gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Abstract P5-01-05: Transcriptional signature of metastatic triple negative breast cancer in humanized mice (2022)

Abstract Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a particularly aggressive form of breast cancer with high risk of recurrence and approximately 22% rate of five-year survival when the disease becomes metastatic. Thus, understanding of mechanisms supporting metastatic colonization of distant organs is of critical importance for the development of new therapies and possibly improved outcomes. Syngeneic mouse models suggest the role of innate immune cells, particularly neutrophils, in support of metastatic dissemination of TNBC. However, it is not possible to study human cancer in immunocompetent mice. Furthermore, organoids or other 3D tissue models do not allow investigations of distant organs colonization with metastatic TNBC tumors. Here, we used humanized mice and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) from treatment naïve primary TNBC tumors to investigate the mechanisms that promote metastasis. NSG mice with transgenic expression of human hematopoietic cytokines SCF/GM-CSF/IL-3 were engrafted with human CD34+ hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) to generate humanized (h)NSG-SGM3 mice. All PDX tumors grew after orthotopic implantation at week 8-12. The presence of distant metastasis was determined by macroscopic evaluation of distant organs and further confirmed by E-cadherin and cytokeratin 19 expression using polychromatic immunofluorescence on frozen tissue section. Among ten PDX tumors tested, four did not develop metastasis, four developed only lung metastasis and two developed multi-organ metastases (lung and liver). We find that different TNBC PDX tumors have different metastatic potential. Their metastatic potential is linked with differences in cellular composition and transcriptional signatures at the level of the primary tumor. Interferon Response signature is enriched in primary TNBC PDXs with metastatic potential, while non-metastatic primary tumors display a TNF signature as well as allograft rejection signature. Furthermore, liver metastases were enriched in myeloid transcripts. Thus, our model enables mechanistic and pre-clinical studies of human TNBC metastasis. Citation Format: Chun I Yu, Te-Chia Wu, Francesca Menghi, Joshy George, Kyung In Kim, Florentina Marches, Edison T Liu, Jacques Banchereau, Karolina Palucka. Transcriptional signature of metastatic triple negative breast cancer in humanized mice [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2021 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2021 Dec 7-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-01-05.
Protein Oligomerization: How and Why (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Linear to bent geometry changes in the gas- and solution-phase photochemistry of tricarbonylnitrosylcobalt (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLinear to bent geometry changes in the gas- and solution-phase photochemistry of tricarbonylnitrosylcobaltWayne Evans and Jeffrey I. ZinkCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 10, 2635–2640Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00400a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00400a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<title>Anticounterfeiting features of artistic screening</title> (1996)

In a recent publication (Ostromoukhov95), a new image reproduction technique, artistic screening, was presented. It incorporates freely created artistic screen elements for generating halftones. Fixed predefined dot contours associated with given intensity levels determine the screen dot shape's growing behavior. Screen dot contours associated with each intensity level are obtained by interpolation between the fixed predefined dot contours. A user-defined mapping transforms screen elements from screen element definition space to screen element rendition space. This mapping can be tuned to produce various effects such as dilatations, contractions and non-linear deformations of the screen element grid. Although artistic screening has been designed mainly for performing the creation of graphic designs of high artistic quality, it also incorporates several important anti-counterfeiting features. For example, bank notes or other valuable printed matters produced with artistic screening may incorporate both full size and microscopic letters of varying shape into the image halftoning process. Furthermore, artistic screening can be used for generating screen dots at varying frequencies and orientations, which are well known for inducing strong moire effects when scanned by a digital color copier or a desktop scanner. However, it is less known that frequency-modulated screen dots have at each screen element size a different reproduction behavior (dot gain). When trying to reproduce an original by analog means, such as a photocopier, the variations in dot gain induce strong intensity variations at the same original intensity levels. In this paper, we present a method for compensating such variations for the target printer, on which the original security document is to be printed. Potential counterfeiters who would like to reproduce the original with a photocopying device may only be able to adjust the dot gain for the whole image and will therefore be unable to eliminate the undesired intensity variations produced by variable frequency screen elements.
Effect of growth conditions on the properties and morphology of chemically derived epitaxial thin films of Ba2YCu3O7−x on (001) LaAlO3 (1992)

