gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Next Generation Multitarget Trackers: Random Finite Set Methods vs Transformer-based Deep Learning (2021)

Multitarget Tracking (MTT) is the problem of tracking the states of an unknown number of objects using noisy measurements, with important applications to autonomous driving, surveillance, robotics, and others. In the model-based Bayesian setting, there are conjugate priors that enable us to express the multi-object posterior in closed form, which could theoretically provide Bayes-optimal estimates. However, the posterior involves a super-exponential growth of the number of hypotheses over time, forcing state-of-the-art methods to resort to approximations for remaining tractable, which can impact their performance in complex scenarios. Model-free methods based on deep-learning provide an attractive alternative, as they can, in principle, learn the optimal filter from data, but to the best of our knowledge were never compared to current state-of-the-art Bayesian filters, specially not in contexts where accurate models are available. In this paper, we propose a high-performing deep-learning method for MTT based on the Transformer architecture and compare it to two state-of-the-art Bayesian filters, in a setting where we assume the correct model is provided. Although this gives an edge to the model-based filters, it also allows us to generate unlimited training data. We show that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art Bayesian filters in complex scenarios, while matching their performance in simpler cases, which validates the applicability of deep-learning also in the model-based regime. The code for all our implementations is made available at https://github.com/JulianoLagana/MT3 .
Guest Editor's Introduction: Special Section on the International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality 2012 (2014)

The IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality continues to be the leading venue for publishing the latest Mixed andAugmented Reality research, applications and technologies. This special section presents significantly extended versions of the four best papers of the IEEE ISMAR 2012 proceedings. These papers demonstrate the wide range of topics in Augmented Reality research. IEEE ISMAR 2012 had 143 submissions; each paper was reviewed by at least four experts in the field. An international program committee of 15 AR experts invited reviewers, led discussions, invited a rebuttal by the paper authors and prepared a consensus review. To select the final papers for publication, an in-person two-day PC meeting was held, where each paper was discussed, resulting in an overall acceptance rate of 27%. In an additional selection process, an independent Award Committee reviewed the 10 best ranked submissions again to determine the awards for Best Paper and Honorable Mention. For this special section, the authors of the award papers were invited to submit an extended version of their conference paper, with a clear focus on additional content that expands the scientific contribution of the original conference paper. A standard TVCG reviewing cycle was initiated and all four papers required multiple revisions and reviews.
Deficiency of CXCR2, but not other chemokine receptors, attenuates autoantibody‐mediated arthritis in a murine model (2010)

CXCR2 (but not other chemokine receptors) is critical for the development of autoantibody-mediated arthritis, exhibiting a cell-autonomous role in neutrophil recruitment to inflamed joints.
Low complexity soft differential decoding of QPSK for forward in coherent optic receivers (2010)

Coherent systems based on QPSK rely on differential encoding to avoid catastrophic error\npropagation. A simple solution for soft differential decoding is presented that limits the penalty after FEC to 0.75dB, similar to pre-FEC binary differential decoding.
Imbalance Between Xanthine Oxidase and Nitric Oxide Synthase Signaling Pathways Underlies Mechanoenergetic Uncoupling in the Failing Heart (2002)

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase (XO) in failing hearts improves cardiac efficiency by an unknown mechanism. We hypothesized that this energetic effect is due to reduced oxidative stress and critically depends on nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, reflecting a balance between generation of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species. In dogs with pacing-induced heart failure (HF), ascorbate (1000 mg) mimicked the beneficial energetic effects of allopurinol, increasing both contractility and efficiency, suggesting an antioxidant mechanism. Allopurinol had no additive effect beyond that of ascorbate. Crosstalk between XO and NOS signaling was assessed. NOS inhibition with N(G)-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 20 mg/kg) had no effect on basal contractility or efficiency in HF, but prevented the +26.2+/-3.5% and +66.5+/-17% enhancements of contractility and efficiency, respectively, observed with allopurinol alone. Similarly, improvements in contractility and energetics due to ascorbate were also inhibited by L-NMMA. Because of the observed NOS-XO crosstalk, we predicted that in normal hearts NOS inhibition would uncover a depression of energetics caused by XO activity. In normal conscious dogs, L-NMMA increased myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2) while lowering left ventricular external work, reducing efficiency by 31.1+/-3.8% (P<0.005). Lowered efficiency was reversed by XO inhibition (allopurinol, 200 mg) or by ascorbate without affecting cardiac load or systemic hemodynamics. Single-cell immunofluorescence detected XO protein in cardiac myocytes that was enhanced in HF, consistent with autocrine signaling. These data show that both NOS and XO signaling systems participate in the regulation of myocardial mechanical efficiency and that upregulation of XO relative to NOS contributes to mechanoenergetic uncoupling in heart failure.
Optimized set of reflectance samples for color rendition measures (2015)

