gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combustion Chamber Deposit Flaking Studies Using a Road Test Procedure (2002)

ABSTRACT A new field problem associated with flakes of combustion chamber deposit (CCD) getting trapped on the exhaust valve seat has been reported by several car manufacturers in Europe. This causes difficulties in start-up and poor driveability. A road test procedure that is reasonably quick and sensitive to fuel changes has been developed to study the deposit flaking problem. The flaking of the deposits is believed to be caused by water – either generated by combustion or existing in the ambient air as water vapour – condensing on the deposits. Water is much more effective than fuel in causing deposit flaking. A way of quantifying the deposit flaking tendency has been defined and its repeatability established based on twenty-nine tests using two different cars and different fuels and additives. There are large differences between base fuels in terms of CCD flaking. Deposit flaking tendency is reduced by running the car in a higher duty cycle or by using conventional detergent additive packages particularly at higher dose rates. The extent of such an effect of additives also depends on the base fuel. The same test methodology was also used to study two different car models by another manufacturer that differed significantly in terms of the field problems associated with deposit flaking; it was found that the test results agreed with the field experience.
PATHOLOGY AND VIRUS DETECTION IN TISSUES OF NESTLING HOUSE SPARROWS NATURALLY INFECTED WITH BUGGY CREEK VIRUS (TOGAVIRIDAE) (2010)

Alphaviruses (Togaviridae) infect wild birds, but clinical illness and death attributable to virus in naturally infected birds is rarely reported, particularly for small passerine species or nestlings. Buggy Creek virus is a unique alphavirus in the Western equine encephalomyelitis virus (WEEV) complex that is vectored by the cimicid swallow bug (Oeciacus vicarius), an ectoparasite of the colonially nesting Cliff Swallow (Petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and the introduced House Sparrow (Passer domesticus). While sampling birds for Buggy Creek virus (BCRV) during the summers of 2007 and 2008, we discovered large numbers of clinically ill or dead House Sparrow nestlings. Ill nestlings exhibited ataxia, torticollis, paresis, and lethargy. Histologic examination revealed that encephalitis was the most common finding, followed by myositis, myocarditis, and hepatic changes, but pathology was highly variable. We isolated BCRV from brain tissue in most of the ill or dead nestlings, and from blood, liver, kidney, spleen, lung, feather pulp, and skin in some birds. To our knowledge, this is the first report of clinical illness, gross pathology, and histopathology for a WEEV-complex alphavirus in a field-collected passerine species.
Method of LTPS TFT with fin-like structure and its channel self-selective enhanced crystallization (2005)

Forming high-quality Si film on glass with low cost has become one of key challenges in making high performance low temperature poly-Si TFT (LTPS) for future SOG applications. A new method of applying a finlike channel structure into the LTPS TFT is proposed. During the simple ELC process, the geometry size difference between the source/drain (S/D) and the channel region produces a new effect of self-selective enhanced crystallization on the fin-like channel. Via this effect, a high quality poly-Si with larger grain, smoother surface and more compact grain arrangement is achieved. Meanwhile, just like its precursor the SOI FinFET, the fin-like LTPS TFT structure demonstrates a sharp subthreshold slope, and higher transconductance and short channel effect immunity than the conventional thin film device. This was confirmed by ISE simulation.
Suppl. Figure S1 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S1: Evaluation of HST screening.&lt;/p&gt;
Robust Multi-View Change Detection (2007)

We present a multi-view change detection approach aimed at being robust with respect to common “disturbance factors” yielding image changes in realworld applications. Disturbance factors causing “slow” or “fast-and-global” image variations, such as light changes and dynamic adjustments of camera parameters (e.g. auto-exposure and auto-gain control), are dealt with by a proper single-view change detector run independently on each view. The computed change masks are then fused into a “synergy mask” defined into a common virtual top-view, so as to detect and filter-out “fast-and-local” image changes due to physical points lying on the ground surface (e.g. shadows cast by moving objects and light spots hitting the ground surface).
Diffusion Barrier (2016)

This Glossary of Terms Related to Pharmaceutics is needed by practitioners in the field of pharmaceutics as this field fulfills an important and crucial role, different from the roles of other scientific disciplines involved in the drugmaking process. The glossary contains 168 definitions used in pharmaceutics. These are related to various aspects of this discipline, such as: (1) physicochemical characterization of pharmaceutical preparations and the active ingredients they contain; (2) unit operations used in the practice of pharmaceutics; (3) terms related to the various dosage forms; (4) terms related to the various modes and routes of drug delivery; (5) terms used in pharmacokinetics and biopharmaceutics in general; and additional miscellaneous terms. The field of pharmaceutics itself is of a multidisciplinary nature as its practitioners come from a variety of disciplines, such as chemistry or various biological sciences, thus a glossary containing authoritative definitions would be useful for them. The terms used in pharmaceutics are rarely covered by existing glossaries, and in the cases they are, their definitions are often inappropriate for the field of pharmaceutics and require new or modified definitions to better fit the new context.
Towards a Machine Learning Approach to Predicting the Difficulty of FPGA Routing Problems (2023)

