gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors and long‐term survival in breast cancer in a defined urban population (1990)

During the years 1945-1965 461 women in the city of Turku, Southwestern Finland, were diagnosed as having a biopsy-verified breast cancer. Four-hundred and thirty-nine patients (95%) with complete clinicopathologic data have now been followed up for a mean of 28 years (range from 22 to 42 years) or until death. The survival rate corrected for intercurrent deaths was 44%, 35%, and 34% 10, 20, and 30 years after the diagnosis, respectively. Only 1.2% of all deaths caused by breast cancer occurred more than 20 years after the diagnosis, and therefore about one third of the patients are likely to be cured. Fifty-six (12.8%) patients developed a second primary breast cancer or cancer of other sites. Survival of the patients diagnosed in the 1960s was better than that of the patients diagnosed earlier (p = 0.02), but the relative percentage of prognostically unfavorable poorly differentiated (Gr III) cancers became smaller with time (p = 0.009). Axillary nodal status was the most important independent prognostic factor for the 342 patients with an operable, unilateral, and invasive breast cancer in Cox's multivariate analysis (p less than 0.001), followed by histologic grade, type of tumor margin, the primary tumor size (p less than 0.001), and the extent of tumor necrosis (p = 0.003). Histologic type, mitotic count, nuclear pleomorphism, extent of tubule formation, amount of elastin, and extent of intraductal tumor growth were also significant prognostic factors in a univariate analysis.
Effects of musical training on brain development. (2009)

The auditory cortex builds representations of the auditory environment based on the characteristics of its input. I will present EEG and MEG data showing that, compared to non-musicians, adult musicians have enhanced responses to isolated musical tones, melodic sequences, and simultaneous melodies. Whether these differences are the result of musical experience is explored through training studies in adults and longitudinal studies comparing children engaged in musical lessons with children engaged in other activities. It will be shown that auditory sensory representations undergo a protracted developmental trajectory, not reaching adult states until well into the teenage years. Furthermore, the effects of musical experience can be seen in children as young as 4–5 years of age for both sensory and attentional components of the event-related potential. High-frequency oscillatory EEG activity (induced gamma band), which is associated with executive control, attention, and memory, emerges after 1 year of music lessons in children of this age, but is not seen in children who are not taking music lessons. Thus any benefits of musical training for other cognitive domains is likely mediated by the development of superior executive functioning.
Novel sst4-Selective Somatostatin (SRIF) Agonists. 4. Three-Dimensional Consensus Structure by NMR (2003)

The three-dimensional NMR structures of eight cyclic octapeptide analogues of somatostatin (SRIF) are described. These analogues, with the basic sequence H-c[Cys3-Phe6-Xxx7-Yyy8-Lys9-Thr10-Zzz11-Cys14]-OH (the numbering refers to the position in native SRIF), with Xxx7 being Phe/Ala/Tyr, Yyy8 being Trp/dTrp/d-threo-β-Me2Nal/l-threo-β-Me2Nal, and Zzz11 being Phe/Ala, exhibit potent and highly selective binding to human SRIF type 4 (sst4) receptors. The conformations reveal that the backbones of these analogues do not have the usual type-II‘ β-turn reported in the literature for sst2-subtype-selective analogues. Instead, the structures contain a unique arrangement of side chains of Yyy8, Lys9, and Phe6 or Phe11. The conformational preferences and results from biological analyses of these analogues (parts 1-3 of this series, Rivier et al., Erchegyi et al., and Erchegyi et al., J. Med. Chem. 2003, preceding papers in this issue) allow a detailed study of the structure−activity relationship of SRIF. The proposed consensus structural motif at the binding pocket for the sst4-selective analogues requires a unique set of distances between an indole/2-naphthyl ring, a lysine side chain, and another aromatic ring. This motif is necessary and sufficient to explain the binding affinities of all of the analogues studied and is distinct from the existing model suggested for sst2/sst5 selectivity.
Fabrication of three-dimensional photonic crystals with midgap wavelength at 1.55 /spl mu/m (2003)

Seven-functional-layer 3D photonic crystals with midgap wavelength at 1.55 /spl mu/m were fabricated with a layer-by-layer approach. We employed e-beam lithography to align and define the pattern, reactive-ion-etching to transfer the pattern, and spin-on-dielectrics to planarize the surface. Four such cycles were sufficient to complete the fabrication.
Oxetanes from the Ring Contraction of α-Triflates of γ-Lactones: Oxetane Nucleosides and Oxetane Amino Acids (2011)