We introduce a set of 99 reflectance samples, for use as test samples in colour rendition calculations. The set originates form real-world objects of various origins; it uniformly covers a gamut of colours commonly found in interior settings; and it treats all wavelengths evenly, thus avoiding artificially high rendition scores for some optimized SPDs. This set is employed in the Illuminating Engineering Society’s Technical Memorandum TM-30; it is proposed for consideration with CIE Technical Committee 1-90.
Imaging Nanostructures with Near-Field Microscopy (1995)

Near-field microscopy used in the apertured "photon scanning tunneling" mode was used to image a range on nanostructured systems including heterogeneous polymers, fiber Bragg gratings and colloid particle fractal assemblies.
Pseudo-ensemble simulations and Gibbs–Duhem integrations for polymers (1997)

Pseudo-ensemble simulations and Gibbs–Duhem integrations are formulated within the framework of the expanded grand canonical ensemble. Pseudo-isobaric–isothermal simulations are proposed in which volume moves are replaced by fluctuations in the number of molecular segments. For large systems of dense athermal polymers, this pseudo-isobaric–isothermal method is shown to achieve mechanical equilibration faster than both conventional volume moves and the recently proposed slab volume moves. Pseudo-ensembles are also discussed for Gibbs ensemble simulations and canonical simulation (of the chemical potential). It is shown that coexistence curves for pure homopolymers and polymer mixtures can be traced by performing a numerical integration of the Gibbs–Duhem equation based on (expanded) grand canonical simulations. The validity of the methods is demonstrated by tracing the vapor–liquid coexistence curve of pure square-well chains and the liquid–liquid binodal curve of a blend of square-well chains.
Imaging the Ultrasmall-Angle X-Ray Scattering Distribution with Grating Interferometry (2012)

X-ray imaging with grating interferometry has previously been regarded as a technique providing information only in direct space. It delivers absorption, phase, and dark-field contrast, which can be viewed as parameters of the underlying but unresolved scattering distribution. Here, we present a method that provides the ultrasmall-angle x-ray scattering distribution and, thus, allows simultaneous access to direct and reciprocal space information.
Video games as a tool to train visual skills (2008)

We review the range of visual skills altered by action video game playing as well as the game components important in promoting visual plasticity. Further, we discuss what these results might mean in terms of rehabilitation for different patient populations.
Towards spectrum micro-trading (2012)

Spectrum trading is an important tool to increase overall spectrum utilization and to open up opportunities for businesses to get access to desired spectrum. It has been implemented in some countries for some spectrum bands. At the same time, systems and architectures for cognitive radio technologies are being developed that are able to dynamically use spectrum bands in more flexible manners including functionalities such as dynamic bandwidth, spectrum band concatenation, sensing, channel switching and cognition. However, the current spectrum trading regimes usually require long times to execute a trade, hence limiting the flexibility over short time scales. In this paper we study spectrum micro-trading as a concept to enable trading of spectrum at the micro scale in at least three dimensions; on the micro-spatial, micro-temporal and micro-frequency scale. The ecosystem required for spectrum micro-trading and the most important metrics are defined; market viability, spectrum utilization, channel quality and social welfare. Furthermore, we propose a model for spectrum micro-trading, the Micro-trading Pixelation Model, which addresses the three dimensions on the micro scale. We then discuss the main challenges and issues that have to be solved for the realization of spectrum micro-trading with the proposed model. Finally, some initial simulation results are provided to demonstrate the performance of spectrum micro-trading.
Reoperation After Primary Fusion for Adult Spinal Deformity (2009)

