gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cardiac adenylyl cyclase type 8 overexpression increases locomotor activity in mice by modulating EEG-gamma oscillations (2021)

Abstract The central nervous system modulates heart function on a beat-to-beat basis via increasingly understood mechanisms. Conversely, whether and how humoral/functional cardiac variations shape brain activity and adaptive behavior remains unclear. This study shows that mice overexpressing adenylyl cyclase type 8 in myocytes (TGAC8), characterized by persistently elevated heart rate/contractility, also display increased locomotion. This effect is sustained by enhanced gamma rhythms, as evidenced by simultaneous behavioral and EEG/ECG monitoring. These changes are specific because they are not paralleled by other modifications, such as heightened anxiety-like behavior. In unison, TGAC8 mice hippocampus exhibits upregulated GABA-A receptors, whose activation chiefly accounts for gamma activity generation. Moreover, the Granger causality analysis between ECG and EEG attests to the causal involvement of the autonomic component of the heartbeat in shaping EEG gamma oscillations in a bottom-up modality. Mechanistically, TGAC8 harbors elevated circulating dopamine/DOPA levels of cardiac origin and upregulated hippocampal D5 dopamine receptor levels. In synergy with the GABA-A receptor, D5 activation favors hippocampal inhibitory currents that drive EEG gamma oscillations. These studies, therefore, inform how heart-initiated functional and/or humoral modifications reverberate back to the brain to modulate specific primary adaptive responses, such as locomotion. Significance The brain is continuously aware of the functional status of many bodily organs, modulating, for instance, the heart’s activity beat-by-beat. Conversely, how cardiac activity modifications impact brain function and behavior is less understood. We disclose that augmenting myocyte adenyl cyclase 8 (AC8) activity in mice increases their locomotion. Elevated cardiac AC8 levels lead to higher circulating dopamine and DOPA, hormones crucially involved in movement control, and increased expression of the hippocampus’s GABA-A and D5 receptors; the activation of the latter modifies hippocampal gamma oscillations shaping locomotor activity. Thus, the brain interprets changes in myocardial AC8 activity as a “sustained exercise-like” situation and responds by activating areas commanding to increase locomotion.
MR imaging of antigen‐induced arthritis with a new, folate receptor‐targeted contrast agent (2007)

The purpose of this study was to investigate if the new folate receptor-targeted Gd-chelate P866 may enhance immune-mediated arthritis. A monoarthritis was induced in the right knee of 15 Sprague-Dawley rats. MR imaging of both knees was performed at 2 T before and up to 2 h and 24 h after injection (p.i.) of P866 (n = 3 dose finding study and n = 6, 0.02 mmol Gd/kg), the non-FR targeted P866 analog P1001 (n = 3 at 24 h after P866-administration, 0.02 mmol Gd/kg) or Gd-DOTA (n = 6, 0.1 mmol Gd/kg). Pulse sequences comprised T(1)-SPGR 80 degrees /50 ms/1.7 ms (flip angle/TR/TE) and inversion recovery 10 degrees /3000 ms/1500 ms/50-3050, 10 000 ms (flip angle/TR/TE/TI) sequences. DeltaSI-data and T(1)-relaxation times of arthritic knees and contralateral normal knees were determined. Folate receptor expression was confirmed with histopathology. All three contrast agents showed an initial perfusion effect with significantly higher DeltaSI-data of arthritic knees compared with normal knees (p < 0.05). In addition, P866, but not P1001 or Gd-DOTA, showed a prolonged enhancement of the synovitis. Compared with precontrast values, the T(1)-relaxation times of inflamed synovia were significantly decreased at 2 h p.i. of P866 (p < 0.05), but not P1001 or Gd-DOTA (p > 0.05). Histopathology confirmed the presence of folate receptors in the inflamed joints, but not normal joints. Thus, results suggest a specific accumulation of the folate receptor-targeted Gd-chelate P866 in this arthritis model.
Phase formation and microstructure development in silver-clad Bi-2223 multifilament composite conductors (1999)

