gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Update of melphalan 280 mg/m2 plus amifostine cytoprotection before autologous stem cell transplantation as part of initial therapy in multiple myeloma patients (2006)

7608 Background: Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) using melphalan 200 mg/m 2 is a standard part of inital therapy in younger multiple myeloma (MM) patients (pts). We have previously reported an augmented regimen of melphalan 280 mg/m 2 with the cytoprotectant agent amifostine (AF) to try to improve the anti-tumor response without increased mucosal toxicity (The Hematol J 2003; 4[suppl]: S207). We now update our experience with this regimen. Methods: Pts without disease progression and adequate organ function (creatinine clearance at least 60 cc/min) were eligible. Pts were treated as part of phase I-II trials approved by each center’s institutional review board. AF 740 mg/m 2 was given IV over 5–15 min 24 hr and 15 min prior to melphalan 280 mg/m 2 (infused over 15 min). Blood stem cells were reinfused 24 hrs later. The primary endpoint was response rate at day 100. Regimen-related toxicity using the Seattle criteria, progression-free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were also assessed. Results: 24 pts were transplanted between 5/99–7/02. Median age was 50 (32–65) yrs; 1 pt had primary amyloidosis; median beta2-microglobulin level at diagnosis was 1.98 (0.88–11.80) mg/L. Prior therapy included VAD in 14, dexamethasone alone in 7 plus other regimens in 7. Day 100 responses compared with with pre-ASCT values included CR in 11, near CR (immunofixation positivity only) in 1, VGPR (greater than 90% reduction in serum M protein) in 3, PR in 5 and stable disease in 3. Maximum grade of mucositis was 2 (5 pts); no grade 3 or 4 toxicity was seen. The median day of ANC recovery to 0.5 x 10 9 /L and median day of last platelet transfusion were 11 (6–16) and 10 (7–32), respectively. 4 received thalidomide (1 briefly), while 1 was treated with maintenance alpha interferon after day 100. Median follow-up is 52 (9–72) mos. 7 pts are alive without progression, including 5 in CR and 2 in PR. 16 have progressed at a median of 15 (7–36) mos post-ASCT. 8 have died from MM (7) or lung cancer (1). The 4 yr actuarial PFS is 28% (95% C.I. 34–76%) and OS 58% (95% C.I.11–47%). Conclusions: 1) Melphalan 280 mg/m 2 with AF is well-tolerated; 2) the CR + nCR + VGPR rate of 62% warrants further evaluation, perhaps as part of tandem transplants or in conjuction with novel agents. [Table: see text]
Supplementary Figure 2 from Imaging Pharmacodynamics of the α-Folate Receptor–Targeted Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor BGC 945 (2023)

Supplementary Figure 2 from Imaging Pharmacodynamics of the α-Folate Receptor–Targeted Thymidylate Synthase Inhibitor BGC 945
ChemInform Abstract: Stereochemical Congruence of Baeyer‐Villigerases. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and Generation of Highly Diverse Fluorinated Fragment Libraries and their Efficient Screening with Improved 19F NMR Methodology (2013)

Fragment screening performed with (19) F NMR spectroscopy is becoming increasingly popular in drug discovery projects. With this approach, libraries of fluorinated fragments are first screened using the direct-mode format of the assay. The choice of fluorinated motifs present in the library is fundamental in order to ensure a large coverage of chemical space and local environment of fluorine (LEF). Mono- and poly-fluorinated fragments to be included in the libraries for screening are selected from both in-house and commercial collections, and those that are ad hoc designed and synthesized. Additional fluorinated motifs to be included in the libraries derive from the fragmentation of compounds in development and launched on the market, and compounds contained in other databases (such as Integrity, PDB and ChEMBL). Complex mixtures of highly diverse fluorine motifs can be rapidly screened and deconvoluted in the same NMR tube with a novel on the fly combined procedure for the identification of the active molecule(s). Issues and problems encountered in the design, generation and screening of diverse fragment libraries of fluorinated compounds with (19) F NMR spectroscopy are analyzed and technical solutions are provided to overcome them. The versatile screening methodology described here can be efficiently applied in laboratories with limited NMR setup and could potentially lead to the increasing role of (19) F NMR in the hit identification and lead optimization phases of drug discovery projects.
Longitudinal Analysis of the Temporal Evolution of Acinetobacter baumannii Strains in Ohio, USA, by Using Rapid Automated Typing Methods (2012)

