gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-ray Imaging for Gastrointestinal Tracking of Microscale Oral Drug Delivery Devices (2021)

Microscale devices are promising tools to overcome specific challenges within oral drug delivery. Despite the availability of advanced high-quality imaging techniques, visualization and tracking of microscale devices in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is still a challenge. This work explores the possibilities of applying planar X-ray imaging and computed tomography (CT) scanning for visualization and tracking of microscale devices in the GI tract of rats. Microcontainers (MCs) are an example of microscale devices that have shown great potential as an oral drug delivery system. Barium sulfate (BaSO<sub>4</sub>) loaded into the cavity of the MCs increases their overall X-ray contrast, which allows them to be easily tracked. The BaSO<sub>4</sub>-loaded MCs are quantitatively tracked throughout the entire GI tract of rats by planar X-ray imaging and visualized in 3D by CT scanning. The majority of the BaSO<sub>4</sub>-loaded MCs are observed to retain in the stomach for 0.5-2 h, enter the cecum after 3-4 h, and leave the cecum and colon 8-10 h post-administration. The imaging approaches can be adopted and used with other types of microscale devices when investigating GI behavior in, for example, preclinical trials and potential clinical studies.
Conception de tags et capteurs RFID sans puce brodés sur textile (2014)

International audience
Effects of concurrent administration of nevirapine on the disposition of quinine in healthy volunteers (2009)

Nevirapine significantly alters the pharmacokinetics of quinine. An increase in the dose of quinine may be necessary when the drug is co-administered with nevirapine.
Performance of tri-layer process required for 22 nm and beyond (2011)

Silicon-containing antireflection coating (SiARC) and spin-on carbon (SOC) under-layers have been widely implemented for advanced semiconductor manufacturing since the 45 nm node. The combination of SiARC and SOC promises a superior solution for reflection control and a high etch selectivity. With the industry marching towards 22 nm and beyond, the tri-layer materials and processes are being finely tuned to meet the requirements. We report comprehensive evaluation results of the SiARC (with high silicon content) and carbon under-layer from manufacturing perspective. It focuses on the performances that are required to extend the tri-layer applications from the original 45 nm nodes to 22 nm and beyond, such as thickness selection, etch selectivity, resist compatibility, rework capability, and under-layer pattern wiggling issues.
Difinite-sequenced oligonucleotides shackled with tetraphenylporphyrin: syntheses and properties. (1995)

Oligonucleotides shackled with tetraphenylporphyrin at internucleotide phosphodiester linkage were synthesized and their properties were investigated. The derivatives can hybridize with the complementary oligonucleotide completely. Introduction of porphyrin into the oligonucleotide has little effect on the helix structure and hybridization entirely changes the electronic environment of the porphyrin moiety. Therefore, it is expected that the derivatives locate the photoactive phosphorus(V)porphyrin moiety in close proximity to the target site of DNA.
Transcriptional control of the chicken cardiac myosin light-chain gene is mediated by two AT-rich cis-acting DNA elements and binding of serum response factor. (1993)

Transcriptional control of the cardiac/slow skeletal alkali myosin light-chain (MLC1c/1s) gene is mediated, in part, by two highly conserved AT-rich cis-acting elements present in the immediate 5' flanking region. These elements cooperate to form an enhancer that can impart tissue specificity to heterologous promoters that are themselves not tissue specific in their pattern of expression. In the chicken, one of these elements matches the binding site for myocyte-specific enhancer-binding factor 2, while the other is a cis-acting element present in the transcriptional control regions of all striated alkali MLC genes (except MLC3f) and is referred to as the MLC box. The central decanucleotide core region of the MLC box closely resembles the CArG (CC[A/T]6GG) box of the serum response element, and the binding of muscle nuclear protein complexes to this element can be competed for with a synthetic serum response element. On the basis of their competition profiles and requirements for nonspecific competitor, two nuclear protein complexes, which compete for binding to the CArG-like region of the MLC box, have been identified. One of the complexes binds to a mutation of the CArG-like region that inactivates transcription of a linked reporter gene, while binding of the other complex is inhibited by this mutation. This latter complex reacts with an antibody to serum response factor (SRF) and exhibits the same binding characteristics as purified SRF. These results demonstrate that transcriptional control of the chicken MLC1c/1s gene resides in an upstream enhancer that is composed of two separate AT-rich elements, both of which are required to drive expression of a linked reporter gene. The binding of a nuclear protein complex containing SRF to one of these elements, the MLC box, is required for gene activation and apparently inhibited by other nuclear factors whose binding overlaps that of the SRF complex.
Dendritic Cell-Derived Exosomes as Cell-Free Peptide-Based Vaccines (2005)

