gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trust establishment in cooperative wireless relaying networks (2012)

In cooperative wireless networks, relay nodes are employed to improve the performance of the network in terms of throughput and reliability. However, the presence of malicious relay nodes in the network may severely degrade the performance of the system. When a relay node behaves maliciously, there exists a possibility that such a node refuses to cooperate when it is selected for cooperation or deliberately drops the received packets. Trust establishment is a mechanism to detect misbehaving nodes in a network. In this paper, we propose a trust establishment method for cooperative wireless networks by using Bayesian framework. In contrast with the previous schemes proposed in wireless networks, this approach takes the channel state information and the relay selection decisions into account to derive a pure trust value for each relay node. The proposed method can be applied to any cooperative system with a general relay selection policy whose decisions in each cooperative transmission are independent of the previous ones. Moreover, it does not impose additional communication overhead on the system as it uses the available information in relay selection procedure. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Lateral SOI diode design optimization for high ruggedness and low temperature dependence of reverse recovery characteristics (2002)

This paper compares, for the first time, the maximum controllable current, or SOA of three different diode structures with low efficiency emitters. Low anode emitter efficiency is achieved either by introducing n/sup +/ diffusions in the p-type anode region (n/sup +//p/sup +/ diodes), or by adopting a low surface concentration anode (p/sup -//p/sup +/ diodes), or by shallow p diffusion (shallow p/p/sup +/ diodes). It was found that the n/sup +//p/sup +/ diode was easily destroyed in the reverse recovery transient at a high temperature of 150/spl deg/C because of a parasitic n-p-n transistor action. The best optimization was found in p/sup -//p/sup +/ diodes. Shallow p/p/sup +/ diodes exhibited the same ruggedness, if the dose of the shallow p layer was optimized.
[Peptide bioregulators: the new class of geroprotectors. Message 2. Clinical studies results]. (2013)

The review summarizes the results of long-term studies of the authors on the clinical efficacy of peptide bioregulators (Timalin, Thymogen, Vilon, Epithalamin, Prostatilen, Cortexin, Retinalamin) for the prevention of diseases and treatment of people of different age. Special attention is given to the analysis of the use of peptide bioregulators as geroprotectors.
Modelling the characteristics of material distributions in polarimetric images (2011)

Contrast measurements become of increasing importance in digital imaging, where region of interest differences can be effectively identified, processed and segmented. The image contrast among different structures varies with the material properties, material composition and geometrical parameters, and it is difficult to be determined only from its physical, electrical or optical parameters. The novelty of this study consists in fusing statistical analysis with polarimetric principles. As a result, quantification of image contrast in terms of Stokes parameters together with the modelling of intensity distribution for the corresponding target areas can be proved a powerful tool for analysing the different properties of operational modalities and/or materials depicted in digital images. By fusing the above concepts, the authors explored the intrinsic potential of an efficient molecular imaging technique aimed at increasing the optical contrast of a structure surrounded by a scattering medium.
Aggresome‐related biogenesis of Lewy bodies (2002)

Neurodegenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and 'dementia with Lewy bodies' (DLB) are characterized pathologically by selective neuronal death and the appearance of intracytoplasmic protein aggregates (Lewy bodies). The process by which these inclusions are formed and their role in the neurodegenerative process remain elusive. In this study, we demonstrate a close relationship between Lewy bodies and aggresomes, which are cytoplasmic inclusions formed at the centrosome as a cytoprotective response to sequester and degrade excess levels of potentially toxic abnormal proteins within cells. We show that the centrosome/aggresome-related proteins gamma-tubulin and pericentrin display an aggresome-like distribution in Lewy bodies in PD and DLB. Lewy bodies also sequester the ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), the proteasome activators PA700 and PA28, and HSP70, all of which are recruited to aggresomes for enhanced proteolysis. Using novel antibodies that are specific and highly sensitive to ubiquitin-protein conjugates, we revealed the presence of numerous discrete ubiquitinated protein aggregates in neuronal soma and processes in PD and DLB. These aggregates appear to be being transported from peripheral sites to the centrosome where they are sequestered to form Lewy bodies in neurons. Finally, we have shown that inhibition of proteasomal function or generation of misfolded proteins cause the formation of aggresome/Lewy body-like inclusions and cytotoxicity in dopaminergic neurons in culture. These observations suggest that Lewy body formation may be an aggresome-related event in response to increasing levels of abnormal proteins in neurons. This phenomenon is consistent with growing evidence that altered protein handling underlies the etiopathogenesis of PD and related disorders.
Structural and Functional Differences between Mouse Mot‐1 and Mot‐2 Proteins That Differ in Two Amino Acids (2006)

