gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of a Protective Single-Dose Intranasal Nanoparticle-Based Vaccine Platform for Respiratory Infectious Diseases (2011)

Despite the successes provided by vaccination, many challenges still exist with respect to controlling new and re-emerging infectious diseases. Innovative vaccine platforms composed of adaptable adjuvants able to appropriately modulate immune responses, induce long-lived immunity in a single dose, and deliver immunogens in a safe and stable manner via multiple routes of administration are needed. This work describes the development of a novel biodegradable polyanhydride nanoparticle-based vaccine platform administered as a single intranasal dose that induced long-lived protective immunity against respiratory disease caused by Yesinia pestis, the causative agent of pneumonic plague. Relative to the responses induced by the recombinant protein F1-V alone and MPLA-adjuvanted F1-V, the nanoparticle-based vaccination regimen induced an immune response that was characterized by high titer and high avidity IgG1 anti-F1-V antibody that persisted for at least 23 weeks post-vaccination. After challenge, no Y. pestis were recovered from the lungs, livers, or spleens of mice vaccinated with the nanoparticle-based formulation and histopathological appearance of lung, liver, and splenic tissues from these mice post-vaccination was remarkably similar to uninfected control mice.
Organizing Production in a Large Economy (1983)

We show that in a large production economy, the cost of collecting the information required by a planner to set nearly optimal prices is negligible relative to the total output of the economy. The cost of collecting the information required to set a nearly optimal production plan for each firm in the economy is not negligible. This conclusion stands in contrast to common opinion that determining optimal prices requires as much information as determining an optimal plan.
Note. Satisfying Due Dates in Large Job Shops (1998)

For the multi-machine job shop scheduling problem, a conceptually simple simulation-based procedure (first proposed by Lawrence and Morton 1986) is shown to be both effective and efficient in providing optimal, or near optimal, schedules for minimizing the maximum lateness, L max . Computational experimentation is used to identify the conditions under which the approach is most viable.
Multi-objective 3D Path Planning for UAVs in Large-Scale Urban Scenarios (2022)

In the context of real-world path planning applications for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs), aspects such as handling of multiple objectives (e.g., minimizing risk, path length, travel time, energy consumption, or noise pollution), generation of smooth trajectories in 3D space, and the ability to deal with urban environments have to be taken into account jointly by an optimization algorithm to provide practically feasible solutions. Since the currently available methods do not allow for that, in this paper, we propose a holistic approach for solving a Multi-Objective Path Planning (MOPP) problem for UAVs in a three-dimensional, large-scale urban environment. For the tackled optimization problem, we propose an energy model and a noise model for a UAV, following a smooth 3D path. We utilize a path representation based on 3D Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS). As optimizers, we use a conventional version of an Evolution Strategy (ES), two standard Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms (MOEAs) - NSGA2 and MO-CMA-ES, and a gradient-based L-BFGS-B approach. To guide the optimization, we propose hybrid versions of the mentioned algorithms by applying an advanced initialization scheme that is based on the exact bidirectional Dijkstra algorithm. We compare the different algorithms with and without hybrid initialization in a statistical analysis, which considers the number of function evaluations and quality features of the obtained Pareto fronts indicating convergence and diversity of the solutions. We evaluate the methods on a realistic 3D urban path planning scenario in New York City, based on real-world data exported from OpenStreetMap. The examination's results indicate that hybrid initialization is the main factor for the efficient identification of near-optimal solutions.
Two-Dimensional Structure of β-Amyloid(10−35) Fibrils (2000)

