gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering the Berreman mode in mid-infrared polar materials (2020)

We demonstrate coupling to and control over the broadening and dispersion of a mid-infrared leaky mode, known as the Berreman mode, in samples with different dielectric environments. We fabricate subwavelength films of AlN, a mid-infrared epsilon-near-zero material that supports the Berreman mode, on materials with a weakly negative permittivity, strongly negative permittivity, and positive permittivity. Additionally, we incorporate ultra-thin AlN layers into a GaN/AlN heterostructure, engineering the dielectric environment above and below the AlN. In each of the samples, coupling to the Berreman mode is observed in angle-dependent reflection measurements at wavelengths near the longitudinal optical phonon energy. The measured dispersion of the Berreman mode agrees well with numerical modes. Differences in the dispersion and broadening for the different materials is quantified, including a 13 cm<sup>-1</sup> red-shift in the energy of the Berreman mode for the heterostructure sample.
Adaptive modulation packet radio communication system using nonpersistent CSMA (2000)

In radio packet communication systems, the throughput and the average delay performance are greatly degraded when the traffic is high, since a single channel can be shared by multiple users. Another problem is that the transmission performance can vary, since the channel situation greatly depends on the communication distance. It is intended in this study to solve those problems. The concept of adaptive modulation is introduced into the radio packet communication system, and an adaptive modulation radio packet communication system is proposed in which the packet length as well as the modulation parameters are made variable. For the case where the nonpersistent carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) is used, the throughput and the average delay performance are examined by computer simulation. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 83(4): 44–52, 2000
Nanoscale boomerang-shaped octupolar molecules derived from triphenylbenzene (2002)

The octupolar framework provides a promising route towards molecular compounds combining enhanced NLO responses and improved nonlinearity-transparency trade-off. In this perspective, we have designed original three-branched boomerang-shaped nanoscale molecules. Their molecular design is based on the grafting of three conjugated blades bearing either an electron-withdrawing or an electron-releasing end group on a triphenylbenzene core which can act as a (weak) donor or acceptor counterpart. We selected oligomeric phenylene-vinylene conjugated rods to allow for efficient charge transfer between the center and the periphery of the molecule while preserving transparency. Based on this strategy, we have prepared homologous nanoscale molecules with size varying between 2 and 5 nm. These molecules exhibit a definite solvatochromic behavior, in consistence with a multidimensional intramolecular charge transfer (MDICT) taking place between the core and the peripheral groups. Large first-order hyperpolarizabilities could be achieved by taking advantage and boosting of the MDICT phenomenon while maintaining wide transparency in the visible region (up to ||<i>&#946;</i>|| = 800 10<sup>-30 </sup>e.s.u., with &#955;<sub>max</sub> = 377 nm). The superlinear dependence of <i>&#946;</i> on size and their concave shape make elongated analogues attractive candidates for future developments.
T-Lymphoblast Cell Lines from Laron Dwarfs Augment Basal Colony Formation in Response to Extremely High Concentrations of Growth Hormone* (1990)

The clinical entity of Laron dwarfism is characterized by resistance to both endogenous and exogenous GH and may be due to a deficiency or absence of functional GH receptors. We previously showed that two types of hematopoietic cells derived from these patients are resistant to the in vitro growth-promoting action of GH at concentrations below 500 micrograms/L. In the current study we found that Laron T-cell lines had a mean peak augmentation of basal colony formation of 22 +/- 3.4% above baseline in response to a GH concentration of 10,000 micrograms/L. Since cloned cDNAs for human and rabbit GH receptors and rat PRL receptors show a high degree of sequence homology, we undertook studies of PRL action in cells from patients with Laron dwarfism to determine if the Laron defect was also associated with PRL unresponsiveness. Quantitating the augmentation of colony formation by T-lymphoblast cell lines established from three Laron dwarfs, we found normal responsiveness to PRL at concentrations of 25-10,000 micrograms/L. It is, thus, possible that the responsiveness of Laron T-cell lines to very high concentrations of GH could be mediated through an intact PRL (or other lactogenic) receptor based on the known affinity of GH for these receptors in other systems. These data suggest that cells from patients with Laron dwarfism have normal in vitro responsiveness to PRL and that the defect in Laron dwarfism appears to be specific to the GH receptor-effector pathway. It remains to be determined whether intact alternative lactogenic receptor mechanisms subserve any clinical effects of GH in patients with Laron dwarfism.
When Twitter meets Foursquare: Tweet Location Prediction using Foursquare (2014)

The continued explosion of Twitter data has opened doors for many applications, such as location-based advertisement and entertainment using smartphones. Unfortunately, only about 0.58 percent of tweets are geo-tagged to date. To tackle the location sparseness problem, this paper presents a methodic
Modular bidirectional DC-DC converter for hybrid/electric vehicles with variable-frequency interleaved soft-switching (2009)

