gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cross-layer memory management for managed language applications (2015)

Performance and energy efficiency in memory have become critically important for a wide range of computing domains. However, it is difficult to control and optimize memory power and performance because these effects depend upon activity across multiple layers of the vertical execution stack. To address this challenge, we construct a novel and collaborative framework that employs object placement, cross-layer communication, and page-level management to effectively distribute application objects in the DRAM hardware to achieve desired power/performance goals. In this work, we describe the design and implementation of our framework, which is the first to integrate automatic object profiling and analysis at the application layer with fine-grained management of memory hardware resources in the operating system. We demonstrate the utility of our framework by employing it to more effectively control memory power consumption. We design a custom memory-intensive workload to show the potential of our approach. Next, we develop sampling and profiling-based analyses and modify the code generator in the HotSpot VM to understand object usage patterns and automatically determine and control the placement of hot and cold objects in a partitioned VM heap. This information is communicated to the operating system, which uses it to map the logical application pages to the appropriate DRAM ranks according to user-defined provisioning goals. We evaluate our framework and find that it achieves our test goal of significant DRAM energy savings across a variety of workloads, without any source code modifications or recompilations.
Comparative Healing of Surgical Incisions Created by the PEAK PlasmaBlade, Conventional Electrosurgery, and a Scalpel (2009)

The PlasmaBlade is a promising new surgical instrument that provides atraumatic, scalpel-like cutting precision and electrosurgical-like hemostasis, resulting in minimal bleeding, tissue injury, and scar formation.
Abstract 19363: Migration of MicroRNAs From Cardiomyocytes to Cancer Cells Interferes With Tumor Formation in the Adult Heart (2014)

The low incidence of cardiac tumors has been attributed to tissue pressure dictated by myocardial mechanics and large coronary blood flow. These variables, however, have failed to consider the possibility that the rare occurrence of heart neoplasms may be dictated by the molecular characteristics of cardiomyocytes. We have shown that miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-499 translocate from myocytes to co-cultured MCF7 breast cancer cells, inhibiting their growth. The transfer of miRs is mediated by gap junction channels and is abolished by Cx43 and Cx45 silencing. Although these in vitro results provided important information on the inhibitory function of miRs in cell proliferation, co-culture of myocytes and cancer cells does not mimic the in vivo organization of the myocardium that allows the formation of multiple sites of coupling between myocytes and tumor cells. To reproduce, at least in part, the in vivo condition, we developed first a physiological model of organ culture. Thick vibratome-cut myocardial slices were placed on a multiwell plate containing an oxygen-saturated sponge. At 24-48 hours, the cultured tissue was viable and myocytes showed a well organized sarcomere structure. Two hours after plating of the organ slices, control MCF7 cells or MCF7 cells in which Cx43 and Cx45 were silenced (MCF7-shCx43-shCx45) were seeded on the myocardium. Control MCF7 cells showed a slower growth rate than MCF7-shCx43-shCx45 cells, a finding consistent with miR translocation and its blockade, respectively. Second, 1 x 106 MCF7 or MCF7 cells overexpressing miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-499 (MCF7-miRs) were injected subcutaneously in NOD-SCID mice; ~45 days later, the tumors developed from MCF7 cells were more than 10-fold larger and 3-fold heavier than those originated from MCF7-miRs cells. Third, these studies were complemented with the intramyocardial injection of 1 x 105 control MCF7 cells. Five weeks later, no neoplastic lesions were identified. However, when an excessive number of MCF7 cells were injected, 1 x 106, tumor formation was apparent. In conclusion, our results indicate that transfer of miR-1, miR-133a, and miR-499 from cardiomyocytes to cancer cells plays a critical role in preventing the generation of tumors in the myocardium.
Generation of a high yield vaccine backbone for influenza B virus in embryonated chicken eggs (2023)

Influenza B virus (IBV) strains are one of the components of seasonal influenza vaccines in both trivalent and quadrivalent formulations. The vast majority of these vaccines are produced in embryonated chickens' eggs. While optimized backbones for vaccine production in eggs exist and are in use for influenza A viruses, no such backbones exist for IBVs, resulting in unpredictable production yields. To generate an optimal vaccine seed virus backbone, we have compiled a panel of 71 IBV strains from 1940 to present day, representing the known temporal and genetic variability of IBV circulating in humans. This panel contains strains from the B/Victoria/2/87-like lineage, B/Yamagata/16/88-like lineage and the ancestral lineage that preceded their split to provide a diverse set that would help to identify a suitable backbone which can be used in combination with hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) glycoproteins from any IBV strain to be incorporated into the seasonal vaccine. We have characterized and ranked the growth profiles of the 71 IBV strains and the best performing strains were used for co-infection of eggs, followed by serial passaging to select for high-growth reassortant viruses. After serial passaging, we selected 10 clonal isolates based on their growth profiles assessed by hemagglutination and plaque-forming units. We then generated reverse genetics systems for the three clones that performed best in growth curves. The selected backbones were then used to generate different reassortant viruses with HA/NA combinations from high and low titer yielding wild type IBV. When the growth profiles of the recombinant reassortant viruses were tested, the low titer yielding HA/NA viruses with the selected backbones yielded higher titers similar to those from high titer yielding HA/NA combinations. The use of these IBV backbones with improved replication in eggs might increase yields for the influenza B virus components of seasonal influenza virus vaccines.
Electron Beam Transport in Gas and Plasma-filled Cells on RITS (2005)

