gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fatal Neurodissemination and SARS-CoV-2 Tropism in K18-hACE2 Mice Is Only Partially Dependent on hACE2 Expression (2022)

Animal models recapitulating COVID-19 are critical to enhance our understanding of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis. Intranasally inoculated transgenic mice expressing human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 under the cytokeratin 18 promoter (K18-hACE2) represent a lethal model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We evaluated the clinical and virological dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 using two intranasal doses (10<sup>4</sup> and 10<sup>6</sup> PFUs), with a detailed spatiotemporal pathologic analysis of the 10<sup>6</sup> dose cohort. Despite generally mild-to-moderate pneumonia, clinical decline resulting in euthanasia or death was commonly associated with hypothermia and viral neurodissemination independent of inoculation dose. Neuroinvasion was first observed at 4 days post-infection, initially restricted to the olfactory bulb suggesting axonal transport via the olfactory neuroepithelium as the earliest portal of entry. Absence of viremia suggests neuroinvasion occurs independently of transport across the blood-brain barrier. SARS-CoV-2 tropism was neither restricted to ACE2-expressing cells (e.g., AT1 pneumocytes), nor inclusive of some ACE2-positive cell lineages (e.g., bronchiolar epithelium and brain vasculature). Absence of detectable ACE2 protein expression in neurons but overexpression in neuroepithelium suggest this as the most likely portal of neuroinvasion, with subsequent ACE2 independent lethal neurodissemination. A paucity of epidemiological data and contradicting evidence for neuroinvasion and neurodissemination in humans call into question the translational relevance of this model.
Heterophile igm, iga, and ige antibodies in infectious mononucleosis (1989)

Fifty infectious mononucleosis (IM) and 150 non-infectious mononucleosis (non-IM) sera were tested by a hemadsorption immunocapture test (HIT) for the detection of heterophile antibodies of IgM, IgA, and IgE classes. The specificity of Paul-Bunnell (PB) antibodies was ascertained by a differential absorption test. IgM PB-antibodies were demonstrated in 100% of IM sera, IgA in 92%, and IgE in 88%. PB antibodies were present only in IM sera; but other heterophile antibodies of IgM (68%), IgA (6.7%), and IgE (9.3%) classes were demonstrated in non-IM sera. IgA and IgE heterophile antibodies were thus present, especially in IM sera. HIT was found to be more sensitive than Paul-Bunnell Davidsohn test (PBD test) and suitable for the diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis.
Paraphrastic neural network language models (2014)

Expressive richness in natural languages presents a significant challenge for statistical language models (LM). As multiple word sequences can represent the same underlying meaning, only modelling the observed surface word sequence can lead to poor context coverage. To handle this issue, paraphrastic LMs were previously proposed to improve the generalization of back-off n-gram LMs. Paraphrastic neural network LMs (NNLM) are investigated in this paper. Using a paraphrastic multi-level feedforward NNLM modelling both word and phrase sequences, significant error rate reductions of 1.3% absolute (8% relative) and 0.9% absolute (5.5% relative) were obtained over the baseline n-gram and NNLM systems respectively on a state-of-the-art conversational telephone speech recognition system trained on 2000 hours of audio and 545 million words of texts.
Genome-Wide Association Study of Survival in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Receiving Platinum-Based Chemotherapy (2011)

These results have the potential to contribute to the future development of personalized chemotherapy treatments for individual NSCLC patients.
Two Families of Algorithms to Film Sport Events with Flying Robots (2013)

International audience
Spatially Averaging Electrodes (2009)

Both potentiometric and voltammetric measurements report on the concentration of the analyte in the closest layer of the sample solution that is unperturbed by the measurement. Besides this local concentration, the solution composition within the thin boundary layer adjacent to the electrode|solution interface is influenced also by local mass transport and other electrochemical processes necessary for signal transduction. This local perturbation of concentrations is typically corrected for by calibration so that the ultimate output of the measurement is the local concentration, at a distance of a few micrometers to about 100 microm from the electrode surface. In contrast to many optical techniques, the electrochemical approach is therefore only capable of measuring local concentrations but cannot be used to assess three-dimensional (3D)-averaged bulk concentrations of inhomogeneous samples. This may pose a problem in very small samples where homogenization by stirring is difficult. We present here the concept of spatially averaging electrodes that can, due to their special design, report 3D spatially averaged bulk concentration of inhomogeneous samples that have some type of symmetry. Within a given type of symmetry an infinite variation of concentration distribution may exist. We illustrate the concept of spatially averaging electrodes with results obtained in microliter-sized hemispherical samples with a source in the center of the drop.
Microstructural analysis of 9.7% efficient Cu2ZnSnSe4 thin film solar cells (2014)

