gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Bile Salt‐Stimulated Lipase‐Treated Triglycerides and Free Fatty Acids on Extracellular Stages of Eimeria tenella (1989)

Normal human milk (NHM) has antiprotozoal activity unrelated to immunological components; this activity extends to sporozoites of Eimeria tenella. This activity may be due to free fatty acids (FFA) enzymatically hydrolyzed from triacyl glycerols by a bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL) found in NHM. Sporozoites were therefore incubated in the presence of several saturated and unsaturated FFA. Anticoccidial activity was observed for many unsaturated fatty acids and for some saturated fatty acids. In addition, sporozoites were added to solutions of triglycerides (trilinolein, triolein and trilinolenin) preincubated with BSSL and sodium cholate, which resulted in killing of the parasites. Triglycerides alone showed no anticoccidial activity. These results were duplicated with first generation merozoites. Intracellular stages of E. tenella were affected by FFA only at concentrations that inhibited host cells.
Synthesis and Bioactivities of Poly N-Arenely-N’- (1,4-Butenelydioxycarbonyl)thioureas (2012)

Four novel poly N-Arenely-N’-(1,4-butenelydioxycarbonyl)thioureas (3a~d) were synthesized by the reaction of aryldiamines with 1,4-butenlydioxycarbonyl diisothiocyanate. Their structures were characterized by IR spectra and gel permeation chromatography(GPC). The preliminary biological activity tests showed that some compounds display effect in growth regulation of plants and fungicidal activity to some extent. The compound 3a has excellent effect in growth regulation of plants, and its promotion ratio to Oryza sativa L.(rice) is 64.8% in dosage of 80 mg/L, its inhibition ratio to Echinochloa crus-galli L.(barnyard grass) is 83.2% in dosage of 60 mg/L. The antibacterial tests indicated that the title compounds have poor fungicidal activities using Gibberella zeae, Fusarium oxysporium, Magnaporthe oryzae, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum as target fungi, but only did the compound 3a have a comparatively well antifungal activities against F. oxysporium and S. Sclerotiorum, and its inhibition ratios are 38.8% and 30.9% at 100mg/L, respectively.
Optical properties and evaluation of localized level in gap of In-Ga-Zn-O thin film (2012)

Recent studies have shown that an indium gallium zinc oxide (In-Ga-Zn-O: IGZO) thin film is affected by light irradiation in a variety of ways. Such photoresponse properties are considered to result from deep defect levels in the band gap of IGZO, and the defect levels need to be reduced in order to improve the reliability of IGZO. The deep defect levels were measured by low-temperature photoluminescence (low-temperature PL) and a constant photocurrent method (CPM), and the density of states was determined by CPM. As a result, the density of states of the manufactured IGZO film is sufficiently reduced. In addition, an IGZO-FET manufactured through a similar process has sufficient stability against light.
Fabrication of patterned media for high density magnetic storage (1999)

Arrays of discrete, lithographically patterned magnetic elements have been proposed as a new generation of ultrahigh density patterned magnetic storage media. Interferometric lithography has been used to make prototype arrays over large areas with periods of 100–200 nm. Arrays of magnetic pillars, pyramids, and dots have been made by electrodeposition, evaporation and liftoff, and etching processes, and the magnetic properties of the particles and their mutual interactions have been measured.
The Dakin-West Reaction of N-Acylprolines in the Presence of Inorganic Bases: Unexpected Formation of Enol Esters (2009)

A novel transformation of N-acylprolines (1) to enol esters (2) was realized by utilizing chlorodifluoroacetic or trifluoroacetic anhydrides in the presence of inorganic bases, in which probable intermediates were mesoionic 1,3-oxazolium-5-olates.The structure of the enol ester (2a) was determined by single crystal X-ray analysis.
17β-Estradiol Enhances NMDA Receptor-Mediated EPSPs and Long-Term Potentiation (1999)

