gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full-field swept-source phase microscopy (2006)

We present a full-field phase microscopy technique, motivated by swept-source Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography, for quantitative nanoscale two-dimensional profiling of sample surfaces and internal structures. The optical configuration consisted of a common path interferometer, illuminating the sample with a collimated beam and detecting the back-scattered light on a 2D CCD camera. A tunable fiber Fabry Perot filter was used to sweep a narrow band (0.07nm) through the 47nm FWHM bandwidth of a superluminescent diode source. The full field of view was recorded for each discrete wavelength step, generating a spectrally indexed interferometric data cube mapping each pixel to a point on the sample. A three dimensional volume was generated by performing the discrete Fourier transform along the spectral axis. Sub-coherence length variation across a depth slice was obtained by examining the phase of the Fourier transformed data set at the selected depth. The phase stability of the system was measured to be 1.3nm for high SNR surface features. The nanoscale imaging potential of this system was demonstrated by measuring the height of patterned chrome on a USAF resolution target, the location of receptor sites on a DNA assay biochip, and the surface topography of erythrocytes in a blood smear.
Cross talk between bistable elements on an InSb étalon (1988)

Cross talk due to transverse carrier diffusion between identical bistable elements on an InSb étalon at 80 K is studied both theoretically and experimentally. Measurements of cross talk between two such elements show that typically, for a practical system, a critical separation of a few diffusion lengths between beam centers is necessary for independent operation. When the difference between holding and switching powers approaches zero, the results show that the critical distance diverges. Delays as great as 4 μsec have been observed when one element is switched and its neighbor is induced to switch through the cross-talk mechanism. These delays can be partially attributed to critical slowing down, and, in principle, they diverge as the interelement distance is increased toward the critical separation. A theoretical model based on the diffusion equation for the single-pass nonlinear phase shift shows how the critical separation depends on physical parameters and the number of elements forming an array. We found that the relevant interaction is essentially limited to nearest neighbors. When the theory is applied to two bistable elements, good agreement is obtained with the experiments in both the steady and the dynamic states.
Racial Differences in Retinal Vessel Geometric Characteristics: A Multiethnic Study in Healthy Asians (2013)

We found that among ethnic groups composed of healthy Chinese, Malay, and Indians, there were statistically significant differences in several retinal parameters. There exist racial influences in retinal vascular parameters and other yet unknown or unmeasured environmental factor or lifestyle habits and genetic variations not related to race that may also contribute to these differences.
Assessment on Linearity Errors in Detectors for Interferometric Radiometers (2008)

The performance of the power detectors used to denormalize the digital correlations in interferometric radiometers is degraded due to the non-linear behavior of the diode response. This work presents a comprehensive analysis of the impact of detector non-linearity and related correction techniques in the performance of the MIRAS (Microwave Imaging Radiometer with Aperture Synthesis) instrument, which is the single payload of the European Space Agency (ESA) Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) mission.
Determination of single nucleotide variants in Escherichia coli DH5α by using short-read sequencing (2015)

Escherichia coli DH5α is a common laboratory strain that provides an important platform for routine use in cloning and synthetic biology applications. Many synthetic circuits have been constructed and successfully expressed in E. coli DH5α; however, its genome sequence has not been determined yet. Here, we determined E. coli DH5α genome sequence and identified genetic mutations that affect its phenotypic functions by using short-read sequencing. The sequencing results clearly described the genotypes of E. coli DH5α, which aid in further studies using the strain. Additionally, we observed 105 single nucleotide variants (SNVs), 83% of which were detected in protein-coding regions compared to the parental strain E. coli DH1. Interestingly, 23% of the protein-coding regions have mutations in their amino acid residues, whose biological functions were categorized into two-component systems, peptidoglycan biosynthesis and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis. These results underscore the advantages of E. coli DH5α, which tolerates the components of transformation buffer and expresses foreign plasmids efficiently. Moreover, these SNVs were also observed in the commercially available strain. These data provide the genetic information of E. coli DH5α for its future application in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology.
Diffusion velocity correlation for nuclear graphite gasification at high temperature and low Reynolds numbers (2012)

