gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Methylmercury in marine fish from Malaysian waters and its relationship to total mercury content (2010)

The study evaluated methylmercury concentrations, the methylmercury to total mercury ratio (%MeHg) and their correlations in ten fish species from different trophic levels. Methylmercury levels in fish studied were in the range of 0.007 to 0.914 µg g−1 wet wt. Muscle tissue of predatory fish contained significantly (p < 0.05) higher content of methylmercury than non-predatory fish. The methylmercury to total mercury ratio ranged from 49.1% to 87.5%, with the highest ratio in predatory fish. This ratio was always higher in muscle tissue compared to the liver tissues, indicating tissue-specific binding and accumulation of methylmercury in the muscle. All the fish species showed strong positive correlation between methylmercury and total mercury levels (R 2> 0.86). Except for long tail tuna and short-bodied mackerel, all fish species showed lower methylmercury levels and estimated weekly intake as compared to the maximum values established by US FDA (of 0.5 µg g−1) and by FAO/WHO (1.5 µg kg−1 bodyweight), respectively. This study showed that the percentage of methylmercury is rather high in fish and fish represents the major source of this toxic mercury form to the local population.
Base catalytic activity of alkaline earth MOFs: a (micro)spectroscopic study of active site formation by the controlled transformation of structural anions (2014)

The selective decomposition of structural nitrate anions in alkaline earth MOFs generates highly dispersed base sites with catalytic applications.
Automating Quality Assessment of Medical Evidence in Systematic Reviews: Model Development and Validation Study (2023)

Different factors affect the quality of evidence in the context of systematic reviews of medical evidence. Some of these (risk of bias and imprecision) can be automated with reasonable accuracy. Other quality dimensions such as indirectness, inconsistency, and publication bias prove more challenging for machine learning, largely because they are much rarer. This technology could substantially reduce reviewer workload in the future and expedite quality assessment as part of evidence synthesis.
Assist effect in hip joint flexion direction with wire-assist suit on the treadmill walking (2019)

In recent years, various devices supporting the movements of elderly people and workers have been taken a dramatic leap forward. Traditional powered exoskeleton suit as one of them is a wearable machine that can be challenging to perfectly align with a wearer’s biological joints and can have large inertias. On the other hand, wire type Assist suit is constructed with wire attached in parallel with the muscles, enabling wearers to move the lower limb joints freely. Wire type is less restrictive than powered exoskeleton and it is possible to support walking in correspondence with human's flexible movements. Conventionally, it is widely used as a method of evaluating the assistance effect of the wire type on human that comparison of energy metabolism amount measured by exhalation gas measurement. This evaluation method, however, can evaluate changes in the metabolism of whole exercise, it is not possible to evaluate the degree of assistance the assist suit performs for user’s each lower limb joint. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the assist suit loading assist torque to flexion direction on hip joint by analyzing gait dynamics. We calculated hip joint angle, moment, power duration assist walking as kinetic and kinematic parameters with use of human body model simulation taken account of assist torque generated by the wire. The result showed that max hip flexion angle, step length, total hip joint torque and hip consumption energy decreased.
Bilateral teleoperation with time delay using modified wave variable based controller (2009)

Force-reflecting teleoperators in which the remote environment is kinesthetically coupled to the operator can considerably increase task performance. Wave-variable-based controllers can support the stable operation of force-reflecting teleoperators under arbitrary communication delays. Transparency in such systems is compromised in order to maintain stability. We had previously proposed a modified wave variable controller that implemented additional wave impedance in the wave variable transformations in order to focus more closely on force tracking. In this paper, we present a new controller for bilateral teleoperators based on the modified wave variable control method which provides superior position and force tracking performance compared to the traditional wave-variable-based method. Moreover, the method has high stability. Theoretical investigation and experimental results confirm the performance of this new controller.
Regulation of Sox6 by Cyclin Dependent Kinase 5 in Brain (2014)