Gonadal steroid hormones influence CNS functioning through a variety of different mechanisms. To test the hypothesis that estrogen modulates synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, in vitro hippocampal slices from 2-mo-old Sprague-Dawley male rats were used to determine the effect of 17beta-estradiol on both N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) through intracellular recordings and long-term potentiation (LTP) through extracellular recordings. Intracellular EPSPs and extracellular field EPSPs (fEPSPs) were recorded from CA1 pyramidal cells by stimulating Schaffer collateral fibers. In intracellular experiments, slices were perfused with medium containing bicuculline (5 microM) and low Mg2+ (0.1 mM) to enhance the NMDA receptor-mediated currents and 6, 7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) (10 microM) to block the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazoleproprianate (AMPA) receptor-mediated component. The effects of 17beta-estradiol on NMDA receptor-mediated activity were excitatory; concentrations >10 nM induced seizure activity, and lower concentrations (1 nM) markedly increased the amplitude of NMDA-mediated EPSPs (both the first and second responses increased during paired pulse stimulation by 180 and 197%, respectively). In extracellular experiments, slices perfused with 17beta-estradiol (100 pM) exhibited a pronounced, persisting, and significant enhancement of LTP of both the fEPSP slope (192%) and fEPSP amplitude (177%) compared with control slices (fEPSP slope = 155%; fEPSP amplitude = 156%) 30 min after high-frequency stimulation. These data demonstrate that estrogen enhances NMDA receptor-mediated currents and promotes an enhancement of LTP magnitude.
Designer Receptors for Nucleotide‐Resolution Analysis of Genomic 5‐Methylcytosine by Cellular Imaging (2020)

We report programmable receptors for the imaging-based analysis of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in user-defined DNA sequences of single cells. Using fluorescent transcription-activator-like effectors (TALEs) that can recognize sequences of canonical and epigenetic nucleobases through selective repeats, we imaged cellular SATIII DNA, the origin of nuclear stress bodies (nSB). We achieve high nucleobase selectivity of natural repeats in imaging and demonstrate universal nucleobase binding by an engineered repeat. We use TALE pairs differing in only one such repeat in co-stains to detect 5mC in SATIII sequences with nucleotide resolution independently of differences in target accessibility. Further, we directly correlate the presence of heat shock factor 1 with 5mC at its recognition sequence, revealing a potential function of 5mC in its recruitment as initial step of nSB formation. This opens a new avenue for studying 5mC functions in chromatin regulation in situ with nucleotide, locus, and cell resolution.
A six-port reflectometer with a variable test port impedance suitable for nonlinear microwave device characterization (2002)

A description is given of a six-port reflectometer with a variable test port impedance. The six-port junction was specially designed to allow the variation of the test port impedance over almost all of the Smith chart. Such a reflectometer is found suitable for active nonlinear microwave oscillator characterization such as microwave source pull/load pull oscillator measurements, and device line measurements of negative resistance one port terminal devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Smart optical waveguide sensors for cumulative damage assessment (1999)

A strain gage is being developed, based on optical modulation that is capable of gage factors on the order of 500 for stains in excess of 2000 με. The strain sensing element is a coated, hollow, glass waveguide of dimensions 0.5 mm ID×1 mm OD×100 mm long. Since the geometry is compatible with standard telecommunication optical fiber such gages it can be readily incorporated into smart system arrays for damage assessment in structures such as buildings, roads and bridges. Optical fibers bring the excitation light signal to and the response signal from the sensing element. The small diameter glass tubes act as the substrate for a multiple thin film layers which can be optimized to provide the maximum dynamic range for a predetermined strain excursion. The sensor responds to bending strain by attenuating the optical intensity of the excitation signal. The gage elements exhibit little or no hysteresis and are insensitive to temperature. Also, they are environmentally stable and are not affected by factors such as corrosion or electromagnetic fields. The preliminary experimental results will be presented for this type of strain gage system operating to 2000 με. Also, the model for the physical process will be discussed.
Millimeter‐Size Single‐Crystal Graphene by Suppressing Evaporative Loss of Cu During Low Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition (2013)

