gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field technologies for the measurement of PCBs (1997)

The collaborative effort between the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), US Department of Energy (DOE), and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) represents a viable team to administer, plan, execute, and report on demonstrations of commercially available field characterization and monitoring technologies. This effort is part of the EPA`s Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program. One of the overriding goals of this effort is to develop regulatory-accepted and cost effective alternatives to conventional fixed laboratory analyses through the identification and evaluation of innovative, field technologies. A technology demonstration of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) field analytical techniques will occur during July 22 through 30, 1997. The demonstration will be conducted at a DOE site (ORNL) where there is a substantial repository of PCB-contaminated materials from multiple DOE sites. Technology developers with PCB monitoring instrumentation will be evaluated. These instruments will include field portable gas chromatographs with surface acoustic wave and electron capture detectors, and field analysis kits, such as immunoassay and ion specific electrode kits. These instruments are suitable for the quantification of PCBs in a variety of matrices. Soil and surface samples will be evaluated during the demonstration. The demonstration will focus on the current DOE-Oak Ridge analytical needs to support Toxic Substance and Control Act (TSCA) decisions, while allowing developers to showcase the features of their technologies.
Antigen-independent regulation of cytoplasmic calcium in B cells with a 12-kDa B-cell growth factor and anti-CD19. (1988)

Increases in cytoplasmic free calcium ([Ca2+]i) can be induced in resting B cells either by a low molecular weight (12-kDa) B-cell growth factor (LMW-BCGF) or by crosslinking the B-cell antigen CD19 with monoclonal antibody (mAb). LMW-BCGF causes a slow [Ca2+]i increase in peripheral blood and tonsillar B cells but has no effect on [Ca2+]i in resting T cells. B-cell [Ca2+]i responses mediated by anti-surface immunoglobulin (sIg) or anti-CD19 are potentiated by LMW-BCGF, but anti-sIg and anti-CD19 do not show additive [Ca2+]i responses. LMW-BCGF- and anti-CD19-induced [Ca2+]i signals are similar to the sIgM or sIgD-mediated signals in that they are inhibited by prior treatment with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. However, LMW-BCGF- and CD19-mediated signals do not depend on the expression of sIg, since they were also observed on sIg-B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells. Both anti-CD19 and LMW-BCGF stimulated in vitro colony formation by ALL cells and showed additive effects when used together. [Ca2+]i responses to LMW-BCGF or CD19 cross-linking were also evident on certain pre-B-cell and lymphoma B-cell lines.
High‐salt diet induces outward remodelling of efferent arterioles in mice with reduced renal mass (2016)

A reduction in renal mass with a high-salt diet induces oxidative stress that leads to an outward eutrophic remodelling in efferent arterioles and reduced wall compliance in both afferent and efferent arterioles. This may contribute to the lower GFR in this model of CKD.
A Combined Temperature and Stress Sensor in 0.18 μm CMOS Technology (2017)

This paper presents a solution for on-chip temperature and mechanical stress measurement in CMOS integrated circuits. Thereby both temperature and stress sensors are realized as resistive Wheatstone bridges. By design, both sensors show outputs affected by non-linearities and parasitic cross-sensitivities. The novelty presented in this work is to combine both non-ideal sensor outputs by applying a two-dimensional Newton-Raphson method to extract the actual values of temperature and mechanical stress which were obtained with errors of less than 0.5 K and 0.5 MPa.
Simultaneous hierarchical segmentation and vectorization of satellite images through combined non-uniform data sampling and anisotropic triangulation (2010)

