gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Parallelizing WFST speech decoders (2016)

The performance-intensive part of a large-vocabulary continuous speech-recognition system is the Viterbi computation that determines the sequence of words that are most likely to generate the acoustic-state scores extracted from an input utterance. This paper presents an efficient parallel algorithm for Viterbi. The key idea is to partition the per-frame computation among threads to minimize inter-thread communication despite traversing a large irregular acoustic and language model graphs. Together with a per-thread beam search, load balancing language-model lookups, and memory optimizations, we achieve a 6.67x speedup over an highly-optimized production-quality WFST-based speech decoder. On a 200,000 word vocabulary and a 59 million ngram model, our decoder runs at 0.27x real time while achieving a word-error rate of 14.81% on 6214 labeled utterances from Voice Search data.
Disparities in Criteria for Initiating Chelation Therapy for Iron Overload in Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS). (2005)

Abstract In the majority of MDS cases, isolated anemia is the only clinical evidence of impaired hematopoiesis at the time of MDS diagnosis. It is estimated that &gt;40% of MDS patients require regular red blood cell transfusions during some stage of their disease. Findings from The MDS Foundation’s 2004–2005 Practices &amp; Treatment Survey indicate that a substantial proportion of MDS patients in all International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) risk groups are transfusion-dependent: Low, 30%; Intermediate-1, 50%; Intermediate-2, 70%; High, 90% (median values). Seventy (38 US and 22 international) of the MDS Foundation’s102 Centers of Excellence responded to the survey as of July 1, 2005. Survey responses revealed that an average of 30% of transfusion-dependent patients receive parenteral iron chelation therapy (median, 20%; range: 3–100%) and that the criteria for initiating chelation therapy are not uniform. The number of transfusions was reported as a determining criterion by 46% of respondents, with a mean number of 35 transfusions (median, 30; range: 4–100). 15% of respondents indicated at the number of transfusions was the sole criterion used. Serum ferritin levels were reported as a determining criterion by 57% of respondents, with the following cutoff values: Ferritin concentrations for initiating chelation therapy *% respondents using this cutoff as criterion &gt;1000 ng/mL 41%* &gt;1500 ng/mL 11% &gt;2000 ng/mL 37% Other (&gt;3000, unspecified) 9% 32% of respondents indicated that serum ferritin was the sole criterion used. (Irrespective of chelation therapy, 92% indicated that they monitored ferritin levels in transfusion-dependent patients.) Other criteria used to determine start of chelation therapy included age/life expectancy, MDS subtype, clinical signs of hemochromatosis, quantitative CT liver iron estimation, liver function, transferrin saturation &gt;50%, BMT, anticipated chronic transfusion need, and logistical issues and insurance coverage. A combination of criteria was reported to be used by 38% of respondents. The majority of respondents (90%) reported that they would increase the number of patients on chelation therapy if an oral agent were available. Although the decision for initiating chelation therapy in transfusion-dependent anemic MDS patients is individualized because of the heterogeneous patient population, this data analysis suggests a need for the standardization of select criteria (e.g., number of transfusions, serum ferritin).
In vitro activity of multiple antibiotic combinations against Nocardia: relationship with a short‐term treatment strategy in heart transplant recipients with pulmonary nocardiosis (2010)

Initial PN treatment in HTx recipients can be successfully carried out with bactericidal combinations such as imipenem plus amikacin or moxifloxacin, administered IV for 3-4 weeks. Within 1 month, a significant clinical and radiological improvement may be observed. In our experience, a <3 month oral regimen with cotrimoxazole, moxifloxacin, or doxycycline may then be used. This may allow a reduction of side effects and treatment-related burden, without any recurrence.
Nanostructured biocomposites based on bacterial cellulosic nanofibers compartmentalized by a soft hydroxyethylcellulose matrix coating (2009)

