gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Depression, Antidepressants, and Body Weight Changea (1989)

The excessive weight gain observed during treatment of depression with antidepressant medications is caused in part, at least in some persons, by reductions in resting metabolic rate. Such problematic weight gain appears unrelated to clinical recovery, weight change during the depressive episode, prior weight, or other related factors. Preliminary results suggest that increased energy efficiency (of about 16-24%) during treatment with tricyclic antidepressants could promote weight gain even in the absence of a change in caloric intake. This is not a property of all antidepressants, as demonstrated by the increase in metabolic rate and associated weight loss observed during treatment with the monocyclic antidepressant compound fluvoxamine. Should these serotonergic compounds continue to be effective antidepressants, they may be better accepted by patients, and their use help avoid medication noncompliance. In considering energy balance and weight change, our focus has been drawn to altered metabolic rate. Continuing studies do not suggest an effect of antidepressants on appetite, particularly the presence of "carbohydrate craving," either during treatment or during a depressive episode. Certainly, a notable preference for highly palatable foods (rich in fats and carbohydrates) occurs during the depressive episode, but not during treatment. These foods cannot be labeled carbohydrates.
The combined mechanism of bone morphogenetic protein- and calcium phosphate-induced skeletal tissue formation by human periosteum derived cells (2016)

When combining osteogenic progenitor cells such as human periosteum derived cells (hPDCs) with osteoconductive biomaterials like calcium phosphate (CaP)-scaffolds, in vivo bone formation can be achieved. This process is dependent on the early activation of Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-signalling. However, the bone forming process is slow and routinely only a limited amount of bone and bone marrow is formed. Therefore, we hypothesised that a robust clinically relevant outcome could be achieved by adding more physiological levels of potent BMP-ligands to these cell- and CaP-based constructs. For this, hPDCs were characterised for their responsiveness to BMP-ligands upon in vitro 2D stimulation. BMP-2, -4, -6 and -9 robustly induced osteochondrogenic differentiation. Subsequently, these ligands were coated onto clinically approved CaP-scaffolds, BioOss® and CopiOs®, followed by hPDC-seeding. Protein lysates and conditioned media were investigated for activation of BMP signalling pathways. Upon in vivo implantation, the most abundant bone formation was found in BMP-2 and BMP-6-coated scaffolds. Implanted cells actively contributed to the newly formed bone. Remnants of cartilage could be observed in BMP-coated CopiOs®-constructs. Computational analysis displayed that the type of BMP-ligand as well as the CaP-scaffold affects skeletal tissue formation, observed in a qualitative as well as quantitative manner. Furthermore, the in vitro mechanism appears to predict the in vivo outcome. This study presents further evidence for the potential of BMP-technology in the development of clinically relevant cell-based constructs for bone regenerative strategies.
Non-avalanche single photon detection without carrier transit-time delay through quantum capacitive coupling (2017)

Searching for innovative approaches to detect single photons remains at the center of science and technology for decades. This paper proposes a zero transit-time, non-avalanche quantum capacitive photodetector to register single photons. In this detector, the absorption of a single photon changes the wave function of a single electron trapped in a quantum dot (QD), leading to a charge density redistribution nearby. This redistribution translates into a voltage signal through capacitive coupling between the QD and the measurement probe. Using InAs QD/AlAs barrier as a model system, the simulation shows that the output signal reaches ~4 mV per absorbed photon, promising for high-sensitivity, ps single-photon detection.
Transcrition of mannose metabolism genes relates to protein secretion in Trichoderma reesei (2000)

