gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Performance Comparison between Various RF Transceiver Modules (2006)

A detailed numerical study was conducted to investigate the thermal behavior of three RF transceiver modules in a custom environment. The system incorporates the transceiver device and the high density interconnects (HDI) substrate at a fixed boundary condition. In general, the transceiver module requires lesser heat dissipation and thermal requirement may not be as critical as for the power amplifier (PA) module. However, its low thermally conductive die attach material, reduced size of the active areas (micron range) and fairly high power densities lead to the concern that the thermal budget (150 degC) may be exceeded under the various operating scenarios. Each transceiver module was modeled in detail including the device local discrete heat sources, the substrate metal layers, and micro and buried vias distribution across the dielectric layers. The impact of via locations in the substrate is also examined to address the die reliability issues. Results indicated that due to the low power dissipation, the predicted peak temperatures of all three Transceiver modules are below the 150 degC thermal budget. Analyses also suggest that the vias located directly under the die could be removed without any significant thermal penalty. Also, by strategically placing a few vias near the heat sources while removing rest of them in the substrate; it will still satisfy the overall thermal requirements. A detailed comparison between various transceiver designs and associated thermal performance is provided
Human Serum Biomarkers For Detection Of Erythropoietin Abuse (2011)

INTRODUCTION: Erythropoietin (Epo) is mainly produced in the kidney upon low blood oxygen tension to stimulate erythropoiesis in the bone marrow. Recombinant human Epo (rHuEpo), a drug developed to increase arterial oxygen content in patients, is also illicitly used by athletes to improve endurance performance. Therefore, a robust and sensitive test to detect its abuse is needed. PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to investigate potential human serum biomarkers of Epo abuse using a proteomic approach. METHODS: Eight healthy male subjects (25 ± 4 yr, 183 ± 6 cm, 79 ± 7 kg) were injected s.c. with rHuEpo (5000 IU) every second day for a 16-day period. Serum was collected before, 8 and 16 days after treatment. For proteomic analysis, the samples were homogenized and proteins separated by two dimensional (2D)-gel electrophoresis. Protein spots that changed significantly (p<0.05) in response to rHuEpo treatment were identified by mass spectrometric (MS) analysis. RESULTS: At baseline, all measured hematological parameters of the individuals were within normal ranges. Both the number of reticulocytes and erythrocytes increased throughout the study, leading to a significant increase in hematocrit (0.44 vs 0.46, p=0.01) and hemoglobin (9.24 vs. 9.68 mmol/l, p=0.008) content at day 16. In addition, transferrin levels increased (32.8 vs. 37.4 μmol/l, p<0.01) but the percentage of iron bound to transferrin (0.30 vs 0.13, p<0.001) and ferritin levels (115 vs. 24 μg/l, p<0.001) decreased. The proteomic analysis showed 97 serum protein spots, out of these was seven found to decrease at day 16 compared to pre-Epo administration. The spots were identified as four isoforms of haptoglobin (p=0.014, p=0.006, p=0.013, p=0.047), two isoforms of serotransferrin (p=0.018, p=0.047) and a mixture of hemopexin and albumin (p=0.050). No protein spots were significantly altered eight days after the start of Epo injections. Conclucion: The decrease in isoforms of three different proteins was consistent in all subjects, indicating that these proteins could be future markers of Epo abuse. Thus, a 2D-gel electrophoresis proteomic approach appears feasible for generating novel markers of Epo abuse. Effects of exercise and hypoxia on these biomarkers have to be evaluated before implementing them in a future anti-doping test.
“Ab initio” synthesis of zeolites for preestablished catalytic reactions (2017)

