gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical dosimetry of radiotherapy beams using Cherenkov radiation: the relationship between light emission and dose (2014)

Recent studies have proposed that light emitted by the Cherenkov effect may be used for a number of radiation therapy dosimetry applications. There is a correlation between the captured light and expected dose under certain conditions, yet discrepancies have also been observed and a complete examination of the theoretical differences has not been done. In this study, a fundamental comparison between the Cherenkov emission and absorbed dose was explored for x-ray photons, electrons, and protons using both a theoretical and Monte Carlo-based analysis. Based on the findings of where dose correlates with Cherenkov emission, it was concluded that for x-ray photons the light emission would be optimally suited for narrow beam stereotactic radiation therapy and surgery validation studies, for verification of dynamic intensity-modulated and volumetric modulated arc therapy treatment plans in water tanks, near monoenergetic sources (e.g., Co-60 and brachy therapy sources) and also for entrance and exit surface imaging dosimetry of both narrow and broad beams. For electron use, Cherenkov emission was found to be only suitable for surface dosimetry applications. Finally, for proton dosimetry, there exists a fundamental lack of Cherenkov emission at the Bragg peak, making the technique of little use, although post-irradiation detection of light emission from radioisotopes could prove to be useful.
폐기왓장과 황산염 환원 미생물을 이용한 산성 광산 폐수 처리 (2010)

The removal of heavy metals such as Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu, and Cr from the acid mine drainage (AMD) with wasted tiles and sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) was investigated. NaHCO3 in phase 1 and the waste tiles in phase 2 were used to adjust pH of AMD to neutral and weak base in the first reactor and to remove some heavy metals, followed by anaerobic reactor containing SRB to additionally remove them. The HRT was 3 days in phase 1 and 2 days in phase 2. The pH adjustment in phase 1 and 2 was compared each other. The pH increased from 3 to 5 in phase 1 and 2, indicating the wasted tiles (phase 2) was as effective in pH increase as NaHCO3 (phase 1). The removal efficiencies of Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Cr in phase 1 were 80, 30, 60, 61, 44 and 40%, respectively, and 90, 40, 70, 80, 62 and 45% in phase 2, respectively, indicating higher removal efficiencies of heavy metals in phase 2 than those in phase 1. In addition, Fe, Mn, Cr and Cu are removed with higher efficiencies in pH 5~7 compared to those in pH 7~8, although some heavy metals were easily to be precipitated at higher pH. It indicates that the heavy metal removal by SRB might be dominant to the removal of the heavy metals at low pH.
An integrated nomogram combining deep learning, Prostate Imaging–Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scoring, and clinical variables for identification of clinically significant prostate cancer on biparametric MRI: a retrospective multicentre study (2021)

National Cancer Institute of the US National Institutes of Health, National Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Center for Research Resources, US Department of Veterans Affairs Biomedical Laboratory Research and Development Service, US Department of Defense, US National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, The Ohio Third Frontier Technology Validation Fund, Case Western Reserve University, Dana Foundation, and Clinical and Translational Science Collaborative.
Synthetic α‐mangostin dilaurate strongly suppresses wide‐spectrum organ metastasis in a mouse model of mammary cancer (2018)

We previously reported that, in a mouse model of mammary cancer, α-mangostin alone exhibits anti-metastatic properties. To enhance this anti-metastatic effect, we examined the efficacy of synthetic α-mangostin dilaurate (MGD), prepared by adding lauric acid to α-mangostin, in the same experimental system wherein mice bearing mammary tumors are exposed to dietary MGD at 0, 2000 and 4000 ppm. Lauric acid has a high propensity for lymphatic absorption, which is the most common pathway of initial dissemination of many solid malignancies. Both mammary tumor volumes and wide-spectrum organ metastasis were markedly reduced at 2000 and 4000 ppm: furthermore, survival in the 4000-ppm group was significantly greater than in control mice. Apoptosis in mammary carcinomas was also significantly increased in the 4000-ppm group, whereas blood microvessel density and lymphatic vessel invasion were markedly reduced. In real-time PCR analyses of tumor samples, increased p21 and decreased Pcna expression were observed with 4000 ppm but values were not statistically significant when compared to expression in control tumors. However, exposure to 4000 ppm significantly decreased expression of phospho-Akt (Ser473/Thr308) as compared to the control, indicating a role in the anti-tumorigenic effects of MGD. These findings suggest that MGD may be useful for adjuvant therapy and chemoprevention and that conjugated medium-chain fatty acids may enhance the efficacy of certain chemotherapeutic agents.
Cognitive mobile security (2016)

