gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breast calcification: the 'Cinderella' breast element? (2010)

Retrospective studies on male breast cancer (MBC) have suff ered from small numbers of cases available from any one centre; thus a signifi cant problem in eff ectively studying this disease is accruing suffi ciently large numbers to allow comparative analysis of biomarkers associated with response. Using a coordinated multicentre approach, we present the fi rst large-scale study to address the relevance of the expression of hormone receptors in MBC and female breast cancer (FBC) using immunohistochemistry combined with a novel bioinformatics approach. Following ethical approval, 523 archival blocks (260 MBCs and 263 matched FBCs) were obtained retrospectively. Tissue microarrays were constructed and sections stained for ER, ER1, ER2, ER5, total PR, PRA, PRB and AR and typed using CK5/6, CK14, CK18 and CK19 by immunohistochemistry. Following scoring, a range of ordination techniques were conducted on the datasets including hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the diff erential nature of infl uences and interactions between MBC and FBC. Luminal A subgroup (ER + and/or PR + , HER2 -) was the most common phenotype in both sexes. Luminal B (ER + and/or PR + , HER2 + ) was not seen in males, while basal-like tumours (ER -, PR -, HER2 -, CK5/6 + ) were infrequent in both. Hierarchical clustering revealed common clusters between MBC and FBC including total PR-PRA-PRB and ER1/2 clusters. ER occurred on distinct clusters between males and females. AR, ER1, ER2 and ER5 all existed on the same cluster but with a diff erent substructure, particularly around the positioning of AR. ER associated with this cluster in the male but not the female group. PCA confi rmed that in both groups strong infl uences came from PR-PRA-PRB. In MBC strong infl uences additionally came from AR and ER1, ER2 and ER5, whereas in FBC strong infl uences came from ER alone. Our data support the hypothesis that breast cancer is biologically diff erent in male and females, which could have implications for therapy.
Image-Guided Cardiac Cell Delivery Using High-Resolution Small-Animal Ultrasound (2005)

Open-chest cardiac injection is the preferred delivery method for cardiac gene and stem cell therapy in small animals, but it is invasive and the operator is unable to see the actual delivery site. High-resolution ultrasound has recently been developed for small-animal imaging. We tested the hypothesis that image-guided cardiac cell delivery using high-resolution ultrasound guidance is feasible and reproducible. Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 11) were imaged using high-resolution ultrasound, and stably transfected cardiomyoblasts (plasmid-CMV-firefly luciferase) were injected into the anterior cardiac wall under ultrasound guidance (parasternal long-axis view), using a 28-gauge needle. After injection, bioluminescence imaging was performed using a cooled charged-coupled camera. Injection was successful in all animals and was associated with no mortality. The signal detected was positively correlated with the amount of cells transplanted (R(2) = 0.94, P = 0.03) and highly correlated with ex vivo assays (R(2) = 0.82). In addition, the optical signal could be followed longitudinally using bioluminescence imaging. Ultrasound image-guided cardiac cell delivery is an effective, safe, and reproducible way to perform cell delivery to a specific myocardial region and can be combined with assessment of cardiac function. We are confident that the use of these technologies will play a significant role in the future of gene and cell therapy.
Biomimetic Materials with Multiple Protective Functionalities (2019)

Abstract Natural tissues possess superior material properties such as self‐healing, mechanical robustness, and mechanical gradients that allow organisms to adapt and survive in dangerous environments. Although highly desired, imparting synthetic materials with these biomimetic protective features remains a challenge. Here, the versatile dimethylglyoxime–urethane (DOU) moiety is used to create a multifunctional polyurethane (DOU‐PU). The reactivities of DOU including reversible dissociation, metal coordination, photolysis enabled self‐healing, high strength and toughness, mechanical gradient formation, and spatially controlled functionalization. By incorporating DOU, a multifunctional protective film is produced with superior resistance to mechanical damage, rapid room temperature self‐healing, and anti‐counterfeiting features. This super biomimetic film is expected to be very useful for the protection of various types of valuable objects such as electronics, diplomas, currency, and automobiles.
Finerenone Dose-Exposure-Response for the Primary Kidney Outcome in FIDELIO-DKD Phase III: Population Pharmacokinetic and Time-to-Event Analysis (2021)

None of the tested pharmacokinetic covariates had clinical relevance in FIDELIO-DKD. Finerenone effects on kidney outcomes approached saturation towards 20 mg once daily and sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitor use provided additive benefits.
Selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural using supported gold–copper nanoparticles (2011)

