gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MP717CORRECTION OF FLUID OVERLOAD SUSTANTIALLY REDUCES MORTALITY IN STABLE VOLUME-EXPANDED HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS (2017)

period. The observation for all patients started in March. nPCR was calculated from BUN, weight before and after dialysis, and dialysis time on the first week of each month for 12 months. The nPCR values were "smoothed" using the moving average approach. We evaluated the ratio for nPCR in March for each patient with respect to every other month. The group means of nPCR were calculated as the averages of all the patients. After evaluating individual observations, we plotted the ratio of nPCR for each of the 12 months for each patient. The distances between every series of the plot were calculated using the Euclidean approach, resulting in a hierarchical clustering dendrogram (the Ward-method). The clusters of plot series were obtained from the dendrogram. To consider the cluster stable, approximate and unbiased p values were estimated for every cluster. The relation between clusters and death within 3 years were evaluated at p=0.95, 0.70, 0.60 using Fisher's exact test.
Lasers based on time-dependent gain media (2022)

We present a new gain concept based on time-modulated quantum systems. We show “Floquet lasers” incorporating this gain enable phenomena such as single-threshold coherent multimode lasing and even lasing without traditional population inversion.
Standardised Sonneratia apetala Buch.-Ham. fruit extract inhibits human neutrophil elastase and attenuates elastase-induced lung injury in mice (2022)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) along with asthma is a major and increasing global health problem. Smoking contributes to about 80%-90% of total COPD cases in the world. COPD leads to the narrowing of small airways and destruction of lung tissue leading to emphysema primarily caused by neutrophil elastase. Neutrophil elastase plays an important role in disease progression in COPD patients and has emerged as an important target for drug discovery. <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. is a mangrove plant belonging to family Sonneratiaceae. It is widely found in the Sundarban regions of India. While the fruits of this plant have antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant and astringent activities, fruit and leaf extracts have been shown to reduce the symptoms of asthma and cough. The aim of this study is to find whether hydro alcoholic fruit extracts of <i>S. apetala</i> inhibit neutrophil elastase and thus prevent the progression of neutrophil elastase-driven lung emphysema. The hydroalcoholic extract, ethanol: water (90:10), of the <i>S. apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. fresh fruits (SAM) were used for neutrophil elastase enzyme kinetic assay and IC<sub>50</sub> of the extract was determined. The novel HPLC method has been developed and the extract was standardized with gallic acid and ellagic acid as standards. The extract was further subjected to LC-MS<sup>2</sup> profiling to identify key phytochemicals. The standardized SAM extract contains 53 μg/mg of gallic acid and 95 μg/mg of ellagic acid, based on the HPLC calibration curve. SAM also reversed the elastase-induced morphological change of human epithelial cells and prevented the release of ICAM-1 <i>in vitro</i> and an MTT assay was conducted to assess the viability. Further, 10 mg/kg SAM had reduced alveolar collapse induced by neutrophil elastase in the mice model. Thus, in this study, we reported for the first time that <i>S. apetala</i> fruit extract has the potential to inhibit human neutrophil elastase <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.
Dimethyl acetamide sorption equilibria in a urethane/urea/ether block copolymer (1991)

Abstract A study of the interaction of solvent in a urethane/urea/ether copolymer belonging to the spandex family of materials is presented. Sorption and desorption isotherm data for N , N ‐dimethylacetamide (DMAc) in spandex solutions are used to determine thermodynamic parameters of solvent/polymer interaction. Isosteric enthalpies for sorption of DMAc tend to approach the heat of evaporation of DMAc at high sorbed concentrations. A qualitative mechanism for assemblage of hard‐segment domains in the polymer during desorption is presented and interpreted in terms of the sorption isotherms and isosteric enthalpy data. The study provides useful insights into the influence of particulate additives, such as titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) in the solution.
Power line communication network for a customer-end AC grid in an LVDC distribution system (2014)

