gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cholesteatoma Recidivism (2014)

Sequential surgery is an effective and successful strategy in cholesteatoma eradication, providing a similar recidivism rate compared to following cholesteatoma retrograde and resection of the posterior canal wall. Lower recidivism after ETC was observed as a consequence of limited disease and the postoperative middle ear status determined the higher rate of recurrence after TCM. Therefore, the restricted visualization of the middle ear during ICW surgery does not increase the rate of recidivism, compared with CWD, as described in other studies. Cholesteatoma recidivism is mainly attributed to the surgeon's experience that outweighs the chosen strategy.
Supplementary material from "Chromatic and achromatic monocular deprivation produce separable changes of eye dominance in adults" (2017)

Temporarily depriving one eye of its input, in whole or in part, results in a transient shift in eye dominance in human adults, with the patched eye becoming stronger and the unpatched eye weaker. However, little is known about the role of colour contrast in these behavioural changes. Here, we first show that the changes in eye dominance and contrast sensitivity induced by monocular eye patching affect colour and achromatic contrast sensitivity equally. We next use dichoptic movies, customized and filtered to stimulate the two eyes differentially. We show that a strong imbalance in achromatic contrast between the eyes, with no colour content, also produces similar, unselective shifts in eye dominance for both colour and achromatic contrast sensitivity. Interestingly, if this achromatic imbalance is paired with similar colour contrast in both eyes, the shift in eye dominance is selective, affecting achromatic but not chromatic contrast sensitivity and revealing a dissociation in eye dominance for colour and achromatic image content. On the other hand, a strong imbalance in chromatic contrast between the eyes, with no achromatic content, produces small, unselective changes in eye dominance, but if paired with similar achromatic contrast in both eyes, no changes occur. We conclude that perceptual changes in eye dominance are strongly driven by interocular imbalances in achromatic contrast, with colour contrast having a significant counter balancing effect. In the short term, eyes can have different dominances for achromatic and chromatic contrast, suggesting separate pathways at the site of these neuroplastic changes.
Systems biology in practice: concepts, implementation and application (2005)

Preface. Foreword. Part I: General Introduction. 1. Basic Principles. 2. Biology in a Nutshell. 3. Mathematics in a Nutshell. 4. Experimental Techniques in a Nutshell. Part II: Standard Models and Approaches in Systems Biology. 5. Metabolism. 6. Signal Transduction. 7. Selected Biological Processes. 8. Modeling of Gene Expression. 9. Analysis of Gene Expression Data. 10. Evolution and Self-organization. 11. Data Integration. 12. What's Next? Part III: Computer-based Information Retrieval and Examination. 13. Databases and Tools on the Internet. 14. Modeling Tools. Subject Index.
Breathability and Selectivity of Selected Materials for Protective Clothing (2004)

Abstract : A series of materials was evaluated for its potential use as breathable (high water transport) barriers (low chemical agent transport) for military and civilian protective clothing apparel. The vapor transmission rates and effective permeabilities of water and dimethyl methyl phosphonate (DMMP) simulant for chemical agent (Sarin) through commercial and experimental polymeric membranes were measured using a modified American Society for Testing and Materials Method E-96-95. A variety of different materials from different companies was examined; unfortunately, some cannot be named due to proprietary restrictions. Materials examined included expanded PTFE, Nafion 117, sulfonated polystyrene-polyethylene-ran-polybutylene-polystyrene, sulfonated polystyrenepolyisobutylene-polystyrene, as well as four experimental and commercial membranes (A, B, C, and D). Results demonstrated that laminated membrane A had the highest breathability (effective permeability of water vapor); however, an experimental laminated material C possessed the highest selectivity with sufficient breathability, where selectivity was defined as the ratio of water permeability to DMMP permeability. Based on the results from this study, material C presented the greatest potential for a breathable barrier material for a chemical protective clothing application.
High stability time-frequency transmission over optical fiber (2012)

The key issues and techniques of high stability time-frequency transmission over optical fiber, such as phase noise compensation, high precision measurement of phase noise, are discussed. Recent progress at Shanghai Jiao Tong University is presented.
Effect of mixing three RE elements (Nd, Eu, Gd) on the REBa2Cu3O7− phase in RE–cuprate high-Tc superconductors (1999)

The relationship between average rare earth (RE) radius and the peritectic decomposition temperature was investigated through the differential thermal analysis (DTA) of mixed rare earth (Nd, Eu, Gd) barium cuprates. The peritectic decomposition temperature (Tp) of compositions within the `ternary' (NdxEuyGdz)Ba2Cu3O7−δ (x+y+z=1), whilst maintaining a constant average RE cationic radius of 1.076 Å, was observed to be uniform. Analysis of the processed materials using powder X-ray diffraction showed the lattice parameters to be uniform also with such compositional changes. These results indicate uniform mixing of the RE elements in the RE123 phase.
Safety of medications and hormones used in pediatric endocrinology: adrenal. (2004)

