gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-Dimensional Fe-Modeling of CFRP L-Shaped Plates Glued on Concrete Block (2006)

Conference paper written by Navid Nemati, Christoph Czaderski and Masoud Motavalli presented at IABSE Symposium: Responding to Tomorrow's Challenges in Structural Engineering, Budapest, Hungary, 13-15 September 2006.
Periodic Turbulent Strips and Calmed Regions in a Transitional Boundary Layer (1999)

Nomenclature Rx = Reynolds number,UeX=o t = time Ue = local freestreamvelocity Un = apparent celerity of new spots inside the calmed region Ur = freestreamvelocity at X D 50 cm w = initial spot duration X = streamwise distance from leading edge Y = distance normal to the wall Z = spanwise distance from spot source ° = intermittency factor 1t = duration 1Z p = distance between spot sources ? = spot duty cycle, 100–500 ms
MiTAP: a case study of integrated knowledge discovery tools (2003)

The MiTAP system was developed as an experimental prototype using human language technologies for the monitoring of infectious disease outbreaks. The system provides timely, multi-lingual, global information access to analysts, medical experts and individuals involved in humanitarian assistance and relief work. Each day, thousands of articles from electronic information sources spanning multiple languages are automatically captured, translated, tagged, summarized, and presented to users in a variety of ways. Over the course of the past year and half, MiTAP has become a useful tool for real users to solve real problems. The success of MiTAP is greatly attributed to its user-focused design that accommodates the imperfect component technologies and that allows users to interact with the system in familiar ways. We will discuss the problem, the design process, and the implementation from the perspective of services provided and how these services support system capabilities that satisfy user requirements.
ESD protection structure with novel trigger technique for LDMOS based on BiCD process (2009)

This paper presents ESD protection structure with novel trigger technique for LDMOS based on BiCD process. The proposed ESD protection element includes the same structure as drain region in Nch-LDMOS, the vertical NPN transistor and the lateral NPN transistor. The trigger voltage is depended on the breakdown voltage in the drain region integrated in ESD protection device and the avalanche current acts as the base current of NPN transistor. The high ESD current spreads to the buried layer in the vertical NPN transistor without locally concentrating in the drain edge. The value of the second breakdown trigger current It2 in the proposed ESD protection element is nearly four times as large as that in the simple LDMOS.
Noninvasive Assessment of Acute Changes in Atrial Electrophysiology After Cardioversion by Signal‐Averaged P‐Wave Electrocardiography (2005)

We conclude that significant changes in atrial electrophysiology occur within the first hour after cardioversion of AF. These changes can be detected by measuring the FPD.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOCOMPLEMENTARY TOTAL ASYMMETRIC SYNTHESES OF PROSTAGLANDIN A2 (1983)

Abstract Aus den Alkoholen (I) bzw. (VIII) lassen sich zunächst die Bromide (II) (keine Ausb.‐Angabe) 5 bzw. (IX) darstellen, aus denen man schließlich das γ‐Lacton (VII) erhält.
Speeding up VLSI Layout Verification Using Fuzzy Attributed Graphs Approach (2006)

Technical and economic factors have caused the field of physical design automation to receive increasing attention and commercialization. The steady down-scaling of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) device dimensions has been the main stimulus to the growth of microelectronics and computer-aided very large scale integration (VLSI) design. The more an Integrated Circuit (IC) is scaled, the higher its packing density becomes. For example, in 2006 Intel's 65-nm process technology for high performance microprocessor has a reduced gate length of 35 nanometers. In their 70-Mbit SRAM chip, there are up to 0.5 billion transistors in a 110 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip size with 3.4 GHz clock speed. New technology generations come out every two years and provide an approximate 0.7 times transistor size reduction as predicted by Moore's Law. For the ultimate scaled MOSFET beyond 2015 or so, the transistor gate length is projected to be 10 nm and below. The continually increasing size of chips, measured in either area or number of transistors, and the wasted investment involving fabricating and testing faulty circuits, make layout analysis an important part of physical design automation. Layout-versus-schematic (LVS) is one of three kinds of layout analysis tools. Subcircuit extraction is the key problem to be solved in LVS. In LVS, two factors are important. One is run time, the other is identification correctness. This has created a need for computational intelligence. Fuzzy attributed graph is not only widely used in the fields of image understanding and pattern recognition, it is also useful to the fuzzy graph matching problem. Since the subcircuit extraction problem is a special case of a general-interest problem known as subgraph isomorphism, fuzzy attributed graphs are first effectively applied to the subgraph isomorphism problem. Then we provide an efficient fuzzy attributed graph algorithm based on the solution to subgraph isomorphism for the subcircuit extraction problem. Similarity measurement makes a significant contribution to evaluate the equivalence of two circuit graphs. To evaluate its performance, we compare fuzzy attributed graph approach with the commercial software called SubGemini, and two of the fastest approaches called DECIDE and SubHDP. We are able to achieve up to 12 times faster performance than alternatives, without loss of accuracy
Equivalent electrical multiport for quantum systems in entangled states (2015)