Using a strict definition of reoperation for a well-defined cohort, in the presence of relevant risk factors, many patients undergoing primary fusion for adult spinal deformity required reoperation. The results indicate that complex medical and surgical factors contribute to the treatment challenges posed by patients with adult spinal deformity. This represents the largest cohort reported to date of patients undergoing primary fusion using third-generation instrumentation techniques.
Endocytosis of urokinase-plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 complexes bound to a chimeric transmembrane urokinase receptor. (1994)

The urokinase receptor (uPAR) is linked to plasma membranes through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. It has been posited that the GPI anchor facilitates clearance of uPAR-bound complexes between two chain urokinase (tcuPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) by the alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor (alpha 2MR) which permits re-expression of unoccupied uPA receptors on the cell surface. To test this hypothesis we compared internalization and degradation of 125I-labeled tcuPA-PAI-1 by COS cells expressing either transfected wild-type, GPI-linked uPAR (uPAR/GPI), or a chimeric receptor composed of the extracellular domains of uPAR linked to the transmembrane and cytosolic domains of the alpha chain (p55 subunit) of the interleukin-2 receptor (uPAR/IL-2R alpha). The kinetics of binding, internalization and degradation of tcuPA-PAI-1 by COS cells expressing each form of uPAR were virtually identical. However, internalization of complexes by uPAR/IL-2R alpha was more susceptible to inhibition by recombinant soluble 39-kDa alpha 2MR-associated protein (RAP) which competes for binding of tcuPA-PAI-1 complexes to alpha 2MR (p < 0.001), and the internalization was accompanied by a greater reduction in the number of surface uPAR/IL-2R alpha, than uPAR/GPI (p < 0.05). These studies indicate that the rate of internalization of tcuPA-PAI-1 is governed primarily by the extracellular domains of uPAR, whereas the GPI anchor may facilitate internalization of complexes and re-expression of uPAR when binding sites on alpha 2MR are limiting.
Valproic Acid Confers Functional Pluripotency to Human Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells in a Transgene-free Approach (2012)

Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) with potential for therapeutic applications can be derived from somatic cells via ectopic expression of a set of limited and defined transcription factors. However, due to risks of random integration of the reprogramming transgenes into the host genome, the low efficiency of the process, and the potential risk of virally induced tumorigenicity, alternative methods have been developed to generate pluripotent cells using nonintegrating systems, albeit with limited success. Here, we show that c-KIT+ human first-trimester amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) can be fully reprogrammed to pluripotency without ectopic factors, by culture on Matrigel in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) medium supplemented with the histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) valproic acid (VPA). The cells share 82% transcriptome identity with hESCs and are capable of forming embryoid bodies (EBs) in vitro and teratomas in vivo. After long-term expansion, they maintain genetic stability, protein level expression of key pluripotency factors, high cell-division kinetics, telomerase activity, repression of X-inactivation, and capacity to differentiate into lineages of the three germ layers, such as definitive endoderm, hepatocytes, bone, fat, cartilage, neurons, and oligodendrocytes. We conclude that AFSC can be utilized for cell banking of patient-specific pluripotent cells for potential applications in allogeneic cellular replacement therapies, pharmaceutical screening, and disease modeling.
4′-Thio-oligo-β-D-ribonucleotides: synthesis of β-4′-thio-oligouridylates, nuclease resistance, base pairing properties, and interaction with HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (1993)

We present the synthesis and the study of properties of a new series of modified oligonucleotides, namely 4'-thio-oligo-beta-D-ribonucleotides (4'-S-RNA). Homo-oligonucleotides of this class (4'-SU6 and 4'-SU12) were prepared from the previously known thionucleosides using the phosphoramidite methodology. The comparison of the substrate properties of 4'-SU6 and its natural analog U6 with respect to four nucleases indicates that the former is much more resistant than the latter. Such resistance to nucleases in addition to relatively high Tm values for 4'-SU12 hybridized with Poly(A) show that these new 4'-S-RNA are good candidates for potential antisense effects. The oligonucleotides 4'-SU6 and 4'-SU12 have been also evaluated as non sequence specific inhibitors of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. All available evidences, based primarily on fluorescence measurements, are consistent with the binding of 4'-SU6 and 4'-SU12 to RT at a site which is different from the polymerase site of the enzyme.
Developmental Alterations in Pulmonary Function of the Lamb (1985)

