gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen peroxide sensors for cellular imaging based on horse radish peroxidase reconstituted on polymer-functionalized TiO2 nanorods (2011)

We describe the reconstitution of apo-horse radish peroxidase (apo-HRP) onto TiO(2) nanorods functionalized with a multifunctional polymer. After functionalization, the horse radish peroxidase (HRP) functionalized TiO(2) nanorods were well dispersible in aqueous solution, catalytically active and biocompatible, and they could be used to quantify and image H(2)O(2) which is a harmful secondary product of cellular metabolism. The shape, size and structure of TiO(2) nanorods (anatase) were analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution TEM (HRTEM), electron diffraction (ED) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The surface functionalization, HRP reconstitution and catalytic activity were confirmed by UV-Vis, FT-IR, CLSM and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Biocompatibility and cellular internalization of active HRP reconstituted TiO(2) nanorods were confirmed by a classical MTT cytotoxicity assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging, respectively. The intracellular localization allowed H(2)O(2) detection, imaging and quantification in HeLa cells. The polymer functionalized hybrid system creates a complete sensor including a "cell positioning system" in each single particle. The flexible synthetic concept with functionalization by post-polymerization modification allows introduction of various dyes for sensitisation at different wavelengths and introduction of various anchor groups for anchoring on different particles.
Blind Channel Magnitude Response Estimation in Speech Using Spectrum Classification (2013)

We present an algorithm for blind estimation of the magnitude response of an acoustic channel from single microphone observations of a speech signal. The algorithm employs channel robust RASTA filtered Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients as features to train a Gaussian mixture model based classifier and average clean speech spectra are associated with each mixture; these are then used to blindly estimate the acoustic channel magnitude response from speech that has undergone spectral modification due to the channel. Experimental results using a variety of simulated and measured acoustic channels and additive babble noise, car noise and white Gaussian noise are presented. The results demonstrate that the proposed method is able to estimate a variety of channel magnitude responses to within an Itakura distance of dI ≤0.5 for SNR ≥10 dB.
Dynamic Transformer for Few-shot Instance Segmentation (2022)

Few-shot instance segmentation aims to train an instance segmentation model that can fast adapt to novel classes with only a few reference images. Existing methods are usually derived from standard detection models and tackle few-shot instance segmentation indirectly by conducting classification, box regression, and mask prediction on a large set of redundant proposals followed by indispensable post-processing, e.g., Non-Maximum Suppression. Such complicated hand-crafted procedures and hyperparameters lead to degraded optimization and insufficient generalization ability. In this work, we propose an end-to-end Dynamic Transformer Network, DTN for short, to directly segment all target object instances from arbitrary categories given by reference images, relieving the requirements of dense proposal generation and post-processing. Specifically, a small set of Dynamic Queries, conditioned on reference images, are exclusively assigned to target object instances and generate all the instance segmentation masks of reference categories simultaneously. Moreover, a Semantic-induced Transformer Decoder is introduced to constrain the cross-attention between dynamic queries and target images within the pixels of the reference category, which suppresses the noisy interaction with the background and irrelevant categories. Extensive experiments are conducted on the COCO-20 dataset. The experiment results demonstrate that our proposed Dynamic Transformer Network significantly outperforms the state-of-the-arts.
Conversion Technology and Cancer Predispositions (2003)

The field of diagnostics has gathered the first crop of the genetic insurgency in the identification of the genetic basis of common and uncommon hereditary diseases. Discoveries of genes that predispose to cancer have led to the development of genetic tests. In turn, genetic tests can provide information valuable for the management of individuals who belong to families with history of hereditary disease and lead to important changes in clinical practice of cancer predispositions. The promise of cancer gene testing is to decrease morbidity and mortality through screening and hopefully prevention. Besides the promise, however, there are problems associated with genetic testing. Genetic testing is associated with psychologic problems and ethical concerns, which are not going to be discussed here. What is often overlooked are the technical problems associated with genetic testing, which lead to tests with sensitivities lower than what is required in the clinical environment. Genetic testing here refers strictly to testing of germline mutations in familial predisposition to cancer. This chapter focuses on the utilization of haploid templates for increasing the sensitivity of genetic testing.
Syntaphilin Regulates Neutrophil Migration in Cancer (2022)

