gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Psychotropic Agents: Synthesis and Antipsychotic Activity of Substituted β‐Carbolines. (1987)

Abstract Alkylation of the tetrahydropyridoindole (I) with the bromides (II) produces the pyridinylalkyl derivatives (III) which are substituted to give the derivatives (V).
Prognostic aspects of 18F-FDG PET kinetics in patients with metastatic colorectal carcinoma receiving FOLFOX chemotherapy. (2004)

The combination of kinetic parameters of the first and the third MS is acceptable for classification into a short or long survival class. Furthermore, even an individual prognosis of survival can be achieved using kinetic 18F-FDG parameters of the first and third MS.
SRAM based re-programmable FPGA for space applications (1999)

An SRAM (static random access memory)-based reprogrammable FPGA (field programmable gate array) is investigated for space applications. A new commercial prototype, named the RS family, was used as an example for the investigation. The device is fabricated in a 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Its architecture is reviewed to provide a better understanding of the impact of single event upset (SEU) on the device during operation. The SEU effect of different memories available on the device is evaluated. Heavy ion test data and SPICE simulations are used integrally to extract the threshold LET (linear energy transfer). Together with the saturation cross-section measurement from the layout, a rate prediction is done on each memory type. The SEU in the configuration SRAM is identified as the dominant failure mode and is discussed in detail. The single event transient error in combinational logic is also investigated and simulated by SPICE. SEU mitigation by hardening the memories and employing EDAC (error detection and correction) at the device level are presented. For the configuration SRAM (CSRAM) cell, the trade-off between resistor dc-coupling and redundancy hardening techniques are investigated with interesting results. Preliminary heavy ion test data show no sign of SEL (single event latch-up). With regard to ionizing radiation effects, the increase in static leakage current (static I/sub CC/) measured indicates a device tolerance of approximately 50 krad(Si).
A method for campus-wide SARS-CoV-2 surveillance at a large public university (2021)

The systematic screening of asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic individuals is a powerful tool for controlling community transmission of infectious disease on college campuses. Faced with a paucity of testing in the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, many universities developed molecular diagnostic laboratories focused on SARS-CoV-2 diagnostic testing on campus and in their broader communities. We established the UC Santa Cruz Molecular Diagnostic Lab in early April 2020 and began testing clinical samples just five weeks later. Using a clinically-validated laboratory developed test (LDT) that avoided supply chain constraints, an automated sample pooling and processing workflow, and a custom laboratory information management system (LIMS), we expanded testing from a handful of clinical samples per day to thousands per day with the testing capacity to screen our entire campus population twice per week. In this report we describe the technical, logistical, and regulatory processes that enabled our pop-up lab to scale testing and reporting capacity to thousands of tests per day.
Molecular dynamics simulation of discontinuous volume phase transitions in highly-charged crosslinked polyelectrolyte networks with explicit counterions in good solvent (2005)

The volumetric properties of highly-charged defect-free polyelectrolyte networks with tetrafunctional crosslinks are studied through molecular dynamics simulations in the canonical ensemble. The network backbone monomers, which are monovalent, and the counterions, which are mono-, di-, or trivalent, are modeled explicitly in the simulations, but the solvent is treated implicitly as a dielectric medium of good solvation quality. The osmotic pressure of the network-solvent system is found to depend greatly on the strength of electrostatic interactions. Discontinuous volume phase transitions are observed when the electrostatic interactions are strong, and the onset of these transitions shifts to higher solvent dielectricity as the counterion valency increases. The roles of the various virial contributions to the osmotic pressure are examined. The network elasticity entropy is found to behave nearly classically. As the network contracts and collapses with increasing strength of electrostatic interactions, the loss of counterion entropy leads to increased counterion osmotic pressure contributions via two mechanisms. The reduction in available configurational space increases the counterion translational entropy contribution to the ideal part of the osmotic pressure, and the greater number of counterion-monomer contacts formed due to counterion condensation and confinement increases the counterion excluded-volume entropy contribution to the excess part of the osmotic pressure. These observations contrast the decrease in the single ideal-gas-like counterion translational entropy contribution to the osmotic pressure predicted by the counterion condensation-charge renormalization theory. An accompanying decrease in the total electrostatic energy balances the loss of counterion excluded-volume entropy as the polyelectrolyte networks collapse in low-dielectric solvents. This interplay between the electrostatic energy and the counterion excluded-volume entropy appears to be responsible for the discontinuous volume phase transitions that are observed in polyelectrolyte networks. The structure of the polyelectrolyte network is also found to be affine in the swollen state, with constituent chains nearly fully extended, and nonaffine in the collapsed state, with the chains adopting a Gaussian conformation.
Epitalon influences pineal secretion in stress-exposed rats in the daytime. (2003)