Epitaxial thin films of Ba2YCu3O7−x (BYC) were prepared on (001) LaAlO3 single-crystal substrates by metalorganic deposition of metal trifluoroacetate precursors. This is an ex situ process that requires high-temperature annealing in a humid atmosphere to produce stoichiometric BYC thin films. The chemically derived superconducting films were found to have high critical temperatures and high current densities when crystallized under low-oxygen partial pressures. Superconducting films of 70 nm thickness with zero-field critical current densities greater than 5×106 A/cm2 at 77 K and zero resistance at 92 K were prepared by annealing at 780 and 830 °C in 2.5 × 10−4–1 × 10−3 atm oxygen furnace atmospheres. As the film thickness was increased, the superconducting properties and surface smoothness of the films tended to degrade. This behavior was consistent with a microstructural model in which the films are composed of a dense slab of c-axis normal BYC near the film/substrate interface with the overlying material dominated by grains with c-axis in-plane crystallographic orientation. The transport Jc fell to 2–3×106 A/cm2 for films of 200–250-nm thickness annealed at 780 °C in 1 × 10−3 atm oxygen. As the P(O2) was raised to 0.032 atm at 780 °C, for films of the same thickness, the Jc at 77 K decreased to 0.7 × 106–1 × 106 A/cm2 and the Tc(R = 0) dropped to 89 K. Increasing the furnace P(O2) was also found to degrade the crystalline quality of the films, as characterized by ion channeling Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy.
Development of Fibrous SF/PCL Tympanic Membrane Scaffolds via Electrospinning: Modeling and Experimental Verification (2021)

Abstract The ideal tympanic membrane (TM) replacement should meet the requirement of low resistance for dynamic pressures up to about 1 Pa but high resistance for large static pressures up to about 5 kPa. Although electrospun membranes have a great potential to be used as a TM replacement, it is necessary to adjust its microstructure in order to mimic the acousto‐mechanical properties of human TM. Hence, in this work, homogenization modeling and FEM simulation of the middle ear were used to combine the microstructure of electrospun membranes to its macroscale function as TM scaffolds. The simulation results were finally verified with experimental data.
Optical spectroscopy and decoherence studies ofYb3+:YAG at 968 nm (2016)

The $^{2}F_{7/2}\ensuremath{\leftrightarrow}^{2}F_{5/2}$ optical transitions of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}$ doped into ${\mathrm{Y}}_{3}\mathrm{A}{\mathrm{l}}_{5}{\mathrm{O}}_{12}$ (YAG) were studied for potential quantum information and photonic signal processing applications. Absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy located the energy levels of the ground $^{2}F_{7/2}$ and excited $^{2}F_{5/2}$ manifolds, allowing inconsistencies between previous assignments of crystal field splittings in the literature to be resolved. These measurements reveal an unusually large splitting between the first and second levels in both the ground and excited multiplets, potentially providing for reduced sensitivity to thermally induced decoherence and spin-lattice relaxation. Spectral hole burning through two-level saturation was observed, determining the excited state lifetime to be 860 \ensuremath{\mu}s and resolving ambiguities in previous fluorescence measurements that were caused by the large radiation trapping effects in this material. Optical decoherence measurements using two-pulse photon echoes gave a homogeneous linewidth of 18 kHz for an applied magnetic field of 1 T, narrowing to 5 kHz at 2.5 T. The observed decoherence was described by spectral diffusion attributed to $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}$ magnetic dipole interactions. Laser absorption determined an inhomogeneous linewidth of 3.6 GHz for this transition in this 0.05%-doped crystal, which is narrower than for any other rare-earth-ion transition previously studied in the YAG host. The temperature dependence of the transition energy and linewidth of the lowest $^{2}F_{7/2}$ to lowest $^{2}F_{5/2}$ transition centered at 968.571 nm measured from 4 K to 300 K was well described by phonon scattering at higher temperatures, with an additional anomalous linear temperature-dependent broadening at temperatures below 80 K. Two magnetically inequivalent subgroups of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}$ ions were identified when a magnetic field was applied along the $\ensuremath{\langle}111\ensuremath{\rangle}$ axis, as expected for the ${D}_{2}$ sites in the cubic symmetry crystal, with ground and excited state effective $g$-values of ${g}_{\mathrm{g}}=3.40$ (3.34) and ${g}_{\mathrm{e}}=1.04$ (2.01), respectively. Together with the convenient diode laser wavelength of this transition, our study suggests that $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{b}}^{3+}$:YAG is a promising material system for spectral hole burning and quantum information applications.
Disease specific alterations of the bile-duct derived biliary proteome in primary sclerosing cholangitis (2013)

Background and aims: Bile proteomic analysis in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) revealed already disease activity and malignancy specific alterations. We aimed to establish a reference bile-duct derived bile proteome of PSC in absence of infectious or malignant conditions to provide insight into underlying biliary pathophysiology.
Cover Feature: Molecularly Functionalized Electrodes for Efficient Electrochemical Water Remediation (ChemSusChem 16/2021) (2021)