Chaperone functions mediated by the heat-shock protein (HSP) family constitute a fundamental mechanism that governs the life span of organisms. Here we investigated the chaperone activities of the mitochondrial HSP70 protein, mortalin, which is a heat-uninducible stress protein involved in immortalization and tumorigenesis. There are two mortalin alleles, mot-1 and mot-2, in mouse, encoding two distinct proteins. Whereas an overexpression of mot-1-induced senescence in NIH 3T3 cells, overexpression of mot-2 promoted their malignant properties. Here, we provide evidence that mot-1 possesses very low chaperone activity as compared to mot-2. A "lazy lid" hypothesis is proposed for their differential aging phenotypes.
Highly Selective Cascade Couplings for the Syntheses of Functionalized Piperidinones and Bispidines. (2007)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
On identifiability in blind IIR system identifications (2003)

In the paper, fundamental blind identifiability is discussed. We show that for an nth order IIR system to be blindly identifiable, it is necessary and sufficient to sample the output n times faster than the input sampling rate. Then, we discuss what additional information is needed for a lower output sampling rate.
A Novel Single-Step Fabrication Technique to Create Heterogeneous Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel Microstructures Containing Multiple Phenotypes of Mammalian Cells (2005)

In this study, a novel method for the one-step fabrication of stacked hydrogel microstructures using a microfluidic mold is presented. The fabrication of these structures takes advantage of the laminar flow regime in microfluidic devices, limiting the mixing of polymer precursor solutions. To create multilayered hydrogel structures, microfluidic devices were rotated 90 degrees from the traditional xy axes and sealed with a cover slip. Two discreet fluidic regions form in the channels, resulting in the multilayered hydrogel upon UV polymerization. Multilayered patterned poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel arrays (60 mum tall, 250 mum wide) containing fluorescent dyes, fluorescein isothiocyanate, and tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate were created for imaging purposes. Additionally, this method was used to generate hydrogel layers containing murine fibroblasts and macrophages. The cell adhesion promoter, RGD, was added to hydrogel precursor solution to enhance fibroblast cell spreading within the hydrogel matrix in one layer, but not the other. We were able to successfully generate patterns of hydrogels containing multiple phenotypes by using this technique.
Plasmalopsychosine, a novel plasmal (fatty aldehyde) conjugate of psychosine with cyclic acetal linkage. Isolation and characterization from human brain white matter. (1992)

Through a systematic examination of basic (cationic) lipids separated on Folch's lower phase from extracts of human brain by cation exchange chromatography on carboxymethyl Sephadex in a chloroform/methanol mixture, followed by successive chromatographies on Florisil and Iatrobeads columns, five compounds of basic lipids were separated. Two major unknown compounds A and B and a minor unknown compound C were separated, in addition to minor compounds sphingosine and N,N-dimethylsphingosine. This paper describes the isolation and chemical characterization of major unknown compounds A and B, which were found only in the white matter but not in the gray matter of the human brain. Unmodified psychosine (galactosylsphingosine) was essentially undetectable under the experimental conditions. Unknown compounds A and B were identified as novel plasmal (fatty aldehyde) conjugates of psychosine with cyclic acetal linkage at the galactosyl residue of psychosine. Fatty aldehydes were identified as mainly palmital (16:0) and stearal (18:0). Sphingosine was identified as d18:1 sphingosine. Faster migrating compound A had 3,4-cyclic acetal linkage, and slower migrating compound B had 4,6-cyclic acetal linkage (where m is 14 or 16 and n is 12) as shown below. [formula: see text] Preliminary studies showed that compounds A, B, and C had a weak inhibitory effect on protein kinase C (PKC) and had no cytotoxic effect. In contrast, psychosine displayed a strong cytotoxicity and inhibitory effect on PKC. Therefore, the process controlling the addition or deletion of plasmal cyclic linkage to psychosine could be a crucial step in regulation of PKC, src, or other kinases susceptible to psychosine.
Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Adolescence Associated with Congenital Cholestasis: A Case Description (2013)

