gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Compensatory Reserve Index during Lower Body Negative Pressure and Hemorrhage (2015)

A machine learning algorithm has been developed to detect reductions in central blood volume during lower body negative pressure (LBNP), a model of hemorrhage (Hem) which causes shifts in blood to the legs and elicits central hypovolemia. The algorithm calculates compensatory reserve index (CRI) where CRI=1 represents normovolemia and CRI=0 represents hypovolemia at the point of cardiovascular decompensation. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that actual Hem and matching LBNP applications will elicit similar CRI values. This study compared CRI during Hem and matching LBNP in baboons. CRI was calculated from the arterial pressure waveform measured in baboons during Hem and LBNP (n=13). Blood was removed in four steps: 6.25%, 12.5%, 18.75%, and 25% of total blood volume. Shed blood was returned and the animals were allowed to recover. Four weeks after the Hem protocol, the same animals were subjected to four levels of LBNP which matched cardiovascular responses during Hem. Statistical analysis was performed using two way repeated measures ANOVA and linear regression analysis. Data are shown below as mean±95% confidence interval. CRI decreased significantly during each step of Hem and LBNP (p 蠄 0.003). CRI was not different between Hem and LBNP. Linear regression analysis between Hem CRI and LBNP CRI revealed slope of 1.03 and an adjusted R2 of 0.98. Hem Volume (ml/kg) Hem CRI LBNP (mm Hg) LBNP CRI 0 0.69 ± 0.10 0 0.76 ± 0.05 4.5 ± 0.1 0.57 ± 0.09 -22 ± 4 0.66 ± 0.08 9.1 ± 0.1 0.36 ± 0.08 -41 ± 4 0.36 ± 0.13 13.6 ± 0.2 0.16 ± 0.08 -54 ± 6 0.23 ± 0.11 17.8 ± 0.4 0.08 ± 0.03 -71 ± 5 0.14 ± 0.09 Conclusions Stepwise Hem and matching LBNP levels which are used as surrogates for actual blood loss elicited the same values of CRI. This study supports the validity of CRI as an index of central hypovolemia associated with Hem. FUNDING: US Army MRMC Combat Casualty Care Research Program
New All-optical and Plasmonic Strategies for Controlling Light on a Silicon Chip (2018)

&lt;p&gt;We explore the integration of nanophotonic and plasmonic concepts with the silicon photonics platform. I will present hybrid plasmonic antennas on a silicon ring resonator and all-optical wavefront shaping in a multimode interference device.&lt;/p&gt;
New drug targets for depression and anxiety: Is the peptides era arriving? (2005)

Abstract The monoamine theory of mood disorders has dominated psychiatric dogma for nearly 50 years. Recent findings about the role of brain peptides in the regulation of emotions and behavior challenge this over‐simplified theory, and are about to open the door for a new era, focused on peptides as putative complementary drug targets in psychiatry. The development of improved animal models for depression would accelerate its arrival. Drug Dev. Res. 65:93–96, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Ferrite-enhanced MR imaging of hepatic lymphoma: an experimental study in rats (1987)

The purpose of this investigation was to define the potential of unenhanced and ferrite-enhanced MR to detect hepatic lymphoma. Rats were implanted with diffuse and focal hepatic lymphoma. Both in vitro measurements of relaxation times and in vivo MR imaging of normal liver and of diffuse and focal hepatic lymphoma were compared. Diffuse infiltrative hepatic lymphoma showed increased T1 (45%) and T2 (41%) relaxation times in vitro, but could not be distinguished from normal control livers on in vivo spin echo (SE) images with a repetition time of 500 msec and an echo time of 30 msec (SE 500/30) or SE 1500/60 images. Focal hepatic lymphoma showed increased T1 (185%) and T2 (115%) relaxation times relative to normal liver tissue. Focal hepatic lymphoma was undetectable on unenhanced SE 500/30 MR images (contrast-to-noise ratio, C/N = 0.4) and was slightly hyperintense on SE 1500/60 images (C/N = 1.1). Ferrite (50 mumol Fe/kg) was administered to improve tissue contrast. In normal control animals, T2 of liver in vitro decreased from 29.3 +/- 3.3 msec to 11.1 +/- 1.2 msec, and image signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of liver in vivo decreased from 16.1 +/- 2.4 to 2.8 +/- 0.3 (p less than .005). Ferrite-enhanced diffuse hepatic lymphoma showed in vitro T2 values and in vivo MR image S/N values indistinguishable from those of normal control animals. The T2 of focal hepatic lymphoma was essentially unaltered by ferrite. On SE 500/30 images, focal hepatic lymphoma became readily detectable, quantitated by a 35-fold increase in tumor-liver C/N. We conclude that clinical studies are warranted to determine the value of ferrite enhanced MR as a technique for the enhanced detection of focal hepatic lymphoma.
Oligomerisierung von 1,3-Butadien und Hydroformylierung höherer Olefine zu Oligoaldehyden (2009)

