gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary report on a glass burial experiment in granite (1983)

Preliminary results of a two-year burial experiment in granite are discussed. Three compositions of simulated alkali borosilicate waste glasses were placed in boreholes approximately 350 meters deep. The glass sample configurations include mini-cans (stainless steel rings into which glass has been cast) and pineapple slices (thin sections from cylindrical blocks). Assemblies of these glass samples were prepared by stacking them together with granite, compacted bentonite and metal rings to provide several types of interfaces that are expected to occur in the repository. The assemblies were maintained at either ambient mine temperature (8 to 10/sup 0/C) or 90/sup 0/C. The glasses were analyzed before burial and after one month storage at 90/sup 0/C. The most extensive surface degradation occurred on the glasses interfaced with bentonite. In general, very little attack was observed on glass surfaces in contact with the other materials. The limited field and laboratory data are compared.
Role of collection geometry in spectral diagnosis of atherosclerosis (1988)

Native 476-nm laser-induced fluorescence can be used to diagnose the presence of atherosclerosis in vitro.1 Figure 1 shows typical fluorescence spectra of a normal and diseased artery wall obtained from human cadaver aorta. Peak-to-valley ratios [i.e., I(600 m)/I(580 nm)] are often used as simple diagnostics. However, the fluorescence line shape of arterial wall and thus the peak-to-valley ratios depend significantly on the delivery/collection geometry of the detector. This occurs because tissue fluorescence and absorption both contribute to the composite tissue fluorescence line shape (Fig. 1).2 Thus the collection geometry of a data acquisition system must be well defined if data are to be interpreted meaningfully.
Neuronally produced betaine acts via a ligand-gated ion channel to control behavioral states (2022)

Trimethylglycine, or betaine, is an amino acid derivative found in diverse organisms, from bacteria to plants and animals, with well-established functions as a methyl donor and osmolyte in all cells. In addition, betaine is found in the nervous system, though its function there is not well understood. Here, we show that betaine is synthesized in the nervous system of the nematode worm, <i>Caenorhabditis elegans,</i> where it functions in the control of different behavioral states. Specifically, we find that betaine can be produced in a pair of interneurons, the RIMs, and packed into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter, CAT-1, expressed in these cells. Mutant animals defective in betaine synthesis are unable to control the switch from local to global foraging, a phenotype that can be rescued by restoring betaine specifically to the RIM neurons. These effects on behavior are mediated by a newly identified betaine-gated chloride channel, LGC-41, which is expressed broadly in the navigation circuit. These results implicate neuronally produced betaine as a neuromodulator in vivo and suggest a potentially similar role for betaine in nervous systems of other animals.
The extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin‐X regulates peripheral sensory and motor neurones (2018)

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is not only an integral structural molecule, but is also critical for a wide range of cellular functions. The glycoprotein tenascin-X (TNX) predominates in the ECM of tissues like skin and regulates tissue structure through anti-adhesive interactions with collagen. Monogenic TNX deficiency causes painful joint hypermobility and skin hyperelasticity, symptoms characteristic of hypermobility Ehlers Danlos syndrome (hEDS). hEDS patients also report consistently increased visceral pain and gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction. We investigated whether there is a direct link between TNX deficiency and GI pain or motor dysfunction. We set out first to learn where TNX is expressed in human and mouse, then determine how GI function, specifically in the colon, is disordered in TNX-deficient mice and humans of either sex. In human and mouse tissue, TNX was predominantly associated with cholinergic colonic enteric neurones, which are involved in motor control. TNX was absent from extrinsic nociceptive peptidergic neurones. TNX-deficient mice had internal rectal prolapse and a loss of distal colonic contractility which could be rescued by prokinetic drug treatment. TNX-deficient patients reported increased sensory and motor GI symptoms including abdominal pain and constipation compared to controls. Despite absence of TNX from nociceptive colonic neurones, neuronal sprouting and hyper-responsiveness to colonic distension was observed in the TNX-deficient mice. We conclude that ECM molecules are not merely support structures but an integral part of the microenvironment particularly for specific populations of colonic motor neurones where TNX exerts functional influences.
An Alkaline Copper Plating Process Providing High Nucleation Density on Ru and Bottom-Up Fill (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Challenges and Solutions for Non-Inverting Buck-Boost Converters (2021)

