gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Two-Dimensional Nanocomposite of Molybdenum Disulfide and Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Oxide for Efficient Counter Electrode of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2016)

In this study, we reported the synthesis of the two-dimensional (2D) nanocomposite of molybdenum disulfide and nitrogen-doped graphene oxide (MoS2/nGO) as a platinum-free counter electrode (CE) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and Raman spectroscopy were used to examine the characteristics of the 2D nanocomposite of MoS2/nGO. The cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectra (EIS), and the Tafel polarization measurements were carried out to examine the electrocatalytic abilities. XPS and Raman results showed the 2D behaviors of the prepared nanomaterials. HRTEM micrographs showed the direct evidence of the 2D nanocomposite of MoS2/nGO. The results of electrocatalytic examinations indicated the MoS2/nGO owning the low charge transfer resistance, high electrocatalytic activity, and fast reaction kinetics for the reduction of triiodide to iodide on the electrolyte-electrode interface. The 2D nanocomposite of MoS2/nGO combined the advantages of the high specific surface of nGO and the plenty edge sites of MoS2 and showed the promoted properties different from those of their individual constituents to create a new outstanding property. The DSSC with MoS2/nGO nanocomposite CE showed a photovoltaic conversion efficiency (PCE) of 5.95 % under an illumination of AM 1.5 (100 mW/cm(2)), which was up to 92.2 % of the DSSC with the conventional platinum (Pt) CE (PCE = 6.43 %). These results reveal the potential of the MoS2/nGO nanocomposite in the use of low-cost, scalable, and efficient Pt-free CEs for DSSCs.
Enabling technologies for a new wavelength window at 2microns (2016)

In this paper we will discuss avenues to exploit the potential low loss and low linearity of hollow core photonic band gap fibres (HC-PBGF) at 2 microns wavelength. In particular, we will show recent developments in semiconductor devices to enable a 100Gbit/s transmission demonstration.
Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells Express 20 Tenascin C Isoforms That Are Differentially Regulated by Pax6 (2007)

Tenascin C (Tnc) is an alternatively spliced, multimodular extracellular matrix glycoprotein present in the ventricular zone of the developing brain. Pax6-deficient small eye (sey) mouse mutants show an altered Tnc expression pattern. Here, we investigated the expression of Tnc isoforms in neural stem/progenitor cells and their regulation by the paired-box transcription factor Pax6. Neural stem/progenitor cells cultured as neurospheres strongly expressed Tnc on the protein level. The Tnc isoform expression in neural stem/progenitor cells was analyzed by reverse transcriptase-PCR and dot blot Southern hybridization. In total, 20 different Tnc isoforms were detected in neurospheres derived from embryonic fore-brain cell suspensions. The Tnc isoform containing the fibronectin type III domains A1A4BD is novel and might be neural stem/progenitor cell-specific. Transient overexpression of Pax6 in neurospheres of the medial ganglionic eminence did not alter the total Tnc mRNA expression level but showed a pronounced regulative effect on different Tnc isoforms. The larger Tnc isoforms containing four, five, and six additional alternatively spliced fibronectin type III domains were up-regulated, whereas the small Tnc isoforms without any or with one additional domain were down-regulated. Thus, Pax6 is a homeodomain protein that also modulates the splicing machinery. We conclude that the combinatorial code of Tnc isoform expression in the neural stem/progenitor cell is complex and regulated by Pax6. These findings suggest a functional significance for individual Tnc isoforms in neural stem/progenitor cells.
Supplementary Figure 3 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance (2023)

Supplementary Figure 3 from Inhibitor of Differentiation-1 as a Novel Prognostic Factor in NSCLC Patients with Adenocarcinoma Histology and Its Potential Contribution to Therapy Resistance
Whispering gallery modes in silicon nanocrystal coated microcavities (2009)

