gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave antenna array for high temperature materials processing (2010)

Industrial scale high temperature microwave processing of materials, like e.g., dielectric heating for sintering or heat treatment of powder metals and ceramics has not been successful yet, mainly because of lack of suitable equipment. The paper presents results of antenna development aiming at 2.45 Ghz microwave transmission into hot processing chambers, with minimum heat loss because only minor cooling of windows or transmission lines is required. High power microwave coupling is enabled by an array of high temperature resistant rod antennas. The design is performed in two steps: first simulation (FDTD) and experimental validation is done for a single antenna, than the results are transferred into the design of a 6 antenna array. This antenna array is capable of transmitting up to 36 kW 2.45 GHz radiation into a 1m <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> volume process chamber at temperatures up to 1500°C. The E-H-field distribution and the limitations of material selection for the antenna array are discussed.
Theoretical studies on the transmission and reflection properties of metallic planar fractals (2004)

We describe a systematic finite-difference-time-domain study on the electromagnetic (EM) characteristics of a specific type of planar metallic fractal patterns. These fractals are shown to totally reflect EM waves at a series of frequencies; between any two reflection frequencies there can be total transmission at some particular frequency. We show that both reflection and transmission are induced by local resonances, and develop an effective medium model to reproduce the simulation results. A double stack of 90-rotated fractals is shown to exhibit absolute band gaps independent of both the polarization and incidence angles. In particular, the size of the band gaps can be significantly enlarged by multilayer stacking, and the fractal sample size can be significantly smaller than the relevant band gap wavelength.
X-ray emission from subpicosecond laser-produced plasmas (1988)

We have used a high-power subpicosecond laser to produce a high-temperature high-density plasma. Under subpicosecond illumination, absorption of the laser light and plasma x-ray emission can occur at densities higher than critical. This can lead to the production of x-ray pulses with rapid rise and fall times. 1,2
Transfer of Calibration to CubeSat On-board Carbon Nanotube Sources (2019)

Calibration of CubeSat and other small payloads presents a variety of challenges including greater susceptibility to the space environment, volume constraints on calibration sources and subsystems, and power constraints on electronics. CIRiS (Compact Infrared Radiometer in Space), built by Ball Aerospace, is a multispectral, thermal infrared, radiometric imaging instrument with on-board calibration system, whose small volume (< 8 cm x 20 cm x 20 cm), weight (< 2 kg) and power (< 9.5 W average, including heaters) are compatible with CubeSat spacecraft, or any application with resource constraints. CIRiS has been integrated to a 6U spacecraft bus for an upcoming mission in Low Earth Orbit (LEO). The primary mission objective is demonstration of new technologies for radiometric imaging and calibration from CubeSats or SmallSats. New technologies on CIRiS include two 1/8 inch thick, flat-panel, high emissivity (e> .9965) carbon nanotube (CNT) blackbody sources and a new model of uncooled microbolometer Focal Plane Array (FPA) with less demanding temperature stabilization requirements than previous versions. Three calibration views are available in space: to 1) deep space 2) an on-board CNT source at a selectable and controlled temperature and 3) an on-board CNT source at the instrument temperature, also controlled. The CIRiS instrument enables on-orbit selection of calibration parameters including source temperatures, viewing sequence, timing and other variables. Variation of these parameters during the mission will enable optimization of radiometric and calibration performance. A campaign of thermal-vacuum (TVAC) testing has been completed on the integrated CIRiS instrument and spacecraft. TVAC operations and testing included calibration transfer from a NIST traceable source to the two on-board CNT sources, exercise of the instrument through operational and survival temperature ranges, and instrument performance characterization. The instrument was intentionally configured in TVAC to emulate the on-orbit thermal configuration, with temperature gradients and thermal transients at levels indicated by modeling of the on-orbit thermal configuration. Performance characterization included measurements of repeatability, reproducibility and signal drift.
Spherical Nucleic Acids* (2020)

This chapter provides a historical perspective of the development of spherical nucleic acid (SNA) conjugates and other three-dimensional nucleic acid nanostructures. It details the synthetic methods for preparing them, followed by a discussion of their unique properties and theoretical and experimental models for understanding them. The chapter presents important examples of technological advances made possible by their fundamental properties spanning the fields of chemistry, molecular diagnostics, gene regulation, medicine, and materials science. The physical SNA structures described are synthesized independent of nucleic acid sequence and hybridization; they are formed via chemical bonds, not recognition processes. SNA nanostructures are chemically quite sophisticated and can have markedly different properties depending upon the components and their placement within such structures. The chapter outlines some of the general design considerations of SNA–nanoparticles, their unusual properties, and what is understood about the structure–function relationships of these materials.
CNOS: A Strong Baseline for CAD-based Novel Object Segmentation (2023)

