gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NIRS-Based Quantitative Measurement of Autoregulatory Effects on Microvascular Hemoglobin Oxygenation: Applications to Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury (2008)

Cerebral vascular autoregulation is the process by which the balance between oxygen demand and supply is maintained in brain tissue. We have developed a method for dividing the hemoglobin signal into six discrete categories that correspond to different states of vascular autoregulation. All six states occur continuously throughout the brain, however little is known about their interplay within specified regions of the cortex that subserve specific cognitive tasks. Here we report on a study that investigated cerebral vascular autoregulation (CVA) in three groups of adult subjects during a verbal working memory task: healthy controls, subjects with moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injuries, and multiple sclerosis patients. The CVA state analysis performed reveals statistically significant differences between all pairs of subject groups.
Interlaboratory comparison of noise-parameter measurements on CMOS devices with 0.12 μm gate length (2005)

We present results of an interlaboratory comparison of S-parameter and noise-parameter measurements performed on 0.12 μm gate-length CMOS transistors. Copies of the same device were measured at three different laboratories (IBM, NIST, RFMD), and the results were compared. Each of the laboratories used a different measurement method, although two used similar commercial systems. Effects of different calibration reference planes are shown. The devices measured have large values of |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> |, |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">22</sub> |, and |Γ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">opt</sub> |, and have very low minimum noise figures (below 0.2 dB) over some of the frequency range. For the most part, the measurements at the different laboratories are in reasonable agreement, though there are discrepancies. It is also evident that the noise performance of the devices is better than our ability to measure it.
Supplementary Figure 1 from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice (2023)

Supplementary Figure 1 from Oncolysis of Prostate Cancers Induced by Vesicular Stomatitis Virus in PTEN Knockout Mice
Vaccination with HPV-18 E7–Pulsed Dendritic Cells in a Patient with Metastatic Cervical Cancer (2002)

To the Editor: The report by Walsh et al. (Jan. 24 issue) 1 of a trial of voriconazole, as compared with liposomal amphotericin B, for patients with neutropenia and persistent fever and the accompanying editorial and letter to the editor 2,3 leave many questions about what the trial actually demonstrated and how the findings should be applied. The abstract implies that the study showed equivalence and concludes, "Voriconazole is a suitable alternative to amphotericin B preparations." Yet the text and the accompanying editorial point out that the prespecified statistical criterion for equivalence was not met. To confuse the issue further, correspondents from the Food and Drug Administration provide alternative data, indicating that voriconazole was actually statistically inferior to liposomal amphotericin B with respect to overall success rates. 3 Thus, whether the study showed equivalence, near equivalence, or frank inferiority remains unclear.
Coherent summation of injection-locked, diode-pumped Nd:YAG ring lasers (1988)

A binary grating has been used to achieve coherent summation of diode-laser-pumped Nd:YAG ring lasers operating at 1.06 μm. Mutual coherence of two such devices was achieved by optical injection locking. This is believed to be the first demonstration of cw injection locking of solid-state lasers other than semiconductor diode lasers. By combining two beams, an efficiency of 75% (92% of the theoretical limit) has been demonstrated in a configuration that could be used to combine a large number of individual lasers.
Metabolic engineering ofEscherichia colito produce succinate from woody hydrolysate under anaerobic conditions (2020)

It is of great economic interest to produce succinate from low-grade carbon sources, e.g., lignocellulosic biomass hydrolysate, which mainly contains glucose and xylose. Inactivation of the glucose uptake system PtsG was evaluated for succinate production from xylose-rich feedstocks. Strains with integration of succinate production modules into the chromosome of Escherichia coli were then constructed. These strains have better succinate production performance from xylose-rich feedstocks than strain FZ560 harboring pHL413KF1. Glucose utilization was enhanced in FZ661T by manipulation of the gal operon to allow efficient use of the high-concentration glucose in woody biomass hydrolysate. Up to 906.7 mM (107.0 g/L) succinate was produced from mixed sugars in fed-batch fermentation and more than 461.7 mM (54.5 g/L) succinate was produced from woody hydrolysate in a batch fermentation. In this study, FZ661T was able to produce succinate from woody hydrolysate in minimal medium efficiently, making it attractive for industrial applications in succinate production.
The Outer Hair Cell (2017)