Cyclin dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) is a proline-directed Ser/Thr kinase involved in various biological functions during normal brain development and neurodegeneration. In brain, Cdk5 activity is specific to post-mitotic neurons, due to neuronal specific expression of its activator p35. The biological functions of Cdk5 have been ascribed to its cytoplasmic substrates, however not much is known in nucleus. Here, we show that nuclear transcription factor Sox6 is a direct nuclear target of Cdk5. Sox6 is expressed in Tuj1 positive neurons, suggesting that Sox6 is expressed in differentiating neurons. The expression of Sox6 is high in mitotic nuclei during embryonic day 12 (E12) and gradually decreases during development into adult. On the other hand, Cdk5 expression gradually increases during its development. We show that Sox6 is expressed in mitotic nuclei in embryonic day 12 (E12) and in migrating neurons of E16. Sox6 is phosphorylated in vivo. Sox6 was detected by phospho-Ser/Thr and phospho-Ser/Thr-Pro and MPM-2 (Mitotic protein #2) antibodies in brain. Furthermore, calf intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP) digestion resulted in faster migration of Sox6 band. The GST-Sox6 was phosphorylated by Cdk5/p35. The mass spectrometry analysis revealed that Sox6 is phosphorylated at T119PER motif. We show that Sox6 steady state levels are regulated by Cdk5. Cdk5 knockout mice die in utero and Sox6 protein expression is remarkably high in Cdk5-/- brain, however, there is no change in mRNA expression, suggesting a post-translational regulation of Sox6 by Cdk5. Transfection of primary cortical neurons with WT Cdk5 reduced Sox6 levels, while dominant negative (DN) Cdk5 and p35 increased Sox6 levels. Thus, our results indicate that Cdk5 regulates Sox6 steady state protein level that has an important role in brain development and function.
Identifying the Relative Importance of Customer Issues on Product Ratings through Machine Learning (2018)

Millions of customer reviews for products are available online across hundreds of different websites. These reviews have a tremendous influence on the purchase decision of new customers and in creating a positive brand image. Understanding which of the product issues are critical in determining the product ratings is crucial for marketing teams. We have developed a solution which can derive deep insights from customer reviews which goes significantly beyond keyword based analysis. Our solution can identify key customer issues voiced in the reviews and the impact of each of these on the final rating that a customer gives the product. This insight is very actionable as it helps identify which customer concerns are responsible for bad ratings of products.
Legend of Supplementary Figures from The MD Anderson Prostate Cancer Patient-derived Xenograft Series (MDA PCa PDX) Captures the Molecular Landscape of Prostate Cancer and Facilitates Marker-driven Therapy Development (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Legend of Supplementary Figures&lt;/p&gt;
No Evidence for Mutations in a Putative β-Cell ATP-Sensitive K+ Channel Subunit in MODY, NIDDM, or GDM (1995)

The beta-cell ATP-sensitive K+ (K-ATP) channel has a major role in glucose-induced insulin secretion. Screening the entire coding sequence of the gene for a putative beta-cell K-ATP channel subunit, K-ATP2, with single-strand conformation polymorphism did not show any mutations associated with diabetes in white Caucasian diabetic patients, including five pedigrees with maturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY), 25 patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) selected for marked beta-cell deficiency, 25 selected for mild diabetes presenting before age 50 years with fasting plasma glucose levels < 10 mmol/l, 25 unselected NIDDM patients, and 25 subjects with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and subsequent raised fasting plasma glucose. In five large MODY pedigrees, linkage analysis with simple tandem-repeat polymorphisms (STRPs) near the K-ATP2 gene excluded linkage. In a population association study, no linkage disequilibrium for the STRP was found between 237 unselected white Caucasian NIDDM patients and 104 geographically matched and age-matched white Caucasian nondiabetic subjects. In addition, two silent polymorphisms were found with similar frequency in nondiabetic and diabetic subjects. Mutations in the gene for K-ATP2 are unlikely to be a major cause of MODY, NIDDM, or GDM.
Microneedle array and insertion guide array for safe use of biomedical applications (2004)