In this poster, we present a Machine Learning (ML) technique to predict the number of iterations needed for a Pathfinder-based FPGA router to complete a routing problem. Given a placed circuit, our technique uses features gathered on each routing iteration to predict if the circuit is routable and how many more iterations will be required to successfully route the circuit. This enables early exit for routing problems which are unlikely to be completed in a target number of iterations. Such early exit may help to achieve a successful route within tractable time by allowing the user to quickly retry the circuit compilation with a different random seed, a modified circuit design, or a different FPGA. We demonstrate our predictor in the VTR 8 framework; compared to VTR's predictor, our ML predictor incurs lower prediction errors on the Koios Deep Learning benchmark suite. This corresponds with an approximate time saving of 48% from early rejection of unroutable FPGA designs while also successfully completing 5% more routable designs and having a 93% shorter early exit latency.
<title>Correlation analysis of pseudo-identical structures for pattern recognition</title> (1996)

In this report we discuss the method of the analysis of pseudo-identical optical signals. Two similar images, composed by identical apertures, were taken as an example for examination. The difference in their structures can be connected with the value of the apertures' function of transmittance, with the inter-apertures' separation along one direction, or with both these factors simultaneously. The overall functions of the transmittance for this type of pseudo- identical structure can be measured up through comparison of the secondary Fourier spectrums of corresponding transmittance functions.
Dielectric properties of transformer oils for HVDC applications (2012)

The knowledge of the behavior of electric conductivity in mineral oils for possible applications in HVDC converter transformers is of paramount importance for proper design of their insulation system. This study presents the results of measurements of dielectric properties of various transformer oils by means of frequency response technique as well as time domain measurements, including measurements of ion mobility using the reversal polarity method. Influences imposed by varying the measurement voltage level and temperature are investigated. Some important parameters of the investigated oils, e.g. their conductivities, ion mobilities, ionic concentrations and effective ionic radiuses are compared and discussed. The results show that despite of similarities in various physical parameters of insulating mineral oils available on the market, the dielectric behavior and especially ionic conduction vary greatly between different oil types. Changes of these properties with temperature are characterized by different activation energies.
Coherent Dynamic Nuclear Polarization using Chirped Pulses (2023)

This paper presents a study of coherent dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) using frequency swept pulses at 94 GHz which optimize the polarization transfer efficiency. Accordingly, an enhancement ℇ∼496 was observed using 10mM trityl-OX063 as the polarizing agent in a standard d8-glycerol:D2O:H2O :: 6:3:1 glassing matrix at 70K. At present this is the largest DNP enhancement reported at this microwave frequency and temperature. Furthermore, the frequency swept pulses enhance the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) signal and reduce the recycle delay, accelerating the NMR signal acquisition.
Development and Validation of Clinical Scoring Tool to Predict Outcomes of Treatment With Vedolizumab in Patients With Ulcerative Colitis (2020)

We used data from a trial of patients with UC to develop a scoring system, called the CDST, which identified patients most likely to enter corticosteroid-free remission during vedolizumab therapy, but not anti-TNF therapy. We validated the vedolizumab CDST in a separate cohort of patients in clinical practice. The CDST identified patients most likely to benefited from reducing intervals of vedolizumab administration due to lack of initial response. ClinicalTrials.gov no: NCT00783718.
Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy (2007)

No AccessJournal of UrologyInvestigative urology1 Oct 2007Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy Ralph ClaymanM.D. Ralph ClaymanRalph Clayman More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2007.06.015AboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "Urolithiasis, Endourology and Laparoscopy." The Journal of Urology, 178(4), p. 1551 © 2007 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 178Issue 4October 2007Page: 1551 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2007 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Ralph Clayman More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement Loading ...
Wastewater to Ecological dyeing process and bioactive compounds resources: case study of Dittrichia graveolens hydrodistillation aqueous residue (2020)

