gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
We Can Explain Your Research in Layman's Terms: Towards Automating Science Journalism at Scale (2021)

We propose to study Automating Science Journalism (ASJ), the process of producing a layman's terms summary of a research article, as a new benchmark for long neural abstractive summarization and story generation. Automating science journalism is a challenging task as it requires paraphrasing complex scientific concepts to be grasped by the general public. Thus, we create a specialized dataset that contains scientific papers and their Science Daily press releases. We demonstrate numerous sequence to sequence (seq2seq) applications using Science Daily with the aim of facilitating further research on language generation, which requires extreme paraphrasing and coping with long research articles. We further improve the quality of the press releases using co-training with scientific abstracts of sources or partitioned press releases. Finally, we apply evaluation measures beyond ROUGE and we demonstrate improved performance for our method over strong baselines, which we further confirm by quantitative and qualitative evaluation.
<title>New method for obtaining drift mobility and diffusion coefficient and their relation in photorefractive polymers</title> (1999)

A new easy method for obtaining a drift mobility and a diffusion coefficient from a nondispersive time-of-flight transient has been developed. Nondispersive transients are described well in the theoretical photocurrent equation (PTE) based on the fact that a carrier packet drifts at a constant velocity and is spread by diffusion, the top electrode acts as a reflecting and partially absorbing wall, and the counter electrode acts as an absorbing wall. The fitting of the PTE to photocurrent transients gives the mobility and the diffusion coefficient (D) simultaneously. These are suitable characteristic values for descriptions of carriers transport because they do not show the thickness dependence and the negative field dependence in a low electric field. The mobility that sometimes shows the thickness dependence and the negative field dependence in a low electric field, however, has usually been measured from the time of the intersection of the asymptotes to the plateau and trailing edge of the transients. In order to obtain (mu) <SUB>a</SUB> from photocurrent transients by a simple method, we have tried to describe t<SUB>0</SUB> and tail-broadening parameter W as functions of (mu) <SUB>a</SUB> and D, where W is defined as (t<SUB>1/2</SUB> - t<SUB>0</SUB>)/t<SUB>1/2</SUB> and t<SUB>1/2</SUB> is the time at which the current is a half of that in the plateau region. The dependences of calculated (mu) <SUB>k</SUB> and W on the electric field and the sample thickness agreed well with those of the experimental data. These results verify the PTE and suggest that (mu) <SUB>a</SUB> and D can be calculated from t<SUB>0</SUB> and W. We also report that the diffusion coefficient is proportional to the power of 2 of the mobility. This result agrees with a theory based on the Langevin equation which describes motions of carriers in a fluctuated field.
The formation of a semiquinone form of deazaFAD bound to D-amino acid oxidase (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe formation of a semiquinone form of deazaFAD bound to D-amino acid oxidaseLouis B. Hersh, Marilyn S. Jorns, Julian Peterson, and Mark CurrieCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 3, 865–867Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1976https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00419a053RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views95Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (371 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
First-Principles Calculations of Field Emission from Nano-Structures (2006)

A simple yet accurate self-consistent method using the density functional formalism is introduced to study the field emission properties of the nano-structures including the nanographitic armchair ribbons and the Fe bilayer on W(001) surface. The field emission currents from the armchair ribbons are dominated by the contribution from off-zone-center states because of specific wavefunction symmetries, and there exists an anomalous current density dependence on the inter-ribbons separation due to edge dipole effects. The high minority-spin-polarization of the field emission current from the Fe bilayer on W(001) surface is found, and is due to that the emission current with majority-spin is from the W substrate states but the current with minority-spin is mainly contributed by the quantum well states localized in the Fe bilayer. These rather novel properties should be ascribed to the special electronic structures of these two nano-structures.
Conversation Modeling to Predict Derailment (2023)

Conversations among online users sometimes derail, i.e., break down into personal attacks. Such derailment has a negative impact on the healthy growth of cyberspace communities. The ability to predict whether ongoing conversations are likely to derail could provide valuable real-time insight to interlocutors and moderators. Prior approaches predict conversation derailment retrospectively without the ability to forestall the derailment proactively. Some works attempt to make dynamic prediction as the conversation develops, but fail to incorporate multisource information, such as conversation structure and distance to derailment. We propose a hierarchical transformer-based framework that combines utterance-level and conversation-level information to capture fine-grained contextual semantics. We propose a domain-adaptive pretraining objective to integrate conversational structure information and a multitask learning scheme to leverage the distance from each utterance to derailment. An evaluation of our framework on two conversation derailment datasets yields improvement over F1 score for the prediction of derailment. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of incorporating multisource information.
Simulation Study of High-sensitivity Cardiac-dedicated PET Systems with Different Geometries (2020)