Conference Abstract| October 01 2000 Transcrition of mannose metabolism genes relates to protein secretion in Trichoderma reesei J. S. Kruszewska; J. S. Kruszewska 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02 106 Warsaw, Poland, 2.VTT-Biotechnology, Espoo, PO Box 1500, FIN 02044VTT, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Saloheimo; M. Saloheimo 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02 106 Warsaw, Poland, 2.VTT-Biotechnology, Espoo, PO Box 1500, FIN 02044VTT, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. Penttila; M. Penttila 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02 106 Warsaw, Poland, 2.VTT-Biotechnology, Espoo, PO Box 1500, FIN 02044VTT, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar G. Palamarczyk G. Palamarczyk 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics PAS, Pawinskiego 5a, 02 106 Warsaw, Poland, 2.VTT-Biotechnology, Espoo, PO Box 1500, FIN 02044VTT, Finland Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (2000) 28 (5): A336. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a336 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. S. Kruszewska, M. Saloheimo, M. Penttila, G. Palamarczyk; Transcrition of mannose metabolism genes relates to protein secretion in Trichoderma reesei. Biochem Soc Trans 1 October 2000; 28 (5): A336. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst028a336 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 2000 Biochemical Society2000 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
2018: Year in Review and Message from the Editors to Our Reviewers (2019)

At the time of writing this Helix, the ranks of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) have swelled to 48 genes or genetic loci mirroring a similar development in other categories of movement disorders such as dystonia or spastic paraplegia.1 Although SCAs have a worldwide distribution, some of the recently identified SCAs have shown regional aggregation. SCA42 is one such example. It is caused by mutation in CACNA1G and was initially described only in French and Japanese families. Now, Ngo et al.2 describe CACNA1G mutations in 3 pedigrees from Italy, Eastern Europe, and Yemen. Interestingly, all SCA42 families described so far share the same mutation suggesting that the mutation (hg19:chr17:48694921G>A, p.Arg1715His) is a mutational hot spot.
Design and Experimental Implementation of an Electromagnetic Engine Valve Drive (2005)

In conventional internal combustion engines, engine valve displacements are fixed relative to crankshaft position. If these valves were actuated as a variable function of crankshaft angle, significant improvements in fuel economy could be achieved. To this end, a new type of electromagnetic valve drive system (EMVD) for internal combustion engines was more recently proposed. This EMVD incorporates a disk cam with a very desirable nonlinear profile which that functions as a nonlinear mechanical transformer. Modeling and simulation results showed significant advantages of this EMVD over previously designed electromagnetic engine valve drives. In this articles, we describe an experimental implementation of the proposed EMVD, which was developed to confirm these benefits. The EMVD apparatus was designed, constructed, and integrated into a computer-controlled experimental test stand. The experimental results confirm the benefits of using a nonlinear mechanical transformer in a motordriven engine-valve spring system, as seen in the small average power consumption and low valve seating velocity. In addition, a valve transition time sufficient for 6000-rpm engine operation was achieved. The results also suggest ways to improve the EMVD apparatus in the future.
Function-based modeling of binaural processing: Level and time cues (1993)

From theoretical considerations, function-based modeling predicts the input-output characteristics of a neural system intended to perform a signal processing task within a sensory system. The sensory task under study here is the time- and level-based localization of a high-frequency, possibly amplitude-modulated, sound source in the horizontal plane. The stimulus is assumed to be represented by each ear's primary-like discharge pattern. An optimal system that extracts azimuthal angle from these discharge patterns, which represent acoustic time and level localization cues, has been derived. This system can be described as the maximization of a sum of three subsystems' outputs. The stimulus cues employed by these systems are interaural level difference for the level-based subsystem, the interaural onset-time difference for the time-based subsystem, and the interaural envelope-phase difference for the phase-based subsystem. The system encompassing all these cues is shown to trade-off the level, time, and envelope-phase cues depending upon the time since stimulus onset, the observation time, and the incident signal's level. How this system might correspond to known structures in the lower auditory pathway is described.
Gas‐fragmentation study of the novel synthetic zwitterionic drug 3‐methyl‐9‐(2‐oxa‐2λ5‐2 H ‐1,3,2‐oxazaphosphorine‐2‐cyclohexyl)‐3,6,9‐triazaspiro[5,5]undecane chloride (SLXM‐2) by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2010)

