gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembled Nanoparticle Drumhead Resonators (2013)

The self-assembly of nanoscale structures from functional nanoparticles has provided a powerful path to developing devices with emergent properties from the bottom-up. Here we demonstrate that freestanding sheets self-assembled from various nanoparticles form versatile nanomechanical resonators in the megahertz frequency range. Using spatially resolved laser-interferometry to measure thermal vibrational spectra and image vibration modes, we show that their dynamic behavior is in excellent agreement with linear elastic response for prestressed drumheads of negligible bending stiffness. Fabricated in a simple one-step drying-mediated process, these resonators are highly robust and their inorganic–organic hybrid nature offers an extremely low mass, low stiffness, and the potential to couple the intrinsic functionality of the nanoparticle building blocks to nanomechanical motion.
Smart Wireless Vehicle Detection System (2008)

Traffic density becomes an important issue in modern cities due to sustained growth in population, higher standards of living, and increased levels of mobility. As a result, environmental pollution is on the rise, natural resource reserves are being depleted, and commute times are lengthened. These conditions are increasing the need for effective management of traffic flow. Improved traffic flow management involves maintaining statistics on transportation infrastructures, and tracking density levels so that enhancements can be implemented. Existing methods for gathering these statistics are costly, labor intensive, and require remote, offline data acquisition. In order to address these issues, we present a Smart Vehicle Detection System (SVEDECS) that provides real-time statistics of traffic flow, capable of tracking vehicle speed and vehicle type. We describe an implementation of SVEDECS comprised of wireless magnetic sensor nodes and a gateway node.
High Resolution Characterization of the Spectral Broadening Due to Fiber Nonlinearities (2016)

Balanced heterodyne detection and a gated microwave spectrum analyzer are used to precisely measure the spectral broadening due to intra-channel fiber nonlinearities. Polarization resolved spectra for a 224 Gb/s dual polarization 16-ary quadrature amplitude modulation signal are quantified in terms of the spectral edge power, which serves as a useful metric for capturing the effects of both fiber nonlinearities and amplified spontaneous emission noise. It is shown that without and with perturbation-based pre-compensation for the signal distortion due to the Kerr effect, the launch powers that minimize the bit error ratio and spectral edge power coincide.
Investigation of the effects of different annealing ambients on Ag/Al bilayers: Electrical properties and morphology (2001)

Ag (200 nm)/Al (8 nm) bilayer structures on SiO2 substrates were annealed at temperatures ranging from 300 °C–700 °C and for 30 min in He–H, Ar, or NH3 ambient. Upon annealing, Al segregates to the surface where it reacts with residual oxygen to form an Al-oxide passivation layer. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and Auger spectroscopy showed the formation of an AlxOy diffusion barrier at the Ag/SiO2 interface. Apart from the surface passivation that resulted from annealing, the Ag/Al/SiO2 in different ambients, the adhesion of Ag to SiO2 was also improved. A strong correlation between the resistivity and the residual Al in the Ag film was observed. Resistivity values equivalent to that of the as-deposited sample were obtained only for temperatures at 700 °C or above. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive spectroscopy was used to study the effect of the different ambients on the observed surface morphology. The SEM studies showed that the passivated surfaces were not uniform but have hillocks and holes randomly distributed. In contrast to Ag on SiO2, no agglomeration was observed in the Ag/Al/SiO2 system.
Forming Property and Microstructure in Dissimilar Thickness Friction Stir Weld of Al Alloy 5052 (2006)

&lt;div class="htmlview paragraph"&gt;This study examined effect of microstructure on the forming property in dissimilar thickness friction stir welds of 1mm- and 2mm-thick Al alloy 5052 sheets with three different cross-sectional features, i.e., weld without lazy S, weld with lazy S and weld with kissing-bond. The weld with kissing-bond cracked during root bending. The other welds containing the lazy S did not fail during bend testing. Microstructural analyses suggest that local distribution of oxide particles does not cause the cracking at the initial butt surface during root bending.&lt;/div&gt;
Electric field enhancement inɛ-near-zero slabs under TM-polarized oblique incidence (2013)

We investigate local-field enhancement phenomena in subwavelength, \ensuremath{\epsilon}-near-zero (ENZ) slabs that do not exploit Fabry-P\'erot resonances. In particular, we study the linear response of engineered metamaterial slabs of finite thickness based on plasmonic nanoshells that show an ENZ band in the visible range, and naturally occurring materials (e.g., SiO${}_{2}$) that also display ENZ properties, under oblique, TM-polarized plane-wave incidence. We then introduce active gain material in engineered metamaterial slabs that adds peculiar spectral and angular features to transmission, reflection, and absorption properties, and leads to a further local-field enhancement. These findings are supported by two theoretical studies: First, a simple interface between two semi-infinite media, namely free space and a generic ENZ medium; then, an ENZ slab of finite thickness, with the aim of understanding the system's behavior when varying the ENZ properties as well as the incident angle. For either case we report three distinct physical conditions for which we explain spectral and angular features that might result in strong field enhancement. The gain-assisted metamaterial implementation has the potential of triggering and enhancing low-threshold nonlinear phenomena thanks to the large local fields found at specific frequency and angular bands.
Re-evaluation of a Neonatal Mouse Model of Infection With Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (2021)