Mobile devices carry a number of vulnerabilities that, when exploited, can result in proprietary-data leakage, data alteration, fraudulent transactions and, in extreme cases, physical damage to the user and surroundings. Such attacks can be instigated by both outsiders and insiders, and can leverage vulnerabilities embedded in the hardware and software components of the device, as well as risky behavioral actions undertaken by the legitimate user of the device. Existing mobile security management solutions offer a wide range of configuration, tracking, and management features via device and container management, policy-based configuration, single sign-on, application whitelisting and/or blacklisting, as well as reputation and anti-malware services. A primary feature that none of the existing solutions has is context-aware anomaly detection. We propose a novel cognitive solution for mobile security based on context awareness. Our solution focuses on mobile management tools that understand long-term context-aware behavior anomalies on multiple devices.
Fast Characterization of Functionalized Silica Materials by Silicon-29 Surface-Enhanced NMR Spectroscopy Using Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (2011)

We demonstrate fast characterization of the distribution of surface bonding modes and interactions in a series of functionalized materials via surface-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Surface-enhanced silicon-29 DNP NMR spectra were obtained by using incipient wetness impregnation of the sample with a solution containing a polarizing radical (TOTAPOL). We identify and compare the bonding topology of functional groups in materials obtained via a sol-gel process and in materials prepared by post-grafting reactions. Furthermore, the remarkable gain in time provided by surface-enhanced silicon-29 DNP NMR spectroscopy (typically on the order of a factor 400) allows the facile acquisition of two-dimensional correlation spectra.
Redox initiator systems for emulsion polymerization of acrylates (2009)

Abstract The performance of different redox initiator couples to initiate the emulsion polymerization of butyl acrylate at low temperature (40–50 °C) was investigated in both batch and seeded semibatch polymerizations. Polymerizations were carried out mimicking industrial conditions, that is, technical grade monomer and no N 2 purging was used during the polymerizations. The redox systems used contained as oxidants persulfates or hydroperoxides and as reducing agents ascorbic acid, formaldehyde sulfoxilate (SFS), tetramethyl ethylene diamine (TMEDA), Bruggolit 6 and 7 (FF6 and FF7), and sodium metabisulfites. Batch experiments showed that for systems using persulfates, the ammonium persulfate (APS)/TMEDA system provided the lower induction period and higher conversion, whereas for the systems with hydroperoxide oxidants, tert ‐butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP)/FF7, TBHP/SFS, and H 2 O 2 /FF7 were the best alternatives. When these selected systems were used in seeded semibatch experiments of BA with allyl methacrylate, it was found that to obtain similar kinetics and microstructure (gel content and crosslinking density) than in case of using a thermal initiator at 80 °C, the polymerization could be run at 40 °C if the reactor was purged with N 2 . Alternatively, in absence of N 2 polymerization, temperature should be increased to 50 °C and initiator concentration increased. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 2917–2927, 2009
Synthesis of Perfluoroalkyl‐Substituted Bis(oxazolines) as Ligands for Catalytic Enantioselective Reactions. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cryptography for Security in IoT (2018)

The Internet of Thing (IoT) has rapidly emerged as the manifesto of the Linked Society, where everything that benefits from a connection is connected. The IoT consists of multiple ecosystems, with different requirements and capabilities. There are few in the community who can escape IoT impact. As IoT environments are capturing the market, security in IoT has reached the top on the security agenda. This paper presents a comprehensive survey of the Cryptography research relating to security in IoT. The security enhancements derived from cryptography research to answer the security challenges introduced by the IoT environments are discussed. By categorising the cryptography research, a set of conclusion and proposals for future research directions are presented.
Comprehensive Profiling of Secreted Factors in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Moyamoya Disease Patients (2023)