This case describes the clinical course and treatment of a 17-year-old male patient with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arising in a non-cirrhotic liver. The disease was thought to be caused by a congenital cholestatic syndrome associated with intermittent oedema in childhood, resembling the rare Aagenaes syndrome. Treatment choices in advanced HCC arising in adolescence are discussed.
Efficient Method for the Preparation of Carboxylic Acid Alkyl Esters or Alkyl Phenyl Ethers by a New-Type of Oxidation–Reduction Condensation Using 2,6-Dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone and Alkoxydiphenylphosphines (2003)

Abstract A new-type of oxidation–reduction condensation proceeded smoothly to afford carboxylic acid alkyl esters or alkyl phenyl ethers in good to high yields by combined use of alkoxydiphenylphosphines (1) having primary, bulky secondary or tertiary alkoxy groups, a mild quinone-type oxidant such as 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-benzoquinone (DMBQ) and carboxylic acids or phenols. Generally, alkoxydiphenylphosphines were prepared easily from chlorodiphenylphosphine (2) and alcohols in the presence of pyridine, and were isolated by distillation. On the other hand, the phosphines 1 were also prepared in situ from N,N-dimethylaminodiphenylphosphine (3a) and primary or secondary alcohols while primary, bulky secondary or tertiary alkoxydiphenylphosphines were alternatively formed in situ by adding 2 to the nBuLi-treated alcohols in order to perform the above reactions by a one-pot procedure from alcohols and nucleophiles. The reaction of thus formed 1, DMBQ and carboxylic acids or phenols afforded the corresponding alkylated products, including hindered secondary and tertiary alkylated ones, in good to high yields at room temperature. In the case of using chiral secondary alcohols, the corresponding carboxylic acid alkyl esters were obtained as well in high yields with perfect inversion of stereochemistry by SN2 replacement.
Interaction between the RNA binding domains of Ser-Arg splicing factor 1 and U1-70K snRNP protein determines early spliceosome assembly (2011)

It has been widely accepted that the early spliceosome assembly begins with U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (U1 snRNP) binding to the 5' splice site (5'SS), which is assisted by the Ser/Arg (SR)-rich proteins in mammalian cells. In this process, the RS domain of SR proteins is thought to directly interact with the RS motif of U1-70K, which is subject to regulation by RS domain phosphorylation. Here we report that the early spliceosome assembly event is mediated by the RNA recognition domains (RRM) of serine/arginine-rich splicing factor 1 (SRSF1), which bridges the RRM of U1-70K to pre-mRNA by using the surface opposite to the RNA binding site. Specific mutation in the RRM of SRSF1 that disrupted the RRM-RRM interaction also inhibits the formation of spliceosomal E complex and splicing. We further demonstrate that the hypo-phosphorylated RS domain of SRSF1 interacts with its own RRM, thus competing with U1-70K binding, whereas the hyper-phosphorylated RS domain permits the formation of a ternary complex containing ESE, an SR protein, and U1 snRNP. Therefore, phosphorylation of the RS domain in SRSF1 appears to induce a key molecular switch from intra- to intermolecular interactions, suggesting a plausible mechanism for the documented requirement for the phosphorylation/dephosphorylation cycle during pre-mRNA splicing.
Tandem Native Mass-Spectrometry on Antibody–Drug Conjugates and Submillion Da Antibody–Antigen Protein Assemblies on an Orbitrap EMR Equipped with a High-Mass Quadrupole Mass Selector (2015)

