gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Variation in the viscoelastic properties of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with the temperature at ultrasonic frequencies (2023)

Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is an organic silicone with a viscoelastic behavior suitable for use in engineering. This material presents substantial changes in its properties depending on the temperature and the flow rate: at high temperatures or high flow rates, it behaves as a viscous liquid; whereas, at low temperatures or low flow rates, it behaves as an elastic solid. The lack of accurate information about the modifications in PDMS under thermal changes affects the design of transducers (both sensors and actuators) based on this material and also their calibration. In this study, 10:1 base-agent mixing ratio was analyzed in a 20 °C to 50 °C temperature range to assess the ultrasonic P-wave properties (velocity, attenuation, and variation of both with the frequency) and hence complex elastic modulii of this material under a temperature dependent environment. P-wave velocity and attenuation were extracted for every temperature step in a 3–7 MHz frequency range which is the typical range for medical applications. Acoustic dispersion of PDMS properties such as velocity and attenuation in a pulse-echo set up were analyzed to also compute attenuation coefficient, temperature and frequency dependent models and complex modulus.
New diagnostic developments for intense ion beam measurements on PBFA II (1990)

A news diagnostic package has been developed for the Sandia National Laboratories' PBFA-II accelerator. The package --- which emphasizes off-axis Rutherford-scattering measurements --- includes the following: off- and on-axis multi-frame dE/dx ion pinhole cameras, an off-axis energy-resolved ion movie camera, an on-axis time-resolved ion movie camera, an off- or on-axis time-resolved Rutherford magnetic spectrograph which has a one-dimensional imaging capability, time-integrated and time-resolved K{alpha} x-ray pinhole cameras, a plasma visible spectroscopy diagnostic, an elliptical crystal spectrograph, and a high bandwidth transient data recording system based on fiber-optic and streak camera technology. Additionally, several other new diagnostic systems are currently under development. These consist of an ultra-fast x-ray framing camera based on sealed MCP imaging tubes, a time-resolved K{alpha} x-ray pinhole camera that has a film/scintillator image plane coupled to a 14 {times} 18 element array of 100-{mu}m-diameter fiber optics, a large-radius Rutherford beam diagnostic, a proposed flash radiography system, and a Doppler neutron time-of-flight diagnostic. 12 refs., 4 figs.
Electroplating performance enhancement by controlling resistivity of electrolyte with porous materials for advanced Cu metallization (2001)

An advanced electroplating process has been developed for 0.1 /spl mu/m nodes. The electroplating of Cu was performed by using a porous ceramic plate between an anode and a cathode (a seed Cu layer on the wafer). This configuration showed remarkable thickness uniformity of grown film even for the thin Cu seed layer of 20 nm. This thinner seed layer secured the hole opening during the filling, and resulted in improved hole filling capability. By using the 80 nm thick seed layer, /spl phi/0.15 /spl mu/m holes with A.R. 5 have been successfully filled. The electrical resistance increase of the plating solution brought about by inserting the porous ceramic provides a uniform electric field between two electrodes. Moreover, the ceramic plate behaves as a filter of the plating solution, and undesirable reactions at anode surface can be isolated from the wafer surface. These particular effects by using the porous ceramic plate resulted in a great improvement of the electroplating performance, such as film thickness uniformity within wafer, filling capability, and also the chemical process stability of plating.
Compressive extended depth of field using image space coding (2014)

We present a prototype imaging system that utilizes focal and temporal image space modulation to compress high-frequency, volumetric spatiotemporal information into low-framerate, planar images. 24-frame video sequences and extended depth of field reconstructions from single compressive measurements are reported.
Differential Phosphoprotein Mapping in Cancer Cells Using Protein Microarrays Produced from 2-D Liquid Fractionation (2005)

