gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Overhead Control Channels in Wireless Networks (2015)

Low-latency, low-overhead and reliable control channels are essential to the efficient operation of wireless networks. However, control channels that utilize current in-band and out-of-band designs do not fully meet this requirement. In this paper, we design and implement Aileron, a novel control channel based on automatic modulation recognition that carries control frames over an OFDM(A) PHY by varying the modulation rate of the OFDM subcarriers. With Aileron, the control information is embedded into the modulation type, not as the actual symbol value. The thus-transmitted information can be received with little to no frame synchronization. We have evaluated Aileron using both extensive simulations and real-world measurements, and discovered that control frames can be transmitted with more than 80 percent accuracy using only 10 OFDM blocks on a channel with SNR of merely 10 dB. In order to demonstrate its applicability and efficiency in realistic networking scenarios, we also show how Aileron can be used in conjunction with a fine-grained channel access protocol to increase throughput under heterogeneous link conditions.
Lack of association between the apolipoprotein B gene 3‘ hypervariable region alleles and coronary artery disease in Finnish patients with angiographically documented coronary artery disease (1992)

Previous studies have suggested that some apolipoprotein B (apoB) 3' variable number of tandem repeats (3'VNTR) locus alleles are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD). We examined the possible association between the apoB 3'VNTR alleles and CAD in 387 Finnish subjects. Using the polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the 3'VNTR genotype was determined in 187 individuals with severe CAD confirmed by coronary angiography (patients), in 121 individuals with normal coronary angiograms (controls), and in 79 apparently healthy subjects (normals). In contrast to previous reports from other populations, the larger apoB 3'VNTR alleles were not significantly more frequent among CAD patients than among controls or normals. In addition, there was no significant association between the 3'VNTR alleles and serum lipid levels in this Finnish population.
Minimum length synchronizing sequences of finite state machine (1993)

computing synchronizing sequences is an important step in
Advances in proposed D-Cluster inertial confiment fusion target (2010)

Our recent research has developed a technique for imbedding ultra high density deuterium "clusters" (D cluster) in Palladium (Pd) thin film. Experiments have shown that in Pd these condensed matter state clusters approach metallic conditions, exhibiting super conducting properties. This deuterium cluster is achieved through electrochemically loading-unloading deuterium into a thin metal film, such as Palladium (Pd). During the loading process, Palladium lattice expands significantly due to invasion of deuterium into the interstitial sites. With the large enough stress, some linear lattice imperfections, called dislocations, form at / transformation interface. These dislocation defects form a strong potential trap causing deuterium to condense. In the present study, a new method employing nano-structuring of the Pd is proposed to significantly improve the site density over the target volume, suggesting that a sizable region of the compressed target deuterium can reach densities an order of magnitude higher than possible with prior target designs. This improved cluster packing fraction will enable a significant increase of the fusion reaction burn density, hence the target burn-up efficiency.
Nanocrystalline silicon: lattice dynamics and enhanced thermoelectric properties (2014)

Silicon has several advantages when compared to other thermoelectric materials, but until recently it was not used for thermoelectric applications due to its high thermal conductivity, 156 W K(-1) m(-1) at room temperature. Nanostructuration as means to decrease thermal transport through enhanced phonon scattering has been a subject of many studies. In this work we have evaluated the effects of nanostructuration on the lattice dynamics of bulk nanocrystalline doped silicon. The samples were prepared by gas phase synthesis, followed by current and pressure assisted sintering. The heat capacity, density of phonons states, and elastic constants were measured, which all reveal a significant, ≈25%, reduction in the speed of sound. The samples present a significantly decreased lattice thermal conductivity, ≈25 W K(-1) m(-1), which, combined with a very high carrier mobility, results in a dimensionless figure of merit with a competitive value that peaks at ZT≈ 0.57 at 973 °C. Due to its easily scalable and extremely low-cost production process, nanocrystalline Si prepared by gas phase synthesis followed by sintering could become the material of choice for high temperature thermoelectric generators.
Identifying optimal input using multilevel radiomics and nested cross-validation for predicting pulmonary function in lung cancer patients treated with radiotherapy (2019)