Pulmonary function was evaluated in 40 lambs ranging in age from 106 to 161 postconceptual days. Preterm lambs were delivered by cesarean section and newborn lambs were delivered vaginally. All animals were mechanically ventilated and had indwelling catheters. Measurements of transpulmonary pressure, airflow, tidal volume and functional residual capacity enabled calculations of lung compliance, specific compliance, lung conductance and specific conductance. Regression analysis indicated that lung compliance, lung conductance and functional residual capacity increased with developmental age; whereas, specific compliance and specific conductance decreased with maturity. These data quantitate the developmental alterations in the pulmonary function of preterm, term and newborn lambs.
HIP-tags architecture implementation for the Internet of things (2009)

This paper describes a possible implementation for the innovative and highly secure networking architecture dedicated to the Internet of Things (IoT). We propose an infrastructure that works with a new type of tags, supporting the upcoming standard Host Identity Protocol (HIP). Our main concern is to ensure RFID tags privacy, while enabling things to things communications.
Brain metastasis-related microRNAs in patients with advanced breast cancer (2019)

Brain metastasis is a major distant metastasis occurring in patients with advanced breast cancer, and is associated with poor prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have a strong influence on various oncological functions and have been reported as potential biomarkers for detecting distant metastasis. Specific biomarkers and unique miRNAs for brain metastasis have yet to be reported. The aim of this study was to identify novel miRNAs in serum, to assist in the diagnosis of brain metastasis in patients with advanced breast cancer. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients with breast cancer and collected clinical data. In addition, we evaluated serum miRNA profiles in patients with breast cancer, with and without brain metastasis, using high-sensitivity microarrays. All patients underwent computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging brain imaging tests. A total of 51 serum samples from patients with breast cancer and brain metastasis, stored in the National Cancer Center Biobank, were used, and 28 serum samples were obtained from controls without brain metastasis. Two miRNAs, miR-4428 and miR-4480, could significantly distinguish patients with brain metastasis, with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values of 0.779 and 0.781, respectively, while a combination of miR-4428 and progesterone receptor had an AUC value of 0.884. No significant correlations were identified between the expression levels of these two miRNAs in serum and clinical data. We conclude that serum miR-4428 and miR-4480 may be useful as biomarkers for predicting brain metastasis in patients with breast cancer.
Audio and Acoustic Signal Processing [In the Spotlight] (2011)

Many of the technology trends we see today in audio and acoustic signal processing (AASP) can be traced back to visionary ideas of those we now call luminaries. Key figures in our community include Colin Cherry (1914–1979) for defining the cocktail party problem; Manfred Schroeder (1926–2009) for contributions to understanding of acoustics, hearing, music, and speech coding; and many other researchers equally important but too numerous to list.
Tumor Control Index as a new tool to assess tumor growth in experimental animals (2017)

Measurement of tumor diameters, tumor volumes, or area under the curve has been traditionally used to quantitate and compare tumor growth curves in immune competent as well as immune-compromised mice and rats. Here, using tumor growth data from a large number of mice challenged with live tumor cells, we describe the use of a new composite parameter, Tumor Control Index (TCI) as an alternative method to do the same. This index, comprised of three distinct values, the Tumor Inhibition Score, Tumor Rejection Score, and Tumor Stability Score, provides a complete picture of nearly every aspect of tumor growth in large numbers of animals, can be deduced automatically from tumor diameter or volume data, and can be used to compare several groups of animals in different experiments. This automatically derivable index also corresponds neatly to the use of complete and partial responses and tumor stability data generated in human tumors, and can be used to assess the efficacy of interventions to be used in clinical studies.
CDK4/CDK6 inhibition as a novel strategy to suppress the growth and survival of BCR-ABL1T315I+ clones in TKI-resistant CML (2019)

