gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of breathable Janus superhydrophobic polyester fabrics using alkaline hydrolysis and blade coating (2018)

Alkaline hydrolysis is a common finishing method that is used to give polyester (polyethylene terephthalate, PET) a more natural touch and improved luster via chemical or physical changes in the fibers. However, its potential as a tool for surface modification in the development of single-sided superhydrophobic materials has not been studied yet. In this research, Janus superhydrophobic PET fabrics with asymmetric wetting properties (one side of the PET surface was rendered superhydrophobic while the other side was simply hydrophobic) were fabricated in two steps. Fine roughness was first achieved on the surface of PET fabrics by alkaline hydrolysis. Subsequently, optimized foam-coating emulsions were applied on only one surface of the alkaline-hydrolyzed PET. Alkaline treatment time, solution temperature, and viscosity of the foam-coating emulsions were varied to find optimal conditions in terms of structural changes, mechanical properties, superhydrophobicity, and absorption ability. The specimen treated with an aqueous solution of 8% sodium hydroxide at 70℃ for 60 min and coated with the mixture of the fluoro-emulsion and thickener in the volume ratio of 40:2 was determined to be the optimal conditions for the Janus superhydrophobic property. This sample showed a contact angle of 162.8° and a shedding angle of 5.6° on one side, whereas it completely permitted the percolation of water drops on the other side within 109 s. The mechanical properties of the developed Janus PET under the optimal conditions did not decrease significantly; its weight and tensile strength were found to have decreased by 3.3% and 19.2%, respectively. Furthermore, the single-sided superhydrophobic specimen demonstrated higher moisture transmissibility than the double-sided coated PET under the same alkaline treatment conditions. The method developed herein eliminates the requirement for an additional process to deliver nanoscale surface roughness and has the potential to produce waterproof–breathable PET fabrics for outdoor clothing.
Molecular adaptation and resilience of the insect’s nuclear receptor USP (2012)

In order to explain the episodic mode of evolution of USP, we propose a model in which the molecular adaptation of this protein is seen as a process of resilience for the maintenance of the ecdysone receptor functionality.
Neonatal RIFLE (2013)

A standardized classification of acute kidney injury (AKI) has recently been proposed with the RIFLE (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of function, End-stage kidney disease) score. Such definition/classification has been applied both in adult and in paediatric patients. Neonatal definition of AKI likely results as a challenging task due to the peculiar renal pathophysiology of newborn critically ill patients. Their so-called 'immature kidneys' require careful management and neonatal AKI is frequently complicated by unfavourable outcomes. A recent attempt to implement the RIFLE score with a neonatal modification might lead to improvement on the knowledge of AKI incidence and epidemiology.
Modular Approach for the Design of Smart Polymeric Nanocapsules (2018)

The formation of nanocapsules from a modular perspective for self-assembled nanocapsules, so-called polymersomes, and nanocapsules with a covalently formed shell are discussed in this review. It is shown that there are common and comparable ways for the selective and controlled release of payloads for stimuli-responsive systems and nanocapsule functionalization in order to use them for drug delivery and diagnostic applications.
Neutralization of Human Papillomavirus Type 11 (HPV‐11) by Serum from Women Vaccinated with Yeast‐Derived HPV‐11 L1 Virus‐like Particles: Correlation with Competitive Radioimmunoassay Titer (2001)

Neutralization of human papillomavirus type 11 (HPV-11) has been demonstrated using serum and cervical secretions from primates vaccinated with virus-like particles (VLPs). Theoretically, neutralizing antibodies could protect women from HPV infection. The immunogenicity of a yeast-derived HPV-11 L1 VLP vaccine was tested in women. Serum specimens were evaluated for HPV-11 titer by competitive radioimmunoassay (cRIA) and for neutralization by use of the athymic mouse xenograft system. Analysis of serum from 104 subjects showed a dose response in HPV-11 cRIA titers and neutralization. Overall, 68 (82.9%) of 82 postimmunization serum specimens from VLP recipients were 100% neutralizing when used in the assay at a 1:50 dilution. Of 69 serum specimens, 63 (91.3%) with cRIA titers >200 milliMerck units per milliliter were neutralizing. Immunization with HPV VLPs elicits a vigorous serum immune response in a high percentage of women. The HPV-11 cRIA titer appears to be a surrogate marker for neutralization.
Strategies for Optimization of Cryogenic Electron Tomography Data Acquisition (2021)

