gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Ligand Dissociation in Octahedral Ruthenium(II) Complexes Containing Both Unidentate and Bidentate Phosphine Ligands. (1987)

Abstract The monomeric 6‐coordinate Ru(II) complexes (II) are prepared as shown via three different synthetic methods a) starting from the chloro‐bridged complex (I) giving (IIa), b) from hydrated RuCl 3 (III) in MeOH giving (IIa), (IIb), or c) from the phosphine analogue (IV) in toluene producing (IIc), (IId) or (IIa).
“Breaking news” from spermatids (2013)

During the haploid phase of spermatogenesis, spermatids undergo a complex remodeling of the paternal genome involving the finely orchestrated replacement of histones by the highly-basic protamines. The associated striking change in DNA topology is characterized by a transient surge of both single- and double-stranded DNA breaks in the whole population of spermatids which are repaired before spermiation. These transient DNA breaks are now considered part of the normal differentiation program of these cells. Despite an increasing interest in the study of spermiogenesis in the last decade and the potential threat to the haploid genome, the origin of these DNA breaks still remains elusive. This review briefly outlines the current hypotheses regarding possible mechanisms that may lead to such transient DNA fragmentation including torsional stress, enzyme-induced breaks, apoptosis-like processes or oxidative stress. A better understanding of the origin of these DNA breaks will lead to further investigations on the genetic instability and mutagenic potential induced by the chromatin remodeling.
Thyroid dysfunction after Alemtuzumab treatment for multiple sclerosis : a report of four cases (2018)

peer reviewed
Emerging PPARγ-Independent Role of PPARγLigands in Lung Diseases (2012)

Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPAR)-γ is a nuclear hormone receptor that is activated by multiple agonists including thiazolidinediones, prostaglandins, and synthetic oleanolic acids. Many PPARγ ligands are under investigation as potential therapies for human diseases. These ligands modulate multiple cellular pathways via both PPARγ-dependent and PPARγ-independent mechanisms. Here, we review the role of PPARγ and PPARγ ligands in lung disease, with emphasis on PPARγ-independent effects. PPARγ ligands show great promise in moderating lung inflammation, as antiproliferative agents in combination to enhance standard chemotherapy in lung cancer and as treatments for pulmonary fibrosis, a progressive fatal disease with no effective therapy. Some of these effects occur when PPARγ is pharmaceutically antagonized or genetically PPARγ and are thus independent of classical PPARγ-dependent transcriptional control. Many PPARγ ligands demonstrate direct binding to transcription factors and other proteins, altering their function and contributing to PPARγ-independent inhibition of disease phenotypes. These PPARγ-independent mechanisms are of significant interest because they suggest new therapeutic uses for currently approved drugs and because they can be used as probes to identify novel proteins and pathways involved in the pathogenesis or treatment of disease, which can then be targeted for further investigation and drug development.
Diode-Laser-Based Spectrometer for Sensing Gases (2005)

A diode-laser-based spectrometer has been developed for measuring concentrations of gases and is intended particularly for use in analyzing and monitoring combustion processes under microgravitational conditions in a drop tower or a spacecraft. This instrument is also well suited for use on Earth in combustion experiments and for such related purposes as fire-safety monitoring and monitoring toxic and flammable gases in industrial settings. Of the gas-sensing spectrometers available prior to the development of this instrument, those that were sensitive enough for measuring the combustion gases of interest were too large, required critical optical alignments, used far too much electrical power, and were insufficiently rugged for use under the severe conditions of spacecraft launch and space flight. In contrast, the present instrument is compact, consumes relatively little power, and is rugged enough to withstand launch vibrations and space flight. In addition, this instrument is characterized by long-term stability, accuracy, and reliability. The diode laser in this spectrometer is operated in a wavelength-modulation mode. Different gases to be measured can be selected by changing modular laser units. The operation of the laser is controlled by customized, low-power electronic circuitry built around a digital signal-processor board. This customized circuitry also performs acquisition and analysis of data, controls communications, and manages errors.
Interatrial dissociation in an unoperated patient confirmed by echocardiography (2016)

An 89-year-old man with a 12-year history of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter was referred for pacemaker implantation and atrioventricular node ablation 19 months after discontinuing amiodarone due to side effects. He had no prior cardiac surgery or catheter ablation. …
COMPUTER MODELING OF ATMOSPHERIC ICE ACCRETION (1979)

A computer model is described to compute the amount of ice accretion on an object under a variety of initial conditions. Numerical techniques are best applied to these problems because of time dependent effects governing the amount of ice collected and also the variety of initial conditions that can lead to ice accumulation. The helicopter rotor icing problem adds an additional complexity since the velocity along the rotor blade varies over a wide range strongly affecting the amounts of ice collected at different blade positions. The physics of ice accretion is reviewed and the accounting for time-dependence in the computer model is described. Some model results are presented and indicate the dependence of ice accretion on velocity, droplet sizes, cloud liquid water content, and temperature for a cylindrical object of constant size. (Author)
Hydroxypyridinethione Inhibitors of Human Insulin‐Degrading Enzyme (2021)

Insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) is a human mononuclear Zn<sup>2+</sup> -dependent metalloenzyme that is widely regarded as the primary peptidase responsible for insulin degradation. Despite its name, IDE is also critically involved in the hydrolysis of several other disparate peptide hormones, including glucagon, amylin, and the amyloid β-protein. As such, the study of IDE inhibition is highly relevant to deciphering the role of IDE in conditions such as type-2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer disease. There have been few reported IDE inhibitors, and of these, inhibitors that directly target the active-site Zn<sup>2+</sup> ion have yet to be fully explored. In an effort to discover new, zinc-targeting inhibitors of IDE, a library of ∼350 metal-binding pharmacophores was screened against IDE, resulting in the identification of 1-hydroxypyridine-2-thione (1,2-HOPTO) as an effective Zn<sup>2+</sup> -binding scaffold. Screening a focused library of HOPTO compounds identified 3-sulfonamide derivatives of 1,2-HOPTO as inhibitors of IDE (K<sub>i</sub> values of ∼50 μM). Further structure-activity relationship studies yielded several thiophene-sulfonamide HOPTO derivatives with good, broad-spectrum activity against IDE that have the potential to be useful pharmacological tools for future studies of IDE.
Enantioselective Synthesis of (−)-Terpestacin and Structural Revision of Siccanol Using Catalytic Stereoselective Fragment Couplings and Macrocyclizations (2004)

(-)-Terpestacin (1, naturally occurring enantiomer) and (+)-11-epi-terpestacin (2) were prepared using catalyst-controlled, stereoselective, intermolecular reductive coupling reactions of alkyne 9 and aldehyde 10, affording allylic alcohols 42 or 11-epi-42 in a 3:1 ratio (or 1:3 depending on the enantiomer of ligand 41a used). These stereoselective fragment couplings were instrumental in confirming that "siccanol" is not 11-epi-terpestacin but, in fact, is (-)-terpestacin itself. Several intramolecular alkyne-aldehyde reductive coupling approaches to 1 and 2 were also investigated and are discussed herein.
Nucleolar Localization of HIV-1 Rev Is Required, Yet Insufficient for Production of Infectious Viral Particles (2018)

Combination antiretroviral therapy fails in complete suppression of HIV-1 due to drug resistance and persistent latency. Novel therapeutic intervention requires knowledge of intracellular pathways responsible for viral replication, specifically those untargeted by antiretroviral drugs. An understudied phenomenon is the nucleolar localization of Rev phosphoprotein, which completes nucleocytoplasmic transport of unspliced/partially spliced HIV mRNA through multimerization with intronic cis-acting targets-the Rev-response element (RRE). Rev contains a nucleolar localization signal (NoLS) comprising the COOH terminus of the arginine-rich motif for accumulation within nucleoli-speculated as the interaction ground for Rev with cellular proteins mediating mRNA-independent nuclear export and splicing. Functionality of Rev nucleolar access during HIV-1 production and infection was investigated in the context of deletion and single-point mutations within Rev-NoLS. Mutations induced upon Rev-NoLS are hypothesized to inactivate the HIV-1 infectious cycle. HIV-1<sub>HXB2</sub> replication ceased with Rev mutations lacking nucleolar access due to loss or replacement of multiple arginine residues. Rev mutations missing single arginine residues remained strictly nucleolar in pattern and participated in proviral production, however, with reduced efficiency. Viral RNA packaging also decreased in efficiency after expression of nucleolar-localizing mutations. These results were observed during propagation of variant HIV-1<sub>NL4-3</sub> containing nucleolar-localizing mutations within the viral backbone (M4, M5, and M6). Lentiviral particles produced with Rev single-point mutations were transducible at extremely low frequency. Similarly, HIV-1<sub>NL4-3</sub> Rev-NoLS variants lost infectivity, unlike virulent WT (wild type) HIV-1<sub>NL4-3</sub>. HIV-1<sub>NL4-3</sub> variants were capable of CD4<sup>+</sup> host entry and reverse transcription as WT HIV-1<sub>NL4-3</sub>, but lacked ability to complete a full infectious cycle. We currently reveal that viral integration is deregulated in the presence of Rev-NoLS mutations.
Cyclodextrin‐Modified Zeolites: Host–Guest Surface Chemistry for the Construction of Multifunctional Nanocontainers (2013)