Noninvasive quantification of myocardial blood flow with PET is a vital tool for detecting and monitoring of coronary artery disease. However, current standard cylindrical PET scanners are not optimized for cardiac imaging because they are designed mainly for whole-body imaging. In this study, we proposed two compact geometries, the elliptical geometry and the D-shape geometry, for cardiac-dedicated PET systems. We then evaluated their performance compared with a whole-body-size cylindrical geometry by using the Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation toolkit. In the simulation, an elliptical water phantom was scanned for 10-sec, and we calculated the sensitivity and the noise-equivalent count rate (NECR). Subsequently, a digital chest phantom was scanned for 30-sec and the coincidence data were reconstructed by in-house image reconstruction software. We evaluated the image noise in the liver region and the contrast recoveries in the heart region. Even with the limited number of detectors, the proposed compact geometries showed higher sensitivity than the whole-body geometry. The D-shape geometry achieved 47% higher NECR and 44% lower image noise compared with the whole-body cylindrical geometry. However, the contrasts in the hot area obtained by the proposed compact geometries were not as good as that obtained by the whole-body cylindrical geometry. There was no considerable difference in image quality between the elliptical geometry and the D-shape geometry. In conclusion, the compact geometries we have proposed are promising designs for a high-sensitivity and low-cost cardiac-dedicated PET system. A further study using a defect phantom model is required to evaluate the contrast of cold areas.
547. Magnetically Driven Non-Viral Gene Delivery Efficiently Transfects Cultured Smooth Muscle Cells and Inhibits Their Growth Via Adiponectin Transgene Expression (2006)

Non-viral gene delivery systems present an attractive alternative to viruses due to a reduced immune response compared to viral vectors and ease of manufacture. However their clinical use is limited by their relatively low efficiency and toxic effects in non-target tissues. These limitations can be addressed by using carriers possessing targeting properties. Targeting achievable via magnetic force may provide a clinically viable solution for effective and non- toxic non-viral gene delivery. The present studies investigated the hypothesis that non-viral transfection can be achieved via magnetically driven delivery of iron oxide containing nanoparticle- pDNA complexes. Iron oxide laden polylactide (PLA)-based biodegradable nanoparticles (NP) were surface modified with polyethyleneimine. NP containing 10% and 35% iron oxide by weight had an average size of 370±20 nm and both exhibited superparamagnetic properties (magnetic remnance less than 0.5% of their magnetic saturation values), while the latter showed higher magnetization (0.64 vs. 0.21 memu at 500 Oe, respectively). The capacity of the latter NP formulation to deliver plasmid DNA was examined in cultured A10, rat aortic smooth muscle cells (SMC), using GFP as a reporter gene. NP complexed with DNA were applied to cells for 15 min under magnetic field, and their cellular uptake and gene expression were measured fluorimetrically 2 days post treatment. Intracellular NP levels were directly dose dependent in the examined NP dose range. NP application in either low or high serum conditions (10% and 50%, respectively) resulted in significant levels of transgene expression. While similar rates of NP cellular uptake were observed in low and high serum conditions, GFP expression was 1.5-2 times higher in 10% serum-containing medium. Free DNA as well as NP-DNA complexes applied in the absence of a magnetic field did not produce detectable transgene levels under these experimental conditions. Plasmid DNA encoding adiponectin, a protein strongly suppressing PDGF-BB-induced proliferation and migration of SMC, was chosen as a gene potentially therapeutically relevant for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. The effect of magnetically mediated gene transfer on cell growth was examined in subconfluent culture of A10 incubated for 15 min in DMEM supplemented with 2% FBS and 10 ng/ml of PDGF-BB with magnetic NP complexed with adiponectin plasmid. The levels of adiponectin in the medium were found to be 3.7-4.3 ng/ml two days post treatment per ELISA. A complex of magnetic NP and DNA (2.5-3.2 μg and 0.25 μg per well, respectively) significantly inhibited the growth of SMC compared to NP complexed with GFP plasmid or GFP plasmid without a promoter (60-70% vs. 10-20%) as determined by an Alamar Blue assay. It is concluded that magnetically responsive pDNA-NP complexes demonstrate increased transgene expression versus controls.
Several new electrofocusing techniques (2007)