Millimeter-size single-crystal monolayer graphene is synthesized on polycrystalline Cu foil by a method that involves suppressing loss by evaporation of the Cu at high temperature under low pressure. This significantly diminishes the number of graphene domains, and large single crystal domains up to ∼2 mm in size are grown.
Heterologous expression of Brucella abortus GroEL heat-shock protein in Lactococcus lactis (2006)

We found that L. lactis is able to produce, and to secrete, a stable form of GroEL into the extracellular medium. Despite the low secretion efficiency of GroEL, which suggest that this antigen interacts with the cell envelope of L. lactis, secretion seems to be the best way to achieve both production and protein yields, regardless of cellular location. The L. lactis strain secreting GroEL has potential for in vivo immunization.
Delay Analysis for Wireless Local Area Networks with Multipacket Reception under Finite Load (2008)

To date, most analysis of WLANs has been focused on their operation under saturation condition. This work is an attempt to understand the fundamental performance of WLANs under unsaturated condition. In particular, we are interested in the delay performance when collisions of packets are resolved by an exponential backoff mechanism. Using a multiple-vacation queueing model, we derive an explicit expression for packet delay distribution, from which necessary conditions for finite mean delay and delay jitter are established. It is found that under some circumstances, mean delay and delay jitter may approach infinity even when the traffic load is way below the saturation throughput. Saturation throughput is therefore not a sound measure of WLAN capacity when the underlying applications are delay sensitive. To bridge the gap, we define safe-bounded-mean-delay (SBMD) throughput and safe-bounded-delay-jitter (SBDJ) throughput that reflect the actual network capacity users can enjoy when they require bounded mean delay and delay jitter, respectively. The analytical model in this paper is general enough to cover both single-packet reception (SPR) and multi-packet reception (MPR) WLANs, as well as carrier-sensing and non-carrier-sensing networks. We show that the SBMD and SBDJ throughputs scale super-linearly with the MPR capability of a network. Together with our earlier work that proves super-linear throughput scaling under saturation condition, our results here complete the demonstration of MPR as a powerful capacity-enhancement technique for both delay-sensitive and delay-tolerant applications.
Trans-differentiation of a duodenal phenotype on duodenal transplantation of different normal tissues in F344 rats. (2011)

The mechanisms regulating stem cell differentiation and self-renewal are largely unknown. Our ultimate goal is to be able to regulate somatic stem cell differentiation and proliferation. In the present study the ability of trans-differentiation was studied when different normal tissue types were transplanted into the duodenum in rats. Pieces of ear (skin), bladder, trachea, diaphragm, pyloric gland, and forestomach from 8-week old GFP-F344 rats were transplanted into the duodenum of F344 rats. Goblet cells with alcian-blue PAS positive mucin and brash border with alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity appeared in tissues implanted into the duodenum. In addition, GFP-positive duodenal mucosa was observed in all cases by immunohistochemical staining. Moreover, the GFP-positive cells were found to carry the GFP transgene by PCR analysis, indicating that the bladder, trachea, ear (skin), diaphragm, pyloric gland, and forestomach tissues showed a multipotential ability for differentiation. These results indicated that stem cells within tissues have a multipotential ability, trans-differentiating into different organs when transplanted into different environments.
Neutron Reflectometry Study of Surface Segregation in an Isotopic Poly(ethylenepropylene) Blend: Deviation from Mean-Field Theory (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNeutron Reflectometry Study of Surface Segregation in an Isotopic Poly(ethylenepropylene) Blend: Deviation from Mean-Field TheoryL. J. Norton, E. J. Kramer, F. S. Bates, M. D. Gehlsen, R. A. L. Jones, A. Karim, G. P. Felcher, and R. KlebCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 25, 8621–8628Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00129a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00129a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views231Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Tabletop Lensless Imaging Using Coherent High Harmonic Beams (2007)