Enterotoxigenic <i>E. coli</i> (ETEC) is a common cause of diarrhea in children in low- and middle-income countries, and in travelers to these countries. ETEC is also an important cause of morbidity and premature mortality in piglets, calves, goat kids and lambs. The major virulence determinants of ETEC are enterotoxins and colonization factors, which enable the pathogen to colonize the small intestine and deliver enterotoxins, such as the heat-stable enterotoxins, STp and STh, to epithelial cells. Because most ETEC strains are host-specific, there are few convenient animal models to investigate the pathogenesis of ETEC infections or to evaluate specific anti-ETEC interventions, such as drugs and vaccines. An exception is ETEC strains bearing F41 pili, which mediate intestinal colonization of various young animals, including neonatal mice, to cause disease and in some cases death. In this study, we used the archetypal F41-producing bovine ETEC strain, B41 (O101:NM; K99, F41, STp) to validate and further explore the contribution of F41 and STp to bacterial virulence. By using targeted gene deletion and trans-complementation studies, augmented by whole genome sequencing, and <i>in vitro</i> and animal studies of virulence, we established that F41 mediates colonization of the mouse intestine and is essential for bacterial virulence. In addition, we showed for the first time that STp is as important as F41 for virulence. Together, these findings validate the use of neonatal mice to study the pathogenesis of F41-bearing ETEC and to investigate possible specific anti-ETEC interventions including vaccines that target heat-stable enterotoxins.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactive Electrophiles Which can React with Benzene (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
MixBoost: A Heterogeneous Boosting Machine (2020)

Modern gradient boosting software frameworks, such as XGBoost and LightGBM, implement Newton descent in a functional space. At each boosting iteration, their goal is to find the base hypothesis, selected from some base hypothesis class, that is closest to the Newton descent direction in a Euclidean sense. Typically, the base hypothesis class is fixed to be all binary decision trees up to a given depth. In this work, we study a Heterogeneous Newton Boosting Machine (HNBM) in which the base hypothesis class may vary across boosting iterations. Specifically, at each boosting iteration, the base hypothesis class is chosen, from a fixed set of subclasses, by sampling from a probability distribution. We derive a global linear convergence rate for the HNBM under certain assumptions, and show that it agrees with existing rates for Newton's method when the Newton direction can be perfectly fitted by the base hypothesis at each boosting iteration. We then describe a particular realization of a HNBM, MixBoost, that, at each boosting iteration, randomly selects between either a decision tree of variable depth or a linear regressor with random Fourier features. We describe how MixBoost is implemented, with a focus on the training complexity. Finally, we present experimental results, using OpenML and Kaggle datasets, that show that MixBoost is able to achieve better generalization loss than competing boosting frameworks, without taking significantly longer to tune.
11.3: Distinguished Paper: High Transmission VA‐LCD with a Three Dimensionally Shaped Pixel Electrode for 4K × 2K Displays (2013)

Abstract A three dimensionally shaped pixel electrode (TD electrode) for the 4K × 2K VA‐LCD is proposed. With this novel electrode, a more efficient and stable transmittance property can be achieved. The mechanisms for transmittance improvements and the stability of productions were analyzed with comparisons to the conventional VA electrode.
Characterization of the nonlinear properties of PZN–PT (2001)

This presentation will focus on the electro-mechanical properties of single crystals of relaxor ferroelectric PZN–PT. The characterization work begins with measurement of the drive capability of the material as a function of preload. These measurements were made by loading specimens at constant stress levels and then cycling the electric field while monitoring the resulting strain. Results to be presented are curves for stress/strain at various electric field levels, and strain/electric field and electric displacement/electric field at various constant stress loads. A second set of experiments was performed by placing the specimens in bending. In this arrangement, the tensile and compressive stress/strain behavior are determined simultaneously. This clearly shows the effects of material nonlinearity. The final set of tests takes a close look at fatigue of the material. Small cracks are intentionally placed in specimens and then the electric field is cycled. Observation of fatigue behavior will be discussed.
The Quality of Footwear Fit: What we know, don't know and should know (2000)