Dendritic cells (DC) are professional antigen-presenting cells and the only ones capable of inducing primary cytotoxic immune responses both in vivo and in vitro. DCs secrete a 60-100 nm membrane vesicle population of endocytic origin, called exosomes. The lipid and protein composition of DC-derived exosomes (DEX) is now well characterized. Besides MHC and costimulatory molecules, DEX bear several adhesion proteins, which are probably involved in their specific targeting. DEX also accumulate several cytosolic factors, most likely involved in exosome's biogenesis in late endosomes. In 1998, we reported that DEX are immunogenic in mice and lead to tumor rejection. These findings have renewed the interest in DEX. The current challenge consists of understanding the mechanisms and the physiological relevance of DEX, which could contribute to the design of the optimal DEX-based vaccination. In this review, we focus on the biological features of DEX and their immunostimulatory functions in mice and humans, and we discuss their potential clinical implementation in the immunotherapy of cancer.
Improvement of Inlet System in Spray-Jet Molecular Beam Apparatus (2006)

A spray-jet molecular beam apparatus, which produces a molecular beam of neutral molecules in a vacuum from the sprayed mist of a sample solution, was previously developed. The apparatus was used in spectroscopic studies or as a means of molecular deposition. The spray-jet inlet system consisted of an ultrasonic nebulizer, an inlet chamber, and a pulsed nozzle. We report herein our experiments with alternative spray-jet inlet system that replaces the previous ultrasonic nebulizer with a pneumatic nebulizer. The efficiency of molecular beam generation was evaluated on the basis of the signal intensity of the multiphoton ionization time-of-flight mass spectra (MPI–TOFMS) for sample solutions and the amount of sample consumed. Introduction of the pneumatic spray-jet inlet system increased efficiency by a factor of 20 or more.
VulnEx: Exploring Open-Source Software Vulnerabilities in Large Development Organizations to Understand Risk Exposure (2021)

The prevalent usage of open-source software (OSS) has led to an increased interest in resolving potential third-party security risks by fixing common vulnerabilities and exposures (CVEs). However, even with automated code analysis tools in place, security analysts often lack the means to obtain an overview of vulnerable OSS reuse in large software organizations. In this design study, we propose VULNEX (Vulnerability Explorer), a tool to audit entire software development organizations. We introduce three complementary table based representations to identify and assess vulnerability exposures due to OSS, which we designed in collaboration with security analysts. The presented tool allows examining problematic projects and applications (repositories), third-party libraries, and vulnerabilities across a software organization. We show the applicability of our tool through a use case and preliminary expert feedback.
Characterization of renal hyperemia in portal hypertensive rats (1986)

