gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhaled fluticasone dipropionate decreases levels of nitric oxide in recurrenty wheezy infants (2004)

We examined the effect of inhaled fluticasone diproprionate (FDP) on symptoms, lung function (FEV(0.5)), and exhaled nitric oxide (Fe(NO)) in infants with recurrent wheeze and raised Fe(NO). Thirty-one infants aged 6-19 months (mean, 12.7 months; 12 girls) completed the study. All infants had a history of recurrent wheeze and a parental history of atopy. All children had raised Fe(NO), as determined by an offline tidal breathing technique prior to randomization. Lung function and Fe(NO) were assessed before and after 4 weeks of treatment with FDP or placebo. The parents recorded daily symptoms during the treatment period. Sixteen infants received FDP and 15 the placebo for 4 weeks. At completion of the study, infants treated with FDP had a significant reduction in Fe(NO) (35.0 ppb to 16.5 ppb) compared to those that received placebo (35.2 ppb to 30.2 ppb) (P = 0.05). Small increases in FEV(0.5) were observed in both groups, but these changes were not different between groups (P = 0.8). Symptom scores were not significantly different in either group following the intervention. We showed that a moderate dose of inhaled FDP reduces levels of Fe(NO), a potential marker of airway inflammation, even in the absence of significant changes in lung function and symptoms.
Different Residues on the Surface of theMethanothermobacter thermautotrophicusMCM Helicase Interact with Single- and Double-Stranded DNA (2010)

The minichromosome maintenance (MCM) complex is thought to function as the replicative helicase in archaea, separating the two strands of chromosomal DNA during replication. The catalytic activity resides within the C-terminal region of the MCM protein, while the N-terminal portion plays an important role in DNA binding and protein multimerization. An alignment of MCM homologues from several archaeal species revealed a number of conserved amino acids. Here several of the conserved residues located on the surface of the helicase have been mutated and their roles in MCM functions determined. It was found that some mutations result in increased affinity for ssDNA while the affinity for dsDNA is decreased. Other mutants exhibit the opposite effect. Thus, the data suggest that these conserved surface residues may participate in MCM-DNA interactions.
Triplebody Mediates Increased Anti-Leukemic Reactivity of IL-2 Activated Donor Natural Killer (NK) Cells and Impairs Viability of Their CD33-Expressing NK Subset (2017)

Natural killer cells (NK) are essential for the elimination of resistant acute myeloid and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (AML and ALL) cells. NK cell-based immunotherapies have already successfully entered for clinical trials, but limitations due to immune escape mechanisms were identified. Therefore, we extended our established NK cell protocol by integration of the previously investigated powerful trispecific immunoligand ULBP2-aCD19-aCD33 [the so-called triplebodies (TBs)] to improve the anti-leukemic specificity of activated NK cells. IL-2-driven expansion led to strongly elevated natural killer group 2 member D (NKG2D) expressions on donor NK cells which promote the binding to ULBP2<sup>+</sup> TBs. Similarly, CD33 expression on these NK cells could be detected. Dual-specific targeting and elimination were investigated against the B-cell precursor leukemia cell line BV-173 and patient blasts, which were positive for myeloid marker CD33 and B lymphoid marker CD19 exclusively presented on biphenotypic B/myeloid leukemia's. Cytotoxicity assays demonstrated improved killing properties of NK cells pre-coated with TBs compared to untreated controls. Specific NKG2D blocking on those NK cells in response to TBs diminished this killing activity. On the contrary, the observed upregulation of surface CD33 on about 28.0% of the NK cells decreased their viability in response to TBs during cytotoxic interaction of effector and target cells. Similar side effects were also detected against CD33<sup>+</sup> T- and CD19<sup>+</sup> B-cells. Very preliminary proof of principle results showed promising effects using NK cells and TBs against primary leukemic cells. In summary, we demonstrated a promising strategy for redirecting primary human NK cells in response to TBs against leukemia, which may lead to a future progress in NK cell-based immunotherapies.
Terahertz wave propagation in one-dimensional periodic dielectrics (2006)

