gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Minimal Input Selection for Robust Control (2017)

This paper studies the problem of selecting a minimum-size set of input nodes to guarantee stability of a networked system in the presence of uncertainties and time delays. Current approaches to input selection in networked dynamical systems focus on nominal systems with known parameter values in the absence of delays. We derive sufficient conditions for existence of a stabilizing controller for an uncertain system that are based on a subset of system modes lying within the controllability subspace induced by the set of inputs. We then formulate the minimum input selection problem and prove that it is equivalent to a discrete optimization problem with bounded submodularity ratio, leading to polynomial-time algorithms with provable optimality bounds. We show that our approach is applicable to different types of uncertainties, including additive and multiplicative uncertainties in the system matrices as well as uncertain time delays. We demonstrate our approach in a numerical case study on the IEEE 39-bus test power system.
HOT PRESSING OF DIBORIDE REINFORCED OXIDE MATRIX COMPOSITES (1988)

ABSTRACT Composites of particulate TiB2 in matrices of Y2o3-stabilized Zro2, Y2o3 and Al2o3 were prepared by vacuum hot pressing in graphite tooling. Results of hot pressing the oxides and the composites are presented. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the materials before and after processing. The effects of processing temperature, powder size, pressure and time are emphasized. Chemical reactivity of the diborides with oxygen presents problems which can be minimized by careful control of vacuum and processing sequence. Resultant composite compacts show little evidence of reaction at particle-matrix interfaces.
Epoxy-containing ArF resists with narrow molecular weight distribution (2006)

Terpolymers consisting of γ-butyrolactone-2-yl methacrylate, 2-methyl-2-adamantyl methacrylate, and 1-methyl-1-(6-methyl-7-oxabicyclo[4,1,0]hept-3-yl)ethyl methacrylate were prepared by the reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization technique. The molecular weight distribution of the polymers was 1.29–1.39. Although the polymers have epoxy units and cross-linking of the polymer occurred during prebake treatment, they worked as a highly sensitive positive-tone resist. The cross-linking efficiency of the resist was dependent on the type of amines used as a quencher. The line edge roughness values were dependent on the prebake temperature.
Multiple-channel laser with phase conjugation in dynamically coupled cavities (2004)

In this paper we present the results of studies of a multiple-channel laser system, operating in the phase-array regime with a single output aperture. The dynamically coupled resonators of the laser use an optical phase conjugation (OPC) element for coupling the master and slave lasers, the latter being a multiple channel array.
A novel Cu(OTf)2 mediated three component high yield synthesis of α -aminophosphonates (2006)

Copper(II) triflate catalyzes efficiently the three-component condensation reaction of an aldehyde, amine and P(OMe) 3 in acetonitrile at room temperature to afford the corresponding αaminophosphonates in high yields.
Syntheses of a series of S6 thioether cages and their coordination chemistry with Ag+ (2007)

The syntheses of four S6-cages with different cavity sizes are described. In regard of potential applications for radioimmunotherapy with 111Ag, their coordination behaviour towards Ag(I) was evaluated by studies of their reactivity in solution and of their crystal structures. All cages reacted differently with Ag(I). Whereas S6-cages based on 3,8,12,17,20,25-hexathiabicyclo[8.8.8]-hexacosane (14) and on 5,9,17,21,28,31-hexathiabicyclo[11.11.11]pentatriacontane (18) showed only external Ag(I) coordination, successive adaptation of the cage size, yielded ligand 24, based on 4,7,13,21,24,25-hexathiabicyclo[8.8.8]hexacosane, which gave a complex with internal-peripheral Ag(I) binding.
“Turning the dials”: controlling synthesis, structure, composition, and surface chemistry to tailor silicon nanoparticle properties (2021)

Silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) can be challenging to prepare with defined size, crystallinity, composition, and surface chemistry. As is the case for any nanomaterial, controlling these parameters is essential if SiNPs are to realize their full potential in areas such as alternative energy generation and storage, sensors, and medical imaging. Numerous teams have explored and established innovative synthesis methods, as well as surface functionalization protocols to control these factors. Furthermore, substantial effort has been expended to understand how the abovementioned parameters influence material properties. In the present review we provide a commentary highlighting the benefits and limitations of available methods for preparing silicon nanoparticles as well as demonstrations of tailoring optical and electronic properties through definition of structure (<i>i.e.</i>, crystalline <i>vs.</i> amorphous), composition and surface chemistry. Finally, we highlight potential opportunities for future SiNP studies.
Pouchitis is associated with mucosal imbalance between interleukin-8 and interleukin-10 (2007)

Mucosal lesions of pouchitis are characterized by a neutrophil infiltrate. Interleukin (IL)-8 is the main mediator involved in neutrophil recruitment and is down-regulated by IL-10. To look for an imbalance between IL-8 and IL-10 in patients with pouchitis. 18 patients having an ileoanal pouch for ulcerative colitis were studied. Eleven had pouchitis defined by the pouchitis disease activity index of ≥7 points and 7 had no history of pouchitis. Biopsies taken at the site of inflammation or in the normal mucosa were scored for the histologic lesions, the intensity of neutrophil infiltration, and the presence of crypt abscesses. Mucosal IL-8 and IL-10 mRNA were quantified by competitive polymerase chain reaction. IL-8, IL-10, and IL-10/IL-8 mRNA were similar in patients with or without pouchitis. IL-8 mRNA levels were significantly higher in patients with a histologic score >2 (p = 0.01) and in patients with crypt abscesses (p = 0.01). IL-10/IL-8 mRNA was significantly lower in patients having a histologic score >2 (p = 0.019), a neutrophil infiltration ≥10% (p = 0.013), and crypt abscesses (p = 0.01). Histologic lesions of pouchitis are associated with a mucosal imbalance between IL-8 and IL-10. IL-10 could be proposed as a new treatment for pouchitis.
SOI CMOS tunable capacitors for RF antenna aperture tuning (2014)

This paper provides a detailed analysis of a SOI CMOS tunable capacitor for antenna tuning. Design expressions for a switched capacitor network are given and quality factor of the whole network is expressed as a function of design parameters. Application to antenna aperture tuning is described by combining a 130 nm SOI CMOS tunable capacitor with a printed notch antenna. The proposed tunable multiband antenna can be tuned from 420 MHz to 790 MHz, with an associated radiation efficiency in the 33–73% range.
Distinct Cellular and Organismic Responses to Salt Stress (1992)

We have compared metabolic effects of high salinity between plants and cell suspension cultures from the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant). This plant shows developmentally-programmed inducibility for a switch from C3-photosynthesis to CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism). The metabolic switch is enhanced by environmental factors such as drought, low temperature, and, most effectively, soil salinity. CAM induction is dependent on organized leaf tissue and cannot be elicited by salt stress in suspension culture cells. In contrast, the accumulation of proline [Thomas et al. (1992) Plant Physiol. 98: 626] is induced by NaCl in cultured cells as well as in plants and must be considered a cellular response to stress. We have extended our observations to include another trait of salt- and low-temperature-stress responses in the ice plant, the accumulation of putative osmoprotective sugars and sugar alcohols. In whole plants the cyclic sugar alcohol, pinitol, accumulates to amounts that approach 1 M during stress, while in suspension cells no increase in sugar alcohols is observed. The distribution of carbon to different sugars is markedly different between cells and plants under stress. Particularly obvious is the distinction between cell types in the different composition of sugars and polyols, as exemplified by the epidermal bladder cells of ice plants. Ion contents and the content of sugars and sugar alcohols of bladder cells indicate that Na+, Cl−, pinitol and an unknown carbohydrate compound provide osmotic pressure in these cells, while organic anion concentrations are low. With the ice plant, we conclude that cells in culture mimic only partly the stress response mechanisms of intact plants and we hypothesize that communication between different tissues is required to mount a complete environmental stress response.
Strain engineering and metabolic flux analysis of a probiotic yeast Saccharomyces boulardii for metabolizing l-fucose, a mammalian mucin component (2022)