The CA (cochlear amplifier) model explains the detection of small differences in time as well as in frequency, the dual character of the electrocochleogram, recruitment of loudness in cochlear hearing impairment, the long latency of normal neural responses near threshold, acoustic emissions (both stimulated and spontaneous) and the locus of TTS (temporary threshold shift) in the frequency range above the exposure tone. Both the classical high-intensity system and the active low-level CA system are highly nonlinear and they combine to compress the great dynamic range of hearing into a much narrower range of mechanical movement of the cilia of the inner hair cells.—“An active process in cochlear mechanics,” Hallowell Davis (1983)
Enhanced Potency of Glycoengineered Anti-CD52 Monoclonal Antibodies (MAbs). (2005)

Abstract The CD52 MAb alemtuzumab (Campath) has been licensed for Fludarabine-refractory CLL. Like most commercial therapeutic MAbs, it is produced in mammalian cells (Chinese Hamster Ovary cells) and contains fucosylated carbohydrates attached to the Fc region. In contrast, a fraction of natural human serum IgG lacks fucose on their Fc-oligosaccharides and such antibodies bind with higher affinity to the FcgRIII receptors of immune effector cells. We have produced glycoengineered versions of alemtuzumab with high levels of non-fucosylated Fc oligosaccharides, increased binding affinity to FcgRIII and increased target-cell killing potency via ADCC. Glycoengineering was achieved by stable over-expression of genes encoding carbohydrate-modifying enzymes in an industrial-grade CHO cell line. Two glycovariants were produced: CAMGlyco1, enriched in non-fucosylated, hybrid-type Fc carbohydrates and CAMGlyco2, carrying non-fucosylated oligosaccharides both of hybrid- and complex-type (in approximately equal proportions). Both glycovariants had a proportion of non-fucosylated oligosaccharides leading to markedly enhanced antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) in comparison with regular alemtuzumab. CAMGlyco1 mediated lower complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) than CAMGlyco2. The activity of the two glycoforms was assessed in cynomolgus monkeys. The pharmacokinetics of both glycoforms were not significantly different from wild-type alemtuzumab. There was no increased cytokine release with either of the glycoforms. Both CAMGlyco1 and CAMGlyco2 appeared to deplete lymphocytes from both blood and lymph node better than wild-type alemtuzumab. Mean lymphocyte loss from peripheral blood following low dose treatment was 33.7%, 55.9% and 55.0% for alemtuzumab, CAMGlycol1 and CAMGlyco2, respectively (p&amp;lt;0.003). Mean lymphocyte counts per mm3 of lymph node biopsy were 4.6x105, 3.2x105 and 3.6x105 for alemtuzumab, CAMGlycol1 and CAMGlyco2, respectively. A Phase I/II clinical trial comparing CAMGlyco1 directly to alemtuzumab in patients with relapsed CLL has been initiated. Patients receive alternating doses of wild-type alemtuzumab and CAMGlyco1 and rates of decrease in peripheral blood lymphocyte count are monitored. Preliminary results show no increased toxicity. Glycoengineering of CD52 MAbs may allow for enhanced cytolytic efficacy in tumor therapy.
Semiconductor Electrodes: XVIII . Liquid Junction Photovoltaic Cells Based on Electrodes and Acetonitrile Solutions (1979)

Regenerative photoelectrochemical cells (PEC) were constructed utilizing single crystal in acetonitrile solutions. Solution redox couples (anthraquinone, p‐benzoquinone, dimethyl ferrocene, ferrocene, hydroxymethyl ferrocene, and tetramethyl‐p‐phenylenediamine) whose standard redox potential varied by over 1.2V, were photooxidized at the semiconductor electrode and reduced at a Pt counterelectrode converting light directly into electrical energy. A power conversion efficiency of 14% was observed for the electrode in a ferrocene‐ferricenium acetonitrile solution at a radiant intensity of 0.52 mW/cm2 of 720–800 nm light. The efficiency and stability were found to be very dependent upon the residual water concentration, radiant power, and concentration of electroactive species.
Growth of Malignant Non-CNS Tumors Alters Brain Metabolome (2018)

