gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THROMBOXANE SYNTHASE EXPRESSION IN RENAL TRANSPLANT PATIENTS WITH REJECTION1 (1995)

Thromboxane synthase (TS) catalyzes the formation of thromboxane (TxA2) in monocytes/macrophages, platelets, and various tissues. TxA2 is likely to play a role in graft dysfunction due to its vasoconstrictive and platelet aggregatory properties. We studied the expression of TS in 7 normal native kidneys, 29 consecutive renal allograft biopsies (performed for rising serum creatinine, n=23, and delayed graft function, n=6), and one transplant nephrectomy specimen with severe acute rejection. TS expression was determined by immunocytochemistry using a monoclonal antibody against human TS, Kon-7. Histologic grading of the transplant biopsy specimens was based on the Banff classification. The degree of TS staining was graded in the glomeruli, interstitium, tubules and vessels from 0 to 3+. Of 29 biopsies, 13 had chronic nephropathy (CN), 6 had acute rejection (AR) with chronic nephropathy (AR/CN), 4 had acute rejection (AR), and 6 had acute tubular necrosis (ATN). TS staining of native kidneys showed sporadic interstitial cells. The biopsy and transplant nephrectomy specimens showed significant staining, predominantly in the glomeruli and interstitium. Positively staining cells appeared to be of macrophage/monocyte lineage by morphology. The mean glomerular staining grade was significantly increased in specimens with AR (2.3±0.9) and the mean interstitial staining was increased in specimens with AR/CN (2.2±0.9). Follow-up renal function 6 months post-biopsy showed that patients with higher TS staining grades had a faster decline in graft function. In conclusion, TS expression is increased in patients with acute rejection with or without chronic nephropathy and is associated with more rapid deterioration in function.
A DOE Set for Normalization-Based Extraction of Fill Impact on Capacitances (2007)

Metal fills, which are used to reduce metal thickness variations due to chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP), increase the capacitances in a circuit. Although current extraction tools are accurate in handling grounded fills and regular interconnects, for floating fills, these tools are based on certain approximations, such as assuming that floating fills are grounded or each fill is merged with neighboring ones. To reduce such inaccuracies, the authors provide a design of experiments (DOE), which will be used in addition to what is available in the extraction tools for regular interconnects. Through the proposed DOE set, a design or mask house can generate normalized fill tables to remove the inaccuracies of the extraction tools in the presence of floating fills. The capacitance values are updated using these normalized fill tables. The proposed DOE enables extensive analyses of the fill impacts on coupling capacitances. The authors show through extensive 3D field solver simulations that the assumptions used in extractors result in significant inaccuracies. The authors present analyses of fill impacts for an example technology, and also provide analyses using the normalized fill tables to be used in the extraction flow for three different standard fill algorithms
Externally modulated optical analog links for microwave applications (2002)

Summary form only given, as follows. Fiber-optic analog links using external modulators are useful for microwave applications. They can transmit microwave signals over distances up to several kilometers with low loss and negligible dispersion. With the addition of a few more components, these links can be used in phased array antennas to steer the beam and to provide broadband adaptive nulling. The author has demonstrated point-to-point links at frequencies up to 22 GHz. An overview is given of the important factors in link design, with emphasis on the electro-optic modulator which is a key component in these systems. Current research trends and status of commercially available devices are also be reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Conformation of Grafted Polystyrene Chains in a Melt (1991)

We have used SIMS to measure the concentration profile of hydroxy-terminated polystyrene chains grafted onto a native-oxide-covered Si surface in deuterated polystyrene melts. The conformation of chains with only one labeled end was consistent with random-walk statistics near a reflecting wall and was independent of matrix molecular weight. The conformation of chains with labels at both ends underwent a loop-to-tail transition as the bulk volume fraction was increased. The grafting density increased with temperature and was inversely proportional to the molecular weight of the chains.
Numerical Modeling of Seismic Wave Propagation (2012)