This paper discusses several challenges in the design of non-inverting buck-boost regulators. These range from the design of control loop to operation in various regions and associated issues. Several novel schemes are introduced like a universal timer which could work in all the regions of buck-boost, an adaptive region detector which provides optimum point of region-transition independent of input and output voltage measurements or load current and a simple state machine controlled trapezoidal regulation which enables efficient switching. These enable a peak current mode control with adaptive off-time to be maintained throughout all the regions preventing control loop discontinuities. All the ideas presented here are realized on a silicon integrated circuit. Subsequently these concepts are validated and proven through rigorous LAB analysis leading to a commercially usable product which generates adjustable outputs in the range of 1.8V to 5.2V from input voltages in the range of 1.3V to 5.5V.
Enhancing the frequency stability of a NEMS oscillator with electrostatic and mechanical nonlinearities (2009)

We show how to achieve large-amplitude oscillation and good phase noise characteristics in a nonlinear NEMS oscillator by using a softening nonlinearity to locally balance the hardening behaviour of the Duffing nonlinearity for a given motion amplitude. This design approach makes it possible to relax the constraints on the electronic feedback circuitry of NEMS reference oscillators or resonant sensors. The case when the softening behaviour is obtained via electrostatic biasing is theoretically investigated for a fully-capacitive pulse-actuated resonant structure. This is validated by simulated data, in the case of a resonant clamped-clamped beam.
Symmetry-based subproduct codes (2015)

Recently, a new type of product-like codes, known as half-product codes, have been studied for OTN applications. Motivated by these codes, new classes of symmetry-invariant subproduct codes are proposed and investigated under iterative hard-decision decoding. A subset of the new class of quarter product codes has lower error floors than comparable half-product codes in terms of length, rate and performance.
Abstract 5211: CXCR7 is a functional receptor in renal cancer cell lines (2010)

Abstract The CXCR7 chemokine receptor is a recently deorphanized receptor for the chemokines CXCL12 (SDF-1) and CXCL11 (I-TAC) with a transduction pathway still not defined. In cancer, high CXCR7 expression was described on breast, lung, prostatic and colon cancer. In non small cell lung cancer and in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, concomitant CXCR7 and CXCR4 expression correlated with metastatic recurrence and short disease free survival. We previously demonstrated that in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) CXCR4 and CXCR7 overexpression correlates with prognosis. Aim of the study was to investigate the function of the CXCR4-CXCR7-CXCL12 axis in human renal cancer cells. To this aim CXCR4 and CXCR7 expression was evaluated in human RCC cell lines (ACHN, CAKI-S, UO31, SN12C, UOK121, UOK143, A498, TK10, 786-O) through Real Time PCR, Western blot and flow cytometry. Further studies on the possible CXCR4-CXCL12-CXCR7 function were conducted in SN12C, A498 and 786-O (cell proliferation, migration and signal transduction CXCL12-induced). In human renal cancer cells (SN12C, 786-O and A498) nor CXCL12 neither specific anti-CXCR4 (12G5 clone) and CXCR7 (11G8 clone) affected cell proliferation. Next the evaluation of migration was conducted. In SN12C and 786-O CXCL12 migration was partially inhibited by AMD3100 (a CXCR4 inhibitor) and completely inhibited by anti-CXCR4 (12G5 clone) and anti-CXCR7 (11G8 clone) antibodies. Interestingly, SN12C and 786-O cells treatment with CCX733 and CCX771, small compounds specifically binding the CXCR7 receptor, induced a dramatic increase of CXCL12-induced migration. In A498 cells, high CXCR4 and CXCR7 expressing cell lines, CXCL12 induced migration was inhibited by AMD3100 and anti-CXCR4 and anti-CXCR7 antibodies, while treatment with CCX771 and CCX733 completely inhibited migration. CXCL12 induced p-AKT was also evaluated in A498, 786-O and SN12C cells. In A498, 786-O and SN12C cells CXCL12 induced p-AKT induction; the induction was partially inhibited by AMD3100, anti-CXCR4 (12G5 clone) and CXCR7 (11G8 clone) antibodies, while was enhanced by the CCX733 and CCX771 administration. To shed further insight into the CXCR7 transduction pathway CXCR4 and CXCR7 were alternatively silenced in SN12C and A498 cell lines. SN12Csi CXCR4 were not able to migrate toward CXCL12 but still migrated toward CXCL12 in the presence of CCX733 and CCX771 small molecules. On the contrary, SN12Csi CXCR7 migration was unaffected by CXC771 and CCX733 treatment. Results on A498 are comingTaken together the results suggest that CXCR7 modulate CXCR4 function in human renal cancer cells being a new possible diagnostic and therapeutic target Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5211.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (6R,7S)‐Lactacystin and 6‐Deoxylactacystin from a Common Intermediate. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Fast-Seq: A Simple Method for Rapid and Inexpensive Validation of Packaged Single-Stranded Adeno-Associated Viral Genomes in Academic Settings (2019)

Adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors have shown great promise in gene delivery as evidenced by recent FDA approvals. Despite efforts to optimize manufacturing for good manufacturing practice (GMP) productions, few academic laboratories have the resources to assess vector composition. One critical component of vector quality is packaged genome fidelity. Errors in viral genome replication and packaging can result in the incorporation of faulty genomes with mutations, truncations, or rearrangements, compromising vector potency. Thus, sequence validation of packaged genome composition is an important quality control (QC), even in academic settings. We developed Fast-Seq, an end-to-end method for extraction, purification, sequencing, and data analysis of packaged single-stranded AAV (ssAAV) genomes intended for non-GMP preclinical environments. We validated Fast-Seq on ssAAV vectors with three different genome compositions (CAG-GFP, CAG-tdTomato, EF1α-FLuc), three different genome sizes (2.9, 3.6, 4.4 kb), packaged in four different capsid serotypes (AAV1, AAV2, AAV5, and AAV8), and produced using the two most common production methods (Baculovirus-<i>Sf9</i> and human HEK293), from both common commercial vendors and academic core facilities supplying academic laboratories. We achieved an average genome coverage of >1,400 × and an average inverted terminal repeat coverage of >280 × , despite the many differences in composition of each ssAAV sample. When compared with other ssAAV next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods for GMP settings, Fast-Seq has several unique advantages: Tn5 transposase-based fragmentation rather than sonication, 125 × less input DNA, simpler adapter ligation, compatibility with commonly available inexpensive sequencing instruments, and free open-source data analysis code in a preassembled customizable Docker container designed for novices. Fast-Seq can be completed in 18 h, is more cost-effective than other NGS methods, and is more accurate than Sanger sequencing, which is generally only applied at 1-2 × sequencing depth. Fast-Seq is a rapid, simple, and inexpensive methodology to validate packaged ssAAV genomes in academic settings.
Targeting differentially expressed histone deacetylases in Medulloblastoma – novel approach for treatment of high risk patients (2013)

Introduction: Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common malignant brain tumor in children. According to the current consensus MB comprises 4 different molecular subgroups with highly variable clinical courses. In particular patients with Group 3 tumors show poor overall survival despite multimodal treatment, and novel treatment strategies are urgently needed. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) expression levels are frequently dysregulated in MB. We here explore the potential of isoenzyme-selective HDAC inhibition as an innovative approach for treatment of MB.
Chiral Induction by Elimination‐Coupled Lithium–Ene Reaction: Synthesis of (+)‐(3 R ,4 R )‐1,2‐Dihydromultifidene (1999)

Cyclization of the alkadienyl carbamates 1 to the cis-divinylcyclopentanes 2 with high enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity has been successfully achieved by (-)-sparteine-induced asymmetric deprotonation. The conversion may be described as a hybrid of a lithium-ene reaction and an S<sub>n</sub> ' reaction.
SYNTHESIS OF C-LINKED SUGAR BUTENOLIDES AND THEIR CONVERSION INTO C-LINKED ISOXAZOLIDINE SACCHARIDES * (2002)

