gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient Divergent Synthesis of Dendronized Polymers with Extremely High Molecular Weight:  Structural Characterization by SEC-MALLS and SFM and Novel Organic Gelation Behavior (2004)

High molecular weight poly(p-hydroxystyrene) (PHS) was dendronized in high yield by the divergent grafting of aliphatic polyester dendrons using acetal and ketal protected anhydride derivatives of bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid. Relatively low polydispersities (PDI = 1.1−1.3) were maintained throughout the dendronization process. Detailed characterization of a series of these polymers by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and SEC with multi-angle laser light scattering (SEC-MALLS) clearly shows the effect of dendron steric bulk on the persistence length (ξ) of the polymer main chain in solution. As a result of the fixed degree of polymerization (DP), the main chain rigidification that accompanies lateral dendron growth causes an unusual relationship between Rg,z and molecular weight across a series of generations. The rodlike structure and contour length of the alkylated dendronized polymers was also characterized by scanning force microscopy (SFM) on mica, highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) surfaces. One of the G3 dendronized polymers with an alkylated periphery showed significant physical gelation behavior at concentrations below 1 wt % in several organic solvents, which constitutes additional evidence that the solution phase rigidity of a polymer chain can be enhanced by dendronization.
If we build it they will come: targeting the immune response to breast cancer (2019)

Historically, breast cancer tumors have been considered immunologically quiescent, with the majority of tumors demonstrating low lymphocyte infiltration, low mutational burden, and modest objective response rates to anti-PD-1/PD-L1 monotherapy. Tumor and immunologic profiling has shed light on potential mechanisms of immune evasion in breast cancer, as well as unique aspects of the tumor microenvironment (TME). These include elements associated with antigen processing and presentation as well as immunosuppressive elements, which may be targeted therapeutically. Examples of such therapeutic strategies include efforts to (1) expand effector T-cells, natural killer (NK) cells and immunostimulatory dendritic cells (DCs), (2) improve antigen presentation, and (3) decrease inhibitory cytokines, tumor-associated M2 macrophages, regulatory T- and B-cells and myeloid derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). The goal of these approaches is to alter the TME, thereby making breast tumors more responsive to immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize key developments in our understanding of antitumor immunity in breast cancer, as well as emerging therapeutic modalities that may leverage that understanding to overcome immunologic resistance.
Molecular chaperone prefoldin-assisted biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles with improved size distribution and dispersion (2019)

Here we report a novel aspect of molecular chaperone prefoldin (PFD) as a biomaterial in the biocatalytic synthesis of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) using glycerol dehydrogenase (GLD). We found that PFD could inhibit the aggregation of AuNPs during the biosynthesis, leading to the formation of AuNPs with controlled size distribution.
Digit Replantation in Infants and Young Children: Determinants of Survival (1994)

Thirty-three children under 34 months of age with 41 digits amputated over a 15-year period were reviewed. There were 3 primary amputations, 6 composite grafts, and 32 replantations. Twenty-one variables were evaluated for their influence on 4-week digit survival. The overall survival rate of 32 replanted digits was 69 percent. Favorable uncontrollable variables were clean-cut injury and body weight greater than 11 kg. Favorable controllable variables included more than one vein repaired, bone shortening, interosseous bone fixation, and vein grafting of arteries or veins. Forty-one percent of children required a blood transfusion. Children with trauma to more than one digit were most likely to be transfused (p < 0.05). The combination of prompt digit reperfusion after successful arterial repair and at least one successful venous anastomosis resulted in a 95 percent digit survival rate, significantly higher than the 0 percent survival of digits lacking one or the other of these features.
Structural Characterisation of Complex Layered Double Hydroxides and TGA‐GC‐MS Study on Thermal Response and Carbonate Contamination in Nitrate‐ and Organic‐Exchanged Hydrotalcites (2015)

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are versatile materials used for intercalating bioactive molecules in the fields of pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals and cosmetics, with the purpose of protecting them from degradation, enhancing their water solubility to increase bioavailability and improving their pharmacokinetic properties and formulation stability. Moreover, LDHs are used in various technological applications to improve stability and processability. The crystal chemistry of hydrotalcite-like compounds was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), automated electron diffraction tomography (ADT) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)-GC-MS to shed light on the mechanisms involved in ion exchange and absorption of contaminants, mainly carbonate anions. For the first time, ADT allowed a structural model of LDH_NO3 to be obtained from experiment, shedding light on the conformation of nitrate inside LDH and on the loss of crystallinity due to the layer morphology. The ADT analysis of a hybrid LDH sample (LDH_EUS) clearly revealed an increase in defectivity in this material. XRPD demonstrated that the presence of carbonate can influence the intercalation of organic molecules into LDH, since CO3 -contaminated samples tend to adopt d spacings that are approximate multiples of the d spacing of LDH_CO3 . TGA-GC-MS allowed intercalated and surface- adsorbed organic molecules to be distinguished and quantified, the presence and amount of carbonate to be confirmed, especially at low concentrations (<2 wt %), and the different types and strengths of adsorption to be classified with respect to the temperature of elimination.
Effect of alphavirus vaccine encoding HER2 during concurrent anti-HER2 therapies on induction of oligoclonal T cell and antibody responses against HER2. (2015)