In anesthetized sham-operated control (C) and portal vein stenosed (PVS) rats, renal blood flow (RBF) was measured with radioactive microspheres on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 following surgery. On day 2, only a small increase in RBF (19%) was produced in PVS versus C rats. However, by day 4, a significant increase in RBF (35%) was observed in PVS versus C animals. By day 6, the renal hyperemia in PVS rats reached a maximal value that was 42% higher than in C rats. Thereafter (on days 8 and 10), the renal hyperemia remained at the maximal value. In a separate group of 10-day PVS rats, glucagon antiserum failed to attenuate the 44% increase in RBF observed in PVS versus C rats. Radioimmunoassay of C and PVS plasma (10-day samples) revealed that vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, substance P, cholecystokinin/gastrin, neurotensin, pancreatic polypeptide, beta-endorphin, and peptide histidine-isoleucine amide are not elevated in arterial plasma of PVS rats. These data indicate that the renal hyperemia induced by chronic portal hypertension is manifested within 4 days after the hypertensive insult. Our studies also suggest that at least 9 blood-borne gastrointestinal peptides are not directly involved in the renal response to portal vein stenosis.
5‘ Modification of Duplex DNA with a Ruthenium Electron Donor−Acceptor Pair Using Solid-Phase DNA Synthesis (2003)

Incorporation of metalated nucleosides into DNA through covalent modification is crucial to measurement of thermal electron-transfer rates and the dependence of these rates with structure, distance, and position. Here, we report the first synthesis of an electron donor-acceptor pair of 5' metallonucleosides and their subsequent incorporation into oligonucleotides using solid-phase DNA synthesis techniques. Large-scale syntheses of metal-containing oligonucleotides are achieved using 5' modified phosporamidites containing [Ru(acac)(2)(IMPy)](2+) (acac is acetylacetonato; IMPy is 2'-iminomethylpyridyl-2'-deoxyuridine) (3) and [Ru(bpy)(2)(IMPy)](2+) (bpy is 2,2'-bipyridine; IMPy is 2'-iminomethylpyridyl-2'-deoxyuridine) (4). Duplexes formed with the metal-containing oligonucleotides exhibit thermal stability comparable to the corresponding unmetalated duplexes (T(m) of modified duplex = 49 degrees C vs T(m) of unmodified duplex = 47 degrees C). Electrochemical (3, E(1/2) = -0.04 V vs NHE; 4, E(1/2) = 1.12 V vs NHE), absorption (3, lambda(max) = 568, 369 nm; 4, lambda(max) = 480 nm), and emission (4, lambda(max) = 720 nm, tau = 55 ns, Phi = 1.2 x 10(-)(4)) data for the ruthenium-modified nucleosides and oligonucleotides indicate that incorporation into an oligonucleotide does not perturb the electronic properties of the ruthenium complex or the DNA significantly. In addition, the absence of any change in the emission properties upon metalated duplex formation suggests that the [Ru(bpy)(2)(IMPy)](2+)[Ru(acac)(2)(IMPy)](2+) pair will provide a valuable probe for DNA-mediated electron-transfer studies.
Phosphatidylinositol phosphates directly bind to neurofilament light chain (NF-L) for the regulation of NF-L self assembly (2011)

Phosphatidylinositol phosphates (PtdInsPs) are ubiquitous membrane phospholipids that play diverse roles in cell growth and differentiation. To clarify the regulation mechanism acting on neurofilament light chain (NF-L) self assembly, we examined the effects of various PtdInsPs on this process. We found that PtdInsPs, including PI(4,5)P((2)), directly bind to the positively charged Arg(54) of murine NF-L, and this binding promotes NF-L self assembly in vitro. Mutant NF-L (R53A/R54A) proteins lacking binding affinity to PtdInsPs did not have the same effect, but the mutant NF-L proteins showed greater self assembly than the wild-type in the absence of any PtdInsP. These results collectively suggest that Arg(54) plays a pivotal role in NF-L self assembly by binding with PtdInsPs.
Mechanisms Underlying Blockade of Allograft Acceptance by TLR Ligands (2008)