Genotyping methods are essential to understand the transmission dynamics of Acinetobacter baumannii. We examined the representative genotypes of A. baumannii at different time periods in select locations in Ohio, using two rapid automated typing methods: PCR coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PCR/ESI-MS), a form of multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), and repetitive-sequence-based-PCR (rep-PCR). Our analysis included 122 isolates from 4 referral hospital systems, in 2 urban areas of Ohio. These isolates were associated with outbreaks at 3 different time periods (1996, 2000 and 2005-2007). Type assignments of PCR/ESI-MS and rep-PCR were compared to each other and to worldwide (WW) clone types. The discriminatory power of each method was determined using the Simpson's index of diversity (DI). We observed that PCR/ESI-MS sequence type (ST) 14, corresponding to WW clone 3, predominated in 1996, whereas ST 12 and 14 co-existed in the intermediate period (2000) and ST 10 and 12, belonging to WW clone 2, predominated more recently in 2007. The shift from WW clone 3 to WW clone 2 was accompanied by an increase in carbapenem resistance. The DI was approximately 0.74 for PCR/ESI-MS, 0.88 for rep-PCR and 0.90 for the combination of both typing methods. We conclude that combining rapid automated typing methods such as PCR/ESI-MS and rep-PCR serves to optimally characterize the regional molecular epidemiology of A. baumannii. Our data also sheds light on the changing sequence types in an 11 year period in Northeast Ohio.
The accuracy of image registration for the brain and the nasopharynx using external anatomical landmarks (2000)

We investigated the accuracy of 3D image registration using markers that are repeatedly applied to external anatomical landmarks on the head. The purpose of this study is to establish a lower limit of the errors that would occur in, for instance, MRI-SPECT matching, which in some situations can only be achieved using external landmarks. Marker matching was compared with (single-modality) volume matching for 20 MRI scans. The results were compared with a published expression for the target registration error (TRE) which gives the 3D distribution of the mismatch between both scans. It was found that the main error source is reapplying the external markers on the anatomical landmarks. The published expression describes the relative distribution of the TRE in space well, but tends to underestimate the actual registration error. This deviation is due to anisotropy in the error distribution of the marker position (errors in the direction perpendicular to the skin surface are in general much smaller than errors in other directions). A simulation of marker matching with anisotropy in the errors confirmed this finding. With four reapplied markers, the TRE is 6 mm or smaller in most regions of the head.
Graphene-Based Conformal Devices (2014)

Despite recent progress in bendable and stretchable thin-film transistors using novel designs and materials, the development of conformal devices remains limited by the insufficient flexibility of devices. Here, we demonstrate the fabrication of graphene-based conformal and stretchable devices such as transistor and tactile sensor on a substrate with a convoluted surface by scaling down the device thickness. The 70 nm thick graphene-based conformal devices displayed a much lower bending stiffness than reported previously. The demonstrated devices provided excellent conformal coverage over an uneven animal hide surface without the need for an adhesive. In addition, the ultrathin graphene devices formed on the three-dimensionally curved animal hide exhibited stable electrical characteristics, even under repetitive bending and twisting. The advanced performance and flexibility demonstrated here show promise for the development and adoption of wearable electronics in a wide range of future applications.
Supplementary Figure 4 from Functional Characterization of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1–Like, a Novel Candidate for Antivascular Cancer Therapy (2023)

Supplementary Figure 4 from Functional Characterization of Filamin A Interacting Protein 1–Like, a Novel Candidate for Antivascular Cancer Therapy
Topical Treatment With an Agent Disruptive to P. acnes Biofilm Provides Positive Therapeutic Response: Results of a Randomized Clinical Trial. (2016)

