gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intranasal Immunization with Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccines Protects Mice against Invasive Pneumococcal Infections (1999)

Host defenses against Streptococcus pneumoniae depend largely on opsonophagocytosis mediated by antibodies and complement. Since pneumococcus is a respiratory pathogen, mucosal immune responses may play a significant role in the defense against pneumococcal infections. Thus, mucosal vaccination may be an alternative approach to current immunization strategies, but effective adjuvants are required. Protein antigens induce significant mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and systemic IgG responses when administered intranasally (i. n.) with the glyceride-polysorbate based adjuvant RhinoVax (RV) both in experimental animals and humans. The immunogenicity and efficacy of pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate vaccines (PNC) of serotypes 1 and 3 was studied in mice after i.n. immunization with RV. Antibodies were measured in serum (IgM, IgG, and IgA) and saliva (IgA) and compared to antibody titers induced by parenteral immunization. The PNCs induced significant systemic IgG and IgA antibodies after i.n. immunization only when given with RV and, for serotype 1, serum IgG titers were comparable to titers induced by subcutaneous immunization. In addition, i.n. immunization with PNC-1 in RV elicited detectable mucosal IgA. These results demonstrate that RV is a potent mucosal adjuvant for polysaccharides conjugated to proteins. A majority of the PNC-1-immunized mice were protected against both bacteremia and pneumonia after i.n. challenge with a lethal dose of serotype 1 pneumococci, and protection correlated significantly with the serum IgG titers. Similarly, the survival of mice immunized i.n. with PNC-3 in RV was significantly prolonged. These results indicate that mucosal vaccination with PNC and adjuvants may be an alternative strategy for prevention against pneumococcal infections.
Introduction (2012)

Systems biology has been brought to the forefront of life-science-based research and development. The need for systems analysis is made apparent by the inability of focused studies to explain whole network, cell, or organism behavior, and the availability of component data is what is fueling and enabling the effort. This massive amount of experimental information is a reflection of the complex molecular networks that underlie cellular functions. Reconstructed networks represent a common denominator in systems biology. They are used for data interpretation, comparing organism capabilities, and as the basis for computing their functional states. The companion book [89] details the topological features and assessment of functional states of biochemical reaction networks and how these features are represented by the stoichiometric matrix. In this book, we turn our attention to the kinetic properties of the reactions that make up a network. We will focus on the formulation of dynamic simulators and how they are used to generate and study the dynamic states of biological networks.
200mm Silicon photonic platform suitable for high performance computing applications (2016)

A new silicon photonic platform on 310nm thick SOI wafers is presented. Process and layout optimizations for P-i-N ring modulators are described.
An Experimental Study of Priority Queues in External Memory (1999)

this paper we show that this hierarchical approach offers some advantages over the tree-based data structures which make it appealing also in practice.
Micro cryogenic coolers for IR imaging (2011)

Joule-Thomson micro cryogenic coolers (MCCs) are a preferred approach for small and low power cryocoolers. With the same heat lift, MCC's power input can be only 1/10 of a thermoelectric cooler's input, and MCC's size can be only 1/10 of a Stirling cooler's size. With futuristic planar MCC and with high frequency MEMS compressors to be developed, its size can be reduced another order of magnitude. Such "invisible" cryocoolers may revolutionize future IR imaging systems. We will review our studies on the feasibility of MCC with an emphasis on: 1) high thermal isolation levels reaching 89,000 K/W; 2) custom-designed gas mixtures with refrigeration capabilities increased by 10X and pressure ratio reduced to only 4:1; 3) compressors with low pressure ratios; and 4) excellent scalability for further size reduction.
Circulating messenger RNA variants as a potential biomarker for surveillance of hepatocellular carcinoma (2022)