Beta-amyloid (Abeta) peptides are the main protein component of the pathognomonic plaques found in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease. These heterogeneous peptides adopt a highly organized fibril structure both in vivo and in vitro. Here we use solid-state NMR on stable, homogeneous fibrils of Abeta(10-35). Specific interpeptide distance constraints are determined with dipolar recoupling NMR on fibrils prepared from a series of singly labeled peptides containing (13)C-carbonyl-enriched amino acids, and skipping no more that three residues in the sequence. From these studies, we demonstrate that the peptide adopts the structure of an extended parallel beta-sheet in-register at pH 7.4. Analysis of DRAWS data indicates interstrand distances of 5.3 +/- 0.3 A (mean +/- standard deviation) throughout the entire length of the peptide, which is compatible only with a parallel beta-strand in-register. Intrastrand NMR constraints, obtained from peptides containing labels at two adjacent amino acids, confirm the secondary structural findings obtained using DRAWS. Using peptides with (13)C incorporated at the carbonyl position of adjacent amino acids, structural transitions from alpha-helix to beta-sheet were observed at residues 19 and 20, but using similar techniques, no evidence for a turn could be found in the putative turn region comprising residues 25-29. Implications of this extended parallel organization for Abeta(10-35) for overall fibril formation, stability, and morphology based upon specific amino acid contacts are discussed.
Polarizing mirror/absorber for visible wavelengths based on a silicon subwavelength grating: design and fabrication (1998)

A one-dimensional 280-nm period silicon grating designed to exhibitpolarization-dependent reflection or antireflection behavior at visiblewavelengths has been fabricated and tested. For normally incident575-nm light, this grating reflects less than 3% of the incidentradiation polarized perpendicular to the grating grooves andapproximately 23% of the orthogonal polarization. To demonstratethe grating's broadband characteristics, reflectance measurements arepresented over the free-space wavelength range 475 nm < lambda(0) < 800 nm, for angles of incidence in the range 0 degrees < theta < 40 degrees , for polarization parallel and perpendicular to thegrating grooves, and for planes of incidence parallel and perpendicularto the grooves. A description of the fabrication process is alsogiven.
Demo hour (2016)

The ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) is the premier forum for innovations in human-computer interfaces. This year, we curated more than 40 demonstrations, aimed to allow conference attendees to look, touch, and witness new and inspiring technologies live. Here, we selected four projects that showcase the very best in the community. Chris Harrison and Nicolai Marquardt, UIST 2015 Demo Committee Chairs
Phosphorylation-dependent substrate selectivity of protein kinase B (AKT1) (2020)

Protein kinase B (AKT1) is a central node in a signaling pathway that regulates cell survival. The diverse pathways regulated by AKT1 are communicated in the cell via the phosphorylation of perhaps more than 100 cellular substrates. AKT1 is itself activated by phosphorylation at Thr-308 and Ser-473. Despite the fact that these phosphorylation sites are biomarkers for cancers and tumor biology, their individual roles in shaping AKT1 substrate selectivity are unknown. We recently developed a method to produce AKT1 with programmed phosphorylation at either or both of its key regulatory sites. Here, we used both defined and randomized peptide libraries to map the substrate selectivity of site-specific, singly and doubly phosphorylated AKT1 variants. To globally quantitate AKT1 substrate preferences, we synthesized three AKT1 substrate peptide libraries: one based on 84 "known" substrates and two independent and larger oriented peptide array libraries (OPALs) of ∼10<sup>11</sup> peptides each. We found that each phospho-form of AKT1 has common and distinct substrate requirements. Compared with pAKT1<sup>T308</sup>, the addition of Ser-473 phosphorylation increased AKT1 activities on some, but not all of its substrates. This is the first report that Ser-473 phosphorylation can positively or negatively regulate kinase activity in a substrate-dependent fashion. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the OPAL-activity data effectively discriminate known AKT1 substrates from closely related kinase substrates. Our results also enabled predictions of novel AKT1 substrates that suggest new and expanded roles for AKT1 signaling in regulating cellular processes.
A 50 Gbps 134 GHz 16 QAM 3 m Dielectric Waveguide Transceiver System Implemented in 22nm CMOS (2021)

A 134 GHz 16 QAM fully-packaged transceiver system for dielectric waveguides with >12 GHz of RF bandwidth built in 22nm CMOS achieves a measured EVM of -19.8 dB (~5x10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> BER) at a reach of 3 meters at a 50 Gbps data rate at a total power consumption of 494 mW from a 1.0 V supply. It achieves a FoM of 3.3 pJ/bit/m with the highest reported data rate at a distance greater than 2 m to date.
Price and Advertising Signals of Product Quality (1984)

