gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Coxsackievirus B4 Can Infect Human Peripheral Blood-Derived Macrophages (2015)

Beyond acute infections, group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) are also reported to play a role in the development of chronic diseases, like type 1 diabetes. The viral pathogenesis mainly relies on the interplay between the viruses and innate immune response in genetically-susceptible individuals. We investigated the interaction between CVB4 and macrophages considered as major players in immune response. Monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM) generated with either M-CSF or GM-CSF were inoculated with CVB4, and infection, inflammation, viral replication and persistence were assessed. M-CSF-induced MDM, but not GM-CSF-induced MDM, can be infected by CVB4. In addition, enhancing serum was not needed to infect MDM in contrast with parental monocytes. The expression of viral receptor (CAR) mRNA was similar in both M-CSF and GM-CSF MDM. CVB4 induced high levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6 and TNFα) in both MDM populations. CVB4 effectively replicated and persisted in M-CSF MDM, but IFNα was produced in the early phase of infection only. Our results demonstrate that CVB4 can replicate and persist in MDM. Further investigations are required to determine whether the interaction between the virus and MDM plays a role in the pathogenesis of CVB-induced chronic diseases.
A comprehensive collection of experimentally validated primers for Polymerase Chain Reaction quantitation of murine transcript abundance (2008)

We have identified an experimentally validated collection of murine primer pairs for PCR and QPCR which can be used under a common PCR thermal profile, allowing the evaluation of transcript abundance of a large number of genes in parallel. This feature is increasingly attractive for confirming and/or making more precise data trends observed from experiments performed with DNA microarrays.
Spontaneous Spinal Epidural Hematoma (1963)

Two cases of the spontaneous occurrence of spinal epidural hematomas of the high thoracic area are reported. Both acute and subacute presentations of paraplegia are represented. Neither patient had experienced any significant antecedent trauma. No predisposing medical conditions were present. Both patients recovered to independent ambulation following timely operative intervention. The pertinent literature on spinal epidural hematomas is reviewed, and the differential diagnosis of this entity is discussed. The need for prompt diagnosis and surgical treatment to achieve the best neurological outcome is emphasized.
Assessing Watershed-Wildfire Risks on National Forest System Lands in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States (2013)

Wildfires can cause significant negative impacts to water quality with resultant consequences for the environment and human health and safety, as well as incurring substantial rehabilitation and water treatment costs. In this paper we will illustrate how state-of-the-art wildfire simulation modeling and geospatial risk assessment methods can be brought to bear to identify and prioritize at-risk watersheds for risk mitigation treatments, in both pre-fire and post-fire planning contexts. Risk assessment results can be particularly useful for prioritizing management of hazardous fuels to lessen the severity and likely impacts of future wildfires, where budgetary and other constraints limit the amount of area that can be treated. Specifically we generate spatially resolved estimates of wildfire likelihood and intensity, and couple that information with spatial data on watershed location and watershed erosion potential to quantify watershed exposure and risk. For a case study location we focus on National Forest System lands in the Rocky Mountain Region of the United States. The Region houses numerous watersheds that are critically important to drinking water supplies and that have been impacted or threatened by large wildfires in recent years. Assessment results are the culmination of a broader multi-year science-management partnership intended to have direct bearing on wildfire management decision processes in the Region. Our results suggest substantial variation in the exposure of and likely effects to highly valued watersheds throughout the Region, which carry significant implications for prioritization. In particular we identified the San Juan National Forest as having the highest concentration of at-risk highly valued watersheds, as well as the greatest amount of risk that can be mitigated via hazardous fuel reduction treatments. To conclude we describe future opportunities and challenges for management of wildfire-watershed interactions.
<title>High Precision Alignment Stage For Micro Lithography</title> (1988)