Unlike homogeneous catalysts that are often designed for particular reactions, zeolites are heterogeneous catalysts that are explored and optimized in a heuristic fashion. We present a methodology for synthesizing active and selective zeolites by using organic structure-directing agents that mimic the transition state (TS) of preestablished reactions to be catalyzed. In these zeolites, the pores and cavities could be generated approaching a molecular-recognition pattern. For disproportionation of toluene and isomerization of ethylbenzene into xylenes, the TSs are larger than the reaction products. Zeolite ITQ-27 showed high disproportionation activity, and ITQ-64 showed high selectivity for the desired para and ortho isomers. For the case of a product and TS of similar size, we synthesized a catalyst, MIT-1, for the isomerization of <i>endo</i>-dicyclopentane into adamantane.
Graphene oxide monolayers as atomically thin seeding layers for atomic layer deposition of metal oxides (2015)

Graphene oxide (GO) was explored as an atomically-thin transferable seed layer for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of dielectric materials on any substrate of choice. This approach does not require specific chemical groups on the target surface to initiate ALD. This establishes GO as a unique interface which enables the growth of dielectric materials on a wide range of substrate materials and opens up numerous prospects for applications. In this work, a mild oxygen plasma treatment was used to oxidize graphene monolayers with well-controlled and tunable density of epoxide functional groups. This was confirmed by synchrotron-radiation photoelectron spectroscopy. In addition, density functional theory calculations were carried out on representative epoxidized graphene monolayer models to correlate the capacitive properties of GO with its electronic structure. Capacitance-voltage measurements showed that the capacitive behavior of Al2O3/GO depends on the oxidation level of GO. Finally, GO was successfully used as an ALD seed layer for the deposition of Al2O3 on chemically inert single layer graphene, resulting in high performance top-gated field-effect transistors.
Profile of ocriplasmin and its potential in the treatment of vitreomacular adhesion (2014)

The recent approval by the US Food and Drug Administration of ocriplasmin for the treatment of symptomatic vitreomacular adhesion (VMA), often associated with vitreomacular traction (VMT) and macular hole (MH), has brought new attention to the field of pharmacologic vitreolysis. The need for an enzyme to split the vitreomacular interface, which is formed by a strong adhesive interaction between the posterior vitreous cortex and the internal limiting membrane, historically stems from pediatric eye surgery. This review summarizes the different anatomic classifications of posterior vitreous detachment or anomalous posterior vitreous detachment and puts these in the context of clinical pathologies commonly observed in clinical practice of the vitreoretinal specialist, such as MH, VMT, age-related macular degeneration, and diabetic macular edema. We revisit the outcome of the Phase II studies that indicated ocriplasmin was a safe and effective treatment for selected cases of symptomatic VMA and MH. Release of VMA at day 28 was achieved by 26.5% of patients in the ocriplasmin group versus 10.1% in the placebo group (P<0.001). Interestingly, for MHs, the numbers were more remarkable. Predictive factors for successful ocriplasmin treatment were identified for VMT (VMA diameter smaller than 1,500 μm) and MH (smaller than 250 μm). In comparison with the highly predictable outcome after vitrectomy, the general success rate of ocriplasmin not under clinical trial conditions has not fully met expectations and needs to be proven in real-world clinical settings. The ocriplasmin data will be compared in the future with observational data on spontaneous VMA release, will help retina specialists make more accurate predictions, and will improve outcome rates.
Hydrogen Production from the Electro-oxidation of Ammonia Catalyzed by Platinum and Rhodium on Raney Nickel Substrate (2006)

The optimization of a novel anode for the production of hydrogen via an ammonia alkaline electrolytic cell is presented. The novel anode was prepared by electrodeposition and contains Raney nickel, platinum, and rhodium in its catalytic layer. The platinum and rhodium layers were optimized by considering their influences on reaction kinetics and characterization by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was demonstrated through electrochemical analysis that platinum and rhodium realized a synergistic catalytic effect on the oxidation of ammonia, showing higher activity than Pt-only electrodes with comparable catalyst loading. Hydrogen was successfully produced from a solution at at a current density of by an anode containing Rh and Pt at ambient temperature and pressure.
Dual Causality (2006)

