gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A pseudo random coordinated scheduling algorithm for Bluetooth scatternets (2001)

The emergence of Bluetooth as a default radio interface allows handheld devices to be rapidly interconnected into ad hoc networks. Bluetooth allows large numbers of piconets to form a scatternet using designated nodes that participate in multiple piconets. A unit that participates in multiple piconets can serve as a bridge and forwards traffic between neighbouring piconets. Since a Bluetooth unit can transmit or receive in only one piconet at a time, a bridging unit has to share its time among the different piconets. To schedule communication with bridging nodes one must take into account their availability in the different piconets, which represents a difficult, scatternet wide coordination problem and can be an important performance bottleneck in buillding scatternets. In this paper we propose the Pseudo-Random Coordinated Scatternet Scheduling (PCSS) algorithm to perform the scheduling of both intra- and inter-piconet communication. In this algorithm Bluetooth nodes assign meeting points with their peers such that the sequence of meeting points follows a pseudo random process that is different for each pair of nodes. The uniqueness of the pseudo random sequence guarantees that the meeting points with different peers the node will collide only occasionally. This removes the need for explicit information exchange between peer devices, which is a major advantage of the algorithm. The lack of explicit signaling between Bluetooth nodes makes it easy to deploy the PCSS algorithm in Bluetooth devices, while conformance to the current Bluetooth specification is also maintained. To assess the performance of the algorithm we define two reference case schedulers and perform simulations in a number of scenarios where we compare the performance of PCSS to the performance of the reference schedulers
Processor parallelism considerations and memory latency reduction in shared memory multiprocessors (1992)

A wide variety of computer architectures have been proposed to exploit parallelism at different granularities. These architectures have significant differences in instruction scheduling constraints, memory latencies, and synchronization overhead, making it difficult to determine which architecture can achieve the best performance on a given program. Trace-driven simulations and analytic models are used to compare the instruction-level parallelism of a superscalar processor and a pipelined processor with the loop-level parallelism of a shared memory multiprocessor. It is shown that the maximum speedup for a loop with a cyclic dependence graph is limited by its critical dependence ratio, independent of the number of iterations in the loop. The fine-grained processors are better suited for executing these loops with cyclic dependence graphs, while the multiprocessor has better performance on the very parallel loops with acyclic dependence graphs. When executing programs with a variety of loops and sequential code, the best performance is obtained using a multiprocessor architecture in which each individual processor has a fine-grained parallelism of two to four.
A major problem with this type of shared memory multiprocessor architecture is the long latency in fetching operands from the shared memory. Private data caches are an effective means of reducing this latency, but they introduce the complexity of a cache coherence mechanism. Both hardware and software schemes have been proposed for maintaining coherence in these systems. Unfortunately, hardware schemes have very high memory requirements, and software schemes rely on imprecise compile-time memory disambiguation. A new compiler-assisted directory coherence mechanism is proposed that combines the best aspects of the hardware and software approaches while eliminating many of their disadvantages. The pointer cache directory significantly reduces the size of a hardware directory by dynamically binding pointers to cache blocks only when the blocks are actually referenced. Compiler optimizations can further reduce the size of the directory by signaling the hardware to allocate pointers only when they are needed. Detailed trace-driven simulations show that the performance of this new approach is comparable to other coherence schemes, but with significantly lower memory requirements.
Matrix fast match: a fast method for identifying a short list of candidate words for decoding (2003)

A rapid method is presented for identifying a short list of candidate words that match well with some acoustic input to serve as a fast matching stage in a large-vocabulary speech recognition system that uses hidden Markov models and maximum a posteriori decoding. Given hidden Markov models for all the words in the vocabulary the authors derive a class of algorithms that are faster than a detailed likelihood computation using these models by constructing an estimator of the likelihood. Using such an estimator they produce a list of candidate words that match well with the given acoustic input which has the property that it is guaranteed to contain the correct word in all the cases where a detailed likelihood computation would assign the maximum likelihood to that word.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Analyzing Hydration Differences in Cocrystal Polymorphs: High-Resolution X-ray Investigation of Caffeine–Glutaric Acid Cocrystals (2021)