Communication is needed in modern smart grids (SGs) for instance in load control, automatic metering infrastructure (AMI), and grid monitoring and protection. Power line communication (PLC) is studied as the data transmission solution for a low-voltage direct current (LVDC) electricity distribution system in the DC grid; channel analysis, noise in the channel, and the performance of both the narrowband and broadband PLC have been studied previously. However, the applicability and performance of PLC in the grid end from the customer-end inverter (CEI), which converts the low-voltage DC back to 230/400 AC, to the customer loads has not been studied. The load control takes place in the customer utility box (CUB) on the customer premises. The channel in the grid end is challenging; the CEI, implemented with power-electronic switches, generates impulsive noise both to the DC and AC networks, and presents the major noise source in the PLC channel. Thus, the customer-end AC network is studied by measurements and data transmission tests. In addition, the PLC network architecture for the whole LVDC system is proposed.
44.4: Display Technologies for LED Lighting, Part II: Scalable Optical Architectures Enabled by Modular Film Based Components (2015)

A novel luminaire architecture based on LCD display light management technologies is described. Results from prototype lighting systems demonstrate directional control capabilities comparable to lensed LED arrays, but with large uniformlyemitting surfaces more typical of traditional Lambertian fixtures are discussed.
A proposal for transaction-level verification with Component Wrapper Language (2003)

We propose a new approach to accelerate transaction level verification by raising the productivity of the verification suites including test patterns, protocol checker, and simulation-coverage analyzer This approach combines the conventional transaction level language such as C and the signal level language based on our previously developed Component Wrapper Language (CWL). This approach is based on two concepts. The first one is a complete separation between transaction-level verification and signal-level verification for generating suitable verification suites in each design phase. The second one is the quick generation of signal-level verification suites from the original specification written in CWL. Experimental results show that our approach should yield much shorter verification periods versus conventional methods.
Synchronization of Coupled Optomechanical Oscillators (2012)

We demonstrate experimentally the synchronization of two micromechanical oscillators actuated by the optical radiation field. The mutual coupling is purely optical and fully tunable. Upon synchronization, the phase noise drops in agreement with the prediction.
Performance analysis of noncoherent frame synchronization in satellite communications with frequency uncertainty (2015)

Emerging markets for satellite communications, such as maritime and aeronautical applications, require reliable communications in challenging conditions and low-cost, low-complexity user terminals. In this perspective, the synchronization chain is a fundamental part of the receiver and its design becomes critical. When a quadricorrelator is used as first stage of the synchronization chain so as to perform a coarse frequency estimation, then a noncoherent algorithm for frame synchronization can be employed as second stage. A popular algorithm for frame synchronization is the post-detection integration (PDI), whose noncoherent version (NCPDI) is quite robust to non-negligible residual frequency offsets. In this paper we will assess the performance of NCPDI in presence of a random uniformly-distributed residual frequency offset and will find a closed-form approximation for the probability of detection. Moreover, we will optimize the design parameters of NCPDI for a system operating at very low signal-to-noise ratio (VL-SNR) by minimizing the probability of missed detection for a given probability of false alarm.
Block Successive Convex Approximation Algorithms for Nonsmooth Nonconvex Optimization (2019)

We propose a block successive convex approximation algorithm for large-scale nonsmooth nonconvex optimization problems. It is suitable for problems where the dimension exceeds the memory and/or the processing capability of the existing hardware. The proposed algorithm partitions the whole set of variables into blocks which are updated sequentially. At each iteration, a particular block variable is selected and updated by solving an approximation subproblem with respect to that block variable only. The proposed algorithm has several attractive features, namely, i) high flexibility, as the approximation function only needs to be strictly convex and it does not have to be a global upper bound of the original function; ii) fast convergence, as the approximation function can be designed to exploit the problem structure at hand and the stepsize is calculated by the line search; iii) low complexity, as the line search scheme is carried out over a properly constructed differentiable function; iv) guaranteed convergence to a stationary point, even when the objective function does not have a Lipschitz continuous gradient. These features are illustrated by an application in network anomaly detection.
The effects of surface contamination on resistance degradation of hot-switched low-force MEMS electrical contacts (2005)

