gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning single wall carbon nanotubes for hydrogen storage (2012)

The purpose of this research is to development the technology required for producing 3-D nano-engineered frameworks for hydrogen storage based on sp2 carbon media, which will have high gravimetric and especially high volumetric uptake of hydrogen, and in an aligned fibrous array that will take advantage of the exceptionally high thermal conductivity of sp2 carbon materials to speed up the fueling process while minimizing or eliminating the need for internal cooling systems. A limitation for nearly all storage media using physisorption of the hydrogen molecule is the large amount of surface area (SA) occupied by each H2 molecule due to its large zero-point vibrational energy. This creates a conundrum that in order to maximize SA, the physisorption media is made more tenuous and the density is decreased, usually well below 1 kg/L, so that there comes a tradeoff between volumetric and gravimetric uptake. Our major goal was to develop a new type of media with high density H2 uptake, which favors volumetric storage and which, in turn, has the capability to meet the ultimate DoE H2 goals.
Comparison of Data from Fresh and Frozen AML Samples for Functional Drug Testing (2022)

Functional testing on cancer patient samples is common in cancer research, but the methodology and type of samples used can vary considerably between studies. In 25 recent studies, where functional testing was performed on blood cancers, half used fresh samples, while others included only frozen or both sample types. Here, we investigated how sample handling influences functional testing in primary acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patient samples. To look for systematic changes in cell population induced by sample handling, we first compared cellular function between frozen (n=70) and freshly isolated (n=112) bone marrow mononuclear cell samples from patients with AML using a high-throughput functional drug testing assay with 528 clinically applied and emerging drugs. We then specifically collected paired samples (n=10) before and after cryopreservation using drug testing and flow cytometry as readouts, including a flow cytometry-based drug testing assay for selected compounds.The Z'-factor, an assay quality indicator, was similar between frozen and fresh sample groups. However, overall cell viability and growth rate were significantly lower in the frozen samples. Interestingly, in fresh samples, delays from sampling to the start of the assay had no effect up to 72h. When comparing overall drug efficacies, most of the drugs tested correlated highly between sample types, but 29 out of 528 drugs showed a notable systematic difference in drug sensitivity. Samples that had been frozen were more sensitive to drugs such as kinase inhibitors (amcasertib, dinaciclib), as well as apoptotic modulators (S-63845), and proteasome inhibitors (VLX1570). Additionally, fresh samples were more sensitive to paclitaxel than frozen ones across the paired samples.The cell composition of paired samples was also affected by cryopreservation, with a reduction in the frequency of cells expressing c-KIT (CD117) and a reduction of cells with high granularity (side scatter). Similar effects could be observed for the flow cytometry-based assay where frozen samples showed a cryopreservation-potentiated reduction in CD34+,CD11b+ and CD56+ cells after proteasome inhibitor treatment, and a reduction in CD56+ cells after taxane treatment. In conclusion, drug responses are in general highly correlated between fresh and frozen samples for about 95% of the drugs tested. However, careful consideration should be given to the specific drugs and cell populations of interest before deciding on sample handling methodology. This may be of particular importance when investigating specific drugs and phenotypes affecting cell proliferation and maturation stage, as sample handling may induce systematic differences and confound interpretation.
Measurement of differential cross sections of isolated-photon plus heavy-flavour jet production in pp collisions at s=8 TeV using the ATLAS detector (2017)