Biomimetic approaches involving environmentally-friendly synthetic pathways provide an opportunity to elaborate novel high-performance biocomposites. Here we have developed a low-energy biosynthetic system for the production of a high-strength composite material consisting of self-assembled and nanostructured cellulosic nanofibers. This biocomposite is analogous to natural composite materials with high strength and hierarchical organization such as wood or tendon. It was generated by growing the bacterium Acetobacter, which naturally produces cellulosic nanofibers, in the presence of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC). Individual cellulose fibrils were coated by HEC and exhibited a smaller lateral dimension than pure bacterial cellulose (BC) fibrils. They self-assembled to form compartmentalized nanofibers and larger cellulose fibril aggregates compared to pure BC. The tensile strength of nanocomposite films prepared from the compartmentalized cellulosic nanofibers was 20% higher than that of pure BC sheets and wood cellulose nanopapers, and 60% higher than that of conventional BC/HEC blends, while no strain-to-failure decrease was observed. The thin nanoscale coating consisting of hydrated HEC significantly increased the mechanical performance of the nanocomposite films by provoking compartmentalization of individual fibrils.
Subjective Ratings of Accessibility Using Full-Scale Bathroom Environments (2008)

Full-scale modeling was used to assess subjective ratings of difficulty for the bathroom environment across four different configurations. Two configurations complied with nationally accepted accessibility standards. One exceeded the standards, representing a “universal design”; the other was representative of a common yet unsupportive design. Participants simulated activities of daily living and offered subjective ratings of each design in general, and for each sub-area (e.g. toilet, shower, lavatory) for each design. Results demonstrate subjective differences between bathroom configurations. The interaction between humans and the built environment should include a host of diagnostic tools complete with subjective assessments.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)-block-polyisobutylene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) Thermoplastic Elastomers (1992)

Poly(methyl methacrylate-b-isobutylene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PMMA-PIB-PMMA) triblock copolymers have been synthesized by a combination of living cationic and living anionic polymerizations. The total synthesis involved five steps: 1.) The living cationic polymerization of isobutylene (IB) leading to well defined, narrow molecular weight distribution, α,ω-dichloropolyisobutylenes (tCl-PIB-tCl). 2.) The alkylation of toluene with tCl-PIB-tCl using AlCl3 at -78°C which yields α,ω-p-ditolylpolyisobutylene (CH3-Ø-PIB-Ø-CH3). 3.) The quantitative lithiation of the latter to α,ω-dibenzyllithiumpolyisobutylene (LiCH2-Ø-PIB-Ø-CH2Li) by using a complex of s-butyllithium (s-BuLi) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethyldiamine (TMEDA) (TMEDA/s-BuLi = 2) in n-hexane at 0°C for 48 hrs. 4.) The reaction of LiCH2-Ø-PIB-Ø-CH2Li with 1,1-diphenylethylene. 5.) The living anionic polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with the latter intermediate. An inventory of various PMMA-PIB-PMMA have been prepared, characterized, and some of their mechanical properties studied. The molecular weight distribution of the triblocks was nearly identical to the PIB center block which indicates good blocking efficiency. DSC and DMTA showed two transitions (-61 and 105°C for PIB and PMMA, respectively) which indicates a two phase microarchitecture. Stress- strain measurements were performed on clear cast sheets and the data analyzed in terms of compositional information of these new thermoplastic elastomers.
Physical and psychosocial consequences of total laryngectomy (1990)

The incidence and severity of respiratory symptoms after total laryngectomy and their influence on daily living were studied in 59 laryngectomized patients. Daily sputum production was the principal complaint of these patients (98%), followed by coughing (64%) and the need for frequent forced expectoration (more than 5 times a day) in order to clear the airway (57%). Frequent stoma cleaning (more than 5 times a day) was required by 37% of the patients. Significant correlation was found between respiratory symptoms, voice rehabilitation and several aspects of daily living, including fatigue, sleep problems, social contacts and psychological distress. These findings indicate that respiratory symptoms after total laryngectomy are both frequent and troublesome. The development of effective methods for minimizing and/or preventing such respiratory problems would contribute significantly to improving the quality of life of laryngectomized patients.
Dietary Westernisation: conceptualisation and measurement in Mauritius (2005)

