gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploring the First Steps in Core–Shell Electrocatalyst Preparation: In Situ Characterization of the Underpotential Deposition of Cu on Supported Au Nanoparticles (2011)

The underpotential deposition (upd) of a Cu shell on a non-Pt nanoparticle core followed by galvanic displacement of the Cu template shell to form core-shell electrocatalyst materials is one means by which the Pt-based mass activity targets required for commercialization of PEM fuel cells may be reached. In situ EXAFS measurements were conducted at both the Au L(3) and the Cu K absorption edges during deposition of Cu onto a carbon-supported Au electrocatalyst to study the initial stages of formation of such a core-shell electrocatalyst. The Au L(3) EXAFS data obtained in 0.5 mol dm(-3) H(2)SO(4) show that the shape of the Au core is potential dependent, from a flattened to a round spherical shape as the Cu upd potential is approached. Following the addition of 2 mmol dm(-3) Cu, the structure was also measured as a function of the applied potential. At +0.2 V vs Hg/Hg(2)SO(4), the Cu(2+) species was found to be a hydrated octahedron. As the potential was made more negative, single-crystal studies predict an ordered bilayer of sulfate anions and partially discharged Cu ions, followed by a complete/uniform layer of Cu atoms. In contrast, the model obtained by fitting the Au L(3) and Cu K EXAFS data corresponds first to partially discharged Cu ions deposited at the defect sites in the outer shell of the Au nanoparticles at -0.42 V, followed by the growth of clusters of Cu atoms at -0.51 V. The absence of a uniform/complete Cu shell, even at the most negative potentials investigated, has implications for the structure, and the activity and/or stability, of the core-shell catalyst that would be subsequently formed following galvanic displacement of the Cu shell.
Circular microphone array beamforming to improve speech recognition for virtual agents (2021)

Under funding from an NIH NIDCD SBIR phase 1 and phase 2 grant, mh acoustics built a 16-element concentric circular microphone array using both analog and digital MEMS microphones. The circular microphone array design was trademarked as the EigenEar® microphone array and the unique beamforming processing is covered by U.S. patent 8903106. The presentation aims at showing that a circular third-order differential beamformer is capable of improving the recognition rate of popular voice recognition services used by a number of commercially available virtual assistants. These services offer an API to a client allowing speech data to be uploaded, analyzed, and returned in text form to the client. Experiments were done to compare the recognition accuracy from two separate audio streams. The EigenEar microphone array has two output channels and one channel contained the output of one omnidirectional microphone in the array and the other channel contained the output of the beamformer. The two audio streams are time synchronous so both streams presented to the virtual assistant are time aligned. The talk will describe the EigenEar circular microphone array and how the experiment was setup and the ASR results obtained from the virtual agents.
Silicon on Insulator (SOI) ESD Design (2015)

Chapter 9 focuses on Silicon on Insulator (SOI) circuits. In this chapter, SOI ESD devices for receiver and off-chip driver networks are discussed. First, we will discuss the SOI polysilicon-bound gated-diode structure, also known as the lateral unipolar bipolar transistor (Lubistor). Secondly we will discuss the dynamic threshold MOS (DTMOS) body- and gate-coupled diode ESD element. SOI ESD double-diodes designs, SOI ESD diode-strings, and SOI ESD MOSFET design will be shown. SOI ESD failure mechanisms will be discussed, as well as solutions to alleviate SOI ESD design failures will be reviewed. A new SOI double-diode gate-isolated ESD network design and method will be discussed. Additionally, SOI failure mechanisms in receiver network in half-pass transmission gates, SOI BR resistors, and other elements will be discussed. Additionally, special networks such as fuse circuitry and other issues will be highlighted. ESD design and layout of Silicon on Insulator (SOI) ESD elements.
Asymmetric Hydrogenation (2012)

Scheme 1. Asymmetric hydrogenation of an azalactone catalyzed by silk-fibroin-supported palladium
Unprecedented Stylissazoles A-C from Stylissa carteri sponge: another dimension for Marine Pyrrole-2-aminoimidazole Metabolites Diversity (2010)

