gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Consequences of the Fractal Network of Nanotube - Poly(ethylene oxide) Nanocomposites (2007)

Dispersions of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs), with an effective aspect ratio of approximately 650 , in poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) form fractal superstructures above their geometrical percolation and display rheological properties that follow time-temperature-composition-strain superpositioning. The concentration dependences of the elastic modulus of the network and the onset-strain for shear thinning are consistent with the short-range nature of the interactions that dominate these dispersions. The strain dependence of the damping behavior for the nanocomposites shows concentration invariance when represented against the local strain experienced by the network element, with the onset occurring at a local strain value of 0.1, similar to other nanocomposite systems dominated by weak interactions.
S,N double rearrangement. 2. X-ray crystal structures of rearranged products (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTS,N double rearrangement. 2. X-ray crystal structures of rearranged productsMasataka Yokoyama, Masaki Nakamura, Hiroko Ohteki, Tsuneo Imamoto, and Keiichi YamaguchiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 6, 1090–1094Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00345a039https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00345a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Ni0.25Mn0.75CO3 Mixed Carbonate Precursor and its Lithiated Phases for Lithium Batteries (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer in face-to-face charge-transfer π-complexes of planar porphyrins and hexaazatriphenylene derivatives (2014)

Charge-transfer (CT) π-complexes are formed between planar porphyrins and 1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene (HAT) derivatives with large formation constants (<i>e.g.</i>, 10<sup>4</sup> M<sup>-1</sup>), exhibiting broad CT absorption bands. The unusually large formation constants result from close face-to-face contact between two planar π-planes of porphyrins and HAT derivatives. The redox potentials of porphyrins and HAT derivatives measured by cyclic voltammetry indicate that porphyrins and HAT derivatives act as electron donors and acceptors, respectively. The formation of 1 : 1 CT complexes between porphyrins and HAT derivatives was examined by UV-vis, fluorescence and <sup>1</sup>H NMR measurements in nonpolar solvents. The occurrence of unprecedented ultrafast photoinduced electron transfer from the porphyrin unit to the HAT unit in the CT π-complex was observed by femtosecond laser flash photolysis measurements. A highly linear aggregate composed of a planar porphyrin and an HAT derivative was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM).
Learning distances to improve phoneme classification (2011)

In this work we aim to learn a Mahalanobis distance to improve the performance of phoneme classification using the standard 39-dimensional MFCC features. To learn and to evaluate the performance of our distance, we use the simple k-nearest-neighbors (k-NN) classifier. Although this classifier exhibits low performance relative to state-of-the-art phoneme classifiers, it can be used to determine a distance metric that is applicable to many other better-performing machine learning methods. We devise a novel optimization method that minimizes the error function of the k-NN classifier with respect to the covariance matrix of the Mahalanobis distance, based on finite-difference stochastic approximation (FDSA) gradient estimates combined with a random perturbation term to avoid local minima. We apply our method to the problem of phoneme classification with the k-NN classifier and show that our learned distance provides performance improvement of up to 8:19% over the standard k-NN classifier, and additionally outperforms other state-of-the-art distance learning methods by approximately 4 percentage points. We also find that the computational complexity of our method, while not optimal, is better than other distance learning methods. The performance improvements for individual phoneme classes are given. The distances learned are applicable to other scale-variant machine learning methods, such as support vector machines, multidimensional scaling, and maximum variance unfolding, as well as others.
The second century of Campylobacter research: recent advances, new opportunities and old problems (2007)

Research over the last few years is starting to address the gaps in our knowledge of how this important human pathogen interacts with host cells and causes diarrhoeal disease. Further research is required for a detailed understanding of these interactions and also to develop intervention strategies to reduce the burden of C. jejuni-associated disease.
Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes for Solid Lubrication of Highly Loaded Contacts (2023)

When lubrication of rolling bearings with oil or grease is not possible, for example because the lubricant evaporates in vacuum, solid lubrication by multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) is a viable alternative. To understand the mechanisms underlying MWCNT lubrication of highly loaded contacts, we combine an experimental approach with large-scale molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Tribometry is performed on ground iron plates coated with two different types of MWCNTs by electrophoretic deposition. Although structural differences in the MWCNT materials result in slightly different running-in behavior, most of the tests converge to a steady-state coefficient of friction of 0.18. The resulting wear tracks and tribolayers are subjected to structural and chemical characterization and suggest a tribo-induced phase transformation resulting in tribolayers that consist of MWCNT fragments, iron oxide, and iron carbide nanoparticles embedded in an amorphous carbon matrix. Covalent bonding of the tribolayer to the iron surface and low carbon transfer to the alumina counter body indicate sliding at the tribolayer/ball interface as the dominant mechanism underlying MWCNT solid lubrication. MD simulations of nascent a-C tribofilms lubricated by MWCNT bundles and stacks of crossed MWCNTs reveal two different sliding regimes: a low-load regime that leaves the MWCNTs intact and a high-load regime with partial collapse of the tube structure and formation of a-C regions. The critical load for this transition increases with the filling ratio of the MWCNT and the packing density of the stacks. The former determines the stability of the MWCNT, while the latter controls the local stresses at the MWCNT crossings. For both MWCNT materials, the high-load regime is predicted for the experimental loads. This is confirmed by a remarkable agreement between transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomistic simulation images. Based on the findings of this work, a multistep lubrication mechanism is formulated for MWCNT coatings rubbing against alumina on an iron substrate.
Influence of Iron Carbide on Mechanical Properties in High Silicon-added Medium-carbon Martensitic Steels (2020)