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is characterized by progressive occlusion of the intracranial internal carotid arteries, leading to ischemic and hemorrhagic events. Significant clinical differences exist between ischemic and hemorrhagic MMD. To understand the molecular profiles in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of MMD patients, we investigated 62 secreted factors in both MMD subtypes (ischemic and hemorrhagic) and examined their relationship with preoperative perfusion status, the extent of postoperative angiographic revascularization, and functional outcomes. Intraoperative CSF was collected from 32 control and 71 MMD patients (37 ischemic and 34 hemorrhagic). Multiplex Luminex assay analysis showed that 41 molecules were significantly elevated in both MMD subtypes when compared to controls, including platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) (p < 0.001). Many of these secreted proteins have not been previously reported in MMD, including interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, IL-17, IL-18, IL-22, and IL-23) and C-X-C motif chemokines (CXCL1 and CXCL9). Pathway analysis indicated that both MMD subtypes exhibited similar cellular/molecular functions and pathways, including cellular activation, migration, and inflammatory response. While neuroinflammation and dendritic cell pathways were activated in MMD patients, lipid signaling pathways involving nuclear receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), and liver X receptors (LXR)/retinoid X receptors (RXR) signaling were inhibited. IL-13 and IL-2 were negatively correlated with preoperative cerebral perfusion status, while 7 factors were positively correlated with the extent of postoperative revascularization. These elevated cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors in CSF may contribute to the pathogenesis of MMD and represent potential future therapeutic targets.
Nanocomposites based on amylopectin, microfibrillated cellulose and montmorillonite (2008)

As the use of disposable materials is rapidly increasing so are the issues with waste handling. Today, the majority of the materials used for these applications, i.e. food packages, are oil-based plastics such as polyethylene and polypropylene. Therefore, it is important to find biodegradable materials made from renewable resources for this huge growing market. Amylopectin (AP), poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and chitosan are three interesting materials for these applications. In this thesis, several ways and methods are evaluated to improve these materials and their chances of becoming future biodegradable bulk materials. AP and chitosan based nanocomposites were created by incorporating montmorillonite (MMT) and/or microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) into the materials. Also, a novel approach of using a water-soluble coupling agent to enhance the strength and stiffness of AP/MMT-composites by increasing the adhesion between the matrix and the filler is presented. Through infrared spectroscopy (IR) and moisture absorption measurements the reaction was analyzed. Mechanical testing showed that an improved strength and stiffness was obtained with the use of the coupling agent. By using appropriate treatment, before, during and after filmmaking, the effect of the coupling agent could be further increased. The AP/MFC composites showed that MFC bind water very tightly, creating a foldable material based on the naturally brittle AP. Chitosan has been investigated to study the mechanical properties of films in dry and wet conditions using MFC and/or a well-known buffer treatment. The addition of MFC prevented extensive shrinkage in the wet condition due to increased wet stiffness. The fibre and clay distribution in all the composites have been analyzed with X-ray, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Furthermore, PLA/AP blends were produced through melt mixing. In efforts to improve the affinity between the two constituents, a biodegradable grade of poly(ethylene-co-vinyl alcohol) EVOH, with high vinyl alcohol content, was used as a compatibilizer. Good mixing were obtained even if some phase separated structure could be seen. The presence of glycerol slightly increased the dispersion of the secondary phase in PLA.
The impact of bacteria exposure on the plasmonic response of silver nanostructured surfaces (2021)

