gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Data from Inhibition of TGF-β Enhances the <i>In Vivo</i> Antitumor Efficacy of EGF Receptor–Targeted Therapy (2023)

&lt;div&gt;Abstract&lt;p&gt;EGF receptor (EGFR)–targeted monoclonal antibodies (mAb), such as cetuximab, execute their antitumor effect &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; via blockade of receptor–ligand interactions and engagement of Fcγ receptors on immune effector cells that trigger antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). We show that tumors counteract the &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt; antitumor activity of anti-EGFR mAbs by increasing tumor cell-autonomous expression of TGF-β. We show that TGF-β suppresses the expression of key molecular effectors of immune cell–mediated cytotoxicity, including Apo2L/TRAIL, CD95L/FasL, granzyme B, and IFN-γ. In addition to exerting an extrinsic inhibition of the cytotoxic function of immune effectors, TGF-β–mediated activation of AKT provides an intrinsic EGFR-independent survival signal that protects tumor cells from immune cell–mediated apoptosis. Treatment of mice-bearing xenografts of human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma with cetuximab resulted in emergence of resistant tumor cells that expressed relatively higher levels of TGF-β compared with untreated tumor-bearing mice. Although treatment with cetuximab alone forced the natural selection of TGF-β–overexpressing tumor cells in nonregressing tumors, combinatorial treatment with cetuximab and a TGF-β–blocking antibody prevented the emergence of such resistant tumor cells and induced complete tumor regression. Therefore, elevated levels of TGF-β in the tumor microenvironment enable tumor cells to evade ADCC and resist the antitumor activity of cetuximab &lt;i&gt;in vivo&lt;/i&gt;. Our results show that TGF-β is a key molecular determinant of the &lt;i&gt;de novo&lt;/i&gt; and acquired resistance of cancers to EGFR-targeted mAbs, and provide a rationale for combinatorial targeting of TGF-β to improve anti-EGFR–specific antibody therapy of EGFR-expressing cancers. &lt;i&gt;Mol Cancer Ther; 11(11); 2429–39. ©2012 AACR&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
Anisotropies of touch in haptic icon exploration (2004)

Handheld devices are enhancing many aspects of our lives. As increasingly complex devices appear with decreasing form factors, haptics may become an essential tool for interacting with them. In this regime of operation, issues of power, weight and volume are of significant importance. The haptic thresholds of the index finger for active exploration of a two dimensional virtual environment for two icon alignments and two finger motions were measured. Using all possible combinations of two finger motions, flexion/extension and finger abduction/adduction, and two icon alignments, vertical and horizontal, were measured separately. Haptic thresholds ranged from 15 to 24 milliNewtons. Thresholds were affected by finger motion, but not by icon alignment.
Efficacy and safety of prolonged-release versus immediate-release tacrolimus inde novoliver transplant recipients in South Korea: a randomized open-label phase 4 study (MAPLE) (2019)

Early conversion to a simplified, once-daily, prolonged-release tacrolimus regimen may be an effective treatment option for liver transplant recipients in Korea. Larger-scale studies are warranted to confirm non-inferiority to immediate-release tacrolimus formulation in <i>de novo</i> liver transplant recipients.
SymbA: Symbolic Execution at C-level for Hardware Trojan Activation (2021)