The stoichiometric matrix and its associated information fundamentally represents a biochemically, genetically, and genomically structured database. It can be used to analyze network properties, and to relate the components of a network and its genetic bases to network or phenotypic functions. In developing biologically meaningful in silico analysis procedures, fundamental characteristics of biology need to be explicitly recognized. Unlike the physicochemical sciences, biology is subject to dual causality or dual causation. Biology is governed not only by the natural laws but also by genetic programs. Thus, while biological functions obey the natural laws, their functions are not predictable by the natural laws alone. Biological systems function and evolve under the confines of the natural laws according to basic biological principles, such as the generation of diversity and natural selection. The natural laws can be described based on physicochemical principles and used to define the constraints under which organisms must operate. How organisms operate within these constraints is a function of their evolutionary history and survival. Survival and its relationship to cellular functions can perhaps be readily understood for simple, single cellular organisms.
LAND USE IMPACTS OF THE LIVESTOCK AND PALM OIL INDUSTRIES (2015)

Livestock and palm oil industries are both vital agricultural farming systems providing food to the world. The activities of these industries require land for production. Between them, the livestock industry requires extensive land and is, thus, found to be the primary cause of deforestation in the world. In 2012, it used nearly 300 times more land area than oil palm. As very large areas need to be cleared, a very large non-recurrent carbon stock loss and carbon debt are incurred by the livestock industry. This debt is 612 times larger than that of the palm oil industry. As time progresses, the carbon debt of the livestock industry deepens since it is a recurrent carbon source. On the contrary, the relatively smaller carbon debt of the palm oil industry decreases with time since it is a net carbon sink.
Process for separating carbon dioxide from flue gas using sweep-based membrane separation and absorption steps (2023)

A gas separation process for treating flue gases from combustion processes, and combustion processes including such gas separation. The invention involves routing a first portion of the flue gas stream to be treated to an absorption-based carbon dioxide capture step, while simultaneously flowing a second portion of the flue gas across the feed side of a membrane, flowing a sweep gas stream, usually air, across the permeate side, then passing the permeate/sweep gas to the combustor.
Role of Spray Drying of Nanoagglomerates in Morphology Evolution in Nanostructured APS Coatings (2008)

Nanostructured coatings undergo many processing challenges during atmospheric plasma spray if the feedstock is not well prepared. The effects of using spray drying on achieving a suitable feedstock for an even flow of nanoparticles through the gun, the selection of plasma gases for optimum heat transfer, and the velocity of the agglomerates during flight are highlighted in this communication. Analytical heat transfer calculations are used for coating property optimization. The physical characteristics of the nanoagglomerates are studied using diagnostics sensor and scanning electron microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the retention of nanostructures.
Template Matching Technique for Unobstrusive Leak Event Detection in Oil and Gas Pipelines (2022)

Oil & Gas is the most common source to meet the ever-increasing energy demand in the world; thus, the pipelines run inter-country to inter-continents. One of the biggest challenges faced by the Oil & Gas companies is to monitor such long pipelines for leak events as unattended leaks may cause a catastrophe (environmental hazards, life loss, economic loss etc.). Negative Pressure Waves (NPW) can monitor leaks from a considerable distance. These pressure waves can travel a very long distance (~10 km) and can be detected since low frequencies have significantly less attenuation in fluids. Most existing NPW techniques rely on invasive pressure sensors for their enhanced reliability. However, for existing industrial scenarios drilling pipelines poses a severe hindrance. Accelerometer-based NPW techniques, although more attractive to industrial use-cases due to their unobtrusive, easy-to-install nature and maintainability, come with their challenges. These sensors are susceptible to environmental noises and are generally likely to generate false leak event alarms during routine pipe maintenance jobs. This paper investigates the template matching technique for unobtrusive accelerometer-based leak event detection to isolate NPW signatures from other vibrational signatures on the pipe surface. More particularly, we setup a small pipeline with an air compressor to create leaks in a pressurized pipe and exploited an accelerometer sensor to pick up the NPW signatures on the pipe surface. Thus, the proposed approach offers a complete non-invasive yet robust solution for capturing low-frequency NPW waves.
Regularization of the Affine Projection Algorithm (2011)