A combination of protein microarrays and two-dimensional liquid-phase separation of proteins has been used for global profiling of the phosphoproteome in human breast cancer cells. This method has been applied to study changes in phosphorylation profile resulting from treatment of the cancer cells with PD173074, a known receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The proteins separated by 2-D liquid-phase separation were arrayed on epoxy-coated glass slides and first screened for phosphorylation using fluorescent Pro-Q Diamond stain. The candidate proteins were then identified using MALDI/ESI MS/MS analysis. Further, validation was achieved by immunoblot analysis using anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. A dynamic range of approximately 100 was achieved on the microarray when beta-casein was used as a standard protein for obtaining quantitative data. Importantly, the power of this method lies in its ability to identify a large group of proteins in a single experiment that are coregulated in their posttranslational modifications, upon treatment with the inhibitor. Since proteins are known to form interacting circuits that eventually lead to various signaling events, detection of such global phosphorylation profiles might enable delineation of functional pathways that play an important role during cancer initiation and progression.
Lymphoid Enhancing Factor 1 (Lef-1) overexpression in epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancer and associations with clinical factors (2011)

Lef-1 mRNA levels were statistically elevated in cases of ovarian, fallopian tube or peritoneal cancer when compared to non-cancerous controls. Among cancer cases, levels of Lef-1 were statistically different between stage and histology. Lef-1 overexpression may be predictive of poor overall survival. These findings suggest that Lef-1 overexpression may contribute to ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal carcinogenesis, and that further investigation is warranted.
Spatial correction in dynamic photon emission by affine transformation matrix estimation (2014)

Photon emission microscopy and Time Resolved Imaging have proved their efficiency for defect localization on VLSI. A common process to find defect candidate locations is to draw a comparison between acquisitions on a normally working device and a faulty one. In order to be accurate and meaningful, this method requires that the acquisition scene remains the same between the two parts. In practice, it can be difficult to set. In this paper, a method to correct position by affine matrix transformation is suggested. It is based on image features detection, description and matching and affine transformation estimation.
Garnet-Type Solid-State Electrolytes: Materials, Interfaces, and Batteries (2020)

Solid-state batteries with desirable advantages, including high-energy density, wide temperature tolerance, and fewer safety-concerns, have been considered as a promising energy storage technology to replace organic liquid electrolyte-dominated Li-ion batteries. Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) as the most critical component in solid-state batteries largely lead the future battery development. Among different types of solid-state electrolytes, garnet-type Li<sub>7</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LLZO) solid-state electrolytes have particularly high ionic conductivity (10<sup>-3</sup> to 10<sup>-4</sup> S/cm) and good chemical stability against Li metal, offering a great opportunity for solid-state Li-metal batteries. Since the discovery of garnet-type LLZO in 2007, there has been an increasing interest in the development of garnet-type solid-state electrolytes and all solid-state batteries. Garnet-type electrolyte has been considered one of the most promising and important solid-state electrolytes for batteries with potential benefits in energy density, electrochemical stability, high temperature stability, and safety. In this Review, we will survey recent development of garnet-type LLZO electrolytes with discussions of experimental studies and theoretical results in parallel, LLZO electrolyte synthesis strategies and modifications, stability of garnet solid electrolytes/electrodes, emerging nanostructure designs, degradation mechanisms and mitigations, and battery architectures and integrations. We will also provide a target-oriented research overview of garnet-type LLZO electrolyte and its application in various types of solid-state battery concepts (e.g., Li-ion, Li-S, and Li-air), and we will show opportunities and perspectives as guides for future development of solid electrolytes and solid-state batteries.
Novel Peptide-Based PD1 Immunomodulators Demonstrate Efficacy in Infectious Disease Vaccines and Therapeutics (2020)

