gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Impending Ubiquity of Cognitive Objects (2016)

The word symbiosis (Merriam-Webster 2015) has its origins in biology where it means “the relationship between two different kinds of living things that live together and depend on each other.” When referring to symbiotic cognitive computing, we expand this definition to include both people and intelligent computational agents who work together in a partnership (Farrell et. al 2005). Cognitive objects embody these intelligent agents, providing a physical object that may sense, compute, react, and interact with the power of cognitive computing. In this paper, we describe a few preliminary design explorations that investigate the impact of being surrounded by cognitive objects during group meetings. We frame a research agenda around the construction, programming, and usage of cognitive objects in work and home environments, and for use cases across industries such as oil and gas, healthcare and agriculture.
Minimising peak-to-average power ratio of multitonesignalsusing steepest descent method (1995)

The authors have discovered a novel phasing scheme which achieves far lower peak-to-average power ratios (PAPRs) for multitone signals than existing methods. The new scheme is based on minimising the fluctuation in the average power level in the instantaneous envelope power of multitone signals. For over 11-tone signals, the obtained PAPR is &lt;1.4 dB. This is over 1.2 dB better than any value yet reported.
Chemical modification of coriolin B. (1977)

Several derivatives of 5-ketocoriolin B (8, 11, 12) chemically modified at C-8 have been synthesized. These derivatives showed antitumor and antibacterial activity of the same degree as 5-ketocoriolin B (4) and diketocoriolin B (5) which were the most active members of the known coriolin group antibiotics. These derivatives were more stable than 4 and 5 in acidic or alkaline solution.
SOIL DEVELOPMENT AT THE ROADSIDE: A CASE STUDY OF A NOVEL ECOSYSTEM (2011)

ABSTRACT Over the last few decades, road construction has increased dramatically, and new surfaces have appeared in most landscapes. Standard roadside reclamation practices often fail, because vegetation establishment appears to be limited by microsite availability. We considered soil properties as a key factor driving vegetation establishment on roadslopes over time. We address the following questions: (i) Are soil features conditioned by type of roadslope, position thereupon or applied hydroseeding? (ii) Is there any evidence of soil development at the roadside four years after road construction? (iii) Do mutual interactions exist between soil features and vegetation cover? We designed an experimental set‐up on a highway in Central Spain (Madrid). We selected 15 roadslopes (nine roadcuts and six embankments) with three hydroseeding treatments (commercial, alternative and untreated). Four years after the road construction, we considered three roadslope positions (top, middle and bottom) to take into account the geomorphological gradient. We monitored soil features and vegetation cover over 4 years after the road construction. Soil chemical differences were found between roadslope types, mainly resulted from topsoil spreading on embankments and the weathering of the newly exposed materials on roadcuts. Applied amendments do not affect soil fertility or vegetation cover. In the course of time, vegetation establishment and geomorphological gradients operate differentially on roadcuts and embankments. Accordingly, cycling back of organic compounds or geomorphological processes differs between roadslopes types. Restoration efforts should be directed to guarantee key ecological processes and support soil formation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley &amp; Sons, Ltd.
Radionuclide Sensors Based on Chemically Selective Scintillating Microspheres:  Renewable Column Sensor for Analysis of99Tc in Water (1999)

A method for chemically selective radiometric sensing of non-γ-emitting radionuclides in solution is described. Using scintillating microspheres with selective radionuclide uptake properties, radiochemical separation and radiometric detection steps are integrated within a sensor device. These microspheres are loaded into a renewable minicolumn that serves to capture, preconcentrate, and separate radionuclides. The preconcentrating minicolumn also localizes and retains radionuclides within a detector of well-defined geometry and emits a photometric signal. The sensor material in the column can either be regenerated with eluent chemistries or be renewed by fluidic replacement of the beads. The latter method allows the use of materials that bind analytes irreversibly or are unstable under regeneration conditions. Radionuclide-selective scintillating microspheres were prepared by coimmobilization of scintillating fluors and selective organic extractants within the pores of an inert polymeric support. Preparation and characterization of microspheres, and their use for selective quantitative sensing of (99)Tc(VII), is described in detail. A sensor-based procedure for (99)Tc(VII) analysis was developed and successfully applied toward the determination of (99)Tc(VII) in groundwater samples from the Hanford site, using standard addition techniques for quantification. Using a 50-mL sample volume and signal accumulation time of 30 min, the detection limit for (99)Tc(VII) was 0.37 dpm/mL (9.8 pg/mL).
Loss of chromosome arms 3p and 9p and inactivation of P16INK4a in normal epithelium of patients with primary lung cancer (2001)