This Letter presents the measurement of differential cross sections of isolated prompt photons produced in association with a b-jet or a c-jet. These final states provide sensitivity to the heavy-flavour content of the proton and aspects related to the modelling of heavy-flavour quarks in perturbative QCD. The measurement uses proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV recorded by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2012 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of up to 20.2 fb -1 . The differential cross sections are measured for each jet flavour with respect to the transverse energy of the leading photon in two photon pseudorapidity regions: | | < 1.37 and 1.56 < | | < 2.37. The measurement covers photon transverse energies 25 < E T < 400 GeV and 25 < E T < 350 GeV respectively for the two | | regions. For each jet flavour, the ratio of the cross sections in the two | | regions is also measured. The measurement is corrected for detector effects and compared to leading-order and nextto-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, based on various treatments and assumptions about the heavy-flavour content of the proton. Overall, the predictions agree well with the measurement, but some deviations are observed at high photon transverse energies. The total uncertainty in the measurement ranges between 13% and 66%, while the central + b measurement exhibits the smallest uncertainty, ranging from 13% to 27%, which is comparable to the precision of the theoretical predictions.
Genetic algorithm evolution of utility bidding strategies for the competitive marketplace (1998)

This paper describes an environment in which distribution companies (discos) and generation companies (gencos), buy and sell power via double auctions implemented in a regional commodity exchange. The electric utilities' profits depend on the implementation of a successful bidding strategy. In this research, a genetic algorithm evolves bidding strategies as gencos and discos trade power. A framework in which bidding strategies may be tested and modified is presented. This simulated electric commodity exchange can be used offline to predict whether bid strategies will be profitable and successful. It can also be used to experimentally verify how bidding behavior affects the competitive electric marketplace.
Conformational studies of Zn-Ligand-Hexose diastereomers using ion mobility measurements and density functional theory calculations (2002)

Ion mobility studies and density functional theory calculations were used to study the structures of [Zn/diethylenetriamine/Hexose/Cl]+ complexes in an effort to probe differences in the three-dimensional conformations. This information allows us to gain insight into the structure of these complexes before collisional activation, which is the first step in understanding the stereoselective dissociations observed under collisionally activated conditions. The collision cross sections obtained from the ion mobility measurements showed that the mannose structure is more compact than the galactose and glucose complexes, respectively. Using density functional theory, candidate structures for each of the experimentally observed complexes were generated. Two criteria were used to determine the most likely structures of these complexes before activation: (1) The allowed relative energies of the molecules (between 0-90 kJ/mol) and (2) collision cross section agreement (within 2%) between the theoretically determined structures and the experimentally determined cross section. It was found that the identity of the monosaccharide made a difference in the overall conformation of the metal-ligand-monosaccharide complex. For glucose and galactose, metal coordination to O(6) was found to be favorable, with the monosaccharide occupying the 4C1 chair conformation, while for mannose, O(2) metal coordination was found with the monosaccharide in a B3,0 conformation. Coordination numbers varied between four and six for the Zn(II) metal centers. Given these results, it appears that the stereochemistry of the monosaccharide influences the conformation and metal coordination sites of the Zn(II)/monosaccharide/dien complex. These differences may influence the dissociation products observed under collisionally activated conditions.
Genetic Vaccination Targeting T-Cell Receptors (2003)

T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) genes (which consist of variable (V), diversity (D), joining (J) and constant (C) segments) undergo rearrangement during T-cell development and result in the expression of a disulfide linked heterodimer (α and ß chains) on the surface of mature T-cells (1,2). The TCR confers specificity to each T-cell for antigen recognition (in the context of major histocompatibility (MHC) molecules (1,3). Clonal TCR-ß chain gene rearrangements have been demonstrated in DNA samples derived from cutaneous tumors, peripheral blood lymphocytes and lymph nodes of patients with cutaneous T cell lymphomas (CTCL) (4-6). Together with immunohistologic data (7), these findings indicate that CTCL is a clonal disease of malignant T cells that express α/ß-TCR.
Functional ultrasound imaging of deep visual cortex in awake nonhuman primates (2020)

