gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Label‐Free Monitoring of Adipogenic Stem Cell Differentiation Using Endogenous Optical Biomarkers (2021)

Stem cell-based therapies carry significant promise for treating human diseases. However, clinical translation of stem cell transplants for effective treatment requires precise non-destructive evaluation of the purity of stem cells with high sensitivity (<0.001% of the number of cells). Here, a novel methodology using hyperspectral imaging (HSI) combined with spectral angle mapping-based machine learning analysis is reported to distinguish differentiating human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) from control stem cells. The spectral signature of adipogenesis generated by the HSI method enables identifying differentiated cells at single-cell resolution. The label-free HSI method is compared with the standard techniques such as Oil Red O staining, fluorescence microscopy, and qPCR that are routinely used to evaluate adipogenic differentiation of hASCs. HSI is successfully used to assess the abundance of adipocytes derived from transplanted cells in a transgenic mice model. Further, Raman microscopy and multiphoton-based metabolic imaging is performed to provide complementary information for the functional imaging of the hASCs. Finally, the HSI method is validated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-mass spectrometry imaging of the stem cells. The study presented here demonstrates that multimodal imaging methods enable label-free identification of stem cell differentiation with high spatial and chemical resolution.
Adversarial Open Domain Adaptation for Sketch-to-Photo Synthesis (2021)

In this paper, we explore open-domain sketch-to-photo translation, which aims to synthesize a realistic photo from a freehand sketch with its class label, even if the sketches of that class are missing in the training data. It is challenging due to the lack of training supervision and the large geometric distortion between the freehand sketch and photo domains. To synthesize the absent freehand sketches from photos, we propose a framework that jointly learns sketch-to-photo and photo-to-sketch generation. However, the generator trained from fake sketches might lead to unsatisfying results when dealing with sketches of missing classes, due to the domain gap between synthesized sketches and real ones. To alleviate this issue, we further propose a simple yet effective open-domain sampling and optimization strategy to "fool" the generator into treating fake sketches as real ones. Our method takes advantage of the learned sketch-to-photo and photo-to-sketch mapping of in-domain data and generalizes it to the open-domain classes. We validate our method on the Scribble and SketchyCOCO datasets. Compared with the recent competing methods, our approach shows impressive results in synthesizing realistic color, texture, and maintaining the geometric composition for various categories of open-domain sketches. Our code is available at https://github.com/Mukosame/AODA
Uniform large-area slot-die coating of soluble metal oxide semiconductor towards mass production of high-performance TFT backplanes (2016)

ESL TFT backplane with solution type metal oxide semiconductor was completely processed on mass-production ready equipment. High mobility TFTs with excellent uniformity were obtained over the complete Gen1 glass substrate (320 mm x 352 mm), with good TFT bias stress reliability. An 85 ppi QVGA AMOLED display is demonstrated.
Histone Deacetylase 1 Phosphorylation Promotes Enzymatic Activity and Complex Formation (2001)

Accessibility of the genome to DNA-binding transcription factors is regulated by proteins that control the acetylation of amino-terminal lysine residues on nucleosomal histones. Specifically, histone deacetylase (HDAC) proteins repress transcription by deacetylating histones. To date, the only known regulatory mechanism of HDAC1 function is via interaction with associated proteins. Although the control of HDAC1 function by protein interaction and recruitment is well precedented, we were interested in exploring HDAC1 regulation by post-translational modification. Human HDAC1 protein was analyzed by ion trap mass spectrometry, and two phosphorylated serine residues, Ser(421) and Ser(423), were unambiguously identified. Loss of phosphorylation at Ser(421) and Ser(423) due to mutation to alanine or disruption of the casein kinase 2 consensus sequence directing phosphorylation reduced the enzymatic activity and complex formation of HDAC1. Deletion of the highly charged carboxyl-terminal region of HDAC1 also decreased its deacetylase activity and protein associations, revealing its requirement in maintaining HDAC1 function. Our results reinforce the importance of protein associations in modulating HDAC1 function and provide the first step toward characterizing the role of post-translational modifications in regulating HDAC activity in vivo.
Aggregated Representation for the Focussed Retrieval of Structured Documents (2001)