Phase evolution and microstructure development in silver-clad Bi-2223 composite conductors have been investigated as a function of filament count (mono, 19, 85 and 361), precursor powder type (metallic powder or oxide powder), oxygen partial pressure (<10-3 to 0.13 atm), temperature (790-855 °C) and time (0-6000 min). Favourable conditions for rapid Bi-2223 phase formation and stability were achieved with an oxygen partial pressure around 0.08 atm, regardless of precursor type or filament count. In general, the rate of the Bi-2223 formation reaction increased and the width of the temperature window for rapid kinetics became broader as the filament count increased. The most rapid kinetics and the broadest heat treatment window were observed for the 361-filament metallic powder composite. These trends in Bi-2223 formation rate and stability are believed to be associated with the increased proximity of powder to silver as the filament count increases and the filament transverse dimensions become smaller. For each conductor type (in terms of precursor form and filament type) there was an optimum processing temperature in ca 0.08 atm O2 that produced a well-developed Bi-2223 grain colony microstructure with the least amount of second-phase. This optimum temperature was near the peak of the reaction rate versus temperature profile.
Genome‐wide significant linkage of schizophrenia‐related neuroanatomical trait to 12q24 (2015)

The insula and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) share functional, histological, transcriptional, and developmental characteristics, and they serve higher cognitive functions of theoretical relevance to schizophrenia and related disorders. Meta-analyses and multivariate analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans indicate that gray matter density and volume reductions in schizophrenia are the most consistent and pronounced in a network primarily composed of the insula and mPFC. We used source-based morphometry, a multivariate technique optimized for structural MRI, in a large sample of randomly ascertained pedigrees (N = 887) to derive an insula-mPFC component and to investigate its genetic determinants. Firstly, we replicated the insula-mPFC gray matter component as an independent source of gray matter variation in the general population, and verified its relevance to schizophrenia in an independent case-control sample. Secondly, we showed that the neuroanatomical variation defined by this component is largely determined by additive genetic variation (h(2) = 0.59), and genome-wide linkage analysis resulted in a significant linkage peak at 12q24 (LOD = 3.76). This region has been of significant interest to psychiatric genetics as it contains the Darier's disease locus and other proposed susceptibility genes (e.g., DAO, NOS1), and it has been linked to affective disorders and schizophrenia in multiple populations. Thus, in conjunction with previous clinical studies, our data imply that one or more psychiatric risk variants at 12q24 are co-inherited with reductions in mPFC and insula gray matter concentration. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A mobile phone based personal narrative system (2011)

Currently available commercial Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) technology makes little use of computing power to improve the access to words and phrases for personal narrative, an essential part of social interaction. In this paper, we describe the development and evaluation of a mobile phone application to enable data collection for a personal narrative system for children with severe speech and physical impairments (SSPI). Based on user feedback from the previous project "How was School today?" we developed a modular system where school staff can use a mobile phone to track interaction with people and objects and user location at school. The phone also allows taking digital photographs and recording voice message sets by both school staff and parents/carers at home. These sets can be played back by the child for immediate narrative sharing similar to established AAC device interaction using sequential voice recorders. The mobile phone sends all the gathered data to a remote server. The data can then be used for automatic narrative generation on the child's PC based communication aid. Early results from the ongoing evaluation of the application in a special school with two participants and school staff show that staff were able to track interactions, record voice messages and take photographs. Location tracking was less successful, but was supplemented by timetable information. The participating children were able to play back voice messages and show photographs on the mobile phone for interactive narrative sharing using both direct and switch activated playback options.
Three‐dimensional transperineal ultrasound for imaging mesh implants following sacrocolpopexy (2014)

Mesh visualization following minimally invasive abdominal sacrocolpopexy procedures using transperineal 3D/four-dimensional (4D) ultrasound is feasible. Studies are needed to evaluate the correlation between ultrasound measures and prolapse recurrence or mesh erosion.
Differential Effects of Allergen Challenge on Large and Small Airway Reactivity in Mice (2013)

