gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
EPMA on Interfaces between Cathode and Electrolyte of the Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (1995)

The interface of Lay-xSrxMnO3/YSZ was studied with EPMA after annealing at 1200°C to 1400°C for various times. Typical reaction products (zirconates) and a diffusion zone of Mn and La in the YSZ were determined using quantitative microanalysis. The chemical reactivity at the interface is dependent on the stoichiometry (y) and the Sr content (x) of the perovskite. An increased Sr content leads to a decreased formation of La2Zr2O7 but also to an increased diffusion of Mn oxide into the electrolyte material. A high Sr content (x=0.4) reveals both aspects: the formation of a La- and Mn- enriched SrZrO3 layer at the reaction interface, as well as a diffusion of Mn oxide into YSZ.
Sialic Acid Species as a Determinant of the Host Range of Influenza A Viruses (2000)

The distribution of sialic acid (SA) species varies among animal species, but the biological role of this variation is largely unknown. Influenza viruses differ in their ability to recognize SA-galactose (Gal) linkages, depending on the animal hosts from which they are isolated. For example, human viruses preferentially recognize SA linked to Gal by the alpha2,6(SAalpha2,6Gal) linkage, while equine viruses favor SAalpha2,3Gal. However, whether a difference in relative abundance of specific SA species (N-acetylneuraminic acid [NeuAc] and N-glycolylneuraminic acid [NeuGc]) among different animals affects the replicative potential of influenza viruses is uncertain. We therefore examined the requirement for the hemagglutinin (HA) for support of viral replication in horses, using viruses whose HAs differ in receptor specificity. A virus with an HA recognizing NeuAcalpha2,6Gal but not NeuAcalpha2,3Gal or NeuGcalpha2,3Gal failed to replicate in horses, while one with an HA recognizing the NeuGcalpha2,3Gal moiety replicated in horses. Furthermore, biochemical and immunohistochemical analyses and a lectin-binding assay demonstrated the abundance of the NeuGcalpha2,3Gal moiety in epithelial cells of horse trachea, indicating that recognition of this moiety is critical for viral replication in horses. Thus, these results provide evidence of a biological effect of different SA species in different animals.
Characterization of a hybrid photonic analog-digital converter based on WDM technique (2002)

Recently, we have proposed and initially demonstrated a novel hybrid photonic analog to digital converter (ADC) based on a WDM technique that combines the high-bandwidth optical front-end with parallel wavelength-multiplexed signal transmission followed by a high-resolution, low-cost electronic back-end digitization. Here, we experimentally characterize the potential performance of such a hybrid ADC for directly digitizing analog signals with frequencies as high as 18 GHz.
Critical Frequency of Photic Driving in the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (1980)

Patients with known or suspected multiple sclerosis (MS) were tested for abnormalities in visual evoked potentials. We compared the critical frequency of photic driving (CFPD) with pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (PVER). We found the CFPD to be somewhat more sensitive than PVER for detecting abnormalities in the visual pathways of patients with MS. When used together, the two were complementary, each fining abnormalities that the other missed. When evaluating patients with MS with evoked potentials, both PVER and CFPD should be tested.
Hydride-Based Electride Material, LnH2 (Ln = La, Ce, or Y) (2016)

In view of the strong electron-donating nature of H(-) and extensive vacancy formation in metals by hydrogen insertion, a series of LnH2+x (Ln = La, Ce, or Y) compounds with fluorite-type structures were verified to be the first hydride-based electride, where itinerant electrons populating the cage are surrounded by H(-) anions. The electron transfer into the cage probably originates from Ln-cage covalent interaction. To the best of our knowledge, anion-rich electrides are extremely rare, and a key requirement for their formation is that the cage site is not occupied by lone pair electrons of the adjacent ions. In the case of LnH2, the cage site is surrounded by eight H(-) anions with isotopic electronic character caused by the lack of mixing of H p-orbital character. Notably, Ru-loaded LnH2+x electride powders synthesized by hydrogen embrittlement (Ln = La or Ce) were found to work as efficient catalysts for ammonia synthesis at ambient pressure, without showing serious signs of hydrogen poisoning. There are several possible origins of the observed high catalytic activity in the hydride promotors: the small work function of LnH2+x derived from the covalent interaction between Ln cation and the H(-) σ donor, and the formation of Ln nitride during catalytic reaction.
Total Dose and Transient Response of SiGe HBTs from a New 4th-Generation, 90 nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology (2012)