The zwitterionic drug 3-methyl-9-(2-oxa-2lambda5-2H-1,3,2-oxazaphosphorine-2-cyclohexyl)-3,6,9-triazaspiro[5,5]undecane chloride (SLXM-2) is a novel synthetic compound which has shown anticancer activity and low toxicity in vivo. In this study, the various gas-phase fragmentation routes were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (positive ion mode) in conjunction with tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) for the first time. In ESI-MS the fragment ion at m/z 289 (base peak) was formed by loss of the chlorine anion from the zwitterionic precursor SLXM-2. The fragment ion at m/z 232 was formed from the ion at m/z 289 by loss of 1-methylaziridine. The detailed gas-phase collision-induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation mechanisms obtained from the various precursor ions extracted from the zwitterionic SLXM-2 drug was obtained by tandem mass spectrometry analyses.
A Generic Framework for Optimizing Digital Intensive Harmonic Rejection Receivers (2012)

Due to the use of switching down converters, harmonic down mixing in wideband wireless application causes distortion to the desired signal. This paper studies this problem with a multi-path down mixing method, which currently is a hot research topic. Digital intensive recombination is proposed fort he first time, in contrast to the traditional "analog recombination"scheme which suffers from the limited harmonic rejection performance due to mismatch among different paths and inaccuracy of scaling factors. A generic framework with mathematical model description is presented in this paper for digital intensive optimization of multi-path harmonic rejection scheme. A mathematical derivation to optimize a generic case with N paths and aiming at rejecting up to the Mth order harmonics is proposed. Additionally, we present an optimal solution to achieve the best harmonic rejection performance for a generic case based on least squares criterion. Specific cases, three and four paths to reject up to the fifth-order harmonics are studied using the proposed mathematical framework. The results show that, theoretically, 18.12dB and complete harmonic rejection can be achieved for three and four paths respectively, which provide mathematical proof for existing multi-path harmonic rejection solutions.
Interactions of Streptococcus suis serotype 2 with human meningeal cells and astrocytes (2015)

Though S. suis serotype 2 interacted with human meningeal cells and astrocytes, there was no correlation between sequence type and interaction. Consequently, the adhesion to and invasion of human meningeal cells and astrocytes are strain-specific characteristics. As such, the meningeal cells of the leptomeninges and the astrocytes of the glia limitans superficialis may not be directly implicated in the inflammatory response observed during meningitis in humans.
Design Considerations for RNA Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs) (2016)

Ribonucleic acids (RNAs) are key components in many cellular processes such as cell division, differentiation, growth, aging, and death. RNA spherical nucleic acids (RNA-SNAs), which consist of dense shells of double-stranded RNA on nanoparticle surfaces, are powerful and promising therapeutic modalities because they confer advantages over linear RNA such as high cellular uptake and enhanced stability. Due to their three-dimensional shell of oligonucleotides, SNAs, in comparison to linear nucleic acids, interact with the biological environment in unique ways. Herein, the modularity of the RNA-SNA is used to systematically study structure-function relationships in order to understand how the oligonucleotide shell affects interactions with a specific type of biological environment, namely, one that contains serum nucleases. We use a combination of experiment and theory to determine the key architectural properties (i.e., sequence, density, spacer moiety, and backfill molecule) that affect how RNA-SNAs interact with serum nucleases. These data establish a set of design parameters for SNA architectures that are optimized in terms of stability.
Strong Generalization and Efficiency in Neural Programs (2020)

We study the problem of learning efficient algorithms that strongly generalize in the framework of neural program induction. By carefully designing the input / output interfaces of the neural model and through imitation, we are able to learn models that produce correct results for arbitrary input sizes, achieving strong generalization. Moreover, by using reinforcement learning, we optimize for program efficiency metrics, and discover new algorithms that surpass the teacher used in imitation. With this, our approach can learn to outperform custom-written solutions for a variety of problems, as we tested it on sorting, searching in ordered lists and the NP-complete 0/1 knapsack problem, which sets a notable milestone in the field of Neural Program Induction. As highlights, our learned model can perform sorting perfectly on any input data size we tested on, with $O(n log n)$ complexity, whilst outperforming hand-coded algorithms, including quick sort, in number of operations even for list sizes far beyond those seen during training.
Radiometric ray-tracing (1991)

