gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Renewable Thiol‐Yne “Click” Networks Based on Fractionated Lignin for Anticorrosive Protective Film Applications (2022)

Abstract The synthesis of novel, renewable lignin‐based protective films with anticorrosive properties is presented in this work. Thermosetting films are prepared by means of tandem UV‐initiated thiol‐yne “click” synthesis and Claisen rearrangement strategy. These films contain high lignin loading, 46–61%, originating from a nickel‐catalyzed birch wood reductive catalytic fractionation (RCF) process. Lignin fractions with varying monomer content are compared before resins preparation, namely a mixture of monomers and oligomers without fractionation, or after fractionation via extraction and membrane separation. This study aims to determine if the separation of lignin monomers and oligomers is necessary for the application as a thermosetting resin. The resulting films exhibit remarkable adhesion to a metal surface and excellent solvent resistance, even after exposure to a corrosive environment. Moreover, those films show superior barrier properties, studied with odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ORP EIS). After 21 days of exposure, the examined films still show impressive high corrosion protection with the low‐frequency impedance ≈10 10 Ω cm 2 and capacitive behavior. This work demonstrates an interesting proof‐of‐concept where laborious, costly, and energy‐intensive separation of the depolymerized lignin mixture of monomers and oligomers is not necessary for the successful resin synthesis with excellent properties using the applied synthetic strategy.
Semirigid Instrumentation in the Management of Lumbar Spinal Conditions Combined With Circumferential Fusion (1996)

This technique produces a satisfactory fusion rate (97%) and a good clinical outcome based on pain reduction and return to a satisfactory level of activity (77%). It is associated with few, but significant, complications that compare well with other reported series in a difficult group of patients. This procedure should be reserved for patients who are considered to be at high risk for not achieving spinal fusion.
Cellular integration with a subretinal honeycomb-shaped prosthesis (2022)

Abstract In patients blinded by geographic atrophy, subretinal photovoltaic implant with 100µm pixels provided visual acuity closely matching the pixel pitch. However, such flat bipolar pixels cannot be scaled below 75µm, limiting the attainable visual acuity. This limitation can be overcome by shaping the electric field with 3-dimensional electrodes. In particular, elevating the return electrode on top of honeycomb-shaped vertical walls surrounding each pixel extends the electric field vertically and decouples its penetration into tissue from the pixel width. This approach relies on migration of the retinal cells into the honeycomb wells. Here, we demonstrate that the majority of the inner retinal neurons migrate into 25µm deep wells, leaving the third-order neurons, such as amacrine and ganglion cells, outside. This is important for selective stimulation of the second-order neurons to preserve the retinal signal processing in prosthetic vision. Comparable glial response to that with flat implants suggests that migration and separation of the retinal cells by the walls does not cause additional stress. Furthermore, retinal migration into the honeycombs does not negatively affect its electrical excitability.
T‐Jump/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry for time‐resolved analysis of energetic materials (2008)

We describe a new T-Jump/time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometer for the time-resolved analysis of rapid pyrolysis chemistry of solids and liquids, with a focus on energetic materials. The instrument employs a thin wire substrate which can be coated with the material of interest, and can be rapidly heated (10(5) K/s). The T-Jump probe is inserted within the extraction region of a linear TOF mass spectrometer, which enables multiple spectra to be obtained during a single reaction event. By monitoring the electrical characteristics of the heated wire, the temperature could also be obtained and correlated to the mass spectra. As examples, we present time-resolved spectra for the ignition of nitrocellulose and RDX. The fidelity of the instrument is demonstrated in the spectra presented which show the temporal formation and decay of several species in both systems. The simultaneous measurement of temperature enables us to extract the ignition temperature and the characteristic reaction time. The time-resolved mass spectra obtained show that these solid energetic material reactions, under a rapid heating rate, can occur on a time scale of milliseconds or less. While the data sampling rate of 10,000 Hz was used in the present experiments, the instrument is capable of a maximum scanning rate of up to approximately 30 kHz. The capability of high-speed time-resolved measurements offers an additional analytical tool for the characterization of the decomposition, ignition, and combustion of energetic materials.
DIRECT OVERWRITE BY LEAKAGE FIELD MODULATION OF THE THERMO-MAGNETIC BIASING LAYER (1991)