Using a medium-carbon steel containing 2 mass% Si, we investigated the effect of its tempered martensite microstructure on its mechanical properties. We found that the tensile strength of tempered martensite continuously decreases with increasing tempering temperature and that its yield strength markedly decreases in a tempering temperature range of 673 K to 723 K. To investigate the correlation with the microstructure, we examined the effect of tempering temperature on the microstructure by SEM and TEM and identified Fe carbide phases by TEM nanobeam diffraction pattern analysis and X-ray diffractometry. In the tempering temperature range where the yield strength significantly decreases, the morphology of the ε carbide precipitated in martensite blocks changed from platelike to granular and the χ carbide was precipitated in a small amount in the samples tempered at 723 K. SAXS quantitative evaluation of the ε carbide revealed that the decrease in the size and volume fraction of the ε carbide with the increase in the tempering temperature was far greater than with the samples tempered at 673 K and below. The sharp decrease in the yield strength was suggested to be correlated with the increase in the mobility of dislocations with the decrease in the precipitate volume fraction resulting from the dissolution of ε carbide in the transformation process of the Fe carbides.
Odour source finding behaviour of the turnip root fly, Delia floralis (Fall.) (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) in the field (1987)

Abstract The turnip root fly males and females fly and land preferentially at a height of 15–25 cm. Females follow host plant odour anemotactically upwind and fly ca 10 cm lower than males or non‐searching females. Searching females arrive to the host by ca 2 m long short flights with upwind reorientation on the ground during the stops. They land mostly on the leeward side of a single source of host odour. Gravid females are attracted more by host odour than ungravid females. Zusammenfassung Zur Orientierung der Großen Kohlfliege, Delia floralis (Fall.) (Dipt., Anthomyiidae) zu Duftquellen im Feld Die Große Kohlfliege fliegt zu einer Duftquelle in 15‐25 cm Höhe. Weibchen orientieren sich anemotaktisch gegen den Wind bei Stimulation von Duftreizen aus einer einzelnen Wirtspflanze und fliegen 10 cm niedriger als die Männchen oder solche Weibchen, die eine Wirtspflanze nicht suchen. Wirtsuchende Fliegen gelangen gegen den Wind mit kurzen Flugsprüngen von ca. 2 m mit Landungen und Reorientierung auf dem Boden. Zum Schluß landen sie meistens auf der Leeseite der Duftquelle. Weibchen mit voll entwickelten Eiern reagierten mehr auf den Duft von Kohlrübenextrakt als Männchen oder Weibchen ohne reife Eier.
Metal ion specificity of the conversion of bovine factors IX, IX alpha, and IXa alpha to bovine factor IXa beta. (1980)

The nomenclature used
A WBAN Reader Antenna to Improve the Wireless Link with an In-Body WBAN Antenna (2018)

In this paper, a method is proposed to improve the wireless link of an in-body wireless body-area network(WBAN) antenna with the off-body signal-reading system. A small WBAN antenna embeddable in the human body is designed. A wide-band size-reduced reader antenna is proposed to cope with frequency shift resulting from a short distance between the agent and reader antennas, and attenuation by the human tissue. The transmission from the in-body agent antenna to the reader is shown to improve by over 50 dB.
Pd/C-Catalyzed Deoxygenation of Phenol Derivatives Using Mg Metal and MeOH in the Presence of NH4OAc (2006)

A Pd/C-catalyzed deoxygenation method of phenolic hydroxyl groups via aryl triflates or mesylates using Mg metal in MeOH at room temperature was developed. The addition of NH4OAc dramatically affects the reactivity and reaction rate. This method is particularly attractive to provide an environmentally benign and widely applicable removal method of phenolic alcohols under quite mild reaction conditions.
Towards multi-mJ, OPCPA-based field synthesizer (2017)

