gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robustness of Sparse Bayesian Learning in Correlated Environments (2020)

In this paper we analyse the performance of Sparse Bayesian Learning (SBL) in an environment with correlated sources. We provide two new perspectives to understand SBL's strategy for handling correlated sources. Using a Minimum Power Distortionless Response (MPDR) beamformer-based perspective of SBL, it is shown that the measured signal covariance strucure based on uncorrelated sources assumption used by SBL, infact provides immunity to source correlation. The MPDR based perspective is extended to formulate SBL's misspecified model. This misspecified model is compared to the underlying true data distribution using Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence metric and it is shown that SBL attempts to find an uncorrelated source covariance matrix that best fits the data. Theory on performance of misspecified models for the two source case is studied to gain further insights into the problem. Numerical results are provided to demonstrate SBL's robustness as well as to quantify the model misfit when sources are correlated.
The Rockefeller Foundation and the prevention of malaria in Corsica, 1923-1951: support given to the French parasitologist Emile Brumpt. (2004)

The role of the International Health Board of the Rockefeller Foundation in campaigns for malaria control in many countries has clearly been documented extensively. In contrast, the involvement of the Rockefeller Foundation in the control of malaria in France has not been reported yet. The present paper describes the way in which the Rockefeller Foundation got involved, along with the parasitologist Emile Brumpt, in the anti-malaria campaigns in Corsica, France, between 1924 and 1951. We analyze the scientific and technological strategies used for that purpose and the manner in which the Rockefeller Foundation policy had influenced Brumpt's actions. The unusually long support of the Rockefeller Foundation to Emile Brumpt (1924-1948) and to research and teaching Parasitology in the Faculté de Médecine de Paris is also discussed.
Composite materials for the extravehicular mobility unit (1992)

The extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), commonly known as the astronaut space suit assembly (SSA) and primary life support system (PLSS), has evolved through the years to incorporate new and innovative materials in order to meet the demands of the space environment. The space shuttle program which is seeing an increasing level of extravehicular activity (EVA), also called space walks, along with interest in an EMU for Lunar-Mars missions means even more demanding conditions are being placed on the suit and PLSS. The project for this NASA-ASEE Summer Program was to investigate new materials for these applications. The focus was to emphasize the use of composite materials for every component of the EMU to enhance the properties while reducing the total weight of the EMU. To accomplish this, development of new materials called fullerene reinforced materials (FRM's) was initiated. Fullerenes are carbon molecules which when added to a material significantly reduce the weight of that material. The Faculty Fellow worked directly on the development of the fullerene reinforced materials. A chamber for fullerene production was designed and assembled and first generation samples were processed. He also supervised with the JSC Colleague, a study of composite materials for the EMU conducted by the student participant in the NASA-ASEE Program, Hector Tello a Rice University graduate student, and by a NASA Aerospace Technologist (Materials Engineer) Evelyne Orndoff, in the Systems Engineering Analysis Office (EC7), also a Rice University graduate student. Hector Tello conducted a study on beryllium and Be alloys and initiated a study of carbon and glass reinforced composites for space applications. Evelyne Orndoff compiled an inventory of the materials on the SSA. Ms. Orndoff also reviewed SSA material requirements and cited aspects of the SSA design where composite materials might be further considered. Hector Tello spent part of his time investigating the solar radiation sensitivity of anodic coatings. This project was directed toward the effects of ultra-violet radiation on high emissivity anodic coatings. The work of both Evelyne Orndoff and Hector Tello is of interest to the Engineering Directorate at NASA/JSC and is also directed toward their research as Rice University graduate students.
Detailed characterization of caol-derived liquids from direct coal liquefaction on supported catalysts. (2010)

international
Photonic Quantum Cloud Computing (2014)