Native mass spectrometry is emerging as a powerful tool for the characterization of intact antibodies and antibody-based therapeutics. Here, we demonstrate new possibilities provided by the implementation of a high mass quadrupole mass selector on the recently introduced Orbitrap Exactive EMR mass spectrometer. This configuration allows precursor ion selection, and thus tandem mass spectrometry experiments, even on analytes with masses in the hundreds of kilodaltons. We apply tandem mass spectrometry to localize the drug molecules in the therapeutic antibody-drug conjugate brentuximab vedotin, which displays a heterogeneous drug load. Our tandem MS data reveal that drug conjugation takes place nonhomogeneously to cysteine residues both on the light and heavy chains. Next, we analyzed how many antigens bind to IgG hexamers, based on a recently described antibody mutant IgG1-RGY that forms hexamers and activates complement in solution. The fully saturated IgG1-RGY-antigen complexes displayed a stoichiometry of IgG:CD38 of 6:12, possessing a molecular weight of about 1.26 MDa and demonstrating that IgG assembly does not hamper antigen binding. Through tandem MS experiments, we retrieve information about the spatial arrangement and stoichiometry of the subunits within this complex. These examples underscore the potential of this further modified Orbitrap-EMR instrument especially for the in-depth characterization by native tandem mass spectrometry of antibodies and antibody-based constructs.
A computational approach toward label-free protein quantification using predicted peptide detectability (2006)

We propose here a new concept of peptide detectability which could be an important factor in explaining the relationship between a protein's quantity and the peptides identified from it in a high-throughput proteomics experiment. We define peptide detectability as the probability of observing a peptide in a standard sample analyzed by a standard proteomics routine and argue that it is an intrinsic property of the peptide sequence and neighboring regions in the parent protein. To test this hypothesis we first used publicly available data and data from our own synthetic samples in which quantities of model proteins were controlled. We then applied machine learning approaches to demonstrate that peptide detectability can be predicted from its sequence and the neighboring regions in the parent protein with satisfactory accuracy. The utility of this approach for protein quantification is demonstrated by peptides with higher detectability generally being identified at lower concentrations over those with lower detectability in the synthetic protein mixtures. These results establish a direct link between protein concentration and peptide detectability. We show that for each protein there exists a level of peptide detectability above which peptides are detected and below which peptides are not detected in an experiment. We call this level the minimum acceptable detectability for identified peptides (MDIP) which can be calibrated to predict protein concentration. Triplicate analysis of a biological sample showed that these MDIP values are consistent among the three data sets.
Study of high energy storage Blumlein transmission lines as high power microwave drivers (2003)

Summary form only given. The evolution of high power microwave (HIPM) sources as practical systems requires the development of compact, portable, reusable, pulsed power systems. One approach to pursuing this objective is to utilize parallel-stacked Blumlein transmission lines energized using a compact Marx generator. Such a configuration would be capable of driving low impedance HPM sources with a long pulse waveform. One of the limitations of this approach is field enhancement-induced breakdown at the edges of the line. This presentation will describe a research program that will both computationally and experimentally study electrical breakdown in such transmission line configurations for a variety of dielectric materials and substrate geometries. Calculations are being performed using the commercial code HFSSTM (Agilent/Ansoft). Results to-date of this research, and its overall relation to intense beam-driven HPM source development will be discussed.
Orientation Control and Properties of PZT Film Crystalized using Laser Annealing System (2016)