The oxidation of 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural was studied under mild reaction conditions using TiO2-supported Au and Au–Cu catalysts synthesized from pre-formed nanoparticles. Bimetallic gold-copper catalysts display superior activity as compared to monometallic gold. Moreover, after reaction, the bimetallic Au–Cu catalysts can be recovered by filtration and reused without significant loss of activity and selectivity whereas gold materials are not stable. STEM-HAADF imagining and XEDS spectra obtained from bimetallic materials show that particles are homogeneous AuCu alloys. No AuCu ordering or segregation effects were noted from these analyses, and the Au:Cu ratio was quite consistent from particle-to-particle irrespective of its absolute size, proving the efficiency of the original method of synthesis utilized. Isolation effects of gold by copper in the alloy nanoparticles is imagined to play a pivotal role in the reaction. The effect of oxygen pressure, metal loading, reaction time, amount of base and temperature were studied in detail and a 99% yield of furandicarboxylic acid was achieved under optimized reaction conditions.
Effect of MgO Underlying Layer on the Growth of GaOx Tunnel Barrier in Epitaxial Fe/GaOx/(MgO)/Fe Magnetic Tunnel Junction Structure (2017)

We investigated the effect of a thin MgO underlying layer (~3 monoatomic layers) on the growth of GaO<sub>x</sub> tunnel barrier in Fe/GaO<sub>x</sub>/(MgO)/Fe(001) magnetic tunnel junctions. To obtain a single-crystalline barrier, an in situ annealing was conducted with the temperature being raised up to 500 °C under an O₂ atmosphere. This annealing was performed after the deposition of the GaO<sub>x</sub> on the Fe(001) bottom electrode with or without the MgO(001) underlying layer. Reflection high-energy electron diffraction patterns after the annealing indicated the formation of a single-crystalline layer regardless of with or without the MgO layer. Ex situ structural studies such as transmission electron microscopy revealed that the GaO<sub>x</sub> grown on the MgO underlying layer has a cubic MgAl₂O₄-type spinel structure with a (001) orientation. When without MgO layer, however, a Ga-Fe-O ternary compound having the same crystal structure and orientation as the crystalline GaO<sub>x</sub> was observed. The results indicate that the MgO underlying layer effectively prevents the Fe bottom electrode from oxidation during the annealing process. Tunneling magneto-resistance effect was observed only for the sample with the MgO underlying layer, suggesting that Ga-Fe-O layer is not an effective tunnel-barrier.
Operating principles for integrated sensor processing (2002)

Addresses the operating principles applicable to integrated avionics processors. The techniques described have been successfully applied in avionics programs within an integrated standard electronic modules format E (SEM E) heterogeneous multiple processor system. Analysis of avionics applications is blended with ease-of-use, programmability and systems considerations to derive the system principles. Applications scheduling, initialization, termination and resource management techniques are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>
On-Demand Water Control: Molecular Host-Guest Interaction for In-Situ Modification of Formation Fluid Permeability (2017)

Abstract Hydrophobically modified hydrophilic polymers (HMHPs) have numerous applications in the petroleum industry, among which stand out relative permeability modifiers (RPMs) for acid diversion, drilling, fracturing, water control, water-injection profile modification, or improved oil recovery (IOR) operations. The efficacy of the polymeric RPM is attributed to a bimodal mechanism of action, which involves the association of the hydrophobic appendages in addition to adsorption of the amphoteric material to the formation surface. As a result, one challenge associated with the use of HMHPs is the pressure increase often observed when the material enters the formation. A second limitation is the inability to reverse the effect of the treatment fluid, which can be significant when the HMHP is overdisplaced, resulting in a reduction of flowback fluid, or when operational requirements call for placement of a deactivated HMHP that can be selectively activated at a desired time and location. Because of the self-diverting nature of the HMHP discussed in this paper, field deployment has been limited to near-wellbore (NWB) applications. Within this context, a linear surfactant additive [sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)] has been an effective mitigation strategy against such self-diverting characteristic; however, this also inhibits other desirable HMHP properties. Restoration of the native RPM properties was achieved using a surfactant control agent that allows on-demand RPM reactivation. Recently, it was realized that the sodium dodecyl sulfate has a much higher affinity for hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) than HMHP. This paper discusses developments that allow for improved injectivity of HMHPs when used as RPMs for water-control operations. In addition, this study attempts to advance the existing understanding of the performance and associative mechanism of action of RPMs. Currently, there is a lack of consensus about the role hydrophobic modifications play in HMHP performance. Using host-guest attraction, the nature of the hydrophobic moieties is revealed, which compliments the current body of literature related to the use of HMHP in the petroleum industry. To this end, adsorption, fluid loss, and coreflow results prove the increased affinity of the surfactant for HPCD serve to release HMHP from the HMHP/linear-surfactant complex, reactivating the HMHP to its original associative mechanism-based RPM-performance profile.
Organic Thin Film Transistors from a Soluble Oligothiophene Derivative Containing Thermally Removable Solubilizing Groups [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 1596−1597]. (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionORIGINAL ARTICLEThis notice is a correctionOrganic Thin Film Transistors from a Soluble Oligothiophene Derivative Containing Thermally Removable Solubilizing Groups [J. Am. Chem. Soc.2004, 126, 1596−1597].Amanda R. Murphy, Jean M. J. Fréchet, Paul Chang, Josephine Lee, and Vivek SubramanianCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2004, 126, 37, 11750Publication Date (Web):August 25, 2004Publication History Published online25 August 2004Published inissue 1 September 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja0408193https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0408193correctionACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views569Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (14 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Efficient Technologies for the Fabrication of Dense TaB2-Based Ultra-High-Temperature Ceramics (2010)