Deep regions of the brain are not easily accessible to investigation at the mesoscale level in awake animals or humans. We have recently developed a functional ultrasound (fUS) technique that enables imaging hemodynamic responses to visual tasks. Using fUS imaging on two awake nonhuman primates performing a passive fixation task, we constructed retinotopic maps at depth in the visual cortex (V1, V2, and V3) in the calcarine and lunate sulci. The maps could be acquired in a single-hour session with relatively few presentations of the stimuli. The spatial resolution of the technology is illustrated by mapping patterns similar to ocular dominance (OD) columns within superficial and deep layers of the primary visual cortex. These acquisitions using fUS suggested that OD selectivity is mostly present in layer IV but with extensions into layers II/III and V. This imaging technology provides a new mesoscale approach to the mapping of brain activity at high spatiotemporal resolution in awake subjects within the whole depth of the cortex.
Selective Hydrogen Atom Abstraction through Induced Bond Polarization: Direct α‐Arylation of Alcohols through Photoredox, HAT, and Nickel Catalysis (2018)

The combination of nickel metallaphotoredox catalysis, hydrogen atom transfer catalysis, and a Lewis acid activation mode, has led to the development of an arylation method for the selective functionalization of alcohol α-hydroxy C-H bonds. This approach employs zinc-mediated alcohol deprotonation to activate α-hydroxy C-H bonds while simultaneously suppressing C-O bond formation by inhibiting the formation of nickel alkoxide species. The use of Zn-based Lewis acids also deactivates other hydridic bonds such as α-amino and α-oxy C-H bonds. This approach facilitates rapid access to benzylic alcohols, an important motif in drug discovery. A 3-step synthesis of the drug Prozac exemplifies the utility of this new method.
An Automated Framework for Board-Level Trojan Benchmarking (2022)

Economic and operational advantages have led the supply chain of printed circuit boards (PCBs) to incorporate various untrusted entities. Any of the untrusted entities are capable of introducing malicious alterations to facilitate a functional failure or leakage of secret information during field operation. While researchers have been investigating the threat of malicious modification within the scale of individual microelectronic components, the possibility of a board-level malicious manipulation has essentially been unexplored. In the absence of standard benchmarking solutions, prospective countermeasures for PCB trust assurance are likely to utilize homegrown representation of the attacks that undermine their evaluation and do not provide scope for comparison with other techniques. In this article, we have developed a benchmarking solution to facilitate an unbiased and comparable evaluation of countermeasures applicable to PCB trust assurance. Based on a taxonomy tailored for PCB-level alterations, we have developed a toolflow for the automatic generation of Trojan benchmarks to facilitate a comprehensive evaluation against a large number of diverse Trojan implementations and application of data mining for trust verification. Using the toolflow, we have developed a suite of custom “Trojan benchmarks” (i.e., PCB designs with Trojans) containing representative examples of Trojans in the taxonomy inserted in different PCB designs of varying complexity and functionality. Finally, with experimental measurements from a fabricated PCB and structural analysis of netlist, we analyze the stealthiness of the Trojan designs and present the runtime of the tool for a large number of PCB designs.
Replication Data for: Probing Atomic Distributions in Mono- and Bimetallic Nanoparticles by Supervised Machine Learning (2019)

The data underlying this published work have been made publicly available in this repository as part of the IMASC Data Management Plan. This work was supported as part of the Integrated Mesoscale Architectures for Sustainable Catalysis (IMASC), an Energy Frontier Research Center funded by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences under Award # DE-SC0012573.
Geologist's Field Assistant: Developing Image and Spectral Analyses Algorithms for Remote Science Exploration (2002)

We are developing science analyses algorithms to interface with a Geologist's Field Assistant device to allow robotic or human remote explorers to better sense their surroundings during limited surface excursions. Our algorithms will interpret spectral and imaging data obtained by various sensors. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.
Interference effects in diffractive beam shaping elements (1998)

An increasing number of commercially available and proprietary design algorithms based on scalar or electromagnetic theory allow the calculation of a large variety of diffractive optical elements (DOEs) with excellent performance and high diffraction efficiencies. However, micro-structuring technologies used for the fabrication of DOEs have tolerances and limitations that reduce the measured diffraction efficiencies to below the theoretical values. For some applications not only the absolute value of the diffraction efficiency is of concern, but at least the same importance has to be paid to the spatial distribution and the optical effects of the stray light. Collimating and beam shaping elements are typical examples for the latter case. Due to interference effects with the "signal beam", very small amounts of stray light can already reduce the optical performance significantly, e.g. characterized by an irradiance uniformity. Especially for applications with beam shaping DOEs in micro-systems these effects get more critical since the short propagation lengths do not allow a complete separation of the desired and the stray light.
Qualitative differences in cellular immunogenicity elicited by hepatitis C virus T-Cell vaccines employing prime-boost regimens (2017)