With short wavelength light sources, VLSI chips with less than 0.5μm line width can be produced. In such case, alignment accuracy must be 0.1μm or less. Mechanical positioning accuracies of the stages, such as a wafer stage or a mask alignment stage, govern the total overlay accuracy. This report presents a mechanical improvement for the mask alignment stage, such as improvement in X,Y axes motion accuracy and realizing Z and tilt motion controls. A prototype compact and high precision alignment stage has been manufactured. In order to improve the X,Y motion accuracy, the stage has friction drive mechanisms and has a measuring method with analog/digital conversion of linear scale signals. In the experimental results obtained from the X,Y stage, less than 0.025μm motion resolution has been obtained.' No backlash, no stick-slip, and no hysteresis have been observed.
Detection of Subclinical Corneal Ectasia Using Corneal Tomographic and Biomechanical Assessments in a Japanese Population (2019)

In the current study, 40% of VAE-NT eyes were classified as normal by the BAD-D, CBI, and TBI. Although some of these cases may truly represent unilateral ectasia, further advances are needed to enhance ectasia detection and characterize the susceptibility for ectasia progression. [J Refract Surg. 2019;35(6):383-390.].
One-Phase Synthesis of Water-Soluble Gold Nanoparticles with Control over Size and Surface Functionalities (2010)

We report a simple and efficient synthetic method to prepare gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in aqueous phase using HAuCl(4) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) ligands appended with bidentate anchoring groups. Our approach provides narrow size distribution nanocrystals over the size range between 1.5 and 18 nm; this range is much wider than those achieved using other small molecules and polymer ligands. The NP size was simply controlled by varying the molar ratio of Au-to-PEG ligand precursors. Further passivation of the as-prepared AuNPs permitted in situ functionalization of the NP surface with the desired functional groups. The prepared AuNPs exhibit remarkable stability in the presence of high salt concentrations, over a wide range of pHs (2-13), and a strong resistance to competition from dithiothreitol (DTT). These results are a clear manifestation of the advantages offered by our synthetic approach to prepare biocompatible AuNPs, where modular, multifunctional ligands presenting strong anchoring groups and hydrophilic PEG chains are used.
Real-time prediction of formation pressure gradient while drilling (2022)

Accurate real-time pore pressure prediction is crucial especially in drilling operations technically and economically. Its prediction will save costs, time and even the right decisions can be taken before problems occur. The available correlations for pore pressure prediction depend on logging data, formation characteristics, and combination of logging and drilling parameters. The objective of this work is to apply artificial neural networks (ANN) and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to introduce two models to estimate the formation pressure gradient in real-time through the available drilling data. The used parameters include rate of penetration (ROP), mud flow rate (Q), standpipe pressure (SPP), and rotary speed (RS). A data set obtained from some vertical wells was utilized to develop the predictive model. A different set of data was utilized for validating the proposed artificial intelligence (AI) models. Both models forecasted the output with a good correlation coefficient (R) for training and testing. Moreover, the average absolute percentage error (AAPE) did not exceed 2.1%. For validation stage, the developed models estimated the pressure gradient with a good accuracy. This study proves the reliability of the proposed models to estimate the pressure gradient while drilling using drilling data. Moreover, an ANN-based correlation is provided and can be directly used by introducing the optimized weights and biases, whenever the drilling parameters are available, instead of running the ANN model.
The Abl‐1 Kinase is Dispensable for NK Cell Inhibitory Signalling and is not Involved in Murine NK Cell Education (2017)

Natural killer (NK) cell responsiveness in the mouse is determined in an education process guided by inhibitory Ly49 and NKG2A receptors binding to MHC class I molecules. It has been proposed that inhibitory signalling in human NK cells involves Abl-1 (c-Abl)-mediated phosphorylation of Crk, lowering NK cell function via disruption of a signalling complex including C3G and c-Cbl, suggesting that NK cell education might involve c-Abl. Mice deficient in c-Abl expression specifically in murine NK cells displayed normal inhibitory and activating receptor repertoires. Furthermore, c-Abl-deficient NK cells fluxed Ca<sup>2+</sup> normally after triggering of ITAM receptors, killed YAC-1 tumour cells efficiently and showed normal, or even slightly elevated, capacity to produce IFN-γ after activating receptor stimulation. Consistent with these results, c-Abl deficiency in NK cells did not affect NK cell inhibition via the receptors Ly49G2, Ly49A and NKG2A. We conclude that signalling downstream of murine inhibitory receptors does not involve c-Abl and that c-Abl plays no major role in NK cell education in the mouse.
Generation of 110 fs-width optical pulse using MZM-based flat comb generator and DF-DDF (2011)