Due to the global supply of semiconductor intellectual property (IP) cores, modern system-on-chip (SoC) designs are vulnerable to malicious functionality, referred to as hardware Trojans. Hardware Trojans are inserted to bypass the security mechanisms in a SOC or cause confidentiality, integrity, and availability violations. There is an increased emphasis on finding effective solutions to generate tests to activate Trojans in hardware designs (if any) in third party IPs. However, state-of-the-art approaches suffer from ineffectiveness in detection and scalability. In this paper, we propose SymbA that utilizes symbolic execution at C/C++ level to activate malicious functionality hidden in RTL designs. SymbA is based on mapping of RTL design to C level and leveraging the existing powerful software-level symbolic execution engine to generate tests. SymbA maps back the generated tests to RTL and checks if the hidden Trojans have been activated. In this paper, we use KLEE Symbolic Execution Engine and show the efficiency of SymbA by applying it to a number of Trust-Hub benchmarks. SymbA improves the existing state-of-the-art techniques significantly with regard to performance, coverage and memory usage.
Smooth Gear Shift Control Technology for Clutch-to-Clutch Shifting (1999)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;An automatic transmission without a one-way clutch for a small sized, light weight automatic transmission is presented. The factor of torque fluctuation occurrence during shifting of the transmission increases so that the shifting is executed by controlling two wet clutches electronically in place of the one-way clutch and the wet clutch. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new smooth gear shift control technology for clutch-to-clutch shifting on an automatic transmission without a one-way clutch. The control technology has desirable clutch-to-clutch shift control, learning control and robust control which apply to accurate signals obtained by an observation method. Smooth shifts during clutch-to-clutch shifting can be realized by recognizing clutch change-over time using a calculated acceleration and an input/output speed ratio of the transmission. Moreover, smooth shifting characteristics in the oil temperature range from 30 °C to 120 °C are obtained by using one robust controller.&lt;/div&gt;
Compact multiband sensing MIMO antenna array for cognitive radio system (2015)

This paper presents a new design for a multiband sensing MIMO antenna system that can be used in cognitive radio communication for a mobile platform. The antenna system consists of two identical small-size multiband antennas with dimensions 29.5 × 17 × 5 mm3 and each of them is comprised of a driven strip monopole and a coupled parasitic shorted strip. These antennas are located diagonally to limit the mutual coupling and antenna correlation at low frequencies. The obtained operating bands are 698-990 MHz and 1710-5530 MHz, which include most of the LTE and Wi-Fi frequency bands. A prototype was fabricated and the measured results indicate that the realized efficiency is acceptable for a mobile application considering the compact size.
FBAR using LiNbO<inf>3</inf> thin film deposited by CVD (2010)

The authors have realized a film bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) using a thin LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film deposited by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) for the first time. As a result, a 2.9GHz FBAR, which is higher than 2.1GHz of the BAW using a LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> single crystal thin plate, with an impedance ratio of 40dB at a resonant (fr) and an antiresonant (fa) frequencies was realized. The LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film has a mixture of the polarity. As a result of a scanning non-linear dielectric microscope (SNDM) measurement, -c domains and +c domains occupy 82% and 18%, respectively. A quality factor is small because it is considered that the film has the mixed polarity, the thickness is not flat and the structure of electrode is not optimum. A transverse mode was not excited on the fabricated FABR According to a calculation, the transverse wave mode is observed when the thickness of electrodes is thin. On the other hand, the transverse wave mode isn't observed when the thickness of electrodes is thick. The main responses of longitudinal mode wave are not different by the thicknesses of electrodes. Therefore it is found that the transverse wave mode can be suppressed by selecting the thickness of electrodes. Further, the effect that LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film is twinned crystalline epitaxial one is evaluated by calculation. The transverse wave mode is excited even if the film is twinned epitaxial one. It is important to deposit another oriented LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> film with larger coupling factor to realize a wider band resonator.
A randomized, prospective trial of adjuvant chemotherapy in adults with soft tissue sarcomas of the head and neck, breast, and trunk (1985)