The photon’s mobility makes optical system ideally suited for delegated quantum computations. Here I will review recent experiments covering secure cloud computing, its verification and discuss briefly resource-efficient random walk computations.
Synthesis and evaluation of the biological activity of N′-[2-oxo-1,2 dihydro-3H-indol-3-ylidene] benzohydrazides as potential anticancer agents (2015)

New<italic>N</italic>′-[2-oxo-1,2-dihydro-3<italic>H</italic>-indol-3-ylidene]benzohydrazide derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic properties against murine leukemia, L1210, human leukemia, REH, K562 and CEM and human cervix carcinoma, HeLa cells.
Preparation and sensory perception of fat‐free foams – effect of matrix properties and level of aeration (2009)

Summary The sensory perception of fat‐free model foams with a consistency between pourable (liquid; xanthan thickened) and spoonable (semi‐solid; gelled; carrageenan thickened) and varying level of aeration was studied. At low air contents (5, 10% v/v) perception is largely determined by the matrix properties; the presence of air is hardly experienced. On the other hand, at high levels of aeration (80% v/v) perception is determined by bubble characteristics and the matrix plays a negligible role in perception. Bubbles were better noticeable in a semi‐solid, i.e. carrageenan matrix, than in liquid, i.e. xanthan‐based foams. In semi‐solid sucrose–ester carrageenan foams, large bubbles were perceived as more airy and less creamy, compared with the same compositions with smaller bubbles.
Adaptive optics in laser processing (2019)

Adaptive optics are becoming a valuable tool for laser processing, providing enhanced functionality and flexibility for a range of systems. Using a single adaptive element, it is possible to correct for aberrations introduced when focusing inside the workpiece, tailor the focal intensity distribution for the particular fabrication task and/or provide parallelisation to reduce processing times. This is particularly promising for applications using ultrafast lasers for three-dimensional fabrication. We review recent developments in adaptive laser processing, including methods and applications, before discussing prospects for the future.
Comparison of Anterior Nares Viral Loads in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Individuals Diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 in a University Screening Program (2022)

RT-qPCR has been used as the gold standard method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 since early in the pandemic. At our university based high throughput screening program, we test all members of our community weekly. RT-qPCR cycle threshold (CT) values are inversely proportional to the amount of viral RNA in a sample, and thus are a proxy for viral load. We hypothesized that CT values would be higher, and thus the viral loads at the time of diagnosis would be lower in individuals who were infected with the virus but remained asymptomatic throughout the course of the infection. We collected the N1 and N2 CT values from 1633 SARS-CoV-2 positive RT-qPCR tests of individuals sampled between August 7, 2020, and March 18, 2021, at the BU Clinical Testing Laboratory. We matched this data with symptom reporting data from our clinical team. We found that asymptomatic patients had CT values significantly higher than symptomatic individuals on the day of diagnosis. Symptoms were followed by the clinical team for 10 days post the first positive test. Within the entire population, 78.1% experienced at least one symptom during surveillance by the clinical team (n=1276/1633). Of those experiencing symptoms, the most common symptoms were nasal congestion (73%, n=932, 1276), cough (60.0%, n=761/1276), fatigue (59.0%, n=753/1276), and sore throat (53.1%, n=678/1276). The least common symptoms were diarrhea (12.5%, n=160/1276), dyspnea on exertion (DOE) (6.9%, n=88/1276), foot or skin changes (including rash) (4.2%, n=53/1276), and vomiting (2.1%, n= 27/1276). Presymptomatic individuals, those who were not symptomatic on the day of diagnosis but became symptomatic over the following 10 days, had CT values higher for both N1 (median= 27.1, IQR 20.2- 32.9) and N2 (median=26.6, IQR 20.1-32.8) than the symptomatic group N1 (median= 21.8, IQR 17.2- 29.4) and N2 (median= 21.4, IQR 17.3- 28.9) but lower than the asymptomatic group N1 (median=29.9, IQR 23.6-35.5) and N2 (median= 30.0, IQR 23.1- 35.7). This study supports the hypothesis that viral load in the anterior nares on the day of diagnosis is a measure of disease intensity at that time.
Memory-like innate response to booster vaccination with MF-59 adjuvanted influenza vaccine in children (2023)

