gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dissecting the Performance of VR Video Streaming through the VR-EXP Experimentation Platform (2019)

To cope with the massive bandwidth demands of Virtual Reality (VR) video streaming, both the scientific community and the industry have been proposing optimization techniques such as viewport-aware streaming and tile-based adaptive bitrate heuristics. As most of the VR video traffic is expected to be delivered through mobile networks, a major problem arises: both the network performance and VR video optimization techniques have the potential to influence the video playout performance and the Quality of Experience (QoE). However, the interplay between them is neither trivial nor has it been properly investigated. To bridge this gap, in this article, we introduce VR-EXP, an open-source platform for carrying out VR video streaming performance evaluation. Furthermore, we consolidate a set of relevant VR video streaming techniques and evaluate them under variable network conditions, contributing to an in-depth understanding of what to expect when different combinations are employed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work to propose a systematic approach, accompanied by a software toolkit, which allows one to compare different optimization techniques under the same circumstances. Extensive evaluations carried out using realistic datasets demonstrate that VR-EXP is instrumental in providing valuable insights regarding the interplay between network performance and VR video streaming optimization techniques.
Inverting input scanner vibration errors (2002)

Images scanned in the presence of mechanical vibrations are subject to artifacts such as brightness fluctuation and geometric warping. The goal of this work is to develop an algorithm to invert these distortions and produce an output digital image consistent with a scanner operating under ideal uniform motion conditions. The image restoration algorithm described in this paper applies to typical office scanners that employ a moving linear sensor array (LSA) or moving optics. The velocity of the components is generally not constant in time. Dynamic errors are introduced by gears, timing belts, motors, and structural vibrations. In this work, we make use of the instantaneous LSA velocity to reconstruct an underlying piecewise constant or piecewise linear model of the image irradiance function. The control points for the underlying model are obtained by solving a system of equations derived to relate the observed area samples with the instantaneous LSA velocity and a spatially-varying sampling kernel. An efficient solution exists for the narrow band diagonal matrix that results. The control points computed with this method fully define the underlying irradiance function. That function is then suitable for resampling under ideal scanning conditions to produce a restored image.
High-voltage constraints for vacuum packaged microstructures (2003)

In order to understand the details of high-field breakdown in microstructures that are vacuum packaged, a series of experiments are used to determine characteristics of microdischarges. The results support a reinterpretation of conventional assumptions based upon large scale discharges. When planar microelectrodes are used, Paschen's curve is not applicable in the traditional sense: the breakdown voltage is relatively insensitive to pressure in the 1-20 torr range, and remains at ∼400 V for air ambient. However, the spatial distribution of discharge current does vary with the pressure and the power. Large voltage gradients are supported in the glow region which is confined to a few millimeters directly above the cathode, and within a few hundred microns of its lateral edge. Their magnitudes range from 100,000-500,000 V/m for operating pressures ranging from 1.2-6 torr. Based on these results, guidelines are provided for the design of high-voltage microsystems.
Highly-twisted states of light from a high quality factor photonic crystal ring (2022)

Twisted light with orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been extensively studied for applications in quantum and classical communications, microscopy, and optical micromanipulation. Ejecting the naturally high angular momentum whispering gallery modes (WGMs) of an optical microresonator through a grating-assisted mechanism, where the generated OAM number ($l$) is the difference of the angular momentum of the WGM and that of the grating, provides a scalable, chip-integrated solution for OAM generation. However, demonstrated OAM microresonators have exhibited a much lower quality factor ($Q$) than conventional WGM resonators (by $&gt;100\times$), and an understanding of the ultimate limits on $Q$ has been lacking. This is crucial given the importance of $Q$ in enhancing light-matter interactions, such as single emitter coupling and parametric nonlinear processes, that underpin many important microresonator applications. Moreover, though high-OAM states are often desirable, the limits on what is achievable in a microresonator configuration are not well understood. Here, we provide new physical insight on these two longstanding questions, through understanding OAM from the perspective of mode coupling in a photonic crystal ring, and linking it to the commonly studied case of coherent backscattering between counter-propagating WGMs. In addition to demonstrating high-$Q$ ($10^5$ to $10^6$), high estimated OAM ejection efficiency (up to $90~\%$), and high-OAM number (up to $l$ = 60), our empirical model is supported by experiments and provides a quantitative explanation for the behavior of $Q$ and OAM ejection efficiency with $l$ for the first time. The state-of-the-art performance and new understanding of the physics of microresonator OAM generation will open new opportunities for realizing OAM applications using chip-integrated technologies.
Cooperative games, phase transitions on graphs and distributed trust in MANET (2004)