The automatic detection, recognition, and segmentation of object classes in remote sensed images is of crucial importance for scene interpretation and understanding. However, it is a difficult task because of the high variability of satellite data. Indeed, the observed scenes usually exhibit a high degree of complexity, where complexity refers to the large variety of pictorial representations of objects with the same semantic meaning and also to the extensive amount of available details. Therefore, there is still a strong demand for robust techniques for automatic information extraction and interpretation of satellite images. In parallel, there is a growing interest in techniques that can extract vector features directly from such imagery. In this paper, we investigate the problem of automatic hierarchical segmentation and vectorization of multispectral satellite images. We propose a new algorithm composed of the following steps: (i) a non-uniform sampling scheme extracting most salient pixels in the image, (ii) an anisotropic triangulation constrained by the sampled pixels taking into account both strength and directionality of local structures present in the image, (iii) a polygonal grouping scheme merging, through techniques based on perceptual information, the obtained segments to a smaller quantity of superior vectorial objects. Besides its computational efficiency, this approach provides a meaningful polygonal representation for subsequent image analysis and/or interpretation.
SOME OBSERVATIONS ON MEN SITTING QUIETLY IN EXTREME COLD (1946)

Military operations in cold weather naturally pose many problems. One of the most important is related to immobilization of men for long pe- riods of time, preventing them from indulging in even the smallest movements from fear of having their presence detected. The experimental work being reported is concerned with the reactions of soldiers sitting quietly for periods of 2 to 3 hours in environmental temperatures ranging from 10 to -400 C. METHODS Forty-five young men in excellent physical condition served as subjects for a total of 430 tests. The largest number of exposures for a single individual was 35. Two to 5 tests were performed on each subject in a single en- vironment. One group of 5 subjects was exposed to all environments, with the exception of 1.10 C. The average characteristics of the entire group were as follows: Age, 20.5 years; height, 67.6 inches; weight, 149 pounds; and surface area, 1.79 sq. M.
Abstract 100A: Prognostic significance of the expression levels of target genes of retinoic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma. (2013)

Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), a common and fatal malignancy, is increasing in incidence in developed countries. HCC generally arises in cirrhotic livers and has a poor prognosis because of the high incidence of disease recurrence after curative treatment. To improve patient prognosis, identification of new targets for early detection, chemoprevention, and treatment is urgently required. In the pathogenesis of chronic liver disease, activation of hepatic stellate cells accompanied by decreasing vitamin A storage has been observed, leading to development of the hypothesis that the loss of retinoid content is closely associated with the progression of chronic liver diseases including HCC. In a previous study, we observed steatohepatitis and HCC development in transgenic mice that express a dominant-negative form of RAR in a liver-specific manner. These findings indicate that identifying genes regulated by retinoid signaling is important for understanding the molecular mechanisms of liver disease leading to hepatocarcinogenesis. To identify novel retinoic acid (RA)-responsive genes facilitating the antitumor activity of RA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we performed a gene screening based on in silico analysis of retinoic acid response elements (RAREs), chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis of the retinoic acid receptor (RAR), and gene expression analysis. We identified 201 candidate genes with promoter regions containing consensus RAREs using in silico analysis. We identified 126 candidate genes with functional RAREs which are occupied by RAR and finally selected 26 RA-responsive genes in 2 human HCC and 1 human breast cancer cell lines. Among these genes, we identified OTU domain-containing 7B (OTUD7B) and frizzled family receptor 4 (FZD4) as potential inducers of RA-mediated antitumor activity. OTUD7B and FZD4 were involved in the regulation of nuclear factor κB and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, respectively, and affected the viability of HCC cell lines. To evaluate the clinical significance of RA-responsive genes in HCC, gene expression analysis was performed using tumor and nontumor tissues from 171 patients. In univariate and multivariate analyses, low OTUD7B mRNA expression in tumor tissue was associated with a poor prognosis forHCC patients. Conclusion: We identified RA-responsive genes that exhibit antitumor activity against HCC cells. These findings provide useful information to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the chemopreventive effects of RA against liver diseases, including HCC. Citation Format: Goshi Shiota, Keita Kanki. Prognostic significance of the expression levels of target genes of retinoic acid in hepatocellular carcinoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 100A. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-100A
CGCExplorer (2007)

