gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wideband Motion Control by Position and Acceleration Input Based Disturbance Observer (2007)

The disturbance observer can observe and suppress the disturbance torque within its bandwidth. Recent motion systems begin to spread in the society and they are required to have ability to contact with unknown environment. Such a haptic motion requires much wider bandwidth. However, since the conventional disturbance observer attains the acceleration response by the second order derivative of position response, the bandwidth is limited due to the derivative noise.This paper proposes a novel structure of a disturbance observer. The proposed disturbance observer uses an acceleration sensor for enlargement of bandwidth. Generally, the bandwidth of an acceleration sensor is from 1Hz to more than 1kHz. To cover DC range, the conventional position sensor based disturbance observer is integrated. Thus, the performance of the proposed Position and Acceleration input based disturbance observer (PADO) is superior to the conventional one. The PADO is applied to position control (infinity stiffness) and force control (zero stiffness). The numerical and experimental results show viability of the proposed method.
Minimum Stable Flying Height with Thermal Protrusion Actuation (2006)

With ever increasing areal densities in magnetic recording, novel methods to accurately control the clearance between slider and disk are needed. One recently introduced method is thermal protrusion of a heater element located close the read/write element at the trailing end of a slider. By applying an electric current to the heater coil, the slider's trailing end protrudes towards the disk and can be driven into contact with sufficiently high heating power. Understanding the contact dynamics and the touch-down/take-off hysteresis is an important aspect of controlling the minimum stable distance between the slider and disk. In this paper, a novel method to measure touchdown and take-off hysteresis with a single pulse applied to the heater is introduced. Furthermore, the effect of air bearing compliance as a function of thermal protrusion is investigated. By modifying the pressure profile of the air bearing surface, improved actuation efficiency can be achieved
LIGHT CONFINING CAVITIES FOR GaAs AND Si SOLAR CELLS (1991)

Abstract Two types of light confining cavities containing GaAs and Si cells for spectrum-splitting operation are analyzed. The first type is based on the spatial confinement of light, while the second one uses angular confinement as well (elliptic cavities). It is shown that both concepts lead to a potential cavity efficiency of around 33-34% with good but realistic cells. However, the elliptic cavity is preferred because it does not require very small entry apertures illuminated at strong irradiances. Minor, practical modifications of the cavity are also suggested by the analysis. KEY WORDS: Solar cellsLight confinementSpectrum splitting
Hydrogenation of Biofuels with Formic Acid over a Palladium‐Based Ternary Catalyst with Two Types of Active Sites (2014)

A composite catalyst including palladium nanoparticles on titania (TiO2) and on nitrogen-modified porous carbon (Pd/TiO2@N-C) is synthesized from palladium salts, tetrabutyl titanate, and chitosan. N2 sorption isotherms show that the catalyst has a high BET surface area (229 m(2) g(-1)) and large porosity. XPS and TEM characterization of the catalyst shows that palladium species with different chemical states are well dispersed across the TiO2 and nitrogen-modified porous carbon, respectively. The Pd/TiO2@N-C catalyst is very active and shows excellent stability towards hydrogenation of vanillin to 2-methoxy-4-methylphenol using formic acid as hydrogen source. This activity can be attributed to a synergistic effect between the Pd/TiO2 (a catalyst for dehydrogenation of formic acid) and Pd/N-C (a catalyst for hydrogenation of vanillin) sites.
Experimental studies of tip-vortex formation; influence of blade-tip geometry on the vortex characteristics (2011)

,Noise generation remains a major concern in the design of modern rotorcrafts. One of the major noise sources is associated with the blade-vortex interaction (BVI) phenomenon. The present study concerns the investigation of tip vortex formation and development of passive flow control technique for the reduction of strength and vortex core size. Two measurement techniques: laser sheeting photography and velocity measurements utilizing a hot-wire anemometer, were conducted in a low-speed wind tunnel environment to determine vortex size. Five different blade-tip geometries were subject of investigation. The study shows that the polyhedral blade was deemed the most efficient due to the decrease in overall vortex velocity. Numerical studies using large-eddy simulation approach are in progress.
Perioperative buffered versus non-buffered fluid administration for surgery in adults (2012)

