gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complexity of lexical descriptions and its relevance to partial parsing (1997)

Complexity of Lexical Descriptions and its Relevance to Partial Parsing Srinivas Bangalore Supervisor: Aravind K. Joshi In this dissertation, we have proposed novel methods for robust parsing that integrate the flexibility of linguistically motivated lexical descriptions with the robustness of statistical techniques. Our thesis is that the computation of linguistic structure can be localized if lexical items are associated with rich descriptions (supertags) that impose complex constraints in a local context. However, increasing the complexity of descriptions makes the number of different descriptions for each lexical item much larger and hence increases the local ambiguity for a parser. This local ambiguity can be resolved by using supertag co-occurrence statistics collected from parsed corpora. We have explored these ideas in the context of Lexicalized Tree-Adjoining Grammar (LTAG) framework wherein supertag disambiguation provides a representation that is an almost parse. We have use...
HTS Quad-band High-sensitivity Receiver for a 4.5-m Radio Telescope (2019)

This paper presents a high-Tc superconducting (HTS) quad-band high-sensitivity receiver for a 4.5-m radio telescope. The developed receiver consists of an HTS quad-band filter, a cryogenic low-noise amplifier, and a high-reliability compact cryocooler. The HTS filter allows passage of only protected radio astronomy bands (1.4, 1.6, 1.7, and 2.3 GHz) and attenuates radio frequency interference (RFI) by 30 dB or more. The quad-band filter comprises a tri-band filter and a band rejection filter (BRF). The BRF has narrow-band response for reducing 1.6 GHz RFI, in consideration of RFI from satellite phones allocated adjacent to this radio astronomy frequency. The HTS receiver operates at 77 K, its mass is 15 kg, and it can directly connect to the feed antenna. In-band noise at the receiver is about 0.40 dB, demonstrating its high sensitivity.
Cumulant-based order determination of non-Gaussian ARMA models (1990)

The objective is the order determination of non-Gaussian and nonminimum phase autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, using higher-order cumulant statistics. The two methods developed assume knowledge of upper bounds on the ARMA orders. The first method performs a linear dependence search among the columns of a higher-order statistics matrix by means of the Gram-Schmidt orthogonalization procedure. In the second method, the order of the AR part is found as the rank of the matrix formed by the higher-order statistics sequence. For numerically robust rank determination the singular value decomposition approach is adopted. The argument principle and samples of the polyspectral phase are used to obtain the relative degree of the ARMA model, from which the order of the MA part can be determined. Statistical analysis is included for determining the correct MA order with high probability, when estimates of third-order cumulants are only available. Simulations are used to verify the performance of the methods and compare autocorrelation with cumulant-based order determination approaches.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
UTILE-Gen: Automated Image Analysis in Nanoscience Using Synthetic Dataset Generator and Deep Learning (2023)

This work presents the development and implementation of a deep learning-based workflow for autonomous image analysis in nanoscience. A versatile, agnostic, and configurable tool was developed to generate instance-segmented imaging datasets of nanoparticles. The synthetic generator tool employs domain randomization to expand the image/mask pairs dataset for training supervised deep learning models. The approach eliminates tedious manual annotation and allows training of high-performance models for microscopy image analysis based on convolutional neural networks. We demonstrate how the expanded training set can significantly improve the performance of the classification and instance segmentation models for a variety of nanoparticle shapes, ranging from spherical-, cubic-, rod-shaped to amorphous nanoparticles. Finally, the trained models were deployed in a cloud-based analytics platform for the autonomous particle analysis of microscopy images.
Towards Eyeglass-style Holographic Near-eye Displays with Statically (2020)

Holography is perhaps the only method demonstrated so far that can achieve a wide field of view (FOV) and a compact eyeglass-style form factor for augmented reality (AR) near-eye displays (NEDs). Unfortunately, the eyebox of such NEDs is impractically small (~ <; 1mm). In this paper, we introduce and demonstrate a design for holographic NEDs with a practical, wide eyebox of ~ 10mm and without any moving parts, based on holographic lenslets. In our design, a holographic optical element (HOE) based on a lenslet array was fabricated as the image combiner with expanded eyebox. A phase spatial light modulator (SLM) alters the phase of the incident laser light projected onto the HOE combiner such that the virtual image can be perceived at different focus distances, which can reduce the vergence-accommodation conflict (VAC). We have successfully implemented a bench-top prototype following the proposed design. The experimental results show effective eyebox expansion to a size of ~ 10mm. With further work, we hope that these design concepts can be incorporated into eyeglass-size NEDs.
A Decentralized, Smart Market Solution to a Class of Back-Haul Transportation Problems: Concept and Experimental Test Beds (2002)