Immune activation via TLRs is known to prevent transplantation tolerance in multiple animal models. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this barrier to tolerance induction, we used complementary murine models of skin and cardiac transplantation in which prolonged allograft acceptance is either spontaneous or pharmacologically induced with anti-CD154 mAb and rapamycin. In each model, we found that prolonged allograft survival requires the presence of natural CD4(+)Foxp3(+) T regulatory cells (Tregs), and that the TLR9 ligand CpG prevents graft acceptance both by interfering with natural Treg function and by promoting the differentiation of Th1 effector T cells in vivo. We further demonstrate that although Th17 cells differentiate from naive alloreactive T cells, these cells do not arise from natural Tregs in either CpG-treated or untreated graft recipients. Finally, we show that CpG impairs natural Treg suppressor capability and prevents Treg-dependent allograft acceptance in an IL-6-independent fashion. Our data therefore suggest that TLR signals do not prevent prolonged graft acceptance by directing natural Tregs into the Th17 lineage or by using other IL-6-dependent mechanisms. Instead, graft destruction results from the ability of CpG to drive Th1 differentiation and interfere with immunoregulation established by alloreactive natural CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Tregs.
Additions and Corrections - Acyclic Stereocontrol in Catalyzed Intramolecular Diels-Alder Cyclizations of 4-Methyl-2,8,10-undecatrienals. (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleAdditions and Corrections - Acyclic Stereocontrol in Catalyzed Intramolecular Diels-Alder Cyclizations of 4-Methyl-2,8,10-undecatrienals.James Marshall, James Audia, and Jonathon GroteCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 22, 4326Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online15 October 2003Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00372a613https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00372a613research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Metabolism of AGEs – Bacterial AGEs Are Degraded by Metallo-Proteases (2013)

Advanced Glycation End Products (AGEs) are the final products of non-enzymatic protein glycation that results in loss of protein structure and function. We have previously shown that in E. coli AGEs are continually formed as high-molecular weight protein complexes. Moreover, we showed that AGEs are removed from the cells by an active, ATP-dependent secretion and that these secreted molecules have low molecular weight. Taken together, these results indicate that E. coli contains a fraction of low molecular weight AGEs, in addition to the high-molecular weight AGEs. Here we show that the low-molecular weight AGEs originate from high-molecular weight AGEs by proteolytic degradation. Results of in-vitro and in vivo experiments indicated that this degradation is carried out not by the major ATP-dependent proteases that are responsible for the main part of bacterial protein quality control but by an alternative metal-dependent proteolysis. This proteolytic reaction is essential for the further secretion of AGEs from the cells. As the biochemical reactions involving AGEs are not yet understood, the implication of a metalloprotease in breakdown of high molecular weight AGEs and their secretion constitutes an important step in the understanding of AGEs metabolism.
Supplementary Figure 6 from The Gut Microbiome Associates with Immune Checkpoint Inhibition Outcomes in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer (2023)

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Dynamic Stall Control by Periodic Excitation, Part 2: Mechanisms (2001)

Dynamic e ow separation and its control over a stationary dee ected surface are used to demonstrate the timescale disparity between the process of dynamic stall, which is dominated by the dynamic stall vortex (DSV), and the excitation-induced large coherent structures that effect its control. Appreciation of this disparity provided a framework for analyzing dynamic stall control on a NACA 0015 airfoil, where leading-edge excitation had effectively eliminated the DSV and signie cantly attenuated trailing-edge separation. Within this framework, a comparisonofstaticandairfoilphase-lockeddynamicpressuredataacquiredin thevicinity ofmaximum incidence (® o 25 deg) revealed that chordwise pressure distributions were independent of the airfoil pitching frequency and that the generation and advection of LCSs were not signie cantly affected by the dynamic airfoil pitching motion.Furthermore,disparitiesbetweenstaticanddynamicdatadiminishedastheexcitationfrequencyincreased relative to the airfoil pitching frequency. Oscillations of the aerodynamic coefe cients induced by the excitations were negligibly small but served to regulateairfoil cycle-to-cycle disparities typical of the baselinepoststall regime.
Influence of the Benzyloxycarbonyl Protective Group on Glycosylation with Mannopyranosyl Donors (2006)