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in which S. cerevisiae and S. boulardii strains capable of metabolizing L-fucose have been constructed. This strategy could be used to enhance the metabolic activity of S. boulardii and other probiotic microorganisms in the gut.
Supplementary Movie Legends 1-2 from Selectin Ligand Sialyl-Lewis x Antigen Drives Metastasis of Hormone-Dependent Breast Cancers (2023)

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Airway structure, function and development in health and disease (2004)

Until they are fully mature, the airways are highly susceptible to damage. Factors that may contribute to vulnerability of immature airways and the occurrence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in preterm neonates include decreased contractility of smooth muscles of the airway, which leads to generation of lower forces, and immaturity of airway cartilage, leading to increased compressibility of developing airways. Mechanical ventilation has little effect on adult airways, but affects the dimensions and mechanical properties of preterm and newborn airways. Techniques for clinical evaluation of airway function include: (i). measurements of airway function during tidal breathing (airway resistance and reactivity are significantly elevated in infants with BPD); (ii). forced expiratory flow measurements [small-airway obstruction in infants with BPD is indicated by markedly reduced maximal volume measurements (Vmax)]; (iii). radiography procedures (plain radiographs, fluoroscopy, computed tomography and virtual bronchoscopy); and (iv). endoscopy procedures (rigid or flexible bronchoscopy, with or without measurement of oesophageal pressure). Imaging has demonstrated an excessively decreased airway cross-sectional area during exhalation in infants with BPD and acquired tracheomegaly in very preterm infants who had received mechanical ventilatory support. To further advance our understanding of how the airways develop, and to design less damaging protocols for mechanical ventilation in preterm neonates, basic laboratory studies of airway ultrastructure need to be performed and the results correlated with clinical pulmonary function studies.
Nucleotide Pyrophosphatase of Rat Liver. A Comparative Study on the Enzymes Solubilized and Purified from Plasma Membrane and Endoplasmic Reticulum (1975)

Studies on the subcellular distribution of rat liver nucleotide pyrophosphatase activity revealed its presence in the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum only. The enzymes from either source were solubilized specifically with trypsin without an apparent change of their catalytic properties. A 200-fold and 1600-fold purification, respectively, was achieved by a procedure including DEAE-cellulose and affinity-chromatography with AMP as ligand, gel filtration on Sephadex G-200 and gel electrophoresis. Both nucleotide pyrophosphatases were isolated as electrophoretically homogeneous soluble proteins. They were shown to contain carbohydrate moieties. The electrophoretic mobility of both enzymes in polyacrylamide gels was identical at three pH values. Dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis indicated a molecular weight of 137 000 for both glycoproteins. The enzymes hydrolyze a variety of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides yielding a 5'-nucleoside monophosphate. Adenosine 3':5'-monophosphate, nucleic acids and phosphate monoesters are not cleaved, but p-nitrophenyl-thymidine5'-monophosphate is readily hydrolyzed. In view of their substrate and inhibitor specificities the enzymes are considered nucleotide pyrophosphatases rather than phosphodiesterases.
Initially Imperfect MEMS Microplates Under Electrostatic Actuation: Theory and Experiment (2016)

Microplates are building blocks of many Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS). It is common for them to undergo imperfections due to residual stresses caused by the micro fabrication process. Such plates are essentially different from perfectly flat plates and cannot be modeled using the governing equations of flat plates. In this article, we adopt the governing equations of imperfect plates employing the modified von-Karman strains. These equations then are used to develop a Reduced Order Model based on the Galerkin procedure to simulate the static and dynamic behavior of an electrostatically actuated microplate. Also, microplates made of silicon nitride are fabricated and tested. First, the static behaviour of the microplate is investigated when applying a static voltage Vdc. To study the dynamic behaviour we apply a harmonic voltage, Vac, superimposed to Vdc. Simulation results show good agreement with the experimentally measured responses.
The natural history of prostate carcinoma based on a Danish population treated with no intent to cure (1997)

