gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flexible Numerology in 5G NR: Interference Quantification and Proper Selection Depending on the Scenario (2021)

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) adopted cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) for both uplink and downlink communications (although DFT-s-OFDM is also allowed in the uplink) in 5G New Radio (NR) Release 15. However, due to the variety of proposed deployment options and scenarios, a single numerology will not be enough to fulfil all performance requirements. A scalable OFDM numerology was required to enable diverse services on a wide range of frequencies and deployments, and finding the right numerology for each scenario is of special relevance for the proper functioning of 5G NR. Using a simulator calibrated according to the parameters established for NR performance by the 3GPP, this paper presents the performance evaluation of NR for the main 5G scenarios and different CP-OFDM numerologies and device speeds. Results show that increasing subcarrier spacing boosts the strength of the system against intercarrier interference (ICI) caused my Doppler spread; however, to increase subcarrier spacing, the CP must be reduced proportionally, which makes intersymbol interference (ISI) and ICI caused by insufficient CP have a more predominant effect. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify the total interference of the system, in order to determine the proper numerology for each scenario, which will depend on all the factors mentioned above, and not only on the operation band, as suggested in the standardization process. All this allows concluding that the choice of the appropriate numerology for a particular system depends not only on the band of operation but also on the deployment scenario and the speed of the user equipment (UE). Likewise, it is concluded that it is even possible to use more than one numerology for the same scenario.
Successful treatment and integrated genomic analysis of an infant with FIP1L1-RARA fusion–associated myeloid neoplasm (2021)

FIP1L1-RARA-a ssociated neoplasm is a very rare and aggressive disease, with only 3 previously reported cases in the literature. Here, we describe a 9-month-old boy who presented with a FIP1L1-RARA fusion-associated myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm-like overlap syndrome, with similarities and distinct features to both acute promyelocytic leukemia and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia. Using a combined approach of chemotherapy, differentiating agents, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT), this patient remains in remission 20 months after allo-HCT. To our knowledge, this is only the second published pediatric case involving this condition and the only case with a favorable long-term outcome. Given the aggressive disease described in the previously published case report, as well as the successful treatment course described, the combinatorial use of chemotherapy, differentiation therapy, and allo-HCT for treatment of FIP1L1-RARA fusion-associated myeloid neoplasms should be considered.
Supplemental Table S1 from The Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Imatinib Augments Extracellular Fluid Exchange and Reduces Average Collagen Fibril Diameter in Experimental Carcinoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Summary of real-time PCR results. Table showing expression levels of selected genes&lt;/p&gt;
Silicon single photon imaging detectors (2011)

Single-photon imaging detectors promise the ultimate in sensitivity by eliminating read noise. These devices could provide extraordinary benefits for photon-starved applications, e.g., imaging exoplanets, fast wavefront sensing, and probing the human body through transluminescence. Recent implementations are often in the form of sparse arrays that have less-than-unity fill factor. For imaging, fill factor is typically enhanced by using microlenses, at the expense of photometric and spatial information loss near the edges and corners of the pixels. Other challenges include afterpulsing and the potential for photon self-retriggering. Both effects produce spurious signal that can degrade the signal-to-noise ratio. This paper reviews development and potential application of single-photon-counting detectors, including highlights of initiatives in the Center for Detectors at the Rochester Institute of Technology and MIT Lincoln Laboratory. Current projects include single-photon-counting imaging detectors for the Thirty Meter Telescope, a future NASA terrestrial exoplanet mission, and imaging LIDAR detectors for planetary and Earth science space missions.
Active Attack Against Oblivious RAM (2018)

When a user consumes an encrypted digital content (for example video and music files), the player application accesses the secret key to decrypt the content. If the user is malicious, he can analyse the access pattern of the player application to extract the secret key efficiently. Oblivious RAMs (ORAMs) are effective solution for such threats. However, ORAMs are only effective for `passive' attackers who can observe the RAM access done by the application, but cannot alter data stored on RAM. The attacker with ability to alter data on RAM can be called `active' attackers. In this paper, we evaluate the security of ORAM schemes against active adversaries where they alter data on RAM and try to efficiently extract the secret information. We also propose countermeasures against active adversaries.
Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (AMMT) 2025 Roadmap (2025)