Abstract We present photoluminescence studies of silicon‐nanocrystal (Si‐NC) coated microcavities. The particular geometries studied are hollow fibers where there is a Si‐NC coating in the inner surface and regular optical fibers and glass microspheres where the coating is on the outside surface. The coatings were prepared using an inexpensive and straightforward solution‐based process that yields a high‐quality film. The measured photoluminescence spectra from the resonators show high Q ‐factor (between 1200 and 2800) resonant modes that correspond with the whispering gallery modes expected from the confinement geometries. The presence of these modes is also an indication that the emission of the Si‐NCs is coupled to the cavity. The combination of Si‐NCs and optical microcavities with strong confinement has promising potential for applications like sensing, optical communications and may be a possible route toward a Si‐NC laser. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &amp; Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Evaluation of drug penetration with cationic micelles and their penetration mechanism using an in vitro tumor model (2016)

Elevated interstitial fluid pressure (IFP) and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) are major factors causing significant barriers to penetration of nanomedicines in solid tumors. To better understand the barriers, various in vitro tumor models including multicellular spheroids and multilayered cell cultures (MCCs) have been developing. Recently, we have established a unique in vitro tumor model composed of a MCC and an Ussing chamber system which is modified to add a hydraulic pressure gradient through the MCC. In this study, we evaluated the drug penetration ability of cationic micelles using the unique in vitro tumor model. The doxorubicin (DOX)-loaded cationic micelles, which are formed from a triblock copolymer of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide)-block-branched polyethyleneimine-block-poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide), deeply penetrated and released the DOX throughout the MCC against convectional flow caused by a hydraulic pressure gradient. The studies using endocytosis markers and inhibitors showed that the micelles utilized mainly macropinocytosis as an internalization pathway. Furthermore, the penetration was apparently inhibited by treatment with exocytosis inhibitor Exo1. These results suggest that the active penetration of the cationic micelles is induced by iterative transcytosis via macropinocytosis and exocytosis. Our findings could be beneficial information to improve intratumoral penetration in new nanomedicines for solid tumors.
Thermal response of carbon fiber epoxy laminates with metallic and nonmetallic protection layers to simulated lightning currents (2017)

Nonlinear finite element (FE) simulations to characterize lightning‐induced thermal damage in AS4/3506 carbon/epoxy composites with metallic and nonmetallic protection layers were performed and then compared with those for unprotected composites. In this study, FE estimates of matrix thermal decomposition in composites subjected to 40 kA peak currents were performed. Two protection layers were considered: (1) a traditional copper mesh (CM) commonly used for aircraft lightning strike protection and (2) a single layer of highly conductive pitch carbon fiber paper (PCFP). Temperature‐dependent material properties of each constituent were used to predict the matrix thermal decomposition induced by simulated lightning current waveforms. The lightning strike FE models suggest that both the CM and the PCFP lightning protection layers successfully mitigated thermal damage development in the underlying composites as a consequence of reduced through‐thickness electrical current flow/heat conduction. The CM provided excellent protection from thermal damage; the predicted matrix decomposition only penetrated the first AS4/3506 ply. Similarly, the PCFP outer layer limited thermal damage to the top three composite plies, while the predicted matrix decomposition of the unprotected composite penetrated the sixth ply. Improved PCFP protection layers appear possible to design by varying the in‐plane and through‐thickness electrical conductivities, as well as the PCFP‐to‐first ply gap conductance. This suggests that PCFP outer layers or similar lightweight carbon‐based layers may serve as efficient lightning protection layers. POLYM. COMPOS., 39:E2149–E2166, 2018. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers
An Approach to Real-Time Reflection Tomography Using the Complete Dataset (1986)

Direct calculation of the time of flight for synthetic-aperture imaging requires determination of the square root of the sum of squares. The time-of-flight surface can be approximated by a polynomial that can be evaluated in a singleaddition time. Furthermore, the structure of the approximation is suitable for VLSI implementation. With a separate time-of-flight calculator for each transmit-receive pair the processing for a 512 x 512 synthetic-aperture image can be done at a 30 Hz frame rate with existing VLSI technologies.
Treatment With BX471, a Nonpeptide CCR1 Antagonist, Protects Mice Against Acute Pancreatitis-Associated Lung Injury by Modulating Neutrophil Recruitment (2007)