Effective retrieval of structured documents should exploit the content and structural knowledge associated with the documents. This knowledge can be used to focus retrieval to the best entry points: document components that contain relevant information, and from which users can browse to retrieve further relevant components. To enable this, the representation of a document component is defined as the aggregation of the representation of its own content and the representation of its structurally related components. The aggregation makes it possible to specify how the representation of a component is influenced by that of its connected components. It also allows the capturing of the type of relationships between the components and the importance of components. 1
Quantitative in-situ scanning electron microscope pull-out experiments and molecular dynamics simulations of carbon nanotubes embedded in palladium (2014)

In this paper, we present our results of experimental and numerical pull-out tests on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in palladium. We prepared simple specimens by employing standard silicon wafers, physical vapor deposition of palladium and deposition of CNTs with a simple drop coating technique. An AFM cantilever with known stiffness connected to a nanomanipulation system was utilized inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM) as a force sensor to determine forces acting on a CNT during the pull-out process. SEM-images of the cantilever attached to a CNT have been evaluated for subsequent displacement steps with greyscale correlation to determine the cantilever deflection. We compare the experimentally obtained pull-out forces with values of numerical investigations by means of molecular dynamics and give interpretations for deviations according to material impurities or defects and their influence on the pull-out data. We find a very good agreement of force data from simulation and experiment, which is 17 nN and in the range of 10–61 nN, respectively. Our findings contribute to the ongoing research of the mechanical characterization of CNT-metal interfaces. This is of significant interest for the design of future mechanical sensors utilizing the intrinsic piezoresistive effect of CNTs or other future devices incorporating CNT-metal interfaces.
First international workshop on social media engagement (SoME 2011) (2011)

The goal of this workshop is to encourage discussion and sharing of ideas and research results on social media engagement. We aim to promote interdisciplinary research and exchange of ideas in this area, not only between industry and academia, but also between different fields (e.g., computer science, mathematics, physics, psychology, sociology, cultural anthropology, etc.). In particular, we would like to discuss approaches to address some of the serious research challenges we face in devising engagement metrics, in developing methodologies, and in understanding how different technical approaches can be used to enhance our understanding of user behavior in social media.
Increased virulence of neuraminidase inhibitor-resistant pandemic H1N1 virus in mice (2013)

Pandemic H1N1 2009 (A[H1N1]pdm09) variants associated with oseltamivir resistance have emerged with a histidine-to-tyrosine substitution in the neuraminidase(NA) at position 274 (H274Y). To determine whether the H274Y variant has increased virulence potential, A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, with or without the H274Y mutation, was adapted by serial lung-to-lung passages in mice. The mouse-adapted H274Y (maCA04H274Y) variants showed increased growth properties and virulence in vitro and in vivo while maintaining high NA inhibitor resistance. Interestingly, most maCA04H274Y and maCA04 viruses acquired common mutations in HA (S183P and D222G) and NP (D101G), while only maCA04H274Y viruses had consensus additional K153E mutation in the HA gene, suggesting a potential association with the H274Y substitution. Collectively, our findings highlight the potential emergence of A(H1N1)pdm09 drug-resistant variants with increased virulence and the need for rapid development of novel antiviral drugs.
A Network Performance Study of LTE in Unlicensed Spectrum (2015)

The deployment of LTE in unlicensed spectrum has recently been proposed to improve cellular data capacity. Under the title of License Assisted Access (LAA), 3GPP is developing a global standard to enable operators of licensed spectrum to expand into unlicensed spectrum. For regions with less restrictive regulations, the LTE-U Forum has developed a proprietary implementation based on LTE Release 12. Both implementations use carrier aggregation to bond licensed and unlicensed spectrum. This paper investigates the performance of unlicensed LTE using a simulated case study based on a real urban network deployment. Unlicensed LTE is deployed outdoors and is co-located with licensed band LTE picocells. The performance of this network is compared with the identical network using Wi-Fi in the unlicensed band. Results show that unlicensed LTE outperforms Wi-Fi, but the degree depends on the interaction between Wi-Fi and the licensed carrier. In addition, the coexistence of unlicensed LTE using a generic, static muting approach (LTE-U) and Wi-Fi is studied for the case of a single operator. The coexistence results, addressing only the scenario of a single operator with a mixed outdoor deployment in a defined geographic area, show that LTE-U can be configured to yield network performance gains while being fair to the Wi-Fi network.
Development of Guidelines for Anchor Design for High-Tension Cable Guardrails (2010)