We demonstrate a 110 fs-width optical pulse generation using a MZM-based flat comb generator and a dispersion-flattened dispersion-decreasing fiber by compensating a residual chirp existing in compressed pulses using short single mode fibers.
VLSI: linking design and manufacturing (1988)

A set of computer-aided design (CAD) tools that predict the effects of various manufacturing steps along with the chip's internal dimensions is described. Called the Process Engineer's Workbench, the system predicts the chip's characteristics, their statistical distribution, and the manufacturing yield likely from any one fabrication process. The tools are even sensitive to the small random variations that increase in significance as devices shrink in size. Workbench can be used to compare its programs' predictions and those of other software tools with actual measurements of devices and processes. Some existing CAD tools are reviewed to highlight the Workbench's advantages, and the features of the latter are examined. Written in C language for a Digital Equipment VAXstation, Workbench was designed to be portable and runs on several other popular workstations. It contains two basic libraries, namely, one of device models, the other of process step models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
Development of a Method for Fatigue Life Evaluation Using Strain Gradient Parameters (2018)

Welded structures are widely used for construction machines, automobiles, railway vehicles, etc. In these structures, the welded parts are generally the weakest points. In particular, the toes of welding and the tops of non-welded portion become causes of fractures because these are stress concentration points. Thus, a method is required for evaluating fatigue life by analyzing these stress concentration points in a lump. In this study, a new evaluation method was developed for welded parts using strain gradient parameters. The conclusions were as follows: (a) Comparing strain approximation equation Δε = Hε/rλε (Δε: Strain range, r: Distance from strain concentration point, Hε: Magnitude of strain concentration, λε: Slope of strain concentration) to the strain distribution of the aluminum alloy specimens calculated by using elasto-plastic analysis, the strain gradient parameters Hε and λε were derived. A fatigue-life surface was derived using the parameters and fatigue life data that were obtained from the fatigue testing of the test specimens. The equation of the surface was logN = －5.2logHε－3.5λε＋21.7. (b) The fatigue life calculated by the fatigue-life surface equation had approximately good agreement with the fatigue life derived in the test.
Development of a Polypyrrole Modified Gold Microelectrode for Soil Nitrate Detection (2007)

Soil nitrate is an important item in soil testing for formulated fertilization. Conventional soil nitrate detection methods are reliable, but time-consuming and expensive. In this paper, a polypyrrole modified microelectrode array was developed for rapid detection of soil nitrate. The microelectrode array was fabricated using a micro-fabrication process. A thin layer of nitrate ion selective membrane was deposited onto the surface of the microelectrode array for amperometric detection by cyclic voltammetry. Simple linear regression resulted in a correlation coefficient of 0.995 between peak current of the voltammograms and nitrate concentration with a detection limit of 1times10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> mol/L.
Random walks on weighted graphs, and applications to on-line algorithms (1990)

We study the design and analysis of randomized on-line algorithms. We show that this problem is closely related to the synthesis of random walks on graphs with positive real costs on their edges.
Study of ordered hadron chains with the ATLAS detector (2017)

The analysis of the momentum difference between charged hadrons in high-energy proton-proton collisions is performed in order to study coherent particle production. The observed correlation pattern agrees with a model of a helical QCD string fragmenting into a chain of ground-state hadrons. A threshold momentum difference in the production of adjacent pairs of charged hadrons is observed, in agreement with model predictions. The presence of low-mass hadron chains also explains the emergence of charge-combination-dependent two-particle correlations commonly attributed to Bose-Einstein interference. The data sample consists of $190\text{ }\text{ }\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{b}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ of minimum-bias events collected with proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy $\sqrt{s}=7\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{TeV}$ in the early low-luminosity data taking with the ATLAS detector at the LHC.
Solid-Phase Synthesis of a Tyrphostin Ether Library (2003)