This paper introduces the concept of equivalent electrical multiport for a quantum device made of a pair of two-level objects, coupled via entanglement. The coupled pair is described in terms of an equivalent 2×2 admittance matrix, derived from the theory of the generalized susceptibility. This result provides a valuable tool to analyze quantum circuits in the frame of the classical circuit theory. The study of the properties of the admittance matrix highlights the effect of a new coupling mechanism, due to entanglement, which adds to the classical electromagnetic coupling.
In-Depth Analysis of Human Neonatal and Adult IgM Antibody Repertoires (2018)

Although high-throughput sequencing and associated bioinformatics technologies have enabled the in-depth, sequence-based characterization of human immune repertoires, only a few studies on a relatively small number of sequences explored the characteristics of antibody repertoires in neonates, with contradictory conclusions. To gain a more comprehensive understanding of the human IgM antibody repertoire, we performed Illumina sequencing and IMGT/HighV-QUEST analysis of IgM heavy chain repertoire of the B lymphocytes from the cord blood (CB) of neonates, as well as the repertoire from peripheral blood of healthy human adults (HH). The comparative study revealed unexpectedly high levels of similarity between the neonatal and adult repertoires. In both repertoires, the VDJ gene usage showed no significant difference, and the most frequently used VDJ gene was IGHV4-59, IGHD3-10, and IGHJ3. The average amino acid (aa) length of CDR1 (CB: 8.5, HH: 8.4) and CDR2 (CB: 7.6, HH: 7.5), as well as the aa composition and the average hydrophobicity of the CDR3 demonstrated no significant difference between the two repertories. However, the average aa length of CDR3 was longer in the HH repertoire than the CB repertoire (CB: 14.5, HH: 15.5). Besides, the frequencies of aa mutations in CDR1 (CB: 19.33%, HH: 25.84%) and CDR2 (CB: 9.26%, HH: 17.82%) were higher in the HH repertoire compared to the CB repertoire. Interestingly, the most prominent difference between the two repertoires was the occurrence of N2 addition (CB: 64.87%, HH: 85.69%), a process that occurs during V-D-J recombination for introducing random nucleotide additions between D- and J-gene segments. The antibody repertoire of healthy adults was more diverse than that of neonates largely due to the higher occurrence of N2 addition. These findings may lead to a better understanding of antibody development and evolution pathways and may have potential practical value for facilitating the generation of more effective antibody therapeutics and vaccines.
Evolution of a globally unique SARS-CoV-2 Spike E484T monoclonal antibody escape mutation in a persistently infected, immunocompromised individual (2022)

Prolonged infections in immunocompromised individuals may be a source for novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants, particularly when both the immune system and antiviral therapy fail to clear the infection and enable within-host evolution. Here we describe a 486-day case of SARS-CoV-2 infection in an immunocompromised individual. Following monotherapy with the monoclonal antibody Bamlanivimab, the individual's virus acquired resistance, likely via the earliest known occurrence of Spike amino acid variant E484T. Recently, E484T has arisen again as a derivative of E484A in the Omicron Variant of Concern, supporting the hypothesis that prolonged infections can give rise to novel variants long before they become prevalent in the human population.
Antifungal Activities ofN-Arylbenzenesulfonamides against Phytopathogens and Control Efficacy on Wheat Leaf Rust and Cabbage Club Root Diseases (2002)