Tetrapeptide Epitalon is synthesised on the basis of the amino acid composition of pineal peptide extract Epithalamin. Epitalon modulates pineal secretion only under a stress impact but never in the norm. It prevents osmotic-stress-induced pathologic changes in the pineal parenchyma structure. Besides, the physiological activity of Epitalon seems to be mediated by the activation of protooncogenes in pinealocytes.
Real-Life Dry-Contact Ear-EEG (2018)

Our brain state is affected by and adapted to our surroundings. Therefore, to study natural states of the brain, it is desirable to measure brain responses in natural environments outside the lab. Among functional brain scanning methods, electroencephalography (EEG) is the most promising method for non-invasive brain monitoring in real-life environments. To enable long-term recordings in real-life, EEG devices must be wearable, user-friendly, and discreet. Ear-EEG is a method where EEG signals are recorded from electrodes placed on an earpiece inserted into the ear. The compact and discreet nature of an ear-EEG device makes it suitable for long-term real-life recordings. In this study, 6 subjects were recorded with conventional scalp EEG and ear-EEG. All recordings were performed with the same instrumentation and paradigms in both a lab setting and a real-life setting. The ear-EEG recordings were performed with a previously developed drycontact ear-EEG platform. Signals from the scalp electrodes and ear-electrodes were recorded by the same biosignal recorder, enabling re-referencing in the post-processing and analysis. The study comprised four paradigms: auditory steady-state response (ASSR), steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP), auditory onset response, and alpha band modulation. When the data were analyzed with a scalp reference (Cz), all the investigated responses were statistically significant in recordings from both settings. Statistically significant ASSR and SSVEP were measured in the lab by ear-electrodes referenced to an electrode within the same ear. In real-life, only the ASSR was statistically significant for a reference within the same ear. The results demonstrates that electrical brain activity can be recorded from dry-contact electrode ear-EEG in real-life.
A Novel Synthesis of D‐Galactofuranosyl, D‐Glucofuranosyl and D‐Mannofuranosyl 1‐Phosphates Based on Remote Activation of New and Free Hexofuranosyl Donors. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Case-based representations for procedural knowledge (1993)

Case-based (CBR) refers to the class of memory-based problem solving methods that emphasize the adaptation of recalled solutions (explanations, diagnoses, plans) over their generation from first principles. CBR is emerging as one of the major methodologies for constructing intelligent systems. One of the primary problems in CBR has been the lack of a comprehensive framework for organizing and evaluating the many case organization and representation methods that have been proposed.
This dissertation presents a theory of representation for reasoning. Formal models of procedure and case-based reasoning are developed and used to evaluate two current organizational proposals, individual cases and microcases. A new case organization, the multicase, is presented. Its advantages over the existing methods are quantified using the formal model.
An implementation of multicases in the FLOABN system is presented. FLOABN acquires procedures for operating mundane electronic and mechanical devices, such as telephones and photocopiers. The core of FLOABN is a multicase-based adaptive planner, SCAVENGER. The multicase organization of episodic memory is used to support several important functions: retrieval at different levels of detail, reconstructive memory, incremental learning, routinization, and the task-guided interpretation of instructions. The multicase provides a structure by which both procedural and incidental knowledge can be stored and accessed efficiently. Empirical evidence from FLOABN is presented that suggests that the trends observed in the formal model also apply to case bases of moderate size.
The thrust of this work is that differences in case-base organization have significant effects on the performance of CBR systems. The formal analysis of case organizations is a first in the CBR field. It is hoped that this work will further the development and analysis of case-base organizations and help CBR practitioners make more informed choices about them. One conclusion of this work is that, for the class of procedures studied, acquisition may be more effectively conceived of as the example-based construction of networks than as the recall individual example(s). While this might be interpreted as a negative result, it offers the possibility of a fruitful exchange of methods and problems between the two areas.
Correlating the Structure, Optical Spectra, and Electrodynamics of Single Silver Nanocubes (2009)

