gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DOE-EFRC Center on Nanostructuring for Efficient Energy Conversion (CNEEC) (2015)

CNEEC’s mission has been to understand how nanostructuring of materials can enhance efficiency for solar energy conversion to produce hydrogen fuel and to solve fundamental cross-cutting problems. The overarching hypothesis underlying CNEEC research was that controlling, synthesizing and modifying materials at the nanometer scale increases the efficiency of energy conversion and storage devices and systems. In this pursuit, we emphasized the development of functional nanostructures that are based primarily on earth abundant and inexpensive materials.
Beneficial effect of olanzapine in schizophrenic patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms (2000)

Some studies suggest that obsessive-compulsive symptoms may be common (7.8-46%) in schizophrenic patients and seem to be poorly responsive to drug therapy. Conventional neuroleptics are of limited value, but adjunctive anti-obsessive agents (clomipramine, fluvoxamine) may be an option. Although novel atypical antipsychotics (clozapine, risperidone) reportedly aggravate the obsessive-compulsive symptoms, a recent trial has shown that olanzapine did not induce new-onset obsessive-compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic patients. We report our experience with three schizophrenic patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms who were unsuccessfully treated with various conventional neuroleptics in combination with anti-obsessive agents and subsequently showed resistance or intolerance to clozapine. All of them were switched to olanzapine (10-20 mg/ day). All patients demonstrated a significant improvement in both schizophrenic and obsessive-compulsive symptoms as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (Y-BOCS). Within 5-8 weeks of initiation of olanzapine, the BPRS scores of the three patient decreased by 53%, 51% and 48%, and the Y-BOCS scores by 68%, 73% and 85%. Olanzapine was well tolerated. These preliminary results suggest that olanzapine may be a therapeutic option in schizophrenic patients with obsessive-compulsive symptoms.
The role of solubility and critical temperatures for the efficiency of sorbitol clarifiers in polypropylene (2014)

The optical properties of polypropylene (PP) were modified by nine different sorbitol type clarifiers available commercially or synthesized in the study. The solubility of the clarifiers in PP was estimated by thermodynamic model calculations. The results showed that the solubility of these additives in PP is small, a few 1000 ppm at most. Solubility is determined by the chemical structure of the sorbitol, and the heat of fusion of the latter changes solubility by at least one order of magnitude. Solubility can be estimated reasonably by the Flory–Huggins lattice theory. The morphology of most sorbitols transforms at a temperature much below their melting point upon heating. This transformation, which is accompanied by crystal perfection, seems to influence melting and solubility. A fibrillar structure forms upon the cooling of molten sorbitols, but the diameter of the fibrils is much larger than those forming in the polymer melt. The nucleating effect of the clarifier depends on solubility, but also on processing conditions. Nucleus density is related to the amount of dissolved clarifier. A close correlation was found between the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter of sorbitols and the smallest achievable haze, which can be explained by the effect of solubility and nucleus density.
Relaxable damage in hot-carrier stressing of n-MOS transistors-oxide traps in the near interfacial region of the gate oxide (1990)

An examination of the relaxable hot-carrier stressing damage indicates that the relaxation is due to charge trapped in the oxide located within tunneling distance of the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface, which charges during stressing and discharges by tunneling back out into the silicon. Both hole and electron traps are involved. The traps can be filled, either by injecting charge into the oxide by channel hot-carrier stressing, or by applying a strong bias to the gate (+or-4 MV/cm), with the drain grounded so that electrons/holes tunnel in from the silicon. The relaxable states can thus be thought of as constituting a third type of stress-induced defect, having some of the characteristics of both interface states and oxide trapped charge. They are found to be created for the stressing conditions around V/sub g/=V/sub d//4, indicating that they are generated by hot hole injection. The sites, which appear to be situated at fixed distances into the oxide from the interface, are created obeying a time power law with gradient 0.3. Athough the relaxable states typically make up about 5-20% of the total hot carrier damage, they may be of some importance as they could be the precursors to interface states.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
EP27.11: Normal/arcuate vs septate uterus: interobserver reliability/agreement of currently used measurements (2017)