Cancer survivors experience numerous treatment side effects that negatively affect their quality of life. Cognitive side effects are especially insidious, as they affect memory, cognition, and learning. Neurocognitive deficits occur prior to cancer treatment, arising even before cancer diagnosis, and we refer to them as "tumor brain." Metabolomics is a new area of research that focuses on metabolome profiles and provides important mechanistic insights into various human diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and aging. Many neurological diseases and conditions affect metabolic processes in the brain. However, the tumor brain metabolome has never been analyzed. In our study we used direct flow injection/mass spectrometry (DI-MS) analysis to establish the effects of the growth of lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and sarcoma on the brain metabolome of TumorGraft™ mice. We found that the growth of malignant non-CNS tumors impacted metabolic processes in the brain, affecting protein biosynthesis, and amino acid and sphingolipid metabolism. The observed metabolic changes were similar to those reported for neurodegenerative diseases and brain aging, and may have potential mechanistic value for future analysis of the tumor brain phenomenon.
Screening of red blood cells for extracellular vesicle content as a product quality indicator (2018)

EV content correlates with measures of hemolysis and other RBC quality indicators and could be implemented as a routine screening tool for nondestructive QC testing of RCCs.
NXE pellicle: development update (2016)

ASML introduced the NXE pellicle concept, a removable pellicle solution that is compatible with current and future patterned mask inspection methods. We will present results of how we have taken the idea from concept to a demonstrated solution enabling the use of EUV pellicle by the industry for high volume manufacturing. We will update on the development of the next generation of pellicle films with higher power capability. Further, we will provide an update on top level requirements for pellicles and external interface requirements needed to support NXE pellicle adoption at a mask shop. Finally, we will present ASML’s pellicle handling equipment to enable pellicle use at mask shops and our NXE pellicle roadmap outlining future improvements.
Biological determinants of photobioreactor design. 1st Quarterly report, September 1, 1993--November 30, 1993 (1994)

Microalgae is being considered for capture and sequestration Of CO{sub 2} from power-plant flue-gases. High productivity of microalgae is necessary to make this process cost effective compared to the conventional methods used for reducing CO{sub 2} levels in the atmosphere. This obviates the need for large-scale cultivation technologies and proper photobioreactor technology. The physical factors that influence the performance of a photoautotrophic microalgal culture are the quality and composition of light, inlet carbon dioxide concentration, nutrients, and secondary metabolites at high cell densities. In developing photobioreactor technology, balancing of biological processes to the physical rate process becomes important. In this first quarterly report, the effect of various light compositions on the culture kinetics is studied. To determine the optimal composition, six wavelengths 470, 555, 560, 570, 580 and 605, each supplemented with 680 nm were used to cultivate cultures. Based on the results obtained it is concluded that a monochromatic red light of 680 nm is sufficient to obtain the maximum capacity.
Testicular atrophy in therapeutic orchiectomy specimens from men with prostate carcinoma (1998)

Testicular atrophy at the time of therapeutic orchiectomy for men with prostate carcinoma is much more common in patients with prior prostate bed radiation therapy. Available evidence suggests that this association may reflect both radiation-induced testicular injury and more frequent early tumor recurrence in men with atrophy preceding their radiation therapy.
Effective Immunization with Live Attenuated Influenza A Virus Can Be Achieved in Early Infancy (1996)