The solid-phase synthesis of a 4500-member (30 x 15 x 10) tyrphostin library is demonstrated utilizing the Irori-directed sorting system. Fmoc-protected PL-Rink resin was used as the solid support. After Fmoc-deprotection, aryl aldehydes were attached to the resin through reductive amination. Acylation of the resulting secondary amines with cyanoacetic acid was followed by a Knoevenagel condensation with phenolic aldehydes. Mitsunobu coupling of primary alcohols to the resin-bound phenols yielded the final library of compounds 1.
Developing speech recognition systems for corpus indexing under the IARPA Babel program (2013)

Automatic speech recognition is a core component of many applications, including keyword search. In this paper we describe experiments on acoustic modeling, language modeling, and decoding for keyword search on a Cantonese conversational telephony corpus collected as part of the IARPA Babel program. We show that acoustic modeling techniques such as the bootstrapped-and-restructured model and deep neural network acoustic model significantly outperform a state-of-the-art baseline GMM/HMM model, in terms of both recognition performance and keyword search performance, with improvements of up to 11% relative character error rate reduction and 31% relative maximum term weighted value improvement. We show that while an interpolated Model M and neural network LM improve recognition performance, they do not improve keyword search results; however, the advanced LM does reduce the size of the keyword search index. Finally, we show that a simple form of automatically adapted keyword search performs 16% better than a preindexed search system, indicating that out-of-vocabulary search is still a challenge.
Sex-specific Mediation of Opioid-induced Hyperalgesia by the Melanocortin-1 Receptor (2009)

The data indicate the sex-specific mediation of high-dose morphine-induced hyperalgesia by N-methyl-d-aspartate and melanocortin-1 receptors in male and female mice, respectively, suggesting a broader relevance of this known sexual dimorphism. The data further indicate that the neural substrates contributing to hyperalgesia are morphine dose-dependent.
Morbidity of subtotal colectomy in patients with severe ulcerative colitis unresponsive to cyclosporin (1995)

These initial data suggest that cyclosporin treatment may not influence the safety of urgent surgical treatment in severe ulcerative colitis.
Unique Determinants of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance among N3, N7, and N9 Avian Influenza Viruses (2015)

The number of humans infected with avian influenza viruses is increasing, raising concerns of the emergence of avian influenza viruses resistant to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs). Since most studies have focused on NAI-resistance in human influenza viruses, we investigated the molecular changes in NA that could confer NAI resistance in avian viruses grown in immortalized monolayer cells, especially those of the N3, N7, and N9 subtypes, which have caused human infections. We identified not only numerous NAI-resistant substitutions previously reported in other NA subtypes but also several novel changes conferring reduced susceptibility to NAIs, which are subtype specific. The findings indicate that some resistance markers are common across NA subtypes, but other markers need to be determined empirically for each subtype. The study also implies that antiviral surveillance monitoring could play a critical role in the clinical management of influenza virus infection and an essential component of pandemic preparedness.
‘Tellurium acetylacetonates’: crystal structures of 1,1-dichloro-1-telluracyclohexane-3,5-dione and 1-telluracyclohexane-3,5-dione (1976)