The traditional disease model of acne has been one of follicular plugging due to 'sticky epithelial cells' associated with increased sebum production with deep follicular anaerobic conditions favoring <em>P. acnes</em>- generated inflammation. <em>P. acnes</em> biofilms have been found more frequently in patients with acne than controls. Biofilms are genetically coded to create adhesion to the pilosebaceous unit followed by production of a mucopolysaccharide coating capable of binding to lipid surfaces. Traditional therapies for acne have involved mixtures of oral and topical antibiotics admixed with topical keratolytics and retinoids, which are aimed at traditional bacterial reduction as well as downregulating the inflammatory cascade. These approaches are limited by side effect and compliance/tolerability issues. As the <em>P. acnes</em> biofilm may, in fact, be the instigator of this process, we studied the use of a topical agent designed to reduce the <em>P. acnes</em> biofilm to see if reducing the biofilm would be therapeutically efficacious. We present data of a proprietary topical non-prescription agent with a novel pharmaco mechanism designed to attack the biofilm produced by <em>P. acnes</em>. Our data shows a decrease of inflammatory lesions by 44% and non-inflammatory lesions by 32% after 12 weeks and also provided for a meaningful improvement in the quality of life of the patients in the study. These improvements were achieved with a product that was not associated with burning, chafing, irritation, or erythema, which can be seen with topical treatments. It is apparent from this study that by addressing the biofilm which protects the <em>P. acnes</em> bacteria through the use of the Acne Gel, the incidence of acne symptoms can be greatly reduced, while having no negative impacts on the patients' skin (ClinicalTrials.gov registry number NCT02404285). <br /><br /> <em>J Drugs Dermatol. </em>2016;15(6):677-683.
A multipurpose genetically engineered microstrip patch antennas: Bandwidth, gain, and polarization (2017)

Suspending microstrip patch antennas (MPAs) on air is a simple method of improving the bandwidth. However, the probe inductance limits the height of the MPA and hence the bandwidth since it adds a reactive impedance that mismatches the antenna. Proper selection of geometrical patch shape can introduce capacitive effects to compensate the probe inductance and improve the bandwidth. The selection of the geometry can be performed by using an optimizing technique. This article focuses on a multipurpose optimization problem where the optimization tool optimizes not only the bandwidth but also the gain along the broadside direction. Further, it is used to obtain linear polarization in a fixed direction over the whole bandwidth for broadside radiation. Genetic algorithm is used as the optimization technique to find the patch geometry and locate the feed position to achieve these objectives. A variably overlapping cell method has been used in search of the patch geometry. The performance improved MPA has a rectangular profile of 20 × 25 mm2 and operates around 4 GHz. The broadband antenna shows a fractional impedance bandwidth of 60% with S11<−10 dB. It also shows linear polarization and maximum radiation along the broadside direction across the bandwidth with a maximum broadside gain of 7 dB. The antenna has been fabricated and the measurements are in good agreement with the simulated results. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:941–949, 2017
Nucleoside-O-(2-Thiono-1,3,2-Oxathiaphospholane)S-Versatile Tools in the Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Analogues (1999)

The scope and limitations of 1,3,2-oxathiaphospholane ring opening condensation process are discussed with the emphasis paid to internucleotide bond formation and stereocontrolled synthesis of P-chiral phosphorothioate analogues of oligonucleotides.
More on Castor : the Scalable Secure Routing Protocol for Ad-hoc Networks (2009)

Wireless ad hoc networks are inherently vulnerable, as any node can disrupt the communication of potentially any other node in the network. Many solutions to this problem have been proposed. In this paper, we take a fresh and comprehensive approach, simultaneously addressing three aspects: security, scalability and adaptability to changing network conditions. Our communication protocol, Castor, occupies a unique point in the design space: it does not use any control messages except simple packet acknowledgments, and each node makes routing decisions locally and independently of other nodes without exchanging routing state with them. This novel design makes Castor resilient to a wide range of attacks and allows it to scale to large network sizes and to remain efficient under high mobility. We compare Castor against four representative protocols from the literature. Our protocol achieves up to two times higher packet delivery rates, particularly in large and highly volatile networks, incurs no or only limited additional overhead and it is able to survive more severe attacks and recovers from them faster.
Arsenic-spike epilayer technology applied to bipolar transistors (2001)