The relative contributions of large and small airways to hyperresponsiveness in asthma have yet to be fully assessed. This study used a mouse model of chronic allergic airways disease to induce inflammation and remodelling and determine whether in vivo hyperresponsiveness to methacholine is consistent with in vitro reactivity of trachea and small airways. Balb/C mice were sensitised (days 0, 14) and challenged (3 times/week, 6 weeks) with ovalbumin. Airway reactivity was compared with saline-challenged controls in vivo assessing whole lung resistance, and in vitro measuring the force of tracheal contraction and the magnitude/rate of small airway narrowing within lung slices. Increased airway inflammation, epithelial remodelling and fibrosis were evident following allergen challenge. In vivo hyperresponsiveness to methacholine was maintained in isolated trachea. In contrast, methacholine induced slower narrowing, with reduced potency in small airways compared to controls. In vitro incubation with IL-1/TNFα did not alter reactivity. The hyporesponsiveness to methacholine in small airways within lung slices following chronic ovalbumin challenge was unexpected, given hyperresponsiveness to the same agonist both in vivo and in vitro in tracheal preparations. This finding may reflect the altered interactions of small airways with surrounding parenchymal tissue after allergen challenge to oppose airway narrowing and closure.
Erratum to: Visualizing translocation dynamics and nascent transcript errors in paused RNA polymerases in vivo (2015)

After the publication of this work [1], we noticed an error whereby Fig. 3b is missing the label ΔgreAB. The original version of this article was corrected. The corrected figure is given below:



Fig. 3

Transcription pausing detected by RNET-seq in E. coli WT and ΔgreAB cells. (a) Pause-inducing elements (PIEs) of the non-template DNA strand. Information content is represented by sequence logos [51]. Positions −1 and −10 of DNA ...
New upper bounds for grain-correcting and grain-detecting codes (2014)

New upper bounds on the size and the rate of grain-correcting codes are presented. The new upper bound on the size of t-grain-correcting codes of length n improves on the best known upper bounds for certain values of n and t, whereas the new upper bound on the asymptotic rate of [τn]-grain-correcting codes of length n improves on the previously known upper bounds on the interval τ ∈ (0, ⅛]. A lower bound of 1/2 log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> n on the minimum redundancy of ∞-grain-detecting codes of length n is presented.
High-fidelity superconducting quantum processors via laser-annealing of transmon qubits (2020)

Scaling the number of qubits while maintaining high-fidelity quantum gates remains a key challenge for quantum computing. Presently, superconducting quantum processors with &gt;50-qubits are actively available. For such systems, fixed-frequency transmons are attractive due to their long coherence and noise immunity. However, scaling fixed-frequency architectures proves challenging due to precise relative frequency requirements. Here we employ laser annealing to selectively tune transmon qubits into desired frequency patterns. Statistics over hundreds of annealed qubits demonstrate an empirical tuning precision of 18.5 MHz, with no measurable impact on qubit coherence. We quantify gate error statistics on a tuned 65-qubit processor, with median two-qubit gate fidelity of 98.7%. Baseline tuning statistics yield a frequency-equivalent resistance precision of 4.7 MHz, sufficient for high-yield scaling beyond 1000-qubit levels. Moving forward, we anticipate selective laser annealing to play a central role in scaling fixed-frequency architectures.
Expression, Site-Directed Mutagenesis, and Steady State Kinetic Analysis of the Terminal Thioesterase Domain of the Methymycin/Picromycin Polyketide Synthase (2002)