3081 Background: Advanced HER2-overexpressing breast cancer eventually develops resistance to standard therapies; however, the HER2 receptor persists and may serve as a target for immunotherapy. We tested an immunization strategy with a novel alphaviral based vaccine encoding the extracellular and transmembrane domains of HER2 (VRP-HER2), alone and in conjunction with standard anti-HER2 agents, in patients with predominantly metastatic treatment refractory HER2-overexpressing breast cancer to determine safety, immunogenicity, and clinical activity. Methods: Cohort 1 (n = 4) enrolled patients not receiving any other anticancer therapy. Cohort 2 (n = 10) enrolled patients receiving either concurrent trastuzumab +/- pertuzumab, TDM-1, or Lapatinib. VRP-HER2 was given at 4 x 108 IU intramuscularly, every 2 weeks for three doses. Immune response specific for HER2 was determined by ELISPOT and ELISA. Progression-free survival (PFS) was defined as time to disease progression or death. Median length of follow-up for survival was calculated in patients still alive. Results: VRP-HER2 immunizations were well tolerated in these heavily pre-treated cohorts (median 4.5 prior therapies). There were no dose limiting toxicities or significant decreases in cardiac ejection fraction. Adverse events were predominantly grade 1 and 2, with one grade 3 AE, hyponatremia, felt not attributable to the VRP-HER2 vaccine. T cell responses specific for HER2 were detected by ELISpot in patients from cohort 1. The magnitude of the immune response was not altered by prior anti-HER2 therapy. In cohort 1, median PFS was 57 days, median overall survival (OS) was not reached, and median follow-up for OS was 26 months. In cohort 2, median PFS was 58 days, with one partial response and stable disease in two patients, median OS was not reached, and median follow-up for OS was 7 months. Conclusions: VRP-HER2 was safe and immunogenic alone or with concurrent anti-HER2 therapy. Future studies will combine the vaccine in prime boost strategies alone and in combination with other therapies. Clinical trial information: NCT01526473.
Electron Transport Modeling for Junctions of Zigzag and Armchair Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs) (2008)

Conductance of a seamless string of zigzag/armchair/zigzag graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is modeled using nonequilibrium Green's function methodology as a function of width, Fermi level and the metallic or semiconducting nature of the armchair GNR. Such a structure with a semiconductor armchair GNR combined with a top gate can potentially form a transistor whereas a structure with a metallic armchair GNR can be used for interconnecting nearby transistors. It is shown that the bends in such structures can be quite transparent for electrons (80% to 90% of ideal conductance) so long as there is the same number of conduction channels in the zigzag and armchair GNRs.
Diverse Antimicrobial Killing by Enterococcus faecium E 50-52 Bacteriocin (2008)

An effective bacteriocin was identified and characterized. Lactic acid bacteria were screened against Campylobacter jejuni. One bacteriocin producer, Enterococcus faecium (NRRL B-30746), was studied. The isolate was grown, and the bacteriocin was purified to single-band homogeneity. Biochemical traits indicated that the peptide was a Class IIa bacteriocin, and it was named E 50-52. The bacteriocin had a molecular weight of 3339.7 and an isoelectric point of 8.0. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of E 50-52 against C. jejuni, Yersinia spp., Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella dysenteriae, Morganella morganii, Staphylococcus spp., and Listeria spp. ranged from 0.025 to 32 microg/mL. In therapeutic broiler trials, oral treatment with E 50-52 reduced both C. jejuni and Salmonella enteritidis by more than 100,000-fold in the ceca, and systemic S. enteritidis was reduced in the liver and spleen. The wide range of antibacterial activity of bacteriocin E 50-52 against pathogens provides a promising alternative to antibiotics.
Double-Twisted Helical Lamellar Crystals in a Synthetic Main-Chain Chiral Polyester Similar to Biological Polymers. Volume 32, Number 2, January 26, 1999, pp 524−527. (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionDouble-Twisted Helical Lamellar Crystals in a Synthetic Main-Chain Chiral Polyester Similar to Biological Polymers. Volume 32, Number 2, January 26, 1999, pp 524−527.Chritopher Y. Li, Donghang Yan, Stephen Z. D. Cheng, Feng Bai, Tianbai He, Lang-Chy Chien, Frank W. Harris, and Bernard LotzCite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 2, 647Publication Date (Web):January 6, 2000Publication History Published online6 January 2000Published inissue 1 January 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9824102https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9824102correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (8 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Angiogenesis enhances the proliferation and function of cultured human fetal liver progenitor cells (2006)