Over the past 30 years, the paraxial diode has utilized a gas-filled transport cell to focus an electron beam onto a high-Z target in order to generate intense x-rays for flash radiography. One of the key objectives is to create a small radiographic spot, which in turn is related to the focusing dynamics of the beam. For gas-filled transport cells, the primary limitation to achieving a small time-integrated spot size is believed to be due to beam sweeping through the focal plane on the timescale of the pulse. This results in a larger than desired time-integrated radiographic spot. Recent simulations using LSP, a particle-in-cell code, have found that if a pre-ionized plasma transport cell is utilized with density on the order of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">16</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> , then the beam focal plane is essentially "frozen" in time, thereby limiting spot growth due to beam sweep. Recent experiments at Sandia National Laboratories have been conducted to investigate the spot behavior as a function of time for both gas and plasma-filled transport cells. For the plasma-filled experiments, a z-discharge of static hydrogen is used to create a highly ionized plasma in the transport cell. For the gas-filled experiments, the transport cell is filled with either hydrogen or air with pressures of 0.5-5 Torr. Time-resolved as well as time integrated measurement of the focal spot are presented and compared for both the gas and plasma-filled transport cells.
Pentoxifylline Prevents Tumor Necrosis Factor-induced Lung Injury (1989)

Human tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) is a monokine produced by mononuclear cells after many stimuli, including bacterial endotoxin. Full exploration of its antineoplastic effects has been limited by side effects. We have previously shown that the administration of TNF to guinea pigs is associated with a syndrome similar to gram-negative septic shock, which includes capillary permeability lung injury. In this study, we measured the effects of pentoxifylline (PTX) on parameters of TNF-induced lung injury including: lung wet-to-dry weight ratio, the ratio of lung-to-plasma 125I-labeled albumin (albumin index), bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and peripheral leukocyte counts, and serial measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Four groups of animals were studied: a TNF group received 3.75 x 10(6) U/kg TNF; a PTX group received a 20-mg/kg bolus of PTX followed by an infusion of 6 mg/kg/h; the PTX-TNF group received both; and the final group was a saline control. ANOVA analysis revealed significant elevations of lung wet-to-dry ratio only in the TNF group (5.9 [5.6 to 6.3], p less than 0.001), expressed as the mean followed by 95% confidence intervals). Lung albumin index was elevated only in the TNF group (0.24 [0.19 to 0.29], p less than 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Entomopathogenic fungi as the microbial frontline against the alien Eucalyptus pest Gonipterus platensis in Brazil (2021)

The eucalyptus snout beetle (ESB), Gonipterus platensis, is endemic to Australia but has become a major invasive, destructive pest of Brazilian eucalyptus plantations. Efforts to develop insecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi against ESB are limited by the lack of known virulent strains. We therefore explored the virulence of indigenous Brazilian strains of major entomopathogenic fungi-Beauveria spp. and Metarhizium anisopliae-against ESB adults. We found widely varying virulence and later capacities for conidial production on infected adult cadavers. Two strains stood out, B. bassiana IBCB-240 and M. anisopliae IBCB-364, as especially lethal for ESB adults under laboratory conditions, sporulated abundantly on infected insects, and also outperformed comparable strains used in commercial mycoinsecticides. Notably, B. bassiana IBCB-240 exhibited lower LT<sub>50</sub> values at low inoculum levels (≤ 10<sup>7</sup> conidia mL<sup>-1</sup>) and smaller LC<sub>50</sub> values than M. anisopliae IBCB-364. Taken together, this study emphasizes natural variation in virulence among indigenous Beauveria and Metarhizium strains against ESB adults and identifies fungal strains with superior lethality to existing commercialized strains for managing this eucalyptus pest in Brazil.
The radiometric calibration of the MOPITT carbon monoxide length modulated radiometer channels (2003)

