gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Impact of On-Chip Interconnect on the Performance of 3-D Integrated Circuits With Through-Silicon Vias: Part II (2016)

3-D integration using through-silicon vias (TSVs) can decrease interconnect length and improve chip performance. In this paper, electrical links consisting of TSVs and horizontal wires are designed, fabricated, and measured to analyze TSV capacitance and link delay. Compact models for the capacitance of a TSV surrounded by variable number of ground TSVs are developed and compared with measurements. The impact of TSV placement and scaling on link performance is further analyzed. The results demonstrate that placing TSVs closer to their drivers can effectively improve the performance of 3-D integrated circuit (3-D IC) links. Moreover, link delay is significantly improved by scaling TSV geometry to the point that 3-D IC links become on-chip wire limited.
Detection of Frequency Modulated Signals (2016)

Although there is no theoretical base, the frequency obtained from the amplitude and phase comparison methods derived for CW signals can improve the frequency accuracy on a chirp signal. These phenomena are shown through simulations.It is relatively difficult to detect a chirp signal without information on the chirp rate. It appears that the most efficient approach is to sum the maximum from every frame. The sensitivity obtained is about 3.4 dB worse than for a CW signal. The detection approaches through difference frequency produce lower sensitivity than the maximum summation method. However, once a signal is detected, the difference frequency will be within a certain range, and this can be considered as an additional requirement on the detection, decreasing the detection sensitivity.
Prevalence and causes of vision loss in Latin America and the Caribbean: 1990–2010 (2014)

While models suggest a decrease in age-standardised prevalence estimates, better data are needed to evaluate the disparities in the region. The increasing numbers of older people, coupled with the increase in vision loss associated with older age, will require further intervention to continue to reduce prevalence rates and to prevent a rise in absolute numbers of blind.
Controlling the Polymer Microstructure of Biodegradable Polyhydroxyalkanoates (2002)

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biodegradable polyesters produced by many bacterial species. They are a natural part of the renewable carbon life cycle and are a sustainable source of plastics into the future. PHA production, however, cost about ten times as much as petroleum-derived thermoplastics. The value of the polymers can be increased by controlling the polymer's microstructure. By changing what substrates are available to the bacteria during polymer synthesis, different compositions of PHA can be synthesized. This technique can be used to synthesize core and shell latexes, giving specific properties to film and coatings. Additionally, alternating substrates at a faster rate can be used to synthesize different polymers within an individual polymer chain, thereby producing block copolymers. Block copolymers have uses as blend compatibilizers and thermoplastic elastomers. Producing PHAs with controlled microstructures gives control of the physical properties and allows for the production of high value polymers.
Compact silicon nitride interferometers (2023)

We demonstrate a compact silicon nitride interferometer which uses waveguides with the same length and different effective indices instead of similar effective indices and different lengths. In such structures there is no need to have waveguide bends. This not only reduces losses but also results in an order of magnitude smaller footprint and thus enables much higher integration densities. We also study the tunability of this interferometer using thermo-optical effects induced by a simple aluminum heater and show that thermal tuning can compensate for the effects of fabrication variations on the spectral response. The application of the proposed design in a tunable mirror is also briefly discussed.
Donor Haplotype B of NK KIR Receptor Reduces the Relapse Risk in HLA-Identical Sibling Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation of AML Patients (2014)

Successful allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) depends not only on good HLA match but also on T-cell mediated graft-versus-leukemia (GvL) effect. Natural killer (NK) cells are able to kill malignant cells by receiving activation signal from the killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIR) recognizing HLA molecules on a cancer cell. It has been recently reported that the risk of relapse in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is reduced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients whose donors have several activating KIR genes or KIR B-motifs in unrelated donor setting, obviously due to enhanced GvL effect by NK cells. We studied the effect on relapse rate of donor KIR haplotypes in the HLA-identical adult sibling HSCT, done in a single center, in Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland. Altogether, 134 patients with 6 different diagnoses were identified. Their donors were KIR genotyped using the Luminex and the SSP techniques. The clinical endpoint, that is, occurrence of relapse, was compared with the presence or absence of single KIR genes. Also, time from transplantation to relapse was analyzed. The patients with AML whose donors have KIR2DL2 or KIR2DS2 had statistically significantly longer relapse-free survival (P = 0.015). Our data support previous reports that donors with KIR B-haplotype defining genes have a lower occurrence of relapse in HSCT of AML patients. Determination of donor KIR haplotypes could be a useful addition for a risk assessment of HSCT especially in AML patients.
Nanostructured cobalt phthalocyanine single-walled carbon nanotube platform: electron transport and electrocatalytic activity on epinephrine (2008)