Prostate carcinoma patients have a poor survival and the majority of the patients diagnosed suffer and die from their disease rather than with it. Nevertheless, approximately one-third of patients neither suffer nor die from their disease. Therefore, the development of prognostic markers to improve the identification of patients who will benefit from early aggressive treatment is important. [See editorial on pages 827-33, this issue.]
Polymerized Ionic Liquids with Enhanced Static Dielectric Constants (2013)

Dielectric spectroscopy was used to determine the static dielectric constants (εs) of imidazolium acrylates and methacrylates and their ionomers, with different imidazolium pendant structures containing a combination of alkylene [(CH2)n, n = 5 or 10] and ethyleneoxy [(CH2CH2O)n, n = 4 or 7.3 (the average of a mixture of n = 1 to 20)] units as spacers between the backbone and the imidazolium cation. All monomers and polymers exhibited two dipolar relaxations, assigned to the usual segmental motion (α) associated with the glass transition and a lower frequency relaxation (α2), attributed to ions rearranging. From the analysis of the static dielectric constants using the Kirkwood g correlation factor, the dipoles in conventional (smaller) ionic liquids prefer antiparallel alignment (g ≈ 0.1), lowering εs values (≤30), because their polarizability volumes Vp strongly overlap, whereas the dipoles in the larger ionic liquid monomers display g of order unity and 50 ≤ εs ≤ 110. A longer spacer leads to higher static dielectric constant, owing to a significant increase of the relaxation strength of the α2 process, which is directly reflected through an unanticipated increase of the static dielectric constant with ionic liquid molecular volume Vm. The glass transition temperature of polymerized imidazolium ionic liquids with various counterions is also shown to simply be a monotonically decreasing function of Vm. Furthermore, the ionomers consistently exhibit 1.5–2.3 times higher static dielectric constants (εs up to ∼140 at room temperature) than the monomers from which they were synthesized, suggesting that polymerization encourages the observed synergistic dipole alignment (g > 1).
Characterization and Correction of Multispectral Resolving Filter-On-Chip CMOS-Sensor-Systems for Shape, Color and Composition Measurements (2018)

Abstract Aim of the paper is to show which increased capabilities are offered by the application of multispectral resolving Filter-On-Chip CMOS-Sensor-Systems for shape, color and spectral measurements. The paper will show a generalized method how these new Sensor-Systems can be characterized through measurements and how they can be applied for selected measurement tasks where the parallel acquisition of shapes, colors and compositions matters. Furthermore, it will be shown how an extended system characterization for multispectral resolving Filter-On-Chip CMOS-Sensor-Systems can be realized methodically to determine sensor-system caused systematic deviations influenced by illumination, optics, multispectral filter matrices and the CMOS-Sensors itself and how the results can be used for the algorithmically correction to overcome the sensor-system caused systematic deviations.
Fluorous Solvents (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Capacity analysis of interlaced clustering in a distributed antenna system (2015)

Low signal strength and high interference lead to significantly reduced data-rates at the cell edge. With rising demand for spectrum and systems moving closer to universal frequency reuse, the problem has become more pronounced. Techniques like Fractional Frequency Reuse boost the edgeuser performance at the cost of the spectral efficiency and are therefore sub-optimal. In this paper we investigate interlaced clustering as a solution to the edge user problem for a general distributed cellular transmission system, and explore a multicell Distributed Antenna System as a particular example. In interlaced clustering, different parts of the spectrum use coverage patterns that are spatially shifted (by less than a cell size) replicas of each other. An information theoretic analysis is presented to characterize the proportional fairness boundary point of the achievable rate region. In the process, the joint resource allocation problem is formulated and shown to be convex. As opposed to using interior point methods which are relatively slower, the current paper proposes a novel gradient-search algorithm to solve the resource allocation problem. It is demonstrated that fractional frequency reuse can in fact be represented as a special (albeit sub-optimal) case of interlaced clustering. Simulation results show that interlaced clustering can boost the edge-user rates by a factor of 2 with negligible degradation of rates in the cell interior. Results also show that interlaced clustering outperforms the edge-user rates achieved with fractional frequency reuse by a factor of 1.5. The theoretical results are validated by comparing performance to a practical proportional fairness scheduler.
Imaging the subcellular viscoelastic properties of mouse oocytes (2023)

