gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The VO2 interface, the metal-insulator transition tunnel junction, and the metal-insulator transition switch On-Off resistance (2012)

Transition metal compounds showing a metal-insulator transition (MIT) show complex behavior due to strongly correlated electron effects and offer attractive properties for nano-electronics applications, which cannot be obtained with regular semiconductors. MIT based nano-electronics, however, remains unproven, and MIT devices are poorly understood. We point out and single out one of the major hurdles preventing MIT-electronics: obtaining a high Off resistance and high On-Off resistance ratio in an MIT switch. We show a path toward an MIT switch fulfilling strict Off and On resistance criteria by: (1) Obtaining understanding of the VO2-interface, a protoypical MIT material interface. (2) Introducing a MIT tunnel junction concept to tune switch resistances. In this junction, the metal or insulating phase of the MIT material controls how much current flows through. Adapting the junction's parameters allows tuning the MIT switch's Off and On resistance. (3) Providing proof of principle of the junction and its switch resistance tuning capability, experimentally in two forms. (4) Showing theoretically how stringent Off and On resistance specifications can be fulfilled. The prototypical VO2 MIT results in an abrupt change in bulk electrical resistivity at ∼68 °C. We show that the VO2 MIT manifests itself in an abrupt interfacial transition of current across a VO2-barrier interface forming a tunnel junction. In a first tunnel junction form, a two orders of magnitude abrupt change in contact resistivity induced by the bulk MIT is shown in VO2-metal contact structures. VO2-metal contact properties are discussed in detail, and the work function of VO2 is found to be 5.2eV(25 °C)−5.3eV(90 °C). In a second junction form, an abrupt change in tunneling current of up to an order of magnitude caused by the bulk MIT is shown to be present in VO2-insulator-metal capacitor structures with atomic layers deposition (ALD) Al2O3 and HfO2 barrier layers. The capacitors show the feasibility of using the MIT to switch a component to a high Off resistance state. Current and capacitance-voltage characteristics of the capacitors are analyzed as well as voltage or field dependent MITs at VO2 interfaces. The abrupt change in current across the VO2 interface is shown to be driven by the change in free carriers in bulk VO2 across the MIT.
Three-Dimensional Printed Multiphase Scaffolds for Regeneration of Periodontium Complex (2013)

Tooth-supporting periodontium forms a complex with multiple tissues, including cementum, periodontal ligament (PDL), and alveolar bone. In this study, we developed multiphase region-specific microscaffolds with spatiotemporal delivery of bioactive cues for integrated periodontium regeneration. Polycarprolactione-hydroxylapatite (90:10 wt%) scaffolds were fabricated using three-dimensional printing seamlessly in three phases: 100-μm microchannels in Phase A designed for cementum/dentin interface, 600-μm microchannels in Phase B designed for the PDL, and 300-μm microchannels in Phase C designed for alveolar bone. Recombinant human amelogenin, connective tissue growth factor, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 were spatially delivered and time-released in Phases A, B, and C, respectively. Upon 4-week in vitro incubation separately with dental pulp stem/progenitor cells (DPSCs), PDL stem/progenitor cells (PDLSCs), or alveolar bone stem/progenitor cells (ABSCs), distinctive tissue phenotypes were formed with collagen I-rich fibers especially by PDLSCs and mineralized tissues by DPSCs, PDLSCs, and ABSCs. DPSC-seeded multiphase scaffolds upon in vivo implantation yielded aligned PDL-like collagen fibers that inserted into bone sialoprotein-positive bone-like tissue and putative cementum matrix protein 1-positive/dentin sialophosphoprotein-positive dentin/cementum tissues. These findings illustrate a strategy for the regeneration of multiphase periodontal tissues by spatiotemporal delivery of multiple proteins. A single stem/progenitor cell population appears to differentiate into putative dentin/cementum, PDL, and alveolar bone complex by scaffold's biophysical properties and spatially released bioactive cues.
On the Total Energy Efficiency of Cell-Free Massive MIMO (2017)