The plasmonic properties of noble metal nanoparticles have potential uses in a wide variety of technologies, particularly sensing devices, based on their optical response. To better understand how nanoparticles can be incorporated in such devices, the detailed relationship between the optical response and structural properties of single nanoparticles is needed. Here we demonstrate that correlated localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) spectroscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) measurements can be used to obtain the optical response and detailed structural information for a single nanoparticle, using a silver (Ag) nanocube as the example. By carefully incorporating the HRTEM structural details into finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) electrodynamics calculations, excellent agreement with the LSPR measurements is obtained. The FDTD calculations show strong sensitivity between the nanocube optical response and the face-to-face width, corner and side rounding, and substrate of each cube, so careful determination of these parameters (1 nm resolution) is needed if theory and experiment are to match. In addition, the comparison of theory and experiment enables us to study the relative merits of the Johnson and Christy and Lynch and Hunter Ag dielectric data for describing perfect crystalline nanoparticles.
Indwelling double-pigtail plastic stents for treating disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome-associated peripancreatic fluid collections: long-term safety and efficacy (2020)

Long-term transmural drainage with DPS is a safe and effective treatment for DPDS-associated peri-PFCs. However, about one quarter of peri-PFCs will recur.
Bandgap difference current confinement GaInNAs lasers (2005)

Operation of real index guided GaInNAs quantum well lasers consisting of simple current confinement structure using bandgap difference is presented. The current confinement method is found to be useful to fabricate not only a single low cost optical devices but also photonic integrated circuit consisting with various waveguides and active devices.
Search for the rare decays $W⁺ \to D⁺_s\gamma$ and $Z \to D⁰\gamma$ at LHCb (2023)

A search for the rare decays $W^{+} \rightarrow D_s^{+} \gamma$ and $Z \rightarrow D^0 \gamma$ is performed using proton-proton collision data collected by the LHCb experiment at a centre-of-mass energy of 13$\mathrm{TeV}$, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.0$\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$. No significant signal is observed for either decay mode and upper limits on their branching fractions are set using $W^{+} \rightarrow \mu^{+} \nu$ and $Z \rightarrow \mu^{+} \mu^{-}$ decays as normalization channels. The upper limits are ${{{6.5\times 10^{-4}}}}$ and ${{{2.1\times 10^{-3}}}}$ at 95% confidence level for the $W^{+} \rightarrow D_s^{+} \gamma$ and $Z \rightarrow D^0 \gamma$ decay modes, respectively. This is the first reported search for the $Z \rightarrow D^0 \gamma$ decay, while the upper limit on the $W^{+} \rightarrow D_s^{+} \gamma$ branching fraction improves upon the previous best limit.
Automated exploration of design concepts (2007)

Modern product engineering faces the challenge of making numerous design tradeoffs for high-dimensional, interdisciplinary nonlinear systems. This paper presents a new method for exploring product concepts, including an insightful definition of design concept, an algorithmic approach to evaluating high-level design options, and a concise way to communicate simulation and optimization results to product designers and architects. The feasible landscape of architectural alternatives is described in terms of a list of optimized designs, unique design concepts, and implementation rules. Our implementation of automated concept exploration (ACE), which includes very broad mapping of the design space, gradient-based optimization, and rule mining, is demonstrated for the design of a high-performance liquid crystal display (LCD).
Temperature Compensation in Silicon-Based Micro-Electromechanical Resonators (2009)