We present the first demonstration of lensless imaging using coherent high harmonic beams. This coherent imaging technique avoids traditional diffractive optics, and is transparently extendable to shorter wavelengths without aberrations.
Site-specific incorporation of 5′-methyl DNA enhances the therapeutic profile of gapmer ASOs (2021)

We recently showed that site-specific incorporation of 2'-modifications or neutral linkages in the oligo-deoxynucleotide gap region of toxic phosphorothioate (PS) gapmer ASOs can enhance therapeutic index and safety. In this manuscript, we determined if introducing substitution at the 5'-position of deoxynucleotide monomers in the gap can also enhance therapeutic index. Introducing R- or S-configured 5'-Me DNA at positions 3 and 4 in the oligodeoxynucleotide gap enhanced the therapeutic profile of the modified ASOs suggesting a different positional preference as compared to the 2'-OMe gap modification strategy. The generality of these observations was demonstrated by evaluating R-5'-Me and R-5'-Ethyl DNA modifications in multiple ASOs targeting HDAC2, FXI and Dynamin2 mRNA in the liver. The current work adds to a growing body of evidence that small structural changes can modulate the therapeutic properties of PS ASOs and ushers a new era of chemical optimization with a focus on enhancing the therapeutic profile as opposed to nuclease stability, RNA-affinity and pharmacokinetic properties. The 5'-methyl DNA modified ASOs exhibited excellent safety and antisense activity in mice highlighting the therapeutic potential of this class of nucleic acid analogs for next generation ASO designs.
Dynamics of retinal photocoagulation and rupture (2009)

In laser retinal photocoagulation, short (<20 ms) pulses have been found to reduce thermal damage to the inner retina, decrease treatment time, and minimize pain. However, the safe therapeutic window (defined as the ratio of power for producing a rupture to that of mild coagulation) decreases with shorter exposures. To quantify the extent of retinal heating and maximize the therapeutic window, a computational model of millisecond retinal photocoagulation and rupture was developed. Optical attenuation of 532-nm laser light in ocular tissues was measured, including retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) pigmentation and cell-size variability. Threshold powers for vaporization and RPE damage were measured with pulse durations ranging from 1 to 200 ms. A finite element model of retinal heating inferred that vaporization (rupture) takes place at 180-190 degrees C. RPE damage was accurately described by the Arrhenius model with activation energy of 340 kJ/mol. Computed photocoagulation lesion width increased logarithmically with pulse duration, in agreement with histological findings. The model will allow for the optimization of beam parameters to increase the width of the therapeutic window for short exposures.
Potential therapeutic applications of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) modulators (2006)

Deorphanised in 1999 as a ligand inducible transcription factor responsive to bile acids, the farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) soon turned out not to be 'just another' member of the superfamily of nuclear receptors, but has rapidly become the object of an intense research activity. This interest is motivated by the central role played by FXR in a variety of physiological processes and pathological conditions related to the control of bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis, and to lipid and energy metabolism. Facilitated by the early availability of both steroidal and nonsteroidal FXR activators, the characterisation of the physiological role of FXR has suggested several potential therapeutic applications associated with its modulation. Some of them, related to the role of FXR as a sensor for bile acids, have already been validated in in vivo models, whereas others, such as atherosclerosis and inflammation, are still in their speculative phase but endow a lot of promises. For these reasons, despite its youthfulness, FXR is a target of great relevance for both industrial and academic research. This article will review the whole patent production related to FXR and will give a perspective look at future developments.
Exploration of the Mitsunobu Reaction with Tosyl‐ and Boc‐Hydrazones as Nucleophilic Agents. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heterogeneity and Functions of Tumor-Infiltrating Antibody Secreting Cells: Lessons from Breast, Ovarian, and Other Solid Cancers (2022)