Even though fit ranks as one of the most important considerations in the purchase of a shoe, the quality of fit has no metric and is hence poorly assessed. Manufacturers, retailers, and customers tend to use trial and error techniques to improve footwear fit. This approach is rather cumbersome and very unscientific. In this paper, we present a methodology to assess and thereby quantify footwear fit so that comfort can be predicted and consequently improved lasts and shoes can be produced that match different shapes of feet.
Spatial peak power minimization for relaxed phase M-PSK MIMO directional modulation transmitter (2017)

The burst in media content and access to smart phones has created an increasing demand for data. At the same time, powering up mobile base stations contributes notably to CO2 footprint. To address these issues, we need to design energy efficient communication systems with higher data rates while considering practical limitations. As a solution, we design an optimal M-PSK directional modulation precoder with spatial peak power minimization where the communicated symbol on each receiving antenna is placed in the optimal location of a predefined region. Such an approach allows less stringent design and results in further energy efficiency. In this work, we characterize the relaxed region, formulate the optimal symbollevel precoder design problem, and transform it into a standard form. The simulation results show that the relaxed design reduces the consumed power while the symbol error rate increment at the receiver due to the relaxed phase design is negligible.
RVDB-prot, a reference viral protein database and its HMM profiles (2019)

<ns4:p>We present RVDB-prot, a database corresponding to the protein equivalent of the nucleic acid reference virus database RVDB. Protein databases can be helpful to perform more sensitive protein sequence comparisons. Similarly to its homologous public repository, RVDB-prot aims to provide reliable and accurately annotated unique entries, while including also an Hidden Markov Model (HMM) protein profiles database for distant protein searching.</ns4:p>
Control of Paternally Expressed Imprinted UPWARD CURLY LEAF1, a Gene Encoding an F-Box Protein That Regulates CURLY LEAF Polycomb Protein, in the Arabidopsis Endosperm (2015)

Genomic imprinting, an epigenetic process in mammals and flowering plants, refers to the differential expression of alleles of the same genes in a parent-of-origin-specific manner. In Arabidopsis, imprinting occurs primarily in the endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo. Recent high-throughput sequencing analyses revealed that more than 200 loci are imprinted in Arabidopsis; however, only a few of these imprinted genes and their imprinting mechanisms have been examined in detail. Whereas most imprinted loci characterized to date are maternally expressed imprinted genes (MEGs), PHERES1 (PHE1) and ADMETOS (ADM) are paternally expressed imprinted genes (PEGs). Here, we report that UPWARD CURLY LEAF1 (UCL1), a gene encoding an E3 ligase that degrades the CURLY LEAF (CLF) polycomb protein, is a PEG. After fertilization, paternally inherited UCL1 is expressed in the endosperm, but not in the embryo. The expression pattern of a β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the UCL1 promoter suggests that the imprinting control region (ICR) of UCL1 is adjacent to a transposable element in the UCL1 5'-upstream region. Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) silences the maternal UCL1 allele in the central cell prior to fertilization and in the endosperm after fertilization. The UCL1 imprinting pattern was not affected in paternal PRC2 mutants. We found unexpectedly that the maternal UCL1 allele is reactivated in the endosperm of Arabidopsis lines with mutations in cytosine DNA METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 (MET1) or the DNA glycosylase DEMETER (DME), which antagonistically regulate CpG methylation of DNA. By contrast, maternal UCL1 silencing was not altered in mutants with defects in non-CpG methylation. Thus, silencing of the maternal UCL1 allele is regulated by both MET1 and DME as well as by PRC2, suggesting that divergent mechanisms for the regulation of PEGs evolved in Arabidopsis.
Extreme Velocity Wind Sensor (2002)

This presentation provides an overview of the development of new hurricane wind sensor (Extreme Velocity Wind Sensor) for the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) which is designed to withstand winds of up to three hundred miles an hour. The proposed Extreme Velocity Wind Sensor contains no moveable components that would be exposed to extreme wind conditions. Topics covered include: need for new hurricane wind sensor, conceptual design, software applications, computational fluid dynamic simulations of design concept, preliminary performance tests, and project status.
Bringing influenza vaccines into the 21st century (2013)

The recent H7N9 influenza outbreak in China highlights the need for influenza vaccine production systems that are robust and can quickly generate substantial quantities of vaccines that target new strains for pandemic and seasonal immunization. Although the influenza vaccine system, a public-private partnership, has been effective in providing vaccines, there are areas for improvement. Technological advances such as mammalian cell culture production and synthetic vaccine seeds provide a means to increase the speed and accuracy of targeting new influenza strains with mass-produced vaccines by dispensing with the need for egg isolation, adaptation, and reassortment of vaccine viruses. New influenza potency assays that no longer require the time-consuming step of generating sheep antisera could further speed vaccine release. Adjuvants that increase the breadth of the elicited immune response and allow dose sparing provide an additional means to increase the number of available vaccine doses. Together these technologies can improve the influenza vaccination system in the near term. In the longer term, disruptive technologies, such as RNA-based flu vaccines and 'universal' flu vaccines, offer a promise of a dramatically improved influenza vaccine system.
Targeting the c-Kit Promoter G-quadruplexes with 6-Substituted Indenoisoquinolines (2010)