In this paper, we present passive temperature compensation by means of silicon dioxide. Using an oxide refilling technique it avoids gap distance reduction and therefore prevents degradation of electromechanical coupling and motional resistance of the micro-electromechanical resonator. Samples are fabricated and electrically characterized to demonstrate the feasibility of the process concept. A constant quality factor (Q) and only a slight increase of the series resistance value (R <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ) are achieved, while the frequency inaccuracy due to temperature variation is reduced. ANSYS simulations are carried out to evaluate the potential of the technique, resulting in a remaining inaccuracy of less than 40 ppm.
Circumventing Immune Tolerance Through Epigenetic Modification (2009)

In recent decades our understanding of immune cell activation and homeostasis has significantly expanded. Such progress helped to better define the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic networks involved in the immune response in the tumor microenvironment and renewed the enthusiasm towards the potential power of cancer immunotherapy. However, successful translation of novel mechanistic discoveries into effective immunotherapy was hindered by a number of obstacles, among them the ability of tumors to tolerize host lymphocytes rendering them functionally incompetent and the tumor's ability to evade antigen-specific immune recognition through a variety of genetic, epigenetic, and stromal factors. These immunosuppressive strategies have, thus far, blunted our efforts to effectively unleash anti-cancer immunity. Fortunately, the wealth of new information regarding the interactions between tumors and the immune system and the regulation of certain highly antigenic tumor proteins has led to novel approaches with the potential to render cancer cells helpless towards immune attack. Here we summarize recent findings on cancer-induced T-lymphocyte tolerance and discuss a novel "vaccinate-induce" strategy conceived to counteract these effects at an epigenetic level.
Microfluidic cavity surface emitting laser based biosensor (2004)

The goal of this research is to characterize different biological cells with the help of intracavity spectroscopy following the work of Gourley et al in 1997. This paper reports initial results on device fabrication, and modulation of laser threshold and slope efficiency, with the bioanalyte's refractive index. An approximate mathematical model is also proposed to support the experimental results.
Foreword: Special Section on Electrical Contacts (2018)

Welcome to the Special Topics Section dedicated to the 2016 Holm Conference on Electrical Contacts. This Special Section contains six high-quality papers that comprehensively describe the state of the art and potential future directions for topics of great interest to our readers. The Editor-in-Chief (EIC), in consultation with the other EICs, Associate Editors (AEs), and domain experts, selects the topics for the Special Sections, and a Guest Editor or AE (GE/AE), who is a leading expert in the technical area, and then directs the solicitation and peer review of the papers. In cases where the GE/AE is also an author, the EIC is responsible for the peer review to avoid any real or perceived conflicts of interest.
Infrared and Raman spectra of the spinel ZnGa2O4 (1973)

Abstract A study of the infrared and Raman spectra of single crystals and powders of ZnGa 2 O 4 yields the following k = 0 phonon frequencies: 175 cm −1 ( T 1 u ), 328 cm −1 ( T 1 u ), 420 cm −1 ( T 1 u ), 570 cm −1 ( T 1 u ), 467 cm −1 ( T 2 g ), 611 cm −1 ( T 2 g ), 638 cm −1 ( E g ) and 714 cm −1 ( A 1 g ). The results are compared with the frequencies of the vibronic sidebands of the Cr 3+ R line emission as observed in ZnGa 2 O 4 : Cr 3+ . It is found that the strogest vibronics of the R lines are due to coupling of the Cr 3+ electrons with the T 1u modes of the ZnGa 2 O 4 lattice, especially with the two higher frequency T 1u modes.
Formation of n+/p junctions less than 20 nm deep in Ge and diffusion control by Flash Lamp Annealing (FLA) (2015)

