gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurements of the point spread function for multicore fibers used as image guides in microendoscopy (1995)

Two different methods are presented and discussed for the evaluation of the point spread function (PSF) in multicore fibers (MCFs) used as an image guide in microendoscopy. In the first method, the coupling intensities between the fiber cores in a MCF are measured at three different wavelengths (632, 520, and 488 nm) by scanning the input face of the MCF with an illuminated pinhole. In the second method, the intensity coupled into a fiber core from all the neighboring fiber cores is measured by obturating the fiber core and measuring the output light intensity. The nonnegligible contribution of leaky modes in the large intercore distance coupling is demonstrated. The two methods are fairly well correlated. The investigations have been carried out for two MCFs presenting well-differentiated characteristics. The major coupling mechanisms between fiber cores have been identified and their roles quantified as functions of the coupling distance. At short distance, crosstalk dominates, with a maximum coupling intensity of 15% at 632 nm for the nearest neighbor fiber core. At larger distances (ranging from 3.8 to 5 intercore distances), leaky modes play a predominant role in the coupling, which remains nonnegligible.
From Development to Implementation: Adjusting the Hematocrit of Deglycerolized Red Cell Concentrates to Meet Regulatory Standards (2016)

This process was implemented at Canadian Blood Services to provide deglycerolized RCCs that meet the CSA hematocrit standard. However, pre- and post-implementation data reveal that this deglycerolization process is not sufficient to have RCCs consistently meet hemolysis standards.
Humanized Monoclonal Antibody against West Nile Virus Envelope Protein Administered after Neuronal Infection Protects against Lethal Encephalitis in Hamsters (2006)

Humans infected with West Nile virus (WNV) may clinically present with symptoms that are suggestive of neurological infection. Nearly all treatments of WNV disease have been effective in animal models only if administered before or soon after viral challenge. Here, we evaluated whether a potent neutralizing anti-WNV humanized monoclonal antibody (MAb), hE16, could improve the course of disease in a hamster model when administered after the virus had infected neurons in the brain. Five days after viral injection, WNV was detected in the brains of hamsters by cytopathic assay, quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemical staining of WNV envelope in neurons. Notably, 80%-90% of the hamsters treated 5 days after viral injection by intraperitoneal injection with hE16 survived the disease, compared with 37% of the placebo-treated hamsters (P< or =.001). The hamsters that received hE16 directly in the brain also exhibited markedly improved survival rates, compared with those in the placebo-treated hamsters. In prospective experiments, hamsters with high levels of infectious WNV in their cerebrospinal fluid were also protected by hE16 when administered 5 days after viral injection. These experiments suggest that humanized MAbs with potent neutralizing activity are a possible treatment for human patients after WNV has infected neurons in the central nervous system.
Endotoxin receptor CD14 in PiZ α-1-antitrypsin deficiency individuals (2008)

This study is the first to show higher levels of plasma sCD14 and monocyte mCD14 expression in young, clinically healthy PiZZ AAT subjects.
Augmenting Suture Tape Used in Rotator Cuff Surgery With Magnesium Increases in Vitro Cellular Adhesion of Human Subacromial Bursal Tissue (2021)

Modifying the surface of the suture used for repair with application of magnesium may be an inexpensive and technically feasible option to improve the use of SBT for biologic augmentation of rotator cuff repair.
Femtosecond Fluorescence Spectra of Tryptophan in Human γ-Crystallin Mutants: Site-Dependent Ultrafast Quenching (2009)

The eye lens Crystallin proteins are subject to UV irradiation throughout life, and the photochemistry of damage proceeds through the excited state; thus, their tryptophan (Trp) fluorescence lifetimes are physiologically important properties. The time-resolved fluorescence spectra of single Trps in human gammaD- and gammaS-Crystallins have been measured with both an upconversion spectrophotofluorometer on the 300 fs to 100 ps time scale, and a time correlated single photon counting apparatus on the 100 ps to 10 ns time scale, respectively. Three Trps in each wild type protein were replaced by phenylalanine, leading to single-Trp mutants: W68-only and W156-only of HgammaD- and W72-only and W162-only of HgammaS-Crystallin. These proteins exhibit similar ultrafast signatures: positive definite decay associated spectra (DAS) for 50-65 ps decay constants that indicate dominance of fast, heterogeneous quenching. The quenched population (judged by amplitude) of this DAS differs among mutants. Trps 68, 156 in human gammaD- and Trp72 in human gammaS-Crystallin are buried, but water can reach amide oxygen and ring HE1 atoms through narrow channels. QM-MM simulations of quenching by electron transfer predict heterogeneous decay times from 50-500 ps that agree with our experimental results. Further analysis of apparent radiative lifetimes allow us to deduce that substantial subpopulations of Trp are fully quenched in even faster (sub-300 fs) processes for several of the mutants. The quenching of Trp fluorescence of human gammaD- and gammaS-Crystallin may protect them from ambient light induced photo damage.
Morning light cleanup and recovery operation: simulation studies of possible reactor fuels. [Cosmos 954 orbiting Russian reactor with U-10 wt% Mo fuel] (1978)