This work investigated the relationship between the resistance degradation in low-force metal contacts and hot-switched operational conditions representative of MEMS devices. A modified nano-indentation apparatus was used to bring electrically-biased gold and platinum surfaces into contact at a load of 100 /spl mu/N. The applied normal force and electrical contact resistance of the contact materials was measured simultaneously. The influence of parallel discharge paths for stored electrical energy in the contact circuit is discussed in relation to surface contamination decomposition and the observed resistance degradation.
Mapping Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Site(s): Critical Molecular Determinant and Signaling Profile of GAT100, a Novel, Potent, and Irreversibly Binding Probe (2016)

One of the most abundant G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) in brain, the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R), is a tractable therapeutic target for treating diverse psychobehavioral and somatic disorders. Adverse on-target effects associated with small-molecule CB1R orthosteric agonists and inverse agonists/antagonists have plagued their translational potential. Allosteric CB1R modulators offer a potentially safer modality through which CB1R signaling may be directed for therapeutic benefit. Rational design of candidate, druglike CB1R allosteric modulators requires greater understanding of the architecture of the CB1R allosteric endodomain(s) and the capacity of CB1R allosteric ligands to tune the receptor's information output. We have recently reported the synthesis of a focused library of rationally designed, covalent analogues of Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1, two prototypic CB1R negative allosteric modulators (NAMs). Among the novel, pharmacologically active CB1R NAMs reported, the isothiocyanate GAT100 emerged as the lead by virtue of its exceptional potency in the [(35)S]GTPγS and β-arrestin signaling assays and its ability to label CB1R as a covalent allosteric probe with significantly reduced inverse agonism in the [(35)S]GTPγS assay as compared to Org27569. We report here a comprehensive functional profiling of GAT100 across an array of important downstream cell-signaling pathways and analysis of its potential orthosteric probe-dependence and signaling bias. The results demonstrate that GAT100 is a NAM of the orthosteric CB1R agonist CP55,940 and the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol and anandamide for β-arrestin1 recruitment, PLCβ3 and ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cAMP accumulation, and CB1R internalization in HEK293A cells overexpressing CB1R and in Neuro2a and STHdh(Q7/Q7) cells endogenously expressing CB1R. Distinctively, GAT100 was a more potent and efficacious CB1R NAM than Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1 in all signaling assays and did not exhibit the inverse agonism associated with Org27569 and PSNCBAM-1. Computational docking studies implicate C7.38(382) as a key feature of GAT100 ligand-binding motif. These data help inform the engineering of newer-generation, druggable CB1R allosteric modulators and demonstrate the utility of GAT100 as a covalent probe for mapping structure-function correlates characteristic of the druggable CB1R allosteric space.
Carbon Nanofoam-Based Cathodes for Li–O2Batteries: Correlation of Pore–Solid Architecture and Electrochemical Performance (2013)

Freestanding, binder-free carbon nanofoam papers afford the opportunity to gauge the influence of pore size on the discharge capacity of Li–O2 cells. Four sets of carbon nanofoam papers were synthesized from resorcinol–formaldehyde sols, with pore size distributions in pyrolyzed forms ranging from mesopores (5–50 nm) to a size regime not represented in the literature for Li-O2 cathodes—small macropores (50–200 nm). The first-cycle discharge capacity in cells containing 0.1 M LiClO4 in dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether tracks the average pore size distribution in the carbon nanofoam cathode, rather than the specific surface area of the nanoscale carbon network or its total pore volume. The macroporous nanofoams yield cathode specific capacity of 1000–1250 mA h g−1 at –0.1 mA cm−2 discharge rate, approximately twice that of the mesoporous nanofoams (∼580–670 mA h g−1), even though the macroporous foams have lower specific surface areas (270 and 375 vs. >400 m2 g−1). The specific capacity of the cathode decreases as the thickness of macroporous carbon nanofoam paper is increased from 180- to 530-μm, which indicates that the interior pore volume is underutilized, particularly with thicker nanofoams. For the four pore–solid nanofoam architectures studied, the specific capacity is limited by pore occlusion arising from solid Li2O2 product that is electrogenerated near the outer boundaries of the nanofoams.
Recombination activating gene-2null severe combined immunodeficient pigs and mice engraft human induced pluripotent stem cells differently (2017)