The thioesterase (TE) domain of the methymycin/picromycin synthase (PICS) was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli, and the optimal N-terminal boundary of the recombinant TE was determined. A series of diketide-N-acetylcysteamine (SNAC) thioesters were tested as substrates. PICS TE showed a strong preference for the 2-methyl-3-ketopentanoyl-SNAC substrate 5 over the stereoisomers of the reduced diketides 1-4, with an approximately 1.6:1 preference for the (2R,3S)-2-methyl-3-hydroxy diastereomer 2 over the (2S,3R)-diketide 1. The closely related DEBS TE, the thioesterase from the 6-deoxyerythronolide B synthase, showed a more marked 4.4:1 preference for 2 over 1, with only a slightly greater preference for the 3-ketoacyl-SNAC substrate 5. The roles of several active site residues in PICS TE were examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Serine 148, which is part of the apparent catalytic triad consisting of S148, H268, and D176, was found to be essential for thioesterase activity, while replacement of D176 with asparagine (D176N) gave a mutant thioesterase that retained substantial, albeit reduced, hydrolytic activity toward diketide-SNAC substrates. Mutation of E187 and R191, each of which is thought to play a role in substrate binding, had only minor effects on the relative specificity for diketide substrates 1, 2, and 5. Finally, when PICS TE was fused to the C-terminus of DEBS module 3, the resultant chimeric protein converted diketide 1 with methylmalonyl-CoA to triketide ketolactone 6 with improved catalytic efficiency compared to that of the previously developed DEBS module 3-(DEBS)TE construct.
Pharmacokinetics of two multiple-dose mezlocillin regimens (1988)

The pharmacokinetics of mezlocillin at two dosages were studied over the course of therapy in 12 patients receiving the drug for the treatment of infections. Patients received an initial dosing regimen of 4 g every 6 h or 5 g every 8 h, which was switched to the alternative regimen after 5 days of treatment. Both drug regimens demonstrated similar pharmacokinetic characteristics, which suggests that the reported dose-dependent elimination of mezlocillin is not an important factor in the clinical use of mezlocillin at the dosages currently used.
Low threshold current, high efficiency InGaAsPN based long-wavelength quantum well lasers (2003)

Long wavelength (/spl lambda//spl sim/1.3 /spl mu/m) lasers grown on GaAs using narrow bandgap InGaAsN alloys are the subject of intense material and device research. A high operating temperature range for InGaAsN/GaAs compared to InGaAsP/InP quantum well lasers, and the possibility of fabricating low-cost long-wavelength vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) on GaAs, make the mixed-nitrides attractive for use in uncooled sources for fiber optic communication networks. Here we report record low threshold current density J/sub TH/=2.5 kA/cm/sup 2/ at /spl lambda//spl sim/1.3 /spl mu/m, and record high output powers for nitrogen based quantum well lasers.
Supplementary Figure 3E-F from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3E-F from Aberrant Silencing of Cancer-Related Genes by CpG Hypermethylation Occurs Independently of Their Spatial Organization in the Nucleus
Thermal Decomposition of LiPF[sub 6]-Based Electrolytes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2005)

The thermal decomposition of lithium-ion battery electrolytes 1.0 M LiPF 6 in one or more carbonate solvents has been investigated. Electrolytes containing diethyl carbonate (DEC), ethylene carbonate (EC), a 1:1 mixture of EC/dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and a 1:1:1 mixture EC/DMC/DEC have been investigated by multinuclear nuclear magnetic spectroscopy, gas chromatography with mass selective detection, and size exclusion chromatography. Thermal decomposition affords products including: carbon dioxide (CO 2), ethylene (CH 2CH 2), dialkylethers (R 2O), alkyl fluorides (RF), phosphorus oxyfiuoride (OPF3), fluorophosphates [OPF 2OR, OPF(OR) 2], fluorophosporic acids [OPF 2OH, OPF(OH) 2], and oligoethylene oxides. The mechanism of decomposition is similar in all LiPF 6/carbonate electrolytes. Trace protic impurities lead to generation of OPF 2OR, which autocatalytically decomposes LiPF 6 and carbonates. The presence of DEC leads to the generation of ethylene, while the presnce of EC leads to the generation of capped oligothylene oxides [OPF 2(OCH 2CH 2) nF]. © 2005 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Inductance Testing for IPM Synchronous Machines According to the New IEEE Std 1812 and Typical Laboratory Practices (2019)