International audience
Clustering and pattern matching for an automatic hotspot classification and detection system (2009)

This paper provides details of the implementation of a new design hotspot classification and detection system, and presents results of using the system to detect hotspots in layouts. A large set of hotspot snippets is grouped into a small number of clusters containing geometrically similar hotspots. A fast incremental clustering algorithm is used to perform this task efficiently on very large datasets. Each cluster is analyzed to produce a characterization of a class of hotspots, and a pattern matcher is used to detect hotspots in new design layouts based on the hotspot class descriptions.
Loss of Response and Need for Adalimumab Dose Intensification in Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review (2011)

The objective of this study was to review loss of response and need for adalimumab dose intensification in adult and pediatric patients with Crohn's disease. Studies were identified through the electronic databases of MEDLINE and the annual meetings of Digestive Disease Week, of the United European Gastroenterology Week, and of the American College of Gastroenterology and the European Crohn's and Colitis Organization meetings. Studies evaluating loss of efficacy and/or need for dose intensification were included. Thirty-nine studies were included. The mean percentage of loss of response to adalimumab among primary responders was 18.2% and the annual risk was 20.3% per patient-year. The mean percentage of patients who required dose intensification among primary responders to adalimumab was 37% and the annual risk was 24.8% per patient-year. When considering initial responders and patients with primary non-response, the mean percentage of patients who needed an adalimumab dose escalation was 21.4% and the annual risk was 24.4% per patient-year. Pooled analysis showed that dose escalation permitted response to be regained in 71.4% and remission in 39.9% of patients. Predictors for loss of response or dose escalation were male gender, current/former smoker status, family history of inflammatory bowel disease, isolated colonic disease, extra-intestinal manifestations, 80/40 mg induction therapy, longer disease duration, greater baseline Crohn's Disease Activity Index, concomitant corticosteroid use, no deep remission at week 12, low serum trough concentrations of adalimumab, previous infliximab non-response and being previously treated with an anti-tumor necrosis factor agent. Overall, around one fifth of adult patients require dose intensification and experience a loss of response after initiation of adalimumab therapy. Adalimumab dose escalation permits response to be regained in the majority of patients.
A novel robust adaptive beamformer based on worst-case linear optimization (2008)

Recently, a novel robust adaptive beamformers with constraints on the array magnitude response based on linear optimization is proposed. The optimization is carried out on the autocorrelation of the array weight instead on the array weight as the conventional beamformers. This kind of adaptive beamformer is able to flexibly control the robust region with a specific ripple. In practice, adaptive beamformers suffer from not only steering direction error, but also many other imperfections. In order to make an adaptive beamformer robust against all kinds of array imperfections, in this paper, we propose a new beamformer based on worst-case optimization. The resultant design possesses superior robustness against arbitrary array imperfections. With the proposed method, a large robust response region and a high signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) enhancement can be achieved.
Transduction of rat pancreatic islets with pseudotyped adeno-associated virus vectors (2009)

AAV2/5 vectors may therefore be useful for pre-treating donor islets prior to transplantation.
Is Heparin-Induced Platelet Activation an Unrecognized Cause of Thrombosis in Chronic Dialysis Patients? (1992)

Despite an increase in vaso-occlusive disorders and routine exposures to large quantities of heparin, chronic dialysis (CD) patients have not been studied for the presence of heparin-induced platelet activation (HIPA). Measurement of platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate release was performed at hepa rin concentrations of 0.1 U/mL and 100 U/mL using platelet-poor plasma (PPP) from 90 nonthrombocytopenic CD patients; 72 patients received heparin over prolonged periods (108 ±15 weeks); 18 patients received no heparin for two months prior to study. Results: PPP from 1 hemodialysis (HD) patient stimulated strong ( &gt; 19%) platelet activation at both 0.1 and 100 U/mL heparin concentrations. Four pa tients (4.4%) demonstrated intermediate (10-19%) platelet activation in the presence of 0.1 U/mL but not 100 U/mL heparin concentrations. Eighty-five patients demonstrated no platelet activation ( &lt; 10%) at either heparin concen tration. Conclusion: (1) None of the 90 dialysis patients met the strict laboratory criteria for HIPA. (2) Despite long-term exposure to large quantities of heparin, the prevalence of HIPA in CD patients appears to be no greater than that of the general patient population receiving heparin. (3) Nonthrombocytopenic HIPA is not a major factor contributing to thrombotic disorders in dialysis patients.
Optimization of a coded aperture coherent scatter spectral imaging system for medical imaging (2015)

