ordering Overheads in Software Transactional Memory (2009)

Most research into high-performance software transactional memory (STM) assumes that transactions will run on a processor with a relatively strict memory model, such as Total Store Ordering (TSO). To execute these algorithms correctly on processors with relaxed memory models, explicit fence instructions may be required on every transactional access, and neither the processor nor the compiler may be able to safely reorder transactional reads. The overheads of fence instructions and read serialization are a significant but unstudied source of latency for STM, with impact on the tradeoffs among different STM systems and on the optimizations that may be possible for any given system. Straightforward ports of STM runtimes from strict to relaxed machines may fail to realize the latter's performance potential. We explore the implementation of STM for machines with relaxed memory consistency using two recent high-performance STM systems. We propose compiler optimizations that can safely eliminate many fence instructions. Using these techniques, we obtain a reduction of up to 89% in the number of fences, and 20% in per-transaction latency, for common transactional benchmarks.
Current and flux regulation in field-weakening operation [of induction motors] (2002)

Induction motor field-weakening techniques have been developed which provide maximum torque capability above rated speed. Unfortunately most of these techniques are valid only for steady-state operation and show significant sensitivity to DC bus voltage and machine parameters. This paper analyzes the requirements of dynamically providing maximum torque under field-weakening operation. Three major issues are addressed: current regulator design; saturation techniques for current regulators in order to ensure best performance under voltage constraints; and flux regulator design to minimize transient errors when varying flux. Maximum DC bus utilization through the proper use of saturation techniques, dynamic response and reduced sensitivity are the advantages of the proposed solution.
The asynchronous 24MB on-chip level-3 cache for a dual-core Itanium-family processor (2005)

The 24MB level-3 cache on a dual-core Itanium/spl reg/ processor has more than 1.47G transistors. The cache uses an asynchronous design to reduce latency and power, and it includes other power saving and reliability improvement features. The 5-cycle array operates above 2GHz at 0.8V and 85/spl deg/C while consuming less than 4.2W.
Media Capabilities that Support Identity Communication in Virtual Teams (2015)

Virtual teams play an increasingly important role in the modern economy, and many organizations struggle to overcome the weaknesses inherent in technology-mediated work. Identity communication has been shown to greatly improve individual- and group-level outcomes in offline settings, but these benefits have not been investigated in the context of virtual teams, where mediated interaction can reduce the opportunity for identity communication. Building on prior media theories, we develop and test a model explaining how technology can enable identity communication in virtual settings. Using a controlled experiment (N=186), we test our hypotheses and find strong support for the proposed model. Our study has important implications for researchers seeking to understand identity communication via technology and for practitioners hoping to improve virtual team communication and collaboration.