Feasibility of a novel single-beam overwrite method is discussed. The idea is to modulate the leakage field (H1) from the thermo-magnetic biasing layer with laser power. H1 modulation is based on the different thermal response between the biasing layer and the storage layer, and on the steep spatial change of the magnetization in the biasing layer. The estimated H1 is regarded as adequate to overwrite saturated domains.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF UNSATURATED ALIPHATIC AND ARYLALKYL ALCOHOLS BY PEROXYDISULFATE. INTRAMOLECULAR CYCLIZATION OF ALKOXYL RADICALS (1980)

Abstract Die Oxidation sowohl des Alkohols (Ia) als auch (Ib) mit dem System Na,S2O8 ‐AgNO3 in H 2 SO 4 und in Gegenwart heteroaromatischer Basen wie z.B. (II) ergibt die Tetrahydrofuran‐ und ‐pyranderivate (III) und (IV) im Verhältnis 90: l0 bzw. 95 :5, wobei (IIIb) als Diastereomerengemisch vorliegt, obwohl aus der Reaktion von (Ib) überwiegend hexacyclische Ether erwartet werden.
Enhanced Splicing of the First Intron from the Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH) Primary Transcript Is a Prerequisite for Mature GnRH Messenger RNA: Presence of GnRH Neuron-Specific Splicing Factors (1999)

The rat GnRH gene consists of four short exons (denoted 1, 2, 3, and 4) and three introns (A, B, and C). All three introns are spliced from the primary transcript, resulting in a mature mRNA. Northern blot and RT-PCR analyses showed that the GnRH primary transcript and its splicing intermediates are more prevalent than the mature GnRH mRNA in a variety of non-GnRH-producing tissues. To delineate the possible splicing mechanism of introns, an in vitro HeLa splicing system was used. Introns B and C were efficiently spliced, while intron A spanning between exon 1 and exon 2 was not. The retention of intron A was relieved when the 5′- and/or 3′-splice sites of intron A were point mutated based on the consensus sequence. The splicing activity was even more strengthened when a putative branchpoint site was moved to the upstream region of the pyrimidine tract of intron A. Intron A could be partially spliced when whole exons (2, 3, and 4) were linked up with intron A. There are two putative exonic splicing enhancers (ESEs) in exon 3 and exon 4. The ESE on exon 4 (ESE4) is much stronger than that on exon 3. The closer the ESE4 to the 3′-splice site of intron A, the better the splicing activity became. However, in the presence of the nuclear extract from GnRH neurons, there was an enhancement in the splicing activity notwithstanding the distance between ESE4 and 3′-splice site of intron A. These results suggest that the ESE4 functions as both the constitutive and regulated enhancer. Collectively, our study provides evidence that enhanced splicing of intron A by putative GnRH neuron-specific splicing factor(s) interacting with the ESEs is a prerequisite for mature GnRH synthesis.
Degradable alginate hydrogels crosslinked by the macromolecular crosslinker alginate dialdehyde (2012)

Alginate dialdehyde (ADA) biopolymers possessing a degree of oxidation of either 10 or 50% (10-ADA and 50-ADA, respectively) were characterized using FTIR, XPS and SEC. The aldehyde vibrational mode at 1740 cm−1 was observed only in ADA which had been equilibrated under ambient conditions while dry samples did not display this band. Spectral changes, both FTIR and XPS, were consistent with formation of hemiacetal moieties. The two types of ADA (10-ADA and 50-ADA) were used as macromolecular crosslinkers to form labile covalent crosslinks in alginate hydrogels. The compositions and properties of the hydrogels were explored through measurement of water uptake and stability in aqueous solution, and characterising the internal structure and mechanical properties by cryogenic scanning electron microscopy and tensile testing, respectively. A decrease in water content was observed when using 50-ADA as compared to 10-ADA correlating with a higher number of crosslinks formed in the hydrogel incorporating 50-ADA. Water uptake also correlated with the amount of 50-ADA incorporated. All ADA–alginate hydrogels displayed short term stability of 3 days after immersion in aqueous solution. The stability of the 50-ADA containing hydrogel was enhanced by introducing ionic crosslinking. Tensile properties of the hydrogels were found to be dependent on the overall polymer density and uniformity of the crosslinking.
New recommended policies for pathogen surveillance testing of researchers and improved stewardship of diagnostic DNA (2020)