Butadiene as a bulk chemical achieves through its polymers a high industrial importance. This work describes the upscaling of an oligomerisation of 1,3-butadiene to mid size oligobutadienes from lab scale to pilot scale. A pilot plant is planned, constructed and operated based on data recieved by thermodynamic calculations and reaction calorimetrie. The influence of different reaction parameters and the workup procedure on product quality is examined after applying different product workups. Wihtin an addiational reaction step it is shown how to functionalize the previously synthesized oligobiatdienes in carbon dioxide as reaction media by hydroformylation to the corresponding oligoaldehydes. Afterwards the homogeneous catalyst system is extracted by carbon dioxide from the product. In the third part of the work a system is introduced which allows the selective hydroformylation of certain olefines out of olefin mixtures with different chain lenghts. The problem is solved by using a two phase system, where the catalyst is immobilized in a carbon dioxide phase and the liquid product are converted into the aldehydes dependent on the pressure of carbon dioxide.
Integrated data analysis making use of the total information from gas chromatography and high‐resolution time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry to identify qualitative differences between two whisky samples (2021)

The software identified small differences between the two samples that resulted from sherry cask aging. Because all of the information available from the hard and soft ionization analyses for each compound is summarized in a concise integrated report, the operator can rapidly determine the level of confidence for each assignment and inspect the information for compounds that are not present in the database.
Ocular and orbital lesions: surface coil MR imaging. (1985)

Nine lesions, four ocular (three melanomas, one hemangioma) and five orbital (two perioptic meningiomas, one hemangioma, one pseudotumor, one mucocele), were evaluated by magnetic resonance surface coil imaging at 1.5 T. Small ocular lesions with 3.9-4.5-mm-elevation were demonstrated. The use of two different pulse sequences resulted in separation of melanoma from adjacent retinal detachment. Contrast obtained between orbital lesions and the adjacent normal structures was better than that demonstrated with high-resolution computed tomography.
Controllable p–n Switching Behaviors of GaAs Nanowires via an Interface Effect (2012)

Due to the extraordinary large surface-to-volume ratio, surface effects on semiconductor nanowires have been extensively investigated in recent years for various technological applications. Here, we present a facile interface trapping approach to alter electronic transport properties of GaAs nanowires as a function of diameter utilizing the acceptor-like defect states located between the intrinsic nanowire and its amorphous native oxide shell. Using a nanowire field-effect transistor (FET) device structure, p- to n-channel switching behaviors have been achieved with increasing NW diameters. Interestingly, this oxide interface is shown to induce a space-charge layer penetrating deep into the thin nanowire to deplete all electrons, leading to inversion and thus p-type conduction as compared to the thick and intrinsically n-type GaAs NWs. More generally, all of these might also be applicable to other nanowire material systems with similar interface trapping effects; therefore, careful device design considerations are required for achieving the optimal nanowire device performances.
A single-arm, investigator-initiated study of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of intravitreal aflibercept injection in subjects with exudative age-related macular degeneration previously treated with ranibizumab or bevacizumab (ASSESS study): 12-month analysis (2015)

