gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ignition Delay for Jet Propellant 10/Air and Jet Propellant 10/High-Energy Density Fuel/Air Mixtures (2003)

Jet propellant 10 [(JP-10) or exotetrahydrodicyclopentadiene] is one of the leading candidate fuels for use in pulse detonation engine applications. As such, its ignition delay characteristics have been studied previouslyin very dilute mixtures at pressures from 1 to 9 atm and temperatures from 1300 to 1670 K. The ignition delay times are studied of JP-10/air and JP-10 blended with methylated PCU alkene dimer, nitronorbornane, dinitronorbornane, and ethylhexyl nitrate in air at pressures from 10 to 25 atm and temperatures from 1200 to 2500 K using a shock tube. Ignition delays were primarily measured using CH emission and secondarily using OH emission. Ignition delays were essentially insensitive to all of the additives tested. Additionally, ignition delays for dicyclopentadiene (a suspected intermediate in the combustion of JP-10) were also tested. Above 1500 K, multiple peaks in the CH emission were found. Further tests using OH emission indicate that the main peak in CH emission at these higher temperatures is probably due to reactions involved in the approach to equilibrium and give spuriously long ignition delay times.
Multisubstrate Inhibition of 4-Hydroxybenzoate 3-Monooxygenase (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultisubstrate Inhibition of 4-Hydroxybenzoate 3-MonooxygenaseFrancesco G. Salituro, David A. Demeter, Herschel J. R. Weintraub, Bruce J. Lippert, Robert J. Resvick, and Ian A. McDonaldCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1994, 37, 24, 4076–4078Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00050a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views166Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (322 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
First Year PIDDP Report on gamma-ray and x-ray spectroscopy: X-ray remote sensing and in situ spectroscopy for planetary exploration missions and gamma-ray remote sensing and in situ spectroscopy for planetary exploration missions (1994)

Detectors that will be used for planetary missions must have their responses calibrated in a reproducible manner. In addition, it is important to characterize a detector system at uneven portions of its life cycle, for example after exposure to different amounts of radiation. A calibration and response characterization facility has been constructed at Schlumberger-Doll Research for all types of gamma- and x-ray detectors that may be used for planetary measurement. This facility is currently being tested. Initial use is expected for the MARS 94 detectors. The facility will then also be available for calibrating other detectors as well as arrays of detectors such as the NEAR detector with its central Nal(TI) crystal surrounded with a large BGO crystal. Cadmium telluride detectors are investigated for applications in space explorations. These detectors show an energy resolution of 5 keV for the 122 keV 57Co line. Earlier reported polarization effects are not observed. The detectors can be used at temperatures up to 100 C, although with reduced energy resolution. The thickness of standard detectors is limited to 2 mm. These detectors become fully efficient at bias voltages above 200 V. Initial results for a 1 cm thick detector show that the quality of the material is inferior to the thinner standard detectors and hole trapping affects the pulse height. A detailed characterization of the detector is in progress. Prototypes of photomultipliers based on a Channel Electron Multiplier (CEM) are being built to study their performance. Such photomultipliers promise better timing characteristics and a higher dynamic range while being more compact and of lower in weight.
Epidemiology and treatment of priapism in sickle cell disease (2022)

Ischemic priapism is a common but underrecognized morbidity affecting about 33% of adult men with sickle cell disease (SCD). The onset of priapism occurs in the prepubertal period and tends to be recurrent with increasing age. Significantly, priapism is associated with an unrecognized high burden of mental duress and sexual dysfunctions. The diagnosis of priapism is clinical. Many episodes of priapism will resolve spontaneously, but when an episode lasts longer than 4 hours, the episode is considered a urologic emergency requiring quick intervention with either corporal aspiration or shunt surgery. Only 3 randomized clinical trials (stilbesterol, ephedrine or etilefrine, and sildenafil) have been conducted for secondary priapism prevention in SCD. All 3 trials were limited with small sample sizes, selection biases, and inconclusive results after completion. The current molecular understanding of the pathobiology of priapism suggests a relative nitric oxide (NO) deficiency secondary to chronic hemolysis in SCD and associated phosphodiesterase type 5 dysregulation. We posit an increase in NO levels will restore the normal homeostatic relationship between voluntary erection and detumescence. Currently, 2 randomized phase 2 trials (1 double-blind, placebo-controlled trial and 1 open-label, single-arm intervention) are being conducted for secondary priapism prevention in men at high risk for recurrent priapism (NCT03938454 and NCT05142254). We review the epidemiology and pathobiology of priapism, along with mechanistic therapeutic approaches for secondary prevention of priapism in SCD.
Conditional requirement for the Flk-1 receptor in the in vitro generation of early hematopoietic cells (1999)

