gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from PlGF/VEGFR-1 Signaling Promotes Macrophage Polarization and Accelerated Tumor Progression in Obesity (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Purpose:&lt;/b&gt; Obesity promotes pancreatic and breast cancer progression via mechanisms that are poorly understood. Although obesity is associated with increased systemic levels of placental growth factor (PlGF), the role of PlGF in obesity-induced tumor progression is not known. PlGF and its receptor VEGFR-1 have been shown to modulate tumor angiogenesis and promote tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) recruitment and activity. Here, we hypothesized that increased activity of PlGF/VEGFR-1 signaling mediates obesity-induced tumor progression by augmenting tumor angiogenesis and TAM recruitment/activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Experimental Design:&lt;/b&gt; We established diet-induced obese mouse models of wild-type C57BL/6, VEGFR-1 tyrosine kinase (TK)-null, or PlGF-null mice, and evaluated the role of PlGF/VEGFR-1 signaling in pancreatic and breast cancer mouse models and in human samples.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; We found that obesity increased TAM infiltration, tumor growth, and metastasis in pancreatic cancers, without affecting vessel density. Ablation of VEGFR-1 signaling prevented obesity-induced tumor progression and shifted the tumor immune environment toward an antitumor phenotype. Similar findings were observed in a breast cancer model. Obesity was associated with increased systemic PlGF, but not VEGF-A or VEGF-B, in pancreatic and breast cancer patients and in various mouse models of these cancers. Ablation of PlGF phenocopied the effects of VEGFR-1-TK deletion on tumors in obese mice. PlGF/VEGFR-1-TK deletion prevented weight gain in mice fed a high-fat diet, but exacerbated hyperinsulinemia. Addition of metformin not only normalized insulin levels but also enhanced antitumor immunity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;Conclusions:&lt;/b&gt; Targeting PlGF/VEGFR-1 signaling reprograms the tumor immune microenvironment and inhibits obesity-induced acceleration of tumor progression. &lt;i&gt;Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 2993–3004. ©2016 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Selective Vulnerability of Striatal D2 versus D1 Dopamine Receptor-Expressing Medium Spiny Neurons in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Male Mice (2017)

Despite marked regional differences in HIV susceptibility within the CNS, there has been surprisingly little exploration into the differential vulnerability among neuron types and the circuits they underlie. The dorsal striatum is especially susceptible, harboring high viral loads and displaying marked neuropathology, with motor impairment a frequent manifestation of chronic infection. However, little is known about the response of individual striatal neuron types to HIV or how this disrupts function. Therefore, we investigated the morphological and electrophysiological effects of HIV-1 <i>trans</i>-activator of transcription (Tat) in dopamine subtype 1 (D1) and dopamine subtype 2 (D2) receptor-expressing striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) by breeding transgenic Tat-expressing mice to <i>Drd1a</i>-tdTomato- or <i>Drd2</i>-eGFP-reporter mice. An additional goal was to examine neuronal vulnerability early during the degenerative process to gain insight into key events underlying the neuropathogenesis. In D2 MSNs, exposure to HIV-1 Tat reduced dendritic spine density significantly, increased dendritic damage (characterized by swellings/varicosities), and dysregulated neuronal excitability (decreased firing at 200-300 pA and increased firing rates at 450 pA), whereas insignificant morphologic and electrophysiological consequences were observed in Tat-exposed D1 MSNs. These changes were concomitant with an increased anxiety-like behavioral profile (lower latencies to enter a dark chamber in a light-dark transition task, a greater frequency of light-dark transitions, and reduced rearing time in an open field), whereas locomotor behavior was unaffected by 2 weeks of Tat induction. Our findings suggest that D2 MSNs and a specific subset of neural circuits within the dorsal striatum are preferentially vulnerable to HIV-1.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> Despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), neurocognitive disorders afflict 30-50% of HIV-infected individuals and synaptodendritic injury remains evident in specific brain regions such as the dorsal striatum. A possible explanation for the sustained neuronal injury is that the neurotoxic HIV-1 regulatory protein <i>trans</i>-activator of transcription (Tat) continues to be expressed in virally suppressed patients on cART. Using inducible Tat-expressing transgenic mice, we found that dopamine subtype 2 (D2) receptor-expressing medium spiny neurons (MSNs) are selectively vulnerable to Tat exposure compared with D1 receptor-expressing MSNs. This includes Tat-induced reductions in D2 MSN dendritic spine density, increased dendritic damage, and disruptions in neuronal excitability, which coincide with elevated anxiety-like behavior. These data suggest that D2 MSNs and specific circuits within the basal ganglia are preferentially vulnerable to HIV-1.
Medicine Use by Finnish Female Conscripts during Voluntary Military Service (2006)

