gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A compact all-optical 40 Gb/s clock recovery using a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator-based ring oscillator with a chip coplanar Q-filter (2004)

A compact, 40 Gb/s all-optical clock recovery is demonstrated by utilizing filtered and actively amplified photocurrent in a traveling-wave electroabsorption modulator-based ring oscillator. The recovered 40 GHz optical clock has 500 fs timing jitter and 8 ps pulsewidth.
Codoping of zinc and tungsten for practical high-performance amorphous indium-based oxide thin film transistors (2015)

Using practical high-density sputtering targets, we investigated the effect of Zn and W codoping on the thermal stability of the amorphous film and the electrical characteristics in thin film transistors. zinc oxide is a potentially conductive component while W oxide is an oxygen vacancy suppressor in oxide films. The oxygen vacancy from In-O and Zn-O was suppressed by the W additive because of the high oxygen bond dissociation energy. With controlled codoping of W and Zn, we demonstrated a high mobility with a maximum mobility of 40 cm2/V s with good stability under a negative bias stress in InWZnO thin film transistors.
Engineering surface charges in a subtilisin: the effects on electrophoretic and ion-exchange behaviour (1994)

The introduction or removal of multiple charged amino acid residues in the subtilisin Savinase by genetic engineering allowed us to modify the electrostatic properties of this enzyme in a systematic way. The effects of these charge changes were investigated experimentally using ion-exchange chromatography and electrophoretic mobility in native gels all under identical conditions. The experiments clearly demonstrated that the overall charge of a given protein is not the only factor determining electrophoretic mobility at low or moderate ionic strengths. For a series of variants having identical overall positive charge a linear relation was observed between mobility towards the cathode and the total number of charged residues present. This effect was found to depend on the type of (chloride) salt used: calcium ions give rise to complete screening of all negative charges, whereas only partial screening is found for magnesium and sodium ions. In contrast, in the presence of sodium phosphate the overall charge of the enzyme becomes slightly negative. These data indicate that cations as well as anions may strongly perturb the overall charge of proteins depending on the type of salt and on the number of charged amino acid residues present. The ion-exchange behaviour demonstrated similar results, i.e. showing stronger enzyme adsorption with increasing numbers of surface charges on a cation-exchange column run below the isoelectric point of the proteins. However, the apparent sign reversal noted above for electrophoresis with sodium phosphate did not appear in the ion-exchange experiments. This work provides further insight into the adsorption of proteins to surface and the role played by small ions, particularly when electrostatic forces dominate the adsorption process.
Identification of the Joint Effect of a Dynamic Treatment Intervention and a Stochastic Monitoring Intervention Under the No Direct Effect Assumption (2017)

The management of chronic conditions is characterized by frequent re-assessment of therapy decisions in response to the patient's changing condition over the course of the illness. Evidence most suitable to inform care thus often concerns the contrast of adaptive treatment strategies that repeatedly personalize treatment decisions over time using the latest accumulated data available from the patient's previous clinic visits such as laboratory exams (e.g., hemoglobin A1c measurements in diabetes care). The frequency at which such information is monitored implicitly defines the causal estimand that is typically evaluated in an observational or randomized study of such adaptive treatment strategies. Analytic control of monitoring with standard estimation approaches for time-varying interventions can therefore not only improve study generalizibility but also inform the optimal timing of clinical surveillance. Valid inference with these estimators requires the upholding of a positivity assumption that can hinder their applicability. To potentially weaken this requirement for monitoring control, we introduce identifiability results that will facilitate the derivation of alternate estimators of effects defined by general joint treatment and monitoring interventions in the context of time-to-event outcomes. These results are developed based on the nonparametric structural equation modeling framework using a no direct effect assumption originally introduced in a prior paper that inspired this work. The relevance and scope of the results presented here are illustrated with examples in diabetes comparative effectiveness research.
A Continued Study of Polymeric Materials for Protection Against Chemical and Biological Contaminants and Halogen Oxidants for Immobilization in Protective Materials and Coatings (2013)