The fabrication, characterization and application of edge-plane pyrolytic graphite electrode modified with acid-functionalized single-walled carbon nanotubes, nanostructured cobalt phthalocyanine and a mixture of both, towards epinephrine detection and analysis are described. The morphological features of the films were evaluated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Electrochemistry of these electrodes in [ Fe ( CN ) 6 ] 3−/4− using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy showed higher peak current responses with accompanying low electron-transfer resistances in comparison to the bare electrode. The edge-plane pyrolytic graphite-single-walled carbon nanotubes-nanostructured cobalt phthalocyanine electrode exhibited good electrocatalytic activity towards epinephrine oxidation with enhanced peak currents. Analytical studies using edge-plane pyrolytic graphite-single-walled carbon nanotubes-nanostructured cobalt phthalocyanine electrode proved that the electrode is suitable for sensitivity determination of epinephrine in pH 5 conditions judging from the good sensitivity (8.71 ± 0.31 A.M −1 ), and limit of detection (0.04 µM) and quantification (1.31 µM) obtained. Determination of EP in the absence and presence of ascorbic acid in phosphate buffer pH 5 conditions was carried out and it was established that the presence of AA did not interfere in EP analysis. Rotating disk electrode experiments proved that the catalytic rate constant was 2.28 × 10 16 mM −1 .s −1 .
Corneal Neurotization from the Supratrochlear Nerve with Sural Nerve Grafts (2015)

Corneal anesthesia is a debilitating condition which can ultimately lead to blindness from repetitive corneal injury and scarring. We have developed a minimally invasive technique for corneal re-innervation that we have used with excellent results in ten eyes. This article and accompanying video describes the relevant anatomy and demonstrates the technique in detail.
Adaptive time-frequency transform (1993)

A matching pursuit decomposes any signal into a linear expansion of waveforms that belong to a dictionary of functions. These waveforms are selected in order to best match the signal structures. For dictionaries of functions that have a wide range of different time-frequency localizations, a matching pursuit yields an adaptive time-frequency transform. The authors derive a signal energy distribution in the time-frequency plane which does not include interference terms, unlike Wigner and Cohen class distributions. Signal components that are coherent with respect to the dictionary can be extracted. It is shown that time-frequency dictionaries yield adaptive decompositions where signal structures are represented by Gabor functions that match their time-frequency signature. The properties of the signal components are explicitly given by the scale, frequency, time, and phase indexes of the selected Gabor functions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Coaxial visible and FIR camera system with accurate geometric calibration (2017)

A far-infrared (FIR) image contains important invisible information for various applications such as night vision and fire detection, while a visible image includes colors and textures in a scene. We present a coaxial visible and FIR camera system accompanied to obtain the complementary information of both images simultaneously. The proposed camera system is composed of three parts: a visible camera, a FIR camera, and a beam-splitter made from silicon. The FIR radiation from the scene is reflected at the beam-splitter, while the visible radiation is transmitted through this beam-splitter. Even if we use this coaxial visible and FIR camera system, the alignment between the visible and FIR images are not perfect. Therefore, we also present the joint calibration method which can simultaneously estimate accurate geometric parameters of both cameras, i.e. the intrinsic parameters of both cameras and the extrinsic parameters between both cameras. In the proposed calibration method, we use a novel calibration target which has a two-layer structure where thermal emission property of each layer is different. By using the proposed calibration target, we can stably and precisely obtain the corresponding points of the checker pattern in the calibration target from both the visible and the FIR images. Widely used calibration tools can accurately estimate both camera parameters. We can obtain aligned visible and FIR images by the coaxial camera system with precise calibration using two-layer calibration target. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed camera system is useful for various applications such as image fusion, image denoising, and image up-sampling.
META-CLASSIFICATION FOR VARIABLE STARS (2016)

ABSTRACT The need for the development of automatic tools to explore astronomical databases has been recognized since the inception of CCDs and modern computers. Astronomers already have developed solutions to tackle several science problems, such as automatic classification of stellar objects, outlier detection, and globular clusters identification, among others. New scientific problems emerge, and it is critical to be able to reuse the models learned before, without rebuilding everything from the beginning when the sciencientific problem changes. In this paper, we propose a new meta-model that automatically integrates existing classification models of variable stars. The proposed meta-model incorporates existing models that are trained in a different context, answering different questions and using different representations of data. A conventional mixture of expert algorithms in machine learning literature cannot be used since each expert (model) uses different inputs. We also consider the computational complexity of the model by using the most expensive models only when it is necessary. We test our model with EROS-2 and MACHO data sets, and we show that we solve most of the classification challenges only by training a meta-model to learn how to integrate the previous experts.
A NiII–WV(CN)8 layer magnet showing metamagnetic behavior (2023)