The MOPITT instrument is measuring atmospheric columns and profiles of carbon monoxide and columns of methane from NASA's Terra satellite. To make these measurements, MOPITT utilises six length modulated radiometers (LMRs). Prior to the integration of MOPITT onto Terra, the radiometric response of the LMRs to simulated atmospheres was measured. Comparison of these measurements to theoretically calculated signals have shown that the response of the carbon monoxide radiometers is within the errors of the calculations. The primary sources of error in these calculations are errors and/or uncertainties in the LMC gas pressure, LMC correlation cell length, and LMR imbalance.
The study of phase angle effects to wafer process window using 193-nm EAPSM in a 300-mm wafer manufacturing environment (2004)

As the semiconductor-process technology advances towards the 90nm-node, more and more wafer-fabs start to use 193nm EAPSM (Embedded Attenuated Phase-Shift Mask) technology as the main lithography strategy for the most critical-layers. Because the 193nm EAPSM is a relative new technology in the semiconductor industry, it is important for us to understand the key-mask-specifications in a 193nm EAPSM and their impact to the wafer process windows. In this paper, we studied the effects of phase-angle and transmission to the wafer process window of a 193nm-EAPSM in a 300mm wafer-manufacturing environment. We first fabricated a special multi-phase EAPSM by a combination of extra Quartz-etch and Mosi-removal. We then used a high NA 193nm scanner (ASML-ALTA1100) and high contrast resist to perform the wafer-level printing study. To fully understand the impact of phase-angle and transmission to wafer process windows, we also used AIMS (Aerial-Image Measurement System) and Prolith simulation software to study the lithographic performances of various phase-angle and transmission combinations. By combining the wafer-level resist imaging printing results, AIMS studies and Prolith-2 lithography simulations, we proposed the practical phase-angle and transmission specifications for the 90nm-node wafer process.
Overview and Guidance on Agile Development in Large Organizations (2011)

A continual debate surrounds the effectiveness of agile software development practices. Some organizations adopt agile practices to become more competitive, improve processes, and reduce costs. Other organizations are skeptical about whether agile development is beneficial. Large organizations face an additional challenge in integrating agile practices with existing standards and business processes. To examine the effects of agile development practices in large organizations, we review and integrate scientific literature and theory on agile software development. We further organize our theory and observations into a framework with guidelines for large organizations considering agile methodologies. Based on this framework, we present recommendations that suggest ways large organizations with established processes can successfully implement agile practices. Our analysis of the literature and theory provides new insight for researchers of agile software development and assists practitioners in determining how to adopt agile development in their organizations.
Quantifying hydraulically induced fracture height and density from rapid time-lapse distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data (2020)

Several recent studies have advanced the use of time-lapse distributed acoustic sensing vertical seismic profile data in horizontal wells for determining hydraulically stimulated fracture properties. Hydraulic fracturing in a horizontal well typically generates vertical fractures in the rock medium around each stage. We have modeled the hydraulically stimulated formation with vertical fracture sets about the lateral wellbore as a horizontally transverse isotropic medium. Rock-physics modeling is used to relate the anisotropy parameters to the fracture properties. This modeling is used to develop an inversion for compressional wave time delay to the fracture height and density of each stage. Field data from two horizontal wells are analyzed, and the fracture height evaluated using this technique is consistent with the microseismic analysis.
A Busy Professor's Guide to Sanely Flipping Your Classroom: Bringing active learning to your teaching practice (2020)

The "flipped classroom" has become a popular teaching method. Students watch video lectures before class, saving time for active learning (problem solving, demonstrations, applications, and so forth). This article provides a useful guide for busy professors who would like to try the flipped-classroom approach. Recommendations for four teaching components are given: 1) planning the flipped classroom, 2) video lectures, 3) active learning, and 4) student-centered formative assessment. It includes suggestions for getting started with the flipped-teaching method, case studies from electromagnetics (EM), and feedback from students about the resources they find most useful, their comfort level with asking questions, and their opinions of the flipped class during the semester. Training materials for flipping your classroom (or helping others do so) are available at http://teach-flip.utah.edu.
Design considerations for transmission x-ray tubes operated at diagnostic energies (2000)

A low-energy expansion of the EGS4 Monte Carlo code system was used in studies that aimed to understand photon production in transmission target x-ray tubes. In each case, foil targets were modelled with incident electrons of a few tens of keV. The production of bremsstrahlung and fluorescence radiation at different depths was studied and the angular distribution of radiation analysed. The characteristics of x-ray spectra measured along the beam path, for targets of different materials, thicknesses and several beam energies have been determined and the relation between efficiency and the fluorescence-to-bremsstrahlung ratio is shown.
Processing and Modeling Issues for Thin-Film Solar Cell Devices: Annual Subcontract Report, 16 January 1993 - 15 January 1994 (1994)

The overall objective of the research presented in this report is to advance the development and acceptance of thin-film photovoltaic modules by increasing the understanding of film growth and processing and its relationship to materials properties and solar cell performance. The specific means toward meeting this larger goal include: (1) investigating scalable, cost-effective deposition processes; (2) preparing thin-film materials and device layers and completed cell structures; (3) performing detailed material and device analysis; and (4) participating in collaborative research efforts that address the needs of PV-manufacturers. These objectives are being pursued with CuInSe{sub 2}, CdTe and a-Si based solar cells.
Low-temperature ion mixing of yttrium and silicon (1990)

