gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
RC kinase: A novel kinase expressed by alveolar macrophages that may play a role in COPD and IPF (2012)

We have characterized a novel serine/threonine protein kinase, called RC kinase, whose expression is upregulated in COPD patients. Examination of RC kinase mRNA tissue distribution showed a limited expression pattern restricted mainly to the lungs and trachea. Immunohistochemical analysis with a monoclonal antibody revealed expression in CD68+ alveolar macrophage and bronchial epithelial cells. Various cell lines upregulated RC kinase expression upon exposure to cigarette smoke extract, or conditions of oxidative or endoplasmic reticulum stress, and this correlated with the production of IL-8. In acute (4 day) and sub-chronic (14 day) cigarette smoke-induced murine models of COPD, treatment with either intra-tracheally delivered RC kinase siRNA or orally administered novel and specific small molecule inhibitors caused a significant reduction in BAL neutrophilia, as well as decreased levels of KC and CCL-20. There was also a marked reduction in the amount of pulmonary inflammation. In a murine adoptive transfer model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, both siRNA and small molecule antagonist treatment significantly inhibited hydroxyproline production, inflammation and cellular and biochemical markers of fibrosis. Taken together, these results strongly suggest that inhibition of RC kinase may provide a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of COPD and IPF.
Mice immunized to insulin develop antibody to the insulin receptor (1983)

We immunized mice with insulin and found that those strains that develop insulin antibodies subsequently produce insulin-like activity in amount equivalent to 300-400 ng insulin per ml serum. The activity was due exclusively to IgG2 antibodies. Bioactivity could be blocked efficiently by insulin antibodies from guinea pigs and from mice. The active IgG2 also displaced labeled insulin from fat cells. Preliminary in vivo studies have indicated that the appearance of insulin-like antibodies in the mouse resulted in abnormal glucose homeostasis and "down regulation" of insulin receptors. These results indicate that immunization to insulin can initiate an idiotype-anti-idiotype network resulting in antibodies to the hormone receptor.
Epitaxial V-groove bipolar integrated circuit process (1973)

A new four-mask "V-groove" process for the fabrication of bipolar integrated circuits has been developed. The process utilizes epitaxial ν/n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> /n <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> layers and anisotropic etching of <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\langle100\rangle</tex> silicon to eliminate the buried layer and isolation diffusions as well as the need for masking the base diffusion of the standard six-mask bipolar integrated circuit process, n-p-n transistor, resistor, and Schottky diode characteristics are equivalent to or exceed those of the standard process. A five-mask V-groove process provides improved lateral p-n-p transistors compared with the four-mask approach. The V-groove integrated circuit structure offers simpler processing, smaller isolation capacitances, lower parasitic collector resistances, larger packing densities, and higher junction breakdown voltages than standard bipolar integrated circuits without degradation of other properties.
Expression profiles of sorted p75<sup>high</sup> cells. (2015)

&lt;p&gt;A) The expression of marker genes in sorted p75&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; and p75&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt; cells. The mRNA expression of each gene was analyzed by RT-qPCR in undifferentiated 201B7 (hiPSCs) and sorted p75&lt;sup&gt;low&lt;/sup&gt; and p75&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; cells, and was shown as a relative value using the level in sorted p75&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; cells as 1.0. Average ± SD. N = 3, biological triplicates. B) Clustering analyses of NCC markers in p75&lt;sup&gt;high&lt;/sup&gt; populations from several hESC and hiPSC lines. Marker genes for each sub-population of NCCs were labeled using the indicated colors.&lt;/p&gt;
Ultra-Low Loss Integrated Lithium Niobate Photonics in Visible Wavelengths (2019)

We demonstrate a low loss integrated photonic platform in lithium niobate in the visible wavelength range. We show microring resonators with a quality factor of 107 and gigahertz intensity modulators. © 2019 The Author(s)
Hot-Wire Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon from Silane:  Effect of Process Conditions (2001)