A new method of ray-tracing for optical system design (including imaging and nonimaging system) is proposed. The method can be used for computing radiometric functions such as brightness (or phase-space density), emissivity (or optical intensity), radiant intensity, and optical flux (power), for quasihomogenous fields, 1 - 3 with arbitrary intensity distribution and arbitrary degree of spatial coherence. Based on phase space formalism, the method can adapt geometrical ray-trajectories, weighted by optical intensity and 2-D Fourier transform of coherence degree, according to the generalized brightness theorem.
Bifurcation and chaos in a simple passive bipedal gait (2002)

This paper proposes an analysis of the behavior of perhaps the simplest biped robot: the compass gait model. It has been shown previously that such a robot can walk down a slope indefinitely without any actuation. Passive motions of this nature are of particular interest since they may lead us to strategies for controlling active walking machines as well as to a better understanding of human locomotion. We show here that, depending on the parameters of the system, passive compass gait may exhibit 1-periodic, 2/sup n/-periodic and chaotic gaits proceeding from cascades of period-doubling bifurcations. Since compass equations are quite involved (they combine nonlinear differential and algebraic equations in a 4-dimensional space), our investigations rely, in part, on numerical simulations.
Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H Blocks MST2-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Regulating <i>a-raf</i> Transcription (2023)

Supplementary Figures 1-6 from Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein H Blocks MST2-Mediated Apoptosis in Cancer Cells by Regulating &lt;i&gt;a-raf&lt;/i&gt; Transcription
Choriocapillaris and Choroidal Microvasculature Imaging with Ultrahigh Speed OCT Angiography (2013)

We demonstrate in vivo choriocapillaris and choroidal microvasculature imaging in normal human subjects using optical coherence tomography (OCT). An ultrahigh speed swept source OCT prototype at 1060 nm wavelengths with a 400 kHz A-scan rate is developed for three-dimensional ultrahigh speed imaging of the posterior eye. OCT angiography is used to image three-dimensional vascular structure without the need for exogenous fluorophores by detecting erythrocyte motion contrast between OCT intensity cross-sectional images acquired rapidly and repeatedly from the same location on the retina. En face OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature are visualized by acquiring cross-sectional OCT angiograms volumetrically via raster scanning and segmenting the three-dimensional angiographic data at multiple depths below the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Fine microvasculature of the choriocapillaris, as well as tightly packed networks of feeding arterioles and draining venules, can be visualized at different en face depths. Panoramic ultra-wide field stitched OCT angiograms of the choriocapillaris spanning ∼32 mm on the retina show distinct vascular structures at different fundus locations. Isolated smaller fields at the central fovea and ∼6 mm nasal to the fovea at the depths of the choriocapillaris and Sattler's layer show vasculature structures consistent with established architectural morphology from histological and electron micrograph corrosion casting studies. Choriocapillaris imaging was performed in eight healthy volunteers with OCT angiograms successfully acquired from all subjects. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrahigh speed OCT for in vivo dye-free choriocapillaris and choroidal vasculature imaging, in addition to conventional structural imaging.
New Chiral Molybdenum Catalysts for Asymmetric Olefin Metathesis that Contain 3,3‘-Disubstituted Octahydrobinaphtholate or 2,6-Dichlorophenylimido Ligands (2001)

Optically pure (R)-5,5‘,6,6‘,7,7‘,8,8‘-octahydro-1,1‘-bi-2-naphthol was derivatized with mesityl and benzhydryl groups in the 3 and 3‘ positions to give R-H2Mes2Bitet and R-H2Benz2Bitet, respectively. Addition of R-K2Benz2Bitet to Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(OTf)2(dme) yielded Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(R-Benz2Bitet)(THF) (7), while addition of R-K2Mes2Bitet to Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(OTf)2(dme) in THF gave Mo(NAr)(CHCMe2Ph)(R-Mes2Bitet)(THF) (8). Four complexes that contained the 2,6-dichlorophenylimido ligand were prepared by similar procedures, namely, Mo(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(S-Biphen)(THF) (9), Mo(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(R-Trip2BINO)(THF) (10), Mo(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(R-Mes2Bitet)(THF) (11), and Mo(NArCl)(CHCMe3)(R-Benz2Bitet)(THF) (12). X-ray studies of 8, 9, and 12 revealed them to be typical distorted trigonal bipyramids with THF and one biphenolate oxygen occupying axial positions. In 9 and 12 the alkylidene orientation was found to be syn, while in 8 the alkylidene orientation was found to be anti. Catalysts 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and 12 were all efficient in terms of both conversion and % ee for two standard desymmetrization reactions to form dihydrofurans.
In vivo microscopy reveals macrophage polarization locally promotes coherent microtubule dynamics in migrating cancer cells (2020)