Two polymorphic forms of caffeine (CAF)–glutaric acid (GLU) cocrystals have been studied via high-resolution X-ray crystallography and Bader’s quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM). For both the monoclinic, 1, and triclinic, 2, systems the experimental charge density distributions of the 1:1 ratio of CAF and GLU polymorphs have been determined and compared. Previous studies have determined that 1 is less stable than 2, in relative humidity (RH) testing. A topological analysis of the electron density distribution (EDD) revealed little difference between the two polymorph internal systems. The packing densities (0.76 vs 0.74) and lattice energies (−101.1 vs −107.1 kJ mol–1) of 1 and 2, respectively, are nearly equivalent, implying that the differences in hygroscopicity between the two polymorphs are not due to crystal lattice porosity or stability. A topological analysis of the number and strength of hydrogen bonds for 1 and 2 revealed nine hydrogen bonds in both polymorphs. “Classical” (O–H···X) hydrogen bonds were similarly present in both polymorphs, stabilizing the cocrystals. However, the sum of the stability produced from the “nonclassical” (C–H···X) bonds is higher in 2: −27.6 vs −38.2 kJ mol–1 for 1 and 2, respectively. One of the nine hydrogen bonds in 1 and 2 varies from the others, caused by the torsional rotation of the aliphatic carbon chain in GLU. This bond is critical for packing stabilization, creating a parallelogram-like packing arrangement in 2 in comparison to ribboning in 1. A Hirshfeld surface analysis found that the percentages of O–H···X hydrogen bonds were nearly identical in 1 and 2 (23.9% vs 22.1%); however, the H···H contacts were higher in 2 (61.4% vs 65.8% for 1 and 2, respectively), suggesting that more hydrogen-based contacts require competitive displacement by water in the hydration of 2 in comparison to 1. Additionally, a stabilizing aromatic cycle stack between CAF molecules is present in 2 due to the varied parallelogram packing arrangement, which was absent in 1; this provided ∼11.3 kJ mol–1 of stability to the system of 2. The solid-state entropies and molecular dipole moments (MDMs) of 1 and 2 supported the relative stability of the individual polymorphs, with 1 having a higher entropy and dipole moment in comparison to 2 (123.2 vs 112.8 J K–1 mol–1 and 7.45 and 4.93 D for 1 and 2, respectively), implying that it has the potential to hydrate more rapidly. These findings are in good agreement with previous experimental RH stability studies, giving further insight into the information gained from thermally averaged ground-state crystal electron density data.
Data-Driven Regularization/Extrapolation Using Interferometry with the Direct Wave (2007)

B032 Data-Driven Regularization/Extrapolation Using Interferometry with the Direct Wave A.C. Ramírez Pérez* (M-OSRP University of Houston) K. Hokstad (Statoil R&amp;D Trondheim Norway) &amp; E. Otnes (Statoil R&amp;D Trondheim Norway) SUMMARY We present a method to extrapolate and regularize data. The procedure is based on crosscorrelation of the measured field with the direct wave and it is independent of earth properties. The method is derived from Green’s theorem and in principle requires the total field and its normal derivative at the receiver locations. Hence it is well-suited for OBS data. In order to apply the method to towed streamer data certain
Identity and accountability in business-to-business e-commerce (2002)

This paper analyses the role identity services play in supporting business-to-business (B2B) e-commerce. There are many good reasons for outsourcing identity management, and current solutions address some of these such as convenience or access control at the time of a transaction
Temporal Dissection of Rate Limiting Transcriptional Events Using Pol II ChIP and RNA Analysis of Adrenergic Stress Gene Activation (2015)