Objective To determine the role of angiogenesis in the expansion of human fetal liver progenitors (LPC) co‐cultured with endothelial cells. Methods. Enriched LPCs were either cultured alone or were co‐cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) in three‐dimensional fibrin gel (3D) or in monolayer (2D). LPC clusters were tracked in situ through the expression of fluorescent proteins driven by human hepatic‐specific promoters albumin and alpha‐fetoprotein. ELISA was used to measure albumin (Alb), alpha‐fetoprotein (AFP), VEGF, HGF, endostatin and angiostatin levels. LPC proliferation was determined by BrdU labeling. Results When co‐cultured with HUVEC, there was increased LPC proliferation and increased production of Alb and AFP. There were more LPC clusters, Alb‐positive cells and increased Alb and AFP production when LPC were co‐cultured with HUVEC undergoing angiogenesis (3D cultures) than that observed with LPC alone or with LPC co‐cultured with HUVEC monolayers (no angiogenesis). In 3D LPC‐HUVEC co‐cultures, there was increased production of endogenous angiogenic factors VEGF and HGF. At late time points, there was increased production of anti‐angiogenic factors endostatin and angiostatin in these 3D co‐cultures. Inhibition of angiogenesis resulted in decreased production of Alb, AFP, endostatin and angiostatin in the LPC‐HUVEC co‐cultures. Conclusion The presence of angiogenesis enhances LPC proliferation and function in vitro. This process involves a balance between the endogenous production of pro‐ and anti‐angiogenic factors.
Amplified Fluorescence Quenching and Electroluminescence of a Cationic Poly(p-phenylene-co-thiophene) Polyelectrolyte (2004)

A water-soluble conjugated polymer was developed that displays significant fluorescence quenching (25% quenching of polymer's fluorescence at quencher concentrations of 500 nM) and forms well-defined multilayer structures via electrostatic deposition. The polymer contains alternating 2,5-thienyl- and 2,5-bis[2-(N,N-diethylamine)-1-oxapropyl]-substituted 1,4-phenylene units formed by a Stille reaction protocol. Poly({2,5-bis[2-(N,N-diethylamino)-1-oxapropyl]-1,4-phenylene}-alt-2,5-thienylene) (PPT-NEt2) was synthesized in 80% yield from 2,5-bis(trimethylstannyl)thiophene and the reactive diiodinated species 2,5-bis(3-[N,N-diethylamino]-1-oxapropyl)-1,4-diiodobenzene. The neutral polymer was soluble in THF, chloroform, and 1 M HCl (aq). A number-average molecular weight of 5300 g mol-1 (ca. 40 rings) was measured by GPC (relative to polystyrene standards). PPT-NEt2 is easily converted to the water-soluble polymer, poly{2,5-bis[2-(N,N,N-triethylammonium)-1-oxapropyl]-1,4-phenylene-alt-2,5-thienylene} dibromide (PPT-NEt3+), by quaternization with bromoethane. The polymer's electronic absorption is dependent on quaternization with absorption/emission wavelength maxima (λmax) corresponding to 460/519 nm for the neutral polymer and 411/495 nm for the quaternized version in the appropriate solvent. Well-defined, thin multilayer films of PPT-NEt3+, alternating with poly(acrylic acid)[PAA] or poly(styrene sulfonic acid)[PSS], were deposited via electrostatic deposition onto indium tin oxide coated glass. Polymer light-emitting diodes prepared from PPT-NEt3+/PSS exhibited the best results with a λmax of absorption and emission equal to 450 and 558 nm, respectively, external quantum efficiency of 0.017%, and light output of 110 nW.
Spiroaromaticity in spiro[2.3]hexadienyl anions. Kinetic acidities in highly basic media (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpiroaromaticity in spiro[2.3]hexadienyl anions. Kinetic acidities in highly basic mediaM. F. Semmelhack, R. J. DeFranco, Z. Margolin, and J. StockCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 2, 426–432Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00783a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00783a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views162Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Huoluo Xiaoling Pellet promotes microglia M2 polarization through increasing MCPIP1 expression for ischemia stroke alleviation (2023)