This project was supported by the Austrian Science Funds (FWF) projects F4701-B20, F4704-B20 and P30625.
On Process, Structure, Property Relationships in Impact Welding of Aluminum 6061 and Steel 4130 (2018)

Vaporizing Foil Actuator Welding process was used to weld 1mm thick aluminum alloy 6061 sheet to 3.2 mm thick 4130 grade steel plate. Temporal evolution of the flyer sheet velocity was recorded at four locations on the flyer sheet using photonic Doppler velocimetry. The welded samples were subjected to mechanical and microstructural characterization. Although the welded interface did not show a very wavy characteristic, the welds had substantial strength. Welds made with a softer temper, T4 alloy were found to be stronger than the one created with a harder, T6 temper alloy. A coupled Lagrangian-Eulerian numerical framework was also utilized to predict the structure of the interface based on the measured velocity profile. The model also depicted absence of large waves although the jetting phenomenon was observed, thereby providing insight into necessary conditions for impact welding.
The antitumor activity of the somatostatin structural derivative (TT-232) on different human tumor xenografts. (2004)

A somatostatin structural derivative (TT-232) has been developed in our laboratory with strong antiproliferative effect but no GH- release inhibitory activity. TT-232 inhibited tyrosine kinase activity of tumor cells lines and this inhibition correlated well with the inhibition of cell proliferation. The antineoplastic activity of TT-232 has been found to be associated with induction of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in tumor cell, resulting in highly selective elimination of neoplastic tissue. The aim of this study was the therapeutic efficacy of TT-232 on different human models: PC-3 prostate carcinoma, MDA-MB-231 (ER-) and MCF-7 (ER+) breast carcinoma, HT-29 colon carcinoma, HT-18 melanoma, HL-60 promyelocytic leukemia. We studied the therapeutic efficacy of the novel somatostatin analog, it for 30 days with intermittent injection once daily and for 14 days with s.c. infusion using the Alzet osmotic minipump (model 2002). The antitumor activity of TT-232 was evaluated on the basis of survival time and tumor growth inhibition. The tumor growth inhibitory effect of TT-232 on human tumor xenografts proved to be significant, resulting in 30%-80% decrease in tumor volume and in 20-60% tumor free animals. This antitumor efficacy of the novel somatostatin analog was observable in almost all tumors investigated. These data suggest that the novel somatostatin analog (TT-232) is an effective and promising antitumor agent.
On-chip AC-DC multiple-power-supplies module for transcutaneously powered wearable medical devices (2016)

Conventional wearable medical devices need batteries to sustain reliable power for the circuits. Battery replacement is usually inconvenient to the user experience. Wireless power transfer (WPT) could be the solution for this problem. However, wearable medical devices have their intrinsic specifications that could be challenges to the WPT. Their structures should be concise for the wearable needs. Power efficiency should be made as high as possible for prolonging the user experience. Besides, more computing based algorithms embedded in these devices would require more power consumption. How to fulfill these specifications is the aim of this research work. This paper proposes a wireless power processing module that integrate AC-DC and multi- DC-DC power circuits together for wearable medical devices. The AC-DC circuit is specifically designed using a concise topology to enhance power conversion efficiency. The DC power is further regulated by different mode controls to facilitate battery charging or to provide multiple voltage outputs. The integrated circuit is implemented by a 0.25 μm high voltage CMOS process with 1.9 μm × 2.3 μm circuit dimensions.
Technische Chemie 1999 (2000)

Abstract Interdisziplinarität und Komplexität prägen die Technische Chemie immer stärker. Themen der Katalyse sind kombinatorische Methoden, neue Trägermaterialien und die homogene Zweiphasenkatalyse. Impulse für die Reaktionstechnik kamen unter anderem aus der Weiterentwicklung multifunktionaler Reaktoren und durch den Einsatz überkritischer Fluide. Schonung der Ressourcen und der Umweltschutz stehen im Mittelpunkt, wenn es urn neue Verfahren geht.