We have examined the deposition of uniform polycrystalline silicon films over large surface areas for application in photovoltaics and flat panel displays. Depositions were conducted using a commercially available hot-wire chemical vapor deposition chamber. We investigated the effect of the silane flow rate (4−60 sccm), filament temperature (1550−1850 °C), total pressure (25−1000 mTorr), substrate temperature (400−600 °C), and hydrogen dilution on the exit gas-phase composition, film growth rate, and film crystalline fraction. Experiments show that the growth rate increases with silane flow rate and is independent of the substrate temperature. The growth rate variation with pressure and filament temperature is observed to change with the axial position of the substrate. A transition from amorphous (a-Si) to polycrystalline (poly-Si) silicon films is observed with increasing total pressure, filament temperature, and substrate temperature and with decreasing silane flow rate. The effect of hydrogen dilution is found to be equivalent to the effect of increasing gas pressure using pure silane. The experiments suggest that the interaction of atomic hydrogen with the growing surface leads to the growth of the crystalline phase in the silicon films.
Orbital Fluctuations and Orbital Flipping inRVO3Perovskites (2007)

The effect of the average R-site ionic radius IR and variance on the orbital and magnetic order in R3+-doped YVO3 was studied in Y1-xLaxVO3 and Y1-x(La0.2337Lu0.7663)xVO3 with fixed IR. The orbital flipping temperature T{CG} increases nonlinearly with increasing R-site variance, indicating that the V-O-V bond angle is not the primary driving force stabilizing the C-type orbitally ordered phase. The suppressed thermal conductivity in the G-type orbitally ordered phase signals some remaining orbital randomness that is enhanced by t{2} and et hybridization in {3}T{1g} site symmetry.
Synthesis of Enantiomerically Pure D‐FDOC, an anti‐HIV Agent. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Integration and electrical characterization of organic thin film transistor for an active matrix of oleds (2011)

"We present a novel integration process of all organic Thin Film Transistor (TFTs) and its electrical characterization. The test circuit is designed to drive an active matrix of organic light emitting diode (AMOLED). The process is performed in both plastic (Polyethylene naphthalene, PEN) and glass substrates. The basic circuit is formed by two pentacene-based transistors and a capacitor. All of these devices use parylene as dielectric. As a result of the electrical characterization, we show that this circuit can deliver up to 40 π A. This current level is appropriate if we consider that the minimum required current to obtain 200 cd/m 2 from a typical OLED is of 10 π A."
Comparison of the biornechanical properties of rottweiler and racing greyhound cranial cruciate ligaments (2000)

An in vitro study of rottweiler and racing greyhound cranial cruciate ligaments revealed that the rottweiler ligaments had a significantly greater cross-sectional area at their distal attachments. Mechanical testing showed that the ultimate load related to body mass was significantly higher in the extended racing greyhound stifle during cranial tibial loading to failure, as were linear stiffness, tensile strength and tangent modulus. During ligament axis loading to failure, the only significant difference in structural and mechanical properties recorded between the two breeds was a greater ultimate strain for the greyhound ligament with the stifle joint flexed. Energy absorbed by the ligament complex at failure during cranial tibial loading was twice that for ligament axis loading for both breeds. The clinical significance is that the rottweiler cranial cruciate ligament is more vulnerable to damage as it requires half the load per unit body mass that the greyhound requires to cause a rupture.
Transmission Structured Illumination Microscopy using Tilt-mirror Assembly (2022)