This study comparatively investigated the transcriptional, physiological, and phenotypic differences of the immune disorder between severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mouse and pig models. We discovered that the recombination activating gene-2 (<i>Rag-2</i>) SCID mice, but not <i>RAG-2</i> SCID pigs, showed intense, infrequent, and mild cluster of CD3<sup>+</sup>-, CD4<sup>+</sup>-, and CD8<sup>+</sup> signals respectively, suggesting that distinct species-specific effects exist. Furthermore, the expression of six relevant genes (<i>NFATC1</i>, <i>CD79B</i>, <i>CD2</i>, <i>BLNK</i>, <i>FOXO1</i>, and <i>CD40)</i> was more downregulated than that in the <i>Rag-2</i> SCID mice, which provides a partial rationale for the death of T/B cells in the lymphoid organs of <i>RAG-2</i> SCID pigs but not in <i>Rag-2</i> SCID mice. Further, NK cell maturation-related gene expression was significantly lower in <i>RAG-2</i> SCID pigs than in <i>Rag-2</i> SCID mice. Consistently, the <i>RAG-2</i> SCID pigs, but not <i>Rag-2</i> SCID mice, developed human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived teratomas that were the same as those of <i>perforin</i>/<i>Rag-2</i> SCID mice. Therefore, these unexpected findings indicate the superiority of <i>RAG-2</i> SCID pigs over <i>Rag-2</i> SCID mice as a suitable model for investigating human diseases.
Solid-phase synthesis of peptide aldehydes by a Backbone Amide Linker (BAL) strategy (2006)

C-Terminal peptide aldehydes are potential serine, cysteine and aspartic protease inhibitors, which are emerging as promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of, for example, viral infections [1-4]. There is a need for rapid, efficient, and general solid-phase strategies for synthesis of such compounds. Current methods include release from a Weinreb amide-based handle with from a semicarbazone handle with dilute acid, or from an olefinic linker by ozonolysis [5-7]. Recently, we reported the synthesis of a peptide aldehyde with a C t e rmina l glycinal residue starting from 2,2-dimethoxyethylamine anchored to a BAL handle [8]. Here we report on the extension of this strategy to allow for synthesis of complex peptide aldehydes (Fig. 1).
WDR81 Is Necessary for Purkinje and Photoreceptor Cell Survival (2013)

The gene encoding the WD repeat-containing protein 81 (WDR81) has recently been described as the disease locus in a consanguineous family that suffers from cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation, and quadrupedal locomotion syndrome (CAMRQ2). Adult mice from the N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mutant mouse line nur5 display tremor and an abnormal gait, as well as Purkinje cell degeneration and photoreceptor cell loss. We have used polymorphic marker mapping to demonstrate that affected nur5 mice carry a missense mutation, L1349P, in the Wdr81 gene. Moreover, homozygous nur5 mice that carry a wild-type Wdr81 transgene are rescued from the abnormal phenotype, indicating that Wdr81 is the causative gene in nur5. WDR81 is expressed in Purkinje cells and photoreceptor cells, among other CNS neurons, and like the human mutation, the nur5 modification lies in the predicted major facilitator superfamily domain of the WDR81 protein. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that a subset of mitochondria in Purkinje cell dendrites of the mutant animals displayed an aberrant, large spheroid-like structure. Moreover, immunoelectron microscopy and analysis of mitochondrial-enriched cerebellum fractions indicate that WDR81 is localized in mitochondria of Purkinje cell neurons. Because the nur5 mouse mutant demonstrates phenotypic similarities to the human disease, it provides a valuable genetic model for elucidating the pathogenic mechanism of the WDR81 mutation in CAMRQ2.
Cost-effective analysis of hepatitis a prevention in Ireland (2000)