For the first time, epilayers with an arsenic-doped spike of 50 nm width have been grown and used in silicon bipolar junction transistors (BJTs). The epilayer has been optimized such that the collector-base junction of the BJT is formed within the arsenic spike. The counterdoping of boron out-diffusion by arsenic strongly reduces the basewidth. The portion of the spike that is not counterdoped increases the total amount of n-type doping in the collector without reducing BV/sub ceo/. The increased collector-doping allows a 60% higher collector current prior to f/sub T/ fall-off. Arsenic has a low diffusivity so very few constraints are put on the thermal budget of the final process. This high flexibility makes the presented epilayer technology a promising candidate to enhance a bipolar process significantly.
Roadmap on chalcogenide photonics (2022)

Abstract Alloys of sulfur, selenium and tellurium, often referred to as chalcogenide semiconductors, offer a highly versatile, compositionally-controllable material platform for a variety of passive and active photonic applications. They are optically nonlinear, photoconductive materials with wide transmission windows that present various high- and low-index dielectric, low-epsilon and plasmonic properties across ultra-violet, visible and infrared frequencies, in addition to an, non-volatile, electrically/optically induced switching capability between phase states with markedly different electromagnetic properties. This roadmap collection presents an in-depth account of the critical role that chalcogenide semiconductors play within various traditional and emerging photonic technology platforms. The potential of this field going forward is demonstrated by presenting context and outlook on selected socio-economically important research streams utilizing chalcogenide semiconductors. To this end, this roadmap encompasses selected topics that range from systematic design of material properties and switching kinetics to device-level nanostructuring and integration within various photonic system architectures.
Colorimetric Paper-based Detection of <em>Escherichia coli</em>, <em>Salmonella</em> spp., and <em>Listeria monocytogenes</em> from Large Volumes of Agricultural Water (2014)

This protocol describes rapid colorimetric detection of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria monocytogenes from large volumes (10 L) of agricultural waters. Here, water is filtered through sterile Modified Moore Swabs (MMS), which consist of a simple gauze filter enclosed in a plastic cartridge, to concentrate bacteria. Following filtration, non-selective or selective enrichments for the target bacteria are performed in the MMS. For colorimetric detection of the target bacteria, the enrichments are then assayed using paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) embedded with bacteria-indicative substrates. Each substrate reacts with target-indicative bacterial enzymes, generating colored products that can be detected visually (qualitative detection) on the µPAD. Alternatively, digital images of the reacted µPADs can be generated with common scanning or photographic devices and analyzed using ImageJ software, allowing for more objective and standardized interpretation of results. Although the biochemical screening procedures are designed to identify the aforementioned bacterial pathogens, in some cases enzymes produced by background microbiota or the degradation of the colorimetric substrates may produce a false positive. Therefore, confirmation using a more discriminatory diagnostic is needed. Nonetheless, this bacterial concentration and detection platform is inexpensive, sensitive (0.1 CFU/ml detection limit), easy to perform, and rapid (concentration, enrichment, and detection are performed within approximately 24 hr), justifying its use as an initial screening method for the microbiological quality of agricultural water.
Intermittent PTH administration improves alveolar bone formation in type 1 diabetic rats with periodontitis (2018)

Intermittent PTH administration diminishes alveolar bone loss and sclerostin expression in osteocytes, but increases osteoid formation and mineralization, suggesting that intermittent PTH administration attenuates diabetes-aggravated alveolar bone loss by the induction of bone formation. PTH-induced bone formation may be related to the regulation of osteocytic sclerostin expression in type 1 diabetic rats with periodontitis.
Learning a Partitioning Advisor for Cloud Databases (2020)

