gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Optimization of antibody binding to FcγRIIa enhances macrophage phagocytosis of tumor cells (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;The contribution of Fc-mediated effector functions to the therapeutic efficacy of some monoclonal antibodies has motivated efforts to enhance interactions with Fcγ receptors (FcγR). Although an early goal has been enhanced FcγRIIIa binding and natural killer (NK) cell antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), other relevant cell types such as macrophages are dependent on additional activating receptors such as FcγRIIa. Here, we describe a set of engineered Fc variants with diverse FcγR affinities, including a novel substitution G236A that provides selectively enhanced binding to FcγRIIa relative to FcγRIIb. Variants containing this substitution have up to 70-fold greater FcγRIIa affinity and 15-fold improvement in FcγRIIa/FcγRIIb ratio and mediate enhanced phagocytosis of antibody-coated target cells by macrophages. Specific double and triple combination variants with this substitution are simultaneously capable of exhibiting high NK-mediated ADCC and high macrophage phagocytosis. In addition, we have used this unique set of variants to quantitatively probe the relative contributions of individual FcγR to effector functions mediated by NK cells and macrophages. These experiments show that FcγRIIa plays the most influential role for macrophages and, surprisingly, that the inhibitory receptor FcγRIIb has little effect on effector function. The enhancements in phagocytosis described here provide the potential to improve the performance of therapeutic antibodies targeting cancers. [Mol Cancer Ther 2008;7(8):2517–27]&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Size- and Time-Dependent Particle Removal Efficiency of Face Masks and Improvised Respiratory Protection Equipment Used during the COVID-19 Pandemic (2021)

Size- and time-dependent particle removal efficiency (PRE) of different protective respiratory masks were determined using a standard aerosol powder with the size of particles in the range of an uncoated SARS-CoV-2 virus and small respiratory droplets. Number concentration of particles was measured by a scanning mobility particle sizer. Respiratory protective half-masks, surgical masks, and cotton washable masks were tested. The results show high filtration efficiency of FFP2, FFP3, and certified surgical masks for all sizes of tested particles, while protection efficiency of washable masks depends on their constituent fabrics. Measurements showed decreasing PRE of all masks over time due to transmission of nanoparticles through the mask-face interface. On the other hand, the PRE of the fabric is governed by deposition of the aerosols, consequently increasing the PRE.
Analysis of Genetic Variability and Whole Genome Linkage of Whole-Brain, Subcortical, and Ependymal Hyperintense White Matter Volume (2009)

We replicated previous findings of high heritability for the whole-brain HWM volume. We also showed that subcortical and ependymal volume shared a significant portion of genetic variability and the bivarate linkage analysis produced a suggestive linkage near the locus previously identified in a study of whole-brain HWM volume and arterial pulse pressure.
deFOG &#x2014; A real time system for detection and unfreezing of gait of Parkinson&#x2019;s patients (2009)

Freezing of gait (FOG) is a common complication in movement disorders, typically associated with the advanced stages of Parkinson's disease. Auditory cues might be used to facilitate unfreezing of gait and prevent fall related injuries. We present a wearable, unobtrusive system for real-time gait monitoring, which consists of an inertial wearable sensor and wireless headset for the delivery of acoustic cues. The system recognizes FOG episodes with minimum latency and delivers acoustic cues to unfreeze the gait. We present design of a system for the detection and unfreezing of gait (deFOG), and preliminary results of the feasibility study. In a limited test run of 4 test cases the system was able to detect freezing of gait with average latency of 332 ms, and maximum latency of 580 ms.
Specular Reflector Noise: Effect and Correction for in Vivo Attenuation Estimation (1985)