Finnish female conscripts commonly use prescribed and nonprescribed medicines. The importance of sufficient medication information for female conscripts is emphasized.
PILOT STUDY ON LIGHT DOSIMETRY FOR ENDOBRONCHIAL PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY (1993)

Endobronchial photodynamic therapy (EB-PDT) using photofrin as the photosensitizer is currently being evaluated as a new treatment modality for inoperable endobronchial tumors. One of the current problems with EB-PDT is the lack of adequate light dosimetry, which hampers proper interpretation of treatment results. In this study exploratory light dosimetry experiments were performed in plastic bronchus models using either a microlens-tipped fiber (suitable for illumination of small superficial tumors) or a cylindrical diffuser fiber (suitable for intraluminal illumination or interstitial illumination of partially obstructing tumors). It is shown that the light fluence prescriptions of current clinical protocols yield a different fluence in tissue for each illumination modality. Depending on the actual placement of the cylindrical diffuser within the lumen, the light fluence at 5 mm depth in the homogeneous tissue model may vary by a factor of 3. The results were confirmed by in vivo experiments in the trachea of a pig. There is a possibility of enhanced tissue response by accidental hyperthermia induced during EB-PDT. The temperature rise was therefore estimated in vivo using a rat tumor model to mimic clinical EB-PDT. Temperature rises of at least 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C can be expected for intraluminal and intratumoral illumination, respectively, at 3.5 +/- 1 mm depth in tissue and 400 mW/cm diffuser output. Light fluence and its distribution in the bronchus strongly depend on the geometry and the optical properties of the tissue as well as on the technique of illumination. As a result of inadequate dosimetry, significant variations in treatment response between patients may be expected.
ChemInform Abstract: AUGER ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY OF CLEANUP‐RELATED CONTAMINATION ON SILICON SURFACES (1975)

Abstract Auger‐elektronenspektroskopisch wird der chemische Zustand von Si‐(111)‐Flächen , die durch verschiedene flüssige Reagenzien, Ionenzerstäubung und Plasmabehandlung gereinigt wurden, untersucht.
Co-processing of Biocrudes in Oil Refineries (2022)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEHighlightNEXTCo-processing of Biocrudes in Oil RefineriesChristian Lindfors*Christian LindforsVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Post Office Box 1000, FI-02044Espoo, Finland*E-mail: [email protected]More by Christian Lindforshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6074-2861, Douglas C. ElliottDouglas C. ElliottPacific Northwest National Laboratory, Post Office Box 999, Richland, Washington99352, United StatesMore by Douglas C. Elliotthttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-2807-4648, Wolter PrinsWolter PrinsThermochemical Conversion of Biomass Research Group, Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, B-9000Ghent, BelgiumMore by Wolter Prins, Anja OasmaaAnja OasmaaVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Post Office Box 1000, FI-02044Espoo, FinlandMore by Anja Oasmaahttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-4524-8002, and Juha LehtonenJuha LehtonenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Post Office Box 1000, FI-02044Espoo, FinlandMore by Juha Lehtonenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6200-3213Cite this: Energy Fuels 2023, 37, 2, 799–804Publication Date (Web):December 29, 2022Publication History Received17 December 2022Published online29 December 2022Published inissue 19 January 2023https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.2c04238Copyright © Published 2022 by American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views2034Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Biofuels,Catalysts,Fossil fuels,Lipids,Oxygen Get e-Alerts
Stitchr: stitching coding TCR nucleotide sequences from V/J/CDR3 information (2021)

Abstract The study and manipulation of T cell receptors (TCRs) is central to multiple fields across basic and translational immunology research. Produced by V(D)J recombination, TCRs are often only recorded in the literature and data repositories as a combination of their V and J gene symbols, plus their hypervariable CDR3 amino acid sequence. However, numerous applications require full-length coding nucleotide sequences. Here we present Stitchr, a software tool developed to specifically address this limitation. Given minimal V/J/CDR3 information, Stitchr produces complete coding sequences representing a fully spliced TCR cDNA. Due to its modular design, Stitchr can be used for TCR engineering using either published germline or novel/modified variable and constant region sequences. Sequences produced by Stitchr were validated by synthesizing and transducing TCR sequences into Jurkat cells, recapitulating the expected antigen specificity of the parental TCR. Using a companion script, Thimble, we demonstrate that Stitchr can process a million TCRs in under ten minutes using a standard desktop personal computer. By systemizing the production and modification of TCR sequences, we propose that Stitchr will increase the speed, repeatability, and reproducibility of TCR research. Stitchr is available on GitHub.
Rheological and electrical properties of modified bitumen (2010)