A new method of using silicon microneedle array in Bio-Medical applications is introduced in this work. The hollow microneedle array with the facilitation of an insertion guide array have been designed and fabricated. The needles can be pushed down through the second layer of human skin with less-bending. The tip of microneedle will be led by the insertion guide to pierce the skin perpendicularly. The silicon bulk micromachining technique using an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etcher has been employed to fabricate the microneedle array and the insertion guide array. The array chips are 5x5 mm<sup>2</sup> for both structures. The needle array chip contains 100 microneedles with 100&mu;m and 30 &mu;m of the outer diameter and the hole diameter respectively. The guide array chip is 100 &mu;m-thick and contains 100 guiding holes with 120 &mu;m diameter. A buckling test of microneedle shows the result that there was no microneedle broken during the test via the guiding holes. Contrary, there were several microneedles broken during the penetration without the facilitation of the guide. The finite-element analysis also supports the test result. After the insertion with guiding has been tested and proved, a wet etching process was added in order to obtain sharper tips.
Time-reversal focusing through the skull : application to High Intensity Focused Ultrasound brain therapy. (2008)

Bursts of focused ultrasound energy a billion times more intense than diagnostic ultrasound have become available commercially recently for clinical ablation of various biological soft tissues from prostate cancer to uterine fibroids. However, although that the use of High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) for brain therapeutic applications was already envisioned in the early 5O’s, the targeting of brain with High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) remains today a technological challenge. Due to the large discrepancy between the speed of sound in the bone and in the soft tissues associated with a high absorption of the bone. the ultrasonic wavefront is strongly distorted by the skull bone. resulting in a destruction of the focus. During the last decade, novel adaptive focusing techniques have been developed in order to correct the skull aberrations. The potential of time reversal focusing associated with the development of high power multi-element therapeutic transducers allow now the accurate focusing of high power ultrasound in the brain. Minimally invasive clinical tests on sheep will be presented as well as fully non-invasive tests on monkeys.
The mechanisms of electronic excitation of rare earth impurities in semiconductors (1993)

Impact and Auger excitation of threefold ionized rare earth ions by carriers are calculated for silicon and III-V semiconductors. The interaction between strongly localized f-electrons and local vibrations, which makes it possible to achieve energy balance in Auger processes, has been taken into account. It is shown that the probability of Auger excitation increases if there are additional localized electron states in the forbidden gap, which correspond to defects containing rare earth ions.
Functional enhancement and protection of dopaminergic terminals by RAB3B overexpression (2009)

In Parkinson's disease (PD), dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra (SN, A9) are particularly vulnerable, compared to adjacent DA neurons within the ventral tegmental area (VTA, A10). Here, we show that in rat and human, one RAB3 isoform, RAB3B, has higher expression levels in A10 compared to A9 neurons. RAB3 is a monomeric GTPase protein that is highly enriched in synaptic vesicles and is involved in synaptic vesicle trafficking and synaptic transmission, disturbances of which have been implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. These findings prompted us to further investigate the biology and neuroprotective capacity of RAB3B both in vitro and in vivo. RAB3B overexpression in human dopaminergic BE (2)-M17 cells increased neurotransmitter content, [(3)H] dopamine uptake, and levels of presynaptic proteins. AAV-mediated RAB3B overexpression in A9 DA neurons of the rat SN increased striatal dopamine content, number and size of synaptic vesicles, and levels of the presynaptic proteins, confirming in vitro findings. Measurement of extracellular DOPAC, a dopamine metabolite, following l-DOPA injection supported a role for RAB3B in enhancing the dopamine storage capacity of synaptic terminals. RAB3B overexpression in BE (2)-M17 cells was protective against toxins that simulate aspects of PD in vitro, including an oxidative stressor 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) and a proteasome inhibitor MG-132. Furthermore, RAB3B overexpression in rat SN both protected A9 DA neurons and resulted in behavioral improvement in a 6-OHDA retrograde lesion model of PD. These results suggest that RAB3B improves dopamine handling and storage capacity at presynaptic terminals, and confers protection to vulnerable DA neurons.
Low-Power Operation and Plasma Characterization of a Qualification Model SPT-140 Hall Thruster (2015)

