gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Probes for Narcotic Receptor-Mediated Phenomena. 25. Synthesis and Evaluation ofN-Alkyl-Substituted (α-Piperazinylbenzyl)benzamides as Novel, Highly Selective δ Opioid Receptor Agonists (1997)

A series of N-alkyl- and N,N-dialkyl-4-[alpha-[(2S,5R)-4-allyl-2,5-dimethyl-1-piperazinyl] benzyl]-benzamides were synthesized and evaluated for binding affinities at mu, delta, and kappa opioid receptor subtypes. Several compounds (2e,f,h,i,m) strongly bound to the delta receptor with IC50 values in the nanomolar range. On the other hand, the binding affinities of these compounds for the mu and kappa receptors were in the micromolar or greater range indicating excellent delta opioid receptor subtype selectivities. In this series, two important structure-activity relationships were found for the delta receptor binding affinity. First, the spatial orientation of the alpha-benzylic position influenced the affinities with the alpha R derivatives 2a-n generally showing more than 10-fold greater affinity than the alpha S derivatives 3a-n. Second, the binding affinities were strongly influenced by the number of alkyl substituents on the amide nitrogen. N-Monoalkylbenzamide derivatives 2b-d showed lower affinity than N,N-dialkylbenzamide derivatives 2e-n, and the N-unsubstituted benzamide derivative 2a had the lowest affinity for the delta receptor in the series. The dramatic effect of the amide group substitution pattern on the binding affinity for the delta receptor strongly suggests that the amide function is an important structural element in the interaction of this series of compounds at the delta receptor. Selective compounds in this series were examined for binding affinity in cloned human mu and delta receptors. The results obtained generally paralleled those from the rat brain binding assay. Compounds 2e,f with potent delta binding affinities and high delta selectivities were shown to be delta agonists with high selectivity by studies in the guinea pig ileum (GPI) and mouse vas deferens (MVD) preparations. Compound 2f was the most selective compound in the rat brain and GPI/MVD assays with 1755- and 958-fold delta vs mu selectivity, respectively.
Dispersion of Polymers in Metallic Gallium (2015)

This work examines the concept of dispersing polymers in metals. Herein, this was mainly studied with molten gallium, in which 5-18 wt % of various short-chain polymers were incorporated and mixed. The nature of the solidified products was examined by using X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, UV/Vis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermal gravimetric analyses. It was found that some polymers can be dispersed as small domains within molten metals to form a heterogeneous solid. The ability to dope Ga with large polymers opens a new avenue to electronic materials.
Trimming of aqueous chemically grown ZnO nanorods into ZnO nanotubes and their comparative optical properties (2009)

Highly oriented ZnO nanotubes were fabricated on a silicon substrate by aqueous chemical growth at low temperature (&amp;lt;100 °C) by trimming of ZnO nanorods. The yield of nanotubes in the sample was 100%. Photoluminescence spectroscopy of the nanotubes reveals an enhanced and broadened ultraviolet (UV) emission peak, compared with the initial nanorods. This effect is attributed to whispering gallery mode resonance. In addition, a redshift of the UV emission peak is also observed. Enhancement in the deep defect band emission in the nanotubes compared to nanorods was also manifested as a result of the increased surface area.
Learning minimal abstractions (2011)

Static analyses are generally parametrized by an abstraction which is chosen from a family of abstractions. We are interested in flexible families of abstractions with many parameters, as these families can allow one to increase precision in ways tailored to the client without sacrificing scalability. For example, we consider k-limited points-to analyses where each call site and allocation site in a program can have a different k value. We then ask a natural question in this paper: What is the minimal (coarsest) abstraction in a given family which is able to prove a set of queries? In addressing this question, we make the following two contributions: (i) We introduce two machine learning algorithms for efficiently finding a minimal abstraction; and (ii) for a static race detector backed by a k-limited points-to analysis, we show empirically that minimal abstractions are actually quite coarse: It suffices to provide context/object sensitivity to a very small fraction (0.4-2.3%) of the sites to yield equally precise results as providing context/object sensitivity uniformly to all sites.
Pelvic endometriosis with peritoneal fluid reduces pregnancy rates in women undergoing intrauterine insemination (2013)

