gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Challenges toward the application of high-speed digital signaling to multi-drop transmission system with reflection compensation lines (2020)

Waveform distortion due to reflections in high-speed digital signaling is a classical issue of the signal integrity especially for the multi-drop transmission system. In general, the reflection characteristics and improvement measures of the multi-drop transmission strongly depend on the topology of the system in question, such as bus-configuration, star, ring, and so on. In this paper, we discuss a method of RCL (Reflection Compensation Line), formally reported in [6] as a reflection cancelling scheme, that can be applied to the bus-type multi-drop transmission system, whose length of main bus segments and stub lines are all isometric. Assuming practical application of our RCL technique to high-speed digital signaling, data rate of over 10Gbps, the optimal set of transmission parameters are deduced by means of numerical optimization algorithm, and the performance of the RCL is discussed.
Substituent Effects on Torsional Strain in Cyclopentene Derivatives: A Computational Study (2023)

Density functional theory calculations were used to create a library of ring strain energies (RSEs) for 73 cyclopentene derivatives with potential use as monomers for ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP). An overarching goal was to probe how substituent choice may influence torsional strain, which is the driving force for ROMP and one of the most understudied types of RSEs. Potential trends investigated include substituent location, size, electronegativity, hybridization, and steric bulk. Using traditional and recently developed homodesmotic equations, our results show that the size and substitution (bulk) of the atom directly bonded to the ring have the greatest influence on torsional RSE. A complex interplay between bond length, bond angle, and dihedral angle dictates the relative eclipsed conformations between the substituent and its neighboring hydrogens and was found to be responsible for the notable differences in RSEs. Furthermore, substituents placed on the homoallylic position resulted in higher RSEs than the same substituent placed on the allylic position due to increased eclipsing interactions. Different levels of theory were also assessed, and it was determined that consideration of electron correlation in calculations increased RSEs by ∼2-5 kcal mol<sup>-1</sup>. Further increasing the level of theory did not significantly change RSEs, indicating that the increased computational cost and time may not be necessary for improved accuracy.
Failure Mode Analysis of Li-Ion Batteries Using In Situ Scanning Electron Microscopy (2014)

High cycle life is a key component that any lithium-ion battery technology must achieve in order to obtain a commercial success. In this regard, multiple electrochemical (Impedance, ASI, floating current, etc.) and non-electrochemical techniques (XRD, FT-IR, SEM/TEM, etc.) are used and developed. The most complete techniques involved measurement while the battery is cycling (in situ experiment). Among them, in-situ SEM/TEM is able to focus on the same region/particle over the all range of oxidation/reduction. Hydro-Quebec has developed a complete expertise for in-situ techniques, especially in situ SEM. Lithium Polymer Battery (LPB), an all solid battery, is the preferred battery configuration for SEM in-situ experiment. We present in Figure 1 micrographs taken during in-situ experiment of a LPB (Li/PEO based SPE/Li1.2V3O8 based cathode) showing the variation in thickness for the Li, SPE and cathode layers with the cell voltage. Only the Li thickness shows an important variation during plating and unplating. The Li plating rate can also be measured. This experiment can clearly be used to better understand the Li plating mechanism. In figure 2 we present micrographs taken during an in-situ SEM cycling of a Li/PEO based SPE/SiO cell using backscattered electron signal. We clearly see an important decrease in the BSE intensity as a function of the cell voltage as a result of the Si phase transformation upon cycling (upon Li ‘insertion’, the BSE intensity is lower and the particle becomes darker). We also note that a region of the big particle remains white (i.e. the Li did not have sufficient time to ‘diffuse’ inside their core region). This result explains the rather low capacity observed with such particles and it gives evidence that the system is out of thermodynamic equilibrium. This in-situ experiment also shows no cracking of the relatively big SiO particles since the voltage was kept higher than 0.1V (stop at the Li 22 Si 7 phase instead of Li 22 Si 5 ) when compared to previous results [1]. We will also present in-situ SEM of nano-Si particles that did not suffer any cracking, but agglomerate (electrochemical sintering), which results in a more rigid and fractured electrodes [2] This presentation will also used in-situ SEM to obtain a better understanding of the failure mechanism of new electrode materials, including Li-S. References: [1] http://batt.lbl.gov/blog/research-tasks/in-situ-sem-seeing-battery-cycling-in-action/?utm_source=rss&amp;utm_medium=rss&amp;utm_campaign=in-situ-sem-seeing-battery-cycling-in-action [2] Hovington et al, (2014) ‘in situ Scanning electron microscope study and micriostructural evolution of nano silicon anode for high energy Li-ion batteries’, Journal of Power Sources 248, 457-464
In vivo probe‐based confocal laser endomicroscopy in chronic interstitial lung diseases: Specific descriptors and correlation with chest CT (2019)