Hall thruster systems based on commercial product lines can potentially lead to lowercost electric propulsion (EP) systems for deep space science missions. A 4.5-kW SPT-140 Hall thruster presently under qualification testing by SSL leverages the substantial heritage of the SPT-100 being flown on Russian and US commercial satellites. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is exploring the use of commercial EP systems, including the SPT-140, for deepspace science missions, and initiated a program to evaluate the SPT-140 in the areas of lowpower operation and thruster operating life. A qualification model SPT-140 designated QM002 was evaluated for operation and plasma properties along channel centerline, from 4.5 kW to 0.8 kW. Additional testing was performed on a development model SPT-140 designated DM4 to evaluate operation with a Moog proportional flow control valve (PFCV). The PFCV was commanded by an SSL engineering model PPU-140 Power Processing Unit (PPU). Performance measurements on QM002 at 0.8 kW discharge power were 50 mN of thrust at a total specific impulse of 1250 s, a total thruster efficiency of 0.38, and discharge current oscillations of under 3% of the mean current. Steady-state operation at 0.8 kW was demonstrated during a 27 h firing. The SPT-140 DM4 was operated in closed-loop control of the discharge current with the PFCV and PPU over discharge power levels of 0.8-4.5 kW. QM002 and DM4 test data indicate that the SPT-140 design is a viable candidate for NASA missions requiring power throttling down to low thruster input power.
Maximizing speed performance of multi-level combinational circuits implemented with pass transistors (2002)

Speed optimization techniques are presented in this paper to reduce the propagation delay through multi-level combinational circuits. The circuits are built with a set of CMOS logic gates designed upon pass transistors and transmission gates. The speed optimization techniques include determining the order of connecting the input pins of the gates, determining the minimum number of inverters to reduce the propagation delay and determining the inverter insertion points within the circuit. Circuits designed with the new set of logic gates and optimized with the aforementioned techniques performed up to four times faster than the same circuits designed with two-input static NAND/NOR gates.
Planar-lens Enabled Beam Steering for Chip-scale LIDAR (2018)

A lens-enabled chip-scale beam steering device for LIDAR is theoretically analyzed and experimentally demonstrated with azimuthal, ϕrange = 38.8°, and polar, θrange = 12.0°, beam-steering. The device allows for beam-steering at low power and low cost.
GPR40 (FFAR1) – Combined Gs and Gq signaling in vitro is associated with robust incretin secretagogue action ex vivo and in vivo (2014)

It is concluded that stimulation of GPR40 by endogenous LCFAs or by Gq-only synthetic agonists result in a rather limited incretin response, whereas Gq + Gs GPR40 agonists stimulate incretin secretion robustly.
Phenomenology-based waveform design using Cramer-Rao theory (2004)

The Cramer Rao Bound (CRB) establishes a lower bound on the error variance of an unbiased parameter estimate [5]. We have derived CRBs for target parameter estimates using synthetic aperture radar (SAR), and allow for spatial waveform diversity. The first application is to target reflectivity with the assumption that all scatterer positions are known. Using a standard scattering model we are able to verify theoretical results with numerical experiments. The development is then applied to target height, assuming the height and ground range are jointly estimated for all scatterers simultaneously. Here we show that height can in fact be estimated with vertical excursion in the aperture.
Evaluating a surveillance system: live-bird market surveillance for highly pathogenic avian influenza, a case study. (2014)

The system is useful, flexible, complex and not timely, but appears to be meeting its objectives. The isolation of HPAI H5N1 virus in some of these markets is an indication that the markets are possible reservoirs of the virus in Nigeria. We recommend that the Federal Government of Nigeria should dedicate more funds for surveillance for HPAI as this will aid early warning and reduce the risk of a pandemic.
Foundations for Intrusion Prevention (2004)