The total ionizing dose and laser-induced transient response of a new 4th generation 90 nm IBM SiGe 9HP technology are investigated. Total dose testing was performed with 63.3 MeV protons at the Crocker Nuclear Laboratory at the University of California, Davis. Transient testing was performed on the two-photon absorption system at Naval Research Laboratory. Results show that the SiGe HBTs are dose-tolerant up to 3 Mrad(SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ) and exhibit reduced single event transients compared to earlier SiGe generations.
Improved Electron-Beam / DUV Intra-Level Mix-and-Match As A Production Viable Lithography With 100-nm Resolution (1998)

The electron(e)-beam / deep ultraviolet (DUV) “intra-level” mix-and-match (ILM&M) strategy proposed by several groups [ 1,2,3] is an attractive concept to increase the throughput of the e-beam direct write (EBDW), while keeping its superior resolution. Nevertheless, in order that the LM&M may play important role in production of leading edge devices in the near future, the throughput and the overlay accuracy must be improved drastically. We propose an improved ILM&M as a production viable lithography featuring a DW biased exposure and a scanning DUV stepper without high-order components of the image field distortion. The proposed ILM&M has been successfully applied to development and early production of leading edge devices in our laboratory.
Contribution of urease to acid tolerance in Yersinia enterocolitica (1995)

The stomach serves as a barrier to enteric infection because of the antibacterial effect of the hydrochloric acid in gastric juice. In this study, we tested the ability of the enteric pathogen Yersinia enterocolitica to tolerate a pH range of 2.0 to 6.0 and found that under the conditions of a normal human fasting stomach (pH < 3 and a gastric emptying time of 2 h), Y. enterocolitica is highly acid resistant, showing approximately 85% survival. The resistance of Y. enterocolitica to acid in vitro depended on the bacterial growth phase and the concentration of urea in the medium, being maximal during stationary phase in the presence of at least 0.3 mM urea. Urease-negative mutants of Y. enterocolitica were constructed by disrupting the urease gene complex of a virulent strain of serogroup O9. Compared with the wild type, these mutants showed an approximately 1,000-fold decrease in the ability to tolerate acid in vitro (< 0.08% survival) and a 10-fold reduction in viability after passage through the stomachs of mice. Complementation of the disrupted urease genes in trans restored the ability of urease-negative mutants to tolerate low pH in vitro and gastric acidity to approximately wild-type levels. These findings indicate that urease is responsible for acid resistance in Y. enterocolitica and suggest that urease contributes to the virulence of Y. enterocolitica by enhancing the likelihood of bacterial survival during passage through the stomach.
v-jun oncogene suppresses both phorbol ester-induced cell invasion and stromelysin gene expression in a mouse papilloma cell line. (1994)

The viral jun (v-jun) oncogene encodes a transcription factor that can participate in the transactivation of genes through the AP-1 complex. Evidence indicates that the ability of v-jun to transform cells and stimulate transcription depends on the cell type. We have asked whether expression of the v-jun gene in benign tumor forming mouse keratinocytes that already express an activated c-rasHa oncogene would cause malignant progression. Our results showed that the v-jun transfection did not result in malignant progression; instead, we made the unexpected observation that the ability of these cells to invade reconstituted basement membrane matrix (in vitro) in response to the phorbol ester, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate, was suppressed. This phenomenon could, in part, be explained by the suppression of the induction by phorbol ester of expression of the metalloproteinase, stromelysin (transin). Of interest was the finding that 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate induction of other cellular genes known to be regulated by AP-1 was not inhibited in the benign tumor cells expressing v-jun.
Proteomic and Metabolomic Characterization of a Mammalian Cellular Transition from Quiescence to Proliferation (2017)

There exist similarities and differences in metabolism and physiology between normal proliferative cells and tumor cells. Once a cell enters the cell cycle, metabolic machinery is engaged to facilitate various processes. The kinetics and regulation of these metabolic changes have not been properly evaluated. To correlate the orchestration of these processes with the cell cycle, we analyzed the transition from quiescence to proliferation of a non-malignant murine pro-B lymphocyte cell line in response to IL-3. Using multiplex mass-spectrometry-based proteomics, we show that the transition to proliferation shares features generally attributed to cancer cells: upregulation of glycolysis, lipid metabolism, amino-acid synthesis, and nucleotide synthesis and downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation and the urea cycle. Furthermore, metabolomic profiling of this transition reveals similarities to cancer-related metabolic pathways. In particular, we find that methionine is consumed at a higher rate than that of other essential amino acids, with a potential link to maintenance of the epigenome.
Development of multiwavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers with dielectric mirrors (2002)

A compact array of multiwavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) directly-coupled to single multimode fiber can be a promising solution for high data transmission rates. Several techniques have been introduced to fabricate multiwavelength VCSELs. Among them postgrowth wavelength adjustment methods are considered to be more desirable than the growth methods due to relatively good controllability and simplicity. In this reports we present a method to adjust wavelengths by varying the optical thickness of dielectric mirror precisely, which is feasible for fabricating multiwavelength VCSELs.
Transcorneal Electrical Stimulation Promotes Survival of Photoreceptors and Improves Retinal Function in Rhodopsin P347L Transgenic Rabbits (2012)

