gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A low-noise wide-dynamic-range event-driven detector using SOI pixel technology for high-energy particle imaging (2015)

This paper presents a low-noise wide-dynamic-range pixel design for a high-energy particle detector in astronomical applications. A silicon on insulator (SOI) based detector is used for the detection of wide energy range of high energy particles (mainly for X-ray). The sensor has a thin layer of SOI CMOS readout circuitry and a thick layer of high-resistivity detector vertically stacked in a single chip. Pixel circuits are divided into two parts; signal sensing circuit and event detection circuit. The event detection circuit consisting of a comparator and logic circuits which detect the incidence of high energy particle categorizes the incident photon it into two energy groups using an appropriate energy threshold and generate a two-bit code for an event and energy level. The code for energy level is then used for selection of the gain of the in-pixel amplifier for the detected signal, providing a function of high-dynamic-range signal measurement. The two-bit code for the event and energy level is scanned in the event scanning block and the signals from the hit pixels only are read out. The variable-gain in-pixel amplifier uses a continuous integrator and integration-time control for the variable gain. The proposed design allows the small signal detection and wide dynamic range due to the adaptive gain technique and capability of correlated double sampling (CDS) technique of kTC noise canceling of the charge detector.
BOOM: Data-Centric Programming in the Datacenter (2009)

Cloud computing makes clusters a commodity, creating the potential for a wide range of programmers to develop new scalable services. However, current cloud platforms do little to simplify truly distributed systems development. In this paper, we explore the use of a declarative, data-centric programming model to achieve this simplicity. We describe our experience using Overlog and Java to implement a "Big Data" analytics stack that is API-compatible with Hadoop and HDFS, with equivalent performance. We extended the system with complex features not yet available in Hadoop, including availability, scalability, and unique monitoring and debugging facilities. We present our experience to validate the enhanced programmer productivity afforded by declarative programming, and to inform the design of new development environments for distributed programming.
Gene expression and plasticity in the rat auditory cortex after bilateral cochlear ablation (2007)

In the cochlear ablation groups, the expression of immediate early genes (Egr1, 2, 3, 4, c-fos, etc.) and neural plasticity-related genes (Arc, Syngr1, Bdnf, etc.) was decreased at 2 weeks and increased at 4 weeks. The expression of neurotransmission-related genes (Gabra5, Chrnb3, Chrne, etc.) was decreased at 12 weeks.
Pharos: Social Map-Based Recommendation for Content-Centric Social Websites (2010)

Health professionals' clinical breast examination accuracy and skills are not optimal. We conducted a randomized trial to evaluate changes in physicians' and nurses' lump detection accuracy and examination skills after a training program emphasizing development of tactile skills and using silicone breast models containing lumps of varying sizes, degrees of hardness, and depth of placement. Sensitivity, specificity, and examination technique were measured before and four months after training in 43 experimental group and 46 control group participants. Mean sensitivity increased from 57% to 63% in the experimental group but decreased from 57% to 56% in the control group (P less than or equal to .05). The experimental group's posttest sensitivity was better for each lump characteristic, with statistically significant improvement for the very small (0.3 cm) and medium hard lumps. Duration of examination independently predicted sensitivity. Specificity decreased from 56% to 41% in the experimental group while it increased from 56% to 68% in the control group (P less than or equal to .05). Physicians had significantly higher mean sensitivity than nurses overall, as well as for the larger (1.0 cm), very small (0.3 cm), and softer lumps, but significantly lower mean specificity (33% versus 57%, P = .03). The experimental group improved significantly in five of six technique components while the control group improved in only one. To determine the effect of training on specificity in the clinical setting, we examined medical records of women seen by a subset of experimental and control physicians during the six months following training. There were no significant differences in the proportion of abnormal breast examinations reported or the number of mammograms ordered by experimental and control physicians. Our results show health professionals can be taught successfully to improve their clinical breast examination accuracy and skills.
High-energy saturable absorber mode-locked fiber laser system (2005)