Glucocorticoids have been prescribed for several decades in treating adrenal insufficiency of various etiologies. These drugs are also heavily used in treating non-endocrine disease. This article will focus on adverse side effects encountered in the chronic use of different types of glucocorticoids in children and young adults with endocrine causes of adrenal insufficiency. Dosing guidelines are discussed with a view toward minimizing the common co-morbidities of growth suppression, excess weight gain, and osteopenia, among others. This article also discusses the use of several inhibitors of adrenal steroid biosynthesis and one glucocorticoid receptor antagonist for the medical treatment of Cushing syndrome.
Mapping of the polar electrojet current down to ionospheric D region altitudes (1990)

The high‐power auroral stimulation (HIPAS) heating facility has been used to modulate D region ionospheric currents at high latitudes, producing extremely low frequency (ELF) radio wave emissions. The behavior of these ionospheric currents can be deduced from a comprehensive study of the ELF signals received at a local field site. This paper examines the mapping of the polar electrojet current from the E region down through the D region, where it can then be modulated by the heater beam. Results have been obtained using a simple Cowling model of the electrojet. These results indicate that for an electrojet flowing at an altitude of 110 km with a scale size in excess of 100 km, the mapping of the horizontal components of the current can be completely characterized in terms of the Pedersen and Hall conductivities. This is attributed to the fact that the mapping becomes independent of scale sizes which exceed 100 km. Several ionospheric heating experiments are proposed, including beam steering for localized ELF generation in the mapped region below electrojets.
Chalcogenide glass-on-2D-materials photonics (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Two-dimensional (2-D) materials are of tremendous interest to silicon photonics given their singular optical characteristics spanning light emission, modulation, saturable absorption, and nonlinear optics. To harness their optical properties, these atomically thin materials are usually attached onto prefabricated devices via a transfer process. Here we present a new route for 2-D material integration with silicon photonics. Central to this approach is the use of chalcogenide glass, a multifunctional material which can be directly deposited and patterned on a wide variety of 2-D materials and can simultaneously function as the light guiding medium, a gate dielectric, and a passivation layer for 2-D materials. Besides achieving improved fabrication yield and throughput compared to the traditional transfer process, our technique also enables unconventional multilayer device geometries optimally designed for enhancing light-matter interactions in the 2-D layers. Capitalizing on this facile integration method, we demonstrate a series of high-performance glass-on-graphene devices including ultra-broadband on-chip polarizers, energy-efficient thermo-optic switches, as well as mid-infrared (mid-IR) waveguide-integrated photodetectors and modulators based on graphene and black phosphorus.
Demonstration of bi-directional microwave-assisted magnetic reversal in synthetic ferrimagnets (2013)

We study spin dynamics in synthetic ferrimagnets, in which two dipole-coupled magnetic nanoparticles are different in thickness or biased asymmetrically with an external field. We observe a splitting of the optical spin-resonance for the two antiparallel ground states of the system and demonstrate how this splitting can be used to deterministically select a particular ground state. The demonstrated resonant switching is a fast and low-field way of controlling the magnetic state of nanodevices currently used in such large scale applications as magnetic random access memory.
Asymmetric Synthesis of α-Alkylated N-Sulfinyl Imidates as New Chiral Building Blocks (2009)

Alpha-alkylation of N-sulfinyl imidates, prepared via condensation of tert-butanesulfinamide with ortho esters, led to alpha-substituted N-sulfinyl imidates in good-to-excellent diastereomeric ratios (dr up to >99:1) and yields. Deprotection of the alkylated N-sulfinyl imidates gave access to the corresponding imidate hydrochlorides in outstanding yields. These imidate hydrochlorides proved to be excellent intermediates for an easy transformation to chiral amides in good yields and enantiomeric excess upon simple heating in chloroform. Hydrolysis of the alpha-benzylated imidate hydrochlorides afforded the corresponding chiral esters with >95% ee.
The evaluation of monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance: a consensus report of the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group (2018)