We present experimental demonstration of tilt-mirror assisted transmission structured illumination microscopy (tSIM) that offers a large field of view super resolution imaging. An assembly of custom-designed tilt-mirrors are employed as the illumination module where the sample is excited with the interference of two beams reflected from the opposite pair of mirror facets. Tunable frequency structured patterns are generated by changing the mirror-tilt angle and the hexagonal-symmetric arrangement is considered for the isotropic resolution in three orientations. Utilizing high numerical aperture (NA) objective in standard SIM provides super-resolution compromising with the field-of-view (FOV). Employing low NA (20X/0.4) objective lens detection, we experimentally demonstrate ~ (0.56mm x 0.35mm) size single FOV image with ~1.7- and ~2.4-fold resolution improvement (exploiting various illumination by tuning tilt-mirrors) over the diffraction limit. The results are verified both for the fluorescent beads as well as biological samples. The tSIM geometry decouples the illumination and the collection light paths consequently enabling free change of the imaging objective lens without influencing the spatial frequency of the illumination pattern that are defined by the tilt-mirrors. The large and scalable FoV supported by tSIM will find usage for applications where scanning large areas are necessary as in pathology and applications where images must be correlated both in space and time.
Supplementary materials and methods from Single-Cell Analysis Reveals a Preexisting Drug-Resistant Subpopulation in the Luminal Breast Cancer Subtype (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary materials and methods&lt;/p&gt;
In Situ and Real-Time Atomic Force Microscopy Studies of the Stability of Oligothiophene Langmuir–Blodgett Monolayers in Liquid (2014)

Oligothiophene thin films have been considered as promising material for molecular electronics due to their desirable electronic properties and high structural stability under ambient conditions. To ensure performance in devices the functional structures, such as individual ordered domains, must be stable under practical and operational conditions or environments including exposure to various media. This work investigates the structure of oligothiophene Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films upon exposure to liquid media such as water, ethanol (EtOH), and mixed tetrahydrofuran (THF)/EtOH solutions. The LB films form islands ranging from 500 nm up to 1 μm consisting of densely packed oligothiophene molecules. These islands are surrounded by bare substrate and loosely packed adsorbates. In situ and time-dependent AFM images were acquired to reveal the structural evolution, from which degradation pathways and kinetics are extracted. Degradation of these LB films initiates and propagates from intraisland defect sites, such as cracks and pin holes, whereas the edges of islands remain intact on the surface. The observations appear to be in contrast to the known degradation mechanism among self-assembled monolayers, such as alkanethiols on gold, which initiates and progresses at domain boundaries. Rationale for the observed degradation processes will also be discussed.
Enhanced Skin Adhesive Patch with Modulus‐Tunable Composite Micropillars (2012)

Modulus-tunable composite micropillars are presented by combining replica molding and selective inking for skin adhesive patch in "ubiquitous"-health diagnostic devices. Inspired from hierarchical hairs in the gecko's toe pad, a simple method is presented to form composite polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropillars that are highly adhesive (∼1.8 N cm(-2) ) and mechanically robust (∼30 cycles).
A model-based approach to investigating the pathophysiological mechanisms of hypertension and response to antihypertensive therapies: extending the Guyton model (2014)

Reproducibly differential responses to different classes of antihypertensive agents are observed among hypertensive patients and may be due to interindividual differences in hypertension pathology. Computational models provide a tool for investigating the impact of underlying disease mechanisms on the response to antihypertensive therapies with different mechanisms of action. We present the development, calibration, validation, and application of an extension of the Guyton/Karaaslan model of blood pressure regulation. The model incorporates a detailed submodel of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), allowing therapies that target different parts of this pathway to be distinguished. Literature data on RAAS biomarker and blood pressure responses to different classes of therapies were used to refine the physiological actions of ANG II and aldosterone on renin secretion, renal vascular resistance, and sodium reabsorption. The calibrated model was able to accurately reproduce the RAAS biomarker and blood pressure responses to combinations of dual-RAAS agents, as well as RAAS therapies in combination with diuretics or calcium channel blockers. The final model was used to explore the impact of underlying mechanisms of hypertension on the blood pressure response to different classes of antihypertensive agents. Simulations indicate that the underlying etiology of hypertension can impact the magnitude of response to a given class of therapy, making a patient more sensitive to one class and less sensitive others. Given that hypertension is usually the result of multiple mechanisms, rather than a single factor, these findings yield insight into why combination therapy is often required to adequately control blood pressure.
Maskless photolithography: Embossed photoresist as its own optical element (1998)