Summary statement: In subjects with active exudative age-related macular degeneration, treating with a fixed intravitreal aflibercept injection dosing regimen for 12 months demonstrated improved anatomic and vision endpoints from baseline. Purpose: Switching therapies in neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may offer an advantage for some patients. This study evaluates the efficacy of intravitreal aflibercept injection (IAI) in subjects previously treated with ranibizumab and/or bevacizumab. Methods: Subjects (n=26) were given monthly 2 mg of IAI for 3 months, followed by 2 mg once in every 2 months for up to 12 months. The mean absolute change from baseline in central subfield thickness (CST) measured by optical coherence tomography and the mean change from baseline in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) early treatment in diabetic retinopathy study (ETDRS) letter score were obtained. Additionally, the percentage of subjects who gained or lost ≥15 letters of vision and the percentage of subjects who are 20/40 or better or 20/200 or worse were evaluated. Results: There was a mean decrease in CST of -50.3 µm ( P <0.001) and a mean increase in ETDRS BCVA of +9.2 letters ( P <0.001). Twenty-seven percent of subjects experienced a ≥15-letter improvement in visual acuity, and no subject lost ≥3 lines of vision from baseline. Fifty percent of subjects were 20/40 or better, and 11.5% of subjects were 20/200 or worse at month 12. Conclusion: Fixed IAI dosing regimen for 12 months demonstrated improved anatomic and vision endpoints in subjects with active exudative AMD. Keywords: aflibercept, age-related macular degeneration, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, vascular endothelial growth factors Corrigendum for this paper has been published
A Lattice-Structured Proof Technique Applied to a Minimum Spanning Tree Algorithm (1988)

Abstract : Highly-optimized concurrent algorithms are often hard to prove correct because they have no natural decomposition into separately provable parts. This paper presents a proof technique for the modular verification of such non-modular algorithms. It generalizes existing verification techniques based on a totally-ordered hierarchy of refinements to allow a partially-ordered hierarchy-that is, a lattice of different views of the algorithm. The technique is applied to the well-known distributed minimum spanning tree algorithm of Gallager, Humblet and Spira, which was until recently lacked a rigorous proof. Keywords: Distributed algorithms, Verification, Modularity, Partially ordered refinements, Liveness proofs, Minimum spanning tree.
Gene Transfer Therapy Using Defective Herpes Simplex Virus Vectors to Overexpress the Stress Protein, HSP72, Protects Neurons from a Stroke (1997)

Yenari, Midori A. MD; Fink, Sheri L.; Sun, Guo H. MD, PhD; Patel, Maitaraya M.; Kunic, David M. BA; Onley, David BA; Sapolsky, Robert PhD; Steinberg, Gary K. MD, PhD
Fragmentation of Protonated Peptide Ions via Interaction with Metastable Atoms (2006)

Fragmentation of protonated peptide ions via interaction with low kinetic energy electronicallyexcited metastable argon atoms was studied in a linear trap-time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Metastable argon atoms were generated using a glow discharge-type source. Protonated peptide ions of substance P, bradykinin, fibrinopetide A, and insulin oxidized chain B were produced by electrospray ionization and trapped in a quadrupole ion guide for 100-400 ms. Intensive series of c- and z-ions were observed in all cases. The kinetic measurements of the fragmentation rates are consistent with calculations of the reaction cross section based on the Landau-Zener approximation.
Contrast-enhancement, image noise, and dual-energy simulations for quantum-counting clinical CT (2010)