Neglected for a long time in cancer, B cells and ASCs have recently emerged as critical actors in the tumor microenvironment, with important roles in shaping the antitumor immune response. ASCs indeed exert a major influence on tumor growth, patient survival, and response to therapies. The mechanisms underlying their pro- vs. anti-tumor roles are beginning to be elucidated, revealing the contributions of their secreted antibodies as well as of their emerging noncanonical functions. Here, concentrating mostly on ovarian and breast cancers, we summarize the current knowledge on the heterogeneity of tumor-infiltrating ASCs, we discuss their possible local or systemic origin in relation to their immunoglobulin repertoire, and we review the different mechanisms by which antibody (Ab) subclasses and isoforms differentially impact tumor cells and anti-tumor immunity. We also discuss the emerging roles of cytokines and other immune modulators produced by ASCs in cancer. Finally, we propose strategies to manipulate the tumor ASC compartment to improve cancer therapies.
Inducing endoderm differentiation by modulating mechanical properties of soft substrates (2012)

Early embryonic stem cell (ESC) differentiation is marked by the formation of three germ layers from which all tissues types arise. Conventionally, ESCs are differentiated by altering their chemical microenvironment. Recently however, it was established that a mechanical microenvironment can also contribute towards cellular phenotype commitment. In this study, we report how the cellular mechanical microenvironment of soft substrates affects the differentiation and phenotypic commitment of ESCs. Mouse ESCs were cultured in a fibrin hydrogel matrix in 2D and 3D cultures. The gelation characteristics of the substrates were modulated by systematically altering the fibrinogen concentration and the fibrinogen-thrombin crosslinking ratio. Analysis of the ESCs cultured on different substrate conditions clearly illustrated the strong influence that substrate physical characteristics assert on cellular behaviours. Specifically, it was found that ESCs had a higher proliferation rate in gels of lower stiffness. Early differentiation events were studied by analyzing the gene and protein expression levels of early germ layer markers. Our results revealed that lower substrate stiffness elicited stronger upregulation of endoderm related genes Sox17, Afp and Hnf4 compared to stiffer substrates. While both 2D and 3D cultures showed a similar response, the effects were much stronger in 3D culture. These results suggest that physical cues can be used to modulate ESC differentiation into clinically relevant tissues such as liver and pancreas.
Railing cells along 3D microelectrode tracks for continuous-flow dielectrophoretic sorting (2018)

We demonstrate a unique microfluidic device for continuous-flow cell sorting by railing target cells along physical tracks (electrode sidewalls) based on the combined effect of dielectrophoresis and hydrodynamic drag. The tracks are the raised digits of comb-like structures made of conducting bulk silicon as the electrodes. Unlike other volumetric electrodes, the structures feature a segmented sidewall profile with linear and concave segments forming the tracks and supporting columns, respectively. The interdigitated bulk electrodes lead to a built-in flow chamber in which the digits (tracks) extend downstream at a characteristic angle with respect to the flow, which runs through the passages between the columns. Target cells leaving the passages are levitated and docked against the tracks under positive dielectrophoresis and railed under hydrodynamic drag. Railing efficiency, as high as >95%, is reported against the activation voltage and flow rate for the designs 7°, 16°, and 26° as the track angles. A collection efficiency of about 86% is noted for both target (HCT116) and non-target cells (K562) in the 16° design at a sample flow rate of 8.3 μL min-1 and an activation voltage of 12.5 Vp at 200 kHz. This performance is comparable if not better than those obtained with thin-film surface microelectrodes and yet achieved here at an order of magnitude higher sample flow rate. This enhancement mainly arises from a considerably low drag along the tracks in relation to the chamber top or bottom surface where the thin-film electrodes would be typically placed.
Determining Dynamic Properties of Active Electromechanical Suspension for Rail Vehicle Performance (2001)

Determining Dynamic Properties of Active Electromechanical Suspension for Rail Vehicle Performance