T-cell based vaccines have been considered as attractive candidates for prevention of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections. In this study we compared the magnitude and phenotypic characteristics of CD8+ T-cells induced by three commonly used viral vectors, Adenovirus-5 (Ad5), Vaccinia virus (VV) and Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing the HCV NS3/4A protein. C57/BL6 mice were primed with DNA expressing NS3/4A and boosted with each of the viral vectors in individual groups of mice. We then tracked the vaccine-induced CD8+ T-cell responses using pentamer binding and cytokine production analysis. Overall, our data indicate that the memory cells induced by Ad5 were inferior to those induced by VV or MVA. We found that Ad5 boosting resulted in rapid expansion and significantly higher frequencies of NS3-specific T-cells compared to VV and MVA boosting. However, the functional profiles, assessed through analysis of the memory cell marker CD127 and the anti-apoptotic molecule Bcl-2 in the blood, spleen, and liver; and measurements of interferon-gamma, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-2 production indicated significantly lower frequencies of long-lived memory T-cells following Ad5 boosting compared to VV and MVA. This same set of analyses suggested that the memory cells induced following boosting with MVA were superior to those induced by both Ad5 and VV. This superiority of the MVA-induced CD8+ T-cells was confirmed following surrogate challenge of mice with a recombinant mouse herpes virus expressing the HCV NS3 protein. Higher levels of NS3-specific CD8+ T-cells displaying the functional markers CD69, Ki67 and Granzyme B were found in the spleens of mice boosted with MVA compared to VV and Ad5, both alone and in combination. These data suggest that MVA may be a more successful viral vector for induction of effective CD8+ T-cell responses against hepatitis C virus.
Xtreme Xylanase (Hemicellulase) (2008)

INL researchers discovered a highly acid-stable and thermostable xylanase (enzyme) that breaks down cellulose and hemicellulose from biomass into simple sugars used to produce fuels and chemicals.
Oxygen‐binding Protein Fiber and Microgel: Supramolecular Myoglobin–Poly(acrylate) Conjugates (2016)

A supramolecular conjugate of myoglobin (Mb) and water-soluble poly(acrylate), (PA5k and PA25k , where 5k and 25k represent the molecular weight of the polymers, respectively), is constructed on the basis of a noncovalent heme-heme pocket interaction. The modified heme with an amino group linked to the terminus of one of the heme-propionates is coupled to the side-chain carboxyl groups of poly(acrylate) activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide. The ratios of the heme-modified monomer unit and the unmodified monomer unit (m:n) in the polymer chains of Heme-PA5k and Heme-PA25k were determined to be 4.5:95.5 and 3.1:96.9, respectively. Subsequent addition of apoMb to the conjugated polymers provides Mb-connected fibrous nanostructures confirmed by atomic force microscopy. A mixture of the heme-modified polymer and dimeric apomyoglobin as a cross-linker forms a microgel in which the reconstituted myoglobin retains its native exogenous ligand binding activity.
How Cats Lap: Water Uptake by Felis catus (2010)

Animals have developed a range of drinking strategies depending on physiological and environmental constraints. Vertebrates with incomplete cheeks use their tongue to drink; the most common example is the lapping of cats and dogs. We show that the domestic cat (Felis catus) laps by a subtle mechanism based on water adhesion to the dorsal side of the tongue. A combined experimental and theoretical analysis reveals that Felis catus exploits fluid inertia to defeat gravity and pull liquid into the mouth. This competition between inertia and gravity sets the lapping frequency and yields a prediction for the dependence of frequency on animal mass. Measurements of lapping frequency across the family Felidae support this prediction, which suggests that the lapping mechanism is conserved among felines.
Microwave imaging of brain strokes: numerical and experimental error modeling (2017)