“Modeling of seismic wave propagation is a core component in almost every aspect of exploration seismology, ranging from survey design methods to imaging and inversion algorithms. The last time SEG published a reprint volume on numerical modeling was in 1990. Since then, the last two decades has seen a step change in the application and use of Âfull wave equationÂ modeling methods enabled by the tremendous increase in available computational power. Full waveform inversion, reverse time migration and 3D elastic finitedifference synthetic data generation are examples of modeling applications that are currently having a fundamental impact on our business. In Numerical Modeling of Seismic Wave Propagation: Gridded Two-way Wave-equation Methods, readers will find many of the wellknown and referenced papers from the exploration seismic community as well as some of the key papers that have impacted other fields of seismology. Because the modeling literature is vast, we have limited the scope of the reprint volume to papers over the last two decades on modeling methods based on the full wave equation. The reprint volume will be of particular interest to researchers and practitioners interested in modeling methods and their applications. The searchable CD includes the 114-page book of abstracts and the full papers.”
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION AND CONDENSATIONS OF 3‐LITHIOMETHYLQUINOLINE (1976)

Abstract Aus 3‐Methylchinolin (I) erhält man über die Li‐Verbindung (II) mit entsprechenden Carbonyl= Verbindungen (III) die Carbinole (IV); mit Äthylbromid (V) erfolgt die Alkylierung zu (VI).
Documento di consenso Società Italiana di Cardiologia- Società Italiana di Nefrologia: Ruolo dell’asse cardio-renale nella prevenzione e trattamento delle patologie cardiovascolari – Parte I: Dai fattori di rischio cardiovascolare ai meccanismi di danno cardio-renale (2022)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiovascular (CV) disease are highly prevalent conditions in the general population and are strictly connected to each other with a bidirectional interaction. In patients affected by CKD, the leading cause of morbidity and mortality is represented by CV disease, since CKD promotes the atherosclerotic process increasing inflammation, and modifying lipid and bone mineral metabolism. On the other side, a strict relationship exists between CKD and CV risk factors, which are prevalent in nephropathic patients and impose a stringent assessment of the risk of CV events in this population together with an optimized pharmacological approach, complicated by the coexistence of the two pathological conditions. The first part of this consensus document focuses on the mechanisms of cardio-renal damage and on the impact, as well as the management, of the main CV risk factors in the context of CKD.
Utilizing Global Syntactic Tree Features for Phrase Reordering (2014)

In phrase-based statistical machine translation, long distance reordering problem is one of the most challenging issues when translating syntactically distant language pairs. In this paper, we propose a novel reordering model to solve this problem. In our model, reordering is affected by the overall structures of sentences such as listings, reduplications, and modifications as well as the relationships of adjacent phrases. To this end, we reflect global syntactic contexts including the parts that are not yet translated during the decoding process.
Related Articles from How Do We Safely Get People to Stop Smoking? (2023)

Related Articles from How Do We Safely Get People to Stop Smoking?
Ec-a compiler for the e-language (2005)

In our previous work, we have introduced e, a fine-grained thread-level parallel (TLP) programming language for synchronous shared memory NOC architectures, realizing the parallel random access machine, (PRAM) model. The language uses a familiar c-like syntax and provides support for shared and private variables, arbitrary hierarchical groups of threads, and synchronous control structures. This allows a programmer to use various advanced TLP programming techniques like data parallelism, the divide-and-conquer technique, different blocking techniques, and both synchronous and asynchronous programming styles. In this paper, we describe ec, an experimental compiler for e. We also shortly evaluate the e-compiler with real parallel program using our scalable Eclipse NOC architecture.
Method of generating sets of PV plant power time series for grid simulation purposes (2012)

Power distribution grids with a high share of photovoltaic (PV) generation can be subject to severe voltage issues. The realistic simulation of such systems is therefore important for planning purposes and the evaluation of technical counter measures. This paper suggests a method to generate realistic power time series for a given set of PV generators within a distribution grid to provide the necessary input data for such simulations.
Dynamics of a nematic liquid crystal around a spherical particle (2004)