We demonstrate a mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with a 1?µm InGaAs saturable absorber that produces 84-ps, 1-nJ transform-limited pulses. Measurements of the InGaAs multiple quantum well revealed a slow saturable absorber that is useful for passive mode locking. Optical fiber was added to extend the cavity and vary the repetition rate from 51 kHz to 5.4 MHz. The narrow spectral width of the laser output &lt;0.04 nm permits amplification to 0.2 µJ/pulse with minimal pulse broadening. Pulse energies as large as 1.7 µJ can be achieved with pulse widths of &lt;330 ps. Average powers of 0.5 W at megahertz repetition rates are demonstrated.
Selective indexing speeds production systems (2002)

Presents performance results for a production system environment, CLIPS++, that demonstrate the advantage of selectively building and applying simple index structures. We contrast this to the extensive body of work on matching, which, over the years, has evolved increasingly complex compositions of index structures which are then uniformly applied to all the data types and rules in a production system program. Over a set of benchmark programs, the fastest executions are always attained by carefully selecting a good mixture of indexes rather than universal use of a single index.
Randomized Controlled Trial of Dose Response to Influenza Vaccine in Children Aged 6 to 23 Months (2011)

Administration of 2 full TIV doses may improve immunogenicity without increasing reactogenicity in infants. Current TIV dosing recommendations for young children warrant additional evaluation.
SMART USAGE OF MULTIPLE RAT IN IOT-ORIENTED 5G NETWORKS: A REINFORCEMENT LEARNING APPROACH (2018)

Smart Cities and Smart Industries are the flagships of the future IoT due to their potential to revolutionize the way in which people live and produce in advanced societies. In these two scenarios, a robust and ubiquitous communication infrastructure is needed to accommodate the traffic generated by the 10 billion devices that are expected by the year 2020. Due to its future world-wide presence, 5G is called to be this enabling technology. However, 5G is not a perfect solution, thus providing IoT nodes with different Radio Access Technologies (RATs) would allow them to exploit the various benefits offered by each RAT (such as lower power consumption or reduced operational costs). By making use of the mathematical framework of Reinforcement Learning, we have formulated the problem of deciding which RAT should an IoT node employ when reporting events. These so-called transmission policies maximize a predefined reward closely related to classical throughput while keeping power consumption and operational costs below a certain limit. A set of simulations are performed for IoT nodes provided with two RATs: LoRa and 5G. The results obtained are compared to those achieved under other intuitive policies to further highlight the benefits of our proposal.
Membrane adaptation limitations inEnterococcus faecalisunderlie sensitivity and the inability to develop significant resistance to conjugated oligoelectrolytes (2018)

The growing problem of antibiotic resistant bacteria, along with a dearth of new antibiotics, has redirected attention to the search for alternative antimicrobial agents. Conjugated oligoelectrolytes (COEs) are an emerging class of antimicrobial agents which insert into bacterial cell membranes and are inhibitory against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In this study, the extent of COE resistance that <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> could achieve was studied. <i>Enterococci</i> are able to grow in hostile environments and develop resistance to membrane targeting antibiotics such as daptomycin in clinical settings. Herein we expand our knowledge of the antimicrobial mechanism of action of COEs by developing COE-resistant strains of <i>E. faecalis</i> OG1RF. Evolution studies yielded strains with a moderate 4-16 fold increase in antimicrobial resistance relative to the wild type. The resistant isolates accumulated agent-specific mutations associated with the <i>liaFSR</i> operon, which is a cell envelope-associated stress-response sensing and regulating system. The COE resistant isolates displayed significantly altered membrane fatty acid composition. Subsequent, exogenous supplementation with single fatty acids, which were chosen based on those dominating the fatty acid profiles of the mutants, increased resistance of the wild-type <i>E. faecalis</i> to COEs. In combination, genetic, fatty acid, and uptake studies support the hypothesis that COEs function through insertion into and disruption of membranes and that the mechanism by which this occurs is specific to the disrupting agent. These results were validated by a series of biophysical experiments showing the tendency of COEs to accumulate in and perturb adapted membrane extracts. Collectively, the data support that COEs are promising antimicrobial agents for targeting <i>E. faecalis</i>, and that there is a high barrier to the emergence of severely resistant strains constrained by biological limits of membrane remodeling that can occur in <i>E. faecalis</i>.
Suppl. Figure S8 from ROS Induction Targets Persister Cancer Cells with Low Metabolic Activity in NRAS-Mutated Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;S8: Lipidomics&lt;/p&gt;
Architecture and design of the MARS hardware accelerator (1987)