The administration of buffered fluids to adult patients during surgery is equally safe and effective as the administration of non-buffered saline-based fluids. The use of buffered fluids is associated with less metabolic derangement, in particular hyperchloraemia and metabolic acidosis. Larger studies are needed to assess robust outcomes such as mortality.
Objectively Measured Physical Activity and the Subsequent Risk of Incident Dysglycemia (2011)

Among community-dwelling adults, a higher rate of daily steps is associated with a reduced risk of incident dysglycemia. This effect appears to be not fully mediated through reduced adiposity.
Performance of Multiuser MIMO-OFDM System with Fractional Sampling in Street Canyon Area (2012)

This paper presents performance of a multiuser MIMO-OFDM (MU- MIMO) system with Fractional Sampling (FS) on a street canyon model. The MU-MIMO system has been investigated to improve the channel capacity in cellular systems. However the capacity of the MU-MIMO is deteriorated in an urban environment such as a street canyon due to a high correlation between antennas. Through FS it is possible to separate multipath components and realize diversity. FS works effectively when the correlation between the users are high. Numerical results through computer simulation shows that the capacity improves with the FS by about 3.5 bps/Hz.
The emerging periplasm-localized subclass of AroQ chorismate mutases, exemplified by those from Salmonella typhimurium and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2001)

Our analysis has detected a number of additional *aroQ genes. The joint presence of *AroQ, cyclohexadienyl dehydratase and aromatic aminotransferase in the periplasmic compartment of P. aeruginosa comprises a complete chorismate-to-phenylalanine pathway and accounts for the "hidden overflow pathway" to phenylalanine described previously.
<title>High-performance pulsed HF chemical lasers</title> (1993)

We demonstrated a high energy delivery of a pulsed wavelength-selected HF chemical laser by fluoride glass fibers (core/cladding equals 450/500 micrometers ). The optical energy of 19 mJ in a 540 ns pulse was successfully delivered with a peak intensity of 22 MW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> at the exit core surface. We have also theoretically investigated the operational characteristics of the pulsed chain first vibrational overtone HF chemical laser using a computer code. The model used can describe simultaneously both the fundamental and overtone oscillations. The higher overtone output energy of 2.73 J/l can be obtained with a gas mixture consisting of F<SUB>2</SUB>/H<SUB>2</SUB>/He equals 10/4/786 (Torr) by successfully suppressing the ASE.
Ferrochelatase activity in the photosynthetic alga Cyanidium caldarium. Development of the enzyme during biosynthesis of photosynthetic pigments (1984)

Dark-grown cells of the photosynthetic alga Cyanidium caldarium were shown to contain ferrochelatase activity, which increased markedly when the cells were induced to form pigments by exposure to light. Km values for the crude enzyme preparation were 14.8 microM and 6.5 microM for binding of Co2+ and deuteroporphyrin IX respectively.
Comparison of electrochemical and spectroscopic data of the low-bandgap polymer ptptb (2002)

To efficiently harvest the terrestrial solar emission in photovoltaic devices, the absorption spectrum of the photoactive material has to match the solar spectrum as well as possible. Materials which absorb at photon energies where the maximum of the solar emission occurs (around 1.8 eV are very important for photon harvesting. The synthesis of Poly-( N -dodecyl-2,5-bis(2′-thienyl)pyrrole-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)) (PTPTB), a low bandgap polymer, and its use in 'bulk heterojunction' photovoltaic devices was recently reported. For better understanding of the properties of this material, spectroelectrochemical, optical spectroscopic and cyclovoltammetric measurements as well as electrochemical voltage spectroscopy (EVS) were carried out to determine both the electrochemical and the optical bandgap. The comparison of the results allows the prediction of charge carrier formation via light exposure.
Status on meta-horn development &#x2013; theory and experiments (2010)