Abstract The release of aqueous residues generated by the extraction process of essential oils presents a real risk of environmental pollution. This work aims to reduce this risk and produce value-added materials. The aqueous residue of Dittrichia graveolens ( D. graveolens ) hydrodistillation has been reused in two valorization ways: 1/ in the ecological dyeing. 2/ in biological field. First, a phytochemical study of the aqueous residue was carried out by determining the ployphenols and flavonoids content and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Second, the eco-dyeing process with the aqueous residue was performed on the polyamide fabric, the process was optimized by the surface response methodology using Minitab software and was evaluated by the fastness tests for the optimal conditions. Third, the aqueous residue was assessed for its biological activities. Promising coloring power and biological potential of the aqueous residue showed that this last could be an important source for developing environmentally friendly natural dyes and bioactive products.
Towards heterogeneous temporal clinical event pattern discovery (2012)

Large collections of electronic clinical records today provide us with a vast source of information on medical practice. However, the utilization of those data for exploratory analysis to support clinical decisions is still limited. Extracting useful patterns from such data is particularly challenging because it is longitudinal, sparse and heterogeneous. In this paper, we propose a Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) based framework using a convolutional approach for open-ended temporal pattern discovery over large collections of clinical records. We call the method One-Sided Convolutional NMF (OSC-NMF). Our framework can mine common as well as individual shift-invariant temporal patterns from heterogeneous events over different patient groups, and handle sparsity as well as scalability problems well. Furthermore, we use an event matrix based representation that can encode quantitatively all key temporal concepts including order, concurrency and synchronicity. We derive efficient multiplicative update rules for OSC-NMF, and also prove theoretically its convergence. Finally, the experimental results on both synthetic and real world electronic patient data are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Analytical Calculation of the Light Extraction Efficiency of Micro Cavities Light-Emitting Diodes (2007)

Using TracePro® Monte-Carlo ray-tracing simulations, this paper investigates the improved light extraction efficiency (LEE) obtained by patterning the surface and/or substrate of GaN LEDs with unique three-dimensional micro-cavity patterns. The simulations commence by considering the case of a sapphire-based GaN LED. The effects on the LEE of the micro-cavity dimensions, the absorption coefficient of the active layer, the point source location, and the chip dimensions are systematically examined. Subsequently, the LEE performance of the sapphire-based GaN LED is compared with that of a thin-GaN LED for various surface texturing strategies. In general, the results show that patterning either the surface or the substrate of the LED structure provides an effective improvement in the LEE of both the sapphire-based GaN LED and the thin- GaN LED. For both LED structures, the maximum LEE enhancement is obtained by patterning both the upper surface of the LED and the substrate surface. However, the simulation results indicate that the improvement obtained in the LEE is the result primarily of pattering the upper surface of the LED.
Gap states in undoped amorphous silicon studied by below-gap modulated photocurrent spectroscopy (1988)

Abstract The energetic distribution and nature of dangling-bond states in undoped a-Si: H have been investigated by a newly developed gap-state spectroscopy which is based on the frequency-resolved spectrum of modulated photocurrent with below-gap photoexcitation. The energy scale is directly specified by the energy of the below-gap light populating the particular gap states. The result has led to the conclusion that the peak of the gap-state distribution associated with doubly occupied dangling bonds (D-) is located about 0•5 eV below the conduction band edge. The analysis for the pre-exponential factor of the thermal emission rate of electron from the D- centre suggests that the emission occurs in two stages through excited states.
Multiresolution block matching algorithm and its LSI architecture for fast motion estimation in MPEG-2 video encoder (2003)

This paper proposes a fast multi-resolution block-matching algorithm (MRBMA) for MPEG-2 video encoding, which satisfies high estimation performance and efficient LSI implementation. MRBMA is based on the characteristic that field motion vector’s (MV’s) are very close to its corresponding frame MV. Firstly, MRBMA performs frame-based motion estimation (ME) as follows: At the coarsest level, two MV candidates are found on the basis of minimum matching error for the next level search. The two MV candidates from the coarsest level search and the other one based on spatial MV correlation are used as center points for three local searches at the middle level. At the finest level, a frame MV is obtained from a local search around a single candidate from the middle level search. Field MV’s are estimated with the single MV candidate from the middle level search of frame ME as initial estimates at the finest level, without any coarser level searches. This paper also describes a VLSI architecture based on MRBMA. This architecture is optimized to provide a good tradeoff between on-chip memory size and I/O bandwidth with high throughput. We implemented this architecture with about 140K gates and 25K bytes SRAM for a large search range of [-192.0, +191.5] by using a synthesizable Verilog HDL.
Investigation of Cu-BTA complex formation and removal on various Cu surface conditions (2014)