This work presents a detailed analysis of the microstructure and the composition of our record Cu2ZnSnSe4 (CZTSe)-CdS-ZnO solar cell with a total area efficiency of 9.7%. The average composition of the CZTSe crystallites is Cu1.94Zn1.12Sn0.95Se3.99. Large crystals of ZnSe secondary phase (up to 400 nm diameter) are observed at the voids between the absorber and the back contact, while smaller ZnSe domains are segregated at the grain boundaries and close to the surface of the CZTSe grains. An underlying layer and some particles of CuxSe are observed at the Mo-MoSe2-Cu2ZnSnSe4 interface. The free surface of the voids at the back interface is covered by an amorphous layer containing Cu, S, O, and C, while the presence of Cd, Na, and K is also observed in this region.
Germanium devices: hybrid integration and substrate removal (2001)

In this paper we present a new technique for the hybrid integration of thin-film Metamorphic HEMTs grown on Germanium. Substrate removal is essential in this process, both to improve the performance of the devices and to facilitate the integration.
Experimental verification of optimal flux weakening in surface PM machines using concentrated windings (2005)

Previous analytical work has shown that it is possible to design surface PM (SPM) machines using fractional-slot concentrated windings to achieve wide speed ranges of constant power operation by satisfying the optimal flux-weakening condition. This paper presents a 6 kW 36-slot/30-pole concentrated winding prototype SPM machine that has been designed using a closed-form analytical technique developed specifically for this class of machines. Experimental testing of this machine has been carried out to determine its performance capabilities, including flux-weakening operation. Detailed comparisons between analytical, finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental results are presented that confirm the ability of fractional-slot concentrated winding SPM machines to achieve their high-speed operating objectives. Important issues including the machine's back-emf voltage at top speed, eddy current losses in the magnets, and inverter performance are analyzed and discussed in detail.
Fitting Sophisticated Facial Animation Models to Image Data (1997)

We show that we can effectively fit arbitrarily complex animation models to noisy image data. Our approach is based on the use a set of progressively finer control triangulations and takes advantage of two complementary sources of information: stereo data and silhouette edges.
Deterministic rule based traffic descriptors for broadband ISDN: worst case behavior and connection acceptance control (2002)

Deterministic rule based traffic descriptors in general and leaky bucket based (LBB) traffic descriptors in particular, offer advantages for specifying and monitoring traffic in ATM based B-ISDN. However, these traffic descriptors do not specify the traffic patterns uniquely. This poses new challenges to be addressed. Two of the important ones are: (i) definition of the worst case behavior and characterization of the worst case traffic compliant with the LBB traffic descriptors; (ii) connection acceptance controls (CAC) for LBB sources (in particular, the applicability of 'equivalent bandwidth' concept to simplify the CAC procedure). The author addresses these questions with respect to the performance measures based on cell loss ratios. For most part, the author uses the multiplexer cell loss ratio (CLR) as the performance measure and defines the worst case behavior for homogeneous and general heterogeneous environments. Both unbuffered and buffered cases are considered. For the unbuffered resources and homogeneous environment, the author shows that the full rate periodic on-off behavior is the worst. In the heterogeneous environment, the full rate on-off behavior is the worst only in a limited sense and the use of a collective performance measure results in anomalous relationships between the source behavior and the CLR. Interesting properties of the worst case behavior with more appropriate performance measures are briefly discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Abstract P2-05-16: Gene expression in synchronous primary, axillary nodal and disseminated breast cancer cells (2015)

Abstract Disseminated Tumour Cells (DTC) have been found in the bone marrow (BM) of up to 70% of patients with breast cancer metastatic to axillary lymph nodes. They are a biologically and therapeutically interesting tumour cell population. Although there is uncertainty about their relationship to cancer prognosis, DTC provide a valuable window into the processes by which primary tumour (PT) cells disseminate. DTC can be enriched from BM by immunoaffinity using antibodies directed against epithelial cell markers such as EpCAM. To better understand the changing gene expression patterns that may accompany breast cancer metastasis, we have compared the whole genome RNA expression profiles of matched PT, axillary lymph node metastases (LNM), and EpCAM-enriched cells from the BM of seven patients. Compared to PT, axillary LNM had consistently altered expression of RNAs encoding matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), growth factors, transcription factors, as well as downstream targets of Catenin-a, Tumour Necrosis Factor (TNF)-a and miR-22. Once the gene expression patterns of potentially contaminating BM cells were subtracted, compared to PT and LNM EpCAM-enriched MB cells had consistently elevated expression of RNAs encoding metabolic enzymes, ribosomal proteins, and DNA-binding factors such as YB-1. The gene expression changes we identify are candidate mediators of breast cancer metastases and represent attractive targets for further study on a cell by cell basis. Citation Format: Reuben J Broom, Cherie Blenkiron, Richard Harman, Erica Whineray Kelly, Stephen Allpress, Katherine Gale, Sam Rice, Peter Shin, Anna Brown, Annette Lasham, Cristin Print. Gene expression in synchronous primary, axillary nodal and disseminated breast cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-05-16.
P‐49: A Gamut‐Mapping Algorithm with Separate Skin and Non‐Skin Color Preference Controls for Wide‐Color‐Gamut TV (2008)