The immunogenicity of vaccines can be modified in infancy by maternal antibodies and other immunizations. Hence, the safety and immunogenicity of two doses of 10(7) TCID50 of live, attenuated cold-adapted (ca) influenza A/Kawasaki/86 (H1N1) reassortant virus vaccine given with or apart from childhood immunizations were evaluated in infants, starting at 2, 4, or > 6 months of age, in randomized, double-blind trials. The ca vaccine was safe and did not significantly reduce the immunogenicity of the childhood vaccines in these infants. Infectivity of ca virus (virus shedding, > or = 4-fold rise in serum hemagglutination inhibition antibody titer, or both) was affected by age, quantity of ca virus given, and prior ca virus infection. Two doses of 10(7) TCID50 of ca influenza virus infected all infants, indicating that both doses are probably needed to achieve immunity against influenza in infants < 6 months of age.
Abstract W MP82: Role of OPG/RANKL/RANK System in Ischemic Brain in Mice (2014)

Background &amp; Purpose: Although recent clinical studies showed that the high serum osteoprotegerin (OPG, decoy receptor for RANKL) level was associated with unfavorable outcome in ischemic stroke, its mechanism is unknown. Since OPG/ RANKL (receptor activator of nuclear factor-β ligand)/ RANK (receptor for RANKL) system has critical roles in immune systems as well as osteoclast biology, we hypothesized the OPG/RANKL/RANK system might play roles in post-ischemic inflammation and immune response. To explore the possibility, we examined their expressions and functions in mice. Methods: The expression and the functional analysis of OPG/RANKL/RANK system were examined in 70 min-transient cerebral artery occlusion model in C57BL6/J (WT) mice or OPG -/- mice, whose serum RANKL level is higher than that in WT mice. The effects of RANKL/RANK signaling were also examined in mixed glial-neuron cultures stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Results: RANK mRNA was increased from 4 hrs after ischemia, whereas OPG and RANKL mRNA were up-regulated from 5 hrs after ischemia. The RANKL and RANK were expressed in activated macrophage/microglia and OPG was partly expressed in activated macrophage/microglia. OPG -/- mice showed reduced infarct volume 72 hrs after ischemia, whereas the infarct volume was not reduced in OPG -/- mice treated with RANK/Fc chimera. Also, RANKL-treated wild type mice showed the reduction in infarct volume. The expression of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β was less in OPG -/- mice and RANKL-treated mice. Additionally, the LPS-stimulated neuron-glia mixed culture showed less neuronal death in the group of RANKL-treatment cultures through inhibition of inflammatory cytokines production. Conclusions: These data indicate that RANKL/RANK signaling might work as anti-inflammation in the ischemic brain through inhibiting TLR signaling pathways. High serum OPG level in clinical situations might inhibit RANKL/RANK signaling and exacerbate the post-ischemic inflammation, resulting in poor outcomes. Further studies on the OPG/RANKL/RANK system might shed light on the clarification of molecular mechanisms in post-ischemic inflammation.
Combo-Action: Training Agent For FPS Game with Auxiliary Tasks (2019)

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) has achieved surpassing human performance on Atari games, using raw pixels and rewards to learn everything. However, first-person-shooter (FPS) games in 3D environments contain higher levels of human concepts (enemy, weapon, spatial structure, etc.) and a large action space. In this paper, we explore a novel method which can plan on temporally-extended action sequences, which we refer as Combo-Action to compress the action space. We further train a deep recurrent Q-learning network model as a high-level controller, called supervisory network, to manage the Combo-Actions. Our method can be boosted with auxiliary tasks (enemy detection and depth prediction), which enable the agent to extract high-level concepts in the FPS games. Extensive experiments show that our method is efficient in training process and outperforms previous stateof-the-art approaches by a large margin. Ablation study experiments also indicate that our method can boost the performance of the FPS agent in a reasonable way.
Effect of gender on outcomes following renal artery stent placement for renovascular hypertension (1997)

To study the effect of gender on outcome following renal artery stent placement for renovascular hypertension, we prospectIvely followed 66 patients (30 males, 36 females) who underwent Palmaz stent placement in 89 renal arteries. There was no difference in the incidence of procedure-related complications between males and females. At 6-mo follow-up, the decrease in systolic (35 +/- 30 mm Hg and 27 +/- 25 mm Hg) and diastolic (15 +/- 23 mm Hg and 14 +/- 14 mm Hg) blood pressures was similar in female and male patients, respectIvely. Late follow-up at 19 +/- 11 mo also showed no difference in blood pressure response. In 44 patients who underwent repeat angiography at a mean duration of 9.1 +/- 5.6 mo after stent deployment, the incidence of restenosis was 26% in females and 24% in males (P = 0.85). We conclude that gender has no effect on the incidence of complications, blood pressure response, or angiographic restenosis in patients undergoing renal artery stent placement.
Increasing the Fill Factor of Inverted P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells Through Surface Modification of Al‐Doped ZnO via Phosphonic Acid‐Anchored C60 SAMs (2012)