Coherent scatter X-ray imaging is a technique that provides spatially-resolved information about the molecular structure of the material under investigation, yielding material-specific contrast that can aid medical diagnosis and inform treatment. In this study, we demonstrate a coherent-scatter imaging approach based on the use of coded apertures (known as coded aperture coherent scatter spectral imaging<sup>1, 2</sup>) that enables fast, dose-efficient, high-resolution scatter imaging of biologically-relevant materials. Specifically, we discuss how to optimize a coded aperture coherent scatter imaging system for a particular set of objects and materials, describe and characterize our experimental system, and use the system to demonstrate automated material detection in biological tissue.
Comparison of 13C MRI of hyperpolarized [1‐13C]pyruvate and lactate with the corresponding mass spectrometry images in a murine lymphoma model (2021)

The inhomogeneous distribution of labeled lactate observed in the MRS images was confirmed by MS imaging of the corresponding tumor sections. The images acquired using both techniques show that the rate of <sup>13</sup> C label exchange between the injected pyruvate and endogenous tumor lactate pool is more correlated with the rate of pyruvate delivery to the tumor cells and is less affected by the endogenous lactate concentration.
Figure S4 from Elastography Can Map the Local Inverse Relationship between Shear Modulus and Drug Delivery within the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Microenvironment (2023)

&lt;p&gt;The analysis for collagen density for the AsPC-1 (left) and BxPC-3 (right) tumor in relation to tumor shear modulus. (a) and (b) sonograms of representative AsPC-1 tumor and a BxPC-3 tumors. The corresponding shear modulus elastograms (c) and (d). The Masson's Trichrome stained histological images are shown in (e) to (f). (g) scatter plot of mean collagen density as a function of mean shear modulus.&lt;/p&gt;
Modulating the Pattern Quality of Micropatterned Multilayer Films Prepared by Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly (2005)

Patterned multilayer films composed of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were prepared using dip and spin self-assembly (SA) methods. A silicon substrate was patterned with a photoresist thin film using conventional photolithography, and PAH/PSS multilayers were then deposited onto the substrate surface using dip or spin SA. For spin SA, the photoresist on the substrate was retained, despite the high centrifugal forces involved in depositing the polyelectrolytes (PEs). The patterned multilayer films were formed by immersing the PE-coated substrates in acetone for 10 min. The effect of ionic strength on the pattern quality in dip and spin multilayer patterns (line-edge definition and surface roughness of the patterned region) was investigated by increasing the salt concentration in the PE solution (range 0-1 M). In dip multilayer patterns, the presence of salt increased the film surface roughness and pattern thickness without any deformation of pattern shape. The spin multilayer patterns formed without salt induced a height profile of about 130 nm at the pattern edge, whereas the patterns formed with high salt content (1 M) were extensively washed off the substrates. Well-defined pattern shapes of spin SA multilayers were obtained at an ionic strength of 0.4 M NaCl. Multilayer patterns prepared using spin SA and lift-off methods at the same ionic strength had a surface roughness of about 2 nm, and those prepared using the dip SA and lift-off method had a surface roughness of about 5 nm. The same process was used to prepare well-defined patterns of organic/metallic multilayer films consisting of PE and gold nanoparticles. The spin SA process yielded patterned multilayer films with various lengths and shapes.
Behavioural analysis of loss of function zebrafish supports baz1b as master regulator of domestication (2022)