Abstract By crystal engineering of molecular magnets, unique magnetic functionalities can be intentionally designed. In this work, we synthesized a novel two-dimensional cyanido-bridged coordination network, [Ni II (pz) 4 ]{[Ni II (pz) 3 ][W V (CN) 8 ]} 2 ·3.5H 2 O ( NiW , pz = pyrazole), which exhibits metamagnetic behavior. NiW has wavy coordination layers created by two differently sized molecular square ladders and exhibits strong intralayer ferromagnetic interactions. Nevertheless, due to the relatively short interlayer distance, NiW shows spontaneous antiferromagnetic ordering below a Néel temperature of 21 K. By applying an external magnetic field, such antiferromagnet can be converted into a ferromagnet with a coercive field of 600 Oe at 2 K, elucidating the metamagnetic behavior of NiW .
Computer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 12. pKa predictions for organic compounds in Me2SO (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer-assisted mechanistic evaluation of organic reactions. 12. pKa predictions for organic compounds in Me2SOAlan J. Gushurst and William L. JorgensenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 18, 3513–3522Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00368a023RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Fast generation of result snippets in web search (2007)

The presentation of query biased document snippets as part of results pages presented by search engines has become an expectation of search engine users. In this paper we explore the algorithms and data structures required as part of a search engine to allow efficient generation of query biased snippets. We begin by proposing and analysing a document compression method that reduces snippet generation time by 58% over a baseline using the zlib compression library. These experiments reveal that finding documents on secondary storage dominates the total cost of generating snippets, and so caching documents in RAM is essential for a fast snippet generation process. Using simulation, we examine snippet generation performance for different size RAM caches. Finally we propose and analyse document reordering and compaction, revealing a scheme that increases the number of document cache hits with only a marginal affect on snippet quality. This scheme effectively doubles the number of documents that can fit in a fixed size cache.
Solution to the problems of acellular hemoglobins by encapsulation and the intrinsic issues of hemoglobin vesicles as a molecular assembly (2007)

SUMMARY Hemoglobin vesicles (HbV), or liposome‐encapsulated hemoglobins, are developed as artificial oxygen carriers for the use as a transfusion alternative. The safety and efficacy of HbV have been clarified in detail: HbV can overcome the side effects of hemoglobin (Hb) molecules (stroma‐free, and intra‐ or intermolecularly crosslinked) such as vasoconstriction, hypertension and possible vascular damage induced by direct contact of the vascular surface with Hb. On the other hand, intrinsic issues related to the suspension of HbV as a molecular assembly have to be considered: blood compatibility, structural and dispersion stabilities of the vesicles, and the requirement of prompt degradation in the reticuloendothelial system. Having overcome these issues, the results make us confident in advancing further development of HbV. Easy manipulation of physicochemical parameters of HbV provides possibilities for various clinical applications in addition to their use as a transfusion alternative.
Leveraging Multi-Source Weak Social Supervision for Early Detection of Fake News (2020)

Social media has greatly enabled people to participate in online activities at an unprecedented rate. However, this unrestricted access also exacerbates the spread of misinformation and fake news online which might cause confusion and chaos unless being detected early for its mitigation. Given the rapidly evolving nature of news events and the limited amount of annotated data, state-of-the-art systems on fake news detection face challenges due to the lack of large numbers of annotated training instances that are hard to come by for early detection. In this work, we exploit multiple weak signals from different sources given by user and content engagements (referred to as weak social supervision), and their complementary utilities to detect fake news. We jointly leverage the limited amount of clean data along with weak signals from social engagements to train deep neural networks in a meta-learning framework to estimate the quality of different weak instances. Experiments on realworld datasets demonstrate that the proposed framework outperforms state-of-the-art baselines for early detection of fake news without using any user engagements at prediction time.
Flexible Thermoelectric Generators with Ultrahigh Output Power Enabled by Magnetic Field–Aligned Metallic Nanowires (2018)