Pathologically activated neutrophils (PMN) with immunosuppressive activity, which are termed myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC), play a critical role in regulating tumor progression. These cells have been implicated in promoting tumor metastases by contributing to premetastatic niche formation. This effect was facilitated by enhanced spontaneous migration of PMN from bone marrow to the premetastatic niches during the early-stage of cancer development. The molecular mechanisms underpinning this phenomenon remained unclear. In this study, we found that syntaphilin (SNPH), a cytoskeletal protein previously known for anchoring mitochondria to the microtubule in neurons and tumor cells, could regulate migration of PMN. Expression of SNPH was decreased in PMN from tumor-bearing mice and patients with cancer as compared with PMN from tumor-free mice and healthy donors, respectively. In Snph-knockout (SNPH-KO) mice, spontaneous migration of PMN was increased and the mice showed increased metastasis. Mechanistically, in SNPH-KO mice, the speed and distance travelled by mitochondria in PMN was increased, rates of oxidative phosphorylation and glycolysis were elevated, and generation of adenosine was increased. Thus, our study reveals a molecular mechanism regulating increased migratory activity of PMN during cancer progression and suggests a novel therapeutic targeting opportunity.
Learning Linear Representations of Nonlinear Dynamics Using Deep Learning (2022)

We propose a novel deep learning framework to discover a transformation of a nonlinear dynamical system to an equivalent higher dimensional linear representation. We demonstrate that the resulting learned linear representation accurately captures the dynamics of the original system for a wider range of conditions than standard linearization. As a result of this, we show that the learned linear model can subsequently be used for the successful control of the original system. We demonstrate this by applying the proposed framework to two examples; one from the literature and another more complex example in the form of a Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR).
From Grey Eminence to Red Leader (1997)

Abstract This chapter examines the increase in Jiang Qing's public exposure during the 1960s. Mao Zedong encouraged Jiang to investigate revisionism in the cultural arena and head of state Liu Shaoqi did the same to his wife Wang Guangmei. Using their wives as trouble-shooters was a high-risk strategy for both men because initiatives by high-ranking spouses with no independent legitimacy arouse hostility and resentment in most political cultures. This chapter discusses the accomplishments of Jiang and Wang.
Binaural equalization for loudspeaker systems (1999)

On-axis equalization methods for loudspeaker systems can be found everywhere. In these schemes, the axial impulse responses are taken as the objects to be equalized. However, the generated equalizers will display unsatisfactory off-axis distortions and different equalization effects at left and right ears. In this paper, a new criterion, which combines the considerations of the distortions at left and right ears and the binaural difference, is presented. A binaural equalization method applying this criterion is introduced and the comparison with normal on-axis equalization methods is also given.
Adrenocorticotropin-independent Macronodular Adrenal Hyperplasia: An Uncommon Cause of Primary Adrenal Hypercortisolism (2000)

AIMAH is a rare cause of ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome, with characteristic CT findings of massively enlarged multinodular adrenal glands. Bilateral adrenalectomy is indicated on the basis of clinical and CT findings.
Calculation of Defect States in Amorphous Selenium (1979)

Self-consistent pseudopotential and tight-binding techniques are used to study glassy Se. Both onefold and threefold corrdinated defects give rise to nondegenerate, nonhydrogenic gap states. The former state arises from an interaction, unique to the chalcogenides, between a dangling bond and a neighboring lone pair. The latter state is surprisingly delocalized, involving interactions between many orbitals. It is shown that defect electronic configurations, and repulsive interatomic terms, are crucial to the calculation of total energies.
Carrier-Phase Estimation for 16-QAM Optical Coherent Systems Using QPSK Partitioning With Barycenter Approximation (2014)

This paper presents a hardware-efficient carrier phase estimator with high-linewidth tolerance for 16-QAM optical coherent systems. The laser phase noise is estimated using quaternary phase-shift keying (QPSK) partitioning complemented with a low complexity angle-based barycenter approximation as opposed to the classical Viterbi and Viterbi algorithm. The various stages necessary for partitioning and removing the modulation on the received symbols for carrier phase recovery are presented. We show that the phase offset in the middle ring for a 16-QAM constellation can be removed through a simple comparison with the symbols lying on the inner and outer rings of the constellation thus enabling all the symbols to be efficiently utilized for carrier phase recovery. We assess the performance of different filter structures for 16-QAM with filter half width 8 and 16. Simulation results demonstrate that combined linewidth symbol duration product Δν · T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</sub> of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> is tolerable at the target BER of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-2</sup> and 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> when using the barycenter algorithm. Finally, carrier phase recovery in a 16-QAM experiment is investigated to validate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Early Idiopathic Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Patients With Neuropsychological Impairment Are Associated With Increased Fractional Anisotropy in the Anterior Thalamic Nucleus (2016)