Many pathogens use the same immune evasion mechanisms as cancer cells. Patients with chronic infections have elevated levels of checkpoint receptors (e.g., programed cell death 1, PD1) on T cells. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based inhibitors to checkpoint receptors have also been shown to enhance T-cell responses in models of chronic infection. Therefore, inhibitors have the potential to act as a vaccine "adjuvant" by facilitating the expansion of vaccine antigen-specific T-cell repertoires. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a peptide-based class of PD1 checkpoint inhibitors, which have a potent adaptive immunity adjuvant capability for vaccines against infectious diseases. Briefly, after identifying peptides that bind to the recombinant human PD1, we screened for <i>in vitro</i> efficacy in reporter assays and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) readouts. We first found the baseline <i>in vivo</i> performance of the peptides in a standard mouse oncology model that demonstrated equivalent efficacy compared to mAbs against the PD1 checkpoint. Subsequently, two strategies were used to demonstrate the utility of our peptides in infectious disease indications: (1) as a therapeutic in a bacteria-induced lethal sepsis model in which our peptides were found to increase survival with enhanced bacterial clearance and increased macrophage function; and (2) as an adjuvant in combination with a prophylactic malaria vaccine in which our peptides increased T-cell immunogenicity and the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Therefore, our peptides are promising as both a therapeutic agent and a vaccine adjuvant for infectious disease with a potentially safer and more cost-effective target product profile compared to mAbs. These findings are essential for deploying a new immunomodulatory regimen in infectious disease primary and clinical care settings.
Adenosine A2A receptor activation reduces hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury by inhibiting CD1d-dependent NKT cell activation (2006)

Ischemia reperfusion injury results from tissue damage during ischemia and ongoing inflammation and injury during reperfusion. Liver reperfusion injury is reduced by lymphocyte depletion or activation of adenosine A2A receptors (A2ARs) with the selective agonist 4-{3-[6-amino-9-(5-ethylcarbamoyl-3,4-dihydroxy-tetrahydro-furan-2-yl)-9H-purin-2-yl]- prop-2-ynyl}-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid methyl ester (ATL146e). We show that NKT cells are stimulated to produce interferon (IFN)-gamma by 2 h after the initiation of reperfusion, and the use of antibodies to deplete NK1.1-positive cells (NK and NKT) or to block CD1d-mediated glycolipid presentation to NKT cells replicates, but is not additive to, the protection afforded by ATL146e, as assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase elevation, histological necrosis, neutrophil accumulation, and serum IFN-gamma elevation. Reduced reperfusion injury observed in RAG-1 knockout (KO) mice is restored to the wild-type (WT) level by adoptive transfer of NKT cells purified from WT or A2AR KO mice but not IFN-gamma KO mice. Additionally, animals with transferred A2AR-/- NKT cells are not protected from hepatic reperfusion injury by ATL146e. In vitro, ATL146e potently inhibits both anti-CD3 and alpha-galactosylceramide-triggered production of IFN-gamma by NKT cells. These findings suggest that hepatic reperfusion injury is initiated by the CD1d-dependent activation of NKT cells, and the activation of these cells is inhibited by A2AR activation.
Robust Steering and Differential Braking Control for Automated Guidance of Tractor-Semitrailer Combination Vehicles (2000)

Abstract In this paper, a robust linear steering and differential braking controller is designed for the automated guidance of tractor-semitrailer combination vehicles using the H∞ loop-shaping methodology. Only the articulation angle, the lateral errors at the front and rear axle of the tractor, and the angular velocities of the rear wheels of the trailer or the brake line pressure signals, are assumed to be available for the synthesis of control inputs. The controller is designed to ensure the robustness to model uncertainties due to variations in vehicle longitudinal speed, road adhesion coefficient and trailer cargo load. Closed-loop simulation results show the robustness of the proposed controller and the resulting smaller lateral error at the trailer end when compared to the controller using the steering input only. More damped transient responses of articulation angle when using the steering and braking control also improve the yaw stability of the trailer.
Technology/Circuit/System Co-Optimization and Benchmarking for Multilayer Graphene Interconnects at Sub-10-nm Technology Node (2015)