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has brought about the unprecedented expansion of highly sensitive molecular diagnostics as a primary infection control strategy. At the same time, many laboratories have shifted focus to SARS-CoV-2 research and diagnostic development, leading to large-scale production of nucleic acids that can interfere with these tests. We have identified multiple instances, in independent laboratories, in which nucleic acids generated in research settings are suspected to have caused researchers to test positive for SARS-CoV-2 in surveillance testing. In some cases, the affected individuals did not work directly with these nucleic acids, but were exposed via a contaminated surface or object. Though researchers have long been vigilant of DNA contaminants, the transfer of these contaminants in SARS-CoV-2 testing samples results in anomalous test results. The impact of these stretches into the public sphere, placing additional burdens on public health resources, placing affected researchers and their contacts in quarantine, and carrying the potential to trigger shutdowns of classrooms and workplaces. We report our observations as a call for increased stewardship over nucleic acids with the potential to impact both use and development of diagnostics. These experiences highlight a neglected aspect of the test, trace, isolate public health strategy for managing COVID-19: we cannot easily identify and diagnose an erroneous test result. To prevent undue personal and economic strain and maintain faith in the testing process, we propose: a test, isolate, verify, and trace approach to COVID-19 diagnosis in research and clinical diagnostic workplaces.
Ocular Distribution of Difluprednate Ophthalmic Emulsion 0.05% in Rabbits (2010)

After instillation of (3)H-DFBA ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% in rabbit eyes, radioactivity was distributed at the anterior segment and cleared rapidly. Some radioactivity was detected in the posterior retina/choroid, suggesting that difluprednate and its metabolites reach these tissues. These results suggest that difluprednate delivered as a topical ophthalmic emulsion reached the anterior and posterior segments of the eye quickly and may be a potential treatment for ocular inflammation in these areas.
The lectin-like protein 1 in Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 mediates tissue-specific adherence to vaginal epithelium and inhibits urogenital pathogens (2016)

The probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GR-1 has been documented to survive implantation onto the vaginal epithelium and interfere with urogenital pathogens. However, the molecular mechanisms involved are largely unknown. Here, we report for the first time the construction of dedicated knock-out mutants in L. rhamnosus GR-1 to enable the study of gene functions. In a search for genes responsible for the adherence capacity of L. rhamnosus GR-1, a genomic region encoding a protein with homology to lectin-like proteins was identified. Phenotypic analyses of the knock-out mutant of L. rhamnosus GR-1 revealed a two-fold decreased adhesion to the vaginal and ectocervical epithelial cell lines compared to wild-type. In contrast, the adhesion to gastro-intestinal epithelial (Caco2) and endocervical cell lines (Hela and End1/E6E7) was not drastically affected by the mutation, suggesting that the LGR-1_Llp1 lectins mediates tissue tropism. The purified LGR-1_Llp1 protein also inhibited biofilm formation and adhesion of uropathogenic Escherichia coli. For the first time, an important role for a novel lectin-like protein in the adhesion capacity and host cell-specific interaction of a vaginal probiotic Lactobacillus strain has been discovered, with an additional role in pathogen inhibition.
Implementation Issues in Modern Cache Memory (1998)

Abstract|As the performance gap between processors and main memory continues to widen, increasingly aggressive implementations of cache memories are needed to bridge the gap. In this paper, we consider some of the issues that are involved in the implementation of highly optimized cache memories and survey the techniques that can be used to help achieve the increasingly stringent design targets and constraints of modern processors. In particular, we consider techniques that enable the cache to be accessed quickly and still achieve a good hit ratio. We also consider issues such as area cost and bandwidth requirements. Trace-driven simu-lations of a TPC-C-like workload and selected applications from the SPEC95 benchmark suite are used in the paper to compare the performance of some of the techniques.
Low Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Is Associated with Increased Risk of the Development of the Metabolic Syndrome at Five Years: Results from a National, Population-Based Prospective Study (The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study: AusDiab) (2012)