We present a signalling model, based on ideas of Phillip Nelson, in which both the introductory price and the level of directly "uninformative" advertising or other dissipative marketing expenditures are choice variables and may be used as signals for the initially unobservable quality of a newly introduced experience good. Repeat purchases play a crucial role in our model.
Chromatic Imbalance Due to Commonly Used Red-Green Filters Reduces Accuracy of Stereoscopic Depth Perception (1987)

This study was designed to determine the effect on stereopsis of interocular retinal chromatic and illuminance imbalance in 30 subjects with normal binocularity. A Randot 3 Circle Stereotest, viewed through polarizing glasses only, was the control condition. In each of three additional conditions, illuminance and chromatic imbalances were created by commonly used red and green filters and neutral density filters combined with the polarizing filters. The effect of each of these experimental conditions on stereopsis was determined by comparing total stereo judgement errors on the Randot Circle Stereotest for each condition to the control condition. Total average flux through the filter combinations was held constant by adjusting the luminance level of light reflected from the target. The chromatic imbalance created by the red-green filters significantly increased the number of stereo judgment errors (37%, p less than 0.05). However, illuminance imbalance (0.2 log units) of the magnitude created by the red-green filters did not significantly increase the number of errors (2.9%, p less than 0.65). Finally, the combined illuminance and chromatic imbalance created by the red-green filters significantly increased the error frequency (46%, p less than 0.05). The chromatic imbalance caused by red-green glasses significantly degrades stereopsis, whereas the illuminance imbalance caused by these filters has no significant effect on stereopsis.
Ocular Gene Transfer with Self-Complementary AAV Vectors (2021)

PURPOSE. Self-complementary AAV (scAAV) vectors have been developed to circumvent rate-limiting second-strand synthesis in single-stranded AAV vector genomes and to facilitate robust transgene expression at a minimal dose. In this study, the authors investigated the effects of intraocular injections of type 2 scAAV.GFP in mice. METHODS. Dose-response experiments were performed to compare conventional single-strand AAV type 2 (ssAAV2) vectors with scAAV2 vectors encoding an identical expression cassette. RESULTS. Subretinal injection of 5 X 108viral particles (vp) of scAAV.CMV-GFP resulted in green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression in almost all retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells within the area of the small detachment caused by the injection by 3 days and strong, diffuse expression by 7 days. Expression was strong in all retinal cell layers by days 14 and 28. In contrast, 3 days after subretinal injection of 5 X 108vp of ssAAV.CMV-GFP, GFP expression was detectable in few RPE cells. Moreover, the ssAAV vector required 14 days for the attainment of expression levels comparable to those observed using scAAV at day 3. Expression in photoreceptors was not detectable until day 28. Dose-response experiments confirmed that onset of GFP expression was more rapid and robust after subretinal injection of scAAV.CMV-GFP than of ssAAV.CMV-GFP, resulting in pronounced expression in photoreceptors and other retinal neurons. Similar results were obtained for intravitreous injections. CONCLUSIONS. These data suggest that scAAV vectors may be advantageous for ocular gene therapy, particularly in retinal diseases that require rapid and robust transgene expression in photoreceptor cells.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Preparation of Aryl Sulfides Using Palladium Catalysis under Mild Conditions. (2011)

Abstract A facile method for the synthesis of aryl sulfides (29 examples) via a convenient C—S cross‐coupling of aryl bromides and thiols is developed.
Polymeric multimode waveguide based electro-optic modulator with a vertically configured dumping planar waveguide (2002)

An electro-optic modulator based on a polymeric multimode waveguide coupler was developed. A guiding multimode waveguide with a vertically configured dumping planar waveguide was employed in the design to increase the device packing density. A modulation depth of 91% at 1330 nm was experimentally achieved. This device shows that the multimode optical waveguide with the vertically configured dumping planar waveguide is promising in electro-optic modulator designs. This modulator can be used in multimode optical interconnection systems such as data communications and fiber sensor networks.
FABRICATION OF CARBON NANOTUBES ON INTER-DIGITATED METAL ELECTRODE FOR SWITCHABLE NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES (2012)

