gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Randomized, Double‐Blind, Placebo‐Controlled Study of Gelesis100: A Novel Nonsystemic Oral Hydrogel for Weight Loss (2018)

Gelesis100 is a promising new nonsystemic therapy for overweight and obesity with a highly desirable safety and tolerability profile.
Design for Manufacturability and Reliability in Nano Era (2009)

The bottom line of any company is to maximize the profit from any given product. There are many factors influencing the product design resulting in a profitable business. One of the biggest factors is the manufacturability of the product. It is becoming more and more crucial to meet the 6+6 (6 months for the development and 6 months for qualifying the product to ship to customer) product life cycle to accommodate the rapid changing technology hungry market demand. Smooth, reliable, and efficient product ramp through manufacturing is the key of success for meeting TTM, capturing higher percentage of total available market (TAM). This tutorial is going to address the difficulties industries are facing today in designing manufacturing friendly highly complex giga-scale products in submicron technology. As we are heavily into deep submicron era, the error margin or the tolerance guard band is getting tighter and tighter with respect to the previous generation of fabrication process. On this note, it is important to pay attention to Design For Manufacturing (DFM) related issues early in the design cycle as oppose to later in the design. These include, however not limited to, all kinds debugging hooks in the design for easy debugging of billion of transistors in a given design, paying attention to manufacturing friendly physical design rules, making sure of adequate test coverage to toggle most of the design nodes, making sure optimal guard band is implemented for transistor degradation for the lifetime of the product, and last but not least, all reliability (ESD, EM/SH, LU, etc) related issues are resolved in pre-silicon design before Tape out. In the past, manufacturing issues were not given much attention; time has changed and designers must have to be more sensitive than ever before in addressing manufacturing related issues early in the design cycle. In a nut shell, this tutorial will capture the must have knowledge for design engineers (irrespective of front-end or back-end) who are involved in high performance VLSI design, as DFM features moving upstream in the design cycle. Audience will walk out with a good understanding on how to integrate specific manufacturing concerns into a product's design to obtain a product that is easier to manufacture with excellent overall quality in a shortest development time.
Fixed fragment-size packet transmissions with distributed redundancy over multipath fading channels (2004)

Standardized wireless transmissions include fixed-size fragments per packet. Relying on this structure, we develop two schemes for distributing redundancy across fragments, in order to improve performance of packet transmissions over frequency-selective fading channels. We prove that both schemes guarantee symbol detectability, which implies that they both enable the full multipath diversity. We test their relative merits, and compare them with competing alternatives using simulations.
Density Variant Glycan Microarray for Evaluating Cross-Linking of Mucin-like Glycoconjugates by Lectins (2012)

Interactions of mucin glycoproteins with cognate receptors are dictated by the structures and spatial organization of glycans that decorate the mucin polypeptide backbone. The glycan-binding proteins, or lectins, that interact with mucins are often oligomeric receptors with multiple ligand binding domains. In this work, we employed a microarray platform comprising synthetic glycopolymers that emulate natural mucins arrayed at different surface densities to evaluate how glycan valency and spatial separation affect the preferential binding mode of a particular lectin. We evaluated a panel of four lectins (Soybean agglutinin (SBA), Wisteria floribunda lectin (WFL), Vicia villosa-B-4 agglutinin (VVA), and Helix pomatia agglutin (HPA)) with specificity for α-N-acetylgalactosamine (α-GalNAc), an epitope displayed on mucins overexpressed in many adenocarcinomas. While these lectins possess the ability to agglutinate A(1)-blood cells carrying the α-GalNAc epitope and cross-link low valency glycoconjugates, only SBA showed a tendency to form intermolecular cross-links among the arrayed polyvalent mucin mimetics. These results suggest that glycopolymer microarrays can reveal discrete higher-order binding preferences beyond the recognition of individual glycan epitopes. Our findings indicate that glycan valency can set thresholds for cross-linking by lectins. More broadly, well-defined synthetic glycopolymers enable the integration of glycoconjugate structural and spatial diversity in a single microarray screening platform.
Multiple-Cell Microfluidic Dielectric Resonator for Liquid Sensing Applications (2020)