In mammals, increasing evidence supports mechanisms of co-transcriptional gene regulation and the generality of genetic control subsequent to RNA polymerase II (Pol II) recruitment. In this report, we use Pol II Chromatin Immunoprecipitation to investigate relationships between the mechanistic events controlling immediate early gene (IEG) activation following stimulation of the α1a-Adrenergic Receptor expressed in rat-1 fibroblasts. We validate our Pol II ChIP assay by comparison to major transcriptional events assessable by microarray and PCR analysis of precursor and mature mRNA. Temporal analysis of Pol II density suggests that reduced proximal pausing often enhances gene expression and was essential for Nr4a3 expression. Nevertheless, for Nr4a3 and several other genes, proximal pausing delayed the time required for initiation of productive elongation, consistent with a role in ensuring transcriptional fidelity. Arrival of Pol II at the 3' cleavage site usually correlated with increased polyadenylated mRNA; however, for Nfil3 and probably Gprc5a expression was delayed and accompanied by apparent pre-mRNA degradation. Intragenic pausing not associated with polyadenylation was also found to regulate and delay Gprc5a expression. Temporal analysis of Nr4a3, Dusp5 and Nfil3 shows that transcription of native IEG genes can proceed at velocities of 3.5 to 4 kilobases/min immediately after activation. Of note, all of the genes studied here also used increased Pol II recruitment as an important regulator of expression. Nevertheless, the generality of co-transcriptional regulation during IEG activation suggests temporal and integrated analysis will often be necessary to distinguish causative from potential rate limiting mechanisms.
Estimation of Fluid Phase Composition Variation Along the Wellbore by Analyzing Passive Acoustic Logging Data (2019)

Abstract We present an approach of passive acoustic logging data interpretation to estimate wellbore fluid holdup variation along the wellbore due to the fluid inflow. The algorithm uses machine learning methods for the analysis of acoustic fields generated, in particular, by flow noise in the reservoir near wellbore zone. The method is designed using acoustic fields generated by numerical simulations. The study of simulation results shows the significant influence of wellbore resonances on acoustic field spectrograms and on intensity distributions along the wellbore. The interpretation results demonstrate that the suggested machine learning model predicts water holdup in a zone after the water inflow with high accuracy. The predictions of water holdup before the water inflow interval are less accurate because resonance characteristics are less sensitive to them. We also studied the influence of passive acoustic logging data distortion by contaminating noise on the model learning and on prediction accuracy for the developed interpretation algorithm. As expected, the estimation of water holdup before the water inflow interval is more sensitive to signal interference. The novelty of the suggested approach to passive acoustic logging data interpretation is in using resonance structures of the acoustic noise spatial frequency characteristics to locate the inflow interval and to estimate the oil and water volume fractions. The resonances contain a clear fingerprint of the fluid holdup variation in wellbore fluid, as shown by our study, and the corresponding information can be interpreted by the machine learning algorithms.
Inherently chemiluminescent compounds as new labels in clinical analysis. (1985)

This thesis describes the synthesis, the properties, and the use of organic componds which emit light upon heating to ± 200˚C, without the need for a chemical additive. These chemiluminescent compounds belong to the class of relatively very stable 1,2-dioxetanes. 1,2 -Dioxetanes are cyclic peroxides which decompose thermally into two carbonyl containing fragments. ... Zie: Summary
Modeling of Dy/sup 3+/-doped GeAsSe glass 1.3-μm optical fiber amplifiers (1998)

We present a model for optical amplification at 1.3 μm using Dy/sup 3+/ in fibers made from a low phonon energy glass, based on GeAsSe. This model uses in-band pumping at 1.28 μm, takes into account the spectral distribution of amplified spontaneous emission, and allows for bottlenecking of excited ions into the intermediate states in Dy as well as the excited state absorption (ESA) from those levels. Using data obtained from spectroscopic measurements and Judd-Ofelt calculations, our model shows that very high gain (>30 dB) is possible in short lengths (40-100 cm) of fiber. Given the very high quantum efficiency of the radiative transition in this glass, we show that bottlenecking and ESA should not have a significant impact on device performance. We also predict that devices made from this fiber should have a very high tolerance to the passive loss of the fiber.
Host Engineering for High Quantum Efficiency Blue and White Fluorescent Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes (2015)