The pediatric population receives the majority of vaccines globally, yet there is a paucity of studies on the transcriptional response induced by immunization in this special population. In this study, we performed a systems-level analysis of immune responses to the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine adjuvanted with MF-59 in children (15-24 months old) and in young, healthy adults. We analyzed transcriptional responses elicited by vaccination in peripheral blood, as well as cellular and antibody responses following primary and booster vaccinations. Our analysis revealed that primary vaccination induced a persistent transcriptional signature of innate immunity; booster vaccination induced a transcriptional signature of an enhanced memory-like innate response, which was consistent with enhanced activation of myeloid cells assessed by flow cytometry. Furthermore, we identified a transcriptional signature of type 1 interferon response post-booster vaccination and at baseline that was correlated with the local reactogenicity to vaccination and defined an early signature that correlated with the hemagglutinin antibody titers. These results highlight an adaptive behavior of the innate immune system in evoking a memory-like response to secondary vaccination and define molecular correlates of reactogenicity and immunogenicity in infants.
Full-fold, multi-source acquisition through shot isolation technology and its implications on productivity gains (2017)

Shot isolation enabled full-fold, multi-source acquisition is achieved by applying the novel technology of signal apparition to the encoding and decoding of fully superimposed shot records from non-distance separated sources. The introduction of periodically varying shot-to-shot modulation functions for encoding injects energy at predetermined positions within distinct wavenumber ranges, which then enables a deterministic decoding of individual shots in data processing. We demonstrate the method for single vessel operations, first on a dual source configuration for seabed acquisition, extracted from the SEG Advanced Modeling Program (SEAM) Phase I dataset, and then extend the methodology to triple-sources through the use of an emulated marine real data example from the North Sea. With shot isolation enabled multi-source acquisition being successfully applied in a marine and seabed seismic context, scope for significant productivity gains is created. Compared to established acquisition techniques, gains arise from the ability to acquire full-fold data in a shorter time frame without compromising the subsurface bin size. For marine seismic acquisition, this also implies that the number of towed streamers can be reduced, giving leeway to additional strategic considerations on subjects such as capital expenditures and the optimization of vessel deployment plans.
Performance Evaluation of Latent Variable Models with Sparse Priors (2007)

A variety of Bayesian methods have recently been introduced for finding sparse representations from overcomplete dictionaries of candidate features. These methods often capitalize on latent structure inherent in sparse distributions to perform standard MAP estimation, variational Bayes, approximation using convex duality, or evidence maximization. Despite their reliance on sparsity-inducing priors however, these approaches may or may not actually lead to sparse representations in practice, and so it is a challenging task to determine which algorithm and sparse prior is appropriate. Rather than justifying prior selections and modelling assumptions based on the credibility of the full Bayesian model as is commonly done, this paper bases evaluations on the actual cost functions that emerge from each method. Two minimal conditions are postulated that ideally any sparse learning objective should satisfy. Out of all possible cost functions that can be obtained from the methods described above using (virtually) any sparse prior, a unique function is derived that satisfies these conditions. Both sparse Bayesian learning (SBL) and basis pursuit (BP) are special cases. Later, all methods are shown to be performing MAP estimation using potentially non-factorable implicit priors, which suggests new sparse learning cost functions.
Yeast Genetics for Delineating Bax/Bc1 Pathway of Cell Death Regulation. (1997)