The safety analysis of High-Temperature and Very High Temperature gas-cooled Reactors requires reliable estimates of nuclear graphite gasification as a function of temperature, among other parameters, in the unlikely event of an air ingress accident. Although the rates of the prevailing chemical reactions increase exponentially with temperature, graphite gasification at high temperatures is limited by the oxygen diffusion through the boundary layer. The effective diffusion velocity depends on the total flow rate and pressure of the bulk air-gas mixture. This paper develops a semi-empirical Sherwood number correlation for calculating the oxygen diffusion velocity. The correlation is based on a compiled database of the results of convective heat transfer experiments with wires and cylinders of different diameters in air, water and paraffin oil at 0.006 {<=} Re {<=} 1,604 and 0.068 {<=} Sc {<=} 35.2, and of mass transfer experiments at 4.8 {<=} Re {<=} 77 and 1,300 {<=} Sc {<=} 2,000. The developed correlation is within {+-} 8% of the compiled database of 567 data points and consistent with reported gasification rate measurements at higher temperatures in experiments using different size specimens of nuclear graphite grades of NBG-18 and NB-25, IG-11, IG-110 and IG-430 in atmospheric air at 0.08 {<=}more » Re {<=} 30. Unlike the Graetz solution that gives a constant Sh of 3.66 at Re {<=} 1.0, the present correlation shows Sh decreases monotonically to much lower values with decreasing Re. (authors)« less
<title>Human performance evaluation of isometric and elastic rate controllers in a six-degree-of-freedom tracking task</title> (1993)

The control feel of the master controller in a telemanipulation system has a critical effect on human-machine system performance. Many theoretical and practical human factors issues on hand controller design and selection remain to be explored. In this paper, two types of hand controllers, elastic versus isometric rate controllers, were studied in a 6 degree-of-freedom pursuit tracking experiment. Twenty-six subjects participated in the experiment. The results showed that the elastic rate controller facilitated significantly lower tracking error than the isometric rate controller, presumably due to richer proprioceptive feedback afforded by the elastic device. It was also found that, although the elastic controller was superior to the isometric controller in general, the magnitude of performance differences between the two controller decreased as subjects gained more experience, supporting the theory that human manipulation shifts from more closed-loop behavior towards open loop skills.
On the Robustness of Controlled Deep Reinforcement Learning for Slice Placement (2021)

The evaluation of the impact of using Machine Learning in the management of softwarized networks is considered in multiple research works. Beyond that, we propose to evaluate the robustness of online learning for optimal network slice placement. A major assumption to this study is to consider that slice request arrivals are non-stationary. In this context, we simulate unpredictable network load variations and compare two Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) algorithms: a pure DRL-based algorithm and a heuristically controlled DRL as a hybrid DRL-heuristic algorithm, to assess the impact of these unpredictable changes of traffic load on the algorithms performance. We conduct extensive simulations of a large-scale operator infrastructure. The evaluation results show that the proposed hybrid DRL-heuristic approach is more robust and reliable in case of unpredictable network load changes than pure DRL as it reduces the performance degradation. These results are follow-ups for a series of recent research we have performed showing that the proposed hybrid DRL-heuristic approach is efficient and more adapted to real network scenarios than pure DRL.
Absolute photonic band gaps in 12-fold symmetric photonic quasicrystals (2001)