Cryogenic electron tomography (cryoET) is a powerful method to study the 3D structure of biological samples in a close-to-native state. Current state-of-the-art cryoET combined with subtomogram averaging analysis enables the high-resolution structural determination of macromolecular complexes that are present in multiple copies within tomographic reconstructions. Tomographic experiments usually require a vast amount of tilt series to be acquired by means of high-end transmission electron microscopes with important operational running-costs. Although the throughput and reliability of automated data acquisition routines have constantly improved over the recent years, the process of selecting regions of interest at which a tilt series will be acquired cannot be easily automated and it still relies on the user's manual input. Therefore, the set-up of a large-scale data collection session is a time-consuming procedure that can considerably reduce the remaining microscope time available for tilt series acquisition. Here, the protocol describes the recently developed implementations based on the SerialEM package and the PyEM software that significantly improve the time-efficiency of grid screening and large-scale tilt series data collection. The presented protocol illustrates how to use SerialEM scripting functionalities to fully automate grid mapping, grid square mapping, and tilt series acquisition. Furthermore, the protocol describes how to use PyEM to select additional acquisition targets in off-line mode after automated data collection is initiated. To illustrate this protocol, its application in the context of high-end data collection of Sars-Cov-2 tilt series is described. The presented pipeline is particularly suited to maximizing the time-efficiency of tomography experiments that require a careful selection of acquisition targets and at the same time a large amount of tilt series to be collected.
Simultaneous and Practical Difluoromethylation of Triclosan, 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol and Pentachlorophenol in Soils for their Qualitative Detection by Electron Ionization GC-MS (2017)

The extremely rapid (30 seconds) and practical derivatization of three environmentally relevant chlorinated phenols (CPs): triclosan, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol for their qualitative detection by GC-MS is presented. The method involves the use of the eco-friendly difluoromethylating agent diethyl (bromodifluoromethyl) phosphonate (DBDFP) and results in the efficient tagging of the hydroxyl group in the phenols with the difluoromethyl (CF2H) moiety. Moreover, the protocol is carried out at ambient temperature and thus eliminates the heating involved with more conventional methods such as silylation. Another important facet of the derivatization is its biphasic nature, allowing for the specific tagging of phenolic species that are present in water or in an organic matrix. The derivatization yields difluoromethylated ether versions of the phenols with enhanced detectability by EI-GC-MS and as a way of demonstrating the robustness of the protocol, the three CPs were derivatized and unequivocally identified when spiked in three different types of soils: Virginia type A soil, Ottawa Sand and Nebraska EPA soil at a 1 μg g-1 concentration each. The protocol offers a fast way of derivatizing these types of phenols since no prior, separate sample preparation or extraction steps are needed.
The Effects of Manufacturing Tolerances on Gas Turbine Cooling (2009)

This study presents a summary of the effects of manufacturing methods and processing steps upon the resulting thermal boundary conditions for typical highly cooled turbine airfoils. Specific emphasis is placed on the conservatism that must be “designed into” the component for survival due to realistic manufacturing tolerances. Using the features of a typical blade design, the main geometric factors that can influence the blade heat transfer capability through manufacturing variability are enumerated. The tolerances on those geometric factors are provided, and the approximate quantitative impact on thermal boundary conditions is summarized. A simple example of airfoil cooling for a representative wall section is used to tabulate the variations with the resulting changes in the most affected thermal boundary conditions. Each of the main geometric factors is then evaluated in terms of its possible effect on maximum metal temperature. Paretos of the effects of manufacturing factors exhibit which factors are key and where tighter tolerances may help. Monte Carlo analysis results show the probability distributions associated with overall cooling changes tied to the tolerances.
Highlights of the 2007 iNEMI Roadmap (2007)

This presentation is the first Asian public discussion of the 2007 iNEMI Roadmap. The presentation speculates on “The Next Big Thing” and the technology gaps that will need to be addressed. This edition of the roadmap contains nineteen technology roadmaps which identify future research, development, and implementation needs to continue the growth of the world-wide electronics industry. The roadmapping process benefits the entire global electronics supply chain. We believe this product will find increasing usefulness to industry, government, and academia to help set the future direction of electronics manufacturing.
Novel Concepts for Novel Entities: Updating Ecotoxicology for a Sustainable Anthropocene (2019)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVViewpointNEXTNovel Concepts for Novel Entities: Updating Ecotoxicology for a Sustainable AnthropoceneAnderson Abel de Souza Machado*Anderson Abel de Souza MachadoLeibniz- Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries. Berlin, Germany*E-mail: [email protected]More by Anderson Abel de Souza Machadohttp://orcid.org/0000-0001-6969-7430, Chris M. WoodChris M. WoodDepartment of Zoology, University of British Columbia. Vancouver, CanadaMore by Chris M. Woodhttp://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-2219, and Werner KloasWerner KloasLeibniz- Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries. Berlin, GermanyFaculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin. Berlin, GermanyMore by Werner KloasCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 2019, 53, 9, 4680–4682Publication Date (Web):April 19, 2019Publication History Received4 April 2019Published online19 April 2019Published inissue 7 May 2019https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02031Copyright © 2019 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3187Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Ecotoxicology,Environmental pollution,Impurities,Mixtures,Toxicity Get e-Alerts
Advanced security and privacy in connected vehicles (2014)