In this study, we aimed to investigate the reactive changes in diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)-derived diffusion metrics of the anterior thalamic nucleus (AN), a relaying center for the Papez circuit, in early idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) patients with memory impairment, as well as its correlation with the patients' neuropsychological performances. In total, 28 probable iNPH patients with symptom onset within 1 year and 17 control subjects were prospectively recruited between 2010 and 2013 for this institutional review board-approved study. Imaging studies including DTI and a neuropsychological assessment battery were performed in all subjects. Diffusion metrics were measured from the region of the AN using tract-deterministic seeding method by reconstructing the mammillo-thalamo-cingulate connections within the Papez circuit. Differences in diffusion metrics and memory assessment scores between the patient and control group were examined via the Mann-Whitney U test. Spearman correlation analyses were performed to examine associations between diffusion metrics of AN and neuropsychological tests within the patient group. We discovered that early iNPH patients exhibited marked elevations in fractional anisotropy, pure diffusion anisotropy, and axial diffusivity (all P < 0.01), as well as lower neuropsychological test scores including verbal and nonverbal memory (all P < 0.05) compared with normal control. Spearman rank correlation analyses did not disclose significant correlations between AN diffusion metrics and neuropsychological test scores in the patient group, whereas ranked scatter plots clearly demonstrated a dichotic sample distribution between patient and control samples. In summary, our study highlighted the potential compensatory role of the AN by increasing thalamocortical connectivity within the Papez circuit because memory function declines in early iNPH when early shunt treatment may potentially reverse the memory deficits.
Are the electrospray mass spectra of proteins related to their aqueous solution chemistry? (1992)

Institute for Environmental Chemistry, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada The shape of the profile described by the relative abundances of multiply charged ions of proteins in the electrospray mass spectrum can be described by means of one or more Gaussian functions. An aqueous solution equilibrium model of the distribution of multiply charged ions of equine cytochrome c and myoglobin has been shown to match qualitatively the shape of the distribution of these ions in an electrospray mass spectrum. Monotonic functions such as the quadrupole mass spectrometric transmission efficiency may alter the centroid of the profile, but the shape of the ion abundance pattern appears to be controlled by the aqueous solution chemistry of the proteins. NRCC No. 32938.
A Natural Rubber Waste Derived Surfactant for High Internal Phase Emulsion Templating of Poly(dicyclopentadiene) (2021)

The use of a surfactant derived from the degradation of natural rubber gloves via cross-metathesis with methyl acrylate and subsequent saponification of the ester group for the stabilization of water in dicyclopentadiene high internal phase emulsions is described. The versatility of the resulting high internal phase emulsion was demonstrated by polymerizing the continuous dicyclopentadiene phase via Ring-opening Metathesis Polymerization yielding macroporous poly(dicyclopentadiene) foams with a porosity of 82 %. The use of the ionic surfactant allows for the preparation of foams, which are resistant to absorb water. This property was hitherto not accessible with protocols involving the use of non-ionic surfactants commonly employed in emulsion templating of polymers.&lt;br&gt;
Protein Expression Signatures for Inhibition of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-mediated Signaling (2011)

Analysis of cellular signaling networks typically involves targeted measurements of phosphorylated protein intermediates. However, phosphoproteomic analyses usually require affinity enrichment of phosphopeptides and can be complicated by artifactual changes in phosphorylation caused by uncontrolled preanalytical variables, particularly in the analysis of tissue specimens. We asked whether changes in protein expression, which are more stable and easily analyzed, could reflect network stimulation and inhibition. We employed this approach to analyze stimulation and inhibition of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) by EGF and selective EGFR inhibitors. Shotgun analysis of proteomes from proliferating A431 cells, EGF-stimulated cells, and cells co-treated with the EGFR inhibitors cetuximab or gefitinib identified groups of differentially expressed proteins. Comparisons of these protein groups identified 13 proteins whose EGF-induced expression changes were reversed by both EGFR inhibitors. Targeted multiple reaction monitoring analysis verified differential expression of 12 of these proteins, which comprise a candidate EGFR inhibition signature. We then tested these 12 proteins by multiple reaction monitoring analysis in three other models: 1) a comparison of DiFi (EGFR inhibitor-sensitive) and HCT116 (EGFR-insensitive) cell lines, 2) in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mouse xenograft DiFi and HCT116 tumors, and 3) in tissue biopsies from a patient with the gastric hyperproliferative disorder Ménétrier's disease who was treated with cetuximab. Of the proteins in the candidate signature, a core group, including c-Jun, Jagged-1, and Claudin 4, were decreased by EGFR inhibitors in all three models. Although the goal of these studies was not to validate a clinically useful EGFR inhibition signature, the results confirm the hypothesis that clinically used EGFR inhibitors generate characteristic protein expression changes. This work further outlines a prototypical approach to derive and test protein expression signatures for drug action on signaling networks.
Negative capacitance for control of gap-closing electrostatic actuators (2004)

Negative capacitance extends the stable range of a gap-closing actuator beyond the voltage-controlled and the charge-controlled limits. One parallel-plate actuator design stably deflects more than 80% of the gap despite the presence of destabilizing parallel capacitance. A second design, in agreement with a two-degree-of-freedom model, is stabilized while tipping and achieves a maximum deflection of 1.4 /spl mu/m or 91% of the gap using less than 3 V.
Corrosion Analysis (2018)