Pelvic endometriosis and peritoneal fluid, detected through vaginal ultrasound, have negative effects on the pregnancy outcome of IUI treatment.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND 5‐LIPOXYGENASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF EICOSANOID COMPOUNDS (1983)

Abstract Dargestellt werden gemäß Formelschema die Carbonsäuren (III), (V), (VII) und (XI).
FGF receptor-4 (FGFR4) polymorphism acts as an activity switch of a membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase–FGFR4 complex (2010)

Tumor cells use membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) for invasion and metastasis. However, the signaling mechanisms that underlie MT1-MMP regulation in cancer have remained unclear. Using a systematic gain-of-function kinome screen for MT1-MMP activity, we have here identified kinases that significantly enhance MT1-MMP activity in tumor cells. In particular, we discovered an MT1-MMP/FGF receptor-4 (FGFR4) membrane complex that either stimulates or suppresses MT1-MMP and FGFR4 activities, depending on a tumor progression-associated polymorphism in FGFR4. The FGFR4-R388 allele, linked to poor cancer prognosis, increased collagen invasion by decreasing lysosomal MT1-MMP degradation. FGFR4-R388 induced MT1-MMP phosphorylation and endosomal stabilization, and surprisingly, the increased MT1-MMP in return enhanced FGFR4-R388 autophosphorylation. A phosphorylation-defective MT1-MMP was stabilized on the cell surface, where it induced simultaneous FGFR4-R388 internalization and dissociation of cell-cell junctions. In contrast, the alternative FGFR4-G388 variant down-regulated MT1-MMP, and the overexpression of MT1-MMP and particularly its phosphorylation-defective mutant vice versa induced FGFR4-G388 degradation. These results provide a mechanistic basis for FGFR4-R388 function in cancer invasion.
A new control scheme for high-frequency link inverter design (2003)

A high-frequency link inverter design with bi-directional power flow using cycloconverter techniques is proposed in this paper. A new control scheme is used to reduce the switching losses and overall size. Detailed operation modes are discussed and the harmonic components for the key waveforms are analyzed with theoretical calculation. The control scheme is verified by both the simulation and experimental results.
InAs Nanowire Transistors Using Solution-Grown Nanowires with Acceptor Doping (2006)

InAs nanowire field effect transistors have been fabricated using solution-synthesized wires, with average diameters of 20 nm. Wires using either Zn and Cd dopants, both acceptors and both incorporated at relatively high doping densities, have been studied. The Zn-doped wires showed n-channel transistor characteristics, and were unipolar with relatively large on/off ratios. The Cd-doped wires were ambipolar, with on/off ratios below 10 at room temperature. This study expand the possible applications of InAs nanowire devices in high speed electronic circuits in contrast to the existing reports of only n type conductivity behavior of InAs nanowire devices.
Three-dimensional (vector) rigorous coupled-wave analysis of anisotropic grating diffraction (1990)

The rigorous coupled-wave analysis of diffraction by grating(s) formed in general anisotropic media is reviewed and extended. The method is first applied to a single slanted phase and/or amplitude grating with general three-dimensional incidence of a plane wave. The regions external to the grating can be isotropic, uniaxial, or biaxial anisotropic. The cases of gratings in isotropic media and of the grating vector lying in the plane of incidence (scalar analysis) are obtained as limiting cases of this general analysis. Coupling between the two orthogonal polarizations vanishes in these limiting cases. The Bragg conditions for various combinations of ordinary (for isotropic and uniaxial) and extraordinary (for uniaxial) polarized waves are quantified. The analysis is then extended to multiple cascaded gratings and to volume-superposed gratings. Sample calculations are presented for single anisotropic gratings (a lithium niobate photorefractive hologram in air and an interdigitated-electrode-induced grating in an electro-optic crystal), for multiple cascaded gratings (a lithium niobate hologram with grating strength varying with thickness), and for superposed gratings (multiplexed hologram storage). Applications for this analysis include optical storage, switching, modulation, deflection, optical interconnects, beam splitting, beam combining, and data processing.
Is genetic fidelity maintained following the cryopreservation of the seeds of the endangered African pepper bark ( Warburgia salutaris )? (2003)