The effect of Cu surface conditions on Cu-BTA complex was investigated using ex-situ electrochemical impedance spectroscopy method. Cu-BTA complex is generated during Cu CMP process because BTA which is the most common corrosion inhibitor in Cu CMP slurry react with Cu and form a strong complex. Then it is very important to remove Cu-BTA complex during post-Cu CMP cleaning because Cu-BTA complex cause severe problem such as particle contamination and watermark due to its hydrophobic characteristic. The Cu-BTA complex formation at various Cu surfaces was investigated to understand its behavior, so the effective development will be possible in post-Cu CMP cleaning process.
Sensor Fusion-Oriented Fall Detection for Assistive Technologies Applications (2009)

A new trend in modern assistive technologies implies making extensive use of ICT to develop efficient and reliable "ambient intelligence" applications dedicated to disabled, elderly or frail people. In this paper we describe two fall detectors, based on bio-inspired algorithms. Such devices can either operate independently or be part of a modular and easily extensible architecture, able to manage different areas of an intelligent environment. In this case, effective data fusion can be achieved, thanks to the complementary nature of the sensors on which the detectors are based. One device is based on vision and can be implemented on a standard FPGA programmable logic. It relies on a simplified version of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. The other device under consideration is a wearable accelerometer-based fall detector, which relies on a recent soft-computing paradigm called hierarchical temporal memories (HTMs).
Dynamic Simulation for Zero-Gravity Activities (1999)

Working and training for space activities is difficult in terrestrial environments. We approach this crucial aspect of space human factors through 3D computer graphics dynamics simulation of crewmembers, their tasks, and physics-based movement modeling. Such virtual crewmembers may be used to design tasks and analyze their physical workload to maximize success and safety without expensive physical mockups or partially realistic neutral-buoyancy tanks. Among the software tools we have developed are methods for fully articulated 3D human models and dynamic simulation. We are developing a fast recursive dynamics algorithm for dynamically simulating articulated 3D human models, which comprises kinematic chains--serial, closed-loop, and tree-structure-- as well as the inertial properties of the segments. Motion planning is done by first solving the inverse kinematic problem to generate possible trajectories, and then by solving the resulting nonlinear optimal control problem. For example, the minimization of the torques during a simulation under certain constraints is usually applied and has its origin in the biomechanics literature. Examples of space activities shown are zero-gravity self orientation and ladder traversal. Energy expenditure is computed for the traversal task.
Congenic mapping and functional analysis of a second component of the MHC-linked diabetogenic gene (Idd16) (2000)

By using a congenic non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse strain that possesses a recombinant major histocompatibility complex (MHC) from a diabetes-resistant sister strain, the CTS mouse, we have previously mapped a second component of the MHC linked susceptibility gene (Idd16) to the <11.8- centiMorgan (cM) segment of chromosome 17 adjacent to, but distinct from class II A and E genes (Idd1). To further localise and characterise Idd16, CTS-derived non-diabetogenic genetic interval, identified in our previous study, was transferred onto the NOD background, and a new recombinant with recombination breakpoint at 1.3-cM proximal to the previous congenic chromosome was obtained among 49 intercrosses of heterozygous mice. The frequency of type 1 diabetes in mice possessing the new recombinant chromosome was lower than that in the parental NOD strain, as in the case of the previous congenic strain. The tumor necrosis factor a gene (Tnf), a strong candidate gene for type 1 diabetes, is located within the newly localized Idd16 interval. Although our previous study indicated that the sequences of exons and exon-intron junctions of Tnf in the NOD mouse were identical to those in the control mouse, defective expression of TNFα may well contribute to Idd16 effect. We therefore determined plasma TNFα levels in NOD and CTS mice. TNFa levels under basal conditions and after stimulation with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS), however, were comparable among NOD, CTS and control mice. These data suggest that Idd16 is located in the <10.5- cM segment of chromosome 17 adjacent to Idd1, and that defective expression of TNFa may not be responsible for Idd16 effect, at least under the condition used in the present study.
Association of common genetic variants with brain microbleeds (2020)

Genetic variants in the <i>APOE</i> region are associated with the presence of BMB, most likely due to the <i>APOE</i> ε4 allele count related to a higher number of strictly lobar BMBs. Genetic predisposition to small vessel disease confers risk of BMB, indicating genetic overlap with other cerebral small vessel disease markers.
Smallest Nanotube: Breaking the Symmetry ofsp3Bonds in Tubular Geometries (2001)

We describe how sp(2) carbon, threefold coordinated by other carbons, can be replaced by sp(3) carbon, also threefold carbon coordinated, to produce extremely small-diameter ( approximately 0.4 nm) carbon nanowires with only minimal bond-angle distortion. Under a naming convention analogous to that for ordinary carbon nanotubes, the smallest sp(3) tubes have wrapping indices (3,0) and (2,2). These systems have large band gaps and a stiffness larger even than that of traditional sp(2)-bonded carbon nanotubes. They therefore form the stiffest one-dimensional systems known.