In Australian adults, lower 25(OH)D concentrations were associated with increased MetS risk and higher WC, serum triglyceride, fasting glucose, and insulin resistance at 5 yr. Vitamin D supplementation studies are required to establish whether the link between vitamin D deficiency and MetS is causal.
Security Concerns in 3G Networks. (2001)

The objective of this study was to develop a means of identifying and analyzing mycoplasma gene regulatory elements. Analysis of Acholeplasma oculi ISM1499 transcriptional sequences was accomplished using a promoterless lacZ reporter gene and an integrative vector strategy. Seven promoter-containing fragments were identified, levels of beta-galactosidase were determined, and transcriptional start sites were mapped.
Direct N-Acetyl Enamine Formation:  Lithium Bromide Mediated Addition of Methyllithium to Nitriles (2006)

An improved protocol for N-acetyl enamine formation is disclosed which involves LiBr-mediated addition of MeLi to substituted nitriles. The resulting enamides are isolated in high yields and excellent purity which permits subsequent hydrogenation at very low catalyst loading.
Enhanced guided bone regeneration by controlled tetracycline release from poly(L‐lactide) barrier membranes (2000)

With the aim of providing effective periodontal therapeutic modality, drug-releasing membranes for guided tissue regeneration (GTR) were developed. As GTR membranes, biodegradable barrier membranes composed of porous poly(L-lactide) (PLLA) films cast on poly(glycolide) (PGA) meshes were fabricated using an in-air drying phase inversion technique. PLLA was dissolved in methylene chloride-ethylacetate mixtures, cast on knitted PGA mesh, and then air-dried. Tetracycline, which is used in periodontal therapy because of its antibacterial activity and tissue regenerating effects, including osteoblast chemotactic effect and anti-collagenolytic activity, was incorporated into the membranes by adding it to PLLA solutions. The guided bone regenerating potential of tetracycline-loaded membranes was evaluated using release kinetics both in vitro and in vivo, biodegradation tests, and cell attachment tests. Homogeneous pores were generated both at the surface and in a sublayer of the membranes. The release kinetics of tetracycline depended mainly upon the hydrophilicity of tetracycline and the porosity of the membrane. The release rate further could be controlled by loaded drug contents. The release of tetracycline was appropriate for maintaining anti-microbial activity and for its tissue-regenerating potential. The membranes retained a proper degradation property, maintaining their mechanical integrity for the barrier function for 4 weeks. Tetracycline-loaded membranes induced increased cell attachment levels compared with those of unloaded membranes. Tetracycline-loaded membranes markedly increased new bone formation in rat calvarial defects and induced bony reunion after 2 weeks of implantation. These results suggest that tetracycline-loaded PLLA membranes potentially enhance guided tissue regenerative efficacy. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 51, 391–397, 2000.
Dimer vacancies and dimer-vacancy complexes on the Si(100) surface (1993)

Ab initio total-energy calculations are performed using a conjugate-gradients minimization technique to calculate the properties of various dimer vacancies and dimer-vacancy complexes on the Si(100) surface. A dimer vacancy is found to be a much more probable intrinsic defect for this surface than the recently proposed dimer interstitial. Two mechanisms are identified that contribute to the low formation energy and stability of dimer vacancies on the surface: (i) the need to eliminate dangling bonds in the second layer and (ii) the need for atoms to readjust in order to relax the strain. The results of the calculations provide a good quantitative explanation of the major features of scanning-tunnel-microscopy images obtained from the Si(100) surface. These include the abundance of dimer vacancies, the tendency of dimer vacancies to cluster, and the details of the nonthermal population distribution of distinctive vacancy complexes.
Sub-100-nW-threshold Raman silicon laser designed by a machine-learning method that optimizes the product of the cavity Q-factors (2021)