A study was conducted to optimize the seed cryopreservation protocol to improve post-thaw recovery, and to assess, using PCR-based random amplified polymorphic DNA, the effect of cryopreservation on the genetic fidelity of plants regenerated from cryopreserved seeds. Seeds from freshly collected green hard fruits were non-germinable, while seeds from other stages attained 100% germination, even after dehydration to ∼0.1 g/g. After cryopreservation, seeds from yellow-green and green hard fruits that were stored until they were soft attained higher germination percentages than seeds from brown fruits. No morphological differences were apparent in seedlings or saplings from freshly sown, dehydrated or cryopreserved seeds. DNA concentration from different seedlings was 20-1015 ng/µl. Of the ten primers tested, two (OPA 02 and OPA 18) resulted in no amplification. The remaining primers produced 104 fragments. Each primer produced a distinct pattern, but for each primer, most samples produced identical banding patterns. These bands, consistent even over a 100-fold range in DNA concentration, were scored. Among the bands, some polymorphisms were detectable within and between the three populations (treatments): seedlings from (1) freshly collected, non-dried seeds, (2) dehydrated seeds, and (3) seeds cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen. All populations exhibited varying nucleotide diversities. Significantly, the nucleotide divergence between the seedling populations (0.08-0.17%) was much lower than the nucleotide diversity within them. There was higher variation within each treatment than between the treatments. The phenogram of individuals from all three treatments showed 95-65% similarities among individuals, and a variation among individuals from all treatments. Neither dehydration nor cryopreservation had an effect on genetic fidelity of seeds.
HDM2-Binding Partners:  Interaction with Translation Elongation Factor EF1α (2007)

To understand the cellular functions of HDM2, we attempted to identify novel HDM2-interacting proteins by proteomic analysis. Along with previously identified interactions with the ribosomal proteins, our analysis reveals interactions of HDM2 with the ribosomal translation elongation factor EF1alpha, 40S ribosomal protein S20, tubulins, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and a proteolysis-inducing factor dermicidin in the absence of tumor suppressor p53. Because a CTCL tumor antigen HD-CL-08 has high degree of homology with EF1alpha, we confirmed interaction of HDM2 with EF1alpha by immunoprecipitation and Western blot analysis in transformed as well as near normal diploid cells. Endogenous HDM2- EF1alpha complex was detected in cancer cells overexpressing HDM2, suggesting a possible role of this interaction in HDM2-mediated oncogenesis. Consistent with their interaction, colocalization of HDM2 and EF1alpha can be detected in the cytoplasm of normal or transformed cells. Amino acid residues 1-58 and 221-325 of HDM2 were found to be essential for its interaction with EF1alpha, suggesting that the interaction is independent of its other ribosomal interacting proteins L5, L11, and L23. Overexpression of HDM2 did not affect translation. Because EF1alpha has been implicated in DNA replication and severing of microtubules, interaction of HDM2 with EF1alpha may signify a p53-independent cell growth regulatory role of HDM2.
Micellar solutions of ionic surfactants and their mixtures with nonionic surfactants: Theoretical modeling vs. Experiment (2014)

Here, we review two recent theoretical models in the field of ionic surfactant micelles and discuss the comparison of their predictions with experimental data. The first approach is based on the analysis of the stepwise thinning (stratification) of liquid films formed from micellar solutions. From the experimental step-wise dependence of the film thickness on time, it is possible to determine the micelle aggregation number and charge. The second approach is based on a complete system of equations (a generalized phase separation model), which describes the chemical and mechanical equilibrium of ionic micelles, including the effects of electrostatic and non-electrostatic interactions, and counterion binding. The parameters of this model can be determined by fitting a given set of experimental data, for example, the dependence of the critical micellization concentration on the salt concentration. The model is generalized to mixed solutions of ionic and nonionic surfactants. It quantitatively describes the dependencies of the critical micellization concentration on the composition of the surfactant mixture and on the electrolyte concentration, and predicts the concentrations of the monomers that are in equilibrium with the micelles, as well as the solution’s electrolytic conductivity; the micelle composition, aggregation number, ionization degree and surface electric potential. These predictions are in very good agreement with experimental data, including data from stratifying films. The model can find applications for the analysis and quantitative interpretation of the properties of various micellar solutions of ionic surfactants and mixed solutions of ionic and nonionic surfactants.
Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Two Novel Anionic Aluminophosphates:  A One-Dimensional Chain, UT-7 ([Al3P5O20H]5-[C7H13NH3+]5), and a Layer Containing Two Cyclic Amines, UT-8 ([Al3P4O16]3-[C4H7NH3+]2[C5H10NH2+]) (1996)