We propose a simple three-stage approach to segment unseen objects in RGB images using their CAD models. Leveraging recent powerful foundation models, DINOv2 and Segment Anything, we create descriptors and generate proposals, including binary masks for a given input RGB image. By matching proposals with reference descriptors created from CAD models, we achieve precise object ID assignment along with modal masks. We experimentally demonstrate that our method achieves state-of-the-art results in CAD-based novel object segmentation, surpassing existing approaches on the seven core datasets of the BOP challenge by 19.8% AP using the same BOP evaluation protocol. Our source code is available at https://github.com/nv-nguyen/cnos.
Photonic Crystal Laser Technology Based on Nanostructured III-V Active Material (2002)

Photonic crystals combined with III-V nanostructures form a synergistic solution to device scaling that allows photonic technology to move into the regime controlled by quantum phenomena. Photonic crystals confine photons to the dimensions of the wavelength of light, while III-V nanostructures confine electrons and holes to the dimensions of their thermal de Broglie wavelengths. The result of combining these two approaches is full quantum control over light and charge carriers to create ultra small cavity lasers, in addition to providing the photonic interconnects to realize densely integrated photonic chips. Small cavity lasers are of interest for a variety of reasons. A decrease of a semiconductor laser's volume to its minimum size, while maintaining high Q, along with a decrease in the electronic confinement potential, can lead to revolutionary advances in device operation. These include high-speed operation below and at threshold, and high efficiency in the spontaneous regime below threshold. In the ultimate limits of small active volume and sufficiently high Q the system can enter the quantum reversible regime necessary to create quantum entangled states. Today both these quantum limits of the photons and electron-hole pairs are possible using III-V nanostructured active material and nanostructured photonic crystals. The goal of this program is to develop the laser and optoelectronic device technologies that achieve photon and electron confinement to generate 0-dimensional states, based on two revolutionary advances in nanolithography and dry etching to fabricate nanocrystals containing self-organized quantum
Synthesis and Solid-State NMR Structural Characterization of 13 C-Labeled Graphite Oxide (2008)

The detailed chemical structure of graphite oxide (GO), a layered material prepared from graphite almost 150 years ago and a precursor to chemically modified graphenes, has not been previously resolved because of the pseudo-random chemical functionalization of each layer, as well as variations in exact composition. Carbon-13 (13C) solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectra of GO for natural abundance 13C have poor signal-to-noise ratios. Approximately 100% 13C-labeled graphite was made and converted to 13C-labeled GO, and 13C SSNMR was used to reveal details of the chemical bonding network, including the chemical groups and their connections. Carbon-13-labeled graphite can be used to prepare chemically modified graphenes for 13C SSNMR analysis with enhanced sensitivity and for fundamental studies of 13C-labeled graphite and graphene.
Crystal structure and functional interpretation of the erythrocyte spectrin tetramerization domain complex (2010)

As the principal component of the membrane skeleton, spectrin confers integrity and flexibility to red cell membranes. Although this network involves many interactions, the most common hemolytic anemia mutations that disrupt erythrocyte morphology affect the spectrin tetramerization domains. Although much is known clinically about the resulting conditions (hereditary elliptocytosis and pyropoikilocytosis), the detailed structural basis for spectrin tetramerization and its disruption by hereditary anemia mutations remains elusive. Thus, to provide further insights into spectrin assembly and tetramer site mutations, a crystal structure of the spectrin tetramerization domain complex has been determined. Architecturally, this complex shows striking resemblance to multirepeat spectrin fragments, with the interacting tetramer site region forming a central, composite repeat. This structure identifies conformational changes in alpha-spectrin that occur upon binding to beta-spectrin, and it reports the first structure of the beta-spectrin tetramerization domain. Analysis of the interaction surfaces indicates an extensive interface dominated by hydrophobic contacts and supplemented by electrostatic complementarity. Analysis of evolutionarily conserved residues suggests additional surfaces that may form important interactions. Finally, mapping of hereditary anemia-related mutations onto the structure demonstrate that most, but not all, local hereditary anemia mutations map to the interacting domains. The potential molecular effects of these mutations are described.
Polyamine-Blocking Therapy Reverses Immunosuppression in the Tumor Microenvironment (2013)