In recent years, cellular biomechanical properties have been investigated as an alternative to morphological assessments for oocyte selection in reproductive science. Despite the high relevance of cell viscoelasticity characterization, the reconstruction of spatially distributed viscoelastic parameter images in such materials remains a major challenge. Here, a framework for mapping viscoelasticity at the subcellular scale is proposed and applied to live mouse oocytes. The strategy relies on the principles of optical microelastography for imaging in combination with the overlapping subzone nonlinear inversion technique for complex-valued shear modulus reconstruction. The three-dimensional nature of the viscoelasticity equations was accommodated by applying an oocyte geometry-based 3D mechanical motion model to the measured wave field. Five domains-nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm, perivitelline space, and zona pellucida-could be visually differentiated in both oocyte storage and loss modulus maps, and statistically significant differences were observed between most of these domains in either property reconstruction. The method proposed herein presents excellent potential for biomechanical-based monitoring of oocyte health and complex transformations across lifespan. It also shows appreciable latitude for generalization to cells of arbitrary shape using conventional microscopy equipment.
More than just another molecule (2014)

Consequential to its essential role as a mechanical support and affinity regulator in extracellular matrices, collagen constitutes a highly sought after scaffolding material for regeneration and healing applications. However, substantiated concerns have been raised with regard to quality and safety of animal tissue-extracted collagen, particularly in relation to its immunogenicity, risk of disease transmission and overall quality and consistency. In parallel, contamination with undesirable cellular factors can significantly impair its bioactivity, vis-a-vis its impact on cell recruitment, proliferation and differentiation. Highscale production of recombinant human collagen Type I (rhCOL1) in the tobacco plant provides a source of an homogenic, heterotrimeric, thermally stable “virgin” collagen which self assembles to fine homogenous fibrils displaying intact binding sites and has been applied to form numerous functional scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In addition, rhCOL1 can form liquid crystal structures, yielding a well-organized and mechanically strong membrane, two properties indispensable to extracellular matrix (ECM) mimicry. Overall, the shortcomings of animaland cadaver-derived collagens arising from their source diversity and recycled nature are fully overcome in the plant setting, constituting a collagen source ideal for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications.
Thermal Energy Generated by Entropy Change in Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (1989)

The Seebeck coefficients of oxygen and hydrogen electrodes on a stabilized zirconia at 1273 K were estimated to be −0.303 and 0.265 mV K−1, respectively. Thus, the entropy changes of oxygen and hydrogen electrodes at 1273 K were calculated to be −58.4 J/1/2 mole oxygen in air and 51.1 J/1 mole hydrogen in a gas mixture of and . Though the heat was generated by the entropy change of the oxygen electrode, such heat under partial pressure of hydrogen higher than about 0.65 atm will be absorbed by the entropy change of hydrogen electrode. Since the reforming reaction of is endothermic, the heat generated on the oxygen electrode must be transported to the fuel reforming zone near the hydrogen electrode.
Determination of the exciton binding energy and effective masses for methylammonium and formamidinium lead tri-halide perovskite semiconductors (2016)

The reduced effective mass (<italic>μ</italic>) and excitonic Rydberg (<italic>R</italic>*) are measured by magneto-optics for new perovskite semiconductors.
A tool for modeling concurrent real-time computation (1990)

Real-time computation is a significant area of research in general, and in AI in particular. The complexity of practical real-time problems demands use of knowledge-based problem solving techniques while satisfying real-time performance constraints. Since the demands of a complex real-time problem cannot be predicted (owing to the dynamic nature of the environment) powerful dynamic resource control techniques are needed to monitor and control the performance. A real-time computation model for a real-time tool, an implementation of the QP-Net simulator on a Symbolics machine, and an implementation on a Butterfly multiprocessor machine are briefly described.