The functionalization of nanoporous zeolite L crystals with β-cyclodextrin (CD) has been demonstrated. The zeolite surface was first modified with amino groups by using two different aminoalkoxysilanes. Then, 1,4-phenylene diisothiocyanate was reacted with the amino monolayer and used to bind CD heptamine by using its remaining isothiocyanate groups. The use of the different aminoalkoxysilanes, 3-aminopropyl dimethylethoxysilane (APDMES) and 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES), led to drastic differences in uptake and release properties. Thionine was found to be absorbed and released from amino- and CD-functionalized zeolites when APDMES was used, whereas functionalization by APTES led to complete blockage of the zeolite channels. Fluorescence microscopy showed that the CD groups covalently attached to the zeolite crystals could bind adamantyl-modified dyes in a specific and reversible manner. This strategy allowed the specific immobilization of His-tagged proteins by using combined host-guest and His-tag-Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) coordination chemistry. Such multifunctional systems have the potential for encapsulation of drug molecules inside the zeolite pores and non-covalent attachment of other (for example, targeting) ligand molecules on its surface.
Retraction: A highly concise and practical route to clavaminols, sphinganine and (+)-spisulosine via indium mediated allylation of α-hydrazino aldehyde and a theoretical insight into the stereochemical aspects of the reaction (2019)

[This retracts the article DOI: 10.1039/C3RA43048K.].
Dendritic Cell Infiltration and Prognosis of Early Stage Breast Cancer (2004)

Infiltration by pDC of primary localized breast tumor correlates with an adverse outcome, suggesting their contribution in the progression of breast cancer.
Estimation and compensation of Doppler effect in UAC OFDM systems (2011)

Doppler effect causes loss of orthogonality in Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), which in turn may severely degrade receiver performance. In high data rate underwater acoustic communication (UAC) systems, the effect of Doppler varies considerably over OFDM band. This research presents an algorithm to avoid and/or to compensate the effect of varying Doppler shift over OFDM sub-carriers in order to maintain orthogonality and/or to compensate loss of orthogonality.
Layered Noisy Network Coding (2010)

Noisy network coding naturally combines two parallel lines of work on network information flow-network coding over noiseless networks by Ahlswede, Cai, Li, and Yeung, and compress-forward coding for the relay channel by Cover and El Gamal and extends both results to general discrete memoryless and Gaussian networks. In particular, it achieves the best known capacity inner bounds for several multi-source multicast networks including deterministic networks by Avestimehr, Diggavi, and Tse and erasure networks by Dana, Gowaikar, Palanki, Hassibi, and Effros. In this paper we further improve noisy network coding for the two-way relay channel. In the new scheme, instead of the relay node just sending a common compression index to both destinations, the relay compresses its observation into a description of two layers. The common layer is used at both decoders, while the refinement layer is used only at one of the decoders. The advantage of the new scheme is demonstrated through an example of the Gaussian two-way relay channel.
Functional Analyses of Caffeic Acid O-Methyltransferase and Cinnamoyl-CoA-Reductase Genes from Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium perenne) (2010)

Cinnamoyl CoA-reductase (CCR) and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyze key steps in the biosynthesis of monolignols, which serve as building blocks in the formation of plant lignin. We identified candidate genes encoding these two enzymes in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and show that the spatio-temporal expression patterns of these genes in planta correlate well with the developmental profile of lignin deposition. Downregulation of CCR1 and caffeic acid O-methyltransferase 1 (OMT1) using an RNA interference-mediated silencing strategy caused dramatic changes in lignin level and composition in transgenic perennial ryegrass plants grown under both glasshouse and field conditions. In CCR1-deficient perennial ryegrass plants, metabolic profiling indicates the redirection of intermediates both within and beyond the core phenylpropanoid pathway. The combined results strongly support a key role for the OMT1 gene product in the biosynthesis of both syringyl- and guaiacyl-lignin subunits in perennial ryegrass. Both field-grown OMT1-deficient and CCR1-deficient perennial ryegrass plants showed enhanced digestibility without obvious detrimental effects on either plant fitness or biomass production. This highlights the potential of metabolic engineering not only to enhance the forage quality of grasses but also to produce optimal feedstock plants for biofuel production.
Power flow analysis for structural finite element models (1993)

Research on calculating mechanical power flow quantities (steady-state structural intensities and power dissipation) in finite element models from dynamic forces and velocities output by the NASTRAN computer program is summarized. Mechanical power formulations for the axial, torsional, and bending motion of beams and the membrane and bending motion of plates are presented. The formulations have been implemented in the program McPOW (Mechanical POWer) [S. A. Hambric, J. Vib. Acoust. 112, 542–549 (1990)], which functions as a post-processor to NASTRAN. Results are shown from a study comparing experimental and finite element flexural power measurements for a point excited straight beam with compliant end mounts. The good agreement of the experimental and numerical power spectra serve to validate the finite element mechanical power method. Also, animations of the power flow response of a cantilever plate model over a frequency range encompassing several low- to mid-order flexural and membrane modes were performed on graphics computers and recorded on videotape, and will be presented to show the benefit of visualization techniques in understanding mechanical power analyses.
Performance of Fiber-Optic Inband Relaying against Self-Interference in Both Uplink and Downlink (2015)