Back-haul problems occur in many areas of transportation. One-way rental often takes equipment, such as cases and containers, from an area of high demand to an area of low demand. The problem is to return the equipment to the location of need, a problem typically viewed as an administrative and scheduling problem. We developed a decentralized approach in which a specially designed market organizes competition and information to minimize the cost of back-hauls without the direct intervention of administrative negotiations or command-and-control types of scheduling. We employed laboratory experimental methods to test the concept, examine its performance against theoretical benchmarks, and explore its limitations.
Sex differences in the functional topography of association networks in youth (2022)

Prior work has shown that there is substantial interindividual variation in the spatial distribution of functional networks across the cerebral cortex, or functional topography. However, it remains unknown whether there are sex differences in the topography of individualized networks in youth. Here, we leveraged an advanced machine learning method (sparsity-regularized non-negative matrix factorization) to define individualized functional networks in 693 youth (ages 8 to 23 y) who underwent functional MRI as part of the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort. Multivariate pattern analysis using support vector machines classified participant sex based on functional topography with 82.9% accuracy (<i>P</i> < 0.0001). Brain regions most effective in classifying participant sex belonged to association networks, including the ventral attention, default mode, and frontoparietal networks. Mass univariate analyses using generalized additive models with penalized splines provided convergent results. Furthermore, transcriptomic data from the Allen Human Brain Atlas revealed that sex differences in multivariate patterns of functional topography were spatially correlated with the expression of genes on the X chromosome. These results highlight the role of sex as a biological variable in shaping functional topography.
Estimation of Sparse Dynamical Model of Neural Functional Connectivity Using Group Lasso and Laguerre Basis Functions (2013)

This paper describes a novel method for estimating the sparse dynamical model of neural functional connectivity. This method combines the group Lasso and Laguerre expansion techniques to achieve model sparsity. It has been applied to the identification of neural functional connectivity of hippocampal CA3-CA1. Results show that the sparse model out-performs the full model estimated with the standard maximum likelihood method in terms of out-of-sample prediction accuracy. I. INTRODUCTION Modeling the functional connectivity of brain regions using spiking data is an important problem in neuroscience and neural engineering. This type of model is typically under-determined due to the large number of coefficients associated with the multiple inputs and the input-output dynamics. In order to yield reliable estimation and avoid overfitting, we have developed and applied a novel estimation method combining group Lasso and Laguerre expansion techniques.
The melanocortin 1, 3, 4 or 5 receptors do not have a binding epitope for ACTH beyond the sequence of alpha-MSH (1997)

ACTH(1-39), and several shorter N- and/or C-terminally truncated fragments of ACTH, with and without N-terminal acetylation and/or C-terminal amidation, were tested for binding on a single eukaryotic cell line transiently and independently expressing the melanocortin MC1, MC3, MC4 and MC5 receptors. The results show that none of these MC receptors has specific binding epitopes for the ACTH peptides beyond the amino acid sequence of alpha-MSH, when tested for their ability to compete with 125I-labelled [Nle4,D-Phe7]alpha-MSH and ACTH. The MC3 receptor favours the natural desacetylated N-terminal end of the ACTH peptides, and it has generally more than 10-fold higher affinity for the ACTH peptides than the MC4 receptor. Considering earlier anatomical localisation data, together with the present data, we suggest that the MC3 receptor is the most likely candidate of the MC receptors to mediate the short-loop negative feedback release of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) caused by ACTH/MSH peptides.
The Importance of Recombinant Allergens for Diagnosis and Therapy of IgE–Mediated Allergies (1999)

In the past 10 years, a considerable number of cDNAs coding for allergens have been isolated and expressed. Intensive investigations showed that recombinant allergens and their respective natural counterparts possess comparable properties with respect to structure, function and interaction with the immune system. Recent studies documented that in vitro as well as in vivo diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergic diseases can be successfully improved by the application of recombinant allergens. In addition, new strategies for a safer specific immunotherapy (SIT) have been developed based on the knowledge of the primary structures of allergens. Naturally occurring isoforms of allergens as well as recombinant allergens with modified amino acid sequences show very low IgE binding capacity but strong T cell-stimulatory activity and represent possible candidates. In case of Bet v 1, the major birch pollen allergen, isoforms d, g and l and a Bet v 1a mutant, produced by site-directed mutagenesis resulting in 6 amino acid exchanges, fulfilled the above mentioned criteria. In a third approach, two adjacent peptides covering the entire Bet v 1a sequence were produced in an Escherichia coli expression system. These peptides contained most of the relevant T cell epitopes, but lost their IgE binding capacity and, thus, their ability to activate mast cells and basophils of sensitized patients. Our results suggest that allergen variants (isoforms, mutants, T cell epitope-containing peptides) may be used as 'hypoallergenic agents' in SIT.
Resveratrol Exerts Antiproliferative Activity and Induces Apoptosis in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (2008)