This paper reports the modeling and characterization of interdigitated rows of carbon nanotube electrodes used to address a liquid crystal media. Finite Element Method modeling of the nanotube arrays was performed to analyze the static electric fields produced to find suitable electrode geometry. A device was fabricated based on the simulation results and electro optics characteristics of the device are presented. This finding has applications in the development of micron and submicron pixels, precise beem steering and nanotube based active back planes.
Off-target and a portion of target-specific siRNA mediated mRNA degradation is Ago2 ‘Slicer’ independent and can be mediated by Ago1 (2009)

It is known that siRNAs are capable of reducing expression of non-target genes due to the interaction of the siRNA guide strand with a partially complementary site on the 'off-target' mRNA. In the current study, we show that reduction of cellular Ago2 levels has no effect on off-target reduction of endogenous genes and that off-target degradation of mRNA can occur even in an Ago2 knockout cell line. Using antisense mediated reduction of Ago proteins and chemically modified cleavage- and binding-deficient siRNAs, we demonstrate that siRNA mediated off-target reduction is Ago2 cleavage independent, but does require siRNA interaction with either Ago1 or Ago2 and the RISC-loading complex. We also show that depletion of P-body associated proteins results in a reduction of off-target siRNA-mediated degradation of mRNA. Finally, we present data suggesting that a significant portion of on-target siRNA activity is also Ago2 cleavage independent, however, this activity does not appear to be P-body associated.
Task group 284 report: magnetic resonance imaging simulation in radiotherapy: considerations for clinical implementation, optimization, and quality assurance (2021)

The use of dedicated magnetic resonance simulation (MR-SIM) platforms in Radiation Oncology has expanded rapidly, introducing new equipment and functionality with the overall goal of improving the accuracy of radiation treatment planning. However, this emerging technology presents a new set of challenges that need to be addressed for safe and effective MR-SIM implementation. The major objectives of this report are to provide recommendations for commercially available MR simulators, including initial equipment selection, siting, acceptance testing, quality assurance, optimization of dedicated radiation therapy specific MR-SIM workflows, patient-specific considerations, safety, and staffing. Major contributions include guidance on motion and distortion management as well as MRI coil configurations to accommodate patients immobilized in the treatment position. Examples of optimized protocols and checklists for QA programs are provided. While the recommendations provided here are minimum requirements, emerging areas and unmet needs are also highlighted for future development.
Overcoming the Kerr-Induced Capacity Limit in Optical Fiber Communications (2017)

Author(s): Temprana Giraldo, Eduardo | Advisor(s): Radic, Stojan | Abstract: Wavelength Division Multiplexed optical networks serve as the backbone of the telecommunications infrastructure around the world. Presently, the dominant impairment in such systems is the Kerr-induced nonlinear crosstalk, which imposes a fundamental limit to their information-carrying capacity. Until recently, digital signal processing-based approaches used for the compensation of nonlinear crosstalk have had limited success for reasons that have remained unclear. In this dissertation, the frequency stability and mutual coherence of the optical carriers is for the first time proven to play a critical role in Kerr-mediated interactions.As a solution, optical frequency combs are leveraged to provide a stable frequency reference, enabling the precompensation of nonlinear crosstalk in multichannel systems. Supporting experimental demonstrations indicate that the fiber capacity and system reach can be significantly increased over previously established limits. This dissertation accordingly proposes and validates three different comb-based frequency-referenced transmitter architectures, and finally, an experiment encompassing the developed groundwork is demonstrated to achieve record nonlinearity cancellation in a state-of-the-art high-capacity system.
D-microGeiger: a microfabricated beta-particle detector with dual cavities for energy spectroscopy (2005)