The variant calling on all RNA samples enabled the detection of 5.2 million SNPs, 0.91 million insertions and 0.81 million deletions. RNAseq analyses in tumors, normal liver tissue, plasma, and plasma derived EVs led to the detection of 5480 high-risk tumor specific mRNA variants in the circulation of HCC patients. These variants are concurrently detected in tumors and plasma samples or tumors and EVs from HCC patients, but none of these were detected in normal liver, plasma of LC patients or normal healthy individuals. Our results demonstrate selective detection of concordant high-risk HCC-specific mRNA variants in free plasma, plasma derived EVs and tumors of HCC patients. The variants comprise of splicing, frameshift, fusion and single nucleotide alterations and correspond to cancer and tumor metabolism pathways. Detection of these high-risk variants in matching specimens from same subjects with an enrichment in circulating EVs is remarkable. Validation of these HCC selective ctmRNA variants in larger patient cohorts is likely to identify a predictive set of ctmRNA with high diagnostic performance and thus offer a novel non-invasive serology-based biomarker for HCC.
Wide-Energy-Gap Electron-Transport Materials Containing 3,5-Dipyridylphenyl Moieties for an Ultra High Efficiency Blue Organic Light-Emitting Device (2008)

An ultra high efficiency blue organic light-emitting device using wide-energy-gap electron-transport material containing 3,5-dipyridylphenyl moieties and blue phosphorescent emitter, FIrpic, was developed. The optimized device showed extremely high power efficiencies of 56 lm/W (53 cd/A) at 100 cd/m2 and 42 lm/W (46 cd/A) at 1000 cd/m2 without light outcoupling enhancement.
The MouseAireGene: Comparative Genomic Sequencing, Gene Organization, and Expression (1999)

Mutations in the human AIRE gene (hAIRE) result in the development of an autoimmune disease named APECED (autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy; OMIM 240300). Previously, we have cloned hAIRE and shown that it codes for a putative transcription-associated factor. Here we report the cloning and characterization of Aire, the murine ortholog of hAIRE. Comparative genomic sequencing revealed that the structure of the AIRE gene is highly conserved between human and mouse. The conceptual proteins share 73% homology and feature the same typical functional domains in both species. RT-PCR analysis detected three splice variant isoforms in various mouse tissues, and interestingly one isoform was conserved in human, suggesting potential biological relevance of this product. In situ hybridization on mouse and human histological sections showed that AIRE expression pattern was mainly restricted to a few cells in the thymus, calling for a tissue-specific function of the gene product.
Vascular Angiotensin Converting Enzyme in the Development of Renal Hypertension (1986)

The possible role of vascular angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is examined in vitro and in vivo. In helically cut strips of arteries isolated from dogs, contractions induced by angiotensin (ANG) I are suppressed by ACE inhibitor or ANG II antagonist. This indicates that vascular ACE contributes to the local formation of ANG II. In two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats, plasma-renin activity (PRA) rises rapidly with the elevation of blood pressure, then decreases gradually, despite sustained high blood pressure. Renin activity in the aorta also increases with the development of hypertension and then decreases in parallel with PRA. ACE activity in plasma does not change before or after the unilateral occlusion of the renal artery until after 16 weeks, whereas the enzyme activity in the aorta significantly increases. The conversion rate calculated from the pressor responses, and from the constricting effects of ANG I and ANG II, both in situ and in helically cut strips obtained from chronic hypertensive rats with increased vascular ACE activities, are significantly higher than those obtained from normotensive rats. Vascular ACE, which can effectively produce ANG II from ANG I locally, appears to play an important role in the maintenance of chronic hypertension.
Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of high-dose interleukin-2 in combination with a soluble p75 tumor necrosis factor receptor immunoglobulin G chimera in patients with advanced melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. (1997)

Despite evidence of in vitro neutralization of TNF functional activity and partial inhibition of other secondary biologic effects of IL-2, rhuTNFR:Fc does not reduce the clinical toxicity associated with high-dose IL-2 therapy. These results suggest that the toxicity and antitumor effects of IL-2 treatment are independent of circulating TNF.
Developments and IR Applications of GeC Thin Films (1990)