Correcting T-cell immunosuppression may unleash powerful antitumor responses; however, knowledge about the mechanisms and modifiers that may be targeted to improve therapy remains incomplete. Here, we report that polyamine elevation in cancer, a common metabolic aberration in aggressive lesions, contributes significantly to tumor immunosuppression and that a polyamine depletion strategy can exert antitumor effects that may also promote immunity. A polyamine-blocking therapy (PBT) that combines the well-characterized ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitor difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) with AMXT 1501, a novel inhibitor of the polyamine transport system, blocked tumor growth in immunocompetent mice but not in athymic nude mice lacking T cells. PBT had little effect on the proliferation of epithelial tumor cells, but it increased the number of apoptotic cells. Analysis of CD45(+) tumor immune infiltrates revealed that PBT decreased levels of Gr-1(+)CD11b(+) myeloid suppressor cells and increased CD3(+) T cells. Strikingly, in a model of neoadjuvant therapy, mice administered with PBT one week before surgical resection of engrafted mammary tumors exhibited resistance to subsequent tumor rechallenge. Collectively, our results indicate that therapies targeting polyamine metabolism do not act exclusively as antiproliferative agents, but also act strongly to prevent immune escape by the tumor. PBT may offer a general approach to heighten immune responses in cancer.
Fluorescence optical diffusion tomography using multiple-frequency data (2004)

A method is presented for fluorescence optical diffusion tomography in turbid media using multiple-frequency data. The method uses a frequency-domain diffusion equation model to reconstruct the fluorescent yield and lifetime by means of a Bayesian framework and an efficient, nonlinear optimizer. The method is demonstrated by using simulations and laboratory experiments to show that reconstruction quality can be improved in certain problems through the use of more than one frequency. A broadly applicable mutual information performance metric is also presented and used to investigate the advantages of using multiple modulation frequencies compared with using only one.
Long-term and large-scale multispecies dataset tracking population changes of common European breeding birds (2020)

Around fifteen thousand fieldworkers annually count breeding birds using standardized protocols in 30 European countries. The observations are collected by using country-specific and standardized protocols, validated, summarized and finally used for the production of continent-wide annual and long-term indices of population size changes of 170 species. Here, we present the database and provide a detailed summary of the methodology used for fieldwork and calculation of the relative population size change estimates. We also provide a brief overview of how the data are used in research, conservation and policy. We believe this unique database, based on decades of bird monitoring alongside the comprehensive summary of its methodology, will facilitate and encourage further use of the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme results. The Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme database is organised into five datasets: (1) European species indices, (2) European species trends, (3) European species trends for three short periods, (4) a list of details on the national monitoring schemes and (5) a matrix of countries providing data for population size estimates of individual species. Moreover, national-level species indices and uncertainty estimates are also available in the PECBMS database. Due to specific privacy ownership rights, the most recent (2016-2017) data from Spain (10.5281/zenodo.4590140) and Cyprus (10.5281/zenodo.4590189) are under Restricted Access and researchers interested in these most recent updates are required to provide a brief description of the data use. The Austrian and Portuguese datasets are publicly available but researchers using these datasets are kindly requested to notify the national scheme coordinators of their use. A list of regularly updated contacts to all national scheme coordinators is provided at the PECBMS website (https://pecbms.info/country/). We aim to maintain the PECBMS database with annual updates. The annual updates will be available through the PECBMS database deposited at this Zenodo repository to ensure long-term public availability of the data. Updates on data acquisiton and data processing in the dataset released in 2021 are available from: https://pecbms.info/what-is-new-in-2021-data-update/ Updates on data acquisiton and data processing in the dataset released in 2022 are available from: https://pecbms.info/what-is-new-in-2022-data-update/
Strong and Simple Baselines for Multimodal Utterance Embeddings (2019)

Paul Pu Liang, Yao Chong Lim, Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai, Ruslan Salakhutdinov, Louis-Philippe Morency. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 1 (Long and Short Papers). 2019.
Evidence of localization effect on photoelectron transport induced by alloy disorder in nitride semiconductor compounds (2022)

Near-bandgap photoemission spectroscopy experiments were performed on p-GaN and p-InGaN/GaN photocathodes activated to negative electron affinity. The photoemission quantum yield of the InGaN samples drops by more than one order of magnitude when the temperature is decreased while it remains constant on the GaN sample. This indicates a freezing of photoelectron transport in p-InGaN that we attribute to electron localization in the fluctuating potential induced by the alloy disorder. This interpretation is confirmed by the disappearence at low temperature of the peak in the photoemission spectrum that corresponds to the contribution of the photoelectrons relaxed at the bottom of the InGaN conduction band.
Modeling of stator teeth-tip iron losses in fractional-slot concentrated winding surface PM machines (2009)