Genetic studies in mice have previously demonstrated an intrinsic requirement for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor Flk-1 in the early development of both the hematopoietic and endothelial cell lineages. In this study, embryonic stem (ES) cells homozygous for a targeted null mutation in flk-1 (flk-1 (-/-)) were examined for their hematopoietic potential in vitro during embryoid body (EB) formation or when cultured on the stromal cell line OP9. Surprisingly, in EB cultures flk-1 (-/-) ES cells were able to differentiate into all myeloid-erythroid lineages, albeit at half the frequency of heterozygous lines. In contrast, although flk-1 (-/-) ES cells formed mesodermal-like colonies on OP9 monolayers, they failed to generate hematopoietic clusters even in the presence of exogenous cytokines. However, flk-1 (-/-) OP9 cultures did contain myeloid precursors, albeit at greatly reduced percentages. This defect was rescued by first allowing flk-1 (-/-) ES cells to differentiate into EBs and then passaging these cells onto OP9 stroma. Thus, the requirement for Flk-1 in early hematopoietic development can be abrogated by alterations in the microenvironment. This finding is consistent with a role for Flk-1 in regulating the migration of early mesodermally derived precursors into a microenvironment that is permissive for hematopoiesis.
Using the fast Fourier transform to determine the period of a physical oscillator with precision (1988)

Measuring the period of torsion pendulums with precision has long been a formidable challenge in gravitation experiments, particularly those measuring the Newtonian gravitational constant G. An alternative method to fitting the position signal of the pendulum to a sine wave is the use of the power spectrum generated by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) as the source of information from which the period of oscillation can be determined. There are, however, known limitations to the use of a FFT to measure the period of a physical oscillator with precision. These limitations include two effects due to the finiteness of the duration of the sinusoidal data record and one effect due to the uncertainty of the starting phase of the oscillator relative to the window imposed by this duration. We have done a phenomenological study of the FFT using a desktop computer to imitate a precision oscillator having the physical characteristics of a finite damping constant and drift in the zero potential-energy position. Also, we have taken extensive data with a torsion pendulum, and analyzed them in this way. These studies show that for a real oscillator, such as the classical torsion pendulum, the FFT is a useful tool for determining the period of oscillation with the precision usually associated with larger, more complex, fitting algorithms. With good signal-to-noise ratio and under conditions appropriate to a torsion pendulum, the FFT method can measure the frequency or period to five parts in 106 or better.
Immune Modulatory Oligonucleotides in Prevention of Nasal Allergen—Induced Eustachian Tube Dysfunction in Rats (2007)

Pretreatment with IMOs prevented allergen-induced allergic inflammation around the Eustachian tube (ET) and resulted in improved ventilatory function of the ET compared with sensitized untreated animals. IMOs offer considerable promise in the management of nasal allergic disease as well as otitis media with effusion.
NeurReg: Neural Registration and Its Application to Image Segmentation (2019)

Registration is a fundamental task in medical image analysis which can be applied to several tasks including image segmentation, intra-operative tracking, multi-modal image alignment, and motion analysis. Popular registration tools such as ANTs and NiftyReg optimize an objective function for each pair of images from scratch which is time-consuming for large images with complicated deformation. Facilitated by the rapid progress of deep learning, learning-based approaches such as VoxelMorph have been emerging for image registration. These approaches can achieve competitive performance in a fraction of a second on advanced GPUs. In this work, we construct a neural registration framework, called NeurReg, with a hybrid loss of displacement fields and data similarity, which substantially improves the current state-of-the-art of registrations. Within the framework, we simulate various transformations by a registration simulator which generates fixed image and displacement field ground truth for training. Furthermore, we design three segmentation frameworks based on the proposed registration framework: 1) atlas-based segmentation, 2) joint learning of both segmentation and registration tasks, and 3) multi-task learning with atlas-based segmentation as an intermediate feature. Extensive experimental results validate the effectiveness of the proposed NeurReg framework based on various metrics: the endpoint error (EPE) of the predicted displacement field, mean square error (MSE), normalized local cross-correlation (NLCC), mutual information (MI), Dice coefficient, uncertainty estimation, and the interpretability of the segmentation. The proposed NeurReg improves registration accuracy with fast inference speed, which can greatly accelerate related medical image analysis tasks.
Performance of Continuous Hydrogen Production from Perhydro Benzyltoluene by Catalytic Distillation and Heat Integration Concepts with a Fuel Cell (2022)