These findings suggest that interfering with neutrophil migration and activation by targeting CC chemokine receptor 1 may represent a promising strategy to prevent disease progression in acute pancreatitis.
Evaluating the Passage Vortex Response to Upstream Periodic Unsteadiness (2021)

View Video Presentation: https://doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-1090.vid Flow through the turbine section of gas turbine engines is inherently unsteady due to a variety of factors, such as the relative motion of rotors and stators. In low pressure turbines, periodic wake passing has been shown to impact boundary layer separation, blade surface pressure distribution, and loss generation. The effect of periodic disturbances on the endwall flow is less understood. The present paper considers the response of an endwall vortical structure, the passage vortex, to various upstream disturbances. The passage vortex is a three-dimensional unsteady flow feature which generates aerodynamic losses as it interacts with the flow along the blade suction surface. High-speed velocimetry and numerical simulations have shown that the vortex intermittently loses coherence and varies in strength and position over time. The intermittent loss of coherence of the passage vortex is believed to be related to the leading-edge junction flow dynamics. An array of pneumatic devices was installed upstream of a linear cascade of low-pressure turbine blades to produce periodic disturbances that impact the blade leading edge region. The change in the unsteady characteristics of the vortex were analyzed under the influence of various upstream disturbances. This study expands upon previous experiments to include disturbances of two different magnitudes and over a larger frequency range. A small disturbance and a large disturbance were created and characterized by their maximum velocity deficit and nondimensionalized by the on-time of the solenoid valve. The characteristics of the disturbances, in terms of frequency, and velocity deficit are modified by changing the device’s settings. A plane of PIV data was collected between the upstream device and the blade leading edge to characterize the periodic disturbances. A plane of high-speed SPIV data was collected inside the blade passage to examine how the disturbances impacted the vortex. The size and frequency of the disturbances had a nonlinear impact on the vortex size and strength. Fourier analysis revealed that the actuation frequency caused a harmonic response, and a change in the temporal behavior of the PV. The VITA method was implemented in this study to provide insight into the disturbance’s impact on the PV. Each actuation frequency caused a different response from the vortex, but the vortex dynamics did not lock-on to the disturbance frequency.
Digital compensation circuits and sub-binary digital-to-analog converters (2006)

Among the compensation techniques presented in chapter 2, the digital correction is the most versatile. Without requiring major adaptations, it can be used in a large variety of situations to compensate for analog circuit imperfections.
Interactive Visual Synthesis of Analytic Knowledge (2006)

A visual investigation involves both the examination of existing information and the synthesis of new analytic knowledge. This is a progressive process in which newly synthesized knowledge becomes the foundation for future discovery. In this paper, we present a novel system supporting interactive, progressive synthesis of analytic knowledge. Here we use the term "analytic knowledge" to refer to concepts that a user derives from existing data along with the evidence supporting such concepts. Unlike existing visual analytic-tools, which typically support only exploration of existing information, our system offers two unique features. First, we support user-system cooperative visual synthesis of analytic knowledge from existing data. Specifically, users can visually define new concepts by annotating existing information, and refine partially formed concepts by linking additional evidence or manipulating related concepts. In response to user actions, our system can automatically manage the evolving corpus of synthesized knowledge and its corresponding evidence. Second, we support progressive visual analysis of synthesized knowledge. This feature allows analysts to visually explore both existing knowledge and synthesized knowledge, dynamically incorporating earlier analytic conclusions into the ensuing discovery process. We have applied our system to two complex but very different analytic applications. Our preliminary evaluation shows the promise of our work
28nm Fully-depleted SOI technology: Cryogenic control electronics for quantum computing (2017)