MARS (Microprogrammable Accelerator for Rapid Simulations) is a multiprocessor based hardware accelerator capable of efficiently implementing a wide range of computationally complex algorithms. Its architecture is ideally suited for performing event driven simulations of VLSI circuits. The highly pipelined and parallel architecture of MARS provides a performance comparable to existing hardware simulation engines while its highly flexible architecture supports a wide range of applications. Flexibility is achieved through custom designed microprogrammable and reconfigurable VLSI processors. Logic simulation performance of about one million events per second is easily achievable.
Automatic control of optical equalizers (2005)

Optical equalizers for an adaptive compensation of varying distortions in high-bitrate optical transmission systems are currently of high interest. We review strategies for an automatic control of optical equalizers.
In-plane magnetic field-induced spin polarization and transition to insulating behavior in two-dimensional hole systems (2000)

Using a novel technique, we make quantitative measurements of the spin polarization of dilute (3.4 to 6.8*10^{10} cm^{-2}) GaAs (311)A two-dimensional holes as a function of an in-plane magnetic field. As the field is increased the system gradually becomes spin polarized, with the degree of spin polarization depending on the orientation of the field relative to the crystal axes. Moreover, the behavior of the system turns from metallic to insulating \textit{before} it is fully spin polarized. The minority-spin population at the transition is ~8*10^{9} cm^{-2}, close to the density below which the system makes a transition to an insulating state in the absence of a magnetic field.
Recent Reviews. 49 (1998)

Reviews are listed in order of appearance in the sources indicated. In multidisciplinary review journals, only those reviews which fall within the scope of this Journal are included. Sources are listed alphabetically in three categories: regularly issued review journals and series volumes, contributed volumes, and other monographs. Titles are numbered serially, and these numbers are used for reference in the index. Major English-language sources of critical reviews are covered. Encyclopedic treatises, annual surveys such as Specialist Periodical Reports, and compilations of symposia proceedings are omitted. This installment of Recent Reviews covers principally the early part of the 1998 literature. Previous installment: J. Org. Chem. 1998, 63(7), 2410−8. These Recent Review articles are now also available in a database form on the ACS Organic Division WWW site http://www.chem.unt.edu/acs/.
Incoherent Nonparaxial Accelerating Beams (2014)

Accelerating beams completely rely on interference: coherent superposition of waves. In spite of that fundamental feature, we demonstrate, experimentally and theoretically, partially-spatially-incoherent nonparaxial accelerating beams.
Context-aware Execution Migration Tool for Data Science Jupyter Notebooks on Hybrid Clouds (2021)

Interactive computing notebooks, such as Jupyter notebooks, have become a popular tool for developing and improving data-driven models. Such notebooks tend to be executed either in the user’s own machine or in a cloud environment, having drawbacks and benefits in both approaches. This paper presents a solution developed as a Jupyter extension that automatically selects which cells, as well as in which scenarios, such cells should be migrated to a more suitable platform for execution. We describe how we reduce the execution state of the notebook to decrease migration time and we explore the knowledge of user interactivity patterns with the notebook to determine which blocks of cells should be migrated. Using notebooks from Earth science (remote sensing), image recognition, and hand written digit identification (machine learning), our experiments show notebook state reductions of up to 55× and migration decisions leading to performance gains of up to 3.25× when the user interactivity with the notebook is taken into consideration.
Etching of Semiconductor Devices (2019)