In the four groups of ILD studied, 9 pCLE descriptors are described, which appear specific and reproducible, and correlate with chest HRCT patterns.
Identification of caveolae and detection of caveolin in normal human osteoblasts (2001)

Caveolae, specialised regions of the cell membrane which have been detected in a wide range of mammalian cells, have not been described in bone cells. They are plasmalemmal invaginations, 50 to 100 nm in size, characterised by the presence of the structural protein, caveolin, which exists as three subtypes. Caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are expressed in a wide range of cell types whereas caveolin-3 is thought to be a muscle-specific subtype. There is little information on the precise function of caveolae, but it has been proposed that they play an important role in signal transduction. As the principal bone-producing cell, the osteoblast has been widely studied in an effort to understand the signalling pathways by which it responds to extracellular stimuli. Our aim in this study was to identify caveolae and their structural protein caveolin in normal human osteoblasts, and to determine which subtypes of caveolin were present. Confocal microscopy showed staining which was associated with the plasma membrane. Transmission electron microscopy revealed the presence of membrane invaginations of 50 to 100 nm, consistent with the appearance of caveolae. Finally, we isolated protein from these osteoblasts, and performed Western blotting using anti-caveolin primary antibodies. This revealed the presence of caveolin-1 and -2, while caveolin-3 was absent. The identification of these structures and their associated protein may provide a significant contribution to our further understanding of signal transduction pathways in osteoblasts.
Transcriptional regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 gene expression: novel effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (2000)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) gene overexpression is suggested to play important roles in colorectal tumorigenesis. Epidemiological studies revealed that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), such as aspirin and sulindac, which inhibit COX activity, reduce colorectal cancer mortality. Current investigations have focused on delineating the molecular mechanisms that regulate COX-2 gene expression and the roles of NSAIDs in cancer chemoprevention. COX-2 catalyzes the production of prostaglandins (PGs) from arachidonic acid (AA), generated by phospholipases A2 (PLA2s), a family of acyl esterases that cause the release of AA from cellular phospholipids. Pancreatic secretory PLA2 (sPLA2), via its receptor (sPLA2R), transcriptionally activates COX-2 gene expression in several cell types, although a specific transcription factor mediating COX-2 expression has not yet been identified. Here, we report that a transcription factor, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta(C/EBPbeta), plays a critical role in sPLA2IB-induced, receptor-mediated COX-2 gene expression in MC3T3E1 and NIH3T3 cells. Furthermore, treatment of these cells with NSAIDs in the presence of sPLA2IB appears to potentiate the stimulatory effects on COX-2 mRNA and COX-2 protein expression and a concomitant elevation in PG production. Most significantly, NSAID treatment appears to drastically suppress the production of cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) mRNA. The lack of sPLA2IB, sPLA2IIA, and sPLA2V mRNA expression in both NIH3T3 and MC3T3E1 cells suggests that cPLA2 is the most likely enzyme that catalyzes the release of AA, the rate-limiting substrate of COX for the production of PGs. Our results suggest that: (a) sPLA2IB receptor-mediated COX-2 expression is mediated via C/EBPbeta; (b) NSAIDs in the presence of sPLA2IB potentiate the stimulatory effects of sPLA2IB on COX-2 mRNA expression; and (c) despite the apparent stimulation of COX-2 expression by NSAIDs, they strikingly deprive COX-2 of its substrate, AA, by suppressing cPLA2 mRNA expression. Both AA and PGs regulate many vital biological functions (e.g., motility and invasiveness) that are dysregulated in most cancer cells, and they have profound effects on cellular differentiation. Our results raise the possibility that deprivation of COX-2 of its substrate by the suppression of cPLA2 mRNA expression is an additional mechanism used by NSAIDs to inhibit tumorigenesis.
The Biological and Mechanical Effect of Using Different Irrigation Methods on the Bond Strength of Bioceramic Sealer to Root Dentin Walls (2022)