After reviewing the usual models proposed for the echographic response of soft tissues, we discuss the interaction between the ultrasonic wave and large size obstacles. Structures of this size, specular reflectors, can be found in tissues. The influence of such reflectors on in vivo attenuation measurements is detailed. We point out the importance of the specular echo noise originating from two kinds of reflectors: plane-like and vessel-like reflectors. We present a complete study of their influence on two different algorithms for attenuation estimates: the spectral centroid shift and the narrow band methods. Results are presented on stimulated data, a tissue-mimicking phantom and in vivo muscle data. Different procedures for minimizing the specular echo noise are also discussed.
Extracellular vesicles from endometriosis patients are characterized by a unique miRNA-lncRNA signature (2019)

With multifactorial etiologies, combined with disease heterogeneity and a lack of suitable diagnostic markers and therapy, endometriosis remains a major reproductive health challenge. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as major contributors of disease progression in several conditions, including a variety of cancers; however, their role in endometriosis pathophysiology has remained elusive. Using next-generation sequencing of EVs obtained from endometriosis patient tissues and plasma samples compared with controls, we have documented that patient EVs carry unique signatures of miRNAs and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) reflecting their contribution to disease pathophysiology. Mass spectrophotometry-based proteomic analysis of EVs from patient plasma and peritoneal fluid further revealed enrichment of specific pathways, as well as altered immune and metabolic processes. Functional studies in endometriotic epithelial and endothelial cell lines using EVs from patient plasma and controls clearly indicate autocrine uptake and paracrine cell proliferative roles, suggestive of their involvement in endometriosis. Multiplex cytokine analysis of cell supernatants in response to patient and control plasma-derived EVs indicate robust signatures of important inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines known to be involved in disease progression. Collectively, these findings suggest that endometriosis-associated EVs carry unique cargo and contribute to disease pathophysiology by influencing inflammation, angiogenesis, and proliferation within the endometriotic lesion microenvironment.
Harmonic and power balance tools for tapping-mode atomic force microscope (2001)

The atomic force microscope (AFM) is a powerful tool for investigating surfaces at atomic scales. Harmonic balance and power balance techniques are introduced to analyze the tapping-mode dynamics of the atomic force microscope. The harmonic balance perspective explains observations hitherto unexplained in the AFM literature. A nonconservative model for the cantilever–sample interaction is developed. The energy dissipation in the sample is studied and the resulting power balance equations combined with the harmonic balance equations are used to estimate the model parameters. Experimental results confirm that the harmonic and power balance tools can be used effectively to predict the behavior of the tapping cantilever.
Fitness Costs of Cry1Ab Resistance in a Field-Derived Strain of <I>Ostrinia nubilalis</I> (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (2010)

The study of fitness costs associated with resistance to toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner (Bt) in Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is important for understanding resistance evolution and for evaluating resistance management practices that prevent or mitigate resistance to transgenic corn, Zea mays L. Resistant individuals identified from a field collection in Kandiyohi, MN, were used to generate a Cry1Ab-resistant strain. We used susceptible and resistant strains with similar genetic background to establish crosses and estimate dominance of fitness costs by measuring fitness components and population parameters determined by fertility life tables. Spermatophore volume and mating frequency also were compared to identify potential effects of resistance on fertility. Inheritance of fitness costs in O. nubilalis varied from recessive to incompletely recessive among the parameters evaluated. Selection for resistance to Cry1Ab significantly reduced the fitness of O. nubilalis. Resistant insects exhibited reduced pupal weight and increased developmental time compared with susceptible and F1 larvae derived from reciprocal crosses of resistant and susceptible parents. In addition, it was observed that resistant insects exhibited a higher proportion of unsuccessful matings and lower fertility than the susceptible strain. Despite the differences observed in resistant insects, our results did not indicate strong evidence of fitness costs in the F1 progeny.
Intraspecies Regulation of Ribonucleolytic Activity (2007)