Since 1977, 31 patients were entered in a randomized, prospective study testing the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy after aggressive local treatment of high-grade sarcomas of the head, neck, breast, and trunk (excluding retroperitoneal sarcomas). All patients had complete resection of gross tumor and underwent postoperative radiotherapy (6000-6300 rads over 7-8 weeks). Seventeen patients received adjuvant chemotherapy consisting of doxorubicin (less than or equal to 550 mg/m2), cyclophosphamide (less than or equal to 5500 mg/m2), and methotrexate (less than or equal to 1000 mg/kg). Three-year actuarial disease-free survival in the chemotherapy arm was 77%, compared to 49% in the no-chemotherapy arm (P = 0.075). Three-year overall actuarial survivals in the two treatment arms, however, were 68% and 58%, respectively (P = 0.38). Considering only patients with tumors of the trunk (22 patients), 3-year actuarial disease-free survival in the chemotherapy arm was 92%, compared to 47% in the no-chemotherapy arm (P = 0.006). Actuarial 3-year overall survival in the chemotherapy arm was 82%, compared to 61% in the no-chemotherapy arm (P = 0.18). An additional 26 patients were treated in an identical fashion, but were not part of the randomized trial because of contraindications to chemotherapy, refusal to enter the randomized trial, or because they were treated before 1977 in a trial in which all patients received chemotherapy. Considering the entire group of 57 patients, follow-up ranged from 10 to 86 months (median, 35 months). Local control was achieved in 46 patients (81%); 3-year actuarial disease-free and overall survivals were 67% and 77%, respectively. A tendency toward improved disease-free survival was apparent among patients treated with chemotherapy (P = 0.018), but there was no statistically significant improvement in overall actuarial survival (P = 0.46). The subgroup of patients with sarcomas of the trunk (39 patients) demonstrated the greatest benefit from chemotherapy, with regard to disease-free survival (P less than or equal to 0.001). The most significant toxicity associated with chemotherapy was doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy, which resulted in clinically apparent congestive heart failure in five patients. Thus, the use of chemotherapy when combined with aggressive local measures appears to improve disease-free survival, but additional patients and longer follow-up are necessary to determine if improved overall survival will result.
Impact of Pre-Analytical and Analytical Variables Associated with Sample Preparation on Flow Cytometric Stainings Obtained with EuroFlow Panels (2022)

Objective interpretation of FC results may still be hampered by limited technical standardization. The EuroFlow consortium conducted a series of experiments to determine the impact of different variables on the relative distribution and the median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of markers stained on different cell populations, from both healthy donors and patients' samples with distinct hematological malignancies. The use of different anticoagulants; the time interval between sample collection, preparation, and acquisition; pH of washing buffers; and the use of cell surface membrane-only (SM) vs. cell surface plus intracytoplasmic (SM+CY) staining protocols, were evaluated. Our results showed that only monocytes were represented at higher percentages in EDTA- vs. heparin-anticoagulated samples. Application of SM or SM+CY protocols resulted in slight differences in the percentage of neutrophils and debris determined only with particular antibody combinations. In turn, storage of samples for 24 h at RT was associated with greater percentage of debris and cell doublets when the plasma cell disorder panel was used. Furthermore, 24 h storage of stained cells at RT was selectively detrimental for MFI levels of CD19 and CD45 on mature B- and T-cells (but not on leukemic blasts, clonal B- and plasma cells, neutrophils, and NK cells). The obtained results showed that the variables evaluated might need to be tailored for sample and cell type(s) as well as to the specific markers compared; however, defining of well-balanced boundaries for storage time, staining-to-acquisition delay, and pH of washing buffer would be a valid recommendation for most applications and circumstances described herein.
The 2015 AAAI Fall Symposium Series Reports (2016)

This article contains the reports of the AI for Human‐Robot Interaction, Cognitive Assistance in Government and Public Sector Applications, Deceptive and Counter‐Deceptive Machines, Self‐Confidence in Autonomous Systems, and Sequential Decision Making for Intelligent Agents symposia, which were held November 12–14, 2015 in Arlington, Virginia.
Prostate cryotherapy: current status (2009)

Cryosurgery has a promising role in primary and salvage treatment of select prostate cancer patients. Focal cryotherapy for unilateral disease offers the added benefit of minimal adverse effects. Long-term data are emerging to support cryosurgery, and large multicenter databases have been developed to answer questions regarding optimal treatment outcomes and patterns.
A Study on the Performance of Wavelet OFDM in Power Line (2008)