Concurrent garbage collectors are notoriously hard to design, implement, and verify. We present a framework for the automatic exploration of a space of concurrent mark-and-sweep collectors. In our framework, the designer specifies a set of "building blocks" from which algorithms can be constructed. These blocks reflect the designer's insights about the coordination between the collector and the mutator. Given a set of building blocks, our framework automatically explores a space of algorithms, using model checking with abstraction to verify algorithms in the space. We capture the intuition behind some common mark-and-sweep algorithms using a set of building blocks. We utilize our framework to automatically explore a space of more than 1,600,000 algorithms built from these blocks, and derive over 100 correct fine-grained algorithms with various space, synchronization, and precision tradeoffs.
Distribution system augmented by DC links for increasing the hosting capacity of PV generation (2012)

This paper presents a concept of enhancing the photovoltaic (PV) power generation hosting capacity of distribution networks. Distribution network serving electrical energy to farm settlements was selected as an example for their large roof area available for PV installation. Further, they are characterized by long radial feeders. Such feeders suffer from voltage rise and transformer overloading problems as the total number and capacity of the PV installations increase. The distribution network can be augmented by dc distribution links with power electronic converter interfaces to the traditional ac distribution systems. It is shown here that the dc links can be used to interconnect the different radial feeders and the excess power thus could be transferred to the nearby industrial load-center.
SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with an increased risk of idiopathic acute pancreatitis but not pancreatic exocrine insufficiency or diabetes: long-term results of the COVIDPAN study (2021)

We recently published in GUT the outcomes of acute pancreatitis (AP) and coexisting SARS-CoV-2 infection.1 A number of patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive had AP of unknown aetiology (25%) speculating SARS-CoV-2 as a cause for AP similar to other viruses.2 However, most patients did not complete investigations to exclude other causes of AP. In addition, SARS-CoV-2 infection may cause aberrant glycometabolic control,3 however it is unknown if this increases the risk of long-term diabetes mellitus (DM). The follow-up data were collected 12 months from the date of recruitment for 1476 patients (118 patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive and 1358 patients who were negative) to establish an aetiology for AP and development of DM. Among the 118 patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive, 35 patients had idiopathic or unknown aetiology AP. Sixteen patients underwent either MRCP (n=13) or EUS (n=4) and the remaining patients underwent biochemical investigations to exclude other causes of AP. The final aetiology of AP was available for 83 (70.3%) patients and included gallstones (56, 47.4%), alcohol (19, 16.1%), post ERCP (2, 1.7%) and other (6, 5.1%). Overall, 23 patients had a change of aetiology, and in 35 (29.7%) patients AP was considered idiopathic. Patients who were SARS-CoV-2 positive were more likely to have idiopathic AP (34.7% vs 13.9%, p<0.001) with over five times increased risk after adjusting for age, smoking status, body mass index and ethnicity (OR: 5.34, p<0.001) (table 1 and online supplemental table S1).### Supplementary data

[gutjnl-2021-326218supp002.pdf]

View this table:

Table 1 
Comparison of baseline characteristics of all patients in the follow-up cohort by aetiology