This paper reports the first cryogenic characterization of 28nm Fully-Depleted-SOI CMOS technology. A comprehensive study of digital/analog performances and body-biasing from room to the liquid helium temperature is presented. Despite a cryogenic operation, effectiveness of body-biasing remains unchanged and provides an excellent Vth controllability. Low-temperature operation enables higher drive current and a largely reduced subthreshold swing (down to 7mV/dec). FDSOI can provide a valuable approach to cryogenic low-power electronics. Applications such as classical control hardware for quantum processors are envisioned.
Integrated Single-Cell Atlas of Endothelial Cells of the Human Lung (2021)

Our integrated analysis provides a comprehensive and well-crafted reference atlas of ECs in the normal lung and confirms and describes in detail previously unrecognized endothelial populations across a large number of humans and mice.
Nogo-B is a new physiological substrate for MAPKAP-K2 (2005)

The neurite outgrowth inhibitor protein Nogo is one of 300 proteins that contain a reticulon homology domain, which is responsible for their association with the endoplasmic reticulum. Here we have found that the Nogo-B spliceform becomes phosphorylated at Ser107 in response to lipopolysaccharide in RAW264 macrophages or anisomycin in HeLa cells. The phosphorylation is prevented by SB 203580, an inhibitor of SAPK2a (stress-activated protein kinase 2a)/p38a and SAPK2b/p38b, and does not occur in embryonic fibroblasts generated from SAPK2a/p38a-deficient mice. Nogo-B is phosphorylated at Ser107 in vitro by MAPKAP-K2 [MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase)-activated protein kinase-2] or MAPKAP-K3, but not by other protein kinases that are known to be activated by SAPK2a/p38a. The anisomycin-induced phosphorylation of Ser107 in HeLa cells can be prevented by 'knockdown' of MAPKAP-K2 using siRNA (small interfering RNA). Taken together, our results identify Nogo-B as a new physiological substrate of MAPKAP-K2.
Heteronuclear Overhauser Effects: 2d NMR Measurements of through Space1H-13C Dipolar Couplings In Solution (1987)

Abstract Summary-A 2D NMR study of proton-carbon through space dipolar connectivities has been performed on procaine in DMSO solution. A suitable pulse sequence generated vicinal and geminal heteronuclear Overhauser effects. Long distance dipolar interactions could not be detected due to the low sensitivity of this 2D approach. A combined use of ID and 2D NMR measurements is illustrated for elucidating molecular structures and dynamics by the analysis of heteronuclear through space dipolar interactions.
Cloning and sequencing of a Moraxella bovis pilin gene (1985)

Moraxella bovis pili have been shown to play a major role in both infectivity and protective immunity of bovine infectious keratoconjunctivitis. Sonicated M. bovis DNA from the piliated strain EPP63 was inserted into the vector lambda gt11 with EcoRI linkers. Recombinant phage were screened with an oligonucleotide probe based on the amino-terminal portion of the DNA sequence of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin gene. Two candidate phages produced a protein that comigrated with EPP63 beta pilin in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels and bound anti-pilus antisera. The 1.9-kilobase insert from one of these, lambda gt11M182, was subcloned in both orientations into pBR322, forming the plasmids pMxB7 and pMxB9, both of which produced beta pilin, as did pMxB12, a HindIII deletion derivative of pMxB7. In HB101(pMxB12), the M. bovis pilin protein was shown to be primarily localized in the inner membrane. The entire 939-base-pair insert of pMxB12 was sequenced, revealing a ribosome binding site just upstream of the coding region and an AT-rich region further upstream containing some potential RNA polymerase recognition sites. The translation of the sequence predicts a six-amino-acid leader sequence preceding the phenylalanine that begins the mature protein. Codon usage analysis of the M. bovis beta pilin gene revealed greater use of the CUA codon for leucine than usual for a well-expressed Escherichia coli gene. Comparisons of the M. bovis EPP63 beta pilin protein sequence with other pilin gene sequences are presented.
Pro/con clinical debate: is high-volume hemofiltration beneficial in the treatment of septic shock? (2002)