The crystal structures of the title compounds Cl2TeC5H6O2, (I) and TeC5H6O2, (II) have been determined by the heavy-atom method and refined by least squares to R 0.060 (I)(1 642 reflections) and 0.058 (II)(1 182 reflections). Crystals of (I) are monoclinic, a= 10.565(7), b= 22.03(1)·c= 7.185(3)Å, β= 130.74(6)°,Z= 6, space group Cm; crystals of (II) are orthorhombic, a= 5.2765(9), b= 10.744(2), c= 22.296(6)Å, Z= 8, space group I2cb. The structures comprise monomeric units. In (I) the tellurium environment is pseudo-trigonal-bi-pyramidal with axial chlorines [means : Te–Cl 2.49 Å: Cl–Te–Cl 171.8°(opposite to the ‘lone pair’)]; C–Te–C is 95.5°. In (II) C–Te–C is reduced to 89.5°. Te–C in both compounds is 2.16 Å.
Temperature dependent current and charge trapping in thick SiO/sub 2//ZrO/sub 2/ stacks (2003)

The influence of charge trapping on the temperature dependence of leakage through thick SiO/sub 2//ZrO/sub 2/ stacks is investigated. Charge trapping measurements as well as DC and pulsed I-V measurements are used, showing that an apparent strong temperature dependence of the leakage current can be explained by tunneling wherein temperature dependent trapped charge alters the effective barrier and therefore strongly influences the tunneling current. A weak temperature dependence of the current through these stacks is obtained with pulsed measurements.
Vers un système de navigation 3D en neuroradiologie interventionnelle (2007)

In interventional neuroradiology, the X-ray angiography machine is the reference imaging system to guide the doctor during the treatment. This machine allows<br />the acquisition of 3D image showing the patient arteries (or 3DXA). Nevertheless, visual control of the tools deployment (guide, catheter?) in the arterial ne<br />twork is carried out with a real time 2D X-ray image (or fluoroscopic image). The purpose of this thesis was to contribute to the improvement of the image gui<br />dance techniques by proposing tools to allow the use of the 3D image during the treatment.<br /><br />The images being acquired with the same angiography machine, one part of this work was to develop reliable method to calibrate the imaging chain carried by th<br />e rotary arm of the machine. The goal was to understand if the arm is deformed or not under the influence of its own weight.<br /><br />Using the fact that images are acquired with the same machine, we proposed a 3D2D registration method between the 3DXA and the fluoroscopic image. This method<br /> exploits the position sensors of the system and incorporates the mechanical deformations undergone by the arm.<br /><br />Following this work, a system allowing the fusion of the image 3DXA with the fluoroscopic image was developed in collaboration with GE Healthcare and evaluate<br />d with the CHU of Nancy for the treatment of cerebral aneurysm.<br /><br />A new system equipped with two imaging chains (biplane system) was installed in Nancy during our thesis. After having developed a method to detect in 2D the g<br />uide in the fluoroscopic images, a first study was initiated to make a 3D reconstruction of the guide thanks to the biplane images.
A microfluidic surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic biosensor using aptamer functionalized nanopillars (2013)

This paper presents a microchip incorporating an aptamer-functionalized nanopillar substrate, enabling the specific detection of low-abundance biomolecules using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). In a temperature controlled microchamber, aptamers immobilized on the nanostructure surface specifically recognize target molecules. Raman-tagged biomolecules trapped within a cluster of leaning nanopillars report greatly enhanced Raman signals due to the coupling effect of localized surface plasmons. It was demonstrated that integrated intensities of spatially collected Raman responses are linearly proportional to analyte concentrations in the low picomolar regime (10/ 50/ 100/ 200 pM), showing the capability of our device for sensitive and quantitative detection of analyte molecules.
Stereo with mirrors (2002)

In this paper, we propose the use of mirrors and a single camera for computational stereo. When compared to conventional stereo systems that use two cameras, our method has a number of significant advantages such as wide field of view, single viewpoint projection, identical camera parameters and ease of calibration. We propose four stereo systems that use a single camera pointed towards planar, ellipsoidal, hyperboloidal, and paraboloidal mirrors. In each case, we present a derivation of the epipolar constraints. Next, we attempt to understand what can be seen by each system, and formalize the notion of field of view. We conclude with two experiments to obtain 3-D structure. In the first we use a pair of planar mirrors, and in the second a pair of paraboloidal mirrors. The results of our experiments demonstrate the viability of stereo using mirrors.