gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of insulin receptors on the insulin‐independent variant 1246‐3A cell line (1988)

1246-3A cell line is an insulin-independent variant isolated from the adipogenic cell line 1246 which can proliferate in the absence of insulin, has lost the ability to differentiate, and secretes an insulin-related factor called IRF similar to pancreatic insulin and different from IGFs. In contrast, the parent adipogenic cell line 1246 is dependent on the presence of insulin to proliferate and differentiate in defined medium. In the present paper, we examined if the loss of response to insulin observed for 1246-3A cells was accompanied by alterations in the insulin receptor properties. Insulin binding and tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptors isolated from 1246-3A cells and from the parent cell line 1246 were measured; 125I-insulin binding to intact cells was 75% lower for the 1246-3A cells than for the 1246 cells. This was due to a decrease in receptor number without major change in receptor affinity. However, when the cells were solubilized in 1% Triton X-100 and the insulin receptor was partially purified by chromatography on wheat germ agglutinin-agarose, a similar pattern of binding was observed for both cell lines. Down regulation of insulin receptors by insulin occurred in a dose-dependent fashion, which was similar for both cell lines. Phosphorylation experiments were performed by incubation of the partially purified insulin receptor with insulin and [gamma-32P]ATP. They indicated that insulin stimulated phosphorylation of the 95-kDa molecular weight beta subunit of the receptor, in a similar fashion for both cell types. These data suggest that the insulin-independent cell line 1246-3A does not possess a specific defect in the insulin receptor which alters both its binding and autophosphorylation properties and that the loss of response to insulin can be attributed to the fact the 1246-3A cells secrete IRF which bind to cell surface receptors and stimulate their proliferation.
PcG Proteins, DNA Methylation, and Gene Repression by Chromatin Looping (2008)

Many DNA hypermethylated and epigenetically silenced genes in adult cancers are Polycomb group (PcG) marked in embryonic stem (ES) cells. We show that a large region upstream ( approximately 30 kb) of and extending approximately 60 kb around one such gene, GATA-4, is organized-in Tera-2 undifferentiated embryonic carcinoma (EC) cells-in a topologically complex multi-loop conformation that is formed by multiple internal long-range contact regions near areas enriched for EZH2, other PcG proteins, and the signature PcG histone mark, H3K27me3. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated depletion of EZH2 in undifferentiated Tera-2 cells leads to a significant reduction in the frequency of long-range associations at the GATA-4 locus, seemingly dependent on affecting the H3K27me3 enrichments around those chromatin regions, accompanied by a modest increase in GATA-4 transcription. The chromatin loops completely dissolve, accompanied by loss of PcG proteins and H3K27me3 marks, when Tera-2 cells receive differentiation signals which induce a approximately 60-fold increase in GATA-4 expression. In colon cancer cells, however, the frequency of the long-range interactions are increased in a setting where GATA-4 has no basal transcription and the loops encompass multiple, abnormally DNA hypermethylated CpG islands, and the methyl-cytosine binding protein MBD2 is localized to these CpG islands, including ones near the gene promoter. Removing DNA methylation through genetic disruption of DNA methyltransferases (DKO cells) leads to loss of MBD2 occupancy and to a decrease in the frequency of long-range contacts, such that these now more resemble those in undifferentiated Tera-2 cells. Our findings reveal unexpected similarities in higher order chromatin conformation between stem/precursor cells and adult cancers. We also provide novel insight that PcG-occupied and H3K27me3-enriched regions can form chromatin loops and physically interact in cis around a single gene in mammalian cells. The loops associate with a poised, low transcription state in EC cells and, with the addition of DNA methylation, completely repressed transcription in adult cancer cells.
Computer-controlled electron-beam writing system for thin film micro-optics (1987)

A computer-controlled electron-beam writing system has been developed. The system has various functions for fabricating thin film micro-optical devices. The ability of 0.1-μm patterning, smooth circular and elliptic scanning of an electron beam, and excellent blazing characteristics have been demonstrated. The system has been confirmed to be an efficient means for fabricating micro-optical devices.
Position Location for Futuristic Cellular Communications -- 5G and\n Beyond (2021)

With vast mmWave spectrum and narrow beam antenna technology, precise\nposition location is now possible in 5G and future mobile communication\nsystems. In this article, we describe how centimeterlevel localization accuracy\ncan be achieved, particularly through the use of map-based techniques. We show\nhow data fusion of parallel information streams, machine learning, and\ncooperative localization techniques further improve positioning accuracy.\n
The robot localization problem in two dimensions (1992)