The segregation and analysis of low-abundance proteins from complex biological fluids requires serial application of separation techniques that can simultaneously fractionate and concentrate solutes. In general, these techniques belong either to the family of displacement methods, e.g., ITP, or to the gradient methods, e.g., gradient-elution HPLC. IEF is a member of the subset of the gradient methods referred to as equilibrium gradient methods (EGM) and has the important property that, starting from an arbitrarily distributed initial state, evolves over time to a self-sharpening, stationary steady state. Until the introduction of counteracting chromatographic electrophoresis by O'Farrell in 1985, IEF was the only known electrokinetic technique with this property. Today, the sub-family of electrokinetic EGMs has at least half a dozen members and is slowly growing. This review describes some of the essential properties of the displacement methods, the EGMs and the non-EGMs, showing how they can be applied in microelectromechanical systems platforms, how their performance can be predicted and how new members with orthogonal properties may be added to the EGM family.
Low emittance growth in a low energy beam transport line with un-neutralized section (2018)

In a low energy beam transport line (LEBT), the emittance growth due to the beam's space charge is typically suppressed by way of neutralization from either electrons or ions, which originate from ionization of the background gas. In cases where the beam is chopped, the neutralization pattern usually changes throughout the beginning of the pulse, causing the Twiss parameters to differ significantly from their steady state values, which, in turn, may result in beam losses downstream. For a modest beam perveance, there is an alternative solution, in which the beam is kept un-neutralized in the portion of the LEBT that contains the chopper. The emittance can be nearly preserved if the transition to the un-neutralized section occurs where the beam exhibits low transverse tails. This report introduces the rationale for the proposed scheme and formulates the physical arguments for it as well as its limitations. An experimental realization of the scheme was carried out at Fermilab's PIP2IT where low beam emittance dilution was demonstrated for a 5 mA, 30 keV ${\mathrm{H}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ beam.
Study of eccentric fixation with secondary visual feedback (1979)

Secondary visual feedback (2VFB) is a visual signal derived from continuous measurement of eye position and provides an extra artificial indication of the point of gaze. 2VFB may be eccentrically displaced and subjects are able to visually superimpose 2VFB onto a visual target signal and thus achieve and maintain eccentric fixation. Initial transient patterns of movement depend upon training but even naive subjects can achieve eccentric fixation within the first 40 s of such a task. Individual strategies and idiosyncratic patterns are exaggerations of normal control and fixational eye movements. The variance of maintained fixation increases with eccentricity and appears to be related to visual acuity as well as to precision of ocular motor control.
Structure-Based Design of Novel Bicyclic Nonpeptide Inhibitors for the Src SH2 Domain (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUELetterNEXTStructure-Based Design of Novel Bicyclic Nonpeptide Inhibitors for the Src SH2 DomainWilliam C. Shakespeare, Regine S. Bohacek, Mihai D. Azimioara, Karina J. Macek, George P. Luke, David C. Dalgarno, Marcos H. Hatada, Xiaode Lu, Shelia M. Violette, Catherine Bartlett, and Tomi K. SawyerView Author Information ARIAD Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 26 Landsdowne Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139-4234 Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 21, 3815–3819Publication Date (Web):September 28, 2000Publication History Received2 August 2000Published online28 September 2000Published inissue 1 October 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm0003337https://doi.org/10.1021/jm0003337rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views539Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Hydrophobicity,Molecules,Peptides and proteins,Phenyls Get e-Alerts
Effects of transcranial photobiomodulation with near‐infrared light on sexual dysfunction (2018)

This exploratory study with a small sample size indicates that repeated sessions of NIR t-PBM may be associated with therapeutic effects on sexual dysfunction. The latter appeared unrelated to the antidepressant effect of t-PBM in our cohort. Lasers Surg. Med. 51:127-135, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Quinine alone versus Quinine Plus a Pyrimethamine-Sulfadoxine Combination in the Treatment of Plasmodium Faliciparum Cerebral Malaria (1981)

Fifty-two patients with severe chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum malaria were treated in a randomized double blind study with either quinine and a single dose of pyrimethamine-sulfadoxine (Fansidar) or quinine alone. Although no statistically significant differences were observed, the 25 patients who received both drugs responded faster and had a more favorable outcome (no deaths) when compared to the 27 who received quinine alone (2 deaths).
L-N6-(1-Iminoethyl)lysine: A Selective Inhibitor of Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase (1994)