The influence of aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) electron extraction layers modified with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on inverted polymer solar cells is investigated. It is found that AZO modification with phosphonic acid-anchored Fullerene–SAMs leads to a reduction of the series resistance, while increasing the parallel resistance. This results in an increased efficiency from 2.9 to 3.3%. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
<title>Combined PSK/ASK modulation format for the STARNET WDM local-area network</title> (1992)

STARNET is a coherent optical wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) local area network. In STARNET, the use of low level amplitude modulation of phase modulated light has been proposed to implement a packet-switched ring network in addition to a high speed circuit- switched network. To verify the feasibility and characterize the effects of amplitude shift- keyed (ASK) modulation on a phase shift-keyed (PSK) receiver, we have measured the sensitivity of a 1.244 Gb/s PSK synchronous heterodyne receiver in the presence of 125 Mb/s ASK modulation. The experiments show that the unmodified (i.e., designed for no ASK modulation) PSK receiver successfully operates with a bit error ratio less than 10<SUP>-9</SUP> and maintains phase-lock in the presence of ASK modulation for ASK modulation indexes less than 0.5.
Loss of heterozygosity of chromosome 12p does not correlate with KRAS mutation in non‐small cell lung cancer (2003)

Activating mutations of RAS gene families have been found in a variety of human malignancies, including lung cancer, suggesting their dominant role in tumorigenesis. However, several studies have shown a frequent loss of the wild-type KRAS allele in the tumors of murine models and an inhibition of oncogenic phenotype in tumor cell lines by transfection of wild-type RAS, indicating that wild-type RAS may have oncosuppressive properties. To determine whether loss of wild-type KRAS is involved in the development of human lung cancer, we investigated the mutations of KRAS, NRAS and BRAF in 154 primary non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLCs) as well as 10 NSCLC cell lines that have been shown to have KRAS mutations. We also determined the loss of heterozygosity status of KRAS alleles in these tumors. We detected point mutations of KRAS in 11 (7%) of 154 NSCLCs, with 10 cases at codon 12 and 1 at codon 61, but no mutations of NRAS or BRAF were found. Using the laser capture microdissection technique, we confirmed that 9 of the 11 tumors and 7 of the 10 NSCLC cell lines retained the wild-type KRAS allele. Among the cell lines with heterozygosity of mutant and wild-type KRAS, all of the cell lines tested for expression were shown to express more mutated KRAS than wild-type mRNA, with higher amounts of KRAS protein also being expressed compared to the cell lines with a loss of wild-type KRAS allele. In addition, among 148 specimens available for immunohistochemical analysis, 113 (76%) showed positive staining of KRAS, indicating that the vast majority of NSCLCs continue to express wild-type KRAS. Our findings indicate that the wild-type KRAS allele is occasionally lost in human lung cancer, and that the oncogenic activation of mutant KRAS is more frequently associated with an overexpression of the mutant allele than with a loss of the wild-type allele in human NSCLC development.
A New Development of PVDF Binder Oriented to Small Particle Sizes Materials (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Millimeter wave package design: a comparison of simulation and measurement results (2002)

A 40 Gb/s package design is introduced in this work. The package includes high-speed coaxial connectors, transmission lines on ceramic substrate, and ribbon bonds. To keep the model structure under the existing computing capability, the simulation was segmented into three sections - coaxial connector to transmission line, transmission line alone, and transmission line to ribbon bond, and then the results were assembled to predict the performance of the package. Both small signal measurements and operational tests were performed to verify the design and modeling concepts. The package was operated up to 50 Gb/s with low degradation to input digital waveforms.