Based on realistic circuit- and system-level simulations, graphene interconnects are analyzed in terms of multiple material properties, such as the mean free path (MFP), the contact resistance, and the edge roughness. The benchmarking results indicate that the advantage of using graphene interconnects occurs only under certain circumstances. The device-level parameters, including the supply and threshold voltages, and the circuit-level parameters, including the wire length and width, have large impacts on both the delay and energy-delay product (EDP). At the circuit level, one representative circuit, a 32-bit adder, is investigated, where up to 40% and 70% improvements in delay and EDP are observed. At the system-level analysis, an ARM Cortex-M0 processor is synthesized, and placement and routing are performed. After replacing copper interconnects with multilayer graphene interconnects, up to 15% and 22% performance improvements in clock frequency and EDP have been observed. It is also demonstrated that the benefits of using graphene for the ARM core processor are strongly dependent on the quality of the graphene, such as the MFP and the edge roughness.
In-Situ Observation of Reaction Intermediate in the Selective Catalytic Reduction of N2O with CH4 over Fe Ion-Exchanged BEA Zeolite Catalyst for the Elucidation of Its Reaction Mechanism Using FTIR (2004)

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of N2O with CH4 in the absence and presence of excess O2 has been studied over ion-exchanged Fe−BEA catalyst by the combination of an activity test with in-situ infrared spectroscopy to understand the nature of the surface species involved in the SCR of N2O with CH4. From the results of flow reaction studies, the Fe−BEA catalyst exhibited high activity in the SCR of N2O with CH4, even in the presence of excess oxygen, which demonstrates that the active Fe species for the SCR are formed on the ion-exchanged Fe−BEA catalyst. In the FTIR spectra of fresh catalysts, the OH band on Fe ion species (Fe−OH) was observed on the Fe−BEA catalyst, and the Fe−OH species can be involved in the SCR of N2O with CH4. Furthermore, the reaction intermediates of methoxy and formate species over the Fe−BEA catalyst were observed during the reaction. We measured the oxidation rates of these surface species with N2O and O2, and found that the methoxy species were oxidized with N2O more rapidly than O2, while the formate species were oxidized with both N2O and O2 at almost the same rate. On the basis of these results, we discuss the reaction mechanism of the SCR of N2O with CH4.
Label‐Free Glucose Sensing Using Chip‐Scale Mid‐Infrared Integrated Photonics (2016)

A chip-scale and label-free glucose sensor is developed by utilizing mid-IR silicon nitride waveguides. For a dry glucose covered waveguide, strong intensity attenuation is found at λ > 2.73 μm due to the OH stretches absorption. Using this characteristic spectrum, a glucose detection limit less than 0.5 ng is experimentally demonstrated.
Very Low Birth Weight Infants as a Model to Study Genetic Influences on Neonatal Weight Gain (2008)

In a cohort of 829 preterm infants (birth weight below 1500 g) we identified 13 monozygotic, 10 same-sex dizygotic, and 12 same-sex matched singleton pairs. The difference in daily weight gain within pairs was significantly lower in monozygotic twins compared with dizygotic twins or matched singleton pairs. Our data support a strong genetic influence on postnatal growth in preterm infants. Therefore, weight gain of preterm infants may be an interesting model to study polymorphic variants of genes regulating neonatal resorption, metabolism, or energy expenditure, and their influence on weight gain in preterm infants.
SIM.QM-S10: supplementary comparison for trace elements in skim milk powder (2021)

Main text SIM.QM-S10 was performed to assess the analytical capabilities of National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) and Designated Institutes (DIs) of SIM members (or other regions) for the accurate determination of trace metals in skim milk powder. The study was proposed by the coordinating laboratories National Research Council Canada (NRC) and INTI Argentina as an activity of Sistema Interamericano de Metrología (SIM) approved by the Inorganic Analysis Working Group (IAWG) of Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance - Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (CCQM). Participants included NMIs/DIs from twelve countries. No measurement method was prescribed by the coordinating laboratories. Therefore, NMIs used measurement methods of their choice. However, the majority of NMIs/DIs used closed vessel microwave system using a mixture of HNO 3 and H 2 O 2 for the digestion and ICP-MS and ICP-OES for the determination of the measurands. One laboratory used INAA technique. This SIM.QM-S10 Supplementary Comparison provides NMIs/DIs with the needed evidence for CMC claims for trace elements in skim milk powder and similar matrices. To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report . Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/ . The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Confirmation of the structure of a new diterpene trachyloban-19-ol, by tris(dipivaloylomethanato)europium-shifted nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1971)