Radiomics is a promising approach to identify patients at high risk of having pulmonary dysfunction caused by radiotherapy. This study aims to identify optimal radiomic input features for predicting pulmonary function. Forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured for 257 patients between 3 months prior to and 1 week after the first radiotherapy. FEV1/FVC ratio dichotomized at 70% was used as a target variable. Each patient had a radiotherapy planning CT and associated contours of gross tumor volume and left/right lungs. A total of 2,658 radiomic features were extracted and categorized into five levels: shape (S), first- (L1), second- (L2) and higher-order (L3) local texture, and global texture (G) features, as well as four multilevel groups: S+L1, S+L1+L2, S+L1+L2+L3, and S+L1+L2+L3+G. Nested cross-validation (NCV) was used to identify optimal input features. Cross-validated glmnet models optimized with unilevel or multilevel features were used to assess predictive performance on outer CV test sets. In unilevel analysis, the highest test AUC of 0.743&plusmn;0.067 was obtained from NCV models optimized with L1 features. The best performance was achieved from NCV models optimized with S+L1+L2 features with AUC of 0.752&plusmn;0.063. Paired Wilcoxon signed rank test results showed that AUC values of NCV models optimized with S, L2, L3, G or S+L1+L2+L3 features were statistically significantly different from those optimized with S+L1+L2 features (P&lt;0.05). The multilevel analysis strategy will help to handle and optimize radiomic input features.
Inhibition of EGFR and AKT Activity by Licochalcone H Inhibits Proliferation and Induces Apoptosis in Oxaliplatin-Sensitive and -Resistant Colorectal Cancer Cells (2023)

Licochalcone H (LCH), a regioisomer of licochalcone C derived from the root of Glycyrrhiza inflata. CRC treatment has always been challenged by the development of resistance. We investigated the antiproliferative activity of LCH in oxaliplatin (Ox)-sensitive and -resistant CRC cells. LCH significantly inhibited cell viability and colony growth in both Ox-sensitive and Ox-resistant CRC cells. We found that LCH decreased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and AKT kinase activities and related activating signaling proteins including phospho (p)-EGFR and pAKT. A computational docking model indicated that LCH may interact with EGFR, AKT1, and AKT2 at the ATP-binding sites. LCH induced ROS generation, as verified by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) treatment, and increased the expression of the ER stress markers. LCH treatment of CRC cells induced depolarization of MMP and increased. Multi-caspase activity was induced by LCH treatment and confirmed by Z-VAD-FMK treatment. LCH increased the number of subG1 cells and arrested the cell cycle at the G1 phase. LCH inhibits the growth of Ox-sensitive and Ox-resistant CRC cells by targeting EGFR and AKT, and inducing ROS generation and ER stress-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, LCH could be a potential therapeutic agent for improving not only Ox-sensitive but also Ox-resistant CRC treatment.
Expression and tyrosine phosphorylation of the T cell receptor zeta-subunit in human thymocytes (1991)

Recent evidence suggests that the zeta-subunit of the TCR complex plays a critical role in transducing signals initiated by the Ag receptor heterodimer. Because thymic maturation involves specific interactions between the TCR complex and thymic stromal cells, the zeta-subunit has been postulated to also play a role in this process. To assess the potential for zeta to contribute to thymocyte maturation, we have used an anti-zeta mAb (TIA-2) to quantitate its expression in mature (CD3bright) and immature (CD3dim and CD3-) populations of human thymocytes. Using both flow cytometric and immunoblotting analysis, we found that the relative expression of TCR-zeta varied directly with the surface expression of CD3. Importantly, TCR-zeta was detected in the majority of CD3- thymocytes, indicating that its expression precedes the surface appearance of CD3:TCR. In thymocytes, TCR-zeta was found to be constitutively phosphorylated on tyrosine residues. The relative expression of phospho-zeta varied directly with the maturational stage of the thymocyte, with the mature (CD3bright), single positive cells accounting for most of the phospho-zeta found in the human thymus. The expression of phospho-zeta could be significantly increased by activating thymocytes with mAb reactive with either CD3 or CD2. These results suggest that TCR-zeta is functionally linked to the major thymocyte activation receptors.
Meniscal Movement During the Gait Cycle Is Sensitive to the Attachment Properties of the Meniscal Horns (2009)

The menisci are integral structures within the knee that help provide conforming surfaces between the femoral and tibial cartilage by moving as the knee flexes and thus reducing the contact stresses on the articular cartilage in the knee throughout the knee’s wide range of motion [1]. The menisci are firmly rooted in the tibial plateau at the anterior and posterior horns with more lax attachment in central regions. Thus, the stiffness of these meniscal attachments at the horns is an important consideration when evaluating meniscal function. Hence it is crucial to properly represent the attachment of the menisci at the anterior and posterior horns when evaluating normal motion of the menisci during knee movement. While finite element (FE) models of the tibio-menisco-femoral joint have been useful tool in evaluating meniscal function, previous FE models [2–5] of the knee joint that include the meniscus have not addressed the movement of the menisci during daily activities. Yet it is precisely this mobility of the menisci that permits them to adapt to the movement of the articular surfaces during typical activities and prevent injuries. Thus, the objective of this study was to simulate meniscal motion during a portion of the gait cycle and investigate the sensitivity of meniscal attachment stiffness using a finite element model. A previously established method [4] for attaching the meniscal horns to the tibia was used and its material properties were varied to determine the sensitivity of the movement of the menisci to the properties of the attachments at the horns.
Reply to Stohner: On the significance of BMI-age dependence of exhaled aerosol (2021)