To evaluate the inter-observer reliability/agreement of currently used measurements to distinguish between normal/arcuate and septate uterus. We included 100 women evaluated between Jun-2016 and Jul-2016 with suspected uterine anomaly, using a single 3D data-set of each uterus. Two observers using the same initial data-set, independently manipulated the uterus to obtain the coronal plane and performed the following measurements blinded to each other results: indentation depth, indentation angle, and uterine fundal wall thickness; the latter was used to calculated the indentation to wall thickness (I:WT) ratio. Inter-observer reliability and agreement of indentation depth, angle and I: WT ratio were assessed by concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and limits of agreement (LoA). The inter-rater reliability of indentation depth (CCC=0.99, 95%CI=0.98-0.99) was significantly better than both indentation angle (CCC=0.96, 95%CI=0.94-0.97) and I:WT ratio (CCC=0.92, 95%CI=0.90-0.94). The LoA were: indentation depth = -1.7mm to +2.1mm; indentation angle = -17° to +16°; and I:WT ratio = -75% to + 96%. Among the three measurements frequently used to distinguish between normal/arcuate and septate uterus, the indentation depth was the most reliable; differences up to ± 2mm are expected if the measurement is repeated by another observer.
Celecoxib versus Diclofenac and Omeprazole in Reducing the Risk of Recurrent Ulcer Bleeding in Patients with Arthritis (2002)

Among patients with a recent history of ulcer bleeding, treatment with celecoxib was as effective as treatment with diclofenac plus omeprazole, with respect to the prevention of recurrent bleeding. Renal toxic effects are common in high-risk patients receiving celecoxib or diclofenac plus omeprazole.
Intracranial Distribution of Intravenously Administered Gadolinium-based Contrast Agent over a Period of 24 Hours: Evaluation with 3D-real IR Imaging and MR Fingerprinting (2020)

Time course of GBCA after IV-SD-GBCA could be evaluated by 3D-real IR imaging in CSF spaces and in the brain by MRF.
System integration for a SPECT system featuring digital waveform acquisition (2018)

We have developed a preclinical rabbit cardiac SPECT system by re-engineering a classical clinical SPECT scanner with state-of-the-art electronics and control systems. Notable features include digital waveform capture of the time-dependent outputs of the photomultiplier tubes (PMT). The digitization of the scintillation pulses allows for the incorporation of the entire waveform into the maximum-likelihood estimation (MLE) of event parameters (x, y, energy, etc.), rather than one scalar (i.e. integrated current). We present here details of the waveform-inclusive MLE, the measurements of the mean-detector-response functions, and the determination of the point spread function, along with the associated acceleration via graphics-processor-unit (GPU) programming. Additionally, calibration algorithms of the system are discussed.
Oncolytic parainfluenza virus combines with NK cells to mediate killing of infected and non-infected lung cancer cells within 3D spheroids: role of type I and type III interferon signaling (2021)

Our data support the potential of combining oncolytic parainfluenza virus with PM21-NK cell adoptive therapy against lung cancer.
140 GHz Urban Microcell Propagation Measurements for Spatial Consistency Modeling (2021)

Sub-Terahertz frequencies (frequencies above 100 GHz) have the potential to satisfy the unprecedented demand on data rate on the order of hundreds of Gbps for sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications and beyond. Accurate beam tracking and rapid beam selection are increasingly important since antenna arrays with more elements generate narrower beams to compensate for additional path loss within the first meter of propagation distance at sub-THz frequencies. Realistic channel models for above 100 GHz are needed, and should include spatial consistency to model the spatial and temporal channel evolution along the user trajectory. This paper introduces recent outdoor urban microcell (UMi) propagation measurements at 142 GHz along a 39 m $\times$ 12 m rectangular route (102 m long), where each consecutive and adjacent receiver location is 3 m apart from each other. The measured power delay profiles and angular power spectrum at each receiver location are used to study spatial autocorrelation properties of various channel parameters such as shadow fading, delay spread, and angular spread along the track. Compared to the correlation distances reported in the 3GPP TR 38.901 for frequencies below 100 GHz, the measured correlation distance of shadow fading at 142 GHz (3.8 m) is much shorter than the 10-13 m as specified in 3GPP; the measured correlation distances of delay spread and angular spread at 142 GHz (both 12 m) are comparable to the 7-10 m as specified in 3GPP. This result may guide the development of a statistical spatially consistent channel model for frequencies above 100 GHz in the UMi street canyon environment.
Activation Parameters for Three Reactions Interconverting Isomeric 4- and 6-Deuteriobicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes (2001)

