gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supporting Unskilled People in Manual Tasks through Haptic-Based Guidance (2013)

This chapter presents a methodology that the authors developed for the evaluation of a novel device based on haptic guidance to support people with disabilities in sketching, hatching, and cutting shapes. The user’s hand movement is assisted by a sort of magnet or spring effect attracting the hand towards an ideal shape. The haptic guidance device has been used as an input system for tracking the sketching movements made by the user according to the visual feedback received from a physical template without haptic assistance. Then the device has been used as an output system that provides force feedback capabilities. The drawn shape can also be physically produced as a piece of polystyrene foam. The evaluation methodology is based on a sequence of tests, aimed at assessing the usability of the device and at meeting the real needs of the unskilled people. In fact, the system has been evaluated by a group of healthy and unskilled people, by comparing the analysis of the tracking results. The authors have used the results of the tests to define guidelines about the device and its applications, switching from the concept of “test the device on unskilled people” to the concept of “testing the device with unskilled people.”
Autonomy in materials research: a case study in carbon nanotube growth (2016)

Abstract Advances in materials are an important contributor to our technological progress, and yet the process of materials discovery and development itself is slow. Our current research process is human-centred, where human researchers design, conduct, analyse and interpret experiments, and then decide what to do next. We have built an Autonomous Research System (ARES)—an autonomous research robot capable of first-of-its-kind closed-loop iterative materials experimentation. ARES exploits advances in autonomous robotics, artificial intelligence, data sciences, and high-throughput and in situ techniques, and is able to design, execute and analyse its own experiments orders of magnitude faster than current research methods. We applied ARES to study the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes, and show that it successfully learned to grow them at targeted growth rates. ARES has broad implications for the future roles of humans and autonomous research robots, and for human-machine partnering. We believe autonomous research robots like ARES constitute a disruptive advance in our ability to understand and develop complex materials at an unprecedented rate.
Ultrastructural Features of the Granulocytes in Down's Syndrome (1974)

The granulocytes of 9 patients with Down's syndrome (DS) were examined for morphological abnormalities. Electron microscope examination showed abnormalities in the nucleus, such as pockets, bridges, appendices and fibrillar bodies in 25–57 % of the cells as compared to similar, but less conspicuous findings in 5–10 % of the granulocytes of 5 controls. The similarity of these ultrastructural malformations to those described in different forms of leukaemia is stressed. Since chromosomal abnormalities exist in both DS and leukaemia, the possibility that they are the cause for the ultrastructural alterations is discussed.
Alpha1a-Adrenoceptor Genetic Variant Triggers Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Hyperproliferation and Agonist Induced Hypertrophy via EGFR Transactivation Pathway (2015)

α1a Adrenergic receptors (α1aARs) are the predominant AR subtype in human vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). α1aARs in resistance vessels are crucial in the control of blood pressure, yet the impact of naturally occurring human α1aAR genetic variants in cardiovascular disorders remains poorly understood. To this end, we present novel findings demonstrating that 3D cultures of vascular SMCs expressing human α1aAR-247R (247R) genetic variant demonstrate significantly increased SMC contractility compared with cells expressing the α1aAR-WT (WT) receptor. Stable expression of 247R genetic variant also triggers MMP/EGFR-transactivation dependent serum- and agonist-independent (constitutive) hyperproliferation and agonist-dependent hypertrophy of SMCs. Agonist stimulation reduces contractility Using pathway-specific inhibitors we determined that the observed hyperproliferation of 247R-expressing cells is triggered via β-arrestin1/Src/MMP-2/EGFR/ERK-dependent mechanism. MMP-2-specific siRNA inhibited 247R-triggered hyperproliferation indicating MMP-2 involvement in 247R-triggered hyperproliferation in SMCs. β-arrestin1-specific shRNA also inhibited 247R-triggered hyperproliferation but did not affect hypertrophy in 247R-expressing SMCs, indicating that agonist-dependent hypertrophy is independent of β-arrestin1. Our data reveal that in different cardiovascular cells the same human receptor genetic variant can activate alternative modulators of the same signaling pathway. Thus, our findings in SMCs demonstrate that depending on the type of cells expressing the same receptor (or receptor variant), different target-specific inhibitors could be used to modulate aberrant hyperproliferative or hypertrophic pathways in order to restore normal phenotype.
High-Performance Adsorbent for Ethane/Ethylene Separation Selected through the Computational Screening of Aluminum-Based Metal–Organic Frameworks (2022)