A set of N-arylbenzenesulfonamides with various substituents at the arylamine and benzenesulfonyl positions were prepared, and their antifungal properties were measured in vitro against such plant pathogenic fungi as Pythium ultimum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani, and Botrytis cinerea. Compounds 3, 4, 8, 9, 10, 14, 16, 18, 20, 21, 24 and 27 had antifungal activity over a broad spectrum of the phytopathogenic fungi tested, where 50% of inhibition (ED50) was in the range of 3-15 microg/ml. Based on the in vitro activity, six derivatives (3, 4, 10, 18, 21 and 27) were selected and tested further for their fungicidal efficacy in vivo. The fungicidal efficacy of 10, 21 and 27 had a disease control value of over 85% at 50 microg/ml against wheat leaf rust, while that of 4 was selective against cabbage club root disease.
Direct Observation of Interactions of Silk-Elastinlike Protein Polymer with Adenoviruses and Elastase (2015)

Silk-elastinlike protein polymer (SELP) hydrogels have been investigated for sustained local delivery of adenoviral gene carriers to solid tumors. These polymers degrade in the presence of proteases such as elastase. A detailed understanding of the interaction of SELPs with viruses and their degradation in the presence of elastase can provide useful information about mechanisms of sustained gene delivery from these systems. In this work, we investigated the interactions of SELPs with adenoviruses (Ads) and elastase using atomic force microscopy. We observed that viral particles interacted strongly with SELP networks formed by cross-linking of nanofibers. The presence of viruses contributed to enhanced network formation. Incubation of Ad with SELPs in the liquid state induced close packing of the viral colony. Morphological changes of SELP networks cleaved by enzymatic interaction with elastase were investigated. SELP-415K fiber networks were more responsive to temperature changes and were slowly degraded by elastases compared to SELP-47K, a SELP analogue with shorter elastin units in the monomer repeat. These studies provide insight into the influence of SELP structure on degradation and potential mechanisms of increased viral stability.
A Novel Neuraminidase-Dependent Hemagglutinin Cleavage Mechanism Enables the Systemic Spread of an H7N6 Avian Influenza Virus (2019)

In this study, we demonstrate a novel mechanism for hemagglutinin (HA) activation in a naturally occurring H7N6 avian influenza A virus strain, A/mallard duck/Korea/6L/2007 (A/Mdk/6L/07). This novel mechanism allows for systemic infection of chickens, ducks, and mice, and A/Mdk/6L/07 can replicate <i>in vitro</i> without exogenous trypsin and exhibits broad tissue tropism in animals despite the presence of a monobasic HA cleavage motif (PEIPKGR/G). The trypsin-independent growth phenotype requires the N6 neuraminidase and the specific recognition of glycine at the P2 position of the HA cleavage motif by a thrombin-like protease. Correspondingly, viral growth is significantly attenuated by the addition of a thrombin-like protease inhibitor (argatroban). These data provide evidence for a previously unrecognized virus replication mechanism and support the hypothesis that thrombin-mediated HA cleavage is an important virulence marker and potential therapeutic target for H7 influenza viruses.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The identification of virulence markers in influenza viruses underpins risk assessment programs and the development of novel therapeutics. The cleavage of the influenza virus HA is a required step in the viral life cycle, and phenotypic differences in viruses can be caused by changes in this process. Here, we describe a novel mechanism for HA cleavage in an H7N6 influenza virus isolated from a mallard duck. The mechanism requires the N6 protein and full activity of thrombin-like proteases and allows the virus to cause systemic infection in chickens, ducks, and mice. The thrombin-mediated cleavage of HA is thus a novel virulence determinant of avian influenza viruses.
Analogs of oxytocin containing a modified peptide bond* (1987)

Analogs of deamino-oxytocin and deamino-oxypressin containing a CH2-NH group instead of an amide bond between positions 8 and 9 were synthesized. All tested compounds exhibit significantly lowered biological activities.
MYC Cooperates with AKT in Prostate Tumorigenesis and Alters Sensitivity to mTOR Inhibitors (2011)