UT-7 and UT-8 (University of Toronto, structure numbers 7 and 8) are two novel aluminophosphate materials prepared under non-aqueous conditions. Their structures, extended in one and two dimensions, respectively, have been solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and characterized by a variety of methods including powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), insitu high-temperature PXRD, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). UT-7 ([Al(3)P(5)O(20)H](5)(-)[C(7)H(13)NH(3)(+)](5), triclinic space group P&onemacr;, Z = 2, a = 10.118(3) Å, b = 15.691(4) Å, c = 18.117(3) Å, alpha = 72.91(2) degrees, beta = 85.18(2) degrees, gamma = 79.49(2) degrees ) is built of polymeric one-dimensional chain units, hydrogen-bonded into anionic layers that are charge-compensated by interlamellar cycloheptylammonium cations. UT-7 is isostructural to our previously discovered UT-3 chain structure, isolated in the analogous cyclopentylamine system. UT-8 ([Al(3)P(4)O(16)](3-)[C(4)H(7)NH(3)(+)](2)[C(5)H(10)NH(2)(+)], monoclinic space group P2(1), Z = 2, a = 8.993(4) Å, b = 14.884(8) Å, c = 9.799(9) Å, beta = 103.52(3) degrees ) is a two-dimensional net isostructural to several previously reported [Al(3)P(4)O(16)](3)(-) layers. The interlayer region of UT-8 is occupied by two different cyclic organic amine species, namely piperidinium and cyclobutylammonium. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the crystal structure of an aluminophosphate material containing cyclobutylammonium or a mixture of cyclic amines. Interestingly, UT-7 is observed to thermally transform in the solid state to an as yet unknown layered material that can be independently synthesized in a similar synthetic system. In the same way as UT-3 transforms to the UT-4 layered phase, we believe UT-7 transforms to a layered material by means of a chain to layer transformation.
Biotransformation of Trichloroethylene Using Butane-Oxidizing Bacteria (1999)

Mixed butane-utilizing cultures were obtained through sequential batch enrichment under 6% (vol/vol) butane in air using one sediment and four different soil samples with varying histories of contamination as inocula. Subsamples of each environmental sample were subjected to one of three pretreatments prior to inoculation: saturation with 30% ethanol, a 15-min exposure to 60°C, or no treatment. Thirteen of the 14 mixed cultures that were obtained appeared to cometabolize trichloroethylene (TCE) while growing at the expense of butane. All 13 caused a loss of at least one-third of TCE from initial aqueous levels between 4 and 25 µg/ml during 6 days of growth on butane provided at initial aqueous concentrations between 90 and 160 µg/ml. Two cultures cometabolized essentially all the available TCE during this test. One culture, which was obtained from an ethanol-pretreated inoculum, vigorously consumed butane while leaving TCE levels essentially unchanged. However, two other mixed cultures originally derived from the same environmental sample as the ineffective culture were moderately active in TCE cometabolism. Thus, TCE-cometabolizing butane oxidizers appeared to be present in all five of the environmental samples used in these studies.
Using a Personal Computer to Teach Power System Transients (1989)

Because of the availability of low cost personal computers, students can use them as a computational tool in the study of power systems. This paper presents a technique for teaching power system transients using a personal computer. The technique allows the students to use their knowledge of network theory to develop a mathematical model for the power system. All components in the power system are represented by equivalent networks. For example, transmission lines are modeled by cascade connections of a finite number of pi-section segments. Each segment consists of a series resistance and inductance and a shunt conductance and capacitance. State equations are then formulated for the power system using the capacitor voltages and inductor currents as state variables. The result is a set of first-order, linear differential equations. Although the set is typically of high order, they are readily transformed to a set of linear difference equations by using trapezoidal integration. The resulting system of linear difference equations is quite manageable on the personal computer and the transient solution for system voltages and currents is readily obtained by linear algebra. Since this approach is based on network theory fundamentals, the modeling techniques can be taught to undergraduate students. The trapezoidal approach to the solution of the differential equations is intuitively appealing to undergraduates and may provide their first introduction to numerical integration. Therefore the student can develop the algebraic model and only needs a subroutine which solves a set of linear equations in order to obtain the transient solution.
Optogenetic in vivocell manipulation in KillerRed-expressing zebrafish transgenics (2010)