High-tension cable guardrail is becoming increasingly popular in median and roadside applications because of the promise of reduced deflections on impact and reduced maintenance. As the performance of these systems is observed in service, there is a growing concern over the end anchorage foundation performance of current systems. Foundations for high-tension systems must not only be capable of restraining the impact load of a vehicle but must also restrain the initial pretension on the cable system as well as temperature-induced loads. Although it may be acceptable for many roadside safety devices to require foundation repair after impact, foundation failure caused by environmentally induced loads would be a significant maintenance problem. Because initial tension-and temperature-induced loads can be greater than those loads applied during impact, these loadings must be considered in foundation design. Foundation deflection can reduce cable tension, increasing deflection of the system during impact and letting the cables sag after impact. The soil conditions in which these foundations are placed vary significantly. The potential impact, tension, and temperature loads were considered, and a set of suggested foundation designs was developed to accommodate a range of in situ soil conditions. These designs vary significantly in different areas around the nation because of variations in both weather and in situ soil conditions. Deflection during full-scale crash tests may not accurately represent the foundation deflection that will be experienced in the field.
Early and Late M Intermediates in the Bacteriorhodopsin Photocycle:  A Solid-State NMR Study (1998)

To enforce vectorial proton transport in bacteriorhodopsin (bR), it is necessary that there be a change in molecular structure between deprotonation and reprotonation of the chromophore-i.e., there must be at least two different M intermediates in the functional photocycle. We present here the first detection of multiple M intermediates in native wild-type bacteriorhodopsin by solid-state NMR. Illumination of light-adapted [zeta-15N-Lys]-bR at low temperatures shifts the 15N signal of the retinal Schiff base (SB) downfield by about 150 ppm, indicating a deprotonated chromophore. In 0.3 M Gdn-HCl at pH 10.0, two different M states are obtained, depending on the temperature during illumination. The M state routinely prepared at the lower temperature, Mo, decays to the newly observed M state, Mn, and the N intermediate, as the temperature is increased. Both relax to bR568 at 0 degreesC. A unique reaction sequence is derived: bR568-->Mo-->(Mn+N)-->bR568. Mo and Mn have similar chemical shifts at [12-13C]ret, [14-13C]ret, and [epsilon-13C]Lys216, indicating that Mn, like Mo, has a 13-cis and C=N anti chromophore. However, a small splitting in the [14-13C]ret signal of Mo reveals that it has at least two substates. The 7 ppm greater shielding of the SB nitrogen in Mn compared to Mo suggests an increase in basicity and/or hydrogen bonding. Probing the peptide backbone of the protein, via [1-13C]Val labeling, reveals a substantial structural change between Mo and Mn including the relaxation of perturbations at some sites and the development of new perturbations at other sites. The combination of the change in the protein structure and the increase in the pKa of the SB suggests that the demonstrated Mo-->Mn transition may function as the "reprotonation switch" required for vectorial proton transport.
<title>Photonic crystals built by three-dimensional additive lithography enable integrated optics of high density</title> (1996)