TES promotes the survival of photoreceptors and preserves the ERGs in Tg rabbits. Although further investigations are necessary before using TES on patients, these findings indicate that TES should be considered for therapeutic treatment for RP patients with a P347L mutation of rhodopsin.
Comparison of Phenolics and Phenolic Acid Profiles in Conjunction with Oxygen Radical Absorbing Capacity (ORAC) in Berries of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. and V. myrtillus L. (2016)

Caucasian blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) and bilberry (V. myrtillus L.), both native to Turkey, were evaluated for their total phenolics (TP) and anthocyanin (TAC) contents. Individual compositions of free phenolic acids and phenolic acids liberated from ester and glycoside forms were analyzed using UPLC-MS/MS. Berry extracts of each species were separated into three different fractions (sugar/acid, polyphenolic and anthocyanin) by solid phase extraction (SPE). The anthocyanin fractions of each species had the highest level of TP and TAC contents and ORAC values. Each species contained 10 phenolic acids representing each fraction, but in different quantities. The phenolic acids liberated from the esters and glycoside forms were caffeic acid and p-coumaric acid. The fractions containing phenolic acids liberated from ester and glycoside forms had a higher antioxidant capacity than that from free phenolic acids. The data suggest that both berries have potential as good dietary sources of phenolic antioxidants.
Preparing the Uppsala University wave energy converter generator for large-scale production (2014)

Preparing the Uppsala University wave energy converter generator for large-scale production
Abstract 14208: Versican is Essential for Chamber Formation by Recruiting Cardiac Progenitor Cells from the Outflow Tract in Medaka Fish (2010)

Background: Heart tube formation from primary heart field precedes rightward looping and chamber formation. Ventricular chamber growth requires cardiomyocyte proliferation and progenitor cells migr...
Optical design of ZEISS ForTune photo mask tuning system: how to generate diffraction-limited laser foci in thick specimens (2018)

ZEISS ForTune is a photo mask tuning system for the semiconductor manufacturing industry. The tuning process improves critical dimension uniformity and mask image placement errors via intra–volume material modification at different depths within the mask material. For these applications, diffraction–limited spots of an ultrashort pulse laser are to be generated throughout the volume of the mask. In the present paper, we present an optical design concept for generation of diffraction–limited laser foci in thick specimens with refractive index n2. The optical design includes a microscope objective of medium–sized numerical aperture <i>NA</i>. A medium with refractive index n<sub>1</sub> &ne; n<sub>2</sub> is in between the microscope objective and the specimen – this index mismatch is the root cause for appearance of spherical aberration when diffraction-limited laser foci in different depths are to be generated. Thus, in addition to a proper paraxial focus position also a certain amount of spherical aberration must be corrected for. The amount of spherical aberration increases with focus position variation within the specimen, numerical aperture <i>NA</i> and the refractive index mismatch Δn = n<sub>2</sub> − n<sub>1</sub> of the specimen. The design concept includes an adaptive optical element such as a deformable mirror or a spatial light modulator. Due to limitations in their achievable optical path difference, it is essential to combine the adaptive element with an appropriate conventional focusing mechanism. Optical designs will be shown allowing for surprisingly thick specimens having a thickness corresponding to several thousands of Rayleigh ranges dR. Besides photo mask tuning, the presented optical design concepts can be used for different applications such as laser scanning microscopes, 3D printers using two-photon polymerization or vitrography.
Capillary Limit of Evaporator Wick in Alkali Metal Thermal-to-Electric Converters (2002)

Vapor anode, multitube alkali metal thermal-to-electric converters are being developed for potential use in space and terrestrial electric power generation. In these converters, the capillary pressure head produced in the evaporator wick circulates the sodium working fluid. A two-dimensional, thermal-hydraulic model of the porous evaporator wick and of the liquid sodium return artery is developed and thermally coupled to an integrated model of a five-beta-alumina solid electrolyte (BASE) tube, stainless-steel sodium converter (PX-3A), and an eight-tube, Mo-41% Resodium converter. Results showed that the capillary limit in the evaporator wick of the PX-3A converter is reached at zero electrical current, when the thermal input power to the converter exceeds 16 W, or the hot-side temperature exceeds 1136 K. For the Mo-41%Re converter, these values are 22 W and 1150 K, respectively. Before reaching the capillary limit, however, two or more of the following temperature limits occurred in both converters: 1) the TiNi metal-ceramic braze joints' temperature exceeded 1123 K, 2) the evaporator wick surface temperature exceeded 1023 K, or 3) the temperature difference between the cold end of the BASE tubes and the evaporator wick surface was less than +20 K.
Real-Time Optimization of the Current Steering for Visual Prosthesis (2021)

