gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive Ion Transmission Mode Ion/Ion Reactions in a Hybrid Linear Ion Trap (2004)

A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer capable of ion trapping experiments has been adapted for ion/ion reaction studies. The instrument is based on a commercially available linear ion trap (LIT) tandem mass spectrometer (i.e., an MDS SCIEX 2000 Q TRAP) that has been modified by mounting an atmospheric sampling glow discharge ionization (ASGDI) source to the side of the vacuum manifold for production of singly charged anions. The ASGDI source is located line of sight to the side of the third quadrupole of the triple quadrupole assembly (Q3). Anions are focused into the side of the rod array (i.e., anion injection occurs orthogonal to the normal ion flight path). A transmission mode method to perform ion/ion reactions has been developed whereby positive ions are transmitted through the pressurized collision quadrupole (Q2) while anions are stored in Q2. The Q2 LIT is used to trap negative ions whereas the Q3 LIT is used to accumulate positive ions transmitted from Q2. Anions are injected to Q3 and transferred to Q2, where they are stored and collisionally cooled. Multiply charged protein/peptide ions, formed by electrospray, are then mass selected by the first quadrupole assembly (Q1) operated in the rf/dc mode and injected into Q2. The positive ions, including the residual precursor ions and the product ions arising from ion/ion proton-transfer reactions, are accumulated in Q3 until they are analyzed via mass-selective axial ejection for mass analysis. The parameters that affect ion/ion reactions are discussed, including pressure, nature of the gas in Q2, and operation of Q2 as a linear accelerator. Ion/ion reactions in this mode can be readily utilized to separate ions with the same m/z but largely different mass and charge, e.g., +1 bradykinin and +16 myoglobin, in the gas phase.
WE‐G‐217A‐06: Spatial Accuracy Quantification of an MR System (2012)

The proposed phantom and protocol can be an effective tool for verifying the spatial accuracy of an MR system, which in turn can improve the accuracy and confidence of MR guided therapies. Data from this protocol may also be used in the development of advanced distortion correction algorithms. Employed by General Electric Healthcare.
Investigating Mode Localization at Lower- and Higher-Order Modes in Mechanically Coupled MEMS Resonators (2019)

Abstract Mode localization is investigated in a weakly mechanically coupled system. The system comprises of two doubly clamped microbeams mechanically linked with a coupling beam close to the anchors. The phenomenon is explored among the first three vibration modes pairs, each consisting of an in-phase and out-of-phase mode. A distributed-parameter model accounting for the two mechanically coupled resonators, the coupling beam, and their geometric and electric nonlinearities are derived using the extended Hamilton's principle. A reduced-order model is then derived from the Lagrangian of the equations. An eigenvalue analysis is performed under different side electrode bias scenarios. The voltage bias impact on the natural frequencies of the pairs of modes is investigated. Veering among the various modes is observed and studied as varying the bias conditions. It is demonstrated that the veering zones can be greatly affected, tuned, and shifted by the biasing voltages. Finally, forced vibration analysis is performed. It is observed that the choice of the resonator to be excited, perturbed, and its response to be monitored is very important to fully understand and utilize the localization phenomenon for practical applications. Further, it is observed that very weak coupling is required to activate mode localization in higher-order modes. The reported selective localization and activation and deactivation of higher-order modes can be potentially useful for various applications, such as parallel mechanical computing, and for ultra-sensitive in high-frequency environments.
First Evidence for the DecayBs0→μ+μ− (2013)