Domestication is associated with both morphological and behavioural phenotypic changes that differentiate domesticated species from their wild counterparts. Some of the traits are those purposely targeted by the selection process, whilst others co-occur as a result of selection. The combination of traits is referred to as the domestication syndrome and their shared characteristics has given rise to the neural crest domestication syndrome (NCDS) hypothesis. According to this hypothesis, the phenotypic changes are a consequence of a selection towards animals with mild underdevelopment of the neural crest. A similar mechanism is suggested to affect some species of self-domesticated animals, including humans. Recent research supports a role for BAZ1B, one of the haplo-insufficient genes in Williams syndrome (WS), in the evolution of craniofacial features of modern humans. Interestingly, WS recapitulates some of the traits observed in the domestication syndrome, including hypersociability and reduced facial bones. However, the evidence linking BAZ1B to behavioural phenotypes associated with domestication is presumptive. Here, we use zebrafish as a model to test the hypothesis that baz1b loss-of-function leads to both morphological and behavioural phenotypes associated with the domestication syndrome by influencing the development of the neural crest. Our research provides further evidence supporting the NCDS hypothesis and baz1b's role in this process.
Solid Organ Bioprinting: Strategies to Achieve Organ Function (2020)

The field of tissue engineering has advanced over the past decade, but the largest impact on human health should be achieved with the transition of engineered solid organs to the clinic. The number of patients suffering from solid organ disease continues to increase, with over 100 000 patients on the U.S. national waitlist and approximately 730 000 deaths in the United States resulting from end-stage organ disease annually. While flat, tubular, and hollow nontubular engineered organs have already been implanted in patients, in vitro formation of a fully functional solid organ at a translatable scale has not yet been achieved. Thus, one major goal is to bioengineer complex, solid organs for transplantation, composed of patient-specific cells. Among the myriad of approaches attempted to engineer solid organs, 3D bioprinting offers unmatched potential. This review highlights the structural complexity which must be engineered at nano-, micro-, and mesostructural scales to enable organ function. We showcase key advances in bioprinting solid organs with complex vascular networks and functioning microstructures, advances in biomaterials science that have enabled this progress, the regulatory hurdles the field has yet to overcome, and cutting edge technologies that bring us closer to the promise of engineered solid organs.
Isolation and structure studies of mutagenic principles in amino acid pyrolysates. (1978)

The present paper describes the detail of the serach of mutagenic principles in tars from amino acids, especially from tryptophan. A series of amino acids was pyrolyzed and was tested their mutagenicity to find that basic fractions from pyrolysates of tryptophan, ornitine, glutamic acid, serine, lysine and creatine showed potent mutagenicities to TA98 than the fractions from pyrolysates of other amino acids. Among them the active principles in the pyrolysate of tryptophan were identified as 3-amino-1, 4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido-[4, 3-b] indole (designated as Trp-P-1) and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido [4, 3-b] indole (designated as Trp-P-2). Among several antimicrobial tar constituents, it was found that 2-amino-5-phenylpyridine, benzo [f] quinoline and phenanthridine also were mutagenic.
Supplementary Figure 2 from EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 Constitute a New Class of Potent and Highly Selective c-Met Inhibitors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 263K, Effects of EMD 1214063 on c-Met phosphorylation and downstream signaling molecules (see Figure 2C). EBC-1 cells were cultured in vitro in control medium (medium + vehicle) (lane 1), or in the presence of increasing concentrations of EMD 1214063 (A-D) or EMD 1204831(E-H) (0.01nM to 30�M, as depicted in lanes 2-15). Upon cell lysis, the levels of total c-Met, AKT, p42/44 MAPK (A, E), Gab1 (C, G), as well as phospho-c-Met, phospho-Akt, phospho-p42/44 MAPK (B, F), and phospho-Gab1 (D, H) were assessed by Western blot analyses. The levels of cofilin were used to ascertain equal loading (A, B, and F). Marked reductions in the levels of c-Met phosphorylation were observed for EMD 1214063 and EMD 1204831 at concentrations ≥0.1 �M (lanes 10-15). Data are representative of two independent experiments; cumulative results are shown in Fig. 2C.&lt;/p&gt;
Voids Nucleation and Growth Examination during Tensile Deformation for IF Steel by Synchrotron X-ray Laminography and EBSD (2017)