This capsule contains the code for the algorithms presented in the following scientific paper: Hien Quoc Ngo, Le-Nam Tran, Trung Q. Duong, Michail Matthaiou, Erik G. Larsson, "On the total energy efficiency of cell-free massive MIMO," IEEE Trans. Green Commun. and Network., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 25-39, Mar. 2018.
Microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V produced by selective laser melting (2012)

Ti-6Al-4V is the most widely used titanium alloy. Manufacturing of Ti-6Al-4V components using novel additive processing techniques such as selective laser melting is of great interest. This study focuses on the microstructure characterisation of Ti-6Al-4V components produced by selective laser melting (SLM) with full (Ti-6Al-4V base plate) and partial (Ti-6Al-4V needle-shaped bed) support. The starting material, a plasma atomised powder, and the component products are studied using various microscopy techniques including optical, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). Powder particles are fully dense, possess a spherical shape and are composed of acicular α phase. The as-built material shows oriented acicular martensitic phase with well defined columnar grains. The morphology of martensitic phase and microstructural evolution will be discussed in relation to the SLM processing parameters employed and the different cooling rates experienced by the components.
Human, Bovine, and Equine Growth Hormone Antibodies in Patients Treated with Human Growth Hormone* (1982)

The immunological behavior of sera from hypopituitary patients treated with human GH (hGH) has been studied by homologous and heterologous RIAs using 125I-labeled hormones. Along with antibodies against hGH, antibodies exhibiting antibovine and antiequine GH (anti-bGH and anti-eGH, respectively) activities were also found. Displacement experiments showed that hGH was an effective competitor of 125 I-labeled hGH, whereas bGH and eGH were quite inefficient. Conversely, when the tracer was 125I-labeled bGH, both bGH and eGH were good displacers, while the human hormone was poor. The values of the affinity constants of the various antibodies found in human sera were similar to each other and to those found after immunization of rabbits. These results suggest that the antibodies against bGH and eGH belong to a population separate from those directed against the human hormone. The mechanism by which hGH can express determinants of other animal growth hormones is obscure, although the high degree of conservation of structure in these molecules during evolution must be involved.
A dynamic system characterization of road network node models**This work was supported by the California Department of Transportation. (2016)

The propagation of traffic congestion along roads is a commonplace nonlinear phenomenon. When many roads are connected in a network, congestion can spill from one road to others as drivers queue to enter a congested road. This paper considers the node model problem, which refers to methods for solving for cross-flows when roads meet at a junction. We present a simple hybrid dynamic system that, given a macroscopic snapshot of the roads entering an exiting a road, intuitively models the node’s throughflows over time. This dynamic system produces solutions to the node model problem that are equal to those produced by many popular node models without intuitive physical meanings. We also show how the earlier node models can be rederived as executions of our dynamic system. The intuitive physical description supplied by our system provides a base for control of the road junction system dynamics, as well as the emergent network dynamics.
Influence of different anesthetics on some physiological parameters and stress markers during and after surgery of a dog (2018)

Surgical operations on animals are stressful for their organism. This results in changes in several physiological parameters and stress markers. The application of different anesthetics and different anesthetic schemes has a different impact on the organism's response to stress response and changes of physiological parameters. The study of the effects of different anesthetics on animal organism will facilitate the prediction of the animal's responses to surgical procedures and increase patient's safety.
Reduced order modeling in topology optimization of vibroacoustic problems (2017)