Abstract Recently emerging wide‐color‐gamut (WCG) TVs face two challenges. Viewers welcome the increase in color saturation of WCG TVs, but do not welcome unnatural skin color rendering due to the stretching of the narrower color gamut (such as the color gamut defined in sRGB/ITU‐R BT.709/601). In this paper, we propose a color gamut mapping algorithm (GMA□ to address the problem. The proposed GMA consists of two sub‐GMAs: the first sub‐GMA is focused on correctly rendering skin colors, and the second sub‐GMA is on rendering no‐ skin colors. In order to allow viewers to independently adjust skin and non‐skin colors according to their preference, the skin colors rendered by the first sub‐GMA and the non‐skin colors rendered by the second sub‐GMA go through two seperate viewer preference adjustment modules. Then the mapped and viewer‐adjusted skin and non‐skin colors are blended according to skin scores, which are scalars between 0 and 1. A skin score is assigned to a color to describe its likelihood to be a skin color and is obtained by extensive training on sample sets. Skin scores of an image are filtered by a linear lowpass filter to prevent generating artifacts.
Integration of a microfluidic flow cell on a CMOS biosensor for DNA detection (2008)

This paper describes the fabrication technique for the realization a microfluidic flow cell to be integrated on a CMOS biosensor for DNA hybridization detection. The main element of the microfluidic system is made in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomer and takes up an area of 5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . PDMS is cast against a silicon master patterned by deep reactive ion etching (DRIE) and then bonded on the chip by means of oxygen plasma activation. The micro channels patterned in the flow cell are connected with capillary tubes that can be easily interconnected to a common syringe.
Facile Fabrication of Color Tunable Film and Fiber Nanocomposites via Thiol Click Chemistry (2014)

A simple method for the fabrication of nanocomposite materials using thiol click chemistry is reported. The thiol click nanocomposite materials produced each displayed distinctive colors which were found to be dependent on both the ligand used to functionalize the nanoparticles and the concentration of nanoparticles in the materials. Functionalized metallic nanospheres were combined with thiol click solutions forming viscous prepolymer solutions which were then polymerized upon UV light exposure. Films were fabricated in a custom-built film mold, and microfibers were fabricated using hydrodynamic focusing in a microfluidic channel. For this study, three unique thiolated ligands—including a newly synthesized ligand—were used to functionalize the nanospheres, thus assisting in the facile incorporation and stability of the nanospheres within the polymers. In comparison to a previously reported method in which thiol–ene nanocomposite films were fabricated, the method reported herein reduces the fabrication time from weeks to minutes. Furthermore, the method in this report is expanded to also include fabrication of thiol–yne nanocomposites. Young’s moduli and glass transition temperatures were determined for the materials, while UV–vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and optical analyses were also performed in order to characterize the nanocomposites.
Laminated Electrodes for Biopotential Studies (1978)

Electrodes designed for in vitro peripheral nerve studies were fabricated by laminating Plexiglas®sheets and silver or platinum foil. Many tissue-electrode interface geometries and electrode separations were obtained. A nerve chamber was developed to support the laminated electrodes at selected positions in precise planar alignment.
Mechanism of inactivation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by N-cyclopropyl-N-arylalkyl amines (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of inactivation of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase by N-cyclopropyl-N-arylalkyl aminesRichard B. Silverman and Stephen J. HoffmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2, 884–886Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00522a093https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00522a093research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views151Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Table S1 from STimulator of INterferon Genes Agonism Accelerates Antitumor Activity in Poorly Immunogenic Tumors (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplemental Table 1: Log2Ratio and p values for all 310 genes shown in Figure 6&lt;/p&gt;
Efficient Method for the Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Alkyl Esters or Alkyl Phenyl Ethers by a New‐Type of Oxidation‐Reduction Condensation Using 2,6‐Dimethyl‐1,4‐benzoquinone and Alkoxydiphenylphosphines. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Transparent and ‘opaque’ conducting electrodes for ultra-thin highly-efficient near-field thermophotovoltaic cells (2017)