This paper demonstrates for the first time the implementation of broadband soft metaliners for use in soft horns. Two real meta-liner designs were developed. Analysis of a Cband rectangular horn with a wire grid meta liner yielded broad-band performance. Measured patterns will be shown during the presentation of the paper. The second metaliner comprises a dielectric slab with a ground plane on one side and a synthesized metal pattern on the opposite side, and with a single via per unit cell. MoM analysis of a circular horn with this liner inside demonstrates that large bandwidth can be achieved.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF THE PROTECTIVE STRUCTURE OF AN INTERCITY BUS DURING A ROLLOVER ACCIDENT (2018)

Vehicles, such as buses which are massive and have a very high centre of gravity, they have a lower resistance to overturning than other vehicles. The studies have shown that deformations can especially occur in the body structure. Some deformations that can occur in carrier elements during an accident make the vehicle a vital danger area for drivers and passengers. The aim of this study is to examine the protection of the passengers in the bus by means of constructive developments to be made within the body structure. ECE R66 legal regulations which are issued by the European Union (EU) and (Economic Commission for Europe Regulation 66- Provisions on the Approval of Major Passenger Vehicles for Resistance to the Construction of the Skeleton) for the buses were developed to protect passengers' habitats in overturning accidents. This work focuses to reach constructive solutions for costing, manufacturing and, safety which provided conditions for the body structure during rollover behaviour of the vehicle. Computer simulations and analysis have been performed to examine the strength of the cross-section of the body structure. The methods specified in the standard for calculating the rollover behaviour of the vehicle have been implemented and concluded. The results obtained from all these analyses produced constructive solutions and optimizations for the design of intercity buses.
Magnetic field controlled optical phase retardation in a hybrid nematic cell (1998)

We have studied the phase retardation of linearly polarized light in a hybrid nematic liquid crystal cell. For a certain range of directions of the applied magnetic field the phase retardation is found to change non-monotonically with the magnetic induction. The observed behaviour is described rather well by the standard Frank elastic theory. The corrections resulting from subsurface deformations, which are characteristic both for second order elasticity approach and for surface field theory, are also considered. The analysis of the experimental data suggests that the presence of distortions in the zero-field director configuration is the necessary condition for the non-monotonic phase retardation, which implies that such an experiment could be used for the detection of misalignment of the effective pretilts in a nematic cell.
Differential Effects of B Cell Receptor and B Cell Receptor–FcγRIIB1 Engagement on Docking of Csk to GTPase-activating Protein (GAP)-associated p62 (1997)

The stimulatory and inhibitory pathways initiated by engagement of stimulatory receptors such as the B cell receptor for antigen (BCR) and inhibitory receptors such as Fcgamma receptors of the IIB1 type (FcgammaRIIB1) intersect in ways that are poorly understood at the molecular level. Because the tyrosine kinase Csk is a potential negative regulator of lymphocyte activation, we examined the effects of BCR and FcgammaRIIB1 engagement on the binding of Csk to phosphotyrosine-containing proteins. Stimulation of a B lymphoma cell line, A20, with intact anti-IgG antibody induced a direct, SH2-mediated association between Csk and a 62-kD phosphotyrosine-containing protein that was identified as RasGTPase-activating protein-associated p62 (GAP-A.p62). In contrast, stimulation of A20 cells with anti-IgG F(ab')2 resulted in little increase in the association of Csk with GAP-A.p62. The effect of FcgammaRIIB1 engagement on this association was abolished by blockade of FcgammaRIIB1 with the monoclonal antibody 2.4G2. Furthermore, the increased association between Csk and GAP-A.p62 seen upon stimulation with intact anti-Ig was abrogated in the FcgammaRIIB1-deficient cell line IIA1.6 and recovered when FcgammaRIIB1 expression was restored by transfection. The differential effects of BCR and BCR-FcgammaRIIB1-mediated signaling on the phosphorylation of GAP-A.p62 and its association with Csk suggest that docking of Csk to GAP-A.p62 may function in the negative regulation of antigen receptor-mediated signals in B cells.
FTY720 demonstrates promising preclinical activity for chronic lymphocytic leukemia and lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (2007)

