gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure direction in the crown ether-mediated syntheses of FAU and EMT zeolites (1993)

{open_quotes}Rational synthesis{close_quotes} of materials largely remains an unrealized goal in the field of solid state chemistry due to the lack of mechanistic understanding of the structure-forming processes. The template-mediated syntheses of zeolites and molecular sieves represent an attempt at a priori design of extended-structure materials. However, the interactions between the organic structure-directing agents and the inorganic structural components are not well understood. The authors have been investigating the structure-template relationships in zeolite synthesis. The 15-crown-5-mediated synthesis of cubic faujasite (FAU) and the 18-crown-6-mediated synthesis of hexagonal faujasite (EMT) will be reported and compared. The location and conformation of the structure-directing agents during the synthesis and in the product materials have been characterized by Raman spectroscopy and by solid state {sup 13}C CP NMR. Structural relationships between the polymorphs of faujasite and the specificity of the crown ether structure-directing agents to the products obtained will be discussed in relation to a proposed synthesis mechanism.
Simultaneous membrane transport of two active pharmaceutical ingredients by charge assisted hydrogen bond complex formation (2014)

Using permeation through a model membrane in a Franz diffusion cell, we have demonstrated that acidic and basic active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in deep eutectic ‘liquid co-crystal’ form can be held tightly together, even in solution, via strong hydrogen bonds or partially ionized interactions, providing simultaneous transport at rates much higher than solutions of their corresponding, commercially available crystalline salts, albeit at rates that are lower than the neutral forms of the individual molecules. It was also shown that the deep eutectic APIs do not have to be premade, but hydrogen-bonded complexes can be formed in situ by mixing the corresponding API–solvent solutions. To understand the behavior, we have extensively studied a range of nonstoichiometric mixtures of lidocaine and ibuprofen spectroscopically and via membrane transport. The data demonstrates the nature of the interactions between the acid and base and provides a route to tune the rate of membrane transport.
Reynolds Number Effects on the Secondary Flow of Profile Contoured Low Pressure Turbines (2016)

Low pressure turbine profiles with high aerodynamic loading can suffer from poor midspan performance at lower Reynolds number. Studies have shown that forward loading can mitigate the low Reynolds number lapse in performance at midspan, but concerns remain about increased secondary loss from front loading profiles. The effect of Reynolds number on low pressure turbine secondary flow losses are considered here. The front loaded L2F profile is studied experimentally in a low speed linear cascade. Several different geometric contours are used to modify the shape of the blade near the endwall, which decreases passage total pressure loss. Profile contouring is accomplished by placing an endwall glove over the blade at the blade to endwall junction. Performance of each profile is compared versus Reynolds number and boundary layer parameters. Translation of dominate secondary loss flow features were tracked using surface oil flow visualization, and their movement in the passage is related to changes in passage total pressure loss. Measurements showed that the lift off-line of the passage vortex moved downstream as Reynolds number decreased, and passage total pressure loss increased.
High-energy bow tie multi-pass cells for nonlinear spectral broadening applications (2022)

Abstract Multi-pass cells (MPCs) have emerged as very attractive tools for spectral broadening and post-compression applications. We discuss pulse energy limitations of standard MPCs considering basic geometrical scaling principles and introduce a novel energy scaling method using a MPC arranged in a bow tie geometry. Employing nonlinear pulse propagation simulations, we numerically demonstrate the compression of 125 mJ, 1 ps pulses to 50 fs using a compact 2 m long setup and outline routes to extend our approach into the Joule-regime.
Ultra‐high‐resolution 1058‐ppi OLED displays with 2.78‐in size using CAAC‐IGZO FETs with tandem OLED device and single OLED device (2016)