The nuclear fuel for Cosmos 954, the orbiting Russian reactor that broke up on reentry during January of 1978, has been identified as a U--Mo alloy containing about 10 wt% molybdenum. Identification was based on a combination of simulation studies at LLL, examination of fuel debris at Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment (WNRE), Pinawa, Manitoba, and reactor technology knowledge. In the LLL simulation studies, mixtures of uranium, molybdenum, and UO/sub 2/ were heated under conditions that simulated reentry and then examined by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometry, and x-ray diffraction. These studies indicated metallic behavior and suggested a U--Mo alloy. The identification was useful in assisting the Canadians in recovery, cleanup, and health/safety activities associated with the radioactive debris, which was scattered over a wide region of the Great Slave Lake.
Senescing Human Bone-Marrow-Derived Clonal Mesenchymal Stem Cells Have Altered Lysophospholipid Composition and Functionality (2014)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used in a wide range of research and clinical studies because MSCs do not have any ethical issues and have the advantage of low carcinogenicity due to their limited proliferation. However, because only a small number of MSCs can be obtained from the bone marrow, ex vivo amplification is inevitably required. For that reason, this study was conducted to acquire the metabolic information to examine and control the changes in the activities and differentiation potency of MSCs during the ex vivo culture process. Endogenous metabolites of human bone-marrow-derived clonal MSCs (hcMSCs) during cellular senescence were profiled by ultraperformance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/QTOFMS). To select significant metabolites, we used the linear mixed effects model having fixed effects for batch and time (passage) and random effects for metabolites, determining the mean using a t test and the standard deviation using an F test. We used structural analysis with representative standards and spectrum patterns with different collision energies to distinctly identify eight metabolites with altered expression during senescence as types of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), such as LPC 16:0 and LPE 22:4. The present study revealed changes in endogenous metabolites and mechanisms due to senescence.
"Almost parsing" technique for language modeling (2002)

We present an approach that incorporates structural information into language models without really parsing the utterance. This approach brings together the advantages of an n-gram language model-speed, robustness and the ability to integrate with the speech recognizer with the need to model syntactic constraints under a uniform representation. We also show that our approach produces better language models than language models based on part-of-speech tags.
The effect of circulation lifetime and drug-to-lipid ratio of intravenously administered lipid nanoparticles on the biodistribution and immunostimulatory activity of encapsulated CpG-ODN (2008)

The encapsulation of conventional drugs in lipid nanoparticles (LNs) has been extensively utilized to enhance therapeutic activity by altering their pharmacokinetic (PK) and biodistribution (BD) properties. We have previously shown that the immunostimulatory activity of unmethylated cytidine-guanosine (CpG)-containing immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (ODN) is greatly enhanced when encapsulated in an LN (LN CpG-ODN). Here, we investigate the effect of circulation lifetime (determined by lipid composition) and drug-to-lipid (D/L) ratio of intravenously (i.v.) administered LN CpG-ODN on PK, BD, and cellular uptake and correlate these parameters with the immunostimulatory activity. Results from these studies show that despite significant differences in the circulation lifetime and the D/L ratio, the immune response is similar with respect to immune cell activation and cytolytic activity in the spleen and the blood compartments. Our findings indicate that the benefits of liposomal nanoparticles for the delivery of immunomodulatory drugs such as CpG-ODN are defined by a different paradigm than that for conventional drugs.
AACR White Paper: Shaping the Future of Cancer Prevention – A Roadmap for Advancing Science and Public Health (2018)