The mechanism behind the large elongation of Ti-added interstitial free (IF) steel has been investigated from the view point of voids’ nucleation, growth and coalescence in a local elongation region of tensile tests. Electron back scatter diffraction showed that in the case of IF steel, 50% of the voids nucleated at grain boundaries, 20% nucleated at Ti (C, N) on grain boundaries, 30% nucleated at Ti (C, N) in matrix. In the case of industrial pure iron, 70% of the voids nucleated at large angle grain boundaries while 30% nucleated at non-recrystallized grain boundaries. Synchrotron X-ray Laminograph observation showed that the voids in the IF steel grew, however, the coalescence was suppressed until a large plastic strain as compared with the pure industrial iron. Nano-indentation hardness (HIT) was measured when the tensile test stopped at a maximum load. This result showed that HIT at the grain boundaries of the industrial pure iron largely increased during tensile tests as compared with the IF steel. This finding was an indication that the industrial pure iron has heterogeneity of strain near grain boundaries previously in the region of uniform deformation. This finding also suggested that the large local elongation in the IF steel is caused by lowering heterogeneity of strain in the uniform deformation region followed by the suppression of voids’ growth and coalescence in the local elongation region.
Excited states of nitrogen, silicon-chelated transition metal complexes: characteristics of .sigma.-bond-to-ligand charge-transfer (SBLCT) excited states in fac-Ir[(6-isopropyl-8-quinolyl)diorganosilyl]3 (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited states of nitrogen, silicon-chelated transition metal complexes: characteristics of .sigma.-bond-to-ligand charge-transfer (SBLCT) excited states in fac-Ir[(6-isopropyl-8-quinolyl)diorganosilyl]3Peter I. Djurovich and Richard J. WattsCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 22, 4681–4682Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00074a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00074a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views138Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection and Quantification of Microparticles from Different Cellular Lineages Using Flow Cytometry. Evaluation of the Impact of Secreted Phospholipase A2 on Microparticle Assessment (2015)

Microparticles, also called microvesicles, are submicron extracellular vesicles produced by plasma membrane budding and shedding recognized as key actors in numerous physio(patho)logical processes. Since they can be released by virtually any cell lineages and are retrieved in biological fluids, microparticles appear as potent biomarkers. However, the small dimensions of microparticles and soluble factors present in body fluids can considerably impede their quantification. Here, flow cytometry with improved methodology for microparticle resolution was used to detect microparticles of human and mouse species generated from platelets, red blood cells, endothelial cells, apoptotic thymocytes and cells from the male reproductive tract. A family of soluble proteins, the secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2), comprises enzymes concomitantly expressed with microparticles in biological fluids and that catalyze the hydrolysis of membrane phospholipids. As sPLA2 can hydrolyze phosphatidylserine, a phospholipid frequently used to assess microparticles, and might even clear microparticles, we further considered the impact of relevant sPLA2 enzymes, sPLA2 group IIA, V and X, on microparticle quantification. We observed that if enriched in fluids, certain sPLA2 enzymes impair the quantification of microparticles depending on the species studied, the source of microparticles and the means of detection employed (surface phosphatidylserine or protein antigen detection). This study provides analytical considerations for appropriate interpretation of microparticle cytofluorometric measurements in biological samples containing sPLA2 enzymes.
Antioxidants and the Regulation of Reactive Iron (1997)

Iron is the fourth most abundant element in the earth's crust and the second most abundant metal. It is the metallic iron at the earth's center which accounts for its magnetic field as well as for its overall mass density. This metallic iron was exploited many centuries ago for navigation purposes with the pioneering development of the magnetic compass.