Abstract Plasma etching or reactive ion etching (RIE) has been the workhorse for patterning of semiconductor devices since the early 1980s when it replaced wet etching in manufacturing. Today, RIE is reaching levels of performance that were unimaginable back then. At the same time, etching technologies such as atomic layer etching (ALE), radical dry vapor etching, and ion beam etching are finding their way into manufacturing for certain applications. Herein, we present an overview of dry etching technologies used in semiconductor manufacturing. The emphasis is on the elementary surface processes and how they impact the performance on the wafer. We will start from less complex etching technologies, which use just one kind of etching species, such as neutrals, radicals, or ions. Then we combine these techniques into cycling processes, which leads to the discussion of ALE. The highest level of complexity is reached in RIE with simultaneous species fluxes. Reactor designs for the various etching technologies and process control will be covered. Finally, the outlook into the future of semiconductor device etching will be given.
Automatic methods for HetNet uplink power control optimization under fractional load (2013)

In this paper we study uplink open loop power control (OLPC) optimization for co-channel Heterogenous Network (HetNet) scenarios with macro and pico cells under fractional load conditions. Two methods for automatic OLPC optimization are proposed, motivated and compared against manual approach. It is found that the OLPC parameters at the pico-layer can be computed as a function of the OLPC parameters at the macro-layer, taking the load at the different cells into account. It is shown that using such a methods results in good overall system level performance. We contribute with in-depth analysis of dependencies between OLPC parameters, cells load, throughput performance and other metrics used to describe network operation on system level.
Epimerization Studies of LSD Using 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy (1997)

A study was conducted to determine the conditions needed to achieve the equilibrium concentration for the epimerization of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) to iso-LSD. The reaction was followed by integration of the C-9 resonance of LSD and iso-LSD by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The C-9 resonance of LSD and iso-LSD appear as singlets at 6.35 and 6.27 ppm respectively. Starting with pure LSD, the conversion to iso-LSD is attained at temperatures above 37 degrees C and pH levels over 7.0. At a pH of 7.0 or higher, the LSD/iso-LSD ratio of 9:1 is achieved after one week at 45 degrees C or two weeks at 37 degrees C. Starting with iso-LSD, the conversion to LSD requires more vigorous conditions. The 9:1 LSD/iso-LSD ratio is attained only after 6 weeks at a temperature of 45 degrees C and a pH of 9.7. At lower pH levels, the reaction proceeds more slowly. The 9:1 LSD/iso-LSD ratio is achieved whether the starting material is LSD or iso-LSD and therefore represents an equilibrium concentration (K = 9). In addition, the more vigorous conditions needed to achieve equilibrium of iso-LSD to LSD demonstrate the difficulty in extraction of the epimerizable proton of iso-LSD. This study is the first to quantitate the epimerization of LSD by NMR techniques and establishes the conditions needed to induce epimerization in solution.
67.1: Ultra‐short Throw Pico‐projector Including Two Plastic Prisms and a Convex Aspheric Mirror (2012)

Abstract An ultra‐short throw pico‐projector module including a newly developed LED projection optical system is presented. The projection optic system features two right‐angled prisms and a convex aspheric mirror. We have achieved 10.7 inch projected image size at a display screen which is 115mm away from aspheric mirror. The maximum TV distortion for all fields at all distances is less than ±1%. When combined with virtual input devices, the ultra‐short throw pico‐projector will create a new market and contribute to more comfortable human life.
Laser plasma acceleration experiment at the naval research laboratory (2007)