Layers of amorphous germanium/carbon with low absorption loss and good abrasion resistance have been deposited on infrared substrates by RF plasma deposition of germanium in carbon containing atmospheres (from feedstocks of CH4, C4H10 etc). The optical properties of the layers (up to 100 &mu;m thick) have been assessed using a FTIR spectrometer and found to be strongly dependent on deposition parameters and layer composition. Layers can show high hydrogen content and absorptions caused by C-H and Ge-H bonding, but, by suitable choice of starting materials and deposition conditions, layers free of such absorption bands can be prepared with good transmission from 3pm to 12pm. Application of this novel material to the development of high durability antireflecting coatings for zinc sulphide and germanium is discussed.
Single-junction quantum-circuit refrigerator (2022)

We propose a quantum-circuit refrigerator (QCR) based on photon-assisted quasiparticle tunneling through a single normal-metal–insulator–superconductor (NIS) junction. In contrast to previous studies with multiple junctions and an additional charge island for the QCR, we directly connect the NIS junction to an inductively shunted electrode of a superconducting microwave resonator making the device immune to low-frequency charge noise. At low characteristic impedance of the resonator and parameters relevant to a recent experiment, we observe that a semiclassical impedance model of the NIS junction reproduces the bias voltage dependence of the QCR-induced damping rate and frequency shift. For high characteristic impedances, we derive a Born–Markov master equation and use it to observe significant non-linearities in the QCR-induced dissipation and frequency shift. We further demonstrate that, in this regime, the QCR can be used to initialize the linear resonator into a non-thermal state even in the absence of any microwave drive.
Development status of the beam steering control subsystem for the microwave power transmission ground experiment (2011)

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and the Institute for Unmanned Space Experiment Free Flyer are planning to conduct a microwave power transmission (MPT) ground experiment in fiscal year 2014. We will use an important MPT technology called beam steering control (BSC). The BSC technology accurately controls microwave beam pointing to a power receiving subsystem. We researched the BSC method and the beam pointing accuracy. This paper describes the functions and specifications of BSC, and analysis results of beam pointing accuracy in the MPT ground experiment.
Time, Temperature, Power, and Impedance Considerations for Radiofrequency Catheter Renal Denervation (2022)

Radio frequency (RF) based percutaneous catheter renal denervation systems offer an additional clinical tool, along with lifestyle modification and drug therapy, to address the global epidemic of uncontrolled hypertension. The most widely applied RF system has been designed to optimize both procedural and safety and efficacy. Lesion size, shape, and depth result from a complex interaction of device design, anatomy, and tissue electrical conduction properties. Power control algorithms must be carefully designed, incorporating feedback to maximize nerve destruction while minimizing collateral damage. Physical and numerical modelling as well as analysis of sensor feedback provide insight into design performance that cannot be derived from clinical trials. This review is focused on key design and performance aspects of the most widely applied renal denervation system meant to optimize safety and efficacy of the procedure.
Intercept Receivers and Electronic Warfare Processors (2022)

Since its creation at the beginning of World II, radars have forever transformed the practice of modern warfare. The evolution of countermeasure conducted by electronic warfare systems against radars and radars’ corresponding counter countermeasures is an intriguing technical subject. This book provides a very accessible introduction to a broad range of radar and electronic warfare technologies. The subjects covered in this book range from early radar development to later technologies such as stealthy techniques, low probability of intercept radar, and machine learning. Historical events are used to illustrate the principles of electronic warfare and to help readers to apprehend contexts under which radars and corresponding electronic warfare techniques were developed.
Worm Phenotype Ontology: Integrating phenotype data within and beyond the C. elegans community (2011)