Herein, we demonstrate the design, synthesis, biophysical properties, and preliminary biological evaluation of 6-substituted indenoisoquinolines as a new class of G-quadruplex stabilizing small molecule ligands. We have synthesized 6-substituted indenoisoquinolines 1a-e in two steps from commercially available starting materials with excellent yields. The G-quadruplex stabilization potential of indenoisoquinolines 1a-e was evaluated by fluorescence resonance energy transfer-melting analysis, which showed that indenoisoquinolines show a high level of stabilization of various G-quadruplex DNA structures. Indenoisoquinolines demonstrated potent inhibition of cell growth in the GIST882 patient-derived gastrointestinal stromal tumor cell line, accompanied by inhibition of both c-Kit transcription and KIT oncoprotein levels.
Internet of Things Anomaly Detection using Machine Learning (2019)

In recent years, an increasing number of devices are being connected to the Internet that encompasses more than just traditional devices. Internet of Things integrates real-world sensors such as smart devices or environment sensors with the Internet allowing for real}-time monitoring of conditions. IoT devices are often constrained in their resources as the sensors involved are designed for specific purposes. Due to these constraints, typical methods of intrusion and anomaly detection cannot be used. Also, due to the amount of raw input data from these sensors, detecting anomalies among the noise and other background data can be computationally intensive. A possible solution to this is by using machine learning models that are trained on both normal and abnormal behavior to detect when anomalies occur. By using techniques such as autoencoders, models can be trained that have learned normal operating conditions. In this study, we explore the use of machine learning techniques such as autoencoders to effectively handle the high dimensionality of sensor datasets while consequently learning their normal operating conditions. Autoencoders are a type of neural network which attempts to reconstruct its input data by combining two NNs, an encoder, and a decoder network. The encoder learns its input by encoding it into a lower-dimensional space while capturing the interactions and correlations between variables. In this paper, we explore the use of techniques such as autoencoders to create a lower-dimensional representation of high dimensional sensor input. Autoencoders encode the data allowing for the network to learn the interactions between parameters in normal conditions which when reconstructed with the decoder represents non-anomalous behavior. When data containing anomalies are input into the network errors will occur within the reconstruction. The error between the reconstructions can be measured using a distance function to determine if an observation is anomalous.
Increased abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus in gut microbiota is associated with moyamoya disease and non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease (2022)

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a rare cerebrovascular disease endemic in East Asia. The p.R4810K mutation in RNF213 gene confers a risk of MMD, but other factors remain largely unknown. We tested the association of gut microbiota with MMD. Fecal samples were collected from 27 patients with MMD, 7 patients with non-moyamoya intracranial large artery disease (ICAD) and 15 control individuals with other disorders, and 16S rRNA were sequenced. Although there was no difference in alpha diversity or beta diversity between patients with MMD and controls, the cladogram showed Streptococcaceae was enriched in patient samples. The relative abundance analysis demonstrated that 23 species were differentially abundant between patients with MMD and controls. Among them, increased abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus > 0.003 and decreased abundance of Roseburia inulinivorans < 0.002 were associated with higher risks of MMD (odds ratio 9.6, P = 0.0024; odds ratio 11.1, P = 0.0051). Also, Ruminococcus gnavus was more abundant and Roseburia inulinivorans was less abundant in patients with ICAD than controls (P = 0.046, P = 0.012). The relative abundance of Ruminococcus gnavus or Roseburia inulinivorans was not different between the p.R4810K mutant and wildtype. Our data demonstrated that gut microbiota was associated with both MMD and ICAD.
Search for anomalous couplings in boosted WW/WZ→ℓνqq‾ production in proton–proton collisions at s=8 TeV (2017)

This Letter presents a search for new physics manifested as anomalous triple gauge boson couplings in WW and WZ diboson production in proton-proton collisions. The search is performed using events containing a W boson that decays leptonically and a W or Z boson whose decay products are merged into a single reconstructed jet. The data, collected at s = 8 TeV with the CMS detector at the LHC, correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19 fb -1 . No evidence for anomalous triple gauge couplings is found and the following 95% confidence level limits are set on their values: ([-0.011, 0.011]), ([-0.044, 0.063]), and g Z 1 ([-0.0087, 0.024]). These limits are also translated into their effective field theory equivalents: -14, 17] TeV -2 ), and c W / 2 ([-2.0, 5.7] TeV -2 ).