The Cover Feature shows the hybrid assembly of metal-oxide substrates and surface-bound molecular complex, which leverages the synergistic interfacial effects to achieve tunable electronic structures and electrochemical properties. This offers opportunities for optimized electrochemical water remediation. More information can be found in the Full Paper by X. He et al.
Tuning the optical properties of carbon nanotube solutions using amphiphilic self-assembly (2003)

Recently it has been shown that aqueous solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) encapsulated and polymer wrapped single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) fluoresce in the near infrared (NIR) in the regime of the E<sub>11</sub> van Hove transitions for semiconducting SWNTs. For bundled SWNTs, fluorescence is observed to be quenched along with a shift and broadening of the absorbance spectrum. Here, we study two other commercially available surfactants, BRIJ-97 and Triton-X-100, by analysis of carbon nanotube fluorescence and absorptivity in the NIR. It is found that changing the surfactant alters the corresponding optical properties of the solubilized carbon nanotubes. The NIR absorbance spectra of BRIJ-97 and Triton-X-100 carbon nanotube solutions are also compared with the absorbance spectrum of NaCl destabilized SDS-SWNT solutions. By controlling the amount of NaCl added to an aqueous solution of SDS-SWNTs, the optical absorbance spectrum can be made to match that of BRIJ-97 and Triton-X-100 solutions. Lastly, a correlation is drawn between the amount of shift in the absorbance spectrum and the fluorescence intensity, independent of surfactant used. This shift and decrease in fluorescence intensity may be due to carbon nanotube bundling.
Ultraviolet Light (2000)

Scope of Deliverables: This section covers information, where available, on microbial kinetics and relevant safety considerations when ultraviolet (UV) radiation is used for the purposes of food preservation. The section pays particular attention to the growing interest in using UV light to treat fruit juices, especially apple juice and cider. It does not include pulsed UV, which is being actively Investigated by Dr. Lagunas‐Solar and co‐workers at the University of Calif., Davis, nor does it address combinations of other alternative processing technologies with UV processing.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Di‐ and Tri‐O‐methyl Dynemicin A Methyl Esters. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Simple directly modulated laser diode frequency characterization using calibrated PD by two-tone light MZM method (2014)

This paper demonstrates frequency response characterization of a directly modulated laser diode (bandwidth 2.5GHz) using a calibrated photodetector (bandwidth 15 GHz). This work complements our previous work in obtaining frequency response of both E/O and O/E components where only simple equipment setup is required. We discuss the issues affecting the accuracy. The results are compared with those measured by a lightwave component analyzer.
Engineering of Monovalent, Multivalent and Bispecific Antibodies for New Therapeutic Applications (2010)

Engineered bispecific and tetravalent IgG‐like antibodies that engage multiple target epitopes represent promising new classes of therapeutic agents. To address their intrinsic low stability and high aggregation propensity, we applied rational design to increase the thermostability of single chain Fv fragments without compromising their affinity towards antigen. Incorporation of these stabilized modules into full‐length therapeutic bispecific and tetravalent molecules led to molecules with markedly improved properties. We additionally describe the development and characterization of new monovalent and heteromeric antibody platforms that allow us to interrogate the classes of targets, such as receptor tyrosine kinases and cytokines, which may be difficult to inhibit by bivalent antibodies.
A hybrid uncertainty programming for long-term planning of municipal solid waste in Beijing City. (2009)

An interval-parameter chance-constraint mixed integer linear programming modeling was proposed based on system analysis of municipal solid waste management system of Beijing. The treatment facility expansions, waste flows and system costs resulting from confidence levels of constraints were analyzed. The optimal solution indicated that increased violation level may lead to high utilization rate, but may cause high system cost. Take current waste management situation and goal of the Eleventh 5-year Planning of Beijing into account, 3 different policy scenarios were predefined: scenario 1 was based on current waste management situation; scenario 2 was assumed to reach higher diversion rates to composting and incinerating facilities; scenario 3 was pre-regulated according to the Eleventh 5-year Planning of Beijing. The optimization results demonstrated that scenario 2 and scenario 3 could prolong landfills’ lifespan for 5 and 10 years, respectively, while it might lead to high system cost.
Precessional magnetization reversal in microscopic spin valve cells (2002)

We demonstrate stable and reversible precessional switching of the magnetization in microscopic spin valve cells. Magnetization reversal is achieved by applying sub-ns-hard axis magnetic field pulses under compensation of the easy axis offset field. Multiple application of a given hard axis field pulse leads to a stable and reversible switching back and forth of the cell's magnetization. Applications of this precessional switching process in ultra fast low power magnetic random access memories can be foreseen.
Development of Criteria for Lamina Emergent Mechanism Flexures With Specific Application to Metals (2011)