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the biological and mechanical effect of different irrigation methods on the bond strength of Bioceramic (BC) sealer to root canal dentin walls. Material and Methods Forty-Five single-rooted teeth were decoronated and then prepared using rotary instrumentation. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups. Group 1: using the conventional syringe method; Group 2: using the ultrasonic (US) activation method; and Group 3: using the Nd:YAG laser activation method. The BC sealer (TotalFill<sup>®</sup> BC Sealer™, FKG Dentaire, Switzerland) was used for obturation according to the manufacturer's recommendation. The bond strength was evaluated using the push-out test, and the adaptation of the sealer/dentin interface was assessed using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Data were analyzed by Welch's ANOVA analysis of variance and Games-Howell for pairwise comparison. The level of statistical significance was set at 95% (<i>p</i>-value ≤ 0.05). Results The push-out bond strength values of the Nd:YAG (6.46 ± 0.5) laser group were statistically significant than both conventional (3.33 ± 1.8) and US groups (4.21 ± 2.2). The mean gaps that were formed between the root walls and GP/BS sealer interface were statistically significant only between the Nd:YAG laser group (25.54 ± 13.8) compared to both conventional (62.00 ± 15.3) and US groups (58.82 ± 23.8) (<i>p</i> ≤0.05). No significant difference was found between the conventional and US groups in both rested parameters (<i>p</i> >0.05). Conclusion The method protocol of RC system irrigation affects the adhesion and bond strength of BS sealers to the root canal dentin walls.
Supplementary Figure Legends and Methods from The Highly Recurrent PP2A Aα-Subunit Mutation P179R Alters Protein Structure and Impairs PP2A Enzyme Function to Promote Endometrial Tumorigenesis (2023)

&lt;p&gt;Supplementary Figure Legends and Methods&lt;/p&gt;
Optimization of Photo-alignment Layer Suitable for Plastic Substrates (2008)

We have developed the photo-alignment layer possessing high thermal stability comparable to that of the conventional PI alignment layer. We have recently found that the performances of the photo-alignmer/t layer on the plastic substrates are different from those on glass substrates. Since the application of the alignment layer to a plastic substrate is important from the practical point of view, the photo-alignment layer and the manufacturing processes have been investigated and optimized to improve uniformity, thermal stability and adhesion.
Tunable Fabry-Perot-Interferometer for 3-5 μm wavelength with bulk micromachined reflector carrier (2003)

This contribution deals with design, fabrication and test of a micromachined first order Fabry-Perot-Interferometer (FPI) usable as tunable infrared filter in a spectrometer. The approach discussed here minimizes mirror curvature by using relative thick (300 &mu;m Si ) mirror carriers for the fixed and the movable mirror of the FPI. We use thermally grown &lambda;/4 thick SiO<sub>2</sub> for antireflection layer at the mirror back side and for the first low refractive layer followed by a &lambda;/4 thick polycrystalline silicon high refractive layer. Second and third &lambda;/4 layer pairs of SiO<sub>2</sub> and polycrystalline silicon complete the mirrors. The cavity size is electrostically tuned and capacitively detected by a closed loop control.
Printer identification based on graylevel co-occurrence features for security and forensic applications (2005)

In today's digital world securing different forms of content is very important in terms of protecting copyright and verifying authenticity. Many techniques have been developed to protect audio, video, digital documents, images, and programs (executable code). One example is watermarking of digital audio and images. We believe that a similar type of protection for printed documents is very important. The goals of our work are to securely print and trace documents on low cost consumer printers such as inkjet and electrophotographic (laser) printers. We will accomplish this through the use of intrinsic and extrinsic features obtained from modelling the printing process. In this paper we describe the use of image texture analysis to identify the printer used to print a document. In particular we will describe a set of features that can be used to provide forensic information about a document. We will demonstrate our methods using 10 EP printers.
Abstract 5: Using stable isotope lipidomics to identify adipocyte-induced alterations in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia lipidome (2016)