Combining the concept of temporal field synthesis with optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) holds promise for generation of multi-mJ, watt-level light transients, which may extends isolated attosecond pulse to multi-keV photon energies [1, 2]. The details of our proposed conceptual architecture of such a field synthesizer is described in [3]. The apparatus consists of (i) an Yb:YAG thin-disk regenerative amplifier, followed by (ii) phase-stable multi-octave seed generation, (iii) amplification of three complementary portions of the supercontinuum in OPCPA channels, and (iv) coherent combination of the output of these channels.
ChemInform Abstract: 5‐Deazaflavins: New Very Efficient DNA Photosensitizers, Synthesis of Oligonucleotide Conjugates (1999)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Toxicity of Insecticides to the Aphid PredatorCoccinella novemnotata12 (1978)

A laboratory bioassay study of 9 insecticides, phosalone, phosmet, carbaryl, Penncap M, dimethoate, azinphosmethyl, demeton, phosphamidon and endosulfan was conducted on adult Coccinella novemnotata (Herbst) to compare their contact toxicities. The study was conducted to determine if C. novemnotata can tolerate materials commonly used in the integrated pest management program on apple in Pennsylvania. Phosphamidon was the most toxic of the compounds tested. Endosulfan caused no mortality at any of the dosages tested. The other insecticides caused 70% mortality or less of adult C. novemnotata .
Supersonic bare metal cluster beams. Final report (1997)

A major portion of the project involved elucidating the relation between reactivity and the electronic structure of transition-metal (TM) clusters of 2--200 atoms, which required the construction and continuous development of two principal apparati; the Fourier Transform-Ion Cyclotron Resonance (FT-ICR) apparatus, and Ultraviolet Photoelectron Spectroscopy (UPS). Together, these machines have enabled the most detailed probing of the structure and chemical reactivity of TM clusters. Clusters of all the transition metals were included in these studies. Fundamental aspects in chemisorption, reactivity, and heterogeneous catalysis have also become better understood as a result of these experiments for important classes of systems such as H{sub 2}, CO, and CO{sub 2} adsorbed onto clusters of many of the metals listed above. In particular, a correlation was found between reactivity of H{sub 2} with Fe, Co, and Ni clusters and differences between the cluster IP and EA. As recounted in a previous technical report, the DOE`s role in the initial discovery of fullerenes at Rice was central, and from the start investigations were made into metal atoms trapped in the fullerenes cage. More recently, the authors have discovered that 2--4 atoms of La, Y, or Sc can be produced by laser vaporization of composite graphite/metal-oxide disks. This work was largely motivated by the prospects of using such endohedral TM metals for their catalytic activity without the well-known difficulties of effective support media and lack of control over particle size. Thus, while it will certainly be important to discover ways to efficiently scale up production (e.g., the solar generation method explored with DOE support), the efforts have concentrated more on characterization, purification, and manipulation of doped fullerenes. For the past two years, much of the group`s effort has involved the production, purification, and characterization of carbon nanotubes.
NADPH‐sulfite reductase flavoprotein from Escherichia coli: Contribution to the flavin content and subunit interaction (1995)

The flavoprotein component (SiR-FP) of the sulfite reductase of E. coli is an octamer of the 66 kDa alpha subunit. It was shown to be cleaved in two peptide fragments. The 23 kDa fragment has been purified as a polymer of 8-10 subunits. It corresponds to the N-terminal part of the native protein and was shown to contain essentially FMN as cofactor. The 43 kDa fragment is monomeric. It contains exclusively FAD and remains able to catalyze efficiently NADPH-dependent reductions. One can conclude that each alpha-chain of SiR-FP is composed of two distinct domains, one binding FAD and the other FMN and that the FMN-binding domains cooperate for a head-to-head subunit interaction.
Erratum: Autophagy as a new therapeutic target in Duchenne muscular dystrophy (2013)

Correction to: Cell Death and Disease (2012) 3, e418; doi:10.1038/cddis.2012.159; published online 15 November 2012 Since the publication of this article the authors have noticed the lanes displaying the actin bands in figures 1, 5b and supplementary figure 1a were not the appropriate ones. The errors have now been rectified.
SMT Helps Bitext Dependency Parsing (2011)

We propose a method to improve the accuracy of parsing bilingual texts (bitexts) with the help of statistical machine translation (SMT) systems. Previous bitext parsing methods use human-annotated bilingual treebanks that are hard to obtain. Instead, our approach uses an auto-generated bilingual treebank to produce bilingual constraints. However, because the auto-generated bilingual treebank contains errors, the bilingual constraints are noisy. To overcome this problem, we use large-scale unannotated data to verify the constraints and design a set of effective bilingual features for parsing models based on the verified results. The experimental results show that our new parsers significantly outperform state-of-the-art baselines. Moreover, our approach is still able to provide improvement when we use a larger monolingual treebank that results in a much stronger baseline. Especially notable is that our approach can be used in a purely monolingual setting with the help of SMT.
Solid-State Imaging and Biomedical Applications Chairman (1979)