We demonstrate the temporal evolution of terahertz (THz) wave propagation in one-dimensional periodic dielectrics. Distributed Bragg reflectors and a resonant cavity are investigated: The structures involve air gaps interleaved between polymer films. Transmitted and reflected broadband THz waves are measured by means of THz time-domain spectroscopy. The experimental results agree well with transfer matrix calculations.
Slope Efficiency and Dynamic Range of Traveling-Wave Multiple-Quantum-Well Electroabsorption Modulators (2004)

High-performance InGaAsP-InP multiple-quantum-well traveling-wave electroabsorption modulators (EAMs) have been developed for analog optical links. A high slope efficiency of >4/V at 1.55 μm for a 300-μm-long EAM is measured. A detailed study of the nonlinearity and the spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is presented. By optimizing the bias voltage and the input optical power, the SFDR can be improved by 10-30 dB.
Globally Optimal Resource Allocation for Achieving Maximum Weighted Sum Rate (2010)

We establish a general optimization framework for joint resource allocation and interference mitigation. By utilizing axiomatic interference functions, our problem formulation is very general and includes many problems as special cases. We consider the sum rate maximization problem, which is known to be NP hard. It is shown that due to the structural model of the interference function, the joint optimization of powers and adaptive receive strategies ends up with the optimization solely with respect to powers. This facilitates a reformulation of the problem under consideration as a problem of difference of convex functions (DC). Based on this DC representation, we employ a prismatic branch and bound algorithm to find a global optimum.
Intraoperative Preconditioning of Fixed and Adjustable Loop Suspensory Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction With Tibial Screw Fixation—An In Vitro Biomechanical Evaluation Using a Porcine Model (2018)

Although the clinical relevance of time-zero graft tension loss is uncertain, the use of an ALD in concert with tibial screw fixation may be favorable to allow for tension optimization.
Application of Deep Learning Along Directional Image Gathers for High-Definition Classification of Subsurface Features (2018)

Summary We present a novel method for decomposing different geometrical characteristics of imaged seismic data. The automation of procedures for enhancing interpreted/classified image data is achieved by applying principle component analysis (PCA) to directional (dip/azimuth) gathers, followed by deep learning (convolutional neural network) classification. The subsurface geometrical objects to be classified are reflectors (continuous structural surfaces) and different types of diffractors (discontinuous objects such as small-scale fractures and faults). This approach shows great promise in identifying subsurface structural features with high accuracy, low cost (no processing preparation is needed) and simple yet scalable implementation. Our preliminary results show superiority over other methods involved in geometrical transformation (e.g., Radon) and specular/diffraction weighted stacks.
Carbon fixation and photosynthates of Prochloron, a green alga symbiotic with an ascidian, Lissoclinum patella (1982)

It is estimated that Prochloron cells, freshly isolated from colonies of their ascidian host, Lissoclinum patella, can fix CO2 photosynthetically at rates exceeding 120 mM g−1 chlorophyll h−1 In longer fixation periods (up to 1 h) proportionately more insoluble material was formed. Of the products soluble in aqueous alcohol, more than 50% consisted of amino acids and about 20% of acids in the TCA cycle, additionally including glycolate. Free monosaccharides or disaccharides are lacking. The lipid products included non-polar lipids (24%), diglycerides (37% monogalactosyl) and phosphatidyl glycerol (11%). Oligoglucans composed more than 95% of the residual insoluble fraction. The results are discussed from a chemotaxonomic point of view.
<title>Multiresolution modulation for efficient broadcast of information</title> (1994)