The development of a high-performance ethane (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>)-selective adsorbent for the separation of ethane/ethylene (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) gas mixtures has been investigated for high-efficiency adsorption-based gas separation. Herein, we investigated Al-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) to identify an efficient C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>-selective adsorbent (CAU-11), supported by a computational simulation study. CAU-11 exhibited numerous advantageous properties (such as low material cost, structural robustness, high reaction yield, and high C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> selectivity) compared to other Al-based MOFs, indicating immense potential as a C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>-selective adsorbent. CAU-11 exhibited preferential C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> adsorption in single-component gas adsorption experiments, and its predicted ideal adsorption solution theory selectivity of C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> was over 2.1, consistent with the simulation analysis. Dynamic breakthrough experiments using representative compositions of the C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> gas mixture confirmed the excellent separation ability of CAU-11; it produced high-purity C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> (>99.95%) with productivity values of 0.79 and 2.02 mol L<sup>-1</sup> while repeating the cyclic experiment with 1:1 and 1:15 v/v C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> gas mixtures, respectively, at 298 K and 1 bar. The high C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>/C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> separation ability of CAU-11 could be attributed to its non-polar pore environment and optimum pore dimensions which strengthen the interaction of its pores (via C-H···π interactions) with C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> to a greater extent than with C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>.
Descriptive and Hypothesis-Driven Research (2009)

We thank Dr. Slonczewski and Kaneshiro for their letter (Microbe, February 2009, p. 50). We believe that a careful reading of our commentary will reveal few differences between our respective views. However, we take issue with some of their characterization of our comments. For example, we did not define “descriptive research in opposition to hypothesis-driven research,” nor did we suggest that descriptive research is necessarily less “valid” than hypothesis-driven research. The statement that descriptive research is generically less acceptable for ASM journals is in fact contrary to our message. As we stated earlier, “descriptive research can illuminate novel phenomena or give rise to novel hypotheses,” and is often of tremendous value in many fields of science, including our own. We argue that descriptive and hypothesis-driven science should not be regarded as antipodal, but rather as natural partners in a progression of understanding. Given the routine characterization of science with such labels as “descriptive,” “mechanistic,” “hypothesisdriven,” or “discovery-driven,” and the tendency for such labels to be interpreted positively or negatively with significant consequences, it behooves us all to think carefully about the meaning and intention of such descriptors. We are increasingly convinced that these terms mean different things to different scientists. Hence, we welcome continued discourse, as initiated by Dr. Slonczewski and Kaneshiro, in the pursuit of mutual understanding despite the limitations of language.
QUANTITATIVE ULTRASONIC TISSUE CHARACTERIZATION OF THE DEVELOPING CAT BRAIN (1993)

Barr, L L; Allison, I W; Kollias, S S; Berger, T S; Tzika, A A; Ball, W S; Massoth, R J; Garra, B S; Krasner, B H; Rupich, R
A bioinformatics roadmap for the human vaccines project (2017)

Biomedical research has become a data intensive science in which high throughput experimentation is producing comprehensive data about biological systems at an ever-increasing pace. The Human Vaccines Project is a new public-private partnership, with the goal of accelerating development of improved vaccines and immunotherapies for global infectious diseases and cancers by decoding the human immune system. To achieve its mission, the Project is developing a Bioinformatics Hub as an open-source, multidisciplinary effort with the overarching goal of providing an enabling infrastructure to support the data processing, analysis and knowledge extraction procedures required to translate high throughput, high complexity human immunology research data into biomedical knowledge, to determine the core principles driving specific and durable protective immune responses.
Graphite nanoparticle addition to fertilizers reduces nitrate leaching in growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) (2019)

This study focused on nitrate leaching through soil during growth of romaine lettuce where 2-D graphite (CNPs) were combined with fertilizer and applied to soil to test the CNP effect on yield, nitrate leaching, and plant nutrient uptake.
O4‐03‐04: Possible mutual interaction between diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: Generation of novel transgenic mice models of Alzheimer's disease with diabetic conditions (2009)