We consider the following problem: given a simple polygon P and a star-shaped polygon V, find a point (or the set of points) in P from which the portion of P that is visible is congruent to V. The problem arises in the localization of robots using a range-finder—P is a map of a known environment, V is the portion visible from the robot's position, and the robot must use this information to determine its position in the map. We give a scheme that preprocesses P so that any subsequent query V is answered in optimal time O(m + log n + A), where m and n are the number of vertices in V and P, and A is the number of points in P that are valid answers (the output size). Our technique allows us to trade off smoothly between the query time and the preprocessing time or space. We also devise a data structure for output-sensitive determination of the visibility polygon of a query point inside a polygon P. We then consider a variant of the localization problem in which there is a maximum distance to which the robot can “see”—this is motivated by practical considerations, and we outline a similar solution for this case. We also show that a single localization query V can be answered in time O(mn) with no preprocessing.
HPCG Benchmark Technical Specification (2013)

The High Performance Conjugate Gradient (HPCG) benchmark [cite SNL, UTK reports] is a tool for ranking computer systems based on a simple additive Schwarz, symmetric Gauss-Seidel preconditioned conjugate gradient solver. HPCG is similar to the High Performance Linpack (HPL), or Top 500, benchmark [1] in its purpose, but HPCG is intended to better represent how today’s applications perform. In this paper we describe the technical details of HPCG: how it is designed and implemented, what code transformations are permitted and how to interpret and report results.
Tumor stiffness measured by 3D magnetic resonance elastography can help predict the aggressiveness of endometrial carcinoma: preliminary findings (2021)

Tumor stiffness measured by 3D MRE may be potentially useful for predicting tumor grade, FIGO stage and myometrial invasion of EC and can aid in the preoperative risk stratification of EC.
Thermal/Hyperbaric Heterocycloaddition of 1,4-Dialkoxy-1,3-dienes:  The de novo (E,Z) Way to Sugars (2002)

1-(Z)-Alkoxy-4-(E)-methoxybutadiene derivatives have been reacted with ethylgyoxylate and diethyl ketomalonate under thermal or hyperbaric conditions. They provide, with a total regioselectivity and fair to total endoselectivities, the expected dihydropyranic cycloadducts. Three of those pseudo-glycals have been converted in a few classical steps (deprotection, reduction, and dihydroxylation) into (racemic) allose, mannose, and gullose derivatives. The order of these three steps has a direct influence on the efficiency of the transformation and determines the stereochemistry of the final sugar.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Sterically Remote Substituents on π‐Facial Stereoselectivity in Additions to Methylenecyclohexanes. (1988)

Abstract In addition to the reaction shown in the scheme, the oxidation of (I) with m‐chloroperoxybenzoic acid followed by reduction and the catalytic osmylation of (I) with subsequent methylation of the resulting diols lead to the methyl carbinols (II) and (III).
Modelling and characterization of optical micromachined ultrasound sensors with a silicon photonic ring resonator in a buckled acoustical membrane (2018)

Future applications of ultrasonography in (bio-)medical imaging require ultrasound sensor matrices with small sensitive elements. Promising are opto-mechanical ultrasound sensors (OMUS) based on a silicon photonic ring resonator embedded in a silicondioxide acoustical membrane. This work presents new OMUS modelling: acoustomechanical non-linear FEM and photonic circuit equations. We show that initial wafer stress needs to be considered in the design: the acoustical resonance frequency changes considerably and OMUS sensitivity differs for up- or downwards buckled membranes. Simulated acoustical resonance frequency agrees well with measurements, assuming realistic SOI wafer stress. Measured sensitivity showed large device-to-device variation and simulations agree within this order of magnitude. We conclude that careful modeling of stress is necessary for the design of robust and sensitive sensors.
Synthetic Phosphorus Metabolic Pathway for Biosafety and Contamination Management of Cyanobacterial Cultivation (2018)

Recent progress in genetic engineering and synthetic biology have greatly expanded the production capabilities of cyanobacteria, but concerns regarding biosafety issues and the risk of contamination of cultures in outdoor culture conditions remain to be resolved. With this dual goal in mind, we applied the recently established biological containment strategy based on phosphite (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>3</sub>, Pt) dependency to the model cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 ( Syn 7942). Pt assimilation capability was conferred on Syn 7942 by the introduction of Pt dehydrogenase (PtxD) and hypophosphite transporter (HtxBCDE) genes that allow the uptake of Pt, but not phosphate (H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>, Pi). We then identified and disrupted the two indigenous Pi transporters, pst (Synpcc7942_2441 to 2445) and pit (Synpcc7942_0184). The resultant strain failed to grow on any media containing various types of P compounds other than Pt. The strain did not yield any escape mutants for at least 28 days with a detection limit of 3.6 × 10<sup>-11</sup> per colony forming unit, and rapidly lost viability in the absence of Pt. Moreover, growth competition of the Pt-dependent strain with wild-type cyanobacteria revealed that the Pt-dependent strain could dominate in cultures containing Pt as the sole P source. Because Pt is rarely available in aquatic environments this strategy can contribute to both biosafety and contamination management of genetically engineered cyanobacteria.
Development of wide-band middle ear transmission in the Mongolian gerbil (2002)