There is an interest in introducing topology optimization techniques in the design process of structural-acoustic systems. In topology optimization, the design space must be finely meshed in order to obtain an accurate design, which results in large numbers of degrees of freedom when designing complex 3D parts. The optimization process can therefore become highly time consuming due to the need to solve a large system of equations at each iteration. Projection-based parametric Model Order Reduction (pMOR) methods have successfully been applied for reducing the computational cost of material or size optimization in large vibroacoustic models; however, new challenges are encountered when dealing with topology optimization. Since a design parameter per element is considered, the total number of design variables becomes very large; this poses a challenge to most existing pMOR techniques, which suffer from the curse of dimensionality. Moreover, the fact that the nature of the elements changes throughout the optimization (material to void or material to air) makes it more difficult to create a global basis that is accurate throughout the whole design space. In this work, these challenges are investigated and different approaches to achieving an efficient reduction technique for such problems are discussed.
EU FP7 INFSO-ICT-247223 ARTIST4G, D1.3 Innovative scheduling and cross-layer design techniques for interference avoidance (2011)

This document provides an overview of the proposed innovations and activities in Task 1.2 of Work Package 1 (WP1) of the ARTIST4G project, related to interference avoidance. Focus is on the technical approaches applicable at layer 2, which are grouped into five different classes of innovations related to clustering &amp; user grouping, inter-cell interference coordination, coordinated scheduling, scheduling for joint processing and game\ntheory based scheduling. Descriptions of the proposed innovations are given including basic ideas, potential of performance, simulation results, realization options and possible implementation restrictions.
Entropy Generation of Desalination Powered by Variable Temperature Waste Heat (2015)

Powering desalination by waste heat is often proposed to mitigate energy consumption and environmental impact; however, thorough technology comparisons are lacking in the literature. This work numerically models the efficiency of six representative desalination technologies powered by waste heat at 50, 70, 90, and 120 °C, where applicable. Entropy generation and Second Law efficiency analysis are applied for the systems and their components. The technologies considered are thermal desalination by multistage flash (MSF), multiple effect distillation (MED), multistage vacuum membrane distillation (MSVMD), humidification-dehumidification (HDH), and organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) paired with mechanical technologies of reverse osmosis (RO) and mechanical vapor compression (MVC). The most efficient technology was RO, followed by MED. Performances among MSF, MSVMD, and MVC were similar but the relative performance varied with waste heat temperature or system size. Entropy generation in thermal technologies increases at lower waste heat temperatures largely in the feed or brine portions of the various heat exchangers used. This occurs largely because lower temperatures reduce recovery, increasing the relative flow rates of feed and brine. However, HDH (without extractions) had the reverse trend, only being competitive at lower temperatures. For the mechanical technologies, the energy efficiency only varies with temperature because of the significant losses from the ORC.
The proSAAS Chaperone Provides Neuroprotection and Attenuates Transsynaptic α-Synuclein Spread in Rodent Models of Parkinson’s Disease (2022)

The proSAAS chaperone may represent a promising target for therapeutic development in Parkinson's disease.
Stochastic characterization of amplified photons in lightwave systems with optically bistable elements (2010)

An optical amplifier followed by a bistable element is statistically analyzed. To this end, the birth-death-immigration model and the coupled mode theory are used to characterize the amplifier and the bistable element, respectively.
Maximum Pressure Caused by Droplet Impact is Dependent on the Droplet Size (2019)

Understanding how pressure on the contact area of a droplet impacting on a solid surface changes is important to reveal the mechanism of droplet impact. Particularly, how the maximum value of the pressure depends on the impact velocity and the size of the droplet is an important topic of interest in the study of droplet impact. In this study we show that the maximum pressure p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> on the contact area of a droplet impacting on a rigid substrate increases with droplet size. Using an array of MEMS-based force sensors, we were able to directly measure p <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , which occurred at the very beginning stage of the impact. We also confirmed the dependence of impact induced pressure on the droplet size by measuring the critical impact velocity that causes the liquid penetration through a mesh for droplets with different sizes. The finding in this study is useful for modeling the maximum pressure caused by droplet impact.
A cellular IP testbed demonstrator (2003)

