gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Training-sequence-based determination of optimum sampling time in unequalized TDMA mobile radio systems (2000)

In time-dispersive mobile radio channels, determination of the proper sampling instants of the receiver is one of the most difficult problems. A promising way is to oversample the received signal while a training sequence is transmitted, and to use this information to extract the optimum sampling instant; this approach has been termed "adaptive sampling." We analyze the influence of various metrics for the evaluation of the training sequence and find that even very simple implementations can achieve near-optimum performance. The non-idealities of the training sequence used in the (DECT) system have no significant impact on the performance if proper evaluation methods are used.
Calculation of the nonlinear susceptibility for optical second-harmonic generation in III-V semiconductors (1991)

We calculate both linear and nonlinear optical response in the static limit for AlP, AlAs, GaP, and GaAs in the local-density approximation with and without a scissors operator, including local-field effects. The calculation agrees with the measurement of Levine and Bethea to within 15%. The derivatives d ln${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(2)}$/d lna, for lattice constant a, are predicted to be from 1.7 to 6.6 times the values obtainable from existing models. The calculated static dielectric constants ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$ are within 2% of measured values; calculated results for d ln${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$/d lna are also presented. The scissors operator alters ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\infty}}}$ up to 25% but alters ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\chi}}}^{(2)}$ by a factor of 2.
A vibrational study of the diosmacyclobutene complex Os2(CO)8(μ2–η1,η1–C2H2): The use of organometallic complexes as vibrational models for chemisorbed ethyne (2004)

The vibrational frequencies of the diosmacyclobutene ring in Os2(CO)8(μ2–η1,η1–C2H2) (1) and its dideuterated isotopologue Os2(CO)8(μ2–η1,η1–C2D2) (1-d2) have been measured and assigned. A normal coordinate analysis shows that the CC bond is weakened relative to those in ethene and cis-disubstituted ethenes, whereas the Os–C bonds are stronger than M–C σ-bonds in related complexes, reflecting back-donation from the osmium d-orbitals into the carbon π*-orbitals in 1. The vibrational frequencies of 1 and other ethyne complexes are compared with the vibrational frequencies of ethyne chemisorbed on metal and silicon single-crystal surfaces.
Curvature evolution of 200 mm diameter GaN-on-insulator wafer fabricated through metalorganic chemical vapor deposition and bonding (2018)

Crack-free 200 mm diameter N-polar GaN-on-insulator (GaN-OI) wafers are demonstrated by the transfer of MOCVD-grown Ga-polar GaN layers from Si(111) wafers onto SiO 2 /Si(100) wafers. The wafer curvature of the GaN-OI wafers after the removal of the original Si(111) substrate is correlated with the wafer curvature of the starting GaN-on-Si wafers and the voids on the GaN-on-Si surface evolve into cracks on the GaN-OI wafers. In crack-free GaN-OI wafers, the wafer curvature during the removal of the AlN nucleation layer, AlGaN strain-compensation buffer layers and GaN layers is correlated with the residual stress distribution within individual layers in the GaN-OI wafer.
Predicting overlay mark performance based on semiconductor process emulation and optical simulation (2022)

Predicting the best preforming overlay marks for a set of layers in a new technology process flow would provide a powerful tool, which could potentially streamline the time consuming measurement process search for the optimal overlay mark. This is challenging because integration of the next generation of transistors and interconnects is becoming increasingly complex, so evaluating overlay mark performance in isolation yields partially valuable results. We show how process emulation can be used to evaluate overlay marks in conjunction with optical simulations for the critical patterning levels, and only the marks that perform well in simulation are allowed on the final mask, thereby predicting the best overlay marks for a particular technology. To make this methodology useful, it is important to cater each analysis to the specific materials being used, their optical properties, and the integration scheme of the technology. This is done as follows: (a) the optical properties of the materials being used are extracted using standard metrology tools, (b) the process flow of an existing technology is emulated, (c) an initial optical model is created with the inputs for settings like wavelength and focus form the metrology tool configuration, (d) the images from the overlay tool for the existing technology are analyzed to calibrate for unknowns such as numerical aperture and coherence, and finally, (e) the calibrated model is used on future technology flows to evaluate the performance of overlay marks. We will illustrate the validity of this methodology using specific examples and highlight its predictive capability.
Series Chained Patch Phased Array Antenna for mmWave 5G Mobile in Metal Bezel Design (2019)