This paper presents a high-sensitive planar microwave sensor based on the metamaterial technology, integrated with a microfluidic channel to be used for liquid sensing in a variety of biomedical applications. The sensor design comprises three cells of circular complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) engraved on the ground plane of a dielectric substrate in a cascaded configuration. The sensing cells are excited with a time-varying electric field coupled from a planar microstrip-line (MTL) etched on the bottom side of the substrate. The proposed design of multiple coupled resonators would enhance the electric field intensity over a larger sensing region through the inter-resonator coupling, thus improving the overall sensitivity for detecting liquid samples of high permittivity and dielectric losses. The sensor exhibits a reject (band stop) filter behaviour with multiple resonances in the centimeter-wave band 1 - 6 GHz when loaded symmetrically with liquid samples. The sensor is fabricated on an FR4 dielectric substrate with a biocompatible microfluidic channel aligned appropriately over the sensing area to enable consistent and intact sensing of the liquid samples. The CSSR-sensor is numerically modeled and compared in performance to the single-cell CSRR for detecting small variations in the dielectric properties. The sensitivity, reliability, and repeatability of the proposed sensor are practically demonstrated by the in-lab measurements for different liquid samples using a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) setup where distinctive resonant features (amplitude and frequency) are extracted from multiple resonance modes in the reflection and transmission responses. A high sensitivity is also demonstrated for monitoring glucose level variations in synthetic blood samples of concentrations (70 - 150 mg/dL) which are clinically-relevant to diabetes conditions. Beside its impressive capability in detecting small dielectric variations, the developed sensor features other favorable attributes including compact size, simple fabrication, affordable cost, non-ionizing nature, and minimal health risk or impact. Such key advantages could potentially promote the proposed sensor for integration with other microwave components in an embedded device for non-invasive monitoring of blood glucose for diabetes.
Activity‐Controlled Circadian Base Rate (1998)

The current pacing rates are clustered around a fixed base rate since pacemaker patients are usually sedentary, resting, or sleeping most of the time. This fixed base rate is either too low for daytime hemodynamic support or too high for nighttime rest and recovery. Multiple Holter studies involving normal individuals have suggested that the resting base rate fluctuates during the course of the day. The circadian base rate (CBR) algorithm was designed to provide patients with a circadian change in paced resting rate and a normal rate distribution. The CBR algorithm, using a sophisticated accelerometer sensor, was developed and tested using the downloaded activity data from patients implanted with Trilogy DR+ pacemakers. Twenty-five patients (19 men, 6 women, age 72 +/- 9 years) were studied. Trilogy DR+ is able to record the detailed sensor and system behavior data for a week. During outpatient visits, the pacemaker was interrogated and the data accumulated in the pacemaker memory were downloaded. The CBR algorithm was applied to the activity variance histogram to calculate the base rate and to construct its histogram. The base rates in the CBR histogram are generally below 100 ppm with a distribution that mimics the natural sinus rate distribution of normal subjects. The CBR algorithm provides the highest daytime rates for hemodynamic support and the lowest nighttime rates for cardiac recovery, with a smoothly changing base rate modeling the normal circadian variation in heart rate.
Self-aligned self-assembled organosilicate line patterns of ~20nm half-pitch from block-copolymer mediated self assembly (2007)

We report the formation of robust organosilicate line patterns of ~20nm half-pitch on surfaces from the self-assembled lamellar phase of a diblock copolymer of polystyrene and poly(ethylene oxide), PS-b-PEO, and an oligomeric organosilicate precursor mixtures. We could control the orientation and alignment of microdomains of this hybrid to the same degree of the thin films of organic block copolymers. By controlling the surface energy of substrates using dense organosilicate, the perpendicular orientation of lamellae to the surface was achieved. Topographic prepatterns were generated by E-beam lithography and used for alignment of the line patterns from lamellar phase. Upon removing the organic component (i.e. PS-b-PEO) by thermal treatment, the organosilicate microdomains remain as periodic line patterns with global alignment on surfaces. This method gives well-aligned silicon-containing line patterns with sublithographic length scales on surface. The self-assembled organosilicate line patterns were successfully transferred into underlying silicon substrate using anisotropic plasma etching.
Studies of chain conformational kinetics in poly(di-n-alkylsilanes) by spectroscopic methods. III. Fourier transform Raman studies of unsymmetric side chain substitution (1989)

Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy has been used to acquire spectra of polysilane derivatives in the absence of resonance effects arising from electronic absorptions of these materials between 320 and 370 nm. The nonresonant FT-Raman spectra allow detailed analysis of the conformation of and lateral interactions between alkyl side groups. Comparison of spectra for the series of unsymmetrically substituted compounds poly(n-pentyl,n-hexylsilane), poly(n-heptyl,n-hexylsilane), and poly(n-octyl,n-hexylsilane) with the symmetrically substituted analog poly(di-n-hexylsilane) reveals various degrees of intra- and intermolecular disorder due to mismatch of side chain length. The induced disorder is well correlated with transition temperatures and UV-vis absorption maxima.
GROWTH AND COMPETITIVE NATURE OF Yersinia enterocolitica IN WHOLE MILK (1980)

ABSTRACT A combination of four Y. enterocolitica strains was inoculated with and without five competing psychrotrophic bacteria, into milk that had been pasteurized using ultra‐high‐temperature procedures. Milk inoculated at two levels with Y. enterocolitica was held at 3°C and 25°C, without competing bacteria and monitored for growth. At 3°C, cells per ml of milk increased from 250 to more than 4.6 × 10 7 in less than 3 wk. Growth and identification were determined for Y. enterocolitica and competing organisms in milk held for 10 days at 3°C. After 10 days, the total count was 1.7 × 10 7 cells per ml of the inoculated milk. Pseudomonas fluorescens accounted for 43% of the 60 randomly picked colonies that were representative of the microbial population in the milk. Competing organisms were isolated in the following order of decreasing frequency: Micrococcus varians, Alcaligenes faecalis, Achromobacter pestifer , and Bacillus cereus. Y. enterocolitica was not present among the colonies randomly picked, but was detected in low numbers in Bismuth Sulfite Agar spread plates. This work indicated that Y. enterocolitica has the capacity for growth in milk at refrigeration temperatures, but is a poor competitor with common spoilage organisms.
Evidence That Transcription Factor IIB Is Required for a Post-assembly Step in Transcription Initiation (1999)

Mutation of glutamate 62 to lysine in yeast transcription factor (TF) IIB (Sua7) causes a cold-sensitive phenotype. This mutant also leads to preferential transcription of downstream start sites on some promoters in vivo. To explore the molecular nature of these phenotypes, the TFIIB E62K mutant was characterized in vitro. The mutant interacts with TATA-binding protein normally. In three different assays, the mutant can also interact with RNA polymerase II and recruit it and the other basal transcription factors to a promoter. Despite the ability to assemble a transcription complex, the TFIIB E62K protein is severely defective in transcription in vitro. Therefore, the role of TFIIB must be more than simply bridging TATA-binding protein and polymerase at the promoter. We propose that the region around Glu-62 in yeast TFIIB plays a role in start site selection, perhaps mediating a conformational change in the polymerase or the DNA during the search for initiation sites. This step may be related to the yeast-specific spacing between TATA elements and start sites since mutations of the corresponding glutamate in mammalian TFIIB do not produce a similar effect.
New Hypercoordinating Organostannanes for the Modular Functionalization of Mono‐ and Polystannanes: Synthetic and Computational Studies** (2022)