MYC and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-pathway deregulation are common in human prostate cancer. Through examination of 194 human prostate tumors, we observed statistically significant co-occurrence of MYC amplification and PI3K-pathway alteration, raising the possibility that these two lesions cooperate in prostate cancer progression. To investigate this, we generated bigenic mice in which both activated human AKT1 and human MYC are expressed in the prostate (MPAKT/Hi-MYC model). In contrast to mice expressing AKT1 alone (MPAKT model) or MYC alone (Hi-MYC model), the bigenic phenotype demonstrates accelerated progression of mouse prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (mPIN) to microinvasive disease with disruption of basement membrane, significant stromal remodeling and infiltration of macrophages, B- and T-lymphocytes, similar to inflammation observed in human prostate tumors. In contrast to the reversibility of mPIN lesions in young MPAKT mice after treatment with mTOR inhibitors, Hi-MYC and bigenic MPAKT/Hi-MYC mice were resistant. Additionally, older MPAKT mice showed reduced sensitivity to mTOR inhibition, suggesting that additional genetic events may dampen mTOR dependence. Since increased MYC expression is an early feature of many human prostate cancers, these data have implications for treatment of human prostate cancers with PI3K-pathway alterations using mTOR inhibitors.
Altered eutopic endometrial T-regulatory and T-helper 17 lymphocyte ratio in women with unexplained subfertility (2021)

Patients with a high proinflammatory Th17 lymphocyte profile and low Treg:Th17 ratio in their eutopic endometrium during the secretory phase of their menstrual cycle are more likely to not conceive in subsequent cycles.
Automated, solid-phase coupling of rhodamine dye acids to 5'amino oligonucleotides (2000)

A convenient method has been developed for directly labeling the 5' amino group of oligonucleotides on solid-support with rhodamine dyes.
Parallel Mitral and Tufted Cell Pathways Route Distinct Odor Information to Different Targets in the Olfactory Cortex (2012)

Odor signals are conveyed from the olfactory bulb to the olfactory cortex (OC) by mitral cells (MCs) and tufted cells (TCs). However, whether and how the two types of projection neuron differ in function and axonal connectivity is still poorly understood. Odor responses and axonal projection patterns were compared between MCs and TCs in mice by visualizing axons of electrophysiologically identified single neurons. TCs demonstrated shorter onset latency for reliable responses than MCs. The shorter latency response of TCs was maintained in a wide range of odor concentrations, whereas MCs responded only to strong signals. Furthermore, individual TCs projected densely to focal targets only in anterior areas of the OC, whereas individual MCs dispersedly projected to all OC areas. Surprisingly, in anterior OC areas, the two cell types projected to segregated subareas. These results suggest that MCs and TCs transmit temporally distinct odor information to different OC targets.
A hierarchical approach to data-driven LPV control design of constrained systems (2019)

Modeling is recognized to be one of the toughest and most time-consuming tasks in modern nonlinear control engineering applications. Linear parameter-varying (LPV) models deal with such complex problems in an effective way, by exploiting wellestablished tools for linear systems while, at the same time, being able to accurately describe highly nonlinear and time-varying plants. When LPV models are derived from experimental data, it is difficult to estimate a priori how modeling errors will affect the closed-loop performance. In this work, a method is proposed to directly map data onto LPV controllers. Specifically, a hierarchical structure is proposed both to maximize the system performance and to handle signal constraints. The effectiveness of the approach is illustrated via suitable simulation tests.
Motion vector estimation on focal sensor plane by block matching (1998)

In this paper, a fast-2D motion vector estimation on the CMOS sensor focal plane is proposed. Edge detection circuit composed of 2 crossed differential OTAs with Time- Multiplexed sampling is adopted for getting horizontal and vertical edges. Short-time digital memory is designed by transmission gate array, which can keep edge information by a smaller layout area. High speed block matching is designed by a Local Parallel and Global Column Parallel processing structure, which fully makes use of the parallel nature of image signals. The size of block matching can be reduced to 4 by 4 pixels and a search area of +/- 1 pixel around the intentional block at a high frame rate of 1000 frame/s. The prototype chip is designed by 1-poly 2-metal 0.7 micrometers CMOS process.
Acoustically driven spherical implosions and the possibility of thermonuclear reactions (2003)