Our data show that resveratrol has significant antitumor activity in WM, providing the framework for clinical trials in this disease.
Biosynthesis of napyradiomycins. (1987)

Biosynthetic studies on napyradiomycins were carried out based on the incorporation of [2-13C]acetate and [1,2-13C]acetate. The alignment of acetate units suggested that the B and C rings of napyradiomycins are derived from a pentaketide, while ring A and the side chain may be synthesized from mevalonate.
Polymer-bound substrates: a method to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymer-bound substrates: a method to distinguish between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysisJ. P. Collman, K. M. Kosydar, M. Bressan, W. Lamanna, and T. GarrettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 9, 2569–2579Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00321a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00321a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1028Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fracture of polycrystalline graphene membranes by in situ nanoindentation in a scanning electron microscope (2015)

Failure of polycrystalline graphene grown by chemical vapor deposition was investigated by nanoindentation in a scanning electron microscope. Circular graphene membranes were subject to central point loads using a nanomanipulator combined with an atomic force microscope cantilever as a force sensor. The grain boundaries of the polycrystalline graphene were visualized by Raman spectroscopy coupled with a carbon isotope labeling technique. Graphene membranes without any grain boundary had a failure strength of 45.4 ± 10.4 GPa, compared to 16.4 ± 5.1 GPa for those with grain boundaries when a Young's modulus was assumed to be 1 TPa. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp;Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Polytope Sector-Based Synthesis and Analysis of Microarchitectured Materials With Tunable Thermal Conductivity and Expansion (2015)

The aim of this paper is to (1) introduce an approach, called Polytope Sector-based Synthesis, for synthesizing 2D or 3D microstructural architectures that exhibit a desired bulk-property directionality (e.g., isotropic, cubic, orthotropic, etc.), and (2) provide general analytical methods that can be used to rapidly optimize the geometric parameters of these architectures such that they achieve a desired combination of bulk thermal conductivity and thermal expansion properties. Although the methods introduced can be applied to general beam-based microstructural architectures, we demonstrate their utility in the context of an architecture that can be tuned to achieve a large range of extreme thermal expansion coefficients — positive, zero, and negative. The material-property-combination region that can be achieved by this architecture is determined within an Ashby-material-property plot of thermal expansion vs. thermal conductivity using the analytical methods introduced. Both 2D and 3D versions of the design have been fabricated using projection microstereolithography.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
Translating electromagnetic torque into controlled motion for use in medical implants (2010)

A new propulsion method for sub-millimeter implants is presented that achieves high power to thrust conversion efficiency with a simple implementation. Previous research has shown that electromagnetic forces are a promising micro-scale propulsion mechanism; however the actual implementation is challenging due to the inherent symmetry of these forces. The presented technique translates torque into controlled motion via asymmetries in resistance forces, such as fluid drag. For a 1-mm sized object using this technique, the initial analysis predicts that speeds of 1 cm/sec can be achieved with approximately 100 µW of power, which is about 10 times more efficient than existing methods. In addition to better performance, this method is easily controllable and has favorable scalability.
Homopolymerization of propylene oxide and copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide with metal salts of acetic acid (1979)

Abstract The homopolymerization of propylene oxide was first conducted at 80°C in the absence of any solvent by using various metal salts of acetic acid and it was found that Mg(OAc) 2 , Cr(OAc) 3 , Mn(OAc) 2 , Co(OAc) 2 , Ni(OAc) 2 , Zn(OAc) 2 , and Sn(OAc) 2 were effective for the polymerization. The copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide was next examined by using these effective metal salts of acetic acid as catalysts. Most of these were effective also for the copolymerization. The nature of the polymer obtained was strongly dependent on the catalyst used. Co(OAc) 2 and Zn(OAc) 2 gave an alternate copolymer of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide, Mg(OAc) 2 , Cr(OAc) 3 , and Ni(OAc) 2 gave a random copolymer, while Sn(OAc) 2 gave a homopolymer of propylene oxide. Then the copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide was kinetically investigated in some detail by using Co(OAc) 2 as a catalyst. On the basis of the results obtained, a plausible mechanism was proposed for both the homopolymerization of propylene oxide and copolymerization of propylene oxide and carbon dioxide.
Visual to Sound: Generating Natural Sound for Videos in the Wild (2018)