FTY720 is an immunosuppressant developed to prevent organ transplant rejection. Recent studies indicate an additional role for FTY720 in inducing cell apoptosis. We demonstrate here that FTY720 mediates toxic effects in cell lines representing different B-cell malignancies and primary B cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In contrast to previous reports in T-cell lines, FTY720-induced toxicity in the Raji cell line and primary CLL B cells is independent of activation of caspases or poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase processing. Further, pancaspase inhibitor Z-VAD-fmk failed to rescue these cells from apoptosis mediated by FTY720. FTY720 induced down-regulation of Mcl-1 but not Bcl-2 in CLL B cells. Overexpression of Bcl-2 failed to protect transformed B cells from FTY720-induced apoptosis, suggesting a Bcl-2-independent mechanism. Interestingly, FTY720 induced protein phosphatase 2a (PP2a) activation and downstream dephosphorylation of ERK1/2, whereas okadaic acid at concentrations that inhibited the FTY720-induced PP2a activation also resulted in inhibition of FTY720-mediated apoptosis and restoration of baseline ERK1/2 phosphorylation in primary CLL cells, indicating a role for PP2a activation in FTY720-induced cytotoxicity. Further, FTY720 treatment resulted in significant prolonged survival in a xenograft severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model of disseminated B-cell lymphoma/leukemia. These results provide the first evidence for the potential use of FTY720 as a therapeutic agent in a variety of B-cell malignancies, including CLL.
The "light-well": a tuneable nanoscale free-electron light source on-a-chip (2009)

An experimental demonstration of a new type of electromagnetic radiation source driven by electron beam, a 'lightwell', which can be used as a nanoscale tuneable emitter of surface plasmons and optical radiation, is here reported. His small lateral size, just few hundred of nanometres, and the compatibility of his structure with silicon-based technology, make this device suitable for employment in nanophotonic circuits as chip-scale free-electron light sources, or in densely packed ensembles for optical memory.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; The light-well idea can be seen as a nanoscale analogue of a free-electron laser (FEL). In the FEL a beam of electrons is launched through an accelerator towards a magnetic undulator, or "wiggler", which induces a modulation on the electrons along their path by mean of periodic transverse acceleration, thus resulting in emission of photons. In the FEL the wavelength of the emitted radiation can be tuned by adjusting either the energy of the electrons or the parameters of the wiggler. In the 'light-well', similarly, a beam of free-electrons is launched within a tunnel milled in a periodically layered metal-dielectric nanostructure which forces a modulation on the electron beam by mean of changes in the dielectric constant of the surrounding medium and, as a result, optical photons are emitted at a wavelength dependent on the energy of the incident electrons.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; Light-wells have been drawn in a stack of 200 nm thick alternating gold and silica layers sputtered onto a silicon substrate. Nano wells were milled through the various layers using a focused ion beam. Measurements aiming at recording emission of optical radiation were performed in hyperspectral cathodoluminescent imaging mode using a scanning electron microscope equipped with a spectrometer and nitrogen-cooled CCD array for detection and analysis of emitted light. When the electron beam is injected into the hole, the spectrum of the optical radiation shows two peaks whose positions depend on the acceleration voltage applied on the electrons. The total emission intensity increases with beam current and with the injection point approaching the wall of the nano-hole: an optical radiation power of approximately 0.1 nW has been reported.&lt;br/&gt;&lt;br/&gt; Theoretical descriptions and full numerical calculations, using the Boundary Element Method, BEM, were carried out and are presented along with the experimental data. The BEM solves Maxwell equations in frequency space expressing scattered electromagnetic fields in terms of boundary charges and currents discretized at representative points. The simulations show a reasonable agreement with the experimental results. They also suggest that the 'light-well' can work as a source of photons as well as surface plasmons.
Centralized Self-Optimization Performance of eICIC and AAS in LTE-A: A Comparison (2014)