Abstract A series of potentially hypercoordinate tin compounds derived from a substitutionally labile tosyl stannane ( 5 ) was produced to gain access to a library of propyloxybiphenyl ( 11 ), propylmethoxy ( 12 , 14 , 18 , 22 ) or propylthioester ( 13 , 15 , 19 , 23 ) stannanes for structure/property/polymerization investigations. Structural characterizations by single crystal X‐ray diffraction of 12 , 14 , 18 and 19 were also undertaken. The relative energies of hypercoordinate conformers for the propylmethoxystannanes 12 , 14 , 18 , and 22 were determined with DFT methods and the fractional abundance of conformers in the gas and solution (CHCl 3 ) phase were estimated. Relativistic DFT calculations of 119 Sn NMR chemical shifts were carried out for a series of non‐hypercoordinate reference compounds and the conformers, allowing the estimation of Boltzmann‐averaged chemical shifts of the hypercoordinate propylmethoxystannanes. A semi‐crystalline homopolymer ( 25 ) was isolated from the dehydropolymerization of 22 using Wilkinson's catalyst. Conversion of the liable tosylated polystannane ( 24 ) to a new partially substituted polystannane ( 28 ) via nucleophile displacement reactions was achieved.
Optical backplane with free-space optical interconnections using tunable beam deflectors and a mirror for bookshelf-assembled terabit per second class asynchronous transfer mode switch (1998)

We have designed an optical backplane with free-space optical interconnections using tunable beam deflector arrays and a mirror for terabit per second class bookshelf-assembled asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) switches. Optical beam transmitter arrays and optical beam receiver arrays are placed on the edges of a printed circuit board. Optical beams are deflected individually by the tunable deflector arrays, emitted obliquely and downward, and reflected at the mirror placed on the backplane, passing through some printed circuit boards, and reach the targeted receivers on the edges of printed circuit board. As a preliminary experiment, we show that board-to-board free-space arbitrary optical interconnections are possible using a tunable beam deflector array and 1-mm-pitch 2×2 optical beam array provided with a vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode, we also show that these optical interconnections are made very stable by attaching reinforcing frames to the printed circuit board. Furthermore, we show that more than 1000 channel interconnections per printed circuit board are possible using a 1-mm-pitch optical beam array. As the speed per channel may be more than 1 Gbit/s, the throughput of the interconnection per board reaches almost the terabit/s level. Using this optical interconnection system is used, ATM switches with a huge capacity of 1.0 to 10 Tbit/s will be possible. © 1998 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.
Added Value of Introducing Spatial Bypass into WDM/SDM Networks: Gaussian-Noise Model Analysis for Spatially-Bypassed and Spectrally-Groomed Optical Channels (2018)

Gaussian-noise model analysis reveals that hierarchical WDM/SDM networks significantky expand the optical reach for spatially-bypassed optical channels up to 2.5 fold, while preserving that for spectrally-groomed optical channels to almost the same level as in conventional single-layer WDM networks.
Effective killing of the human pathogen Candida albicans by a specific inhibitor of non‐essential mitotic kinesin Kip1p (2007)

Kinesins from the bipolar (Kinesin-5) family are conserved in eukaryotic organisms and play critical roles during the earliest stages of mitosis to mediate spindle pole body separation and formation of a bipolar mitotic spindle. To date, genes encoding bipolar kinesins have been reported to be essential in all organisms studied. We report the characterization of CaKip1p, the sole member of this family in the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. C. albicans Kip1p appears to localize to the mitotic spindle and loss of CaKip1p function interferes with normal progression through mitosis. Inducible excision of CaKIP1 revealed phenotypes unique to C. albicans, including viable homozygous Cakip1 mutants and an aberrant spindle morphology in which multiple spindle poles accumulate in close proximity to each other. Expression of the C. albicans Kip1 motor domain in Escherichia coli produced a protein with microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity that was inhibited by an aminobenzothiazole (ABT) compound in an ATP-competitive fashion. This inhibition results in 'rigor-like', tight association with microtubules in vitro. Upon treatment of C. albicans cells with the ABT compound, cells were killed, and terminal phenotype analysis revealed an aberrant spindle morphology similar to that induced by loss of the CaKIP1 gene. The ABT compound discovered is the first example of a fungal spindle inhibitor targeted to a mitotic kinesin. Our results also show that the non-essential nature and implementation of the bipolar motor in C. albicans differs from that seen in other organisms, and suggest that inhibitors of a non-essential mitotic kinesin may offer promise as cidal agents for antifungal drug discovery.
A SiGe differential 50 ps Gaussian pulse generator for sub-sampling TDR measurements (2015)