This paper develops new design criteria for lamina emergent mechanism (LEM) flexures with particular application to sheet-metal-formed metal flexures. The LEM flexure design criteria are based on the relative performance between the LEM flexure and a section of lamina that is of the same overall length, width, and thickness as the LEM flexure. Novel metal revolute and torsional LEM flexures are presented and evaluated against the LEM flexure design criteria. Both flexures meet the proposed criteria, and their performance is evaluated in the design of a basic crank-slider mechanism. When compared with unformed flexures of the same dimensions, the revolute and torsional metal LEM flexures are found to improve the crank-slider performance.
Multi-modal Tree-Based SVM Classification (2013)

This paper presents a method for designing binary trees for SVM classification. The proposed algorithm, multi-modal binary tree (MBT) tolerates misclassification in the upper nodes of the tree, allowing points to be classified in either output regardless of the initial specified class groupings. MBT can separate classes that are inseparable with a single classifier by using a piecewise division. The algorithm also incorporates feature selection for the individual classifiers in the system. Classification results on several artificial and real data sets show that the proposed algorithm performs well compared to existing methods for multi-class SVM classification, and although the classifiers are larger, the time required to classify a point is smaller.
A framework for cross-layer design of energy-efficient communication with QoS provisioning in multi-hop wireless networks (2005)

Efficient use of energy while providing an adequate level of connection to individual sessions is of paramount importance in multi-hop wireless networks. Energy efficiency and connection quality depend on mechanisms that span several communication layers due to the existing co-channel interference among competing flows that must reuse the limited radio spectrum. Although independent consideration of these layers simplifies the system design, it is often insufficient for wireless networks when the overall system performance is examined carefully. The multi-hop wireless extensions and the need for routing users' sessions from source to the destination only intensify this point of view. In this work, we present a framework for cross-layer design towards energy-efficient communication. Our approach is characterized by a synergy between the physical and the medium access control (MAC) layers with a view towards inclusion of higher layers as well. More specifically, we address the joint problem of power control and scheduling with the objective of minimizing the total transmit power subject to the end-to-end quality of service (QoS) guarantees for sessions in terms of their bandwidth and bit error rate guarantees. Bearing to the NP-hardness of this combinatorial optimization problem, we propose our heuristic solutions that follow greedy approaches.
Overcoming Post-Silicon Validation Challenges through Quick Error Detection (QED) (2013)

Existing post-silicon validation techniques are generally ad hoc, and their cost and complexity are rising faster than design cost. Hence, systematic approaches to post-silicon validation are essential. Our research indicates that many of the bottlenecks of existing post-silicon validation approaches are direct consequences of very long error detection latencies. Error detection latency is the time elapsed between the activation of a bug during post-silicon validation and its detection or manifestation as a system failure. In our earlier papers, we created the Quick Error Detection (QED) technique to overcome this significant challenge. QED systematically creates a wide variety of post-silicon validation tests to detect bugs in processor cores and uncore components of multi-core System-on-Chips (SoCs) very quickly, i.e., with very short error detection latencies. In this paper, we present an overview of QED and summarize key results: 1. Error detection latencies of “typical” post-silicon validation tests can range up to billions of clock cycles. 2. QED shortens error detection latencies by up to 6 orders of magnitude. 3. QED enables 2- to 4-fold improvement in bug coverage. QED does not require any hardware modification. Hence, it is readily applicable to existing designs.
Chemical synthesis and characterisation of rat chaperonin 10: effect of chain length, ions, heat and N-terminal acetylation on unchaperoned folding into its heptameric form. (1997)

Recently, the sequence of mitochondrial chaperonin 10 from Rattus norvegicus (rat cpn10), with N-terminal acetylation, has been published. Two syntheses of rat cpn10 were performed, the first using a classical carbodiimide-mediated double coupling protocol (Method A) and the second a more efficient HBTU/HOBT/single coupling procedure (Method B). The latter also involved the application of a capping procedure, using N-(2-chlorobenzyloxycarbonyloxy)succinimide [Z(2-Cl)-OSu]. The crude protein from Method A was purified using a two-step isoelectric focusing/RP-HPLC scheme and found to contain a high proportion of a deletion peptide (less Gln60). Conversely, rat cpn10 from Method B was purified to homogeneity by one-step RP-HPLC, using a reversible lipophilic chromatographic probe. The proportion of biologically active heptameric structure was directly related to the purity of the protein and attained 84% with material from Method B. The addition of Ca/Mg ions, pH 7.2, or a heating/cooling cycle increased the proportion of heptamer for less pure protein. Shorter sequences were found not to fold into heptamers, suggesting that aggregation/folding motifs are located in 1-25 and 77-101 regions of rat cpn10. The heptameric cpn10 (Method B) bound correctly to GroEL from E. coli, demonstrating that N-terminal acetylation is not necessary for its folding and binding to bacterial cpn60.