A pavement heating system was investigated as an alternative to chemical application on highway pavements. As a result, surface course asphalt mixes needed to be modified to develop improved electrical properties. The bituminous binder was outlined as that part of asphalt mixes that could be modified with filler-characterised additives. These additives included carbon black, pulverised fuel ash and iron powder. Samples were prepared and subjected to electrical tests in order to obtain the optimal additive content. The materials were subjected to rheological and electrical performance tests. Pulverised fuel ash had limited influence on the inherent electrical properties, although higher levels of substitution performed better than unmodified bitumen. The carbon black and iron powder were found to improve the capacitive and resistive properties of bitumen. Carbon black was found, however, to give the best predictability for in-service use for asphalt mixes with varying filler-to-bitumen ratios
Role of Self-focusing in Bright Coherent X-Ray Generation by Mid-Infrared Driving Lasers (2012)

We theoretically investigate the role of self-focusing in high harmonic generation in high pressure waveguides. Self-focusing can stabilize phase matching at higher pressures than predicted for full phase matching, further enhancing the flux.
Analyzing Topics and Sentiments from Twitter to Gain Insights to Refine Interventions for Family Caregivers of Persons with Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) During COVID-19 Pandemic (2022)

We randomly extracted Tweets mentioning dementia/Alzheimer's caregiving-related terms (n= 58,094) from Aug 23, 2019, to Sep 14, 2020, via an API. We applied a clustering algorithm and natural language processing (NLP) to publicly available English Tweets to detect topics and sentiment. We compared emotional valence scores of Tweets from before (through the end of 2019) and after the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-). Prevalence of topics related to caregiver emotional distress (e.g., depression, helplessness, stigma, loneliness, elder abuse) and caregiver coping (e.g., resilience, love, reading books) increased, and topics related to late-stage dementia caregiving (e.g., nursing home placement, hospice, palliative care) decreased during the pandemic. The mean emotional valence score significantly decreased from 1.18 (SD 1.57; range -7.1 to 7.9) to 0.86 (SD 1.57; range -5.5 to 6.85) after the advent of COVID-19 (difference -0.32 CI: -0.35, -0.29). The application of topic modeling and sentiment analysis to streaming social media provides a foundation for research insights regarding mental health needs for family caregivers of a person with ADRD during COVID-19 pandemic.
Physics of REB–Plasma Interaction (1982)

The results of the experimental study of the REB–plasma interaction in the two-stream instability regime are presented. The distribution function of plasma electrons has been studied with the use of the laser scattering system, soft X-ray diagnostics and a multifoil analyzer of fast electrons. It is shown that during an effective REB–plasma interaction the distribution function of heated electrons is strongly non-equilibrium. A high-energy part of the distribution function has been registered in the experiments simultaneously by three independent methods. The density of "hot" electrons with a characteristic energy of about 1 keV constitutes several per cent of the total plasma density. The experimental results obtained are discussed in terms of the two-stream instability of the REB in a plasma.
Kidney Research National Dialogue Overview and Commentary (2013)

The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) asked the scientific community to formulate and prioritize research objectives to improve understanding of kidney function and disease. The Kidney Research National Dialogue welcomed all interested parties to submit, discuss, and prioritize ideas via an interactive website. More than 1600 participants posted approximately 300 ideas and assigned them to 12 topic areas (AKI, CKD, diabetic nephropathy, National Kidney Disease Education Program/translation, ESRD/dialysis, GN/inflammation, hypertension, normal biology/development/physiology, polycystic kidney disease, training, transplantation, other). This commentary provides an overview of the NIDDK's first experience with web-based strategic planning and addresses the broader issues of open access and cloud-sourcing technologies to capture input from a large, heterogeneous group of contributors. Discussions and findings for each topic will be published as separate, forthcoming commentaries. A final commentary will present cross-cutting themes and concluding remarks. The hope is that this series of commentaries constitutes a cohesive, integrated vision of future research opportunities to be pursued by the kidney research community and supported by the NIDDK.
Supplementary Table S1 from Engineered anti-CD70 antibody-drug conjugate with increased therapeutic index (2023)

Supplementary Table S1 from Engineered anti-CD70 antibody-drug conjugate with increased therapeutic index
Understanding the effect of Na in improving the performance of Cu(InGa)Se<inf>2</inf>-based photovoltaics (2013)

The incorporation of Na into Cu(InGa)Se <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (CIGS) based absorber layers is critical for fabricating high efficiency photovoltaic devices. In the present study we show that Na transport through Mo and CIGS from soda-lime glass substrates takes place through the grain boundaries with oxygen playing a critical role. Device performance drops as the Na level in CIGS is reduced but recovers by mild air heat treatment implying that Na plays a major role at the junction and at CIGS grain boundaries within the depletion region. Finally, we present results on the use of NaF as a post-deposition Na source.
Excess Mucin Impairs Subglottic Epithelial Host Defense in Mechanically Ventilated Patients (2018)