Stohner (1) mistakenly identifies the correlation drawn in our recent article (2) between exhaled aerosol and body mass index (BMI)-age as based on a figure legend to which the article does not itself allude. In our article (2), we establish that those individuals with high BMI-years (above 650) exhaled significantly more aerosol than those with low BMI-years (below 650). Those with BMI-years less than 650 exhaled a mean of 29.81 ± 9.83, and those with BMI-years above 650 exhaled a mean … [↵][1]1To whom correspondence may be addressed. Email: dedwards{at}seas.harvard.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Evidence for size-dependent mechanical properties from simulations of nanoscopic polymeric structures (2002)

Discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations of a model polymer have been conducted to investigate the glass transition of ultrathin films and the mechanical properties of nanoscopic structures. Continuum mechanics models have been applied to interpret simulation data and extract apparent Young’s Moduli. Consistent with experiments, the results of simulations indicate that the glass transition temperature of thin films can be higher or lower than that of the bulk, depending on the nature of polymer–substrate interactions. Simulations also indicate that the mechanical properties of nanoscopic structures can be considerably different from those of the bulk. An analysis of molecular strain distributions in nanostructures undergoing a deformation indicate that significant stress relaxation occurs at air–polymer interfaces. A comparison of these distributions to the results of continuum, finite-element calculations reveal pronounced differences between the continuum and molecular approaches.
Adversarial Contrastive Fourier Domain Adaptation for Polyp Segmentation (2022)

Due to the shortage of experienced endoscopists, Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) systems for colonoscopy have recently attracted many research interests. There exist several public polyp segmentation datasets, giving way to the adoptions of domain adaptation methods to address the shift in distributions. Current domain adaptation frameworks often comprise (i) a domain discriminator trained with an adversarial loss and (ii) an image-translation network. Due to the complexity of image-translation networks, such methods are generally hard to train to achieve satisfactory results. Hence, we propose a domain adaptation method that leverages Fourier transform as a simple alternative to the image-translation network. We introduce an adversarial contrastive training strategy to jointly learn an embedding space that considers both style and content of the sample. Our method demonstrated consistent gains over state-of-the-arts on polyp semantic segmentation task for four public datasets. The code is available at: https://github.com/tadeephuy/CoFo
Determination of Location-Specific Solidification Cracking Susceptibility for a Mixed Dissimilar Alloy Processed by Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (2022)

Solidification cracking is a major obstacle when joining dissimilar alloys using additive manufacturing. In this work, location-specific solidification cracking susceptibility has been investigated using an integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) approach for a graded alloy formed by mixing P91 steel and Inconel 740H superalloy. An alloy derived from a mixture of 26 wt.% P91 steel and 74 wt.% Inconel 740H, with high configurational and total entropy, was fabricated using wire-arc additive manufacturing. Microstructure characterization revealed intergranular solidification cracks, which increased in length along with the build height. With inputs from experiments, such as secondary dendrite arm spacing, the DICTRA (diffusion-controlled transformations) module within the Thermo-Calc software was used to model location-specific solidification cracking susceptibility. The top region, with the highest cooling rate, has the highest solidification cracking susceptibility and is in good agreement with the experimentally observed crack length. From Scheil simulations, it was deduced that pronounced segregation of Nb and Cu within the cracks increased the solidification range by suppressing the solidus temperature. The overall solidification cracking susceptibility and freezing range was highest for the 26 wt.% P91 alloy amongst the mixed compositions between P91 steel and 740H superalloy, proving that solidification characteristics play a major role in alloy design for additive manufacturing.
Plasma Levels of Soluble Interleukin-2 Receptor αSignificance: Associations With Clinical Cardiovascular Events and Genome-Wide Association Scan (2020)

Interleukin-2 receptor subunit alpha (IL-2Rα) regulates lymphocyte activation, which plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Associations between soluble IL-2Rα and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have not been widely studied and little is known about the genetic determinants of sIL-2Rα levels.
FSMI: Fast computation of Shannon Mutual Information for information-theoretic mapping (2019)