Classic investigations of thermal equilibrations between 4,4-d2- and 6,6-d2-bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes (Doering, W. von E.; Roth, W. R. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1963, 2, 115-122) and among deuterium-labeled and non-racemic 2-methyl-5-isopropylbicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes (Delta3-thujenes) (Doering, W. von E.; Lambert, J. B. Tetrahedron 1963, 19, 1989-1994 and Doering, W. von E.; Schmidt, E. K. G. Tetrahedron 1971, 27, 2005-2030) and bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-2-enes (Cooke, R. S.; Andrews, U. H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 2974-2980) identified three different paths leading to distinct degenerate products. The equilibrations take place through [1,3]-carbon shifts with retention,suprafacial and inversion,antarafacial stereochemistry and a two-centered epimerization resulting in enantiomerization of the bicyclic skeleton through a "ring-flip" process. Activation parameters for the rate constants kr, kf, and ki associated with these paths have now been secured: Ea 43.8, 44.3, 44.8 kcal/mol and log A 14.1, 14.2, 14.1, respectively, nearly identical values, differing by less than probable error limits, consistent with a rate-determining formation followed by a rapid partitioning of a common diradical intermediate under dynamic control.
Acrylates as termination reagent for the preparation of semi‐telechelic polymers made by ring opening metathesis polymerization (2008)

This article deals with the end-group functionalization of ROM-polymers using acrylates. After preparation of the corresponding (block co-)polymers with (H2IMes)(pyridine)2RuCl2(=CHPh) as the initiator acrylates were added to the reaction mixture and functionalization of one terminus of the polymer was achieved.
Going beyond the Limits of SFI: Flexible and Secure Hardware-Assisted In-Process Isolation with HFI (2023)

We introduce Hardware-assisted Fault Isolation (HFI), a simple extension to existing processors to support secure, flexible, and efficient in-process isolation. HFI addresses the limitations of existing software-based isolation (SFI) systems including: runtime overheads, limited scalability, vulnerability to Spectre attacks, and limited compatibility with existing code. HFI can seamlessly integrate with current SFI systems (e.g., WebAssembly), or directly sandbox unmodified native binaries. To ease adoption, HFI relies only on incremental changes to the data and control path of existing high-performance processors. We evaluate HFI for x86-64 using the gem5 simulator and compiler-based emulation on a mix of real and synthetic workloads.
Characteristics of Gunn oscillators with lengths comparable to high-field domain widths (1968)

High efficiency operations up to 15 percent were obtained on a pulse basis for Gunn oscillators whose lengths were comparable to the domain widths. In a purely resistive circuit, these Gunn oscillators were found to be tunable over a fairly wide frequency range by changing the applied voltage.
Universal Composition with Responsive Environments. (2016)

In universal composability frameworks, adversaries or environments and protocols/ideal functionalities often have to exchange meta-information on the network interface, such as algorithms, keys, signatures, ciphertexts, signaling information, and corruption-related messages. For these purely modeling-related messages, which do not reflect actual network communication, it would often be very reasonable and natural for adversaries/environments to provide the requested information immediately or give control back to the protocol/functionality immediately after having received some information. However, in none of the existing models for universal composability is this guaranteed. We call this the non-responsiveness problem. As we will discuss in the paper, while formally non-responsiveness does not invalidate any of the universal composability models, it has many disadvantages, such as unnecessarily complex specifications and less expressivity. Also, this problem has often been ignored in the literature, leading to ill-defined and flawed specifications. Protocol designers really should not have to care about this problem at all, but currently they have to: giving the adversary/environment the option to not respond immediately to modeling-related requests does not translate to any real attack scenario.