The mission of the Advanced Materials and Manufacturing Technologies (AMMT) program is to accelerate the development, qualification, demonstration, and deployment of advanced materials and manufacturing technologies in support of the United States (US) leadership in a broad range of nuclear energy applications. The vision of the AMMT program is the expansion of reliable and economical nuclear energy enabled by advanced materials and manufacturing technologies. Four major goals were set to realize the mission and vision of the AMMT program, including: (1) develop advanced materials and manufacturing technologies that have cross-reactor applications, (2) establish and demonstrate a rapid qualification framework that supports diverse materials and manufacturing technology needs, (3) evaluate materials performance in a range of nuclear environments, and (4) accelerate commercialization of new technologies through technology maturation. The program is designed to deliver solutions that support a wide range of reactor technologies.
Protocadherin α (PCDHA) as a novel susceptibility gene for autism (2013)

Our study provides strong genetic evidence of PCDHA as a potential candidate gene for autism.
Binocular contrast discrimination needs monocular multiplicative noise (2016)

The effects of signal and noise on contrast discrimination are difficult to separate because of a singularity in the signal-detection-theory model of two-alternative forced-choice contrast discrimination (Katkov, Tsodyks, & Sagi, 2006). In this article, we show that it is possible to eliminate the singularity by combining that model with a binocular combination model to fit monocular, dichoptic, and binocular contrast discrimination. We performed three experiments using identical stimuli to measure the perceived phase, perceived contrast, and contrast discrimination of a cyclopean sine wave. In the absence of a fixation point, we found a binocular advantage in contrast discrimination both at low contrasts (<4%), consistent with previous studies, and at high contrasts (≥34%), which has not been previously reported. However, control experiments showed no binocular advantage at high contrasts in the presence of a fixation point or for observers without accommodation. We evaluated two putative contrast-discrimination mechanisms: a nonlinear contrast transducer and multiplicative noise (MN). A binocular combination model (the DSKL model; Ding, Klein, & Levi, 2013b) was first fitted to both the perceived-phase and the perceived-contrast data sets, then combined with either the nonlinear contrast transducer or the MN mechanism to fit the contrast-discrimination data. We found that the best model combined the DSKL model with early MN. Model simulations showed that, after going through interocular suppression, the uncorrelated noise in the two eyes became anticorrelated, resulting in less binocular noise and therefore a binocular advantage in the discrimination task. Combining a nonlinear contrast transducer or MN with a binocular combination model (DSKL) provides a powerful method for evaluating the two putative contrast-discrimination mechanisms.
Tracking 3-D pulmonary tree structures (1996)

Physiological measurements like branch angles, branch lengths, branch diameters and branch cross-sectional area of the 3-D pulmonary tree structures are clinically essential in evaluating the function of normal and diseased lung and during the breathing process. In order to facilitate these measurements and study relative structural changes, the 3-D lung tree volumes are reduced to a 3-D Euclidean straight line central axis tree. The central axis tree captures the branch topology and geometric features of the tree volume. Since matching 3-D tree volumes is complex, as they change in branch topology and geometry, the authors accomplish it by designing an efficient algorithm that matches their corresponding central axis trees. The algorithm takes two binary central axis trees T/sub 1/=(V/sub 1/,E/sub 1/,W/sub 1/) and T/sub 2/=(V/sub 2/,E/sub 2/,W/sub 2/), where W/sub 1/ and W/sub 2/ are set of tuples containing geometric attributes corresponding to the nodes in T/sub 1/ and T/sub 2/, as inputs and returns the one-to-one matching function f of nodes in T/sub 1/ to T/sub 2/ that preserves the tree topology and closely matches the geometric attributes of these trees, i.e. branch points, branch lengths, and branch angles between mapped nodes of T/sub 1/ and T/sub 2/. Since the topology match alone could result in many choices of the mapping function f, the authors prune these choices by incorporating constraints on the geometric attributes of nodes in T/sub 1/ and T/sub 2/. The authors design a linear time algorithm that matches the branch topology and geometric features of T/sub 1/ and T/sub 2/. The authors' algorithm produced accurate matchings on various airway data sets of a dog lung obtained from Computed Tomography under simulated breathing conditions. T/sub 1/ and T/sub 2/ are obtained by running a two-pass central axis algorithm on the tree volumes.
Enzyme-Triggered Antifouling Coatings: Switching Bioconjugate Adsorption via Proteolytically Cleavable Interfering Domains (2016)