This paper proposes a series chained patch phased array antenna for metal bezel design mobile application operating millimeter-wave (mmWave) 5G communication at 28GHz. The proposed antenna is 2 × 4 series chained patch antenna array implemented on the corner of metal bezel of mobile device. Also it is designed for beam steering in xy-plane and yz-plane. The metal chain is added and implemented between patch element for its robustness and metal fabrication. The maximum gains of the proposed antenna in xy-plane are 12.8 dBi, 12.9 dBi and 13 dBi. Beam steering angle is ± 45 degrees at xy-plane and ± 30 degrees at yz-plane. The detail of the design methodologies, simulation and measurement results are presented and discussed in relation to the targeted mmWave 5G mobile application.
Color-resolved Cherenkov imaging allows for differential signal detection in blood and melanin content (2023)

Color Cherenkov emission imaging may be used to improve the optical measurement and determination of dose delivered in tissues. Calibration for these factors to minimize the influence of the tissue types and skin tones may be possible using color camera system information based upon the linearity of the observed signals.
Measurement of In-Use, On-Board Emissions from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles:Mobile Emissions Measurement System (2001)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;Emissions tests for heavy-duty diesel-fueled vehicles are normally performed using an engine dynamometer or a chassis dynamometer. Both of these methods generally entail the use of laboratory-grade emissions measurement instrumentation, a CVS system, an environment control system, a dynamometer, and associated data acquisition and control systems. The results obtained from such tests provide a means by which engines may be compared to the emissions standards, but may not be truly indicative of an engine's in-vehicle performance while operating on the road. An alternative to such a testing methodology would be to actively record the emissions from a vehicle while it was operating on-road. A considerable amount of discussion has been focused on the development of on-road emissions measurement systems (OREMS) that would provide for such in-use emissions data collection. Discussed herein is a review of research related to previous in-field and on-board emissions measurement systems, as well as an overview of components that could be integrated to form an OREMS. Presented also is an OREMS that was developed by West Virginia University (WVU) to record in-use, brake-specific emissions from heavy-duty diesel-powered vehicles. Dubbed the Mobile Emissions Measurement System, or MEMS, the unit is capable of reporting brake-specific mass emissions of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and NO&lt;sub&gt;X&lt;/sub&gt; over 30-second windows. The MEMS was developed as part of the work described by the Consent Decrees entered into by six heavy-duty diesel engine manufacturers and the United States (US) government. Measurements of brake-specific NO&lt;sub&gt;x&lt;/sub&gt; and CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; recorded by the MEMS over an FTP test were found to be within 5% when compared to laboratory measurements.&lt;/div&gt;
Repeatability of Reference Signal Received Power Measurements in LTE Networks (2018)

Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP) reports are routinely used to monitor and benchmark the coverage in LTE cellular networks of fourth generation. Such measurements also trigger idle and active mode mobility decisions between two LTE cells or two inter-technology cells. Therefore, these measurements must be accurate and repeatable to facilitate both proper network functioning and network optimization. This paper presents a repeatability study on raw RSRP measurements collected in the 700 MHz frequency band in a commercial LTE network. This process is facilitated through the common RF drive-test method using a scanner-based tool as the measuring device. After gathering all the required data with the scanner, the main measurement statistical metrics are calculated in the analysis phase. The repeatability of the RSRP measurements is examined comparing statistics from data collected over identical drive route across different days. Based on the limited collected data set, good temporal repeatability and stability of the LTE RSRP measurements is confirmed allowing optimization to be based on a single LTE drive test.
Quality-aware CNN-based in-loop filter for video coding (2021)

The state‐of‐the‐art video coding standard, Versatile Video Coding (VVC) or H.266, has demonstrated its superior coding efficiency over its predecessor HEVC/H.265. In this paper, a novel in‐loop filter based on convolutional neural network (CNN) is illustrated to further improve the coding efficiency over VVC. In this filter, one single NN model is used to process multiple video components simultaneously. In addition, with a quality map generated for each video component as network input, the same single NN model is capable of processing videos in different qualities and resolutions while maintaining coding efficiency, which reduces the overall network complexity significantly. Simulation results show that the proposed approach provides average BD‐rate savings of 6.27%, 18.78% and 20.42% under AI configuration, and average BD-rate savings of 5.18%, 21.95% and 22.13% under RA configuration, respectively for Y, Cb and Cr components.
Prepectoral Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction: Safety Outcome Endpoints and Delineation of Risk Factors (2020)

Therapeutic, III.
Fabrication and Characterization of High Temperature Resin/Carbon Nanofiller Composites (2006)