A 20 min ball-milling treatment (ball to powders ratio equal to 1) was demonstrated to be a valuable method for mechanochemically activating Ta, B4C, Si, and graphite to prepare TaB2−SiC and TaB2−TaC−SiC ultrarefractory composites by self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS). The resulting completely converted powders were spark plasma sintered at 1800 °C for 30 min, thus obtaining products about 96% dense. TGA characterization of bulk materials confirmed the beneficial effect of SiC in the resistance to oxidation behavior of the composite materials, while the presence of TaC appears to be unfavorable from this point of view. The obtained mechanical properties are in general comparable to those ones of Ta-based monolithic and composite bulk ceramics densified in previous works, although fracture toughness is significantly higher for TaB2−SiC. This outcome holds also true when the comparison is extended to the TaB2−TaC−SiC sample sintered in this work. The possible explanation is based on the occurrence of several toughening mechanisms (crack bridging, crack deflection, frictional interlocking, and crack branching) involved when TaB2−SiC samples are subjected to the prescribed indentation conditions, whereas crack propagation is facilitated by the relatively finer and more homogeneous microstructure exhibited by the ternary system.
Iliac Arterial Injuries after Endovascular Repair of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms: Correlation with Iliac Curvature and Diameter (2001)

A high degree of iliac arterial tortuosity appears to impart greater risk for the development of iliac arterial injuries in patients undergoing transfemoral delivery of endovascular devices.
Neurons to algorithms LDRD final report. (2013)

Over the last three years the Neurons to Algorithms (N2A) LDRD project teams has built infrastructure to discover computational structures in the brain. This consists of a modeling language, a tool that enables model development and simulation in that language, and initial connections with the Neuroinformatics community, a group working toward similar goals. The approach of N2A is to express large complex systems like the brain as populations of a discrete part types that have specific structural relationships with each other, along with internal and structural dynamics. Such an evolving mathematical system may be able to capture the essence of neural processing, and ultimately of thought itself. This final report is a cover for the actual products of the project: the N2A Language Specification, the N2A Application, and a journal paper summarizing our methods.
C1-Symmetric Si-bridged (2-indenyl)(1-indenyl) ansa-metallocenes as efficient ethene/1-hexene copolymerization catalysts (2020)

In the search for more efficient single-center ethene/α-olefin copolymerization catalysts, metallocenes bearing a 2-indenyl substituent pattern have largely been ignored in the past. Here, we show that such a structural motif yields competent linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE) catalysts. They are also relatively easy to synthesize, allowing for a wide structural amplification. A screening of 28 catalysts reveals that the lead catalyst in this study displays high comonomer affinity and molecular weight capability at industrially relevant temperatures. QSAR models show that steric factors likely contribute stronger than electronic factors to the observed substituent trends, both for comonomer affinity and MW capability.
A Low-ppm Digitally Controlled Crystal Oscillator Compensated by a New 0.19-mm2 Time-Domain Temperature Sensor (2016)

A low-ppm digitally controlled crystal oscillator (DCXO) in a Pierce readout topology with a new 0.19-mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> CMOS time-domain temperature sensor (TDTS) circuit for temperature compensation is designed and fabricated in this paper. The Pierce readout circuit is designed to output a 16-MHz oscillating signal as an important base clock for mobile devices. To cope with inevitable imprecision caused by environmental temperature variation, the readout should be compensated based on crystal's frequency-temperature curve via a temperature sensor. To this end, a new low-power, small-sized, CMOS on-chip temperature sensor circuit is successfully synthesized by 20-stages of newly designed delay cells. Each delay cell is compensated by a CMOS-process-compatible varactor, enabling a TDTS consisting of only a low number of delay cells to generate long enough delay that is proportional to temperature and in required precisions. In addition to Pierce and TDTS circuits, the DCXO consists of the logics to compute capacitance correction, a switchedcapacitor array to adjust Pierce capacitances, and regulators for DCXO and TDTS. The proposed circuits are fabricated by TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process, where the active area is 0.516 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the whole chip, while 0.19 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for the TDTS. With temperature compensation enabled, the best measured frequency deviations of a calibrated TCXO is within ±0.2 ppm from -40 °C to 85 °C. The temperature resolution of the developed TDTS is successfully designed to reach 0.18 °C/LSB with an accuracy of ±1 °C validated by one of the tape-out chips.
Permissivity of Primary Human Hepatocytes and Different Hepatoma Cell Lines to Cell Culture Adapted Hepatitis C Virus (2013)