Alpha-Triflates of gamma-lactones with potassium carbonate in methanol give efficient contraction of the ring to oxetane-1-carboxylates in which the oxygen substituent at C(3) of the oxetane is predominantly trans to the carboxylate at C(2), regardless of the stereochemistry of the starting triflate. The limitations of the procedure are discussed and compared with analogous reactions for the preparation of THF carboxylates. The potential of the contraction in the preparation of oxetane nucleosides (such as oxetanocin) and oxetane sugar amino acids (analogues of oxetin) as peptidomimetics with predisposition to form secondary structural motifs is illustrated.
ASSAY TECHNOLOGIES FOR PROTEASES (2013)

Proteases specifically cleave protein substrates either from the N- or C-termini or in the middle of the molecule. This chapter presents an overview of common protease assay technologies. It discusses computational approaches to designing substrates for protease binding sites. Identification of appropriate substrate is the first major step toward characterizing a protease and developing an assay to monitor its activity. The assays for proteolytic enzymes are generally continuous, homogeneous assays that can be performed in medium-to high- throughput formats. The chapter explains three major assay formats that are widely employed for assaying the activity of various members of protease family: colorimetric assays; fluorescence assays; and bioluminescent assays. Nanoparticle-based assays are very sensitive and can be used to monitor protease activity in real-time both in vitro and in vivo. The chapter also discusses some of the proteases and the assays used for activity determination and for identification of small-molecule/peptidomimetic modulators.
Thermal resistance and compressive strain of underwater aerogel–syntactic foam hybrid insulation at atmospheric and elevated hydrostatic pressure (2006)

The purpose of this study was to present a new underwater thermal insulation designed for flexibility and high thermal resistance. The insulation was a hybrid composite of two constituents: syntactic foam and an insulating aerogel blanket. Methods for treating and combining the constituents into a hybrid insulation of several designs are presented. A final configuration was selected based on high thermal resistance and was tested for thermal resistance and compressive strain to a pressure of 1.2 MPa (107 msw, meters of sea water) for five continuous pressure cycles. The thermal resistance and compressive strain results were compared to foam neoprene and underwater pipeline insulation. It was found that the hybrid insulation has a thermal resistance significantly higher than both foam neoprene and underwater pipeline insulation at atmospheric and elevated hydrostatic pressures (1.2 MPa). The total thermal resistance of the hybrid insulation decreased 32% at 1.2 MPa and returned to its initial value upon decompression. It was concluded that the hybrid insulation, with modifications, could be used for wetsuit construction, shallow underwater pipeline insulation, or any underwater application where high thermal resistance, flexibility, and resistance to compression are desired.
Foundational Work in Bioelectrochemical Anaerobic Reactor Design with Electron Mediators (2013)

Bioelectrical reactors (BER) have potential to be utilized in a wide variety of industrial applications. This work explores the kinetics involved with reduction of electron mediators (anthraquinone disulfonate and methyl viologen) in bioelectrical reactors. It also discusses on possible application of BER technology to produce ethanol from CO2 and electricity. It is established that Clostridium ragdahlei is capable of sustaining life and product formation with CO2 as the only carbon source. This means it is theoretically possible to utilize CO2 as he source of carbon and electricity as the source of reducing equivalents for bacterial growth and product formation. A three-step mechanism composed of adsorption, surface reaction, and desorption is developed to model the reaction of dissolved electron mediators at the electrode surface of the BER. The proposed mechanism is then utilized to build a mathematical model to describe the kinetics of the BER system. This model is used to gain greater understanding of experimental kinetic data of electron mediator reduction at different voltage potentials. It is determined that voltage potential has very small effect on the initial rate of reaction in the reactor. However, thermodynamic equilibrium is affected by the change in voltage, resulting in longer sustained initial rate at higher overpotential. Mathematically, this change affects the modeled rate constants by increasing the reverse rate constant of the rate limiting step, and also by affecting the ratio of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of adsorption. This results in a larger amount of oxidized electron mediator adsorbed to the electrode surface at higher overpotentials, leading to the initial rate persisting further into experimental runs. One key portion of these findings was the determination that the surface reaction step is the rate limiting step of the kinetic mechanism. This has great ramifications on future research and on future considerations for reactor design. This insight allows for better understanding of the key and fundamental workings of BER technology.
Reading distance of multifocal intraocular lenses (2010)

Diffractive Multifocal intraocular lenses are currently a viable option for presbyopia correction. This paper describes reading distance in relation with refractive error and location of diffractive profile.
CONSTRAINED LINERS IMPLANTED SIMULTANEOUSLY AT THE TIME OF ACETABULAR SHELL REVISION WITH A HIGHLY POROUS IMPLANT: SURPRISINGLY GOOD FIXATION AT TEN YEARS (2019)