This paper presents a modular soft-switching bidirectional DC/DC converter for hybrid/electric vehicles. The converter operates in a variable-frequency quasi-square-wave (QSW) mode, which enables high efficiency, high switching frequency, and high power-density. The converter presented utilizes a new variable frequency interleaving approach which allows for each module to operate in an interleaved position while allowing for tolerance in inductance and snubber capacitor values. The variable frequency interleaved operation paired with high-efficiency soft-switching, a high-density inductor design, and optimal packaging results in a very high power-density converter. The 25 kW per module prototype converter exhibited power density greater than 8 kW/L, and peak efficiency over 97%, while operating with 100degC coolant.
Estrogen-Insensitive Progesterone Receptors in a Human Breast Cancer Cell Line: Characterization of Receptors and of a Ligand Exchange Assay* (1982)

In modified culture conditions, T47D human breast cancer cells synthesize extraordinary amounts of progesterone receptors (PgR), but, unlike other progesterone target cells, the PgR are entirely independent of estrogen controls. In the present studies we characterize some physicochemical properties of the PgR in T47D cells. We also describe an exchange assay for cytoplasmic and nuclear forms of the receptors which has enabled us to demonstrate that after progesterone treatment, translocation is stoichiometric. Despite the anomalous regulation of PgR levels, these receptors are typical of steroid receptors; they sediment at 7-8S on sucrose density gradients, they bind ligands with high affinity (Kd approximately 4 nM for R5020; Kd approximately 2 nM for progesterone), they bind only progestins specifically, and they are thermolabile (t1/2 at 37 C is approximately 15 min). Receptor levels range from 15-40 pmol/mg DNA, or more than 300,000 sites/cell. The ability of ligands to dissociate from and rebind to the receptors was measured and used in an exchange assay for nuclear PgR. The synthetic progestin R5020 dissociates readily from receptors (t1/2 approximately 3 h at 0 C and 1.5 h at 10 C), and the dissociation of progesterone is even faster (t1/2 approximately 30 min at 0 C). To quantify steroid exchange, receptor levels were measured in mixtures of hormone-filled and unfilled cytosols. These studies assess ligand dissociation and subsequent ligand rebinding. At 0 C for 4-18 H or at 10 C for 4 h, unlabeled progesterone dissociates from receptors, and R5020 rebinds all sites, resulting in 100% exchange. In contrast, despite the use of a variety of incubation times and temperatures, no more than 50% of receptors previously filled with R5020 can exchange for [3H]R5020. The progesterone to [3H]R5020 exchange assay was used to measure salt-extracted nuclear progesterone receptors. In cells treated for 5 min with 0.1 microM progesterone, all depleted cytoplasmic sites were quantitatively recovered from nuclei. These cells provide a new model system to study the molecular biology of human PgR.
Model Predictive Direct Current Control of Modular Multilevel Converters: Modeling, Analysis, and Experimental Evaluation (2014)

Modular multilevel converters (M2LCs) are typically controlled by a hierarchical control scheme, which essentially requires at least two control loops: one to control the load current and another to control circulating currents. This paper presents an M2LC with a single controller, which is based on model predictive direct current control (MPDCC) with long prediction horizons. The proposed MPDCC scheme maintains the load current within tight bounds around sinusoidal references and minimizes capacitor voltage variations and circulating currents. An internal prediction model of the M2LC is used to minimize the number of switching transitions for a given current ripple at steady state while providing a fast current response during transient conditions. A state-space model, which is generalized for an N number of modules per each arm of the M2LC, is also presented to investigate the dynamic behavior of arm currents and capacitor voltages. Simulated performance of the converter, under various operating conditions, is presented in comparison to measured performance of a single-phase, three-level 860-VA M2LC prototype to demonstrate the proposed MPDCC philosophy.
Cascade Lake: Next Generation Intel Xeon Scalable Processor (2019)

This paper introduces advances in the performance of AI and deep learning inference application on the next generation Intel Xeon Scalable processor, code-named Cascade Lake, which also includes support for Intel Optane DC persistent memory, a breakthrough nonvolatile memory technology that bridges the gap between DRAM and storage.
High-Quality Immunohistochemical Stains Through Computational Assay Parameter Optimization (2019)