The book gives an overview about all relevant electrochemical and spectroscopic methods used in corrosion research. Besides the correct use and interpretation, the methods are correlated with industrial test methods for organic coatings and conversion layers.
Gaussian Model-Based Multichannel Speech Presence Probability (2009)

The knowledge of the target speech presence probability in a mixture of signals captured by a speech communication system is of paramount importance in several applications including reliable noise reduction algorithms. In this correspondence, we establish a new expression for speech presence probability when an array of microphones with an arbitrary geometry is used. Our study is based on the assumption of the Gaussian statistical model for all signals and involves the noise and noisy data statistics only. In comparison with the single-channel case, the new proposed multichannel approach can significantly increase the detection accuracy. In particular, when the additive noise is spatially coherent, perfect speech presence detection is theoretically possible, while when the noise is spatially white, a coherent summation of speech components is performed to allow for enhanced speech presence probability estimation.
Natural Killer Cell Signaling Pathways (2004)

Natural killer (NK) cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system that are involved in the early defenses against foreign cells, as well as autologous cells undergoing various forms of stress, such as microbial infection or tumor transformation. NK cell activation is controlled by a dynamic balance between complementary and antagonistic pathways that are initiated upon interaction with potential target cells. NK cells express an array of activating cell surface receptors that can trigger cytolytic programs, as well as cytokine or chemokine secretion. Some of these activating cell surface receptors initiate protein tyrosine kinase (PTK)-dependent pathways through noncovalent associations with transmembrane signaling adaptors that harbor intracytoplasmic ITAMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activation motifs). Additional cell surface receptors that are not directly coupled to ITAMs also participate in NK cell activation. These include NKG2D, which is noncovalently associated to the DAP10 transmembrane signaling adaptor, as well as integrins and cytokine receptors. NK cells also express cell surface inhibitory receptors that antagonize activating pathways through protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). These inhibitory cell surface receptors are characterized by intracytoplasmic ITIMs (immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motifs). The tyrosine-phosphorylation status of several signaling components that are substrates for both PTKs and PTPs is thus key to the propagation of the NK cell effector pathways. Understanding the integration of these multiple signals is central to the understanding and manipulation of NK cell effector signaling pathways.
Identifying MRI Markers Associated with Early Response following Laser Ablation for Neurological Disorders: Preliminary Findings (2014)

There is a renewed interest in MR-guided laser interstitial thermal therapy (LITT) as a minimally invasive alternative to craniotomy for local treatment of various brain tumors and epilepsy. LITT allows for focused delivery of laser energy monitored in real time by MRI, for precise ablation of the lesion. Although highly promising, the long-term effects of laser ablation as a viable treatment option for neurological disorders have yet to be rigorously studied and quantified. In this work, we present a quantitative framework for monitoring per-voxel thermal-induced changes post-LITT over time on multi parametric MRI. We demonstrate that voxel-by-voxel quantification of MRI markers over time can enable a careful and accurate (a) characterization of early LITT-related changes (if and when they are exaggerated and when they subside), and (b) identification and monitoring of MRI markers that potentially allow for better quantification of response to LITT therapy. The framework was evaluated on two distinct cohorts of patients (GBM, epilepsy), who were monitored post-LITT at regular time-intervals via multi-parametric MRI. On a cohort of six GBM studies we found that (a) it may be important for the initial treatment-related changes to subside to more reliably capture MRI markers relating to tumor recurrence, and (b) T1w MRI and T2-GRE may better differentiate changes that may correspond to tumor recurrence from patients with no recurrence, as compared to T2w-MRI, and FLAIR. Similarly, our preliminary analysis of four epilepsy studies suggests that (a) early LITT changes (attributed to swelling, edema) appear to subside within 4-weeks post-LITT, and (b) ADC may be more reflective of early treatment changes (up to 1 month), while T1w may be more reflective of early delayed treatment changes (1 month, 3 months), while T2-w and T2-FLAIR appeared to be more sensitive to late treatment related changes (6-months post-LITT) compared to the other MRI protocols under evaluation.
A Convection/RadiationTemperature Control System for High Power Density Electronic DeviceTesting (2008)

Abstract Active control of die-level temperature is required during production testing of high power microprocessors in order to ensure accurate performance classification, but control is becoming more difficult as the device power densities increase. With power densities approaching 100 W/cm2, the current passive control systems are no longer able to maintain the required temperature tolerance for production testing. This paper describes the design and testing of a temperature control system that combines high performance impingement cooling with higher power laser heating with application to packaged integrated circuit devices under dynamic testing conditions. Also presented are system design concepts and experimental results for typical microprocessor thermal test vehicles.