Raman silicon lasers based on photonic crystal nanocavities with a threshold of several hundred microwatts for continuous-wave lasing have been realized. In particular, the threshold depends on the degree of confinement of the excitation light and the Raman scattering light in the two nanocavity modes. Here, we report lower threshold values for Raman silicon nanocavity lasers achieved by increasing the quality (Q) factors of the two cavity modes. By using an optimization method based on machine learning, we first increase the product of the two theoretical Q values by a factor of 17.0 compared to the conventional cavity. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that, on average, the actually achieved product is more than 2.5 times larger than that of the conventional cavity. The input-output characteristic of a Raman laser with a threshold of 90 nW is presented and the lowest threshold obtained in our experiments is 40 nW.
Observation study on Asian patients taking imatinib mesylate in comparison to published data focusing on dosage and adverse events (2005)

6727 Background: Studies done mainly in Western communities have clearly described the dose, response and side effects of imatinib mesylate. There is little published data on Asian/Oriental patients. We have observed differences in our patients. Thus, a retrospective study was done. Methods: Retrospectively data on all patients treated between January 2002 to November 2004 were analysed for treatment response, dosage and side effects. Results: Forty-one patients had chronic myeloid leukaemia. 12 patients were in chronic phase. 19 patients were in accelerated phase. 10 patients were in blast crisis. 3 patients had GIST. Thirty patients are ethnic Chinese, 13 Malays and 1 Indian. 6 of 10 assessable patients in chronic phase achieved a complete haematological response. 3 had a pancytopenic response. Of 4 patients tested for cytogenetic remission, there were 1 complete and 2 partial cytogenetic response. The mean dose was 415 mg daily. Of 19 patients with accelerated phase, 13 had complete and 5 pancytopenic response. Three patients had a complete cytogenetic response, 5 patients a partial response and 4 patients did not have any cytogenetic response out of 12 patients tested. Of note 1 patient who weight 39 kg is still having a severe pancytopenic response 20 months on imatinib 100 mg daily. All 10 patients with blast crisis did not achieve any significant response. Skin depigmentation was seen in 25 of 27 assessable patients. No patient developed vertiligo. Weight gain was seen in 20 patients, averaging 3 kilogram. Fluid retention was noted in 5 patients. Conclusions: The Asian/Oriental patients in chronic phase are able to tolerate over 400 mg of imatinib. Similar haematological and cytogenetic responses have been obtained as compared to published data. We describe generalised skin depigmentation in 24 of 26 patients assessed, in contrast to published series. The skin change is gradual and is generally noted after 2–3 months of imatinib and the fairness stablise about 6 to 12 months and the depigmentation/ fairness does not progress further. No patient has vertiligo. The weight increase only in the first 3–6 months and then stablises. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Continuous Electrical Tuning of the Chemical Composition of TaOx-Based Memristors (2012)

TaO(x)-based memristors have recently demonstrated both subnanosecond resistance switching speeds and very high write/erase switching endurance. Here we show that the physical state variable that enables these properties is the oxygen concentration in a conduction channel, based on the measurement of the thermal coefficient of resistance of different TaO(x) memristor states and a set of reference Ta-O films of known composition. The continuous electrical tunability of the oxygen concentration in the channel, with a resolution of a few percent, was demonstrated by controlling the write currents with a one transistor-one memristor (1T1M) circuit. This study demonstrates that solid-state chemical kinetics is important for the determination of the electrical characteristics of this relatively new class of device.
Performance analysis of spatial reuse mode in millimeter-wave WPAN systems with multiple links (2008)

This paper presents the results of the spatial reuse mode performance analysis for millimeter-wave (mmWave) WPAN systems with steerable high-directional antennas. The practical approach to the spatial reuse problem solution is proposed and two spatial scheduling algorithms for spatial reuse mode implementation are presented. The system level simulations are used to estimate the performance of the proposed algorithms. It is demonstrated that the introduction of the spatial reuse mode for the indoor mmWave WPAN system with 8 parallel communication links will increase the overall mmWave WPAN system throughput in 3-5 times in comparison with conventional time division mode.