We provide a phenotype ontology (WPO) that will help to facilitate data retrieval, and cross-species comparisons within the nematode community. In the larger scientific community, the WPO will permit data integration, and interoperability across the different Model Organism Databases (MODs) and other biological databases. This standardized phenotype ontology will therefore allow for more complex data queries and enhance bioinformatic analyses.
Exposure to RF EMF From Array Antennas in 5G Mobile Communication Equipment (2016)

In this paper, radio-frequency (RF) electromagnetic field (EMF) exposure evaluations are conducted in the frequency range 10-60 GHz for array antennas intended for user equipment (UE) and low-power radio base stations in 5G mobile communication systems. A systematic study based on numerical power density simulations considering effects of frequency, array size, array topology, distance to exposed part of human body, and beam steering range is presented whereby the maximum transmitted power to comply with RF EMF exposure limits specified by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection, the US Federal Communications Commission, and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers is determined. The maximum transmitted power is related to the maximum equivalent isotropically radiated power to highlight the relevance of the output power restrictions for a communication channel. A comparison between the simulation and measurement data is provided for a canonical monopole antenna. For small distances, with the antennas transmitting directly toward the human body, it is found that the maximum transmitted power is significantly below the UE power levels used in existing third and fourth generation mobile communication systems. Results for other conceivable exposure scenarios based on technical solutions that could allow for larger output power levels are also discussed. The obtained results constitute valuable information for the design of future mobile communication systems and for the standardization of EMF compliance assessment procedures of 5G devices and equipment.
The importance of "who" and "what" in interruption management: Empirical evidence from a cell phone use study (2008)

Interruption management in technology mediated communication is a key concern in collaborative work and social environments. Previous empirical and theoretical work in predicting interruptibility predominantly focuses on interrupteeâs local context namely identifying cognitively and socially intruding contexts such as mental work load levels, activity, place of activity. They largely ignore the relational context namely âwhoâ the interruption is from or âwhatâ it is about. This paper addresses this issue by systematically investigating the use of the various contextual factors in interruption management practices of everyday cell phone use. Analysis of 1201 incoming calls from our experience sampling method study of cell phone use, shows that âwhoâ is calling is used most of the time (87.4%) by individuals to make deliberate call handling decisions (N=834), in contrast to the interrupteeâs current local social (34.9%) or cognitive (43%) contexts. We present implications of these findings for the design of interruption management tools for communication media.
Growth of thin film for waveguide laser: Development of chromium doped Zn chalcogenides as efficient, widely tunable mid-infrared lasers (1998)

The incorporation of chromium in wide bandgap semiconductors is becoming a topic of interest in the development of efficient and compact tunable (range of 2--3 {micro}m) solid state mid-infrared lasers operating at room temperature. IN the search for optimized procedures of doping that will raise the chromium concentration to a level of 10{sup 20} ions/cm{sup 3}, the authors have developed a diffusion process in the temperature range of 750--950 C. However, optimization needs to be made during this process to preserve the optical transparency of the doped samples. The experimental data will be discussed in terms of dopant diffusivity, distribution of defects and crystal homogeneity.
High Capacity Spectrum Allocation for Multiple D2D Users Reusing Downlink Spectrum in LTE (2018)

Device-to-Device (D2D) communications is regarded as an option to extricate cellular Base Stations (BSs) from heavy traffic load. With more devices using D2D communications, there is an urgent demand for more spectrum bands for D2D communications. To provide more licensed bands for D2D communications, downlink spectrum reuse is a promising way to solve this problem. In an FDD-OFDMA LTE network, discontinuous resource blocks (RBs) of downlink spectrum are allocated to the same cellular user, thus resulting in complex interference between D2D users and cellular users. In order to increase the number of D2D users in the system and to increase the capacity of D2D users, allowing RBs reuse by more D2D pairs is an effective method, which, however, may cause more complicated interference. Multiple D2D users communicate with the same RBs poses a trade-off between transmission power and D2D users data rates.To provide a high capacity and to serve more users, we propose the RICE algorithm to allocate continuous RBs to D2D pairs, by facilitating different D2D pairs to share the same RBs. Simulations show that the RICE algorithm provides the highest capacity as compared to the exclusive spectrum allocation (ESA) strategy and adaptive subcarrier allocation (ASA) algorithm.
HuMax-CD20, a Novel Fully Human Anti-CD20 Monoclonal Antibody: Results of a Phase I/II Trial in Relapsed or Refractory Follicular Non-Hodgkins’s Lymphoma. (2005)