Exploration tasks are embedded in many robotics applications, such as search and rescue and space exploration. Information-based exploration algorithms aim to find the most informative trajectories by maximizing an information-theoretic metric, such as the mutual information between the map and potential future measurements. Unfortunately, most existing information-based exploration algorithms are plagued by the computational difficulty of evaluating the Shannon mutual information metric. In this paper, we consider the fundamental problem of evaluating Shannon mutual information between the map and a range measurement. First, we consider 2D environments. We propose a novel algorithm, called the Fast Shannon Mutual Information (FSMI). The key insight behind the algorithm is that a certain integral can be computed analytically, leading to substantial computational savings. Second, we consider 3D environments, represented by efficient data structures, e.g., an OctoMap, such that the measurements are compressed by Run-Length Encoding (RLE). We propose a novel algorithm, called FSMI-RLE, that efficiently evaluates the Shannon mutual information when the measurements are compressed using RLE. For both the FSMI and the FSMI-RLE, we also propose variants that make different assumptions on the sensor noise distribution for the purpose of further computational savings. We evaluate the proposed algorithms in extensive experiments. In particular, we show that the proposed algorithms outperform existing algorithms that compute Shannon mutual information as well as other algorithms that compute the Cauchy-Schwarz Quadratic mutual information (CSQMI). In addition, we demonstrate the computation of Shannon mutual information on a 3D map for the first time.
Multi-level 3-D Rotational Invariant Classification (2005)

A two-level 3D rotational invariant classification is developed based on fractional differencing model. In first level, classification has been done with a fractal scale, and in second level, textures have been classified further in detail with the additional frequency parameters. Because of the properties of the fractal scale and multi-level procedure, the proposed 3D rotational invariant classification scheme reduces the processing time and gives enough accuracy of the classification simultaneously. As a result of a series of experiments involving the differently oriented samples of natural textures, it is concluded that these combined features make possible for this multi-level classification method to have a strong class separability power for arbitrary oriented 3D texture patterns. >
Heterogeneous Link Asymmetry In Tdd Mode Cellular (2003)

Time Division Duplex systems provide great flexibility that can be used to implement asymmetrical links. Adverse interference conditions easily arise, however. Especially if different asymmetries ...
Phase Dependent Electrochemical Properties of Polar Self-Assembled Monolayers (SAMs) Modified via the Fusion of Mixed Phospholipid Vesicles (2003)

Unilamellar vesicles of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) and varying quantities of either 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-rac-(1-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DMPG) or 1,2-dimyristoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (chloride salt) (DMTAP) were used to deposit lipid bilayer assemblies on self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on gold. The supporting SAMs in turn were composed of ferrocene-functionalized hexadecanethiol chains (FcC16SH) diluted to low coverage in 1-hydroxylhexadecanethiol (HOC16SH) or a single-component monolayer phase of the latter. The mass coverages of the DMPC/DMPG layers deposited in this way were measured using surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and found to decrease with an increasing content of DMPG in the vesicles. The SPR data show that the lipid assembly, while stable with respect to gentle rinsing in aqueous buffer, is reversible and the lipid adlayer is removable by immersion in a solvent such as ethanol. The effects of the adsorbed lipid layer on the electrochemical interactions of the hybrid lipid/SAM with several redox probes [e.g., K4Fe(CN)6, Ru(NH3)6Cl3, and CsHsFe-[(C5H4CH2N+H(CH3)2] were characterized using cyclic voltammetry (CV). At a composition of 5% DMPG in DMPC, the permeabilities of the probes through the lipid layer were affected significantly relative to that observed with a pure DMPC layer. These effects include a striking observation of an enhanced, ionic-charge-specific molecular discrimination of the electrochemical probes. At higher concentrations of the DMPG, significant permeation of the lipid adlayer was seen for all the probes. These latter changes are also attended by a significant increase in the capacitive currents measured in CV experiments as compared to those observed for either a pure SAM or one modified by only DMPC. This effect likely results from the influence of the charged lipid on the diffuse Gouy-Chapman electrolyte layer at the SAM interface. In contrast to the behaviors seen with DMPG, the incorporation of DMTAP into the adsorbed DMPC had no impact on the permeation of the adlayer by soluble redox probes as judged by the observed electrochemistry, a result that appears to correlate with a less ideal mixing of lipids in the DMPC/DMTAP system relative to that of a DMPC/DMPG mixture.
Meeting report from the Prostate Cancer Foundation PSMA‐directed radionuclide scientific working group (2018)

This article reviews the major topics discussed at the meeting with the goal of promoting research that will validate and optimize the use of PSMA-targeted radionuclide therapies for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Immunotherapy of advanced or metastatic melanoma. (2007)

Melanoma is often evaluated for the development of anticancer immunotherapeutics. Fascinating immune and clinical responses in small numbers of patients have prompted various approaches, ranging from nonspecific immune stimulation to therapies that target specific antigens. Unfortunately, these immune therapies have often shown limited success and objective responses have been seen in only a modest subset of patients. The challenge has been to identify factors that can lead to more consistent clinical benefit and to develop strategies to overcome the obstacles to successful antitumor immunity. Over the last 15 years many immune targets have been identified in cancers and the mechanisms underpinning clinical responses have become better understood. Furthermore, new ways to manipulate anticancer immunity are making it possible to overcome cancer immune evasion and subversion. New therapeutic strategies are resulting from these emerging insights into the relationship between melanoma and the host immune response.