The recent pace, extent, and impact of paradigm-changing cancer prevention science has been remarkable. The American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) convened a 3-day summit, aligned with five research priorities: (i) Precancer Atlas (PCA). (ii) Cancer interception. (iii) Obesity-cancer linkage, a global epidemic of chronic low-grade inflammation. (iv) Implementation science. (v) Cancer disparities. Aligned with these priorities, AACR co-led the Lancet Commission to formally endorse and accelerate the NCI Cancer Moonshot program, facilitating new global collaborative efforts in cancer control. The expanding scope of creative impact is perhaps most startling-from NCI-funded built environments to AACR Team Science Awarded studies of Asian cancer genomes informing global primary prevention policies; cell-free epigenetic marks identifying incipient neoplastic site; practice-changing genomic subclasses in myeloproliferative neoplasia (including germline variant tightly linked to JAK2 V617F haplotype); universal germline genetic testing for pancreatic cancer; and repurposing drugs targeting immune- and stem-cell signals (e.g., IL-1β, PD-1, RANK-L) to cancer interception. Microbiota-driven IL-17 can induce stemness and transformation in pancreatic precursors (identifying another repurposing opportunity). Notable progress also includes hosting an obesity special conference (connecting epidemiologic and molecular perspectives to inform cancer research and prevention strategies), co-leading concerted national implementation efforts in HPV vaccination, and charting the future elimination of cancer disparities by integrating new science tools, discoveries and perspectives into community-engaged research, including targeted counter attacks on e-cigarette ad exploitation of children, Hispanics and Blacks. Following this summit, two unprecedented funding initiatives were catalyzed to drive cancer prevention research: the NCI Cancer Moonshot (e.g., PCA and disparities); and the AACR-Stand Up To Cancer bold "Cancer Interception" initiative.
Distributed vector decorrelation and anomaly detection using the vector Sparse Matrix Transform (2014)

Here, we propose the vector Sparse Matrix Transform (SMT), a novel decorrelating transform suitable for performing distributed processing of high dimensional signals in sensor networks. We assume that each sensor in the network encodes its measurements into vector outputs instead of scalar ones. The proposed transform decorrelates a sequence of pairs of vector sensor outputs, until these vectors are decorrelated. In our experiments, we simulate distributed anomaly detection by a camera network monitoring a spatial region. Each camera records an image of the monitored environment from its particular viewpoint and outputs a vector encoding the image. Results show that the vector SMT effectively decorrelates images from the multiple cameras in the network and significantly improves anomaly detection accuracy while requiring low overall communication energy.
Robust spatially sampled controller design for banding reduction in electrophotographic process (2004)

An improved controller design and implementation technique for electrophotographic process (EP) was proposed. The new controller was modified from a previous design to address two additional issues for generic EP platforms, i.e., reducing position-dependent disturbances and reducing system sensitivity to manufacturing variations in EP engine and consumables. To handle position-dependent periodic disturbances, a digital repetitive controller was developed and implemented using spatial sampling. The result is a control algorithm that will take into account the variation of the nominal operating speed. Second, system variations due to manufacturing variations as well as consumable changes were incorporated into the design of a two degree of freedom (TDOF) robust controller. The controller is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the size of the sensitivity function from a set of disturbance signals to a set of measurable signals critical to print quality, e.g. photoconductor drum velocity or scan line spacing. A suitable trade-off between system performance and robustness to system modeling uncertainties was considered in the synthesis and optimization formulation. The effectiveness of the proposed controller design and implementation technique was numerically and experimentally verified. Printed samples demonstrated significant reduction in visible banding that was verified by reflectance measurement.
Comparison of Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh Distributed Temperature Measurements in High-Rate Wells (2022)

With the maturity of and demand for fiber optic sensing technology growing steadily over the last few years across multiple basins, operators are seeking fiber optic sensing solutions that address the technology challenges associated with life-of-field monitoring of subsea developments. Single-ended distributed temperature sensing (DTS) are typically acquired using Raman optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) on multi-mode fiber. However, for topside interrogation of subsea completions, Raman DTS performs poorly due to the available optical power budget, and the wavelength dependency of the measured Stokes and anti-Stokes intensities, as the temperature profile is calculated as a function of the ratios of these signals. The optical attenuation across connectors and splices may, in many instances, have a wavelength dependence that varies with temperature and/or directionality of the propagation of the optical signals. Any wavelength dependent attenuation as the signals pass through connectors, splices and optical feedthrough systems will generate step changes in the measured temperature profile. Brillouin OTDR can provide a DTS alternative that overcomes these challenges and operates on single mode fiber. Brillouin OTDR operates with a large dynamic range to measure a wavelength (frequency) shift of the Stokes/anti-Stokes components that is proportional to both strain and temperature. Since downhole cables are manufactured with optical fibers suspended in a gel and with appropriate extra fiber length (EFL), any fiber strain relaxes, and the Brillouin wavelength shift is an absolute temperature measurement. We typically associate coherent Rayleigh OTDR with distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) on single-mode fibers, but low frequencies also contain a relative temperature dependence. In this paper, we report on a comparison of Raman, Brillouin, and Rayleigh DTS simultaneously acquired in the same high-rate producer and injector wells. We validate that, with appropriate cable design, Brillouin DTS can be simultaneously operated on the same single-mode fiber with DAS, and can deliver absolute temperature measurements suitable for production analysis. We conclude with a discussion about the implementation of this DAS-DTS solution for sensing subsea completions.
Composite Plate C15 to C18. Use of Specially Hardened Front Plates, (1934)