Methods for reliable transmission of information, especially digital television, are considered. In the broadcast channel, several different receiver configurations and channel conditions make an optimization of the channel coding practically impossible. To efficiently utilize available spectrum and to allow robust reception in adverse channel conditions, joint source- channel coding is applied. This is achieved utilizing multiresolution modulation combined with unequal error protection in the channel coding part and data prioritization in source coder. These design parameters for the joint system are considered. The emphasis of this paper is on the modulation part. Multiresolution 32 QAM is presented. Simulations show good performance in the additive white gaussian noise channel and, moreover, results in multipath fading channel are encouraging as far as high priority level of the data is considered.
Enhancement of Humoral Immunity to SIVenv Following Simultaneous Inoculation of Mice by Three Recombinant Adenoviruses Encoding SIVenv/Poliovirus Chimeras, Tat and Rev (1997)

A means of inducing gene expression by simultaneous infection with three recombinant adenoviruses (Ad) is described. The simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) envelope-coding region was placed under the control of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Tat and Rev proteins provided in trans by distinct Ad vectors (Ad-tat; Ad-rev). Coinfection of cells with the three recombinant adenoviruses led to induction of high levels of SIV env mRNA and protein synthesis, while inoculation of mice elicited anti-Env antibodies. Insertion of the poliovirus VP1 neutralization epitope (C3) in the V1 hypervariable region of SIV envelope not only proved to be highly immunogenic for the poliovirus epitope but also enhanced the kinetics of anti-SIV Env antibody production. By contrast, insertion in V4 elicited no anti-C3 response and only normal anti-Env responses.
Coal-Based Activated Carbon via Microwave-Assisted ZnCl2 Activation for Methyl Violet 2B Dye Removal: Optimization, Desirability Function, and Adsorption Mechanism (2023)

In this work, activated carbon (referred to as MCAC) was produced by microwave radiation assisted ZnCl2 activation using Malaysian coal (MC) as a precursor. The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller findings indicate that the MCAC has a relatively large surface area (798.18 m2/g) and a mesoporous structure (average pore diameter of 3.67 nm). The removal of Methylene Violet (MV 2B) a cationic dye model, was employed to investigate the adsorption properties of MCAC. A numerical desirability function in the Box–Behnken design (BBD) was employed to optimize the independent crucial adsorption variables as follows: A: MCAC dose (0.02–0.1 g); B: pH (4–10); and C: time (5–25 min). The results of equilibrium and dynamic adsorption showed that the adsorption of MV 2B followed Freundlich and pseudo-second order models, respectively. The maximum amount of MV 2B dye that the MCAC could adsorb (qmax) was 134.1 mg/g. Electrostatic interactions, π-π stacking, H-bonding, and pore diffusion contribute to the adsorption of MV 2B dye onto the MCAC surface. This study demonstrates the potential to utilize MC as a low-cost precursor for the efficient synthesis of MAC and its utility for the removal of pollutants.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterocycles via Intramolecular Platinum‐Catalyzed Propargylic Substitution. (2011)

Abstract Intramolecular propargylic substitution of nucleophile‐tethered propargylic acetates is used to construct morpholines, dioxanes and cyclic sulfamates.
Direct Observation of Transient Surface Species during Ge Nanowire Growth and Their Influence on Growth Stability (2015)

Surface adsorbates are well-established choreographers of material synthesis, but the presence and impact of these short-lived species on semiconductor nanowire growth are largely unknown. Here, we use infrared spectroscopy to directly observe surface adsorbates, hydrogen atoms and methyl groups, chemisorbed to the nanowire sidewall and show they are essential for the stable growth of Ge nanowires via the vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. We quantitatively determine the surface coverage of hydrogen atoms during nanowire growth by comparing ν(Ge-H) absorption bands from operando measurements (i.e., during growth) to those after saturating the nanowire sidewall with hydrogen atoms. This method provides sub-monolayer chemical information at relevant reaction conditions while accounting for the heterogeneity of sidewall surface sites and their evolution during elongation. Our findings demonstrate that changes to surface bonding are critical to understand Ge nanowire synthesis and provide new guidelines for rationally selecting catalysts, forming heterostructures, and controlling dopant profiles.
Self-forecasting energy-load stakeholders (2014)