Current steering on a multi-electrode array is commonly used to shape the electric field in the neural tissue in order to improve selectivity and efficacy of stimulation. Previously, simulations of the electric field in tissue required separate computation for each set of the stimulation parameters. Not only is this approach to modeling time-consuming and very difficult with a large number of electrodes, it is incompatible with real-time optimization of the current steering for practical applications. We present a framework for efficient computation of the electric field in the neural tissue based on superposition of the fields from a pre-calculated basis. Such linear algebraic framework enables optimization of the current steering for any targeted electric field in real time. For applications to retinal prosthetics, we demonstrate how the stimulation depth can be optimized for each patient based on the retinal thickness and separation from the array, while maximizing the lateral confinement of the electric field essential for high spatial resolution.
Sensing of Bacillus Subtilis Spores with Peptide Functionalized Microcantilevers (2006)

Short peptide ligands were synthesized to selectively capture spores using microcantilever arrays. Our initial studies focused on the capture of Bacillus subtilis (a stimulant of Bacillus anthracis) spores in liquids. A peptide-ligand-functionalized microcantilever array was mounted on a flow cell filled with a B. subtilis suspension while cantilever deflection was monitored. Also, fifth mode resonant frequency measurements were performed before and after dipping a peptide-ligand-functionalized microcantilever array in a static B. subtilis solution. Both techniques showed selective binding to functionalized cantilevers when compared to arrays functionalized with a similar control (non-binding) peptide. Conclusive confirmation of selective binding was obtained by subsequent examination of the microcantilever arrays under a dark field microscope. The concentration sensitivity, shelf-life of the binding ligands, and their binding efficiency were studied as well.
Analysis of Generated and Reflected Pressure Waves during Fracturing Reveals Fracture Behavior (2002)

Abstract Fracture behavior is an important aspect in fracturing technology. Many techniques are available for prestimulation simulations and post-stimulation analysis of fracture behavior. However, very few techniques address fracture behavior during the stimulation process itself. Various fracture behaviors, such as fracture extension, ballooning, and tip screenout are often not known to the operator until after it is too late or even after the job is completed. Therefore, it is important to create and evaluate different real-time analysis techniques that can be used to capture the critical information available from data gathered during jobs. During the stimulation process, many types of information are available to the engineer. Pressure, flow, and temperature are basic information evaluated by many in the past. However, surface-pressure measurements are heavily influenced by friction, densities, proppant concentrations, and flow fluctuations, which makes conventional analyses difficult, if not impossible. In spite of this, analysis of dynamic pressure fluctuations has not been actively pursued. Certain changes in the downhole configuration, such as fracture extension, may send different pressure frequency spectra and wave intensities to the surface. The signature of these pressure waves is believed to carry such information to the surface. It is also believed that signal degradation due to friction may not influence the outcome of this type of analysis. Capturing and evaluating generated and reflected pressure waves during fracturing may be a new approach to monitor what happens downhole during fracturing. This paper discusses different real-time analysis approaches, such as frequency analysis and wavelet technologies, and evaluates their results and compares them to real job data. These analysis results and the successful stimulation results are presented in this paper.
Risk and safety requirements for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in allergology: World Allergy Organization Statement (2016)

One of the major concerns in the practice of allergy is related to the safety of procedures for the diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. Management (diagnosis and treatment) of hypersensitivity disorders involves often intentional exposure to potentially allergenic substances (during skin testing), deliberate induction in the office of allergic symptoms to offending compounds (provocation tests) or intentional application of potentially dangerous substances (allergy vaccine) to sensitized patients. These situations may be associated with a significant risk of unwanted, excessive or even dangerous reactions, which in many instances cannot be completely avoided. However, adverse reactions can be minimized or even avoided if a physician is fully aware of potential risk and is prepared to appropriately handle the situation. Information on the risk of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in allergic diseases has been accumulated in the medical literature for decades; however, except for allergen specific immunotherapy, it has never been presented in a systematic fashion. Up to now no single document addressed the risk of the most commonly used medical procedures in the allergy office nor attempted to present general requirements necessary to assure the safety of these procedures. Following review of available literature a group of allergy experts within the World Allergy Organization (WAO), representing various continents and areas of allergy expertise, presents this report on risk associated with diagnostic and therapeutic procedures in allergology and proposes a consensus on safety requirements for performing procedures in allergy offices. Optimal safety measures including appropriate location, type and required time of supervision, availability of safety equipment, access to specialized emergency services, etc. for various procedures have been recommended. This document should be useful for allergists with already established practices and experience as well as to other specialists taking care of patients with allergies.