Synthesis of C-linked isoxazolidines was achieved by addition of nitrone to C-linked sugar butenolides, which in turn were prepared by iodolactonisation on the chiral template derived from diacetone glucose. *IICT Communication No. 4795.
CCDC 2116900: Experimental Crystal Structure Determination (2022)

An entry from the Cambridge Structural Database, the world’s repository for small molecule crystal structures. The entry contains experimental data from a crystal diffraction study. The deposited dataset for this entry is freely available from the CCDC and typically includes 3D coordinates, cell parameters, space group, experimental conditions and quality measures.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Benzopyrylium Salts. Part 38. A New Variant of the Cannizzaro Reaction. (1990)

Abstract Alkaline treatment of the keto aldehydes (II), prepared from the benzopyrylium salts (I), and subsequent recrystallization gives the dihydrocoumarins (IV).
Preparation of La- and Mg-Modified PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Ceramics and Their Pyroelectric Properties (1994)

The results of this study are summarized as follows:(1) Lanthanum- and magnesium-modified PbTiO3 (PLMT) ceramics were obtained by normal sintering using pure PbTiO3 as a packing powder for the crucible.(2) The tetragonality c/a of PLMT ceramics was nearly a constant value of 1.033 in the range of y=0-0.020. This result indicates that the added Mg2+ ions (0.066nm) partially substitute Ti4+ ions (0.068nm) at the B-site in PbTiO3.(3) The Curie point shifted to the lower-temperature side with increasing amount of Mg2+ ion addition.(4) The PLMT ceramics of y=0.005 exhibited the largest pyroelectric coefficient of 1.8×10-8C/cm2⋅K, which was nearly equal to that of PbTiO3-system ceramics. The PLMT ceramics are suitable as the element material of point-type pyroelectric IR detectors.
F6: High-speed transceivers: Standards, challenges, and future (2011)

Multi-Gbps transceivers have evolved from what were once exotic special-purpose cells to ubiquitous building blocks that are expected to function as the glue bet ween critical compute, communications, and storage elements. As such they are expected to function flawlessly, interoperate cleanly, and consume little power, area, and system design mindshare. As part of the 'commoditizing' of transceivers, the pressure to achieve multiple standards compliance from individual designs has increased dramatically no longer are ASIC or system designers content with a single PHY for a single standard. The consequential impact on the design space means link designers must often 'right size' a swiss-army-knife design including power and area optimization; you don't want too many or too few 'blades'. Sometimes conflicting standards requirements can make customization and optimization a real challenge in this space. Jared Zerbe of Rambus will review some of the fundamental transceiver challenges and techniques used to address them, including a discussion of the impact of multi-standard compliance on the transceiver design effort and ultimate performance. Following this, Thomas Toifl of IBM will discuss the design challenges and solutions to data rates above 20Gb/s. Main challenges are achieving the required bandwidth with full ESD protection, the DFE loop timing, and overall design complexity. Marcus van lerssel of Snowbush IP will discuss implementation challenges and the benefits of a multi-standard PHY supporting Ethernet/PCIe/SATA/USB. Takeshi Horiefrom Fujitsu will present Ethernet standards and the technologies required to realize 10GB serial backplane transfer for 10GB Ethernet. When it comes to buidling standards compliant PHYs, IP providers face challenges that arise from the need to proliferate the design across many process geome tries/foundries and also from the large variability in customer's expertise in package design and signal integrity analysis. Dan Weinlader of Synopsys will discuss how standards influence these challenges. The main focus of standards over the last few years has understandably been on addressing the bandwidth curve. The need to address the rising power struggle of SoCs is usually recognized, but limited to simple power targets. The final two presentations in this forum will focus on energy efficiency by Fulvio Spagna of Intel and on low-power solutions by Anthony Sanders of Lantiq.
Effect of Statins on Fasting Plasma Glucose in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients (2009)