This paper presents a model for estimating the iron losses in the stator teeth tips of surface permanent magnet (SPM) machines with fractional-slot concentrated windings based on simplified semi-analytical solutions for the machine flux densities. This model is being developed for use in machine design optimization software that analyzes very large numbers of candidate designs. Tooth tip design details are important because a significant fraction of the total stator iron losses is concentrated in these structures during high-speed operation. The first model in this paper focuses on closed-form solutions for no-load operation. It is shown that the simplified model can estimate the stator losses predicted by finite element (FE) analysis within 15% while consuming less than 0.1% of the calculation time required for FE analysis. Armature reaction is included by means of conformal mapping analysis that makes it possible to predict the tooth-tip losses during loaded operation within 15% of the FE results.
Professor Daoben Zhu: a giant in organic solids in China (2022)

Guest editors Qichun Zhang, Wenping Hu, Thuc-Quyen Nguyen, Qibing Pei and Jia Zhu introduce this Journal of Materials Chemistry C issue in honour of Professor Daoben Zhu on the occasion of his 80th birthday.
Human Shape and Motion from Video (2004)

In recent years, because cameras have become inexpensive and ever more prevalent, there has been increasing interest in modeling human shape and motion from image data. This type of modeling has many applications, such as electronic publishing, entertainment, sports medicine and athletic training. This, however, is an inherently difficult task, both because the body is very complex and because the data that can be extracted from images is often incomplete, noisy and ambiguous. EPFL’s Computer Vision Laboratory seeks to overcome these difficulties by using facial and body anima tion models, not only to represent the data, but also to guide the fitting pr ocess, thereby substantially improving performance. Start from sophisticated 3-D animation models, we reformulate them so that they can be used for data analysis in the three following research areas. 1 Augmented reality and 3-D tracking In augmented reality applications, tracking and registrat ion of cameras and objects are required because, to combine real and rendered scenes, we must project synthetic models at the right location in real images. As shown in Fig. 1, we have developed robust realtime methods for 3-D tracking of rigid objects and human faces [9, 10]. We formulate the tracking problem in terms of local bundle adjustment and merge the information from preceding frames with that provided by a very limited number of keyframes created during a training stage, which results in a real-time tracker that d oes not jitter or drift and can deal with significant aspect changes. We have also developed the f ast 3-D object detection and pose estimation method [4, 5] which can be used to initialize or reinitialize the tracker in real-time. It relies on matching keypoints but, by contrast with previous methods that rely either on using ad hoc local descriptors or on estimating local affine deformations, the wide baseline matching of these keypoints is treated as a classification problem, in which each class corresponds to the set of all possible views of such a point. We synthesize a large number of views of individual keypoints of the object and train a classifier to recognize them. At run-time, we rely on this description to decide to which class, if any, an observed feature belongs. This formulation allows us to use powerful and fast classification methods to reduce matching error rates.
A 600&#x00B0;C wireless multimorph-based capacitive MEMS temperature sensor for component health monitoring (2012)

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a new packaged MEMS capacitive temperature sensor for engine component health-monitoring applications and measurement results above 500-600°C. The multimorphs employed are thermal-SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /LPCVD-Si <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> N <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> /sputtered-Au beams designed for deflection at these temperatures. The mean initial capacitance of the sensors is 6.441 pF; with a standard deviation of 0.197 pF. The robust fabrication process and packaging yield consistent capacitance-temperature profiles from device-to-device. Similarly, the devices exhibit a consistently-high measured average quality factor of 1,727 with a standard deviation of 54 for 5 packaged devices. Also presented are laser confocal microscope profiles from the thermal-annealing process, detailing the break-in period, after which no additional creep is observed, even after over 24 hours at 650°C. This is a first-of-its-kind MEMS sensor with unparalleled performance for harsh-environment wireless temperature sensing.
A stochastic approach for evaluating quality of service in wireless cellular networks (2013)

Recent increases in application and user data over cellular networks requires networks service providers to guarantee a well-defined quality of service for their customers. As such, network service providers must be able to evaluate and assess the quality of service in different types of applications over their networks. This paper presents a method for assessing quality of service in application-specific and user-centric data on cellular networks. To this end, it formulates the evaluation problem as a stochastic multi-attribute decision problem in which measurement parameters are used as probabilistic attributes of the problem collected in drive testing over three different cellular networks. Matrix relational analysis is applied on the decision matrix to solve the problem by reaching a final ranking of the networks based on the collected measured values of the problem parameters. A case study is used to show how this approach can be effective in evaluating quality of service in cellular networks.