As two of the five traditional human senses (sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch), vision and sound are basic sources through which humans understand the world. Often correlated during natural events, these two modalities combine to jointly affect human perception. In this paper, we pose the task of generating sound given visual input. Such capabilities could help enable applications in virtual reality (generating sound for virtual scenes automatically) or provide additional accessibility to images or videos for people with visual impairments. As a first step in this direction, we apply learning-based methods to generate raw waveform samples given input video frames. We evaluate our models on a dataset of videos containing a variety of sounds (such as ambient sounds and sounds from people/animals). Our experiments show that the generated sounds are fairly realistic and have good temporal synchronization with the visual inputs.
Changing epidemiology, global trends and implications for outcomes of NAFLD (2023)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has rapidly become the most common liver disease globally and is currently estimated to affect 38% of the global population. Only a minority of patients with NAFLD will progress to cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma, but from this vast population the total number of patients who are at risk of such severe outcomes is increasing. Worryingly, individuals are increasingly being affected by NAFLD at an earlier age, meaning there is more time for them to develop severe complications. With considerable changes in dietary composition and urbanisation, alongside the growth in obesity and type 2 diabetes in the global population, in particular in developing countries, the global proportion of persons affected by NAFLD is projected to increase further. Yet, there are large geographical discrepancies in the prevalence rates of NAFLD and its inflammatory component non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Such differences are partly related to differing socio-economic milieus, but also to genetic predisposition. In this narrative review, we discuss recent changes in the epidemiology of NAFLD and NASH from regional and global perspectives, as well as in special populations. We also discuss the potential consequences of these changes on hepatic and extrahepatic events.
Synthesis of (Z)- and (E)-3,4-Dimethyl-hex-3-ene-1,6-diols (1989)

Abstract (Z)- and (E)-3,4-dimethyl-hex-3-ene-1,6-diols (1 and 2) have been synthesized in 23% and 68% yields by a three step sequence requiring only one purification at the end. The steps are a) coupling of 2-lithio-1,3-dithiane with (Z)- or (E)-1,4-dibromo-2,3-dimethyl-but-2-ene (3 or 4), b) hydrolysis of the thioketals (8 and 9) with methyl iodide in a mixture of acetonitrile, acetone and water to give the 3,4-dimethyl-hex-3-ene-1,6-diols (10 and 11) and c) reduction with diisobutylaluminum hydride to provide the (Z)- and (E)-diols.
Oxidation of Benzo[a]pyrene by Recombinant Human Cytochrome P450 Enzymes (1995)

The oxidation of benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) was examined using reconstituted systems prepared with recombinant human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes 1A1, 1A2, 2C8, 2C10, 2E1, and 3A4 and with microsomes prepared from Saccharomyces cerevisiae expressing recombinant human P450s 2C8, 2C9, and 2C18. Products measured by HPLC included the 3- and 9-phenols, the 4,5-, 7,8-, and 9,10-dihydrodiols (detected in the presence of epoxide hydrolase), and products in the polar fraction eluting immediately after the void volume. The most active enzyme in all reactions was P450 1A1. P450 3A4 and P450 1A2 formed appreciable amounts of several of the products, including the 3-phenol. P450 2C enzymes and P450 2E1 formed relatively low amounts of all B[a]P products. Consideration of these patterns along with knowledge of levels of expression of the P450s in human tissues and previous results with microsomes leads to the conclusion that P450 1A1 should dominate the oxidation of B[a]P in tissues where it is present and inducible. In human liver the level of P450 1A1 is low and P450 3A4, P450 2C subfamily enzymes, and P450 1A2 probably all contribute. Of the human P450s considered here, P450 1A2 was the most active hepatic enzyme forming the 7,8-dihydrodiol. 7,8-Benzoflavone stimulated the oxidation of B[a]P by P450 3A4 and inhibited the oxidations catalyzed by P450 1A2. The extent of inhibition of P450 1A1 was less (than with P450 1A2), probably due to the rapid oxidation of 7,8-benzoflavone by P450 1A1. The major 7,8-benzoflavone product appears to be the 5,6-oxide.
Lab-on-a-Chip Immunoassay Systems (2017)

This chapter explores the immense potential for sensitive detection and the scope for multiplexed analysis. It discusses the status of ‘lab-on-a-chip’ immunoassay platforms, focusing on substrate selection, microfluidic design and antibody immobilisation. ‘Lab-on-a-chip’ immunoassay configurations can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. ‘Lab-on-a-chip’ immunoassays have also been developed for other bacterial pathogens. Immunoassays have become the gold-standard technique for detecting a panel of biologically and medically important antigens. Furthermore, trends have seen the integration of biomedical engineering and immunoassay development for the production of miniaturised, microfluidic platforms capable of detecting relevant analytes in a rapid, sensitive and reliable manner. ‘Lab-on-a-chip’ immunoassay configurations can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. Homogeneous immunoassays involve interactions between antibodies and antigens in solution, and for microfluidics-based immunoassays bound and unbound antibodies are typically discriminated by their electrophoretic mobility properties in microchannels. When developing immunoassays for detecting bacterial pathogens, it is common for preliminary, proof-of-concept measurements to detect strains of interest propagated in the.
Plasma COOH-Terminal Proendothelin-1 (2012)

CT-proET-1 has additional value for the prediction of fatal cardiovascular events and new-onset albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes, compared with conventional risk factors, but not for all-cause mortality.