L-N6-(1-Iminoethyl)lysine (L-NIL) has been synthesized and is shown to be both a potent and selective inhibitor of mouse inducible nitric oxide synthase (miNOS). L-NIL has an IC50 of 3.3 microM for miNOS compared to an IC50 of 92 microM for rat brain constitutive NOS indicating that L-NIL is 28-fold more selective for inducible NOS. L-N5-(1-Iminoethyl)ornithine (L-NIO), which differs from L-NIL by having one less methylene group, has very similar potency for inducible NOS, but lacks selectivity. DL-N7-(1-Iminoethyl)homolysine was also synthesized and found to be substantially less potent than L-NIL or L-NIO, with intermediate selectivity for inducible NOS. These data suggest that L-NIL may be useful as a selective inhibitor of inducible NOS for determining the role of this enzyme in disease models.
Acute Resveratrol Consumption Improves Neurovascular Coupling Capacity in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2016)

a single 75 mg dose of resveratrol was able to improve neurovascular coupling and cognitive performance in T2DM. Evaluation of benefits of chronic resveratrol supplementation is now warranted.
Erythronium Bonds: Noncovalent Interactions Involving Group 5 Elements as Electron Density Acceptors (2023)

Analyses of the Cambridge Structural Database and theoretical calculations (PBE0-D3/def2-TZVP level, atoms-in-molecules, natural bond orbital studies) prove the formation of net attractive noncovalent interactions between group 5 elements and electron-rich atoms (neutral or anionic). These bondings are markedly different from coordination bonds formed by the same elements and possess the distinctive features of σ-hole interactions. The term erythronium bond is proposed to denote these bonds. X-ray structures of vanadate-dependent bromoperoxidases show these interactions are present also in biological systems.
Verifying Safety for Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems via Reactive Software Restart (2022)

Resilient cyber-physical systems (CPS) must ensure safety and per-form required tasks in the presence of malicious cyber attacks. Recently, restart-based defenses have been proposed in which a CPS mitigates attacks by reverting to an initial safe state. In this paper, we consider a class of reactive restart approaches for CPS under malicious attacks with verifiable safety guarantees. We consider a setting where the controllers are engineered to crash and reboot following faults or attacks. We present a hybrid system model that captures the trade-off between security, availability, and safety of the CPS due to the reactive restart. We develop sufficient conditions under which an affine controller provides verifiable safety guar-antees for the physical plant using a barrier certificate approach. We synthesize safety-critical controllers using control barrier functions to guarantee system safety under given timing parameters. We present two case studies on the proposed approach using a warehouse temperature control system and a two-dimensional non-linear system. Our proposed approach guarantees the safety for both cases.
Effect of ion-pairing reagent hydrophobicity on liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis of oligonucleotides (2022)

We performed a systematic study of thirteen alkylamines used as ion-pairing reagents for ion-pair reversed-phase liquid chromatography (IP RP LC) separations of oligonucleotides on a C18 column. We proposed a method to classify the hydrophobicity of alkylamines by their retention in RP LC. The IP reagent hydrophobicity correlated with the retention and resolution of oligonucleotides in the corresponding IP mobile phases. The baseline resolution was achieved up to 30 mer for hydrophilic, or up to 50 mer for hydrophobic IP reagents. Hydrophobic alkylamines permitted useful oligonucleotide separations at relatively low buffer concentrations, such as 5-10 mM alkylamine-acetate IP systems. These buffers were compatible with mass spectrometry detection, however, replacement of acetic acid with hexafluoroisopropanol in the mobile phase improved the MS signal by 2-3 orders of magnitude. Experiments with native and chemically modified oligonucleotides highlighted the mixed-mode nature of IP RP LC. When using hydrophobic IP reagents, the ionic retention mechanism of oligonucleotides is enhanced while hydrophobic retention is diminished.
A 0.18 μm SiGe BiCMOS receiver and transmitter chipset for SONET OC-768 transmission systems (2003)

A BiCMOS CDR/1:4-DEMUX and CMU/4:1-MUX chipset targeting 40-43 Gb/s optical communications is implemented in 0.18 /spl mu/m SiGe. At 43 Gb/s and up to 100/spl deg/C chip temperature, both ICs operate at BER <10/sup -15/ and <210 fs RMS clock jitter. The receiver and transmitter chips dissipate 2.8 W and 2.3 W, respectively, from a -3.6 V supply.
A mechanism‐based approach unveils metabolic routes potentially mediating chlorantraniliprole synergism in honey bees, Apis mellifera L. , by azole fungicides (2021)

Honey bee CYP9Q enzymes are involved in chlorantraniliprole metabolism and inhibited by triazole fungicides possibly leading to synergism in acute contact toxicity bioassays. Our mechanistic approach has the potential to inform tier I honey bee pesticide risk assessment.