Thirteen (11.0%) patients in the SARS-CoV-2 positive group and 187 (13.8%) patients in the negative group were readmitted with AP (p=0.949). The aetiology and baseline characteristics are summarised in online supplemental table S2. The risk of readmission was higher in younger …
Influence of the Location and Zone of Tumor in Prostate Cancer Detection and Localization on 3-T Multiparametric MRI Based on PI-RADS Version 2 (2020)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> The objective of our study was to determine the performance of 3-T multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) for prostate cancer (PCa) detection and localization, stratified by anatomic zone and level, using Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System version 2 (PI-RADSv2) and whole-mount histopathology (WMHP) as reference. <b>MATERIALS AND METHODS.</b> Multiparametric MRI examinations of 415 consecutive men were compared with thin-section WMHP results. A genitourinary radiologist and pathologist collectively determined concordance. Two radiologists assigned PI-RADSv2 scores and sector location to all detected foci by consensus. Tumor detection rates were calculated for clinical and pathologic (tumor location and zone) variables. Both rigid and adjusted sector-matching models were used to account for fixation-related issues. <b>RESULTS.</b> Of 863 PCa foci in 16,185 prostate sectors, the detection of overall and index PCa lesions in the midgland, base, and apex was 54.9% and 83.1%, 42.1% and 64.0% (<i>p</i> = 0.04, <i>p</i> = 0.02), and 41.9% and 71.4% (<i>p</i> = 0.001, <i>p</i> = 0.006), respectively. Tumor localization sensitivity was highest in the midgland compared with the base and apex using an adjusted match compared with a rigid match (index lesions, 71.3% vs 43.7%; all lesions, 70.8% vs 36.0%) and was greater in the peripheral zone (PZ) than in the transition zone. Three-Tesla mpMRI had similarly high specificity (range, 93.8-98.3%) for overall and index tumor localization when using both rigid and adjusted sector-matching approaches. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> For 3-T mpMRI, the highest sensitivity (83.1%) for detection of index PCa lesions was in the midgland, with 98.3% specificity. Multiparametric MRI performance for sectoral localization of PCa within the prostate was moderate and was best for index lesions in the PZ using an adjusted model.
A multiresolution motion estimation technique with indexing (2006)

In the multiresolution motion estimation (MRME) techniques originally proposed by Zhang and Zafar, four MRME algorithms have been proposed. In one of these algorithms, the motion vectors in the low-pass subband are properly scaled and used as the final motion vectors for all the other subbands, and, in another, the properly scaled motion vectors in the first algorithm are used as predictions and further refined. The former algorithm requires a much lighter computational load and fewer coding bits for the motion vectors than the latter; on the other hand, the latter is able to provide a better MRME performance than the former. In this paper, we propose a new MRME technique that takes advantage of both of the above algorithms. In the proposed algorithm, the sum of absolute difference associated with each of the scaled motion vectors as in the first algorithm is calculated, and the result compared with the sum of the absolute values of the amplitudes of the wavelet coefficients within the motion block to be compensated. The outcome of the comparison decides if these scaled motion vectors are accepted as the final ones. For the coding of motion information, the motion vectors used for the prediction and their patterns of applicability to higher resolution levels, called the indices, are coded.
Multichannel noise reduction wiener filter in the Karhunen-Lo&#x00E8;ve expansion domain (2012)

This paper explores the noise reduction problem in the Karhunen-Loève expansion (KLE) domain from a multichannel perspective. Based on formulations proposed for the design of optimal single-channel noise reduction in the KLE domain, we formulate the multichannel noise reduction in the KLE domain. Two different performance measures are presented: the noise reduction and speech distortion. The optimal multichannel Wiener filter is derived and its performance in terms of noise reduction and speech distortion is compared with the performance of the optimal single-channel Wiener filter. Experimental results show that a significant improvement in performance is obtained when using multiple microphone signals. The multichannel Wiener filter results also in better noise reduction in the presence of coherent noise sources.
Beyond Cumulated Gain and Average Precision: Beyond Cumulated Gain and Average Precision: Including Willingness and Expectation in the User Model (2012)

In this paper, we define a new metric family based on two concepts: The definition of the stopping criterion and the notion of satisfaction, where the former depends on the willingness and expectation of a user exploring search results. Both concepts have been discussed so far in the IR literature, but we argue in this paper that defining a proper single valued metric depends on merging them into a single conceptual framework.
Spatially focused microwave ignition of metallized energetic materials (2020)