We present the results of our numerical calculations that focus on the dynamics of a nematic liquid crystal around a spherical particle imposing strong homeotropic anchoring at the surface. The first part of this article is devoted to the discussion of the effect of an external magnetic or electric field on the director configuration of a nematic liquid crystal. With the aid of an adaptive mesh refinement scheme, together with the tensor description of the orientational order, for the first time in numerical calculations we successfully reproduce the transition from a hyperbolic hedgehog defect to a Saturn ring defect, which was observed in a recent experiment. We also find that the trajectories of the defect core sensitively depend on the field strength. In the second part we investigate how a hydrodynamic flow influences the orientational order of a nematic liquid crystal around a particle carrying a hyperbolic hedgehog defect. We observe that for an intermediate Ericksen number, which characterizes the ratio of the viscous force to the elastic force of a nematic liquid crystal, the liquid crystal is strongly convected by the flow, which results in a considerable elastic distortion.
Strukturänderungen bei der Reduktion von 9‐(Diphenylmethyliden)fluoren mit Natrium‐Metall zu Schichten (R2O)Na⊕‐verknüpfter Kohlenwasserstoff‐Dianionen (1992)

Structural Changes on Reduction of 9‐(Diphenylmethylidene)fluorene by Sodium Metal to Sheets of (R 2 O)Na⊕‐ Connected Hydrocarbon Dianions The single‐crystal structure of 9‐(diphenylmethylidene)fluorene (monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n , Z = 4) proves a CC bond length of 135 pm and a twisting of the two Ph rings out of the methylidene‐fluorene plane by 70° and 83°. Its reduction in Et 2 O solution by a Na mirror under Ar yields dark green crystals with a metallic luster. Their structure, determined in a N 2 flow cooled to 223 K (monoclinic, space group C 2/ c , Z = 4), reveals sheets of hydrocarbon dianions, connected by sodium(diethylether) links. The Na centers are sixfold coordinated as half‐sandwiches to the fluorene benzo rings and threefold allylic to the Ph rings. In the dianion of 9‐(diphenyl‐methylidene)fluorene, the central CC bond is stretched by 13 pm to 148 pm length, and the two molecular cyanine‐like halves are twisted by 51° relative to each other. Both the contact‐ion multiple structures as well as the structural changes on twofold reduction are discussed by way of comparison with literature examples and based on semiempirical calculations.
DNA Interlayers Enhance Charge Injection in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors (2012)

By inserting DNA interlayers beneath the Au contact, the contact resistance of PC(70) BM field-effect transistorss is reduced by approximately 30 times at a gate bias of 20 V. The electron and hole mobilities of ambipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole transistors are increased by one order of magnitude with a reduction of the threshold voltage from 12 to 6.5 V.
Shoulder Arthroplasty for Patients With Proximal Humeral Paget's Disease (2021)

Poorly controlled Paget's disease leads to excessive blood loss following total hip arthroplasty. The effect in shoulder arthroplasty is unknown. The authors reviewed 3 patients with Paget's disease involving the proximal humerus, comparing them with 17 patients with Paget's disease but no humeral involvement. The 3 patients had an estimated blood loss of 1400 mL, 1100 mL, and 350 mL, compared with an average of 280 mL in the control group. The first 2 cases required 4 units of packed red blood cells intraoperatively, and both were not managed with bisphosphonates. Paget's disease of the humerus leads to more intraoperative blood loss and higher blood transfusion requirements, particularly in cases not managed with bisphosphonates. [<i>Orthopedics</i>. 2021;44(4):e614-e619.].
Effective deactivation of the ZnS visible photoluminescence by iron impurities (1985)

A microscopic model of the effective deactivation of the ZnS visible photoluminescence by iron impurities is presented. It is shown that strong photoionization (${\mathrm{Fe}}^{2+}$\ensuremath{\rightarrow}${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$) absorption enables an effective transfer of energy between centers active in luminescence processes and iron to take place followed only by infrared deexcitation. Furthermore, it is shown that iron compensates copper in the ZnS lattice. Such a process diminishes the role of copper in ZnS visible photoluminescence and is the main reason for high efficiency of the deactivation process due to iron impurities.
Supplementary Figures from The Magnitude of Androgen Receptor Positivity in Breast Cancer Is Critical for Reliable Prediction of Disease Outcome (2023)