Mobile adhoc networks (MANET) provide a relative new paradigm of wireless networking, which poses several formidable challenges for control, monitoring and management, due to the basically "infrastructureless" nature of these networks. Security is viewed in this paper as part of the control-operations-management functionality of MANET. An important and critical part of security is trust establishment and maintenance. We provide a description of distributed trust within the MANET framework that consists of two major components: (a) trust document distribution; and (b) distributed trust computation. Within (a) we summarize our earlier work on swarm-intelligence based trust document distribution schemes, including their major advantages as compared to other schemes as well as their performance. This paper is primarily addressing our new results within (b). Here we show that under a variety of schemes for distributed trust computation and establishment we have established strong connections with various components of the theory of random graphs. In this context we demonstrate how phase transitions (in this case they mean node transitions from nontrusted to trusted) can appear within a MANET. We link the existence and analysis of such phase transitions to dynamic cooperative games. We demonstrate that dynamic cooperative games provide a natural framework for analyzing several problems for MANET. We also demonstrate the fundamental influence of the topology of the MANET on these phase transitions. Finally we conclude with a preliminary description of results that describe the effects of mobility and topology change on these trust establishment schemes.
Development of a Scalable Synthetic Process for Selective Bromination of 4-Methyl-3,7-Substituted Coumarins (2006)

The hydroxyl-protected coumarin derivatives 6a−e of 4-methyl-3-(2,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-7-hydroxycoumarin (4) are key intermediates in the synthesis of unsymmetrical benzopyranobenzopyran compounds, a novel series of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs). Free radical bromination of the 4-methyl group on 7-acetoxy-3-[(2,4-diacetoxy)phenyl]-4-methylcoumarin (6a) with NBS resulted in incomplete reactions and low to moderate yields (25−44%) of 4-bromomethyl product 7a. Lithiation of the 4-methyl group of coumarins 6b (R = SEM), 6c (R = MOM) and 6d (R = Bz) with LDA (1.1−1.7 equiv) or LHMDS (1.2−1.7 equiv) generated carbanion in THF at −76 °C, which was quenched with bromine (1.5−2.0 equiv) to afford 4-bromomethyl derivatives 7b−d in good yields (80∼90%) in small scale reactions (2−20 g). The reaction yields declined to ∼70% when the scale was increased to ≥ 80 g. Furthermore, treatment of 3-[(2,4-dimethoxy)phenyl]-7-methoxy-4-methylcoumarin (6e) with LHMDS (1.08 equiv) in THF followed by rapid inverse quenched with NBS (1.10 equiv) in THF at −76 °C, selectively produced the desired 4-bromomethyl compound 7e in excellent yield (> 90%) in both small (2−8 g) and large (80−150 g) scale reactions. A non-chromatographic process was developed to prepare 6e. This selective and efficient procedure was successfully transferred to the pilot plant to produce multi-kilograms of 4-bromomethyl coumarin 7e.
Endosomal pH-Activatable Poly(ethylene oxide)-graft-Doxorubicin Prodrugs: Synthesis, Drug Release, and Biodistribution in Tumor-Bearing Mice (2011)