Huoluo Xiaoling Pellet (HXP), a Chinese patent medicine, is commonly administered for the treatment of treat ischemic strokes. MCPIP1, an inducible suppressor of the inflammatory response, is a regulator of microglial M2 polarization. This study aimed to explore whether HXP can promote microglial M2 polarization by upregulating MCPIP1 expression, consequently mitigating cerebral ischemic injury. Our study involved 85 Sprague-Dawley rats (weighing 250-280 g). We established middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation-reoxygenation (OGD/R) models with MCPIP1 knockdown to assess the effects of HXP on ischemic strokes. Our findings show that HXP reduced brain water content, improved neurological function, and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in the brain tissues of MCAO rats. The neuroprotective effects of HXP on cerebral ischemic injuries were compromised by MCPIP1 knockdown. Immunofluorescence results indicated that the expression of microglia marker Iba1 and M2 phenotypic marker CD206 was upregulated in MCAO rats and OGD/R-treated microglia. Administration of HXP significantly reduced Iba1 expression and facilitated CD206 expression, an effect that was counteracted by sh-MCPIP1 transfection. Western blotting revealed that HXP treatment augmented the expression of MCPIP1, microglial M2 marker proteins (CD206 and Arg1), and PPARγ, while reducing the expression of microglial M1 marker proteins (CD16 and iNOS) in MCAO rats and OGD/R-induced microglia. MCPIP1 knockdown suppressed HXP-mediated upregulation of MCPIP1, CD206, Arg1, and PPARγ, as well as the downregulation of CD16 and iNOS. Our findings suggest that HXP primarily ameliorates ischemic stroke through the upregulation of MCPIP1, which in turn induces microglial M2 polarization.
Water-core microstructure fiber for optical sensing (2004)

A novel type of sensor fiber has an aqueous core surrounded by a microstructured silica-air cladding. Simulations demonstrate single-mode, low-loss operation and nearly perfect overlap with the sample over a wide wavelength range.
Quantification of and correction for left ventricular systolic long-axis shortening by magnetic resonance tissue tagging and slice isolation. (1991)

Significant LV systolic long-axis shortening exists, and this effect is seen the most at the base and the least at the apex. At a given ventricular level, shortening varied significantly according to location. A method using selective saturation pulses and gated spin-echo MRI automatically corrects for this motion and thus eliminates misregistration artifact from regional function analysis.
Applications of microwave-assisted organic synthesis on the multigram scale. (2005)

This review presents a summary of reactions performed using microwave irradiation on a multigram scale. Results are described in the context of existing equipment, and equipment currently in development, for the processing of multigram to kilogram quantities of materials including single- and multimode microwave reactors and batch, batch-flow and continuous-flow systems. Although limited in number, reports found in the literature to date suggest that with appropriate controls, reproducible scale-up of microwave reactions is feasible and requires minimal re-optimization of laboratory-scale reaction conditions. This feature, along with the dramatic reductions in reaction time generally observed for microwave reactions suggests that application of this technology in process research could be beneficial.
Characterization of Senecavirus A Isolates Collected From the Environment of U.S. Sow Slaughter Plants (2022)

Vesicular disease caused by Senecavirus A (SVA) is clinically indistinguishable from foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) and other vesicular diseases of swine. When a vesicle is observed in FMD-free countries, a costly and time-consuming foreign animal disease investigation (FADI) is performed to rule out FMD. Recently, there has been an increase in the number of FADIs and SVA positive samples at slaughter plants in the U.S. The objectives of this investigation were to: (1) describe the environmental burden of SVA in sow slaughter plants; (2) determine whether there was a correlation between PCR diagnostics, virus isolation (VI), and swine bioassay results; and (3) phylogenetically characterize the genetic diversity of contemporary SVA isolates. Environmental swabs were collected from three sow slaughter plants (Plants 1-3) and one market-weight slaughter plant (Plant 4) between June to December 2020. Of the 426 samples taken from Plants 1-3, 304 samples were PCR positive and 107 were VI positive. There was no detection of SVA by PCR or VI at Plant 4. SVA positive samples were most frequently found in the summer (78.3% June-September, vs. 59.4% October-December), with a peak at 85% in August. Eighteen PCR positive environmental samples with a range of C<sub>t</sub> values were selected for a swine bioassay: a single sample infected piglets (<i>n</i> = 2). A random subset of the PCR positive samples was sequenced; and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated co-circulation and divergence of two genetically distinct groups of SVA. These data demonstrate that SVA was frequently found in the environment of sow slaughter plants, but environmental persistence and diagnostic detection was not indicative of whether a sampled was infectious to swine. Consequently, a more detailed understanding of the epidemiology of SVA and its environmental persistence in the marketing chain is necessary to reduce the number of FADIs and aide in the development of control measures to reduce the spread of SVA.
Impact of extinction ratio on return-to-zero coding gain in optical noise limited receivers (2003)

We experimentally confirm recent theoretical predictions, suggesting that return-to-zero (RZ) signals generated by means of a pulse carver or separate pulse source (Type I) perform better in the presence of finite data modulator extinction than RZ signals riding on a pedestal of constant optical power (Type II). As a consequence, the usually observed receiver sensitivity gain of RZ over nonreturn-to-zero is reduced (or even turned negative) for Type II RZ signals with poor data extinction. For Type I RZ signals, the RZ coding gain is largely unaffected by data modulator extinction.