Cloud vendors provide ready-to-use distributed DBMS solutions as a service. While the provisioning of a DBMS is usually fully automated, customers typically still have to make important design decisions which were traditionally made by the database administrator such as finding an optimal partitioning scheme for a given database schema and workload. In this paper, we introduce a new learned partitioning advisor based on Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) for OLAP-style workloads. The main idea is that a DRL agent learns the cost tradeoffs of different partitioning schemes and can thus automate the partitioning decision. In the evaluation, we show that our advisor is able to find non-trivial partitionings for a wide range of workloads and outperforms more classical approaches for automated partitioning design.
A peroxidase-active aptazyme as an isothermally amplifiable label in an aptazyme-linked oligonucleotide assay for low-picomolar IgE detection (2012)

A peroxidase-active hemin-aptamer was clicked onto an immunoglobulin E (IgE) binding aptamer. The resulting bifunctional aptamer was successfully used in a highly sensitive aptazyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ALONA) for the detection of IgE. The sensitivity of the assay is enhanced by isothermal amplification of the aptazyme followed by colorimetric detection of the aptazyme's peroxidase activity, which can easily be evaluated even without advanced lab instruments.
Exciton localization in Al‐rich AlGaN ternary alloy epitaxial layers (2010)

Abstract Exciton localization in Al‐rich AlGaN ternary alloy epitaxial layers has been studied by means of temperature‐dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. Anomalous temperature dependence of the PL peak energy (red‐blue shift) was observed, which enabled us to estimate the localization energy of excitons. The localization energy increased as the 1.2th power of the exciton linewidth. The value of exponent for Al‐rich alloys was smaller than that for Ga‐rich alloys. This indicated that the excitons in Al‐rich alloys were strongly localized compared to that in Ga‐rich alloys. In addition, the exponent value for Al‐rich alloys increased with increasing excitation power density. This increase in the exponent suggested that the exciton population approached the extended states owing to the saturation of localized states by photo‐generated excess excitons. (© 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Soft Ionization (2016)

This document contains recommendations for terminology in mass spectrometry. Development of standard terms dates back to 1974 when the IUPAC Commission on Analytical Nomenclature issued recommendations on mass spectrometry terms and definitions. In 1978, the IUPAC Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy updated and extended the recommendations and made further recommendations regarding symbols, acronyms, and abbreviations. The IUPAC Physical Chemistry Division Commission on Molecular Structure and Spectroscopy’s Subcommittee on Mass Spectroscopy revised the recommended terms in 1991 and appended terms relating to vacuum technology. Some additional terms related to tandem mass spectrometry were added in 1993 and accelerator mass spectrometry in 1994. Owing to the rapid expansion of the field in the intervening years, particularly in mass spectrometry of biomolecules, a further revision of the recommendations has become necessary. This document contains a comprehensive revision of mass spectrometry terminology that represents the current consensus of the mass spectrometry community.
A 80 Mb/s low-power scalable turbo codec core (2003)

Turbo coding has reached the step in which its astonishing coding gain is already being proven in real applications. Moreover, its applicability to future broadband communications systems is starting to be investigated. In order to be useful in this domain, special turbo codec architectures that cope with low latency, high throughput, low power consumption and high flexibility are needed. This paper presents an implementation of a convolutional turbo codec core based on innovative solutions for those requirements. The combination of a systematic data storage and transfer optimization with high and low level architectural solutions yields a final throughput up to 80.7 Mb/s, a decoding latency of 10 /spl mu/s and a power consumption of less than 50 nJ/bit. The 14.7 mm/sup 2/ full-duplex full-parallel core, implemented in a CMOS 0.18 /spl mu/m technology, is a complete flexible solution for broadband turbo coding.
Digital Carrier Recovery Loop Using both Frequency Detector and Phase Detector for MPSK Systems (2007)

We propose a digital carrier recovery loop employing both a frequency detector and a phase detector for M-ary phase shift keying (MPSK) systems. A new frequency error correction function is also derived to increase the acquisition range. It is shown through computer simulation that the proposed scheme can reduce the acquisition time at large frequency offsets, unlike the existing ones.