This paper solves the non-responsiveness problem and its negative consequences completely, by avoiding this artificial modeling problem altogether. We propose the new concepts of responsive environments and adversaries. Such environments and adversaries must provide a valid response to modeling-related requests before any other protocol/functionality is activated. Hence, protocol designers do no longer have to worry about artifacts resulting from such requests not being answered promptly. Our concepts apply to all existing models for universal composability, as exemplified for the UC, GNUC, and IITM models, with full definitions and proofs simulation relations, transitivity, equivalence of various simulation notions, and composition theorems provided for the IITM model.
Vibrational spectrum and structure of the K2O2 complex in solid argon: A far infrared and density functional theory study (1995)

New fundamental K–O stretching frequencies of the isolated potassium peroxide K2O2 molecule are reported for different isotopic species. The B2u vibration can be measured for 39K216O2, 39K216O18O, K217O18O, 39K218O2, 39K41K16O2 and 39K41K18O2. The B3u vibration can be located for K216O2, K216O18O and K218O2 products, and the formerly B3g symmetry motion, IR-activated by symmetry breaking in 39K216O18O, 39K41K16O18O, 39K41K16O2, and 39K41K18O2, is equally observed. The self-consistency of the attributions is based on semiempirical quadratic force field calculations, and, more importantly, upon theoretical ab initio and Density Functional Theory calculations. The ground state geometry calculated using the all electron density functional theory method corresponds to a slightly out of plane distorted rhombic structure (C2v symmetry), in contrast to the D2h symmetry structure calculated for Li2O2 or at the SCF level for K2O2. The energy difference between rhombic D2h and out-of-plane C2v structure is nevertheless too small (0.08 kcal/mol) to exclude a calculation artefact. The agreement between the positions of observed vibrations and the density functional theory calculation predictions is however remarkable.
MICROFLUIDIC JET INJECTION FOR DELIVERY OF COMPOUNDS INTO CELLS (2011)

Delivery of compounds (nucleic acids, proteins, biomarkers, etc) to individual cells is a recurrent challenge in biology and medicine. Available delivery techniques can be divided into three main categories: biological methods, chemical methods and physical methods. Each of them has specific advantages and disadvantages in terms of delivery capabilities, toxicity and cost. Here, we present proof of concept of a system designed to achieve intracellular delivery of any macromolecule of interest by directing a sub picoliter-jet of a solution towards individual cells. This method has the potential to be quantitative and very high throughput, overcoming most of the limitations of current intracellular delivery protocols.
Sonoluminescence and bubble dynamics for a single, stable, cavitation bubble (1992)

High-amplitude radial pulsations of a single gas bubble in several glycerine and water mixtures have been observed in an acoustic stationary wave system at acoustic pressure amplitudes on the order of 150 kPa (1.5 atm) at 21–25 kHz. Sonoluminescence (SL), a phenomenon generally attributed to the high temperatures generated during the collapse of cavitation bubbles, was observed as short light pulses occurring once every acoustic period. These emissions can be seen to originate at the geometric center of the bubble when observed through a microscope. It was observed that the light emissions occurred simultaneously with the bubble collapse. Using a laser scattering technique, experimental radius-time curves have been obtained which confirm the absence of surface waves, which are expected at pressure amplitudes above 100 kPa. [S. Horsburgh, Ph.D. dissertation, University of Mississippi (1990)]. Also from these radius-time curves, measurements of the pulsation amplitude, the timing of the major bubble collapse, and the number of rebounds were made and compared with several theories. The implications of this research on the current understanding of cavitation related phenomena such as rectified diffusion, surface wave excitation, and sonoluminescence are discussed.
Redundancy techniques for high-density DRAMs (2002)