Accurate profiling of tumors using immunohistochemistry (IHC) is essential in cancer diagnosis. The inferences drawn from IHC-stained images depend to a great extent on the quality of immunostaining, which is in turn affected strongly by assay parameters. To optimize assay parameters, the available tissue sample is often limited. Moreover, with current practices in pathology, exploring the entire assay parameter space is not feasible. Thus, the evaluation of IHC stained slides is conventionally a subjective task, in which diagnoses are commonly drawn on images that are suboptimal. In this work, we introduce a framework to analyze IHC staining quality and its sensitivity to process parameters. To that extent, first histopathological sections are segmented automatically. Then, machine learning techniques are employed to extract disease-specific staining quality metrics (SQMs) targeting a quantitative assessment of staining quality. Finally, an approach to efficiently analyze the parameter space is introduced to infer sensitivity to process parameters. We present results on microscale IHC tissue samples of five breast tumor classes, based on disease state and protein expression. A disease-type classification F1-score of 0.82 and a contrast-level classification F1-score of 0.95 were achieved. With the proposed SQMs, an area under the curve of 0.85 was achieved on average over different disease types. Our methodology provides a promising step in automatically evaluating and quantifying staining quality of IHC stained tissue sections, and it can potentially standardize immunostaining across diagnostic laboratories.
A Photoelectrochemical Cell Based on an Apparently Supra‐Band‐Edge Reaction: (1987)

A photoelectrochemical cell using a p‐type silicon electrode in contact with the K/K+ redox system in liquid ammonia has been investigated. The highly reducing properties of potassium‐ammonia solutions imply the absence of residual water and oxygen, which protects against spontaneous superficial oxidation of silicon material. Potassium‐ammonia solutions being deeply colored, another type of solution where the K/K+ redox system is transparent was needed. This condition was achieved with the ternary system, at 233 K, which presents a liquid‐liquid phase separation with a salt‐rich transparent phase. The chain is an autoregenerated photoelectrochemical cell that delivers an open‐circuit photopotential of 0.5V and a short‐circuit photocurrent of 1.2 mAcm−2 under low white light illumination, and a photoconversion yield of about 1–2%. The behavior of the p‐Si electrode in this highly reducing solution was carefully studied. As a matter of fact, the energetic diagram in the dark reveals an apparently supra‐band‐edge reaction that should not occur spontaneously. A large negative band‐edge potential shift under illumination, explaining the experimental spontaneous photoreduction, is evidenced, and its mechanism is discussed.
Stimulation of the circulating levels of glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit after combined administration of a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist and flutamide in patients with cancer of the prostate. (1986)

To ascertain whether the immunoreactive luteinizing hormone (LH) levels measured following the combined treatment may represent cross-reaction of the LH antiserum with LH subunits, we have examined the effects of therapy on the serum levels of free alpha- and free LH-beta-subunits in intact, castrated, and estrogen-treated patients. In previously untreated patients receiving the LHRH agonist [D-Trp6,des-Gly-NH2(10)]LHRH ethylamide in association with the pure antiandrogen Flutamide, serum-free alpha-subunit levels were stimulated from 0.09 +/- 0.02 to 3.10 +/- 0.84 ng/ml after 5 days, and declined slowly afterwards to 1.33 +/- 0.20 ng/ml after 3 months of combined treatment. In patients pretreated from 12 to 24 months (17.5 +/- 1.0 months) with diethylstilbestrol (DES) prior to receiving the combined therapy, free serum alpha-subunit concentration followed a similar pattern, rising from 0.22 +/- 0.03 to 1.78 +/- 0.28 ng/ml after 15 days of combined treatment, and declining thereafter to 0.81 +/- 0.10 ng/ml after 3 months. Free LH-beta-subunits were below the detection limit in most previously untreated patients and in all DES-treated patients. After correcting for the cross-reactivity of the alpha-subunit in the LH RIA, immunoassayable LH serum levels in previously untreated patients were only slightly reduced from 0.81 +/- 0.06 ng/ml before the onset of the combined treatment to 0.52 +/- 0.05 ng/ml after 3 months. On the contrary, bioactive serum LH levels were drastically inhibited from 0.43 +/- 0.04 to 0.03 +/- 0.01 ng/ml after the same duration of treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Electronic traps and percolation paths in electroluminescent polymers (2002)

Trap related properties of the electroluminescent polymers poly(2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MDMO-PPV, OC1C10–PPV) and poly[(2-methoxy-5-(3′,7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene]-[(4′-(3″,7″-dimethyloctyloxy)phenyl-5)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] are investigated in organic light emitting diode (OLED) devices. By means of the thermally stimulated currents (TSC) technique the densities of occupied states, trap polarities and charge transport mechanisms are studied. The fractional TSC technique in combination with optical trap filling reveals broad density-of-occupied-states distributions for both polymers, ranging from 200 to 600 meV located between the highest occupied molecular orbital and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital levels. Conventional TSC experiments in combination with electrical trap filling allow to distinguish between electron and hole traps. In OC1C10–PPV both trap polarities are detected whereas in the copolymer only hole traps and no electron traps were found. In addition, a TSC study on optical and electrical trap filling in OLED devices strongly suggests the presence of percolation paths. Despite larger charging currents in the electrical trap filling case no or much smaller TSC signals were detected in comparison with the optical trap filling case.
Pharmacodynamic monitoring of immunosuppressive effects indicates reduced cyclosporine activity during telaprevir therapy (2014)