Introduction Many surgeons are reluctant to use a constrained liner at the time of acetabular component revision given concerns this might result in early acetabular component loosening. We hypothe...
Hyperglycemia Promotes Oxidative Stress through Inhibition of Thioredoxin Function by Thioredoxin-interacting Protein (2004)

Increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to vascular disease and pro-atherosclerotic effects of diabetes mellitus may be mediated by oxidative stress. Several ROS-scavenging systems tightly control cellular redox balance; however, their role in hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress is unclear. A ubiquitous antioxidative mechanism for regulating cellular redox balance is thioredoxin, a highly conserved thiol reductase that interacts with an endogenous inhibitor, thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip). Here we show that hyperglycemia inhibits thioredoxin ROS-scavenging function through p38 MAPK-mediated induction of Txnip. Overexpression of Txnip increased oxidative stress, while Txnip gene silencing restored thioredoxin activity in hyperglycemia. Diabetic animals exhibited increased vascular expression of Txnip and reduced thioredoxin activity, which normalized with insulin treatment. These results provide evidence for the impairment of a major ROS-scavenging system in hyperglycemia. These studies implicate reduced thioredoxin activity through interaction with Txnip as an important mechanism for vascular oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus.
Vibration Sensitivity Reduction of Photoacoustic Gas Analyzers (2014)

Optical gas analyzers are devices for measuring gas concentrations with high precision in industrial environments. Nevertheless, mechanical shocks and vibrations can impact the measurement accuracy if the analyzer is installed in very noisy environments, e.g., near rotating machines. In this paper, we propose two methods wherein the influence of vibrations is removed with the aid of a signal measured via an accelerometer. In the first method, referred to as offline, the mechanoelectrical transfer function between the vibration and its effects on the microphone is estimated before installation of the sensor. In the second method, referred to as online, the mechanoelectrical transfer function is updated continuously under normal sensing operations. The two methods have been implemented and lab tests confirm the effectiveness of both methods.
Through-Bond and Long-Range Ferromagnetic Spin Alignment in a .pi.-Conjugated Polyradical with a Poly(phenylenevinylene) Skeleton (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThrough-Bond and Long-Range Ferromagnetic Spin Alignment in a .pi.-Conjugated Polyradical with a Poly(phenylenevinylene) SkeletonHiroyuki Nishide, Takashi Kaneko, Takeshi Nii, Kohya Katoh, Eishun Tsuchida, and Kizashi YamaguchiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 1, 548–549Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00106a070RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views246Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (302 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Expression of fhit protein during mouse development (2000)

Fhit protein has a putative tumor suppressor function in several types of human and experimental cancers. To assess whether Fhit is involved in fetal development we have examined the distribution of Fhit protein in the 12- through 16-day postcoitum mouse fetus and in postnatal day 0 mouse pups by immunocytochemistry. High levels of Fhit protein were observed in the endodermal derivatives, namely, bronchi, trachea, esophagus, stomach, and intestine, in the 12- to 16-day postcoitum mouse fetus and in the postnatal day 0 pup. Other tissues showed a more restricted pattern of Fhit protein expression. These results suggest that Fhit may play a role in the development of specific tissues during mouse development.
Crushing of Composite Structures: Experiment and Simulation (2009)

A systematic experimental investigation is conducted to evaluate the effect of geometric features on crush behavior. From a carbon/epoxy square tube, individual test segments are machined in order to isolate corner radii and flat sections of varying sizes, for a total of five different test geometries. Laminate thickness, material system, manufacturing process, and test methodology are kept constant throughout the study. For the material system and lay-up considered in this study, fiber tensile fracture and tearing at the corners is responsible for the vast percentage of the energy absorbed, while frond formation and splaying of the flat segments is responsible for a much lower percentage. An analytical expression is derived that accounts for the combined behavior of corner elements and flat segments in the crush behavior of more complex test articles, such as tubes. Explicit dynamic Finite Element Analyses using LSDYNA’s progressive failure MAT54 material model are performed for each of the specimens tested. It is found that the SOFT crash front parameter, a key numerical parameter used to facilitate controlled collapse failure over unstable crushing, is not a constant for the material but it needs to change with each shape tested in order to yield successful simulations. Furthermore, a striking relationship is found between the SOFT parameter and the degree of stability of the section.
The absorption of sound waves in perfect dielectric crystals (1965)

Abstract The attenuation of ultrasonic waves in a perfect dielectric crystal has been calculated by the method of thermodynamic Green's functions. The calculation is valid for all values of ωt (ω sound wave frequency, τt average thermal phonon lifetime) but is limited to the case kθD>kTω, where T is the absolute temperature and θD is the Debye temperature.
Towards mid-infrared supercontinuum generation: Ge-Sb-Se mid-infrared step-index small-core optical fiber (2014)