Significant progress has been made in Hepatitis C virus (HCV) culture since the JFH1 strain cloning. However, developing efficient and physiologically relevant culture systems for all viral genotypes remains an important goal. In this work, we aimed at producing a high titer JFH1 derived virus to test different hepatic cells' permissivity. To this end, we performed successive infections and obtained a JFH1 derived virus reaching high titers. Six potential adaptive mutations were identified (I599V in E2, R1373Q and M1611T in NS3, S2364P and C2441S in NS5A and R2523K in NS5B) and the effect of these mutations on HCV replication and infectious particle production was investigated. This cell culture adapted virus enabled us to efficiently infect primary human hepatocytes, as demonstrated using the RFP-NLS-IPS reporter protein and intracellular HCV RNA quantification. However, the induction of a strong type III interferon response in these cells was responsible for HCV inhibition. The disruption of this innate immune response led to a strong infection enhancement and permitted the detection of viral protein expression by western blotting as well as progeny virus production. This cell culture adapted virus also enabled us to easily compare the permissivity of seven hepatoma cell lines. In particular, we demonstrated that HuH-7, HepG2-CD81, PLC/PRF/5 and Hep3B cells were permissive to HCV entry, replication and secretion even if the efficiency was very low in PLC/PRF/5 and Hep3B cells. In contrast, we did not observe any infection of SNU-182, SNU-398 and SNU-449 hepatoma cells. Using iodixanol density gradients, we also demonstrated that the density profiles of HCV particles produced by PLC/PRF/5 and Hep3B cells were different from that of HuH-7 and HepG2-CD81 derived virions. These results will help the development of a physiologically relevant culture system for HCV patient isolates.
Defects Limiting Minorty Carrier Lifetime in 4H-SiC Epilayers (2006)

The defects controlling carrier lifetime in 4H-SiC n- epilayers have been investigated by DLTS and time- resolved photoluminescence. Measurements of the dependence upon layer thickness enabled the separation of bulk and surface contributions to the measured lifetimes. Only the Z1/Z2 defect exhibited consistent correlation with measured lifetimes, while the EH6/EH7 defect was correlated only in some cases. The dependence upon layer thickness revealed a bulk minority carrier lifetime that was linearly related to the Z1/Z2 concentration and a hole capture cross-section of 3x10-14 cm2. This corresponded well to DLTS measurements carried out in p-i-n diode structures, where a large hole capture cross-section, sp, was indicated for Z1/Z2 and a small sp for EH6/EH7. Consequently, these results suggest that Z1/Z2 acts alone as the lifetime killer in this material.
Effects of Germination on Nutrient Composition of Long Grain Rice and its Protein Physico-Chemical and Functional Properties (2018)

Germination can enhance the nutritional and nutraceutical value of whole grain rice. Rough long grain rice was germinated for 7 days. Samples were collected from day 1 to 7 and dried to 12% moisture content. Sample collected at 0 day was included as control (non-germinated rice). The germination process caused a decrease in lipid content from 4.4% to 3.7%. The proteins isolated from non-germinated and germinated rice samples for 1, 3, and 5 days separated into 7 bands that ranged in molecular size from 115 kDa to 21 kDa. High-density bands were observed at 26 kDa and at 33.5 kDa and some at 56 kDa (control and 1st day of germination). However, the disappearance of high molecular size bands (around 56 and 26 kDa) observed at 6 and 7 days and appearance of low dense molecular size bands with the progression of germination may be explained by proteases activity during germination. This property can be used to prepare digestible proteins in infant formulations and food products for the elderly. The surface hydrophobicity of protein isolate from control/non-germinated rice was 74,672, and germinated at day 1 to 7 days were 22,793; 23,966; 20,903; 21,411; 23,895; 27,614; and 20,110, respectively. Emulsifying and foaming activities of the proteins derived from germination were significantly lower than that of the control. This could be due to the size and the orientation of amino acids in the proteins/peptides that could not confer these properties. However, these small size proteins/peptides derived from germination could provide comfortable proteins to infants, children and elderly.