The evolutionary rate of proteins involved in obligate protein-protein interactions is slower and the degree of coevolution higher than that for nonobligate protein-protein interactions. The coevolution of the proteins involved in certain nonobligate interactions is, however, essential to cell survival. To gain insight into the coevolution of one such nonobligate protein pair, the cytosolic ribonuclease inhibitor (RI) proteins and secretory pancreatic-type ribonucleases from cow (Bos taurus) and human (Homo sapiens) were produced in Escherichia coli and purified, and their physicochemical properties were analyzed. The two intraspecies complexes were found to be extremely tight (bovine Kd = 0.69 fM; human Kd = 0.34 fM). Human RI binds to its cognate ribonuclease (RNase 1) with 100-fold greater affinity than to the bovine homologue (RNase A). In contrast, bovine RI binds to RNase 1 and RNase A with nearly equal affinity. This broader specificity is consistent with there being more pancreatic-type ribonucleases in cows (20) than humans (13). Human RI (32 cysteine residues) also has 4-fold less resistance to oxidation by hydrogen peroxide than does bovine RI (29 cysteine residues). This decreased oxidative stability of human RI, which is caused largely by Cys74, implies a larger role for human RI as an antioxidant. The conformational and oxidative stabilities of both RIs increase upon complex formation with ribonucleases. Thus, RI has evolved to maintain its inhibition of invading ribonucleases, even when confronted with extreme environmental stress. That role appears to take precedence over its role in mediating oxidative damage.
Development and Scale-Up of an Optimized Route to the Pyridazin-3-one Histamine H3 Receptor Antagonist CEP-32215 (2013)

The evolution of the process to prepare CEP-32215, 3-(1′-cyclobutylspiro[4H-1,3-benzodioxine-2,4′-piperidine]-6-yl)-5,5-dimethyl-1,4-dihydropyridazine-6-one, is presented. Two routes detailing preparation of supplies for biological screening are discussed along with the optimized fit-for-purpose process used to prepare several hundred grams for preclinical testing. Details on the development of the formation of the key spiroketal moiety are presented along with the discovery of a novel Suzuki coupling approach for synthesis of the backbone of the molecule.
Performance of variable time-fraction collaborative communication (2008)

The diversity advantage of MIMO systems has recently been exploited in collaborative schemes. This allows the nodes without access to multiple transmitting antenna elements to transmit information more efficiently. In a previous work, the authors proposed the collaborative scheme using a variable time fraction. In this paper, this scheme is further studied and an upper bound on the performance of the variable time fraction collaborative protocol is provided. In order to obtain the performance, a new pairwise error probability (PEP) taking into account the location of the transmitting nodes is derived. A new method to analyze layered codes in general is also obtained. The derived upper bound is further used to show the advantages of using a variable time fraction.
The Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling Extensible Authentication Protocol Method (EAP-FAST) (2007)

This document defines the Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) based Flexible Authentication via Secure Tunneling (EAP-FAST) protocol.EAP-FAST is an EAP method that enables secure communication between a peer and a server by using the Transport Layer Security (TLS) to establish a mutually authenticated tunnel.Within the tunnel, Type-Length-Value (TLV) objects are used to convey authentication related data between the peer and the EAP server.
Single-chip velocity measurement system for incremental optical encoders (1997)

A single-chip system is designed, implemented, tested, and analyzed for the measurement of velocity from incremental optical encoders with quadrature outputs. The system uses a field programmable gate array (FPGA) chip to take advantage of high flexibility and a low-cost design cycle. The device uses two counting methods: period counting for low velocities and frequency counting for high velocities to obtain high resolution measurements for a wide range of velocities with a fixed 16-b word length. Verification testing of the device was consistent with predicted error and showed that quantization errors can be made arbitrarily small by adjusting the tradeoff between velocity range and minimum resolution. This tradeoff can be adjusted by the designer by simple modifications to the basic design.
Control system design for HVDC systems using optimization-enabled electromagnetic transient simulation (2006)