Statin use is associated with a rise of FPG in patients with and without diabetes. This relationship between statin use and rise in FPG is independent of age and use of aspirin, beta-blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.
Extension of clutter loss calculation for recommendation ITU-R P.452 (2010)

With the aim of extending the method in recommendation ITU-R P.452, this paper derives a new clutter loss calculation method, which yields losses for given occurrence probabilities. We use the knife-edge model to derive a new relation between the clutter losses and occurrence probability, the only essential parameter is the average building height in the area being investigated. The proposed method also makes it possible to take frequency characteristics into account. Numerical examples are given and their results are compared to the clutter losses output by the current method in P.452.
Reducing solid particle erosion of an axial fan with sweep and lean using multidisciplinary design optimization (2014)

A multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO) system is established to reduce solid particle erosion of an axial induced draft fan with sweep and lean. The method improves the erosion resistance of the fan blade in the aerodynamic design stage through a change of blade sweep and lean. The multidisciplinary design optimization approach takes the place of the traditional time-consuming design method by automatic calculation of the flow field, stress distribution, dynamic frequencies, and erosion distribution for blade, controlled by an optimization strategy. A multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) algorithm combined with radial basis function approximation model is employed for finding a compromise between the conflicting demands of high efficiency and low average erosion rate with constraints on the pressure ratio and structural responses for the blade. The Navier–Stokes solver, finite element method (FEM) is used to predict the aerodynamic performance and mechanical performance of the blade, respectively. Particle paths in a viscous flow are calculated using the Lagrangian method and Tabakoff rebound model. And then Tabakoff erosion model is used to predict erosion of the blade surface. Several representative designs are selected along the Pareto front to verify using computer aided engineering tools. A compromise solution is used to analyze in detail. Compared with the reference design, the optimal design increases the η/ η 0 slightly by 0.53%, while decreases the ɛ avg / ɛ avg0 markedly by 13.7%. The result shows that the optimized blade favors a reduced total pressure due to its forward sweep. The decrease of the ɛ avg / ɛ avg0 is attributed to a reduced impact velocity and impact angle. The analysis of variance technique indicates that the blade lean has a direct impact on performances with respect to efficiency, erosion, and von Mises stress of the blade, and the blade sweep law near hub has an immeasurable influence on blade von Mises stress. As a conclusion, it can be drawn that the proposed approach may open a new opportunity for the design of axial fan to reduce erosion damage of blade taking other disciplines into consideration. Meanwhile, the multidisciplinary design optimization system can be extended to other turbomachinery and erosion-resistant design fields.
A comparison of the Hall-effect and secondary ion mass spectroscopy on the shallow oxygen donor in unintentionally doped GaN films (2000)

We report on temperature-dependent Hall-effect measurements and secondary ion mass spectroscopy on unintentionally doped, n-type conducting GaN epitaxial films. Over a wide range of free carrier concentrations we find a good correlation between the Hall measurements and the atomic oxygen concentration. We observe an increase of the oxygen concentration close to the interface between the film and the sapphire substrate, which is typical for the growth technique used (synthesis from galliumtrichloride and ammonia). It produces a degenerate n-type layer of ≈1.5 μm thickness and results in a temperature-independent mobility and Hall concentration at low temperatures (&amp;lt;50 K). The gradient in free carrier concentration can also be seen in spatially resolved Raman and cathodoluminescence experiments. Based on the temperature dependence of the Hall-effect, Fourier transform infrared absorption experiments, and photoluminescence we come to the conclusion that oxygen produces a shallow donor level with a binding energy comparable to the shallow Si donor.
Paradise and Direct Broadcast Satellite: A Solution to Battlefield Data Dissemination for the 21st Century (2001)

Abstract : This paper describes results from research under the Battlefield Aware Data Distribution (BADD) project. The goal of this research is to find new approaches to intelligent data distribution from distributed servers to roaming clients whose needs evolve with time. The primary focus of this report is on the part of the problem associated with the development of satellite-based information dissemination network infrastructure and smart push and filtering techniques. Research focused on possible ways to merge queries based on more abstract ideas, such as through generalization in a concept hierarchy. A number of issues in client cache management were also explored.