The perbenzyloxycarbonylation of D‐mannose, D‐glucose, and D‐galactose was achieved in high yield. In the mannose series, the selective removal of the anomeric benzyloxycarbonyl group followed by the activation of the anomeric position furnished, depending on the activation conditions, either a bromo glycosyl donor or a trichloroacetimidate donor. The trichloroacetimidate donor, protected by benzyloxycarbonyl groups, was used successfully for the synthesis of a disaccharide.
High-speed and High-reliability Optical Selector for 256×256 Large-scale, Nanosecond-order Optical Switching (2008)

We have developed a high-performance 8-input and 1-output optical selector for 256×256-ports optical switching systems. This optical selector provides compactness and high reliability as well as high-speed switching of a few nanoseconds.
Breakthroughs in Terahertz Science and Technology in 2009 (2010)

Terahertz science and technology continues to advance at a rapid pace. This article reviews a few of the most exciting advances from 2009, including reports in high-field THz science, imaging, and plasmonics.
Mitigation of photodegradation in 790nm-pumped Tm-doped fibers (2010)

The capability of Tm-doped silica fibers pumped at 790nm to efficiently produce high power emission in the 1.9~2.1&#956;m region has been well documented to date but little has been presented on the reliability of this technology. Early experiments highlighted that photodarkening can be a significant concern when Tm-doped silica fibers are exposed to high intensity blue light. We present a discussion of the processes responsible for the production of blue light in Tmdoped fibers pumped at 790nm and how fiber composition influences these processes. Through optimization of fiber composition we have demonstrated highly efficient lasers exhibiting less than 1% output power degradation per thousand hours.
Laterality of visuo-spatial attention in acute and chronic schizophrenia, major depression and in healthy controls (1995)

Previous studies have suggested that schizophrenia is characterized by an asymmetry of visuo-spatial attention, in particular that acute unmedicated schizophrenics demonstrate relative inattention to right hemispace, whereas chronically medicated patients demonstrate the opposite pattern. In the present study, 30 unmedicated schizophrenic patients, 32 chronically medicated schizophrenic patients, 30 patients suffering from major depression and 60 healthy controls were assessed using two measures of hemispatial attentional neglect, namely letter and star cancellation. The results demonstrated that the chronic schizophrenic group made more total omissions for star cancellation (in both right and left hemispace), but that there was no difference between the groups in terms of omission asymmetry for either letter or star cancellation.
Titanium Oxynitride Interlayer to Influence Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Corrosion Stability of Pt and Pt–Ni Alloy (2014)

A key advancement target for oxygen reduction reaction catalysts is to simultaneously improve both the electrochemical activity and durability. To this end, the efficacy of a new highly conductive support that comprises of a 0.5 nm titanium oxynitride film coated by atomic layer deposition onto an array of carbon nanotubes has been investigated. Support effects for pure platinum and for a platinum (50 at %)/nickel alloy have been considered. Oxynitride induces a downshift in the d-band center for pure platinum and fundamentally changes the platinum particle size and spatial distribution. This results in major enhancements in activity and corrosion stability relative to an identically synthesized catalyst without the interlayer. Conversely, oxynitride has a minimal effect on the electronic structure and microstructure, and therefore, on the catalytic performance of platinum-nickel. Calculations based on density functional theory add insight with regard to compositional segregation that occurs at the alloy catalyst-support interface.
A switched-coupling-capacitor equalizer for series-connected battery strings (2017)

An automatic switched-coupling-capacitor equalizer (SCCE) is proposed, which can realize the any-cells-to-any-cells equalization for a battery string. Only two switches and one capacitor are needed for each battery cell. All MOSFETs are controlled by a pair of complementary PWM signals, and energy can be automatically and directly delivered from any higher voltage cells to any lower voltage ones without the need of monitoring circuits. The inherent advantages of the proposed system are the simple control, high efficiency, and easy modularization. A prototype for four lithium-ion battery cells is implemented, and a comparison between the proposed circuit and the conventional one is presented. Experimental results show the proposed circuit exhibits a substantially improved balancing performance, and the measured peak efficiency is about 92.7%.