A recent publication [Nature (London) 404, 740 (2000)] claimed that absolute photonic gaps can be realized in 12-fold quasicrystalline arrangement of small airholes in a matrix of silicon nitride or glass. The result is rather surprising since silicon nitride $(n=2.02)$ and in particular, glass $(n=1.45)$ have rather low refractive index. In this work, we have studied the transmission properties of the same systems by using the multiple-scattering method. We found that the 12-fold triangle-square tiling is indeed very good for the realization of photonic gaps and we found absolute gaps in systems with airholes in dielectric, dielectric cylinders in air, and metal cylinders in air. However, for the case of air-holes in a dielectric background, absolute gaps appear only when the dielectric contrast is sufficiently high, and both silicon nitride and glass have refractive indices below the threshold.
iNKT Cells Suppress the CD8+ T Cell Response to a Murine Burkitt’s-Like B Cell Lymphoma (2012)

The T cell response to B cell lymphomas differs from the majority of solid tumors in that the malignant cells themselves are derived from B lymphocytes, key players in immune response. B cell lymphomas are therefore well situated to manipulate their surrounding microenvironment to enhance tumor growth and minimize anti-tumor T cell responses. We analyzed the effect of T cells on the growth of a transplantable B cell lymphoma and found that iNKT cells suppressed the anti-tumor CD8(+) T cell response. Lymphoma cells transplanted into syngeneic wild type (WT) mice or Jalpha18(-/-) mice that specifically lack iNKT cells grew initially at the same rate, but only the mice lacking iNKT cells were able to reject the lymphoma. This effect was due to the enhanced activity of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells in the absence of iNKT cells, and could be partially reversed by reconstitution of iNKT cells in Jalpha 18(-/-) mice. Treatment of tumor-bearing WT mice with alpha -galactosyl ceramide, an activating ligand for iNKT cells, reduced the number of tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. In contrast, lymphoma growth in CD1d1(-/-) mice that lack both iNKT and type II NKT cells was similar to that in WT mice, suggesting that type II NKT cells are required for full activation of the anti-tumor immune response. This study reveals a tumor-promoting role for iNKT cells and suggests their capacity to inhibit the CD8(+) T cell response to B cell lymphoma by opposing the effects of type II NKT cells.
Aberrantly Methylated Gene Marker Levels in Stool: Effects of Demographic, Exposure, Body Mass, and Other Patient Characteristics (2012)

Background: Selected aberrantly methylated genes represent sensitive candidate stool markers for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We assessed the impact of demographic, exposure, body mass, and other patient variables on stool levels of highly informative methylated gene markers — BMP3, NDRG4, vimentin, and TFPI2. Methods: We studied freezer-archived stools from 500 patients with normal colonoscopy (median age 64 (range 44-85); 53% women). On supernatants from thawed aliquots, target gene sequences were purified by hybrid capture; bisulfite treated, and assayed using the analytically-sensitive QuARTS method (quantitative allele-specific real-time target and signal amplification). The reference human gene β-actin was assayed along with the 4 methylated genes. Results: Only age significantly influenced all methylated marker levels in stool (p<0.0001 for each). The relative increase per standard deviation of age was greatest with TFPI2 at 49.4% and least with BMP3 at only 0.21%; levels of β-actin did not change across age. Other demographic variables (sex, race, and residence), exposures (smoking, alcohol, or analgesic use), family or personal history of colorectal neoplasia, body mass, and diabetes mellitus had no effect on methylated marker levels. Conclusions: Although stool levels of candidate methylated markers increase with age to variable extents, most common clinical covariates have no effect. Impact: These findings have important implications on CRC screening compliance, as patients using a stool test that incorporates these markers would not have to make life-style or medication adjustments. Furthermore, age effect can be mitigated by adjustment of cut-off levels based on age or by selection of markers least influenced by age.
Erratum: Chemically Induced Conductance Switching in Carbon Nanotube Circuits [Phys. Rev. Lett.97, 016601 (2006)] (2007)