We propose an infrastructure that helps a system administrator to identify a newly published vulnerability on the site hosts and to evaluate the vulnerability’s threat with respect to the administrator’s security priorities. The infrastructure foundation is the vulnerability semantics, a small set of attributes for vulnerability definition. We demonstrate that with a few attributes it is possible to define the majority of the known vulnerabilities in a way that (i) facilitates their accurate identification, and (ii) enables the administrator to rank the vulnerabilities found according to the organization’s security priorities. A large scale experiment demonstrates that our infrastructure can find significant vulnerabilities even in a site with a high security awareness.
Inorganic Sol—Gel Glasses as Matrices for Nonlinear Optical Materials (1991)

Sol-gel synthesis of inorganic glasses offers a low temperature route to the microencapsulation of organic and organometallic molecules in inorganic matrices. The encapsulated molecules can be used to induce new optical properties in the material or to probe the changes at the molecular level which occur during the polymerization, aging and drying of the glass. Two different aspects of non-linear optical properties induced in the glass are discussed here. First, laser dyes including rhodamines and coumarins are encapsulated. The resulting doped gel-glasses exhibit optical gain and laser action. The non-linear response to the pulse energy of the pump laser as well as other optical characteristics of these new solid-state lasers will be discussed. Second, encapsulation of 2-ethylpolyaniline has been achieved. Degenerate four-wave mixing studies have been carried out, but the observed signal cannot be unambiguously attributed to χ(3) effects.
Innovative PCM+OTS device with high sub-threshold non-linearity for non-switching reading operations and higher endurance performance (2017)

In this paper we present the engineering of a non-volatile 1S1R memory based on a Phase-Change Memory cell (PCM), consisting in a GeN/Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> layer, stacked with a GeSe-based Ovonic Threshold Switching selector device (OTS). We optimize and analyze separately the two devices, and we propose for the first time an innovative reading strategy of the cross point device, enabled by the improved sub-threshold non-linearity of the OTS selector. A new memory concept is presented and demonstrated in which selector switching is performed only for SET and RESET programming operations and reading is operated without switching the OTS selector, strategy that allows to target outstanding endurances.
Routing in mobile ad hoc networks (2004)

Our research considers the problem of finding loop-free unicast paths in a mobile ad hoc wireless computer network (ad hoc network). In an ad hoc network, systems use radio network interfaces and may move about. Ad hoc networks may range from small groups of personal computers at a business meeting, to hundreds of devices over a campus, to possible large-scale deployment on future battlefields or sensor networks. Ad hoc wireless networks do not use centralized control or fixed infrastructure, such as access points, cell sites, or base stations. The routing problem in a multi-hop network is to find paths between pairs of systems in such a way that minimizes the data loss rate, minimizes the control traffic, and ensures the network is loop-free at every instant. 
We develop three models of computer networks that explore several aspects of contention based common-channel wireless ad hoc computer networks. The contribution of our models is to examine how correlated broadcasts, such as the propagation of a route request broadcast, behave in an ad hoc network. The models use a combinatorial enumeration method, a Markov chain method, and a differential equation method. The combinatorial and Markov methods find exact solutions to certain problems and have large state spaces. 
Considering the poor multi-hop broadcast performance of common-channel contention ad hoc networks, we modify an existing routing protocol and develop two novel routing protocols with a design goal of reducing the reliance on broadcast traffic. AODV-DS is a proposed modification to the Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol. AODV-DS applies an existing technique for broadcast reduction, dominating sets, to AODV We show an improved performance and lower overhead than conventional AODV. We propose the Label Distance Routing (LDR) protocol, which makes use of unicast traffic in graph re-labeling. LDR has lower packet loss and lower control overhead than AODV and other state-of-the-art ad hoc routing protocols. We present a new class of routing protocols called Split Label Routing (SLR). SLR protocols generalize LDR and allow more localized graph re-labeling, which reduces control overhead. We develop a specific realization of SLR called Split-Label Routing Protocol (SLRP).