The accumulation of genetic alterations in the respiratory epithelium may give rise to cancer and often is accompanied by a series of histologic alterations over a period of several years. Recent studies have identified some molecular alterations in histologically normal-appearing epithelium among patients with lung cancer. To extend these observations, we investigated clonal genetic alterations by using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis and immunohistochemistry in 69 biopsy samples of histologically normal-appearing bronchial epithelium from 22 patients with or without lung cancer. Thirty-seven biopsy specimens from 13 patients were examined for loss of 3p14, and 48 biopsy specimens from 18 patients were examined for loss at 9p21 by FISH. P16(INK4a) expression was analyzed in 54 biopsy samples from 19 patients. In at least one biopsy specimen from five of the 13 patients with primary lung cancer, FISH or immunohistochemistry detected loss of the 3p14 or 9p21 region. In contrast, no alterations were detected for the same regions in the nine patients without primary lung cancer. Our results support the concept that the normal epithelial surface of large bronchi of patients with lung cancer has molecular changes suggestive of the outgrowth of numerous clonal foci.
Biology of IL‐38 and its role in disease (2017)

IL-38 belongs to the IL-36 cytokines, which in turn are part of the IL-1 family. The first biological function of IL-38 described was blocking the activation of the IL-36R signaling similar to IL-36Ra. Since IL-36 cytokines require processing in order to become fully active, it is likely that IL-38 also must be processed to become maximally active. However, the protease(s) responsible for this is currently not known. In addition of IL-38 binding IL-36R, it has been proposed it can also interact with the co-receptor TIGIRR2. IL-38 is expressed in several tissues including tonsils, placenta, heart and brain, and IL-38 has been implicated in a wide variety of diseases including cardiovascular and autoimmune disease. Here, we discuss the discovery and biological function of IL-38, and its role in the pathogenesis of a wide variety of diseases.
Bio‐printing of living organized tissues using an inkjet technology (2007)

Living tissues maintain an inherent multi‐cellular heterogeneous structure. Rebuilding of such complex structure requires subtle arrangements of different types of cells and extracellular matrices (ECM) at their specific anatomical target sites. The inkjet printing technology has been applied to address this endeavor. Although the capability of inkjet printing of viable single cells has been reported, simultaneous printing of multiple cell types to build viable heterogeneous cellular structures has not been demonstrated to date. This study is directed towards developing a novel and versatile method for creating complex tissue structures that use simultaneous ink‐jetting of multiple cell types and ECM. To demonstrate this concept, 3 different cell types, consisting of human amniotic fluid‐derived stem cells (hAFSC), smooth muscle cells (SMC), and bovine aortic endothelial cells (EC), were printed using a thermal inkjet printer to form a heterogeneous cell configuration. Each of the printed cell types maintained viability, proliferation, phenotypic expression, and normal physiological function within the complex structures in‐vitro. Bio‐printed cell constructs survived and matured into functional tissues with adequate vascularization in vivo. These findings demonstrate that fabrication of complex hybrid tissue structures requirin multiple cell types can be achieved using inkjet technology.
Intraindividual and Interindividual Variability of Olanzapine Trough Concentrations in Patients Treated With the Long-Acting Injectable Formulation (2018)

We have documented that, in a real-life setting, a large proportion of patients treated with olanzapine LAI had drug trough concentrations of less than 20 ng/mL; wide intraindividual and interindividual variability of olanzapine concentrations has been also observed. Our results could provide the rationale for the design of larger prospective, concentration-controlled clinical trials specifically designed with the goal to identify ad hoc therapeutic ranges of drug concentrations for olanzapine LAI.
Sodium and Potassium Ion Selective Conjugated Polymers for Optical Ion Detection in Solution and Solid State (2015)

This paper presents the development of alkali metal ion selective small molecules and conjugated polymers for optical ion sensing. A crown ether bithiophene unit is chosen as the detecting unit, as both a small molecule and incorporated into a conjugated aromatic structure. The complex formation and the resulting backbone twist of the detector unit is investigated by UV–vis and NMR spectroscopy where a remarkable selectivity toward sodium or potassium ions is found. X‐ray diffraction analysis of single crystals with and without alkali metal ions is carried out and a difference of the dihedral angle of more than 70° is observed. In a conjugated polymer structure, the detector unit has a higher sensitivity for alkali metal ion detection than its small molecule analog. Ion selectivity is retained in polymers with solubility in polar solvents facilitated by the attachment of polar ethylene glycol side chains. This design concept is further evolved to develop a sodium‐salt solid state sensor based on blends of the detecting polymer with a polyvinyl alcohol matrix where the detection of sodium ions is achieved in aqueous salt solutions with concentrations similar to biologically important environments.
Catalytic dry reforming of methane over ni-substituted hexaaluminates (2012)