This letter demonstrates that features embossed on the surface of a layer of photoresist can direct UV light in the photoresist layer. These topographical features act as optical elements: they focus/disperse and phase shift incident light in the optical near field, inside the resist layer. A number of different surface topographies have been examined, which give 50–250 nm features after exposure and development. This method gives patterns of complex features over large areas, in a parallel process, that can then be transferred into silicon or metal. It provides a method for controlling the intensity of light inside a thin film of photoresist.
BosR: A novel biofilm-specific regulator in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2022)

Biofilms are the most common cause of bacterial infections in humans and notoriously hard to treat due to their ability to withstand antibiotics and host immune defenses. To overcome the current lack of effective antibiofilm therapies and guide future design, the identification of novel biofilm-specific gene targets is crucial. In this regard, transcriptional regulators have been proposed as promising targets for antimicrobial drug design. Therefore, a Transposon insertion sequencing approach was employed to systematically identify regulators phenotypically affecting biofilm growth in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PA14 using the TnSeq analysis tools Bio-TraDIS and TRANSIT. A screen of a pool of 300,000 transposon insertion mutants identified 349 genes involved in biofilm growth on hydroxyapatite, including 47 regulators. Detection of 19 regulatory genes participating in well-established biofilm pathways validated the results. An additional 28 novel prospective biofilm regulators suggested the requirement for multiple one-component transcriptional regulators. Biofilm-defective phenotypes were confirmed for five one-component transcriptional regulators and a protein kinase, which did not affect motility phenotypes. The one-component transcriptional regulator <i>bosR</i> displayed a conserved role in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> biofilm growth since its ortholog in <i>P. aeruginosa</i> strain PAO1 was also required for biofilm growth. Microscopic analysis of a chromosomal deletion mutant of <i>bosR</i> confirmed the role of this regulator in biofilm growth. Overall, our results highlighted that the gene network driving biofilm growth is complex and involves regulators beyond the primarily studied groups of two-component systems and cyclic diguanylate signaling proteins. Furthermore, biofilm-specific regulators, such as <i>bosR</i>, might constitute prospective new drug targets to overcome biofilm infections.
2D and 3D Writing of Silver Nanostructures Through Multiphoton Photoreduction (2011)

We present a technique for direct writing silver nanostructures in 2D and 3D. Nonlinear optical interactions between a silver-ion doped resin and femtosecond pulses create silver nanostructures inside a dielectric matrix.
Early Prediction of Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors by Quantification of EGFR Mutations in Plasma of NSCLC Patients (2015)

Quantification of EGFR mutations from plasma with a standardized PCR test is feasible. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing a strong correlation between the EGFR SQI in the first days of treatment and clinical response with relevant implications for patient management.
Effect Modification by Sex and Baseline CD4 + Cell Count Among Adults Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Botswana: Results from a Clinical Trial (2012)

The Tshepo study was the first clinical trial to evaluate outcomes of adults receiving nevirapine (NVP)-based versus efavirenz (EFV)-based combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in Botswana. This was a 3 year study (n=650) comparing the efficacy and tolerability of various first-line cART regimens, stratified by baseline CD4(+): <200 (low) vs. 201-350 (high). Using targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE), we retrospectively evaluated the causal effect of assigned NNRTI on time to virologic failure or death [intent-to-treat (ITT)] and time to minimum of virologic failure, death, or treatment modifying toxicity [time to loss of virological response (TLOVR)] by sex and baseline CD4(+). Sex did significantly modify the effect of EFV versus NVP for both the ITT and TLOVR outcomes with risk differences in the probability of survival of males versus the females of approximately 6% (p=0.015) and 12% (p=0.001), respectively. Baseline CD4(+) also modified the effect of EFV versus NVP for the TLOVR outcome, with a mean difference in survival probability of approximately 12% (p=0.023) in the high versus low CD4(+) cell count group. TMLE appears to be an efficient technique that allows for the clinically meaningful delineation and interpretation of the causal effect of NNRTI treatment and effect modification by sex and baseline CD4(+) cell count strata in this study. EFV-treated women and NVP-treated men had more favorable cART outcomes. In addition, adults initiating EFV-based cART at higher baseline CD4(+) cell count values had more favorable outcomes compared to those initiating NVP-based cART.
Sound scattering from near-surface bubble clouds (1992)