The affine projection algorithm (APA) is an attractive choice for echo cancellation, mainly for its convergence features. A matrix inversion is required within the APA. For practical reasons, this matrix needs to be regularized, i.e., a positive constant is added to the elements of its main diagonal. This regularization parameter is of great importance in practice since, if it is not chosen properly, the APA may never converge, especially under low-signal-to-noise-ratio conditions. In this brief, we propose a formula for choosing the value of the regularization parameter, aiming at attenuating the effects of the noise in the adaptive filter estimate. Simulations performed in an acoustic echo cancellation scenario prove the validity of the approach in different noisy environments.
I-sphere (2013)

This research explores a novel hybrid interface which dynamically links a virtual reality based 3D interface object with multiple hypertext webpages. The tree or network structured 3D graphic object named I-Sphere, consists of multiple nodes and links which intuitively represents the entire 3D navigational space of a site so that the user is aware of his/her navigational position in the web search space at all times. This user operable 3D web search visual interface would give a more intuitive and information rich control over the entire search space to assist highly interactive online information navigation. I-Sphere development process follows a user centric design methodology. A prototypical 3D web search interface was conceptualized and test-built. Finally an instance of the developed interface was employed over a context and tested for usability issues.
White Electroluminescence Using ZnO Nanotubes/GaN Heterostructure Light-Emitting Diode (2010)

We report the fabrication of heterostructure white light-emitting diode (LED) comprised of n-ZnO nanotubes (NTs) aqueous chemically synthesized on p-GaN substrate. Room temperature electroluminescence (EL) of the LED demonstrates strong broadband white emission spectrum consisting of predominating peak centred at 560 nm and relatively weak violet-blue emission peak at 450 nm under forward bias. The broadband EL emission covering the whole visible spectrum has been attributed to the large surface area and high surface states of ZnO NTs produced during the etching process. In addition, comparison of the EL emission colour quality shows that ZnO nanotubes have much better quality than that of the ZnO nanorods. The colour-rendering index of the white light obtained from the nanotubes was 87, while the nanorods-based LED emit yellowish colour.
Suppl Figure 3 from PLZF, a Tumor Suppressor Genetically Lost in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer, Is a Mediator of Resistance to Androgen Deprivation Therapy (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Suppl Figure 3. The impact of PLZF alternations on cell growth&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of the Two Neurospora crassa Cellobiose Dehydrogenases and Their Connection to Oxidative Cellulose Degradation (2012)

The genome of Neurospora crassa encodes two different cellobiose dehydrogenases (CDHs) with a sequence identity of only 53%. So far, only CDH IIA, which is induced during growth on cellulose and features a C-terminal carbohydrate binding module (CBM), was detected in the secretome of N. crassa and preliminarily characterized. CDH IIB is not significantly upregulated during growth on cellulosic material and lacks a CBM. Since CDH IIB could not be identified in the secretome, both CDHs were recombinantly produced in Pichia pastoris. With the cytochrome domain-dependent one-electron acceptor cytochrome c, CDH IIA has a narrower and more acidic pH optimum than CDH IIB. Interestingly, the catalytic efficiencies of both CDHs for carbohydrates are rather similar, but CDH IIA exhibits 4- to 5-times-higher apparent catalytic constants (k(cat) and K(m) values) than CDH IIB for most tested carbohydrates. A third major difference is the 65-mV-lower redox potential of the heme b cofactor in the cytochrome domain of CDH IIA than CDH IIB. To study the interaction with a member of the glycoside hydrolase 61 family, the copper-dependent polysaccharide monooxygenase GH61-3 (NCU02916) from N. crassa was expressed in P. pastoris. A pH-dependent electron transfer from both CDHs via their cytochrome domains to GH61-3 was observed. The different properties of CDH IIA and CDH IIB and their effect on interactions with GH61-3 are discussed in regard to the proposed in vivo function of the CDH/GH61 enzyme system in oxidative cellulose hydrolysis.
Signal and image processing techniques for VLSI failure analysis (2016)