Recent epidemiological studies suggest that diabetes mellitus are among the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the molecular bases that link diabetes with AD are unclear. In this study, to examine the pathophysiological interaction between diabetes mellitus and AD in vivo, we generated two types of transgenic mice which show pathological conditions of both diseases, and characterized their phenotypes longitudinally. We cross-bred amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice (APP-Tg) with two types of diabetes model mice, ob/ob and NSY mouse. APP-Tg crossed with ob/ob mouse was fed normal chow. APP-Tg crossed with NSY mouse was divided into three diet groups, and fed high-fat diet, high-sucrose diet and normal chow. We characterized metabolic phenotypes (body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels, glucose and insulin tolerance) and AD-pathology (cognitive function and brain Aβ load) of these model animals longitudinally. Two types of transgenic mice (APP-ob/ob and APP-NSY mouse) with pathological conditions of both diabetes and AD were successfully generated. Compared with APP-Tg, APP-ob/ob mice gained more body weight and developed marked hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance. These metabolic changes were associated with the very early (at the age of 2 months) manifestation of memory impairment. Surprisingly, this exacerbation of memory impairment was not accompanied by an increase in the Aβ protein levels in the brain compared with APP-Tg. Furthermore, APP-ob/ob mice showed more prominent metabolic dysregulation compared with ob/ob mice. APP-NSY mice also showed early manifestation of cognitive dysfunction at the age of 3-month, without detectable amyloid plaques in the brain. Moreover, 5-month high-calorie feeding induced further exacerbation of memory impairment. We successfully generated two types of novel transgenic mouse models which show pathological phenotypes both of diabetes and AD. Exacerbation of memory impairment without an increase in Aβ load in the brain of these diabetic APP-Tg implies the role of diabetic conditions on Aβ-mediated neuronal dysfunction. Early manifestation of AD-like cognitive dysfunction of these animals provides a valuable model for drug development or screening for AD. Our findings also suggest the possibility that AD pathology could exacerbate metabolic phenotypes of diabetes.
Study on interaction between entropy pruning and kneser-ney smoothing (2010)

The paper presents an in-depth analysis of a less known interaction between Kneser-Ney smoothing and entropy pruning that leads to severe degradation in language model performance under aggressive pruning regimes. Experiments in a data-rich setup such as google.com voice search show a significant impact in WER as well: pruning Kneser-Ney and Katz models to 0.1% of their original impacts speech recognition accuracy significantly, approx. 10% relative.
Fabrication of Efficient and Stable CsPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells through Cation Exchange Process (2019)

Abstract Inorganic lead halide perovskites have attracted attention due to their tolerance to higher processing temperature and higher bandgap suitable for tandem solar cell application. Not only do they improve cell stability and efficiency, they also reveal many interesting and un‐anticipated material qualities. This work reports a simple cation exchange growth (CEG) method for fabricating inorganic high‐quality cesium lead iodide (CsPbI 3 ) by adding methylammonium iodide (MAI) additive in the precursor. X‐ray diffraction results reveal a multi‐stage film formation process whereby i) MAPbI 3 perovskite first formed that acts as a perovskite template for ii) subsequent ion exchange whereby the MA + ions in the MAPbI 3 are replaced by Cs + (as temperature ramps up) and iii) form g‐phase perovskite CsPbI 3 . Optical microscopy, photoluminescence, and electrical characterizations reveal that the CEG process produces high‐quality film with better absorption, uniform and dense film with better interface, lower defects, and better stability. Using the CEG approach, the power conversion efficiency of the best CsPbI 3 solar cell is significantly increased up to 14.1% for the device fabricated using 1.0 m MAI additive. The outcome is beneficial for further improvement of inorganic perovskite solar cells and their application in perovskite‐silicon tandem devices.
Analysis and optimization of synchronous magnetic couplings (1996)

Permanent magnet couplings made from rare-earth materials such as NdFeB render substantial torque, and are used in numerous applications that cannot be addressed with conventional materials. Moreover, formulas have been developed for designing and optimizing these devices. In this paper, the design formulas are summarized and demonstrated via optimization of practical coupling geometries.
HUWE1 mutations in Juberg-Marsidi and Brooks syndromes: the results of an X-chromosome exome sequencing study (2016)

As we identified a HUWE1 mutation in an affected male from the original family reported by Juberg and Marsidi, it is evident the syndrome does not result from a mutation in ATRX as reported in the literature. Additionally, our data indicate that JMS and Brooks syndromes are allelic having the same HUWE1 mutation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (3R)‐3‐Hydroxy‐2‐hexanone, (2R,3R)‐2,3‐Hexanediol and (2S, 3R)‐2,3‐Hexanediol, the Male Sex Pheromone of Hylotrupes bajulus and Pyrrhidium sanguineum (Cerambycidae). (1995)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Templated Synthesis of Silica Hollow Particles by Using Spray Pyrolysis (2004)

It is commonly accepted that one hollow particle is formed from one droplet in conventional spray pyrolysis or drying. Therefore, the particles size distribution is closely related to the droplet size distribution. In this report, however, a new aerosol process was proposed, in which multiple hollow particles were produced from one liquid droplet with the aid of salt and polystyrene (PS) bead. In this process, the particles size and size distribution were determined by the PS beads, not by the droplets. Silica hollow particles of 160 nm in diameter and 10 nm in shell thickness were prepared after washing off the salt with water. Geometric mean dispersion of hollow particles were 1.02, whereas the geometric mean deviation of droplets was 1.3. The role of salt was to keep nano-size hollow particles desegregated while the PS template beads were burnt off at 500°C.
Design of Digital Feedforward/Preview Controllers for Processes With Predetermined Feedback Controllers (1980)