Equivalent circuit parameters serve as the basis for performance estimation and implementation of power electronic drives controls and therefore their accurate evaluation is very important. Specified in the newly approved IEEE Std 1812, a short-circuit test can be employed, in combination with an open-circuit measurement, in order to determine the back emf and the synchronous inductance. In the case of interior permanent magnet (IPM) machines, this approach can be used only to determine the d-axis inductance and additional and separate measurements are required for the q-axis inductance. In this respect, various methods, inclusive of dc step response tests, on-load tests, and a widely used test in industry, which involves locked-rotor measurements at variable voltage and constant frequency supply, are studied in detail, based on two-dimensional finite element analysis. Locked-rotor methods based on dc current supply and static torque versus rotor position measurements are introduced for determining the q-axis inductance in combination with the standardized open-circuit and short-circuit tests. A critical study of the inductances determined from different tests is conducted, and experimental results on an IPM motor design with non-sinusoidal back emf, relatively high torque ripple, and low leakage are presented.
Who is talking about what (2010)

Content-centric social websites, such as discussion forums and blog sites, have flourished during the past several years. These sites often contain overwhelming amounts of information that are also being updated rapidly. To help users locate their interests at such sites (e.g., interesting blogs to read or discussion forums to join), researchers have developed a number of recommendation technologies. However, it is difficult to make effective recommendations for new users (a.k.a. the cold start problem) due to a lack of user information (e.g., preferences and interests). Furthermore, the complexity of recommendation algorithms often prevents users from comprehending let alone trusting the recommended results. To tackle the above two challenges, we are building a social map-based recommender system called Pharos. A social map summarizes users' content-related social behavior over time (e.g., reading, writing, and commenting behavior during the past week) as a set of latent communities. Each community is characterized by the theme of the content being discussed and the key people involved. By discovering, ranking, and displaying the most "popular" latent communities, Pharos creates a visual social map of a website. This enables new users to obtain a quick overview of the site, alleviating the cold start problem. Furthermore, we use the social map as a context to help explain Pharos-recommended content and people. Users can also interactively explore the social map to locate their interested content or people that are not being explicitly recommended, compensating for the imperfection in the recommendation algorithms. We have deployed Pharos within our company and our preliminary evaluation shows the usefulness of Pharos.
SVCCA: Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis for Deep Learning Dynamics and Interpretability (2017)

We propose a new technique, Singular Vector Canonical Correlation Analysis (SVCCA), a tool for quickly comparing two representations in a way that is both invariant to affine transform (allowing comparison between different layers and networks) and fast to compute (allowing more comparisons to be calculated than with previous methods). We deploy this tool to measure the intrinsic dimensionality of layers, showing in some cases needless over-parameterization; to probe learning dynamics throughout training, finding that networks converge to final representations from the bottom up; to show where class-specific information in networks is formed; and to suggest new training regimes that simultaneously save computation and overfit less. Code: https://github.com/google/svcca/
A 2.7pJ/cycle 16MHz SoC with 4.3nW power-off ARM Cortex-M0+ core in 28nm FD-SOI (2017)

This work presents a System-on-Chip designed for Energy-Harvested applications. It embeds an ARM® Cortex®-M0+ microcontroller, 4KB RAM, 4KB ROM, an ultra-low power frequency synthesizer, a custom power switch, and a Power Management Unit enabling Active and Sleep modes. The system fabricated in 28 nm FD-SOI technology achieves 2.7pJ/cycle at 16 MHz during active mode, and the core consumes 4.3 nW during deep sleep mode. The system operates at a fixed voltage of 0.5 V, and can switch from Active and Sleep/Deep Sleep modes, adjusting the frequency from 16 MHz to 8 MHz or 32 kHz in one cycle upon energy availability. By combining frequency/power switching with extra Reverse Body-Biasing the system power consumption is reduced by 53% and 98% in respectively sleep and deep sleep modes.
Top-gated WSe<inf>2</inf> field-effect transistors with Pt contacts (2015)

Tungsten diselenide (WSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) is a transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) that is being explored as an alternative channel material for p-type field-effect transistors (FETs). To date, making low resistance contacts to WSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> has employed techniques like ionic-liquid gating [1], or surface charge-transfer doping [2], which are unscalable, and unstable in air. Here, we demonstrate top-gated, few-layered WSe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> p-FETs enabled by Ohmic platinum (Pt) contacts, and a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) gate-dielectric, with ON/OFF ratios > 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> , and intrinsic hole mobilities ∼ 100 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs at 300 K, and up to 2,000 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> /Vs at 2 K.