High quantum efficiency in blue and white fluorescence organic light-emitting diodes is achieved by developing a novel device architecture with fluorescent emitters doped in a thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitter as a host material.
Frontiers of Robotic Colonoscopy: A Comprehensive Review of Robotic Colonoscopes and Technologies (2020)

Flexible colonoscopy remains the prime mean of screening for colorectal cancer (CRC) and the gold standard of all population-based screening pathways around the world. Almost 60% of CRC deaths could be prevented with screening. However, colonoscopy attendance rates are affected by discomfort, fear of pain and embarrassment or loss of control during the procedure. Moreover, the emergence and global thread of new communicable diseases might seriously affect the functioning of contemporary centres performing gastrointestinal endoscopy. Innovative solutions are needed: artificial intelligence (AI) and physical robotics will drastically contribute for the future of the healthcare services. The translation of robotic technologies from traditional surgery to minimally invasive endoscopic interventions is an emerging field, mainly challenged by the tough requirements for miniaturization. Pioneering approaches for robotic colonoscopy have been reported in the nineties, with the appearance of inchworm-like devices. Since then, robotic colonoscopes with assistive functionalities have become commercially available. Research prototypes promise enhanced accessibility and flexibility for future therapeutic interventions, even via autonomous or robotic-assisted agents, such as robotic capsules. Furthermore, the pairing of such endoscopic systems with AI-enabled image analysis and recognition methods promises enhanced diagnostic yield. By assembling a multidisciplinary team of engineers and endoscopists, the paper aims to provide a contemporary and highly-pictorial critical review for robotic colonoscopes, hence providing clinicians and researchers with a glimpse of the major changes and challenges that lie ahead.
Treating Irrigation Water Using High-Performance Membranes for Monovalent Selective Electrodialysis (2020)

The most common desalination technology for treating brackish irrigation water is reverse osmosis (RO). RO yields product waters low in monovalent ions that are harmful to crops (Na+ and Cl–) and in divalent ions that encourage crop growth (Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42–). Fertilizer or divalent-rich brackish water must be mixed with the desalinated water to reintroduce these nutrients. Monovalent selective electrodialysis (MSED) provides an alternative to RO that selectively extracts monovalent ions while retaining divalent ions. This paper investigates the monovalent selectivity and potential of the new cost-effective Fujifilm MSED membranes to treat brackish source water in greenhouses, with a comparison to the widely used Neosepta MSED membranes. Thirteen groundwater compositions serve as feedwater to an MSED experimental setup to characterize membrane selectivity, ion transport, limiting current, and membrane resistance. The Fujifilm membranes demonstrate notable selectivity for all compositions. On average, they remove six sodium ions, compared to Neosepta’s four, for every calcium ion and 13 sodium ions, compared to Neosepta’s seven, for every magnesium ion, while their bench-scale cost is 68% lower than that of the Neosepta membranes. The Fujifilm selectivity values are used to calculate annual fertilizer savings of MSED relative to RO, which average $4995/ha for 6000 brackish groundwaters across the United States.
Heteroepitaxial film crystal silicon on Al2O3 for solar cells on cube-textured metal foil (2011)

Crystal silicon is an excellent photovoltaic (PV) semiconductor: silicon is abundant, environmentally benign, capable of high solar conversion efficiencies, and profits from an unparalleled scientific knowledge base. However, the energy-intensive, inefficient and expensive processes that turn sand into a crystal silicon (c-Si) wafer account for more than half of today s Si PV module costs. Because the peak flux of solar energy on Earth is only about 1 kW/m2, large areas must be covered with inexpensive PV to provide for TW-scale electrical power needs. To circumvent the costly wafer fabrication step, it would be ideal to grow 2-20 micron thick PV-quality silicon absorber layers directly from silane gas onto inexpensive substrates at temperatures below 800 C.
31P NMR Kinetic Studies of Alkylation Chemistry of N,N′-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)Phosphordiamidic Acid and Its Congeners (1990)