It has come to our attention that the caption for Fig. The ''flat, zero conductance state'' described in Fig. Unpassivated Au contact electrodes exhibit an electrochemical oxidation peak centered around V WE 0:25 V (vs Pt), and such a peak in the raw data has been separated out to obtain the SWNT conductance plotted in panel (a). Figs. Beginning from an insulating state, the SWNT is sequentially reduced to a conducting state, oxidized to an insulating state, reduced, and oxidized again. This cycling between conductive and insulating behavior is described in the main text as a ''redox cycle'' and the figure depicts the relevant jumps in conductance. The caption was not meant to imply that the ''complete'' data set for the sample was shown. In fact, the full data set contains four redox cycles involving hundreds of seconds of both oxidation and reduction. For the particular device in Figs. We regret causing possible confusion but note that none of the conclusions of the Letter are affected.
Isothermal Titration Calorimetry of Chiral Polymeric Nanoparticles (2015)

Chiral polymeric nanoparticles are of prime importance, mainly due to their enantioselective potential, for many applications such as catalysis and chiral separation in chromatography. In this article we report on the preparation of chiral polymeric nanoparticles by miniemulsion polymerization. In addition, we describe the use of isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to measure the chiral interactions and the energetics of the adsorption of enantiomers from aqueous solutions onto chiral polymeric nanoparticles. The characterization of chirality in nano-systems is a very challenging task; here, we demonstrate that ITC can be used to accurately determine the thermodynamic parameters associated with the chiral interactions of nanoparticles. The use of ITC to measure the energetics of chiral interactions and recognition at the surfaces of chiral nanoparticles can be applied to other nanoscale chiral systems and can provide further insight into the chiral discrimination processes of nanomaterials.
Effects of Tracer Arrival Time on the Accuracy of High-Resolution (Voxel-Wise) Myocardial Perfusion Maps from Contrast-Enhanced First-Pass Perfusion Magnetic Resonance (2014)

First-pass perfusion cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR) allows the quantitative assessment of myocardial blood flow(MBF). However, flow estimates are sensitive to the delay between the arterial and myocardial tissue tracer arrival time (tOnset) and the accurate estimation of MBF relies on the precise identification of tOnset . The aim of this study is to assess the sensitivity of the quantification process to tOnset at voxel level. Perfusion data were obtained from series of simulated data, a hardware perfusion phantom, and patients. Fermi deconvolution has been used for analysis. A novel algorithm, based on sequential deconvolution,which minimizes the error between myocardial curves and fitted curves obtained after deconvolution, has been used to identify the optimal tOnset for each region. Voxel-wise analysis showed to be more sensitive to tOnset compared to segmental analysis. The automated detection of the tOnset allowed a net improvement of the accuracy of MBF quantification and in patients the identification of perfusion abnormalities in territories that were missed when a constant user-selected tOnset was used. Our results indicate that high-resolution MBF quantification should be performed with optimized tOnset values at voxel level.
Effects of Surface Tension on the Dislocation Structures of Diblock Copolymers (1996)

Cross-sectional and plane view TEM, in conjunction with atomic force microscopy (AFM), was used to study the dislocations produced within PS−PVP diblock copolymer films. The results showed that islands or holes on the surface of multilayer films were produced by prismatic loop dislocations with a screw component in the layers below the surface. Only the contours at the vacuum surface obtained by AFM could be fit with classical elasticity theory. Flattening of the surface by the surface tension when the films were ordered on a silicon substrate induced a large amount of compression in the lamella beneath the surface. In films less than 3/2 lamellar layers thick, this compression is shown to induce a transition from lamellar to perpendicular cylinders at the edge of the island or holes. This transition was suppressed when the diblock copolymer molecular weight was decreased or when the films were ordered at a low surface tension interface. A qualitative model which estimates the degree of chain stretching induced by the surface tension is proposed to explain these effects.
3D Characterization of Graphite Morphologies in Cast Iron (2007)