CO2 re-use as an oxidant at point emission sources represents a potentially viable option to reducing CO2 footprint. CO2-CH4 reforming performance for a series of Ba0.75NiyAl12-yO19- (y = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0) catalysts are examined over the temperature range 200 to 900 °C. The catalysts exhibit unique CO2 adsorption characteristics that are directly related to surface bascity and the extent of Ni-substitution. The systematic study of the Ni substitution level on both structural and catalytic effects indicates that the segregation of Ba at the surface produces an effect on surface basicity and carbon deposition. The relationship between catalyst activity and structure is characterized by EXAFS, XRD, XPS and TPR1,2.
P3‐257: Investigation of established Alzheimer's disease–risk SNPs for association with Alzheimer's disease in an African‐American case control series (2012)

Recent Genome-Wide association studies (GWAS) of caucasian late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) patients and controls have identified nine novel LOAD susceptibility loci. The relevance of these loci in non-Caucasian populations is unclear. Studies report a higher incidence of Alzheimer's disease in the African American population when compared to Caucasian populations. Likewise reports suggest that the risk of the APOE e4 allele with AD is not as significant in the African American population as compared with Caucasian populations. Therefore LOAD genetic risk factors identified in Caucasian populations may not be as relevant to the African American population. Consequently it is critical that studies are conducted to elucidate genetic risk factors for this understudied population. Subjects were collected at the Mayo Clinic in Jacksonville. All patients were diagnosed by a Mayo Clinic neurologist. DNA was isolated from whole blood using an Autogen instrument. SNPs were genotyped using Applied Biosystems Taqman ® technology. Statistical analysis was carried out using StatsDirect software; SNPs were assessed for association with AD diagnosis using an allelic dosage model with Age at Diagnosis, Gender and number of APOE e 4 alleles included as covariates. We tested a total of 11 SNPs and the APOE e 4 allele for association with AD in our African American case control series (106 AD, 208 controls). None of the SNPs tested achieved nominally significant association with AD diagnosis. Analysis of APOE identified significant increased risk with increasing number of APOE e 4 alleles (OR=3.92, p<1e-04). The novel LOAD susceptibility loci identified in recent years through GWAS analysis of Caucasian LOAD patients and controls do not achieve nominally significant association in our African American case control series. This may be due to the small sample size of our case control series, resulting in the study being underpowered, or may reflect a true fundamental difference in the association of these SNP's with AD in the two populations. Analysis with cognitive quantitative phenotypes collected in these subjects will be carried out. To increase the power of these studies, recruitment/collection of biological samples of AD patients and controls in the African American population is of increasing importance.
Integrating forest restoration, adaptation, and proactive fire management: Rogue River Basin case study (2021)

Uncharacteristic disturbances exacerbated by climate change are challenging forests and social systems of North America. To improve efficiency and effectiveness of forest management to address these challenges, we demonstrated structured decision-making in the collaborative development of a novel 20-year dry forest management strategy for southwestern Oregon, USA. We framed priorities and evaluated options with a wildfire risk assessment, then modeled stand-scale prescriptions to estimate management outputs (e.g., area treated, fuels reduced, and timber volume). We mapped landscape-scale objectives and used optimization software to prioritize treatment placement constrained by realistic access considerations and robust habitat protections. The resulting prioritization integrated proactive forest adaptation and fire management (ecological forest thinning, prescribed fire) with protection of imperiled species. To evaluate tradeoffs, we tested three 20-year scenarios, finding that the All-Lands scenario best mitigated wildfire risk; it reduced risk overall by 70%, to homes by 50%, and to core northern spotted owl habitat by 47%. This scenario treated 25% of the 1.9 million ha landscape, including 31% of federal land and 40% of the community at risk. Clear articulation of collaborative objectives and evaluation of scenarios have expanded partnerships and co-investment in actions supporting a shared vision of resilient southwestern Oregon forests applicable to other landscapes.
Quantitative study on appearance of microvessels in spectral endoscopic imaging (2015)