A search for the rare decays B(s)(0)→μ+ μ- and B(0)→μ+ μ- is performed with data collected in 2011 and 2012 with the LHCb experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The data samples comprise 1.1 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at sqrt[s]=8 TeV and 1.0 fb(-1) at sqrt[s]=7 TeV. We observe an excess of B(s)(0)→μ+ μ- candidates with respect to the background expectation. The probability that the background could produce such an excess or larger is 5.3×10(-4) corresponding to a signal significance of 3.5 standard deviations. A maximum-likelihood fit gives a branching fraction of B(B(s)(0)→μ+ μ-)=(3.2(-1.2)(+1.5))×10(-9), where the statistical uncertainty is 95% of the total uncertainty. This result is in agreement with the standard model expectation. The observed number of B(0)→μ+ μ- candidates is consistent with the background expectation, giving an upper limit of B(B(0)→μ+ μ-)<9.4×10(-10) at 95% confidence level.
Development of the Hybrid System for the Saturn VUE Hybrid (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The hybrid system for the 2007 Model Year Saturn VUE Green Line Hybrid SUV was designed to provide the fuel economy of a compact sedan, while delivering improved acceleration performance over the base vehicle, and maintaining full vehicle utility. Key elements of the hybrid powertrain are a 2.4L DOHC engine with dual cam-phasers, a modified 4-speed automatic transmission, an electric motor-generator connected to the crankshaft through a bi-directional belt-drive system, power electronics to control the motor-generator, and a NiMH battery pack.&lt;/div&gt; &lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;The VUE's hybrid functionality includes: engine stop-start, regenerative braking, intelligent charge control of the hybrid battery, electric power assist, and electrically motored creep. Methods of improving urban and highway fuel economy via optimal use of the hybrid motor and battery, engine and transmission hardware and controls modifications, and vehicle enhancements, are discussed. Development of the powertrain control system is also reviewed.&lt;/div&gt;
Translocation of immunoglobulin VH genes in Burkitt lymphoma. (1982)

We have produced cell hybrids between mouse myeloma cells, which do not produce immunoglobulin chains, and Burkitt lymphoma cells (Daudi), which express surface IgM. Daudi Cells carry a reciprocal chromosome translocation between chromosomes 8 and 14, described as (8;14)(q24;q32). The hybrids were studied for the expression of human immunoglobulin chains and human isozyme markers, for the presence of human chromosomes, and for the presence of the human genes for heavy chain variable regions (VH) and mu and gamma chain constant (C) regions. The results indicate that the expressed mu chain gene is on normal chromosome 14 in Daudi cells. We have also determined that the chromosome 14 involved in the translocation (14q+) carries the gene for C mu and C gamma 1-4 and probably several genes for the variable region (V). Certain hybrids had lost both the chromosomes 14 but had retained the abnormal chromosome 8 (8q-) that carries the terminal end of the long arm of chromosome 14. These hybrids were studied for the presence of human VH, C mu,, and C gamma DNA sequences, and the results indicated that the hybrid cells with the 8q- chromosome contained VH genes that not C genes. Therefore, we conclude that, in the Daudi Burkitt lymphoma, the break in chromosome 14 occurred within the chromosome segment containing V region genes. As a result of the translocation some of these VH genes became associated with chromosome 8. It is possible that the expression of malignancy in Burkitt lymphoma is caused by immunoglobulin V region gene translocation resulting in activation of a gene on the long arm of human chromosome 8.
Tuning and Persistent Switching of Graphene Plasmons on a Ferroelectric Substrate (2015)

We characterized plasmon propagation in graphene on thin films of the high-κ dielectric PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT). Significant modulation (up to ±75%) of the plasmon wavelength was achieved with application of ultrasmall voltages (< ±1 V) across PZT. Analysis of the observed plasmonic fringes at the graphene edge indicates that carriers in graphene on PZT behave as noninteracting Dirac Fermions approximated by a semiclassical Drude response, which may be attributed to strong dielectric screening at the graphene/PZT interface. Additionally, significant plasmon scattering occurs at the grain boundaries of PZT from topographic and/or polarization induced graphene conductivity variation in the interior of graphene, reducing the overall plasmon propagation length. Lastly, through application of 2 V across PZT, we demonstrate the capability to persistently modify the plasmonic response of graphene through transient voltage application.
Endoscopic treatment of chronic pancreatitis: European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) Clinical Guideline (2012)