This study suggests that relatively few indicator foods are needed for measuring dietary Westernisation. Dietary Westernisation in a non-Western country may also include shifts towards voluntary consumption of healthier foods.
Size, Shape, and Stamina (2010)

Although several studies have examined the cardiac functional determinants of exercise capacity, few have investigated the effects of structural remodeling. The current study evaluated the association between cardiac geometry and exercise capacity. Subjects with ejection fraction > or = 50% and no valvular disease, myocardial ischemia, or arrhythmias were identified from a large prospective exercise echocardiography database. Left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were used to classify geometry into normal, concentric remodeling, eccentric hypertrophy, and concentric hypertrophy. All of the subjects underwent symptom-limited treadmill exercise according to standard Bruce protocol. Maximal exercise tolerance was measured in metabolic equivalents. Of 366 (60+/-14 years; 57% male) subjects, 166 (45%) had normal geometry, 106 (29%) had concentric remodeling, 40 (11%) had eccentric hypertrophy, and 54 (15%) had concentric hypertrophy. Geometry was related to exercise capacity: in descending order, the maximum achieved metabolic equivalents were 9.9+/-2.8 in normal, 8.9+/-2.6 in concentric remodeling, 8.6+/-3.1 in eccentric hypertrophy, and 8.0+/-2.7 in concentric hypertrophy (all P<0.02 versus normal). Left ventricular mass index and relative wall thickness were negatively correlated with exercise tolerance in metabolic equivalents (r=-0.14; P=0.009 and r=-0.21; P<0.001, respectively). Augmentation of heart rate and ejection fraction with exercise were blunted in concentric hypertrophy compared with normal, even after adjusting for medications. In conclusion, the pattern of ventricular remodeling is related to exercise capacity among low-risk adults. Subjects with concentric hypertrophy display the greatest limitation, and this is related to reduced systolic and chronotropic reserve. Reverse remodeling strategies may prevent or treat functional decline in patients with structural heart disease.
Successful treatment of sudden hearing loss in cogan's syndrome with corticosteroids (1981)

Cogan's syndrome (CS) is the association of acute nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and acute episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. We have prospectively followed 6 patients with CS who were treated within 4 weeks after the acute onset of hearing loss. Within 1 to 2 weeks after the initiation of corticosteroid therapy, all 6 patients demonstrated improved hearing thresholds for pure tones and supra-threshold speech discrimination results. These patients have been followed an average of 2.5 years (range 0.25-9 years); all have only mild to moderate hearing impairment in the mid (1,000 to 2,000 Hz) and low (250 to 500 Hz) frequency sound ranges. Three of the patients have been tapered off steroids completely with no subsequent permanent decrement of hearing. Thus, early oral corticosteroid administration to patients with sudden hearing loss associated with Cogan's syndrome may preserve auditory function.
Cobalt complexes with the 1-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligand (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCobalt complexes with the 1-[2-(N,N-dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,3,4,5-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl ligandPeter Jutzi, Marc O. Kristen, Juergen Dahlhaus, Beate Neumann, and Hans Georg StammlerCite this: Organometallics 1993, 12, 8, 2980–2985Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00032a020https://doi.org/10.1021/om00032a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views386Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Cloud Portal Architecture for Large-Scale Application Services (2011)

Application services entail multi-billion dollars of market in IT industry. However, to construct an application service is a labor- intensive and error-prone process. Application services developed through traditional development methods expose the sameRequest access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTION OF PERFLUOROALKYLCOPPER COMPOUNDS WITH 1‐BROMO‐1‐PERFLUOROALKYLETHYLENES (1973)