Abstract : This report highlights major findings of a six-year project exploring preparation and use of N-halamines, a class of compounds that can be employed to prepare polymeric materials and coatings for disinfection and detoxification applications: - Novel halogenated hydantoinyl polystyrene beads quickly disinfect potable water. The new beads are less expensive to prepare than an earlier version prepared by functionalizing polystyrene, but equally effective in gravity-feed water filters. As mild oxidizing agents, they can also be used to detoxify water and to neutralize HD or VX. - Several N-halamine coating materials regenerable with hypochlorite were prepared and tested that involve attachment of N-chlorohydantoin moieties to surfaces such as cellulose, polyurethanes, and acrylic paints through siloxane and epoxide tethering groups. 6 -7 log kills of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 in 10 min contact are typical. - A new acrylamide monomer capable of loading large amounts of halogen and being copolymerized with a variety of other monomers to create a variety of disinfection applications is described. Coatings so prepared showed considerably better resistance to photodecomposition by sunlight than typical N-halamides. - The mechanism of photodecomposition of N-halamine siloxanes was thoroughly investigated both theoretically and experimentally, and was shown to occur by a Hoffmann -Loeffler rearrangement. This limits the utility of siloxane-tethered N-halamine materials. - N-Halamine polymers can be made water soluble by copolymerization with materials containing charged groups like quaternary ammonium salts, an important step for industrial coating processes as it avoids the use of organic solvents in coating baths.
Interferometric scattering (iSCAT) microscopy: studies of biological membrane dynamics (2018)

The study of the organization and dynamics of molecules in model and cellular membranes is an important topic in contemporary biophysics. Imaging and single particle tracking in this particular field, however, proves particularly demanding, as it requires simultaneously high spatio-temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratios. A remedy to this challenge might be Interferometric Scattering (iSCAT) microscopy, due to its fast sampling rates, label-free imaging capabilities and, most importantly, tuneable signal level output. Here we report our recent advances in the imaging and molecular tracking on phase-separated model membrane systems and live-cell membranes using this technique.
Novel Approaches for Potential Therapy of Cystic Fibrosis (2015)

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a lethal autosomal recessive disease that causes severe damage to the respiratory and digestive systems. It results from a dysfunctional CF Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (CFTR) protein, which is a cAMP- regulated epithelial chloride channel. CFTR is also a subtype of the ABC-transporter superfamily, and is expressed primarily in the apical membrane of epithelial cells in the airways, pancreas, and intestines. A single amino acid deletion of phenylalanine (Phe) is the most common mutation in CF patients known as F508del-CFTR. Normally, wild-type CFTR is largely degraded before reaching the cell membrane and F508del-CFTR virtually never reaches the cell surface. Ultimately, our goal is to correct dysfunctional CFTR proteins in CF patients. Via high-throughput screening techniques, several novel compounds for potential drugs effective in reversing the molecular CF defect and prohibiting further progression of CF have recently been discovered. S-nitrosothiols (SNOs) are small, naturally occurring endogenous cell signaling compounds, which have potential relevance to human lung diseases, including CF. Remarkably, researchers have found that the level of SNOs are reduced in the CF airway. It was previously reported that different types of SNOs, such as GSNO and S-nitrosoglutathione diethyl ester will increase CFTR maturation and function at the plasma membrane in human airway epithelial cells. The mechanisms by which SNOs improve CFTR maturation remain elusive. Currently, clinical trials are still investigating the effectiveness and safety of novel corrector and potentiator drugs for F508del- CFTR. This review article offers a summary of our knowledge on the most up-to-date CF therapies.
Context-Aware Sequence Alignment using 4D Skeletal Augmentation (2022)