Abstract We fabricated new 2.78‐in 1058‐ppi organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) displays. The displays used OLED devices with a tandem structure and a single structure and a field effect transistor (FET) using c‐axis aligned crystalline In–Ga–Zn–O (CAAC‐IGZO) for an active layer and employing the 1.5‐µm rule over a glass substrate. Even in the displays with such high resolution exceeding 1000 ppi, crosstalk that was observed in the lower luminance region was suppressed. The displays achieved high color reproducibility and reduced viewing angle dependence.
Supplementary Table 1A from MYC-Driven Tumorigenesis Is Inhibited by WRN Syndrome Gene Deficiency (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file - 6.3MB&lt;/p&gt;
Energy Efficiency Optimization for Backscatter Enhanced NOMA Cooperative V2X Communications Under Imperfect CSI (2022)

Automotive-Industry 5.0 will use beyond fifth-generation (B5G) technologies to provide robust, computationally intelligent, and energy-efficient data sharing among various onboard sensors, vehicles, and other devices. Recently, ambient backscatter communications (AmBC) have gained significant interest in the research community for providing battery-free communications. AmBC can modulate useful data and reflect it towards near devices using the energy and frequency of existing RF signals. However, obtaining channel state information (CSI) for AmBC systems would be very challenging due to no pilot sequences and limited power. As one of the latest members of multiple access technology, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has emerged as a promising solution for connecting large-scale devices over the same spectral resources in B5G wireless networks. Under imperfect CSI, this paper provides a new optimization framework for energy-efficient transmission in AmBC enhanced NOMA cooperative vehicle-to-everything (V2X) networks. We simultaneously minimize the total transmit power of the V2X network by optimizing the power allocation at BS and reflection coefficient at backscatter sensors while guaranteeing the individual quality of services. The problem of total power minimization is formulated as non-convex optimization and coupled on multiple variables, making it complex and challenging. Therefore, we first decouple the original problem into two sub-problems and convert the nonlinear rate constraints into linear constraints. Then, we adopt the iterative sub-gradient method to obtain an efficient solution. For comparison, we also present a conventional NOMA cooperative V2X network without AmBC. Simulation results show the benefits of our proposed AmBC enhanced NOMA cooperative V2X network in terms of total achievable energy efficiency.
Autonomous Process Model Identification using Recurrent Neural Networks and Hyperparameter Optimization (2020)

We demonstrate the application of automated machine learning to the problem of identifying dynamic process models using recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The general concept relies on continuous monitoring of input-output data from a plant and the processing of this data by a collection of algorithms. The data is first processed by a collaborative filtering system, which suggests a classification of system dynamics per output channel. The proposed classification and the number of input channels is used to initialize a search over RNN hyperparameters. The search algorithm uses subsets of historical data for training and validation to select the RNN architecture and determine the network parameters according to preselected objectives for balancing model accuracy and model compactness. The proposed approach is demonstrated on a simulated case study for online system identification of a chemical reactor, where the underlying dynamic characteristics of the simulated system are changed during the simulation as the system undergoes a number of disturbances and handles control tasks. Process models for the system in question are obtained via the automated machine learning approach and the models are updated as the system dynamics change. The results show good prediction accuracy of the models throughout the simulation representing changes in system dynamics.
Relativistic magnetron with diffraction output (MDO) with a permanent magnet anode block configuration (2018)

This paper discusses the Magnetron with Diffraction Output (MDO) with transparent cathode and a permanent magnet configuration. Conventionally, to produce an axial magnetic field, a pulsed power system with Helmholtz coils is used. A permanent magnet configuration could be used as an alternative source of an axial magnetic field. The following substitution allows the MDO system to be independent of a pulsed power system for the magnetic field production, while maintaining high efficiency, and being compatible with repetition rate operation.
Supplementary heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 ameliorates hyperlipidaemic and cardiac apoptosis in high-fat diet-fed hamsters to maintain cardiovascular function (2015)