Abstract Die Bromäthylene (II) reagieren mit den Perfluoralkyljodiden (III) und Cu nicht zu den erwarteten geminal‐disubstituierten Äthylenen (I), sondern zu den vicinal‐disubstituierten Äthylenen (IV).
Lyophilized hemoglobin‐albumin cluster with disaccharides: Long‐term storable powder of artificial O2‐carrier (2020)

Core‐shell protein cluster comprising a hemoglobin (Hb) in the center and human serum albumins (HSA) at the exterior, Hb‐HSA 3 cluster, is an artificial O 2 ‐carrier designed for use as a red blood cell (RBC) substitute. Lyophilization of the Hb‐HSA 3 cluster solution ([Hb unit] = 5 g/dL) with sucrose and trehalose yielded stable pink powder, which can be stored for 2 years at 4°C. Addition of pure water to the powder regenerated the homogeneous solution. The O 2 ‐binding properties and oxyHb rate have been unaltered during the storage period. Infrared spectroscopic studies revealed that the hydrogen bond between protein and sugar stabilizes three‐dimensional structure of the cluster.
Late Treatment-Related Morbidity in Breast Cancer Patients Randomized to Postmastectomy Radiotherapy and Systemic Treatment Versus Systemic Treatment Alone (2000)

Late treatment-related morbidity after mastectomy and adjuvant systemic treatment with and without postoperative irradiation was assessed in 84 patients randomized in the Danish Breast Cancer Cooperative Group Trials 82b and c. A structured interview and physical examination, using a standardized assessment sheet, constructed on the basis of the late effects normal tissues (LENT) scoring system, was used. The median length of follow-up from mastectomy was 9 years (range 6-13 years). Lymphedema was measured in 14%, of the irradiated patients versus 3% of the non-irradiated patients (NS). Slightly decreased shoulder morbidity was measured in 45% of the irradiated women versus 15% of the non-irradiated patients, but moderate or more severe impairment was seen in only 5% of the irradiated patients and in none of the non-irradiated patients (p = 0.004). Seventeen percent of the irradiated patients and 2% of the non-irradiated patients found that impairment of shoulder movement caused symptoms (p = 0.001).
Controlling rectangular formations (2011)

We consider formation shape control of four point agents in the plane. Control laws based on specified interagent distances are used. For a complete graph, specification of all interagent distances determines the formation shape uniquely. Krick, Broucke and Francis showed that for a standard control law, there may exist equilibrium formations with incorrect interagent distances. This paper studies such equilibria and derives two main results. That each such incorrect equilibrium is attached to at most one desired formation. That all such equilibria are unstable if the desired formation is a rectangle.
Hidden in Plain Sight (2006)

In December 1997, Sun Microsystems had just announced its new flagship machine: a 64-processor symmetric multiprocessor supporting up to 64 gigabytes of memory and thousands of I/O devices. As with any new machine launch, Sun was working feverishly on benchmarks to prove the machine’s performance. While the benchmarks were generally impressive, there was one in particular that was exhibiting unexpectedly low performance. The benchmark machine would occasionally become mysteriously distracted: Benchmark activity would practically cease, but the operating system kernel remained furiously busy. After some number of minutes spent on unknown work, the operating system would suddenly right itself: Benchmark activity would resume at full throttle and run to completion. Those running the benchmark could see that the machine was on course to break the world record, but these minutes-long periods of unknown kernel activity were enough to be the difference between first and worst.
Fairness enforcement in switch on event multithreading (2007)