The term monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) was introduced by the International Kidney and Monoclonal Gammopathy Research Group (IKMG) in 2012. The IKMG met in April 2017 to refine the definition of MGRS and to update the diagnostic criteria for MGRS-related diseases. Accordingly, in this Expert Consensus Document, the IKMG redefines MGRS as a clonal proliferative disorder that produces a nephrotoxic monoclonal immunoglobulin and does not meet previously defined haematological criteria for treatment of a specific malignancy. The diagnosis of MGRS-related disease is established by kidney biopsy and immunofluorescence studies to identify the monotypic immunoglobulin deposits (although these deposits are minimal in patients with either C3 glomerulopathy or thrombotic microangiopathy). Accordingly, the IKMG recommends a kidney biopsy in patients suspected of having MGRS to maximize the chance of correct diagnosis. Serum and urine protein electrophoresis and immunofixation, as well as analyses of serum free light chains, should also be performed to identify the monoclonal immunoglobulin, which helps to establish the diagnosis of MGRS and might also be useful for assessing responses to treatment. Finally, bone marrow aspiration and biopsy should be conducted to identify the lymphoproliferative clone. Flow cytometry can be helpful in identifying small clones. Additional genetic tests and fluorescent in situ hybridization studies are helpful for clonal identification and for generating treatment recommendations. Treatment of MGRS was not addressed at the 2017 IKMG meeting; consequently, this Expert Consensus Document does not include any recommendations for the treatment of patients with MGRS.
Levels of the oxidative stress biomarker malondialdehyde in tears of patients with central serous chorioretinopathy relate to disease activity. (2020)

Levels of MDA in tears, measured with an optimized analytical method, correlate with RPE leakage in CSCR.
Phosphorylation state of the histone variant H2A.X controls human stem and progenitor cell fate decisions (2021)

Histone variants (HVs) are a subfamily of epigenetic regulators implicated in embryonic development, but their role in human stem cell fate remains unclear. Here, we reveal that the phosphorylation state of the HV H2A.X (γH2A.X) regulates self-renewal and differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and leukemic progenitors. As demonstrated by CRISPR-Cas deletion, H2A.X is essential in maintaining normal hPSC behavior. However, reduced levels of γH2A.X enhances hPSC differentiation toward the hematopoietic lineage with concomitant inhibition of neural development. In contrast, activation and sustained levels of phosphorylated H2A.X enhance hPSC neural fate while suppressing hematopoiesis. This controlled lineage bias correlates to occupancy of γH2A.X at genomic loci associated with ectoderm versus mesoderm specification. Finally, drug modulation of H2A.X phosphorylation overcomes differentiation block of patient-derived leukemic progenitors. Our study demonstrates HVs may serve to regulate pluripotent cell fate and that this biology could be extended to somatic cancer stem cell control.
Mechanical Interfacing Using Suspended Ultrathin Films From ALD (2016)

Interlocking microstructures formed from suspended ultrathin films create a mechanical bond between heterogeneous microfabricated dies. Films approximately 34 nm in thickness have been fabricated using atomic layer deposition in conjunction with standard surface micromachining. Bonding surfaces consist of polyimide pillars with a pitch of 19.8-29 μm that support nanofilm cantilevers, with an areal density of 9.52 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> joints/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for square surface tiling and 4.14 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> joints/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for triangle tiling. Cantilevers 2.2 and 3.1 μm in length provide length-to-thickness aspect ratios of 65:1 and 91:1, respectively. Bonding of complementary mating surfaces has been observed optically through transparent flexible substrates.
Reliable High-Frequency Fabricated Fractional-Order Capacitors and Their Passive Circuit Models (2020)

The impedance characteristics of three different type of fractional-order capacitors (FOCs) with an order of -0.74, -0.79, and -0.91 are analyzed. The used devices have excellent feature such as constant phase angle in the frequency range 10 MHz - 100 MHz. Their impedance data is fitted with second-order passive electrical model structures of Foster-I abd Foster-II using standard EIA-48 compliant component values phase error. The effect on phase and pseudo-capacitance using a detailed experimental study of series-, parallel-, and inter-connected FOCs is also shown.
Platelet-Activating Factor and Kinin-Dependent Vascular Leakage as a Novel Functional Activity of the Soluble Terminal Complement Complex (2004)

The infrequent occurrence of septic shock in patients with inherited deficiencies of the terminal complement components experiencing meningococcal disease led us to suspect that the terminal complement complex is involved in vascular leakage. To this end, the permeabilizing effect of the cytolytically inactive soluble terminal complement complex (SC5b-9) was tested in a Transwell system measuring the amount of fluorescein-labeled BSA (FITC-BSA) leaked through a monolayer of endothelial cells. The complex caused increased permeability to FITC-BSA after 15 min as opposed to the prompt response to bradykinin (BK). The effect of SC5b-9 was partially reduced by HOE-140 or CV-3988, two selective antagonists of BK B2 and platelet-activating factor receptors, respectively, and was completely neutralized by the mixture of the two antagonists. Also, DX-88, a specific inhibitor of kallikrein, partially inhibited the activity of SC5b-9. The permeabilizing factor(s) released after 30 min of incubation of endothelial cells with SC5b-9 caused a prompt leakage of albumin like BK. Intravital microscopy confirmed both the extravasation of circulating FITC-BSA across mesenteric microvessels 15 min after topical application of SC5b-9 and the complete neutralization by the mixture of HOE-140 and CV-3988. SC5b-9 induced opening of interendothelial junctions in mesenteric endothelium documented by transmission electron microscopy.
CTIX Message System User's Manual Version 1.0 (1988)