Temporal alignment of fine-grained human actions in videos is important for numerous applications in computer vision, robotics, and mixed reality. State-of-the-art methods directly learn image-based embedding space by leveraging powerful deep convolutional neural networks. While being straightforward, their results are far from satisfactory, the aligned videos exhibit severe temporal discontinuity without additional post-processing steps. The recent advancements in human body and hand pose estimation in the wild promise new ways of addressing the task of human action alignment in videos. In this work, based on off-the-shelf human pose estimators, we propose a novel context-aware self-supervised learning architecture to align sequences of actions. We name it CASA. Specifically, CASA employs self-attention and cross-attention mechanisms to incorporate the spatial and temporal context of human actions, which can solve the temporal dis-continuity problem. Moreover, we introduce a self-supervised learning scheme that is empowered by novel 4D augmentation techniques for 3D skeleton representations. We systematically evaluate the key components of our method. Our experiments on three public datasets demonstrate CASA significantly improves phase progress and Kendall's Tau scores over the previous state-of-the-art methods.
A novel add-on compensator for cancellation of pivot nonlinearities in hard disk drives (1998)

This paper is concerned with the combined use of an accelerometer and a disturbance observer (DOB) to compensate for pivot nonlinearities that are subject to uncertainties in hard disk drives (HDDs). The DOB estimates the bias due to uncertain disturbances and nonlinearities such as pivot friction, and this estimate becomes a feedback signal for bias cancellation. Experiments have confirmed that the cancellation scheme is effective in the frequency range of from 0 to 700 Hz. Since the proposed cancellation scheme can be implemented as an analog system, it provides wider-bandwidth bias rejection and better settling performance than traditional bias compensation schemes such as integral action based on sampled position error signal. In a sequence of 0.5 msec track-to-track seeks, in which the bias was the primary source of modeling errors, the probability that the tracking error at the end of each seek would be within /spl plusmn/5% of track pitch was 0.35 with a conventional digital integral action; with the proposed compensation scheme, this probability was 0.80.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Chemogenomic Profiling Provides Insights into the Limited Activity of Irreversible EGFR Inhibitors in Tumor Cells Expressing the T790M EGFR Resistance Mutation (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Chemogenomic Profiling Provides Insights into the Limited Activity of Irreversible EGFR Inhibitors in Tumor Cells Expressing the T790M EGFR Resistance Mutation
Visceral leishmaniasis in a new ecological niche near a major metropolitan area of Brazil (1995)

In 1991, a community cross-sectional study was conducted in a village situated near the beach and close to Salvador, the capital city of Bahia, in Brazil, to determine the prevalence of visceral leishmaniasis since 1989. A serological survey was made of human and canine reservoirs and an intradermal skin test for leishmaniasis was used to assess cellular immune responses. Nearly 30% of the 243 individuals in the study area had positive skin tests and 14% had positive serology, the latter being compatible with recent infection; 29 of 460 dogs examined were seropositive. A possible association was observed between human infection and the presence of dogs in or near residences, but not between human infection and malnutrition. This report describes the evolution of a new focus of visceral leishmaniasis, its expansion toward a metropolitan area, and current measures taken to control the epidemic.
Exciton Gas Transport through Nanoconstrictions (2019)

An indirect exciton is a bound state of an electron and a hole in spatially separated layers. Two-dimensional indirect excitons can be created optically in heterostructures containing double quantum wells or atomically thin semiconductors. We study theoretically the transmission of such bosonic quasiparticles through nanoconstrictions. We show that the quantum transport phenomena, for example, conductance quantization, single-slit diffraction, two-slit interference, and the Talbot effect, are experimentally realizable in systems of indirect excitons. We discuss similarities and differences between these phenomena and their counterparts in electronic devices.
Efficient photon coupling from a diamond nitrogen vacancy center by integration with silica fiber (2015)

A central goal in quantum information science is to efficiently interface photons with single optical modes for quantum networking and distributed quantum computing. Here, we introduce and experimentally demonstrate a compact and efficient method for the low-loss coupling of a solid-state qubit, the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond, with a single-mode optical fiber. In this approach, single-mode tapered diamond waveguides containing exactly one high quality NV memory are selected and integrated on tapered silica fibers. Numerical optimization of an adiabatic coupler indicates that near-unity-efficiency photon transfer is possible between the two modes. Experimentally, we find an overall collection efficiency between 16% and 37% and estimate a single photon count rate at saturation above 700 kHz. This integrated system enables robust, alignment-free, and efficient interfacing of single-mode optical fibers with single photon emitters and quantum memories in solids.
Long-term Follow-up of Ulcerative Colitis in the Chinese Population (2009)