Ion mixing of yttrium and amorphous silicon bilayers was measured as a function of fluence and temperature using 600-keV Xe++ ions between 80 and 498 K. At 80 K the mixing rate was in excellent agreement with a theoretical model based on thermal spike mixing. For temperatures up to ≊372 K, the temperature-dependent contributions accounted for less than 50% of the overall mixing rate. For mixing at or above 400 K, our results revealed the formation of an ion-beam-induced orthorhombic Y-Si phase, which is not normally formed during thermal anneals of such bilayers.
Solid Phase synthesis of Amides Using Mukaiyama'S Reagent (2003)

A new solid-phase synthetic method using Mukaiyama's reagent under mild conditions is reported to prepare amides in high purity without purification after cleavage from the resins.
Sexually transmitted founder HIV-1 viruses are relatively resistant to Langerhans cell-mediated restriction (2019)

A single HIV-1 variant establishes infection of the host after sexual contact. Identifying the phenotypic characteristics of these Transmitted Founder (T/F) viruses is important to understand the restriction mechanisms during transmission. Langerhans cells (LCs) are the mucosal dendritic cell subset that has been shown to have a protective role in HIV-1 transmission. Immature LCs efficiently capture and degrade HIV-1 via langerin-mediated restriction. Here we have investigated the capacity of T/F HIV-1 strains to infect mucosal Langerhans cells (LCs). Notably, most T/F variants efficiently infected immature LCs derived from skin and vaginal tissue in contrast to chronic HIV-1 laboratory strains. Next we screened a panel of T/F viruses and their matched 6-month consensus sequence viruses. Interestingly most T/F variants infected immature LCs whereas donor-matched 6-month consensus sequence viruses had lost the ability to infect LCs. However, we also identified 6-month consensus sequence viruses that had retained an ability to infect LCs similar to that of the donor-matched T/F virus. Moreover, some T/F viruses and 6-month consensus sequence viruses were unable to infect immature LCs. Further analyses indicated that T/F viruses are less sensitive to langerin-mediated restriction. These data suggest that T/F HIV-1 variants have the ability to infect immature LCs, which will facilitate transmission.
Genome-Wide Survey and Expression Profiling of CCCH-Zinc Finger Family Reveals a Functional Module in Macrophage Activation (2008)

Previously, we have identified a novel CCCH zinc finger protein family as negative regulators of macrophage activation. To gain an overall insight into the entire CCCH zinc finger gene family and to evaluate their potential role in macrophage activation, here we performed a genome-wide survey of CCCH zinc finger genes in mouse and human. Totally 58 CCCH zinc finger genes in mouse and 55 in human were identified and most of them have not been reported previously. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the mouse CCCH family was divided into 6 groups. Meanwhile, we employed quantitative real-time PCR to profile their tissue expression patterns in adult mice. Clustering analysis showed that most of CCCH genes were broadly expressed in all of tissues examined with various levels. Interestingly, several CCCH genes Mbnl3, Zfp36l2, Zfp36, Zc3h12a, Zc3h12d, Zc3h7a and Leng9 were enriched in macrophage-related organs such as thymus, spleen, lung, intestine and adipose. Consistently, a comprehensive assessment of changes in expression of the 58 members of the mouse CCCH family during macrophage activation also revealed that these CCCH zinc finger genes were associated with the activation of bone marrow-derived macrophages by lipopolysaccharide. Taken together, this study not only identified a functional module of CCCH zinc finger genes in the regulation of macrophage activation but also provided the framework for future studies to dissect the function of this emerging gene family.
Assessing the Integration of Software Agents and Industrial Automation Systems with ISO/IEC 25010 (2018)

Agent-technologies have been used for higher-level decision making in addition to carrying out lower-level automation and control functions in industrial systems. Recent research has identified a number of architectural patterns for the use of agents in industrial automation systems but these practices vary in several ways, including how closely agents are coupled with physical systems and their control functions. Such practices may play a pivotal role in the Cyber-Physical System integration and interaction. Hence, there is a clear need for a common set of criteria for assessing available practices and identifying a bestfit practice for a given industrial use case. Unfortunately, no such common criteria exist currently. This work proposes an assessment criteria approach as well as a methodology to enable the use case based selection of a best practice for integrating agents and industrial systems. The software product quality model proposed by the ISO/IEC 25010 family of standards is used as starting point and is put in the industrial automation context. Subsequently, the proposed methodology is applied, and a survey of experts in the domain is carried out, in order to reveal some insights on the key characteristics of the subject matter.