This paper proposes a new type of fiber-optic relaying that extends the coverage of mobile networks. The antenna facing the evolved Node B is geographically separated from the antenna facing the user equipment, and the two antennas are connected by an optical fiber. This paper proposes a design approach for fiber-optic inband relaying in the presence of self-interference, which is the interference between the backhaul and access links. The theoretical desired-to-undesired- signal ratio (DUR) resulting from the interference is discussed for both uplink and downlink on the basis of a practical layout model. Moreover, we show the DUR performance for two types of path loss models.
Sidewall electrode TiO x /TiO x N y resistive random access memory with excellent memory window control and reliability using plasma oxidation and a novel degradation-detecting writing algorithm (2017)

A TiOx/TiOxNy resistive random access memory (ReRAM) with a sidewall bottom electrode (BE) is demonstrated for the first time. Several interesting characteristics that are very desirable for high reliability memory applications are observed: (1) a stable RESET and SET resistance switching window even without write verification, (2) good 250 °C data retention, (3) ReRAM switching instability after cycling is monitored and corrected, resulting in good reliability, and (4) using only complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) familiar materials and processes, thus very manufacture-friendly. The thickness and quality of TiOx and TiOxNy are well controlled by plasma oxidation, and a large resistance switching window (>10×), a low operation voltage, and good reliability are realized.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Synthesis of Per‐O‐alkylated Glycono‐δ‐lactones from Per‐O‐alkylated Glycopyranosides and a Novel Ring Contraction for Pyranoses. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Catalytic Conversion of Renewable Resources into Bulk and Fine Chemicals (2016)

Several strategies can be chosen to convert renewable resources into chemicals. In this account, I exemplify the route that starts with so-called platform chemicals; these are relatively simple chemicals that can be produced in high yield, directly from renewable resources, either via fermentation or via chemical routes. They can be converted into the existing bulk chemicals in a very efficient manner using multistep catalytic conversions. Two examples are given of the conversion of sugars into nylon intermediates. 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) can be prepared in good yield from fructose. Two hydrogenation steps convert HMF into 1,6-hexanediol. Oppenauer oxidation converts this product into caprolactone, which in the past, has been converted into caprolactam in a large-scale industrial process by reaction with ammonia. An even more interesting platform chemical is levulinic acid (LA), which can be obtained directly from lignocellulose in good yield by treatment with dilute sulfuric acid at 200°C. Hydrogenation converts LA into gamma-valerolactone, which is ring-opened and esterified in a gas-phase process to a mixture of isomeric methyl pentenoates in excellent selectivity. In a remarkable selective palladium-catalysed isomerising methoxycarbonylation, this mixture is converted in to dimethyl adipate, which is finally hydrolysed to adipic acid. Overall selectivities of both processes are extremely high. The conversion of lignin into chemicals is a much more complicated task in view of the complex nature of lignin. It was discovered that breakage of the most prevalent β-O-4 bond in lignin occurs not only via the well-documented C3 pathway, but also via a C2 pathway, leading to the formation of highly reactive phenylacetaldehydes. These compounds went largely unnoticed as they immediately recondense on lignin. We have now found that it is possible to prevent this by converting these aldehydes in a tandem reaction, as they are formed. For this purpose, we have used three different methods: acetalisation, hydrogenation, and decarbonylation. These reactions were first established in the tandem reactions of model compounds, but subsequently, we were able to show that this works equally well on organosolv lignin and even on lignocellulose.
A Hybrid UWB Modulation Design Compatible for both Coherent and Transmit-Reference Receivers (2006)

In a pulsed UWB system, either coherent receivers or transmit-reference (TR) receivers can be used to demodulate the signals. For coherent receivers, which are typically based on a Rake stfucture, the large number of resolvable multipaths is a major challenge for channel estimation and receiver complexity. TR receivers can effectively collect energy from all the received multipath components with much smaller complexity, but show reduced performance. Current modulation formats are tuned to either coherent or TR receivers, but cannot interoperate with both of them at the maximum performance possible for each of them. In this paper, we propose an innovative modulation scheme that enables the use of TR and coherent receivers in the same wireless network. The modulation allows demodulation by TR receivers, while at the same time enabling a coherent receiver to fully exploit all available signal energy, and actually to perform slightly better (by 1.8 dB) than a coherent receiver working with conventional BPSK modulation; this additional gain can be interpreted as a coding gain of a trellis-coded modulation scheme. The scheme thus allows the network designers to trade off performance vs. complexity in the receivers, while allowing a uniform signaling (modulation) scheme for all transmitters.