Protease activable antifouling coatings based on peptide-poly(ethylene glycol) conjugates are shown. The material-specific adsorption of a bioconjugate is temporarily suppressed by extending a titanium binding sequence with a proteolytically cleavable epitope and a suitable interfering domain. The adsorption of the PEG-peptide conjugates onto titanium substrates can be regained by cleaving the interfering domain with Tobacco Etch Virus protease. This activates peptide-mediated PEGylation of titanium surfaces and results in coatings that are stable against dilution and suppress nonreversible adsorption of blood protein models. Effects of branched and linear peptidic binding domains on coating stability and antifouling properties are elucidated.
TU-FG-BRB-12: Real-Time Visualization of Discrete Spot Scanning Proton Therapy Beam for Quality Assurance (2016)

Purpose: With the growing adoption of proton beam therapy there is an increasing need for effective and user-friendly tools for performing quality assurance (QA) measurements. The speed and versatility of spot-scanning proton beam (PB) therapy systems present unique challenges for traditional QA tools. To address these challenges a proof-of-concept system was developed to visualize, in real-time, the delivery of individual spots from a spot-scanning PB in order to perform QA measurements. Methods: The PB is directed toward a custom phantom with planar faces coated with a radioluminescent phosphor (Gd2O2s:Tb). As the proton beam passes through the phantom visible light is emitted from the coating and collected by a nearby CMOS camera. The images are processed to determine the locations at which the beam impinges on each face of the phantom. By so doing, the location of each beam can be determined relative to the phantom. The cameras are also used to capture images of the laser alignment system. The phantom contains x-ray fiducials so that it can be easily located with kV imagers. Using this data several quality assurance parameters can be evaluated. Results: The proof-of-concept system was able to visualize discrete PB spots with energies ranging from 70 MeV to 220 MeV. Images were obtained with integration times ranging from 20 to 0.019 milliseconds. If not limited by data transmission, this would correspond to a frame rate of 52,000 fps. Such frame rates enabled visualization of individual spots in real time. Spot locations were found to be highly correlated (R2=0.99) with the nozzle-mounted spot position monitor indicating excellent spot positioning accuracy Conclusion: The system was shown to be capable of imaging individual spots for all clinical beam energies. Future development will focus on extending the image processing software to provide automated results for a variety of QA tests.
Supplementary Table 8 from Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote Aggressive Gastric Cancer Phenotypes via Heat Shock Factor 1–Mediated Secretion of Extracellular Vesicles (2023)

&lt;p&gt;RNA-seq data of PDPN+ cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) from triple-transgenic gastric cancer mice&lt;/p&gt;
Domain Organization and Active Site Architecture of a Polyketide SynthaseC-methyltransferase (2016)

Polyketide metabolites produced by modular type I polyketide synthases (PKS) acquire their chemical diversity through the variety of catalytic domains within modules of the pathway. Methyltransferases are among the least characterized of the catalytic domains common to PKS systems. We determined the domain boundaries and characterized the activity of a PKS C-methyltransferase (C-MT) from the curacin A biosynthetic pathway. The C-MT catalyzes S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyl transfer to the α-position of β-ketoacyl substrates linked to acyl carrier protein (ACP) or a small-molecule analog but does not act on β-hydroxyacyl substrates or malonyl-ACP. Key catalytic residues conserved in both bacterial and fungal PKS C-MTs were identified in a 2 Å crystal structure and validated biochemically. Analysis of the structure and the sequences bordering the C-MT provides insight into the positioning of this domain within complete PKS modules.
Nano-graphene oxide composite for in vivo imaging (2018)