Abstract Obesity is associated with the development and progression of many cancers, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). We have shown that ALL cells induce adipocyte lipolysis and take up adipocyte-derived free-fatty acids (FFAs). Here, we use targeted lipidomics with carbon-13 labeling to 1) determine which adipocyte-derived FFAs are taken up by ALL cells, and 2) identify the specific alterations in the ALL cell lipidomic profile caused by co-culture with adipocytes. Mouse pre-adipocytes (3T3-L1) were differentiated into adipocytes in the presence of U13C-glucose to allow 13C incorporation into adipocyte lipids. ALL cells were then cultured alone or co-cultured over 13C-labeled or non-labeled adipocytes for 72 hours. Following co-culture, ALL cells were harvested and analyzed by nanospray desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (nanoDESI-MS). Lipidomic spectra were analyzed to characterize uptake of adipocyte-derived FFAs identifying 13C-enrichment in ALL lipid moieties. The relative intensities of selected lipid peaks were compared between conditions, after normalization, to evaluate the effects of the presence of adipocytes on ALL lipidome. Adipocytes differentiated in the presence of U13C-glucose incorporated 13C into numerous triglyceride moieties. In ALL cells co-cultured with labeled adipocytes, 13C enrichment was identified in FFA and phospholipids. Labeling of oleic acid primarily occurred in groups of two, suggesting incorporation of U13C-glucose into adipocyte FFAs through acetyl-CoA-mediated lipogenesis. Similarly, 13C enrichment of ALL cell phospholipids occurred in groups of two and three, mirroring adipocyte incorporation of U13C-glucose into phospholipids through both acetyl-CoA and glycerol. Moreover, ALL cell unsaturated FFAs had a greater 13C enrichment than saturated FFAs (Unsaturated FFAs: 14.1±5.5 vs. Saturated FFAs: 6.6±2.3, p = 0.02; n = 5). When co-cultured over adipocytes, ALL cells contained significantly more FFAs than ALL cells alone (Oleic Acid: 63.0±49.2 vs. 24.1±7.4, p = 0.02; Stearic acid: 20.9±17.5 vs. 8.3±2.2, p = 0.03; Palmitoleic Acid: 11.5±9.8 vs. 3.3±1.0, p = 0.01; Palmitic Acid: 15.1±11.7 vs. 5.5±1.4, p = 0.01; n = 5). Using stable-isotope lipidomics, we can effectively identify and quantify which ALL cell lipids are derived from nearby adipocytes. This methodology provides comprehensive insight into the cancer cell lipidome and can be extended to understand how genetics, the microenvironment, and treatment affect cancer lipid metabolism. Citation Format: Jonathan Tucci, Katy Margulis, Cheng-Chih Hsu, Wesley Dixon, Richard N. Zare, Steven D. Mittelman. Using stable isotope lipidomics to identify adipocyte-induced alterations in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia lipidome. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 5.
Pulsed-Accelerated-Flow Spectrometer with Position-Resolved Observation (1997)

The title instrument (PAF-PRO) permits the progress of rapid reactions to be monitored at 128 positions along a 2 cm observation cell as reactants flow down the cell. A decelerated push is used to give velocity changes from 21 to 2 m s(-1) during a time interval of 384 ms. Variation of flow velocity allows reaction rate constants to be resolved from the physical mixing process. The flow system brings the reacting solutions together in a 10-jet radial mixer 0.32 cm before the mixture enters the observation tube (0.203 cm width, 1.945 cm length). A masked charge-coupled device (CCD) is the array detector used to obtain transmittance data as a function of position and velocity. The masked portion of the CCD serves as a dynamic memory buffer for fast data acquisition. Pseudo-first-order rate constants are measured from 200 to 12 000 s(-1). The instrument also is calibrated for second-order reactions (equal concentrations) with initial half-lives of 0.3-1.5 ms. Applications of the PAF-PRO system for the study of fast multistep reactions are presented.
Accelerating duplicate data chunk recognition using NN trained by locality-sensitive hash (2014)