This paper deals with the design of digital feedforward/preview (F/P) controllers for multi-input, multi-output processes with predetermined feedback controllers. The feedback controller is assumed to include an integral action which operates upon the error between setpoint and process output. The feedforward/preview controller is a weighted sum of previewed values of future disturbances. Formula for the F/P control gains are derived using a parameter optimization technique to minimize a quadratic cost criterion. Simulation examples are included to show some of the consequences of the developed design method.
Implementation of the Hall microsystem with continuous calibration (2006)

A prototype of the Hall microsystem presented in chapter 5 (figure 126) [91][92] has been realized in a conventional 0.8 μm 5V CMOS technology. It has voluntarily been designed for test and validation purposes [96]. To this end, the circuit allows maximum test and configuration possibilities, and on some design parameters the flexibility is favoured at the cost of pure performance. The circuit is also kept as modular and simple as possible to allow easy identification of problems and limitations.
Performance Comparisons for Electrically Conductive Epoxies in Wireless Applications (2006)

The thermal conductivity of electrically conductive epoxies is usually the most important factor when considering new epoxy materials for die attach in wireless applications. Some recently developed epoxies with improved mechanical and electrical properties were studied. A combination of numerical modeling, simulation and measured data were used to determine the trends between the thermal, mechanical and electrical performance of various die attach epoxies. The thermal simulation results indicated that the higher (20 W/mK) thermally conductive epoxy provides only a slight improvement (less than 10/spl deg/C) in thermal performance when considered against the lower (8 W/mK) thermally conductive epoxy. By comparison, the electrical conductivity of the higher thermally conductive epoxy was lower by an order of magnitude than the lower thermally conductive epoxy. Also during the moisture sensitivity level testing (MSL), the higher thermally conductive epoxy exhibited some degree of delamination while the lower thermally conductive epoxy exhibited no delamination. The study revealed that the improved mechanical and electrical properties reduce the reliance on the thermal property as the most important factor in the selection of electrically conductive epoxies.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Synthetic Procedure for Deuteriating Imidazoles and Imidazolium Salts. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Plasticity in the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins (Eudyptes chrysocome) during incubation in the Falkland/Malvinas Islands (2018)

Environmental changes often affect the persistence of species or populations at different spatial and temporal scales. Thus, species must either adapt to these changes or experience negative impacts at the individual or population levels. Southern Rockhopper Penguins Eudyptes chrysocome are distributed throughout the Southern Ocean and have experienced substantial declines in the past which were linked to various anthropogenic and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the foraging behavior of male Southern Rockhopper Penguins at Berkeley Sound, East Falkland, Falkland/Malvinas Islands, during incubation, a period at-sea which is crucial for replenishing body condition between two extended fasting periods ashore. Thus, birds are forced to forage efficiently during that time to balance their energy demands. We linked their at-sea distribution and foraging behavior to satellite-derived sea surface temperatures and temperature-depth profiles which were recorded by devices attached to the birds. While Southern Rockhopper Penguins usually travel several hundreds of km out into the open sea on multiple-day trips during incubation, we found in our study that most birds foraged close inshore, less than 9 km away from their colony, and regularly returned to their breeding site. We propose that this behavior occurred in response to the close proximity of the 8 °C SST isotherm and the vertical stratification of the waters therein. Also, while usually feeding pelagically in open waters, there are strong indications that Southern Rockhopper Penguins performed benthic or, at least, near-bottom dives to catch their prey during these short trips. The consequences of this behavioral plasticity in response to variations in sea temperatures and inferred prey availability are discussed, especially with regard to predicted global climate change.
Demo hour (2013)

Demo Hour highlights new prototypes and projects that exemplify innovation and novel forms of interaction. Audrey Desjardins, Editor
The Value of Flexibility in a Carbon Neutral Power System (2022)

In this paper, we use a formulation of the generation expansion planning problem with hourly temporal resolution, to investigate the impact of the availability of different sources of flexibility on a carbon-neutral central European power system (with a focus on Switzerland) for the year 2040. We assess the role of flexible generation, load shifting and imports on the investment and operation of existing and newly built units. Our results show that including load shifting as part of the optimization could reduce the need for investments in both RES and conventional technologies. The combination of newly built flexible generators (gas turbines) and load shifting increases the flexibility of the simulated power system and results in the overall lowest system costs. The reduction of cross-border transmission capacity between Switzerland and its neighbors has a significant impact on the domestic operation and investments but could also affect the surrounding countries.