In the 21st century, cancer has become a common and feared illness. Early detection is crucial for delivering the most effective treatment of patients, yet current diagnostic tests depend upon the skill of a consultant clinician and histologist for recognition of the cancerous cells. Therefore it is necessary to develop a medical diagnostic system which can analyze and image tissue instantly, removing the margin of human error and with the additional benefit of being minimally invasive. The molecular fingerprint of biological tissue lies within the mid-infrared (IR) region of the electromagnetic spectrum, 3-25&mu;m wavelength. This can be used to determine a tissue spectral map and provide information about the absence or existence of disease, potentially in real-time and in vivo. However, current mid-IR broadband sources are not bright enough to achieve this. One alternative is to develop broadband, mid-IR, supercontinuum generation (SCG). Chalcogenide glass optical fibers have the potential to provide such mid-IR SC light. A popular chalcogenide glass fiber type is based on Ge-As-Se. For biomedical applications it is prudent to avoid the use of arsenic, on account of its toxicity. This paper investigates replacing arsenic with antimony, towards Ge-Sb-Se smallcore optical fibers for SCG. Physical properties of candidate glass pairs are investigated for glass stability via differential thermal analysis etc. and fiber optical loss measurements of associated fibers are assessed. These results are compared to analogous arsenic-containing chalcogenide glasses and optical fibers, and conclusions are drawn focusing on whether there is potential for antimony chalcogenide glass to be used for SCG for mid-infrared medical diagnostics.
E-105 Antibodies against ebola virus (2016)

The Viral Hemorrhagic Fever Immunotherapeutic Consortium is a field- wide, global collaboration that aims to understand which antibodies are effective against filoviruses and arenaviruses and why, and how maximally effective therapeutic cocktails could be assembled. In 2007, it was found that a potent neutralizing mAb was unable to control the course of Ebola virus infection. In 2012, however, it was determined that cocktails of mAbs, including non-neutralizing antibodies, could provide lifesaving postexposure protection against Ebola virus. After these results, the questions in the field were: Is a cocktail of mAbs (vs. a single mAb) necessary? Which combinations offer additive or synergistic functions? Which compete? Which are best? And why? Does in vitro neutralization correlate with in vivo protection? If not, why not? The likely requirement of more than one antibody to mitigate escape, the rarity of the most effective antibodies, and the number of unknowns in terms of the best correlates of protection suggested a large scale, multidisciplinary approach as the best way forward. Over 25 laboratories across 10 countries organized to analyze their assembled pool of mAbs using structural, biochemical, cellular and in vivo analysis. One key facet of this consortium is that all the mAbs are de-identified, for impartial analysis. A second key facet is its scale: antibodies from multiple labs are being compared side-by- side under the same assay condtiions (“apples to apples”), expediting selection, and allowing cocktails to be assembled using rare antbodies from around the globe. The results from the first year will be presented including structures, epitope mapping, and functional analysis. We find that only some potential antibody epitopes consistently lead to in vitro neutralization; others offer protection in the absence of in vitro neutralization.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of 4‐Hydroxy‐3‐phenylcoumarins by Titanium(III)‐ Mediated Reductive C‐C Bond Formation. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Arene‐Metal Clusters: Metal Atom‐Bis(arene)metal Solution Phase Chemistry (1982)

Abstract The complete manuscript of this communication appears in: Angew. Chem. Suppl. 1982 , 381. DOI: 10.1002/anie.198203810
Raman and CT scan mapping of chalcogenide glass diffusion generated gradient index profiles (2018)

Gradient index (GRIN) lenses have been created for imaging in the infrared regime by diffusion of chalcogenide glasses. The GRIN lenses are shaped using a combination of precision glass molding and single point diamond turning. The precision glass molding step, is known to cause a drop in the index of refraction in both oxide and chalcogenide glasses. This drop is a direct result of the cooling rate during the molding process. Since the GRIN lenses have an index of refraction profile created by diffusion of multiple chalcogenide glasses, we would expect that the index drop would vary as a function of position. In this paper we investigate the expected profile change due to the index drop of the constituent chalcogenide glasses, as well as report performance data on the GRIN lenses.
Error accumulation of repetitive image coding (2002)

Repetitive image coding is encountered in applications such as video transcoding and image/video servers. This paper studies the effect of error accumulation in repetitive image coding. We describe the conditions under which zero-error-accumulation property holds. We study the impact of intermediate operations (like linear filtering, sealing, and shifting) on image quality in repetitive coding. Experiments with DCT, MC, and MPEG coding algorithms are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Author Correction: SMARCA2-regulated host cell factors are required for MxA restriction of influenza A viruses (2018)

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.