Transparent conducting electrodes play a fundamental role in far-field PhotoVoltaic systems, but have never been thoroughly investigated for near-field applications. Here we show, in the context of near-field planar ultra-thin ThermoPhotoVoltaic cells using surface-plasmon-polariton thermal emitters, that the resonant nature of the nanophotonic system significantly alters the design criteria for the necessary conducting front electrode. The traditional ratio of optical-to-DC conductivities is alone not an adequate figure of merit, instead the desired impedance matching between the emitter and absorber modes along with their coupling to the free-carrier resonance of the front electrode are key for optimal device design and performance. Moreover, we demonstrate that conducting electrodes 'opaque' to incoming far-field radiation can, in fact, be used in the near field with decent performance by taking advantage of evanescent photon tunneling from the emitter to the absorber. Finally, we identify and compare appropriate tunable-by-doping materials for front electrodes in near-field ThermoPhotoVoltaics, specifically molybdenum-doped indium oxide, dysprosium-doped cadmium oxide, graphene and diffused semiconductors, but also for 'opaque' electrodes, tin-doped indium oxide and silver nano-films. Predicted estimated performances include output power density ~10 W/cm 2 with > 45% efficiency at 2100 °K emitter temperature and 60 Ω electrode square resistance, thus increasing the promise for high-performance practical devices.
Development of a 1 MVA 3-Phase Superconducting Transformer Using YBCO Roebel Cable (2010)

We present design details for the planned construction of a 3-phase 1 MVA 11 kV/415 V transformer using YBCO Roebel cable (YBCO—Yttrium Barium Copper Oxide second generation high temperature superconducting coated conductor). The YBCO Roebel cable is a promising technology for carrying high currents. It simplifies manufacture of the winding while managing AC loss. We present the transformer winding design which follows a simple layout with the low-voltage windings utilizing a 15 strand <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\times$</tex></formula> 5 mm (15/5) Roebel cable in a single-layer 20 turn solenoid. The target rated current capacity of the cable is 1500 A rms at 77 K. The high-voltage winding will be in the form of a stack of double pancake coils arranged on a composite former outside the low-voltage windings. The coils will be immersed in sub-cooled liquid nitrogen with a target maximum operating temperature of 70 K. The development methodology is described along with the results of experiments and modeling to validate the performance characteristics of the windings.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) Thin Films Densely Grafted onto Gold Surface: Preparation, Characterization, and Dynamic AFM Study of Temperature-Induced Chain Conformational Changes (2008)

Thermally responsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) films are attracting considerable attention since they offer the possibility to achieve reversible control over surface wettability and biocompatibility. In this paper, we first report a new and simple method for the grafting under melt of amine-terminated PNIPAM chains onto gold surfaces modified with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of reactive thiols. The formation of homogeneous tethered PNIPAM films, whose thickness can be tuned by adjusting polymer molecular weight or SAM reactivity, is evidenced by using the combination of ellipsometry, X-ray photon spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS), and atomic force microscopy. The calculation of grafting parameters from experimental measurements indicated the synthesis of densely grafted PNIPAM films and allowed us to predict a "brushlike" regime for the chains in good solvent. In a second part, the temperature-induced responsive properties are studied in situ by conducting dynamic AFM measurements using the amplitude modulation technique. Imaging in water environment first revealed the reversible modification of surface morphology below and above the theoretical lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of PNIPAM. Then, the determination of amplitude and phase approach curves at various temperatures provided direct measurement of the evolution of the damping factor, or similarly the dissipated energy, as a function of the probe indentation into the PNIPAM film. Most interestingly, we clearly showed the subtle and progressive thermally induced chain conformational change occurring at the scale of several nanometers around the expected LCST.
High output power 1540-nm vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers (2005)

Vertical-cavity semiconductor optical amplifiers operating at 1540 nm are presented. The use of optically pumped AlInGaAs MQW regions resulted in record-high saturation output power of +0.5 dBm and 17.6 dB of fiber-to-fiber gain.
Pneumonia as an actual medical problem of the 21th century (2015)

Recent systematic reviews and meta-analysis on pneumonia have been discussed in the article. Morbidity of pneumonia is 5 to 10 per 1 000 of population in Europe and Northern America. Mortality of pneumonia is as high as 10 % and continues to grow. The leading pathogen is Streptococcus pneumoniaе, particularly in severe disease. Last years, highly specific rapid diagnosis tools for identifying Streptococcus pneumoniaе infection have been developed such as Binax and urine antigen test. Prevalence of pneumonia caused by Streptococcus is significantly lower in patients vaccinated with 13-valent conjugate vaccine against this pathogen. Particular attention is paid to healthcare-associated pneumonia which is close to nosocomial pneumonia in term of spectrum and properties of causing pathogens (gram-negative flora, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, high antibacterial resistance). Obesity, hypotrophy, gene-related susceptibility to infectious disease, in particular, TNF-#a gene polymorphism, co-morbidity, mainly COPD, are discussed as risk factors for severe pneumonia. Duration and optimal combinations of antimicrobials are still under debate.