Recently an experiment was conducted to measure sound scattering from submerged bubble clouds generated in a fresh water lake at a depth of 87.5 m [Roy etal., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 91, 2314(A) (1992)]. These clouds, which consisted of bubbles with a mean radius of 1.1 mm, were roughly cylindrical in shape with a nominal radius and length of 0.5 and 1.5 m, respectively. The backscatter target strengths measured below 1 kHz were large−of order 0 dB. Although the bubble size distributions were larger than those observed in the open ocean, these measurements, nevertheless, demonstrate the collective behavior characteristic of small bubbles occupying an acoustically compact space. This paper briefly reviews these experimental results and compares the acoustic characteristics of our clouds with those generated by breaking waves at sea. First, the dispersion curves and damping characteristics for these clouds are presented. Second, calculations for spherical and cylindrical clouds showing the scattering characteristics from the low to high frequencies are presented. Finally, the effect of the rough sea surface is estimated. [Work supported by ONR, ONT, AEAS, and NUSC/IR.]
Conditioning Safety Index of Ni-Rich Cathode Oxides for Lithium Ion Batteries (2017)

Ni-rich cathode materials with high energy density has degradation issue of electrochemical performance due to the significant side reaction between electrolyte and cathode. To solve this, a Full Concentration Gradient (FCG) materials consisting of a high-Ni core and a relatively high-Mn outer layer was designed to provide improved stability as well as cycle life characteristic. However, a Ni-rich core still has some possibilities to be contact with electrolyte, especially if the particle in the core part is unexpectedly porous. We found the strategy to tune the particle porosity by controlling a feed rate of transition metal sulfate solutions and ammonium hydroxide solution during co-precipitation synthesis using Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR). Additionally, the effect of surfactant was studied in the standpoint of the electrode stability. The structural characteristics was compared for the materials obtained by different feed rate with analysis of by X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The interfacial kinetic reaction between the delithiated Ni-rich cathode and a nonaqueous electrolyte was investigated by our home-built high-precision leakage current measurement system. The result of this study indicated a different reaction phenomenon and further implies that the safety of Ni-rich cathode by co-precipitation could be controlled.
Non-Abelian nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries (2022)

The Hofstadter model exemplifies a large class of physical systems characterized by particles hopping on a lattice immersed in a gauge field. Recent advancements on various synthetic platforms have enabled highly controllable simulations of such systems with tailored gauge fields featuring complex spatial textures. These synthetic gauge fields could introduce synthetic symmetries that do not appear in electronic materials. Here, in an $\mathrm{SU}(2)$ non-Abelian Hofstadter model, we theoretically show the emergence of multiple nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries, which combine an internal unitary antisymmetry with fractional spatial translation. Depending on the values of the gauge fields, the nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries can exhibit non-Abelian algebra and protect Kramers quartet states in the bulk band structure, creating general fourfold degeneracy at all momenta. These nonsymmorphic chiral symmetries protect double Dirac semimetals at zero energy, which become gapped into quantum confined insulating phases upon introducing a boundary. Moreover, the parity of the system size can determine whether the resulting insulating phase is trivial or topological. Our work indicates a pathway for creating topology via synthetic symmetries emergent from synthetic gauge fields.