The spectral sensitivity of quantum-counting detectors promises increased contrast-to-noise ratios and dualenergy capabilities for Computed Tomography (CT). In this article we quantify the benefits as well as the conceptual limitations of this technology under realistic clinical conditions. We present detailed simulations of a CT system with CdZnTe-based quantum-counting detector and compare to a conventional energy-integrating detector with Gd2O2S scintillator. Detector geometries and pixel layouts are adapted to specific requirements of clinical CT and its high-flux environment. The counting detector is realized as a two-threshold counter. An image-based method is used to adapt thresholds and data weights optimizing contrasts and image noise with respect to the typical spectra provided by modern high-power tungsten anode X-ray tubes. We consider the case of moderate X-ray fluxes and compare contrasts and image noise at same patient dose and image sharpness. We find that the spectral sensitivity of such a CT system offers dose reduction potentials of 31.5% (9.2%) maintaining Iodine-water contrast-to-noise ratios at 120kVp (80kVp). The improved contrast-to-noise ratios result mainly from improved contrasts and not from reduced image noise. The presence of fluorescence effects in the sensor material is the reason why image noise levels are not significantly reduced in comparison to energy-integrating systems. Dual-energy performance of quantum-counting single-source CT in terms of bone-Iodine separation is found to be somewhat below the level of today's dual-source CT devices with optimized pre-filtration of the X-ray beams.
Front Cover: Multilayered Two‐Dimensional V2CTx MXene for Methane Dehydroaromatization (ChemCatChem 14/2020) (2020)

The Front Cover shows the Legendary King Arthur pulling his magic sword Excalibur, an array of benzene molecules, out of the rock – which is a layered metal carbide (MXene) catalyst that reacts with methane molecules. As Excalibur has come to represent the noblest aspects of the Arthurian legend, Benzene has also come to represent a highly desired and valuable product of the upgrading of natural gas. In their Communication, R. Thakur et al. investigate the transformation of CH4 into C6H6 and H2 over highly thermally stable multilayered two-dimensional structure, where the multilayer structure provides necessary confinement for the intermediate C2 radicals to produce C6H6. More information can be found in the Communication by R. Thakur et al. Cover design by @MangaMyPhd.
G. J. Holyoake: Chartists and special constables (1906)

G. J. Holyoake: Chartists and special constables Get access Henry Taylor Henry Taylor 1Birklands, Southport Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s10-V, Issue 116, 17 March 1906, Page 212, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s10-V.116.212a Published: 17 March 1906
Disability-first Dataset Creation: Lessons from Constructing a Dataset for Teachable Object Recognition with Blind and Low Vision Data Collectors (2021)

Artificial Intelligence (AI) for accessibility is a rapidly growing area, requiring datasets that are inclusive of the disabled users that assistive technology aims to serve. We offer insights from a multi-disciplinary project that constructed a dataset for teachable object recognition with people who are blind or low vision. Teachable object recognition enables users to teach a model objects that are of interest to them, e.g., their white cane or own sunglasses, by providing example images or videos of objects. In this paper, we make the following contributions: 1) a disability-first procedure to support blind and low vision data collectors to produce good quality data, using video rather than images; 2) a validation and evolution of this procedure through a series of data collection phases and 3) a set of questions to orient researchers involved in creating datasets toward reflecting on the needs of their participant community.
Citric Acid Enhanced Remediation of Soils Contaminated with Uranium by Soil Flushing and Soil Washing (2006)

Laboratory bench-scale soil washing (batch) and flushing (column flow) experiments were conducted to determine the efficiency of citric acid as an agent to extract uranium from a synthetically contaminated sandy soil. The results of soil washing and flushing experiments indicate that citric acid is highly effective in removing uranium, and that the extraction efficiency increases with increasing citric acid concentration, especially under slightly acidic to alkaline conditions in systems containing sand coated with secondary minerals (e.g., Fe). The enhanced U(VI) desorption in the presence of citrate may be explained through several processes, including the complexation of U(VI) with citrate and extraction of secondary coatings (e.g., Fe), which results in the liberation of Fe-citrate complexes into solution. In batch washing systems, the presence of 10−3M citric acid enhances the extraction of uranium 2.8 times greater than water alone for the conditions of the experiment. A comparison of soil washing and flushing shows that the extraction efficiency is higher in bench-scale washing experiments. A removal efficiency of up to 98% was achieved with 10 mL of 10−3M citric acid in batch systems, whereas it required 4 pore volumes (150 mL) of 0.1 M citric acid to accomplish similar extraction efficiencies in column soil flushing systems.
Fluorescence Image Histology Pattern Transformation Using Image Style Transfer (2019)

Confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE) allow on-the-fly <i>in vivo</i> intraoperative imaging in a discreet field of view, especially for brain tumors, rather than extracting tissue for examination <i>ex vivo</i> with conventional light microscopy. Fluorescein sodium-driven CLE imaging is more interactive, rapid, and portable than conventional hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-staining. However, it has several limitations: CLE images may be contaminated with artifacts (motion, red blood cells, noise), and neuropathologists are mainly trained on colorful stained histology slides like H&E while the CLE images are gray. To improve the diagnostic quality of CLE, we used a micrograph of an H&E slide from a glioma tumor biopsy and image style transfer, a neural network method for integrating the content and style of two images. This was done through minimizing the deviation of the target image from both the content (CLE) and style (H&E) images. The style transferred images were assessed and compared to conventional H&E histology by neurosurgeons and a neuropathologist who then validated the quality enhancement in 100 pairs of original and transformed images. Average reviewers' score on test images showed 84 out of 100 transformed images had fewer artifacts and more noticeable critical structures compared to their original CLE form. By providing images that are more interpretable than the original CLE images and more rapidly acquired than H&E slides, the style transfer method allows a real-time, cellular-level tissue examination using CLE technology that closely resembles the conventional appearance of H&E staining and may yield better diagnostic recognition than original CLE grayscale images.
Synthesis of (.+-.)-2'-trans-7-hydroxy-2-[N-(3'-iodo-2'-propenyl)-N-n-propylamino]tetralin (trans-7-OH-PIPAT): a new D3 dopamine receptor ligand (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of (.+-.)-2'-trans-7-hydroxy-2-[N-(3'-iodo-2'-propenyl)-N-n-propylamino]tetralin (trans-7-OH-PIPAT): a new D3 dopamine receptor ligandCatherine Foulon, Mei Ping Kung, and Hank F. KungCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1993, 36, 10, 1499–1500Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00062a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00062a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
LTE-Advanced (2011)

Rel-8 LTE delivers improved system capacity and coverage, improved user experience through higher data rates, reduced-latency deployment, and reduced operating costs, and seamless integration with existing systems. Further enhanced requirements, however, were approved in 2008 to allow LTE to be approved as a radio technology for International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced (IMT-Advanced). IMT-Advanced requirements are defined by the International Telecommunication Union, which is an organization that provides globally accepted standards for telecommunications. This further advancement for LTE is known as LTE-Advanced (LTE-A). The LTE-A requirements are shown in and focus mainly on improvements in system performance and latency reduction. From Table 6.1, it can be seen that the target cell and user spectral efficiencies have increased significantly. Peak data rates of 1 Gbps in the downlink and 500 Mbps in the uplink must be supported. Target latencies have been significantly reduced as well. In addition to advancements in system performance, deployment and operating-cost-related goals were also introduced. They include support for cost-efficient multi-vendor deployment, power efficiency, efficient backhaul, open interfaces, and minimized maintenance tasks. A comprehensive list of LTE-A requirements can be found in [1].
Thermal Stability and Mechanical Properties of Silicone Rubber Composites Filled with Wollastonite/Mineral Fiber Hybrid Fire-proof Fillers (2019)

본 연구에는 하이브리드 무기계 내화 필러를 충전한 실리콘 고무 복합체의 내화 성능 및 열적 안정성과 기계적 강도를 분석하였다. 가스토치 시험 결과 미네랄 섬유 복합체는 규회석 복합체보다 내화 성능이 우수하며 규회석과 미네랄 섬유의 하이브리드 복합체는 미네랄 섬유 복합체보다 내화성능이 향상되었다. SEM을 통해 규회석은 실리콘 고무 복합체 내에서 분산성이 우수함을 확인하였고 미네랄 섬유의 낮은 분산성을 보완할 수 있었다. TGA 분석을 통해 복합체의 열적 안정성을 확인하고 XRD 분석을 통해 하이브리드 복합체의 세라믹화 경향을 분석하였다. 규회석 복합체는 UTM를 통해 분석한 결과 기계적 강도가 가장 우수하며 하이브리드 복합체는 규회석 필러의 첨가로 분산성이 향상되어 미네랄 섬유의 낮은 기계적 강도를 소폭 보완할 수 있었다.