(a) middle-ear vibrations in adult gerbils do not limit the input to the cochlea up to at least 40 kHz, i.e., within 0.5 oct of the high-frequency cutoff of the behavioral audiogram; and (b) the results in both adult and neonatal gerbils are inconsistent with the hypothesis that mass reactance controls high-frequency ossicular vibrations and support the idea that the middle ear functions as a transmission line.
Vascular Anomalies (Part I): Classification and Diagnostics of Vascular Anomalies (2018)

· Sadick M, Müller-Wille R, Wildgruber M et al. Vascular Anomalies (Part I): Classification and Diagnostics of Vascular Anomalies. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2018; 190: 825 - 835.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Chronic Prostatitis/Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndrome (2005)

To discuss challenges concerning treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS) and review complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies being evaluated for this condition, we performed a comprehensive search of articles published from 1990-2005 using the PubMed, Medline databases. Data from the articles were abstracted and pooled by subject. Keywords cross-searched with CP/CPPS included: complementary, alternative, integrative, therapies, interventions, nutrition, antioxidants, herbs, supplements, biofeedback and acupuncture. Listed articles with no abstracts were not included. Various CAM therapies for CP/CPPS exist including biofeedback, acupuncture, hyperthermia and electrostimulation. Additionally, a variety of in vitro and in vivo studies testing herbal and nutritional supplements were found. Saw palmetto, cernilton and quercetin were the most frequently tested supplements for CP/CPPS. Although many CAM therapies demonstrate positive preliminary observations as prospective treatments for CP/CPPS, further exploratory studies including more randomized, controlled trials are necessary for significant validation as treatment options for this complex disorder.
Posterior probability of linkage analysis of autism dataset identifies linkage to chromosome 16 (2020)

To apply phenotypic and statistical methods designed to account for heterogeneity to linkage analyses of the autism Collaborative Linkage Study of Autism (CLSA) affected sibling pair families.
Palladium-Catalyzed Coupling Reactions of Tetrafluoroethylene with Arylzinc Compounds (2011)

Organofluorine compounds are widely used in all aspects of the chemical industry. Although tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) is an example of an economical bulk organofluorine feedstock, the use of TFE is mostly limited to the production of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) and copolymers with other alkenes. Furthermore, no catalytic transformation of TFE that involves carbon-fluorine bond activation has been reported to date. We herein report the first example of a palladium-catalyzed coupling reaction of TFE with arylzinc reagents in the presence of lithium iodide, giving α,β,β-trifluorostyrene derivatives in excellent yields.
MATERIALS (2006)

No AccessInternational Plastics HandbookJun 2006MATERIALSTim A. Osswald, Erwin Baur, Sigrid Brinkmann, Karl Oberbach, Ernst SchmachtenbergTim A. Osswald, Erwin Baur, Sigrid Brinkmann, Karl Oberbach, Ernst Schmachtenberghttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446407923.006SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn previous chapternext chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2006Pages: 507-699Print ISBN: 978-3-446-22905-1eISBN: 978-3-446-40792-3 Copyright & Permissions© 2006 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
In-silico Assessment of Preventive Hypotreatment Efficacy and Development of a Continuous Glucose Monitoring Based Algorithm to Prevent/Mitigate Hypoglycemia in Type 1 Diabetes (2019)