The best cost-effective strategy relates to target group immunity. Where HAV immunity is 45% or less, vaccination is the strategy of choice and when immunity is greater than 45%, then screening followed by vaccination should be used. This study can be used to provide a framework within which choices can be made to achieve better health for less cost.
Exploring the traditional medicine of Atacama people from Northern Chile as in inestimable source of bioactive compounds (2019)

Background Traditional medicines from Northern Chile have not been extensively studied [1]. Nevertheless, they should be considered as a potential source of bioactive compounds, especially in the fields of infectious and neglected tropical diseases, chronic inflammation and multiple drug resistance.
What is Impedance and Dielectric Spectroscopy? (2022)

Impedance and Dielectric Spectroscopy (IS/DS) is a broadband characterization tool that can provide a wide range of information not often accessible by using single frequency measurements or dc methods. With IS/DS one can detect and often isolate responses due to the bulk of the materials or devices, the presence of internal and external interfaces as well as capture details associated with charge storage and dissipation. Equipment suitable for making measurements over as many as 12 orders of magnitude in frequency is now easily available, and the technique has found niches in the characterization of batteries, fuel cells and solar cells because all of these devices contain many different material layers and a wide variety of electrical responses. Many studies in the literature describe examples of individual components of these energy related devices. IS/DS has also been used as a method of quality control of capacitors and to monitor aging of electrical and structural components. However, the method is not limited to energy related devices only. Any material and/or device regardless of its end application may be characterized to determine the contributions of the different components/interfaces encountered and the frequency dependencies observed. Responses for dielectric type materials are best interpreted in the dielectric formalism while more conducting materials are best described in terms of conductivity as a function of temperature and/or atmosphere.
Influence of the Contact Area on the Current Density across Molecular Tunneling Junctions Measured with EGaIn Top-Electrodes (2017)

This paper describes the relationship between the rates of charge transport (by tunneling) across self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) in a metal/SAM//Ga2O3/EGaIn junction and the geometric contact area (Ag) between the conical Ga2O3/EGaIn top-electrode and the bottom-electrode. Measurements of current density, J(V), across SAMs of decanethiolate on silver demonstrate that J(V) increases with Ag when the contact area is small (Ag < 1000 μm2), but reaches a plateau between 1000 and 4000 μm2, where J(0.5 V) ≈ 10–0.52±0.10 A/cm2. The method used to fabricate Ga2O3/EGaIn electrodes generates a tip whose apex is thicker and rougher than its thin, smoother sides. When Ag is small, the Ga2O3/EGaIn electrode contacts the bottom-electrode principally over this rough apex and forms irreproducible areas of electrical contact. When Ag is large, the contact is through the smoother regions peripheral to the apex and is much more reproducible. Measurements of contact pressure between conical EGaIn electrodes and atomic force microscope cantilevers demonstrate that the nominal contact pressure (governed by the mechanical behavior of the oxide skin) decreases approximately inversely with the diameter of geometric contact. This self-regulation of pressure prevents damage to the SAM and makes the ratio of electrical contact area to geometric footprint approximately constant.
Present and Future of Thermoplastic Elastomers As Environmentally Friendly Organic Materials (2010)

Much interest on the thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) has recently been attracted in commercial fields as well as scientific and applied researches. The TPEs have their own characteristic area especially in relation with block copolymers as well as many other polymeric materials, since they show interesting features displayed by the conventional vulcanized rubber, and at the same time, by the thermoplastics. In addition, they are characterized by a set of interesting properties inherent to block and graft copolymers, variety of blends and vulcanized materials. The importance of TPE as organic materials can be evaluated by the number of published reports (papers, patents, technical reports, etc). The input of the concept 'thermoplastic elastomer' to SciFinderScholar yields 18,508 results between 1939 and July 10, 2010, and the number increased exponentially after the mid of 1990. For the suitable introduction of the TPE, historic, scientific, technical and commercial considerations should be taken into account. This review article starts with a brief discussion on historical considerations, followed by a introduction of the main preparations and analytical techniques utilized in chemical, structural, and morphological studies. The properties, processing tools, the position among organic materials, and applications of TPEs are also briefly reviewed. Finally, the most probable trends of their future development are discussed in a short final remarks.