The paper describes a new tool for the design of robust control systems for HVDC and FACTS controllers that combines electromagnetic transient simulation with a nonlinear optimization algorithm. The design objectives are formulated into an optimization objective function, whose minimization yields an optimized parameter set. The paper applies the method to the controller design for a 200 MW back-to-back HVDC system connected to a weak AC network. Parameters are selected to ensure acceptable transient response over the full range of operation for network configurations with widely varying short circuit ratios.
Overcoming barriers to green chemistry in the pharmaceutical industry – the Green Aspiration Level™ concept (2014)

We introduce the Green Aspiration Level™ (GAL) metric to quantify environmental impact and relative “greenness” of the production process for any pharmaceutical agent, while taking into account the complexity of its synthesis. Broad adoption of the GAL could drive significant progress in green chemistry within the pharmaceutical industry.
Hybrid Laser-GMA Welding for Improved Affordability (2008)

Maturing high-power solid-state laser technology is fueling an interest in hybrid laser gas metal arc (laser-GMA) welding for shipyard fabrication activities. Hybrid laser-GMA welding has demonstrated an ability to both reduce the distortion of thin steel butt welds and increase the production rate of pipe welds relative to conventional joining techniques, both leading to improved affordability. The paper discusses the potential benefits of hybrid laser-GMA welding, results of experiments to address both distortion and production rate, and provides an overview of a hybrid pipe welding system recently installed in a shipyard.
Vocabulary of Australian Aborigines in the Neighbourhood of Cooktown, North Queensland (1898)

Richard Phillips, Vocabulary of Australian Aborigines in the Neighbourhood of Cooktown, North Queensland, The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol. 27 (1898), pp. 144-147
Interferometric correlogram-space analysis (2009)

Seismic interferometry is a method of obtaining a virtual shot gather from a collection of actual shot gathers. The set of traces corresponding to multiple actual shots recorded at two receivers is used to synthesize a virtual shot located at one of the receivers and a virtual receiver at the other. An estimate of a Green’s function between these two receivers is obtained by first cross-correlating pairs of traces from each of the common shots and then stacking the resulting cross-correlograms. In this paper, we study the structure of cross-correlograms obtained from a VSP acquisition geometry using a surface source reflected by flat or dipping layers and/or diffracted by point inclusions. The model is purely acoustic. The shape of events in the cross-correlogram space can be used to infer the location and geometry of a subsurface structure. A pilot wavelet created by a curvilinear stacking process is used as a detector of predicted events in the cross-correlogram. Results of a semblance-based velocity scan of the cross-correlograms using curvilinear stacks can be used to improve the quality of the virtual gather.
Selective Whole Blood Lipoprotein Apheresis to Prevent Pancreatitis in Drug Refractory Hypertriglyceridemia (2015)

Triglyceride levels were lowered after initiating selective lipoprotein apheresis. More importantly, the patient did not experience any relapses of pancreatitis after the treatment was started. Hence this treatment is feasible in drug refractory hypertiglyceridemia, but the treatment concept needs to be tested in additional studies.
Performance analysis of full-duplex AF relaying with transceiver hardware impairments (2016)

We propose a joint widely-linear I/Q imbalance compensation and self-interference (SI) cancellation scheme for amplify-and-forward (AF) full-duplex (FD) relay transceivers. Furthermore, we study the bit-error rate (BER) performance of a complete two-hop link considering hardware imperfections in transceiver electronics. Especially, if the relay gain increases, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the destination becomes higher but this also increases the SI level due to the FD operation and, as a consequence, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the relay input decreases. To settle this trade-off, we find numerically the optimal input back-off (IBO) for the relay power amplifier (PA) maximizing the BER at the destination. The numerical results show that the optimal IBO depends on the target BER level and the PA nonlinearity. They also show that the distortion from the PA dominates the other hardware impairments at high SNR. Finally, we show that the proposed cancellation scheme can completely eliminate the I/Q imbalance, even with mixers that have low image rejection ratio.
Biofilm Formation by Cryptococcus neoformans (2015)