This paper reports on micromachined Geiger counters fabricated from stacks of glass and Si wafers. As a beta particle passes through, a bias applied between two enclosed electrodes generates electron cascades in the gas between them. This results in a current pulse or "count". A single die of 2 cm/sup 2/ had 6 independent chambers ranging in size from 8/spl times/8 mm/sup 2/ to 1/spl times/3 mm/sup 2/. Helium and neon, which have different voltage bias requirements, were separately evaluated as background gases. In tests the device was found to detect incident beta particles from a Uranium-238, and calibrated /sup 90/Sr, /sup 60/Co, and /sup 204/T1 sources, of 0.1-1 /spl mu/Curie strength. In the D-microGeiger incident beta particles pass through two independent cavities that are separated by a glass barrier, which provides calibrated energy absorption. By comparing the counts in the two cavities, information about the energy of the radiation is determined. This provides an inherent ability to discern the chemical nature of the isotope, not just the presence of radiation.
MISO antenna array OC pre-RAKE transmitter with MRC post-RAKE receiver (2003)

The optimal independent space independent time (ISIT) pre-correction transmit equalizer solution is derived for a multiple-in single-out (MISO) antenna array wireless communication system using an input referred noise model. A combined time division multiplexed (TDM) spread spectrum (SS) system is analyzed. Using knowledge of the channel state, the transmit equalizer solution combats frequency selective channel induced multipath (MP) interchip interference (ICI). The time invariant subset of the optimal ISIT solution is defined equal to the optimal combining (OC) pre-RAKE equalizer. The maximum of the OC pre-RAKE weights is proposed as a spatial only transmit weight, suitable for a multiuser CDMA downlink, and compared to a weight based upon the maximum eigenmode of the channel state. Bit error rate (BER) simulations illustrate that pre-correction weights derived from the optimal ISIT solution outperform the maximal ratio combining (MRC) pre-RAKE and the eigenmode based solution.
Synthesis and polymerization of various vinyl‐type monomers containing the pyrrole ring (1973)

Abstract Vinyl‐type monomers containing the pyrrole ring, such as 2‐vinylpyrrole (2‐VPyrr), N ‐(pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylacrylamide (PMA), N ‐methyl, N ‐(pyrrol‐2‐yl)methylacrylamide (MPMA), 2‐allylpyrrole (2‐AP), β‐(pyrrol‐1‐yl)ethyl vinyl ether (PEVE), 2‐diallyl‐aminomethylpyrrole (DAMP), and 3‐(2‐pyrrolylmethyleneimino)propene‐1 (PIP) were synthesized by various reactions involving characteristic properties of the pyrrole ring. Radical homopolymerizations and copolymerizations of these monomers were studied. In the homopolymerization of conjugated monomers such as 2‐VPyrr and PMA, chain transfer to the pyrrole‐containing monomer was remarkable but not degradative. The copolymerization parameters, that is, the values of r 1 , r 2 , Q 1 , and e 1 of 2‐VPyrr, were determined to be 0.066, 0.69, 5.53, and −1.36, respectively in the copolymerization of 2‐VPyrr (M 1 ) with MMA (M 2 ). The Q and e values of the monomers containing a heteroaromatic ring such as 2‐vinylpyrrole, 2‐vinylfuran, and 2‐vinylthiophene were evaluated by the molecular orbital theory. The e value of PMA was found to be negative (−0.64) in the copolymerization with styrene, although e for acrylamide derivatives is generally positive. This may be explained by the intermolecular hydrogen bonding between the carbonyl group and NH group of PMA. That is, attraction or polarization of π‐electrons in the vinyl group of PMA is weakened by such hydrogen bonding. From the results of copolymerization of 2‐AP with various comonomers, the comonomers could be classified into three categories: class a monomers, in which both Q and e values are largely positive, can copolymerize with 2‐AP; class b monomers, having small e values, homopolymerize and can not copolymerize with 2‐AP; class c monomers, in which both Q and e values are small. The Q and e values of the comonomer must be largely positive in order to permit copolymerization with an allyl‐type monomer.