Abstract The fully human monoclonal IgG1 antibody HuMax-CD20 targets a novel epitope of the CD20 molecule on B-cells. HuMax-CD20 stops growth of engrafted B-cell tumors in SCID mice more efficiently and exerts stronger complement activation than Rituximab. HuMax-CD20 kills Rituximab-resistant cells expressing low levels of CD20. Data are presented from an ongoing, open label, dose-escalation, multicenter clinical trial in patients with relapsed or refractory CD20+ follicular non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Four cohorts of 10 patients were treated with 4 weekly i.v. infusions of 300, 500, 700 or 1000 mg. The endpoints are adverse events, CT verified tumor response (central review) according to the Cheson criteria, B-cell depletion, time to next anti-lymphoma treatment, duration of response, BCL2 conversion and pharmacokinetics. Fourty patients have been treated. Mean age was 57 years; median number of prior treatment regimens was 2; 15 patients were previously treated with Rituximab. Rapid, efficient and sustained peripheral B-cell depletion was observed in all dose groups. No dose limiting toxicity has been reported. Only 8 short lasting episodes of grade 3 CTC were observed. Hematological toxicity was low and confined to 6 events of grade 1 neutropenia; no cases of thrombocytopenia were reported. The following pharmacokinetic parameters were derived (medians per dose group): Cmax 129, 185, 380 and 610 μg/ml, T½ 447, 245, 322 and 621 hr, Cl 9, 19, 10 and 7 ml/hr/kg and AUC 75000, 51000, 185000 and 326000 hr *μg/ml, for the 300, 500, 700 and 1000 mg dose groups, respectively. No correlation between pharmacokinetics and response was found. Objective responses (CR, CRu, PR) have been elevated in 36 patients and were obtained in all 4 dose groups; 4 CR + 1 CRu/8 (300mg), 1CR + 2 PR/9 (500mg), 2PR/10 (700mg) and 1 CRu + 4 PR/9 (1000mg). Objective responses were achieved in 8 of 14 (57%) evaluable patients previously treated with Rituximab, i.e. 3CR, 1 CRu and 4 PR. In total 18 patients showed stable disease; progression was observed in only 3 patients. Data on duration of response will be presented. In conclusion, this preliminary analysis demonstrates a favorable safety profile and encouraging efficacy of HuMax-CD20 in patients with follicular NHL. Objective responses were achieved in all dose groups with response rates up to 63% including a 57% response rate in patients previously treated with Rituximab.
Particles of Spilled Oil-Absorbing Carbon in Contact with Water (2011)

A compact hydrogen generator is coupled to or integrated with a fuel cell for portable power applications. Hydrogen is produced via thermocatalytic decomposition (cracking, pyrolysis) of hydrocarbon fuels in oxidant-free environment. The apparatus can utilize a variety of hydrocarbon fuels, including natural gas, propane, gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel, crude oil (including sulfurous fuels). The hydrogen-rich gas produced is free of carbon oxides or other reactive impurities, so it could be directly fed to any type of a fuel cell. The catalysts for hydrogen production in the apparatus are carbon-based or metal-based materials and doped if necessary, with a sulfur-capturing agent. Additionally disclosed are two novel processes for the production of two types of carbon filaments, and a novel filamentous carbon product. The hydrogen generator can be conveniently integrated with high temperature fuel cells to produce an efficient and self-contained source of electrical power.