International audience
Supplementary Figure 1 from First-in-Human Study of AT13148, a Dual ROCK-AKT Inhibitor in Patients with Solid Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Relationship between dose and AUC/Cmax&lt;/p&gt;
Three-dimensional integration technology of magnetic tunnel junctions for magnetoresistive random access memory application (2017)

Three-dimensional integration processes (based on direct wafer bonding and back-surface silicon removal) for magnetic tunnel junctions with perpendicular magnetization (p-MTJs) were developed. Perfect wafer bonding, namely, bonding without interfacial voids, and damageless silicon removal were successfully demonstrated by using very flat tantalum cap layers. Moreover, p-MTJ nanopillars subjected to these processes exhibited no degradation in magnetoresistance or spin-transfer-torque (STT) switching. Magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM) technology incorporating these processes (direct wafer bonding and back-surface silicon removal) will make it possible to integrate epitaxial MTJs (with a single-crystal tunnel barrier) and ferromagnetic electrode layers (based on new materials).
Measurement accuracy of fringe projection depending on surface normal direction (2009)

An accuracy analysis of fringe projection systems is performed taking into account the geometric properties of the sensor and the surface shape of the measuring objects. Especially the deviations of the normal vector directions between the optical axis of projection and observation contribute to differences in the achievable measuring accuracy. An accuracy model was developed which describes the relation between the (fix) geometry of the sensor components and the (variable) conditions of the measurement characterized by a set of parameters on the one side and the measuring accuracy on the other side.
Investigation of the persulfate/itaconic acid interaction and implications for emulsion polymerization (1990)

Abstract Itaconic acid, a carboxylated water‐soluble vinyl monomer, is shown to greatly induce the thermal decomposition of potassium persulfate initiator. From decomposition rate studies carried out at 50, 60, and 70°C, the rate constants for this interaction are found to be increased eight to 15 times as much over the values of rate constants from uninduced decompositions. The induction is found to be particularly sensitive to the concentration of the first anion of itaconic acid and is thought to lead to wastage of initiator radicals. As the polymerization temperature is increased from 50 to 70°C, this interaction between itaconic acid and persulfate leads to worsening monomer conversion levels in acrylate latexes made with both compounds. Employing a water‐soluble azo initiator in the presence of itaconic acid does not result in any induced decomposition of the former. Acrylate latexes prepared with these two compounds have monomer conversion levels which rise as the polymerization temperature is increased, as is expected in conventional emulsion polymerizations.
Blue generation at 456 nm by single-pass frequency-doubling of a Nd:GdVO/sub 4/ micro-laser in a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO/sub 3/ ridge-type waveguide (2006)

This paper reports on our work toward scaling deep blue light by single-pass SHG-QPM of a 912-nm Nd:GdVO/sub 4/ laser in a PPMgLN ridge-type waveguide. The maximum measured blue power was 93 mW with an infrared-to-blue conversion efficiency of 14.6%.
The measurement of visual acuity in children: an evidence‐based update (2013)

Over the past decade, a number of large clinical trials have provided important information relating to the reliability and repeatability of commonly used paediatric tests of vision and their role in the diagnosis and management of paediatric ocular diseases. The aim of this review is to summarise recent findings on the use of paediatric visual acuity tests in clinical practice and to discuss the validity and accuracy of visual acuity measurements in infants and young children. We provide a broad overview of the benefits and challenges of measuring visual acuity in children and then discuss age-appropriate tests for measuring visual acuity in infants through to school-age children. We also discuss normative values for visual acuity in each age group and, where possible, provide comparisons of results between tests with a particular focus on the importance of optotype design.
Bone morphogenetic protein signaling promotes tumorigenesis in a murine model of high-grade glioma (2015)

BMP inhibition may represent a viable therapeutic approach in adult HGG.