The fungus Cryptococcus neoformans possesses a polysaccharide capsule and can form biofilms on medical devices. The increasing use of ventriculoperitoneal shunts to manage intracranial hypertension associated with cryptococcal meningoencephalitis highlights the importance of investigating the biofilm-forming properties of this organism. Like other microbe-forming biofilms, C. neoformans biofilms are resistant to antimicrobial agents and host defense mechanisms, causing significant morbidity and mortality. This chapter discusses the recent advances in the understanding of cryptococcal biofilms, including the role of its polysaccharide capsule in adherence, gene expression, and quorum sensing in biofilm formation. We describe novel strategies for the prevention or eradication of cryptococcal colonization of medical prosthetic devices. Finally, we provide fresh thoughts on the diverse but interesting directions of research in this field that may result in new insights into C. neoformans biology.
Shielding of Leakage Flux Induced Losses in High Power, Medium Frequency Transformers (2019)

Metal Amorphous Nanocrystalline core materials have shown great promise as the magnetic material for the isolation transformer used in high power, high frequency power converters. However, many current designs require special winding configurations that result in high parasitic capacitance. Similarly, when these designs are used in active bridge circuits where a certain minimum series inductance is required, auxiliary inductors are required. These dramatically reduce the power density and can have impacts on the efficiency. Designs that integrate the series inductance through inherently geometric approaches have resulted in catastrophic increases in losses that are not predicted by typical core magnetizing loss models and have not been viable as a result. This paper demonstrates a method of using a mix of materials to manage and direct the leakage flux through paths that are more efficient. Similarly, this approach enables deliberate tuning and design of the series inductance. This introduces a method to independently design the series inductance with the magnetizing inductance of the transformer. This will prove to enable high efficiency transformer designs with very high power density, empowering wide bandgap semiconductor-based converters to reach their full potential.
Cross-coupling in flow (2011)

Until recently, cross-coupling reactions have been exclusively performed in batch processes. With the advent of microfluidics, significant effort has been devoted to develop a wide variety of continuous-flow techniques to facilitate organic synthesis. In this critical review, we attempt to give an overview of the different continuous-flow methodologies that have been developed and utilized for cross-coupling reactions. In addition, we attempt to point out the advantages of continuous-flow when compared with their batch counterparts (246 references).
Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in a colony of macaque monkeys. (1983)

A naturally occurring immunodeficiency syndrome has been seen in a captive colony of macaque monkeys. This syndrome is seen primarily in the species Macaca cyclopis. Affected animals died with lymphomas (a rare disease in macaques) or such opportunistic infections as Pneumocystis carinii and noma (necrotizing gingivitis). These M. cyclopis exhibited anemia, neutropenia, and a circulating bizarre immature monocyte. In addition, liver function tests suggested hepatitis. Pokeweed mitogen-, concanavalin A-, and xenogeneic cell-stimulated proliferative responses by lymphocytes of animals with the syndrome were dramatically diminished. The T4 (helper, inducer)/T8 (suppressor, cytotoxic) ratio in the peripheral blood mononuclear T-cell populations of M. cyclopis in this colony are decreased when compared with those from either Macaca mulatta in the same colony or normal humans. Epidemiologic evidence implicates a common source agent in this syndrome. The similarity of this syndrome in macaques to human acquired immunodeficiency syndrome suggests that it may provide an important model for studying the human syndrome.
Early fire sensing using near-IR diode laser spectroscopy (2002)

We describe research leading to a trace gas detection system based on optical absorption using near-IR diode lasers that is intended to provide early warning of incipient fires. Applications include "high loss" structures such as office buildings, hospitals, hotels and shopping malls as well as airplanes and manned spacecraft where convention smoke detectors generate unacceptably high false alarm rates. Simultaneous or near-simultaneous detection of several gases (typically carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, acetylene and hydrogen cyanide) provides high sensitivity while reducing the chance of false alarms. Continuous measurement of carbon dioxide concentrations also provides an internal check of instrument performance because ambient levels will not drop below ~350 ppm.