An intense illumination of tissues expressing mem-KR affects cell viability and function in living zebrafish embryos. Hence, the zebrafish transgenics expressing mem-KR in a tissue-specific manner are useful tools for studying the biological effects of ROS.
Effect of conditioner on bond strength of glass-ionomer adhesive to dentin/enamel with and without smear layer interposition. (2005)

The effect of a polyalkenoic acid conditioner pretreatment on the bond strength of a glass-ionomer adhesive to tooth substrates with or without smear layer was evaluated. Smear-layer covered and smear-layer free dentin and enamel surfaces were prepared from 24 extracted human molars. Resin composite was bonded to the surfaces using FujiBond LC with or without a polyalkenoic acid conditioner and subjected to microtensile bond strength (microTBS) testing. Failure modes were determined using scanning electron microscopy. For dentin, smear-layer coverage and conditioner treatment did not reveal significant differences in microTBS, which ranged from 20 to 29 MPa. For enamel, smear-layer coverage did not significantly affect microTBS, whereas, the use of conditioner significantly improved microTBS, reaching the same microTBS-values as when bonded to dentin. Regarding failure mode, most dentin specimens failed mixed adhesive cohesively. For enamel, adhesive failures mostly occurred when no conditioner was used, though mixed failures were predominant when the specimens were conditioned beforehand. Bonding of the glass ionomer adhesive to dentin can be achieved without the separate use of a polyalkenoic acid conditioner, even with the interposition of a smear layer. However, instrumented and non-instrumented enamel requires separate conditioning to provide sufficient micro-mechanical retention.
Familial Hyperinsulinemia Associated with Secretion of an Abnormal Insulin, and Coexistence of Insulin Resistance in the Propositus* (1986)

A 45-yr-old muscular nonobese white man who had a 9-yr history of syncopal episodes was studied on several occasions between April 1979 and August 1984. Fasting glucose concentrations ranged between 74-115 mg/dl, and those of insulin ranged between 14-64 microU/ml. Reactive hypoglycemia 3-4 h after ingestion of glucose occurred in the first 2 yr. Glucose tolerance was impaired in 1979, from February 1982 through September 1983, and again in August 1984. The maximum plasma insulin response to glucose ranged between 475-1630 microU/ml. When studied in November 1982, insulin (0.1 U/kg) caused a fall in blood glucose concentration of only 25% (normal, greater than 50%), and maximal glucose utilization during the euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp was 7.5 mg/kg . min (normal, greater than 12 mg/kg . min). Plasma counterregulatory hormone concentrations were normal, and antibodies to insulin and the insulin receptor were absent. Binding of exogenous insulin to the patient's cellular receptors (monocytes, red blood cells, and skin fibroblasts) was normal. Insulin was purified from plasma by immunoaffinity and molecular sieve chromatography and was found to elute later than human insulin on reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography. It was more hydrophobic than normal human insulin and had only 10% of the activity of normal insulin in terms of ability to bind to and stimulate glucose metabolism in isolated rat adipocytes. The abnormal insulin was identified in two of three sons and a sister, but not in the mother, brother, or niece. Sensitivity to insulin was normal in the two sons who had abnormal insulin. These results suggest that in this family the abnormal insulin was due to a biosynthetic defect, inherited as an autosomal dominant trait. The hyperinsulinemia was not associated with diabetes in family members who had no insulin resistance.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF ETHYL DIAZOACETATE WITH THIANAPHTHENE, INDOLES, AND BENZOFURAN (1978)

Abstract Benzothiophen (I) reagiert mit Diazoessigester (II) zu den isomeren Addukten (III), als Zwischenstufe wird das S‐Ylid (IV) angenommen.