In this session, reports on two topical technologies will be presented. Efforts to obtain high resolution, broad spectral sensitivity, high speed and improved signal-to-noise ratio in sotid-state sensors, have been reported at ISSCC. Latest results in these areas will be covered in a pair of introductory papers, the first describing a large single chip imager incorporating an integrated color filter. This device makes possible a single-chip color camera with acceptable resolution and will be shown to have good color separation. Two CCD line imaging devices, affording substantial improvements in performance and ease of use of such devices, will be covered in the following presentation. The development of custom ICs and transducers for biomedical applications will be discussed in the second group of four papers. The biomed systems place severe requirements on power dissipation and power supply voltages since they are, in general, battery powered. The technologies and circuit designs used in these systems have much broader implications, however, because of the increasing use of batten/ power in a wide range of consumer and military electronic systems. This aspect is reflected in a paper that will describe an etched diaphragm pressure sensor which incorporates signal processing circuitry on the thinned diaphragm and requires but two leads. Another effort will detail a custom bipolar circuit useful in a wide range of telemetry systems, since it functions as a multiplexer and signal processor for a number of physiological sensors. Current efforts in pacemaker development include making such devices externally pro. grammable. A custom CMOS chip which provides this capability will be described. In the final paper a complex custom CMOS chip which contains both analog and digital circuitry will be described. This integrated circuit contains all of the essential functions needed for the external measurement of heart rate.
Measurement of the Higgs boson coupling properties in the H → ZZ∗ → 4ℓ decay channel at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector (2018)

A bstract The coupling properties of the Higgs boson are studied in the four-lepton ( e , μ ) decay channel using 36.1 fb −1 of pp collision data from the LHC at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS detector. Cross sections are measured for the main production modes in several exclusive regions of the Higgs boson production phase space and are interpreted in terms of coupling modifiers. The inclusive cross section times branching ratio for H → ZZ ∗ decay and for a Higgs boson absolute rapidity below 2.5 is measured to be 1. 73 − 0.23 + 0.24 (stat.) − 0.08 + 0.10 (exp.) ± 0.04(th.) pb compared to the Standard Model prediction of 1 . 34±0 . 09 pb. In addition, the tensor structure of the Higgs boson couplings is studied using an effective Lagrangian approach for the description of interactions beyond the Standard Model. Constraints are placed on the non-Standard-Model CP-even and CP-odd couplings to Z bosons and on the CP-odd coupling to gluons.
Grundsätze der Miniplant‐Technik (2006)

Gründe für Laborversuche Anforderungen an die Miniplant-Technik Vorteile von Miniplant-Anlagen gegenüber Technikumsanlagen Apparate- und Verfahrens-Scale-up
Achieving Climate Change Absolute Accuracy in Orbit (2013)

The Climate Absolute Radiance and Refractivity Observatory (CLARREO) mission will provide a calibration laboratory in orbit for the purpose of accurately measuring and attributing climate change. CLARREO measurements establish new climate change benchmarks with high absolute radiometric accuracy and high statistical confidence across a wide range of essential climate variables. CLARREO's inherently high absolute accuracy will be verified and traceable on orbit to Système Internationale (SI) units. The benchmarks established by CLARREO will be critical for assessing changes in the Earth system and climate model predictive capabilities for decades into the future as society works to meet the challenge of optimizing strategies for mitigating and adapting to climate change. The CLARREO benchmarks are derived from measurements of the Earth's thermal infrared spectrum (5–50 μm), the spectrum of solar radiation reflected by the Earth and its atmosphere (320–2300 nm), and radio occultation refractivity from which accurate temperature profiles are derived. The mission has the ability to provide new spectral fingerprints of climate change, as well as to provide the first orbiting radiometer with accuracy sufficient to serve as the reference transfer standard for other space sensors, in essence serving as a “NIST [National Institute of Standards and Technology] in orbit.” CLARREO will greatly improve the accuracy and relevance of a wide range of space-borne instruments for decadal climate change. Finally, CLARREO has developed new metrics and methods for determining the accuracy requirements of climate observations for a wide range of climate variables and uncertainty sources. These methods should be useful for improving our understanding of observing requirements for most climate change observations.
PNPLA3 gene polymorphism and response to lifestyle modification in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2014)

Although the PNPLA3 rs738409 GG genotype confers a higher risk of NAFLD, these patients are more sensitive to the beneficial effects of lifestyle modification and should be encouraged to do so.