Recently, the demand of high speed network in home is increasing. Some Multicarrier Modulation (MCM) based systems use FFT OFDM, and some use a Wavelet OFDM in place of FFT OFDM. Wavelet transforms consist of an M-band transmultiplexers, which use filters of greater length than the rectangular windows used in FFT OFDM. The use of symbols of longer duration allows obtaining lower side-lobe levels with respect to FFT OFDM. Better stop-band attenuation results in both lower levels of inter-carrier interference (ICI) and greater robustness to narrowband interference. For the power line channel, we have chosen two channels measured by network analyzer. The root mean square (R.M.S.) delay spreads of Channels A and B are 0.22 [μsec] and 1.1 [μsec], respectively. In this paper, the PHY (Physical layer) data rates [Mbps] achievable by Wavelet OFDM over Channels A and B are shown for two different kinds of FEC. Then, the effects of ISI and ICI on Wavelet OFDM can be compensated by increasing the number of carriers. Finally, it is shown that Wavelet OFDM characteristic is better than that of FFT OFDM about PHY rates [Mbps] with the same channels.
Nonlinear optics and electroluminescence using high vacuum deposited organic thin films (2002)

Summary form only given. We discuss recent developments in the demonstration and understanding of nonlinear optical and electroluminescence effects in very thin, ordered organic films grown via organic molecular beam deposition. Applications to photonic switching and displays will be discussed.
Evaluating Life-Cycle Environmental Impact of Data Centers (2011)

Numerous evaluation metrics and standards are being proposed across industry and government to measure and monitor the energy efficiency of data centers. However, the energy use of data centers is just one aspect of the environmental impact. In this paper, we explore the overall environmental footprint of data centers beyond just energy efficiency. Building upon established procedures from the environmental sciences, we create an end-to-end life-cycle model of the environmental footprint of data centers across a diverse range of impacts. We test this model in the case study of a hypothetical 2.2-MW data center. Our analysis suggests the need for evaluation metrics that go beyond just operational energy use in order to achieve sustainable data centers.
Visualization by Immune Electron Microscopy of a 27-nm Particle Associated with Acute Infectious Nonbacterial Gastroenteritis (1972)

A 27-nm particle was observed by immune electron microscopy in an infectious stool filtrate derived from an outbreak in Norwalk, Ohio, of acute infectious nonbacterial gastroenteritis. Both experimentally and naturally infected individuals developed serological evidence of infection; this along with other evidence suggested that the particle was the etiological agent of Norwalk gastroenteritis.
A General‐purpose System for Teleoperation of the DRC‐HUBO Humanoid Robot (2015)

We present a general system with a focus on addressing three events of the 2013 DARPA Robotics Challenge (DRC) trials: debris clearing, door opening, and wall breaking. Our hardware platform is DRC‐HUBO, a redesigned model of the HUBO2+ humanoid robot developed by KAIST and Rainbow, Inc. Our system allowed a trio of operators to coordinate a 32 degree‐of‐freedom robot on a variety of complex mobile manipulation tasks using a single, unified approach. In addition to descriptions of the hardware and software, and results as deployed on the DRC‐HUBO platform, we present some qualitative analysis of lessons learned from this demanding and difficult challenge.
An Optimization Approach for Adaptive Monitoring in IoT Environments (2017)

In Internet of Things (IoT) environments, there are multiple sensors and devices monitoring different metrics and producing massive amounts of data. Monitoring of metrics can be done at different frequencies. Systems and applications that consume monitoring data typically use constrained IT resources, e.g., constrained network facilities, storage, display, processing/computing power, and energy. Given the limited quantity of resources used by these monitoring systems and applications, it is impossible to be able to collect data of all metrics in the application's context with a very high monitoring frequency. Additionally, changes in the IoT environmental context may affect the choice of metrics that should be monitored and their monitoring frequencies. To address these issues, we propose in this paper a novel approach based on optimization model to optimally determine the metrics that should be monitored and the frequencies at which these metrics are to be monitored. Our approach is an adaptive iterative approach in which the metric frequencies are re-optimized whenever an environmental event or a monitored metric value triggers the need for such re-optimization. We also present a proof-of-concept implementation of our approach that shows the efficiency of adopting it.
Analysis of ADVANTOX/sup TM/ thin BOX SIMOX-SOI material (2002)