The benzyltoluene‐based liquid organic hydrogen carrier (LOHC) system enables the safe transport and loss‐free storage of hydrogen. At least 26% of the lower heating value of the released hydrogen, however, has to be invested in form of heat to release the stored hydrogen. The low operation temperatures of catalytic distillation (CD) can facilitate waste heat integration to reduce external heat demand. Herein, the continuous hydrogen release from perhydro benzyltoluene via CD is demonstrated. It is revealed in the experimental results that this mode of operation leads to a high hydrogen release rate and very efficient noble metal catalyst usage at exceptionally mild conditions. The hydrogen‐based productivity of platinum of 0.35 g H2 g Pt −1 min −1 (0.7 kW LHV_H2 g Pt −1 ) at a dehydrogenation temperature of only 267 °C is found to be nearly four times higher than for the conventional continuous liquid‐phase dehydrogenation at the same temperature. Furthermore, simulation results of the CD process are described. The feasibility of a fully heat‐integrated process for electricity generation from the released hydrogen via CD using waste heat from the fuel cell for the CD reboiler is demonstrated. The technical potential of coupling the H12–BT dehydrogenation by CD with high‐temperature fuel cell operation is highlighted by the simulation.
Feature Importance in Nonlinear Embeddings (FINE): Applications in Digital Pathology (2015)

Quantitative histomorphometry (QH) refers to the process of computationally modeling disease appearance on digital pathology images by extracting hundreds of image features and using them to predict disease presence or outcome. Since constructing a robust and interpretable classifier is challenging in a high dimensional feature space, dimensionality reduction (DR) is often implemented prior to classifier construction. However, when DR is performed it can be challenging to quantify the contribution of each of the original features to the final classification result. We have previously presented a method for scoring features based on their importance for classification on an embedding derived via principal components analysis (PCA). However, nonlinear DR involves the eigen-decomposition of a kernel matrix rather than the data itself, compounding the issue of classifier interpretability. In this paper we present feature importance in nonlinear embeddings (FINE), an extension of our PCA-based feature scoring method to kernel PCA (KPCA), as well as several NLDR algorithms that can be cast as variants of KPCA. FINE is applied to four digital pathology datasets to identify key QH features for predicting the risk of breast and prostate cancer recurrence. Measures of nuclear and glandular architecture and clusteredness were found to play an important role in predicting the likelihood of recurrence of both breast and prostate cancers. Compared to the t-test, Fisher score, and Gini index, FINE was able to identify a stable set of features that provide good classification accuracy on four publicly available datasets from the NIPS 2003 Feature Selection Challenge.
Identification of RPS14 as the 5q-Syndrome Gene by RNA Interference Screen. (2007)

Abstract We report here that haploinsufficiency of the ribosomal protein encoding RPS14 gene causes the characteristic hematologic phenotype that defines the 5q- syndrome. The 5q- syndrome, a subtype of myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), was first described in 1974 as a distinct clinical entity associated with deletions of the long arm of chromosome 5. Since that time, the common deleted region has been narrowed in search of the causal gene within the region. However, no biallelic inactivation events have been identified for any of the 41 genes within the critical region, suggesting that a haploinsufficiency mechanism may explain the disease phenotype. We addressed this question through a functional genomic approach, utilizing systematic RNA interference (RNAi) to interrogate the function of each gene in the common deleted region. We introduced 3–5 unique, lentivirally expressed short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting each of the 41 genes in the region into normal CD34+ human bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells and assayed the effects of each shRNA on hematopoietic differentiation. We found that knock-down of a single gene, RPS14, recapitulated the phenotype of the 5q- syndrome: namely, a block in erythroid differentiation (leading to erythroid cell apoptosis) with relative preservation of megakaryocyte differentiation as measured by FACS analysis. Importantly, forced expression of an RPS14 cDNA in primary bone marrow cells from patients with the 5q- syndrome rescued the phenotype, yet had no effect on cells from MDS patients without 5q deletions. In addition, we found that RPS14 haploinsufficiency caused a block in the processing of pre-ribosomal RNA and in the formation of the 40S ribosomal subunit. This ribosomal processing defect is highly analogous to the functional defect seen in Diamond Blackfan Anemia (also characterized by an erythroid differentiation defect and predisposition to AML), thereby establishing an unexpected link between the molecular pathophysiology of acquired 5q- syndrome and congenital bone marrow failure syndromes. These results indicate that the 5q- syndrome is caused by a defect in ribosomal protein function, highlighting the importance of translational control in hematologic malignancy. The results further suggest that RNAi screening is an effective strategy for identifying causal haploinsufficiency disease genes.
Design of Highly CO2-Soluble Chelating Agents. 2. Effect of Chelate Structure and Process Parameters on Extraction Efficiency (1997)