Drug interactions with immunosuppressive drugs are a major problem associated with protease inhibitor-based antiviral triple therapy for hepatitis C virus (HCV) reinfection after liver transplantation. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed biomarkers of the immunosuppressive effects of cyclosporine A (CSA) by quantifying nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT)-regulated gene expression during telaprevir (TVR) therapy in 5 liver transplant patients. Furthermore, dose adjustments and blood concentrations of CSA as well as the clinical course were analyzed. We observed a clear impact of TVR not only on doses and blood concentrations but also on the immunosuppressive effects of CSA. Despite apparently adequate CSA trough concentrations, the CSA peak concentration decreased to 68% (range = 44%-90%). This was associated with a 1.9-fold (1.6- to 4.1-fold) increase in the residual gene activity of NFAT-regulated genes, which indicated reduced immunosuppressive activity of CSA with TVR co-medication. The median dose of CSA was reduced to 25% (range = 16%-48%) and 31% (range = 22%-64%) after 1 and 2 weeks, respectively. The CSA drug clearance was reduced to 38.7% (range = 31.0%-49.4%). We report excellent antiviral efficacy. At the end of the observation period, all patients were HCV RNA-negative (1 patient at 18 weeks, 1 patient at 12 weeks, and 3 patients at 4 weeks after the end of therapy). Safety was acceptable, with mild acute rejection and reactivation of cytomegalovirus being the most serious adverse events. One patient with histologically proven recurrent cholestatic hepatitis before therapy underwent retransplantation during the course of antiviral therapy. In conclusion, the immunomonitoring of NFAT-regulated gene expression indicated reduced immunosuppressive activity of CSA during antiviral therapy with TVR in our cohort of liver transplant patients. Thus, the immunosuppressive effects of CSA may be overestimated if one is looking only at trough concentrations during co-medication with protease inhibitors or other strong cytochrome P450 3A inhibitors. Immunomonitoring of NFAT-regulated gene expression could, therefore, help to prevent overimmunosuppression or underimmunosuppression.
Oxygen-Promoted Chemical Vapor Deposition of Graphene on Copper: A Combined Modeling and Experimental Study (2018)

Mass production of large, high-quality single-crystalline graphene is dependent on a complex coupling of factors including substrate material, temperature, pressure, gas flow, and the concentration of carbon and hydrogen species. Recent studies have shown that the oxidation of the substrate surface such as Cu before the introduction of the C precursor, methane, results in a significant increase in the growth rate of graphene while the number of nuclei on the surface of the Cu substrate decreases. We report on a phase-field model, where we include the effects of oxygen on the number of nuclei, the energetics at the growth front, and the graphene island morphology on Cu. Our calculations reproduce the experimental observations, thus validating the proposed model. Finally, and more importantly, we present growth rate from our model as a function of O concentration and precursor flux to guide the efficient growth of large single-crystal graphene of high quality.
Efficient Image Sensor Subsampling for DNN-Based Image Classification (2018)

Today's mobile devices are equipped with cameras capable of taking very high-resolution pictures. For computer vision tasks which require relatively low resolution, such as image classification, sub-sampling is desired to reduce the unnecessary power consumption of the image sensor. In this paper, we study the relationship between subsampling and the performance degradation of image classifiers that are based on deep neural networks (DNNs). We empirically show that subsampling with the same step size leads to very similar accuracy changes for different classifiers. In particular, we could achieve over 15x energy savings just by subsampling while suffering almost no accuracy lost. For even better energy accuracy trade-offs, we propose AdaSkip, where the row sampling resolution is adaptively changed based on the image gradient. We implement AdaSkip on an FPGA and report its energy consumption.
Rover (2016)

This paper presents the OpenVisualizer Rover testbed, a simple, easy-to-deploy and cheap testbed for the Internet of Things (IoT). The OpenWSN project provides a free and pen-source implementation of a standards-compliant protocol stack for the IoT, as well as all the necessary network management and debugging tools. The network management software, OpenVisualizer, is portable across popular operating systems, and connects the OpenWSN low-power wireless mesh network to the Internet. In the current setup, motes are connected to the USB ports of the computer the OpenVisualizer runs on. The OpenVisualizer monitors the internal state of those motes, which it presents through a web interface. Rover extends the OpenVisualizer by allowing motes plugged into different computers to remotely connect to it. Once connected, a user monitors and manages the motes exactly as if they were connected locally. This offers endless experimentation possibilities, as the resulting testbed can be quickly (re)deployed in realistic environments. An example Rover testbed has been deployed at the Cisco Paris Innovation and Research Lab. This paper discusses the Rover architecture, the deployment, and the experimental research done with it.