Designing secure vehicles is becoming increasingly important as a result of recent advances in potential cyber-attacks against vehicles. This security needs to be considered over the course of the product lifecycle and includes a consideration of requirements definitions, design, development, testing, and maintenance. Even though many technologies and guidelines have been proposed to address end-to-end security design problems for the IT (information technology) industry, there are often significant differences between securing IT equipment (such as servers and PCs) and securing vehicles. Thus, purely IT-based approaches often have limited applicability in the domain of vehicle security because human safety is a primary design consideration in the development of vehicles, while relatively less attention has been paid to IT security. In addition, the lifecycle of a vehicle is often much longer than the lifecycle of many PCs and related IT equipment. Security design tends to be performed in “silos” and is not well coordinated among all of the stakeholders who are involved in the development of a vehicle. We have devised a specialized approach for designing secure in-vehicle infotainment systems, including the electronic control system and software. Our approach is based on secure engineering, an established methodology used in the IT industry to cover the entire software lifecycle.
Heterogeneous Chemistry of the NO3 Free Radical and N2O5 on Decane Flame Soot at Ambient Temperature:  Reaction Products and Kinetics (2007)

The interaction of NO3 free radical and N2O5 with laboratory flame soot was investigated in a Knudsen flow reactor at T = 298 K equipped with beam-sampling mass spectrometry and in situ REMPI detection of NO2 and NO. Decane (C10H22) has been used as a fuel in a co-flow device for the generation of gray and black soot from a rich and a lean diffusion flame, respectively. The gas-phase reaction products of NO3 reacting with gray soot were NO, N2O5, HONO, and HNO3 with HONO being absent on black soot. The major loss of NO3 is adsorption on gray and black soot at yields of 65 and 59%, respectively, and the main gas-phase reaction product is N2O5 owing to heterogeneous recombination of NO3 with NO2 and NO according to NO3 + {C} --> NO + products. HONO was quantitatively accounted for by the interaction of NO2 with gray soot in agreement with previous work. Product N2O5 was generated through heterogeneous recombination of NO3 with excess NO2, and the small quantity of HNO3 was explained by heterogeneous hydrolysis of N2O5. The reaction products of N2O5 on both types of soot were equimolar amounts of NO and NO2, which suggest the reaction N2O5 + {C} --> N2O3(ads) + products with N2O3(ads) decomposing into NO + NO2. The initial and steady-state uptake coefficients gamma 0 and gamma ss of both NO3 and N2O5 based on the geometric surface area continuously increase with decreasing concentration at a concentration threshold for both types of soot. gamma ss of NO3 extrapolated to [NO3] --> 0 is independent of the type of soot and is 0.33 +/- 0.06 whereas gamma ss for [N2O5] --> 0 is (2.7 +/- 1.0) x 10(-2) and (5.2 +/- 0.2) x 10(-2) for gray and black soot, respectively. Above the concentration threshold of both NO3 and N2O5, gamma ss is independent of concentration with gamma ss(NO3) = 5.0 x 10(-2) and gamma ss(N2O5) = 5.0 x 10(-3). The inverse concentration dependence of gamma below the concentration threshold reveals a complex reaction mechanism for both NO3 and N2O5. The atmospheric significance of these results is briefly discussed.
Cryotherapy increases features of plaque stability in atherosclerotic rabbits (2016)

The present study demonstrated that cryotherapy is feasible and appears to stabilise atherosclerotic plaques in a rabbit model.
Heuristic-Based Ankle Exoskeleton Control for Co-Adaptive Assistance of Human Locomotion (2019)

Assisting human locomotion with exoskeletons is challenging, largely due to the complexity of the neuromusculoskeletal system, the time-varying dynamics that accompany motor learning, and the uniqueness of every individual's response to device assistance. Assistance strategies designed to keep the human "in-the-loop" can help overcome many of these challenges. The purpose of this study was to develop a human-in-the-loop assistance strategy that uses co-adaptive control to slowly and continuously respond to biomechanical changes thought to encode the user's needs. Online measurements of muscle activity and joint kinematics were used to guide the evolution of an exoskeleton torque pattern based on the following heuristics: 1) muscle activity that acts cooperatively with the exoskeleton indicates the user wants more torque; 2) muscle activity that acts antagonistically to the exoskeleton indicates the user wants less torque; and 3) torque should stop increasing if the user is not adapting. We applied our controller to tethered, bilateral ankle exoskeletons worn by naïve participants as they walked on a treadmill at 1.25 m · s<sup>-1</sup> for 30 minutes. The evolved torque profiles reduced the root-mean-square of soleus muscle activity by 35±12% and metabolic rate by 22±8% compared to walking with the exoskeletons while they provided no torque. This was equivalent to a 9±12% reduction in metabolic rate when compared to normal walking. Furthermore, the algorithm was responsive to changes in each user's coordination patterns. These results confirm the effectiveness of the controller and suggest a new approach to exoskeleton assistance aimed at fostering co-adaptation with the user. This technique might particularly benefit individuals with age-related muscle weakness.
Shark (2012)