This manual describes how to use the CTIX Message System for interprocess communication in a distributed application program. The CTIX Message System is a package of message-passing facilities developed by the Concurrent Systems Group of the Department of Computer Science at Washington University, It provides a process-to-process asynchronous, buffered communication medium. The package is implemented on a network of Convergent Technologies (CT) MiniFrame workstations. These workstations support the CTIX (the Ct's version of UNIX System V) operating system and the TCP/IP network protocols.
Genome-wide DNA Methylation Events in TMPRSS2–ERG Fusion-Negative Prostate Cancers Implicate an EZH2-Dependent Mechanism with miR-26a Hypermethylation (2012)

In contrast to TMPRSS2-ERG -rearranged tumors, the pathomechanism for gene fusion-negative tumors is completely unclear. Using a sequencing-based approach, our work uncovers significant global epigenetic alterations in TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusion-negative tumors and provides a mechanistic explanation for the tumor formation process.
A Mathematical Model for Shear‐Induced Hemolysis (1995)

The time-varying history of stress exposure within a rotary blood pump makes it difficult to arrive at a quantifiable design criterion for predicting cell traumatization. Constant stress experiments have revealed that there is a threshold stress level above which damage to blood cells occurs depending upon the time of exposure. The shear stress history experienced by cells within a rotary blood pump, however, is highly unsteady. In order to better predict cell trauma under these realistic conditions, a mathematical damage model based on a concept of "damage accumulation" has been developed. This model is evaluated within the context of red cell trauma. Experimental results support the hypothesis that the rate of damage accumulation increases nonlinearly with the stress level as well as the age of the cell.
Interfacing computers for the physically handicapped (1976)

The computer has shown great promise for expanding educational and occupational opportunities for severely handicapped individuals. The greatest obstacle facing these individuals today is that they are unable to access computers through traditional keyboards or other types of terminals. This paper describes the three basic techniques which have been successfully used to allow the severely handicapped to communicate with other people and with their environment. A review of over 25 various approaches which have been developed around the world is presented, including a comprehensive bibliography of available information.
A Fabrication Method for Integrated Filter Elements With Inductance Cancellation (2009)

This paper outlines a fabrication method for integrated filter elements. An integrated filter element is a three- (or more) terminal device comprising a capacitor and coupled air-core magnetic windings, in which the magnetic windings cancel the effects of capacitor parasitic inductance. This provides greatly enhanced filtration performance over a capacitor alone. Methods for designing and forming cancellation windings are described, along with means for repeatable interconnection with the capacitor and encapsulation of the filter element. The high performance and repeatability of filter elements fabricated with the proposed method are demonstrated with several examples.
Baculovirus phosphoprotein pp31 is associated with virogenic stroma (1992)

The PstI K fragment of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) encodes a protein with a molecular weight of 31,000. To define the role of this protein (pp31) in virus infection further, it was overexpressed in bacteria and used to produce polyclonal antiserum. Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis indicated that pp31 was synthesized during both the early and late phases of virus infection, consistent with previous analyses indicating that the gene was regulated by tandem early and late promoters. Metabolic labeling of cells with carrier-free phosphate indicated that pp31 was phosphorylated. Biochemical fractionation experiments showed that pp31 was localized in the nucleus and that it was more stably associated with the nucleus at later times of infection. Immunoblot analysis of subnuclear fractions indicated that pp31 was associated predominantly with the chromatin and nuclear matrix fractions. Immunofluorescence experiments confirmed that the pp31 protein was localized in the nucleus. Nuclear staining was relatively uniform early but was more centrally nuclear later in infection. Immunoelectron microscopy indicated that the pp31 protein was a component of virogenic stroma. Southwestern (DNA-protein) blot analysis demonstrated that pp31 is a DNA-binding protein. These findings suggest a possible role for pp31 in the virus life cycle.
Impact of frequency modulation ratio on capacitor cells balancing in phase-shifted PWM based chain-link STATCOM (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of switching harmonics on the instantaneous power that flows in the cells of a chain-link based STATCOM when using Phase-Shifted PWM. Two different cases are investigated for the converter cells: low, and high switching frequency. It is shown that any deviation from the ideal conditions lead to undesired harmonics, which will impact the charge of the dc capacitors. It is also shown that for low switching frequencies, cells voltage sideband harmonics interact with baseband harmonics of the current and causes extra source of unbalance. In order to provide more uniform power distribution among the cells, two different methods called, a) carrier swapping and b) non-integer frequency modulation ratio are studied. In particular, it is shown that the selection of a non-integer frequency modulation ratio helps in providing a more uniform power distribution among cells of the same phase leg, thus contributing to the capacitors balancing. Theoretical conclusions are validated through PSCAD simulation results.