In Type 1 diabetes (T1D) standard treatment, the mitigation of hypoglycemia is achieved by the assumption of small amounts of carbohydrates (CHO), called hypotreatments (HTs), as soon as hypoglycemia is revealed. However, since CHO takes time to reach the blood stream, hypoglycemia cannot be totally avoided. Our purpose is to evaluate in-silico the effectiveness of preventive HTs and to propose a new real-time algorithm for the mitigation/avoidance of hypoglycemia, based on continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) sensor data. To such a purpose, the algorithm exploits the "dynamic risk" non linear-function that, by combining CGM value and trend, allows predicting the forthcoming hypoglycemic event. The algorithm is tested in an ideal noise-free environment on 100 virtual subjects (VSs) generated by the UVA/Padova T1D simulator and undergoing a single-meal experiment, with induced post-meal hypoglycemia. Compared to a reference HT rule, which suggest to assume HTs when hypoglycemia is detected, the algorithm reduces, on median [25<sup>th</sup> - 75<sup>th</sup> percentiles], both the time spent in hypoglycemia (from 36 [29 - 43] min to 10 [0 - 20] min) and the post-treatment rebound (from 136 [121 - 148] mg/dl to 114 [98 - 130] mg/dl). In conclusion, the proposed real-time algorithm efficiently generates preventive HTs that allow to almost totally avoid hypoglycemia. Future work will concern to modify the algorithm for detecting in advance the severity of the hypoglycemic episode -since performance are influenced on the hypoglycemic episode aggressiveness level- and to assess algorithm in a more challenging environment, including CGM measurement error.
Correction to Monolithically Integrated InGaAs Nanowires on 3D Structured Silicon-on-Insulator as a New Platform for Full Optical Links (2016)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionCorrection to Monolithically Integrated InGaAs Nanowires on 3D Structured Silicon-on-Insulator as a New Platform for Full Optical LinksHyunseok Kim, Alan C. Farrell, Pradeep Senanayake, Wook-Jae Lee*, and Diana. L. HuffakerCite this: Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 4, 2896Publication Date (Web):March 31, 2016Publication History Published online31 March 2016Published inissue 13 April 2016https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00913https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.6b00913correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2016 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views705Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (106 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Monodentate Non-C2-symmetric Chiral N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes for Enantioselective Synthesis. Cu-Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Aryl- and Alkenylsilylfluorides to Cyclic Enones (2009)

A new class of enantioselective conjugate addition (ECA) reactions that involve aryl- or alkenylsilyl fluoride reagents and are catalyzed by chiral non-C(2)-symmetric Cu-based N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) complexes are disclosed. Transformations have been designed based on the principle that a catalytically active chiral NHC-Cu-aryl or NHC-Cu-alkenyl complex can be accessed from reaction of a Cu-halide precursor with in situ-generated aryl- or alkenyltetrafluorosilicate. Reactions proceed in the presence of 1.5 equiv of the aryl- or alkenylsilane reagents and 1.5 equiv of tris(dimethylamino)sulfonium difluorotrimethylsilicate (TASF). Desired products are isolated in 63-97% yield and 73.5:26.5-98.5:1.5 enantiomeric ratio (47%-97% ee). A major focus of the present studies is the design, evaluation, and development of new chiral imidazolinium salts and their derived NHC-Cu complexes as catalysts that promote reactions of various carbosilanes to a range of electrophilic substrates. Toward this end, nearly 20 new chiral monodentate imidazolinium salts, most of which are non-C(2)-symmetric, have been prepared and fully characterized and their ability to serve as catalysts in the ECA reactions has been investigated.
Prognostic variables to predict cancer‐related death in incidental renal tumours (2008)

A significant proportion of incidental renal tumours can lead to the death of the patient. Standard prognostic variables for renal cell carcinoma appear to remain valid for this subset of patients. A watchful-waiting strategy should not be recommended if the tumour diameter is >4 cm, if biopsy confirms high-grade tumours, or if there is an impaired ECOG PS, or computed tomography findings suggest the presence of advanced T stage.
Welcome message from general chair (2014)

It gives me great pleasure to welcome you to the 2014 IEEE Transportation Electrification Conference and Expo (ITEC'14). ITEC is aimed at helping the industry in the transition from conventional vehicles to advanced electrified vehicles. The conference is focused on components, systems, standards, and grid interface technologies, related to efficient power conversion for all types of electrified transportation, including electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (EVs, HEVs, and PHEVs) as well as heavy-duty, rail, and off-road vehicles and airplanes and ships.
Thermal Modeling of Li-ion Battery Pack with Active vs. Passive Thermal Management (2007)

Abstract not Available.
Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning Using Graph-Based Memory Reconstruction (2023)

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms typically require orders of magnitude more interactions than humans to learn effective policies. Research on memory in neuroscience suggests that humans' learning efficiency benefits from associating their experiences and reconstructing potential events. Inspired by this finding, we introduce a human brainlike memory structure for agents and build a general learning framework based on this structure to improve the RL sampling efficiency. Since this framework is similar to the memory reconstruction process in psychology, we name the newly proposed RL framework as graph-based memory reconstruction (GBMR). In particular, GBMR first maintains an attribute graph on the agent's memory and then retrieves its critical nodes to build and update potential paths among these nodes. This novel pipeline drives the RL agent to learn faster with its memory-enhanced value functions and reduces interactions with the environment by reconstructing its valuable paths. Extensive experimental analyses and evaluations in the grid maze and some challenging Atari environments demonstrate GBMRs superiority over traditional RL methods. We will release the source code and trained models to facilitate further studies in this research direction.