Cellular IP is a wireless Internet access technology that operates on mobile hosts, base stations and Internet gateways. Cellular IP combines the capability of cellular networks to provide high performance handoff and efficient location management of active and idle mobile users with the inherent flexibility, robustness and scalability found in IP networks. We provide an overview of the cellular IP routing, handoff and paging algorithms and their implementation in a pico-cellular testbed. The protocol has been under development at Columbia University for the past several years initially as a joint project between the Center for Telecommunications Research and Ericsson Research.
High-speed optical three dimensional measurement method for micro bump inspection in 3D LSI chip stacking technology (2015)

3D LSI chip stacking technology has been developed in AIST using cone shape micro bumps fabricated by nanoparticle deposition method. The cone shape bumps are suitable for a thermocompression bump joint process with low temperature and low load force, where the bumps are easy to collapse with loading due to the pointed structure. High yield micro bump joints can be obtained. The three dimensional measurement of the cone shape bumps can be done using laser scanning microscope or scanning electron beam microscope. It is not suitable for a mass production inspection test. We have proposed a new optical three dimensional structure measurement technique using optical microscopes with image sensors or line sensors. We developed recently a high-speed optical three dimensional measurement system using specially manufactured optical microscopes with high-speed 8192-pixel line sensors, which can be used for a mass-production process line. Blue laser diffused illumination was equipped to obtain a high resolution. The cone shape bump height measurement with standard deviation less than 0.3 μm was confirmed. The high-speed wafer measurement was demonstrated using 10 μm diameter Cu pillar bumps.
Three-Dimensional Spherical Shell Resonator Gyroscope Fabricated Using Wafer-Scale Glassblowing (2012)

We report, for the first time, experimental demonstration of a 3-D spherical shell resonator microelectromechanical systems gyroscope fabricated using wafer-scale glassblowing. The gyroscope utilizes a 1-mm-diameter 10-μm-thick spherical isotropic shell surrounded by eight cofabricated satellite spheres serving as actuation and detection electrodes. To demonstrate functionality of the new device, a four-node wineglass mode at a 945-kHz frequency was utilized as the drive mode of a Coriolis vibratory gyroscope. The input rotation causes the transfer of energy from the drive mode to the sense mode, which is a complementary four-node wineglass mode oriented at a 45 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> angle. Sense-mode vibrations were capacitively detected using cofabricated 3-D metal electrodes. Experimental characterization of the spherical shell gyroscope demonstrated a wide linear range of 1000 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">°</sup> /s, currently limited only by the experimental setup.
Oligomer-Fullerene Dyads : Photophysics and Performance as Active Layer Material in Photovoltaic Cells (2000)

The photophysics of a homologous series of oligo(p-phenylene vinylene)-fulleropyrrolidine (OPVn-C60, n = 1 to 4, with n the no. of Ph rings) donor-acceptor dyads and the corresponding single moiety model compds. were studied. Fast intramol. singlet-energy transfer occurs after photoexcitation of the OPVn moiety in an apolar solvent. Photoexcitation in a polar solvent results in electron transfer for OPV3-C60, OPV4-C60, and to some extent for OPV2-C60, but not for OPV1-C60. These results are compared to the results obtained for mixts. of the single moiety model compds. in the same solvents. In these dyads electron transfer is likely to occur via a two-step process, i.e. a very fast singlet-energy transfer prior to charge sepn. In thin films of OPV3-C60 and OPV4-C60, a long-lived charge-sepd. state is formed after photoexcitation. This long lifetime is attributed to the migration of charges to different mols. A flexible photovoltaic device, prepd. from OPV4-C60, is presented.
Anti-Biofouling Properties of Comblike Block Copolymers with Amphiphilic Side Chains (2006)