Photonic crystals were investigated experimentally in a scaled setup with microwaves in the form of 2D arrays of dielectric rods of high permittivity surrounded by air and are reported in the literature. These crystals render perfect mirrors for a band of wavelengths. Having an impurity built into the structure, transmission filters with a specific narrow bandwidth can be generated. The predominant feature of these structures is, that devices of high finesses are obtained with as few as 6 planes of dielectric rods. The grid constant of the rods is 80 nm diameter and micrometers dimensions with a surface roughness below 3 nm. It offers the freedom to taylor the refractive index of the material by selecting precursor materials, deposition conditions, and exposure mode. A scanning electron microscope with VIDAS-beam control system is used for this lithography. A custom designed lithography function allows to control position, dwelltime, and sequence of the pixels. Using a program generated database, which contains all pixel and time information required, 3D structures are generated with the deposition process. The devices are placed with nm precision in waveguide patterns. Macro-controlled construction of arrays of dielectric rods of high aspect ratios is presented, which resemble perfect or imperfect photonic crystals. Using specialized crystals, filters and tunable filters dense devices for routing of light or optical metrology can be fabricated.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
On Analog Silicon Photomultipliers in Standard 55-nm BCD Technology for LiDAR Applications (2021)

We present an analog silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) based on a standard 55 nm Bipolar-CMOS-DMOS (BCD) technology. The SiPM is composed of 16$\times$16 single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) and measures 0.29$\times$0.32 mm$^2$. Each SPAD cell is passively quenched by a monolithically integrated 3.3 V thick oxide transistor. The measured gain is 3.4$\times$ 10$^5$ at 5 V excess bias voltage. The single-photon timing resolution (SPTR) is 185 ps and the multiple-photon timing resolution (MPTR) is 120 ps at 3.3 V excess bias voltage. We integrate the SiPM into a co-axial light detection and ranging (LiDAR) system with a time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC) module in FPGA. The depth measurement up to 25 m achieves an accuracy of 2 cm and precision of 2 mm under the room ambient light condition. With co-axial scanning, the intensity and depth images of complex scenes with resolutions of 128$\times$256 and 256$\times$512 are demonstrated. The presented SiPM enables the development of cost-effective LiDAR system-on-chip (SoC) in the advanced technology.
Optical polarization and intervalley scattering in single layers of MoS2\n and MoSe2 (2016)

Single layers of MoS2 and MoSe2 were optically pumped with circularly\npolarized light and an appreciable polarization was initialized as the pump\nenergy was varied. The circular polarization of the emitted photoluminescence\nwas monitored as function of the difference between the excitation energy and\nthe A-exciton emission at the K-point of the Brillouin zone. Our results show a\nthreshold of twice the LA phonon energy, specific to the material, above which\nphonon-assisted intervalley scattering causes depolarization. In both materials\nthis lead to almost complete depolarization within ~100 meV above the threshold\nenergy. We identify the extra kinetic energy of the exciton (independent of\nwhether it is neutral or charged) as the key parameter for presenting a\nunifying picture of the depolarization process.\n
DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF NOVEL TERREMIDE AND SULFONAIDES DERIVATIVES FOR PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION (2022)

Bacterial infections were first recorded back at 3000 B.C.E. Since then, there have been an enormous number of pandemics that hit the world. Countless doctors and researchers have been working on a definitive solution to exterminate all bacterial infections of all kinds. Marine microorganisms have been widely used as a valid source for pharmacologically active components, and recently the amount of metabolites produced by marine-derived fungi have been increased magnificently, which provided not only wide spectrum of highly active compounds but also gave an enormous number of opportunities for chemists to modify theses incredible entities into more effective and less harmful compounds that can be used as cytotoxic, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal agents.(He et al., 2013) Quinazolines have been spotted as a new group of agents of decent promising and potential chemotherapeutic and antimicrobial activities.(Raghavendra, Gurubasavarajaswamy, Nagaranavile, & Parameshwaran, 2009) The structure activity relationship of quinazolines has shown it has a very weak antimicrobial activity,(Alafeefy, 2009) Close inspection of the structure-activity-relationships (SAR) of quinazolines revealed important structural features necessary for their antimicrobial activity: a nitrogenous ring and a side chain. Quinazoline heterocyclic compounds have been used to synthesize compounds like terremide B to enhance the activity. Currently, advantageous moieties have been combined to generate new hybrid scaffolds of quinazoline with the objective of synthesizing new moieties enhancing the biological activity and drug-like properties.
Arrangement channel approach to exchange processes: Quasisymmetric and symmetric representations (1988)