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Selective Inhibition of KCC2 Leads to Hyperexcitability and Epileptiform Discharges in Hippocampal Slices andIn Vivo (2015)

GABA(A) receptors form Cl(-) permeable channels that mediate the majority of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain. The K(+)/Cl(-) cotransporter KCC2 is the main mechanism by which neurons establish low intracellular Cl(-) levels, which is thought to enable GABAergic inhibitory control of neuronal activity. However, the widely used KCC2 inhibitor furosemide is nonselective with antiseizure efficacy in slices and in vivo, leading to a conflicting scheme of how KCC2 influences GABAergic control of neuronal synchronization. Here we used the selective KCC2 inhibitor VU0463271 [N-cyclopropyl-N-(4-methyl-2-thiazolyl)-2-[(6-phenyl-3-pyridazinyl)thio]acetamide] to investigate the influence of KCC2 function. Application of VU0463271 caused a reversible depolarizing shift in E(GABA) values and increased spiking of cultured hippocampal neurons. Application of VU0463271 to mouse hippocampal slices under low-Mg(2+) conditions induced unremitting recurrent epileptiform discharges. Finally, microinfusion of VU0463271 alone directly into the mouse dorsal hippocampus rapidly caused epileptiform discharges. Our findings indicated that KCC2 function was a critical inhibitory factor ex vivo and in vivo.
Synthetic Ligand-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Microfluidic Bacterial Separation from Blood (2013)

Bacterial sepsis is a serious clinical condition that can lead to multiple organ dysfunction and death despite timely treatment with antibiotics and fluid resuscitation. We have developed an approach to clearing bacteria and endotoxin from the bloodstream, using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with bis-Zn-DPA, a synthetic ligand that binds to both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Magnetic microfluidic devices were used to remove MNPs bound to Escherichia coli , a Gram-negative bacterium commonly implicated in bacterial sepsis, from bovine whole blood at flows as high as 60 mL/h, resulting in almost 100% clearance. Such devices could be adapted to clear bacteria from septicemic patients.
CAMEO: A Two-Level Memory Organization with Capacity of Main Memory and Flexibility of Hardware-Managed Cache (2014)

This paper analyzes the trade-offs in architecting stacked DRAM either as part of main memory or as a hardware-managed cache. Using stacked DRAM as part of main memory increases the effective capacity, but obtaining high performance from such a system requires Operating System (OS) support to migrate data at a page-granularity. Using stacked DRAM as a hardware cache has the advantages of being transparent to the OS and perform data management at a line-granularity but suffers from reduced main memory capacity. This is because the stacked DRAM cache is not part of the memory address space. Ideally, we want the stacked DRAM to contribute towards capacity of main memory, and still maintain the hardware-based fine-granularity of a cache. We propose CAMEO, a hardware-based Cache-like Memory Organization that not only makes stacked DRAM visible as part of the memory address space but also exploits data locality on a fine-grained basis. CAMEO retains recently accessed data lines in stacked DRAM and swaps out the victim line to off chip memory. Since CAMEO can change the physical location of a line dynamically, we propose a low overhead Line Location Table (LLT) that tracks the physical location of all data lines. We also propose an accurate Line Location Predictor (LLP) to avoid the serialization of the LLT look-up and memory access. We evaluate a system that has 4GB stacked memory and 12GB off-chip memory. Using stacked DRAM as a cache improves performance by 50%, using as part of main memory improves performance by 33%, whereas CAMEO improves performance by 78%. Our proposed design is very close to an idealized memory system that uses the 4GB stacked DRAM as a hardware-managed cache and also increases the main memory capacity by an additional 4GB.
Double exposure for the contact layer of the 65-nm node (2005)