Novel poly(ethylene oxide)-graft-doxorubicin (PEO-g-DOX) prodrugs with DOX covalently conjugated to PEO via a pH-sensitive hydrazone bond were developed. PEO-g-DOX conjugates could be readily prepared in the following steps: (i) anionic ring-opening copolymerization of ethylene oxide (EO) and allyl glycidyl ether (AGE) afforded functional PEO with controlled molecular weights, low polydispersities, and multiple pendant double bonds (PEO-g-allyl); (ii) conjugation of PEO-g-allyl with methyl mercaptoacetate, followed by treating with hydrazine hydrate, quantitatively transformed allyl into hydrazide groups (PEO-g-hydrazide); and (iii) DOX was covalently immobilized to PEO-g-hydrazide via acid-labile hydrazone bonds (PEO-g-DOX). Here on the basis of PEO-g-allyl(4.4) (M(n GPC) = 22 400, PDI = 1.19) and PEO-g-allyl(7.1) (M(n GPC) = 15 300, PDI = 1.16, the subscription refers to number of allyl groups per chain) two freely water-soluble PEO-g-DOX prodrugs with 2.9 and 3.6 DOX per molecule (denoted as PEO-g-DOX(2.9) and PEO-g-DOX(3.6), corresponding to drug loading content of 5.6 and 9.0 wt %, respectively) were obtained. The in vitro release studies confirmed much faster release of DOX at pH 5.0 and 6.0 than at pH 7.4. For example, approximately 16, 52, and 61% of drug were released in 22 h, and 23, 83, and 92% of drug were released in 120 h from PEO-g-DOX(2.9) at pH 7.4, 6.0 and 5.0, respectively. Notably, confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) observations revealed that DOX was released and delivered into the nuclei of RAW 264.7 cells following 24 h of incubation. MTT assays demonstrated that PEO-g-DOX(2.9) had pronounced cytotoxic effects to RAW 264.7, HeLa, and 4T1 breast tumor cells with IC(50) values of about 26.5, 42.5, and 32.0 μg DOX equiv/mL, whereas the corresponding polymer carrier PEO-g-hydrazide(4.4) was nontoxic. The In Vivo pharmacokinetics and biodistribution studies in mice showed that PEO-g-DOX(2.9) prodrugs had significantly prolonged circulation time and enhanced drug accumulation in the tumor as compared with free DOX. We are convinced that endosomal pH-activatable PEO-g-DOX prodrugs have tremendous potential for targeted cancer therapy.
Superimposed training on redundant precoding for low-complexity recovery of block transmissions (2002)

The adoption of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) by wireless local area networks and audio/video broadcasting standards testifies to the importance of recovering block precoded transmissions propagating through frequency-selective FIR channels. Existing block transmission standards invoke bandwidth-consuming error control codes to mitigate channel fades and training sequences to identify the FIR channels. For low-complexity block-by-block processing, redundant precoders with cyclic prefix (CP) along with superimposed training sequence are optimally designed to enable least squares estimation of time-varying FIR channels and symbol recovery regardless of the underlying FIR frequency-selective multipath channel. Numerical results are also presented to access the performance of the proposed affine precoders.
Engineering Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria for Mucosal Delivery of Health Molecules (2016)

Engineering Lactic Acid Bacteria and Bifidobacteria for Mucosal Delivery of Health Molecules
Learning Insurance Benefit Rules from Policy Texts with Small Labeled Data (2022)

To protect vital health program funds from being paid out on services that are wasteful and inconsistent with medical practices, government healthcare insurance programs need to validate the integrity of claims submitted by providers for reimbursement. However, due the complexity of healthcare billing policies and the lack of coded rules, maintaining "integrity" is a labor-intensive task, often narrow-scope and expensive. We propose an approach that combines deep learning and an ontology to support the extraction of actionable knowledge on benefit rules from regulatory healthcare policy text. We demonstrate its feasibility even in the presence of small ground truth labeled data provided by policy investigators. Leveraging deep learning and rich ontological information enables the system to learn from human corrections and capture better benefit rules from policy text, beyond just using a deterministic approach based on pre-defined textual and semantic pattterns.
Contention-free interleavers (2004)

Interleavers that avoid memory contentions in parallelized log-MAP decoding are analyzed and designed. Bounds are derived demonstrating that the fraction of interleavers that are contention-free is small. Nevertheless, contention-free "inter-window shuffle" interleavers with a simple implementation and reasonable memory requirements are shown to surpass 3GPP performance.
Arenesulfonylheterocycles (I): Synthesis and reactions of 2‐benzenesulfonyl‐4,5‐dichloropyridazin‐3‐ones with amines (2002)