As part of ongoing efforts to develop multifunctional advanced composites, blends of PETI-330 with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNF) were prepared and characterized. The effect of nanofiller loading level on melt viscosity was determined. The resulting powders were characterized for degree of mixing, thermal, and rheological properties. Select samples were scaled up for processing and continuous strands of nanocomposites were extruded. Based on the characterization results, samples containing 10 and 15 wt% MWCNT and 30 and 40 wt% CNF were scaled up to ∼300 g and used to fabricate moldings 10.2 cm × 15.2 cm × 0.32 cm in size. The moldings were fabricated by injecting the mixtures at 260–280 °C into a stainless steel tool followed by curing for 1 h at 371 °C. The tool was designed to impart substantial shear during the injection process in an attempt to achieve some alignment of nanofillers in the flow direction. Moldings were obtained that were subsequently characterized for thermal, mechanical, electrical and EMI shielding properties. The degree of dispersion and alignment of nanofillers were investigated using high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. Preparation and preliminary characterization of PETI-330/MWCNT and PETI-330/CNF composites will be discussed.
Tools for Cell Signaling: Synthesis of the 3-Phosphatase-Resistant 1,3,4,5-InsP4 Mimic, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-Phosphorothioate (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTools for Cell Signaling: Synthesis of the 3-Phosphatase-Resistant 1,3,4,5-InsP4 Mimic, 1D-myo-Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate 3-PhosphorothioateAlan P. Kozikowski, Abdul H. Fauq, Robert A. Wilcox, and Stefan R. NahorskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 9, 2279–2281Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00088a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00088a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views165Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Diffusion of lipids and GPI-anchored proteins in actin-free plasma membrane vesicles measured by STED-FCS (2016)

Diffusion and interaction dynamics of molecules at the plasma membrane play an important role in cellular signalling. These have been suggested to be strongly associated with the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we utilise super-resolution STED microscopy combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (STED-FCS) to access the sub-diffraction diffusion regime of different fluorescent lipid analogues and GPI-anchored proteins (GPI-APs) in the cellular plasma membrane, and compare it to the diffusion regime of these molecules in cell-derived actin-free giant plasma membrane vesicles (GPMVs). We show that phospholipids and sphingomyelin, which undergo hindered diffusion in the live cell membrane, diffuse freely in the GPMVs. In contrast to sphingomyelin, which is transiently trapped on molecular-scale complexes in intact cells, diffusion of the ganglioside lipid GM1 suggests transient incorporation into nanodomains, which is less influenced by the actin cortex. Finally, our data on GPI-APs indicate two molecular pools in living cells, one pool showing high mobility with trapped and compartmentalized diffusion, and the other forming immobile clusters both of which disappear in GPMVs. Our data underlines the crucial role of the actin cortex in maintaining hindered diffusion modes of most but not all membrane molecules.
Loss of Skeletal Muscle Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Induces Lactic Acidosis and Adaptive Anaplerotic Compensation via Pyruvate-Alanine Cycling and Glutaminolysis (2023)

SUMMARY Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) is the rate-limiting enzyme for glucose oxidation that links glycolysis-derived pyruvate with the TCA cycle. Although skeletal muscle is a significant site for glucose oxidation and is closely linked with metabolic flexibility, the importance of muscle PDH during rest and exercise has yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that mice with muscle-specific deletion of PDH exhibit rapid weight loss and suffer from severe lactic acidosis, ultimately leading to early mortality under low-fat diet provision. Furthermore, loss of muscle PDH induces adaptive anaplerotic compensation by increasing pyruvate-alanine cycling and glutaminolysis. Interestingly, high-fat diet supplementation effectively abolishes the early mortality and rescues the overt metabolic phenotype induced by muscle PDH deficiency. Despite increased reliance on fatty acid oxidation during high-fat diet provision, loss of muscle PDH worsens exercise performance and induces lactic acidosis. These observations illustrate the importance of muscle PDH in maintaining metabolic flexibility and preventing the development of metabolic disorders. Highlights Skeletal Muscle PDH is essential for survival Loss of muscle PDH induces lactic acidosis and premature death Loss of muscle PDH enhances pyruvate transformations and glutaminolysis High-fat diet supplementation abolishes early mortality and overt phenotype induced by muscle PDH loss
An Investigation Into the Use of Springs and Wing Motions to Minimize the Power Expended by a Mechanical Pigeon for Steady Flight (2005)

In this paper, we investigate the effect of using springs and wing motions to minimize the power required by a mechanical bird to fly. Inertia forces as well as aerodynamic forces on the wing are included. The design takes into account different flight speeds in the range from 0 to 20 m/s. Two ways in which springs can be attached, are considered. The frequency of wing beat is kept fixed and both flapping and feathering are assumed to be simple harmonic. Constraints are imposed on the maximum power expended by the two actuators of a wing. The results show that introduction of springs increases the power required at lower speeds, marginally reducing the power at higher speeds. In the manner in which they are used here, springs do not appear to be useful to reduce power. However, the optimal solutions obtained without springs indicate that it is possible to develop pigeon like mechanical birds which can hover and fly steadily up to 20 m/s.
Combining speaker and speech recognition systems (2002)