OBJECTIVES: The incidence of ulcerative colitis (UC) in Asia is increasing but reports on its long-term course are few. We set out to determine the incidence, prevalence, and survival rate of UC in the Chinese population and phenotypic stability by longitudinal follow-up. METHODS: A cohort of Chinese UC patients were followed up in a tertiary referral center in Hong Kong between 1985 and 2006. Clinical data were prospectively collected since 2001. Population statistics were obtained from the Census and Statistics Department of Hong Kong for the calculation of age-specific incidence, prevalence, and survival. The disease phenotypes at diagnosis and upon follow-up were documented. RESULTS: A total of 172 patients (51.7% men) with a median age at diagnosis of 37.0 years (range: 12.0-85.0) were included. The cohort was observed for a total of 1,393 person-years with a median follow-up duration of 7.0 years (range: 0.5-22.0). The age-standardized incidence and prevalence rates of UC per 100,000 were 2.1 (95% confidence interval, CI: 1.1-3.7) and 26.5 (95% CI: 22.6-30.9), respectively, in 2006. The 10-year cumulative rate of proximal extension was 23.8%. Only one patient developed colorectal cancer during the observation period. The cumulative colectomy rates were 2.4% and 7.6% at 1 and 10 years of follow-up. Overall survival was similar to that expected (P= 0.07). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of UC has increased sixfold in the past two decades in Hong Kong. The complication, colorectal cancer, and colectomy rates are low in Chinese patients but increase with duration of illness.
Thermal and plasma treatments for improved (sub-)1 nm equivalent oxide thickness planar and FinFET-based replacement metal gate high-k last devices and enabling a simplified scalable CMOS integration scheme (2014)

We report on aggressively scaled replacement metal gate, high- k last (RMG-HKL) planar and multi-gate fin field-effect transistor (FinFET) devices, systematically investigating the impact of post high- k deposition thermal (PDA) and plasma (SF 6 ) treatments on device characteristics, and providing a deeper insight into underlying degradation mechanisms. We demonstrate that: 1) substantially reduced gate leakage ( J G ) and noise can be obtained for both type of devices with PDA and F incorporation in the gate stack by SF 6 , without equivalent oxide thickness (EOT) penalty; 2) SF 6 enables improved mobility and reduced interface trapped charge density ( N it ) down to narrower fin devices [fin width ( W Fin ) ≥ 5 nm], mitigating the impact of fin patterning and fin sidewall crystal orientations, while allowing a simplified dual-effective work function (EWF) CMOS scheme suitable for both device architectures; 3) PDA yields smaller, in absolute values, PMOS threshold voltage | V T |, and substantially improved reliability behavior due to reduction of bulk defects.
Diverse pathogens activate the host RIDD pathway to subvert BLOS1-directed immune defense (2021)

Abstract The phagocytosis and destruction of pathogens in lysosomes constitute central elements of innate immune defense. Here, we show that Brucella , the causative agent of brucellosis, the most prevalent bacterial zoonosis globally, subverts this immune defense pathway by activating regulated IRE1α-dependent decay (RIDD) of mRNAs encoding BLOS1, a protein that promotes endosome-lysosome fusion. RIDD-deficient cells and mice harboring a RIDD-incompetent variant of IRE1α were resistant to infection. Non-functional Blos1 struggled to assemble the BLOC-1-related complex (BORC), resulting in differential recruitment of BORC-related lysosome trafficking components, perinuclear trafficking of Brucella -containing vacuoles (BCVs), and enhanced susceptibility to infection. The RIDD-resistant Blos1 variant maintains the integrity of BORC and a higher-level association of BORC-related components that promote centrifugal lysosome trafficking, resulting in enhanced BCV peripheral trafficking and lysosomal-destruction, and resistance to infection. These findings demonstrate that host RIDD activity on BLOS1 regulates Brucella intracellular parasitism by disrupting BORC-directed lysosomal trafficking. Notably, coronavirus MHV also subverted the RIDD-BLOS1 axis to promote intracellular replication. Our work therefore establishes BLOS1 as a novel immune defense factor whose activity is hijacked by diverse pathogens.
High-throughput contact critical dimension and gray level value measurement (2006)