Abstract Ifosfmide (I), like isomeric cyclophosphmide, belongs to the most eZfective anticancer drugs currently in clinically therapeutic use. It has been demonstrated that I require metabolic activation to exert its cytotoxic activity.
Study of luminescent centers in ZnO nanorods catalytically grown on 4H-p-SiC (2009)

High-quality ZnO nanorods (NRs) were grown by the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) technique on 4H-p-SiC substrates. Heterojunction light emitting diodes (LEDs) were fabricated. Electrical characterization including deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) complemented by photoluminescence (PL) is used to characterize the heterojunction LEDs. In contrast to previously published results on n-ZnO thin films on p-SiC, we found that the dominant emission is originating from the ZnO NRs. Three luminescence lines have been observed; these are associated with blue (465 nm) and violet (446 nm) emission lines from ZnO NRs emitted by direct transition/recombination of carriers from the conduction band to a zinc vacancy (V-Zn) radiative center and from a zinc interstitial (Zn-i) radiative center to the valance band. The third green-yellow (575 nm) spectral line is emitted due to a transition of carriers from Zn-i to V-Zn. The superposition of these lines led to the observation of strong white light which appears as a wide band in the room temperature PL.
Generating Compact Tree Ensembles via Annealing (2020)

Tree ensembles are flexible predictive models that can capture relevant variables and to some extent their interactions in a compact and interpretable manner. Most algorithms for obtaining tree ensembles are based on versions of boosting or Random Forest. Previous work showed that boosting algorithms exhibit a cyclic behavior of selecting the same tree again and again due to the way the loss is optimized. At the same time, Random Forest is not based on loss optimization and obtains a more complex and less interpretable model. In this paper we present a novel method for obtaining compact tree ensembles by growing a large pool of trees in parallel with many independent boosting threads and then selecting a small subset and updating their leaf weights by loss optimization. We allow for the trees in the initial pool to have different depths which further helps with generalization. Experiments on real datasets show that the obtained model has usually a smaller loss than boosting, which is also reflected in a lower misclassification error on the test set.
Solid state lasers for wide-field CARS microscopy (2009)

We discuss the requirements for laser systems used in Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering (CARS) microscopy and particularly in its wide-field modification. While such laser parameters as wavelength, spectral width and frequency difference between pump and Stokes beams are similar for all CARS systems, requirements for pulse energy, repetition rate, pulse length and mode structure might be significantly different for scanning and wide-field approaches. We will present results obtained with a wide-field CARS microscope with non-phase matching illumination and compare its performance with other CARS microscopes. Objectives for the design of future laser systems for CARS microscopy will be outlined.
Improved Localization Accuracy by LocNet for Faster R-CNN Based Text Detection (2017)

Although Faster R-CNN based approaches have achieved promising results for text detection, their localization accuracy is not satisfactory in certain cases. In this paper, we propose to use a LocNet to improve the localization accuracy of a Faster R-CNN based text detector. Given a proposal generated by region proposal network (RPN), instead of predicting directly the bounding box coordinates of the concerned text instance, the proposal is enlarged to create a search region so that conditional probabilities to each row and column of this search region can be assigned, which are then used to infer accurately the concerned bounding box. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed approach boosts the localization accuracy for Faster R-CNN based text detection significantly. Consequently, our new text detector has achieved superior performance on ICDAR-2011, ICDAR-2013 and MULTILIGUL text detection benchmark tasks.
Rib Fracture Prediction Using Finite Element Modeling: A Sensitivity Analysis of the Effects of Failure Strain Selection (2004)

Finite element models of the thorax are used to design restraint systems by predicting rib fractures. This study presents a sensitivity analysis of the effect of ultimate strain criteria on the resulting number of rib fractures in a finite element model of the thorax. Plastic failure strain values from 0.6% to 1.8% were used, with impacts from a 23.4 kg blunt impactor using frontal (4.9 m/s) and lateral (5.16 m/s) loading. For both impacts, fractures generally decrease monotonically with increasing failure strain when material properties vary by location, while uniform material properties cause rib fracture numbers to oscillate. For the covering abstract see ITRD E141807.