For VLSI, internal electrical measurements are key steps to solve design debug issues and to perform failure analysis. Due to multiple metal layers, active areas of the chip are only accessible from the backside of the die. The ability of optical contactless techniques to operate through the silicon substrate and the few sample preparation required have widely contributed to promote them as unavoidable tools of the defect localization workflow. Timing issue or unusual consumption can be detected by static and dynamic photon emission analysis and Electro Optical Probing. The identification of the emission spots is an essential step of the process. Due to scaling, more and more emission nodes are located within the acquisition area so that large variations of emission intensity can exist and it is difficult to recover a signal with a good Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR). In this paper, automated techniques are reported to locate spots in these complex areas and to recover electrical waveforms with a good SNR. We will underline the challenge and define applications boundaries of these techniques. These techniques gives some perspectives for probing applications and allows FA community to use signal processing methods instead of expensive devices.
Dual-angle, spectral reconstruction imaging method for the determination of dielectric thin-film thickness (2017)

The thickness of optical thin films, such as dielectrics, can be determined by the use of a profilometer or by a spectrophotometer. Both of these standard methods have coated area size limitations. Converting a digital camera to a spectrophotometer eliminates these size limitations. This work reviews a simple method for determining the physical thickness of a dielectric film on a silicon wafer using two images from a digital camera.
Prescribed-Time Safety Design for a Chain of Integrators (2022)

Safety in dynamical systems is commonly pursued using control barrier functions (CBFs) which enforce safety-constraints over the entire duration of a system’s evolution. We propose a prescribed-time safety (PTSf) design which enforces safety only for a finite time of interest to the user. While traditional CBF designs would keep the system away from the barrier longer than necessary, our PTSf design lets the system reach the barrier by the prescribed time and obey the operator’s intent thereafter. To emphasize the capability of our design for safety constraints with high relative degrees, we focus our exposition on a chain of integrators where the safety condition is defined for the state furthest from the control input. In contrast to existing CBF-based methods for high-relative degree constraints, our approach involves choosing explicitly specified gains (instead of class $\mathcal{K}$ functions), and, with the aid of backstepping, operates in the entirety of the original safe set with no additional restriction on the initial conditions. With Quadratic Programming (QP) being employed in the design, in addition to backstepping and CBFs with a PTSf property, we refer to our design as a QP-backstepping PT-CBF design. For illustration, we include a simulation for the double-integrator system.
Anomalous Spectral Characteristics of Ultrathin sub-nm Colloidal CdSe Nanoplatelets (2017)

We demonstrate high quantum yield broad photoluminescence emission of ultrathin sub-nanometer CdSe nanoplatelets (two-monolayer). They also exhibit polarization-characterized lateral size dependent anomalous heavy hole and light/split-off hole absorption intensities.
ThermusthermophilustmRNA andtranstranslation (2007)

In trans-translation, ribosome switches the template for protein synthesis from an mRNA to tmRNA. The molecular mechanism of trans-translation remains mysterious. In order to clarify how tmRNA move through the ribosome, we developed in vitro systems to monitor trans-translation as well as translation, which are composed of ribosome, elongation factors, tmRNA and SmpB all from Thermus thermophilus. In these systems, the early steps of trans-translation including trans-transfer and the resume codon decoding could be monitored. Using these systems, the function of ribosomal protein S1 which has been suggested to be involved in trans-translation was investigated.
Supplementary Table 3 from Common Structural and Epigenetic Changes in the Genome of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;XLS file - 49K, CpG sites methylated in 100% of CRPC.&lt;/p&gt;
ChemInform Abstract: Hexapyrrolylbenzene and Octapyrrolylnaphthalene. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.