Abstract Emerging organic–inorganic thermoelectric nanocomposites (TENCs) are promising candidates for the realization of high‐performance flexible thermoelectric generators (TEGs), yet there is an absence of effective means to precisely regulate the film morphology of TENCs. Here, the use of a magnetic field to improve thermoelectric performance of solution fabricated n‐type metallic TENCs is reported. Of particular relevance is that the magnetic field gives rise to aligned Co nanowires (NWs) within a poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) matrix. Such oriented TENCs exhibit significantly increased electrical conductivity in comparison to identical nanocomposites that are randomly oriented. As a result, the best power factor of oriented Co NWs (80 wt%)/PVDF TENCs reaches 523 µW m −1 K −2 at 320 K, which is among the highest reported n‐type TENCs. By pairing these n‐type TENCs with benchmark p‐type poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) thin films, the fabrication of flexible and planar TEGs that yield a maximum output voltage and power of 26.4 mV and 5.2 µW when ∆ T = 50 K, respectively, is reported.
Detection of Photomixing Signals With a YBCO Josephson Junction Coupled to a Coplanar Waveguide (2007)

We have fabricated a generation and detection system of photomixing signals using a photomixing technique and a Josephson junction detector. Up to now, an electromagnetic wave generated by a heterodyne mixing of two lasers was emitted from an antenna, and irradiated to a Josephson junction. In this study, we have developed the system, and the photomixing signal was introduced into a coaxial cable and a coplanar wave guide coupled to a Josephson junction. This structure is more suitable for device application since it can easily be integrated into electronic devices. With this system we can clearly observed photomixing signals from 16 GHz to 95 GHz using a uni-traveling-carrier photodiode as a photomixer as well as signals in the range of 14 GHz to 50 GHz using an InGaAs PIN photodiode.
Surface control alloy substrates and methods of manufacture therefor (2023)

Methods and articles for controlling the surface of an alloy substrate for deposition of an epitaxial layer. The invention includes the use of an intermediate layer to stabilize the substrate surface against oxidation for subsequent deposition of an epitaxial layer.
An ultrasound study of immunochemical systems (2003)

The specific increment of ultrasound velocity in aqueous solutions of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and their fragments, extracted from different mammals, was measured. The changes in the acoustic characteristics of solutions during antigen-antibody reactions were investigated. It was shown that the formation of an immune complex in the insulin-antibody reaction leads to a substantial increase in the ultrasound velocity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Perspectives for the development of human papillomavirus vaccines and immunotherapy (2009)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and is responsible for 90-99% of cervical cancer (CxCa) cases. Although effective screening programs have reduced the incidence of CxCa in developed countries, they are often not well organized. Prophylactic vaccination against HPV seems to be a good strategy for the prevention of CxCa. However, because millions of women are already infected with HPV, therapeutic HPV vaccines need to be developed further to treat these women. This review discusses the actual perspectives on both HPV vaccines and immunotherapy worldwide. In addition, some of the perspectives in France are also briefly discussed.
The prognostic relevance of estimates of proliferative activity in early breast cancer (2003)

High MIB-1 estimates did not add independent prognostic information at diagnosis when evaluated together with classical prognostic markers of early breast cancer.
Role of CD40 antigen and interleukin‐2 in T cell‐dependent human B lymphocyte growth (1994)

In the present study, we examined the participation of CD40 ligand (L)-CD40 interaction in T cell-dependent B cell responses. To this end, purified B lymphocytes were cultured over irradiated CD4+ cloned T cells activated with immobilized anti-CD3 antibody. The anti-CD40 mAb 89 strongly blocked, in a specific fashion, both proliferation and Ig secretion of tonsil B cells. Interestingly, proliferation of surface (s)IgD+ B cell was significantly less inhibited by anti-CD40 than that of sIgD- cells. Preactivated T cells induced B cells to grow and secrete immunoglobulins preferentially in response to IL-2. This contrasts with the CD40 system where B cells are essentially responsive to IL-4 and IL-10 but not to IL-2 alone. Collectively, these data indicate that CD40L-CD40 interaction plays an important role in IL-2 mediated T cell-dependent B cell responses. However, the activation of a subset of sIgD+ cells may be independent of this interaction.
Central Circuits Promoting Chronification of Migraine (2017)

The clinical and preclinical studies suggest that repeated episodic migraine, and medications used to acutely treat migraine, promote dysfunction in central pain modulation, to establish or maintain a “pain memory” that may lead to migraine chronification. This chapter reviews the role of central pain modulatory circuits that may promote the pain associated with migraine, and how these circuits may be influenced by overuse of abortive medications, possibly resulting in medication overuse headache (MOH). It then suggests that adaptations within central descending painmodulatory circuits amplify signals from the periphery promoting chronification of migraine. The chapter also reviews human data assessing conditioned pain modulation (CPM) responses in migraineurs, and in patients with MOH, and complement the interpretation of these findings with data from mechanistic investigations in preclinical models. It further discusses successful pharmacological treatment of migraine. Acute treatment of migraine commonly relies on the use of over-the-counter (OTC) pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, and naproxen.