This study investigates the ability to locally ignite metallized propellants via microwave absorption. Metallized energetic composite films incorporating high mass loadings of aluminum and titanium nanoparticle fuels within a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) polymer matrix were constructed by direct-write additive manufacturing (3D printing). Simulations of power absorption for both Ti and Al nanoparticles reveal that the passivating shell composition likely plays a significant role in the observed ignition phenomenon. Various architectures of interest were constructed for predictable microwave ignition and propellant propagation. It was found that, although aluminum nanoparticles and composites do not ignite via exposure to microwaves, titanium nanoparticles can be used as efficient reactive microwave susceptors enabling a localized ignition source. This approach enables various architectures of previously studied high energy Al/PVDF systems to be fabricated and outfitted with a microwave-sensitive titanium composite in strategic locations as a means of remote ignition for aluminum systems.
Low-Cost Interior Permannent Magnet Machine with a Blend of Magnet Types (2019)

This paper is a contribution to answering the following question: Is it possible to design a permanent-magnet machine with the performance expected from rare-earth magnets, but at a lower cost? Performance being understood as torque, size, efficiency, demagnetization and temperature rise together. The question is addressed with a systematic exploration of different interior permanent-magnet machine topologies mixing rare-earth and ferrite permanent magnets. The study starts from a production baseline, the Prius 2010 traction motor, with interior magnets placed in a single V pattern. It investigates various rotor designs, most specifically, single V and double V patterns as well as spoke configurations. The stator cross-section design and winding selection are fixed, providing a solid comparison basis from the point of view of machine cooling. For each rotor design, torque potential and machine material cost are assessed, the latter expressed as torque per dollar. A promising configuration was found, based on a spoke pattern, for which further modeling was performed to assess efficiency as well as resistance to demagnetization. It reduces the rare earth magnet volume by over 60%.
Crystal Growth of Na-Co-Doped Ce:LiCaAlF6 Single Crystals and Their Optical, Scintillation, and Physical Properties (2011)

We have grown Ce- and Na-co-doped LiCaAlF6 (Ce,Na:LiCAF) single crystals with various Ce and Na concentrations by the micro-pulling-down (μ-PD) method. Physical properties such as crystallinity, transmittance, photoluminescence, scintillation, and radiation resistance were investigated to evaluate the effects of charge compensation by Na co-doping in the Ce-doped LiCaAlF6 (Ce:LiCAF) crystal. Ce2%:LiCAF, Ce1%Na1%:LiCAF, Ce1.5%Na1.5%:LiCAF, and Ce2%Na2%:LiCAF crystals with no visible cracks and inclusions were prepared. The Ce1%Na1%:LiCAF crystal showed high crystallinity comparable to the crystal grown by the Czochralski method. In the transmittance and photoluminescence spectra of all crystals, an absorption peak around 270 nm and emission peaks around 285 and 310 nm originating from Ce3+ ions were observed, respectively. With increasing Ce and Na concentrations, the light yield systematically increased, and scintillation decay times decreased. Improvement of radiation resistance accomplished by charge compensation due to Na co-doping is clearly demonstrated.
Guanine‐Stabilized Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskites (2019)

Formamidinium (FA) lead iodide perovskite materials feature promising photovoltaic performances and superior thermal stabilities. However, conversion of the perovskite α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> phase to the thermodynamically stable yet photovoltaically inactive δ-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> phase compromises the photovoltaic performance. A strategy is presented to address this challenge by using low-dimensional hybrid perovskite materials comprising guaninium (G) organic spacer layers that act as stabilizers of the three-dimensional α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> phase. The underlying mode of interaction at the atomic level is unraveled by means of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, transmission electron microscopy, molecular dynamics simulations, and DFT calculations. Low-dimensional-phase-containing hybrid FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells are obtained with improved performance and enhanced long-term stability.
Reversible Fe exsolution in the honeycomb Ba(Fe,M)2-x(PO4)2 (x<2/3 ; M=Co, Ni) compounds : crystal chemistry, properties and Perspectives (2015)

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