Although there have been exciting advances in the management of sepsis and septic shock, mortality still remains high. Recent data suggest that high-volume hemofiltration (HVHF) may play a role in these patients. In contrast to the usual rate of hemofiltration, HVHF is felt to be better able to remove the inflammatory mediators associated with sepsis and septic shock. Such an approach is currently incapable of selectively removing specific mediators. This may be a problem when one considers that several mediators may in fact be beneficial. When determining whether HVHF should be instituted in a patient with septic shock, one need remember that its role is far from clear and its usefulness remains the subject of much debate. Although early data is encouraging, it is clear that additional data is required before HVHF becomes standard management. The authors of this pro/con debate, which is based on a clinical scenario, first describe their own position and then respond to their opponent's position.
Contrast in four-beam-interference lithography (2008)

Specific configurations of four linearly polarized, monochromatic plane waves have previously been shown to be capable of producing interference patterns exhibiting the symmetries inherent in all 14 Bravais lattices. We present (1) the range of possible absolute contrasts, (2) the conditions for unity absolute contrast, and (3) the types of interference patterns possible for configurations of four beams interference that satisfy the uniform contrast condition. Results are presented for three Bravais lattice structures: Base- and face-centered cubic and simple cubic.
A Universal Approach to the Fast Discovery of New Nitride Phosphors (2014)

Discoveries of novel luminescent materials are of fundamental importance in the advancement of lighting and display technologies. Current routine methods for this purpose inevitably involve the initial preparation of a high quality single crystal or a single-phase compound, which are known as time-consuming and labor intensive one-by-one processes. In this presentation, we introduce a simple single-particle-diagnosis method for rapid discovery of totally new nitride luminescent materials, just through determining the crystal structure, composition and photoluminescence properties of a single luminescent particle. The luminescent particle was distinguished and captured directly from the synthesized powder mixture containing different crystalline phases, on the basis of its characteristic emission color and morphology. The crystal structure of the single particle was determined by a fine-focus single-crystal X-ray diffractometer, and the photoluminescence properties (i.e., luminescence spectra, thermal quenching and quantum efficiency) were measured on a single phosphor using home-built fluorescence microspectroscopy. This method has enabled us to discover new yellow and blue phosphors in the Si 3 N 4 -Ba 3 N 2 -AlN ternary system, and a additional 48 in other systems.
Teneurin-2 is expressed in tissues that regulate limb and somite pattern formation and is induced in vitro and in situ by FGF8 (2001)

Teneurin-2 is a member of a novel family of transmembrane proteins characterized to date in fish, birds, mammals, and Drosophila (e.g., the pair-rule gene product Ten-m). We have shown that teneurin-2 is expressed by neurons in the developing avian visual system in a pattern complementary to the expression of teneurin-1 and that recombinant teneurin-2 induces morphologic changes in neuronal cells in culture (Rubin et al., 1999). Here we have used cRNA probes to two newly identified splice variants and a teneurin-2-specific antibody to determine whether teneurin-2 is also expressed outside the nervous system. Both reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and in situ hybridization indicate that the three splice variants known so far are coexpressed at sites of pattern formation during development. Teneurin-2 mRNAs and protein are found in the developing limbs, somites, and craniofacial mesenchyme. In addition to expression of teneurin-2 by the apical ectodermal ridge, teneurin-2 transcripts also appear transiently at sites of tendon development. Teneurin-2 expression patterns were strikingly similar to those of fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8). In agreement with the overlapping expression pattern, FGF8-coated beads implanted into chicken limb buds induced the ectopic expression of teneurin-2 and soluble FGF8 induced teneurin-2 in limb explant cultures. Thus, teneurin-2 could act downstream of FGF8 during morphogenesis.