A recently developed PZT sol-gel deposition machine for minimal fab is employed to form a PZT film with various temperature ramping rates. The machine is equipped with a spin coating unit for a PZT sol-gel solution and laser heating unit which is newly applied to use as a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) for a device manufacturing process on a half-inch wafer. The thin film formation can be repeated for many times without terminating the process. The laser heating system can control the ramping rate of the heating in a wide range. In this work, we introduce for the first time detailed analyses of the PZT film annealed using laser heating method. Annealing with a high ramping rate of 60°C/sec in a crystallization process, a PZT (100) film is formed on the Si wafer. In contrast, with a low ramping rate of 1.7°C/sec, a PZT (111) film is formed. The PZT (100) and (111) films are analyzed using X-ray diffraction and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy.
Scientific Priorities and Strategic Planning for Resuscitation Research and Life Saving Therapy Following Traumatic Injury: Report of the PULSE Trauma Work Group (2002)

Traumatic injury and its sequelae remain a major, unrecognized public health problem in North America. Traumatic injury is the principal cause of death in patients aged 1-44 years and the overall leading cause of life-years lost in the United States. Recognizing this, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), in conjunction with other federal agencies, organized a conference in June 2000 to discuss the basic and clinical research needs that could lead to improved outcomes following cardiopulmonary or post injury resuscitation. The Post Resuscitative and Initial Utility of Life Saving Efforts (PULSE) Workshop resulted and eight work groups were established to focus on various aspects, including organ systems, pharmacology, epidemiology, and trauma. The Trauma Work Group recommendations are presented in this article. Despite the recognition of improved survival and outcome through advancements in trauma systems and trauma care, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) support ratio for trauma research is only 0.10, compared with 1.65 for cancer research and a remarkable 3.51 for AIDS and HIV infection research. The successful federal HIV research program has significantly decreased the morbidity and mortality over the last ten years at a cost of $1.4 billion per year. A coordinated trauma research program should aim to replicate the success achieved by such programs; however, a centralized federal "home" for trauma research does not exist. Consequently, the existing limited research support is derived from NIH institutes in addition to other federal and state agencies. This report serves to describe some of the obstacles and outline various strategies and priorities for basic science, clinical, and translational trauma resuscitation research.
On a multichannel maximum SNR filter for noise reduction in the STFT domain (2015)

This paper studies the multichannel maximum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) filter for noise reduction in the short-time Fourier transform (STFT) domain. By considering both the interchannel and interframe information, the maximum SNR filter is formulated by maximizing the output SNR with the minimum distortion constraint. Simulations are performed to examine the performance of the deduced multichannel maximum SNR noise reduction filter in different conditions and the results demonstrated that this filter can significantly increase both the SNR and the speech quality.
Efficacy and safety of novel digital single-operator peroral cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy for complicated biliary stones (2017)

<b>Background/study aims</b> Laser lithotripsy can effectively fragment complicated biliary stones, but current cholangioscopes are limited by fragility, restricted mobility or moderate visual resolution. The efficacy and safety of a new digital single-operator peroral cholangioscope to guide laser lithotripsy were evaluated. <b>Patients and methods</b> In this prospective single-center series, consecutive patients with complicated biliary stones, defined as impacted stones > 1.5 cm in size and wider than the more distal common bile duct, or stones that failed extraction by basket mechanical lithotripsy, underwent ERCP and SpyGlass DS peroral cholangioscope (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, United States)-guided laser lithotripsy. Stone clearance rate and incidence of adverse events were determined. <b>Results</b> Seventeen patients (10 men, 7 women; median age 76 years) with a median biliary stone size of 2 cm underwent predominantly holmium:yttrium aluminum garnet laser lithotripsy, achieving a 94 % stone clearance rate over 1 median procedure. Lithotripsy was performed in 8 of 17 patients due to an impacted biliary stone. The remaining patients underwent lithotripsy due to prior failure of the basket mechanical lithotripter to capture or crush their stones. Post lithotripsy, 2 patients developed cholangitis and 1 patient with underlying COPD developed respiratory distress, all resolved with conservative management. There were no hemobilia, perforations, pancreatitis nor any deaths. <b>Conclusion</b> SpyGlass DS peroral cholangioscopy-guided laser lithotripsy is an efficient and safe modality for management of complicated biliary stones.