This paper describes the redundancy techniques for high-density DRAMs to solve the following two problems which arise with the increase in memory capacity: (1) the increase in memory-array division reduces the replacement flexibility between defective lines and spare lines; (2) the defects causing DC-characteristics faults, especially excessive standby current faults cannot be repaired with the conventional redundancy techniques. First, two approaches to solve the first problem are discussed: enhancing the replacement flexibility within the limits of intra-subarray replacement, and the introduction of inter-subarray replacement. Next, the recent proposals to solve the second problem are reported. The DC-characteristics faults are repaired through the modification of bitline precharge circuit or the subarray-replacement redundancy.
The effect of glycerol on the structure of lecithin membranes; a study by freeze‐etching and X‐ray diffraction (1969)

SUMMARY The structure of bimolecular lecithin leaflets (or bilayers) has been studied in lecithin–water and lecithin–glycerol–water systems using freeze‐etch and X‐ray diffraction techniques. The X‐ray diffraction experiments indicate that the thickness of these bilayers increases both with increasing lecithin concentration and with the addition of glycerol. Due to the glycerol‐induced thickening of the bilayers the limiting value of about 5 nm is reached at a lower lecithin concentration (70% lipid) in glycerol‐treated systems than in specimens prepared with pure water (75% lipid). It is suggested that the addition of glycerol increases molecular order within the bilayers by ‘cross‐linking’ the polar end‐groups of the lecithin molecules. The resultant straightening of the molecules increases the bilayer thickness for all concentrations below 75% lecithin. The freeze‐etch studies show that the fracturing properties of the bilayers at −100°C change both when the concentration of lecithin increases from 1% to 80% and when glycerol is added to the preparations. The appearance of all the exposed membrane faces can be explained by a bilayer arrangement of the lecithin molecules. At concentrations below 75% lipid in lecithin‐water systems and concentrations below 70% lipid in glycerol‐treated specimens the membrane faces are usually covered with plaque structures, which represent island‐like remnants of the partly split away upper‐lying layer of the bilayers (Staehelin, 1968a). Above these concentrations most bilayers are completely split during the fracturing process. The freeze‐etch results also support the idea that glycerol strengthens the cohesive forces in the surface layers of the bilayer membranes and indicate that plaque formation depends on the presence of ‘free’ water between the bilayers. A parallel freeze‐etch investigation of the hydration of bulk lecithin has shown that it could be a two‐step process. In the first stage the lecithin molecules appear to be arranged into bilayers while the bound water layer is formed. In the second stage the free water seems to penetrate as a sheet in between the bound water layers of the lipid bilayers and forces them apart. Possible biological implications of these studies are briefly discussed.
Independent control of function and chromatic dispersion in diffractive optical devices with metasurfaces (2017)

Diffractive optical devices have many applications in various fields of optics. A fundamental property of all diffractive devices is their negative chromatic dispersion: a diffractive grating always disperses light in the opposite order compared to a refractive prism made of a material with positive (normal) dispersion. Unlike refractive devices, chromatic dispersion in diffractive devices stems from geometrical features, and cannot be controlled via the intrinsic material dispersion. In addition to the always negative sign, the amplitude of diffractive chromatic dispersion is set only by the function of the device. For instance, the angular dispersion of a grating is always given by dθ/dλ=tan(θ)/λ (where θ is the deflection angle and λ is wavelength), or the focal distance dispersion of a diffractive lens is given by df/dλ=-f/λ. Therefore, the chromatic dispersion of diffractive devices has always been set by their function (e.g. by the deflection angle for a grating or the focal distance for a lens), and could not be controlled separately. Here, we present our work on breaking this fundamental relation between the function and chromatic dispersion of diffractive devices using metasurfaces providing independent control over phase and group delays. We use a reflective dielectric metasurface to experimentally demonstrate gratings and lenses that have positive, zero, and extraordinary negative chromatic dispersion. Apart from its fundamental scientific value, this concept expands the applications of diffractive devices as it enables various types of chromatic dispersions. For instance, a special case would be a dispersionless lens operating over a wide bandwidth with the same focal distance.
Supplementary Table S2 from Metabolic and Functional Genomic Studies Identify Deoxythymidylate Kinase as a Target in <i>LKB1</i>-Mutant Lung Cancer (2023)

&lt;p&gt;shRNAs used in manuscript.&lt;/p&gt;