Abstract : This report covers tests of four composite plates, C 15 - C 18. The object of these tests was to try harder plates on the front of the combination used in composite plate covered in 1st Report 710/14. It was felt that, if the front plate could be made to spall without cracking, the area of the spalled button would present a larger surface for energy absorption in the back plates.
Indium tin oxide single-mode waveguide modulator (1991)

We have successfully demonstrated an In203:Sn semiconductor thin film waveguide. The energy gap of the film can be manipulated from 3.1 eV (0.4 pm) to 3.7 eV (0.335 mm) by changing the ratio of In203 and Sn02. Waveguide propagation losses of 3 dB/cm for transverse magnetic (TM) and 8 dB/cm for transverse electric (TE) guided waves were experimentally confirmed at the wavelength of 632.8 mm. A phase modulator containing an indium tin oxide waveguide, two holographic mirrors, two microprisms, and two ohmic contacts was fabricated. Electro-optic (current injection) and all optical modulations were conducted. A modulation depth of 18% was experimentally confirmed for the current injection device, using 15-volt applied voltage, and a modulation depth of 15% using 250 mW 355 nm UV light as the activation sources. An In203:Sn waveguide device working at the cutoff boundary was made. A modulation depth of 26 dB was measured with an applied voltage of 30 volts. An array of applications, including use in current sensors, ozone UV sensors, attenuated total reflection (ATR) modulators, delay lines for phased array antennae and multi-quantum wells are highly feasible.
Engineering Encodable Lanthanide-Binding Tags (LBTs) into Loop Regions of Proteins (2010)

Lanthanide-binding tags (LBTs) are valuable tools for investigation of protein structure, function, and dynamics by NMR spectroscopy, X-ray crystallography, and luminescence studies. We have inserted LBTs into three different loop positions (denoted L, R, and S) of the model protein interleukin-1β (IL1β) and varied the length of the spacer between the LBT and the protein (denoted 1−3). Luminescence studies demonstrate that all nine constructs bind Tb3+ tightly in the low nanomolar range. No significant change in the fusion protein occurs from insertion of the LBT, as shown by two X-ray crystallographic structures of the IL1β-S1 and IL1β-L3 constructs and for the remaining constructs by comparing the 1H−15N heteronuclear single-quantum coherence NMR spectra with that of the wild-type IL1β. Additionally, binding of LBT-loop IL1β proteins to their native binding partner in vitro remains unaltered. X-ray crystallographic phasing was successful using only the signal from the bound lanthanide. Large residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) could be determined by NMR spectroscopy for all LBT-loop constructs and revealed that the LBT-2 series were rigidly incorporated into the interleukin-1β structure. The paramagnetic NMR spectra of loop-LBT mutant IL1β-R2 were assigned and the Δχ tensor components were calculated on the basis of RDCs and pseudocontact shifts. A structural model of the IL1β-R2 construct was calculated using the paramagnetic restraints. The current data provide support that encodable LBTs serve as versatile biophysical tags when inserted into loop regions of proteins of known structure or predicted via homology modeling.
Charakterisierung der langkettenverzweigung von polyäthylen in abhängigkeit vom molekulargewicht durch kopplung gelchromatographie/automatische viskosimetrie bei hohen temperaturen (1977)

Abstract Die Molekulargewichtsabhängigkeit der Langkettenverzweigung von Polyäthylen wurde mit einem Hochtemperatur‐Gelchromatographen gemessen, der mit einem neu konstruierten, automatisch registrierenden Durchfluß‐Kapillarviskosimeter gekoppelt ist. Mit dem Viskosimeter werden die Auslaufzeiten der gel chromatograpischen Eluat‐Fraktionen gemessen, die jeweils bei der Entleerung des als Volumeter verwendeten Syphons anfallen. Eine besondere Ausbildung des Viskosimeter‐Einlaufes verhindert Verfälschungen der Auslaufzeiten durch nahtropfende Flüssigkeit. Dadurch konnte eine Genauigkeit der Auslaufzeiten von ±3 · 10 −2 s erreicht werden. Bei vier verschieden hergestellten Polyäthylenen wurde gefunden, daß die Zahl der trifunktionellen Verzweigungspunkte pro Molekulargewichtseinheit zwischen den einzelnen Polyäthylenen zwar unterschiedlich, aber mit ausnahme einer Probe vom Molekulargewicht praktisch unabhägig ist.
Dual IL-17A and IL-17F neutralisation by bimekizumab in psoriatic arthritis: evidence from preclinical experiments and a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial that IL-17F contributes to human chronic tissue inflammation (2017)

NCT02141763; Results.
IoT-based project design to collect data on the well-being of the students (2021)

International audience