The emergence of the Smart Grid brings new opportunities and challenges for all involved stakeholders. Integration of distributed energy resources, in particular renewables, introduces uncertainties in traditional load forecasting which is pivotal towards capitalizing upon the Smart Grid opportunities. This calls for an active contribution of the grid stakeholders and involvement of many locally available assets that can help achieving such goals. However, resources that can actively contribute to reduce the load uncertainties also need to be measurable and therefore predictable. This works presents a system that enables the realisation of Self-Forecasting EneRgy-load Stakeholders (SFERS) that can achieve highly-predictable loads on its own and report them as such to external parties. Accuracy in self-forecast is achieved by absorbing their unpredictability within locally available assets. We investigate the key performance indicators of such systems and the capability of electric vehicles residing on SFERS premises to absorb the forecasting errors. A detailed assessment of various operational conditions is realised by utilizing real-world data and simulating the main system components.
On the leading edge of forensic science (2016)

forensic sciences such as pathology, toxicology, anthropology, psychiatry, immunology, odontology, jurisprudence, criminalistics, questioned documents, digital evidence, and engineering.Similar submissions dealing with forensic oriented aspects of the social sciences are also included.
Nonparametric Modeling of Neural Point Processes via Stochastic Gradient Boosting Regression (2007)

Statistical nonparametric modeling tools that enable the discovery and approximation of functional forms (e.g., tuning functions) relating neural spiking activity to relevant covariates are desirable tools in neuroscience. In this article, we show how stochastic gradient boosting regression can be successfully extended to the modeling of spiking activity data while preserving their point process nature, thus providing a robust nonparametric modeling tool. We formulate stochastic gradient boosting in terms of approximating the conditional intensity function of a point process in discrete time and use the standard likelihood of the process to derive the loss function for the approximation problem. To illustrate the approach, we apply the algorithm to the modeling of primary motor and parietal spiking activity as a function of spiking history and kinematics during a two-dimensional reaching task. Model selection, goodness of fit via the time rescaling theorem, model interpretation via partial dependence plots, ranking of covariates according to their relative importance, and prediction of peri-event time histograms are illustrated and discussed. Additionally, we use the tenfold cross-validated log likelihood of the modeled neural processes (67 cells) to compare the performance of gradient boosting regression to two alternative approaches: standard generalized linear models (GLMs) and Bayesian P-splines with Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampling. In our data set, gradient boosting outperformed both Bayesian P-splines (in approximately 90% of the cells) and GLMs (100%). Because of its good performance and computational efficiency, we propose stochastic gradient boosting regression as an off-the-shelf nonparametric tool for initial analyses of large neural data sets (e.g., more than 50 cells; more than 10(5) samples per cell) with corresponding multidimensional covariate spaces (e.g., more than four covariates). In the cases where a functional form might be amenable to a more compact representation, gradient boosting might also lead to the discovery of simpler, parametric models.
Antimalarial Activity of a New Family of Analogues of Manzamine A (2006)

Manzamine A represents an important lead structure for the development of novel antimalarial chemotherapies. The synthesis and biological evaluation of a group of simplified analogues of manzamine A, which were designed to examine the roles of the A and D rings and of both the relative stereochemistry and the orientation of the beta-carboline heterocycle on the antimalarial activity of manzamine A, are described. [structure: see text]
An overview on optimized NLMS algorithms for acoustic echo cancellation (2015)

Acoustic echo cancellation represents one of the most challenging system identification problems. The most used adaptive filter in this application is the popular normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm, which has to address the classical compromise between fast convergence/tracking and low misadjustment. In order to meet these conflicting requirements, the step-size of this algorithm needs to be controlled. Inspired by the pioneering work of Prof. E. Hnsler and his collaborators on this fundamental topic, we present in this paper several solutions to control the adaptation of the NLMS adaptive filter. The developed algorithms are "non-parametric" in nature, i.e., they do not require any additional features to control their behavior. Simulation results indicate the good performance of the proposed solutions and support the practical applicability of these algorithms.
Probing the Folate-binding Site of Human Thymidylate Synthase by Site-directed Mutagenesis (1998)