Centralized Self-Optimization techniques has been gaining interest in the telecommunications community to automate the manual optimization process thereby bringing CAPital EXpenditure (CAPEX) and OPerational EXpenditure (OPEX) gains to the operator. We have developed in our previous work, a novel iterative self-optimization methodology based on surrogate functions to model functional relationships between the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) and network (configuration) parameters. These relationships are then used by an optimization engine to compute the optimized network parameters which are injected back into the network and the process continues iteratively. In this paper, we use the proposed methodology to solve self-optimization objectives in LTE-A Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) for two scenarios: enhanced InterCell Interference Coordination (eICIC) and Active Antenna Systems (AAS) based optimization. Results obtained using a network simulator provides a comparison of the two scenarios with relative advantages and disadvantages in a centralized self organizing context.
Ischemic Colitis During Treatment with Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Inhibitors in Rheumatoid Arthritis (2012)

Purpose: Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) inhibitors are approved for the treatment and maintenance of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Immunosuppression has been shown to induce ischemic colitis in animal models. A relationship between TNF-inhibitors and ischemic colitis has rarely been reported in published literature. We reviewed the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Adverse Event Reporting System (AERS) and published literature for reports of ischemic colitis associated with TNF-α inhibitors in RA patients. Methods: 2,562,390 files between January 2003 and June 2011 from the FDA AERS were downloaded and analyzed using SPSS 20 (IBM Co. Armonk, NY, USA). A search was conducted for reports limited to ‘primary suspect' reactions of ischemic colitis with TNF-α inhibitors, used for treatment of RA. Full length reports were obtained and analyzed to establish authenticity with cases having more likely causes for ischemic colitis such as sepsis eliminated from analysis. The cases were organized by age, gender, specific TNF-α inhibitors, concomitant drugs, and medical comorbidities that are risk factors for ischemic colitis. A PubMed search was performed using MESH terms: “anti-TNF” or “tumor necrosis factor inhibitor” or “TNF-alpha” and “ischemic colitis” separated by the Boolean operator “AND” between the first three and last terms. Results: Thirty-seven primary suspect reports of TNF-α inhibitors associated with ischemic colitis in RA patients were identified. Thirteen (35.1%) cases were reported with infliximab, 12 with adalimumab, eight with etanercept, and four with certolizumab. The majority of the cases were in females (31/37) and those between the ages of 50 and 65 (20/37). Evidence of a colonoscopy, biopsy, or other documented medical confirmation for ischemic colitis was present in 21 cases. One patient had heart disease and five had diabetes. There were no reports describing vasculitis or congestive heart failure. In 20 cases, concomitant medications presented as potential risks for ischemic colitis: 12 patients were on NSAIDs, four on ACE inhibitors, three on estrogen, two each on lisinopril, amlopidine, and beta blockers, and one each on benidipine, olmesartan, and simvastatin. Sixteen patients did not have any listed risk factors or concomitant medications that could increase the risk of ischemic colitis. In the literature, one report of ischemic colitis associated with adalimumab was identified. Conclusion: Our study suggests that TNF-α inhibitors may be initiating factors or co-factors in the development of ischemic colitis in RA patients. Further research to determine the mechanism of this association is warranted.
Upadacitinib Versus Placebo or Adalimumab in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis and an Inadequate Response to Methotrexate: Results of a Phase III, Double‐Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial (2019)

Upadacitinib was superior to placebo and adalimumab for improving signs, symptoms, and physical function in RA patients who were receiving background MTX. In addition, radiographic progression was significantly inhibited by upadacitinib as compared to placebo. The overall safety profile of upadacitinib was generally similar to that of adalimumab, except for higher rates of herpes zoster and CPK elevations in patients receiving upadacitinib.