Wafer quality and cost have been of concern for introduction of SOI technology into commercial applications such as low voltage/power CMOS electronics. Low dose SIMOX-SOI is a prime candidate to address these concerns, having reduced manufacturing cost and potentially higher material quality. A limitation of the low dose SIMOX-SOI has been the continuity and integrity of the thin buried oxide (BOX) layer, particularly the pinhole densities. This work reports characteristics of a new low pinhole thin BOX SIMOX-SOI material. The material is fabricated using variation of implantation energies, working in an energy regime below that of typical standard SIMOX-SOI processes (i.e. <180-200 keV), yielding a silicon layer thickness of 170 nm and a BOX layer thickness of 115 nm. Material characteristics including impurity content, silicon dislocation densities, and HF defect and pinhole densities, have been measured and are presented.
AB019. A proposed test of stereovision to identify local retinal abnormalities (2019)

Background: The human visual system extracts depth information from disparity in the images seen by the two eyes. The ability to calculate depth from disparity will be disrupted if local retinal abnormalities distort parts of those images, especially if these distortions are different in the two eyes. In its early stages, age-related macular degeneration (AMD) causes slight distortions in the central vision field which differ in the two eyes. AMD is the most common form of irreversible blindness in people over the age of 50. The goal of this project is to develop a stereoscopic perception test which leverages the sensitivity of binocular depth perception to detect the interocular differences symptomatic of either early-stage AMD or other diseases affecting the retina. Methods: A program was written in MATLAB that allowed separate left and right eye stimuli to be shown to the two eyes. NVIDIA 3D Vision 2 stereoscopic glasses were used to present the stimuli. The test we have developed consists of random dot patterns covering the central 5 degrees of vision. One or more disk-shaped perturbations in depth are displayed at different locations in the visual field of the subjects. Of the ten possible target locations, we present between one and four disks on each trial. The disks will only be visible if there is an undistorted input for that visual field location from the two retinae. The participant uses a keypad to report the number of floating disks seen. A set of trials with randomized locations and numbers of disks is used to gather initial data on likely areas of stereoscopic vision deficit; afterwards, likelihoods for deficits in each location are calculated and used to generate customized subsequent trials. Results: The software to perform the local stereovision test has been developed and is now being piloted. We are currently collecting data from healthy normal subjects prior to applying the test to clinical populations. In order to simulate the central vision distortions of AMD, patches of the stimulus for one eye are scrambled and blurred. This allows us to ensure that the task is functioning correctly. Conclusions: The next step for this project is for it to be tested on ageing clinical populations to find its effectiveness in differentiating patients with normal sight from those showing early symptoms of AMD or other retinal abnormalities such as diabetic retinopathy. This test could represent a novel approach in early clinical detection of ocular disease.
Computer-Assisted Interventions on liver: Feasibility of the anchor needle technique for real-time targeting of lesions with respiratory motion (2005)

International audience
Power and thermal monitoring for the IBM System z10 (2009)

In May 2007, IBM announced Project Big Green, an initiative designed to accelerate the adoption of green technologies and services in order to make data centers more energy efficient. An integral part of this strategy is to enable power and thermal monitoring on all IBM server platforms. The IBM System z10™ server delivers these capabilities and is the first system in its class on the market to provide this functionality. This paper introduces the z10™ power and thermal monitoring architecture and provides an end-to-end view of the underlying technology, from reading voltage and current to visualizing trending information in the Active Energy Manager extension to IBM Director.