Microtubules (MTs) mediate mitosis, directional signaling, and are therapeutic targets in cancer. Yet in vivo analysis of cancer cell MT behavior within the tumor microenvironment remains challenging. Here we developed an imaging pipeline using plus-end tip tracking and intravital microscopy to quantify MT dynamics in live xenograft tumor models. Among analyzed features, cancer cells in vivo displayed higher coherent orientation of MT dynamics along their cell major axes compared with 2D in vitro cultures, and distinct from 3D collagen gel cultures. This in vivo MT phenotype was reproduced in vitro when cells were co-cultured with IL4-polarized MΦ. MΦ depletion, MT disruption, targeted kinase inhibition, and altered MΦ polarization via IL10R blockade all reduced MT coherence and/or tumor cell elongation. We show that MT coherence is a defining feature for in vivo tumor cell dynamics and migration, modulated by local signaling from pro-tumor macrophages.
Disorders with Increased or Decreased Responsiveness to Extracellular Ca2+ Owing to Mutations in the Ca2+ o-Sensing Receptor (1998)

Calcium (Ca2+) ions are of vital importance for numerous intra- and extracellular functions (1,2). Cytosolic free calcium (Ca2+ i) is a key second messenger and enzymatic cofactor that coordinates and controls cellular processes as diverse as muscular contraction, secretion, and glycogen metabolism as well as cellular proliferation, differentiation, and motility (2). The basal level of Ca2+ i, generally~100 nM, is much lower than the extracellular ionized calcium concentration (Ca2+ o) (~1 mM) and undergoes large, rapid fluctuations owing to release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores and/or uptake of Ca2+ through the plasma membrane. Ca2+ o, in contrast, remains nearly constant, varying by only a few percent under normal circumstances (1,3–5). Ca2+ o also has numerous critical funtions, including promoting blood clotting, regulating neuromuscular excitability, and maintaining skeletal integrity.
Rechargeable Sodium All-Solid-State Battery (2017)

A reversible plating/stripping of a dendrite-free metallic-sodium anode with a reduced anode/ceramic interfacial resistance is created by a thin interfacial interlayer formed <i>in situ</i> or by the introduction of a dry polymer film. Wetting of the sodium on the interfacial interlayer suppresses dendrite formation and growth at different discharge/charge C-rates. Furthermore, all-solid-state batteries were obtained with a high cycling stability and Coulombic efficiency at 65 °C.
Styroflex: A New Transparent Styrene-Butadiene Copolymer with High Flexibility (1998)

Styroflex, a new styrenic thermoplastic elastomer, is obtained by sequential anionic polymerization of styrene and butadiene having a block sequence S-SB-S. It proved to match the property profile of plasticized PVC in the most important features such as transparency, mechanics, processability, and permeability. Impact strength and elastic recovery are even more pronounced. Styroflex is currently being tested as material for the food packaging industry. Together with Styrolux and general purpose polystyrene it forms a unit construction system e.g. for transparent film materials and injection molded parts allowing finetuning of hardness and toughness.
Motexafin gadolinium: a promising radiation sensitizer in brain metastasis (2011)

Motexafin gadolinium is a novel radiosensitizer with clearly documented efficacy, particularly in patients with brain metastases. If this agent had been tested upfront in patients diagnosed with brain metastases from NSCLC who had not been delayed by the administration of systemic chemotherapy, it may have become part of the standard of care in this setting. Continued investigations using this agent are under way and remain promising.