Silver, in the form of nanostructures, is widely employed as an antimicrobial agent. The origin of the biocidal mechanism has been elucidated in the last decades, originating from silver cation release due to oxidative dissolution followed by cellular uptake of silver ions, a process that causes a severe disruption of bacterial metabolism, leading to eradication. Despite the large body of work addressing the effects of nanosilver shape/size on the antibacterial mechanism and on the (bio)physical chemistry pathways that drive bacterial eradication, little effort has been devoted to the investigation of nanostructured silver plasmon response upon interaction with bacteria. We investigate the bacteria-induced changes of the plasmonic response of silver nanoplates after exposure to the bacterial model Escherichia coli. Ultrafast pump-probe measurements indicate that the dramatic changes on particle size/shape and crystallinity, which likely stem from a bacteria-induced oxidative dissolution process, translate into a clear modification of the plasmonic response. Specifically, exposure to bacteria causes a decrease in the electron–phonon coupling time and an increase in lattice-environment coupling time, effects explained by an increase in the free electron density and amorphization of the silver particles. Coherent oscillations that are observed in pristine silver are completely damped in contaminated samples, which can be attributed again to amorphization of the nanoplates at the surface and an increase in polydispersivity of particle geometries. This study opens innovative avenues in the biophysics of bio-responsive materials, with the aim of providing reliable biophysical signatures of the interaction of plasmonic materials with complex biological environments.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Unusual Amino Acids: Synthesis of the Optically Pure Isomers of Indole‐Protected β‐Methyltryptophan Suitable for Peptide Synthesis. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Oxidative Modification of Albumin in Predialysis, Hemodialysis, and Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2009)

The data presented in this work indicate that oxidative stress in CKD patients gradually increased during the development of the disease. This stress is probably intensified during HD, but not in PD subjects.
Tamoxifen and ATP synergistically activate Cl− release by cultured bovine pigmented ciliary epithelial cells (2000)

Purines alter aqueous humour secretion by the bilayered ciliary epithelium. Adenosine but not ATP shrinks non-pigmented ciliary epithelial (NPE) cells by activating Cl- channels. We now report effects of ATP on pigmented ciliary epithelial (PE) cells. Cultured bovine PE cells were studied volumetrically by electronic cell sorting. ATP and tamoxifen acted synergistically to shrink PE cells. Neither ATP nor tamoxifen alone had a consistent effect on cell volume. The tamoxifen, ATP-activated shrinkage required Cl- release since the response was blocked by removing Cl- and was inhibited by the Cl- channel blockers 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoate and 4,4'-diisothiocyano-2,2'-disulfonic acid. The modulating effect of tamoxifen could have reflected many actions of tamoxifen. Our data do not support the suggestion that tamoxifen inhibits protein kinase C (PKC) or calcium-calmodulin, or that it acts on histamine or carbachol receptors. The shrinkage produced by ATP and tamoxifen was blocked by 17beta-oestradiol, but not 17alpha-oestradiol. The cooperative interaction between tamoxifen and ATP was not mediated by an enhanced rise in [Ca2+]i. The results indicate that tamoxifen interacts synergistically with ATP to activate Cl- release by the PE cells.
Planar NASICON-Based CO[sub 2] Sensor Using BiCuVO[sub x]/Perovskite–Type Oxide as a Solid-Reference Electrode (2008)

To improve the stability of a NASICON (; conductor)-based potentiometric sensor under humid conditions, a composite of and perovskite-type oxide was used as a solid-reference electrode. The sensing properties and stability of a NASICON-based planar device fitted with (auxiliary phase) and the composite reference electrode were examined under humid conditions. The planar device mounted on an alumina substrate with a Pt heater showed stable electromotive force (emf) responses to changes in the concentration (100–400 ppm) at 400 and in humid air without degradation. The sensor device also exhibited a good warming-up characteristic, i.e., the emf of the device quickly reached a steady and constant value when the sensor operation was restarted even after the sensor was exposed to humid air ( relative humidity at ) at room temperature for a long time.
Tomographic Detection of Fluorophores Embedded in Tissue-Like Phantom (1996)

We present a prototype tomographic system and a simple inverse algorithm to detect fluorescent objects embedded in thick tissue-like phantoms using early arriving fluorescence photons.
The Architecture of PIER: an Internet-Scale Query Processor (2005)