A high-throughput e-beam monitoring system, eProfile®, is designed to quickly measure gray level value (GLV) and critical dimension (CD) of the structures of interest on product wafers. Two wafers are used in this study, one wafer is at after etch inspection (AEI) with contact mask focus exposure matrix (FEM), and another is normal exposure contact AEI wafer. High-throughput CD measurement of AEI wafer at holes with different patterns, such as semi-dense and SRAM array were measured with results matched the FEM expectation very well. The system is also be used to measure GLV of the SEM images on contact holes of a normal production wafer to reflected the under etch (high GLV) problem in a semi-dense hole pattern.
Guidance condition correction into the design of two dimensional nanophotonic devices (2011)

We quantify the importance of including finite thickness effects into the design of two dimensional nanophotonic metamaterial devices. Direct band diagram method and analytical guidance condition method are introduced and verified with nanostructured Lüneburg lens.
Plant Hatch Cooling Towers An Innovative Prototype (1997)

The twin $8 million cooling towers recently built for Georgia Power Company at Plant Hatch in Baxley, Georgia, represent a significant step forward in the design and construction of mechanical draft cooling towers. Precast, prestressed concrete products played a prominent role in rapidly building the two 12-cell cooling tower structures. This unusual project was the culmination of a sound design-build partnership between Tindall Concrete and Hamon Cooling Towers. Out of this relationship came a prototype incorporating some unique and innovative concepts for blending together both standard and custom designed products and details to produce two efficient, cost effective and highly durable finished structures. This article discusses the design concept, design considerations and structural innovations of the project, together with a description of the production, transportation and erection of the precast components.
Data from EZH2 Inhibition by Tazemetostat Results in Altered Dependency on B-cell Activation Signaling in DLBCL (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The EZH2 small-molecule inhibitor tazemetostat (EPZ-6438) is currently being evaluated in phase II clinical trials for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). We have previously shown that EZH2 inhibitors display an antiproliferative effect in multiple preclinical models of NHL, and that models bearing gain-of-function mutations in &lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; were consistently more sensitive to EZH2 inhibition than lymphomas with wild-type (WT) &lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt;. Here, we demonstrate that cell lines bearing &lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; mutations show a cytotoxic response, while cell lines with WT-&lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; show a cytostatic response and only tumor growth inhibition without regression in a xenograft model. Previous work has demonstrated that cotreatment with tazemetostat and glucocorticoid receptor agonists lead to a synergistic antiproliferative effect in both mutant and wild-type backgrounds, which may provide clues to the mechanism of action of EZH2 inhibition in WT-&lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; models. Multiple agents that inhibit the B-cell receptor pathway (e.g., ibrutinib) were found to have synergistic benefit when combined with tazemetostat in both mutant and WT-&lt;i&gt;EZH2&lt;/i&gt; backgrounds of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL). The relationship between B-cell activation and EZH2 inhibition is consistent with the proposed role of EZH2 in B-cell maturation. To further support this, we observe that cell lines treated with tazemetostat show an increase in the B-cell maturation regulator, &lt;i&gt;PRDM1&lt;/i&gt;/BLIMP1, and gene signatures corresponding to more advanced stages of maturation. These findings suggest that EZH2 inhibition in both mutant and wild-type backgrounds leads to increased B-cell maturation and a greater dependence on B-cell activation signaling. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 16(11); 2586–97. ©2017 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;