Surfaces of novel block copolymers with amphiphilic side chains were studied for their ability to influence the adhesion of marine organisms. The surface-active polymer, obtained by grafting fluorinated molecules with hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks to a block copolymer precursor, showed interesting bioadhesion properties. Two different algal species, one of which adhered strongly to hydrophobic surfaces, and the other, to hydrophilic surfaces, showed notably weak adhesion to the amphiphilic surfaces. Both organisms are known to secrete adhesive macromolecules, with apparently different wetting characteristics, to attach to underwater surfaces. The ability of the amphiphilic surface to undergo an environment-dependent transformation in surface chemistry when in contact with the extracellular polymeric substances is a possible reason for its antifouling nature. Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) was used, in a new approach based on angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), to determine the variation in chemical composition within the top few nanometers of the surface and also to study the surface segregation of the amphiphilic block. A mathematical model to extract depth-profile information from the normalized NEXAFS partial electron yield is developed.
Engineered IL-10 variants elicit potent immunomodulatory effects at low ligand doses (2020)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a dimeric cytokine with both immunosuppressive and immunostimulatory activities; however, IL-10-based therapies have shown only marginal clinical benefits. Here, we explored whether the stability of the IL-10 receptor complex contributes to the immunomodulatory potency of IL-10. We generated an IL-10 mutant with enhanced affinity for its IL-10Rβ receptor using yeast surface display. Compared to the wild-type cytokine, the affinity-enhanced IL-10 variants recruited IL-10Rβ more efficiently into active cell surface signaling complexes and triggered greater STAT1 and STAT3 activation in human monocytes and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. These effects, in turn, led to more robust induction of IL-10-mediated gene expression programs at low ligand concentrations in both human cell subsets. IL-10-regulated genes are involved in monocyte energy homeostasis, migration, and trafficking and in CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell exhaustion. At nonsaturating doses, IL-10 did not induce key components of its gene expression program, which may explain its lack of efficacy in clinical settings. Our engineered IL-10 variant showed a more robust bioactivity profile than that of wild-type IL-10 at low doses in monocytes and CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells. Moreover, CAR-modified T cells expanded with the engineered IL-10 variant displayed superior cytolytic activity than those expanded with wild-type IL-10. Our study provides insights into how IL-10 receptor complex stability fine-tunes IL-10 biology and opens new opportunities to revitalize failed IL-10 therapies.
High Prevalence of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection in a Community of Savanna Chimpanzees (2011)

ABSTRACT Simian immunodeficiency virus of chimpanzees (SIVcpz) has a significant negative impact on the health, reproduction, and life span of chimpanzees, yet the prevalence and distribution of this virus in wild-living populations are still only poorly understood. Here, we show that savanna chimpanzees, who live in ecologically marginal habitats at 10- to 50-fold lower population densities than forest chimpanzees, can be infected with SIVcpz at high prevalence rates. Fecal samples were collected from nonhabituated eastern chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii ) in the Issa Valley ( n = 375) and Shangwa River ( n = 6) areas of the Masito-Ugalla region in western Tanzania, genotyped to determine the number of sampled individuals, and tested for SIVcpz-specific antibodies and nucleic acids. None of 5 Shangwa River apes tested positive for SIVcpz; however, 21 of 67 Issa Valley chimpanzees were SIVcpz infected, indicating a prevalence rate of 31% (95% confidence interval, 21% to 44%). Two individuals became infected during the 14-month observation period, documenting continuing virus spread in this community. To characterize the newly identified SIVcpz strains, partial and full-length viral sequences were amplified from fecal RNA of 10 infected chimpanzees. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the Ugalla viruses formed a monophyletic lineage most closely related to viruses endemic in Gombe National Park, also located in Tanzania, indicating a connection between these now separated communities at some time in the past. These findings document that SIVcpz is more widespread in Tanzania than previously thought and that even very low-density chimpanzee populations can be infected with SIVcpz at high prevalence rates. Determining whether savanna chimpanzees, who face much more extreme environmental conditions than forest chimpanzees, are more susceptible to SIVcpz-associated morbidity and mortality will have important scientific and conservation implications.