A high-speed pulse generator with two complementary outputs has been realized in a SiGe bipolar technology. Both ultra-short output pulses (with different polarity) are well approximated by a Gaussian function and show a width t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> of about 50 ps and an amplitude of 3.4 V, resulting in an amplitude at the differential output of 6.8 V. Such short pulses are essential in sub-sampling TDR systems as t <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> limits the bandwidth and thus the resolution of the measurement applications. The monolithically integrated pulse generator presented here shows substantial performance improvement compared to already existing solutions, mostly based on step recovery diodes.
Improving activity discovery with automatic neighborhood estimation (2007)

A fundamental problem for artificial intelligence is identifying perceptual primitives from raw sensory signals that are useful for higher-level reasoning. We equate these primitives with initially unknown recurring patterns called motifs. Autonomously learning the motifs is difficult because their number, location, length, and shape are all unknown. Furthermore, nonlinear temporal warping may be required to ensure the similarity of motif occurrences. In this paper, we extend a leading motif discovery algorithm by allowing it to operate on multidimensional sensor data, incorporating automatic parameter estimation, and providing for motif-specific similarity adaptation. We evaluate our algorithm on several data sets and show how our approach leads to faster real world discovery and more accurate motifs compared to other leading methods. 1
Time‐dependent changes in bladder function and plantar sensitivity in a rat model of fibromyalgia syndrome induced by hydrochloric acid injection into the gluteus (2011)

HCl injection (pH 4.0) into the gluteus can induce plantar hypersensitivity and urinary frequency for up to 2 weeks after the injection, suggesting that somatic (gluteus)-to-visceral (bladder) cross-sensitization might underlie bladder hypersensitivity in patients with FMS. Moreover, intervention at specific tender points outside the bladder could be effective in treating urinary frequency because lidocaine injection into the gluteus normalized bladder function in FMS rats for up to 2 weeks.
A fully operational 1-kbit variable threshold Josephson RAM (1990)

A 1-kb Josephson RAM chip in which all bits are operational has been demonstrated. The chip employs a new Josephson memory cell called the variable threshold memory cell. The cell has a simple structure and a wide operating margin. A directly coupled logic circuit has been introduced to drive a memory cell array instead of a superconducting loop circuit as used in previous Josephson RAM chips The directly coupled logic circuit using 4JL (four Josephson-junction logic) gates is superior because it applies a well-defined driving current to the memory cells. As a result, a fully operational Josephson RAM is realized. Experimental results on this RAM are presented
Binding effects of Alpinia galanga oil and its nanoemulsion 1 to GABAA receptors in rat cortical membranes (2021)

Abstract Anesthetic activity of Alpinia galanga oil (AGO) has been reported however the mechanism of action in mammals has not been clear. In the present study, the binding effects of AGO and its three active components to gamma-aminobutyric acid type A (GABAA) receptor in cortical membranes of Sprague-Dawley rats were firstly investigated using a [3H]muscimol binding assay. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was used to deliver these test samples. The results showed that only AGO and methyl eugenol displayed positive modulation at the highest concentration whereas 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate were inactive. An oil-in-water nanoemulsion containing 20%w/w AGO (NE-AGO) was formulated to deliver AGO instead of DMSO. This NE-AGO significantly enhanced a specific [3H]muscimol binding to 179% of the control with EC50 of 391 µg/mL. The result correlates well to the amount of methyl eugenol in AGO. This result confirms that the anesthetic activity of AGO and methyl eugenol is associated with GABAA receptor modulation, while that of 1,8-cineole and 4-allylphenyl acetate is not and may instead be related to other mechanisms. AGO showed well-tolerated by human cells. Therefore, the formulated NE-AGO might be a promising alternative anesthetic product for humans.