Human thymidylate synthase (TS) contains three highly conserved residues Ile-108, Leu-221, and Phe-225 that have been suggested to be important for cofactor and antifolate binding. To elucidate the role of these residues and generate drug-resistant human TS mutants, 14 variants with multiple substitutions of these three hydrophobic residues were created by site-directed mutagenesis and transfected into mouse TS-negative cells for complementation assays and cytotoxicity studies, and the mutant proteins expressed and characterized. The I108A mutant confers resistance to raltitrexed and Thymitaq with respective IC50 values 54- and 80-fold greater than wild-type but less resistance to BW1843U89 (6-fold). The F225W mutant displays resistance to BW1843U89 (17-fold increase in IC50 values), but no resistance to raltitrexed and Thymitaq. It also confers 8-fold resistance to fluorodeoxyuridine. Both the kinetic characterization of the altered enzymes and formation of antifolate-resistant colonies in mouse bone marrow cells that express mutant TS are in accord with the IC50 values for cytotoxicity noted above. The human TS mutants (I108A and F225W), by virtue of their desirable properties, including good catalytic function and resistance to antifolate TS inhibitors, confirm the importance of amino acid residues Ile-108 and Phe-225 in the binding of folate and its analogues. These novel mutants may be useful for gene transfer experiments to protect hematopoietic progenitor cells from the toxic effects of these drugs.
Effect of frequency offset on carrier phase and symbol timing recovery in digital receivers (2002)

A new all-digital technique for clock and carrier phase synchronization of digital receivers was introduced by the authors. This technique is based on a polynomial approximation of the likelihood function and utilizes the Farrow (1988) structure for symbol interpolation. In this article, we analyze the effect of frequency offset or Doppler shift on the performance of the receiver while adjusting jointly the symbol timing and the carrier phase. Simulation results for the data-aided synchronization principle using two types of interpolators are provided and compared with the theoretical case. We notice that our optimized interpolator performs clearly better compared to the traditional Lagrange interpolator.
Identification of a Loop Outside the Active Site Cavity of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Proteases Which Confers Inhibitor Specificity (1997)

We have investigated the inhibitor specificity for the proteases of the human immunodeficiency viruses, types 1 and 2. Using a series of related inhibitors, the P1' side chain was confirmed to play a significant role in determining both the absolute and relative affinity for the enzymes. To further define the residues in the enzymes responsible for the difference in affinity, chimeric proteins were constructed in which domains of the respective proteases were exchanged at the genetic level. The results of these studies demonstrated that inhibitor affinity is conferred by a combination of the active site residues (32, 47, and 82) along with a loop comprised of residues 31 and 33-37, which lies outside of the active site cavity. These results are discussed in terms of existing structural data.
Design and Performance of Space–Time Codes for Spatially Correlated MIMO Channels (2007)

Space-time code (STC) designs classically rely on the assumption of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh channels. However, poor scattering conditions may have detrimental effects on the performance of STCs. In this letter, we derive code-design criteria leading to robust STCs in a large variety of slow-fading propagation conditions. No channel knowledge is assumed at the transmitter. Codes satisfying these criteria are shown to perform much better on real-world channels than codes designed only for i.i.d. channels. As examples, the robustness of various spatial multiplexing schemes, linear dispersion codes, and space-time trellis codes is discussed based on those criteria
Hashmod: A Hashing Method for Scalable 3D Object Detection (2015)

We present a scalable method for detecting objects and estimating their 3D poses in RGB-D data. To this end, we rely on an efficient representation of object views and employ hashing techniques to match these views against the input frame in a scalable way. While a similar approach already exists for 2D detection, we show how to extend it to estimate the 3D pose of the detected objects. In particular, we explore different hashing strategies and identify the one which is more suitable to our problem. We show empirically that the complexity of our method is sublinear with the number of objects and we enable detection and pose estimation of many 3D objects with high accuracy while outperforming the state-of-the-art in terms of runtime.