Deduplication is often used in storage systems in order to save storage space, communication bandwidth, write energy, and recovery and error-protection infrastructure. However, deduplication overhead increases latency and computation energy. Determining whether a data chunk is already stored by comparing signatures constitutes a significant fraction of this deduplication overhead. In this paper, we propose a statistical chunk classifier based on a neural network. Our technique is based on learning the patterns of locality-sensitive hashing of the data. Our experiments show an acceleration of chunk processing, leading to reduction in deduplication overhead.
The role of the neutrophil in inflammatory diseases of the lung. (1990)

Under certain circumstances, the neutrophil has been implicated in causing disease by damaging normal host tissue. This may occur in the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The neutrophil has been implicated since a) substances that activate neutrophils are produced in association with the predisposing risks that lead to ARDS; b) activated neutrophils migrate into the alveolar spaces and their toxic products can be found in lung lavage fluid and in the breath of patients with ARDS; and c) the magnitude of the physiologic alterations correlate with the number of neutrophils in the alveolar space. Additionally, the neutrophils may be primed by substances which are released by activated platelets within the confines of the lung. Both platelet adenine nucleotides and the platelet-derived extracellular matrix protein (ECM), thrombospondin, can prime the neutrophil for subsequent O2- generation following activation of the cells with the chemotactic peptide, F-met-leu-phe (FMLP). Furthermore, neutrophils can be primed or O2- generation by the basement membrane ECM protein, laminin. Since neutrophils express receptors for both laminin and thrombospondin, these constituents may serve to modulate neutrophil behavior for subsequent oxidative metabolism and contribute to exacerbating pulmonary disease.
First demonstration of 1580 nm wavelength band WDMtransmission for doubling usable bandwidth and suppressing FWM in DSF (1997)

The authors demonstrate WDM transmission in the unexplored 1580 nm band, for the first time, using newly developed gain-shifted EDFAs. By using the 1580 nm band, equally-spaced, eight 10 Gbit/s WDM channel, repeaterless transmission over 160 km dispersion-shifted fibre is achieved without any four-wave mixing degradation.
The Smart Card in Mobile Communications (2009)

This chapter gives an introduction into the smart card technology and its history by outlining the role of the smart card in mobile communications systems. The role of the smart card as a key enabler for services requiring or utilizing unambiguous user-identification is outlined. These services include multimedia and high-security services such as mobile commerce or mobile banking. Smart cards containing the described mechanisms provide the user with privacy and the capabilities to use information, personalized according to his needs, in a wide-spread system with a virtually unlimited number of services. Furthermore, the capabilities of the smart card to enhance services, to secure the issuers’ revenues and to increase the usage of the services by providing a trustful platform for the user are described. Future evolutions and further developments of the smart card are illustrated, including how they pave towards new types of applications and services.
Analyses of carrier frequency fluctuation of W-band RoF signals using two free-running lasers for high-speed RoF transmission (2012)

We analyze a carrier frequency fluctuation for RoF transmission with two free-running lasers. Obtained fluctuation within 6 MHz can be mitigated by digital signal processing as a same manner of digital coherent detection.
PDB_Hydro: incorporating dipolar solvents with variable density in the Poisson-Boltzmann treatment of macromolecule electrostatics (2006)

We describe a new way to calculate the electrostatic properties of macromolecules which eliminates the assumption of a constant dielectric value in the solvent region, resulting in a Generalized Poisson-Boltzmann-Langevin equation (GPBLE). We have implemented a web server (http://lorentz.immstr.pasteur.fr/pdb_hydro.php) that both numerically solves this equation and uses the resulting water density profiles to place water molecules at preferred sites of hydration. Surface atoms with high or low hydration preference can be easily displayed using a simple PyMol script, allowing for the tentative prediction of the dimerization interface in homodimeric proteins, or lipid binding regions in membrane proteins. The web site includes options that permit mutations in the sequence as well as reconstruction of missing side chain and/or main chain atoms. These tools are accessible independently from the electrostatics calculation, and can be used for other modeling purposes. We expect this web server to be useful to structural biologists, as the knowledge of solvent density should prove useful to get better fits at low resolution for X-ray diffraction data and to computational biologists, for whom these profiles could improve the calculation of interaction energies in water between ligands and receptors in docking simulations.