The critical dimension (CD) of contact holes for the 65-nm application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) is 100 nm according to the 2002 update of the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. The common through-pitch depth of focus (DOF) of such contact holes is very small using the current ArF exposure tool. High-numerical-aperture (NA) ArF exposure tools are not expected to improve the common DOF that scales by the square of the numerical half aperture. High-transmission attenuated phase-shifting masks increase the DOF of isolated contact holes. Off-axis illumination such as annular or quadrupole illumination improves the DOF of dense contact holes. Nonetheless, both the isolated and the dense contact holes need to be printed within spec on logic circuit. To delineate 100-nm contact holes at several different pitches, we proposed the pack-and-unpack (PAU) process which employs double exposures. First, dummy holes are added to the surroundings of isolated contact holes facilitating the patterning of the resultant dense pattern with a resolution enhancement technique that favors dense contact holes. For example, dense holes are packed to 180-nm pitch and imaged with high-NA lens setting and quadrupole illumination. Then, the second image is used to open the desired holes or block the dummy contact holes. The purpose of this study was to develop new methods and new materials for the patterning of the second image. Three approaches were investigated. The first approach was forming an isolation layer to protect the first image; second, applying UV curing to harden the first image; third, using alcohol-based resists to pattern the second image. Among those three approaches of printing the second image, using resist in alcohols is the most convenient method. Even though the CD control of the second image is not so critical, resolution and process window of resists may need further improvement for 45-nm node and below. Using the second approach allows conventional ArF resists, which does not raise as many concerns as the alcohol-based resists. With the first approach, a lot more work is needed to prevent intermixing and reactions between the isolation layer and the resist for the second image. The results of this work point to the directions for material developments of the PAU process. Both the alcohol-based resists and UV curing are good approaches for PAU. Further characterizations such as DOF, exposure latitude (EL), and mask error factor (MEF) on them will be carried out in the near future.
Acoustic pressure patterning for through-wall energy transfer using holographic lenses (2021)

Through-wall acoustic energy transfer (TWAET) using piezoelectric devices is a technology proposed for wirelessly charging sensors in enclosed shells or vessels typically found in automobiles, space stations, and nuclear reactors. This mode of energy transfer has received significant attention in recent years as they outperform the traditional electromagnetic based through-wall wireless power transfer techniques which suffer due to Faraday shielding. Although useful, the existing framework is not suited to charge an enclosed sensor network. To address this shortcoming, we present, for the first time, acoustic holograms for selective TWAET and the details of the design, experiments, and potential applications.
Negative Regulation of Opioid Receptor‐G Protein‐Ca2+ Channel Pathway by the Nootropic Nefiracetam (2004)

It has recently been reported that nefiracetam, a nootropic agent, is capable of attenuating the development of morphine dependence and tolerance in mice. The mechanism of this antimorphine action is not clear. The present study was designed to address this issue using Xenopus oocytes expressing delta-opioid receptors, G proteins (G(i3alpha) or G(o1alpha)), and N-type (alpha1B) Ca2+ channels. Membrane currents through Ca2+ channels were recorded from the oocytes under voltage-clamp conditions. The Ca2+ channel currents were reduced reversibly by 40-60% in the presence of 1 microM leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk). The Leu-Enk-induced current inhibition was recovered promptly by nefiracetam (1 microM), while control currents in the absence of Leu-Enk were not influenced by nefiracetam. A binding assay revealed that 3H-nefiracetam preferentially bound to the membrane fraction of oocytes expressing G(i3alpha). When delta-opioid receptors were coexpressed, the binding was significantly increased. However, an additional expression of alpha1B Ca2+ channels decreased the binding. The results suggest that nefiracetam preferentially binds to G(i3alpha) associated with delta-opioid receptors, thereby inhibiting the association of G proteins with Ca2+ channels. In conclusion, nefiracetam negatively regulates the inhibitory pathway of opioid receptor-G protein-Ca2+ channel.
Lateral hybrid emitter shortMOS controlled thyristor (1994)

A new integrable lateral hybrid emitter short MOS controlled thyristor structure (LHMT) is proposed and its operation is characterised through 2-D device simulation. The simulations indicate that the forward voltage drop of the LHMT is a factor of 3 lower than that of the LIGBT at a current 180 A/cm2, while the turn-off time is practically the same for both. Furthermore, the maximum controllable current of the LHMT is at least twice as large as that of other lateral thyristor structures proposed so far, and around 85% of that of the LIGBT. These features are expected to make the LHMT very attractive for high-voltage and power IC applications.