Mechanical ventilation in the ICU is characterized by substantial mucin secretion and neutrophilic inflammation. Mucin impairs neutrophil function and promotes bacterial growth. Mucolytic agents reverse mucin-mediated neutrophil dysfunction. Enhanced mucus disruption and removal has potential to augment preventive benefits of subglottic drainage.
MORE: Mixed Optimization for Reverse Engineering—An Application to Modeling Biological Networks Response via Sparse Systems of Nonlinear Differential Equations (2012)

Reverse engineering is the problem of inferring the structure of a network of interactions between biological variables from a set of observations. In this paper, we propose an optimization algorithm, called MORE, for the reverse engineering of biological networks from time series data. The model inferred by MORE is a sparse system of nonlinear differential equations, complex enough to realistically describe the dynamics of a biological system. MORE tackles separately the discrete component of the problem, the determination of the biological network topology, and the continuous component of the problem, the strength of the interactions. This approach allows us both to enforce system sparsity, by globally constraining the number of edges, and to integrate a priori information about the structure of the underlying interaction network. Experimental results on simulated and real-world networks show that the mixed discrete/continuous optimization approach of MORE significantly outperforms standard continuous optimization and that MORE is competitive with the state of the art in terms of accuracy of the inferred networks.
Exploring Nature's plasticity with a flexible probing tool, and finding new ways for its electronic distribution (2002)

Concepts and results are described for the use of a single, but extremely flexible, probing tool to address a wide variety of genomic questions. This is achieved by transforming genomic questions into a software file that is used as the design scheme for potentially any genomic assay in a microarray format. Microarray fabrication takes place in three-dimensional microchannel reaction carriers by in situ synthesis based on spatial light modulation. This set-up allows for maximum flexibility in design and realization of genomic assays. Flexibility is achieved at the molecular, genomic and assay levels. We have applied this technology to expression profiling and genotyping experiments.
Pipelining designs with loop-carried dependencies (2005)

This work explores the reconfigurable dataflow approach in producing efficient hardware pipelines for programs with loop-carry dependencies in nested loops. Reconfigurable dataflow combines static and dynamic scheduling, and employs tagged tokens to enable reassembling of results which can retire out of order. The effectiveness of this approach is illustrated using a fractal set generator and a Newton-Raphson root polisher: implementations targeting Xilinx Virtex and Virtex-II FPGAs can run up to 55 times faster than hardware pipelines developed using other methods, at the expense of a 50% increase in area.
Reducing Aerodynamic Heating by the Opposing Jet in Supersonic and Hypersonic Flows (2010)

The opposing jet is proposed for aerodynamic heat reduction. In this study, the opposing jet has been applied to three nose configurations including the ogive body, the hemispherical nose cylinder and the ogive body with the extended nozzle, to investigate the effects of nose configuration for the opposing jet. Numerical studies have been implemented for the supersonic flow at M∞ = 3.98, and for the hypersonic flow at M∞ = 8.0. Consequently, the opposing jet reduces aerodynamic heating both in supersonic and hypersonic flows. The results also shows that there is a direct correlation between the nose configuration and the thermal protection effect of the opposing jet, and of all three configurations, the extended nozzle model is found to be the most efficient configuration. In addition, detail flow field analysis revealed that distinct correlations exist between shock stand-off distance and the momentum ratio, and between local maximum heat flux and local Reynolds number at the reattachment point for the cases of turbulent flow reattachment. As a conclusion, it has been found that recompressed shock management and local Reynolds number management are essential in order to reduce aerodynamic heating by the opposing jet.
Stabilization of Film Morphology in Polymer‐Fullerene Heterojunction Solar Cells (2004)

Abstract The fixation of film morphology is essential for the long‐term stability of heterojunction polymer photovoltaic (PV) cells. An epoxy‐functionalized fullerene C60 derivative was synthesized for this purpose. This material can be polymerized at acidic conditions and was found to stabilize the phase‐separated morphologies within blended polythiophene–fullerene heterojunction films. The phase stability of the films was characterized by UV‐VIS spectroscopy and optical microscope. Crosslinkable polythiophene derivatives were also prepared but these materials were much less effective in stabilizing film morphology when mixed into PCBM (C61‐butyric acid methyl ester). Heterojunction polymer PV cells were prepared from these materials and their performance was compared with cells made from conventional materials.
Measuring and developing suturing technique with a virtual reality surgical simulator11All authors, except Krummel, have an affiliation with Boston Dynamics Inc., an organization that has a financial interest in the editorial content discussed in the manuscript. (1999)

Data indicate differences between surgeon and nonsurgeon performance and in improvement in performance with training. One possible explanation for the superior performance of the surgeons is that their suturing skills applied well to the simulated suturing task. Additional research is required to confirm or deny the similarity between actual and simulated surgical tasks and the relevance of virtual reality surgical simulation to surgical skill assessment and training.