For treating painful uncomplicated chronic pancreatitis, the ESGE recommends extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography as the first-line interventional option. The clinical response should be evaluated at 6 - 8 weeks; if it appears unsatisfactory, the patient's case should be discussed again in a multidisciplinary team. Surgical options should be considered, in particular in patients with a predicted poor outcome following endoscopic therapy (Recommendation grade B). For treating chronic pancreatitis associated with radiopaque stones ≥ 5 mm that obstruct the main pancreatic duct, the ESGE recommends extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy as a first step, combined or not with endoscopic extraction of stone fragments depending on the expertise of the center (Recommendation grade B). For treating chronic pancreatitis associated with a dominant stricture of the main pancreatic duct, the ESGE recommends inserting a single 10-Fr plastic stent, with stent exchange planned within 1 year (Recommendation grade C). In patients with ductal strictures persisting after 12 months of single plastic stenting, the ESGE recommends that available options (e. g., endoscopic placement of multiple pancreatic stents, surgery) be discussed in a multidisciplinary team (Recommendation grade D).For treating uncomplicated chronic pancreatic pseudocysts that are within endoscopic reach, the ESGE recommends endoscopic drainage as a first-line therapy (Recommendation grade A).For treating chronic pancreatitis-related biliary strictures, the choice between endoscopic and surgical therapy should rely on local expertise, patient co-morbidities and expected patient compliance with repeat endoscopic procedures (Recommendation grade D). If endoscopy is elected, the ESGE recommends temporary placement of multiple, side-by-side, plastic biliary stents (Recommendation grade A).
Balanced 3-phase analog signal processing for radio communications (2006)

Radio communication systems often use two analog signals as real and imaginary parts of a complex number; the two signals are usually called I and Q signals. The analog signal on an integrated circuit is usually a differential signal which is the voltage difference between positive and negative nodes. Therefore, a complex number is expressed using 4-node voltages. If a single-ended signal system is used, I and Q signals are expressed with 3-node voltage, i.e., I-signal, Q-signal, and a ground node voltage. So the 4-node system has some redundancy. However, most radio terminals employ the 4-node system, because a single-ended signal system needs a low-impedance ground node, which is troublesome on an integrated circuit. In this paper, balanced 3-phase analog signal processing and circuits for the 3-phase system are proposed. The proposed circuits are simply expanded differential circuits and expected to have small chip area because of the lower redundancy in processing a complex number. The smaller chip area means lower manufacturing cost. The proposed system is expected to reduce the cost of a radio interface
Supplementary Table 10 from Comprehensive Genome Methylation Analysis in Bladder Cancer: Identification and Validation of Novel Methylated Genes and Application of These as Urinary Tumor Markers (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 152K&lt;/p&gt;
Hot Electron Transistor with van der Waals Base-Collector Heterojunction and High-Performance GaN Emitter (2017)

Single layer graphene is an ideal material for the base layer of hot electron transistors (HETs) for potential terahertz (THz) applications. The ultrathin body and exceptionally long mean free path maximizes the probability for ballistic transport across the base of the HET. We demonstrate for the first time the operation of a high-performance HET using a graphene/WSe<sub>2</sub> van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure as a base-collector barrier. The resulting device with a GaN/AlN heterojunction as emitter, exhibits a current density of 50 A/cm<sup>2</sup>, direct current gain above 3 and 75% injection efficiency, which are record values among graphene-base HETs. These results not only provide a scheme to overcome the limitations of graphene-base HETs toward THz operation but are also the first demonstration of a GaN/vdW heterostructure in HETs, revealing the potential for novel electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Fluorescence Quenching Analysis of the Association and Dissociation of a Diarylheterocycle to Cyclooxygenase-1 and Cyclooxygenase-2:  Dynamic Basis of Cyclooxygenase-2 Selectivity (2000)

Cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are the enzymes responsible for the biosynthesis of the precursor to the biologically active prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxane and are the molecular targets for nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Selective COX-2 inhibitors are antiinflammatory and analgesic but lack gastrointestinal toxicity, an undesirable side effect attributed to COX-1 inhibition. Crystallographic analysis of selective COX inhibitors complexed with either isoform provides some information about the molecular determinants of selectivity but does not provide information about the dynamics of inhibitor association/dissociation. We employed rapid-mixing techniques and fluorescence quenching to monitor the association and dissociation of a selective COX-2 inhibitor to COX-1 or COX-2. The association of the fluorescent diaryloxazole, SC299, with both enzymes occurs in a time-dependent fashion. Its binding to COX-2 occurs in three kinetically distinct steps whereas its binding to COX-1 occurs in two steps. In contrast to the relatively rapid association of SC299 with both enzymes, its dissociation from COX-2 is quite slow and occurs over several hours whereas the dissociation from COX-1 is complete in less than 1 min. The selectivity of SC299 as a COX-2 inhibitor correlates to its relative rates of dissociation from the two COX isoforms. A model is proposed for diarylheterocycle binding to COX's that integrates these kinetic data with available structural information.
INNOVATIVE AMBULATORY DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM USING AN ELECTROLYTIC IIYDROGEL PUMP (1996)

Kim, H. C.; Lee, D. J.; Suh, S. W.; Bae, Y. H.; Jacobs, H.; Ruff, G.; Kim, S. W. Author Information
A Phosphoproteomic Analysis of the ErbB2 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathways (2006)

Overexpression of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is common in human cancers and is associated with an increased level of metastasis. To better understand the cellular signaling networks activated by ErbB2, a phosphoproteomic analysis of tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins was carried out in ErbB2-overexpressing breast and ovarian cancer cell lines. A total of 153 phosphorylation sites were assigned on 78 proteins. Treatment of cells with Herceptin, a monoclonal antibody that inhibits ErbB2 activity, significantly reduced the number of detectable protein phosphorylation sites, suggesting that many of these proteins participate in ErbB2-driven cell signaling. Of the 71 proteins that were differentially phosphorylated, only 13 were previously reported to directly associate with ErbB2. The differentially phosphorylated proteins included kinases, adaptor/docking proteins, proteins involved in cell proliferation and migration, and several uncharacterized RNA binding proteins. Selective depletion of some of these proteins, including RNA binding proteins SRRM2, SFRS1, SFRS9, and SFRS10, by siRNAs reduced the rate of migration of ErbB2-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells.
Effects of aberrations in spatiotemporal focusing of ultrashort laser pulses (2014)

Spatiotemporal focusing, or simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing (SSTF), has already been adopted for various applications in microscopy, photoactivation for biological studies, and laser fabrication. We investigate the effects of aberrations on focus formation in SSTF, in particular, the effects of phase aberrations related to low-order Zernike modes and a refractive index mismatch between the immersion medium and sample. By considering a line focus, we are able to draw direct comparison between the performance of SSTF and conventional spatial focusing (SF). Wide-field SSTF is also investigated and is found to be much more robust to aberrations than either line SSTF or SF. These results show the sensitivity of certain focusing methods to specific aberrations, and can inform on the necessity and benefit of aberration correction.
Linear-Source Ultrasonic Spray Chemical Vapor Deposition Method for Fabrication of ZnMgO Films and Ultraviolet Photodetectors (2006)

A linear-source ultrasonic spray chemical vapor deposition method has been developed and applied to fabricate ZnMgO ternary alloy thin films on glass substrates. A water solution of zinc acetate and magnesium acetate was ultrasonically atomized to form aerosol particles of water containing the sources, and then they were supplied onto the heated substrate by a nitrogen carrier gas through a nozzle with a linear aperture to form ZnMgO films. The source concentration ratios in the water solution successfully controlled the solid composition and hence raised the band gap of ZnMgO up to 3.75 eV, keeping the optical transmission higher than 90% for the visible-light region. An UV photodetector fabricated using the ZnMgO film showed the photoresponsivity to be as high as a few A/W, suggesting that this simple and cost-effective technique is promising for fabricating ZnMgO films for various applications.
High Temperature ATES in combination with power-to-heat: maximizing renewable energy use for a local energy system (2022)