We demonstrate the formation of n+/p ultra-shallow junctions in Ge using Flash Lamp Annealing (FLA). With FLA both shallow junctions and high activation can be achieved, for example, a sheet resistance of 400 ohms/sq with a junction depth of 20 nm. The shallowest junction depth was 17 nm with a sheet resistance of 493 ohms/sq. In addition, by varying the FLA conditions, i.e., the temperature and annealing time in the millisecond range, diffusion lengths of less than 30 nm can be controlled with a precision of 1nm. These results indicate that FLA has great potential for forming ultra-shallow n+/p junctions in Ge devices.
Vertical etching with isolated catalysts in metal-assisted chemical etching of silicon (2012)

Metal assisted chemical etching with interconnected catalyst structures has been used to create a wide array of organized nanostructures. However, when patterned catalysts are not interconnected, but are isolated instead, vertical etching to form controlled features is difficult. A systematic study of the mechanism and catalyst stability of metal assisted chemical etching (MACE) of Si in HF and H(2)O(2) using Au catalysts has been carried out. The effects of the etchants on the stability of Au catalysts were examined in detail. The role of excess electronic holes as a result of MACE was investigated via pit formation as a function of catalyst proximity and H(2)O(2) concentration. We show that a suppression of excess holes can be achieved by either adding NaCl to or increasing the HF concentration of the etching solution. We demonstrate that an electric field can direct most of the excess holes to the back of the Si wafer and thus reduce pit formation at the surface of Si between the Au catalysts. The effect of hydrogen bubbles, generated as a consequence of MACE, on the stability of Au catalysts has also been investigated. We define a regime of etch chemistry and catalyst spacing for which catalyst stability and vertical etching can be achieved.
From the Guest Editor: An Overview of Optical Communciations (2002)

This issue of Optics and Photonics News and its supplement, OPN Trends, focus on research directions in the field of optical communication systems. The goal is to provide a bird's eye view of the status--as well as a brief look into the future--of the technologies that will help define the role of photonics in information technology.
The implementation of the Cilk-5 multithreaded language (1998)

The fifth release of the multithreaded language Cilk uses a provably good "work-stealing" scheduling algorithm similar to the first system, but the language has been completely redesigned and the runtime system completely reengineered. The efficiency of the new implementation was aided by a clear strategy that arose from a theoretical analysis of the scheduling algorithm: concentrate on minimizing overheads that contribute to the work, even at the expense of overheads that contribute to the critical path. Although it may seem counterintuitive to move overheads onto the critical path, this "work-first" principle has led to a portable Cilk-5 implementation in which the typical cost of spawning a parallel thread is only between 2 and 6 times the cost of a C function call on a variety of contemporary machines. Many Cilk programs run on one processor with virtually no degradation compared to equivalent C programs. This paper describes how the work-first principle was exploited in the design of Cilk-5's compiler and its runtime system. In particular, we present Cilk-5's novel "two-clone" compilation strategy and its Dijkstra-like mutual-exclusion protocol for implementing the ready deque in the work-stealing scheduler.
Tunable Two-Photon Excited Luminescence in Single Gold Nanowires Fabricated by Lithographically Patterned Nanowire Electrodeposition (2008)

The two-photon excited luminescence (TPEL) of single gold nanowires was investigated under far-field illumination with picosecond pulses. These nanowires, having a rectangular cross-section, a precisely defined thickness, and millimeter-scale length, were prepared by using the lithographically patterned nanowire electrodepostion (LPNE) technique. The TPEL from these wires was investigated as a function of wire thickness. It is found that the optical properties of the wire are dominated by the transverse surface plasmon resonance, which enhances the two-photon absorption process and subsequent emission in the polarization direction of the plasmon mode. Upon tuning the thickness of the wire from 74 to 25 nm, an enhancement of 3 orders of magnitude in the TPEL was observed. The TPEL tunability is found to be consistent with the geometry-dependent field concentration at the metal surface as predicted by the lightning rod model.