Shark is a research data analysis system built on a novel coarse-grained distributed shared-memory abstraction. Shark marries query processing with deep data analysis, providing a unified system for easy data manipulation using SQL and pushing sophisticated analysis closer to data. It scales to thousands of nodes in a fault-tolerant manner. Shark can answer queries 40X faster than Apache Hive and run machine learning programs 25X faster than MapReduce programs in Apache Hadoop on large datasets.
A mm-Wave 5G System Architecture With Enhanced-Gain Antenna Solution (2022)

A millimeter-wave (mm-wave) system architecture with enhanced-gain antenna solution is proposed for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications. To enhance the antenna gain, the surface wave currents are converted to constructive far-field radiations through a novel two-stage metallic and dielectric rings. By applying low-profile dielectric ring, the electric near-field distributions of the grounded quarter-wavelength metallic ring are modified to create radiation apertures with appropriate polarization and orientation. The mutual coupling between transmit/receive antennas and cross polarizations is reduced by 7 and 5 dB, respectively, and the gain is enhanced over 4 dB. Low-loss mm-wave transitions are implemented in a standard FR-4 printed circuit board and in an interposer substrate to integrate the active antenna with the rest of the wireless system on a compact universal serial bus (USB)-interface platform. To evaluate the interposer package and define the output power of the embedded 60-GHz RF IC, an evaluation module with a standard WR-15 waveguide interface is designed and implemented. A prototype of the architecture, which is entirely realized using low-cost organic substrates, is presented and evaluated by experiments. Excellent correlations are achieved between simulations and measurements, demonstrating more than 25 dBm of equivalent isotropically radiated power (EIRP) over the unlicensed 60-GHz frequency band.
Theory of light detection in the presence of feedback (1987)

The usual open-loop quantum and semiclassical theories of light detection are extended to include closed-loop operation in which there is feedback from the detector to the source. It is shown that the unmistakable signatures of nonclassical light associated with open-loop detection, such as sub-shot-noise spectra and sub-Poisson photo-counts, do not carry over to closed-loopsystems. This behavior is illustrated through quantitatively indistinguishable quantum and semiclassical analyses of two recent closed-loop experiments in which sub-Poisson photocount statistics were produced. It turns out that if the open-loop illumination does not require the use of quantum photodetection theory, then neither does the closed-loop illumination. Conversely, if the open-loop illumination is nonclassical, then the closed-loop behavior must be analyzed quantum mechanically. The use of nonclassical field correlations to obtain light beams that give sub-Poisson open-loop photocounts from these closed-loop arrangements is discussed and generalized into a synthesis procedure for producing light beams with arbitrary open-loop photocount statistics.
Sampling and processing for multiple scattering in inline compressive holography (2018)

Inline holography is approached from a computational perspective by incorporating a nonlinear forward model based on the iterative Born approximation (IBA). Sampling and its effects on multiple scattering computations are discussed.
ChemInform Abstract: New Dermatological Agents for the Treatment of Psoriasis (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Efficient Synthesis of Exo-N-carbamoyl Nucleosides: Application to the Synthesis of Phosphoramidate Prodrugs (2012)

An efficient protection protocol for the 6-exo-amino group of purine nucleosides with various chloroformates was developed utilizing N-methylimidazole (NMI). The reaction of an exo-N(6)-group of adenosine analogue 1 with alkyl/and aryl chloroformates under optimized conditions provided the N(6)-carbamoyl adenosines (2a-j) in good to excellent yields. The reaction of N(6)-Cbz-protected nucleosides (5a-c) with phenyl phosphoryl chloride (7) using t-BuMgCl followed by catalytic hydrogenation afforded the corresponding phosphoramidate pronucleotides (8a-c) in excellent yield.
Which Trajectories through which Perceptually Uniform Color Spaces Produce Appropriate Colors Scales for Interval Data? (1999)

This paper is concerned with the development of perceptual colormaps for visualization. Colormaps are typically designed using algorithmic techniques and do not explicitly take into account the way in which the human visual system processes its underlying components. The typical colormap (the &#x201C;rainbow&#x201D; colormap), for example, maps data onto a scale of colors which varies in hue, brightness and perceived saturation over its range. In this paper we experimentally measure how hue, luminance and saturation scales represent magnitude information by constructing colormaps which trace carefully controlled paths through Munsell and L*a*b* color spaces, and comparing these results with colormaps designed using standard computer graphics methods.