This paper presents the architecture of PIER, an Internetscale query engine we have been building over the last three years. PIER is the first general-purpose relational query processor targeted at a peer-to-peer (p2p) architecture of thousands or millions of participating nodes on the Internet. It supports massively distributed, database-style dataflows for snapshot and continuous queries. It is intended to serve as a building block for a diverse set of Internet-scale information-centric applications, particularly those that tap into the standardized data readily available on networked machines, including packet headers, system logs, and file names. In earlier
Mobile Communications in a Geosynchronous Regenerative Satellite Mesh (RSM) System (2006)

In the past 20 years, mobility has grown to become a salient feature of many communication systems. The demand for mobility is expected to be even more indispensable in the future as end users require greater amounts of data along with their desire for ubiquitous coverage as they move about. Recently, next generation cellular architectures have started providing data communication in the broadband range while preserving the mobile nature of the network. Satellite data communication systems have, however, mostly stayed within the fixed or transportable arena. The capabilities of existing and near-future satellite systems vary substantially by factors such as the types of end users and applications supported, satellite spot beam capabilities, and bandwidths supported. This paper looks at the capability of mobile communications in a geosynchronous regenerative satellite mesh (RSM) system. In particular, the architecture and design of mobility and communications-on-the-move (COTM) will be detailed for the SPACEWAY system, which falls under the RSM architecture. The mobility concept is distributed across the system, involving the space, terminal, and ground segments. Additionally, mobility has been designed to be as automated as possible and to offer high performance at broadband data rates. The concepts and designs presented here can also be considered as a blueprint for future generation satellite systems that would need to support communications-on-the-move
Ultra‐Low Concentration Monitoring of Catalytic Reactions in Photonic Crystal Fiber (2012)

Photonic crystal fibers as microreactors: Photonic crystal fibers can be used as microreactors (see figure). As an example, the illustration shows the difference in size between a 10 cm cuvette (left), and a photonic crystal fiber (right; not to scale).
Saechtling Kunststoff-Handbuch (2022)

You have accessSaechtling Kunststoff-HandbuchOct 2022Saechtling Kunststoff-HandbuchErwin Baur, Dietmar Drummer, Tim A. Osswald, Natalie RudolphErwin BaurSearch for more papers by this author, Dietmar DrummerSearch for more papers by this author, Tim A. OsswaldSearch for more papers by this author, Natalie RudolphSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.3139/9783446473614.fmSectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to FavoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsCopy LTI LinkPDF key 'share (en)' returned an object instead of string.FacebookTwitterEmailLinkedIn next chapter FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails 2022Pages: I-XXIVPrint ISBN: 978-3-446-46514-5eISBN: 978-3-446-47361-4 Copyright & Permissions© 2022 Carl Hanser Verlag GmbH & Co. KGPDF downloadLoading ...
Reductive thermolysis of a heterocyclic precursor: a convenient method for preparing luminescent, surfactant-stabilized silicon nanoparticles (2005)

A convenient one-step synthesis of silicon nanoparticles from thermal reduction of -di-tert-butyl-1, 3-diaza-2, 2-dichloro-2-silacyclopentane in the presence of trioctylphosphine oxide and Li metal is discussed. Transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive x-ray analysis, UV/visible and IR spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrophotometry and nuclear magnetic resonance were employed to characterize the nanoparticles with an average size of 5.2 ± 1.2 nm.
Antibodies to Asp-Asp-Glu-Asp Can Inhibit Transport of Nuclear Proteins into the Nucleus (1988)

The signal sequence of simian virus 40 (SV40) large T-antigen for translocation into the nucleus is composed of positively charged amino acids Lys-Lys-Lys-Arg-Lys. Rabbit antibodies to a synthetic peptide containing the negatively charged amino acid sequence Asp-Asp-Asp-Glu-Asp were obtained. Indirect immunofluorescence of the antigens recognized by the antibody was punctate at the nuclear rim or the nuclear surface, depending on the plane of focus. The antibody blocked transport of nuclear proteins into the nucleus. The antigens recognized by the antibody were predominantly localized to the nuclear pores.
High-resolution Spectrometers Based on Substrate-guided wave Holograms (2015)

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