Obesity and hyperlipidaemia increase the risk of CVD. Some strains of probiotics have been suggested to have potential applications in cardiovascular health by lowering serum LDL-cholesterol. In this work, high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemia in hamsters was treated with different doses (5×108 and 2·5×109 cells/kg per d) of heat-killed Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 (Lr263) by oral gavage for 8 weeks. The serum lipid profile analysis showed that LDL-cholesterol and plasma malondialdehyde (P-MDA) were reduced in the GMNL-263 5×108 cells/kg per d treatment group. Total cholesterol and P-MDA were reduced in the GMNL-263 2·5×109 cells/kg per d treatment group. In terms of heart function, the GMNL-263 2·5×109 cells/kg per d treatments improved the ejection fraction from 85·71 to 91·81 % and fractional shortening from 46·93 to 57·92 % in the high-fat diet-fed hamster hearts. Moreover, the GMNL-263-treated, high-fat diet-fed hamster hearts exhibited reduced Fas-induced myocardial apoptosis and a reactivated IGF1R/PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway. Interestingly, the GMNL-263 treatments also enhanced the heat-shock protein 27 expression in a dose-dependent manner, but the mechanism for this increase remains unclear. In conclusion, supplementary heat-killed L. reuteri GMNL-263 can slightly reduce serum cholesterol. The anti-hyperlipidaemia effects of GMNL-263 may reactivate the IGF1R/PI3K/Akt cell survival pathway and reduce Fas-induced myocardial apoptosis in high-fat diet-fed hamster hearts.
Growth Without Growth Hormone Receptor: Estradiol Is a Major Growth Hormone-Independent Regulator of Hepatic IGF-I Synthesis (2005)

Our data show a stimulation of skeletal growth through upregulation of hepatic IGF-I by a hormone other than GH. E(2) rescues pubertal skeletal growth during GH resistance through a novel mechanism of GHR-independent stimulation of IGF-I synthesis in the liver.
Utilizing Multilingual Language Data in (Nearly) Real Time: The Case of the Nordic Tweet Stream (2020)

This paper presents the Nordic Tweet Stream, a cross-disciplinary digital humanities project that downloads Twitter messages from Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden. The paper first introduces some of the technical aspects in creating a real-time monitor corpus that grows every day, and then two case studies illustrate how the corpus could be used as empirical evidence in studies focusing on the global spread of English. Our approach in the case studies is sociolinguistic, and we are interested in how widespread multilingualism which involves English is in the region, and what happens to ongoing grammatical change in digital environments. The results are based on 6.6 million tweets collected during the first four months of data streaming. They show that English was the most frequently used language, accounting for almost a third. This indicates that Nordic Twitter users choose English as a means of reaching wider audiences. The preference for English is the strongest in Denmark and the weakest in Finland. Tweeting mostly occurs late in the evening, and high-profile media events such as the Eurovision Song Contest produce considerable peaks in Twitter activity. The prevalent use of informal features such as univerbated verb forms (e.g., gotta for (HAVE) got to) supports previous findings of the speech-like nature of written Twitter data, but the results indicate that tweeters are pushing the limits even further.
Cost of Increased Bandwidth Efficiency in 5G NR (2017)

In this paper, subband filtered CP-OFDM and windowed CP-OFDM waveforms proposed for 5G new radio (NR) are compared to LTE-like downlink and uplink waveforms under different power amplifier (PA) models. The effects of subband filtering or windowing are evaluated in terms of out-of-band and inband emissions, average error vector magnitude (EVM) and maximum uplink PA output power when increasing the bandwidth efficiency from 90% to 97.2%. The evaluations include recently proposed PA models by 3GPP TSG-RAN WG1 for downlink and uplink. It is shown that the cost of increased bandwidth efficiency in fullband downlink transmission is mainly complexity increase required by the steeper channelization filter. On the other hand, the increased EVM caused by channel filter induced inter-symbol-interference may limit the usability of modulation 256-QAM and above. In uplink with fullband transmission using 64-QAM modulation, the spectral containment is not an issue because the required backoff with highly non-linear PA model limits the Tx power to a very low level independently of the maximum allocation size. In the 1 PRB uplink, increased bandwidth utilization decreases the maximum PA output power while increased backoff improves the inband ACLR.
Streptomyces linear plasmids that contain a phage‐like, centrally located, replication origin (1996)