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To reduce worldwide greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, fossil fuels are being replaced by renewable energy in a rapid tempo. As a result, the energy system becomes more decentralized with e.g. PV systems as a source for local multi-energy systems, with aim to become as self-sustainable as possible. This is challenging because these systems often rely on an intermittent energy source (production mainly in summer), which is not aligned with energy demand (mainly in winter). One solution for this problem is the combination of power-to-heat (PtH) with High Temperature Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage (HT-ATES), which allows for flexible and effective utilisation and storage of available green electricity to match the availability and demand of sustainable electricity. Currently, insights in the practical potential of this solution and methods for effective integration of PtH and HT-ATES in multi-energy systems are lacking. Therefore, we assessed methods to improve the integration and control of a HT-ATES system and tested varying ways of integration for a local decentralized multi-energy system. To this end, we expanded and integrated a multi-energy system model with a numerical hydro-thermal model to dynamically simulate the functioning of the integrated HT-ATES. The impact of key design parameters (heat pump size, storage temperature, cut-off temperature) on overall energy performance and the effect of different methods for integration of the local energy system were simulated and analysed.&amp;amp;#160;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Results show that the integration of HT-ATES with PtH allows for providing the local energy system with 100% of the yearly heat demand with a 25% smaller heat pump than without HT-ATES. Also, compared to Pth without storage, the yearly energy use pattern changes dramatically to match the availability of renewable electricity. An inventive mode of operation was designed which allows for lowering the threshold temperature of the HT-ATES by an innovative integration of the heat pump. This mode of operation increases the HT-ATES performance and decreases the overall costs of heat production. Overall, this study shows that the integration of HT-ATES in a multi-energy system is suitable to cost-effectively match annual heat demand and supply, and to increase local sustainable energy use. Solutions like these show high potential to decentralize energy production/use, to decrease pressure on the power grid and to increase total renewable energy use.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;
Chronic myeloid leukemia: imatinib and next-generation ABL inhibitors (2013)

Events surrounding the development of the ABL kinase inhibitor imatinib (Gleevec) for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) have been extensively chronicled in numerous reviews (1–4). Rather than retell that history here, this chapter reviews recent and emerging issues in the biology and treatment of CML and speculates on future directions. To set the stage, ABL kinase inhibitors have been the mainstay of CML therapy for more than 10 years. This has resulted in a profound shift in the lifespan of CML patients, from a median survival of 5–6 years to an estimated 10–20 years. This success is largely attributable to: (i) a profound reduction in disease burden by 3–4 orders of magnitude with single-agent ABL kinase inhibitor therapy, (ii) durable responses if treatment is initiated early in the course of disease, and (iii) the availability of second-generation ABL inhibitors such as dasatinib, nilotinib, and bosutinib that are effective in many patients who develop resistance to imatinib. While this is an enviable track record of success in cancer, many patients fail to respond optimally or develop multi-drug resistance after sequential treatment with different ABL kinase inhibitors. In addition, this treatment approach commits patients to decades of chronic therapy, with unknown risks of possible late relapse and long-term side effects. An emerging question is whether CML might be cured with the right combination of these or other targeted therapies.
Markov-based Silhouette Extraction for Three--Dimensional Body Tracking in Presence of Cluttered Background (2004)

We propose a novel method to detect human body contours in presence of clutter and complex texture.Contours are extracted using a novel Markovbased approach which learns a texture along a given scanline in order to detect texture crossings.In contrast to conventional silhouette detection algorithms based on gradient, our texture boundary detection method allows extraction of silhouettes of textured and non-textured objects under difficult conditions such as having a cluttered/moving background.We demonstrate on demanding examples of monocular body tracking that our proposed method yields better results than gradient-based techniques.
Determining Unique Fi ngerprint Features for Biometric Encoding of Data (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.