This paper presents a general framework for the integration of speaker and speech recognizers. The framework poses the problem of combining speech and speaker recognizers as the joint maximization of the a posteriori probability of the word sequence and speaker given the observed utterance. It is shown that the posteriori probability can be expressed as the product of four terms: a likelihood score from a speaker-independent speech recognizer, the (normalized) likelihood score of a text-dependent speaker recognizer, the likelihood of a speaker-dependent statistical language model, and the prior probability of the speaker. Efficient search strategies are discussed, with a particular focus on the problem of recognizing and verifying name-based identity claims over very large populations (e.g., ”My name is John Doe”). The efficient search approach uses a speaker-independent recognizer to first generate a list of top hypotheses, followed by a resorting of this list based on the combined score of the four terms discussed above. Experimental results on an over-the-telephone speech recognition task show a 34% reduction in the error rate where the test-set consists of users speaking their first and last name from a grammar covering 1 million unique persons.
1-Deoxy-D-galactitol (L-fucitol) (2008)

1-De-oxy-d-galactitol, C(6)H(14)O(5), exists in the crystalline form as hydrogen-bonded layers of mol-ecules running parallel to the ac plane, with each mol-ecule acting as a donor and acceptor of five hydrogen bonds.
Escherichia coli produces linoleic acid during late stationary phase (1993)

Escherichia coli produces linoleic acid in the late stationary phase. This was the case whether the cultures were grown aerobically or anaerobically on a supplemented glucose-salts medium. The linoleic acid was detected by thin-layer chromatography and was measured as the methyl ester by gas chromatography. The linoleic acid methyl ester was identified by its mass spectrum. Lipids extracted from late-stationary-phase cells generated thiobarbituric acid-reactive carbonyl products when incubated with a free radical initiator. In contrast, extracts from log-phase or early-stationary-phase cells failed to do so, in accordance with the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acid only in the stationary-phase cells.
Light-emitting diodes based on n-ZnO nano-wires and p-type organic semiconductors (2008)

After our recent successful demonstration of high brightness white light emitting diodes (HB-LEDs) based on high temperature grown n-ZnO nanowires on different p-type semiconductors, we present here LEDs fabricated on n-ZnO nano-wires and p-type organic semiconductors. By employing a low temperature chemical growth (&le; 90 &deg;C) approach for ZnO synthesis combined together with organic p-type semiconductors, we demonstrate high quality LEDs fabricated on a variety of different substrates. The substrates include transparent glass, plastic, and conventional Si. Different multi-layers of p-type organic semiconductors with or without electron blocking layers have been demonstrated and characterized. The investigated p-type organic semiconductors include PEDOT:PSS, which was used as a anode in combination with other p-type polymers. Some of the heterojunction diodes also contain an electron blocking polymer sandwiched between the p-type polymer and the n-ZnO nano-wire. The insertion of electron blocking layer is necessary to engineer the device for the desired emission. Structural and electrical results will be presented. The preliminary I-V characteristics of the organic-inorganic hybrid heterojunction diodes show good rectifying properties. Finally we also present our findings on the origin of the green luminescence band which is responsible of the white light emission in ZnO is discussed.
Human iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts, like their tissue-derived counterparts, suppress T cell proliferation through IDO- and PGE-2-dependent pathways (2013)

Human mesoangioblasts are currently in a phase I/II clinical trial for the treatment of patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. However, limitations associated with the finite life span of these cells combined with the significant numbers of mesoangioblasts required to treat all of the skeletal muscles in these patients restricts their therapeutic potential. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived mesoangioblasts may provide the solution to this problem. Although, the idea of using iPSC-derived cell therapies has been proposed for quite some time, our understanding of how the immune system interacts with these cells is inadequate. Herein, we show that iPSC-derived mesoangioblasts (HIDEMs) from healthy donors and, importantly, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 2D patients exert immunosuppressive effects on T cell proliferation.&nbsp; Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) play crucial roles in the initial activation of HIDEMs and importantly indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) were identified as key mechanisms involved in HIDEM suppression of T cell proliferation. Together with recent studies confirming the myogenic function and regenerative potential of these cells, we suggest that HIDEMs could provide an unlimited alternative source for mesoangioblast-based therapies.