Unlike previously studied linear replicons containing 5' DNA termini covalently bound to protein, pSLA2, a 17 kb linear plasmid of Streptomyces rochei, initiates replication internally rather than at the telomeres (Chang and Cohen, 1994). Here we identify and characterize the replication origin of pSLA2, showing that it contains a series of direct repeats (iterons) within a centrally located gene encoding an essential DNA-binding protein (Rep1); a second essential protein (Rep2), which resembles prokaryotic DNA helicases and has ATPase activity stimulated by single-stranded DNA, is expressed from the same transcript. A 430 bp locus separated by almost 2 kb from the iterons of the origin specifies an as yet undefined additional function required in cis for plasmid replication. pSCL, a 12 kb linear plasmid of Streptomyces clavuligerus, contains, near the centre of the plasmid, a region configured like the pSLA2 origin. The replication regions of pSLA2 and pSCL, which are capable of propagating plasmid DNA in either a circular or linear form (Shiffman and Cohen, 1992; Chang and Cohen, 1994) resemble those of temperate bacteriophages of the Enterobacteriacae and Bacillus. Our observations suggest that Streptomyces linear plasmids may occupy an evolutionarily intermediate position between circular plasmids and linear phage replicons.
Discrete-time Decimation filter Design for Multistandard RF Sub-sampling Receiver (2007)

Sampling-based downconversion architecture was proposed in (R. Barrak et al., 2007) for multistandard RF subsampling receiver. By an appropriate choice of RF and IF subsampling frequencies complete multistandard RF bands are downconverted to baseband. This paper presents a reconfigurable discrete-time switched capacitor filter at the baseband stage which serves as an anti-aliasing and a decimation filter for analogue to digital converter. The proposed decimation filter structure consists of two cascaded second order decimation filters which are adapted respectively for GSM, UMTS and IEEE-802.11g multistandard radio receiver. The overall transfer function of this structure can be changed by switching the received channel path and adjusting the clock signal frequency controlling the switched-capacitors. IIR and FIR filter switched-capacitor implementations are also investigated to evaluate designed filter complexity and performance.
Comparison of delay bounds for Ethernet networks based on simple Network Calculus algorithms (2014)

This paper gives a simple introduction to Network Calculus (NC), a theory to calculate end-to-end delay bounds for packet-switched communication networks. It illustrates how various networking parameters affect delay bounds when flows are multiplexed. Various algorithms for the calculation of end-to-end delay bounds are revisited and their performance is compared under different conditions. The framework is applicable to feedforward networks and useful to determine delay bounds for flows in Ethernet networks.
Bipolar androgen therapy (BAT) in men with hormone sensitive (HS) prostate cancer (PC). (2016)

236 Background: We documented a paradoxical anti-tumor effect when castration-resistant prostate cancer patients were treated with intermittent, high-dose testosterone (i.e. BAT) [PMID: 25568070]. Since the adaptive increase in androgen receptor expression that follows chronic androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) may underlie this effect, we tested whether men with HS PC would also respond to BAT if given following a 6-month ADT lead-in. Methods: Men with asymptomatic HS PC and low metastatic burden (N = 20) (no visceral disease, ≤ 10 bone metastases, no lymph nodes &gt; 5 cm short axis diameter) or non-metastatic biochemically recurrent disease (N = 13) were enrolled. Following 6-months of ADT, those with a PSA &lt; 4 ng/ml went on to receive 2 cycles of BAT. A cycle of BAT was defined as intramuscular testosterone (T) cypionate or enanthate 400 mg on Days (D) 1, 29 and 57 followed by ADT alone D 85-169. ADT was continued throughout the study to allow for rapid cycling from near castrate to supraphysiologic range T following T injections. The primary endpoint was the percent of patients with a PSA &lt; 4 ng/ml after 2 cycles of BAT, with the study designed to reject a null rate of 40% at a one-sided alpha = 0.1. Secondary endpoints included quality of life (QOL) as measured by the SF-36, FACT-P, IIEF and IPSS surveys. Results: Twenty-nine of 33 patients received BAT following the ADT lead-in (1 withdrew consent, 3 had PSA &gt; 4 ng/ml). The primary endpoint was met, with 17/29 men (59%, lower bound 90% confidence interval = 45%) having a PSA &lt; 4 ng/ml after 2 cycles of BAT. Ten patients receiving BAT had RECIST evaluable disease, and 8 (80%) objective responses were observed (4 complete; 4 partial). Three patients progressed per RECIST criteria and 3 had unconfirmed progression on bone scan. Men treated with 6-months of ADT had improved QOL after the first cycle of BAT. The median improvement in SF-36, FACT-P, and IIEF total scores were 3.2 (range, -20 to 48; P = 0.21), 3.5 (range, -30 to 50; P = 0.04), and 10 (range, -4 to 59; P &lt; 0.001) points, respectively. There was no change in total IPSS score (median change 0 [range, -9 to 8; P = 0.87]). Conclusions: BAT demonstrated preliminary efficacy in men with HS PC following 6-months of ADT. BAT may improve QOL in men that have received ADT. Clinical trial information: NCT01750398.
Direct Seawater Electrolysis via Synergistic Acidification by Inorganic Precipitation and Proton Flux from Bipolar Membrane (2021)