Increase in abnormal microvessels in the superficial mucosa is often relevant to diagnostic findings of neoplasia in digestive endoscopy; hence, observation of superficial vasculature is crucial for cancer diagnosis. To enhance the appearance of such vessels, several spectral endoscopic imaging techniques have been developed, such as narrow-band imaging and blue laser imaging. Both techniques exploit narrow-band blue light for the enhancement. The emergence of such spectral imaging techniques has increased the importance of understanding the relation of the light wavelength to the appearance of superficial vasculature, and thus a new method is desired for quantitative analysis of vessel visibility in relation to the actual structure in the tissue. Here, we developed microvessel-simulating phantoms that allowed quantitative evaluation of the appearance of 15-μm-thick vessels. We investigated the relation between the vascular contrast and light wavelength by the phantom measurements and also verified it in experiments with swine, where the endoscopically observed vascular contrast was investigated together with its real vascular depth and diameter obtained by microscopic observation of fluorescence-labeled vessels. Our study indicates that changing the spectral property even in the wavelength range of blue light may allow selective enhancement of the vascular depth for clinical use.
Enteric Microsphere Formulations of Papain for Oral Delivery (2011)

Enteric microspheres formulations of papain were prepared by w/o/w emulsion solvent evaporation using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP), Eudragit L 100 and Eudragit S 100, to avoid gastric inactivation of papain. Smaller internal and external aqueous phase volume provided maximum encapsulation efficiency (74.49-79.76%), least particle size (52.4-60.2 µm) and 21-26% loss of enzyme activity. Release studies in 0.1 N HCl confirmed the gastro-resistance of formulations. The anionic microspheres, zeta potential between -18.21 and -20.06 mV, aggregated in 0.1 N HCl (i.e., gastric pH 1.2), due to protonation of carboxylic groups of enteric polymer and loss of surface charge with subsequent change in zeta potential. The aggregates being <500 µm size would not impede gastric emptying. However, at pH>5.0 (duodenal pH) the microspheres showed de-aggregation due to restoration of surface charge. HPMCP and Eudragit L 100 microspheres facilitated almost complete release of papain within an hour at pH 6.0 and 6.8, respectively while Eudragit S 100 microspheres released 84.56% papain at pH 7.4, following Higuchi kinetics. FTIR spectroscopy revealed entrapment of enzyme; PXRD & DSC indicated amorphous character and SEM showed spherical shape of microspheres. In simulated gastro-intestinal pH condition, HPMCP, Eudragit L 100 and Eudragit S 100 microspheres showed good digestion of paneer and milk protein. Thus, enteric microspheres formulations could serve as potential carrier for oral enzyme delivery. Stability studies indicated the formulations with around 5% overage would ensure 2 years shelf life at room temperature.
Carbon monoxide activation by organoactinides. A comparative synthetic, thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic investigation of migratory carbon monoxide insertion into actinide-carbon and actinide-hydrogen bonds to yield .eta.2-acyls and .eta.2-formyls (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon monoxide activation by organoactinides. A comparative synthetic, thermodynamic, kinetic, and mechanistic investigation of migratory carbon monoxide insertion into actinide-carbon and actinide-hydrogen bonds to yield .eta.2-acyls and .eta.2-formylsKenneth G. Moloy and Tobin J. MarksCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 23, 7051–7064Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00335a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00335a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views321Altmetric-Citations69LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Supplementary Figure 1 from microRNA-205 Regulates HER3 in Human Breast Cancer (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from microRNA-205 Regulates HER3 in Human Breast Cancer
A Survey on the Impact of Multipath on Wideband Time-of-Arrival Based Localization (2018)

Localization using the time-of-arrival (ToA) of a wideband signal has the potential to achieve high accuracy, thereby making it a promising choice for a variety of applications. However, a major challenge impacting localization accuracy is multipath propagation, i.e., the existence of indirect paths from a target to an anchor (transceiver) via one or more obstacles present in the environment. In this paper, we provide an overview of the techniques proposed in the literature to analyze and address the effects of multipath on localization accuracy. For this purpose, we first cast the localization of one or more targets as a maximum a priori estimation problem, where the distribution of the amplitudes and ToAs of the indirect paths serves as a prior. Under this framework, we show that multipath can either be a blessing or a curse depending on the extent of prior knowledge available about the multipath statistics. Specifically, in the absence of any indirect path information, only the direct paths that go straight from a target to an anchor contain useful position information; in other words, multipath negatively impacts localization performance. Thus, in this case, it is important to detect the anchors having line-of-sight to the target(s), and we review the techniques reported in the literature to solve this problem. On the other hand, if complete indirect path information is available (i.e., the propagation paths of all the multipath components are known), then each indirect path is equivalent to a direct path from a virtual anchor, and hence, the spatial diversity offered by multipath can be exploited for improving localization accuracy.