Abstract : Defects in the regulation of programmed cell death (apoptosis) play an important role in the pathogenesis of breast cancer, allowing neoplastic cells to survive far longer than their normal counterparts, and thus providing a mechanism for clonal expansion independent of increased cell division. Moreover, failures in normal apoptosis pathways contribute to carcinogenesis by creating a permissive environment for genetic instability and accumulation of gene mutations, promoting resistance to immune-based destruction, allowing disobeyance of cell cycle checkpoints which would normally induce apoptosis, facilitating growth factor/hormone-independent cell survival, allowing cell survival when detached from extracellular matrix during metastasis, reducing dependence on oxygen and nutrients, and conferring resistance to cytotoxic anticancer drugs and radiation. We discovered that expression of the proapoptosis gene BAX is lost in one-third of breast cancers, correlating with poor responses to chemotherapy and shorter survival for patients with metastatic disease. We also found that BAX gene transfer induced cell death not only in breast cancer cells but also yeast. Using yeast genetics approaches, we screened tumor cDNA libraries for suppressors of Bax, resulting in the discovery of a novel human Bax suppressor, BI-1. This anti apoptotic protein thus becomes a new potential drug-discovery target for inducing apoptosis in cancers.
Supplementary Table 1 from Myeloid Cells Obtained from the Blood but Not from the Tumor Can Suppress T-cell Proliferation in Patients with Melanoma (2023)

&lt;p&gt;PDF file, 51K, Peripheral blood myeloid subsets from melanoma patients (n=7) were stained and sorted and their suppressive activity was tested in a co-culture with autologous T cells activated with anti-CD3/anti-CD28 beads in duplicates. T cell proliferation was assessed by quantifying the percent of T cells that had not diluted the CFSE at day 4 and calculating the percent inhibition of T cell proliferation. Average percent inhibition � SEM are shown. Average of the cumulative data from the 7 patients is also shown.&lt;/p&gt;
Characterization of Precipitates by Three-Dimensional Electron Tomography (2007)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
RGB-D Object-to-CAD Retrieval (2018)

Recent advances in consumer-grade depth sensors have enable the collection of massive real-world 3D objects. Together with the rise of deep learning, it brings great potential for large-scale 3D object retrieval. In this challenge, we aim to study and evaluate the performance of 3D object retrieval algorithms with RGB-D data. To support the study, we expanded the previous ObjectNN dataset [HTT 17] to include RGB-D objects from both SceneNN [HPN 16] and ScanNet [DCS 17], with the CAD models from ShapeNetSem [CFG 15]. Evaluation results show that while the RGB-D to CAD retrieval problem is indeed challenging due to incomplete RGB-D reconstructions, it can be addressed to a certain extent using deep learning techniques trained on multi-view 2D images or 3D point clouds. The best method in this track has a 82% retrieval accuracy.
Phase-Matching in Dirac-Cone-Based Zero-Index Metamaterials (2016)

Using nonlinear scattering theory, we simulate nonlinear signal generation in 2-dimensional zero-index metamaterials based on a photonic Dirac cone at the G point. We observe unique phase-matching in multiple simultaneous directions as the index approaches zero.
Why Do Some Patients Have High Defibrillation Thresholds at Defibrillator Implantation? (1994)

Implantable cardioverter defibrillators reduce the risk of sudden cardiac death in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias. However, for the few patients with unacceptably high defibrillation thresholds at implantation the risk of sudden death may remain high. If a small number of defibrillation attempts are used to determine a defibrillation threshold, then a high defibrillation threshold may occur in some patients due to the probabilistic nature of defibrillation: a small percentage of shocks will fail even at optimal shock strengths. Basic investigations have suggested mechanisms for high defibrillation thresholds in other patients. The extracellular potential gradients produced by a shock correlate with ability to defibrillate and may be used to classify mechanisms for high defibrillation thresholds. Computerized mapping studies have demonstrated that extracellular potential gradient fields produced by defibrillation shocks are uneven with high gradient areas close to the electrodes and low gradient areas distant from the electrodes. A high defibrillation threshold may occur because: (1) a shock creates a subthreshold potential gradient in the low gradient areas; (2) a patient has a higher minimum potential gradient threshold than other patients; or (3) a shock leads to refibrillation in the high gradient areas. This article reviews experimental evidence to support each of these three possibilities then suggests experimental and clinical investigations that may clarify the causes of high defibrillation thresholds in patients.
Tunable d‐Band Centers of Ni5P4 Ultra‐Thin Nanosheets for Highly‐Efficient Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (2022)