This report describes direct seawater electrolysis (DSE) wherein natural seawater is used as a catholyte without filtration or pretreatment; seawater is acidified to a pH of 2 while hydroxide ions are produced at the cathode by the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). It results from the cooperative effect of hydroxide ions trapped through inorganic precipitation at the cathode and proton flux from water dissociation in a bipolar membrane (BPM; used as a separator). The acidification of the catholyte in the proposed BPM-DSE substantially mitigates cathode passivation, eliminates the requirement of additional processes for treatment of inorganic precipitates dispersed in the catholyte, and reduces the cathode potential (𝐸𝑐) required for the HER to enable long-term DSE. The BPM in this system plays a critical role in maintaining the electrolyte concentration, suppressing the chlorine evolution reaction (ClER), and maximizing the oxygen evolution reaction. These findings are expected to suggest a breakthrough toward large-scale operation of DSE that successfully overcomes challenges such as energy consumption, inorganic precipitation, ClER, and corrosion.
Comparative Analysis of Structural Transformations of Two Bituminous Coals with Different Maximum Fluidity during Carbonization (2007)

The variation of the volume of two bituminous coals with different maximum fluidity (MF) values has been determined using carbonization tests, and the quality of coke obtained has been examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs. The structural and chemical changes in bituminous coals at the pre-plastic stage during carbonization were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) techniques and compared to the changes in their electric and dielectric parameters. It was observed that the structural and chemical transformations occurred in the disordered phase of both coals in different ways. These differences are attributed to the different redistributions of hydrogen between the radicals generated in the aliphatic and aromatic parts of the macromolecule fragments.
Apigenin and luteolin modulate microglial activation via inhibition of STAT1-induced CD40 expression (2008)

Our findings provide further support for apigenin and luteolin's anti-inflammatory effects and suggest that these flavonoids may have neuroprotective/disease-modifying properties in various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Merger of Visible Light Induced Oxidation and Enantioselective Alkylation with a Chiral Iridium Catalyst (2015)

A single chiral octahedral iridium(III) complex is used for visible light activated asymmetric photoredox catalysis. In the presence of a conventional household lamp and under an atmosphere of air, the oxidative coupling of 2-acyl-1-phenylimidazoles with N,N-diaryl-N-(trimethylsilyl)methylamines provides aminoalkylated products in 61-93 % yields with high enantiomeric excess (90-98 % ee). Notably, the iridium center simultaneously serves three distinct functions: as the exclusive source of chirality, as the catalytically active Lewis acid, and as a central part of the photoredox sensitizer. This conceptionally simple reaction Scheme may provide new avenues for the green synthesis of non-racemic chiral molecules.
A tentative approach to constructing tamper-resistant software (1997)

So far tamper-resistance has been considered as a property such as information stored in (I device is hard to read or modify by tampering. Such tamper-resistance is quite important in many situations: superdistribution, electronic commerce systems using IC card, pay television systems with decoders containing secret values for descrambling image and so on. Tamper-resistance ensures proper operation of a program and prevents extraction of secret data and abuse of the program. Moreover, tamper-resistance enables a vendor to enforce his own conditions upon users.