O. Achmatowicz, A. Ejchart, J. Jurczak, L. Kozerski and J. St. Pyrek, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1971, 98 DOI: 10.1039/C29710000098
Engineering multi-tissue units for regenerative Medicine: Bone-tendon-muscle units of the rotator cuff (2021)

Our body systems are comprised of numerous multi-tissue units. For the musculoskeletal system, one of the predominant functional units is comprised of bone, tendon/ligament, and muscle tissues working in tandem to facilitate locomotion. To successfully treat musculoskeletal injuries and diseases, critical consideration and thoughtful integration of clinical, biological, and engineering aspects are necessary to achieve translational bench-to-bedside research. In particular, identifying ideal biomaterial design specifications, understanding prior and recent tissue engineering advances, and judicious application of biomaterial and fabrication technologies will be crucial for addressing current clinical challenges in engineering multi-tissue units. Using rotator cuff tears as an example, insights relevant for engineering a bone-tendon-muscle multi-tissue unit are presented. This review highlights the tissue engineering strategies for musculoskeletal repair and regeneration with implications for other bone-tendon-muscle units, their derivatives, and analogous non-musculoskeletal tissue structures.
Automatic Capacity Tuning of Very Large VC-Dimension Classifiers (1992)

Large VC-dimension classifiers can learn difficult tasks, but are usually impractical because they generalize well only if they are trained with huge quantities of data. In this paper we show that even very high-order polynomial classifiers can be trained with a small amount of training data and yet generalize better than classifiers with a smaller VC-dimension. This is achieved with a maximum margin algorithm (the Generalized Portrait).
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of Complex Marine Natural Products (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reverse Transfer Learning: Can Word Embeddings Trained for Different NLP Tasks Improve Neural Language Models? (2019)

Natural language processing (NLP) tasks tend to suffer from a paucity of suitably annotated training data, hence the recent success of transfer learning across a wide variety of them. The typical recipe involves: (i) training a deep, possibly bidirectional, neural network with an objective related to language modeling, for which training data is plentiful; and (ii) using the trained network to derive contextual representations that are far richer than standard linear word embeddings such as word2vec, and thus result in important gains. In this work, we wonder whether the opposite perspective is also true: can contextual representations trained for different NLP tasks improve language modeling itself? Since language models (LMs) are predominantly locally optimized, other NLP tasks may help them make better predictions based on the entire semantic fabric of a document. We test the performance of several types of pre-trained embeddings in neural LMs, and we investigate whether it is possible to make the LM more aware of global semantic information through embeddings pre-trained with a domain classification model. Initial experiments suggest that as long as the proper objective criterion is used during training, pre-trained embeddings are likely to be beneficial for neural language modeling.
Plasma: Shared Memory Dynamic Allocation and Bank-Conflict-Free Access in GPUs (2012)

In this paper we present a library for shared-memory dynamic allocation and bank-conflict free accesses for NVIDIA GPUs. The system allows an order of magnitude faster pointer chasing operations for small and medium sized arrays.
Hydrodynamics of superfluid helium below 0.6 °K. III. Propagation of temperature waves (1974)

The Propagation of second-sound waves in superfluid helium is considered for temperatures below 0.6 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. A dispersion relation for the waves is obtained. This relation is valid for frequencies much less than the small-angle phonon-phonon collision rate. In the low-frequency limit the usual second-sound mode with velocity $\frac{{c}_{0}}{\sqrt{3}}$ is found ${c}_{0}$ is the phonon velocity). At higher frequencies the velocity of this mode increases towards ${c}_{0}$ and other modes of lower velocity appear. The nature of these waves is discussed. Finally, several experiments that might give information about the waves are considered.