In this work are presented two new sets of integral equations for studying three-body exchange processes. The two are obtained from the Baer-Kouri-Levin-Tobocman approach by assuming the W matrix, via which the coupling is done, to be dependent on the internal coordinates of the system. In contrast to the channel permuting array structure of the original version of the Baer-Kouri-Levin-Tobocman equations, one set of equations is almost symmetric with respect to the different channels and the other is fully symmetric, thus ensuring a unitary S matrix. The first set of equations has already been solved for a three-channel, three-dimensional system, H+${H}_{2}$ (J=0), and has been found to yield the correct results. Connectivity, as related to these equations, is discussed.
Higher Ultrasonic Frequency Liquid Phase Exfoliation Leads to Larger and Monolayer to Few-Layer Flakes of 2D Layered Materials (2021)

Among the most reliable techniques for exfoliation of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, sonication-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) is considered as a cost-effective and straightforward method for preparing graphene and its 2D inorganic counterparts at reasonable sizes and acceptable levels of defects. Although there were rapid advances in this field, the effect and outcome of the sonication frequency are poorly understood and often ignored, resulting in a low exfoliation efficiency. Here, we demonstrate that simple mild bath sonication at a higher frequency and low power positively contributes to the thickness, size, and quality of the final exfoliated products. We show that monolayer graphene flakes can be directly exfoliated from graphite using ethanol as a solvent by increasing the frequency of the bath sonication from 37 to 80 kHz. The statistical analysis shows that ∼77% of the measured graphene flakes have a thickness below three layers with an average lateral size of 13 μm. We demonstrate that this approach works for digenite (Cu<sub>9</sub>S<sub>5</sub>) and silver sulfide (Ag<sub>2</sub>S), thus indicating that this exfoliation technique can be applied to other inorganic 2D materials to obtain high-quality few-layered flakes. This simple and effective method facilitates the formation of monolayer/few layers of graphene and transition metal chalcogenides for a wide range of applications.
Design and Applicability of a Mechanical Impedance Sensor for Vein Penetration Detection (2020)

Intravenous needle insertion is typically conducted manually, with needles guided into vessels by feel while looking for a brief flash of blood. This process is imprecise and leads to mispositioned needles, multiple reinsertion attempts, increased procedure time and higher costs for the hospital. We present a method for indicating that the needle has reached the vein by measuring the change in mechanical impedance of the needle as it passes through different tissue layers. Testing in a phantom indicated that this has the potential to identify transitions through tissue boundaries.
Lithium Diffusion in Cation-Mixing-Free LiMn1-xFexPO4Synthesized by Hydrothermal Process (2015)

Lithium diffusion properties of LiMn1-xFexPO4 synthesized by hydrothermal methods were characterized from electrochemical and structural analysis. Structural defects such as cation mixing in LiMn1-xFexPO4 impede the lithium-ion diffusion. Therefore, it is important to understand effects of cation mixing in LiMn1-xFexPO4 on lithium diffusivity of LiMn1-xFexPO4. The amount of cation mixing of lithium and Mn/Fe in LiMn1-xFexPO4 was obtained by means of neutron diffraction measurements. Rietveld refinements indicated that cation mixing in the prepared LiMn1-xFexPO4 was negligible. Apparent chemical diffusion coefficients (Dapp) of lithium of LiMn1-xFexPO4 dependent on the Mn/Fe ratio were obtained by potential-step chronoamperometry (PSCA) measurements of thin composite electrodes. Dapp of lithium insertion or extraction reaction of LiMn1-xFexPO4 for Mn2+/Mn3+ increased with Fe content. Dapp for Fe2+/Fe3+ slightly increased with decreasing Fe content. The difference of Dapp value was attributed to the activation energies (Ea) of lithium diffusion process of LiMn1-xFexPO4. The Ea of LiMn1-xFexPO4 for Mn2+/Mn3+ and Fe2+/Fe3+ was determined by the energy barrier of lithium hopping at the interphase between Li-rich and Li-poor phase under electrochemical kinetic conditions.