This article presents for the first time a full 3D characterization of irregular graphite morphologies in cast iron using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) tomography. It provides the new basis for understanding the different growth mechanisms and the limits of graphite classification used in common 2D strategies. Thus, the accuracy of the graphite classification could be estimated. In addition, the stereological parameters of the 3D structure can be directly obtained.
A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of a novel mouth rinse in patients with gingivitis (2022)

Among patients with gingivitis, the novel mouth rinse significantly reduced re-accumulation of supragingival plaque following dental prophylaxis by depleting supragingival plaque microbiome. However, long-term adherence to the rinse may be limited by adverse effects ( ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT03154021).
Structurally optimised BODIPY derivatives for imaging of mitochondrial dysfunction in cancer and heart cells (2016)

The structural features required for mitochondrial uptake of BODIPY-based optical imaging agents have been explored. The first derivatives of this class of dyes shown to have mitochondrial membrane potential-dependent uptake in both cancer and heart cells have been developed.
Association and activation of Btk and Tec tyrosine kinases by gp130, a signal transducer of the interleukin-6 family of cytokines (1995)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6), leukemia inhibitory factor, oncostatin M, IL-11, and ciliary neurotrophic factor constitute the IL-6 family of cytokines and play important roles in hematopoiesis, immune response, and nervous system. The receptors for the IL-6 family of cytokines share gp130 through which signals are generated, although the cytoplasmic region of gp130 does not contain any catalytic domain. In this study we show that in addition to Jak family tyrosine kinase, the stimulation of gp130 by IL-6 plus soluble IL-6 receptor alpha induced the activation of Btk and Tec tyrosine kinases, whereas IL-3 and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor activated Tec but not Btk in a pro-B cell line. Furthermore, both Btk and Tec kinases were associated with gp130 without the ligand stimulation. Because Btk is a critical tyrosine kinase for B lymphopoiesis and Tec is considered to be involved in hematopoiesis, the results suggest the involvement of gp130-Btk-Tec signal pathway in early lymphohematopoiesis.
Long-term maintenance of sterility in single-use syringes (2006)

Syringes used for the preparation of sterile doses are disposable and intended for single use. Such syringes are not intended for the long-term storage of sterile fluids. This letter reports one experience in which the ability of such syringes to preserve the sterility of their contents over time
Lithostratigraphy and source potential of Keweenawan rocks in Mid-Continent rift (1989)

In the aftermath of Amoco's deep test in the Mid-Continent rift, exploration moves slowly forward in this potentially vast hydrocarbon province. Important questions are being asked about the source potential of the 1 billion year-old lacustrine shale known only from its presence in the Lake Superior district. Specifically, is there enough source rock distributed in the rift to generate significant reserves Did maturation occur so long ago that subsequent tectonism and erosion preclude its present existence Did thermal activity associated with rifting destroy the source potential in the rift If not, can the authors determine what portions of the rift are most prospective Although few data are available to answer such questions, petrographic studies coupled with stratigraphic and burial history modeling of the Keweenawan source from Michigan offer important information to the explorationists. Results indicate that significant amounts of source rock are likely available throughout the Mid-Continent rift. Additionally, the rift may be partitioned into oil-prone and gas-prone regions.
How Gender Affects Psychological Adjustment One Year After Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (1998)

This research investigated gender differences in psychological adjustment among patients (112 males, 39 females) one year after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). Information regarding post-CABG depression, non-cardiac chronic conditions, and socioeconomic variables were obtained from a survey. Additional cardiac, surgical, and demographic data were retrieved from a hospital computer database. Women were more likely than men to experience postoperative depression, attributable to their poor health. Depression one year post-CABG was predicted by non-cardiac chronic illnesses, postoperative fatigue and shortness of breath and socioeconomic status.
Figure S2 from Radiotherapy and Immunotherapy Promote Tumoral Lipid Oxidation and Ferroptosis via Synergistic Repression of SLC7A11 (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Figure S2 shows that CD8+ T cells can promote radiotherapy induced ferroptosis via secreting IFNgamma&lt;/p&gt;