Abstract The direct sulfonylation of 4,5‐dichloropyridazin‐3‐ones with some benzenesulfonyl chlorides in the presence of base in tetrahydrofuran gave only the corresponding N ‐sulfonylated product. The reaction of 2‐benzenesulfonyl‐4,5‐dichloropyridazin‐3‐ones with some aliphatic amines under neutral conditions afforded 5‐alkylamino‐2‐benzenesulfonyl‐4‐chloropyridazin‐3‐ones and/or the corresponding N ‐alkyl‐benzenesulfonamides.
Ultraviolet picosecond optical pulse generation from external cavity modelocked GaN based laser/diodes (2001)

Summary form only given. Modelocked semiconductor lasers have been studied quite extensively by many research groups motivated by their compactness and capability of generating subpicosecond optical pulses. Those works are, however, mostly done in near infrared wavelength range owing to the lack of available semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOA) in visible or ultraviolet region. Recent developments of GaN based semiconductor lasers have made it possible that semiconductor lasers can cover entire wavelength range from UV to IR. Ultrashort optical pulses of wavelength near 400 nm are typically generated by the frequency doubling of modelocked Ti:Sapphire lasers or dye lasers output. In view of this fact, modelocked semiconductor lasers at these wavelengths are very attractive light sources due to their compact and efficient nature. In addition, subsequent frequency doubling of these semiconductor lasers output can generate light at /spl sim/200 nm for lithography applications. We present ultraviolet picosecond optical pulse generation from external cavity actively modelocked InGaN lasers.
On the absolute orientation problem in computer vision (2009)

An important problem in computer vision is to determine the orientation of a rigid body in an image. This can be accomplished by matching points or line segments that naturally appear on the object. Several elegant and computationally fast algorithms based on the singular value decomposition and quaternions have been introduced to solve this problem. In this article, the authors first examine the important special case of identifying the attitude of 2D objects and introduce a particularly elegant solution based on the mathematical structure of the complex plane. Motivated by this simple solution to the 2D case, a new derivation of the 3D case based on the polar decomposition is presented. This derivation is in many ways more natural than previous derivations, particularly when the model and data contain no noise.
Axial gradient index doublet objective for optical disk systems (1989)

A plano-convex axial gradient index (Z-GI) lens is able to correct both spherical aberration and coma. However, it is difficult to fabricate a Z-GI singlet with a numerical aperture (N.A.) of over 0.3, because a large refractive index change (Δ n ) and a precise refractive index profile are required. To make the N.A. larger, a homogeneous meniscus lens was added to a Z-GI singlet. Several types of Z-GI doublet with large N.A. (0.53-0.60) were designed and fabricated as the objectives for optical disk systems. The specifications of a Z-GI doublet are given as follows: λ: 780 nm N.A.: 0.55 focal length: 3.07 mm conjugate length: ∞ working distance: 1.10 mm disk thickness: 1.20 mm ( n = 1.57).
Data-Hiding With Partially Available Side Information (2005)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Antalya, Turkey, 2005
Integration of germanium quantum well structures on a silicon-on-insulator waveguide platform for optical modulator applications (2010)

An approach is proposed, analyzed, and demonstrated to integrate selectively grown germanium quantum well structures onto a silicon-on-insulator waveguide platform. This approach is promising for compact, ultra-low power optical waveguide modulators in optical interconnects.
PdII‐Catalyzed Enantioselective C(sp3)−H Activation/Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Free Carboxylic Acids (2018)

Pd<sup>II</sup> -catalyzed enantioselective C(sp<sup>3</sup> )-H cross-coupling of free carboxylic acids with organoborons has been realized using either mono-protected amino acid (MPAA) ligands or mono-protected aminoethyl amine (MPAAM) ligands. A diverse range of aryl- and vinyl-boron reagents can be used as coupling partners to provide chiral carboxylic acids. This reaction provides an alternative approach to the enantioselective synthesis of cyclopropanecarboxylic acids and cyclobutanecarboxylic acids containing α-chiral tertiary and quaternary stereocenters. The utility of this reaction was further demonstrated by converting the carboxylic acid into cyclopropyl amine without loss of optical activity.
Distributed Zeroth Order Optimization Over Random Networks: A\n Kiefer-Wolfowitz Stochastic Approximation Approach (2018)