In our previous papers, we described a strategy for design, synthesis, and evaluation of a group of highly CO2-soluble chelating agents that can be used to effectively extract a variety of metals from various matrices into pure CO2 at room temperature and pressures below 13.8 MPa. Conventional chelating agents are functionalized with so-called “CO2-philic” tails, namely, fluoroalkyl, fluoroether, or silicone-containing materials, which allows solubilities greater than 100 mM at pressures less than 13.8 MPa. Here we have studied the effect of several process variables, including pressure, nature of the extraction matrix, presence of interfering ions, multiple-stage reactions, molar ratio of chelating agent to metal, and also time of extraction on the extraction efficiency of these chelating agents. Results show that once the minimum pressure for solubilizing the chelating agent is reached, increasing the pressure has little or no effect on the efficiency of extraction. Further, the low pH of a mixture of water and high-pressure CO2 hinders the extraction efficiency of some chelating agents significantly, while exercising little apparent effect on others. In addition, the extraction efficiency of the chelating agent can be improved using a multiple-stage extraction scheme. Highly selective chelating agents can be designed that will extract the target metal even in the presence of a 10-fold excess of interfering ions.
Retraction Note to: Redox modification of cysteine residues regulates the cytokine activity of high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) (2020)

This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail: https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-020-00264-1
Regenerative Medicine in the State of Florida: Letter Outlining the Florida Organization for Regenerative Medicine (2018)

Advances in regenerative medicine are generating transformative solutions to many of today's incurable medical conditions.These advances have resulted from interdisciplinary efforts across the biological sciences, medicine, and engineering, changes in the regulatory environment-including the passage of the 21st Century Cures Act-and ongoing efforts to drive industry standardization.Increasingly, these advances have been catalyzed by regional initiatives around the U.S. and the world aimed at expediting the discovery, translation, and commercialization of transformative treatments.The proliferation of new models like the Centre for Commercialization of Regenerative Medicine (CCRM) in Canada, the California Institute for Regenerative Medicine (CIRM), and the Advanced Regenerative Manufacturing Institute (ARMI) in New Hampshire, among others, has inspired the creation of the Florida Organization for Regenerative Medicine (FORM), a nonprofit organization with a mission to facilitate translational research, commercialization, education, and therapeutic validation in the area of regenerative medicine with the ultimate aim of improving patient outcomes, creating high-quality jobs, and accelerating innovation through collaboration in the State of Florida and beyond.FORM is comprised of multiple strong and complementary clinical and research groups within Florida, including (from North to South) the Mayo Clinic's Center for Regenerative Medicine;
Two-dimensional positronium lifetime imaging using certified reference materials (2022)

Abstract Positronium (Ps) is generated before electron–positron annihilation in positron emission tomography (PET). As the Ps lifetime reflects the surrounding electron density, we aimed at its use for an innovative PET imaging. Here, as our first step, we demonstrated two-dimensional Ps lifetime imaging of certified reference materials using a pair of time-of-flight PET detectors. The imaged and calculated Ps lifetimes were very close to those of the reference materials, but the error values were larger than those of the reference materials. The results suggested that the accuracy of PET imaging with the ortho-positronium lifetime could be verified by those materials.
Anti-invasive Activity of Ethanol Extracts of Ganoderma lucidum through Tightening of Tight Junctions and Inhibition of Matrix Metalloproteinase Activities in Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells (2011)

This study investigated the effect of ethanol extracts of Ganoderma lucidum (EGL) on the correlation between tightening of the tight junctions (TJs) and the anti-invasive activity in human gastric adenocarcinoma AGS cells to elucidate further the possible anticancer mechanisms that G lucidum exerts. Within the concentrations of EGL that were not cytotoxic, EGL markedly inhibited the cell motility and invasiveness in a concentration-dependent manner. The activities of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP)-2 and MMP-9 in AGS cells were dose-dependently inhibited by treatment with EGL, and this was correlated with a decrease in expression of their mRNA and proteins and the upregulation of the expression of the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases. The anti-invasive activity of EGL was also found to be associated with the increased tightness of the TJ, which was demonstrated by an increase in transepithelial electrical resistance. Additionally, EGL repressed the levels of the claudin family members, which are major components of TJs that play a key role in the control and selectivity of paracellular transport. Furthermore, the levels of E-cadherin, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, were inhibited by EGL treatment, however, those of snail, an epithelial to mesenchymal transition regulator and zinc finger transcription factor, were concentration-dependently increased in response to EGL treatment. Although further studies are needed, the present study indicates that TJs and MMPs are crucial targets of EGL-induced anti-invasiveness in human gastric cancer AGS cells.