Abstract Although the recent advance of ultra‐thin 2D nanosheets for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is remarkable, there are still substantial challenges to reliably control their physioelectric and electrochemical properties to employ as highly‐efficient electrocatalysts. Herein, based on complementary theoretical and experimental studies, the d‐band center position of ultra‐thin 2D Ni 5 P 4 nanosheets can be manipulated by simple heteroatom doping. Interestingly, the Fe‐doped nanosheets yield the lowest d‐band center position, but they do not display the optimal Gibbs free energy of adsorbed H atoms due to the imbalance of adsorption and desorption of adsorbed H atoms. With the proper Co doping (i.e., 20%), the nanosheets exhibit the best electrocatalytic performance along with an excellent stability. The overpotential is only 100.5 mV at 10 mA cm −2 with a Tafel slope of 65.8 mV dec −1 , which is superior than those of Fe‐doped, Cu‐doped, and pristine Ni 5 P 4 nanosheets. Ultraviolet photoelectron and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy further verify the downshift of d‐band centers of nanosheets by optimal doping, illustrating that Ni with the lower binding energy mainly dominates the active sites. All these results provide a valuable design scheme of dopants to control the d‐band center position of nanosheets for next‐generation highly‐efficient HER electrocatalysts.
On power reduction strategies for the multi-user downlink with decentralized receivers (2004)

For the multi-user-downlink with decentralized receivers we compare non-linear precoding schemes a la Costa's "Writing on Dirty Paper" with linear precoding. We show that suboptimal schemes like standard ranked known interference (RKI) and Tomlinson-Harashima-precoding (THP) can achieve a considerable transmit power reduction compared to linear channel inversion (LCI) or joint transmission (JT) and that joint transmit power further more, especially in bad conditioned channels or if the SINR requirements at the receiver are relaxed.
Local electrical stimulation of cultured embryonic cardiomyocytes with sub-micrometer nail structures (2008)

In this paper, we demonstrate the feasibility of selective extracellular electrical stimulation at the (sub)cellular level in dissociated cultured cells. Using a CMOS-compatible process, we have fabricated an electrode array with sub-micrometer nail probes. Due to their particular configuration, the nails are strongly engulfed by the cellular membrane. By measuring the calcium signals, we found that electrical stimulation via the micronails activates the cell locally, in a dose-dependent manner, with very low applied currents. The results suggest the applicability of the device in pharmacological or signal propagation studies.
The Coming Era of Microelectronics (1962)

Abstract : Solid-state electronics is now at the threshold of the era of microelectronics. The salient feature of microelectronics is integration typified by the functional device. A functional device consists of an interconnected array of conventional devices--transistors, diodes, capacitors, and resistors--fabricated in situ within a single crystal of silicon, with the capability of performing a complete electronic circuit function. The most promising applications of functional devices are in digital circuits and systems where they provide potential reliability, cost, size, and weight advantages over conventional circ it techniques. (Author)
Author retrospective for design tradeoffs for tiled CMP on-chip networks (2014)

In the eight years that have passed since we published "Design Tradeoffs for Tiled CMP On-Chip Networks," on-chip interconnection networks have become pervasive, as semiconductor scaling has allowed increasing numbers of processor cores and components to be integrated on a chip. The contributions of the paper, in particular the detailed technology models and the use of channel slicing and concentration to improve efficiency, remain as valid today as they were when we began the research that led to the paper. The network-on-chip (NoC) design methodology presented in the paper is widely used today. In this retrospective, we review the more significant contributions of the original paper, and comment on the impact it had on subsequent research.