Acoustically driven, gas-filled cavities in liquids have been known to collapse violently, generating short flashes of light of ∼100-ps duration. More recently, the possibility of generating fusion reactions using acoustics (acoustic inertial confinement fusion) has been considered. Results of computer simulations using the HYADES hydrocode (Cascade Applied Sciences, Inc) plus the SESAME equations of state for free collapsing and acoustically driven cavities in molten metals will be presented as well as experimental data at high ambient pressures in different liquids. Back-of-the-envelope calculations in terms of the acoustical and thermodynamic parameters necessary to achieve thermonuclear reactions will be presented in an effort to evaluate the feasibility of acoustic ICF as an energy source.
Triadic coupling between hydride, acetylide and alkyne on the complex [WRe(η-C5Me5)O(CO)4( μ-H)(CCPh)]. Crystal structures of complexes containing a substituted cyclopentadienylidene ligand or a folded metallacyclopentadienyl fragment (1997)

The reaction of the dinuclear oxoacetylide complex [WRe(η-C 5 Me 5 )O(CO) 4 (µ-H)(µ- CCPh)] 1 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate afforded the bis(alkylidene) complex [WRe(η-C 5 Me 5 )O(CO) 3 (µ-CHPh) {µ-C 5 (CO 2 Me) 4 }] 2, generated by formal co-ordination of two alkynes and cleavage of a C–C bond. In contrast, treatment of 1 with an excess of di-p-tolylacetylene in refluxing toluene gave three complexes [WRe(η-C 5 Me 5 )O(CO) 3 {CH(Ph)CC (C 6 H 4 Me-p)CH(µ-η 2 -C 6 H 3 Me)}] 3, [WRe(η-C 5 Me 5 )O(CO) 3 {µ-C 4 Ph[C 2 H(C 6 H 4 Me-p) 2 ](C 6 H 4 Me-p) 2 }] 4 and [WRe(η-C 5 Me 5 )O(CO) 3 {µ-C 4 [C 2 H(C 6 H 4 Me-p) 2 ]Ph(C 6 H 4 Me-p) 2 }] 5. Compounds 4 and 5, which possess a folded metallacyclopentadienyl fragment, are produced by hydride migration to alkyne, giving a cis-ditolylalkenyl substituent, followed by coupling with acetylide and a second ditolylacetylene molecule. Compound 3 is probably produced by a distinct sequence, involving initial formation of a C(C 6 H 4 Me-p)C(C 6 H 4 Me-p)CCHPh linkage, followed by orthometallation and hydrogen transfer. Single-crystal structural analyses of 2–5 have been performed and the possible reaction mechanisms leading to their isolation are presented.
A strategy to jointly test image quality estimators subjectively (2012)

We present an automated algorithm to design subjective tests that have a high likelihood of finding misclassification errors in many image quality estimators (QEs). In our algorithm, a collection of existing QEs collaboratively determine the best pairs of images that will test the accuracy of each individual QE.We demonstrate that the resulting subjective test provides valuable information regarding the accuracy of the cooperating QEs. The proposed strategy is particularly useful for comparing efficacy of QEs across multiple distortion types and multiple reference images.
High-germanium-content SiGe islands formed on compliant oxide by SiGe oxidation (2004)

The oxidation of Si1−xGex islands on a compliant viscous borophosphorosilicate glass (BPSG) was utilized to achieve nearly fully relaxed Si1−xGex with germanium content up to 57%. After Si1−xGex islands were formed on BPSG by layer transfer, dry oxidation was carried out to form pure silicon dioxide on the top and to increase germanium content in the Si1−xGex layer. Surface roughening and the nonuniformity of the enhanced germanium content during the SiGe oxidation were improved by depositing a silicon dioxide capping layer before oxidation. The strain arising from the increase of germanium content was relaxed by lateral expansion of the SiGe islands, showing that dislocations were not required in the process.
Attentive processing improves object recognition (2009)

The human visual system can recognize several thousand object categories irrespective of their position and size. This combination of selectivity and invariance is built up gradually across several stages of visual processing. However, the recognition of multiple objects in cluttered visual scenes presents a difficult problem for human as well as machine vision systems. The human visual system has evolved to perform two stages of visual processing: a pre-attentive parallel processing stage, in which the entire visual field is processed at once and a slow serial attentive processing stage, in which a region of interest in an input image is selected for “specialized ” analysis by an attentional spotlight. We argue that this strategy evolved to overcome the limitation of purely feed forward processing in the presence of clutter and crowding. Using a Bayesian model of attention along with a hierarchical model of feed forward recognition on a data set of real world images, we show that this two stage attentive processing can improve recognition in cluttered and crowded conditions.