A relativistically intense laser pulse is focused into a gas jet and quasi-monoenergetic electrons emitted at a 37 degree angle with respect to the laser axis are observed. The average energy of the electrons was between 1 and 2 MeV and the total accelerated charge was about 1 nC emitted into a 10 degree cone angle. The electron characteristics were sensitive to plasma density. The results are compared with three dimensional particle-in- cell simulations. This electron acceleration mechanism might be useful as a source of injection electrons in a laser wakefield accelerator.
Development and Implementation of a Multi-Disciplinary Technology Enhanced Care Pathway for Youth and Adults with Concussion (2019)

The evidence-informed standardization of care along disease lines is recommended to improve outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. The aim of this project is to 1) describe the development and implementation of the Concussion Carepath, 2) demonstrate the process of integrating technology in the form of a mobile application to enable the carepath and guide clinical decision-making, and 3) present data on the utility of the C3 app in facilitating decision-making throughout the injury recovery process. A multi-disciplinary team of experts in concussion care was formed to develop an evidence-informed algorithm, outlining best practices for the clinical management of concussion along three phases of recovery - acute, subacute, and post-concussive. A custom mobile application, the Cleveland Clinic Concussion (C3) app was developed and validated to provide a platform for the systematic collection of objective, biomechanical outcomes and to provide guidance in clinical decision-making in the field and clinical environments. The Cleveland Clinic Concussion app included an electronic incident report, assessment modules to measure important aspects of cognitive and motor function, and a return to play module to systematically document the six phases of post-injury rehabilitation. The assessment modules served as qualifiers within the carepath algorithm, driving referral for specialty services as indicated. Overall, the carepath coupled with the C3 app functioned in unison to facilitate communication among the interdisciplinary team, prevent stagnant care, and drive patients to the right provider at the right time for efficient and effective clinical management.
Numerical simulation of an aircraft style panel excited by a random pressure field (2005)

This study describes the development of a model that predicts the sound radiation from an aircraft style panel excited by a dynamic pressure field with arbitrary spatial correlation. Eventually, this model will be used to develop distributed feedback control strategies for systems with spatially correlated inputs. For this study, the input pressure field is simulated using an array of point forces on the panel. The excitation at each point is defined in the time domain using the spectral representation method [M. Shinozuka and C.-M. Jan, J. Sound Vibr. 25(1), 111–128 (1972)]. This method generates sample functions that match the spatial and temporal correlation characteristics of the desired pressure field. Three different types of excitations are considered: a turbulent boundary layer excitation, a diffuse field, and a spatially uncorrelated disturbance. This approach could be extended to a variety of other types of spatially correlated stochastic inputs as well. A convergence study is also presented to show how many point forces are required to approximate the spatial characteristics of each type of pressure field. [Work supported by NASA.]
The asymptotic tails of limit distributions of continuous time Markov chains (2020)

This paper investigates tail asymptotics of stationary distributions and quasi-stationary distributions (QSDs) of continuous-time Markov chains on subsets of the non-negative integers. Based on the so-called flux-balance equation, we establish identities for stationary measures and QSDs, which we use to derive tail asymptotics. In particular, continuous-time Markov chains with asymptotic power law transition rates, tail asymptotics for stationary distributions and QSDs are classified into three types using three easily computable parameters: (i) super-exponential distributions, (ii) exponential-tailed distributions, and (iii) sub-exponential distributions. Our approach to establish tail asymptotics of stationary distributions is different from the classical semimartingale approach, and we do not impose ergodicity nor moment bound conditions. In particular, the results also hold for explosive Markov chains, for which multiple stationary distributions may exist. Furthermore, our results on tail asymptotics of QSDs seem new. We apply our results to biochemical reaction networks, a general single-cell stochastic gene expression model, an extended class of branching processes, and stochastic population processes with bursty reproduction, none of which are birth-death processes. The approach together with the identities easily extends to discrete time Markov chains.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Sensitizes Malignant Cells to Death Receptor Ligands (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Selective Inhibition of Histone Deacetylases Sensitizes Malignant Cells to Death Receptor Ligands