The radiochemical safety of <sup>18</sup>F-nGO-PEG was measured by a reactive oxygen species and cell viability test. The biodistribution of <sup>18</sup>F-nGO-PEG could be observed easily by PET, which suggested the significantly high sensitivity tumor uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-nGO-PEG and in a tumor bearing CT-26 mouse compared to the control. <sup>18</sup>F-nGO-PEG was applied successfully as an efficient radiotracer or drug agent in vivo using PET imaging. This article is expected to assist many researchers in the fabrication of <sup>18</sup>F-labeled graphene-based bio-conjugates with high reproducibility for applications in the biomedicine field.
Designing Musical Cyberinstruments with Body and Soul in Mind (2000)

For centuries, traditional musical instruments have been built to control specific types of sound production processes according to the same principles: their control and sound generation parts are typically tightly integrated with a solid physical interface. Current-day digital counterparts lack such requirement of physicality in their control, and very few last more than a couple of years. In this paper, we argue that the flexibility of computer music instrument designs has inhibited the development of dedicated control structures, as well as the training of musicians with associated motor skills. As a candidate solution to this problem we present SensOrg, first in a class of Cyberinstruments that we envision to be a more generic and hopefully long-lasting class of control structures for digital instruments. SensOrg is a hand controlled Cyberinstrument, sculpted from a modular assembly of input/output devices and musical software that are mapped and arranged according to essential functional characteristics of the Human-Instrument system. We discuss how the cognitive ergonomics of non-verbal performance and symbolic compositional tasks influenced the design of our hardware interface. We also sketch the design of our underlying software framework, IGMA (Interactive Gesture Mapping), which provides interactive musical functionality for improvisation, composition and performance alike.
A Valid Form of the PISQ-12, the PISQ-9, for Use in Comparative Studies of Women With and Without Pelvic Organ Prolapse and/or Urinary Incontinence (2010)

: PISQ-9 scores strongly correlate with PISQ-12 scores as well as scores of a general sexual-function questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha statistics are acceptable. The PISQ-9 can be reliably used in comparative studies assessing pelvic floor function in women with and without prolapse or incontinence.
Molecular analysis of t(15;17) genomic breakpoints in secondary acute promyelocytic leukemia arising after treatment of multiple sclerosis (2008)

Therapy-related acute promyelocytic leukemia (t-APL) with t(15;17) translocation is a well-recognized complication of cancer treatment with agents targeting topoisomerase II. However, cases are emerging after mitoxantrone therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). Analysis of 12 cases of mitoxantrone-related t-APL in MS patients revealed an altered distribution of chromosome 15 breakpoints versus de novo APL, biased toward disruption within PML intron 6 (11 of 12, 92% vs 622 of 1022, 61%: P = .035). Despite this intron spanning approximately 1 kb, breakpoints in 5 mitoxantrone-treated patients fell within an 8-bp region (1482-9) corresponding to the "hotspot" previously reported in t-APL, complicating mitoxantrone-containing breast cancer therapy. Another shared breakpoint was identified within the approximately 17-kb RARA intron 2 involving 2 t-APL cases arising after mitoxantrone treatment for MS and breast cancer, respectively. Analysis of PML and RARA genomic breakpoints in functional assays in 4 cases, including the shared RARA intron 2 breakpoint at 14 446-49, confirmed each to be preferential sites of topoisomerase IIalpha-mediated DNA cleavage in the presence of mitoxantrone. This study further supports the presence of preferential sites of DNA damage induced by mitoxantrone in PML and RARA genes that may underlie the propensity to develop this subtype of leukemia after exposure to this agent.
Somatic Mutations of the HER2 Kinase Domain in Lung Adenocarcinomas (2005)

Mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) in lung cancers predict for sensitivity to EGFR kinase inhibitors. HER2 (also known as NEU, EGFR2, or ERBB2) is a member of the EGFR family of receptor tyrosine kinases and plays important roles in the pathogenesis of certain human cancers, and mutations have recently been reported in lung cancers. We sequenced the tyrosine kinase domain of HER2 in 671 primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), 80 NSCLC cell lines, and 55 SCLCs and other neuroendocrine lung tumors as well as 85 other epithelial cancers (breast, bladder, prostate, and colorectal cancers) and compared the mutational status with clinicopathologic features and the presence of EGFR or KRAS mutations. HER2 mutations were present in 1.6% (11 of 671) of NSCLC and were absent in other types of cancers. Only one adenocarcinoma cell line (NCI-H1781) had a mutation. All HER2 mutations were in-frame insertions in exon 20 and target the identical corresponding region as did EGFR insertions. HER2 mutations were significantly more frequent in never smokers (3.2%, 8 of 248; P=0.02) and adenocarcinoma histology (2.8%, 11 of 394; P=0.003). In 394 adenocarcinoma cases, HER2 mutations preferentially targeted Oriental ethnicity (3.9%) compared with other ethnicities (0.7%), female gender (3.6%) compared with male gender (1.9%) and never smokers (4.1%) compared with smokers (1.4%). Mutations in EGFR, HER2, and KRAS genes were never present together in individual tumors and cell lines. The remarkable similarities of mutations in EGFR and HER2 genes involving tumor type and subtype, mutation type, gene location, and specific patient subpopulations targeted are unprecedented and suggest similar etiologic factors. EGFR, HER2, and KRAS mutations are mutually exclusive, suggesting different pathways to lung cancer in smokers and never smokers.
Induced plant defence and the evolution of counter-defences in herbivores (2002)

We examine how induced plant defences affect the evolution of resistance in herbivores (i.e. the ability to overcome plant defences) compared with constitutive defence strategies. Since resistance of herbivores may evolve as a result of major monogenic and/or quantitative (polygenic or gene amplification) genetic sources, and the selective pressure imposed by plant defences affects the rate of evolution of each genetic source of resistance, we incorporate both into a model of herbivore evolution. We combine Mendelian single-locus and quantitative genetic models with a logistic population growth model based on an empirical plant?herbivore system. Induced defences may delay the evolution of both quantitative and major gene resistance and thus depress herbivore population size for more than 50 herbivore generations longer than constitutive defences. This increased longevity in the effectiveness of plant defence is associated with the production of substantially less plant defence over the long term, hence maximizing the benefit to cost ratio from the plant?s perspective.
The aging lung: tissue telomere shortening in health and disease (2018)

These results show a progressive decline in telomere length with age in normal, BOS and RAS lungs. cHP, BOS and RAS lungs demonstrated shorter RTL compared to normal lungs. Lung tissue RTL does not associate with regional disease severity within the lung. Therefore, tissue RTL does not seem to fully reflect peripheral blood telomere length.
Biological Functions Driven by mRNAs Carried by Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer (2021)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes and microvesicles, are extracellular nanovesicles released by most cells. EVs play essential roles in intercellular communication <i>via</i> the transport of a large variety of lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids to recipient cells. Nucleic acids are the most commonly found molecules inside EVs, and due to their small size, microRNAs and other small RNAs are the most abundant nucleic acids. However, longer molecules, such as messenger RNAs (mRNAs), have also been found. mRNAs encapsulated within EVs have been shown to be transferred to recipient cells and translated into proteins, altering the behavior of the cells. Secretion of EVs is maintained not only through multiple normal physiological conditions but also during aberrant pathological conditions, including cancer. Recently, the mRNAs carried by EVs in cancer have attracted great interest due to their broad roles in tumor progression and microenvironmental remodeling. This review focuses on the biological functions driven by mRNAs carried in EVs in cancer, which include supporting tumor progression by activating cancer cell growth, migration, and invasion; inducing microenvironmental remodeling <i>via</i> hypoxia, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression; and promoting modulation of the microenvironment at distant sites for the generation of a premetastatic niche, collectively inducing metastasis. Furthermore, we describe the potential use of mRNAs carried by EVs as a noninvasive diagnostic tool and novel therapeutic approach.