The need to reduce power and complexity will increase the interest in Switch On Event multithreading (coarse-grained multithreading). Switch On Event multithreading is a low-power and low-complexity mechanism to improve processor throughput by switching threads on execution stalls. Fairness may, however, become a problem in a multithreaded processor. Unless fairness is properly handled, some threads may starve while others consume all of the processor cycles. Heuristics that were devised in order to improve fairness in simultaneous multithreading are not applicable to Switch On Event multithreading. This paper defines the fairness metric using the ratio of the individual threads' speedups and shows how it can be enforced in Switch On Event multithreading. Fairness is controlled by forcing additional thread switch points. These switch points are determined dynamically by runtime estimation of the single threaded performance of each of the individual threads. We analyze the impact of the fairness enforcement mechanism on aggregate IPC and weighted speedup. We present simulation results of the performance of Switch On Event multithreading. Switch On Event multithreading achieves an average aggregate IPC increase of 26% over single thread and 12% weighted speedup when no fairness is enforced. In this case, a sixth of our runs resulted in poor fairness in which one thread ran extremely slowly (10 to 100 times slower than its single-thread performance), while the other thread's performance was hardly affected. By using the proposed mechanism, we can guarantee fairness at different levels of strictness and, in most cases, even improve the weighted speedup.
Massively Parallel Rogue Cell Detection Using Serial Time-Encoded Amplified Microscopy of Inertially Ordered Cells in High Throughput Flow (2011)

Abstract : The aim of this project is to develop an instrument for high-throughput identification of rare circulating breast cancer cells to enable early detection and analysis of treatment effectiveness. While optical microscopy is useful for detailed examination of a small number of microscopic entities and hence identification of such cells, methods for conventional microscopy are incapable of statistically relevant evaluation and screening of large populations with high accuracy due to its low throughput and limited storage. During the second year of the CDMRP project, we succeeded in demonstrating an automated flow-through single-particle optical microscope that overcomes this limitation by performing sensitive blur-free image acquisition and non-stop real-time image-recording and classification of microparticles during high-speed flow. This is made possible by integrating ultrafast optical imaging technology, self-focusing microfluidic technology, optoelectronic communication technology, and information technology. To show the system s utility, we demonstrated high-throughput imagebased screening of budding yeast and rare breast cancer cells in spiked blood with an unprecedented throughput of 100,000 particles/s and a record false positive rate of one in a million. Our results were published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences in July 2012 (http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2012/06/25/1204718109) and were also featured by UCLA Newsroom (http://newsroom.ucla.edu/portal/ucla/world-s-fastest-camera-used-to-235979.aspx).
Battery-Inspired, Nonvolatile, and Rewritable Memory Architecture:  a Radical Polymer-Based Organic Device (2007)

A nonvolatile, bistable, and rewritable organic memory device based on radical polymers was prepared and tested. The excellent performance of a battery-inspired memory architecture with a configuration of p- and n-type charge-transporting radical polymers sandwiching a dielectric layer was characterized. The ON−OFF ratio was more than 4 orders of magnitude, and retention and endurance cycles of more than 104 and 103, respectively, were accomplished.
Fusion of multi-angular aerial images based on epipolar geometry and matrix completion (2017)

We consider the problem of fusing multiple cloud-contaminated aerial images of a 3D scene to generate a cloud-free image, where the images are captured from multiple unknown view angles. In order to fuse these images, we propose an end-to-end framework incorporating epipolar geometry and low-rank matrix completion. In particular, we first warp the multi-angular images to single-angle ones based on the estimated fundamental matrices that relate the multi-angular images according to their projective relations to the 3D scene. Then we formulate the fusion process of the warpped images as a low-rank matrix completion problem where each column of the matrix corresponds to a vectorized image with missing entries corresponding to cloud or occluded areas. Results using DigitalGlobe high spatial resolution images demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms existing approaches.
Holographically Formed, Acoustically Switchable Gratings Based on Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals (2013)

We report holographic polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (H-PDLC) gratings driven by surface acoustic waves (SAWs). Our experiments show that upon applying SAWs, the H-PDLC grating exhibited switchable properties: The diffraction of the H-PDLC grating decreased, whereas the transmission increased. This acoustically switchable behavior is due to the acoustic streaming-induced realignment of liquid crystals as well as absorption-resulted thermal diffusion. Such SAW-driven H-PDLC gratings are potentially useful in many photonic applications, such as optical switches, spatial light modulators, and switchable add/drop filters.