We study a standard distributed optimization framework where $N$ networked\nnodes collaboratively minimize the sum of their local convex costs. The main\nbody of existing work considers the described problem when the underling\nnetwork is either static or deterministically varying, and the distributed\noptimization algorithm is of first or second order, i.e., it involves the local\ncosts' gradients and possibly the local Hessians. In this paper, we consider\nthe currently understudied but highly relevant scenarios when: 1) only noisy\nfunction values' estimates are available (no gradients nor Hessians can be\nevaluated); and 2) the underlying network is randomly varying (according to an\nindependent, identically distributed process). For the described random\nnetworks-zeroth order optimization setting, we develop a distributed stochastic\napproximation method of the Kiefer-Wolfowitz type. Furthermore, under standard\nsmoothness and strong convexity assumptions on the local costs, we establish\nthe $O(1/k^{1/2})$ mean square convergence rate for the method -- the rate that\nmatches that of the method's centralized counterpart under equivalent\nconditions.\n
Green light‐emitting diodes fabricated on semipolar (11–22) GaN on r‐plane patterned sapphire substrate (2012)

Abstract We have succeeded in the growth of a high‐quality semipolar (11–22) GaN layer on an r ‐plane patterned sapphire substrate ( r ‐PSS). In this study, we report on green‐light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated on the (11–22) GaN layer on the r ‐PSS. The optical property of (11–22) MQWs on the r ‐PSS improved from that of the same MQWs on an m ‐plane sapphire substrate. The green light emission from the LED on the r ‐PSS was confirmed, which exhibited scattered light emission. The effect of the r ‐PSS on the improvement of light extraction was evaluated by ray tracing simulation, which is higher than that of a conventional LED on a c ‐PSS. This improvement is derived from the air void structure in the LED fabricated on the r ‐PSS. It was also confirmed that the LED had a small blue shift compared with that on the conventional green LED, and that the quantum confined Stark effect can be reduced using the semipolar (11–22) GaN layer on the r ‐PSS.
The orally bioavailable allosteric CXCR4 HIV-1 entry inhibitor AMD11070 (2012)

In order to enter and infect human cells HIV must bind to the CD4 receptor in addition to either CXCR4 or CCR5. AMD11070 was the first orally available small molecule inhibitor of CXCR4 to enter the clinic. Here, we report in detail the molecular pharmacology of AMD11070 which is a potent inhibitor of X4 HIV-1 replication in various CD4 + T cell lines, CXCR4-transfected cell lines and in PBMC (IC50 values of 14 3 nM). In addition, AMD11070 potently inhibited cell fusion between a CHO-K1 cell line expressing viral gp120 and the P4-R5 MAGI cells which express CD4 and CXCR4 with an IC50 of 1.5 0.3 nM. No antiviral activity was observed with AMD11070 against CCR5-using (R5) HIV-1 replication. Using CD4+ T cell lines that endogenously express CXCR4 we demonstrate that AMD11070 is an antagonist of CXCL-12 (SDF-1a)ligand binding (IC50: 12.5 1.3 nM), inhibits CXCL-12mediated signaling (IC50: 9 2 nM) and that it inhibits CXCL-12-mediated chemotaxis (IC50: 19 4 nM). AMD11070 does not inhibit chemokine-induced Ca2 +-signaling in cells expressing CXCR3, CCR1, CCR2b, CCR4, CCR5 or CCR7, demonstrating the compound selectivity for the CXCR4 receptor. In addition, AMD11070 is able to inhibit the SDF-1beta isoform interactions with CXCR4 and N-terminal truncated variants of CXCR4 with equal potency as to the wild type CXCR4 receptor. These data indicate that AMD11070 is an allosteric antagonist of CXCR4. A proof-of-concept clinical trial has shown that AMD11070 can reduce the viral load of X4 HIV-1 in HIV-1-infected persons. Together these data further support to the potential beneficial role of orally bioavailable CXCR4 inhibitors as a therapeutic option for HIV/AIDS treatment.
Monoclonal Antibodies to Renal Cancer Markers (1985)

Seventeen thousand Americans develop renal cancer annually. At the time of diagnosis, 30% have metastatic disease demonstrable by conventional radiologic or nuclide imaging techniques. Of the remaining patients who are ostensibly surgically curable, about 40% have micrometastatic disease that will later manifest itself. Currently no effective method exists for detection of micrometastatic disease. Likewise, no effective systemic therapy exists and these patients will die of their disease.